jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Features of the zonal mean circulation in the Southern Hemisphere during the Last Glacial Maximum

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Characteristics of the zonal mean circulation of the Southern Hemisphere during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are investigated. Using a high‐resolution global atmospheric climate model set up under Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project glacial conditions, the output is compared with the output from a control simulation. Accounting for the biases in the model, differences between the control and LGM circulation are ascribed to the climate of the LGM. During the LGM, the mean zonal winds were slightly stronger at midlatitudes and weaker at high latitudes, implying a small equatorward shift of the polar trough in the zonal mean. The amplitude of the wave number 3 pattern of the general circulation was slightly larger, particularly during the austral winter, and there was a slight shift to shorter wavelengths in the planetary waves. Meridional heat transport at midlatitudes was reduced which was mainly the result of an increase in the occurrence and strength of southerly winds. However, meridional heat transport by the transient eddies had increased slightly north of 60°S.
A GARCH MODEL OF INFLATION AND INFLATION UNCERTAINTY IN IRAN

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper investigates the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty using the Iranian data over the period 1959:03 – 2008:02. GARCH models are used to examine this relationship. Granger methods are employed to provide statistical evidence for the relationship between average inflation and inflation uncertainty. Threshold GARCH (TGARCH) models are considered to investigate asymmetry in the conditional variance of inflation. The Component GARCH (CGARCH) models are employed to decompose inflation uncertainty into a short-run and a long-run component by permitting transitory deviations of the conditional volatility around a time-varying trend. This model examines the presence of long memory in the conditional variance of inflation. The findings show that increased inflation raises inflation uncertainty confirming the theoretical predictions made by Friedman. Furthermore, the findings of bi-directional causality support the Cukierman and Meltzer model. Using the standard TGARCH models, the presence of asymmetry is found in the conditional variance of annualized inflation, and finally the evidence of long memory exists in the conditional variance of annualized inflation.
Pedigree simulations reveal that maternity assignment is reliable in populations with conspecific brood parasitism, incomplete parental sampling and kin structure

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Modern genetic parentage methods reveal that alternative reproductive strategies are common in both males and females. Under ideal conditions, genetic methods accurately connect the parents to offspring produced by extra‐pair matings or conspecific brood parasitism. However, some breeding systems and sampling scenarios present significant complications for accurate parentage assignment. We used simulated genetic pedigrees to assess the reliability of parentage assignment for a series of challenging sampling regimes that reflect realistic conditions for many brood‐parasitic birds: absence of genetic samples from sires, absence of samples from brood parasites and female kin‐structured populations. Using 18 microsatellite markers and empirical allele frequencies from two populations of a conspecific brood parasite, the wood duck ( Aix sponsa ), we simulated brood parasitism and determined maternity using two widely used programs, cervus and colony . Errors in assignment were generally modest for most sampling scenarios but differed by program: cervus suffered from false assignment of parasitic offspring, whereas colony sometimes failed to assign offspring to their known mothers. Notably, colony was able to accurately infer unsampled parents. Reducing the number of markers (nine loci rather than 18) caused the assignment error to slightly worsen with colony but balloon with cervus . One potential error with important biological implications was rare in all cases—few nesting females were incorrectly excluded as the mother of their own offspring, an error that could falsely indicate brood parasitism. We consider the implications of our findings for both a retrospective assessment of previous studies and suggestions for best practices for future studies.
John Campbell of Jamaica

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

John Campbell of Jamaica Get access D. E. B. D. E. B. 1Leamington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s1-VIII, Issue 209, 29 October 1853, Page 410, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s1-VIII.209.410c Published: 29 October 1853
Reappraisal of intergender differences in the urethral striated sphincter explains why a completely circular arrangement is difficult in females: a histological study using human fetuses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To investigate why the development of a completely circular striated sphincter is so rare, we examined histological sections of 11 female and 11 male mid-term human fetuses. In male fetuses, the striated muscle initially extended in the frontal, rather than in the horizontal plane. However, a knee-like portion was absent in the female fetal urethra because, on the inferior side of the vaginal end, a wide groove for the future vestibule opened inferiorly. Accordingly, it was difficult for the developing striated muscle to surround the groove, even though there was not a great difference in width or thickness between the female vestibule and the male urethra. The development of a completely circular striated sphincter seems to be impossible in females because of interruption of the frontal plane by the groove-like vestibule. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that before descent of the vagina, the urethral striated muscle extends posteriorly.
Contingency Planning for Innovative Projects

