jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure of the Vocal Process of the Arytenoid Cartilage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An investigation of the ultrastructure of the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage was performed on excised human adult larynges. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The size of the chondrocytes is small and their density is high at the tip of the vocal process. 2) The size of the chondrocytes increases and their density decreases toward the posterior portion of the vocal process. 3) At the tip of the vocal process, the collagenous fibers are thin and run in various directions. 4) The thickness of the collagenous fibers increases and they form thick bundles toward the posterior portion of the vocal process. 5) The elastic fibers are dense at the tip of the vocal process, and their number decreases toward the posterior portion of the vocal process. 6) The elastic fibers, which are slender, branched, and anastomosed to form a loose network, run among the collagenous fibers at the tip of the vocal process. 7) Elaunin fibers are the predominant elastic fibers at the tip of the vocal process. 8) Even in the hyaline cartilage portion of the vocal process, elastic fibers are found. 9) The vocal processes are firm in forming the framework of the glottis and are more pliable toward the tip. 10) The 3-dimensional structure of the gradual changes in stiffness between the vocal fold and the vocal process makes a functional contribution to the roles of the vocal folds and the vocal processes.
Improved Rolled Throughput Yield: A Novel Method for Performance Measurement

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The quality level measurement of a given process is essential to six sigma process improvement. Indicators such as rolled throughput yield and six sigma level have been applied to estimate the efficiency of total process in a certain organization. As an effective indicator, however, rolled throughput yield has not thoroughly explored in scarce studies undertaken. In this paper, we develop an Improved Rolled Throughput Yield (IRTY) that takes the effect of appraisal cost and external failure cost of each sub-process on process weights into account. Moreover, the rework and scrap cost are also incorporated into the proposed approach. The uniqueness of the proposed approach is that the determination of process weights is based on the cost of poor quality. A numerical example is illustrated to present the procedure and the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Changes of Quality of Winter Wheat During Maturing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We analysed the flour of two winter wheat varieties to determine the effect of maturity state and grain position in the ear on the element composition of flour. Samples were taken from the 14th to the 42th day of anthesis. Ear samples were cut into three (basal, central and apical) parts, the trashed grains were milled, and the element compositions of the flours were determined.We found that the grain position within the ear has an effect on flour element content. Flours of apical grains had lower nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur contents than flours of central and basal grains. The nutrients can be divided into two parts, based on the formation of element content during maturation. Nitrogen, sulphur and copper contents changed continuously during maturity, while the P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Sr and Zn contents decreased until a specific value and became nearly constant in the second half of maturity. We found that – although the nitrogen concentration of flours changed continuously – the amount of nitrogen in the flours reached a constant value for the second half of maturity.
Emergencies and Elections in India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When I was on a visit to India in the mid-1970s, I flew one morning from Delhi to Jaipur. After we had all settled back into our seats a short, dapper, moustached man in an ordinary western suit, climbed into one of the front seats. At Jaipur he was the first off the plane, and was met at the foot of the steps by several army officers, with much saluting and clicking of heels. It happened that when I flew back the next day he was on the same plane once again; and at Delhi airport I eventually realised who he was. He was met there by several members of his well-dressed family, and was shown to his huge car by his seemingly even larger, magnificently turbaned, driver. He was, I realised, Sam Maneckshaw, the Indian Army's only Field Marshal since Independence, the hero of its spectacular victory in the Bangladesh war, now, very evidently, living in enviable, luxurious, much honoured retirement.KeywordsElectoral PoliticsParliamentary ElectionLegislative ElectionPreventive DetentionArmy OfficerThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Three novel mutations (G27E, insAAC, R179X) in theORNT1 gene of Japanese patients with hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia, and homocitrullinuria syndrome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia and homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome presents with various neurological symptoms, including mental retardation, spastic paraparesis with pyramidal signs, cerebellar ataxia, and episodic disturbance of consciousness or coma caused by hyperammonemia. We report three novel mutations in the mitochondrial ornithine transporter gene (ORNT1) of Japanese patients with HHH syndrome: a nonsense mutation (R179X) associated with exon skipping and a frameshift, a missense mutation (G27E), and an insertion of AAC between codons 228 and 229, leading to an insertion of the amino acid Asn. The ORNT1 gene consists of at least six exons, and all exon-intron junction sequences conform to the GT/AG rule. All 3 patients were homozygous for their respective mutations. This study confirms that defects in the ORNT1 gene cause the HHH syndrome and that the genetic basis in Japanese patients is heterogeneous.
Lattice Monte Carlo calculations for unitary fermions in a finite box

