jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Detection of vertical root fractures in the presence of artefacts by digital radiography and cone beam computed tomography

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The correct diagnosis of vertical root fractures (VRF) in the presence of artifacts is a challenge for clinicians and endodontists. Moreover, there is controversy about which imaging technique is best for this purpose. In an in vitro model, we evaluated the diagnosis of VRF in teeth treated endodontically with and without intraradicular metal posts, using the Clark technique and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), as well as the interference of artifacts with the diagnosis. Twenty-two first or second maxillary or mandibular premolars were included. Teeth were randomly allocated to three groups: G1 (two teeth without fracture with endodontic treatment and one with an intraradicular metal post); G2 (10 fractured teeth with endodontic treatment); and G3 (10 fractured teeth with endodontic treatment plus a metal post). The examiners recorded the presence or absence of fracture and its location and classified its type. There was no statistically significant difference between image acquisition systems. When differentiating the teeth (first vs. second premolars), there was a statistically significant difference among the examiners (p=0.020). However, when comparing the values obtained by the examiners regarding the visualization of the fracture site as well as the presence of fracture correlated with the presence of a metal post and angulation, there were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). Digital radiographs and CBCT were similar for the diagnosis of VRF. High sensitivity was observed by CBCT image reconstructions. Therefore, the presence of metal posts generated artifacts, resulting in low sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.
Cost sensitive multi-class fuzzy decision-theoretic rough set based fault diagnosis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cost-sensitive multi-class fuzzy decision-theoretic rough set (MC_FDTRS) is proposed by considering cost sensitivity in practical fault diagnosis process. MC_FDTRS generalizes indiscernibility relation of multi-class decision-theoretic rough set to Gaussian kernel based fuzzy equivalence relation, and then it can deal with numerical data directly without discretization. MC_FDTRS introduces cost matrix for loss functions to solve classification problems where different types of misclassification have different costs. Positive, negative and boundary region classification rules are extracted from data based on Bayesian risk minimum principle. MC_FDTRS method is applied to fault diagnosis of power transformer to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results on transformer fault diagnosis examples show that the proposed method is well suitable for cost-sensitive fault diagnosis tasks and leads to lower misdiagnosis cost.
Unilateral and Bilateral Aplasia of the Anterior Cerebral Artery in the Presence of Their Vascular Sources

