jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Pain Management in Hemophilic Patient Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery: A Narrative Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Hemophilia type A and B is associated with spontaneous bleeding in muscle tissues and joints. Acute hemarthrosis, representing 70–80% of all bleedings in severe hemophilia patients, is extremely painful. When surgical procedures are needed in hemophiliac patients, perioperative management should be planned with a multidisciplinary team. Our narrative review, through a rigorous analysis of the current literature, focuses on pain management in hemophiliac patients. Methods: The report synthesizes a literature review on hemophilia, adapting PRISMA guidelines. It identifies a research question on surgical procedures and perioperative pain management. Various sources, including electronic databases, are utilized. Study inclusion criteria are defined based on the research question. Forty studies are included. A detailed study selection is illustrated. Results: Guidelines for managing acute postoperative pain in the general population advocate for a multimodal analgesic administration to enhance synergistic benefits, reduce opioid requirements, and minimize side effects. Recent recommendations from the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) for postoperative pain management in hemophilia patients suggest tailoring treatment based on pain levels, in coordination with anesthesiologists. Conclusions: Pain management in hemophiliac patients undergoing orthopedic interventions requires a multidisciplinary approach, with further research needed to define a reliable global standard of treatment.
Limited human-to-human transmission of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, Shanghai, China, March to April 2013

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In April 2013, two members of one family were successively confirmed as cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection in Shanghai, China. Respiratory specimens from the two cases and their close contacts were tested using real-time reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR. Paired serum specimens from contacts were tested by haemagglutination inhibition assay and microneutralisation test. The index patient developed severe pneumonia. Her husband presented with pneumonia shortly thereafter. Both cases had highly similar clinical features and infection with A(H7N9) virus was confirmed in both cases by genetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a high level of similarity between the sequences from the two patients and environmental samples collected from wet markets in Minhang and Changning districts. Six samples from the Changning wet market were confirmed as A(H7N9) positive. Of 27 close contacts, one developed mild respiratory symptoms and another tested positive for A(H7N9) antibodies, but both were negative by real-time RT-PCR. The other 25 close contacts of both cases were A(H7N9) negative. Limited human-to-human transmission of the virus most likely occurred in the family cluster. However, other close contacts did not test positive for the virus, suggesting limited potential for extensive human-to-human transmission of the virus.
Do Poverty Reduction Programmes Foster Education Expenditure? New Evidence from Rwanda

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Rwandan Government has implemented various education policies that contribute to higher enrolment in education, but has become aware that these policies might be less effective for children from poor families. This study investigates the contribution of poverty reduction programmes on education expenditure of households. Using a multi-level regression analysis, combining district data on labour markets with detailed expenditure data on 7,230 households, it teases out the effects of several social protection programmes. The results show that access to health insurance and to waged work are positively related, while direct financial or in kind support are negatively related to paying into the children’s schooling. Non-agricultural employment opportunities in particular seem to stimulate education investments. Reducing the vulnerability of households might provide more equal access to these opportunities.
Cooperation Through Threats: The Northern Ireland Case

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On February 9, 1996, after a seventeen-month cease-fire, the Irish Republican Army (IRA) set off a bomb in East London. Less than a week later, the London police found and destroyed a bomb that the IRA had left in a telephone booth in the West End. A few days later, another IRA bomb went off on a doubledecker bus. The British government, under the leadership of John Major, asserted that it would have no official contact with Sinn Féin, the political arm of the IRA, until the paramilitary activities stopped. The government also deployed 500 additional troops in Northern Ireland. In October 1996, the IRA detonated two bombs at the British Army's headquarters in Lisburn, bringing the violent conflict back to Northern Ireland for the first time since the cease-fire. On May 1, 1997, Tony Blair was elected Great Britain's prime minister. His election brought a renewed sense of optimism and good will to the conflict in Northern Ireland. Responding to Blair's overtures, including his warning that “the settlement train is leaving, with or without them” (Hoge 1997a, A7), the IRA announced on July 19, 1997, that they had “ordered the unequivocal restoration of the cease-fire” (Clarity 1997c, 1). Soon thereafter, Sinn Féin was invited to participate in the peace talks, which reconvened on September 15, 1997.
