jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Association of polymorphous light eruption with NOD‐2 and TLR‐5 gene polymorphisms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Polymorphous light eruption (PLE) is a common, immunologically mediated, photosensitive skin disease. After ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) irradiation, patients with PLE show reduced Langerhans cell (LC) depletion in the epidermis, which results in a non‐suppressive microenvironment in the skin. Interestingly, severe acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGvHD) occurred in stem cell transplanted patients that showed no or incomplete depletion of LCs after UVB irradiation. Genetic variation in nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD‐2) and toll‐like receptor 5 (TLR‐5) genes also confers susceptibility to aGvHD. Objectives We hypothesized that PLE is associated with genetic variation in the NOD‐2 and TLR‐5 genes. Methods We investigated single‐nucleotid polymorphisms (SNPs) of NOD‐2 (R702W, G908R, 3020Cins) and TLR‐5 (A592S, P616L, N392STOP) in skin biopsies of patients with PLE ( n = 143) and in healthy controls ( n = 104) using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results The frequency of NOD‐2 alleles with the SNP R702W was significantly higher in PLE than in controls (31.8% vs. 6.3%; P < 0.0001), and homozygous carriers of this mutation were more common in PLE (27.9% vs. 0%; P < 0.0001). For SNP 3020Cins, the allele frequency (7.3% vs. 0.7%; P = 0.0025) and the number of heterozygotes (14.7% vs. 1.3%; P = 0.0019) were higher in PLE. The frequency of alleles with the N392STOP SNP of the TLR5 gene, which is associated with a truncated, non‐functional receptor, was significantly higher in PLE (21% vs. 5%; 7% vs. 1% homozygotes, 28% vs. 8% heterozygotes; P < 0.0001). The other SNPs did not differ significantly. Conclusions This study yielded a high frequency of functional SNPs in the NOD‐2 and TLR‐5 genes in PLE. The same SNPs are associated with aGvHD and there are similarities in the reaction of LCs after UVB irradiation between aGvHD and PLE. This leads to the hypothesis that patients with PLE may be more susceptible to developing GvHD after stem cell transplantation, an assumption that needs to be investigated further.
Micropower low voltage digital signal processors based on asynchronous logic

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The overall objectives of this research project pertain to the design and implementation of 16-bit sub- and main-circuits for a digital signal processor (DSP) based on asynchronous (async) logic (as opposed to 'standard' synchronous (sync) logic) and a digital class-D amplifier and their implementation in integrated circuits (ICs). These circuits are targeted for portable low-voltage (1.1 - 1.4 V) micropower (10s - 100s uW) digital hearing instruments. In this AcRF report, we describe our low-voltage micropower circuit design works on adder, multiplier, FFT/IFFT processor, microcontroller and digital class-D amplifier IC designs.
Immunogenicity characterization of hexaploid and tetraploid wheat varieties related to celiac disease and wheat allergy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Wheat is one of the major cereals consumed throughout the world; there has been a radical increase in the population suffering from many wheat-related disorders. The present study was conducted to screen low immunogenic hexaploid and tetraploid wheat varieties. A total of 34 different wheat varieties were tested for its total protein content, gliadin content and immunoreactivity with immunoglobulins of celiac (IgA) and wheat allergy patients (IgE). The wheat varieties HD-2851 and NIAW-917 (hexaploid) and NIDW-295, UAS-428, PDW-291, MPO-1215 and DDK-1025 (tetraploid) were found to be less immunoreactive varieties for both celiac and wheat allergy patients. The immunoblot assays for IgE reactivity have revealed that gliadin subunits present in all varieties are found to be allergic proteins. The principal component analysis biplot showed that tetraploid wheat varieties are less immunoreactive than hexaploids. The low immunogenic wheat varieties are suitable for plant breeding and preparation of low gluten or hypo-immunogenic products.
Abstract 2328: COX-2 induce mediated multidrug resistance by activating JNK signal transduction pathway in colorectal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Chemotherapy is an important therapeutic option for most cancer patients; however, drug resistance causes the failure of chemotherapy and becomes a major obstacle for successful chemotherapy. The overexpression of P-gp has been associated with the resistance to a wide range of anticancer drugs. In the present study, drug-sensitive and multidrug resistant MDR colon carcinoma cell lines were used to examine the role of JNK signaling pathway in P-gp-mediated MDR associated with COX-2. We have found that sp600125, a JNK inhibitor or NS-398, a COX-2 inhibitor, reduced the degree of MDR in MDR cells. This phenomenon was accompanied by a significant decrease in gene level of ABCB1 and protein level of P-gp in MDR cells. In contrast, addition of a JNK inhibitor had no significant effect on the expression of COX-2. Interestingly, inhibition of COX-2 activity led to a decreased level of p-c-Jun at Ser63/73 due to JNK activation. In addition, there is an overexpression of p-c-Jun in MDR cells transfected with recombinant vector pGL3-Basic-COX-2 promoter. Moreover, the intracellular vincristine accumulation significantly increased with treatment of sp600125, or NS-398. In conclusion, our study has provided the first direct evidence that COX-2 induced up-regulation of P-gp in MDR cells, which was associated with an enhanced activity of the c-Jun phosphorylation at Ser63/73. Our findings may facilitate the development of novel antitumor drugs that are more effective against both chemosensitive and MDR cells. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Qi Li, Hua Sui. COX-2 induce mediated multidrug resistance by activating JNK signal transduction pathway in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2328. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2328
Allium cernuum Roth, TAX 2812

