jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Why and when to screen for cardiovascular disease in healthy individuals

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ischaemic events in the brain, heart and legs remain among the top causes of death and disability, yet the current preventive efforts largely ignore screening as a public health strategy. The inter-relatedness and uniform pathogenesis of CVDs present opportunities for screening that are distinctly different from prior findings, for example, cancer. Screening for more than one condition spares the participant time, effort and possibly anxiety, while possibly enhancing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the system. However, such approaches represent complex public health strategies in which complex criteria should be satisfied before screening is legitimised.
GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SOUTH AFRICAN LONG-FINGERED BATS, WITH A GLOBAL MINIOPTERINE PHYLOGENY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The Natal long-fingered bat (Miniopterus natalensis) and lesser long-fingered bat (M. fraterculus) are morphologically almost indistinguishable and occur sympatrically over much of their southern African range. This raises the possibility that they are sister taxa. We employed a multidisciplinary approach to examine their taxonomic relationship to one another and to other Miniopterus species, whose global phylogeny requires review. We examined echolocation, morphological, and dietary differences between M. natalensis and M. fraterculus, as well as both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variation between them in the context of a phylogeny incorporating 13 Miniopterus species and subspecies. Despite similarities in their morphology and distribution, M. natalensis and M. fraterculus echolocate at peak frequencies separated by 12 kHz, and both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers confirm they are distinct species. Analysis of cytochrome-b (Cytb) sequences further indicates that M. fraterculus and M. natalensis are not sister taxa; M. fraterculus appears to be more closely related to the greater long-fingered bat (M. inflatus). Examination of the global taxonomy of Miniopterus confirms that Schreibers's long-fingered bat (M. schreibersii) forms a paraphyletic species complex. Furthermore, the miniopterine bats are divided into 2 geographically isolated monophyletic groups, one containing African and European species, and the other taxa from Australasia and Asia. Cytb sequence divergence also suggests that M. natalensis is distinct from the European M. schreibersii. These results support the elevation of M. natalensis to full species rank.
Cloning of type XVII collagen. Complementary and genomic DNA sequences of mouse 180-kilodalton bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPAG2) predict an interrupted collagenous domain, a transmembrane segment, and unusual features in the 5‘-end of the gene and the 3‘-untranslated region of the mRNA.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Thus far, 16 distinct vertebrate collagens (types I-XVI) have been delineated. In this study, we have cloned a mouse collagenous protein, the 180-kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPAG2). Isolation of over-lapping clones, together with 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends, allowed delineation of the entire coding sequence. The 5' and 3' ends of the mRNA transcripts were confirmed by primer extension and anchored reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses. The deduced polypeptide contained 1,433 amino acids, including a collagenous domain that consisted of 13 separate segments. Computer analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence demonstrated the presence of a membrane-associated segment. Examination of the 5' end of the BPAG2 gene revealed that the 295-base pair (bp) exon 1 contained two segments of (T)13AA and TT(A)11, whereas exon 2 was shown to contain the translation initiation codon. The 3' end of the mRNA transcript identified two 6-bp inverted repeat sequences that could form a stem for a 30-bp hairpin loop followed by a series of U residues. Comparison of mouse and human BPAG2 sequences demonstrated 86% homology and the unit of evolutionary period of 4.2 million years. In summary, we have cloned full-length mouse BPAG2 cDNA sequences that encode a collagenous polypeptide. We propose that this polypeptide be designated as the alpha 1-chain of type XVII collagen.
Determination of Silica Dioxide as Anti-Caking Agent in Milk Power

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A method was proposed to determine silica dioxide,an anti-caking agent,in milk powder.After high temperature ashing,samples were dissolved in acid to remove soluble salts and other substances.The precipitate(silica dioxide and insoluble solids) was burned at a high temperature to a constant weight and treated with hydrofluoric acid to remove silica dioxide.Finally,the remaining residue was collected and burned again to a constant weight.As a result,this weight loss was silica dioxide.The limit of detection and limit of quantification of this method were 0.4 g/kg and 2.0 g/kg,respectively.Average recovery rates of silica dioxide in spiked blank samples ranged from 91% to 112%.This method was simple,rapid effective,and applicable for the determination of silica dioxide in milk powder.
Generation of Magnetized Olfactory Ensheathing Cells for Regenerative Studies in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Tissue

