jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
INCREASED FORMULATION FLEXIBILITY AND PERFORMANCE USING KRATON IPD POLYMERS

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The economic and technical advantages of using Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) are now beyond dispute in the road-building industry. Indeed, it is proven and widely accepted that PMBs improve bitumen performance and bring cost benefits in a wide range of applications under most climatic conditions. Consequently, it is not surprising that the annual global consumption of PMB is now estimated to be well over 5.106 and getting close to 6.106 tonnes. Although the actual figures are difficult to verify, as not all countries quantify use of PMBs, another statistic, which is indisputable, states that some 65 per cent of the total PMB market is based on co-polymers from the styrene-butadiene family, generally the tri-block SBS. In some parts of the world, PMBs are still in the developmental phase, but in many other areas the phase of optimisation and rationalisation has been reached. This paper deals with the mechanisms that contribute significantly to a polymer's effectiveness, how these mechanisms are affected by molecular parameters and how this guided the development of a new class of SBS polymers. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E210251.
Dualities and loops on squashed $S^3$

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric gauge theories on the squashed three-sphere with six preserved supercharges. We first discuss how Wilson and vortex loops preserve up to four of the supercharges and we find squashing independence for the expectation values of these $\frac{2}{3}$-BPS loops. We then show how the additional supersymmetries facilitate the analytic matching of partition functions and loop operator expectation values to those in the mirror dual theory, allowing one to lift all the results that were previously established on the round sphere to the squashed sphere. Additionally, on the squashed sphere with four preserved supercharges, we numerically evaluate the partition functions of ABJM and its dual super-Yang-Mills at low ranks of the gauge group. We find matching values of their partition functions, prompting us to conjecture the general equality on the squashed sphere. From the numerics we also observe the squashing dependence of the Lee-Yang zeros and of the non-perturbative corrections to the all order large $N$ expression for the ABJM partition function.
Late relapse in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: impact of rituximab on their incidence and outcome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) constitutes 25–35% of all non‐Hodgkin lymphomas in Western countries. Approximately two thirds of the patients can be cured with standard immuno‐chemotherapy. Most relapses occur within 1–2 years from diagnosis, however, the occurrence of relapses after 5 years or more has been described. We aimed at defining the incidence and clinical features of late relapses. Data of 1113 DLBCL patients were analysed. Among the 196 patients relapsing after a first complete remission, 36 (18% of relapses and 3% of all DLBCLs) experienced a recurrence more than 5 years from diagnosis. Late relapsing patients, in comparison with those relapsing earlier, showed a more favourable risk profile at presentation: normal lactate dehydrogenase levels ( P = 0·002), early Ann Arbor stage ( P = 0·006) and low International Prognostic Index ( P = 0·003). The risk of late relapse was lowered by the introduction of rituximab as part of the front‐line treatment ( P < 0·001). Cause‐specific survival (CSS) from the time of relapse was significantly better for late relapsing patients compared to those relapsing early: 5‐year CSS rates were 53% and 31%, respectively ( P = 0·033). A trend toward a better overall survival was also observed, with 5‐year rates after relapse of 47% and 25%, respectively ( P = 0·054).
The Role of Capital Structure in Mediating the Effect of Liquidity on Profitability

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of the Current Ratio (CR) on the Net Profit Margin (NPM), with the Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) and Debt-to-Asset Ratio (DAR) serving as intervening variables. This research was conducted due to certain business phenomena that became the focal point of investigation, discrepancies between empirical data and existing theories, and gaps in previous studies that prompted the need for further exploration. This study employs a quantitative research approach, utilizing data collection techniques based on company financial reports through documentation methods. The population of this study comprises all companies listed and consistently included in the Business-27 Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2013 to 2022. A total of 6 companies were selected as samples from the 27 companies available, using purposive sampling methods. Path analysis and the Sobel test were utilized as data analysis techniques in this research. The findings of this study indicate that the CR does not have a significant impact on NPM. However, CR has a negative and significant effect on both DER and DAR. Furthermore, DER and DAR do not have a significant influence on NPM. While DER cannot mediate the relationship between CR and NPM, DAR can mediate this relationship.
Impacts of implementing a corrosion control strategy on biofilm growth

