jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Knowledge-Based Modeling of Manufacturing Aspects in Structural Optimization Problems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we present a method for the multidisciplinary optimization of structures including qualitative expert knowledge. In addition to multi objective and discrete tasks, which are solved with a genetic algorithm, mainly expert knowledge and experience is available for certain influences in early design stages. Fuzzy Rule Based Systems (FRBS) provide a powerful tool to model such influences via qualitative human knowledge. Based on this idea, a method for building qualitative, knowledge based models has been developed at the institute and enhanced. As an example, structural components constructed from composite aluminum profiles with embedded continuous reinforcing elements have been optimized.
Ethno-Botanical Studies of Medicinal Plants of Dinga, District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A series of ethno-botanical surveys were carried out in Dinga, District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. The purpose of surveys was to collect indigenous traditional knowledge about medicinal plants and their uses through questionnaires and personal interviews of different age groups between 45 to 80 years during the field trips of local flora for the benefit of the community. Etnnomedicinal surveys were conducted from March 2013 to April 2013 in the vicinity of University of Gujrat (UOG), Pakistan. A total of 50 plant species belonging to 29 families are identified which are being used by local inhabitants of the study area. These medicinal plants were arranged with their botanical and vernacular names, family, habit, part used and ethnomedicinal uses. There were about 13 herbs, 12 shrubs and 25 trees of plants species documented in the study. Data analysis showed that the medicinal plants used to treat Asthma, cough, joint pain kidney problems, hepatitis, ulcerative colitis, typhoid fever and various other chronic diseases. Due to lack of interest of new age generations and modern life style there is possibility of losing this precious knowledge in the near future. It was the primary struggle to know about the medicinal importance of plants with special reference to their uses. It is hypothesized that such type of studies should be conducted in the future in study area.
MEASURING STUDENTSâ€™ COMPETENCES WITH THE HELP OF ACADEMIC PROGRESS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article studies methods for measuring the degree of studentsâ€™ competencies formation according to their academic progress. The problem of measuring the formation of competencies is related to the requirements of educational standards. To solve this problem, new methods and technologies of pedagogical measurement are needed, which complement traditional ways to assess training materials. The results of applying the proposed methods in the whole university are analyzed.Studentsâ€™ marks are proposed as a tool for measuring the development of competences. Each mark is associated with a certain competence. The results of measuring the formation of one competence within different disciplines are combined via accumulating all the marks in a single database with the help of appropriate information technologies. The basis of this technology is a unified description of curricula and evaluation tools for all disciplines and types of studentsâ€™ learning activities. The proposed method and technology of accounting allows us to collect studentsâ€™ marks referring to every different competence, and on this basis to offer a way of measuring a competence formation. To solve the methodological problems, the competence passports have been automatically constructed within each educational programme. The information technology for recording marks and attendance form the basis for monitoring the process of competencies formation, the operational management of students and teachers.The introduction of the proposed methods and technologies leads to the appearance of information tools for measuring the formation of studentsâ€™ competences, for monitoring compliance with the requirements of educational standards, and for managing changes in teaching methods and assessment procedures.The proposed method is new, as it links each pedagogical measurement with the appropriate competence and applies information technologies for solving the tasks of managing the learning process.
Transcription profiling of chicken jejuna in a time series after orally infection with Salmonella

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RNA was extracted form chicken jejuna at 0.33,1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 21 days post-infection, in orally infected (1.10^5 Salmonella ) and control chickens. NOTE: Normalization is performed separately! on control and infected chickens, because the objective was to investigate differences in development.
Features of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and perioperative ultrasonic transcranial duplex scanning in patients with delayed cerebral ischemia after clipping of ruptured arterial aneurysms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM OF THE STUDY: to study the dynamics of perioperative transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (tcD) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (asah) with various clinical outcomes, in whom transient significant changes of responses (tscr) were registered according to intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOnm), during aneurysm clipping.METHODS: 56 patients with aSAh, 24 men and 32 women were included, who underwent aneurysm clipping with IONm. Patients were divided into three groups:With an increase in neurological deficit (ND) due to delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), with TSCR according to IONm — 7 people.Without an increase in ND, with a TSCR according to IONm — 19 people. The control group without an increase in ND, and without TSCR according to IONm — 30 people.RESULTS. There was a significant increase in peak systolic blood flow velocity (PSbFV) in the middle cerebral artery (mCA) after surgery in group 1 (before surgery 111.9 ± 47.6 cm/s, after — 196.5 ± 74.5 cm/s, p = 0.001), and in group 2 (before — 108.6 ± 20.3 cm/s, after — 158.0 ± 66.9, p<0.001), as well as the Lindegaard index (LI) in group 1 (before — 2,5 ± 0.7, after — 3.5 ± 1.1, p = 0.01), and in group 2 (before — 2.1 ± 0.3, after — 2.9 ± 1.1, p<0.001). At the same time, in group 3, the increase of PSbFV in mCA and IL after surgery was not significant (before — 130.5 ± 45.8 cm/s, after — 141.4 ± 48.9 cm/s, p>0.05). PSbFV in the mCA before surgery was significantly higher than in groups 1 and 2.CONCLUSION. TSCR according to IONm can be a marker of a decrease in cerebrovascular reserve and one of the risk factors for the development of DCI.
On the kinetics of dendritic sidebranching: A three dimensional phase field study

