jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Curcumin, Resveratrol and Cannabidiol as Natural Key Prototypes inDrug Design for Neuroprotective Agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

: Nowadays, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alz-heimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), repre-sent a great challenge in different scientific fields, such as neuropharmacology, medicinal chemistry, molecular biology and medicine, as all these pathologies remain incurable, with high socio-economic impacts and high costs for governmental health services. Due to their severity and multi-factorial pathophysiological complexity, the available approved drugs for clinic have not yet shown adequate effectiveness and exhibited very restricted options in the therapeutic arsenal; this high-lights the need for continued drug discovery efforts in the academia and industry. In this context, natural products, such as curcumin (1), resveratrol (2) and cannabidiol (CBD, 3) have been recog-nized as important sources, with promising chemical entities, prototype models and starting materi-als for medicinal organic chemistry, as their molecular architecture, multifunctional properties and single chemical diversity could facilitate the discovery, optimization and development of innovative drug candidates with improved pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics compared to the known drugs and, perhaps, provide a chance for discovering novel effective drugs to combat NDs. In this review, we report the most recent efforts of medicinal chemists worldwide devoted to the explora-tion of curcumin (1), resveratrol (2) and cannabidiol (CBD, 3) as starting materials or privileged scaffolds in the design of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) with potential therapeutic proper-ties against NDs, which have been published in the scientific literature during the last 10 years of research and are available in PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases.
Analyzing the effect of landmark vectors in homing navigation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The development of an autonomous navigating robot is a challenging task. Motivated by the performance of insects successfully returning to the nest, researchers have studied bio-inspired navigation algorithms for their potential use in mobile robots. In this paper, we analyze landmark-based approaches, especially Distance Estimated Landmark Vector (DELV), Average Correctional Vector and Average Landmark Vector methods, that use landmark vectors for visible environmental landmarks. We evaluated the homing performance of various landmark vector methods with surrounding landmarks under occlusion and found that the occluded or missing landmarks have a significant influence on the performance. We also developed a landmark vector algorithm with a visual compass that uses only retinal images without a reference compass. From our experimental results, we conclude that the DELV shows robust homing navigation performance with missing or occluded landmarks among landmark vector methods.
Population trends in achalasia diagnosis and management: a changing paradigm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary The Chicago Classification of esophageal motility disorders improved the differentiation of achalasia subtypes and tailored treatment. Heller myotomy (HM) and pneumatic dilation are two established treatments for achalasia. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has become a third definitive option and is on the rise. Using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, we evaluated patients hospitalized with achalasia and associated surgical and endoscopic interventions from 2013 to 2017 and compared patients undergoing HM versus POEM. The NIS database was queried to include patients with achalasia. Patients who underwent HM, POEM (only 2017 due to lack of distinct procedure code in 2013), pneumatic dilation, or esophagectomy were identified. Adverse events during the hospitalization were also queried using diagnosis codes. From 2013 to 2017, patients hospitalized with achalasia increased from 16 850 to 19 485. There were reductions in the number of esophageal dilations (10.6–5.4%, P &lt; 0.001) and HM (18.7–13.1%, P &lt; 0.001). In 2017, 580 POEMs were performed. Compared with patients undergoing HM in 2017, patients who had POEM had higher mean age &gt; 64 (P = 0.004), Charlson comorbidity index (P &lt; 0.001), disease severity (P &lt; 0.001), and likelihood of mortality (P &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in length of stay, mortality, or total costs between the HM and POEM groups. Patients hospitalized with achlasia increased from 2013 to 2017, possibly due to the growth and accessibility of high-resolution esophageal manometry. As expertise in POEM increases, the number of POEM performed is anticipated to rise with possible further reductions in other treatment modalities for achalasia.
Abstract TP290: Decreased Recognition of Minor Stroke Patients Leads to Longer Door-to-Needle Time