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Biofilm growth and corrosion are interrelated processes in a drinking water distribution system. The presence of corrosion tubercles alters the quality of the water in many ways, such as increasing the number of available attachment sites on the walls of the pipes for bacteria. Moreover, the presence of corrosion by-products significantly reduces chlorine disinfection and the efficiency of biofilm control. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of implementing a corrosion control program on the development of biofilm on distribution system pipe walls. No impacts were found during full-scale experimentation, however the results of a pilot-scale study carried out with annular reactors showed that, both in the presence and absence of corrosion by-products, the anti-corrosion chemicals tested (orthophosphates, a blend of ortho-polyphosphates, and sodium silicates) had no impact on biofilm development at the concentrations tested. Higher numbers of bacteria fixed on the walls of the reactors wereassociated with larger corrosion deposits on the annular reactors. Removing these corrosion deposits may have a positive impact on biofilm control in a distribution system.
Application of Compressible Multi-component Flow in Underwater Explosion Problems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

High-order accurate shock-capturing schemes had been proposed to resolve compressible flow movement that involving shockwave problem in single-fluid Riemann problems previously. However, when different fluids appear, oscillations often generate at the multi-component interfaces without deep implementations. An underwater explosion (UNDEX) event is typical multi-component problem with different flows phase evolvement. In order to simulate underwater explosion, we extend the numerical schemes which include five-order WENO reconstruction and HLLC approximate Riemann solver to capture interface between the explosive gas and water. Our method is high-order accurate, quasi-conservative and interface-capturing, which has been verified by 2D problems, and produce good agreement between analytical solution and experiment result. At last we attempted to use the method to simulate shock wave loading and underwater explosion (UNDEX) near a free surface
Polarized growth in fungi – interplay between the cytoskeleton, positional markers and membrane domains

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary One kind of the most extremely polarized cells in nature are the indefinitely growing hyphae of filamentous fungi. A continuous flow of secretion vesicles from the hyphal cell body to the growing hyphal tip is essential for cell wall and membrane extension. Because microtubules (MT) and actin, together with their corresponding motor proteins, are involved in the process, the arrangement of the cytoskeleton is a crucial step to establish and maintain polarity. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, actin‐mediated vesicle transportation is sufficient for polar cell extension, but in S. pombe, MTs are in addition required for the establishment of polarity. The MT cytoskeleton delivers the so‐called cell‐end marker proteins to the cell pole, which in turn polarize the actin cytoskeleton. Latest results suggest that this scenario may principally be conserved from S. pombe to filamentous fungi. In addition, in filamentous fungi, MTs could provide the tracks for long‐distance vesicle movement. In this review, we will compare the interaction of the MT and the actin cytoskeleton and their relation to the cortex between yeasts and filamentous fungi. In addition, we will discuss the role of sterol‐rich membrane domains in combination with cell‐end marker proteins for polarity establishment.
Managing risk in production scheduling under uncertain disruption

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The job scheduling problem (JSP) is considered as one of the most complex combinatorial optimization problems. JSP is not an independent task, but is rather a part of a company business case. In this paper, we have studied JSPs under sudden machine breakdown scenarios that introduce a risk of not completing the jobs on time. We have first solved JSPs using an improved memetic algorithm and extended the algorithm to deal with the disruption situations, and then developed a simulation model to analyze the risk of using a job order and delivery scenario. This paper deals with job scheduling under ideal conditions and rescheduling under machine breakdown, and provides a risk analysis for a production business case. The extended algorithm provides better understanding and results than existing algorithms, the rescheduling shows a good way of recovering from disruptions, and the risk analysis shows an effective way of maximizing return under such situations.
Evaluation of Users' Most Discussed and Trending Topics in Blockchain Technologies and Smart Contracts

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Blockchain technology and smart contracts have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential to revolutionize various industries. As these technologies continue to evolve, it becomes crucial to understand the preferences and interests of users in future development and implementation strategies. This paper presents an analysis of users' most searched topics and trends in blockchain technologies and smart contracts. By examining a large dataset of online discussions and social media posts, we identify the key themes and popular subjects that dominate the discourse. Additionally, we explore the temporal dynamics and emerging trends within the community. The findings from this study provide valuable insights for researchers, developers, and decision-makers in the blockchain ecosystem.
Optical System Design of Oblique Airborne-Mapping Camera with Focusing Function