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The underlying mechanism for dendritic sidebranching was studied using 3-D phase field modeling. Results showed that in 3-D the requirement of applying the random thermal noise to induce dendritic sidebranching (i.e., normally the case for 2-D phase field simulations) was fully relaxed. The stretching of the secondary or higher order arms occurred spontaneously and symmetrically as the growth of the dendrite. With periodic external perturbation and if the stimulating frequency was lower than a critical value, both tip velocity and sidebranching would get completely synchronized with the perturbation. Whereas if the perturbation frequency was higher than the critical value, rather than increasing, the sidebranching frequency would become stable and maintain at the same magnitude as that of the natural sidebranching, i.e., when no external perturbation was applied. It was shown that the underlying mechanism for sidebranching was deterministic rather than stochastic, and anisotropy tendency and curvature effect were shown to be the most important influence factors. Moreover, the difference of the anisotropy tendency would lead to an uneven distribution of curvature on the solid/liquid interface, i.e., formation of concave and convex geometries. The growth of these geometries would subsequently break the initial spherical structure of solid seed and lead to further sidebranching.
Wavelet based fractal analyzing method of partial discharge acoustic emission signal

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Acoustic methods are widely used in detecting partial discharges (p.d.) in transformers. Acoustic detection of p.d. is based on the retrieval and analysis of mechanical signals produced by partial discharges. The acoustic signals measured need to be correctly interpreted before a decision can be made. In the present work, the partial discharge acoustic emission (PDAE) signal is analyzed into different frequency components employing wavelet analysis. Then the fractal dimension of signal in each frequency band is calculated. The characteristics of partial discharges can be expressed in fractal dimensions. The discharge characteristics for different source to sensors distances of point plane electrode system are analyzed and the feature peaks of PDAE signal for these samples are obtained.
Enzler T, Kater AP, Zhang W, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia of Eμ-TCL1 transgenic mice undergoes rapid cell turnover that can be offset by extrinsic CD257 to accelerate disease progression. Blood. 2009;114(20):4469–4476.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

On page 4474 in the November 12, 2009, issue, in Figure 5 panel B, inadvertent errors were made in construction of the day 20 data, with internal duplication of several images.The corrected figure is shown.
Multi‐Year Tracing of Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Post‐Fire Aeolian Sediment Transport Using Rare Earth Elements Provide Insights Into Grassland Management

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Aeolian sediment transport occurs as a function of, and with feedback to ecosystem changes and disturbances. Many desert grasslands are undergoing rapid changes in vegetation, including the encroachment of woody plants, which alters fire regimes and in turn can change the spatial and temporal patterns of aeolian sediment transport. We investigated aeolian sediment transport and spatial distribution of sediment in the surface soil for 7 years following a prescribed fire using a multiple rare earth element (REE) tracer‐based approach in a shrub‐encroached desert grassland in the northern Chihuahuan desert. Results indicate that even though the aeolian horizontal sediment mass flux increased approximately three‐fold in the first windy season in the burned areas compared to control areas, there were no significant differences after three windy seasons. The soil surface of bare microsites was the major contributor of aeolian sediments in unburned areas (87%), while the shrub microsites contributed the least (<2%) during the observation period. However, after the prescribed fire, the contribution of aeolian sediments from shrub microsites increased considerably (∼40%), indicating post‐fire microsite‐scale sediment redistribution. The findings of this study, which is the first to use multiple REE tracers for multi‐year analysis of the spatial and temporal dynamics of aeolian sediment transport, illustrate how disturbance by prescribed fire can influence aeolian processes and alters dryland soil geomorphology in which distinct soils develop over time at very fine spatial scales of individual plants.
A Quantum-Based Machine Learning Approach for Autism Detection Using Common Spatial Patterns of EEG Signals

