jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Granitic Injection Processes in the Columbia Quadrangle, South Carolina

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Studies in the Columbia quadrangle lead to the following conclusions: (1) intrusion of granite and conversion of volcanic and sedimentary rocks into schist are results of the same geologic cycle; (2) schist near the granite has been subjected to lit-par-lit injection and replacement by granitic material; (3) an advanced stage of injection and replacement is expressed by granitic rock in which schistose and gneissic structures are preserved. In the extreme stage, replacement and recrystallization have obliterated most of the inherited structure, the resulting rock being a granite contaminated by traces of the older rocks, with consequent marked variations in composition and structure; (4) no granite was found that had undergone mashing or other appreciable deformation except ordinary fissuring.
Inorganic Pyrophosphatase from E. coli as a Label for the Detection of Plant Viruses by ELISA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) from E. coli was used as label in enzyme immunoassay for the detection of different plant viruses. The use of PPase‐conjugated antibodies and tetrasodium pyrophosphate as a substrate in ELISA provides some advantages in detection of plant viruses in purified preparations and extracts from plant specimens: high sensitivity, negligible level of background reactions in control samples, bright blue‐greenish colour which allows to detect the reaction visually and high stability of PPase‐conjugated antibodies.
Dynamic change of nitrate-N at the growth stage of soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper studied the change of NO3--N in soil profile of different fertilizer treatments at growth period of soybean. The results showed that the largest absorption period of soybean appeared from florescence to seed filling stage. The content of cumulated NO3--N in soil profile at growth period of soybean increased with the improvement of nitrogenous fertilizer. However, when the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer exceeded 67.5 kg·hm-2, applying nitrogen would cause the increase of NO3--N in 120 cm soil lager.
Combatting AMR: photoactivatable ruthenium(ii)-isoniazid complex exhibits rapid selective antimycobacterial activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The Ru(ii) complex,cis-[Ru(bpy)2(INH)2]2+is inactive in the dark but highly active towards mycobacteria on photoactivation with visible light when it releases the antituberculosis drug isoniazid (INH).
Beauty and Virtue in the Moral Theory of David Hume and Adam Smith

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The relationship between ethical and aesthetic values has remained an important topic of philosophical debate from the time of the Enlightenment to the present day. This dissertation examines the distinctive accounts of this relationship found in the works of David Hume and Adam Smith. The first two chapters consider Hume’s sentimentalist theories of beauty and virtue and argue that, although Hume does not entirely assimilate these two forms of value, he does trace them back to a common psychological source and maintains that they influence our actions and judgments in remarkably similar ways. The third and fourth chapters takes up Smith’s contribution to this debate and argue that, unlike his predecessor, Smith does not grant either the aesthetic sentiments or the faculty of taste any essential role in moral judgment. The fifth chapter considers each thinker’s response to the question of what impact moral considerations ought to have on our aesthetic judgments. The final three chapters argue that Smith’s account of the relationship between aesthetics and morals enjoys certain advantages over Hume’s due to the former’s greater willingness to stress the distinctions between these two domains of value. The dissertation concludes by laying out some of the potential attractions of Smith’s account for contemporary moral and aesthetic theorists working in the sentimentalist tradition.
Geometrical Correlation Between The Right And Left Ventricular Outflow Tract In Young Bav Vs. Tav Patients: Implications For The Ross Procedure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Ross procedure has been recommended as an excellent strategy for the treatment of stenotic aortic valve lesions in young patients' population. However, there are still concerns when implementing pulmonary autograft in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Therefore, we aim to analyze the geometric discrepancies between right and left ventricular outflow tract in young patients with BAV vs. tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) using multi-detected computed tomography (MDCT). Methods: A total of consecutive 43 patients between 20 and 70 years old who were referred for aortic valve operation and underwent preoperative MDCT between January 2016 and June 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with aortic root/ascending aortic aneurysm or annuloaortic ectasia were excluded. Based on preoperative transesophageal echocardiography, a total of 35 patients were diagnosed with BAV, whereas the remaining 8 patients had TAV. Using MDCT, the diameter of aortic valve (AV) annulus and pulmonary valve (PV) annulus, left and right ventricular outflow tract were measured and compared in BAV vs. TAV patients. Results: There was a tendency towards larger LVOT and aortic root diameters in BAV cohort (Table 1). Contrary to that, RVOT and pulmonary artery diameters were comparable between BAV and TAV patients. We found no relevant discrepancy between LVOT/RVOT in BAV vs. TAV patients. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between AV orifice area vs. PV orifice area in BAV vs. TAV patients.Table 1.BAV(n=35)TAV(n=8)p-valueLVOT/Sinus Valsalva/Ascending aorta (mm)27.0±4.5/39.2±4.1/38.4±7.224.2±3.0/33.4±6.1/34.0±5.10.130/0.045/0.022AV Annulus min/max (mm)28.2±2.9/33.7±3.326.8±2.6/31.9±5.00.289/0.242Aortic valve area (cm2)7.5±1.57.0±1.90.249RVOT/Pulmonary artery (mm)26.0±5.6/26.2±3.326.2±6.0/26.0±2.00.742/0.522PV Annulus min/max (mm)27.4±3.5/35.3±3.527.8±2.6/35.1±6.20.565/0.818PV area (cm2)7.6±1.38.0±2.30.781Ratio Aortic annulus min/pulmonary annulus min/max1.0±0.1/1.0±0.11.0±0.04/0.9±0.10.118/0.374Ratio LVOT/RVOT1.1±0.21.0±0.20.782 Open table in a new tab Conclusions: Our study revealed no significant geometrical discrepancies between left and right outflow tracts in young BAV patients as compared to the TAV patients. Therefore, geometric discrepancies between pulmonary autograft and aortic root should not be used as an argument to abandon Ross procedure in young BAV patients.
Association between passive smoking and dental caries among 3-8 years children in Bangalore city

