jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Event De-Noising Convolutional Neural Network for Detecting Malicious URL Sequences from Proxy Logs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The number of infected hosts on enterprise networks has been increased by drive-by download attacks. In these attacks, users of compromised popular websites are redirected toward websites that exploit vulnerabilities of a browser and its plugins. To prevent damage, detection of infected hosts on the basis of proxy logs rather than blacklist-based filtering has started to be researched. This is because blacklists have become difficult to create due to the short lifetime of malicious domains and concealment of exploit code. To detect accesses to malicious websites from proxy logs, we propose a system for detecting malicious URL sequences on the basis of three key ideas: focusing on sequences of URLs that include artifacts of malicious redirections, designing new features related to software other than browsers, and generating new training data with data augmentation. To find an effective approach for classifying URL sequences, we compared three approaches: an individual-based approach, a convolutional neural network (CNN), and our new event de-noising CNN (EDCNN). Our EDCNN reduces the negative effects of benign URLs redirected from compromised websites included in malicious URL sequences. Evaluation results show that only our EDCNN with proposed features and data augmentation achieved a practical classification performance: a true positive rate of 99.1%, and a false positive rate of 3.4%.
DINAMO: a coupled sequence alignment editor/molecular graphics tool for interactive homology modeling of proteins.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Gaining functional information about a novel protein is a universal problem in biomedical research. With the explosive growth of the protein sequence and structural databases, it is becoming increasingly common for researchers to attempt to build a three-dimensional model of their protein of interest in order to gain information about its structure and interactions with other molecules. The two most reliable methods for predicting the structure of a protein are homology modeling, in which the novel sequence is modeled on the known three-dimensional structure of a related protein, and fold recognition (threading), where the sequence is scored against a library of fold models, and the highest scoring model is selected. The sequence alignment to a known structure can be ambiguous, and human intervention is often required to optimize the model. We describe an interactive model building and assessment tool in which a sequence alignment editor is dynamically coupled to a molecular graphics display. By means of a set of assessment tools, the user may optimize his or her alignment to satisfy the known heuristics of protein structure. Adjustments to the sequence alignment made by the user are reflected in the displayed model by color and other visual cues. For instance, residues are colored by hydrophobicity in both the three-dimensional model and in the sequence alignment. This aids the user in identifying undesirable buried polar residues. Several different evaluation metrics may be selected including residue conservation, residue properties, and visualization of predicted secondary structure. These characteristics may be mapped to the model both singly and in combination. DINAMO is a Java-based tool that may be run either over the web or installed locally. Its modular architecture also allows Java-literate users to add plug-ins of their own design.
The fastesteasiest-to-use chemical abstracting service ever.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

System Message The ACS Publications site will be temporarily unavailable for planned maintenance on Friday, Oct. 15 starting at 6:00 pm ET for up to 4 hours. We apologize for this inconvenience. RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTThe fastesteasiest-to-use chemical abstracting service ever.Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 1970, 48, 35, 25Publication Date (Print):August 24, 1970Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 24 August 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v048n035.p025Copyright © 1970 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (76 KB) Get e-Alerts
An ecoacoustic approach to understand the effects of human sound on soundscapes and avian communication

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Anthropogenic sound disrupts animal communication, but little research has both quantified how this disruption changes the soundscape and connected these changes to shifts in avian behaviour. We examined the effects of anthropogenic sound on soundscapes and avian vocalisation and flight behaviour. We recorded Carolina Chickadee (Poecile carolinensis) vocalisations, tested if vocalisations differed with varying levels of anthropogenic sound and overall variation in soundscape, and observed behavioural responses to differing vocalisation playbacks to test the functionality of possible vocalisation shifts. We found that anthropogenic sound disturbance predicted change in soundscape indicators. Vocalisation frequency was higher in areas of high disturbance but did not differ with changes in soundscape. Vocalisation frequency shifts did not provide a functional advantage, possibly explaining the lack of vocalisation changes in response to disturbed soundscapes. These analyses demonstrate that anthropogenic sound does change the surrounding soundscape, but the interaction between these changes and animal behaviour is multidimensional.Key policy insightsBy quantifying the effects of sound from roads on the surrounding soundscape, we demonstrated how anthropogenic sound disturbance impacts the surrounding ecosystem, not just the immediate site of the generated sound.Increasing anthropogenic sound disturbance affected avian vocalisation. Birds vocalised at a higher frequency in the presence of higher anthropogenic sound disturbance.Vocalisation frequency shifts did not provide an advantage in overcoming acoustic masking from roads.The assessment of vocal responses to anthropogenic sound needs to extend to include complex assessments of behaviours. Without these behavioural assessments we may not be able to properly evaluate the effects of anthropogenic sound disturbances on avian communication and behaviour. By quantifying the effects of sound from roads on the surrounding soundscape, we demonstrated how anthropogenic sound disturbance impacts the surrounding ecosystem, not just the immediate site of the generated sound. Increasing anthropogenic sound disturbance affected avian vocalisation. Birds vocalised at a higher frequency in the presence of higher anthropogenic sound disturbance. Vocalisation frequency shifts did not provide an advantage in overcoming acoustic masking from roads. The assessment of vocal responses to anthropogenic sound needs to extend to include complex assessments of behaviours. Without these behavioural assessments we may not be able to properly evaluate the effects of anthropogenic sound disturbances on avian communication and behaviour.