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) significantly impacts social communication, interaction, and behavior. Early diagnosis and timely intervention can improve outcomes by enabling tailored therapeutic strategies. Electroencephalography (EEG) has emerged as a non-invasive tool to capture brain activity and facilitate the early detection of ASD using machine learning techniques. However, attaining high accuracy with minimal EEG channels remains a challenge. This study analyzed EEG data from 10 children with ASD and 10 Typically Developed (TD) children using three electrode combinations: C3-C4, C3-Cz, and C4-Cz. EEG signals were spatially filtered using a wavelet-based regularized filter bank common spatial pattern. Key features, including peak-to-peak amplitude, were extracted, and correlation-based feature selection identified the most informative features. Classification with Support Vector Machine (SVM) identified the C4-Cz pair as the most effective, achieving the highest accuracy. Further analysis applied Neural Networks (NN), Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVM), and Quantum Neural Networks (QNN) to classify data from the C4-Cz pair. QSVM with amplitude embedding feature map outperformed others, achieving an accuracy of 94.7%. Performance was further improved by incorporating an enhanced feature set comprising peak frequency, Stockwell transform coefficients, and peak-to-peak amplitude. The proposed system, leveraging these refined features and QSVM, achieved an exceptional accuracy of 98.9%. To our knowledge, this is the first study utilizing an enhanced feature set derived from reduced brain lobes and quantum machine learning for ASD classification, offering a novel and highly accurate diagnostic approach.
The Secular Decline of Forecasted Interest Rates

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Canadian interest rates show a secular decline since the 1980s. Long-term survey-based forecasts of interest rates also declined, but less so and were more gradual. Our model-based estimates show an endpoint shifting over time in three phases: a decline between 1990 and 1995, a period of stability between 1996 and 2007, and a further decline since 2008. The current endpoint estimate remains clouded with uncertainty; this is an active area of research.
Insight into Trypanosomiasis in Animals: Various Approaches for its Diagnosis, Treatment and Control: A Review

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Trypanosomiasis is a haemoprotozoan disease entity caused by various members of Trypanosoma spp.affecting different species of domestic and wild animals like horses, mule, donkey, camel, cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goat, dogs, pig, elephant, deer, foxes, tiger and jackals with chief clinical signs of high intermittent fever, anaemia, loss of weight, edema of dependent parts, nervous symptoms, abortion and is responsible for major production losses.It can be transmitted through the biting flies wherein, the parasite may undergo biological or mechanical transmission.Various diagnostic methods from traditional to molecular are available for its diagnosis viz., microscopic examination, DNA detection by PCR, Card Agglutination Test and ELISA.The present review addresses important insights into trypanosomiasis, the etiological agent, advances and trends in its diagnosis, treatment aspects, prevention and control measures; which would help in limiting its prevalence in animals.
Vacation planner app for tourist

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the increased spending power of the world, people in this 21st century like to travel all around the world. They require something that can be useful to them and at the same time, help them during their travel. With the popular usage of smartphone, more people are in favors of a lightweight application that acts like a swiss-army knife. Hence to meet the demand, especially in Singapore, there is a need for a highly useful application to be developed so as to save time and costs for travelers. Be it be a personal or business trip. A smart tourist will have this application in the phone. Existing applications in the market were research and found to have lack of support for Singapore. Places of interest were also researched, and data are collected to feed the application. In conclusion, this project is a success. It has been tested repeatedly to show constant results. The application is undergoing debugging while new features are added regularly. The ideal outcome of this application is to be an official partner of Singapore Tourism Board.
Miconazole Nitrate based cubosome hydrogels for topical application

