jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CO J = 3-2 and 4-3 Observations of Molecular Clouds

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on extensive submillimetre wavelength observations in the CO J = 3-2 and 4-3 lines towards a sample of star formation regions. The observations have been obtained using the Queen Mary College Submillimetre Heterodyne Receiver at the UKIRT 3.8 m telescope. The data include observations and maps of NGC 2024, S88, W3, S140, CRL2591, NGC 2264, K3-50, G35.2-0.74, ρ Oph A, M17, W51, S68, S106, NGC 1333, DR21 and W49. Several new bipolar flow sources have been detected in NGC 2024, S88 and NGC 2264. Comparisons between the spectra in the CO J = 1-0, 2-1, 3-2 and 4-3 transitions will be discussed in terms of their excitation, in particular for the gas in the high velocity line wings, where we have attempted to estimate the densities and relative abundances of the flow material.
Democratische politiek: ‘minder, minder, minder’ of anders?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Democratic politics according to Dutch citizens: Less is more? This article looks at indications and counterindications in Dutch democracy for the popular claim that citizens, while still valuing representative democracy, are fed up with representative politics. Using available large-scale surveys, citizen attitudes are analysed at the levels of specific political actors (politicians, officials), central political institutions (political parties, parliament, government) and the general system of representative democratic politics (the way it works in the Netherlands, with multiparty coalitions, etc). While specific legitimacy problems exist, the evidence for a general legitimacy crisis in Dutch democracy is comparatively weak and highly mixed. More specifically, the evidence suggests that Dutch citizens do not so much want less representative politics, but rather representative politics of a somewhat different kind: less exclusively organized via party-political channels; more geared at recognizable and accountable political authority. Dutch citizens want to seriously influence but not supplant selectionistic representative politics, the evidence suggests.
Nosocomial Legionella Infection in the County of Copenhagen, 2000-2004

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Denmark (5,400,000 inhabitants), Legionella infection is a notifiable disease. Two departments at Statens Serum Institut (SSI) in Copenhagen are involved in collecting data about these cases, since (i) notifications based on clinical and local laboratory data are sent to the Department of Epidemiology; (ii) all cultured Legionella patient isolates are referred to the Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Parasitology (ABMP) from local departments of clinical microbiology for confirmatory identification and serotyping; and (iii) water samples from environmental investigations are sent to AMBP for culture and DNA typing. Every local clinical microbiology department in Denmark has its own infectious disease control unit, which is responsible for the surveillance and investigation of nosocomial infections. The diagnosis of Legionella infection was made by the detection of Legionella species in respiratory specimens by PCR, a positive urinary antigen test, or a significant rise in antibody titre. Diagnostic results and clinical data, including onset of disease and location of the patients, were retrieved from the laboratory information system at DCM Herlev. During the period of 2000 to 2004, several efforts were made to combat nosocomial Legionella infection, such as increasing the hot water temperature and replacing hot water tanks with heat exchangers.
EXAMINING SIMULTANEOUS ALCOHOL AND ∆9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION ON BEHAVIORAL FLEXIBILITY AND DORSAL STRIATAL CB1 EXPRESSION IN CHAP MICE

