jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DIPSY: A new Disc Instability Population SYnthesis

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Context. Disc instability (DI) is a model aimed at explaining the formation of companions through the fragmentation of the circum-stellar gas disc. Furthermore, DI could explain the formation of part of the observed exoplanetary population. Our understanding of DI is still incomplete given the complex nature of the process and challenges related to its modelling. Aims. We aim to provide a new comprehensive global model for the formation of companions via DI. The model includes the formation of the star-and-disc system through infall from the molecular cloud core (MCC) as well as the evolution of companions that might emerge via fragmentation in it. This approach allows us to study a large parameter space, perform population synthesis calculations, and make predictions that can be compared with observations. This makes it possible to put the models for the different sub-processes included in the global model to the observational test. Methods. We have developed a global formation and evolution model for companions formed via DI: DIPSY. The model solves the 1D vertically integrated viscous evolution equation of the protostellar and protoplanetary disc with a variable α viscosity. It includes infall from the MCC, stellar irradiation, internal and external photoevaporation, and exchange of both mass and angular momentum between disc and companions. The latter leads for the companions to orbital migration and damping of the eccentricities and inclinations. As it evolves, the disc is continuously monitored for self-gravity and fragmentation. When the conditions are satisfied, one (or several) clumps are inserted. The evolution of the clumps is then followed in detail. Clump contraction, including the second collapse is considered by using interior evolution tracks. Thermal irradiation by the disc, mass growth by gas accretion, and mass loss via Roche lobe overflow are also included. The interaction of clumps with each other is included with a full N-body integrator which can lead to collisions, scattering, or ejections. Results. We showcased the model by performing a number of simulations for various initial conditions, from simple non-fragmenting systems to complex systems with many fragments. Conclusions. We confirm that the DIPSY model is a comprehensive and versatile global model of companion formation via DI. It enables studies of the formation of companions with planetary to low stellar masses around primaries with final masses that range from the brown dwarf to the B-star regime. We conclude that it is necessary to consider the many interconnected processes such as gas accretion, orbital migration, and N-body interactions, as they strongly influence the inferred population of forming objects. It is also clear that model assumptions play a key role in the determination of the systems undergoing formation.
SENSORY TEXTURE PROFILING AND DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD RATING SCALES FOR POUNDED YAM

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study evaluated sensory texture profile analysis (STPA) as an objective method for characterizing the texture attributes of “pounded yam,” a popular dish in West Africa made by peeling yam, boiling, pounding and kneading it into a glutinous dough. Panelists were carefully selected and trained to assess the texture attributes of pounded yam. Standard rating scales were developed from local foods that are common in Nigeria, and the foods were used as descriptors to exemplify the texture attributes being assessed. Reproducible and consistent results were obtained. It is thus concluded that STPA can be used as an objective method for evaluating the texture attributes of pounded yam.
[Massive hemorrhage from an "esophageal tumor": thoracic aortic aneurysm rupturing into the esophagus].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report on an arteriosclerotic aneurysm of the descending aorta penetrating into the esophagus. On endoscopy it mimicked a bleeding esophageal tumour. The typical clinical course of aortoesophageal fistulas (AEF) exhibits Chiari's triad of midthoracic pain, sentinel arterial hemorrhage, usually hematomesis, and final exsanguination after a symptom-free interval. The various causes of AEF are discussed together with the respective diagnostic and therapeutic problems.
PD-L1 back signaling manipulates IL-6 signaling to coordinate innate immune responses

