jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neural Network Aided Computation of Mutual Information for Adaptation of Spatial Modulation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Index Modulations, in the form of Spatial Modulation or Polarized Modulation, are gaining traction for both satellite and terrestrial next generation communication systems. Adaptive Spatial Modulation based links are needed to fully exploit the transmission capacity of time-variant channels. The adaptation of code and/or modulation requires a real-time evaluation of the channel achievable rates. Some existing results in the literature present a computational complexity which scales quadratically with the number of transmit antennas and the constellation order. Moreover, the accuracy of these approximations is low and it can lead to wrong Modulation and Coding Scheme selection. In this work we apply a Multilayer Feedforward Neural Network to compute the achievable rate of a generic Index Modulation link. The case of two antennas/polarizations is analyzed in depth, showing not only a one-hundred fold decrement of the Mean Square Error in the estimation of the capacity as compared with existing analytical approximations, but also a fifty times reduction of the computational complexity. Moreover, the extension to an arbitrary number of antennas is explained and supported with simulations. More generally, neural networks can be considered as promising candidates for the practical estimation of complex metrics in communication related settings.</p>
St. Augustine’s Attitude to Religious Coercion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Saint Augustine had to face the issue of religious coercion throughout his episcopate, and especially in his dealings with the Donatist schism. Augustine's attitude to coercion is typical of the general quality of his thought. Thus, in Augustine's first public work against the Donatists—the Contra Epistolam Parmeniani, which appeared in late 400—half of his attitude to coercion is already fully formed. It is difficult for a historian who is accustomed to seeing the Later Roman Empire in terms of slow evolution, over a long period of time, to enter into the 'mirages' of one generation within it, the generation of Augustine. Augustine's reaction to the problem of the ficti reveals a distinctive feature of his attitude to coercion as a whole: his tendency to think in terms of processes rather than of isolated acts. For Augustine's Donatist readers, his extension of such disciplinary powers to the Emperor was the measure of his departure from the previous Christian tradition.
More than health care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Norwegian community health centres are one of the main providers of maternal and child health care services. They are often the primary, as well as a regular point of contact, for women during pregnancy and after childbirth. As such, they are a place where encounters between primary health care providers like public health nurses, midwives and immigrant women, are frequent. Midwives and public health nurses play an important role as state employees in the distribution of universal health provisions at the local level. This is especially important in meeting the diverse needs of service users in a universal health care system. This study investigates the implications of cultural diversity for health care practice in a universal system. It employs a qualitative approach, using data from nine semi-structured interviews with midwives and public health nurses across three Norwegian municipalities. It analyses their experiences in working with immigrant women during pregnancy, and after childbirth, through thematic analysis. The findings illustrate the practitioners’ different approaches to meeting with culturally diverse patients, the challenges they face in their work, and how they overcome them. The discussions address the practice of cross-cultural health care in the absence of national guidelines or formal training using street-level bureaucracy as an analytical concept. This article contributes to knowledge on the practice of cross-cultural health care at Norwegian community health centres in the absence of a culturally cognizant health policy. On a broader scale, this study illustrates the implications of diversity for policy and practice in a universal welfare state.
Consistency of Angoff-Based Standard-Setting Judgments: Are Item Judgments and Passing Scores Replicable Across Different Panels of Experts?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Angoff-based standard setting is widely used, especially for high-stakes licensure assessments. Nonetheless, some critics have claimed that the judgment task is too cognitively complex for panelists, whereas others have explicitly challenged the consistency in (replicability of) standard-setting outcomes. Evidence of consistency in item judgments and passing scores is necessary to justify using the passing scores for consequential decisions. Few studies, however, have directly evaluated consistency across different standard-setting panels. The purpose of this study was to investigate consistency of Angoff-based standard-setting judgments and passing scores across 9 different educator licensure assessments. Two independent, multistate panels of educators were formed to recommend the passing score for each assessment, with each panel engaging in 2 rounds of judgments. Multiple measures of consistency were applied to each round of judgments. The results provide positive evidence of the consistency in judgments and passing scores.
