jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Case of Diffuse Neurofibroma Located in the Cervical Region

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A rare case of diffuse neurofibroma located in the cervical region is presented along with a review of the medical literature. A 43-year-old female noted a swelling in the left side of the cervical region. She was admitted to our hospital, and the tumor was surgically removed. Histological examination of the resected tumor revealed diffuse neurofibroma immunohistochemically. There has been no recurrence for one year and 10 months following surgery.
Healthcare workers’ perspectives on mandatory influenza vaccination: a scoping review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Vaccination is efficacious at preventing influenza disease transmission, morbidity and mortality. Benefits of influenza vaccination for healthcare workers (HCW) are emphasized, yet vaccine uptake among HCW remains suboptimal. Mandatory vaccination programs may increase influenza vaccine uptake, however, attitudes and beliefs of HCW towards these mandates are not well known.Aims: This scoping review examined the attitudes and beliefs of HCW to ascertain the barriers and enablers to the implementation and acceptance of mandatory vaccination programs in healthcare settings.Design: Scoping review, guided by the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews.Methods: Literature published between 2019 and 2023 was reviewed from five electronic databases, between June and October 2023.Data sources: Quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies were obtained. Studies were limited to full-text English articles, published within peer-reviewed journals over the last five years. Data were extracted by both authors and documented using a modified version of the JBI's scoping review data extraction instrument, and analyzed thematically.Results: The original search yielded 319 articles. Forty-two articles were screened, with 10 studies included. Most HCW had negative views towards mandatory influenza vaccination, influenced by geographical location, age and discipline. The protection of patients and affordability/accessibility of vaccination were described as enablers to the acceptance of mandatory measures. The belief that mandatory vaccination was a violation of autonomy and misconceptions concerning influenza transmission, vaccine mechanism of action, side effects and effectiveness, were described as common barriers.Conclusions: Health services must carefully consider the context in which mandatory vaccination programs are implemented and employ strategies that incorporate education and promote vaccine accessibility, affordability and HCW autonomy. The quality of evidence retrieved was moderate to poor, with high heterogeneity between studies. Minimal Australian research was evident, limiting the generalisability of findings. These results should be interpreted with caution and further high-quality research is recommended.
Photoelectrochemical Performance of a CuBi2O4 Photocathode with H2O2 as a Scavenger

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an eco-friendly method for producing clean and sustainable hydrogen fuels. Compared with the fabrication of solar hydrogen using n-type metal oxide semiconductor photoanodes, that of solar hydrogen using p-type metal oxide semiconductor photocathodes has not been researched as thoroughly. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of drop casting time on the PEC performance of a prepared CuBi2O4 photocathode. XPS, HRTEM, UV-DRS, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM analyses were used to characterize the prepared CuBi2O4 photocathode. Owing to the high charge separation and transfer, the photocurrent density of the CuBi2O4 photocathode was ~0.6 mA cm−2 at 0.3 V vs. RHE. The nanoporous CuBi2O4 photocathode exhibited a high photocurrent density of up to 1.2 mA cm−2 at 0.3 V vs. RHE with H2O2 as a sacrificial agent. Mott–Schottky and impedance measurements were also performed on the CuBi2O4 photocathode to estimate its acceptor density and charge-transfer resistance.
Validation and Clinical Applications of a Measurement Model for Upper-Extremity Function