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The use of airborne-mapping technology plays a key role in the acquisition of large-scale basic geographic data information, especially in various important civil/military-mapping missions. However, most airborne-mapping cameras are limited by parameters, such as the flight altitude, working-environment temperature, and so on. To solve this problem, in this paper, we designed a panchromatic wide-spectrum optical system with a focusing function. Based on the catadioptric optical structure, the optical system approached a telecentric optical structure. Sharp images at different object distances could be acquired by micro-moving the focusing lens. At the same time, an optical passive compensation method was adopted to realize an athermalization design in the range of −40–60 °C. According to the design parameters of the optical system, we analyzed the influence of system focusing on mapping accuracy during the focusing process of the airborne-mapping camera. In the laboratory, the camera calibration and imaging experiments were performed at different focusing positions. The results show that the experimental data are consistent with the analysis results. Due to the limited experiment conditions, only a single flight experiment was performed. The results show that the airborne-mapping camera can achieve 1:5000 scale-imaging accuracy. Flight experiments for different flight altitudes are being planned, and the relevant experimental data will be released in the future. In conclusion, the airborne-mapping camera is expected to be applied in various high-precision scale-mapping fields.
Self-Driven Reverse Thermal Engines Under Monotonous and Oscillatory Optimal Operation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The complex time-dependent heat and electromagnetic energy transfer in a new type of reverse thermal engine is analyzed. The reverse thermal engine consists of a cold body, a Peltier element and an electric circuit containing an inductor with controllable inductance. This system allows cooling a body below the ambient temperature. The inductor acts as an accumulator of magnetic energy, receiving electrical work from the Peltier element during some time intervals and supplying the Peltier element with electrical work during other time intervals. The system is named self-driven reverse thermal engine since one of its subsystems (the inductor) receives and releases work. The new type of engine has features which make it different from classical reverse thermal engines: it cannot operate in steady state and it operates for a finite time interval. Instead of usual indicators of performance such as the coefficient of performance, other performance indicators should be used, such as the minimum cooled body temperature and the interval of time needed to reach a given cooled body temperature. Significant cooling effects do not necessarily need high inductance values. The operation of the new engine has been optimized by using direct optimal control procedures. The open-source program package BOCOP has been used to transform the optimal control problem into a non-linear dynamic problem. The minimum temperature reached by the cooled body depends on its mass. There exists, however, a global minimum temperature, for a specified optimum mass of the cooled body. The minimum temperature decreases by increasing the value of the Seebeck coefficient and by decreasing the thermal conductance. Thermal damped oscillations may arise under special circumstances. This implies a very small difference between the initial temperatures of the cold and cooled bodies and a specific range of variation for the conductance of the Peltier element.
RESPECTING APPLICANTS’ RIGHTS IN EMBRYO DONATION PROCESS BASED ON ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective (s): Embryo donation is one of the new technologies, which in recent decades has been used for the treatment of infertile couples. However, its usage, like other new biotechnology methods has made some ethical concerns. Since compatibility of such improvements with ethical standards against the misuse of new technologies should be guaranteed, the present study was designed to determine the ethics of embryo donation. Methods: This was a descriptive study of quality of services provided in 11 embryo donation infertility centers. Data were collected by interviews including 100 couples seeking embryo donation in the Tehran central forensic center. Also the embryo donation instructions of these centers were collected. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: In more than 50%, brief information on different aspects of embryo donation process had been given to applicants and in 80%, the necessity of legal or jurisprudence expert advices had not been provided. In 64%, the applicants-embryo compatibility issues had not been studied. In 76%, the embryo donation process had been described strictly confidential and in 28%, there was a conflict of interests between doctor and patient in infertility centers selection. There were no restrictions or priority in service providing and in most cases the donated embryo health was not guaranteed. Conclusion: In most cases, ethics such as autonomy, justice, beneficence is met.
Ethnomedicinal Investigation of Medicinal Plants Used By the Tribes of Pedabayalu Mandalam, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study documents the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants that are in use in Pedabayalu Mandalam, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Ethnomedicinal uses of 80 plant species along with botanical name, vernacular name, family, plant parts, life forms and disease are presented. They belong to 70 genera and 21 families. These plants used to cure 30 types of ailments. Most remedies were taken orally, accounting for 60% of medicinal use. Most of the remedies were reported to have been from trees and herb species. High number of medicinal plant species available for the treatment of dysentery, skin disease and fever.
A double-blind crossover pilot study of l-deprenyl (selegiline) combined with cholinesterase inhibitor in Alzheimer's disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The potential efficacy of oral l-deprenyl (5 mg b.i.d.) added to the regimen of 10 patients with Alzheimer's disease receiving either tacrine or physostigmine was assessed in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-week, two-period crossover pilot study. l-Deprenyl was associated with significant improvement in scores on the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, suggesting possible additive effects of l-deprenyl to the effects of cholinesterase inhibitors.
A life-cycle cost approach to the maintenance of overhead line supports

