jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Development and use of the ICF from the nursing point of view--a position statement of the German speaking working group "ICF and Nursing"].

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a comprehensive and internationally acknowledged framework for the description of human functional health, which covers all aspects of health and some health-related elements of well-being. The ICF is part of the classification family of the World Health Organisation (WHO) and can be used by different health care disciplines as well as for different purposes. In order to promote the discussion about ICF within the nursing profession, the German speaking working group "ICF and Nursing" developed a position statement that critically reflects both the potentials and the restrictions of the ICF for use in nursing care, particularly for diagnostical purposes.
Bacterial composition.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p>Unweighted (<b>a</b>-<b>c</b>) and Weighted UniFrac matrices (beta-diversity) (<b>d</b>-<b>f</b>) comparing microbial composition by (<b>a</b>, <b>d</b>) extraction method, (<b>b</b>, <b>e</b>) sex, (<b>c</b>, <b>f</b>) and dog. Microbial composition did not differ significantly by extraction method (Kruskal-Wallis: Unweighted UniFrac, <i>p</i> = 0.539; Weighted UniFrac, <i>p</i> = 0.743) but did differ significantly by sex (Kruskal-Wallis: Unweighted UniFrac, <i>p</i> = 0.003; Weighted UniFrac, <i>p</i> = 0.03) and dog (Kruskal-Wallis: Unweighted UniFrac, <i>p</i> = < 0.001; Weighted UniFrac, <i>p</i> = < 0.001)</p> <p>(TIF)</p>
Effect of sodium chloride, sodium tripolyphosphate and pH on color properties of pork meat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The myoglobin state determines the color of meat, and most of the additives used in processing meat products cause color changes. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of pH (4.0, 5.0 and 6.0), sodium chloride (0, 1.5 and 3.0%) and sodium tripolyphosphate (0, 0.15 and 0.30%) on the color properties and myoglobin states of pork meat ( Subscapularis muscle ). CIELAB color parameters (Lightness, redness, yellowness, chroma and hue) and reflectance spectrum, between 400–700 nm, were obtained. The different myoglobin forms (deoxymyoglobin, oxymyoglobin and metmyoglobin) were quantified using K/S reflectance values. Both, sodium chloride and tripolyphosphate reduced meat lightness, although the latter additive did not modify redness, yellowness, chroma or hue, but stabilized the percentage of oxymyoglobin. A decrease in pH and the addition of sodium chloride or sodium tripolyphosphate, led to an increase in the Metmyoglobin percentage. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 67–74, 2004; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10215
Internal Exposure to BTEX in Tropical Children: Does Exposure Speed Up Pubertal Development?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) are a common class of volatile organic compounds linked to adverse health outcomes. Although BTEX have been shown to have endocrine disrupting properties, their potential impacts on pubertal development in children remain unclear. In this study, for the first time, we investigated the possible association of BTEX exposure with precocious puberty (PP) and early puberty (EP) in children. We conducted a case–control study that included 246 children diagnosed with PP or EP and a controls category matched for sex and age. Urinary concentrations of seven BTEX metabolites and the oxidative DNA damage biomarker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Compared with the control groups, urinary catechol (1,2-DB) levels were significantly higher in both PP (median: 85.3 vs. 42.4 μg/g creatinine) and EP children (median: 62.0 vs. 48.1 μg/g creatinine). Binary logistic regression models showed that 1,2-DB was positively associated with EP (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.69), while trans,trans-muconic acid (MU) was negatively correlated with PP (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.92), and PGA was negatively correlated with EP (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.93) adjusted for confounders. Stratified analyses showed that the relationship between BTEX metabolites and EP varied by parental education level. Our findings revealed that exposure to BTEX, especially benzene, may influence pubertal timing in children, but there was no relationship between oxidative DNA damage and PP or EP. The biological mechanism of BTEX exposure affecting pubertal development requires further investigation.
Nearest-neighbor parameters for predicting DNA duplex stability in diverse molecular crowding conditions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance The intracellular environment is occupied by a high concentration of various types of biomolecules that lead to a situation known as molecular crowding, which affects important biological reactions such as replication and transcription by altering the stability of nucleic acids. Because intracellular crowded conditions are heterogeneous, a general method is needed to predict the stability of nucleic acids in such conditions. Here, we predicted the stability of DNA duplexes under crowded conditions induced by a large amount of a cosolute at a physiological salt concentration using the nearest-neighbor model. We also extended the parameters for predicting DNA stability under conditions imposed by different cosolutes that mimicked a localized intracellular crowded region.
