jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Using multiple linear regression techniques to quantify carbon stocks of fallow vegetation in the tropics

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Fallow ecosystems provide a significant carbon stock that can be quantified for inclusion in the accounts of global carbon budgets. Process and statistical models of productivity, though useful, are often technically rigid as the conditions for their application are not easy to satisfy. Multiple regression techniques have been applied to study some biophysical phenomena but yet to be applied to carbon stock estimation. Using ecological data from 28 sampling locations, the study applied the stepwise multiple regression technique to identify ecological variables that wouldexplain carbon stock of fallow vegetation, aged between 3 and 8 years. The procedure generated three predictive regression models. The full model, could explain nearly 98% of variability of carbon stock (R2 = .979), using cationexchange capacity and total nitrogen content of soil and leaf area index as the three predictor variables. Sampling inaccuracies could have contributed to the error component of models and sample size increase has been suggested forreduction of such errors. The advantage of the method is its simplicity. The paper suggests that the derived models be validated before broad application. Also, the cost-effectiveness of the approach should be tested against other approaches.
The Pharmacokinetic Changes in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Population: Narrative Review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare genetic disorder commonly affecting multiple organs such as the lungs, pancreas, liver, kidney, and intestine. Our search focuses on the pathophysiological changes that affect the drugs’ absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review aims to identify the ADME data that compares the pharmacokinetics (PK) of different drugs in CF and healthy subjects. The published data highlight multiple factors that affect absorption, such as the bile salt precipitation and the gastrointestinal pH. Changes in CF patients’ protein binding and body composition affected the drug distribution. The paper also discusses the factors affecting metabolism and renal elimination, such as drug–protein binding and metabolizing enzyme capacity. The majority of CF patients are on multidrug therapy, which increases the risk of drug–drug interactions (DDI). This is particularly true for those receiving the newly developed transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), as they are at a higher risk for CYP-related DDI. Our research highlights the importance of meticulously evaluating PK variations and DDIs in drug development and the therapeutic management of CF patients.
Study on flowering behaviour of elite mango cultivars in subtropical conditions of Bihar

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Flowering is a decisive factor in the productivity of mango. Twenty mango cultivars were studied for the flowering behaviour at Bihar agricultural university, sabour. The perusal of data recorded showed the earliest bud break in cultivar Bombay Green on 19th January followed by Bombai and Zardalu on 26th January. However, SB Chausa, Fazli and Neelum recorded a very late bud break. Maximum numbers of panicles were found in the cultivar Langra (2275) while the minimum number of panicle was found in Neelum (587). Maximum panicle length was observed in SB Chausa (34.5 cm) while minimum was found in Bombay green (17.25 cm) followed by Neelum (20.75 cm). There were differences between cultivars for the date of first flower opening and in the time and duration of peak flowering. There is, therefore, a possibility of carrying out selection for earliness as well as duration of flowering. In terms of the flower types, staminate flowers were first to appear in all the cultivars followed by hermaphrodite one. The cultivar Langra showed maximum percentage of hermaphrodite flower (73.86%) while minimum hermaphrodite flower percentage was found in Swarnarekha.
Therapy of chronic hepatitis B: new goals and new treatments.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Treatment of chronic hepatitis B has shown a rapid development in the last years leading to a shift of treatment strategies from interferon to hepatitis B virus (HBV)-polymerase inhibitors. In particular, treatment with HBV-polymerase inhibitors has changed the indication on how to treat a patient and when to stop therapy. Long-term treatment with HBV-polymerase inhibitors may often be required, even if it raises the possibility of resistance and subsequent treatment failure. This review provides a strategy on how to manage HBV therapy with the currently available treatment options.
A Mobile-Enabled Adaptive Gamification Framework for Programming Education

