jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experiences of nurses initiating and managing human immune-deficiency virus infected patients on antiretroviral treatment in Tshwane clinics

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Background: The implementation of nurse initiation and management of patients on ART in Primary Health setting has increased. This initiative in scaling up, improved patient outcome and improved accessibility to treatment and care. However this large rollout of ART program has created additional workload and challenges for nurses. Objectives: To explore and describe the challenges and experiences of nurses initiating and managing HIV/AIDS infected patients on ART in the Tshwane North sub-district clinics. Methods: In this qualitative study the researcher employed qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design to explore and describe the experiences of nurses initiating and managing human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infected patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART). The population was the NIMART trained nurses actively involved in initiating and managing HIV/AIDS infected patients. A sample of 4 (four) nurses from each of the 4 (four) Tshwane North sub-district clinics were used. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data. Qualitative content analysis procedure was used to analyse data. Findings: Four themes were identified: delayed initiation, interference in taking ART, young people infected and living with HIV infection, and patients already on treatment. The identified themes were discussed and supported with literature. Conclusion: The study highlighted the challenges of nurses initiating and managing HIV infected patients on ART are experiencing. These challenges have negative outcomes on the health of individual patients. Therefore the government came with a strategic plan to put the disease under control.
Bias Crime Statutes: A Qualified Liberal Defense

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since American legislatures began passing bias crime statutes (which set more severe penalties for crimes committed from biased motives) in the 1980s, many legal philosophers have argued that such statutes are unjust on the grounds that they punish character traits and feelings rather than actions and intentions. It is unjust to punish character traits and feelings, these authors have supposed, because character traits and feelings are not under agents' direct autonomous control. I argue that while it is unjust for governments to punish feelings and character traits, not all bias elements of crimes are feelings or character traits. Rather, some bias elements of crimes are intentions. I urge that in cases of biased crime in which the bias element in play is an intention, governments may punish the crime more severely than parallel non-biased crimes without violating the requirement not to punish what is not under agents' direct autonomous control.
Exploring Opportunities for Augmenting Homes to Support Exercising

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although exercising at home has benefits, it is not always engaging or motivating. Augmented Reality (AR) head-mounted displays (HMDs) offer the potential to make in-home exercising and exergaming more inclusive and immersive, but there is limited research investigating how such systems can be designed. We employed a participatory design approach involving semi-structured interviews to investigate how homes can be augmented to facilitate exercising experiences. We developed 10 recommendations for developing home-based exercising experiences using AR HMDs. Our results further contribute to the existing body of research on the use of AR for exercising, home applications, and everyday objects by presenting the first foundational study investigating the wide range of exercises that can be supported through AR HMDs in home environments and the different ways home elements may support these exercises, and laying the groundwork for future work developing home-based exergaming through AR HMDs to increase people’s physical activity levels.
Reorganization of the Supreme Court

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Reorganization of the Supreme CourtT HE President's recommendation that Congress, at this time, exercise its constitutional poweri to enlarge the Supreme Court must be weighed in the light of the character of the decisions of the Supreme Court, as it is now constituted.What are the characteristics of these decisions that have produced wide discontent?Will the President's proposal, 2 if adopted, tend to bring about decisions of a proper judicial quality but devoid of these objectionable characteristics or tendencies?Also we must consider whether the adoption of the proposal would set a dangerous precedent.Briefly put, the present discontent is with the Court's illiberal interpretation of the Constitution.A majority of the Court has been illiberal1 The Constitution far from establishing the Supreme Court does not even provide the number of judges of which it shall consist.While Article III declares that the judicial power of the national government "shall be vested in one supreme Court, and such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish," that the tenure of "the judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts" shall be during good behavior, and that the "supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction" in a few specified classes of cases, and appellate jurisdiction in other classes "with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make," it was left to Congress by statute to determine the composition of the Supreme Court and bring it into existence as a working institution.The first Congress realized this by enacting a statute entitled, "An Act to establish the judicial Courts of the United States" (1 STAT.(1789) 73) which provided "That the supreme court of the United States shall consist of a chief justice and five associate justices, any four of whom shall be a quorum, and shall hold annually at the seat of government two sessions ... "
Prevention of Nosocomial Infection through Application of Housekeeping

