jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pharmacists subjected to disciplinary action: characteristics and risk factors

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To establish whether there are any characteristics of pharmacists that predict their likelihood of being subjected to disciplinary action. Methods The setting was the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain's Disciplinary Committee. One hundred and seventeen pharmacists, all of whom had been referred to the Disciplinary Committee, were matched with a quota sample of 580 pharmacists who had not been subjected to disciplinary action but that matched the disciplined pharmacists on a set of demographic factors (gender, country of residence, year of registration). Frequency analysis and regression analysis were used to compare the two groups of pharmacists in terms of sector of work, ethnicity, age and country of training. Descriptive statistics were also obtained from the disciplined pharmacists to further explore characteristics of disciplinary cases and those pharmacists who undergo them. Key findings While a number of characteristics appeared to increase the likelihood of a pharmacist being referred to the disciplinary committee, only one of these – working in a community pharmacy – was statistically significant. Professional misconduct accounted for a greater proportion of referrals than did clinical malpractice, and approximately one-fifth of pharmacists who went before the Disciplinary Committee had previously been disciplined by the Society. Conclusions This study provides initial evidence of pharmacist characteristics that are associated with an increased risk of being disciplined, based upon the data currently available. It is recommended that follow-up work is carried out using a more extensive dataset in order to confirm the statistical trends identified here.
Managing Suppliers for Quality: Perspectives from Italian Restaurant Owners

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This qualitative study explores the complexities of managing suppliers for quality among Italian restaurant owners, investigating their perspectives, challenges, and strategic approaches in supplier management. Through semi-structured interviews with 15 restaurant owners across diverse regions of Italy, key themes emerged regarding supplier selection criteria, challenges in supplier management, strategies for ensuring quality, and the impact of external factors on supply chain dynamics. Findings reveal that authenticity, reliability, and sustainability are paramount in supplier selection, aligning with consumer expectations for genuine Italian ingredients and culinary excellence. Economic pressures, operational disruptions, and external influences, exacerbated by events like the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitate adaptive strategies such as cost-effective sourcing, rigorous quality control measures, and technological integration to maintain supply chain continuity and uphold quality standards. Strategic initiatives, including rigorous quality assurance protocols, digital procurement platforms, and collaborative partnerships with suppliers, enhance transparency, efficiency, and responsiveness in supply chain operations. Entrepreneurial initiatives and emotional intelligence play crucial roles in fostering innovative sourcing strategies and building trust-based relationships with suppliers, enhancing supply chain resilience and responsiveness to market demands. External factors, such as market dynamics and sustainability trends, underscore the need for continuous adaptation and strategic foresight in supplier management practices. The study contributes to understanding the intricate dynamics of supplier management in Italian cuisine, offering insights for enhancing operational efficiency, maintaining quality standards, and fostering sustainable supplier relationships in the food service industry.
Calcium and Magnesium Contents of Mammalian Erythrocyte Membranes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Calcium and magnesium contents of whole erythrocytes and of erythrocyte membranes (stroma) were determined by atomic absorption technique on five mammalian species, man, rabbit, pig, cow and dog.In every species, the magnesium content of the whole erythrocyte is predominantly higher than the calcium content. Of the total magnesium, about 2-6% are localized in the membrane, whereas 40-86% of the whole cell calcium are found in the membrane. Except that the magnesium content of bovine erythrocyte is remarkably lower (about 1/7) than those of the other species, there seems to be no big species difference in these cation contents in the whole erythrocytes.The amounts of calcium localized in the membrane were found to be in a range of 1.5-2.6×10-18 mole per cell. The membrane magnesium contents vary considerably among the species examined and fall in a range of 1.6 (cow)-12 (dog)×10-18 mole per cell, with the intermediate values on the other three species of 4.0, 4.1 and 5.6×10-18 mole per cell. The membrane Mg/Ca molar ratios range between 0.65-6.5.Intracellular concentrations of calcium and magnesium were calculated from the differences between the amounts in the whole cell and those in the membrane, assuming that no release of these cations occurs in the course of preparation of stroma.
Breast Implant-associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Canadian Surgical Oncology Survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) awareness has increased, resulting in concerns regarding the safety of implant-based reconstruction. Breast cancer patients are first seen by surgical oncologists, who are therefore potentially the first health-care professionals to encounter concerns regarding BIA-ALCL. We therefore surveyed surgical oncologists on their understanding of BIA-ALCL to better assess potential effects on plastic surgery practice. Methods: An anonymous web-based survey consisting of 9 multiple-choice questions was sent to breast surgical oncologists that are members of the Canadian Society of Surgical Oncology (n = 135). Results: Forty-two members responded (n = 42/135, 31%) and all participants were aware of BIA-ALCL. All participants reported that BIA-ALCL has not deterred them from referring patients for implant-based reconstruction. Twenty-two respondents (52%) discuss BIA-ALCL with their patients and 21% (n = 9) believe that BIA-ALCL typically follows a metastatic course. Eight respondents (19%) reported having a poor understanding of BIA-ALCL, while 14% (n = 6) were unable to identify the link to textured implants. There were no statistical differences based on case-load volume. Conclusions: Approximately half of the respondent Canadian breast surgical oncologists discuss BIA-ALCL with their patients, yet there is a knowledge gap in terms of the epidemiology and clinical-pathological course of BIA-ALCL. It is of utmost importance to ensure that the plastic surgery community aims at including surgical oncologist colleagues in educational platforms regarding BIA-ALCL to ensure collaboration and unity in an effort to offer the most accurate information to patients, and prevent misinformation that may deter patients from seeking implant-based reconstruction.
On a tangent equation by primes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, we introduce a new diophantine equation with prime numbers. Let [ ⋅ ] [\,\cdot\,] be the floor function. We prove that, when 1 < c < 23 21 1<c<\frac{23}{21} and θ > 1 \theta>1 is fixed, then every sufficiently large positive integer 𝑁 can be represented in the form N = [ p 1 c ⁢ tan θ ⁡ ( log ⁡ p 1 ) ] + [ p 2 c ⁢ tan θ ⁡ ( log ⁡ p 2 ) ] + [ p 3 c ⁢ tan θ ⁡ ( log ⁡ p 3 ) ] , N=[p^{c}_{1}\tan^{\theta}(\log p_{1})]+[p^{c}_{2}\tan^{\theta}(\log p_{2})]+[p^{c}_{3}\tan^{\theta}(\log p_{3})], where p 1 , p 2 ,
Rancang Bangun Website Berbasis CMS Wordpress Versi 6.3 di Kampung Kalamanuk Distrik Fakfak Timur Tengah