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Date Presented 4/16/2015 A measurement model with two constructs (weight of objects and distance from the floor) explained 83% of the variance (p &lt; .01) for the challenging levels of the gross upper-extremity (GUE) measure of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF; World Health Organization, 2001). This finding suggests a possible underlying measurement model for upper-extremity function.
sj-docx-1-mcr-10.1177_10775587231186720 – Supplemental material for A Systematic Review of Outcomes Related to Nurse Practitioner-Delivered Primary Care for Multiple Chronic Conditions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-mcr-10.1177_10775587231186720 for A Systematic Review of Outcomes Related to Nurse Practitioner-Delivered Primary Care for Multiple Chronic Conditions by Amy McMenamin, Eleanor Turi, Amelia Schlak and Lusine Poghosyan in Medical Care Research and Review
X-RAY-morphological features of the current COVID-19 and HIV infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infection of HIV-infected with a new coronavirus infection, due to its high contagiousness, is inevitably growing all over the world. According to estimates of Chinese scientists, their number is currently more than 500 thousand people. Considering that COVID-19 leads to suppression of immunity and the emergence of opportunistic infections in HIV-negative patients, the activation of secondary diseases in patients with HIV is natural. In view of this, the study of the features of the X-ray morphological picture of inflammatory changes in the lungs according to MSCT data in patients with COVID-19/HIV became the goal of this study. 13 patients who underwent treatment at the Surgut Regional Clinical Hospital during the period from March to July 2020 underwent MSCT of the chest organs upon admission, before discharge, as well as in case of deterioration or lack of effect from the therapy — every 3 days. The detection of pathognomonic CT signs of COVID-19 in the lungs in patients with HIV (the nature of the lesion, the stage of the disease, the severity of the inflammatory process) was carried out in parallel with the diagnosis of opportunistic infections. During the examination, atypical clinical and X-ray morphological signs of the course of COVID-19/HIV coinfection were identified. In HIV-infected people, COVID-19 proceeds more easily and in disguise, while opportunistic infections both in clinical and radiological manifestations have priority signs. They are the reasons for the aggravation of the course of the disease, as well as the development of complications in these patients.
[Evaluation on application of 3D printing digital positioning guide in root canal retreatment].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Application of 3D-printed digital positioning guides in root canal retreatment can achieve precise and minimally invasive pulp opening, reduce damage to coronal restorations, preserve more dental tissue, and improve the removal efficiency of root canal fillings and the fracture resistance of dental tissue, as well as performance, safety and reliability.
Lung Diseases Due to Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted by inhalation of droplets. Medication is the main component of TB treatment. When starting tuberculosis treatment, first a case definition is made and the treatment regimen is determined. The treatment regimen consists of two periods: an initial period and a maintenance period. First-generation medications used in TB treatment: Isoniazid (INH), Rifampicin (RIF), pyrazinamide (PZA), ethambutol (EMB) and streptomycin. Secondary medications used in the treatment of resistant TB. Treatment success rate increases with directly observed treatment.
CMB Scale Dependent Non-Gaussianity from Massive Gravity during Inflation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider a cosmological model in which the tensor mode becomes massive during inflation, and study the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and polarization bispectra arising from the mixing between the scalar mode and the massive tensor mode during inflation. The model assumes the existence of a preferred spatial frame during inflation. The local Lorentz invariance is already broken in cosmology due to the existence of a preferred rest frame. The existence of a preferred spatial frame further breaks the remaining local SO(3) invariance and in particular gives rise to a mass in the tensor mode. At linear perturbation level, we minimize our model so that the vector mode remains non-dynamical, while the scalar mode is the same as the one in single-field slow-roll inflation. At non-linear perturbation level, this inflationary massive graviton phase leads to a sizeable scalar-scalar-tensor coupling, much greater than the scalar-scalar-scalar one, as opposed to the conventional case. This scalar-scalar-tensor interaction imprints a scale dependent feature in the CMB temperature and polarization bispectra. Very intriguingly, we find a surprizing similarity between the predicted scale dependence and the scale-dependent non-Gaussianities at low multipoles hinted in the WMAP and Planck results.
High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Larynx

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To report a single institutional series of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx (NCL), a very rare yet aggressive tumor. To review the management of NCL, including discussion of clinical behavior, treatment outcome, and prognosis. Method: A retrospective chart review of high-grade laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas at a single institution, including small- and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. A total of 8 patients with high-grade NCL treated at our institution from 1992 to 2014 were identified. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 65.5 years (range, 43-80). Five patients were male. Two patients had a known smoking history. Primary tumor location was supraglottic in 7 patients and glottic in 1 patient. Primary treatment consisted of surgery alone (3 patients), radiotherapy alone (1 patient), combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy (1 patient), and surgery followed by postoperative chemoradiotherapy (3 patients). Locoregional recurrence followed by distant metastasis occurred in 6 patients. Median overall survival was 44.0 months (95% CI, 3-62.0). Conclusion: High-grade NCL is a rare diagnosis. Compared to well- and moderately differentiated NCL, high-grade NCL has a far more aggressive clinical course and associated with a worse prognosis. To our knowledge, this is the largest series of patients with high-grade NCL treated at a single institution. Prompt diagnosis and multimodality therapy including elective neck dissection may improve survival.
Energy Consumption in Peer-to-Peer Protocols for Ubiquitous Devices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper studies energy consumption in peer-to-peer protocols in the context of file distribution among border devices and wireless sensors, which are limited in processing power and battery duration. Gnutella, Chord, CAN, Pastry, and Tapestry protocols were compared to the client-server approach insimulations using SimGrid and Triva, analyzing the energy cost of message exchanging. The peer-topeerprotocols presented less consumption to distribute a file among 10 devices, and the best results were achieved by the Chord protocol. The client-server architecture presented the worst results, as expected, due to the high concentration of load in a single server. Processing costs of the Gnutella protocol were comparedto the client-server's, with very similar results.Keywords: peer-to-peer, ubiquitous computing, green computing.
Decision-making biases: novice and habitual women entrepreneurs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings Habitual entrepreneurs are prone to all three types of overconfidence (overestimation, overplacement and overprecision) and to overoptimism. Novice entrepreneurs are prone to one type of overconfidence (overestimation) and to overoptimism. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance after trauma: insulin signaling and glucose transport

