jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hemoglobinopathies in the Neonate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hemoglobinopathies in neonates constitute a group of disorders influenced by genetic mutations in the human globin genes. They are often broadly categorized into quantitative defects or qualitative defects, though they are not mutually exclusive. In quantitative defects, the mutation causes insufficient production of a normal globin chain, which can range from no production to mild deficiency. These are typically referred to as thalassemias. In qualitative defects, the structure of the hemoglobin is altered. The most common structural hemoglobinopathy is sickle cell disease. During fetal development, distinct globin chains are synthesized, which undergo a progressive switch to adult globin chains perinatally. This affects the timing of the clinical presentation of these disorders and thus, our ability to diagnose them. In this review, we focus on the epidemiology, genetic causes, clinical presentation, and general overview and management of common hemoglobin disorders that may be encountered in the neonatal period.
Micromachined Tunable Dielectric Resonators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

-Micromachined dielectric resonators (DR) and cavity filters are used in microwave technology. For many applications the resonance frequency of the DR must have a small degree of tunablity, to cope with drifts of different origins. Tuning can be obtained electrically or mechanically. Mechanical tuning is based on a movable metal plate placed above the resonator puck. In this work we report about the implementation of mechanical tuning in a DR by means of MEMS technology. High resistivity silicon-based, cylindrical dielectric resonators have been fabricated using micromachining techniques. Depending on the dimensions and on the excited mode, resonance frequencies are in the range of 25~50GHz. In order to obtain frequency tuning, a membrane has been fabricated and coupled to the DR as the tuning element. Membranes are made of low stress SiN and are covered with a metal layer. Preliminary measurements applied to a high resistivity silicon DR indicate that by applying a pressure of 500Pa, a tuning range of 0.6% can be achieved.
Application of Ferromagnetic Microwires as Temperature Sensors in Measurements of Thermal Conductivity

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A method for the determination of the thermal conductivity of polymer composite materials by using Co-based ferromagnetic microwires is proposed. Microwire segments were integrated into the samples of studied materials during their manufacture and used as current microheaters and resistance thermometers. As a representative material, we used a material based on nitrile butadiene rubber filled with hexagonal boron nitride after its low-temperature carbonization and a significant increase in thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity values of composite samples determined during experiments varied from 1.0 W/(m·K) to 1.8 W/(m·K) depending on the percentage of boron nitride. The thermal conductivity values obtained are in good agreement with the estimates obtained by the standard laser flash method.
Cross-sensitivity of behavioral adverse effects of perampanel and levetiracetam. (P3.5-003)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

May 7, 2019April 9, 2019Free AccessCross-sensitivity of behavioral adverse effects of perampanel and levetiracetam. (P3.5-003)Hatem Tolba, Lawrence Hirsch, Kamil Detyniecki, Jennifer Bonito, and Hamada AltalibAuthors Info & AffiliationsApril 9, 2019 issue92 (15_supplement)https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.92.15_supplement.P3.5-003 Letters to the Editor
Enhancing synaptic plasticity and cellular resilience to develop novel, improved treatments for mood disorders.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

