jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Water‐Soluble Alumina‐Coated Indium Phosphide Core–Shell Quantum Dots with Efficient Deep‐Red Emission Beyond 700 nm

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Solution‐processed colloidal III‐V semiconductor‐based quantum dots (QDs) represent promising and environmentally‐friendly alternatives to Cd‐based QDs in the realms of optoelectronics and biological applications. While InP‐based core–shell QDs have demonstrated efficient light‐emitting diode (LED) performance in the visible region, achieving deep‐red emission (above 700 nm) with a narrow linewidth has proven challenging. Herein, the study presents a novel strategy for synthesizing InP/ZnSe/ZnS core–shell–shell QDs tailored for emission in the first biological transparency window. The resulting QDs exhibit an emission wavelength up to 725 nm with a narrow peak full width at half maximum (FWHM) down to 107 meV (45 nm). To enhance the biocompatibility and chemical stability of the QDs, their surface is further capped with a layer of amorphous alumina resulting in an InP/ZnSe/ZnS/Al 2 O 3 heterostructure. This surface passivation not only ensures environmental‐ and photostability but also enhances the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). The alumina capping enables the aqueous phase transfer via surface ligand exchange using mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) while maintaining the initial quantum yield. The resulting QDs demonstrate a significant potential for advancing next‐generation optoelectronic technologies and bio‐applications.
How the ustasha regime exploited prejudices and stereotypes about jews in creating the myth about enemy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In examining the role of political myths in the Independent state of Croatia (NDH) propaganda, I will explore one political myth that aroused from pre-existing images and stereotypes about Jews in Croat lands that lie at the heart of NDH propaganda: The Myth about the Enemy. That myth was instrumental in providing “moral” justification for genocide and military violence against Jews throughout NDH history and is important for understanding how propaganda was successful in the recruitment of soldiers in the Ustasha movement, as well as for understanding war and genocidal rhetoric. I will discuss how official-level rhetoric has tailored that myth in order to provide significance for political circumstances and legitimize mass violence against Jews.
Model refinements of transformers via a subproblem finite element method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to develop a methodology for progressive finite element (FE) modeling of transformers, from simple to complex models of both magnetic cores and windings. Design/methodology/approach The progressive modeling of transformers is performed via a subproblem (SP) FE method. A complete problem is split into SPs with different adapted overlapping meshes. Model refinements are performed from ideal to real flux tubes, one-dimensional to two-dimensional to three-dimensional models, linear to nonlinear materials, perfect to real materials, single wire to volume conductor windings and homogenized to fine models of cores and coils, with any coupling of these changes. Findings The proposed unified procedure efficiently feeds each SP via interface conditions (ICs), which lightens mesh-to-mesh sources transfers and quantifies the gain given by each refinement on both local fields and global quantities, with a clear view on its significance to justify its usefulness, if any. It can also help in education with a progressive understanding of the various aspects of transformer designs. Originality/value Models of different accuracy levels are sequenced with successive additive corrections supported by different adapted meshes. The way the sources act at each correction step, up to the full models with their actual geometries, is given a particular care and generalized, allowing the proposed unified procedure. For all the considered corrections, the sources are always of IC type, thus only needed in layers of FE along boundaries, which lightens the required mesh-to-mesh projections between subproblems.
The Dynamic Impacts of Oil Price Shocks on Turkey’s Economic Growth

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study mainly aims at investigating the dynamic effects of a structural crude oil volatility shock on real economic growth for Turkish economy. To estimate the volatility, exponential GARCH( p , q ) model was used and to estimate the dynamic structural relationships between oil price volatility and economic growth, structural VAR model was used. Empirical results suggest that the long-run response of accumulated economic growth to a structural shock in real crude oil price volatility is points. This means that quarterly economic growth decreases by points and this finding is of strong statistical significance. Keywords: EGARCH, SVAR, oil price volatility
A Case of Palpable Parathyroid Tumour

