jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Case of Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis (AGEP) Possibly Induced by Iohexol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is an uncommon disease manifested as an erythematous pustular eruption. It is usually caused by systemic medication. We describe a patient with acute generalized pustular eruption induced by iohexol. A 52‐year‐old woman developed fever and a generalized pustular eruption on the neck, trunk and extremities three days after taking iohexol. The culture from pustules was sterile. Other systemic and laboratory examinations were normal. A skin biopsy from a lesion on the trunk showed the features of a drug‐induced pustular eruption as a subcorneal blister including neutrophils and eosinophils, mild spongiosis, and a sparse infiltrate at neutrophils and eosinophils in the papillary dermis. The patient had no history of psoriasis. The lesions resolved with systemic corticosteroid therapy within one week and did not relapse. According to our investigation, iohexol‐induced AGEP has not been previously reported. We present an interesting case.
A Practical Approach for the Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Leg Pain in the Athlete

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic lower leg pain results from various conditions, most commonly, medial tibial stress syndrome, stress fracture, chronic exertional compartment syndrome, nerve entrapment, and popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Symptoms associated with these conditions often overlap, making a definitive diagnosis difficult. As a result, an algorithmic approach was created to aid in the evaluation of patients with complaints of lower leg pain and to assist in defining a diagnosis by providing recommended diagnostic studies for each condition. A comprehensive physical examination is imperative to confirm a diagnosis and should begin with an inquiry regarding the location and onset of the patient's pain and tenderness. Confirmation of the diagnosis requires performing the appropriate diagnostic studies, including radiographs, bone scans, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, compartmental pressure measurements, and arteriograms. Although most conditions causing lower leg pain are treated successfully with nonsurgical management, some syndromes, such as popliteal artery entrapment syndrome, may require surgical intervention. Regardless of the form of treatment, return to activity must be gradual and individualized for each patient to prevent future athletic injury.
SUBVERTISER

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As advertisements on posters in the street get more and more aggressive, our basic cognitive defense -aimed at not perceiving those messages- is not enough. One advanced defensive technique is based on transforming the perceived message into something different from what was originally meant in the message. The demo is based on an application for smartphones that creatively modifies the linguistic expression in a virtual copy of a poster. The mobile system is inspired by the counter-cultural art practice of "subvertising", and aims at experiencing aesthetic pleasure that relaxes the cognitive tension of the user.
HF/VHF absorption in the disturbedDregion

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Absorption data obtained during the November 2–5, 1969, solar proton event at 36 MHz (ordinary and extraordinary waves), 18 MHz, and 9 MHz for four rocket flights plus 30-MHz riometer data are shown to be in good accord with theory. Factors influencing the precision of the results are discussed.
Comparison of Two Project-Based Learning Experiences in Panama City, Panama

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In 1970, Worcester Polytechnic Institute adopted The WPI Plan, a project-based educational philosophy that requires students to complete three research projects during their undergraduate careers, each the equivalent of a full term's worth of work. Almost immediately, this curriculum evolved to incorporate off-campus project opportunities, with the first off-campus Project Center established in 1974. This paper compares two groups of undergraduates that recently carried out NSF-funded research at the Panama City, Panama, Project Center in order to fulfill one of their project requirements. The first group was composed of five seniors, selected based on academic standing, each working under the guidance of personnel from the Panama Canal Authority on a specific technical project as part of their capstone design project. The second group, selected based on financial need, investigated the effects of the ongoing Panama Canal Expansion Project on the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus in the canal watershed to fulfill their junior year 'Interactive Qualifying Project' requirement. The findings of each team, logistical considerations for advisors, the results of student evaluations of the experience, and unique difficulties faced by the students are discussed, as well as lessons learned for the improvement of the program in future years. These projects represent two distinctly unique examples of project-based learning.
In-situ characterisation of nucleation, growth, crystallisation and dissolution of nanoscaled iron oxides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We present the synthesis of four mesoporous templated iron oxides: Ferrihydrite, Hematite, Maghemite, Magnetite/Maghemite and the influence of water on the crystallization mechanism and the kinetics. The absence of water stabilize the ferrihydrite structure. By monitoring the dissolution in situ by using a QCMB and ex situ microscopy we got details in the dissolution mechanism of ferrihydrite.
Knock, Knock: Who’s There?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It has become apparent that major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mammalian cells are the NADPH oxidases. These multimeric enzymes are composed of membrane bound catalytic subunits, or Nox enzymes and a small docking subunit termed p22phox. Depending on the Nox isoform, cytosolic regulatory subunits also play a role in their activation. There are 7 Nox isoforms. The first identified was Nox2, also termed gp91phox, which is present in phagocytic cells and is responsible for the oxidative burst. Unlike Nox2, the other Nox enzymes exhibit sustained production of ROS at somewhat lower levels. Their modes of activation differ, as do their cellular distribution. Nox 1-4 are expressed in vascular cells in rodents. Nox 5 has been identified in atherosclerotic lesions of humans but is not expressed in rodents. Stimulation of cells with angiotensin II, cytokines, catecholamines, high glucose, or mechanical stretch promote NADPH oxidase activation, in large part due to recruitment of cytosolic subunits to the membrane subunit, leading to formation of the functional enzyme complex that can transfer electrons molecular oxygen and formation of superoxide (O2\nÂ·â).1 Superoxide serves as a progenitor for other ROS, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxynitrite (OONO-), and hypochlorous acid (HOCl-). Enhanced activity the NADPH oxidases and increased expression of its subunits occur in many pathological conditions including hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Studies of genetically altered mice have shown that deletion of various NADPH oxidase subunits protect against these diseases, while their overexpression promotes pathology.2-4
Heat transfer and structure of flow at boiling of refrigerant R134a in channels with inserts in the form of finned twisted tape

