jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, rosuvastatin averted carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in the liver of rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of rosuvastatin in experimentally-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in rats. Carbon tetra chloride (CCl4) was administered orally to induce liver damage in female Long Evans rats. Rats were treated with CCl4 alone twice a week over two weeks. Rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg) was also given daily to CCl4 treated rats concurrently by nasogastric gavage. After two weeks, various oxidative stress markers as well as liver markers enzymes were investigated in different animal groups tested in this study. Moreover, histological assessments were also done for inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in the liver of all test groups. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were increased in the CCl4 group compared with the control group. Increased liver enzyme activities were significantly decreased by rosuvastatin treatment. Moreover, rosuvastatin treatment inhibited the formation of lipid peroxidation products in CCl4 administered rats. Rosuvastatin treatment also restored the decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as elevated the reduced glutathione concentration in CCl4 administered rats. Liver tissues from rats of control group also revealed no significant pathological changes, while CCl4 administered rats showed significant infiltration of inflammatory cells and liver fibrosis, which was further, normalized or significantly decreased by rosuvastatin treatment. This study revealed that, rosuvastatin treatment may ameliorate all necroinflammatory and fibrotic changes in liver tissues of CCl4 induced rats and could be used as an alternative therapy for chemical or drug-induced liver fibrosis. [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2020; 3(1.000): 01-08]
Naphthoquinones, benzoquinones, and anthraquinones: Molecular docking, ADME and inhibition studies on human serum paraoxonase‐1 associated with cardiovascular diseases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) has essential roles such as protecting low‐density lipoprotein against detoxification and oxidation of highly toxic compounds. Quinones are a class of compounds and a type of plant‐derived secondary metabolites. Here, PON1 was purified using very simple methods and evaluation of the interactions between the enzyme and some quinones. It was found that these quinones displayed effective inhibitor properties for PON1 with the IC 50 values in the range of 3.27–82.90 μM and the K i values in the range of 2.50 ± 0.65 to 30.90 ± 7.20 μM. These quinones displayed distinct inhibition mechanisms. It was determined that except for 5‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone and 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone all quinones exhibit competitive inhibition effects. Also, molecular docking and in silico ADME studies were performed. Usage of drugs including quinone derivatives in structure with biological activity would be hazardous in some cases.
Sedimentation processes in a short residence‐time intermontane lake, Kamloops Lake, British Columbia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Kamloops Lake in central British Columbia is a deep, intermontane lake fed by the strong and seasonally variable flows of the Thompson River. Considerations of lake‐river interaction, supported by physical and geological evidence, suggest that sediment transport and deposition within the lake is controlled by three interdependent but distinct processes: delta progradation at the lake‐river confluence which results in delta topset and foresee bedding; sediment density surges originating along the delta face which result in turbidite sequences lakeward from the base of the delta; and dispersal by the interflowing river plume which, due to Coriolis effects, results in a higher sedimentation rate and greater fraction of coarser material along the right‐hand side (Northern Hemisphere) of the lake in the direction of flow.
Diode pumped LiLa/sub 1-x/Nd/sub x/(MoO/sub 4/)/sub 2/ and Nd:Bi/sub 4/Ge/sub 3/O/sub 12/ lasers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Summary form only given. The number of attractive laser properties of the uniaxial LiLa/sub 1-x/Nd/sub x/(MoO/sub 4/)/sub 2/ (Nd:LLM) and cubic structure Nd:Bi/sub 4/Ge/sub 3/O/sub 12/ (Nd:BGO) crystals were demonstrated previously by flash lamp pumping. The main purposes of our investigations were the growth of these optically perfect highly concentrated Nd/sup 3+/ doped crystals and study of their lasing characteristics under CW diode pumping.
PCB-95 Modulates the Calcium-Dependent Signaling Pathway Responsible for Activity-Dependent Dendritic Growth

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

RyR activity contributes to dynamic remodeling of dendritic architecture in response to NDL PCBs via CaMKI-CREB-Wnt2 signaling in rats. Our findings identify PCBs as candidate environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders, especially in children with heritable deficits in calcium signaling associated with autism.
Towards culturally appropriate assessment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social and emotional well-being

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: Identification of need for specialist assessment and the use of relevant cultural information to inform mental health assessment and care are two key factors in improving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander access to and experience of mental health care. This paper describes the Here and Now Aboriginal Assessment tool (HANAA) and the Cultural Information Gathering Tool (CIGT), two instruments developed to be used respectively by non-mental health clinicians and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health workers. Method: Following widespread consultations and feedback, two independent groups of mental health clinicians based in Western Australia and Queensland were involved in developing the HANAA and CIGT. Results: Both the HANAA and CIGT fill unmet needs in terms of instruments that can be used by non-specialists working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Conclusions: Preliminary use of the HANAA and CIGT suggests that they are well received, easy to deploy and effective instruments that promote cultural security and communication with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
Are stomata in ferns and allies sluggish? Stomatal responses to CO2, humidity and light and their scaling with size and density

