jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development and pilot of brief surveys to evaluate the quality of coordinated, patient-centered cancer care.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

e18197 Background: Stanford Cancer Center is undertaking a Transformation Initiative with the over-arching goal of providing quality, patient-centered, coordinated care across the patient care continuum. A key goal is to remove the burden of coordinating care from the patient and place it on the Cancer Center. Here we describe the development and pilot testing of patient surveys used to assess change in patient experience over time. Methods: Domains and corresponding questions of patient-centered quality care were informed by the existing literature and existing tools available online, with a focus on domains relevant to cancer patients. Questions were modified as needed from validated or semi-validated instruments to have a consistent 4 or 5-category Likert response scale, put into four unique short instruments that included at most ten questions each and piloted in cancer clinic waiting rooms. Input from patients was sought to assess: 1) relevance and clarity of questions; 2) whether important concepts were missing; 3) acceptability for patients regarding the place and timing of the surveys and; 4) estimate top box scores. Internal consistency of the final question sets for each domain was examined using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Patient feedback from the pilot was positive with respect to: ease and time in completing the instruments; relevance and clarity of questions; and appropriateness of time and place. Modifications to questions were made based on top box scores including creating a common 5-point Likert scale for all questions and excluding those with a top box score higher than 80%. An open comment field was also added which complements the quantitative responses. The Cronbach’s alpha for all domains was ≥ 0.80 expect for the access domain which was 0.51. The final four instruments have 7-8 questions each and take only a few minutes for patients to complete. Conclusions: The short surveys developed have been successfully implemented in the Stanford cancer clinics for about one year and continue to be acceptable and relevant to patients. Other cancer centers and their patients may benefit from similar short surveys.
One-Class Classification and Cluster Ensembles for Anomaly Detection and Diagnosis in Multivariate Time Series Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Real-world automated systems such as building automation, power plants, and more have benefited from data-driven learning methodologies for anomaly detection and diagnosis. Typically, these methodologies heavily rely on prior knowledge related to abnormal operations, i.e., data points labeled as anomalies. However, in practice, such labelled data points are often unavailable which poses challenges in effective anomaly detection, particularly in diagnosis. In this paper, we propose One-class Classification Cluster ENsembles (OCCEN) anomaly detection and diagnosis approach for multivariate time series data. OCCEN utilizes one-class classification learning methods for anomaly detection followed by the decomposition of anomalies into multiple clusters. Then each cluster is treated as a binary classification problem and classifiers are trained to learn cluster representations. These trained models in combination with explainable AI models are used to generate a ranked list of diagnoses, i.e., features. Finally, we re-rank those features to account for temporal dependencies through the dynamic time-warping technique. The practical evaluation of OCCEN for air handling units (AHU) demonstrates its effectiveness in identifying faults. The framework consistently outperforms the baseline in fault diagnosis, as higher scores are observed for detection and diagnostic evaluation metrics, including F1 score, intersection over union, HitRate@k, and RootCause@k.
Numerical investigation of nanoscale electromechanical response in a ferroelectric perovskite through an atomistic field theory

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

An atomistic field theory was introduced to study the electromechanical response in a ferroelectric perovskite at nanoscale. Based on a shell model potential, the polarization switching process of a ferroelectric perovskite PbTiO3 under electric field and mechanical loading was investigated. The simulation results showed that external electric field applied opposite to the initial polarization direction could result in 180° polarization switching in PbTiO3 nanostructures as the external electric field increased. On the other hand, mechanical loading applied parallel to initial polarization could cause 90° nanoscale polarization rotation in PbTiO3. Ultimately, the simulation results indicated that the coupled loads of electric field and mechanical loading would influence the polarization switching in PbTiO3 nanostructures.
Multi-frequency and multi-functional optical switch based on dual plasmon-induced transparency

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Research into multi-frequency and multi-functional optical switches for complex applications is pioneering territory. By employing a single-layer structure comprising three distinct graphene strips, we successfully created a dual-PIT effect through the destructive interference among two bright modes and a dark mode. The numerical simulations were corroborated by coupled mode theory, reflecting a high degree of consistency between the theory and the simulations. Remarkably, the modulation of the Fermi level in graphene metamaterials through gate voltage enabled the realization of asynchronous optical switches capable of operating at six, five, four, and three frequencies. Notably, the six-frequency switch exhibited an impressive modulation depth of 88.54% and an insertion loss of just 0.15 dB, highlighting its superior performance. This study lays a solid foundation for future multi-frequency and multi-functional optical switch designs, offering significant implications and practical applications.
Unique continuation results for abstract quasi-linear evolution equations in Banach spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Unique continuation properties for a class of evolution equations defined on Banach spaces are considered from two different point of views: the first one is based on the existence of conserved quantities, which very often translates into the conservation of some norm of the solutions of the system in a suitable Banach space. The second one is regarded to well-posed problems. Our results are then applied to some equations, most of them describing physical processes like wave propagation, hydrodynamics, and integrable systems, such as the $b-$; Fornberg-Whitham; potential and $\pi-$Camassa-Holm; generalised Boussinesq equations; and the modified Euler-Poisson system.
CULTURE OF HYBRID RED TILAPIA (Oreochromis mossambicus x Oreochromis niloticus) IN MARINE CAGES: EFFECTS OF STOCKING DENSITY ON SURVIVAL AND GROWTH

