jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lichen metabolites inhibit UV light and nitric oxide-induced plasmid DNA damage and cell growth in human melanoma cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In humans both UVA and UVB cause gene mutations and suppress immunity, and these two biological events caused by UV lead to skin cancer. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) appears particularly promising as ROS and RNS production by both UVA and UVB contributes to inflammation, immunosuppression, gene mutation and carcinogenesis [1]. Chilean lichens live in regions where the UVR is particularly intensive, and in these conditions, they are stimulated to synthesize metabolites with a strong absorption in the UV region, that exhibit a large variety of biological activity. In a previous study we isolated sphaerophorin, pannarin and epiphorellic acid-1 from Sphaerophorus globosus, different species of the genus Psoroma (Psoroma reticulatum, P. pulchrum, P. palladium) and Cornicularia epiphorella, respectively [2,3]. In this work, we evaluated, in cell free systems, the effect of lichen compounds on pBR322 DNA cleavage induced by nitric oxide and by hydroxyl radicals, generated from UV-photolysis of hydrogen peroxide, and their superoxide anion scavenging capacity. In addition, we investigated the growth inhibitory activity of these natural compounds against a human melanoma cell line (M14). Under our experimental conditions, sphaerophorin, pannarin and epiphorellic acid-1 showed a protective effect on DNA damage and exhibited a superoxide dismutase like effect, but only sphaerophorin and pannarin were able to reduce significantly (p<0.001) the vitality of M14 cells, inducing apoptotic cell death, as demonstrated by the high fragmentation of genomic DNA and by a significant increase (p<0.001) of caspase-3 activity.
Random regular graphs of non-constant degree: distribution of edges and applications

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this work we analyze the distribution of the number of edges spanned by a single set and between two disjoint sets of vertices in the random regular graph model Gn,d in the range d = o ( √ n). We show it to be very similar to that of the binomial random graph model, G(n, p) with p = d n. Some graph properties are known to exist solely based on the edge distribution of the graph. We demonstrate how our analysis can be used to prove the high probability of existence of such graph properties in the Gn,d probability space, specifically spectral gap and Hamiltonicity. Next, using our results on the distribution of edges spanned by a single set of vertices, we show that for every fixed ǫ&gt; 0 and d = o(n1/5), the chromatic number of Gn,d is concentrated in two consecutive values with probability at least 1 − ǫ for large enough values of n.
Formation of dynamic holograms based on spatial modulation of molecular motions of ferroelectric liquid crystals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The formation of dynamic holograms based on the spatial modulation of the molecular motions of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) was demonstrated. The consecutive rotational switching motion of FLC molecules under an alternating electric field was modulated by the photoinduced additional electric field built at the interference fringe. This spatially periodic difference in molecular motions of an FLC was confirmed to work as a diffraction grating. Since the motion-mode hologram is stable and the response is very fast when compared to photorefractive polymers, the motion-mode hologram appears to be promising for various photonic applications.
Optimizing Randomized and Deterministic Saturation Designs under Interference

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Randomized saturation designs are a family of designs which assign a possibly different treatment proportion to each cluster of a population at random. As a result, they generalize the well-known (stratified) completely randomized designs and the cluster-based randomized designs, which are included as special cases. We show that, under the stable unit treatment value assumption, either the cluster-based or the stratified completely randomized design are in fact optimal for the bias and variance of the difference-in-means estimator among randomized saturation designs. However, this is no longer the case when interference is present. We provide the closed form of the bias and variance of the difference-in-means estimator under a linear model of interference and investigate the optimization of each of these objectives. In addition to the randomized saturation designs, we propose a deterministic saturation design, where the treatment proportion for clusters are fixed, rather than randomized, in order to further improve the estimator under correct model specification. Through simulations, we illustrate the merits of optimizing randomized saturation designs to the graph and potential outcome structure, as well as showcasing the additional improvements yielded by well-chosen deterministic saturation designs.
After the Fire the Embers Still Burn: A Theory of Jus Post Bellum

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ending wars right and justly has been an ethical imperative since they have first been fought. Given that the postwar periods of numerous wars fought in the recent past have been seriously bungled, the need for postwar ethics has become perspicuously clear. This need is also striking. It is striking because theories of jus post bellum have recently begun to take shape, yet they remain seriously deficient. Jus post bellum theorizing often remains narrowly focused on interstate warfare and is not reflective of the existing complexity and modalities of twenty first century conflict. In addition, current theories typically focus on punishment, recriminations, and backward–looking models of justice that do not necessarily prioritize relief and aid to war-torn soldiers, societies, and civilians. By theorizing the concept of jus post bellum as a forward-looking cosmopolitan model of justice, where the central task is on building a just and lasting peace through stabilization, aid, and development, this dissertation aims to fill this gap. In so doing, the dissertation seeks to broaden the scope of jus post bellum by connecting it, and the just war tradition more generally, with the emerging contemporary literature of cosmopolitan global justice.
Common anorectal disorders.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anorectal disorders result in many visits to healthcare specialists. These disorders include benign conditions such as hemorrhoids to more serious conditions such as malignancy; thus, it is important for the clinician to be familiar with these disorders as well as know how to conduct an appropriate history and physical examination. This article reviews the most common anorectal disorders, including hemorrhoids, anal fissures, fecal incontinence, proctalgia fugax, excessive perineal descent, and pruritus ani, and provides guidelines on comprehensive evaluation and management.
Culture Shock

