jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quantum Entanglement and Measurement Noise: A Novel Approach to Satellite Node Authentication

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we introduce a novel authentication scheme for satellite nodes based on quantum entanglement and measurement noise profiles. Our approach leverages the unique noise characteristics exhibited by each satellite's quantum optical communication system to create a distinctive "quantum noise fingerprint." This fingerprint is used for node authentication within a satellite constellation, offering a quantum-safe alternative to traditional cryptographic methods. The proposed scheme consists of a training phase, where each satellite engages in a training exercise with its neighbors to compile noise profiles, and an online authentication phase, where these profiles are used for real-time authentication. Our method addresses the inherent challenges of implementing cryptographic-based schemes in space, such as key management and distribution, by exploiting the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics and the unavoidable imperfections in quantum systems. This approach enhances the security and reliability of satellite communication networks, providing a robust solution to the authentication challenges in satellite constellations. We validated and tested several hypotheses for this approach using IBM System One quantum computers.
A Comprehensive Review and Comparison of Image Super-resolution Techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image super-resolution (SR) is a pivotal task in computer vision and image processing, aiming to enhance the resolution and quality of low-resolution images. This review article provides an in-depth analysis and comparison of various image super-resolution techniques, including traditional methods and deep learning-based approaches. We discuss the underlying principles, algorithms, advantages, and limitations of each technique, along with their applications across diverse domains. Additionally, we highlight recent advancements, challenges, and future research directions in the field of image super-resolution.
The Extent to which Islamic Banking Transactions Are Compatible with the Rules of Islamic Economics مدى توافق معاملات البنوك الإسلامية مع قواعد الاقتصاد الإسلامي

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

According to existing literature in Islamic economics the implantation of the idea of Islamic banks emerged in the Egyptian countryside in 1963. Thereafter, this kind of institutions have spread all over the world to reach more than 700 banks operating in 60 countries with 38 million customers around the world with total assets of up to $2 trillion according to latest reports. However, the practices of these institutions have given rise to a very critical question: Are the existing Islamic banks practicing their transactions according to Islamic Shari'ah in substance rather than the forum? The objective of this study is to develop a specialized technical criterion to assess the extent to which Islamic banks adhere to the rules of the Islamic economics. Thus, the technical criterion was designed and then applied to a sample of Islamic banks in the Arab world. The study found that the percentage of banks that comply with the rules of the Islamic economics ranges between 29% and 90% of the Shari'ah standards. Therefore, the study recommends applying this test of Shari'ah standards on a regular basis to all Islamic banks to notify the Shari'ah boards of these banks with the results of the test, thus, paving the way for greater transparency of the customers of these banks. تشير أدبيات التمويل الإسلامي إلى أن أول تطبيق لفكرة مصارف إسلامية تمت في الريف المصري في العام 1963م ثم انطلقت إلى العالم لتصل إلى أكثر من 700 بنك تعمل في أكثر 60 دولة. مع هذا الانتشار الكبير يثار تساؤل جوهري وهو: هل البنوك الإسلامية الموجودة على الساحة تمارس معاملاتها وفقًا للشريعة الإسلامية حقيقةً لا صورة؟ تهدف الدراسة إلى بناء معيار فني متخصص لتقييم ومعرفة مدى التزام البنوك الإسلامية بقواعد الاقتصاد الإسلامي أثناء قيامها بالعمليات المصرفية. ومن ثم تم تصميم معيار فني تم تطبيقه على عينة من البنوك الإسلامية في الوطن العربي. توصلت الدراسة إلى أن نسبة اتفاق البنوك محل الدراسة مع قواعد الاقتصاد الإسلامي تتراوح ما بين (29?) و(90?) من المعايير الشرعية وهو ما يكاد يخرج بعض البنوك عن هويتها الإسلامية، ولهذا توصى الدراسة بإجراء اختبار معيار الشرعية على كل البنوك الإسلامية بصفة دورية مع إخطار الهيئة الشرعية للبنك بالنتائج بما يتيح قدرًا أكبر من الشفافية لعملاء هذه المصارف.
Additional file 1 of Dihydromyricetin ameliorated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by regulating the composition of serous lipids, bile acids and ileal microflora

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primer sequences used for RT-qPCR of the tested genes and RT-qPCR reaction conditions. Table S2. The serum bile acids levels (n=7).
The Distribution of Dryopteris spinulosa and Its Relatives in Eastern Canada

