jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The substantia nigra is a major target for neurovirulent influenza A virus.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Clinical and immunohistochemical studies were done for 3-39 d on mice after intracerebral inoculation with the neurovirulent A/WSN/33 (H1N1; WSN) strain of influenza A virus, the nonneurovirulent A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2; Aichi) strain, and two reassortant viruses between them. The virus strains with the WSN gene segment coding for neuraminidase induced meningoencephalitis in mice. The mice inoculated with the R96 strain, which has only the neuraminidase gene from the WSN strain, had mild symptoms and weak positive immunostaining to the anti-WSN antibody in meningeal regions. Both the WSN and R404BP strains, which contain the WSN gene segments coding for neuraminidase and matrix protein, were clearly neurovirulent both clinically and pathologically. On day 3 after inoculation with either of these two strains, WSN antigen was detected in meningeal and ependymal areas, neurons of circumventricular regions, the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, the substantia nigra zona compacta, and the ventral tegmental area. On day 7, meningeal reactions and neuronal staining were still seen, and advanced accumulation of the viral antigen was evident in the substantia nigra zona compacta and hippocampus. Double immunostaining demonstrated that the WSN antigen was only seen in neurons and not in microglia or reactive astrocytes. Immunostaining for the lectin maackia amurensis agglutinin, which recognizes the Neu5Ac alpha 2,3 Gal sequence, which serves as a binding site for influenza A virus on target cell membranes, showed that positive staining was localized in the ventral substantia nigra and hippocampus. These results suggest that neurovirulent influenza A viruses could be one of the causative agents for postencephalitic parkinsonism.
Proton-ionizable Macrocycles Containing 1,2,4-Triazole and 4-Amino-1,2,4-triazole Subunits

