jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lower Bounds for Identifying Codes in some Infinite Grids

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An $r$-identifying code on a graph $G$ is a set $C\subset V(G)$ such that for every vertex in $V(G)$, the intersection of the radius-$r$ closed neighborhood with $C$ is nonempty and unique. On a finite graph, the density of a code is $|C|/|V(G)|$, which naturally extends to a definition of density in certain infinite graphs which are locally finite. We present new lower bounds for densities of codes for some small values of $r$ in both the square and hexagonal grids.
Tuition Rich, Mission Poor: Nonresident Enrollment Growth and the Socioeconomic and Racial Composition of Public Research Universities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many public research universities fail to enroll a critical mass of low-income and under-represented minority (URM) students. Though founded with a commitment to access, public research universities face pressure to increase tuition revenue and to recruit high-achieving students. These pressures create an incentive to recruit nonresident students, who tend to pay more tuition and score higher on admissions exams, but who also tend to be richer and are less likely be Black or Latino. This paper examines whether the growing share of nonresident students was associated with a declining share of low-income and URM students at public research universities. Institution-level panel models revealed that growth in the proportion of nonresident students was associated with a decline in the proportion of low-income students. This negative relationship was stronger at prestigious universities and at universities in high-poverty states. Growth in the proportion of nonresident students was also associated with a decline in the proportion of URM students. This negative relationship was stronger at prestigious universities, universities in states with large minority populations, and universities in states with affirmative action bans. These findings yield insights about the changing character of public research universities and have implications for the campus climate experienced by low-income and URM students.
AGE DISTRIBUTION OF OAK STANDS WITHIN THE LEFT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE, UKRAINE, BROKEN DOWN BY FOREST CATEGORIES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Oak forests perform essential environmental, protective, recreational and health-improving functions as well as meet the needs of the national economy in valuable wood both at the local and regional levels. To determine the regime of use and provide effective forest management in the oak forests, it is advisable to improve the age structure of these stands, taking into account their functionality, which is determined by their belonging to a certain forest category. The data of the last forest inventory (as of 2011) were the basis for the calculations. In total, about 70,000 survey plots in oak stands within the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe were analysed. The area of the investigated stands was 284,094 hectares. The area of oak stands in Ukrainian Left-Bank Forest-Steppe was divided according to forest categories and age groups based on forest surveying data using the inventory subcompartment database. It was found that that oak stands are mainly concentrated in recreational, health-improving and protective forests, and therefore fulfill important water conservation and soil protection functions as well as provide recreational, sanitary, hygienic, aesthetic and other environmental services. The age distribution of oak stands was revealed to be imbalanced in all forest categories, with a significant predominance of middle-aged and maturing stands. Also, a very large proportion of mature and overmature stands and a small proportion of young stands were identified. This specificity is an important reason for forestry interventions aimed at optimizing the age structure, in particular, for complex felling, including conversion felling, in middle-aged understocked stands within forests fulfilling nature protection, scientific, historic, cultural, recreational and protective functions. This will contribute to the gradual transformation of even-aged stands to uneven-aged mixed multi-storeyed ones. The composition and structure of such new stands will meet the necessary criteria for those close to natural forests
Hyperkinetic Seizures with Ictal Fear as Localizing Ictal Signs in MRI-Negative Medial Frontal Lobe Epilepsy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Hyperkinetic seizures are described as seizure onset in the frontal or temporal lobe. Additional localizing information is important for diagnostic workup and surgical therapy. We describe diagnostic workup and surgical outcomes in three patients with pharmacoresistant focal emotional seizures with hyperkinetic elements. Methods/Results High-resolution 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not reveal clear-cut lesions. Invasive video-electroencephalography (EEG) with depth electrodes along the cingulate sulcus (bilateral; patients 1 and 3), right; patient 2 provided congruent results for a circumscribed seizure onset zone within the medial frontal lobe (right: patients 1 and 2; left: patient 3). Topectomies were performed in all patients. Histopathology revealed a small focal cortical dysplasia in the three cases (focal cortical dysplasia [FCD] IIA: patient 1; FCD IIB: patients 2 and 3). All patients remained completely seizure-free since surgery (Engel 1A; follow-up: 9–28 months). Conclusion Ictal fear associated with hyperkinetic semiology points to a seizure-onset zone within the anteromedial frontal lobe (anterior cingulate gyrus). Ictal semiology is crucial for the placement of depth electrodes, especially in MRI-negative cases. These cases illustrate a clinical advantage to the new International League against Epilepsy (ILAE) seizure classification, emphasizing initial clinical symptoms.
Projected shifts in 21st century sardine distribution and catch in the California Current