The vectorial release of nascent immunoglobulin peptides

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A microsomal preparation from a mouse plasmacytoma, MOPC 47A, that secretes immunoglobulin A was used to study the release of nascent immunoglobulin peptides in vitro. Nascent chains were released with puromycin and characterized with specific antiserum against the immunoglobulin product of the tumour. When the tissue had been prelabelled with [3H]leucine the experiments were complicated by the large background of completed radioactive polypeptides in the microsomal preparation. Up to one-third of the released radioactivity in the microsomal preparation could be recognized as immunoglobulin. With [3H]-puromycin as the radioactive label, however, the results are much easier to interpret, although the proportion of released radioactivity that can be identified as immunoglobulin is lower (up to one-tenth). Both types of experiment demonstrate that all of the recognizable nascent immunoglobulin chains remain in association with the microsomal vesicles after release from the ribosomes.
Media and information literacy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 2019 COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the pace at which the world is moving into smart cities. People are going to live a media and artificial intelligence life in the coming “all Internet world”. Unfortunately, the new era is also a post-truth world in which fake news is widely circulated, and personal belief is more important than facts. This chapter discusses the role of media and information literacy (MIL) education in meeting the challenge of the so-called “infodemic”. It puts forward an MIL strategy that includes three thinking skills (i.e., critical, reflective, and positive thinking) and a scout mindset. In handling misinformation and fake news, simply mastering analytical skills is insufficient. It is also essential to eliminate people’s confirmation bias.
Validating microvesicle biomarkers for vascular disease (lacunar infarction) prognosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite of having a good rate of recovery, LACI patients show poor mid- to long-term prognosis, either recurrence of vascular events or decline in cognitive functions. Microvesicles, which are membrane bound organelles released from the plasma membrane by many types of cells (Dittmar and Zanker 2011), were used as the source of biomarker. Downstream proteomics profiling was performed to discover the biomarkers for LACI prognosis in these plasma microvesicles. This study is focused on validating the myelin basic protein (MBP) as a biomarker for LACI prognosis in different groups of LACI subjects by developing a new and simple protocol to isolate microvesicles in human plasma using smaller plasma volumes. Two protocols were performed. The ultracentrifugation protocol was performed and the results were analyzed by using western blot and LC-MS/MS. MBP signal was detected in individual subject. However, no MBP and very weak CD9 markers were detected when the experiment was repeated with less plasma sample. The new protocol, which was much simpler and time-saving, was performed with even lesser plasma samples, yet strong signals of MBP and CD9 were detected. Therefore, we can conclude that we establish a highly efficient and effective new protocol to isolate the microvesicle biomarkers.
MOESM5 of Reanalysis of Chinese Treponema pallidum samples: all Chinese samples cluster with SS14-like group of syphilis-causing treponemes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 5. Number of SNVs from whole genome alignments produced by NUCmer. Only SNVs detected in all analyzed genomes (i.e., positions with the “N” base in any of the compared genomes were not considered) were used in the analysis. Genes tp0433 (arp), tp0470, and tp0897 (tprK) were excluded from analyses. Chinese strains are shown in bold.
Some new characterizations of periodic rings

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A ring [Formula: see text] is called periodic if, for every [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], there exist two distinct positive integers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. The paper is devoted to a comprehensive study of the periodicity of arbitrary unital rings. Some new characterizations of periodic rings and their relationship with strongly [Formula: see text]-regular rings are provided as well as, furthermore, an application of the obtained main results to a ∗-version of a periodic ring is being considered. Our theorems somewhat considerably improved on classical results in this direction.
Assisted Primary Screening Using the Automated ThinPrep Imaging System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report the clinical trial studies for the ThinPrep Imaging System (TIS; Cytyc, Boxborough, MA). Between December 2000 and July 2001, 10,742 ThinPrep specimens were collected at 4 US clinical sites representative of the normal clinical population of the laboratories, including screening patients and referred patients. After nonstudy screening diagnoses were completed, the vials were relabeled and randomized, and study slides were prepared and stained. TIS-trained cytotechnologists and pathologists screened the slides twice, first manually, then TIS-assisted after an appropriate interval. Afterward, 3 independent pathologists performed an adjudication study to determine definitive diagnoses for the nonnegative slides and 5% of the negative slides; the adjudicated diagnoses served as the "gold standard" for subsequent sensitivity and specificity analyses. TIS-assisted screening was statistically more sensitive than manual screening for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or higher (+) and statistically equivalent for low- (LSIL)+ and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)+ diagnoses. TIS-assisted screening had equivalent specificity for ASCUS+ and LSIL+ and significantly higher specificity for HSIL+. Average cytologists' daily screening rates doubled with TIS-assisted screening. The sensitivity of the TIS-assisted screening system equals or exceeds the sensitivity of manual primary screening without adversely affecting specificity, and TIS-assisted screening can improve cervical cancer screening productivity. Cost issues require further study.
