jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial effect of novel gold nanoparticle oral rinse in subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment: An ex-vivo study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Aim: To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of an indigenously prepared gold nanoparticle (AuNP) oral rinse with chlorhexidine oral rinse on plaque samples of subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: In the presented ex-vivo study, previously prepared AuNPs were subjected to microbroth dilution assay for determination of MIC. Dental plaque samples were collected from either first or second maxillary molar teeth from first and second quadrants in 20 subjects (18–30 years) undergoing orthodontic treatment in the outpatient department. An aliquot of 100 µL of saline mixed with plaque was diluted in 0.5 mL of each group (Group 1: control, Group 2: 0.6% AuNP mouthwash, and Group 3: 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash). An aliquot of 10 µL was collected from every group and inoculated in the Brain Heart Infusion agar. After incubating for 48 h, colony-forming units (cfu)/mL were counted and identification of colony morphologies was performed. Shapiro–Wilk's test was done for normality testing and descriptive statistics to quantify the cfu, Kruskal–Wallis test for intergroup comparisons, and Dunn's post hoc Tukey test for pairwise comparisons. Results: Mean and SD of cfu in group 1 was 521.36 ± 168.02, group 2 was 0.85 ± 0.74, and group 3 was 0.55 ± 0.45. Intergroup comparisons revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.000). Pairwise comparison showed significant difference between the groups 1 and 2, groups 1 and 3 (P < 0.000), but not between groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.929). Conclusion: The indigenous AuNP herbal mouth rinse had a good antimicrobial effect against common oral microbes found in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The antibacterial effect of the new novel oral rinse when compared with commercially available chlorhexidine did not differ significantly.
The Distribution of and Factors Associated With Intimate Terrorism and Situational Couple Violence Among a Population-Based Sample of Urban Women in the United States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It has been proposed that two distinct forms of intimate partner violence exist: intimate terrorism and situational couple violence. This article describes the distribution of factors that characterize intimate terrorism and situational couple violence, including controlling behaviors, violence escalation, and injury, among a representative sample of 331 physically assaulted women living in 11 North American cities. In addition, respondent, partner, and relationship characteristics associated with each form of violence are identified. Most women who experienced physical assault also experienced controlling behavior by their male partner. In multivariate analyses, respondent's young age, violence escalation in the relationship, partner's access to guns, previous arrests for domestic violence offenses, poor mental health, and previous suicide attempts or threats were associated with intimate terrorism, defined as experiencing one or more controlling behaviors. These results suggest that situational couple violence is rare and that moderate and high levels of controlling behaviors are associated primarily with partner factors.
A Prospective Study of Ocular Abnormalities in Hearing Impaired and Deaf Students

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a prospective study of 505 hearing impaired and deaf students conducted at Children's Hospital Eye Clinic, 48.7% were found to have significant ocular abnormalities. The prevalence of myopia, astigmatism, and pathological intraocular changes was found to be significantly increased over the general population. In addition, the prevalence of ocular abnormalities generally increased with the severity of the hearing loss. Of importance was the high prevalence of rubella-consistent abnormalities in the hearing impaired and deaf student populations. Rubella syndrome may be responsible for a major portion of high refractive errors and ocular pathological changes. It is recommended that ENT specialists and pediatricians be aware of the nearly 50% chance of ocular abnormality in hearing impaired and deaf students, and that ophthalmologic examination may be valuable for identification or confirmation of the etiology of hearing impairment.
Auditory and visual short-term memory: Influence of material type, contour, and musical expertise.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Draft version 28.03.2020. This paper has not been peer reviewed. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission. Short-term memory has mostly been investigated with verbal or visuospatial stimuli and less so with other categories of stimuli. Moreover, the influence of sensory modality has been explored almost solely in the verbal domain. The present study used the same experimental paradigm to investigate auditory and visual short-term memory for different types of stimuli. In each trial, participants were presented with two sequences of events, separated by a silent delay, and had to indicate whether the two sequences were identical or different. Performance in this recognition (delayed-matching-to-sample) paradigm was compared for materials that were either verbal (i.e., chained syllables without meaning) or nonverbal (i.e., not easily described by verbal labels). For the latter ones, the event sequence could either entail a contour, which is a pattern of up and down changes (based on non-pitch features), or not. All materials were implemented in both auditory and visual modalities. As previous research has reported better auditory memory (and to some extent, visual memory), and better auditory contour recognition for musicians than non-musicians, the recognition tasks were performed by a group of musicians and a group of non-musicians. Results revealed a selective advantage of musicians for the auditory no-contour stimuli and for the contour stimuli (both visual and auditory), suggesting that musical expertise is associated with specific short-term memory advantages in domains close to the trained domain, even extending cross-modally. These findings offer new insights into the role of encoding strategies and their effect on short-term memory performance across modalities.
Papua New Guinea in 1993: Toward a More Controlled Society?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research Article| February 01 1994 Papua New Guinea in 1993: Toward a More Controlled Society? Yaw Saffu Yaw Saffu Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Asian Survey (1994) 34 (2): 133–138. https://doi.org/10.2307/2645113 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Yaw Saffu; Papua New Guinea in 1993: Toward a More Controlled Society?. Asian Survey 1 February 1994; 34 (2): 133–138. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2645113 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1994 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The implications of pharmacogenomics in the treatment of HIV-1-infected patients of African descent

