jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide versus platelet rich plasma: a comparative study in the treatment of alopecia areata of scalp

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by nonscarring hair loss involving any hair-bearing surface of the body. The current therapy for AA is not curative but rather aimed at controlling or limiting the pathogenic process. Corticosteroids are the most popular drugs used, however localized atrophy is a common complication, particularly with triamcinolone. Promoting hair growth by application of autologous blood extracted platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a simple, yet effective procedure. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (5 mg/ml) with intralesional PRP in the treatment of two different scalp AA patches of same individual.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 30 patients having ≥2 patches of AA were randomized and given two separate modalities of treatment in two different patches and divided in Group I, treated with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (5 mg/ml) and Group II, treated with PRP. Interval time between every follow-up was 3 weeks and four such follow-ups were done. Hair regrowth was calculated according to Mac Donald Hull and Norris grading system at every follow-up and was compared with the initial grading.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Group I patches, treated with triamcinolone acetonide have the significantly higher mean grading score than the group II patches, treated with PRP at each follow up.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide is more efficacious than intralesional PRP in the treatment of scalp alopecia areata with no recurrences and very few adverse effects like atrophy and hypopigmentation.</p>
Strategic Sealift: Funding During a Period of Force Austerity and Fiscal Constraints

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The world political, economic and military order is in a state of flux. The Cold War is over. Bipolar spheres of influence are the trappings of the past. In August 1991 , President Bush outlined a new defense strategy based on four major elements: deterrence, forward presence, crisis response, and reconstitution. This policy is mandated by the new world order that will require the U.S. defense force to be smaller, CONUS based, mobile, as well as versatile and balanced. In essence, the force must be trained and ready. This readiness infers mobility with a capability for power projection to defend U.S. interests anywhere in the world. Strategic mobility demands we build and deploy a force that can fight on arrival and continue long term operations. The required surge and sustainment implies a strategic sealift capable of implementing this national defense strategy. However, the U.S. strategic sealift capability is on hard times. Ships are aging in both the commercial and military fleets, merchant mariners are becoming fewer and fewer and economic factors hamstring Congress and the Department of Defense for competing issues. To meet our need for sealift new innovative business practices must be entertained to fund the fleet with at least supplemental, if not sustaining, revenues for future operations. A form of trust fund, a straight sealift fund, that supplements Congressional appropriations and aids our merchant marine industry is necessary. Revenues from leasing, sales, scrapping, and international burden sharing can be cycled to stay within a fund rather than be returned to a general fund destined to be at the whims of competing projects. The government must get on track for strategic sealift in the force capability process.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted, One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐Thia‐4b,10‐diaza‐indeno[2,1‐a]indene‐5,5‐dioxide and 10H‐11‐Thia‐5,10a‐diaza‐benzo[b]fluorene‐11,11‐dioxide.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The ts13 Mutation in the TAFII250 Subunit (CCG1) of TFIID Directly Affects Transcription of D-Type Cyclin Genes in Cells Arrested in G1 at the Nonpermissive Temperature

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The general transcription initiation factor TFIID contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factors (TAFs) implicated in the function of gene-specific activators. Previous studies have indicated that a hamster cell line (ts13) with a point mutation in the TAF(II)250/CCG1 (TAF(II)250) gene shows temperature-sensitive expression of a subset of genes and arrests in late G1 at 39.5 degrees C. Here, we report the identification of cell cycle-specific (G1-specific) genes that appear to be regulated directly through TAF(II)250 both in vivo and in vitro. Transcription rates of several cell cycle-regulatory genes were determined by run-on assays in nuclei from ts13 cells grown at permissive (33 degrees C) and nonpermissive (39.5 degrees C) temperatures. Temperature-dependent differences in transcription rates were observed for cyclin A, D1, and D3 genes. In transient-transfection assays, the human cyclin D1 promoter fused to a luciferase reporter showed a temperature-dependent reduction in activity in ts13 cells but not in parental BHK cells. In in vitro assays, upstream sequence-dependent transcription from the human cyclin D1 promoter was significantly reduced in ts13 nuclear extracts preincubated at 30 degrees C but not in similarly treated BHK nuclear extracts, and transcription in the ts13 extract was restored by addition of an affinity-purified human TFIID. Preincubation of the ts13 nuclear extracts did not affect the function of several GAL4-activation domain fusion proteins (GAL4-VP16, GAL4-p65, and GAL4-p53) on either the adenovirus major late or cyclin D1 core promoter bearing GAL4 sites, further indicating that the effect of the TAF(II)250 mutation is both core promoter and activator specific.
High performance perovskite solar cells