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

On the evidence available it seems that neither arterial nor venous spasm is responsible (Haimovici and Suffness, 1948; De Bakey and Ochsner, 1949).In most of the reported cases factors well known to predispose to venous thrombosis, such as polycythaemia vera, dehydration, cardiac failure, and prolonged recumbency, have been absent.It is well known that phlegmasia alba dolens occurs com- monly during the puerperium, and this also applies to the severe variety of thrombosis which leads to gangrene.Cases of phlegmasia cerulea dolens, however, do not seem to be specially associated with the puerperium, and none of the reported cases have occurred during that period.Treatment This can conveniently be considered from the aspect of the peripheral circulatory failure, of the thrombosis, and of the swollen limb.As regards the peripheral circulatory failure, it is important to recognize that this demands urgent treatment with intravenous fluids which remain within the cardiovascular system.Compatible blood, small pool plasma, or dextran may be used, the amount necessary depending on the degree of the collapse.Treatment of the thrombosis demands the usual combination of heparin and ethyl biscoumacetate, and anticoagulant therapy should be continued until the patient is ambulant.As neither venous nor arterial spasm seems to play an important part, sympathetic blocks, papaverine injections, etc., can reason- ably be omitted.Treatment of the swollen limb entails its elevation above the heart level until the swelling has subsided, followed by external support to the limb in the form of an elastic stock- ing or of crepe bandages when the patient becomes ambu- lant.Persistent swelling of the limb despite these measures is no different from that following phlegmasia alba dolens, and the treatment of this is beyond the scope of this paper.Summay A case of phlegmasia cerulea dolens is described.Points of interest from the literature are discussed.Active treatment of the phase of collapse and peripheral circulatory failure is advocated.At the same time full doses of anticoagulants should be given.The further course is not dissimilar from that of the better-known phlegmasia alba dolens.
Reintegration of sex trafficking survivors in Nepal: challenges and coping mechanisms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The core intent of this study is to learn about the challenges faced by women survivors of sex trafficking in Nepal after their return. The study has attempted to answer questions about challenges survivors face, how they cope with the challenges, and resources available to these women to cope with the trauma and move ahead in life. In doing so, the study first considers demand and supply theory examining the influences of patriarchy, structural violence, the feminization of poverty and the social practices that support sex trafficking. The study also considers basic needs theory, increased opportunities to empower women, enhance participation and ensure their basic human rights. Despite all the hardships, survivors’ determination to rise from the ashes demonstrates courage and resilience. Throughout the study, empowerment is recognised as the driving force for these women to survive and thrive post-return. Economic independence, family’s love and acceptance, support and care from non-governmental organizations, and breaking silence regarding the ordeal these women survive foster empowerment. The study stresses the need to increase public awareness about sex trafficking in order to enable a respectful and dignified environment for the survivors. Survivors and NGO workers’ insight and experiences emphasize that for plans and policies to work effectively, the government bodies should work hand in hand with non-governmental organizations and increase the involvement of survivors throughout the reintegration process.
Molecular characterization of Porokeratosis in Tunisian patients with intraindividual and intrafamilial clinical heterogeneity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Porokeratosis (PK) is a group of rare acquired or inherited clonal keratinization disorders characterized by annular or linear hyperkeratotic plaques with central atrophy and raised borders. Cornoid lamella is the common histological feature between PK forms. Genes of the mevalonate pathway are implicated in the pathogenesis of this pathology. To date, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms remain misunderstood. Results In this study, we investigated two unrelated Tunisian families with heterogeneous PK for whom we reported a clinical heterogeneity with a simultaneous presence of three clinical forms of PK in two individuals. We identified two PMVK variants, nonsense and synonymous, in affected individuals and unaffected relatives. We suggest that the PK profiles of our Tunisian patients result from the germline nonsense mutation c.412A > T (p.R138*) responsible for the haploinsufficiency of the PMVK protein via the degradation of the mutant mRNA by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) mechanism and d a second hit postzygotic mutation in skin lesions. We suggest that the synonymous variant c.147A > G (p.E49=) could be a genetic predisposition factor increasing the susceptibility to the second hit mutation in the PMVK gene or another gene. Conclusion We report the first molecular characterization of PK within the Tunisian and North African populations. Our findings support the common molecular background of different clinical subtypes of PK and the fact that they can be considered a single disorder.
A computational approach to microRNA detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