IoT Data Collection Based on Social Network Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, the heterogeneous network and devices of IoT become more complex and encountered several challenges. The investigations of social networks show that social network analysis methods are useful for the evolution and development of communication and social network models allow solving Internet-related problems. And they can provide more exact answers for complex problems. This article analyzes some methods of SNA from different aspects and investigated compatible methods to apply in IoT.
Palmoplantar pustulosis: Factors causing and influencing the course of the disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a chronic inflammatory disease, most often occurring in middle-aged women.In the course of the condition, painful skin lesions appear on the hands and feet, i.e., areas that are extremely important in everyday life.Therefore, the disease significantly reduces quality of life.The pathogenesis of this disease is poorly understood, although it is known that genetic, immunological and environmental factors play a role in its development.Clinical observations confirm the role of nicotine and contact allergens in the development of the lesions.The skin lesions can also occur as a side effect of certain medications.In some cases, PPP coexists with other diseases, i.e., seronegative arthropathies, as well as celiac and thyroid diseases.There is also a connection between the disease and infectious bacterial foci.Exacerbation of the skin lesions is triggered by stress.Therefore, patients require multidirectional tests, since finding the cause of the disease is essential to administering effective treatment.
ChronoQuery: visual modelling of temporal queries for real-time decision support.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Clinical decision support systems are an important aspect of medical informatics. The increasing amount of available patient data requires physicians to rely on information technology for research and during their day by day work. In intensive care medicine, fast actions are especially important. One major step towards enabling direct interaction of medical staff with patient data was the development of clinical data repositories with easy query frontends. While clinical data repositories can be extended for the use of real-time data, the corresponding query frontends do not support the time concepts necessary for real-time queries and decision support. Aim of this project is the development of a user interface to give physicians visual understanding of propositional logic combined with time concepts. Thus, physicians should be able formulate simple time based queries on their own--and validate and quality check complex queries created by medical informatics experts.
Charmonium-nucleon potential from lattice QCD

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present results for charmonium-nucleon potential $V_{c\bar{c}-N}(r)$ from quenched lattice QCD, which is calculated from the equal-time Bethe-Salpeter amplitude through the effective Schr\"odinger equation. Detail information of the low-energy interaction between the nucleon and charmonia ($\eta_c$ and $J/\psi$) is indispensable for exploring the formation of charmonium bound to nuclei. Our simulations are performed at a lattice cutoff of $1/a\approx 2.1$ GeV in a spatial volume of $(3 fm)^3$ with the nonperturbatively $O(a)$ improved Wilson action for the light quarks and a relativistic heavy quark action for the charm quark. We have found that the potential $V_{c\bar{c}-N}(r)$ for either the $\eta_c$ and $J/\psi$ states is weakly attractive at short distances and exponentially screened at large distances. The spin averaged $J/\psi$-$N$ potential is slightly more attractive than that of the $\eta_c$-$N$ case.
