jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neuroticism Is Associated with Tau Pathology in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals with Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Greater neuroticism has been associated with higher risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. However, the directionality of this association is unclear. We examined whether personality traits differ between cognitively-unimpaired carriers of autosomal-dominant AD (ADAD) and non-carriers, and are associated with in vivo AD pathology. Objective: To determine whether personality traits differ between cognitively unimpaired ADAD mutation carriers and non-carriers, and whether the traits are related to age and AD biomarkers. Methods: A total of 33 cognitively-unimpaired Presenilin-1 E280A mutation carriers and 41 non-carriers (ages 27–46) completed neuropsychological testing and the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory. A subsample (n = 46; 20 carriers) also underwent tau and amyloid PET imaging. Results: Carriers reported higher neuroticism relative to non-carriers, although this difference was not significant after controlling for sex. Neuroticism was positively correlated with entorhinal tau levels only in carriers, but not with amyloid levels. Conclusion: The finding of higher neuroticism in carriers and the association of this trait with tau pathology in preclinical stages of AD highlights the importance of including personality measures in the evaluation of individuals at increased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia. Further research is needed to characterize the mechanisms of these relationships.
Abstract P071: Mineralocorticoid Receptor Overexpression in Adipose Tissue Leads to Metabolic Syndrome and Induction of Prostaglandin D2 Synthase PTGDS and lipocalin-2 NGAL

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objectives: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic risk factors associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular events. Adipose tissue (AT) plays a central role in the obesity-related metabolic abnormalities and it’s known that Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) activation affects adipocyte differentiation and function. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the molecular and metabolic consequences of adipocyte-targeted increase in MR expression in mice. Results: In our study we showed that MR expression is increased in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in a preclinical mouse model of MetS. Thus, we generated a double transgenic mouse model with a conditional and inducible overexpression of MR in AT (Adipo-MORE), demonstrating that increased expression of MR in AT contributes to MetS development with multiple metabolic abnormalities, including visceral obesity (VAT mass, control-MR 5.0±0.6 adipo-MORE 10.4±1.8, p<0.05), insulin resistance (HOMA index, control-MR 8.9±0.8 adipo-MORE 14.5±2.2, p<0.05) as well as dyslipidemia (total cholesterol, mg/dL control-MR 86.0±6.0 adipo-MR 109±6, p<0.05). We also identified prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) as a novel mediator of adipogenic effects of MR activation in adipocytes. Since adipokines play pivotal roles in the regulation of insulin sensitivity in obesity, we also focused on the role of lipocalin-2 NGAL, recently identified in our laboratory as a target of aldosterone action in cardiovascular system, as new adipocyte MR target. It’s known that NGALKO mice fed a high fat diet are protected from obesity-induced cardiovascular dysfunctions. In our model we observed an increase of NGAL mRNA levels (3 fold increase, p<0.05) in VAT. Moreover, NGAL was induced (2-8 fold increase, p<0.05) in primary cultures of adipocytes differentiated ex vivo from adipo-MORE mice in presence of aldosterone stimulation compared to controls. Conclusions: We demonstrated that PTGDS is a novel direct MR target in rodent adipocytes mediating adipogenic effects of MR activation. We also found that NGAL is induced in presence of MR overexpression in adipocytes in vivo and ex vivo. In consideration of our results, other analyses are necessary to better understand the role of NGAL as adipocyte MR target.
Preferential binding of the chemical carcinogen N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorcne to B-DNA as compared to Z-DNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The reaction between the chemical carcinogen N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene and poly (dG-dC) . poly (dG-dC) (B-form), poly (dG-m5dC) . poly (dG-m5dC) (B-or Z-form), poly(dG-br5dC) . poly (dG-br5dC) (Z-form) has been studied. The carcinogen binds covalently to B-DNA but does not bind significantly to Z-DNA. These results are discussed as related to the accessibility, the electrostatic potential and the dynamic structure of DNA. The accessibility and the electrostatic potential of DNA do not explain the difference in reactivity of the carcinogen since a related carcinogen N-acetoxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene binds equally well to both B and Z-DNA. On the other hand, poly (dG-dC) . poly(dG-dC) and poly (dG-br5dC) . poly(dG-br5dC), in presence of ethidium bromide binds equally well to N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene. It is suggested that the very low binding of this carcinogen to Z-DNA as compared to B-DNA is due to differences in the dynamic structures of these two forms of DNA.
Determination of goal pose for accurate parking of nonholonomic robots

