jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Independent regulation of the divergent Escherichia coli nrfA and acsP1 promoters by a nucleoprotein assembly at a shared regulatory region

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Expression from the Escherichia coli nrfA promoter ( pnrfA ) is activated by both the FNR protein (an anaerobically triggered transcription activator) and the NarL or NarP proteins (transcription activators triggered by nitrite and nitrate). Under anaerobic conditions, FNR binds to a site centred at position –41.5 at pnrfA and activates transcription. Further activation, induced by the presence of nitrite, results from the binding of NarL and NarP to a site centred at position –74.5. A second promoter ( pacs P1), which directs transcription into the adjacent gene encoding acetyl coenzyme A synthetase ( acs ), is overlapping and divergent to pnrfA . Despite extensive overlap of regulatory elements, pnrfA and pacs P1 are regulated independently. We demonstrate that at least two nucleoid‐associated factors bind to the nrfA–acs intergenic region. The Fis protein binds to a site centred at position –15 (in relation to pnrfA transcription), whereas the IHF protein binds to a site centred at position –54. Both Fis and IHF repress in vivo expression from pacs P1, but have smaller repressive effects on expression from pnrfA . Gel retardation assays were used to investigate the pairwise binding of FNR, NarL, Fis and IHF proteins to the nrfA–acs intergenic region. The binding of NarL and IHF is mutually exclusive, whereas all other combinations can bind simultaneously. Experiments in which deletions and point mutations were introduced into the upstream region of pnrfA demonstrated that an additional factor must bind upstream to inhibit FNR‐dependent transcription. We conclude that the nrfA–acs intergenic region is folded into an ordered nucleoprotein structure that permits the two divergent promoters to be regulated independently in response to different physiological signals.
Red flag findings in children with headaches: Prevalence and association with emergency department neuroimaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Clinicians appear to obtain emergent neuroimaging for children with headaches based on the presence of red flag findings. However, little data exists regarding the prevalence of these findings in emergency department populations, and whether the identification of red flag findings is associated with potentially unnecessary emergency department neuroimaging. Objectives We aimed to determine the prevalence of red flag findings and their association with neuroimaging in otherwise healthy children presenting with headaches to the emergency department. Our secondary aim was to determine the prevalence of emergent intracranial abnormalities in this population. Methods A prospective cohort study of otherwise healthy children 2–17 years of age presenting to an urban pediatric emergency department with non-traumatic headaches was undertaken. Emergency department physicians completed a standardized form to document headache descriptors and characteristics, associated symptoms, and physical and neurological exam findings. Children who did not receive emergency department neuroimaging received 4-month telephone follow-up. Outcomes included emergency department neuroimaging and the presence of emergent intracranial abnormalities. Results We enrolled 224 patients; 197 (87.9%) had at least one red flag finding on history. Several red flag findings were reported by more than a third of children, including: Headache waking from sleep (34.8%); headache present with or soon after waking (39.7%); or headaches increasing in frequency, duration and severity (40%, 33.1%, and 46.3%). Thirty-three percent of children received emergency department neuroimaging. The prevalence of emergent intracranial abnormalities was 1% (95% CI 0.1, 3.6). Abnormal neurological exam, extreme pain intensity of presenting headache, vomiting, and positional symptoms were independently associated with emergency department neuroimaging. Conclusions Red flag findings are common in children presenting with headaches to the emergency department. The presence of red flag findings is associated with emergency department neuroimaging, although the risk of emergent intracranial abnormalities is low. Many children with headaches may be receiving unnecessary neuroimaging due to the high prevalence of non-specific red flag findings.
Integrating treatment strategies for children with autism

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Treatment studies indicate that substantial gains may be achieved by some children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) when behavioral treatment is provided at an early age (National Autism Center, 2009; Vismara &amp; Rogers, 2010). However, heterogeneity of treatment response is common to all evidence-based approaches (Delmolino &amp; Harris, 2012; Sherer &amp; Schreibman, 2005). Currently, no treatment completely ameliorates the symptoms of ASD and no specific treatment has emerged as the established standard of care. Investigators have hypothesized that customizing treatments based on individual child and family needs should increase the overall number of children that benefit from intervention (Stahmer, Schreibman, &amp; Cunningham, 2011). Improved understanding of how to match specific treatments to children exhibiting different behavioral characteristics may enhance our ability to tailor interventions to individual children, thereby improving treatment effectiveness. The current investigation evaluated the relative efficacy of DTT and PRT for teaching children with autism under the age of 3 receptive and expressive language, play, and imitation skills. A single-subject adapted alternating treatments design was used, whereby children received both DTT and PRT for 12 weeks. Potential predictor variables were collected at pre-treatment. Data were collected during treatment and at 3-month follow-up. All participants learned target skills in both treatments and demonstrated some generalization, maintenance, and spontaneous use of skills acquired during DTT and PRT. However, each child benefited to differing degrees from intervention. PRT was more effective for some children, domains, and dimensions of behavior, whereas DTT was more effective for others. The results also suggested that a combination of PRT and DTT may be optimal in some cases. Pre-treatment adult avoidance and language skills may aid in prospective treatment planning efforts. Additionally, early rates of learning may be predictive of longer-term treatment response. The results confirm the importance of treatment individualization and begin to suggest specific methods for tailoring treatment programs to individual child needs. The strengths and weakness of DTT and PRT may vary depending on child variables, as well as curriculum area focus
A Review on Specialization in Pharmacy—Part I

