jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Co‐administration of kla‐TAT peptide and iRGD to enhance the permeability on A549 3D multiple sphere cells and accumulation on xenograft mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract To enhance the anticancer activity, tumor penetration ability of the hybrid anticancer peptide, in this study, a TAT (RKKRRQRRR) peptide modified kla peptide (KLAKLAKKLAKLAK, with all D‐amino acids), named kla‐TAT, was co‐administrated with the homing/penetrating peptide iRGD which could enhance the permeability of chemical drug in solid tumor and tumor vessel by co‐administration. In this study, the nonsmall cell lung cancer A549 cell line with the iRGD targeting receptor neuropilin‐1 high expression was selected to establish the 2D monolayer cell, 3D multiple cell spheroids, and xenograft mice model. The co‐administration of iRGD strengthened the permeability of kla‐TAT peptide against A549 2D and 3D sphere model with the penetration improvement property of iRGD; more importantly, co‐administration with iRGD dramatically enhanced the accumulation of kla‐TAT peptide in tumor tissue on the xenograft mice model with the homing property of iRGD. The co‐administration of iRGD strategy confers targeting ability to the hybrid peptide kla‐TAT. We believe the chemical conjugation plus co‐administration approach may provide a promising way for cancer treatment in clinical practices.
On the Two Dimensions of the Legal System Concerning the Allowances Allocation in Carbon Emissions Trading: The Case of Guangdong

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Allowances allocation is one of the key elements concerning the legal framework for carbon emissions trading,the process and results of which have significant influence on the legal rights of and fair competition among enterprises. Despite of the uncertainty concerning the legal nature of the allowances and the right of carbon dioxide emissions in practice as well as in theory,it is important to pay attention to its dual legal nature characterized with the right to development. Due to the special characteristic of legal nature concerning the carbon dioxide emissions right,the government should deal with the legal relationship in terms of the allowances allocation at the vertical and horizontal dimensions carefully,aiming to ensure the fairness as well as the normative behavior of the governments in the allowance allocation.
Influence of fluctuations in stress amplitude on fatigue of metals part 1

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fatigue life of unnotched and notched specimens of SAE 4340 steel and of 17S-T aluminum alloy when subjected to repeated stresses that fluctuated between two different predetermined amplitudes (one less and the other greater than the fitigue limit). Small high speed rotating cantilever beam fatigue testing machines applied to the specimens the two general types of loading cycles studied, which: (1) the amplitude of stress for each test was varied gradually between two predetermined limits, and (2) the stress amplitude was alternated abruptly at regular intervals between two predetermined values.
Chromatin preparation for ChIP-seq in Oikopleura dioica

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a widely used molecular technique for binding site identification of DNA-associated proteins in many organisms. Although well established, its use in non-model organisms usually requires extensive protocol optimisation.
Here we describe an optimized protocol for collection, fixation, lysis and chromatin sonication of three developmental stages of the chordate model Oikopleura dioica, an emergent model organism for chordate developmental and evolutionary biology studies. Includes troubleshooting section of commonly encountered problems.
Cervical spine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Evidence from three small retrospective cohort studies fails to clarify whether timing of the surgery plays a definitive role in recovery and rehabilitation among subjects undergoing surgical treatment for traumatic central cord syndrome (TCSS). There was wide variation with regard to what was considered early versus delayed intervention. Two studies found no difference in improvement of ASIA scores or walking ability between patients undergoing surgery early (within 1 – 14 days) versus delayed (after 1 – 14 days) after injury presentation. One study did find that the interval between injury and surgery was significantly associated with recovery rate. Studies with improved methodology are needed to determine whether the timing of surgery is associated with functional recovery. Since timing and type of treatment may have been influenced by patient presentation and surgeon preferences, there is an opportunity for bias (confounding by indication) as patient groups may be different. Retrospective cohort studies that do not account for differences in patient population and other factors are likely inadequate to address this issue. To provide adequate sample size, a multi-center study could be considered.
International Aspects of the Division of Debt under Secession: The Case of Quebec and Canada

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The contentious issue of dividing Canada's public debt in the event of Quebec's secession has already received considerable attention. Many of the proposed division rules, however, have been either normatively motivated or analytically unjustified. After reviewing the existing literature, this paper uses a positive analytical framework to evaluate the problem, drawing on the perspectives of both sovereign debt theory and bargaining theory. The main conclusion is that while a precise solution cannot be determined definitively, the range of potential settlements may be narrowed considerably and is more likely to be centred around GDP than on population.
BEAM INTENSITY STABILITY OF A 250 MEV SC CYCLOTRON EQUIPPED WITH AN INTERNAL COLD-CATHODE ION SOURCE

