jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Developing an evidence-based approach for antimicrobial resistance reporting for British Columbia diagnostic animal health laboratory data.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data generated by diagnostic animal health laboratories are underutilized for AMR reporting in Canada. Data assessment, review of practices in other jurisdictions, and expert interviews were used to develop an evidence-guided plan to generate AMR reports from British Columbia Animal Health Centre (AHC) data that would provide transparent, timely, and useful information to public health practitioners, the food animal sector, and the general public. Using the Canadian Animal Health Surveillance Network (CAHSN) platform was the most efficient method of data retrieval. Project outputs included 2 publicly available reports. The public health report included AMR information for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella. The animal health report included AMR information for Aeromonas salmonicida and Yersinia ruckeri from Atlantic salmon, bacteria from bovine milk samples, and staphylococci from broiler chickens. A preliminary comparison was conducted between selected AHC data and publicly available Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) reports.
NITROGEN ASSIMILATION IN MYCORRHIZAS. I. PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE‐SPECIFIC GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE OF THE ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS CENOCOCCUM GRANIFORME

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‐specific glutamate dehydrogenase (L‐gluta‐mate: NADP + oxido‐reductase, ECI .4.1 .4) of the ectomycorrhizal Ascomycete Cenococcum graniforme was purified twofold to electrophoretic homogeneity. The native enzyme was shown to have a molecular weight of 320000 and to be composed of six identical subunits with a molecular weight of 48 000. The pH optimum for the animating reaction was 7.6 NADP‐GDH showed a negative co‐operativity with respect to ammonia ( K m1 :2mM, K m2 :8 mM). The K m values for α‐ketoglutarate and NADPH were 2 mM and 0.03 mM, respectively. The physical and kinetics properties of this enzyme are similar with those reported for NADP‐GDH of other fungi. Cross‐reactivity of a rabbit monospecific antiserum raised against the NADP‐GDH from Sphaerostilbe repens , a saprophytic Ascomycete, was tested against the enzyme of C. graniforme. The immunochemical homology of both enzymes are low suggesting that a substitution occurs in amino acid residue of the protein.
Lamb model in the study of immunity to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infections

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Three groups of ewes were vaccinated with formalin inactivated, whole cell, aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted bacterins prepared from capsulated enteropathogenic Escherichia coli ( eec ). Lambs born to and suckling these ewes, compared with lambs of nonvaccinated control ewes, were highly resistant to homologous eec challenge exposure. Lambs of ewes vaccinated with products prepared from K99 antigen-positive, noncapsulated E coli were highly resistant to heterologous eec challenge exposure. In both cases, lambs of vaccinated ewes had significantly ( P < 0.005) less morbidity and mortality, fewer challenge inoculum-type E coli per rectal swab evaluation, and had superior weight gains over a 4-day period. Immunoglobulin assay of 122 lamb sera (collected 12 hours after birth) failed to reveal any correlation between serum immunoglobulin values and morbidity or mortality. When tested by plate agglutination technique, using whole cell antigens, or by reverse radial immunodiffusion, using purified capsular antigens, colostral whey samples of vaccinated ewes did not have increased capsular antibody titers. The K99 serum antibody values of K99 antigen-vaccinated ewes were markedly higher than were those of ewes vaccinated with other bacterins or of control ewes.
Multi-Agent negotiation system in online auction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Online auction is becoming more and more popular in electronic commerce (EC). It has become the mainstream trading methods in consumer to consumer (C2C), such as eBay. The steady collaboration field and common concept of exchange may be formed in the cooperation of the Multi-Agent system(MAS), then the agents will have so much common knowledge in order to complete the tasks. The member of MAS has both cooperation and self-interest. Based on the analysis of the cooperation and competition of the participators in the online auction, the concept of overtime and history information is introduced. As existing incomplete information, the efficiency of the auction is low without consider the history information. This paper put forward a MAS flow frame and negotiation algorithms that make the bidders of the auction participate in the negotiation honestly and actively. Both the efficiency and transparency among the participators have been enhanced.
Influence of reinforcement type on the flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the results of comparative strength tests on reinforced concrete beams with two different types of reinforcement. The test beams had glass-fibre-reinforced-polymer reinforcing bars with transversal stirrups, while the control beams used conventional steel reinforcement. Both groups were prepared with appropriate geometric parameters and dimensions to enable meaningful comparison. The research was based on the standards, technical approvals, recommendations and strength data of manufacturers. A four-point bending strength test was performed after 28 d to determine the stiffness and bending load capacity of the beams. The class of concrete prepared on cubic cubes was also determined to confirm the design assumptions. The obtained measurements were used to assess the suitability of individual material combinations for practical applications.
Deep Learning-based Approximate Graph-Coloring Algorithm for Register Allocation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Graph-coloring is an NP-hard problem which has a myriad of applications. Register allocation, which is a crucial phase of a good optimizing compiler, relies on graph coloring. Hence, an efficient graph-coloring algorithm is of paramount importance. In this work we try to 'learn' a good heuristic for coloring interference graphs that are used in the register allocation phase. We aim to handle moderate-sized interference graphs which have 100 nodes or less. For such graphs we can get the optimal allocation of colors to the nodes. Such optimal coloring is then used to train our Deep Learning (DL) network which is based on several layers of LSTM that output a color for each node of the graph. However, the trained network may allocate the same color to the nodes connected by an edge resulting in an invalid coloring of the interference graph. Since it is difficult to encode constraints in an LSTM to avoid invalid coloring, we augment our deep learning network with a color correction phase that runs after the colors have been allocated by the DL network. Thus, our algorithm is approximate or hybrid in nature consisting of a mix of a DL algorithm followed by a more traditional correction phase. The color correction phase handles the edges with invalid coloring by first trying to reuse a color allocated to other nodes that are not connected to the invalid nodes, failing which it adds a totally new color - thereby breaking the invalid allocation. Our experience with many graphs shows that around 10%-30% edges may get an invalid coloring. We have trained our DL network using several thousand random graphs of varying sparsity(density). On application of our approximate algorithm to various popular graphs found in literature we see that our algorithm does very well when compared to the optimal coloring of these graphs. We have also run our algorithm against LLVM's popular greedy register allocator (GRA) for several SPEC CPU 2017 benchmarks and notice that the approximate algorithm performs on par or better than GRA for most of these benchmarks.
Traditional Chinese Herbal, “Dandelion” and Its Applications on Skin-Care

