jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An outbreak of Gynanisa maja (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) larvae in the south‐eastern lowveld of Zimbabwe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The larvae of speckled emperor moths ( Gynanisa maja ) are important plant defoliators in savanna ecosystems of southern Africa and a valuable food resource for indigenous communities. Population explosions of G. maja larvae can negatively impact an area's primary productivity thereby altering herbivory patterns and associated ecosystem processes. Harvests of the larvae enhance socio‐economic livelihoods of local people by providing a source of protein and improving household incomes. We report on a population outbreak of G. maja larvae that occurred in south‐eastern Zimbabwe between December 2022 and January 2023 and discuss the ecological and social significance of the event. A total biomass weight of 5811 tons of G. maja larvae was estimated over the area of the outbreak and extensive defoliation was recorded in Colophospermum mopane trees. We could not associate the outbreak with any obvious environmental conditions and speculate that it may have been caused by subtle triggers that are not easily identified.
Effects of Reaction Temperature on the Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from<i> Psidium guajava</i> Leaf Extract

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Silver nanoparticles have been well known to possess efficient antibacterial properties. Many studies conducted on silver nanoparticles synthesized in different routes, from physical methods to chemical techniques to biological synthesis. In this study, the biological route was utilized using Psidium guajava leaves extract mixed with silver nitrate to synthesize silver nanoparticles. In addition, syntheses were done at varying temperatures to investigate its effect over antibacterial properties of the silver nanoparticles obtained. Results showed blueshifting of UV-Vis peaks suggesting decrease in particle size as synthesis temperature increases. FTIR also showed that the synthesized nanoparticles may have been capped by phenolic compounds from the biomolecules in guava leaves. Finally, antibacterial tests via Disc Diffusion Test suggested that the silver nanoparticles biologically synthesized at higher temperatures are more effective bactericides than those synthesized at lower temperatures as indicated by the measured zones of inhibition.
Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO/Ag(NPs) Nanocomposite Thin Films under Natural Conditions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The original technique developed for the direct incorporation and efficient dispersion of silver metal NPs into ZnO precursor solution allowed us to elaborate nanocomposite thin films with a large effective surface area for interaction with the external environment as well as a large surface area for metal–semiconductor interaction suitable for surface photocatalysis reactions. Such photocatalysts have the advantage of being in solid form, combining the benefits of the semiconductor material and the metallic nanoparticles embedded in it, while being eco-friendly. Their photocatalytic performance was analyzed under different operating conditions. The improved photocatalytic performance, stability, and reusability of the nanocomposite were demonstrated under both laboratory and natural conditions of use. The results of the present study provide interesting perspectives for the application of these photocatalysts in water treatment.
Come costruirsi un grigliato NTv2 in casa

