jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Implant Bone Interface with Non-Invasive Methods: Numerical Simulation, Strain Gauges and Optical Coherence Tomography

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The quality of the evaluation of implant insertion could be investigated by implant bone interface analysis. In this study the numerical simulation, tensional stamps and optical coherence tomography as a noninvasive method were used in order to evaluate these interfaces. The system contains two interferometers and one scanner. For each incident analysis a stuck made of 61 slices was obtain. These slices were used in order to obtain a 3D model of the implant bone interface. The results obtained point out the existence of gaps between the implant and the bone. In conclusion the optical coherence tomography could be used for implant bone interface investigation.
Prepectoral Conversion of Subpectoral Implants for Animation Deformity after Breast Reconstruction: Technique and Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Implant-based breast reconstruction in postmastectomy patients is commonly performed in a submuscular plane. Following reconstruction, animation deformity can be a displeasing aesthetic result for patients. In addition, patients may experience more postoperative pain with a submuscular reconstruction. Prepectoral conversion of submuscular implant position is an option for addressing these concerns. We describe a detailed technique and review our results. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all prepectoral conversions performed by the senior author (DSW) from 2017 to 2019 after IRB approval. All patients presented with animation deformity and another symptom such as asymmetry, pain, and/or capsular contracture. Patients underwent prepectoral conversion with smooth silicone gel implants. Demographic data, outcomes, and patient satisfaction were reviewed. Results: Prepectoral conversion was performed in 33 consecutive patients (57 breasts) with animation deformity. Twelve patients had capsular contracture, seven complained of pain, and five had ruptured implants. Postoperative complications included three infections requiring implant removal in two breasts, one implant exposure and one hematoma requiring implant replacement, five seromas requiring aspiration, and one capsular contracture. Seven patients had contour abnormalities addressed with secondary autologous fat grafting. Ultimately, all patients had elimination of animation deformity and were satisfied with the results of the conversion. Conclusions: Unsatisfactory results of subpectoral implant reconstruction such as animation deformity and chronic pain have led the reconstructive surgeon to consider various techniques to address these issues. The conversion to a prepectoral plane will effectively eliminate animation deformity, resolve pain, and yield satisfactory results in these patients.
[Intervention of infants and young children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

听神经病是一种特殊的听力障碍，1996年由Starr等[1]提出，他们发现一组特殊表现的听力障碍患者，听性脑干反应（ABR）不能引出或严重异常，而耳蜗微音电位和耳声发射能引出，言语识别率相对听力不成比例下降，并将这种病命名为听神经病（auditory neuropathy，AN）。十多年来，医学界对听神经病有了较多的认识，Deltenre等旧0发现3例新生儿表现出听神经病的特征，并认为此类疾病的病变起源于蜗神经前。Hood[3]认为不能确定具体病变部位在听神经，建议改名为听神经病症候群（auditoryneuropathies）。2008年6月在意大利科莫召开的国际新生儿听力筛查会议上，将听神经病命名为听神经病谱系障碍（auditory neuropathy spectrumdisorder，ANSD）。由于听神经病的病变部位及病因不能确定，
An Assessment of VTechData with respect to the CoreTrustSeal Repository Certification Requirements

