jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of Antimicrobial Utilization Trends in Tertiary Health Care Setting

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Antibiotics are frequently prescribed for treating infections but often irrationally and inappropriately administered, reducing their efficacy. The concept of "Defined Daily Dose (DDD)" was introduced to standardize antibiotic consumption evaluation. Objective: To evaluate antimicrobial usage patterns in Community-Acquired Infections (CAIs), Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs), Surgical Prophylaxis (SP), Medical Prophylaxis (MP), and Unknown Indications (UIs) in a tertiary care hospital using Daily Define Dose (DDD).Study Design: A prospective cross-sectional study. Location & Duration: The underlying study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020 in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: A total of 147 patients were selected through convenience sampling from medical records. Data such as infection type, demographic details, and treatment (empirical/targeted) were collected. The DDD was calculated as a proportion of the therapeutic class.Results: Common diagnoses included pneumonia (14.2%), gastrointestinal disorders (8.84%), and gynecological problems (8.84%), while 14.9% had unknown reasons for admission. CAIs were treated empirically, whereas an equal mix of empirical and targeted therapy was used for HAIs. Third-generation cephalosporins were widely administered for SP, MP, and UIs with DDD values of 41.46, 28.57, and 31.25, respectively. Conclusion: The current investigation reflects the higher consumption of antimicrobials specifically the third generation cephalosporin is excessively administered both as empiric and targeted therapy in various CAIs, HAIs, SP, MP and UI.
Markers of Ovarian Cancer Using a Glycoprotein/Antibody Array

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract : Profiling of the glycan structures that differ between the serum of serous ovarian cancer and benign conditions have been performed using lectin array for biomarker studies. These arrays have used 16 different lectins which respond to specific glycan structural moieties of glycoproteins in patient serum. It has been found that there are distinct changes in the level of fucosylation between cancer and benign using LCA, AAL and UEA lectins which detect both core and outer arm glycosylation. Some difference was also observed for SNA which detects 2,6 sialylation. Using these lectins we have been able to extract the glycoproteins from patient serum and have evaluated the differentially expressed glycoproteins based on mass spec and glycoarray technologies. We have identified 10-12 glycoproteins which show distinct changes in expression between benign conditions, normals, early stage ovarian cancer and stage 3c serous ovarian cancer. These glycoproteins have been used for further blinded validations using a limited set.
Synthesis and characterization of optically active copolymers of acenaphthylene. 2. Chiroptical and fluorescence properties

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of optically active copolymers of acenaphthylene. 2. Chiroptical and fluorescence propertiesGiancarlo Galli, Roberto Solaro, Emo Chiellini, Alan Fernyhough, and Anthony LedwithCite this: Macromolecules 1983, 16, 4, 502–507Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00238a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00238a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Beginning the Welfare State: Civil War Veterans' Pensions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The following essay was written while Rothbard was working on “Origins of the Welfare State in America,” which was originally published posthumously in the Journal of Libertarian Studies in 1996 (Rothbard 1996). “Origins” was included as Chapter 11 in The Progressive Era (Rothbard 2017). The draft pages of “Beginning the Welfare State” label it as Section 4. Rothbard most likely took it out and rewrote “Origins” so it would focus more on the Progressive Era intellectuals and reformers in the early-twentieth century. It was referenced but not included in The Progressive Era due to space constraints (Rothbard 2017, 153). It is published here for the first time. In this short but highly illuminating essay, Rothbard describes one of the first significant welfare programs in America: pensions to Union veterans. He documents the pro-pension legislation pushed by the Republicans, who supported it to cement a significant interest group to their party and also spend the federal budget surplus caused by their high tariff protectionist policies. Fighting a rearguard battle was President Grover Cleveland (1885-1889, 1893-1897) and his wavering Democratic congressional allies. The 1890 Dependent and Disability Pension Act was an important step in paving the way for the welfare reforms of the Progressive Era and New Deal. For a recent analysis of Civil War pensions that is similar to Rothbard’s, see Cogan (2017, 31–53). — Patrick Newman
Guide for users and designers of open-plan classrooms

