jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
45 IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT OF BOVINE TRANSGENIC NUCLEAR TRANSFER EMBRYOS IN SERUM-FREE AND SERUM-SUPPLEMENTED MEDIA

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Novel serum-free media (IVD101) has been shown to be effective for the production of in vitro-produced embryos for subsequent implantation into cows (Hoshi 2003 Theriogenology 59, 675–685). The objective of the present study was to determine whether serum-free embryo cultivation during preimplantation stage could be used for the production of bovine transgenic nuclear transfer embryos. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos were produced by using donor cells containing a vector to induce the production of human erythropoietin in cow's milk. aS1-casein was selected as the promoter to be used in this study through the specific promoter activity test, and enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP) gene was attached to the CMV promoter to allow observation of the donor cell during the experiment. Adult fibroblast cells were transfected with lipofectamine. After G418 selection, the transfected cells were injected to the enucleated oocytes, and injected embryos were accomplished by cell-to-cell fusion. These embryos were then activated with calcium ionomycin and 6-dimethylaminopurine. The reconstructed embryos were cultured in IVD101 and mSOF media at 38.5°C, in a 5% CO2, 5% O2, and 90% N2 atmosphere. Embryos were cultured for 4 days, followed by addition of FBS in case of mSOF media. On day-7, the developmental ability and the number of cells in the reconstructed embryos were determined. Statistical analysis of embryo development data was carried out using unpaired t-test, or ANOVA. There were no significant differences in the cleavage rate (69.6 ± 3.2% v. 64.5 ± 5.0%), blastocyst rate (18.7 ± 1.3% v. 22.0 ± 1.6%), and cell number (113.9 ± 7.5 v. 103.6 ± 7.9) between IVD101 and mSOF+FBS cultured embryos. These results indicated that serum-free media did not reduce the developmental competence of SCNT embryos compared with serum-supplemented media. Further studies are required to investigate whether this serum-free transgenic embryo cultivation could be used for developmental potential in terms of full-term development after embryo transfer.
Study of public perception in France about a potential fortuitous import of Genetically Modified Fish

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

DOGMATIS is a multidisciplinary research project funded by the French Research Agency (ANR, programme ANR-OGM 2007-2010). The transgenic technologies have been applied to fish since more than 20 years now and some strains are at the premarket or market stage in countries outside Europe. In Europe the main risk is a fortuitous import. Any rumour of uncontrolled arrival of GM fish on the European market may have strong impacts on the market chain, the research and innovation system and the trust in public regulation. The aim of DOGMATIS is to anticipate the answers. This programme is presented in another communication in IIFET 2010. As for socio-economic aspects, we studied the risk of fortuitous imports, as mentioned in the other communication, and we studied the perception of the public through two methodologies : (i) consumers focus groups organised twice (2007 and 2010); (ii) some comprehensive interviews with economic actors (wholesalers, retailers, supermarkets, fish farmers) and NGO. We propose to present the main points of our results about public perception, showing a complex set of perceptions linked with a multi-faceted image of transgenetic animals, as a potential technical innovation and/or a potential source of questions and debates by numerous ways.
A new high intensity and short-pulse molecular beam valve

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we report on the design and performance of a new home-built pulsed gas valve, which we refer to as the Nijmegen Pulsed Valve (NPV). The main output characteristics include a short pulse width (as short as 20 μs) combined with operating rates up to 30 Hz. The operation principle of the NPV is based on the Lorentz force created by a pulsed current passing through an aluminum strip located within a magnetic field, which opens the nozzle periodically. The amplitude of displacement of the opening mechanism is sufficient to allow the use of nozzles with up to 1.0 mm diameter. To investigate the performance of the valve, several characterizations were performed with different experimental methods. First, a fast ionization gauge was used to measure the beam intensity of the free jet emanating from the NPV. We compare free jets from the NPV with those from several other pulsed valves in current use in our laboratory. Results showed that a high intensity and short pulse-length beam could be generated by the new valve. Second, the NPV was tested in combination with a skimmer, where resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization combined with velocity map imaging was used to show that the NPV was able to produce a pulsed molecular beam with short pulse duration (∼20 μs using 0.1% NO/He at 6 bars) and low rotational temperature (∼1 K using 0.5% NO/Ar at 6 bars). Third, a novel two-point pump-probe method was employed which we label double delay scan. This method allows a full kinematic characterization of the molecular beam, including accurate speed ratios at different temporal positions. It was found that the speed ratio was maximum (S = 50 using 0.1% NO/He at 3 bars) at the peak position of the molecular beam and decreased when it was on the leading or falling edge.
Biofortification of Common Bean: Critical Analysis of Genetic and Agronomic Strategies as Viable Alternatives to Tackling Zinc Deficiency in Developing Countries

