jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data from MET Amplification Attenuates Lung Tumor Response to Immunotherapy by Inhibiting STING

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer therapy. However, the response of patients to ICB is difficult to predict. Here, we examined 81 patients with lung cancer under ICB treatment and found that patients with <i>MET</i> amplification were resistant to ICB and had a poor progression-free survival. Tumors with <i>MET</i> amplifications had significantly decreased STING levels and antitumor T-cell infiltration. Furthermore, we performed deep single-cell RNA sequencing on more than 20,000 single immune cells and identified an immunosuppressive signature with increased subsets of XIST- and CD96-positive exhausted natural killer (NK) cells and decreased CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell and NK-cell populations in patients with <i>MET</i> amplification. Mechanistically, we found that oncogenic MET signaling induces phosphorylation of UPF1 and downregulates tumor cell STING expression via modulation of the 3′-UTR length of STING by UPF1. Decreased efficiency of ICB by <i>MET</i> amplification can be overcome by inhibiting MET.</p>Significance:<p>We suggest that the combination of MET inhibitor together with ICB will overcome ICB resistance induced by <i>MET</i> amplification. Our report reveals much-needed information that will benefit the treatment of patients with primary <i>MET</i> amplification or EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistant-related <i>MET</i> amplification.</p><p><i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2659</i></p></div>
Electron and Ion Acceleration in Relativistic Shocks with Applications to GRB Afterglows

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have modeled the simultaneous first-order Fermi shock acceleration of protons, electrons, and helium nuclei by relativistic shocks. By parameterizing the particle diffusion, our steady-state Monte Carlo simulation allows us to follow particles from particle injection at nonthermal thermal energies to above PeV energies, including the nonlinear smoothing of the shock structure due to cosmic-ray (CR) backpressure. We observe the mass-to-charge (A/Z) enhancement effect believed to occur in efficient Fermi acceleration in non-relativistic shocks and we parameterize the transfer of ion energy to electrons seen in particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. For a given set of environmental and model parameters, the Monte Carlo simulation determines the absolute normalization of the particle distributions and the resulting synchrotron, inverse-Compton, and pion-decay emission in a largely self-consistent manner. The simulation is flexible and can be readily used with a wide range of parameters typical of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. We describe some preliminary results for photon emission from shocks of different Lorentz factors and outline how the Monte Carlo simulation can be generalized and coupled to hydrodynamic simulations of GRB blast waves. We assume Bohm diffusion for simplicity but emphasize that the nonlinear effects we describe stem mainly from an extended shock precursor where higher energy particles diffuse further upstream. Quantitative differences will occur with different diffusion models, particularly for the maximum CR energy and photon emission, but these nonlinear effects should be qualitatively similar as long as the scattering mean free path is an increasing function of momentum.
Effects of Three Herb Communities on Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Rhizosphere Medium in Coal Ash Dump Site

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to investigate the ecological restoration effect of different herb communities on power plants coal ash dump sites,coal ashes from the rhizosphere of 3 herbs(Imperata cylindrica Beauv,Trifoliumand Pteridium aquilinum)communities with height from 0to 70cm were chosen as quadrats,and coal ash without vegetation cover was taken as control.Physicochemical properties(moisture content,pH,EC and Eh)and biological characteristics(lipid-p,respiration intensity,CAT,urease and AP)in coal ash samples were used to study the ecological restoration effect of herbs recovery in coal ash dump site.The results showed that all herbs improved the physical and chemical properties of coal ash,therefore directly affected the dump site as habitat of herbs.Lipid-p content and respiration intensity of coal ash which with plants cover were higher than control.The presence of plants in coal ash dump site also significantly improved transformation activities of CAT,urease,and phosphate invertase.Except the moisture and pH of coal ash increased along with the depth increased,other physicochemical and biological indicators were inversely correlated with the depth of coal ash,the impact of plants on both physicochemical and biological characteristics got smaller,and there were significant differences among different herb communities.
Designing Model‐Independent Controllers for Diagonally Configured Magnetic Microrobot Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Magnetic microrobotic systems include robotic manipulation of objects with characteristic dimensions in the millimeter to micrometer range for various promising applications in biomedical and micro‐manufacturing industries. In this work, a bias current‐based controller, a PI‐based controller, and an active disturbance rejection controller are designed and implemented for efficient control performances. The system has more inputs than outputs, and the inputs are nonlinear. The proposed model‐independent controllers are able to linearize the input nonlinearities and decouple the control currents of the 1D, 2D, and 3D magnetic micromanipulators. It is shown that the controllers provide a guaranteed asymptotic stability of the magnetic microrobot, fast and non‐overshoot transient responses, and virtually zero steady‐state tracking error.
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists versus Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors for Treatment of T2DM

