jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Natural Law Modernized

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Hobbes, Locke, Hume, and Rousseau are classic modern philosophers, widely consulted in matters of ethics and political theory. In this provocative study David Braybrooke challenges received scholarly opinion by arguing that these canonical theorists took St Thomas Aquinas as their point of reference, reinforcing rather than departing from his natural law theory. The natural law theory of St Thomas Aquinas is essentially a secular theory, says Braybrooke. He argues that Hobbes, Locke, Hume, and Rousseau share a core of thought that not only has roots in St Thomas but offers an alternative to other ethical theories now current. According to Braybrooke, this surviving and reinforced core qualifies as an ethical theory viable by the most sophisticated standards, meeting the main challenges of analytical metaethics, and thus standing up to the scrutiny that any ethical theory must undergo in contemporary philosophical discussions. Braybrooke's study takes the reader into a rich and compelling intellectual universe, one in which medieval natural law theory, widely ignored as obsolete, survives robustly through the modern canon and into the third millennium.
Computing Hilbert class polynomials with the Chinese remainder theorem

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present a space-efficient algorithm to compute the Hilbert class\npolynomial H_D(X) modulo a positive integer P, based on an explicit form of the\nChinese Remainder Theorem. Under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, the\nalgorithm uses O(|D|^(1/2+o(1))log P) space and has an expected running time of\nO(|D|^(1+o(1)). We describe practical optimizations that allow us to handle\nlarger discriminants than other methods, with |D| as large as 10^13 and h(D) up\nto 10^6. We apply these results to construct pairing-friendly elliptic curves\nof prime order, using the CM method.\n
Does Collaboration Facilitate Data Use in Schools?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

School teachers are often encouraged to analyze data in groups or teams, and strong collaborative environments are seen as an important context for effective data use. This study investigates the relationship between teacher reports of collaboration and two dimensions of data use. in schools. The data analyzed for this study were collected from a survey of teachers in 37 schools in a large urban northeast school district in the United States and analyzed in a multi-level framework. Findings show a strong and significant relationship between collaboration and data use, even after controlling for individual teacher background characteristics and school culture characteristics. These results affirm the hypothesis that data use is commonly a collaborative activity in schools and that collaboration strengthens data use practices.
Essential Research Needed to Support UOCAVA-MOVE Act Implementation at the State and Local Levels

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Congress’s most recent effort to enable overseas and military voters to cast valid, timely ballots imposed a large number of complex tasks on State and local election administration. By federal mandates, preemptive provisions, and severely constrained implementation timetables, the MOVE Act requires State and local election administration officials to offer Internet transmission of specified services including voter registration and blank ballots. However, Internet-connected election equipment presents many dangers to overseas voters’ ballots and to accurate election totals. Authenticating overseas voters, assuring that they receive only a correct and authentic electronic ballot, guaranteeing vote privacy, maintaining the integrity of the ballots during marking, transmission, storage and canvass, and other essential objectives of election security, are much more difficult -- not less -- when vote transaction data must traverse the Internet. With appropriate infrastructure, however, election offices can reliably serve overseas voters with at least some Internet-transmitted election materials. Achieving reliability, however, requires substantial expert technical services, ongoing staffing and training, and appropriate computer equipment, software, network services, and testing protocols. To avoid repeating the electoral disruptions and injury to public confidence that followed the last federally-induced embrace of problematic computer technologies (paperless electronic precinct voting machines), this paper recommends that Federal assumptions about State and local technical readiness be temporarily set aside. Sound empirical data (that can be anonymized) are needed to document the currently available technical and security infrastructure and changes to that infrastructure which are still needed for MOVE Act full implementation. If Federal election policies and “best practices” continue to be formulated for overseas absentee voting without sound baseline knowledge of existing technical conditions, expertise, and resources, serious election difficulties and inequities are likely to arise. These include (1) federal phase–in planning and support errors arising from erroneous readiness assumptions; (2) insufficient budgetary allocations for initial and ongoing technical and security management; (3) inability to achieve voter privacy, security, and reliability objectives, and thereafter, (4) the likelihood of unfair accusations against election officials for not achieving the mandated objectives. To ensure full implementation of the Act and achievement of its objectives, federal agencies, other funding entities, and State and local election administrators should collaboratively support independent research to document both the status quo and needed technical infrastructure.
Businesses against Peronism: resistance, interests, and interclass alliances within the Argentinean Economic and Social Council

