jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Summary of the methods of restraining the decline of evaluation accuracy on the degree of coronary stenosis caused by coronary artery calcification at the present stage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), as a non-invasive method to detect the degree of coronary artery stenosis, is often used as a primary screening method for asymptomatic patients, but the performance in positive predictive value often fluctuates. The main reason is the partial volume effect caused by large area coronary artery calcification plaque, which limits the clinical application of CCTA. This article summarizes the methods of suppressing evaluation errors on the degree of stenosis caused by coronary artery calcification, in order to provide some reference for clinical workers in the treatment of patients with severe calcification.
Hyaluronic Acid: Glimmer of Optimism for Black Triangles

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Interdental papilla reconstruction,in esthetic areas is proven to be one of the most challenging tasks in periodontology.Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan molecule with anti inflammatory, anti-edematous properties on periodontal tissues invaded by submicrobial flora.Case report: A 35 years old male patient reported to department of periodontics and oral implantology, Jaipur dental college with the chief complaint of loss of gum (inter dental papilla),i.e.black triangle, in the upper front teeth(anterior maxillary teeth).Patient was esthetically concerned about this.Treatment planning was to reconstruct the lost interdental papilla by injecting 0.2% hyaluronic acid via nonsurgical approach.The procedure was performed after a standardized working protocol of injecting dermal fillers in papillae, digital photographing and measuring the outcomes for observation periods between 2 weeks to 3 months.Conclusion: Injecting dermal fillers in gingiva resulted in a volume raise of papillae height.The use of dermal fillers is a minimally invasive way to optimize gingival contours.It is a non-invasive approach which reduces patient's postoperative discomfort with marked variations in the volume of interdental papilla before and after the procedure.
P052 Impact of COVID-19 pandemic in treatment Adherence in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Treatment adherence is a frequent problem in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). It is known that non-adherence has a negative impact on disease outcomes. The fear of immunosuppressive effects of IBD treatments may influence treatment adherence behavior during COVID-19 outbreak, although information is scarce. The aim of this study was to describe treatment adherence in IBD patients during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed between August 24 and September 10, 2020 in patients in follow-up in the IBD Program of Clínica las Condes tertiary referral center. An online survey was sent through REDCap®, including adherence to IBD medication, treatment suspension or modification causes and fear of coronavirus infection. Statistical analysis was performed using frequency, medians, and Mann Whitney test (P < 0,05). RESULTS: A total of 458 patients responded to the survey (32% of IBD patients in follow-up); 66% women, 65% ulcerative colitis, median age 38 (range 18–90). Most of the patients were working, 46% teleworking and 17% in person. The treatment at the beginning of the pandemic was 5-ASA (46%), azathioprine/methotrexate (16%), biological therapy (25%), and no treatment (10%). Nine percent of the patients suspended treatment, with the majority of those self-discontinuing (70%) and 22% modified the treatment (62% due to medical indication). In the univariate analysis, patients receiving immunomodulator/biological therapy discontinued treatment less frequently (P = 0.018). Other variables such as age, gender, comorbidities, type of IBD and working status were not related to treatment adherence. Seventy percent of patients reported fear of developing COVID-19 due to IBD. Female patients reported significantly more fear [female 73 (IQR 50 – 90) vs male 57 (IQR 30 – 78,7); P = 0.0008]. Although patients with additional comorbidities reported significantly more fear of developing COVID-19 [comorbidity 72,5 (IQR 50 – 90) vs without comorbidity 69 (IQR 40,5 – 80)], this did not impact discontinuation of therapy. The adherence to immunomodulator/biological therapies were not associated with fear of developing COVID-19. CONCLUSION: In this study, adherence to IBD treatment was higher than what has previously been published but may be impacted by fear of infection with COVID-19. Education strategies implemented by the IBD multidisciplinary team may improve medication adherence.
Jean Geoffroy and the Conflicted Response to Childhood Epidemics in Fin-de-Siècle France