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Zinc (Zn) deficiency affects over 30% of the global population, with the highest burdens in developing countries reliant on cereal-based diets. As a major dietary staple in regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) represents a promising vehicle for addressing hidden hunger. This review critically evaluates the efficacy of various strategies to enhance Zn concentration in common bean, ranging from agronomic to genetic manipulation, and proposes promising strategies for biofortifying common bean in developing countries that are resource- and technology-limited. Biofortification strategies include agronomic practices, conventional breeding, and genetic engineering, each with distinct strengths and limitations. Agronomic methods such as soil and foliar fertilization can rapidly increase micronutrient content, but they require recurrent costs and may not be sustainable for smallholders without subsidies. Genetic engineering, particularly transgenic approaches, can significantly boost Zn levels; however, regulatory hurdles, cost of production, and public acceptance remain significant obstacles to widespread adoption. Conventional breeding is secure and widely adopted, but is time-consuming and limited by genetic diversity, making it less precise and slower than genetic engineering. We argue for a context-specific and integrated biofortification framework that prioritizes agronomic interventions such as biofertilizer, seed priming, soil Zn application, and foliar Zn application as approaches for quick results. Moderate- to long-term progress towards a biofortified common bean can be achieved using conventional breeding methods by selecting for local germplasm that accumulates higher Zn amounts in grain. On the other hand, genetic engineering is best for rapid, targeted nutrient enhancement where genetic diversity is lacking, but faces regulatory and acceptance challenges. We recommend that policymakers prioritize frameworks that harmonize these approaches, improve communication and education regarding the benefits of biofortified crop produce, subsidize and strengthen biofortified seed systems, and promote soil health initiatives.
Intrinsic Security in MANET via Trusted Connectivity Information

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks are increasingly deployed in military networks as well as special kinds of civil law enforcement and emergency operation domains. Compared to wired and other types of wireless networks, MANETs are particularly vulnerable to a wide range of attacks and require high security and privacy guarantees due to their critical mission. Research efforts have focused on developing secure routing protocols for MANETs but very little attention has been given to the data plane and the information we can extract about the actual communication links. Wireless networks that require high levels of security may use data path information to validate routing information. In this paper, we develop a scheme that allows us to track and validate mobile node connectivity in order to identify potential malicious behavior. We propose a novel algorithm to accomplish connectivity tracking based on a space-efficient Bloom filter data structure and the use of aggregate signatures. We present simulation results on a real network trace that show the effectiveness of our design.
Clinical study of breast-conserving operation for breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the surgical indication ,the operative procedure and effect for the patients with breast cancer (BC). Methods Forty-six cases of stage I～II bBC were treated with breast-conserving surgery plus radiotherapy ,chemotherapy and endocrinetherapy postoperativly .The effect of breast-consering group was compared with BC patient (50 casesI～II b) treated by modified radical mastectomy only (comtrol group) . All cases in both aroups were followed-up for 0.5～14 years with average 4 years . Results The patients treated by breast-conserving surgery had good cosmesis effect than that in control group patients did.The 3、5、10 year′s survival rate and local recurrence were 96.8%,88.9%, 87.5 % and 6.5% in breast-conserving surgery group,and 97.1%,89.5%, 87.5 % and 4.0% in modified radical mastectomy group, respectively (all P 0.05) . Conclusions The effect of early-stage of breast cancer treatment by breast-conserving therapy plus other adjunct therapies is satisfactory . It can be as the first choice for the treatment of patients with early-stage of breast cancer.
Levels of Recommendation for Students and Academic Performance in Medical School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Letters of recommendation from educational institutions have traditionally been considered a major criterion in admission decisions. However, very little attention has been directed to the study of the relationship between the content of letters of recommendation and measures of academic performance in professional schools. To investigate this relationship, letters of recommendation of 236 students who attended Jefferson Medical College from 5 undergraduate institutions were reviewed, and the levels of recommendation contained in the letters were identified. Yearly GPAs, scores of the 3 parts of the National Board Medical Examinations, and ratings of clinical competence in the first postgraduate year were selected as measures of academic performance. The results indicated that the levels of recommendation did not improve the multiple R prediction of the criteria beyond the level obtained using undergraduate GPA in science courses. Factor analysis of the data showed that levels of recommendation were heavily loaded on a factor related to undergraduate GPA in science courses.
High concentrations of N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) selectively activate NMDA receptors on mouse spinal cord neurons in cell culture