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We perform lattice Monte Carlo simulations for up to 66 unitary fermions in a finite box using a highly improved lattice action for nonrelativistic spin-12 fermions. We obtain a value of 0.366-0.011+0.016 for the Bertsch parameter, defined as the energy of the unitary Fermi gas measured in units of the free gas energy in the thermodynamic limit. In addition, for up to four unitary fermions, we compute the spectrum of the lattice theory by exact diagonalization of the transfer matrix projected onto irreducible representations of the octahedral group for small to moderate size lattices, providing an independent check of our few-body simulation results. We compare our exact numerical and simulation results for the spectrum to benchmark studies of other research groups as well as perform an extended analysis of our lattice action improvement scheme, including an analysis of the errors associated with higher partial waves and finite temporal discretization.
Tariffication of Tariff Rate Quotas under oligopolistic competition: the case of the EU import regimes for bananas

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper develops a two-stage capacity constrained duopoly model, in which the mode of competition is endogenous and the constraint is flexible, to investigate the impact of Tariff Rate Quotas (TRQs) and their liberalization. The model predicts that the greater the gap between the price of the licences plus the in-quota tariff and the out-of-quota tariff, the closer the outcome of the game to the pure Cournot outcome. The tariff equivalent changes according to the prevailing mode of competition under the TRQ. The model is used to address the issue of the tariffication of the non-ACP TRQ for EU banana imports. The results suggest that under the TRQ firms competed on quantity and that the tariff equivalent is higher than the tariff introduced by the EU in 2006.
Higher education as an agent of social innovation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Lithuania, along with many societies throughout the world, has been experiencing the phenomenon of social transformation. Social transformations involve complex interrelated political, economic, technological and cultural developments which have a profound impact on the social domain itself and on the lives of people (Melnikas et al. 2000). The process of social transformation involves innovations of many different kinds which embody in varying ways and to various extents a vision of the goals implicit in the improvements aimed at. Social innovations relate to many aspects of the ways in which people lead their lives in society and to the norms and values which underpin these lives. Social innovations, which have an impact on the structure of society as well as on the lives of individuals, are a necessary complement to changes in the economic and technological spheres (Melnikas et al. 2000), not least because they can empower individuals for adaptation in the context of perpetual change. (On the significance of social and cultural factors in the 'transformation environment' see the chapter by G. Jucevicˇius in this volume and for a related discussion on community development see the chapter by Leliugiene and Barsˇauskiene.)According to Doppler and Lautenburg (1994), the success of innovation implementation is to a large extent influenced by the following psychological and cultural factors at the level of individuals: a general readiness for change, a sense of embraced personal responsibility and participation in a prevailing culture of confidence. Such 'soft' factors of innovation often have a determining influence upon final results. These preconditions at the individual level for successful innovation have a particular significance in the so-called 'countries in transition'. This is because these countries have experienced a double pressure: on the one hand, they have undergone the radical changes related to the transition from a totalitarian to a democratic society, and on the other hand, they have been subject to equally powerful changes arising from general forces such as the proliferation of information and communication technologies and the phenomenon of globalization. However, social innovations are not only necessary if economic and technological innovations are to be 'successful'. These social innovations are also necessary if the norms and values implicit in the goals ofeconomic and technological innovations are to be properly evaluated: the criteria for a 'successful' innovation should not be simply taken for granted.
Prediction of carboxyhemoglobin formation due to transient exposure to carbon monoxide