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Village information still uses madding, making it difficult for residents to get accurate information. The aim of this research is to produce a WordPress CMS-based website in Kalamanauk Village, Fak-fak District, Middle East and a website that is valid, practical and effective to use. This research method uses the Research and Development (R&D) development method. Data was collected by observation, interviews, literature studies and questionnaires. The subjects of this research were 20 people from the Kalamanuk village, Middle East Fakfak district. Descriptive statistical data analysis techniques for presenting data using tables and calculating averages. Based on the results that the researchers have obtained, they obtained validation results from 1 validator, including website experts, namely the average percentage, namely an average percentage of 95%, which is referred to in the "Very valid" criteria. The level of practicality of the village website was obtained from the respondent questionnaire, the results obtained were an average percentage of 90% which was referred to in the "Very practical" criterion, the level of effectiveness of the website was obtained from the respondent questionnaire, the results obtained were an average percentage of 86% which was referred to in the criterion " Very effective". Based on the results of the respondent's trial, an average score of 87% was obtained in the "Very good" category. The results of this research show that the WordPress CMS-based website design is valid, practical and effective to use.
Baltimore Healthy Eating Zones (BHEZ) intervention program improves food related knowledge among low‐income inner‐city youth

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Baltimore Healthy Eating Zones (BHEZ) program consisted of a 9‐month intervention in Baltimore City recreation centers and local corner stores. BHEZ sought to increase access to healthy foods and positively influence psychosocial factors and eating behaviors among youth and caregivers in low‐income, predominantly African‐American neighborhoods. The study was evaluated in 71 African American youths aged 10 to 14 and their primary caregivers, recruited from 7 intervention and 7 control recreation centers. The impact of the intervention was measured by pre‐ and post‐ intervention surveys, compared by a paired sample t‐test. Intervention group youth significantly improved their food‐related knowledge as assessed by 12 questions (mean improvement of 1.1 correct answers, p‐value < 0.001), while control group youth did not improve their knowledge significantly (mean improvement 0.419, p‐value = 0.266). These preliminary findings indicate that the BHEZ intervention made a significant impact in improving the food‐related knowledge among Baltimore African‐American youths. Grant Funding Source : The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Drawing of Great Circles and Small Circles on a Wulff Net by MS-Excel/VBA

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ウルフ網に任意の大円と小円を描くために，MS-ExcelのVBA（Visual Basic for Application）で動くプログラムを開発した．これにより，地層面の頻度図から地層の褶曲軸を求めたり，割れ目の頻度図からそれらを形成した主応力の方向を求めることができる．また，赤道面投影および子午面投影以外に，極が任意の方向のウルフ網を描くこともできる．
TRADE BANS AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION: THE CASE OF AFRICAN ELEPHANT IVORY