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The ability to communicate well in a foreign culture is considered as a set of learnable social skills. The notion of culture shock is introduced to cover a broad range of psychological and social reactions to immersion in another culture, many of them detrimental to communication. Programs aimed at reducing the harmful effects of culture shock are examined in terms of the strategies adopted: (1) information giving, (2) cultural sensitization, (3) isomorphic attribution, (4) learning by doing, and (5) social skills training (SST). The latter, it is argued, is the most effective.
Spatial Activation of Autophagy in Human Placenta‐Related Tissue During Labor: A Possible Mechanism for Labor Onset

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction To explore the mechanisms of labor by investigating the autophagy of placental and fetal membranes tissue in normal pregnant women. Methods Placenta and fetal membranes were collected from women with singleton pregnancies without any medical complications and from women who delivered vaginally (labor‐initiated group; L group) or by caesarean section (labor‐noninitiated group; NL group). Autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunofluorescence and western blotting (WB) were used to detect protein levels of the autophagy markers LC3A and LC3B. TEM, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and WB were used to compare autophagy in different parts of the placenta and fetal membranes in the L and NL groups. The expression of LC3B/LC3A, ROCK1, and ROCK2 in the placenta of nonpregnant and pregnant rats was detected by WB and IHC. Results TEM and IHC results showed an increase in the number of autophagosomes and autophagic lysosomes in the L group, and WB results indicated an increase in the LC3B/A ratio between the placenta and fetal membranes in the L group. Autophagy was significantly increased on the maternal side of the placenta in the L group, and the level of autophagy became higher near rupture in the fetal membranes and near the point where the umbilical cord joins the placenta in the L group. The LC3B/A ratio increased and ROCK1 and ROCK2 levels decreased in postnatal rats. Discussion Autophagy can occur in the placenta and fetal membranes and its activity is higher at the onset of labor, suggesting a role in labor.
Effects of Intradermal Injection of Vasopressors in Normal and Diseased Human Skin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction This report concerns the vasoconstrictor response of cutaneous vessels to various pressor substances introduced intradermally. It grew out of our interest in the study of percutaneous absorption and the possible role that topically applied vasoconstrictor agents might have in the control of inflammatory skin disorders. First it will be shown that the vasoconstrictor activity of these substances can be correlated to a large extent with specific chemical structure, and that cutaneous vasoconstriction induced by these compounds does not necessarily parallel their pressor activity. Second, results will be given of a survey of the vasoconstrictor activity of levarterenol (noradrenaline, B.P.) upon the vasodilation (erythema) observed in various acute and chronic cutaneous disorders. Background Very little is known concerning the mechanism of action of epinephrine and levarterenol as well as other catecholamines. It is generally believed that these agents act by catalyzing certain biochemical processes after having been attached to the
Inhibitions of salidroside on the Abeta_(25-35)--induced apoptosis by FRET in living PC12 cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To investigate the inhibitions of salidroside on the apoptosis induced by Abeta_(25-35) in PC12 cells,cell survival was analyzed with cell counting Kit-8(CCK-8),cell morphology was observed by optical microscope,nuclear condensation was shown by Hoechst staining,the dynamics of caspase-3 and caspase-8 activation in single living cell were monitored by fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET) respectively.The results showed that salidroside elevated the cell survival by inhibiting the Abeta_(25-35)-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, and that salidroside greatly inhibited the caspase-3 activation. Furthermore, the apoptosis induced by Abeta_(25-35) was independent of the caspase-8 activation. In conclusion, these data indicate that salidroside can protect the PC12 cells from Abeta_(25-35)-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of caspase-3
Exploiting a Multi-Mode Laser in Homodyne Detection for Vacuum-Fluctuation-Based Quantum Random Number Generator

