jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of pretreatment lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in patients with urologic tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: The prognostic value of pretreatment lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) in patients with urologic tumors remains controversial. Therefore, we herein conducted a meta-analysis to systematically assess the prognostic value of LMR in patients with urologic tumors. Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science to identify eligible studies. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the prognostic value of LMR in patients with urologic tumors. This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018108959). Results: A total of 20 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Our synthesized analysis showed that low LMR was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC). We also found that renal cell cancer (RCC) patients with low LMR had poor OS, PFS and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Besides, it was observed that low LMR predicted poor OS, RFS and CSS in patients with bladder cancer (BC). Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that pretreatment LMR is associated with survival, and may be a useful prognostic parameter in urologic tumors. Nevertheless, more prospective and heterogeneous studies with large samples are required to further confirm our findings before it is applied for daily clinical decision making.
Sex Work, Mobility and Health in Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sex Work, Mobility and Health in Europe, edited by Sophie Day and Helen Ward. London: Kegan Paul, 2004. 300 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-7103-0942-6, ISBN-10: 0-71030-942-2 (hbk.). US$127.50/UK£65.00. In the...
Diving pattern, lung volumes, and alveolar gas of the Korean diving woman (ama)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lung volumes and alveolar gases during actual dives were studied in the Korean diving women, or ama. These women dive without assistance. Average descent and ascent velocities are 0.6 m/sec. Maximal depth and duration of dive observed were 17 m and 82 sec, respectively. However, typical sustained diving activity is to a depth of 5 m for 30 sec, averaging 60 dives/hr. This diving pattern is compared with the assisted dives of the Japanese ama lasting 60 sec and reaching a depth of about 20 m. Prior to diving the lung is filled to 85% of vital capacity. About 700 ml of this gas are lost upon return to the surface. A slight hyperventilation before dive reduces the Pco 2 to 28. At the bottom the fractional composition of O 2 as well as CO 2 is less than before dive indicating that both gases are removed by the circulation. The compression of the gases accounts for the reversal of CO 2 transport. Upon return to the surface CO 2 leaves the blood and reaches normal values while the O 2 is very low. At the bottom O 2 pressure is high due to compression but falls rapidly upon ascent. The detailed pattern of gas exchange is discussed. Submitted on September 28, 1962
Enhancing convolutional neural network generalizability via low-rank weight approximation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Noise is ubiquitous during image acquisition. Sufficient denoising is often an important first step for image processing. In recent decades, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely used for image denoising. Most DNN-based image denoising methods require a large-scale dataset or focus on supervised settings, in which single/pairs of clean images or a set of noisy images are required. This poses a significant burden on the image acquisition process. Moreover, denoisers trained on datasets of limited scale may incur over-fitting. To mitigate these issues, we introduce a new self-supervised framework for image denoising based on the Tucker low-rank tensor approximation. With the proposed design, we are able to characterize our denoiser with fewer parameters and train it based on a single image, which considerably improves the model's generalizability and reduces the cost of data acquisition. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world noisy images have been conducted. Empirical results show that our proposed method outperforms existing non-learning-based methods (e.g., low-pass filter, non-local mean), single-image unsupervised denoisers (e.g., DIP, NN+BM3D) evaluated on both in-sample and out-sample datasets. The proposed method even achieves comparable performances with some supervised methods (e.g., DnCNN).
Total Saponin from Root ofActinidia valvataDunn Inhibits Hepatoma 22 Growth and MetastasisIn Vivoby Suppression Angiogenesis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The root of Actinidia valvata dunn has been widely used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), proved to be beneficial for a longer and better life in China. In present work, total saponin from root of Actinidia valvata Dunn (TSAVD) was extracted, and its effects on hepatoma H22-based mouse in vivo were observed. Primarily transplanted hypodermal hepatoma H22-based mice were used to observe TSAVD effect on tumor growth. The microvessel density (MVD), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are characterized factors of angiogenesis, which were compared between TSAVD-treated and control groups. Antimetastasis effect on experimental pulmonary metastasis hepatoma mice was also observed in the study. The results demonstrated that TSAVD can effectively inhibit HCC growth and metastasis in vivo , inhibit the formation of microvessel, downregulate expressions of VEGF and bFGF, and retrain angiogenesis of hepatoma 22 which could be one of the reasons.
Basic principles of magnetic resonance contrast agents.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of contrast agents in MRI is well established as a means to improve diagnosis. MRI differs from other imaging modalities because signal and contrast are multiparametric in both the properties of the tissue and the method of measurement. Contrast depends on differences in proton-spin density, magnetic susceptibility, molecular diffusion and perfusion, and T1 and T2 relaxation times. Relaxivity contrast agents, those that focus on shortening relaxation times, are most commonly employed in the form of paramagnetic chelates and depend on a variety of mechanisms, including concentration, number of ion-coordination sites, spin quantum number, magnetic moment, ion-to-proton distance, and correlation time constants characteristic of the chemical and molecular structure. A sound understanding of the principles of general contrast mechanisms, contrast agent design, and MRI techniques used in conjunction with contrast agents is vital to ensure proper enhancement and optimal diagnostic results.
Location proteomics: a systems approach to subcellular location

