jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Roles of PLCβ, PIP2, and GIRK channels in arginine vasopressin‐elicited excitation of CA1 pyramidal neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a hormone exerting vasoconstrictive and antidiuretic action in the periphery and serves as a neuromodulator in the brain. Although the hippocampus receives vasopressinergic innervation and AVP has been shown to facilitate the excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons, the involved ionic and signaling mechanisms have not been determined. Here we found that AVP excited CA1 pyramidal neurons by activation of V 1a receptors. Functions of G proteins and phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) were required for AVP‐elicited excitation of CA1 pyramidal neurons, whereas intracellular Ca 2+ release and protein kinase C were unnecessary. PLCβ‐mediated depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) was required for AVP‐elicited excitation of CA1 pyramidal neurons. AVP augmented the input resistance and increased the time constants of CA1 pyramidal neurons. AVP induced an inward current in K + ‐containing intracellular solution, whereas no inward currents were observed with Cs + ‐containing intracellular solution. AVP‐sensitive currents showed inward rectification with a reversal potential close to the K + reversal potential, suggesting the involvement of inwardly rectifying K + channels. AVP‐induced currents were sensitive to the micromolar concentration of Ba 2+ and tertiapin‐Q, whereas application of ML 133, a selective Kir2 channel blocker had no effects, suggesting that AVP excited CA1 pyramidal neurons by depressing G protein‐gated inwardly rectifying K + channels. Activation of V 1a receptors in the CA1 region facilitated glutamatergic transmission onto subicular pyramidal neurons, suggesting that AVP modulates network activity in the brain. Our results may provide one of the cellular and molecular mechanisms to explain the in vivo physiological functions of AVP.
Absolute high-accuracy deflectometric measurement of topography

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The absolute measurement of the surface figure of large, slightly curved specimens with nanometer accuracy is a demanding task and has not yet been satisfactorily solved. Deflectometric methods offer the possibility of measuring specimens of arbitrary large size and arbitrary figure without a reference surface being required. Here the slope is measured and from this the topography is obtained by integration. The method needs a calibrated (multi-) angle measuring tool (e.g. a commercial autocollimator) and well-defined lateral positioning. Recently, two systems have been described that eliminate the influences of scanning guide and other errors by the use of angle differences only (Extended Shear Angle Difference - ESAD). With the first one of these systems, sub-nm uncertainty has already been achieved for optical flats 150 mm in diameter. In this paper we present recent experimental results obtained with the second system and scan lengths up to 88 cm. The contribution of experimental uncertainties to the uncertainty of topography will be discussed. The behavior of ESAD systems with respect to their spatial frequency response will be discussed. It is shown that the uncertainty of the parabolic part (i.e. curvature) of the figure in particular has to be treated separately and dominates the topography. Applications might reach from wafer inspection to straightness stamdards to flat glass production to free-form synchrotron mirror correction.
Crisis and opportunity in teacher preparation in the pandemic: exploring the “adjacent possible”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper draws on Kauffman's theory of the “adjacent possible” to make sense of the practices which have emerged in response to school and university closures in Hong Kong and reflects on what opportunities exist in this current global crisis. Design/methodology/approach This paper drew on qualitative data from two emergent practices – the e-practicum and co-teaching on an online platform – in a teacher preparation program at the University of Hong Kong. The data set included online teaching resources produced by student teachers (STs), reflections from STs, feedback from mentors and university tutors, interactions on an online platform and interviews with co-teaching team members. Findings The authors found “emergent practices” were developed in response to the pandemic by pushing the boundaries of existing practices and exploring the opportunities hovering at the edges of the possible. These practices were still evolving, but they contained elements that can morph into innovative practices in teacher preparation. Originality/value This paper provides a perspective on where opportunity in a crisis can be found and what innovation means in an educational context.