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Context Cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOT) of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) demonstrated reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), cardiovascular deaths (CVD), and renal outcomes. Objective Assist in the prescribing decision regarding severity of illness and risk for adverse events. Design Meta-analysis of the major CVOT and previous meta-analyses. Main Outcome Measures Six trials of GLP-1 RA (51 762 subjects) and 4 trials of SGLT2i (33 457 subjects) showed both drug classes reduced MACE and CVD versus controls, with neither class preferred (comparison GLP1-RA vs SGLT2i: relative rate [rr] MACE 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94, 1.16, P = ns; rr CVD 1.04, 95% CI 0.87, 1.24, P = ns). Hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) improved with SGLT2i (rr 0.68, CI 0.61, 0.76, P &lt; 0.001) but not with GLP-1 RA, (rr 0.93, CI 0.86,1.03, P = ns). Meta-regression suggested benefits of the SGLT2i on CVD and HHF were accentuated with the underlying rate of MACE in the cohort (i.e., &gt;10 events/1000pt*year). GLP-1 RA and SGLT2i showed reduction in renal outcomes (GLP-1 RA rr 0.83, CI 0.75, 0.91, p ≤ 0.001, SGLT2i rr 0.67, CI 0.57, 0.79, P &lt; 0.001) without a preferential difference (GLP-1 RA vs SGLT2i, rr 1.24, CI 0.95, 1.61, P = ns; relative difference (rd) 0.005, CI -0.011, 0.021, P = ns). Serious adverse events for SGLT2i were mycotic genital infections in women (number needed to harm [NNH] = 13 and diabetic ketoacidosis NNH = 595. Gastrointestinal intolerance was the serious adverse event in the GLP1-RA class (NNH = 35). Conclusion GLP-1 RA and SGLT2i classes showed similar reduction in MACE, CVD, and renal outcomes. SGLT2i have advantages over GLP-1 RA in reduction in HHF.
Acetaminophen Poisoning: A Case Based Approach.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Emergency and critical care physicians commonly evaluate and treat patients poisoned by acetaminophen. While the basics of management were established in the 1970s, over the past 20 years we have recognized subtleties and variations in presentations that alter the approach to evaluation and treatment. In this paper I will present several cases that illustrate some of the most common variations in presentations of acetaminophen poisoning and offer recommendations for modifi cations of testing and treatment based on several recent studies.
Biomarkers to assess chronic alcohol consumption: carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) a reliable biomarker

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Alcohol abuse is very common all over the world. The biological, clinical and social effects of alcohol abuse have long made evident the need for objective and specific markers for alcohol-related diseases and for early detection of alcohol consumers at risk. Alcohol abusers may exhibit several biochemical alterations, some of which have been used as markers of alcoholism i.e. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) and Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin (CDT). The present study was taken up to estimate serum biochemical parameters i.e. ALT, GGT and CDT in chronic alcoholics. The study subjects were divided into 2 group’s i.e. Group-I was cases and Group-II was controls. Group-I includes (n=30) male chronic alcoholics with a history of alcohol abuse (since 1year to 11+ years) and aged 25-65 years. Group-II includes (n=30) age-matched, non alcoholics were taken as controls in the study. Biomarkers i.e. ALT, GGT and CDT were assayed in the serum of all study subjects. The present study shown increased serum levels of ALT, GGT and CDT in Group-I as compared to Group-II. There is a significant increase of enzyme activities seen in CDT, when compared to serum GGT, ALT levels of case group. CDT sensitive bio markers which can be used to diagnose alcohol abuse and is superior to GGT, ALT in terms of sensitivity as well as specificity.
1962-LB: Intrauterine Exposure to Gestational Diabetes and the Developing Brain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk for adverse metabolic and cognitive outcomes, but the mechanisms are not clear. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to GDM is associated with changes in adiposity and brain trajectories during childhood to adolescence. Participants were 204 children (110 GDM exposed; 94 unexposed; 61% female; age 7-11 at baseline). Children underwent brain MRIs up to 4 times over 6 years. Adiposity measurements were obtained yearly over 6 years. Adiposity measures and FreeSurfer-derived brain volumes were compared between GDM-exposed and unexposed groups using mixed-effect models. We observed significant non-linear trajectories of BMI, body fat %, and waist circumference by age (all adjusted for sex and pubertal stage, p&lt;0.0001) across all children. BMI (p=.058), body fat% (p&lt;.049), and waist circumference (p&lt;.015) trajectories varied by GDM exposure, with higher adiposity markers for GDM exposed vs unexposed. Compared to unexposed children, children exposed to GDM before 26 weeks had increased growth of total cortex (p&lt;.009) and grey matter volume (p&lt;.009), adjusted for age, sex, and pubertal stage, and multiple comparisons. Intrauterine exposure to GDM affects both adiposity and brain trajectories in transitioning from childhood to adolescence. These findings suggest a mechanistic link between GDM exposure and risk for adverse metabolic and neural outcomes. Disclosure S.P. Chakravartti: None. X. Gao: None. A. Xiang: None. K.A. Page: None. Funding American Diabetes Association (1-14-ACE 36); 1F31DK137584-01A1, R01DK116858, R01DK134079
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Sphingosine Derivatives from Sinularia crassa Tixier—Durivault of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
DESIGNING PUBLIC SERVICE ADVERTISING VIDEOS SELF HARASSMENT WITH MOTION GRAPHIC TECHNIQUES INFOGRAPHIC-BASED AS AN EFFORT TO INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The development of the use of communication and computer technology requires people to be able to filter information and disseminate information that is useful for their social environment. As has happened recently, cases of verbal self-harassment through social media are quite widely discussed in Indonesia. Self harassment discussed is sexual harassment and body shaming. The purpose of this study is to produce a self-harassment public service advertising design with infographic-based motion graphic techniques as an effort to increase public awareness. This study uses a qualitative approach method, with interviews and also direct observation as well as literature studies and also existing studies. From the results of data collection, a concept was obtained, according to what was studied, namely "morality". This concept aims to make society more moral in acting. The main media is in the form of public service advertising videos with motiongraphic techniques that will discuss starting from explaining what sexual harassment is and also body shaming and the resulting impact to solutions on how to deal with these actions. And also supporting media in the form of flyers, posters, xbanners, stickers and pins
Effect of biotic stress on the presence of secondary metabolites in field pea grains