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report provides a brief internal assessment as to how well the current status of VTechData (“The Repository) meets the CoreTrustSeal repository certification requirements. VTechData has seen substantial development and improvements from when the first dataset was published in May of 2016 to the present day. However, this internal assessment shows that VTechData does not yet meet the CoreTrustSeal certification requirements.
Adherence to guideline-directed medical therapy and its association with re-hospitalization and mortality following coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives We investigated associations with re-hospitalization, and intermediate- and long-term mortality, of cardio-thoracic surgeons' adherence to pharmacological guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in discharge recommendations of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery patients. Methods In this longitudinal multicenter study, 1,131 patients who underwent elective CABG surgery in seven medical centers during 2004–2007 were interviewed in the hospital before surgery. Adherence of cardio-thoracic surgeons to GDMT was considered as prescribing medications from three families: antiplatelet therapy, beta-blockers and statins; and was determined from discharge letters. Patients were interviewed one-year after hospitalization to obtain information on re-hospitalizations and current medications. Mortality information was extracted from the Ministry of Internal Affairs registry and updated until March 2018. Results GDMT adherence was evident in the discharge recommendations of 638 patients (56.4%). A propensity score (PS)-weighted multivariate logistic regression showed a 26% lower 1-year risk of re-hospitalization/mortality among patients whose discharge recommendations reflected full adherence than among patients whose recommendations reflected partial adherence (OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.57–0.97, p=0.03). A PS-weighted Cox proportional hazard model showed 24% lower intermediate (8 year)-term mortality hazard among patients with cardio-thoracic surgeons' adherence to GDMT, compared to other patients (HR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.59–0.98, p=0.03); however the protective effect was attenuated when examining long (14 year)-term mortality. Short- and intermediate-term protective effects were also found when considering only adherence to beta-blockers or statins. Use of GDMT increased 1-year after CABG surgery only in patients who attended cardiac rehabilitation programs after surgery and not in those who did not attend cardiac rehabilitation during that year. Conclusions The reference in CABG patients' discharge recommendations to GDMT was associated with a lower 1-y re-admissions/mortality and lower intermediate-term mortality. Cardio-thoracic surgeons should adhere closely to preventive medication guidelines. Cardiac rehabilitation is associated with better post CABG surgery patients preventive treatment. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Israel National Institute for Health Policy
Perceived Relative Distance Depends on the Size Ratio of Targets in Photographs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Focussing on the relationship between distance perception in photographs and the image sizes of the targets on the photographic surface, it is shown that the perceived relative distances between near and far targets depends on their image size ratios. Two targets of the same physical size were placed at fixed distances from each other and their photographs were taken. The image size of the near target was kept constant and the size ratio of the far target image was controlled by manipulating the camera-to-target distances appropriate to the focal lengths of the lenses. Forty undergraduates viewed the photographs and placed an actual target at the same relative distance to the near target as seen in the photographs. The results showed that the smaller the size ratios, the larger the perceived relative distances even when the actual relative distances remained the same. In addition, the perceived relative distance was smaller than the actual relative distance even in the condition where the retinal sizes of the two target images matched the retinal sizes of the actual targets seen from the camera position. However, it was found that the perceived relative distance could approximate the actual relative distance if the size ratio were further reduced.
Training local organizations to support healthy food access: results from a year-long project

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Many low-income and minority communities have reduced access to healthy foods, which may contribute to unhealthy eating. This has led to interventions in existing small, neighbourhood stores (corner stores) to bring healthier foods to those communities. In 2011–2012, the Cook County Department of Public Health partnered with eight suburban community organizations in predominantly low-income, minority communities to increase healthy food availability in local corner stores. The project goal was to increase the capacity of partnering community organizations to ensure effective implementation and promote sustainability in a geopolitically complex region. This approach is unlike most corner store interventions, usually conducted within a single city or by a single organization. To evaluate the impact on community organizational capacity, interviews were conducted with key project staff from partnering community organizations in April 2012. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and qualitative analysis was conducted. Findings included that the training and materials provided by the project increased staff confidence in carrying out and sustaining the intervention. Individualized project support was particularly meaningful. Other aspects of capacity, such as leadership support and staff time, were limitations to project success. These findings will inform other efforts, especially those in large, complex jurisdictions, in implementing collaborative community interventions.
ChemInform Abstract: Modulation of the Rate, Enantioselectivity, and Substrate Specificity of Semisynthetic Transaminases Based on Lipid Binding Proteins Using Site Directed Mutagenesis.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prevention of endpoints in primary biliary cholangitis with ursodeoxycholic acid: quantifying the benefit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a hydrophilic bile acid with an established benefit for patients suffering from primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). It was first introduced in the 60s and took until the late 90s to demonstrate a survival benefit in large meta-cohort studies.1 Since then, UDCA is the established first-line therapy according to current guidelines.2 The benefit of UDCA is multidimensional, and patients receiving UDCA experience increased transplant-free survival, a decreased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and potentially improved quality of life.3–5 The survival benefit is predicted by a number biochemical markers that reflect cholestasis and that are accepted surrogates of the treatment response—a fact that has accelerated drug development and approval. Interestingly, even patients who are considered incomplete responders to UDCA—characterised by persistently elevated alkaline phosphates levels (ALPs) or abnormal bilirubin—a survival benefit compared with patients that are not on UDCA can be detected.4 The mechanism by which UDCA mediates these effects are numerous and involve: (1) protection of chonlangiocytes from cytotoxic hydrophobic bile acids, (2) increased hepatobiliary secretion of bile components and (3) protection of hepatocytes from bile acid-induced apoptosis. UDCA enrichment in the bile is linear to the administered dose and thus a sufficient dose—typically ranging between 13 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg bodyweight—is required to achieve therapeutic efficacy. The safety profile of UDCA is positive with only few patients experiencing dyspepsia, lose stools or mild diarrhoea. Therefore, all patients diagnosed with PBC according to current criteria should be started on UDCA as primary treatment immediately.

