jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

For most patients, receiving a cancer diagnosis is an anxiety provoking experience. During this overwhelming time, many of our patients who are interested or curious find it difficult to make informed decisions about the use of integrative therapies. An integrative health professional, knowledgeable about cancer and integrative therapies, can be an invaluable resource. The main objective of the integrative oncology encounter is to enhance the exchange of ideas between patients and clinicians regarding complementary and alternative medicine decisions, and to direct the patient to beneficial therapies. Use of mind body therapies in supportive cancer care has become commonplace throughout cancer centers in the United States and abroad. Imagery has gained significant popularity as a mind–body technique used by cancer patients throughout the course of treatment and into survivorship. Hypnosis is a state of calm focused attention that utilizes enhanced mental imagery and directed suggestions for therapeutic purposes in patients.
Analisis Keseuaian Lahan untuk Pengembangan Tanaman Kehutanan di Sub DAS Ake Leijemata DAS Ake Lamo Kabupaten Halmahera Barat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The pressure on land resources in the Ake Leijamata Sub-DAS is mainly related to increasing the use of land for agriculture. The increase in land use for agriculture in the Ake Leijemata Sub-DAS has led to the conversion of limited production forest (LPF) and Protected Forest (PF) areas to agricultural land. So that the condition of the Ake Leijamata Sub-DAS does not continue to experience a decline in quality, a land use plan that is in accordance with its potential is needed through land suitability analysis. This study aims to evaluate land suitability and determine land management directions for the development of teak and jabon crops in the Ake Leijamata Sub- DAS. This study used the purposive sampling method where the observation of homogeneous land units (12 units of land). Land suitability analysis uses a matching method between land quality and the requirements for growing crops including teak and jabon plants. The results showed that the actual land suitability for teak and jabon crops was 771.3 ha (48.9%) and non-conforming (N) covering an area of 806.9 ha (51.1%). In particular, the appropriate land is divided into sufficient classes (S2) covering an area of 399.3 ha (25.3%) and according to marginal (S3) covering an area of 372.0 ha (23.6%). In potential conditions, very suitable class land (S1) covering an area of 35.6 ha (2.3%), quite appropriate (S2) covering an area of 363.7 ha (23.0%) and marginalized (S3) covering an area of 372.0 ha (23.6%). Efforts to improve dry month limiting factors through the provision of water from surface water (river water) or the manufacture of water harvesting buildings (dams), rainfall limiting factors specifically for teak plants are improved through soil treatment and the manufacture of drainage channels, nitrogen and potassium nutrient limiting factors are improved through the application of urea and KCl fertilizers or using compound fertilizers (phonska). Improvement of erosion hazard limiting factors through the application of agroforestry systems, planting according to contours, and planting of ground cover crops (legume cover croop). Meanwhile, improvements to the threat of flooding can be done through the creation of flood prevention buildings or planting plants on river embankments.
Paradoxical helminthiasis and giardiasis in Cape Town, South \nAfrica: epidemiology and control

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. South Africa has endorsed a World Health Assembly (WHA) \nresolution calling for control of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). In \nCape Town, services and housing that exist in old-established suburbs \nshould minimise the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections, even \nwhen residents are poor. Where families live in shacks in \ndensely-populated areas without effective sanitation, more than 90% of \nchildren can be infected by STHs. The humoral immune response to worms \ntheoretically favours infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis \nand HIV. Objectives. Obtain estimates of gender-, age-, school-related \nand overall prevalence of helminthiasis and giardiasis in a low-income \nbut well-serviced community. Assess possible sources of infection. \nAlert health services to the need for control measures and the threat \nfrom protozoal pathogens. Warn that the immune response to intestinal \nparasites may favour tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/ AIDS. Methods. A \ncross-sectional study of the prevalence of helminthiasis and giardiasis \nwas carried out in a large, non-selective sample of children attending \nnine schools. Gender, school and age effects were related to \nnon-medical preventive services, sewage disposal practices and possible \nsources of infection. Results. The overall STH infestation rate was \n55.8%. Prevalence was in?uenced by school and age but not by gender. \nEggs and cysts were seen at the following prevalences: Ascaris 24.8%; \nTrichuris 50.6%; Hymenolepis nana 2.2%; Enterobius 0.6%; Giardia 17.3%; \nhookworm 0.08%; and Trichostrongylus 0.1%. Approximately 60% of sewage \nsludge is used in a form that will contain viable eggs and cysts. \nConclusions. Prevalence trends in this old community in Cape Town could \nindicate infection by swallowing eggs or cysts on food or in water, \nmore than by exposure to polluted soil. Sewage sludge and ef?uent might \nbe sources of infection. In adjacent, underserviced, newer communities, \npromiscuous defaecation occurs. Probable vectors are discussed. The \nimmune response to intestinal parasites might be a risk factor for \nHIV/AIDS and TB.
Modified polydimethylsiloxane surface as selective sorbent for the isolation of (S)-isomer in cypermethrin / Non Daina Masdar