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There are some excellent distribution maps of vascular plants from Quebec and Labrador in Rousseau (1974).However, his map for Dryopteris spinulosa (O.F.Muell.) Watt actually groups data for all the species of Dryopteris which have been referred to as the D. spinulosa complex, much as Boivin (1966) did when considering D. austriaca (Jacq.)Woynar.This conceals the interesting geographic patterns found in eastern North America, where there are three northern limits in Quebec and Labrador and one southern limit.Biosystematists (Wagner, 1971;Wherry, 1961) recognize two diploid species and two tetraploid species in this complex.The diploids are D. intermedia (Muhl.) A. Gray and D. assimilis S. Walker (which also has been called diploid D. dilatata or diploid D. spinulosa var.americana).The tetraploids are D. spinulosa (O.F. Muell.)Watt (sometimes called D. carthusiana (Villar) H. P. Fuchs) and D. campyloptera Clarkson.After determining that the northern Clay Belt plants near Amos were in fact diploid and not tetraploid D. campyloptera as expected (Britton, 1967), I decided in the tradition of Wherry to attempt to delineate the ranges of the D. spinulosa complex species in Quebec, and more specifically to see if the ranges of the diploid D. assimilis and the tetraploid D. campyloptera overlapped.For studies of
MAJOR REVISIONS TO DOJ POLICY FOR CORPORATE PROSECUTIONS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit upheld the dismissal of all charges against thirteen former partners and employees of KPMG based upon a holding that the government had violated the defendants’ Sixth Amendment rights by pressuring KPMG to cut off payment of their legal fees, United States v. Stein, No. 07-3042 (2d Cir. Aug. 28, 2008), Deputy Attorney General Mark Filip announced a major revision in the Department of Justice’s guidelines governing the evaluation of corporate conduct in the course of criminal investigations. Reacting to sharp judicial criticism and the threat of federal legislation to restrain federal prosecutors, these new changes to the Principles of Federal Prosecution of Business Organizations (PFPBO) mark the most significant shift in federal policy governing the prosecution of business organizations since the guidelines were first promulgated nearly a decade ago.
Review of: "Hepatoprotective Effect of the Ursolic Acid-Oleanolic Acid Mixture Administered Intragastrically in Mice with Liver Damage Induced by Anti-TB Drugs"

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Potential competing interests: No potential competing interests to declare.The presented content appeared to be highly comprehensive and well-structured, providing details concerning the work.However, here are a few suggestions for improvement:1. Determine whether consistent formatting is required, particularly in the usage of line breaks and spacing.Double-check punctuation, especially in longer sentences, to ensure correctness and clarity.2. On the preliminary has not been disclosed related weight, until in line with the conclusion 3.In vivo assay, has not been mentioned how long the induction with RIF/INH/PZA mixture (10:10:30 mg/kg) dissolved in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) at 0.5 % in isotonic saline solution (ISS) is performed?4. The figure should be added with information on which tissues conduct hematopoiesis.Hepatic microabscesses, lymphoid infiltration, centrilobular steatosis, and hydropic degeneration are all possible diagnoses.Arrows can be used to indicate these sections.
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Major geopolitical changes since the late 1980s, as well as growing international migration and increasing emphasis on selective migration policies, have contributed to reshaping significantly immigrant populations in the OECD countries over the two last decades. In the near future, increasing demographic imbalances between developed and developing countries may contribute to exacerbating on-going migration patterns. Despite these changes and the heightened policy interest in international migration, the quality and comparability of international data on the phenomenon have scarcely kept pace. ----- Les changements géopolitiques majeurs de la fin des années 80, ainsi que l'accroissement des migrations internationales et l'accent mis sur les politiques d'immigration sélectives ont contribué, au cours des deux dernières décennies, à changer de manière significative la structure des populations immigrées dans les pays de l'OCDE. À court terme, les déséquilibres démographiques croissants entre les pays développés et les pays en développement vont probablement contribuer à renforcer les déterminants actuels des migrations. En dépit de ces changements et de l'intérêt accru pour les migrations internationales dans la sphère politique, la qualité et la comparabilité des données internationales concernant ce phénomène n'ont pas suivi ces évolutions.
Human capital reporting: Should it be industry specific?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Boards are exploring ways to report the value of intangible assets to investors. This paper explores human capital reporting and notes human capital is not reported within or between industry sectors in a standardised way. As a further development in a suite of models, we propose a framework, the Star Model, as a step in the standardisation of interpreting and reporting on human capital to investors. In developing this model, the authors question whether human capital reports should be industry specific, given that the human capital drivers of value vary across industry groups. For the knowledge-intensive biotechnology industry in particular, there may be a case for parallel forms of news flow from Boards to markets: technical news, financial news and human capital news. We conclude that more empirical research into human capital analysis and reporting in other industry sectors will be needed.
Oppertnuistic channel selection in herterogeneous cognitive radio network using priority queue scheduling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Cognitive Radio (CR) is an emerging technology for modern wireless communication system that offers a great solution to scarcity of radio spectrum. The Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is an intelligent wireless communication organization that is aware of its environment. Here, heterogeneous nodes meet spectrum sensing challenges due to the variation of transmission power, spectrum allocation and sensing bandwidth of the channel. The two main tasks in CRN are primary channel sensing and selection of appropriate unused channel for communication by secondary users. In this paper we present an idea to formulate a contention based channel selection algorithm using priority queue scheduling algorithm. In CRN secondary users play the important role of channel selection. This algorithm will avoid collision during data transmission between heterogeneous nodes and improve the entire network throughput. The proposed algorithm provides 26% more efficient using NS-2 simulation.
Evolution of Generative AI for Business Decision-Making: A Case of ChatGPT

