jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Remarks on the global smooth solution of the 3D generalized magneto‐micropolar equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper is concerned with the global smooth solution of the 3D generalized magneto‐micropolar equations. When the velocity dissipation is logarithmically hyperdissipative and the magnetic diffusion is fractional Laplacian, based on some new observations on the nonlinear structure for the magneto‐micropolar equations, it is examined the system has a unique global smooth solution .
Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Primary Processes in the Radiolysis of Transition Metal Carbonyls

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The effect of ionizing radiation on molecular or ionic solids is to eject electrons, which often subsequently react at sites in the material well removed from the residual electron-loss centre. These electron-loss and electron-gain centres, or breakdown products thereof, are paramagnetic and have been extensively studied by e.s.r. spectroscopy. Results for a wide range of organo metals both as pure compounds and as dilute solid solutions are used to illustrate this action. Aspects of the electronic structures of these centres are derived from the spectra and aspects of redox mechanisms are discussed. Particular attention is given to recent work on electron-loss centres formed in CFCl3 and related solvents, to studies on metal carbonyl derivatives, and to work on methyl cobalamine and its derivatives.
Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf): Relation between Photosynthetically Active Radiation Intercepted and Water Consumption under Different Nitrogen Rates

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of four nitrogen rates (N1 = 150 kg N ha-1; N2 = 100 kg N ha-1; N3 = 50 kg N ha-1 and N4 = 0 kg N ha-1) on Total dry matter (TDM), photosynthetically active radiation intercepted (PARabs), Water Consumption (WC), Radiation use efficiency (RUE), Water use efficiency (WUE) and the relation between photosynthetically active radiation intercepted and water consumption for Durum Wheat were investigated during three growing seasons (2005-2006, 2006-2007 and 2007-2008). Results showed that, the cumulative PARabs increase with nitrogen levels. In fact, N1 treatment recorded the highest cumulative PAR abs (920.2, 1041.5 and 1031.3 MJ m-2) and the lowest (812.7, 999.4 and 954 MJ m-2) obtained under N4 treatment, respectively for three growing seasons. Also, RUE, TDM and WUE have increased with nitrogen rates. The highest RUE observed under the N1 (from 1.32 to 1.43 g MJ-1) and the lowest under N4 (from 1.1 to 1.27 g MJ-1). N1 treatment improved the TDM compared to N3 and N4 rates, respectively from 11.7 to 12.6% and from 15 to 22.3%. The highest WUE were obtained under the N1 (from 2.8 to 3.1 kg m-3) and the lowest were observed under N4 (from 2.4 to 3 kg m-3). The relationship between cumulative PAR abs and cumulative water consumption was linearly regression with a high correlation coefficient (R2) which indicates that cumulative PAR abs increases when water consumption increases.
Authoritarian Bureaucracy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Autocrats do not rule alone. Leaders depend particularly on state bureaucracies to carry out their preferred policies, provide public goods, maintain social order, and organize repression and propaganda. Yet autocratic regimes often lack many key mechanisms, such as a strong civil society, independent media, and regular elections, that help leaders resolve principal–agent problems in bureaucracies. This chapter analyzes the structure and incentives at play in autocratic bureaucracies. Although early literature emphasized a trade-off between loyalty and competence, more recent work has shown that autocrats can at times prioritize meritocracy in bureaucratic systems, in particular for positions not seen as posing a significant threat to their hold on power. Moreover, lacking institutions that provide accountability from below means that autocratic bureaucracies may rely instead more on indoctrination, rotation, and digitalization, to monitor and ensure compliance among subordinates. The chapter concludes with a discussion of unanswered questions surrounding how these bureaucracies work as well as avenues for future research.
Description of survival data extended to the case of competing risks: a teaching approach based on frequency tables

