jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Marine Textiles and Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter summarizes characteristics of some raw materials and fabrics which can be used for marine textiles. Materials used in marine products are generally classified into three groups, namely: reinforcement materials, resin materials, and core materials. Sustainability and ecological aspects are now important issues in the field of material development. Based on the analysis of different information obtained, composite materials would be a trend for developing sustainable marine textiles. Owing to the formability of the composite materials, one can design them for suiting different purposes, according to their end use. For the purpose of protecting humans against injuries from marine environment and disasters, materials for marine applications are finished with advanced technologies and evaluated against strict standards. The use of reinforcement materials enables the building of bigger, lighter, and stronger ships, making it safer for people to work at sea.
Neck circumference as a predictor of obesity and overweight in rural central India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Neck circumference is a simple screening measure for identifying overweight and obese patients. The present study is planned to determine if NC is a valid measure of obesity in rural Indian population. Aims: To determine whether a single measure of NC might be used to identify overweight patients and to define NC cutoff levels for overweight and obesity according to existing BMI cutoff levels. Settings and Design: A prospective cross-sectional study from rural medical college at Wardha in central India. Materials and Methods: Main indicators included NC, weight, and height and body mass index according to WHO guidelines. Statistical Analysis: Chi squire test (dichotomous) and t test (continuous) had been done while making these comparisons using statistical software STATA 10.0. Results: Pearson's correlation coefficients indicated a significant association between changes in NC and changes in body mass index. In men, BMI correlated positively with NC (Corr.coeff = 0.59, p 25 kg/m2 was 0.89 for men, 0.91 for women, respectively. NC ≥ 38 cm for men and ≥ 34.7 cm for women were the best cut-off points for determining subjects with overweight. Conclusion: NC measurement is a simple and time-saving screening measure that can be used to identify overweight and obese patients. Patients with NC >36.6 cm for men and >32.1 cm for women require additional evaluation of overweight or obesity status.
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS IN A 3-MONTH-OLD INFANT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 3-month-old infant with intractable heart failure who underwent a successful primary physiological correction is presented in this report.The operation was performed using a cardioplumonary bypass with deep hypothermia and cold potassium cardioplegic solution. Rastelli's procedure was carried out using a 12 mm heterograft valved conduit (Carpentier-Edwards). In order to accommodate the size of the pulmonary artery to the graft, pulmonary artery widening with an autogenous pericardium was carried out.Postoperative hemodynamic results were satisfactory. Angiographic studies demonstrated excellent anastomosis between the conduit and pulmonary artery, and satisfactory valvular function of the graft. The pressure gradient across the valved conduit was estimated to be 21 torr, within the acceptable range, by Doppler echocardiogram.In order to reduce the increased risk of pulmonary vascular disease in the truncus arteriosus, a primary correction should be performed in early infancy.
The utilization of wood ash as manure to reduce the use of mineral fertilizer for improved performance of maize (Zea mays L.) as measured in the chlorophyll content and grain yield

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The increasingly high cost of mineral fertilizers and a preferred economic disposal of wood ash had necessitated a research in the use of wood ash to reduce the rate of fertilizer application for maize production. The comparative effects of wood ash and NPK 15-15-15 on maize were investigated in Akure (7015’N, 5015’E), Nigeria in 2008. The four treatments investigated were 4 t/ha wood ash, 300 kg/ha NPK 15-15-15, 200 kg/ha NPK 15-15-15 plus 2 t/ha wood ash mixture and a control plot without manure; while the land preparation was ploughed and harrowed once. Downy mildew resistant (DMR) open pollinated maize variety was planted at 60 × 30 cm in a randomized complete block experiment replicated four times, and the manure was applied in a ring at 10 cm from the maize plant. Pre-treatment soil analysis that entailed taking soil samples before the application of manure was carried out. Two maize crops were investigated and the means of data were computed for comparisons across treatments. The total leaf area per plant, leaf area index and the chlorophyll content were correlated to the grain yield. The profitable response was computed to confirm the economic viability. The chlorophyll content and the grain yield were significantly high in 200 kg/ha NPK 15-15-15 + 2 t/ha wood ash mixture and in 300 kg/ha NPK 15-15-15 compared to other treatments. Corresponding higher net revenues were also obtained which confirmed a mixture of wood ash and inorganic mineral fertilizers to be a suitable agronomic practice for profitable maize production.

