jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect Of Nicotinic Acid On Serum Lipids

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

in devising a practical clinical program to reduce elevated levels of serum cholesterol and especially of the low density beta-lipoproteins, because of their statistical relationship to atherosclerosis. There is no definite evidence that such reduction will result in retardation of atherogenesis or in removal of existing atheromas in human beings. However, any method of reducing serum cholesterol levels should be studied to determine its efficacy, safety and ultimate effect on the arteries. Finally, since hypercholesterolemia is a fairly common metabolic defect, reduction should be effected by chemotherapy rather than by any programn which necessitates major alterations in diet. The distinction just made between dietary and non-dietary treatment is made for purposes of clinical investigation and does not imply that the two methods are considered mutually exclusive. However, since a dietary program has not yet been devised which will successfully reduce hypercholesterolemnia in moderately severe or severe cases and still be acceptable to the mnajority of patients for an indefinite period of time, it seems likely that chemotherapy will represent the major if not the sole factor in the ultimate program for hypercholesterolemia.
Fogging Treatment in Preparing Direct Positive Emulsions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This study focuses on behavior of light-induced electrons, and electrons provided by fogging agents, and the effects of silver halide solvent and gold deposition on fog centers of direct positive emulsions. When an emulsion is photofogged, fog centers form preferably in the interior of the grain, indicating that light-induced electrons can be transferred to the conduction band of the silver halide crystal directly. Whereas, when a fogging agent is used, the internal fog centers form only where a sufficient amount of fogging agent exists and only after formation of the surface fog centers. In the above two cases, the ways electrons enter the conduction band are different. The results suggest that when emulsions are fogged, the addition of gold salt might reduce the dispersity of the fog centers. Plating of gold is the main reaction when enough fogging agent exists in the emulsion, and the replacement of silver atoms by gold atoms becomes important when the fogging agent is insufficient. When a direct positive emulsion is fogged, the plating of gold atoms on the fog centers is the main reaction, because of the large quantity of fogging agent.
Effects of water stress on curly Mitchell grass, the common armyworm and the Australian plague locust

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Temporal water and nitrogen relations of curly Mitchell grass, Astrebla lappacea (Lindl.) Domin, in response to single waterings of 0, 20, 60 and 180 mm were studied. Effects on the survival and development of the common armyworm, Mythimna convecta (Walker), and the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker), were recorded. Glasshouse trials were conducted to ascertain the level of rainfall required for insect survival. More than 20 mm of rainfall was needed for insect survival. Even at 60 mm, development was retarded in some instances. Plant nitrogen was positively correlated (R2 = 0.51) with plant moisture. Insect survival was better correlated with plant moisture (R2 = 0.61) than with plant nitrogen (R2 = 0.41).
Meander Dam Aquatic Biota Monitoring Report: Fish 2013/14 (Report to Tasmanian Irrigation)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This report describes the results of the 2013/14 monitoring of fish in the Meander River, as required under the Meander Dam Water Monitoring Program (DPIWE 2007). This program describes monitoring activities required to comply with conditions endorsed on the Water Licence and Environmental Protection Notice (EPN) No. 7345/1 issued for the operation of the Meander Dam. Sampling and reporting for benthic macroinvertebrates is now conducted by Tasmanian Irrigation. \nAs required under this program, sampling was conducted once in spring (25 September) 2013 and once in autumn (25 March) 2014, using a standard fish sampling protocol. Sampling was conducted at two sites in the Meander River – one site upstream and one downstream of Huntsman’s Lake. \nFish data from 2013/14 is compared here to data collected using a similar sampling protocol by DPIWE (DPIWE 2008) from 1994 to 2008, and to data from sampling in 2009/10, 2011/12 and 2012/13, though details of fishing effort for the historic DPIWE data are not recorded.
Specific Early-G, Blocks Accompanied with Stringent Response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lead to Growth Arrest in Resting State Similar