There is mounting evidence that recurrent mood disorders - once considered "good prognosis diseases"- are, in fact, often very severe and life-threatening illnesses. Furthermore, although mood disorders have traditionally been conceptualized as neurochemical disorders, there is now evidence from a variety of sources demonstrating regional reductions in central nervous system (CNS) volume, as well as reductions in the numbers and/or sizes ofglia and neurons in discrete brain areas. Although the precise cellular mechanisms underlying these morphometric changes remain to be fully elucidated, the data suggest that mood disorders are associated with impairments of synaptic plasticity and cellular resilience. In this context, it is noteworthy that there is increasing preclinical evidence that antidepressants regulate the function of the glutamatergic system. Moreover, although clearly preliminary, the available clinical data suggest that attenuation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) function has antidepressant effects. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown that signaling pathways involved in regulating cell survival and cell death are long-term targets for the actions of antidepressant agents. Antidepressants and mood stabilizers indirectly regulate a number of factors involved in cell survival pathways, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the antiapoptotic protein bcl-2, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, and may thus bring about some of their delayed long-term beneficial effects via underappreciated neurotrophic effects. There is much promise for the future development of treatments that more directly target molecules in critical CNS signaling pathways regulating synaptic plasticity and cellular resilience. These will represent improved long-term treatments for mood disorders.
Immediate Effects of a Single Session of Motor Skill Training on the Lumbar Movement Pattern During a Functional Activity in People With Low Back Pain: A Repeated-Measures Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background People with low back pain (LBP) may display an altered lumbar movement pattern of early lumbar motion compared to people with healthy backs. Modifying this movement pattern during a clinical test decreases pain. It is unknown whether similar effects would be seen during a functional activity. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the lumbar movement patterns before and after motor skill training, effects on pain, and characteristics that influenced the ability to modify movement patterns. Design The design consisted of a repeated-measures study examining early-phase lumbar excursion in people with LBP during a functional activity test. Methods Twenty-six people with chronic LBP received motor skill training, and 16 people with healthy backs were recruited as a reference standard. Twenty minutes of motor skill training to decrease early-phase lumbar excursion during the performance of a functional activity were used as a treatment intervention. Early-phase lumbar excursion was measured before and after training. Participants verbally reported increased pain, decreased pain, or no change in pain during performance of the functional activity test movement in relation to their baseline pain. The characteristics of people with LBP that influenced the ability to decrease early-phase lumbar excursion were examined. Results People with LBP displayed greater early-phase lumbar excursion before training than people with healthy backs (LBP: mean = 11.2°, 95% CI = 9.3°–13.1°; healthy backs: mean = 7.1°, 95% CI = 5.8°–8.4°). Following training, the LBP group showed a decrease in the amount of early-phase lumbar excursion (mean change = 4.1°, 95% CI = 2.4°–5.8°); 91% of people with LBP reported that their pain decreased from baseline following training. The longer the duration of LBP (β = − 0.22) and the more early-phase lumbar excursion before training (β = − 0.82), the greater the change in early-phase lumbar excursion following training. Limitations The long-term implications of modifying the movement pattern and whether the decrease in pain attained was clinically significant are unknown. Conclusions People with LBP were able to modify their lumbar movement pattern and decrease their pain with the movement pattern within a single session of motor skill training.
Energy Recovery from Automobile Suspension Vibration: A Comparative Study

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Automotive suspension systems limit vehicle mobility, so any improvement or increase in mobility is the result of optimizing the suspension system. Therefore, its principal function is to improve the overall mobility of the car and to beware of the passenger's comfort. Currently, most commercial vehicles have passive suspension systems designed to operate under certain predefined terrain conditions, dissipating mechanical energy from vibrations in the form of heat. In the current global context, where energy resources are becoming increasingly scarce, it is necessary to harness wasted energy in other processes. This includes suspension systems that use traditional hydraulic shock absorbers. Several research studies have proposed the inclusion of regenerative shock absorbers (RSAs) to harness vibrational energy and store it for later uses. This work aims to make a comparison between the different solutions for RSAs. Also, verify if any RSA solution is available in commercial vehicles and, if not, establish the necessary key points to start commercial implementation.
11039 Indiana CTSI High-School STEM Summer Research Program: Future opportunities from a 2020 virtual program

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT IMPACT: o The Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute K-12 STEM Outreach Program’s pivoted to a virtual program in summer 2020 which yielded novel approaches that could be retained in future years to extend the reach/impact of our pipeline program. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: o Provide students with a meaningful and safe research experience during the COVID Pandemic. o Develop new modules and approaches that could be delivered virtually. o Engage students from communities that were not possible in previous years when in person meetings were required. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: o The program has historically supported over 100 high school students per year in a summer research internship for the last 5 years. Students are placed with academic research mentors in various Schools and Departments across the IUPUI campus, and also with industry laboratories. o COVID-related restrictions required development of 100% virtual program. Key aspects of the virtual program included: cohort-based research mentor assignments with 1-4 mentees matched per research mentor, research projects that could be conducted virtually, heavy engagement of high-school teachers to facilitate the research experience with cohorts of mentees, a more rigorous virtual seminar series that included new modules such as COVID-specific programming and thus enhancing public education about COVID. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: o The program served 130 students in summer 2020. o We were able to recruit new faculty and industry mentors involved in data science research. As a result, we have now increased our mentor pool to serve more students in the future. o Because student participation was virtual, we were able to accept students from further distances (up to 120 miles away) across the state. We were also able to accept local economically disadvantaged students that may have not been able to participate because of lack of reliable transportation. o A positive unanticipated outcome was that mentees relationships with the mentors was established virtually thus increasing the potential for students to remain engaged in their research. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: o Adapting to a virtual platform provided research experience to high school students during a time when traditional approaches were not possible. Given some research experiences do not require in-person activities, this newly established model could be used moving forward to allow more statewide engagement in research experiences.
Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) for the treatment of malaria, leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A photodynamic effect occurs when photosensitiser molecules absorb light and dissipate the absorbed energy by transferring it to biological acceptors (usually oxygen), generating an excess of reactive species that are able to force cells into death pathways. Several tropical diseases present physiopathological aspects that are accessible to the application of a photosensitiser and local illumination. In addition, disease may be transmitted through infected blood donations, and many of the aetiological agents associated with tropical diseases have been shown to be susceptible to the photodynamic approach. However, there has been no systematic investigation of the application of photoantimicrobial agents in the various presentations, whether to human disease or to the disinfection of blood products or even as photo-insecticides. We aim in this review to report the advances in the photoantimicrobial approach that are beneficial to the field of anti-parasite therapy and also have the potential to facilitate the development of low-cost/high-efficiency protocols for underserved populations.
A qualitative investigation of the hearing and hearing-aid related emotional states experienced by adults with hearing loss