Key words: Wood ash, mineral fertilizers, chlorophyll content, maize grain yield.
The intrinsic luminosity function and evolution of highly beamed active galactic nuclei

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The apparent luminosity and redshift distributions called “luminosity functions” (LF) of highly beamed extragalactic radio sources (blazars) are affected by observational biases, among which Doppler boosting plays an important role. In this work we determine the radio LF of the parent population of core-selected blazars from the MOJAVE (Monitoring O f Jets in Active galactic nuclei with VLBA Experiments) sample by fitting a Doppler boosted model LF to the data. The approach adopted in this work is different from previous studies since it does not make an assumption about the parent population of quasars and blazars, and was possible only with the advent of the statistically complete core-selected samples of active galactic nuclei (AGN), the MOJAVE sample being the first of its kind in this category. We find that the previously proposed forms of evolution of the LF do not provide a good fit without a modification that removes a predicted large spike in the redshift distribution of quasars at small redshifts in the case of steep luminosity distributions. We compare the space densities derived from the MOJAVE LF with previous estimates from the analysis of Fanaroff-Riley type II galaxies and X-ray selected AGN. We find that a good agreement can be obtained if a higher value of the lower luminosity than the one obtained in this work is used for computation of the space densities. We conclude that this is likely due to a break in the parent LF below the luminosity range of the MOJAVE survey. A fainter sample is necessary to reliably determine the LF at lower luminosities. We also show that the biases associated with binning can produce breaks in the observed binned LFs that can mimic luminosity evolution and also prompt the use of incorrect model functions. We propose a different method of constructing the binned LFs that avoids these spurious breaks. We also show that the commonly used banded V/Vmax test can mimic the effect of luminosity dependent evolution even when the underlying evolution is luminosity-independent and therefore should not be used to detect luminosity dependence of evolution without a modification described in this work.
Diameter Modulation of Vertically Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate wide-range diameter modulation of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using a wet chemistry prepared catalyst. In order to ensure compatibility to electronic applications, the current minimum mean diameter of 2 nm for vertically aligned SWNTs is challenged. The mean diameter is decreased to about 1.4 nm by reducing Co catalyst concentrations to 1/100 or by increasing Mo catalyst concentrations by five times. We also propose a novel spectral analysis method that allows one to distinguish absorbance contributions from the upper, middle, and lower parts of a nanotube array. We use this method to quantitatively characterize the slight diameter change observed along the array height. On the basis of further investigation of the array and catalyst particles, we conclude that catalyst aggregationrather than Ostwald ripeningdominates the growth of metal particles.
REFLICS: real-time flow imaging and classification system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present the real-time flow imaging and classification system (REFLICS), a real-time machine vision system for detecting and classifying pelagic fish eggs (e.g. sardine, anchovy) flowing through a shipboard pumping and filtering system. REFLICS images the dynamic flow with a progressive-scan area camera and a synchronized backlight strobe. Digitization and processing occur on a dual processor Pentium II PC and a pipeline image processing board. REFLICS first uses a segmentation algorithm to locate fish egg-like objects in the image and then a classifier to determine fish eggs, species and development stages (ages). We present the integrated system design of REFLICS and performance results. REFLICS can perform in 60 Hz real-time, classify fish eggs with low false negative rates on data collected from real cruises, and work in harsh conditions aboard ships at sea. REFLICS allows more accurate and timely survey of fish stock in a cost-effective manner.
Phone-based audience response system as an adjunct in orthodontic teaching of undergraduate dental students: a cross-over randomised controlled trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: The advent of electronic teaching facilities improves tutor-student communication. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of Phone-Based Audience Response System (PB-ARS), as an adjunctive pedagogy tool to enhance the retention of orthodontic information by dental students; and to explore the students’ perception of PB-ARS. Methods: This cross-over clustered randomised control trial included 34 males who were in the final year of their undergraduate dental training. Participants were allocated to one of two event groups (G1 and G2) using computer-generated randomisation. Both groups simultaneously attended two different traditional lectures (L 1 and L2) a week apart. During L1, PB-ARS was used as an adjunct to conventional presentation to teach G1 participants, (PB-ARS group) while G2’s participants acted as a control group (CG), and were taught using a traditional presentation. In the second week (L2), the interventions were crossed-over. Participants from both groups completed pre- and post-lecture multiple-choice questionnaires (MCQ) to assess their short-term retention of information. Their performance in the final MCQ exam (10 weeks following L2) was tracked to assess the long-term retention of the information. Participants also completed post-lecture questionnaires to evaluate their perceptions. Results : 29 and 31 participants from the CG and PB-ARS group completed this trial, respectively. Although 87.5% of students in the PB-ARS group showed an improvement in their immediate post-lecture scores compared with 79.3% for the CG, it was statistically insignificant (p= 0.465). Similarly, the intervention showed an insignificant effect on the long-term retention of the knowledge (p=0.560).There was a mildly but favourable attitude of students towards the use of PB-ARS. However, the difference in the overall level of satisfaction between both groups was statistically insignificant (p=0.183). Conclusion : PB-ARS has a minimal and insignificant effect on the short- and long-term retention of orthodontic knowledge by male undergraduate dental students. PB-ARS was the preferred adjunct tool to conventional classroom teaching. Due to the limitations of this trial, a long-term randomised controlled trial with a larger sample size is recommended.
An appraisal of the process of protocol review by an ethics review conmmittee in a tertiary institution in Ibadan.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

