jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cata - a former homeland village affected by Betterment, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study focus on the house ruins and land use in Nyokana, a former village section in Cata, by looking at their location, number and the people who lived there and their living before the Betterment plan was carried through. This is done by studying an old map and documents of Cata, field studies with GPS-using and by interviewing mostly old inhabitants. The result is a basis for the development of the planned tourism track within the heritage project, wich runs by BRC and University of Fort Hare.
Study on Induced Delivery in Day Time by Cloprostenol and Dexamethasone Hormone Pregnant Rabbits

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In order to improve the management efficiency of rabbit delivery and neonatal rabbit survival rate,28 healthy pregnant rabbits at 29 day of gestation were randomly selected and divided into 7groups.The rabbits in each group were respectively injected with 0.1mL,0.2mL,0.3mL cloprostenol and 0.15 mL,0.3mL,0.45 mL dexamethasone,and the rabbits in the control group were injected with 0.3 mL physiological saline,then the duration from medication to delivery was recorded,which were 50h±1h,48h±1h,36h±1h,55h±1h,68h±1h,52h±1h,57h±1h,respectively.Then 56 healthy pregnant rabbits at 29 day of gestation were randomly selected,and were divided into 7groups.Each group of the pregnant rabbits were respectively injected with the low,medium,high doses of cloprostenol and dexamethasone above.The injection time were 11:00,13:00,1:00;6:00,17:00,9:00;The control was at 4:00.The delivery rates in 7groups were 62.5%,87.5%,75%,37.5%,50%,62.5%,25%,respectively.As results,the effects of cloprostenol and dexamethasone were significantly better than that in the control(P0.05);the delivery rates were negatively correlated with the accidental death rate of newborn rabbits.Normal postpartum lactation rates within 24 hwere 87.5%,87.5%,100%,87.5%,85%,100% and87.5%.These results indicated that injection of 0.2mL cloprostenol is the best treatment for induction of rabbit delivery in the day time.
IDENTIFICATION OF KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN PROJECTS EVENTS EDITORIAL

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

According to the study "Portraits of Reading in Brazil", launched in 2012, there are 88.2 million readers in Brazil, a total of 178 million people over the age of five, ie the Brazilian publishing market presents a hot scene with several opportunities for publishers. In this context emerges as a priority to publishers, earn a larger readership. Thus, editorials events emerge as strategic readers to approach author projetcs. Given that stakeholders are a major uncertainties of a project, this paper tries to identify who the key stakeholders in projects events editorial. Full Paper PDF: http://www.contecsi.fea.usp.br/envio/11contecsi-files/papers/973/submission/director/973-2562-1-DR.pdf
Influence of drying methods on the properties of beta-1, 3-glucan isolated from brewer's yeast

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Baker's yeast and medicinal mushrooms have been used for a long time in traditional medicine for stimulation of immune system. Extensive scientific research have attributed this biological effect to beta-1, 3-D-glucans, the complex fiber-type polysaccharides that can be found in a variety of fungal cells, protozoans, and plants as oats and barley. Now it is well established that beta-l, 3-D-glucans act as biological response modifiers (BRM's) taking active part in regulation of immune system, modulation of inflammation in wound healing and regeneration of tissue. They are also involved in lowering of blood cholesterol. Immunostimulation by beta-glucan inhibits cancer cell growth and metastasis and prevents or reduces bacterial infections. beta-glucan is believed to exert its antitumor effects by activating phagocytosis, enhancing natural killer (NK) cell activity, and stimulating TNF-a, interleukin-6, and interferon release. It has also been shown to stimulate antibodies to target tumors for cytotoxic recognition by leukocytes and enhance host-mediated antitumor activity in vivo. Actually it potentiates the response to chemotherapy and also inhibits tumor metastasis. beta-l, 3-glucan derived ftom the cell wall of baker's or brewer's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is safe product (GRAS status given by FDA). In this work the spent brewer's yeast was used as a raw material for isolation of water-insoluble beta-glucan preparations. Isolation procedure was based on sieving, debittering by alkaline wash, autolysis, alkaline and acid extractions and alcohol treatment, followed by different drying processes. It is known that drying methods can have a remarkable influence on the microstructure and particle properties, which are important for beta-glucan biological activity. The results indicated spray drying as a method of choice to obtain a product with better properties compared to lyophilisation and air-drying.
Automated Design of Diverse Stand-Alone Riboswitches