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As technology has become more advanced, engineers are able to design an autonomous robot that could deal with various kinds of hectic work environment problems. Autonomous robots regularly have advanced highlights, for example, the machine learnings that can assist them in understanding their physical condition and mechanize parts of their support and heading that used to be executed by human hands. In collaboration with the ASTAR Research Institute (ASTAR), this project aims to determine the goal pose for accurate parking for non-holonomic robots using Astar Search Algorithm with heuristics functions added to guide its search and better its performance. The use of Astar Search algorithm not only enable the autonomous robot to find the goal location accurately but also able to avoid stationary obstacles that are obstructing its path. Other searching algorithms will also be examined in the section of the literature review. The features application of this Final Year Project (FYP) can be implemented in the hospital environment where the autonomous robot can assist the nurses to execute the simple tasks such as giving medicine to the patients, delivering meals to patients, interacting with patients, etc. The used of the autonomous robot also helps to reduce manpower option, in returns cost savings.
Effect of Al_2O_3 content on heat transfer through mold slag film during continuous casting high Al content Al-TRIP steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The high Al content Al-TRIP steel is likely to react with SiO2 in the mold slag during the continuous casting process,which leads to a rapid increase of Al2O3 content in the slag from 3% to 30%.Sequentially,the characteristic of heat transfer through slag film is changed,which affects the quality of strand and process operation of continuous casting.The mold slag film simulator was used to investigate the effect of Al2O3 content on heat transfer of Al-TRIP steel of mold fluxes,and SEM and XRD were used to analyze the crystalline phase of the slag films.The results show that the heat flux density of the slag film increases significantly with the increase of Al2O3 content from 3% to 20%,and the heat flux density initially increases then decreases again with the increase of Al2O3 content from 20% to 30%.As the w(Al2O3)/w(SiO2) ratio increases,the heat flux decreases,and under this experiment condition,the CaF2 crystal phase precipitates.
Looking to the past to understand the future: linking evolutionary modes of response with functional and life history traits in variable environments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary In a variable world, plants must have strategies to deal with environmental conditions as they change. Understanding these strategies is critical since climate change not only affects mean conditions but also affects variability and predictability of those conditions. Doing so requires identifying how functional and life history traits interact throughout the life cycle to drive responses, as well as exploring how past variability will shape future responses. Here, I highlight relevant life history theory for predicting strategies in relation to the nature of environmental variability, relate theory to empirical studies integrating functional and life history traits to understand responses, and identify key areas for future research that will facilitate the application of this understanding toward predicting responses to climate change.
A method based on rotated object detection to detect defects regarding distance in strain clamps

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Strain clamps in the transmission line have a vital role. With X-ray inspection in the transmission line, X-ray images to check defects of the tensioning line clip method have already become the mainstream method. In this paper, we concentrate on the strain clamps’ steel anchor end and strand distance defects. We propose a method based on the rotated object detection model RoI Transformer with KFIoU loss to extract the diameter of the steel anchor tube as a reference to determine whether the distance is too long. We first obtain the rotated bounding boxes of the steel anchor and the strand, then calculate the distance between the steel anchor end and the strand and the diameter of the steel anchor by rotated bounding boxes, and finally determine whether there is a defect. Through the study of this essay, the defect detection of strain clamps realizes with high accuracy which has an essential reference for the quality inspection of tension clamp crimping in engineering applications.
Reply to ‘The uric acid value of 4.8 mg/dl may not be an ideal prognostic threshold for cardiovascular disease mortality’

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have read with interest the letter by Dr Wang [1] \ncommenting on our article ‘The association of \nuric acid with mortality modifies at old age: data \nfrom the uric acid right for heart health (URRAH) study’ [2]. \nWe have appreciated the author’s discussion, that \nreflects the current controversy over the prognostic role \nof serum uric acid (SUA) and confirms a growing interest in \nthis topic. In addition, the author’s comments allow us to \nprovide clarification on some details of our analysis.
Photocuring by Infrared Irradiation Using Upconversion Emission

