jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
−8 cm H2O, the new paradigm in chest drain management following thoracoscopic lung resection?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Chest drain suction of −20 cm H 2 O has been used universally after lung resection. After introducing new guidelines,−8 cm H 2 O was used routinely for all non‐pneumonectomy, thoracoscopic lung resections. We conducted a review to determine outcomes and safety. Methods After introduction of the guidelines data were collected in the study institutions' thoracic surgical database and subsequently analysed. Results A total of 155 patients underwent thoracoscopic lung resection. Mean patient age was 61.5 ± 13.6 years. Video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed in 92.2% (144/155) of patients and robotically‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed in 7.8% (12/155) of patients. Lobectomy was performed in 56.8% (88/155) of patients, segmentectomy was performed in 11.6% (18/155) of patients and wedge resection was performed in 31.6% (49/155) of patients. Median ICC duration time was 1 day (IQR 1–3). Median length of stay was 3 days (IQR 2–6). For patients undergoing lobectomy median ICC time was 2 days (IQR 1–4.5) and median length of stay was 3.5 days (IQR 2–7), for segmentectomy median ICC time was 1 day (IQR 1–5) and median length of stay was 2 days (IQR 1–5) and for wedge resection median ICC time was 1 day (IQR 1–1) and median admission time was 2 days (IQR 1–4). Conclusion A suction level −8 cm H 2 O is safe to use for thoracoscopic lung resections from day 0 post‐operatively. A dedicated, prospective study comparing levels of suction should be performed.
Relationship between evacuation after the Great East Japan Earthquake and new-onset hyperuricemia: A 7-year prospective longitudinal study of the Fukushima Health Management Survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred in Japan on March 11, 2011, with a nuclear accident occurring at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant afterward. The disaster constrained many evacuees to change their lifestyles. However, the effect of evacuation on the new-onset of hyperuricemia have not been sufficiently elucidated. We aimed to assess the association between evacuation and new-onset hyperuricemia after the earthquake based on the Fukushima Health Management Survey from a lifestyle and socio-psychological perspective. A longitudinal study examined data collected from 18,140 residents (6,961 men and 11,179 women) with non-hyperuricemia who underwent both the Comprehensive Health Check and the Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey between 2011 and 2017. Using a Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis, we estimated associations between new-onset hyperuricemia and lifestyle- and disaster-related factors, including evacuation. We defined hyperuricemia as uric acid levels > 7.0 mg/dL for men and > 6.0 mg/dL for women. A total of 2,996 participants (1,608 men, 23.1%, 1,388 women, 12.4%) newly developed hyperuricemia during a median follow-up of 4.3 years. This study observed significant associations between evacuation and onset of hyperuricemia in women (adjusted hazard ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.32, p = 0.007), but not in men (adjusted hazard ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval, 0.99–1.24, p = 0.067). Evacuation after a natural disaster is an independent risk factor for the new-onset of hyperuricemia in women.
Biomedical optical spectroscopy for the early diagnosis of gastrointestinal neoplasms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gastrointestinal cancer is a leading contributor to cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis currently plays a key role in the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Despite the advances in endoscopy over the last decades, missing lesions, undersampling and incorrect sampling in biopsies, as well as invasion still result in a poor diagnostic rate of early gastrointestinal cancers. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to develop non-invasive methods for the early detection of gastrointestinal cancers. Biomedical optical spectroscopy, including infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, diffuse scattering spectroscopy and autofluorescence, is capable of providing structural and chemical information about biological specimens with the advantages of non-destruction, non-invasion and reagent-free and waste-free analysis and has thus been widely investigated for the diagnosis of oesophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers. This review will introduce the advances of biomedical optical spectroscopy techniques, highlight their applications for the early detection of gastrointestinal cancers and discuss their limitations.
Sentiment Analysis on Tweets about Diabetes: An Aspect-Level Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, some methods of sentiment analysis have been developed for the health domain; however, the diabetes domain has not been explored yet. In addition, there is a lack of approaches that analyze the positive or negative orientation of each aspect contained in a document (a review, a piece of news, and a tweet, among others). Based on this understanding, we propose an aspect-level sentiment analysis method based on ontologies in the diabetes domain. The sentiment of the aspects is calculated by considering the words around the aspect which are obtained through N -gram methods ( N -gram after, N -gram before, and N -gram around). To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we obtained a corpus from Twitter, which has been manually labelled at aspect level as positive, negative, or neutral. The experimental results show that the best result was obtained through the N -gram around method with a precision of 81.93%, a recall of 81.13%, and an F-measure of 81.24%.
