jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Management guide for the backyard flock

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Over the last several decades, poultry production has become a large and profitable industry. This is partly because of increased demand for a nutritious, low-fat protein source such as chicken and partly because low prices have tended to increase consumption of poultry products. Although relatively low poultry prices have resulted from improvements in commercial poultry operation management, raising backyard chickens remains popular.
Sexual Identity, Gender Identity, and a Christian Upbringing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article compares the results of two qualitative studies, the first examining conflict between sexual identity and a Christian upbringing and the second examining conflict between gender identity and a Christian upbringing. After briefly reviewing the theoretical frameworks, methodology, and results of these two studies, similarities and differences will be discussed. Finally, this article will offer implications for theory and practice as well as recommendations for future research.
Neurocognitive function (NCF) in patients (pts) treated with chemo/bio-radiotherapy (C/B-RT) for head and neck cancers (HNC).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

5522 Background: There is evidence that cancer and/or its treatment can impair thinking abilities. To date, there have been no longitudinal studies exploring NCF in HNC pts. We present a prospective NCF assessment in HNC pts treated with C/B-RT. Methods: Baseline information including pt demographics, primary tumor site, stage, smoking/alcohol history, systemic therapy details and RT dosimetry were collected. All pts underwent a 2-hour battery of NCF testing at baseline and at 1-year (yr). Domains evaluated included memory, motor skills, intelligence, language, attention, processing speed and executive function (EF). Performances on the various tests were transformed to Z-scores using normative data. NCF decline was defined as a Z-score decrease of ≥-1 and improvement as a Z-score increase of ≥+1. Pts also had subjective assessments of anxiety, depression, NCF and quality of life (QOL) using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and FACT questionnaires. QOL was considered significantly altered if FACT score changes were ≥ +10 (improvement) / -10 (decline). Results: Pt demographics (n= 24) were M:F= 19:5, mean age= 61.2, CRT(cisplatin):BRT(panitumumab):RT= 14:6:4, oropharynx:other= 21:3. At 1-yr, 6 pts (25%) had NCF decline in at least one cognitive domain, with memory and attention being most frequently affected (n= 3 each). Three of 6 pts with NCF decline had multiple domains affected, most frequently in memory, attention and EF. One pt with NCF declines in intelligence, memory and attention received the highest RT dose to the frontal and temporal lobes. Five pts had NCF improvements, albeit only in a single domain each. Although 96% of pts did not report severe levels of anxiety or depression, more pts subjectively reported lower NCF (46%) and QOL (33%) than those reporting higher NCF or QOL (17% and 8% respectively) at 1-yr. There was no clear association between changes in objective NCF and changes in subjective NCF or QOL. Conclusions: C/B-RT in HNC pts may be associated with NCF decline at 1-yr and can affect multiple domains. Subjective declines in NCF and QOL were more frequent than objective NCF declines. Longer-term follow up is underway to further characterize these findings.
Experimental study on the possible profilatic action of the gentian's violet in the toxoplasma transmission through blood transfusion

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Devido a evidências sugestivas da possibilidade de transmissão da toxoplasmose por transfusão de sangue, os autores se propuseram avaliar o papel preventivo da violeta de genciana, à semelhança do que já é estabelecido para a doença de Chagas. O experimento em camundongos revelou a ação profilática da violeta de genciana quando adicionado ao sangue a ser transfundido na concentração de 1/1000 e permanência por 48 horas na geladeira.
Phase II evaluation of aclarubicin in refractory adult acute leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aclarubicin, a new anthracycline antibiotic, was used to treat 24 adult patients with refractory adult leukemia, using a total dose of 300 mg/m2 (75 mg/m2/day X 4). There were 20 patients with acute myelogenous and four with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Approximately two-thirds of the patients had a Karnofsky score of less than or equal to 2, and two-thirds had received two or more previous induction programs. Interim bone marrow evaluation was obtained in 18 of 30 remission induction courses and revealed marked hypocellularity in 14, inadequate specimens in three, and persistent disease in one. Seven patients received more than one course. Two patients refused further therapy. In patients with myelogenous leukemia, there were two complete remissions lasting 10 and 16 months and one partial remission lasting 4 1/2 months. There were no responders in patients with lymphoblastic leukemia. Toxicity included profound leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, moderate nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and mucositis. There were no cardiac symptoms associated with the drug infusion, but there were three late events possibly associated with anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Used in this dosage schedule, aclarubicin is an active, but toxic, agent in the acute myelogenous leukemias.
A novel multialgoritmic approach for improving accuracy of iris recognition using Haar, multiresolution and new block sum method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The basic aim of biometric identification system is to discriminate automatically between subjects in a reliable and dependable way, according to specific-target application. The randomness of iris pattern makes it one of the most reliable biometric traits. The personal identification approaches using mutialgorithmic are more promising now a day. In this paper a multialgoritmic approach for feature extraction using, a new block-sum method, which results in a compact and efficient feature vector, Haar transform and multiresolution feature extraction techniques is used. The experimental results show that this technique gives most promising results as compared to the existing approaches.
ABDOMINOPERINEAL LEVATOR ANI REPAIR FOR RECTAL PROLAPSE: TECHNIQUE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A review some twenty years ago of the then popular rectosigmiodectomy for complete rectal prolapse having shown an excessive recurrence rate and a high incidence of incontinence, it was felt essential to seek for a more satisfactory and reliable surgical procedure for its management. This was achieved in the form of an operation, carried out from above and below, approximating the levator ani anterior to the rectum. This has given very much more satisfactory results, and is described in detail in this paper.
Sensitive detection of Treponema pallidum DNA from the whole blood of patients with syphilis by the nested PCR assay