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a novel selective sorbent was prepared by immobilization of NBoc-Phenylalanine-NBoc-Histidine (BCPA) chiral selector with modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface for the isolation of the (S)-isomer in cypermethrin (CPM) compound prior to its determination by gas chromatography-micro electron captured detector (GC-ECD). Characterization of the newly synthesized sorbent material was performed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Tensiometer (TM) to correlate sorbent characteristics with their performance. ATR-FTIR and NMR studies indicate strong hydrogen bonding interactions between polydimethylsiloxane and NBoc-Phenylalanine-NBoc-Histidine chiral selector (BCPA) immobilization. XPS indicates the elemental composition and chemical state of the chiral selector that exists within the immobilized structure. The applicability of the new sorbent for the isolation of (S)-isomer from alpha cypermethrin (ACPM) standard compound was examined by direct solid-liquid interface adsorption method followed by GC-ECD analysis. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to assist the optimization of both adsorption and GC methods. The enantioseparation of the CPM compound was performed on a CycloSil B capillary column. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.020 -1.200 gmL-1 with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9612. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.467 and 1.41 gmL-1, respectively, and acceptable recoveries were achieved in the range of 66.44 to 118.82 %. Results show that the incorporation of NBoc-Phenylalanine-NBoc-Histidine chiral selector with modified PDMS surface polymer had provided an enantiomer discriminating capability to the sorbent. It indicates that NBoc-Phenylalanine-NBoc-Histidine chiral selector had specifically exhibited enantio-selectivity for (S)-isomer. An analytical Eco-Scale was then measured as an approach to evaluate the greenness of this analytical methodology. The Eco-Scale score of 77 results from the minimal reagent/solvents used in this analysis proves that this straightforward isolation method can be considered as an excellent green analysis that is highly selective towards (S)-isomer.
Effect of Kasai Procedure on Hepatic Outcome in Alagille Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objectives: Alagille syndrome (AGS) frequently presents with neonatal jaundice and can mimic other causes of high γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) cholestasis, most notably biliary atresia. As a result infants with AGS may undergo intraoperative cholangiogram and even Kasai procedure. The aim of the study was to assess the hepatic outcomes of children with AGS who underwent the Kasai procedure. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of the AGS clinical database at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia was performed to identify clinically defined patients with AGS who underwent a Kasai. A cohort of Alagille control subjects was selected with equivalent symptoms of neonatal jaundice and matched for age and presence of cardiac anomaly. JAGGED1 ‐mutation analysis was performed on available samples. Clinical courses were reviewed. Fisher exact and t tests were used for analysis. Results: Of the 430 patients with AGS, 19 underwent a Kasai procedure (K). The control cohort (C) consisted of 36 patients. Total bilirubin measured between 6 and 10 weeks of age in each cohort was equivalent (K: 9.6 mg/dL, C: 8.7 mg/dL); GGT levels were higher in the control group (K:493.4 U/L, C:574.4 U/L). Of note, the Kasai cohort had a significantly larger number of liver transplants (K: 9 [47.3%], C: 5 [13.9%], P = 0.01) and sustained higher mortality (K: 6 [31.6%], C: 1 [2.8%], P = 0.005). There was no genotype‐phenotype correlation between the mutations identified and patients who underwent Kasai. Conclusions: These data suggest that the Kasai procedure, although appropriate for children with biliary atresia, does not benefit children with AGS and actually appears to worsen outcome. The current data suggest that the Kasai is not a marker for underlying severe liver disease, but the procedure itself may have a detrimental effect on outcome. An appropriate medical evaluation and particular consideration of AGS is essential before surgical referral in infants with high GGT cholestasis.
Practical quantum encryption protocol with varying encryption configurations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Quantum communication is an important application that derives from the\nburgeoning field of quantum information and quantum computation. Focusing on\nsecure communication, quantum cryptography has two major directions of\ndevelopment, namely quantum key distribution and quantum encryption. In this\nwork we propose a quantum encryption protocol that utilizes a quantum algorithm\nto create blocks of ciphertexts based on quantum states. The main feature of\nour quantum encryption protocol is that the encryption configuration of each\nblock is determined by the previous blocks, such that additional security is\nprovided. We then demonstrate our method by an example model encrypting the\nEnglish alphabet, with numerical simulation results showing the large error\nrate of a mock attack by a potential adversary. With possible future\nimprovements in mind, our quantum encryption protocol is a capable addition to\nthe toolbox of quantum cryptography.\n
Determination of Low Concentrations of Mercury Based on the Electrodeposition Time