It is a well established norm that biomedical research involving human participants must conform to acceptable scientific principles and international codes of research ethics. The University of Ibadan/University College Hospital Health Research Ethics Committee (UI/UCH HREC) is the body that plays an oversight role and performs the function of a third party independent review of research protocols submitted by staff and students of the two institutions. A 6-year (2002-2007) retrospective audit of the protocols submitted to the HREC was performed to determine the profile of the lead investigator, sources of funding for the research and the duration for review using a 25 item questionnaire. A total of 752 protocols were submitted, 618 protocols (82%) were approved while 38 protocols were not approved. The principal investigators were mainly postgraduate students (67.1%) while academic staff constituted 21.3%. The average time from submission to approval was approximately 21 weeks (95% CI: 20-23 weeks). The period from submission to approval is significantly affected by the number of revision required and the funding agent (p < 0.05); it took a shorter time to review internationally funded research.
Modified Variational Mode Decomposition for Power Line Interference Removal in ECG Signals

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Power line interferences (PLI) occurring at 50/60 Hz can corrupt the biomedical recordings like ECG signals and which leads to an improper diagnosis of disease conditions. Proper interference cancellation techniques are therefore required for the removal of these power line disturbances from biomedical recordings. The non-linear time varying characteristics of biomedical signals make the<strong> </strong>interference removal a difficult task without compromising the actual signal characteristics. In this paper, a modified variational mode decomposition based approach is proposed for PLI removal from the ECG signals. In this approach, the central frequency of an intrinsic mode function is fixed corresponding to the normalized power line disturbance frequency. The experimental results show that the PLI interference is exactly captured both in magnitude and phase and are removed. The proposed approach is experimented with ECG signal records from MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database and compared with traditional notch filtering.
The Rationale of Using the Rhomboid Fasciocutaneous Transposition Flap for the Radical Cure of Pilonidal Sinus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A simple, safe technique for complete excision of pilonidal pathology and immediate fasciocutaneous rhomboid flap closure is presented. Twenty‐five patients were treated. All wounds healed by first intention, with no patient remaining in the hospital for more than 10 days. Earlier cases were followed up for 2 years. No recurrence has yet been encountered.
Outcomes and Indications of Mini Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Zagazig University Hospitals Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PCNL is a well-established treatment option for patients with large and complex renal calculi. In order to decrease morbidity associated with larger instruments like blood loss, postoperative pain and potential renal damage. A modification of the technique of standard PCNL has been developed. This is performed with a miniature endoscope via a small percutaneous tract (11
Stay Useful, Stay Relevant: Singapore's Institutional Diplomacy toward China's Belt and Road Initiative

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Since China unveiled the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013, few Southeast Asian countries have responded as potently as Singapore. Singapore's distinctive approach toward China is marked by carving out institutional niches within the broad blueprint of the BRI. This strategy is largely in line with the city-state's longstanding foreign policy tradition of making itself useful and relevant from the perspective of major powers. After elaborating on the historical evolution of Sino-Singaporean economic cooperation, I focus on three prominent manifestations of Singapore's institutional diplomacy toward the BRI and Chinese capital more generally, i.e., the establishment of "Infrastructure Asia", forging institutionalized legal partnership deputed to resolve disputes arising from BRI projects, and building a structured management approach to advance connectivity projects in Chongqing. Since Singapore opts for a soft and forward engagement strategy, the BRI has not caused organized local opposition.
Middle School Students’ Perceptions About Good Teaching

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Teaching in the contemporary period seems to be a challenge for some teachers. Easy access to varied information as well as the preoccupation for the virtual environment of communication make todays students a generation, called the digital or Y generation, with its specific peculiarities. There are opinions that teachers complain about the non-involvement of students in their own education, their lack of motivation or the lack of a real partnership between family and school. However, this study comes to prove the opposite. Students want to learn, want to be successful in learning, and also have a clear picture of the type of teacher that can help them excel. This research aims to investigate the perceptions of preadolescents concerning the skills that an accomplished teacher has to possess. This transversal study is based on a nonexperimental, qualitative design. The research was conducted between February and March 2018, using semi-structured interviews. The obtained answers revealed that students are not indifferent to learning. The vast majority of students desire to succeed, to self-indulge. Students highly value the teacher who explains the new content so that everyone understands, who is attentive to students feedback, to their non-verbal expressions. They value positively teachers who transmits self-confidence, have a correct diction, master the pedagogical skills specific to the constructivist approach, but who pays attention to the management strategies of the student group.
Gynaecology and Early Pregnancy Ultrasound

