jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Situation Awareness Sub-Dimensions and Task Domains Modulate the Correlation of Situation Awareness and Performance: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Situation awareness (SA) and human performance are central to human factors research, yet studies have shown inconsistent results of their correlation. Previous reviews often overlooked the multifaceted nature of these concepts and potential moderating factors. This study aimed to identify moderators affecting the SA-performance relationship. A systematic review of 58 studies (60 independent samples, 283 effect sizes) showed a moderate correlation between SA and performance (r = 0.327). Moderator analysis revealed that SA sub-dimensions and task domains significantly moderated this correlation. The SA-performance correlation progressively increases from perception to comprehension and projection. The correlation between SA and driving performance is higher than those observed in complex tasks like aviation or nuclear power plant. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing drivers’ SA for safety and implementing targeted training to strengthen cognitive and operational skills in complex human-machine systems.
Mining viral protease data to extract cleavage knowledge

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Motivation: The motivation is to identify, through machine learning techniques, specific patterns in HIV and HCV viral polyprotein amino acid residues where viral protease cleaves the polyprotein as it leaves the ribosome. An understanding of viral protease specificity may help the development of future anti-viral drugs involving protease inhibitors by identifying specific features of protease activity for further experimental investigation. While viral sequence information is growing at a fast rate, there is still comparatively little understanding of how viral polyproteins are cut into their functional unit lengths. The aim of the work reported here is to investigate whether it is possible to generalise from known cleavage sites to unknown cleavage sites for two specific viruses—HIV and HCV. An understanding of proteolytic activity for specific viruses will contribute to our understanding of viral protease function in general, thereby leading to a greater understanding of protease families and their substrate characteristics. Results: Our results show that artificial neural networks and symbolic learning techniques (See5) capture some fundamental and new substrate attributes, but neural networks outperform their symbolic counterpart. Availability: Publicly available software was used (Stuttgart Neural Network Simulator—http://www-ra.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/SNNS/ and See5—http://www.rulequest.com. The datasets used (HIV, HCV) for See5 are available at: http://www.dcs.ex.ac.uk/~anarayan/bioinf/ismbdatasets/ Keywords: protase cleavage; protease inhibitors; machine learning; neural networks; decision trees. Contact: a.narayanan@ex.ac.uk; wuxikun@yahoo.com; z.r.yang@ex.ac.uk
Uniform Poincar{é} and logarithmic Sobolev inequalities for mean field particles systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we establish some explicit and sharp estimates of the spectral gap and the log-Sobolev constant for mean field particles system, uniform in the number of particles, when the confinement potential have many local minimums. Our uniform log-Sobolev inequality, based on Zegarlinski's theorem for Gibbs measures, allows us to obtain the exponential convergence in entropy of the McKean-Vlasov equation with an explicit rate constant, generalizing the result of [10] by means of the displacement convexity approach, or [19, 20] by Bakry-Emery technique or the recent [9] by dissipation of the Wasserstein distance.
APOPHATIC RATIONALISM IN ANGLOPHONE PHILOSOPHICAL THEOLOGY: HISTORICAL ASSESSMENT AND THEORETICAL OUTCOMES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the Anglophone intellectual world since the 1990s we witness a widespread movement of the academia from analytical philosophy more and more into continental philosophy, since neither themes, nor style, nor logics are effective criteria to distinguish the two, but the two came about because of historical circumstances, mainly the Second World War.[1] What really used to distinguish them was the hostility of analytical philosophy towards history of philosophy.[2] An hostility still present but quickly vanishing, [3] so that , hopefully, less and less continental philosophy will be confined to Nietzsche,Heidegger,Adorno,Foucault,Derrida,Ricoeur,Guattari,Lacan,Levinas and Deleuze, but will also include Descartes, Malebranche, Galilei, Spinoza, Grotius, Bodin,Leibniz,Wolf,Kant,Rousseau,Voltaire,Vico,Hegel,Fichte,Comte, Croce and Freud (without Freud, why Ricouer and Lacan, after all?).
Feasibility of Fast-Track Total Elbow Arthroplasty