Internet Marketing as a Means of Improving the Efficiency of Activity and Competitiveness of Companies in the Tourism Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article considers the essence and possibilities of using Internet marketing activities for companies in the tourism industry, emphasizes their positive importance, which provides statistics on the volume of the advertising market and Internet advertising, as well as data on the economic effect of using the Internet in a particular domestic travel agency – marketing activities, such as: contextual and banner advertising, search engine optimization, SMM-promotion. It is established that now the Internet has become an integral part of our lives, while the Internet-technology has changed not only the daily life of society, but also called into question the existence of large enterprises and small and medium enterprises. Reasonably, that practically the cardinal changes caused by these changes happened in all industries. A competition became harder, and those companies was able to adapt oneself in new terms got new quality changes, and those that was not able to adapt oneself bore severe losses. Internet marketing is one of the main tools of non-price competition, which is increasingly displacing price competition based on the method of reducing prices. That is why the implementation of Internet marketing tools needs further research. For the implementation of Internet marketing activities it is necessary to determine the target audience, make a portrait of the client, set clear goals and the next step is to choose the channels to attract customers. Internet marketing is suitable for any type of business, it is more profitable than visual advertising has been proven. Internet marketing is developing very quickly, and only those entrepreneurs who can quickly adapt to the new conditions of business start-up will be able to win has been noted.
The Technological World-View and the Responsible Use of Computers in the Classroom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper it is argued that technology does not merely represent a set of devices that teachers may choose to use, but more importantly advances a world-view that shapes social existence. The image of social life that technology conveys is not currently receiving serious consideration from those who are rushing headlong to incorporate computers into the classroom. As a result, the possible deleterious consequences of a technological education are not being exposed. This paper attempts to correct this deficiency by addressing the philosophy of technology and its impact on education.
Laser-induced leaf fluorescence: a tool for vegetation status and stress monitoring and optical-aided agriculture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Since the second half of the 1980s several efforts started to establish the laser induced vegetation fluorescence as remote sensing tool to detect the growth and/or stress status of plants. The most extended European project, the EUREKA project LASFLEUR (1989 - 1994), demonstrated the technical feasibility and the significance of the sensed data. Exciting leaves with strong light pulses anywhere in the UV-A region of the electromagnetic spectrum stimulates a broad fluorescence emission from 400 to 750 nm. This emission is separated in two main components, the 'blue-green' (400 - 600 nm) and the red fluorescence region (680 - 750 nm). The blue-green band is originated by polyphenolic compounds of the cell walls, NADPH of the photosynthetic apparatus and possibly by several other plant pigments, except chlorophyll, which is the only emitter of the fluorescence at two bands in the red and in the NIR respectively. On the basis of the photon flux in these channels and with additional information, derived from e.g. the elastic back scattered signal, the time duration of back scatter and fluorescence signal, environmental light conditions, etc. a large set of vegetation parameters could be determined. During several demonstration campaigns status parameters as e.g. the chlorophyll concentration, photosynthetical activity and canopy structure were investigated. Additionally stress conditions as e.g. drought-, UV-stress and infection with different kinds of fungi were examined as well as the differentiation of plant types as e.g. mono-and dicotyledons. Extrapolating the knowledge of the EUREKA project leads to two different main applications. First with an advanced airborne remote sensing system monitoring of the vegetation status and stress conditions may be possible independently of other remote sensing techniques or the data may be used as input parameter for e.g. passive radiometer images. The second application will be a miniaturized sensor for agricultural machines giving direct access to plant parameter and hence the possibility for individual plant treatment as e.g. determining the growth state, fertilization or weed protection.
On Quibblings over Squabblings of Siblings: New Perspectives on Kin Terms and Role Behavior

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Anthropologists often claim that kin terms label behavioral roles as well as categories of kin. It is argued here that the closest relative in a category typically enacts not one role but several and that this coalescence of roles occurs only under typical or ideal circumstances. More distant kinsmen in a category may enact one or 2 of these roles, or none. Thus confusion results when the kin term is used to label the cluster of roles or when theories build on an isomorphism between kinship terminology and role system.
