jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Organizational resilience: Towards a theory and research agenda

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this paper we outline the contours of a theory of organizational resilience as well as a research agenda. First, we identify how the notion of resilience has become increasingly important to all organizations and argue that organization theory currently does not reflect its importance. Second we reconcile varying definitions of resilience to create a definition of organizational resilience. Third, we identify the affective, cognitive, relational, and structural mechanisms constitutive of organizational resilience. Fourth, we develop research questions regarding the antecedents and mechanisms of resilience.
Therapeutic effects of the instant rheumatoid medicinal granules for treatment of acute rheumatoid arthritis--a report of 34 cases.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The Instant rheumatoid medicinal granules (IRMG [symbol: see text]) is a proprietary drug for oral administration after being dissolved in boiled water. It consists of the herbs for clearing away heat, detoxifying, eliminating dampness, promoting flow of qi, invigorating blood circulation and relieving pain, used for treatment of acute rheumatoid arthritis. Of the 34 cases treated, 5 cases were clinically cured, and 15 cases markedy effective, the total effective rate being 91.23%. IRMG also showed certain action on immune regulation.
(Digital Presentation) Aqueous Zn Batteries and Capacitors Working Under Extreme Conditions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Aqueous zinc-based energy storage devices hold great promise for grid-level energy storage yet are challenged by dendritic growth and low Coulombic efficiency under both normal and extreme conditions. In the past years, we have developed Zn batteries and capacitors working under extreme conditions through engineering electrode, electrolyte, and binder. The first project is the development of Zn-free polymer anode that enables ultrafast rates (100 A g -1 ), ultralong life (1 million cycles), and ultrahigh-loadings (50 mg cm -2 ) through DFT calculation, polymer preparation, and electrolyte optimization. The optimal polymer possesses suitable electronic structure and a large π-conjugated structure and its storage mechanism involves reversible Zn 2+ /proton co-storage at the carbonyl site. The polymer-based full cells demonstrate ultrahigh power densities and ultralong lifespans, far surpassing those of corresponding Zn-metal-based devices. The second project is the making of ultrafast, stable, high-loading and wide-temperature zinc ion supercapacitors through the incorporation of activated carbon (AC), aqueous binder, and concentrated electrolyte. AC exhibits large surface area, hierarchical porous structures, and abundant heteroatom dopants, aqueous binder enhances electrode-electrolyte wettability enabling high-mass-loading electrode, and concentrated electrolyte gives high Zn stripping/plating efficiency, high ionic conductivity as well as suppressed hydrogen bonding interaction in water realizing ultralow frozen temperature. Three keys combined unlock unprecedented ZICs with a large capacitance of 436 F g −1 (capacity: 200 mAh g −1 ), ultrahigh rate up to 200 Ag −1 , ultralong cycles (0.3 million), ultrahigh loadings (10 mg cm −2 ) under lean electrolyte (8.8 µL mg −1 ), and wide-temperature operation (-60∼60 °C), leading to a maximal energy density of 134.8 Wh kg −1 and power density of 118.4 kW kg −1 . A proton/Zn 2+ ion co-interaction mechanism was revealed in the AC electrode. With low cost and extreme functionalities, this work opens an avenue towards practical supercapacitors beyond normal conditions.
The modulation and coherence functions between atmospheric turbulence at the sea surface and the microwave radar cross section

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The concept of the modulation transfer function between the microwave backscatter from meter-sized areas of the sea surface and the long dominant-wave slope is being expanded to include the role of wind fluctuations at the surface. In the experimental results from the SAXON-FPN experiment, X-band radar measurements have been supplemented by simultaneous wind measurements performed by an ultrasonic anemometer positioned 5 meters above the surface. This study is to examine the correlation between the low frequency wind fluctuations and the sizeable low frequency signal in the corresponding radar spectrum that has long been observed but not yet explained. The results of the joint radar and wind data analysis show coherences between the atmospheric turbulence and the RCS fluctuations. In the frequency range where the ocean wave spectrum is dominant (>0.1 Hz) the coherence function for the atmospheric turbulence displays a minor, but still visible role. In the frequency range below 0.01 Hz, the authors find the highest consistent coherences. This finding implies that the 2 cm Bragg waves at a given location appears to be less affected by the local instantaneous wind and stress; it is only correlated with the wind on scales of 10's of minutes.< >
An adaptive higher order finite element model and modal energy for the vibration of a traveling string

