jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Inaugural Meeting of the International Society of Tropical Dermatology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Inaugural Meeting of the International Society of Tropical Dermatology was held on May 10, 1960, at the Caspary Hall of the Rockefeller Institute in New York. Over 230 persons attended, including several Federal and State representatives, members of the diplomatic corps, and numerous members of foreign countries. After a brief opening, Dr. Rene Dubos welcomed the assembly on behalf of Dr. Detlew Bronk, President of the Institute, emphasizing the importance of the new organization and expressing his gratification that the seat of the Inaugural Meeting was the Rockefeller Institute, more especially, since Professor Aldo Castellani began his career in the field of tropical medicine at the same time that the Rockefeller Institute was founded. "Elephantiasis Tropica and Elephantiasis Nostra" was the topic of Professor Castellani's Presidential Address. Many decades of experience, both in the tropics and temperate zones (England, Italy, Scotland, and Switzerland) were presented. Emphasis was placed upon
Understanding the Advice of Commissions-Motivated Agents: Evidence from the Indian Life Insurance Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We conduct a series of field experiments to evaluate the quality of advice provided by life insurance agents in India. Agents overwhelmingly recommend unsuitable, strictly dominated products, which provide high commissions to the agent. Agents cater to the beliefs of uninformed consumers, even when those beliefs are wrong. We also find that agents appear to focus on maximizing the amount of premiums (and therefore commissions) that customers pay, as opposed to focusing on how much insurance coverage customers need. A natural experiment requiring disclosure of commissions for a specific product results in agents recommending alternative products with high commissions but no disclosure requirement. A follow-up agent survey sheds light on the extent to which poor advice reflects both the commission incentives as well as agents' limited product knowledge.
TÜRKİYE’DE YOKSULLUK SORUNU VE KAMU SOSYAL TRANSFER HARCAMALARININ YOKSULLUĞA ETKİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Yoksulluk günümüzde çözülmesi gereken öncelikli sorunlardan biri olmuştur. Ekonomik olduğu kadar sosyal ve manevi nitelikteki ihtiyaçları da kapsadığı için, hem ekonomik hem de sosyolojik bir olgu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada çok boyutlu, göreceli bir kavram olan yoksulluk kavramlarına, yoksullukla mücadeleye yönelik yaklaşımlara değinilmiş ve kamu sosyal transfer harcamalarının fertlerin işteki durumlarına göre yoksulluk oranlarını azaltıcı etkileri arasındaki ilişki kurulan ekonometrik modelle analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizde fertlerin işteki duruma göre yoksulluk oranının en yüksek olduğu kesimin yevmiyeli çalışanlarla ücretsiz aile işçisi olarak çalışanlar olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.
New Compounds. Crotyl Malonate, Methylvinylcarbinyl Malonate and Cinnamyl Cyanoacetate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Compounds. Crotyl Malonate, Methylvinylcarbinyl Malonate and Cinnamyl CyanoacetateWalter Kimel and Arthur CopeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 9, 1613–1614Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1944Publication History Published online13 November 2002Published inissue 1 September 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01237a602https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01237a602research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bare vs. Effective Fixed Point Action in Asymptotic Safety: The Reconstruction Problem

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We propose a method for the (re)-construction of a regularized functional integral, well defined in the ultraviolet limit, from a solution of the functional renormalization group equation of the effective average action. The functional integral is required to reproduce this solution. The method is of particular interest for asymptotically safe theories. The bare action for the Einstein-Hilbert truncation of Quantum Einstein Gravity (QEG) is computed and its flow is analyzed. As a second example conformally reduced gravity is explored. Various conceptual issues related to the reconstruction problem are discussed.
Patients' Information After Myocardial Infarction As Regard Risk Factors Of Coronary Heart Disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the main representative of cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of death and morbidity around the world. The information of patients throughout educational programmes is necessary, whilst it plays an important role in lifestyle modification and psychological support. Aim: The aim of this review was to explore the importance of information of patients with myocardial infarction with regard to risk factors of coronary heart disease. Material-Method: Source data were obtained from a PubMed and Google Scholar search of the medical literature. A time limited criteria was applied with respect to the publication of articles (articles published in the last 15 years). Fifty one articles were found but only thirteen met the criteria for participation in the review. Results: According to the results of studies, the information of patients, education, consulting for lifestyle modification, compliance of medication and increased of physical activity contribute to improvement quality of their lives. Conclusions: Secondary prevention with implementation of the cardiac rehabilitation programmes offers the right education and information to patients with CHD. Also there is reduction of cost-effectiveness because cardiac rehabilitation improves prognosis of disease and recurrences.
