jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstracts From the 48th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Blood pressure (BP) is strongly associated with body weight and there is concern that the pediatric overweight epidemic could lead to an increase in children's mean BP. Objectives: We analyzed BP trends from 1998 to 2006 among children of the Seychelles, a rapidly developing middle-income country in Africa. Methods: Serial school-based surveys of weight, height and BP were conducted yearly between 1998-2006 among all students of the country in four school grades (kindergarten, 4th, 7th and 10th years of compulsory school). We used the CDC criteria to define "overweight" (BMI _95th sex-, and age-specific percentile) and the NHBPEP criteria for "elevated BP" (BP _95th sex-, age-, and height specific percentile). Methods for height, weight, and BP measurements were identical over the study period. The trends in mean BMI and mean systolic/diastolic BP were assessed with linear regression. Results: 27,703 children aged 4-18 years (participation rate: 79%) contributed 43,927 observations on weight, height, and BP. The prevalence of overweight increased from 5.1% in 1998-2000 to 8.1% in 2004-2006 among boys, and from 6.1% to 9.1% among girls, respectively. The prevalence of elevated BP was 8.4% in 1998-2000 and 6.9% in 2004-2006 among boys; 9.8% and 7.8% among girls, respectively. Over the 9-years study period, age-adjusted body mass index (BMI) increased by 0.078 kg/m2/year in boys and by 0.083 kg/m2/year in girls (both sexes, P_0.001). Age- and height-adjusted systolic BP decreased by -0.37 mmHg/year in boys and by -0.34 mmHg/year in girls (both sexes, P_0.001). Diastolic BP did not change in boys (-0.02 mmHg/year, P: 0.40) and slightly increased in girls (0.07 mmHg/year, P: 0.003). These trend estimates were altered modestly upon further adjustment for BMI or if analyses were based on median rather than mean values. Conclusion: Although body weight increased markedly between 1998 and 2006 in this population, systolic BP decreased and diastolic BP changed only marginally. This suggests that population increases in body weight are not necessarily associated with corresponding rises in BP in children.
(A47) Disaster Nurses in Developing Countries: Strengthening Disaster Nurses' Competencies through Training and Disaster Drills

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Introduction In many developing countries nurses are the front-line of care, yet do not receive appropriate theoretical or clinical skills related to disaster and emergency medicine. The ICN/WHO have outlined disaster nursing competencies for improving disaster nursing globally. These can serve as a basis for strengthening nursing through increased participation in training programs. In Mumbai, India during December 2010, MEMEX II occurred: a 7 day training in disaster preparedness and humanitarian response. This was the first time nurses were included in a separate disaster nursing track to improve skills and knowledge. Methods Through Cornell and Columbia Universities; faculty, Indian nurses clinical competencies and disaster theory were strengthened through training in clinical trauma management, CPR, disaster preparedness and drills, public health evaluation, and the disaster cycle. 700 participants from medical, education, government and private/public entities collaborated in the training program, culminating in a large scale disaster drill and needs assessment workshop for high-level stakeholders. Results Nurses improved emergency clinical skills and gained theoretical disaster knowledge for the first time. Nurses located at the disaster event site gained important insight into the role of Emergency Medical Services, police, fire, and civilian defense during disaster response. Triage skills were improved and an evaluation component enabled vital information to be collected for hospital preparedness. A video was made for future training and for evaluation purposes. Nurses planned to establish coordination networks amongst the 9 hospitals present to regularly review disaster preparedness plans. Conclusions Strengthening nursing competencies in disaster planning and emergency response is vital to advancing nursing in developing countries and building capacity through global networking. Through a multi-disciplinary approach, professional networks can be formed, disaster plans reviewed and clinical skills improved. Nursing input is vital to hospital and community preparedness and nurses must be included in training programs and needs assessments.
Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Features in Gallbladder Malignancies: Retrospective Analysis of 5206 Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Gallbladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer of the gastrointestinal system. Clinical presentation may not be distinguished from cholelithiasis or cholecystitis and most patients are diagnosed intraoperatively or in the postoperative histologic examination. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of incidentally detected gallbladder cancer with gallbladder premalignant lesions, age, gender, ultrasonography features and gallbladder stones. Methods: demographic and clinical characteristics and pathology results of 5206 patients who underwent cholecystectomy between January 2012 and December 2015 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: three thousand eight hundred and eighty four (74.6%) patients were female. Pathologic reports showed pre-malignant and malignant lesions in 102 (1.95%) cases. Metaplasia was significantly more common in females, while no significant difference was found in development of dysplasia and cancer between genders. Gallbladder stone was found to be a risk factor for the development of metaplasia. Gallbladder wall thickening and advanced age are the most important risk factors for gallbladder cancer. Conclusion: female gender and gallstone are important risk factors for the development of metaplasia. Advanced age, gallstone and gallbladder wall thickening on ultrasonography are the most important factors in the development cancer. Cholecystectomy should be kept in mind as the most effective method to prevent cancer development in elderly patients with gallbladder stones. / Amaç: safra kesesi kanseri, gastrointestinal sistemin en yaygın altıncı kanseridir. Klinik prezentasyon safra kesesi taşı veya kolesistitden ayırt edilemez ve çoğu hasta intraoperatif veya postoperatif histolojik incelemede tanı alır. Bu çalışmada, insidental olarak tespit edilmiş safra kesesi kanserli olguların safra kesesi pre-malign lezyonları, yaş, cinsiyet, ultrasonografi özellikleri ve safra kesesi taşı ile ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Yöntemler: Ocak 2012-Aralık 2015 tarihleri arasında kolesistektomi uygulanan 5206 hastanın demografik ve klinik özellikleri, patoloji sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: hastaların 3884’ü (%74,6) kadındı. Patoloji raporlarında 102 (%1,95) olguda pre-malign ve malign lezyonlar olduğu tespit edildi. Metaplazi kadınlarda anlamlı olarak daha fazla iken, displazi ve kanser gelişimi arasında cinsiyete göre anlamlı bir fark bulunamadı. Safra kesesi taşı metaplazi gelişiminde bir risk faktörü olarak bulundu. Safra kesesi duvar kalınlaşmasının ve ileri yaşın safra kesesi kanseri gelişimi için en önemli risk faktörleri olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç: metaplazi gelişiminde kadın cinsiyet ve taş varlığı önemli faktörlerdir. Ultrasonografide safra kesesi duvar kalınlaşması, ileri yaş, safra kesesinde taşı varlığı kanser gelişiminde en önemli faktörlerdir. Kolesistektomi, ileri yaşta safra kesesi taşı olan hastalarda kanser gelişimini önlemek için en etkili yöntem olarak akılda tutulmalıdır.
National Energy Policies and the electricity sector in Malaysia

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Since its independence in 1957, Malaysia has gone a long way towards developing its economy and infrastructures. As one of the fast growing developing nations, its world renowned infrastructures include the Petronas Twin Towers, the SMART tunnel and the Bakun hydro dam. A key component that enables this growth is its secure, affordable and reliable electricity sector. Even though the initial electricity facilities here were constructed by the British during colonization, Malaysia continued to nurture its development and improve its reliability through her national policies, to ensure that it continued to support her growth and prowess. The main national policy pertaining to the electricity sector in Malaysia is the National Energy Policy. It was formulated in 1979 to ensure efficient, secure and environmentally sustainable supplies of energy, including electricity. Later, other policies were also formulated to address arising issues and concerns in the energy sector. Among them were the National Depletion Policy, the Four Fuel Diversification Policy and the Fifth Fuel Policy. This paper reviews and discusses their implementation and various impacts on the electricity sector in Malaysia.
