jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Status and conservation of some endangered birds of Cameroon's montane forests : A literature review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Le Cameroun, situe dans une sous-region constituee par l'Afrique Occidentale et l'Afrique Centrale, occupe la deuxieme place immediatement apres la Republique Democratique du Congo (anciennement le Zaire) en ce qui concerne sa richesse en oiseaux d'especes differentes. Dans les forets d'altitude on trouve au moins 53 especes et sous-especes d'oiseaux (dont 38 % sont endemiques). A cause de la deforestation recente, il ne reste, malheureusement, que 3 a 10 % de la couverture forestiere d'origine, et la foret primaire qui n'a jamais ete travaillee par l'homme ne represente plus que 5 %. La destruction de la foret a affecte les oiseaux qui y vivent, et on considere que beaucoup d'entre eux sont vulnerables ou en danger. Trois de ces especes, le francolin du mont Cameroun, Francolinus camerunensis, le touraco de Bannerman, Tauraco bannermani, et la pie-grieche du Mont Kupe, Malacotonus kupeensis, dont on considere qu'elle vit a present a l'etat endemique dans une seule zone montagneuse, ont ete utilisees en tant qu'especes indicatrices pour illustrer la vulnerabilite de l'ecosysteme montagneux forestier dans son ensemble. Certaines institutions qui luttent pour la conservation de la biodiversite et pour qui les forets d'altitude sont une priorite, intensifient leurs efforts pour les conserver et les gerer durablement. Parmi les mesures qu'elles ont prises figurent: l'etablissement de zones tampon pour limiter l'acces aux territoires des oiseaux, la limitation de la destruction de la foret, et la lutte contre le braconnage des oiseaux, en particulier le braconnage pour la recolte des plumes.
Age and Czechs' Attitudes Toward the Postcommunist Economic Reforms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The connection between age and attitudes toward social change has been a longstanding research interest in the United States. Hypotheses derived from this tradition are tested in the Czech Republic, a country undergoing a societal transformation since 1989. We have utilized eleven national surveys from 1990–1998, allowing an examination not only of the association between age and opinions about the Czech postcommunist reforms but also of the change in these relations during the survey period. Specifically, we first examine how respondents' age is related to their recent economic experiences and the interaction between age and the phase of the reforms on these experiences, net of demographic controls. The association between age and respondents' anxiety about the Czech reforms is the second focus, with tests for the interaction between age and time on this anxiety; controls include economic experiences. Then we examine the relation between age and respondents' support for the economic reforms, again with tests for the interaction between age and time, while controlling for anxiety as well. Older Czechs were generally more conservative about the reforms, net of their economic experiences and anxiety about them, and these age differences did not change with the phases of the reforms.
‘Where are the adults?’: Troubling child‐activism and children's political participation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Children's political participation is a well‐established theme in childhood studies. In this article we offer an original account of child activism that takes into account the entangled and emergent aspect of children as activists. We begin with a historical and a conceptual review, noting the importance of mid‐20th century developments such as May 1968 but tracing their roots to the earlier community‐derived activism of the US civil rights movement—a long episode of activism not normally included in accounts of children's political involvement. We consider the ways in which adults surround children, creating contexts and working for and through them with diverse political and social ends in mind. It has been a dominant focus of adult activity to facilitate children's participation rights. These rights are defined in international legislation as non‐contingent, that is, explicitly predicated on an absence of responsibility. Regardless, the relational aspect of responsibility is present in children's lives in families, churches, schools and wherever adults interact with children, whether to protect, instruct, direct or guide them. We conclude by indicating how current historical and conceptual frames do not allow for the complex understanding required to account for children's agency understood as necessarily entangled with adults’ prior being in the world. We advocate a radical relational turn in childhood studies to leave behind the lacuna that arise from individualist accounts of child‐activism.
Agrobacterium tumifaciens-mediated Transformation for Torenia fournieri

