jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A grand gesture: vocal and corporeal control in melody, rhythm, and emotion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Fitch’s paper represents a timely enquiry into the rhythmic dimension of music origins, an aspect which has to date received far less attention than the tonal elements of musical behaviours. In particular, investigations into the relationships between musical and linguistic capabilities have often focused most on those elements which share the trait of vocal production — meaning, in the case of music, the production and perception of pitch and contour, and the structures within them. The research cited by Fitch in this paper and his own related ideas represent welcome additions to such investigations. It is increasingly evident that the rhythmic, gestural, expressive, and tonal production and perception systems are intimately related and interdependent, and any future considerations of music origins that do not consider all of these dimensions as integral to the emergence of the capacity will be incomplete. There is far more of importance in Fitch’s paper than it is possible to comment on here, so I must be selective and draw out just a few aspects to which I can immediately respond and which, in my opinion, raise particular queries for further elaboration. I then will respond in detail to one key point of interest raised in Fitch’s paper — the relationship(s) between rhythm, melody, and corporeal motor control. Fitch’s division of ‘rhythmic capability’ into three components and discussion of the evidence for their presence in other higher primates is important, and the suggestion that it is the capacity for entrainment that is particular to humans is very interesting, and points to a key direction for future research. Fitch makes a distinction between beat entrainment (e.g. tapping one’s foot to a beat) and pattern generation ( complex motor output such as dancing or instrumental playing), with pattern generation relying on complex cross-modal integration, with information from the auditory cortex having to be successfully propagated to the motor cortex. Whilst there is clearly a distinction in complexity, surely this is a quantitative rather than qualitative difference between ‘beat entrainment’ and ‘pattern generation’, i.e. a difference in the number of different modes over which the entrainment is occurring? When it comes to the separation of entrainment into two component activities, a ‘synchronization component’ and a ‘pattern output component’, it would seem to be worth also exploring the extent to which these components would need to have a twoway relationship. In other words the motor output must surely provide proprioceptive
Parent knowledge of the definition of FAPE in light of the Endrew vs. Douglas County School Board decision

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 2017, the Supreme Court of the United States redefined Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) for students with disabilities (SWD) in Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District. The Court’s new standard for FAPE was more demanding than previous rulings. Parents of SWD are expected to participate in the special education program process and a more robust Individualized Education Program (IEP) should be implemented to ensure sufficient student progress. However, it is unknown how much parents know about the Endrew F. Case and what, if any, impact the case had on IEP meetings since the ruling. To determine knowledge and impact of the case, a national survey was distributed through social media and listservs to parents of SWD. Over 100 participants from across the United States (U.S.) responded to the anonymous survey. Demographic data analysis indicated most participants were highly educated, wealthy, white women. Using an exploratory mixed methods approach, the results of the research suggested most parents, specifically upper-class women, have little knowledge about Endrew F., and have not seen changes in their child’s IEP. Respondents indicated a desire for more information about Endrew F., FAPE, and negotiating for their child. Implications for parents of SWD, advocacy organizations, and schools are discussed along with implications of the unique demographics of the participants.
Does Mathematics have Crisis?——View on Putnam's Philosophy of Mathematics

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

By criticizing the belief of many philosophers that mathematics have crisis in its foundations,Putnam deeply analyzed the causes of the crisis in the foundations.Further more,he clarified the significance of the undecidability and the antinomies with his conclusion that mathematics does not have crisis.His special view gives us a hint in answering the question of the mathematics foundations.
Understanding the Stakes: The Influence of Accountability Policy Options on Teachers’ Responses

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Under test-based accountability, side-effects —including practices to inflate test results, often seen as cheating—are usually associated to so-called high-stakes policies. However, the influence of different types of stakes in the generation of this type of practices has been overlooked in education research. Based on a survey experiment, our results indicate that the type and level of stakes of accountability systems (e.g., high- vs. low-stakes, material vs. symbolic) do not differ in triggering side-effects. Counterintuitively, individual symbolic consequences trigger similar reactions among teachers than material incentives. In-depth interviews give insights into the social mechanisms that lead to symbolic effects having such an influence in understanding teachers’ reactivity to accountability.
Increased in vitro tumour necrosis factor-alpha production in iron deficiency anemia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In vitro monocyte-derived tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) production was assessed in iron deficient with anemia (IDA), iron deficient without anemia (ID) and control infants. The concentrations of released and cell-associated cytokines were measured before and after 3 months of iron supplementation in all groups (ferrous sulphate drops: 3 mg/Kg/day). No difference in released and cell-associated IL-1 beta was observed between either groups of infants. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated blood mononuclear cells from IDA (n = 9) infants produced a significantly higher immunoreactive TNF-alpha concentration as compared to ID (n = 9) and normal subjects (n = 18) on admission (F = 6.72; p < 0.004). After iron therapy, the LPS stimulated TNF-alpha secretion by cells of IDA infants returned to the levels observed in the other groups. Since TNF-alpha plays a key role in iron metabolism, we speculate that increased TNF production in IDA infants could exacerbate the inhibition of erythroid proliferation present in these conditions. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of more severe anemia as well as to clarify the biological effect of increased TNF-alpha production in iron deficiency anemia and its consequences.
The Motherhood penalty