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The projects for educational reform and human resources development sponsored by international assistance organizations and governments in less developed countries have become more complex and innovative in recent years than they were in the past, and officials must implement them in uncertain and often unstable environments. Although planners give much attention to assessing the financial, economic, and technical aspects of those projects in the planning and design stages, they pay little attention to assessing the ability of public and private organizations in developing countries to manage reforms and implement innovations. Planners must be able to assess the appropriateness of management strategies in terms of the level of innovation the project requires, degree of uncertainty in the environment, and the cultural values of participants. A contingency approach to planning that analyzes management requirements of projects and management capacity of implementing agencies can reduce the gaps that lead to problems of implementation.
A sensitive method for the determination of the mitochondrial susceptibility factor (MSF).

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A sensitive method for the determination of the activity of MSF in the cytosol of reticulocytes is described. It is based on the fact that proteolysis products from the mitochondria containing stroma of immature reticulocytes (fraction I) are only liberated if MSF is added. The reproducibility of the method is documented with partly purified MSF. A drawback is the limited range of MSF which can be tested.
Supplementary Tables 1-2 from Autophagy Is Activated by TGF-β and Potentiates TGF-β–Mediated Growth Inhibition in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Tables 1-2 from Autophagy Is Activated by TGF-β and Potentiates TGF-β–Mediated Growth Inhibition in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Investigation of an energy efficient means to provide electrical and cooling services to a data centre park

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The Singapore government had plans to attract foreign companies to establish their Data Centre (DC) here, to strengthen Singapore’s position as an economic and infocomm hub. This raised concerns about designing energy efficient means to provide electrical and cooling services to a Data Centre Park (DCP). This project used TRNSYS simulation software to investigate methods to provide the above-mentioned services more efficiently. The developed trigeneration cooling system had shown to reduce energy consumption by at least 2% compared with the conventional cooling system. This verifies the feasibility of using trigeneration to improve energy efficiency. A dynamic controller was also used in the trigeneration system to control the set point temperature inside the simulated DC. It was shown that the increment of set-point temperature by 1°C in the range between 18°C to 25°C can cause a maximum of 8.4% reduction in the DC’s Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) value. The associated cost savings were also calculated and presented. Additionally, the variations of PUE values every month for one year were also examined. The results proved to be very useful in determining the peak power demand of the DC. Analysis of the different transmission efficiencies of the waste heat to the absorption chiller for trigeneration was performed. The results show the relationship between the amounts of energy saving with their respective transmission efficiency improvements. This provides a yardstick for the incentives achievable for using a more energy efficient system. In all, the techniques developed for creating the robust simulated system in this work, are found to be invaluable design tools for providing cooling and electrical services to the DCP. It also serves as a foundation for more efforts to achieve a greener DCP.
Training and enterprise performance in transition: evidence from China

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The role of training and its impact on company performance is studied in different types of enterprises in a transitional economy. A sample of manufacturing enterprises is drawn, using China as a case study. The findings indicate that training is perceived to be relatively important in non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs). Training objectives have three major dimensions, namely enhancing working relationships, tackling skill deficiencies and skills development. SOEs tend to focus more on skill development, while non-SOEs emphasize both enhancing working relationships and skills improvement. Comparing the expectations of training and the perceived achievement of training objectives, the gap is seen to be small within all types of enterprises, and training effectiveness is perceived to be similar. The production function estimation shows that there is a positive relationship between training expenditures and enterprise productivity. Keywords: Trainingenterprise performanceChinatransitional economies Acknowledgement The research was supported by funds from the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong Government (HKBU 2057/99H).
Cycle control, safety and efficacy of a 24-day regimen of gestodene 60 µg/ ethinylestradiol 15 µg and a 21-day regimen of desogestrel 150 µg/ethinylestradiol 20 µg

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The 24-day regimen of GTD 60 microg/EE 15 microg provided good efficacy, acceptable cycle control and a favorable safety profile compared with DSG/EE. This ultra-low-dose formulation offers unique advantages in efficacy and safety for oral contraception.
Factors affecting the release and activity of tissue thromboplastin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Conference Article| February 01 1980 Factors affecting the release and activity of tissue thromboplastin FRIEDA JORDAN; FRIEDA JORDAN 1Department of Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth College, University of London, Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ROY M. HOWELL ROY M. HOWELL 1Department of Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth College, University of London, Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1980) 8 (1): 123–124. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0080123 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation FRIEDA JORDAN, ROY M. HOWELL; Factors affecting the release and activity of tissue thromboplastin. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1980; 8 (1): 123–124. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0080123 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1980 Biochemical Society1980 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Case Example: Lumbar Spine Injury, Treated with Spinal Injections