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Agrobacterium tumifaciens-mediated transformation of Torenia fournieri was investigated. The optimal concentration of kanamycin for screening regenerated buds was 400 mg/L.The ideal transformation was obtained in the following conditions: the leaf discs were dipped in Agrobacterium suspension that diluted 10 times for 10～20 min; subsequently cocultivated on the MS solid medium containing 20 μmol/L acetosyringon for 7 to 8 d at 23 ℃, and the induction ratio of regenerated buds was 27.2%; 16 h light/8 h dark was the ideal photoperiod. The stem sections were better for infection than the leaf discs, and the buds regenerated from the stems were stronger than that from the leaf discs. The ideal medium for root regeneration was half MS solid medium containing 0.5 mg/L IAA, and 100 mg/L kanamycin. Transformed plants were obtained under above conditions and the ratio of transformation was 24.1 %.
Custom management development program architecture: in pursuit of critical mass for impact

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This article highlights two potentially overlooked and undervalued features of custom management development program architecture that can facilitate and further the positive impact of program participants upon their return to work. Design/methodology/approach The insights presented are based on having worked with a number of large, custom management development program clients and seeking to foster greater, better, and a longer lasting impact accruing to the program sponsor when the program participants returned to work. Findings Two program design features are highlighted and discussed: (1) tiered critical mass participant throughput and (2) program transportability. A real-world based example is provided to depict these two program design aspects. Practical implications The two program design ideas presented are easily understood and immediately actionable for anyone engaged in responding to a custom management development program opportunity with an eye towards enhancing the impact for a sponsoring client. Originality/value Organizational sponsors of custom management development programs are interested in their program providers enhancing returning program participants’ ability to impact their work teams, departments, and business units with their program learnings. This article is unique in identifying and describing two potentially overlooked program design considerations that can aid in that pursuit.
A patient with spastic paralysis finally diagnosed as V180I genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 9 years after onset

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD) with a mutation in codon 180 of the prion protein gene (V180I gCJD) is the most common form of gCJD in Japan, but only a few cases have been reported in Europe and the United States. It is clinically characterized by occurring in the elderly and presenting as slowly progressive dementia, although it generally shows less cerebellar and pyramidal symptoms than sporadic CJD. Here, we report a patient with V180I gCJD who initially presented with slowly progressive spastic paralysis with neither cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) nor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. His symptoms progressed gradually, and after 9 years, he displayed features more typical of CJD. Diffusion-weighted MRI revealed high-intensity signals in the cortical gyrus, and there was a marked increase of 14-3-3 protein and total tau protein in the CSF, but he was negative for the real-time quaking-induced conversion assay. Although the time course was more consistent with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease than CJD, genetic testing revealed V180I gCJD. This is the first report of a patient with V180I gCJD who initially presented with spastic paralysis, and also the first to reveal that it took 9 years from disease onset for cortical dysfunction to develop and for MRI and CSF abnormalities to be detectable. In conclusion, we should screen for V180I gCJD in elderly patients presenting with slowly progressive spastic paralysis.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Care: An Umbrella Review

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing nursing by enhancing decision‐making, patient monitoring, and efficiency. Machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), and predictive analytics claim to improve safety and automate tasks. However, a structured analysis of AI applications is necessary to ensure their effective implementation in nursing practice. This umbrella review aimed to synthesize existing systematic reviews on AI applications in nursing care, providing a comprehensive analysis of its benefits, challenges, and ethical implications. By consolidating findings from multiple sources, this review seeks to offer evidence‐based insights to guide the effective and responsible integration of AI in nursing practice. A systematic umbrella review approach was employed following PRISMA guidelines. Multiple databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore, were searched for review articles published between 2015 and 2024. Findings were synthesized thematically to identify key trends, benefits, limitations, and research gaps. This review synthesized 13 studies, emphasizing AI's impact on clinical decision support, patient monitoring, nursing education, and workflow optimization. AI enhances early disease detection, minimizes diagnostic errors, and automates documentation, improving efficiency. However, data privacy risks, biases, ethical concerns, and limited AI literacy hinder integration. AI presents significant opportunities for improving nursing care, yet its successful implementation requires addressing ethical, legal, and practical challenges. Adequate AI training, robust data governance frameworks, and policies ensuring responsible AI use are essential for its integration into nursing practice. Future research should explore long‐term AI impact, training models for nurses, and strategies to balance AI‐driven efficiency with human‐centered care.
Effectiveness of Reciprocal Teaching in Enhancing Reading Comprehension in Majalengka

