jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
HYPOXIC ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY. STILL HAUNTING!

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy is not an un-common health problem in Egypt. It is one of the direct causes of infant mortality rate ranking only second to sepsis the number one cause of mortality. It tops the list for morbidity because of its significant health and social burden. The sequels of the hypoxia so early in life affects neuro-development and contribute to physical and mental handicap in a society that is still un-prepared to deliver optimal health and social care to the special needs children. There are different factors that ally to the persistence of such a problem in an era that witness its distinction in other parts of the world. The under-utilization of proper antenatal care, the un-resourceful outreach centres, the late seek of medical care, the under qualified nurses and unavailable doctors for neonatal resuscitation, the lack of a global therapy for neonatal hypoxia-despite extensive randomised clinical trials for head and total body cooling and numerous drugs- all steers the wheel to the importance of prevention rather than intervention. Also, attention had been directed to the care of the increasing numbers of surviving infants with motor deficits. Close support and follow-up is mandated with the use of national standards that suites the Egyptian and regional standards utilised for neuro-developmental assessment. Efforts are being made to establish interventional programs to reach every child regardless of their socio-economic status. There is still a great need for international and national support for child-neurology facilities establishment for follow-up and services for the hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy victims to parallel the serious efforts for health education and propagation of preventive practices nationwide.
Quality‐cum‐price sorting

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper provides new evidence on how export status relates to prices and product quality. Using firm‐product‐level data on production, exports and imports for a sample of Danish manufacturing firms, we present three key correlations. First, exported varieties are on average sold at lower prices relative to only domestically sold varieties. Second, exported varieties have higher quality measured by ‘demand residuals’ (i.e., they have larger sales conditional on price). Finally, exported varieties are produced using cheaper imported intermediates. We introduce the term ‘quality‐cum‐price sorting’ to describe this sorting environment. The observed sorting behaviour in terms of output quality and import prices works not just across firms, but also within multi‐product firms across the product portfolio. In contrast, the negative exporter premium in terms of output prices vanishes once firm‐level unobservables are accounted for—consistent with the idea that unobserved firm efficiency is driving the negative correlation.
Increased Productivity in Tall and Dwarf Rice Varieties Through Benzimidazole and Zinc Sulfate Sprays

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article 'Increased Productivity in Tall and Dwarf Rice Varieties Through Benzimidazole and Zinc Sulfate Sprays' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
Debt-led convergence in the European Union

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper argues that the highly celebrated EU process of convergence with respect to development levels has been driven by the accumulated debt of the European Periphery. Using panel data for the pre-crisis period and a 2-stages econometric approach that decomposes public debt to a ‘targeted’ and a ‘non-targeted’ part, the paper provides evidence that challenges the mainstream growth paradigms. First, when the effect of a debt-led fiscal expansion is included in the standard convergence model, the market based process of integration appears to be strongly associated with increasing inequalities among EU member states, casting some doubt to the ability of the current EU model to generate inclusive growth and convergence. Second, the model provides evidence that ‘targeted’ public debt related to public investment and public services contributes to growth and convergence in the EU, while ‘non-targeted’ public debt related to clientele practices is related to divergence. The results of the paper reveal the limits of the current model integration in the EU and raise serious questions about the effectiveness of the debt-management and austerity policies that have been implemented during the crisis.
OER Catalysis at\nActivated and Codeposited NiFe-Oxo/Hydroxide\nThin Films Is Due to Postdeposition Surface-Fe and Is Not Sustainable\nwithout Fe in Solution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This work examines by electrochemical measurements a\nhypothesis\nthat low-coordination Fe on the surface (surface-Fe) of NiFe-oxo/hydroxide\npromotes catalysis for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) rather\nthan Fe in the bulk structure (bulk-Fe) even in ultrathin films that\nare mostly surface. The effect of method of incorporation of Fe in\nNi-oxo/hydroxide on the electrochemical behavior and OER activity\nis interrogated, and the sustainability of OER catalysis at NiFe-oxo/hydroxide\nis examined in the absence of Fe in solution. Ni­(Fe)-oxo/hydroxide\nultrathin films of a few monolayers and thicker films of tens of monolayers\nof Ni­(OH)<sub>2</sub> were deposited at anodic bias from potassium\nborate buffer containing Ni nitrate or Ni and Fe nitrates at a 6:4\nNi:Fe ratio and were conditioned and studied in 1 M KOH containing\nFe or purified from Fe. Fe was incorporated in NiFe-oxo/hydroxide\nduring codeposition but removed from solution during conditioning\nand catalysis, was included postdeposition during conditioning and\ncatalysis in Fe-containing solution, or was incorporated postdeposition\nby conditioning in Fe-containing solution and then removed from solution\nduring catalysis. Ultrathin and thicker NiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i></sub> and Ni<sub>0.6</sub>Fe<sub>0.4</sub>O<sub><i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i></sub> films\nexhibited high OER currents and low Tafel slopes in the range of 40\nmV/dec in 1 M KOH after activation that included Fe from solution.\nHowever, ultrathin and thicker codeposited Ni<sub>0.6</sub>Fe<sub>0.4</sub>O<sub><i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i></sub> films exhibited low OER currents in Fe-purified KOH, which further\ndecreased with the application of anodic bias, and exhibited high\nTafel slopes of ca. 100 mV/dec or higher, in a behavior similar to\nthat of NiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i></sub> in Fe-free KOH. Fe included postdeposition or surface-Fe is therefore\nindicated to be responsible for high OER catalysis in ultrathin and\nthicker NiFe-oxo/hydroxide films. The sustainability of OER catalysis\nat postdeposition activated Ni­(Fe)-oxo/hydroxide still required the\npresence of Fe in solution. NiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>H<sub><i>y</i></sub> films activated for OER postdeposition in\nFe-containing electrolyte did not sustain their high OER catalysis\nin Fe-free KOH but were deactivated with potential cycling. An exchange\nthat causes surface-Fe to move into higher coordination bulk-Fe is\nproposed to cause the loss of OER activity of activated NiFe-oxo/hydroxide\nin Fe-free electrolyte.
Thematic Form and the Genesis of Schoenberg's D-Minor Quartet, Opus 7