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A nonlinear equation describing the transverse vibration of an axially traveling string with constant and time-varying length is obtained by developing a new finite element model described by quadratic shape functions. A novel nonlinear coordinate transform is introduced with regard to its nonlinear terms. Subsequently, a new hybrid Newmark-beta/time varying degree of freedom method, which can adjust the element number automatically according to the change of string length, is proposed to improve accuracy. The proposed method as well as normal numerical methods are compared with an analytical solution. Results show that the proposed method is in good agreement with the Newmark-beta method for the case of small variations in string length, whilst it is superior in accuracy to the latter in the case of large length variations. Complex mode theory is adopted firstly to obtain the modal components as well as subsequently the modal energy for a traveling string. A phenomenon is observed where the free vibration energy leaks from one mode to the others in a traveling string. The higher the speed of translation and the modal order, the more energy that is leaked into the modes close to the initially excited mode.
Development of high sensitive radioimmunoassay and biosensor for human nocistatin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In order to investigate possible relationships between NST and pain perception, highly sensitive and rapid detection methods and devices for human NST (hNST) are required. Analytical assays in research are progressing by the development of new, simple, rapid techniques, however bearing in mind that sometimes no viable match to conventional assays can be found due to their increased sensitivity and precision.
OCTAI: Smartphone-based Optical Coherence Tomography Image Analysis System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Identifying diseases in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images using Deep Learning models and methods is emerging as a powerful technique to enhance clinical diagnosis. Identifying macular diseases in the eye at an early stage and preventing misdiagnosis is crucial. The current methods developed for OCT image analysis have not yet been integrated into an accessible form-factor that can be utilized in a real-life scenario by Ophthalmologists. Additionally, current methods do not employ robust multiple metric feedback. This paper proposes a highly accurate smartphone-based Deep Learning system, OCTAI, that allows a user to take an OCT picture and receive real-time feedback through on-device inference. OCTAI analyzes the input OCT image in three different ways: (1) full image analysis, (2) quadrant based analysis, and (3) disease detection based analysis. With these three analysis methods, along with an Ophthalmologist's interpretation, a robust diagnosis can potentially be made. The ultimate goal of OCTAI is to assist Ophthalmologists in making a diagnosis through a digital second opinion and enabling them to cross-check their diagnosis before making a decision based on purely manual analysis of OCT images. OCTAI has the potential to allow Ophthalmologists to improve their diagnosis and may reduce misdiagnosis rates, leading to faster treatment of diseases.
The Laboratory Diagnosis of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): Update 2010

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired stem cell disorder associated with periodic hemolytic events. This benign clonal condition is caused by the abnormal X-linked phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIGA) gene and has been associated with cytopenias and thrombosis. Recent improvements in PNH diagnostics relate to technical advances in flow cytometry (FCM), which can detect PNH cells at about 0.01% of total cells. Also, limitations of fluorescent inactivated aerolysin (FLAER) for measurement of the RBC clone have been recognized. Earlier methods involved immunological techniques associated with complement-mediated RBC lysis. These tests, including both Ham’s acid hemolysis test (HT) and the sucrose lysis test (SLT), can detect PNH cells at <5% of total cells. These lytic techniques have been replaced by multi-color
Understanding the impacts of allocation approaches during process-based life cycle assessment of water treatment chemicals