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intro: Shorter door-to-needle time (DTN) is associated with better outcomes for ischemic stroke. National increases in tPA volumes are partially driven by treatment of larger numbers of minor strokes. However, it is not known whether treatment times differ in these patients. We sought to evaluate DTN and component times in minor strokes. Hypothesis: In minor strokes DTN is longer due to more diagnostic uncertainty Methods: We reviewed the record of all patients who received tPA in our ED from 7/2011-7/2015. Minor stroke was defined as NIHSS≤5. We compared demographics, EMS usage, pre-notification rates and DTN between minor strokes and all others. We also compared DTN component times, specifically neurologist-dependent times where diagnostic uncertainty may be apparent (stroke activation (SA)-to-tPA and imaging-to-tPA) and ED-dependent times which capture initial stroke recognition (door-to-SA and door-to-imaging). Means were compared via t test, medians via Mann Whitney U test, and dichotomous variables via chi square test. Results: Over this period 311 patients received tPA; 126 (41%) were minor strokes. There were no significant differences in language (48 vs 52% English-speaking, p=0.6) or sex (39 vs 34% male, p=0.3) for minor strokes compared to all others. Minor strokes were younger (62 vs 73 years, p<0.01), less likely to use EMS (55 vs 80%, p<0.01), and less likely to receive pre-notification by EMS (43 vs 71%, p<0.01). We found longer DTN (61 vs 55 min, p=0.01) in minor strokes compared to all others. For DTN components, door-to-SA (5 vs 2 min, p<0.01) and door-to-imaging (27 vs 21 min, p<0.01) were longer in minor strokes while imaging-to-tPA (33 vs 32 min, p=1.0) and SA-to-tPA (50 vs 51 min, p=0.5) were not. In the subgroup arriving by EMS, these differences persisted although they were no longer significant (DTN 59 vs 54 min, p=0.4; door-to-SA 4 vs 1 min, p=0.05; door-to-imaging 25 vs 20 min, p=0.05). Conclusion: We found longer DTN in minor strokes. The difference in door-to-stroke activation and door-to-imaging but not other component times suggests delayed recognition of minor strokes at ED presentation. Similarly, less frequent pre-notification points to poor recognition by EMS. Efforts are needed to improve minor stroke recognition by EMS and ED providers
[Exchange mechanism of chromosome loss].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Frequencies of induced losses of autosome 2, free arm of autosome 2 and simultaneous losses of two free arms of autosome 2 were determined as 3.25 x 10(-3), 2.78 x 10(-3), 0.84 x 10(-3), respectively. High frequency of simultaneous losses of two chromosomes may have pointed to the exchange nature of the chromosome losses. The similarity of frequencies of half-translocations in heterochromatin of autosome 2 and frequencies of the losses observed show that the chromosome losses are the consequence of exchanges in chromosomal heterochromatin.
Soil Temperature ARCSS grid Atqasuk, Alaska 2011

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Soil Temperature measurements were taken on a 30 plot subset within the Arctic System Science (ARCSS) grid in Atqasuk, Alaska during the 2011 summer field season. Each measurement was taken on the north eastern most corner of each plot. The chosen subset was located from E2-E6 and J2-J6. The Systems Ecology Lab's (SEL) Taylor Temperature Probe was used to take measurements at about a 10 cm depth at each plot.
Additional file 1 of “Like a ticking time bomb”: the persistence of trauma in the HIV diagnosis experience among black men who have sex with men in New York City

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Additional file 1. CDUHR HIV Positive Black Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) Questionnaire. Quantitative survey capturing basic demographic information including age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, level of education, income, housing, employment, history of incarceration and health insurance status.
The massive black holes, high accretion rates, and non-tilted jet feedback, of jetted AGN triggered by secular processes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

