jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A note on cetacean distribution in the Indian EEZ and contiguous seas during 2003-07

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Relatively little is known about the distribution of cetaceans in Indian seas due to lack of systematic surveys. For collecting data on species distribution, 35 opportunistic surveys were conducted onboard FORV Sagar Sampada between October 2003 and February 2007 in the Indian EEZ and contiguous seas. In 5,254 hours of sighting effort, a total of 473 cetacean records were made with 5,865 individuals. The occurrence of 10 species from three cetacean families was confirmed. The Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin was the most frequently sighted species, whereas the spinner dolphin was dominant in terms of abundance. Long-beaked common dolphins, Indo-Pacific hump-backed dolphin and sperm whales were also recorded at frequent intervals. Cetaceans were found to have a wide geographical distribution in the Indian EEZ and contiguous seas. High abundance and species richness were recorded in the Southeastern Arabian Sea and southern Sri Lankan waters. From the information collected during the present study, the platform of opportunity has proved to be a useful means for cetacean survey.
CardiniumandWolbachiaare negatively correlated in the microbiome of various populations of stored product miteTyrophagus putrescentiae

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The microbiomes of several populations of Tyrophagus putrescentiae differ in the composition and profiles of intracellular symbiotic bacteria and gut-associated bacteria. We try to describe the interaction among symbiotic bacteria in T. putrescentiae microbiomes. The symbionts profiles were constructed by barcode sequencing of 16S DNA. Several TP populations were analyzed with respect to intracellular symbionts (Wolbachia, Cardinium, Solitalea-like, and Blattabacterium-like) and selected associated bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Bartonella-like) under different diet treatments (diet shifts). The results show two separate co-occurring groups. Wolbachia co-occurs with Blattabacterium, Bartonella, and Solitalea while Cardinium is distinctly separate. The rest of the microbiome including Bacillus cereus have more complex relationships with Wolbachia and Cardinium, suggesting more frequent horizontal transfers. The negative correlation between intracellular symbiotic bacteria Cardinium and Wolbachia is discussed in terms of within-host competition. The profile changes were analyzed to assess the effects of population, diet shifts and their interaction in terms of explained variability. The mite population explained highest variability in all bacterial species. Intracellular symbionts (Wolbachia and Cardinium) and proposed intracellular symbionts (Solitalea and Blattabacterium) show high stability, with variation being influenced mainly by the population. Bacillus cereus and Bartonella bacteria are influenced by diet shift supporting their presence in the gut lumen.
Evaluation in Oral Health Care in Brazil:: a review of the literature

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Health services evaluation can be considered as a means to promote continuous improvement of care, providing the user a quality service. Evaluation in oral health care has Chaves (1986) as one of the first to conceptualize, classify, and propose its application in Brazil. Since then, few initiatives were taken in that context, and there is still lack of studies in this area. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the evaluation of dental care in health services in Brazil, identifying the aspects that have been assessed. It was found great methodological diversity, most studies coming from academic research unrelated to the service, often devoid of value judgments for the evaluated object. The article highlights the necessity of conducting such studies with greater methodological accuracy and greater linkage to health services, so that their results can better contribute to the improvement of its quality in the country.
Control of charcoal rot fungus Macrophomina phaseolina by extracts of Datura metel

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Methanolic leaf and fruit extracts of Datura metel were found highly effective in suppressing against Macrophomina phaseolina, the cause of charcoal rot disease. These extracts were further subjected to successive fractionation with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. All the concentrations (3.125-200 mg mL⁻¹) of chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of leaf extract, and n-hexane fraction of fruit extract completely inhibited the target fungal growth. Two compounds A and B from the n-hexane fraction of fruit extract and compound C from n-butanol fraction of leaf extract were obtained by TLC. Compound B exhibited the best antifungal activity with an MIC value of 7.81 µg mL⁻¹ that was at par with that of commercial fungicide mancozeb (80% w/w). This study concludes that M. phaseolina can be effectively controlled by natural antifungal compounds in n-hexane fraction of methanolic fruit extract of D. metel.
[Two cases of lung abscesses successfully treated with percutaneous drainage].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report two cases of lung abscesses treated with percutaneous drainage. A 69-year-old man with diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital because of fever. Chest radiograph and chest CT scan demonstrated a lung abscess adjacent to the chest wall in right S10. Antibiotics did not achieve an adequate response. A drainage catheter was inserted percutaneously. We washed the abscess cavity daily using 1% povidone iodine saline. There was a clear improvement on the chest radiograph. A 74-year-old man with cerebral infarct was admitted to our hospital because of persistent cough and fever. Chest radiograph and chest CT scan demonstrated a lung abscess adjacent to the chest wall in left S10. Antibiotics did not achieve an adequate response. A drainage catheter was inserted percutaneously. We washed the abscess cavity daily using 1% povidone iodine saline. There was a clear improvement on the chest radiograph. We think that percutaneous drainage is a very useful method to treat lung abscesses in which antibiotics do not achieve an adequate response.