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hybrid red tilapia (mean weight 1.25 g) were stocked at densities of 200, 300 and 400 fish m-3 in replicated cages (1-m-3), adapted to 30 ‰ salinity, and cultured for 126 days at the Rio Catamayo farm in Ecuador to investigate the appropriate stocking density. Caged tilapia were fed three times a day with commercial floating pellets containing 46%, 32%, 28 % and 24 % crude protein during the first, second, third and fourth month, respectively. Water temperatures ranged from 26.5 to 28.4 °C in the cages. Mean survival ranged from 94.3 % to 98.5%. Stocking densities of caged tilapia had no significant (P&gt;0.05) effects on the survival, growth, food conversion ratio and profitability. The production rates achieved were 41.99, 57.29, and 78.98 kg m-3 in cages stocked with 200, 300, and 400 fish m-3, respectively. The results of this study suggest that cages at high densities can be a good strategy, considering low FCR, good growth and high economic return.
Effect of vitamin B 12 and folic acid deficiency on small intestinal absorption

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Three patients are described, and they provide further evidence that deficiency of folic acid and vitamin B 12 may sometimes affect small intestinal function. Malabsorption of both xylose and vitamin B 12 returned to normal in one patient after treatment of a megaloblastic anaemia due to dietary deficiency of folic acid. Impaired absorption of vitamin B 12 was corrected by vitamin B 12 therapy in the other two patients. The initial cause of the vitamin B 12 deficiency in one patient was not apparent, but she was taking Gynovlar 21, which may have been an aetiological factor. In the third patient the small intestinal defect was secondary to pernicious anaemia, and in a group of 98 other patients with pernicious anaemia intrinsic factor did not improve vitamin B 12 absorption in six, and only partially corrected absorption in 30. The significance of these observations is discussed.
Interaction between intracortical inhibition and facilitation in human motor cortex.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. In seven normal subjects, subthreshold transcranial magnetic conditioning stimuli (using a figure‐of‐eight coil) were applied over the motor cortex in order to evoke activity in intracortical neuronal circuits. The net effect on cortical excitability was evaluated by measuring the effect on the size of EMG responses elicited in the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle by a subsequent suprathreshold test stimulus. 2. A single conditioning stimulus suppressed the size of the test response at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 1‐4 ms whereas the response was facilitated at ISIs of 6‐20 ms. The facilitation could be augmented if pairs of conditioning stimuli were given. 3. Inhibition and facilitation appeared to have separate mechanisms. The threshold for inhibition (0.7 active motor threshold) was slightly lower than that for facilitation (0.8 active threshold). Similarly, the inhibitory effect was independent of the direction of current flow induced in the cortex by the conditioning shock, whereas facilitation was maximal with posterior‐anterior currents and minimal with lateromedial current. 4. Direct corticospinal effects were probably not responsible for the results since facilitation of cortical test responses could be produced by conditioning stimuli which had no effect on the amplitude of H reflexes elicited in active ADM muscle. 5. Inhibition and facilitation appeared to interact in a roughly linear manner, consistent with separate inputs to a common neurone. 6. We suggest that subthreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation is capable of activating separate populations of excitatory and inhibitory interneurones in the motor cortex.
Paradigm Shift in the Etiology of Encephalopathy in Children from Infectious to Non-infectious Causes – A Single-Center Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Among children admitted with acute non-traumatic encephalopathies, non-infectious etiologies are emerging as important causes. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical features, etiologies, and outcome of children presenting with acute non traumatic encephalopathies. Material and Methods This was a hospital-based descriptive study. Children aged 1 month to 18 years admitted during the period from 2019 to 2023 with altered sensorium for >12 hours were included in the study. Data on clinical, laboratory findings, management, diagnosis, outcomes at discharge, and follow-up were retrieved from the case records of children selected based on preset criteria. Children with a history of trauma and seizure disorder/epileptic encephalopathy were excluded from the study. Data was analyzed and projected as descriptive statistics and comparison of groups done with tests of significance, as applicable. Results Seventy children were included in the study. Immune etiologies contributed to 20 (28.58%) cases and central nervous system infections for 16 (22.86%) cases. Seventy (100%) children had altered sensorium, 51 (72.8%) children had fever and 46 children (65.7%) children had seizures. Two (2.8%) children expired (one in each of tuberculous meningitis and autoimmune encephalitis). Among those who survived, 2 (2.9%) children had moderately severe disability, 8 (11.7%) had slight disability and 7 (10.2%) were symptomatic but without significant disability at discharge. On follow-up, the majority of patients had a Gross Motor Function Classification/Manual Ability Classification System score of 1 and a favorable epilepsy score on the Early Childhood Epilepsy Severity Scale. The average social quotient was found to be 95.60. Conclusion Autoimmune encephalitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis are emerging as important causes of acute non-traumatic encephalopathies. Awareness among health care providers will help in early diagnosis, management, and better outcomes in such children.
Report on industrial attachment in PowerSeraya Ltd