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Macrocycles 2 and Zb, containing a proton-ionizable 1,2,4triazole subcyclic unit, haveTeen obtained f m the appropriate 3.5disubstituted N-amino-1.2.4-triazoles and tetraethyleneglycol derivatives.The N-amino function was used as a protective group in the macrocyclization step.The method allowed the preparation of the chiral macrocycle 2 in three steps, from 2-lactic acid, in high optical purity and an overall yield of 16%.Triazolyl lone pairs of the macrocycles 2a and 2b, and of their N-aminated precursors &and lb, participate irthe cGplexation of Eu(fod1 and Pr(fodl , as well the crown ether moieties, but not N-amin8 groups whlch, when present, were found to be inside the cavity.Ion transport rates towards alkali-metal ions through a bulky chloroform phase were low and showed little selectivity.Crown compounds containing proton-ionizable functional groups have recently proved of interest in cmplexation, extraction, and transport of ions without requiring an independent counterion.The ionizable group can be attached to the ring as a pendant arm, or directly incorporated into the macrocyclic framework.Examples of the former approach, with carboxylic acids as the proton-ionizable functions have been studied mostly by Bartsch 61.,1r2whereas macrocycles containing an ionizable heterocyclic subunit within the cavity have been extensively developed more recently by Bradshaw, Izatt, and their coworkers at Brigham Young University.The heterocycles so far incorporated belong only to the 4-hydroxypyridine3-' and 1.2.4-triazole '-lo series, and the crowns synthesized were at first of the diester-polyether type (I) .3'6'8r9Despite the ease of access to structures of type (11 (high-dilution cyclization from the heterocyclic diesters or diacyl chlorides), diester-palyether heterocyclic c r m s were not devoid of scone inconvenients.Although they were found to form stable complexes with mines, annonium salts, and even water molecules, the proneness of the ester functions to hydrolyze in basic or acidic aqueous media make them unsuitable ' 47.
‘Dreadful Women’: Vampires and Storytellers in Mary E. Wilkins Freeman's ‘Luella Miller’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Mary E. Wilkins Freeman's ‘Luella Miller’ is the most critically acclaimed and puzzling story in her 1903 The Wind in the Rose-Bush and Other Stories of the Supernatural. As described by the tale's storyteller, Lydia Anderson, Luella Miller is a parasitic creature who drains those closest to her of their life force, leading many scholars to label Luella ‘vampire’ despite the many ways Lydia Anderson's storytelling runs counter to literary vampire conventions. Even so, Freeman's haunting tale of death and community paranoia strikingly mirrors the claustrophobic small-town New England that Freeman knew intimately and depicted unflinchingly. Tapping into pervasive rural folklore, Lydia Anderson casts Luella as a ‘New England Vampire,’ a figure that served important social and psychological functions throughout backwoods New England. Ultimately, Freeman's ‘vampires’ expose how easily – and disastrously – unconventional women are transformed into ‘dreadful women’ in this closed, cannibalistic world.
Realities of Ukrainian industrial enterprises on the way to smartization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Introduction. The onset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is already affecting all processes of humanity, in all spheres, at all levels. The industry is the driving force behind sustainable development. However, with technological advances in a few years, a completely new era will emerge that will change significant business processes, introduce new business models, use scarce resources and economically adapted products. Ukrainian enterprises do not stand aside from this process, but they do little to investigate the extent to which Ukrainian enterprises are ready for FIRs to emerge. The purpose of the paper is to explore the achievements of Ukrainian industrial enterprises on the road to smartization. Results. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is expected to turn manufacturing into a driving force for global development radically. Ukraine does not stand aside: in September 2015, at the 70th session of the UN General Assembly in New York, the UN Summit on Sustainable Development and the Adoption of the Post-2015 Development Agenda approved new benchmarks. Ukraine, like other UN member states, has joined the global process of sustainable development. To establish a strategic framework for Ukraine's national development for the period up to 2030, an inclusive process of adapting sustainable development goals has been initiated on the basis of the principle "No one left alone". Each global objective was considered in light of the specific nature of national development. Many goals have the same vector orientation as in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Industry 4.0 movement in Ukraine was also created. Thus, we see that Ukraine is also moving towards the implementation of CRD, namely to promote the development and use of innovation; economical use of resources (conversion of production that requires fewer resources, more efficient and re-use); increasing the technological potential of industrial sectors. Promoting the rapid development of high- and medium-high-tech areas of manufacturing and high-tech engineering should be noted among national specifics. Conclusion. In Ukraine, on the one hand, few existing technologies that provide high productivity, on the other hand, are above reasonable and highly skilled human resources that are currently being used by other countries. Thus, Ukraine needs to take advantage of the window of opportunity - to apply "jumping". However, even if one country or one company in the country accepts the choice to jump, it should be carefully managed because it has both potential and risks. That is, "jumping" must be reasonable, smart.
Measuring Pilot Workload in a Moving-base Simulator. Part 2: Building Levels of Workload

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Pilot behavior in flight simulators often use a secondary task as an index of workload. His routine to regard flying as the primary task and some less complex task as the secondary task. While this assumption is quite reasonable for most secondary tasks used to study mental workload in aircraft, the treatment of flying a simulator through some carefully crafted flight scenario as a unitary task is less justified. The present research acknowledges that total mental workload depends upon the specific nature of the sub-tasks that a pilot must complete as a first approximation, flight tasks were divided into three levels of complexity. The simplest level (called the Base Level) requires elementary maneuvers that do not utilize all the degrees of freedom of which an aircraft, or a moving-base simulator; is capable. The second level (called the Paired Level) requires the pilot to simultaneously execute two Base Level tasks. The third level (called the Complex Level) imposes three simultaneous constraints upon the pilot.
Comparative performance of Bt cotton with some elite conventional cotton cultivars under arid to semi-arid conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

oN, longitude 72.36 o E and altitude 157.65 m. The results revealed that plant growth parameters like plant height, number of bolls plant -1 and seed cotton weight boll1 , were differed significantly (P < 0.05) among Bt and non-Bt cotton cultivars. Seed cotton yield and fiber quality parameters such as maturity percentage, micronaire value, staple length, fiber strength and virus infection percentage were also significantly (P < 0.05) different among different cultivars. Bt -1 21 had maximum value for seed cotton weight boll-1 and maturity percentage and produced 26% higher seed cotton yield than all other cultivars. Furthermore, it also showed 58% less cotton leaf curl virus infection compared to other cultivars. BH-162 produced fiber with maximum length and fineness but it appeared most vulnerable to virus attack. It was concluded that Bt -1 21 performed best in most of the studied traits than other cultivars and may be recommended for cultivation in areas having arid to semi-arid climatic conditions.
Synthesis and characterization of AgFeO2 delafossite with non-stoichiometric silver concentration

