jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On The Extended Blazar Sequence For _-Ray Emitting Active Galactic Nuclei

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we use the distributions of observed y -ray properties, as well as orientation parameters of a sample of Fermi-LAT AGNs to investigate the hypothesis that y -NLS1 objects are beamed sources with y -ray emitting axes inclined at close angles to the line of sight. Based on these parameters we investigate the relationship between y- ray emitting jetted AGNs. Results show that y -NLS1s are more highly beamed than both FSRQs and BL Lacs with mean value of core-dominance parameter Rg ~ 9507. y --NLS1s and jetted Seyfert galaxies are continuous in distribution of the orientation parameter with average cone angles Ôm ~ 8o and 44o respectively. Furthermore, the spectral energy distribution of y NLS1 is comparable to those of FSRQs and BL Lacs suggestive that y-NLS1s and blazars form a continuous spectral sequence. There is a significant anti-correlation (r ~ -0.9) between the y -ray luminosity There is a strong dependence of Dg on redshift (r ~ -0.7) suggestive that Dg is more sensitive to environmental factors than intrinsic y-ray luminosity. The results suggest that y--NLS1s are highly beamed counterparts can be found among Seyfert galaxy populations. В данной работе используется распределение наблюдаемых свойств y- излучения, а также параметры ориентации для выборки AGN, зарегистрированных с помощью Fermi-LAT, чтобы исследовать гипотезу о том, что объекты y-NLS1 являются источниками излучения, направленными с осями y-излучения, наклоненными под малым углом к лучу зрения. Основываясь на этих параметрах, исследована взаимосвязь между y-NLS1 и другими подтипами активных галактик с релятивистскими джетами, испускающих y-излучение Результаты показывают, что y-NLS1 более сфокусированы, чем FSRQ и BL Lac с средним значением параметра доминирования ядра Rg ~ 9507. y-NLS1 и сейфертовские галактики с джетами образуют непрерывное распределение по параметру ориентации, со средними углами конусов Фm ~ 8o и 44o, соответственно. Кроме того, спектральное распределение энергии y-NLS1 сопоставимо с распределением для FSRQ и BL Lac, что указывает на то, что y-NLS1 и блазары образуют непрерывную спектральную последовательность. Наблюдается значительная антикорреляция (r ~ -0.9) между доминированием y- излучения Dg и гамма-лучевой светимостью. Также обнаружена сильная зависимость Dg от красного смещения (r ~ -0.7), что указывает на большую чувствительность Dg к факторам окружающей среды, чем к собственной светимости y-излучения. Результаты предполагают, что y-NLS1являются сильно сфокусированными источниками y-излучения, де-фокусированные аналоги которых можно найти среди популяций сейфертовских галактик.
Catalysis by Two Sialidases with the Same Protein Fold but Different Stereochemical Courses: A Mechanistic Comparison of the Enzymes from Influenza A Virus and Salmonella typhimurium

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalysis by Two Sialidases with the Same Protein Fold but Different Stereochemical Courses: A Mechanistic Comparison of the Enzymes from Influenza A Virus and Salmonella typhimuriumXumin Guo, W. Graeme Laver, Eric Vimr, and Michael L. SinnottCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 13, 5572–5578Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00092a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00092a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views206Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recent advances in analyzing protein and peptide structures at interfaces using vibrational sum-frequency generation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The structure of protein and peptide at interfaces plays a crucial role in various biological processes and technological advancements. Understanding these structures is critical for diagnosing diseases, drug delivery, and developing biomaterials. However, the complexity of these systems and limitations in analytical tools have hindered the in-depth exploration. Despite significant efforts in determining protein structures using advanced techniques like X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, the understanding of surface-bound protein structures in real conditions remains relatively limited, posing a current challenge in this field. Vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy has been developed as a versatile method for elucidating molecular structures of proteins across interfaces. This review is intended to introduce the basic principle of SFG spectroscopy, discuss its current advancements in phase measurement, and showcase recent examples (2021–2023) illustrating SFG’s ability in revealing the molecular structure of peptides and proteins at interfaces. This concise review aims to establish a foundation for future studies and applications exploring different types of peptides and proteins at interfaces using SFG.