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hector Clarke, Shaker A MousaThe Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USAAbstract: One of the great advances in the treatment of HIV-1 infection was the development of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Although this treatment strategy is highly effective in many individuals, interpatient variability of drug response and high incidences of short- and long-term toxicities remain significant problems associated with this treatment. Logically, pharmacogenetic differences among HIV-1-infected individuals are thought to represent important factors contributing to antiretroviral drug response. Studies have identified polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, and most recently the human leukocyte antigen locus that appears to have significant effects on the clinical outcomes of antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, some studies have shown that many of these crucial polymorphisms are more likely or less likely in certain populations. This review investigates the potential role of pharmacogenomics in the management of HIV-1 infection in people of African descent.Keywords: HIV, AIDS, pharmacotherapy, pharmcogenomic, genetics, African populations, personalized medicine
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY OF SIGMA RECEPTORS Review Article

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sigma (σ) receptors were originally discovered in central nervous system of mammals. Two subtypes of sigma receptors were identified, sigma-1(σ1) and sigma-2(σ2). Sigma receptors are non-opiate and non-dopaminergic G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) which interacts with psychotomimetic drugs like benzomorphan, haloperidol, fluphenzine and many more. The sigma receptors are mainly expressed in brain, heart, liver, spleen, GI tract, blood cells and endocrine tissues. Tumor cells also contain high density of sigma receptors. Endogenous ligands for sigma receptors include divalent cations like magnesium, calcium, manganese, zinc, cadmium and copper. SKF-10,047 was first synthetic ligand for sigma receptor. σ1 receptor expression was found to be predominate over σ2 receptor subtype. σ receptors can control the modulation of voltage gated Ca ++ channel in neuronal and non- neuronal cells. Sigma receptors were reported to increase the force of contraction of heart. It can control various neurotransmitter system including glutamatergic, cholinergic, opioidergic and catecholaminergic and important role in various disorders like schizophrenia, pain, cardiovascular diseases and cognitive disorder. The expression of sigma receptors on tumor cells indicates the role in pathogenesis of cancer. Several drugs of abuse have affinity for σ sigma receptors indicate the role in abuse. σ receptors also interact directly or indirectly with opiate receptors and modulate the analgesic effect of opioids. Sigma receptors are located in gastro-intestinal tract and have protective effect in duodenal ulcer.
Glucocorticoid-induced myopathy in the intensive care unit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Glucocorticoids (GC) are used for intensive care unit (ICU) patients on several indications. We present a patient who was admitted to the ICU due to severe respiratory failure caused by bronchospasm requiring mechanical ventilation and treated with methylprednisolone 240 mg/day in addition to antibiotics and bronchiolytics. When the sedation was lifted on day 10, the patient was awake but quadriplegic. Blood samples revealed elevated muscle enzymes, electromyography showed myopathy, and a muscle biopsy was performed. Glucocorticoid-induced myopathy was suspected, GC treatment was tapered, and muscle strength gradually returned. The patient made full recovery from the quadriplegia a few months later.
Relevance of rotational diffusion on the grating picture of four-wave mixing

