jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinical X-ray Diagnosis of Children Humeral Lateral Condyle Fracture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the Radiological representations of children humeral lateral condyle fracture and their relationship to complications and prognosis. Methods X-ray films of 21 cases of children humeral lateral condyle fracture were retrospectively analyzed. There were 17 boys and 4 girls with a mean age of 6 years (2 to 9). Fractures were observed in right arms in 16 cases and left arms in 5 cases. 11 cases were treated with external gypsum or splint fixation, the other 10 cases were treated with operative internal fixation. Results Flimsy fragments or triangle pieces of metaphysis were presented at lateral humerus in 19 cases (90.5%), which accompanied with broken humerus capitulum in 2 cases; fragments displaced outwards were presented in 10 cases and accompanied with circumgyrated and retroflexion in 6 cases. No displacement of fragments was found in 3 cases. Elbow swelling without remarkable fracture-line were observed in 2 cases, sign of elbow joint dropsy were shown in 12 cases; Ossification of lateral epicondyle epiphysis in advance were found in 3 cases. Conclusions The radiological findings of flimsy fragments and triangle pieces are very important characteristics in diagnosis of children humeral lateral condyle fracture.
The correlation between retinal microvascular changes by optical coherence tomography angiography and nailfold capillaroscopic findings in patients with systemic sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The nailfold capillary density measured by NFC positively correlates with the retinal VD measured by OCTA, suggesting that NFC could be a valuable marker for retinal vessel involvement in SSc patients. In addition, our results highlight the importance of combining OCTA with NFC for diagnosing and monitoring microvascular changes in SSc patients.
Design of Water and Fertilizer Measurement and Control System for Seedlings Soil Based on Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Water and fertilizer are two important factors in seedlings growth and development, the reasonable management of water and fertilizer can play a greater growth potential for seedling, and blind management of water and Fertilizer not only is harmful for seedling growth, but also will lead to the water resource waste and environmental pollution. In order to precisely determine the seedlings fertilizer demand, this paper presents a method seedlings fertilizer and water measurement and control system based on wireless sensor network, the system can realize automatic deployment of information acquisition node, data self-organization transfer, namely, wireless communication, and can accurately detect information of soil water and fertilizer and identify water and Fertilizer on the best demand of seedlings growth stages for different seedlings, different regions, different period of climate and seedling growth status, so the best water and fertilizer control is achieved in seedling cultivation. This system were introduced and analyzed from the hardware structure, software structure and so on in this paper, and it has the advantages of low power consumption, low cost, good robustness, flexibility and so on. The experiment results shown that the system is practical and efficient, which can be applied in farmland, and nursery area.
The “Glass of Milk” Subsidy Program and Malnutrition in Peru

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study of the Vaso de Leche ("Glass of Milk") feeding program in Peru looks for evidence that this in-kind transfer program aimed at young children furthers nutritional objectives. The study links public expenditure data with household survey data to substantiate the targeting and to model the determinants of nutritional outcomes. It confirms that the social transfer program targets poor households and households with low nutritional status. Nevertheless, the study fails to find econometric evidence that the nutritional objectives are being achieved.
Autism Research in Iran: A Scientometric Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Context: We aimed to conduct a scientometric study by investigating published papers of Iranian researchers on autistic disorders. Evidence Acquisition: We conducted a systematic review of the literature to retrieve all relevant studies on autism that are published by Iranian researchers. Seven databases were searched, of which three were local Iranian databases (Magiran, SID and Irandoc), and four were widely used English language databases (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest and PsycInfo). Bibliometric information of all papers was extracted. Results: Two hundred and six (95 Persian and 111 English) papers published between 1979 and 2015 were retrieved. Comparison between subject areas showed that non-pharmacological intervention and biological studies had the largest number with 64 and 61 papers, respectively. Among universities, Tehran University of Medical Sciences with 81 articles was most productive, and among the research centers, psychiatry and psychology research center (Tehran University of Medical Sciences) with 32 articles was the most productive research center. Conclusions: The trends of research in the field of autism among Iranian researchers have the same patterns as the global trends. However, some important topics, such as prevalence, causes, services, and life span issues and the infrastructures have been studied less and should be considered in future studies. Moreover, it was revealed that we are faced with shortness of sources for research in this field, and the policy makers should consider this problem. We need to conduct researches that take into account our inner context, and the subject and quality of the research should be given more importance than the number.
Use of Celestin tube for palliation of malignant oesophageal obstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Palliation of dysphagia due to malignant obstruction of the oesophagus by passage of the Celestin tube is described in 36 cases. Although there was a high initial mortality, this was most marked when the tube was used to palliate dysphagia due to enlarged posterior mediastinal glands. Satisfactory palliation was obtained in all but one patient, and four patients survived more than six months in relatively good health. Tracheo-oesophageal fistula responded particularly well to the use of the indwelling tube. Gastro-intestinal bleeding and would complications accounted for the main morbidity following the procedure.
SELECTING LITTER SIZE IN RABBITS : ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT STRATEGIES.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

