jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE APPROPRIATENESS OF THE SITUATION AND ENVIRONMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES FOR ATTRACTING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In recent years, developing countries, including Arab countries, have sought to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) to their countries and have worked to prepare their local environment for attracting such investment. Foreign investments are an important source of external financing in these countries and an engine of economic growth through which to raise the productive capacities of the local economy. This new trend of Arab countries, including Iraq, The importance of the study lies in the fact that foreign direct investment is an economic phenomenon that represents the process of encouraging and protecting it as a manifestation of economic openness. The study has reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that FDI has an important role to play in supporting the economic growth of the host countries because of the administrative and regulatory expertise it provides, the transfer of modern technology and the stimulation of local competition.
Recognition of EEG patterns during mental intentions: a comparative study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recognition of specific oscillatory patterns in human electroencephalograms (EEGs) is an important problem that has attracted significant attention for creating brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Some of these patterns are easily identified by various numerical methods. However, it is much more difficult to recognize mental intentions that can be further transformed into control commands for hardware, and the choice of the appropriate numerical tool becomes very important. In this study, we compare several numerical methods applied to multichannel EEGs recorded in untrained volunteers who imagined arm and leg movements. We show that the quality of recognition varies between different methods and depends on the subject. We discuss the possibilities of reliable separation between imaginary movements of various types.
A case study of unusual etiology of anterior uveitis with ocular hypertension-iris metastasis of primary lung adenocarcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This is a case of anterior uveitis in a 50 year-old man caused by lung adenocarcinoma metastasis to the iris. The patient was initially worked up for pneumonia and was discovered to have multiple lung lesions on computed tomography scan. Prior to discharge, the patient began complaining of ocular redness, pain, photophobia and decreased visual acuity. The patient was given an initial diagnosis of anterior uveitis with uveitic glaucoma, which was later confirmed to be secondary to lung adenocarcinoma metastasis to the iris. Metastasis to the iris is a particularly rare cause of anterior uveitis and may inadvertently be left out of a physician's differential diagnosis. This case illustrates a rare, but clinically important cause of anterior uveitis with intraocular hypertension, which should be considered in all cases of ocular redness and pain.
Cultural translation of refugee trauma: Cultural idioms of distress among Somali refugees in displacement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Westernized approaches to mental health care often place limited emphasis on refugees’ own experiences and cultural explanations of symptoms and distress. In order to effectively assess community mental health needs and develop interventions grounded in local needs, mental health programs need to be informed by an understanding of cultural features of mental health, including cultural idioms of distress (CIDs). The current study aims to explore CIDs among Somali refugees displaced in Kenya to understand mental health needs in cultural context and serve the community in a culturally responsive and sensitive manner. This research was conducted as a two-phase qualitative study. First, key informant interviews with Somali mental health stakeholders generated a list of 7 common Somali CIDs: buufis, buqsanaan, welwel, murug, qaracan, jinn, and waali. Typologies of each CID were further explored through four focus group interviews with Somali community members. The findings from a template analysis revealed Somali lay beliefs on how trauma and daily stressors are experienced and discussed in the form of CIDs and how each term is utilized and understood in attributing symptoms to associated causes. This study highlights the need to incorporate colloquial terms in mental health assessment and to adopt a culturally relevant framework to encourage wider utilization of services and religious/spiritual support systems.
Chinese traditions and Western theories: influences on business leaders in China

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter concerns contemporary Chinese business leaders' management philosophies and the sources of these philosophies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirty-five successful business leaders from enterprises in China. Content-analyzing the interviews, we identified seven management philosophies held by these business leaders: sincerity is essential; pursuit of excellence; social responsibility; harmony is precious; the Golden Mean (acting in the middle way); specialization; and scientific management. We found that both Chinese cultural traditions and Western management theories influence Chinese business leaders' management philosophies and practices. While the Western management theories have great impact on their task-related operations, Chinese culture has a significant influence on their people management practices. These findings suggest that modern business administration education should balance Western theories and Chinese philosophies and integrate the wisdoms from the two streams.
