jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Strongly Rickart objects in abelian categories

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We introduce and study (dual) strongly relative Rickart objects in abelian\ncategories. We prove general properties, we analyze the behaviour with respect\nto (co)products, and we study the transfer via functors. We also give\napplications to Grothendieck categories, (graded) module categories and\ncomodule categories. Our theory of (dual) strongly relative Rickart objects may\nbe employed in order to study strongly relative regular objects and (dual)\nstrongly relative Baer objects in abelian categories.\n
Synthesis and radical polymerization of 2,3-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

2, 3-ジフェニル-1, 3-ブタジエン (DPB) の合成法として二通りの方法を検討した. 一つは, 従来からの2, 3-ジフェニル-2, 3-ブタンジオール (ジオール) の脱水による方法であり, その脱水反応における各種の脱水剤の比較検討を行った. なお, ジオールは, i) 紫外線照射によるアセトフェノンの還元二量化反応法とii) NaアマルガムまたはAlアマルガムによるアセトフェノンのピコナール反応法によって得た. もう一つの方法は, α-プロムスチレン-Mgのグリニャール試薬とアセトフェノンとの反応による方法である. 前者の場合, いずれの脱水剤を使用しても3, 3-ジフェニル-2-ブタノンの副生が避けられないのに対し, 後者でのグリニャール法では, ケトンが副生することなく好収率 (全収率53.2%) でDPBを得ることができた. また, 得られたDPBのラジカル重合性についても調べた.
The economics of greening the Grahamstown National Arts Festival in South Africa

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article analyses the broad history underpinning the notion of sustainable development and its context within the events industry in South Africa. It explores the willingness of festival-goers to pay for a hypothetical recycling programme to reduce the negative externalities of the Festival. Results show that festival-goers were, on average, willing to pay an additional R2.30 per “green” ticket to fund the proposed programme. A statistical regression was used to explore the determinants of willing-to-pay. If applied to all tickets, the total willing-to-pay amount far exceeded the actual cost of the recycling programme.
Vibroacoustic metamaterial for enhanced Sound Transmission Loss with variable frequency range designed for serial production

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recently, vibroacoustic metamaterials have been broadly investigated, especially for noise and vibration mitigation. By creating a band gap effect in flexural wave propagation in a base element, metamaterials improve its vibroacoustic parameters in low and mid frequency range while preserving low mass and structure dimensions. While the foundational assumptions and lab validations highlight the advantages of these metamaterials, the practical application of these structures in real-world scenarios remains a challenge. The main aspect that is widely investigated is achieving maximum effectiveness while maintaining the simplicity of geometry to optimize mass production costs. This work presents a vibroacoustic metamaterial design with geometry adapted to serial production using injection molding. The proposed geometry allows for adjusting the effective frequency range of the structure after the production process. Due to the distinctive configuration of the elements and the grouping of unit cells, the design facilitates the generation of broadband and multi-band structures as well. Numerical simulations were employed to assess the impact of the proposed metamaterial on Sound Transmission Loss and other vibroacoustic parameters. Experimental validation of prototype effectiveness was conducted through Sound Reduction Index measurements in a diffuse field.
The separation and determination of mixtures of chlorinated o‐cresols

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Methods of separation of the products of chlorination of o ‐cresol are described. The procedure adopted for preparation of the pure chloro‐ o ‐cresols is outlined, and the development of a rapid method for the estimation of the four cresols appearing in the chlorination product is traced. The method consists in separating, by partition chromatography on kieselguhr, the mixture into two fractions, 6‐chloro‐ o ‐cresol + 4 : 6‐dichloro‐ o ‐cresol and o ‐cresol + 4‐chloro‐ o ‐cresol. The components of these fractions are estimated differentially by ultra‐violet spectrophotometry. Results are shown for analysis of mixtures of the pure cresols.
Modeling Seepage into Heated Waste Emplacement Tunnels in Unsaturated Fractured Rock

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Predicting the amount of water that may seep into waste emplacement tunnels (drifts) is important for assessing the performance of the proposed geologic repository for high‐level radioactive waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The repository will be located in thick, partially saturated fractured tuff that—for the first several hundred years after emplacement—will be heated to above‐boiling temperatures as a result of heat generation from the decay of radioactive waste. Heating of rock water to above‐boiling conditions induces water saturation changes and perturbs water fluxes that affect the potential for water seepage into drifts. We describe numerical analyses of the coupled thermal‐hydrological (TH) processes in the vicinity of waste emplacement drifts, evaluate the potential of seepage during the heating phase of the repository, and discuss the implications for the performance of the site. In addition to the capillary barrier at the rock‐drift interface—independent of the thermal conditions—a second barrier exists to downward percolation at above‐boiling conditions. This barrier is caused by vaporization of water in the fractured rock overlying the repository. A TOUGH2 dual‐permeability simulation model was developed to analyze the combined effect of these two barriers; it accounts for all relevant TH processes in response to heating, while incorporating the capillary barrier condition at the drift wall. Model results are presented for a variety of simulation cases that cover the expected variability and uncertainty of relevant rock properties and boundary conditions.
Vegetable Oils as Substitutes for Diesel Oil in Brazil

