jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study on Microstructure and Properties of High Strength Construction Steel Bars

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the microstructure and properties construction steel bars under various quenching and tempering temperature are investigated. Tensile tests show that the maximum tensile strength is1489MPa, elongation 11%, quenching temperature and tempering temperature have effects on the strength and plasticity of the samples, but the latter effect is more pronounced than the former. Steel bars have superior delayed fracture resistance between 390 ~420°C. The microstructure of steel bar is mainly composed of fine tempered sorbite (troostite) with carbide distributed along the lath martensite boundaries. Thus, we draw the conclusion thermal refining is an effective way to improve mechanical properties and delayed fracture resistance of high strength construction steel bars.
Cost-efficient emission abatement of energy and transportation technologies: Mitigation costs and policy impacts for Belgium

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In the light of global warming, this paper develops a framework to compare energy and transportation technologies in terms of cost-efficient GHG emission reduction. We conduct a simultaneous assessment of economic and environmental performances through life cycle costing and life cycle assessment. To calculate the GHG mitigation cost, we create reference systems within the base scenario. Further, we extend the concept of the mitigation cost, allowing (i) comparision of technologies given a limited investment resource, and (ii) evaluation of the direct impact of policy measures by means of the subsidized mitigation cost. The framework is illustrated with a case of solar photovoltaics (PV), grid powered battery electric vehicles (BEVs), and solar powered BEVs for a Belgian small and medium sized enterprise. The study's conclusions are that the mitigation cost of solar PV is high, even though this is a mature technology. The emerging mass produced BEVs on the other hand are found to have a large potential for cost-efficient GHG mitigation as indicated by their low cost of mitigation. Finally, based on the subsidized mitigation cost, we conclude that the current financial stimuli for all three investigated technologies are excessive when compared to the CO2 market value under the EU Emission Trading Scheme. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Performance Evaluation of Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In high performance computational environments, communication stands out as the major limiting factor to performance. However, high speed network infrastructures are constructed and high speed data transfer protocols, such as BIC TCP and UDT, are capable of transferring the data at the speed of 6~7 Gbps. Despite these circumstances, normal PC users, still have difficulties transferring bulk data in 1 Gbps network. In this paper we try to find out performance limiting factor in end systems. First of all, we investigate the performance effect according to types of NIC and we characterize the current capabilities of PCI, PCI-X and PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces and identify requisite components for optimal performance.
Development of a calendar populating program

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nanyang Technological University (NTU) School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE) have been using an Outlook Calendar Program which helps to populate teaching staffs’ work schedule to their respective Outlook Calendar. This paper will review the limitations faced with the existing program and discuss in detail the development of a new Windows application using Visual Studio 2017. This new application will be able to convert the work schedule of a teaching staff to a calendar file which allows them to populate to their preferred calendar application, not restricted to Outlook Calendar. The background information, specification, design and functionalities of the application will be included in this report and subsequently, the source codes will be shared as well. Lastly, it will cover on the few challenges faced upon the implementation of the project and summing it up with the possible future enhancements together with the expected results.
Detection of Unhealthy Citrus Leaves using Deep Neural Network

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract: This research paper presents a novel approach for detecting unhealthy citrus leaves using deep neural networks (DNNs). By leveraging convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and a comprehensive dataset of healthy and diseased citrus leaf images, we train a robust model for accurate classification. Data augmentation and transfer learning techniques are employed to enhance the model's performance. Extensive evaluation demonstrates the superiority of our approach. Our automated method contributes to plant health monitoring, facilitating timely interventions and optimizing crop yield for sustainable agriculture
Application of the Beneficial Microorganism in Penaeus vannamei Culture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Up to now, the beneficial microorganism apply in Penaeus vannamei culture process are micro-ecological preparations, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, microalgae. This paper summarized the definition, main mechanism and application of them and prospected application of the beneficial microorganism in Penaeus vannamei culture.
Development of Bilateral Cam Deformity After Dunn Procedure and Contralateral Prophylactic Fixation: A Periosteal Reaction?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Case: We present the case of a fourteen-year-old male athlete with a slipped capital femoral epiphysis who was managed with a unilateral Dunn procedure and contralateral prophylactic screw fixation. Even though the cartilaginous epiphyseal growth plate was removed on one side, cam deformities subsequently developed on both sides in the postoperative period. Conclusion: This case suggests that structures other than the growth plate are also capable of inducing cam deformity of the hip.
Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Minimally invasive techniques have recently been introduced into cardiac surgical procedures. Opportunities to make coronary artery bypass less invasive include elimination or minimization of both incisions and cardiopulmonary bypass. The current spectrum of minimally invasive coronary bypass procedures range from the minimally invasive direct vision coronary artery bypass procedure, which eliminates both the sternotomy incision and cardiopulmonary bypass, to the port access approach, which uses femoral-femoral bypass. Current procedures are also being used to make mitral and aortic valve surgery as well as saphenous vein harvest less invasive.
Competing Perspectives in Resource Protection: The Case of Marine Protected Areas in West Hawai‘i