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In PSI's new proton therapy facility, the new Gantry-2 will apply the protons with fast 3D pencil beam scanning. During the scan, the beam intensity is controlled with a vertical deflection plate in the center of the new 250 MeV SC cyclotron built by Varian/ACCEL. To deliver a radiation dose with sufficient accuracy with this method, the specification of the short term (ms) stability of the beam intensity is crucial and much more demanding than for standard spot scanning. The SC cyclotron is equipped with an internal "cold cathode" ion source. We have investigated the beam properties for different settings of the source, the plasma conditions and cyclotron parameters. Dedicated control system applications and fast diagnostics of the beam and ion source were used in a systematic approach that successfully improved the beam stability.
The American Quest for the Primitive Church.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The American Quest for the Primitive Church. Ed. by Richard T. Hughes. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988. x + 257 pp. Cloth, $32.50; paper, $12.95.) and Illusions of Innocence: Protestant Primitivism in America, 1630–1875. By Richard T. Hughes and C. Leonard Allen. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988. xviii + 296 pp. $29.95.) Get access Jonathan M. Butler Jonathan M. Butler Riverside, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 77, Issue 1, June 1990, Pages 277–279, https://doi.org/10.2307/2078671 Published: 01 June 1990
Analysis of Liquidity Risk in Private Equity Fund Investment Based on Fuzzy Evaluation Model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The feature and eluding strategy of liquidity is an important aspect in studying private equity fund. This thesis begins with analyzing three features of liquidity fund in PE investment. Then based on effect factors of liquidity risk brought forward by scholars, it constructs an index system for identifying liquidity risk, and establishes a fuzzy evaluation model based on AHP. In the end this thesis brings forward some strategies to reduce PE liquidity risk.
NovelIncompatibility andPartition LocifortheREPIReplication Region ofPlasmid ColV-K30

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

TheminimumpColV-K30 REPIregion necessaryforreplication waslocated within a ca.1.3-kilobase DNA segment. Adjacent totheessential replication sequences,there aretwoDNA regions that expressincompatibility withplasmids containing theF secondary replicon oftheFEcoRIfragment f7.Oneofthese regions corresponds toincE,already described inthatF plasmid fragment whichexpressesincompatibility with f7-containing plasmids. Theother isa novel sequencethat we designated incF, whichconfers incompatibility withREPI,P307,andf7derivatives. cis-acting pColV-K30 sequencesconferring stability toREPI-containing plasmids were alsoidentified andlocalized noncontiguous toREPI,ca.20kilobases downstream fromthe aerobactin 'ron transport genes,whichwerethusflanked byREPIanditspartition (par) sequences.
Ablation of Ephrin B2 in Col2 Expressing Cells Delays Fracture Repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Ephrin B2 is critical for endochondral bone development. In this study, we investigated its role in fracture repair by deleting ephrin B2 in type II collagen (Col.2) expressing cells. We used a nonstable tibia fracture model to evaluate fracture repair at 3 sites: intramembranous bone formation, endochondral bone formation, and intramedullary bone formation. We observed that during fracture repair, deletion of ephrin B2 impaired periosteal stem cell activation, inhibited their proliferation, decreased their survival, and blocked their differentiation into osteoblasts and chondrocytes. In addition, deletion of ephrin B2 decreased vascular endothelial growth factor production as well as vascular invasion into the fracture site. These changes led to reduced cartilage to bone conversion in the callus with decreased new bone formation, resulting in impaired fracture repair. Our data indicate that ephrin B2 in Col2-expressing cells is a critical regulator of fracture repair, pointing to a new and potentially targetable mechanism to enhance fracture repair.
Ian Read Gibbons - Bibliography from Ian Read Gibbons. 30 October 1931—30 January 2018

