jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Safety of venetoclax rapid dose escalation in CLL patients previously treated with B-cell receptor signaling antagonists

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Venetoclax has efficacy in patients relapsing after B-cell receptor pathway inhibitors (BCRis); however, because of the risk of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), a 5-week dose ramp-up is required to attain the target dose. Patients relapsing after BCRis frequently have proliferative disease, requiring a faster time to target dose than this scheme allows. This limitation can potentially be overcome with rapid dose escalation (RDE). We analyzed 33 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients who underwent venetoclax RDE after prior BTKi treatment. Median time to target dose was 9 days. Seventeen patients (52%) developed laboratory TLS, and 5 (15%) developed clinical TLS, all as a result of renal injury. TLS was seen in more patients with a higher initial tumor burden. TLS occurred at all dose levels, with most episodes occurring at the 50- and 100-mg doses. Most interestingly, a decrease in absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) from pre–venetoclax dose to 24 hours post–venetoclax dose of 10 × 103/μL was associated with an increased risk of TLS (hazard ratio, 1.32; P = .02), after controlling for venetoclax dose level. Venetoclax RDE with close in-hospital monitoring at experienced centers and in select patients is feasible. The rapidity with which ALC drops helps predict TLS and could help guide dose-escalation decisions.
Enhanced Membrane Protein Topology Prediction Using a Hierarchical Classification Method and a New Scoring Function

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The prediction of transmembrane (TM) helix and topology provides important information about the structure and function of a membrane protein. Due to the experimental difficulties in obtaining a high-resolution model, computational methods are highly desirable. In this paper, we present a hierarchical classification method using support vector machines (SVMs) that integrates selected features by capturing the sequence-to-structure relationship and developing a new scoring function based on membrane protein folding. The proposed approach is evaluated on low- and high-resolution data sets with cross-validation, and the topology (sidedness) prediction accuracy reaches as high as 90%. Our method is also found to correctly predict both the location of TM helices and the topology for 69% of the low-resolution benchmark set. We also test our method for discrimination between soluble and membrane proteins and achieve very low overall false positive (0.5%) and false negative rates (0 to approximately 1.2%). Lastly, the analysis of the scoring function suggests that the topogeneses of single-spanning and multispanning TM proteins have different levels of complexity, and the consideration of interloop topogenic interactions for the latter is the key to achieving better predictions. This method can facilitate the annotation of membrane proteomes to extract useful structural and functional information. It is publicly available at http://bio-cluster.iis.sinica.edu.tw/~bioapp/SVMtop.
Physical Properties of Silicone Gel Breast Implants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Surgical applications using breast implants are individualized operations to fill and shape the breast. Physical properties beyond shape, size, and surface texture are important considerations during implant selection. Objectives Compare form stability, gel material properties, and shell thickness of textured shaped, textured round, and smooth round breast implants from 4 manufacturers: Allergan, Mentor, Sientra, and Establishment Labs, through bench testing. Methods Using a mandrel height gauge, form stability was measured by retention of dimensions on device movement from a horizontal to vertical supported orientation. Dynamic response of the gel material (gel cohesivity, resistance to gel deformation, energy absorption) was measured using a synchronized target laser following application of graded negative pressure. Shell thickness was measured using digital thickness gauge calipers. Results Form stability, gel material properties, and shell thickness differed across breast implants. Of textured shaped devices, Allergan Natrelle 410 exhibited greater form stability than Mentor MemoryShape and Sientra Shaped implants. Allergan Inspira round implants containing TruForm 3 gel had greater form stability, higher gel cohesivity, greater resistance to gel deformation, and lower energy absorption than those containing TruForm 2 gel and in turn, implants containing TruForm 1 gel. Shell thickness was greater for textured vs smooth devices, and differed across styles. Conclusions Gel cohesivity, resistance to gel deformation, and energy absorption are directly related to form stability, which in turn determines shape retention. These characteristics provide information to aid surgeons choosing an implant based on surgical application, patient tissue characteristics, and desired outcome.
Pharmacological evaluation of π subunit-containing GABAa receptors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The GABAaR π subunit is the most recently identified, yet least studied GABAaR subunit which is found predominantly in the periphery where GABAergic function is still poorly understood. This thesis aimed to examine the functional assembly of the π subunit with other GABAaR subunits to form ion channels and the pharmacological properties that the π subunit conveys to the GABAaR. The π subunit was co-transfected with various other GABAaR subunits into Xenopus laevis oocytes to express GABAaRs and the effect of GABA, Zn2+ and etomidate were then examined. All αβπ receptors formed in this study were over 10-fold more sensitive to GABA and displayed a markedly greater increase in receptor efficacy in response to etomidate than their corresponding αβγ2L isoforms, and showed a reduced sensitivity to Zn2+ inhibition compared with their αβ counterparts. This study also presents electrophysiological evidence for the expression of β3π GABAaRs which are over 400-fold more sensitive to GABA, and have a reduced sensitivity to both Zn2+ inhibition and etomidate activation than homomeric β3 GABAaRs. This work thus demonstrates the functional expression of recombinant αβπ and β3π GABAARs which display a pharmacological profile that is distinct from αβγ2L, αβ and homomeric β3 GABAaRs.
Treatment continuity in discontinuous worlds

