jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Highlighting competition for space between Strongylus vulgaris and Strongylus edentatus in horse large intestine.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A statistical approach highlighting interspecific competition for spatial niche between intestinal parasites is presented. Two similar nematode species, Strongylus vulgaris and Strongylus edentatus, collected throughout the large intestine of 50 horses but more abundant in the caecum and ventral colon respectively according to their typical location, were studied. \n \nEcological interspecific interactions are commonly considered to be absent because of the absence of negative pairwise correlations between helminth species abundances. However, the absence of these correlations does not demonstrate that competition is not occurring because similar epidemiology and biology could produce positive correlations and mask competitive interactions. Therefore, after a preliminary Spearman’s test highligting positive pairwise correlations only between S. vulgaris and S. edentatus collected from different intestinal locations, two negative binomial regressions were performed with S. vulgaris as the dependent variable, (these appear in the caecum and ventral colon respectively), demonstrating that the presence of S. edentatus in the caecum influences the abundance of S. vulgaris both in the caecum and in ventral colon. This kind of negative relationship has never been highlighted before because the positive relationship between the overall abundances of the two species, due to similar epidemiological frameworks, usually hides the phenomenon of spatial competition. This aspect was controlled for in the present regression model by the inclusion of the total number of S. vulgaris itself as the independent variable.
Type 2 Bradykinin-Receptor Antagonism Does Not Modify Kinin or Angiotensin Peptide Levels

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract —Type 2 bradykinin (B 2 )-receptor antagonists have been used to define the role of endogenous kinin peptides. However, interpretation of the effects of B 2 -receptor antagonists has been limited by lack of information concerning the effects of these antagonists on endogenous kinin and angiotensin peptide levels. If kinin levels were subject to short-loop-feedback regulation mediated through B 2 receptors, then a reactive increase in kinin levels might blunt the effects of B 2 -receptor antagonism and stimulate type 1 bradykinin receptors. Moreover, kinins have been implicated in the control of renin secretion. We investigated whether endogenous kinin levels are subject to short-loop-feedback regulation mediated by the B 2 receptor and whether endogenous kinins acting through the B 2 receptor influence plasma renin levels and circulating and tissue angiotensin peptide levels. The B 2 -receptor antagonist icatibant (1 mg/kg) was administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection, and circulating and tissue levels of angiotensin and kinin peptides were measured after 4 hours. Icatibant produced 75% occupancy of B 2 receptors in the inner stripe of the renal medulla. Icatibant did not influence plasma levels of renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme, neutral endopeptidase, or circulating or tissue levels of angiotensin and bradykinin peptides. This study demonstrated that kinin levels are not subject to short-loop-feedback regulation mediated through B 2 receptors and that endogenous kinin levels acting through the B 2 receptor do not modulate the renin-angiotensin system.
PIEZOELECTRIC ACOUSTIC SURFACE WAVES FOR A FILM ON SUBSTRATE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A computer program has been written for calculating the dispersion curves of acoustic waves for the film-on-substrate problem where both materials may be arbitrarily anisotropic and piezoelectric. The electromechanical coupling factor Δv/v is calculated for nonpiezo-electric films on LiNbO3 showing a marked increase over its value without the film. Velocity curves are shown for fused quartz on LiNbO3, and Δv/v is shown for ZnO on a sapphire substrate predicting a maximum value of 0.019.
Quality improvement program: advancement of hospital venous thromboembolism--free zones.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Venous thromboembolism is a frequent complication of total hip or total knee arthroplasty, with serious clinical and economic consequences. It is largely preventable with adherence to evidence-based guidelines for thromboprophylaxis. Nevertheless, many clinicians are either unaware of the serious consequences of venous thromboembolism or skeptical of the value of the guidelines. Now, however, government and quality agencies are stepping in with new initiatives that affect reimbursement for preventable events and are designed to reduce the number of thromboembolic events that occur as the result of insufficient or no prophylactic therapy. The development of new oral anticoagulants will play an important role in increasing the effectiveness, safety, and convenience of thromboprophylactic therapy, which may improve adherence to guidelines for thromboprophylaxis.
Brain stiffness correlates with hematocrit