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) interaction with PD-1 on T cells limits immune activation to prevent immunopathology in healthy tissues and the development of autoimmunity. While ligation of PD-1 by PD-L1 leads to T cell-intrinsic PD-1 signaling, PD-L1 back signaling into the ligand-bearing cell remains poorly defined. We recently outlined a major role for PD-L1 back signaling in regulating dermal dendritic cell (DC) migration to the lymph node following a type I interferon inducing stimulus or infection. Similar to prior studies in IFNβ treated cancer cells, we noted increased pSTAT3 post DC activation that was unchanged with addition of CCL21. Increased pSTAT3 occurred in Pdl1−/− DCs and in DCs from mice in which 3 cytoplasmic residues were mutated to alanine (Pdl1CM). Since STAT3 propagates signalling through the IL-6 receptor, we hypothesized that increased IL-6 signaling may explain elevated pSTAT3 in Pdl1−/− and Pdl1CM DCs. To test whether PDL1 back signaling contributed to STAT3-associated cytokine responses, we generated bone marrow derived DCs from Pdl1−/− and Pdl1CM mice and observed significantly higher levels of IL-6 compared to WT controls following activation. We next asked if PD-L1 back signaling is important for proper innate activation as PD-L1 is upregulated on many innate immune populations early after systemic L. monocytogenes (LM) infection. We found loss of PD-L1 back signaling following infection led to differences in circulating levels of many innate immune cells and reduced IL-6 in the serum. These findings demonstrate that PD-L1 back signaling in innate immune cells may assist in coordinating IL-6 signaling and proper activation of early innate immune responses during systemic LM infection. Supported by grants from NIH (R01 AI155474, T32 AI074491 - “Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Tolerance”)
The Potential of Using Social Service Robots in the Healthcare Environment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study investigates the perceived value of social service robots within simulated healthcare settings, focusing on the TEMI robot. Utilizing Likert questionnaires, 25 diverse participants engaged in scenarios involving the robot's interaction in a hospital context. The research aimed to understand adults' perceptions of service robots' value in healthcare and the factors influencing this perception. Results revealed overwhelmingly positive assessments across various facets of perceived value, indicating significant interest in integrating service robots into healthcare practices. Notably, gender and age variations influenced specific aspects of perceived value, with males showing more interest in utilization and females valuing comprehensibility and interaction positions. However, concerns arose regarding learning challenges and physical dimensions, particularly for taller individuals. To enhance the study's reliability, future research should replicate the experiment in real hospital environments, focusing on a larger sample of hospital workers, and include healthcare college teachers and medical students as participants to enrich the study's scope.
Assessment of Foot Kinematics During Steady State Running Using a Foot-mounted IMU

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The continuous sensing of kinematics provides an opportunity to monitor changes in sporting technique or to aid in injury rehabilitation. Inertial sensors are now small enough to integrate into footwear providing a potential platform for continuous monitoring that does not require additional components to be worn by the athlete. We investigate the suitability of using foot mounted inertial sensors to assess foot kinematics in steady state running by employing inertial navigation and pedestrian dead reckoning techniques. The results are evaluated by comparison with an optical motion capture system. Two techniques are assessed, the use of an Extended Kalman Filter with zero velocity updates and a linear de-drifting technique. Assessment of two example metrics, foot clearance (FC) and mean step velocity (SV), produced a bias and standard deviation of 0.000m±0.008 (FC) and 0.04m/s±0.03 (SV) using the linear de-drifting technique. Similar results were obtained using an Extended Kalman Filter approach calculating FC with a bias of 0.002m±0.029 and SV with a bias of 0.03m/s±0.02.
MIREX 2006 Computing Statistical Spectrum Descriptors for Audio Music Similarity and Retrieval

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes our submission to the MIREX 2006 Audio Music Similarity and Retrieval task. The task was to submit an audio feature extraction algorithm, to compute music similarity measures and to return a distance matrix from an audio collection consisting of 5000 pieces, which was subsequently evaluated through human listening tests as well as objective statistics. We submitted a new implementation of the Statistical Spectrum Descriptor (SSD) audio feature extractor and computed the distance matrix directly from feature space. Results from the human evaluation show that our approach is among the top 5 algorithms which furthermore show no statistically significant perfor mance differences. The evaluation of a number of objective statistics ranked our algorithm 3rd in most of the cases. Our submission was one of the two fastest in terms of total runtime, having the shortest distance computation time. The approach has also been evaluated on Audio Cover Song Identification, where it was the best-performing “Audio Music Similarity and Retrieval” submission, outperformed, however, by 4 submissions which were specifically designed for the cover identification task.
DISSECTING GENETIC EPISTASIS IN FAMILIAL PARKINSON’S DISEASE USING A DIGENIC PATIENT-DERIVED STEM CELL MODEL

