jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Essays on the Costs and Benefits of Cleaner Energy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Undertaking a major clean energy transition in both developing countries and developed countries is challenging. Well-designed policies weigh the cost and benet of every alternative. My dissertation considers dierent aspects of such transitions in two very dierent contexts: a nationwide transition from kerosene to cleaner burning propane in Indonesia, and a transition from a fossil fuel to 100 percent renewable electric system in Hawaii. As for the benets of cleaner energy, it helps us to understand to what extent a cleaner fuel transition could improve people's health and their well-being, and sheds light on some possible channels through which better health arises. As for the cost of cleaner energy, it also demonstrates how ecient variable pricing can lower the cost of clean renewable energy. To assess how ecient pricing aects the cost of renewable power, I introduce a new computational modeling tool that can simultaneously consider key features of a real-time power system and a realistic characterization of demand with potentially exible end uses. The model is generalizable and can be easily adapted to other settings. Chapter 2 studies the impact of a household fuel conversion program on infant mortality by examining a kerosene to liquid petroleum gas (LPG) conversion program in Indonesia, one of the largest household energy transition projects ever attempted in the developing world. Chapter 3 examines the extent to which variable pricing can make renewable energy more cost eective in the state of Hawaii. It uses a novel model of power supply and demand that simultaneously optimizes investment in generation capacity, storage capacity, and real-time operation of the system, a demand system that accounts for interhour elasticity and overall demand elasticity. Lastly, chapter 4 investigates on the extent to which the switching improves households well-being. Using a nationwide transition from kerosene to cleaner burning propane in Indonesia, the same program as in chapter 2, I investigate households consumption response to fuel switching.
Vigilantism, the press and signal crimes 2006 - 2007

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThe clear presence of vengeance as an underlying motive behind calls for self-help in the immediate aftermath of some violent homicides indicates that community protection is largely irrelevant where vigilantism is associated with these 'signal crimes'. This paper documents the characteristics of five major cases between 2006 and 2007 where the threat ofcommunity-generated vigilante activity received media coverage, the nature of that coverage, the role of police in cautioning the public to reassert their legitimacy and monopoly over the correct procedures for conducting criminal<br />investigations and the implications of these issues in light of the moral 'outrage' associated with the status of the victim in each case. In an era of increased community concern about crime, it appears vigilantism is an important rhetorical indicator of the level of collective insecurity prompted by fatal assaults, especially in regional areas characterised by underlying racial<br />tensions and cases involving vulnerable child victims. However, when viewed alongside the virtual victimhood promoted by stylised press reporting, it appears 'vigilantism' is a pertinent signifier of public anxiety over the timing, location and antecedents of some serious violent crimes, rather than a descriptor of any substantive community-generated measures aimed at promoting greater levels of public safety.<br /><br />\n\t\t\t\t
Evaluating Pedometer Algorithms on Semi-Regular and Unstructured Gaits

