jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Aboriginal stars of the pigskin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although much had been written about the participation of Aboriginal sportsmen and women, particularly in boxing, football and athletics, there had been little researched or written regarding Aboriginal involvement with horse-racing. This article is the result of research during early 1996 in the author's term as the Aboriginal History Stanner Fellow, Australian National University. Sadly the depth of research was restricted by the limit of the author's stay of only four months. In mid 1998 the author received a grant from the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies to enable me to encompass a far more exhaustive study on the aspect of Aboriginal involvement with the 'Sport of Kings'.
Metals and Life

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Metals play a vital role in the metabolism of plants and animals and, increasingly, in medicine. This book provides an introduction to the metals essential to life and ligands of biological importance. It considers the uptake of metals, their transport and ultimately their storage, illustrated in particular with the story of iron in the body. It also considers Na, K and Ca ion channels and biomineralisation and covers the key roles that metals and their complexes play in living systems, for example in respiration and photosynthesis. The last chapter (delivered online) considers metal toxicity and deficiency as well as the role that metals play in medicine, looking at both diagnostics and therapy, and in the forefront of inorganic research.
Nucleic Acid-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticle Interactions with Model Endosomal Membranes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are important delivery systems for RNA-based therapeutics, yet the mechanism of their interaction with endosomal membranes remains unclear. Here, the interactions of nucleic acid-loaded LNPs that contain an ionizable lipid with models of the early and late endosomal membranes are studied, for the first time, using different reflectometry techniques. Novel insight is provided with respect to the subphase pH, the stage of the endosome, and the nature of the nucleic acid cargo. It is found that the insertion of lipids from the LNPs into the model membrane is greatest at pH 6.5 and 5.5, whereas at higher pH, lipid insertion is suppressed with evidence instead for the binding of intact LNPs, demonstrating the importance of the pH in the fusion of LNPs undergoing the endosomal pathway. Furthermore, and independently of the pH, the effect of the early- versus late-stage endosomal models is minimal, suggesting that the increased fluidity and anionic nature of the late endosome has little effect on the extent of LNP interaction. Last, there is greater nucleic acid delivery from LNPs containing mRNA than Poly(A), indicating that the extent of interaction can be tuned according to the nature of the nucleic acid cargo. Such new information on the relative impact of factors influencing nucleic acid delivery by LNP interactions with endosomal membranes is important in the design and tuning of vehicles with improved nucleic acid delivery capacities.
Materials Data on KAlPO5 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

KAlPO5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnna space group. The structure is three-dimensional. K is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.59–2.87 Å. There are two inequivalent Al sites. In the first Al site, Al is bonded to six O atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 47°. There is four shorter (1.87 Å) and two longer (2.00 Å) Al–O bond length. In the second Al site, Al is bonded to six O atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 47°. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.86–2.00 Å. There are two inequivalent P sites. In the first P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four AlO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 46–47°. There is two shorter (1.54 Å) and two longer (1.56 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four AlO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–49°. All P–O bond lengths are 1.55 Å. There are five inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one K, one Al, and one P atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one K, one Al, and one P atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one K, one Al, and one P atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one K, one Al, and one P atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one K and two Al atoms.
Impact of Day 14 Bone Marrow Biopsy on Re-InductionDecisions and Prediction of a Complete Response in AcuteMyeloid Leukemia Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: With acute myeloid leukemia (AML), there are limited data about the accuracy of day 14 bone marrow (BM) biopsies for predicting complete remission as compared to day 28 BM biopsy results. We here aimed to estimate the correlation between, and the diagnostic accuracy of, both approaches. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 84 patients with AML treated with standard induction chemotherapy to evaluate the remission rate and treatment decisions based on day 14 BM biopsy from 2000-2012. Results: Sixty five patients (77%) demonstrated remission (CR) with less than 5% blasts on their day 14 BM. Thirteen patients (16%) had residual disease (RD), and 6 (7%) were classified as indeterminate response (IR) i.e., blasts 5-20%. Two patients with RD on day 14 underwent re-induction. Out of the 17 remaining cases with RD+IR, 14 (all 6 with IR and 8 out of 11 with residual disease with no re-induction) demonstrated a morphologic complete remission (CR) on day 28 BM. The percentages for complete remissions on days 28 and 14 were significantly different [94% versus 79.3%, respectively; p=0.004, (OR= 0.143, 95% CI: 0.032-0.63)]. Day 14 BM had 82% sensitivity in predicting CR on Day 28; however, it had insufficient specificity (60%) in predicting failure of CR. Conclusions: Induction treatment response assessment based on day 14 BM does not accurately predict the response rate on day 28 and the use of day 14 BM as a sole marker of response to therapy might expose patients to unnecessary interventions.
Lady writes the blues. Call and response in the poetry of Afro‐American women

