jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SIMULATION OF SHRINKAGE AND STRESS IN SOLIDIFYING STEEL SHELLS OF DIFFERENT GRADES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Thermal–mechanical behavior of the solidifying shell is important for design of taper and understanding crack formation and other defects during continuous casting of steel. A transient finite-element model, CON2D, has been developed to simulate the evolution of temperature, stress and strain in the solidifying shell during this process. The model features unified elastic-viscoplastic constitutive models for austenite, ferrite, mushy, and liquid steel. The model was validated by simulating an SSCT experiment similar to that of Kurz. CON2D was then applied to investigate the effect of steel grade on thermo-mechanical behavior of a slice domain under realistic heat flux conditions. The shrinkage predicted by CON2D was compared with simpler methods, such as that of Dippenaar. This simple method is found to over-estimate the shrinkage of low carbon steels, where a substantial fraction of soft delta-ferrite exists, but matches reasonably for high carbon steel, containing strong austenite. Implications of the stress and strain profiles in the solidifying steel and practical applications are also discussed.
World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim Statement at UN General Assembly High-level Event, The Global Compact on Refugees - A Model for Greater Solidarity and Cooperation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report discusses the remarks delivered by Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank at UN General Assembly high-level event, New York. He spoke about the refugee crises around the world that have continued to rage, each serving as an urgent reminder that needed to be responded more forcefully. He emphasized three key areas where development approaches have the potential to make a significant contribution as follows: (i) first, data and evidence as a key tool for delivery; (ii) second, country leadership in developing a comprehensive response; and (iii) third, opening up national education systems for both refugee and host community children, and expanding education especially for girls. He concluded by saying that by working together, we have a historic opportunity to change the way the global community responds to refugees so that refugees and hosts alike can prosper and have a chance to achieve their highest aspirations.
Characterization of a radiochromic silicone dosimeter

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A radiochromic silicone based dosimeter has been fabricated that allows for three-dimensional (3D) dose verification. This paper characterizes the silicone dosimeter and verifies previous results found by other research groups. Using a recipe found to be dose rate independent, we identify the spectra of the dosimeter irradiated to different doses and verify that the response from different dose rate deliveries is constant within uncertainty. The reproducibility of a response from identically irradiated and stored cuvettes is also investigated. A noticeable difference in response indicates that there is an inhomogeneous distribution of active ingredients due to the viscous nature of the dosimeter during fabrication. Irradiating multiple cuvettes to the same dose in different fractions shows that the response decreases as the number of fractions increases.
Hordeum vulgare L., HOR 17069 BRG

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Hordeum vulgare L. Accession number: HOR 17069 BRG Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 2015-10-28 Origin country: ETH Biological status: genetic stock MLS status: Included AEGIS status: Not included Historic: No
Simbolic confront, knowledge appropriation and social movements networks information production