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The simple co-precipitation method was used to prepare Ag x FeO 2 delafossite with non-stoichiometric silver concentration in the range of x = 0.05-1. The obtained material was investigated using X-ray powder diffraction and 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy at room temperature. The structural and hyperfi ne interaction parameters were recognized in relation with decreasing silver concentration. The study revealed that the delafossite structure of Ag x FeO 2 was maintained up to x = 0.9; as the range of silver concentration was decreased to 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.8, a mixture of AgFeO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 or/and FeOOH was formed.
LEARNING FROM NATURE, UNDERSTANDING FROM THE HEART: ANALYSIS OF HUMANISTIC CHARACTERISTICS IN CLASSICAL GARDENS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When discussing classical gardens, the unity of heaven and humanity is a crucial characteristic. Heaven represents natural style, while humanity represents humanistic features. Chinese classical garden art, as a carrier of traditional culture, has a long history and profound connotations. The design concept of "unity between heaven and humanity" permeates every aspect of classical gardens, remaining timeless and providing important reference value for modern residential environment design. This paper focuses on analyzing the "humanistic characteristics" within the "unity of heaven and humanity" in classical gardens through their artistic themes and painterly qualities, aiming to bring the philosophical contemplation of natural landscapes back into people's vision, reviving historical warmth, humanistic care, and the wisdom of landscapes. KEYWORDS: Classical gardens; Humanistic characteristics; Artistic themes; Poetic and painterly qualities
On the Behaviour of High Polymer in Solutions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ポリビニルアルコール (PVA) 水溶液は粘度が時間的に上昇し, ある濃度以上ではついにゲル化する。その機作を明らかにする目的をもって, 種々の條件でつくったゲルの見かけの融点とPVA濃度との関係およびその水溶液の見かけの粘度の時問的変化を種々の濃度, 温度について測定した。ゲルの見かけの融点Tmと濃度Cとの間にはPVA2209/lまでの濃度範囲では1og C=ΔH/RTm+Constantなる関係が成立し, これから計算されるΔHは8.8kcal/molである。これは大体水素結合1～2個に相当し, したがって少なくとも稀薄なゲルにおいては高分子銀は水素結合1～2個程度の強さで結びつけられ網状構造をつくっていると考えられる。見かけの粘度はある濃度以上では明らかに時間とともに上昇するが, かなり顕著なチクソトロピーを示す。これらのことからゲル化の初期段階と考えられる溶液のagingはおそらくPVA分子間の弱い結合によるのであろうと想像される。
An apPEAling new therapeutic for ulcerative colitis?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

