jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact of ozonation in removing organic micro-pollutants in primary and secondary municipal wastewater: effect of process parameters

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The study investigates the influence of process parameters on the effectiveness of ozonation in the removal of organic micro-pollutants from wastewater. Primary and secondary municipal wastewater containing phenol was treated. The effect of operating parameters such as initial pH, ozone dosage, and initial contaminant concentration was studied. An increase in contaminant decomposition with pH (3–11) was observed. The contaminant removal efficiencies increased with an increase in ozone dose rate (5.5–36.17 mg L−1 min−1). Furthermore, the ultraviolet absorbance (UV 254 nm) of the wastewater decreased during ozonation indicating the breakdown of complex organic compounds into low molecular weight organics. Along the reaction, the pH of wastewater decreased from 11 to around 8.5 due to the formation of intermediate acidic species. Moreover, the biodegradability of wastewaters, measured as biological and chemical oxygen demand (BOD5/COD), increased from 0.22 to 0.53. High ozone utilization efficiencies of up to 95% were attained thereby increasing the process efficiency; and they were dependent on the ozone dosage and pH of solution. Ozonation of secondary wastewater attained the South African water standards in terms of COD required for wastewater discharge and dissolved organic carbon in drinking water and increased significantly the biodegradability of primary wastewater.
Nonaccidental Trauma and Medical Folk Belief: A Case of Cupping

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Systems of medical folk belief exist today in the many diverse cultures represented in the United States.1 These beliefs and the remedies used in the traditional medical care system may be of clinical significance when families seek care from scientific health care systems. Recent reports have described the adverse effects of the administration of specific folk remedies to children. The Vietnamese practice of cao gio, coin rubbing over the skin of the back which has been oiled and massaged, was tried as a remedy for fever and chills.2 In the Mexican-American community, mollera caida, literally, "fallen fontanel," is the belief that the symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy are due to a downward displacement of the fontanel.
Growth and nutrients accumulation potentials of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) in different habitats in Egypt

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Arundo donax L. has a high biomass production and a tendency toward community dominance in many habitats and thereby a tolerance to a wide range of environmental conditions. Therefore, the present study investigated the potentiality of A. donax to accumulate nutrients and trace metals in its biomass. Six main habitats (Nile Bank, Drain Bank, Canal Bank, Field Edges, Railways and Roadsides) were recognized. At each habitat, six quadrats (each 1 m(2)), distributed equally in two sites, were selected for growth measurements (e.g., density, shoot height, diameter, leaf area and biomass), plant and soil analyses. Plants from Nile, Canal and Drain Banks had the highest values of most growth measurements, while those from Railways and Roadsides had the lowest. Canal Bank plants accumulated the highest concentrations of P, Cu and Pb in their leaves; Zn in the stem; and Mg, Cd and Fe in the rhizome. The bioaccumulation factor (BF) of A. donax, for Cd, Fe, Mn and Zn, was greater than 1, while the translocation factor (TF) of most trace metals was less than unity in most habitats. In conclusion, A. donax showed morphological plasticity in response to habitat heterogeneity, and its growth was most vigorous in the riparian habitats. The high BF, as well as the significant positive correlations between trace metals, especially Cd, in soil and plant, renders A. donax a powerful phytoremediator.
Wpływ inflacji na inwestycje w kapitał rzeczowy w krajach Unii Europejskiej

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Inflation can produce a number of negative effects. These primarily include slower economic growth and decreased investment. The article examines the influence of inflation on real capital investments. The author ventures a hypothesis about a negative effect of inflation on investment. The main theoretical arguments in favor of such a hypothesis are the uncertainty provoked by inflation and the increased costs of business activity. The first part of the article reviews theories that describe the influence of inflation on investment. Part two presents the theoretical assumptions of the model. The last part is a presentation and discussion of the results of the empirical studies conducted. The constructed model scrutinizes the rate of investment in real capital in 15 European Union countries in 1972-2001. The Error Correction Model (ECM), fit for statistical purposes, makes it possible to demonstrate both long- and short-term effects. The conclusion is that the influence of inflation on investment is negative and long-term in nature. In the short term, inflation does not affect investment. As expected, the rate of GDP growth has a positive influence on the rate of investment. Moreover, due to reasons not considered in the model—such as the state of infrastructure, the quality and stability of law and the availability of other factors of production—the rate of investment varied considerably from one country to another. Overall, inflation has a strong influence on investment, providing a serious argument in favor of keeping price growth at a low level.
Only full access to trial data will show signs of ghostwriting, meeting hears

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinical trial registration alone provides only limited methodological information of variable quality and is inadequate to show the scale of drug company involvement in research studies, a conference has heard.

