jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Actions of Avermectin Analogs on γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-Sensitive and GABA-Insensitive Chloride Channels in Mouse Brain

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Seven avermectin analogues that exhibited a wide range of anthelminthic and insecticidal activities were evaluated for their effects on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-sensitive and GABA-insensitive components of chloride transport across mouse brain vesicle membranes. All of the compounds except the biologically inactive octahydro analogue of abamectin inhibited GABA-dependent chloride uptake into brain vesicles. The relative inhibitory potencies of the six active analogues varied over a more than 60-fold range and were generally correlated with their potencies as invertebrate toxicants. These six compounds, but not the octahydro analogue, also stimulated GABA-insensitive chloride efflux from preloaded brain vesicles. In this assay, the potencies of the six active compounds varied over a 6-fold range and were not correlated with potencies for the inhibition of GABA-dependent chloride uptake. Moreover, neither potencies nor relative efficacies for the stimulation of chloride efflux were obviously correlated with biological activity against invertebrates. These data show that avermectins are capable of modifying chloride permeability in mouse brain vesicle preparations by two distinct mechanisms, one involving GABA receptors and a second involving one or more additional chloride ionophores unrelated to GABA receptors. Both actions may contribute to the signs of intoxication observed for abamectin and other avermectins in mammals.
Breast MRI Use Uncommon among U.S. Women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: The goal of breast cancer screening is to reduce breast cancer mortality. Mammography is the standard screening method for detecting breast cancer early. Breast MRI is recommended to be used in conjunction with mammography for screening subsets of women at high risk for breast cancer. We offer the first study to provide national estimates of breast MRI use among women in the United States. Methods: We analyzed data from women who responded to questions about having a breast MRI on the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. We assessed report of having a breast MRI and reasons for it by sociodemographic characteristics and access to health care and computed five-year and lifetime breast cancer risk using the Gail model. Results: Among 11,222 women who responded, almost 5% reported ever having a breast MRI and 2% reported having an MRI within the 2 years preceding the survey. Less than half of the women who reported having a breast MRI were at increased risk. Approximately 60% of women reported having the breast MRI for diagnostic reasons. Women who ever had a breast MRI were more likely to be older, Black, and insured and to report a usual source of health care as compared with women who reported no MRI. Conclusions: Breast MRI use may be underused or overused in certain subgroups of women. Impact: As access to health care improves, the use of breast MRI and the appropriateness of its use for breast cancer detection will be important to monitor. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(1); 159–66. ©2012 AACR.
Optimized Plant Disease Prediction using CNN and Fertilizer Recommendation Engine

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A large portion of the Indian economy depends on agricultural productivity, and the impact of plant diseases can be significant. The consequences of a plant being affected by a disease can result in a considerable decrease in output, and the experiencing decline in financial losses is a unique consequence of a decline in both the caliber and amount of agricultural goods. To avoid a reduction in agricultural productivity and quantity, it is essential to recognize plant diseases. While enormous acres of crops are being monitored, plant disease detection is receiving an increasing amount of attention. Thus, this is possible by making use of image processing methods for plant disease diagnosis. The major limitation of the existing system is, it only predicts a plant disease, and this work not only detects the plant disease but also recommends a suitable fertilizer. The dataset used in the proposed model contains 16870 images and the model is implemented using a deeper Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The level of accuracy accomplished by the model is 96% for fruit leaves and 89% for vegetable leaves.
A Pediatric Case of Exercise Related Transient Abdominal Pain (ETAP) and Analysis of Current Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP) is an ailment commonly known to athletes as stitch and detrimental to their performance although it is thought of as benign and self-limiting. It may be stabbing or sharp when severe, aching, pulling or cramping when less intense, recurrent, and resistant to treatment. To date, ETAP remains under analyzed and under reported in the medical literature. There is no direct evidence of the cause of this ailment. Most of the patients reported in the previous literature were adult patients. This case report of an 11- year-old otherwise healthy female and subsequent analysis of literature, will present a contemporary understanding of ETAP, including the various ideas about the etiology, the epidemiology associated with it, and strategies to manage and prevent this frustrating disorder.
