jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Strength Comparison of Bamboo and Steel Reinforcement in Mud Concrete

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The authors have designed mud concrete, by replacing cement with Over the past decade the price of construction materials like cement, aggregates, steel etc. have increased many folds, making it difficult for rural people to afford the cost of construction. The biggest problem of reinforced cement concrete (RCC) structures is corrosion of steel, as well as carbon footprint. Locally available Red soil, Fly Ash and achieved an approximate strength 20 MPa meeting the requirements of IS 456:2000 as the minimum grade suggested for RCC structures. This research paper discusses the viability of using bamboo bars as an alternative to steel reinforcement bars in mud concrete. In this research five mix design variations are designed as per IS 10262-2009, control mix (M20), 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of partially replaced cement. Each variation comprised of locally available Red Soil (mud), and Fly ash in 2:1 ratio and lime as fixed 5%. Bamboo and steel bars of diameter 12 mm are used. Beam (Prism) of size 500 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm were casted with bamboo and steel reinforcement bars in single and double layers. These were cured and tested in flexure at 7 and 28 days as per IS 516-2002.The results between the beams of all variations are compared. It is found that the beam with doubly reinforced bamboo bars of 50% cement replacement gave similar results to M20 doubly reinforced steel bars with the added advantage of elimination of corrosion, decrease in self weight and non brittle breakage.
Postprostatectomy seizures: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A 75‐year‐old Caucasian male presented with generalized seizures half‐hour post‐transurethral resection of the prostate surgery. The intra‐operative course was complicated by perforation of the posterior wall of the bladder neck during a difficult Foley catheter placement. This resulted in intraperitoneal extravasation of the glycine containing bladder irrigation fluid. An emergent laparotomy was performed, and 3.5–4 L of fluid was drained from the peritoneal cavity. Postoperative course was complicated by two seizures within a short interval. Patient developed profound hyponatremia ( Na of 109 mEq/ L ). However, measured serum osmolality was normal (283 mOsm/kg). The serum osmolality remained relatively stable, indicating that the absorbed glycine and its metabolites remained osmotically active in the intravascular space (until they were dialyzed as mentioned later), making the hyponatremia less pernicious and an unlikely cause of patient's symptoms. The encephalopathy and seizures were ascribed to accumulation of toxic metabolites of glycine, especially ammonia (serum level –1261 mcmol/ L ). During a complicated postoperative period, patient developed oligo‐anuric renal failure, and was started on slow low‐efficiency dialysis for 8 hours resulting in rapid lowering of serum ammonia levels and glycine with reversal of encephalopathy including seizures. There was no recurrence of encephalopathy, seizures, or metabolic acidosis. Although rare, glycine toxicity may be life threatening. The pathophysiology, need for early detection and the role of early use of renal replacement therapy in acute glycine toxicity is discussed below.
Frequency-dependent energy harvesting via magnetic shape memory alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper is focused on presenting an accurate framework to describe frequency-dependent energy harvesting via magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs). Modeling strategy incorporates the phenomenological constitutive model developed formerly together with the magnetic diffusion equation. A hyperbolic hardening function is employed to define reorientation-induced strain hardening in the material, and the diffusion equation is used to add dynamic effects to the model. The MSMA prismatic specimen is surrounded by a pickup coil, and the induced voltage during martensite-variant reorientation is investigated with the help of Faraday's law of magnetic field induction. It has been shown that, in order to harvest the maximum RMS voltage in the MSMA-based energy harvester, an optimum value of bias magnetic field exists, which is the corresponding magnetic field for the start of pseudoelasticity behavior. In addition, to achieve a more compact energy harvester with higher energy density, a specimen with a lower aspect ratio can be chosen. As the main novelty of the paper, it is found that the dynamic effects play a major role in determining the harvested voltage and power, especially for high excitation frequency or specimen thickness.
Double Ressentiment: The Political Communication of Kulturkampf in Hungary

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Emotions have always been invested in politics. Politicians and politically biased public intellectuals manage citizens’ emotions for various purposes: to alienate them from the rival political camp and to make them participate in elections or in politics in general. <em>Ressentiment</em> is an affective style of great political potential and it is present throughout democratic European societies. By analysing the discourses of the culture war between the political camps in Hungary since 2018, this article presents the components, drivers, mechanisms, and some typical outcomes of <em>ressentiment</em> on the levels of the individual and the political communities. It argues that in political communication both political sides are trying to appeal to the citizens’ <em>ressentiment</em>. Both camps use communicative means to incite, channel, and reorient <em>ressentiment</em> by, e.g., scapegoating, identity work, and transvaluation to attract citizens, stabilize their own support, and nudge followers towards specific political activities.
On prevailing Misconceptions regarding the Evidence which we ought to expect of former Glacial Periods