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Growth arrests of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in early G, phase brought by various means were classified into two types according to the mode of growth recovery after release of the restraints against growth. The first type, including arrests caused by cdc25, cdc33, cdc35, and ilsl mutations at the nonpermissive temperature and also by sulfur starvation, showed a subsequent delay in the onset of budding when shifted back to permissive conditions. The length of the delay was positively correlated with the time that cells had been arrested. The second type, including those caused by cdc28 and cdc24 mutations and by a factor, did not affect the mode of growth recovery after the shift to permissive conditions irrespective of the time that cell proliferation had been restricted. Growth arrests of the first type seem to allow yeast cells to enter a resting state equivalent to the G o state of higher eucaryotes because features of the G o shown with lymphocytes and other cultured cells including unusually long delay before the growth recovery (L. H. Augenlicht and R. Baserga,
An Empirical Analysis on Fishery Reciprocal Insurance in Zhejiang Province

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Fishery reciprocal insurance has been carried out for more than 15 years in our country since 1994,but there are fewer researches on the fishery reciprocal insurance.The paper utilized empirical methodology to analyze the fishery risk and the attitude to reciprocal insurance from fishermen,and made beneficial attempts to research the formation mechanism of fishery reciprocal insurance.
Big Data for Global History: The Transformative Promise of Digital Humanities

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article discusses the promises and challenges of digital humanitiesmethodologies for historical inquiry. In order to address the great outstanding question whether big data will re-invigorate macro-history, a number of research projects are described that use cultural text mining to explore big data repositories of digitised newspapers. The advantages of quantitative analysis, visualisation and named entity recognition in both exploration and analysis are illustrated in the study of public debates on drugs, drug trafficking, and drug users in the early twentieth century (wahsp), the comparative study of discourses about heredity, genetics, and eugenics in Dutch and German newspapers, 1863-1940 (biland) and the study of trans-Atlantic discourses (Translantis). While many technological and practical obstacles remain, advantages over traditional hermeneutic methodology are found in heuristics, analytics, quantitative trans-disciplinarity, and reproducibility, offering a quantitative and trans-national perspective on the history of mentalities. This article is part of the special issue 'Digital History'.
Mycotoxins in feeds and their impact on fish and shrimp - Winter school on recent advances in diagnosis and management of diseases in mariculture, 7th to 27th November 2002, Course Manual

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mycotoxins are a group of ubiquitous chemical compounds, widely diverse in \ntheir structures and toxic effects, produced by a variety of fungi. The name mycotoxin \ncombines the Greek word for fungus 'mykes' and the Latin word 'toxicum' meaning \npoison.
Exploring epistemological decentring in a language other than English classroom through pedagogical translanguaging

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper aims to explore the epistemological decentring in a language other than English classroom through pedagogical translanguaging and examine students’ attitudes toward translanguaging practices. Data were collected from a six‐week classroom observation with 20 French major undergraduates and interviews with the students in a comprehensive university in China. Analysis revealed that the teacher employs three forms of translanguaging pedagogy: form‐focused strategy, dual‐language substantiation, and multi‐semiotic strategy, which promote students’ understanding of epistemological decentring. The interviews indicated the advantages of translanguaging integrated with epistemological decentring including heightened engagement, the development of cross‐language awareness, and enhanced critical language awareness. The study shows how pedagogical translanguaging aligns with a decentring perspective, promoting the use of diverse knowledge systems, and highlighting the importance of creating a decentring space for multilingual education. It also underscores the need to challenge monolingual ideologies, question conventional approaches to multilingualism, and actively embrace a diverse range of meaning‐making systems.
Lectin Variation in Members of <i>Rhizoctonia</i> Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Isolates from two multinucleate Rhizoctonia species, namely Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia circinata, and binucleate Rhizoctonia spp., were evaluated for the presence of lectins, using human erythrocytes. Isolates from R. solani had similar lectins across the anastomosis groups. Agglutination profiles, however, revealed individual preferences for human blood types but with a general preference for type A over B and O. R. solani lectins had a general affinity for N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and mucin. Also, some isolates from the binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-DII, had lectins that showed strong affinity for glycoproteins, fetuin and mucin. There was no lectin activity in members of R. circinata. The lectins in members of the genus Rhizoctonia varied in content and character across the species sampled but had similar affinity for mucin. Furthermore, 62% of the self-anastomosing and 35% of the non-self anastomosing isolates tested showed lectin activity. The presence of lectins in both self-anastomosing and non-self anastomosing isolates suggests that lectins may not be directly involved in the recognition process in hyphal anastomosis.
Distribution automation: How should it be evaluated?