[EN] A Family lndex and a reduced BLUP using \nrecords of two generations, have been comparad with a \nBLUP under a repeatabili!Y animal modal that usad ali \nrecords (complete BLUP). An analysis of robustness of the \nmethods to changas in genetic parameters was also carried \nout and four types of assortative mating were comparad with \nrandom mating through the ratio of expected responses per \nunit of time. Records of 18 and 14 generations of two lines of \nrabbits selected for litter size at weaning were usad, and the \nselection process was studied in generation 17, 18 of one \nline, and 13, 14 of the other. The two simplified methods \nwere practically the sama in our study with non overlapping \ngenerations and good balance between animals to be selected and fixed effects. The correlations between rankings \nand between genetic evaluations of matings or individuals of \na simplified method and the BLUP using all records ranged \nbetween 0.65 and 0.98. The coincidence ratio of selecled \nmatings is between 0.62 and 0.94, and the response loss \nratio l::ietween O and 0.17, being the average around 0.05 and \n0.06. The methods of selection revealed themselves as ve~ \nrobust. Finally, it was concluded that the only type of \nassortative mating that increased the response in relat1on to \nthe random mating was the one carried out early in the \nprocess of selection to obtain females, being the range of the \nratio of responses per unit of time 1.067-1. t97.
Health professionals' perceptions of complex feeding decision‐making in school‐aged children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim Whilst prevalence of paediatric feeding disorders is high amongst children in specialist schools, there is little guidance for professionals supporting families with a child feeding orally with established risk of aspiration. We sought perceptions of the complex feeding decision‐making process amongst health professionals supporting families in the specialist school setting in New Zealand. Methods An observational, cross‐sectional, national online survey of speech‐language therapists was followed by in‐depth interviews with seven health professionals associated with one specialist school. Results Survey responses from 32 speech‐language therapists showed inconsistency in assessment processes and how family, children and school staff are involved in feeding decisions, with 71% reporting a doctor had been involved. Respondents were not confident in their ability to predict aspiration risk, with 41% reporting that they could often determine risk, 41% sometimes and 16% never. Sixty‐three percent of respondents indicated that level of risk was written in a report for a child and 50% reported that every child at high risk had a management plan. Speech‐language therapists valued professional supervision, but it was not always available. Health professionals were broadly positive about the collaborative nature of decision‐making in most but not all situations. They described communication, access/institutional and emotional barriers to timely, shared decision‐making. Conclusion These findings demonstrate variability in how families are supported to make complex feeding decisions. Health professionals identified a need for clearer processes and strengthened communication between family, school and health professionals. Trusting relationships are critical if all families are to be well‐supported.
Assessment of Intracellular Delivery Potential of Novel Sustainable Poly(δ-decalactone)-Based Micelles

