jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Isotopic stratigraphy of Amazon Fan Sediments

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

δ18O stratigraphies of planktonic foraminifers were completed for 17 sites drilled on the Amazon Fan during Leg 155 (March-May 1994). These sites penetrated sediments of the last glacial and, for the first time, sediments of the previous interglacial on the Amazon Fan. Downslope, sediment depositional processes and hiatuses dominate the record in sites from the lower portion of the fan making the construction of age models from isotopic data alone problematic. Sites from the central axi s of the fan have extremely high sedimentation rates. Age models could only be constructed with isotopic data at these sites into isotopic Stages 2‐3, because sediment reworking processes dominate the record in sediments older than Stage 3 (>25 k.y.). High resolution isotopic records were obtained in the hemipelagic portions of the mud-rich upper fan (Sites 937 through 939) and from a site located to the west of the central axis of the fan (Site 942). Age models constructed from these isotopic strat igraphies show that sediments accumulated at rates up to 30 m/k.y. on the central fan during the last glacial lowstand. On the fa r western portion of the fan at Site 942, sedimentation rates are higher in the interglacials than during the last glacial period . Continental margin drilling can yield high resolution isotopic records if sites are carefully chosen to avoid areas where depositi onal processes are dominated by sediment gravity flows and reworking.
MagneTrack: Magnetic Field Separation Method for Continuous and Simultaneous 1-DOF Tracking of Two-magnets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a method to track two magnets using one magnetometer on a smart device (e.g., smartphone), which detects the locations of the magnets around the device. A magnetometer measures the overlapping data signals generated by the two magnets. Thus, a data-separation technique is required to separately track the continuous and simultaneous signals generated by the two magnets. In this study, we develop a separation algorithm based on nonnegative matrix factorization to continuously and simultaneously track two magnets, and then conduct an experiment to validate our concept. We then compare our method in both simulated and actual environments. In the actual environment, we observe real data signals arising from the two magnets on a magnetometer. Finally, we present example applications to demonstrate the use cases of our model in human–computer interaction systems.
THE EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES CONNECTED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF BINOCULAR VISION ON ASSOCIATED MOVEMENTS OF THE EYES.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Journal Article THE EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES CONNECTED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF BINOCULAR VISION ON ASSOCIATED MOVEMENTS OF THE EYES. Get access R. H. CLARKE, M.A., M.B. R. H. CLARKE, M.A., M.B. Laboratory of Pathological Chemistry, University College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 31, Issue 1, May 1908, Pages 138–146, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/31.1.138 Published: 01 May 1908
On the Fauna of Gasteruptiid Wasps (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea, Gasteruptiidae) of Belarus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Based on the samples of gasteruptiid wasps belonging to the family Gasteruptiidae and genus Gasteruption Latreille, 1796 collected in Gomel area during 2005–2021, the six species are recorded for the first time from Belarus. A brief information on distribution and ecology of these species is given.
pH dependent conformational changes of the catalytic domain of deubiquitinase OTU1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Proteins often consist of linked domains which are regions of a protein sequence that can fold independently of each other. Domain dynamics are known to play an important role in enabling the formation of large proteins but there has not been much research done into how domains may affect protein folding and enzymatic activity. To gain insight into domain dynamics we will study the catalytic domain ScOTU1 of a model multi-domain deubiquitinase from yeast called OTU1 which catalyzes the breakdown of ubiquitin iso-peptide linkages. ScOTU1 was successfully overexpressed in BL21-DE3 cells and purified using a nickel column where it then underwent a rapid buffer exchange using a gel filtration column. ScOTU1 was studied utilizing two experiments a Ubiquitin-Rhodamine catalytic cleavage assay and a Bis-ANS hydrophobicity assay. Through cleavage of Ubiquitin-Rhodamine it was possible to measure the kcat/Km specificity constant which showed significant activity at pH ranges from eight to seven. The Bis-ANS experiments showed that the ScOTU1 catalytic domain existed in two conformations that were shifted in a pH dependent manner. At high pH the ScOTU1 catalytic domain was present in a primarily open conformation and at low pH the ScOTU1 catalytic domain was present in a primarily closed conformation. The Ubiquitin-Rhodamine and Bis-ANS experiments provided evidence that the current model for catalytic cleavage of the iso-peptide linkages of a polyubiquitin molecule by ScOTU1 follows a conformation selection mechanism for enzyme catalysis which is a two-state mechanism where ScOTU1 is in an equilibrium between a closed and open conformation where at physiological pH the enzyme is primarily in a closed conformation. Through the binding of its polyubiquitin substrate the equilibrium can shift to enable catalysis to occur at physiological pH.
What is the I that I am? An Enquiry into the Self