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We reviewed the necessity of a cast and the effect of the implementation of functional discharge criteria at our institution. To consider feasibility of a fast-track total elbow arthroplasty programme, first an inquiry has to be performed to determine factors associated with length of stay. These factors can be translated to improvements of our daily practice to provide a fast-track programme. We retrospectively reviewed all patients’ records who received a Coonrad-Morrey total elbow arthroplasty in the period from January 1st 2012 to December 31st 2017. From these records, indications, demographic information and complications were derived. Length of stay was calculated from the hospital administration. In total 118 patients receiving 119 Coonrad Morrey total elbow arthroplasties were included with a mean length of stay of 5 days (range 2-23) for the whole group. After introduction of functional discharge criteria in August 2017 mean length of stay declined from 6.4 days to 3.6 days. Reasons for prolonged stay were six times persistent wound leakage, five times blistering of the skin (of whom two superficial surgical site infections requiring antibiotics), three times awaiting cultures, two awaiting rehabilitation, two cases of pneumonia and one evacuation of a hematoma, performed in one of thirteen ulnaropathies. Omitting a cast and splint as regular post-operative treatment reduced the length of stay significantly without leading to more complications. Introduction of functional discharge criteria lowered the length of stay further to 3.6 days without any complications.
The Tirone David procedure in acute type of aortic dissection - when, how, and why? The experience of Professor Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Acute type A aortic dissection represents a life-threatening cardiovascular emergency with catastrophic natural history and extremely high mortality in the absence of prompt surgical intervention. Over the last decades, surgical management has evolved from supracoronary replacement and composite root replacement (Bentall procedure) towards valve-sparing strategies, among which the Tirone David reimplantation procedure has gained increasing acceptance. Material and methods. We performed a single-center, retrospective observational study at the Professor Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Iasi, Romania, reviewing all patients undergoing surgery for acute type A aortic dissection over a 25-year period (January 2000 - January 2025). According to intraoperative anatomy and hemodynamic status, patients were treated with one of the following strategies: supracoronary ascending aortic replacement (with or without valve replacement), composite root replacement (Bentall), or valve-sparing aortic root replacement (Tirone David). Results. A total of 256 patients were operated for acute type A aortic dissection. Mean age was 55.8 years, with male predominance (69%). Hypertension was the most frequent risk factor (75%), and severe aortic regurgitation was present in 48% of cases. Valve-sparing root replacement was performed in 73% of patients (84% in the last 4 years), of which 16% were Tirone David procedures. Operative mortality was 13.7%, with a favorable downward trend over time. The most common complications were acute renal failure (21.5%, with hemodialysis in 16.8%), atrial fibrillation (18%), infectious complications (14-17%), neurological events (9.9%), and re-exploration for bleeding (11.3%). Median ICU stay was 9.8 days, and median hospital stay 17 days. Conclusions. In carefully selected patients with repairable cusps and reconstructable aortic root, the Tirone David procedure is our operation of choice, providing preservation of physiological hemodynamics and avoidance of lifelong anticoagulation. The Bentall operation remains indicated for irreparable valves, severely fragile tissue, or critical hemodynamic instability, where procedural simplicity and predictability are paramount. Our institutional experience demonstrates that the Tirone David procedure is feasible and safe in the acute setting, with encouraging early outcomes and a trend toward improved survival.
Bilateral Stereotaxic Lesions in the Management of Parkinsonism and the Dyskinesias

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since the establishment of stereotaxic surgery as a therapeutic procedure of value in the management of Parkinsonism and the dyskinesias, most centres specializing in this operation have carried it out bilaterally in some of their patients. However, bilateral stereotaxic surgery has been associated with a certain amount of hazard, somewhat greater than in the case of unilateral operations. There has been a general reluctance to subject these patients to operation on both hemispheres, and the criteria for selection for surgery have been more strictly applied before the second procedure.
Global stability of the interior equilibrium and the stability of Hopf bifurcating limit cycle in a model for crop pest control

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

<p>Mathematical modeling and analysis of a crop-pest interacting system helps us to understand the dynamical properties of the system such as stability, bifurcations and chaos. In this article, a predator-prey type mathematical model for pest control using bio-pesticides has been analysed to study the global stability property of the interior equilibrium point. Moreover, the occurrence and orbital stability of Hopf bifurcating limit cycle solutions have been studied using ref30's conditions. Analytical and numerical results show that the interior equilibrium of the pest control model is globally asymptotically stable. Also, Hopf bifurcating occurs when the bifurcation parameter crosses the critical value, and the bifurcating periodic solution is found to be stable.</p>
Coupled analysis of hydrogen diffusion, deformation, and fracture: a review