During the last few years more and more functionalities of RNA have been discovered that were previously thought of being carried out by proteins alone. One of the most striking discoveries was the de tection of microRNAs, a class of noncoding RNAs that play an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Large-scale analyses are needed for the still increasingly growing amount of sequen ce data derived from new experimental technologies. In this paper we present a framework for the detection of the distinctive precursor structure of microRNAS that is based on the well-known Smith-Wat erman algorithm and various filtering steps. We conducted experiments on real genomic data and we found several new putative hits for microRNA precursor structures.
The nutritional profile of plant-based meat alternatives vs. traditional plant proteins: A product audit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) are products made from manufactured ingredients such as protein isolates, to replicate the organoleptic and functional properties of meat (1) . Traditional plant proteins (TPPs) such as tofu, tempeh and legume-based dishes are whole plant foods and have been longstanding components of the protein group of food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) (2) . PBMAs have been added to some recently revised FBDGs (3,4) , however, with considerable differences in ingredient composition, the objective of this study was to evaluate if these products are similar in terms of energy and macronutrients content. An online audit of PBMAs available in Tesco and Sainsbury’s was completed (November 2023January 2024). On-pack information was extracted, and similar products were grouped. Within eligible categories (burgers, beef-style dishes and seafood), products were further grouped according to their classification as a PBMA or TPP. Categories such as tofu and tempeh were combined and compared with PBMA chicken fillets/chunks and beef/pork products separately. Mean energy and nutrient contents were compared using independent sample t-tests, with P values ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. A-scores from the UK’s Nutrient Profiling Model (5) were calculated and the EU threshold for protein claims (≥12% energy from protein) (6) was applied to determine the proportion of products within each category considered a protein source. Within the burger category, PBMAs (n = 43) had a significantly higher mean energy (206.8 vs. 197.4 kcal/100g, P = 0.008), total fat (11.2 vs. 8.4 g/100g, P = 0.05), and saturated fat content (2.5 vs. 0.8 g/100g, P = 0.02), and significantly lower carbohydrate content (10.4 vs. 23.5 g/100g, P = 0.002) than TPPs (n = 14). Within the seafood category, PBMAs (n = 11) had a significantly lower total fat content (9.9 vs. 11.4 g/100g, P = 0.001) and significantly higher protein (6.6 vs. 4.5 g/100g, P = 0.04) and salt content (1.0 vs. 0.8 g/100g, P = 0.03) than TPPs (n = 5). PBMAs within the beef-style dishes category (n = 19) were significantly higher in energy (174.2 vs. 111.5 kcal/100g, P = 0.003) than TPPs (n = 20). When PBMA chicken (n = 81) and beef/pork (n = 20) were compared with tofu, tempeh and jackfruit (n = 17 and 20 respectively), PBMA chicken had a significantly higher carbohydrate content (12.2 vs. 2.6 g/100g, P<0.001) and PBMA beef/pork had a significantly higher protein content (17.2 vs. 13.1 g/100g, P = 0.005). PBMAs had higher mean A-scores (6.4 - 8.5) than TPPs (3.2 - 6.6) in 4/5 categories indicating they are ‘less healthy.’ Very few TPPs within the burger and seafood categories met the protein threshold compared to PBMAs. Differences in energy, macronutrient content and A-scores, mean PBMAs and TPPs cannot be considered nutritionally equal.
Wusor II: A Computer Aided Instruction Program with Student Modelling Capabilities

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wusor II is the second program that has been developed to tutor student in the game of Wumpus. From the earlier efforts with Wusor I it was possible to produce a rule-based expert which possesed a relatively complete mastery of the game. Wusor endeavours to teach the knowledge embodied in the rules used by the Expert. The Student Model represents Wusor's estimation of the student's knowledge of said rules, and this estimation is based primarily on analyses of the player's moves. The student Model allows Wusor to personalize his explanations to the student according to the student's current knowledge of the game. The result is a system which, according to preliminary results, is highly effective at tutoring students of varied abilities. (Author)
Potential Use of Native and Naturalized Insect Herbivores and Fungal Pathogens of Aquatic and Wetland Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract : Research is being conducted by U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) scientists to identify naturalized and/or native herbivores of aquatic plants in an effort to develop alternative management strategies through an understanding of the agents' biology and ecology. Some of the native species showing promise as biocontrol agents include Altica spp. for water primrose, Donacia spp. for American lotus, and Euhrychiopsis lecontei for Eurasian watermilfoil control. Naturalized species with possibility include Cyrtobagus salviniae for common and giant salvinia, and Parapoynx diminutalis for hydrilla. Information is presented herein for selected native and naturalized agents that may potentially be used to impact and manage all types of aquatic and wetland plant species including introduced, naturalized, and native species. Native and naturalized insect herbivores and fungal pathogens discussed include: Acanthoscelides quadridentatus, Acentria ephemerella, Altica spp., Cyrotobagous salviniae, Donacia spp., Euhrychiopsis lecontei, Hydrellia bilobifera Cresson, and H. discursa Deonier, Mycoleptodiscus terrestris, Ostrinia penitalis, Parapoynx diminutalis, Pergaster cretura, Simyra henrici, and Synclita oblieralis.
Desulfurization Kinetics and Regeneration of Silica\nGel-Supported TiO<sub>2</sub> Extrudates for Reactive Adsorptive Desulfurization\nof Real Diesel

