jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Free Fatty Acid Storage in Human Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Role of Adipocyte Proteins

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE—Because direct adipose tissue free fatty acid (FFA) storage may contribute to body fat distribution, we measured FFA (palmitate) storage rates and fatty acid (FA) storage enzymes/ proteins in omental and abdominal subcutaneous fat. RESEARCHDESIGNANDMETHODS—Elective surgery patients received a bolus of [1-14C]palmitate followed by omental and abdom-inal subcutaneous fat biopsies to measure direct FFA storage. Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase activities, CD36, fatty acid-binding protein, and fatty acid transport protein 1 were measured. RESULTS—Palmitate tracer storage (dpm/g adipose lipid) and calculated palmitate storage rates were greater in omental than abdominal subcutaneous fat in women (1.2 6 0.8 vs. 0.7 6 0.4 mmol $ kg adipose lipid21 $ min21, P = 0.005) and men (0.7 6 0.2 vs. 0.2 6 0.1, P, 0.001), and both were greater in women than
Marker-Assisted Gene Pyramiding and the Reliability of Using SNP Markers Located in the Recombination Suppressed Regions of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rust caused by the fungus Puccinia helianthi and downy mildew (DM) caused by the obligate pathogen Plasmopara halstedii are two of the most globally important sunflower diseases. Resistance to rust and DM is controlled by race-specific single dominant genes. The present study aimed at pyramiding rust resistance genes combined with a DM resistance gene, using molecular markers. Four rust resistant lines, HA-R3 (carrying the R4 gene), HA-R2 (R5), HA-R8 (R15), and RHA 397 (R13b), were each crossed with a common line, RHA 464, carrying a rust gene R12 and a DM gene PlArg. An additional cross was made between HA-R8 and RHA 397. Co-dominant simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers linked to the target genes were used to discriminate between homozygotes and heterozygotes in F2 populations. Five pyramids with different combinations of rust resistance genes were selected in the homozygous condition through marker-assisted selection, and three of them were combined with a DM resistance gene PlArg: R4/R12/PlArg, R5/R12/PlArg, R13b/R12/PlArg, R15/R12, and R13b/R15. The pyramiding lines with the stacking of two rust and one DM genes were resistant to all known races of North American sunflower rust and all known races of the pathogen causing DM, potentially providing multiple and durable resistance to both rust and DM. A cluster of 12 SNP markers spanning a region of 34.5 Mb on chromosome 1, which co-segregate with PlArg, were tested in four populations. Use of those markers, located in a recombination suppressed region in marker selection, is discussed.
Distributed ledger technology: Implications of blockchain for the securities industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Distributed ledger technology (DLT) is emerging as a potential disruptive force in the financial services industry and has garnered significant interest from various stakeholders. The technology offers the potential of significant efficiency gains and risk reduction, but also brings with it a new set of risks such as those related to security and privacy. Some argue that it could change the status quo of how securities are issued, traded and cleared, and redefine the roles of various market players. This paper provides an overview of distributed ledger technology and explains key features such as public versus private networks, the use of digital assets, and the general process for conducting and verifying transactions and recording them on a DLT network. It then highlights some key applications being explored in the securities industry including those in the equity, debt and derivatives markets, and in the utilities space. Further, the paper explores the potential impact of the technology in key areas of market efficiencies, transparency, role of intermediaries and operations, and highlights related benefits and risks. Many of the securities laws that the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is charged with overseeing are potentially implicated by various DLT applications.
Antebrachium Fractures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study was undertaken to clarify the usefulness of the Rush pin intramedullary semirigid nailing technique in the treatment of 88 antebrachium fractures in 48 consecutive adult patients during the years 1966 through 1977. Of the patients 45 were followed for an average of 7.6 years (range, 2-14 years). The clinical results (antebrachium and wrist movements) were good in 78% of the cases with few complications. Union was delayed in five cases. There were no cases of wound infection, nonunion, or bone atrophy. The method was suitable for almost all types of fracture, even in elderly patients. Severe comminuted fractures with a shortening tendency on the radius require a special technique to prevent ulnar variance. The low degree of operative trauma may contribute to the excellent results obtained with the Rush technique.
Software updates for particle sizer

