jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Efficient catalysis of a redox reaction by an artificial enzyme

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient catalysis of a redox reaction by an artificial enzymeHongping Ye, Weida Tong, and Valerian T. D'SouzaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 13, 5470–5472Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00039a094https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00039a094research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
EQUITY PARTICIPATION LEVEL OF MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES IN CROSS-BORDER MERGER AND ACQUISITIONS: A STUDY IN TURKEY CONTEXT

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study tries to examine how industry and institutional environment differences in cross-border merger and acquisitions affect equity participation level of multinational enterprises in an emerging market. We have based our research model and hypotheses on transaction cost based and institution-based view. Since industry and institutional environment differences cause risk and uncertainty to MNEs which lead higher transaction costs for these firms, these two theoretical approaches would be still relevant to understand MNEs' strategic behavior in emerging market contexts. Our findings support the positive influence of industry relatedness on ownership participation but we cannot find support for the moderating influence of both formal and informal institutions on the relationship between industry relatedness and equity participation level. Consequently, our study has shown that transaction cost-based view is still relevant for MNEs' foreign investment decisions in emerging markets and despite institutional voids perspective, formal and informal institutions could not hinder MNEs to take risk in strategic choices.
Involvement of theEscherichia coliO157:H7(pO157)ecfOperon and Lipid A Myristoyl Transferase Activity in Bacterial Survival in the Bovine Gastrointestinal Tract and Bacterial Persistence in Farm Water Troughs

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important food-borne pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans. Recently, we reported that the pO157 ecf ( E. coli attaching and effacing gene-positive conserved fragments) operon is thermoregulated by an intrinsically curved DNA and contains the genes for bacterial surface-associated proteins, including a second copy of lipid A myristoyl transferase, whose chromosomal copy is the lpxM gene product. E. coli O157:H7 survives and persists well in diverse environments from the human and bovine gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) to nutrient-dilute farm water troughs. Transcriptional regulation of the ecf operon by intrinsic DNA curvature and the genetic redundancy of lpxM that is associated with lipid A modification led us to hypothesize that the pO157 ecf operon and lpxM are associated with bacterial survival and persistence in various in vivo and ex vivo environments by optimizing bacterial membrane structure and/or integrity. To test this hypothesis, three isogenic ecf operon and/or lpxM deletion mutants of E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 43894 were constructed and analyzed in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that a double mutant carrying deletions in the ecf and lpxM genes had an altered lipid A structure and membrane fatty acid composition, did not survive passage through the bovine GIT, did not persist well in farm water troughs, had increased susceptibility to a broad spectrum of antibiotics and detergents, and had impaired motility. Electron microscopic analyses showed gross changes in bacterial membrane structure.
Obesity Pathogenesis: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Obesity is among the most common and costly chronic disorders worldwide. Estimates suggest that in the United States obesity affects one-third of adults, accounts for up to one-third of total mortality, is concentrated among lower income groups, and increasingly affects children as well as adults. A lack of effective options for long-term weight reduction magnifies the enormity of this problem; individuals who successfully complete behavioral and dietary weight-loss programs eventually regain most of the lost weight. We included evidence from basic science, clinical, and epidemiological literature to assess current knowledge regarding mechanisms underlying excess body-fat accumulation, the biological defense of excess fat mass, and the tendency for lost weight to be regained. A major area of emphasis is the science of energy homeostasis, the biological process that maintains weight stability by actively matching energy intake to energy expenditure over time. Growing evidence suggests that obesity is a disorder of the energy homeostasis system, rather than simply arising from the passive accumulation of excess weight. We need to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this "upward setting" or "resetting" of the defended level of body-fat mass, whether inherited or acquired. The ongoing study of how genetic, developmental, and environmental forces affect the energy homeostasis system will help us better understand these mechanisms and are therefore a major focus of this statement. The scientific goal is to elucidate obesity pathogenesis so as to better inform treatment, public policy, advocacy, and awareness of obesity in ways that ultimately diminish its public health and economic consequences.
Short‐term vs long‐term dual antiplatelet therapy after drug‐eluting stent implantation in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Compared with long-term DAPT, short-term DAPT did not increase the risk of ischemic complications but did reduce the risks of major bleeding and any bleeding by over 25%. This study showed that short-term DAPT could be considered for most patients after DES implantation.
Evaluation of bone metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2021 / C-15826 / Evaluation of bone metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinoma by: M. L. Gil , M. Kohan, R. E. Robles, M. B. La Via, E. L. DELREIU, M. Benitez Daporta; Buenos Aires/AR
The Effect of Sustainability on Retail Values, Rents, and Investment Performance: European Evidence

