jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Glucagon on Gluconeogenesis by the Isolated Perfused Rat Liver

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glucagon stimulated both carbohydrate and urea production by isolated perfused glycogen-depleted rat livers. This effect was demonstrable at concentrations of the hormone of about 1 μg/I of plasma and was maximal at concentrations of 4–5 μg/1- This range is similar to that which was previously shown to induce modest to maximal glycogenolysis in this experimental system, and is of the same order of magnitude as the glucagon concentrations which result from endogenous secretion of the hormone. It is concluded that glucagon plays a dual physiologic role, stimulating hepatic gluconeogenesis as well as glycogenolysis. In contrast to its glycogenolytic effect, which is of brief duration, stimulation of gluconeogenesis persists for at least 60–90 min after all the glucagon in the system has presumably been inactivated. (Endocrinology 78: 538, 1966)
Maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Review question / Objective: To explore whether there is an association between maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring.Condition being studied: Several studies have explored the effects of maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and ADHD risk in offspring, but obtained inconclusive results.There is no existing systematic review and meta-analysis that has assessed the association of maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy with ADHD risk in offspring.
Fake News Detection on COVID-19 Tweeter Data Using Machine Learning Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

People can access the news easily from various channels like social media (twitter, Facebook etc.,), social bots due to which the Fake news is propagated at a faster rate. To avoid this, Machine Learning models can be used to categorize the news into different classes like Fake and Real so that people will be aware of the real news. An ensemble model is proposed to classify the Tweets which are collected from the Kaggle consisting of twitter posts, data pre-processing, extracting features using NLTK toolkit and training and testing the data using various Machine Learning (ML) models such as Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression and Random Forest. An accuracy of 70% is achieved on LIAR dataset. Datasets based on COVID-19 Tweets, achieved an accuracy of 90% by Ensemble approach.
Prevalence and risk factors of mortality among heart failure patients in low resource setting hospitals: a multicenter prospective observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Heart failure is a significant worldwide health problem that leads to mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes and associated factors of heart failure patients who were admitted to hospitals in the southwest of Ethiopia. Methods and participants A multicenter prospective observational study was conducted from 1 February to 1 August 2021. Drug therapy problems were assessed as per the Cipolle, Strands, and Morley drug therapy problems classification method. The drug therapy was registered by using the drug-related problem registration format. The results of logistic regression analysis was interpreted as crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. Results In our study settings, a total of 205 (85.1%) heart failure patients showed improvement and 36 (14.9%) died at hospital discharge. Being ≥65 years (AOR = 7.14, 95% CI: 2.04–.25.01, P = 0.002), a previous hospitalization (AOR = 6.20, 95% CI: 1.81–21.21, P = 0.004), and the presence of medication-related problems (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI: 1.13–11.73, P = 0.03) were the predictors of mortality. Conclusion The prevalence of in-hospital mortality among heart failure patients was found to be high. Previous hospitalization, older age, and the presence of drug therapy problems were the predictors of mortality among heart failure patients. Therefore, proper attention should be given to the management of elderly and re-admitted heart failure patients in addition to their regular care. In addition, hospitals should implement clinical pharmacy services to address any drug-related problems.
Evaluation of Shear Strength for Wide Beam using GFRP Plate Shear Reinforcement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