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) belongs to the Asteraceae or sunflower family. Its leaves, stems, and roots have been used in traditional Chinese herbal for a long time because dandelion has a wide range of pharmacological properties including anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infectious as well as anti-oxidation especially in the dandelion root extract which is the most medicinal value. A clinical study of dandelion extracts on skin acne and a simple preparation method of the dandelion extract would be discussed since the dandelion extract has low toxicity on the skin, even is non-toxic based on the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia recommendation.
INTERPRETATION OF THE INFRARED INTENSITIES OF METHYL HALIDES

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

$^{1}$J. W. Russell, C. D. Needham, and J. Overend, J. Chem. Phys. 45, 3383 (1966). $^{2}$(a) W. B. Person and J. H. Newton, J. Chem. Phys., to be published, 1974; (b) see also J. F. Biarge, J. Herranz, and J. Morcillo, Anales real Soc. espan. Fis. Y Quim. A57, 81 (1961).
Future Care Planning for patients approaching end-of-life with advanced heart disease: an interview study with patients, carers and healthcare professionals exploring the content, rationale and design of a randomised clinical trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the optimal content and design of a clinical trial of an end-of-life intervention for advanced heart disease with patients, carers and healthcare professionals. Design Qualitative interview and focus group study. Setting Community and hospital-based focus groups and interviews. Participants Stable community-dwelling patients, informal carers (PC, n=15) and primary and secondary care based healthcare professionals (HCP, n=11). Results PC highlighted fragmentation of services and difficulty in accessing specialist care as key barriers to good care. They felt that time for discussion with HCP was inadequate within current National Health Service (NHS) healthcare systems. HCP highlighted uncertainty of prognosis, explaining mortality risk to patients and switching from curative to palliative approaches as key challenges. Patient selection, nature of the intervention and relevance of trial outcomes were identified by HCP as key challenges in the design of a clinical trial. Conclusions PC and HCP expressed a number of concerns relevant to the nature and content of an end-of-life intervention for patients with advanced heart disease. The findings of this study are being used to support a phase II randomised clinical trial of Future Care Planning in advanced heart disease.
The Long-snout Freshwater GobyAwaous jayakari(Boulenger, 1888) (Teleostei: Gobiidae), an additional fish element for the Iranian waters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Members of the genus Awaous are found in fresh and brackish waters and have a circumtropical distribution from Africa to the Americas, with most species being found in the Indo-West Pacific region. Based on the detailed morphology and osteology of a specimen collected in southeastern Iran and comparison with type specimens, the Iranian population of snout goby is taxonomically assigned to Awaous jayakari. This is an additional genus and species for the fish fauna of Iran. A key for the inland and coastal gobies of Iran is provided.
Activation of human CDC2 protein as a histone H1 kinase is associated with complex formation with the p62 subunit.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