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The hospital has a high risk of nosocomial infection. Nosocomial infection can infect patients in hospital and can inhibit the patient's recovery, even worsen a patient. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the application of housekeeping with the total number of germs floor as prevention nosocomial infection in the treatment room Roses in Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin, Indonesia. The study design was observational analytic. The study population was all Roses class treatment rooms. The samples were taken from the floor germs 4 point class treatment rooms in hospitals Rose Ulin. Sampling was conducted in the first week and the second week in November 2015. Paired t-test results showed no relationship between the applications of housekeeping with the total number of germs floor with a p-value 0.015.This study found there was decreasing the total number of germ on the floor in all rooms. It is hoped that the hospital to continue to pay attention to the condition of the hospital, especially in terms of hygiene in order to avoid transmission of germs or nosocomial infections due to bacteria originating from the floor.
The Utility of the Subalar Graft in Nostril Symmetry in Rhinoplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It was a delight to read the recent article entitled "The Utility of the Subalar Graft in Nostril Symmetry in Rhinoplasty"1 by Dr. Yan Ho Lee et al., in the May of 2021 issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. The authors present a seldom-utilized and often-neglected graft in rhinoplasty. In addition, they expended arduous efforts on validating quantitative measurements to present convincing evidence on the outcomes. More intriguingly, a clear algorithm has further stratified the clinical indications and applications. In addition to the maxilla, the mandible also has a direct impact on the appearance of the nose. In cases of laterognathism, lip and chin deviation would lead to a skewed midline, which will cause a further visually skewed-appearing nose. In terms of methodology, a head-to-head comparison between noses with a subalar graft implanted and those without might be arguably better. A dedicate rhinoplasty procedure could itself correct or camouflage some mild facial asymmetry already. In addition, the best validated evidence for evaluating maxillary asymmetry is the computed tomography scan with three-dimensional reconstruction, which may offer a more convincing supplement to this article. We would appreciate it if the authors would kindly address the following comments and concerns. It seems that the subalar graft was inserted into the submuscular layer without any significant fixation. How can it be secured in situ postoperatively without any unpredictable movement that could ultimately jeopardize its original purpose of providing structural support? Silicone, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, and diced cartilage are the most frequently used materials to fill paranasal concavities. These implants are primarily for the purpose of augmentation, however; some minor displacements would be of little relevance. Therefore, it seems to us that immobility of the subalar graft would be of great significance for long-term results. Speaking of different materials, what are authors' views on using diced cartilage instead of a single chunk of graft or, rather, a piece of artificial material? Theoretically, unilateral implantation of a graft might cause asymmetry of the nasolabial folds. This could be more evident in those older patients who present with some degree of midface ptosis. What experiences can the authors share? If a patient presents with flaring alae that require reduction, and the nasal base asymmetry could be corrected with a subalar graft, what tips can the authors share to shed some light on this case? Would the alar reduction procedure cause some imbalance with regard to the subalar graft implantation? DISCLOSURE The authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this communication. Lehao Wu, M.D., Ph.D.Huan Wang, M.D., Ph.D.Jianjun You, M.D., Ph.D.Department of Plastic SurgeryChinese Academy of Medical Sciences andPeking Union Medical CollegePlastic Surgery Hospital and InstituteBeijing, People's Republic of China
Are you ready for a contactless future? A multi-group analysis of experience, delight, customer equity, and trust based on the Technology Readiness Index 2.0

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Contactless hospitality services are technology-enabled innovative services combating the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveying 1,537 hotel guests, this study explores the relationships between customer experience, customer delight, customer equity, and brand trust in contactless hospitality services. A theoretical model is proposed to investigate the antecedents and consequences of customer equity. The moderating effect of health concerns lies on the path from customer equity to trust. A multi-group analysis was conducted to examine the invariance among proposed paths between two customer groups. The effects of delight on equity and equity on trust are stronger for the low technology readiness group.
Autophagic State Confers Facultative Stem Cell Capacity in The Intestinal Epithelium

