jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pressure Relief and Permeability Enhancement with Carbon Dioxide Phase Transition Blasting: Fracture, Seepage, and Practice

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Coal seams are generally characterized by high pressure, low permeability, and strong adsorption in China. Moreover, carbon dioxide phase transition blasting (CDPTB) is an effective way to achieve pressure relief and permeability enhancement in high-gas pressure coal seams. Multiple fractures can be created in the coal body by CDPTB due to its characteristics of having a great impact stress and high energy efficiency. To determine the dual characteristics of coal fracturing and seepage after CDPTB, this paper developed a fluid solid coupling programme based on CDPTB cracking and permeability enhancement, which unifies the fracture and seepage of CDPTB. FLAC was used to determine the distribution characteristics of the stresses and fractures caused by CDPTB. The results showed fracture propagation from the initial fracture to multiple additional fractures or the main fractures over time. Then, the fractures were introduced into COMSOL software to simulate the characteristics of the gas flow field. The main fracture forms an effective channel for gas flow, which greatly reduces the gas pressure in coal. The successful application of CDPTB in the field induced the increase in the gas drainage effect by 10-20 times.
Job Satisfaction and Burnout Levels of Home Care Nurses in Turkey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Owing to the nature of their jobs, nurses all over the world experience burnout. The aim of this descriptive and correlational study was to describe the job characteristics, job satisfaction and burnout levels of home care nurses, and to predict what factors contributed to their job satisfaction and burnout levels. The study population consisted of 80 nurses working in home care units. Of them, 71 participated in the study. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Minnesota Satisfaction Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used. Of the participants, 85.9 per cent were female, 56.4 per cent had a bachelor’s degree, and 46.5 per cent were employed in the public sector, 36.6 per cent in municipalities and 16.9 per cent in the private sector. The results revealed that their burnout levels for emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment were high, and moderate for depersonalisation. Perceived work-related stress was more associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation than with work satisfaction. Home healthcare nurses were suffering from high levels of burnout. Interventions are needed to improve job satisfaction, to reduce the burden of burnout among nurses, and to prevent them from leaving their jobs and retiring earlier.
Combined Treatment With Nicotinamide and Desferrioxamine Prevents Islet Allograft Destruction in NOD Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice get spontaneous diabetes with clinical and pathological manifestations similar to those seen in human type I diabetes. NOD mice will destroy transplants of treated allogeneic islet tissue by a recurrence of the disease process that destroyed the original islet tissue. This may be prevented by treatment of the animals with combined desferrioxamine and nicotinamide. Transplanted animals become normoglycemic and remain so for the duration of the treatment. This suggests that oxygen-derived free radicals may be involved in islet damage in spontaneous diabetes.
Factors associated with hospitalization of children with acute odontogenic infections

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to compare the sociodemographic and clinical features of odontogenic infections between hospitalized and nonhospitalized children and to show what were the risk factors in children that could predict the course of odontogenic infection and indicate the need for hospital treatment. The design of our study was of the case-control type. The two study groups consisted of 70 inpatients and 35 outpatients with odontogenic infections who were treated at Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Department of Maxillofacial Surgery at Clinical Center in Kragujevac, Serbia. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected retrospectively from patients' hospital records. The following characteristics were significantly associated with hospital treatment of children with acute odontogenic infection: living in a village (OR =7.26,[1.43-36.96]), multi-spatial infection (OR =0.04, [0.00-0.91]), and affection of upper face (OR = 0.01, [0.00-0.86]). Tooth extraction was important intervention in the treatment regimen and reduced frequency of hospitalization (OR=0.07, [0.01-0.70]). The differences between hospitalized and non-hospitalized children were not significant in regard to: ethnicity, employment of parents, anatomical region of infection, side of the facial infection, source of infection (posterior or anterior deciduous or permanent teeth), and treatment (drainage and incision, oral or parenteral antibiotics). In children with acute odontogenic infection it is necessary to do tooth extraction in timely manner, especially if the source of infection is tooth from upper jaw and if it is multi-spatial infection.
Population receptive field changes in hV5/MT+ of healthy subjects with simulated visual field scotomas