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Schoenberg's D-minor Quartet, Opus 7, is distinctive for fusing elements of sonata and four-movement form into an immense fifty-minute work that coheres primarily by thematic processes and relationships. The numerous sketches for the quartet reveal that the task of achieving both thematic continuity on such a scale and adequate contrast between sections challenged even the normally rapid and "spontaneous" composer, who had to stop at certain points to revise his compositional strategy. Schoenberg resorted at these points to groups of brief concept sketches to work out the thematic associations and their eventual ordering and placement in the larger formal design.
Magnetic Nanowires Generated via the Waterborne Desalting Transition Pathway

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report a simple and versatile waterborne synthesis of magnetic nanowires following the innovative concept of electrostatic "desalting transition". Highly persistent superparamagnetic nanowires are generated from the controlled assembly of oppositely charged nanoparticles and commercially available polyelectrolytes. The wires have diameters around 200 nm and lengths between 1 μm and 0.5 mm, with either positive or negative charges on their surface. Beyond, we show that this soft-chemistry assembly approach is a general phenomenon independent of the feature of the macromolecular building blocks, opening significant perspectives for the design of multifunctional materials.
Pemetaan Persebaran Tingkat Ekonomi Masyarakat Kecamataan Berbah Menggunakan Heremap

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The economic condition in a kepanewon area (sub-district) often shows that the livelihoods of residents in an area may be influenced by available resources and socio-economic conditions such as the education level, the number of existing jobs, skills and capital. Berbah Kepanewon is one of the areas which has the same level with sub-district in the Province of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. A total of 15,188 people (50%) of the population of Berbah Subdistrict work as farmers, as many as 8,641 people (28%) work as breeders and the rest are various professions. Farmers in Berbah Sub-district consist of farmers who own rice fields, farmers who work in the fields, and farm laborers. Farmers in Berbah District cultivate various types of livestock such as: cows, buffaloes, goats, chickens, rabbits and others. The number of people in Berbah District who work in the agricultural sector shows that the Berbah District is included in the type of rural community. To improve the economic level of the community and their standard of living, a method is needed to determine the mapping of the economic level of the community. Therefore, the authors develop a mapping system for the distribution of the economic level of the poor by using an information system and mapping using heremap.
* Author for correspondence Summary