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Infrared-to-visible upconversion emission was used for photocuring of a pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETA) by infrared laser irradiation to achieve local polymerization on an upconversion phosphor. Submillimeter-sized, cone-shaped and solid poly (PETA) was successfully formed on a Y2O3 compact doped with 5 mol% Er under 985 nm diode laser irradiation with about 900 mW power. By changing the irradiation time, it was found that the formation of the cone starts in seconds and takes minutes to form a millimeter-sized cone. The correlation between the irradiation time and the cone volume was linear in the seconds-to-minutes time region with 800-900 mW irradiation powers.
Coping Strategies Adopted By First Year Medical Students and Their Academic Outcomes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Medical students tend to experience greater overall psychological distress when compared to the levels of distress observed in the general population. A careful analysis of the coping behaviors and their associations with personality factors etc., in the light of their biological basis, may offer important clues for successful interventions in order to yield fruitful academic outcomes. The fundamental aim was to evaluate the associations between the choice of coping strategies and the Big Five Personality traits among academic high- and low-achievers, and average students who have recently been exposed to the medical curriculum. The other three aims were to evaluate the relationship between the employment of coping strategies and psych morbidity among the above group; to explore the gender-based differences among the above student category; to assess the variations in the associations of adaptive/maladaptive coping with relationship to personality and other factors in the light of higher biological control mechanisms. The voluntary participants of the study include one hundred and forty-two first year medical students (68 males, 74 females) from a private University in Puducherry state, South India. The self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scales were found out. The personality traits were elucidated using the NEO-FFI (NEO Five Factor Inventory), which was administered to all the participants. Those with T-scores above 50 were classified as having elevation in the concerned personality trait. After evaluating the scores of the various personality traits. The average marks secured by the students in four consecutive academic examinations was entered. Correlations between the coping strategies and the above mentioned factors among low- achievers revealed a) a small negative association between TOC and Neuroticism (p<0.05); b) a small positive correlation between EOC and anxiety scores (p<0.05); c) a negative association between TOC and anxiety and depression (p<0.05); and d) a negative association between AOC-SD and depression scores (p<0.05) were noted. . Studies concerning the link between coping strategies, personality and psychopathology may help in identifying certain risk and resilience factors that could influence the impact of stressful academic training for individual students.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 2405 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation", "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters 1000.0-1000000.0", "Country is one of (United States of America, Canada, Mexico)", "Geometry POLYGON((-109.47848 13.25926,-88.69369 13.25926,-52.85786 56.26226,-96.21922 61.27928,-129.54655 57.6957,-109.47848 13.25926))", "TaxonKey is Cornus florida L." ] } The dataset includes 2405 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008458-241107131044228/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
BECCS capability of dedicated bioenergy crops under a future land‐use scenario targeting net negative carbon emissions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage ( BECCS ) is a key component of mitigation strategies in future socioeconomic scenarios that aim to keep mean global temperature rise below 2°C above preindustrial, which would require net negative carbon emissions in the end of the 21st century. Because of the additional need for land, developing sustainable low‐carbon scenarios requires careful consideration of the land‐use implications of deploying large scale BECCS . We evaluated the feasibility of the large‐scale BECCS in RCP2 .6, which is a scenario with net negative emissions aiming to keep the 2°C temperature target, with a top‐down analysis of required yields and a bottom‐up evaluation of BECCS potential using a process‐based global crop model. Land‐use change carbon emissions related to the land expansion were examined using a global terrestrial biogeochemical cycle model. Our analysis reveals that first‐generation bioenergy crops would not meet the required BECCS of the RCP2 .6 scenario even with a high‐fertilizer and irrigation application. Using second‐generation bioenergy crops can marginally fulfill the required BECCS only if a technology of full postprocess combustion CO 2 capture is deployed with a high‐fertilizer application in the crop production. If such an assumed technological improvement does not occur in the future, more than doubling the area for bioenergy production for BECCS around 2050 assumed in RCP2 .6 would be required; however, such scenarios implicitly induce large‐scale land‐use changes that would cancel half of the assumed CO 2 sequestration by BECCS . Otherwise, a conflict of land use with food production is inevitable.
Using a Monoclonal Antibody to Identify Patients with Type I and Type II von Willebrand’s Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Three monoclonal antibodies produced against vWF:Ag by conventional hybridoma technique did not inhibit factor VIII coagulant activity (F.VIII:C) but did inhibit VIII ristocetin cofactor activity. The antibodies were used in an indirect competitive ELISA for quantifying von Willebrand’s antigen (vWF: Ag) and compared with values obtained by the Laurell technique using commercial antibody by means of a ratio: ELISA/Laurell. For one monoclonal BD2-CC9, vWF:Ag values obtained in the two assays were in good agreement for normal and hemophilia A plasmas (normal, n = 19, ratio = 1.13 ± .17, hemophilia A, n = 10, ratio = 0.91 ± .15). However, type II vWD patients had a disproportionately low value of vWF: Ag with the ELISA. Use of the ratio normalized the difference among individual plasma values and allowed a significant separation of type II vWD plasma (n = 9, ratio = 0.46 ± .19) from normal plasma (p = .0001) and type I vWD plasma (n = 8, ratio = 1.52 ± .34) from type II vWD plasma (p = .0003) using BD2-CC9. Although the sample size was small, the greater degree of discrimination among the vWD plasmas tested with BD2-CC9 (compared with the other two antibodies [CA3-AE4, CC6-BG10]) suggests that this antibody may recognize conformational epitopes that reflect the degree of multimeric polymerization of the vWF molecule rather than simply recognize a decreased number of antigenic sites in a basic subunit. BD2-CC9 may be valuable in investigating the various types of vWD and/or the process of polymerization of this complex protein.
Perception of health professionals about the prevention of the AIDS epidemic in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (1986-2006)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Socio-historical research whose aim was to know the perception of health professionals about AIDS epidemic prevention from 1986 to 2006. They worked in a reference hospital for infectious and contagious diseases. The data was collected from March to October 2011, using the oral story technique, and the subjects were twenty-three health professionals who looked after people suffering from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome during the above mentioned period. The content analysis described by Bardin was used and two categories came up: the need for preventive strategies and the lack of using condoms. The results showed that the health professionals' perception about AIDS prevention was bad due to: the media fragility, the health professionals' actions regarding preventive strategies and the trivialization of the preventive measures by the society, by not using condoms in sexual intercourse. We concluded that ignoring the disease led to slowing down the process of clarifying and preventing HIV/AIDS.
A Study on the in vitro Digestibility of Hydroxypropyl Starches by Pancreatin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A study was made of the digestibility of hydroxypropyl starches by a relatively large amount of pancreatin. The digestibility was estimated from the reduction of an alkaline ferricyanide solution by the digests. It was found that the digestibility decreased exponentially with increasing degree of substitution.
Promoting medication compliance in clients with chronic mental illness