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Salivary antimicrobial peptides (AMP’s) play an important role in the local defense of oral cavity and expression of these are altered by various factors. Among them cigarette smoke has known to have detrimental effects on salivary immune defense mechanisms. The effect of passive smoking on salivary AMP’s and correlation to dental caries in children has not yet been reported. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the correlation between passive smoking and dental caries in exposed and unexposed children. A randomized cross-sectional study was designed to target children aged between 3 to 8 years. Self-reported questionnaire was filled by the parents of the participants to obtain the data. Questionnaires included in the study comprised sections related to demographic part and smoking characteristics. Participants were divided into passive exposed (PE) and unexposed (UE) group based on exposure parameters. Clinical examination and Salivary flow rate were assessed and the obtained data was subjected to statistical analysis. TPE group (5.58+/-4.66) than UE group (3.15+/-3.26) where (p=0.003)and under educated parents (p=0.02). Comparison of smoking related parameters to caries prevalence have shown direct positive correlation. [K1] [M2] The mean DMF scores were higher among children in [K3] [K4] [M5] E group (5.58+/-4.66) than UE group (3.15+/-3.26) where (p=0.003). Also it was seen that the DMF were higher in children who belonged to lower socio-economic status (p= 0.001) and under educated parents (p=0.02). Comparison of smoking related parameters to caries prevalence have shown direct positive correlation. Reduction of passive smoking is important not only for the prevention of various systemic ill-effects, but also for the promotion of children's dental health.
ESTIMATING MATERIAL PROPERTY AND FAILURE OF A LIVING CELL: NUMERICAL STUDY

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents finite element modelling of the deformation of a detached living cell subjected to microinjection and through the simulation, an investigation of the material properties of the cell components. The model is verified using images of the deformed cell as well as the measured penetration forces in the tests reported in the open literature. It is hoped that the modelling in this context will help to quantitatively evaluate the mechanical properties of the cells, and in particular, the failure strain of the cell cortex when penetration occurs.
Evaluation of Fertility Rate in the Couples after Uterine Septum Resection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Uterine septum is one of the most common congenital abnormalities in women that leads to numerous gynecological problems and adverse obstetrics outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Hysteroscopic Resection on pregnancy outcomes in women undergone the surgery. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 90 women were included from April 2016 to June 2018 from patients attending to Rasoul Akram hospital of Tehran. The inclusion criteria included: the age lower than 35 years old, primary infertility, idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion, BMI between 19 and 30, and having informed consen. Septum was resected by scissor upward and lateral. After 10 months of follow-up in average, we assessed rate of live births, abortions, birth weight and presentation. Results: 82 individuals were assessed for occurrence of conception (response rate=91%). The mean age of patients was 30.01 ± 6.76 years and the mean BMI was 26.25 ± 4.88. Out of 82 patients, 36 patients were pregnant, of whom 16 (44.4%) had abortions. 5 (14.9%) of the pregnancies ended with preterm birth, and 6 (17%) ended with stillbirth. Conclusion: The present study showed that the infertile patients with uterine septum and with no other causes of infertility were more likely to be pregnant compared to other patients with idiopathic infertility. Our study showed that post-operation fertility following Hysteroscopic Resection was lower than that in previous reports. According to the findings of this study, scissors may be safe, effective and cost-effective method for removing uterine septa.
High-Temperature Susceptibility of an Exchange-Interaction Model of Ferromagnetism

