jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity of Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Population in South Eastern Nigeria Using Microsatellite Markers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A study was conducted to estimate the diversity that exists among three rabbit populations adapted to the South-Eastern part of Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 75 matured, mixed-sex, and unrelated three rabbit breeds selected across the zone. Eight microsatellites (Sol30, Sol33, and Sol44, Sat3, Sat7, Sat8, Sat12, and INRA) markers were used for the study. These microsatellites were uniformly distributed among rabbit genomes for genotyping. Subsequently, genetic variability within and between breeds was calculated. Allelic frequencies and Hardy-Weinberg equilibriums as well as Analysis of Molecular Variance, were also estimated using GenAlEX 6.41 software. Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) for the population structure of the rabbit breeds was performed in R v.3.5.0 using the R package adegenet. All the 8 loci amplified in this study were found to be 100% polymorphic, the observed allele sizes and their frequencies for the microsatellite markers in every three breeds showed that the highest frequency was 0.330 for the allele with the size of 470bp at Sol33 locus in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. The Nei’s genetic identities and distances between Chinchilla (CHI) and Dutch (DUT), CHI and NZW, DUT and NZW obtained in this study were [0.173, 0.185, and 0.189] and [1.753, 1.689, and 1.666] respectively. The dendrogram and biplot revealed that the three breeds were identified at two separate clusters. In addition, the admixture level of an individual rabbit among the three breeds indicated that the breeds were not pure and also the existence of more polymorphism within the breed than among the breed diversity.
Ion Exchange for Product Recovery in Lactic Acid Fermentation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Lactic acid fermentation is a product-inhibited fermentation, and product recovery costs in downstream processing are considerable. In this paper the feasibility of ion exchange as a technique for product separation is investigated. In initial experiments an indigenously manufactured weak-base resin was found to show promise, and detailed equilibrium and kinetic data required for design and scaleup of the separation process have been obtained for this resin under conditions of relevance to the fermentation. The equilibria show Langmuir-type characteristics. The equilibria have also been established with HCl, which is a possible eluent. Kinetic studies show that the uptake can be described by a shrinking-core mechanism, with diffusion through the particle controlling. The effect of important medium components such as glucose and phosphate on the uptake of lactic acid has been established. Studies of the uptake of these components from fermentation media have been carried out.
Breeding the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) in a laboratory environment.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A breeding colony of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) established in 1972 produced 35 live infants during the first 3 years from an average daily population of 30 monogamous pairs. Initial productivity was poor, but once the breeding pairs were set up by karyotypes, reproductive performance improved. No seasonal influence on births was observed and most births occurred during daylight hours. Uterine size during gestation ranged from about 1 cm in diameter at 30 days after conception to 7--8 cm (transverse diameter) x 18--20 cm (longitudinal diameter) at 115 days after conception. The fetal head was palpable at 85 days. A gestation period of 120-140 days was estimated from extrapolation of uterine palpation data and interbirth intervals. Vaginal swabs collected from six females during two separate 1-month periods did not consistently reveal estrous cycles. An analysis of owl monkey milk showed it to contain 88.2% water, 2.16% crude protein, 2.09% fat, 7.52% lactose, and 0.36% ash.