p34 kinase, the product of the CDC2 gene, is a cell-cycle regulated protein kinase that is most active during mitosis. In HeLa cells, p34 kinase has previously been shown to exist in both a low- and a high-molecular-mass form, the latter of which is only found in cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and contains a 62-kDa subunit. Here we show that although each form of the kinase phosphorylates casein in vitro, only the high-molecular-mass form uses histone H1 as substrate. The high-molecular-mass form of p34 kinase from nocodazole-treated HeLa cells was purified 6700-fold. The apparent molecular mass of the mitotic CDC2-encoded protein kinase complex was 220 kDa. The purified enzyme phosphorylated not only its endogenous 62-kDa subunit but also phosphorylated histone H1 with a Km of 3 microM and used ATP 40 times more efficiently than GTP (Km 54 microM and 2 mM, respectively). The enzyme activity was unaffected by cAMP, calcium/calmodulin, or by the heat-stable inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These characteristics are typical of growth-associated histone H1 kinase from different organisms. These results suggest that CDC2 protein may be activated as an M-phase-specific protein kinase in part by its association with the p62 subunit.
Learning compact recurrent neural networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs), including long short-term memory (LSTM) RNNs, have produced state-of-the-art results on a variety of speech recognition tasks. However, these models are often too large in size for deployment on mobile devices with memory and latency constraints. In this work, we study mechanisms for learning compact RNNs and LSTMs via low-rank factorizations and parameter sharing schemes. Our goal is to investigate redundancies in recurrent architectures where compression can be admitted without losing performance. A hybrid strategy of using structured matrices in the bottom layers and shared low-rank factors on the top layers is found to be particularly effective, reducing the parameters of a standard LSTM by 75%, at a small cost of 0.3% increase in WER, on a 2,000-hr English Voice Search task.
Migration and the economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Economic reasons are among the basic explanatory factors of migration, whether international or internally within a country. In turn, migratory movements have effects on the economy in terms of economic growth in general, but also in the different markets (work, housing, consumer goods, etc.) and public services (education, health, social services, etc.). The purpose of this document is to offer an overview of these interactions between migration and the economy in the case of the Canary Islands. To do this, certain conceptual clarifications will be made initially involving the mutual determination of both processes, before later providing specifics with evidence on the Canarian case for the main issues considered: the economic reasons for migration, and its impact on economic growth, the labour market and the living conditions of the immigrant population. The final section alludes to the importance of the institutional framework that regulates these relations between migration and the economy, which are far from being interpretable as a mechanical relationship and isolated from the political sphere.
Primary Education in Developing Countries and Teacher's Educational Role, Training and Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this essay is to explore and understand a meaningful module of primary education that can be prosperous for the entire human being worldwide. The analysis of its pros and cons, which has been discussed here and thus, has tried to focus on a true module of education, and its modern attitude that can be set up on the base of gender and community’s equality, equity, communal peace, and by forgetting differences among people. From adult education, child education, women education to newly curriculum skills development of both children and teachers, development of pedagogy skills, it depends based on primary educational role and teacher training. It builds a true global village by the establishment of meaningful primary education for the wellbeing of humankind. An initiative of Primary Education in Developing Countries is a series of articles under International development. It is also the purpose of focusing on child development from their beginning through primary education and teacher's development through appropriate training, such as teacher's professional development, workshops etc. The outcome of the article is aware of human development through education through training and development. The methodology of this article is through books, academic journals, making drafts, then its final draft through the understanding of sources. Feature question is; what do we finally achieve from our efforts for the launching of a flexible and successful primary educational module worldwide for children, women and adults?
Are modal verbs adverbs?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Morphologically, a modal verb is nothing more than a verb since it carries time, mood and person. However, from a functionalist perspective, we observe that the content of a modal verb, like that of an adverb, affects the relation of predication. This behavior is clearly not that of a verb, but rather that of an adverb. This somewhat iconoclastic view is made possible by the functionalist model, as well as by Tesnière’s concept of transfer (translation), which posits that words cannot be reduced to morphological entities. Moreover, this conception echoes an intuition of G. Guillaume, who defines the adverb as an incidence to an incidence.
Drought-tolerant plant growth promotingBacillusspp.: effect on growth, osmolytes, and antioxidant status of maize under drought stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In present study Bacillus spp. screened for drought tolerance could tolerate minimal water potential (-0.73 MPa) were evaluated for plant growth promoting properties at –0.73 MPa. Drought stress affected growth of isolates as indicated by increased intracellular free amino acids, proline, total soluble sugars, and exopolysaccharides. Drought-tolerant Bacillus spp. HYD-B17, HYTAPB18, HYDGRFB19, BKB30, RMPB44 identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Paenibacillus favisporus, Bacillus subtilis based on 16S rDNA gene sequence were used to study the effect of inoculation on growth, osmolytes, antioxidant status. Inoculation increased plant biomass, relative water content, leaf water potential, root adhering soil/root tissue ratio, aggregate stability, decreasing leaf water loss. Bacillus spp. effect on osmoregulation increased proline, sugars, free amino acids and decreased electrolyte leakage. Inoculation reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase. As a result, Bacillus spp. inoculated maize seedlings showed physiological response that could alleviate drought stress negative effects.
Desire and Debt Satisfaction in Anselm of Canterbury and Hadewijch of Brabant