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This Case Example illustrates common questions associated with the use of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment ( AMA Guides ), Fifth Edition, including the selection of appropriate methodology and the issue of whether spinal injections are considered to be ratable events. A 32-year-old male worker in California sustained a work-related low back injury and was examined by a chiropractic Qualified Medical Examiner (QME). The patient was referred for magnetic resonance imaging, which showed multiple lumbar disk protrusions and an L4-5 annular fissure. An epidural steroid injection at L5-S1 was of limited benefit, but bilateral L4-5 and L5-S1 facet injections, followed by chiropractic care, precluded any need for medial branch blocks or a facet rhizotomy. On presentation to the QME, the individual reported experiencing low back pain 10% of the time; this was rated 3/10 and was localized around the lumbar and lumbosacral region and was exacerbated with prolonged sitting or playing sports. The evaluator provided a rating of the lumbar spine using the range of motion (ROM) method, but the AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, states that the Diagnosis-related estimate (DRE) must be used because the impairment is due to an injury. The article demonstrates in detail how the DRE method would be applied in this case. The performance of epidural and facet injections does not constitute a ratable surgical event because these are not intradiscal injections intended to produce permanent anatomic changes in the disk.
Weekly ECT in Geriatric Depression.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fifteen elderly depressed psychiatric inpatients were randomly assigned to receive either standard three-times-weekly electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or once-weekly ECT. Outcome measures included cognitive assessment and antidepressant response. Although both groups improved with treatment, the three-times-weekly group improved substantially more quickly. There was no difference in cognitive effect between the two groups. We conclude that the traditional three-times-weekly schedule of ECT may optimally balance speed of antidepressant response and cognitive impairment.
Man-houng Lin. China Upside Down: Currency, Society, and Ideologies, 1808–1856. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2006. xxvi + 362 pp. ISBN 0-674-02268-8, $49.95.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
A study of the legal protection for elderly employees - A narrative and comparative study between the Kingdom of Sweden and the People’s Republic of China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Äldre anställdas ställning på arbetsmarknaden är onekligen osäker. I detta arbete försöker jag att räta ut och förstå hur äldre arbetstagare är skyddade på arbetsmarknaden genom att undersöka hur gällande rätt är designat. Detta görs genom en komparativ studie mellan Sverige och Kina, där en rad olika undersökningsområden kopplat till anställningsskydd för äldre bearbetas. Arbetet berör och förklarar vikten av ett aktivt åldrande och vikten av fungerande anställningsskydd för de som behöver det mest. En sida består av arbetsgivarens ambition att nå produktivitet och effektiv ekonomisk tillväxt i företaget. En annan sida, den motsatta sidan, är perspektivet från någon som möjligen kan bli straffad av arbetsgivarens strävan. Det kan vara fråga om en äldre anställd som inte presterar på samma nivå som en yngre och modern arbetstagare. Hur är dessa utsatta arbetstagare försäkrade icke-diskriminerande och rättvis behandling från arbetsgivaren? Jag vill, genom att undersöka lagar och bestämmelser, kombinerat med utförande av intervjuer, belysa skillnader och likheter mellan länderna, samt fastställa gemensamma nämnare. Huvuddelen av detta arbete består av en presentation av både Sveriges och Kinas legala ramverk, indelat i olika undersökningsområden. Det första område som undersöks är arbetsgivarens skyldigheter att anpassa arbete, omplacera och rehabilitera en arbetstagare. Vidare undersöks diskrimineringsfaktorn och slutligen undersöks också pensionsåldersystemet i båda länderna. Utgångspunkten gällande pensionsåldersystemet blir att undersöka när en uppsägning kan anses vara sakligt grundad med anledning av uppnådd pensionsålder. Betydande skiljelinjer kan dras mellan länderna när det gäller anställningsskyddet för äldre, men också förvånande likheter kunde också fastställas. Det ska även nämnas att diskrimineringsfaktorn upptar mycket uppmärksamhet under hela studien. Det inträffar en intressant vändning eftersom andra diskrimineringsgrunder än ålder involveras i utredningen av naturliga skäl, särskilt en annan diskrimineringsgrund.
Inclusiveness of Jordanian women in local decision‐making process: Opportunities and threats