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

In assisting with the delivery of mental health services for clients with chronic illness, nurses' specific professional skills play an important role. Nurses are working with clients who have chronic mental illness and their families in large numbers in the hospital and the community. Psychoeducational programs serve the goal of rehabilitation by promoting healthy behavior and preventing further illness. The current widespread involvement by nurses in helping clients with chronic mental illness comply with medication regimens indicates the extent of the need for this type of intervention. An active relationship between nurse and client improves compliance. The relationship involves teaching clients and family members about mental illness, medication regimens, and methods for coping with day-to-day living and crises that arise. Responsibility for medication education invites nurses to become more involved in other aspects of client and family preparation for living with chronic mental illness. Nurses provide programs about medications and their effects, social and living skills, and family education for clients with chronic mental illness.
Genre and Convention

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In common with other academic disciplines which endeavour to extend the frontiers of knowledge to bring greater understanding, children's literature is a dynamic, questioning, and self-reflexive field of study. Much deliberation, debate, wordage, and intellectual soul-searching has gone into defining, interrogating, and establishing children's literature as an academic discipline, and the process continues. As discussed by colleagues in this book, the establishment of children's literature as an academic discipline has not been an easy task. However, the very fact that a text such as this exists is evidence of the success, security, and dynamism of the field. Two areas central to this discussion of genre and convention underpin the establishment of children's literature as an academic field of study, namely, questions pertaining to the canon and the notion of a classic children's book. Such parameters lead to the consideration of genre and convention in children's literature. From a pragmatic viewpoint one could rephrase these discussions as questions asked by someone formulating a programme in children's literature: "Which books should I choose?" and having selected them, "What should I teach?" and furthermore, "Why?" Reduction to the pragmatic can oversimplify matters somewhat, since those "innocent" questions mask a host of cultural, social, and political complexities.
They All Played Ragtime

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

...Negro music, to be sure, has never been without white champions, although these have been isolated figures. Some have been conscious, in every generation since the Negro first came to America, that the race was producing a unique music here. It is interesting to note that, outside of these supporters, white listeners allowed this music to speak more directly to their hearts when the Negro was enslaved than in the years of Negro progress since Emancipation. Yet from Thomas Jefferson to Louis Moreau Gottschalk, Lucy McKim Garrison, Charles Pickard Ware, and William Francis Allen, and from John Mason Brown (a writer of the Civil War period, not the present-day author) to George W. Cable, Lafcadio Hearn, H E. Krehbiel, Rupert Hughes, and right down to the present, some in each generation have rediscovered as a vital new experience the age-old fascination and profound feeling of Negro music. ....