jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Scrub typhus: A serious public health issue in Nepal

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The agro-climatic conditions, socio-economic situation, poor sanitation, low hygiene and health standards in Nepal are major contributing factors to the emergence of scrub typhus in Nepal. These outbreaks, along with poor diagnostic facilities, can lead to severe economic losses in a resource-limited country like Nepal. Diseases like avian influenza, leptospirosis, brucellosis, tuberculosis and rabies, that cause heavy socio-economic burden, have received huge attention of Government of Nepal and hence are among the top ten priority diseases. However, until now, scrub typhus is not considered a priority disease in Nepal, despite having severe outbreaks time to time. In order to diagnose and treat scrub typhus infection, low budget diagnostic tests such as Weil Felix are less efficient and poor in screening, and highly advanced & efficient tests are less likely to be available and are expensive. Nepal needs to explore appropriate and applicable test settings in primary health centers and referral laboratories in the country. Moreover, focus should be made on effective surveillance programs and public awareness campaigns, mice/rat control strategies, and improving sanitation, public health and hygiene measures for the people at most risk. In addition, health workers and professionals should be trained on early case detection, personal protection, proactive rodent control strategies, habitat destruction and good sanitation and hygiene practices.
LHD echpw #177447.1 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Injection power of gyrotron in the electron cyclotron heating (ECH) system with four horizontal port antennas (2-OUR (77GHz), 2-OLL (154GHz), 2-OUL(154GHz) and 2-OLR (154/116GHz)) and two top port antennas (5.5-Uout (77GHz) and 1.5-U (56GHz)).
The Influence of Feeding Corn Silages of Different Maturity and First and Second Cutting Orchardgrass-Ladino Clover Silages upon VFA Production in the Rumen of the Cow

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

第一胃フィステルを装着したホルスタイン種の成雌牛4頭を供試し,黄熟および完熟期刈取りのとうもろこしサイレージと1番および2番刈オーチャードグラスーラジノクローバサイレージの給与が第一胃内揮発性脂肪酸(VFA)の産生ならびに第一胃内性状に及ぼす影響の相違について比較検討した.その結果次のような知見を得た.1) 第一胃内pHにおいて,両とうもろこしは両牧草よりも,また,2番草は1番草よりも有意(P<.01)に高かった.一方,第一胃内NH3-N濃度およびVFA濃度では,pHとは逆に1番草は2番草および両とうもろこしよりも,また,2番草は両とうもろこしよりも有意(P<.01)に高かった.2) 各VFAの割合では,酢酸は2番草が最も高く,他のサイレージとの間に有意差(P<.01)が認められた.プロピオン酸では,両とうもろこしが1番および2番草よりも,1番草は2番草よりもそれぞれ有意(P<.01)に高かった.また,iso-バレリアン酸では,1番草,2番草および両とうもろこし間にそれぞれ有意差(P<.01)が認められた.酪酸およびn-バレリアン酸には,サイレージの種類による有意な相違は認められなかった.
Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells as a Target for the Therapy of Immune Thrombocytopenia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease in which platelets are destroyed by special antiplatelet autoantibodies produced by B cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells involved in humoral immunity and cellular immunity and among them DCs that induce autoimmune tolerance are called tolerogenic DCs (tDCs). As a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for ITP, tDCs have received increasing attention. In this review, we describe the significant role of DCs in regulating autoimmune balances, introduce the manipulation strategies to generate tDCs, summarize recent progress on the experimental application of tDCs for ITP therapy, and finally discuss the perspectives of tolerogenic vaccination for ITP treatment in the clinic.
Rigorous solution of a two-dimensional Blume-Emery-Griffiths model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The spin-1 Ising model with bilinear (J) and biquadratic (K) nearest-neighbor exchange interactions and a single-ion potential (\ensuremath{\Delta}), a model introduced by Blume, Emery, and Griffiths (BEG), is studied on a honeycomb lattice. The exact solution of the BEG model is obtained for a certain relation K=K(J). Also an approximate treatment of the BEG model outside the surface, in the space of coupling constants, given by the relation above is discussed. Finally a digression is made on the critical temperature of the spin-1 Ising model.
Interdisciplinary research: Can plasma technology be applied in the animal developmental biotechnology?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study firstly investigated whether plasma treatment of fertilized eggs before hatching could affect the growth and reproduction of chickens. Four-day-incubated fertilized eggs exposed to non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma at 11.7 kV for 2 min resulted in the highest growth in chickens. Plasma growth-promoting effect in chickens was regulated by the reactive oxygen species homeostasis and the improvement of energy metabolism via increasing serum hormones and adenosine triphosphate levels which were resulted from the regulation of the demethylation levels of growth and hormone biosynthesis-related genes. Interestingly, plasma-treated male chickens showed more conspicuous growth characteristics than females. Further, aspects of the male reproductive system were improved by the plasma treatment: testosterone levels, sperm quality and fertility increased via the double regulation of DNA methylation and miRNA in the testis. In summary, optimized plasma treatment of fertilized eggs can improve chicken growth and male reproductive capacity; this finding can improve profitability and next-generation potential production in poultry breeding.
Medical devices for the anesthetist: current perspectives

