jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Economic and Political Inequality in Development: The Case of Cundinamarca, Colombia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Is inequality harmful for economic growth?Is the underdevelopment of Latin America related to its unequal distribution of wealth?A recently emerging consensus claims not only that economic inequality has detrimental effects on economic growth in general, but also that differences in economic inequality across the American continent during the 19th century are responsible for the radically different economic performances of the north and south of the continent.In this paper we investigate this hypothesis using unique 19th century micro data on land ownership and political office holding in the state of Cundinamarca, Colombia.Our results shed considerable doubt on this consensus.Even though Cundinamarca is indeed more unequal than the Northern United States at the time, within Cundinamarca municipalities that were more unequal in the 19th century (as measured by the land gini) are more developed today.Instead, we argue that political rather than economic inequality might be more important in understanding long-run development paths and document that municipalities with greater political inequality, as measured by political concentration, are less developed today.We also show that during this critical period the politically powerful were able to amass greater wealth, which is consistent with one of the channels through which political inequality might affect economic allocations.Overall our findings shed doubt on the conventional wisdom and suggest that research on long-run comparative development should investigate the implications of political inequality as well as those of economic inequality.
Teacher Responsibility

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Teachers who are specialists in motoric skill-building need to think about ways in which they can help the whole child develop. This paper discusses: (1) fine and gross motor development in infancy; (2) baby cuddling for optimal motoric development; (3) cross-cultural studies and infant body holding; (4) floor freedom for babies; (5) body language of caregivers in child care; (6) early rhythmicity and teacher interactions; (7) body sensuality and motoric relaxation; (8) aggression; (9) tense days in preschools; and (10) group games as a method for promoting prosocial development. It is concluded that caregivers who use their bodies to promote security, and who plan carefully for movement activities with cognitive and prosocial goals, will have children who thrive in a truly developmental setting. (RH) * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. *
Public Debt Issuance Impact on Management Forecasting Frequency: Evidence from Regulation Fair Disclosure

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract We examine firms' strategic management disclosure policies on debt offerings and their consequences on the cost of debt, considering Regulation Fair Disclosure ( FD ). We find that firms issue more management disclosures before debt offerings and witness pronounced increases in management forecasting after Regulation FD , suggesting that Regulation FD affects their disclosure policy before debt offerings. Furthermore, firms with high information asymmetry release more management disclosures before debt offerings, and creditors reward increased public disclosures with a lower cost of debt. We believe that this study contributes to the literature on debt offerings and the impact of Regulation FD .
The interpreting system for antimicrobial susceptibility analysis with image processing

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This research was the development of interpreting system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the disc diffusion technique with automatically measures and interprets inhibition zone diameter. The interpreting system was designed to work concomitantly with the popular MLAB system. This interpreting system imported patient data and antibiotic sensitive criteria from MLAB system or was added by user as Stand-alone system. It received images from image capture instrument, showed the image on monitor, read the inhibition zone and simultaneously interpreted the susceptibility results. The susceptibility results were exported back to MLAB system for future processing as routine in clinical microbiology laboratory.

The efficiency of this interpreting system was evaluated by measuring 82 specimens from many types of bacteria. The inhibition zone of 1526 antimicrobial discs was measured and interpreted by this system and compared with manual measurement. An overall correlation coefficient of the zones diameter comparison was 0.97 (r = 0.97). Most of the diameter zone measured by interpreting system (94.2%) were different from manual measurement less than 3 mm. The results demonstrated 0.5% of false-susceptible, 0.2% of false-resistant, 99.84% of minimum accuracy and 8.98% of maximum coefficient variable (The minimum coefficient variable is 1.41%).
Chemical constituents from the bioactive fraction of the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia and proliferation activities on osteoblastic-like UMR106 cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A new flavonol named 5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7-[(1''S,2''R)-1''-hydroxy-2''-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-furano]flavonol (1), together with eight known compounds (2–9), were isolated from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. In addition, all compounds were firstly studied for their proliferation effects on osteoblastic-like UMR 106 cells. Results showed that compounds 1, 2, 5 and 8 possessed significant promoting effects on cell proliferation and increased osteoblastic cell numbers by 26.3%, 34.6%, 20.5% and 21.1% at concentrations of 10−8 M, 10−8 M, 10−10 M and 10−10 M, respectively. These data indicated that flavonoids may be the main constituents accounting for the bone protective effects of the seeds of P. corylifolia.
Alternative Theories of Small-Firm Growth: A Critical Review