Multi-UAV Aerial Mission Intelligent Assignment Algorithm Based on LightGBM Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract With the development of UAV technology, UAVs have the advantages of convenience, speed, and small size. However, when faced with a complex task environment, some traditional artificial intelligence algorithms will significantly increase computation time, and the algorithms that perform better in time performance often fail to adapt to the type and number of random tasks to be assigned. In this paper, we combine the Hungarian algorithm with improving the LightGBM model, simulate the implementation in various task scenarios, and verify that the improved LightGBM model completes the intelligent assignment of multiple UAVs without increasing time cost compared to the classical algorithm through comparative analysis. It is shown that the improved LightGBM model has an average time of 26.39s for 10 runs, which is higher than 16.91s for NSGA-II and 14.73s for PESA, but lower than 46.92s for SPEA2 and 50.01s for SPGA2. For a non-real-time assignment system, a better mission intelligence assignment at a certain time cost scheme is more in line with the system’s performance requirements. Therefore, the improved LightGBM model in this paper can obtain better solutions than the other four algorithms in solving the multi-objective multi-UAV task intelligence assignment problem, and the solution set coverage is larger than several other algorithms. This indicates that the algorithm studied in this paper is feasible in solving the multi-objective multi-UAV task intelligence assignment problem, and it also has some reference significance for solving the multi-objective problem and improving the coverage of the multi-objective solution set.
Expression of HLA-G protein and gene in adenomyosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the expression of human leucocyte antigen-G(HLA-G) in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of adenomyosis(AM) for the immunological pathogenesis of AM.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining and nested RT-PCR were used to examine HLA-G protein and mRNA expression in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of thirty-six patients with AM and thirty normal women.Results:HLA-G protein and DNA were expressed significantly higher in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of AM than normal endometrium(P0.05);There was no obvious difference of HLA-G expression between eutopic and ectopic endometrium of AM(P0.05);HLA-G expression in glandular cells of eutopic endometrium was positively correlated with that in glandular cells of ectopic endometrium(r=0.948,P0.05);HLA-G expression in stromal cells of eutopic endometrium was positively correlated with that in stromal cells of ectopic endometrium(r=0.863,P0.05).Conclusion:HLA-G is highly expressed in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of AM,which may play certain role in the pathogenesis.Endometrium expressing HLA-G is more easily to escape from immune system destruction and successfully implant and grow in myometrium.
ChemInform Abstract: Prodrug Approaches to the Improved Delivery of Peptide Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[May-Hegglin's syndrome. Hereditary macrothrombocytopenia with inclusions in neutrophil granulocytes].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

May-Hegglin's anomaly is a rare, autosomally dominant inherited syndrome not previously described in Norway. We report two cases, sisters with characteristic light and electron microscopic inclusions in the granulocytes, thrombocytopenia and giant platelets. The relevant literature is briefly reviewed.
Membrane cholesterol access into a G-protein-coupled receptor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cholesterol is a key component of cell membranes with a proven modulatory role on the function and ligand-binding properties of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Crystal structures of prototypical GPCRs such as the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) have confirmed that cholesterol finds stable binding sites at the receptor surface suggesting an allosteric role of this lipid. Here we combine experimental and computational approaches to show that cholesterol can spontaneously enter the A2AR-binding pocket from the membrane milieu using the same portal gate previously suggested for opsin ligands. We confirm the presence of cholesterol inside the receptor by chemical modification of the A2AR interior in a biotinylation assay. Overall, we show that cholesterol’s impact on A2AR-binding affinity goes beyond pure allosteric modulation and unveils a new interaction mode between cholesterol and the A2AR that could potentially apply to other GPCRs.
