jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous dispersion and non-linearity compensation with OPC-DRA combination for a mm-wave radio-over-fiber transmission system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Optical phase conjugation (OPC) and distributed Raman amplifier (DRA) combination (OPC-DRA) is demonstrated as a potential enabling solution for reduction of signal fading due to interplay of self-phase modulation and group velocity dispersion of a sub-carrier multiplexed (SCM) mm-wave radio-over-fiber (RoF) transmission link. The present work is focused on the use of OPC-DRA combination for system performance improvement in terms of carrier to noise ratio (CNR) and the bit error rate (BER) of the SCM-RoF link. The analysis further shows that, introduction of DRA with proper pumping scheme significantly reduce fiber non-linearity resulting in improvement of the system performance in terms of BER, compared to the situation where only mid-way optical phase conjugation is used.
The mediation of trust in country-of-origin effects across countries

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate if trust plays a mediating role on the country-of-origin (COO) brand reputation and consumer animosity effects in determining consumers’ purchase intentions in both emerging and developed markets. Design/methodology/approach – The paper opted for the structure equation modelling methodology to analyse data collected from 476 Spanish and Mexican car owners who evaluate American automobiles. Findings – The results show that in the emerging market economy, the COO's brand reputation influences trust and purchase intention more than in the mature market. Also, the results show that although trust plays an important role in different markets because it mediates the effect of COO's brand reputation on consumers’ purchase intention in both emerging and mature economies, it does not mediate the effect of animosity on purchase intention in the analysed developed economy. Research limitations/implications – The chosen category product presents the shortcoming of being of a hybrid nature regarding their manufacturing origin and research results may not be generalizable since we consider one product of one COO. Practical implications – COO's brand reputation is a key trigger of trust, and can substitute absent regulatory institutional elements, especially in emerging markets. In emerging markets, animosity could play an important role in explaining the rejection of foreign products, but the increase of trust could mitigate its negative effect on purchase intention. Originality/value – This study distinguishes the mediating role of trust between different interrelated COO variables and consumers’ purchase intentions in two different national contexts, and offers evidence that good COO's brand reputation building is crucial for international marketing success.
FREQUENCY OF INSOMNIA AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG MEDICAL AND DENTAL STUDENTS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To determine the frequency of insomnia among medical students and to assess the effects of insomnia on the academic performance of medical and dental students.Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on medical and dental students of Peshawar, after obtaining approval from IREB. A simple random sampling technique was used to collect data through questionnaires distributed among students. The calculated sample size was approximately 153, determined using the WHO sample size formula. Selection criteria included medical and dental students, both males and females aged 18 to 25 years who were willing to participate. Data was collected using the Sleep Quality Scale, an item of question assessing academic performance, and a demographic information sheet. Data was stratified in different age groups and by gender. As variables in our study were qualitative so chi-square test was applied to fi nd the association between qualitative variables. A p value of P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: In this study,153 students were enrolled. Out of these 37% were females and 62% were males.Prevalence was found to be 46%. 92% of participants were in the age range of 21 to 23 years. The prevalence of poor-quality sleep was 18% among medical and dental students while 54% rated their sleep quality as good even after sleeping for 5 to 6 hours at night. 53% of participants took 15-30 minutes to fall asleep and 41% of participants usually got up around 10 am during the past month. A signifi cant association p< 0.05 was found between Pittsburg sleep quality index and academic performance with a P-value of 0.04. Conclusion: From the result of our study, it was concluded that Insomnia or bad sleep quality effects the academic performance of medical and dental students.
Implementing and evaluating a fictitious electron dynamics method for the calculation of electronic structure: Application to the Si(100) surface

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A density matrix based fictitious electron dynamics method for calculating electronic structure has been implemented within a semi-empirical quantum chemistry environment. This method uses an equation of motion that implicitly ensures the idempotency constraint on the density matrix. Test calculations showed that this method has potential of being combined with simultaneous atomic dynamics, in analogy to the popular Car-Parrinello method. In addition, the sparsity of the density matrix and the sophisticated though flexible way of ensuring idempotency conservation while integrating the equation of motion creates the potential of developing a fast linear scaling method.
Production of a Monoclonal Antibody That Recognizes the Lipopolysaccharide of a Campylobacter‐Like Organism