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper contains a review of alternative theories which have been developed in order to explain growth and change in the small manufacturing firm. Models of small-firm growth derived within the industrial economics literature are evaluated together with stage models of growth and stochastic models. Social and psychological perspectives on growth are reviewed and the spatial dimension is also considered. We argue that most previous theories of small-firm growth place too little emphasis upon the difficulties which small owner-managed firms have in meeting the competitive requirements of the marketplace.
The Extent of Algal and Bacterial Endosymbioses in Protozoa1,2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Long neglected has been the extensive and more or less intimate association of protozoa with a wide variety of other cells, either prokaryotic or eukaryotic in nature. Yet study of such relationships can provide important information concerning certain basic aspects of cellular evolution in general. A survey is offered here of the whole range of such symbiotic associations (i.e. with species of protozoa serving as hosts) with the purposes of drawing attention to the exciting possibilities of such research and of reviewing significant findings made to date. Because of the vastness of the overall field, examples and discussion are primarily limited to consideration of the following major studies: methanogenic bacteria in certain ciliates, bacterial endosymbionts of the large freshwater amoeba Pelomyxa palustris (itself an amazing organism from an evolutionary/phylogenetic point of view), the rod‐shaped bacteria found in Amoeba proteus , the “Greek‐letter” prokaryotes of Paramecium species, the xenosomes (sensu stricto) of the marine scuticociliate Parauronema acutum , and the diverse algal endosymbionts of similarly diverse protozoan taxa–ciliates, flagellates, radiolarians, acantharians, and foraminifera.
High-order field theory and a weak Euler–Lagrange–Barut equation for classical relativistic particle-field systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In both quantum and classical field systems, conservation laws such as the conservation of energy and momentum are widely regarded as fundamental properties. A broadly accepted approach to deriving conservation laws is built using Noether’s method. However, this procedure is still unclear for relativistic particle-field systems where particles are regarded as classical world lines. In the present study, we establish a general manifestly covariant or geometric field theory for classical relativistic particle-field systems. In contrast to quantum systems, where particles are viewed as quantum fields, classical relativistic particle-field systems present specific challenges. These challenges arise from two sides. The first comes from the mass-shell constraint. To deal with the mass-shell constraint, the Euler–Lagrange–Barut (ELB) equation is used to determine the particle’s world lines in the four-dimensional (4D) Minkowski space. Besides, the infinitesimal criterion, which is a differential equation in formal field theory, is reconstructed by an integro-differential form. The other difficulty is that fields and particles depend on heterogeneous manifolds. To overcome this challenge, we propose using a weak version of the ELB equation that allows us to connect local conservation laws and continuous symmetries in classical relativistic particle-field systems. By applying a weak ELB equation to classical relativistic particle-field systems, we can systematically derive local conservation laws by examining the underlying symmetries of the system. Our proposed approach provides a new perspective on understanding conservation laws in classical relativistic particle-field systems.
Estimating the Video Registration Using Image Motions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this research, we consider the problems of registering multiple video sequences dynamic scenes which are not limited non rigid objects such as fireworks, blasting, high speed car moving taken from different vantage points.In this paper we propose a simple algorithm we can create different frames on particular videos moving for matching such complex scenes.Our algorithm does not require the cameras to be synchronized, and is not based on frame-by-frame or volume-by-volume registration.Instead, we model each video as the output of a linear dynamical system and transform the task of registering the video sequences to that of registering the parameters of the corresponding dynamical models.In this paper we use of a joint frame together to form distinct frame concurrently.The joint identification and the Jordan canonical form are not only applicable to the case of registering video sequences, but also to the entire genre of algorithms based on the dynamic texture model.We have also shown that out of all the possible choices for the method of identification and canonical form, the JID using JCF performs the best.
Standardized Extract (HemoHIM) From Angelica gigas nakai, Cnidium officinale, Cnidium Officinale Makino and Paeonia lactiflora Pallas Extract Attenuates Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Mice Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this study, the hepatoprotective effects of the herbal preparation (HemoHIM) against acetaminopheninduced liver injury were investigated in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the messenger Ribonucleic acid expression of antioxidant factors and proinflammatory cytokines in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells treated with acetaminophen. In vivo study, ICR was divided into five groups (n=10): control, acetaminophen, HemoHIM 250, 500 mg/kg body weight and silymarin 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Mice were administrated acetaminophen (350 mg/kg body weight) on d 5 after sample administration. Blood samples were collected for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase assessment. Liver tissue was determined for glutathione, triglyceride, cholesterol and histopathological features. HemoHIM has significant effects in the treatment groups compared to acetaminophen group.
Hepatocellular carcinoma cells Raman spectra with gold and silver colloid as SERS substrate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, Raman spectra of hepatocellular carcinoma cells were analyzed using gold and silver nanoparticles as SERS active substrates. The size of gold and silver nanoparticles is about 50-60 nm, and these nanoparticles have enhancement role to the Raman spectrum of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The results show that the Raman enhancement effects of gold colloid are more sensitive than silver colloid to cells.
The Sofu Seamount Submarine Volcano Present in the Source Area of the October 2023 Earthquakes and Tsunamis in Japan

