jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Management of clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) on canola (Brassica napus) in western Canada

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, has emerged as a serious disease threatening the canola production industry in western Canada. This review summarizes results from studies, conducted since 2007, on the development of effective strategies for the management of clubroot in canola. Several options have been proposed for the control of this disease in infested fields, including liming the soil to increase soil pH, crop rotation with non-hosts and bait crops, manipulating the sowing date, sanitization of farm equipment, and the deployment of resistant cultivars, all aimed at reducing the severity of infection. Research began by assessing existing clubroot treatments, originally developed for the cole crop vegetable industry, for their applicability to canola production systems. Although these treatments provide good levels of clubroot reduction for the intensive production of short-season brassica vegetables, most are not economically feasible for the large-scale production of canola, which requires protection over a greater field acreage. Genetic resistance to P. brassicae has been shown to be a practical option for the management of clubroot on canola, but resistance stewardship, coupled with crop rotation and appropriate cultural practices, will be required to maintain the performance and durability of genetic resistance. Pathogen resting spores can be disseminated on infested soil carried on both machinery and seed. Efforts to minimize spread of the pathogen between canola fields have focused largely on the sanitization of field equipment and seed.
Treatment pathways in an inception lupus cohort over the first three years

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The treatment algorithm for new onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is less well defined than for other rheumatic diseases. We examined the treatment patterns in an inception cohort of SLE patients over the first three years of disease between 2000 and 2010. Methods Patients fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for SLE within 12 months of enrollment and completed three subsequent annual visits. Data collection included patient demographics, SLE manifestations, medications, SLE disease activity index-2K (SLEDAI-2K) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index. Analysis included descriptive statistics and repeated measures mixed models. Results Seventy-nine patients, 83.5% female and 91.1% Caucasian were studied. At baseline the mean (SD) age was 40.6 (16.4) years, disease duration was 0.36 (0.28) years and SLEDAI-2K was 5.7 (4.6). Over three years, cumulative use of corticosteroids, antimalarials and immunosuppressants was 53.2%, 77.2% and 40.5% respectively. Corticosteroids were usually used in combination with antimalarials and/or immunosuppressants. Between baseline and final assessments the use of corticosteroids fell (44.3% vs 15.2%) in contrast to antimalarials (55.7% vs 70.9%) and immunosuppressants (26.6% vs 34.2%). Of 44/79 (55.7%) patients not receiving corticosteroids at baseline 84.1% remained off corticosteroids for the study duration. Thirty-seven of 79 (46.8%) patients never received corticosteroids and only 5/79 (6.3%) at all four assessments. Patients taking corticosteroids at baseline had higher mean (SD) daily dose and cumulative dose over three years compared with patients not on corticosteroids at baseline (9.0 (0.8) vs 0.3 (1.3) mg; 10.8 (8.5) vs 0.3 (1.2) g). As a group, SLE patients who used corticosteroids either at baseline, at any time in the three year study or in high cumulative doses had the highest average disease activity scores over the same time frame and had a significant fall in SLEDAI-2K scores ( p < 0.05) compared with patients not exposed to corticosteroids. Conclusion Use of corticosteroids occurred in approximately half of new onset SLE, usually in combination with antimalarials and/or immunosuppressants. It was associated with both higher disease activity at baseline and improvement over time. Patients who did not receive corticosteroids at presentation were unlikely to do so over the next three years.
A phase I/II study of systemic ADH-1 in combination with isolated limb infusion with melphalan (ILI-M) in patients (pts) with locally advanced in-transit melanoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