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Riboswitches that couple binding of ligands to conformational changes offer sensors and control elements for RNA synthetic biology and medical biotechnology. However, design of these riboswitches has required expert intuition or software specialized to transcription or translation outputs; design has been particularly challenging for applications in which the riboswitch output cannot be amplified by other molecular machinery. We present a fully automated design method called RiboLogic for such "stand-alone" riboswitches and test it via high-throughput experiments on 2875 molecules using RNA-MaP (RNA on a massively parallel array) technology. These molecules consistently modulate their affinity to the MS2 bacteriophage coat protein upon binding of flavin mononucleotide, tryptophan, theophylline, and microRNA miR-208a, achieving activation ratios of up to 20 and significantly better performance than control designs. By encompassing a wide diversity of stand-alone switches and highly quantitative data, the resulting ribologic-solves experimental data set provides a rich resource for further improvement of riboswitch models and design methods.
Tighter Bounds for Reconstruction from $ε$-samples

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We show that reconstructing a curve in $\mathbb{R}^d$ for $d\geq 2$ from a $0.66$-sample is always possible using an algorithm similar to the classical NN-Crust algorithm. Previously, this was only known to be possible for $0.47$-samples in $\mathbb{R}^2$ and $\frac{1}{3}$-samples in $\mathbb{R}^d$ for $d\geq 3$. In addition, we show that there is not always a unique way to reconstruct a curve from a $0.72$-sample; this was previously only known for $1$-samples. We also extend this non-uniqueness result to hypersurfaces in all higher dimensions.
Market Efficiency and the Favorite‐Longshot Bias: The Baseball Betting Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This paper examines the efficiency of the legal gambling market for major league baseball. Weak‐form tests of market efficiency within and across odds lines are performed. Surprisingly, the consistently observed favorite‐longshot bias in racetrack betting is shown to exist in reverse for baseball bettors. However, these and other deviations from efficiency are shown to be insufficient to allow for profitable betting strategies when commissions are considered.
E pluribus unum : nineteenth-century American literature & the Constitutional paradox

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Out of many, one. But how do the many become one without sacrificing difference or autonomy? This problem was critical to both identity formation and state formation in late 18th- and 19th-century America. The premise of this book is that American writers of the time came to view the resolution of this central philosophical problem as no longer the exclusive province of legislative or judicial documents but capable of being addressed by literary texts as well. The project of E Pluribus Unum is twofold. Its first and underlying concern is the general philosophic problem of the one and the many as it came to be understood at the time. W. C. Harris supplies a detailed account of the genealogy of the concept, exploring both its applications and its paradoxes as a basis for state and identity formation. Harris then considers the perilous integration of the one and the many as a motive in the major literary accomplishments of 19th-century U.S. writers. Drawing upon critical as well as historical resources and upon contexts as diverse as cosmology, epistemology, poetics, politics, and Bible translation, he discusses attempts by Poe, Whitman, Melville, and William James to resolve the problems of social construction caused by the paradox of e pluribus unum by writing literary and philosophical texts that supplement the nation's political founding documents. Poe (Eureka), Whitman (Leaves of Grass), Melville (Billy Budd), and William James (The Varieties of Religious Experience) provide their own distinct, sometimes contradictory resolutions to the conflicting demands of diversity and unity, equality and hierarchy. Each of these texts understands literary and philosophical writing as having the potential to transform - conceptually or actually - the construction of social order. This work will be of great interest to literary and constitutional scholars.
Auditory ganglion source of Sonic hedgehog regulates timing of cell cycle exit and differentiation of mammalian cochlear hair cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neural precursor cells of the central nervous system undergo successive temporal waves of terminal division, each of which is soon followed by the onset of cell differentiation. The organ of Corti in the mammalian cochlea develops differently, such that precursors at the apex are the first to exit from the cell cycle but the last to begin differentiating as mechanosensory hair cells. Using a tissue-specific knockout approach in mice, we show that this unique temporal pattern of sensory cell development requires that the adjacent auditory (spiral) ganglion serve as a source of the signaling molecule Sonic hedgehog (Shh). In the absence of this signaling, the cochlear duct is shortened, sensory hair cell precursors exit from the cell cycle prematurely, and hair cell differentiation closely follows cell cycle exit in a similar apical-to-basal direction. The dynamic relationship between the restriction of Shh expression in the developing spiral ganglion and its proximity to regions of the growing cochlear duct dictates the timing of terminal mitosis of hair cell precursors and their subsequent differentiation.
Right ventricular assessment by transthoracic echocardiography in patients with pulmonary hypertension in relation with functional and hemodynamic data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Transthoracic echocardiography is a noninvasive method commonly used to assess the right ventricular function in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Aim of study: To determine the role of transthoracic echocardiography parameters (GLSRV, TAPSE, RVs, FAC & RIMP) to assess the right ventricular function in patients with pulmonary hypertension in correlation with functional capacity (six-min walk distance) and trans-catheter mean PAP. Patients and methods: This is a cross sectional study including patients with pulmonary hypertension aged more than18 years at Baghdad Heart Center and Ibn Al-Baitar Heart Center from May 2019 to May 2020. All patients underwent echocardiography examination with estimation of following parameters (LVEF, FAC, TAPSE, RVs, RIMP, PASP, TR velocity, mean PAP, GLSRV) and all patients underwent six-minute walking distance test and Right heart catheterization to assess the functional capacity and pulmonary artery pressure respectively. Results: 40 patients with varied WHO classifications of pulmonary hypertension (mean age 41.58±15.49 years) and male to female ratio were included in the research (1:1.2). GLSRV had a negative linear connection with TAPSE (P=0.015) and RVs` (P=0.017) but not FAC or RIMP. The 6-MWD correlated positively with GLSRV (P = 0.011). Echo and right heart catheterization mean PAP measurements correlated (P value
Influence of Common Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Development of Ovine Oocytes in vitro

