jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design and Optimization of an Optofluidic Ring Resonator Based on Liquid-Core Hybrid ARROWs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present the design and analysis of an integrated optofluidic ring resonator based on liquid-core hybrid polymer-silicon antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (h-ARROW). We perform a modal analysis of h-ARROW using the finite-difference method, in order to find the optimized optical configuration, which accomplishes single-mode operation and reduced attenuation losses. An accurate investigation of the bend sections is performed to preserve the single-mode behavior with reduced propagation losses. A hybrid liquid-core multimode interference (MMI) device is used as a coupling element in the ring layout, and three possible MMI configurations are simulated and compared. By properly designing and optimizing each optical element, we demonstrate, by simulations, the possibility to achieve a quality factor up to 4 × 104 with the extinction ratio of about 31 dB. Bulk and surface sensing performances of the device are also simulated and discussed.
A Methodology to Evaluate User Experience for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have an affinity for technology, which is why multiple studies have implemented different technological proposals focused on the development of skills in people with ASD. Studies have evaluated the user experience (UX) and/or usability of their technological proposals through different evaluation methods, so they can be friendly and usable for users with ASD. However, the evaluation methods and instruments used do not consider the specific characteristics and needs of people with ASD, and furthermore, details are lacking in their implementations. To formalize the UX evaluation process, we propose a three-stage methodology to evaluate the UX in systems, products and services used by adults with ASD. The methodology considers in its processes, evaluation methods and instruments the characteristics of people with ASD so that, through the UX evaluation, the satisfaction and perception of these users about the system, product or service evaluated is improved. This proposal has been validated through the opinions of experts with knowledge in UX/Usability and ASD in two instances, which have contributed to specify, restructure, and improve the methodology.
PRIVATE PROPERTY, PUBLIC INTEREST, AND THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN: THE CASE OF THE LIGHTHOUSES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Until 1836, many of England's lighthouses were privately owned. The owners levied tolls on all merchant shipping which made use of the lights, and in many cases grew rich from the proceeds. After 1815 these profits became increasingly contentious, and, under pressure from shipowners, merchants, and the radical MP Joseph Hume, the whig government abolished private ownership of lighthouses and made Trinity House the sole lighthouse authority for England. The choice of Trinity House as the central administration from a range of alternatives made a UK-wide authority impossible, however, due to the unwillingness of Irish and Scottish MPs to see their national boards replaced by an ‘inferior’ English one. The reform process sheds light on contemporary perceptions of the relationship between private property and public interest and suggests that alongside the process of post-war retrenchment, the state was acquiring a new role as guardian of the public interest, often positioning itself against certain forms of private property. Behind the ‘old corruption’ rhetoric which characterized the demand for reform lay the conviction that certain resources should be excluded from the realm of private property by the state, and that private profit made at the expense of the public interest was morally wrong.
Identity-Based Cryptography

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Posed as an open problem in 1984, but efficiently instantiated only in 2001, identity-based encryption hasn't left the forefront of cryptographic research since. Praised by fans as the economical alternative to public-key infrastructures, booed by critics for its inherent key escrow, identity-based cryptography is also the topic of numerous debates in the cryptographic community. Identity-Based Cryptography looks beyond the controversy and intends to give an overview of the current state-of-the-art in identity-based cryptography. Since research on the topic is still actively continuing, this is necessarily a snapshot of a field in motion, rather than the final word about it. Still, the authors felt the main concepts have by now sufficiently matured to collect them in a single dedicated volume.
On the way to fault detection method in moving load dynamics problem by modified recurrent neural networks approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Parameters identification on structure subjected to moving load can be predicted by using the accurate and reliable data. The concepts of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) approach have been used in parameters (crack locations and severities) identifications in structure subjected to moving load in the present methodology. This methodology has incorporated the knowledge based Elman's recurrent neural networks (ERNNs) and Jordan's recurrent neural networks (JRNNs) jointly for the identification of parameters. This approach has been addressed as the inverse problem for predicting the locations and quantification of cracks in the structure in a supervised manner. The Levenberg-Marquardt's back propagation algorithm is implemented to train the proposed networks. To check the robustness of the present method, Numerical studies followed by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and experimental verifications (Forward problems) are presented as a case study by considering a multi-cracked simply supported structure under a moving mass. The estimated crack locations and severities obtained from the proposed RNNs model converge well with those of FEA and experiments. From the demonstration of the case study, it concludes that the proposed analogy can identify and quantify the crack locations and severities effectively.
Board Gender Diversity and Financial Performance of US Banks: Evidence from Quantile Regression

