jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bendiocarb resistance and,<em>kdr</em>associated deltamethrin and DDT resistance in <em>Anopheles gambiae s.l.</em> populations from North Eastern Adamawa State, Nigeria

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Timely and consistent insecticide resistance monitoring efforts are required for early planning of management strategies. Here, we present the first report on bendiocarb, deltamethrin and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) insecticide resistance in <em>Anopheles gambiae s.l. </em>populations from Adamawa, North Eastern Nigeria. Mosquitoes reared from larval collections were exposed to DDT (4%), bendiocarb (0.1%) and deltamethrin (0.05%) insecticides using standard WHO test kits and protocols. Species-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assays were used to determine the sibling species composition of the exposed mosquitoes while allele-specific PCR was used for <em>kdr </em>genotyping in the mosquitoes that survived after insecticide exposure. Mosquito populations from all the four study sites in Vimtim, Imburu, Muchala and Bachure were resistant (≤ 87% mortality) to DDT and deltamethrin insecticides. Mosquito populations exposed to bendiocarb showed suspected resistance in Vimtim and Imburu study sites and confirmed resistance in Muchala and Bachure sites respectively. Mosquitoes alive after deltamethrin, DDT and bendiocarb exposures were identified predominantly as <em>An. coluzzii </em>species (78.5 - 92%) compared to <em>An. gambiae s.s </em>(5.3 - 11%) and <em>An. arabiensis </em>(0 - 10.1%). All the 22 <em>kdr </em>positive mosquitoes collected were identified as <em>An. coluzzii. </em>Percentage occurrence of <em>kdr </em>alleles in the mosquito populations alive after deltamethrin and DDT exposures were 30% and 25% respectively. <em>An. coluzzii </em>(≥ 63%) was the predominant species identified in each study site compared to <em>An. gambiae sensu stricto </em>(<em>s.s</em>) (≤ 20%) and <em>An. arabiensis </em>(≤ 17.4%) species. The results of <em>kdr </em>associated pyrethroid resistance is a potential threat to the effectiveness of the currently deployed deltamethrin-impregnated bed-net campaigns in Adamawa state. Evidence of bendiocarb carbamate resistance also implies potential ineffectiveness of future bendiocarb Indoor Residual Spraying. The involvement of metabolic resistance mechanisms in the mosquitoes from these study sites should be investigated for proper insecticide resistance management.
Characteristics of an optically pumped titanium vapor laser

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Characteristics of an optically pumped titanium vapor laser have been investigated on the 3d2 4s(4P)4p 3D01−3d3(4F)4Rs 3F2 transition at 551.4 nm. An excimer laser of 14 mJ/pulse for vaporization and an N2 laser of 5 mJ/pulse for optical pumping are employed. The laser output energy is measured as a function of buffer gas pressure, delay time, output mirror reflectivity, pumping laser intensity, and vaporizing laser intensity. The possibility of lasing on the other transitions is also discussed.
Dynamic biochemical reaction process analysis and pathway modification predictions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recently, the area of model predictive modification of biochemical pathways has received attention with the aim to increase the productivity of microbial systems. In this study, we present a generalization of previous work, where, using a sensitivity study over the fermentation as a dynamic system, the optimal selection of reaction steps for modification (amplification or attenuation) is determined. The influence of metabolites in the activity of enzymes has also been considered (through activation or inhibition). We further introduce a new concept in the dynamic modeling of biochemical reaction systems including a generalized continuous superstructure in which two artificial multiplicative terms are included to account for: (a) enzyme overexpression or underexpression (attenuation or amplification) for the whole enzyme pool; and (b) modification of the apparent order of a kinetic expression with respect to the concentration of a metabolite or any subset of metabolites participating in the pathway. This new formulation allows the prediction of the sensitivity of the pathway performance index (objective function) with respect to the concentration of the enzyme, as well as the interaction of the enzyme with other metabolites. Using this framework, a case study for the production of penicillin V is analyzed, obtaining the most sensitive reaction steps (or bottlenecks) and the most significant regulations of the system, due to the effect of concentration of intracellular metabolites on the activity of each enzyme.
User’s hazard perception of warning components: an examination of colors and symbols

