jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Realist Review Protocol on Communications for Community Engagement in Maternal and Newborn Health Programmes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract BackgroundIncreasingly, community engagement (CE) has been implemented across health interventions, including for maternal and newborn health (MNH). This may take various forms, from participatory women’s groups to community health committees to public advocacy days. While research suggests a positive influence of CE on MNH outcomes, such as mortality or care-seeking behaviour, there is a need for further evidence on the processes of CE in different settings in order to inform the future development and implementation of CE across programmes. Communication, in particular, is an integral component of CE serving as a link between the programme and community. The aim of the realist review described in this protocol is to understand how, why, to what extent, and for whom CE contributes to intended and unintended outcomes in MNH programming, specifically the communication components of CE.MethodsRealist review methodology will be used to provide a causal understanding of what communication for CE interventions in MNH programming work, for whom, to what extent, why, and how. This will be done by developing and refining programme theories on communications for CE in MNH through a systematic review of the literature and engaging key experts for input and feedback. By extrapolating context-mechanism-outcome configurations, this review seeks to understand how certain contexts trigger or inhibit specific mechanisms, and what outcomes this interaction generates when communication in CE interventions is used in MNH programming.DiscussionA realist philosophy is well-suited to address the aims of this study because of the complex nature of CE. The review findings will be used to inform a realist evaluation of CE for an MNH programme in case study settings in order to ascertain transferable findings that can inform and guide engagement activities in various settings. Findings will also be shared with stakeholders and experts involved in the consultative processes of the review (through workshops or policy briefs) in order to ensure the relevance of these findings to policy and practice.RegistrationThis realist review protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022293564).
A Novel Dual Fluorochrome Near-Infrared Imaging Probe for Potential Alzheimer’s Enzyme Biomarkers-BACE1 and Cathepsin D

