jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Variational estimators for the parameters of Gibbs point process models

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a new estimation technique for fitting parametric Gibbs\npoint process models to a spatial point pattern dataset. The technique is a\ncounterpart, for spatial point processes, of the variational estimators for\nMarkov random fields developed by Almeida and Gidas. The estimator does not\nrequire the point process density to be hereditary, so it is applicable to\nmodels which do not have a conditional intensity, including models which\nexhibit geometric regularity or rigidity. The disadvantage is that the\nintensity parameter cannot be estimated: inference is effectively conditional\non the observed number of points. The new procedure is faster and more stable\nthan existing techniques, since it does not require simulation, numerical\nintegration or optimization with respect to the parameters.\n
Management of Truck Loading Weight: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Traffic accidents involving heavy trucks have social and economic effects on society. However, little research has focused on the influence of heavy truck specifications such as weight. Apportioning the maximum permissible gross weight of trucks allows trucking companies/owners to consolidate loads, and therefore reduce the vehicle-kilometres required to collect and distribute a given amount of goods/material. While drivers/managers are responsible for ensuring that trucks are loaded appropriately and in compliance with regulations, some may take chances and overload vehicles. This increases the need for formal and documented inspections, in order to reduce traffic hazards on public roads due to overweight loading. According to a New South Wales Centre for Road Safety report in 2014, crashes involving heavy trucks often result in serious road trauma outcomes. When a heavy truck is involved in a crash, the vehicle mass raises the crash forces involved and hence increases the severity of the crash. Therefore, interventions should be established to mitigate or prevent these crashes from occurring. Currently, weight checks are required for trucks and truck drivers must drive to a weighbridge for a weight check. Since this is a random process, truck drivers may take the risk of driving an over-loaded truck on some occasions. This paper reviews existing studies concerning safe system interventions in relation to truck gross weight management and a framework is presented to effectively manage truck loading weight. The result may be a reduction of injuries and fatalities involving heavy trucks.
LHD CHD_L_I_01 #187360.4 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 4-O port camera, where ROI is (624,542) - (672,594) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
The effects on the phonological processing skills of disabled readers of participating in direct instruction reading programs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis examines the effects of phonics-emphasis Direct Instruction reading programs on the phonological processes of students with teacher-identified reading problems in nine northern and western Melbourne primary schools. The students (131 males and 75 females, mean age 9.7 years, standard deviation 1.2 years) were assigned to the treatment condition or to wait-list comparison groups. Based on the results of a program placement test of rate and accuracy, students were assigned to one of two entry points into the Corrective Reading program (A, B1). The students in the intervention group received 60-65 lessons (in groups of five to ten students) from teachers at their schools, or, for some students, at a resource centre for surrounding schools. An additional study, with younger (mean age 8.8 years) less advanced readers involved a similar design and teaching approach. The pr ogram, Teach Your Child to Read in 100 Easy Lessons, was presented to thirteen students in two settings. When compared with a similar cohort of wait-list students, the students in each program made statistically significant and educationally important gains in such phonologically-based processes as word attack, phonemic awareness, and spelling; and, statistically significant gains, of at least moderate effect size, in phonological recoding in lexical access and phonological recoding in working memory. A further question involved the prediction (from pretest scores) of those students who would not make progress in word attack solely from the reading programs. In this thesis, only the presence or absence of the reading programs predicted improvement in word attack. The studies in this thesis contribute to the long-standing debate on how best to ensure that children learn to read; to the understanding of the relationship between phonemic awareness and reading; to an understanding of the effects of the current system on at-risk children; and, how additional or alternative approaches more attuned to the findings of reading research may improve the effectiveness of the system.
Decision Making in the Surgical Management of Invasive Breast Cancer-Part 1: Lumpectomy, Mastectomy, and Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several prospective randomized clinical trials conducted internationally have proven the safety and survival equivalence of breast-conserving surgery compared with mastectomy. Adjuvant radiation is routinely recommended following lumpectomy surgery to minimize the risk of local recurrence. Comprehensive breast imaging (including bilateral mammography with diagnostic views and ultrasound evaluation), in addition to clinical examination, is essential to rule out potential contralateral pathology and to optimally characterize the extent of disease. These studies are considered standard in the assessment of patient eligibility for lumpectomy. MRI of the breast remains controversial as an adjunct to determine candidacy for breast conservation, since MRI findings increase mastectomy rates without evidence of improved local control; prospective randomized clinical trials are underway to define the role of MRI in newly diagnosed breast cancer. Recently, the multidisciplinary oncology community has adopted a consensus guideline defining "no ink on tumor" as an acceptable microscopic margin at lumpectomy; however, post-lumpectomy imaging may be necessary to confirm complete removal of all cancer-associated microcalcifications, with clinical judgment exercised regarding re-excision for close margins. Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy is becoming increasingly common in the United States, and patients considering this option must be counseled about its lack of a survival benefit, its higher complication rate, and the fact that it is risk-reducing but not risk-eliminating.