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Asks on whose behalf the black woman poet in the USA speaks, what type of language she uses and what audience she has. Points out that an earlier lack of tradition meant that originally white styles of language were used and aimed at the white audience. Looks at the rise of the blues era and the “blueswoman”. Considers the work of Phillis Wheatley, Alice Dunbar Nelson, Anne Spencer and Angelina Grimke together with Margaret Walker and singers such as Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith. Finally, outlines the development of a political era and the growing sexual freedom of black women and the impact their writings.
Global fluctuations in magnetohydrodynamic dynamos

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The spectrum of temporal fluctuations of total magnetic energy for several dynamo models is different from white noise at frequencies smaller than the inverse of the turnover time of the underlying turbulent velocity field. Examples for this phenomenon are known from previous work and we add in this paper simulations of the G.O. Roberts dynamo and of convectively driven dynamos in rotating spherical shells. The appearance of colored noise in the magnetic energy is explained by simple phenomenological models. The Kolmogorov theory of turbulence is used to predict the spectrum of kinetic and magnetic energy fluctuations in the inertial range.
Changes in regional lung impedance after intravenous histamine bolus in dogs: effects of lung volume

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We measured the effect of lung volume on the time course of regional lung input impedance (ZA) after bolus intravenous administration of 2 mg of histamine in seven open-chest dogs using alveolar capsule oscillators. ZA (24–200 Hz) was obtained during apnea at constant lung volume every 2 s for 80 s at lung inflation pressures of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 kPa. Local airway resistance (RA) and elastance of the local lung region were calculated by fitting a four-parameter model to the measured ZA. Total lung resistance and lung elastance were also calculated from tracheal pressure and flow measured during mechanical ventilation (0.3 Hz) just before and after each set of ZA measurements. We found the histamine-induced changes in both lung resistance and lung elastance to decrease with increasing lung volume. RA also showed a large negative dependency on lung volume, and the variation between different RA measurements became markedly increased as lung volume decreased. In contrast, local airway elastance was essentially unaffected by lung volume. These results support the idea that parenchymal tethering of the very distal airways impedes their narrowing during bronchoconstriction. They also indicate that reduced parenchymal tethering causes airway narrowing to become markedly more inhomogeneous.
A Novel Granular Profile Control Agent for Steam Flooding: Synthesis and Evaluation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract To block big pore throats and channels, caused by high-temperature steam, in vicinity of injection wells of steam flooding, profile control agent should be inject. For the optimum effect, its properties should include excellent heat resistance and some permeability after consolidation, which is beneficial for improvement of sweep coefficient. In this paper, we do a study on how to synthesize a novel granular profile control agent and evaluate its properties. The basic procedure includes synthesis material selection, synthesis method optimization, consolidation properties test (setting time, consolidation strength and heat resistance) by orthogonal experiments and simulation experiments by heterogeneous parallel dual-core flooding tests. Results show that profile control agent is self-cemented, inorganic particle with the scale of mm, matching the scale of big pore throats and channels in vicinity of injection well. Initial setting time greater than 7h, consolidation strength up to 3.5MPa and excellent heat resistance can ensure its feasibility and completeness in high-temperature steam. Profile control agent with proper size can form core with some permeability and porosity. The core formed has stable and flushing-resisting flowing channels. The relationship between permeability of core formed and diameter of particles is established, which means with known permeability ratio of formation, specific diameter and injection PV can be chosen to satisfy the homogeneity.
Lumbar Puncture

