jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Performance and characteristics of GSM-based PCS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Personal communication services (PCS) based on the GSM system, also called PCS1900, provides an advanced wireless system concept with a high performance air interface. The combination of techniques such as frequency hopping, equalization, channel coding and spatial diversity help in controlling the hostile radio environment. The performance is evaluated mainly in terms of coverage and capacity, and compared with PCS based on IS-95 CDMA. The results show a coverage advantage for GSM-based PCS (PCS1900) corresponding to fewer required base stations than for IS-95 CDMA. The reason is the large frequency diversity that is possible with PCS1900. The capacity in terms of channels/sector is comparable for the two systems. When using the same speech coder rate, PCS1900 will have a small capacity advantage. The concept using hierarchical cell structures for achieving a high system capacity per km/sup 2/ in a flexible way, is only supported by PCS1900.
Failure of once daily inhaled corticosteroid treatment to control chronic asthma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twelve patients with chronic asthma received either high dose beclomethasone once a day or standard doses of beclomethasone three times a day in a double blind crossover trial to determine whether inhalation once a day would be sufficient. With the once a day regimen peak expiratory flow rates fell significantly, symptoms of nocturnal asthma increased, and two patients withdrew from the study because of worsening asthma. Whether control can be achieved with steroids inhaled once a day by simply increasing the total daily dose remains to be seen.
D-FRI-WinFirewall: Dynamic fuzzy rule interpolation for Windows Firewall

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dynamic fuzzy rule interpolation (D-FRI) consists of functionalities of fuzzy rule interpolation and dynamically refinement of the fuzzy rule base. It can be integrated with any fuzzy intelligent system to extend the system's capabilities in addition to its normal fuzzy reasoning. Systems security is one of the areas that require dynamic monitoring due to the nature of possible threats; static rule-based systems cannot cover all reoriented security threats accurately in the long run. D-FRI provides a possible solution to such problems, potentially making various security tools (e.g., those for firewall, intrusion detection and traffic analysis) more effective. As a particular application, this paper exploits D-FRI to dynamically support Microsoft Windows Firewall, resulting in a robust system named D-FRI-WinFirewall. Given the general utility of Windows Firewall, the impact of this work is far-reaching. The work reported here focusses on the monitoring and prevention of denial of service (DoS) attacks, which is not possible by utilising the standard Windows Firewall alone. In particular, two sub-systems are designed, implemented and tested within D-FRI-WinFirewall, with an effort to detect and prevent two serious types of DoS attack: ICMP DoS attack and UDP DoS attack, leading the Windows Firewall to outperform popular and expensive firewalls, which are yet unable to handle DoS attacks.
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Time and change have been among the most widely discussed themes in archaeological theory, though they have varying fortunes in the vicissitudes of academic life. British and American anthropology, it has been observed, have long oscillated between history and evolution, between studying culture in its local context and in a long-term narrative. Following Steward and White rather than Kroeber and Boas, the New Archaeology's banner was evolution, and many of its theoretical goals were explicitly reductionist, for example, in viewing human actions as a local response to large-scale environmental conditions. Yet, at the same time, from its inception the New Archaeology also contained the seeds of a humanistic, historical approach (for instance, in tracing social stratification to chiefly power strategies to local, short-term political contexts).
Fuzzy distance measuring based on RSSI in Wireless Sensor Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless sensor network has become the hot research field over the world since 1990 s, and the localization plays important role in WSN, however, distance measuring is the base of the localization. A novel distance measuring technology is proposed in the paper, which use fuzzy inference system trained by adaptive neural-fuzzy inference system to create the model that maps RSSI into the correct T-R distance, and it is feasible proved by experiments.
Integrating science, policy and activism: a comprehensive approach to addressing climate-related health inequities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Integrating science, policy and activism: a comprehensive approach to addressing climate-related health inequities Get access Jose Eric M Lacsa Jose Eric M Lacsa Theology and Religious Education Department, De La Salle University, Manila 1004, Philippines Address correspondence to Jose Eric M. Lacsa, E-mail: jose.eric.lacsa@dlsu.edu.ph https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-0080 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Public Health, fdae153, https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdae153 Published: 29 July 2024 Article history Received: 27 May 2024 Accepted: 17 July 2024 Published: 29 July 2024
ON-State Contact Resistance and Arc-Less Commutation Characteristics of Cu-W Clad Contact Materials in a Hybrid DC Switch