That jetted active galactic nuclei (AGN) are also hosted in spiral galaxies is now well established. Our understanding of how such objects might fit in the radio loud AGN subclass has been described by Foschini and others over the past decade in that jets in spirals are weaker than those of radio galaxies and quasars because the black holes in spirals tend to be less massive. Recent data, however, may be pointing to a different picture which we describe. Unlike powerful jetted AGN in ellipticals, we illustrate from model perspectives, features of jets in spirals responsible for limiting both their power as well as their effect on their host galaxies. AGN triggered by secular processes fail to generate jet re-orientation, a key ingredient in the jetted AGN feedback mechanism in merger-triggered ellipticals that leads to the red-and-dead radio galaxies at low redshift such as M87. As a result, jetted AGN in spirals tend to live in a separate part of the parameter space compared to radio galaxies and quasars. Because of the absence of jet reorientation and due to the relatively short-lived jet phases, jetted AGN in spirals are best compared to radio quiet or jetless AGN than any other jetted AGN subclass.
MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF MICROPROPAGATED STRAWBERRY PLANTS USING ISSR (INTER SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS) MARKERS FOR ASCERTAINING CLONAL FIDELITY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study is aimed at ascertaining the genetic uniformity of the nuclear genome of mother plant and its tissue cultured progenies of strawberry in order to establish true-to-type character through enhanced axillary branching micropropagation by employing ISSR-PCR molecular marker. The study yielded monomorphic bands in all the seven UBC dinucleotide motif primers. The results concluded that the tissue culture raised plantlets of strawberry are genetically identical and clonally uniform at least up to the 15 th culture passage.
Tangible and Intangible Values of a CRP: A Cost-Benefit Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Collegiate Recovery Program (CRP) growth is dependent upon research that addresses the value of CRPs. Given that CRP research is relatively new, there are barriers related to justifying the establishment and growth of CRPs. One barrier to CRP expansion is the lack of cost-benefit analyses within the field. Understanding students and their wellbeing with CRPs is a focal point overshadowing the importance of financial implications even though finances are integral to CRP health and longevity. Thus, it is imperative to identify these financial implications in order establish and convey the value of a CRP. This article reports on a cost-benefit analysis completed using the national averages of cost and benefits related to CRPs. Findings reinforce the value of CRPs and show the monetary impact a CRP can add to an institution of higher learning. This cost-benefit analysis was developed for institutions of higher education using available national data. Conclusions, limitations, and future implications are discussed. In addition, a cost-benefit tool was developed to be utilized by those who wish to develop a CRP.
Protection Design Method and Reliability Test Evaluation Method for Electronic Units of Outdoor Agricultural Machinery

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces the protection design method for electronic units of the self-propelled harvester, which is an agricultural machine used for field farming, among outdoor agricultural machines, and a reliability test evaluation method for it. The field farming work environment is an outdoor off-road surface that is generally divided into a ridge and a furrow. These off-road surfaces are mixed with various factors such as boulders, grass, and puddles, so shocks are constantly transmitted to the electrical equipment during movement and work, and dust is generated and moisture such as raindrops can penetrate into the interior of the electronic units the probability is very high. Typical external environmental factors that adversely affect the electronic units installed on the harvester body when the outdoor agricultural machine moves or works are impact, dust, and water. Therefore, this study proposes in detail a design technique that protects electronic units from the external environmental factors mentioned above and a reliability test evaluation method that can verify it.
Maternal hypothyroxinemia alters the immune function of the adipose tissue in the adult the progeny