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract

The Peer Assisted Learning program at Sacramento State University (PAL) was established in 2012 with one section supporting introductory chemistry. It now serves 17 gatekeeper courses in Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics, and Statistics, enrolling approximately 1,400 students annually. Adapting the Peer-Led Team Learning model, PAL Facilitators do not teach, tutor, or even confirm answers; they do ask scaffolding questions, provide encouragement, and ensure that all group members participate in problem-solving. Here we assess the efficacy of the program in terms of student success in the parent course. As PAL is an opt-in program, we employ propensity score matching techniques to account for confounding factors. Our analysis of 11 classes shows that PAL provides an average course GPA bump ranging from .23 to .71 grade points (mean .42). Compared to the non-PAL baseline course GPA, this amounts to an increase of 9% to 51% (mean 23%). We consider data from over 25,000 students, and our propensity score analysis uses over 10,000 students (4,519 PAL, 5,814 non-PAL) for whom appropriate matches could be found.
Analisis Tingkat Kesadahan Air Tanah di Kecamatan Pati Tahun 2016

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Groundwater in Pati Sub District is strongly suspected to have poor water quality due to its high degree of hardness. An indication of high levels of hardness is the presence of a crust on the boiler side after groundwater boiling in Semampir and Pati Kidul Villages. Another indication is that kidney stone has been found from in and out of Pati Sub District. The objectives of this research are to determine the level of groundwater hardness in Pati Sub District and to analyze the suitability of spreading pattern of groundwater hardness toward soil condition and groundwater flow pattern in Pati Sub District. The research method used in this research is survey method. The data needed in this study are primary and secondary data. Sampling method in this research is purposive sampling method. Data analysis in this research is done by comparative descriptive technique. The results show that the level of groundwater hardness varies from soft to medium level, hard and very hard. Groundwater that is classified as unsafe and possibly unsafe is all consumed in very hard-to-maintain areas. The groundwater in Pati Sub District is classified as unsafe to be consumed in Ngepungrojo Village, while groundwater which may not be safe for consumption is found in Panjunan, Gajahmati, Dengkek, Sugiharjo, Widorokandang, Purworejo, Sarirejo, Kutoharjo, Payang, Tambahsari, Tambaharjo, and Sinoman. The pattern of groundwater hardness distribution in Pati Sub District is valued according to the soil type condition and is sufficiently in accordance with the groundwater flow pattern. \nKeywords : Groundwater, Hardness
Antagonists with negative intrinsic activity at delta opioid receptors coupled to GTP-binding proteins.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

According to classical models of drug-receptor interactions, competitive antagonists share with agonists the ability to bind to a common site on the receptor molecule. However, they are different from agonists, as they cannot trigger the "stimulus" that leads to biological responses--i.e., they lack intrinsic activity. For those receptors whose signals are transduced to effector systems by GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins), a mechanistic equivalent of such a stimulus is an increased ability of agonist-bound receptor to accelerate nucleotide exchange and thus GTPase activity on the G-protein molecule. Here we show that for a member of this family of receptors (delta opioid receptors in membranes of NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma cells), two types of competitive antagonists can be distinguished. One type has no intrinsic activity, since it neither stimulates nor inhibits the GTPase activity of G proteins and its apparent affinity for the receptor is not altered by pertussis toxin-mediated uncoupling of receptor and G protein. The second type, however, can inhibit GTPase and thus exhibits negative intrinsic activity; its affinity for receptors is increased following uncoupling from G proteins. The existence of antagonists with negative intrinsic activity may be a general feature of several classes of neurotransmitters or hormone receptors and calls for a reevaluation of biological effects produced by competitive antagonists.
XLII.—Notes on new or less-known Holarctic Decticinæ (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidæ)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(1930). XLII.—Notes on new or less-known Holarctic Decticinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 5, No. 28, pp. 400-405.
Improving entrepreneurship creativity of early childhood students through market day activities: A systematic literature review