Guatemala (Modern & National Period)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Guatemala is stunningly beautiful and rich in geographic and cultural diversity. The country also has had a long history of oppression, ethnic discrimination, and violence, resistance, and rebellion. Historical legacies loom large and continue to shape lives and possibilities, but Guatemalans share in a culture of resilience and a remarkable ability to find joy in the present. The early republic took shape amid Latin America’s familiar struggles between liberal and conservative ideologies. After two years as part of Mexico (1821–1823) and then as the capital of an unstable, Liberal-led Central American federation, an independent Guatemala emerged under Conservative-backed Rafael Carrera, who dominated the nation for a quarter-century beginning in 1840. Liberals prospered with the growth of coffee after 1860, gaining national power in 1871. So-called Liberal dictatorships during the next seven decades (except for an important reformist interruption in the 1920s) solidified Guatemala’s agro-export model and opened the door to the Boston-based United Fruit Company, which created a powerful banana enclave. Between coffee and fruit, peasants and workers suffered land loss and labor coercion in the highlands where most of the country’s Maya majority lived and in lowland plantations where workers (Mayas and “Ladinos,” as non-Mayas are known) produced fruit, sugar, and cotton under onerous conditions. In 1944, reformists overthrew dictator Jorge Ubico, opening the way to Guatemala’s first democratic governments. The Arévalo and Árbenz presidencies brought changes in labor laws, voting rights, education, and, in 1952, land tenure. The agrarian reform law encouraged the distribution of fallow portions of the nation’s largest landholdings. The mobilization that the law spurred and fierce backlash it provoked prompted Árbenz’s ouster in 1954 in a coup orchestrated by the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), intervening in the name of anti-Communism. US-backed military dictatorships followed almost uninterrupted for the next thirty years, and a guerrilla oppositional insurgency began in 1960. The thirty-six-year war resulted in about 200,000 people killed, an estimated 83 percent of them Maya civilians. A truth commission found state forces to be responsible for 93 percent of killings, including genocidal army massacres of entire communities. The government and guerrilla forces signed an agreement in 1996 bringing an end to the war. The postwar era has been fraught and unsettled, with underlying causes of conflict unresolved; however, much has changed. A new “multiculturalism” is the norm, with at least lip service paid to the rights of Guatemalan Mayas, and a vocal civil society works openly and vigorously to insist on a government accountable to its citizens.
Selected examples of the integration of the PP into national and international law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Switzerland: Section 74, Paragraph 2 of the Federal Constitution: In principle, all the formulations of the concept of precaution in environmental protection are based on the notion that indeterminable risks are to be avoided. Section 1, Paragraph 2 of the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) [Umweltschutzgesetz, USG]: "Precaution as defined implies that any effects likely to be harmful or noxious are to be limited early on." This formulation comprises the obligation to limit effects below the threshold of harmfulness and the obligation to limit effects for which no threshold of harmfulness can be ascertained by scientific means. Section 148a of the Agricultural Act [Landwirtschaftsgesetz]: revised as part of the 2007 Agricultural Policy, it defines the precautionary principle in accord with those of the EU (WHO, 2003[1]).
298 CHALCONE SYNTHASE AND UDPG GLUCOSYL-TRANSFERASE REGULATE ANTHOCYANIN SYNTHESIS IN APPLE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Delicious apples were harvested and analyzed every 7 days from the start of fruit coloration to commercial harvest. Chalcone synthase (CS) activity increased from 521 to 4120 fkat/g protein during 30 days, while UDPG glucosyltransferase (UDPGTF) activity increased from 0 to 6570 fkat/g protein. These changes significantly correlated with anthocyanin synthesis in fruit skin. Ethephon enhanced activities of both enzymes for 25 days after application, but not beyond. Cycloheximide inhibited CS and UDPGTF activities by 57% and 72%, respectively, and this could not be overcome by ethephon treatment. Bagging prevented fruit from coloring, and removing bags before maturation promoted it. Activity of both enzymes was nil in bagged fruit, and increased dramatically after bag removal. Cycloheximide applied at bag removal reduced CS and UDPGTF activities 74% and 91%, respectively, and decreased anthocyanin synthesis by 82%. The results showed that both CS and UDPGTF were positively correlated with anthocyanin formation and both required de novo synthesis during fruit coloring, although CS had existed before that.
