jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
RCS SCATTERING ANALYSIS USING THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL MRTD SCHEME

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A three-dimensional electromagnetic scattering model based on the multiresolution time-domain (MRTD) scheme is presented, in which we apply an anisotropic perfectly matched layer absorber for open boundary truncation to the MRTD scattering analysis. With use of an initial-condition excitation technique based on a pair of one-dimensional MRTD update equations, we develop an MRTD near-to-far-zone field transform to derive the scattered fields. We also adopt the pure scattered field formulation in order to obtain effective incident and scattered fields. With applications of the MRTD scheme, we construct the surface equivalent currents in the near field region and further derive the radar cross section (RCS) in the far-zone region for different scattering targets including perfectly electric conductors, lossless, and lossy dielectric targets. We show that the results derived from the MRTD scheme are in good agreement with those of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method as well as the method of moments (MoM), while the MRTD scheme requires much less computer memory and CPU time for the same level of accuracy.
Why Did You Not Act on Our Suggestion? Regulatory and Growth-Oriented Opportunities During Ethical Review: A Case Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Australia, before conducting research with human participants, researchers must have their research plan reviewed by a Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) to ensure that proposed methods meet ethical requirements and protect the welfare of participants. In addition, it has been proposed that HRECs can contribute to a novice researcher’s ethical mindfulness. To explore this suggestion, the current self-reflective case study examines the dialogue between a PhD candidate and the HREC that reviewed his proposed study of family bereavement in the context of the potential for organ donation. Findings suggest that when a respectful, problem-solving attitude is adopted by both parties, a learning environment evolves where diverse views, differences of opinion, and novel solutions are tolerated. In this context, the research plan is improved and the novice researcher’s ability to apply research ethics is developed. Simultaneously, members of the HREC gain practice in the identification of ethical dilemmas and the application of ethical principles that help resolve those dilemmas.
LEFM to Investigate the Impact of Deteriorated Particles in Composite Material

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to its distinguished properties especially being isotropic, particulate reinforced composite is considered as one of the attractive material for wide range of applications, where the relatively low manufacturing cost is a desirable advantage. In the present analysis, deteriorated particles embedded in particulate reinforced composite have been investigated. The impact of the fractured particles is studied through the principles of fracture mechanics using finite element method. Mainly the stiffness variation of the composite due to the presence of the fractured particles is mainly predicted, since it is considered as an important factor especially from the view point of the damage-tolerant design of composite structures. A representative volume element (RVE) has been selected to represent the particulate composite with different particle volume fractions. It is important to point out that based on a previous investigation and comparison between two and three dimensional finite element analysis for a particulate reinforced composite, two-dimensional, plane strain finite element analysis is used to estimate the stresses and deformation that taken place. Uniaxial tensile stress perpendicular to the crack face of the fractured particle has been applied to the representative volume element. Due to symmetry of the studied geometries, quarter of the representative volume element is modeled via finite element method with a consistent mesh as possible to maintain reliable results. Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) is adopted through estimating stress intensity factor (SIF) of the cracked particles. Basically, the investigation covers the assessment of fractured particles with different crack lengths, where the particle’s stiffness is considered as a substantial parameter in the analysis in combination with others. Moreover, various particles volume fractions are taken into account to figure out their influence on the effective Young’s modulus of the representative volume element chosen for the studied cases. Multiple point constraints (MPC) technique is adopted in the finite element model to calculate the effective stiffness of the fractured particle. In general, it has been shown that there is a considerable influence of the deteriorated particles on increasing stress intensity factor levels at the crack tip as long as the crack length increases with respect to the particle size, and this basically depends on the stiffness ratio of the matrix/particle considered in the analysis. In the other hand, it has been noticed that a significant reduction in the effective stiffness of the particulate composite which is calculated based on the modeled representative volume element as a function of the crack length.
Somatomedin in children with chronic renal insufficiency - relationship to growth rate and energy intake.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relationship of energy intake, growth rate and serum concentration of somatomedin-A was evaluated in eighteen children with chronic renal insufficiency. Serum concentrations of somatomedin-A were found to be 0.84 micro/ml in normal children and were elevated to 3.06 micro/ml in children with chronic renal insufficiency prior to dialysis (p less than 0.01). Somatomedin-A concentrations increased during chronic hemodialysis to 5.81 micro/ml and decreased to 1.59 micro/ml following successful renal transplantation (p less than 0.01). Serum concentrations of somatomedin-A correlated with residual glomerular filtration rates (r = -0.5), serum creatinine concentration (r = 0.59), and blood urea nitrogen (r = 0.6). Growth rates correlated with energy intake (r = 0.58) and somatomedin-A concentrations (r = 0.4) in the children with chronic renal insufficiency. Both energy intake and somatomedin-A increased significantly after one year of nutritional supplementation. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that somatomedin, like other polypeptide hormones, is elevated in uremia and that increased energy intake may affect the growth of children with chronic renal insufficiency by increasing somatomedin levels.
