jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thinking about Writing an Aboriginal Science Curriculum

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A child picks up all words by listening to somebody at home (relatives) or a teacher in school. Children first learn from their parents. Mother teaches children by saying words bit by bit until the children really can understand their own tongue and the meanings of these words. In the same way teachers write words on the blackboard, say them and then explain to the children while the children listen. This listening/hearing is the most important thing for the children. When teachers give a lesson they must first explain which part of the habitat they will talk about. Let the children listen to you carefully and give them a good explanation about these habitats around them. Prepare all the materials that you are going to use such as charts, pictures, slides, library books, if you are staying in the classroom. Prepare for an excursion if that is your lesson plan. Show these things, explain what you are talking about to give the children a better understanding, so they will remember this information. The other important thing for the children to do, apart from listening, is for them to talk. There is only one way for the teacher to know if the children understand the lesson. The teacher must ask questions to see if the children know the answers. The teacher must ask the children to talk about the topic to see if they can memorize the information and use the science skills (see Skills section).
MALT: Multi-scale Action Learning Transformer for Online Action Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Online action detection (OAD) aims to identify ongoing actions from streaming video in real-time, without access to future frames. Since these actions manifest at varying scales of granularity, ranging from coarse to fine, projecting an entire set of action frames to a single latent encoding may result in a lack of local information, necessitating the acquisition of action features across multiple scales. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale action learning transformer (MALT), which includes a novel recurrent decoder (used for feature fusion) that includes fewer parameters and can be trained more efficiently. A hierarchical encoder with multiple encoding branches is further proposed to capture multi-scale action features. The output from the preceding branch is then incrementally input to the subsequent branch as part of a cross-attention calculation. In this way, output features transition from coarse to fine as the branches deepen. We also introduce an explicit frame scoring mechanism employing sparse attention, which filters irrelevant frames more efficiently, without requiring an additional network. The proposed method achieved state-of-the-art performance on two benchmark datasets (THUMOS'14 and TVSeries), outperforming all existing models used for comparison, with an mAP of 0.2% for THUMOS'14 and an mcAP of 0.1% for TVseries.
EVALUATION OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA L.) GERMPLASM FOR THE SOURCE OF RESISTANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Screening experiments were conducted during 2013 to 2015 to assess the host status of 350 accessions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita. Based on the number of root galls induced by M. incognita among the tested accessions, six (EC0517140, EC0528391, EC0723686, EC0724523, EC0725122, and IC0253277) were resistant, and the rest were susceptible. The resistant accessions reduced root gall formation by 96-99% as compared to highly susceptible accession EC0724571. Nematode penetrations were also lower in roots of all resistant cowpea accessions compared to the susceptible accession EC0724571 (P<0.05). Similarly, egg-mass formation was retarded in the resistant accessions when observed 45 d after inoculation (P<0.05). These resistant accessions may be useful in plant breeding programs to develop nematode resistant cowpea cultivars
Effect of Fucoidan on the differentiation of adipocyte

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fucoidan is a fucose‐containing sulfated polysaccharide from brown algae such as Fucus vesiculosus, Ecklonia kurome, and Cladosiphon okamuranus. To observe the effects of fucoidan on the differentiation of 3T3‐L1. 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes were cultured and then divided into 5 groups into whose media were added fucoidan of the concentrations of 0, 10, 50, 100, and 200 ppm, 10 μg/mL insuiln, 0.5 mM 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine, and 0.25 μM Dexamethasone on a 60 mm dish. The accumulation of lipid in the cytoplasm of differentiated adipocytes was observed by oil red O staining. There were less and smaller lipid droplets in the 3T3‐L1 adipocytes treated with fucoidan as compared with the untreated control (P<0.001). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used for measurement of obesity related genes. RT‐PCR analysis revealed that expression level of C/EBPa mRNAs inhibited with fucoidan treatment from 0 to 200 ppm in a dose‐dependent manner. Fucoidan decreased the accumulation of lipid drop, and inhibit the terminal differentiation of adipocyte. Fucoidan might be associated with its effect on decreasing the expression of obesity related genes mRNA. These data are suggesting that fuoican has advantages in the treatment of obesity patients with type 2 diabetes.
Holter ECG Findings in Patients with Medial Arterial Calcinosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Medial arterial calcinosis is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.Aim of the study: To determine the incidence of cardiac arrhythmia and ischemia with the use of Holter ECG monitoring in a group of patients with medial calcinosis. Patients and Methods: 22 individuals (10 men and 12 women) with the mean age of 59 years were examined. Holter ECG monitoring with an average duration of 22.16 hours was carried out using Marquette-Hellige General Electric (USA) devices. Medial calcinosis was defined as ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) with a value of 1.3 and more. Results: Only 2 patients (9 %) from our group had normal Holter ECG records, without arrhythmia or ischemia. Complex form of arrhythmia (Myerburg 4B or 4C) was in 11 patients (50 %), atrial fibrillation in 6 (27 %), 2nd degree A-V block Mobitz type I in 1 patient (4.5 %) and myocardial ischemia in 6 persons (27 %). Conclusions: In our study we found significant cardiac arrhythmia and/or ischemia in 91 % of investigated patients with medial arterial calcinosis. Our results confirm the importance of Holter ECG monitoring in this patients, because of increased cardiovascular risk, including sudden cardiac death.
A Low-Noise 2.5GHz Direct-Conversion Receiver Frond-End with Low-Distortion Baseband Filters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A 2.5GHz direct conversion receiver front-end has a 3.2dB DSB NF, -14dBm IIP3, and +27dBm IIP2, referred to the LNA input. The RFI/Q mixers are configured as Gm-cells interfacing to current-mode CMOS I/Q continuous-time Elliptic filters. The filters can operate from a 1V supply and achieve an average input noise current of 11.2 pA/sqrt(Hz), <3% tuning accuracy and <0.5% I/Q bandwidth matching. The receiver draws 30mA from a 2.7V supply. The chip is fabricated in a 0.5& #x003BC; m 46GHz fT BiCMOS process. The active area is 2.54 mm2.
Isolation of Candida albicans causing diaper rash and its sensitivity to pomegranate peel extract