Herbal Drug Use to Treat Urolithiasis: An Updated Review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 12% of the world's population suffers from urolithiasis, a disorder that causes stones to develop in the kidney, bladder, and/or urethra (the urinary system). The illness increases the likelihood of developing chronic renal illnesses in addition to impairing kidney function. Three phases make up the mechanism for the production of stones: nucleation, growth, and aggregation of crystals. Because of their medicinal and antioxidant properties, as well as their active substances, medicinal plants have positive benefits on human health. The traditional medicinal herbs' diuretic qualities are increasingly being backed by scientific research. Urinary calculi patients complain of hematuria, discomfort, or infection. Individuals with tiny, non-obstructing stones or staghorn calculi have moderate, easily managed symptoms in addition to other symptoms. The illness increases the likelihood of developing chronic renal illnesses in addition to impairing kidney function. Therefore, a plant's or a herbal formulation's antiurolithiatic effect may be the result of a combination of its antioxidant, diuretic, and crystallization-inhibiting properties. Keywords: Urolithiasis, diuresis, herbal drug, calcium oxalate stone
The Gender Labor Market Gap in the Digital Economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Recent years have seen an ever-greater expansion of the digital economy, a development that may bring new opportunities to workers who were at a disadvantage in the traditional economy. We focus on a specific set of workers who belong to such a group: women. We study a skill set of particular relevance in the digital economy and estimate their returns in the labor market, according to gender, across four Latin American countries. We find that information and communication technologies (ICT) skills and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) skills yield significant positive returns for both men and women. However, there is a significant gender gap that favors men on the STEM returns. There is also a sizable gender gap regarding the amount of skills accumulated by gender. Through an Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, we estimate that up to 80% of the gender gap in hourly wages may be due to the lower returns that women receive, relative to men, on their STEM skills. If an investment in skills relevant to the digital economy may be beneficial for the labor market performance of both men and women, why returns to STEM exhibit such strong gender asymmetries remains an open and relevant question.
Abstract 15673: Structural Remodeling Determinants of Reduced Left Atrial Blood Flow Measured by 4D Flow MRI in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is due in part to reduced blood flow in the left atrium (LA). Hypothesis: Using MR-based measures, we tested the hypothesis that AF patients with reduced LA flow are more likely to have a greater amount of structural remodeling characterized by larger LA volume and more LA fibrosis. Methods: MRI data were obtained from 23 AF patients (18 male, 66±11 years old). Nine patients were in sinus rhythm and 14 were in AF at the time of the MRI. MR angiography was used to calculate LA volume. Delayed enhancement images were used to quantify the amount of fibrosis as a percentage of the total surface area of the LA. 4D flow MRI was used to measure the blood flow velocity and stasis (% of LA velocities <0.2 m/s) in the LA. The average of the top 50% of the flow velocities was used as the representative velocity measure. Linear regression was used to test the association between LA hemodynamics, LA volume and LA fibrosis. Results: Compared with p...
Defining Clonal Hematopoiesis in Childhood Cancer Survivors[a Prospective, Single Center Study]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Childhood cancer has an ~80% cure rate but comes at the cost of long-term secondary health consequences. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is a consequence of aging and a precursor to myeloid malignancies. The presence of CH in adults confers an increase in all-cause mortality, predominately thrombotic events, including stroke and myocardial infarction. The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCCS) has demonstrated the phenomenon of accelerated aging in childhood cancer survivors-24-year-old survivors of childhood cancer have the same cumulative incidence of grade 3-5 health conditions as a 50-year-old sibling. Currently there is no earlier method of detection or risk stratification for these patients other than screening complete blood counts (CBC) at yearly clinic visits. To date, clonal hematopoiesis has not been prospectively studied in this population in an unbiased fashion and represents a critical knowledge gap which may help us better care for this