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Increased creativity in entrepreneurship can be nurtured from an early age through entrepreneurial learning that is appropriate and fun for children to do. Increased entrepreneurship can be applied in market day activities organized by the school. The purpose of this study is to understand empirical evidence regarding the application of market day activities as an effort to increase entrepreneurial creativity in kindergarten students. The use of Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on 12 selected literatures with 3 questions asked. The results of this study are (1). Student involvement plays a very important role in increasing entrepreneurial creativity in children from an early age. (2). The entrepreneurship activity model through market day activities produces 6 main entrepreneurship values, including: 1. Independent 2. Leadership 3. Hard work 4. Creative 5. Risk taking 6. Focus on action. The last result, market day, can increase creativity and innovation, recognize the concept of honesty, hone intrapersonal intelligence in children, develop self-confidence and managerial skills, train the communication process with others, and develop a business spirit in children. The conclusion of this literature study is that increasing entrepreneurship creativity through market day programs in schools can develop entrepreneurship interest in students so that later it can increase the nation's competitiveness in the field of entrepreneurship. Student involvement, adequate facilities, and support from parents and teachers are also important points so that market day activities run smoothly.
Treatable but not curable cancer in England: a retrospective cohort study using cancer registry data and linked data sets

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives This study estimates the prevalence of cancers that are categorised as treatable but not curable (TbnC) in England. It provides a quantification of the population and a framework to aid identification of this group to enable the design of tailored support services. Design Through consultation with clinical and data experts an algorithmic definition of TbnC was developed. Using cancer registry data sets, with five other linked data sets held by the National Disease Registration Service, the algorithm was applied as part of this retrospective cohort study to estimate the size and characteristics of the TbnC population. Setting and participants The health data records of 1.6 million people living with cancer in England in 2015, following a cancer diagnosis between 2001 and 2015, were retrospectively assessed for TbnC status. Results An estimated 110 615 people in England were living with TbnC cancer at the end of 2015, following identification of TbnC cancer between 2012 and 2015. In addition, 51 946 people fit the initial search criteria but were found to have been in their last year of life at the end of 2015 and therefore considered separately here as end of life cases. A further 57 117 people in England were initially identified as being at high risk of recurrence or having their life being shortened by cancer but did not fit the TbnC conceptual framework and were excluded, but their results are also reported under ‘group B’. Conclusions A population living with TbnC cancer can be identified using data currently collected on a national scale in England. This large population living with TbnC cancer requires personalised treatment and support.
The sensory properties of gouda-type cheese depending on the degree of paracasein degradation.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The proteolysis in cheeses produced with working starter was different than in those produced with concentrate. Different dynamics of proteolysis (N-soluble) and peptolysis (N-amino acid) during ripening resulted in different sensory properties of gouda-type cheeses. Visible differences occurred in eye formation and texture. The cheeses produced from milk with added lisozyme were characterised by more soft, elastic texture compared with respective cheeses from milk with saltpetre.
The spherical transform of a Schwartz function on the free two step nilpotent lie group

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $F(n)$ be a connected and simply connected free 2-step nilpotent lie group and $K$ be a compact subgroup of Aut($F(n)$). We say that $(K,F(n))$ is a Gelfand pair when the set of integrable $K$-invariant functions on $F(n)$ forms an abelian algebra under convolution. In this paper, we consider the case when $K=O(n)$. In this case, the Gelfand space $(O(n),F(n)$ is equipped with the Godement-Plancherel measure, and the spherical transform $\land:L_{O(n)}^{2}(F(n))\rightarrow L^{2}(Δ(O(n),F(n)))$ is an isometry. I will prove the Gelfand space $Δ(O(n),F(n))$ is equipped with the Godement-Plancherel measure and the inversion formula. Both of which have something related to its correspond Heisenberg group. The main result in this paper provides a complete characterization of the set $φ_{O(n)} (F(n))^{\wedge}$=$\{\widehat{f}\mid f\in φ_{O(n)} (F(n))\}$ of spherical transforms of $O(n)$-invariant Schwartz functions on $F(n)$. I show that a function $F$ on $Δ(O(n),F(n))$ belongs to $φ_{O(n)} (F(n))^{\wedge}$ if and only if the functions obtained from $F$ via application of certain derivatives and difference operators satisfy decay conditions.