jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Marketing in emerging economies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

During the last part of the 1970s and the early years of the 1980s, first the countries in Asia, known as Asian Tigers, then those in Latin America, started to liberalise and develop their economies coupled with the adoption of marketoriented policies.This coined a fresh term, 'newly industrialising countries'.Over time, this term was substituted by the phrase 'emerging market economies'.For nearly three decades the role of a large number of those countries generally referred to as emerging economies has grown in the world as they have adopted increasingly conspicuous positions in the global economy.These countries represent more than four-fifths of the planet's inhabitants who are making a disproportionately small, though ever increasing, contribution to the world economy.The definition of the term 'emerging market economy' relates to sustained economic development and the implementation of government policies that support economic liberalisation and the adoption of a market-led system (Arnold and Quelch, 1998).This definition covers a broad range of states, different in size, and referred to as emerging due to their lower level of development and actual or intentional implementation of market-oriented transformations, in comparison to advanced economies.Thus, China, globally recognised as an economic miracle and world industrial powerhouse, is branded as an emerging economy in conjunction with dramatically less important economies, such as Egypt or even Bosnia and Herzegovina.The common distinguishing features of emerging economies are their economic advancement, although at a different pace and implementation of market-led modifications and with specific country/region characteristics, and their aspiration to increase their contributions to the global economy.Generally, these countries are involved in transformational processes of restructuring their economies from being inward-looking, engaged in the implementation of import substitution policies, to having an open-market economic performance.From different starting positions and with varying approaches to their transformation processes, examples can be given from Latin American countries and from states in the ex-Soviet Bloc.Throughout the transformation, when emerging economies implement economic restructuring, there is a constant stimulus to the growth of the internal and external market characteristics of the countries fulfilling these processes.A crucial process in emerging economies is the growth of investments by local or foreign investors who create new, or acquire existing, domestic
Numerical simulation of fluid flow around porous fences and highways

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An initial study to develop a numerical tool by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods for investigating the air flow characteristics around the porous fences and highway was completed. In order to satisfy the requirements for the building and construction of highway in the desert areas, a detailed CFD model was built and a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation was performed by using a commercial package ANSYS. By comparing with available test data, the RANS simulations are substantially consistent with existing experimental results. The flow distribution function, height of porous fences and porosity and number of openings significantly affect the air flow in the vicinity of the porous fence. Also, the wake zone increases with increasing height of the roadbed and the grade of side slope. Thus, the present framework is useful to investigate the general airflow pattern in and around other engineering constructions.
Comparative immunogenicities of Vi polysaccharide-protein conjugates composed of cholera toxin or its B subunit as a carrier bound to high- or lower-molecular-weight Vi

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The effect of molecular weight or size of the components on the immunogenicity of polysaccharide-protein conjugates prepared with the native Vi capsular polysaccharide (Vi) (approximately 3 x 10(3) kilodaltons) or lower-molecular-weight Vi (Vis; approximately 46 kilodaltons) abound to cholera toxin (CT) or to its B subunit (CTB) was studied. In mice, Vi-CT, Vi-CTB, and Vis-CTB elicited higher Vi antibody levels than the Vi alone (P less than 0.0001). Vi-CT and Vi-CTB were more immunogenic than Vis-CTB (P less than 0.01). CT or Vi-CT elicited higher levels of CT antibodies, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, than did CTB or Vi-CTB. In rhesus monkeys, the Vi conjugates elicited higher Vi antibody levels than the Vi alone (P less than 0.01). Vi-CTB elicited higher levels of Vi antibody after each injection than did Vis-CTB. Similar levels of CT antibodies, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were elicited by all three conjugates. In contrast, Vi-CT elicited higher levels of neutralizing antibodies than Vi-CTB or Vis-CTB when either CT or the related heat-labile toxin of Escherichia coli was used as the antigen. These results indicate that the holotoxin and the native Vi provide the most immunogenic components for conjugates designed to induce both Vi and CT antibodies.
E2/M1 Mixing Ratios for Gamma Transitions in 151Sm

