jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Targeted Lung Denervation improves COPD symptoms and health related quality of life at 6-months

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Targeted Lung Denervation (TLD) is a bronchoscopic therapy that ablates parasympathetic pulmonary nerves to induce anticholinergic action in COPD. Aim: To evaluate safety and efficacy after TLD in patients with mild to moderate COPD. Methods: Bilateral TLD was performed in patients with COPD (FEV1/FVC<70%; FEV1 30-60% predicted) using a novel second-generation lung denervation system (Nuvaira, Inc., USA) with esophageal visualization in a prospective study (NCT02058459). Safety was evaluated by collecting all adverse events (AEs) through 6 months and bronchoscopic inspection at 3 months. Efficacy measures included pulmonary function testing, CAT and SGRQ-C questionnaires. Results: 16 patients (10F/6M, 63.5+5.6 years, FEV1 31.6+5.6%) underwent TLD. Four post treatment serious AEs were reported in 1 patient (cough, bronchial infection, chest pain, and tendonitis). 6-month FEV1 %predicted (off bronchodilators) was similar to baseline pre TLD (on tiotropium). CAT and SGRQ-C significantly (both p<0.05) improved in 92% and 64% of patients compared to baseline (see Figure). Conclusion: TLD is feasible and safe using esophageal visualization and demonstrates improvement in symptoms and health related quality of life in patients with COPD compared to inhaled anticholinergic maintenance therapy. TLD shows similar lung function improvements compared to tiotropium, confirming the anticholinergic mechanism of action.
The Functional Approach to the Management of the Pediatric Neuropathic Bladder: A Clinical Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A functional approach has been used in the management of the pediatric neuropathic bladder. Herein we report on our experience with incontinent children using pharmacologic manipulation with anticholinergic and sympathomimetic agents. Neuropharmacology and neuroanatomy as they apply to this approach are reviewed.
Multi-Level Modeling and Simulation in Systems Biology -- Promises and Challenges

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary form only given. Systems biology is aimed at analyzing the behavior and interrelationships of biological systems and is characterized by combining experimentation, theory, and computation. Multi-level models describe systems at different levels of organization and abstraction. To apply them in systems biology implies typically that concentration changes as well as the discrete behavior of single entities and their interactions need to be taken into account in modeling and simulation. A variety of approaches have been developed offering specific perspectives on cellular systems in modeling and simulation. We explore how far multi-level aspects are already supported and identify challenges yet to be met
Sleep and Arousal Hubs and Ferromagnetic Ultrafine Particulate Matter and Nanoparticle Motion Under Electromagnetic Fields: Neurodegeneration, Sleep Disorders, Orexinergic Neurons, and Air Pollution in Young Urbanites

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Air pollution plays a key role in sleep disorders and neurodegeneration. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and/or transactive response DNA-binding protein TDP-43 neuropathology have been documented in children and young adult forensic autopsies in the metropolitan area of Mexico City (MMC), along with sleep disorders, cognitive deficits, and MRI brain atrophy in seemingly healthy young populations. Ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) and industrial nanoparticles (NPs) reach urbanites’ brains through nasal/olfactory, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and placental barriers. We documented Fe UFPM/NPs in neurovascular units, as well as lateral hypothalamic nucleus orexinergic neurons, thalamus, medullary, pontine, and mesencephalic reticular formation, and in pinealocytes. We quantified ferromagnetic materials in sleep and arousal brain hubs and examined their motion behavior to low magnetic fields in MMC brain autopsy samples from nine children and 25 adults with AD, PD, and TDP-43 neuropathology. Saturated isothermal remanent magnetization curves at 50–300 mT were associated with UFPM/NP accumulation in sleep/awake hubs and their motion associated with 30–50 µT (DC magnetic fields) exposure. Brain samples exposed to anthropogenic PM pollution were found to be sensitive to low magnetic fields, with motion behaviors that were potentially linked to the early development and progression of fatal neurodegenerative diseases and sleep disorders. Single-domain magnetic UFPM/NPs in the orexin system, as well as arousal, sleep, and autonomic regions, are key to neurodegeneration, behavioral and cognitive impairment, and sleep disorders. We need to identify children at higher risk and monitor environmental UFPM and NP emissions and exposures to magnetic fields. Ubiquitous ferrimagnetic particles and low magnetic field exposures are a threat to global brain health.
Pirot liberators monument in Tijabara