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

An important question is whether the adult visual cortex is able to reorganize in subjects with visual field defects (scotomas) as a result of retinal or cortical lesions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods provide a useful tool to study the population receptive field (pRF) properties and assess the capacity of the human visual cortex to reorganize following injury. However, these methods are prone to biases near the boundaries of the scotoma. Retinotopic changes resembling reorganization have been observed in the early visual cortex of normal subjects when the visual stimulus is masked to simulate retinal or cortical scotomas. It is not known how the receptive fields of higher visual areas, like hV5/MT+, are affected by partial stimulus deprivation. Here, we measured responses in human area V5/MT+ in five healthy subjects under two stimulation conditions. FMRI measurements were obtained under the presentation of a moving bar stimulus spanning the entire visual field while the subjects were fixating. In a second session the stimulus was masked in the left upper quadrant of the visual field to simulate a quadrantanopic scotoma (“artificial scotoma” or AS) occurring often as a result of partial V1 or optic radiation lesions. PRF estimates were obtained using a recent method of pRF topography estimation (Lee et al., A new method for estimating population receptive field topography in visual cortex, NeuroImage, 2013) which is consistent with other pRF methods. Responses obtained under the AS condition were compared with simulations obtained from a linear AS model (or LAS model). The LAS model provides an estimation of the pRF changes expected to occur as a result of the truncated stimulus assuming that the pRF linearly integrates the AS. We found that pRFs in hV5/MT+ are nonlinearly affected by the truncated stimulus presented: pRF centers shifted towards the border of the AS, pRF size decreased and pRF amplitude increased near the AS border. In addition, using the full bar stimulus to estimate the pRF topography (when in fact the stimulus presented included the AS) produced erroneous pRF estimates inside the region of the artificial scotoma. These biases are not the result of a trivial methodological artifact but appear to originate partly from asymmetric BOLD responses occurring when the stimulus moves from seeing to non-seeing locations of the visual field. Distinguishing between pRF changes that occur as the result of true reorganization versus different test-stimulus presentation conditions is an important task that needs to be undertaken when studying visual cortex organization in patients with visual field deficits.
The advantage of differentials in the technique of differentiation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the last few years the topic of differentials has occupied the attention of a good many teachers of mathematics. Since the appearance in 1931 of my article advocating the teaching of the Differential Calculus from the differential standpoint right from the start, very divergent views have been expressed on this question and there was a general discussion on the topic at the annual meeting of the Mathematical Association in 1934. This article, the subsequent correspondence and the discussion have certainly brought into evidence the fact that many mathematicians still have a very obvious distrust of “differentials” and they seem unable to clear their minds of some early prejudice against the employment of differentials for any purpose.
EPSILON AURIGAE: AN IMPROVED SPECTROSCOPIC ORBITAL SOLUTION

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A rare eclipse of the mysterious object Epsilon Aurigae will occur in\n2009-2011. We report an updated single-lined spectroscopic solution for the\norbit of the primary star based on 20 years of monitoring at the CfA, combined\nwith historical velocity observations dating back to 1897. There are 518 new\nCfA observations obtained between 1989 and 2009. Two solutions are presented.\nOne uses the velocities outside the eclipse phases together with mid-times of\nprevious eclipses, from photometry dating back to 1842, which provide the\nstrongest constraint on the ephemeris. This yields a period of 9896.0 +/- 1.6\ndays (27.0938 +/- 0.0044 years) with a velocity semi-amplitude of 13.84 +/-\n0.23 km/s and an eccentricity of 0.227 +/- 0.011. The middle of the current\non-going eclipse predicted by this combined fit is JD 2,455,413.8 +/- 4.8,\ncorresponding to 2010 August 5. If we use only the radial velocities, we find\nthat the predicted middle of the current eclipse is nine months earlier. This\nwould imply that the gravitating companion is not the same as the eclipsing\nobject. Alternatively, the purely spectroscopic solution may be biased by\nperturbations in the velocities due to the short-period oscillations of the\nsupergiant.\n
Differential presentation of HLA-DR, DQ, and DP restriction elements by interferon-gamma-treated dermal fibroblasts.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract IFN-gamma has been reported to induce expression of HLA class II (DR, DQ, DP) antigens on cultured human dermal fibroblasts (FB) by stimulating the de novo transcription of the alpha and beta chain genes of HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP in these cells. We examined the relative nominal and alloantigen-presentation capacity of each HLA class II gene product on FB by using CD4-positive, TNP-specific T cell clones restricted by determinants on DR, DQ, or DP molecules, as well as allospecific, CD4-positive T cell clones recognizing DR-, DQ-, or DP-lymphocyte activating determinants. After IFN-gamma exposure, FB strains used for antigen presentation displayed a high percentage of DR-positive cells and a much smaller percentage of DP-positive cells, but no detectable DQ-positive cells by immunofluorescent techniques. FB stimulator cells supported proliferative responses of two DR-allospecific T cell clones and one TNP-specific, DR-restricted clone, but not another TNP-specific, DR-restricted clone. Despite only modest DP expression, FB stimulated both a TNP-specific, DP-restricted clone and a DP-allospecific T cell line. However, IFN-gamma treated FB failed to stimulate a TNP-specific, DQ-restricted clone and a DQ-allospecific clone. Our data indicate that IFN-gamma differentially regulates expression of functional class II lymphocyte activating determinants on FB antigen-presenting cells and that FB may fail to support DQ-directed T cell responses due to insufficient expression of DQ molecules on the FB cell surface. However, the quantity of DR or DP expressed on FB did not directly correlate with their ability to support T cell responses, indicating that additional factors, such as differences in T cell clone activation requirements, contribute to the capacity of FB to present class II allo- and antigen-restricting epitopes.
Possible insights into the respiration pacesetter mechanism derived from observations at acupuncture points