Is The Complementarity Between Education And Financial Development A Panacea For Poverty Reduction?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper studied the effect of the complementarity between education expenditure and financial development on poverty in selected emerging markets using panel data analysis methods [fixed effects and pooled ordinary least squares (OLS)] with secondary data ranging from 1994 to 2014. Quite a number of separate empirical studies on education expenditure-poverty links and the financial development-poverty nexus have been conclusively done. In other words, the separate and individual positive role of financial development and educational investment in terms of contributing towards poverty reduction is no longer a contestable issue. What had so far not yet been explored according to the author's best knowledge is the impact of the complementarity between education expenditure and financial development on poverty. This follows an argument by Bonal (2007) which observed that certain conditions which includes financial development, among others should be present before education can be able to significantly reduce poverty. The closest empirical studies were done by Evans et al (2002), Guihong (2014) and Mobolaji (2010) on the influence of the interaction between human capital and financial development on economic growth. These three studies noted that economic growth positively and significantly responded to the interaction between human capital and financial development. The current study deviates from the above research work in that it explored the impact of the complementarity between education expenditure and financial development on poverty alleviation in selected emerging markets using conventional panel data analysis frameworks. Fixed effects shows that the interaction between education expenditure and financial development had a significant negative impact on poverty whereas pooled OLS results shows that the complementarity between education expenditure and financial development negatively but non-significantly influenced poverty. In summary, both panel data analysis methods found out that the complementarity between financial development and education expenditure reduced poverty in the selected emerging markets, consistent with literature. The implication of the study is that the emerging markets studied should not only spend more money towards education but also design and implement policies and programmes that are meant to further develop the financial sector in order to alleviate poverty.
Bioassessments to Detect Changes in Pacific Northwest River Fish Assemblages: A Malheur River Case Study

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program large-river assessment protocol was applied to assess the ecological condition, major stressors, and likely human disturbances of the mainstem Malheur River, OR. We used inflatable rafts to allow launching and retrieving from difficult access points and to sample river reaches inaccessible to most other boat types or wading crews, including areas with river obstacles such as rapids and small dams. Electrofishing twenty-four 1–2 km long reaches within the lower 150 km of the river during the summers of 2006 and 2007 revealed: (1) the absence of native mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni; (2) the presence of previously undocumented endemics, mountain sucker Catostomus platyrhynchus and leopard dace Rhinichthys falcatus; (3) the existence of previously undocumented aliens, flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris, tadpole madtom Noturus gyrinus, pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus, fathead minnow Pimephales promelas, and western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis; (4) possible range extensions into the main river by two alien basin-reservoir inhabitants, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and yellow perch Perca flavescens; and (5) index of biological integrity scores that declined from a high of 53 for an upstream site to 0.5 for a site 6 km from the river mouth. Regular standardized direct assessments of large-river fish assemblages can provide important information used to update river-basin management plans and inform water-resource managers.
Noninvasive Arterial Testing in Patients With Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This study was designed to compare the findings of noninvasive arterial testing in patients with and without diabetic foot pathology. Methods: The ABI (ankle brachial index), TBI (toe brachial index), and great toe pressures were measured in 207 patients. PAD (peripheral artery disease) was defined as an ABI < 0.91 on either extremity or a TBI < 0.7. Results: PAD was identified in 103 of the 207 patients (49.8%), 80 patients with diabetic foot pathology and 23 patients with nondiabetic foot pathology. Although patients with diabetic foot pathology were 1.4 times more likely to have PAD compared to patients without diabetic pathology, this increased risk was not statistically significant (OR 1.41 [95% CI 0.75-2.64], P = .28). Patients with PAD and diabetic foot pathology were 4.9 times more likely to have ischemia (toe pressure < 60 mm Hg) than patients with PAD and nondiabetic foot pathology (OR 4.93 [95% CI 1.35-17.94], P < .05). Patients on dialysis had a 7.3 times increased likelihood of having PAD compared to patients not on dialysis (OR 7.3 [95% CI 1.6-33.6], P < .01). Patients with absent pedal pulses were 4.9 more likely to have PAD than patients with normal pulses (OR 4.9 [95% CI 2.6-9.4], P < .0001). PAD was identified in 97 of 188 patients (51.6%) with peripheral neuropathy compared to 6 of 19 patients (31.5%) without peripheral neuropathy (OR 2.31 [95% CI 0.84-6.33], P = .10). Conclusions: Combining the ABI with TBI improved the ability to diagnose PAD in diabetic patients because the ABI has high specificity (low false positives) and the TBI has high sensitivity (low false negatives). The TBI was more reliable in patients with noncompressible arteries, medial artery calcinosis and/or neuropathy. Due to the relative incompressibility of calcified distal arteries in patients with DM, the ABI may be within normal limits in patients with PAD. This false negative result may lead surgeons to assume that normal perfusion is present. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.