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines a conflict involving the protection of coral reefs from aquarium fish collecting along the coast of western Hawai'i. The involved parties included aquarium fish collectors, dive tour operators, Hawai'i Division of Aquatic Resources, reef protection advocates, and administrative/legislature state actors. An attempt was made to resolve the controversy through a combination of legislative action and environmental dispute resolution. The responsible state agency approached the issue based on the implicit assumption that it was a conflict that could be resolved through negotiated agreements based on the best available scientific information. Our analysis suggests that scientific perspectives framed and dominated the resolution process to the perceived detriment or (at least underrepresentation) of some identity-based community perspectives. The resulting agreement established reef protection in the form of marine protected areas, but last-minute scuttling of previously negotiated enforcement procedures occurred, revealing that not all stakeholders were truly supportive of all elements of the agreement. This last-minute action resulted in fewer effective enforcement provisions and, at least from some perspectives, marginalization of the broader community's role as resource managers.
Predicting machine behavior from Google cluster workload traces

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary Data centers today host a number of computational resources to support the increasing demand for computation and storage. Understanding how these physical and virtual machines transition between different states of operation (referred to as machine lifecycle) enables more efficient data center operation management. Furthermore, it helps data center operators define policies on how new computational resources can be added or existing infrastructure decommissioned. Using Google cluster trace data set version 3 collected from approximately 96 k machines, we analyze machine failure and changes in machine lifecycle over time. We observed that there is a 13% chance of another machine failure under the same network switch within 1 min of the previous machine failure. A Markov chain‐based model is proposed, that can predict machine states at any given time. Using the model and estimated probabilities, we predicted the machine state over a span of several days with a high probability. Using the predicted machine state, we reconstructed the active machines trend and compared this with the trend reported in the data set, observing an error of 1.76%.
Dilemma of State Sovereignty Protecting the Homeland Indonesia(Studies Agrarian Constitution)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

State of lawhas thesovereignauthoritytodetermineandregulatetheir ownaffairs for free. State of law teaches that all government action must be based on legislation drafted by the competent institution. Practice anomaly state in Indonesia, on the one hand have a sovereign law-making but on the other hand welcomed the intervention of other parties. The Conditions of legislators who still easily bought and intervention is one of the reasons. Impact the state is ineffective to protect the native land of Indonesia from foreign exploitation. Whereas the agrarian constitution of Indonesia sincerely as developing states have been prepared in line with the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to set access restrictions by foreign agrarian resources.Legislation that opens wide agrarian access to foreign resources is a infringement of Human Rights, which should be corrected (judicial), hence it does not make pretending law states.Ostensiblyto protect thehomeland of Indonesia, althoughsoldto foreigners. Institutions authorized to make corrections to the laws that are discrepant with the constitution of agrarian is the Constitutional Court. This research subject points is to analyze legislation in the field of agrarian resources that have been corrected and the legal considerations.The study was conducted using the document approach. Such legal materials through library and internet access. Legal materials were examined using a prescriptive-analytical method.Until the beginning of2015there wereninelegislationrelated tothe field ofagrarian resourcesthat have beensuccessfullycorrected, andotherwisecontrary to theconstitution. So the Court's performance should be held up and requires awareness together in finding the national identity, became sovereign over agrarian resources and no intervention from other parties.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR BREAKING DORMANCY IN SEEDS OF SESBANIA SESBAN