본 논문은 넓은 보의 전단강도를 대상으로 한 실험적 평가에 대해 기술하였다. 본 논문의 실험을 통해 넓은 보에 횡방향 단면에서 GFRP 판의 보강개수와 종방향 전단보강 간격, 그리고 유효깊이가 전단강도에 끼치는 영향에 관하여 연구하였다. 총 7개의 시험체에 유공형 GFRP 판 형태로 전단보강재를 보강하여 전단성능 실험을 실시하였다. 본 논문에 기재된 전단보강재는 유공형 판 형태로 제작되어 타설 시 콘크리트의 유동성을 증가시켜 보강재와 콘크리트의 부착력을 향상시켰다. 7개 시험체의 주 변수로는 전단보강재의 횡방향 단면에 대한 판의 보강개수와 종방향 전단보강 간격, 그리고 유효깊이로 정하였다. 시험체의 균열 및 파괴 양상, 변형률과 전단강도비를 분석하였다. GFRP판으로 전단보강된 넓은 보의 전단강도는 ACI 318-11 기준으로 산정되었다. 실험의 결과를 통해 유공형 GFRP 판이 전단보강재로서 넓은 보에 효과적으로 적용됨을 확인하였다.In this paper, an experimental evaluation of shear strength of wide beam is presented. By the experiment in paper, shear strength depending on parameter of shear reinforcement by GFRP plate on wide beam is investigated. Specimens are 7 of reinforced by GFRP plate with openings. The shear reinforcement is manufactured into plate shape with openings to ensure perfect integration with concrete. The test was performed on 7 specimens. The parameters are including number of shear reinforcement by GFRP plates and center-to-center spacing between vertical strip. We analysed the crack, failure mode, strain, shear strength of specimens. A calculation of the shear strength of reinforced wide beam with GFRP plate based on ACI 318-11. The result of the experiment shows that the GFRP plate is works successfully as shear reinforcement in the wide beam.
Ulcerative vulvitis in Reiter's syndrome. A case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a case of acute Reiter's syndrome with severe vulvitis the diagnosis was based on the presence of a vaginal discharge and dysuria, arthritis, conjunctivitis, buccal ulceration, keratodermia blenorrhagica, and HLA B27 tissue-typing antigen. The vulval lesions were similar in appearance to those of circinate vulvitis. The acute histological change were confined to shallow ulceration with an inflammatory infiltration of the subjacent dermis. Coincidential lichen sclerosus et atrophicus was present, which could have been masked by the acute lesions.
A Comparative Study of Intestinal Streptococci from the Horse, the Cow, and Man

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Journal Article A Comparative Study of Intestinal Streptococci from the Horse, the Cow, and Man Get access C.-E. A. Winslow, C.-E. A. Winslow Biological Laboratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. T. Palmer G. T. Palmer Biological Laboratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 7, Issue 1, 15 January 1910, Pages 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/7.1.1 Published: 15 January 1910 Article history Received: 22 October 1909 Published: 15 January 1910
Distinctive Magnetic Resonance Imaging findings of muscle in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (P6.093)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: MRI is being increasingly used for evaluation of inherited muscle disorders as it allows quantification of fatty infiltration and edema in skeletal muscle. Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD) is characterized by distinct pattern of muscle degeneration and MRI can be an important diagnostic tool complementing clinical diagnosis prior to genetic confirmation.
Objective: To study and also correlate Muscle MRI findings of lower limbs with Manual muscle testing(MMT) and Muscular Dystrophy Functional Rating Scale(MDFRS) scores in genetically confirmed DMD children.
Materials and methods: 50 MLPA (Multiplex Ligand Dependant Probe Amplification) confirmed DMD cases were prospectively recruited and assessed for muscle MRI changes using Mercuri staging for fibro-fatty replacement on T1 sequence and Myoedema score for edema on STIR sequence. Detailed phenotypic characterization was done with MMT(MRC grading) and MDFRS.
Results: Mean age was 7.62 ±2.80 in years with mean illness duration of 46.32±29.61 at the time of evaluation. Quadriceps, Gluteus medius and Gluteus minimus are most severely affected with a mean Mercuri stage of 3. Iliopsoas and anterior compartment muscles of leg had minimal fibro-fatty replacement (Mercuri stage1) while normal appearance in T1 sequence (stage 0) seen in Sartorius, gracilis, semimembranous and deep posterior compartment muscles of leg with relatively high (2a to 2b) mean myoedema scores suggesting delayed involvement of these muscles. MRI findings (mean mercuri and myoedema scores) of proximal thigh muscles (Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus)had significant correlation with mean MMT scores (p<0.05) and MDFRS scores also showed significant correlation with mean Mercuri scores (p<0.05).
Conclusion: MRI findings reflect consistent distinctive pattern of skeletal muscle involvement in DMD irrespective of age at evaluation and age at onset of illness. With a high clinical possibility of DMD, Muscle MRI could be considered as an investigation of immense diagnostic value before contemplating genetic testing by MLPA or Next generation sequencing. Disclosure: Dr. Polavarapu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Poojar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Veeramani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bharath has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nalini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Thomas has nothing to disclose.
THE IMPACT OF BURGLARY UPON VICTIMS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article THE IMPACT OF BURGLARY UPON VICTIMS Get access MIKE MAGUIRE MIKE MAGUIRE Research officer, Centre for Criminological Research, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 20, Issue 3, July 1980, Pages 261–275, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047171 Published: 01 July 1980
Cerebral stroke mimics associated with spinal vascular disease: two case reports.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several diseases produce symptoms similar to those of a cerebral stroke, resulting in their misdiagnosis as stroke. Cerebral stroke mimics are common in emergency rooms. We report two cases of cerebral stroke mimics to attract the attention of clinicians, especially emergency room doctors. In one case, a patient with spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) exhibited lower-right limb numbness and weakness. In the other, a patient with spinal cord infarction (SCI) had numbness and weakness of the lower-left limb. Both cases were misdiagnosed as cerebral strokes in the emergency room. One of the patients underwent hematoma removal surgery, and the other received medical treatment for spinal cord infarction. Patients' symptoms improved, but the sequelae remained. Single-limb numbness and weakness are an uncommon initial presentation of spinal vascular disease that can lead to its misdiagnosis. When encountering single-limb numbness and weakness, it is necessary to consider the differential diagnosis of spinal vascular disease, thereby reducing misdiagnosis.
Crouania pumila sp. nov. (Callithamniaceae: Rhodophyta), una nueva especie de alga roja marina de la Reserva Internacional de la Biosfera Seaflower, Caribe colombiano