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Obesity and thyroid hormone deficiency are global problems. Chile has 31,2% of obesity. Obesity is characterized by adipose tissue, that’s able to influence the immune system. Gestational environment can increase the offspring susceptibility to have obesity. It’s been suggested that maternal hypothyroxinemia (HTX) could be a factor for obesity development in the offspring imprinting the adipose tissue contributing to the altered immune response seen in HTX progeny. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of HTX in adipose tissue in the progeny and its influence on the adipocyte immune function. For this purpose, weight and body fat content of the offspring gestated or not under HTX using In vivo MRI was asess. Area and number of adipocytes from offspring conditions was evaluated using a deep convolutional neural network approach. Cell infiltration was also analyzed. Expression of cytokines as PPARs and leptin were evaluated. Adipose tissue infiltrating cells were analyzed by FACS. In vitro, the differentiation capacity of control and HTX pre-adipocytes using Oil red staining and quantification and measure adipokine an cytokine production by these cells was evaluated. We show that the HTX offspring present an increased body fat content. Image analysis showed an increase in the number and area of the HTX adipocytes. An increased capacity of HTX pre-adipocytes to differentiate to adipocytes was seen. Alteration in the expression of cytokines, PPARs and leptin and an increase in cell infiltration with more predominant activated CD4+ T cells and monocytes was observed. This work proves that maternal HTX induces alterations of the adipose tissue of the progeny that could contribute to the susceptibility of the HTX to autoimmune diseases.
Removal of nitrate by electrodialysis: effect of operation parameters

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We investigated the effect of applied voltage and electrolyte concentration on the nitrate removal and its energy/current efficiency during the electrodialysis. The current increased as the applied voltage increased up to 30 V showing the limiting current density around 20 V. The nitrate removal efficiency (31 to 71% in 240 min) and energy consumption (11 to 77 W∙h/L) gradually increased as the applied voltage increased from 10 to 30 V. The highest current efficiency was obtained at 20 V. The increase in electrolyte concentration from 100 to 500 mM led to the dramatic increase of nitrate removal efficiency with much faster removal kinetics (100 % in 10 min).
Impulsive noise suppression in DFT-SOFDM system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The DFT-SOFDM is a high date rate underwater acoustic transmission scheme even for underwater military communication. It has been widely studied to overcome the complexity of underwater acoustic channels. Generally speaking, multi-carrier transmission systems have many obvious advantages. They are less sensitive to impulsive noise than single-carrier systems. The longer symbol duration provides an advantage in a presence of impulsive noise. Nevertheless, it was recently recognized that this advantage turns into a disadvantage, if the impulsive noise energy exceeds a certain threshold. In this paper, nonlinearity methods for impulsive noise suppression in DFT-SOFDM receivers are considered. The experimental results of this comparative study show that the blanking nonlinearity performs better than the clipping nonlinearity.
Assessment of caregiver burden with elderly having cognitive deficit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To characterize the elderly with cognitive déficit, and family caregivers who live in the urban communit,y and to identify the caregiver burden. METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional study, conducted between January and July 2009. Seventy elderly (aged 65 and older) were assessed for cognitive deficit using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); their 70 caregivers were evaluated by the Zarit Burden Scale (ZBS) and the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ). The data were entered and validated by double entry in the MS Excel Program, and were analyzed using SPSS software, version 15.0. RESULTS: Of the caregivers, 47.1% were children. We obtained a mean for the ZBS of 30.3 (± 17.3) and 6.2 (± 3.2) for the SRQ, p <0.05, correlating lower scores of the MMSE with high scores on ZBS and SRQ. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive deficit of the elderly was a predictive factor for burden and emotional distress of caregivers. Knowing the reduction of cognitive capacity related to caregiver burden is essential for preserving caregiver health.
The Adoption Analysis of Voice-Based Smart IoT Products