Malignant Craniopharyngioma: The Effect of Radiation Therapy on Malignant Transformation and Chemotherapy on Survival

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Malignant craniopharyngioma is a rare tumor with few published case reports. It can form de novo or transform from a benign variant and is associated with a dismal survival rate. We reviewed the literature for all published cases and studied the effect of radiation on the rate of malignant transformation. We analyzed the effect of chemotherapy on survival.
The social impact : effects of social fillers and service provider control on service evaluations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The use of waiting-time fillers to manage consumers’ waiting time becomes increasingly prevalent as service providers worry about the negative repercussions of long waits. Another issue concerning wait management includes understanding how consumers may perceive a high degree of control by the service provider over the cause of the wait, and in turn lead to negative service evaluations. Extant literature has focused on related and unrelated fillers, with the social aspects largely ignored. Further, few empirical studies have examined the combined effects of filled time and service provider control on customers’ evaluation of service encounters. In addressing these gaps, this study is a pioneering effort in proposing the incorporation of social interactions into waiting-time fillers. The hypotheses are tested experimentally, employing a combination of written scenarios and video simulations to assess the main and interactive effects of social fillers and control attributions on service evaluations. Social fillers under conditions of high service provider control resulted in higher evaluation ratings, hence providing empirical support that social fillers may play a role in mitigating the effects of high service provider controllability. In light of these results, the study discusses managerial implications that can be applied to the service setting, such as the potential of social fillers as a tool in critical wait situations where consumers are likely to blame the service provider for the cause of the wait. These results also suggest promising avenues for further research, such as exploring the effectiveness of social fillers in other retail contexts such as those involving longer temporal duration. Extensive work in further refining social fillers will provide key managerial insights to better manage critical wait situations.
Coexistence in a Model of Competition in the Chemostat Incorporating Discrete Delays

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A model of two species competing for a single nutrient in the chemostat is proposed, incorporating general monotone uptake functions with discrete time delays. After transforming the model, an analysis of a submodel is given, showing that the equilibrium in the interior of the plane may change its stability as a function of a delay parameter, and lead to a Hopf bifurcation. Although a complete analysis of the stability of these periodic solutions cannot be obtained, numerical evidence suggests that the stability criteria are satisfied. A secondary bifurcation of the periodic solutions into the interior of the positive cone can be shown as an additional parameter is varied. Thus coexistence is possible when there are time delays, in cases where corresponding models with no time delays exhibit competitive exclusion.
Preservation of Eye in Carcinoma of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses – A Critical Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Tumor invasion into the orbit by carcinoma is well known and its negative impact on the survival and quality of life has been discussed in the literature. Methods: This article is a narrative review on the preservation of eye in the management of cancers of the nose and paranasal region. Conclusions: The clinical features and modern imaging can help in preoperative planning, aided by the intraoperative assessment in decision-making to preserve the eye or not. Unlike in the past, when even orbital periosteum involvement was considered for orbital sacrifice, more conservative approach has been advocated in recent years in view of anatomic, radiological, and histological studies. Limited involvement of the periorbita or even the small part of intraorbital fat may still be considered for the preservation of the eye in selected patients with frozen section control and without affecting the oncologic outcome.
The performance and energy consumption of embedded real-time operating systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present the modelling of embedded systems with SimBed, an execution-driven simulation testbed that measures the execution behavior and power consumption of embedded applications and RTOSs by executing them on an accurate architectural model of a microcontroller with simulated real-time stimuli. We briefly describe the simulation environment and present a study that compares three RTOSs: /spl mu/C/OS-II, a popular public-domain embedded real-time operating system; Echidna, a sophisticated, industrial-strength (commercial) RTOS; and NOS, a bare-bones multirate task scheduler reminiscent of typical "roll-your-own" RTOSs found in many commercial embedded systems. The microcontroller simulated in this study is the Motorola M-CORE processor: a low-power, 32-bit CPU core with 16-bit instructions, running at 20MHz. Our simulations show what happens when RTOSs are pushed beyond their limits and they depict situations in which unexpected interrupts or unaccounted-for task invocations disrupt timing, even when the CPU is lightly loaded. In general, there appears no clear winner in timing accuracy between preemptive systems and cooperative systems. The power-consumption measurements show that RTOS overhead is a factor of two to four higher than it needs to be, compared to the energy consumption of the minimal scheduler. In addition, poorly designed idle loops can cause the system to double its energy consumption-energy that could be saved by a simple hardware sleep mechanism.