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Hybrid dc switches have better performance with regard to energy conservation and less arc erosion than conventional semiconductor switches and mechanical switches. A novel hybrid dc switch based on a SiC-MOSFET is developed, and it accomplishes arc-less commutation if the current is below a threshold value, which is mainly determined by the boiling voltage of its contact material. However, as it is difficult for common contact materials to have both a low ON-state contact resistance and high boiling voltage, optimization of the contact materials is necessary to further decrease the ON-state contact resistance and improve the arc-less commutation characteristics of hybrid dc switches. New-type Cu-W clad contacts are proposed in this article by brazing tungsten top layers on copper bulks. The performance of the Cu-W clad contacts with the tungsten top layers of different thickness is evaluated by comparing their ON-state contact resistance and the threshold current of arc-less commutation with those of copper contacts and tungsten contacts under dc current ranging from 100 to 400 A. The results of the experiments show that the Cu-W clad contacts with the tungsten top layers of 1 mm thickness are the most suitable for arc-less hybrid dc switches because of their low ON-state contact resistance and largest threshold current of arc-less commutation.
Smart manufacturing workplace safety with virtual training, AR, MR and haptic technologies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The modern era than any other time known has involved more human-computer interaction technologies including virtual reality, augmented reality (AR), and/or mixed reality (MR) to bring better safety measures to handling the dangerous task, for instance, sending material to melt in a hot furnace or other such risky tasks to be completed with this technology. The subject matter of this chapter is focused on three types of virtual world technologies, and their respective applications, from the past, present, and future. This chapter aims to highlight the technology's use to enhance the safety of the smart manufacturing system.
Efficient and Cost-Effective Alternative Treatment for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections and Interstitial Cystitis in Women: A Two-Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Copyright © 2014 Anthony Mansour et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections affecting women. UTIs are primarily caused by Escherichia coli, which increases the likelihood of a recurrent infection. We encountered two cases of recurrent UTIs (rUTIs) with a positive E. coli culture, not improving with antibiotics due to the development of antibiotic resistance. An alternative therapeutic regimen based on parsley and garlic, L-arginine, probiotics, and cranberry tablets has been given.This regimen showed a significant health improvement and symptoms relief without recurrence formore than 12months. In conclusion, the case supports the concept of using alternative medicine in treating rUTI and as a prophylaxis or in patients who had developed antibiotic resistance. 1.
AutoDiCE: Fully Automated Distributed CNN Inference at the Edge