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We examined the membrane action of the endogenous dipeptide and putative neurotransmitter N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) on the excitatory amino acid receptors of cultured mouse spinal cord neurons using electrophysiological methods. Responses to NAAG (1 microM-5 mM) were compared to those elicited by N-methyl-D-aspartate (1 microM-1 mM) and L-glutamate (0.5–500 microM). Under voltage clamp, concentration- response curves of agonist-evoked currents demonstrated that NAAG was much less potent than either L-glutamate or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), so that inward currents could be evoked only at NAAG concentrations above 300 microM. Analysis of the dipeptide by high- pressure liquid chromatography showed no evidence of contamination by excitatory amino acids, suggesting that NAAG has an intrinsic, although weak, neuroexcitatory action on spinal neurons. Previous studies have shown that activation of NMDA receptors produces a voltage-dependent response. The current-voltage relationship of responses evoked by NAAG was also voltage-dependent. The peptide-activated conductance decreased with hyperpolarization in the presence of extracellular Mg2+, such that little inward current could be evoked at a membrane potential of -80 mV. In addition, responses to NAAG were completely antagonized by 250 microM DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, a specific NMDA-receptor antagonist. Application of NAAG in Mg2+-free medium resulted in an inward current with a large increase in membrane current noise. The spectral density function of this current noise could be fitted with a single Lorentzian with a decay time constant near 5 msec and a calculated single-channel conductance of 50–60 pS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Development of Pentecostalism in Cambodia and Laos

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite lacking the kind of dramatic revivals which gave birth to Pentecostal and charismatic movements in other Asian nations, Pentecostal movements in Cambodia and Laos have experienced remarkable growth since 1990, having especially benefitted from broad international efforts and support of both traditional and new missionary-sending nations. This chapter begins with an outline of early missionary endeavours, then explores some of the devastating challenges of the 20th century, which led to the suppression but ultimate rebirth of the church. The development of the Pentecostal movement included a few major public outreach events by international ministries, particularly in Cambodia. Furthermore, cooperative international efforts across denominations have been a long-standing feature of Christian work in these two nations. Pentecostal ministerial training has been an important way to spread the gospel, opening opportunities for church planting drives by groups and individuals. Community development programmes have also been a significant feature of the Pentecostal movement in both of these countries since 1990. In the final section of the chapter areas for future research are suggested.
Topology of graph configuration spaces and quantum statistics

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this thesis we develop a full characterization of abelian quantum statistics on graphs. We explain how the number of anyon phases is related to connectivity. For 2-connected graphs the independence of quantum statistics with respect to the number of particles is proven. For non-planar 3-connected graphs we identify bosons and fermions as the only possible statistics, whereas for planar 3-connected graphs we show that one anyon phase exists. Our approach also yields an alternative proof of the structure theorem for the first homology group of n-particle graph configuration spaces. Finally, we determine the topological gauge potentials for 2-connected graphs. Moreover we present an alternative application of discrete Morse theory for two-particle graph configuration spaces. In contrast to previous constructions, which are based on discrete Morse vector fields, our approach is through Morse functions, which have a nice physical interpretation as two-body potentials constructed from one-body potentials. We also give a brief introduction to discrete Morse theory.
The Impact of Free Clinic Services on Healthcare Utilization among Charlottesville Residents Experiencing Homelessness

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The UVA Community Outreach Clinic is a free clinic run by UVA physicians and medical students that provides access to healthcare for Charlottesville residents currently experiencing homelessness. The study population includes patients experiencing homelessness who have had at least one visit at this free clinic. The primary objective of this study is to assess changes in the frequency of emergency department visits before and after a patient’s initial UVA Community Outreach Clinic visit. Secondary objectives are to characterize changes in frequency of primary care and specialty care visits before and after a patient’s initial free clinic visit. In this retrospective chart review, the date of each patient’s initial encounter with the free clinic was identified utilizing the electronic medical record. We then compiled all the patients’ healthcare visits that occurred within a range of twelve months before and twelve months after their initial encounter with the free clinic. We are currently analyzing these data to assess for any significant differences in emergency department visits, primary care visits, and other healthcare services utilization, following patients’ initial encounter with the UVA Community Outreach Clinic. We are in the processes of finalizing the results of this investigation. The results will characterize the impact of the UVA Community Outreach Clinic on disparities in healthcare utilization within the Charlottesville community, as well as the economic impact that the free clinic has on the UVA Health System.
Identification of Two Early Folding Stage Prion Non-Local Contacts Suggested to Serve as Key Steps in Directing the Final Fold to Be Either Native or Pathogenic

