jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The value ofCTimaging ofHorus in determining the method of mummification and the sex of the mummy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Radiology was used to determine the sex of a child mummy who had conflicting records based on two different translations of a name written in a section of papyrus inserted into the mummy wrappings and also to determine the type of mummification used to preserve the body. Methods Ancient texts of H erodotus and D iodorus S iculus were consulted for references to mummification, and N icholson M useum records provided details of the mummy which was examined at C entral S ydney I maging using T oshiba A quilion 64 CT machine (Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Tochigi, Japan). The original CT scan data were loaded into a V itrea 2 (Vital Images, Minnetonka, MN, USA) workstation at the V ictorian I nstitute of F orensic M edicine, M elbourne, A ustralia, for further study. Results The scans showed that the child had been elaborately mummified according to ancient descriptions albeit with one variation. The provenance of the child was unknown but stylistically appeared to be from the G reco‐ R oman P eriod of ancient E gypt. Interpretation of the CT images determined that the child was male, had died of unknown cause and had been excerebrated and eviscerated post‐mortem when the heart was removed. Unexplained inclusions were identified within the abdomen and thorax. Broken and displaced ribs showed evidence of a previous endoscopic investigation. Conclusion This study provided evidence that CT scanning was an excellent non‐invasive modality to evaluate ancient mummies in its ability to demonstrate fine anatomical detail and identify post‐mortem changes. The study underlined the role of using current medical practice to determine sex rather than relying on ancient texts and uncorroborated opinion.
Confucianizing Modernity and “Modernizing” Confucianism: Environmentalism and the Need for a Confucian Positive Argument for Social Change

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As a student of the environmental crisis and political theory since the 1970s, and teacher of courses encompassing these subjects on both coasts since the 1980s, I am well aware of the great desire by students and the general public to know how humans can live so as not to threaten the ecological health of the planet and all of its living inhabitants. After the latest detailed scientific data regarding the litany of environmental threats to Earth, from global warming to water and air pollution, and so on (as described for China in the preceding chapters), are presented to classes and community audiences, the natural anticipated response follows with such questions as: "Now what do we do?" "How should we live so we do not put the environment at risk?" Or finally, "How can we humans, all 6.6 billion of us, live sustainably now, and in the future, when the numbers of humans will be substantially higher?" I quickly would like to add to this list of reactive ecological concerns a crucial normative political point that is often omitted from class and public discussion as well as from the professional scientific ecological literature, and that pertains to social justice. While environmental sustainability is necessary for all social orders to endure, it must be accompanied, in my view, by an equal emphasis upon social justice. The ideal of an environmentally healthy society is not politically or morally sufficient if social justice is absent.
French ichthyological records for 2018