Image_2_Integration of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals the Formation Mechanism of Red Stem in Prunus mume.tif

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Prunus mume var. purpurea, commonly known as “Red Bone”, is a special variety with pink or purple-red xylem. It is famous due to gorgeous petals and delightful aromas, playing important roles in urban landscaping. The regulation mechanism of color formation in P. mume var. purpurea stem development is unclear. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of transcriptome and metabolome in WYY (‘Wuyuyu' accession, red stem) and FLE (‘Fei Lve' accession, green stem), and found a total of 256 differential metabolites. At least 14 anthocyanins were detected in WYY, wherein cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside and peonidin3-O-glucoside were significantly accumulated through LC-MS/MS analysis. Transcriptome data showed that the genes related to flavonoid-anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched in WYY. The ratio of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and flavonol synthase (FLS) expression levels may affect metabolic balance in WYY, suggesting a vital role in xylem color formation. In addition, several transcription factors were up-regulated, which may be the key factors contributing to transcriptional changes in anthocyanin synthesis. Overall, the results provide a reference for further research on the molecular mechanism of xylem color regulation in P. mume and lay a theoretical foundation for cultivating new varieties.</p>
Assessment of Nutritional Status in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered a major public health problem in the world. Weight loss, muscle and fat mass depletion are common nutritional problems in COPD patients and are determinant factors in pul-monary function, health status, disability and mortality. In the present study, we assessed nutritional status in COPD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the Rasul-e-Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran on 63 COPD patients with mean age (SD) of 67.6 (9.4) years. All subjects were diagnosed by a pulmonary specialist and based on a spirometry test. They were divided into three groups (2, 3, 4 stages of disease). Anthropometric and biochemical indices, body composition analyses by bioelectric impedance, spirometry test and determination of disease severity were performed for all subjects. All analyses were performed using the SPSS 14. All data presented as means ( ± sd). Results: Reduction of body mass index (BMI), Mid-Arm Muscle Circumference (MAMC) and Fat-Free Mass (FFM) were observed alongside an increase in disease severity but it was not significant. Significant reduction of Fat Mass (FM) (P= 0.007), Fat Mass Index (FMI) (P = 0.03) and biochemical indices like Albumin (P = 0.000) and Total Protein (P = 0.04) were associated with an increase in disease stages. Conclusion: It is suggested that in addition to BMI, other nutritional status indices like MAMC, FFM and FM should be used for early diagnosis of malnutrition before weight loss occurs.
Assessment of the uncertainties of global climate models in the evaluation of standardized precipitation and runoff indices: a case study

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Uncertainties in climate change projection can originate from various sources and cause challenges. Thus, two specific approaches were developed in this study, for use in the selection of global climate models and in the assessment of drought occurrence. Considering the bias-corrected data, the performance of global climate models was evaluated using statistical methods, and the 14 best-ranked models were selected. These climate scenarios were used in the Long Ashton Research Station (LARS) downscaling model to obtain the precipitation and temperature time series. Identification of unit Hydrographs And Component flows from Rainfall, Evaporation, and Streamflow (IHACRES) was used to model the runoff time series. Standardized precipitation and runoff indices were considered to assess the probability of meteorological and hydrological droughts. Finally, the Bayesian method was used to analyse the uncertainty assessment of drought occurrence. This methodology was applied in the Karkheh River basin and presented the moderate drought condition as the most probable state.
Premature chromosome condensation studies in human leukemia. I. Pretreatment characteristics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The phenomenon of premature chromosome condensation (PCC) was used to compare the bone marrow proliferation characteristics of 163 patients with various forms of leukemia prior to the initiation of new therapy. The proliferative potential index (PPI, or fraction of G1 cells in late G1 phase) and the fraction of cells in S phase was determined and compared to the type of disease and the bone marrow blast infiltrate for each patient. Previously untreated patients with acute leukemia exhibited an average PPI value three times that of normal bone marrow (37.5% for acute myeloblastic leukemia [AML], acute monomyeloblastic leukemia [AMML], or acute promyelocytic leukemia [APML] and 42% for acute lymphocytic leukemia [ALL] or acute undifferentiated leukemia [AUL]). Untreated chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients showed intermediate PPI values (25.2%), whereas CML patients with controlled disease exhibited nearly normal PPI values (14.6%). On the other hand, blastic-phase CML patients exhibited PPI values closer to that observed in patients with acute leukemia (35.4%). Seven patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exhibited even higher PPI values. No correlations were observed between PPI values, fraction of cells in S phase, and marrow blast infiltrate. For untreated acute disease patients, PPI values were prognostic for response only at low and high PPI values. These results suggest that the PCC-determined proliferative potential is a biologic reflection of the degree of malignancy within the bone marrow.