Making Sense of Accessibility in IT Design &#8212; Usable Accessibility vs. Accessible Usability

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Internet with its nearly unlimited offer for information, services and functionalities for communication has become an essential part of business and private life within the last years. Recent information and communication technologies (ICT) together with the Internet offer also new impressing possibilities for people with disabilities. However people with disabilities often hit barriers when using ICT and the Internet. Usually, this is not because of the restricted users information perception (visually, auditory, haptic) - people with special needs use assistive technologies that compensate particular disabilities. Mostly, they cannot make use of ICT and the Internet because designers and developers do not follow rules and guidelines for accessibility and usability. Comprehensibility, clarity, readability, high-quality, up-to-dateness and intuitive operation and use, are important criterions that are essential for customer satisfaction, loyalty, quality and success. Therefore accessibility and usability has important advantages for all users, not only for people with disabilities.
Substitution and addition reactions of tricarbonyl(.eta.-1,5-cyclohexadienylium)- and tricarbonyl(.eta.-1,5-cycloheptadienylium)iron cations with tertiary diphosphines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstitution and addition reactions of tricarbonyl(.eta.-1,5-cyclohexadienylium)- and tricarbonyl(.eta.-1,5-cycloheptadienylium)iron cations with tertiary diphosphinesDavid A. Brown, William K. Glass, and Mabrouk M. SalamaCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 7, 2515–2520Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00031a022https://doi.org/10.1021/om00031a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Eimeria tenella Infection on Key Parameters for Feed Efficiency in Broiler Chickens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of the study was to investigate effects of different inoculation dosages of E. tenella on growth performance, gastrointestinal permeability, oocyst shedding, intestinal morphology, fecal consistency, ileal apparent digestibility, antioxidant capacity, and cecal VFA profile in broiler chickens. Five different dosages (T0: 0, T1: 6250, T2: 12,500, T3: 25,000, and T4: 50,000) of E. tenella oocysts were inoculated via oral gavage to fourteen-day-old broilers. Inoculation of E. tenella linearly increased FCR (p < 0.05), and feed intake was quadratically increased on 6 days post-infection (dpi; p = 0.08) and 7 dpi (p = 0.09). Cecal lesion score of each treatment was T0: 0; T1: 0.39 ± 0.14; T2: 0.93 ± 0.21; T3: 1.25 ± 0.16; and T4: 1.58 ± 0.2. Cecal total VFA production was linearly reduced due to E. tenella infection on 6 dpi (p < 0.01). E. tenella infection deepened cecal crypts depth on 6 dpi (CD; p < 0.05). Gastrointestinal permeability tended to be linearly increased (p = 0.07). E. tenella infection tended to linearly reduce duodenal VH (p = 0.1) and jejunal VH on 9 dpi (p = 0.09). Different dosages of E. tenella modulated the tendency of fecal moisture content and oocyst shedding. Therefore, E. tenella infection impaired feed efficiency and small intestinal health mainly by reducing cecal VFA production and deepening cecal CD in broilers.
A Neuroevolution-Based Learning of Reciprocal Maneuver for Collision Avoidance in Quadcopters Under Pose Uncertainties

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper focuses on the idea of energy efficient cooperative collision avoidance between two quadcopters. Two strategies for reciprocal online collision-avoiding actions (i.e., coherent maneuvers without requiring any real-time consensus) are proposed. In the first strategy, UAVs change their speed, while in the second strategy they change their heading to avoid a collision. The avoidance actions are parameterized in terms of the time difference between detecting the collision and starting the maneuver and the amount of speed/heading change. These action parameters are used to generate intermediate way-points, subsequently translated into a minimum snap trajectory, to be executed by a PD controller. For realism, the relative pose of the other UAV, estimated by each UAV (at the point of detection), is considered to be uncertain — thereby presenting substantial challenges to undertaking reciprocal actions. Performing supervised learning based on optimization derived labels (as done in prior work) becomes computationally burden-some under these uncertainties. Instead, an (unsupervised) neuroevolution algorithm, called AGENT, is employed to learn a neural network (NN) model that takes the initial (uncertain) pose as state inputs and maps it to a robust optimal action. In neuroevolution, the NN topology and weights are simultaneously optimized using a special evolutionary process, where the fitness of candidate NNs are evaluated over a set of sample (in this case, various collision) scenarios. For further computational tractability, a surrogate model is used to estimate the energy consumption and a classifier is used to identify trajectories where the controller fails. The trained neural network shows encouraging performance for collision avoidance over a large variety of unseen scenarios.