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Uncommon records of fishes may evidence local or global changes in fish composition resulting from environmental change or anthropogenic activities. Significant records of uncommon marine fishes, including migrant, non-native, cryptic, rare and threatened species, collected in French waters or by French vessels in European waters, observed by scuba divers or beachgoers, are reported for the year 2018. They include first, new, rare and unusual records for the following 52 species: Hexanchus griseus, Squatina squatina, Gymnura altavela, Acipenser sturio, A. gueldenstaedtii, Dalophis imberbis, Nemichthys curvirostris, Eurypharynx pelecanoides, Maulisia mauli, M. microlepis, Sagamichthys schnakenbecki, Melanostomias bartonbeani, Astronesthes niger*, Leptostomias gladiator*, Chlorophthalmus agassizi, Magnisudis atlantica, Evermannella balbo, Regalecus glesne, Luvarus imperialis, Raniceps raninus, Fistularia cf. petimba*, Trigla lyra, Lepidotrigla dieuzeidei, Micrenophrys lilljeborgii, Howella atlantica*, Pomatomus saltatrix, Serranus cabrilla, Caranx crysos, Seriola rivoliana, Trachinotus ovatus, Lobotes surinamensis, Sarpa salpa, Chelon ramada, Pseudoscopelus altipinnis*, Trachinus draco, Parablennius pilicornis, P. ruber, Buenia affinis, B. jeffreysii, Chromogobius zebratus, Didogobius splechtnai, Gammogobius steinitzi, Gobius couchi, G. kolombatovici, Lebetus sp., Speleogobius trigloides, Thorogobius macrolepis, Vanneaugobius dollfusi, Siganus rivulatus*, Lepidocybium flavobrunneum, Hyperoglyphe sp. et Pegusa cf. nasuta, among which six, marked with an asterisk (*), represent additions to the Checklist of the marine fishes from metropolitan France and one, N. curvirostris, is a first record for the Mediterranean.
Electronic excitation induced modifications of nanostructured Ni-Ti shape memory alloy thin films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In the present work, the effects of 120 MeV Au ion irradiation at different fluences ranging from 1×10 12 to 3×10 13 ions/cm 2 on structural and electrical properties of thin films of Nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) shape memory alloys (SMAs) grown on Si substrate using DC magnetron co-sputtering is studied. The surface morphology, crystallization and phase transformation behaviour of these films were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Four-terminal resistivity measurement method. XRD pattern reveals that both the phases-martensite as well as austenite exist in the pristine film. Resistivity measurements revealed a two way transformation from cubic to rhombohedral and from rhombohedral to monoclinic phase in pristine film and decrease in its transformation temperature with increased fluence. At higher fluences 5×10 12 and 1×10 13 ions/cm 2 , films showed non-metallic behaviour which could be due to the disorder occurring in these films due to ion impact and precipitate formation. The elemental composition of pristine film is determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy.
Cross-Sectional Study of the Effects of Job Burnout on Immune Function in 105 Female Oncology Nurses at a Tertiary Oncology Hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Nurses who work in hospitals experience a high level of burnout and the relationship between immune variables and burnout syndrome has yet to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of job burnout on immune function in female oncology nurses in a tertiary oncology hospital in Guangxi, China. The aspects of the human immune system evaluated were humoral and cellular immunity and complement components 3 (C3) and 4 (C4). MATERIAL/METHODS: We administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), which includes scales for emotional exhaustion, depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA), to measure variables related to immune function in 105 female nurses in a tertiary oncology hospital in Guangxi, China. Levels of humoral immunity and C3 and C4 were detected with immune turbidimetry. Cellular immunity was assessed with indirect immunofluorescence. RESULTS: A Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed that levels of C3, C4, and CD4- and CD8-positive T cells were significantly associated with burnout symptoms (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.05, respectively). Furthermore, there was a correlation between demographic data and humoral and cellular immunity (both P<0.05). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that C4 levels were closely related to DP (P<0.05) and that CD4 and CD8 levels were closely related to PA (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that DP and PA have an impact on immune function, and that timely psychological and behavioral interventions can be used to reduce the degree of job burnout among nurses and regulate their immunity, thus enabling them to better serve patients.
Neonatal transport

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter gives an overview of neonatal transport. The introduction includes indications for transfer and key elements of safe and effective transfer. There is a step-by-step description of the entire process including preparation, stabilization, and transfer including the support of families. We have included a referral template and an equipment checklist. There is discussion of difficult situations including when a baby cannot be stabilized, declining transfer, and death during transfer.
“History, Criticism, Theory, and the Strange Case of Joseph Conrad and R. L. Stevenson”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

At the outset of his writing career, Joseph Conrad envisioned a horizon of expectations for his works and in so doing sought ways to reach out to the British public by combining literary ambitions and the adoption of the popular narrative forms available in the literary market. In this fundamentally dialogic attempt, the present essay argues, he found models and inspiration in the corpus of writing created by the supreme late-Victorian manipulator and creator of sub-genres: Robert Louis Stevenson, his ‘secret sharer.’ The essay then foregrounds Stevenson within the late-Victorian canon and demonstrates his proximity to Conrad both historically and in terms of his aspirations for his fiction. In questioning the validity of the modernist canon, finally, it argues that both authors cross artificially imposed literary boundaries.
B-Fitting: An Estimation Technique With Automatic Parameter

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The problem of model selection is endemic in the machine vision literature, yet largely unsolved in the statistical field. Our recent work on a theoretical statistical evaluation of the Bhattacharyya similarity metric has led us to conclude that this measure can be used to provide a solution. Here we describe how the approach may be extended to solve the problem of model selection during the functional fitting process. This paper outlines the motivation for this work and a preliminary study of the use of the technique for function fitting. It is shown how the application of the method to polynomial interpolation provides some interesting insights into the behaviour of these statistical methods and suggestions are given for possible uses of this technique in vision. 1 System Identification In some areas of machine vision the correct model required to describe a system can be derived without any real ambiguity. These situations are exemplified by the process of camera calibration where a good understanding of the physical processes involved allow us to define models which encompass the main optical and electronic effects. In other cases, however, selecting the correct model to describe a set of data is something that cannot be specified uniquely a-priori. Complicated models result in reduced ability to make predictions, but simple models
Tidal Power in the United Kingdom