More recently, second-line therapies—including bezafibrate and the steroidal FXR-agonist obeticholic acid (OCA)—have been trialled in …
The role of nm23 in melanoma progression and its prognostic significance.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The nm23 monoclonal antibody directed to specific antigen was applied for investigation of 29 benign naevi, 59 melanomas of different Clark level and locations, 4 lymph node and 28 organ metastases, using quantitative immunohistochemistry. The reduced expression of nm23 protein was associated with the tumor progression. A statistically significant difference (p = 0.0014) was found in nm23 protein expression between naevi and malignant melanomas. Additionally, a reduced protein level in metastases was found. A strong correlation was found between nm23 expression and survival of patients as well as the presence of metastasis (p = 0.0003).
Draft genome sequences of three Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca strains isolated from citrus and coffee

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited plant pathogen infecting more than 100 species of plants. Here we present draft genomes of three Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca strains. These strains are a resource for studying citrus variegated chlorosis and coffee leaf scorch, which are readily available to the international scientific community.
The Cloister and the Hearth: Wolsey, Henry VIII and the Early Tudor Palace Plan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

AbstractIt is increasingly recognised that religion was the mainspring of pre-Reformation domestic ritual in royal as well as episcopal and archiepiscopal households. This article sets out to examine the architectural consequences of this. It argues that from the mid-15th century a small group of high-status residential buildings was planned around the need for lavish liturgical display, particularly the introduction of a cloister. The patrons of such buildings were churchmen of the highest rank such as Henry Beaufort and Thomas Wolsey who, it is argued, had special requirements for their principal residences. These requirements subsequently went on to influence the plans of early Tudor royal palaces, culminating in the reconstruction of Whitehall Palace by Henry VIII in the 1540s.
Variability in transport of fish eggs and larvae. II. Effects of hydrodynamics on the transport of Downs herring larvae

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A 10-layered, finite-volume advection-dispersion model with real-time meteorological and freshwater runoff drivers investigated the interannual differences in the transport of Downs herring Clupea harengus L. larvae in the southern North Sea. Simulations were carried out for the winters of 1989 and 1996 to 2003. As they grew, the concentrations of herring larvae developed vertical behaviour. Meteorological forcing transported Downs herring larvae to the nursery grounds in the eastern North Sea with large interannual differences. Diel vertical movement was relatively unimportant in the transport of larvae in the hydrographically mixed southern North Sea. Year classes with less transport of larvae from the hatching area (which was generally warmer) were associated with greater abundances of young Downs herring in the ICES International Bottom Trawl Survey. This implies that retention, rather than dispersal or delivery of larvae to nursery grounds, is associated with the determination of year class strength in Downs herring.
Study of negative ion beam optics in real and phase spaces