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background The intestinal epithelium is a highly proliferative tissue that undergoes complete turnover in 3 to 5 days. The presence of intestinal stem cells expressing the canonical Wnt target gene Lgr5, known as active intestinal stem cells (a‐ISCs), are responsible for generating daughter cells that differentiate into specialized epithelial cells to carryout various functions in the intestine. The proliferative nature of the intestinal epithelium renders it susceptible to DNA damage‐inducing injury, such as high‐dose irradiation and chemotherapy. Although a‐ISCs and early daughter cells are killed by these insults, a radio‐resistant population of facultative intestinal stem cells (f‐ISCs) can regenerate lost a‐ISCs to restore homeostasis following injury. The functional characteristics of f‐ISCs are becoming increasingly understood, however, whether any epithelial cell can act as an f‐ISC is less clear. One reason for this ambiguity is a heavy reliance on Cre‐driven reporter mouse models with low recombination efficiency. Our objective was to find a functional marker to identify f‐ISCs based on cellular state rather than gene expression. The autophagy pathway has been shown to protect against DNA damage and irradiation‐induced apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium. Furthermore, recent studies demonstrate a requirement for the autophagy pathway during cellular de‐differentiation in both gastric chief and pancreatic acinar cells following metaplasia‐inducing injury. Given that autophagy plays roles in both radio‐resistance and cellular plasticity, two integral features of f‐ISCs, we hypothesized that autophagic activity could serve to identify cells with f‐ISC capacity. Methods and Results Using the autophagic vesicle tracer dye CytoID combined with fluorescence‐activated cell sorting, we demonstrate that intestinal epithelial cells with high levels of CytoID exhibit increased organoid‐formation efficiency (OFE) compared to CytoID ‘low’ cells. Single cell sequencing reveals that the CytoID high population is largely composed of secretory cells including Paneth, Goblet, Tuft, and Enteroendocrine cells, whereas the CytoID low population consisted mainly of a‐ISCs and absorptive Enterocytes. Using reporter mice and antibodies against cell surface receptors, we observe that CytoID can identify cells with high OFE within Enteroendocrine, Paneth, and Goblet cell lineages. Finally, we demonstrate that autophagy is required for the enhanced organoid‐formation observed in CytoID high cells by plating these cells in the presence of the lysosomal inhibitor Bafilomycin A1. Conclusions Our new data support the notion that epithelial cells in a high autophagic state are biased to secretory lineages and that autophagy status functions as a lineage agnostic marker of f‐ISCs. Furthermore, our data suggests that autophagy is required for organoid formation in these lineages.
Interactive relationships of Type 2 diabetes and bipolar disorder with cognition: evidence of putative premature cognitive ageing in the UK Biobank Cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is disproportionately prevalent in bipolar disorder (BD) and is associated with cognitive deficits in psychiatrically healthy cohorts. Whether there is an interaction effect between T2D and BD on cognition remains unclear. Using the UK Biobank, we explored interactions between T2D, BD and cognition during mid and later life; and examined age-related cognitive performance effects in BD as a function of T2D. Data were available for 1511 participants with BD (85 T2D), and 81,162 psychiatrically healthy comparisons (HC) (3430 T2D). BD and T2D status were determined by validated measures created specifically for the UK Biobank. Diagnostic and age-related associations between T2D status and cognition were tested using analyses of covariance or logistic regression. There was a negative association of T2D with visuospatial memory that was specific to BD. Processing speed and prospective memory performance were negatively associated with T2D, irrespective of BD diagnosis. Cognitive deficits were evident in BD patients with T2D compared to those without, with scores either remaining the same (processing speed) or improving (visuospatial memory) as a function of participant age. In contrast, cognitive performance in BD patients without T2D was worse as participant age increased, although the age-related trajectory remained broadly equivalent to the HC group. BD and T2D associated with cognitive performance deficits across the mid-life period; indicating comorbid T2D as a potential risk factor for cognitive dysfunction in BD. In comparison to BD participants without T2D and HCs, age-independent cognitive impairments in BD participants with comorbid T2D suggest a potential premature deterioration of cognitive functioning compared to what would normally be expected.
Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study is to investigate medicinal plant diversity, ethnobotanical study and to document indigenous knowledge of people in wolaita zone. Data were gathered from, local healers using different ethnobotanical techniques such as; semi- structured interview, field observation, and group discussion & analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis methods. Discussions were conducted with informants and residents in seeking to understand the use, threats to traditional medicinal plants and its management, and to know how knowledge is maintained and transferred through family or community. A total of 60 traditional healers (40 men and 20 women) from the age of 18 and above were selected purposefully based on their knowledge and practice on medicinal plants. A total of 102 medicinal plant species belonging to 100 genera and 54 families were collected from the study area, among them 76(74.5%), were collected from wild while the remained 26(25.49%), were cultivated in the homegardens. The Family lamiaceae contributed the highest number of medicinal plants 12(11.8%), followed by Astraceae 8(7.84%).Based on the growth forms herbs accounted the highest numbers(49%).Regarding plant parts used leaves were the most frequently sought plant parts accounting for (66%). Majority of remedies (52%) were applied in mixing with pure water and (31%) used alone. Of the total medicinal plant species reported, 84% and 9.8% were used to treat human and livestock ailments respectively. The remained 5.9% were used to against both human and livestock ailments. Greater proportion of rout of administration 80%, were oral. Analysis of preference ranking showed, Ajuga integrifolia was the most perceived & preferred medicinal plant by people of the study area to treat stomach ache. Stepania abyssinica was found to be the most preferred plant to treat stomach complains in livestock. Some medicinal plants are popular than others in treating various diseases. For instance, Allium sativum were found to be the most popular, followed by Moringa stenopetala treating malaria. Concerning informant consensus factor, the highest ICF values were linked to problems associated with stomach ache (0.71). Jaccard`s Coefficient of Similarity (JCS) revealed highest similarity 34% were, found b/n sidama. Youngsters have almost no aims to receive and to transfer medicinal plant knowledge, so concerning bodies to create awareness in the area suggested. Agricultural expansion, were reported to be the major pressure to medicinal plants & little practice of conservation measures in the area. Keywords: Indigenous knowledge, ethinobotany and use categories, ailments, conservation & threats.
Hepatic Amoebiasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