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The aim of this thesis is to unveil what constitutes the Motherhood Wage Penalty, a phenomenon that according to recent research makes up a majority of the gender wage gap we observe on the labor market. More specifically, the ambition is to try to explain how motherhood affects working women and if it is possible to rule out other possible explanations for the gender pay gap, such as education and hours worked, other than motherhood itself - which would indicate that there are elements of the gender wage gap that are structural and discriminatory. The research is carried out through regression analysis with data from the United States in 2016.
Dynamic Voltage Restorer Based on Integrated Energy Optimal Compensation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an advanced dynamic voltage restorer with integrated energy optimal compensation (EOC-DVR), which combines the advantages of pre-sag compensation and energy minimization compensation. The performance parameters of the EOC-DVR, such as the compensatory capability, loss of energy, and duration of compensation, can be balanced by this optimal compensation strategy. Additionally, the impact on the load is further reduced by the proposed method. By analyzing the working process of optimal comprehensive energy, the compensation limit of the strategy is discussed. After that, both the voltage and active power of the system for compensating are obtained by analyzing the compensation characteristics of the strategy. Therefore, the relations of the formula and curve between the related physical quantities can be obtained. Finally, simulation results based on MATLAB/Simulink are provided to verify the effectiveness of proposed compensation method.
Small-Bowel Neoplasms: Role of MRI Enteroclysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Small-bowel neoplasms are the 3%–6% of all gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. Due to the rarity of these lesions, the low index of clinical suspicion, and the inadequate radiologic examinations or incorrect interpretation of radiologic findings, a delay in diagnosis of 6–8 months from the first symptoms often occurs. Even if conventional enteroclysis and capsule endoscopy are the most common procedures used to accurately depict the bowel lumen and mucosal surface, their use in evaluating the mural and extramural extents of small-bowel tumors is limited. Instead multidetector computed tomographic enteroclysis and magnetic resonance enteroclysis have the potential to simultaneously depict intraluminal, mural, and extraintestinal abnormalities. In particular MR enteroclysis has an excellent soft tissue contrast resolution and multiplanar imaging capability. It can provide anatomic, functional, and real time information without the need of ionizing radiation. MR findings, appearances of the lesions, combined with the contrast-enhancement behavior and characteristic of the stenosis are important to differentiate small-bowel neoplasm from other nonneoplastic diseases.
Advances in the Homogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogen Production from Biomass Derived Feedstocks: A Review