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Fast stomatal reactions enable plants to successfully cope with a constantly changing environment yet there is an ongoing debate on the stomatal regulation mechanisms in basal plant groups. We measured stomatal morphological parameters in 29 fern and allied species from temperate to tropical biomes and two outgroup angiosperm species. Stomatal dynamic responses to environmental drivers were measured in 16 ferns and the two angiosperms using a gas‐exchange system. Principal components analyses were used to further reveal the structure–function relationships in stomata. We show a > 10‐fold variation for stomatal opening delays and 20‐fold variation for stomatal closing delays in ferns. Across species, stomatal responses to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were the fastest, while light and [ CO 2 ] responses were slower. In most cases the outgroup species’ reaction speeds to changes in environmental variables were similar to those of ferns. Correlations between stomatal response rate and size were apparent for stomatal opening in light and low [ CO 2 ] while not evident for closing reactions and changes in VPD . No correlations between stomatal density and response speed were observed. Together, this study demonstrates different mechanisms controlling stomatal reactions in ferns at different environmental stimuli, which should be considered in future studies relating stomatal morphology and function.
Canada and the Newfoundland Labour Market, 1939–49

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

CANAOA'S RELATIONS with Newfoundland prior to •949 have been explored from many points of view, but the history of the movement of people between the two countries has been neglected. In numerical terms this movement had always been one sided, many more Newfoundlanders wanting to go to Canada than vice versa. After •939, however, this natural flow in her direction, which had been occurring since at least the mid-nineteenth century (with a complementary movement to the United States), was found by Canada to be insufficient to meet her wartime need for Newfoundland labour. Accord-
Transformation of a linear time-varying system into a linear time-invariant system

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is shown that any linear time-varying system can be transformed into a time-invariant one provided that its state transition matrix φ(t. t0) is known. In this paper two fairly large classes of linear time-varying systems that can be explicitly transformed into time-invariant ones without using full information on φ(t. t0) are identified. They are the algebraically invariable systems and the γ-algebraically invariable systems. These classes include the well known Floquet systems and the Euler systems as special cases. It is also shown that any commutative system is γ-algebraieally invariable. Explicit methods of finding the desired algebraic transformation and the tγtransformation are also given. Several examples are presented and their stability is discussed.
PRINCIPLES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE FUGUE AND CHORALE IN THE CANTATES OF I.S. BACH

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Исследование направлено на рассмотрение взаимодействия хорала и фуги в духовных кантатах И. С. Баха через призму сравнительного анализа принципов применения хорального первоисточника в специфических условиях крупной циклической вокально-инструментальной формы.
Preferences of Hospital Pharmacists for the Different Attributes of Intravitreal Treatments for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Macular Edema in Spain: The SEEKING Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The process of evaluation and selection of drugs in Spain is currently changing, with hospital pharmacists (HPs) having a growing relevance. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to assess HPs’ preferences for different hypothetical intravitreal treatments for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ocular adverse events (AE), annual drug cost, available presentation, and mechanisms of action (MoA) were the selected attributes. A conjoint analysis was used. Ninety-one HPs completed the study. The mean (SD) age was 39.2 (10.2) years, 60.4% were female, and the mean (SD) time of experience as HP was 12.6 (8.3) years. For nAMD treatments, BCVA (38.6%) and ocular AE (27.3%) were the most important attributes, while annual drug cost (16.3%), available presentation (11.1%), and MoA (6.7%) were not as important. For DME drugs, BCVA (44.6%) and ocular AE (25.5%) were the most significant factors; annual drug cost (17.9%), the drug’s available presentation (7.3%), and MoA (4.8%) were not considered to be as crucial. Preferences were comparable independent of HP experience. Effectiveness and safety were the most important attributes when choosing a drug. Comprehending the significant characteristics for HPs could potentially improve their collaborative function within multidisciplinary teams involved in intravitreal treatments.
NATURAL EXPERIMENTS ON THE RAW-MILK PRICES FOR DISCLOSING MARKET POWER