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study goes beyond previous literature by providing a more detailed insight into emotions related to hearing and hearing-aids in adults. Hearing loss causes a multitude of negative emotions, while hearing aids generally reduce negative emotions and allow for more positive emotions. However, factors such as lifestyle, personality, situational control, the relationship with those in conversation and the attribution of blame are key to individual emotional experience. Clinical implications include the important role of social relationships in assessment and counselling.
Why advertise the obvious? Learning outcomes from analyzing advertisements for recruitment of Swedish IS/IT project managers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

When Swedish employers advertise for IS/IT project managers they tend to list almost obvious qualification requirements instead of describing those that are unique for their companies’ competitiveness, or more precisely, instead of expressing those that really matters. The research behind this paper studied job advertisements during four years (2010–2013). The findings point to an inadequate ability to understand and/or express the requirements that should be decisive for the appointment in order to grasp the essence of what the job actually involves, which brings on problems for both the applicants and the employers. The practical implications of the study pursue a need for employers to stop advertising mostly general requirements for the benefit of more specified ones, that take the sector’s, the organization’s and the project’s requirements into consideration. By doing so, the prospect applicants have a better opportunity to understand what a certain job entails and the employers have a better chance to appoint the right individual. The research implications point to a need for acknowledging, and set about solving, problems concerning qualification requirements in advertisements for IS/IT project managers.
No association between dietary acrylamide and renal cell carcinoma: an updated meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND The relationship between dietary acrylamide intake and renal cell carcinoma risk is inconclusive. In consideration of the recent findings, we conducted an updated meta‐analysis to assess the association between acrylamide intake and renal cell carcinoma risk. RESULTS PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases have been used to identify epidemiological studies on dietary acrylamide intake and renal cell carcinoma risk. This meta‐analysis study included eight studies, 2843 cases, and 309 920 controls/participants. We performed meta‐analyses to calculate the summary relative risk (RR) for the highest versus lowest intake of dietary acrylamide. No meaningful association was found for renal cell carcinoma; RR was 1.12 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97–1.28). Among participants who never smoked, no association was found between dietary acrylamide and renal cell carcinoma; the RR for highest versus lowest intake of dietary acrylamide was 1.11 (95% CI: 0.93–1.32). CONCLUSION This meta‐analysis study indicates that dietary acrylamide is not related to the risk of renal cell carcinoma. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Wittgenstein and artificial intelligence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Recent studies of Wittgenstein's later writing have made clear that they stand as a defence of two main ideas: that scepticism about the possibility of interpersonal discussions about our subjective feelings is misplaced and, as a seemingly startling corollary; that a mind state account of most 'mental activities' is incoherent. This leads to a great emphasis on skills and practices which, a fortiori, are definable only relationally, by reference to targets. In this paper I try to show that the 'computer' analogue for the mind f ails on both of Wittgenstein's dimensions. There are no physiognomic language games in the computer centre, while the 'target' aspect of skill and practice concepts ties them in to a wholly human world.
Valuing the Changes in Herbicide Risks Resulting from Adoption of Roundup Ready Soybeans by U.S. Farmers: A Revealed-Preference Approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A revealed-preference–based approach is proposed for valuation of the environmental and human impacts of pesticides. It is assumed that farmers reveal their willingness to pay for improved pesticide safety by selecting a specific product out of the set of available alternatives based on their costs, effectiveness, and safety. The approach is applied to estimate the welfare impact of changed patterns of herbicide use on Roundup Ready soybeans. The results indicate that farmers associate positive values with safety improvements. The aggregate welfare impact of the reduced risk for the U.S. soybean farmers was estimated to be $90.3 million in 2001.
The Twenty Factors that Made Teledermatology Consultation a Matured Application: A Systematic Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Systematic reviews on various factors that favor teledermatology consultation (TC) are reported. Meta-analysis is available. TC gained momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the factors may help in planning and implementation of TC. Objective: To identify, classify, and analyze the various factors contributed to the growth of TC. Materials and Methods: The factors that have a positive influence on TC were noted. Seven academic databases (Cochrane, Pub Med, Medline, Science Direct, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) were searched with the keyword “TELEDERMATOLOGY.” Systematic review and meta-analysis (1998–2021) investigating on various factors were chosen. However, only feasibility studies were examined and analyzed for those factors (sub-specialty TC application) where nonavailability of systematic review or meta-analysis. They were categorized with respect to factors related to (a) Technology platform, (b) Patient and (c) Physician interaction. They included the diagnostic accuracy and concordance, management accuracy and concordance, measures of time (waiting times, delay to diagnosis, and barriers to implementation, technology tools, patient–physician willingness, and satisfaction). Results: Total 1053 articles were screened. A total of 36 systematic reviews, 3 meta-analyses, and 13 feasibility studies identified twenty factors responsible for the growth and development of TC. There were 17 factors confirmed by systematic review and meta-analysis and 3 factors identified by 13 feasibility studies. Information technology-5 factors, role of dermatologist and patient 11 and 2 factors respectively were identified. COVID-19 pandemic and framing TC guidelines emerged as 2 independent factors. Conclusion: The constellation of twenty factors identified, classified and analyzed, confirms TC is a matured application to deliver dermatology care. Recommendation: Health-care providers and policymakers can consider these factors in planning and implementation.
Malaysian Journal of Medical Research