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The uptake of L-Tyr by B16/F10 malignant melano-cytes in culture has been studied. These melanoma cells can either be depleted of amino acids by l h preincubation in Hanks &apos; isotonic medium or pre-loaded with a specific amino acid by l h preincu-bation in the same solution containing 2mM of the amino acid to be preloaded. By means of these pretreatments, it is shown that the rate of L-Tyr uptake is greatly dependent on the content of other amino acids inside the cells. The L-Tyr uptake is higher in cells preloaded with amino acids trans-ported by the L and ASC systems than in cells depleted of amino acids or preloaded with amino acids transported by the A system. It is concluded that L-Tyr is mainly taken up by an exchange mechanism with other amino acids mediated by the LI system, although the ASC system can also participate in the process. In agreement with that, the homo-exchange performed by cells preloaded with unlabelled L-Tyr is more efficient than any other hetero-exchange, although L-Dopa, the product of tyrosine hydroxylation in melanin synthesis, is almost as efficient as L-Tyr. Apart from aromatic amino acids, melanoma cells preloaded with L-Met and L-His also yield a high initial rate of L-Tyr uptake. The results herein suggest that melanoma cells do not have transport systems specific for L-Tyr, even if this amino acid is needed to carry out the differential pathway of this type of cells, melanosynthesis. Key words: melanoma cells, L-tyrosine, amino acid uptake.
Examining exchange rate return factors before and after the Lehman bankruptcy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This thesis examines exchange rate return factors of holding USD before and after Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy on September 15th 2008, by analysing the relationship with multiple regressions and correlation to trace any significant influence by applying the framework provided by the Arbitrage Pricing Theory, spearheaded by Chen, Roll and Ross, 1986. Thus, regressions on the exchange rate return were computed on the historical macroeconomic data. Factors were compared 2004 – 2012 and pre/post the financial crisis, delimited by Lehman. Notably, only regressions combining several factors yielded significant results in explaining the return’s factors. Individual factor significances were found to vary notably before and after the financial crisis – displaying that the market had changed post Lehman. Remarkably, the Dow Jones Industrial Average index transitioned from a negative factor before Lehman, to an influential positive factor, notably stronger than inflation, which was the only positive factor before Lehman. Thereto, the relationship between oil, gold and the return was evaluated thru correlation, indexation and cross-rates modelling, which yielded findings of flight to safety into Gold in the market post Lehman, consistent with the sayings of Baele, Bekaert, Inghelbrecht and Wie, 2012.
Endoscopic management of \nurolithiasis in pediatric and \nadolescence population in \nHospital Universiti Sains \nMalaysia from year 2001 TO 2009

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Urolithiasis affects between five to ten percent of human population during their lifetime, only one to three percent of whom are children (Desai, 2005). There are many causes of this disease such as metabolic abnormalities, urinary infection and anatomical abnormalities. Management modality of pediatric urolithiasis has shifted from open \nsurgery to minimally invasive techniques. Currently, the majority of stones in children can be managed either with shock-wave lithothripsy (SWL) or endoscopic procedures \nlike percutaenous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL), ureterorenoscopy (URS), vesicolithotripsy \nor combination of these modalities. Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) is the \none of referral centre in the east coast area for pediatric stone management. HUSM \nstarted to manage urolithiasis in pediatric endoscopically since 2001 until present. We \nstarted to have Extracorporal Shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in 2008. Here we \nretrospectively review our nine years experiences in managing pediatric urolithiasis \nwith endoscopic procedures from 2001 till 2009. We evaluated the efficacy and safety \nof the endoscopic procedures focusing on stone clearance and complications such as \nhematuria, sepsis, urinary perforation and hydrothorax. In this study, we also compare \nthe serum creatinine before and after the procedure. Patients’ notes, investigation \nresults, operative procedure, and complications after the procedure were reviewed. In \nthis series, total 17 patients were included. Their age ranges from 1.8 to 18 years old, \nmedian age was 10 years old. Male to female ratio was about 4.7:1, male 14, female 3 \npatients. Majority were Malays, sixteen patients with only one Chinese. Sixteen patients \npresented with symptoms, such as pain (59%), fever (53%), heamaturia (47%), stone in \nurine (23%) and acute urinary retention (6%). One patient had family history of urinary \nstone, eight patients had other underlying disease and five patients had anatomical abnormality. Total numbers of procedures were 24 URS, nine PCNL, six vesicolithotripsy, three vesicolithotomy, five ESWL and one open heminephrectomy. \nOut of these procedures only eight percent was open surgery and the majorities, ninety \ntwo percent, were minimally invasive procedures. Among the minimally invasive procedures, 82% (39) were managed endoscopically. Endoscopic management in our centre contributed to incidence of heamaturia of 30.7%, ranging from one to five days \n(median two days), 23% of fever with range one to three days (median one day) and five \npercent (two cases) had ureteric perforation. In our series, there were no cases of sepsis, \nhydrothorax, or conversion to open surgery reported. In conclusion, our endoscopic \nprocedures were safe and effective comparable with other studies.
Investment and usage of new technologies: evidence form a shared ATM network

