jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Interpreting Results from Clinical Trials: Understanding Minimal Clinically Important Differences in COPD Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This issue of the COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease presents the papers from the “Workshop on Minimal Clinically Important Differences in COPD” held in Bal Harbour, Florida, on January 11–13, 2004. The goals of this meeting were to: discuss the significance of and methodology for determining minimal clinically important differences (MCID) in health outcomes of importance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); review the current knowledge about MCID in outcomes of importance, including dyspnea, quality of life, exercise performance, and pulmonary function, in the management of patients with COPD; apply methodologies to determine MCID using existing data for outcomes of importance in COPD; and develop recommendations for further studies to determine MCID in health outcomes of importance in COPD.
Highly restricted near‐surface permafrost extent during the mid-Pliocene warm period

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Accurate understanding of permafrost dynamics is critical for evaluating and mitigating impacts that may arise as permafrost degrades in the future; however, existing projections have large uncertainties. Studies of how permafrost responded historically during Earth’s past warm periods are helpful in exploring potential future permafrost behavior and to evaluate the uncertainty of future permafrost change projections. Here, we combine a surface frost index model with outputs from the second phase of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project to simulate the near‐surface (~3 to 4 m depth) permafrost state in the Northern Hemisphere during the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP, ~3.264 to 3.025 Ma). This period shares similarities with the projected future climate. Constrained by proxy-based surface air temperature records, our simulations demonstrate that near‐surface permafrost was highly spatially restricted during the mPWP and was 93 ± 3% smaller than the preindustrial extent. Near‐surface permafrost was present only in the eastern Siberian uplands, Canadian high Arctic Archipelago, and northernmost Greenland. The simulations are similar to near‐surface permafrost changes projected for the end of this century under the SSP5-8.5 scenario and provide a perspective on the potential permafrost behavior that may be expected in a warmer world.
Decoupling Analysis for Urban Industrial Sectors:A Case Study of Chongqing

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the basic state policies in China to deal with energy shortage and global warming issues.The central government of China has developed a set of goals and designated specific tasks to local governments.Cities are the center of human life and production activities,and rapid urbanization has brought about rapid growth of population,energy consumption and carbon emission.Industrial sector is playing an important role in urban economic development and energy consumption,and thus,it should be an essential target of energy conservation and emission reduction.Chongqing,an important city in southwest China,is under mounting pressure of achieving the goals.Decoupling theory was then employed in this paper to analyze the relationships between the economic growth,energy consumption and carbon emission of industrial sectors in Chongqing.Meanwhile,a new indicator was proposed to estimate the stability of decoupling and forecast its trend.Results showed that:1) the industrial sector in Chongqing depends mostly on coal for energy supply;2) though in a stably weak decoupling condition,energy intensity and emission intensity of some sectors are well above the average;3) the two sectors with low energy intensity have poor stability due to the restriction of technology.Several suggestions on energy conservation and emission reduction are finally recommended for the sustainable development of Chongqing industrial sectors.
Optical Technologies for Early GI Cancer Detection: Many Ways to Skin a Cat

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article consists of a Powerpoint presentation on optical technologies for early GI cancer detection. The areas discussed include: optical diagnostics; white-light endoscopy; optical coherence tomography; microendoscopy; endocytology; fluorescence endoscopy; Raman spectroscopy; confocal microscopy; diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and elastic scattering spectroscopy etc. etc.
Regulation of Yeast Cytokinesis by Calcium