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

<p>This dissertation is an elucidation of the nature of the self. It consists of two major parts. The first part is an investigation of the necessary and sufficient conditions of the self, appealing to four theses: the Conceivability Thesis, the Equilibrium Thesis, Panpsychism and the Multiple Selves Doctrine and the Locus Thesis. Proponents of these views are examined in detail, including Descartes, Avicenna, Strawson, Parfit and Dennett. The conditions of selfhood are established through an examination of the individual’s perception and how they arrange their perceptions. The second part of the dissertation discusses the influences of the outside or others’ perception of a self, and how this can influence an individual’s own impression of the self. This is considered using as examples the psychological disorders of autism and schizophrenia. The primary aim of this dissertation is to establish criteria for the presence of the self in the individual and to examine some of the ways in which the self can be expressed. Furthermore, this dissertation begins to clarify the importance of the contribution the self makes towards a person’s successful functioning within his/her selected community.</p>
Semi-tensor product approach to controllability and stabilizability of finite automata

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Using semi-tensor product of matrices, the controllability and stabilizability of finite automata are investigated. By expressing the states, inputs, and outputs in vector forms, the transition and output functions are represented in matrix forms. Based on this algebraic description, a necessary and sufficient condition is proposed for checking whether a state is controllable to another one. By this condition, an algorithm is established to find all the control sequences of an arbitrary length. Moreover, the stabilizability of finite automata is considered, and a necessary and sufficient condition is presented to examine whether some states can be stabilized. Finally, the study of illustrative examples verifies the correctness of the presented results/algorithms.
Measuring Changes in Knowledge and Attitudes of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Providers After Receiving an Educational Intervention About the Value of Human Milk in the Preterm Infant

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Executive Summary Measuring Changes in Knowledge and Attitudes of NICU Providers after Receiving an Educational Intervention about the Value of Human Milk in the Preterm Infant Problem Identification Human milk is proven to decrease morbidities and mortality in extremely low birth weight neonates. Health care providers must approach the mothers of these infants and explain the need for own mother's milk or consent for the use of donor milk in these infants. Providers may lack the knowledge about the importance of human milk in NICU infants, or may hold negative attitudes about human milk's contribution to the health of these infants (Agostoni & Manzoni, 2013; Ahrabi & Schanler, 2013). Purpose The purpose of this project was to examine an educational intervention's effectiveness in increasing knowledge and changing attitudes of health care providers with regard to the importance and value of human milk for the infants in the NICU. Goals The goals of the capstone project were to provide an educational intervention aimed at health care providers and to increasing knowledge and changing attitudes of those professionals. Objectives Objectives were increasing and substantiating knowledge, and evaluating the effect of the intervention of those objectives. Short-term objectives were to heighten awareness, and long term objectives to increase the use of human milk in the NICU. Plan Institutional Review Boards of both Regis University and the clinical site, University of Louisville, approved the proposed project. A time line was developed, and the project was implemented. The educational intervention was developed using a PowerPoint presentation on "Human Milk for Human Babies" and was presented in three different educational sessions to health care providers using the inclusions in the proposal. Outcome and Results Participants completed the pre-tests and post-tests and data was imputed into the SPSS statistical software. Paired t-tests for dependent groups were conducted. The independent variable was pre-exposure and post-exposure to the educational intervention on the value of human milk, The dependent variables were responses to pre-test questions as compared to post-test questions. After analysis of the pre-test and post-test results, using two-tailed paired t-tests, statistical significance was noted at the < 0.05 level, both for knowledge and attitude differences. The results suggest increased knowledge and changed attitudes in those who participated. The value of this conclusion indicates that more education would be valuable to all NICU providers.
Chronic renal impairment and surgical site infection in patients undergoing infrainguinal revascularisation: Results of a matched case-control study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Surgical site infection may cause graft failure and limb loss following infrainguinal vascular surgery. Chronic renal impairment (CRI) is associated with defective host immunity and a poor long-term outcome after revascularisation. Our aim in this study was to evaluate whether CRI is associated with surgical site infection in patients undergoing infrainguinal revascularisation. We performed a matched case-control, retrospective study of patients undergoing infrainguinal revascularisation in the Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Centre which serves the Northern Ireland Regional Nephrology Service. Patients with CRI were matched for age, sex, and anatomical bypass site, to patients with normal renal function. Surgical site infection was evaluated in each group according to US centers for Disease Control and the Society for Vascular Surgery/International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery (SVS/ISCS) reporting standards. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the effect of renal impairment on the risk of surgical site infection following infrainguinal revascularisation. One hundred ninety-two patients underwent infrainguinal revascularisation between 1999 and 2001. Twenty-four patients with CRI were identified and matched to an equal number of controls. Surgical site infection was more common in patients with chronic renal impairment (10/24 vs. 3/24, P < 0.05). Pre-existing ulceration and chronic renal impairment were independent risk factors for the development of infection (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively). The odds ratio for developing a surgical site infection in chronic renal impairment was 7.06 (95% confidence intervals 1.18–42.22).
Explaining the “How” of Self-Esteem Development: The Self-Organizing Self-Esteem Model

