jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Relations between central and regional executive authorities in the context of preparation for radical market reforms in Russia at the end of 1991

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper examines the features of interaction between the central government and the regions within the RSFSR (oblasts, krais), the status of which implied direct subordination of the regional authorities to the central government, at the final stage of the Soviet Union. A detailed analysis of the first steps in creating the institute of presidential representatives, as well as the problems that hampered its functioning, is carried out. The results obtained are correlated with the main tasks of «shock therapy» to assess the conditions for implementing radical market reforms. The formulation of the problem and revision of the existing scientific concepts based on the inclusion of sources that have not been previously introduced into scientific circulation predetermine the scientific novelty of the work. An appeal to the office documentation of government bodies made it possible to identify a vast discrepancy between law enforcement practice and the legislation in force during the period under study in matters of organizing the work of the executive vertical. The regions within the RSFSR were excluded from the unified management system, and the policy of the leadership of the territories and regions turned out to be inconsistent with the general state course. An attempt to overcome this problem by creating an institution of presidential representatives by the end of 1991 did not yield significant results, since it did not receive the necessary personnel, organizational and resource support. It did not allow the country's leadership to overcome the trends of destruction of a unified economic space and increased social tension. Under these conditions, the success of the government's stabilization and reform efforts turned out to be unattainable in the short term.
Optimal Information Updating based on Value of Information

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We address the problem of how to optimally schedule data packets over an unreliable channel in order to minimize the estimation error of a simple-to-implement remote linear estimator using a constant "Kalman" gain to track the state of a Gauss Markov process. The remote estimator receives time-stamped data packets which contain noisy observations of the process. Additionally, they also contain the information about the "quality" of the sensor/source, i.e., the variance of the observation noise that was used to generate the packet. In order to minimize the estimation error, the scheduler needs to use both while prioritizing packet transmissions. It is shown that a simple index rule that calculates the value of information (VoI) of each packet, and then schedules the packet with the largest current value of VoI, is optimal. The VoI of a packet decreases with its age, and increases with the precision of the source. Thus, we conclude that, for constant filter gains, a policy which minimizes the age of information does not necessarily maximize the estimator performance.
Ovarian cancer in a county hospital.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Forty two cases of ovarian cancer diagnosed and treated over a ten year period (1975-1985) are reviewed. The mean age at presentation was 59.3 years and mean parity 1.9. Abdominal pain and distension were the commonest clinical symptoms. Twenty three patients had total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with or without partial omentectomy. All patients had at least diagnostic laparotomy. There were no post-operative deaths. Thirty two patients had adjuvant chemotherapy. Two patients had false negative "Second Look" procedures. Histology in all cases was of epithelial origin. Survival at one year was 52.4% and 35.3% in those patients followed for five years. Good prognosis was related to extent of disease and surgical excision. Cisplatinum post-operative chemotherapy replaced other cytotoxic drugs in the latter years and it's use was associated with less morbidity and longer survival in patients with extensive disease than earlier regimes. We feel that national co-ordination in gynaecological oncology surveillance and treatment would be beneficial.
Clinicopathological analysis of 285 cases of elderly patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e17539 Background: Elderly patients with epithelial ovarian cancer often cannot receive standard treatment, and their survival time decreases with age, seriously threatening their lives. Elderly patients with epithelial ovarian cancer tend to have many complications and poor tolerance to surgery and chemotherapy, resulting in poor overall prognosis. Methods: The clinicopathological data of EOC patients aged ≥ 60 years old who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2018, with completed clinical and pathological data were collected for analysis and followed up through outpatient review, telephone, WeChat, QQ group, etc. to analyze the diagnosis and treatment plan and main prognostic factors. The deadline for follow-up was March 1, 2020. Results: Comparison of recurrence and the overall survival in different groups, the results respectively showed that the difference had statistically significant (χ2 = 255.027, p < 0.001) 、(χ2 = 314.443, p < 0.001). Analysis of the factors affecting the recurrence and death of patients showed that the results of single factor analysis showed age, BMI, Combined with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, pre-treatment CA125 value, thrombus score, FIGO staging, pathological type, residual lesion size are the influencing factors of recurrence. Further multivariate analysis showed that combined cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, pre-treatment CA125 value, FIGO stage, residual lesion size is an independent factor affecting relapse. The median survival time of relapse-free in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group was 39.00 (30.67̃44.95) months; the median survival time of relapse-free in the directing surgery group was 36.00 (29.47̃42.53) months, statistical comparison showed no significant difference (χ2 = 2.426, p = 0.119). The total median survival time of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group was 49.57 months; for the directing surgery group, the total median survival time was 47.07 months, and the statistical comparison showed no significant difference (χ2 = 0.166, p = 0.684). Conclusions: For the epithelial ovarian cancer in elderly patients the results showed that the standard treatment group was better than the non-standard treatment group, chemotherapy-only group, surgery-only group, and untreated group. Comparing with primary tumor debulking surgery (PDS),neoadjuvant chemotherapy-Interval debulking surgery (NACT-IDS) group could improve the intraoperative situation，reduce the amount of intraoperative bleeding, shorten the operation time, reduce the wound healing rate and the incidence of surgical complications, but it had no effect on the tumor removal rate, PFS and OS.
Enhancing Industry-Academic Collaboration for Innovation in the Era of Industry 4.0