9013 Background: ILI-M is a well tolerated treatment for pts with in-transit melanoma of the extremity with a 30% CR rate in our own cohort of 50 previously treated pts. ADH-1 is a cyclic pentapeptide that targets N-cadherin adhesion complexes. In a preclinical model of melanoma treatment with ILI-M, the combination of systemic ADH-1 and regional melphalan resulted in a synergistic increase in durable CRs. Methods: A phase I/II study was performed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and anti-tumor activity of systemic ADH-1 in combination with ILI-M in pts with measurable in-transit melanoma of the extremity. The inital phase I study consisted of ADH-1 dose escalation cohorts of 3 pts each at 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 gm administered systemically on Days 1 (6–8 hr pre ILI-M) and 8 in combination with standard dose ILI-M corrected for ideal body weight. The phase II study expanded the 4.0 gm ADH-1 cohort to 25 pts. N-cadherin IHC staining was performed on pretreatment tumor tissue. Response was defined at 3 months using RECIST criteria. Results: Eleven pts, including 6 previous ILI-M alone failures, have been treated with no observed dose limiting toxicities. Common treatment related grade 1/2 toxicities included pain (n=8), skin/dermatologic (n=11), musculoskeletal (n=4), and nausea (n=4). Grade 3 toxicities included neutropenia (n=1), anemia (n=1), and serologic CPK elevation (n=1). There was 1 Grade 4 CPK elevation. To date, in field responses of the 7 pts followed 3 months post treatment include 4 CRs (57%), 1 SD, and 2 PDs. Interestingly, the 2 pts with PD had tumors that were negative for N-cadherin by IHC. PK analysis demonstrated minimal variability in melphalan plasma levels across pts while ADH-1 plasma concentrations immediately pre-ILI-M increased with each dose cohort (mean=901 ng/mL at 1.0 gm, 1,985 ng/mL at 2.0 gm, and 11,491 ng/mL at 4.0gm.). Conclusions: Systemic ADH-1 administered pre and post ILI-M is a well tolerated, novel targeted therapeutic approach to regionally advanced melanoma. Tumor responses, especially CRs, exceeded expectations in this group of heavily pretreated pts and appear to require N-cadherin expression. Complete accrual to the study is expected by May 2008. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Adherex Technologies Adherex Technologies Adherex Technologies Adherex Technologies
A Computational Approach to the Real Option Management of Network Contracts for Natural Gas Pipeline Transport Capacity

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Commodity merchants use real option models to manage their operations. A central element of such a model is its underlying operating policy. We focus on network contracts for the transport capacity of natural gas pipelines, specific energy conversion assets. Practitioners commonly manage these contracts as portfolios of spread options. Although computationally fast, we show that this approach in general is heuristic because of the suboptimality of its operating policy. We propose a different computationally efficient real option approach based on an optimal operating policy, integrating linear optimization and Monte Carlo simulation. We use our approach to benchmark the spread option approach in a numerical study based on market data and realistic instances. We find that our approach can substantially improve on the contract valuations computed by the spread option approach, especially for contracts with flexibility in their allowed capacity usage. We also show that the optimal operating policy of contracts with this flexibility is of the greedy type, whereas the one of contracts without it in general is not. However, we observe that greedy optimization yields a near-optimal operating policy for the latter type of contracts with a substantially reduced computational effort. A version of our model was recently implemented by a major international energy trading company. Our model can also be employed to efficiently estimate the contract value sensitivities (the “Greeks”), which merchants use for financial hedging purposes. Potentially, our work has wider significance for the merchant management of other commodity conversion assets with payoffs determined by solving capacity constrained optimization models.
Eurasian 1C swine influenza A virus exhibits high pandemic risk traits

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACTRecent surveillance has identified an expansion of swine H1 1C influenza viruses in Eurasian swine. Since 2010, at least 21 spillover events of 1C virus into humans have been detected and three of these occurred from July to December of 2023. Pandemic risk assessment of H1 1C influenza virus revealed that individuals born after 1950 had limited cross-reactive antibodies, confirming that they are antigenically novel viruses. The 1C virus exhibited phenotypic signatures similar to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, including human receptor preference, productive replication in human airway cells, and robust environmental stability. Efficient inter- and intraspecies airborne transmission using the swine and ferret models was observed, including efficient airborne transmission to ferrets with pre-existing human seasonal H1N1 immunity. Together our data suggest H1 1C influenza virus poses a relatively high pandemic risk.
[Interaction of tamoxifen with cytosol estradiol receptors in myoma and histologically unchanged myometrium].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The relative binding affinity of nonsteroidal antiestrogen tamoxifen to the cytosol estradiol receptors of hyperplastic and unaltered myometria in patients with leiomyoma has been studied. Relative binding affinity of tamoxifen in tumor tissues exceeded one in normal myometrium.
Exporting, Education, and Wage Differentials between Foreign Multinationals and Local Plants in Indonesian and Malaysian Manufacturing