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While traditional teaching and learning methods in education have turned to be more active and engaging with the help of technology, this study proposes a Holistic Gamification Learning Adventure (HGLA) framework, which integrates gamification principles, multidimensional progression, and narrative-driven experiences for programming education. Different from most other gamification models, adaptive pathways and collaboration in the HGLA framework ensure novelty in accommodating diverse learning styles and proficiency levels of both novice and advanced programmers. It’s a framework that uses responsive design to ensure access across devices, creating ubiquitous learning environments. The embedment of gamified missions and narrative-driven challenges shall make students active participants instead of passive observers, while the motivation, engagement, and retention concerning programming concepts shall be developed. The multi-dimensional progression within the framework caters to individual learning paces, ensuring an individualized educational experience for deeper conceptual understanding and long-term retention. The present study shows how the HGLA framework has transformed programming education into an adaptive, inclusive, and impactful learning journey—a beacon of change in innovative teaching methodologies.
DAG-Based Dependent Tasks Offloading in MEC-Enabled IoT With Soft Cooperation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multi-access edge computing (MEC)-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) has become a powerful solution to run computation-intensive applications on end devices. These applications are composed of multiple dependent tasks, which can be abstracted as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). Moreover, applications can share partial intermediate data with each other based on dynamic network conditions to boost its performance, so-called soft cooperation. However, it is quite challenging to make optimal offloading decisions with external dependency between tasks of different DAGs introduced by soft cooperation, as well as the subsequent huge continuous solution space caused. In this paper, we propose a DAG-based dependent tasks offloading method with soft cooperation in MEC-enabled IoT. First, we formulate the problem as a Markov decision process (MDP), aiming to minimize the application latency and energy consumption, and to maximize the cooperation gain simultaneously. Then, we propose a branch soft actor-critic (BSAC) algorithm to make optimal decisions under dynamic network conditions, including the offloaded tasks, the CPU frequency of end devices, and the sharing ratio of intermediate data. Specifically, BSAC uses multiple branch networks to reduce the solution space. Finally, a series of simulations are conducted to establish the superiority of the BASC algorithm over state-of-the-art solutions.
Effect of Spacers on DNA Probe Properties in Hybridization Analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A method of immobilizing oligonucleotides on the surface of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate has been developed. The effectiveness of the complementary binding of target oligonucleotide to oligonucleotide-probes depending on the long spacers of oligonucleotide-probes that bind to the substrate was investigated. It was shown that an increase in the spacer length leads to an increase in the hybridization signal.
Embedding information and communication technologies in the early childhood classroom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

New technologies and the pace of change in modern society mean changes for classroom teaching and learning. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) feature in everyday life and provide ample opportunities for enhancing classroom programs. This article outlines how ICTs complement curriculum implementation in one year two classroom. It suggests practical strategies demonstrating how teachers can make ICTs work for them and progressively teach children how to make ICTs work for them.
An Online Hotel Selection Method With Three-Dimensional Analysis of Reviews' Helpfulness

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The multi-attribute decision-making method based on online reviews has been widely used in addressing the hotel selection problem. However, due to information overload and the presence of fake reviews, traditional hotel selection methods that rely solely on unverified review analysis can affect the outcome of hotel selections. In this study, a novel three-dimensional helpful review analysis model based multi-attribute decision-making approach for hotel selection is established. Firstly, a new three-dimensional helpful review analysis model that effectively filters out sentiment inconsistency reviews, topic inconsistency reviews, and reviews from invalid sources is proposed. Secondly, this study employs TF-IDF and LDA to extract attributes for hotel selection. We further utilize BERT to extract sentiment level for each attribute. Then, a ranking result for alternative hotels is obtained using a combination compromise solution method (CoCoSo). Finally, we demonstrate its effectiveness and feasibility through a case study of selecting the optimal hotel from TripAdvisor.com.
Recovery of Degraded Urochloa Pasture: Effects of Polyhalite on Dry Mass Accumulation and Macronutrient Dynamics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grasslands cover more than 25% of the Earth’s surface and play essential ecological roles, such as forage production, supporting pollinators, and carbon sequestration. This study aimed to evaluate the recovery of a degraded pasture of Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk through aerial dry mass production, plant height, and foliar macronutrients concentration and uptake after fertilization with polyhalite. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching, Research, and Extension Farm of the School of Agrarian and Technological Sciences, UNESP—Dracena Campus, in a dystrophic red–yellow latosol soil. A randomized block design with four replications was used. The treatments included the following: (T1) control, (T2) N + P + liming, (T3) T2 + 30 kg ha−1 K2O (polyhalite), (T4) T2 + 60 kg ha−1 K2O (polyhalite), (T5) T2 + 60 (30 + 30) kg ha−1 K2O (polyhalite), and (T6) 60 kg ha−1 K2O (polyhalite). The treatment with N + P + liming + 60 kg ha−1 K2O (polyhalite) resulted in 93% more dry mass production when compared with the control treatment. This treatment was most effective for grassland recovery, whereas polyhalite alone was ineffective. Tissue N and S concentrations increased as a result of the addition of N + P + liming + 60 kg ha−1 K2O (polyhalite).
Volume management by the book: the NAStore Volume Manager