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ian Read Gibbons is best known for discovering dynein, a molecular motor that powers the motion of cilia and flagella, is involved in assembling the mitotic spindle and moves chromosomes as well as other cargoes inside cells. Gibbons devoted his career in the lab of more than 50 years to understanding the mechanism of how dynein works in driving motility. In doing so, he built a life-long reputation as a creative, collaborative and tenacious researcher with an unusual gift for crafting innovative solutions to tricky experimental problems. His experimental methods spanned electron as well as light microscopy, biochemistry, molecular biology, crystallography and molecular modelling. He perceived the right set of experimental moves that would allow him to dissect and observe the physical underpinnings of minute biological processes such as the delicate movements of dynein. Gibbons traced his success to the ability to envision how pieces of a scientific puzzle might fit together to make a coherent story: ‘My own approach to research has always emphasized intuition over logic. Perhaps for that reason, I get attracted to questions with aesthetic appeal.’ Even though dynein holds much promise for helping to engineer ways to fight disease, Gibbons' focus was always on the intrinsic grace of understanding nature's workings.Gibbons’ marriage to his biochemist wife Barbara played a particularly vital role in his life. Barbara and Ian worked frequently together as she built her own scientific career through their partnership in the study of dynein. Ian's many scientific accomplishments as well as his dedication to his friends and family represent enduring gifts to us all.
Hyperextension at the cervicodorsal junction in osteogenesis imperfecta - a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hyperextension at the cervico-dorsal (CD) junction is rare in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) with no cases being reported in the literature. We report a three-year-old child with OI (Sillence type III 2 ) who presented with: hyperextension at CD junction; low bone mass; thoracolumbar kyphosis; bilateral anterolateral bowing of femora; and failure to thrive.
An Interactive Spreadsheet-Based Tool to Support Teaching Design of Experiments

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper describes an interactive spreadsheet-based tool that can be used to generate data representative of the type that might be obtained running a structured set of experiments. The purpose of this tool is to help the user experience the iterative nature of design and analysis of experiments. The tool supports quick and simple generation of data for one and two-factor problems. The underlying relationships are based on queuing approximations for a single-stage batch production environment. Factor levels are related to product lot sizes and the response is assumed to be average lot flowtimes. Variability due to replication is emulated by sampling from a statistical distribution. Statistical software packages can be used to generate linear or quadratic models from the results generated. Analysis can include the examination of main and interaction effects or the optimization of lot sizes to minimize flowtimes.
Optimization of Shielding Electrode and Inner Shielding Structure for UHV Oil-gas Bushings with Improved Hybrid Algorithm Combining Particle Swarm Optimization and Back-Propagation Neural Network

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract With the development of prototype for UHV oil-gas bushings, E-field distribution around bushing end and structure optimization for shielding electrode is an important issue to be studied. The basic principles and processes of hybrid algorithm combining particle swarm optimization and back-propagation neural network (PSO-BP algorithm) has been discussed in this paper. The optimization capability and accuracy of proposed algorithm has been verified with continuous explicit function. The structure optimization of shielding electrode has been conducted using PSO-BP algorithm. The study shows that PSO-BP algorithm can seek extreme point of testing function exactly, and jump over trap of local optimal solution; three-dimensional full model of bushing is needed in E-field distribution calculation; PSO-BP algorithm has found the best structure parameters of shielding electrode, with which more even E-field distribution can be obtained, and maximum electric strength can be reduced by 64.9%, moreover, the computing time is about 75.2% less than traditional PSO algorithm. The study results have been applied in bushing prototype manufacture which has passed through all testing experiments. The optimization method proposed in the paper can also be used in optimization design for other complex insulation structures.
Renormalization of two-dimensional piecewise linear maps: Abundance of 2-D strange attractors

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

For a two parameter family of two-dimensional piecewise linear maps and for every natural number $n$, we prove not only the existence of intervals of parameters for which the respective maps are n times renormalizable but also we show the existence of intervals of parameters where the coexistence of at least $2^n$ strange attractors takes place. This family of maps contains the two-dimensional extension of the classical one-dimensional family of tent maps.
Spectrum Handoff Management in Cognitive Radio Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising technology that can enhance the radio spectrum utilization by enabling unlicensed users to exploit the spectrum in an opportunistic manner. However, the main challenge is to share the licensed spectrum without interfering transmissions of other licensed users. A CR node needs to vacate the spectrum upon detection of licensed users on a particular frequency band (e.g., spectrum handoff or spectrum mobility) leading to significant network performance drops and switching overheads. This chapter aims to propose a proactive spectrum handoff management scheme to overcome the problem of handoff latency management in CR ad hoc networks. The proposed scheme is modeled and its performance is evaluated using an OPNET simulation tool. Simulation results are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion and future research directions.
Assessing Student Work in Engineering Graphics and Visualization Course