population. Rational and Hypothesis: To determine the rate of clonal hematopoiesis in childhood cancer survivors. We hypothesize that the accelerated aging experienced by pediatric survivors promotes clonal hematopoiesis and confers an increased risk of leukemia/myelodysplasia. Methods: Consented and enrolled 300 eligible patients from our survivorship clinic. Processed peripheral blood samples using a Ficoll-Paque Premium to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) within 72 hours of collection. gDNA was isolated using Qiagen DNeasy and CH-associated mutations were identified using a hybridization capture-based targeted sequencing panel covering 24 genes predicted to encompass >95% of CH mutations observed in adults (Vanderbilt VANTAGE). Sequencing coverage of >500x allowed for variant frequency detection down to 1%. Raw data was aligned with BWA-MEM and analyzed with the Terra Bio CHIP Detection workspace following GATK best practice guidelines. Results: 273 patients had a CHIP analysis completed We were able to enroll a representative cohort of pediatric cancer survivors. The age of our patient sample ranged from 3 to 30 years and time from therapy ranged from 2 to 20 years. Patients had a wide variety of chemotherapy exposures as well as diagnoses. Of the 273 patient samples that were analyzed we had 63 mutations in 27 unique patients. These mutations included Nonsynonymous SNV, Stopgain and Frameshift mutations in TET 2, DNMT3A, ASXL1 and ASXL2, CBL and TP53. This was a rate of 9.9% which is much higher than what is reported in the literature for general population studies in adults. Conclusions: Childhood cancer and its treatment is associated with an increased risk for clonal hematopoiesis in genes such as TET2 and DNMT3A, genes implicated in cardiovascular events and drivers of myeloid malignancy. These events, while rare, suggest a vulnerability that with further exploration/characterization will aide in the prevention/treatment of these devastating late effects. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal
1st-line mFOLFOXIRI + panitumumab vs FOLFOXIRI treatment of RAS wt mCRC: A randomized phase II VOLFI trial of the AIO (KRK-0109)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This trial evaluated activity and safety of mFOLFOXIRI + panitumumab vs FOLFOXIRI in ECOG 0-1, primarily non-resectable mCRC patients. Methods: Prospective 2:1 randomized, multi-center, phase II trial comparing mFOLFOXIRI (Ox 85, Iri 150, 5-FU 3000, LV 200) + Panitumumab 6 mg/KG (arm A) with FOLFOXIRI (Ox 85, Iri 165, 5-FU 3200 cont. 48h, LV 200; arm B). Cohort 1: irresectable mCRC; cohort 2: chance of secondary resection of metastatic lesions. Primary endpoint: ORR, secondary endpoints: secondary resection rate, DCR, PFS, OS, toxicity, QL (QLQ-C30). Financially supported by an unrestricted grant from Amgen. Results: A total of 96 patients were randomized (63 arm A, 33 arm B). After an observation time of 29 months in both arms, final ORR results are displayed in the table. PFS in arm A reached 9.7 mo, in arm B 10.1 mo (HR 0.92, p=n.s.). PFS cohort II was 13.0 vs 9.0 mo in arm A and B, respectively (HR0.457, p = 0.068). PFS in BRAF mutated was comparable between arm A and B (6.5 vs 6.1 mo, HR 1.368, n.s.). Secondary resections were achieved in 33.3% (arm A) and 12.1% (arm B), R0 in 61.9% vs. 75.0%, respectively. In cohort 1, resections were achieved in 14% vs 0%, in cohort 2 in 75% vs 36.4%. RFS after resection of metastases was 7.9 vs 4.0 months in arm A and B, respectively (HR 0.623, p=n.s.). Treatment related adverse advents grade 3-5 occured in 81.3% and 66.7% in arms A and B, respectively (p = 0.1336). Non.haematological AEs grade 3-5 were more frequent in arm A (71.9%) than in arm B (39.4%), p = 0.0039. Nevertheless, no differences in global health status, functional scales, and symptom scales were reported.Table: 453PDmFOLFOXIRI +PmabFOLFOXIRIp-valueOdds Ratio95%-CIITT, n = 9687.360.60.00414.4691.614-12.376Cohort II, n = 31100.063.30.010524.61.1778-513.8Left, n = 7890.668.00.02104.5181.298-15.718Right, n = 1870.037.50.34163.8890.543-27.886RAS/BRAF wt, n = 6086.064.70.08063.3640.902-12.549BRAF mut, n = 1685.722.20.040621.0001.504-293.25 Open table in a new tab Conclusions: mFOLFOXIRI + Panitumumab results in significantly higher ORR compared to FOLFOXIRI. Strong effectivity was observed also in right sided and BRAF mutated CRC. High secondary resection rates could be achieved. Although toxicity (treatment related SAEs) was increased, QL reporting was similar in both arms. OS is still immature, but will be presented first time at the meeting. Clinical trial identification: NCT01328171. Legal entity responsible for the study: AIO Studien GmbH. Funding: Amgen. Disclosure: M. Geissler: Honararium, advisory boards: Amgen, Sanofi, Merck, Lilly. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Comparison of low-glycoalkaloid potato protein and fish meal as protein sources for weaner piglets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A total of 32 weaner piglets (Landrace×Yorkshire) with an average initial body weight of 9.6±1.2 kg, and 29.8±2.7 days of age, were used in a 28-day growth assay to compare low-glycoalkaloid potato protein with fish meal as the main protein source. The piglets were housed pair-wise in pens and were fed semi-ad libitum. During feeding the piglets were separated allowing individual feeding within the pen. Four diets were tested with varying proportions of a high quality fish meal (F) and low-glycoalkaloid potato protein (P): diet A (10% F); diet B (5% F and 5% P); diet C (2.5% F and 7.5% P) and diet D (10% P). On average, in weeks 1–4, the piglets on diets C and D had higher feed intakes (17%; P<0.01) and daily weight gains (18%; P<0.05) than the piglets on diets A and B. There was no effect of diet (P>0.05) on feed conversion. It can be concluded from the present study that low-glycoalkaloid potato protein can completely replace high quality fish meal in diets for weaner pigs. The improved feed intake and daily gain with increasing inclusion suggests that low-glycoalkaloid potato protein may be superior to fish meal as a protein source for weaner pigs.
Reshaping quantum device noise via repetition code circuits

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Noise of a quantum processor can be an important resource for simulating open quantum dynamics. However, this requires characterizing the device noise and then transforming it into a target structure. Here, we take the first step toward this goal: We analytically and numerically study reshaping the noise associated with native trapped-ion two-qubit entangling gates via quantum circuits based on repetition codes, and demonstrate our findings on the IonQ Aria-1 quantum hardware. We investigate all the building blocks, including the quantum channels describing noisy two-qubit entangling gates, the compilation of the encoding circuits into native gates, and the propagation of two-qubit errors across ideal single-qubit gates.
All Dogs Have ADHD

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

All Dogs Have ADHD takes an inspiring and affectionate look at Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), using images and ideas from the canine world to explore a variety of traits that will be instantly recognisable to those who are familiar with ADHD. Following the style of the award-winning All Cats Have Asperger Syndrome, charming colour photographs of dogs bring to life familiar ADHD characteristics such as being restless and excitable, getting easily distracted, and acting on impulse. This delightful book combines humour with understanding to reflect the difficulties and joys of raising a child with ADHD and celebrates what it means to be considered `different'. This absorbing and enjoyable book takes a refreshing approach to understanding ADHD.
Learning Gaussian Instance Segmentation in Point Clouds

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel method for instance segmentation of 3D point clouds. The proposed method is called Gaussian Instance Center Network (GICN), which can approximate the distributions of instance centers scattered in the whole scene as Gaussian center heatmaps. Based on the predicted heatmaps, a small number of center candidates can be easily selected for the subsequent predictions with efficiency, including i) predicting the instance size of each center to decide a range for extracting features, ii) generating bounding boxes for centers, and iii) producing the final instance masks. GICN is a single-stage, anchor-free, and end-to-end architecture that is easy to train and efficient to perform inference. Benefited from the center-dictated mechanism with adaptive instance size selection, our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in the task of 3D instance segmentation on ScanNet and S3DIS datasets.
Ellipsis in appositives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the internal and external syntax of non-restrictive nominal appositives (NAPs), such as John Smith in I met an old friend, John Smith, at the pub. It is shown that the internal constitution of NAPs bears directly on the analysis of the irrelation to the surrounding host sentence, in that a rich internal syntax obviates the need for any direct syntactic ­connection between host and NAP. It is shown that NAPs are structurally independent sentence fragments that can be freely employed either sequentially (as ‘afterthoughts’) or as interpolated, ­supplemental speech acts, autonomous from the host in prosody, interpretation, and syntax. The ­analysis ­renders superfluous powerful extensions of core syntax/semantics proposed in previous work to capture the syntactic properties of NAPs and other parentheticals, concluding instead that NAPs warrant no enrichment of UG.