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

There is now substantial evidence that foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) often pay higher wages than corresponding local plants. This paper extends this research by asking whether MNE-local wage differentials depend on whether a plant exports or not. Mean, unconditional, MNE-local wage differentials tended to be somewhat smaller for exporters than for non-exporters in large samples of 11 manufacturing industries of Malaysia in 2000-2004 (31 vs. 44 percent) and Indonesia in 2006 (58 vs. 74 percent), and the gap was particularly conspicuous for Indonesia in 1996 (89 vs. 220 percent). Conditional MNE-local wage differentials that account for the influences of worker education and sex, as well as plant size and capital or energy intensity, on plant-level wages, were smaller but positive and highly significant statistically. Conditional differentials were also smaller for exporters Indonesia in 1996 (24 vs. 32 percent), but larger for exporters in Indonesia in 2006 (12 vs. 5.7 percent) and Malaysia in 2000-2004 (8.8-9.2 vs . 6.2-7.5 percent in pooled OLS estimates and 7.2-7.8 vs. 4.7-6.7 percent in random effects estimates). However, when estimated at the industry level, conditional differentials and were often insignificant, especially for Indonesia in 2006, and industry-level differentials were not clearly related to export status.
Organizational Learning and Sustainability: A Review of Adaptive Strategies of Indian Firms to Engage Gen Z Employees

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

As sustainability becomes a central focus in corporate strategy, Indian firms must cultivate organizational learning to effectively engage Generation Z (Gen Z) employeeswho prioritize purpose-driven work, ethical leadership, and environmental responsibility. This study conducts a systematic review to explore how Indian businesses integrate sustainability into their organizational learning frameworks to foster engagement and long-term commitment among Gen Z employees. Grounded in organizational learning theory, dynamic capabilities theory, and sustainable human resource management (HRM) frameworks, the study examines key dimensions such as green HRM practices, sustainability leadership, digital learning tools, and knowledge management systems that facilitate sustainability-driven organizational change. Findings indicate that Indian firms are increasingly leveraging continuous learning mechanisms, participatory decision-making models, and digital engagement strategies to embed sustainability into workplace culture. Furthermore, sustainability-oriented training programs, leadership development initiatives, and cross-functional collaboration play a crucial role in reinforcing sustainable business practices. However, challenges such as institutional inertia, generational differences in sustainability commitment, and regulatory inconsistencies hinder full-scale adoption. By synthesizing interdisciplinary insights from strategic management, organizational behavior, and HRM, this study provides actionable recommendations for firms to enhance sustainability-driven workforce engagement through adaptive learning frameworks. This research contributes to the broader discourse on corporate sustainability, talent management, and intergenerational workplace transformation in the Indian business environment, offering insights for both academic scholarship and industry practice.
Promising Practices for Providing Alternative Media to Postsecondary Students with Print Disabilities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

For postsecondary students with disabilities influencing reading performance, printed class materials pose a substantial barrier and have a negative impact on academic achievement. Digital technologies offer alternative ways of accessing print materials for students with print‐related disabilities. Alternative media is a broad term that encompasses a variety of formats into which printed text is converted. Alternative media, together with assistive computer technologies designed to read aloud the text, provide a means to access textual information and bypass the difficult reading process. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of model programs and pertinent research on the use of alternative media by postsecondary students with print disabilities; we will identify promising practices for students whose disabilities negatively influence reading performance.
Characteristics of Newly Discovered Amber from Phu Quoc, Vietnam

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The authors examine the gemological properties and commercial potential of a new source of amber, discovered in 2020 on the Vietnamese island of Phu Quoc.It is the only known amber locality in Vietnam so far.The Phu Quoc amber possesses reddish orange to orangy yellow hues and is transparent, with sizes up to 10 cm.The samples exhibited strong blue fluorescence under ultraviolet light (both long-wave and short-wave).Internally, they displayed disk-like inclusions and gas bubbles, but few botanical inclusions were found.Their characteristic FTIR peaks can be distinguished from those of amber found in other sources worldwide.Although amber from Phu Quoc is a recent discovery and has only been investigated in two small areas, its commercial potential is promising based on the samples' quality and the wide distribution of the host rock on the island. In Brief• Vietnamese amber was first discovered on the island of Phu Quoc in 2020.• The amber is characterized by strong blue fluorescence under UV lighting and weak green fluorescence under daylight-equivalent illumination.• Amber nodules were found in sandstone, accompanied by veins of black jet.The wide coverage of sandstone on the island suggests the possibility of additional discoveries.• Phu Quoc amber's gemological properties are relatively similar to those from other global sources, but it can be differentiated by FTIR spectroscopy.
Influence of Substrate Age on Oviposition Behavior of a Specialist Carrion Colonizer, Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The location and consumption of carrion by arthropods is a process that can be potentially distinguished temporally based on the makeup of the associated community. In fact, succession on carrion is a continuum of different generalist and specialist arthropods entering and leaving the system. Blow flies commonly associated with vertebrate remains are considered specialists due to their reliance on carrion as a source of food for offspring and protein for females. However, this specialization may come at a price; increased competition for resources and greater risk of local extinction. The present study examined the effects of the presence or absence of intraspecific colonization, carcass age, and exposure time on the colonization and oviposition responses of the specialist, primary colonizer, the secondary screw worm, Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Carcass age, exposure time, and colonization status significantly influenced the ovipositional response of C. macellaria. This species exhibited an oviposition preference for aged carcasses, with a tendency for higher oviposition after 8-h exposure time, but no preference between previously colonized or uncolonized carcasses. Mean egg hatch rate was also shown to be influenced by the aforementioned factors, with mean hatch rates varying between 81.26 and 90.97% across various treatments. These results provide insight into mechanisms driving succession on carrion, as well as highlight the variation observed in successional studies for the targeted species. Investigators relying on arthropod succession to indicate a time of colonization should proceed with caution in relying solely on the assumption primary colonizers only arrive and colonize fresh carrion.
Sex Differences in the Effect of Pronoun Type on Self-Construal