Radiofrequency Ablation for Treatment of Refractory Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a known cause of gastrointestinal bleeding and chronic iron deficiency anemia. Endoscopic therapy with argon plasma coagulation (APC) is widely used for treatment of GAVE, but a majority of patients continue to require repeated blood transfusions and multiple endoscopic procedures (refractory GAVE). We describe our experience with the use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy in treating patients with refractory GAVE. Methods: Prospective case series of seven patients with refractory GAVE who were treated with RFA (HALO90 ULTRA Ablation Catheter System; Covidien, GI Solutions, Sunnyvale, CA). Results: Seven patients (one male, six females, mean age of 69 years, range 56-82) underwent RFA for treatment of refractory GAVE (12 total procedures). All of the patients had previously undergone endoscopic therapy with APC. 4 (57%) of the seven required multiple RFA treatments. Average pre- and post-procedural hemoglobin were 9.3 (SD 0.78) and 10.16 (SD 1.72; p >0.05), respectively. Two (29%) of the seven patients required post-procedural transfusions. Conclusion: Radiofrequency ablation is an effective alternative to APC for treatment of GAVE refractory to previous endoscopic therapy. Five (71%) of seven patients are transfusion-free after the RFA treatment. Further studies are needed to identify which subset of patients will benefit the most with RFA treatment.Table 1: Patient demographics
Lack of endometriosis in patients with repeated abortion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Lack of endometriosis in patients with repeated abortion Get access Juan Balasch, Juan Balasch Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clfaico y ProvincialC Casanova 143, 08036-Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Montserrat Creus, Montserrat Creus Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clfaico y ProvincialC Casanova 143, 08036-Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Juan A. Vanrell Juan A. Vanrell Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Clfaico y ProvincialC Casanova 143, 08036-Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Reproduction, Volume 3, Issue 2, 1 February 1988, Pages 263–264, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136690 Published: 01 February 1988 Article history Received: 28 August 1987 Accepted: 05 November 1987 Published: 01 February 1988
Location of sequences within rotavirus SA11 glycoprotein VP7 which direct it to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Simian 11 rotavirus glycoprotein VP7 is directed to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the cell and retained as an integral membrane protein. The gene coding for VP7 predicts two potential initiation codons, each of which precedes a hydrophobic region of amino acids (H1 and H2) with the characteristics of a signal peptide. Using the techniques of gene mutagenesis and expression, we have determined that either hydrophobic domain alone can direct VP7 to the ER. A protein lacking both hydrophobic regions was not transported to the ER. Some polypeptides were directed across the ER membrane and then into the secretory pathway of the cell. For a variant retaining only the H1 domain, secretion was cleavage dependent, since an amino acid change which prevented cleavage also stopped secretion. However, secretion of two other deletion mutants lacking H1 and expressing truncated H2 domains was unaffected by this mutation, suggesting that these proteins were secreted without cleavage of their NH2-terminal hydrophobic regions or secreted after cleavage at a site(s) not predicted by current knowledge.
Targeted disruption of the galanin gene reduces the number of sensory neurons and their regenerative capacity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The neuropeptide galanin is expressed developmentally in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and is rapidly up-regulated 120-fold after peripheral nerve section in the adult. Here we report that adult mice carrying a loss-of-function mutation in the galanin gene have a 13% reduction in the number of cells in the DRG associated with a 24% decrease in the percentage of neurons that express substance P. These deficits are associated with a 2.8- and 2.6-fold increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the DRG at postnatal days 3 and 4, respectively. After crush injury to the sciatic nerve, the rate of peripheral nerve regeneration is reduced by 35% with associated long-term functional deficits. Cultured DRG neurons from adult mutant mice demonstrate similar deficits in neurite number and length. These results identify a critical role for galanin in the development and regeneration of sensory neurons.
Analysis of PITX3 gene in patients with multisystem atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Interactions of transcriptions factors Nurr1, Pitx3, and EN1 are involved in the maturation and survival of adult midbrain dopaminergic neurons during a lifetime. The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms in PITX3 gene in clinically diagnosed multisystem atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). In the group of 77 patients with MSA, 44 with PSP, and 6 with CBD, no pathogenic mutations were identified.
Fractional lower-order statistics for efficient adaptive temporal and spatial methods in non-Gaussian environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper addresses the problem of blind equalization for digital communications using constant modulus signals in the presence of heavy-tailed additive channel noise. We compare the performance of a temporal filter antenna system with the ones obtained with an array of sensors used at the receiver to copy the information sequence. First, we demonstrate the negative effects of channel noise to the original CMA cost function in terms of reliability and convergence. Then, we introduce a new CMA criterion for both temporal and spatial systems based on the fractional lower-order statistics (FLOS) of the received data. We perform an analytical study of the properties of the new cost function and we illustrate its convergence behavior through computer simulations.