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Trade bans are imposed on undesirable items such as endangered species, narcotics, polluting manufactures and stolen goods. This paper argues that, under a trade ban, production of the banned goods may increase when enforcement is imperfect. The main reason for this is the withholding of legal supplies and confiscation under a ban which will increase black market prices and, hence, stimulate illegal supplies. The interaction between illegal and legal supply sources is analysed in a simple model inspired by the market far elephant ivory, pointing to the main effects of a trade ban.
Characterizing the Fourier transform by its properties

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is common knowledge that the Fourier transform enjoys the convolution property, i.e., it turns convolution in the time domain into multiplication in the frequency domain.It is probably less known that this property characterizes the Fourier transform amongst all linear and bounded operators T : L 1 ÝÑ C b .Thus, a natural question arises: are there other features characterizing Fourier transform besides the convolution property?We answer this query in the affirmative by investigating the time differentiation property and its discrete counterpart, used to characterize discrete-time Fourier transform.Next, we move on to locally compact abelian groups, where differentiation becomes meaningless, but the Fourier transform can be characterized via time shifts.The penultimate section of the paper returns to the convolution characterization, this time in the context of compact (not necessarily abelian) groups.We demonstrate that the proof existing in the literature can be greatly simplified.Lastly, we hint at the possibility of other transforms being characterized by their properties and demonstrate that the Hankel transform may be characterized by a Bessel-type differential property.
[Electrophysiologic, morphometric and histocytochemical characteristics of frog sartorius muscle fibers].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Three groups of muscle fibers (dark, light, and intermediate) were revealed in the fibers of the frog sartorius muscle in examination of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. There was revealed a reverse relationship between the diameter of the muscle fibers an the SDH activity in them. The external surface of sartorius muscle is chiefly represented by dark muscle fibers, whereas the internal one--by light ones. Microelectrode study demonstrated that the fibers of the external surface were characterized, in comparison with those of the internal one, by lesser action potentials, prolonged trace negative potential, low quant composition of the end plate potentials, high amplitude and low frequency of the end plate miniature potentials. Analysis of the data obtained demonstrated definite interrelationship between the histochemical profile of the muscle fibers of the frog sartorius muscle and their electrophysiological characteristics.
2683 Gastric Metastasis From Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal malignancy in adults and possesses extensive metastatic potential. At the time of diagnosis, over 30% of cases have metastatic lesions and a 10% risk of developing metastatic disease after 5 years. The most commonly involved sites for metastasis include regional lymph nodes and distant organs such as the lungs, liver, and brain. In very rare cases, it can spread to gastrointestinal tract. CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: The patient is a 74 year old male found to have a 5 cm right kidney mass while undergoing workup for uncontrolled HTN. Histology and workup after radical resection confirmed clear cell carcinoma limited to the right kidney. Follow up CT a year after diagnosis revealed bilateral adrenal gland nodules. Biopsy of which was consistent with metastatic renal cell carcinoma at which point chemotherapy was started. Restaging two years thereafter and multiple follow up surveillance CT scans revealed no evidence of disease progression. Nine years after the original diagnosis, patient was admitted for hypotension and anemia. EGD done in evaluation of anemia, revealed multiple gastric submucosal polyps, biopsy of which revealed metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Immunostaining with PAX-8 and renal tumor markers were positive further proving RCC as the primary carcinoma. At this point the patient was restarted on chemotherapy and discharged with close follow up. DISCUSSION: Within the gastrointestinal tract, metastasis of RCC to the stomach is the rarest, at a rate of <0.2%. The process by which tumor cells migrate from the primary site to distant organs and the predilection to metastasize to specific organ systems is not well understood. In the rare instance that RCC metastasizes to the stomach, it most frequently presents as a polypoid submucosal protruding mass leading to gastrointestinal bleeding and symptomatic to anemia . The optimal treatment for RCC remains controversial and the utility of resection on mortality remains unclear. In our patient, the period from radical resection to detection of metastatic gastric lesions was over nine years. At the time of resection, the lesion was confined to the left kidney only as per staging imaging obtained. This raises many questions: how can metastatic lesions present after the resection of a tumor with no invasion of the kidney capsule? How can these new lesions appear almost a decade later? And finally, how effective is resection of primary RCC tumor in regards to preventing metastasis?
Is Fat Tax the Panacea for Fast Food Consumption and Related Health Issues in Urban India?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In an attempt to reduce the growing fast food consumption, widely believed to be the prime reason for the rising obesity in the state, the Kerala Finance Minister in his 2016 budget speech made a proposal for introducing a 14.5% Pigouvian-type fat tax on the proliferating 'branded' fast food chains in Kerala, the first of its kind in India. In this context, the present study analyzed the rationale behind this policy and its effectiveness. The study was conducted during the period of October-December 2017 using primary data collected from a sample comprising of customers from five major fast food chains as well as patients from three prominent hospitals in Bengaluru city, selected using the random sampling technique. The study found out that there has been a major shift in the food habits among the people of urban India, especially among the youth. Students and professionals have increasingly become consumers of fast foods and through appropriate statistical techniques, it was found that the fast food consumption pattern has been acting as a major determinant of food consumption-related health issues. Based on the empirical analysis, the study concluded that levying of fat tax on the 'branded' fast food chains alone will not make any significant impact in reducing the consumption rate of these food items. However, it can provide an adequate source of revenue that can be channelized towards providing better health care facilities and campaigns for better food habits. The study also outlined some policy suggestions.
Maps showing hydrologic conditions in the San Francisco River area, Greenlee County, Arizona, 1978: A reconnaissance study