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In 1972 the Acoustical Insulating Materials Association sponsored a program of research by Tracor, Inc., to develop guidelines for optimum design and use of open-plan classrooms, particularly in regard to the effective use of acoustical absorption. This program utilized literature study, visits to open-plan schools, and computer simulation of large rooms to develop performance criteria and procedures for evaluation. One very important conclusion from this study was that less than 10% of existing classrooms were considered acoustically excellent, and two-thirds were just tolerable or worse. Fortunately, the features which distinguished the good rooms were conspicuous and definable. In 1975, the highly technical report from Tracor was rewritten in different language for use by teachers, school administrators, and architects. Engineering data has been reduced to simple tables, charts, and worksheets. Recommendations for accomodation to existing classrooms have also been incorporated. The Guide is now ready for publication and distribution.
Extensive Distribution of Galanin-Immunoreactive Neuronal Systems in a Fresh Water Snail, Indoplanorbis exustus, and Partial Coexistence with Choline Acetyltransferase-Iike Immunoreactivity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Immunohistochemical techniques were employed to investigate the distribution of galanin-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system (CNS) of the snail, Indoplanorbis exustus, and immunoreactivity with an antibody against choline acetyltransferase (CAT) in galanin-immunoreactive somata was also examined. Galanin-immunoreactive (Gal-IR) cells were observed in all ganglia. They were classified into large (50 μm), medium (21 μm), and small (13 μm)-sized neurons and small Gal-IR cells dominated over large and medium Gal-IR cells in number. Gal-IR cells were most abundant in the cerebral ganglion. Several immunoreactive somata were seen in the parietal, visceral, and pedal ganglia, and only a few Gal-IR cells in the pleural and buccal ganglia. Densely arranged Gal-IR fiber bundles were observed in the cerebro-pleural, parieto-pleural and bucco-cerebral connectives. Of the peripheral nerves, the pallial and pharyngeal nerves contained more numerous Gal-IR fibers than other peripheral nerves. By ...
Agents Based Visualization and Strategies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a flexible visualization architecture based on software agents, which enables the abstraction\nand reuse of rendering strategies. Using a reification of the rendering environment, the system is able to add new\nrendering strategies (such as distributed rendering or progressive rendering) to an existing pipeline, without any\nmodification of the other components (controls components, display components, rendering algorithms, etc. ). The\nability of changing strategies on the fly leads to a better adaptability to runtime constraints. The system uses an\nagent-based graphic pipeline, where each agent/component can be located on different computers; communications\nbetween agents use XML/RPC and data stream in order to easily integrate existing code in the system. Agents can\nadd specific behavior to graphic pipelines, such as saving environments to reuse them, adapt information and\nknowledge from another pipeline, and generally modify and improve the entire system. Various visualization and\ncontrol clients exist, enabling collaboration between platforms such as PDAs, Windows, Linux, MacOS X, and\nWeb (using Java applets).
Impact of construction activities on GDP in the Czech Republic and its regions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Construction industry is under great pressure to increase construction efficiency. Currently, all over the world, there are increasingly widespread innovative methods of construction also called Modern Methods of Construction (MMC). MMC are synonymous with off-site manufacturing and prefabrication of building components and modules in factory settings, including complete buildings. The modern method of construction has a great potential to improve the efficiency of construction production, quality, customer satisfaction, environmental impact, sustainability and predictability of construction design delivery in particular terms. MMC is focused on looking at the possibility of improving the performance of construction. The aim of this paper is to form a structure of knowledge database of modern methods of construction as a tool to aid in decision-making processes of investors. The result of research is data collection aimed to MMC material base, description of MMC systems and their components, which provides information for processing of compendium of MMC in Slovakia and ICT tool for selection of MMC by investors in Slovakia.
O ENSINO DA MATEMÁTICA SOB A PERSPECTIVA INTERCULTURAL DO POVO JIRIPANKÓ