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Measurements of gamma-gamma angular correlations in 151 Sm following the decay of 151 Pm have been made. A dual parameter (4096 ch.×4096 ch.) coincidence method with two Ge(Li) detectors was used. Multipole mixing ratios (E2/M1) of 17 gamma rays were deduced. Among them, six mixing ratios were determined for the first time. The parity of the 663.4 keV and 773.8 keV levels was assigned to be negative. Experimental large absolute values of E2/M1 mixing ratios of δ 349.8 =2.46 ± 0.91 1.43 , δ 597.7 =-4.30 ± 19.4 2.74 , δ 636.1 =-3.41 ± 0.32 0.29 and δ 669.2 =-69.3 ± ∞ 58.9 agree with a calculation which takes vibrational components into account.
Nietzsche as a Critic of Genealogical Debunking: Making Room for Naturalism without Subversion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper argues that Nietzsche is a critic of just the kind of genealogical debunking he is popularly associated with. We begin by showing that interpretations of Nietzsche which see him as engaging in genealogical debunking turn him into an advocate of nihilism, for on his own premises, any truthful genealogical inquiry into our values is going to uncover what most of his contemporaries deem objectionable origins and thus license global genealogical debunking. To escape nihilism and make room for naturalism without indiscriminate subversion, we then argue, Nietzsche targets the way of thinking about values that permits genealogical debunking: far from trying to subvert values simply by uncovering their origins, Nietzsche is actively criticizing genealogical debunking thus understood. Finally, we draw out the consequences of our reading for Nietzsche’s positive vision.
A novel driver fatigue monitoring using optical imaging of face on safe driving system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the global main goal of the safety driving system is protecting the driver, passenger(s), car, and surrounding environment against accident which are caused by external and internal factors. Driver fatigue, one of the major internal factors, is a leading reason of vehicle breakdown according to a survey done by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Thus, it is necessary to build driver fatigue monitoring system. We, then, propose a technique based on optical imaging through digital camera that installed on the car dashboard. The camera detects and tracks the driver face. From the driver face, we can apply non-contact photoplesthymography (PPG) in order to get multiple physiological signals such as brainwave, cardiac and respiration pulses. Those physiological signals can be utilized to measure fatigue level. Alteration in facial features like eyes, mouth, and head, can be used to observe the driver fatigue as well. We propose to use supervised descent method (SDM) with scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) to excerpt information from the facial features. To classify the fatigue level from those multiple parameters, support vector machine (SVM) will be implemented.
Employee Rentention at Danang Dapharco

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study determines the factors affecting at Danang Dapharco. The thesis uses quantitative research methodswith sample of 173 employees working at the company. The research shows that there are seven positive impact on employee retention. Specifically,“Working – Life Balance” has the most positive effect, followed by “Compensation”, “Rewards and Welfare”, “Training and Development”, “Working Environment”, “Superior Relationship” and the least influential factor is “Colleague Relationship”.
Evaluation of Pediatric Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension: Yield of Diagnostic Testing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE. Children and adolescents with newly diagnosed hypertension undergo various tests to define the cause and target organ consequences of the elevated blood pressure. We tested the hypothesis that the diagnostic yield of individual components of the currently recommended assessment does not justify performance for all patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. METHODS. A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients who were referred between July 2002 and June 2007 for mild-to-moderate hypertension, defined as maximum blood pressure at ≥95% + 20/10 mmHg. The assessment included history and physical examination, nutritional assessment, urinalysis, biochemical and fasting lipid profile, renal ultrasound, echocardiogram, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. RESULTS. A total of 249 patients were identified, and charts for 220 (88%) were available for review. There were 156 boys and 64 girls aged 13.3 ± 4.4 years. BMI was 26.1 ± 6.7 kg/m2, and 143 (65%) had a BMI of ≥90%. Results of urinalysis and serum biochemical testing were clinically normal in all cases. Among those with a lipid profile, 59 (42%) had total cholesterol values of &gt;170 mg/dL, and 26 (19%) had severe hypercholesterolemia (&gt;200 mg/dL). Renal sonography revealed findings plausibly associated with hypertension in 14 (8%) patients; 4 (2%) had renovascular abnormalities. Yield of echocardiography was 17%. On ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, 47 (60%) children had systolic readings of &gt;95% at least 20% of the time, and 28 (36%) had diastolic readings of &gt;95% at least 20% of the time. CONCLUSIONS. For children and adolescents with mild-to-moderate hypertension, on the basis of a cutoff of 5% to 20% abnormal results to define a useful test, the initial evaluation can range from a serum cholesterol level and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to a panel that consists of a fasting lipid profile, renal ultrasound, echocardiogram, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Additional assessment should be guided by specific clinical features and the nature of the patient population.
Best Multimodal Analgesic Protocol for Total Knee Arthroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Total knee arthroplasty is one of the most commonly performed operations in the USA. As with any elective joint surgery, the primary goal includes functional restoration that is not limited by pain. The use of peripheral nerve blocks for patients undergoing knee arthroplasty has resulted in decreased pain scores, improved early ambulation and decreased time to achieve hospital discharge criteria. Concern has been raised over the potential risks of femoral nerve block, and there has been growing support for the adductor canal block. It is the author's opinion that when not contraindicated, intraoperative neuraxial anesthesia combined with a continuous adductor canal block and a multimodal medication regimen for postoperative pain control is the best analgesic protocol for knee arthroplasty.
Central nervous system catecholamine metabolism in Korsakoff's psychosis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract We attempted to replicate previous reports of impaired central noradrenergic activity in patients with Korsakoff's psychosis. No differences were demonstrated in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of norepinephrine or its major metabolite, 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxypheny glycol (MHPG), or in the contribution of plasma to cerebrospinal fluid free MHPG in 6 patients with clinically well characterized Korsakoff's psychosis and 8 age‐matched healthy, normal volunteers. Likewise, cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of the major metabolites of dopamine (homovanillic acid) and serotonin (5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid) were the same in patients and controls.
PRODUCTION FUNCTION ANALYSIS AS A METHOD OF MEASURING CREDIT IMPACT

