jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The neurotrophic factor Neuritin regulates T cell anergy and T regulatory cell function

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract T cell activation and tolerance are tightly regulated to ensure effective elimination of foreign antigen while maintaining immune tolerance to self-antigens. Development of T cell anergy and regulatory T cell (Treg) mediated suppression both contribute to the establishment of immune tolerance. Here, we show that neuritin (Nrn1), a conserved GPI-anchored surface molecule important for the development, survival and function of neurons, is highly expressed in anergic and Treg cells. Nrn1 deficient CD4 cells are resistant to Treg cell mediated suppression, display defective anergy induction, and have reduced peripheral Treg generation. Nrn1 deficient Foxp3+ Treg cells exhibit reduced control of inflammatory colitis. Moreover, upon induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), Nrn1 deficient mice develop non-remitting disease and have increased spinal cord inflammatory infiltrates. These in vivo findings underscore the importance of Nrn1 in immune tolerance. Recently, Nrn1 was identified as an accessory component of the ionotropic AMPA receptor (AMPAR) complex in neurons. AMPARs mediate glutamate dependent cation flux and regulate cell membrane potential. Cell membrane potential can impact nutrient uptake, calcium influx, cell size, proliferation and survival. In vitro analysis reveals that Nrn1 deficient Treg cells exhibit reduced proliferation and survival, associated with higher membrane potential, reduced nutrient sensitivity, reduced glycolysis and mTOR activation. AMPAR blockade can correct proliferation defect in Nrn1 deficient Treg cells. These findings reveal Nrn1 as an important regulator of immune tolerance functioning through the modulation of glutamate activated AMPAR.
Electrochemical Polymerization of Benzene by use of Aluminum Chloride and Copper(I) Chloride

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Electrochemical polymerization of benzene has been carried out in a one-compartment cell using indium-tin oxide conducting glass as a working electrode and Pt mesh as a counterelectrode by the use of a composite electrolyte of aluminum chloride and copper(I) chloride in nitrobenzene. On applying a constant voltage at + 1.8 V vs SCE, a brown and flexible polyparaphenylene (PPP) film was smoothly obtained on the ITO anode surface. The electrical conductivity of the film as grown was 1.9 × 10−5 S/cm. Aluminum and chlorine atoms were detected in the film from XPS studies, so the film might contain AlCl4 − (and Cl−) as a dopant. Scanning electron micrographs of the growing side surface of the film prepared at a constant potential of + 1.8 V vs SCE showed a fibrillar morphology. The fibril diameter (∼100 nm) was similar to that of a polyaniline film. The PPP film exhibited a spin concentration of 1.0 × 1019 spins/g, which corresponds to 800 phenylene units per spin. The g-value and the peak-to-peak linewidth were 2.0045 and 7 G, respectively.
Role of Teachers and Parents in Realizing Character Education in the Digital Era

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The digital era in fact still gives teachers and parents worries with various content that leads to "negative" changes in student attitude. In addition, teachers and parents still throw responsibilities at each other when students' attitudes deviate from character values. This study aims to explore the role of teachers and parents in realizing a character generation in the midst of digital development. This study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach with the library research method. Data is collected from primary and secondary sources such as research reports in international and national journals, proceedings articles, and books. The data analysis technique uses descriptive content analysis by selecting, processing, and describing the data findings into research results. The results of this study indicate that parents and teachers have the same role and have a great influence in implementing character education in the digital era, through programs developed in schools and monitoring, mentoring, and learning activities from parents to children at home. The findings of this study describe that teachers and parents are special creatures that Allah sent to mediate the realization a generation of characters according to Islamic guidance.
Human Resource Management Challenges to Develop Pharmaceutical Industry: Evidence from Developing Countries.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Human resource management has increasingly become one of the most important challenging issues in the pharmaceutical industry in general and in developing countries in particular to increase the access of societies to needed medicines. In this study, an attempt was made to explore the challenges of human resource management practices surrounding pharmaceutical firms in Iran, as a developing country. To answer the research question, a qualitative descriptive study using thematic analysis was performed through 22 semi-structured interviews with the key informants of Iranian pharmaceutical industry. Extracted themes of interviews were categorized into three main groups namely ability, motivation, and opportunity challenges based on the AMO model and briefly discussed separately. This is the first study investigating HRM challenges in the pharmaceutical industry; the research contributes to developing knowledge of human resource practices and assist pharma managers with better understanding how well implement human resource practices.
Incidence and Correlates of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men Participating in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 073 Preexposure Prophylaxis Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) Study 073 (HPTN 073) assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for black men who have sex with men (BMSM). The purpose of this analysis was to characterize the relationship between PrEP uptake and use and incident sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among participants enrolled in HPTN 073. Methods A total of 226 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–uninfected BMSM were enrolled in 3 US cities; all participants received client-centered care coordination (C4) and were offered daily oral PrEP. Participants were followed for 12 months with STI testing (rectal and urine nucleic acid amplification test for gonorrhea and chlamydia, rapid plasma reagin for syphilis) conducted at baseline, week 26, and week 52. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between STI incidence and PrEP uptake. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate associations between age, PrEP acceptance, sexual behaviors, and incident STIs. Results Baseline STI prevalence was 14.2%. Men aged <25 years were more likely to have a baseline STI (25.3% vs 6.7%; odds ratio [OR], 4.39; 95% confidence interval [CI:, 1.91, 10.11). Sixty participants (26.5%) acquired ≥1 STI during follow-up; the incidence rate was 34.2 cases per 100 person-years (95% CI, 27.4, 42.9). In adjusted analyses, baseline STI diagnosis (OR, 4.23; 95% CI, 1.82, 9.87; P < .001) and additional C4 time (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00, 1.06; P = .027) were associated with having an incident STI. STI incidence was not associated with PrEP acceptance or adherence. Conclusions While we found higher rates of STIs in younger BMSM, overall rates of STI were lower than in prior PrEP trials, with no increase over time. BMSM with STIs at PrEP initiation may require additional interventions that target STI acquisition risk. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01808352.
WhiteBear: An Empirical Study of Design Tradeoffs for Autonomous Trading Agents