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The role of calcium, an essential secondary messenger, in cell division remains an outstanding question in cell biology despite several significant findings over the past few decades. Among them is the landmark discovery of intracellular calcium waves during cytokinesis, the last stage of cell division, in fish cells. Nevertheless, subsequent studies have been largely unable to determine the underlying molecular mechanism of these cytokinetic transients. At the center of this stalemate stands two challenging questions, how these calcium transients rise and what they do during cytokinesis. Yeast, despite its proven prowess as a model organism to study cell cycle, has not drawn much interest in addressing these questions. However, the recent discovery of cytokinetic calcium spikes in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has provided novel insights into how calcium regulates cytokinesis. In this review, I will primarily focus on our current understanding of the molecular mechanism of cytokinetic calcium transients in yeast cells. First, I will briefly recount the discovery of cytokinetic calcium transients in animal cells. This will be followed by an introduction to the intracellular calcium homeostasis. Next, I will discuss yeast cytokinetic calcium spikes, the ion channel Pkd2 that promotes these spikes, and the potential molecular targets of these spikes. I will also compare the calcium regulation of cytokinesis between yeast and animal cells. I will conclude by presenting a few critical questions in our continued quest to understand how calcium regulates cytokinesis.
A novel reseeding technique for accumulator-based test pattern generation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Article Share on A novel reseeding technique for accumulator-based test pattern generation Authors: X. Kavousianos Computer Technology Institute, Patras, Greece Computer Technology Institute, Patras, GreeceView Profile , D. Bakalis Dept of Comp. Engineering & Informatics, University of Patras, Greece Dept of Comp. Engineering & Informatics, University of Patras, GreeceView Profile , D. Nikolos Dept of Comp. Engineering & Informatics, University of Patras, Greece Dept of Comp. Engineering & Informatics, University of Patras, GreeceView Profile Authors Info & Claims GLSVLSI '01: Proceedings of the 11th Great Lakes symposium on VLSIMarch 2001 Pages 7–12https://doi.org/10.1145/368122.368145Online:01 March 2001Publication History 3citation169DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads169Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Vertebroplasty, Kyphoplasty, and Implant-Based Mechanical Vertebral Augmentation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Vertebral compression fractures are a global public health issue with a quantifiable negative impact on patient morbidity and mortality. The contemporary approach to the treatment of osteoporotic fragility fractures has moved beyond first-line nonsurgical management. An improved understanding of biomechanical forces, consequential morbidity and mortality, and the drive to reduce opioid use has resulted in multidisciplinary treatment algorithms and significant advances in augmentation techniques. This review will inform musculoskeletal radiologists, interventionalists, and minimally invasive spine surgeons on the proper work-up of patients, imaging features differentiating benign and malignant pathologic fractures, high-risk fracture morphologies, and new mechanical augmentation device options, and it describes the appropriate selection of devices, complications, outcomes, and future trends.
Reliability of Planar GaAs Schottky Diodes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This research focuses on the gathering and analysis of accelerated life test data for planar GaAs Schottky diodes fabricated at the University of Virginia. Reliability estimates are desired by users who wish to operate diodes in a space environment. Because mission times of several years are planned, accelerated life testing proved necessary. Such testing involves the application of some failure accelerating stress to the devices in order to shorten their lifetimes. In this case, elevated temperature served as the accelerating stress, causing the diodes' current voltage characteristics to degrade. Two batches of diodes, balanced mixers (SD2T6) and single anode diodes (E02PR2526), were evaluated at temperatures from 125° C to 200° C. Fitting the life data with the Arrhenius-Log normal model allows extrapolation to lower temperatures, providing estimates of the expected lifetime distributions at normal operating temperatures.
Ethics of Placebo Procedures in Ophthalmic Surgical Trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Ophthalmology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Ophthalmology journal
Accumulation of copper and silver onto cell body and its effect on the inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative rod bacterium, is a causative agent of waterborne pneumonia and presents high tolerance against conventional disinfectants. The inorganic biocidal reagents, copper and silver, were applied to inactivate P. aeruginosa inoculated in a synthetic drinking water (SDW). Additionally, the relationship of the specific amount of accumulated copper and silver reagents (Cs) on P. aeruginosa with inactivation profile was elucidated in this study. Flow cytometry (FCM) following staining with SYTO 9 and PI was used for detection of bacterial viability and density. Individual copper and silver reagents, and their combination, exhibited excellent biocidal abilities even at the concentration of 0.05 mgCu/L and 0.005 mgAg/L. The critical amounts of accumulated disinfectant (Cs) were calculated at 2.82×10−7 μgCu/cellsi and 5.13×10−8 μgAg/cellsi at an incubation of 70 h. Consequently, the role of disinfectant on the inactivation of P. aeruginosa and the assessment of biocidal ability of copper, silver, and their combination were successfully explained by evaluating the terms Cs and Cc.
Hybrid optimization of preparative chromatography for a ternary monoclonal antibody mixture