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Predicting changes in the abundance and distribution of small pelagic fish species in response to anthropogenic climate forcing is of paramount importance due to the ecological and socioeconomic importance of these species, especially in Eastern boundary current upwelling regions. Coastal upwelling systems are notorious for the wide range of spatial (from local to basin) and temporal (from days to decades) scales influencing their physical and biogeochemical environments and, thus, forage fish habitat. Bridging those scales can be achieved by using high-resolution regional models that integrate global climate forcing downscaled from coarser resolution earth system models. Here, “end-to-end” projections for 21st century sardine population dynamics and catch in the California Current system (CCS) are generated by coupling three dynamically downscaled earth system model solutions to an individual-based fish model and an agent-based fishing fleet model. Simulated sardine population biomass during 2000-2100 exhibits primarily low frequency (decadal) variability, and a progressive poleward shift driven by thermal habitat preference. The magnitude of poleward displacement varies noticeably under lower and higher warming conditions (500 and 800 km, respectively). Following the redistribution of the sardine population, catch is projected to increase by 50-70% in the northern CCS and decrease by 30-70% in the southern and central CCS. However, the late-century increase in sardine abundance (and hence, catch) in the northern CCS exhibits a large ensemble spread and is not statistically identical across the three downscaled projections. Overall, the results illustrate the benefit of using dynamical downscaling from multiple earth system models as input to high-resolution regional end-to-end (“physics to fish”) models for projecting population responses of higher trophic organisms to global climate change.
Effectiveness of pelvic girdle exercise on pelvic girdle pain and specific activities among primigravida mothers attending antenatal OPD at selected hospitals, Salem

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A Study was done to assess the effectiveness of Pelvic girdle exercise on
Pelvic Girdle Pain and specific activities among primigravida mothers attending
antenatal OPD in selected hospitals, Salem.
A Quasi experimental pre-test and post-test control group design was adopted.
Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 primigravida
mothers with Pelvic Girdle Pain among which 30 were assigned to experimental
group and 30 were assigned to control group. Data was collected over a period of 4
weeks from 31.08.15 to 27.09.15. Pre-test was done for both experimental and control
groups by using Modified Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire and Patient Specific Functional
Scale. The researcher demonstrated Pelvic girdle exercise for 3-5 mothers for 30
minutes. After demonstration the mothers instructed to redemonstrate the exercise and
the investigator checked their performance also insisted to perform this exercise
program 2 times daily for a period of 2 weeks and a logbook was given to record the
exercise were performed in their home. Along with this experimental group received
a pamphlet which contains Pelvic girdle exercise and contact numbers of samples
collected for follow up. All the samples instructed to come at the end of 1st and 2nd
week of their antenatal visit after implementation of Pelvic girdle exercise and the
post test conducted by using same tools to assess the effectiveness of Pelvic girdle
exercise on Pelvic Girdle Pain and specific activities.
Data analysis done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result
showed that, in pretest majority of mothers had moderate pain in both experimental
and control group (66% & 73%) respectively, whereas in post test majority of the
experimental group mothers had mild pain in both post test- I (66%) and post test – II
(97%) and majority of the control group mothers had moderate pain (66%) in both
post test – I and post test – II respectively. In pretest the experimental group mothers
had mean Pelvic Girdle Pain score of 35.30±12.13 whereas in post test I & II mean
score was 22.33± 7.31 & 12.83± 5.33. The calculated ‘t’ values were 11.98 in post
test – I & 12.08 in post test-II which was highly significant at p
A Unified Approach to Korean Causal Connective -nikka

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the semantic-pragmatic functions of the Korean causal connective –nikka. It has been widely observed that because-clauses are ambiguous depending on the level of causation: propositional, epistemic, and speech-act level causations. (e.g. Sweetser 1990) Many researchers argue that Korean also has three level causations and the two Korean causal connectives, -nikka and –ese ‘because’, are used in different levels of causation: while the usage of –ese is restricted to a propositional level causation, -nikka can be used in epistemic or speech-act level causations, as well as propositional level causations. I argue, departing from previous analyses, that the three different levels of causation do not exist in Korean. Alternatively, I propose that a nikka-clause always targets a propositional argument. Under this point of view, it is assumed that a nikka-clause takes a mood marked phrase: [ϕ-nikka [Mood(φ)]. On the basis of this structure, I argue that the various function of the nikka-clause results from the different types of mood in the main clause.
Healthy living aspect in urban and rural school children through physical education learning