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A molecular imaging probe to fluorescently image the β-site of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and cathepsin D (CatD) enzymes associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was designed and synthesized. This imaging probe was built upon iron oxide nanoparticles (cross-linked dextran iron oxide nanoparticles, or CLIO). Peptide substrates containing a terminal near-infrared fluorochrome (fluorophore emitting at 775 nm for CatD or fluorophore emitting at 669 nm for BACE1) were conjugated to the CLIO nanoparticles. The CatD substrate contained a phenylalanine-phenylalanine cleavage site more specific to CatD than BACE1. The BACE1 substrate contained the sequence surrounding the leucine-asparagine cleavage site of the BACE1 found in the Swedish mutation of APP, which is more specific to BACE1 than CatD. These fluorescently-labeled peptide substrates were then conjugated to the nanoparticle. The nanoparticle probes were purified by gel filtration, and their fluorescence intensities were determined using a fluorescence plate reader. The CatD peptide substrate demonstrated a 15.5-fold increase in fluorescence when incubated with purified CatD enzyme, and the BACE1 substrate exhibited a 31.5-fold increase in fluorescence when incubated with purified BACE1 enzyme. Probe specificity was also demonstrated in the human H4 neuroglioma cells and the H4 cells stably transfected with BACE1 in which the probe monitored enzymatic cleavage. In the H4 and H4-BACE1 cells, BACE1 and active CatD activity increased, an occurrence that was reflected in enzyme expression levels as determined by immunoblotting. These results demonstrate the applicability of this probe for detecting potential Alzheimer’s enzyme biomarkers.
Drought Vulnerability Assessment of Winter Wheat Using an Improved Entropy–Comprehensive Fuzzy Evaluation Method: A Case Study of Henan Province in China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The percentage precipitation anomaly was used to index the effect of drought on winter wheat grown in Henan Province for the years 2011–2020. Of interest was the effect of drought on winter wheat yield and the accurate assessment of the damage done to winter wheat by drought events in order to improve the risk management of winter wheat in the context of drought hazards. The spatial and temporal variability of winter wheat drought risk in Henan Province was determined by analysis of climate data, winter wheat yield, cultivated area, and socio-economic data across three dimensions: exposure or susceptibility to drought, economic–environmental sensitivity to drought, and capacity to resist drought. A drought vulnerability assessment model, based on the entropy value method and a comprehensive fuzzy evaluation, was developed to assess the drought vulnerability of winter wheat in Henan Province compared with the percentage precipitation anomaly model. (1) There were significant spatial differences in the frequency of the five drought categories devised. (2) Areas in which there was a high frequency of mild drought events were mainly in northern and western Henan and southwestern Henan, with the frequency ranging from 17% to 29%. (3) Areas in which there was a high frequency of moderate drought events were mainly in northwestern, central, and southeastern Henan. (4) Areas in which there was a high frequency of severe and extreme drought were mainly in Anyang in northern Henan, Zhengzhou in central Henan, and Xinyang and surrounding areas in southern Henan, with the frequency ranging from 7% to 9.70%. (5) Winter wheat drought vulnerability shows an overall annually increasing trend. The susceptibility dimension had the greatest influence of the three dimensions, followed by economic–environmental sensitivity and then drought resistance, which had the least impact. The model created in this study shows the influence of drought on winter wheat production more intuitively than a conventional fuzzy synthesis, and the results can inform decision-making in winter wheat drought risk assessment and management.
[Case Report on Jack Ruby by J. R. Leavelle, E. R. Beck, and J. W. Fritz]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Case report on Jack Ruby by officers J. R. Leavelle, E. R. Bock, and J. W. Fritz. The report states that he broke from a crowd of news reporters and shot Lee Harvey Oswald from a distance of no more than two feet. A list of witnesses and an arresting officer's report is attached.
Non-invasive blood flow measurement using diffuse correlation spectroscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) is an emerging method that measures blood flow in small vessels of deep tissue non-invasively. It uses the dynamic fluctuations of speckle pattern formed by photons that are scattered by blood cells. Possible DCS applications include stroke monitoring, breast cancer diagnosis, and brain functional imaging. The purpose of the author’s project was to build a single channel DCS device and validate its performance by doing several control experiments. Several control experiments with simulated particle motions and a subsequent in-vivo experiment with cuff occlusion were conducted. The results generated from the established DCS device were the inverse of theoretical expectation. However, qualitatively, the device was able to detect changes of blood flow. The reason of this discrepancy is discussed in the text. In addition, the author was able to develop real time DCS data acquisition and analysis program which can be used for continuous monitoring of relative blood flow over time. In summary, the DCS device which was built offers a promising possibility for continuous blood flow monitoring. Several improvements on the device were still required for obtaining better measurements. This project could eventually be combined with Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) which measures deep tissue hemodynamic variables non-invasively. This instrument can provide a non-invasive measurement of local metabolic rate thereby enabling more accurate functional imaging of human body.
Element-specific cluster growth on the two-dimensional metal–organic network

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A porous two-dimensional metal–organic network (2D-MON) on a substrate captures deposited metal atoms and metal clusters growing in the pores of the 2D-MON. We found that the growth mechanisms of Ag, In, and Pd clusters in the 2D-MON synthesized from 1,3,5-tris(4-bromophenyl)benzene molecules on Ag(111) are different from each other, and the difference derives from the interaction of an adatom with the 2D-MON. Ag and Pd clusters grow from the 2D-MON since the interaction of Ag and Pd adatoms with the 2D-MON is attractive. In clusters grow inside of the pores of the 2D-MON since the interaction between an In adatom and the 2D-MON is repulsive. The growth process of metal clusters is determined by the element-specific behavior of metal adatoms in the pores, taking into account interactions with the 2D-MON.
Dynamical Analysis of the Fractional-Order Mathematical Model of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The present work addresses a fractional-order mathematical model handling an auto-immune condition against the thyroid follicle cells, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Under this condition, the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) changes more rapidly than the free thyroxine (FT4), resulting in the thyroid follicle cells getting destroyed by the interrupted working process of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. We address the modernization of an existing 4d-model of HT by incorporating the fractional-order operators . The proposed fractional-order model comprises four time-dependent variables namely, TSH, FT4, anti-thyroid antibodies (Ab), and size of the thyroid gland (T). We discuss the local stability conditions for the recommended problem of fractional-order, followed by constructing a numerical solution scheme. We implement the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) on the extended fractional model of HT to retrieve the approximate solutions. In addition, we plot the time-dependent state variables involved to interpret the numerical results effectively.
CDC Grand Rounds: Promoting Well-Being and Independence in Older Adults