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper is the first to focus on the effects of sustainability on the investment performance of a European retail portfolio comprising 128 properties in the Netherlands and extends the existing range of studies on the office and residential sectors in the United States. As the data sample is an existing fund portfolio, all attributes of the properties are known. Environmental sustainability is measured by the Dutch energy label, which compares with ENERGY STAR in the U.S. Through OLS regressions, we examine whether a sustainability premium exists. We find that green retail properties have a significantly higher income return of 0.52%, while, counterintuitively, non-green retail properties appear to have significantly higher rents and values. After controlling for various factors, however, the sustainability effects become insignificant. This contradicts some of the findings in the office and residential sectors. We attribute this to the importance of traditional retail location theory factors, which continue to dominate returns.
Integration of Deep Boltzmann Machine and Generalized Radial Basis Function Network for Photovoltaic Generation Output Forecasting

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, an efficient method is proposed to deal with photovoltaic generation output forecasting with Deep Boltzmann Machine. In recent years, the penetration of photovoltaic generation has been widely spread in the world due to clean energy. However, it has brought about uncertainties for generation schedules in a way that power system operators have to consider the significant variations of generation output. As a result, the forecasting model of the generation output with high accuracy is required in the industries. This paper proposes a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model that integrates Deep Boltzmann Machine with Generalized Radial Basis Function Network (GRBFN) of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The proposed model is tested for real data of photovoltaic generation output.
Magnetic Contrast in the Scanning Electron Microscope

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An analysis of secondary electron magnetic contrast is presented. The analysis is based upon a simple cylindrically symmetric model for the fringing fields of materials. It is carried to the point of predicting ``optimum'' secondary electron collection and describes two quantitative field measurement techniques. An analyzer was constructed for observing magnetic contrast in the SEM. It performs both a secondary electron energy discrimination function and a spatial aperturing function using diametrically opposing apertures. This type of analyzer has a potential signal-to-noise ratio about half that of ``optimum'' electron collection. Observations are made in this analyzer of various magnetic materials. Pictorial, semiquantitative, and quantitative results are described. Good field measurement correlations exist between the two techniques described and also between them and the ``expected'' values.
Contesting the Classroom: Reimagining Education in Moroccan and Algerian Literatures

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

<i>Contesting the Classroom</i> is the first scholarly work to analyze both how Algerian and Moroccan novels depict the postcolonial classroom, and how postcolonial literatures are taught in Morocco and Algeria. Drawing on a corpus of contemporary novels in French and Arabic, it shows that authors imagined the fictional classroom as a pluralistic and inclusive space, often at odds with the narrow nationalist vision of postcolonial identity. Yet when authors wrote <i>about</i> the school, they also had to consider whether their work would be taught <i>in</i> schools. As this book's original research on the teaching of literature shows, Moroccan and Algerian schools have largely failed to promote the works of local authors in public school curricula. This situation has dramatically altered literary portraits of education: novels marginalized in the public education system must creatively reimagine what pedagogy looks like and where it can take place. In illuminating a literary corpus neglected by political scientists and sociologists, <i>Contesting the Classroom</i> shows that novels about the school are an important source of counter-narrative about education and national identity. At the same time, by demonstrating how education has influenced writing styles, this work reframes the classroom as a necessary cultural context for scholars of postcolonial literature
Organizational Boundaries, Transfer Prices and Export Prices of International Firms-Theories and Firm-Level Evidence