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This report describes the knowledge and experience gained during the Industrial Attachment (IA) programme. In this program, I was attached to Pulau Seraya Power Station for 22 weeks. Throughout this period, I went to different departments to learn about the different power generating plants and auxiliary systems and took on projects in the respective departments. An example of the project done was pump overhaul. To ensure that the plant is able to run continuously and reliably, regular maintenance has to be done on the equipments. Other than overhauls, I was also given a chance to research on the occurrence of flow assisted corrosion (FAC) on the HRSG LP drum cyclone separator walls. In conclusion, the IA program had provided me with basic technical skills as well as other essential working skills such as communication, researching and presenting skills to prepare me for the workforce in future.
Towards Adaptive Commons: A Case Study of Agro-Pastoral Dams in Northern Ghana

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Agro-pastoral dams (APDs) are an increasingly popular method of adaptation interventions improving communal water supply in rural West Africa. However, APDs are often constructed in areas where culturally heterogeneous pastoralists and farmers compete for similar land and water resources. Lifting open access water abundance is likely to change if not intensify ongoing tensions between farmers and settling Fulani herders. The extent of collective action and inclusivity of 6 APDs in Northern Ghana are analysed, combining theory from common-pool resource management and equity and justice in climate change adaptation into a proposed Inclusive Collective Action (ICA) model. Practically, the article demonstrates that neither fully excluding Fulani pastoralists nor making dams openly accessible results in inclusive APD usage and management where collective action is successful, and more dynamic forms of regional inclusion and exclusion are needed. Theoretically, the article identifies some of the limitations of applying the enabling conditions for collective action of common-pool resource theory as it tends to overlook negative aspects of excluding certain user groups in culturally heterogeneous contexts from managing and using a commons.
FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY OF AGRIBUSINESS VENTURE IN TAMIL NADU - A CASE STUDY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Business Man is always a Business Man who infuses innovation in business either in product design or product quality that will distinguish the product from the competitors’ product and pave way for consumer’s acceptance leading to consumer satisfaction. In an agribusiness, when many of the producers’ are struggling to make the seed germinable, the case firm has produced a healthy, quality, tall seedlings to the user agencies at a higher price per unit by adopting his own technologies and supplying the quality seedlings to different states in India and giving direct employment to the womenfolk to the tune of 52 women days per annum. The planned land use, management of scarce resources in an effective way generated a net output-input ratio of 2.29 for a rupee of investment. This paper has attempted to quantify the supply of seedlings to different states across the country, cost of production of seedlings and the revenue realized etc which will be a tool to the young aspiring entrepreneur to take up this venture in a big way.
Mechanical Behavior and Design Equations for Elastomer Shear Pad Remote Center Compliances

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Commercially available Remote Center Compliances (RCC’s) are made with elastic elements called elastomer shear pads. If these pads are assumed to be linear two-component springs, it is easy to derive equations for the RCC’s composite elastic behavior. These equations can be quite incorrect, however, because the pads are in fact nonlinear six component springs. RCC performance equations incorporating models of real pad behavior are presented here, together with experimental verification. These show that real RCC’s have less stiffness and less compliance center projection than predicted by the linear models. A new design that overcomes these problems is also presented.
Improved Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Quality of Life after Conversion from Mycophenolate Mofetil to Enteric-Coated Mycophenolate Sodium in Renal Transplant Patients Receiving