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Today, the popularity of peer-assisted music-on-demand (MoD) has increased significantly worldwide. This service allows users to access large music library tracks, listen to music, and share their playlist with other users. Unlike the conventional voice traffic, such an application maintains music quality that ranges from 160 kbps to 320 kbps, which most likely consumes more bandwidth than other traffics. In the access network, Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is one of the best candidates for delivering such a service because of being cost-effective and with high bandwidth. To maintain music quality, a stutter needs to be prevented because of either network effects or when the due user was not receiving enough resources to play in a timely manner. Therefore, in this paper, we propose two genetic expression programming (GEP)-based dynamic bandwidth allocations (DBAs). The first DBA is a generic DBA that aims to find an optimum formula for voice, video, and data services. The second DBA aims to find optimum formulas so that Optical Line Terminal (OLT) can satisfy not only the voice and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) MoD traffics but also reduce the stutter. Optical Network Unit (ONU) traits such as REPORT and GATE messages, cycle time, and mean packet delay are set to be predictor variables. Simulation results show that our proposed DBAs can satisfy the voice and P2P MoD services packet delay and monitor other overall system performances such as expedited forwarding (EF) jitter, packet loss, bandwidth waste, and system throughputs.
Approach for moving object detection using visible spectrum and thermal infrared imaging

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Moving object detection is one of the most promising research areas, which is required in different applications, such as video monitoring and surveillance systems, human activity recognition systems, vehicle counting, and anomaly detection. Various methods for object detection using single sensor and a few using multimodal techniques have been reported in the literature. However, such systems fail to handle adverse or challenging atmospheric conditions such as illumination variations, scale and appearance change of objects or targets, occlusions, and camouflaged conditions. We have presented an approach for the detection of moving objects using structural similarity metric (SSIM) and Gaussian mixture model (GMM). SSIM is used to compute similarity between reference mean background frame and foreground frame of visible spectrum (VIS) and thermal infrared (IR) independently. The computation of similarity measure is performed in an image spatial domain. The threshold results of SSIM are fused together using different pixel-level fusion methods such logical "OR," discrete wavelet transform, and principal components analysis. Temporal analysis is performed to eliminate noise and false positives (unwanted background regions) using GMM on fused results. We have compared the results with recent methods for different complex scenarios and found out that approximately F-measure increases up to 80%. Hence, the proposed method proves to be a robust moving object detection technique in multimodality domain.
Prepectoral and Subpectoral Tissue Expander–Based Breast Reconstruction: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of 90-Day Clinical and Health-Related Quality-of-Life Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Prepectoral placement of tissue expanders for two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction potentially minimizes chest wall morbidity and postoperative pain. The authors explored 90-day clinical and health-related quality-of-life outcomes for prepectoral versus subpectoral tissue expander breast reconstruction. Methods: The authors conducted a propensity score-matching analysis (nearest neighbor, 1:1 matching without replacement) of patients who underwent immediate prepectoral or subpectoral tissue expander breast reconstruction between December of 2017 and January of 2019. Matched covariates included age, body mass index, race/ethnicity, smoking status, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, nipple-sparing mastectomy, and laterality of reconstruction. Outcomes of interest were perioperative analgesia use, 90-day postoperative patient-reported pain, complication rates, and BREAST-Q physical well-being of the chest scores. Results: Of the initial cohort of 921 patients, 238 were propensity-matched and included in the final analysis. The matched cohort had no differences in baseline characteristics. Postoperative ketorolac ( p = 0.048) use was higher in the subpectoral group; there were no other significant differences in intraoperative and postoperative analgesia use. Prepectoral patients had lower pain on postoperative days 1 to 2 but no differences on days 3 to 10. BREAST-Q physical well-being of the chest scores did not differ. Prepectoral patients had higher rates of seroma than subpectoral patients ( p < 0.001). Rates of tissue expander loss did not differ. Conclusions: This matched analysis of 90-day complications found lower early postoperative pain in prepectoral tissue expander patients but no longer-term patient-reported differences. Although prepectoral reconstruction patients experienced a higher rate of seroma, this did not translate to a difference in tissue expander loss. Long-term analysis of clinical and patient-reported outcomes is needed to understand the full profile of the prepectoral technique. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.
Hungary: ‘Gains and Losses'. Changing the Relationship with the European Court of Human Rights

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Hungary was the first country from the post-Communist bloc to join the Council of Europe and ratify the European Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter: Convention or ECHR) in November 1992; this remains a matter of national pride in spite of the growing number of condemnations from Strasbourg. The Convention was promulgated and thus became part of the Hungarian legal system through Act no. XXXIII of 1993 passed in April 1993. There is a broad consensus that joining the Council of Europe and the Convention system marked an important step in the country's striving for the Euro-Atlantic integration, and this position has not changed even if the critical voices about the interpretation followed by the European Court of Human Rights (hereinaft er: ECtHR) have become louder. The Council of Europe is still perceived “as an organisation demonstrating a clear political and ideological stand”, and “there are very few international organisations that have such clear and direct impact on the lives of people and citizens than the European Court of Human Rights”.
Generalized dynamical models of gene expression and gene classification, Funt