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined color and symbol hazard ratings among parlicipants whose primary language was English and who were monolingual. Participants rated perceived hazards of ten ANSI safety colors and six symbols. RED, followed by YELLOW, BLACK, and ORANGE, were given the highest hazard ratings. The skull; prohibition (circle-slash), and the shock symbols produced the top three hazard ratings. The results of this study were compared to a previous study by Wogaher et al. (1997) which examined hazard ratings among participants whose primary langoagc was Spanish Comparisons supported general similarities between certain color and symbol hazard ratings among Spanish and English language users. lNTRODUCTlON Given the increasing globalizalion of product markets, the need to develop warning labels thal can be read and comprehended by users with diverse reading and language abilities has increased substantially. Over 32 million people in the United States are bilingual (routinely use two or more languages; Bialyslok &amp; Hakuta, 1994), which
CHANGES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS, IFN-?? PRODUCTION CAPACITY AND GENE EXPRESSION FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH THE JAK-3 INHIBITOR CP-690,550 IN STABLE RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Yamaura, Kazuhiro; Izawa, Atsushi; Albin, Monica J; Jurewicz, Mollie; Tanaka, Katsunori; Clarkson, Michael R; Ueno, Takuya; Sayegh, Mohamed H; Najafian, Nader Author Information
System level optimization in wireless networks with uncertain customer arrival rates

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We consider a system-level approach to interference management in a cellular broadband system operating in an interference-limited and highly dynamic regime, as put forth. Here, base stations in neighboring cells (partially) coordinate their transmission schedules in an attempt to avoid simultaneous transmission to their mutual cell edge. Limits on communication overhead and use of the backhaul require base station coordination to occur at a slower time scale than the arriving customers. Depending on the overhead restrictions, the slower time scale could be on the scale of minutes or even hours. Thus base stations coordinate using only the statistics of customer arrival, while they serve users based on the actual realizations. The central challenge is to properly structure coordination decisions at the slow time scale, as these subsequently restrict the actions of each base station until the next coordination period. A further challenge comes from the fact that over longer coordination intervals, the statistics of the arriving customers, e.g., the load, may themselves vary or be only approximately known. Indeed, we show through simulation that while the approach is effective for a broad range of arriving load, performance rapidly degrades as the variation of the arriving load from the nominal (or assured) arriving load grows. We show this is true even when the variations are neutral, namely when the aggregate load is fixed, but there are local variations. In this paper we show that a two-stage robust optimization framework is a natural way to model two time-scale decision problems. We provide tractable formulations for the base- station coordination problem, and show that our formulation is robust to fluctuations (uncertainties) in the arriving load. This tolerance to load fluctuation also serves to reduce the need for frequent re-optimization across base stations, thus helping minimize the communication overhead required for system level interference reduction. Building in robustness to load variation comes at the potential cost of somewhat degraded performance when variations happen to be very small. Our robust optimization formulations are flexible, allowing us to control the conservatism of the solution. Our simulations show that we can build in robustness without significant degradation of nominal performance.
Ward Pound Ridge Reservation Park

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Ward Pound Ridge Reservation (WPRR) is a forested public park, owned and operated by the Westchester County Department of Parks, Recreation, and Conservation. WPRR was acquired and created by the Westchester County Parks Commission in 1925 for camping and outdoor activities, similar to New York State Park areas in the Catskills and the Adirondacks, and was to be held as a great forest preserve (Herr and Kohl 2013, Pessoni 1995).
Experimental investigation of AQSOA type zeolite and water based adsorption chiller