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents WhiteBear, one of the top-scoring agents in the 2’i International Trading Agent Competition (TAC). TAC was designed as a realistic complex test-bed for designing agents trading in e-marketplaces. Our architecture is an adaptive, robust agent architecture combining principled methods and empirical knowledge. The agent faced several technical challenges. Deciding the optimal quantities to buy and sell, the desired prices and the time of bid placement was only part of its design. Other important issues that we resolved were balancing the aggressiveness of the agent’s bids against the cost of obtaining increased flexibility and the integration of domain specific knowledge with general agent design techniques. We present our observations and back our conclusions with empirical results.
Urine features used to survey nitrogen excretion in rabbits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

[EN] The aim of this work was to estimate liquid and faecal nitrogen (N) excretion from rabbit herds using 2 clinical analyses of urine samples (urinary urea, UU and creatininury, CU) combined with the daily nitrogen intake (DNI) and metabolic weight of growing and lactating rabbit does. In the framework of 6 experiments, 81 growing rabbits, divided into 17 groups, weighing from 1.8 to 2.8 kg, and 18 multiparous lactating does, divided into 2 groups, were reared in metabolic cages. Five experimental groups of growing rabbits and one of lactating does received diets with lower crude protein content (from –8 to –19% less). The urine was collected (4-d and 1-d collection period for the growing rabbits and lactating does, respectively) and the daily weight (DUW: on av. 188±66 g/d), urinary urea (UU: 1012±463 mg/dL) and creatininury concentrations (CU: 46±25 mg/dL) were recorded. Lactating does showed higher DNI (+127%; P<0.001), which was excreted more in the faeces (DFN: +141%; P<0.001) than in the urine (DUN: +35%; P=0.36), compared to the growing rabbits on a daily per-capita basis. Consequently, the faecal-N to urine N ratio was higher for the does compared to growing rabbits (F/U: +93%; P<0.001). The percentage of retained N (PRN) for the lactating does and growing rabbits was not different (50.8 vs. 56.6%; P=0.31). Forward regression models were used to predict the daily nitrogen excretion. Successful r-square fit results were obtained (P<0.005) for the per-capita daily quantity of urinary N (DUN: R2=0.79) and faecal N (DFN: 0.93, mainly depending on DNI). The individual DNI was accurately fitted (R2=0.994; standard error=0.03), considering the 2 model estimates of the DUN and of the DFN, the metabolic weight and the type of animal. Relativising the N excreta as a percentage of the DNI, or as a ratio of the faecal –to urinary–N, led to less stable results of the regression models. The daily N intake, combined with the collection of urine samples and the measurement of urea and creatinine, led to a reliable estimate of the liquid N excretion.
Consumers bite on the social web about the film Snakes on a Plane

