jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Organization of medical genetic service in Russia].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Short history of the development of medical genetic service in Russia from the 1960s till now is described. Analysis of many orders of the Ministry of Health of USSR and Russia was performed which shows how separate components of the service were designed and integrated into the efficacious genetic counseling system. All of them were supported by educational programs. The important contribution made by professor Nikolai Bochkov to the creation of genetic service in Russia especially at the early stages is underlined.
Raman amplification in plasma: thermal effects and damping

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The role of thermal effects on Raman amplification are investigated. The direct effects of damping on the process are found to be limited, leading only to a decrease from the peak output intensity predicted by cold plasma models. However, the shift in plasma resonance due to the Bohm-Gross shift can have a much larger influence, changing the required detuning between pump and probe and introducing an effective chirp through heating of the plasma by the pump pulse. This "thermal chirp" can both reduce the efficiency of the interaction and alter the evolution of the amplified probe, avoiding the increase in length observed in the linear regime without significant pump depletion. The influence of this chirp can be reduced by using a smaller ratio of laser frequency to plasma frequency, which simultaneously increases the growth rate of the probe and decreases the shift in plasma resonance. As such, thermal effects only serve to suppress the amplification of noise at low growth rates. The use of a chirped pump pulse can be used to suppress noise for higher growth rates, and has a smaller impact on the peak output intensity for seeded amplification. For the parameter ranges considered, Landau damping was found to be negligible, as Landau damping rates are typically small, and the low collisionality of the plasma causes the process to saturate quickly.
Prevention and management of hypertrophic scars after laparoscopic surgery using silicone gel sheets: a pilot study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness and safety of modified silicone gel sheets applied to hypertrophic scars and keloids following laparoscopic surgery.MethodsPatients who had undergone laparoscopic surgery and who had either conventional or modified silicone gel sheets affixed to their surgical lesions for 6 months postoperatively (treatment groups), and control patients who had not received postsurgical treatment involving silicone gel sheets, were enrolled. The surgical wounds were assessed visually and using the Japan Scar Workshop (JSW) Scar Scale. Patients were interviewed before, 3 months after, and 6 months after sheet affixation.ResultsA total of 45 patients were included, comprising 15 patients per group. Both silicone gel-sheet groups had significantly lower JSW Scar Scale scores at 3 and 6 months after affixation compared with controls. The scores were not significantly different between the conventional and modified treatment groups and no adverse events were observed in the latter.ConclusionsModified silicone gel sheets were more effective than controls and comparable to conventional gel sheets, and there were no adverse events related to laparoscopic surgical wounds in the improved silicone gel sheet group, demonstrating the safety and effectiveness of the modified silicone gel sheets.
Controlled Arrangement of Nanocellulose in Polymeric Matrix: From Reinforcement to Functionality

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nanocellulose, the most abundant crystalline polysaccharide nanomaterial on Earth, has been widely used for the reinforcement of polymeric materials owing to its high elastic modulus, low density, high aspect ratio, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In this Perspective, we offer a brief overview of recent progress in the controllable arrangement of nanocellulose in polymeric matrices, including highly oriented structure, helical structure, and gradient structure. We then discuss the current nanotechnologies that enable the arrangement of nanocellulose in nanocomposite materials. Finally, we describe future opportunities, challenges, and research directions in this active research area.
When ideology meets conflict-related content: Influences on emotion generation and regulation.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

<p>Do rightists and leftists experience information about suffering and harm with differing emotional intensities, depending on the identity of target depicted? Do they consequently choose differently how to regulate or cope with these emotions? Research has identified ideological differences in emotional processes, but it has yet to identify what types of content lead to ideological differences in emotional intensity or whether these content-dependent differences relate to differing preferences for engaging versus disengaging emotion-regulation strategies. We posited that right–left differences in experienced emotional intensity would be context-dependent, emerging mostly in response to depictions of harm to the outgroup, in accordance with the centrality of intergroup attitudes to ideological self-placement in conflict. Study 1 (N = 83) supported this hypothesis, with leftists (vs. rightists) experiencing outgroup harm (but not ingroup harm or conflict-irrelevant harm) with greater emotional intensity. Study 2 (N = 101), which replicated this finding, additionally examined whether behavioral differences in regulatory choice consequently emerge mostly regarding outgroup harm. We tested 2 competing hypotheses as to the nature of these differences: (a) the intensity hypothesis, positing that leftists (more than rightists) would regulate their intensified reactions to outgroup harm through disengagement–distraction (vs. engagement–reappraisal) due to a documented greater preference for disengaging coping strategies as intensity increases, and (b) the motivation hypothesis, positing that leftists (more than rightists) would prefer engagement–reappraisal (vs. disengagement–distraction), consistent with leftists’ documented greater preference for intergroup empathy. Results exclusively supported the intensity hypothesis, and the significance of both studies is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)<br /></p>
A Novel Mobile Target Localization Approach for Complicate Underground Environment in Mixed LOS/NLOS Scenarios