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the Colombian Caribbean, the marine macroalgal flora of the Seaflower International Biosphere Reserve has been little studied, despite its ecological importance. Historical records have reported only 201 macroalgae species within its area of almost 350,000 km2. However, recent surveys have shown a diversity of small algae previously overlooked. With the aim to determine the macroalgal diversity in the Reserve, we undertook field surveys in different ecosystems: coral reefs, seagrass beds, and rocky and sandy substrates, at different depths, from intertidal to 37 m. During these field surveys, we collected a small described species belonging to the genus Crouania (Callithamniaceae, Rhodophyta), Crouania pumila sp. nov. that is decribed in this paper. This new species was distinguished from other species of the genus by a distinctive suite of traits including its diminutive size (to only 3.5 mm in length), its decumbent, slightly calcified habit (epiphytic on other algae), its ramisympodial branching, the ecorticate main axes, and the elongate shape of the terminal cells of the cortical filaments. The observations were provided for both female (cystocarpic) and tetrasporangiate thalli; however, male thalli were not seen. Further studies have to be undertaken in this Reserve in order to carry out other macroalgal analysis and descriptions.
Electrochemical Evaluation of Manganese Electrolytes for Redox Flow Batteries

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising candidates for long-duration energy storage mainly due to the lower cost of improving the energy density compared to lithium-ion batteries. However, the full sustainability of RFBs has not been achieved yet, and there is a lot of room for further improvement. One of the main parameters showing a strong influence on the sustainability of RFBs is redox active materials. In this work, manganese was selected for electrochemical evaluation as it fulfills the sustainability requirements. Manganese is a non-toxic, low-cost and abundant material with sufficient aqueous solubility[1]. Moreover, the standard potential of manganese (1.51 V) is higher than that of vanadium (1.26 V). For electrochemical parameters, we have, through cyclic voltammetry (CVs) and polarization curves, estimated the diffusion coefficient ( D 0 ) and heterogeneous standard electron transfer rate ( k 0 ) of manganese in an acidic electrolyte in the presence of titanium as an additive. In order to investigate the performance of an RFB system using a manganese electrolyte, a hybrid system was designed that uses hydrogen gas on the negative side and an acidic manganese electrolyte the positive side. We have studied the resistance behavior of the hybrid RFB through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at different states of charge. From EIS data, cell ohmic resistance, and a general idea of the different processes taking place at different state of charge were obtained. Moreover, we studied the performance of the hybrid RFB during 70 cycles, obtaining an average coulombic efficiency of 98.1%, voltage efficiency of 77.8% and capacity retention of 97.7%. Carney, J.R., B.R. Dillon, and S.P. Thomas, Recent Advances of Manganese Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2016. 2016 (23): p. 3912-3929.
Potentials of rice husk as energy supplement in poultry broiler production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Energy is a fundamental recipe for all life forms. All living things including poultry require energy for cellular activity, growth and reproduction. Energy is basically derived from food nutrient sources such as carbohydrates, excess proteins, fat and oil both of plant and animal sources. The cost of raising poultry has continue to increase due to increasing cost of feedstuff and the poor genetic make-up of birds which confers some breeds with very feed conversion efficiency. A total number of 20day old chicks were used to investigate the effects of inclusion of rice husk as Dietary Supplement in a formulated finisher feed, on growth performance characteristics. Four different levels (0%, 0.6%, 1.0%, and 1.4%) of formulated feed with rice husk as dietary supplement were evaluated in the experiment. Daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, body weight gain and mortality rate were assessed in all the treatment groups evaluated. The results showed that mean body weight and feed conversion after 8 weeks for diets did not differ significantly (p<0.05). Results of analysis of the four different levels of concentration of rice husk, the control (0%) had the highest body weight followed by 1.4%, then 1.0% and 0.6% after the experiment respectively. In respect to the feed intake, it was observed that treatments with the highest concentration or level of rice husk (1.4%), had the highest feed intake amongst other treatments. This research work showed that rice husk could economically replace other energy sources to a certain extent in the broiler ration. Thus, the inclusion of fibre (rice husk) in feed dilutes energy concentration in the plant fibre and making same available to the poultry for increased growth.
Concise Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Gedunin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The limonoids have attracted significant attention from the synthetic community owing to their striking structural complexity and medicinal potential. Recent efforts notwithstanding, synthetic access to many intact or ring D-seco limonoids still remains elusive. Here, we report the first de novo synthesis of gedunin, a ring D-seco limonoid with HSP90 inhibitory activity, that proceeds in 13 steps. Two enabling features in our strategy are the application of modern catalytic transformations to set the key quaternary centers in the carbocyclic core and the use of biocatalytic oxidation at C3 to establish a chemical handle to access the A-ring enone motif. The strategy presented herein may provide an entry point to a wider range of oxidized limonoids.
Differences between management consulting and intervention-research

