jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Southwest Asia: The Transpacific Geographies of Chicana/o Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chicana/o literature is justly acclaimed for the ways it voices opposition to the dominant Anglo culture, speaking for communities ignored by mainstream American media. Yet the world depicted in these texts is not solely inhabited by Anglos and Chicanos; as this groundbreaking new book shows, Asian characters are cast in peripheral but nonetheless pivotal roles. Southwest Asia investigates why key Chicana/o writers, including Américo Paredes, Rolando Hinojosa, Oscar Acosta, Miguel Méndez, and Virginia Grise, from the 1950s to the present day, have persistently referenced Asian people and places in the course of articulating their political ideas. Jayson Gonzales Sae-Saue takes our conception of Chicana/o literature as a transnational movement in a new direction, showing that it is not only interested in North-South migrations within the Americas, but is also deeply engaged with East-West interactions across the Pacific. He also raises serious concerns about how these texts invariably marginalize their Asian characters, suggesting that darker legacies of imperialism and exclusion might lurk beneath their utopian visions of a Chicana/o nation. Southwest Asia provides a fresh take on the Chicana/o literary canon, analyzing how these writers have depicted everything from interracial romances to the wars Americans fought in Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. As it examines novels, plays, poems, and short stories, the book makes a compelling case that Chicana/o writers have long been at the forefront of theorizing U.S.–Asian relations
PiChu: Accelerating Block Broadcasting in Blockchain Networks with Pipelining and Chunking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Blockchain technologies have been rapidly enhanced in recent years. However, its scalability still has limitations in terms of throughput and broadcast delay as the network and the amount of transaction data increase. To improve scalability of blockchain networks, we propose a novel approach named PiChu that accelerates block propagation in blockchain networks by pipelining and verifying chunks of a block in parallel. Accelerating block propagation reduces the mining interval and chance of fork occurring, which in turn increases throughput. Our approach can be applied to the blockchain networks either directly or with a minor modification to the consensus. Through an extensive and large scale simulations, we validate that the proposed PiChu scheme significantly enhances the scalability of blockchain networks. For instance, a 64 MB block can be broadcasted in just 80 seconds in a blockchain network with a million nodes. The efficiency of PiChu broadcasting increases with bigger block sizes and a larger number of nodes in the network.
Secondary Metabolites from the Deep-Sea Derived Fungus Acaromyces ingoldii FS121

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Activity-guided isolation of the fermentation broth of the deep-sea derived fungus Acaromyces ingoldii FS121, which was obtained from the China South Sea, yielded a new naphtha-[2,3-b]pyrandione analogue, acaromycin A (1) and a new thiazole analogue, acaromyester A (2), as well as the known compound (+)-cryptosporin (3). Their structures, including absolute configurations, were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 1–3 were evaluated for in vitro growth inhibitory activities against four tumor cell lines (MCF-7, NCI-H460, SF-268 and HepG-2), wherein compounds 1 and 3 exhibited considerable growth inhibitory effects, with IC50 values less than 10 µM.
Robust heart rate estimation from mobile face videos using an auto‐encoder