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the medical paintings of working-class children by Naturalist artist Jean Geoffroy. It argues that while officially commissioned paintings and illustrations follow the Pasteurian hygiene campaign, others are steeped in traditions of folk remedies and anticipated divine intervention on behalf of sick children. It fleshes out the politics of medicine against a conservative Catholic background that continued to exercise significant influence over working-class families in France. Geoffroy's "Catholic" medical paintings are devoid of irony and appear to sympathetically address the case of support for sisterhoods devoted to nursing that were being threatened politically, the reality that a concerning number of children died in the hospital in late-nineteenth-century France, and that hygienic measures and spaces of care for children instituted or encouraged under the Third Republic were less than adequate where the life and health of children were concerned. This chapter also discusses regional and local resistance by doctors as well as institutions to state-wide measures in medicine and Geoffroy's engagement in these issues. It acknowledges Geoffroy's political savviness in focusing on women and girls rather than males in his medical paintings that demonstrated some form of resistance to Third Republic policies, arguing that they were less likely to attract controversy. Ultimately, we find that Geoffroy engaged in a conflicted response to the serious reality of continued staggering statistics of the death of children and babies due to contagious illness in late-nineteenth-century France.
Why not translate metaphor in French crime fiction? The case of

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Crime fiction’s positioning as a low status popular genre has implications for the translation of textual markers normally associated with high literature. I present an empirical case study of metaphor translation in the 2011 English-language edition of French crime writer Caryl Férey’s novel Utu (2004), showing that the translation contains 31 % fewer metaphors than the source text. To analyse this difference, I examine the translation through literary theory and through the practice of established crime fiction translators to reveal gaps in our understanding of cross-lingual metaphorical norms in crime fiction. I then look at how metaphors are cognitively processed and argue that metaphor matters in crime fiction because it influences readers ’ emotional engagement with texts.
High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells with Zinc Sulfide-Phenanthroline Derivatives as the Hybrid Cathode Interlayers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Environmentally benign hybrid interlayers are prepared by modifying the zinc sulfide (ZnS) with phenanthroline/derivatives and utilized in inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs). Performances of the inverted PSCs are improved enormously by incorporating these hybrid interlayers, as which can effectively improve the energy level alignment, electron mobility, surface morphology, and interfacial contact. Greatly improved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 7.79%, 8.00%, 7.47%, and 7.56% are achieved with these hybrid interlayers ZnS-BCP, ZnS-Bphen, ZnS-Mphen, and ZnS-Phen, respectively, compared to the PCE of 2.99% of the reference ZnS-based device, based on PTB7:PC71BM active layer. Our results demonstrate that hybrid interfacial materials comprising inorganic and organic semiconductor possess promising potential to improve the performance of organic electronic devices, and set an example to develop this novel class of interfacial materials for electronic devices.
Spectrophotometric studies of V(IV) 4-Hydroxy 3-formylazobenzene and Mg(II) and Ni(II) Sodium 4-Hydroxy 3-formylazobenzene 4' -Sulphonate Complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Department of Chemistry, University of Jodhpur, Jodhpur Manuscript received 18 September 1972; revised 22 February 1973; accept-ed 15 February 1974 Spectrophotometric studies of V(IV) 4-Hydroxy 3-formylazobenzene and Mg(II) and Ni(II) Sodium 4-Hydroxy 3-formylazobenzene 4' -Sulphonate Complexes
The interaction of environmental nutrient load and fish waste concentrations Dicentrarchus labrax L. on the waste nutrient removal efficiency of sea lettuce Ulva lactuca L.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Aim of the study : The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of environmental nutrient load and fish waste concentrations on the waste nutrient removal efficiency of seaweed in a fish-seaweed IMTA, using sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca L.) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) as model species. Materials and methods : Sea lettuce was reared indoors in 10 liter tanks under controlled conditions (temperature 17.0±0.5°C, photon flux density 150µmol.m-2.s-1, photoperiod 12D:12L). Four media were created which differed in macronutrient (N, P & K) concentrations thereby simulating 4 environmental nutrient loads; oligotrophic environment (0.03mg N.l.-1, 0.003mg P.l.-1 & 0.37mg K.l.-1), mesotrophic environment (0.15mg N.l.-1, 0.014mg P.l.-1 & 0.37mg K.l.-1), eutrophic environment (0.41mg N.l.-1, 0.035mg P.l.-1 & 0.35mg K.l.-1) and ultra-eutrophic environment (1.2mg N.l.-1, 0.1mg P.l.-1 & 0.35mg K.l.-1). Different concentrations of sea bass waste were added to each simulated environment. Growth and tissue content of sea lettuce were determined and nutrient concentrations in the water were measured to investigate the interaction of environmental nutrient load and fish waste concentrations on the waste nutrient removal efficiency of sea lettuce. Results & Discussion : Results on growth and tissue composition of sea lettuce exposed to different environmental nutrient loads and fish waste concentrations will be presented. These results should give more insights in the waste nutrient removal efficiency of sea lettuce reared in open sea IMTAs.
Characterization of and Ethanol Hyper-production byClostridium thermocellumI-1-B