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND The presence of secondary metabolites responsible for off‐flavours in peas may influence consumers' acceptance. These undesirable compounds may increase due to biotic stress or cultivar. Therefore, grains from two pea ( Pisum sativum L.) cultivars (Crécerelle and Firenza) exposed to biotic stress were studied in terms of protein content, electrophoretic polypeptide profile, lipoxygenase activity, saponin content and volatile compounds. RESULTS No differences were observed in the electrophoretic polypeptide profile of pea samples across cultivar or biotic stress. The cultivar noticeably affected the volatile compounds and lipoxygenase activity. The biotic stress significantly increased the saponin content. CONCLUSION The cultivar showed more noticeable impact on the presence of off‐flavour compounds than the biotic stress. The development of pea protein ingredients needs the thorough choice of raw materials in terms of cultivar and control of biotic stress in order to ensure acceptance by consumers. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Clinical Characteristics in Schizophrenia Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The correlation between incidence of metabolic syndrome and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in schizophrenia patients Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in schizophrenia patients who are receiving treatment with antipsychotic drugs and also the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of schizophrenia patients with MetS. Methods: 111 schizophrenia patients diagnosed on the basis of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and receiving antipsychotic therapy for at least 3 months were included in the study. MetS was diagnosed on the basis of International Diabetes Fedaration (IDF) diagnostic criteria. Schizophrenia patient groups with and without diagnosed MetS were compared in terms of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results: MetS was determined in 27 % of the patients. The most commonly determined parameter was elevated waist circumference (65.8%). The least common parameter was elevated blood pressure (10.8%). The waist circumference parameter in women and the blood pressure parameter in men were more frequently determined. No difference was determined between schizophrenia patients with or without MetS in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, schizophrenia subtypes and symptoms or other clinical
Opsonic and Complement‐Dependent Bactericidal Activities of Various Immunoglobulin Preparations for Intravenous Use