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Survival analysis is a powerful statistical tool to study failure-time data. In introductory courses students learn how to describe right-censored survival time data using the product-limit estimator of the survival function on a given end-point relying on a product of conditional survival probabilities. In the case of a composite end-point, the next step is to account for the presence of competing risks. The complement to one of the survival function is decomposed into the sum of cause-specific incidences, which are obtained as sum of unconditional probabilities due to the single competing risk. However, this algebraic decomposition is not straightforward, given the difference between the structure of the involved estimators. In addition, one is tempted to use the Kaplan-Meier estimator, leading to an erroneous decomposition of the overall incidence. Here we discuss a simple reinterpretation of the Kaplan-Meier formula in terms of sum of non-conditional probabilities of developing the end-point in time, adjusted for the presence of censoring. This approach could be used for describing survival data through simple frequency tables which are directly generalized to the case of competing risks. In addition, it makes clear how the estimation of the single cause-specific incidence through the Kaplan-Meier estimator, simply considering the occurrence of competing events as censored data, leads to an overestimation of the cause-specific incidence. Two examples are provided to support the explanation: the first one, could help to clarify the procedure described by the formulas; the second one, simulates real data in order to present graphically the results.
Analysis of Vocational High School and Vocational Secondary School Students’ Thoughts towards Thermal Tourism Concept Using Metaphors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study was carried out to put forward the Vocational Secondary and Vocational High Schools students&#039; thoughts towards &quot;thermal tourism&quot; concept to describe with the help of metaphors in order to find out the perceptions that have been made. Phenomenography design was used in the study and the data were analyzed by content analysis techniques. The research was carried out in 2012-2013 academic year including 180 students attending Vocational Secondary and Vocational High Schools in Afyonkarahisar City center. Participants produced 46 different metaphors on the concept of ‘’thermal tourism&#039;&#039;. Considering the common features of these metaphors were collected in five different categories. The research aimed to answer the following questions: (a) which metaphors were used by the teacher candidates to explain the concept of &#039;&#039;thermal tourism’’? (b) Given the common characteristics of the &quot;thermal tourism&quot; concept under which groups can be classified for the metaphors? As a result, students in general&#039;&#039; thermal tourism&#039;&#039; concept; thermal tourism students; health, the underground resources, the economic as has been seen and perceived as vacation and as a result metaphors produced by Vocational Secondary and Vocational High Schools&#039; students can be used as a significant research tool to describe the concept of “thermal tourism” in understanding related perceptions. Key words: Thermal tourism, Metaphor, Vocational high school, Vocational secondary school
Dimorphococcus Fritschii, a New Colonial Protophyte from Ceylon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

With one Figure in the Text.HE genus Dimorphococcus , A. Br., has hitherto been known to be J-represented by two species of colonial Isokontae : D. lunatics , A. Br., and D. cordatus , Wolle.These organisms are remarkable in their method of colony formation, the four cells that are produced by division in each parent cell remaining attached for some time in groups by the agency of the parent cell membrane, which, at least in the older state, takes the form of connecting threads of mucilage.Dimorphococcus shares this type of
Dietary fibre: eating habits and knowledge in different regions of the globe

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Dietary fibre (DF) is an important component in a healthy diet and its consumption constitutes one tool that can be used to lower risk factors for many diseases.Objetives: Because DF has so many health benefits, this study aimed at comparing the eating habits and attitudes towards labelling as well as the knowledge about fibre rich foods and their health effects in three countries situated in different parts of the globe (Argentina, Portugal and Hungary).Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on a convenience non-probabilistic sample of 1525 participants, by questionnaire survey.Results: The results showed that the ingestion of DF was below the recommended dosages in the three countries, and people in general do not care much about the nutritional information in the food labels or the contents in DF. Internet appeared as a very important media that people use to get information about DF or healthy eating, while hospitals and health centre seem to fail somewhat on their educational role.Conclusion: In general, the respondents showed a moderate level of knowledge about the nature and sources of DF but a better knowledge about its effects on human health, being this similar among the countries at study.
Spatial and temporal variability of mesozooplankton in the Baltic Sea