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Advances in computer technology have led to significant changes in the content of the freshman engineering graphics course. Course topics, textbooks, and software choices differ from one institution to another, depending in part on the programs of study the engineering graphics course serves. In addition, institutions differ in the methods used to assess student learning. A number of authors have presented their work in the area of grading criteria and assessment of student work in the freshman engineering graphics course. In the latest revision of the engineering graphics course at Georgia Tech, a backward design approach was used to identify goals for student understanding, to establish assessments for measuring student understanding, and to plan instruction. This paper describes the evolution of the freshman engineering graphics course at Georgia Tech, in terms of course content and assessment methodology. The paper includes a statement of learning objectives, an assessment matrix, and examples of student assignments.
Ethnobotanical and taxonomic screening of genus Morus for wild edible fruits used by the inhabitants of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study was focused on ethnobotanical and taxonomic screening of four wild edible fruit species of family Moraceae including Morus alba L., Morus laevigata Wall., Morus nigra L. and Morus rubra L. used by the local inhabitants of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan. Questionnaires based on semi-structured interviews and observations were used to collect data about ethnobotanical importance of these plants. Morphological, including organoleptographical characters of leaves, flowers, fruits and leaf epidermal anatomy were investigated. Leaf epidermal anatomy was carried out under light microscope. All four species showed variations in fruit size, shape, color, in leaf lamina and base shape, floral characters, leaf epidermis cells shape, size and type of stomata. Such taxonomic variations are significant in correct identification of plant species. Key words: Ethnobotancal, taxonomic screening, Morus, Lesser Himalayas.
Modelling of superelements in mechanism analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The paper deals with substructuring for dynamic analysis of flexible multibody systems. Three different techniques based on component synthesis are discussed, corresponding respectively to fully consistent mass discretization, lumped mass discretization and corotational approximation of inertia forces. To simplify the computer implementation, only the lumped mass and corotational approximations have been considered in detail and programmed. Both approaches are validated on simple examples of rotating beams for which a full elastic model is available using a fully non‐linear beam element. The computational efficiency of the corotational inertia approach is also demonstrated on the deployment of a large flexible satellite antenna.
Small Serotonin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Pancreas Associated With Pancreatic Duct Obstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Serotonin produced by pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors can induce fibrosis and pancreatic duct obstruction. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors should be considered when CT shows a small hypervascular mass associated with upstream pancreatic duct dilatation or atrophy. Evidence of small pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors should be sought in cases of idiopathic pancreatic duct stenosis.
Customized Three-Dimensional-Printed Orthopedic Close Contact Casts for the Treatment of Stable Ankle Fractures: Finite Element Analysis and a Pilot Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ankle fracture is one of the most common traumatic fractures among the elderly population. The majority of ankle fractures are stable types with the typically conservative strategy of close contact casting treatment. The continuous use of unventilated standard cast immobilization severely affects patient's satisfaction and compliance and markedly increases the rates of various complications. Three-dimensional (3D) printing for casts has advantages of lightweight, ventilated, proper-fit, and esthetic improvements. In this work, this novel 3D-printed cast has been applied to individuals with stable ankle fractures, and its effectiveness can be successfully validated with finite element analysis and a pilot study. A 30% reduction of the volume was chosen as the optimal result in topology optimization. Both 3D-printed casts and conventional casts showed significant ankle function improvement after immobilization for 6 weeks (p = 0.000). The 3D-printed casts were superior to the traditional casts in Olerud-Molander Ankle Scores (OMAS), with the mean difference of 8.3 ± 8.57 OMAS points (95% CI -10.8 to 27.5; p = 0.354) for 6 weeks, implying that the 3D-printed casts possibly maintain the equal clinical efficacy as the traditional casts. The statistically significant difference between groups from the 3D-printed cast and the traditional one observed in C-QUEST 2.0 was 11.3 ± 1.5 points (95% CI 8.0-14.6; p = 0.000), indicating that the 3D-printed cast possesses outperforming satisfaction and compliance and has great potential in practical applications. There were no severe complications in the 3D-printed casts, but more moderate complications were observed in the traditional casts.
Evaluation of temporomandibular disorder symptoms and oral health-related quality of life in adolescent orthodontic patients with different dental malocclusions

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in adolescent orthodontic patients with different dental malocclusions and to assess the relationship between oral health-related quality of life.Methods: This study was carried out on 648 randomly selected individuals 14-19 years of age. Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), Fonseca Questionnaire, and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) forms were used.Results: The GCPS, TMD Pain, Fonseca, OHIP-14, PHQ-9, GAD-7, OBC, and PHQ-15 mean scores of female participants were statistically significantly higher than males (p < 0.05).There was a significant difference among the malocclusion groups in terms of their mean scores in GCPS, Fonseca, and OHIP-14 (p < 0.05).The age values and JFLS, TMD Pain, Fonseca, OHIP-14, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and PHQ-15 were statistically significant correlations in the positive direction.Conclusion: The DC/TMD form allows both a physical assessment of Axis I and II that examines psychosocial status and pain-related disorders and a more comprehensive assessment. The mean OHIP-14 and Fonseca questionnaire scores of Class III groups were found to be significantly higher.