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this work was to investigate the application of the nested PCR assay for the detection of Treponema pallidum (TP) DNA from the blood of patients with different stages of syphilis. In this study, a nested PCR method targeting the Tpp47 and polA genes (Tpp47-Tp-PCR and polA-Tp-PCR) was developed to detect TP-DNA in whole blood samples collected from 262 patients with different stages of syphilis (84 primary syphilis, 97 secondary syphilis, and 81 latent syphilis patients). The PCR assay detected T. pallidum DNA in 53.6% and 62.9% of the patients with primary and secondary syphilis, respectively, which was much higher than the detection levels in patients with latent syphilis (7.4%) (both p < 0.001). For primary syphilis, a low RPR (0–16) was correlated with a higher detection rate of TP-DNA, whereas for secondary syphilis, the higher detection rate of blood TP-DNA was correlated with higher blood RPR titers (at or beyond 32). For latent syphilis, TP-DNA was only detectable by PCR in the early phase of the latent infection. Thus, blood RPR titers were correlated with the blood T. pallidum burden, but the correlations varied with primary and secondary syphilis. The results indicate that nested PCR is a sensitive method for detecting blood TP-DNA and is especially useful for detecting early syphilis including primary syphilis and secondary syphilis. The findings also suggest that the PCR assay may be used to complement other methods to enhance the diagnosis of syphilis.
Muscarinic M1 agonists in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The treatment of Alzheimer's disease attempts to correct cholinergic deficiency in the brain. In addition to the established, but restricted, efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, attempts are being made to develop agents which will stimulate muscarinic receptors directly. This approach is logical and was found efficacious in several animal models of the disease; however none of these agents succeeded in clinical studies. Several reasons might account for this failure, which are discussed, as well as the prospects for the future.
Ciclopirox protects mitochondria from hydrogen peroxide toxicity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The mitochondrial respiratory chain produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) during normal electron transport. Despite producing ROS, mitochondria are vulnerable to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with many degenerative diseases, making it important to identify compounds that protect mitochondria from ROS‐mediated toxicity. Here we report that ciclopirox (CPX) blocks H 2 O 2 ‐induced mitochondrial injury by maintaining mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δ ψm ). CPX completely blocked H 2 O 2 ‐stimulated release of lactate dehydrogenase (a marker of cell death) and decrease in MTT reduction (a marker of mitochondrial function) in adenocarcinoma SK‐HEP‐1 cells. H 2 O 2 rapidly depolarized the Δ ψm , and CPX blocked this H 2 O 2 ‐stimulated Δ ψm decrease. Similar data were obtained in experiments using mitochondria isolated from rat liver. Furthermore, CPX effectively inhibited H 2 O 2 ‐induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening. In de‐energized mitochondria, however, CPX did not inhibit Ca 2+ ‐evoked MPTP opening, indicating that CPX is not a direct inhibitor of the MPTP. Oxygen consumption studies showed that in the presence of pyruvate and malate CPX restored the rate of state 3 to state 4 respiration decreased by H 2 O 2 . Consistent with this, CPX replenished ATP levels lowered by H 2 O 2 . The present results indicate that CPX protects SK‐HEP‐1 cells from H 2 O 2 cytotoxicity by inhibiting Δ ψm decrease and indirectly preventing MPTP opening. British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145 , 469–476. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706206
Pentecostal Power: A Study on the Origin and Conflicts of Glossolalia within Nineteenth Century Mormonism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As the tenants and structure of Moromonism took shape in the 1800s church members and leadership worked toward an understanding of the role glossolalia — the practice of speaking in tongues, would have within the young church. Jeremy Lofthouse explores how the practice was accepted, tolerated and eventually disabused by church leaders through an investigation of both the role it played for leadership and for congregation members.
Safer discharge from intensive care to hospital wards