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Many types of fungi have the ability to cause candidiasis, and these fungi live naturally on the skin and mucous membranes as well as on the digestive system, where they colonize the mentioned places for all humans immediately after birth, and one of the common causes is Candida albicans that causes diaper rash in newborns. 100 samples were collected from different clinical cases, including samples (100 skin swabs from children with diaper rash who were lying in the halls of the Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children) To diagnosis of candida causing diaper rash and study of its sensitivity to pomegranate peel extract. The result was of phenotypic and biochemical tests of the isolated samples showed that 76 sample is positive for C.albicans. The alcoholic extract of pomegranate peel showed a great and high ability to inhibit all isolates in comparison with chemical antifungal.
Zorn's Matrices and Finite Index Subloops#

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Zorn's Algebra ℨ(R) has a multiplicative function called determinant with properties similar to the usual one. The set of elements in ℨ(R) with determinant 1 is a Moufang loop that we will denote by IΓ. In our main result we prove that if R is a Dedekind algebraic number domain that contains a unit of infinite order, each finite index subloop ℒ, such that IΓ has the weak Lagrange property relative to ℒ, is a congruence subloop.
Acoustic and perceptual investigation of breathy voice

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although breathy voice is typically characterized by an increase in spectral noise, it is notoriously difficult to devise a computational method to distinguish breathy from clear (modal) voice. The present study successfully makes use of an algorithm, originally developed to quantify aspects of pathological voice quality [G. de Krom, J. Speech Hear. Res. 36, 254–266 (1993)], which computes a harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR). The algorithm calculates the harmonics-to-noise ratio using a comb filter defined in the cepstrum domain to separate the harmonics from the noise. Performance of the algorithm was tested on three speakers (2 male, 1 female) of Javanese producing a word list of 31 minimal breathy/clear word pairs. Results showed that the algorithm reliably distinguished breathy from clear tokens for all three speakers, with higher HNRs for clear than for breathy tokens. Moreover, accurate performance was obtained for nearly all frequency ranges investigated (60–2000 Hz, 2000–3000 Hz, 3000–5000 Hz). A comparison to other methods (such as H1–H2) will also be presented. Finally, perceptual rating experiments will be conducted to determine if the algorithm’s performance correlates with perceived degree of breathiness.
Quantum Theory of Localizable Dynamical Systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A dynamical system is called localizable if its wave functions can be expressed in terms of variables, each referring to physical conditions at only one point in space-time. These variables may be at points on any three-dimensional space-like surface in space-time.A general investigation is made of how the wave function varies when the surface is varied in any way. The variation of the wave function is given by equations of the Schr\"odinger type involving certain operators ${H}^{n}(u)$ which play the role of Hamiltonians. The commutation relations for these operators are obtained (Eqs. (50), (51)). The theory works entirely with relativistic concepts and it provides the general pattern which any relativistic quantum theory must conform to, provided the dynamical system is localizable.
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The introduction explains the role of the Daily Tar Heel, the UNC student newspaper, in the broader context of the university and the state of North Carolina. It outlines the key arguments and themes in the book: academic freedom, freedom of speech and press; the ideological evolution of the university; the political push-pull over progressivism and conservatism in the state; and the role of big-time athletics at a top-tier research institution.
Breast carcinoma associated with pregnancy: a clinician's dilemma.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY

Organoids are 3-dimensional (3D) stem cell-derived cell culture lines that offer a variety of technical advantages compared to traditional 2-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Although murine models have proved useful in biomedical research, rodent models often fail to adequately mimic human physiology and disease progression, resulting in poor preclinical prediction of therapeutic drug efficacy and toxicity. With the advent of organoid technology, many of these challenges can be overcome. Previously, the use of canine organoids in drug testing and disease modeling was limited to organoids originating from the intestine, liver, kidney, and urinary bladder. Here, we report the cultivation, maintenance, and molecular characterization of three novel adult-stem cell-derived canine organoid cell lines, including the endometrium, lung, and pancreas, in addition to previously reported kidney, bladder, and liver organoids from two genetically related canines. Six tissues and organoid lines from each donor were characterized using bulk RNASeq, allowing for a unique, multi-organ comparison between these two individuals and identification of specific cell types such as glandular epithelial cells in endometrial organoids.
SH0944362.10FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
CLINICAL HETEROGENOUS CHARACTERS OF LATENT AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES IN ADULTS BY COMBINATION OF ICA AND AUTOANTIBODIES TO BLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

目的探讨中国人群成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病(LADA)的临床异质性特点.方法对820例2型糖尿病患者检测谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体(GAD-Ab),并对其中自愿参加进一步研究的311例患者,根据GAD-Ab、胰岛细胞抗体(ICA)阳性结果分组,比较各组间临床特点.结果 (1)GAD-Ab在2型糖尿病中的阳性率为11.3%;(2)GAD-Ab阳性组与GAD-Ab阴性组相比,起病年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、空腹C肽、餐后2 h C肽低,发生酮症的机会多,而高血压、高血脂发生率低;(3)LADA患者中LADA-1与LADA-2相比较,具有胰岛功能更差,体质量较低,更需胰岛素治疗而高血压、高血脂发生率低等特点,临床表现更似经典的1型糖尿病.结论中国人群LADA临床表现存在着异质性改变,可通过对GAD-Ab和ICA的联合检测来判断.
Sprayed opaque porcelain as a retentive surface for resin-bonded restorations.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This study investigated the shear bond strength between etched enamel and 4-mm-diameter base metal castings cemented with Panavia EX. Four different methods of casting preparation were used: air abraded, salt crystals placed on the wax patterns, opaque porcelain sprayed on the metal surface, and sprayed opaque porcelain followed by a silane coupling agent. The prepared surfaces were examined before and after testing using SEM and electron dispersive analysis by x-rays. It was determined that there was no significant difference in the shear bond strength between the salt-crystal technique and the nonsilanated sprayed ceramic surfaces. The air-abraded surface was the least retentive, and the silanated opaque porcelain specimens had intermediate retention. The sprayed opaque porcelain technique seems to offer several advantages.
The intensity distributions of collected signals in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy with the combining of confocal and CARS techniques is a remarkable alternative for imaging chemical or biological specimens that neither fluoresce nor tolerate labeling. The CARS is a nonlinear optical process, the imaging properties of CARS microscopy will be very different from the conventional confocal microscopy. In this paper, we calculated the propagation of CARS signals by using the wave equation in medium and the slowly varying envelope approximation (SVEA), and find that the intensity angular distributions vary considerably with the different experimental configurations and the different specimen shapes. So the conventional description of microscopy (e.g.. the point spread function) will fail to descript the imaging properties of CARS microscopy. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Morphological variations of median nerve observed in patients during carpal tunnel release surgery: A cross-sectional study conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital of District Nowshera, Pakistan.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To study the morphological variations of median nerve observed in sick persons during carpal tunnel release operation. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshera. Period: One year (November, 2019 till October, 2020). Material & Methods: This Cross-sectional study was conducted after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Ethical Review Board (IERB), NMC in which people were tracked with mild to severe carpal tunnel symptoms for a year. Less than 24 hours after their arrival, the victims were operated on under local anesthesia in Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshera, Pakistan. Each surgical method viewed the nerve. Branches around the carpal tunnel were seen and documented on a spreadsheet. 150 were planned. The statistics were in percentages. Results: In 150 instances, 102 (68%) were female and 48 (32%) were male. 138 (92%) individuals showed normal median nerve morphology, whereas 12 (8%) had aberrant branching. The transverse carpel ligament had significant splitting. There was a persisting median in three of the 12 instances. Conclusion: The top division of the median nerve showed altered branching morphology. As with the persistent median artery, recurring median artery raises the chance of median nerve dysfunction.
Systematic Analysis of Clemastine, a Candidate Apicomplexan Parasite-Selective Tubulin-Targeting Agent