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

When new technologies become available, it is not only essential that .rms have the correct investment incentives, but often also that consumers make the proper usage decisions. This paper studies investment and usage in a shared ATM network. Because all banks coordinate their ATM investment decisions, there is no strategic but only a pure cost-saving incentive to invest. At the same time, because retail fees for cash withdrawals are regulated to zero at both branches and ATMs, consumers may not have the proper incentives to substitute their transactions from branches to the available ATMs. We develop an empirical model of coordinated investment and cash withdrawal demand, where banks choose the number of ATMs and consumers decide whether to withdraw cash at ATMs or branches. We .nd that banks substantially underinvested in the shared ATM network and thus provided too little geographic coverage. This contrasts with earlier .ndings of strategic overinvestment in networks with partial incompatibility. Furthermore, we .nd that consumer usage of the available ATM network is too low because of the zero retail fees for cash withdrawals at branches. A direct promotion of investment (through subsidies or other means) can improve welfare, but the introduction of retail fees on cash withdrawals at branches would be more e¤ective, even if this does not encourage investment per se.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 36190 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Geometry POLYGON((-35.81543 -6.24023,-34.67285 -6.24023,-34.67285 -4.57031,-35.81543 -4.57031,-35.81543 -6.24023))", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 36190 records from 163 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0011365-200221144449610/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
The Development of Bryophyte Microbial Fuel Cell Systems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter entailed a detailed review of a novel moss-based photosynthesis-assisted technology for generating bioelectricity. Moss-driven microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have just started to develop, but the first research results indicate it as a promising technology. The physiological properties of mosses that made them a prospective candidate as a biocomponent of plant microbial fuel cells (PMFCs): their stress tolerance and unpretentious, drought resistance as well as heat and frost resilience, development at low nutrient reserves, and resistance to solar radiation are discussed. The developments in this field that can be applied both indoors and outdoors on green roofs are reviewed. The diversity of bryophyte-based MFCs and their application to power commercial radio and environmental sensors are presented. Comparative analysis of bryophyte-MFCs with other ones used on green roofs was conducted. In a pilot study, moss-MFC operation on a green roof for nine months in a temperate continental climate zone was considered. Besides this, the chapter presents the analysis of the importance of anodophilic microorganisms and microbial populations for delivering electrons to the anode in the bryo-MFC. Perspectives and limitations of lab-scale and in-field application of bryophyte MFC systems are also presented.
Theoretical basis for general lifting equations based on mechanical work performed during manual lifting

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objective: The objective of this research is to develop and validate general lifting equations based on the concept of mechanical work performed during the manual handling of objects. Background: To the authors’ knowledge, the NIOSH lifting equation was based on an empirical approach. Therefore, there is a need for general lifting equations that are based on the laws of mechanics and physics. Methods: General lifting equations were developed as a function of weight, horizontal distance in the sagittal plane, vertical travel distance, vertical distance from the floor to the origin of lift and angle of twist. The equations were based on the mechanical work required against gravity/friction, supplemented with stress coefficients to account for task difficulty not traditionally embedded in the dot product of gravity/friction forces and distance. Validation of the equations was performed with respect to the NIOSH lifting equation. Results: Results indicate that the general lifting index (GLI) was comparable to the NIOSH lifting index (LI) for different values of horizontal distance, vertical travel distance, twisting angle and vertical height at origin of lift. On the other hand, the GLI is more sensitive (i.e. larger) to individual changes in vertical travel distance or vertical height at origin of lift in comparison to the NIOSH LI. Consequently, the effect of horizontal distance was dampened in the GLI. Conclusion: The empirical approach inherent in human expertise, which was used by NIOSH in the development of their lifting equation, appears to be a good approximation on the basis of physics and mechanics laws. As originally planned by NIOSH, the lifting equation appears to be protective of the general workforce. Furthermore, the lifting equations hold the promise of assisting in the estimation of peak and cumulative lifting stresses in the workplace.
Predicting students’ academic performance using a modified kNN algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The target (dependent) variable is often influenced not only by ratio scale variables, but also by qualitative (nominal scale) variables in classification analysis. Majority of machine learning techniques accept only numerical inputs. Hence, it is necessary to encode these categorical variables into numerical values using encoding techniques. If the variable does not have relation or order between its values, assigning numbers will mislead the machine learning techniques. This paper presents a modified k-nearest-neighbors algorithm that calculates the distances values of categorical (nominal) variables without encoding them. A student’s academic performance dataset is used for testing the enhanced algorithm. It shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms standard one that needs nominal variables encoding to calculate the distance between the nominal variables. The results show the proposed algorithm preforms 14% better than standard one in accuracy, and it is not sensitive to outliers.