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the purification of monoclonal antibodies, ion‐exchange chromatography is typically used among the polishing steps to reduce the amount of product‐related impurities such as aggregates and fragments, whilst simultaneously reducing HCP, residual Protein A and potential toxins and viruses. When the product‐related impurities are difficult to separate from the products, the optimization of these chromatographic steps can be complex and laborious. In this paper, we optimize the polishing chromatography of a monoclonal antibody from a challenging ternary feed mixture by introducing a hybrid approach of the simplex method and a form of local optimization. To maximize the productivity of this preparative bind‐and‐elute cation‐exchange chromatography, wide ranges of the three critical operational parameters—column loading, the initial salt concentration, and gradient slope—had to be considered. The hybrid optimization approach is shown to be extremely effective in dealing with this complex separation that was subject to multiple constraints based on yield, purity, and product breakthrough. Furthermore, it enabled the generation of a large knowledge space that was subsequently used to study the sensitivity of the objective function. Increased design space understanding was gained through the application of Monte Carlo simulations. Hence, this work proposes a powerful hybrid optimization method, applied to an industrially relevant process development challenge. The properties of this approach and the results and insights gained, make it perfectly suited for the rapid development of biotechnological unit operations during early‐stage bioprocess development.
Thermodynamic Study of the Temperature-Concentration Dependence along the Krafft Boundary. Differential Scanning Calorimetry Measurements and Modeling for the N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglucamine-Water System

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamic Study of the Temperature-Concentration Dependence along the Krafft Boundary. Differential Scanning Calorimetry Measurements and Modeling for the N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglucamine-Water SystemN. A. Smirnova and T. G. ChurjusovaCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 9, 3327–3332Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00009a011https://doi.org/10.1021/la00009a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Changing Computer Use in Agriculture: Evidence from Ohio

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Farmers are continuing to expand their use of computers. This article reports analyses for a 2003 random sample of Ohio, USA farmers. Computer adoption by Ohio farmers currently stands at 44 percent, up from 32 percent in 1991. Financial accounting remains the most often used task of farm computers, with 89 percent of farmers reporting such usage. However, the use of the Internet for communication, for transactions processing, or for information retrieval more broadly, is an application that was largely unavailable in 1991, and which is now used by about 80 percent of the farmers sampled. A binomial Probit model was formulated to determine those farm and farmer characteristics that influence farmers' decisions to adopt an office computer. Likelihood of computer adoption was found to increase with increased farm size (annual sales) and higher operator education. Younger farmers were significantly more like to adopt the computer. Adoption percent was higher on farms that were more reliant on leased land, and was lower for livestock farmers. Farmers who worked year-around away from the farm were more likely to adopt a computer for the farm business. A second binomial Probit model was formulated to identify those farmer characteristics associated with higher manager evaluations of the computer as a management tool. Likelihood of above average computer usefulness evaluations rose with increased farm annual gross sales, diminished with increased age of the operator, and were higher for farmers who used the computer for financial or production recordkeeping or who gathered information from the Internet.
Bandwidth Improvements for Current Control Loops with a 100 kHz PWM Frequency and GaN Power Semiconductors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A discrete-time design method for a robust current controller of a servo drive has been developed. It takes the sampling time, the processing dead time and the dynamic behavior of the A/D converter into account. The theoretical calculations are verified using a test stand for high dynamics. The test stand includes a voice coil motor and power electronics with Gallium Nitride (GaN) power semiconductors for switching frequencies of more than 100 kHz. The bandwidth of the current control loop can be improved from typically 1 kHz to 1.5 kHz with insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power semiconductors in state-of-the-art motion control systems to 10 kHz and more.
Research on Lathe Automatic Design System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A lathe digital design system was developed through the integration between knowledge-engineering-related technology and product parametric design technology. The frame of the design system was expressed in detail such as main control module, initialization module, update management module of 3D and 2D, knowledge management module and knowledge library. The key technologies of the system design such as Knowledge mining and classification, automatic design of transform structures, establishing model database, automatic design of variable structure, and lathe design navigator were further studied in the paper. Finally, the automatic design system interface and the design process were introduced in detail.
Characterization of Ionomer Solutions. 2. Dynamic Light Scattering Studies on Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers in a Nonpolar Solvent