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Within the whole range of geological science there is perhaps not a point on which a greater amount of misapprehension prevails than in regard to the evidence which we ought to expect of former glacial periods. The imperfection of geological records is far greater than is generally believed—so great, indeed, that the mere absence of direct geological evidence can hardly be regarded as sufficient proof that the conclusions derived from astronomical and physical considerations regarding former ice-periods are improbable. Nor is this all. Not only are the geological records of ancient glacial conditions imperfect, but this imperfection follows as a natural consequence from the principles of geology itself. There are not merely so many blanks or gaps in the records, but a reason exists in the very nature of geological evidence why such breaks in the record might naturally be expected to occur. The evidence of Glaciation is to be found chiefly on Land-surfaces. —It is on a land-surface that the principal traces of the action of ice during a glacial epoch are left, for it is there that the stones are chiefly striated, the rocks ground down, and the Boulder-clay formed. But where are all our ancient land-surfaces? They are not to be found. The total thickness of the stratified rocks of Great Britain is, according to Professor Ramsay, nearly fourteen miles. But from the top to the bottom of this enormous pile of deposits there is hardly a single land-surface to be detected. Patches of real old land-surfaces of
Practice and Exploration of Ancient Characters Entering Junior High School Campus Based on the Core Quality of Chinese

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As the source of Chinese characters, ancient characters contain profound cultural connotations. Ancient characters in the junior high school campus, for the inheritance of excellent Chinese traditional culture, improve the understanding of students’ Chinese characters, and enhance the core quality of students have a new value. Based on the cultivation of junior middle school students’ good Chinese core literacy, this paper conducts in-depth research and discussion on the significance and practical strategies of ancient Chinese characters entering junior middle school, to make the wind of ancient Chinese characters blow to every corner of the junior middle school campus so that it can be better carried forward and inherited in the new era.
Study on resistant biotypes of Echinochloa crus-galli in Malaysia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Present study was carried out to identify resistant biotypes of Echinochloa crus-galli and to determine their control \nmeasures by application of herbicides. Propanil, quinclorac and cyhalofop-butyl was tested against 10 populations of \nEchinochloa crus-galli which was collected from rice fields of Kedah, Malaysia. Weed populations such as KPT, SB1, SB2, \nKPE, SY, TD, DB, KB1 and KB2 was identified as resistant biotypes and only KP population recorded as susceptible \nbiotype to propanil. Out of 10 populations, only KB1 was found resistant biotypes and all others identified as susceptible to \nquinclorac. Weed populations of KP, KPT, SB1, KPE, SY and KB2 was found susceptible while SB2, TD and KB1 \nidentified as resistant biotypes to Cyhalofop-butyl. Among 10 tested populations, only KB1 was found resistant biotype to \npropanil, quinclorac and cyhalofop-butyl. The ED50 values from the dose-response experiments indicated that the resistant \nbiotype was >four times resistant to propanil, >10 times resistant to quinclorac and >17 times resistant to cyhalofop-butyl, \nrespectively than susceptible biotype. Resistant biotype KB1 was controlled by combined application of quinclorac and \npropanil at rates of 0.30 and 5.50 and kg a.i. ha-1 or quinclorac and cyhalofop-butyl at rates of 0.30 and 0.80 kg a.i. ha-1, \nrespectively.
Examining the antecedents and consequences of pricing capability: evidence from SMEs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to highlight the need for developing pricing capability (PC) for business-to-business firms to effectively manage and execute the pricing activities in the organization and succeed in a competitive market. Using the firms’ resource-based view, organizational learning theory and organizational capabilities literature, this study develops a conceptual framework in which market-focused learning and firm innovativeness are potential antecedents of PC and pricing value and business performance (BP) are consequences. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted an online e-mail-based survey to collect primary cross-sectional data from the 127 Indian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The partial least squares structural equation modeling technique was used to empirically validate a conceptual framework as well as the research hypotheses. Findings The findings indicate that market-focused learning and firm innovativeness have a substantial influence on PC, which in turn positively affects both pricing value and BP. Moreover, pricing value demonstrates a partial mediating effect on the link between PC and BP. Research limitations/implications This research has certain limitations, namely, using cross-sectional data and limited sample size. More empirical research on the antecedents of PC is required. Practical implications The empirical findings enlighten the SMEs on the significance of developing specialized PC in delivering superior pricing value to customers and achieving greater BP. Originality/value The existing literature lacks empirical data on the development and antecedents of PC, particularly in the SME context. The current study empirically examines the impact of market-focused learning and firm innovativeness on PC.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONSUMSI BUAH-BUAHAN PADA SKALA RUMAH TANGGA DI KOTA MATARAM