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Apicomplexan parasites, such as Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium spp., Babesia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp., cause significant morbidity and mortality. Existing treatments are problematic due to toxicity and the emergence of drug-resistant parasites. Because protozoan tubulin can be selectively disrupted by small molecules to inhibit parasite growth, we assembled an in vitro testing cascade to fully delineate effects of candidate tubulin-targeting drugs on Toxoplasma gondii and vertebrate host cells. Using this analysis, we evaluated clemastine, an antihistamine that has been previously shown to inhibit Plasmodium growth by competitively binding to the CCT/TRiC tubulin chaperone as a proof-of-concept. We concurrently analyzed astemizole, a distinct antihistamine that blocks heme detoxification in Plasmodium. Both drugs have EC50 values of ~2 µM and do not demonstrate cytotoxicity or vertebrate microtubule disruption at this concentration. Parasite subpellicular microtubules are shortened by treatment with either clemastine or astemizole but not after treatment with pyrimethamine, indicating that this effect is not a general response to antiparasitic drugs. Immunoblot quantification indicates that the total α-tubulin concentration of 0.02 pg/tachyzoite does not change with clemastine treatment. In conclusion, the testing cascade allows profiling of small-molecule effects on both parasite and vertebrate cell viability and microtubule integrity.
The Art of Revolutionary Praxis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Merleau-Ponty, in Humanism and Terror (1947), addresses the spectrum of problems related to revolutionary action. His essay, Eye and Mind (1960), is best known as a contribution to aesthetics. A common structure exists in these apparently disparate works. We must reject the illusion of subjective clairvoyance as a standard of revolutionary praxis; but also we must reject any idealised light of reason that illuminates all—that promises a history without shadows. The revolutionary nature of an act must be established as such through praxis . The creative praxes of the political revolutionary or the revolutionary artist are recognised ex post facto ; yet each involves the creation of its own new aesthetic wherein the value of that praxis is to be understood spontaneously and all at once.
Study of the Maillard reaction products formed by glycine and D- glucose on different mineral substrates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This work deals with the formation of humic-like compounds, products of the Maillard reaction between glycine and D-glucose, on clay (K + , Ca 2+ and Al 3+ -saturated montmorillonite and kaolinite) and quartz systems in the presence of the same cations. Natural quartz was used as the control while the effect of cation type, mineral substrate and CEC was evaluated. All the systems form humic-like substances that are probably responsible for the decrease in the pH (H 2 O) after 30 d. The type of cation does not influence the overall production of humic substances, while the amount of cations controls the formation of humic-like material especially in the presence of clays. A mineral surface is necessary to synthesize molecules with this high degree of complexity. Fulvic-like compounds are produced in great amounts on natural quartz and their formation is hampered by the presence of ‘free’ cations, regardless of their amount. Humic substances do not penetrate the interlayer of montmorillonite.
A survey of freshwater and terrestrial snails in a predominantly urban municipality of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, with emphasis on human parasites vectors

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Many snail species act as intermediate hosts of helminths that transmit diseases to humans and animals, such as schistosomiasis and angiostrongyliasis. São Gonçalo, a mostly urban municipality in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, has undergone fundamental environmental impacts, which favor the establishment of a range of diseases, for which snails act as the intermediate hosts of the etiological agents. In the present study, freshwater and terrestrial snail populations were surveyed in different environments within five city districts, and the presence of helminths was determined in the collected specimens. A total of 287 individuals were collected, six species from freshwater environment, Pomacea sp. (Ampullariidae), Melanoides tuberculata (Thiaridae), Biomphalaria tenagophila (Planorbidae), Dysopeas muibum (Subulinidae), Physa marmorata, and Physa acuta (Physidae), and two from terrestrial environment, Achatina fulica (Achatinidae) and Bradybaena similaris (Bradybaenidae). Snails were found in only two districts, Centro, an urban area, and Ipiiba, a rural area. Thirteen percent of the specimens of A. fulica eliminated larvae of the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis. None of the analyzed freshwater snails contained helminths.The most abundant and frequent snails were B. tenagophila, M. tuberculataand A. fulica, and the latter two species are exotic. The disturbance and degradation of natural areas adjacent to residential zones favor the proliferation of helminths, jeopardizing the local residents health. The abundance of A. fulica and B. tenagophila in the study area reinforces the need for a continuous and systematic monitoring of the snail fauna in this region.