Professional Development for EMI Faculty in Mexico: The Case of Bilingual, International, and Sustainable Universities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"Despite Mexico's implementation of a bilingual model in its tertiary education programmes, this book is the first contribution to knowledge regarding EMI in Mexico. The author introduces readers to the Mexican higher education context before providing detailed information regarding the technological and polytechnic subsystem, where EMI has been implemented since 2012. The volume details a pilot and case study conducted in Mexican universities as well as the research findings and conclusions. It closes with recommendations, as well as suggestions for further research. The book explores the implications for the continuous professional development and training for lecturers in the current shift to EMI in Bilingual, International, and Sustainable (BIS) universities. This volume will be of particular interest to researchers in EMI and bilingualism"--
Local adaptation strategies in semi-arid regions: study of two villages in Karnataka, India

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Rural people in India, particularly farmers, are exposed to climate variability and risk, which is likely to increase due to climate change. This study assessed current adaptation strategies adopted by rural households in two dryland villages of Bagepalli Block, Chikballapur district, Karnataka, in southern India. The adequacy of adaptation strategies was also assessed. The study showed that rural households, and farmers in particular, adopted several practices to cope with current climate risks which include irrigation provisioning (depending on groundwater), shifting cropping pattern (to more resilient but low economically valued crops and varieties), mixed cropping, agroforestry (as a long-term strategy), diversified livestock holdings, and reliance on government development programmes. The adaptation measures also included leaving croplands fallow, sale of assets such as livestock and trees, and migration. Current climate-related responses to agricultural distress are not adequate to cope with even existing climate risks. This further indicates that rural households may not be able to cope with increasing climate variability and climate change. Thus, there is an urgent need to better understand current adaptation strategies and to enhance resilience, and to develop structured adaptation strategies to cope with the risks associated with current and long-term climate change.
Impact of Methods of Administering Growth-Stage Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Soil Water Balance of a Maize Crop (SAMAS TZEE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSRACT: Field experiments were conducted in 2009/10 and 2010/11 irrigation seasons at the Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru Zaria, to assess the impact of two methods of administering Growth-stage deficit irrigation scheduling (GSDIS) on yield and soil water balance of an early maturing maize variety. The two methods include reducing water application depth at selected crop growth stages and skipping regular irrigation interval at selected crop growth stages. The test crop was SAMAS TZEE early maturing maize variety. Grain yield, biomass yield, harvest index, seasonal water applied, evapotranspiration and deep percolation and crop water productivity were determined. Grain and biomass yields ranged from 2.12 to 3.01 t/ha and 7.57 to 10.0t/ha, respectively, while seasonal evapotranspiration varied from 366 to 486.8 mm across the seasons. This study reveal that at vegetative growth stage of the maize crop, it is better to skip weekly irrigation (to irrigation every other week) and apply water to meet full water requirement than to maintain regular weekly irrigation but apply water at half water requirement. A grain filling to maturity stage, it is more advantageous to reduce irrigation water application by half water requirement than to skip weekly irrigation. Grain yield, biomass yield and seasonal evapotranspiration from such scheduling were not significantly different from that which received weekly irrigation throughout the crop growing season. Moreover, the productivity of water applied was higher while water loss to deep percolation was drastically reduced.