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Since last few decades, the renewable energy becomes the spotlight research interest in electricity due to repaid rate of demand on energy requirement. Fossil fuel is declining over time at rapid rate. Hence, interest in solar and wind energy has been growing very rapidly in order to make up energy for the world. Moreover, climate change and global warming issues become threat for people to look for clean and sustainable solution over using conventional resources. When it come to electricity generation, solar energy is the most promising renewable energy source for Singapore. Singapore gains several benefits from deploying the solar energy such as 1) Environmental sustainability as there is no carbon emissions from solar energy 2) Enhances Singapore’s energy security since solar energy doesn’t requires to import fuels 3) Reducing the electricity pool prices because there is greatest output of solar energy at peak energy usage in Singapore-typically in the afternoons This report provides the structure and properties of Perovskite Solar cell and presents results from simulations. Firstly, it starts with literature review which describe the background of Renewable energy and especially solar energy and which mainly focus on Perovskite Solar Cell. The parameters which measure the efficiency of solar cell is introduced followed by the results of simulation outcomes. Lastly, the optimized Perovskite structure is presented in the conclusion of this report.
Overcoming Barriers in Commercializing Bio-Tech Innovations in India: A Case of Center for Cellular and Molecular Platforms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Building capabilities to successfully commercialize biotech research into products or solutions, is paramount but challenging to develop, especially in developing ecosystems or countries. Once accomplished, they can turn-around the socioeconomic condition in such countries and make them self-reliant, at least in the healthcare sector. It may also encourage the incumbent research community to transform their research findings into scientific, entrepreneurial or commercial ventures. However, building such `innovation ecosystems' in developing countries, requires scientific, financial and infrastructural support to overcome their existing barriers. In India, one such government-funded non-profit organization which is trying to overcome the existing barriers and building an ecosystem to encourage biotech innovation and entrepreneurship, is the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP). Since its inception, it has been able to support more than 90 biotech start-ups in funding, mentorship and incubation. In this paper, we start our discussion by understanding some of the major challenges faced by contemporary biotech organizations in India while commercializing their innovations. Subsequently, we attempt to understand how C-CAMP was conceptualized to overcome some of these barriers and how it evolved over the years, to become a nodal agency for inspiring biotech innovations and entrepreneurship. This case study highlights some of the best practices followed by C-CAMP in managing biotech innovation and commercialization. Top Management Teams in biotech-based academia, industry, government or venture capital funding agencies from any country may find these barriers and best practices worth studying and analyzing.
Review of the UK air quality index

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This is the first report prepared by the Standards Advisory Subgroup (CSAS) of the Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants. The subgroup was formed in June 2009 when the Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards (EPAQS) was merged with COMEAP. The work of the subgroup is supported by a joint Secretariat from both the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and the Health Protection Agency. In 2009, the subgroup was asked by Defra to review the current UK air quality index. Since the air quality index was last revised in 1998, there have been a number of developments in the regulation of air pollution and in the presentation of air quality information, which are reflected in these proposals. COMEAP is very keen to enhance the way we communicate facts about air pollution to the public and the findings from the public insight study, which was commissioned by Defra, have been invaluable for developing the health advice and the presentation of the index. I am grateful to Stephen Holgate, the Chairman of the Standards Advisory Subgroup, who has ensured that the needs of the public for clear information were central to the development of these proposals. I am also grateful to the Secretariat and Members of the subgroup who developed the report and, indeed, to all Members of COMEAP. This is a real advance in helping the public deal with the impact of polluted air. I look forward to seeing how these proposals are received by Defra.
Semantic Transparency in Free Stems: The Effect of Orthography-Semantics Consistency on Word Recognition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A largely overlooked side effect in most studies of morphological priming is a consistent main effect of semantic transparency across priming conditions. That is, participants are faster at recognizing stems from transparent sets (e.g., farm) in comparison to stems from opaque sets (e.g., fruit), regardless of the preceding primes. This suggests that semantic transparency may also be consistently associated with some property of the stem word. We propose that this property might be traced back to the consistency, throughout the lexicon, between the orthographic form of a word and its meaning, here named Orthography-Semantics Consistency (OSC), and that an imbalance in OSC scores might explain the “stem transparency” effect. We exploited distributional semantic models to quantitatively characterize OSC, and tested its effect on visual word identification relying on large-scale data taken from the British Lexicon Project (BLP). Results indicated that (a) the “stem transparency” effect is solid and reliable, insofar as it holds in BLP lexical decision times (Experiment 1); (b) an imbalance in terms of OSC can account for it (Experiment 2); and (c) more generally, OSC explains variance in a large item sample from the BLP, proving to be an effective predictor in visual word access (Experiment 3).
N2O emission from a subtropical forest is dominantly regulated by soil denitrifiers under exogenous N enrichment and seasonal precipitation distribution change