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This work presents a comparative analysis between the responses generated by ChatGPT 3.5 (January 2023 version) and ChatGPT 4 (January 2024 version) in response to a set of questions about business. It serves as an update to the previously published work titled "Generative AI for Business Decision-Making: A Case Study with ChatGPT" by the authors, which utilized ChatGPT 3.5 in January 2023. The same methodology and questions from the previous work were applied, but this time using ChatGPT 4 in its January 2024 version. This approach allows us to offer insights into the evolution of the ChatGPT tool for business decision-making. Therefore, this work can be seen as a continuation of the previous work by the authors and will also serve as a basis for future comparative studies. The responses generated by ChatGPT 4 proved to be more detailed and organized compared to those generated by ChatGPT 3.5. However, in some questions, ChatGPT 3.5 provided answers regarding certain possibilities that were not emphasized in ChatGPT 4. Furthermore, ChatGPT 4's responses contained more up-to-date content. In all the cases analyzed, ChatGPT 4 remained an asset in the decision-making process, providing a comprehensive overview of the topics. However, it's essential to emphasize that ChatGPT 4 does not substitute for a business decision-making expert.
Magnetic sensors for contactless and non‐intrusive measurement of current in AC power systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper reports the results of an investigation into the use of magnetic sensors for measuring AC currents and subsequently, estimating AC current phasors in low‐ and medium voltage AC power systems. Tunnelling magnetoresistive (TMR) sensor of high sensitivity and a wide range was used for the magnetic field measurement around AC conductor. The sensor was calibrated to overcome the inequality in the sensed magnetic field due to various aspects such as the distance from the source, minute structural variations, the magnitude of the source current, and presence of harmonics. Performance was tested for accuracy at lower frequencies such as 1, 2, 5 and 10 Hz as well as at higher frequencies such as 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th harmonics of the fundamental frequency. The percentage total vector error (TVE) was calculated for current phasors with input current magnitudes varying from 5 to 1500 A of various frequencies and was compared with the actual current as well as with the outputs of a high accuracy conventional core‐wound donut type current transformer (CT). The measurement accuracy corresponding to magnitude, phase and TVE during laboratory and field applications validated the suitability of TMR sensor for contactless and non‐invasive AC current measurement.
Relationship between Maternal and Perinatal Outcome with High Vaginal Swab Culture: A Cross-sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Most of the pregnancies progress normally but unfortunately, few are prone to developing complications. Some antenatal and intra-partum conditions place the mother and the developing foetus or both at risk for complications and infections which undoubtedly play a major role in the same. Vaginal microbiome composition changes during pregnancy. This change is believed to inhibit pathogen growth through secretion of bacteriocins such as lactic acid that maintain acidic pH. Disturbed vaginal environment is associated with complications of pregnancy. Aim: To find the relationship between the microbiological study of High Vaginal Swab (HVS) in pregnancy at term with the maternal and foetal outcome. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 women who underwent vaginal swab culture during routine prenatal check-up from July 2019 to January 2020, in a hospital in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.The maternal and perinatal outcome and their relation with microbiological study of HVS were studied. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.5. Chi-square test was used for comparison of data for statistical significance. For descriptive statistics percentage, mean and Standard Deviation (SD) was calculated. Results:E.coli (18%) was the most common organism isolated from HVS cultures in this study. Maternal complications, rate of Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS), low APGAR scores (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration), need for neonatal resuscitation and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission were more in the culture positive group. Conclusion: The study suggests that the abnormal vaginal microbiota is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. HVS cultures are simple and non-invasive screening tool which should be used as a routine procedure in all antenatal patients for preventing complications and improving the foeto-maternal outcome.
Man, Beast, Dust: The Story of Rodeo