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Submitted by Sonia Burnier (sdesouza@ibict.br) on 2012-04-26T15:54:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARTELETODataGramaZero2001.pdf: 112235 bytes, checksum: e085a3847a78be5ee69c5ae362defbad (MD5)
Inappropriate spending of budgetary funds as a criminal form of behavior and dysfunction of the modern economy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the study of a very complex economic and legal phenomenon —inappropriate spending of budget funds. The article presents economic and legal arguments substantiating the need to counteract this kind of delinquent-criminal behavior as a dysfunction of the modern economy. The substantiation of the social and legal conditionality of the criminalization of misuse of budget funds is proposed. A high level of blanketness of the disposition of Article 2851 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The most controversial examples of misappropriation of budgetary funds are demonstrated, within the framework of which the most frequent problems of qualification of this kind of socially dangerous behavior arise.
Auditory brain stem response wave IV-V abnormalities from the ear opposite large cerebellopontine lesions.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This report focuses on auditory brain stem response (ABR) from the ear contralateral to large cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors. Specifically, eleven of fifteen patients with large CPA tumors demonstrated contralateral ABRs for which wave IV and/or V were abnormal, while waves I and III were normal. In some cases, waves IV and/or V were absent, while in other cases one or both waves were delayed. The clinical interpretation for this type of ABR finding and the possible implications in relation to generator sites of the various ABR waves are discussed.
Factors influencing bone mineral density in postpartum women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Osteopenia is a common condition. Therefore, identification of groups for prevention of osteoporosis and restoration of bone mineral density (BMD) remains relevant. Aim: to assess the factors contributing to development of osteopenia in puerperas. Methods: prospective cross-sectional study. We examined 112 patients aged 20-35, 3-5 days after delivery. To assess possible factors for BMD decrease, we analyzed medical history, lifestyle, nutrition, anthropometric data, obstetric and gynecological history, and pregnancy course. We also assessed serum levels of 25-hydroxycalciferol (25-OH-D) and PTH. BMD was measured by dual energy x-ray osteodensitometry. We considered Z-score from -1 to -2.5SD as osteopenia, below -2.5 SD-as osteoporosis. Results: based on Z-score values, two groups were formed: 1 (n=70) - puerperas with osteopenia, 2 (n=42) - puerperas with normal BMD. In the first group, osteopenia in the distal radius was observed in 48%, in the lumbar spine in 16% and in the proximal femur in 36%. Influence of the following possible factors in group 1 was established: BMI in 15-20 years ≤ 18 kg/m2 (p<0.013), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (p<0.018), 25-OH-D less than 25 ng / ml (p < 0.0018), calcium intake less than 800 mg/day (p<0.041). Menstrual disorders (p<0.052) and preeclapsia (p < 0.042) affected lumbar spine BMD. In group 1, vitamin D deficiency was detected in 82% of women, 18% showed vitamin D insufficiency; in group 2, vitamin D deficiency was found in 16%, deficiency in 70%, in 14% vitamin D was normal. In women with a combination of factors such as BMI≤ 18 kg/m; calcium intake lower than 800 mg/day, menstrual cycle disorders, vitamin D deficiency - osteopenia in the distal radius occured 11 times more often (OR=11,47059; CI 95%=[4,0326; 32,627]). Conclusion: most significant impact on BMD decrease in puerperas can be expected if patient has the following risk factors: BMI≤18 kg/m2; 25-OH- D<25 ng/ml ; nutrition with calcium intake <800 mg per day, preeclampsia. Combination of these factors may increase the risk of osteopenia in the distal radius.
Better Off Dead? : Violence, Women, and Late Ancient Asceticism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Scholarly engagements of hagiography have noted the dynamic relationship between the worlds such texts imagine and the construction of communal identity. As part of such communal imaginings, rhetorical constructions tended to include particular forms of violence toward women or individuals perceived as women: illness, extreme pain, or even death. This article explores how monastic encounters with women or trans monks was rendered in ascetic texts. When a woman or trans monk was found near or in the midst of a male community, they might soon be struck ill, violated, or found dead. Wrestling with the cultural logics that assert the best female or trans form in an ascetic community is a harmed or dead one, this article argues that such moments reveal how male monastic authors created and policed male monastic communal boundaries by collapsing distinctions between women and trans monks, imagining violence (including sometimes divine violence) against these vulnerable figures.
Growth modelling and analysis of microalgae cultivation in photo-bioreactor

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Design of Experiments was applied in this study to identify the effects of interaction between environmental conditions on Chlorella vulgaris growth in flat panel photo-bioreactors. Three mathematical regression models were developed to illustrate growth rate, biomass productivity and lipid productivity. The optimum lipid productivity of 1.75 mg/L•day was obtained under optimized process setting of 5 g/L bicarbonate concentration, 0.97 g/L nitrate concentration and light irradiance of 4500 LUX.
Rethinking neurodegenerative diseases: neurometabolic concept linking lipid oxidation to diseases in the central nervous system

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Currently, there is a lack of effective medicines capable of halting or reversing the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, or Alzheimer's disease. Given the unmet medical need, it is necessary to reevaluate the existing paradigms of how to target these diseases. When considering neurodegenerative diseases from a systemic neurometabolic perspective, it becomes possible to explain the shared pathological features. This innovative approach presented in this paper draws upon extensive research conducted by the authors and researchers worldwide. In this review, we highlight the importance of metabolic mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. We provide an overview of the risk factors associated with developing neurodegenerative disorders, including genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Additionally, we examine pathological mechanisms implicated in these diseases such as oxidative stress, accumulation of misfolded proteins, inflammation, demyelination, death of neurons, insulin resistance, dysbiosis, and neurotransmitter disturbances. Finally, we outline a proposal for the restoration of mitochondrial metabolism, a crucial aspect that may hold the key to facilitating curative therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative disorders in forthcoming advancements.
Effect of Boron-Doping Level and Surface Termination in Diamond on Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is a phenomenon of light emission from a molecular species that is triggered by an electrochemical reaction. As with many electrochemical systems, ECL is highly dependent on the electrode material and its surface state. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) has been applied for ECL, however, thoughtful investigation remains scarce. In particular, a peculiar feature of BDD is the tuning of its properties by changing the amount of boron doping which in turn affects the electrochemical response. Here, we summarize the results from the most important ECL systems, such as Ru(bpy)32+(bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine)/tri-n-propylamine (TPrA), Ru(bpy)32+/S2O82-, Ru(bpy)32+/SO42-, Ru(bpy)32+/CO32-, and the luminol/CO32-system, by using BDD and correlating the doping level to the ECL response. We showed that the most suitable boron doping level and surface state are highly dependent on the ECL system investigated, highlighting the importance of the right choice of the BDD electrode. While focused on ECL systems, these results offer a general interpretation and might be adapted to different electrochemical systems where BDD finds application.
DyPERS: Dynamic Personal Enhanced Reality System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