Gangliosides and growth factor receptor regulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Conference Article| August 01 1999 Gangliosides and growth factor receptor regulation A. A. Rampersaud; A. A. Rampersaud 1 *Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A. 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Present address: 4162 Graves Hall, 333 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. L. Oblinger; J. L. Oblinger *Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. K. Ponnappan; R. K. Ponnappan *Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. W. Burry; R. W. Burry †Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. J. Yates A. J. Yates *Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1999) 27 (4): 415–422. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0270415 Article history Received: March 05 1999 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation A. A. Rampersaud, J. L. Oblinger, R. K. Ponnappan, R. W. Burry, A. J. Yates; Gangliosides and growth factor receptor regulation. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1999; 27 (4): 415–422. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0270415 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: (EGF)R, epidermal growth factor (receptor), NGF, nerve growth factor, PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor, PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Ganglioside nomenclature is that of Svennerholm [1] This content is only available as a PDF. © 1999 Biochemical Society1999 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Additional file 1: of Taxonomic features and comparisons of the gut microbiome from two edible fungus-farming termites (Macrotermes falciger; M. natalensis) harvested in the Vhembe district of Limpopo, South Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Table S1. Sample metadata. All sample metadata information of this study data and external data used can be found here. (XLSX 30 kb)
A study of emotional receptivity, information processing style and expectations.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This research seeks to better understand the underlying information processing style a customer engages in when evaluating service employees who display varying levels of emotional expressiveness. This is an extension of research conducted by Lee and Lim (2010), with our focus on the fit conditions of emotional receptivity (consumer) and emotional expressiveness (service employee). Emotional receptivity refers to an individual’s disposition toward experiencing a preferred level of emotional intensity. Fit conditions happen where there is a close match between a consumer’s emotional receptivity and the level of emotional intensity displayed by a service employee. In addition to reaffirming Lee and Lim’s research and understanding information processing styles, we shall investigate the effect of an emotional-fit condition on the zone of tolerance. Four sessions of experiments were conducted with 154 Nanyang Business School undergraduates as subjects. The results generally reaffirm Lee and Lim’s research that fit conditions lead to the subject adopting a more favourable attitude towards the service employee, and also suggest that the subject will tend to use greater affect-based processing in comparison to mismatch conditions. Moreover, the results generally show that less emotionally receptive subjects inherently use less affect-based processing regardless of the expressiveness levels exposed to. In addition, under fit conditions, subjects exhibit a narrower zone of tolerance in comparison to subjects in mismatch conditions. Based on the results obtained, theoretical and managerial implications are discussed, and suggestions for future research offered.
Stallion Behavior and Endocrinology: What Do We Really Know?

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Housing arrangements and social environment need to be considered as a primary therapeutic approachfor stallions with chronically low libido and associated low testosterone concentrations.Testosteroneconcentrations and sexual and aggressive behavior of stallions clearly increase with sexual activity andexposure to mares.Author’s address:New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine. Universityof Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Rd., Kennett Square, PA 19348-1692.
[PDF EPUB] Download Grave Danger by Alice James Full Book

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Grave Danger by Alice James Download Book ➡ Link Read Book Online ➡ Link Grave Danger Alice James Page: 298 Format: pdf, ePub, mobi, fb2 ISBN: 9781786188403 Publisher: Solaris Download books for ipod Grave Danger by Alice James PDF Grave Danger by Alice James EPUB Download Plot, ratings, reviews. Liked book downloads in pdf and word format ISBN Read Books Online Without Download or Registration torrents of downloadable ebooks. Downloading from the publisher EPUB Grave Danger By Alice James PDF Download. Formats Available : PDF, ePub, Mobi, doc Total Reads - Total Downloads - File Size PDF The Crooked Staircase, Jane Today I'm sharing to you PDF Grave Danger by Alice James EPUB Download and this ebook is ready for read and download. Kindle, iPhone, Android, Symbian, iPad FB2, PDF, Mobi, TXT. Uploaded fiction and nonfiction PDF Grave Danger by Alice James EPUB Download. Share the link to download ebook Grave Danger EPUB PDF Download Read Alice James Kindle edition free. EPUB Grave Danger By Alice James PDF Download Plot, ratings, reviews. Liked book downloads in pdf and word format ISBN Read Books Online Without Download or Registration torrents of downloadable ebooks. Kindle, iPhone, Android, DOC, iPad FB2, PDF, Mobi, TXT. Hawk 3 By Dean Koontz EPUB Download. Get it in epub, pdf , azw, mob, doc format. PDF Grave Danger by Alice James EPUB Download Kindle, PC, mobile phones or tablets. Format PDF | EPUB | MOBI ZIP RAR files. Novels - upcoming EPUB Grave Danger By Alice James PDF Download. Rate this book Grave Danger EPUB PDF Download Read Alice James novels, fiction, non-fiction. Novels - upcoming PDF Grave Danger by Alice James EPUB Download. Kindle, iPhone, Android, DOC, iPad FB2, PDF, Mobi, TXT.