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Biomass–derived feedstocks for hydrogen production are crucial as an alternative to fossil fuel especially in those areas where green electricity and clean water are scarce. In this framework the transformation of simple (formic acid, alcohols) and more complex (polyalcohols, sugars and cellulose) bio–derivatives in pure hydrogen is recognized as a promising approach. Parallel to great effort in heterogeneous catalysis, milder molecular systems represent a more selective eye for alternative solutions and mechanistic insights. In the present review the introduction summarizes the challenges in the catalytic utilization of biomass–derived feedstocks, followed by the advances in homogeneously catalyzed hydrogen production from different substrates which will cover formic acid, with oustanding efficiency with noble metals and promising results with earth abundant ones and alcohols and polyalcohols, with particular emphasis to the development of heterogenized systems, ligand assisted catalysts and bi‐catalytic synergistic solutions which allow to avoid base and to promote catalyst stability and recyclability. In the last part, description of hydrogen production from more complex substrates, such as sugars and cellulose, will show the role of molecular complexes in main and side reactions. Critical comments on the reported advances are provided along the whole discussion.
[PTPL1, a proapoptotic protein tyrosine phosphatase in breast cancers].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The protein tyrosine phosphatase L1 (PTPL1), also known as FAP1, has two major types of remarkable structural domains, in addition to its catalytic unit: a FERM domain which is responsible for its localization at the apical pole of the cell plasma membrane and 5 PDZ domains suggestive of numerous possibilities of protein partners and consequently of a role as a cargo protein or an integrator between different signalling pathways. In fact, though it was initially suggested, in 1995, that this enzyme acts as an inhibitor of Fas death receptor several recent studies indicate that PTPL1 plays many other roles. It dephosphorylates Ephrin B (ligand of Eph, a receptor triggering angiogenesis and axonal guidance), it interacts with numerous proteins associated to cytoskeleton plasticity and it is implicated in cytokinesis. We have demonstrated that its expression is regulated by antiestrogens in mammary cancer and shown, with stable antisense transfectants, that PTPL1 plays a key role in the mediation of the inhibitory effects of these antagonists on growth factor signalling by impeding the IRS-I/PI3-K/Akt survival pathway. Altogether PTPL1 has to be regarded as a unique marker of mammary tumor response to antiestrogens and a potential therapeutic target to activate apoptotic stimuli in tumor cells.
Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We discuss the presence of anti-keratin antibodies (AKA) of the IgG class in patients with defined juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).An indirect immunofluorescence test and rat oesophagus substrate was used for the detection and quantification of AKA antibodies in patients´ sera.Overall 33/60 patients with JIA had sera positive for AKA (55 %, P = 0,0001) ranging from 1:10 to 1:160 dilutions.Following idiopathic arthritis of childhood classification criteria AKA occurred in 2/7 patients with systemic disease (28,6 %), in 13/30 patients with RF negative polyarthritis (43,3 %, P = 0,008) and in 15/18 RF positive polyarthritis (83,3 %, P = 0,000002).AKA were also found in a small cohort of patients with oligoarthritis (1/3) and psoriatic arthritis (2/2).AKA positivity occurred in 3/26 healthy controls at a 1:20 dilution.The presence of AKA was correlated as well as with the severity of the disease.Our study revealed that AKA was present overall in 18/29 patients (62%) with severe JIA and in 12/26 patients (46,2 %) with non-severe disease, however this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0,18).We also observed that AKA remained positive regardless of disease activity.AKA were detectable in 55,6 % patients with active JIA and in 48,6 % patients in the complete or near remission.
Five Novel Highly Oxygenated Diterpenes of <i>Orthosiphon </i><i>s</i><i>tamineus </i>from\nMyanmar

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Five novel highly oxygenated diterpenes, orthosiphols K (<b>1</b>), L (<b>2</b>), M (<b>3</b>), and N (<b>4</b>) and norstaminone A\n(<b>5</b>), were isolated from the aerial part of <i>Orthosiphon stamineus</i>, together with three known diterpenes,\northosiphols A (<b>6</b>) and B (<b>7</b>) and neoorthosiphol A (<b>8</b>). Orthosiphol L (<b>2</b>) is an isopimarane-type diterpene\nwith a hydroxyl group at C-12, which supports the biogenesis of staminane-type diterpenes, i.e., migration\nof a vinylic group from C-13 of isopimarane to C-12. Norstaminone A (<b>5</b>) has a staminane carbon framework\nand supports the biosynthetic pathway from staminols to norstaminols via staminolactones. All the isolated\ncompounds showed mild to weak antiproliferative activities toward highly liver metastatic colon 26-L5\ncarcinoma and human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell lines.
Analysis of the Effect of Borehole Size on Explosive Energy Loss in Rock Blasting

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, studies were conducted on the effect of borehole size on explosive energy loss in rock blasting. Since most industrial explosives are nonideal ones, the charge size and the confinement condition have significant impact on the detonation performance of these explosives. Analyses indicated that smaller boreholes will cause more loss of explosive energy than larger ones. This is especially true for most industrial explosives. The paper presents the analyses of energy loss for a number of different explosives with various borehole sizes. Based on these analyses recommendations and guidelines were given for borehole size determination in rock blasting operations.
[Effect of hypokinesia and lowered barometric pressure on the tolerance of animals to the action of ethyl acetate].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Experiments were carried out to study the resistance of rats to an acute effect of ethylacetate vapors at concentrations of 25 to 69 g/m-3 after their 20-day exposure to hypokinesia and 20-day exposure to altitudes of 3200 and 5000 m. The effect of ethylacetate at concentrations of 47 and 10 mg/m-3 on the rats in a chronic 90-day experiments was also investigated. After an exposure to hypokinesia and hypoxia the sensitivity of the rats to an acute effect of ethylacetate vapors increased 2- or 3-fold. The chronic inhalation of the substance by the hypokinetic animals brought about disorders in the brain microstructure and renal pathology. The poisoned animals that retained normal motor activity displayed serious pathological changes in the thyroid gland. It is concluded that changes in the reactivity of the animal and human body to chemical agents must be taken into consideration when developing standards for the space cabin atmosphere.
DataSheet1_Genomics and Prognosis Analysis of N6-Methyladenosine Regulators in Lung Adenocarcinoma.ZIP

