jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Hypodermoclysis, a neglected approach].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with advanced cancer frequently present with chronic nausea, emesis, bowel obstruction, confusional syndromes or dysphagia. All these conditions make it difficult for the patient to take oral medications or to maintain an adequate level of hydration by mouth. Hypodermoclysis is a safe and simple method that allows for cost-effective sucutaneous delivery of fluids and drugs. Hypodermoclysis has some clearcut advantages over the i.v. route. It can be started without need for a physician or a nurse, does not immobilize a limb, can be stopped and restarted at any moment without concern for clotting, and its use sparses nursing time. It also allows for easier and safer home discharge. Potentiel side effects of hypodermoclysis include pain at infusion site, sloughing tissues as a result of insufficient fluid absorption, infection, and puncture of vessels with bleeding. This paper gives some guidelines for the use of hypodermoclysis for fluid, electrolytes and drugs frequently used in a palliative care setting. The controversy surrounding the treatment of dehydration in the terminally ili is also briefly examined.
Autoimmune Complications From Biologic Agents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Biologic agents including anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents are used for the treatment of a number of disease processes including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatic diseases, and other autoimmune diseases. As their use has grown, there have been increasing reports of autoimmune diseases induced by the biologic agents. The purpose of this study is to review the incidence, the clinical characteristics, and the treatment of autoimmune diseases induced by biologic agents. Methods: An automated data extraction was performed at a tertiary medical center from 2013 to 2017. Patients above the age of 18 who had received any of the following biologic agents; infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, certolizumab, vedolizumab, & ustekinumab, at an affiliated infusion center and who had a diagnosis of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, lupus (SLE), psoriasis, autoimmune hepatitis, vasculitis, interstitial lung disease (ILD), sarcoidosis, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, migratory arthritis, myopathies, multiple sclerosis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), were included in the study. 515 patients were analyzed. The charts of patients with more than 2 of the above diagnoses were manually reviewed and 20 patient were found with autoimmune complications. Results: The prevalence of autoimmune complications amongst patients on biologic agents is 3.88%. Drug-induced psoriasis and lupus were the most common autoimmune complications. 95% patients with an autoimmune complication had an underlying inflammatory bowel disease. All 20 of the observed complications occurred with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents; 85% of patients were on infliximab. Table 1 describes the clinical characteristics of the patients and their treatment course.Table: Table. Autoimmune ComplicationsConclusion: Various autoimmune complications have been linked with the biologic agents. The rates of autoimmune complications appear to be higher in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and with patients on anti-TNF agents. The most common autoimmune complication is psoriasis. Most patients' autoimmune complications can be treated conservatively with control of symptoms but for more refractory cases, the patient may need to be transitioned to a different biologic agent or class.
Study of dynamic malware clustering and classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Malware or malicious software is one of the major threats in the internet today and there are thousands of malware samples introduced every day. Antivirus vendors need to classify them as malicious and update the signature of potentially harmful malware in their databases. Machine learning is the study and creation of systems that have the ability to learn from the data provided to them. Machine Learning can be used for malware classification. But to do this, there data should first be embedded into a feature vector space. The project is aimed at performing a literature review of the malware analysis techniques, creating a trivial data representation after text processing and investigating the procedure to use a machine learning approach – unsupervised feature learning for creating a system to automatically learn from data and perform feature selections. A cross-validation tool has been developed in this project which can be used to check the accuracy of the unsupervised feature learning technique suggested. A framework for malware analysis is suggested in this project report. The report concludes with recommendations on malware analysis using unsupervised feature learning techniques and what further work can be done on this project to create a successful malware analysis tool.
Preparation parameter optimization and mechanical properties of the graphene-reinforced TC11 titanium alloys prepared by spark plasma sintering used for engine