Molecular Underpinning of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Putative Different Neurobiology from Treatment-Responsive Schizophrenia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) affects up to one in three individuals with schizophrenia and is associated with a significant clinical, social, and economic burden. Different from treatment-responsive forms, TRS appears to involve other biological mechanisms extending beyond dopaminergic dysfunctions. This review outlines current knowledge on the molecular and cellular basis of TRS, focusing on alterations in glutamate signaling, imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory activity, disruptions in D-amino acid metabolism, and evidence of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial or endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction. Data from genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, preclinical models, and postmortem studies suggest that TRS may have a peculiar neurobiological substrate. Further, multimodal brain imaging studies reveal differences in brain structure, white matter integrity, and network connectivity when compared to treatment-responsive individuals. Altogether, these findings support a shift from the traditional dopamine hypothesis toward a more comprehensive model that includes multiple immune, metabolic, and synaptic factors. Understanding the possible interplay of these complex mechanisms may lead to the identification of potential biomarkers that may help to predict antipsychotic response, as well as the development of more targeted treatments. Early recognition and a deeper biological insight into TRS are essential for improving care and guiding personalized therapeutic strategies.
Treatment response as surrogate to predict risk for disease progression in pediatric medulloblastoma with persistent magnetic resonance imaging lesions after first-line treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background This study aims at clarifying the impact of persistent residual lesions following first-line treatment for pediatric medulloblastoma. Methods Data on 84 pediatric patients with medulloblastoma and persistent residual lesions on centrally reviewed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the end of first-line therapy were analyzed. Results Twenty patients (23.8%) had residual lesions in the tumor bed (R+/M0), 51 (60.7%) had distant lesions (R0/M+) and 13 (15.5%) had both (R+/M+). Overall response to first-line therapy was minor or partial (≥ 25% reduction, minor response [MR]/PR) for 64 (76.2%) and stable disease (SD) for 20 patients (23.8%). Five-year post-primary-treatment progression-free (pptPFS) and overall survival (pptOS) were superior after MR/PR (pptPFS: 62.5 ± 7.0%[MR/PR] vs. 35.9 ± 12.8%[SD], P = .03; pptOS: 79.7 ± 5.9[MR/PR] vs. 55.5 ± 13.9[SD], P = .04). Furthermore, R+/M + was associated with a higher risk for progression (5-year pptPFS: 22.9 ± 17.9%[R+, M+] vs. 72.4 ± 12.0%[R+, M0]; P = .03). Watch-and-wait was pursued in 58 patients, while n = 26 received additional treatments (chemotherapy only, n = 19; surgery only, n = 2; combined, n = 3; valproic acid, n = 2), and their outcomes were not superior to watch-and-wait (5-year pptPFS: 58.5 ± 7.7% vs. 51.6 ± 10.7% P = .71; 5-year pptOS: 76.3 ± 6.9% vs. 69.8 ± 9.7%, P = .74). For the whole cohort, 5-year pptPFS by molecular subgroup (58 cases) were WNT: 100%, SHH: 50.0 ± 35.4%, group-4, 52.5 ± 10.5, group-3 54.2 ± 13.8%; (P = .08). Conclusions Overall response and extent of lesions can function as surrogate parameters to predict outcomes in pediatric MB patients with persistent lesions after first-line therapy. Especially in the case of solitary persistent medulloblastoma MRI lesions, additional therapy was not beneficial. Therefore, treatment response, extent/kind of residual lesions and further diagnostic information need consideration for indication of additional treatments for persisting lesions.
The First Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Lyase Inhibitors against Multiple Sclerosis: A Successful Drug Discovery Tale

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Modulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling represents a solid opportunity for multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. In this issue, a team at Novartis reports on the identification of the first direct S1P lyase (S1PL) inhibitors as new MS agents. One of the most potent inhibitors reported in their work was demonstrated to be orally bioavailable and fully protective in a MS disease animal model. This work represents an outstanding example of a drug discovery campaign that started with the target identification and validation and culminated with the preclinical tests on animal disease models.