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present research was undertaken to study the effect of a saturated fatty acid-Palmitic Acid (PA), an unsaturated fatty acid-Oleic Acid (OA) and also to investigate the efficacy of Oleic acid on prevention of detrimental effect of saturated fatty acids on oocyte development in ewes (Ovis aries).Sheep oocytes were matured in vitro in the presence of different concentration of palmitic acid (0, 20, 40 and 60 μM) in experiment 1 and oleic acid (0, 40, 60 and 80 μM) in experiment 2 for 24 h.Oocytes were then in vitro inseminated and evaluated for cleavage rates after 42 h post insemination and presumptive zygotes were evaluated for morulae/blastocyst stages after 7-8 days.In experiment 3, oocyte were matured in vitro in presence of, (a) Palmitic acid (60 μM)+oleic acid (40 μM) in oocyte maturation medium and (b) Oleic acid (40 μM)+stearic acid (30 μM) in medium for 24 h.Palmitic acid, was found to impair the maturation, viability, cleavage and embryo production rates at the level 60 μM in ewes.In contrast, oleic acid improved the oocyte development in vitro.Oleic acid also compensated for the unfavorable effects of palmitic and stearic acid on oocyte development.
Determination of precise crystallographic directions for mask alignment in wet bulk micromachining for MEMS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In wet bulk micromachining, the etching characteristics are orientation dependent. As a result, prolonged etching of mask openings of any geometric shape on both Si{100} and Si{110} wafers results in a structure defined by the slowest etching planes. In order to fabricate microstructures with high dimensional accuracy, it is vital to align the mask edges along the crystal directions comprising of these slowest etching planes. Thus, precise alignment of mask edges is important in micro/nano fabrication. As a result, the determination of accurate crystal directions is of utmost importance and is in fact the first step to ensure dimensionally accurate microstructures for improved performance. In this review article, we have presented a comprehensive analysis of different techniques to precisely determine the crystallographic directions. We have covered various techniques proposed in the span of more than two decades to determine the crystallographic directions on both Si{100} and Si{110} wafers. Apart from a detailed discussion of each technique along with their design and implementation, we have provided a critical analysis of the associated constraints, benefits and shortcomings. We have also summed up the critical aspects of each technique and presented in a tabular format for easy reference for readers. This review article comprises of an exhaustive discussion and is a handy reference for researchers who are new in the field of wet anisotropic etching or who want to get abreast with the techniques of determination of crystal directions.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Active Catalyst Species for Enantioselective Alkylation by Phase‐ Transfer Catalysis.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Taxonomy to Structure and Analyze Human–Robot Interaction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Robotic systems are one of the core technologies that will shape our future. Robots already change our private and professional life by working together with humans in various domains. Evoked by this increasing trend, great variability exists in terms of robots and interaction scenarios. This has boosted research regarding shaping factors of human–robot interaction (HRI). Nevertheless, this variety hinders the comparability and the generalizability of insights. What is needed for efficient research is a structured approach that allows the analysis of superordinate attributes, making previous HRI research comparable, revealing research gaps and thus guiding future research activities. Based on the review of previous HRI frameworks we developed a new HRI taxonomy that (1) takes into account the human, the robot, the interaction and the context of the HRI, (2) is applicable to various HRI scenarios and (3) provides predefined categories to enable structured comparisons of different HRI scenarios. A graphical representation of the taxonomy, including all possible classifications, eases the application to specific HRI scenarios. To demonstrate the use and value of this taxonomy, it is applied to different studies in HRI in order to identify possible reasons for contrasting results. The exemplified applications of the taxonomy underline its value as a basis for reviews and meta-analyses. Moreover, the taxonomy offers a framework for future HRI research as it offers guidance for systematic variations of distinctive variables in HRI.
LAURENCE-MOON-BIEDL SYNDROME