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cubosomes are discrete, sub-micron, nano-structured particles of bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline phase. Cubosomes consist of honeycombed (cavernous) structures separating two internal aqueous channels and a large interfacial area. They are the biocompatible novel approach for the drug delivery system. The controlled release application of these nanoparticles is of a great significance in cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical fields. The present study is concerned with the design and evaluation of a novel nano-particulate system; cubosomes, loaded with miconazole nitrate (MN); which is used as antifungal agent. Cubosome dispersions were formulated by emulsification technique using different concentrations of a lipid phase monoolein and the nonionic surfactant, Poloxamer 407. The prepared cubosomal dispersions were characterized regarding dimensional distribution, particle size, and in vitro drug release. The optimum formulae were incorporated in a CMC or HPMC based hydrogels, to form cubosomal hydrogels (cubogels). The cubogels were characterized regarding in vitro release of (MN), viscosity and pH. A comparison between the cubogels and a commercially available product, Miconaz ® cream, was carried out to judge their efficacy. The drug release from the commercial preparation was lower than all the prepared nano-emulsion based gel formulations. G1 and G8 showed highest drug release percent (100%) after 8 hours, in contrast the marketed formulation released (44.8%) of the drug after 8 hrs. The in vitro Miconazole nitrate release data were fitted to Korsmeyerpeppa's release model. The formulation exhibited non-fickian transport with zero order kinetics. Formulae G1, G8 and G10, that showed both small droplet size and highest extent of drug release, were microbiologically evaluated against Candida albicans ( C. albicans ) using agar cup diffusion method. The selected formulae showed superior antimycotic activity compared to the commercially available formulation.
Design of New Test System for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A comprehensive test system for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is designed and developed for monitoring and controlling the inlet and outlet parameters and safety issues of fuel cells. The data acquisition and output instruction rely on the connection between PLC (programmable logic controller) and OPC (object linking and embedding for process control). Based on Siemens S7-200 series PLC and PID (proportion integration differentiation) technology, the margin of error in relative humidity of inlet air is controlled at less than 0.7%. Furthermore, a hydrogen recycling system and an alarm module are introduced, considering the hydrogen or nitrogen solenoid valve power failure, cooling fan power failure, temperature anomaly, and hydrogen leakage. This developed test system is evaluated by the experimental investigation of PEMFC performance. The results show that the test system has very good test and control performances. At a cell temperature of 40 °C, enhanced performance in the polarization tests is depicted at a high humidification temperature of 60 °C.
Convergence Analysis of Value Iteration Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Continuous-Time Nonlinear Systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This article is concerned with the convergence property and error bounds analysis of value iteration (VI) adaptive dynamic programming for continuous-time (CT) nonlinear systems. The size relationship between the total value function and the single integral step cost is described by assuming a contraction assumption. Then, the convergence property of VI is proved while the initial condition is an arbitrary positive semidefinite function. Moreover, the accumulated effects of approximation errors generated in each iteration are taken into consideration while using approximators to implement the algorithm. Based on the contraction assumption, the error bounds condition is proposed, which ensures the approximated iterative results converge to a neighborhood of the optimum, and the relation between the optimal solution and approximated iterative results is also derived. To make the contraction assumption more concrete, an estimation way is proposed to derive a conservative value of the assumption. Finally, three simulation cases are given to validate the theoretical results.
Transnational practices of Albanian families during the Greek crisis: unemployment, de-regularization and return

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The outbreak of economic crisis in Greece in 2010 and the austerity measures adopted have dramatically altered the economic and social conditions throughout the country and consequently deeply impacted the migrant families. With Albanian regular migrants losing the legal status and lapsing back into irregularity due to the high unemployment rates, the reverse process of de-regularization and social disintegration has emerged. As a result, many migrants drew on family and social networks to pursue work opportunities either back home or elsewhere, while maintaining their formal ties/residence in Greece. This article explores the impact of the Greek crisis and de-regularization phenomenon on the transnational practices among Albanian families. Our aim is to go beyond the general theories on transnationalism and look at what exactly is the impact of the crisis on the families, as well as individuals' dilemmas of return and negotiations between transnational mobility and staying put, between different levels of belonging and their orientation to the present and future. The empirical analysis is based on in-depth interviews with 70 Albanians of first and second generation living in Greece.
Power Efficiency Enhancement in High-Boost Three-Phase Split Source Inverters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the design, analysis, and verification of a Split-Source Inverter (SSI) topology aimed at achieving efficient high-boost DC-AC power conversion with minimized power losses. The proposed design integrates an advanced control strategy utilizing Space Vector Modulation (SVM) to ensure clean sinusoidal output with minimal harmonic distortion. The study offers an in-depth examination of the SSI's operating principles, power loss mechanisms, and the distribution of losses across power switches, alongside optimization techniques to improve overall performance. Simulation results under diverse operating conditions validate the SSI's capability to deliver stable and efficient operation. Additionally, experimental implementation using a prototype validated the theoretical and simulation results, demonstrating the inverter's reliable operation and effective thermal management. Key findings underscore the significant advantages of the proposed SSI topology, including its compact design and superior performance compared to the quasi-Z-Source Inverter (q-ZSI). Specifically, the SSI reduces switching losses from 22% to 20% and decreases conduction losses from 42% to 38%, demonstrating enhanced efficiency, energy management, and applicability to diverse fields such as renewable energy systems and industrial drives.