jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tracing fault‐related fluids using in situ trace elements: A case study in Upper Cambrian dolostone in Gucheng area, Tarim Basin, NW China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Gucheng area, located in the east of the Tarim Basin, is one of the important gas exploration targets, and the Upper Cambrian dolostone is the main pay layer. The dolostone is considered to be altered by hydrothermal fluids, but the hydrothermal altering degrees are still unclear. In this study we report the petrography and in situ trace elemental data, and try to discuss the hydrothermal fluids and their impact on the Upper Cambrian dolostones. Based on the petrography and CL properties, five types of dolomites are identified. MD1 and MD2 are the matrix dolomites. The crystal size of MD1 range from approximately 30 to 100 μm, while the MD2 is larger than 200 μm. Cement dolomite (CD) occurring only in vugs and fractures is subdivided into three types depending on the CL properties. CD‐zone1 is the core of CD with dull CL colours. CD‐zone2 comprises a bright red CL colour zone and a dull CL colour zone, and CD‐zone3 is the rim of CD dolomite with bright red CL colours. MD2 and CD‐zone1 show light rare earth elements (LREE) depletion, middle rare earth elements (MREE) enrichment and negative Eu anomalies. The REEY patterns of CD‐zone3 dolomite are marked by LREE enrichment and positive Eu anomalies. CD‐zone2 is the transitional mineral phase that shows slightly LREE depletion and negative Eu anomalies. The REEY patterns of CD‐zone1 suggest that CD‐zone1 is likely formed by local redistribution of older dolomites in a closed system. The REEY patterns of CD‐zone3 may indicate a magmatic associated hydrothermal fluid. Based on the petrography and in situ trace elemental data, the Permian magmatic fluid, which is recorded in CD‐zone2 and CD‐zone3 dolomites, may be only limited within fractures, while unlikely significantly altered the matrix dolomite in the Upper Cambrian.
The Contribution of Geophysical Data for Investigations of the Hatrurim Complex, Israel

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Unusual rocks of the Mottled Zone (MZ) are known in Israel and Jordan in the vicinity of the Dead Sea Transform. The genesis of the complex is problematic. The recent studies suggested the deep inflow and surface combustion of hydrocarbon gases that provided the heat for pyrometamorphism. MZ rocks are characterized by high differentiation in magnetic properties and density. Integrated geophysical studies of MZ areas included ground magnetic measurements, study of physical properties and reprocessing and reinterpretation of available aeromagnetic and gravity data. MZ outcrops are correlated with residual gravity minima, showing zones of disintegration and possible hydrocarbon accumulations. One of the several MZ outcrops, the Nabi Musa area, located in the Judean Desert, northwestern of the Dead Sea gives an exclusive possibility for the study of cross cut section, rock types, and near-surfaces processes. Obtained geophysical results produce information on remarkable features of MZ complex and allow us to outline areas with hydrocarbon potential.
Happy Birthday, OSTB!

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Happy Birthday, OSTB!." The Science Teacher, 89(3), pp. 89–90 Additional informationNotes on contributorsChristine Anne RoyceChristine Anne Royce (caroyce@aol.com) is a professor at Shippensburg University in Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, and past president of NSTA.
Observations on the rhizome system of Juncus balticus Willd.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

History from cultures around the world tells of several, practical uses of plants. Plants of the genus Juncus are one such example. The peoples of the Orient once used the structures of these plants in construction of mats, since the roots and rhizomes were so durable and rugged. I recently made some observations on Juncus balticus in order to learn about the general rhizome structure of this historical plant.
Gromov-Witten theory via roots and logarithms

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Orbifold and logarithmic structures provide independent routes to the virtual enumeration of curves with tangency orders for a simple normal crossings pair $(X|D)$. The theories do not coincide and their relationship has remained mysterious. We prove that the genus zero orbifold theories of multi-root stacks of strata blowups of $(X|D)$ converge to the corresponding logarithmic theory of $(X|D)$. With fixed numerical data, there is an explicit combinatorial criterion that guarantees when a blowup is sufficiently refined for the theories to coincide. There are two key ideas in the proof. The first is the construction of a naive Gromov-Witten theory, which serves as an intermediary between roots and logarithms. The second is a smoothing theorem for tropical stable maps; the geometric theorem then follows via virtual intersection theory relative to the universal target. The results import new computational tools into logarithmic Gromov-Witten theory. As an application, we show that the genus zero logarithmic Gromov-Witten theory of a pair is determined by the absolute Gromov-Witten theories of its strata.
An Anesthesiologist's Plea