The Malady of Awareness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As with the interpretation of Dickens as a seer who identified specific disorders before they were known to science, it's possible to find social anxiety disorder dramatized in the literature of the past if only you're committed to finding it, selective in the handling of evidence, and indifferent to anachronism. A candidate is Dostoevsky's Underground Man, a soliloquist for whom other people seem to be torture, and who confesses, "My whole life I've somehow looked sideways and never been able to look people straight in the eye."1KeywordsCast IronSocial AnxietySocial Anxiety DisorderYoung DoctorDepressed PersonThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A Survey of Load Balancing Algorithms using VM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cloud Computing is an emerging computing paradigm. It aims to share data, calculations, and service transparently over a scalable network of nodes. Since Cloud computing stores the data and disseminated resources in the open environment. So, the amount of data storage increases quickly. In the cloud storage, load balancing is a key issue. It would consume a lot of cost to maintain load information, since the system is too huge to timely disperse load. Load balancing is one of the main challenges in cloud computing which is required to distribute the dynamic workload across multiple nodes to ensure that no single node is overwhelmed. It helps in optimal utilization of resources and hence in enhancing the performance of the system. A few existing scheduling algorithms can maintain load balancing and provide better strategies through efficient job scheduling and resource allocation techniques as well. In order to gain maximum profits with optimized load balancing algorithms, it is necessary to utilize resources efficiently. The main aim of this paper is to discuss some of the existing load balancing algorithms in cloud computing environment.
BFTrainer: Low-Cost Training of Neural Networks on Unfillable Supercomputer Nodes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Supercomputer FCFS-based scheduling policies result in many transient idle nodes, a phenomenon that is only partially alleviated by backfill scheduling methods that promote small jobs to run before large jobs. Here we describe how to realize a novel use for these otherwise wasted resources, namely, deep neural network (DNN) training. This important workload is easily organized as many small fragments that can be configured dynamically to fit essentially any node*time hole in a supercomputer's schedule. We describe how the task of rescaling suitable DNN training tasks to fit dynamically changing holes can be formulated as a deterministic mixed integer linear programming (MILP)-based resource allocation algorithm, and show that this MILP problem can be solved efficiently at run time. We show further how this MILP problem can be adapted to optimize for administrator- or user-defined metrics. We validate our method with supercomputer scheduler logs and different DNN training scenarios, and demonstrate efficiencies of up to 93% compared with running the same training tasks on dedicated nodes. Our method thus enables substantial supercomputer resources to be allocated to DNN training with no impact on other applications.
Dual Use of a Biopolymer From Durian (Durio zibethinus) Seed as a Nutrient Source and Stabilizer for Spray Dried Lactobacillus Plantarum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The search for natural and sustainable biopolymers is increasing. Biopolymers are used in applications, such as to encapsulate and stabilize probiotic bacteria. Currently, this process requires many steps, including the separation of bacteria from the culture media after fermentation, which is energy intensive. In this study, we developed a strategy to use a natural biopolymer from durian seed, durian seed gum (DSG), to address these issues. DSG was used to serve dual roles, firstly as a nutrient source, and secondly as an encapsulating agent. DSG was used in synergy with reconstituted skim milk (RSM), to be a complete nutrient source, for probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum). Usually RSM requires supplementation, with costly yeast extract. DSG was characterized to be a suitable nutrient source as it contains polysaccharides, organic acids, amino acids and fatty acids. In the presence of DSG and RSM, the growth of L. plantarum increased from 8.73 log CFU/mL to 13.86 log CFU/mL, at the end of 72 h. In comparison, when grown with commercial gum arabic (GA) and RSM, growth of L. plantarum reached a lower 11.49 log CFU/mL at 72 h. Metabolomics revealed that several metabolites, including lactose, depleted after fermentation, in the DSG and RSM treatment group, as compared to GA and RSM treatment group. This suggested that glycolysis were up regulated. This correlated with the increased growth, lactic acid, malic acid and fatty acids production by L. plantarum when it was grown on DSG and RSM. Next, the entire culture of L. plantarum with DSG and RSM was taken for spray drying, without the need to separate the bacteria from the culture media. DSG and RSM was able to stabilize L. plantarum, to remain viable at 10 log CFU/g after storage for 10 weeks. On the other hand, the viability was 8.8 log CFU/g when L. plantarum was spray dried with GA and RSM. This study demonstrated an innovative process and low-cost strategy to produce spray dried probiotic powder. DSG could be a potential low cost and sustainable replacement for GA, to develop other functional foods.
Weak Localization and Light Scattering from Disordered Solids

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report the first observation of weak localizations effects in light scattering by a disordered solid. For a diffuse solid scatterer we predict and observe (i) multiple backscattering speckle, (ii) a coherent backscattered peak remaining after removal of this speckle by ensemble averaging, and (iii) speckle statistics which differ from those for single scattering. Computer simulations based upon the theoretical equations yield results in good agreement with experiment.