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In recent years, the influence of board gender diversity on bank outcomes has attracted the interest of regulators, policymakers, and academics worldwide. This paper aims to investigate the impact of board gender diversity on bank performance using mean-based and quantile-based regression methods. Based on a sample of 305 listed US banks, we find that board gender heterogeneity positively impacts the performance of banks, and this impact varies across the performance distribution. More precisely, we find that female board members exert a significantly larger positive influence in high-performing US banks relative to low-performing counterparts. Contrary to previous studies predicting a uniform effect of gender diversity on the performance of banks, our results support the heterogeneous impact of board gender diversity on bank performance.
Prediction of Health Status of Small-Tailed Cold Sheep Based on Improved BP Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

According to related research, different body temperatures, heart rates, and locomotor behaviors of small-tailed cold goats can represent the physical condition of the goats themselves and are used as direct evidence for evaluating the physical health status of small-tailed cold goats. In this paper, we designed and tested a system for predicting the health status of small-tailed cold sheep based on wearable information monitoring technology. To test the system, sheep wearable devices were worn on 36 small-tailed cold sheep of different ages and inconsistent health conditions at different time points from May to October. A SLBAS-BP neural network model for predicting the health condition of small-tailed cold sheep was established using the collected and processed data, which overcame the problem that the traditional gradient descent method in the BP neural network is prone to fall into local optimization leading to insufficient prediction ability. The correct prediction rates of the improved BP neural network for the four health conditions of healthy, sub-healthy, fever, and disease were 98.4%, 94.5%, 90.4%, and 98.7%, respectively, and the average correct prediction rate of the four conditions was 5.8% higher than that before the improvement, reaching 95.2%.
Measuring the efficiency and return to scale status of multi-mode bus transit - evidence from Taiwan's bus system

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article not only the multi-activity DEA model is applied to determine the efficiency of individual services within different but highly homogeneous multi-mode transit firms, but the relationship between size and local returns to scale status of each transit service is also investigated. The empirical findings indicate that it does not necessarily imply that the transit firm will be as efficient as a single-activity model when the multi-activity model is estimated, and there are different optimal scale sizes for highway bus and urban bus service in the Taipei metropolitan area.
Global status and prospects for hybrid hydrogen-natural gas systems for power plants in Sub-Saharan Africa