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose In continuation of our previous studies of vascular components of the cerebral arterial circle, our goal was to investigate the cases of aplasia of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Methods The macro- and microdissection of the target human brain arteries was applied under the magnifying glass. Each case was photographed and diagramatically represented in the workbook. The length and the outer diameter of the corresponding arteries on the photos were measured using a computer software program. Results There were 2/388 cases of ACA aplasia―unilaterally in one case (0.25%), and bilaterally in the other (0.25%). These two cases belonged to a male and a female adult, autopsied due to the homicide and myocardial infarction, aged 68 and 80, respectively. Except for the variations of the posterior communicating artery on one or both sides, and several arteries of the vertebrobasilar system, the instance of cerebral pathology was not recorded in either of these cases. We compared the recent cases with similar literature cases obtained from a number of retrospective studies and single reports. Conclusion Summarizing available literature cases of unilateral ACA aplasia, and taking into account that the presented cases of unilateral and bilateral ACA aplasia were not accompanied with cerebral pathology, we can nevertheless to underline the appearance of an aneurysm of the opposite ACA in more than a quarter of the studied cases, more typically on the right side and in male gender. The recent case of bilateral ACA aplasia which has been the second case discovered so far, represents a true rarity.
An integrated analysis identified mitochondrial ribosomal protein MRPL3 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mitochondria play a crucial role in tumor metabolism. Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L3 (MRPL3) is a core component of the mitochondrial ribosome. However, its role in pancreatic cancer (PC) remains unclear. We investigated the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of MRPL3 in PC. The expression of MRPL3 was analyzed using public databases. Prognostic significance was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate/multivariate Cox regression. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to identify MRPL3-associated signaling pathways. In addition, immune cell infiltration and tumor mutational burden (TMB) analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between MRPL3 expression and the tumor microenvironment. Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) scores and drug sensitivity analyses were used to assess the therapeutic implications of MRPL3. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to validate MRPL3 expression and evaluate their prognostic significance in clinical PC samples. In vitro experiments were performed to determine the effects of MRPL3 silencing on PC cell behavior. MRPL3 expression was notably increased in PC and associated with an unfavorable prognosis in public cohorts. Functional enrichment and immune infiltration analyses revealed that high MRPL3 expression was associated with damage to the G2/M DNA checkpoint, increased Th2 cell infiltration, and reduced natural killer (NK) cell activity. Furthermore, high MRPL3 expression corresponded to lower immunotherapy sensitivity and higher chemotherapy sensitivity. The IHC analysis confirmed that high MRPL3 expression is associated with significantly shorter overall survival in PC (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.35-3.34, p = 0.001). In vitro experiments demonstrated that MRPL3 knockout significantly suppressed PC proliferation, migration, and invasion. MRPL3 promotes PC progression, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance, contributing to an unfavorable prognosis. It may serve as a promising biomarker and potential target for individualized treatment strategies.
Electronic Nanostructures: Constructing Metal Arch Nanobridges Utilizing a Photothermal‐Induced Nanobonding Technique (Adv. Electron. Mater. 7/2019)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The construction of multilayered arched nanobridges and nanocantilever structures from silver nanowires using a photothermal-induced nanobonding technique is reported by Qiang Li and co-workers in article number 1800807. The multilayered arch nanobridges are used as short-circuit-free multipronged electronic connections in nanoelectronic devices. Both types of nanostructure also exhibit excellent mechanical strength and show potential for use in biological sensors.
Acute effects of a low‐dose atropine/scopolamine mixture as a food contaminant in human volunteers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT To verify the assumptions in our previous risk assessment of an atropine/scopolamine mixture in buckwheat flour, we performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled cross‐over study in 20 healthy, adult volunteers. The volunteers ingested a traditional Slovenian buckwheat meal, made of boiled buckwheat flour to which alkaloids were added. In addition to the placebo they ingested 0.12/0.10, 0.37/0.29, 1.22/0.95, 3.58/2.81 and 12.10/9.50 µg kg –1 body mass (BM) of the atropine/scopolamine mixture. The changes in body temperature, heart rate, salivary and sweat secretion, pupil size, near‐point vision and subjective symptoms were recorded regularly for 4 h after the ingestion. Decreased salivary and sweat secretion, increased heart rate and pupil size and reduced near‐point vision accompanied by characteristic subjective symptoms were observed at 12.10/9.50 µg kg –1 BM. At doses of 0.37/0.29 and 1.22/0.95 µg kg –1 BM, a significant decrease in the heart rate was noted, which we consider to be a critical effect of a low‐dose exposure to the atropine/scopolamine mixture. Although this did not have any clinical relevance in our subjects, it may have serious implications if it occurred in people with pre‐existent cardiac conditions or those on medications that may cause bradycardia. No significant changes in the observed end points were noted at 0.12/0.10 µg kg –1 BM. We estimate that the NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for the atropine/scopolamine mixture lies between the lower two administered doses. Applying the uncertainty factor of 10, we propose a new provisional Acute Reference Doses (ARfDs) of the mixture, i.e. 0.01 µg kg –1 BM for each alkaloid, and a further refinement using higher‐tier approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the Current Situation of the Research on the Influencing Factors of Online Learning Behavior and Suggestions for Teaching Improvement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the rapid development in online education and the recurrence of COVID-19 around the world, people have temporarily turned to online education. To identify influencing factors of online learning behavior and improve online education, this study used CiteSpace to visually analyze research on influencing factors of online learning behavior on WoS. It discusses the research status, hotspots, and trends. Then, through cluster analysis and literature interpretation, the paper summarizes the types of online learning behavior and the influencing factors of different online learning behaviors from positive and negative dimensions. The findings of this paper are as follows. (1) The number of studies on the influencing factors of online learning behavior has increased in the last decade, especially after the outbreak of COVID-19. The research countries and institutions in this field lack contact and cooperation. (2) Online learning behaviors mainly include online learning engagement behavior, continuous behavior, procrastination behavior, and truancy behavior. (3) Online learning engagement behavior is mainly affected by perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, individual characteristic differences, and other factors. (4) Online learning continuous behavior is mainly affected by quality, perceived usefulness, learning self-efficacy, and other factors. (5) The influencing factors of online learning procrastination mainly include learning environment, individual characteristics, social support, and pressure. (6) The main influencing factors of online learning truancy behavior are social interaction, participation, and learner control. At the end of this paper, according to the action mode of the influencing factors of online learning behavior, some suggestions for teaching improvement are put forward from the two perspectives of promoting positive online learning behavior and avoiding negative online learning behavior, which can provide a reference for teachers and schools in the future when conducting online education.
No difference in sensitivity for occult infection between oxine and tropolone labeled In-111 leukocytes when imaged early