CDF results on Zγ production

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Robert G. Wagner; CDF results on Zγ production. AIP Conf. Proc. 1 November 1995; 350 (1): 388–392. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.49323 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Postural Performance at Different Breathing Strategies in Patients with Limitation of Mobility.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We investigated the effect of different breathing strategies on postural performance in the patients with joint mobility limitations. The amplitude and velocity of thecenter-of-pressure movements in the frontal.and sagittal planes were measured by the force platform in48 healthy volunteers. The stability of vertical posture was estimated during normal breathing, inspiratory and expiratory breath holding and hyperventilation with immobilization of the neck, trunk, hip and knee joints, and without immobilization. In general, the restriction of mobility caused a reduction in the postural stability in the sagittal plane, while the frontalbody swayamplitude decreased. These results suggest that body immobilization reduces the ability to compensate the effect of respiration on the stability of vertical posture in the sagittal plane and, on the contrary, facilitatesthe balance in the frontal plane.
Thiourea-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrophosphonylation of Imines:  Practical Access to Enantiomerically Enriched α-Amino Phosphonic Acids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chiral thiourea 1b catalyzes the highly enantioselective hydrophosphonylation of a wide range of N-benzyl imines. The hydrophosphonylation products are readily deprotected by hydrogenolysis, providing access to free alpha-amino phosphonic acids in highly enantioenriched form.
Pragmatism as the foundation of cognitive enactivism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The current prevailing embodied cognitive science is essentially the result of the pragmatic turn of cognitive science, and enactivism is the epitome of this turn. For a long time, most advocates of enactivism have consciously regarded phenomenology as their important source of thought but ignored its pragmatic roots. In fact, there are many similarities between enactivism and pragmatism, and pragmatism has foreshadowed some core ideas and principles of enactivism. In particular, enactivism contains a pragmatic assumption that there is interaction between organisms and their environment, and cognitive ability is evolved and developed by organisms in the history of interactions with their environment. Their interpretations of cognition both rely on the theoretical support of biology and emphasize the basic role of organisms’ active capacities and environment in the formation of cognition. They hold a neutral monism position ontologically. Undoubtedly, pragmatism is the precursor of cognitive enactivism. Pragmatism not only provides rich conceptual resources for the development of enactivism, but also provides a unique perspective and method to solve some problems in its theory. Pragmatism is a rich mine for enactivists to further explore.
Adult ADHD: A Comprehensive Overview of Treatment Approaches

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions, affecting approximately 5% of school-aged children worldwide. Symptoms persist into adulthood in nearly 75% of cases, with adult ADHD prevalence estimated between 2% and 5% in recent studies [1]. Treatment aims to reduce the most debilitating symptoms: distractibility, difficulty sustaining attention, tendency to impulsiveness, forgetfulness, and disorganization.
Chamaeleo zeylanicus: Srinivasulu, C., Srinivasulu, B., Mohapatra, P., Shankar, G., Das, A., Murthy, B.H.C.K., Aengals, A. & Somaweera, R.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.
[Surgical treatment of gonarthrosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gonarthosis, a frequent complaint in women over 50, brings about changes in the knee which alter its macro and micro structure and are responsible for alteration of the anatomical axis of the lower limb. The most frequent consequence is knock-knee leading to overloading of the medial compartment and reduction of the internal interosseous space. Whereas in the initial forms symptomatic therapy is the treatment of choice, in severe and advanced cases with complete articular blockage arthroprosthesis is the alternative and in cases with minor limitations of joint movement the best results are obtained by osteotomy intended to restore the correct axis. In order to evaluate which of the surgical techniques available is the most appropriate, the authors analyzed 40 cases of tibial osteotomy performed between 1974 and 1984. On the basis of the results obtained, cupuliform osteotomy above the tuberosity appears to lead to the highest success rate.