An Wen Chan, a clinician, systematic reviewer, and scientist with the Women’s College Research Institute in Toronto, told a workshop on the ethics of ghost authorship at the University of Toronto on 4 May that access to full trial protocols is a vital first step towards greater transparency.

Problems associated with the ghost authorship of biomedical research studies range from “deeply disconcerting to shattering,” said Ross Upshur, director of the University of Toronto’s Joint Centre for Bioethics.

Ghost authorship of articles that overestimate the efficacy and underestimate the safety concerns …
Diptera Muscomorpha

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Some species of dipterous included in the infraorder Muscomorpha are of fundamental medical and veterinary importance, since they can produce myiasis and act towards transmission of pathogens to humans and animals. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the importance of techniques for collecting and breeding Diptera Muscomorpha (flies) in the laboratory. The adults collected in the field were placed in a freezer for a period of 2 minutes, to be anesthetized by the cold facilitating the separation. After separation, the adults were transferred to a cage (30 cm long x 15 cm wide x 15 cm high) containing water-soaked gauze, a mixture of milk powder, brewer's yeast and sugar to feed them. For oviposition of adult females, minced meat (baits) was provided. This content with eggs and larvae was transferred to plastic cups containing fermented food for pupae development of larvae. The cups were later transferred to the adult cages for emergence. The fermented feed used as oviposition medium was the most attractive for females in the laboratory, but also maintained adequate humidity and temperature for egg development. The mixture of powdered milk, sugar and brewer's yeast was ideal for adult food. This substrate increased adult longevity and average egg productivity per female.
The Danger of Laser Pointer–Induced Retinal Damage in Children: A Large United Kingdom Case Series and Survey of Public Awareness

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To explore the clinical features of laser pointer–related retinal injuries among children and gain insight into the general public awareness around laser pointer use. Methods: This was a retrospective case series of 9 children (12 eyes) with laser pointer–related retinal injury from a United Kingdom tertiary ophthalmology unit and a prospective survey of laser pointer use and awareness among children and parents presenting to the hospital eye service for other eye conditions. Results: Within the case series, 67% of patients were asymptomatic on presentation. A mean follow-up of 25.6 months showed that structural changes persisted in all cases, and in one case, there was progression in the macular lesion size. One case presented with secondary choroidal neovascular membrane, requiring intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. A survey showed that 9% of children admitted to having played with laser pointers and 13% of parents were aware of their children playing with laser pointers. Only one-third of children and parents were aware of laws regulating laser pointers. Most parents (96%) agreed that there needs to be increased awareness regarding laser pointers' effect on vision. Conclusions: This study has highlighted that although children may be asymptomatic at presentation, there is usually permanent structural damage to the macula, and complications such as secondary choroidal neovascular membrane can develop years later. The survey found a relatively high incidence of laser pointer use with little awareness of the regulation laws. There is an urgent need to establish more robust measures to improve public awareness and regulations around laser pointers. [ J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 2023;60(1):52–59.]
Renin-Angiotensin System and Cardiac Rupture After Myocardial Infarction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

f all the mechanical complications after acute myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac rupture remains the most devastating, dramatic, and deadly.Continued improvements in the care of patients with acute MI have decreased the incidence of cardiac rupture over the past decade to under 3% in patients receiving reperfusion therapy, 1 although autopsy evaluation of patients who died suddenly with acute MI has suggested a higher incidence. 2,3ithout extremely prompt surgical intervention, patients with cardiac rupture rarely survive.
Broadband metasurface Luneburg lens antenna based on glide-symmetric bed of nails

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A broadband metasurface Luneburg lens based on glide-symmetric bed of nails is designed. First, the Luneburg lens was re-shaped using quasi-conformal transformation optics. With this technique, the original circular focal curve of the lens is changed to a straight line. Afterwards, the refractive index distribution of the optically transformed lens is realized by changing the height of the pins in a bed of nails configuration. The complete Luneburg lens is simulated in CST Microwave Studio and the results demonstrate that the lens has 8-16 GHz bandwidth.
Erasing Cultures, Resisting Erasure: A Comparative Analysis of Cultural Genocide Patterns of Persecution and Resistance in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and 20th Century Genocides