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The NAStore Volume Manager provides controlled access to removable media under UNIX. It is compatible with the latest informal consensus of the IEEE Storage System Standards Working Group. The modular design allows it to manage robotic and manual drives of various types in many locations: a UNIX daemon fields requests and passes them to the appropriate 'Repository Controller' based on the medium and location of the volume. At NAS the repositories are a vault and a farm of StorageTek ACS robots. Access permissions are handled analogously to the UNIX file system, with noaccess-read-readwrite separately assignable for owner, group, and world. A suite of user utilities allows volume allocation, mounting, moving, listing, access modification, and deallocation to be performed on the UNIX command line; a programmatic interface allows programs (such as a file migration manager) to accomplish the same functions. Initial testing, operational experience, and possible improvements are discussed.< >
Evaluation of content usefulness and quality of YouTube™ videos as an information source for maxillofacial prosthesis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background: Social media platforms such as YouTube™ have become a widely popular source for information regarding health-related issues about medical and dental issues. The simplicity of online watching has concealed the drawback that these videos are not regularly reviewed or checked for their suitability as educational resources for dental professionals and students. Aim: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the content and quality of videos on YouTube™ regarding maxillofacial prosthesis as a source of learning by dental professionals. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one videos satisfying inclusion criteria were watched and carefully reviewed. After that, the following data were recorded in terms of domain in maxillofacial prosthesis: number of views, likes, comments, subscribers of the channel, viewing rate, duration since upload of video, video length/duration, primary purpose of videos, video sources, target group of video, video content, video content usefulness score, modified discern instrument score, and global quality score. Results: No misleading video about said topic was uploaded during the period. Only 5.9% of the YouTube™ videos on maxillofacial prostheses were good. Conclusions: There is a dearth of good-quality videos and videos about maxillofacial prosthesis maintenance, which raises questions if maxillofacial videos on YouTube™ would be equally beneficial for patients.
The effects of the oral supplementation of L‐Cystine associated with reduced L‐Glutathione‐GSH on human skin pigmentation: a randomized, double‐blinded, benchmark‐ and placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Glutathione has become a potential skin‐lightening ingredient after the discovery of its anti‐melanogenic properties. Various mechanisms of action have been considered to explain this property, one of them being the skewing of the melanin synthesis pathway toward the production of lighter pheomelanin instead of darker eumelanin, consequently producing a lightening effect. Aims To evaluate the skin lightening and anti‐dark spot effects of oral supplementation with L‐Cystine associated with L‐Glutathione as compared to placebo and benchmark. Methods Effects of this L‐Cystine‐L‐Glutathione oral combination were investigated in a 12‐week randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, benchmark‐ and placebo‐controlled trial involving 124 Asian female subjects. Women were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups (500 mg L‐Cystine and 250 mg L‐Glutathione, 250 mg reduced L‐Glutathione, 500 mg L‐Cystine, or a placebo, daily). Skin color was measured at baseline, after 6 and 12 weeks by spectrophotometry. Size and color of facial dark spots were determined from digital photographs. Results A significant skin lightening was observed after 12 weeks of oral supplementation with L‐Cystine associated with L‐Glutathione. This combination also induced a significant reduction in the size of facial dark spots after 6 and 12 weeks. It is noteworthy that the observed effects were not only significantly better than those obtained with placebo, but also with L‐Cystine alone or L‐Glutathione alone. Conclusion The daily oral administration of 500 mg L‐Cystine and 250 mg L‐Glutathione during 12 weeks was a safe treatment to effectively lighten the skin and reduce the size of facial dark spots of Asian women.
The influence of the addition of herbs to the summer diet of sheep on the yield of bundz rennet cheese and its nutritional value