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

As olfactory receptor axons grow from the peripheral to the central nervous system (CNS) aided by olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), the transplantation of OECs has been suggested as a plausible therapy for spinal cord lesions. The problem with this hypothesis is that OECs do not represent a single homogeneous entity, but, instead, a functionally heterogeneous population that exhibits a variety of responses, including adhesion and repulsion during cell-matrix interactions. Some studies report that the migratory properties of OECs are compromised by inhibitory molecules and potentiated by chemical gradients. In this paper, we report a system based on modified OECs carrying magnetic nanoparticles as a proof of concept experiment enabling specific studies aimed at exploring the potential of OECs in the treatment of spinal cord injuries. Our studies have confirmed that magnetized OECs (i) survive well without exhibiting stress-associated cellular responses; (ii) in vitro, their migration can be modulated by magnetic fields; and (iii) their transplantation in organotypic slices of spinal cord and peripheral nerve showed positive integration in the model. Altogether, these findings indicate the therapeutic potential of magnetized OECs for CNS injuries.
A zero-order phase-locked loop control algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A method of minimizing dynamics and reducing phase error towards zero for arbitrary input frequency/phase change while maintaining stability in phase-locked loops is presented. The system transfer function becomes theoretically of zero order and the error is zero. Practically, the steady state phase error is zero and the system is of minimum dynamics/order. The method synthesizes a feedforward control that is added to the standard phase-locked loop. The feedforward, effected from the system input to a summing junction, comprises on inverse feedforward control principle relative to the part of the feedback loop seen after the summing junction.< >
Effectiveness of team-based learning with high fidelity simulation in an undergraduate pediatric course for nurses