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

EXCELLENT potential exists for Brazilian agriculture to develop a vegetable oil program as a substitute for diesel oil. Vegetable oils have surprisingly good fuel properties for application in compression ignition engines. One of the major limitations is the higher viscosity of vegetable oils which can be significantly improved by transesterification. Successful engine tests have been compelted with both indirect-injected (IDI) engines and direct-injected (DI) engines in Brazil. Results are more encouraging for IDI than those for DI engines. With the current international oil prices the use of vegetable oils as a substitute for diesel oil is not feasible. However, research programs should be continued in Brazil since the petroleum price may increase in the future.
In Vitro Metabolism Study of Edaravone in Wistar and Hairless Rat Skin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We investigated the skin metabolism of edaravone as a radical scavenger in Wistar and hairless rat skin. Approximately 1 g of abdominal skin was excised from 10-week-old Wistar and hairless rats, homogenized in 10 ml saline, and centrifuged at 10000 g for 20 min. The supernatant fluid was used for the examination of edaravone metabolism in the skin, and we also used supernatant fluid that was heated at 80 degrees C. Edaravone solution (0.05 ml, 2.4 micromol/ml) was added to 0.95 ml Wistar rat and hairless rat skin homogenate supernatant fluids. In Wistar rats, the residual amount of edaravone in skin homogenate supernatant fluid at 37 degrees C after 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 min was 61.58+/-1.65, 41.84+/-8.52, 35.54+/-8.62, 19.73+/-5.99 and 13.89+/-4.40%, respectively. In hairless rats, the residual amount of edaravone in skin homogenate supernatant fluid at 37 degrees C after 0, 5 and 10 min was 50.19+/-14.17, 6.71+/-5.82 and 0.89+/-0.80%, respectively, and edaravone was not detected after 20 min. Although it was thought that metabolic enzyme activity in skin homogenate supernatant fluid was lost following heat treatment at 80 degrees C, the residual amount of edaravone in our skin homogenate supernatant fluid decreased with time. It is suggested that edaravone metabolism in the skin is necessary for non-enzymatic reactions.
Nasopharyngeal rhinosporidiosis with intracranial extension masquerading as juvenile angiofibroma: an unusual entity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic fungal inflammatory disease prevalent in India and Sri Lanka. Its manifestations are mostly nasal and extranasal lesions are relatively rare. Occasional atypical presentations of this disease lead to diagnostic dilemma. Herein we report on a case of nasopharyngeal rhinosporidiosis having extensive involvement of paranasal sinuses along with intracranial extension which mimicked radiologically as juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of rhinosporidiosis having intracranial extension. We discuss the pathology, treatment and briefly review the literature of this rare disease.
Comparative Antibacterial Study of Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Annona Muricata