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The Economic and Social Council was created in February 2021 by the Peronist Argentine government of President Alberto Fernández to establish a neo-developmentalist agenda through an alliance with the business elite, despite a tradition of dissent and confrontation. This research focuses on the role of businesses, exploring the main factors that have conditioned the council’s ability to build such an alliance. The research, based on a combination of semi-structured interviews, informal conversations, participant observation, and the analysis of 1095 newspaper articles, shows that the large business associations were not effectively incorporated into the neo-developmentalist agenda, nor were they interested in institutionalizing the council, which would have given support to the Peronist government. The limited results of the Economic and Social Council until its decline in 2022 are partly explained by the validity of the hierarchical, extractivist, and peripheral market economy, reinforced by the fragmented and sectoral representation of the business associations and the weakness of the government to lead an institutional change. In this sense, the council reinforced extractivist and dependent corporativism.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) DENGAN METODE DEMONSTRASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SMP NEGERI 4 SATAP LIKUPANG BARAT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes. After following the learning process using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 4 Satap Likupang Barat for the 2019-2020 academic year. The research method used was classroom action research (CAR) which was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely, planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subject of this research is class VIII, which consists of 18 students. The research instrument used is questions. KKM achievement has increased, namely the average student learning outcomes in cycle 1 of 55.5%. And increased in cycle 2 to 83.3%. This clearly shows that student learning outcomes have increased from cycle 1 to cycle 2. Thus, cycle 2 has met the indicators of achievement of results.
Prospects for a scientific psychiatry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Herman van Praag has made major contributions to the scientific and conceptual development of psychiatry. Despite progress in delineating reliable diagnostic criteria, our classification system ignores clinical insights available from patients' subjective experiences of illness. Hence a ‘coarsening of diagnosis’ has occurred, weakening the nosologic infrastructure of scientific psychiatry. This paper will discuss these ideas and emphasize the central role of psychopharmacology in advancing psychiatry, with lithium's discovery as a paradigm.
Ultralow voltage–driven efficient and stable perovskite light-emitting diodes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The poor operational stability of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) remains a major obstacle to their commercial application. Achieving high brightness and quantum efficiency at low driving voltages, thus effectively reducing heat accumulation, is key to enhancing the operational lifetime of PeLEDs. Here, we present a breakthrough, attaining a record-low driving voltage while maintaining high brightness and efficiency. By thoroughly suppressing interface recombination and ensuring excellent charge transport, our PeLEDs, with an emission peak at 515 nanometers, achieve a maximum brightness of 90,295 candelas per square meter and a peak external quantum efficiency of 27.8% with an ultralow turn-on voltage of 1.7 volts (~70% bandgap voltage). Notably, Joule heat is nearly negligible at these low driving voltages, substantially extending the operational lifetime to 7691.1 hours. Our optimized strategies effectively tackle stability issue through thermal management, paving the way for highly stable PeLEDs.
Cardiac Manifestations of Relapsing Polychondritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Relapsing polychondritis is a systemic autoimmune disease that may be associated with inflammatory arthritis, vasculitis, aortitis, and inflammation of the aortic valve and ring. Information describing the cardiac manifestations of relapsing polychondritis is limited. The authors encountered a patient with relapsing polychondritis who had pericardial effusion and aortic valve regurgitation. The patient’s history is reported and relevant literatures are reviewed.
DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF BRICS HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMS: SELF-UNDERSTANDING AND SELF-PRESENTATION OF CHINESE AND RUSSIAN UNIVERSITIES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the modern world, universities have become actors in the global market of higher education while retaining their connections with national higher education systems and staying embedded in their national culture and traditions. In this light, self-narratives of BRICS universities are of particular interest as they not only reflect these HEIs' understanding of their purpose and role in the national and international contexts but also the self-understandings of their national higher education systems. This study analyzes texts and visual elements of web-sites of Russian and Chinese universities as a part of their self-narratives and as means they use for communication with internal and external audiences. The study relies on the methodology of critical discourse analysis developed by Michelle Stack and the principles of multimodal analysis proposed by Luc Pauwels. The sample consists of five Russian and five Chinese HEIs which occupy top positions in QS University Ranking for BRICS 2019. National (Russian, Chinese) and international (English) versions of these universities' sites are analyzed. The study shows that Russian and Chinese universities are oriented primarily towards such key stakeholders as prospective students, current students and their families, and governmental agencies. Universities use their web-sites for promoting their brands among prospective students, both domestic and international, and for self-legitimization in the eyes of national governments. It was found that Chinese universities are generally more consistent in their pursuit of internationalization. Both Russian and Chinese universities, however, appear to be more focused on attracting international students rather than on establishing and developing official partnerships and academic collaborations. In their narratives, Chinese universities present themselves as rightful players on the global market that, while being embedded in national tradition and committed to innovation, are able to determine the future of the region and world in general. Russian universities, in their turn, seek to demonstrate their active involvement into the global academic context by highlighting their positions in world university rankings.
Could we create a training set for image captioning using automatic translation?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automatic image captioning has received increasing attention in recent years. Although there are many English datasets developed for this problem, there is only one Turkish dataset and it is very small compared to its English counterparts. Creating a new dataset for image captioning is a very costly and time consuming task. This work is a first step towards transferring the available, large English datasets into Turkish. We translated English captioning datasets into Turkish by using an automated translation tool and we trained an image captioning model on the automatically obtained Turkish captions. Our experiments show that this model yields the best performance so far on Turkish captioning.
Successful Resuscitation of Maternal Cardiac Arrest by Perimortem Cesarean Section (PCS) : a Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