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The initial steps of the folding pathway of the C-terminal domain of the murine prion protein mPrP(90–231) are predicted based on the sequential collapse model (SCM). A non-local dominant contact is found to form between the connecting region between helix 1 and β-sheet 1 and the C-terminal region of helix 3. This non-local contact nucleates the most populated molten globule-like intermediate along the folding pathway. A less stable early non-local contact between segments 120–124 and 179–183, located in the middle of helix 2, promotes the formation of a less populated molten globule-like intermediate. The formation of the dominant non-local contact constitutes an example of the postulated Nature’s Shortcut to the prion protein collapse into the native structure. The possible role of the less populated molten globule-like intermediate is explored as the potential initiation point for the folding for three pathogenic mutants (T182A, I214V, and Q211P in mouse prion numbering) of the prion protein.
Conservation priorities, policy, and public opinion in British Columbia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Biodiversity conservation is increasingly recognized as an issue of managing people in addition to managing wildlife; therefore, understanding the values that people hold toward various aspects of wildlife can help inform policies around the conservation of species at risk. To this end, I helped conduct a survey of the British Columbian public to explore their preferences for species attributes that can help to inform conservation priorities, and found that species endemism was the most important of the measured attributes. Preferences for different species attributes were influenced by survey respondents’ gender, education, residential stability, income and ecological worldview, but not by age. Examining current British Columbian Red and Blue lists of at-risk species, I found that more-endemic species were less likely than less-endemic species to be identified as priorities across several vertebrate taxa, indicating a local, instead of global, conservation focus. Importantly, this pattern held regardless of species’ global range size.
Metabolism of free fatty acids by myocardium and kidney

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The myocardial and renal removal and oxidation of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) were studied in dogs receiving an infusion of I-C 14 -palmitate, oleate, linoleate, or octanoate. The myocardium extracted about 40% of the total arterial FFA, and some was oxidized to CO 2 . Blood C 14 O 2 was consistently higher in the coronary sinus than in the artery. The specific activity of the coronary sinus C 14 O 2 was higher than that of the arterial C 14 O 2 in dogs infused with long-chain fatty acids. The specific activity of arterial C 14 O 2 was higher than that of the coronary sinus C 14 O 2 when octanoate was infused. There were no differences observed in FFA extraction and C 14 O 2 production among the different groups of animals receiving the various long-chain fatty acids. In gas chromatographic studies palmitic acid was the only FFA with a consistent net removal by the kidney. Approximately 9% of the arterial radiopalmitate was removed by this organ in dogs receiving infusions of palmitic acid-1-C 14 . Simultaneously, C 14 O 2 was produced by the kidney. A consistent removal of oleate-1-C 14 or a significant production of C 14 O 2 was not found. Infusion of octanoate-1-C 14 led to a marked release of C 14 O 2 by the kidney, with greatly increased CO 2 specific activity in the renal vein.
1880-LB: Implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI)–Based Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Improves Ophthalmology Follow-up in the Intermountain West

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction and Objective: AI-based retinal imaging is highly sensitive in detecting diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, follow-up adherence, referral efficiency, and ophthalmologist availability remain key challenges for disease monitoring and treatment access. This project examines the impact that AI-based DR screening has on ophthalmology follow-up rates within a three month time frame for patients with more-than-mild diabetic retinopathy (MTMDR), compared to traditional tele-retinal screening. Methods: Previously (2018-2021), point-of-care DR screening at the Utah Diabetes and Endocrinology Center at the University of Utah utilized a traditional tele-retinal protocol, where clinic-acquired images were transmitted for off-site interpretation by a retina specialist. The lag time from photo acquisition to patient notification of findings was 10 days on average. In May 2021, our clinic began using the AI-based DR screening program EyeArt, which provides immediate interpretation following photo-acquisition. A retrospective review of adults with T1D or T2D and MTMDR on screening compared the follow-up rates of traditional tele-retinal versus AI-based DR screening processes. Results: Among the 357 patients screened traditionally, 12% (n=42) had MTMDR, with 38% (n=16) completing in-person ophthalmology evaluation within three months. Since implementation of AI based screening in 2021, 584 patients have undergone screening, with 25% (n=144) found to have MTMDR, 51% (n=73) of whom completed in-person ophthalmology follow-up within three months. Conclusion: AI-based screening resulted in improved adherence to successful ophthalmology follow-up ophthalmology within three months following a positive screening test as compared to a traditional tele-retinal process. Immediate results and streamlined referrals likely contributed to improved follow-up adherence. However, significant barriers to ophthalmology engagement persist following a positive DR screening. Disclosure C. Watson: None. F.A. Aljabrain: None. M. Wahl: None.