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Powerful new experimental methods have been used to moni-tor changes in gene expression levels as a result of a variety ofmetabolic, xenobiotic or pathogenic challenges. Here we pre-sent a general approach to both statistical analysis and dynamic mod-eling of gene expression profiles that uses linear response theory. The formalism leads naturally to Markov models of the network reflected in the data, and provides a direct method of classifying genes accord-ing to their place in the resulting network. Non-linear and higher order Markov behavior of the network can also be included by a self-consistent method. In a sample data set from yeast, we calculate the Markov matrix and the gene classes based on the linear Markov net-work.
Fuzzy Multiobjective Optimization

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

For decision making problems involving uncertainty, there exist two typical approaches: stochastic programming and fuzzy programming. In this chapter, multiobjective linear programming and interactive multiobjective linear programming, both incorporating fuzzy goals of the decision maker (DM), are introduced. Multiobjective linear programming problems with fuzzy parameters are also formulated and interactive decision making methods, both without and with the fuzzy goals of the DM, for deriving a satisficing solution for the DM efficiently are presented. Finally, multiobjective linear programming problems involving random variable coefficients, called stochastic multiobjective linear programming problems, are considered. By making use of stochastic models such as a probability maximization model together with chance constrained conditions, the stochastic multiobjective programming problems are transformed into deterministic ones. After determining the fuzzy goals of the DM, interactive fuzzy satisficing methods are introduced for deriving a satisficing solution for the DM. Controlled Vocabulary Terms decision making; fuzzy logic; linear programming; stochastic process; uncertainty
Integration of in vivo exposure and network pharmacology to investigate the pharmacodynamic material basis and action mechanism of Sinomenii Caulis in the treatment of myocardial infarction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background It is generally believed that the materials basis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are chemical substances and their metabolites entering the systemic circulation or target organs. In this case, analyzing and screening the possible pharmacodynamic substances of drugs from the perspective of in vivo exposure might provide the basis or direction for network pharmacology, a powerful tool for exploring the bioactive components and potential targets of TCM. Based on these, this study aims to develop a novel strategy to quickly screen out the pharmacodynamic substances and mechanisms of TCM in diseases, and further applied it to the pharmacodynamic substances and action mechanism study of Sinomenii Caulis (SC) in treating myocardial infarction (MI). Methods Firstly, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) technology was used to study the exposed components of SC in mice. According to the main exposed components, the key genes, proteins, and mechanisms of SC in MI were predicted by network pharmacology. Finally, the effects of SC and its main pharmacodynamic substances on MI were evaluated by building a model of MI in vivo , and the possible key proteins were docked and verified by molecular docking or western blotting. Results The analysis of substances exposed in vivo revealed that the main exposed substances in mice were sinomenine, magnoflorine, menisperine, and their metabolites. Network pharmacology and molecular docking, combined with exposure to substances of SC in vivo , revealed that sinomenine was the potential pharmacodynamic substance of SC. By establishing a mouse model of MI in vivo , it was found that sinomenine had the same therapeutic effect on MI as SC containing the same dose of sinomenine. By western blotting and molecular docking, sinomenine was found to play a therapeutic role by inhibiting AKT phosphorylation. Conclusions The study indicates that the rational combination of exposure research in vivo and network pharmacology might be beneficial to discover the pharmacodynamic substances and their mechanisms of TCM. Meanwhile, this is a pioneer report that sinomenine, the main exposed substance of SC, had the same therapeutic effect on MI as SC containing the same dose of and inhibited AKT phosphorylation.
Multi-center study of two dose levels of paclitaxel with carboplatin in locally advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this multicenter study, the combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin produced a moderate RR of 23.8% in stages IIIA/B & IV NSCLC. The therapy was generally well tolerated at both doses of paclitaxel. Myelosuppression, neurotoxicity and alopecia were the major therapy-related side-effects. The differences between the two paclitaxel dose cohorts with respect to activity and toxicity were minimal. The use of the Chatelut formula to calculate the carboplatin clearance is feasible, but might have lead to the apparent excess in myelotoxicity in our study compared to other studies which used other methods for estimating renal function.
Automated versus non-automated weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation for critically ill adults and children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: The primary objective for this review is to compare the total duration of weaning from mechanical ventilation, defined as the time from study randomization to successful extubation (as defined by study authors), for critically ill ventilated patients managed with an automated weaning system versus no automated weaning system (usual care). A secondary objective for this review is to determine differences in ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU), and hospital outcomes when the use of automated weaning systems is compared to weaning in the absence of an automated weaning system.
Creating Patient Context: Empathy and Attitudes Toward Diabetes Following Virtual Immersion