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Surgical trauma induces peripheral insulin resistance; however, the cellular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. We examined the effects of surgical trauma on insulin receptor signaling and glucose transport in skeletal muscle, a tissue that plays a predominant role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Surgical trauma was induced by intestinal resection in the rat. Receptor phosphorylation was not altered with surgical trauma. Phosphotyrosine-associated phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase association was increased by 60 and 82% compared with fasted and fed controls, respectively ( P < 0.05). Similar results were observed for insulin receptor substrate-1-associated PI 3-kinase activity. Insulin-stimulated protein kinase B (Akt kinase) phosphorylation was increased by 2.2-fold after surgical trauma ( P < 0.05). The hyperphosphorylation of Akt is likely to reflect amplification of PI 3-kinase after insulin stimulation. Submaximal rates of insulin-stimulated 3- O-methylglucose transport were reduced in trauma vs. fasted rats by 51 and 38% for 100 and 200 μU/ml of insulin, respectively ( P< 0.05). In conclusion, insulin resistance in skeletal muscle after surgical trauma is associated with reduced glucose transport but not with impaired insulin signaling to PI 3-kinase or its downstream target, Akt. The surgical trauma model presented in this report provides a useful tool to further elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the development of insulin resistance after surgical trauma.
Deciding Who Gets to Decide

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On the surface, Rosen's study would appear to be the story of the successful advocacy for Deaf culture and language in schools. In this response, I read the subtext of Rosen's article, in which troubling questions arise about systemic structures that work against full access to decision making, the dilemma of diversity, the problem of participatory parity for disabled students who have been shut out of the democratic process, and the question of who gets to decide which arguments about education prevail.
Lophodermium hedericola . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A description is provided for Lophodermium hedericola . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Lophodermium hedericola is not known to cause any disease of its associated plant. The pale and brittle character of colonized parts of the leaf are typical for members of the Rhytismataceae . HOSTS: Hedera helix (dead fallen leaf), H. nepalensis (leaf), Hedera sp. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: Pakistan. EUROPE: Great Britain, Ireland. TRANSMISSION: Not known. Presumably by air-borne ascospores released in humid conditions.
<p class="Body"><strong>New findings of the subgenus <em>Bischeloribates</em> of <em>Scheloribates </em>(Acari, Oribatida, Scheloribatidae) from China</strong></p>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two new species of the subgenus Scheloribates (Bischeloribates) from China are described and illustrated. Scheloribates (Bischeloribates) liangshanensis sp. nov. differs from S. (Bischeloribates) dаlawaeus Corpuz-Raros,1980 by longer bothridial setae with unilaterally dilated, apically pointed, barbed head. Scheloribates (Bischeloribates) sanmingensis sp. nov. differs from other known species of this genus by the presence of U-shaped furrow underneath the Notogaster. The subgenus Scheloribates (Bischeloribates) is recorded in mainland China for the first time. Scheloribates (Bischeloribates) mahunkai Subías, 2010 is recorded in China for the first time. An identification key to world species of Scheloribates (Bischeloribates) is given.
Effect and mechanism of EOP on diabetic mice induced by alloxan

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the hypoglycemic effect of the eucommia ulmoides oliv polysaccharides on diabetes mellitus mices caused by Alloxan,in order to provide the theretical basis for further development and use of Eucommia.Methods: Hyperglycemic model of mice was made by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan.By the test of the blood glucose of the mice with blood glucose monitoring,blood glucose levels higher than 10.0 mmol/L were the successful diabetic mice.The mice were randomly divided into 6 teams by weights,and each group had 8 mice.Different doses of physiological saline,Xiaokewan,low dose,medium dose and high dose were given to mice orally according to weight(ig),administered orally for ten days.At the end of the fasting administration the mice can not help but water 3 hours.The blood glucose levels and weight were detected again,after the blood from eyeball was taken,the mice were sacrificed for thymus and spleen,then their index were calculated.Finally,the index of MDA,SOD in blood,and NO,NOS in the liver were measured.From the above indexs,the hypoglycemic effect of the Eucommia ulmoides oliv polysaccharides was observed on diabetes mellitus mices caused by Alloxan.Results: Eucommia ulmoides oliv polysaccharides effectively decreased the blood glucose of diabetes mellitus mice caused by Alloxan.Compared with the model group,Eucommia the polysaccharide group of blood glucose and weight loss reduced,thymus index and the index spleen increased,and MDA,NO lower,and SOD,NOS increased.Conclusion: Eucommia ulmoides oliv polysaccharides can decrease the blood glucose of diabetes mellitus mice caused by Alloxan.
Pain anticipation recruits the mesolimbic system and differentially modulates subsequent recognition memory