Legends of N.C. State Basketball: Dick Dickey, Tommy Burleson, David Thompson, Jim Valvano, and Other Wolfpack Stars

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The fever that is college basketball on Tobacco Road started from a small outbreak in Raleigh, North Carolina, when Indiana basketball legend Everett Case became the coach at N.C. State University. He restarted the dormant construction of Reynolds Coliseum, and for fifty years, it was one of the most important basketball arenas in the country. Through the years, the Wolfpack has won two NCAA championships and ten Atlantic Coast Conference championships while giving the sport of college basketball some of its brightest color, from the plaid jackets worn by Norm Sloan to the unbelievable athletic ability of David Thompson to the mouth of Jim Valvano, who spewed one-liners at the speed of hummingbird wings. There have also been dark days during State's sixty-year history as a member of the ACC. N.C. State basketball has a long history of producing stars, comebacks, and even a few villains, all of which of are detailed by Tim Peeler in this reissue of Legends of N.C. State Basketball. Skyhorse Publishing, as well as our Sports Publishing imprint, are proud to publish a broad range of books for readers interested in sports--books about baseball, pro football, college football, pro and college basketball, hockey, or soccer, we have a book about your sport or your team. Whether you are a New York Yankees fan or hail from Red Sox nation; whether you are a die-hard Green Bay Packers or Dallas Cowboys fan; whether you root for the Kentucky Wildcats, Louisville Cardinals, UCLA Bruins, or Kansas Jayhawks; whether you route for the Boston Bruins, Toronto Maple Leafs, Montreal Canadiens, or Los Angeles Kings; we have a book for you. While not every title we publish becomes a New York Times bestseller or a national bestseller, we are committed to publishing books on subjects that are sometimes overlooked by other publishers and to authors whose work might not otherwise find a home.
Synchronization of coupled time-delay systems: Analytical estimations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The synchronization threshold of coupled time-delay chaotic systems is estimated by two different analytical approaches. One of them is based on the Krasovskii-Lyapunov theory that represents an extension of the second Lyapunov method for delay differential equations. Another approach uses a perturbation theory of large delay time. The analytical expression relating synchronization threshold to the maximal Lyapunov exponent of uncoupled driving and response subsystems is derived. The analytical results are compared with the numerical simulations for two coupled Mackey-Glass systems.
“I Wonder Should I Go or Should I Stay…”: Retention of Higher Education Students in an Australian University

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The overall objective of this chapter is to explore the relationship between internationalised curriculum, international students' satisfaction with the internationalised curriculum being provided by the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, Australia and international students' retention. We define student retention as the continuous enrolment in courses until graduation. Mixed-methods research was employed in the analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data in this study. The quantitative component consisted of data from Higher Education Onshore - Student Experience Survey run by Survey Services Centre of RMIT University in 2012 and the qualitative component included analysis of interview data. The influence of internationalised curriculum on student retention, which is the main goal of this study, has not been addressed in previous studies. Thus, in this chapter, we explore the relationship between internationalised curriculum and student retention. In this chapter we focus on the academic approach, course content and teaching methods in relation to curriculum and their relationship with students' retention. We report significant insights into understanding the importance of different elements of curriculum affecting student retention. In this chapter it has been assumed that the curriculum at RMIT University has been internationalised, therefore, practical outcomes may result from this study with regards to understanding the components of the internationalised curriculum and their relationship with student retention. This may assist to create better institutional policies and inform better decision making for university officials and administrators as they strive to implement such internationalised endeavours.