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract With the lowest power access rate in the world (51.4%), Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a severe energy crisis. Many of the region’s countries report access rates of less than 20%. Even though Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest global greenhouse gas emissions, the region still suffers from climate change, especially extreme droughts. Efforts to tackle these issues by implementing a macro-grid system that integrates natural gas and renewable energy resources have not been successful in reducing the adverse environmental effects and energy poverty. This study highlights research on the technological approaches used in hybrid hydrogen/natural gas in heavy-duty dual-fuel power plants, their benefits and drawbacks, and their economic viability. The goal of this is to suggest an improved and more reliable hub energy system for Sub-Saharan Africa. While all countries in Sub-Saharan Africa utilize natural gas plants, only 17% are involved in hydrogen production, and none have implemented hybrid methods for electrical energy generation. Studies using experimental and numerical analyses have shown that adding hydrogen to natural gas plants increases overall efficiency and lowers CO2 emissions. Furthermore, this research introduces an energy hub approach that incorporates carbon capture and power-to-X technologies, potentially improving efficiency by 42%. These strategies not only support environmental sustainability but also provide economic advantages by decreasing operational and financial losses in power plants. The results reveal a new pathway for the region’s transition to sustainable energy: identifying key locations for the technological and economic viability of hybrid hydrogen/natural gas power plants in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Dermabond as a Novel Solution for Needle-Hole Repair in Arterial Cannula while on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The annual incidence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for adult patients is increasing. Indications may vary from acute lung injury, ECMO-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation, to cardiac failure with an inability to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass. Complications may happen to the ECMO circuit, including cannula leaks from holes, cracks, or other damage, during the support period. Here, we present a novel solution for repairing a bleeding structural leak in the side of an arterial cannula. Dermabond was used to seal a small leak in the cannula likely caused by an earlier accidental needle puncture. Dermabond was applied to the area of damage, then allowed to cure, and wrapped with Ioban for increased stability. The patient was weaned from ECMO 2 days later without any complications from the repair of the cannula. The cannula was unable to be exchanged because of the small thoracotomy used to gain access for cannulation, so a repair was attempted. Moving the cannula to the femoral vessel was ruled out because of continued hypoxia and fear of creating a mixing cloud. Although less invasive incisions are becoming more common in cardiac surgery, these incisions for ECMO may be problematic if issues related to cannulas arise.
Immunofluorescent Evidence for Cellular Control of Synthesis of Variable Regions of Light and Heavy Chains of Immunoglobulins G and M by the Same Gene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two distinct paraproteins (IgG 2 -K and IgM-K) from one patient shared identical light chains and significant portions of the variable regions of the heavy chains. Idiotypic determinants on the IgG and IgM molecules were shared. Earlier studies, using class-specific antisera, showed that these paraproteins were produced by two different populations of cells. The present study, using rhodamine and fluorescein conjugates of the anti-idiotype antisera, demonstrates that all plasma cells that contain immunoglobulin, whether IgG or IgM, stained with anti-idiotype antisera; this occurred irrespective of whether the antisera were made originally against the patient's IgG or IgM. This, plus previous data, indicates that both populations of cells share genetic information for the constant and variable regions of light chains and significant portions of the heavy-chain genes. These, and other cited data, strongly suggest the occurrence of a switch-over from IgM to IgG synthesis in the same cell during the course of the normal immune response.
Resveratrol Reverses Cigarette Smoke-Induced Urocystic Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition via Suppression of STAT3 Phosphorylation in SV-HUC-1-Immortalized Human Urothelial Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hongliang Sun, Zhiqiang Zhang, Taotao Zhang, Hao Geng, Dongdong Xie, Yi Wang, Demao Ding, Tao Zhang, Dexin Yu Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People&rsquo;s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Dexin YuDepartment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People&rsquo;s Republic of ChinaTel +86 137 0569 0883Fax +86 551 6386 9522Email yudx_urology@126.comPurpose: Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor of the urinary tract, and cigarette smoke (CS) is closely related to tumorigenesis. Resveratrol, a plant-derived bioactive nutrient, possesses multiple anticancer effects. However, the mechanism of CS-induced tumorigenesis is still not clear. The role of resveratrol in CS-meditated bladder cancer development has not been reported.Methods: MTT assay showed the toxicity of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the cell viability of SV-HUC-1 cells. Western blotting detected the expression levels of related proteins. Transwell migration or invasion assay evaluated the capacity of cell migration or invasion after treatment. Wound-healing assay revealed the effect of cell migratory capacity. The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry.Results: Our study demonstrated that CSE-triggered epithelial&ndash;mesenchymal transition (EMT) in SV-HUC-1-immortalized human urothelial cells via the STAT3/TWIST1 pathway. Furthermore, the results showed resveratrol effectively inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation, thus reversed EMT triggered by CSE. Meanwhile, the cell proliferation was also suppressed.Conclusion: In conclusion, inhibition of the STAT3 in CSE-induced EMT on bladder cancer may be a promising cancer treatment target for suppression by resveratrol.Keywords: bladder cancer, cigarette smoke, resveratrol, STAT3/TWIST1
Morphotaxonomic Assessment of the pratensis Species Complex with Ontogenetic Development and Redescription of Oligonychus pratensis (Banks) (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Banks grass mite/New World date mite, Oligonychus pratensis (Banks) (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae), is a globally distributed and economically significant agricultural pest. The present study comprehensively addresses the morphotaxonomic identification of globally reported populations of O. pratensis, to resolve ambiguities within the pratensis complex. Detailed morphological characterizations of all mobile stages (larva, protonymph, deutonymph, male, and female) of the Californian population of O. pratensis were provided, with key diagnostic traits utilized in this taxonomic assessment. The taxonomic notes are provided for worldwide populations of O. pratensis reported from six biogeographic realms. The taxonomic identity of the claimed populations of O. pratensis from South Africa (Afrotropical realm), El Salvador (Neotropical realm), China, Pakistan (Oriental realm), and Saudi Arabia (Palearctic realm) were found to either be “doubtful” or exhibit notable differences compared to the Californian population. Notably, the purported Chinese population of O. pratensis was identified as a cryptic species, likely a novel taxon within the gossypii species subgroup. Furthermore, the study confirmed the absence of O. pratensis in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, ontogenetic changes across developmental stages are documented. The findings of this study may contribute to a clearer understanding of the true distribution and global occurrence of O. pratensis, providing robust diagnostic characteristics to support future research.
Diet Discontinuation in Phenylketonuria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Collaborative Study of Children Treated for phenylketonuria (PKU) is being conducted in 15 medical centers throughout the United States.1 In this study, initiated in 1967, 140 PKU children were treated from near birth to 6 years of age. At age 6, with the consent of the parents, each child was randomly assigned to one of two groups, either to continue on a phenylalanine-restricted diet, or to discontinue dietary restrictions and eat a normal diet.
Cluster expansions and chiral symmetry at large density in 2-color QCD