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Malaysian Journal of Medical Research (MJMR) is an international, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary, quarterly, journal published by Lincoln University College, Asia Pacific Higher Learning Sdn Bhd. MJMR provides an opening for research scientists in areas of Health Sciences. MJMR is an open access, online, double blind peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide research and applications related to all the health sciences in the fields of Medicine, Biology, Dentistry, Medical Education, Physiotherapy, Pharmacy, and Nursing. Our objective is to encourage new research ideas and promote practical application from the research findings. The journal publishes original research, review articles, case reports of such high quality as to attract contributions from the relevant international communities.
The Influence of Sir Richard Knolles' Generall Historie of the Turkes on Lord Byron's "Oriental Tales."

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study constitutes an attempt to determine what the nature of Knolles' influence upon Byron was, particularly as that influence might be shown in "The Oriental Tales." As such, the investigation is probably the first to deal in any detail with this subject, and one of the few devoted to the influence of Byron's reading on his poetry.
Bayesian prediction for two-parameter weibull lifetime models

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Prediction methods for the two-parameter Weibull distribution are computationally complicated. This paper shows how an approximate Bayesian method can be used to simplify the computation and presents a simpler alternative for computing prediction bounds derived classically by Lawless (1973). Keywords: Weibull lifetimescensored sampleorder statisticsprior distributionpredictive distributionapproximate bayes
Geometrically nonlinear analysis of composite laminates using a refined shear deformation shell theory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The theory is based on an assumed displacement field, in which the surface displacements are expanded in powers of the thickness coordinate up to the third order. The theory allows parabolic description of the transverse shear stresses, and therefore the shear correction factors of the usual shear deformation theory are not required in the present theory. The theory accounts for small strains but moderately large displacements (i.e., von Karman strains). Exact solutions for certain cross-ply shells and finite-element models of the theory are also developed. The finite-element model is based on independent approximations of the displacements and bending moments (i.e., mixed formulation), and therefore only C°-approximations are required. Further, the mixed variational formulations developed herein suggest that the bending moments can be interpolated using discontinuous approximations (across inter-element boundaries). The finite element is used to analyze cross-ply and angle-ply laminated shells for bending, vibration, and transient response. Numerical results are presented to show the effects of boundary conditions, lamination scheme (i.e., bending-stretching coupling and material anisotropy) shear deformation, and geometric nonlinearity on deflections and frequencies. Many of the numerical results presented here for laminated shells should serve as references for future investigations.