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Systems Biology requires comprehensive systematic data on all aspects and levels of biological organization and function. In addition to information on the sequence, structure, activities and binding interactions of all biological macromolecules, the creation of accurate predictive models of cell behaviour will require detailed information on the distribution of those molecules within cells and the ways in which those distributions change over the cell cycle and in response to mutations or external stimuli. Current information on subcellular location in protein databases is limited to unstructured text descriptions or sets of terms assigned by human curators. These entries do not permit basic operations that are common to other biological databases, such as measurement of the degree of similarity between the distributions of two proteins, and they are not able to fully capture the complexity of protein patterns that can be observed. The field of location proteomics seeks to provide automated, objective high-resolution descriptions of protein location patterns within cells. Methods have been developed to group proteins into statistically indistinguishable location patterns using automated analysis of fluorescence microscope images. The resulting clusters, or location families, are analogous to clusters found for other domains, such as protein sequence families. Preliminary work suggests the feasibility of expressing each unique pattern as a generative model that can be incorporated into comprehensive models of cell behaviour.
We Get who we are: Cultural Adult Faith Produces Cultural Adolescent Faith

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The “Notes Section” of the Christian Education Journal provides an opportunity for people in the field of Christian education to provide responses to articles in previous issues of the journal and to share more personal reflective articles that provide stimulating ideas for readers to think about. In this issue, Rebecca Peters reflects on how recent research on adolescent spirituality compares with research from half a century ago, and what we might learn from that comparison.
Conversio ad bonum commutabile: Augustinian Language of ‘Conversion’ in Medieval Theology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The anniversary of Augustine's arrival in Kent in 597, and the subsequent christianization of England, made conversion an obvious theme for the 1997 International Medieval Congress. It was also a theme which attracted massive interest, and not just from early medievalists interested in the christianization of England and its near-contemporary parallels. This volume presents reworkings of 28 of these contributions.
Rational pharmacotherapy in type 2 diabetes: Danish data from 2002 to 2020 on mortality, diabetes-related outcomes, adverse events and medication expenses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p dir="ltr">Objective</p><p dir="ltr">Developments in pharmacotherapy and management of type 2 diabetes may have shifted the balance of treatment benefits versus harms and costs over the past decades. This study aimed to describe the trends in this balance.</p><p dir="ltr">Research Design and Methods</p><p dir="ltr">We followed the Danish population with type 2 diabetes between 2002 and 2020, analyzing their medication usage in relation to treatment benefits (such as mortality and diabetes-related outcomes), adverse events and medication costs. Using multivariate analyses, we adjusted for potential confounders including age, sex and socioeconomic status.</p><p dir="ltr">Results</p><p dir="ltr">The study included 461,805 individuals. From 2002 to 2020, the median age increased from 66 to 68 years and the mean number of comorbidities increased from 5.2 to 8.8. The overall incidence of cardiovascular, renal and other important adverse clinical outcomes decreased. Similarly, the rate of some adverse events, such as gastric bleeding, hypoglycemia and falls declined, whereas the incidence of electrolyte imbalances and ketoacidosis increased. The average per-patient cost was reduced by 8%, but total medication expenses increased by 148% due to an expanding population size, lowered costs of most cardiovascular medications and increasing costs for glucose-lowering drugs.</p><p dir="ltr">Conclusions</p><p dir="ltr">Advancements in type 2 diabetes management have led to reduced risk of both diabetes-related outcomes and treatment harms, while maintaining relatively stable per-patient medication expenses. While these trends are multifactorial, they suggest more rational pharmacotherapy. Still, increased risk of certain adverse events, along with increasing costs for glucose-lowering medications, underscores the need for ongoing vigilance and risk-benefit analysis.</p>
Study on Cold-tolerance of Seedlings of Different Lily