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents the results of experimental study of heat transfer for the refrigerant R134a flow in the channels with finned twisted tape inserts at bubble boiling. The flow regimes implemented under the given conditions are shown. The stable cord-like flows appear at boiling in channels with twisted tape inserts and high vapor content when the liquid phase moves in the form of a stream (cord) along the central part of the tape, which is not an active heat exchange surface. At boiling this can lead to an increase in the length required for complete liquid evaporation. Existing geometric modifications of twisted tapes are used in the heat-exchange equipment at forced convection of the coolant and do not solve the problem of cord-like flows elimination. The present work discusses the experimental study of heat transfer at boiling of refrigerant R134a in the channels with twisted tape inserts that have fins on its surface.
Figure S5 from Ammonium is the preferred source of nitrogen for planktonic foraminifer and their dinoflagellate symbionts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The symbiotic planktonic foraminifera Orbulina universa inhabits open ocean oligotrophic ecosystems where dissolved nutrients are scarce and often limit biological productivity. It has previously been proposed that O. universa meets its nitrogen (N) requirements by preying on zooplankton, and that its symbiotic dinoflagellates recycle metabolic ‘waste ammonium’ for their N pool. However, these conclusions were derived from bulk 15N-enrichment experiments and model calculations, and our understanding of N assimilation and exchange between the foraminifer host cell and its symbiotic dinoflagellates remains poorly constrained. Here, we present data from pulse-chase experiments with 13C-enriched inorganic carbon, 15N-nitrate and 15N-ammonium, as well as a 13C- and 15N- enriched heterotrophic food source, followed by TEM coupled to NanoSIMS isotopic imaging to visualize and quantify C and N assimilation and translocation in the symbiotic system. High levels of 15N-labelling were observed in the dinoflagellates and in foraminiferal organelles and cytoplasm after incubation with 15N-ammonium, indicating efficient ammonium assimilation. Only weak 15N-assimilation was observed after incubation with 15N-nitrate. Feeding foraminifers with 13C- and 15N-labelled food resulted in dinoflagellates that were labelled with 15N, thereby confirming the transfer of 15N-compounds from the digestive vacuoles of the foraminifer to the symbiotic dinoflagellates, likely through recycling of ammonium. These observations are important for N isotope-based paleoceanographic reconstructions, as they show that δ15N values recorded in the organic matrix in symbiotic species likely reflect ammonium recycling rather than alternative N sources, such as nitrates.
[A comparative study on treatment of lumbar degenerative disease with osteoporosis by manual and robot-assisted cortical bone trajectory screws fixation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Compared with manual implantation of CBT screw, robot-assisted spinal implant has higher accuracy, lower incidence of invasion of superior articular process, and strong holding power of CBT screw, which can be applied to the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases with osteoporosis.
Dissolution of bamboo hemicellulose in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium halide-based ionic liquids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Understanding the dissolution of hemicellulose in ionic liquids (ILs) is important in order to explore efficient utilization of ILs for fractionating lignocellulose and extracting hemicellulose. In this study, three ILs, namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-ium bromide (BmimBr), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (BmimI), were used as solvents to dissolve bamboo hemicellulose over the temperature range of 80 °C to 150 °C. Representative hemicellulose with a solubility higher than 9.0 g/100 g IL was regenerated and characterized. The interaction between the hemicellulose and ILs was evaluated using carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. The results showed that the solubility of hemicellulose in the ILs was in the following order: BmimCl > BmimBr > BmimI. Though moderate degradation of the hemicellulose possibly occurred during dissolution, the main chain of the hemicellulose was almost unchanged. The enhanced solubility of the hemicellulose was because of the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl proton of the hemicellulose and anion of the ILs.
Method for calculating the density of relativistic charged particles moving in a time-dependent electric field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We propose a method for calculating the density of relativistic charged particles that come from a planar boundary with a known velocity distribution function and move collisionless in the half-space under a time-dependent electric field of arbitrary form. Unlike the case when particles move in a stationary field, the density expression contains two additional functions: G and Q, which are associated with the field changeover time. Explicit expressions as integrals of field derivatives with respect to time are obtained for them. For the special case when particles move in a field that varies weakly in time, we get explicit expressions for G and Q functions as linear operators acting on small field perturbation amplitude. The results obtained can be used to study steady-states stability of diodes with relativistic charged particle flows. Stability features of a relativistic Bursian diode steady states for a regime without electron reflection from a potential barrier are studied as an example. The dispersion equation is obtained and solved. The eigen mode growth rates and frequencies as functions of the electron current density are built, and the relativistic factor effect on these dependences is studied.
Advanced three-dimensional thermal modeling of a baseline spent fuel repository