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fifteen men were exposed to 6,683 ppm C18O for 3.09–6.65 min. Arterial and antecubital vein blood samples were drawn at 1-min intervals beginning at the start of C18O inhalation and ending 10 min later. Simultaneously, alveolar ventilation was calculated from the measured values of minute ventilation and dead space. All other parameters of the Coburn-Forster-Kane equation (CFKE), except the Haldane affinity ratio, were measured separately in each subject. Means of CFKE predictions of increases in venous HbCO (delta HbCO) in samples collected approximately 2 min after cessation of exposure were accurate, but the range in errors of prediction for individual subjects was +/- 3.8% HbCO, depending on the time after exposure cessation. Increases in venous and arterial HbCO were inaccurately predicted during and immediately after HbCO formation, however. Venous blood was overestimated during CO uptake because of a delayed appearance of HbCO. Individual subjects differed markedly in the degree of delay of HbCO appearance in venous blood. Arterial delta HbCO was consistently underestimated either by the CFKE or by predictions based on venous blood samples. Thus, exposure of such organs as brain or heart to HbCO may be substantially higher than expected during transient high-level CO exposure.
P-333 BRUCELLOSIS AMONG LABORATORY WORKERS: A PERSISTENT CONCERN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction In Tunisia, brucellosis is endemic in certain regions, especially in rural areas. It is an occupational disease, primarily affecting professionals in contact with infected animals and laboratory workers. The aim of this study was to describe the circumstances surrounding work- related accidents occurring in laboratory workers due to inhalation of Brucella. Methods A retrospective descriptive study involving three laboratory workers who consulted the occupational department in February 2023 to report work-related accidents following accidental inhalation of Brucella. Data collection was done from medical records. A visit to the microbiology laboratory was conducted. Results The study included two women and one man, aged 28, 37, and 42 years. They worked as physician, laboratory technician, and nurse. All three laboratory workers had handled positive blood culture for Brucella. Two laboratory workers remained asymptomatic, while one developed a sudorificalgic fever. The workplace investigation revealed the absence of hoods and respiratory masks. The patients were referred to the infectious diseases department, where chemoprophylaxis with Rifampicin and Doxycycline was prescribed for three weeks for the first patient. For all patients, serological tests (Wright and Rose Bengal serologies) were conducted after two weeks to one month, and the results were negative. The work-related accidents were reported. Discussion This study highlights the work-related accidents in laboratory workers due to the inhalation of Brucella and the importance of protective equipment in bacteriology laboratories. Post- exposure prophylaxis is discussed. Conclusion The development of clinical practice guidelines for employees exposed to Brucella is an essential tool for occupational health physicians.
Electronic Monitoring of the Fetus

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

ms. russin was research-nurse coordinator in the Perinatal Clinical Research Center, Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio. She has a B.S. in nursing from Cornell University-New York Hospital School of Nursing, New York, N.Y. She is now a nursing instructor, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ms. o'gureck (Jersey Shore Medical Center, Neptune) N.J.; B.A., Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio) was a nurse coordinator of research in the Perinatal Clinical Research Center. She has written extensively with Dr. Roux and others on monitoring. She is now a medical student at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, class of 1976, Cleveland, Ohio. dr. roux (M.D., Ph.D., Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland) is professor of obstetrics and gynecology, Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, and is the chief of the obstetrical section, Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital, Ohio.
One-Year Follow-Up Examination of the Impact of the North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program on Healthy Food Availability, Purchases, and Consumption

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We examined the short-term impact of the North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program (HFSRP), a legislatively appropriated bill providing funding up to $25,000 to small food retailers for equipment to stock and promote healthier foods, on store-level availability and purchase of healthy foods and beverages, as well as customer dietary patterns, one year post-policy implementation. We evaluated healthy food availability using a validated audit tool, purchases using customer bag-checks, and diet using self-reported questionnaires and skin carotenoid levels, assessed via Veggie Meter™, a non-invasive tool to objectively measure fruit and vegetable consumption. Difference-in-difference analyses were used to examine changes in HFSRP stores versus control stores after 1 year. There were statistically significant improvements in healthy food supply scores (availability), with the Healthy Food Supply HFS score being −0.44 points lower in control stores and 3.13 points higher in HFSRP stores pre/post HFSRP (p = 0.04). However, there were no statistically significant changes in purchases or self-reported consumption or skin carotenoids among customers in HFSRP versus control stores. Additional time or other supports for retailers (e.g., marketing and promotional materials) may be needed for HFSRP implementation to influence purchase and consumption.
Seed plant features, distribution patterns, diversity hotspots, and conservation gaps in Xinjiang, China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The flora in Xinjiang is unique. Decisions about biodiversity conservation and management based on seed plant diversity hotspots and conservation gaps in Xinjiang are essential to maintain this unique flora. Based on a species distribution dataset of seed plants, we measured seed plant diversity using species richness and phylogenetic diversity indices. Five percent of Xinjiang’s total land area with the highest biodiversity was used to identify hotspots for each index. In total, eight hotspots were identified. Most hotspots were located in mountainous areas, mainly in the Tianshan Mountains and Altai Mountains. Furthermore, we detected conservation gaps for Xinjiang’s seed flora hotspots by overlaying nature reserve maps on to maps of identified hotspots and we designated priority conservation gaps for hotspots by overlaying global biodiversity hotspot maps on to hotspot conservation gaps maps. Most of Xinjiang’s seed plant hotspots are poorly protected; only 10.45% of these hotspots were covered by nature reserves. We suggest that it is essential to promote network function of nature reserves within these hotspots in Xinjiang to conserve this unique flora.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Free space optics communication channel with amplitude/frequency shift keying modulation technique based raised cosine line coding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The objective of the study is to simulate frequency shift keying (FSK)/amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation schemes with raised cosine line coding based free space optics channel in clear weather conditions. The max. Q and optical signal/noise ratio (OSNR) with FSO channel length variations are simulated for the previous and proposed models at DRs of 10 Gbps, and also the max. Q factor with data rate (DR) variations is demonstrated for the previous and proposed models at 10 km FSO channel length. Max. Q , min. BER, signal power (SP), noise power, and total optical power (TOP) based FSK and ASK modulation schemes are illustrated through APD receiver with FSO channel length of 10 km.
Dyscalculia: A practitioner’s view