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Accurate positioning of the shearer remains a challenge for automation of the longwall coal mining process. In this paper, the popular Ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning system that has attracted considerable attention is adopted to obtain the target node location. Unfortunately, localization accuracy is still unsatisfactory and unreliable in mixed line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) scenarios. To ameliorate localization accuracy of UWB for complicate underground environment where the positioning scenarios suffered from frequently switching among LOS, NLOS, and mixed LOS-NLOS condition, the novel positioning algorithm GMM-IMM-EKF was proposed. Gaussian mixed model (GMM) was employed to re-estimate the measurement distance, and two parallel variational Bayesian adaptive Kalman filters (VBAKFs) under the structure of interacting multiple model (IMM) was utilized to smoothen the result of GMM to eliminate the LOS and NLOS errors, respectively. Then, the position of the target node was determined by exploiting extended Kalman filter (EKF) based on the outcome of IMM-VBAKF. The proposed approach was assessed by exploiting UWB P440 modules. Comparative experimental verification demonstrated that GMM-IMM-EKF strategy outperformed other positioning approaches, which can effectively reduce the adverse effect of NLOS errors and achieve higher positioning accuracy in underground environment with LOS/NLOS/LOS-NLOS transition conditions.
Morphological studies on the intrahepatic bile duct of primary biliary cirrhosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

原発性胆汁性肝硬変は形態学的には,肝内小葉間胆管の進行性の崩壊に特徴づけられる.2例の早期PBCの辺縁肝生検を材料として,小葉間胆管が崩壊する際に,どのような形態学的変化を示すかを連続切片法を用い検索した.小葉間胆管が崩壊する際に,3種の形態学的変化がみられた.1. 胆管周囲に細胞反応を伴うもの(小円形細胞,類上皮肉芽腫),2. 胆管周囲に浮腫を伴うもの,3. 胆管周囲に軽度の線維化がみられたり,特別の変化がみられないもの.そして胆管内腔の嚢状拡張もしくは細小化が,これらの病変に随伴することがある.
Learning Recurrent Memory Activation Networks for Visual Tracking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Facilitated by deep neural networks, numerous tracking methods have made significant advances. Existing deep trackers mainly utilize independent frames to model the target appearance, while paying less attention to its temporal coherence. In this paper, we propose a recurrent memory activation network (RMAN) to exploit the untapped temporal coherence of the target appearance for visual tracking. We build the RMAN on top of the long short-term memory network (LSTM) with an additional memory activation layer. Specifically, we first use the LSTM to model the temporal changes of the target appearance. Then we selectively activate the memory blocks via the activation layer to produce a temporally coherent representation. The recurrent memory activation layer enriches the target representations from independent frames and reduces the background interference through temporal consistency. The proposed RMAN is fully differentiable and can be optimized end-to-end. To facilitate network training, we propose a temporal coherence loss together with the original binary classification loss. Extensive experimental results on standard benchmarks demonstrate that our method performs favorably against the state-of-the-art approaches.
A Real Time Adaptive Method and Its Application to the Azimuth Preprocessing of SAR Signal

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fixed coefficient FIR has been applied to conventional SAR azimuth preprocessing But in practical usage, the severe azimuth modulation may arise when the motion of the carrier is not ideal In this paper, an adaptive azimuth preprocessing method is put forwand, which can greatly overcome the azimuth modulation of SAR signal Since this method can a meliorate the SNR of the SAR system, the auto-focus performance will be improved greatly The result is satisfactory
Thermal Pyrolysis Of Used Tires: The Effect of Plasma Torch Power and Plasma Gases