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A three-dimensional thermal analysis using finite difference techniques was performed to determine the near-field response of a baseline spent fuel repository in a deep geologic salt medium. A baseline design incorporates previous thermal modeling experience and OWI recommendations for areal thermal loading in specifying the waste form properties, package details, and emplacement configuration. The base case in this thermal analysis considers one 10-year old PWR spent fuel assembly emplaced to yield a 36 kW/acre (8.9 W/m/sup 2/) loading. A unit cell model in an infinite array is used to simplify the problem and provide upper-bound temperatures. Boundary conditions are imposed which allow simulations to 1000 years. Variations studied include a comparison of ventilated and unventilated storage room conditions, emplacement packages with and without air gaps surrounding the canister, and room cool-down scenarios with ventilation following an unventilated state for retrieval purposes. It was found that at this low-power level, ventilating the emplacement room has an immediate cooling influence on the canister and effectively maintains the emplacement room floor near the temperature of the ventilating air.
The Robin function and conformal welding – A new proof of the existence

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Green’s function of the mixed boundary value problem for harmonic functions is sometimes named the Robin function R ⁢ ( z , ζ ) {R(z,\zeta\/)} after the French mathematical physicist Gustave Robin (1855–1897). The aim of this paper is to provide a new proof of the existence of the Robin function for planar n -fold connected domains using a special version of the well-known Koebe’s uniformization theorem and a conformal mapping which is closely related to the Robin function in the simply connected case.
Seasonal Phenology and Natural Enemies of the Oleander Mealybug,Paracoccus burnerae(Brain) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), in South Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The importance of Paracoccus burnerae has risen over the years to an extent where it is now not only a serious pest of citrus, but is also a quarantine pest for citrus fruit imported from South Africa. The field biology of P. burnerae on citrus in the Western Cape Province of South Africa was studied through periodic sampling of leaves from twigs enclosed in sleeve cages. The species composition and abundance of natural enemies was investigated. Both adult and immature stages attained maximum population peaks in March and P. burnerae had four generations. The highest level of mortality was experienced in the immature stages. Climate and an unidentified fungus were the key mortality factors. The level of abundance of the two observed predators, the harlequin beetle, Harmonia axyridis, and the green lacewing, Chrysoperla sp., was relatively low. Although parasitism occurred in some cages, the level was low, ranging between 1.62 and 9.43 %. If biocontrol is the preferred method of controlling P. burnerae, suitable candidate parasitoids for inoculative biocontrol are Acerophagus sp., Leptomastix sp. and Microterys nietneri. The oleander mealybug does not share the same parasitoids with Planococcus citri, Pseudococcus calceolariae and Pseudococcus longispinus except for the parasitoid Coccophagus sp. The most popular species of parasitoids used in the biolological control of mealybugs, Anagyrus sp. and Coccidoxenoides sp., were insignificant in the case of P. burnerae.
Nanocathodoluminescence reveals the mitigation of the Stark shift in InGaN quantum wells by silicon doping