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Allium cernuum Roth Accession number: TAX 2812 Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 1990-05-17 Origin country: USA Biological status: Natural MLS status: Unknown AEGIS status: Not included Historic: Yes
Nutritional Studies of Zalerion maritimum in Batch Culture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARYStudies of nutrition and growth were carried out with two isolates of the marine fungus Zalerion maritimum. Experiments showed no difference in growth between flasks which received 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 mg/ml inoculum. One isolate grew on nutrient solution which contained thiamine, alone or in combination with other vitamins; the other isolate grew on nutrient solution which included thiamine and/or biotin. Experiments with reinoculated medium showed that growth was reduced in batch culture by the low pH conditions produced during growth in a nutrient solution containing ammonium. MES ([2-N-morpholino] ethanesulfonic acid) buffer maintained the pH of the nutrient solution closer to the original value of 7.5 than did THAM (tris [hydroxymethyl] aminomethane) buffer. Chemical analyses of the nutrient solution during growth of Z. maritimum showed that ammonium was taken up to the complete exclusion of nitrate. After the 2-wk incubation period, 20% of the glucose and all of the phosphate had been removed from the nutrient solution. We suggest that standard media for the cultivation of marine fungi be adjusted to decrease the concentration of glucose, and increase the concentration of phosphate. We also suggest that MES replace THAM as a buffer in ammonium-containing media.
Statute and Judgment

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Statute and Judgment offers Schmitt’s theory of adjudication. Schmitt responds to the attack on legal determinacy that is associated with the free law movement (a German precursor to pragmatist and critical approaches to adjudication). While Schmitt adopts the view, as put forward by proponents of the free law movement, that statutory law is inherently indeterminate and must fail to guide judicial decision-taking in particular cases, Statute and Judgment aims to reconstruct legal determinacy on the basis of an analysis of the customs and conventions of legal practice. Schmitt’s attempt to show how legal determinacy is possible prefigures later arguments to the effect that a situation of normality is a condition of the legitimate applicability of legal norms.
Auditory brainstem response recovery from forward masking in insectivorous and frugivorous bats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Echolocating bats rely on precise temporal processing of sound, as echolocation calls may be emitted at rates as high as 150–200 sounds per second in the terminal “buzz” phase that precedes prey capture by insectivorous species. High call repetition rates could introduce forward masking effects that interfere with echo detection; however, echolocating bats may have evolved auditory specializations to prevent repetition suppression of auditory responses and facilitate detection of sounds separated by very brief time intervals. We assessed the time course of post-stimulus recovery of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in two bat species that differ in the temporal characteristics of their sonar behaviors: the insectivorous Eptesicus fuscus, which uses high sonar call rates to capture prey and the frugivorous Carollia perspicillata, which uses lower call rates to forage. We recorded forward-masking ABRs to paired clicks at varied inter-stimulus intervals and measured recovery from prior stimulation as the ratio of response amplitudes and latencies evoked by the second stimulus relative to the first. We observed significant species-specific effects of forward masking on ABR responses in which E. fuscus maintained comparable responses to ISIs less than 4 ms compared to longer post-stimulus response recovery times (&gt;6 ms) in C. perspicillata.
The United Nations as a source of international legal authority