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Many opportunities exist for pharmacists who desire to expand their role in providing comprehensive pharmaceutical care services to patients and other health care providers whom they serve and collaborate with on a daily basis. Consequently, there is a strong trend within pharmacy to specialize in areas of professional interest. In many respects, pharmacy has turned towards the medical model in addressing its needs and providing a framework for specialization in practice. With respect to generalist and specialized practitioners and varying initiatives relative to the medical model, the concept of specialization in pharmacy has recently developed some interesting tangents when issues of certification, credentialing, disease-state management, and added-qualifications enter the discussion. In this, the first of a 2-part series (Part II in the upcoming issue) focusing on specialization in pharmacy, a review of the current initiatives by which a pharmacist can achieve specialty status will be addressed.
The impact of feeding date palm by products on the reproduction of Awassi ewe in the Qatari environment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study aimed to examine the effect of feeding date palm with a product-based ration on the productivity of Awassi ewes raised intensively in the Qatari environment. The two matching total mixed rations consisted primarily of Rhodes and barely grains (CD), discarded dates, and crushed fronds (NCD). Forty-four Awassi ewes were divided into two matching groups. The groups were allocated randomly to the dietary treatments in a randomized block design experiment of 2 rams (mature fertile male sheep). Dates of service and lambing, ewes’ weights at conception and lambing, and lambs’ weights at birth and weaning (at 90 days of age) were registered. The type of diet had no effect on percentages of conceived and lambed ewes: gestation (150 ± 3.4 days), lambing interval periods (326 ± 17.4 days), litter size (117 ± 37.9 lambs/100 ewes), litter birth weight (3.9 ± 1.07 kg/lambing ewe), litter weaning weight (20.4 ± 5.83 kg/lambing ewe), weight of weaned lambs/ewe/year, weight of weaned lambs/kg of ewe weight/year, and weight of weaned lambs/kg0.75 of ewe weight/year. The NCD group had higher feed intakes (dry matter, DM, metabolizable energy, ME, and crude protein, CP) than the CD group. However, in terms of cost, NCD had a low cost of daily feed intake (1.88 vs. 2.42 riyals/ewe/day) and a cost of one kilogram of weaned lambs/ewe/year (30.8 vs. 43.2 riyals). It was concluded that feed based on date palm byproducts provided a performance not different from conventional feed but at a low feed cost.
Volume Flow Resistance of a Hemodialysis Membrane and Protein Adsorption

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Polarization and adsorption effects during bovine serum albumin (BSA) ultrafiltration across a commercial hemodialysis membrane are discussed. BSA adsorption on the membrane surface depends on the pH and concentration of solutions. Overall membrane permeability is reduced due to the resistance of both the concentration polarization and the adsorption layers. Ultrafiltration experiments with a pure solvent (water) and solutions allow the different contributions to the total volume flow resistance of the membrane to be distinguished. These data are needed to develop a model bioartificial pancreas in which animal pancreatic islets of Langerhans are bounded between two ultrafiltration membranes.
Management adaptations for water-limited pearl millet systems in Senegal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is a staple food crop for rural households in Senegal. However, yields remain low due to reduced precipitation and low adoption of agricultural technologies. This study aims to (i) calibrate and evaluate the performance of the Agricultural-Production-System-sIMulator (APSIM)-Millet model to simulate crop phenology and grain yield, and (ii) develop regional-specific recommendations based on management scenarios for pearl millet in Senegal. The APSIM-Millet model was adjusted for early- and late-flowering landraces, with field-data from 351 locations during 2016–2021. Independent datasets were used to evaluate the agreement of crop model outcomes with (i) crop phenology (with a root mean square error, RMSE, of 2.4 days for early- flowering and 3.7 days for late-flowering landraces), and ii) grain yield (with average RMSE of 439 kg ha-1), across locations. For all Senegal millet producing districts, crop management scenarios were simulated by combining: six levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization, three plant-densities, and three planting-dates. These scenarios were compared against a literature-reported standard management. The implementation of the recommended management practices can increase farmer yields by two-fold in Senegal, mainly by increasing plant-density, N fertility, and by adjusting planting date to better match precipitation with the period of greater crop water demand.
Financial Expenses and “Losses” of the Polish Healthcare System Resulting from the Occurrence of Adverse Events