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper discusses the role of tidal power in the UK in fulfilling the UKpsilas requirements for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Generating electricity from tidal range of the Severn Estuary has the potential to generate some 5% of UK electricity from a renewable indigenous resource. A study is underway to: (1) assess in broad terms the costs, benefits and impact of a project to generate power from the tidal range of the Severn Estuary, including environmental, social, regional, economic, and energy market impacts; (2) identify a single preferred tidal range project (which may be a single technology/location or a combination of these) from the number of options that have been proposed; (3) consider what measures the government could put in place to bring forward a project that fulfils regulatory requirements, and the steps that are necessary to achieve this; and (4) decide, in the context of the governmentpsilas energy and climate change goals and the alternative options for achieving these, and after public consultation, whether the government could support a tidal power project in the Severn Estuary and on what terms. The study is expected to last roughly two years (until January 2010). Under consideration is tidal range, including barrages, lagoons and other technologies, and includes a strategic environmental assessment of plans for generating electricity from the Severn Estuary tidal range to ensure a detailed understanding of its environmental resource recognising the nature conservation significance of the Estuary. The scheme would use proven technology of a hydroelectric dam but filled by the incoming tide rather than by water flowing downstream. The Severn Estuary has some of the best tidal potential in the world and could more than double the current UK supply of renewable electricity and contribute significantly to targets for renewable energy and CO 2 emissions reduction. The scheme would have a capacity of 8640 MW and produce roughly 17 TWhrs/year with a load factor of 0.22.
Pilot Operation of Vehicle Rating System in Seoul’s Green Transportation Zone and the Reduction of Particulate Matter and Air Pollution Levels

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of reducing particulate matter (PM) and air pollution levels by the pilot operation of vehicle rating system which was recently implemented in the Green Transportation Zone of Seoul. Differences-in-difference models are used as to analyze the reduction effect. PM and air pollution data are used as dependent variables; and meteorological, traffic, calendar day data as control variables. According to model, PM10 levels decreased by 2.357㎍ /m³ and PM2.5 by 1.8㎍/m³ during the pilot operation. Also, NO2 levels went down by 0.00755ppm. Findings of this study confirms that limiting vehicles that discharge air pollutants in the city helps keep PM and air pollution levels lower. The accomplishments in the pilot operation may provide positive expectations towards the actual operation of the policy.
A Preliminary Study of the Social History of the Cantonese Chinese Community in Singapore

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper aims to provide a historical study of the development of the Cantonese community in Singapore. Through an archival study of various Cantonese associations, it will focus on the connotations of what it means to be Cantonese and the lives of Cantonese people in the context of Singapore. According to a 2020 Singapore population census, the “Cantonese” are currently the third largest Chinese-dialect group, making up almost fifteen percent of the Chinese population on the island state. The term Cantonese, in Singapore, commonly refers to those originating from the vicinity of China’s Guangdong Province, mainly from the south-west region of Guangdong, along the Pearl River Delta. Outnumbered by the Hokkien and Teochew communities, the Cantonese were largely centralized in the Kreta Ayer area and were the dominant dialect group there. Yet, the definition of the term “Cantonese” involves two major issues of geographical location and language system. Being Cantonese, as per the administrative control of Guangdong Province, encompasses all of Chinese descent whose respective ancestral origins are from Guangdong. Moreover, the Cantonese are defined by the unique characteristics of the Cantonese language as well. Therefore, this paper will attempt to differentiate the multiple definitions of the term Cantonese, followed by an overall history of the Cantonese people in Singapore.
Sarcopeltis gen. nov. (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta), with S. skottsbergii comb. nov. from southern South America and S. antarctica sp. nov. from the Antarctic Peninsula

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gigartina skottsbergii is the currently accepted name for the large, peltate species of Gigartinaceae distributed in Argentina, Chile, and along the Antarctic Peninsula. However, phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences for more than twenty years indicate that two species are passing under the name G. skottsbergii, and both DNA sequences and morpho-anatomy indicate that the species are assignable to an undescribed genus. To formally validate the new genus and species, we performed next generation sequencing (NGS) on the lectotype material of G. skottsbergii to document its genetic identity and obtained its complete mitogenome and partial plastid genome. Phylogenetic analysis of rbcL and cox1 sequences of the lectotype along with recent collections of G. skottsbergii from southern South America and Antarctica, confirmed the generic distinction and the presence of two morphologically similar taxa. We propose Sarcopeltis gen. nov., containing the generitype S. skottsbergii comb. nov. from southern South America, and S. antarctica sp. nov. from the Antarctic Peninsula. Sarcopeltis is characterized by the following suite of features: 1) peg-like secondary haptera that adhere to the substratum, 2) absence of an envelope surrounding each cystocarp, 3) presence of extensive, terminal, tubular gonimoblast filaments that fuse with surrounding vegetative cells, and 4) tetrasporangia formed from secondary filaments entirely in the medulla. This study demonstrates that genetic analysis of type material, together with recently obtained DNA sequences from field collected specimens, can provide clear and objective taxonomic conclusions.
Materials Data on Sr(GaS2)2 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