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Chemicals are an important component of advanced water treatment operations not only in terms of economics but also from an environmental standpoint. Tools such as life cycle assessment (LCA) are useful for estimating the environmental impacts of water treatment operations. At the same time, LCA analysts must manage several fundamental and as yet unresolved methodological challenges, one of which is the question of how best to “allocate” environmental burdens in multifunctional processes. Using water treatment chemicals as a case study example, this article aims to quantify the variability in greenhouse gas emissions estimates stemming from methodological choices made in respect of allocation during LCA. The chemicals investigated and reported here are those most important to coagulation and disinfection processes, and the outcomes are illustrated on the basis of treating 1000 ML of noncoagulated and nondisinfected water. Recent process and economic data for the production of these chemicals is used and methodological alternatives for solving the multifunctionality problem, including system expansion and mass, exergy, and economic allocation, are applied to data from chlor-alkali plants. In addition, Monte Carlo simulation is included to provide a comprehensive picture of the robustness of economic allocation results to changes in the market price of these industrial commodities. For disinfection, results demonstrate that chlorine gas has a lower global warming potential (GWP) than sodium hypochlorite regardless of the technique used to solve allocation issues. For coagulation, when mass or economic allocation is used to solve the multifunctionality problem in the chlor-alkali facility, ferric chloride was found to have a higher GWP than aluminum sulfate and a slightly lower burden where system expansion or exergy allocation are applied instead. Monte Carlo results demonstrate that when economic allocation is used, GWP results were relatively robust and resilient to the changes in commodity prices encountered during the study period, with standard deviations less than 6% for all chlor-alkali-produced chemicals reported here. Overall outcomes from the study demonstrate the potential variability in LCA results according to the allocation approach taken and emphasize the need for a consensus approach to water sector LCAs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;X:000–000. © 2013 SETAC Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:87–94. © 2013 SETAC
The complexity of constrained min-max optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Despite its important applications in Machine Learning, min-max optimization of nonconvex-nonconcave objectives remains elusive. Not only are there no known first-order methods converging even to approximate local min-max points, but the computational complexity of identifying them is also poorly understood. In this paper, we provide a characterization of the computational complexity of the problem, as well as of the limitations of first-order methods in constrained min-max optimization problems with nonconvex-nonconcave objectives and linear constraints. As a warm-up, we show that, even when the objective is a Lipschitz and smooth differentiable function, deciding whether a min-max point exists, in fact even deciding whether an approximate min-max point exists, is NP-hard. More importantly, we show that an approximate local min-max point of large enough approximation is guaranteed to exist, but finding one such point is PPAD-complete. The same is true of computing an approximate fixed point of Gradient Descent/Ascent. An important byproduct of our proof is to establish an unconditional hardness result in the Nemirovsky-Yudin model. We show that, given oracle access to some function $f : P \to [-1, 1]$ and its gradient $\nabla f$, where $P \subseteq [0, 1]^d$ is a known convex polytope, every algorithm that finds a $\varepsilon$-approximate local min-max point needs to make a number of queries that is exponential in at least one of $1/\varepsilon$, $L$, $G$, or $d$, where $L$ and $G$ are respectively the smoothness and Lipschitzness of $f$ and $d$ is the dimension. This comes in sharp contrast to minimization problems, where finding approximate local minima in the same setting can be done with Projected Gradient Descent using $O(L/\varepsilon)$ many queries. Our result is the first to show an exponential separation between these two fundamental optimization problems.
[Abdominal cystic lymphangiomas and mesenteric cysts: the clinical considerations].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors present their experience about intra-abdominal lymphangiomas and mesenteric cysts. The histologic evidence shows that these lesions are different. An exact histologic diagnosis is important because lymphangiomas are more invasive and relapsing than mesenteric cysts. Of 8 cases founded at laparotomy, 6 were lymphangiomas and 2 mesenteric cysts. Larger lesions were caused by lymphangiomas (mean, 11 cm vs 6 cm) when compared with mesenteric cysts. Complete resection was possible in all 8 patients, without recurrence after a mean follow-up of 4 years.
American Community Survey (ACS): Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), 2003

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The American Community Survey (ACS) is a part of the Decennial Census Program and is designed to produce critical information about the characteristics of local communities. The ACS publishes social, housing, and economic characteristics for demographic groups covering a broad spectrum of geographic areas in the United States. Every year the ACS supports the release of single-year estimates for geographic areas with populations of 65,000 or more. Demographic variables include sex, age, relationship, households by type, race, and Hispanic origin. Social characteristics variables include school enrollment, educational attainment, marital status, fertility, grandparents caring for children, veteran status, disability status, residence one year ago, place of birth, United States citizenship status, year of entry, world region of birth of foreign born, language spoken at home, and ancestry. Variables focusing on economic characteristics include employment status, commuting to work, occupation, industry, class of worker, income and benefits, and poverty status. Variables focusing on housing characteristics include occupancy, units in structure, year structure was built, number of rooms, number of bedrooms, housing tenure, year householder moved into unit, vehicles available, house heating fuel, utility costs, occupants per room, housing value, and mortgage status. The American Community Survey is conducted under the authority of Title 13, United States Code, Sections 141 and 193, and response is mandatory.
Acute toxicological and behavioural effects of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) in the model nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) has emerged as a significant environmental contaminant driven by the industrial transition to short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances. This study evaluates the behavioural toxicological impact of PFHxA on Caenorhabditis elegans, focusing on key endpoints including survival, locomotion, chemotaxis, reproduction, and growth. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was determined to be 521.3 mg L−1. Notably, exposure to PFHxA at concentrations as low as 0.31 mg L−1 resulted in significant reductions in reproduction, lifespan, body size, and head thrashing behavior. At 3.14 mg L−1, PFHxA further impaired chemotaxis learning and reduced body-bending frequency. The study also highlights the relationship between PFCA toxicity and chain length, with a toxicity gradient observed (PFOA >> PFHxA> PFBA). As the industry increasingly adopts short chain PFAS as alternatives to their long chain counterparts, PFHxA levels in the environment are expected to rise, particularly in regions impacted by firefighting foam usage. These findings highlight the importance of assessing the ecological risks associated with short chain PFAS. Importantly, this study is the first to demonstrate the toxic effects of PFHxA in nematodes, suggesting that PFHxA could pose a significant risk to non-target organisms such as C. elegans.
Conformal Kaehler Submanifolds