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Soil plays a crucial role in human health through its impact on food and habitation. However, it often contains toxic heavy metals, with mercury being particularly hazardous when methylated. Currently, high-sensitivity, rapid detection of mercury is achievable only through electrochemical measurements. These measurements require pretreatment of the soil sample and the preparation of a calibration curve tailored to the sample’s condition. In this study, we developed a method to determine the environmental standard value of mercury content in soil by significantly reducing the pretreatment process. Our approach involves analyzing current peaks from electrodeposition times using specific electrodes and solvent settings. This method demonstrates low error rates under low concentration conditions and can detect mercury levels as low as 0.5 ppb in soil leachate and reagent dilution series. This research facilitates the determination of low mercury concentrations in solutions containing various soil micro-compounds without the need for calibration curves.
<title>Preliminary investigation into the analytical potential of the fiber-drop analyzer for body-fluid analysis</title>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A preliminary study has been made into the temporal and spectral characteristics of internally illuminated liquid drops using the Fiber Drop Analyzer (FDA) with the objective of using this instrument for the diagnosis of disease in synovial fluid based on measurements of viscosity, absorbance and other parameters. Two approaches to the measurement of viscosity are identified and described. This study describes for the first time the operation of a multiwavelength FDA. Spectral absorbance of liquids containing 10 ppb rhodamine-b are made and the sensitivity of the FDA compared with standard spectra-photometric techniques. The variation in returned signal as a function of drop growth phase obtained from three water based solutions are qualitatively investigated and the understanding of the measurement potential of the instrument system is discussed.
Breast-feeding and infant feeding practices in selected rural and semi-urban communities in Kemaman, Terengganu.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A survey was carried out in the district of Kemaman, Terengganu, Malaysia to study infant feeding practices in rural and semi-urban communities. A total of 593 mothers were interviewed and their socio-demographic information recorded. Data on infant feeding practices were collected from mothers who had children up to 15 months of age. Among breast-feeding mothers (n =157), 42.0 % fed their babies for less than 3 months and 58.0% bottle fed for more than 6 months. Sixteen children were found to be fed on sweetened condensed milk with 62.5% of them for the first 3 months. Among those who breast fed their babies, 40.1% were found to have bottle fed at one time or another. The majority of breast feeding mothers belonged to the groups having incomplete primary schooling or completed primary education only and household income below RM600 per month. A substantial number of breast fed babies were given weaning foods in the form of porridge mixture (rice + egg, rice + vegetables, rice + meat, rice+ fish and cereals) between the age of 0 - 3 months. The findings of this study concluded that although breast-feeding is widely practiced, however, their duration has dwindled, and early introduction of solid foods is widespread.
We linked risk estimates from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s National Air Toxics

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Assessment (NATA) to racial and socioeconomic characteristics of census tracts in Maryland (2000 Census) to evaluate disparities in estimated cancer risk from exposure to air toxics by emission source category. In Maryland, the average estimated cancer risk across census tracts was highest from on-road sources (50 % of total risk from nonbackground sources), followed by nonroad (25%), area (23%), and major sources (&lt; 1%). Census tracts in the highest quartile defined by the fraction of African-American residents were three times more likely to be high risk (&gt; 90th percentile of risk) than those in the lowest quartile (95 % confidence interval, 2.0–5.0). Conversely, risk decreased as the proportion of whites increased (p &lt; 0.001). Census tracts in the lowest quartile of socioeconomic position, as measured by various indicators, were 10–100 times more likely to be high risk than those in the highest quartile. We observed substantial risk disparities for onroad, area, and nonroad sources by socioeconomic measure and on-road and area sources by race. There was considerably less evidence of risk disparities from major source emissions. We found a statistically significant interaction between race and income, suggesting a stronger relationship between race and risk at lower incomes. This research demonstrates the utility of NATA for assessing regional environmental justice, identifies an environmental justice concern in Maryland, and suggests that on-road sources may be appropriate targets for policies intended to reduce the disproportionate environmental health burden among economically disadvantaged and minority populations. Key words: air toxics, cancer, disparity, environmental justice, exposure, income, NATA, race. Environ Health Perspect 113:693–699 (2005). doi:10.1289/ehp.7609 available via
Estimation of the Proportion of Defective Units by Using Group Testing Under the Existence of a Threshold of Detection