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Biodegradable polymers from renewable resources have attracted much attention in recent years within the biomedical field. Lately, poly(δ-decalactone) based copolymer micelles have emerged as a potential drug delivery carrier material as a sustainable alternative to fossil-based polymers. However, their intracellular drug delivery potential is not yet investigated and therefore, in this work, we report on the synthesis and cellular uptake efficiency of poly(δ-decalactone) based micelles with or without a targeting ligand. Folic acid was chosen as a model targeting ligand and Rhodamine B as a fluorescent tracer to demonstrate the straightforward functionalisation aspect of copolymers. The synthesis of block copolymers was accomplished by a combination of facile ring-opening polymerisation and click chemistry to retain the structure uniformity. The presence of folic acid on the surface of micelles with diameter ~150 nm upsurge the uptake efficiency by 1.6 fold on folate receptor overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells indicating the attainment of targeting using ligand functionality. The drug delivery capability of these carriers was ascertained by using docetaxel as a model drug, whereby the in vitro cytotoxicity of the drug was significantly increased after incorporation in micelles 48 h post incubation. We have also investigated the possible endocytosis route of non-targeted micelles and found that caveolae-mediated endocytosis was the preferred route of uptake. This work strengthens the prospect of using novel bio-based poly(δ-decalactone) micelles as efficient multifunctional drug delivery nanocarriers towards medical applications.
Chloroform fraction of Serratulaeï¿½chinensisï¿½S.ï¿½Moore suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis via the phosphatidylinositide 3‑kinase/Akt pathway in human gastric cancer cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The chloroform fraction of the folk Chinese medicine, Serratulae chinensis S. Moore (CSC) and its anti-inflammatory activity is well recognized. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial anticancer effects of CSC remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of CSC on the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells, as well as to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. The results from the present study demonstrated that CSC treatment inhibited SGC-7901 cell viability and survival in a dose- and/or time-dependent manner. CSC treatment further induced the apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells, characterized by distinct chromatin condensation and fragmented nuclear morphology. In addition, CSC treatment suppressed protein kinase-B (Akt) phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) expression in SGC-7901 cells, which in turn promoted cancer cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation. Furthermore, CSC treatment altered the expression pattern of several key target genes of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through the downregulation of Cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase-4 and B-cell lymphoma-2 and the upregulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein. Therefore, the results from the present study demonstrated that CSC suppressed cell survival and induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells, via targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Service Learning for Success – Three Cases at The University of Akron

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Service Learning is a form of education where students are assigned to participate in a variety of activities that combines what was learned in the classroom with community service projects. It requires knowledge, skills and passion from the faculty, students and community members that all work together in the real world. In recent years, service learning has been included in many academic disciplines throughout the United States. This paper examines three case studies to explain how service learning was designed for student success at The University of Akron.
Red valerian (Centranthus ruber L.): wild host of Cucumber mosaic virus in uncultivated areas of Campania region (Southern Italy)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In spring 2009‒2010, red valerian plants (Centranthus ruber L.) showing stunting, mild leaf vein mosaic, reduction in size of leaves and flowers and occasional deformation and reduction of the number of leaves, were observed in Campania (Southern Italy). The presence of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in the diseased plants was demonstrated by the reactions of test plants, electron microscopy, serology and RT-PCR. On the basis of highest identities and closest phylogenetic relationships, CMV from C. ruber was most closely related to CMV subgroup I A. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled by back-inoculating healthy C. ruber seedlings.
KAl(SO4)2.12H2O as a recyclable Lewis acid catalyst for synthesis of some new oxindoles in aqueous media

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Potassium aluminum sulfate (Alum) efficiently catalyses the electrophilic substitution reaction of indole and isatin in aqueous solution at room temperature and under microwave irradiation to afford the new corresponding bis(indol-3-yl)methanes (DIM) and the new corresponding oxindoles.
Energy and economic analysis using boil-off gas onboard liquefied natural gas tanker vessel

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanker vessel is operated to carry natural gas at cargo temperature of around -163°C. The containment system is designed to allow heat to escape into the cargo area. Around 0.15% of boil-off gas (BOG) is typically present in the cargo volume per day. Thus, the cargoes from the loading terminal are not fully delivered to the client due to the BOG phenomenon. This thesis looks into the utilization of BOG in the boiler. Modem marine boilers installed onboard the LNG carriers are capable of burning 100% BOG or heavy fuel oil (HFO). It can also use both BOG and HFO in a dual fuel burning operation. A Malaysia International Shipping Corporation (MISC) Berhad vessel which has operated for five voyages and has the same shared route of loading and discharge port was identified as a sample. The data main source was from the vessel's engine log book. The investigation is conducted by profiling the steam system onboard. On further analysis, the estimated fuel costs and operating characteristics of the facility were determined, focusing on evaluating the fuel to steam conversion efficiency of the boiler. It was found that during the laden voyage, more energy saving of BOG was obtained as compared to HFO in the range of 72.9% to 97.6% whilst in the ballast voyage, less BOG was obtained in the range of7% to 75.9%. The percentage energy saved varies whereby the percentage is high when vessel encountered shorter routes or purposely more BOG been utilized through forced boil-off method. The plant efficiency is about the same regardless of the type of fuel burnt in the boiler, whether it is burning combined BOG and HFO, 100% BOG or 100% HFO. The only difference is the amount of fuel burnt in the boiler. Hence, it is the owner best interest to decide which fuel to use that provides lesser fuel consumption and less cost.
LHD NB3arm #116601.15