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

For those working with spatial data in a geographic information system (GIS), one of the most frequent activities (and, not infrequently, even frustrating) concerns the transformation of coordinates between different reference systems. Among the various methods used to make coordinate transformations between different datum, those who make use of gratings deviations allow for a high degree of accuracy overwide geographic areas, provided, however, that they are reliable values of the deviations assigned to the nodes. In the article, after having explained the standard specifications NTv2, is described, in broad terms, the general procedure that allows us to estimate variances when the coordinates are known, referring to two different datum, a set of points evenly distributed on area of interest.
A Comparison of Document Similarity Algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Document similarity is an important part of Natural Language Processing and is most commonly used forplagiarism-detection and text summarization. Thus, finding the overall most effective document similarity algorithm could have a major positive impact on the field of Natural Language Processing. This report setsout to examine the numerous document similarity algorithms, and determine which ones are the mostuseful. It addresses the most effective document similarity algorithm by categorizing them into 3 types ofdocument similarity algorithms: statistical algorithms, neural networks, and corpus/knowledge-basedalgorithms. The most effective algorithms in each category are also compared in our work using a series of benchmark datasets and evaluations that test every possible area that each algorithm could be used in.
Myonectin deletion promotes adipose fat storage and reduces liver steatosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT We recently described myonectin (also known as erythroferrone) as a novel skeletal muscle‐derived myokine with metabolic functions. Here, we use a genetic mouse model to determine myonectin's requirement for metabolic homeostasis. Female myonectin‐deficient mice had larger gonadal fat pads and developed mild insulin resistance when fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) and had reduced food intake during refeeding after an unfed period but were otherwise indistinguishable from wild‐type littermates. Male mice lacking myonectin, however, had reduced physical activity when fed ad libitum and in the postprandial state but not during the unfed period. When stressed with an HFD, myonectin‐knockout male mice had significantly elevated VLDL‐triglyceride (TG) and strikingly impaired lipid clearance from circulation following an oral lipid load. Fat distribution between adipose and liver was also altered in myonectin‐deficient male mice fed an HFD. Greater fat storage resulted in significantly enlarged adipocytes and was associated with increased postprandial lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue. Parallel to this was a striking reduction in liver steatosis due to significantly reduced TG accumulation. Liver metabolite profiling revealed additional significant changes in bile acids and 1‐carbon metabolism pathways. Combined, our data affirm the physiologic importance of myonectin in regulating local and systemic lipid metabolism.—Little, H. C., Rodriguez, S., Lei, X., Tan, S. Y., Stewart, A. N., Sahagun, A., Sarver, D. C., Wong, G. W. Myonectindeletion promotes adipose fat storage and reduces liver steatosis. FASEB J. 33, 8666–8687 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Risk Assessment for Geotechnical Solutions Offshore (Invited Lecture)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

More and more frequently, it is required to quantify risk in practice. Statistics, reliability analysis and risk assessment are important tools to account for uncertainties and to assist the process of decision-making. After briefly reviewing concepts of uncertainties, reliability, safety and risk, the paper presents applications and approaches for offshore geotechnical practice. Methods for analysis of bearing capacity and settlement to couple statistical observations, e.g. from geological evidence of underwater slope instability, and computed failure probabilities are presented. The geotechnical profession needs to improve its understanding of geological risks and its ability to deal with them. Risk perception in society triggers discussion of acceptable risk level and public protection guidelines. The paper concludes that the profession can only gain by implementing in practice more systematically than before probabilistic and risk-based thinking and, where appropriate, risk-based methodology.
Pressure Drop in Plate Heat Exchangers During Crystallization Fouling

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient are measured during calcium sulphate deposit formation in a plate and frame heat exchanger. The performance of the plate heat exchanger is compared with that of a double pipe heat exchanger. Although the plate heat exchanger, due to its superior design, fouls less than the double pipe heat exchanger, it still suffers from a severe reduction in performance. Deposits on the plates restrict the flow through the narrow flow channels increasing the pressure drop across the plate heat exchanger several times above the starting value when there is no fouling. This may overcome the advantages of higher heat transfer coefficient and reduced fouling, and make the installation of plate heat exchangers economically unattractive. Depending on the design of the plates, the pressure drop may increase significantly even though the heat transfer surface remains almost clean. Keywords: Plate heat exchanger, double pipe heat exchanger, pressure drop, heat transfer, fouling resistance, crystallization, calcium sulphate.
The Economic Costs of Congenital Bilateral Permanent Childhood Hearing Impairment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic costs of bilateral permanent childhood hearing impairment (PCHI) in the preceding year of life for children aged 7 to 9 years. METHODS. A cost analysis was conducted by using a birth cohort of children born between 1992 and 1997 in 8 districts of Southern England, of which half had been born into populations exposed to universal newborn screening (UNS). Unit costs were applied to estimates of health, social, and broader resource use made by 120 hearing-impaired children and 63 children in a normally hearing comparison group. Associations between societal costs per child and severity of hearing impairment, language ability score, exposure to UNS, and age of confirmation were analyzed, including adjustment for potential confounders in a linear regression model. RESULTS. The mean societal cost in the preceding year of life at 7 to 9 years of age was £14092.5 for children with PCHI, compared with £4206.8 for the normally hearing children, a cost difference of £9885.7. After adjusting for severity and other potential confounders in a linear regression model, mean societal costs among children with PCHI were reduced by £2553 for each unit increase in the z score for receptive language. Using similar regression models, exposure to a program of UNS was associated with a smaller cost reduction of £2213.2, whereas costs were similar between children whose PCHI was confirmed at &lt;9 or &gt;9 months. CONCLUSIONS. The study provides rigorous evidence of the annual health, social, and broader societal cost of bilateral PCHI in the preceding year of life at 7 to 9 years of age and shows that it is related to its severity and has an inverse relationship with language abilities after adjustment for severity.
Radiochemical Determination of Plutonium in Urine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadiochemical Determination of Plutonium in UrineH. V. Weiss and W. H. ShipmanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 1, 37–39Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60169a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60169a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemical Interactions Among Defects in Germanium and Silicon

