jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Autologous Immune Enhancement therapy for Advanced Carcinoma of Pancreas-A Case Report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Autologous Immune Enhancement therapy (AIET) is one of the lesser used modality of therapy in our country for advanced cancers. AIET uses patient’s own immune cells such as NK cells and T-Lymphocytes to fight against cancer.Aim: To study the effectiveness of AIET in Advanced Carcinoma of pancreas.Case History: A 40 years old male was diagnosed with inoperable locally advanced Carcinoma of the head of pancreas when he was investigated for obstructive jaundice. Palliative bypass surgery was done, since his tumor was inoperable. Following his surgery he received 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy and 3 cycles of AIET.? After completion of chemotherapy and 2 cycles of AIET therapy his tumor marker decreased significantly with decrease in tumor size.? So re-laparotomy was attempted for removal of tumor, which was unsuccessful. After a long gap he received his 3rd cycle of AIET.? He was irregular in receiving his AIET treatment. He survived for 18 months after the diagnosis. Conclusion: The median life span of patients following diagnosis of advanced Carcinoma of pancreas is usually not more than 3-6 months. Longer survival of our patient could be due to AIET, but we need further studies to prove it. There were no adverse effects encountered due to AIET.
Moderating Role of Poor Vascular Health in Dementia and Depression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Depression and dementia commonly co-occur in older adults; yet the mechanisms linking them remain unclear. Given that vascular risk contributes to both depression and dementia, it may serve as a key moderator in their association. In this study, it was hypothesized that vascular risk would moderate the relationship between depression and dementia. It was also hypothesized that increased depression scores would be positively correlated with vascular risk factors, individuals with higher vascular risk would perform worse on cognitive assessments, and depression and memory impairment would be positively correlated. Baseline data were drawn from a large NIMH- funded clinical trial with 108 participants evaluating the efficacy of anxiety treatment in reducing anxiety and related symptoms among those with MCI or mild ADRD. Dementia was measured through objective (RBANS) and subjective (MCS and QDRS) measures. Biological measures for dementia were reflected in grip strength. Other measures included the MINI, PROMIS, and vascular risk count. Among participants, 71.8% were female and 28.2% were male. Participants identified as 7.7% Black/African American, 73.8% Caucasian, and 4.1% multiracial. Ethnically, participants identified as 2.1% Hispanic or Latino, 94.9% not Hispanic or Latino, and 3.1% unknown. Results indicated that depression predicted functional outcomes (MCS, QDRS), but not objective; vascular risk predicted immediate memory scores; and vascular risk moderated language and immediate memory. These findings suggests that vascular risk worsens specific memory domains and depression could predict functional outcomes.
Experimental Investigation of Well Cement Integrity in Decommissioned Oil and Gas Wells – The Effect of Water and Oil Contamination