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study measures the degree of oligopoly power of domestic marketers in the Korean white fluid milk market using natural experiments. It extends the number of experiments to eight times covering more than 20 years and considers a dynamic game to check the robustness of the estimates covered by previous studies. The results show that the estimates obtained by the eight experiments and a dynamic game are quite similar to those obtained by a one-shot experiment with a static game. The results show that the Korean white fluid milk market is far from perfect competition.
Restoring Quality and Sustainability Through Functionalized Nanocatalytic Processes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A walk toward safety and security in terms of sustainability is being initiated to resolve the issues related to challenges of energy sources and environmental criteria. Keeping in view the increasing demand of a sustainable technology which can reduce the burden in terms of risks associated with environment and climate, nanotechnology is now emerging as a vital technology that provides ready solutions in terms of cost effectiveness, environmental acceptability, and specificity, respectively. The innovative aspect of nanotechnology has been emphasizing on cutting edge processes like nanofibers/membranes/channels/chambers for water filtration and distillation. Electrospun nanofilters and electrospinning strategies with upgraded surface modifications are emerging as the most promising nanocomponent offering a lightweight, high porosity, cost-effective, and lower energy consumption criteria for water treatment. The present chapter highlights the sustainable approach of nanotechnology through "Nanoremidiation", energy conservation, and water purification processes with advanced approaches toward sustainability.
Early Childhood Education in Indonesia; A Primary Study on The Beneficiary Family of International Non-Government Organization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of parental understanding on the Early Childhood Education in the beneficiary family of programs held by the International Non-Government Organization. The research participants were the beneficiary family listed and provided by World Vision Indonesia and Child Fund Indonesia. The research used a quantitative research approach with self-administered survey instruments. The sample used for the present research is the beneficiary of the programmes that had been implemented by INGO, which includes 325 research participants located in Jakarta and Banten. The data collection took place on March 2020 using online media survey, with validity test have been done before the research instruments shared to all the participants. There were nine questions in the survey with nominal data value for every question rated on a 5-point Likert scale and the ratings summed into items corresponding to early childhood education. The analysis of the research instrument was using SPSS series 25 and the all of items being tested were valid with reliability statistic number 896 on Alpha Cronbach scale. The result shown that the child’s education perceiving by the parents falls under the upper-class category with total score 16,341 out of 19,500 perfect score limit.
Generalized hurst exponents as a tool to estimate Atrial Fibrillation organization from the surface ECG

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common supraventricular arrhythmia found in clinical practice. The aim of the present work has been the application of the generalized Hurst Exponent of order 2, H(2), to study AF organization from the surface ECG. H(2) relates to the behavior of the autocorrelation function of a time series, thus measuring long-term statistical dependencies that could be used to estimate AF organization. Since the spontaneous termination of paroxysmal AF is related to the arrhythmia organization, the AF Termination Database available at Physionet has been analyzed to test the method's ability in the discrimination of organization-related events. The performance of H(2) was compared with two noninvasive established AF organization metrics, the dominant atrial frequency (DAF) and Sample Entropy (SampEn). H(2) yielded better classification accuracy results (95.0%) than DAF and SampEn (both 88.3%). Moreover, statistically significant differences were found between non-terminating and terminating groups and also between soon terminating and terminating groups. As conclusion, H(2) can be considered as a promising tool for the non-invasive study of AF organization.
Superconformal silicon carbide coatings via precursor pulsed chemical vapor deposition

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, silicon carbide (SiC) coatings were successfully grown by pulsed chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The precursors silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) and ethylene (C2H4) were not supplied in a continuous flow but were pulsed alternately into the growth chamber with H2 as a carrier and a purge gas. A typical pulsed CVD cycle was SiCl4 pulse—H2 purge—C2H4 pulse—H2 purge. This led to growth of superconformal SiC coatings, which could not be obtained under similar process conditions using a constant flow CVD process. We propose a two-step framework for SiC growth via pulsed CVD. During the SiCl4 pulse, a layer of Si is deposited. In the following C2H4 pulse, this Si layer is carburized, and SiC is formed. The high chlorine surface coverage after the SiCl4 pulse is believed to enable superconformal growth via a growth inhibition effect.
Association of high birth weight with overweight and obesity in Chinese students aged 6–18 years: a national, cross-sectional study in China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in China has drastically increased 57 times over the past 30 years, and to control birth weight is an effective way to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity across the life course. Objective This paper aimed to evaluate the association of high birth weight (HBW) with overweight and obesity in Chinese students aged 6–18 years. Methods All students with HBW (n=4981) aged 6–18 years were selected from a cross-sectional survey from seven provinces of China, and 4981 other students with normal birth weight (NBW) were randomly sampled with matched gender, age and province. Anthropometric parameters were measured and characteristics were collected by questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the OR of overweight and obesity with HBW, unadjusted and adjusted for confounding factors. Results Participants with HBW revealed higher body mass index in childhood. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was significantly higher in the HBW group than in the NBW group (overweight 15.3% vs 13.1%, p<0.05; obesity 16.9% vs 10.6%, p<0.05), and the results were similar for overweight in all age groups except age 6–7, age 14–15 and age 16–18. Additionally, HBW was positively associated with overweight (OR=1.230; 95% CI 1.056 to 1.432) and obesity (OR=1.611; 95% CI 1.368 to 1.897) after adjustment for covariates. Conclusions HBW leads to an increased risk of overweight and obesity in childhood; thus, measures to control birth weight, such as controlling gestational weight gain, should be taken from the earliest beginning of life. Trial registration number NCT02343588 ; Post-results.
Influence of angelica sinenisis injection on expression level of adherent molecule and proliferating cycle of bone marrow cells in irradiated mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