DyPERS, &apos;Dynamic Personal Enhanced Reality System&apos;, is a wearable system which uses augmented reality and computer vision to autonomously retrieve &apos;media memories&apos; based on associations with real objects the user encounters. These are evoked as audio and video clips taken by the user and overlayed on top of real objects the user looks at. The user&apos;s visual and auditory scene is stored in real-time by the system (upon request) and is then associated (by user input) with a snap shot of a visual object. The object acts as a key which is detected by a real-time vision system when it is in view, triggering DyPERS to playback the appropriate audio-visual sequence. The vision system is a probabilistic algorithm which is capable of discriminating between hundreds of everyday objects under varying viewing conditions (lighting, pose, etc.). The record-and-associate paradigm of the system has many potential applications. Results on the use of the system in a museum tour scenario are described.
Recovery of vanadium and nickel from spent-residue oil hydrotreating catalyst by direct acid leaching-solvent extraction

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A process for the selective extraction and separation of vanadium and nickel from spent-residue oil hydrotreating catalysts by a direct acid leaching−solvent extraction method was studied. The extraction and separation of vanadium(IV) and nickel(II) are divided into two stages: acid coleaching of vanadium and nickel and solvent extraction. In the acid coleaching stage, the leaching ratios of vanadium and nickel reach 88.07% and 75.58%, respectively, which can realize highly effective coleaching. In the solvent extraction stage, countercurrent experiments show that the extraction ratio of vanadium can reach 99.21% after a three-stage extraction with P204 as the high-efficiency extractant of vanadium in the acidic environment, while nickel and iron are not extracted. After the anti-extraction solution is pretreated by aluminum precipitation, the extraction ratio of nickel reaches 99.79% after a three-stage extraction with LIX84-I as a high-efficiency extractant of nickel in ammonia medium. A process flow for the recovery of vanadium and nickel is proposed, which not only can realize the separation and recovery of vanadium and nickel but also can realize the recycling of reagents.
Some Generalized Fractional Integral Inequalities via Harmonic Convex Functions and Their Applications

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to derive from an auxiliary identity some new generalizations of fractional integral inequalities of Simpson, midpoint, and trapezoid using the class of harmonic convex functions. To show that our results are quite unifying, we discuss several new special cases. Finally, some applications regarding error estimations for the Simpson quadrature formula are presented to support our theoretical results.
Infinite Horizon Stochastic Impulse Control with Delay and Random Coefficients

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study a class of infinite horizon impulse control problems with execution delay when the dynamics of the system is described by a general stochastic process adapted to the Brownian filtration. The problem is solved by means of probabilistic tools relying on the notion of Snell envelope and infinite horizon reflected backward stochastic differential equations. This allows us to establish the existence of an optimal strategy over all admissible strategies.
Osteomyelitis of the Mandible Secondary to Impacted Third Molar