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The mechanical properties of the high temperature resistant TC11 alloys prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) used for engine were improved by adding grapheme, the density of TC11 alloy under the different sintering parameters was studied, the microstructure was observed, and the influencing factors of mechanical properties were analyzed. The results show that, with the increase of sintering temperature, the density of the sample increases first and then becomes stable. With the increase of the sintering pressure, the density of the sample increases slightly. With the increase of sintering temperature, more α phase is transformed into the high temperature β phase, forming a relatively stable ratio of β phase. With the increase of sintering time, the compressive strength at room temperature shows an upward trend. With the increase of sintering pressure, the TC11 alloys show the higher mechanical strength at room and high temperature. The sintering parameters for the TC11 alloys with the optimal mechanical properties are finally determined as the sintering time of 5 min, the sintering temperature of 900 ℃, and the sintering pressure of 50 MPa.
Supply chain coordination and decisions under effort-dependent demand and customer balking behaviour

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper explores supply chain coordination under a sales effort-dependent demand and customer balking scenario and analyses the impacts of revenue- and cost-sharing contracts on the decisions of supply chain members. This paper subsequently develops a two-echelon supply chain consisting of one supplier and one retailer and examines two models that incorporate customer balking and sales efforts: in one model, the retailer offers a revenue sharing-only contract, and in the other model, the retailer and the supplier bargain on the revenue and cost-sharing contract. The results show that the revenue- and cost-sharing contract can coordinate the decentralised supply chain better than it can coordinate a centralised supply chain and that the effects of customer balking on the supply chain are clear; when customer balking occurs, the probability of a sale occurring can increase the profit of the supply chain, while the threshold of inventory and the sales effort can improve the marketing demand.
The School 2001 Project in Pendao, Portugal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article is an extract from a presentation made by Isabel Mendinhos to the PEB Steering Committee in June 1999. The project she describes, School 2001, concerns a school for lower secondary education, School E.B. 2,3 Professor Galopin de Carvalho in Pendao, Portugal where she teaches. A new school, based on a innovative project and eagerly awaited by the school community, is soon to be constructed. This provided the ideal moment to reflect on and plan for multimedia and computer equipment, networking and the needs of a disadvantaged student population and to improve a deprived environment.
NF-κB: Regulation by Methylation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In normal cells exposed to stress, the central transcription factor NF-κB is activated only transiently, to modulate the activation of downstream immune responses. However, in most cancers, NF-κB is abnormally activated constitutively, contributing thus to oncogenesis and tumor progression. Therefore, downregulating NF-κB activity is an important goal of cancer treatment. In order to control NF-κB activity therapeutically, it is helpful to understand the molecular mechanisms that normally govern its activation and how dysregulated NF-κB activity may aid the development of disease. Recent evidence from our laboratories and others indicates that, in addition to various posttranslational modifications of NF-κB that have been observed previously, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation, NF-κB can be methylated reversibly on lysine or arginine residues by histone-modifying enzymes, including lysine and arginine methyl transferases and demethylases. Furthermore, these methylations are required to activate many downstream genes. Interestingly, amplifications and mutations of several such enzymes have been linked to cancer. We propose that some of these mutations may alter the methylation not only of histones but also of NF-κB, making them attractive therapeutic targets. Cancer Res; 75(18); 3692–5. ©2015 AACR .
Nodal structure of the three-body nonadditive interaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A discussion of qualitative aspects of the three-body non-pairwise-additive interaction V3 for three identical closed shell atoms and especially of its nodal structure is given. The rare-gas trimers He3, Ne3, and Ar3 and also the Be3 system are analyzed reviewing information coming from perturbation theory results for triatomic dispersion energies V3d, and of the three-body exchange–overlap energies coming from SCF and modified-effective-electron model studies. New SCF results, especially for the Be3 system, are also reported.
Proverbs and other implicit forms of speech in Akan radio panel discussions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis discusses the use of indirect speech in Akan radio paneldiscussions. This work employs the use of a contemporary approach in its analysis.This contemporary approach is Relevance Theory as propounded by Dan Sperber andDeirdre Wilson. This thesis also relates to Face Theory and the principle of politenessas presented by Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson to find out the reasonswhy panellists in radio discussions sometimes prefer to be indirect in theirutterances. Chapter 1 deals with the introduction of the thesis where the goals andmotivation for this work are stated. The methods and theoretical framework as wellas the language used for the analysis are also introduced. Chapter 2 discusses the use and understanding of indirect speech in Akanradio programmes. It presents the results of the fieldwork in Ghana and gives tabularpresentations of the results. In Chapter 3, examples of my data in Akan are analyzed using Relevancetheoretic principles with much discussions on how addressees are either able toarrive at the intended interpretations or not. Chapter 4 focuses on the social perspective of indirect speech by discussingFace Theory and the principle of politeness. In that chapter, I relate this theory andits principles to indirect speech in Akan radio panel discussion. Chapter 5 summarises and concludes the whole thesis.
Liver transplantation and alcoholics: is the glass half full or half empty?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