Historical Perspectives on Ethnic Conflict in Central Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

IN THE DECADES FOLLOWING the Second World War the national question seemed, from a European perspective, to be declining in importance. In Western Europe, leaving aside isolated instances such as Northern Ireland and the Basque country, the question seemed to have reduced itself to the problem of the protection of minorities within states whose existing boundaries were fully accepted. In Eastern Europe, too, the treatment of ethnic minorities by the communist systems was not the chief cause for complaint against communism, and even questions of legality which were by no means settled, such as the political position of the Baltic states, did not play a dominant role in the Cold War. Particularly in Central Europe there was a shrinking from any contact with the kind of nationalism that seemed thoroughly discredited by the events surrounding the Second World War. It was under the patronage of the brutal power politics of National Socialism that the nationalist dreams of the Croats and the Slovaks were able to be briefly realized, causing extreme suffering and loss of life among the ethnic or religious minorities in those regions. There was therefore no question of a return to the frontiers as they had been at the end of the First World War, even for Austria and Hungary, which had both in different ways attempted to achieve a revision of the treaties of St. Germain and Trianon which followed that war. Thus
Gendered activism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the wide range of gendered identities within the British extreme right, past and present. It comments on the appeal of women to interwar fascist groups as an important corrective to those who see this movement as one only appealing to men. Women's roles were important in the National Front, British National Party and English Defence League as well. Masculinities are also important to consider, and the chapter examines how men can often feel a sense of frustration, while the extreme right space reflects these concerns and offers alternate male ideals to gravitate around, sometimes set in hypermasculine terms. Finally, it explores how gendered politics can be developed to express prejudices, such as the homonationalism that celebrates LGBTQ identities to frame Muslim communities as stereotypically illiberal.
A New Target Tracking Algorithm for the Automatic Programmable Film Reader.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) has a requirement to accurately determine the position and pitch attitude (V-angle) of missiles with respect to fiducials in a frame of visual information. This requirement is to effect the 'boresight correction,' i.e., the correction in angle to the mount encoder information for elevation and azimuth where the camera and associated optics are accurately positioned relative to the encoders. Since manual film reading is both relatively slow and quite tedious, a method for automatic film reading that is at least as accurate and as fast as manual reading would be a significant development for WSMR. During the past several years, a great deal of effort has been expended by WSMR to develop such a film reader, the end result being the development of the Automatic Programmable Film Reader.
Animal-Assisted Therapy: Role of Animals as a Therapeutic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Animal assisted therapy is a role in which animal is getting the healing tool to assist a person. A therapist who takes along a pet may be reckoned as being less threatening, increasing the rapport between patient and therapist. Therapy involving animals was first employed in therapy by doctors. AAT is a goal-directed intervention in which an animal that matches specific criteria is an inbuilt component of the discussion procedure. Animals can be incorporated into a variety of programs. People with a different of disorders can benefit from animal-assisted therapy, including: autism spectrum disorders, addiction Keywords: Animal assisted therapy, therapy, interaction, technology, goal Cite this Article Kanti Raje, Sadhana Ojha, Lokesha E, et al. Animal-Assisted Therapy: Role of Animals as a Therapeutic. Research & Reviews: Journal of Dairy Science and Technology . 2018; 7(1): 18–21p.
Stringent limits on the existence of Planck time from stellar interferometry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a method of directly testing whether time is `grainy' on scales of <= t_P = (hbar G/c^5)^0.5 ~ 5.4E-44 s, the Planck time. If the phenomenon exists, the energy and momentum of a photon (quantities which are independently measured) will be subject to ultimate uncertainties of the form dE/E ~ dp/p ~ (E/E_P)^a, where E=h/t_P and a~1, because surpassing these will lead to `super-clocks' and `super-rulers'. A well-known consequence is random perturbation of the photon dispersion equation by a correction term which to lowest order modifies the equation to the form p^2 = E^2[1 +/- a_o(E/E_P)^a], where a_o ~ 1 and c=1. As a result, the two wave velocities will fluctuate by different amounts, so that after propagating a sufficiently large distance the phase of the radiation will no longer be well-defined. Now, at optical frequencies, the technique of stellar interferometry readily ascertains whether light from an astronomical object retains is phase information upon arrival. Currently the furthest star from which interference fringes were seen, S Ser, is at ~ 1 kpc, implying that all models with a <= 13/15 are to be rejected. The decisive step, of course, is to test the presence or not of the first order term E/E_P itself (i.e. a=1); for this one must await the imminent observations of extra-galactic sources at > 1 Mpc by the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (the VLTI). Based upon the S Ser result, nonetheless, it is already possible to conclude that there is no first order departure from exactness in time over intervals ~ 4.2E-40 s (~10^4 times longer than the Planck time).