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This research project was aimed at investigating the antibacterial efficacy of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of A. muricata using agar-disc diffusion method for five clinical isolates of bacteria consisting of two gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans ) and three gram-negative ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi ) bacteria which have been implicated in the most common types of bacterial infections such as diarrhea, typhoid fever, tooth decay, etc. The antibacterial activity was measured by the diameter of zone of inhibition (mm) observed and the extracts were found to exhibit antibacterial activities against the test organisms with each organism showing different patterns of formation of zones of inhibition at different concentrations of the extracts. The results of this study revealed that S. aureus was the most susceptible gram-positive bacteria and S. typhi was the most susceptible gram-negative bacteria which indicated that this plant contains compounds with wide antibacterial activity which validates their use for treatment of various microbial infections in traditional medicine. The findings in this study provide the basis for further study on the plant with the aim of isolating and identifying the active substances responsible for its antimicrobial activities. The plant could also be standardized to develop cheap, safer, culturally acceptable herbal medicines to help combat the problem of antibiotic resistance. The extraction of A.muricata which was done by maceration yielded 14.95% and 17.63% for aqueous and ethanol extracts respectively.The difference between both extracts when compared to the standard antibiotic(Ciprofloxacin) was significant(p<0.05 level of significance) against P.aeroginosa, E coli and S.mutans .Conversely, S aureus and S.typhi showed no significant difference(p<0.05 level of significance) in their response to both extracts(400 mg/ml) and the standard drug.This shows that A.muricata extract can be potential antimicrobial agent directed against S.aureus and S.typhi. Keywords: Annona muricata, antibacterial, extracts, comparative, ethno-medicinal.
Forest Fires Simulation Based on MOGRE Particle System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on forest fire spread model Rothermel, visualization simulation technology combined with the actual forest region geography environment are used to dynamic real-time display fire boundary in the paper. The fire spreading model and the MOGRE particle system are combined to show the spread of forest fire process and to provide the forest auxiliary emergency decision support, which can play an important role to effectively organize and calculate the fire fighting and reduce the loss caused by the forest fire.
The Effectiveness of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Implementation Using Video Media on Student Motivation and Learning Outcomes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research was motivated by low student motivation and learning outcomes in the Culinary Basics course at SMKN 6 Padang. Conventional learning models such as lectures and PowerPoint presentations are considered incapable of generating student enthusiasm and engagement in practice-based learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of implementing the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model combined with video media in improving student motivation and learning outcomes in this subject. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a pretest-posttest control group design. Data collection used two main instruments: a learning outcome test to measure cognitive and psychomotor aspects, and a learning motivation questionnaire to measure students' affective factors. These instruments were tested for validity and reliability before use. Data were collected from two classes: an experimental class using PjBL with video media and a control class using the lecture method with PowerPoint. The results of data analysis showed a significant difference between the experimental and control classes. Students learning using the video-assisted PjBL model showed greater improvements in learning motivation and learning outcomes. The significance value obtained from the statistical test was below 0.05, indicating that the use of the video-based PjBL model was proven effective in improving the quality of culinary practical learning in vocational schools. Therefore, the implementation of video-assisted PjBL can be an innovative and engaging alternative learning strategy in vocational schools.
3D morphology of pharyngeal dentition of the genus Capoeta (Cyprinidae): Implications for taxonomy and phylogeny

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Capoeta is a herbivorous cyprinid fish genus, widely distributed in water bodies of Western Asia. Recent species show a distinct biogeographic pattern with endemic distribution in large fluvial drainage basins. As other cyprinids, the species of this genus are characterized by the presence of the pharyngeal bone with pharyngeal teeth. Despite this, the detailed morphology of the pharyngeal teeth, its interspecific and topologic variations, and the importance for taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Capoeta are still not established. For the first time, a detailed comprehensive study of the pharyngeal dentition of 10 Capoeta species has been provided. The morphologic study of the pharyngeal dentition bases on the 3D microtomography and follows the purpose to evaluate the potential taxonomic and phylogenetic signals of these elements, as well as to study interspecific and topologic variations of the pharyngeal teeth. In this study, we propose a new methodology to categorize the studied pharyngeal teeth in 18 shape classes. The results of this study show that the detailed 3D morphology of the pharyngeal teeth is a useful tool for the identification of isolated teeth at the generic and/or specific level and that in certain cases, the tooth position in the teeth rows can be identified. Additionally, the preliminary analysis shows that the morphology of the pharyngeal teeth provides a potential phylogenetic signal. Both these patterns are very important for the taxonomy of cyprinid fishes and especially can be applied to fossil records.
Conversion of surgically verified unresectable to resectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During the period 1978–1987, 255 patients with pathologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were determined by laparotomy to be unresectable, 155 (60.8%) out of them had their tumor mainly confined in right or left lobe and considered to be potentially resectable if remarkable tumor shrinkage appears after treatment. Second look operation was performed in 26 (16.8%) out of the 155 patients after marked reduction of tumor size, resection was done in all of these 26 patients. Triple or quadruple combination treatment with hepatic artery ligation (HAL), hepatic artery infusion (HAI) with chemotherapy, radiotherapy using linear accelerator, and radioimmunotherapy using 131-I antihuman HCC ferritin antibody yielded the highest conversion rate (29.8%, 14/47) as compared to double combination treatment with HAL+HAI, or cryosurgery+HAL (16.9%, 12/71) and single treatment with HAL or HAI or HAE (embolization) (0%, 0/37). The median tumor size of these 26 patients was reduced from 9.5 cm to 5.0 cm after combination treatment. The median interval between the first laparotomy and the subsequent resection was 5.0 (2–16) months. The survival rates calculated by life table method were: 1-year 86.5%, 2-year 74.3% and 3-year 74.3%. Nine cases have survival more than 3 years. Thus, multimodality combination treatment with subsequent resection might prolong survival significantly for some patients with unresectable HCC particularly confined in right lobe of a cirrhotic liver.
Utilization of Social Media in Teacher Interpersonal Communication with Students with Special Needs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purposes ond conclution of this research are to find out how the application of interpersonal communication between teachers and deaf students extraordinary school in the utilization of social media, to find out what factors hinder and support the application of interpersonal communication in the utilization of social media extraordinary school, and to know what impact occurs on students in the utilization of social media in interpersonal communication with the teacher, which is the overall purpose of this research by paying attention to the quality of supportive attitudes. The method used in this research uses qualitative research methods with a case study research approach.The results of this research are when communicating, teachers and deaf students pay attention to the language used. Teachers and students alike try to be honest and try to position themselves as interlocutors when communicating. The inhibiting factor is the vocabulary of deaf students, studentsare not able to speak clearly, students who are initially dishonest and students who are not easily cured. While the supporting factors are students like to ask questions and tell the teacher, the teacher who always forgives students, honest students because the evidence that the teacher has and the teachers and students positioning themselves as interlocutors when communicating. The impact that occurs on students are increasing vocabulary of students, students who increasingly become honest and students who increasingly understand the teacher.
The Role of Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Ulum Tambakberas on Religious Ethos Surrounding Community