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This data compliments a paper entitled: Possible insights into the respiration pacesetter mechanism derived from observations at acupuncture points. The paper fully describes and analyses the data. At the time of writing, the paper is still in production. Please see the links at the end of this dataset, which will be updated once the paper is published.
A Rare Case Report on Lipodystrophy of Perinodal Adipose Tissue Mimicking Metatstatic Signet Ring Cell Adenocarcinoma in a Cachexic Patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cachexia is a complex syndrome and a comorbid condition commonly associated with a variety of chronic diseases like cancer, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease and AIDS cancer.It results from metabolic dysregulation and is characterized by profound loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscles.Approximately 20% of deaths in cancer patients are due to cachexia.Adipose tissue after undergoing cachectic dystrophy may mimics signet ring cell morphology histologically.Such lipodystrophied adipocytes mimicking signet ring cells are a diagnostic pitfall.We present a case of 54 years old male presenting with complains of pain upper abdomen for 1.5 years along with dysphagia and vomiting for last 4-5 months, diagnosed as moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, biopsy pyloric stricture with metastatic tumor deposits in omental lymph node and lipodystrophy of adipocytes in the perinodal tissue.
Enhanced antimicrobial peptide-induced activity in the mollusc Toll-2 family through evolution via tandem Toll/interleukin-1 receptor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Toll receptors play an important role in the innate immunity of invertebrates. All reported Tolls have only one Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain at the C-terminal. In this study, numerous Tolls with tandem TIRs at the C-terminal were found in molluscs. Such Tolls presented an extra TIR (TIR-1) compared with Toll-I. Thus, Toll-I might be the ancestor of tandem TIRs containing Toll. To test this hypothesis, 83 Toll-I and Toll-2 (most have two TIRs, but others seem to be the evolutionary intermediates) genes from 29 shellfish species were identified. These Tolls were divided into nine groups based on phylogenetic analyses. A strong correlation between phylogeny and motif composition was found. All Toll proteins contained the TIR-2 domain, whereas the TIR-1 domain only existed in some Toll-2 protein, suggesting that TIR-1 domain insertion may play an important role in Toll protein evolution. Further analyses of functional divergence and adaptive evolution showed that some of the critical sites responsible for functional divergence may have been under positive selection. An additional intragenic recombination played an important role in the evolution of the Toll-I and Toll-2 genes. To investigate the functional difference of Toll-I and Toll-2, over expression of Hcu_Toll-I or Hcu_Toll-2-2 in Drosophila S2 cells was performed. Results showed that Hcu_Toll-2-2 had stronger antimicrobial peptide (AMP) activity than Hcu_Toll-I. Therefore, enhanced AMP-induced activity resulted from tandem TIRs in Toll-2s of molluscs during evolution history.
AI-driven remote sensing for environmental characterization and rice crop modeling in water-limited regions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Advancing our understanding of environmental interactions in rice crops contributes to food production in water-limited regions. This paper proposes an integrated crop modeling architecture, demonstrating how machine-learning (ML) models enhance classic Mechanistic Crop Modeling (MCM) estimations by learning directly from environmental data. Here, we quantify the impact of noise-induced uncertainty on the CERES-Rice crop growth model, particularly relevant for drought-tolerant varieties that exhibit complex adaptation mechanisms, such as Nerica 4. Environment characterization is achieved through a novel 3D Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), offering enhanced precision and scalability when coupled with remote-sensing satellite-derived environmental data. By coupling both MCM and ML models, we achieved higher estimations for grain yield (R2=0.99) and biomass (R2=0.8) in the northwest Tambacounda region of Senegal in Africa, providing reliable estimates of 30\% grain conversion efficiency and 2.18kg/ha·mm water use efficiency from an environment characterized by sandy soils with high saturated hydraulic conductivity (1.1 cm/h) and the lowest regional precipitation (513mm, 49\%).
Incentives and obstacles to the development of innovative entrepreneurship in Ukraine