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The first chapter is entitled "Do Taxes Influence the Organizational Boundaries of International Firms? An Income-Shifting Channel through Transfer Pricing." Firms importing intermediate goods choose between outsourcing and vertical integration. When corporate tax rates differ between the home country and the foreign country, the possibility of shifting income and reducing overall tax payments through transfer pricing makes integration more attractive than outsourcing. This paper develops an incomplete-contracting model in which an international firm chooses whether to internalize intermediate transactions, and if so, how much responsibility to delegate from the home headquarters to the foreign affiliate in order to establish the optimal tax-oriented transfer price. Empirical evidence verifies some of the observable predictions from the theory: larger cross-country differences in corporate tax rates, higher product intangibility, higher firm productivity and lower trade costs lead to a higher probability of integration as well as a larger percentage difference between the transfer price and the arm's-length price. The second chapter "Export Prices of U.S. Firms" is joint work with James Harrigan and Victor Shlychkov. Using transaction-level export data from the U.S. Linked Firm Trade Transaction Database in 2002, this paper is the first to employ U.S. firmlevel data to show that exporting firms charge prices for narrowly defined goods that differ substantially with the characteristics of firms and export markets. We control for selection into export markets using a three-stage estimator and establish three ii main facts. First, and most novel, highly productive and skill-intensive firms charge higher prices, while capital-intensive firms charge lower prices. Second, the very large correlation between distance and export prices found in previous research is largely due to a composition effect. Third, U.S. firms charge slightly higher prices to larger and richer markets, and substantially higher prices to markets other than Canada and Mexico. Note: Abstract extracted from PDF text
Similarity solution for the magnetogasdynamic shock wave in a self-gravitating and rotating ideal gas under the influence of radiation heat flux

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Lie invariance method is used to analyze the one-dimensional, unsteady flow of a cylindrical shock wave in a rotating, self-gravitating, radiating ideal gas under the influence of an axial or azimuthal magnetic field, with an emphasis on adiabatic conditions. The analysis assumes a stationary environment just ahead of the shock wave and considers variations in fluid velocity, magnetic field, and density within the perturbed medium just behind the shock front. In the governing equations, the impact of thermal radiation under an optically thin limit is integrated into the energy equation. Utilizing the Lie invariance method, the set of partial differential equations governing the flow in this medium is transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity variables. Two distinct cases of similarity solutions are obtained by selecting different values for the arbitrary constants associated with the generators. Among these cases, one yields similarity solutions assuming a power-law shock path and the other an exponential-law shock path. For both cases, the resulting set of nonlinear ODEs are numerically solved using the 4th-order Runge–Kutta method in MATLAB software. The article thoroughly explores the influence of various parameters, including γ (adiabatic index of the gas), Ma−2 (Alfvén–Mach number), σ (ambient density exponent), l1 (rotational parameter), and G0 (gravitational parameter) on the flow properties. The findings are visually presented to offer a comprehensive insight into the effects of these parameters.
Incident investigation of an explosion at a styrene plant

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract On June 11, 2003, an explosion occurred in the natural gas‐fired ethyl benzene reboiler at a styrene plant in Bayport, Texas. The incident occurred while the air damper and registers were being adjusted to stabilize the flame and the excess oxygen content of the stack discharge. Following the rupture of the heater housing, fire erupted in the radiant section and the inlet header. The fire burned for three‐and‐one‐half hours as ethyl benzene continued to feed the fire from return piping connected to the ethyl benzene column. The reboiler was completely destroyed. This article summarizes how it was determined what evidence to collect; how initial evidence was collected soon after the incident; how the physical evidence was preserved during the “make safe” and demolition stages; and how evidence was staged and protected after demolition. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2006
‘Far more deeply interfused’: ‘Tintern Abbey’ between Burkean and Kantian Sublimity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay traces the presence of eighteenth-century aesthetics in Wordsworth’s ‘Tintern Abbey’. It argues that the poem’s use of the term ‘sublime’ is more than just accidental. Rather than merely rehearsing a contemporary aesthetic commonplace, Wordsworth’s references to the sublime are intertextually linked to two eighteenth-century models of the concept, the one outlined in Edmund Burke’s A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1757), the other developed in Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Judgement (1790). Proceeding from a delineation of the Burkean and Kantian semantics of sublimity and a reading of their reverberations in Wordsworth’s prose fragment ‘The Sublime and the Beautiful’, the essay suggests that ‘Tintern Abbey’ juxtaposes a sensationist sublime modelled on Burke’s Enquiry with the intellectualist understanding of the term formulated in Kant’s third Critique.
“Headless Heroes of the Apocalypse”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the rise and development of calypso in Trinidad. Trinidad is a rich site to explore issues of diaspora and historical development in the Caribbean since the island has the dubious distinction of being subject to all the major imperial powers in the region. Calypso is quintessentially urban, developed in the late 19th century through the intermingling of the largely once-rural proletariat, unemployed and under-employed ex-slaves, and formerly indentured Africans and other Creoles in the burgeoning city of Port-of-Spain. The music emerged from and was developed in the barrack yards, stick-fights, carnival tents, and city streets, and became a national music and symbol. This period is also one in which the economic penetration of the British into the island was transformed into formal political and ideological control, thus illuminating inter-imperialist rivalries and transformations, and the complications of political transition in a “plural society.”
Performance and load-range characteristics of turbojet engine in transonic speed range