Additional file 1 of Deciphering the Genetic Basis of Allelopathy in japonica Rice Cultivated in Temperate Regions Using a Genome-Wide Association Study

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Additional file 1. Fig. S1: Rice sterilized seeds by immersion in a 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 30 min on the first day. The seeds were placed equidistantly in Petri dishes containing a layer of perlite and 20 ml MES 1 mM, pH 6.0. On the fourth day, batches comprising 16 accessions were placed in a plastic box shielded with a transparent plastic cover and incubated in a growth chamber. On the same day, sterilized barnyardgrass seeds were germinated in Petri dishes and incubated in a growth chamber. On the seventh day, barnyardgrass seedlings showing 6–8 mm root were equidistantly placed in small holes in the perlite layer. As a control, barnyardgrass seedlings were incubated in the absence of rice. All plates were incubated for an additional week. On the fifteenth day, root length of rice and barnyardgrass plants (from co-cultured and control plates) was measured.
Rational Design of Regulators of Programmed Cell Death in Human Breast Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract : The BH3 motif of the pro-survival family of proteins, BCL, is also present in pro-apoptotic proteins like BID and BAX. Homo and hetero-oligomerization interactions of the BH3 motif are generally recognized as the critical component of their apoptotic activities. In full length BID, the putative hydrophobic binding surface of its BH3 motif is substantially occluded by intramolecular contacts, many of which are removed on BID's transformation to tBID by cleavage with caspase 8, required for tBID s proapoptotic action on mitochondria, thereby releasing cytochrome c. As a step to more complete characterization of the hetero-oligomeric complexes of BID and BCL family molecules, we report here the formation of a tight complex of the BH3 motif sequence of BID with BCL-XL. In contrast to the previously reported of BAK BH3 motif with BCL-XL,the BID BH3 peptide (PDSESQEEIMHNIARKLAQIGDDI) forms an -helix significantly extended to the N-terminus, as monitored by 15N {1H} nOe determination, and by 13C chemical shifts. Modeling the BID BH3 motif/ BCL-XL on the basis of the previous structure shows the extended helix well fitted to an extended cavity in BCL-XL. Mutagenesis of the peptide and of BCL-XL on the basis of this model identified the key residues in the BH3 motif, but suggests that some conformational flexibility is likely in the BCL surface.
Evaluation of wind-induced lodging risk for maize cultivar based on GIS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lodging in maize causes severe yield loss annually. In this study, a total of 687 growing counties in or near Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China were chosen as study area. First, cultivar lodging resistance was determined based on frequency distribution analysis using the data of national regional trials for maize cultivar in recent 9 years. Then, environment lodging stress was assessed based on probability analysis of extreme wind event in maize vegetative stage using meteorology data in recent 59 years. Last, lodging risk was evaluated combining cultivar lodging resistance with local environment lodging stress. Cultivars NH1101 and Xianyu 335 were taken as examples and the results analyzed with GIS indicated that lodging risk related not only to local environment lodging stress but also to cultivar lodging resistance. It can facilitate the identification of high-risk growing environments so as to reduce the risk and loss of lodging in maize.
How the bereaved behave: a cross-cultural study of emotional display behaviours and rules

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Cultural norms may dictate how grief is displayed. The present study explores the display behaviours and rules in the bereavement context from a cross-cultural perspective. 86 German-speaking Swiss and 99 Chinese bereaved people who lost their first-degree relative completed the adapted bereavement version of the Display Rules Assessment Inventory. Results indicated that the German-speaking Swiss bereaved displayed more emotions than the Chinese bereaved. The Chinese bereaved, but not the German-speaking Swiss bereaved, thought that bereaved people should display more emotions than they actually did when they were with their close others (but not when they were alone). Bereaved people endorsed more emotional expression "when alone" than "when with close others", demonstrating a social disconnection tendency, which was more evident in the Chinese sample. Bereaved people endorsed more expression of positive emotions (e.g. affection/love) and less expression of powerful negative emotions (e.g. blame/guilt, anger) across cultures. Compared to their Chinese counterparts, the German-speaking Swiss sample indicated more actual expressions for most emotion types (i.e. joy/happiness, affection/love, sadness, anger, and denial) but thought bereaved people should express more joy/happiness and less blame/guilt. The results suggest that bereaved people's display behaviours and rules are influenced by culture, situation, and type of emotion.