Evolution of Thermal Reaction Norms in Seasonally Varying Environments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Thermal reaction norms of ectotherms exhibit a distinctive latitudinal pattern: the temperature at which performance is maximized coincides with the mean habitat temperature in tropical ectotherms but exceeds the mean temperature in temperate ectotherms. We hypothesize, on the basis of Jensen's inequality, that this pattern is driven by latitudinal variation in seasonal temperature fluctuations. We test this hypothesis with an eco-evolutionary model that integrates the quantitative genetics of reaction norm evolution with stage-structured population dynamics, which we parameterize with data from insects. We find that thermal optima of temperate and Mediterranean species evolve to exceed the mean habitat temperature if seasonal fluctuations are strong, while the thermal optimum of tropical species evolves to coincide with the mean habitat temperature if fluctuations are weak. Importantly, ecological dynamics can impose a constraint on reaction norm evolution. Tropical species cannot tolerate an increase in seasonal fluctuations at the high mean habitat temperature it experiences, while the temperate species cannot tolerate a reduction in seasonal fluctuations if the mean temperature is higher. In both cases, stochastic extinction during periods of low abundances precludes adaptation to a novel thermal environment. Our findings suggest a potential directionality in colonization success. Tropical ectotherms, because of their high thermal optima, can successfully colonize temperate habitats, while temperate ectotherms, because of their low optima, are less successful in colonizing tropical habitats.
Ocean carbon cycle and marine ecosystem dynamics

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

On the basis of discussion of present status and problems involved with research on the marine carbon cycle,the role of marine ecosystem dynamics in ocean carbon cycle is analysed.Early studies of the carbon cycle emphasized on the cycle of inorganic carbon.As the research is carried on in a deep going way,the carbon cycle model with a simple biogeochemical process even with an explicit ecosystem is being developed.The future research is pointed out that it includes a better understanding of the physical processes and development of the marine carbon cycle model with an explicit ecosystem.For this reason methods of parameterisation of some key processes should be studied in the marine ecosystem dynamics,and values of some parameters should be determined.It is expected that the future models can be used more precisely to study the response of the marine ecosystems and carbon cycle to global changes.
Stereo-based stochastic noise compensation based on trajectory GMMS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a novel stereo-based stochastic noise compensation technique based on trajectory GMMs. Although the GMM-based noise compensation techniques such as SPLICE work effective, their performance sometimes degrades due to the inappropriate dynamic characteristics caused by the frame-by-frame mapping. While the use of dynamic feature constraints on the mapping stage can alleviate this problem, it also introduces an inconsistency between training and mapping. The recently proposed trajectory GMM-based feature mapping technique can solve this inconsistency while keeping the benefits of the use of dynamic features, and offers an entire sequence-level transformation rather than the frame-by-frame mapping. Results from a noise compensation experiment on the AURORA-2 task show that the proposed trajectory GMM-based noise compensation technique outperforms the conventional ones.
Design and Implementation of Novel Single-Stage Charge-Pump Power-Factor-Correction Electronic Ballast for Metal Halide Lamp

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel single-stage charge-pump (CP) power-factor-correction (PFC) electronic ballast for metal halide (MH) lamps driven with the low-frequency square-wave current to avoid the acoustic-resonance problem. In order to achieve high power factor (PF) and meet the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) regulation, the CP PFC technique is applied to the full-bridge inverter of the conventional electronic ballast. Based on the analyses of the operational modes for the proposed electronic ballast, the design criteria of the CP components and the main inductor in the full-bridge inverter for the proposed electronic ballast are presented. A prototype circuit for a 35-W MH lamp is implemented to confirm the presented design criteria.