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This chapter presents the case of a very ill young man who, in addition to the usual psychiatric treatment, was provided with long-term continuity of psychoanalytic psychotherapy during the ten years he spent moving from a high secure psychiatric setting and eventually back to the community. The provision of such long-term psychotherapy for patients suffering from serious mental disorders can be misconstrued as a luxury. The patients seen in forensic psychiatry settings often come from dysfunctional families, and many have spent time in a variety of care settings or penal and/or other psychiatric institutions. Patients treated in forensic psychiatry settings are invariably people who suffer from severe mental disorders and have seriously offended. Probably the most important aspect the long-term continuity of treatment provided this patient was a constant reliable object who remained available throughout this enforced treatment period, which arose only because of the catastrophe that had occurred.
Characteristics of landscape tourism motives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although being widespread elements of tourism offer, landscapes are not sufficiently researched, particularly in comparison to other cultural tourism motives. Landscape elements are either tangible or intangible, and their presence and combination determine the landscape character and its particular type. They have a polyvalent effect, which makes them complex tourism motives, but at the same time impedes their differentiation and conditions their complementary character. Aesthetic attractive attributes are primarily, but not exclusively, linked to natural landscapes. Recreational attributes of a landscape are specific for not being linked to a physical geographical agent, but a visual one instead. Rarity attributes are especially present in cultural landscapes. Prominent attributes are present in historical battlefields landscapes, those which inspired famous works of art, and urban landscapes with featured prominent elements.
Quality Characteristics and Glass Transition Temperature of Hydrocolloid Pre-Treated Frozen Pre-Cut Carrot

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of hydrocolloid pre-treatment, i.e., pectin, carboxy methyl cellulose, xanthan gum and sodium alginate on textural properties, drip losses and sensory quality as well as on glass transition temperature (Tg′′′) of the frozen-thawed pre-cut carrots was studied. Untreated frozen samples showed detrimental effects in texture and also excessive drip losses while the carrot tissue integrity was well retained in the hydrocolloid pre-treated samples. As the concentration of the hydrocolloid increased, hardness and fracturability were also found to increase. However, adhesiveness was observed to follow a reverse trend. Xanthan gum (0.4%) resulted in higher texture retention than other hydrocolloids used as well as than the control samples. Hydrocolloids imparted lightness and higher red and yellowness to the carrot samples due to reduced solute mobility and moisture conditioning effects. Overall acceptability of the hydrocolloid pre-treated samples was found to be more than the experimental control samples. All the hydrocolloids were found to be effective in increasing the Tg′′′ to an extent, −2.73 to −0.28°C compared with Tg′′′ (−5.4°C) of untreated carrot samples. Tg′′′ increased to almost 74% in CMC (0.4%) pre-treated samples. The maximum enhancement was found in carboxy methyl cellulose followed by pectin, sodium alginate, and xanthan gum. The threshold concentrations in terms of sensory attributes were determined for optimal conditioning of the product prior to freezing.
Marathon pacing ability: Training characteristics and previous experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Even pacing within the marathon has been associated with faster marathon performance times, however, little literature has investigated the association between pacing ability during a marathon and a recreational marathoner's training characteristics and previous experiences. N = 139 participants completed an online questionnaire concerning training history in relation to a 2017 marathon and previous long‐distance running experiences. Online databases were used to collect split times of the participants after successfully completing a 2017 marathon, identifying the percentage slowdown in pace between the first half and second half of the marathon, used for correlational analyses. The strongest correlates for pacing ability were marathon finishing time and previous distance race personal best finishing times (i.e. marathon, half‐marathon, 10 and 5 km). There were many weaker, however significant correlates for training history characteristics and previous long‐distance running experience. The current findings demonstrate that greater accrued long‐distance running experiences and higher weekly training volumes are strongly associated with smaller declines in pace during the second half of the marathon in comparison to the first half and less variability in pace during the marathon.
Characteristic Analysis of Building Surface Material Combination