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A theoretical study of the nonlinear polarization in a molecular medium is presented. It enables us to stress the importance and to evaluate the contribution of the population and orientational gratings in four-wave mixing depending on the pump- and probe-beam polarizations. The medium is described as an ensemble of two-level systems and is subject to rotational diffusion. The model is valid far or near resonance, as well. It is only assumed that time variation of the field envelopes and rotational diffusion constant are much smaller than the transverse decay rate ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{2}$. The nonlinear polarization is expressed as a function of the field polarizations. The results are applied to a four-wave-mixing experiment to discuss the influence of the rotational diffusion. Finally, by including propagation effects, we use this formalism to calculate a phase-conjugated signal. This enables us to stress the influence of rotational diffusion to achieve time reversal of the envelope of a light pulse.
Paperless e-ticketing system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the world looking seriously on go-green initiative, efforts and implementations have been put into improving various daily activities to reduce unnecessary wastage. In this final year project, the movie ticketing system will be explored and improved to eliminate the use of physical ticket / receipt from the booking process till the end of movie screening. In order to give a complete solution, this project will target on the online purchasing system, which can be tweeted to cater for on-site purchase.
Compilation of disjunctive logic programs using an extended WAM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We show that disjunctive logic programs can be efficiently compiled to an extended version of Warren's Abstract Machine (WAM). In this compilation, we use D.A. Plaisted's (1988) Modified Problem Reaction Format (MPRF) as the basic proof procedure. Compilation of disjunctive logic programs is done in two stages: 1) the axioms and proof rules of MPRF are used to convert the disjunctive logic program into an equivalent Prolog program; and 2) this Prolog program is compiled to a WAM that has been modified to support efficient implementation of the axioms and splitting rule of MPRF. The modified WAM's design and some measurements of its performance are presented.
CALCIFIC TENDONITIS OF THE SHOULDER; IS THERE A PLACE FOR ULTRASOUND GUIDED BARBOTAGE OR EXTRACORPORAL SHOCKWAVE THERAPY AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SURGERY?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical outcome of two non-invasive techniques used in the treatment of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. Over the eight month period April 2000 to November 2000 sixty patients who were referred to this hospital with symptomatic calcific tendonitis were treated either with extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) using the Storz Medical Minilith (Storz Medical AG, Kreuzlingen, Germany) or by barbotage (needle puncture, aspiration and lavage under ultrasound control). All the patients had a long history of shoulder pain (average 42 months), caused by a radiographically evident calcific deposit, that had been unresponsive to conservative treatment including physiotherapy, steroid injections and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory tablets. 15 patients were treated with ESWT and 45 with ultrasound guided barbotage. The patients undergoing ESWT had the application head positioned under real time ultrasound or flouroscopic control. Patients had from one to three treatments with up to 2,500 shocks per treatment at incremental energy levels from 0.1 to 0.2 mJ/ mm2. Patients undergoing real time ultrasound guided barbotage had a single treatment. Clinical outcome was evaluated after a three month period with a postal questionnaire. Thirty-two of 45 patients (71%) in the barbotage group had a marked reduction in symptoms at three months compared to nine out of 15 (64%) of the ESWT group. Shockwave therapy (ESWT) and ultrasound guided barbotage are simple non invasive outpatient procedures which are effective in 64% to 71% of patients. These simple outpatient techniques should be considered for chronic pain due to calcific deposits that have been unresponsive to conservative treatments, and surgery reserved for those who fail to benefit.
Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Machine Intelligence Through Deep Transfer and Representational Learning

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a retinal disease that causes irreversible blindness. DR occurs due to the high blood sugar level of the patient, and it is clumsy to be detected at an early stage as no early symptoms appear at t... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press
Exploiting shape memory to study the effect of change in fiber alignment on cancer cell motility

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture can play a critical role in cell motility during disease pathogenesis, including that of cancer. Aligned collagen fibers have previously been used to study the effect of ECM architecture on cancer cell motility. Due in part to the stasis of such in vitro model systems, the relationship between changes in ECM architecture and cell motility remains poorly understood. The goal of the present study was to establish a model system to study the effect of change in fiber alignment on cell motility. We present a model system that employs a programmable shape memory electrospun scaffold and automated cell tracking and show that changes in fiber alignment can direct cell motility.
A Novel Family of Plant DNA-Binding Proteins Containing both HMG-Box and AT-Rich Interaction Domains