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Pedometers are popular for counting steps as a daily measure of physical activity, however, errors as high as 96% have been reported in previous work. Many reasons for pedometer error have been studied, including walking speed, sensor position on the body and pedometer algorithm, demonstrating some differences in error. However, we hypothesize that the largest source of error may be due to differences in the regularity of gait during different activities. During some activities, gait tends to be regular and the repetitiveness of individual steps makes them easy to identify in an accelerometer signal. During other activities of everyday life, gait is frequently semi-regular or unstructured, which we hypothesize makes it difficult to identify and count individual steps. In this work, we test this hypothesis by evaluating the three most common types of pedometer algorithm on a new data set that varies the regularity of gait. A total of 30 participants were video recorded performing three different activities: walking a path (regular gait), conducting a within-building activity (semi-regular gait), and conducting a within-room activity (unstructured gait). Participants were instrumented with accelerometers on the wrist, hip and ankle. Collectively, 60,805 steps were manually annotated for ground truth using synchronized video. The main contribution of this paper is to evaluate pedometer algorithms when the consistency of gait changes to simulate everyday life activities other than exercise. In our study, we found that semi-regular and unstructured gaits resulted in 5–466% error. This demonstrates the need to evaluate pedometer algorithms on activities that vary the regularity of gait. Our dataset is publicly available with links provided in the introduction and Data Availability Statement.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium Tetraiodide Induced Cyclization of 2‐(2‐Cyanoalk‐1‐enyl)‐β‐keto Esters into 2‐Iodopyridines.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Entomofauna of buried remains: Motter's 1898 "Fauna of the grave" revisited.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A metadata analysis was conducted on data that were presented in a past paper that appears to have gone largely unnoticed save for occasional comment of an uncritical nature. Data were derived from 123 graves of 150 disinterments that included invertebrate grave fauna, which Dr Murray Galt Motter carried out in 1898 form the City of Washington cemeteries. Approximately 75 taxa (including some undetermined to species) were assessed in Motter’s tables, from which the most informative group of thirteen species were extracted (representing the top 80.2% relative abundance). The remaining long tail of “singleton’s”, were mostly adventive species and incidental records that provide little context. The data analysis demonstrated clear patterns in faunal structure for the following parameters: month of interment, duration of interment, presence or absence of Adipocere, depth of grave, soil type and moisture content. These results confirm the prevalence of a small number of species restricted to particular conditions, which are discussed with reference to known ecological or behavior preferences for these species as well as a comparison with more modern research recorded in scientific literature. \nAdipocere generally excludes insects and those species prevalent in graves where it is absent sometimes occur in much lower abundance (sig. p < 1%). Lepismatidae and Eleusis pallida LeConte 1863 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Osoriinae) demonstrated a preference for 1.52m grave depth, sandy-clay soil, wet to submerged grave conditions and burial in crypts (all sig. p < 1%). As is to be expected faunas are higher from interments conducted in summer months (April to June) with a secondary peak of activity in autumn months (August – October). The occurrence of the two most abundant taxa (Lepismatidae and Eleusis pallida) at a duration of interment of 8 years and Lepismatidae peaked a second time at 11 years. Gamasid mites (Uropoda depressa Banks in Motter 1898) peak at 5 years duration of interment and the Staphylinid Actobius umbripennis LeConte 1863 peaked twice at 5 and 8 years. Most other species fluctuated and demonstrated several or non-significant peaks. The prevalence of Lepismatidae, Eleusis pallida, U. depressa and Actobius umbripennis together with the less abundant members of this guild, suggest an association with fungal hypha, which may be the main food source for these species, rather than direct products of decomposition. Even so, the presence or absence of this guild helps inform forensic instances of burial taphonomy.
Spontaneous emission of a driven five-level atom in a defective photonic crystal

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The free space spontaneous emission spectra of a driven five-level atom embedded in a defective double-band photonic band-gap material are investigated. The effect of quantum interference on the spontaneous emission spectra and its nature are discussed. It is shown that the nature of quantum interference in the presence of the driving field and defect mode may be destructive or constructive depending on the initial atomic coherency. Keywords: spontaneous emissionphotonic band-gap materialdefectfive-level atom
Higher Radix Floating-Point Representations for FPGA-Based Arithmetic

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

FPGA implementations of floating-point operators have historically been designed to use binary floating-point representations. The general computing world settled on binary floating-point representations over three decades ago, and more recently, the FPGA community followed their example. Binary representations were chosen to maximize numerical accuracy per bit of data, however, the unique nature of FPGA-based computation makes numerical accuracy per unit of FPGA resources a more important measure of the usefulness of a given floating-point representation. In this paper, we show that higher radix floating-point representations are well suited to FPGA-based computations, especially high precision calculations which require the support of denormalized numbers. Higher radix representations use FPGA resources more efficiently. For example, a hexadecimal floating-point adder has a 30% smaller area-time product than its binary counterpart, while still delivering equal worst-case and better average-case numerical accuracy. Contrary to established belief, higher radix representations are useful for FPGA applications requiring IEEE 754 compliance, since they can deliver superior numerical performance while still using less FPGA resources.
Prevalence of hearing impairment in employees working in Ratlam railway junction