P Finn IBD includes Crohn’s Disease and ulcera-tive colitis (UC), which are multifaceted chronic inflammatory conditions. Their aetiology is thought to involve the inter-action of genetic, immunological and envir-onmental factors. Current therapeutics have not succeeded in eliminating the burden of these diseases. Some are associated with side effects, which themselves can cause dis-comfort for the patient, leading to a decrease in compliance and a return to the status quo prior to medication. In addition, the cost of current therapeutics is very high.1 All of these considerations require
The Impact of Student Editing and Error-based Instruction on Writing in a Fourth-Grade Classroom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the action research project was to determine the impact of self- and peer-editing and error-based instruction on student writing. The study took place in a fourth-grade classroom. There were 22 students who participated in the study. Data was collected through a writing self-reflection, weekly pre- and post- writing samples, an editing checklist, and an error tally sheet. Data was also collected through teacher observations. The results indicated that self- and peer-editing strategies along with error-based instruction had a positive impact on student writing. Although errors continued to persist within the students’ writing at the end of the study, the students were more aware of their writing skills. The implication is that writing needs to be viewed by students and teachers as a continuous process, analyzing and reanalyzing students’ work to guide instruction and practice.\nKeywords: student writing, self-editing, peer-editing, error-based instruction
Laser Assisted Additive Manufacturing of CPW mm-Wave Interdigital Capacitors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new fabrication approach for passive lumped interdigital capacitors is demonstrated for integration in microwave and mm-wave systems. Laser machining is combined with fused deposition modeling and micro-dispensing in order to enhance the performance of additively manufactured (AM) passive devices. Capacitances up to 0.3 pF and 0.5 pF are achieved at 5 GHz and 30 GHz, respectively. Measured and simulated data from different devices show maximum Q-factors and self-resonant frequencies of 750 and 120 GHz, respectively, representing a significant improvement when compared with previously demonstrated AM passive elements.
[A comparison of East German and West German probands: emotionality and objective personality variables].

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Data from a joint research project between the University of Trier and the Humboldt University Berlin of personality dimensions were compared and analyzed. Since Germany was separated for forty years, studies of the general population are necessary in order to yield possible cultural differences. In the present comparison we analyzed personality constructs like anxiety, curiosity, anger and anger expression as well as variables of objective personality tests. The sample from the former western German states contained N = 109 persons. As a basis for comparison, we selected a parallized matched sample (n = 109) from the new eastern German states out of a larger sample (N = 586). The main results were as follows: (1) reliability (consistency) and factor structure of the measures are similar for both samples. This equivalency is the formal prerequisite for a comparison. (2) There are substantial differential effects between eastern and western samples. Wellness as well as emotionality also show different results considerable with regard to age and sex.
LHD TESPEL #131177.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Tracer-Encapsulated Solid Pellet(TESPEL) is a double-layered impurity pellet, which basically consists of polystyrene polymer (-CH(C6H5)CH2-) as an outer shell and tracer particles as a core. TESPEL can be utilized for various physics-oriented experiments, e.g. impurity injection for the perturbative impurity transport, induction of a cold pulse propagation.
Exploring visual scenes: A cognitive ethology approach

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In a series of experiments we examined the subjective experience of controlling (or not controlling) the exploration of different visual scenes. The content of each scene (32.5 cm X 24.5 cm) could only be perceived through a window that revealed a subsection of the underlying picture. The window could be small (1.5 cm X 1.5 cm) and provide the highest resolution view of the picture (1024 pixels X 768 pixels); the window could be medium-size (4.5 cm X 4.5 cm) with a view of a lower resolution, more blocky image (original image coarse quantized to 16 pixels/ block); or the window could be large (9.0 cm X 9.0 cm) but with the poorest resolution (original image coarse quantized to 64 pixels/block). Participants in an “active group” controlled both the sizing and positioning of the window. They could explore a picture for as long as they liked or for only 15 seconds. Participants in a “passive group” were yoked to members in the active group, so that passive participants could only see the picture through the window that their matched active member was controlling. All participants were required to write a description of the picture following their exploration of each scene. After seeing all the scenes they rated on a 9-point scale: (1) how much information could be extracted from the pictures, (2) whether the viewing time was adequate, and (3) whether the movement and sizing of the window were systematic. The results showed that ratings of information extraction and viewing time were equivalent across the active and passive groups. In contrast, active participants rated the window sizing and movement as being significantly more systematic than passive participants. Together our data indicate that control and information extraction are separable in visual exploration, with control enhancing perceived systematicity but not information extraction.
Diabetes in Old Age