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This research aim to analyze the quantities of melon, factors that affect the demand of melon in Mataram City and the elasticity of demand for melons due to changes in price and income. This research was conducted by purposive sampling in Mandalika Market and Cakranegara Fruit Arena. The determination of respondents are divided into two categories were melon traders and consumers of melon, for melon traders to set the entire melon trades, while for consumers of melon was conducted by in quota sampling as much as 30 people. The results of this study showed: 1) The quantities of demand for melons per household in Mataram city in February was an average of 64.75 kg. 2) Factors that influence to the quantities of demand for melon in Mataram city was the price of melons. 3) Price elasticity to demand for melons in Mataram city was 1,295 (Eh > 1) (elastic) and this causes a rise in demand for melons as much as 1.295 kg if the price goes down by 1%, while the price elasticity of revenues was 0.343 (Ep < 1) (inelastic) and this causes a rise in demand for fruit melon as much as 0.343 kg if income rises by 1%.
Reading for translation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This chapter describes an eye tracking study which compared eye movements during reading for comprehension with reading for translation. In addition, the number of target words likely to be used for the translation of a single source word was manipulated. Results showed large significant task effect on Total Reading Time, Average Fixation Duration, Fixation Count, Regression Count and Progressive Saccade Amplitude and the manipulation had a 23ms effect on first fixation durations. This is the first eye tracking study which charts the time course of the effect of translation on source text reading in detail. The results are interpreted in terms of co-activation of the two linguistic systems during translation, in line with previous studies which used different methods.
Two new 8-isopentenyl isoflavane derivatives from Astragalus dolichochaete diels

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Astragali Radix (Huangqi) is one of the well-known traditional Chinese medicines and has been used in China for more than two thousand years. As a close species, Astragalus dolichochaete Diels was found to possess cytotoxicity during our preliminary study of Astragalus plants from Yunnan Province, China. To better understand the chemical foundation of the cytotoxicity, the major constituents of A. dolichochaete were studied. As a result, two new 8-isopentenyl isoflavane derivatives, dolichochaeteins A and B (1 and 2), together with ten known constituents were isolated, and their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopy, mainly 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The cytotoxic activities were evaluated for the raw extract, ethyl acetate fraction, compound 2 and glyasperin H (3) against human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901, human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 and human leukemic cell line K562. All the samples exhibited significant cytotoxicity.
Upgrading and Reforming for Control System of Combustion Gas Turbine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Author has introduced the technical features for the operating system MARK VI of combustion gas turbine from aspects of Human Machine Interface,control function,protection system,starting-up permission and shutdown interlock etc.;has briefly described the reformation process and the correction method for control system from MARK IV to MARK VI;has presented the operating steps and requirement for starting the MARK VI system;has analyzed the problems to be solved after upgrading and reforming;has commented the operating effect after upgrading and reforming.Result indicates that the operation by computer is realized from CRT to HMI in the control system of combustion gas,the control level and the operation level are increased for the computer system in all directions.
Intensive care unit observation after pancreatectomy: Treating the patient or the surgeon?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Routine intensive care unit admission (ICUA) is commonplace following pancreatectomy, particularly pancreaticoduodenectomy. The value of this practice in avoiding failure‐to‐rescue is poorly studied. Methods We queried our institutional National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database for patients undergoing pancreatectomy from 2013 to 2020. Postoperative dispositions, ICU courses, and hospital cost data in United States Dollars (USD) were captured. Data were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. Results Six‐hundred‐thirty‐seven patients were identified; 404 (63%) underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. Postoperatively, 398 (99%) pancreaticoduodenectomies and 110 (47%) distal pancreatectomies had ICUA; two‐thirds ( n = 318, 63%) did not require immediate postoperative ICU‐level interventions at ICUA. Of these, 17 (5.3%) subsequently required ICU‐level interventions during initial ICUA, most commonly antiarrhythmic infusion ( n = 12). Thirty‐day and 90‐day mortality in patients requiring immediate ICU‐level interventions was 5% ( n = 10) and 8% ( n = 16) versus 0.3% ( n = 1) and 1.2% ( n = 4) in those without, respectively. Hospital length of stay was significantly longer with initial ICU‐level interventions (median 11 vs. 9 days, p < 0.001), as were total ICU costs (mean 8683 vs. 14611 USD, p < 0.001). Conclusion At high‐volume pancreas centers, patients without immediate postoperative ICU‐level interventions are very low risk for failure‐to‐rescue. Ward admission with a low threshold for care escalation presents a significant opportunity for cost‐savings and un‐burdening ICUs.
Epidemiology of perinatal depression in Portugal: categorical and dimensional approach.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to estimate depressive disorder and symptomatology prevalence and incidence in perinatal period in a population-based sample. Three-hundred and eighty six Portuguese women (mean age=30.08 years, SD=4.21) were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies and completed Beck Depression Inventory-II/BDI-II and Postpartum Depression Screening Scale/PDSS, in pregnancy and postpartum. OPCRIT polydiagnostic system generated ICD-10 and DSM-IV diagnoses. One-month prevalence in pregnancy was of 2.3%/ICD-10 and 1.3%/DSM-IV; in postpartum it was of 16.6% and 11.7%. Pregnancy incidence was of 0%/ICD-10 and .3%/DSM-IV and in postpartum of 7.5%/ ICD-10 and 4.9%/DSM-IV. Depression pregnancy point-prevalence found with BDI-II cutoffs ranged from 13.7% to 19.4% in pregnancy and from .8% to 13.0% in postpartum and with PDSS from 14.2% to 17.9% in pregnancy and from 3.9% to 12.7% in postpartum. In the same sample, different diagnostic systems generated different prevalence and incidence rates. Higher prevalence rates were found using self-reported questionnaires. ICD-10 generated higher prevalence and incidence rates than DSM-IV.
[Genetic counseling and genetic services].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Advances in knowledge about the genetic basis of disease have lead to an increasing demand for and expectation of genetic counselling and genetic services. This presents a new challenge to the health care system, as well as a need for professional education and public dialogue. In this review the current provision of genetic counselling and services is described, especially with the focus on the process of counselling and the persons presenting for counselling. Genetic counselling is seen as an information process and the scenarios for decision-making are discussed. The future development of genetic services should be developed within an ethical framework and the importance of quality assessment is underlined.
Research on Influencing Factors of Exhibitor Satisfaction in China