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Healthy aging is not merely the absence of disease or disability, but requires physical and mental health and ongoing social engagement (1). As the average U.S. life expectancy increases, recognition that public health can play a vital role in promoting healthy, successful aging even in the face of increased prevalence of chronic diseases, including types of dementia, among older adults (i.e., aged ≥65 years) has grown. Furthermore, actively engaging adults in prevention and wellness along with involving their caregivers (i.e., the family and friends of older adults who provide them with unpaid and informal support and services) can serve to prevent or delay the onset of physical disabilities and cognitive decline. Adults often are reluctant to discuss their concerns about worsening memory with their health care providers although such discussions can lead to earlier diagnosis and better care, planning, and support. As advances in public health and health care have helped increase life expectancy, public health professionals and health care providers have the opportunity to improve the quality of life for older adults and their caregivers and reduce the burdens associated with aging.
Mobile Communication in Romantic Relationships: Mobile Phone Use, Relational Uncertainty, Love, Commitment, and Attachment Styles

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examines the associations between mobile phone use and relational uncertainty, love and commitment, and attachment styles. A survey of 197 college students revealed that greater use of mobile voice calls with a romantic partner was associated with lower relational uncertainty and more love and commitment. Also, the higher the avoidance, the less the participants used voice calls, and an interaction effect was found between avoidance and anxiety on voice call use. However, there were no significant results in relation to the use of text messaging. Overall, more mobile calls in romantic relationships are associated with positive relationship qualities.
Hybrid Vigor

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The ecological approach to rationality involves evaluating choice processes instead of choices themselves, and there are good reasons for doing this. Proponents of the ecological approach insist that objective performance criteria (such as monetary gains) replace axiomatic criteria, but this claim is highly contentious. This paper investigates these issues through a case study: 12 risky choice processes are simulated, and their performance records are compared. The first criterion is conformity to the Expected Utility axioms; the Priority Heuristic stands out for frequently violating Transitivity. Next, the Expected Value criterion is applied. Minimax performs especially poorly—despite never violating an axiom—highlighting the tension between axiomatic (coherence) and objective (correspondence) criteria. Finally, I show that axiom violations carry high costs in terms of expected value. Accordingly, coherence does not guarantee objectively high performance, but incoherence does guarantee diminished performance.
Performance of dual-hop OFDM DF relay system in presence of intercarrier interference

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper bit error rate (BER) performance of dual-hop OFDM based Decode-and-Forward (DF) relay system is examined in a scenario with Rician fading channel on the first hop, and time selective Rayleigh fading channel on the second hop. Closed form BER expression is derived for the case of BPSK modulated assumed system. The obtained results are used for influence analysis of intercarrier interference (ICI), caused by time selectivity of the second channel, on BER performance of dual-hop OFDM DF relay system.
Replicating and extending the political affiliation model of hireability ratings: Suspicion, an enhanced outcome space, and causal chain analyses