Study of aqueous and alcoholic husks of green apples against the bacterium Streptococcus viridans effect isolated from decayed teeth.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The results of this study, according to the stated her goals are to show identification counter the type of life and vegetation demodulator within the appropriate concentrations and the presence of a large and effective overlap when mixing anti-life with vegetable extract, as this study showed that the mixing of the anti-life process (Ceftriaxone‏), with vegetable alcoholic extract and concentration (8 %), the highest percentage inhibition of (16 mm), while the inhibition "damping-scale" space for an anti-life with an aqueous extract of green apple reached (11 mm), which refers to how effectively the synergistic mixture germ (Streptococcus viridians that causes tooth decay). Which leads us to think about using natural treatments rather than medical drugs and treatments chemical harmful health through the side effects harmful to their users, and costly economically income individuals and governments. So we recommend people with plenty of eating apples because it would interest at large to prevent disease and also said the wise old (one apple in the morning keeps the doctor away). That's what has been proven later through research conducted by a number of specialists in this area, where they are to complete the function of apples through the chemical components of effective clinically in the treatment of many diseases, particularly disease tooth decay, which is caused by bacteria (Streptococcus viridians) that what has been proven through experiences we had in this research and what has been proven in previous research to our present. Keywords: Streptococcus viridans, Teeth caries, Ceftriaxone‏, amoxicillin, green apples
Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging on Voltage and Current Harmonics at the Point of Common Coupling

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Under the future low greenhouse emissions goal, many countries are moving toward substituting Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles with Electric Vehicles (EVs). Mass EVs charging introduces various issues to the power grid, such as adverse harmonic impact. This paper aims to investigate the voltage and current harmonics impact produced by multiple EVs charging. An in-depth analysis of the third current harmonic presented in this study reveals that almost at any power level, the normal distribution can be assumed for the measured third current harmonic, excluding the third harmonic distortion associated with 50 to 75 percentiles of the peak power. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that low active power generally corresponds to low TDD, while high required power only sometimes implies a high TDD. Lastly, a potential topology of the power conversion from ac to dc was proposed based on the harmonics spectra.
Fair game: Urban free-ranging dogs balance resource use and risk aversion at seasonal fairs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Seasonal fairs, bustling with human activity, provide a unique environment for exploring the intricate interplay between humans and free-ranging dogs. This study investigated these interactions during seasonal fairs in Nadia and Bardhaman districts, West Bengal, India. Across 13 fairground sites, we explore how human footfall and resource availability impact dog behavior, with a particular emphasis on cognitive mechanisms. Data collection occurred from December to March, comprising three sessions - initial, middle, and end, each on three randomly selected days. Employing spot census and scan sampling methods, observers documented GPS locations, sex, and behaviors of free-ranging dogs. Videos captured interactions within the fair environment, revealing cognitive processes. Our analysis revealed a notable increase in human activity during the middle phase, coinciding with a rise in dog abundance. Dogs predominantly foraged, exhibited gait, and remained vigilant, their numbers positively associated with resource availability. Proximity to the fairground significantly shaped dog behavior, indicating cognitive processes in decision-making. Dogs closer to the fair demonstrated consistent behavior, likely due to immediate resource access, implying sophisticated cognitive mapping and resource utilization. Conversely, dogs from farther distances exhibited lower consistency and heightened aggression, intensifying foraging, gait, and vigilance activities, suggesting cognitive adaptations to resource scarcity and competition. These findings underscore the intricate relationship between human activity, resource availability, and the behavior and cognition of free-ranging dogs during seasonal fairs. They offer insights into the ecological dynamics of free-ranging dogs in human-influenced landscapes, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive management strategies in urban and peri-urban environments.
Instructional footprinting: a basis for exploiting concurrency through instructional decomposition and code motion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In many languages, the programmer is provided the capability of communicating through the use of function calls with other, separate, independent processes. This capability can be as simple as a service request made to the operating system or as advanced as Tuple Space operations specific to a Linda programming system. The problem with such calls, however, is that they block while waiting for data or information to be returned. This synchronous nature and lack of concurrency can be avoided by initiating a non-blocking request for data earlier in the code and retrieving the returned data later when it is needed. To facilitate a better understanding of how this type of concurrency can be exploited, we introduce an instructional footprint model and application framework that formally describes instructional decomposition and code motion activities. To demonstrate the effectiveness of such an approach, we apply instructional footprinting to programs using the Linda coordination language. <i>Linda Primitive Transposition</i> (LPT) and <i>Instruction Piggybacking</i> are discussed as techniques to increase the size of instructional footprints, and thereby improve the performance of Linda programs. We also present the concept of <i>Lexical Proximity</i> to demonstrate how the overlapping of footprints contributes to the speedup of Linda programs.
After Hugh: Statutory Race Segregation in Colonial America, 1630-1725

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article After Hugh: Statutory Race Segregation in Colonial America, 1630–1725 Get access Kevin Mumford Kevin Mumford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Legal History, Volume 43, Issue 3, July 1999, Pages 280–305, https://doi.org/10.2307/846160 Published: 01 July 1999
Cloning and Characterization of the Ribosomal Protein Genes in the spc Operon of a Prokaryotic Endosymbiont of the Pea Aphid,

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To correlate a prokaryotic endosymbiont in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon kondoi, with the endosymbionts in related aphid species as well as with free-living bacteria and subcellular organelles, and to study the mode of its gene expression within aphid cells, we have cloned and characterized the genes encoding