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ultrasound (US) is used as the first-line imaging modality for many obstetric and gynaecological (O&G) conditions. It is the perfect tool for general clinicians to narrow down broad differential diagnoses and can identify key pathology in emergency situations. This is a critical skill for clinicians in all fields including general practitioners, remote medical providers, paramedics and emergency or acute care clinicians.
The mitochondrial genome of the Yellowtail Snapper Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch, 1791) (Perciformes: Lutjanidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The yellowtail snapper Ocyurus chrysurus Bloch, 1791 (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) is targeted by recreational or commercial fisheries across much of its range in the western Atlantic Ocean, from Massachusetts, USA, to São Paulo, Brazil. Genomic resources to support conservation of this species are needed. Here, we assembled, annotated and characterised in detail the mitochondrial genome of O. chrysurus. The mitochondrial genome of O. chrysurus is 16,502 bp in length and encodes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA). The putative control region, 827 bp in length, is located between the tRNA P and tRNA F genes. Most genes are encoded on the positive strand, while a single PCG (nad6) and six tRNA genes (in order from 5′ to 3′: tRNA N, tRNA P, tRNA E, tRNA Q, tRNA C and tRNA Y) are encoded on the negative strand. All tRNA have a typical ‘cloverleaf’ secondary structure except tRNA S1 (Serine1) that lacks the D arm. Calculated Ka/Ks values of all PCGs were <1, suggesting that these genes are under purifying selection. A maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis confirmed monophyly of the family Lutjanidae and indicated that the genus Lutjanus is paraphyletic given that O. chrysurus clustered together with Lutjanus peru and L. guttatus in a strongly supported clade. Data published herein will inform conservation and management strategies for this fished snapper.
Button battery ingestion in children: An emerging hazard

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Button battery ingestion is an emerging hazard. In this retrospective study, we report six cases of lithium button battery ingestion in pediatric age group (mean age 2.8 years). Three button batteries were removed from stomach and three from esophagus. Esophageal site was associated with significant local injury, and one button battery was impacted in the esophagus, requiring rigid esophagoscopy for removal. Small battery size, used batteries, and early removal (<12 h after ingestion) were associated with lesser mucosal injury. No long-term complications were noted. Our study emphasizes that early diagnosis and urgent removal of ingested button battery are the only measures which prevent complications.
Recepcja poezji Wisławy Szymborskiej w Korei  – część druga

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The author of this article published her first article on the reception of Wisława Szym­borska’s poetry in South Korea in Pamiętnik Literacki in 2014. The previous article aimed at analysing the reactions of writers, poets, artists, critics and readers to the volume The End and the Beginning, which was translated into Korean in 2007. In this article the author continues her research on the reception of Szymborska’s poetry in South Korea. This time she presents the reaction of the Korean media and selected critics on another poetic volume of the Polish Nobel Prize Winner translated into Korean: Enough.
Detection of Lipid-Linked Peptidoglycan Precursors by Exploiting an Unexpected Transpeptidase Reaction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are involved in the synthesis and remodeling of bacterial peptidoglycan (PG). Staphylococcus aureus expresses four PBPs. Genetic studies in S. aureus have implicated PBP4 in the formation of highly cross-linked PG, but biochemical studies have not reached a consensus on its primary enzymatic activity. Using synthetic Lipid II, we show here that PBP4 preferentially acts as a transpeptidase (TP) in vitro. Moreover, it is the PBP primarily responsible for incorporating exogenous d-amino acids into cellular PG, implying that it also has TP activity in vivo. Notably, PBP4 efficiently exchanges d-amino acids not only into PG polymers but also into the PG monomers Lipid I and Lipid II. This is the first demonstration that any TP domain of a PBP can activate the PG monomer building blocks. Exploiting the promiscuous TP activity of PBP4, we developed a simple, highly sensitive assay to detect cellular pools of lipid-linked PG precursors, which are of notoriously low abundance. This method, which addresses a longstanding problem, is useful for assessing how genetic and pharmacological perturbations affect precursor levels, and may facilitate studies to elucidate antibiotic mechanism of action.