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<h2>Abstract</h2> <p><strong>Objectives:</strong> The study evaluates and compares the level of understanding of Healthy Living Aspect among the school-children residing in urban and rural areas, as an outcome of secondary-level physical education. <strong>Methods:</strong> For the study, 400 children (200 from rural areas and 200 from urban areas) studying in standard IX & X were selected to participate in the study. The standardized questionnaire of healthy living was used as a tool for the study. The quantitative data collected from the questionnaire were then analyzed and interpreted using the inferential t-test with a significance of p<0.05 standard deviation and mean, in accordance with the accomplishment analysis.<strong> Findings:</strong> The results of the study revealed that the urban children had a significantly better understanding of Healthy living than Rural with a performance of 17.512.17 and 15.972.28 respectively (t = 6.89, p<0.05). Further details of the test revealed that in Personal Health (t = 6.27, p<0.05), rural children had a significantly better performance with mean scores (6.66) as compared to urban children with mean scores (5.86), In Environmental Health (t = 13.35, p<0.05) and in Family Health (t = 5.98, p<0.05), urban students had significantly better performance with mean scores (5.93) & (5.72) respectively, as compared to rural children with mean scores (4.31) and (5.00) in Environmental Health and Family Health. In conclusion, it is evident from the results that place of residence had an impact on the understanding of Healthy living Aspect of Physical Education Subject. Also, the way of life, activity levels, food habits, and the facilities available, the day to day experiences and responsibilities to carry out play a significant role in the differences among children from different settings. <strong>Novelty:</strong> This questionnaire will help the physical educators to assess the students’ understanding regarding the healthy living aspect and plan their strategy or teaching pedagogy regarding health education through physical education.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Children; healthy living; lifestyle; rural; urban</p>
Data, Documentation and Display in Eighteenth–Century Investigations of Exeter Cathedral

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sam Smiles is Professor of Art History at the University of Plymouth. His books include The Image of Antiquity: Ancient Britain and the Romantic Imagination (Yale University Press, 1994) and Eye Witness: Artists and Visual Documentation in Britain, 1770–1830 (Ashgate, 2000). He wrote J.M.W. Turner (2000) for the Tate Gallery’s British Artists series and is currently working on a re–evaluation of Turner and his critical legacy. Antiquarian inquiries into mediaeval architecture developed new approaches in the eighteenth century. In England, empirical observation, drawing inferences from the built structure and its embellishments, was championed as a corrective to the authority of earlier written accounts. Starting in the middle decades of the eighteenth century, medievalist research was put on a new footing, with careful surveys and accurate drawings promoted as the means to recuperate the development of mediaeval building techniques and architectural style. The work done on Exeter Cathedral is an early example of this turn in antiquarian research. With two nationally important antiquarians serving successively as Deans, Charles Lyttleton and Jeremiah Milles, work on restoring and researching the cathedral was undertaken from the 1740s onwards. The Cathedral was also one of the first to be published by the Society of Antiquaries (1797), with important engravings after John Carter’s drawings, and essays by Charles Lyttleton and Sir Henry Englefield. The success of Lyttleton, especially, in overturning the received understanding of the Cathedral’s development is notable, but his terminological looseness and his respect for textual authority were to be challenged in their turn by Englefield. The clarification of the history of Exeter Cathedral can thus stand as an epitome of wider changes in method in antiquarian scholarship in the second half of the eighteenth century.
Continuous Propagation of Ehrlichia Sennetsu in Murine Macrophage Cell Cultures

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Ehrlichia sennetsu, the etiologic agent of human sennetsu rickettsiosis was successfully propagated in a continuous cell culture using murine cell lines P388D1 and Raw 264. Pleomorphic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies similar to Ehrlichia canis morulae were observed 3-4 days after second post-inoculation split. In the Raw 264 cell line E. sennetsu was not seen until the third passage. Relatively heavier infection was observed in P388D1 than in Raw cell line. The latter reached a maximum of 15% infection whereas P388D1 cell line attained saturation. Structural details of the organism were confirmed by electron microscopy. A unique rippled cell mass surrounding the plasma membrane was observed. Supernatants of cultures were shown to contain infectious organisms. The advantages of propagating E. sennetsu in continuous cell lines are discussed with respect to future physiochemical and immunochemical studies of this organism.
Effect of Elcatonin on Experimental Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The antiulcer action of elcatonin, an analogue of natural eel calcitonin, was compared with that of cimetidine, secretin and solcoseryl. Elcatonin (3 to 10 u/kg, s.c.) inhibited the development of gastric ulcers induced by pylorus ligation, water-immersion stress, aspirin and reserpine and duodenal ulcers induced by cysteamine in rats. Moreover, once daily injections of elcatonin (1 to 10 u/kg/day, s.c.) promoted the healing of acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcers not only in rats but in dogs. The healing effect persisted after the cessation of administrations. Cimetidine (30 to 100 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the development of gastric ulcers induced by water-immersion stress, aspirin and reserpine and duodenal ulcers induced by cysteamine in rats. However, once daily administrations of cimetidine (30 to 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) d>d not show significant effect on acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcers in rats. Secretin (30 to 100 u/kg, s.c.) inhibited the development of gastric ulcers induced by pylorus ligation, water-immersion stress, aspirin and reserpine in rats, but was not effective on cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers and acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcers in rats. Solcoseryl (2 ml/kg, s.c.) inhibited only the development of water-immersion stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats. These results suggest that elcatonin is different from these reference drugs in its properties of action on experimental ulcers. Mechanisms of the antiulcer action of elcatonin which has a superior effect on experimental ulcers are discussed.
Optimization Strategies for Relational Queries