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In recent attempts to reduce of global warming, potentials technology has ventured into greener alternatives to substitute the existing vapour compression refrigeration system that is prevalent in today’s world. Unlike the conventional vapour compression refrigeration system which harms the environment, adsorption refrigeration potentially provides a positive outlook on the global warming problem as it uses environmentally friendly adsorbate and renewable energy or waste heat as the driving heat source. This study targets to examine the adsorption refrigeration using zeolite-water as its working pair in place of the commonly used silica gel-water working pair. This study was conducted on the chiller with a water heater of 100KW as heat source that provides the hot water, a 10KW water heater that was used to simulate the cooling load and a cooling tower that provided the cooling water to the system. Performance of the systems will be measured in COP and cooling capacity. Temperatures will be varied, recorded and be used in conjunction with other parameters to calculate the performance results of the adsorption chiller. Results of the zeolite-water working pair will be used to compare with silica-gel-water working pair. This comparison study will then display the behavioral differences of COP and cooling capacity of the system.
Improved Synthesis of Optically Active Ipsdienol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In our preceding publication a simple procedure \nwas described for the preparation of both enantiomers \nof monoterpene alcohol ipsdienol 1, an actual \npheromone component of bark beetle of genus Ips. The \nkey synthesis stage was the resolution of the direct \nprecursor of the ipsdienol, (±)-6-methyl-2-(2- \nchloroethyl)hepta-1,5-dien-4-ol by its conversion into \nacid phthalate and the crystallization of the acid \nphthalate as salt with (+)- or (–)-1-phenylethylamine. \nThen the optically active acid phthalates (S)-2 and (R)- \n2 were treated with potassium tert-butylate in tertbutyl \nalcohol. By the dehydrochlorination and the \nsimultaneous alcoholysis of the ester moiety in one \nstage (S)- or (R)-ipsdienol was obtained in a 55% yield.
Infant company protection in the German semi-synthetic fibre industry: Market power, technology, the Nazi government and the post-1945 world market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In the 1920 and early 1930s, the German semi-synthetic fibre industry was dominated by a duopoly of two big players. The incumbent firms were not willing to expand their staple fibre capacities to the extent demanded by the new Nazi government, which prepared for autarky and war. Hence the government encouraged other private companies, especially spinning mills, to found eight regional staple fibre plants and protected them against the incumbents who were technologically superior. The Nazis’ infant company protection policy enabled the ­newcomers to become competitive both in economic and technological terms within a few years. After the war and without protection, these firms flourished on the world market. While the big players left the market, two of the newcomers founded in the second half of the 1930s are today the last European producers of staple fibre. We analyse in detail why companies founded for protectionist reasons by a non-benign government became successful firms competing on the world market.
Abstract 45: Vwf Inhibitor Lyses Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion After 6 Hours Of Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the leading cause of combined morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the only FDA-approved drug to treat AIS, however, it is limited to treating patients within 4.5 hours of stroke onset because of the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. This limits rtPA administration to ~6% of patients. Moreover, it poorly lyses large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke. Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (MT) effectively recanalizes LVO but is limited to highly specialized hospitals, leaving the majority without acute therapy. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that targeted von Willebrand Factor (VWF) inhibition by DTRI-031 will recanalize arterial thrombosis in a canine model of LVO stroke, and DTRI-031 activity will be rapidly reversed by DTRI-025, which is specifically designed to inhibit DTRI-031. Methods: Utilizing a canine embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO) model of LVO stroke, we assessed DTRI-031 on vessel recanalization after 6 hours of LVO stroke by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). We also measured the effect of recanalization on infarct volume (efficacy) and hemorrhage (safety) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Finally, we assessed the ability of DTRI-025, an oligonucleotide that binds DTRI-031 to reverse DTRI-031 activity. Results: DTRI-031 administration after 6 hours of LVO stroke resulted in ≥TICI 2A in 62.5% and ≥TICI 2B in 50% of canines (n=8). The negative control group demonstrated no revascularization (n=7). Recanalization resulted in reduced infarct volume compared to the negative control (p<0.05, unpaired t-test). None of the animals that received DTRI-031 had an intracranial hemorrhage on MRI. Finally, DTRI-025 completely reversed the activity of DTRI-031 within 5 minutes of administration in both whole blood impedance aggregometry (WBA) and PFA-100. There was no difference in heart rate, blood pressure, or temperature among the 3 groups studied. Conclusion: DTRI-031 effectively recanalizes LVO after 6 hours of stroke onset with reduced infarct volume and no incidence of hemorrhage. DTRI-025 rapidly reverses DTRI-031. This drug/reversal agent combination represents a robust yet safe approach to treat AIS.
How to Translate Economic Activity into Freight Transportation?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper, the relationship between the amount of transported goods and economic activities by industries is investigated. \nUsing historical EUROSTAT supply-use tables for Germany, we developed an economic indicator with which the \ninterdependency between 59 industries (NACE classified) their 59 products (CPA classified) and the amount of 24 types of \ntransported goods (NST/R classified) can be shown. In the results, we can observe a strong interdependency between the majority \nof the transported goods and the developed economic indicator. This enables us to explain statistically about 91% of the amount \nof the transported goods by economic activity in Germany. Therefore we can state that the developed indicator is suited to \ntranslate economic activity into freight transportation. On the one hand, the findings might contribute to the coupling/decoupling \ndiscussion. Using the developed indicator we see how coupled the transport volume to economic development really is. On the \nother hand, the outcome and the developed economic indicator are highly relevant for the freight modelling community because \nthe proper translation of economic activity into freight transportation is still a challenge. Models without an explicit freight \ngeneration module can use the economic indicator to derive the transport demand from economic development. Models with an \nadvanced freight generation approach such as SCGE or MRIO can use the method to obtain a control variable for their model \noutcomes.
Photosynthesis and photosystem 2 efficiency of two salt-adapted halophytic seashore Cakile maritima ecotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of salinity (0-400 mM NaCl, marked S0, S100, S200, and S400) on growth, photosynthesis, photosystem 2 (PS2) efficiency, ion relations, and pigment contents were studied in two seashore Cakile maritima ecotypes (Tabarka and Jerba, respectively, sampled from humid and arid bioclimatic areas). Growth of Jerba plants was improved at S100 as compared to S0. Tabarka growth was inhibited by salinity at all NaCl concentrations. Leaf sodium and chloride concentrations increased with medium salinity and were higher in Jerba than in Tabarka plants. Chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance (g s), and intracellular CO2 concentration were stimulated at moderate salinity (S100) in Jerba plants and inhibited at higher salt concentrations in both ecotypes: g s was the most reduced parameter. The maximum quantum efficiency of PS2 (Fv/Fm), quantum yield, linear electron transport rate, and efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PS2 reaction centres showed no significant changes with increasing salt concentration in Jerba plant and were decreased in Tabarka subjected to S400. However, the efficiency of dissipation of excess photon energy in the PS2 antenna was maintained in Jerba and was increased in Tabarka plants challenged with S400. Hence the relative salt tolerance of Jerba was associated with a better ability to use Na+ and Cl- for osmotic adjustment, the absence of pigment degradation, and the concomitant PS2 protection from photodamage.
[Repair of the dura mater in children using xenogenic pericardium].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors report their five-year experience with the use of xenogenic calf pericardium for plastic operations of the cerebral and spinal dura mater which they introduced into neurosurgical practice in 1983. Of 165 grafts they selected 50 which they used in children for the plastic operation of the dura mater above the posterior cranial fossa, above the convexity of the brain and at the skull base. The xenogenic pericardium proved successful and resolved also the shortage of allogenic collagenous tissues (fascia lata, dura mater) used for plastic operations of the dura mater. Moreover, due to its resistance it achieved priority in some indications and localizations. When used, certain conditions must be met to ensure satisfactory incorporation (suitable size, intradural submersion, careful suture).
Trials of Oral Streptomycin for Infants with Non-specific Gastroenteritis: II. Trials at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hackney