27歳，一絨毛膜二羊膜性双胎の初産婦．妊娠31週より切迫早産および妊娠高血圧腎症のため当院に入院中であった．妊娠32週に肺水腫による呼吸不全および低酸素血症が出現し，緊急帝王切開術が予定された．手術台に移動させた直後に心肺停止となり，直ちに心肺蘇生を開始するとともに産科医に帝王切開を開始するよう促した．心停止4分後に手術開始し，同時に心拍再開を確認，1分後に2児とも娩出した．児娩出後の母体呼吸循環状態は安定し，母・2児とも後遺症なく退院した．妊婦の心肺蘇生法とともに「死戦期帝王切開術（perimortem cesarean section：PCS）」の知識の普及およびトレーニングが望まれる．
P1‐169: Transmembrane domain of CRB2 is indispensable for inhibition of γ‐secretase activity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We have previously reported that CRB2 inhibits γ-secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Knockdown of endogenous CRB2 increased proteolytic production of amyloid-β (Aβ) and APP intracellular domain (AICD) in SH-SY5Y cells. Co-immunoprecipitation assays suggested that CRB2 bound with γ-secretase complex. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which CRB2 inhibits γ-secretase activity. Using cultured cells, we examined the inhibitory activity of CRB2 against γ-secretase cleavage of APP. Expression vectors for CRB2 mutants were constructed by PCR-based mutagenesis. Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels were measured by sandwich ELISA, and protein interaction was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation. CRB2-full length and N-terminal truncation mutants showed suppression of Aβ40 and Aβ42 secretion. However, the mutant lacking transmembrane (TM) and cytoplasmic domains or the TM chimera mutant did not inhibit Aβ secretion. The mutant lacking the cytoplasmic domain caused weak but significant attenuation of Aβ secretion. Mutational defects of FERM- and PDZ-binding motifs did not affect the inhibitory activity. These results indicated that the TM domain was essential for the inhibition of γ-secretase cleavage of APP, whereas the large extracellular domain was dispensable. The cytoplasmic domain appeared to play a supportive role, while two protein-binding motifs are not involved in the inhibitory activity. CRB2 bound with γ-secretase complex through the TM domain, although CRB2 was not a substrate of γ-secretase. Co-over-expression of CRB2 with either presenilin-1 (PS1) or APH-1 attenuated the suppression of Aβ secretion, suggesting that simultaneous over-expression with PS1 or APH-1 prevented the incorporation of CRB2 into γ-secretase complex. Our results suggested that CRB2 interacts with PS/γ-secretase complex as an inhibitory component, and that the inhibitory activity is considered independent of the function in cell adhesion. CRB2 may contribute to form an inactive pool of γ-secretse complexes by binding with a subset of the complex. Dysfunction of CRB2 might lead to insufficient inhibition of γ-secretase activity, which could enhance Aβ generation in human brains and play a causative role in the development of Alzheimer's disease.
Research on Software Multiple Fault Localization Method Based on Machine Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fault localization is one of time-consuming and labor-intensive activity in the debugging process. Consequently, there is a strong demand for techniques that can guide software developers to the locations of faults in a program with high accuracy and minimal human intervention. Despite the research of neural network and decision tree has made some progress in software multiple fault localization, there is still a lack of systematic research on various algorithms of machine learning. Therefore, a novel machine-learning-based multiple faults localization is proposed in this paper. First, several concepts and connotation of software multiple fault localization are introduced, move on to the status and development trends of the research. Next, the principles of machine learning classification algorithm are explained. Then, a software multiple fault localization research framework based on machine learning is proposed. The process is taking the Mid function as an example, compares and analyzes the performance of 22 machine learning models in software multiple fault localization. Finally, the optimal machine learning method is verified in the multiple fault localization of the Siemens suite dataset. The experimental results show that the machine learning based on Random Forest algorithm has more accuracy and significant positioning efficiency. This paper effectively solved the problem of large amount of program spectrum data and multi-coupling fault location, which is very helpful for improving the efficiency of software multiple fault debugging.
Cultural Characteristics and Virulence of Metarhizium spp. to the 2nd Instar Nymphs of Bemisia tabaci