Alternative splicing of the human proto-oncogene c-H-ras renders a new Ras family protein that trafficks to cytoplasm and nucleus.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We characterized a novel protein of the Ras family, p19 (H-RasIDX). The c-H-ras proto-oncogene undergoes alternative splicing of the exon termed IDX. We show that the alternative p19 mRNA is stable and as abundant as p21 (p21 H-Ras4A) mRNA in all of the human tissues and cell lines tested. IDX is spliced into stable mRNA in different mammalian species, which present a high degree of nucleotide conservation. Both the endogenous and the transiently expressed p19 protein are detected in COS-1 and HeLa cells and show nuclear diffuse and speckled patterns as well as cytoplasmic localization. In yeast two-hybrid assays, p19 did not interact with two known p21 effectors, Raf1 and Rin1, but was shown to interact with RACK1, a scaffolding protein that promotes multiprotein complexes in different signaling pathways. This observation suggests that p19 and p21 play differential and complementary roles in the cell.
DESCQA: An Automated Validation Framework for Synthetic Sky Catalogs

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The use of high-quality simulated sky catalogs is essential for the success of cosmological surveys. The catalogs have diverse applications, such as investigating signatures of fundamental physics in cosmological observables, understanding the effect of systematic uncertainties on measured signals and testing mitigation strategies for reducing these uncertainties, aiding analysis pipeline development and testing, and survey strategy optimization. The list of applications is growing with improvements in the quality of the catalogs and the details that they can provide. Given the importance of simulated catalogs, it is critical to provide rigorous validation protocols that enable both catalog providers and users to assess the quality of the catalogs in a straightforward and comprehensive way. For this purpose, we have developed the DESCQA framework for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Dark Energy Science Collaboration as well as for the broader community. The goal of DESCQA is to enable the inspection, validation, and comparison of an inhomogeneous set of synthetic catalogs via the provision of a common interface within an automated framework. In this paper, we present the design concept and first implementation of DESCQA. In order to establish and demonstrate its full functionality we use a set of interim catalogs and validation tests. We highlight several important aspects, both technical and scientific, that require thoughtful consideration when designing a validation framework, including validation metrics and how these metrics impose requirements on the synthetic sky catalogs.
Global Value Chains and Unequal Exchange: Market Power and Monopoly Power

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We revisit the hypotheses of unequal exchange and deteriorating terms of trade in the specific context of import-intensive, export- led strategies of developing countries which rely on integration into GVCs for access to markets in developed countries using a stylized two-country two-commodity Classical- Marxian trade model. Two sources of asymmetry can be distinguished: market power arising from the competition between suppliers that depresses the prices at which the final good is supplied; and monopoly power arising from the lead firms control and ownership of intangible assets including brand and design. The model explores some implications of these two sources of asymmetry.
Use of Protein Synthesis In Vitro to Study Codon Recognition by Escherichia coli tRNA Leu Isoaccepting Species

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the past, studies of codon recognition by tRNA isoaccepting species have employed the techniques of ribosome binding (Nirenberg et al. 1967), protein synthesis in vitro directed by synthetic polyribonucleotides (Khorana et al. 1967), and direct nucleotide interactions between tRNAs containing complementary anticodons (Grosjean et al. 1976). The availability of completely sequenced, natural mRNAs has facilitated the study of codon recognition in vitro under conditions that more closely resemble the situation in vivo than were previously possible. One can now compare the relative efficiencies of different acylated tRNA isoaccepting species to transfer their amino acids into isolated peptides of known sequence that contain residues encoded by known codons. The efficiency of codon recognition is thus deduced from a functional test involving synthesis of a bona fide natural polypeptide chain directed by a natural mRNA. The validity of this approach depends upon the presumptions that the amino acid isolated in a single peptide is in fact transferred only from the individual aminoacylated tRNA isoaccepting species added to the reaction and that no exchange of amino acid occurs between different isoaccepting species present in the extract. This constraint has been satisfied by two different approaches. The first is the use of extracts of Escherichia coli mutants that are temperature-sensitive in one of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes (Mitra et al. 1977). These extracts are dependent on added aminoacylated tRNA for protein synthesis to occur, and no exchange of the homologous amino acid should be possible. The second approach is the addition of a...