SrGa2S4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fddd space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Sr2+ sites. In the first Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight S2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–S bond distances ranging from 3.14–3.17 Å. In the second Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight S2- atoms. There are four shorter (3.15 Å) and four longer (3.16 Å) Sr–S bond lengths. In the third Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight S2- atoms. There are four shorter (3.15 Å) and four longer (3.16 Å) Sr–S bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ga3+ sites. In the first Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing GaS4 tetrahedra. There are one shorter (2.27 Å) and three longer (2.32 Å) Ga–S bond lengths. In the second Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing GaS4 tetrahedra. There are one shorter (2.27 Å) and three longer (2.32 Å) Ga–S bond lengths. There are four inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+ and two equivalent Ga3+ atoms. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Sr2+ and two equivalent Ga3+ atoms.
Halogen-Bonding, Isomorphism, Polymorphism, and Kinetics of Enclathration in Host–Guest Compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The inclusion compounds formed by the host tetrakis(4-bromphenyl) ethylene and its iodo-analogue have been characterized. Their structures have been elucidated and the halogen···halogen interactions recorded. The iodo-host forms two polymorphs with 3-picoline and their structures have different void topologies which correlate with the corresponding DSC profiles. The kinetics of enclathration by the bromo-host was carried out in aqueous suspension for the 3-picoline and the 3-brompyridine guests yield distinctly different results.
Inference for linear models with radially decomposable error

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers a linear model with an error term following a so-called radially decomposable multivariate distribution which can be represented as an independent product of a random scalar component, called the radial component, and a vector component, called the base component.The radially decomposable distributions include many symmetric multivariate distributions such as spherically symmetric distributions, l\ -norm symmetric distributions, Liouville multivariate distributions and Gi-symmetric distributions with OL = 1.It is shown that the inference for the regression parameter β depends only on the distribution of the base component.Some consequences of this fact are also discussed.
Fauna and Seasonal Abundance of Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Four Stone Fruit Growing Regions of Southeastern Australia as Determined by Pheromone‐trapping

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Traps baited with synthetic aggregation pheromones of Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), C. mutilatus Erichson and C. davidsoni Dobson and fermenting bread dough were used to identify the fauna and monitor seasonal abundance of nitidulids in orchards in four stone fruit growing regions of southeastern Australia (Shepparton, Cobram (Victoria), Renmark (South Australia), Windsor (New South Wales)). During 1992‐94, seven species ( C. davidsoni, C. hemipterus, C. mutilatus, C. (Urophorus) humeralis (F.), C. gaveni Dobson, C. marginellus Motschulsky and an unidentified species “Y”) were trapped at all sites and an additional unidentified species (“X”) was recorded from Windsor. C. davidsoni was the dominant species at all sites, particularly at Shepparton where it accounted for 88‐98% of all nitidulids trapped. C. hemipterus was trapped commonly at Cobram and Renmark but was rare at Windsor and Shepparton. C. mutilatus was common at Windsor and Renmark but rare in Shepparton and Cobram. the total number of nitidulids trapped at Shepparton was 10‐15 times greater than at the other sites in 1993‐94. Seasonal abundance of Carpophilus spp. was similar at all sites with high numbers in spring, followed by a decline and a secondary peak in early summer. At the three inland sites (Shepparton, Cobram, Renmark), populations “crashed” and beetles were virtually absent during January‐March. A less dramatic decline also occurred at Windsor.
Heterozygosity and Oxygen-Consumption Rate as Predictors of Growth and Developmental Rate in Rainbow Trout

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A significant positive association between body length and multiple-locus heterozygosity is reported in a strain of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). There is also a significant negative association between the number of heterozygous loci per fish and oxygen-consumption rate. Although more heterozygous fish use less oxygen, the amount of variation explained by this relationship is small. No significant association between oxygen consumption and hatching time is evident, although fish in genotypic classes that had faster average developmental rates tended to use less oxygen. These results suggest that faster developmental and growth rates may be attributed partially to the greater metabolic efficiency of more heterozygous fish.