[Tritanopia and dominantly inherited optic atrophy (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The clinical picture of hereditary dominant optic atrophy is described and the particular importance of the concomitant tritan dyschromatopsia is stressed. Most cases of tritanopia are acquired, congenital ones are rare. Wright has studied 17 tritanopes - the greatest series ever reported. A full analysis of colour vision is given, but no detailed information about other visual functions and the condition of the fundi. As single members of families affected by cominantly inherited optic atrophy show typical tritanopia, a visual acuity of 6/8 and hardly any pallor of their disks, it is possible that such isolated cases are regarded wrongly as congenital tritanopes.
Domestic and family violence protection orders in Australia: an investigation of information sharing and enforcement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This state of knowledge paper investigates the enforcement and information sharing of domestic and family violence protection orders (DVPOs) in Australia. It examines current knowledge on the enforcement of DVPOs in Australia; including underpinning legislation and the perspectives of victims and their advocates, police and magistrates and lawyers. The paper also presents the existing knowledge on information sharing related to protection orders, within and across agencies and across state borders. The paper finds that for victims and their advocates, police and judicial decision-making and their experiences of government systems have a lasting impact on their lives. The consequences of ineffective responses can be frustrating, disempowering and potentially lead to lethal consequences. Research indicates that policing is pivotal in the enforcement of protection orders. Innovative police practice showed the willingness of some police sections to improve effectiveness, victim safety and perpetrator accountability, but there are some concerns on knowledge of the dynamics of domestic violence. On the role of judicial officers and the legal profession, research indicated there are still concerning attitudes of gender bias towards victims and offenders. Victims felt disempowered when they felt they were not believed by the legal system. Information sharing and interagency cooperation can improve the effective enforcement of protection orders, but only where there is a commitment by professionals to support and actively promote cooperation. Understanding and improving risk and safety in domestic violence in important in supporting and improving the enforcement of protection orders. A lack of understanding risks leaving victims unprotected. Risk management requires sharing of information between agencies; it is vital that information sharing mechanisms are accompanied by training, knowledge and staff participation.
End-to-End Light License Plate Detection and Recognition Method Based on Deep Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the field of intelligent robot and automatic drive, the task of license plate detection and recognition (LPDR) are undertaken by mobile edge computing (MEC) chips instead of large graphics processing unit (GPU) servers. For this kind of small computing capacity MEC chip, a light LPDR network with good performance in accuracy and speed is urgently needed. Contemporary deep learning (DL) LP recognition methods use two-step (i.e., detection network and recognition network) or three-step (i.e., detection network, character segmentation method, and recognition network) strategies, which will result in loading two networks on the MEC chip and inserting many complex steps. To overcome this problem, this study presents an end-to-end light LPDR network. Firstly, this network adopts the light VGG16 structure to reduce the number of feature maps and adds channel attention at the third, fifth, and eighth layers. It can reduce the number of model parameters without losing the accuracy of prediction. Secondly, the prediction of the LP rotated angle is added, which can improve the matching between the bounding box and the LP. Thirdly, the LP part of the feature map is cropped by the relative position of detection module, and the region-of-interest (ROI) pooling and fusion are performed. Seven classifiers are then used to identify the LP characters through the third step’s fusion feature. At last, experiments show that the accuracy of the proposed network reaches 91.5 and that the speed reaches 63 fps. In the HiSilicon 3516DV300 and the Rockchip Rv1126 Mobile edge computing chips, the speed of the network has been tested for 15 fps.
DDIT4 Novel Mutations in Pancreatic Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. This study is aimed at searching the possible genetic mutations and the value of novel gene mutation in the DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) and signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the DNA sequences of DDIT4 from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In addition, we used IHC to detect the expression level of DDIT4 in patients with pancreatic cancer in different types of gene mutation. Double-labeled immunofluorescence was employed to explore the expression levels of DDIT4/LC3 and their potential correlation. Our work indicated the two novel stable gene mutations in DDIT4 mRNA 3 ′ -untranslated region (m.990 U>A and m.1246 C>U). Thirteen samples were found to have mutation in the DDIT4 3 ′ -untranslated regions (UTR). To further verify the influence of gene mutation on protein expression, we performed immunohistochemistry on different gene mutation types, and we found a correlation between DDIT4 expression and gene mutation, which is accompanied by nuclear staining deepening. In order to further discuss the clinical value of DDIT4 gene mutation, immunofluorescence suggested that the expression of DDIT4 colocated with LC3; thus, we speculated that DDIT4 mutation may be involved in autophagy in pancreatic cancer cell. In this study, we found mutation in the 3 ′ -UTR region of DDIT4, which may be associated with DDIT4 expression and tumor autophagy in pancreatic cancer tissues.