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract On 8 October 2023 (UTC), unique earthquakes occurred in the Izu‐Ogasawara Arc, Japan, in which the P‐ and S‐phases were barely visible and only the T‐phases were evident, followed by tsunamis that reached islands in the Izu‐Ogasawara Arc and a wide area of the Pacific coast of southwest Japan. Our estimated T‐phase source area coincides with the Sofu Seamount, which was previously unrecognized as an active submarine volcano. A bathymetric survey of the seamount conducted 1 month after the event revealed characteristics of the seamount with a caldera and a central cone. Compared to the bathymetry in 1987, the topography in the caldera had changed significantly such as a crater forming in the central cone. This seamount is likely to be an active volcano. The topographic changes on the caldera‐sized scale that occurred at the caldera can be explained as a source of the October tsunami.
A new human adipocyte model with PTEN haploinsufficiency

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Few human cell strains are suitable and readily available as in vitro adipocyte models. We used resected lipoma tissue from a patient with germline phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) haploinsufficiency to establish a preadipocyte cell strain termed LipPD1 and aimed to characterize cellular functions and signalling pathway alterations in comparison to the established adipocyte model Simpson-Golabi-Behmel-Syndrome (SGBS) and to primary stromal-vascular fraction cells. We found that both cellular life span and the capacity for adipocyte differentiation as well as adipocyte-specific functions were preserved in LipPD1 and comparable to SGBS adipocytes. Basal and growth factor-stimulated activation of the PI3 K/AKT signalling pathway was increased in LipPD1 preadipocytes, corresponding to reduced PTEN levels in comparison to SGBS cells. Altogether, LipPD1 cells are a novel primary cell model with a defined genetic lesion suitable for the study of adipocyte biology.
Preparation of Cytocompatible ITO Neuroelectrodes with Enhanced Electrochemical Characteristics Using a Facile Anodic Oxidation Process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Physicochemical modification of implantable electrode systems is recognized as a viable strategy to enhance tissue/electrode integration and electrode performance in situ. In this work, a bench‐top electrochemical process to formulate anodized indium tin oxide (ITO) films with altered roughness, conducting profiles, and thickness is explored. In addition, the influence of these anodized films on neural cell adhesion, proliferation, and function indicates that anodized ITO film cytocompatibility can be altered by varying the anodization current density. Furthermore, ITO‐anodized films formed with a current density of 0.4 mA cm −2 show important primary neural cell survival, modulation of glial scar formation, and promotion of neural network activity.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ИНВАЗИВНОГО МОНИТОРИНГА ГЕМОДИНАМИКИ У ПАЦИЕНТА С КАРДИОГЕННЫМ ШОКОМ

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: to analyze our own experience of intensive care in a patient in the state of cardiogenic shock under the control of invasive hemodynamic monitoring. Material and methods. The article presents a clinical case of treatment of a 57-year old patient with acute myocardial infarction of the left ventricular posterior wall complicated by ventricular fibrillation, cardiogenic shock, and respiratory distress syndrome. During the monitor control of the patient`s state, invasive hemodynamic monitoring according to PiCCO technology was additionally used. The complex treatment of the patient involved the application of inotropic and vasopressor drugs, maintaining of fluid balance, artificial lung ventilation. Results. Daily repeated control over central hemodynamics parameters for five days made it possible to apply inotropic and vasopressor drugs differentially, which led to the stabilization of hemodynamics. When the patient was disconnected from the artificial lung ventilation, his venous and arterial blood were tested. To be completely disconnected the patient had to undergo respirator tracheostomy. The patient was discharged in a satisfactory condition on the thirty-second day. Two months later, the patient`s quality of life was assessed by the questionnaire EQ-5D as good. Conclusion. The application of invasive hemodynamic monitoring in myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock favors the choice of the optimal treatment tactics. Repeated control over central hemodynamic parameters makes it possible to predict the course of the illness.
Impact Assessment of Big Data Analysis and Application Cases – A Cross-Country Comparative Analysis –