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.—

"An Anesthesiologist's Plea" by T. Cameron MacCaughelty, MD (1981;246:2692), illustrates the unfortunate growing controversy among anesthesiologists, internal medicine subspecialists, surgeons, and general internists as to who is most qualified to provide primary care in the rapidly developing field of critical care medicine. As Dr MacCaughelty states, the anesthesiologist is unquestionably the most qualified physician to care for the surgical patient during surgery and the immediate postoperative period. However, expertise in this area does not necessarily extend to the general care of the critically ill patient, as Dr MacCaughelty implies. While programs may vary from institution to institution, no anesthesiology residency can provide adequate training in (1) evaluation and treatment of acute renal failure; (2) treatment of acute gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding; (3) use of antibiotics in a broad spectrum of respiratory tract, GI tract, and urogenital infection; (4) interpretation and treatment of complex ECG changes and arrhythmias;
Relative Positioning of Mass Market Devices in Indoor Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, people are demanding more and more social, ubiquitous and cognitive features on their smart phones to enhance communication and interactions between users. Indoor relative positioning technology provides potential to develop such applications. Several of projects and products of positioning systems have been carried out with different positioning technologies through past few years to demonstrate their potential features and abilities. \nThe object of this thesis is to study and develop a practical relative positioning solution based on received signal strength measurement for locating neighbouring mass market mobile devices using passive scanning. Thus, we have implemented a python application for Linux-based mobile devices to demonstrate features and solutions. \nThe results of the proposed positioning technique show it is feasible for implementing a practical relative-positioning application. Experiments have been carried out successfully to demonstrate the positioning technique with up to five heterogeneous devices in short range. /Kir11
Evaluation of the Surface Downward Longwave Radiation Estimation Models over Land Surface

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Surface downward longwave radiation (SDLR) is crucial for maintaining the global radiative budget balance. Due to their ease of practicality, SDLR parameterization models are widely used, making their objective evaluation essential. In this study, against comprehensive ground measurements collected from more than 300 globally distributed sites, four SDLR parameterization models, including three popular existing ones and a newly proposed model, were evaluated under clear- and cloudy-sky conditions at hourly (daytime and nighttime) and daily scales, respectively. The validation results indicated that the new model, namely the Peng model, originally proposed for SDLR estimation at the sea surface and applied for the first time to the land surface, outperformed all three existing models in nearly all cases, especially under cloudy-sky conditions. Moreover, the Peng model demonstrated robustness across various land cover types, elevation zones, and seasons. All four SDLR models outperformed the Global Land Surface Satellite product from Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer Data (GLASS-AVHRR), ERA5, and CERES_SYN1de-g_Ed4A products. The Peng model achieved the highest accuracy, with validated RMSE values of 13.552 and 14.055 W/m2 and biases of −0.25 and −0.025 W/m2 under clear- and cloudy-sky conditions at daily scale, respectively. Its superior performance can be attributed to the inclusion of two cloud parameters, total column cloud liquid water and ice water, besides the cloud fraction. However, the optimal combination of these three parameters may vary depending on specific cases. In addition, all SDLR models require improvements for wetlands, bare soil, ice-covered surfaces, and high-elevation regions. Overall, the Peng model demonstrates significant potential for widespread use in SDLR estimation for both land and sea surfaces.
Automatic Ultrasound Image Segmentation of Supraclavicular Nerve Using Dilated U-Net Deep Learning Architecture

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automated object recognition in medical images can facilitate medical diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we automatically segmented supraclavicular nerves in ultrasound images to assist in injecting peripheral nerve blocks. Nerve blocks are generally used for pain treatment after surgery, where ultrasound guidance is used to inject local anesthetics next to target nerves. This treatment blocks the transmission of pain signals to the brain, which can help improve the rate of recovery from surgery and significantly decrease the requirement for postoperative opioids. However, Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia (UGRA) requires anesthesiologists to visually recognize the actual nerve position in the ultrasound images. This is a complex task given the myriad visual presentations of nerves in ultrasound images, and their visual similarity to many neighboring tissues. In this study, we used an automated nerve detection system for the UGRA Nerve Block treatment. The system can recognize the position of the nerve in ultrasound images using Deep Learning techniques. We developed a model to capture features of nerves by training two deep neural networks with skip connections: two extended U-Net architectures with and without dilated convolutions. This solution could potentially lead to an improved blockade of targeted nerves in regional anesthesia.
Research and Teaching: Conditions for a positive link

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It has become increasingly clear over the past decade that the question of a positive link between research and teaching has no simple or general answer. At the same time, there may well be a positive link under particular conditions. This paper argues that a positive link can be due primarily to the processes, rather than the outcomes, inherent in research and teaching, and that, in particular, student-centred teaching and learning processes are intrinsically favourable towards a positive link, while more traditional teaching methods may at best lead to a positive link for the most able students, who in the perception of traditional academics are, of course, the future university teachers. This finding, in turn, leads to a rational explanation of the persistent myth of a general positive link. Finally, it is argued that pedagogic research and its outcomes could play an important role in strengthening the link.
Improving the Performance of K-Means Clustering Algorithm to Position the Centres of RBF Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposed two updating methods to improve the clustering performance of adaptive k-means clustering. The proposed updating methods are suitable for off-line and on-line clustering. The capability of the updating methods are then compared to the existing updating methods using simulated and real data sets. Simulation results showed that the proposed updating methods have significantly improved the overall performance of RBF network. This paper also investigates some properties of adaptation method for on-line adaptive k-means clustering algorithm. Back to top
Towards an object-relations theory of consumerism: The aesthetics of desire and the unfolding materiality of social life