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract During the cement plug placement phase of well decommissioning, the cement slurry is at risk of intermixing with the wellbore fluids, which may impact the performance and isolation capabilities of the resulting cement plug. In this study, we investigated the sealing performance of the cement plugs, which are contaminated with different wellbore fluids. Two cement blends were used: neat API class G cement and an engineered API Class G cement with additives for optimal performance. Two types of contaminants were investigated: water to mimic fluids used by decommissioning rigs and light crude oil to mimic residual produced hydrocarbons. The contaminants were added to the slurry at varying levels (12.5% and 25% v/v for water and 2.5% v/v for light crude oil). The contaminated blends were cured inside a bench-scale wellbore simulator under ambient temperature and 6.89 MPa for 7 days. The isolation performance of the contaminated plug was assessed by conducting water flow tests. For the neat API Class G cement plug, the water flow rates through the 25% water contaminated plug were an order of magnitude higher than the flow rates through the uncontaminated plug. Visual inspection of the possible flow paths by Nitrogen injection revealed that Nitrogen gas was flowing at the cement-casing interface. For the API class G cement plug with additives, water flow rates through 25% water contaminated plug were 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the uncontaminated cement plug. Contamination with water in this blend created a different failure mode with Nitrogen flowing through the matrix of the cement. An oil contamination of 2.5% of both the neat API class G and API class G+ additives cement had little to no effect on their isolation capabilities as long as the fluid injection pressure and confining pressure are the same and kept at the level of curing condition (i.e. 6.89 MPa, no change in effective stress). When the effective stress on the cement plug is changed, (by reducing the confining pressure down to atmospheric pressure, while keeping the injection pressure constant at 6.89 MPa), sealing ability of both the original and the uncontaminated cement plugs deteriorated. The contaminated plugs lost more of their sealing capabilities when compared to the uncontaminated plug. These results indicate that the effective stress (not the oil contamination) was the main controlling factor for the deterioration of cement plug sealing performance with oil contamination only having a small effect.
Separation and identification of phases with through-focus dark-field electron microscopy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The use of out-of-focus dark-field images combined with stereoviewing to obtain more information than is available from a single dark-field image and its corresponding diffraction pattern, has been demonstrated recently. In this technique, called through-focus dark-field electron microscopy, an artificial stereo-image effect can be produced by utilizing the image shifts in out-of-focus dark-field images. The technique basically involves obtaining two beam-tilted dark-field images, selecting several spots with the objective aperture, such that one image is slightly over-focus and the other slightly under-focus. Examination of the two images through a conventional stereoviewer produces elevation differences between regions contributing to the several spots chosen with the objective aperture. These elevation differences are unrelated to object positions in the thin foil, and no specimen tilting is required. Applications of this technique to rapid separation and identification of phases in complex alloy systems are discussed.
Characterization of complementary DNA encoding the rat neuromedin U precursor.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Neuromedin U (NmU), a peptide originally isolated from porcine spinal cord, is known for its ability to stimulate uterine smooth muscle contraction and to cause selective vasoconstriction. It was subsequently isolated from a number of species. Among the species studied, the five amino acids at the C-terminus of the peptide are totally conserved, suggesting that this region is of major importance. We have cloned and sequenced the cDNA encoding the rat NmU precursor protein using the anchor polymerase chain reaction technique. Sequence analysis revealed that NmU is synthesized as a 174-amino acid precursor. Like the precursors of most other small regulatory peptides, it has a hydrophobic signal peptide and a number of paired dibasic amino acids, which may serve as signals for enzymatic cleavage, to release NmU and a series of other peptides. These predicted flanking peptides of NmU show no significant homology with entries in the protein databases searched, and the cDNA likewise shows no homology with entries in the GenBank database. Northern blot analysis using total RNA extracted from different rat tissues shows high levels of NmU mRNA in the ileum, thyroid, and anterior pituitary. Southern blot analysis of rat genomic DNA demonstrates that NmU is a single copy gene.
Profit maximization—does it matter?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Comparative hypotheses are statistically tested for a random sample of Texas producers who perceive themselves as profit maximizers and those who do not. Those who assert that they are in the cow—calf business primarily to maximize profits have on average larger herd sizes and acreage, they earn a greater percent of their total net income from farming and ranching, and they place more emphasis on supportive economic motivations and less on social reasons for owning cattle. Off-farm employment status and the qualitative response to changes in price expectations are not unambiguously related to perceived motivations.
Effect of moisture regime and integrated nutrient supply on yield and economics of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj) Faizabad (U.P.) on effect of moisture regime and integrated nutrient supply on growth and yield of transplanted rice during Kharif 2010-12.The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design consisted of twelve treatment combinations with four replication. The results indicated that 7 cm irrigation 1 DADPW was found significantly superior over the 7cm irrigation at 3 and 5 DADPW on yield attributes and yield character. The maximum yield attributes and yield were recorded with full dose of NPK 120:60:40 kg ha which was found at par with green manuring + 75% NPK through inorganic fertilizers which was significantly superior over rest treatments. The maximum total cost of cultivation was computed with the application of 7 cm irrigation 1 DADPW + 75% NPK + green manuring (I 1 S 4 ) followed by 7 cm irrigation 1 DADPW + full dose of NPK 120:60:40 kg ha (I 1 S 1 ) through inorganic fertilizer. The maximum gross income, net profit and B: C ratio was recorded with the application of 7 cm irrigation 1 DADPW + full dose of NPK 120:60:40 kg ha (I 1 S 1 ) through inorganic fertilizer.
‘#It’s Dangerous’: The Online World of Drug Dealers, Rappers and the Street Code

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the digital divide has narrowed, the internet and social media have become more accessible to disadvantaged populations, including drug dealers, gang members and street hustlers. These individuals increasingly publicize their activities and associations via social media networks. Little is known, however, about the dangers criminal actors face in using social media, and how they manage those risks. Based on interview data and ethnographic observation of criminally-involved men in Toronto's Regent Park neighbourhood, we argue that the men both reproduce and reinforce many of the dangers of life on the urban streets, while fostering new strategies for managing those risks through an ongoing process of online impression management. In the process, the code of the street goes virtual; dis-embedded from its originating physical location, it circulates on new media platforms, and occasionally becomes re-embedded onto those same streets, but with different inflexions and implications.
The Spanish Ecotourism Market

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The year 2002 was declared by the United Nations as the International Year of Ecotourism. For this occasion, the UNWTO prepared a series of market reports with the aim to increase the knowledge of seven important countries considered “Ecotourism generating markets”. The survey: analyzes and evaluates the nature tourism and ecotourism market, its volume, characteristics, major trends and development profiles. The study also reports on consumer profiles, the role of the different marketing actors, product typologies and the main marketing tools used in the market.
The Effects of a Household Income Shock on Infant Health. Evidence from a Welfare Benefits Reform