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To study the composition of building materials, the composition and characteristics of building surface materials are analyzed. Based on the MPIRAN algorithm, 157 sets of samples are selected, of which 130 are used for study and the 27 is used for verification. Before modeling, all the sample inputs are normalized to the [0,1] range, and the mean error function is used to test the output error of the network. The commonly used RAN learning algorithm is compared with MPIRAN to verify its superiority. The simulation results show that MPIRAN learning algorithm is suitable for the classification of building materials. Compared with the other learning methods, it can also significantly reduce the number of hidden nodes in the network. Based on the above findings, it is concluded that the MPIRAN algorithm can reduce the network structure and improve the learning ability and calibration ability of the network, so that the correct classification of samples can be realized.
Adaptive MPLS load sharing: modeling, dimensioning and test-bed platform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The multi protocol label switching architecture (MPLS) adds a connection oriented layer on top of IP networks. In MPLS enabled networks, label switched paths (LSPs) are established and released using a variety of signaling protocols and data packets are forwarded over LSPs using the label swapping paradigm. Load sharing has been identified as an attractive mechanism to perform traffic engineering in MPLS networks. Due to the connection oriented nature of MPLS, arbitrary load sharing schemes may be deployed, without the inherent limitations of load sharing enabled IP routing protocols. The objective of this paper is the following: based on and starting from analytical studies aimed at obtaining engineering rules and guidelines to dimension and to optimize MPLS load sharing when taking into account the statistical properties of the traffic, we present a test-bed platform that offers a generic framework to asses the applicability and to evaluate the performance of diverse MPLS load sharing schemes, focusing on an adaptive measurement-based ones. We detail the functional architecture of the platform, its design and implementation and we showcase its use in simple but meaningful scenarios
[Giant gastric ulcers].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 43 patients with giant gastric ulcer treated in the last 20 years in the Centenario Hospital, Rosario, we have verified important loss of weight and high incidence of ulcer's complications. "Pseudotumoral ulcers" were present in 30% and carcinoma rate reached 7%. We emphasize the importance of histologic study of the ulcer.
Organic Feed Enrichment Effects toward Growth Performance and Egg Production of <i>Oithona similis</i>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The optimum condition of culture media and feed diets which fit the necessities of Oithona similis life (ecophysiological) is very important for it to grow and develop in its maximum. The enrichment of O. similis feed can be done by adding fermented organic feed. Providing organic feed with optimum protein content is necessary to support the growth process and reproduction of O. similis. Osmoregulation process of water organism which is influenced by media salinity is related to bioenergetics process as the effort to use feed energy for the growth. This research aimed to examine the effect of different organic feed protein content and to determine the optimum point which may result in the best growth and egg production of O. similis in the optimum condition of culture media. The study used an experimental method with a completely random design consisting of 4 treatments and 4 repetitions each, i.e. O. similis culture with A. 25%; B. 30%; C. 35%; and D. 40% organic feed protein content. The results showed that the difference of protein content in organic feed affects the growth and production of O. similis eggs. The optimum point of protein content in the fermented organic feed is on protein content B, i.e. 30%, which resulted in the best growth performance (70.44 ± 0.43 ind.mL-1 total density, 0.213 ± 0.001.day-1 population growth rate, and 27.38 ± 0.48 eggs.ind-1 egg production. (ttujuan dan pembahasan harus past tense), Tujuan di abstrak minimal harus menggambarkan atau sama denga tujuan di pendahuluan)Keywords: enrichment, Oithona similis, organic feed, protein, reproduction
Fixed wide-angle scattering of elementary fermions in gauge theories