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Nitrogen-rich tropical/subtropical forest soil acts as a terrestrial source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, a greenhouse gas commonly affected by soil nitrogen availability and soil moisture. However, in tropical and subtropical regions experiencing both elevated nitrogen deposition and altered precipitation regimes, it is unclear whether nitrogen deposition and precipitation regimes have interactive effects on forest soil N2O emissions and what roles N2O-associated nitrifiers/denitrifiers play in these interactions. We conducted a two-year field study in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest in southern China by applying four treatments: nitrogen addition (N), seasonal precipitation distribution change (P), both nitrogen addition and seasonal precipitation distribution change (NP) and a control (C). The Results showed that N2O efflux from the forest soil was significantly greater in the wet season than in the dry season, but was promoted by the NP treatment only in the dry season. Soil moisture and pH decreased in the P and N treatments, respectively. The abundances of the nitrifying gene AOA-amoA and denitrifying gene nosZ in the wet season and the abundance of the denitrifying gene nirK in the dry season differed significantly among the four treatments. A structural equation model showed that precipitation change was more important than nitrogen addition in affecting soil properties (e.g. moisture and pH) and N2O-associated nitrifiers/denitrifiers, while soil nirK- and nosZ-denitrifiers were the dominant functional microbes in regulating N2O emissions. The results support predictions of future nitrogen losses (N2O) in subtropical forests in the context of interactions between elevated nitrogen deposition and altered precipitation regimes.
Determinants of South Africa’s Wine Exports to Selected East African Markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

South Africa’s wine industry has traditionally concentrated on developed nations as its principal export markets. In recent years, regional markets within East Africa have emerged as promising areas for growth. However, these markets have not been examined, with existing research predominantly centred on the export of unprocessed agricultural commodities. This study investigates the factors influencing South Africa’s wine exports to Kenya, Tanzania, and Mauritius, considering wine as a final, value-added agricultural product. A trend analysis was conducted to examine export performance from 2010 to 2022, and an augmented gravity model was employed to identify key factors. The results show a steady increase in wine exports to these markets, with strong demand in Kenya and Tanzania. The gravity model demonstrates that higher production capacity in South Africa, larger populations in the importing countries, advantageous import duty structures, and a depreciated exchange rate positively influence exports, whereas high inflation rates significantly constrain export volumes. Consequently, strategies focused on increasing production, maintaining favourable trade conditions, and leveraging market opportunities could enhance export performance. Additionally, mitigating the effects of inflation through strategic pricing policies and industry collaboration could further strengthen South Africa’s wine export position within East African markets.
Risk as perceived by the German public: pervasive risks and “switching” risks

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 2001, a major project on the perception and evaluation of risks in southern Germany was conducted consisting of survey data as well as of semi-structured interviews. With reference to the psychometric paradigm, this article analyzes public risk perception, pointing out the perceived risk semantic for nuclear energy, GM-food, mad cow disease (BSE), crime, global climate change, mobile telephony and its radiation risks. These hazards reveal different patterns of risk perception and different levels of risk acceptability. Secondly, a comparison of qualitative and quantitative findings will be conducted: qualitative analyses indicate that the results of quantitative rating scales on the perception, evaluation and acceptance of technical and environmental hazards might be misleading since the public's focus on risks as elicited by open association stimuli relies much more on ‘everyday-life’ and ‘pervasive’ risks than for instance on hazards emerging from new technologies. The relevance of technological risks tends to be dependent on the context: If explicitly mentioned in newscasts, in debates or listed in questionnaires memories, fears or other immediate responses become activated, yet they may be forgotten a short time later. We have called this phenomenon “switching effect” and the respective risks “switching risks” . In standardized opinion polls such ‘switching effects’ may evoke firm judgments, even if the importance in the interviewee's mental representation seems marginal.
Fully compliant double tensural tristable micromechanisms (DTTM)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Numerous possible micromechanism applications (e.g. three-way switches, mechanical memory and multiplex optical switches) could benefit from a device with three stable equilibrium positions. In this paper, we present a new class of tristable mechanisms called double tensural tristable mechanisms (DTTMs) which are fully compliant (i.e. they are monolithic and get their motion from the deflection of elastic components) and can be fabricated at the micro scale. A pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM) for the DTTM has been developed. DTTMs were fabricated in polysilicon using the SUMMiT V process and tested for tristability and force–deflection characteristics. The results successfully demonstrate tristable behavior and show that the PRBM can be used to identify tristable configurations and predict their performance.
Testing the Italian version of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale and a metacognitive model of cyberchondria