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Desulfurization\nkinetics and regeneration of silica gel-supported\nTiO<sub>2</sub> extrudates were explored for the reactive adsorptive\ndesulfurization (RADS) process in this work. RADS using TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> extrudates with varied particle sizes was evaluated.\nThe textural and chemical properties of molded adsorbents were well\nmaintained after extrusion, with a negligible decrease (<0.97%)\nin the desulfurization capacity for 50 ppm low-sulfur diesel. The\nRADS of trilobed TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> was well described\nwith a first-order adsorption kinetic model of ln­(<i>C</i>) = −9.42 × 10<sup>–3</sup><i>t</i> +\n3.84, and TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> extrudates with smaller\nparticle size may provide larger external surface area and shorter\ndiffusion path. The impacts of packing density and weight hour space\nvelocity (WHSV) on fixed-bed dynamic RADS were discussed. The desorption\nof adsorbed diesel can be well presented by a first-order model, where\nthe total diesel yield of the RADS process reached above 99.5% at\na nitrogen purging temperature ≥150 °C. The effects of\nsolvent structure, polarity, and alkalinity on adsorbent regeneration\nwere further illustrated. This work provides an insight into the aspects\nof kinetics and regeneration of molded adsorbents to pave the way\nfor industrial fixed-bed desulfurization processes.
Assessment of Grain Storage Structures and Containers in Relation to Build-Up of Insect and Rodent Pests in Southwestern Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was designed to assess farmers grain storage containers in relation to buildup of storage pests in three selected districts of southwestern Ethiopia.One district was selected from each zone based on the production potential of selected grain crops such as maize, sorghum, wheat and faba bean.Then, 25 households were randomly selected from each district to collect stored grain samples used for the identification of storage insect pests, and grain samples were taken from different storage structures, including un-plastered and plastered gombisa, gumbi, and polypropylene sacks.The results showed that the dominant insect species in maize, sorghum and wheat grains were weevils (Sitophilus spp.) followed by the Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella Olivier) and flour beetles (Tribolium spp.), while the bean weevil (Zabrotes spp.) was the only species recovered from stored faba beans.High numbers of insects were recorded from both plastered and un-plastered gombisa, gumbi and polypropylene sacks.In addition, the number of each insect pest in each storage method recorded per 100 g -1 grain increased as the duration of grain storage increased.The results of this study also demonstrated that most of the farmers in the study areas perceived insect pests and rodents as the main postharvest pests causing considerable losses of stored grains.The poor storage systems of farmers predispose the stored grains to insect and rodent attacks.Thus, there is a need to train farmers on storage hygiene and to develop and disseminate efficient grain storage facilities to reduce losses in grain stores.Moreover, further studies need an improved pest detection method, such as the use of bioacoustics tools, to manage pests associated with grain stores.
Exercise programmes for ankylosing spondylitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We found moderate- to low-quality evidence that exercise programmes probably slightly improve function, may reduce pain, and probably slightly reduce global patient assessment of disease activity, when compared with no intervention, and measured upon completion of the programme. We found moderate- to low-quality evidence that exercise programmes probably have little or no effect on improving function or reducing pain, when compared with usual care, and may have little or no effect on reducing patient assessment of disease activity, when measured upon completion of the programmes. We are uncertain whether exercise programmes improve spinal mobility, reduce fatigue, or induce adverse effects.
Relation between Tibial Drawer Force, Muscle Tension, and Body Posture in Leg Press Exercises

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

前十字靱帯（ACL）再建術術後の大腿四頭筋筋力訓練の一つにレッグプレス運動がある．本研究では，レッグプレス運 動において，姿勢の違いがACL にかかる負荷である脛骨引き出し力や筋張力に与える影響について考察した．矢状面から動作計測を行い，下肢関節角度と足部に作用する反力から筋骨格モデルを用いて脛骨引き出し力や筋張力を推定した．11 種の姿勢について検討した結果，脛骨へは常に後方引き出し力が作用しACL 再建術術後の大腿四頭筋筋力訓練としてレッグプレス運動は安全であること，体幹を屈曲させることでより大きな後方引き出し力が作用しより安全に行えることが示唆された．
Spectral Phase Effects in High-Order Above Threshold Ionization of Noble Gas Atoms

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present theoretical studies of above threshold ionization (ATI) using sculpted laser pulses for noble gas atoms. The time-dependent Schroedinger equation is solved to calculate the ATI energy and momentum spectra, and a qualitative understanding of the electron motion after ionization is explored using a classical model that solves Newton's equation of motion. Results are presented for Gaussian and Airy laser pulses with identical power spectra, but differing spectral phases. The simulations show that the third order spectral phase of the Airy pulse, which can alter the temporal envelope of the electric field, causes changes to the timing of ionization and the dynamics of the rescattering process. Specifically, the use of Airy pulses in the ATI process results in a shift of the Keldysh plateau cutoff to lower energy due to a decreased pondermotive energy of the electron in the laser field. Additionally, the side lobes of the Airy laser pulse change the number and timing of rescattering events, which results in changes to the high-order ATI plateau. Our results also show that laser pulses with identical carrier envelope phases and nearly identical envelopes yield different photoelectron momentum densities, which are a direct result of the pulse's spectral phase.