See article on page 421

Over the past 15 years, opinion regarding the suitability of alcoholic patients for liver transplantation has fluctuated from overt disapproval to optimism that liver transplantation might have a beneficial effect on alcoholic behaviour. The former view was evaluated by an opinion survey among the general population, general practitioners and hospital specialists in Great Britain, in which the vignette of an alcoholic in need of liver transplant was consistently rated as justifying a low priority.1 The origin of optimism about the salutary effects of transplantation on alcoholic relapse came from Thomas Starzl, who coined the aphorism that, “liver transplantation was the ultimate sobering experience”.2The current status of liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease rests somewhere between these two extremes.

Alcoholic liver disease is a common diagnosis among patients selected for liver transplantation in North America and Europe. It often occurs in conjunction with chronic hepatitis C infection. All transplant programmes try to identify patients who will remain abstinent, although how best to achieve this end is less certain. The study by Pageaux et al , in this issue (see page 421), is unusual in not including psychiatry as part of the pretransplant assessment.4 The requirement for a fixed period of abstinence, the so called six …
An Unbroken Loyalty in Turbulent Times: La Prensa and Liberalism in Argentina, 1930-1946

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In recent years, a growing body of scholarship has revised one of the mostcontroversial periods in Argentine history: the sixteen years between the mi- litary coup of September 1930 and the presidential election of Juan Perón in 1946. These years have been traditionally interpreted as a transition period, a “prelude” to the emergence of Peronism, characterized by the decadence of the nineteenth-century liberal republic in a context of political and ideological crisis and economic and social transformation. While acknowledging some of those features, new studies emphasize the blurred political and ideological boundaries of the main political and social actors and locate them within the broader histo- rical framework of the interwar years. For example, they show that the Radical and Socialist parties and the conservative groups that gathered in the ruling Concordancia coalition were deeply divided and far from being ideologically homogeneous, and that varied positions on state economic intervention, free trade, and industrialization generated both sharp intra-party differences as wellas cross-party coincidences.
Reflective functioning in fathers with young children born preterm and at term

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present study assessed 322 parents of 173 children aged between 12 and 20 months (74 children born preterm) with the Parent Development Interview (PDI) to capture parents' Reflective Functioning (RF). RF scores were obtained, and topics were disclosed, for which modeling with Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was applied. The study addressed (a) whether RF scores differed between fathers of children born preterm and at term, and diverged from the mothers' RF and, (b) whether topics on fathers' minds differed regarding parenting preterm or at-term children, and diverged from topics on parenting raised by mothers. Results indicated that parents of at-term children revealed similar RF scores, though fathers of children born preterm scored lower than mothers of children born preterm. Whereas fathers' RF scores were associated with topics about the paternal role, interests and activities, mothers' RF was related to concerns about how to meet the child's needs.
Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches to the study of long‐term soil degradation: A case study from Schleswig‐Holstein, Germany

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Soil degradation is a serious problem and an important environmental issue in many ecosystems. Without integrative, interdisciplinary and historical approaches, understanding the effects of long‐term soil degradation is difficult. According to this idea it is hypothesized that in order to study long‐term natural and human‐induced soil degradation, it is necessary to use interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with respect to temporal and spatial landscape changes. The results of the investigation of colluvial sediments and soils in research area in Schleswig‐Holstein (Germany) with a high resolution in space and time—using the four‐dimensional landscape analysis—indicated the temporal and spatial variation of soils and sediments from the Mesolithic until Modern times. Intensive soil degradation occurred as a result of the land clearance and agricultural land use in the investigation areas since the Neolithic time. The general results of this investigation show that the use of an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach with pedological and geomorphological perspectives for different times and places can help to reconstruct the long‐term natural and human‐induced soil degradation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The STEM Education Approach for Conceptual Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The STEM education approach is an interdisciplinary approach to equip students with the knowledge and 21st century skills that are necessary to thrive in a rapidly evolving world driven by technological advancements. This approach is also aims to foster a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness of these disciplines and their real-world applications. By blending theoretical concepts with real world experiences, encourages hands-on learning, project-based activities, and collaborative teamwork, therefore prepare students for the challenges of the 21st century workforce. This approach utilizes social and situated learning methods to support conceptual understanding by connecting knowledge from different disciplines. How concept learning occurs while utilizing the STEM education approach? What types of knowledge (Factual, Conceptual, Procedural, and Metacognitive) are emphasized in the Engineering Design Process which is the frequently used in the STEM education approach? What are the factors affecting conceptual learning in this approach? are driven questions of this chapter.
Vision-Based Automated Pavement Distress Inspection: A Review