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

One of the results of participation of Pirot in the life of newly liberated Serbia in its visual aspects is that this town obtains its own square crowned by the monument bearing the sign of liberty in a Serbian town. The monument was finished in 1924. after 20 years since its building had started and is dedicated to the liberators of Pirot from 1877. representing the triumph over Ottoman Empire. During the 19th century in the period of creation of nations and within the European tendencies towards building of numerous monuments in the public spheres which is called monumentomania, the liberated Serbia embraced the practice of building monuments in public areas. By liberation of Pirot area and urbanisation of the town and its changing from the Ottoman and Balkan model, the town obtained a square in the newer part of the town and new memorial place dedicated to the most significant historical event in the more recent history of Pirot.
PPARγ Inhibition Impairs BMP2-Mediated Bone Repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Wang, Chenchao MD; Bisht, Bharti PhD; Shen, Jia PhD; Lee, Soonchu; Zhang, Yulong PhD; Pan, Hsin Chuan DDS; Tanjaya, Justine; Berthiaume, Emily A.; Da Lio, Andrew L. MD; Soo, Chia MD, FACS Author Information
Seed germination according to crown position and maturation year of Pinus pinaster Ait. closed-cones from Teleno Mountains(León, Northwest Spain)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pinus pinaster Ait. from Teleno mountains (NW Spain) has closed-cones. This character has been extensively studied in other pines due to its meaning as a fire adaptative strategy. This paper analyses seed innate dormancy of this pine population. The results indicate that south exposed seeds germinate faster than north or top-crown located seeds. Seed germination rates are correlated to mean daily maximum summer temperature in maturation year. On the contrary, different summer temperatures does not correspond to different percentage of seed viability. We interpret the germination-maturation temperature relation as an efficient mechanism to diversify the length of seed innate dormancy and, in this way, to get an extended germination in time.
Preterm Birth—A Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE The association between low birth weight and type 2 diabetes is well established. We studied whether preterm birth carries a similar risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Helsinki Birth Cohort includes 13,345 men and women born between 1934 and 1944. Of them, 12,813 had adequate data on length of gestation, which we linked with data on special reimbursement for diabetes medication. RESULTS Of the subjects, 5.1% had received special reimbursement after age 40. In subjects born before 35 weeks of gestation, the odds ratio for diabetes was 1.68 (95% CI 1.06–2.65) compared with that in those born at term. After adjustment for birth weight relative to length of gestation, the odds ratio was 1.59 (1.00–2.52). CONCLUSIONS Preterm birth before 35 weeks of gestation is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in adult life. The risk is independent of that associated with slow fetal growth.
Effects of Trace Elements on Traits and Functional Active Compounds of Camellia oleifera in Nutrient-Poor Forests