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) is an important insect pest in China and has developed high resistance to many kinds of insecticides. In this study, 8 strains of Metarhizium spp., isolated from different hosts obtained from various geographical locations were evaluated for their virulence against the 2nd instar nymphs of the Q-biotype B. tabaci. The results show that the M. flavoviride strain Mf96 had the highest virulence to the B. tabaci nymphs, with a corrected mortality of 89.5% at 7 d postr treatment and a LT50 value of 3.65 d at the concentration of 1.0×108 conidia/m L. With sprays at 4 concentrations(1.0×108, 1.0×107, 1.0×106 and 1.0×105 conidia/m L) of Mf96 conidial suspension, mortalities of the B. tabaci nymphs increased with treatment concentration and post-treatment time, and the LC50 value was 1.20×107 conidia/m L. Analysis of extracellular protease activities of the 8 strains reveals that enzyme activity(3.64 U/m L) of Mf96 was the highest among all the tested fungal strains. On SDAY medium, Mf96 showed such advantages as fast growth, quick germination and high sporulation, compared to other tested fungal strains. Therefore, Mf96 has a great potential in the biological control of the B. tabaci.
A New System for Assessing Visual Disability Using a Digital Visor

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Considering the lack of universally accepted visual requirements for driving and for defining various grades of visual disability, the aim of this study is to propose a new method that provides a numerical score resulting from a combined assessment of the visual field and visual acuity loss obtained using a digital technology visor. Methods: This study presents a new system for calculating the percentage of visual disability by combining binocular visual acuity and binocular visual field assessments. A new Global Vision Evaluation System digital technology visor uses standardized, reproducible criteria to produce well-defined, numerically expressed test results. Through a specific algorithm, the device produces a numerical value expressing the percentage of visual disability. Results: Eighty-six subjects with various types of visual impairment underwent visual acuity and visual field test examinations carried out employing both traditional methods and the new digital visor. The two methods provided homogeneously similar results regarding the positioning of the subjects on the visual disability scale. Conclusions: The new digital visor seems to be a valid method to ensure that visual disability assessments are more homogeneous and reliable, and that, consequently, the resources available for this purpose are more fairly distributed.
A service‐based runtime environment for native applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Unlike interpreted application programs that run within the rich runtime environment of their own interpreters, natively compiled application programs are typically thought of as executing on the barebones runtime environment provided by their own operating systems and dynamic linkers. This article presents the notion of a service‐based runtime (SBRT) environment for natively compiled application programs, in which the current dynamic linker is only a core service and other extensive middleware‐type services are available to the running application program. It then describes a dynamic‐linker‐based implementation of such an environment, called dlSBRT . dlSBRT implements a unified interface that allows it to be extensible by means of extension dynamic services. Implemented examples of such services are presented and the performance of dlSBRT , when such example services are deployed, is evaluated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bankers Governing the Environment? Private Authority, Power Diffusion and the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the last decade there has been an increasing recognition that non-state actors can be bearers of authority (Clapp, 1998; Cutler, 2003; Cutler et al., 1999; Hall and Biersteker, 2002; Hanson and Salskov-Iversen, 2008; Higgott et al., 2000; Ronit and Schneider, 1999). Conceived of here as legitimized power (Cutler et al., 1999, p. 362; Hall and Biersteker, 2002, p. 3; Hurd, 1999, pp. 381–382), the basis for this authority varies. States delegate authority to Intergovernmental Organizations (IOs) (see Hawkins et al., 2006) but they have also implicitly or explicitly opened spaces for the (re)acquisition of authority by transnational players such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and market actors (Aykens, 2002; Cutler, 2003; Lipschutz and Fogel, 2002).1
EVALUATION OF SAFETY MARGIN OF SEISMICALLY ISOLATED BUILDINGS CONSIDERING HARDENING CHARACTERISTICS OF LAMINATED RUBBER BEARING

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the safety margin of seismically isolated buildings (SIBs) is probabilistically evaluated using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA), and the effect of laminated rubber bearing’s hardening characteristics on the safety margin of SIBs is also verified quantitatively. As a result, since the non-consideration of hardening characteristics overestimates the safety margin, it is important to consider the hardening characteristics in the evaluation of superstructure’s safety margin. Also, tendency of the safety margin probabilistically evaluated by IDA under numbers of actual ground motions is showing high consistency with tendency of that under general design ground motions.