目的 探讨当归注射液对辐射损伤小鼠骨髓有核细胞黏附分子表达及增殖周期的影响.方法 BALB/c小鼠随机分为3组:正常组、照射组和当归注射液预防组.正常组:即未经照射组.照射组:于照射前3 d起给予10 ml·kg-1·d-1无菌生理盐水腹腔注射.当归注射液预防组:于照射前3 d起给予腹腔注射当归注射液2.5 g·kg-1·d-1.于照射后第7天断颈处死小鼠,取出股骨,计数骨髓单个核细胞.经流式细胞仪分别检测骨髓单个核细胞黏附分子CD49d和CD49e及G0/G1期细胞百分率和周期蛋白D2表达水平.结果 与正常组比较,照射组造血细胞明显减少,骨髓有核细胞黏附分子CD49d和CD49e表达明显下降,G0/G1期细胞百分率明显增加,而细胞周期蛋白D2表达水平明显降低,当归注射液预防组能增加骨髓单个核细胞计数,明显提高细胞黏附分子CD49d和CD49e的表达,降低G0/G1期细胞百分率,提高细胞周期蛋白D2的表达水平.结论 当归注射液能通过提高细胞黏附分子表达水平,刺激细胞周期蛋白D2的表达促进造血细胞的增殖。
Nanoindentation characterisation of GaN films and Se nanotubes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Mechanical properties of GaN films and Se nanotubes were measured by nanoindentation tests. The GaN films were grown epitaxially on cplane sapphire substrate by MOCVD technique, while Se nanotubes were readily produced by the dismutation of Na2SeSO3. The effect of penetration depth and tip shape on the mechanical properties was studied and discussed according to the elastic-plastic behaviours and features of microstructures. The indenter geometry had a great influence on the elastic modulus and hardness, as well on the characteristic deflection points in the load-depth curves. Meanwhile, the nanoindentation was successfully made by transversely pressing the indenter tip into Se nanotubes. The load-penetration depth curves seemed to be bi-linear, corresponding to the elastic and plastic deformation process. As soon as the penetration depth reached 30 nm, the collapse of Se nanotube occurred.
Stress‐Induced Dark Line Defect Formation in GaAlAs : Si LED's

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Homojunction, graded bandgap LED's have been demonstrated to be highly reliable. During accelerated aging (30 mA forward bias, 250°C), these LED's generally degrade slowly without the formation of dark lines or dark spots. It has recently been found, however, that some LED's show a rapid reduction of light output even when aged without current bias at 200°C. <110> oriented dark lines appeared in the electroluminescence image of heavily degraded devices. To determine the source of the DLD's, the material quality of degraded LED's and unaged LED's from the same wafer was assessed using etch pitting and transmission cathodoluminescence. Examination of the devices revealed the presence of small pyramids, composed mainly of silicon, on the p‐surface of some of the LED's; no unusual features were found on the remaining LED's. A dislocation network surrounding each pyramid was found to be initially present. Due to bonding and thermal stresses applied to the pyramids, these networks enlarged with aging along the {111} planes and appeared as <110> DLD's in the electroluminescence image upon reaching the p‐n junction. In degraded LED's from pyramid‐free regions of the wafer with pyramids, <110> DLD's initiate at dicing damage and regions of the p‐surface subject to high bonding stress, i.e. edges and corners. The growth of these DLD's is identical to those initiating at pyramids. A similar study of LED's from a wafer that is totally free of pyramids shows that DLD's are not formed in devices that degrade slowly.
Knowledge and Awareness About Different Layering Techniques of Composites and their Post-Operative Sensitivity Among Dental Students

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Esthetically pleasing restorations are much desirable in modern day conservative dentistry.Composite resins are currently the most popular tooth coloured restorative material.Despite excellent esthetic results, due to polymerization shrinkage they are prone to marginal leakage and thus sensitivity.To minimize the demerits, efforts are still made in terms of different layering techniques of composites.The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and awareness about different layering techniques of composites and their post-operative sensitivity among dental students.A questionnaire comprising 10 questions were formulated with 5 questions relating to knowledge, 5 questions regarding awareness about different layering techniques of composites and their post-operative sensitivity.The questionnaire was then administered among 100 dental students including 50 male students and 50 female students.The responses were then subjected to statistical analysis.Frequency distribution and percentage and chi-square test were done to find the association between the response of each question with respect to gender..The present study showed that even though the majority of students were aware about different layering techniques employed in composite restoration, the knowledge about specific techniques was still inadequate.Also, females had better knowledge and awareness as compared to males.