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

SU(N c) lattice gauge theories with N f flavors of massless staggered fermions are considered at high quark chemical potential µ and any temperature T .In the strong coupling regime (sufficiently small β ) they have been shown to possess a chiral phase of intact global U(N f ) ×U(N f ) symmetry.The proof is by cluster expansions which converge in the infinite volume limit.Extension to weaker coupling does not appear feasible in the presence of complex fermion determinant.For theories with real determinant, however, such as 2-color QCD with fundamental fermions, or any N c with even N f and adjoint fermions, such large µ cluster expansions can be used to show chiral behavior of fermionic lattice observables at any gauge coupling.Unfortunately, this absence of color superfluidity/superconductivity at high µ appears to be a lattice artifact due to lattice saturation, a serious problem plaguing the standard finite density formalism on the lattice.Some possible ways of circumventing saturation are discussed.
In this issue – June 2012

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Assay to measure success of functional parathyroid excision · Palliative radiation therapy for malignant trichoepithelioma · Idiopathic haemarthrosis in horses · Fatal snail bait poisoning in a horse · Utility of diagnostic tests for Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia in pigs · Iodine deficiency disorders in sheep · Immobilisation of estuarine crocodiles
The Hyper-Torus Universe Model - A New Paradigm for Understanding Reality

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Hyper-Torus Universe Model (HTUM) proposes a novel framework to unify quantum mechanics, cosmology, and consciousness. This paper introduces HTUM’s core concept: a higher-dimensional hyper-torus encompassing all possible states of existence. HTUM suggests that the universe functions as a quantum system where all outcomes are inherently connected, with consciousness playing a significant role in actualizing reality. The model introduces several key innovations, including the universe’s 4-dimensional toroidal structure (4DTS) (4DTS), providing a new geometric interpretation of spacetime.HTUM presents dark matter and dark energy as nonlinear probabilistic phenomena within this toroidal framework, offering a unique perspective on their nature and interactions. The model proposes a mechanism for wave function collapse through universal self-observation, bridging quantum mechanics and gravity. It introduces a Topological Vacuum Energy Modulator (TVEM) function, offering a potential resolution to the cosmological constant problem.Furthermore, HTUM integrates consciousness as a fundamental aspect of the universe, influencing quantum state actualization and potentially resolving the hard problem of consciousness. The model explores the implications of a timeless singularity and the emergence of time as a product of causal relationships within the toroidal structure.This framework addresses critical challenges in modern physics, including the nature of quantum entanglement, the origin and fate of the universe, and the relationship between mind and matter. The paper discusses the mathematical formulation of HTUM, its implications for quantum mechanics and cosmology, and its potential to bridge the gap between science and philosophy.We present detailed predictions for the cosmic microwave background (CMB) (CMB) power spectrum, gravitational wave signatures, and large-scale structure formation, demonstrating how HTUM differs from the standard ΛCDM model. Our analysis reveals distinctive oscillatory patterns in the relative difference between HTUM and ΛCDM predictions, with deviations reaching up to ±20% at specific scales.The paper also explores the unification of fundamental forces within the HTUM framework, proposing novel approaches to particle physics and quantum field theory. It introduces the concept of unified mathematical operations, suggesting a more holistic approach to mathematical thinking that aligns with the model’s interconnected view of the universe.HTUM represents a significant new perspective in our understanding of the universe, inviting further research and exploration into the nature of reality, consciousness, and the fundamental structure of the cosmos. By providing a comprehensive framework that unifies various aspects of physics, cosmology, and consciousness studies, HTUM offers a promising path toward a more complete understanding of our universe.