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose of the articleThis paper aims at exploring – in a cross-country framework – how digital technologies and, especially, big data analytics have forced companies from different sectors to reconsider and experiment with their business models and how this contributes to their innovativeness and performance. By using a comparative study of companies in several EU countries, the focus mainly lies on exploring the impact that digitization has had on businesses as a whole and how companies have succeeded in making digital technologies a competitive advantage. The analysis is centered on assessing the effect that disruptive technologies and digitization have from an economic and competitiveness perspective. Methodology/methodsThe research focuses on comparing companies in several EU countries on the basis of case study methodology. Use cases from different EU countries and different sectors of the economy are being analyzed and compared. Scientific aimMain aim is to demonstrate – based on selected cases – the potential of big data analysis as one of the key factors in digital transformation. Contrary to single-case settings adressing specific business cases, this article focuses on compilation of possible applications and implementation scenarios based on selected cases that represent various perspectives. FindingsSelected case studies clearly demonstrate the potential of using big data analysis and digital technologies with significant impact on business and society. Selection of case studies was made to cover different levels and perspectives, so that the impact could be generalized. In all these perspectives the potential for using big data analysis as a direction for improvement is shown to be very high. Conclusions This comparative analysis shows how and whether EU economies are changing due to new disruptive technologies. EU countries show in general different levels of digital awareness and skills as well as a different potential of exploring the impact of digitalization. Governments should develop and enforce more instruments in order to be able to cope with the increasing demand for digitalization and to support companies in becoming more competitive on the international markets. Keywords: big data, big data analytics, digitization, digital awareness, comparative analysis JEL Classification: M15, M21, C6
The inescapability of politics? Nationalism, democratization and social order in Japanese education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Before 1945, schools were a vehicle for nationalism and modernization, with nationalism taking a decisive front seat from the 1930s onwards. After 1945, education was seen by the Allied Occupation as a key instrument for transforming Japan into a democratic, peaceful country. The main aims of education policy under the Occupation were democratization, decentralization and egalitarianism. After the restoration of Japanese sovereignty in 1952, conservative education ministers asserted that the use of the flag and anthem in schools was 'desirable', as did the national curriculum from 1958 onwards. Alongside the education of democratic citizens, Japanese schools have also played a further key role that might be considered political – they have contributed to social order through their educational and socializing efforts. As has frequently been pointed out, schools in Japan have come to be held responsible for aspects of socialization that in many other countries are seen as the preserve of the family.
Evolution of Computer-Based Distance Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Distance learning (DL), distance education, remote education, online learning, e-learning, learning at a distance, and distributed learning are all synonyms for electronic learning, a phenomenon that over 80 years has evolved into the delivery of instruction via the Internet. The legacy of those years has provided a theoretical foundation and a history of best practices that can offer today’s distance learning practitioners a sound basis for exploring new instructional models utilizing technologies of the 21st century. This article describes some of the major milestones and accomplishments upon which today’s computer-based distance learning tools and practices are based.
Hotel profitability in Spain: Impact of the location of tourist destinations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose - This paper evaluates the impact of the location of tourist destinations on Spanish hotel profitability. For this purpose, the factors that describe tourism profitability are identified and clusters of tourist destinations are developed. The model also analyses the determinants of profitability based on location models developed in the hotel sector, such as accessibility, agglomeration, and seasonality of the tourist destination. Methodology - Multivariate analysis techniques and non-parametric contrasts are applied. Findings - The results highlight the importance of the location of tourist destinations, the preferred tourist mode, and the level of seasonality on tourist profitability. There is an economic, labour and efficiency imbalance that benefits coastal vacation destinations with lower levels of seasonality, located in the Mediterranean strip, the Balearic Islands, and the Canary Islands. Originality - Special attention is paid to factors related to the location of tourist destinations from the perspective of both supply and demand, which makes it possible to isolate and quantify the effect of the tourist destination on profitability, which is essential for good planning and management.