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Dormancy in seeds of Sesbania sesban is caused by a water-impermeable seed coat (hard seeds or hardseededness). A two-phase pretreatment technique was developed for breaking seed dormancy and was validated using different accessions and seed lots. Seeds were first soaked in water at 80 °C for 8 min and prepared for the germination test. Ungerminated hard seeds at the first count (after four days incubation) during the germination test were then subjected to a second treatment by mechanically scarifying the seed coat. The effects of water temperature and variation in initial hardseededness and viability among and within accessions were also investigated. The optimum water temperature, allowing maximum seed germination without increasing the percentage of abnormal seedling/dead seeds was 80 °C. The mean percentage of hard seeds across 30 seed lots of six accessions was reduced to 26% after phase 1 and to 0% after phase 2. In addition, full germination occurred within only 10 days for treated seeds while germination in untreated seeds had reached only 48% after 14 days. Significant differences existed among the seed lots within the accessions ( p > 0.05) for the percentage of initial hard seed and for the effects of treatments on breaking seed dormancy. The two-phase technique developed was validated using over 1000 seed lots of S. sesban , and it was found to be a rapid and cost-effective method for breaking hard seed dormancy with potential for wider use for hard-seeded legumes.
Reply : Association of TASS with ointment in the anterior chamber following cataract surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In our recently published report of 8 cases of TASS associated with ointment in the anterior chamber, we highlighted the risks possibly associated with the combination of unsutured clear corneal incisions, ointment, and eye patches. We believe the association of the first 2 factors was the most significant in these cases; the role of the firm eye patch used by the surgeon was unclear. Grosser states that after sutureless clear corneal cataract surgery in an adequately pressurized eye, a patch might create a more stable wound by holding the lid closed. We hypothesize that the presence of the eye patch could enhance the contact of the ointment with the anterior corneal surface by keeping the eyelid closed, increasing the risk for ointment penetration into the anterior chamber in case of hypotony. In a retrospective clinical study, Shingleton et al.1 report that 20.5% of the patients evaluated had an IOP below 5 mm Hg 30 minutes postoperatively. All the patients in the same study had a self-sealing clear corneal wound that was tested to be watertight, and an attempt had been made to leave the IOP at an arbitrary level of 10 mm Hg by tactile measurement at the completion of the procedure. However, tactile IOP measurements can be inconsistent, and the IOP could have been lower than 10 mm Hg. The time between completion of surgery and IOP measurement may not have been long enough to allow the aqueous formation and IOP to normalize. Based on this mechanism, it is unclear that an eye patch would have made any difference in terms of the hypotony observed. We also have to consider that a corneal incision that is hydrated at the end of the procedure may dehydrate relatively fast, compromising its self-sealing characteristics. Grosser also states that patching may speed re-epithelialization of the wound and help wound edges adhere. To our knowledge, no systematic study to evaluate this has been done. The available literature relates to the management of corneal abrasions with patching, showing no acceleration of re-epithelialization and no alteration in the epithelial wound healing pattern.2 In a study involving 44 patients having phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, Honda et al.3 found higher aqueous flare levels in the patched group. They hypothesize that this was because of the lack of cooling. Cooling facilitates aqueous flow, which helps disperse and remove proteins in the anterior chamber. It is also possible that the extended lid closure that occurs with an eye patch causes anterior chamber hypoxia, which influences the flare level. For these reasons, we still do not recommend tight patching of the eye following cataract surgery, especially in association with ointment and a clear corneal wound.
"To see some few proofs of enormous wickedness": The Use of Photographs and Wood Engravings of Prisoners of War in Six American Civil War Publications, 1864-1865