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Agriculture is a potential engine for growth in many developing countries, however growth in agricultural productivity in Iran has been insufficient to meet the country's needs for food in the face of rapid population growth. A notable feature of Iranian agricultural is the predominance of small holdings and therefore improving small farmers productivity has been identified as an important objective of economic policy. It is argued that many forms of the new technology such as machinery and irrigation which are seen as a means of increasing productivity, demand high capital formation which cannot be met from the farmers' own funds. This is especially so for small farmers as pre-adoption incomes are barely sufficient to provide the minimum necessities of life let alone accumulate significant savings. The provision of adequate and timely credit has been a focus for attention in this connection and yet there has been little empirical research to confirm whether the credit which has been provided has improved agricultural productivity or not. The purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of agricultural credit to the development of Iran's agriculture by examining its contribution towards improving productivity and efficiency in resource use. Production function analysis was applied in an attempt to determine whether the use of credit is associated with differences in production methods. A translog functional form was selected as an appropriate model for this analysis. The analysis indicated a shift in the production function of borrowers, compared to non-borrowers, which was neutral in character and provided only limited support for the proposition that credit availability is associated with the adoption of new technology (i.e. increased use of modern inputs such as improved seeds, fertiliser and sprays).
Additions to the Distributional List of the Birds of British Columbia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Additions to the Distributional List of the Birds of British Columbia Allan Brooks Allan Brooks Okanagan Landing, British Columbia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Condor, Volume 44, Issue 1, 1 January 1942, Pages 33–34, https://doi.org/10.2307/1364196 Published: 01 January 1942
The Case of a Giant Sebaceous Carcinoma in the Submandibular Region

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Extraocular sebaceous carcinomas of the skin are uncommon neoplasms. We report here the case of a giant sebaceous carcinoma arising in the skin of the submandibular region. The patient was 64 year-old Japanese man, and the tumor measured 104×76×26 mm and involved the submandibular bone.The tumor was resected with the normal skin, and reconstruction of the defect was performed with a deltopectoral myocutaneous flap.
A Model Library Method of Android Malware Detection for Population

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to solve the problem that the recognizer generated by a single algorithm has differences in the identifing malware amang all population applications, this paper proposes a method of Android malware detection model library for population. Firstly, the python program crawls the application file and extracts the application permission set. Then, uses the Sequential Minmal Optimization algorithm to classify the set. Next, uses the trained constraint model algorithm to find the corresponding population recognizer pool in the model library by using the population attributes. Finally, uses the permission feature matrix as the input to run the classifier to get results. Each pool is made up of three algorithm. Experimental results show that this method is feasible and effective, and it can make the application of each population reach a better recognition rate.
Novel nitrogen-doped carbon-coated SnSe2 based on a post-synthetically modified MOF as a high-performance anode material for LIBs and SIBs