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Cyberchondria refers to the tendency to excessively and compulsively search for online medical information despite the distress experienced, with consequent impairment of daily‐life activities. The current two studies sought to explore (i) the factor structure of the Italian version of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS) and (ii) a metacognitive model of cyberchondria. Participants were Italian community adults who reported using the Internet to search for health‐related information (Study 1: N = 374, Study 2: N = 717). Results from Study 1 supported the Italian version of the CSS exhibiting a five‐factor structure, with the resulting scales demonstrating good internal consistency, 5‐week test–retest reliability, and generally strong correlations with indices of health anxiety. In Study 2, results of a path analysis showed that the negative metacognitive belief domain (“thoughts are uncontrollable”) shared the strongest direct association with each of the five dimensions of cyberchondria, followed by beliefs about rituals. Consistently, the strongest indirect associations were found between “thoughts are uncontrollable” and all the five cyberchondria dimensions via beliefs about rituals. These results provide support for an Italian version of the CSS and the metacognitive conceptualization of cyberchondria.
Lunar Rhythm of Emergence, differential Behaviour of the Sexes, and other Phenomena in the African Midge, Chironomus brevibucca (Kieff.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Larvae of the African midge, Chironomus brevibucca (Kieff.), are abundant in the littoral zone of Lake Bangweulu, Northern Rhodesia, where, at certain times of the year, imagines emerge in vast numbers shortly after the appearance of the full moon. Attracted by light, the imagines fly to houses and alight on the protective gauze screenings, which, at peak periods of emergence, become covered with a solid mass of midges. They have not been seen at other phases of the lunar cycle, so the adult life is certainly not more than ten days and is usually much less. Imagines, which are inactive by day, tend to settle in different situations according to their sex. On the gauze screenings there was a marked preponderance of females (4·68:1) on the day following a night's swarming but, on several adjoining whitewashed walls, males predominated (2·92:1). On grasses near the lake margin females outnumbered the males. When, the gauze screening of a house was diffusely illuminated, imagines were attracted to it during the early hours of darkness. The first flies to arrive were almost invariably males, but females followed on rapidly and finally constituted the bulk of the population. On one evening the percentage of males fell in three hours from 95·4 at 1844 hr. to 29·5 at 2145 hr. The percentage of males reaches a minimum between 1900 and 2000 hr. and thereafter shows some rise, probably due to a secondary influx of males which are thought to have been resting during the day and not to be newly emerged. An indication of the adult age of males seems to be given by the condition of the antennae during the early part of their adult life. Some miscellaneous observations on the behaviour of C. brevibucca are recorded. Some aspects of the phenomena recorded are discussed. The recent hypothesis of Korringa, which seeks to explain the periodíc swarming of certain polychaetes just after the time of full moon as being the result of an additive effect of exposure to nocturnal illumination on the maturation of organisms that are not subjected to sunlight by day, is examined and shown to be applicable to C. brevibucca .
A new mite genus of the family Pygmephoridae (Acari, Heterostigmata) from Russia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new mite genus, Pseudopygmephorellus gen. n. (Acari, Pygmephoridae), is described. P. reductus sp. n. from Arkhangelsk Province (Russia) is described, and supplements to the descriptions of P. szekessyi (Mahunka, 1970) comb. n. and P. artemjevi (Sevastianov, 1981) comb. n. are given.
Determination optical properties of tissue-like phantoms using diffuse reflectance and transmittance spectroscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present a simple, convenient fibre-optics probe system for the determination optical properties of tissue-like liquid phantoms based on diffuse reflectance and transmittance measurements at the wavelength of visible-near-infrared region. The method combined Monte Carlo simulations, multiple polynomial regression and a Newton-Raphson algorithm for solving nonlinear equation system. In the range of optical properties of phantom with the μa at 0 – 0.5 cm-1 and the μs’ at 3 – 45 cm-1, the mean prediction error at 630 nm was 1.91 % for μs’ and 7.51 % for μa. The performance of the method is further tested by predictive error and validated using similar matrix of milk-ink phantoms on reflectance and transmittance.