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Spatiotemporal patchiness of plankton, and the adequate sampling strategy to capture the short-scaleheterogeneity of the plankton, are crucial for the climate change research of lower trophic levels of marinefood webs: they determine the confidence with which statistically significant (spatial differences in)ecological changes can be related to specific causes. Detecting and describing the spatiotemporalheterogeneity is the starting point for discovering the mechanisms that generate and maintain the patchydistribution of plankton. We analyze the spatiotemporal variability of the zooplankton abundance in theBaltic Sea using available monitoring data collected independently by different institutions. We soughtdominant patterns in the variability emerging at scales between 1-100 km and 1-90 days, in differenthydrological regions of the Baltic Sea (small lagoons, larger gulfs, open Baltic Proper) and by differentlysized zooplankton groups – large and small copepods and cladocerans. We show that for most groups andregions, temporal variability dominates over the spatial variability, and that smaller organisms with fasterreproduction (cladocerans) vary more in abundance than larger and slow reproducing organisms(copepods). No clear common patterns could be found that would characterize one group in all regions, orall groups in one region. Most often, the highest difference in the abundance is found in samples that arecollected about 1 month apart.
Determining Factor Influencing Public Acceptance in Congestion Pricing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Congestion pricing is a powerful tool for traffic demand management, which is used to divert traffic by imposing economic obstruction to the traveler. Whereas, Implementation of Congestion pricing is exaggerated issue. There are several barriers arise before the implementation of congestion pricing which influences Public attitude toward pricing policy. The Major problem associated with Congestion pricing is public acceptance, which is a crucial factor for the successful implementation of pricing policy. This paper highlight eight such factors that dominate public acceptability and different strategies adopted to improve public support. Constrain related to user and limitation of congestion pricing are discussed. This Study may help transport planners and policymakers to enhance public expectance and to examine attributes related to congestion pricing. Keywords: Congestion pricing, Public Attitude, Transport system.
The Canaanites: Their spatial origin, geographical borders, and sociopolitical landscape during the bronze ages (3600-1200 B.C.E)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This present study focuses on the inhabitants of the southern Levant (Canaan) during the Bronze Ages, based on a variety of physical archaeological evidence that has been uncovered both in the Levant itself and in neighboring lands. The aims of this study are fourfold: (1) to present the names of this region known to us from surviving written sources dated to the second and first millennia BCE, and to identify the spatial and ethnic origins of the Canaanites; (2) to identify the geographic borders which the neighboring peoples observed in relation to Canaan; (3) to present the Canaanites' social landscape and its manifestations in the emergence and ultimate prevalence of the city-state system throughout the region; and finally, (4) to demonstrate the political complexities that prevailed in the southern Levant during the Bronze Ages. This study pointed the author to two main conclusions: (a) that the Canaanites were native to the southern Levant and can be seen as a natural extension of the population that had inhabited the region during the Neolithic period, and (b) that the functional geographic borders of Canaan changed repeated over time, witnessing several expansions and contractions. The methodology implemented in this study consists of a review and analysis of the existing scholarly literature related to this subject; biblical texts, by their very nature, were not included in the study. تتناول هذه الدراسة سكان منطقة جنوبي بلاد الشام (بلاد كنعان) خلال العصور البرونزية بالبحث والتحليل، وذلك بالاعتماد على الشواهد الأثرية المادية المختلفة التي تم الكشف عنها في بلاد الشام نفسها وفي دول الجوار على حد سواء. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على أربعة مواضيع رئيسة، هي: (1) تسميات هذه المنطقة، والأصول المكانية والعرقية لسكانها. (2) الرقعة الجغرافية التي ساد فيها الكنعانيون، وحدودهم الجغرافيّة مع دول الجوار. (3) طبيعة المشهد الاجتماعي الذي ساد في هذه المنطقة وما ترافق معه من الانتقال من نظام القبيلة البسيط إلى النظام المدني المعقد الذي أفرز نشوء الدويلة-المدينة. (4) تعقيدات المشهد السياسي الذي امتازت به بلاد كنعان بسبب غياب التوحيد السياسي، بالإضافة إلى أطماع دول الجوار، وخصوصاً الدولة المصريّة الحديثة. وقد توصلت هذه الدراسة إلى أن بلاد كنعان كانت ذات حدود جغرافيّة تتمدد تارة وتتقلص طوراً آخر، وأن الكنعانيين أصيلين في بلاد الشام ويشكلون امتداداً طبيعياً لسكان نفس المنطقة من العصر الحجري الحديث. وقد تم الاعتماد في كتابة هذا البحث على مراجعة الأدبيات ذات العلاقة، ولكن تم استثناء النصوص التوراتية منها
Drift effect on vacuum birefringence in a strong electric and magnetic field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

As an important QED effect to detect the vacuum polarization, birefringence in the presence of a strong electric and magnetic field, E0 ⊥ B0, E0 ≤ cB0, is considered. The directional dependence of birefringence is obtained. In two special cases: E0 = 0 and E0 = cB0, our results are consistent with the previous ones. The refractive index of the probe wave propagating in the E0 × B0 direction decreases with E0/cB0, while that in the −E0 × B0 direction increases with E0/cB0. The physics of the direction dependence of birefringence maybe the E0 × B0 drift velocity of the virtual electrons and positrons.
Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus following Liver Transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neurological complications following liver transplantation are more common than after other organ transplants. These complications include seizure in about 8% of cases, which is associated with morbidity and mortality. Seizure should be treated immediately, and the process of differential diagnosis has to be performed appropriately in order to avoid permanent neurologic deficit. We herein report a case of status epilepticus after liver transplantation. The status epilepticus was treated promptly and the cause of seizure was assessed. The patient was discharged without any complication.
Effect of volume guarantee-high frequency oscillatory ventilation on cerebral blood flow in preterm neonates