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Team-based learning (TBL) is a flipped class teaching technique based on principles of collaborative learning. It improves academic test performance in students. Increased satisfaction with learning tasks and enhancement in critical thinking skills is also observed with TBL in nursing education. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of “conventional TBL” (CTBL) and “TBL combined with high fidelity simulation” on student's attitude and test performance. Methods: The study was conducted in College of Nursing, Jeddah, following Institutional Review Board approval. The study had a two-group posttest only experimental design. Undergraduate nursing students enrolled in the pediatric nursing course were randomly allocated to two groups. Students in Group 1 and Group 2 were taught selected course topics with “CTBL” and “TBL combined with high fidelity simulation” respectively. They filled a questionnaire (comprising of 5-point Likert scale) measuring their attitude toward TBL after completion of the course. They also undertook a test comprising of the same items and the test scores between the two groups were compared. Results: A significant difference (P < 0.001) in test scores the two groups of students was assessed. The difference in mean score of responses between Group 1 and Group 2 was also significant. Conclusion: Test scores of students who covered learning content with TBL combined with high fidelity simulation had better test scores in cognitive test items. A more positive attitude toward TBL was noted in students completing learning tasks with high fidelity simulation in the application phase.
2-Methoxyestradiol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis independently of estrogen receptors alpha and beta.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME(2)) is an endogenous metabolite of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) that arises from the hydroxylation and subsequent methylation at the 2-position. In vitro 2ME(2) inhibits a large variety of tumor and nontumor cell lines from diverse origins, as well as several stages of the angiogenic cascade. In vivo it has been shown to be a very effective inhibitor of tumor growth and angiogenesis in numerous models. Although various molecular targets have been proposed for this compound, the mechanism of action is still uncertain. As this molecule emerges as a drug candidate it is important to assess the estrogen receptors (ERs) as molecular targets for 2ME(2). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 2ME(2) is able to engage ERs as an agonist and whether its antiproliferative activities are mediated through ERs. We confirm that 2ME(2) has a lower binding affinity for ERalpha as compared with E(2) and other E(2) metabolites and antagonists, and we demonstrate that the affinity of 2ME(2) for ERbeta is even lower. When assessed in the presence of galangin, a cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibitor, at concentrations at which 2ME(2) interacts with ERalpha in an in vitro binding assay, it does not stimulate the proliferation of an estrogen-dependent breast carcinoma cell line. Similar IC(50) values for inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis are obtained in estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent human breast cancer cell lines, irrespective of the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta. Moreover, the estrogen antagonist ICI 182,780 does not inhibit the antiproliferative activity of 2ME(2). In E(2)-responsive cells such as MCF-7 and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells, high levels of E(2) inhibit the antiproliferative activity of ICI 182,780 but not of 2ME(2). Collectively, these results suggest that 2ME(2) is distinct among estradiol metabolites because of its inability to engage ERs as an agonist, and its unique antiproliferative and apoptotic activities are mediated independently of ERalpha and ERbeta.
Evaluation of the EULAR/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Population‐Based Registry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Using the Manhattan Lupus Surveillance Program, a multiracial/ethnic population‐based registry, we aimed to compare 3 commonly used classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to identify unique cases and determine the incidence and prevalence of SLE using the EULAR/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. Methods SLE cases were defined as fulfilling the 1997 ACR, the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC), or the EULAR/ACR classification criteria. We quantified the number of cases uniquely associated with each and the number fulfilling all 3 criteria. Prevalence and incidence using the EULAR/ACR classification criteria and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Results A total of 1,497 cases fulfilled at least 1 of the 3 classification criteria, with 1,008 (67.3%) meeting all 3 classifications, 138 (9.2%) fulfilling only the SLICC criteria, 35 (2.3%) fulfilling only the 1997 ACR criteria, and 34 (2.3%) uniquely fulfilling the EULAR/ACR criteria. Patients solely satisfying the EULAR/ACR criteria had <4 manifestations. The majority classified only by the 1997 ACR criteria did not meet any of the defined immunologic criteria. Patients fulfilling only the SLICC criteria did so based on the presence of features unique to this system. Using the EULAR/ACR classification criteria, age‐adjusted overall prevalence and incidence rates of SLE in Manhattan were 59.6 (95% CI 55.9–63.4) and 4.9 (95% CI 4.3–5.5) per 100,000 population, with age‐adjusted prevalence and incidence rates highest among non‐Hispanic Black female patients. Conclusion Applying the 3 commonly used classification criteria to a population‐based registry identified patients with SLE fulfilling only 1 validated definition. The most recently developed EULAR/ACR classification criteria revealed prevalence and incidence estimates similar to those previously established for the ACR and SLICC classification schemes.
Effect of rhenium on the structure and properties of the weld metal of a molybdenum alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The structure and properties of welds made in molybdenum alloy VM-1 as a function of rhenium concentrations in the weld metal were studied. Rhenium was introduced into the weld using rhenium wire and tape or wires of Mo-47Re and Mo-52Re alloys. The properties of the weld metal were studied by means of metallographic techniques, electron microscopy, X-ray analysis, and autoradiography. The plasticity of the weld metal sharply was found to increase with increasing concentration of rhenium up to 50%. During welding, a decarburization process was observed which was more pronounced at higher concentrations of rhenium.
Transformative Learning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Mezirow's (1978) transformative learning was influenced by Kuhn's (1962) paradigm and Freire's (1970) emancipatory learning. In this paper, the author provides readers a clear guide about the main components of transformative learning: Experience, critical reflection, and rational discourse. The author emphasizes that experience in transformative learning is not the ordinary, daily mundane experience, or the new experience added on top of our old experiences, but that experience which fundamentally conflicts with what our assumptions can explain. Transformative learning is to challenge or disturb the fixed assumptions. Through critical reflection, learners examine the origins of beliefs in their historical and biological context and take actions to change their pre-existing assumptions to better understand the current disoriented experience. Finally, the author provides recommendations about how to apply transformative learning in practice.
Improving on-line signature skillfulness

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the biggest challenges in on-line signature verification is the detection of counterfeited signatures. Recently, novel schemes based on the kinematic theory of rapid human movements and its associated Sigma-Lognormal model has been proposed to improve the detection of on-line skilled forgeries. But for a more realistic and reliable estimation of the forgery detection rate, we would need more challenging on-line forgeries than those included in current databases. To get better on-line skilled forgeries, this paper aimed at leveraging the Sigma-Lognormal model to improve the skill of any online forged signature. Specifically, we propose to replace the original velocity profile of any on-line signature by a synthetic Sigma-Lognormal profile. The new profile emulates a genuine-like velocity profiles without modifying the original ballistic trajectory. Experimental results were performed with the 132 on-line users of publicly BiosecureID database. It is shown that the detection rate of forgeries is significantly worsened when the velocity profile is replaced by the synthetic one. A countermeasure to detect this kind of improved fake signatures is also proposed.
iPark: Parking Management System Based on Arduino and Cloud Platform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