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The ability to encode information into long‐term memory is not a passive process but can be influenced by motivational factors. While the mesolimbic system has long been associated with reward‐driven memory enhancement, the precise neurobiology of processing aversive events and their effects on declarative learning remain unclear. To address this issue, human subjects encoded a series of scene images, which was combined with cues predicting an aversive electric shock with different probabilities (0.2, 0.5, 0.8). Subsequently, recognition memory for the scenes was tested using a remember/know procedure. In a behavioral experiment, shock probability had linear effects on familiarity and inverted u‐shaped effects on recollection. While the behavioral effect was absent in experiment 2 (fMRI), at the neural level encoding‐related activity in the hippocampus mimicked the recollection specific quadratic effect, whereas activity in the anterior parahippocampal gyrus mirrored the familiarity specific linear relationship that was evident in experiment 1. Importantly, the probability of upcoming shocks was linearly coded in the substantia nigra / ventral tegmental area, and pain associated brain regions, such as the insula, responded to shock delivery. Our results demonstrate that anticipating primary aversive events recruits the human mesolimbic system and differentially modulates declarative memory functions via medial temporal lobe structures. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4594–4606, 2014 . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The development of echo-subject markers in Southern Vanuatu

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

One of the defining features of the Southern Vanuatu language family is the echo-subject (ES) marker (Lynch 2001: 177-178). Canonically, an ES marker indicates that the subject of the clause is coreferential with the subject of the preceding clause. This paper begins with a survey of the various ES systems found in Southern Vanuatu. Two prominent differences amongst the ES systems are: a) the level of obligatoriness of the ES marker; and b) the level of grammatical integration between an ES clauses and the preceding clause. The variation found amongst the ES systems reveals a clear path of grammaticalisation from the VP coordinator *ma in Proto–Southern Vanuatu to the various types of ES marker in contemporary Southern Vanuatu languages
Multtvariate diversity of Polish winter triticale cultivars for spike and other traits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Multtvariate diversity of Polish winter triticale cultivars for spike and other traits The objective of the present study was to determine the extent and pattern of genotypic diversity for six spike quantitative characters and two other traits in 36 winter triticale cultivars released in Poland, to classify the cultivars into similarity groups (clusters) and to identify those traits, among the studied ones, which mostly discriminated distinguished groups of cultivars. The 36 cultivars, released in the period from 1982 to 1999, were evaluated across three years 2002-2004 at the Experimental Field Station in Czesławice near Nałęczów, Poland. The experiments were carried out on the brown soil with loess subsoil. In each year the one-replicated experimental design was used with 2 m 2 plots, rows 20 cm apart, and dense sowing using about 2 cm spacing of seeds. Analyses of variance for each trait data according to the random model (both cultivars and years were assumed to be random factors) were done. To classify and characterize genotypic diversity of the cultivars for the eight traits, the pattern analysis was used. It involved both cluster analysis using Ward's procedure with a measure of the multivariate similarity among cultivars being Squared Euclidean Distance and canonical variate analysis (CVA) on the basis of cultivar BLUP s for the original traits. Quite different groups of cultivars for the studied traits were found, specially one group was substantially distanced to the others. As it was shown by CVA, spike length and number of spikelets per spike as negatively correlated with number of grains per spikelet in the studied set of the cultivars relatively largest contributed to overall differentiation of the distinguished eight groups and then, these traits best discriminated among the eight cultivar groups in the term of Mahalanobis distance for the considered traits. The 1000 grain weight and grain protein content much less contributed to overall discrimination of the cultivar groups than the previous four traits. The most important agronomic traits characterizing productivity of the spike grain weight and its two components, e.g. number of grains per spikelet and number of grains per spike had least discriminating power for the groups of cultivars. Grain yield per unit area of cereals is a result of spike grain yield and the number of spikes per unit area. In these studies of winter triticale cultivar diversity only grain spike yield and its components were included. Thus, the presented study are a primary evaluating of phenotypic diversity in the cultivars. The further study on the cultivar diversity evaluation for grain yield per unit area and its components is necessary.