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The disposal of used tires represents an environmental problem. As the heat content of the rubber tires is greater than that of coal, it should be considered as an alternate source of fuel for power generation. The effect of plasma gas and power on the thermal pyrolysis of used tires is experimentally investigated. The results shows that the composition of syngas produced from the used tires significantly depends on the plasma gas and tire feed rates. The heavy metals contained in automobile tires can be concentrated in ash particles during the plasma pyrolysis.
Amelioration of aluminum toxicity on OM4900 rice seedlings by sodium silicate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Silicon has versatile functions in plant biology, especially in plant defense and tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stressors. In this study, it was investigated if silicon could reduce the toxic effect of aluminum on rice. Aluminum was applied to OM4900 rice seedlings, and then their growth and sugar metabolism were determined. At doses of aluminum chloride of 100 and 200 µM, plant height was significantly enhanced and root elongation was reduced. The accumulation of photosynthetic pigments was tightly correlated with the aluminum concentration showing highest amounts at 400 µM. Sugar levels in roots and endosperm decreased upon aluminum addition. Aluminum toxicity in rice seedlings was relieved by addition of silicon in the form of sodium silicate. In the presence of 200 µM aluminum chloride, the addition of 100 mg/L sodium silicate to the hydroponic solution showed no contribution to plant growth or buildup of photosynthetic pigments. At this concentration, root development was not affected while it was at higher concentrations. Sodium silicate addition did not alter the reduction in sugar levels by aluminum. The presence of 200 µM aluminum chloride with or without sodium silicate in the growing solution significantly decreased silicon content in rice husks. Key words: Cultivar, metal, root, silicon, sugar.
Control of bud rot in oil palm, Elaeis guineensis resistance inducers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bud rot has become the main problem affecting the oil palm in Latin America. This disease causes high economic losses because the palms suspend raceme production from 12 to 24 months. The average weight of the racemes also decreases as well as the oil extraction rate. Bud rot causes yellowing of young leaves and rotting of spear and crown leaves. In general, the racemes are not affected. Bud rot occurs in all plantations regardless of crop age.
Hemodialysis/hemofiltration: a report of a controlled cross-over study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 14 stable ESRD patients an ABA cross-over study comparing conventional hemodialysis with post-dilution hemofiltration was performed in order to test the validity of clinical benefits reported for hemofiltration. No effect on blood-pressure could be observed in hypertensive hemofiltration patients when body weight was kept constant. The claimed positive effect of hemofiltration on hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients could not be confirmed. A treatment with 3x81 I infusate per week seems to be insufficient treatment in regard to small molecule removal especially in heavy patients without any residual renal function. The decrease in urea nitrogen generation rate during the hemofiltration period might be the result of the lower small molecule removal in hemofiltration when compared to hemodialysis. The main clinical benefit of hemofiltration results from improved tolerance to volume removal due to improved hemodynamic stability during treatment.
Comparison of the effects of intra-articular Hyaluronic Acid Versus Methyl Prednisolone Acetate in Iraqi patients with Knee Osteoarthritis; A Double-Blind Controlled Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT : Background: Osteoarthritis is a prevalent chronic joint condition that occurs when the cartilage, which acts as a low-friction surface between the joints, deteriorates, resulting in pain, stiffness, and swelling. There has been controversy about the effectiveness and tolerability of corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid, and about the superiority of one over the other in treating OA. Objective current study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid (HA) and methylprednisolone (MP) in the treatment of OA. Methods: One hundred and four patients with OA were randomized to receive intra-articular injection of either HA or MP, and they were followed for 3 months. Each patient from each group received a single injection at the time of enrollment. The participants and the evaluator were blinded to the nature of the injected material. The primary outcomes were to measure the change from baseline in Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index and visual analogue pain scale, and to record any treatment-related adverse events. Results: there were 49 females and 3 males in the HA group (mean age 59 ± 15.5) and 46 females and 6 males in the MP group (mean age 63 ± 15.5). Both groups demonstrated improvements in WOMAC and VAS scores throughout the follow-up period. The effect size for WOMAC and VAS scores favored HA over MP from month 2 to month 3 (P < 0.05). Both interventions were relatively safe, and no serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: the results showed that both interventions are effective in relieving pain and improving knee stiffness and physical function. Furthermore, the current study showed that the most important difference between the two interventions is the duration of effectiveness. The benefit of HA was maintained to 3 months while that of MP declined after 1 month.
Denitrobaculum tricleocarpae gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium from coralline algae Tricleocarpa sp

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, motile, curved rod-shaped bacterium, designed strain R148 T was isolated from a coralline algae Tricleocarpa sp. collected from Weizhou island, PR China. The optimal growth of R148 T occurred at 25 °C, pH 8–9 in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl on the basis of amended marine broth 2216. The genomic DNA G+C content was 59.5 mol%. The only detected respiratory quinone was Q-10. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and three unidentified ninhydrin-positive lipids. The major cellular fatty acids were C 18 : 1 ω7 c , C 16 : 1 ω7 c , C 19 : 0 cyclo 9, 10 DMA and C 18 : 0 . The results of 16S rRNA gene-based global alignment indicated that the closest neighbour of strain R148 T was Pelagibius litoralis DSM 21314 T (93.1 % similarity), the second is Limibacillus halophilus KCTC 42420 T (92.2 %). The results of phylogenetic analysis indicated that R148 T forms a distinct branch in the robust clade of R148 T and P. litoralis DSM 21314 T , while the taxonomic position of this clade in the family Rhodospirillaceae is ambiguous among phylogenetic approaches. The low 16S rRNA gene similarity and distinct polar lipid and cellular fatty acid profile could readily distinguish R148 T from closely related type strains. So R148 T is suggested to represent a novel species in a novel genus, for which the name Denitrobaculum tricleocarpae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R148 T (=MCCC 1K03781 T =KCTC 72137 T ).
The Cost of Not Breastfeeding: A Commentary