Effectiveness Of Family Mart Advertising Through Instagram With Aida Model (@Familymartid)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Along with the rapid development of digitalization, it is often used by many parties such as business people, this is very important to facilitate the marketing activities of a business. Technology that is often used in marketing, especially in the field of promotion, is Instagram social media. One of the businesses that use Instagram as a promotional media is “Family Mart”, a modern pilot store with a new retail concept and format, namely Convenience Store. This study aims to determine the level of effectiveness of Family Mart advertising through Instagram Social Media @familymartid with the AIDA Model approach. This research is a type of quantitative research with a survey method through filling out a Google Form questionnaire. The sampling method in this study uses non-probablity sampling, using purposive sampling technique. The analysis techniques used in this research are descriptive analysis, simple tabulation analysis, and average scores. The results of this study found that the Attention dimension seen from the measurement of the criterion score is included in the “Good” category and based on the measurement of the average score of 2.57 including the interval level “Effective”. Interest seen from the measurement of the criteria score is included in the “Good” category and based on the measurement of the average score of 2.55 is included in the “Effective” interval level. Desire seen from the measurement of the criterion score is included in the very good category and based on the measurement of the average score of 2.72 is included in the interval level “Effective”. Action seen from the measurement of the criterion score is included in the very “Good” category and based on the measurement of the average score of 2.64 including the interval level “Effective”. Of the four AIDA dimensions, namely Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action, the results of the measurement of the criterion score are included in the “Good” and the measurement of the average score is included in the “Effective” criteria. Of the four dimensions, the highest effectiveness value is Attention, second Interest, third Desire, and fourth Action.
Nutritional value of non-conventional vegetables prepared by family farmers in rural communities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Four most consumed non-conventional vegetables were analyzed raw and after cooking techniques routinely used by family farmers: ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Mill.); wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), serralha (Sonchus arvensis L), and capiçova (Erechtites valeriana). Chemical composition was determined according to AOAC. Vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and phenolic compounds and minerals by spectrophotometry. Vitamin E and carotenoids concentrations were higher in stir fried wild mustard (7.68 mg.100 g-1 and 7.45 mg.100 g-1, respectively). Cooking reduced some minerals concentration in the non-conventional vegetables, but increased vitamins and carotenoids concentrations. The vegetables presented high content of minerals but low protein concentration and total energy content. Non-conventional vegetables can be considered of excellent nutritional value and frequent consumption of these vegetables can contribute to improve the feeding of farmers and their families.
Protracted Maturation of Pancreatic‐Specific Elastase 1 Excretion in Preterm Infants of Extremely Low Gestational Age

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of the present study was to better understand the exocrine pancreatic function of extremely preterm infants. Methods: Pancreatic‐specific elastase 1 (PSE1) activity was determined in spot stool samples of 69 preterm infants of gestational age <32 weeks and birth weight <1250 g. Assays were conducted on samples collected at 2 (N = 56), 4 (N = 46), and 6 weeks of age (N = 23). Results: PSE1 activity increased from week 2 (median [interquartile range] 84 [48–187] μg/g) to week 4 (164 [87–251 μg/g; P < 0.001) but not thereafter (169 [82–298] μg/g at week 6). The maturational increase in PSE1 activity was observed only in infants of gestational age <28 weeks ( P < 0.001). At 2 weeks after birth, PSE1 levels were lower in infants of gestational age <28 weeks than in infants of gestational age ≥28 weeks (77 [43–110] vs 165 [56–300] μg/g; P = 0.019), but this difference was less pronounced at 4 weeks (153 [77–226] vs 230 [108–503] μg/g; P = 0.070) and had disappeared by 6 weeks (163 [76–258] vs 175 [85–418] μg/g; P = 0.576). In infants on full enteral feeding regimens 4 weeks after birth, PSE1 levels were associated with weight gain per unit of energy intake (R s = 0.431; P = 0.005). This measure of weight gain was lower ( P = 0.040) in infants with PSE1 levels <200 μg/g (0.110 [0.081–0.139] g/kcal, N = 25) than in those with PSE1 levels ≥200 μg/g (0.139 [0.117–0.157] g/kcal, N = 15). Administration of pancreatic enzymes to infants showing PSE1 excretion levels <200 μg/g did not enhance weight gain. Conclusions: Extremely preterm infants have limited exocrine pancreatic function during the first weeks of life, which may contribute to growth failure.