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the effectiveness of Reciprocal Teaching (RT) in improving reading comprehension among vocational high school students in Majalengka, Indonesia. Grounded in Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), RT employs four metacognitive strategies—predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing—within collaborative learning structures. A quasi-experimental design was used involving 64 students divided into experimental and control groups. Pre- and post-tests were conducted to assess comprehension improvements. The experimental group, taught using RT, showed a statistically significant increase in scores compared to the control group, confirming RT's efficacy in enhancing comprehension skills. Findings support RT’s potential for broader adoption in Indonesian EFL classrooms to foster metacognitive awareness and independent learning.
Preoperative Assessment for Postoperative Evaluation

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Unfortunately, since communication tends to break down, nurses on a transfer unit may lack baseline information for the patient with which to compare their nursing observations. The postoperative patient has been subjected to multiple physiological and psychological trauma. His recovery depends largely on competent, knowledgeable nursing care. His condition cannot be assessed accurately without knowing his preoperative parameters. Isolated measurements may be meaningless, but serial measurements are usually valuable. Since we knew of no practical communication tool to provide the
Response: Prevalence of Depression and Glucose Abnormality in an Urbanizing Rural Population of Bangladesh (Diabetes Metab J2015;39:218-29)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We appreciate your Interest and comments on our article entitled Prevalence of Depression and Glucose Abnormality in an Urbanizing Rural Population of Bangladesh which was published in Diabetes Metab J [1].

First, it is a very different finding to get a high prevalence of depression among our rural people where the national data says the depression level is 4.6% only [2]. But you know truth is not the fact. So, we (Bangladesh Diabetic Association) kept continuous research at that particular place. And for your kind information my another paper Temporal changes in the prevalence of depression in subjects with and without diabetes in a rural area of Bangladesh [3] is the result of this. We showed that the prevalence of depression is declining there day by day, and the possible causes are discussed in the papers also.

Second, thank you for the suggestion regarding Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Of course MADRS is an epidemiological tool and we used with much caution. A highly expert psychologist (Dr. Shahin Asghar) [4] from Norway Trained the researchers and with several pilot and trial study we went for the final research.

Lastly, in general the prevalence of depression is more in female than male, but surprisingly in case of glucose abnormality there was no significant difference. Thank you for noticing the interesting fact. We shall keep these points in mind to work in future also to analyse the glycosylated hemoglobin.

We would like to thank Tomoyuki Kawada for your interest and thoughtful comments.
TRIAVER – program do zestawiania standardów dendrochronologicznych i wyznaczania lat wskaźnikowych

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The study presents the program TRIAVER 1.1 (Tree−RIngs AVERaging) dedicated to calculating an average tree ring width/ index sequence (so−called chronology). It also allows for determination of pointer years for selected set of the annual growth sequences written in one of the following formats: Tucson Raw Data, TRRAD, TRMEAS, as well as some text formats.
[Analysis of 62 cases of nosocomial staphylococcal meningitis admitted to the Iaşi Hospital of Infectious Diseases over a period of 21 years].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nosocomial staphylococcal meningitis remains a serious condition due to the fact that the etiological agents are resistant to the classical antistaphylococcal antibiotics and increasingly resistant to methicillin.
Legal Implications in Routine Clinical Practice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Medico-legal management forms an important part of the total patient care. With the rapid progress of medical science and technology, the law and ethics pertaining to clinical practice have become more complicated in order to meet the various complex issues that have arisen. Medical ethics is a code of behavior accepted voluntarily within the profession, as opposed to statutes and regulations that are imposed by official legislation. Much of medical ethics consists of good manners and civilized behavior in the general sense, but there are certain matters, which are particular to the practice of the profession of medicine. Matters of immediate concern in routine clinical practice are pertaining to consent, confidentiality and negligence.
Impact of Larval Competition on Life-History Traits of the Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.), is economically important due to its use in waste management and as an alternative protein source for livestock, poultry, and aquaculture. While industry promotes mass production of the black soldier fly, little is known about the impact of larval competition on development time, resulting immature and adult weight, or adult longevity. The goal of this research was to examine the life-history traits of black soldier flies when reared at four densities (500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 larvae/4-liter container) provided 54-g Gainesville diet at 70% moisture (feed rates of 0.027, 0.036, 0.054, and 0.108 g) every other day. Results were as expected with the lowest larval density (500) producing heavier individuals (by 26%) than the greatest larval density (2,000) across all life stages. In addition to weights, larvae reared at the lowest density developed 63% faster than those reared at the greatest density. In regard to pupal development time, those reared at the lowest larval density developed 3% slower than the greatest density. A 21% difference between the two extreme densities was found in survivorship to prepupal stage, with the lowest larval density having the greatest survivorship (92%) compared with the greatest larval density (70%). All densities displayed over 90% adult emergence rates. Such information is vital for optimization of the process of converting waste products to protein at an industrial scale with the black soldier fly.
Four Decades of Travel Modeling and Forecasting in North Carolina--Lessons Learned