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Jerry Ingrande, Hendrikus JM LemmensDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USAAbstract: Anesthesiologists are unique among most physicians in that they routinely use technology and medical devices to carry out their daily activities. Recently, there have been significant advances in medical technology. These advances have increased the number and utility of medical devices available to the anesthesiologist. There is little doubt that these new tools have improved the practice of anesthesia. Monitoring has become more comprehensive and less invasive, airway management has become easier, and placement of central venous catheters and regional nerve blockade has become faster and safer. This review focuses on key medical devices such as cardiovascular monitors, airway equipment, neuromonitoring tools, ultrasound, and target controlled drug delivery software and hardware. This review demonstrates how advances in these areas have improved the safety and efficacy of anesthesia and facilitate its administration. When applicable, indications and contraindications to the use of these novel devices will be explored as well as the controversies surrounding their use.Keywords: catheters, echocardiography, ultrasound, fiberoptic bronchoscope, laryngeal mask airway, closed-loop anesthesia
The Farmacy: A new small scale pharmaceutical production site

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This project explores the realities of production in the Irish landscape, and speculates upon certain industries that maintain both a rural economy and Ireland’s architectural identity. The essence of this project as the name suggest, is to combine two residual industries in Ireland, farming and the pharmaceutical industry into one new synthetic architectural type, The Farmacy. These Farmacies, house a pharmaceutical production facility within the traditional scale of the smallholding or farm, while using the authentic spatial model of the Irish monastery. It provides an alternative to the existing fragmented pharmaceutical production landscape. In its density, scale, repeatability and seriality it continues to define an architecture of rural Ireland, while they also give a much-needed identity to an economically important emerging industry.
ComPhy: Compositional Physical Reasoning of Objects and Events from Videos

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Objects' motions in nature are governed by complex interactions and their properties. While some properties, such as shape and material, can be identified via the object's visual appearances, others like mass and electric charge are not directly visible. The compositionality between the visible and hidden properties poses unique challenges for AI models to reason from the physical world, whereas humans can effortlessly infer them with limited observations. Existing studies on video reasoning mainly focus on visually observable elements such as object appearance, movement, and contact interaction. In this paper, we take an initial step to highlight the importance of inferring the hidden physical properties not directly observable from visual appearances, by introducing the Compositional Physical Reasoning (ComPhy) dataset. For a given set of objects, ComPhy includes few videos of them moving and interacting under different initial conditions. The model is evaluated based on its capability to unravel the compositional hidden properties, such as mass and charge, and use this knowledge to answer a set of questions posted on one of the videos. Evaluation results of several state-of-the-art video reasoning models on ComPhy show unsatisfactory performance as they fail to capture these hidden properties. We further propose an oracle neural-symbolic framework named Compositional Physics Learner (CPL), combining visual perception, physical property learning, dynamic prediction, and symbolic execution into a unified framework. CPL can effectively identify objects' physical properties from their interactions and predict their dynamics to answer questions.
Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: pathogenesis and prevention.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In spite of their adverse side effects, natural and synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) occupy a unique role in several fields of medicine. They are potent regulators of bone cell growth and differentiation and the actions on the skeleton and related tissues depend on several factors including the dose, duration of the exposure, the steroid type and the species. In humans some of the effects are indirect, such as the regulation of intestinal calcium absorption and PTH secretion. Other effects are due to the cellular response that occurs within the bone microenvironment. It has been well established in in vitro studies that GCs can promote osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal osteoprogenitors both in rat calvarial culture and in adherent marrow stromal cells. Moreover, GCs are able to enhance expression of the mature osteoblast phenotype, increasing mineralized nodules, osteocalcin secretion, and the bone morphogenetic protein-6 message level. However, the mechanisms by which GCs affect bone metabolism are still unclear. Recent studies with GCs on bone cells suggested that the production of cytokines and growth factors and the expression of their receptors may also be influenced by GCs. In fact, GCs are able to inhibit the synthesis of cytokines, such as interleukin-1 which stimulates bone remodeling by monocytes and macrophages. Moreover, osteoprotegerin, a recently cloned member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, is down-regulated by GCs, offering a possible interpretation for the induction of bone resorption by GCs. GC-induced inhibition of bone resorbing cytokines may contribute to explain the therapeutic actions of GCs in several diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and myeloma. Furthermore, GCs modulate osteoclast recruitment, even if there is no clear explanation for a direct effect of GCs on osteoclastic precursors. Sustained stimulation of matrix degradation by isolated avian osteoclasts incubated with GCs has been reported, as well as cytotoxic effects on osteoclastic cells from neonatal rat long bones.
"Assembly core alignment": Core alignment of de-novo assembled consensus genomes with a global collection of HSV-1 genomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