\nIn order to have a better use of cross-platforms. We adopt the B/S architecture design and implement a parking management system. This system can not only view parking spaces, but also meet other needs, such as parking reservation and position recording. The node-based development can realize a flexible changing function that adds or removes nodes at any time. Based on cloud platforms, sever is built by PHP, MySQL database and other technologies and tools. Sensor networks are established relied on Arduino and nRF24L01 model.\n
Supplementary Tables S1-S18 from Dynamics of Tumor and Immune Responses during Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Table S1. Summary of patient characteristics Supplementary Table S2. Summary of plasma samples analyzed Supplementary Table S3. Summary of peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes samples analyzed Supplementary Table S4. Genes analyzed by TEC-Seq Supplementary Table S5. Summary of TEC-Seq Characteristics Supplementary Table S6. Somatic sequence alterations detected in cfDNA Supplementary Table S7. Mutation Cellularity Analysis for tumor-specific cfDNA variants Supplementary Table S8. TCR-beta sequencing analysis Supplementary Table S9. Differentially abundant clones for CGLU111 Supplementary Table S10. Differentially abundant clones for CGLU117 Supplementary Table S11. Differentially abundant clones for CGLU127 Supplementary Table S12. Differentially abundant clones for CGLU212 Supplementary Table S13. Differentially abundant clones for CGLU135 Supplementary Table S14. Differentially abundant clones for CGLU161 Supplementary Table S15. Differentially abundant clones for CGLU159 Supplementary Table S16. Differentially abundant clones for CGLU162 Supplementary Table S17. Differentially abundant clones for CGLU203 Supplementary Table S18. Differentially abundant clones for CGLU243</p>
Effect of alignment of phases in a 2-2 based dual layer high bandwidth transducer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The advent of harmonic imaging in medical diagnostic ultrasound has resulted in significantly increased demands on transducer bandwidth. One approach to satisfying this demand is to operate a dual layer transducer in a phased layer mode of operation. It has been shown in the literature that post alignment is critical to good response in stacked 1:3 composite transducer arrays. In order to easily facilitate electrical connection to the inner layer it is frequently preferable to use a 2-2 structure since then it is easier to assure electrode continuity in one dimension right through the internal portion of the transducer. Therefore, we have investigated the effect of ceramic strip alignment in stacked 2-2 transducers comprising 92% PZT-5H type ceramic. One transducer was made with perfect ceramic strip alignment and one with half pitch misalignment - 'perfect misalignment'. It was observed that the misalignment had no material impact on transducer performance. We hypothesize that if a high ceramic volume fraction 2-2 transducer is stacked then if the ceramic strips adequately 'bridge' the kerf gaps (as they typically do at high ceramic volume fractions), and if a very. fine bond-layer is employed, then ceramic strip alignment is of secondary importance.
Crime, Governance, and Existential Predicaments. By J. Hardie-Bick and R. Lippens (Palgrave-MacMillan, 2011, v–vi, 1–213pp. £ 60.00 hb)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The questionable intellectual standing of Marxism as the bastion of radically minded humanistic reform is traceable to (at least) two, mostly overlapping transitions in continental philosophy that occurred during the pre-to-post World War II era. One of these shifts is the existentialist movement, championed principally by philosopher–playwright–novelist Jean-Paul Sartre. The other pivot is the phenomenological movement, heralded most prominently by Edmund Husserl through his eidetic formulations on consciousness and intentionality and Martin Heidegger through his temporal ontology regarding the dasein analytic (i.e. the meaning of being-in-the-world). What is significant here is that Sartre’s view of dialectical materialism (Marx’s response to Hegel’s historical idealism and, thus, Sartre’s fluctuating allegiances to Marxism) is inconsistent if not contradictory. It is this paradox that helps to account for continental philosophy’s divergent landscape during a war-torn period of increasing political dissent and economic decline. Consider the following. On the one hand, Sartre’s Being and Nothingness(1943/1948) followed by his Materialism and Revolution (Sartre 1946/1962) represent an homage to phenomenology’s re-engagement with the human subject not as alienated and oppressed; not as a by-product of extant forces beyond the conscious, intending, choice-making, responsible and condemned to-be-free individual. After all, ‘existence precedes essence’ in the Sartrean canon that posits an alternative philosophy to Marxist class consciousness, collectivist struggle and cooperative overcoming. On the other hand, Sartre’s phenomenology of existence (of being-in-the-world) looses traction in his work, The Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960/1976). Here, a version of Marxist existentialism is put forth whose objects of inquiry are the historically contingent, co-determining forces or lived social conditions against which the unfettered being that is ‘for itself’ (Sartre’s pour soi) makes choice and undertakes action. These choices and actions consist of navigating stratification and scarcity dynamics. This is being-in-the-world as sociological embeddedness (Granovetter 1985) in which the ongoing networks of social relations between and among people co-produce and structurate (Giddens 1984) the existential (human agent) phenomenological (social structure) project, including its tendencies, limits and potentialities.