A case report of multiple bilateral dens invaginatus in maxillary anteriors

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The present report presents a case of dens invaginatus (DI) in a patient with 4 maxillary incisors. A 24-year-old female complained of swelling of the maxillary left anterior region and discoloration of the maxillary left anterior tooth. The maxillary left lateral incisor (tooth #22) showed pulp necrosis and a chronic apical abscess, and a periapical X-ray demonstrated DI on bilateral maxillary central and lateral incisors. All teeth responded to a vitality test, except tooth #22. The anatomic form of tooth #22 was similar to that of tooth #12, and both teeth had lingual pits. In addition, panoramic and periapical X-rays demonstrated root canal calcification, such as pulp stones, in the maxillary canines, first and second premolars, and the mandibular incisors, canines, and first premolars bilaterally. The patient underwent root canal treatment of tooth #22 and non-vital tooth bleaching. After a temporary filling material was removed, the invaginated mass was removed using ultrasonic tips under an operating microscope. The working length was established, and the root canal was enlarged up to #50 apical size and obturated with gutta-percha and AH 26 sealer using the continuous wave of condensation technique. Finally, non-vital bleaching was performed, and the access cavity was filled with composite resin.
Ultrafast Electron Transfers in Organometallic Supramolecular Assemblies Built with a NIR-Fluorescent Tetrabenzoporphyrine Dye and the Unsaturated Cluster Pd3(dppm)3(CO)2+

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The sodium 9,18,27,36-tetra-(4-carboxyphenylethynyl)tetrabenzoporphyrinatozinc(II) (TCPEBP) and sodium 5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-carboxyphenylethynyl)porphyrinatozinc(II) (TCPEP, for comparison purposes) salts were prepared to investigate the ionic driven host–guest assemblies made with the unsaturated redox-active cluster Pd3(dppm)3(CO)2+ ([Pd32+], dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2 as a PF6– salt). Nonemissive dye···[Pd32+]x assemblies (x = 1–4) are formed in methanol with K1x (binding constants) values of 83 200 (TCPEBP) and 70 400 M–1 (TCPEP; average values extracted from graphical methods (Benesi–Hildebrand, Scott, and Scatchard), matching those obtained from fluorescence quenching experiments (static model)). These values are consistent with the more electron rich TCPEBP dye. This conclusion is corroborated by electrochemical data, which indicate a lower oxidation potential of the TCPEBP dye (+0.46 V) vs TCPEP (+0.70 V vs SCE) and by shorter calculated average Pd···O distances (DFT (B3LYP): 3.259 vs 3.438 Å, respectively). Using the position of the 0–0 component of the Q-bands and the electrochemical data, the excited-state driving forces for dye*···[Pd32+]x → dye+•···[Pd3+•][Pd32+]x–1 are estimated for TCPEBP (+1.22 V vs SCE) and TCPEP (1.08 V vs SCE). The time scale for this process occurs within the laser pulse (fwhm <75–110 fs) during the measurements of the femtosecond transient absorption spectra. Conversely, the back electron transfers (dye+•···[Pd3+•][Pd32+]x–1 → dye···[Pd32+]x) occur well within 1 ps (respectively 650 and 170 fs for TCPEBP and TCPEP). Arguments are provided that the reorganization energy governs this difference.