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Note presenting an analysis of the performance and load-range characteristics of the turbojet engine for various flight speeds, altitudes, compressor pressure ratios, and turbine-inlet temperatures. The values of the lift-drag and structure-to-gross-weight ratios of the aircraft and the efficiencies of the engine components assumed for this analysis are representative of the best values obtained either in practice or in laboratory investigations. Results regarding engine performance, load-range characteristics, and effect of changes in engine weight and airplane characteristics are provided.
Record on species of Apanteles foerster (Braconidae: microgastrinae) from central India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Apanteles species are important larval parasitoids of several lepidopterous pests of economic importance to agricultural crops, commercial cash crops and forest tree species. Several Apanteles species were recovered during taxonomic survey of important forestry and adjoining agro-forestry areas of central India, covering Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra by sweeping and host-insects rearing methods. From the sweeping samples, 19 species and from laboratory host rearing 8 species of Apanteles were obtained. The present paper gives a brief account of these Apanteles species. These parasitoids are undoubtedly important for keeping the check and balance of the population of important insect pests.
Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of the Layered Compound [Fe(NCS)2(4-acetylpyridine)2]n and Its Mixed Crystals with the Ni(II) Analogue

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Reaction of FeCl2, KSCN, and 4-acetylpyridine in dry ethanol leads to [Fe(NCS)2(4-acetylpyridine)2]n (1-Fe) that, in contrast to the previously reported chain isomer, consists of layers. Specific heat measurements show magnetic ordering of 1-Fe at Tc = 8.02 K. Magnetic measurements prove antiferromagnetic interactions within the layers, which is contrary to its Ni analogue. Moreover, for 1-Fe weak ferromagnetism is observed, which is due to a canted antiferromagnetic magnetic structure induced by the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. Mixed crystals of 1-Fe with the Ni(II) analogue were prepared and investigated by a combination of powder X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy as well as magnetic and specific heat measurements. The mixed crystals behave as spin glasses due to disordered occupation of the metal crystallographic site by Ni(II) and Fe(II) and because of ferro- and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions of the homometallic compounds.
Retrograde shear stress modulates rat mesentery microvessel permeability and endothelial adhesion structures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vascular endothelial cells (EC) orient their long axis parallel to the fluid flow direction both in vivo and in culture. The EC surface glycocalyx transduces the fluid flow shear stress that mediates nitric oxide production (Florian et al. Circ Res 2003) and EC cytoskeletal rearrangement (Thi et al. PNAS 2004). To test that in vivo shear stress regulates EC adhesion structures and permeability we compared final hydraulic permeability (L p ) measured in rat mesentery venular microvessels perfused orthograde with L p measured in vessels perfused retrograde, both for about 3 hours. Shear stress ranged from 0.2 to 17 dyne/cm 2 in the retrograde group and from 3.2 to 36 in the orthograde group. For retrograde vessels L p (range 0.4 to 30 x 10 −7 (cm/s * cmH 2 O)) was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) to mean shear stress, with a linear regression slope 1.5 x 10 −7 (cm/s * cmH 2 O)/(dyne/cm 2 ) and L p intercept ‐0.6 x 10 −7 (cm/s * cmH 2 O). For orthograde vessels the L p (2.0 ± 0.6 x 10 −7 (cm/s * cmH 2 O)) was not correlated with mean shear stress. We also examined the continuity of the adhesion protein VE cadherin (VE) and that of the tight junction protein occludin (Oc). Significantly more discontinuities were observed for both VE and Oc in the retrograde group than in the orthograde group. In vivo reversal of flow direction stimulates increased L p correlated with shear stress and induces rearrangement of cytoskeletal structures. HL44485