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article in question discusses the relevance of teaching mathematics taught in an intercultural way. More specifically from the perspective of the Jiripankó People. The main objective is to present ethnomathematics as a teaching proposal with the intention of correlating the everyday knowledge of the Jiripankó Indigenous People with the secular mathematics seen in the classroom and proposed in the curriculum so that students can attribute meaning to the classes mathematics, while they can relate the knowledge acquired in their community to the mathematics classes taught at school. From this perspective, the themes to be worked on are ethnomathematics as a teaching proposal, the integration of interculturality into mathematics teaching, the challenges and possibilities of implementing ethnomathematics in indigenous schools and what mathematical knowledge is related to indigenous culture in general and also to the Jiripankó people who are present in mathematics classes. It should be noted that this research is bibiographical and qualitative in nature. In time, as a theoretical basis for carrying out this research, we used the writings of D’Ambrósio (1990, 1993, 2001, 2008, 2016), Knijnik (2006, 2012), Santos (2016), Boyer (2012), among others, which cover studies related to this discussion.
Telops for language learning: Japanese language learners’ perceptions of authentic Japanese variety shows and implications for their use in the classroom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research on the use of leisure-oriented media products in foreign language learning is not a novelty. Building further on insights into the effects of audiovisual input on learners, recent studies have started to explore online learning behaviour. \nThis research employed an exploratory design to examine the perceptions of a Japanese variety show with intralingual text, known as telops, by Japanese Language Learners (JLLs) and native Japanese speakers through a multimodal transcript, eye-tracking technology, questionnaires, and field notes. Two main objectives underlie this study: (1) to gain insights into participants’ multimodal perceptions and attitudes towards the use of such authentic material for language learning, and (2) to gain a better understanding of the distribution of participants’ visual attention between stimuli. \nData from 43 JLLs and five native Japanese speakers were analysed. The JLLs were organised into a pre-exchange, exchange and post-exchange group while the native Japanese speakers functioned as the reference group. \nA thematic analysis was conducted on the open-ended questionnaire \nresponses and Areas Of Interest (AOIs) were grouped to generate fixation data. The themes suggest that all learner groups feel that telops help them link the stimuli in the television programme although some difficulty was experienced with the amount and pace of telops in the pre-exchange and exchange groups. The eye-tracking results show that faces and telops gather the most visual attention from all participant groups. Less clear-cut trends in visual attention are detected when AOIs on telops are grouped according to the degree in which they resemble the corresponding dialogue. This thesis concludes with suggestions as to how such authentic material can complement Japanese language learning.
Informal network players, knowledge integration, and competitive advantage

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In today’s hyper‐competitive environments, generation and dissipation of knowledge can no longer be understood from within the boundaries of formal organizational mechanisms. Previously, researchers have studied knowledge management based on formal mechanisms; however, few have examined the role played by informal mechanisms. In this paper, we examine the roles of informal network players in knowledge integration and discuss their effects on competitive advantage. For researchers, our paper provides testable propositions and a future research agenda. For practitioners, our paper shows how informal network players influence an organization and offers human resource management implications.
Organizational culture and productivity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between school culture and school productivity. The study used the descriptive (correlation) method of data collection. The data for the study were collected through two researcher made questionnaires, "School culture and school productivity". In order to conduct this study among 1450 teachers, four hundred fifty teachers were selected through random sampling. The data were analyzed by means of Pearson correlation coefficient test. The results indicated all ten variables haves influence on school productivity except for control trait.
An Exploration of the Influence of ZnO NPs Treatment on Germination of Radish Seeds under Salt Stress based on the YOLOv8-R Lightweight Model

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background Since traditional germination test methods have drawbacks such as slow efficiency, proneness to error, and damage to seeds, a non-destructive testing method is proposed for full-process germination of radish seeds, which improves the monitoring efficiency of seed quality. Results Based on YOLOv8n, a lightweight test model YOLOv8-R is proposed, where the number of parameters, the amount of calculation, and size of weights are significantly reduced by replacing the backbone network with PP-LCNet, the neck part with cross-scale feature fusion module CCFM, the original C2f of the neck part with OREPA, and the original SPPF with FocalModulation. The ablation test and comparative test prove the performance of the model. With adoption of germination rate, germination index, and germination potential as the three vitality indicators, the seed germination phenotype collection system and YOLOv8-R model are used to analyze the full time-series sequence effects of different ZnO NPs concentrations on germination of radish seeds under varying degrees of salt stress. Conclusions The results show that salt stress inhibits the germination of radish seeds and that the inhibition effect is more obvious with the increased concentration of NaCl solution; in cultivation with deionized water, the germination rate of radish seeds does not change significantly with increased concentration of ZnO NPs, but the germination index and germination potential increase initially and then decline; in cultivation with NaCl solution, the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of radish seeds first increase and then decline with increased concentration of ZnO NPs.
Experimental reintroduction of woody debris on the Williams River, NSW: geomorphic and ecological responses