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis addresses the use of a set of photographs of returned prisoners of war (POWs) published both as tipped-in albumen prints and as wood engravings in six different publications from 1864 and 1865, including three versions of Narrative of Privations and Sufferings of United States Officers and Soldiers while Prisoners of War in the Hands of the rebel Authorities, one pamphlet, and two magazine articles, The discussion focuses on the dissemination of these images by the United States Sanitary Commission, the ways in which the photographs were presented in the individual publications that contained them, the decisions that the engravers made in translating the photographs into wood engravings and the visual codes that informed the photographs and the related engravings. The illustrated essay situates these photographs and wood engravings within the political context of the American Civil War and the history of photography in the 1860s. The dissemination of photographic imagery via wood engravings before the widespread use of halftone reproductions, beginning in the 1880s, is presently under researched. The paper encourages consideration of wood engravings when examining the history of photographic reproduction during this transitional time period.
The Drosophila miti-mere gene, a member of the POU family, is required for the specification of the RP2/sibling lineage during neurogenesis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The Drosophila POU gene miti-mere (previously known as pdm2) has a complex spatial and temporal pattern of expression during early development; initially it is expressed in gap-gene-like pattern, then in 14 stripes and finally in a subset of the cells in the developing CNS and PNS. To study the function of this gene during develop-ment, we generated a ‘synthetic anti-morphic mutation’ by expressing a truncated version of the miti protein from a constitutive hsp83 and an inducible hsp70 promoter. We show that these Δmiti transgenes behave like classical anti-morphic mutations. Using these dominant negative trans-genes, together with deletions and a duplication for the gene, we show that miti is required during segmentation and neurogenesis. We have also used temperature-shift experiments with the hsp70Δmiti transgene to demonstrate that miti function in segmentation is distinct and separable from its function during neurogenesis. In segmentation, miti appears to be required in the specification of the segments A2 and A6. In the CNS, miti is required for the elaboration of the NB4-2→GMC-1→RP2/sib lineage. miti is initially required in this lineage to establish the identity of the parental ganglion mother cell, GMC-1. miti must then be down-regulated to allow the asymmetric division of GMC-1 into the RP2 and its sibling cell.
A Study of Attitudes Toward Reading in a Whole Language Classroom of Western Kansas Students in Grade Three in a Selected School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the attitudes toward reading of third grade students involved in a whole language program. The sample consisted of 71 students. Forty eight students participated in the study group, and a control group consisted of 23 students. / The independent variables were participation status, gender, socio-economic status, race, qualification for Chapter 1 services, and participation in English Training services. The dependent variables were scores from the scales of the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey (ERAS). These were: Attitudes Toward Recreational Reading, Attitudes Toward Academic Reading, and Total. Pretest scores from the scales of the ERAS were employed as covariant measures and included Attitudes Toward Recreational Reading, Attitudes Toward Academic Reading, and Total. / Six composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance. A total of 18 comparisons were made. None of the 18 main effects were statistically significant at the .05 level. The researcher would make these recommendations if the study were to be replicated; 1. The study should be replicated with a large random sample, 2. The study should be replicated examining treatment in detail, 3. The study should be replicated investigating other dimensions of effectiveness, and 4. The study should be replicated controlling teacher variables.
RHIZOBIAL COMPETITION AND ENHANCING RHIZOBIAL COLONIZATION IN THE LEGUME RHIZOSPHERE USING A SYSTEMIC FUNGICIDE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The inoculation of legumes with effective rhizobia or bradyrhizobia represents an inexpensive alternative to the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers, whose prices have risen due to the high cost of energy involved in their production. These fertilizers are also pollution hazards. The process of symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation requires that the host crop be adequately nodulated by the specific root-nodule bacteria effective in nitrogen fixation. Not all the strains of Rhizobium or Bradyrhizobium that can produce nodules on a given host are able to use N2 rapidly and efficiently. Nonetheless, selection of an effective (i.e. N2-fixing) strain is a prerequisite for any crop to be inoculated. A second important characteristic is the competitiveness of the strain. Unfortunately, effectiveness and competitiveness are generally mutually exclusive and are not dependent upon each other. Little information exists on the effects of systemic fungicides on symbiotic nitrogen fixation or nodulation. It has been reported that the systemic fungicide benomyl increased the relative abundance of nodules formed by the inoculated strain, the number of added rhizobia on the root, the total N content, and the percentage N of soybean plants grown in four soils when the seeds were inoculated with a benomyl-resistant strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. It was also found that oxamyl (a basipetally translocated fungicide) applied to the seeds, foliage, or both increased the yield, N content, percentage N, and weight of nodules, pods, and grains along with the number of nodules formed by the inoculated strain when soybean seeds were inoculated with oxamyl-resistant Rhizobium japonicum.