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

To realize a vacuum-fluctuation-based quantum random number generator (QRNG), various implementations can be explored to improve efficiency and practicality. In this study, we employed a multi-mode (MM) laser as the local oscillator in a vacuum-fluctuation QRNG and compared its performance with that of a conventional single-mode (SM) laser. Despite experiencing frequency-mode hopping, the MM laser successfully interfered with the vacuum state, similar to the SM reference. The common-mode rejection ratio of the balanced homodyne detection setup exceeded 35 dB for all laser sources. The digitized raw data were processed with a cryptographic hash function to generate full-entropy data. These outputs passed both the independent and identically distributed test recommended in NIST SP 800-90B and the statistical test suite under the SP 800-22 guideline, confirming their quality as quantum random numbers. Our results demonstrate that full-entropy data derived from either SM or MM lasers are applicable to systems requiring high-quality randomness, such as quantum key distribution. This study represents the first demonstration of an MM-laser-based vacuum-fluctuation QRNG, achieving a generation rate of 10 Gbps and indicating potential for compact and practical implementation.
Nitrogen and phosphorus removal and physiological response in Zizania latifolia and Sagittaria sagittifolia under different degree of eutrophic water

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Two aquatic plants, Zizania latifolia and Sagittaria sagittifolia, were used to study the variation of physiological responses and the water qualities under mild, moderate and weighty eutrophic water in plastic pot scale experiments. The physiological characteristics of both plants were investigated, which included contents of leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline, membrane permeability (MP), and activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxides (POD). The water qualities were analyzed correspondingly. The results showed remarkable effects of different degree of eutrophic water on physiological characteristics of the plants. Compared with mild eutrophic water, increasing degree of eutrophication significantly increased the contents of MDA and MP, decreased POD activity, especially in Zizania latifolia. The proline content increased more evidently in Sagittaria sagittifolia than that in Zizania latifolia, and the CAT activity showed no significant change in both plants. Removals of TN, NH4+-N and TP increased with increasing degree of eutrophication, reaching the highest value 96.5%, 97.2% and 92.7%, respectively, in Sagittaria sagittifolia under weighty eutrophic water. However, Zizania latifolia achieved its highest remove efficiency of TN and NH4+-N under moderate eutrophic water and that of TP under weighty eutrophic water. Besides, TN, NH4+-N and TP removals were higher in Zizania latifolia than those in Sagittaria sagittifolia under mild eutrophic water. These results suggested that Zizania latifolia and Sagittaria sagittifolia were the recommended aquatic plants in phytoremediation of mild and weighty eutrophicated water, respectively.
Los Niños son el Jardín de la Revolución

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

These murals are painted on the outside of a Biblioteca Infantíl (Children's Library) donated by a solidarity group from Austria. At the top left a chain surrounds a shelf of books; below, the chain is broken by the children. Quotes from Carlos Fonseca and the phrase "and teach them also to read" appear in the mural. Children are climb a ladder to reach a shelf of books and pass the books to other children. The mural depicts the national cross of alphabetization also depicts international solidarity with the children, represented in the different races of the children. A female guerrilla soldier stands with two children who are holding the national flower, the Sacuanjoche. Nearby the text explains the naming of the mural and the name of the park in which the building is located. The park is named after a boy, Luis Alfonso Velásquez Flores, who was a young leader in the FSLN and was assassinated during the Somoza dictatorship. This mural commemorates the third anniversary of his death. This mural was destroyed in 1992.\n
Effects of Leptin on Insulin Sensitivity in Normal Rats*

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract To determine whether leptin has insulin sensitizing effects in normal rodents, we measured plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with leptin or vehicle by continuous sc infusion for 48 h. In additional experiments, we examined the acute effect of iv leptin upon insulin sensitivity under conditions of clamped glycemia. Subcutaneous leptin was administered at 10.0 and 1.0 μg/h. To avoid confounding effects of differences in food intake, both leptin- and vehicle-treated rats were fasted during the 48-h period of infusion. Infusion of leptin, 10 μg/h, significantly reduced both plasma glucose and insulin. Leptin, 1.0 μg/h, also decreased plasma glucose and insulin, although the effects on insulin did not achieve statistical significance. Leptin at either dose did not alter body weight or epididymal fat mass compared with vehicle treated controls. Leptin, 10 μg/h, decreased circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 levels. No differences in GLUT-4 content in either in brown or epididymal fat were observed as a result of leptin-treatment. Leptin, 10 μg/h, significantly decreased urine osmolality, increased water intake, and reduced renal potassium excretion compared with vehicle-infused rats. In additional rats, we measured the acute effect of iv leptin on insulin sensitivity determined as whole body glucose utilization during hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps performed at glucose targets of 60 and 90 mg/100 ml. Glucose utilization was increased by 29% during the last 135 min of glycemia clamped at 60 mg/100 ml (P &lt; 0.05) and by 30% during the last 135 min of glycemia clamped at 90 mg/dl (P &lt; 0.01) in rats infused with leptin compared with vehicle. In summary, leptin increased insulin sensitivity in normal rats both under fasting conditions and in the presence of hyperinsulinemia at clamped glucose. These effects did not appear dependent on altered body weight. Leptin also altered salt and water metabolism under fasting conditions resulting in increased water intake and more dilute urine.
The Effect of Risk Management Systems on Honesty in Managerial Reporting: An Experimental Examination