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Odontogenic infections resulting in osteomyelitis of the mandible are common. However, osteomyelitis of the coronoid process as a direct consequence of third molar infection is rare. The following report describes such a case in an 18-year-old female as a severe complication following third molar removal. Despite aggressive antimicrobial therapy and indicated treatment approach following microbiologic study, a severe osteomyelitis was present, clinically and radiographically. Finally, hemimandibulectomy, including exarticulation, was indicated to manage this severe complication.
Nonlinear laser matter interaction in gas-filled antiresonant hollow-core fibers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Antiresonant hollow core fibers (ARHCF) are finding increasing applications in various fields of science and technology with their unique optical properties. This experimental work explores different properties of ARHCF like group velocity dispersion, polarization evolution of the propagating light. In-depth understanding of the novel features of ARHCF provides a new platform to study laser matter interaction in gas filled ARHCF. The thin glass strands that form the core of the fiber influence the effective refractive index at resonance wavelength, dependent on strand thickness. Significant variation in dispersion in the vicinity of the resonance spectral region is expected due to changing effective refractive index. This work records variation in group velocity dispersion of the fiber by few orders in magnitude near the resonance region. Deviations from the regular polygon geometry of the single-ring ARHCF core, during the fiber fabrication process, induce birefringence. This geometry-induced polarization dependence can significantly impact the ellipticity of the propagating light. The effect is more pronounced near the strand resonance wavelengths. The ARHCF with large changes the dispersion profile is filled with krypton gas at ~6 bars and pumped at 800 nm, close to resonance wavelength. This resulted in generation ofover three octave broad supercontinuum at an energy of ~23 J by accelerated fission process of soliton like waveforms when the spectral broadening due to self-phase modulation reaches the resonance wavelength. Such dynamics in a non-adiabatic dispersion regime is associated with the emission of multiple phase-matched Cherenkov radiation on both sides of the resonance, generating a multioctave-wide broadband output spectrum. The negative curvature ARHCFs which are transparent beyond the silica cut-off wavelength was used to generate 2.5 cycle pulses in the short-wave infrared wavelengths by pumping far from the resonance wavelength.
The Crane Flies (Tipulidae) of the George Reserve, Michigan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article The Crane Flies (Tipulidae) of the George Reserve, Michigan Get access CATALOGUE OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED EXTRACELLULARLY WITH INSECTS AND TICKS, by STEINHAUS. EDWARD A. 1942. Pages iii and 206, 5½*8½ ins., photolith printed, cartridge board bound. Published by BURGESS PUBLISHING CO., 426 South Sixth St., Minneapolis, Minn. Price $2.00. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 35, Issue 4, 1 December 1942, Page 477, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/35.4.477 Published: 01 December 1942
Structure-function studies of mammalian deoxycytidine kinases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The major pathway for biosynthesis of DNA precursors is via the reduction of ribonucleosides to deoxyribonucleosides by the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme system which occurs in all proliferating cells. As a complement to this is de novo synthesis pathway where most cells express deoxyribonucleoside kinases. Deoxycytidine kinase is a cytosolic enzyme and one of four deoxynucleoside kinases in mammalian cells. Human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) have been cloned and expressed using bacterial vector systems in Escherichia coli. A method to prepare active and stable enzyme for biochemical and structural studies was developed and the effects of high monovalent salt ions were studied. The series of pre-steady-state kinetic experiment were performed with recombinant dCK and different substrates analogues based on intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy. UTP has been shown to be more efficient phosphate donor as compared to ATP probably by allowing a tighter complex formation between dCK and dCyd. Therefore, the higher fluorescence amplitudes observed for dCyd binding to dCK in the presence of UTP are most likely a consequence of a different conformational change induced by dCyd binding to the UTP-dCK complex. These studies lead to new information regarding the steps involved in interactions between dCK and its most important ligands and provide a possible general model for nucleoside kinase action. There are important differences in the efficiency of dCK from human and mouse cells in the capacity to phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides and this fact make drug testing in rodent models unreliable. To help to establish better animal models for future drug testing we used a model of human dCK based on the known structure of the human deoxyguanosine kinase to try to explain why certain substitutions in the mouse dCK give differences in substrate specificity. A series of mutations were introduced in the cDNA for human dCK leading to substitutions mimicking the mouse dCK sequence and three amino acid substitutions (Q179R-T184K-H187N) were shown to be most important. To investigate the mechanism of substrate binding the complexes formed between dCK and ligands, such as dCyd, dAdo and dThd, have characterised for the first time by NMR spectroscopy. We showed that ligands, such as dCyd or dAdo, adopt a South-type sugar conformation when bound to dCK. The bound South-type 2'-deoxynucleosides are likely to be in a "near transition state" such that they can be phosphorylate into their 5'-monophosphates by the phosphate donor, ATP. It was found that dCK has ability to degrade deoxyribonucleosides to bases and most likely deoxyribose-1 phosphate. The reaction depended on inorganic phosphate and relative high concentration of enzyme. All natural deoxyribonucleosides could be cleaved but the specific activity of the phosphorylitic reaction compared to the kinase reaction was low, about 2-10%.
Mechanical Behaviour of ABS-Fused Filament Fabrication Compounds under Impact Tensile Loadings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process, the part is built as a layer-by-layer deposition of a feedstock filament material. The continuous improvements of the FFF have changed the main purpose of this technique from rapid prototyping to a rapid manufacturing method. Then, it is fundamental to determine the material properties of FFF parts as a function of the service load. The impact loads and, in particular, a high strain rates tensile impact can be a critical issue in FFF part and, in general, for plastic materials. The aim of the present work is to characterise the mechanical behaviour of FFF parts under tensile impact loads. To this purpose, three different orientations (i.e., 0°, 45° and 90°) both single- and multilayer specimens, have been printed. Finally, the influence of the impact speed on the mechanical behaviour has also been tested under three different values of speed (3.78 m/s, 3.02 m/s and 2.67 m/s). The results show that the FFF parts are influenced by the raster orientation, confirming the orthotropic behaviour also under dynamic loads, while the variation of impact speed, on peak force and absorbed energy, is limited.