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider leading logarithmic corrections to the Born amplitude for wide-angle scattering of off-mass-shell quarks through sixth order in non-Abelian gauge theories. We review first the situation for the case of Abelian theories, where the leading logarithmic contributions can be summed to all orders, yielding a simple exponential form ${\mathrm{e}}^{\ensuremath{-}K{\mathrm{ln}}^{2}t}$. We find that the non-Abelian theory, through fourth order, yields a form corresponding to the perturbation expansion of an exponential. A partial computation of the sixth order suggests that such an expansion may still hold in that order.
Leveraging Comprehensive Cancer Registry Data to Enable a Broad Range of Research, Audit and Patient Support Activities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Traditional cancer registries have often been siloed efforts, established by single groups with limited objectives. There is the potential for registry data to support a broad range of research, audit and education initiatives. Here, we describe the establishment of a series of comprehensive cancer registries across the spectrum of common solid cancers. The experience and learnings of each registry team as they develop, implement and then use collected data for a range of purposes, that informs the conduct and output of other registries in a virtuous cycle. Each registry is multi-site, multi-disciplinary and aims to collect data of maximal interest and value to a broad range of enquiry, which would be accessible to any researcher with a high-quality proposal. Lessons learnt include the need for careful and continuous curation of data fields, with regular database updates, and the need for a continued focus on data quality. The registry data as a standalone resource has supported numerous projects, but linkage with external datasets with patients in common has enhanced the audit and research potential. Multiple projects have linked registry data with matched tissue specimens to support prognostic and predictive biomarker studies, both validation and discovery. Registry-based biomarker trials have been successfully supported, generating novel and practice-changing data. Registry-based clinical trials, particularly randomised studies exploring the optimal use of available therapy options are now complementing the research conducted in traditional clinical trials. More recent projects supported by the registries include health economic studies, personalised patient education material, and increased consumer engagement, including consumer entered data.
Microcalorimetric Study of the Temperature-Induced Phase Separation in Aqueous Solutions of Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazolines)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The effect of temperature on aqueous solutions of poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PIPOZ) samples of molecular weights ranging from 1900 to 5700 g mol-1 was monitored by turbidimetry, high-sensitivity microcalorimetry (HS DSC), and pressure perturbation calorimetry (PPC) from 10 to 80 °C. The polymers were soluble in cold water and underwent phase separation at TCP ∼ 45−63 °C, depending on their molecular weight. The phase transition was endothermic, with an enthalpy change ranging from 0.36 ± 0.01 to 1.16 ± 0.01 kcal mol-1. The coefficient of thermal expansion of PIPOZ in water (αpol), determined by PPC, underwent a sharp increase at the temperature corresponding to the onset of phase transition, reaching a maximum value at T ∼ TCP. Microcalorimetric measurements were carried out with solutions of PIPOZ samples in D2O and in aqueous NaCl solutions. The thermodynamic and volumetric changes associated with the phase transition of aqueous PIPOZ solutions are compared to those of aqueous solutions of two related polymers, poly(vinylcaprolactam) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), a polymer structurally related to PIPOZ that undergoes a phase transition in water at ∼31 °C.
Women’s Linguistic Features Performed by Jasmine and Dalia in Aladdin (2019)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Penggunaan bahasa selalu menarik untuk dibahas terutama ketika digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi identitas penutur seperti gender penutur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui fitur linguistik perempuan yang dihasilkan oleh Jasmine dan Dalia di Aladdin (2019) dengan menggunakan teori Coates (2013), dan mengidentifikasi fitur-fitur linguistik perempuan yang paling banyak digunakan oleh Jasmine dan Dalia di Aladdin (2019). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dalam menganalisis data. Objek penelitian ini adalah ucapan-ucapan yang dihasilkan oleh Jasmine dan Dalia di Aladdin (2019). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada enam fitur linguistik perempuan yang dihasilkan oleh Jasmine, antara lain minimal responses, hedges, tag questions, questions, commands and directives, and compliments. Fitur linguistik perempuan yang paling banyak digunakan oleh Jasmine adalah Questions. Questions muncul sebanyak enam puluh dua kali. Jasmine menggunakan Questions di percakapan yang bersifat serius dan santai. Dalia menghasilkan empat fitur-fitur linguistic perempuan, antara lain minimal responses, hedges, questions, dan compliments. Fitur linguistik perempuan yang paling banyak digunakan oleh Dalia adalah Questions. Questions muncul sebanyak tujuh belas kali. Dalia menggunakan Questions hanya di percakapan yang bersifat santai.
Auxin regulation on crop: from mechanisms to opportunities in soybean breeding

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Breeding crop varieties with high-yield and ideal plant architecture is a desirable goal of agricultural science. The success of ‘Green Revolution’ in cereal crops provides opportunities to incorporate phytohormones in crop breeding. Auxin is a critical phytohormone to determinate nearly all the aspects of plant development. Despite the current knowledge regarding auxin biosynthesis, auxin transport and auxin signaling has been well characterized in model Arabidopsis plants, how auxin regulates crop architecture is far from being understood and the introduction of auxin biology in crop breeding stays in the theoretical stage. Here, we give an overview on molecular mechanisms of auxin biology in Arabidopsis, and mainly summarize auxin contributions for crop plant development. Furthermore, we propose potential opportunities to integrate auxin biology in soybean breeding.
Distinct responses to reduplicated chromosomes require distinct Mad2 responses

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Duplicating chromosomes once each cell cycle produces sister chromatid pairs, which separate accurately at anaphase. In contrast, reduplicating chromosomes without separation frequently produces polytene chromosomes, a barrier to accurate mitosis. Chromosome reduplication occurs in many contexts, including: polytene tissue development, polytene tumors, and following treatment with mitosis-blocking chemotherapeutics. However, mechanisms responding to or resolving polyteny during mitosis are poorly understood. Here, using Drosophila, we uncover two distinct reduplicated chromosome responses. First, when reduplicated polytene chromosomes persist into metaphase, an anaphase delay prevents tissue malformation and apoptosis. Second, reduplicated polytene chromosomes can also separate prior to metaphase through a spindle-independent mechanism termed Separation-Into-Recent-Sisters (SIRS). Both reduplication responses require the spindle assembly checkpoint protein Mad2. While Mad2 delays anaphase separation of metaphase polytene chromosomes, Mad2’s control of overall mitotic timing ensures efficient SIRS. Our results pinpoint mechanisms enabling continued proliferation after genome reduplication, a finding with implications for cancer progression and prevention.