International Green Marketing and Retail Companies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The studies in the book concentrate on the study of the international marketing and retail companies’ issues. International marketing considering the green marketing or environmental eco-friendly by judging consumers as a core model, while retail companies focused on the financial ratios which affects the performance of the retail industry directly. The findings in this research have provided some feedback for the green marketers in formulating their various strategies on how to attract customers to purchase their green products. It is very important to highlight the green innovation process, as it is easy to imitate the final product, compared to the process. Meanwhile, for retail companies, the results mostly corroborate the known results in the literature on the role of the financial ratios in explaining the performance of the retail companies. In particular, beside those financial ratios, other policies and initiatives could encourage firm growth, which has positive relationship with profitability.
Early diagnosis of esophageal cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The doubling time of esophageal cancer, as measured by x-ray films, was studied retrospectively. The average doubling time of 19 lesions in 18 cases was 6.7 months, but in three cases the lesions doubled within a month. The developing time of depth of invasion in esophageal cancer in 19 lesions were: from mucosa to submucosa, 16 +/- 7.8 months; submucosa to advanced adventitia, 6.6 +/- 3.8 months; mucosa to advanced adventitia, 21.1 +/- 6.8 months. Lugol-staining endoscopy was effective in detecting not only lesions but also margin lines. Capsulated brushing cytology is also effective and the diagnostic rate was 94.5% in total, and 84.4% in superficial cancer. For early detection of esophageal cancer it is most desirable to have examinations once every six months and a combination of these three methods is recommended.
A NEW SET OF FIRST WORLD WAR DIARIES FOR THE MESOPOTAMIA CAMPAIGN, FEBRUARY 1916 TO JUNE 1917

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Two diaries written by a Territorial Force officer serving in Mesopotamia from 1916 to 1917 have been recently discovered. They contain valuable insight into the difficulties and dangers of life on campaign, an account of the action of As Sahilan (11 September 1916), and what appears to be a unique description of the escort of an Ottoman princeling to a prisoner-of-war camp. These diaries help shed light on a theatre of the First World War that is often overlooked in favour of the Western Front. This paper presents some of the most interesting entries and discusses their significance.
Anisotropic molecular motion on cell surfaces.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Photobleaching in a two-dimensional periodic pattern has been used to characterize the motion of succinylconcanavalin A receptors on the surfaces of mouse fibroblasts. These receptors were found to exhibit anisotropic two-dimensional diffusion in adherent cells having parallel stress fibers. Diffusion coefficients of the order of 10(-11) cm2/sec and 10(-12) cm2/sec were measured for diffusive motions parallel and perpendicular to these fibers. The determination of the anisotropic motion used a two-dimensional Fourier analysis. A study was made of the effect of changes in cell shape on the photobleach pattern.
Pulchranin A: First report of isolation from an endophytic fungus and its inhibitory activity on cyclin dependent kinases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fungal factories emerge as a promising source for the production of bioactive natural products. This study reports the isolation and structure elucidation of pulchranin A, for the first time, from an endophytic fungus (Aspergillus TRL1), which was cultured from Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae) stems and identified by DNA ITS sequencing. Pulchranin A showed promising in-vitro cytotoxic effects against breast (MCF-7), liver (Hep-G2) and colorectal (HCT) cell lines, with IC50 values of 63, 80 and 91 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, it inhibited three cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK1, CDK2 and CDK4) in MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 9.82, 15.6 and 2.7 µg/mL, respectively. Results were further supported by in-silico molecular docking of pulchranin A to CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 crystal structures, where it demonstrated good interactions by H-bonding, hydrophobic and Pi-Pi interactions with different amino acid residues of these enzymes. Pulchranin A might be a potential CDK inhibitor in human breast cancer cells.