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The viscosity of blood scales with the concentration of red blood cells (hematocrit) and potentially influences the viscoelasticity of the perfused tissue. In this study, cerebral MR elastography (MRE) was applied to a group of healthy subjects to analyze the interrelation between mechanical properties of brain tissue and the hematocrit. We found a highly significant positive correlation between in-vivo mechanical properties of cerebral tissue and hematocrit level (p&lt;0.0001).
Circulating immune complexes in sera of patients with gynecologic disorders.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sera from 211 women seen in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the New York Hospital were assayed for CIC by the Raji cell enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Only 9 per cent of healthy women (two of 21), 6 per cent of pregnant women (two of 34), 2 per cent of women with benign tumors (one of 39) and 5 per cent of women with vaginal and cervical infection (two of 37) had detectable CIC. CIC was present in low concentrations when it was found. In marked contrast, 80 per cent of the patients with Condylomata acuminatum infection (eight of ten), 46 per cent with acute salpingitis (11 of 24) and 39 per cent with gynecologic malignant diseases (13 of 33) had CIC, usually at high levels. In a patient with salpingitis, CIC was shown to be 19S and 14S, dissociable at acid pH and capable of activating complement.
Electric polarization from spiral order below 200K in multiferroic YBaCuFeO5

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ferroelectric materials have been known for almost one century [1]. While their potential for applications was rapidly recognized, the possibility of combining ferroelectricity with magnetic order -preferably with ferromagnetism- has resulted in an enormous deal of interest during the last decade. Several new materials combining both types of order have been recently reported, although their promising multifunctionalities have been obscured by two facts: on one side, most of them are antiferromagnetic; on the other, their transition temperatures, typically below 40K, are too low for most practical applications. The oxygen-defficient double perovskite YBaFeCuO5 constitutes a remarkable exception. Spontaneous electric polarization has been recently reported to exist below an unusually high temperature of TC ≍ 200K [2] coinciding with the occurrence of a commensurate - to - incommensurate reorientation of the Fe3+ and Cu2+ magnetic moments [3,4]. From a more fundamental point of view the observation of incommensurable magnetic order in a tetragonal material at such high temperatures is rather surprising. In particular, the nature of the relevant competing magnetic interactions and its possible link to low dimensionality or geometrical frustration is not understood at present. Although the existence of the spin reorientation in this material is known since 1995 [3] the low temperature magnetic structure has not yet been solved. Using neutron powder diffraction we have recently been able to propose a spiral model which satisfactorily describes the measured magnetic intensities below TC. Further, investigation of the crystal structure showed the existence of small anomalies in the lattice parameters and some interatomic distances at TC. The relevance of these findings for the magnetoelectric coupling, the direction of the polarization, the modification of the different exchange paths in the structure and the stabilization of the incommensurate magnetic order below TC is discussed.
Legal Analysis of Impairment of Shareholders' Rights and Interests in Reorganization of Listed Companies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are many legal disputes related to the impairment of shareholder's rights and interests in reorganization of listed companies. However, impairment of shareholder's rights and interests in reorganization is justifi ed from both legal and practical perspectives. For the pledged or frozen shares, it can be adjusted directly by legislation on bankruptcy. To resolve the problem of major shareholders capital occupation, the proposers should impair major shareholders' equity in the reorganization plan. If shareholders veto the reorganization plan, the court will apply cramdown after taking judicial review on the legality of conducting from substantive and procedural aspects.
Nonvolatile Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistor Memories with the a-Si:H Embedded Gate Dielectric Structure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

An a-Si:H TFT memory with an a-Si:H layer embedded in the gate dielectric structure has been studied. Fabrication steps for this floating gate structure include a simple one-pump down PECVD and a two--photo mask lithography process. Hysteresis of the transfer characteristic demonstrates the memory function. A steady difference between the threshold voltage of the write and erase state demonstrates the programmability of the memory. A charge retention time of more than 3600 secs has been shown. This new structure could expand the application of conventional a-Si:H TFTs.
Purity of G-zips