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ever since the early cowboys cut a swath through the open range and the bawdy cow towns, rodeo has been part of the American scene. Today it has a huge following. Alive with color, movement, and sharp observation, Man, Beast, Dust tells the story of rodeo from its beginnings. Clifford P. Westermeier takes us along the dusty trails traveled by cowhands of only yesterday - to Cheyenne, Pecos City, Prescott, Lander, and Miles City. We attend two-bit, one-day shows and the fabulous arena contests of the cities. We rodeo with the champions across America as well as with those in Canada, England, South America, and Australia. Clifford P. Westermeier (1910-87) was a noted historian and painter of the West. Bill Crawford is a former editor of Prorodeo Sports News, the official publication of the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association. Kristine Fredriksson is a rodeo authority, who traces the developments on the rodeo scene and books on the subject from 1945 to 1986.
Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of the food seasoning curry leaves Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (Rutaceae)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (Rutaceae), a common spice, has been traditionally used to reduce inflammation and hepatitis. The present study aimed to reveal the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity as well as the regulation of cytochrome P450 levels elicited by aqueous extracts of M. koenigii leaves in response to paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in BALB/c mice. Liver toxicity was induced by an overdose of paracetamol followed by treatment with a M. koenigii leaf aqueous extract. The levels of serum liver markers, liver antioxidants, inflammatory markers and liver cytochrome P450 2E1 were quantified after 14 days of treatment. Histopathological analysis of the liver was also carried out. In vitro antioxidant levels and phenolic acid characterization were also performed. The extracts (50 and 200 mg kg-1 body weight) effectively restored the serum liver profiles (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase), liver antioxidant levels (superoxide dismutase, glutathione and ferric reducing ability of plasma) and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and nitric oxide) to healthy levels in a dosage dependent manner. The level of liver cytochrome P450 2E1 was also lowered in the extract treated groups. Histopathological assessment showed that treatment with 200 mg kg-1 of the M. koenigii aqueous extract was able to reduce liver necrosis in mice fed paracetamol. Gallic acid concentration was the highest among all the phenolic acids detected in the extract. These results suggested that the M. koenigii aqueous extract, which possessed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, can be used as a potential treatment for liver diseases caused by oxidative stress.
Generalized-ensemble molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo algorithms beyond the limit of the multicanonical algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

I review two new generalized-ensemble algorithms for molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations of biomolecules, that is, the multibaric–multithermal algorithm and the partial multicanonical algorithm. In the multibaric–multithermal algorithm, two-dimensional random walks not only in the potential-energy space but also in the volume space are realized. One can discuss the temperature dependence and pressure dependence of biomolecules with this algorithm. The partial multicanonical simulation samples a wide range of only an important part of potential energy, so that one can concentrate the effort to determine a multicanonical weight factor only on the important energy terms. This algorithm has higher sampling efficiency than the multicanonical and canonical algorithms.
Effect of partial plant resistance in brassicas on tolerance of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella)larvae to cypermethrin

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Brassica cultivars with varying degrees of partial plant resistance were fed to larvae (up to 4th instar) of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, and were bioassayed by topical application of cypermethrin to investigate the interaction of plant resistance with insecticide. Larvae reared on the least preferred brassica, Minicole, showed a significantly higher LD50 value than those on the most preferred brassica, Chinese cabbage. Bioassay of 4th instar DBM larvae fed on artificial diet containing pure compounds of glucosinolates revealed a negative interaction between their susceptibility to cypermethin and certain glucosinolates (in particular sinigrin), suggesting that such compounds induced the production of insecticide-detoxifying enzymes.
The essential role of costimulatory molecules in systemic lupus erythematosus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease with immune system disorder mediated through complex autoimmune pathways that involve immune cells, nonimmune cells, cytokines, chemokines, as well as costimulatory molecules. Costimulatory signals play a critical role in initiating, maintaining and regulating immune reactions, and these include ligands and receptors and their interactions involving multiple types of signal information. Dysfunction of costimulatory factors results in complicated abnormal immune responses, with biological effects and eventually, clinical autoimmune diseases. Here we outline what is known about various roles that costimulatory families including the B7 family and tumor necrosis factor super family play in SLE. The aim of this review is to understand the possible association of costimulation with autoimmune diseases, especially SLE, and to explore possible therapeutic target(s) of costimulatory molecules and pathways that might be used to develop therapeutic approaches for patients with these conditions.