Transient magnetic field formulation for solid source conductors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The formulation for the azimuthal component of the magnetic vector potential for axisymmetric magnetostatic applications is well known. However for transient magnetic fields with solid source conductors and eddy currents the formulation has to be revised. A variable transformation is introduced to remove the singularity from the numerical scheme. The numerical error cannot accumulate and is put instead to the postprocessing at every time step.
Algebra jam

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We are building a collaborative learning environement that supports teams of students as they collaborate synchronously and remotely to solve situated, multi-step problems involving algebraic modeling. Our system, named Algebra Jam, provides a set of tools to help students overcome two of the most serious impediments to successful collaboration: establishing common ground and maintaining group focus. These tools include tethered and untethered modes of operation including discrepancy notification, a goal-oriented team blackboard, object-oriented chat with collabicons, reification of problem solving roles, and the optional inclusion of a tutor agent as a virtual team participant. The tutor agent not only offers help and feedback on problem solving actions but also accumulates evidence about individual and group problem solving performance in a Bayesian inference network. The system is envisioned as a testbed for developing theories of teaming.
Regulation and Critical Threshold of Grass Cover on Slope Runoff in LoessHilly Gully Region under Artificial

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;The slope runoff caused by rainstorm is the main cause of serious soil and water loss in the loess hilly area, the grassland vegetation has a good inhibitory effect on the slope runoff, it is of great significance to reveal the role of grassland vegetation in the process of runoff generation and control mechanism for controlling soil erosion in this area. In this study, typical grassland slopes in hilly and gully regions of the loess plateau were taken as research objects. Through artificial rainfall in the field, the response rules of slope rainfall-runoff process to different grass coverage were explored. The results show that: (1) The time for the slope flow to stabilize is prolonged with the increase of vegetation coverage, and shortened with the increase of rainfall intensity; (2) At 60 mm&amp;#183;h &lt;sup&gt;&amp;#8722;1&lt;/sup&gt; rainfall intensity, the threshold of grassland vegetation coverage is 75.38%; at 90 mm&amp;#183;h&lt;sup&gt; &amp;#8722;1&lt;/sup&gt; rainfall intensity, the threshold of grassland vegetation coverage is 90.54%; at 120 mm&amp;#183;h &lt;sup&gt;&amp;#8722;1&lt;/sup&gt; rainfall intensity, the impact of grassland vegetation coverage on runoff is not significant; (3) the Reynolds number and Froude number of slope flow are 40.07&amp;#8210;695.22 and 0.33&amp;#8210;1.56 respectively, the drag coefficient is 1.42&amp;#8210;43.53. Under conditions of heavy rainfall, the ability of grassland to regulate slope runoff is limited. If only turf protection is considered, about 90% of grassland coverage can effectively cope with soil erosion caused by climatic conditions in loess hilly and gully regions. Therefore, in loess hilly areas where heavy rains frequently occur, grassland's protective effect on soil erosion is obviously insufficient, and investment in vegetation measures for trees and shrubs should be strengthened.&lt;/p&gt;
Changes in lung function after exposure to vanadium compounds in fuel oil ash

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Seventeen men were studied during the cleaning of bottom ash from the boiler of an oil-fired electricity generating station. The men were exposed to a time weighted average respirable dust (<10 μ) of 523 μg/m(3), containing 15·3% vanadium. Sixteen of the men wore respirators, subsequently found to have peak leakages of up to 9%, while one volunteer had a one-hour exposure wearing only a compressed paper oronasal mask. Symptoms experienced by the men were recorded, urine samples were collected for assessment of vanadium concentration 24 hours after the first exposure, and spirometry was performed daily for four days and on the eight day. Pronounced reductions in forced vital capacity (mean 0·5 l), forced expiratory volume (mean 0·5 l), and forced mid-expiratory flow (mean 1·16 l/s) had occurred within 24 hours of first exposure to the dust, and had not returned to pre-exposure levels by the eight day. Four weeks after exposure no residual deficits were present. A urinary vanadium concentration of 280 μg/l was found in the volunteer, but none of the others had concentrations above the test-threshold of 40 μg/l. Symptoms and signs of airway irritation were noted. The timing, duration, and quality of changes in lung function, however, indicated that the response could not be attributed solely to a reflex bronchial reaction to irritation by an inert dust.