charged between the second and the sixth day from the Jessop Hospital for Women 158 were satisfied, even enthusiastic, with the arrangements, 28 were doubtful (nearly always because of inadequate help in the home), and only 13 said they were not satisfied.One felt unable to give an opinion, having been readmitted with secondary post- partum haemorrhage.In practice, many patients specially ask to be booked for 48 hotirs, and there are a few who should be confined in hospital for medical reasons who are clearly very unwilling to come in unless short stay is promised.Unlike Sir Andrew Claye I believe that for a proportion of patients the deliberate planning for a 48-hour discharge from maternity unit is the correct thing to do, for it provides the patient with the best of both worlds; this arrangement, however, must be -planned in advance and must be supported by efficient lines of communication and a real sense of team-work among those providing maternity care.Above all, the patient's home conditions must be suitable for early discharge, and in particular there must be sufficient help to give the mother enough pro- tection from the everyday affairs that she is going to have to take up again soon enough.-
A comparison study of five in-vehicle warning information displays with or without spatial compatibility

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A driving simulator study was conducted to evaluate the effect of five in-vehicle warning information displays upon drivers' decision performance. These displays include visual display, auditory displays with and without spatial compatibility, hybrid displays in both visual and auditory format with and without spatial compatibility. In this one factor within-subjects experiment, 30 voluntary drivers were recruited to perform various tasks that involved driving, and stimulus-response (S-R). The corresponding driving performance, response times, and accuracy rates were measured and analyzed. Results show that the drivers' best performances were obtained for hybrid display with spatial compatibility. Hybrid displays enabled drivers to respond the fastest and achieve the best accuracy in both S-R.
Influence of moderate exercise on glucose homeostasis and serum testosterone in young men with low HDL-cholesterol level.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fifty-five healthy sedentary non smoking and non obese 24-26-year-old men with a low serum concentration of HDL-cholesterol were selected for a study of the effect of nine weeks of exercise on glucose homeostasis, and blood testosterone. The participants were randomized into two groups. Twenty-eight subjects were assigned to a nine-week program of submaximal aerobic exercise three times weekly, while 27 were assigned to a non exercising control group. The improvement in physical fitness was assessed by change in estimated oxygen consumption (EVO2 max) that was increased by 15% in the exercise group (p less than 0.001), but remained unchanged in the control group. During the study the body weight of both groups remained essentially unchanged. There was a significant reduction of mean plasma fructosamine in the exercise group, and non significant reduction in serum insulin. Serum testosterone, glycohemoglobin and HDL-cholesterol were not influenced by exercise, while serum triglycerides were significantly reduced.
Soluble sugars and myo-inositol phosphates during germination andseedling growth of green and white faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The soluble sugar and myo-inositol phosphates in the cotyledons and embryo axis during germination and seedling growth of green and white faba beans, were studied with an objective to analyze the precise distribution of these compounds in the different parts of faba bean seeds. In green and white faba beans the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) for establishing their nutritional relevance, were estimated mainly in the cotyledons which were drastically reduced within 2 days after imbibition (DAI). During germination and seedling growth phytates content was reduced in cotyledon (20–23%) and embryo axis (83–90%).