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The A/T-rich interaction domain (ARID) and the HMG-box domain represent DNA-interaction modules that are found in sequence-specific as well as nonsequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. Both domains are found in a variety of DNA-interacting proteins in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms. Proteins that contain both an ARID and an HMG-box domain, here termed ARID-HMG proteins, appear to be specific for plants. This protein family is conserved in higher plants (both mono- and dicot plants) as well as lower plants such as the moss <i>Physcomitrella</i>. Since ARID-HMG proteins have not been studied experimentally, we have examined here two family members from <i>Arabidopsis</i>. The genes encoding ARID-HMG1 and ARID-HMG2 are widely expressed in <i>Arabidopsis</i> but at different levels. Subcellular localization experiments studying ARID-HMG1 and ARID-HMG2 fused to GFP by fluorescence microscopy show that both proteins localize primarily to cell nuclei. Analyses of the DNA-binding properties using electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that mediated by the HMG-box domain, ARID-HMG1 binds structure specifically to DNA minicircles. Mediated by the ARID, the protein binds preferentially to A/T-rich DNA, when compared with G/C-rich DNA. Therefore, both DNA-binding domains contribute to the DNA interactions of ARID-HMG1. Accordingly, the protein combines DNA-binding properties characteristic of ARID and HMG-box proteins.
Regulation of the Macrophage Content of Neoplasms by Chemoattractants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Factor chemotactic for mononuclear phagocytes was found in supernatant fluids of cultured human and mouse tumor cells. In 11 mouse tumors there was a correlation observed between chemotactic activity and macrophage content of neoplastic tissues. Tumor-derived chemoattractants appear to participate in the regulation of tumor-associated macrophages.
Mechanical properties of carotid arteries from DOCA hypertensive swine.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Carotid arteries from control and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) hypertensive swine were examined for alterations in structure and in contractile properties. Vessels were excised 7 weeks after subcutaneous implantation of the steroid and subsequent elevation in mean arterial pressure from 102 to 133 mm Hg. The carotid media was 1.8 times thicker in arteries from hypertensive animals than in arteries from control animals. This enlargement was associated with an increase in muscle mass, as the fraction of the media composed of smooth muscle cells remained unchanged. Maximal active stress induced by several agonists normalized for cell cross-sectional area was unaltered. No change was observed in sensitivity or maximal response to norepinephrine, histamine, or KCl depolarization. Isotonic shortening rates were also comparable, as was the time course of shortening velocity to a constant afterload during tonic contractions. It is concluded that an enlargement of the carotid media develops in this model of hypertension. However, this response is not associated with detectable alterations in contractile system function.
Data_Sheet_1_Leaf Trait Networks Based on Global Data: Representing Variation and Adaptation in Plants.docx

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>The interdependence of multiple traits allows plants to perform multiple functions. Acquiring an accurate representation of the interdependence of plant traits could advance our understanding of the adaptative strategies of plants. However, few studies focus on complex relationships among multiple traits. Here, we proposed use of leaf trait networks (LTNs) to capture the complex relationships among traits, allowing us to visualize all relationships and quantify how they differ through network parameters. We established LTNs using six leaf economic traits. It showed that significant differences in LTNs of different life forms and growth forms. The trait relationships of broad-leaved trees were tighter than conifers; thus, broad-leaved trees could be more efficient than conifers. The trait relationships of shrubs were tighter than trees because shrubs require multiple traits to co-operate efficiently to perform multiple functions for thriving in limited resources. Furthermore, leaf nitrogen concentration and life span had the highest centrality in LTNs; consequently, the environmental selection of these two traits might impact the whole phenotype. In conclusion, LTNs are useful tools for identifying key traits and quantifying the interdependence of multiple traits.</p>
Extrafloral nectaries that attract ants in Bromeliaceae: structure and nectar composition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The occurrence of extrafloral nectaries in some species of Bromeliaceae (subfam. Pitcairnioideae) is reported for the first time in the following plants from central and northern Argentina: Deuterocohnia longipetala, Dyckia ferox, Dyckia floribunda, Dyckia aff. gilliesii, Dyckia ragonesei, and Dyckia velascana. Ants are attracted to the extrafloral nectar that is secreted in a very high concentration (around 80% weight to total weight) by nonstructural, nonvascularized nectaries located in the outer verticil of tepals. They do not possess a specially differentiated nectariferous tissue and the exudate is probably secreted through paracytic and anomocytic stomata. Sugars and amino acids were detected in the nectar, but alkaloids, reducing acids, proteins, phenols, and lipids were not. Amino acid concentration ranged from 121.3 to 975 μg/mL. In all the species there was a high concentration of sucrose (97.2–100%), whereas glucose and (or) fructose were absent or present in a small amount (0.4–1.5%). Key words: Bromeliaceae, extrafloral nectaries, structure, nectar composition, ants.
Denoising realization based on wavelet transform modulus maximum

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on different properties of signals and noise with wavelet transform, the wavelet transform modulus maximum is introduced to eliminate the noise. It includes Mallat alternative projection algorithm and denoising algorithm based on modulus maximum in wavelet field. The first method is introduced to remove the modulus maximum that decreases with increasing scale and reserve those to the contrary, and then, the remainder are reconstructed to the original signal so as to denoise. The wavelet field modulus maximum is realized by obtaining modulus maximum according to adhoc algorithm and compute its definition to get the wavelet coefficients; Finally, the singularity is reconstructed through inverse wavelet transform. Experiment result shows that two methods suppress the noise effectively.