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was carried out on samples of raw sheep milk and bundz rennet cheese produced from it. The milk was obtained from ewes of the Koluda prolific dairy breed, from June to August. The sheep were housed indoors and fed with alfalfa green forage and a mixture of concentrate feeds. Three groups were formed for the experiment: group I – control, fed without the addition of herbs to the concentrate feed, and groups II and III, in which an herb mixture was added to the concentrate feed in the amount of 10 and 20 g/sheep/day, respectively. Six experimental batches of bundz rennet cheese were made from the sheep milk, and the effect of the addition of herbs to the sheep diet on the chemical composition of the raw milk, the cheese yield, and its nutritional value was analysed. The results showed that the use of the herbal supplement in the feed of the Koluda prolific dairy sheep in summer had no effect on the chemical composition of the raw milk, and thus its value for processing, expressed as the yield of bundz rennet cheese. Moreover, there was no statistically confirmed influence of the experimental factor on the chemical composition of the cheese. Only a tendency towards lower fat content was noted in the group III cheese in comparison with groups I and II (by 6.5% and 8.0% respectively), which resulted in an improved protein-to-fat ratio (by 7.3% and 9.0% respectively) and lower energy value (by 3.6% and 5.2% respectively). We also noted a tendency towards higher mineral content (ash) in the cheese from groups II and III as compared to group I, by 8.7% and 13.0%, respectively However, these differences were not confirmed statistically, probably due to high intra-group variation in this feature (V% in groups I, II and III: 19.7, 33.7 and 46.1, respectively).
Improvement of Circumcision Technique:Clinical Analysis of 186 Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

[Objective]To summarize the experience of circumcision in the therapeutic process of redundant prepuce.[Methods]A new circumcision that using disposable annulus praeputialis to take redundant prepuce off was conducted on186 patients with redundant prepuce or phimosis patients. The operation effect was observed. [Results]An average of 8 minutes per operation was taken, almost no bleeding during operation, no secondary hemorrhage, hematoma and infection occurred. Postoperative following up (after operation 1～3 month)showed that the remaining prepuce edge was smooth.[Conclusion]The technique of annulus praeputialis is a simplification and improvement to the traditional method. For its simple using, easy controlling, satisfactory result and few complications, it is valuable to popularize as a new method of circumcision.
Prospects and challenges of heritage tourism at Kampong Ayer (water village) in Brunei Darussalam

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Kampong Ayer, where Donald Brown lived in 1967–1968, is a segment of Brunei's capital city Bandar Seri Begawan, located near to Brunei Bay. It is a unique element of the cultural landscape and consists of contiguous stilt villages built along the banks of the Brunei River. There are 13,000 inhabitants still living above water in the water village and practicing the Malay culture and heritage. Kampong Ayer is culturally and historically the most prestigious, as well as one of the largest water settlements in Southeast Asia. It was formerly the capital of the vast Brunei Empire and was located not only along the river but on the river itself. According to the criteria of UNESCO World Heritage Site selection, Kampong Ayer fulfils some of these criteria. In examining the physical characteristics, geography, traditional buildings and housing patterns, and the cultural and natural activities of Kampong Ayer, it could be considered as worthy of inscription as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The tangible and intangible cultural heritage of Kampong Ayer has to be established as exceptional and of outstanding universal human value in seeking UNESCO inscription. The dimension of tourism development is also considered in that, whilst currently there is modest tourism activity in and around Kampong Ayer, the recent construction of the Eco-Corridor within the territorial boundary of the water village could increase tourism, which might in turn place pressures on its heritage value. The objective of this chapter is to understand and analyse the universal cultural values, heritage status, tourism activities and management requirements at Kampong Ayer within the criteria of UNESCO World Heritage site inscription.
[Surgical correction of congenital alveolar cleft: report of 10 cases].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The paper reports our experience in surgical correction of unilateral maxillary alveolar cleft complicated with oronasal fistula by iliac spongy bone marrow autografts in cases. Primary healing of the surgical wounds occurred in all the 10 cases and obvious improvement in external appearance was achieved 3 to 6 months after the surgery. Clear evidence of osteogenesis was found by X-ray examination, and the density of the newly generated bone was comparable to that of normal bones, without visible bounds between the autografts and the normal bones.
The Current Status of Geography in Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents an overview of the current status of geography in Indonesia with particular reference to the university education system. Geography as a discipline apparently occupies a peripheral position in the academic institutions of Indonesia as shown by the fact that so far only three universities offer geography-majors among the nation's some four-hundred colleges. The geography of Indonesia today is characterized by three major trends. The first is a preference for physical geography in accordance with the perception that geography as a whole is one of the natural sciences. The second trend can be observed in the remarkable emphasis placed upon new technologies applying spatial information, which are both subject of study and advanced tools. Finally, geography seeks to play an active role as a practical science within the context of a nation addressing development and integration.