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

An ethanol hyper-producing clostridial strain, I-1-B, was isolated from Shibi hot spring, Kagoshima prefecture and identified as Clostridium thermocellum based on morphological and physiological proper­ ties. The carbohydrates used as energy sources were glucose, fructose, cellobiose, cellulose and esculin. Fermentation products were ethanol, lactate, acetate, formate, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. The optimum, maximum, and minimum temperature for growth are about 60, 70, and 47°C, respectively. Optimum pH for growth is about 7.5, and growth occurs at starting pH between 6.0 and 9.0. I-1-B strain has strong tolerance for ethanol and hyper ethanol-productivity. Ethanol concentrations causing 50%. decrease of growth yield are 27 and 16g/liter for I-1-B and ATCC27405 of C. thermocellum, respectively. The organism was cultured on a medium containing 80 g/liter cellulose at 60°C for 156 h. The culture was fed with a vitamin mixture containing vitamin B12 and mineral salts solution at intervals. In this culture the organism produced 23.6 g/liter (512mM) ethanol, 8.5 g/liter (94mM) lactate, 2.9 g/liter (48mM) acetate, and 0.9 g/liter (20mM) formate. The molar ratio of ethanol to total acidic products was 3.2. The ethanol productivity of the strain I-1-B is superior to any of the wild and mutant strains of C. thermocellum so far reported.
Ultrafast Vibrational Response of Activated C–D Bonds in a Chloroform–Platinum(II) Complex

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The vibrational response of the activated C-D bond in the chloroform complex [Pt(C6H5)2(btz-N,N')·CDCl3, where btz = 2,2'-bi-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazine] is studied by linear and nonlinear two-dimensional infrared (2D-IR) spectroscopy. The change of the C-D stretching vibration of metal-coordinated CDCl3 relative to the free solvent molecule serves as a measure of the non-classical Pt···D-C interaction strength. The stretching absorption band of the activated C-D bond displays a red shift of 119 cm-1 relative to uncoordinated CDCl3, a strong broadening, and an 8-fold enhancement of spectrally integrated absorption. The infrared (IR) absorption and 2D-IR line shapes are governed by spectral diffusion on 200 fs and 2 ps time scales, induced by the fluctuating solvent CDCl3. The enhanced vibrational absorption and coupling to solvent forces are assigned to the enhanced electric polarizability of the activated C-D bond. Density functional theory calculations show a significant increase of C-D bond polarizability of CDCl3 upon coordination to the 16 valence electron Pt(II) complex.
Five-year results of proximal gastric vagotomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Between February 1972 and December 1976 100 proximal gastric vagotomies (PGV) were performed on duodenal ulcer patients after failure of conservative treatment. The diagnosis was verified by preoperative barium meal and endoscopy and by peroperative examination. There was no operative mortality. Mean duration of postoperative hospital stay was 9.6 days. The percentual distribution in Visick-grading at the 1-year follow-up was 90% in class I + II, and 10% in class III + IV. The corresponding figures at the 5-year follow-up were 82% and 18%. The mean postoperative basal acid output did not change from one to five years. The reduction in pentagastrin stimulated acid output was unchanged at the 1- and 5-year follow-up. Neither did the mean acid output after insulin stimulation change between one and five years postoperatively. The mean concentration of serum gastrin was raised at one year but decreased to normal at the 5-year follow-up. Ten patients (10%) had ulcer recurrence during follow-up. Seven of these were successfully treated by gastric resection and three by antacids and cimetidine.
Asset Pricing - A Structural Theory and its Applications