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A monoclonal antibody was produced to a Campylobacter ‐like organism (RMIT 32A) which was isolated from the terminal ileum of a pig with proliferative enteritis. Isotyping of the antibody revealed that it was an IgG 2a with kappa light chains. Immunoblots using the antibody against proteinase‐K‐treated whole cell lysates of RMIT 32A, a selection of Campylobacter species and other enteric bacteria showed that the antibody was specific for RMIT 32A and was directed against the lipopolysaccharide. This antibody can be used for the specific detection of RMIT 32A.
Kakuban’s Views on the Suchness:An Analysis of the <i>Gorin kuji myō himitsu shaku</i>

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

本稿では，覚鑁『五輪九字明秘密釈』第一章「択法権実同趣門」で展開される真如論を検討し，同書第二章「正入秘密真言門」に記載される五蔵曼荼羅の教理背景を新たな視座から考察する．
The importance of guidelines.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The management of chronic diseases crosses the line between primary healthcare and tertiary academic medicine. New technologies are constantly being developed and treatment options being better defined. This has resulted in the development of multiple guidelines in order to standardise appropriate therapy for chronic diseases and to disseminate the information. Guidelines highlight current literature and new evidence, and they create an easy step-wise approach to the management of diseases, the targets for disease control and the standards of care.
The amputees and quality of life.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The application of highly sophisticated computer technology and high technology materials allows production of quality prosthetic replacements both in the functional and esthetic sense. The basic prerequisite for successful use of prostheses is an adequately shaped stump, which can be achieved using new operative technique used for extremity amputation. In this way, the possibilities of prosthetic device usage are enlarged to fulfill not only basic daily needs but also highly active work-related, sports-related or recreational needs of the modern man. However, the adequate and successfully performed operative procedure and the implementation of a quality prosthetic device do not guarantee that all patient requirements for improved quality of life are fulfilled. The aim of this study was to examine therapeutic effects of the applied method of surgical and prosthetic treatment, with a special focus on the improvement of patient's quality of life. The research was conducted in a sample of healthy and active patients with trauma-related lower extremity amputation. Following a positive objective evaluation by the physician, who stated that surgical and prosthetic treatment was satisfactory, the subjective evaluation was performed by the patient using a specially designed questionnaire. The factors possibly influencing the overall satisfaction of the patient with therapy were analyzed. The satisfaction with prosthesis function was evaluated as very good by 63.5% of the patients, excellent by 9.6% and good by 26.9% of the patients.
Improved MTPA Control for Variable-Flux Memory Machine With Operating Envelope Prediction-Based MS Manipulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article proposes an improved maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control method for variable-flux memory machine (VFMM) with operating envelop prediction-based magnetization state (MS) manipulation. The proposed method can achieve the MTPA control under the voltage limitation and simplify the MS adjustment process for expanding the operating region. The mathematical model of the studied VFMM is established to calculate the reference current for MTPA control online as well as to predict the operating envelop at each MS. According to the calculated operating envelop, the proposed MS manipulation method can separate the magnetization and demagnetization processes by setting two MS manipulation boundaries correspondingly, which is easily implementable and can avoid frequent MS manipulation processes. Besides, the inductance characteristics of the machine are measured to improve the model accuracy and control performance. Experiments are carried out on a VFMM prototype to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
CFD Modeling of Plasma Gasification Reactor for Municipal Solid Waste