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Breastfeeding, a valuable natural resource, promotes health, helps prevent infant and childhood disease, and saves health care costs. Additional annual national health care costs, incurred for treatment of four medical conditions in infant who were not breastfed were estimated. Infant diarrhea in nonbreastfed infants costs $291.3 million; respiratory syncytial virus, $225 million; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, from $9.6 to $124.8 million; and otitis media, $660 million. Thus, these four medical diagnoses alone create just over $1 billion of extra health care costs each year. Breastfeeding may also enhance intellectual development of children according to at least one medical research study. The potential societal benefits of more intelligent children is incalculable even though it cannot be directly measured in terms of dollars. Finally, it was calculated that an additional $2,665,715 in federal funds is needed yearly in order for WIC to provide infant formula to nonbreastfeeding mothers. For the average family, the cost of purchasing formula is twice the cost of supplemental food for the breastfeeding mother. Breastfeeding education and support should be an integral part of health care, especially under managed care which rewards the prevention of health problems and reduced use of health services.
Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan Terhadap Kegiatan Penambangan Illegal Galian C Tanah Urug

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This scientific article examines the enforcement of environmental law on the mining activities of excavated land c in the Kudus Regency, illegal excavated land c activities in Kudus Regency have a serious impact as evidenced by the emergence of victims in illegal c excavation sites that are not reclaimed. There are indeed not many illegal landfill land in Kudus Regency, but based on supervision in the field, the activity arises because it is based on economic factors, Kudus Regency itself actually has regulated zoning of the areas permitted for mining activities, things mentioned in Perda No. 16/2012 concerning RTRW, the method used in this study is empirical (nondoctrinal) Based on the results of field research on illegal activities of landfill excavation, it can be concluded that enforcement of illegal activities of landfill excavation c has not been carried out optimally. , this can be seen by the presence of illegal miners who still often do mining by playing cat and mouse with Satpol PP officers
Building a Secure Short Duration Transaction Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this project was to design and test a secure IP-based architecture suitable for short duration transactions. This included the development of a prototype test-bed in which various operating scenarios (such as cryptographic options, various IP-based architectures and fault tolerance) were demonstrated. A solution based on SIP secured with TLS was tested on two IP based architectures. Total time, CPU time and heap usage was measured for each architecture and encryption scheme to examine the viability of such a solution. The results showed that the proposed solution stack was able to complete transactions in reasonable time and was able to recover from transaction processor failure. This research has demonstrated a possible architecture and protocol stack suitable for IP-based transaction networks. The benefits of an IP-based transaction network include reduced operating costs for network providers and clients, as shared IP infrastructure is used, instead of maintaining a separate IP and X.25 network.
Conversion Strategies and the Power to Define: British and American Muslim Performance in Bourdieu's Field of Art

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When a number of Muslims in non-Muslim majority countries in North America and Western Europe gained attention as upcoming performers in the genres of hip-hop, stand-up comedy and performing poetry in the last decades, this was perceived as a remarkable phenomenon by public media and social scientists.Firstly, a lot of these performers bring Islam to the fore in their artistic expressions in the public domain, whereas, secondly, the relation between art and Islam is perceived as troublesome at various social levels.While gaining visibility after the multiple terrorist attacks, the phenomenon of entertaining Muslims is often understood as an expression of post-Islamism, the attitude of tolerance in Islamism that synthesizes contrasting opinions.Expressions of Muslims are explained as "purposeful art" and the performing arts as a repertoire to diffuse (positive) Islamic values.To comprehend the complex manifestations of religion in modern day societies as reflected by these trends, existing social perspectives are now no longer considered satisfactory.The forthcoming paper examines if the perspectives of symbolic interactionist, process and relational sociology are indeed insufficient to discuss and explain several significant understandings of Muslims, their practices and discourse regarding (popular) art.Do all of these artists equally pursue art with a social purpose?Are Islamic authoritative voices significant to everyone?Or do the artists follow wayward conversion strategies in order to achieve their objectives and become established?