The Inner Circle of Power on Twitter? How Politicians and Journalists Form a Virtual Network Elite in Finland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Top-level politicians and political journalists have been key actors in public discussion necessary for a democratic political system and transparent political decision-making. This article presents an empirical social network analysis showing the connections between Finnish top-level politicians and political journalists on Twitter and the construction of mediated political and media elites in this specific context. The article argues that there is a need to take seriously the Twitter as a medium and the new ways of networking provided by the digital, hybrid media environment in particular. The results of our empirical study suggest that it may even be relevant to talk about mediated elites, which have emerged under the new social condition created by the digitalization of media, culture, and society.
ET-19 * A PHASE 1 STUDY EVALUATING ABT-414 WITH TEMOZOLOMIDE (TMZ) OR CONCURRENT RADIOTHERAPY (RT) AND TMZ IN GLIOBLASTOMA (GBM)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Standard therapies have little effect on the poor survival rates of GBM. Abnormal epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and signaling are common in GBM. ABT-414 is a unique antibody-drug conjugate, with a toxic payload (MMAF) targeted to active EGFR or mutant EGFRvIII, that has demonstrated high antitumor activity in preclinical GBM tumor models. METHODS: Objectives were to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ABT-414 when administered with TMZ (recurrent or unresectable GBM, Arm B) or concurrent RT and TMZ (newly diagnosed GBM, Arm A). Adverse events (AEs), PK parameters, objective response (RANO), and tumor tissue EGFR biomarkers were assessed. Dose escalation was determined by the continual reassessment method (CRM). RESULTS: As of April, 2014, 22/21 pts were treated in Arm A/B. Common treatment-emergent AEs included fatigue(n= 11/ 6, Arm A/B); blurred vision(n = 10/9); AST increase(n = 9, Arm A); and nausea(n = 7/7) Grade 3/4 AEs (≥ 2 pts) included lymphopenia(n = 3); eye toxicity(n = 3); brain edema, ALT, AST(n = 2 each) in Arm A and keratitis(n = 2) in Arm B. Doses from 0.5-3.2mg/kg have been explored. Dose limiting toxicities primarily affecting the eye (keratitis) and liver occurred at multiple doses. The CRM has predicted 2.4mg/kg as the MTD in Arm A and 1.25mg/kg in Arm B. Patient samples are being evaluated for EGFR expression, amplification and EGFRvIII status. Efficacy endpoints are not yet mature in Arm A, but 4 patients in Arm B have best responses of 3 PRs and 1 CR. CONCLUSIONS: PK and safety data support doses of 2.4 and 1.25mg/kg as the predicted MTD in Arms A and B. Preliminary safety data demonstrate liver and eye toxicities in Arm A and primarily eye toxicities in Arm B. Updated biomarker results as they correlate with efficacy will be reported. Phase 2 studies assessing ABT-414 in GBM are planned.
Traumatic and Overuse Injuries Among International Elite Junior Rowers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Junior rowers have competed internationally for over 4 decades, and there are no epidemiological data available on traumatic and overuse injury in this population. Objective To define the types of musculoskeletal problems present in international elite-level junior rowers and to determine whether gender, physical stature, rowing discipline, and training programs affect the incidence of reported injuries. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Injury data were obtained from a total of 398 rowers (42% female, 58% male) who completed a 4-page questionnaire on injury incidence while participating at the Junior World Rowing Championships in Beijing, People’s Republic of China, in August 2007. Results Overall, 290 (73.8%) reported injuries involved overuse, and 103 (26.2%) were related to a single traumatic event. Female rowers were injured more frequently than male rowers (110.2 vs 90.5 injuries per 100 rowers). In both genders, the most common injury site was the low back followed by the knee and the forearm/wrist. The severity of reported injuries was incidental in 65.1%, minor in 21.4%, moderate in 10.4%, and major in 3.1% of cases. The rowers with traumatic injuries had less rowing experience than the uninjured rowers (median [C] ± interquartile range [Q] = 3 ± 3 years vs 4 ± 3 years; P = .043, Mann-Whitney test). Sweep rowers who changed rowing side during the current season had significantly more acute-onset low back injuries ( P = .012, χ 2 test) than those who did not change rowing side during the same period. The incidence of traumatic injuries was significantly lower in rowers who regularly performed more than 10 minutes of posttraining stretching ( P = .030, χ 2 test). Athletes who ran more than once a week had more overuse knee injuries than those who ran once or less per week ( P = .033, χ 2 test). Conclusion Elite junior rowers attending the World Rowing Championships reported predominantly overuse injuries of low severity during the current rowing season. Low back injuries were the most frequent complaint of elite-level junior rowers.