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Although marijuana and alcohol are two of the most commonly used drugs in the United States, relatively little is understood about how these drugs interact to effect drug use, cognitive behaviors, and neurophysiological changes. Specific drug use patterns such as simultaneous use may produce differential effects for consumption and other behaviors in addition to unique neurobiological changes compared to singular drug use. In order to better understand the effects of simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use, we used the selectively bred crossed High Alcohol Preferring mice to examine consummatory, cognitive, and neurobiological changes following chronic alcohol and THC self-administration. We hypothesized that SAM mice would consume more drug than animals exposed to either substance alone. We used an operant behavioral flexibility paradigm to assess cognitive impairments believing that drug-exposed animals would show deficits relative to Control animals, with SAM mice being the most impaired of all drug conditions. Finally, we assessed CB1 receptor changes in the dorsal striatum, as this region is critical for behavioral flexibility (Bissonette & Powell, 2012; Ragozzino, 2007), CB1 receptors are the primary target of THC and these receptors are involved in numerous alcohol related behaviors (Maldonado et al., 2006; Pava & Woodward, 2012). Contrary to our hypothesis, SAM animals did not consume higher levels of drug compared to mice exposed to only THC or alcohol. Interestingly, female THC consumption was robust when THC was consumed alone but was reduced when simultaneous access to alcohol was available. Surprisingly, although we speculated that drug-exposed mice would be impaired compared to Control animals, and that SAM animals would likely be more compromised than THC and alcohol for Reversal Learning and Attentional Set-Shifting respectively, behavioral flexibility deficits were absent in our paradigm. Finally, alterations to dorsal striatal CB1 receptor expression were observed following a Short Abstinence period. Despite an absence of cognitive behavioral effects, this research contributes to furthering our understanding of co-drug use for consummatory and neurobiological changes, both of which are critically necessary given the evolving landscape surrounding simultaneous alcohol and recreational marijuana use.
Frame complexity prediction for H.264/AVC rate control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Rate control regulates the output bit rate of a video encoder in order to obtain optimum visual quality within the available network bandwidth and to maintain buffer fullness within a specified tolerance range. In this paper, we propose a novel rate control scheme for H.264/AVC video compression with a number of new features. We first introduce a calculation approach of frame complexity based on the linear prediction theory. Then, we propose a joint rate-distortion model which is an integration of a liner rate-complexity model and an exponential rate-quantization model. Finally, we develop an effective target bit estimation approach. Experimental results show that, compared with JVT-W042, our scheme achieves more accurate rate regulation, provides robust buffer control, efficiently reduces frame skipping, and improves visual quality.
MANNOSE-BINDING LECTIN (MBL) GENE POLYMORPHISMS AND SERUM MBL LEVELS IN CHILDREN WITH RECURRENT RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a plasma collectin and is considered an important component of innate immunity. Its plasma concentration is, for the most, part genetically determined by a series of single nucleotide polymorphisms located both in the structural gene and in the promoter region. MBL deficiency may be associated with increased susceptibility to infectious disease and autoimmune disorders. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to establish the reference serum level of MBL in children, investigate the correlation between MBL gene polymorphisms and its serum level in Chinese Han nationality, and MBL gene polymorphisms and serum level in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections. METHODS: The concentrations of oligomerized MBL in plasma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and MBL gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. RESULTS: The median MBL level in 470 normal children was 2536 ng/mL (range: 0–7860 ng/mL), and P2.5 to P97.5 was 161 to 5070 ng/mL. Two promoter polymorphisms, -550 and -221, and coding variants at codon 54 of the MBL gene affected the protein level significantly, and the most frequent genotype in Hans was HYPA/HYPA. Serum MBL levels were significantly lower in patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) compared with healthy controls (H = 6.661; P &lt; .05), and the frequency of the promoter LXP haplotype was significantly higher in patients with RRTIs than in controls (χ2 = 4.71; P = .03). The prevalence of the B allele in patients with RRTIs was higher than that in controls, but the difference did not reach significance (χ2 = 0.18; P &gt; .05). CONCLUSIONS: The MBL reference value in China is 161 ng/mL. Children with MBL concentrations of &lt;161 ng/mL, therefore, were deemed to be MBL deficient, and LXP is a risk factor for recurrent respiratory tract infections in this population.
The delivery of oral rabies vaccines to dogs: an African perspective.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Dog rabies control relies principally on the mass immunization of dogs in order to achieve population immunity levels sufficient to inhibit rabies transmission. In Africa, such high levels of population immunity are rarely achieved due to a number of reasons. Oral immunization has been shown to be an effective means of inducing high levels of immunity in fox populations in several European countries, and this technique has been mooted as a means of overcoming the logistical problems of delivering injectable rabies vaccines to dogs. This paper discusses the requirements for oral rabies vaccines for dogs in Africa and reviews the trials performed to date on baits and baiting systems suitable for the delivery of such vaccines. Issues affecting possible rabies vaccine distribution in the future are discussed and the major research issues still to be tackled are summarized.
Effect of Dialysis Modality and Membrane Permeability on FGF 23 Level and Cardiovascular Calcification in ESRD Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and vascular calcification is one of the strongest predictors of cardiovascular risk. The prevalence of vascular calcification increases as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines and calcification occurs years earlier in CKD patients than in the general population. (26). Aim of the Study To study the effect of hemodialysis modality in controlling FGF-23and to determine the impact of FGF23 on cardiovascular calcification Patients and Methods We selected 50 patients ESRD maintained on hemodialysis divided into 2 groups, Group 1: comprised of 25 patients maintained on hemodialysis with high flux dialyzer and Group 2: comprised of 25 maintained on weekly session of hemodiafiltration and comparison between both groups regarding FGF23 serum level in addition to cardiovascular screening for calcifications using ECHO, Carotid intima-media thickness, and carotid duplex. Results we found that Post dialysis FGF23 was significantly lower in “hemodiafiltration patients” than ‘hemodialysis patients” and Reduction ratio was significantly higher in “hemodiafiltration patients”(P &lt; 0.001).ECHO score and carotid duplex score were insignificantly different between both groups, but carotid intima-media thickness was significantly higher in haemodialysis patients (P value 0.035). Post HDF FGF 23 had a significant positive correlation with IMT (r = 0.579, P = 0.008). Serum FGF23 post-HD and HDF had significant positive correlation with serum Calcium (r = 0.659, P = 0.002), (r = 0.474, P = 0.035), PTH (r = 0.485, P = 0.03), (r = 547, P = 0.013) and CRP (r = 0.646, P = 0.002), (r = 707, P &lt; 0.001) and serum Phosphorus (r = 0.462, P = 0.04), (r = 478, P = 0.033) respectively. In HD group Carotid Duplex Score had significant positive correlation with serum Ca (r = 0.469, P = 0.037), while in HDF group Carotid Duplex Score had significant positive correlation with PTH (r = 0.59, P = 0.006). Conclusion Using online HDF technique showed a significant reduction of FGF23 and improvement of carotid intima-media thickness calcification score.
Design of a dual-function antenna for microwave gas detection and communication in industrial wireless sensor network applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this research project, a novel concept of integration of microwave gas sensing into industrial wireless sensor network is introduced. It is proposed that the antenna of the wireless sensor node can be made dual-function, where the antenna does not utilize the microwave signal only to transmit and receive data, but also to detect the presence of gas. Therefore, the primary objective of the research project is to design a dual-function antenna that meets both the relevant requirements of an industrial sensor network and a gas sensor. Relevant industrial specifications have been studied and additional specifications to yield feasible implementation has been deduced. A novel design of the antenna, a stacked disk hybrid monopole-dielectric resonator antenna, is proposed to meet the specifications.
Shepherding Slots to Objects: Towards Stable and Robust Object-Centric Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Object-centric learning (OCL) aspires general and compositional understanding of scenes by representing a scene as a collection of object-centric representations. OCL has also been extended to multi-view image and video datasets to apply various data-driven inductive biases by utilizing geometric or temporal information in the multi-image data. Single-view images carry less information about how to disentangle a given scene than videos or multi-view images do. Hence, owing to the difficulty of applying inductive biases, OCL for single-view images remains challenging, resulting in inconsistent learning of object-centric representation. To this end, we introduce a novel OCL framework for single-view images, SLot Attention via SHepherding (SLASH), which consists of two simple- yet-effective modules on top of Slot Attention. The new modules, Attention Refining Kernel (ARK) and Intermediate Point Predictor and Encoder (IPPE), respectively, prevent slots from being distracted by the background noise and indicate locations for slots to focus on to facilitate learning of object-centric representation. We also propose a weak semi-supervision approach for OCL, whilst our proposed framework can be used without any assistant annotation during the inference. Experiments show that our proposed method enables consistent learning of object-centric representation and achieves strong performance across four datasets. Code is available at https://github.com/object-understanding/SLASH.
Localization of RNA polymerase I i chromosomes by light and electron immunocytochemistry (nucleolus/nucleolus organizer/fibrillar centers/rRNA genes/anti-RN