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electrical companies are more and more concerned with expenditure costs in the asset management of structures for overhead lines. For Distribution, costs are incurred in replacing poles due to their failure under extreme climatic loads and following scheduled maintenance inspection. This paper describes a methodology for evaluating costs incurred from preventive maintenance replacement and from pole failure under climatic loads over a given service life. The strength of poles were assumed to decay with time. A probabilistic failure model of the line constituted of poles and cross-arms was developed according to a weak link chain of failure theory. The cost evaluation presented in this paper is based on the probability of service interruption from pole failure and the probability of replacing inadequate poles. It is demonstrated how costs saving are achieved from proper maintenance strategies by means of a decisional tool based on a Life Cycle Cost approach.
Coarse-grained modeling of the structural states and transition underlying the powerstroke of dynein motor domain

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This study aims to model a minimal dynein motor domain capable of motor function, which consists of the linker domain, six AAA+ modules (AAA1–AAA6), coiled coil stalk, and C-terminus domain. To this end, we have used the newly solved X-ray structures of dynein motor domain to perform a coarse-grained modeling of dynein's post- and pre-powerstroke conformation and the conformational transition between them. First, we have used normal mode analysis to identify a single normal mode that captures the coupled motions of AAA1–AAA2 closing and linker domain rotation, which enables the ATP-driven recovery stroke of dynein. Second, based on the post-powerstroke conformation solved crystallographically, we have modeled dynein's pre-powerstroke conformation by computationally inducing AAA1–AAA2 closing and sliding of coiled coil stalk, and the resulting model features a linker domain near the pre-powerstroke position and a slightly tilted stalk. Third, we have modeled the conformational transition from pre- to post-powerstroke conformation, which predicts a clear sequence of structural events that couple microtubule binding, powerstroke and product release, and supports a signaling path from stalk to AAA1 via AAA3 and AAA4. Finally, we have found that a closed AAA3–AAA4 interface (compatible with nucleotide binding) is essential to the mechano-chemical coupling in dynein. Our modeling not only offers unprecedented structural insights to the motor function of dynein as described by past single-molecule, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and electron microscopy studies, but also provides new predictions for future experiments to test.
World Englishes and postcolonialism: Reading Kachru and Said

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Prompted by a recurrent question from students, this paper examines perspectives from world Englishes and postcolonial studies in relation to one another. Focusing on two critical thinkers, Braj B. Kachru and Edward W. Said, each section highlights relevant themes and ideas from selected works of each scholar and discusses points of convergence and divergence between the various positions. One argument here is that while ‘Englishes’ are conceived as relatively static categories constricted to specific geopolitical boundaries, such Englishes are at the same time used by individuals whose cultural consciousness and experience are dynamic. Insight such as this, drawn from a juxtaposed study of the work of Braj B. Kachru and Edward Said, can inspire the world Englishes project. At a broader level, it is suggested that a more comprehensive understanding of language and culture may be reached by approaching world Englishes and postcolonial studies in counterpoint.
Marriage and divorce in 20th century American cohorts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The significance of recent changes in marriage and divorce in the United States is examined from a cohort perspective. Marital status life tables which follow birth cohorts through life and through the statuses of Never Married Presently Married Widowed and Divorced are used to provide a detailed description of the experience of male and female cohorts born 1888-1950. Recent cohorts show a clear reversal of earlier trends toward earlier and more universal marriage. There has been a steady rise in divorce with 46% of male and 42% of female marriages expected to end in divorce for the cohort born in 1950. (EXCERPT)