La vierge dans les arts et les littératures du Moyen Age. Actes du colloque de Perpignan du 17 au 19 octobre 2013, ed. Paul Bretel, Michel Adroher, and Aymat Catafau. Paris: Honoré Champion 2017, pp. 410.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The role of Mary in the Middle Ages has often been discussed in the context of theological or even social interpretations. A new collection of essays edited by Paul Bretel, Michel Adroher, and Aymat Catafau draws from that same tradition. But while most studies have specialized in certain aspects of the Marian tradition, this book proposes an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses both literary <?page nr="311"?>and artistic analysis. Relying heavily on works like Kathy M. Krauses’s Gautier de Coinci: miracles, Music and Manustripts (Turnhout: Brepols, 2006), La vierge dans les arts et les littératures du Moyen Age offers a multifaceted approach that proposes in turn new perspectives of studies on the role of Mary in the literature and art of the Middle Ages. Perhaps significantly, the authors have decided to include all the illustrations of the book in the middle section, offering at the same time a new examination of the works in a novel, unprecedented way. The different indexes (persons, authors, works, themes) speak also to the interdependence of all the articles and the value of this collection.
T84 cells in culture as a model for enteroaggregative Escherichia coli pathogenesis. Infect Immun

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an important cause of persistent diarrhea in many developing parts of the world, yet the pathogenetic mechanisms of EAEC diarrhea are unknown. Experiments with animal models suggest that EAEC strains damage the intestinal mucosa, and a putative cytotoxin has been described. To characterize the mucosal effects of EAEC, we studied strain 042, which we have shown to cause diarrhea in adult volunteers. Strain 042 was incubated in an in vitro organ culture model with biopsy-derived normal intestinal mucosa from pediatric patients. Strain 042 adhered strongly to samples of jejunal, ileal, and colonic mucosa. In addition, scanning electron microscopic examination of in vitro-infected intestinal biopsies re-vealed cytotoxic effects marked by exfoliation of mucosal epithelial cells. To develop an in vitro model to study these effects, we incubated 042 with polarized monolayers of the human intestinal epithelial cell lines Caco-2 and T84. Strain 042 adhered strongly to T84 cells but not to Caco-2 cells. T84 cells infected with 042 displayed marked toxic effects, most prominently in areas where bacteria were adhering. The apical membrane of damaged cells exhibited vesiculation and shedding of microvilli. The cytoplasm of affected cells displayed subnuclear vacuolization, and in some cases, nuclei of affected cells became separated from the surrounding cytoplasm. Severely affected cells ruptured, releasing their nuclei. Vacuolated remnant cells were seen through-out the monolayer. Strain 042 was not internalized by T84 cells. We concluded that EAEC strain 042 alters
Malar rash with pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Malar rash is a fixed erythema involving the facial cheeks and nasal bridge with sparing of the nasolabial folds. It has a classic butterfly appearance (figure 1). Its causes include local and systemic diseases, including rosacea, erysipelas and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).1 Rarely it occurs due to mitral stenosis with reduced cardiac output and pulmonary hypertension.2 Its association with severe pulmonary hypertension from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …
Shaping the mitochondrial inner membrane in health and disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mitochondria play central roles in cellular energetics, metabolism and signalling. Efficient respiration, mitochondrial quality control, apoptosis and inheritance of mitochondrial DNA depend on the proper architecture of the mitochondrial membranes and a dynamic remodelling of inner membrane cristae. Defects in mitochondrial architecture can result in severe human diseases affecting predominantly the nervous system and the heart. Inner membrane morphology is generated and maintained in particular by the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), the F 1 F o ‐ATP synthase, the fusion protein OPA1/Mgm1 and the nonbilayer‐forming phospholipids cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine. These protein complexes and phospholipids are embedded in a network of functional interactions. They communicate with each other and additional factors, enabling them to balance different aspects of cristae biogenesis and to dynamically remodel the inner mitochondrial membrane. Genetic alterations disturbing these membrane‐shaping factors can lead to human pathologies including fatal encephalopathy, dominant optic atrophy, Leigh syndrome, Parkinson's disease and Barth syndrome.