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Noise pollution is contributed by various factors where railway noise is one of the major sources and causes of noise pollution. Railway noise mainly affects the population residing nearby and working at the railway stations as they are exposed to a high degree of noise from shunting operations, switching operations, whistles, horns, locomotive engines in the diesel shed, and rail yards of the railway station. Aim: The present study was conducted to assess the noise effects on railway employees with the rate of hearing loss growth and reduction in their working efficiency. Also, the study assessed noise's effect on regular daily life. Material and Method: The present study included 100 subjects working at the Ratlam railway junction who were selected by deliberate sampling method. The present study was a questionnaire-based study that utilized the preformed structure proforma that assessed basic knowledge about the well-being of the study subjects and their efficiency during working hours. The answer to the questions was either in the yes or no format on the marking grades of 0-5 that varied from not at all for 0 score and5 for very much score.
DEPENDENCE AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN DIFFERENT AGED GROUPS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Білюченко, Ю. М. Залежність як фактор розвитку агресивної поведінки \nу різновікових групах / Білюченко Ю. М. // Вчені записки ТНУ імені В. І. Вернадського. Сер.: Психологія. – 2022. – Т. 33 (72), № 3. - С. 94-99. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.32838/2709-3093/2022.3/16.
Problems of body structure and size of the hypophysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The size of the hypophysis, especially of the anterior lobe, is related to body size while the nervous lobe is related to the brain weight. The anterior lobe of the hypophysis in domestic animals is smaller than that of their ancestors in the wild. The proportions of the body, the distribution of bulk, as they appear in different races – whippets and bulldogs – are related to the size of the anterior lobe. Same body weight implies that the anterior lobe is nearly twice as large in animals with a compact body structure. These intraspecific results can also be shown inter-specificly by comparing the species of African Bovidae. Independent of the influence of body size, the subfamilies Alcelaphinae and Hippotraginae possess a larger anterior lobe. A tendency can be shown for a relation to body structure as short-legged species living on marshy grounds (Kobus) or soft sands (Addax) have larger anterior lobes.
Marketing and Firm Value: Metrics, Methods, Findings, and Future Directions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The marketing profession is being challenged to assess and communicate the value created by its actions on shareholder value. These demands create a need to translate marketing resource allocations and their performance consequences into financial and firm value effects. The objective of this article is to integrate the existing knowledge on the impact of marketing on firm value. The authors first frame the important research questions on marketing and firm value and review the important investor response metrics and relevant analytical models as they relate to marketing. Next, they summarize the empirical findings to date on how marketing creates shareholder value, including the impact of brand equity, customer equity, customer satisfaction, research and development and product quality, and specific marketing-mix actions. Then, the authors review emerging findings on biases in investor response to marketing actions. They conclude by formulating an agenda for future research challenges in this emerging area.
An Analytical Approach to the Analysis of Guard‐Channel‐Based Call Admission Control in Wireless Cellular Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We develop an analytical approach to the performance analysis and optimization of wireless cellular networks for which different types of calls are prioritized based on a channel reservation scheme. We assume that the channel occupancy time differs for new and handover calls. We obtain simple formulas for calculating quality of service (QoS) metrics and solve some problems related to finding the optimal values of guard channels as well as present the results of numerical experiments.
A Technique for Estimating the Probability of Detecting a Nongaming Drug User