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The cold-tolerance of Lily including 3 wild species: L.amoenum,L.davidii var.unicolor Cotton,L.sulphureum and 8 commercial varieties: Egypt,Star Gazer,Clair,Tropic,Royal Trinity,White Fox,Lei mountain,Manissa was studied.The level of MDA,relative electronic conductivity and the activity of antioxidant enzymes(SOD,CA T,POD) were tested after low temperature treatment.The results showed: with the low temperature period extending,the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the relative electronic conductivity gradually increased,while the level of MDA were different within 3 wild species and 8 commercial varieties.According to the research,the ability of cold-tolerance of Lilium above mentioned showed as: L.amoenumL.davidii var unicolor CottonL.sulphureumClairTropicRoyal TrinityManissaLei mountainWhite FoxStar GazerEgypt.This studies provided some theoretical basis to lowing product cost and cultivating cold resistance variety of Lilium.
The Value and the Variability of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The objectives of this article are twofold: To review the value and the variability of MR imaging (MRI) findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to reveal the fre-quency of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. SLE is a complex multisystem autoimmune connective tissue disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. Materials and methods: We present three cases, two with neurological symptoms and one case with musculoskeletal symp-toms. Patients were imaged in the MRI department of the University Hospital of Patras. All pa-tients had a previous history of antiphospholipid syndrome and known SLE. Results: None of the pts had a normal brain MRI. Abnormal lesions were typically high on FLAIR and T2-weighted im-ages. One patient showed myositis of the tibial muscles bilateral and although she did not reveal any neurological symptoms, because of the presence of APS, she underwent brain MRI to detect any cerebrovascular involvement. The brain MRI was abnormal and showed extensive lesions and porencephalia. In all cases the differential diagnosis of the brain MRI included vasculitis, focal ischemia, multiple sclerosis or other entities. Parenchymal volume loss-cerebral atrophy, incom-patible with their age, was obvious in all patients. Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging is the
Sensory registration and informational persistence.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The traditional view of iconic memory as a precategorical, high-capacity, quickly decaying visible memory has recently come under attack (e.g., Coltheart, 1980). Specifically, distinctions have been drawn between visible persistence, or the phenomenal trace of an extinguished stimulus, and informational persistence, knowledge about the visual properties of the stimulus. In the present research we tested two alternative conceptions of informational persistence. One conception is that visual information persists in a visual memory that begins at stimulus offset and lasts for 150-300 ms, independently of exposure duration. The second is that informational persistence arises from a nonvisual memory that contains spatial coordinates for displayed items along with identity codes for those items. Three experiments were conducted in which 3 X 3 letter arrays were presented for durations ranging from 50 to 500 ms. A single character mask presented at varying intervals after array offset cued report of an entire row of the array. Comparison of the cued row's masked and unmasked letters revealed that spatially-specific visual (i.e., maskable) information persisted after stimulus offset, regardless of exposure duration. This result favors the visual conception of informational persistence. But there was also support for the nonvisual conception: Accuracy increased and item intrusion errors decreased as stimulus duration increased. The implications of these results for models of informational persistence and for transsaccadic integration during reading are discussed.
HAX1‐related congenital neutropenia: Long‐term observation in paediatric and adult patients enrolled in the European branch of the Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry (SCNIR)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary HAX1 ‐related congenital neutropenia ( HAX1 ‐CN) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the HAX1 gene. HAX1 ‐CN patients suffer from bone marrow failure as assessed by a maturation arrest of the myelopoiesis revealing persistent severe neutropenia from birth. The disorder is strongly associated with severe bacterial infections and a high risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukaemia. This study aimed to describe the long‐term course of the disease, the treatment, outcome and quality of life in patients with homozygous HAX1 mutations reported to the European branch of the Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry. We have analysed a total of 72 patients with different types of homozygous ( n = 68), compound heterozygous ( n = 3), and digenic ( n = 1) HAX1 mutations. The cohort includes 56 paediatric (<18 years) and 16 adult patients. All patients were initially treated with G‐CSF with a sufficient increase in absolute neutrophil counts. Twelve patients required haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for leukaemia ( n = 8) and non‐leukaemic indications ( n = 4). While previous genotype–phenotype reports documented a striking correlation between two main transcript variants and clinical neurological phenotypes, our current analysis reveals novel mutation subtypes and clinical overlaps between all genotypes including severe secondary manifestations, e.g., high incidence of secondary ovarian insufficiency.
Ion-Pair and Charged Hydrogen-Bond Interactions between Histidine and Aspartate in a Peptide Helix