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This chapter reviews the phenotype of diabetes in old age and addresses the key areas and special considerations for the care of older people with diabetes to meet their complex needs. Diabetes in old age is linked to increased insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion, with a principal defect of insulin resistance in individuals with obesity and insulin secretion in those who are lean. The diagnostic criteria for diabetes are the same irrespective of age. Older people are a highly heterogeneous population, ranging from a fit person living in the community to a frail individual with multiple comorbidities living in a care home. Management should therefore be individualized, with variable metabolic targets from optimal glycaemic levels in fit individuals to a conservative approach in frail ones. More attention should be focused on optimal management of undernutrition in frail older people by improving nutrition and physical activity to maintain muscle mass and improve overall function.
Rationale for Treatment of Hyperglyceridemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Editorial1 October 1963Rationale for Treatment of HyperglyceridemiaMARGARET J. ALBRINK, M.D.MARGARET J. ALBRINK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-59-4-581 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe chairman of the Board of a large and successful industrial organization once told me the secret of his success in the business world. "As soon as I am 60 per cent sure," he said, "I take action. If I had waited until I was 100 per cent sure, I would still be delivering newspapers." He then proceeded to level a tirade of criticism against the members of the medical profession for withholding information from the public on the—to him—poor excuse that they were not 100 per cent sure of how to prevent coronary artery disease. Whether or not he...References1. VASTESSAEGERDELCOURT MMR: The natural history of atherosclerosis. Circulation 26: 841, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. WATERS LL: Studies on the pathogenesis of vascular disease: The effect of a short-term, cholesterol-rich diet on inflammatory lesions of the coronary arteries of dogs. Yale J. Biol. Med. 35: 113, 1962. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. BÖTTCHERBOELSMA-VAN HOUTEROMENY-WACHTERTER HAARWOODFORDVAN GENT CJECCFBCM: Lipid and fatty acid composition of coronary and cerebral arteries at different stages of atherosclerosis. Lancet ii. 1162, 1960. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. ALBRINK MJ: Triglycerides, lipoproteins and coronary artery disease. Arch. Intern. Med. (Chicago) 109: 345, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. ALBRINKMEIGSMAN MJJWEB: Serum lipids, hypertension and coronary artery disease. Amer. J. Med. 31: 4, 1961. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. AHRENSHIRSCHEOETTEFARQUHARSTEIN EHJAJWY: Carbohydrate-induced and fat-induced lipemia. Trans. Ass. Amer. Physicians 74: 134, 1961. MedlineGoogle Scholar7. : Evaluation of serum lipoprotein and cholesterol measurements as predictors of clinical complications of atherosclerosis. Circulation 14: 691, 1956. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARGARET J. ALBRINK, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byManagement of the Hyperlipidemic PatientChapter 16. AtherosclerosisThe epidemiology of coronary heart diseaseSerum lipid changes following myocardial infarctionSerum Lipids and Glucose Tolerance in Subjects with a Family History of Diabetes MellitusFactors Affecting Lipoprotein Metabolism1 1This work was supported by grants from the Public Health Service (HE 08727-01) and from the Chicago and Illinois Heart Associations.2 2Literature published after June 30, 1964, is not included in this survey. 1 October 1963Volume 59, Issue 4Page: 581-584KeywordsStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Bent Diamond Crystals and Multilayer Based Optics at the new 5-Station Protein Crystallography Beamline ‘Cassiopeia’ at MAX-lab

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new 5-station beamline for protein crystallography is being commissioned at the Swedish synchrotron light source MAX-II at Lund University. Of the 2K/gamma = 14 mrad horizontal wiggler fan, the central 2 mrad are used and split in three parts. The central 1 mrad will be used for a station optimized for MAD experiments and on each side of the central fan, from 0.5 mrad to 1 mrad, there are two fixed energy stations using different energies of the same part of the beam. These, in total five stations, can be used simultaneously and independently for diffraction data collection. The two upstream monochromators for the side stations are meridionally bent asymmetric diamond(111) crystals in Laue transmission geometry. The monochromators for the downstream side stations are bent Ge(111) crystals in asymmetric Bragg reflection geometry. Curved multilayer mirrors inserted in the monochromatic beams provide focusing in the vertical plane. The first side station is under commissioning, and a preliminary test protein data set has been collected. ©2004 American Institute of Physics