An Algorithm Based on Sparse Decomposition for Estimating Harmonic and Interharmonic Components of Stationary Signals in Power Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Many methods for estimating frequency components of stationary signals in power systems are based on the Discrete Fourier Transform. These methods have a fixed frequency resolution which depends on the sampling frequency and the number of samples of the signal, making it difficult to estimate interharmonics. This paper presents an algorithm for estimating harmonics and interharmonics of power system signals using the signal sparse decomposition technique with an overcomplete dictionary. Discrete Trigonometric Transforms have been analyzed for building this dictionary. The l-fold method has also been applied to the dictionary, which has allowed the adjustment of the frequency grid of the output spectrum. The algorithm proposed is called Harmonics and Interharmonics components Estimation based on Signal Sparse Decomposition, and it was assembled using a dictionary formed by atoms of Discrete Cosine and Discrete Sine Transforms of type II. Three synthetic signals containing harmonic and interharmonics distortions with different noise conditions were used to test the algorithm. The proposed method presented better results in the estimation of harmonic and interharmonics than Discrete Fourier Transform, Matrix Pencil Method and Fast Matching Pursuit algorithms. The results demonstrated robustness to noise and adequate estimation of the interharmonics when the frequency grid is adjusted correctly.
Fatigue Crack Growth in Pavements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A common laboratory fatigue test for life estimation of pavements uses a repeated load flexural device with nonlayered beam specimens. As a result of such factors as traffic wander, and also due to different crack growth rates between such beam specimens and layered media, highway pavements have been found to sustain from 10 to 100 times the number of load applications estimated by this type of laboratory test. This study focuses on identifying the differences in crack propagation between beam specimens and layered pavements. A 2D finite-element program with specialized fracture mechanics capabilities is used in the analysis. An isotropic linear elastic material is assumed. Noncohesive cracks are introduced in the mesh as geometrical discontinuities. Cracks are propagated through the material under cyclic loading. Stress intensity factors for mixed mode are calculated for each crack length. Two different configurations are analyzed: laboratory beam specimens and layered pavements. It will be shown that predicted crack growth rates in pavements for the same maximum longitudinal strain are much lower than in beam specimens, which is consistent with laboratory and field observations. Two different crack growth rates are identified in pavements. The first is associated with tensile stresses at the bottom of the surface course. The second one is caused by tensile stresses at the top of the surface course, when the load is ahead of or behind the crack. The growth rate for surface cracks (growing downward) is much smaller than the internal crack growth rate (growing upward).
Intimate partner violence during pregnancy is related to reduced birthweight: cross-sectional study in Kaduna, Northwestern Nigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To determine the association of prenatal intimate partner violence (IPV) with birth weight. Methods A cross-sectional study of 320 mother-child pairs recruited shortly after birth at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria. Emotional, physical, and sexual violence were measured after delivery using the Conflict Tactics Scale. The main outcome measure was birthweight in grams. Linear regression was used to estimate the adjusted associations (β and 95% confidence interval (CI)) between birthweight and 1) exposure to intimate partner violence (relative to no exposure), 2) frequency of prenatal IPV exposure. Results Sixty-nine percent of mothers experienced at least one of the three forms of IPV during pregnancy. Among term births, relative to the 31% of women with no IPV exposure, prenatal exposure to emotional violence was associated with a reduction in birthweight of 99g (95% CI -206,7), 182g (95% CI -285,-80) for physical violence and 139g (95% CI -247,-31) for sexual violence. The combination of all three forms of violence was associated with a 237g reduction in birthweight (95% CI -378,-96). Increasing instances of each of the three types of violence were associated with a greater reduction in birthweight. For physical violence, birthweight was lower by 121g (95% CI -227,-15) with 1-5 instances and 406g (95%CI -570, -240) for >5 instances over the pregnancy, relative to no exposure to IPV. Conclusions Among term newborns, maternal exposure to any form of intimate prenatal violence was associated with reduced birth weight. A dose-response relationship was observed between intimate partner violence and birthweight.