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Rabbit antibodies to RNA polymerase I from a rat hepatoma have been used to localize the enzyme in a variety of cells at the light and electron microscopic level. In interphase cells the immunofluorescence pattern indicated that polymerase I is contained exclusively within the nucleolus. That this fluorescence, which appeared punctated rather than uniform, represented transcriptional complexes of RNA poly- merase I and rRNA genes was suggested by the observation that it was enhanced in regenerating liver and in a hepatoma and was markedly diminished in cells treated with actinomycin D. Electron microscopic immunolocalization using gold-cou- pled second antibodies showed that transcribed rRNA genes are located in, and probably confined to, the fibrillar centers of the nucleolus. In contrast, the surrounding dense fibrillar component, previously thought to be the site of nascent pre- rRNA, did not contain detectable amounts of polymerase I. During mitosis, polymerase I molecules were detected by im- munofluorescence microscopy at the chromosomal nucleolus organizer region, indicating that a considerable quantity of the enzyme remains bound to the rRNA genes. From this we con- clude that rRNA genes loaded with polymerase I molecules are transmitted from one cell generation to the next one and that factors other than the polymerase itself are involved in the modulation of transcription of DNA containing rRNA genes during the cell cycle.
Accurate Prediction of Process-Induced Deformations in Composites Using Layer-Wise Models and Theory-Guided Probabilistic Machine Learning