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A distribution automation (DA) system enhances the efficiency and productivity of a utility. It also provides intangible benefits such as improved public image and market advantages. A utility should evaluate the benefits and costs of such a system before committing funds. The expenditure for distribution automation is economical when justified by the deferral of a capacity increase, a decrease in peak power demand, or a reduction in O&M requirements. The three modules of a distribution automation system are examined along with the costs of distribution automation.< >
CIA 1997 investment survey

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using a detailed database on intra-MERCOSUR tariffs, we estimate the effect of tariff preferences on the origin of imports of MERCOSUR members. The results show tariff preferences affected imports patterns in the cases of Argentina and Uruguay, and to a less extent also those of Brazil. For the first two countries the results support the hypothesis that MERCOSUR has produced a diversion of trade, no similar evidence is found for Brazil and Paraguay.JEL classification codes: F12, F13, F15
Environmental Stress and Atopic Dermatitis: Cure with Steroid-Free Treatment and Mutual Trust in a Good Life Style

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with severe itching. The exact causes for AD still remain to be elucidated. However, there are at least following 3 causes: 1) allergy, 2) bacterial infection, and 3) environmental stress. These 3 causes are mixed in AD, and consequently symptoms of AD are very complex. In addition, patients with AD are reluctant to take steroid ointment treatment. This is due to the fact that steroid is an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drug. Thus steroid ointment treatment only temporally improved AD by reduction of inflammation, while it failed to cure bacterial infection. Patients had to apply steroid ointment for long-term, which caused many side effects, including enhancement of IgE production, aggravation of skin infection, and rebound phenomenon. Rebound was aggravation of symptoms upon cessation of steroid ointment use. Enhancement of IgE production augmented allergic responses, while aggravation of skin infection worsened skin symptoms. Collectively, lone-term use of steroid ointment complicated AD instead of cure. Patients with AD suffered from these side effects, and they did not trust steroid treatment. Recently, tacrolimus ointment was widely used instead of steroid ointment. However, tacrolimus was more potent immunosuppressive drug, and US FDA warned cancer concern. Therefore, steroid- and tacrolimus-free treatment was considered safer and ideal. Patients with AD were susceptible to stress, which worsened symptoms. Recently, new environmental stress emerged, and patients with AD were suffering from them. In this article, I describe the effect of environmental stress on allergic responses, and explain the details of cases of AD with steroid-free treatment and mutual trust, which resulted in cure of AD.
Deformation energetics of chain defects of polyethylene

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeformation energetics of chain defects of polyethyleneH. Van der Werff, P. T. Van Duynen, and A. J. PenningsCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 11, 2935–2940Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00213a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00213a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Future changes in propagating and non-propagating diurnal rainfall over East Asia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The characteristics of diurnal rainfall in the East Asian continent consist of a propagating regime over the Yangtze River and a non-propagating regime in southeast China. Simulations of these two diurnal rainfall regimes by 18 CMIP5 models were evaluated from the historical experiment of 1981–2005. The evaluation led to the identification of one model, the CMCC-CM that replicated the key characteristics of diurnal rainfall regimes including the propagation of moisture convergence. Using the CMCC-CM to assess the future (2076–2100) change of diurnal evolution and propagation projected by the RCP4.5 experiment, it was found that propagating diurnal rainfall will enhance and expand southward into the non-propagating regime in southeast China. This change in diurnal rainfall is attributed to the intensification of diurnal land–sea thermal contrast over eastern China and the southward shift of the upper-level jet stream over 20°–30°N. Similar projected changes in diurnal rainfall and associated large-scale dynamical mechanisms were also depicted by four other models (GFDL-ESM2G, GFDL-ESM2M, MRI-CGCM3, and MRI-ESM1) showing a higher skill in representing the diurnal rainfall regimes over East Asia. If such model projection holds true, southeast China will experience an increase in the eastward propagating diurnal rainfall, which could further impact Taiwan.
SRTM and beyond: current situation and new developments in spaceborne InSAR