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Objective: N<sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A) modification is involved in modulating various biological processes in human cancers. But the implication of m<sup>6</sup>A modification in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still unclear. Hence, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the expression and clinical implication of m<sup>6</sup>A regulators in LUAD.</p><p>Methods: Consensus clustering analysis of 502 LUAD samples in the TCGA dataset was presented based on the expression profiles of 20 m<sup>6</sup>A regulators using ConsensusClusterPlus package. Overall survival (OS), activation of signaling pathways and tumor immunity (immune/stromal score, tumor purity, expression of HLA and immune checkpoints, and immune cell infiltration) were compared between m<sup>6</sup>A modification patterns. The m<sup>6</sup>A-related genes between patterns were identified and prognostic m<sup>6</sup>A-related genes were imported into LASSO-cox regression analysis. The m<sup>6</sup>A risk score was developed and its prognostic implication was evaluated and externally verified in the GSE30219 and GSE72094 dataset. Furthermore, a nomogram that contained independent prognostic indicators was established, followed by external verification.</p><p>Results: Two m<sup>6</sup>A modification patterns were clustered across LUAD based on the expression similarity of the m<sup>6</sup>A regulators via consensus clustering analysis, with distinct OS, activation of signaling pathways and tumor immunity. Totally, 213 m<sup>6</sup>A-related genes that were identified by comparing two patterns were significantly related to LUAD prognosis. By LASSO method, we constructed the m<sup>6</sup>A risk score that was a reliable and independent prognostic factor for LUAD. Patients with low m<sup>6</sup>A risk score displayed a prominent survival advantage. After incorporating independent clinical features, we developed the prognostic nomogram that exhibited high predictive accuracy and the best clinical net benefit for OS.</p><p>Conclusion: Collectively, our study may provide a clinically useful tool for precise prognostic management and optimization of immunotherapeutic strategies for LUAD patients.</p>
A membership function approach for aggregate production planning problems in fuzzy environments

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper proposes a novel approach for the aggregate production planning (APP) problem with fuzzy parameters. Different from the results of previous studies, in this paper the membership function of the fuzzy minimal total cost is constructed based on Zadeh's extension principle and fuzzy solutions are provided. A pair of mathematical programs parameterised by possibility level α is formulated to calculate the lower and upper bounds of the fuzzy total cost at α. By enumerating different values of α, the membership function of the fuzzy total cost is constructed. To illustrate the validity of the proposed approach, the example studied by Lai and Hwang (1992 Lai, YJ and Hwang, CL. 1992. Fuzzy mathematical programming: methods and applications, Berlin: Springer. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) using Chanas's approach is investigated. Since the objective value is expressed by a membership function rather than by a crisp value, the proposed approach can represent APP systems more accurately, thus obtained solutions which contain more information can offer more chance to achieve the feasible disaggregate plan, and it is beneficial to the decision-maker in practical applications. The proposed approach can also be applied to APP problems with other characteristics.
Performative Autotopography as Creative Recording: Architectural Essay Films on the Imaginaries of the Uncanny Home

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research explores the concept of autotopography as an intermediate space emerging through the interplay of the self with the other and the performativity of autotopographical production. It discusses performative productions in which spatial imaginaries take on visual and auditory forms through creative processes in which self and space intertwine and transform each other. Focusing on the homely spaces, it discusses three subsequential architectural essay films within their context of making. These films are performative autotopographical practices that attempt rather uncanny narratives of the home through drawing, filming, and modelmaking both as collective and individual. We claim that the performative making of architectural essay films interweaves multiple forms of recording and many states of subjective encounter to build a spatial narrative. And, the in-between spatialities that we magnify trace the multitudes of creative and imaginative translations of monologues, dialogues, and polylogues that shapeshift into architectures, blurring the definite and established threshold of the home.
Rectal ulcers: a complication from stool management system use

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Fecal management System (FMS) is widely used across medical facilities in United States. These devices have helped in preventing problems associated with fecal incontinence. Although highly efficient, these devices can also lead to certain complications including rectal ulcer and lower Gastrointestinal (GI) bleed. Here, we report a case of a 56-year-old male being treated for pneumonia and atrial fibrillation, who had significant lower GI bleed while being on FMS for stool incontinence. A colonoscopy was performed, which showed multiple rectal ulcers with one large ulcer having a visible pulsating vessel. This case highlights a rarely reported complication of rectal ulcers and GI bleed associated with use of FMS.