Big Sacaton and Endophyte-Infected Arizona Fescue Germination under Water Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Water availability in the germination stage of plants is crucial for seed germination and as a resource for developing seedlings. The effect of osmotic potential on percent germination and time to germination for big sacaton (Sporobolus wrightii Munro) and Arizona fescue (Festuca arizonica Vasey) was investigated. We predicted that seeds native to semi-arid environments would germinate at osmotic potentials less negative than about -1.5 MPa, the permanent wilting point (PWP) of many agronomic grasses. In addition, the systemic, asexual endophyte Neotyphodium is transmitted through the seed in Arizona fescue and is thought to increase germination of its host. Therefore, we also tested for an effect of the endophyte on germination and time to germination of Arizona fescue under varying osmotic potentials. To test for minimum osmotic potential supporting germination, big sacaton and Arizona fescue seeds were placed on acetate membranes in contact with PEG solutions of varying osmotic potentials for 2 weeks. Both grasses germinated at 50% of maximum germination (at soil saturation) at and below the standard PWP (-1.5 Mpa). Big sacaton and Arizona fescue germinated at 64% and 60% at -1.5 MPa, respectively, and Arizona fescue germinated at 35% at -1.8 MPa (70% was the maximum at saturation). The presence of the Neotyphodium endophyte did not affect percent or time to germination of Arizona fescue at any of the osmotic potentials tested.
Lentil Protein and Tannic Acid Interaction Limits <i>in Vitro</i> Peptic Hydrolysis and Alters Peptidomic Profiles\nof the Proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In\nthis study, the nature of lentil protein-tannic acid (LPTA)\ninteraction and its effect on <i>in vitro</i> pepsin digestion\nwere investigated. LPTA mixtures containing 1% w/v LP and 0.001–0.5%\nTA were prepared and characterized in terms of particle size, thermal\nproperties, and secondary and tertiary structures. A 20-fold increase\nin particle size was observed in LPTA0.5% compared to LP control (without\nTA), indicating aggregation. Static quenching of tryptophan residues\nwithin the protein hydrophobic folds was observed. Increasing TA levels\nalso enhanced protein thermal stability. Over 50% reduction in free\namino groups of LPTA 0.5%, relative to LP, was observed after pepsin\ndigestion. Cleavage specificity of pepsin and peptidomic profile of\nLP were modified by the presence of TA in LPTA 0.5%. This study showed\nthat 0.5% w/v TA induced protein aggregation and reduced LP digestibility\nby hindering the accessibility of pepsin to the protein network, thus\nmodifying the profile of released peptides.
Develop Model for Detection and Localization of Brain Tumor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: A brain tumor is growth of damaged cells in your brain. There are many different types of brain tumors. Some brain tumors are non-cancerous (benign) and some brain tumors are cancerous (malignant). Brain tumors can start in your brain (primary brain tumors), or cancer can start in other parts of your body and spread to your brain as secondary (metastatic) brain tumors. The rate at which a brain tumor grows can vary widely. Brain tumor growth rate and location determine how your nervous system functions. One of the most important and useful tests performed on the brain is an MRI, which is magnetic resonance imaging. All images are tested and analyzed by a radiologist, due to the rapid development in neural networks and machine learning techniques of high performance systems for detecting the diseased part of a person. Machine learning and neural network models play an important role in computer vision. In this revive paper, we did an analysis on many object detection model and summarize the research done on this domain.
Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide Ligand Formation in Hydrogenase Biosynthesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The inside cover picture shows a schematic representation of [FeFe]‐hydrogenase maturation in a microbial community in a geothermal hot spring of Yellowstone National Park, USA. In the stepwise formation of the active site H‐cluster (lower right) of the [FeFe]‐hydrogenase, carbon monoxide and cyanide ligands are synthesized from tyrosine through a radical SAM reaction catalyzed by HydG (lower left, shown here as a ribbon diagram based on a homology model). The synthesis and transfer of these diatomic ligands to the H‐cluster during hydrogenase maturation is discussed in detail in the Microrevierw by John W. Peters, Joan B. Broderick et al. (p. 935 ff ). Photograph and superimposed artwork by courtesy of Kevin Swanson.
Barthes without Althusser: A Different Style of Marxism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The first section of the essay assesses the similitude and differences between the Althusserian concept of ideology and Barthes's concept of ‘ideosphere’, as developed in the seminar on the Neutral. The second section rehearses the different stages of Barthes's complex relation to Marxism and suggests that, in spite of the explicit rejection of the doctrine, there remains a Marxist substratum to Barthes's thought. The third section compares the two theories of ideology and shows that Barthes's insistence on the centrality of language allows him to offer a more comprehensive account of ideology: what begins in a form of allusion to Marxism ends up at a certain distance. The last section wonders what contribution Barthes's theory of ideosphere can make to a Marxist philosophy of language: one unexpected aspect of the answer makes use of the concept of style.
Synthesis of Sulfonamides and Evaluation of Their Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A simple synthesis of sulfonamides 4–22 as novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors is described. The key synthetic strategies involve N–sulfonylation of L–proline benzyl ester hydrochloride (2) and coupling reaction of N–sulfonyl chloride 3 with amines in high yields. It was found that several compounds showed good cellular potency with the most potent compound 20 exhibiting an IC50 = 2.8 μM in vitro.
An update on coronary bypass graft intervention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains one of the most common surgical procedures. In spite of great advancements like arterial grafts and off-pump bypass procedure, recurrent ischaemia may ensue with the lesions of the graft. Early postoperative ischaemia (<30 days) is due to graft occlusion or stenosis, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is frequently feasible. Late postoperative ischaemia (>3 years) is most often due to a saphenous vein graft (SVG) lesion. Multiple diseased grafts, reduced left ventricular function, and available arterial conduits favour repeat CABG, whereas, a patent left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending favours PCI. Embolic protection reduces atheroembolic myocardial infarction during PCI of SVG and should be routinely used in treatment of SVG lesions. A variety of vasodilators may reduce the risk of or mitigate the consequences of no-reflow. Drug-eluting stents reduce restenosis in SVG grafts, and have become the default strategy for many interventionalists.
Clinical profile and disability of children presenting with chronic daily headache in a tertiary care hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The aim of the study is to analyses the clinical profile and disability of children presenting with chronic daily headache to the pediatric outpatient department.Methods: Children and adolescents aged 5-15 years presenting to the paediatric outpatient department with chronic headache were included in the study after obtaining informed consent. Disability due to headache was assessed using the PedMIDAS scoring system. Headache severity was assessed using the visual analog scale for children above 6 years of age and Faces pain scale for children below 6 years.Results: Thirty eight children and adolescents presenting with chronic headache were recruited into the study. Of these children and adolescents, 53% (20) were diagnosed with chronic migraine, 42% (16) children fulfilled the criteria for chronic Tension-type headache and 5% (2) had chronic migraine with aura. The mean Paediatric Migraine Disability Assessment score (PedMIDAS) used to assess the disability due chronic headache was 20.72.Conclusions: Female gender and adolescent age groups are important risk factors for chronic daily headache. Most children and adolescents with CDH have mild disability as assessed using PedMIDAS scoring system.