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The widening skills gap between industry expectations and academic preparations is a pressing global concern in the era of Industry 4.0. Universities face the challenge of equipping students for the 21st-century workforce, characterized by advanced automation and rapid technological advancements. This requires innovative approaches to enhance students' competencies aligned with Industry 4.0 requirements. Digital competence is now essential for employability, with digital natives needing to navigate technological disruptions effectively. As Industry 4.0 technologies reshape work environments, universities play a crucial role in ensuring graduates are technically proficient and possess adaptive and collaborative skills for success. Bridging the skills gap between academia and industry is important in the context of Industry 4.0's demand for skilled professionals. This chapter's insights will benefit researchers, educators, employers, and policymakers aiming to prepare students. Fostering industry-academia collaboration is key to empowering graduates to thrive in evolving industries.
Role of Bypass Procedure for Complex Cerebral Aneurysms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The treatment of complex cerebral aneurysms, such as large/giant aneurysms, dissecting aneurysms, and recurrent aneurysms after endovascular therapy, is often challenging. Bypass procedures for the management of complex aneurysms could be a treatment option. We retrospectively reviewed patients with complex aneurysm who underwent bypass surgery between April 2006 and December 2016. The necessity of bypass was determined by balloon test occlusion (BTO) for all unruptured aneurysms. Ruptured/unruptured aneurysms were 5/21 cases, and high-flow bypass/lowflow bypass were 11/15 cases, respectively. Twenty of 21 patients with unruptured aneurysms showed a favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0-2), while only 1 of 5 patients with ruptured aneurysms had a favorable outcome. In conclusion, the results of our surgical strategy for unruptured complex aneurysms under BTO algorithm were acceptable; however, the results of ruptured complex aneurysms had issues to be solved. To improve the safety of the treatment for complex aneurysms, bypass procedure is useful and sometimes mandatory.
The generation of rimitive olynomials in GF(q) with independent roots and their applications for ower residue codes, VLSI testing and finite field multipliers using normal basis

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The interest of this research is in finding rimitive olynomials with linearly independent roots over the Galois field of q elements, GF(q). Existing methods are sufficient only to generate a single olynomial. Here they need to be enumerated in order to apply further selections in view of the applications. The olynomials are generated through a search algorithm extensively runed using some known results and newly derived corollaries. Tables of these olynomials are given over fields up to GF(19) for the first time. The common background for the applications is in forming a normal basis from the linearly independent roots. Three applications are discussed, each including new results: the transformation of ower residue codes to quasi-cyclic codes; the VLSI implementation of multiplication and inverse operations over Galois fields and the acceleration of BCH error correcting code decoding; and the superior aliasing robabilities for the digital testing of integrated circuits
Role of sterol 3‐ketoreductase sensitivity in susceptibility to the fungicide fenhexamid in Botrytis cinerea and other phytopathogenic fungi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND The narrow‐spectrum fungicide fenhexamid was introduced into French vineyards in 2000 to control grey mould caused by a complex of two cryptic species: Botrytis cinerea , the predominant species sensitive to fenhexamid, and Botrytis pseudocinerea , naturally resistant. Fenhexamid was suggested to inhibit the 3‐ketoreductase involved at C‐4 demethylation steps during ergosterol biosynthesis, as revealed by its effects on the B. cinerea sterol profile. Resistance monitoring studies have hitherto identified two B. cinerea fenhexamid‐resistant phenotypes, both resulting from mutations in the erg27 gene encoding 3‐ketoreductase. RESULTS The role of 3‐ketoreductase sensitivity in fungal susceptibility to fenhexamid was investigated by studying sterol profiles and microsomal 3‐ketoreductase in various fungal strains. Fenhexamid does inhibit B. cinerea 3‐ketoreductase activity. Erg27 mutations causing amino acid substitutions in or near the transmembrane domain strongly decrease the affinity of fenhexamid for 3‐ketoreductase. Fenhexamid has very low affinities for 3‐ketoreductase in inherently resistant species, whether closely related to B. cinerea , like B. pseudocinerea , or more distantly related, like Nectria haematococca . CONCLUSION erg27 mutation and erg27 polymorphism may therefore contribute to the unfavourable binding of fenhexamid to its target, 3‐ketoreductase, explaining the acquisition of fenhexamid resistance in B. cinerea and the narrow spectrum of this fungicide.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
An Interactive Multimedia Program to Train Professional Caregivers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