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis explores the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) methods of cultural genocide and corresponding Uyghur resistance in contemporary Xinjiang. Since before the CCP's rise to power in 1949, Uyghurs, a Turkic ethnic minority and the largest non-Han group in Xinjiang, have faced marginalization. The analysis is two-fold. First, I focus on the CCP’s destruction of three primary aspects of Uyghur culture: language, religion, and tangible heritage sites. Here, I compare the CCP’s methods to those occurring in three historical genocides: Native Americans in the United States, the Armenian Genocide, and the Holocaust. Through these comparisons, I highlight parallels of cultural destruction. Second, I compare Uyghur resistance with resistance movements during these three historical genocides. These parallels show universal techniques of survival and defiance under oppressive regimes and place the Uyghur experience within a larger historical and political framework. The comparison of resistances serves as additional evidence for the claim that the CCP’s policies towards Uyghur language, religion, and tangible heritage sites are systematically eliminating Uyghur culture and identity in the region.
Weed Competition in Rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.], duck-salad [ Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Willd.], hemp sesbania [ Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory], and northern jointvetch [ Aeschynomene virginica (L.) B.S.P.] significantly reduced rice [ Oryza sativa L.] yields. Damage to rice increased as populations of barnyardgrass, hemp sesbania, and northern jointvetch increased. Barnyardgrass and duck-salad lowered yields during early season, but hemp sesbania and northern jointvetch decreased yields in late season.
Cardiopatía, embarazo y tratamiento anticoagulante

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state. Some women with cardiac disease and mechanical valve prosthesis are at increased risk of arterial thromboembolic phenomena. These women are maintained on oral anticoagulants and require effective permanent prophylaxis during pregnancy. The use of oral anticoagulants during pregnancy is controversial because of the risks of embriopathy (Chondrodysplasia punctata) in fetuses who are exposed to coumarin between the 6th and 9th week of gestation, the risk of neurological disorders all through pregnancy, and a higher incidence of abortion and stillbirths. The exact incidence of these complications is unknown. Most of this information comes from North American reports, when much higher mean daily doses of coumarin were administered, and they were probably overemphasised2. Reports from Europe, Asia and our own, show that both embriopathy and central nervous system malformations are probably dose-related and that the risks of abnormality to the fetus are small3-8. The ACC Antithrombotic Consensus (1998) recommends the use of subcutaneous heparin all through pregnancy or until the 13th week of gestation. Heparin does not cross the placenta, however there is a higher risk of maternal bleeding, abortion and stillbirths. With the use of small dose of heparin and of therapeutic heparin doses there is a risk of prosthesis thrombosis. Anticoagulant treatment of patients with prosthetic heart valves during pregnancy remains controversial. Subcutaneous heparin prophylaxis is feasible but the use of well controlled oral anticoagulants appear to offer lower risks of maternal and fetal complications.
Production and Consumption of Homegrown Produce and Fish by Noncommercial Aquaponics Gardeners

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aquaponics is the integration of hydroponics and aquaculture into a single food production system. The aims of this paper are to describe production practices and costs among noncommercial aquaponics gardeners, and identify factors related to homegrown food consumption using a survey. The sample size was 399 respondents from 24 countries. The median aquaponics system was 350 gallons (1,325 liters) in volume, 100 square feet (9 square meters) in size, and cost respondents US$500 to US$999 annually. Respondents consumed homegrown aquaponics plants far more often than they consumed fish. The primary factors that affected weekly homegrown plant consumption were location in warm climates, which allows for a longer growing season and likely lower input costs; an interest in improving diet; size of aquaponics garden; and years of experience. Respondents with high school or less education consumed homegrown fish and crops more often than those with college or graduate education, indicating that aquaponics may contribute to community food security at the household level for these individuals. Noncommercial aquaponics gardens have significantly higher yearly costs compared to soil-based gardens, so the participants who are attracted to aquaponics (typically middle-aged men with high levels of education) may not be food insecure, which weakens the case for aquaponics as a means of improving food security. Based on our findings, further research on this topic and other work to expand aquaponics to improve community food security should focus on low-cost yet productive aquaponics systems in warm climate regions and among more diverse populations.
Primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis in two sisters.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis in two sistersWe report the cases of two elderly sisters, one with primary biliary cirrhosis and the other with chronic active hepatitis, with concurrent myxoedema.Screening of 23 relatives showed 14 to have serum autoantibodies. Case reportsCase 1-A 72-year-old obese woman presented in March 1974 with vertigo.She had a sallow complexion and looked myxoedematous but did not have a goitre.Ankle oedema was present but there was no ascites.A firm tender liver was palpable 4 cm below the costal margin.The spleen was not palpable.Plasma alkaline phosphatase was 205 IU/l but the results of other liver function test were normal.Thyroid function tests indicated hypothyroidism.
Analysis of Monthly Recorded Climate Extreme Events and Their Implications on the Spanish Mediterranean Coast