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Introduction to Modern Asset Pricing 2 x 2 Risk Sharing N x N Risk Sharing A Structural Theory of Asset Pricing and the Equity Premium Puzzle Empirical Analysis of Pricing Errors and the Equity Premium Puzzle Compound Asset Pricing Models into a Complex Pricing Model Investment and Consumption in a Multi-Period Framework.
Identification of the keratan sulfate attachment sites on bovine fibromodulin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The small keratan sulfate-substituted proteoglycan (fibromodulin) from articular cartilage was shown to contain keratan sulfate linked to the core protein through N-glycosidic linkages to residues Asn-109, Asn-147, Asn-182, and Asn-272. Biosynthetic experiments with articular chondrocytes in the presence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked oligosaccharide synthesis, demonstrated a specific inhibition of [35S]SO4 incorporation into fibromodulin. Under the same conditions no effect on the addition of keratan sulfate to the large aggregating proteoglycan was detected. Fibromodulin substituted with keratan sulfate was purified from bovine articular cartilage extracts by density gradient centrifugation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel-permeation chromatography. Isolation of glycosylated peptides from tryptic digests of fibromodulin by ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography revealed four separate hexosamine-rich species, that were also immunoreactive with monoclonal antibody 5D4. Sequence analysis of these glycopeptides gave blank cycles at positions which corresponded to Asn followed by X-Ser/Thr in the sequence derived from cDNA (Oldberg, A., Antonsson, P., Lindblom, K., and Heinegard, D. (1989) EMBO J. 8, 2601-2604). Hence, all four Asn residues in the leucine-rich region of the fibromodulin core protein can serve as acceptor sites for keratan sulfate addition.
Inner Ear Autoantibodies and their Targets in Patients with Autoimmune Inner Ear Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immunological mechanisms are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of some cochleo-vestibular diseases. This study attempts to present further evidence of autoantibodies reactive against guinea pig inner ear proteins found in patients with autoimmune inner ear diseases (AIED) and specifically identifies the main target antigens of these antibodies. Sera from 110 patients with a clinical diagnosis of either rapidly progressive sensorineural hearing loss (n = 32). Ménière's disease (n = 41), sudden deafness (n = 6) or other aetiologies of hearing loss (n = 11) were screened by the Western blot technique. Forty-four percent of the patients' sera had antibodies to several inner ear proteins, of which the 30, 42 and 68 kDa proteins were found to be the most reactive. These highly reactive proteins were identified by gas-phase micro sequencing after digestion with trypsin and separation of peptide fragments by high-performance liquid chromatography. A partial sequence of each protein was determined. These data, together with those obtained from 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by Western blotting, demonstrated that the 30 and 42 kDa inner ear proteins are the major peripheral myelin protein P0 and the beta-actin protein, respectively, while sequence analysis indicated that the 68 kDa protein is novel. These findings further support the hypothesis that several populations of antibodies may contribute to the enhanced immunological activity of AIED patients. They also add a new dimension to our knowledge of AIED and may open new avenues in the development of simple serological assays, which are easier to perform and more rapid than Western blotting.
[Interpretation of consensus on the surgical management of benign gallbladder diseases (2021 edition)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Benign gallbladder diseases are common diseases in surgery,which are closely related to the occurrence of gallbladder cancer.Currently,nonstandard treatment exited in the surgical management of benign gallbladder diseases in China. Based on relevant domestic and foreign literature,guidelines,and expert consensus,consensus on the surgical management of benign gallbladder diseases(2021 edition) has been formulated. Further,recommendations related to diagnosis and treatment were presented to improve the standardization of surgical diagnosis and treatment of benign gallbladder diseases in China,so as to eliminate the clinical harm of gallbladder diseases and reduce the incidence rate of gallbladder cancer and prevent the occurrence. After the publication of the consensus,it has aroused heated discussion. This paper will interpret the hot issues.