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

An extension of the agency model of capital budgeting under private information shows that an owner?s investment in a risk management system (RMS) exacerbates the owner?s agency costs as it increases the expected slack available for managerial expropriation. This study experimentally examines the effects of an RMS on honesty in managerial reporting and the incremental effect of the owner?s willingness to invest in an RMS. Applying insights from a model of social norm activation and behavioral economics, I predict that an RMS will increase managerial honesty in reporting by increasing common expectations for truthful reporting. Furthermore, I predict that the owner?s willingness to invest will activate a trustworthiness social norm for managers that will strengthen the positive effect of an RMS. Consistent with my theory, I find that an RMS has a positive effect on managerial honesty in reporting, and this positive effect is greater when the RMS is the result of the owner?s investment choice. An analysis of exit questionnaire responses confirms that the owner?s investment in an RMS signaled trust and increased the manager?s trustworthiness. The results suggest that an RMS can play a corporate governance role despite the potential increase in agency costs, and the salience of the owner?s investment choice reinforces this role.
Comparison of the Amino Acid Sequences of Hen Plasma-, Yolk-, and White-Riboflavin Binding Proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The amino acid sequence of hen egg yolk-riboflavin binding protein (yolk-RBP) was determined by conventional methods. The sequence was identical with that of hen egg white-riboflavin binding protein except that their carboxyltermini were different, that of yolk-RBP lacked 11 or 13 amino acid residues, while hen plasma-RBP had the same C-terminal sequence as white-RBP. This indicated that the C-terminal 11 or 13 amino acid residues in plasma-RBP might be cleaved off during the incorporation from the blood into the oocyte or in the yolk fluid. Yolk-RBP had the same characteristics as white-RBP, such as N-terminal pyroglutamic acid, polymorphism in the amino acid sequence (Lys/Asn) at the fourteenth residue from the N-terminal end, carbohydrate chains attached to both Asn(36) and Asn(147) residues, and phosphate groups bound to some serine residues in the sequence of Ser(185) to Ser(197) as a cluster. These results led us to the conclusion that yolk- and white-RBPs are bio-synthesized from the same gene in the different organs (liver and oviduct). The carbohydrate composition of yolk-RBP was identical to that of plasma-RBP but different from that of white-RBP showing that the processing of the carbohydrate chains in the liver was different from that in the oviduct.
Human Metapneumovirus Glycoprotein G Inhibits TLR4-Dependent Signaling in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory infections in children and adults. Recent work from our group demonstrated that hMPV G glycoprotein is an important virulence factor, responsible for inhibiting innate immune responses in airway epithelial cells. Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are potent APCs and play a major role in initiating and modulating the innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we found that TLR4 plays a major role in hMPV-induced activation of monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs), as downregulation of its expression by small interfering RNA significantly blocked hMPV-induced chemokine and type I IFN expression. Similar results were found in bone marrow-derived DCs from TLR4-deficient mice. moDCs infected with a virus lacking G protein expression produced higher levels of cytokines and chemokines compared with cells infected with wild-type virus, suggesting that G protein plays an inhibitory role in viral-induced cellular responses. Specifically, G protein affects TLR4-dependent signaling, as infection of moDCs with recombinant hMPV lacking G protein inhibited LPS-induced production of cytokine and chemokines significantly less than did wild-type virus, and treatment of moDCs with purified G protein resulted in a similar inhibition of LPS-dependent signaling. Our results demonstrate that hMPV G protein plays an important role in inhibiting host innate immune responses, likely affecting adaptive responses too.
Capital City University,Post UTME /DE Screening Form 2022/2023,Session Transfer Admission Form call☎+2348065912405-08065912405 Pof Mrs Aishat An applicant for admission to a degree programme in the candidate must have at least credits (A1 - C6 in WASSCE and A – D in SSSCE) in English, Core Mathematics and Integrated Science (for Science related programmes) or Social Studies (for non-Science related programmes) and three elective subjects in Science

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Capital City University,Post UTME /DE Screening Form 2022/2023,Session Transfer Admission Form call☎️+2348065912405-08065912405 Pof Mrs Aishat An applicant for admission to a degree programme in the candidate must have at least credits (A1 - C6 in WASSCE and A – D in SSSCE) in English, Core Mathematics and Integrated Science (for Science related programmes) or Social Studies (for non-Science related programmes) and three elective subjects in Science
Teaching Note—Teaching Trumpism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The election of Donald Trump was an astounding moment in the history of the United States. As academics across disciplines and social work as a profession struggled to understand the election and its effects, several syllabi were crowd sourced to explain the phenomenon known as Trumpism. This article describes a social work social policy course derived from these syllabi, as well as the pedagogical choices and consequences of teaching this course at the graduate level.