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The globally increasing healthcare expenditures related to the need to treat the consequences of adverse events, as well as the number of claims filed by patients (or their families) and remuneration paid as their result mean that the interest in the subject of adverse event cost management is increasing. An increase in the number of cases concerning medical errors has also occurred in Poland in recent years. The newest statistics from the Ministry of Justice demonstrate that the courts are awarding increasingly higher amounts. The goal of this work was an attempt to approximate, based on our own experiences, the impact of adverse events on the expenditures of the healthcare system in Poland, including the costs of treatment of the consequences of such events, described by the authors as “secondary harm”. Methods: Based on the analysis of 100 cases for compensation for the occurrence of a medical event, an initial estimate of the costs of primary (initial) treatment, which resulted in the occurrence of the adverse event, and the costs of subsequent hospitalisations/stays, which were its consequences. The study was conducted in the period from October 2020 to November of 2021. Results: The statistical analysis of the examined cases enabled establishing that in 62% they concerned women. Only 38% were events which applied to men. The highest number of cases concerned events which occurred in the last years, that is 2018 (35%), 2019 (23%), and 2017 (17%). The most frequent events included those related to incorrect diagnosis (the lack of correct diagnosis), which resulted in appropriate activities not being undertaken and a lack of appropriate treatment, e.g., lack of diagnosis of cancer, myocardial infarction, appendicitis, or fracture (26%). The next one was incorrect surgical treatment (17%)—the consequence of which was most frequently a need for repeated surgery and an incorrect conservative treatment of injuries. The obtained results demonstrate that significantly higher funds are spent by medical entities for “restorative” actions (on average EUR 1433, which attempt to mitigate against the negative consequences of incorrect decisions or actions in the original treatment (average cost of EUR 814)). Conclusions: The consequences of adverse events include not only health-related harm for the patient, but also long-term social, familial, or professional results. The authors of the article are of an opinion that all the conducted analyses and conclusions drawn from them should serve the improvement of patient safety. They also form an initial point for establishing recommendations and advice for the improvement of safety and quality of medical services and the reduction of healthcare-related costs. The authors propose covering the parties injured by an adverse event (subjected to “secondary harm”) with a unique, innovative programme of post-accident health care, “Health Reconstruction”.
Coatomer-dependent protein delivery to lipid droplets

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lipid droplets (LDs) are cytoplasmic organelles that store neutral lipids for use as an energy supply in times of nutrient deprivation and for membrane assembly. Misregulation of LD function leads to many human diseases, including lipodystrophy, obesity and neutral lipid storage disorders. A number of proteins have been shown to localize to the surface of lipid droplets, including lipases such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and the PAT-domain proteins ADRP (adipophilin) and TIP47, but the mechanism by which they are targeted to LDs is not known. Here we demonstrate that ATGL and ADRP, but not TIP47, are delivered to LDs by a pathway mediated by the COPI and COPII coatomer proteins and their corresponding regulators.
Passenger Airplane Economics and Systems Application Considerations for Airline Operations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Fleet planning is the joint effort of the airplane manufacturer and the airline in selecting the proper type and number of airplanes, and it involves analysis of individual airplane models, routes, and costs. When the evaluation is extended to entire fleets, it necessitates forecasts into the changing technological and marketing aspects of the industry. The subject of this paper is Boeing's Integrated Fleet Planning Program, a system which lends sophisticated computer support to airline operations.</div>
An MCMC approach to empirical Bayes inference and Bayesian sensitivity analysis via empirical processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Consider a Bayesian situation in which we observe $Y\\sim p_{\\theta}$, where $\\theta\\in\\Theta$, and we have a family $\\{\\nu_{h},h\\in\\mathcal{H}\\}$ of potential prior distributions on $\\Theta$. Let $g$ be a real-valued function of $\\theta$, and let $I_{g}(h)$ be the posterior expectation of $g(\\theta)$ when the prior is $\\nu_{h}$. We are interested in two problems: (i) selecting a particular value of $h$, and (ii) estimating the family of posterior expectations $\\{I_{g}(h),h\\in\\mathcal{H}\\}$. Let $m_{y}(h)$ be the marginal likelihood of the hyperparameter $h$: $m_{y}(h)=\\int p_{\\theta}(y)\\nu_{h}(d\\theta)$. The empirical Bayes estimate of $h$ is, by definition, the value of $h$ that maximizes $m_{y}(h)$. It turns out that it is typically possible to use Markov chain Monte Carlo to form point estimates for $m_{y}(h)$ and $I_{g}(h)$ for each individual $h$ in a continuum, and also confidence intervals for $m_{y}(h)$ and $I_{g}(h)$ that are valid pointwise. However, we are interested in forming estimates, with confidence statements, of the entire families of integrals $\\{m_{y}(h),h\\in\\mathcal{H}\\}$ and $\\{I_{g}(h),h\\in\\mathcal{H}\\}$: we need estimates of the first family in order to carry out empirical Bayes inference, and we need estimates of the second family in order to do Bayesian sensitivity analysis. We establish strong consistency and functional central limit theorems for estimates of these families by using tools from empirical process theory. We give two applications, one to latent Dirichlet allocation, which is used in topic modeling, and the other is to a model for Bayesian variable selection in linear regression.
Sam, Sahh and Map gene expression during cell division and paralytic shellfish toxin production of Alexandrium catenella (Dinophyceae)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The expression of genes potentially involved in paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) biosynthesis was quantified during cell division of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella. Basic precursors of the neurotoxic PST molecule(s), such as S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), have been hypothesised, but no genes coding for PST production have been definitively identified in dinoflagellates. Sam encodes the enzyme SAM synthetase and two other candidate PST genes S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (Sahh) and methionine aminopeptidase (Map) have been previously identified in the closely related PST producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense. PST production and expression of Sam, Sahh and Map were examined concurrently during cell division in A. catenella.
"This General Breakdown of Hired Help". Female Domestic Workers in Argentinean Modernization. Córdoba, 1869-1906