SRC family tyrosine kinases and cytokine‐induced arginase expression in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

L‐arginine can be metabolized by arginase to urea and L‐ornithine, which can then form proline and polyamines in pulmonary endothelial cells. Proline and polyamines are central to the vascular remodeling seen in pulmonary hypertension. We have shown that pharmacological inhibition of the SRC family tyrosine kinases (STK) attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced arginase expression and urea production in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Of the STKs fyn, yes and src are widely expressed in the body. We hypothesized that specific STKs are involved in cytokine‐mediated arginase up‐regulation. To test this hypothesis, human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (hPMVEC) were treated with an siRNA against fyn, an siRNA against src, or scramble siRNA. After 48 hours the cells were treated with cytomix (LPS, TNF, interleukin‐1β, and interferon‐γ), and harvested after 24 hours to determine fyn, src, and arginase II protein levels. Treatment with the siRNA against fyn prevented the cytomix‐induced up‐regulation of arginase II expression in hPMVEC. Although treatment with an siRNA against src resulted in substantially less src expression, it did not prevent the cytomix‐induced up‐regulation of arginase II expression in hPMVEC. Treatment with a scramble siRNA had no effect on fyn or src expression, or arginase II expression following treatment with cytomix. Our results suggest that fyn is involved in cytokine‐induced arginase II expression in hPMVEC. We speculate that fyn may represent a unique pathway regulating arginase II expression in pulmonary hypertension associated with inflammatory lung diseases.
Prediction of forming accuracy in incremental sheet forming using artificial neural networks on local surface representations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract While incremental sheet metal forming offers the potential for producing sheet metal parts in small lot sizes, the relatively low forming accuracy prevents widespread industrial use. For improving the forming accuracy, research institutes are using machine learning techniques to predict the geometric accuracy and modify the toolpath based on the prediction. A critical challenge is it to ensure the generalizability of the prediction model as only a small amount of process data is available to train the model due to the lack of industrial collaborations. This publication presents a highly transferable feature engineering approach where surface representations of the part’s geometry around each toolpath point are transferred into a standardized coordinate system. Several artificial neural networks were trained and used for predicting the forming accuracy and modifying the toolpath. During the validation experiments, the forming errors of parts which were independent of the training process were reduced by up to 68.5 %. The framework for computing the surface representations alongside with several pre-trained artificial neural networks is publicity available for download.
Impact of Structural and Non-Structural Measures on the Risk of Flash Floods in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study of the Gash River, Kassala, Eastern Sudan

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sediment precipitation in riverbeds influences the effectiveness of structural and non-structural measures for flash flood mitigation and increases the potential for flooding. This study aimed to disclose the effectiveness of the implemented measures for flood risk mitigation in Kassala town, eastern Sudan. We employed remote sensing (RS) and GIS techniques to determine the change in the Gash River riverbed, the morphology, and the leveling of both the eastern and western sides of the river. Flood model simulation and a 3D path profile were generated using the digital elevation model (DEM) with a data resolution of 12.5 m from the ALOS BILSAR satellite. The main purpose of this study is to extract the layer of elevation of the riverbed on both the western and eastern banks and to determine the variations and their relationship to flood occurrence and mitigation. The construction of dikes and spurs near Kassala town has led to sediment precipitation, causing the riverbed to rise. The results show that it is now 1.5 m above the eastern Kassala town level, with a steep slope of 2 m/km, and the cross-section area at Kassala bridge has shrunk, which indicates that the bridge body will partially impede the river’s high discharge and increase the potential for flood risk in the study area. The eastern part of Kassala town has a higher likelihood of flooding than the western side. This study suggests redesigning structural measures like widening the Gash River, extending Kassala bridge for normal water flow, strengthening early warning systems, and implementing soil conservation activities for normal water flow.