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Computer vision and image processing have been extensively researched to enhance road inspection systems, particularly for detecting pavement distress and assessing road surface conditions. However, most research on vision-based pavement defect inspection is experimental, with few comprehensive studies aligning with standards like ASTM D6433-18. This paper provides a review of vision-based automated pavement distress inspection systems for asphalt concrete. It examines four main aspects, including image acquisition, pre-processing, pavement distress inspection methods, and pavement distress dataset. The discussion covers image acquisition methods, which include platforms such as vehicles, drones, and satellites, as well as vision sensors, sensor calibration, and techniques for capturing road surface images. Pre-processing techniques are discussed for improving image quality and isolating regions of interest. Pavement distress inspection methods employ 2D and 3D approaches to classify different types of pavement distress, severity level estimation, and distress quantification. Additionally, the review provides an overview of existing pavement distress datasets, covering image collection, annotation, augmentation, and evaluation processes. This paper offers insights into the current state of research and references for designing vision-based automated pavement distress inspection systems that meet ASTM D6433-18 standards.
Dielectric response of a semi-infinite layered electron gas and Raman scattering from its bulk and surface plasmons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An exact solution of the random-phase-approximation equations is worked out for the density-density correlation function of a semi-infinite system of two-dimensional electron-gas layers, with different dielectrics outside and inside the layered system. From this solution, analytic formulas are derived for the dispersion relations of the bulk and surface plasmons and for the intensity of the light scattered inelastically from such a system. The intensity is written as a sum of the bulk and the surface terms. The theory is applied to semiconductor multilayers. The line shape of the bulk-plasmon peak, obtained after cancellation of van Hove singularities in the bulk piece by the surface piece, is compared with experiment. Conditions for observation of the Giuliani-Quinn surface plasmon are outlined.
Cyber warfare: terms, issues, laws and controversies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recent years have shown us the importance of cybersecurity. Especially, when the matter is national security, it is even more essential and crucial. Increasing cyber attacks, especially between countries in governmental level, created a new term cyber warfare. Creating some rules and regulations for this kind of war is necessary therefore international justice systems are working on it continuously. In this paper, we mentioned fundamental terms of cybersecurity, cyber capabilities of some countries, some important cyber attacks in near past, and finally, globally applied cyber warfare law for this attacks.
IS (ALSO) MAGNA CARTA AN ECCLESIASTICAL DOCUMENT? THE PREEMINENT ROLE OF THE CHURCH IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Recent studies suggest that Magna Carta could have been published mainly by the Church, which had a specific interest in spreading copies of the charter, and the technical ability to write, distribute and preserve them. These researches confirm the special sway of the Church on the formation of English legal system. First, thanks to the action of the Ecclesiastical Courts, which had a jurisdiction larger than that possessed by any other Ecclesiastical Courts in Europe. Then, in the decisive importance of the cultural background, based on canon law, of the holders of administrative and judicial offices of the kingdom. Finally, for the concrete contents of rules transmitted to the Equity system, and generally to English law. The influence of ecclesiastical jurisdiction was indeed decisive in marriage, in defining rights and interests in estates, in the development of contracts; but it was paramount even in the concrete shaping of rules and institutions nowadays surrounded by «an aura of Englishness», like wills and trusts. The role of the Church in the history of Common law tradition is so evident, that «any account of English legal development that does not take account of ecclesiastical jurisdiction is therefore an incomplete account».