De novo assembly was performed on the HSV-1 reads using IVA, and contigs were evaluated using the built-in quality tools and with Kraken. to screen for contamination. To analyse our data in a global context, we aligned our de novo assembled contigs along with previously published sequences from around the world to the HSV-1 strain 17 reference genome using parsnp; this restricted the dataset to an alignment of 93,475 common, non-repetitive nucleotide positions including 2,135 parsimony informative sites.
Imaging features and treatment of Caroli disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the radiologic features and treatment of Caroli disease. Methods The radiologic features and clinical data of 9 cases with Caroli disease were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent CT examination, and 6 of the 9 patients also got MRI and MRCP examination. Four patients underwent hepatectomy, I with liver transplantation, and the other 4 with conservative treatment. Results There were 4 cases of type Ⅰ and 5 cases of type Ⅱ. The typical imaging characteristics included saccular dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts, central dot sign and tadpole sign. Hepatectomy and liver transplantation have a good therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of Caroli disease. Conclusions MRI combined with MRCP plays an important role in early diagnosis and classification of Caroli disease, and can be used to evaluate the extent and severity of the disease. Partial Hepatectomy is curative for the localized type of Caroli's disease, and liver transplantation is a good treatment option for patients with advanced Caroli's disease.

Key words:
Caroli disease; Imaging diagnosis; Therapy
Influence of a Biodegradable Synthetic Hydrogel Used as a Guided Bone Regeneration Membrane in Sinus Floor Augmentation

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical, histological,and radiological aspects of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel membraneand the standard collagen membrane in sinus floor augmentationprocedures when the same bone filling material is used.Methods: Fourteen patients (5 men and 9 women) were included in thisprospective cohort study. Twenty sinus floor augmentation surgeries wererandomly divided into two groups: the study group (n=10) and the controlgroup (n=10). An anorganic bovine graft (Bio-Oss®, Geistlich PharmaAG, Switzerland) was used in all patients as the bone-filling material. Asa protective membrane, a collagen membrane (Bio-Gide®, Geistlich PharmaAG, Switzerland) was used in the control group patients, as well as aPEG membrane (Membragel®, Institut Straumann AG, Switzerland) in thestudy group. After 6 months, the samples were collected during implantsite preparation for histopathological evaluation.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between thecontrol and the study groups in the histological examination regardingthe soft-to-hard tissue ratio. There was no statistically significant differencebetween the control and study groups in the resonance frequency analysismeasurements at different times. No postoperative inflammation orexposure of the membrane was observed in any of the patients. The visualanalogue scale scores measured at different times also showed no significantdifference.Conclusion: A PEG membrane can be used as an alternative to a collagenmembrane as a barrier in sinus floor augmentation procedures.
[Retracted] HNF1A‑AS1 promotes growth and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by sponging miR‑214 to upregulate the expression of SOX-4

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the authors' attention by an interested reader that the Transwell invasion assay images in Fig. 3A had been duplicated and re‑presented within the same Figure. Furthermore, the same data were strikingly similar, in spite of their different presentation, to data featured in Fig. 2A of an article appearing in Oncology Research [Gu J, Cui, C‑F, Yang, L, Wang L and Jiang X‑H: Emodin inhibits colon cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway. Oncol Res 27: 193‑202, 2019]. Finally, some of the tumour images featured in Fig. 6A of the above paper were strikingly similar to those featured in several other publications. The Editor asked the authors for an explanation to account for the appearance of strikingly similar data in their paper independently, and they responded to request that the paper be retracted from International Journal of Oncology. All the authors agreed that the article should be retracted. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused.[the original article was published in International Journal of Oncology 51: 657‑667, 2017; DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4034]
A cross-sectional study to assess the cause of present suicide attempt and socio-demographic profile among the suicide attemptees in a tertiary care centre, Bengaluru

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Context: A high suicide rate is an index of social disorganization. In India, it is the second leading cause of death among 15-29 years age group. Young age, female sex, poor education, unemployment and socio economic deprivation are some of the potential risk factors. Aim: To assess the cause of present suicide intent and socio-demographic profile in patients with attempted suicide in a tertiary care centre. Settings and design: Study setting in tertiary care centre, Bengaluru and a Cross-sectional study design. Methods and material: A Cross Sectional Study was conducted among 476 suicide attempted patients by Convenient sampling from January 2016 to May 2017. Data was collected by using a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics if required. Results: Mean age of study participants was 30.65+0.75 years. Most of the suicide victims (82.97%) were from nuclear families.24.57%of study participants had family history of suicide.49.66% of them had a suicidal intent during the past 12 months and only 26.89% of them sought professional help. Conclusion: Suicides and attempted suicides are slowly but steadily assuming the levels of a public health problem caused by multiple factors. Hence there is a need to address the risk factors for suicide attempts and preventing them by taking proper measures at individual, family and societal level.
Austempering of DIN CK50 and DIN 62SiMnCr4 In Molten Lead Bath