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

contributed equally to this work. It is reported that a conversion from mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) relieves gastrointestinal (GI) symptom burden and improves health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, it is unclear whether renal transplant recipients using tacrolimus receive the same benefit from the conversion. In this prospective, multi-center, open-label trial, patients were categorized into two groups by their GI symptom screening. Equimolar EC-MPS (n=175) was prescribed for patients with GI burdens; those with no complaints remained on MMF (n=83). Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) were evaluated at baseline and after one month. Patients and physicians completed Overall Treatment Effect (OTE) at one month. EC-MPS-converted patients had worse GSRS and GIQLI scores at baseline than MMF-continued patients (all P&lt;0.001). Significant improvements in GSRS and GIQLI scores were observed for EC-MPS-converted patients at
Effects of wind speed, spacing distance and length-width ratio of burner on flame merging and heat transfer of two-line fires

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

This paper investigates the effects of wind speed(V=0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 m/s), length-width ratio(n=5,8,10,15,20,25,30 and 40) and spacing distance(0, 10, 20 and 30 cm) on the burning and flame merging characteristics of two-line fires fueled by n-heptane. Experimental results indicate that the flame merging probability Pm decreases gradually with the increasing length-width ratio. Meanwhile, Pm shows an increasing trend with the groove length(L).The correlation between P m with n and L is found. On the other hand, it is found that,flame height and length decrease with the increasing length-width ratio.The flame height and length of upstream flame are smaller than those of downstream flame for different length-width ratios, at the same n and V. With the length-width ratio increase, the flame inclination angle will increase, and that of upstream flame is consistently smaller than that of downstream flame. Based on heat transfer analysis, under the influence of wind speed, the m '' is closely related to (L+W)/LW, showing an increasing trend with length-width ratio.With the increase of spacing distance, the ṁ '' of downstream flame will be larger, equal and then smaller than that of upstream flame.
An exploration of the coverage of aphasia in the Irish print media

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: International investigations of public awareness of aphasia indicate low levels of awareness and knowledge. Many studies identify the media as a powerful mechanism for increasing public awareness of health conditions. Media coverage of aphasia is lacking compared to other health conditions. To date, no research has investigated media coverage of aphasia in Ireland.Aims: To investigate the written coverage of aphasia and/or dysphasia in the Irish print media.Methods and Procedures: The Lexis Nexis database was searched between January 2013–2020 inclusive and all articles with the term “aphasia” and/or “dysphasia” in the headline and/or body of the text were retrieved. Retrieved articles were reviewed by both authors. Included articles were categorised independently using content analysis and the descriptors of aphasia in print media. The principles of thematic analysis supported the identification of themes across the data.Outcomes and Results: A total of 34 articles were identified; 16 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Descriptions of aphasia varied across the data with “word only provided” (n =0); “definition provided” (n =8); “content provided” (n =8). The articles (n =16) featured a range of content about aphasia including: Lived experiences (n =6); Definitions (n =5); Information (n =3); Communication training (n =2). Four themes emerged from the data including (1) Language Impairment, (2) Support Structures, (3) Recovery Pathway, and 4) Impacts on Family.Conclusions: Information about aphasia in Irish print media is sparse. The accuracy and quality of coverage are inconsistent which may be contributing to the limited levels of public awareness and knowledge of aphasia in Ireland. Accurate and increased media coverage has the potential to improve public awareness and knowledge and promote the inclusion of people living with aphasia in Irish society. A co-designed and targeted media aphasia awareness campaign is warranted.
Mdr1 mRNA expression differs between grade III astrocytomas and glioblastomas.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

104 N2-frozen samples from 33 astrocytic tumors previously untreated with cytotoxic drugs have been analyzed for the expression of p-glycoprotein transcripts (mdrl) by RT-PCR using beta2-microglobulin as an internal control. A remarkable variation was observed even within a single tumor in 50% of the cases. Nevertheless, a difference became visible between the groups of anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas. While 78% of the grade 3 astrocytomas contained at least a minimum of 1 sample with a very low mdr1 expression, this was the case only in 23% of the glioblastomas. This supports an earlier observation revealing a positive correlation between tumor grading and the tumor cell fraction stained with the monoclonal antibody JSB1. On the other hand, no major differences were found between the histological groups when the samples with the highest mdr1 expression were selected to represent the individual tumors. Those samples are less informative. They might be derived from tumor regions in which capillaries deliver a larger fraction of the total mRNA pool. No induction of mdr1 was observed in some early astrocytoma or glioblastoma cell cultures even after administration of high concentrations of the drugs ACNU and VM26, often used in glioma therapy.