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Camellia oleifera is a major woody oilseed species in China, but it is typically cultivated in nutrient-poor soils and may be affected by various trace elements. This study examined how spraying selenium, boron, and zinc trace elements affected the traits and functional active compounds of C. oleifera under nutrient deficiency. The results revealed significant variations in the effects of different trace element combinations on C. oleifera. Optimal concentrations of zinc and selenium are critical for promoting the growth and development of C. oleifera fruit. The transverse diameter of the fruit, the single fruit weight, the number of seeds per fruit, the single fresh seed weight, the oil content in the fruit, and the oil yield per plant of other treatments can be increased by up to 3.07%, 10.57%, 23.66%, 30.23%, 7.94%, and 21.95%, respectively, at most, compared to the control group. Diluting zinc from 1000 to 1500 times and maintaining a selenium concentration from 100 to 200 mg/L has been found to be beneficial for fruit growth. While low concentrations of selenium may promote an increase in fruit transverse diameter, high concentrations of selenium, along with high dilutions of zinc, can have the opposite effect, leading to a reduction in fruit diameter. However, a high concentration of selenium can positively impact the number of seeds per fruit. The most effective combination was found to be a selenium concentration of 0 mg/L, a boron concentration of 4 mg/L, and a zinc dilution of 1500. Interestingly, lower concentrations of selenium and boron, as well as lower dilutions of zinc, were found to increase the oil yield per plant. This suggests that a careful balance of trace elements is required to promote both fruit growth and oil content. The total sterol, squalene, total flavonoid, and polyphenol content of other treatments can be increased by up to 28.81%, 32.07%, 188.04%, and 92.61%, respectively, at most, compared to the control group. Selenium fertilizer and boron fertilizer increased the total sterol content in Camellia oil and had a significant positive correlation at the 0.01 level, but zinc fertilizer had little influence on it. High concentration selenium fertilizer generally increased the squalene, total flavonoid, and polyphenol content in Camellia oil, but boron and zinc fertilizers had little effect on these components. The results suggested that choosing appropriate fertilizer combinations could improve nutrient deficiency in C. oleifera and enhance the functional active compounds of its oil, thereby enhancing its value.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of saponins in the flower bud of Panax ginseng (Ginseng Flos) by UFLC‐Triple TOF‐MS/MS and UFLC‐QTRAP‐MS/MS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Ginseng Flos (GF), the flower bud of Panax ginseng , is a worthy functional food with medicinal potential. A few studies have focused on the comprehensive and systematic analysis of its major bioactive constituents. Objective The aims are to develop the methods of ultra‐fast liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole‐time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC‐Triple TOF‐MS/MS) and ultra‐fast liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole‐linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC‐QTRAP‐MS/MS) for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the saponins in GF. Methodology UFLC‐Triple TOF‐MS/MS and UFLC‐QTRAP‐MS/MS were established for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the saponins in GF, separately. Results Fifty‐one saponins were identified in GF using UFLC‐Triple TOF‐MS/MS method; among them, 21 saponins were characterized by comparing with standards. Furthermore, 12 ginsenosides (ginsenoside Re, Rg 1 , Rf, 20(S)‐Rg 2 , 20(R)‐Rg 2 , Rb 1 , Rc, Ro, Rb 2 , F 1 , Rd, and F 2 ) were synchronously determined by UFLC‐QTRAP‐MS/MS method after the extraction with 70% methanol. This UFLC‐QTRAP‐MS/MS method showed good linearity ( r >0.9991), the interday and intraday precision, repeatability and stability were all satisfied, the average recoveries of standard addition for the compounds were between 94.01% and 105.16%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 5%. Conclusion The results are available for the comprehensive quality control and assessment of GF and its relative products.
Partially coherent conical refraction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we extend the paraxial conical refraction model to the case of the partially coherent light using the unified optical coherence theory. We demonstrate the decomposition of conical refraction correlation functions into well-known conical refraction coherent modes for a Gaussian Schell-model source. Assuming randomness of the electrical field phase of the input beam, we reformulated and significantly simplified the rigorous conical refraction theory. This approach allows us to consider the propagation of light through a conical refraction crystal in exactly the same way as in the classical case of coherent radiation. Having this in hand, we derive analytically the conical refraction intensity both in the focal plane and in the far field, which allows us to explain and rigorously justify earlier experimental findings and predict new phenomena. The last include the counterintuitive effect of narrowing of the conical refraction ring width, disappearance of the dark Poggendorff's ring in the Lloyd's plane, and shift of Raman spots for the low-coherent conical refraction light. We also demonstrate a universal power-law dependence of conical refraction cones coherence degree on the input correlation length and diffraction-free propagation of the low-coherent conical refraction light in the far field.
Origins of Heterochromatic Repatterning in White-Footed Mice, Peromyscus leucopus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