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Rapid enhancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) and other technologies have resulted in the emergence of various types of smart IT products such as the voice assistants (VAs). Accordingly, several attempts have been made through extant research for explaining the acceptance of these devices by using different models related to technology acceptance. In this article, an in-depth comparative analysis is conducted for determining which model best explains the user's acceptance of using VAs. The technology acceptance model (TAM), theory of planned behavior (TPB), unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), and value-based adoption model (VAM) are used for the purpose of comparison using data collected from 436 (275 potential and 161 actual) participants from the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform. A maximum-likelihood structural equation modelling approach is used for the purpose of hypothesis testing on a model-by-model basis, while for the purpose of comparison between the models, Hotelling's ${ T}^{ 2}$ test is used as the statistical measure. All the hypotheses across all the models are found to be true, though with varying degrees of ${\mathrm{ adjusted-}}{ R}^{ 2}$ values. VAM is found to have the greatest predictive power (${\mathrm{ adjusted-}}{ R}^{ 2} ={ 0}.{ 6}{ 83}$ ) and TAM has the least predictive power (${\mathrm{ adjusted-}}{ R}^{ 2} ={ 0}.{ 439}$ ) for behavioral intention (BI). Additionally, a multiple regression analysis is conducted for comparing each of the factors considered in the models in terms of their influence on BI. Results show that enjoyment has the greatest influence (31.24%), followed by subjective norms (15.43%). The effect of usefulness is found to be less (11.86%), which suggests the existence of some usability issues with the VAs. Finally, the research implications are discussed and suggestions are provided.
Quantitative evaluation of coronary artery calcium and vascular function by hybrid rubidium-82 PET/CT imaging in heart transplanted patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim/Introduction Cardiac myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) by positron emission tomography (PET)/ computed tomography (CT) represents a noninvasive method used for an integrated measurement of myocardial blood flow (MBF), myocardial flow reserve (MFR) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) content. No study has investigated the relationship between coronary atherosclerotic burden and vascular function in heart transplanted patients. Thus, we assessed the relationship between CAC score, MBF and MFR in heart transplant patients undergoing hybrid 82Rb positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging. Materials and Methods We enrolled a total of 100 (mean age 60±13 years) consecutive patients referred to hybrid 82Rb PET/CT myocardial perfusion imaging for evaluation of myocardial ischemia. CAC score was measured according to the Agatston method and patients were categorized into 4 groups (0, 0.01-99.9, 100-399.9, and ≥400). Baseline and hyperemic MBF were automatically quantified. MFR was calculated as the ratio of hyperemic to baseline MBF and it was considered reduced when &lt;2. The Spearman correlation coefficient was assessed between continuous CAC score and MBF or MFR values. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the variables associated with reduced MFR. Results Global CAC score showed a significant inverse correlation with hyperemic MBF (r=-0.28, P &lt; .05) and MFR (r=-0.40, P &lt; .001), while no correlation between CAC score and baseline MBF was found (P = 0.9). CAC score was zero in 71 (71%) patients, 0.1-99.9 in 8 (8%), 100-399.9 in 12 (12%), and ≥400 in 9 (9%). Global baseline MBF was comparable among the four groups of patients at different levels of CAC score (F = 0.040, P = 0.989). Whereas hyperemic MBF (F = 2.897) and MFR (F = 4.344) progressively decreased with increasing CAC levels (P for trend &lt;0.05). Univariable analysis demonstrated that age, diabetes, and CAC score (all P &lt; .05) were associated with reduced MFR. At multivariable logistic regression analysis only age and CAC score (both P &lt; .05) were independently associated with reduced MFR. The addition of CAC score to clinical data, increased the global chi-square value for predicting reduced MFR from 18.79 to 25.66 (P &lt; .01). Conclusion In heart transplanted patients there was an inverse relationship between CAC score and MFR. The evaluation of calcium content might be helpful for identifying patients with a reduced MFR, at high risk to develop cardiac allograft vasculopathy.MBF across CAC score categories MFR across CAC score categories
Cardiac Amyloidosis Detected by Tc-99m (V) DMSA Myocardial Uptake

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Technetium-99m (V) DMSA scintigraphy was performed in a patient with histologically proven systemic amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma. The patient had manifestations of cardiac congestive failure. Radionuclide angiocardiography showed a normal left ventricular ejection fraction, but with a typical restrictive pattern of diastolic filling. Myocardial imaging was performed 4 hours after an intravenous dose of 740 MBq of Tc-99m (V) DMSA. The scans obtained in the 45° and 70° left anterior oblique and anterior views showed a marked and homogeneous accumulation of Tc-99m (V) DMSA in the left ventricular walls with the left ventricular cavity clearly visualized as a central cold area.