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

InGaN quantum wells (QWs) show high internal quantum efficiencies over the ultraviolet to green spectrum and in white light emitting diodes (LEDs). However a persistent challenge to the development of higher efficiency devices is the strong polarisation field across the across the QWs along the polar axis. The polarisation induced internal electric fields cause the spatial separation of the electron and hole wavefunctions in the QWs, known as the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE). It has been proposed that the internal electric field can be suppressed by silicon doping the quantum barriers (QBs) [1]. Moreover, Kim et al . have theoretically shown that the device efficiency may be improved by variations in the silicon dopant concentration through the QWs [2]. To confirm the simulated properties though, it is crucial to resolve the spectral properties of individual QWs. In this study, nano‐cathodoluminescence (nanoCL) reveals for the first time the spectral properties of individual InGaN QWs in high efficiency LEDs and the influence of silicon doping on the emission properties [3]. A silicon doped layer at 5×10 18 cm ‐3 is included immediately prior to the growth of the 1 st QW and the QBs between the QWs are subsequently doped to 1×10 18 cm ‐3 (sample A). Two further multiple QW InGaN/GaN structures were also grown for reference with QB doping levels of 1×10 18 cm ‐3 (sample B) and 1×10 17 cm ‐3 or less (sample C). NanoCL reveals variations in the emission wavelength that directly correlate with individual QWs. With QB doping greater than 1×10 18 cm ‐3 , there is a continuous blue shift in the emission wavelength of each of the subsequently grown QWs. The inclusion of a higher doped layer immediately prior to the growth of the 1 st QW in the LED structure leads to a blue shift unique to the 1 st QW. The experimental variations in the emission wavelengths were reproduced by Schrödinger‐Poisson simulations. The blue shift in emission wavelength through the QWs due to QB doping is found to be caused by screening of the internal electric fields. The reduction in the emission wavelength of the first grown QW due to the higher doped layer is also found to be the result of screening of the internal electric field. The mitigation of the QCSE and consequently stronger overlap of the electron and hole wavefunction, thus should result in an increase in the radiative recombination. NanoCL thus may serve as an experimental approach to study and refine the design of future optoelectronic nanostructures, including the effects from doping and lead to improvements in device efficiency and functionality.
Efficacy of Fungicides and Spatial Distribution of Angular Leaf Spot on Tripterygium wilfordii Infected by Pseudocercospra elaeodendri

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Efficacy of 8fungicides was examined in vitro on the germination of Pseudocercospra elaeodendri.The best effect of the fungicides was the 75% mass fraction chlorothalonil WP with EC50=0.49mg·L-2,EC=0.78mg·L-2,followed by the 25% mass fraction procymidone thiram WP,and then,the 80% mass fraction mancozeb WP.Spore germination inhibition rates of10% were found for pyrimethanil(70 mg·L-2),iprodione(100mg·L-1),thiophanate-metlyl(100mg·L-1)and tradimefon(100mg·L-1)after 7hincubation.Based on the aggregation indices,Iwao′s regression and Taylor′s power law,the spatial distribution pattern of the angular leaf spot of Tripterygium wilfordii was found to be uniform in the area′s forests.
Geophagy of tropical fruit eating bats: mineral licks as a link between ecology and conservation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Zusammenfassung - 5 - Summary - 7 - Chapter I General Introduction - 11 -
Outline of the study - 19 - Chapter II Frugivorous bats drink nutrient and
clay-enriched water in the Amazon rainforest: Support for a dual function of
mineral lick visitations - 27 - Chapter III Defaunation of tropical forests
reduces habitat quality for seed-dispersing bats in Western Amazonia: an
unexpected connection via mineral licks - 51 - Chapter IV Increasing Awareness
of Ecosystem Services Provided by Bats - 71 - Chapter V General Discussion -
103 - Conclusive remarks - 112 - Acknowledgements - 121 - Curriculum Vitae -
125 -
Density functional study of gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Density functional theory calculations using Becke's three-parameter exchange functional in combination with the Lee-Young-Parr correlation functional (B3-LYP) and standard 6-311 + G(d,p) basis set were carried out to study the conformational stability and vibrational spectra of gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Calculations reveal the existence of two stable conformers trans and gauche. The calculated energy for the gauche conformation was found to be 608 cm−1 above the minimum energy of the trans conformation. Temperature dependence of Raman spectra of liquid APTES and DFT calculation enabled us to identify the vibrational bands characteristic for both conformers. It has been shown that there is an increase in the population of gauche conformer with increasing temperature.
Prolonged venous access for chemotherapy by means of the hickman catheter

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One hundred and six long-term right atrial (Hickman) catheters have been used to establish permanent venous access in 99 patients undergoing prolonged chemotherapy for leukemia and other malignancies at the University of Maryland/Baltimore Cancer Research Center over the 30-month period from November 1978 to May 1981. A uniform technique for insertion, using cannulation of the external or internal jugular vein and atraumatic dissection of the subcutaneous tunnel, has resulted in no episodes of hemorrhage or tunnel infection in the last 55 placements in these high-risk granulocytopenic, thrombocytopenic patients. Twelve catheters have now been in place for over one year, and two catheters have been in place for over two years without apparent ill effects. A low catheter related infection rate is attributed to meticulous adherence to catheter care guidelines, supervised by a single trained and interested nurse.