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

What are the connections between the United Nations and The Samuel Griffith Society? One is that Australian constitutional lawyers are now examining the relationship between international law and constitutional law. Justice Kirby of the High Court of Australia first argued for the relevance of international law in construing the federal constitutional requirement of "just terms" in compensation for compulsorily acquired property (s. 51(xxxi)). In Newcrest Mining v. Commonwealth in 1997, he stated that in cases of ambiguity in the federal Constitution, "international law is a legitimate and important influence on the development of the common law and constitutional law, especially when international law declares the existence of universal and fundamental rights". The argument for the relevance of international law to constitutional interpretation was pressed in judgments by his Honour again in Kartinyeri v. Commonwealth in 1998, concerning interpretation of the power to legislate in relation to race (s. 51(xv)), and again almost each year subsequently. The argument has generated controversy and has been viewed critically by other High Court Justices. Justices Gummow and Hayne in Kartinyeri, Justices Gleeson, McHugh and Gummow in AMS v. AIF in 1999, and Justice Callinan in Western Australia v. Ward in 2002, each stated that it is inappropriate to apply the principles of international law to constitutional interpretation. In Al-Kateb v. Godwin in 2004, Justice McHugh described the argument as "heretical". Controversy concerning the relevance of international law to constitutional law is erupting also in other constitutionally and democratically governed States. In the USA, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg of the federal Supreme Court aroused public criticism for her 2003 address to the American Constitutional Law Society, which advocated a similar deference to international law in constitutional interpretation. However, her argument has since been supported by at least two other Supreme Court justices in the USA. Back in Australia, in legal fields beyond constitutional law, such as human rights law, environmental law and commercial law, questions concerning the role of international law are evident. They range from questions concerning the predominance of the Executive in treaty-making, to the wide legislative powers that treaties vest in Parliament, to the latitude available to judges when employing international law in the application of legislation and common law.
Linking Economic Growth, Urbanization, and Environmental Degradation in China: What Is the Role of Hydroelectricity Consumption?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Achieving environmental sustainability has become a global initiative whilst addressing climate change and its effects. Thus, this research re-assessed the EKC hypothesis in China and considered the effect of hydroelectricity use and urbanization, utilizing data from 1985 to 2019. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing method was utilized to assess long-run cointegration, which is reinforced by a structural break. The outcome of the ARDL bounds test confirmed cointegration among the series. Furthermore, the ARDL revealed that both economic growth and urbanization trigger environmental degradation while hydroelectricity improves the quality of the environment. The outcome of the ARDL also validated the EKC hypothesis for China. In addition, the study employed the novel gradual shift causality test to capture causal linkage among the series. The advantage of the gradual shift causality test is that it can capture gradual or smooth shifts and does not necessitate previous information of the number, form of structural break(s), or dates. The outcomes of the causality test revealed causal connections among the series of interest.
Fast and efficient process for recovery of naturally abundant chiral synthon: Iridoids from Lonicera tatarica

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The genus Lonicera (Caprifoliaceae) is a rich source of iridoids, such as secologanin 1 and sweroside 2. These highly functionalized monoterpenes represent a new class of chiral synthons for semisynthesis. Therefore we developed a new and fast process to recover these products from the leaves of Lonicera tatarica by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography. Major compounds of the stems where also separated and identified as loganingenin 3, loganin 4, and periclymenoside 5. In the context of green chemistry, this easy up-scalable process represent significant improvement as it is silica free and it replaces chlorinated solvents with water and small quantities of organic solvents.
A Multi-Objective Cellular Memetic Optimization Algorithm for Green Scheduling in Flexible Job Shops

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the last 30 years, a flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP) has been extensively explored. Production efficiency is a widely utilized objective. With the rise in environmental awareness, green objectives (e.g., energy consumption) have received a lot of attention. Nevertheless, energy consumption has received little attention. Furthermore, controllable processing times (CPT) should be considered in the field of scheduling, because they are closer to some real production. Therefore, this work investigates a FJSP with CPT (i.e., FJSP-CPT) where asymmetrical conditions and symmetrical constraints increase the difficulty of problem solving. The objectives of FJSP-CPT are to minimize simultaneously the maximum completion time (i.e., makespan) and total energy consumption (TEC). First of all, a mathematical model of this multi-objective FJSP-CPT was formulated. To optimize this problem, a novel multi-objective cellular memetic optimization algorithm (MOCMOA) was presented. The proposed MOMOA combined the advantages of cellular structure for global exploration and variable neighborhood search (VNS) for local exploitation. At last, MOCMOA was compared against other multi-objective optimization approaches by performing experiments. Numerical experiments reveal that the presented MOCMOA is superior to its competitors in 15 instances regarding three commonly used performance metrics.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE EU TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GLOBAL COMPACTS: LEGAL CERTAINTY FOR PEOPLE ON THE MOVE AS A GLOBAL PUBLIC GOOD