An interactive multimedia computer training program on CD-ROM was compared with a videotaped lecture-based training program for professional caregivers of patients with dementia. Both programs promoted use of appropriate communication skills including speaking skills, reacting skills, redirection skills, and use of communication cards for redirection. Professional and paraprofessional caregivers (N = 88) were recruited as participants and randomly assigned to view one of the training programs. In a pretest-posttest design, participants rated caregiver responses in video vignettes of specific caregiving situations. At posttest, those who viewed the interactive program were significantly more likely to: (a) identify the correct responses, (b) intend to use correct strategies, and (c) have increased self-efficacy to use correct strategies, compared to participants who saw the videotaped lecture.
Distributed application framework for large scale distributed systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The author introduces an infrastructure to develop large scale distributed applications, called the distributed application framework (DAF). With DAF, services provided by a distributed system are implemented as individual shared libraries that could be linked and loaded into a running process. A generic server is able to dynamically link these libraries to provide those services to its clients. To manage services in a system, DAF applies the notion of name space used by distributed file systems. That is, each server provides a Unix-filesystem-like name space to name and manage available services. The result is that managing services on a server is similar to handling files on a file system. A prototype of DAF has been implemented on top of Sun OS 4.1 using the Sun remote procedure call (RPC), external data representation (XDR), and dynamic linker.< >
Efficacy of Disinfectants Against Tropical Race 4 Causing Fusarium Wilt in Cavendish Bananas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), caused by a suite of Fusarium fungi, is among the most devastating plant diseases. The iconic FWB epidemic in the previous century lasted decades and was caused by so-called Race 1 strains that wiped out the dominant ‘Gros Michel’ banana plantations across Central America. Eventually, it was stopped because the Race 1-resistant ‘Cavendish’ banana variety replaced ‘Gros Michel’, which dominates global production (>50%) and trade (>95%). However, presently, the so-called Tropical Race 4 (TR4) threatens plantations of ‘Cavendish’ and many other banana varieties around the globe. Prevention is the first line of defense against the spread of TR4. Therefore, many disinfection units are installed to prevent the entry of TR4 in banana plantations. These foot and tire baths are filled with disinfectants, but limited knowledge is available on their efficacy. In this project, we evaluated 13 disinfectants commonly used in the Philippines. Our results show that the efficacy of these products depends on the type of fungal spores, the exposure time, and the replenishment frequency of the disinfection units. The resting spores of TR4 were resistant to all but one − unfortunately corrosive − disinfectant. Furthermore, we show that the actual contact time with disinfectants was far below the thresholds determined in laboratory experiments. Finally, muddy disinfection units reduced the efficacy of disinfectants. Taken together, we conclude that practices are inadequate to prevent the dissemination of TR4.
The haplotypes GCA and ACA in ESR1 gene are associated with the susceptibility of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) in Chinese Han