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper presents two results in the realm of conformal Kaehler submanifolds. These are conformal immersions of Kaehler manifolds into the standard flat Euclidean space. The proofs are obtained by making a rather strong use of several facts and techniques developed in Chion and Dajczer (Proc Edinb Math Soc 66:810–833, 2023) for the study of isometric immersions of Kaehler manifolds into the standard hyperbolic space.
Bicycloannulation with isopropenyltriphenylphosphonium bromide. The synthesis of trachyloban-19-oic acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

1-Methyltricyclo[3.2.1.02,7]octan-6-ones can be prepared in one step from the α′-enolates of αβ-cyclohexenones and isopropenyltriphenylphosphonium bromide; this reaction has been employed as the key step in a synthesis of trachyloban-19-oic acid from podocarpic acid.
The role of high molecular weight fibroblast growth factor-2 in cardiac response to injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) is a multifunctional protein expressed as 18 kDa, low molecular weight (Lo-FGF2), and >20 kDa, high molecular weight (Hi-FGF2) isoforms with potentially distinct biological functions. In the current thesis we have investigated the general hypothesis that the FGF2 isoforms exert distinct long- term effects towards cardiac response to injurious stimuli. Administration of recombinant Lo- or Hi-FGF2 were equally effective in attenuating acute Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiomyocyte damage and cell death in vitro, through the activation of mTOR/Nrf2/Heme oxygenase-1 pathway. Additionally, it was documented that a non-mitogenic, non-angiogenic mutant form of Lo-FGF2, carrying a serine-to-alanine, S117A, substitution, retained the cardioprotective properties against Dox. A genetic mouse model lacking endogenous Hi-FGF2 (but not Lo-FGF2) expression, FGF2(Lo) was found to be protected from Dox-induced decline in contractile function, at 10 days post-Dox injection, as assessed by echocardiography, in both male and female mice. Wild type mice showed the expected decline in cardiac function post-Dox. Neutralizing anti-Hi-FGF2 antibodies, furthermore, were able to attenuate Dox-induced damage in cardiomyocytes co-cultured with wild type fibroblasts. Thus, elimination of endogenous Hi-FGF2, or neutralization of secreted, paracrine Hi-FGF2, increases cardiomyocyte resistance to Dox exposure. Using transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery to induced pressure overload it was found that genetic elimination of Hi-FGF2 prevented the decline in systolic function, the increases in cardiac stress markers, and increases in cardiomyocyte size, present in FGF2 (WT) mice at 4-8 weeks post-TAC. In contrast, diastolic dysfunction, fibrosis, and cardiac mass enlargement post-TAC were found to be independent of endogenous Hi-FGF2. Whole cardiac transcriptome analysis revealed increased expression of the cardioprotective heat shock 70 (HSP70) protein in the absence of endogenous Hi-FGF2. In addition, genes involved in modulation of the circadian rhythm, most prominently the nuclear receptor NR1D1, may also contribute to the protected phenotype of the FGF2(Lo) mice, as they were differentially regulated post-TAC depending on the presence or absence of endogenous Hi-FGF2. Work presented here shows that endogenous Hi-FGF2 aggravates cardiac response to two major causes of heart failure, Dox-toxicity and pressure overload. Neutralization of paracrine Hi-FGF2 through an antibody-based approach is a possible therapeutic approach against these pathologies.
School Psychologists’ Perceptions of Selecting Divorce-Themed Books for Elementary-Aged Children Experiencing Parental Divorce

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Divorce is a common event in the United States; an estimated 50% of marriages end in divorce. With so many divorces each year, a substantial number of children are impacted. Divorce can have negative effects socially, behaviorally, emotionally, and academically, in both the short term and the long term. Bibliotherapy is a therapeutic tool centered on the use of books and stories to assist in the understanding and expression of an event. Bibliotherapy has been shown to be effective for children who have experienced similar traumatic events such as loss. Research suggests that bibliotherapy could be a flexible, cost efficient, time efficient, and therapeutically effective intervention for children experiencing divorce. This research project attempted to further understand and identify the perspectives of school psychologists on the selection and use of bibliotherapy for children experiencing divorce in their families. Participants (n=11) discussed their perceptions of 16 preselected children’s divorce books. They also discussed their perceptions on important selection criteria to consider when selecting a book to use with children of divorce. Overarching themes indicated that participants proposed that an effective book individualizes treatment; portrays realistic experiences; includes topics that are practical, comprehensive and multi-dimensional; provides an engaging and interactive story; and addresses and identifies emotions. Future research is recommended to explore the effectiveness of using carefully selected stories in supporting elementary-aged children experiencing parental divorce.