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

DSM-IV (2000) defines Mathematics Disorder as ‘measured by a standardised test
that is given individually, the person's mathematical ability is substantially less than
would be expected from the person’s age, intelligence and education. This
deficiency materially impedes academic achievement or daily living’. From this definition,
it follows that a standardised measure of mathematical ability should be undertaken.
However, the nature of the ‘mathematical ability’ is absent from this definition.
Furthermore, the definition is for ‘Mathematical Disorder’ and this implies a stable
cognitive root rather than achievement, which is mastery and subject to education and
environment.
Genetic Characterization and Insular Habitat Enveloping of Endangered Leaf-Nosed Bat, Hipposideros nicobarulae (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in India: Phylogenetic Inference and Conservation Implication

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The Nicobar leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros nicobarulae) was described in the early 20th century; however, its systematic classification has been debated for over 100 years. This endangered and endemic species has achieved species status through morphological data in the last 10 years. However, the genetic information and phylogenetic relationships of H. nicobarulae remain neglected. The generated mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (mtCytb) sequences (438 bp) of H. nicobarulae contains 53.42–53.65% AT composition and 1.82% variable sites. The studied species, H. nicobarulae maintains an 8.1% to 22.6% genetic distance from other Hipposideros species. The genetic divergence estimated in this study is congruent with the concept of gene speciation in bats. The Bayesian and Maximum-Likelihood phylogenies clearly discriminated all Hipposideros species and showed a sister relationship between H. nicobarulae and H. cf. antricola. Current mtCytb-based investigations of H. nicobarulae have confirmed the species status at the molecular level. Further, the MaxEnt-based species distribution modelling illustrates the most suitable habitat of H. nicobarulae (294 km2), of which the majority (171 km2) is located on Great Nicobar Island. The present study suggests rigorous sampling across the range, taxonomic coverage, the generation of multiple molecular markers (mitochondrial and nuclear), as well as more ecological information, which will help in understanding population genetic structure, habitat suitability, and the implementation of appropriate conservation action plans for H. nicobarulae and other Hipposideros species.
Response to Comment on Cho et al. Antidiabetic Medications and Mortality Risk in Individuals With Pancreatic Cancer–Related Diabetes and Postpancreatitis Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 2019;42:1675–1683

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We thank Devouge et al. (1) for their interest in our nationwide cohort study that will contribute meaningfully to the changing field of diabetes of the exocrine pancreas. The authors made a comment about the possibility of including individuals with undetected type 2 diabetes in the cohort of postpancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM) we established (2). The issue of undetected type 2 diabetes is common and ubiquitous. This is because of suboptimal screening for diabetes in general and PPDM in particular. To ensure that this perennial issue does not cripple accuracy of data in the context of pancreatitis, the use of two terms (as appropriate) is advocated: “new-onset diabetes after pancreatitis” (NODAP) and PPDM (3,4). When an individual is confirmed not to have preexisting …