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Group testing procedures, in which groups containing several units are tested without testing each unit, are widely used as cost-effective procedures in estimating the proportion of defective units in a population. A problem arises when we apply these procedures to the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), because the analytical instrument for detecting GMOs has a threshold of detection. If the group size (i.e., the number of units within a group) is large, the GMOs in a group are not detected due to the dilution even if the group contains one unit of GMOs. Thus, most people conventionally use a small group size (which we call conventional group size) so that they can surely detect the existence of defective units if at least one unit of GMOs is included in the group. However, we show that we can estimate the proportion of defective units for any group size even if a threshold of detection exists; the estimate of the proportion of defective units is easily obtained by using functions implemented in a spreadsheet. Then, we show that the conventional group size is not always optimal in controlling a consumer's risk, because such a group size requires a larger number of groups for testing. Keywords: Confidence intervalsGenetically modified organismsGroup testingRisk managementThreshold of detectionMathematics Subject Classification: 62D0562P10
Postoperative Hyperbilirubinemia Suggests the Occurrence of Complications After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Serum bilirubin levels frequently increase after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Several studies have reported hyperbilirubinemia in patients with postoperative complications. We aimed to perform a detailed large‐scale analysis to clarify this association. Methods We compared postoperative serum bilirubin levels of 200 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy, with and without postoperative complications, from January 2008 to July 2013 at Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. We also analyzed other risk factors for postoperative hyperbilirubinemia by univariate and multivariate analyses in an attempt to determine the mechanism of postoperative hyperbilirubinemia. Results Hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin >2.0 mg/dL) occurred in 71 patients (35.5 %). The mean total bilirubin peak level was 1.5 mg/dL in patients without complications, 2.0 mg/dL in those with at least one complication, 2.1 mg/dL in those with pneumonia, and 2.3 mg/dL in those with anastomotic leakage. Bilirubin levels were significantly higher in each complication group than in the non‐complication group ( p < 0.05 for all). Risk factors of postoperative hyperbilirubinemia by univariate analysis were the preoperative bilirubin level, video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery, three‐field lymph node dissection, thoracic duct resection, prolonged surgical duration, severe complications (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥3), and severe anastomotic leakage (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥3). In contrast, the pT factor and postoperative enteral nutrition were negatively associated with postoperative hyperbilirubinemia. Risk factors by multivariate analysis were the preoperative bilirubin level, prolonged surgical duration, severe complications, and postoperative enteral nutrition. Conclusions Although various factors impact postoperative hyperbilirubinemia, postoperative complications were most significantly associated with postoperative hyperbilirubinemia. Patients with postoperative hyperbilirubinemia after esophagectomy must be managed more carefully because unnoticed complications may be associated with hyperbilirubinemia.
Media, Nationalism and the Welfare System

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to investigate and explain the portrayal of refugees in Swedish media, and to use the media as a way of understanding society at large. The analysis is based on newspaper articles written during times when nationalist parties have been in parliament in Sweden, the periods being 1990 to 1995 and 2010 to 2015. By looking at how the media portrays and reports on refugees through the theoretical framework chosen, the aim is to explain why there is a reoccurrence of nationalism in society. The result suggests that there are issues in the existing world system; In the world system of today, trade is carried out across borders, with labour and goods flowing back and forth between nations. At the same time, there is no consensus on what the role of the welfare state is in the globalized world, leading to debates on the right of access to a welfare system of another state. Thus, nationalists can argue that an outsider are claiming rights to a system that is not theirs. This in turns leads to a division between “us” and “them”, based on citizenship. Citizenship is used as method of claiming that one has a greater right than another, which in turn then means that people are not inherently equal, but that equality is applicable to those with citizenship alone. As long as there is no consensus on the equal right to access the welfare system, nationalism can continue to claim that some have greater right than others. Keywords:
Enhancement in Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in Nanostructured Bi2Te3 with Semimetal Nanoinclusions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The effect of Bi (semimetal) nanoinclusions in nanostructured Bi 2 Te 3 matrices is investigated. Bismuth nanoparticles synthesized by a low temperature solvothermal method are incorporated into Bi 2 Te 3 matrix phases, synthesized by planetary ball milling. High density pellets of the Bi nanoparticle/Bi 2 Te 3 nanocomposites are created by hot pressing the powders at 200 °C and 100 MPa. The effect of different volume fractions (0–7%) of Bi semimetal nanoparticles on the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and carrier concentration is reported. Our results show that the incorporation of semimetal nanoparticles results in a reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity in all the samples. A significant enhancement in power factor is observed for Bi nanoparticle volume fraction of 5% and 7%. We show that it is possible to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity and increase the power factor resulting in an increase in figure of merit by a factor of 2 (from ZT = 0.2 to 0.4). Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity as a function of carrier concentration data are consistent with the electron filtering effect, where low‐energy electrons are preferentially scattered by the barrier potentials set up at the semimetal nanoparticle/semiconductor interfaces.