Part D Enrollment: Facilitating Informed Decision Making

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Some current Medicare beneficiaries and all new Medicare beneficiaries need to decide whether to participate in the Medicare Part D prescription drug program. To determine which beneficiaries might need assistance and what information would be most helpful to them, we examined the distribution of beneficiaries' previous sources of prescription drug coverage and their satisfaction with that coverage before Medicare Part D was implemented. The purpose of this article is to consider how the new Medicare Part D benefit has changed the relative options for beneficiaries with and without prior prescription drug coverage, and how communication with Part D beneficiaries might be enhanced. (Drug Benefit Trends. 2007;19:149-163)
APPLICATION OF POWER ACTUATED FASTENERS TO FRAMING COMPONENTS (PART 1): JOINT STRENGTH OF STEEL DECK WITH POWER ACTUATED FASTENERS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Power actuated fasteners (PAF) are fasteners shaped like smaller construction nails which are installed using a driving tool with enhanced power and are one of the preferred tools for connecting metal decking due to the fast installation time and consistent quality. However, not enough research has been conducted on the fundamental strengths of PAF connections and structural engineers are concerned about their effect on structural components, especially plastic deformation capacity. Therefore, in this paper, evaluation models for the tensile and shear strengths of PAF joints were discussed through experiments as well as observations on the JSSC requirements for PAF spacing and edge distance of both beam flange and deck plate.
Zebrafish as a translational model of Parkinson's disease : a study of microRNAs

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, currently there are no disease modifying treatments. It is thought that microRNAs may be implicated in pathogenesis of PD. In this thesis the function of three microRNAs, which may be relevant to PD, were investigated in zebrafish. These miRNAs are: miR-133b, thought to be involved in development of dopaminergic neurons through its target PITX3; miR-205, which has been shown to regulate the PD-associated gene LRRK2; and miR-155, a key regulator of immune and inflammatory processes. Despite being more evolutionarily distant to humans than rodent models, the zebrafish has emerged as an effective model of human disease due it its low cost, fast development and transparency. A further aim of this thesis was to develop a high throughput imaging strategy to assess dopaminergic neuron number in the developing zebrafish brain, which can be used as a screening tool to identify potentially therapeutic compounds. \nThe effect of both miR-133b and miR-205 knockdown on the number of dopaminergic neurons was investigated. In wild type zebrafish miR-205 knockdown causes a slight but significant decrease in dopaminergic neurons whereas miR-133b knockdown causes a significant increase in dopaminergic neuron number. In a previously established zebrafish model of PD, miR-133b knockdown completely rescued a 15% decrease in dopaminergic neuron number. The expression of miR-155 was assessed in three different zebrafish models of PD. While no change was observed in pink1- or parkin-deficient zebrafish, an increase in this miRNA and related inflammatory markers was observed in both larvae and juvenile brains of gba1-deficient zebrafish. As this miRNA and inflammatory markers are shown to be upregulated before any neuron loss is detectable in these zebrafish, it is possible that miR 155-related inflammation contributes to neurodegeneration. A stable miR-155 mutant line was also generated which will be used to determine whether genetic ablation of this miRNA has a protective effect in gba1-deficient zebrafish. \nA fluorescent reporter line expressing GFP in monoaminergic neurons has been validated for study of dopaminergic neurons. A fluorescence-based method developed using this line was able to reproduce data using a previously established in situ hybridisation-based method for neuron counting. To allow for more time and cost effective mounting of embryos for imaging, a mould has been developed. Use of this mould to mount embryos allows for high throughput imaging of the developing brain. \nThe miRNAs presented in this study may have therapeutic potential in PD through modulation of dopaminergic neuron survival or by regulating the expression of PD-associated genes. The development of a high throughput screening process may allow a PD-related drug or toxin screen to be performed in our group in the near future. \n
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Diabetic Foot Infection in India: A Growing Menace

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is a serious and common complication of diabetes mellitus. These infections are potentially disastrous and rapidly progress to deeper spaces and tissues. If not treated promptly and appropriately, DFI can be incurable or even lead to septic gangrene, which may require foot amputation. Mostly, these infections are polymicrobial, where Gram-positive pathogens mainly Staphylococcus aureus play a dominant causative role. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is present in 10% to 32% of diabetic infections and is associated with a higher rate of treatment failure, morbidity, and hospitalization cost in patients with DFIs. The increasing resistance of bacteria and the adverse effects pertaining to the safety and tolerability towards currently available anti-MRSA agents have limited the available treatment options for patients with DFI. Infection control, antimicrobial stewardship, and rapid diagnostics based on the microbiological culture and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing results are important components in helping curb this disturbing trend. Emphasis to revisit a vigorous research effort in order to improve the therapeutic options for the increasingly resistant and highly adaptable MRSA is the need of hour. Through this review article, we have made an attempt to explore the ongoing therapeutic trends in the management of DFI and highlighted the challenges in treatment of DFI. We have also given a brief overview of a few novel drugs that are under development to treat MRSA infections.
Enteropathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the ligated rabbit ileum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The enteropathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was investigated by contrasting the effects of whole cells, cell fragments, cell-free preparations, and media constituents injected into rabbit ileal loops. Three of 20 cultures utilized were Kanagawa-negative strains from seawater and sea fish. The remaining 17 cultures included both Kanagawa-positive and -negative strains from Japanese victims of gastroenteritis. Broth culture filtrates concentrated 10-fold by dialysis against 30% Carbowax were unreactive, whereas lyophilized filtrates, regardless of Kanagawa type, as well as all sterile broth preparations containing greater than or equal to 5% NaCl gave positive reactions in the rabbit gut. In contrast, crude lysates derived from broth cultures of Kanagawa-positive strains caused loop dilatation; lysate supernatants were unreactive. Lysates of cells washed from brain heart infusion agar were more reactive than lysates from Trypticase soy agar-grown cells. When agar-grown cell lysates prepared by disruption in saline were dialyzed against distilled water, they were devoid of gut reactivity. Reactivity was restored in dialysands resuspended in saline and in dialysates concentrated 10-fold. The agar-grown cell lysates exhibited Kanagawa-type hemolysis. Our data support the conclusion that the rabbit loop reactivity observed with lyophilized, cell-free culture filtrates may result from excessively elevated NaCl concentrations, and that a toxic factor associated with large-cell particles may be dialyzable, depends on saline for expression, and resembles the Kanagawa hemolysin.
TEACHING EVOLUTION WITH PALENTOLOGICAL DATA: A WEB RESOURCE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Over the past thirty years, the presence of naïve notions, or alternate conceptions in a student population, have been consistently identified as playing a key role in the inability for students to understanding evolutionary theory (Brumby, 1979; Greene, 1990; Settlage, 1994; Ferrari and Chi, 1998). Ferrari and Chi (1998) document that most naïve notions associated with evolution education can be linked to mistaken ontological categorizations, where students associated evolutionary concepts with event process (where organisms determine implicitly or explicitly their destiny) instead of equilibration processes (ongoing, nondistinct actions) to which they belong. Research in the remediation of naïve knowledge (Ferrari and Chi, 1998; Bishop and Anderson, 1990) suggest the best way to overcome these “naïve notions” is by utilizing curriculum that (a) assess students misunderstandings, (b) present students with situations that cause them to contrast these misconceptions with current scientific theory, and to (c) gives students the opportunity to reflect on what they have learned, and explore this new information through guided learning activities. Based on this research, a teaching methodology that incorporated constructivist pedagogy with inquiry based methods, and framed the study of evolution within palentological context was tested on a classroom of college freshman during the spring of 2006. This approach was found to successfully identify and remove naïve conceptions from student understanding. Based on these results, this methodology was turned in to a distance-learning tool, consisting of a web based teaching module designed around fossil data from a subset of Kelley’s (1989) study of the molluscan fauna of the Chesapeake Group. The module mimics the classroom experience by replacing the teaching with interactive web pages, photographs, and video media detailing the processes utilized by the scientific community to identify, quantify, and interpret morphologic variation. Web module content is focused on the examination of gradual morphological change documented in two fauna of mollusks, and presented in a cross-disciplinary approach (geology, biology, and statistics) that expands the bounds of traditional science curriculum by bridging the gap between scientific research and science education. In a pilot study conducted to determine the ability for this module to be utilized in a science classroom, naïve notions were reduced by 10% when students utilized web material to examine evolutionary change. These results indicate that while effective at adding to the ability for educators to reduce student’s naïve understandings, the module is not effective at replacing traditional classroom instruction. The website can be found on the University of Vermont’s Perkins Museum of Geology homepage (http://www.uvm.edu/perkins/index.html), where visitors are asked to complete a survey in exchange for content use. The survey is part of an ongoing longitudinal study, the results of which will be quantified and used to improve and expand web content.