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The nonstructured abstract were supplied as following: Estrogen receptor is involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). The ESR1 and ESR2 genes can mediate nongenomic estrogen responses. This study aimed to assess the genetic association between the ESR1 and ESR2 genes polymorphisms and RSA susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. A total of 258 women who had experienced RSA and 264 unrelated healthy women were recruited. Genotypes of the 6 polymorphisms in the ESR1 (rs9340799, rs2234693, and rs3798759) and ESR2 genes (rs207764, rs4986938, and rs1256049) were analyzed using Snapshot technology. No association was detected between the alleles and genotypes of ESR1 rs9340799, rs2234693, and rs3798759 polymorphims and RSA risk ( P > .05). Subjects carrying the haplotype of rs9340799A-rs2234693C-rs3798759A had a significantly increased RSA risk in the case group compared with the control group (P = .0005, Padj = .003, odds ratios [95% CI] = 0.35 [0.19–0.65]). However, subjects carrying the haplotype of rs9340799G-rs2234693C-rs3798759A had a significantly decreased RSA risk in the case group compared with the control group ( P = .0005, Padj = .003, odds ratios [95% CI] = 2.99 [1.57–5.70]). In addition, no association was found between the alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes of ESR2 rs207764, rs4986938, rs1256049 polymorphisms and RSA risk (P > .05). In conclusion, the haplotype rs9340799A-rs2234693C-rs3798759A of ESR1 might be a risk factor. And the haplotype rs9340799G-rs2234693C-rs3798759A of ESR1 might be a protective factor for RSA in a Chinese Han population.
THE DISABILITY OF CITIZEN OF ELDERLY AGE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

During the period of health care reforming, study of a true picture of population health and medical social needs in particular age-gender groups, including elderly age, is a necessary condition for planning development of health care, social support and scientific substantiation of prevention programs. The article presents the results of comparative analysis of indices of disability of main age groups of adult population of the Russian Federation during 2005-2016. The methods of study: documentary, data sampling, statistical and graphic techniques. The volume of study made up to 34,840,933 individuals aged from 18 years and older, recognized as disabled, including disabled persons of elderly age - 12,971,062 individuals. The established characteristics of primary and repeated disability of citizen of elderly age in the Russian Federation (gender characteristics, nosological structure, regional differentiation) are covered that reflect demographic tendencies of aging of population. The dynamics of disability of citizen of elderly age during long term period (2005-2016) testifies alteration of ratio between primary and repeated established cases of disability. In 2005 overwhelming exceeding of primary recognized as disabled persons over repeatedly recognized was marked: 81.2% against 18.9%. In 2016 in total contingent of the examined the disabled persons with repeatedly established disability prevailed: 62.7% against 37.3%. During the period of observation, the level of repeatedly established disability among citizen of elderly age increased up to 74,5% (R2 = 0,546), whereas in contingents of young and middle age is marked a stable tendency to decreasing of value of indicator (R2 = 0,934, R2 = 0,5873 correspondingly). The citizen of elderly age prevails in the structure of disability due to malignant neoplasms, diseases of blood circulation system, diseases of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, diseases of eye, ear and mastoid bone, diseases of endocrine, nervous and urogenital system. In connection with high invalidation, the elderly category of population is in need of significant medical social support. The development of activities targeted to medical social rehabilitation of citizen of elderly age it is appropriate considering regional differentiation of the subjects in the Russian Federation related to prevalence of disability and also gender characteristics of disability.
Extra-Pair Paternity in the European Starling: The Effect of Polygyny

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We determined the frequency of extra-pair paternity and intraspecific brood parasitism in European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) by performing multilocus DNA fingerprinting on 22 complete families from a population in southern Sweden. Among 92 nestlings, we did not detect any successful intraspecific brood parasitism. This confirms observational data that successful intraspecific brood parasitism is rare in this population. We detected eight extra-pair young. Except for one case, where all (two) nestlings were fathered by another male than the one attending the nest, no more than one nestling in each nest was fathered by an extra-pair male. Although the degree of extra-pair paternity was higher in nests of secondary females than in those of primary and monogamous females, this difference was not significant. There was no relationship between a male's paternity with his primary and secondary female during the same season. There was a tendency for males to loose paternity in the broods of secondary females when the fertile periods of his females overlapped considerably. We suggest that the relative ease by which female Starlings can be mate-guarded, the fact that mate-attraction and mate-guarding do not have to be exclusive activities and the high within pair copulation frequency in Starlings may keep the degree of extra-pair paternity low.
Absence of Rhythmic Response of the Shoot Apex of Sinapis alba to Applied Cytokinin

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Absence of Rhythmic Response of the Shoot Apex of Sinapis alba to Applied Cytokinin Get access G. BERNIER G. BERNIER Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, University of LiègeSart Tilman, B400 Liège, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Annals of Botany, Volume 41, Issue 5, September 1977, Pages 1089–1090, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a085384 Published: 01 September 1977 Article history Received: 23 May 1977 Published: 01 September 1977