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We investigate the effect of a large welfare benefits cut on child health. Our identification strategy exploits a policy reform of the German welfare system that reduced benefits for families with infants by about 30 percent of their previous household income. The empirical analysis relies on novel and unique register data that includes detailed information about hospitalization, doctor visits, and pharmacy use for about 45, 000 children who were born before or after the reform. Although children from welfare families are on average less healthy than children from non-welfare families, the welfare cut had no additional negative impact on child health.
STERILITY OF LAUNDERED FABRICS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To the Editor:—

In a recent article by Watson, Wilson, and Tuuri (Diaper Care in Nurseries,J. A. M. A.155:1579 [Aug. 28] 1954), the results of tests employing home-washing equipment in a utility area adjoining a hospital nursery were given. The conclusion drawn as a result of that work was that sterility resulted about 80% of the time when diapers were laundered in home-washing equipment by nursery personnel. Those familiar with laundering techniques and the sterilization characteristics relating to the laundry process will recognize that such a level of reduction of total count of micro-organisms associated with soiled textiles is totally inadequate. Watson, Wilson, and Tuuri state that a considerable saving of time of nursing and auxiliary forces is effectuated, in terms of reduced time of diaper handling and inventory record keeping, through the installation and utilization of home-washing equipment directly in the ward, thereby obviating the need
The first established focus of hantavirus infection in Poland, 2007.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The first hantavirus infection outbreak in Poland (with different seroetiology) was identified between August-December 2007. Thirteen cases were reported in southeast Poland: 12 cases in the Carpathians bordering with northeast Slovakia, mainly in the forested areas of the Bieszczady mountains, and one case approximately 100-120 kilometres north from the others, in the adjacent Sub-Carpathian region. Four additional cases of past infection were identified retrospectively, based on the presence of the hantavirus specific IgG antibodies. Thus, the total number of infections identified in this area amounts to 17. Most probably, this number does not constitute the real hantavirus participation in the infections in this area. Considerable evidence for the probable participation of Dobrava virus (10 cases out of 17) and Puumala virus (3 cases out of 17) in the hantavirus diseases has been revealed. There were no fatal infections. However, out of 13 symptomatic cases, major HFRS clinical manifestations were observed in 10 cases and a typical nephropathia epidemica in the next 3 cases. Haemorrhagic diathesis was observed in 9 patients. Five patients underwent haemodialysis treatment due to acute renal failure. One, a female patient, haemodialysed in 10th week of gravidity, managed to maintain pregnancy and remains under interdisciplinary care.
Fluticasone Furoate Inhibits Cytokine Secretion from Nasal Epithelial Cells and Reduces Eosinophil Survival in an in vitro Model of Eosinophilic Inflammation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Fluticasone furoate (FF) is an intranasal corticosteroid indicated for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the anti-inflammatory effects of FF in the nasal mucosa have yet to be investigated thoroughly. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FF on eosinophil survival and cytokine secretion from nasal mucosa epithelial cells. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Epithelial cells obtained from nasal mucosa were stimulated with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the presence of FF (from 10<sup>-12</sup> to 10<sup>-7</sup><smlcap>M</smlcap>) for 6-24 h. Cytokine [granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8] concentrations in supernatants were measured by ELISA. Peripheral blood eosinophils were incubated for 4 days with epithelial cell secretions in the presence or absence of FF (from 10<sup>-12</sup> to 10<sup>-7</sup><smlcap>M</smlcap>) and survival was assessed by Trypan blue dye exclusion. Results are expressed as medians of the minimum effective concentration and IC values. <b><i>Results:</i></b> FBS stimulated the secretion of GM-CSF, IL-6 and IL-8. FF significantly inhibited GM-CSF (up to 10<sup>-10</sup><smlcap>M</smlcap>, IC<sub>25</sub> = 12.6 p<smlcap>M</smlcap>), IL-6 (up to 10<sup>-10</sup><smlcap>M</smlcap>, IC<sub>25</sub> = 65.8 p<smlcap>M</smlcap>) and IL-8 (up to 10<sup>-11</sup><smlcap>M</smlcap>, IC<sub>25</sub> = 8.6 p<smlcap>M</smlcap>) secretion induced by FBS (n = 8). Epithelial cell secretions induced eosinophil survival from day 1 to day 4 (n = 6). This effect was significantly inhibited by FF (up to 10<sup>-12</sup><smlcap>M</smlcap>) at day 3 (IC<sub>50</sub> = 3.22 n<smlcap>M</smlcap>) and day 4 (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.29 n<smlcap>M</smlcap>). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results obtained in this in vitro model suggest that FF may reduce upper airway eosinophilic inflammation through decreasing cytokine secretion from epithelial cells and reducing eosinophil survival.
ULTRASOUND-GUIDED PLATELET-RICH PLASMA INJECTION THERAPY IN PARTIAL THICKNESS ROTATOR CUFF TEARS: LONG-TERM RESULTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Rotator cuff tendinopathy/partial tear is the most common cause of shoulder pain encountered in clinical practice. The treatment varies from conservative to surgical options. Recently there has been extensive use of blood-derived products for the healing of tendon injuries. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is hypothesized to augment tendon healing due to various growth factors including PDGF, VEGF and TGF-b. While the theoretical explanations look promising, the clinical efficacy of PRP is conflicting, thus establishing a clear need for extensive studies. Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of the use of PRP in patients having partial rotator cuff tears. Material and Methods: Fifty patients of the age group 25–50 years who had partial cuff tears ([Formula: see text] involvement) identified on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and had continuous pain for a minimum three months were studied. They were treated with PRP therapy and the results of their function were evaluated over time. Results: Shoulder function assessment was done was UCLA and Quick DASH score. Each of these scores showed a statistically significant improvement at 6 and 12 months. The Mean UCLA score pre-procedure was [Formula: see text] and at final follow-up was [Formula: see text]. There was reduction in the average Quick DASH score from [Formula: see text] pre-therapy to [Formula: see text] at 12 months follow-up. Conclusion: After the final follow-up, most of the patients were able to resume their daily activities. The world of PRP therapy looks promising and is needed to be explored further in orthopedics as a lot of controversy over its benefits exists in the literature.
A Semianalytical Gradient Model for Characterization of Conductors With Surface Roughness