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep Learning approaches based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are extensively utilized and very successful in a wide range of application areas, including image classification and speech recognition. For the execution of trained CNNs, i.e. model inference, we nowadays witness a shift from the Cloud to the Edge. Unfortunately, deploying and inferring large, compute and memory intensive CNNs on edge devices is challenging because these devices typically have limited power budgets and compute/memory resources. One approach to address this challenge is to leverage all available resources across multiple edge devices to deploy and execute a large CNN by properly partitioning the CNN and running each CNN partition on a separate edge device. Although such distribution, deployment, and execution of large CNNs on multiple edge devices is a desirable and beneficial approach, there currently does not exist a design and programming framework that takes a trained CNN model, together with a CNN partitioning specification, and fully automates the CNN model splitting and deployment on multiple edge devices to facilitate distributed CNN inference at the Edge. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel framework, called AutoDiCE, for automated splitting of a CNN model into a set of sub-models and automated code generation for distributed and collaborative execution of these sub-models on multiple, possibly heterogeneous, edge devices, while supporting the exploitation of parallelism among and within the edge devices. Our experimental results show that AutoDiCE can deliver distributed CNN inference with reduced energy consumption and memory usage per edge device, and improved overall system throughput at the same time.
Aspergillus Fumigatus Spore Proteases Alter the Respiratory Mucosa Architecture and Facilitate Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Numerous Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) airborne spores are inhaled daily by humans and animals due to their ubiquitous presence. The interaction between the spores and the respiratory epithelium, as well as its impact on the epithelial barrier function, remains largely unknown. The epithelial barrier protects the respiratory epithelium against viral infections. However, it can be compromised by environmental contaminants such as pollen, thereby increasing susceptibility to respiratory viral infections, including alphaherpesvirus equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1). To determine whether Af spores disrupt the epithelial integrity and enhance susceptibility to viral infections, equine respiratory mucosal ex vivo explants were pretreated with Af spore diffusate, followed by EHV-1 inoculation. Spore proteases were characterized by zymography and identified using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Proteases of the serine protease, metalloprotease, and aspartic protease groups were identified. Morphological analysis of hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-stained sections of the explants revealed that Af spores induced the desquamation of epithelial cells and a significant increase in intercellular space at high and low concentrations, respectively. The increase in intercellular space in the epithelium caused by Af spore proteases correlated with an increase in EHV-1 infection. Together, our findings demonstrate that Af spore proteases disrupt epithelial integrity, potentially leading to increased viral infection of the respiratory epithelium.
Cyanosis due to pulmonary arteriovenous malformation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cyanosis is frequently encountered in the neonate or infant. Most often it is due to congenital heart disease or primary lung disease. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation is an unusual cause of cyanosis. Polycythemia and clubbing are associated findings. The treatment is excision or embolization if the disease is not too extensive.
A Discretization Procedure in Finite Horizon Optimal Stopping Tested on AR(1) Processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A discretization procedure for finite horizon optimal stopping problems in discrete time is developed. This procedure was designed to work well for a large class of discrete time stochastic processes, for which it finds stopping strategies. We test how well the procedure works for AR(1) processes, because we can numerically approximate the value functions associated with stopping this process, so that we can compare these with the results of the discretization procedure. Another reason for looking at AR(1) processes is that these are often used in modelling the price of electricity in demand-side management and this research was started in the context of an investigation of stochastic optimization problems in demand-side management. We aim to provide empirical evidence showing that the discretization procedure is consistent. Properties of the value function of the stopping problem are also derived.
Why Party Bans Often Don’t Work

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In July 2008, in an intensely debated and enormously consequential case, Turkey’s Constitutional Court weighed whether to close the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) and ban its 71 leading members, including then-Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Six of the eleven justices voted in favor – falling just one vote short of the super-majority required to dissolve the AKP and bar its leaders from politics for five years. More than 15 years after the AKP closure case, Turkey has experienced significant democratic backsliding, and Erdoğan has secured a third term as president, extending his tenure in office into 2028. Although the tools of “militant democracy” may be useful, the Turkish case suggests that targeted legal interventions, rather than sweeping party bans, may be more effective at safeguarding democracy.
Current Problems and Prospects for the Development of State Control (Supervisory) Bodies in Russia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article examines the peculiarities of the functioning of state control (supervisory) bodies in the Russian Federation at the present time. The subtleties of the mechanism for evaluating the effectiveness of the functioning of the system of control (supervisory) bodies are analyzed using the example of evaluating the work of these bodies in the field of social services in St. Petersburg. The current problems of the functioning of the system of state control (supervisory) bodies in the Russian Federation are reflected. Based on the identified problems, the authors propose a set of measures based on the principles of legality and transparency, a balance of interests aimed at achieving the most useful result for all participants in control (supervisory) activities. The implementation of the proposed measures should follow the path of using modern approaches to managing the system of control (supervisory) bodies based on the results of scientific and technological progress.
An effective surface roughness extraction method using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and 2-D based equations for high speed systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes and validates the effective-roughness extraction method using a modified equation-based S-parameter and a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. In order to minimize the equation-based S-parameter error, Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis is used and Djordjevic-Sarkar dielectric model is applied to broadband frequencies. Additionally, the consistency of the S-parameters is improved by applying the Cannonball-Huray roughness model as same as the 3D-EM simulation for the resistance model. The effective-roughness with similar conditions to the measurement S-parameter was extracted using the configured equation and PSO algorithm, applied to the test coupon manufactured under the same conditions, and the measurement results were compared.
A Grounded Theory Analysis of E-Collaboration Effects for Distributed Project Management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The emergence and widespread use of collaborative technologies for distributed project management has brought opened up a myriad of opportunities for business. While the opportunities for off-shore outsourcing and collaborative development are enticing, most tools and techniques for project management focus on on-site, long term relationships and sourcing strategies at a time when inter-organizational relationships are becoming dynamic and temporary. This paper uses grounded theory to analyze data on virtual teams. The analysis uncovers "effects" in the way distributed projects are managed. These effects relate to coordination, communication and adaptation to distributed electronic work environments. Following an analysis of these eCollaboration "effects", a model for distributed project management is presented.
The fatigue life of nylon monofilament as fishing gear material