Dose-dependent responses to canonical Wnt transcriptional complexes in the regulation of mammalian nephron progenitors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT In vivo and in vitro studies argue that concentration-dependent Wnt signaling regulates mammalian nephron progenitor cell (NPC) programs. Canonical Wnt signaling is regulated through the stabilization of β-catenin, a transcriptional co-activator when complexed with Lef/Tcf DNA-binding partners. Using the GSK3β inhibitor CHIR99021 (CHIR) to block GSK3β-dependent destruction of β-catenin, we examined dose-dependent responses to β-catenin in mouse NPCs, using mRNA transduction to modify gene expression. Low CHIR-dependent proliferation of NPCs was blocked on β-catenin removal, with evidence of NPCs arresting at the G2-M transition. While NPC identity was maintained following β-catenin removal, mRNA-seq identified low CHIR and β-catenin dependent genes. High CHIR activated nephrogenesis. Nephrogenic programming was dependent on Lef/Tcf factors and β-catenin transcriptional activity. Molecular and cellular features of early nephrogenesis were driven in the absence of CHIR by a mutated stabilized form of β-catenin. Chromatin association studies indicate low and high CHIR response genes are likely direct targets of canonical Wnt transcriptional complexes. Together, these studies provide evidence for concentration-dependent Wnt signaling in the regulation of NPCs and provide new insight into Wnt targets initiating mammalian nephrogenesis.
Novel chemical-based approaches for biofilm cleaning and disinfection

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Biofilm formation plays a critical concern in the food processing industry due to potential environmental, economic, and food spoilage impacts. To maintain microbial safe levels, a sanitation process, comprising cleaning and disinfection steps, needs to be periodically performed. Biocide treatment for surface disinfection is the most widely applied strategy. Owing to the critical failure of current sanitation processes, the microbial persistence on surfaces, and the events of resistance and cross-resistance, the search for new effective antimicrobial strategies is emerging. This review aims to provide an overview of emerging strategies for biofilm prevention/control, as alternatives to current cleaning and disinfecting agents. Specifically, the use of antimicrobial peptides, biosurfactants, bacteriophages, essential oils, extracellular polymeric substances, matrix-degrading enzymes, and nanoparticles as alternative strategies for biofilm control in the food industry was revised, focusing on their main applications, advantages, and limitations. Combinatory approaches were critically assessed for allowing a personalized and specific attack of microbial contaminations, which may have a significant relevance in improving biofilm control while reducing the environmental impact from the use of conventional biocides.
Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia -- Unveiling a New Hormone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Phosphate plays a critical part in the regulation of cell metabolism, and phosphate homeostasis is closely regulated in normal humans. Indeed, like serum calcium, serum phosphate is maintained within a narrow range of values, and people with abnormal concentrations may have a predisposition to life-threatening conditions, such as hemolysis, myopathy, hypocalcemia, and nephrocalcinosis.The principal organ that regulates phosphate homeostasis is the kidney. Regulation is accomplished partly through variation in glomerular filtration of phosphate but primarily through variation in renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate. These variations are detectable within 24 hours after a change in dietary phosphate intake and even . . .
Taiga Landscape Degradation Evidenced by Indigenous Observations and Remote Sensing

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Siberian taiga is subject to intensive logging and natural resource exploitation, which promote the proliferation of informal roads: trails and unsurfaced service roads neither recognized nor maintained by the government. While transportation development can improve connectivity between communities and urban centers, new roads also interfere with Indigenous subsistence activities. This study quantifies Land-Cover and Land-Use Change (LCLUC) in Irkutsk Oblast, northwest of Lake Baikal. Observations from LCLUC are used in spatial autocorrelation analysis with roads to identify and examine major drivers of transformations of social–ecological–technological systems. Spatial analysis results are informed by interviews with local residents and Indigenous Evenki, local development history, and modern industrial and political actors. A comparison of relative changes observed within and outside Evenki-administered lands (obshchina) was also conducted. The results illustrate: (1) the most persistent LCLUC is related to change from coniferous to peatland (over 4% of decadal change); however, during the last decade, extractive and infrastructure development have become the major driver of change leading to conversion of 10% of coniferous forest into barren land; (2) anthropogenic-driven LCLUC in the area outside obshchina lands was three times higher than within during the980s and 1990s and more than 1.5 times higher during the following decades.