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A total of 436 logs were used to create 20 engineered log jams (ELJs) in a 1.1 km reach of the Williams River, NSW, Australia, a gravel‐bed river that has been desnagged and had most of its riparian vegetation removed over the last 200 years. The experiment was designed to test the effectiveness of reintroducing woody debris (WD) as a means of improving channel stability and recreating habitat diversity. The study assessed geomorphic and ecological responses to introducing woody habitat by comparing paired test and control reaches. Channel characteristics (e.g. bedforms, bars, texture) within test and control reaches were assessed before and after wood placement to quantify the morphological variability induced by the ELJs in the test reach. Since construction in September 2000, the ELJs have been subjected to five overtopping flows, three of which were larger than the mean annual flood. A high‐resolution three‐dimensional survey of both reaches was completed after major bed‐mobilizing flows. Cumulative changes induced by consecutive floods were also assessed. After 12 months, the major geomorphologic changes in the test reach included an increase in pool and riffle area and pool depth; the addition of a pool–riffle sequence; an increase by 0.5–1 m in pool–riffle amplitude; a net gain of 40 m 3 of sediment storage per 1000 m 2 of channel area (while the control reach experienced a net loss of 15 m 3 /1000 m 2 over the same period); and a substantial increase in the spatial complexity of bed‐material distribution. Fish assemblages in the test reach showed an increase in species richness and abundance, and reduced temporal variability compared to the reference reach, suggesting that the changes in physical habitat were beneficial to fish at the reach scale. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profiles of adolescent character attributes: Associations with intentional self-regulation and character role model relationships

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Despite acknowledgment that character operates as a multi-faceted system of multiple attributes, few efforts have examined this system by investigating how character attributes may combine in profiles and how profiles are related to individual internal strengths and contextual assets. Using data from 552 adolescents from the Northeastern United States (Mage = 14.11 years, 60% girls, 56% identified as White), we identified five latent profiles including the character attributes honesty, humility, persistence, future orientation, and purpose (beyond-the-self life goals). Three profiles were characterized by Low, Middle, and High levels of all attributes, respectively, the fourth profile by low levels of future orientation and persistence (termed Present-oriented), and the fifth profile (termed Aspirational) by low levels of honesty and humility with high levels of future orientation, purpose (beyond-the-self life goals), and persistence. The internal strength of intentional self-regulation differentiated between profile membership, whereas prosocial socialization from a known character role model did not. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Increased messenger RNA levels for low-density lipoprotein receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase in rat liver after long-term ethanol ingestion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Because long-term alcohol intake leads to severe alterations of cholesterol metabolism resulting in both elevated serum cholesterol levels and increased hepatic concentrations of cholesterol esters, we investigated the effect of long-term ethanol consumption on the hepatic messenger RNA (mRNA) content of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and low-density lipoprotein receptor, two major regulatory factors in cholesterol metabolism, and of apoprotein E. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed nutritionally adequate liquid diets containing 36% of total calories as either ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrates for 3 wk. In addition, the lipid content of the diets was varied, resulting in 35%, 17.5%, and 8.8% of total calories corresponding to a daily intake of cholesterol of between 1.2 and 6.3 mg/kg body wt. Although increasing dietary cholesterol intake resulted in a significant decrease of hepatic mRNA for low-density lipoprotein receptor and HMG-CoA reductase (p < 0.05), long-term ethanol consumption led to a significant increase of the mRNA for both proteins (p < 0.01), and this increase was predominantly obvious in animals fed a low-cholesterol diet. In contrast, mRNA content of apoprotein E was found to be significantly lower in livers from rats fed ethanol for a prolonged period of time as compared with controls (p < 0.01), and this effect was found to be still present, although less pronounced, after low cholesterol intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)