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Papers p 1274

Intensive care in the United Kingdom is certainly underprovided relative to many developed counties. The United States spends over 1% of its gross national product on providing intensive care, while Britain spends around 0.05%—possibly twentyfold less.1 But intensive care remains largely outside the evidence based paradigm—apparently for ethical reasons. Judging the appropriateness of intensive care provision still depends solely on apparent unmet need and observed associations of prognostic indicators with mortality. This week's BMJ sees another such study.2

It seems too easy to claim benefit in intensive care on the basis of biological plausibility and observational comparison alone. For example, a recent Cochrane overview of 30 trials on the effect of intravenous albumin for acute renal failure,3 which showed significant harm, was dismissed by some enthusiasts.4 The writings of respected and dispassionate authors who have held intensive care to be immune from randomisation do not help this apparent impasse. 5 6 In the absence of any rigorous measurement of attributable effect, intensive care will continue to be provided on the basis of evidence that is unacceptable in other areas of health enhancement. With 21st century medical technology …
A Bird’s-Eye View on Compliance with the Law of Armed Conflict 70 Years After the Adoption of the Geneva Conventions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Against the background of a significant number of compliance mechanisms that the law of armed conflict (LoAC) provides for, on the one hand, and the fact that violations remain a pervasive feature of contemporary armed conflict, on the other, the present chapter examines five distinct compliance-related clusters. It begins by a reminder of the various existent compliance mechanisms and a plea for an honest, inter-disciplinary stocktaking of their efficacy. This is followed by another plea, namely for contextualizing compliance and compliance mechanisms and for moderating the expectations as to what they can achieve as counterweights to the myriad of factors that are prevalent in armed conflicts and that cause violations of the LoAC. The chapter then proceeds with addressing three particular trends that pose particular challenges in relation to compliance: the prevalence of non-international armed conflicts; that the current discourse about compliance is dominated by a culture of repression rather than prevention; and that compliance is increasingly individualized at the expense of addressing the collective nature of the violence inherent in armed conflict as the context in which violations occur.
An algorithmic module toolkit to support quality management for building performance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Data from building automation systems is so far used for the operation of building systems and components only. The following work shows how this data can be used to enhance the building’s performance by strategically detecting potential sources for building optimization. With this method, faults and optimization potentials of the building operation can be detected; thus, the quality gap regarding efficiency and comfort aspects between design and operation can then be reduced. Furthermore, the intelligent use of data enables the realization of economic savings to support facility management with regards to increasingly complex HVAC systems. Effective quality management – rapid, transparent and cost effective – is carried out with the aid of digital methods, which are already state of the art in other industries.
The effectiveness of complex treatment of acute catarrhal mastitis in cows