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Schr\"odinger exchange interaction for arbitrary spin is used to construct a Hamiltonian for a nearest-neighbor model of ferromagnetism. The general high-temperature series for the low-field susceptibility is developed, and the first three terms of the series, for arbitrary crystal lattices, are calculated. The Curie temperature obtained from setting ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=0$ and taking the first two terms (molecular-field theory) or three terms ("Heisenberg Gaussian" approximation), is given by $\frac{(2S+1){k}_{B}{T}_{C}}{J}=z or \frac{4}{[1\ensuremath{-}{(1\ensuremath{-}\frac{8}{z})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]},$ respectively. The functional dependence on $z$ (number of nearest neighbors) of the latter result, for arbitrary $S$, is exactly the same as originally obtained by Heisenberg for $S=\frac{1}{2}$. In general, the exchange model appears to disorder at a lower temperature than the Heisenberg model, as could be anticipated from the higher degeneracy of the ground state of a pair of spins interacting with the exchange Hamiltonian compared to the Heisenberg Hamiltonian.
In-situ Evaluation of Helium Bubble Migration and Coalescence in Tungsten Heavy Alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article In-situ Evaluation of Helium Bubble Migration and Coalescence in Tungsten Heavy Alloys Get access Eric Lang, Eric Lang University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA Corresponding author: ejlang2@unm.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Schuyler Tyler, Schuyler Tyler University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Streit Cunningham, Streit Cunningham University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USAStony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David Sprouster, David Sprouster Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jason Trelewicz, Jason Trelewicz Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ian McCue, Ian McCue Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Khalid Hattar Khalid Hattar University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 29, Issue Supplement_1, 1 August 2023, Pages 1541–1542, https://doi.org/10.1093/micmic/ozad067.793 Published: 22 July 2023
Radiative transition of hydrogen-like ions in quantum plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

At fusion plasma electron temperature and number density regimes of 1 × 103–1 × 107 K and 1 × 1028–1 × 1031/m3, respectively, the excited states and radiative transition of hydrogen-like ions in fusion plasmas are studied. The results show that quantum plasma model is more suitable to describe the fusion plasma than the Debye screening model. Relativistic correction to bound-state energies of the low-Z hydrogen-like ions is so small that it can be ignored. The transition probability decreases with plasma density, but the transition probabilities have the same order of magnitude in the same number density regime.
STUDIES ON THE ACTIVATION OF ORGANIC ARSENICAL COMPOUNDS (PART II)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

(1) By studying the action of plasma against Oxo-HCl, it has been discovered that plasma increases or decreases its efficiency according to the quantity used.(2) This fact allows the presumption that there exists, in plasma protein fraction, a part which increases its efficiency and parts which decrease its efficiency. This efficiency increasing part is eu-Globulin; the efficiency decreasing parts are albumin and pseudoglobulin.(3) With the addition of eu-globulin the efficiency of Oxo-HCl is increased, the toxicity is decreased slightly, and the chemotherapeutic index grows 3 times as that of Oxo-HCl alone.(4) This action of eu-globulin requires some time for reaction after mixing. From this fact it is inferable that a compound is found by a loose combination between Oxo-HCl and the separate acid group of the amino acid constructing eu-globuline.(5) Oxo-HCl obstructs red blood cell cholinesterase, and also inhibits plasma cholinesterase. From this fact, it is deduced that one cause for side reaction of Oxo-HCl might lie in the inhibitory action against cholinesterase.(6) When cysteine or Benadryl is mixed with Oxo-HCl, the inhibitory action against cholinesterase is decreased. From this, it is thought that anti-histamine drug passosses an action which markedly lowers the toxicity of Oxo-HCl.(7) The action of anti-histamine drug (Benadryl and pyribenzamine) which lowers the toxicity of Oxo-HCl is superior to that of cysteine and glutathione, and is equal to that of BAL. And, as the action which lowers its efficiency is less than that of SH compounds, the author thinks, the anti-histamine drug are to be given proper attention as the toxicity reducing drug against Oxo-HCl.Acknowledgement. The author is indebted to T. Mizuma and K. Takahashi for chemical experiments.
Dynamical Modeling Techniques for Biological Time Series Data