The Invisibility of Southern Migration

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay explores life-writing and literary fiction as different but related modes of making visible and working through the predicaments and perils of migration in the south, specifically, to or towards Australia and South Africa. Within the framework of J. M. Coetzee's Jesus trilogy in part about migration south (2013, 2016, 2019), I look at how Behrouz Boochani's translated memoir No Friend but the Mountains (2019), Jonny Steinberg's creative non-fiction A Man of Good Hope (2015), Karen Jennings's novel An Island (2021), and Alexis Wright's speculative fantasy The Swan Book (2013) give shape to the challenges and difficulties – the non-refugee might say the invisibility – of those banished from history and confined to the prison islands of the southern hemisphere. The investigation further considers whether these island conditions might typify migration in the region.
Effect of surrounding objects in the adapting scene on chromatic adaptation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Most of the existing chromatic adaptation transforms (CATs) were developed for flat uniform stimuli presented in a uniform background, which substantially simplifies the complexity of the real scene by excluding surrounding objects from the viewing field. The impact of the background complexity, in terms of the spatial properties of the objects surrounding the stimulus, on chromatic adaptation is ignored in most CATs. This study systematically investigated how the background complexity and color distribution affect the adaptation state. Achromatic matching experiments were conducted in an immersive lighting booth, with the illumination varying in chromaticity and the adapting scene varying in surrounding objects. Results show that compared to the uniform adapting field, increasing the scene complexity can significantly improve the degree of adaptation for the Planckian illuminations with low CCT levels. In addition, the achromatic matching points are substantially biased by the color of the surrounding object, implying the interactive effect of the illumination color and the dominant scene color on the adapting white point.
Rural veterinarian's perception and practices in terms of biosecurity across three European countries

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The implementation of biosecurity measures in the animal health and production context is quite broad and aims at limiting the risk of introduction and spread of diseases. Veterinarians play a major role in biosecurity as key informants on the subject for cattle holders, key players in terms of disease prevention/control and eradication programs, as well as key risk factor in terms of disease dissemination. Many biosecurity studies have highlighted professional visitors such as veterinary practitioners as representing a high-risk factor in terms of disease introduction in animal facilities but, to date, very few studies have focused on the implementation level of biosecurity measures by veterinarians. An online survey was implemented in three European countries (Belgium, France and Spain) to assess the behaviour of rural veterinarians towards biosecurity, as well as their implementation level of the biosecurity measures. A descriptive analysis of data and a scoring system were applied to assess the implementation level of measures. The influence of different factors on the implementation level of biosecurity measures was investigated through a negative binomial regression model. The study identified different strengths, weaknesses, possible constraints and solutions in terms of veterinary perspectives. Veterinarians are considered as key informants by the farmers and could therefore play a more active role in terms of guidance and improvement of biosecurity at farm level. Based on the survey outcomes, two factors seemed to influence significantly the implementation level of measures: the country where he/she practices and the veterinarian's perception level of biosecurity. The biosecurity stages with the lowest application level, therefore representing the biggest threats, were bio-exclusion (increasing the risk of disease introduction) and biocontainment (increasing the risk of inter-herd transmission).
Sulfur and selenium compounds related to acetylcholine and choline. XI. Hydrolysis of electronically and sterically defined substrates of acetylcholinesterase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfur and selenium compounds related to acetylcholine and choline. XI. Hydrolysis of electronically and sterically defined substrates of acetylcholinesteraseGilbert R. Hillman and Henry G. MautnerCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 13, 2633–2638Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00815a011https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00815a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cancers associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations other than breast and ovarian

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported additional cancers associated with BRCA mutations; however, the type, magnitude of risk, and sex differences remain to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of cancers other than breast and ovarian cancer in known mutation carriers. METHODS An institutional review board–approved study identified 1072 patients who had genetic counseling at the authors' institution and tested positive for a deleterious BRCA mutation. The expected number of cancer cases was calculated from the number of individuals in the study sample multiplied by the cancer incidence rates for the general population. The expected and observed numbers of cases were calculated in 5‐year intervals to accommodate different age‐related incidence rates. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for each cancer type were calculated. RESULTS Among the 1072 mutation carriers, 1177 cancers of 30 different cancer types were identified. Individuals with a BRCA1 mutation did not have a significant increase in cancers other than breast and ovarian cancer; however, a trend in melanoma was observed. Individuals with a BRCA2 mutation had significantly higher numbers of observed cases versus expected cases for pancreatic cancer in both men and women (SIR, 21.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13.1‐34.0; P < .001) and for prostate cancer in men (SIR, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.0‐10.1; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study uphold the current recommendations for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer screening of cancers other than breast and ovarian cancer by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Larger cohorts and collaborations are needed to further verify these findings. Cancer 2015;121:269–75 . © 2014 American Cancer Society .