There appear to be at least three potential mechanisms to explain karyotypic orthoselection resulting in heterochromatic repatterning in the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus. These include pericentric inversions where the chromosomal break occurs in the hetero-chromatic regions flanking the centromere, insertions of blocks of ribosomal genes into the short-arm heterochromatic material, and either rolling circle amplification-insertion or the translocation of heterochromatic material. We provide data that are not easily compatible with the hypothesis that a single mechanism appears adequate to explain all heterochromatic repatterning in the karyotype of P. leucopus. Our conclusions are based on results obtained through in situ hybridization using three different fluorescently labeled probes: one to identify heterochromatin, one to identify the ribosomal genes, and one to identify the telomere. The direction of change in chromosomal evolution was established by cladistical analysis of 30 species of Peromyscus.
CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Developed For Activating Primate Immune Responses Promotes Anti-Tumoral Effect Combine With Neo-Antigen Based mRNA Cancer Vaccine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Synthetic phosphorthiolate modified CPG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CPG-ODN) activate innate and adaptive immune responses, which being exploited as a therapeutic approach. Here, we first screened and identified a new CpG-B class ODN (CpG2018B) that effectively stimulates type II interferon both in mouse Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (p-DC) and human PBMC. In addition, CpG2018B promotes cytokine production mainly via toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) pathways. We further demonstrated that intratumoral (IT) injection of CpG2018B inhibits melanoma growth in syngeneic models and could turn “cold” tumors into “hot” tumors. Then, CpG2018B and mRNA based neo-antigen cancer vaccine were encapsulated into lipid-nanoparticle (LNP) and intratumoral injected into melanoma mice models. Interestingly, vaccination with CpG or mRNA vaccine alone could inhibit tumor growth respectively, while, CpG combine with mRNA vaccine enhanced the anti-tumor effect. At last, we described the long-term safety and tolerability of CpG2018B and mRNA therapy in mice models. In conclusion, we identified a novel CpG-B ODNs to promote immune response and CpG combine with mRNA cancer vaccines are attractive candidate for immune stimulatory sequences (ISS) based therapeutic strategies.
The Place-making Function of Ritual Movement at Rome: from the Salians to Our Lady of Mount Carmel

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ritual movement, i.e. the movement of individuals or groups on a more or less fixed route for religious reasons or purposes (e.g. processions), always played a major role in Roman religious life. Such kind of rituals could have a place-making function: through their continued and repeated performance they contributed to the cultural, social, and physical creation of religious places, ultimately becoming embedded in Rome’s sacred landscape. The case studies of ritual movement considered in this paper will be an ancient one, the ritual celebrated by the Salians, and the procession of Our Lady of Mount Carmel.
The Conflict About the Middle of the Road: The Austrians Versus Public Choice

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper is about something which, at least superficially, looks like a conflict between public choice theory and Austrian social science, in particular as represented by Friedrich Hayek and Ludwig von Mises. What I am referring to is the conflict between the so-called Median Voter Theorem, on the one hand, and the Austrian contention that there is no “middle way”, on the other. The Median Voter Theorem, as the reader knows, is often formulated within the framework of a left-right continuum, and it says that the decision taken will correspond to the position of the median voter. Thus, if the voters are distributed in a roughly symmetrical way along the left-right continuum, the decision will be a position somewhere close to the middle of the scale. The Austrians, on the contrary, claim that there is no such thing as a middle of the road outcome. Only socialism and liberalism are real alternatives.
Electronic and optical properties of crystalline nitrogen versus black phosphorus: A comparative first-principles study