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Providing an easy‐to‐use and non‐invasive heart rate estimation system for home healthcare is imperative for detecting health deterioration in the early stages and for providing preventive treatments. To this end, we propose a ballistocardiographic method that estimates heart rate by analysing face videos and exploiting cyclic head motions caused by blood pumping through the carotid arteries during heartbeats. The proposed method addresses hand motion artefacts that occur while tracking head motions on a mobile platform. This is achieved by training an auto‐encoder that retrieves a heart rate‐related signal by learning consistent and statistically dominant relationships between facial landmarks. Moreover, unlike conventional methods, where a feature point tracker was used to track the facial landmarks, we propose using region‐based tracking to increase tracking robustness in challenging lighting conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs best in challenging light conditions and can robustly manage hand motion artefacts on a mobile platform.
Understanding power in relation to voice and silence on patient safety among surgical professionals in Ghanaian teaching hospitals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Employee voice is essential in positive work outcomes and harm prevention. However, there is a dearth of research on how power influences voice and silence in organisations (e.g Morrison et al., 2015). This study aims at understanding the implication of upward and interdisciplinary power relationships on voice and silence among Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) on patient safety in surgery. Sixty-seven (67) interviews and policy documents were analysed from two teaching hospitals in Ghana. The study found that formal power inequality is often reinforced by sociocultural authority. This enables superiors to take unilateral decisions and disregard inputs of team members resulting in preventable harm as well as apathy and silence on patient safety. Likewise, authority gradient creates a psychological barrier in hierarchy and undermine voice at interpersonal and broad surgical levels. The unequal power relationships coupled with lack of organisational support exposes those who speak up to risk. Beyond these, military authority often reinforces power or overrides healthcare authority and undermine voice in the military hospital. In terms of interdisciplinary power relationships, doctors’ authority often undermines nurses’ voice and compel them to undertake perceived harmful practices. However, a sense of equal interdisciplinary power relationship between surgeons and anaesthesiologists give rise to power struggles that promote voice in their respective speciality but undermine voice across speciality. Finally, HCPs adopt ingenious voice strategies to avoid appearing offensive and enhance receptivity to voice. Although sociocultural values generally reinforce formal power and silence, these equally provide unique interpersonal access that occasionally permeates power barriers for effective voice. Findings imply the need to empower HCPs, especially nurses, and shift surgical responsibility from individuals such as surgeons to teams as a way of mitigating unequal power and promoting a sense of involvement to encourage voice. Surgery may also consider ‘transdisciplinary approach’ as a creative solution to interdisciplinary power challenges to voice. Further implications for management and practice are presented in the conclusion of the study.
SURVIVAL OF INFANTS BORN AT 23 WEEKS OF GESTATION IN A TERTIARY NEONATAL UNIT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BackgroundPremature birth is a significant worldwide problem and one of the main causes of mortality in early childhood. Despite advances in neonatal intensive care, the most extremely preterm infants born at 23 weeks of gestation still have very high mortality before discharge and high neurodevelopment morbidity in survivors. MethodsRetrospective study of neonates born between 23+0 and 23+6 weeks gestation admitted to NICU between June 2011 and February 2018 from birth until death or discharge from home. Infants were excluded if they had died in delivery suite prior to admission. Infants who died prior to discharge and infants that survived and discharged home were analysed as two individual groups. ResultsData of 54 infants were analyzed. Of these, 20 (37%) survived. There were no statistically significant differences in perinatal characteristics, management at birth between the two groups including timing of intubation, delaying cord clamping, maximum FiO2 or admission temperature. Significantly more babies with a GA < 23+3 weeks died (16/34 (47%) vs 5/20 (25%) of GA 23+4 to 23+6, p 0.01) despite no significant difference in management on NICU. Pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) was more frequent (31% vs 10%, p 0.01) in the group that died. There was no difference in extra-pulmonary outcomes.ConclusionOur single center analysis showed that being born before 23+3 is a major risk factor for mortality, despite available treatment. PPHN is a significant complication in this GA group.
Fiducial markers and spacers in prostate radiotherapy: current applications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To review the use of fiducial markers and spacers in prostate radiotherapy ( RT ). Materials and Methods We reviewed the literature on the use of fiducial markers to improve accuracy in delivery of RT for prostate cancer. We discuss the rationale for fiducials, the types available, the procedures and complications. We also reviewed the current literature on the novel use of spacers to reduce rectal toxicity during prostate irradiation. Results Prostate motion is a significant problem both during and between RT treatments. Intraprostatic fiducials allow accurate prostate localisation ensuring RT treatment accuracy. Insertion of gold fiducials are a cost‐effective marker that can be easily and quickly implanted and at least three fiducials are recommended. Severe complications from fiducial implantation are uncommon and marker migration is very rarely clinically significant. Spacers are a novel method to distance the rectum from the prostate during RT , reducing acute rectal toxicity, and have no detrimental impact on health‐related quality of life. Conclusions Intraprostatic fiducials are now standard of care when delivering prostate RT and early data shows benefit of spacers in reducing RT rectal toxicity.
Mesopotamia: The Invention of the City

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The invention of cities may well be the most enduring legacy of Mesopotamia. There was not just one but dozens of cities, each controlling its own rural and pastoral territory and its own system of irrigation. Historians have tended to highlight the emergence of centralized states which exercised control over often extensive territories, but the most successful socio-political unit to emerge in Mesopotamia remained the city state.

This book tells the stories of ten Mesopotamian cities in a way that will do justice to this urban paradigm. The individual stories are heterogeneous, reflecting the often contradictory thought and conclusions of the archaeologists who interpret the physical evidence of sites, of the epigraphists and Assyriologists who have copied and translated the cuneiform tablets, of the historians, geologists and anthropologists who have considered the findings. Most importantly, each city tells its own story through its discovery and a gradual understanding of its historical development set beside how the Mesopotamians themselves wrote about it, what it was known for and which gods resided in its temples.