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Hydrogen (H), emerging as a sustainable and promising clean energy source, holds significant potential for transitioning towards a H-based economy, offering a cleaner alternative to traditional fossil fuels. However, hydrogen embrittlement (HE) poses a substantial obstacle to this transition, impacting critical sectors such as transportation, defense, energy production, and construction. Computational modeling, driven by the continuous development of new algorithms and high-performance computing platforms, emerges as an attractive avenue to unravel and address the complexities associated with HE. In particular, a multidisciplinary modeling approach shows potential in investigating the intricate interactions between H and materials across different temporal and spatial scales. Over the last few decades, there have already been many developments in computational modeling investigations based on a coupled study of H diffusion, deformation, and fracture processes to address multifaceted aspects of the HE problem. This comprehensive review sheds light on these advancements, providing insights into the modeling methodologies adopted in these investigations and their results. The review begins with a concise overview of commonly adopted mechanisms to explain HE. Thereafter, the discussion shifts to various advancements in H diffusion modeling, from early works to most recent developments, encompassing diverse aspects, such as H uptake and diffusion through the lattice structure and the role of microstructural traps and material microstructure. The last section of the review focuses on several theoretical and numerical studies that simulate how H affects the fracture characteristics and mechanical properties of various metals and alloys. This discussion includes applications of various state-of-the-art fracture models to predict H-assisted crack growth, as well as a range of theoretical models, continuum-based finite element simulations, and micro-meso scale modeling studies.
Sound pressure in the external auditory canal during bone-conduction testing.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Sound pressure levels (SPLs) were measured in the external auditory canals (EACs) of 16 subjects with normal hearing and normal middle ear immittance. SPLs were the result of bone-conduction (BC) stimulation at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, with the oscillator placed either on the forehead or on the mastoid process. At 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, significantly higher SPLs were measured when the head was stimulated from the mastoid than from the forehead. When SPLs were compared between right and left EACs, forehead placement of the oscillator produced no interaural differences, while mastoid placement resulted in significantly greater EAC SPLs ipsilateral to the oscillator at 2000 and 4000 Hz. We conclude that forehead placement of a BC vibrator may help to lessen the (unwanted) contribution of the EAC to measurements of hearing sensitivity by BC.
Variational Osmosis for Non-linear Image Fusion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a new variational model for non-linear image fusion. Our approach is based on the use of an osmosis energy term related to the one studied in Vogel et al. (2013) and Weickert et al. (2013) The minimization of the proposed non-convex energy realizes visually plausible image data fusion, invariant to multiplicative brightness changes. On the practical side, it requires minimal supervision and parameter tuning and can encode prior information on the structure of the images to be fused. For the numerical solution of the proposed model, we develop a primal-dual algorithm and we apply the resulting minimization scheme to solve multi-modal face fusion, color transfer and cultural heritage conservation problems. Visual and quantitative comparisons to state-of-the-art approaches prove the out-performance and the flexibility of our method.
The shared design of educational spaces: the architecture of El Equipo Mazzanti between sustainability and inclusion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Issues related to the climate and environmental emergency are assuming centrality within the pedagogical discourse, which, along with other disciplinary fields, faces the challenging task of designing educational interventions capable of fostering the development of ecological awareness and stimulating people’s concrete commitment to the environment. Specifically, given the crucial role that the conformation and organization of public spaces play in the human educational process, the consolidation of the fruitful dialogue between pedagogical sciences and architectural and urban planning knowledge becomes essential. Building on these premises, the article analyzes the work of Colombian architect Giancarlo Mazzanti, whose interest with respect to ecological issues is reflected not only in his choice of eco-sustainable materials and efficient energy systems, but also in the educational intentionality inherent in each work. The spaces designed by Mazzanti, also through the involvement of the local community, seem to embody the principle of sustainability by virtue of their incompleteness, which fosters unprecedented relationships between people and the context, offers new learning opportunities and develops a conscious and responsible attitude toward the environment. La progettazione condivisa degli spazi educativi: l’architettura di El Equipo Mazzanti tra sostenibilità e inclusione. Le questioni relative all’emergenza climatica e ambientale stanno assumendo centralità all’interno del discorso pedagogico, che ha l’arduo compito, insieme ad altri ambiti disciplinari, di progettare interventi educativi capaci di favorire lo sviluppo della coscienza ecologica e di stimolare l’impegno concreto delle persone nei confronti dell’ambiente. Nello specifico, dato il ruolo cruciale che la conformazione e l’organizzazione degli spazi di uso pubblico hanno nel processo di formazione umana, risulta essenziale il consolidamento del fecondo dialogo tra le scienze pedagogiche e i saperi architettonici e urbanistici. Muovendo da tali premesse, l’articolo analizza il lavoro dell’architetto colombiano Giancarlo Mazzanti, il cui interesse rispetto ai temi ecologici si riflette non solo nella scelta di materiali ecosostenibili e di efficienti sistemi energetici, ma anche nell’intenzionalità educativa intrinseca in ogni opera. Gli spazi progettati da Mazzanti, anche attraverso il coinvolgimento della comunità locale, sembrano incarnare il principio di sostenibilità in virtù della loro incompiutezza, che favorisce inedite relazioni tra le persone e il contesto, offre nuove opportunità di apprendimento e sviluppa un atteggiamento consapevole e responsabile nei confronti dell’ambiente.
Salivary Streptococcus mutans levels in patients with conventional and self-ligating brackets