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

PhD in History from the Catholic University of Cordoba. Researcher affiliated to the National Council of Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina. Director of the Prof. Carlos S.A. Segreti Center for Historical Studies and its Anuario. His field of research is social history and his current project is “The World of the Poor within the Framework of Growth and Modernization (Cordoba, 1870-1850)”. He has authored Dime que comes y como lo comes y te dire quien eres. Una historia social del consumo alimentario en la modernizacion argentina. Cordoba, 1870-1930; and, together with Teresita Rodriguez Morales, co-authored Los grupos sociales en la modernizacion latinoamericana de entre siglos Actores, escenarios y representaciones (Argentina, Chile y Mexico, ss. XIX - XX ), in press.
Is Yik Yak a Platform for Political Communication?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Chapter 8: Is Yik Yak a Platform for Political Communication? Exploring College Students' Communication on an Emergent Social Media Platform, Chris Vargo and Toby Hopp This study used big data and computational methods to explore the degree to which college students use Yik Yak for political expression. While the number of political messages was small relative to the entire corpus, the data suggested that political communication on Yik Yak is responsive to major political events. Moreover, the data suggested that the percentage of political commentary on Yik Yak is negatively associated with size of the undergraduate population, the percent of classes with greater than 50 students, and the number of Greek organizations on campus.
Mechanistic Applicability Domain Classification of a Local Lymph Node Assay Dataset for Skin Sensitization

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The goal of eliminating animal testing in the predictive identification of chemicals with the intrinsic ability to cause skin sensitization is an important target, the attainment of which has recently been brought into even sharper relief by the EU Cosmetics Directive and the requirements of the REACH legislation. Development of alternative methods requires that the chemicals used to evaluate and validate novel approaches comprise not only confirmed skin sensitizers and non-sensitizers but also substances that span the full chemical mechanistic spectrum associated with skin sensitization. To this end, a recently published database of more than 200 chemicals tested in the mouse local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been examined in relation to various chemical reaction mechanistic domains known to be associated with sensitization. It is demonstrated here that the dataset does cover the main reaction mechanistic domains. In addition, it is shown that assignment to a reaction mechanistic domain is a critical first step in a strategic approach to understanding, ultimately on a quantitative basis, how chemical properties influence the potency of skin sensitizing chemicals. This understanding is necessary if reliable non-animal approaches, including (quantitative) structure-activity relationships (Q)SARs, read-across, and experimental chemistry based models, are to be developed.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in systemic autoinflammatory diseases - the first one hundred transplanted patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

HSCT in AIDs is mainly indicated in case of ineffectiveness of conventional therapies and/or co-existence of immunodeficiency in conditions characterized by a primary involvement of the hematopoietic compartment. An effective control of the inflammatory process before HSCT reduces the risk of alloreactivity. HLA identical family donor represents the first choice, but in most cases it is essential to exclude a possible carrier status. If a suitable HLA identical family donor is not available, a haploidentical donor with platform with T-depletion could offer some benefit lowering the risk of GvHD. Treosulfan-based conditioning regimens could be recommended to reduce toxicity and prevent rejection. Target chimerism may differ based on the primary disease's pathogenic mechanism.