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The microphase behavior of lightly sulfonated polystyrene solutions in Decalin was investigated using dynamic light scattering. The nature of the aggregates formed in these solutions by the association of the sulfonic acid groups was dependent on the temperature and concentration. At high concentrations, aggregates persisted to temperatures far above the cloud point temperatures. At low concentrations, the aggregates were absent except near the cloud point temperatures. The aggregation increased as one approached the cloud point, thereby indicating that the extensive aggregation provides the driving force for phase separation in these solutions at temperatures higher than that for the precursor polystyrene solutions.
IV.—On Faults in Strata

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Since I first saw my short notice on “Faults in Strata” in print ( Geological Magazine , 1869, Vol. VI., p. 341), I have been anxious to remove a blemish of apparent flippancy in alluding to systems as applied to faults. I had indeed in view cases where that method had been used imitatively—with the tacit assumption of an established and well-understood meaning; but I lost sight of the fact that serious special work had been devoted to the subject, and my remark was unqualified. I have to thank my friend Mr. W. T. Blanford for an opportunity of making this correction, as well as of adding some further considerations on so important a point in the principles of stratigraphy.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA BANJAROYO, KALIBAWANG, KULON PROGO DALAM BIDANG KESEHATAN

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The community of Banjaroyo, Kalibawang - Kulon Progo Yogyakarta has poor clean and healthy lifestyle habits (CHLH) which still do not like washing hands with soap and unhealthy snacks. Besides that, knowledge of dengue disease is also still low with the condition of dengue endemic areas. The 71st period of the UAD Community Service Program conducted from 23 January to 20 February 2019 was intended to empower the community through the dissemination of CHLH and DHF. The method used consisted of lectures, demonstrations and special practices for Hand Washing with Soap, while for Snacks and DHF the lecture method was used. The impact of these program are the increased knowledge and skills of the community in the field of CHLH, especially how to wash hands properly using soap, choose healthy snacks and efforts to prevent dengue disease.
GOVERNMENT BUDGET BALANCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The necessity of government participation in the economy, as well as the limits of such participation are the object of theoretical and empirical economic research. The debate concerning public revenue share in Gross Domestic Product has a long history. Another question that exists is as follows: is budget deficit or surplus able to maintain a balance between economic stability and social equity and which one (budget deficit or surplus) is going to induce higher real economic growth. The necessity of active participation of the government in the economy and the use of budget balance as a fiscal instrument for economic regulation is even more tangible. The economic growth in global, regional and national aspect over the last years has been slow. This fact presents a real challenge concerning the stability of the public budget. In the present research, the object of analysis is budget balance, and its subject – the effect of public budget deficit/ surplus on real economic growth. The main goal is to evaluate budget deficit/ surplus impact on real economic growth using econometric analysis and comparative analysis between Bulgaria and the other new Member States of the European Union (Cyprus, The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Romania, and Croatia, accepted in the EU during 2015.) as well as the Balkan States (Serbia, Turkey, Greece, North Macedonia). The purpose is to justify the necessity of balancing the public budget and of reducing budget deficit to the level ensuring sustainable economic growth.