Graphical Analysis of the Growth Rate of National Economies by Considering the Supply Chain Strategy in 25 Countries over the Period From 2000 to 2016

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article presents the graphical analysis of economic indicators for 25 countries: GDP growth rate (%) and GDP per person employed (thousand US dollars) for the period from 1990 to 2016 by considering the supply chain strategy (SCS) and transparency. The authors carried out the decomposition of economic growth rates of selected countries according to the following factors: 1) extensive factors â€“ the growth rate of the capital stock and the size of labor force; 2) intensive factors â€“ RD 3) the dynamics of foreign direct investment in the country 4) supply chain strategy. Over the past 16 years, only a few countries from the sample have shown growth of the national economy higher than the growth rates of the world economy. These are China, Turkmenistan, India, Malaysia, and Singapore (their economies grew at a rate of more than 5% per year). The most dynamic renewal of fixed assets can be observed in China, the United States and Japan. At the same time, over the past 10 years China has demonstrated an active investment policy, increasing the investment in fixed assets almost five times. China and India were countries that most actively used the size of labor force as a factor of extensive growth. Korea, Japan, Germany, USA, China and Singapore demonstrated the most dynamic growth in R&D expenditures. Despite the non-monotonous dynamics of foreign direct investment in these countries, over the entire period of observation from 1990 to 2017, the United States has been the most attractive country for foreign direct investment. At the same time, the most significant growth in foreign direct investment was recorded in China and, recently, in the United Kingdom.
EVALUATION OF TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS PLANE (TAP) BLOCK WITHINJ.BUPIVACAINE 0.25% FOR POST-OPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN INGUINAL HERNIAREPAIR SURGERY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: TransversusAbdominis Plane(TAP)Block is a regional analgesictechnique. It provides postoperative analgesia after lower abdominal surgery. The purpose of our study was to evaluate effectiveness of TAP block to provide effective postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair surgery. Method: Total 60 patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery were randomized toundergo TAP block with bupivacaine (n = 30) versus normal saline (n = 30)control group. All patients received a standard spinal anaesthesia with standardmonitoring. A TAP block was performed using 20 ml 0.25% bupivacaine on the side ofsurgery or 20 ml saline at the end of surgery. Each patient was followed uppostoperatively at 0, 30 min, 60 min, 2 hr, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18 and 24 hours in PACU. Rescue analgesics inj. Diclofenacwere offered to any patient whocomplained of pain (VAS Score ≥4). Time of rescueanalgesia, total analgesic consumption and any other complications wereassessed. Result : There was a significantly longer time to the first request for rescue analgesic in bupivacaine group. (507.77 ± 10.38 min) compared to NS group.(110.87±14.2min) Total diclofenacconsumptionwas significantly higher in Group S than Group B (82.75 ± 23.2 mg vs193.97 ± 37.6 mg). Conclusion : TAP block provides better postoperative analgesia in patient undergoing inguinalhernia repair surgery . It prolongs the duration of postoperative analgesia and significantly reduces the total analgesic consumption up to 24 hrs postoperatively
Barriers to Effective Blended Learning for Consumer Science in Eswatini's Rural High Schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Blended learning was implemented during the COVID-19 crisis in Eswatini. Learners were forced to adopt a blended learning approach but this might have exacerbated the situation in rural-based Consumer Science schools. The study's objectives were to determine challenges faced by Consumer Science teachers when conducting practical lessons. This study employed the mixed method research and adopted the pragmatism paradigm approach and descriptive survey research. Consumer Science teachers in the Manzini and Shiselweni regions were the target population. A census was used for quantitative data (N =100) and purposive sampling was used for qualitative data (N=10). SPSS (20.1) was used to run frequencies, as well as mean and standard deviation, to analyse the data. The findings of the study are difficult to demonstrate online when conducting practical lessons, and school curriculum should adopt blended learning, The lack of gadgets and the internet for teaching and learning was a challenge with blended learning and with regards to strategies for the solution of blended learning teacher and students needs to be trained in blended learning. In conclusion, a policy for blended learning should be formulated so that blended learning is more supported. A similar study can be done that will involve students
Vibration suppression capabilities of magnetorheological materials based adaptive structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper discusses the investigation of vibration suppression capabilities of magnetorheological (MR) materials in adaptive structures. Homogeneous three-layered adaptive beams with MR materials sandwiched between two elastic layers were considered. By varying the externally applied magnetic field level over the MR layer, the stiffness and damping properties of the adaptive beam can be varied. These variations in the damping and stiffness properties can be used to tune the vibration characteristics of the adaptive beams such as natural frequencies, vibration amplitudes, mode shapes and loss factors. In this study, theoretical investigation of the MR adaptive beams vibration behavior based on the energy approach is accomplished. Experiments were performed to observe the theoretically predicted vibration responses in real time. From both studies, vibration suppression capabilities of MR adaptive beams were observed in the forms of shifts in natural frequency values, variations in loss factors, and vibration amplitudes.