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Based on the diversity of exhibitors' needs and complexity of exhibition services, this research used SPSS 15.0 and IPA method to analyze the importance and performance of 22 factors that might influence the perceived satisfaction of exhibitors to an exhibition, so as to identify the various needs of exhibitors encounter at an exhibition, to rank their relative importance and measure what extent these needs should be delivered by exhibition organizers, expo center and related service institutes through the case of East China Fair 2009(ECF2009). This research will provide a better way to understand the needs of Chinese exhibitors, give suggestions to exhibition organizers and venues, and also contribute to the existing body of knowledge in an attempt to understand exhibitor satisfaction in different economic and cultural settings.
The Attachment and Entry of Leishmania (Leishmania) Major into Macrophages: Observation by Scanning Electron Microscope

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Leishmaniasis, a zoonotic protozoan disease, starts with the inoculation of the Leishmania promastigotes into the skin at the time of blood ingestion by a female sandfly. The infection of leishmaniasis is established when the Leishmania organisms start their own intracellular multiplication after having been phagocytized by the host's macrophages. In the earliest stage of the infection, therefore, the attachment of the promastigates to the macrophages is essential. We incubated a mixed culture of macrophages (JM774‐1A) and Leishmania (Leishmania) major for 6 hours in vitro and observed the process of the attachment between the parasite and host cell by scanning electron microscope. We found for the first time that the attachment between the two occurred at the site of the parasite body, in addition to the previously reported sites of the flagellar tip, flagellar base, and aflagellar tip (posterior pole).
Technology Research on Purifying Juglone from Cortex Juglans Mandshuricae by Column Chromatography

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Objective:The extractions from cortex juglans mandshuricae have low content juglone,so this assay seeks an effective method for puriying and determining the conditions.Methods:It chooses the proper resin by absorption experiments,and the purifying conditions has been investigated by combining resin column and silica gel column.The results show that,the CAD45 resin is available.The purification is 75.9% and recovery rate is 4.8% when the sample flowing rate and eluting rate is 0.3 mL/min.The production has been conformed by FT-IR spectrum..Conclusion:It can purify the juglone from cortex juglans mandshuricae by resin column combining silica gel column and the technology can be used into industrial production.