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The neutral beam (NB) shine-through profile is routinely monitored on the Large Helical Device (LHD) both to calibrate the port-through power of the NB and to evaluate the NB-deposition power to LHD plasmas. The profile is measured with a calorimeter (CM) array on an armor plate of the NB counter wall inside the LHD vacuum vessel.
Better group decisions: using knowledge acquisition techniques to build richer decision models

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Existing group decision support systems used in meeting rooms can help teams reach decisions quickly and efficiently. However, the decision models used by these systems are inadequate for many types of problems. The authors describe their laboratory's experience with knowledge acquisition systems and decision support tools. Their studies led them to develop a comprehensive decision model for group decision support systems. This model combines current brainstorming-oriented methods, structured text argumentation (using the gIBIS model), repertory grids, possibility tables (morphological charts), and influence diagrams from decision analysis. Each component addresses weaknesses in current group decision support systems. The authors are assembling these components together into a group decision support workbench.< >
Genetics of divergence in the Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Differentiation, often leading to speciation, is common among island populations of birds. However, migratory species tend to differentiate less because increased movements often preclude the extended periods of allopatry thought to be required for speciation. This interaction of isolation and migration–gene flow is a complex issue in evolutionary biology. We examined the genetics of divergence in Northern Saw-whet Owls (Aegolius acadicus), in which a migratory form (A. a. acadicus) occurs during fall migration and winter, but not at other times of the year, in the range of a sedentary, island form (A. a. brooksi) on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia. We used 2,018 base pairs of mtDNA and genomic data from 405 amplified fragment-length polymorphisms to assess the population genetics and evolutionary history of these two subspecies. Both mtDNA and nuclear genomic markers showed significant divergence between these subspecies, and mtDNA gene flow between them was very low (<1 individual generation−1). These subspecies likely diverged in association with the Wisconsin glacial maximum, ∼16,000 yr BP. The refugial history of the region, life-history traits, and the maintenance of lineage integrity despite current contact suggest that this divergence occurred or is maintained through heteropatric differentiation, probably driven by a loss of migratory behavior in brooksi accompanied by local adaptations.
Virtual Globalization: An Experience for Engineering Students in the Education 4.0 Framework

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In February 2020 the World Economic Forum published its report on the characteristics of Education in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, of which several stand out for their relevant impact on engineering programs: (i) Global citizenship, building awareness about the wider world and playing an active role in the global community; (ii) Collaborative Learning, requiring peer collaboration and move close mirroring the future work; (iii) Innovation and Creativity Skills, including complex problem-solving and analytical thinking. In March 2020, the emergence of COVID-19 forced educational institutions to abruptly adopt social distancing and quarantine measures, making compliance with the Education Framework 4.0 much more challenging. However, these challenges led to new opportunities. The professors from two universities (separated by 9,500 km and 7 hours in the time zone) were discussing for some time how to make it possible to give students the opportunity to live international experiences within the Education 4.0 Framework. The result was a project of international cooperation, negotiation, leadership, empathy and broad perspective. The main questions that guided the foundations of this cooperation project were related to the specific problems that engineering schools had to face during the COVID crisis: How to meet the special requirements of courses with a Challenge-Based Learning approach? How to carry out the laboratory practices -normally included in some courses- in a collaborative remote learning way? How to compensate for the cancellation of the international exchange of students enrolled in engineering programs? The present study includes the methodology used for the selection of subjects in which cooperation would be established; the collaboration plan of the teachers involved; the design of the experiences for the realization of remote practices "hands on" (via VPN); the selection of the technological platforms that would best be adapted for the collaboration and exchange of material; and a description of how the didactic techniques and spaces for interaction were chosen at different levels (student-student, student-teacher and teacher-teacher). Finally, a brief summary of the preliminary results of the impact measurement is included - including the opinion surveys of the students and the grades obtained in the courses - and also an analysis of the future challenges (post-COVID collaboration).