The collection of narratives concerning Mesopotamian cities runs in roughly chronological sequence from fifth millennium Eridu to Babylon, which lasted into the first few centuries of the Christian era. Each city has a place in a reality that has been reduced to an archaeological site in Iraq, more or less robbed of its secrets, more or less buried under sand dunes. Each site has variously yielded its riches, but sheer accident has determined what has been found. What has been made of these tangible bits and pieces is subjected to trends in intellectual fashion and the need to revise interpretations in the light of new findings and new ideas.

This book has been translated into five languages: Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Czech, Hungarian.
Morphological plasticity in fungi.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fungi grow for the most part as hyphae extending at their tips. Hyphae aggregate into mycelia, the form of which is dependent on many factors but often on the density of tips which is a function of such factors as the degree of hyphal branching, anastomoses and tip and hyphal death. Some possible mechanisms behind these processes are considered. A particularly important element in tip growth and branching is the movement of protons across the plasma membrane. Certain rhythmic growth phenomena are discussed in these terms. Another important element in morphological development is water flow bringing about a redistribution of solutes within a mycelium and probably influencing wall hydration and wall extensibility. Finally, special consideration is given to development of basidiomycete vegetative mycelium where there are indications that cytoplasmic factors can modulate the expressions of the nuclear genome.
Nutrient Availability and Changes on Chemical Attributes of a Paleudult Soil Amended with Liquid Sewage Sludge and Cropped with Surinam Grass

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The liquid sewage sludge (LSS) was applied on a field experiment during four years at successive applications to evaluate the changes in soil attributes and on Surinam grass ( Brachiaria decumbens ) uptake of nutrients. A randomized blocks experimental design, with two treatments (with and without LSS) and three repetitions, was used. Land application of LSS did not alter soil organic matter and exchangeable K until 40 cm depth. However, it increased soil pH, base saturation, labile P, and available Zn and did not change the concentrations of available B (hot water) and Cu, Fe, and Mn (DTPA) at 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm depths and LSS was a source of N, K, P, Ca, Mg, and Zn for the grass, but decreased leaf Mn concentration.
Table_7_The Fusarium graminearum Histone Acetyltransferases Are Important for Morphogenesis, DON Biosynthesis, and Pathogenicity.XLSX