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract To evaluate the effectiveness of random urinalysis drug testing strategies, it is necessary to estimate the probability of detecting drug users, that is, the probability that users will be selected for drug testing and test positive. Methodologies were developed for estimating the probability of detecting nongaming drug users under a variety of drug wear-off models. It was observed that the probability of detection is proportional and the expected number of months until detection is inversely proportional to the monthly test rate.
[Epidemiological investigation and analysis of an outbreak of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in adult].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To conduct an epidemiological investigation and analysis of an outbreak of mycoplasma pneumonia in adults. Methods: The first case was a 23-year-old male came from the Third Military Medical University, who served as an intern in the Fuzhou General Hospital of PLA and presented on July 16, 2015 with a history of low-grade fever, dizziness, fatigue and chest tightness. Chest CT revealed pulmonary nodules shadow. It was found that other 11 individuals who had been in close contact with the first patient also had similar pulmonary nodules shadow after chest CT examination. Immediately, the health and epidemic prevention department of the ministry of health of Nanjing Military Command and the disease prevention and control center of the Nanjing Military Command received a phone call from Fuzhou General Hospital of PLA. Upon arrival, the prevention and control team conducted a series of epidemiological investigations and on-site prevention, control and disposal of the event, and conducted chest CT screening for other 289 students and staff who volunteered to be examined living in the same area. After the patients with similar pulmonary nodules shadow were screened out, mycoplasma antibody titer detection and chest CT re-scanning were performed for compliance patients. Results: There were 301 students living in the dormitories (Building A and B) of the student living area, and they were screened by chest CT, and it was found that 27 of them had pulmonary nodules shadow, including single pulmonary nodules shadow (48.1%, 13 out of 27) and multiple pulmonary nodules shadow (51.9%, 14 out of 27). And halo sign was observed in 25 of 27 patients (92.6%). The majority of the 27 patients were asymptomatic, only 2 patients got cough, a few of them had systemic symptoms such as fever, dizziness, fatigue. The positive rate of pulmonary nodules shadow was 32.8% (22/67) in building A (poor environmental hygiene), 2.14% (5/234) in building B, and the total incidence rate was 8.97%. Four-fold increase in the mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) antibody titer in the paired sera was observed in first 12 patients. Measures such as disinfection, isolation and sanitation were taken to control the spread of the epidemic. There was no serious and death cases on the basis of active treatment on the affected patients. Conclusions: The outbreak of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia often occur in crowded places. And the clinical and imaging features of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia are atypical. Standard epidemiological intervention should be adopted for the sudden onset of respiratory diseases with unknown causes.
Regulation of Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteins by Differential Target Multiplexed Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) and Traditional Low-Rate SCS in a Rat Nerve Injury Model

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

There is limited research on the association between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and chronic neuropathic pain. The objective of this study was twofold. Firstly, we aimed to assess changes in expression levels and the phosphorylation of ECM-related proteins due to the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain. Secondly, two modalities of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) were compared for their ability to reverse the changes induced by the pain model back toward normal, non-injury levels. We identified 186 proteins as ECM-related and as having significant changes in protein expression among at least one of the four experimental groups. Of the two SCS treatments, the differential target multiplexed programming (DTMP) approach reversed expression levels of 83% of proteins affected by the pain model back to levels seen in uninjured animals, whereas a low-rate (LR-SCS) approach reversed 67%. There were 93 ECM-related proteins identified in the phosphoproteomic dataset, having a combined 883 phosphorylated isoforms. DTMP back-regulated 76% of phosphoproteins affected by the pain model back toward levels found in uninjured animals, whereas LR-SCS back-regulated 58%. This study expands our knowledge of ECM-related proteins responding to a neuropathic pain model as well as providing a better perspective on the mechanism of action of SCS therapy.
IMPLEMENTING DNA AND RNA NANOPORE SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGY IN UNDERGRADUATE TEACHING

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Considering the fast pace at which sequencing technologies progress and at which genomics data are generated, it is no longer possible to ignore the urgency of equipping undergraduate students in science programs with the required skills to manage the amount and type of sequencing data being generated. In particular, the third-generation technologies, such as nanopore sequencing, became highly relevant for genomic research and clinical diagnostics due to low capital cost, device portability and real-time data acquisition.

One of the stage 3 undergraduate courses our School offers is Molecular Frontiers (BABS 3281). The course focuses on cutting-edge molecular biology techniques and their applications in biomedical research. We recently included nanopore DNA and direct RNA sequencing as a part of practical laboratory classes in the course and introduced lectures constructively aligned to the experimental protocol of the practical. The implementation of nanopore technology, where students could generate genome-wide RNA sequencing data and explore biological meaning of gene expression profiles using online bioinformatics pipeline, resulted in significant increase in students’ satisfaction with BABS 3281 and 3-fold increase in student enrolments in the following year. In this presentation, I will reflect on the students’ experience and discuss lessons learned as a course coordinator.
Observations on an epidemic of paratyphoid fever in Dundee, 1941

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An epidemic of paratyphoid B fever occurred in Dundee during the period from 19 February to 19 October 1941. There were 373 notifications and 357 patients were admitted for investigation and treatment to King's Cross (Infectious Diseases) Hospital. Information was also received of the occurrence of eight cases in other areas, and there is evidence that they were infected in Dundee.