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Plasma gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the thermochemical technologies that convert waste into energy. The waste is exposed to high temperatures to transform the organic compounds into synthetic gas that could be used as power source, fuel substitute or reactive in the biofuel production. The inorganic compounds are melted completely and an inert environmentally friendly vitrified is obtained, that could be used as building material. Plasma gasifiers have some advantages against traditional gasifiers, for example, high temperature and heating rates lead to compact reactors, improving their performance and conversion rates. Moreover, all the inorganic residues are processed in a melting chamber, leaving a fully vitrified, strong, and resistant to chemical leaching material. On the other hand, this kind of technology has some disadvantages like high initial investment and high electric consumption of plasma torches. All these aspects, as well as others, are being studied at the Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, through the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, defining a prototype reactor with a capacity of 1-2 metric tons of MSW per day and using DC nontransferred arc thermal plasma torch. Variations on composition within the MSW and process conditions will be studied in order to achieve high efficiency and economic feasibility. The CFD models include mechanical, thermal and chemical aspects of the turbulent reactive flows inside the gasification reactor, with 0-D, 2-D, as well 3-D considerations. The experimental phase of the project will be developed soon, taking into account the CFD models results, to implement the technology and eventually improve it.
Gratitude Questionnaire–20 Items (G20): A Cross-Cultural, Psychometric and Crowdsourcing Analysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The use in psychology of crowdsourcing platforms as a method of data collection has been increasing in popularity because of its relative ease and versatility. Our goal is to adapt the Gratitude Questionnaire–20 Items (G20) to the English language by using data collected through a crowdsourcing platform. The G20 is a comprehensive instrument that takes in consideration the different basic processes of gratitude and assesses the construct’s cognitive, evaluative, emotional, and behavioral processes. We test the psychometric properties of the English version of the G20 with a Prolific (ProA) user sample. We assess the adequacy of the G20 for the crowdsourcing population in its English version. A description of the characteristics of the participants is conducted. Reliability analyses reveal an optimal internal consistency of the adapted scale. The results are discussed from a cross-cultural vision of gratitude. We conclude that the Gratitude Questionnaire–20 Items (G20), adapted to English with an American sample, is a psychometrically strong instrument to measure gratitude using crowdsourcing platforms for data collection and, therefore, a reference and useful tool in future research.
Clinical Significance of Detection of S - 100β Protein in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum of Children with Acute Viral Encephalitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the changes of S - 100β protein in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of children with viral encephalitis and its clinical significance. Methods The levels of S - 100β protein of cerebrospinal fluid and serum of 36 children with viral encephalitis and 20 lumbar anesthesia children without central nervous system diseases were measured by enzyme - linked immunosor bent assay. Differences in the levels of cerebrospinal fluid and serum S-100β protein between children with and without coma, with and without convulsion, with and without sequelae in the case group were compared. Results S-100β protein levels of cerebrospinal fluid in the case group and control group were (0.641±0.390) and (0.037 ± 0.014) μg/L( P 0.01). Serum S - 100β protein levels in the case group and control group were (0.444±0.257 ) and (0.023±0.009)μg/L(P0.05).The cerebrospinal fluid and serum S- 100β protein levels of children with coma were significantly higher than those of children without coma(all P0.01) ,and those of children with convulsion were higher than those of children without convulsion(all P0.01). The cerebrospinal fluid and serum S-100β protein levels of children with sequelae were significantly higher than those of children without sequelae(all P 0. 01). Conclusions The cerebrospinal fluid and serum S - 100β protein levels of children with viral encephalitis relates to degree of severity. Detection of S - 100β protein of children with viral encephalitis contributes not only to assess the severe degree but also to predict their prognoses.
In Silico Protein Analysis of Phoenix dactylifera (Date Palm) by a Bioinformatics Approach

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In recent years, there has been a global increase in the study of traditional medicinal plants due to their natural origins and their bioactive compounds, allowing them to complement current pharmaceutical approaches. Conversely, computer technology has advanced, and in silico investigation has proven to be a vital tool for systematically harnessing the structural variety of natural products. The present study presents comprehensive information about the traditional plant Phoenix dactylifera (commonly known as date palm) using in silico methods. The ExPASy ProtParam server, self-optimized prediction method with alignment (SOPMA), and SWISS model were employed to identify the protein′s primary, secondary, and tertiary structures. In addition, the sequence alignment was examined by Clustal Omega, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the bootstrap joining technique. This bioinformatics study of P. dactylifera resulted in a quicker, low-cost, and potentially effective search for plant-based medicines or mass manufacture of bioactive compounds.
Single intubation test for investigation of malabsorption and diarrhoea.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A one session multipurpose intubation method for the investigation of diarrhoea and malabsorption is described. It enables tests for bacterial colonisation, infestations, and luminal cytology of the small intestine to be combined with a pancreatic exocrine function test and a jejunal biopsy during the same intubation. The technique has proved acceptable, reliable, diagnostically valuable, and convenient for use on outpatients.
Blow-up phenomena and global existence for a periodic two-component Hunter-Saxton system

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper is concerned with blow-up phenomena and global existence for a periodic two-component Hunter-Saxton system. We first derive the precise blow-up scenario for strong solutions to the system. Then, we present several new blow-up results of strong solutions and a new global existence result to the system. Our obtained results for the system are sharp and improve considerably earlier results.
Influence of Enzyme Concentration, Hydrolysis Duration, and Drying Temperature on the Production of Antioxidant-containing Peptide from Catfish (Clarias sp.) Gills