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. 10% of PD patients present a familial form of the disease implicating genetic mutations. A variability in terms of disease expressivity, severity and penetrance can be observed among familial cases. The idea that the classical one-gene one-trait model may not catch the full picture of genetic contribution to PD pathophysiology is increasingly recognized. Therefore, a polygenic model where multiple genes would influence the disease risk and the phenotypic traits in PD should be investigated. Mutations in PRKN, encoding the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Parkin, cause young onset autosomal recessive forms of PD. A variability in terms of clinical presentation and neuropathology have been observed in PD patients carrying mutations in Parkin. On the other hand, mutations in GBA were recently recognized as the most common genetic risk factor for developing PD. The incomplete penetrance of the disease in patients with GBA mutations may implicate other genetic factors. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that the interactions between common PD genes like PRKN and GBA can contribute to the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in PD cases. To explore this hypothesis, we generated patient-derived cellular models from several PD patients carrying pathogenic mutations in either both PRKN and GBA (triallelic models) or in only one of them (bi- or monoallelic models). We developed a novel strategy to gene edit the N370S mutation in GBA via CRISPR-Cas9, without interference with its respective pseudogene, which allows for the dissection of the role of GBA in the context of a PRKN mutation on an isogenic background. We identified a specific α-synuclein homeostasis in the triallelic model. The genetic and pharmacological rescue of GBA in the triallelic model modified the observed α-synuclein phenotype, proving the contribution of GBA to the observed phenotype. We then investigated whether Parkin was contributing to the phenotype. The modulation of Parkin function in the context of a GBA mutation induced a modification of the α-synuclein homeostasis. We therefore concluded that both PRKN and GBA are influencing α-synuclein homeostasis in the triallelic model. Nevertheless, the phenotypic outcome of the co-occurrence of these mutations was not additive nor synergistic. We therefore suggest the existence of an epistatic interaction between mutant GCase and Parkin that would underlie the clinical heterogeneity observed in PD patients carrying these mutations.
Enzyme depletion in major thermal burns

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Little is known and only one reference has been found concerning cholinesterase depletion in persons wit h thermal burns [ I ]. Cholinesterase was found to be consistently below norma! in persm~s with large burn wounds, The method of measurement and the biochemistry of cholinesterase will be discussed. The causes, effects, and clinical importance of eholinesterase depletion ()r inhibition in l)urned persons (with nm'mal and atypical cholinesterase) will be presented and a mode of therapy suggested. This investigati,:m was stimulated by unusual findings in several persons with thermal injuries that were associated with acute organophosphorus comt)ou rid poisol~ing.
Psychosocial Impact of Atopic Dermatitis in Adults: A Qualitative Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atopic dermatitis affects a patient’s quality of life in many ways. Analysis of the effects of this disease on the lives of adult patients is therefore important for the purpose of better defining their care needs. We interviewed 14 adult patients with atopic dermatitis in this qualitative study. The interviews were semistructured according to a simple outline to allow for completeness and flexibility and afford greater depth and richness of information. Atopic dermatitis affected the patients’ lives in 6 spheres of activity: economic, occupational, personal, psychosocial, clinical, and relational. A clear finding was that the disease has a considerable psychosocial effect on adult patients, altering their interpersonal relationships and leading to rejection, stigmatization, and social isolation. It limits the patient in various spheres of life and in activities of daily living, causing sleep alterations among other effects. The patients were very concerned about appearance, the itch–scratch cycle, poor understanding and lack of awareness of their disease, the absence of a definitive treatment, and the adverse effects of some treatments. The quality of life of adults with atopic dermatitis is negatively affected. This disease requires a professional, holistic, multidisciplinary management approach that attempts to mitigate the adverse effects. La dermatitis atópica afecta a la calidad de vida del paciente de muchas maneras. Por tanto, es importante analizar los efectos que la enfermedad produce en la vida del paciente al objeto de definir mejor las necesidades de atención de los pacientes adultos con dermatitis atópica. Se realizaron entrevistas a 14 pacientes adultos con dermatitis atópica. Las entrevistas cualitativas fueron semi-estructuradas apoyadas en un guion simple, lo que permitió una entrevista completa y flexible para un mayor nivel de profundidad y riqueza de datos. Se identificaron 6 esferas afectadas de la vida del paciente con dermatitis atópica: económica, laboral, personal, psicosocial, clínica y relacional. Se destaca que la dermatitis atópica tiene un gran impacto psicosocial en el paciente adulto, ya que altera las relaciones interpersonales, genera rechazo, estigmatización y aislamiento social, limita al paciente en diversas áreas y actividades de su vida cotidiana o altera el sueño, entre otros. Preocupan mucho el aspecto visible, el ciclo picor-rascamiento, la falta de concienciación y desconocimiento de la enfermedad, la ausencia de una solución definitiva entre los tratamientos y los efectos secundarios de algunos de ellos. La calidad de vida de los pacientes con dermatitis atópica se ve afectada negativamente y se hace necesaria una intervención profesional desde un abordaje multidisciplinar holístico que intente mitigar el impacto negativo de la enfermedad.
A History of Tasmania

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

James Fenton (1820–1901) was born in Ireland and emigrated to Tasmania (then known as Van Diemen's Land) with his family in 1833. He became a pioneer settler in an area on the Forth River and published this history of the island in 1884. The book begins with the discovery of the island in 1642 and concludes with the deaths of some significant public figures in the colony in 1884. The establishment of the colony on the island, and the involvement of convicts in its building, is documented. A chapter on the native aborigines gives a fascinating insight into the attitudes of the colonising people, and a detailed account of the removal of the native Tasmanians to Flinders Island, in an effort to separate them from the colonists. The book also contains portraits of some aboriginal people, as well as a glossary of their language.
Non Destructive Testing of Concrete with Recycled Cement Powder