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The fatigue and durability of monofilament fishing gut and multifilament fishing gut were compared in fatigue tests employing repeated elongation under a load and flection. The fatigue life of both types of gut was shorter in the case of flection than elongation. Also, in terms of elongation, the monofilament fishing gut exhibited greater durability than the multifilament type. In the case of multifilament fishing gut, a great reduction in strength was observed as the fatigue progressed. In the case of the monofilament fishing gut, no reduction in strength was observed at all. These results suggest that the fatigue mechanism of the two types of fishing gut is different and that the twist and the existence of interaction between the filaments exert an influence on the fatigue characteristics of multifilament fishing gut.
Infliximab for the treatment of Crohn's disease: efficacy, safety and pharmacoeconomics.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. From the perspective of the patient, symptoms of the disease significantly impair quality of life and interfere with activities of daily living. Conventional medical treatment of Crohn's disease includes the use of nonspecific anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressives and antibiotics. These therapies are characterized by a delayed onset of action, incomplete response rates and a substantial risk of adverse effects. Although surgery is frequently used to treat complications, postoperative recurrence is an important problem. Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed toward tumour necrosis factor alpha, is highly effective for the treatment of active Crohn's disease. In randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials, 82% of patients who received 5 mg/kg of infliximab had a clinically significant response, compared with 17% of those given placebo (P<0.001). Moreover, infliximab is the only medical therapy that has been shown to be effective for the treatment of fistulizing Crohn's disease. Infusion reactions are the most common adverse effect. Whether treatment with infliximab is associated with an increased risk of neoplasia, infection or autoimmune disease is unknown. Therefore, further long term safety studies are required. Despite the relatively high cost of drug acquisition, preliminary pharmacoeconomic analysis indicates that infliximab is cost effective compared with existing treatments. Infliximab is recommended for the treatment of active Crohn's disease refractory to conventional drugs, and is the treatment of choice for fistulizing Crohn's disease.
High arginase activity is localised at the site of pathology and results in reduced levels of L-arginine at the site of pathology.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p>(A) Groups of BALB/c and CBA mice (n = 4) were infected with <i>L. major</i> parasites in one hind footpad and 1, 4 and 6 weeks post infection, individual footpads and popliteal lymph nodes were harvested and arginase activity was determined by enzymatic assay. Each symbol represents arginase activity for one individual organ, the horizontal line representing the average value. Data show the results of one representative experiment out of five independent experiments. (B) Groups of BALB/c and CBA mice (n = 4) were infected with <i>L. major</i> parasites in one hind footpad and 4 weeks post infection, individual footpads and popliteal lymph nodes were harvested and levels of extracellular L-arginine were determined using an amino acid analyser. Data show the results of one representative experiment out of two independent experiments.</p>
Gene Loops Enhance Transcriptional Directionality

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

PolII Goes Loopy To execute their function, genes must be transcribed into RNA, often by RNA polymerase II (PolII), which binds at the 5′ end of genes and therefore transcribes through the coding region to make messenger RNA. But, presented with nucleosome-depleted chromatin, PolII will, wastefully, initiate transcription nonspecifically and bidirectionally away from the gene. Noting that actively transcribed genes often form loops, such that their 5′ and 3′ ends are juxtaposed. Tan-Wong et al. (p. 671 , published online 27 September; see the Perspective by Hampsey ) showed that PolII's propensity for promiscuous bidirectional transcription is reined in by gene loop formation.
Analysis of anthocyanin composition and content contained from grains of the Korean purple rice varieties by liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI/MS)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The content and composition of anthocyanin were determined in grains of the Korean purple rice varieties using liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI/MS). Isolated individual anthocyanins were identified and confirmed as cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, peonidin 3-glucoside and unknown compound with cyanidin based by interpretation MS fragments. Among them cyanidin 3-glucoside and peonidin 3glucoside were major components. Especially, cyanidin 3-glucoside showed highest proportion and the anthocyanin contents were found to be significantly higher in Heugjinjubyeo(408 mg/100 g) than in other variety.