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The current article proposes a theoretical model of self-esteem called the Self-Organizing Self-Esteem (SOSE) model. The model provides an integrative framework for conceptualizing and understanding the intrinsic dynamics of self-esteem and the role of the context across 3 levels of development: The macro level, which is the level of trait self-esteem, the meso level, on which we find state self-esteem, and the micro level, which is the level of discrete self experiences. The model applies principles from the complex dynamics systems perspective to self-esteem, and can thus uniquely describe the underlying mechanism of self-esteem development based on self-organizational processes and interacting time scales. We compare the proposed SOSE model with a formalized account of the traditional approach to self-esteem, showing that the SOSE model is especially conducive to the understanding of self-esteem development in a way that the traditional approach is not—namely, in its ability to explain and predict the underlying dynamics of trait and state self-esteem, the meaning of variability, and the role of the context.
Global Value Chains and Directions of Japanese FDI in the Automobile Industry under the USMCA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We investigate the impact of US steel and aluminum tariffs, and the resumption of auto tariffs under the revised North American Free Trade Agreement, on trade in North America and foreign direct investment (FDI) from Japan, from the perspective of the auto industry. The results of policy simulation analyses with a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model are as follows. Canada and Mexico would benefit from US steel and aluminum tariffs, being alternative trade partners with both the US and other countries. Due to the auto tariffs on intra-North America exports, Canada and Mexico would lose a large part of the windfall benefits from the US steel and aluminum tariffs. Japan’s FDI in Canada and Mexico would fall sharply. The more de-integrated North American economies become, the more Japan would regain its auto production, although at a painful cost in terms of welfare. That negative welfare impact would be neutralized by abolition of auto tariffs with the US.
Primary and secondary metabolism of pentamidine by rats.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The antiprotozoal drug pentamidine [1,5-bis(4'-amidinophenoxy)pentane] has been previously shown to be metabolized by rat liver microsomes, and five of the seven putative primary metabolites have been identified. With the synthesis and identification of 5-(4'-amidinophenoxy)pentanoic acid and 5-(4'-amidinophenoxy)-1-pentanol as the remaining two metabolites, the primary metabolism of pentamidine in rats appears fully characterized. Use of [14C]pentamidine with rat liver microsomes confirms this conclusion, since no unidentified radioactive peaks were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Isolated, perfused rat livers were used with [14C]pentamidine to identify secondary metabolites. Only two novel radioactive peaks were detected by HPLC analysis of perfused liver samples. The treatment of liver samples with sulfatase or beta-glucuronidase resulted in the reduction or elimination of these peaks and gave rise to peaks identified as para-hydroxybenzamidine and 5-(4'-amidinophenoxy)pentanoic acid. It was concluded from these results that only these two primary metabolites were conjugated with sulfate or glucuronic acid. After 4 h of incubation in the perfused liver system, approximately 15% of the recovered radiolabel was pentamidine. These results suggest that pentamidine metabolism can be rapid and extensive in rats.
Differential Object Marking in Romance: The Third Wave