The Reasons to Follow Conventional Practices

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article challenges a reductive analysis of social practices by distinguishing five kinds of reason for following the rules of conventional practices. Depending on one's preferred intellectual tradition, conventional practices enable coordination, facilitate cooperation, constitute activities, fulfil reciprocity, or specify abstract rights. Instead of being rival theories of social practices, these different models complement one another in a normative analysis of social practices. By distinguishing five kinds of reasons to follow conventional rules, this paper supports a more dynamic conventionalist analysis of subjects like property, the law, professional obligation, civic responsibility, and culture.
An Analysis of ECG Beats by Using the Mahalanobis Distance Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a simple and new method to analyze the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals for diagnosing cardiac arrhythmias utilizing the Mahalanobis distance method. It can accurately classify and distinguish the difference between normal heart beats (NORM) and abnormal heart beats. The illnesses with abnormal heart beats may include the following: left bundle branch block (LBBB), right bundle branch block (RBBB), ventricular premature contractions (VPC), and atrial premature contractions (APC). Analysis of the ECG signals consists of three major stages: (1) detecting the QRS waveform; (2) the qualitative features extraction; and (3) illness case determination. In these experiments, the sensitivity achieves 98.28%, 90.35%, 86.97%, 92.19%, and 94.86% for NORM, LBBB, RBBB, VPC, and APC, respectively. The average accuracy rate of all experiments is about 93.57%.
Efficacy of Pre-Donation Screening Tools in Reducing Adverse Reactions Among Blood Donors: A Comparative Analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Pre-donation screening is essential for minimizing adverse reactions in blood donors, yet the efficacy of different screening protocols in preventing such reactions varies. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of three pre-donation screening tools in reducing adverse reactions among blood donors. Methods: A total of 300 donors at a tertiary hospital were randomly assigned to one of three screening protocols: standard (Tool A), comprehensive (Tool B), or rapid (Tool C). Adverse reactions were monitored during and after donation. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the incidence of reactions across groups. Results: Comprehensive screening (Tool B) had the lowest incidence of adverse reactions (7%) and no severe reactions. Standard screening (Tool A) resulted in moderate reactions (13%), while rapid screening (Tool C) had the highest reaction rate (23%), including severe cases (3%). Conclusion: Comprehensive screening was the most effective at reducing adverse reactions, though it required more time. A targeted approach, using comprehensive screening for high-risk donors, is recommended for optimizing donor safety.
A Three-Dimensional Honeycomb-Like Network Constructed with Novel “Sinusoidal” One-Dimensional Chains via Hydrogen Bonding and π−π Interactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A one pot reaction of MnCl2, acetylene dicarboxylate (C4O42-), and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpe) leads to a compound formulated as [{Mn(bpe)(H2O)4}(C4O4)·4.5H2O] and has been shown by single crystal structure analysis to be a three-dimensional network with hexagonal and rhombohedral channels encapsulating C4O42- and water molecules, constructed by the one-dimensional "sinusoidal" [Mn(bpe)(H2O)4]n2+ cationic chains through extensive hydrogen-bonding and π−π interactions.
Quantitative three-dimensional low-speed wake surveys

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Theoretical and practical aspects of conducting three-dimensional wake measurements in large wind tunnels are reviewed with emphasis on applications in low-speed aerodynamics. Such quantitative wake surveys furnish separate values for the components of drag, such as profile drag and induced drag, but also measure lift without the use of a balance. In addition to global data, details of the wake flowfield as well as spanwise distributions of lift and drag are obtained. The paper demonstrates the value of this measurement technique using data from wake measurements conducted by Boeing on a variety of low-speed configurations including the complex high-lift system of a transport aircraft.