The role and relevance of mast cells in urticaria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary This review presents evidence that the skin mast cell, in particular the MC TC subtype, is the primary effector cell in urticaria. Mast cells are located in the upper dermis, the ideal situation for wheal formation and sensory nerve stimulation. Increased numbers of mast cells are found in both lesional and non‐lesional skin in CSU and inducible urticaria. Mast cell degranulation in the area of wheals has been demonstrated repeatedly by light and electron microscopy. Histamine, PGD 2 and tryptase are found in the venous blood draining wheal formation. The last 2 are specific for mast cells rather than basophils. Mast cell reactivity is increased in active urticaria by local inflammatory cytokines and neuropeptides. Mast cell cytokines and neuropeptides, particularly nerve growth factor, induce a Th2 type inflammation that is particularly obvious at the sites of whealing. In conclusion, autoimmunity, either of Type 1 viz. IgE antibodies to local autoallergens, or Type 2b, viz. IgG autoantibodies to IgE or its receptor, are considered to be the most frequent causes of CSU . In both cases, the mast cell is likely to be the axial cell in producing the wheals.
How to cope with air transport disruptions: airport airside resilience and vulnerability

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The efficiency of airport airside operations is often compromised by unplanned disruptive events of different kinds, such as bad weather, strikes or technical failures, which negatively influence the punctuality and regularity of operations, causing serious delays and unexpected congestion. They may provoke important impacts and economic losses on passengers, airlines and airport operators, and consequences may propagate in the air network throughout different airports. In order to identify strategies to cope with such events and minimize their impacts, it is crucial to understand how disruptive events affect airports’ performance. The research field related with the risk of severe air transport network disruptions and their impact on society is related to the concepts of vulnerability and resilience. The main objective of this project is to provide a framework that allows to evaluate performance losses and consequences due to unexpected disruptions affecting airport airside operations, supporting the development of a methodology for estimating vulnerability and resilience indicators for airport airside operations. The methodology proposed comprises three phases. In the first phase, airside operations are modelled in both the baseline and disrupted scenarios. The model includes all main airside processes and takes into consideration the uncertainties and dynamics of the system. In the second phase, the model is implemented by using a generic simulation software, AnyLogic. Vulnerability is evaluated by taking into consideration the costs related to flight delays, cancellations and diversions; resilience is determined as a function of the loss of capacity during the entire period of disruption. In the third phase, a Bayesian Network is built in which uncertain variables refer to airport characteristics and disruption type. The Bayesian Network expresses the conditional dependence among these variables and allows to predict the impacts of disruptions on an airside system, determining the elements which influence the system resilience the most.
The role of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of severe asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A number of therapeutic agents are available for the treatment of asthma, including inhaled corticosteroids, long- and short-acting beta-agonists, leukotriene-modifying agents, long- and short-acting anticholinergic agents, chromones, theophylline, allergen immunotherapy, and oral corticosteroid therapy. All available therapies, despite their proven efficacy, are purely symptomatic including the topical steroids. This issue has led to the development of several biologic agents to aid in asthma management and to potentially alter the course of the disease by interfering with specific aspects of inflammation which may modify remodeling in the airways. Monoclonal antibodies have offered a class of therapeutic agents that enhance treatment options for patients with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma. As such, this article provides an overview of present and future monoclonal antibody therapies for the treatment of patients with severe asthma.
The 1984 Sarajevo Winter Olympics and Identity-Formation in Late Socialist Sarajevo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article explores the relationship between the 1984 Sarajevo winter Olympics and the city's pronouncedly pro-Yugoslav orientation in the late socialist period. Based on its theoretical assertion that identity-formation is closely related to cultural representations, the article comprises a series of representation analyses. It stresses the importance of the socio-historical context and draws on the recent research on the topic of the Olympics. Analysing the Olympics as a point of reference in identity-formation, the article argues that the Olympics emerged as an important temporal and cultural marker, in relation to which Sarajevans' identity work was done. Moreover, stressing the linkage between ideology, political mythology, and identity-formation, the article examines how Sarajevans' sense of Yugoslavness was related to their city's image as 'a miniature Yugoslavia' and how this image was reproduced, and even strengthened, during the Olympic period. Finally, exploring the reinvention of the city and Yugoslavia's Olympic tradition, the article shows how the Olympics by assisting the process of re-identifying the Yugoslav society became a bearer of the city's identity.
The “Nail-o-flex” Nail as a New Procedure in distal Radius Fractures. A continuous Series of 105 Cases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Distal radius fractures are a daily problem in the elderly. Its treatment remains a critical challenge due to the number of cases, the final cost of the intervention, the level of X-ray irradiation and a demanding fixation of the fragments in osteoporotic bone. The entire closed procedure requires strict percutaneous nailing. This offers advantages in terms of postoperative pain, intraoperative radiation and cost. The main problem so far has been the ability to ensure a stable reduction in time. This point is discussed with the introduction of the “Nail-o-flex®” nail. A continuous series of 105 patients is introduced.