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a novel semianalytical gradient model (SAGM) for characterizing conductors with surface roughness is presented. Based on the linear function of conductivity, the governing equation of the magnetic field is reduced to the modified Bessel equation, which has an analytical solution. With the piecewise linear approximation technique, the SAGM is derived to deal with arbitrary functions of conductivity. Three typical distributions, including the uniform, normal, and Rayleigh distributions, are investigated. The proposed SAGM is employed to evaluate the propagation properties of typical transmission line structures with different surface roughness profiles. The simulation results agree well with those from measurements, which confirm the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.
Cellular and hormonal factors influencing monocyte differentiation to osteoclastic bone-resorbing cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells which form by fusion of circulating mononuclear hemopoietic precursors. The nature of these precursor cells and the roles bone stromal cells and hormonal factors play in their differentiation to osteoclasts are unknown. We cocultured adherent murine blood monocytes (nonspecific esterase and F4/80 positive; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase negative) with osteoblastic and fibroblastic stromal cell lines in the presence of 2 x 10(-8) M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3]. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and calcitonin (CT) receptor-positive osteoclastic cells, which formed numerous resorption pits in vitro, were noted after only 4 days in coculture with UMR106 osteoblast-like cells. Resorption was seen in cocultures to which as few as 100 peripheral blood mononuclear cells had been added. 1,25-(OH)2D3 and contact with live bone stromal cells were absolute requirements for monocyte differentiation into bone-resorbing cells. Both salmon CT (5 IU/ml) and prostaglandin E2 (10(-6) M) significantly inhibited bone resorption. Thus, a significant proportion of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the monocyte fraction are capable of differentiating into cells showing the cytochemical and functional characteristics of osteoclasts. The presence of specific hormonal [1,25-(OH)2D3] and bone stromal cell elements is necessary for this process to occur; the resultant resorption can be modulated by known inhibitors of bone resorption, CT and prostaglandin E2.
The environments of environmental impact assessment: Transforming neoliberal environmental governance from within

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The transformation of neoliberal environmental governance is beset by conceptual and empirical complexity. Utilising a governmentality conceptual and analytical framework, this piece seeks to illustrate how, on their own terms, environmental governance interventions create the potential for change via a modality I have labelled the temporalised environment. Through a discourse analysis of select guidance and regulatory documents, a programmer’s view of environmental impact assessment in England and Wales is generated. As both an object and a technology of governmental power, I show how the environment can reinforce extant neoliberal logics (as ‘artefact’) or be productive of a new re-socialised, globalising form of biopower (as ‘aspiration’). I explore the risks posed to the transformative potential of the latter ‘aspirational’ environment in terms of difficulties distinguishing between its neoliberal and non-neoliberal effects, its capture by neoliberal institutions, and the scalability of its transformation from local to global. I argue that these can only be adequately mitigated if a continued critical disposition is adopted towards the defining features, purpose and functionality of an environment. I propose a series of straightforward questions to aid this process. Overall, this distinction between artefactual and aspirational environments is intended to be heuristic, orienting those strategising against neoliberal environmental governance towards the instabilities internal to the logic of specific interventions.