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The San Francisco River area includes about 950 square miles in Greenlee County in east-central Arizona. Water-resources development has been slight compared with that in many areas in Arizona. In 1978 about 500 acre-feet of water was diverted for irrigation from the San Francisco and Blue Rivers, and about 550 acre-feet of ground water was withdrawn from wells for municipal use at Clifton. Surface water and ground water generally contained less than 500 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids; however, in the San Francisco River the dissolved-solids concentration increased from 263 to 885 milligrams per liter as the water moved downstream. The increase in dissolved solids was caused by inflow from springs near Clifton, one of which contained 11,700 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. Information shown on the maps includes altitude of the water level, depth to water, well depth, streamflow characteristics of the San Francisco and Blue Rivers, and dissolved-solids and fluoride concentrations. (USGS)
A TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN A PNEUMATIC TIRE AND AN EVEN AND UNEVEN ROAD SURFACE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY The paper presents a two-dimensional model of pneumatic tire interacting with even and uneven road surface. The model describes jointly radial and tangential tire properties, assuming variation of the friction coefficient at the contact points. Such a model can be useful in describing the interaction between the pneumatic tire and road, that is characterized by a relatively big value of the ratio of the road unevenness height to its length.
Comparison of different procedures for the extraction and partial purification of R-phycoerythrin from the red macroalga Grateloupia turuturu

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract With the aim of solubilizing R-phycoerythrin from Grateloupia turuturu , we tested the efficiency of two extraction solutions (distilled water and phosphate buffer) on fresh and freeze-dried seaweeds. Three different methods enabling a partial purification of this pigment were also tested: ammonium sulfate precipitation, separation in aqueous two-phase systems, and ultrafiltration. The best extraction and partial purification conditions for R-phycoerythrin were observed from freeze-dried algae after application of the precipitation procedure (80% ammonium sulfate). This latter protocol appears to be efficient for separating R-phycoerythrin without denaturation from most proteins and other components (such as sugars) that limit the purification of phycobiliproteins.
Effects of Predictive Information on Pupil Dilation during the Evaluation of Food Images

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

It has been well established in previous research that predictive information has a large impact on decision-making in a variety of cognitive paradigms. Less is known about how predictive cues influence the sensory, perceptual and affective processes toward a subjective choice. Here, we designed an evaluative decision-making paradigm, with naturalistic food images as stimuli, using predictive cues to measure pupil dilation during information processing toward a subjective rating. In each trial, we used a predictive cue to generate an expectation about the upcoming target image. The color of the cue indicated the predictive validity (either 100% or 50% reliability); the shape of the cue indicated the predicted valence of the target image (either appetitive or aversive). We also varied the length of the delay between the predictive cue and the target image (either 1s or 9s). The participants were asked to rate the target food images on a continuous scale from -10 to 10 using a joystick. The results showed a difference in pupil dilation in response to the predictive cue as a function of the predicted valence, with more constriction following negative cues. The dilation was unaffected by color. There was also a notable difference in pupil dilation during the target image viewing as a function of the actual valence, with more constriction for appetitive images. The apparent contradiction in dilation as a function of item category may be due to the level of arousal, with complementary or opposing functions for valence during expectation versus actual sensory and perceptual processing. Future research is required to establish the exact relationship with arousal in order to uncover the underlying mechanisms of this novel finding.
Investigation of Microstructure and Properties of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the microstructure and properties of an Al-7.5Zn-1.7Mg-1.4Cu-0.12Zr alloy in T74 condition have been investigated using TEM, tensile properties testing, conductivity measurement, fracture toughness testing, fatigue testing, corrosion testing and soaking quench method etc. The results indicate that When T74 tempers are performed, the alloy can obtain a good comprehensive performance with GPII zones, η' phases and η phases as the major precipitates in the matrix and coarser and discontinuous precipitates on the grain boundaries. The alloy also exhibits a good combination of tensile strength, fracture toughness, fatigue and corrosion properties. And the alloy has a good quench performance, after soaking quenched in water, the strength of the forging with 210mm thickness is stable and varies less than 10% along the depth direction.