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study deals with determination of the physical properties of fine-aggregate concrete with partial replacement of cement in concrete mixture. Cement was replaced by recycled cement powder originating from construction and demolition waste. The main goal of this study is evaluation of the basic physical properties of the fine-aggregate concrete with partial cement replacement by recycled concrete powder such as density, water absorption capacity and capillary water absorption. The fine recycled concrete which was used as partial replacement of cement had the same grain size as cement. The replacement rate was 0 %, 5 %, 10 % and 15 %. Physical properties were investigated by using cubic and prismatic specimens.
Spectrophotometric Studies of Iron(III)-5,7, dibromo Oxine N-oxide complex

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Spretrophotometric studies of iron (III)-5,7,dibrormo oxine N-oxide complex have been carried out end the presence of at least two complexes (1:1; 1:2) is reported. Comparative studies of iron (III) -oxine N-oxide indicate that the equilibrium constant for the 1:2 complex in the same of 5,7, dibromo amine N-oxide it higher than that in the case of 1 :1 iron (III)-oxine N-oxide complex. The reagent, however does not offer any advantage over oxine N-oxide as a spectrophotometric reagent for iron and is, in fact inferior in many respects to most of the well-known and commonly used calorimetric reagents for iron.
Performance of a bio-inspired spider web

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The goal of this study is to investigate dynamic properties and the total energy change of a bio-inspired spider web. To better understand performance, the effects of preload, radial and spiral string stiffness and damping ratio on the natural frequency and total energy of the web are theoretically examined. Different types of web materials and configurations, such as damaged webs are investigated. It is demonstrated that the pretension, stiffness and damping ratio of the web's strings can significantly affect the natural frequency and total energy of the full and damaged webs. In addition, it is shown that by increasing the pretension in the radial strings one can compensate for the damaged strings and increase the capability of the damaged web to reach that of the full web.
Involvement in extreme violence and violence‐related trauma: A review with relevance to young people in custody

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose. This review is concerned with the points of contact between two diverse literatures: first, the association between childhood abuse and the development of violent conduct; second, the effects of involvement in the perpetration of acts of violence. Method. The empirical literature in the two areas of concern is considered along with complementary explanations for the extant evidence. Results. There is a weight of evidence indicating that childhood abuse is associated with later violence alongside a literature that considers this association in terms of the traumatic effects of abuse. The perpetration of violent acts can have debilitating effects on the individual offender: these effects have also been considered in terms of trauma. Conclusion. It is suggested that there are potential advantages to adopting a trauma‐based framework to inform practice with violent young people. This suggestion raises several areas for research to inform the development of evidence‐based practice that are presented in outline form.
Health, wellness, and safety concerns of persons with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury and their family caregivers: a qualitative content analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Findings can guide the development of tools, supports, and resources to promote health, wellness, and safety of persons with TBI as they recover after discharge home.Implications for rehabilitationFindings on numerous concerns related to health, wellness, and safety suggest the need for implementation or development and testing of tools, supports, and resources to promote health, wellness, and safety of persons with traumatic brain injury as they recover after discharge home.Our findings can be used to educate healthcare providers and increase awareness of the nuanced challenges patients and families face after discharge home.Findings can also be used by providers to educate patients and families on realistic expectations for life after discharge.
Model Updating Of A Frame Structure Using Penalty Functions Based Procedures.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An important requirement in design is to be able to compare experimental results from\nprototype structures with predicted results from a corresponding finite element model. In this context,\nmodel updating may be defined as the fit of an existing analytical model in the light of measured\nvibration test. After fitting, the updated model is expected to represent the dynamic behavior of the\nstructure more accurately. An important class of model updating methods is the penalty functions\nbased approaches (the so-called indirect methods), in which the objective is to maximize the\ncorrelation between the measured and analytical modal model. Because of its nature, the solution\nrequires the problem to be linearized and optimized iteratively. As the advantages, these methods\nallow a wide choice of parameters to be updated that keeps the physical meaning and both the\nmeasured data and the initial analytical parameter estimates may be weighted, which gives the\nversatility to the methodology. In this way, this paper presents an indirect based updating study of a\nreduced scale three-story plane frame structure constructed and tested at the Laboratory of Structural\nDynamics and Reliability (LDEC) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil.\nThe updated results, presented in this paper, showed great accuracy. The stiffness and mass matrices\nwere able to keep the original pattern of the finite element model of the structure.