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Negative ion sources for fusion are required to generate the stable high-energy and high-current negative ion beam with long pulse duration more than 1000 s. To satisfy these requirements, it is essential to minimize the heat load on accelerators. The key issue for managing the heat load is to understand the mechanism of the meniscus formation in negative ion sources. In the paper, negative ion beam optics are studied in both real and phase spaces to get a better understanding of the meniscus formation. Plasma parameters and the negative ion beam in a Caesium-seeded negative ion source are measured simultaneously, and correlation between the plasma conditions and the beam optics are investigated in order to elucidate a dominant plasma parameter determining the meniscus shape. In addition, the spatial distribution of negative ions in the vicinity of the meniscus is extracted through a backward trajectory calculation from the accelerator exit to the meniscus using experimental data as an input. The negative ion trajectory was calculated taking into consideration the negative ion distribution based on the backward calculation, and the influence of the non-uniformity of negative ion profile on the meniscus formation is discussed.
Fictitious Forces Method and Its Application to the Nonlinear Analysis of Plane RC Skeletal Structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The fictitious force method (FFM) is an iterative nonlinear elastic analysis method of skeletal structures. The FFM extends the geometrically nonlinear P-Δ method to the materially nonlinear analysis by replacing the original problem with an auxiliary linear problem that includes additional loads that account for the materially nonlinear behavior. The FFM is easily implemented in current linear finite-element analysis (FEA) programs. The FFM is mathematically equivalent to the modified Newton-Raphson method, which means that it converges linearly. The paper (1) applies a combination of FFM with a layers model (FFM-LM) to the quasistatic nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete plane frames displaying bending-stretching coupling, (2) shows how to implement FFM-LM in a standard FEA program, and (3) applies the latter implementation to illustrative examples.
Self-medication Practice and Associated Factors among Private Health Sciences Students in Gondar Town, North West Ethiopia. A Cross-sectional Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Self-medication is the most common practice worldwide and it may lead to irrational use of drugs. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medication practice and its associated factors among health science students. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 health science students in Gondar town. The data regarding self-medication practice and its associated factors were collected using a face-to-face interview on a structured questionnaire. SPSS −24 was used for data analysis and explained with univariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the factors associated with self-medication practice (sex, age, religion, marital status, residence, department, year of study, monthly income, access to pharmacy, and peer/family pressure). A total of 554 students responded to the questionnaire with a response rate of 92.3%. Out of 554 respondents, 78.2% were practiced self-medication. Headache/fever 37.88% (n = 164) was reported as the most common complaint to practice self-medication. Among the reasons for self-medication practice, similarity of symptoms with past illness 33.49% (n = 145) was the most frequently reported. In current study, Females (AOR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.55, 6.25), Muslim followers (AOR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.30, 5.91), Protestant followers (AOR = 4.25, 95% CI = 1.38, 13.07), pharmacy students (AOR = 3.72, 95% CI = 1.97, 9.30), clinical nursing students (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.87, 14.48), monthly income (>500ETB) (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.12, 5.56), distance of health institution (<30 min) (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.39, 5.61), and accessibility of pharmacy (AOR = 4.85, 95% CI = 2.08, 11.29) were the independent predictors of self-medication practice. Self-medication is common in health science students in Gondar town. Health professionals should educate students on the risks and benefits of self-medication to encourage responsible self-medication. National guidelines on medicine access should be developed and strong measures should be implemented to halt the selling of medications without a proper prescription.
Analysis of Motor Abilities Development in Male and Female High Schoolers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The pupose of the research is to define the peculiarities of motor abilities development in male and female high schoolers. Materials and methods. To solve the tasks set, the research relies on the following methods used: analysis of scientific literature, pedagogical testing and methods of mathematical statistics of data reduction. The participants in the study were 10 boys and 14 girls of the 10th grade, 14 boys and 10 girls of the 11th grade. Conclusions. The level of motor abilities development in the 10th-11th-grade girls and the 11th-grade boys is at the sufficient level, while this level in the 10th-grade boys is average. The statistically significant difference between the 10th-grade boys and girls is observed in the following tests: assessment of time parameters of movement (error in 10 seconds), assessment of perception of strength parameters of movement (standing long jump at ½ of MAX), bending and unbending of arms in suspension, bent suspension. The boys performed better in these tests than girls. The statistically significant difference between the 11th-grade boys and girls shows in the following tests: jumping with “increases of weight”, assessment of time parameters of movement (error in 5, 10 seconds), assessment of perception of strength parameters of movement, shuttle run, bending and unbending of arms in suspension, bent suspension. The girls performed better in jumping with “increases of weight”, assessment of time parameters of movement, assessment of perception of strength parameters of movement. The correlation analysis of the indicators of motor abilities development proves that the “shuttle run” test has more connections with the other tests in case of the 10th-grade girls (3 сonnections at r > 0.6); for the 10th-grade boys such tests are “bending and unbending of arms from the lying position”, “bending and unbending of arms in suspension” (5 сonnections at r > 0.6); for the 11th‑grade girls — “bending and unbending of arms from the lying position”, “bending and unbending of arms in suspension” (3 сonnections at r > 0.6); for the 11th-grade boys — “standing long jump at 2/3 of МАХ” (10 сonnections at r > 0.6).