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Carbon-coated SnSe 2 /C–N composites with optimized hetero-atom doping and electrical conductivity exhibit superior electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries.
Helicobacter pylori and colorectal neoplasms: a concise review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori is the main etiological agent of all malignant tumors caused by an infectious disease. It is a major, at times dominant, factor in the pathogenesis of a large spectrum of diseases such as acute and chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric carcinoma, and lymphoma. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that H. pylori chronic infection may be related to different extragastric diseases, including colorectal neoplasms. This concise review aims to explore the association of H. pylori infection with colorectal cancer and adenoma, including the recent epidemiological findings, the diagnostic methods employed to detect H. pylori and virulent factors, and the potentially involved mechanisms. Furthermore, is attempted to establish the current data integration for causal inference using the Bradford-Hill causality criteria. The weak, although global, strength of the epidemiological positive association between H. pylori infection and colonic neoplasms associated to new mechanisms postulated to explain this interaction, including intestinal dysbiosis, should stimulate future studies. Prospective confirmatory studies to establish the role of H. pylori eradication in the process of carcinogenic transformation of the colonic epithelium may define its eventual role in the treatment and prevention of colonic neoplasms.
Inhibition of Filarial Glutathione-S-transferase by various classes of compounds and their evaluation as novel antifilarial agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Glutathione S-transferase(s); GST(s) (E.C. 2.5.1.18) are a large family of multifunctional dimeric enzymes that conjugate reduced glutathione to electrophilic centres in hydrophobic organic compounds. GST(s) represent the major class of detoxifying enzymes from parasitic helminths. The GST enzymatic activity has been described in the adult and larval stages of helminths. Several forms and isoforms of the enzyme have been purified and GST genes have also been isolated and expressed as recombinant proteins. The helminth GST(s) participate in detoxification of lipid hydroperoxides and cytotoxic carbonyl compounds produced by oxygen-reactive intermediates (ORIs). The ORIs can come from the endogenous parasite metabolism or from the host immune system. The helminth GST(s) are able to conjugate glutathione to xenobiotic compounds or to bind to the anthelminth drugs. GST is usually found to be localized near to host-parasite interface. This enzyme has been identified as a potentially vulnerable target in immunotherapy and chemotherapy of parasitic diseases. The most effective drug candidates are those based on inhibitors of GST. In the present study, purified GST from cytosolic fraction of bovine filarial worms Setaria cervi was inhibited in a concentration dependent fashion by various compounds such as hemin, ethacrynic acid, S-hexylglutathione, quercetin, cibacron blue, lithocholate sulfate and ellagic acid. Cytosolic GST was inhibited to varying degrees by each inhibitor. In this context, the possible physiological significance of the observed results has been discussed.
“Real Change Comes from the Outside”: COVID-19 as a Great Opportunity for the Revival of Business Schools and Management Education

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Everything flows, as Heraclitus used to say. Business schools and the entire socioeconomic environment alike are changing rapidly before our very eyes. Schools are preparing their graduates to enter a labor market that we know nothing about yet. We educate students to take up professions that don’t even exist, only knowing how big of a role transformation technologies are already playing. The overall atmosphere is changing, the ongoing digital transformation is gaining momentum, and the need for support not only in professional but also in more general development is getting bigger. Where is the place of management education in this landscape?
Tables S1-4 from A Novel, Fully Human Anti–fucosyl-GM1 Antibody Demonstrates Potent <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models of Small Cell Lung Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>4 suppl tables on FucGM1 expression in lung cancer, binding, and mouse PK</p>
Arachidonic acid supplementation transiently augments the acute inflammatory response to resistance exercise in trained men

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Strenuous exercise can result in skeletal muscle damage, leading to the systemic mobilization, activation, and intramuscular accumulation of blood leukocytes. Eicosanoid metabolites of arachidonic acid (ARA) are potent inflammatory mediators, but whether changes in dietary ARA intake influence exercise-induced inflammation is not known. This study investigated the effect of 4 wk of dietary supplementation with 1.5 g/day ARA ( n = 9, 24 ± 1.5 yr) or corn-soy oil placebo ( n = 10, 26 ± 1.3 yr) on systemic and intramuscular inflammatory responses to an acute bout of resistance exercise (8 sets each of leg press and extension at 80% one-repetition maximum) in previously trained men. Whole EDTA blood, serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs), and skeletal muscle biopsies were collected before exercise, immediately postexercise, and at 2, 4, and 48 h of recovery. ARA supplementation resulted in higher exercise-stimulated serum creatine kinase activity [incremental area under the curve (iAUC) P = 0.046] and blood leukocyte counts (iAUC for total white cells, P < 0.001; neutrophils: P = 0.007; monocytes: P = 0.015). The exercise-induced fold change in peripheral blood mononuclear cell mRNA expression of interleukin-1β ( IL1B), CD11b ( ITGAM), and neutrophil elastase ( ELANE), as well as muscle mRNA expression of the chemokines interleukin-8 ( CXCL8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 ( CCL2) was also greater in the ARA group than placebo. Despite this, ARA supplementation did not influence the histological presence of leukocytes within muscle, perceived muscle soreness, or the extent and duration of muscle force loss. These data show that ARA supplementation transiently increased the inflammatory response to acute resistance exercise but did not impair recovery. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Daily arachidonic acid supplementation for 4 wk in trained men augmented the acute systemic and intramuscular inflammatory response to a subsequent bout of resistance exercise. Greater exercise-induced inflammatory responses in men receiving arachidonic acid supplementation were not accompanied by increased symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage. Although increased dietary arachidonic acid intake does not appear to influence basal inflammation in humans, the acute inflammatory response to exercise stress is transiently increased following arachidonic acid supplementation.