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to climate change, hydroclimatic extremes are becoming more frequent and intense and their characterization and analysis is essential for climate modelling. One of the regions that will be most affected by these extremes is the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Therefore, this paper analyses the significant wave height (Hs), peak wave period (Tp) and sea level (SL) extremes and their correlation along the Spanish Mediterranean coast. After conducting this analysis, it is finally concluded that and adjustment of the extreme long-term distribution of Tp is urgently needed to create accurate models and projections, which must be considered in combination with the intense extremes happening in the Levantine basin when modelling this area and designing new projects.
A novel tool for the generation of conditional knockouts to study gene function across the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Plasmodium falciparum has a complex life cycle that involves interaction with multiple tissues inside the human and mosquito hosts. Identification of essential genes at all different stages of the P. falciparum life cycle is urgently required for clinical development of tools for malaria control and eradication. However, the study of P. falciparum is limited by the inability to genetically modify the parasite throughout its life cycle with the currently available genetic tools. Here, we describe the detailed characterization of a new marker-free P. falciparum parasite line that expresses rapamycin-inducible Cre recombinase across the full life cycle. Using this parasite line, we were able to conditionally delete the essential invasion ligand AMA1 in three different developmental stages for the first time. We further confirm efficient gene deletion by targeting the nonessential kinase FIKK7.1.IMPORTANCE One of the major limitations in studying P. falciparum is that so far only asexual stages are amenable to rapid conditional genetic modification. The most promising drug targets and vaccine candidates, however, have been refractory to genetic modification because they are essential during the blood stage or for transmission in the mosquito vector. This leaves a major gap in our understanding of parasite proteins in most life cycle stages and hinders genetic validation of drug and vaccine targets. Here, we describe a method that supports conditional gene deletion across the P. falciparum life cycle for the first time. We demonstrate its potential by deleting essential and nonessential genes at different parasite stages, which opens up completely new avenues for the study of malaria and drug development. It may also allow the realization of novel vaccination strategies using attenuated parasites.
Mitigation of sensor and communication system impairments for multichannel image fusion and classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The impairments produced in image sensors and communication channels degrade image quality and introduce significant errors in the results of data fusion. To improve image fusion results in the presence of different types of impairments we propose a two-stage approach. New multistage nonlinear locally-adaptive image processing algorithms are developed and applied at the first stage to mitigate image impairments such as geometric distortions due to communication system synchronization errors, narrowband frequency interferences and sensor noise. Image fusion and classification algorithms based on artificial neural networks and support vector machines are used at the second stage. Experimental results are presented for real satellite remote sensing images and simulated data providing quantitative assessment of the proposed algorithms
Low-temperature highly selective Kolbe electrolysis of acetic acid in bio-oil on a stable in situ grown RuO2/TiO2 at industrial-level current

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Tackling the chemically-resilient acetic acid issue in real bio-oil via Kolbe electrolysis by developing a robust in situ grown RuO 2 /TiO 2 -anode.
Total polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activities in mulberry(Morus alba) leaves and fruit at different maturities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

【Objective】 Mulberry is widely distributed in China. In additional to its usage as forage plant for silkworms, it is also used as a herbal medicine. 【Method】 This study investigated the total polyphenols and total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities in the extracts from mulberry fruits and leaves at different development stages. 【Result】 The highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were found in the mature leaves followed in descending order by the premature leaves, black colored fruit, and red colored fruit.. The antioxidant capacities of the extracts determined by 2,2-Diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP), and superoxide anion scavenging ability(SRSA) methods followed a descending order of black colored fruit red colored fruit premature leaves mature leaves,while The order of the antioxidant activity determined by 2,2 ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid(ABTS)method was mature leaves premature leaves black colored fruit red colored fruit. The results indicated that anthocyanins in the extracts might be the main contributor to DPPH scavenging capacity,FRAP, and superoxide anion scavenging capacity, while the ABTS scavenging potential was correlated with the polyphenol and flavonoid content and composition. 【Conclusion】 In general, mulberry leaves and fruit, especially fully mature fruit, are good sources of natural antioxidants.