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $k$ be a perfect field of characteristic $p>0$, and $S$ an scheme over $k$. An $F$-zip is basically a locally free $O_S$-module of finite rank endowed with two filtration and an Frobenius-linear isomorphism between their graded pieces. The natural generalization of this notion for a reductive algebraic group $G/k$ is an "$F$-zip with $G$-structure", a so-called $G$-zip introduced by R. Pink, T. Wedhorn, P. Ziegler. A $G$-zip $I$ over $S$ yields the stratification of the base scheme in loci, where $I$ has locally a constant isomorphism class for the fppf topology. We show that these strata are affine and give a number of geometric applications of this purity result.
Multicultural-Based PAI Learning: Design and Framework for Teachers (Pembelajaran PAI Berbasis Multikultural: Desain dan Kerangka Kerja Bagi Guru)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article aims to provide a conceptual overview of: 1) the urgency of multicultural education, and 2) the design of multicultural-based PAI learning. The method used is literature review. The results of this study indicate that: 1) In accordance with the purpose of education itself which requires a change in behavior and attitudes as well as one's quality, teaching must take place in such a way that it does not just provide information or knowledge but must touch the heart, and encourage the desire of students to be able to make decisions to change, and practice it directly throughout life. man. 2) Taking the principle of lifelong education (long life education), Islamic religious education must also be able to animate at the deepest level of awareness in students.Keywords: PAI Learning Design, Multicultural EducationArtikel ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran konseptual tentang : 1) urgensi pendidikan multicultural, dan 2) desain pembelajaran PAI berbasis multikultural. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature reviu. Hasil kajian kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Warga sekolah yang datang dari berbagai latar belakang menyebabkan pendidikan multikultur menjadi suatu keharusan. Sehingga upaya-upaya untuk melakukan penyeragaman dalam berbagai hal pada warga sekolah adalah tindakan yang tidak tepat. Kondisi juga menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan dan pembelajaran berbasis multikultur adalah kebutuhan di setiap sekolah, termasuk dalam ranah spesfik pada pembelajaran PAI. 2) diperlukan desain pembelajaran PAI yang relevan dengan semangat kemajemukan di sekolah. Sebagai implikasi dari kajian ini, penulis menyarankan pentingnya pembekalan wawasan multikultural bagi para guru PAI. Selanjutnya, diperlukan pelatihan tentang desain pembelajaran PAI berbasis multikultur bagi para guru PAI.Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran PAI, Pendidikan Multikultural
Increased healthcare burden and comorbidity risks of pediatric patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: Analysis of Nationwide Emergency Department Sample 2015–2019

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) describes a rare genetic blistering disorder characterized by fragile skin. This study aimed to classify the frequency, demographics, cost, and comorbidities associated with emergency department (ED) visits due to DEB. Methods The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) was analyzed for pediatric (age <18) ED visits from 2015 to 2019. DEB was identified with ICD‐10‐CM code Q81.2. Weighted frequency, prevalence, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of comorbidities were determined among ED visits with and without a DEB diagnosis. Results From 2015 to 2019, 53 (weighted 242) cases of DEB among 27,223,220 pediatric ED visits were captured. Patients with DEB were more likely to visit the ED in summer compared with those without a diagnosis of DEB (35.7% vs. 21.4%, P < .05). More than half of patients with DEB were admitted to the hospital (56.2%, 95% CI: 39.3–72.5, P < .001) versus only 3.4% (95% CI: 3.1–3.7) of other patients. For ED visits with a secondary DEB diagnosis, the top three primary diagnoses were fever, constipation, and bone marrow transplant aftercare. Patients with DEB had higher rates of hypertension, cellulitis, sepsis, acute and chronic kidney injury, esophageal obstruction, gastroesophageal reflux disease, cardiomyopathy, and anxiety, compared to patients without DEB (all P < .001). Conclusions DEB is a complex blistering disorder with multisystemic manifestations. Patients with DEB have significantly higher admission rates and commonly present with infectious or gastrointestinal complications. Understanding the features of ED visits due to DEB can better prepare healthcare teams and improve patient outcomes.
On Reinforcement Learning for Full-Length Game of StarCraft

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

StarCraft II poses a grand challenge for reinforcement learning. The main difficulties include huge state space, varying action space, long horizon, etc. In this paper, we investigate a set of techniques of reinforcement learning for the full-length game of StarCraft II. We investigate a hierarchical approach, where the hierarchy involves two levels of abstraction. One is the macro-actions extracted from expert’s demonstration trajectories, which can reduce the action space in an order of magnitude yet remain effective. The other is a two-layer hierarchical architecture, which is modular and easy to scale. We also investigate a curriculum transfer learning approach that trains the agent from the simplest opponent to harder ones. On a 64×64 map and using restrictive units, we train the agent on a single machine with 4 GPUs and 48 CPU threads. We achieve a winning rate of more than 99% against the difficulty level-1 built-in AI. Through the curriculum transfer learning algorithm and a mixture of combat model, we can achieve over 93% winning rate against the most difficult noncheating built-in AI (level-7) within days. We hope this study could shed some light on the future research of large-scale reinforcement learning.
Fabrication of metal nanoparticles as catalyst at low temperature and growth of silicon nanostructures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We firstly investigated the effect of hydrogen radical treatment to fabricate metal nanoparticles as catalyst, which is used for synthesizing one dimensional nanostructure, from metal oxide film at low temperature as 200°C. The metal nanoparticles with spherical shape were successfully fabricated after hydrogen radical treatment. Their surface shapes were clearly changed with increasing the hydrogen radical treatment time at same temperature. In addition, silicon nanostructures after fabrication of metal nanoparticles were grown at varied temperatures. The ball- and wire-like silicon nanostructures at 200°C and 400°C were synthesized, respectively. Their structure depends strongly on the growth temperature.
Agricultural Drivers of Children’s Nutrition and Food Security in Mvomero, Tanzania