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THE Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome was first described in 1866 by Laurence and Moon, who observed polydactylism, obesity and poor eyesight in a family of 8 children. In 1922 Biedl noted the familial tendency of this syndrome, reporting it in several members of the same family. Solis-Cohen and Weiss1proposed the term "Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome" in 1924 when they summarized the reported cases. Since Bardet2added polydactylism as one of the criteria for diagnosis, some authors prefer the term Laurence-Moon-Bardet syndrome. Reilly and Lisser,3in 1932, reviewed 77 cases. In their study the syndrome was complete in 25 cases, questionably complete in 10 and partially complete in 26; 16 cases were doubtful. The characteristic symptoms of the Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome are obesity, retinal degeneration, genital hypoplasia, polydactylism and mental retardation. Frequently associated are nystagmus, strabismus, deafness and syndactylism. Obesity is a prominent feature in each case reported and is of the hypopituitary type. Retinitis
Effect of sintering temperature on the aging resistance and mechanical properties of monolithic zirconia

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate the effect of final sintering temperature and grain size on the aging resistance and mechanical properties of zirconia fabricated through colloidal and cold isostatic pressing. Zirconia samples appearing as cylindrical discs were prepared and subjected to five different sintering temperatures ranging from 1400 °C to 1600 °C. Grain pullout and rough surfaces were detected on the micrographs of aged samples sintered at more than 1500 °C, indicating surface degradation. The highest flexural strength of non-aged and aged samples was obtained at 1500 °C, whereas excellent fracture toughness was demonstrated by the sample sintered at 1550 °C under non-aged and aged conditions. The hardness properties of all of the samples sintered at various temperatures did not significantly differ. Under the aged conditions, their hardness properties slightly decreased. Overall, the mechanical performance of the aged zirconia slightly deteriorated but remained acceptable for use in an oral environment for 15–20 years. Mechanical performance evaluation after aging revealed that 1500 °C was the appropriate sintering temperature. The mechanical properties and aging resistance of the zirconia samples were greatly dependent on sintering temperature during fabrication. Keywords: Monolithic zirconia, Aging, Biaxial flexural strength, Fracture toughness, Monoclinic transformation
Multivariate generalized linear mixed models for underdispersed count data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Researchers are often interested in understanding the relationship between a set of covariates and a set of response variables. To achieve this goal, the use of regression analysis, either linear or generalized linear models, is largely applied. However, such models only allow users to model one response variable at a time. Moreover, it is not possible to directly calculate from the regression model a correlation measure between the response variables. In this article, we employed the Multivariate Generalized Linear Mixed Models framework, which allows the specification of a set of response variables and calculates the correlation between them through a random effect structure that follows a multivariate normal distribution. We used the maximum likelihood estimation framework to estimate all model parameters using Laplace approximation to integrate out the random effects. The derivatives are provided by automatic differentiation. The outer maximization was made using a general-purpose algorithm such as PORT and Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm (BFGS). We delimited this problem by studying count response variables with the following distributions: Poisson, negative binomial, Conway-Maxwell-Poisson (COM-Poisson), and double Poisson. While the first distribution can model only equidispersed data, the second models equi and overdispersed, and the third and fourth models all types of dispersion (i.e. including underdispersion). The models were implemented on software R with package TMB, based on C++ templates. Besides the full specification, models with simpler structures in the covariance matrix were considered (fixed and common variance, and ρ set to 0) and fixed dispersion. These models were applied to a dataset from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, where two response variables are underdispersed and one can be considered equidispersed that were measured at 1281 subjects. The double Poisson full model specification overcame the other three competitors considering three goodness-of-fit measures: Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and maximized log-likelihood. Consequently, it estimated parameters with smaller standard error and a greater number of significant correlation coefficients. Therefore, the proposed model can deal with multivariate count responses and measures the correlation between them taking into account the effects of the covariates.
Exploring the potential of short-baseline physics at Fermilab

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the capabilities of the short-baseline neutrino program at Fermilab to probe the unitarity of the lepton mixing matrix. We find the sensitivity to be slightly better than the current one. Motivated by the future DUNE experiment, we have also analyzed the potential of an extra liquid Argon near detector in the LBNF beamline. Adding such a near detector to the DUNE setup will substantially improve the current sensitivity on nonunitarity. This would help to remove CP degeneracies due to the new complex phase present in the neutrino mixing matrix. We also study the sensitivity of our proposed setup to light sterile neutrinos for various configurations.
Azimuth vertical transference based on magneto-optical modulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It is a big problem that it need a large field during the missile azimuth aiming using facing upward method. Aiming to solve the problem, it is actualized that the azimuth transfers along with the plump line. This article describes the principle of vertical transference of the azimuth and the concrete realization of magneto-optical modulation. The scheme use the polarized light as the medium of azimuthal information, and restrain interfere coming from azimuth transfering by magnto-optic modulating the ploarized light. Using the technique of azimuth transfering vertically, the launching field is reduced greatly during the missile azimuth aiming process.