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Interactions among defects in germanium and silicon have been investigated. The solid solutions involved bear a strong resemblance to aqueous solutions insofar as they represent media for chemical reactions. Such phenomena as acid-base neutralization, complex ion formation, and ion pairing, all take place. These phenomena, besides being of interest in themselves, are useful in studying the properties of the semiconductors in which they occur. The following article is a blend of theory and experiment, and describes developments in this field during the past few years.
Telescoping the City: Technological Urbiquity, or Perceiving Ourselves from the Above

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paradigmatic turn into network society has radically transformed the capacity to situate ourselves into geographical extension and communities. While the view from above has historically represented privileged vantage points reserved for elites, the popularization of mobile digital devices and the general technological acceleration have disclosed new elevated standpoints to the masses, such as those provided by mobile phones locative applications, imposing them as banal stances in the everyday practice of global citizens. The steady use of internet maps and satellite infrastructure allows the instant telescoping of the individual gaze to the above, augmenting individual capacity to real time position oneself with pinpoint accuracy onto the planetary grid and visually investigate distant realities in trans-scalar continuity. This text proposes the concept of technological urbiquity as a neologism to describe a fast-emerging techno-social condition that provides remote access to almost everything that once was the reason for the city to exist and endorses the process of planetary urbanization. It is a condition that, I want to argue, has a disruptive capacity in respect to consolidated geographical categories and social roles, but that also obscures the emerging subjacent techno-political order and its inherent fragility and unsustainability.
Roles of apolipoproteins B and E in the cellular binding of very low density lipoproteins.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Apoproteins B and E both interact with cellular low density lipoprotein (LDL) apolipoprotein B and E (apo B,E)-receptors, and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) contain both apo B and apo E. Our aim was to study the relative importance of apo B and apo E in the binding of VLDL subfractions to cells. Two monoclonal anti-LDL-apo B antibodies (464B1B3 and 464B1B6, 2a and 2b, respectively) and two anti-apo E antibodies (1506 A1.4 and 1907 F6.4) were used to inhibit lipoprotein-cell interactions. In confirmation of previous findings, the binding and degradation of 125I-LDL by human fibroblasts were inhibited approximately 90% by antibodies 2a or 2b or the antigen-binding fragments of 2a, whereas the cellular processing of 125I-VLDL3 (Sf20-60), 125I-VLDL2 (Sf60-120), and 125I-VLDL1 (Sf greater than 120) were inhibited by only approximately 50%, approximately 25%, and less than 10%, respectively. The VLDL1-3 and LDL-dependent intracellular esterification of cholesterol with [3H]oleate were inhibited to a similar extent. Other monoclonal anti-human apo B antibodies inhibited lipoprotein-cell interactions much less effectively and nonimmune IgG isolated from mouse serum did not inhibit at all. 20-fold excesses of LDL produced about the same patterns of inhibition of degradation of 125I-VLDL1-3 and LDL by cells as did antibodies 2a and 2b, whereas homologous unlabeled VLDL1-3 in like amounts inhibited the matched 125I-VLDL subfraction more effectively. Two anti-apo E monoclonal antibodies and a polyclonal anti-apo E antibody inhibited cell-mediated degradation of and lipoprotein-dependent cholesterol esterification by VLDL1 but not VLDL3 or LDL. The results suggest that receptor recognition sites on apo E in preference to sites on apo B mediate the cellular binding of hypertriglyceridemic VLDL1. However, the proportion of particles bound via apo B seems to increase as VLDL decreases in size toward LDL, and virtually all of LDL binding is mediated by apo B.