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The present thesis is articulated over two main topics which have in common the modeling of the dynamical properties of complex biological systems from large-scale time-series data. On one hand, this thesis analyzes the inverse problem of reconstructing Gene Regulatory Networks (GRN) from gene expression data. This first topic seeks to reverse-engineer the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms involved in few biological systems of interest, vital to understand the specificities of their different responses. In the light of recent mathematical developments, a novel, flexible and interpretable modeling strategy is proposed to reconstruct the dynamical dependencies between genes from short-time series data. In addition, experimental trade-offs and optimal modeling strategies are investigated for given data availability. Consistent literature on these topics was previously surprisingly lacking. The proposed methodology is applied to the study of circadian rhythms, which consists in complex GRN driving most of daily biological activity across many species. On the other hand, this manuscript covers the characterization of dynamically differentiable brain states in Zebrafish in the context of epilepsy and epileptogenesis. Zebrafish larvae represent a valuable animal model for the study of epilepsy due to both their genetic and dynamical resemblance with humans. The fundamental premise of this research is the early apparition of subtle functional changes preceding the clinical symptoms of seizures. More generally, this idea, based on bifurcation theory, can be described by a progressive loss of resilience of the brain and ultimately, its transition from a healthy state to another characterizing the disease. First, the morphological signatures of seizures generated by distinct pathological mechanisms are investigated. For this purpose, a range of mathematical biomarkers that characterizes relevant dynamical aspects of the neurophysiological signals are considered. Such mathematical markers are later used to address the subtle manifestations of early epileptogenic activity. Finally, the feasibility of a probabilistic prediction model that indicates the susceptibility of seizure emergence over time is investigated. The existence of alternative stable system states and their sudden and dramatic changes have notably been observed in a wide range of complex systems such as in ecosystems, climate or financial markets.
Shaping Future Service Environments with the Cloud and Internet of Things: Networking Challenges and Service

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. To address the new paradigm of future services, cloud computing will be essential for integrating storage and computing functions with the net-work. As many new types of devices will be connected to networks in the fu-ture, it is very important to provide ubiquitous networking capabilities for “connecting to anything ” between humans and objects for realize the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper introduces several challenges for the cloud computing in telecom perspectives and ubiquitous networking capabilities to support the IoT. For this, we present the basic concepts and present our vision related to this topic. In addition, we clearly identify characteristics and additional capa-bilities to support key technologies to be used for the IoT. For various services using ubiquitous networking of IoT, we propose the cloud-based IoT which aims to efficiently support varies services using cloud technology from different kinds of objects (e.g., devices, machines, etc). We also emphasize the necessity of virtualization for service evolution using smart environment of the cloud and the IoT.
MARKET AND ENERGY DEMAND ANALYSIS OF A US MAGLEV SYSTEM

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

High-speed magnetically levitated (maglev) vehicles can provide an alternative mode of transportation for intercity travel, particularly for short- and medium-distance trips between 100 to 600 mi (160 and 960 km). The patterns of growth and the underlying factors affecting that growth In the year 2010 are evaluated to determine the magnitude of US Intercity travel that would become the basis for maglev demand. A methodology that is sensitive to the travelers' socioeconomic attributes was developed to Forecast intercity travel. Travel between 78 major metropolitan areas by air and highway modes is projected, and 12 high-density travel corridors are Identified and selected. The potential for a maglev system to substitute for part or that travel is calculated by using a model that estimates the extent of diversion from highway and air to maglev. Energy demand is estimated on the basis of energy usage during acceleration and cruise phases for each corridor and corridor connections.
FIGURE 7 in A New Species Of Chaetostoma Tschudi (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) From Colombia With A Definition Of The C. anale Species Group

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURE 7: Sexual variation in the anal-fin length; ventral view, anterior to left. A-B represents the primitive condition (Condition A); C-D represents the derived condition (Condition B). A) Chaetostoma dorsale, ICNMHN 8011, adult male, 80.6 mm SL; B) Chaetostoma dorsale, ICNMHN 1183, adult female, 59.4 mm SL; C) Chaetostoma formosae sp. nov., holotype, ICNMHN 17114, adult male, 97.4 mm SL; D) Chaetostoma formosae sp. nov., paratype, ICNMHN 16364, adult female, 74.7 mm SL. Scale bars equal 10 mm.
“And That’s a Fact!”: The Roles of Political Ideology, PSRs, and Perceived Source Credibility in Estimating Factual Content in Partisan News

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Cable news schedule today is programed with a transition between objective reporting and subjective commentary. With this in mind, we address the question: to what extent does political ideology impact one's estimation of factual content in the monologue of a partisan news host? Going beyond direct effects, we analyze two moderated mediation models, using news host as moderator and using parasocial relationship and source credibility as parallel mediators. Results show like-minded partisanship with a news host led to higher estimates of factual content, and this effect worked indirectly through credibility perceptions. Additionally, this process occurred more intensely for conservatives.