Predictive factors for the effect of perioperative FOLFOX for resectable liver metastasis in colorectal cancer patients (EORTC phase III study 40983).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

3544 Background: EORTC study 40983 showed that perioperative FOLFOX increased progression-free survival (PFS) compared to surgery alone for patients with initially 1-4 resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer. We now analysed possible prognostic and predictive baseline factors to identify factors associated with the effect of perioperative FOLFOX on PFS. Methods: Well-known baseline clinical prognostic factors from 342 eligible patients (171 in each arm) were first screened for their prognostic value and then for their predictive value for PFS using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The analysis was based on 240 events. Collett's model selection approach with a significance level of 0.1 was used to build up multivariate models. Internal validation was performed by bootstrap resampling. Results: After adjustment for identified prognostic factors, moderately elevated CEA (5-30 ng/ml) and highly elevated CEA (> 30 ng/mL) were both predictive factors for the benefit of perioperative chemotherapy (p = 0.06 and 0.03 respectively for the interaction terms; HR = 0.58 and HR = 0.51 for the treatment benefit). Patients with a normal CEA did not benefit from perioperative therapy. Patients with 1 metastatic tumor had the same benefit of perioperative therapy as patients with > 1 tumor (HR = 0.98 for the interaction term). Performance status (PS) 0 was a predictive factor for the benefit of perioperative chemotherapy (p = 0.04; HR = 0.61), whereas patients with PS 1-2 (only 3 patients with PS 2) seemed to have a detrimental effect of perioperative therapy (HR = 1.21). There was a benefit for patients with largest tumor diameter both ≤ 3 cm and > 3 cm (HR = 0.88 and HR = 0.58). Neither prior adjuvant 5FU nor location of primary was a predictive factor. For patients with PS 0 and elevated CEA (> 5 ng/mL) the 3-year PFS was 35% with perioperative chemotherapy compared to 19% with surgery alone. Conclusions: Perioperative FOLFOX is of particular benefit for patients with resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer when CEA is elevated or when performance status is good (PS 0). Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration sanofi-aventis sanofi-aventis sanofi-aventis
8-State SRAMS Based on Cladded GE Quantum Dot Gate FETS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the fabrication of quantum dot gate (QDG) [Formula: see text]-FETs using GeOx-cladded Ge quantum dot self-assembled on tunnel gate oxide. Experimental I–V characteristics exhibiting 4-states are presented. Simulations are presented for the operation of a viable 8-state SRAM using QDG-FETs.
Globalisation and its impact on wage structure in Singapore.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The issue of income disparity has been a widely debatable issue in the last few decades and this problem of inequalities is not only evident between countries, but also within countries, with negative consequences on jobs and wages. Some have attributed it to globalization. This paper examines the impact of changes in globalization, in particular to foreign labour, foreign direct investment and trade openness on the income inequality in Singapore and further looks into the impact of the explanatory variables into each individual industry. From the regression, the impact of globalization on income inequality on the general economy is inconclusive and this could be due to the offsetting effects among the respective industries and in the second part of our report, we zoomed in our investigation to see if the relationship between globalization and income inequality can be specifically explained by each of the main industries in Singapore. The results showed that the two industries that have been most affected by globalization are the manufacturing and construction. For transport, storage and communications industry, there is no clear conclusive evidence and thus we could not conclude a meaningful relationship between globalization and income inequality.
New Perspective on the Determination of the Number of Japanese Patients in Multiregional Clinical Trials

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Through Method 1, the Japanese government wants to acquire a sufficient number of Japanese subjects to determine whether the effect of the test treatment is consistent between Japanese and non-Japanese.However, the Japanese government did not provide clear parameter-based criteria regarding the consistency of the effect of the test treatment between Japanese and non-Japanese.Thus, the goal of the evaluation by Method 1 remains unclear.Currently, it is impossible to interpret Method 1 within a traditional statistical framework.Thus, the purpose of this paper is to propose a new perspective on Method 1 within a traditional statistical framework.To do this, the paper proceeds as follows.First, we propose clear parameter-based criteria for the claim that the effects of the test treatment are consistent between Japanese and non-Japanese.Second, we treat Method 1 as an exploratory hypothesis testing for the claim that the effects of the test treatment are consistent between Japanese and non-Japanese.Third, we discuss the benefits of accepting Method 1 as a means of exploratory hypothesis testing.If the proposal in this paper is accepted, it will become possible to study the pros and cons of Method 1, to suggest a better method, and to compare the statistical properties of Method 1 with those of other methods.