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are integral to high-performance aerospace applications, offering many exceptional properties such as high specific strength and stiffness. However, despite widespread use, several challenges persist during manufacturing, one of the most prevalent being the mitigation of residual stresses and process-induced deformations (PIDs). Shortcomings of traditional process simulation-based methods commonly employed to predict PIDs often contribute to these challenges. As a result, manufacturers often grapple with inaccurate PID predictions, component mismatches during assembly, increased production times, and compromised mechanical performance. This paper proposes an alternative method for accurately predicting PIDs in composite parts. First, a finite element (FE) solution scheme based on one-dimensional (1D) models and the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF), is employed to predict PIDs for L-shaped laminates in a defined design space. Then, the virtual simulation data is mapped to a reduced-order theory-guided domain and modeled using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), a probabilistic machine learning technique. The GPR model is then iteratively retrained to calibrate simulation predictions by incorporating limited real-world experimental data and creating an adaptive probabilistic model with a data-driven uncertainty structure. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by accurately predicting the cured deformed shape of an L-shaped cross-ply laminate using just five experiments. The method provides a cost-efficient framework for predicting, understanding, and potentially mitigating PIDs in composite parts.
Implementing CLSI in Warwickshire County Library

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Computer projects in Warwickshire County Library from 1974 led to separate system development for cataloguing, ordering and circulation. Problems with both the reliability and increasing costs of the circulation system led to a major evaluation of integrated library systems. CLSI LIBS100 system based on DEC PDP mini computers was selected and implementation began in November 1985. The paper describes the stages in selecting the CLSI system as well as the problems faced in converting diverse existing computer‐based systems to an integrated system.
Inequities in postnatal care in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To assess the socioeconomic, geographical and demographic inequities in the use of postnatal health-care services in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We searched Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central databases and grey literature for experimental, quasi-experimental and observational studies that had been conducted in low- and middle-income countries. We summarized the relevant studies qualitatively and performed meta-analyses of the use of postnatal care services according to selected indicators of socioeconomic status and residence in an urban or rural setting. Findings A total of 36 studies were included in the narrative synthesis and 10 of them were used for the meta-analyses. Compared with women in the lowest quintile of socioeconomic status, the pooled odds ratios for use of postnatal care by women in the second, third, fourth and fifth quintiles were: 1.14 (95% confidence interval, CI : 0.96–1.34), 1.32 (95% CI: 1.12–1.55), 1.60 (95% CI: 1.30–1.98) and 2.27 (95% CI: 1.75–2.93) respectively. Compared to women living in rural settings, the pooled odds ratio for the use of postnatal care by women living in urban settings was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.01–1.81). A qualitative assessment of the relevant published data also indicated that use of postnatal care services increased with increasing level of education. Conclusion In low- and middle-income countries, use of postnatal care services remains highly inequitable and varies markedly with socioeconomic status and between urban and rural residents.
Tetraploid taxa (2n = 28) of the Festuca ovina L. aggregate (Poaceae) in Siberia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The species aggregate of Festuca ovina L. (sensu latissimo) contains a widespread diploid species F. ovina s. str. (2n=14) and some tetraploid taxa (2n=28) distributed in South Siberia: F. sphagnicola B. Keller (Altai, West and East Sayan Mts) and F. vylzaniae (E. B. Alexeev) Tzvelev (sands on the eastern lakeside of Lake Baikal). A new tetraploid species, F. hircina Enustschenko et Prob. sp. nova (2n=28), is described from the western part of Baikal Siberia, where it occurs mostly on anthropogenic habitats.
AN ANALYSIS OF MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS TOWARDS ENGLISH TEXTBOOK USED BY STUDENTS AT SCHOOL

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Communication in learning can be assisted by the use of teaching materials, one of which is the use of a multimodal approach. This is in line with the multimodal principle which can streamline communication, so that the meaning conveyed will be more easily understood due to the use of various modals to support the existing meaning. Based on this, a study was conducted with the aim of knowing multimodality in an English book teaching material for elementary schools. Multimodality in teaching materials is considered important to analyze because it can affect the learning process. The research design conducted by researchers is a qualitative approach. The source of the data in this study was elementary school English textbooks. The instrument used is a multimodal indicator through linguistic metafunctions and the use of intersemiosis meaning. The data collection technique that the researchers used was a documentation study with a content analysis methodology. The results of the study show the findings of multimodal indicators through linguistic metafunctions and intersemiosis. From linguistic metafunction, it shows linguistic, visual, gesture, and spatial modality as much as 23.73% and for audio mode as much as 5.08%. from the results of intersemiosis found ideational 29.73%, interpersonal 37.84%, and textual 33.43%. These results indicate the conclusion that elementary school students' English books cannot yet be called multimodal teaching materials. The implications of this research are as a reference for teachers to develop media teaching materials, as a reference for updating student books, and to add to the repertoire of multimodal studies in Indonesia.