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Increasing Jordanian women participation in decision‐making process is the most debated topic in local administration over the world, including Jordan. The objective of this study was to determine opportunities and challenges that influence the inclusiveness of Jordanian women in local decision‐making bodies as perceived by local administrative personnel working in local administration. Primary data collected from (120) participants selected randomly from local bodies in Jordan analyzed by SPSS. The analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between inclusiveness of Jordanian women in local decision‐making bodies and opportunities for increasing their advancement into decision‐making positions at (α ≤ 0.05) except affirmative action variable was not statistically significant (α ≤ 0.05). The analysis also revealed a statistically significant correlation between inclusiveness of Jordanian women in local decision‐making bodies and threats for blocking their access to decision‐making positions at (α ≤ 0.05). The recommendations of this study are that further analyses are required within this field. This might be so relevant to other populations in Arab countries in the Middle East and elsewhere.
Research on Design of 3M3T Metro Vehicle PermanentMagnet Traction System Characteristics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

3M3T metro vehicle of permanent magnet traction system was introduced, and compared with 4M2T metro vehicleof asynchronous motor traction system, the comparisons in train performance parameters showed 3M3T permanent magnet tractionsystem could wholly meet 4M2T asynchronous motor traction system. And by design different whole train traction/brake characteristics,could make full use of the high power density advantage of permanent magnet motor, reduced the max current of devices and reduceddependence of adhesion coefficient.
Pharmacognostical standardization of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt root

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Coccinia grandis is known for its hypoglyceamic and antidiabetic activities. Various parts of the plant have been reported to possess potential therapeutic activity through literature survey. The goal of this study is to identify this traditional medicine by evaluating the pharmacognostic and phytochemical properties of C. grandis roots. Macro-microscopic features, powder microscopic analysis and histochemical screening assist the proper discrimination between species within the genus Coccinia. Materials and Methods: Pharmacognostical studies such as macroscopic, anatomical characters of root, powder microscopy and histo-chemistry were performed. Phytochemical characteristics of root was determined by HPTLC methods. Results: Pharmacognostical studies provided accurate authentication of the root sample. Histochemical study confirmed the presence of alkaloids, starch grains, oil globules, phenolics, lignin, etc., in the root. HPTLC profiling revelaed chemical fingerprint of the root sample. Discussion and Conclusion: This study revealed the macro-microscopical properties and phytochemical characteristics of C. grandis . The presence of therapeutic compounds in the root revealed in histochemical localisation can be attributed to the antidiabetic, hypoglyceamic and antioxidant activities of the plant.
High expression of leptin by human bone marrow adipocytes in primary culture

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Adipocytes participate in the microenvironment of the bone marrow (BM), but their exact role remains to be determined. It has recently been shown that leptin, a hormone secreted from extramedullary adipocytes, could be involved in hematopoiesis. Therefore we have developed a primary culture system of human BM adipocytes to characterize their differentiation and determine whether leptin is also secreted from these adipocytes. BM cells were cultured with fetal calf and horse sera. In the presence of dexamethasone, cells with vesicles containing lipids appeared within 15 days. They expressed glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase activity and a lipolytic activity in response to isoproterenol, but expressed neither the adrenergic β3 receptor nor the mitochondrial uncoupling protein UCP1. The addition of insulin alone to the culture media did not promote adipocyte differentiation. Leptin was expressed and secreted at high levels during adipocyte differentiation. Acute exposure of differentiated adipocytes to insulin had little effect on leptin expression whereas forskolin strongly inhibited it. These results show that although human BM adipocytes differ from extramedullary adipose tissues in their sensitivity to different effectors, they are a secondary source of leptin production. They suggest that BM adipocytes could contribute to hematopoiesis via the secretion of leptin in the vicinity of hematopoietic stem cells.—Laharrague, P., Larrouy, D., Fontanilles, A‐M., Truel, N., Campfield, A., Tenenbaum, R., Galitzky, J., Corberand, J. X., Pénicaud, L., Casteilla, L. High expression of leptin by human bone marrow adipocytes in primary culture. FASEB J. 12, 733–746 (1998)