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Snakes on a Plane was more than a movie, it was an internet phenomenon that poignantly exemplifies the new role consumers on the social web are playing in co-creating value. With the growing interface culture enabled by computer-mediated communications, consumers are rapidly beginning to generate their own content as well as intervene and directly contribute to the value-creating processes of firms. These interactive technologies are in the beginning stages of rewriting the rules and ways that products are researched, developed, marketed and supported. This study offers new theoretical and empirical insights into the way value is co-created using the web.
Chitosan Anchored Nanoparticles in Current Drug Development Utilizing Computer-Aided Pharmacokinetic Modeling: Case Studies for Target Specific Cancer Treatment and Future Prospective

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Recently, in the medical and pharmaceutical fields, biopolymers are extensively used for chemical and mechanical modifications of pharmaceutical dosage forms, which add novel properties, functions, and applications. Structural modification of dosage form by polymers along with redesigning in pharmaceutical and tissue engineering fields, presently being the center of analysis for the modern research world, which utilizes the subtle instruments, precise research strategies and most significantly the excipients. Method: Recently, in the medical and pharmaceutical fields, biopolymers are extensively used for chemical and mechanical modifications of pharmaceutical dosage forms, which add novel properties, functions, and applications. Structural modification of dosage form by polymers along with redesigning in pharmaceutical and tissue engineering fields, presently being the center of analysis for the modern research world, which utilizes the subtle instruments, precise research strategies and most significantly the excipients. Results: The most remarkable point is that chitosan-drug conjugated nanoparticles (CDNP) can target cancer affected cells with the least attempt to killing the neighbor host cell. It is already proved that the CDNP facilitate the more drugs uptaking or cytotoxicity to a cancerous cell. This overcomes the dosage form designing problems of complexity in the biological mechanism and cell specificity. A computer-aided pharmacokinetic study as well as in-silico design with model fitting can provide the possible finding related to target selectivity and interaction. The computer aided study also reduces time and could make the entire process much cheaper till today, very few research has been reported, such as PyRx with AutoDock, response surface methodology and molecular dynamic simulation in drug delivery for chitosan-drug conjugated nanoparticles. Conclusion: Therefore, cancer cell target-specific drug delivery using a natural biopolymer conjugate with a computer-aided pharmacokinetic model will be the thirst area of future research. To get successful anticancer drug formulation, in-silico pharmacokinetic modeling would minimize labor, and expenses, during and prior to the experiment has been extensively discussed in the present review.
Abstract 4191: Whole exome sequencing of a case of olfactory neuroblastoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is an unusual malignancy occurred in sinonasal tract and molecular characteristics were poorly understood. Here we analyzed sequence of a fresh tissue from an olfactory neuroblastoma patient through whole exome sequencing to identify ONB-specific mutations. Methods: We examined fresh tumor sample with matched peripheral blood from a patient diagnosed olfactory neuroblastoma. All procedures were approved by IRB in Seoul National University Hospital. He was 30 years old and had chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. He had a recurrent disease with metastasis to bones and lymph nodes, and tumor tissue was obtained from a lymph node. Genomic DNA was isolated from a dissected tissue and whole exome library was constructed using Agilent SureSelectXT Human All Exon V4+UTRs (71Mb). Sequencing was performed by Illumina HiSeq2000 platform with paired-end 101bp reads and sequenced data was aligned to human reference genome g1k v37 using Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA). Then, a series of bioinformatical tools were used such as SAMtools, PICARD, the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) and MuTect to list up potential candidate genes. These genes were filtered out considered as germline variants informed in database like dbSNP, 1000 genome project and exome sequencing project 6500 (esp6500). Final candidate genes were identified by manual curation based on cancer gene classification of public database and publications. Results: Our approach generated 15Gb and 17Gb of mapped sequence, with 97.91% and 98.43% of the target regions covered at least 10X depth in tumor and normal sample, respectively. After processing and filtering, we identified 8 candidate cancer genes including 5 somatic nucleotide variants (SNVs; CDKN2C, NBPF1, NBPF10, TGFBR2 and TP53) and 3 insertion/deletion mutations (ACVR1B, AR and CARD11). Among SNVs, CDKN2C showed stopgain SNV resulted in truncated mutation and the same mutation in TP53 were recurrently reported in COSMIC database. Cancer gene candidate indel mutations included 2 frameshift insertions (ACVR1B and CARD11) and 1 nonframeshift insertion (AR). Conclusions: We analyzed a patient of olfactory neuroblastoma using our WES pipeline and several genes were identified to candidate cancer gene mutations which should be validated in large number of samples. Citation Format: SooJin Cha, Se-Hoon Lee, Jong-Il Kim, Jong-Yeon Shin. Whole exome sequencing of a case of olfactory neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4191. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4191