A Theoretical Model for Big Data Analytics using Machine Learning Algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Big Data processing is currently becoming increasingly important in modern era due to continuous growth of the amount of data generated in various fields. Architecture for Big Data usually ranges across multiple machines and clusters consisting of various sub systems. To potentially speed up the processing, a unified way of machine learning is applied on MapReduce frame work. A broadly applicable programming model MapReduce is applied on different learning algorithms belonging to machine learning family for all business decisions. This paper presents parallel implementation of various machine learning algorithms, includes K-Means, Logistic Regression implemented on top of MapReduce model.
Machine learning light hypernuclei

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We employ a feed-forward artificial neural network to extrapolate at large model spaces the results of {\it ab-initio} hypernuclear No-Core Shell Model calculations for the $Λ$ separation energy $B_Λ$ of the lightest hypernuclei, $^3_Λ$H, $^4_Λ$H and $^4_Λ$He, obtained in computationally accessible harmonic oscillator basis spaces using chiral nucleon-nucleon, nucleon-nucleon-nucleon and hyperon-nucleon interactions. The overfitting problem is avoided by enlarging the size of the input dataset and by introducing a Gaussian noise during the training process of the neural network. We find that a network with a single hidden layer of eight neurons is sufficient to extrapolate correctly the value of the $Λ$ separation energy to model spaces of size $N_{max}=100$. The results obtained are in agreement with the experimental data in the case of $^3_Λ$H and the $0^+$ state of $^4_Λ$He, although they are off of the experiment by about $0.3$ MeV for both the $0^+$ and $1^+$states of $^4_Λ$H and the $1^+$ state of $^4_Λ$He. We find that our results are in excellent agreement with those obtained using other extrapolation schemes of the No-Core Shell Model calculations, showing this that an ANN is a reliable method to extrapolate the results of hypernuclear No-Core Shell Model calculations to large model spaces.
Photoaffinity labeling coupled to MS to identify peptide biological partners: Secondary reactions, for better or for worse?

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Affinity photolabeling is a smart method to study noncovalent and transient interactions and provide a submolecular picture of the contacts between interacting partners. In this review, we will focus on the identification of peptide partners using photoaffinity labeling coupled to mass spectrometry in different contexts such as in vitro with a purified potential partner, in model systems such as model membranes, and with live cells using both targeted and nontargeted proteomics studies. Different biological partners will be described, among which glycoconjugates, oligonucleotides, peptides, proteins, and lipids, with the photoreactive label inserted either on the peptide of interest or on the potential partner. Particular attention will be paid to the observation and characterization of specific rearrangements following the photolabeling reaction, which can help characterize photoadducts and provide a better understanding of the interacting systems and environment.
A new field-tracking NMR magnetometer system

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An automatic NMR magnetometer covering the magnetic field range 0.1-3.2 T is described. Instead of continuous tracking of the magnetic field by a conventional feedback loop technique, a new approach to triangular frequency modulation of the marginal oscillator is used in this instrument, ensuring symmetrical frequency deviation about the resonance position. Direct digital display of the magnetic field value is obtained by digital counting of the swept frequency with a suitable counting gate time. The particular advantage of this system is that the restrictions characteristic of automatic frequency control feedback loop systems, as well as for adiabatic passage conditions, can be omitted. The magnetometer is a data-sampling system with a sampling frequency of 43 Hz and a typical tracking rate of about 0.12 T s-1. The maximum search time is 0.5 s. Because of the good dynamic properties and measurement accuracy approaching 10-6 T and lack of modulation coils in the probe, the instrument is particularly suited for the measurement and calibration of magnetic fields in ESR and NMR spectrometers.