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Preterm neonates with respiratory distress often require advanced ventilation strategies to prevent respiratory failure. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) with volume guarantee (VG) can be utilized as a lung-protective modality that reduces ventilation induced lung injury. However, its effect on cerebral hemodynamics remains unclear. Our study aimed to compare the impacts of HFOV-VG versus HFOV alone on cerebral blood flow velocity among preterm neonates with respiratory failure. Methods In this pilot randomized controlled trial, 60 premature newborns (gestational age of 35 weeks or less) with respiratory distress who failed on conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) were randomized to receive either HFOV or HFOV-VG as rescue respiratory therapy. Doppler cerebral blood flow velocity measurements, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) incidence, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels, and oxygen requirements were assessed at baseline, after 24 hours, and after 3 days of ventilation. Results There were no significant differences in cerebral blood flow velocity measurements or IVH incidence between the two groups across all time points ( p > 0.05). However, HFOV-VG demonstrated lower fluctuations in tidal volume, fewer out-of-target CO 2 episodes, and reduced oxygen requirements compared to HFOV alone. Conclusion HFOV-VG and HFOV alone showed comparable effects on cerebral blood flow and IVH incidence in premature neonates. HFOV-VG may offer additional advantages in maintaining stable ventilation parameters and minimizing CO 2 fluctuations, potentially reducing the risk of lung injury.
The Competitiveness of Indonesian Crude Palm Oil in International Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to know the competitiveness of Indonesia’s CPO exports in the world and strategies to increase Indonesia’s CPO competitiveness. The required data is secondary data from the report of CPO export in Indonesia in 1993-2017. This research-based on the background by the issue of palm oil discrimination by the European Union, where Europe is one of Indonesia’s main CPO export destinations. This research uses a qualitative-quantitative approach, analysis with a quantitative approach is used to analyze the comparative advantage of Indonesia’s palm oil in the international market used RCA. Analysis with a qualitative approach is used to analyze which strategies will be used to improve the competitiveness of Indonesian palm oil. The results of the study show that in 2017 export performance of Indonesia’s palm oil increased. It showed by the value of RCA>1 which is 55,47 and an average of 37,22, Indonesia has the competitiveness of palm oil because of the increased export volume of palm oil to the major importer countries, such as India, Pakistan, and Europe. Indonesia’s still competitive in Europe and Asia’s market based on the average value of the RCA index.
HPTLC quantification of garcinol in three endemic Garcinia species of Assam, estimation of secondary metabolites and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Garcinol, the main polyisoprenylated benzophenone present in Garcinia species. A simple, rapid, reliable high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique has been developed for simultaneous detection and quantification of garcinol in three endemic Garcinia sp. of Assam, India. While G. mangostana and G. indica have garnered extensive recognition, these lesser-known species have not received proportionate level of scientific exploration, therefore has served as the subject of investigation. Chromatographic separation was achieved using pre-coated silica gel 60 F 254 plates. The optimized mobile phase (Toluene-Ethyl acetate-Formic acid, 5:4:1 V/V ) at 276 nm produced well-defined and sharp peaks of garcinol, maintaining a constant R F value of 0.75. The regression equation demonstrated a linear relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.9955. The method was validated in accordance with International Conference of Harmonization guidelines (ICH), encompassing assessments for precision, accuracy, repeatability and robustness, all of which yielded low percentage of relative standard deviation values, attesting to its excellent performance. The content of garcinol found in the extracts were in the range of 0.58–0.98 % w/w . In secondary metabolite analysis, significant amount of phenols (26.06 ± 1.65–57.51 ± 2.62 gallic acid equivalent mg g −1 ), flavonoids (11.27 ± 1.06–21.09 ± 1.34 quercetin equivalent mg g −1 ) and ascorbic acid (3.56 ± 0.12–3.65 ± 0.11 mg/10 g) contents were detected in the extracts. Further, the extracts exhibited good anti-radical activity, which may be attributed to the presence of important secondary metabolites. Therefore, this research establishes the three endemic Garcinia sp. as promising source of garcinol. Additionally, the developed method can be applied for routine quality control analysis of herbal formulations containing garcinol.