A K band DRO in coplanar layout with dry and wet etched InP HEMTs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A DRO operating in the frequency range of 23.2-24.8 GHz was designed using InGaAs-InAlAs-InP HEMTs with dry and wet etched gate recess. The oscillator consisted of an MMIC in coplanar waveguide technology and an externally coupled mechanically tunable DR mounted on a microstrip line. An output power of 12 dBm and a phase noise of -107 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset from the carrier were measured. The achieved power efficiency was 21%.
Clinical and temporal characteristics of chronic bronchitis complicated with secondary bronchiectasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Backgraund. According to the epidemiological researches prevalence of a chronic bronchitis (CB) varies in the broad borders on average from 10 to 47 % in the different countries of the world. Purpose of the study was to study the clinic pathogenic peculiarities of CB exacerbation, namely the inflammatory condition and the frequency of complication appearing, such as secondary bronchiectasis. Materials and methods. We observed the type of exacerbation and the presence of CB complications with secondary bronchiectasis in 140 patients during the year which were divided into two groups. I group – 80 patients who were diagnosed with CB for 10 years and II group – 60 patients were sick with CB for 20 years. The type of exacerbation (catarrhal or purulent) and the presence of chronic bronchitis complicated with secondary bronchiectasis (according to the data of fiber-optic bronchoscopy and computer tomography) were estimated in the patients during the year. Results of the study. In the 1st group during the year the 80% of patients had catarrhal exacerbation, and 20% had purulent one. Only 5% patients of this group had CB complicated with secondary bronchiectasis. In the 2nd group (anamnesis chronic bronchitis for 20 years) during the year the 40% of patients had catarrhal exacerbation, and 60% had purulent one. Already 11,7% patients of this group had CB complicated with secondary bronchiectasis. Conclusions. As well as the time of sickness of CB lengthens, increases the frequency of purulent complications and the identification of the secondary bronchiectasis increases in three times.
An Empirical Comparison of Alternative Models of Consumers’ Environmental Attitudes and Eco-friendly Product Purchase Intentions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Using two sets of survey data collected in Korea and the United States respectively, this study demonstrated that the model that integrated the value-attitude-behavior hierarchy chain and the theory of planned behavior had the highest fit with both sets of the data than other models of consumer's environmental attitudes and eco-friendly product purchase intentions. The findings also showed that incorporating the effects of various types of perceived values of eco-friendly products (e.g., environmental, functional and economic values) into the model did not improve the model fit, although product's environmental value had significant interaction effects with some of the non-environmental values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Seoul Journal of Business is the property of Seoul National University, College of Business Administration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
A Case of Culture-Negative Endocarditis Due to Bartonella henselae and Cat Scratch Disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This report describes the case of a 73-year-old female with a history of a prosthetic mitral valve and breast cancer who presented with fever and confusion. Brain imaging revealed multiple ischemic infarcts, and abdominal imaging demonstrated splenic infarcts. Workup with transesophageal echocardiogram revealed a vegetation on the aortic valve, but several blood cultures had no bacterial growth. Further history revealed a recent exposure to a stray cat, and the patient was found to have positive antibodies for Bartonella henselae, the organism implicated in cat scratch disease. She was treated with the appropriate course of antibiotics, and she made a full recovery to her baseline functional status. This report emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive patient history and a broad differential diagnosis.
Evaluating the importation of yellow fever cases into China in 2016 and strategies used to prevent and control the spread of the disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During the yellow fever epidemic in Angola in 2016, cases of yellow fever were reported in China for the first time. The 11 cases, all Chinese nationals returning from Angola, were identified in March and April 2016, one to two weeks after the peak of the Angolan epidemic. One patient died; the other 10 cases recovered after treatment. This paper reviews the epidemiological characteristics of the 11 yellow fever cases imported into China. It examines case detection and disease control and surveillance, and presents recommendations for further action to prevent additional importation of yellow fever into China.