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Some effector functions of various immunoglobulin (IgG) preparations have been compared. Tests for opsonic activity were performed in vitro with human peripheral blood leukocytes and in vivo with mice. The augmentation effects on luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence were investigated with human leukocytes. The complement‐dependent bactericidal activities were tested with Escherichia coli. Five IgG preparations: pH 4‐treated preparation (IG‐100), polyethyleneglycol‐treated preparation (PEG‐G), sulfonated preparation (S‐G), pepsin‐treated preparation (Pep‐G) and a preparation for intramuscular use (GGN) were studied. The results were as follows: (1) IG‐100 and PEG‐G exhibited strong activities in all test systems; (2) GGN showed a strong opsonic activity; (3) S‐G showed relatively weak activities in all test systems, but the revertant S‐G preparation exhibited somewhat stronger activities in all systems, and (4) Pep‐G showed weak or no activity in all systems. These results suggest that the IgG molecules in IG‐100 and PEG‐G preparations have satisfactory effector functions. On the other hand, IgG molecules in S‐G and Pep‐G preparation may have significant deficiencies in their biological functions.
Development of an ISSR based SCAR marker to identify small cardamom Malabar (prostrate panicle) variety (Elettaria cardamomum Maton.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) a perennial monocot, exhibits an array of variation in nature, mainly due to cross pollination. Based on the nature of the panicle orientation, cardamom is broadly grouped into three main ‘cultivated types’ – Malabar, Mysore and Vazhuka having prostrate, erect and semi-erect panicles respectively. These morphologically discriminative markers manifest itself during panicle emergence as is only possible. Among the three varieties Malabar variety is relatively superior with respect to different qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The objective of the present study was to develop and characterize molecular markers for enabling differentiation of Malabar variety at juvenile stage. One accession specific ISSR marker generated by UBC 866 was selected which consistently amplified an intact, distinct, ̴1500bp band specifically in individuals of Malabar variety, which was therefore cloned, sequenced and characterized. Ten primers were designed from the sequences for converting them to SCAR markers. The developed SCAR markers were tested for variety specificity and one primer pair (SBBT4F/SBBT3R) was validated using small cardamom accessions belonging to Malabar variety from different geographic locations and varieties with erect panicles as well as hybrids. The findings suggest that the SCAR marker is promising in identifying cardamom varieties having prostrate panicle (Malabar) and therefore is expected to make significant contributions in selection of F1 hybrids during breeding programmes.
Exploring the Schema of Attention and Search Strategy in Different Levels of Situation Awareness under Fall Hazard Conditions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Situation awareness is a cognitive process involving perception, comprehension, and prediction of the environment, and it is critical to accurately identify and manage hazards. Analyzing differences in physiological data can help determine an individual's situation awareness level and pinpoint the reasons for hazard identification failures. This study used eye movement data to quantify the differences in attention and search strategies at each level of situation awareness. The results showed that attention-related eye movement data, such as fixation duration, run count, and pupil diameter, increase in number or size as the level of situation awareness increases, while saccade count decreases. Moreover, individuals with higher situation awareness tend to use more systematic search strategies, enabling them to identify hazards more accurately and quickly. These findings provide insights into the differences between the various situation awareness levels and a foundation for developing customized training programs to enhance hazard identification skills.
An open-label, multicenter phase 1 study to characterize safety, tolerability, preliminary antitumor activity, and pharmacokinetics of VIP236 monotherapy in patients with advanced cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TPS3168 Background: VIP236, a first-in-class SMDC, consists of an αvβ3 integrin small molecule binder, a peptide linker cleaved by neutrophil elastase (NE) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and a camptothecin (CPT) payload VIP126 which was optimized for high permeability and low efflux. The overall drug design strategy for VIP236 is targeted delivery to the TME and tumors expressing α V β 3 integrin on their cell surface with release of the optimized CPT derivative by NE also present in the TME. VIP126, when delivered as a component of VIP236, is anticipated to kill tumor cells while reducing effects to normal tissue. VIP236 exhibits convincing single agent in vivo antitumor efficacy and acceptable tolerability in multiple human tumor cell line- and patient- derived xenograft models in mice, including breast, colorectal, small cell lung, gastric, metastatic breast and metastatic colon cancer. In three gastric cancer xenograft models, VIP236 caused statistically significant tumor growth inhibition across the models independent of HER2 status. VIP236 outperformed an anti-HER2 ADC, trastuzumab deruxtecan, in all three models. Methods: This trial in progress is an open-label, global, multicenter Phase 1 study to characterize safety, tolerability, preliminary antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics of VIP236 monotherapy in subjects with advanced cancer. Enrollment includes all comer patients with histologically confirmed advanced or metastatic solid tumors that are relapsed or refractory to standard of care. Subjects must have exhausted all available standard therapies or be deemed ineligible for potential available therapies. Frequency, severity, and relationship to study drug of any treatment-emergent adverse events or abnormalities of laboratory tests will be studied. Tumor response will be assessed using RECIST 1.1 criteria. The following dose schedules are being evaluated: 1) Cohorts 1, 2a, and 3a: A cycle is 21 days 1-hour intravenous (IV) infusions on a 2 days on/5 days off schedule with no pause between cycles. 2) Cohorts 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7b, and 8b: A cycle is 21 days of VIP236 given as a 1-hour IV infusion once every three weeks (Q3W) with no pause between cycles. 3) Cohorts 1, 2a, 3a, 2b, 3b and 4b have been completed. Enrollment continues in the Q3W cohorts. Clinical trial information: NTC05371054.
Enzymes of Aspergillus Oryzae III. The Sequence of Appearance and Some Properties of the Enzymes Liberated During Growth

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

When a strain of the mould Aspergillus oryzae is grown in surface culture on a protein-free sucrose-tartrate medium, enzymes are released into the culture medium in the following order: first, the carbohydrases sucrase and amylase together with phosphatase, second, the proteases and esterases, and third, catalase. Their liberation is accompanied by the appearance of protein nitrogen in the medium and loss in weight of the mycelium.