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effect on helix stability of placing a single pair of His-Asp or Asp-His residues, spaced (i, i + 3), (i, i + 4), or (i, i + 5), in an alanine-based peptide has been determined. The peptides have identical amino acid compositions, intrinsic helix propensities, and closely similar charge-helix dipole interactions, but they have different side chain interactions. Their helix contents are measured by circular dichroism over the pH range of 2-9, and the strength of a particular side chain interaction is determined from the increase in helix content over the reference peptide with the (i, i + 5) spacing. Side chain interactions are found for both the (i, i + 3) and (i, i + 4) spacings but only in the His-Asp orientation. Charged hydrogen-bond interactions occur at extreme pH values, and they are almost as strong as the ion-pair interactions at pH 5.5; but only the (i, i + 4) His-Asp peptide forms a strong hydrogen bond at pH 2, and only the (i, i + 3) peptide forms a strong hydrogen bond at pH 8.5. The ion-pair interactions are not screened effectively by 1 M NaCl, and hydrogen bonds probably account for most of their strength.
Girls and Boys

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Chapter 2 explains that street life moves online through girls and boys and their relations to one another. This chapter shows how girls and boys use social media to manage their encounters and the value this holds for girls especially, but boys as well. The author uses several cases, including JayVon and Denelle, to illustrate the ways in which interaction moves between the physical street and the digital street. The chapter then examines the feedback effects between gender and the street code. The author finds that whereas turf lines bind boys to their home streets, girls become brokers for themselves and boys dependent upon their loyalty. This chapter argues that focus only on the physical side of neighborhood interaction has led to the false assumption that boys control the street. By considering physical and digital space together, the mobility and centrality of girls in neighborhood networks become sharply clear.
Between the Universal and the Singular in Aristotle

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay attempts to uncover the ideology of form that operates in an unquestioned way in much philological scholarship concerning Aristotle's thinking. Drawing on four different interpretations of form in Aristotle, that of Joseph Owens, Edward Halper, Michael Frede and Günter Patzig, and Michael Loux, this essay attempts to show the manner in which Aristotle's logos concerning being in the Metaphysics reflects its own conditioned finitude. This emphasis on the finitude of the Aristotelian logos opens a way to articulate the ideological tendencies endemic to the attempt to think being in terms of form. The essay concludes with an account of ontological justice as an attempt to address the individuality of the individual as such without reducing it to particularity, a mere instance of the coercive universal.
Monensin Toxicity in Turkey Breeder Hens

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

High mortality in two flocks of 1900 turkey breeder hens accidentally fed 280 g monensin/ton of complete feed is described. Mortality attributed to the poisoning was 76% in flock 1 and 18% in flock 2. Clinically, turkeys were found dead, exhibited respiratory distress with wings extended laterally, had fine tremors, or showed posterior paresis and inability to rise. The most striking finding at necropsy was the almost complete absence of gross lesions. Some turkeys had severely congested lungs; however, many did not. A few birds had pale streaks within the adductor muscles of the legs. Microscopic lesions included myofiber degeneration and necrosis of skeletal and myocardial muscle. Serum phosphorus, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase were markedly elevated, whereas potassium, chloride, and calcium values were lowered.
Short‐term storage of sperm in common carp from laboratory research to commercial production—A review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Short‐term storage of fish sperm is a simple and cost‐effective process in fishery research from basic to applied perspectives. It has been used to elucidate and evaluate gamete biology and quality, perform in vitro fertilization, develop sperm cryopreservation. Sperm short‐term storage is used in selective breeding, hatchery production and advanced molecular investigations such as disease detection of commercial species in aquaculture as well as biological conservation of threatened or endangered fishes. Several studies have demonstrated that the quality of common carp Cyprinus carpio sperm can be influenced by their health, age, nutritional status, the dose of administered hormone and environmental factors. When sperm is stored for short time, spermatozoa motility and viability as key determinants of fertility affected by storage parameters including the composition of natural seminal plasma, duration of exposure, temperature, dilution ratio if the extender is used, and additives in addition to the factors that affect sperm quality such as the age of male and spawning period. This is due to damage to the integrity of the plasma membrane, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing oxidative stress and epigenetic modification. This review highlights and investigates the recent data regarding worldwide aquaculture production, short‐term storage of common carp sperm and the effects of storage on spermatozoa function with consideration to factors that affect sperm quality during storage. It also highlights the knowledge gap that must be filled in the future for designing methods from laboratory into practical applications of short‐term storage in the breeding program of common carp.