Smooth Energy Mappings of Freeform Lens Design for Non-circular Distribution of Luminance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Energy mappings of edge rays are required in design of a freeform lens for LED illumination. The mappings dominate the outcome of the lens design and the final distribution of the LED light illumination. Smoothness of the mappings is critical to assure the edge-ray principle hold. Design of energy mappings with good smoothness for circular distribution of uniform luminance is known, but the design for non-circular distribution is not well discussed in the literature yet. In this paper, a design method of smooth energy mappings for rectangular distribution of uniform luminance is proposed. It will be demonstrated by the Monte Carlo ray tracing simulations that the proposed mappings can generate luminance distribution with a clear-cut horizon and a 15° slope.
Network Sensitivity Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Incremental as well as large change sensitivity computation is frequently required for design optimization and computer aided design. For probabilistic analysis need also exists for multi variable sensitivity computation. In general incremental sensitivity computation can be handled using sensitivity network, adjoint network and algebraic matrix techniques. With sensitivity and adjoint network approaches, the algebraic differential operator notation presents an integrated approach for derivation of results in frequency and time domain. The main difference in the two approaches consists in solution of all or one network variable with respect to one or all m parameters undergoing change. Further difference exists when considering higher order sensitivity co-efficients since use of sensitivity network approach for nth order co-efficients necessitates solution of all (n—1) order sensitivity networks but adjoint network technique entails solution of (m+2) networks of which one is original and (m+1) are adjoint networks with unit drivers. The adjoint networks results also facilitate extension to a variety of applications. The algebraic matrix approach as applicable to linear time invariant networks in frequency domain is based on sensitivity network concept but results in ex plicit sensitivity vectors corresponding to hybrid formulation. The latter formulation is also used to derive explicit expression for large change sensitivity in terms of a modified system matrix of order typically equal to number of varying parameters. Since the number of parameters undergoing change is generally small as compared to total number of components in a large system, the method results in computational saving.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Blocking SDF-1α/CXCR4 Downregulates PDGF-B and Inhibits Bone Marrow–Derived Pericyte Differentiation and Tumor Vascular Expansion in Ewing Tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>PDF - 54K, Western blot analysis showing that while the study cells TC71 and A4573 express CXCR4, CXCR7 protein expression is low.</p>
Implementation of a discontinuous control law on a robot during collision with a stiff environment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Practical tasks may require making transitions from free motion to contact motion and from contact motion to free motion. Recently, a discontinuous control law has been shown to provide stability during these transitions. The theory is extended by modifying the discontinuous control law to account for bounded parameter uncertainty. A facility for testing contact task control laws has been designed and built. The facility consists of a two-degree-of-freedom robot, a machine which stimulates a one-degree-of-freedom spring-mass-damper system, and a microcomputer for controlling both of these in real time. The robot has a horizontal, parallel link construction. High-precision direct-drive motors are used which reduce the backlash and friction associated with gear-driven joints. The spring-mass-damper machine is used to create a contact surface with dynamics that can be specified. Software has been designed to make implementation of a wide variety of control laws possible.< >
Contrasting biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships in phylogenetic and functional diversity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary It is well known that ecosystem functioning is positively influenced by biodiversity. Most biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments have measured biodiversity based on species richness or phylogenetic relationships. However, theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that ecosystem functioning should be more closely related to functional diversity than to species richness. We applied different metrics of biodiversity in an artificial biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiment using 64 species of green microalgae in combinations of two to 16 species. We found that phylogenetic and functional diversity were positively correlated with biomass overyield, driven by their strong correlation with species richness. At low species richness, no significant correlation between overyield and functional and phylogenetic diversity was found. However, at high species richness (16 species), we found a positive relationship of overyield with functional diversity and a negative relationship with phylogenetic diversity. We show that negative phylogenetic diversity–ecosystem functioning relationships can result from interspecific growth inhibition. The opposing performances of facilitation (functional diversity) and inhibition (phylogenetic diversity) we observed at the 16 species level suggest that phylogenetic diversity is not always a good proxy for functional diversity and that results from experiments with low species numbers may underestimate negative species interactions.