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

SAR interferometry (InSAR) has become one of the most powerful tools in radar remote sensing. Generation of digital elevation models, measurement of glacier flows and mapping of earthquakes, volcanoes and subsidence are the most prominent applications of InSAR. For most of these applications continuous acquisition of SAR data from space over many years, like with the ERS-1/2 or Radarsat, is indispensable, and a quality in its own. The unique Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) demonstrated in 2000 the single-pass InSAR technology for global topographic mapping by generating a world-wide DEM of unprecedented resolution and uniform quality. A new generation of SAR satellites will be launched in the next three years: TerraSAR-X, Radarsat-2, SARLupe, COSMO-Skymed and ALOS. They embody a lot of novel features, such as higher resolution, polarimetry, splittable antennas, and spot-light imaging mode. These future SAR satellites systems and their potential are described after a review of the state of the art SAR and InSAR techniques and applications. Traffic monitoring by TerraSAR-X is highlighted as a particular application, where after new ideas for InSAR satellite constructions and configurations are discussed. 1.
Exploring the Human Capital Development Dimensions of Chinese Investments in Africa: Opportunities, Implications and Directions for Further Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article uses a case-study approach to discuss the effects of Chinese economic engagement on three dimensions of human capital development: local employment, training and skill building, and knowledge and technology transfer. The study findings suggests that Chinese economic engagement can and does contribute to human capital development in Africa; however, this is dependent on certain sectoral factors and contextual conditions. This study advances a working hypothesis that the human capital development impact of Chinese economic engagement will vary across countries and sectors of the African economy. This working hypothesis seeks to guide further research towards developing a theoretical framework for the study of Chinese economic engagement in Africa and its effects on human capital development. The article also identifies research areas that should be further explored in order to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of Chinese economic engagement in Africa.
Antioxidant Activity of Fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The antioxidant activities of extracts and residuum of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel fruits from supercritical CO_2 extraction were determined in vitro.The residuum was extracted in turn with water,propyl alcohol and ethyl acetate.The total phenolic contents and flavonoid contents of the extracts were evaluated and the antioxidant activities of the extracts were assayed with antioxidant capacity in linoleic acid model system,reducing powers,radical scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) method.The total phenolic contents of the fruit extracts as gallic acid equivalents by the Folin–Ciocalteu method were found to be highest in propyl extracts(5.53%) and supercritical CO_2 extracts(5.53%),a little lower in ethyl acetate extracts(4.04%) and lowest in water extracts(0.89%).The phenolic constituents appeared to be responsible,at least in part,for the antioxidant capacity of extracts(R~2=0.703).At the same time,flavonoid content is in the following order:ethyl acetate extract(6.29%),propyl alcohol extract(5.81%),water extract(4.85%) and supercritical CO_2 extract(4.70%).The results show that the ethyl acetate extract of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel possesses strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power in a concentration-dependent manner.
Elite volleyball coaches’ experience using a statistical information system

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigated how elite volleyball coaches enhance team management by using statistical tools that describe players’ behaviours. The focus was particularly on tool usability via a user-experience approach. Five elite male coaches volunteered to participate. Verbalisation data were collected during semi-structured interviews and examined by inductive content analysis (Biddle et al., 2001). The results showed that usability was linked to 15 raw themes (e.g. taking into account the value of the opponent) grouped into six first-order themes (e.g. to balance the statistical data) and then two high-order categories of experience (i.e. knowledge of the situated properties of the statistical tool and know-how for using the statistical tool). These results revealed that the coaches used the statistical tools in a situated, selective and parsimonious way and that their humanistic side was unaffected by the tool. Our findings emphasise that statistical tool use is not an addition to coaching activity but instead indicates a reorganisation in the activity. The key perspectives of this study are twofold: (a) the information focused on user experience should be included at the beginning of the design process to make statistical tools more relevant; (b) the list of knowledge and knowhow linked to the use of statistical tool may be included in guidelines for training program for coaching education.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 103 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ { "and" : [ "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "HasCoordinate is true", "OccurrenceStatus is Present", { "not" : { "BasisOfRecord" : [ "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)" ] } } ] }, "SpeciesKey is Cryptolestes spartii (Curtis, 1834)", "Year is greater than or equal to 2004", "Year is less than or equal to 2023" ] } The dataset includes 103 records from 33 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0086987-240626123714530/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.