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The main research question assessed in this paper is: What land use and agricultural practices most significantly influence nutritional and food security outcomes? In particular, are there specific crop growing or selling or irrigation practices that, when performed by a household, help to reduce the risk that children under five years old in that household are stunted or anemic or help to increase perceived food security by the household head? I use data collected in 2011 and 2013 in the Mvomero district of Tanzania in order to answer these questions. Using a combination of data at the household level on land use practices and on the individual level for health measures, I perform logit and linear regression analysis to identify any consistent significant associations between the two groups. My results are varied: some agricultural practices are associated with stunting or anemia, while others are more strongly associated with measures of food security. The number of children in a household is negatively associated with both food security measures, implying that larger households in the region have difficulty keeping up with food demands. My findings point to the fact that there is no silver bullet in the quest to improve childhood nutrition and food security in Mvomero, Tanzania and worldwide.
Sound emission and the acoustic far field of a singing acridid grasshopper (Omocestus viridulus L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT An array of eight microphones, all at a distance of 15 cm, was used to make simultaneous recordings of the sounds emitted by courting male acridid grasshoppers of the species Omocestus viridulus. In this species, the movement pattern for sound production differs in the two hindlegs, and in most cases the leg facing the female moves with the larger amplitude. The sonic sound intensity (the total sound in the one-third octave bands with centre frequencies from 5 to 20 kHz) is maximal ipsilateral to the leg stridulating with the larger amplitude (the dominant leg). A spontaneous switch of dominance to the other leg may cause a significant change in the emitted sound power. The sound intensities contralateral to the dominant leg and frontal to the animal are, on average, approximately half (−3 dB) of the ipsilateral value, whereas the mean sound intensities behind and above the singer are approximately one-fifth (−7 dB) of the ipsilateral value. In most singers, the patterns of sound radiation are close to these mean values, but in some singers the radiation patterns are radically different. The sound radiated in various directions differs not only in terms of sound intensity but also with respect to the frequency spectrum, which was studied up to the one-third octave band with a centre frequency of 31.5 kHz. In particular, the ratio between the ultrasonic and sonic components is much smaller in the forward direction than in other directions. This may allow the courted female to hear whether the courting male is oriented directly towards her.
Rewriting a Demon: Merlin's Changing Characterization in Three Versions of Of Arthour and of Merlin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Small changes in the language surrounding Merlin's characterization in three successive versions of the Middle English Romance Of Arthour and of Merlin reveal that as magic becomes a subject of more fear in medieval society, Merlin's character is revised to become both more demonic and more Christian. (KMMW)
Joint Oncogenic Action of Antimetabolites and 3-Methylcholanthrene in Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

More mice developed skin papillomas from application of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) if they simultaneously received high doses of iododeoxyuridine, fluorodeoxyuridine, or chloramphenicol, than if they received MCA only. The increase in skin papilloma incidence in the groups given these antimetabolites was approximately twofold. The phenomenon was reproducible in repeated experiments. The differences were statistically significant in the total experience, although they might readily have occurred by pure chance in the individual experiments.
Seclusion and Restraint: A Review of Recent Literature

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

An October 1998 Hartford Courant investigative series highlighted alleged cases of brutality and death suffered by involuntarily secluded, restrained, and/or emergently medicated patients. The resulting public and professional furor prompted a spate of new federal regulations and legislative initiatives setting national standards for reporting and clinical oversight. These events provide stimulus for this literature review. Rates, duration, and methods of seclusion and restraint still vary widely. Little evidence is available to guide clinical practice regarding relative benefits and risks of various methods to control acute adult patient aggression; even less evidence exists in child and adolescent populations. Further efficacy and effectiveness studies are needed to address this issue. Various programmatic efforts successfully reduce seclusion and restraint-at times dramatically-and can be used as examples of systematic quality improvement so "best practices" may evolve and spread throughout psychiatric inpatient settings.
Use of beta-blockers is associated with improved 30 day survival in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Use of beta-blockers after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) leads to increased long-term mortality. However, the effect on survival of the infection is unclear. In a murine peritonitis model, inhibition of the neuroadrenergic system even increased survival. Thus, we studied the role of beta-blockers for short-term survival in patients with SBP.