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

North Carolina Department of Transportation planning staff first had experience with travel modeling and forecasting in the early 1960s. The experience included both oversight of work by consultants and in-house travel modeling. In the 1960s consultants were primarily employed for work in the larger urban areas. The State staff primarily handled the transportation planning work in smaller areas. North Carolina General Statutes enacted in 1959 required all municipalities to have a major street plan adequate to serve both existing and future travel needs. As studies continued into the 1970s, more and more of the work was accomplished by the State staff both in large and smaller areas. Some modeling work was also accomplished for a multi-county area. A large variety of travel modeling techniques and procedures were used and researched by the staff in the last four decades of the 20th Century. This paper provides a summary of the various procedures and techniques used in the four decades and the lessons learned.
Helping Ourselves out of the Margins: Handbooks for Creative Writing as a Tool for Analyzing Literary Dynamics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Speaking about the “margins” of literature is in itself very paradoxical. For most people, “marginal” literature is quite often the most popular form of fiction (although it is dismissed scathingly by most literary critics), whereas the most prestigious literary genres may be considered marginal from the sociological point of view. Moreover, new publication platforms and new media have made the very notion of literature, both as a textual and as an institutional phenomenon, even more complex. In this chapter, I will attempt to get a clear view on some of these paradoxes by considering literature as a form of creative, and yet constrained, activity. To this end, I analyze a very popular branch of handbooks for creative writing as instances of “normative poetics.”
Genome-wide Discriminatory Information Patterns of Cytosine DNA Methylation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Quercetin (3,3′,4′,5,6-Pentahydroxyflavone) is one of well-known antioxidants and a flavonol found in many fruits, leaves, and vegetables. Quercetin is also well-known to have anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages. However, the effects of quercetin on virus-induced macrophages are not fully reported. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of quercetin on double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-induced macrophages was examined. Quercetin at concentrations of up to 50 μM significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), IL-6, MCP-1, IP-10, RANTES, GM-CSF, G-CSF, TNF-α, LIX,VEGF, and MIP-1α as well as calcium release in dsRNA [50 µg/mL of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid]-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages (P < 0.05). Quercetin at concentrations of up to 50 μM also significantly inhibited mRNA expression of signal transducer and activated transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT3 in dsRNA-induced RAW 264.7 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, quercetin has alleviating effects on viral inflammation concerned with its inhibition of NO, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in dsRNA-induced macrophages via the calcium-STAT pathway.
A web of reasons: Mary Wollstonecraft'sa vindication of the rights of woman andthe re‐weaving of form

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, written in 1792, stands as one of the most comprehensive historical documents in the argument for the rights of women. Controversial at the time it was written, its content and form have received considerable criticism in the 200 years since its publication. In this essay, a non‐linear model of argument is proposed, based on an analysis of the form of Vindication, which assists scholars in recognizing the complexity of the work as well as the need to reconsider notions of effective rhetorical form.
IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complexes show strong biological activity by avoiding interaction with IL-2 receptor alpha subunit CD25

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

IL-2 is crucial to T cell homeostasis, especially of CD4(+) T regulatory cells and memory CD8(+) cells, as evidenced by vigorous proliferation of these cells in vivo following injections of superagonist IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complexes. The mechanism of IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complexes is unknown owing to a lack of understanding of IL-2 homeostasis. We show that IL-2 receptor alpha (CD25) plays a crucial role in IL-2 homeostasis. Thus, prolongation of IL-2 half-life and blocking of CD25 using antibodies or CD25-deficient mice led in combination, but not alone, to vigorous IL-2-mediated T cell proliferation, similar to IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complexes. These data suggest an unpredicted role for CD25 in IL-2 homeostasis.