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The main purpose of this work is to extend the processing capabilities of the optimizer of a relational DBMS in order to effectively include the treatment of disjunctive queries. To this aim two new strategies are presented, whose main features are based on the application of splitting techniques during the execution of the join operations. Their effectiveness is first shown by means of an example; then some comparisons with standard procedures are made, showing promising results. The inclusion of these techniques in the relational query processing environment requires a broader view of the evaluation phase, where more than one expression can now be present. A heuristic algorithm for the reduction of the number of candidate relational expressions is also proposed. © 1989 IEEE
Improving Transportation Resource Coordination for Multimodal Evacuation Planning

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In a large-scale urban evacuation necessitated by a disaster, many people can evacuate in their own automobiles, but evacuating individuals and families who do not have cars poses a great logistical challenge that many cities, counties, and states cannot overcome. Most emergency operations plans for large urbanized areas are insufficient in describing in specific and measurable terms how a major evacuation could be successfully conducted. This study systematically reviews the challenge of multimodal evacuation planning and presents a detailed literature review of published research and government documents to identify barriers to the enhancement of multimodal evacuation planning through the use of high-capacity vehicles to transport those who cannot evacuate on their own. Findings suggest that despite knowledge about multimodal transportation and the importance of integrating multimodalism into evacuation planning, most state and local governments do not apply the planning processes, training exercises, and resources necessary to evacuate households without automobiles. A research agenda for furthering multimodal evacuation planning is outlined, and recommendations are made for providing adequate multimodal transport during large-scale urban evacuations.
Theoretical Analysis on the Internationalization Strategy of Technological Innovation for the Chinese High-tech Enterprises

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Facing the demand on technological innovation at home and the pressure on technological monopolization abroad,Chinese high-tech enterprises should carry out internationalization strategy of technological innovation.The paper firstly discriminates the meaning and Criterion of Assessment of Chinese high-tech enterprises,and then defines the meaning and its manifestation of Technological Innovation Internationalization Strategy of the Chinese High-tech Enterprises.Finally, from the five aspects of eclectic theory,theory of small scale technology,theory on localized technological capacities,theory on industrial updating of technological innovation and resource-based view,the paper analyzes the theoretical basis and acting mechanisms of technological Innovation Internationalization Strategy of Chinese High-tech enterprises.
Single-ion anisotropy in a four-spin system: mixing of S-states

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A four-spin system with s=1 and the single-ion anisotropy, D∑ j [s jz ] 2 , is considered. When D≠0 the Hamiltonian of the system does not commute with S 2 and, therefore, S cannot be used as an additional label of energy levels. In this work we concentrate on the problem of mixing states with different total spins S. The Hamiltonian matrix is transformed to the symmetry-adapted basis (with subspaces labeled by the irreducible representations of the symmetry group) and next, after solving the eigenproblem for S 2, to the basis with vectors labeled by S. Each eigenproblem is solved exactly (at least numerically) and the eigenstates are expressed as ∑S a S ¦S〉. The coefficients aS are analyzed, especially for their D-dependence. Even in such a small system different schemes of level mixing can be observed.
[Unresolved questions on the diagnosis of hepatitis in donors].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinico-laboratory characteristics of liver lesions occurring in 64 immune donors of blood plasma of 0(1) group are presented. The diseases ran as subclinical, latent, anicteric forms of hepatitis, and only in 5 persons as acute icteric hepatitis. In 50% of the patients there were signs of the disease becoming chronic: long-term increase in the blood serum of the activity of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, variations in bilirubin levels. Certain unresolved and disputable problems of etiological diagnosis of hepatitis in plasma donors, especially in differentiation of autoimmune hepatitis and non-A-non-B hepatitis are discussed.