Red color characterization in several Roman frescos and paintings by in situ and remote LIBS, LIF and Raman Spectroscopies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Nowadays, in situ pigments characterization on a cultural heritage relevant surface is possible by using combined laser spectroscopies which are suitable to detect at high resolution both molecular (Raman, LIF) and atomic sample composition (LIBS), the latter with stratigraphic capabilities and high sensitivity for trace detection. Their applications are here reported regarding the identification of historical pigments and dyes on different substrates, particularly in wall paintings, from pre-historic times up to the XIXth century when the use of synthetic substances became common. In this paper attention is focused on red colors, known since antiquity for the additional ritual and medical use. Their pictorial use along the centuries is shown and in selected cases provenances hypothesis, based on historical information, could be supported by results of composition analysis and elemental trace detection made possible by the application of laser technologies.
Predicting the Academic Achievement of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Students From Individual, Household, Communication, and Educational Factors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research suggests that the academic achievement of deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students is the result of a complex interplay of many factors. These factors include characteristics of the students (e.g., hearing thresholds, language fluencies, mode of communication, and communication functioning), characteristics of their family environments (e.g., parent education level, socioeconomic status), and experiences inside and outside school (e.g., school placement, having been retained at grade level). This paper examines the relative importance of such characteristics to U.S. DHH secondary students’ academic achievement as indicated by the Woodcock-Johnson III subtests in passage comprehension, mathematics calculation, science, and social studies. Data were obtained for approximately 500 DHH secondary students who had attended regular secondary schools or state-sponsored special schools designed for DHH students. Across all subject areas, having attended regular secondary schools and having better spoken language were associated with higher test scores. Significant negative predictors of achievement varied by type of subtest but included having an additional diagnosis of a learning disability, having a mild hearing loss, and being African American or Hispanic. The findings have important implications for policy and practice in educating DHH students as well for interpreting previous research.
Quantitative Feedback Input Shaping for Flexible-Joint Robot Manipulator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Input shaping technique has been applied to flexible-joint robot to suppress its residual vibration from fast point-to-point movement. Input shaping performance deteriorates when the knowledge of the mode parameters of the robot is not accurate. Several robust input shapers were proposed at the expense of longer move time. A novel input shaping system, consisting of a quantitative feedback controller, a feed-forward reference model, and a simple zero-vibration (ZV) input shaper, is proposed in this paper. Advantages over the existing robust input shapers include toleration of substantially larger amount of uncertainty in the mode parameters, shorter move time that does not increase with insensitivity, application to nonlinear and time-varying systems, and suppression of vibration induced by disturbance and noise.
Containing Rare Earth Phosphate Rock Processing and Rare Earth Enrichment in those Processes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The reserve of sedimentary phosphate deposits in Guizhou province in western China is huge, but has been no development because of its difficulties of comprehensive utilization. Using mineral processing techniques, Rare earth containing phosphate rock flotation and flotation concentrate leaching test study were done. Rare earth enrichment in those processes was studied too. Through rougher flotation conditions test, it was determined that the optimal rougher flotation conditions were grinding fineness 75% -0.074mm, H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 and SOP dosage of 10kg/t, 0.15kg/t and 0.8 kg/t. A reverse flotation flowsheet consisted of one roughing, one cleaning and one scavenging stage was used for the closed-circuit flotation tests. Phosphate concentrate could be got with P 2 O 5 , MgO, REE grade of 31.87%, 0.98%, 0.15% and recovery of 85.83%, 8.84%, 86.81% respectively. P 2 O 5 recoveries and REE recoveries of phosphate concentrate was a positive linear relationship. Under the condition of liquid/solid3:1, acid/ore ratio 1.2, leaching time 3.5 hours and temperature 75°C, the phosphate concentrate was leached by sulfuric acid. The better indicators that P 2 O 5 leaching rate of 95.92% and REE leaching rate of 52.11% could got.
Harry Givan, Scotty Campbell, Johnnie Shields and Bobbie Jones at Seattle Golf Course, November 18, 1934

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Transcribed from photograph: "SEA: 1272. Four thousand golf fans see fastest amateur golf foursome in country. Seattle, Washington. - When you can bring together four of the finest golfers in the country, it is no wonder that in the neighborhood of 4,000 gold fans turned out to see the match and as well contribute to the associated charities of the district. Photo shows Johnnie [Harry] Givan, Scotty Campbell who defeated Johnnie Shields and Bobbie Jones two and one. Direct service...11/18/34..." A November 18, 1934 Seattle Times article identifies the location of the competition at the Seattle Golf Club.