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract “Satisfaction” is the famous epithet given to Anselm's atonement theory. Less well appreciated even in modern retrievals of Hadewijch's work is the centrality of “satisfaction” as a concept for her, being just as technical but more theologically extensive in her writing than it is in Anselm's. Despite cultural similarities, the meaning of satisfaction in their respective works differs. This article argues that the difference between the concepts of satisfaction in Anselm's Cur Deus Homo and Hadewijch's Brieven depends on the difference between the meaning of the “debt” that the satisfying act satisfies. Anselm's “satisfaction” ( satisfactio ) responds to the debt created by sin, while Hadewijch's “satisfaction” ( ghenoeghen ) responds to the debt created by love's demand—a debt not only, or even primarily, of the beloved to the lover, but of the lover to the beloved. Departing from depictions of debt in both medieval and modern theology, Hadewijch presents indebtedness per se not as a point of contrast between human beings and God. Instead, she suggests that atonement recreates human understanding to perceive the original meaning of debt, which is the debt of love that the divine persons “eternally demand and eternally render” from and for each other.
Pancreaticoduodenal arterial arcades: Their dominance and variations—their potential clinical relevance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The complex arterial system makes pancreatic interventions technically challenging for surgeons, and interventional radiologists. The arterial variants may alter tumor resecability, and cause complications in arterial embolization. International data on pancreatic blood supply are variable; therefore, we aimed to determine the frequency of variants of pancreaticoduodenal (PD) arterial arcades. Arteries of human abdominal organ complexes (50) were injected with resin mixture, and then corroded. CT scans and three‐dimensional reconstructions were made; diameters of arcades were measured. Two PD arcades were found in 58%, three arcades in 30%, one arcade in three cases, four arcade in one specimen, and five arcades in two cases. In the casts with two arches the average diameter was 1.472 ± 0.432 mm on the anterior and 1.383 ± 0.343 mm on the posterior arch. Assessing the dominance of the PD arcades, the anterior arch proved to be dominant in 52% of the cases, and in 35% the posterior one by the criterion of 25% cross‐section difference. It is advised to analyze the variations and dominance on a CT/MR‐angiography before local chemotherapy. Furthermore, to reveal the arterial variations, a preoperative CT/MR‐angiography would provide faster recuperation and better postoperative life quality. Clin. Anat. 31:544–550, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding Method Variance in Multitrait-Multirater Performance Appraisal Matrices: Examples Using General Impressions and Interpersonal Affect as Measured Method Factors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

As multirater performance assessment becomes more common, it becomes more important to understand the unique perspectives (and unique rating variance) of different raters. In this article, an approach for investigating the causes (e.g., general impressions and interpersonal affect) of rater-specific method variance in Multitrait-Multirater (MTMR) performance appraisal matrices is described and demon- strated. The approach is a combination of confirmatory factor analysis and the use of measured method factors. Results of demonstrations with 2 previously published MTMR datasets (Holzbach, 1978; Tucker, Cline, & Schmitt, 1967) suggest that both general impressions and interpersonal affect account for significant method variance.
Biodegradability of oxygen-plasma treated cellulose textile functionalized with ZnO nanoparticles as antibacterial treatment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Samples of bleached cellulose fabric were treated with weakly ionized highly dissociated oxygen plasma in order to improve the binding of ZnO nanoparticles, antibacterial properties and biodegradability. Low specific discharge power of about 24 W l−1 was applied in order to minimize thermal effects following plasma treatment. Optical emission spectroscopy revealed weak etching of the fabric while x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed formation of oxygen-rich functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an improved uptake of ZnO nanoparticles and the standard transfer method highlighted excellent antimicrobial effects for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The biodegradability of all samples was determined using the standard ISO test and revealed excellent results for plasma-treated samples even in cases when they were functionalized using ZnO nanoparticles.