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Past studies showed that self-construal could be manipulated by the differences in language use; for example, the use of first-person singular pronouns in a sentence prime independent self-construal whereas first person plural pronouns prime interdependent selfconstrual. In addition, it has been demonstrated that women are more sensitive to such manipulations. In the current study, self-construal was manipulated by the use of “I” or “we” pronouns and it was investigated whether Turkish women are also more sensitive to such manipulations in pronoun types. The sample consisted of 155 university students. Participants were asked to state how much they agree with statements including either “I” or “we” as a personal pronoun. The results showed that, in general, women were more interdependent as compared to men, but there was no sex difference with regard to independence. Pronoun type alone did not influence self-construal, but it interacted with sex in predicting interdependent self-construal. Accordingly, the use of “we” as a pronoun increased interdependence only among women. The current study contributed to Turkish psychological literature by demonstrating that self-construal can be primed by manipulating pronoun types and women are more susceptible to such manipulations. Implications for future research were discussed.
Mathematical study of the biodegradation of xenobiotic polymers with experimental data introduced into analysis

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A mathematical model for a microbial depolymerization process is analyzed numerically in order to study the biodegradation of a xenobiotic polymer. The weight distribution of a polymer with respect to the molecular weight before and after cultivation of microorganisms are introduced into computational analysis. A time dependent degradation rate is determined by solving an inverse problem, and the transition of the weight distribution is simulated. The result shows that the mathematical model is practically appropriate, and the oxidation is the primary factor in the biodegradation of the polymer. The techniques that can be extended to cover the biodegradation of other polymers are illustrated.
Neuroendocrine, Autonomic, and Metabolic Responses to an Orexin Antagonist, Suvorexant, in Psychiatric Patients with Insomnia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroendocrine, autonomic, and metabolic system responses to suvorexant in psychiatric subjects with insomnia. Design: This prospective study was conducted in Kusatsu Hospital in Hiroshima, Japan and included 40 psychiatric inpatients treated with suvorexant from December 2014 to April 2016. Methods: Questionnaire of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores were checked at baseline, Week 2, and Week 4, and fasting serum levels of prolactin, insulin, cortisol, noradrenaline, white blood cell count, and average pulse rate were measured at baseline and Week 4 and Week 8 after suvorexant initiation. Sequential change of the values were compared against baseline respectively. Results: Subjective sleep quality scores were significantly decreased at Weeks 2 and 4, and sleep duration, habitual sleep efficacy, and global scores were significantly decreased at Week 4 from baseline. Total scores on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 significantly decreased at Week 4 from baseline. The levels of cortisol and white blood cell count were decreased, significantly at Week 8, and the levels of pulse rate were significantly decreased at Week 4 from baseline. The levels of noradrenaline decreased, although not significantly. The prolactin levels remained unchanged, and no trend was found in the insulin levels. Conclusion: Suvorexant treatment resulted in overall improvement in the quality of sleep and the severity of anxiety and depression. This dual orexin antagonist may be related to autonomic functions and neuroendocrine systems, especially in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in psychiatric subjects.
The Next Wave of Stroma-Targeting Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) forms a major barrier to therapy and immune surveillance. Elahi-Gedwillo and colleagues demonstrate that halofuginone has potent antifibrotic activity in PDA by directly inhibiting the activation of pancreatic stellate cells, thereby reducing the deposition of extracellular matrix components, including collagen and hyaluronic acid. As a result, halofuginone improves drug delivery and the infiltration of favorable immune cells such as immune-stimulatory myeloid cells and cytotoxic T cells. Despite recent controversies regarding targeting stroma in PDA, this study highlights that modifying the stroma of PDA remains an attractive strategy to improve the efficacy of therapy. See related article by Elahi-Gedwillo et al., p. 372