Anatomical Properties and Utilization of 3-, 5-, and 7-yr-old Falcata [Falcataria moluccana (Miq.)] Barneby & J. W. Grimes] from Caraga Region, Mindanao Philippines

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The anatomical properties – namely, fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter, cell wall thickness, vessel length, and width – of young (3-, 5-, and 7-yr-old) Falcataria molucanna (Miq.) Barneby & J. W. Grimes from Caraga Region, Philippines were evaluated to determine the variations among ages between and among trees, tree height, and their derived values as well, henceforth as a basis in recommending the potential of the species for various enduses. Three trees per age of known seed origin were collected and used as materials. FPRDI standard procedures for determining anatomical properties were followed. Data were analyzed using three-factorial in complete randomized design (CRD) and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test was used to determine significant differences among treatment means. Except for cell wall thickness, the variations in anatomical properties among age and tree were highly significant but not significant among height levels. Fiber diameter and lumen diameter increased as the trees aged. The cell wall was very thin with mean values of 0.0033 mm (3-yr-old), 0.0032 mm (5-yr-old), and 0.0031 mm (7-yr-old). Vessel length and width decreased from 3- to 5-yr-old and increased at 7-yr-old. Fiber length’s mean values increased from near pith (NP), middle (M), to near bark (NB) at all three ages and height levels except in the 3-yr middle (1.1665, 1.2032, and 1.1541 mm) and 7-yr butt (1.1541, 1.2326, and 1.2009 mm). Other anatomical properties at three ages showed no consistent trend of variations from NP to NB. The potential uses of younger falcata based on their anatomical properties were for pulp and paper, veneer, and light construction applications where strength and durability are not important.
Autonomous Parvoviruses neither Stimulate nor Are Inhibited by the Type I Interferon Response in Human Normal or Cancer Cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Members of the genus Parvovirus are small, nonenveloped single-stranded DNA viruses that are nonpathogenic in humans but have potential utility as cancer therapeutics. Because the innate immune response to parvoviruses has received relatively little attention, we compared the response to parvoviruses to that of several other types of viruses in human cells. In normal human glia, fibroblasts, or melanocytes, vesicular stomatitis virus evoked robust beta interferon (IFN-β) responses. Cytomegalovirus, pseudorabies virus, and Sindbis virus all evoked a 2-log-unit or greater upregulation of IFN-β in glia; in contrast, LuIII and MVMp parvoviruses did not evoke a detectable IFN-β or interferon-stimulated gene (ISG; MX1, oligoadenylate synthetase [OAS], IFIT-1) response in the same cell types. The lack of response raised the question of whether parvoviral infection can be attenuated by IFN; interestingly, we found that IFN did not decrease parvovirus (MVMp, LuIII, and H-1) infectivity in normal human glia, fibroblasts, or melanocytes. The same was true in human cancers, including glioma, sarcoma, and melanoma. Similarly, IFN failed to attenuate transduction by the dependovirus vector adeno-associated virus type 2. Progeny production of parvoviruses was also unimpaired by IFN in both glioma and melanoma, whereas vesicular stomatitis virus replication was blocked. Sarcoma cells with upregulated IFN signaling that show high levels of resistance to other viruses showed strong infection by LuIII. Unlike many other oncolytic viruses, we found no evidence that impairment of innate immunity in cancer cells plays a role in the oncoselectivity of parvoviruses in human cells. Parvoviral resistance to the effects of IFN in cancer cells may constitute an advantage in the virotherapy of some tumors. IMPORTANCE Understanding the interactions between oncolytic viruses and the innate immune system will facilitate employing these viruses as therapeutic agents in cancer patients. The cancer-selective nature of some oncolytic viruses is based on the impaired innate immunity of many cancer cells. The parvoviruses H-1, LuIII, and MVM target cancer cells; however, their relationship with the innate immune system is relatively uncharacterized. Surprisingly, we found that these parvoviruses do not evoke an interferon response in normal human fibroblasts, glia, or melanocytes. Furthermore, unlike most other types of virus, we found that parvovirus infectivity is unaffected by interferon treatment of human normal or tumor cells. Finally, parvoviral replication was unimpaired by interferon in four human tumor types, including those with residual interferon functionality. We conclude that deficits in the interferon antiviral response of cancer cells do not contribute to parvoviral oncoselectivity in human cells. The interferon-resistant phenotype of parvoviruses may give them an advantage over interferon-sensitive oncolytic viruses in tumors showing residual interferon functionality.
Conclusions: the Variable Political and Legal Geography of People Smuggling and Trafficking in Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book began with a question about the intersection of administrative and criminal law as regards the treatment of foreigners. By looking at the field of trafficking and smuggling of people, it sought to understand how, in six EU Member States and at EU level itself, the casting of act of crossing borders as a criminal activity is taking place and how it is perceived. The concepts of smuggling and trafficking of persons can only be understood within a context of borders and border controls. In all Member States considered the crimes of smuggling and trafficking raise difficult questions both about perpetrators and victims. Trafficked persons are by and large defined in legislation of the states considered here as victims of crime of trafficking which includes an element of coercion and threat of violence. This concluding chapter gives an overview of the issues discussed in other chapters of the book. Keywords: criminal law; EU Member States; smuggling; trafficking