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Post-translational modifications of chromatin structure by histone acetyltransferase (HATs) play a central role in the regulation of gene expression and various biological processes in eukaryotes. Although HAT genes have been studied in many fungi, few of them have been functionally characterized. In this study, we identified and characterized four putative HATs (FgGCN5, FgRTT109, FgSAS2, FgSAS3) in the plant pathogenic ascomycete Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley. We replaced the genes and all mutant strains showed reduced growth of F. graminearum. The ΔFgSAS3 and ΔFgGCN5 mutant increased sensitivity to oxidative and osmotic stresses. Additionally, ΔFgSAS3 showed reduced conidia sporulation and perithecium formation. Mutant ΔFgGCN5 was unable to generate any conidia and lost its ability to form perithecia. Our data showed also that FgSAS3 and FgGCN5 are pathogenicity factors required for infecting wheat heads as well as tomato fruits. Importantly, almost no Deoxynivalenol (DON) was produced either in ΔFgSAS3 or ΔFgGCN5 mutants, which was consistent with a significant downregulation of TRI genes expression. Furthermore, we discovered for the first time that FgSAS3 is indispensable for the acetylation of histone site H3K4, while FgGCN5 is essential for the acetylation of H3K9, H3K18, and H3K27. H3K14 can be completely acetylated when FgSAS3 and FgGCN5 were both present. The RNA-seq analyses of the two mutant strains provide insight into their functions in development and metabolism. Results from this study clarify the functional divergence of HATs in F. graminearum, and may provide novel targeted strategies to control secondary metabolite expression and infections of F. graminearum.</p>
Broadened Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in dirty superconducting films and heterostructures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The interplay of a potential and magnetic disorder in superconductors has remained an active field of research for decades. Within the framework of the Usadel equation, we study the local density of states (LDOS) near a solitary classical magnetic impurity in a dirty superconducting film. We find that a potential disorder results in broadening of the δ-function peak in the LDOS at the Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) energy. This broadening is proportional to the square root of a normal-state spreading resistance of the film. We demonstrate that modification of multiple scattering on the magnetic impurity due to intermediate scattering on surrounding potential disorder crucially affects a profile of the LDOS in the vicinity of the YSR energy. In addition, we find that a scanning-tunneling-microscopy tip can mask a YSR feature in the LDOS. Also, we study the LDOS near a chain of magnetic impurities situated in the normal region of a dirty superconductor/normal-metal junction. We find a resonance in the LDOS near the YSR energy. The energy scale of the resonant peak is controlled by the square root of the film resistance per square in the normal state.
Antimicrobial use at a multi-disciplinary hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During the analyzed periods we observed some improvement in the sensitivity of the main pathogens to antibiotics. At the same time, the resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones increased.Limitations of the studyThere are many other than antibiotic use factors, which influence these results. Further analysis is planned to be carried out. Nevertheless, this analysis makes us believe that we are, probably, on the right path for improving the use of antibacterial drugs.
Study and Comparison The Performance of Sensorless Control of PMSM Drive System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Field oriented control space vector pulse width modulation (FOC- SVPWM) is one of the effective and modern methods for speed control of Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). A mathematical model and theoretical analysis of (FOC-SVPWM) driven a PMSM are presented .In this work, a control methods for PMSM using Model reference adaptive system (MRAS) are utilized to compare the performance behavior under conventional PI, Fuzzy PI, and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) control methods. Extensive simulation results are presented using MATLAB/SIMULINK program which including (SVPWM generation, inverter, PMSM, the reference frame transformation and different PI controllers) as well as the estimation method using MRAS. This work presents a comparative study to investigate the performance of PMSM based on MRAS when different load conditions are applied to PMSM and under three different controllers: the first controller is the Proportional-Integral (PI) based on classical trial and error method, the second controller is PI controller based on PSO technique for optimal gains tuning and thus improve the performance of the system. The obtained results show that an improvement in motor performance when using PI-PSO compared to classical PI controller. The third controller is Fuzzy-PI with scaling factor (gains) tuned by PSO technique. This method can improve the performance of the system compared with PI-PSO in terms of reducing steady state error, rising time, overshoot and smoother response to make this controller more robust to variation in load other than the rest motor controllers.
Forensic Exchange Analysis of Contact Artifacts on Data Hiding Timestamps

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

When computer systems are increasingly important for our daily activities, cybercrime has created challenges for the criminal justice system. Data can be hidden in ADS (Alternate Data Stream) without hindering performance. This feature has been exploited by malware authors, criminals, terrorists, and intelligence agents to erase, tamper, or conceal secrets. However, ADS problems are much ignored in digital forensics. Rare researches illustrated the contact artifacts of ADS timestamps. This paper performs a sequence of experiments from an inherited variety and provides an in-depth overview of timestamp transfer on data hiding operations. It utilizes files or folders as original media and uses the timestamp rules as an investigative approach for the forensic exchange analysis of file sets. This paper also explores timestamp rules using case examples, which allow practical applications of crime scene reconstruction to real-world contexts. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of temporal attributes, help digital forensic practitioners to uncover hidden relations, and trace the contact artifacts among crime scenes, victims, and suspects/criminals.
Goodness-of-Fit Tests for Log-Linear Models in Sparse Contingency Tables

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The asymptotic normality of the likelihood ratio goodness-of-fit statistic is demonstrated for testing the fit of log-linear models with closed form maximum likelihood estimates in sparse contingency tables. Unlike the traditional chi-squared theory, the number of categories in the table increases as the sample size increases, but not all of the expected frequencies are required to become large. Some results of a small Monte Carlo study are presented. The traditional chi-squared approximation is reasonably accurate for the Pearson statistic for many sparse tables, but cases are presented for which it fails. The normal approximation can be much more accurate than the chi-squared approximation for the likelihood ratio statistic, but the bias of estimated moments is a potential problem for very sparse tables. Key Words: Asymptotic normalityChi-squared testsMaximum likelihood estimationMultinomial distribution
The absolute configuration of an intermediate cyclic sulfoximine in the asymmetric synthesis of transition-state analog inhibitors of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The crystal structure of a cyclic sulfoximine, 2-amino-4-(4-ethyl-1,3-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2-thiazol-1-yl)butanoic acid, C 9 H 16 N 2 O 4 S, was determined to ascertain its stereochemistry. The absolute configuration of the chiral S atom was S on the basis of the (S)-α-carbon derived from the synthetic precursor, L-homocysteine.