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Hostility toward members of opposing political parties is at record levels. To address this hostility and polarization, we test theory outlined in the political affiliation model (PAM), including constructive replication and extensions with the variables of identification, disidentification, perceived similarity, and liking. We also replicate the role of suspicion as it fits in PAM, and examine the effect of party versus candidate effects on expected counterproductive workplace behaviors (CWBs), expected influence on coworker attitudes, and expected turnover in. Finally, we further test and strengthen our findings by incorporating experimental manipulations of suspicion and liking (via causal chain analysis). Results of three studies provide support for most of the presumed key relationships in PAM. In general, liking is a key mediator to positive behaviors such as expected task, OCB, and coworker attitudes while suspicion is a key mediator for negative expected behaviors such as CWBs and expected turnover. Overall, PAM receives substantial support via replications and extensions to new variables that include expected CWBs, turnover, and recommendations to interview to help understand how political forces influence judgments in the workplace.
ENDOGENEITY IN STOCHASTIC PRODUCTION FRONTIER WITH ONE AND TWO-STEP MODELS: AN APPLICATION WITH MUNICIPAL DATA FROM THE BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURAL CENSUS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Stochastic production frontier models are widely used in microeconometrics and, in the last decades, have been proven to be versatile in their range of applications. However, there are few studies concerning endogeneity in stochastic production frontier models. Here we present two stochastic production frontier models with endogenous variables based on the main distributions for the technical inefficiency. We also derive analytic gradient vectors to obtain the best performance at a reasonable computational time cost. The methodology presented here is based on one and two-step maximum likelihood estimation, allows for endogeneity and heteroscedasticity in relation to one or both error terms, and is implemented in R language. Finally, we illustrate an application with municipal data from the Brazilian agricultural census. The results show that capital dominates the production function, credit access and technical assistance are endogenous, and income concentration seems to impede productive inclusion through the more intensive use of technology.
Rescue of folding-defective alpha-sarcoglycan mutants by means of protein folding correctors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sarcoglycans (SG) are glycosylated proteins (alpha-, beta-, delta- or gamma-SG) forming a key structural complex, essential for the sarcolemma integrity of striated muscles during contraction. It is well known that defects in any one of the genes coding for sarcoglycans lead to the severe reduction or even the complete loss of SG-complex. Most of the mutations associated to sarcoglycanopathy are missense mutations and the disease severity is strictly related to the residual amount of sarcoglycans found at sarcolemma. We have recently proven that the primary event in these cases is the premature degradation of a folding-defective sarcoglycan, followed by the secondary loss of the wild-type partners, operated by the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation. We have also demonstrated that many missense mutants retain their function and that the entire complex can be properly rescued by targeting the degradative pathway. The knowledge of the pathogenic mechanism of sarcoglycanopathy has been also essential to design novel therapeutic strategies for this neglected and still incurable disease. These strategies intend not only to merely inhibit degradation of sarcoglycan mutants, but particularly to help their folding so that, structurally stabilized, mutants can skip disposal and traffic at the proper site of action. We tested several protein folding correctors, screened for the treatment of cystic fibrosis and called CFTR correctors. These small molecules were effective in recovering different mutants of alpha-sarcoglycan in cellular models, and notably in primary myotubes from a patient suffering of alpha-sarcoglycanopathy. In the latter case, the whole sarcoglycan complex was properly rescued at the plasma membrane, suggesting that a sort of “protein repair strategy” can be adopted to treat sarcoglycanopathy. Although the mechanism by which CFTR correctors act on sarcoglycan mutants need to be clarified, these data represent the proof o principle of a novel pharmacological strategy aiming at correcting mutant folding by using well-known and available small molecules.
Identification and Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of a Nonsustained Atrial Tachycardia at the Septal Mitral Annulus with the Use of a Noncontact Mapping System: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Here we report a case of a 16‐year old female with symptomatic nonsustained atrial tachycardia (NSAT) originating from the septal mitral annulus. NSAT was induced by atrial burst pacing after an intravenous isoproterenol (ISP) injection. The array mode of the noncontact mapping system (NCM) allowed us to quickly identify the tachycardia focus at the septal mitral annulus, where the contact bipolar voltage map revealed no low voltage area (<0.5 mV). The NSAT was eliminated by a radiofrequency energy application to the identified tachycardia focus during sinus rhythm, and the patient has been free from any symptoms during 10 months of follow‐up.
[GLA-protein of bone. Physiologic factor and new biological marker in bone pathology].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (GLA-protein) present in bone has strong affinity for hydroxyapatite crystals and its synthesis is vitamin D-dependent, which suggests that it might play a major role in bone physiology. It is also the first sensitive and specific marker of bone tissue remodelling. Usefulness of GLA-protein determinations in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of bone diseases remains to be demonstrated by further studies.
Study on the effect of controlled atmosphere on extending storage of strawberry fruits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of nitrogen-supplying atmosphere(NA)and modified atmosphere(MA)treatments of strawberry fruits were studied.The results showed that the treatments depressed the fruit respiration,which treated with MA and NA were 62% and 52% of that of the control,respectively,after storage for 108 h.They also reduced the decay rate and water loss.The decay rate with MA was 38% of that of the control after 108 h storage,whereas no decayed fruits were found in NA treatment.The water loss rates of MA and NA treatments were 8.0% and 0.3%,respectively,compared with the control.It also maintained higher level of superoxidate dismutase(SOD)activity,and simultaneously suppressed the activities of ascorbate peroxidase(APX)and cellulase(Cel),the production rate and the malonaldehyde content.Therefore,the controlled atmosphere storages may be used to preserve quality of the fruits.