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bracket type (conventional and self-ligating) on the levels of Streptococcus mutans and total bacterial counts in whole saliva of orthodontic patients. Thirty-two male and female patients were selected using the following inclusion criteria: adolescents (mean age 13.6 years, range 11-17 years), fixed appliances in both arches, non-smoker, and no reported oral habits. Demographic and oral hygiene characteristics were determined for each subject. The patients were subdivided into two groups with random allocation of bracket type (conventional or self-ligating). An initial saliva sample was obtained before the initiation of treatment (T1) and a second sample 2-3 months following appliance bonding (T2). Salivary S. mutans and total bacteria were enumerated and analysed after growth in culture. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the samples were analysed with a t- or chi-square test, where applicable, to assess the random allocation of bracket group to participants. The results of S. mutans and total facultative bacterial counts were log transformed and statistically analysed with analysis of covariance with bracket (conventional versus self-ligating) as the categorical variable and initial total bacterial counts or initial S. mutans levels serving as the covariate. No difference was found in the demographics and oral hygiene indices between the two groups, verifying the random assignment of brackets to the population sample. The levels of S. mutans in whole saliva of orthodontically treated patients do not seem to be significantly different between conventional and self-ligating brackets. The pre-treatment levels of S. mutans are significant predictors of the levels of S. mutans after placement of orthodontic appliances, while this was not the case for total bacterial counts.
Simvastatin Ameliorates PAK4 Inhibitor-Induced Gut and Lung Injury

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

P21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4), a key regulator of cytoskeletal rearrangement and endothelial microparticles (EMPs), is released after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. In addition, it participates in LPS-induced lung injury. In this study, forty-eight Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into two groups, including PAK4 inhibitor (P) and PAK4 inhibitor + simvastatin (P + S) treatment groups. All rats were given PAK4 inhibitor (15 mg/kg/d) orally. Immediately after PAK4 inhibitor administration, simvastatin was injected intraperitoneally to P + S group animals at 20 mg/kg/day. Then, treatment effects on the intestinal mucosal barrier and lung injury caused by PAK4 inhibitor and simvastatin were assessed. The results showed that gut Zonula Occludens- (ZO-) 1, PAK4, mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MPAK4), and CD11c protein levels were reduced, while plasma endotoxin levels were increased after administration of PAK4 inhibitor. Furthermore, compared with normal rats, wet-to-dry (W/D) values of lung tissues and circulating EMP levels were increased in the treatment group, while PAK4 and CD11c protein amounts were reduced. Therefore, in this lung injury process induced by PAK4 inhibitor, the protective effects of simvastatin were reflected by intestinal mucosal barrier protection, inflammatory response regulation via CD11c+ cells, and cytoskeleton stabilization. In summary, PAK4 is a key regulator in the pathophysiological process of acute lung injury (ALI) and can be a useful target for ALI treatment.
Synthesis and characterisation of PEGDA-based hydrogels crosslinked with pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-Mercaptopropionate)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

PEGDA-based hydrogels have been synthesised successfully by photopolymerisation and Michael-type addition reaction. Before the hydrogel is prepared, degree of acrylation is determined by 1H NMR characterisation. Photo-crosslinked hydrogels has been characterised by FTIR and show successful thiol-linkage with the acrylate moieties. Selected PEGDA-based hydrogels have been put through Instron tensile and cyclic tests, and show highly elastic behaviour. The rheometry test reaffirmed the high elastic behaviour of selected PEGDA-based hydrogels through its corresponding high storage moduli for PEGDA macromers synthesized from PEG of Mw 8000 Da and 10000 Da. Equilibrium swelling test indicates the high water content and swelling ratio of photo-crosslinked hydrogels synthesized with PEGDA macromers with high degree of acrylation. Similar trend is found in Michael-type addition crosslinked hydrogels synthesized from PEG of Mw 4000 Da, 8000 Da and 10000 Da. In addition, higher wt% concentration of PEGDA involved in the preparation of Michael-type addition crosslinked hydrogels indicate better rheological property in terms of higher storage moduli. Equilibrium swelling test is performed to determine the composition of the three types of water existing in hydrogels. During degradation test, unexpected mass loss behaviour is observed in photo-crosslinked PEGDA-based hydrogels with high composition of non-freezing water indicated quantitatively by DSC test.
Effect of Female Superhero Body Types on Parasocial Relationships, Perceived Homophily and Self-Esteem of College Women

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examines how exposure to female superheroes’ body images increases the strength of parasocial relationships, perceived homophily, and level of self-esteem that female college students experience. Three images of female superheroes were manipulated into round, muscular, and hyper-thin body types. Eighty-one students at a west coast university were randomly assigned to view one of three images of the female superhero. After viewing the images, the participants were asked to answer three Likert scales to determine the strength of parasocial relationships to the superheroine (bonds with the character), perceived homophily (perceived similarity), and self-esteem. The results of the study indicate that a female superhero with a muscular body type is the most prominent in the strength of parasocial relationships and increase in self-esteem of female college students compared to round and hyper-thin body types, whereas none of the body types had a significant effect on perceived homophily.