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

MC Division is emblematic of the double attraction for consulting from scholars, and research from consultants. But most researchers believe the board is sealed with respect to research. From the case of a European research team, the major differences between consulting and intervention-research are identified: negotiating the contract, conducing the mission, academic publications. Intervention-research permits observing real management practices, thus it's a scientific methodology research. Moreover, research team activities are self financing through its contracts with companies and organizations.
Incorporating the cosmological constant in a modified uncertainty principle

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This study explores the cosmological constant problem and modified uncertainty principle within a unified framework inspired by a void-dominated scenario for cosmology. In a recent paper [E. Yusofi, M. Khanpour, B. Khanpour, M. A. Ramzanpour and M. Mohsenzadeh, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 511, L82 (2022)], voids were modeled as spherical bubbles of similar average sizes, and the surface energy on the voids’ borders was calculated across various scales in a heuristic manner. We show that these result in a significant discrepancy of approximately [Formula: see text] between the cosmological constant values from the minimum to the maximum radii of bubbles. Furthermore, when considering the generalized form of the uncertainty principle with both minimum and maximum lengths, i.e. [Formula: see text], a similar order of discrepancy is observed between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], indicating that [Formula: see text]. As a primary outcome of this finding, we offer a novel uncertainty principle that incorporates a nonzero cosmological constant.
Dosing strategies of imipenem in neonates based on pharmacometric modelling and simulation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Imipenem is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent used in critically ill neonates after failure of first-line treatments. Few studies have described imipenem disposition in this population. The objectives of our study were: (i) to characterize imipenem population pharmacokinetics (PK) in a cohort of neonates; and (ii) to conduct model-based simulations to evaluate the performance of six different dosing regimens aiming at optimizing PK target attainment. Methods A total of 173 plasma samples from 82 neonates were collected over 15 years at the Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland. The majority of study subjects were preterm neonates with a median gestational age (GA) of 27 weeks (range: 24–41), a postnatal age (PNA) of 21 days (2–153) and a body weight (BW) of 1.16 kg (0.5–4.1). PK data were analysed using non-linear mixed-effect modelling (NONMEM). Results A one-compartment model best characterized imipenem disposition. Population PK parameters estimates of CL and volume of distribution were 0.21 L/h and 0.73 L, with an interpatient variability (CV%) of 20.1% on CL in a representative neonate (GA 27 weeks, PNA 21 days, BW 1.16 kg, serum creatinine, SCr 46.6 μmol/L). GA and PNA exhibited the greatest impact on PK parameters, followed by SCr. These covariates explained 36% and 15% of interindividual variability in CL, respectively. Simulated regimens using a dose of 20–25 mg/kg every 6–12 h according to postnatal age led to the highest PTA (T&gt;MIC over 100% of time). Conclusions Dosing adjustment according to BW, GA and PNA optimizes imipenem exposure in neonates.