Did Breast Surgery Change According To The Guidelines? An Internal Audit Fokusing On The Surgical Outcome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Problem statementOver the last decade the recommendation for the tumor free margins has come down from 10mm to 'no ink on tumor'. A similar development can be seen with the axillary lymphnode dissection (ALNE). At the end of the last millenium more removed lymph nodes were thought to be more beneficial to the survival of the patient. The introduction of the sentinel node biopsy (SNB) and further studies resulted in the current discussion if an ALNE is still necessary in certain circumstances. Our internal audit analysed over time the surgical quality variables 'tumor free margins', 're-resection rate' and 'number of lymphnodes for SNB and ALNE'.MethodsRetrospektive database analysis over a 10year period in our breast centre. Inclusion criteria were primary diagnosed breast cancer, final R0 resection and breast conserving surgery. ResultsFigure 1 provides information regarding the number of cases, R1-rate and average tumor free margin over time. The tumor free margin increases over the first years as the gold standard was 10mm but consecutively drops as publications and guidelines reduce. The rate of R1 resection peaks parallel to the tumor free margins and then also comes down to around 20% which is about the average over the time period. The rate of SNB increased also parallel with the broadening indication up to 63% (Figure 2). The conversation rate of SNB to ALNE drops in the last 2 years. The number of removed lymphnodes u2013 as marker for long term post surgical problems u2013 has been stable for SNB (min 1,8 LK; max 2,4 LK) and reduced over time for ALNE (min 11 (2013); max 20,6 LK (2006)) as shown in figure 2.DiskussionThe implementation of surgical guidelines can be seen over time in the annual statistic of our breast center. Parallel to the recommendations the tumor free margin doubled and then dropped again. The increase of the tumor free margin triggered a higher re-resection rate to fullfill this criteria. Currently with 'no-ink-on-tumor' the re-resection rate is on the long term average. More importaintly from a patients viewpoint in terms of complications is the stable number of removed SN over time. This shows that SN can be identified clearly and regularly. Parallel to the current scientific discussion our data shows that surgeons have started to become less radical in ALNE. Interestingly the rate of SNB conversion to ALNE also drops which may be due to the improved diagnosis in axillary ultrasound and core needle biopsy. ConclusionOur data shows that current surgical guidelines are slowly implemented in clincial day care and the effects can be seen over time. The next step should be the evaluation of the time from publication of new guidelines to the clinical implementation.
Investigation on the quantitative position assessment system of college teaching staff

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recently, position assessment of teaching staff has been regarded as an indispensable measure to further improve the position engagement in universities, and it is necessary to explore new assessment methods. On the basis of investigation of the characteristics of teaching staff, we combine quantitative analysis and qualitative description to propose a quantitative position assessment system, in which teachers' work can be evaluated. Some problems presented in the assessment system, such as the guiding role of the index, the balance between different subjects and precision of assessment results, are also discussed in this paper.
The Values and Control of MDMA

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Over the last 20 years, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)—commonly known as “Ecstacy”—has been given a substantial amount of attention through reports from the media and criminal justice agencies. However, descriptions of the scheduling process and the values of MDMA are often neglected in such reports. First, I attempt to describe the scheduling of MDMA by the Drug Enforcement Administration that has led to a lack of research concerning its properties. Second, I draw on the extant literature to provide detailed and rich descriptions of the therapeutic values of MDMA. Although subjective experiences undoubtedly differ across contexts and personal experiences, it has been demonstrated that common characteristics of MDMA are distinguishable from other Schedule I drugs. Finally, I argue that the categorization of MDMA as a Schedule I drug has created a dearth of empirical evidence regarding the properties of MDMA due to the control of MDMA research.