The binding of metal ions to bovine factor IX.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The binding isotherms of Ca2+ and Mn2+ to bovine factor IX have been determined at pH 6.5 and pH 7.4, at 25 degrees C. At pH 7.4, at least 2 strong Ca2+ sites, with an average KDISS of 0.1 +/- 0.02 mM, are found. An additional 10 to 11 weaker Ca2+ binding sites, with an average KDISS of 1.3 +/- 0.2 mM are noted, at high levels of Ca2+. At pH 6.5, again at least 2 strong Ca2+ sites on factor IX are evident, with an average KDISS of 0.11 +/- 0.02 mM; but slightly fewer (7 to 8) weaker sites, with an average KDISS of 1.9 +/- 0.3 mM, are obtained. Qualitatively, the binding of Mn2+ to bovine factor IX appears similar to that of Ca2+. At pH 6.5, approximately 2 strong Mn2+ binding sites, with an average KDISS of 13 +/- 1.5 micrometer, and an additional 5 to 6 weak sites, with an average KDISS of 160 +/- 15 micrometer, are present. Manganese does not completely displace Ca2+; and Ca2+ does not completely displace Mn2+ from their respective binding sites. On the other hand, Tb3+ and Sm3+ readily displace Ca2+, at pH 6.5, from its sites on factor IX. The rate and extent of activation of bovine factor IX, by bovine factor XIa, is dependent on the Ca2+ concentration, up to concentrations of Ca2+ which saturate its effect on the system. Substitution of Sr2+ for Ca2+ leads to approximately 50% of the maximum rate of factor IXa formation, and final yield of factor IXa, in this activation system. Manganese does not substitute for Ca2+ in this activation, but does inhibit the stimulatory effect of Ca2+. Both Tb3+ and Sm3+ are effective inhibitors of Ca2+ in factor IX activation by factor XIa.
The relationship between social problem-solving and suicidal ideation and behavior in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective: This article aimed to review and meta-analyse the relationship between social problem-solving and suicidal ideation, behavior, and risk (a combined measure of ideation and behavior). Method: A systematic search was carried out in February 2023 using PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PubMed. Key inclusion criteria were published studies that recruited adults (aged ≥16 years), clinical or nonclinical samples, and presented data on the relationship between social problem-solving and suicidal ideation, behavior, or risk. Findings were meta-analysed and narratively reviewed. Results: A total of 35 studies were included in the review. Meta-analyses showed small–medium-sized negative relationships between social problem-solving and suicidal ideation (r = −.28) and suicide risk (r = −.24). A narrative synthesis also suggested a relationship between social problem-solving and suicidal behavior. These relationships appeared to be partly explained by depression and/or hopelessness. The relationships between social problem-solving facets and suicidal ideation, behavior, and risk, varied. Discussion: These findings provide the most robust evidence to date for the role of social problem-solving in suicidality and have important implications for risk assessment and intervention development. The generalizability of the findings is limited due to study samples being biased toward young, female, university students from the United States.
Introduction to synthesis of current science

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Preparation of this report was commissioned to a group of scientists and land managers by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, for the purpose of synthesizing current scientific literature to answer an important question facing the managers of Federal, State, and private lands in many parts of the country: At the watershed scale, what potential cumulative environmental effects might result from implementing fuel-reduction activities on forested landscapes? The main body of this report is a compilation of their findings, including both what can and cannot be concluded from the current science.