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Catfish gills are a potential raw material for producing protein hydrolysate with antioxidant activity. Protein hydrolysate was produced using crude papain enzyme in two stages. The first stage was to obtain the optimum enzyme concentration (w/w) including 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%, with 0% as a control, followed by the second stage to obtain the optimum hydrolysis duration for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, with 0 hour as a control. The supernatant containing protein hydrolysate was then dried using an oven at various temperatures, including 60, 70, and 80°C, for 48 hours to obtain catfish gill protein hydrolysate (CGH) powder. CGH was tested for degree of hydrolysis (DH) and antioxidants, including DPPH and ABTS. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained from 3% papain with DPPH and ABTS values of 85% and 9.57 µM TEAC, respectively. Further stage on the hydrolysis duration gave 48 hours as the optimal one, with antioxidant activity of 85.25 % for DPPH and 4.29 µM TEAC for ABTS. The oven-drying temperature concluded that CGH has stable antioxidant activity. The IC50 on antioxidant activity based on DPPH ranged from 1799.85 mg/L to 1749.50 mg/L (IC50 of ascorbic acid was 2.61 mg/L) and was included as very weak. Even though based on IC50, CGH has low antioxidant activity, the protein content was found to be high (56.86±1.51%), which could be a high-protein food additive.
Semantic multi-modality ontology image retrieval with relevance feedback for herbal medicinal plants

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

54With the increasing demand of medicinal herbal plant globally every year, it is vital to preserve it using information technology so that the herbal medicinal plant community as well as next generation can certainly access the information efficiently. Instead of the common textual information, the medicinal herbal plant image is one of the main types of information that people always looking for. It is because human beings acquire the majority of information from the real world from their visual sense. However, to retrieve the required image for an ordinary user is a challenging task. User has a tendency to use high-level feature to interpret the images and measure the similarity rather than using low-level feature. In other words, humans understand the image qualitatively but machine recognizes the image quantitatively. Therefore, we proposed to use semantic multimodality ontology with relevance feedback approach to improve the retrieval efficiency and subsequently measure the effectiveness of retrieval such as precision and recall.
Continuity of care and 30-day readmission for patients evaluated in the emergency room after cerebral aneurysm treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The association between continuity of care and the rate of 30-day readmissions after surgical procedures continues to be debated. Objective To investigate the association of 30-day readmissions with evaluation in the hospital where the original procedure was performed for patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) after cerebral aneurysm treatment. Methods We performed a cohort study of patients with cerebral aneurysms, who were evaluated in the ED within 30 days after discharge following surgical clipping or endovascular coiling between 2009 and 2013, and were registered in the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database. A propensity score adjusted model was used to control for confounding, whereas mixed effects accounted for clustering at the hospital level. Results Of the 452 patients presenting to the ED, 218 (48.2%) were evaluated in a different hospital from that in which the original procedure was performed (7.7% readmitted), and 234 (51.8%) were evaluated at the original hospital (18.4% readmitted). In a multivariable analysis, we showed that evaluation in the ED of the original hospital was associated with decreased rate of 30-day readmission (OR=0.41; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.78). We found similar associations in a mixed-effects logistic regression model (OR=0.46; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.84) and a propensity score adjusted model (OR=0.41; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.77). This corresponds to10 patients needing to be evaluated in the hospital at which the original procedure was performed to prevent one readmission. Conclusions Using a comprehensive all-payer cohort of patients in New York State, who were evaluated in the ED after cerebral aneurysm treatment, we identified an association between assessment in the hospital at which the original procedure was performed and a lower rate of 30-day readmissions. This underlines the potential importance of continuity of care for surgical patients to prevent readmission.
Does the capital structure affect banks’ profitability? Pre- and post financial crisis evidence from significant banks in France

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper studies the effect of banks’ capitalization on banks’ Return on Equity (ROE). A debate has emerged on the costs for banks of the increase in capital requirements under Basel III. We bring empirical evidence on this issue by analyzing the effect of different capitalization measures on banks’ ROE on a sample of large French banks over the period 1993-2012, controlling for risk-taking as well as a range of variables including the business model. We find that an increase in capital leads to a significant increase in ROE, albeit the economic effect is modest. Furthermore, the method chosen by a bank to increase capitalization (i.e. raising equity) does not alter the result. Over the period, we find some evidence of a negative relationship between the share of credit activities and ROE, which is driven by the 2002-2007 sub-period, characterized by a significant increase in other business line activities. Looking at revenue and cost components, the positive effect of capital on the ROE appears to be driven by an increase in efficiency.