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is an ongoing debate whether oxine or tropolone is the best labeling agent for indium leukocytes. Recent studies have given conflicting results concerning leukocyte viability, chemotaxis, and the ability to detect abscesses early with the two materials. The authors have undertaken a long-term prospective study to see which material gives the best clinical results early, 1-4 hours following injection. To date, 55 patients have been studied. The first 35 patients' leukocytes were autologously labeled with oxine; the next 20 with tropolone. Imaging was performed 1-4 hours post injection (mean 3) and repeated at 24 hours. The diagnosis was confirmed by clinical course, x-ray studies, surgery, and necropsy studies. Oxine: 19 of 35 (54%) patient studied had a clinical site of infection. The early images had a sensitivity of only 44% (7 of 16) whereas the delayed images were 95% sensitive. Of the cases positive both early and at 24 hours, 70% had more intense uptake at 24 hours. Tropolone: 8 of 20 (40%) patient studied had a clinical site of infection. The early images had a sensitivity of 50% (4 of 8) whereas the delayed images picked up all sites of infection. Thirty-three percent of the cases positive bothmore » early and at 24 hours had more intense uptake at 24 hours. There was no statistical difference in the sensitivities between oxine and tropolone labeled white cells. At present, the authors find no difference in the early sensitivity at 1-4 hours between oxine and tropolone labeled leukocytes.« less
<b>Toxicity in food flavorings at the cellular level associated with each other at different doses

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to examine the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of synthetic flavorings, nature identical, Chocolate, Strawberry and Condensed Milk. This evaluation was performed in root meristem cells of Allium cepa L., in exposure times of 24 and 48 hours and using doses of 0.2; 0.4 and 0.6 mL, in combination, in which one of the three doses of a flavoring was combined with a different dose of one of the two other flavor additives studied. Roots were fixed in Carnoy’s solution, hydrolyzed in hydrochloric acid, stained with acetic orcein and then analyzed, under light microscopy, 5,000 cells for each treatment. For data analysis, it was used Chi-square test at 5%. All the treatments with combinations between the flavorings Chocolate/Strawberry and Strawberry/Condensed Milk reduced, in both exposure times considered, cell division of A. cepa roots, proving to be cytotoxic. In turn, the treatments with the association of Chocolate/Condensed Milk did not change significantly the mitotic index of the cells analyzed. The Strawberry flavoring was the most cytotoxic among the additives tested. None of the evaluated associations was genotoxic under the study conditions.
Investigating how the mobile app users' past purchase experience affects app download behaviour: the role of immersion and abstention

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to describe and model mobile users' behaviours of app downloads using immersion and abstention effects. The authors describe the processes in which consumers' experiences of apps lead to immersion and abstention, which are combined and appear as behaviours of app downloads, to express them as a concrete model and functions. We predict what app users have decided to download at the point of decision-making. It was observed that as the users experienced apps, immersion and abstention were combined so that a utility shape in an inverted-U shape appeared. In addition, immersion and abstention were relatively dramatic in the game category, while they were not strong in other categories such as information and hobby. This study will collect data in the representative app stores in South Korea directly, and build quantitative functions that can analyse cumulative records of consumers' app downloads.
Fibrin regulation of matrix metalloproteinases9 gene expression in rat brain vascular endothelial cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the kinetics of matrix metalloproteinases9(MMP9) protein and mRNA ex-pressions in the co-culture of rat brain Vascular Endothelial Cells(RBVEC) with fibrin.MethodsThe MMP9 concentration were measured by rat MMP9 ELISA kit and the MMP9 mRNA were measured by Real-time PCR after development an in vitro model of in situ fibrin polymerization on RBVEC.ResultsFibrin could induce MMP9 expression.The MMP9 antigen concentration increased significantly in 1.0 mg/mL media groups compared to the low dose fibrin group or control media group(P0.001).Fibrin-induced MMP9 expression in rat brain VEC as early as 2 hours post-fibrin stimulation,increased significantly in 8 hours,keeping at high level till 24 hours(P0.005), decreased at 48 hour;Collagen could induce MMP9 expression in 24 hours lightly, but it was less significantly compared to the fibrin groups(P0.05).Real-time PCR analysis showed that MMP9 antigen increasing seen in fibrin treated RBVEC was due to fibrin induced elevation of steady state mRNA expression,ConclusionFibrin is potent vascular endothelial cell activator, it induced MMP9 expression in a time-and dose-dependent fashion.
Ca(2+)-transport across brush border and basal surfaces of human term [correction of terms] placenta.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Brush border microvillous (BBM) and basal cell membranes (BCM) were isolated from syncytiotrophoblast of human term placenta by homogenization, sonication, prolonged stirring and differential centrifugation. Uptake of 45Ca(2+)-CaCl2 in membrane vesicles in morpholino propane sulphonic acid (MOPS) buffer was studied up to 60 min. Maximum uptake of the radioisotope was recorded at 10 and 15 min of incubation of the BBM and BCM, respectively. Radioisotopic uptake was also dependent on the Ca(2+)-concentration, linear up to 3 mu mole and then assuming hyperbolic substrate saturation kinetics. The Lineweaver-Burk transformation of the data gave Kt value for BBM and BCM, 0.85 and 1.08 microM, respectively while the Vmax of uptake (Jmax) in the same were 105.26 and 188.68 pmole Ca2+/microgram protein/20 min. Ca(2+)-Uptake in placental BBM and BCM vesicles was inhibited by two Ca(2+)-channel blockers, nifedipine and verapamil to as much as 50% while Ca(2+)-ionophore A23187 enhanced the uptake process significantly.
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT IN JAPAN