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This work aims to study the ability of austempering DIN CK50 and DIN 62SiMnCr4 steels. Both steels were heated to austenitising temperature and then quenched in a molten metal bath (pure lead) at temperature below the nose of the TTT curves for both steels. Results showed that austempering at 350oC and 400oC for 30 and 15 minutes are the best for above steels respectively, where strength was increased. It was also shown that increasing holding (soaking) time decreases both hardness and strength and increasing elongation percentage. Microstructure examination showed that the majority of microstructures obtained from austempering vary from bainite and pearlite and ferrite for carbon steel to a mixture of bainite, retained austenite and martensite for the alloy steel.
Feasibility of a capillary LC/ESI-Q-TOF MS method for the detection of milk allergens in an incurred model food matrix

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The capability of a capillary LC-Q-TOF mass spectrometer system as a qualitative tool for the identification and confirmation of milk allergens in thermally processed food was investigated. Milk powder incurred cookies were produced in-house and chosen as the model food matrix. To unequivocally assess the presence of milk allergens, samples testing positive to ELISA were analysed by a capillary LC-Q-TOF MS/MS method in order to identify specific peptides that can be used as markers for milk allergens. Results show that a-S1 casein was the protein identified with the highest score (in 100 mg g-1 milk powder incurred cookies) and its identity was confirmed by detection of the peptides m/z 692.86 and 634.34 and their specific MS/MS ions providing a fingerprint for a-S1 casein. Besides that, other milk proteins were highlighted by performing database searching. The proteomic MS-based method employing a capillary LC-Q-TOF system proved to be a valuable tool to carry out qualitative and confirmative analysis to trace contamination of milk allergens in processed food matrices.
Risk management in carbon capture and geological storage: insights from a structured expert elicitation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

With a focus on risk management (RM) in injection and storage for \ncarbon capture and geological sequestration (CCS), an expert elicitation of \nscientific judgements quantified collective uncertainty ranges for a number of \ndifficult environmental and human health risk challenges. Results suggest \nsimilarities and differences in opinions, an outcome that may be reflective of \nboth the newness and the complexity of this technology. A suitable monitoring \nperiod was estimated at about a century; however, uncertainty was three orders \nof magnitude, with an upper (5th percentile) value of almost 1,000 years. For \nselected low probability high impact georisks, only site selection and \nmonitoring were considered ‘very’ effective RM options. Monitoring, well \nintegrity studies, emergency response plan, automatic emergency shut down \nsystem and training were considered ‘very’ or ‘extremely’ effective in \nmanaging two risks more directly related to human health. Experts responded \nwith a wide uncertainty spread for a regulated threshold of minor, major and \ncatastrophic leakage. A companion paper discusses elicitation findings for \nissues related to risk assessment.
Florence Farr A “Transitional” Woman

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract When the letters written to Florence Farr by George Bernard Shaw and William Butler Yeats were first published in 1941, the Times Literary Supplement reviewer assumed that she was unknown to a younger generation who probably needed a footnote to identify Shaw’s “Mrs. P.C;’ as Mrs. Patrick Campbell. I Farr had been at the center of the “New Drama” of the 1890s, playing Rebecca West in the first English production of Rosmersholm, Blanche Sartorius in Shaw’s Widower’s House, and Louka (a part written for her) in Arms and the Man. In 1899 she took the role of Aleel, the poet, in the Dublin performance of Yeats’s play The Countess Cathleen. She also wrote, with Olivia Shakespear, two occult plays, The Beloved of Hathor and The Shrine of the Golden Hawk; published several novels and dramas of her own; and was in the early part of the century an active contributor to avant-garde journals such as The New Age and The Mint. But the TLS reviewer of 1942 was surely right in assuming that only an older generation would remember Florence Farr.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Biomarkers of Primary Resistance to Trastuzumab in HER2-Positive Metastatic Gastric Cancer Patients: the AMNESIA Case-Control Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Definition of trastuzumab resistant (A) and trastuzumab sensitive (B) patients according to combined assessment of RECIST response and time to progression to trastuzumab plus cisplatin/fluoropyrimidine induction treatment given for up to 6 cycles and followed by maintenance treatment with trastuzumab alone until disease progression.</p>