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The article presents data on the study of the therapeutic efficacy of methods for treating cows with acute catarrhal mastitis. The research was carried out on the basis of 2 cattle farms SPK (collective farm) "Kolos" Myasnikovsky district of Rostov region and individual entrepreneur Head of the peasant (farm) farm AA Berekchiyan Myasnikovsky district of the Rostov region, as well as on the basis of the North Caucasian zonal research veterinary institute - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center". To study the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment regimen for acute catarrhal mastitis, 2 groups of animals (experimental and control) were also formed according to the principle of analogous pairs, 15 animals each. Control cows were injected with the antibacterial drug amoxicillin LA 15% twice with an interval of 48 hours at the rate of 1 ml of the drug per 10 kg of animal body weight. The drug was administered fractionally, divided into 2 injections. The animals of the experimental group were also injected with the semisynthetic antibiotic amoxicillin LA 15% twice with an interval of 48 hours at the rate of 1 ml of the drug per 10 kg of the animal's body weight. The treatment regimen was supplemented by exposing the animal's body to pulsed low-intensity infrared laser radiation with simultaneous exposure to pulsed incoherent infrared and red radiation and a constant magnetic field in the infiltrate area once a day at the rate of 5 minutes per 10 cm2 of the affected area for 5-7 days. In the course of our research, it was found that therapy for catarrhal mastitis using pulsed low-intensity infrared laser radiation with simultaneous exposure to pulsed incoherent infrared and red radiation and a constant magnetic field in the infiltrate area once a day, as well as the semisynthetic antibiotic amoxicillin LA 15% twice with at intervals of 48 hours showed a high degree of effectiveness. This is confirmed by the rapid recovery of the clinical picture, physiological parameters, and morphological data of the blood of experimental animals. The therapeutic efficiency of the proposed method of treatment was 100%, recovery occurred on average in 3.9 ± 0.15 days. The signs of the inflammatory process disappeared gradually, however, by the 3rd day of treatment, the secretion of milk was completely restored and a significant improvement in the condition of the animals was noted.
Twin pregnancy with a complete hydatidiform mole and co-existing fetus following in-vitro fertilization: Case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hydatidiform mole with a co-existing live fetus is a rare event. We report the case of a 41 year old Caucasian woman who attended for in-vitro fertilization. Three embryos, containing two apparently normal pronuclei, were transferred into the uterus. A twin pregnancy with a live fetus and a complete mole ensued. The pregnancy was managed conservatively until 28 weeks gestation when, following an episode of major antepartum haemorrhage, a live female infant was delivered by Caesarean section. The mole, weighing over 1.7 kg, was successfully evacuated. Following delivery, serum human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations returned to baseline and remain within the normal range at 24 months. Both mother and daughter are well on assessment 24 months later.
The merger of Qantas and Australian Airlines : testing a model of coping

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

With the slump of the world economy in the late 1980's and the bursting of the asset price bubble, many highly-geared corporations were forced into retrenching labour, shelving investment plans, slashing inventories and winding back gearing levels. Organisational restructure became the key focus. The airline industry, hard-hit by the recession and coming off a low capitalisation base, was forced into organisational change. With the announcement of the merger of Qantas and Australian Airlines, an organisational change process was commenced that would have a substantial impact on the employees of both companies. This present study was designed to examine and test the utility of a model that outlines a set of predictions of personal adaptation to organisational change. Specifically, the relations among employees' coping resources (generalised control beliefs, and social support), their appraisals of the merger (appraised stress, self-efficacy, and control beliefs), the coping responses (problem- and emotion- focused coping) used to deal with the event, levels of employee adjustment (psychological well-being and job satisfaction), and levels of burnout were examined. Data were collected from 1431 flight crew employed by Qantas. The results generally support the model of adaptation to organisational change, which is based on Lazarus and Folkmans' (1984) cognitive-phenomenological model of stress and coping. There was evidence that employees' coping responses to the stress of the merger influenced their levels of adjustment. As predicted, the use of problem-focused coping, in general, had a positive impact on adjustment, and the use of avoidance (emotion-focused) coping was negative. There was also evidence that coping resources had both direct and indirect effects on adjustment. Efficacy also had indirect effects on adjustment, through their effects on coping responses. Generally, the levels of job satisfaction, organisational commitment, psychological well-being and burnout levels were acceptable. There were differences in these levels detected between flight crew groups, with the Australian crews reporting slightly higher levels of the above factors with the exception of burnout, which they reported as lower. Finally, various recommendations are made towards improving the merger process, based on the test of the model.
Demography and viability analyses of a diamondback terrapin population

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The diamondback terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin, is a long-lived species with special management requirements but quantitative analyses to support management are lacking. I analyzed markrecapture data and constructed an age-classified matrix population model to determine the status and viability of the only known diamondback terrapin population in Rhode Island. Female diamondback terrapins were captured, marked, and recaptured while nesting during 19902001. Population growth rate (λ) was 1.034 (95% confidence interval = 1.0121.056). For the preceding 5 years, however, abundance had been stable at about 188 breeding females. Adult apparent survival was high but declined slightly by 0.14% per year from 0.959 in 1990 to 0.944 in 2000. Recruitment of breeding females also decreased during the study period; therefore, survival was increasingly a greater component of population growth rate. Juvenile survival was 0.565 at λ = 1.034 and 0.446 at λ = 1. Both retrospective (markrecapture) and prospective (matrix population model) analyses showed a greater influence of survival versus reproduction on population growth. Population- model projections showed that capping nests to improve reproductive success could increase population growth rate, but the magnitude of increase was positively related to pre-reproductive survival, therefore negating nest capping as a remedy for declining populations or poor survival. Extinction attributable to demographic stochasticity is unlikely.