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Pesantren is a traditional educational environment where students live together and study under the guidance of a teacher who is better known as a kiai. This paper aims to add a special study related to impact of existence in Bahrul Ulum Islamic Boarding School Tambakberas, Jombang, on the Behavior or Attitude the Religious Ethic of Surrounding Community. This paper uses a qualitative research type. And is the result of field research, And is the result of field research, the use of Sociological and Anthropological approaches by understanding socio-religious practices, this writing uses the Theory of Use of Religious Theory as a Cultural System from Clifford Geertz, to see the culture of community around in pesantren. The Bahrul Ulum Tambakberas Jombang as one of subcultural institutions introduced the idea of village Development and a center for community learning activities with Islamic principles that deal directly with all kinds of community problems. The results of writing show that pesantren play a very effective role in empowering and transforming society. Islamic boarding schools were born to respond to the situation and social conditions of a society which is being faced with the collapse of moral foundations, through the transformation of the values offered.
Table_1_The Genetic Structures of an Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae and Its Plasmids.XLSX

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p>Multi-, extensively-, and pan-drug resistant bacteria are a threat to our health today, because their wide resistance spectra make their infections difficult to cure. In this work, we isolated an extensively drug resistant (XDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae 2-1 strain from the stool sample of a patient diagnosed of colorectal cancer. K. pneumoniae 2-1 was found to be resistant to all the antibiotics tested except for cefepime, tigecycline, and ceftazidime-avibactam. By sequencing the complete genome of K. pneumoniae 2-1, we found it contains a chromosome of 5.23 Mb and two circular plasmids with the size of 246 and 90 kb. The larger plasmid, pKP21HI1 was found to be a new conjugation-defective plasmid belonging to incompatibility group HI1B and a new sequence type. Further comparative genomics analysis and antimicrobial resistance gene analysis showed that although a great deal of changes took place on the chromosome of K. pneumoniae 2-1 in comparison with the reference genome, the extensively drug resistance phenotype of K. pneumoniae 2-1 is primarily due to the two multidrug resistant plasmids it contains. This work explains the genetic and mechanistic basis of the extensive drug resistance of K. pneumoniae 2-1, and found that plasmids play key roles in the strong antibiotic resistance of bacteria.</p>
Keeping party programmes on track: the transmission of the policy agendas of executive speeches to legislative outputs in the United Kingdom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the United Kingdom, the transmission between policy promises and statutes is assumed to be both rapid and efficient because of the tradition of party discipline, relative stability of government, absence of coalitions, and the limited powers of legislative revision in the second chamber. Even in the United Kingdom, the transmission is not perfect since legislative priorities and outputs are susceptible to changes in public opinion or media coverage, unanticipated events in the external world, backbench rebellions, changes in the political parties, and the practical constraints of administering policies or programmes. This paper investigates the strength of the connection between executive priorities and legislative outputs measured by the Speech from the Throne and Acts of Parliament from 1911 to 2008. These are categorized according to the policy content coding system of the UK Policy Agendas Project ( www.policyagendas.org.uk ). Time series cross-sectional analyses show that there is transmission of the policy agenda from the speech to acts. However, the relationship differs by party, strengthening over time for Conservative governments and declining over time for Labour and other governments.