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to highlighting the incentives and obstacles to the development of innovative entrepreneurship in Ukraine. Economic incentives are studied. Factors of positive and negative influence on the development of innovative entrepreneurship in Ukraine are determined. The main reasons for the unsatisfactory state of innovation activity of Ukrainian enterprises are considered. After all, economic competition is a powerful factor and the most powerful incentive to increase the efficiency of innovative entrepreneurial activity. \nСтаттю присвячено висвітленню стимулів та перешкод розвитку інноваційного підприємництва в Україні. Досліджено економічні стимули. Визначено чинники позитивного та негативного впливу на розвиток інноваційного підприємництва в Україні. Розглянуто головні причини незадовільного стану інноваційної діяльності підприємств України. Адже потужним чинником та наймогутнішим стимулом до підвищення ефективності інноваційної підприємницької діяльності виступає економічна конкуренція. \nСтатья посвящена освещению стимулов и препятствий развития инновационного предпринимательства в Украине. Исследованы экономические \nстимулы. Определены факторы положительного и отрицательного влияния \nна развитие инновационного предпринимательства в Украине. Рассмотрены основные причины неудовлетворительного состояния инновационной \nдеятельности предприятий Украины. Ведь мощным фактором и мощным \nстимулом к повышению эффективности инновационной предпринимательской деятельности выступает экономическая конкуренция.
Abstract LB-176: The human androgen receptor regulates DNA damage response (DDR) in prostate cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Clinical studies have shown the improved benefit of combining androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with radiotherapy, indicating a potential interaction between the androgen signalling and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways in PCa. We have explored the underlying basis of this interaction by interrogating the mechanism of androgen regulation of the DDR in men with PCa, both untreated and treated with an androgen inhibitor. We show that androgen receptor (AR) signalling regulates the DDR and promotes DDR foci formation leading to ATM activation in PCa. Our data showing that AR regulates DDR provides an explanation for the improved outcome of combined ADT and radiotherapy. Thus, our work identifies the rationale for targeting both the AR and DDR pathways simultaneously to improve therapy outcome in advanced or high risk prostate cancer. Citation Format: Mohammad Asim, Heather Zecchini, Firas Tarish, Charlie Massie, Ajoeb Baridi, Anne Warren, Wanfeng Zhao, Leigh-Anne McDuffus, Patrice Mascalchi, Greg Shaw, Harveer Dev, Karan Wadhwa, Paul Wijnhoven, Josep Forment, Scott Lyons, Andy Lynch, Cormac O’Neill, Vincent Zecchini, Paul Rennie, Aria Baniahmad, Simon Tavare, Ian Mills, Niklas Schulz, Yaron Galanty, Thomas Helleday, David Neal. The human androgen receptor regulates DNA damage response (DDR) in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-176.
Stabilization of Lactobacillus sp. with enhanced thermal resistance by spray-drying

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Combining biotechnology and encapsulation by spray-drying is possible to obtain microorganisms-based products in powder format without losing viability. A methodology based on the improvement of the thermal stress resistance of selected strains of Lactobacillus sp. and subsequent culture stabilization by spray-drying by optimizing the process parameters and using thermal protectant materials has been developed. The results obtained showed that the final product kept the viability of the initial culture in addition to be a solid, powdery and ease-to-handle product. Keywords: thermal resistance; spray-drying; probiotics; viability; fermentation; encapsulation.
Association of Nitric Oxide With Delayed Skin Problems After Sulfur Mustard Exposure: Part of Sardasht-Iran Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Exposure to Sulfur Mustard (SM) leads to short- and long-term adverse effects on various organs, including the skin. Despite several studies on long-term clinical manifestations of skin toxicity in SM-exposed individuals, the pathogenesis of SM-induced skin disorders is not fully understood. Materials and Methods: As part of Sardasht-Iran Cohort Study (SICS), this study aimed to find out the possibility of any correlation between the serums level of Nitric Oxide (NO) and skin problems due to the long-term effect of SM as well as the kind of skin illness. In this historical cohort study, 372 male SM-exposed subjects and 128 age-matched unexposed controls were studied. Clinical evaluation was carried out for all participants, and their serum concentration of NO was measured. Results: According to our results, the Mean±SD serum level of NO in the exposed group with skin disorders were significantly higher than that in the exposed group without skin disorders (1483.00±488.754µg/mL vs. 1364.50±487.887µg/mL; P=0.024). Also, among the exposed group, there was a significant elevation of serum NO associated with the type of lesion. For ezxample, specific lesions like mustard scar were associated with higher levels of NO compared to non-specific lesions like xerosis, itching, seborrheic dermatitis, etc. Also, a significant elevation in serum NO levels was found in the exposed subjects with pigmentation disorders (both hypo- and hyper-pigmentation) compared to the exposed participants without these skin problems (PConclusion: Our results show the highest serum level of NO in the exposed group with specific lesions and the lowest or normal level of NO in the unexposed group with no skin illness. The elevated serum levels of NO may be associated with the progression of some skin complications in the SM-exposed subjects. This finding serves as a basis for further research on the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of skin disorders in SM-exposed patients.