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Crystalline black nitrogen (BN) is an allotrope of nitrogen with the black phosphorus (BP) structure recently synthesized at high pressure by two independent research groups [Ji et al., Sci. Adv. 6, eaba9206 (2020); Laniel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 216001 (2020)]. Here, we present a systematic study of the electronic and optical properties of BN focusing on its comparison with BP. To this end, we use the state-of-the-art quasiparticle self-consistent $GW$ approach with vertex corrections in both the electronic and optical channels. Despite many similarities, the properties of BN are found to be considerably different. Unlike BP, BN exhibits a larger optical gap (2.5 vs 0.26 eV), making BN transparent in the visible spectral region with a highly anisotropic optical response. This difference can be primarily attributed to a considerably reduced dielectric screening in BN, leading to enhancement of the effective Coulomb interaction. Despite relatively strong Coulomb interaction, exciton formation is largely suppressed in both materials. Our analysis of the elastic properties shows exceptionally high stiffness of BN, comparable to that of diamond.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Secondary and Tertiary Hydrofluorocarbons by Electrooxidation in Fluorosulfuric Acid: Novel Route to Perfluoroketones and Tertiary Alcohols.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The indirect electrooxidation of the substrates (IV) using the in situ formed intermediate peroxide (F‐SO2‐O‐)2 (V) gives rise to the fluorosulfates (I).
Christianity in the eyes of a Greek intellectual: the notions of σοφία and τελετή in Lucian's De morte Peregrini

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article aims to draw a general picture of Lucian of Samosata’s perception of Christianity through the analysis of the peculiar vocabulary used in chapt. 11 of his De morte Peregrini, where Christianity is mentioned as θαυμαστὴ σοφία and καινὴ τελετή. To do this, at first, the different meanings and the evolution of these two nouns in the context of the history of the Greek language have been analyzed; subsequently, they have been studied in their specific uses within Lucian’s works. After this preliminary analysis, from which an apparent difficulty to reconcile the two terms with the definition of Christian religion has emerged, the attention has been focused on their specific use related to Christianity in De morte Peregrini. As for θαυμαστὴ σοφία, the narrative context and the particular connotation of Jesus as σοφιστής (given in a later passage and read in the light of the historic-religious category of θεῖος ἀνήρ) have made it possible to recognize a specific meaning as set of knowledge and norms that makes up the doctrine transmitted to Christians by Jesus, i.e. as the ‘content’ of Christianity; the definition of καινὴ τελετή, which concerns instead the ‘external form’ of Christianity, has found an explanation in the context of the general structure of Greek polytheism (in which the general concept of ‘religion’ is missing), which determines the impossibility for Lucian to understand and explain Christianity outside the traditional parameters, and leads him to identify it as one of the various options of devotional and initiatory worship that were spreading within Greek religion. Finally, the cross-reading of these two definitions in the light of the surrounding vocabulary and of the conception of Jesus as θεῖος ἀνήρ, allowed to recognize in Lucian an attitude of general lack of interest and slight mockery towards Christianity, which connects him to other intellectuals of the time, even on the linguistic level.
The experience of Chinese American parents of children with life-limiting illness: a comprehensive review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Life-limiting childhood illness is a traumatic experience presenting parents with psychological, physical, and social challenges. While cultural influences affect all parents coping with the life-limiting illness and end-of-life period of their child, little is known about the experiences of Chinese American parents. The purpose of this comprehensive literature review was to describe Chinese American parents' experiences during their children's end-of-life period from a culturally informed perspective. Important themes in the literature are revealed including culture-based phenomena regarding philosophy of life and illness that can affect treatment choices, cultural mores that influence parental behaviour in Western health-care systems, specific communication patterns within families and between families and providers, certain coping risks, and gender-based roles and caregiving activities that have implications for provider communication patterns. The findings are consonant with the larger literature regarding the impact of traditional culture and values on Chinese family and health behaviours. Health professionals must be sensitive to Chinese American parents' communication styles, unspoken concerns, and unresolved cultural conflicts in American health-care settings. Educational interventions may be very helpful in this regard.