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Pandemic circumstances created challenges for doctor of physical therapy (DPT) students to understand social determinants of health (SDH) in clinical rotations. Instead of canceling clinical rotations, a virtual reality cinema (cine-VR) education series was implemented. The purpose of this project is to describe the effect of this simulated immersion on student empathy and attitudes toward diabetes. Method: The DPT students (n=59) participated in 12 cine-VR education modules, completing surveys at three time points as part of coursework. The students completed baseline measures of the Diabetes Attitude Scale–Version 3 (DAS-3) and Jefferson Empathy Scale (JES), and then were immersed in 12 cine-VR modules. One week after module completion, students participated in a class discussion about the modules. The students repeated the JES and DAS-3 scales at postclass and six weeks later. Three subscales from the Presence Questionnaire (PQ) were used to measure the virtual experience. Results: Student scores on three DAS-3 subscales significantly improved on posttest: Attitude toward patient autonomy, Mean: 0.75, SD: 0.45; t(58) = 12.742, P < .001; Psychosocial impact of diabetes, Mean: −0.21, SD: 0.41; t(58) = −3.854, P < .001; and Seriousness of type 2 diabetes, Mean: −039, SD: 0.44; t(58) = −6.780, P < .001, with lower scores six weeks later. Student scores increased on the JES and remained high ( P < .001). High subscale scores on the PQ demonstrated immersion and involvement in the virtual experience. Discussion: These modules can allow for a shared student experience that improves diabetes attitudes, increases empathy, and fosters meaningful classroom discussion. The cine-VR experience is flexible, and modules allow students to engage in aspects of a patient’s life that were not available otherwise.
Efficacy of Tribulus Terrestris for the treatment of premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder: a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is the most common sexual complaint, there is no consensus for the ideal treatment. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of treating premenopausal women with HSDD with Tribulus terrestris and its effect on the serum levels of testosterone. We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, with 40 premenopausal women reporting diminished libido, receiving T. terrestris or placebo. The questionnaires FSFI and the QS-F were used to evaluate sexual dysfunction before and after treatment. Patients treated with T. terrestris experienced improvement in total score of FSFI (p < .001) and domains "desire" (p < .001), "sexual arousal" (p = .005), "lubrication" (p = .001), "orgasm" (p <.001), "pain" (p = .030) and "satisfaction" (p = .001). Treatment with placebo did not improve the scores for the "lubrication" and "pain". QS-F scores showed that patients using T. terrestris had improvements in "desire" (p = .012), "sexual arousal/lubrication" (p = .002), "pain" (p = .031), "orgasm" (p = .004) and "satisfaction" (p = .001). Women treated with placebo did not score improvements. Women receiving T. terrestris had increased levels of free (p = .046) and bioavailable (p < .048) testosterone. T. terrestris might be a safe alternative for the treatment of premenopausal women with HSDD as it was effective in reducing the symptoms, probably due to an increase in the serum levels of free and bioavailable testosterone.
[Intracranial stenosis. Study and follow-up of 38 patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes mellitus was the most specific risk factor for IAS. IAS was multiple in 32% of patients and in extracranial stenosis from moderate to severe degree was found in 44.7% of the cases. Stroke secondary to IAS caused a low dependency level at discharge. Incidence rate of recurrent ischemic stroke was 15 % patients/ year.
Efficient Recovery of Lignocellulolytic Enzymes of Spent Mushroom Compost from Oyster Mushrooms, Pleurotus spp., and Potential Use in Dye Decolorization

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted in order to perform efficient extraction of lignocellulolytic enzymes amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4), laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), and xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) from spent mushroom compost (SMC) of Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, and P. cornucopiae. Optimal enzyme recovery was achieved when SMCs were extracted with 50 mM sodium citrate (pH 4.5) buffer at 4℃ for 2 hr. Amylase, cellulase, and xylanase activities showed high values in extracts from P. ostreatus SMC, with 2.97 U/g, 1.67 U/g, and 91.56 U/g, respectively, whereas laccase activity and filter paper degradation ability were highest in extracts from P. eryngii SMC, with values of 9.01 U/g and 0.21 U/g, respectively. Enzymatic activities varied according to the SMCs released from different mushroom farms. The synthetic dyes remazol brilliant blue R and Congo red were decolorized completely by the SMC extract of P. eryngii within 120 min, and the decolorization ability of the extract was comparable to that of 0.3 U of commercial laccase. In addition, laccase activity of the SMC extract from P. eryngii was compared to that of commercial enzymes or its industrial application in decolorization.