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

With the rapid economic development from the Meiji era on, Japan has progressed from an agricultural nation at the beginnig of this century to a present‐day advanced industrialized nation. However, because of a pronounced regional concentration of industry which exists despite Japan's small size, there have come to be wide regional differences in the structure of industry. I believe that this may be witnessed in the regional differences in the distribution of industrial empolyment.
Change in Periodontal Status, Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Following Video-Based Counseling

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Periodontal disease is one among the most common oral health problems which are prevalent among the adult population throughout the world. There is a notable lack of awareness related to oral hygiene-related practice among transgenders, a vulnerable group of population who face social stigma. Materials and Methods: 156 participants comprising 52 each of transgenders (Group T), males (Group M,) and females (Group F) were recruited. The oral health-related knowledge, attitude, and practices were estimated by means of a prevalidated questionnaire. The periodontal status, in terms of modified gingival index (MGI) and modified Community Periodontal Index (M-CPI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL), was estimated pre- and post-video counseling. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used to compare scores. Results: The MGI scores were comparatively higher among Group T when compared to groups M and F before (1.72 ± 0.8) and after (0.93 ± 0.9) the video intervention ( P < 0.005). The bleeding component of M-CPI, was highest in group F (23.35), followed by group T (21.8) and group M (19.71). The CAL comparisons were in the order of M > T > F while PPD followed F > T > M. Conclusion: The periodontal disease was marginally high among females, while the oral hygiene-related knowledge, attitude, and practices were observed to be poor among them. Video-based education improved the periodontal status, oral hygiene related knowledge, attitude, and practices of all male, female, and transgender populations.
Characterization of string cavitation in large-scale Diesel nozzles with tapered holes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The cavitation structures formed inside enlarged transparent replicas of tapered Diesel valve covered orifice nozzles have been characterized using high speed imaging visualization. Cavitation images obtained at fixed needle lift and flow rate conditions have revealed that although the conical shape of the converging tapered holes suppresses the formation of geometric cavitation, forming at the entry to the cylindrical injection hole, string cavitation has been found to prevail, particularly at low needle lifts. Computational fluid dynamics simulations have shown that cavitation strings appear in areas where large-scale vortices develop. The vortical structures are mainly formed upstream of the injection holes due to the nonuniform flow distribution and persist also inside them. Cavitation strings have been frequently observed to link adjacent holes while inspection of identical real-size injectors has revealed cavitation erosion sites in the area of string cavitation development. Image postprocessing has allowed estimation of their frequency of appearance, lifetime, and size along the injection hole length, as function of cavitation and Reynolds numbers and needle lift.
The Mediation Effect of Leader Support in the Effect of Organizational Commitment on Job Satisfaction: A Research in the Turkish Textile Business

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Organizational commitment is a psychological concept that expresses the feelings of belonging and loyalty. Commitment and leader support can increase job satisfaction, but factors such as economic crises, epidemics, globalization increase socio-economic problems such as unemployment and productivity loss. In this context, leader support such as career development, information sharing, feedback and finding solutions to the problem may cause employees to feel valuable and to make effort. This research shows that a leader-manager is the person who not only maintains the current period but also understands employee behaviors and reactions. As an effect of this research, employees do not see their job as compulsory, but find it meaningful and consequently job satisfaction may increase. The purpose of this research is to examine the mediating effect of leader support in the effect of organizational commitment on job satisfaction. For this purpose, a questionnaire was completed by 126 blue-collar workers (N = 150) in textile company in Istanbul. In the analysis of research data, SPSS 21 statistical software and multiple regression method were used. As a result of the research, the mediating role of leader support in the effect of organizational commitment on job satisfaction has been determined. This research, is based on neo-classical management approach, contributes to the scientific management literature and human resources managers in order to increase the productivity of business and employee in cooperation with leaders and employees.
ChemInform Abstract: First Observation of a C‐CN Bond Cleavage During the Reduction of a Nitrile with LiAlH4: A SET Reaction?

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.