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

STREPTOMYCIN FOR INFANTILE GASTROENTERITIS. 4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICALJONA the opinion that this drug assists the recovery from gastroenteritis even if only by its effect in reducing secondary infection.From this trial of oral streptomycin it must be con- cluded that the drug did not influence the course of the disease any more or any less favourably than the treat- ment given to the control group.Streptomycin given by mouth has the disadvantages that it readily produces resistant strains of or.anisms and that, not being absorbed, it does not incidentally control secondary infection.There appears, therefore, to be no reason to prefer oral streptomycin to sulphadiazine in the treat- ment of non-specific gastroenteritis. SummaryFrom the gastroenteritis unit in Edinburgh 24 cases of non-specific infantile gastroenteritis treated with oral strepto- mycin are compared with a control series receiving no oral antibiotics.Clinical and bacteriological studies are reported.The streptomycin-treated cases did not show better clinical progress than the control cases.
The MACHO Project LMC Variable Star Inventory: X. The R Coronae Borealis Stars

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report the discovery of eight new R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using the MACHO project photometry database. The discovery of these new stars increases the number of known RCB stars in the LMC to thirteen. We have also discovered four stars similar to the Galactic variable DY Per. These stars decline much more slowly and are cooler than the RCB stars. The absolute luminosities of the Galactic RCB stars are unknown since there is no direct measurement of the distance to any Galactic RCB star. Hence, the importance of the LMC RCB stars. We find a much larger range of absolute magnitudes (M(V) = -2.5 to -5 mag) than inferred from the small pre-MACHO sample of LMC RCB stars. It is likely that there is a temperature - M(V)relationship with the cooler stars being intrinsically fainter. Cool (~5000 K) RCB stars are much more common than previously thought based on the Galactic RCB star sample. Using the fairly complete sample of RCB stars discovered in the MACHO fields, we have estimated the likely number of RCB stars in the Galaxy to be ~3,200. The SMC MACHO fields were also searched for RCB stars but none were found.
Properties of the LHD plasmas with a large island—super dense core plasma and island healing

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In local island (m/n = 1/1) divertor discharges in the large helical device a stable super dense core plasma develops when a series of pellets are injected. A core region with a density as high as 4.6 × 1020 m−3 and a temperature of 0.85 keV is maintained by an internal diffusion barrier with a very high density gradient. In a study of island dynamics, we find that an externally imposed large island (m/n = 1/1) as large as 15% of the minor radius is healed when beta at the island exceeds a critical value.
Shape memory effect of dehydrochlorinated crosslinked poly(vinyl chloride)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Crosslinked poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) samples with various extent of dehydrochlorination x , exhibiting a shape memory effect, were prepared. In order to determine the optimal structure for the shape memory effect, electron microscopy, dilatometry, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermal conductivity and tensile strength measurements were performed. The extremum of all the measured physical properties was found for the sample with x = 12%, corresponding to the optimal structure. The characteristic parameters of the expansion process were calculated from the fits of the experimental data. The extremum was qualitatively predicted by simplified quantum chemical models of a double PVC chain using the semiempirical AMI method. The generalized zip mechanism of CPVC dehydrochlorination might explain the extremum due to mutual chain reorientation with increasing x .