A marketing model: applications for dietetic professionals.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Traditionally, dietitians have communicated the availability of their services to the "public at large." The expectation was that the public would respond favorably to nutrition programs simply because there was a consumer need for them. Recently, however, both societal and consumer needs have changed dramatically, making old communication strategies ineffective and obsolete. The marketing discipline has provided a new model and new decision-making tools for many health professionals to use to more effectively make their services known to multiple consumer groups. This article provides one such model as applied to the dietetic profession. The model explores a definition of the business of dietetics, how to conduct an analysis of the environment, and, finally, the use of both in the choice of new target markets. Further, the model discusses the major components of developing a marketing strategy that will help the practitioner to be competitive in the marketplace. Presented are strategies for defining and re-evaluating the mission of the profession, for using future trends to identify new markets and roles for the profession, and for developing services that make the profession more competitive by better meeting the needs of the consumer.
Rate-control drug delivery systems: controlled release vs. sustained release.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Recently, several technical advancements have been made in the development of new generation of drug delivery systems. These systems are capable of controlling the rate of drug delivery, sustaining the duration of therapeutic efficacy, and/or targeting the delivery of drug to a tissue. Depending upon the technical sophistication, these rate-control drug delivery systems can be classified into three major categories: (i) pre-programmed drug delivery, (ii) activation-controlled drug delivery, and (iii) feedback-regulated drug delivery. Various types of drug delivery devices which have been recently marketed or under active development are grouped, on technology basis, under each category. The fundamentals behind the development of each type of the rate-control drug delivery systems with the successful examples of biomedical application are analyzed, aiming to gain a better understanding of the science and technology involved as well as to pave a solid foundation for future development of innovative new drug delivery systems.
Intraperitoneal Pressure and Intra-Abdominal Pressure: Are they the Same?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background In peritoneal dialysis (PD), a standard therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the effects of using the peritoneum as an exchange membrane and of dialysate dwelling within the peritoneal cavity creates some mechanical changes, including an increase in intraperitoneal pressure (IPP) that might lead to intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). The diagnosis of IAH and ACS depend on intra-abdominal measurement of IAP by an indirect technique. There is no clear distinction between IPP and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Our objective in this study was to find if there is real difference between IPP and IAP. Methods This study was conducted at the PD unit of King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, between July 2008 and January 2009. To be included, patients had to have known ESRD for at least 5 years, to be 18 years of age or older at enrollment, with stable body weight and blood pressure, and with no clinical signs of overhydration. Patients with congestive heart failure III and IV (New York Heart Association criteria) and severe pulmonary disease, psychiatric illnesses, neurogenic bladder, known history of peritonitis, or medical or surgical abdominal intervention in the preceding 3 months were excluded. We measured IAP by the direct technique through the peritoneal catheter and by an indirect technique using an intravesical catheter. Results The 25 patients who met the inclusion criteria included 13 men and 12 women, with a mean age of 53 ± 2 years (range: 18 – 76 years). The predominant causes of ESRD were diabetes mellitus and glomerulonephritis. Mean IPP in the dry state (supine) was 9.49 ± 5 mmHg, and mean IAP was 9.4 ± 5.4 mmHg ( p = 0.9). In the dry state (erect), the mean IPP increased to 16.9 ± 7.2 mmHg, and the mean IAP, to 16.4 ± 6.9 mmHg ( p = 0.8). In the filled state (supine), mean IPP was 12.6 ± 4.7 mmHg, and mean IAP, 12.8 ± 4.8 mmHg ( p = 0.88); the erect pressures were 21.4 ± 7 mmHg and 21.6 ± 6.9 mmHg respectively ( p = 0.9). Conclusions Our findings indicate that there is no statistical difference between IPP and IAP in either the erect or the supine position.