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This work aims to analyze the role of the EU and its Member States in implementing the UN Global Compacts from a specific approach: the theory of global public goods. In particular, it aims to explore the incentives EU and its Member States would have for agreeing on a European regime providing safe and legal pathways for migrants and people in need of international protection heading to the European territory. Although a variety of international instruments contain both the right to leave any country, including one’s own country, and the right to seek international protection, up to now the International Community has failed in its attempt of providing legal certainty for people on the move. This article considers that a global public good approach would fuel the indispensable political consensus to do so.
A vital method for constructing regional ecological security pattern:landscape ecological restoration and rehabilitation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Ecological restoration and rehabilitation should be a multiple-scale project rather than be limited in a single ecosystem, and should include ecosystem or biota, landscape and even region. Landscape restoration and rehabilitation have become important due to widespread landscape degradation, including structure and function degradation. Landscape structure degradation, that is landscape fragmentation, is defined as the phenomenon that functional diversity relationships are ruptured or connectivity is reduced among ecosystems within the landscape. In addition, landscape aggregation, which has long been neglected, has negative effects on the landscape as well. Degradation of function is a loss or the degradation of stability and service functions due to a change in heterogeneity relative to a former state.Landscape reintegration means to restore contiguous relationships among ecosystems, which have been ruptured or fragmented by human activities. This ecological landscape reconstruction will improve functions of threatened or impacted ecosystems by adjusting and reconstructing landscape units' spatial structures; hence, primary productivity and stability are promoted, and landscape evolution influenced by human activities involves in virtuous circle, such as adjusting original landscape pattern, introducing new landscape elements. These two works are called landscape ecological restoration and rehabilitation, which is a vital method to construct a regional ecological security pattern. Its aim is to rebuild a model landscape consisting of several model ecosystems with reasonable structures, effective functions and harmonized relationships, so as to get healthy ecosystems, secure ecological pattern and sustainable landscape service. The method of GAP (A Geographic Approach to Protect Biological Diversity) supported by 3S (RS, GPS, GIS) technique provides an important tool of diagnosis, assessment and program of landscape restoration at a large scale. Degradation or destruction of certain strategic portions, positions or relationships among them has destructive consequences to ecological security. In order to establish a landscape restoration model by effective techniques and to build a regional ecological security pattern by means of strategic positions, it is increasingly attractive for ecological research to focuse on landscape scale degradation in structure and function originating from human disturbance; this is an issue of great concern. However, how to construct model landscapes effectively and determine the critical position for this end remains a tough question.
Blockchain and Smart Contracting in the Context of Digital Transformation of Service

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Banking as a highly digitalized sector is seeking for new technologies to improve the data flow processing and communications. The issues of cyber-security and safety of transaction force institutions to lead in using the reliable digital tools. The tough competition on saturated market requires the permanent renewing of infrastructure and data flows analytics, and the re-thinking of the functional role of banking institutions in the world of fin-tech, where the transactions pass in automatic regime. The cyber-security search, the speed and quality of service, and innovative growth strategy are the essential purposes that make relevant the study of the implementation of smart contracting and blockchain platforms for the cases of service institutions. The paper presents the analysis of cases of digital tools in customer services and the study of the prospects of the smart contracting and blockchain platforms as instruments to assure the increased level of user data cyber-security.
Evaluation of the Bio-Protective Effect of Native Candida Yeasts on Sauvignon Blanc Wines

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studying non-Saccharomyces yeasts as bio-protectors can help find new alternatives to the chemical additive SO2 in winemaking. The present article evaluates the effect of two native yeasts, Candida oleophila and Candida boidinii, as potential bio-protectors to replace SO2 during the production of Sauvignon Blanc wine. Fermentation was conducted on simple and mixed inoculum at two concentrations, 1 × 106 and 1 × 107 cells/mL. We monitored the population of deterioration microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB), acetic acid bacteria (AAB), and Brettanomyces bruxellensis (BB), apart from the final chemical and volatile composition of the wine. The results were compared with fermentations protected with SO2, where Candida oleophila yeast was more effective against lactic acid bacteria, whereas Candida boidinii was more effective against acetic acid bacteria and Brettanomyces bruxellensis; meanwhile, the fermentations with the initial inoculum of 1 × 107 cells/mL showed better results than those with an inoculum of 1 × 106 cells/mL. Bio-protector use did not negatively affect wine quality, equaling the effectiveness of SO2 for spoilage microorganism inhibition. This study reveals for the first time the potential of Candida oleophila and Candida boidinii yeasts as bio-protectors in microbiological wine stabilization.
"Damned by faint praise": A Bayesian account

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

“Damned by Faint Praise” is the phenomenon whereby weak positive information leads to a negative change in belief. However, in a Bayesian model of belief revision positive information can seemingly only exert a positive change in belief. We introduce a version of Bayes’ Theorem incorporating the concept of epistemic closure. This reformalization is able to predict the conditions under which a ‘damned by faint praise’ effect is observed. Moreover, good, parameter-free fits are observed between the Bayesian model and the experimental data. This provides further support for the Bayesian approach to informal argumentation (e.g., Hahn & Oaksford, 2007).