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

After a ?first wave? of traditional studies on prepositional accusatives and a ?second wave? exploring the typological dimensions of Differential Object Marking in Bossong?s footsteps, a new line of research is currently introducing new methods, deepening the level of analysis, and offering new perspectives on the issue. This volume presents 11 innovative, original contributions representative of this ?third wave? of studies on DOM in Romance
IMPROVING ROAD MANAGEMENT AND FINANCING: A REVIEW OF SOME RECENT EXPERIENCE OF POLICY REFORMS IN AFRICA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper assesses the recent performance of road funds in a few selected countries in Africa where these funds have existed for some time, based on 3 guiding principles: have they improved resource allocation; have they improved operational efficiency; and have they improved the quantity/quality of road maintenance? Key findings and recommendations from the analysis are presented. The paper also draws inferences from the study as to the role that technology tranfser could be expected to play in addressing outstanding issues.
Genetic and functional diversity of the multiple lungfish myoglobins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It is known that the West African lungfish (Protopterus annectens) harbours multiple myoglobin (Mb) genes that are differentially expressed in various tissues and that the Mbs differ in their abilities to confer tolerance towards hypoxia. Here, we show that other lungfish species (Protopterus dolloi, Protopterus aethiopicus and Lepidosiren paradoxa) display a similar diversity of Mb genes and have orthologous Mb genes. To investigate the functional diversification of these genes, we studied the structures, O2 binding properties and nitrite reductase enzymatic activities of recombinantly expressed P. annectens Mbs (PanMbs). CD spectroscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering revealed the typical globin‐fold in all investigated recombinant Mbs, indicating a conserved structure. The highest O2 affinity was measured for PanMb2 (P50 = 0.88 Torr at 20 °C), which is mainly expressed in the brain, whereas the muscle‐specific PanMb1 has the lowest O2 affinity (P50 = 3.78 Torr at 20 °C), suggesting that tissue‐specific O2 requirements have resulted in the emergence of distinct Mb types. Two of the mainly neuronally expressed Mbs (PanMb3 and PanMb4b) have the highest nitrite reductase rates. These data show different O2 binding and enzymatic properties of lungfish Mbs, reflecting multiple subfunctionalisation and neofunctionalisation events that occurred early in the evolution of lungfish. Some Mbs may have also taken over the functions of neuroglobin and cytoglobin, which are widely expressed in vertebrates but appear to be missing in lungfish.
Radium behaviour during ferric oxi-hydroxides ageing

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

\n \nIn uranium mill tailings, oxides and oxi-hydroxides are responsible of about 70% of the radium immobilization, half being associated to amorphous forms (mainly iron and manganese oxides/oxi-hydroxides). With time, crystallization of these amorphous forms can occur, inducing a redistribution of radium between solids and solution. If the amount of mobile radium increases, the impact of these tailings on the environment may become significant. \nThe aim of this study is to determine the amount of 226Ra released in solution during the crystallization process of hydrous ferric oxi-hydroxide (HFO) containing 226Ra. A reproducible co-precipitation procedure is developed. The transformation of Ra-HFO co-precipitate in crystallized forms (goethite, hematite, ...) is studied by ageing amorphous solids at 40$^{\\circ}$C in different solutions.\nAfter co-precipitation, about 20% of the initial 226Ra present in solution is associated to amorphous HFO. At 40$^{\\circ}$C, whatever the solution composition (MES or NaClO4), the solid evolution is very slow and, after 3-5 months, no significant amount of crystalline form is noticeable. Simultaneously, the amount of 226Ra present in solution is constant in MES and NaClO4 medium. In comparison, 226Ra sorption shows off inclusion of 226Ra in Ra-HFO precipitate.\n\n
Formulation of low-fat cheese analogue from sweet corn extract using papain and lime extract as coagulant

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cheese is not only created using cow's milk and can also be made from a mixture of vegetable extracts, including corn extract. Cheese from corn extract has the advantages of low-fat and high-carotene. Notably, papain can be used as a coagulant in the production of cheese analogue, while maltodextrin functions to increase volume and total solids for greater yield. The objectives of the present study was 1) to optimize the formula composition between lime extract, papain, and maltodextrin to create a cheese analogue from sweet corn extract with high yield and protein as well as good sensory properties, 2) to study the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the cheese analogue using the optimal formula, and 3) to compare analog cheese from corn milk to cow's milk cheese. The experimental design involved response surface methodology with three factors (lime extract, papain, and maltodextrin). The results of the study produced the optimal cheese analogue formula from corn extract with the addition of lime extract (2.283%), papain (0.022%), and maltodextrin (15%). The characteristics of this cheese analogue include a yield of 20.3%; pH of 5.4; 14oBrix soluble solids; water content of 65.3%; protein content of 13.5%; total-carotene of 544.4 ppm and of fat content 4.6%. The cheese analogue has sensory characteristics of soft texture, the ability to spread evenly, the typical color of cheese (i.e. yellowish-white), and was preferred by panelists. Cheese analogue has protein content of 7.1%, fat content of 4.55%, total carotene of 544.4 mg/g, cholesterol 0.02 mg/g; while commercial cheese from cow’s milk has protein content 6.3%, fat content 24.53%, total carotene 5.32 mg/g and cholesterol 0.19 mg/g. Thus, sweet corn can potentially be used as a raw material for producing low-fat cheese analogues.