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper addresses some fundamental questions in the field of consumption studies through an exploration of literatures within object-relations psychoanalytic theory. It takes materiality as its central concern, dealing especially with questions of actor–commodity relations. In particular the paper uses the conceptual apparatus of the object-relations approach to propose a new way for theorizing aspects of consumption practice relating to person–object relationships. After situating the discussion within contemporary debates in consumption studies, the paper uses DW Winnicott's work as a point from which to integrate broader literatures on aesthetic experience and subject–object relations. The paper draws out the cultural implications and affinities of Winnicott's model and argues that his approach usefully suggests pathways for developing a model of consumption which neither reduces person–object exchanges to the psyche, assemblages of practices, or to the dead hand of social-structural forces. Rather, it is argued that Winnicott's model is suggestive of the more widespread and powerful cultural implications arising from relations between actors and objects of consumption.
Describing Inequality in Plant Size or Fecundity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lorenz curves have been used to describe inequality in plant size and fecundity, where the total inequality is summarized by the Gini coefficient. Here we propose a second and complementary statistic, the Lorenz asymmetry coefficient, which characterizes an important aspect of the shape of a Lorenz curve. The statistic tells us which size classes contribute most to the population's total inequality. This may be useful when interpreting the ecological significance of plant size or reproductive inequality.
Development of a Pulsed Slowing-Down-Time Benchmark of Neutron Thermalization in Graphite

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Graphite is a classic neutronic material that has been used as both a reactor reflector and moderator in various nuclear reactor systems. The ability to accurately predict the slowing down and thermalization of neutrons in graphite can have significant implications on the safety and operation of such reactor systems. In reactors, the neutron thermalization process is quantified using the thermal scattering law (TSL) and related cross sections for a given moderator. An ideal approach to assess the validity of TSL data is using benchmark measurement based on the pulsed Slowing-Down-Time technique and its comparison with the appropriate graphite nuclear library. In this work, experimental measurement and computational Monte Carlo simulations were performed to benchmark the slowing down characteristics and thermalization of neutrons in nuclear (reactor-grade) graphite. Given the density of graphite, various graphite libraries were selected for the benchmark analysis.
Robust stabilisation for a class of discrete-time systems with time-varying delays via delta operators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The problem of robust state feedback control using delta operator approach for a class of linear fractional uncertain systems with time-varying delays is investigated. Based on Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional in delta domain, a new delay-dependent state feedback controller is presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The sampling-period T is an explicit parameter, and thus it is easy to observe and analyse the effect of the state feedback controller with different sampling periods. The proposed method can unify some previous related continuous and discrete systems into the framework of delta operator systems. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed techniques.
HBSIDS: Human body sensor based intrusion detection system in a cooperative network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays Cooperative Network is drastically growing and applied in various applications such as Military, Hospital, and Police etc. In this paper Military application is taken as an example, analyzed the functionality of the cooperative network. Human wearable sensor devices are used to monitor the human motion within a Military Region. In this paper it is aimed to monitor and detect intruders [contradictory action / behavior] among entire soldiers in Military-Network using HBSIDS-[Human Body Sensor based Intrusion Detection System]. Since soldiers are considered as nodes in a cooperative network, each node is integrated with wearable sensor nodes in their body. The wearable sensor devices are well configured should cooperate to each other within the region and also with the Base station. If any node moves in wrong direction, communicate with other unknown nodes, dropping wrong information or communicate with wrong messages those nodes are detected as malicious nodes and eliminated from the network by monitoring wearable sensors. HBSIDS is simulated in NS2 software and the results show that HBSIDS can provide better performance than the existing approaches.
Schools and Families of Early Learners Collaborating to Support At Home Read Alouds

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Question asked in a preschool/primary teacher PD session on read‐alouds: “After our Family Night presentation on home read‐alouds, we got so many questions from families and caretakers. How can we give follow‐up support?” This teaching guide suggests three simple ideas for supporting parent home‐read‐alouds with preschool, kindergarten, and first‐grade students.
A simultaneous Bregman projection methods for solving mixed split equality problems and fixed point problems in p-uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article, a simultaneous Bregman projection scheme is introduced to approximate a common element of the set of fixed points of left Bregman strongly nonexpansive mapping and the set of solutions of mixed split equality problems in p(p 2)uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach spaces.We obtain the weak convergence theorem of the sequences generated by our scheme under some appropriate conditions.Furthermore, we apply our iterative algorithms to the split feasibility problem.Finally, several numerical results are shown to confirm the feasibility of the proposed methods.Our result presented in the article are new and improve and extend some recent corresponding results.
The Costs and Benefits of Mandatory Securities Regulation: Evidence from Market Reactions to the JOBS Act of 2012

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The effect of mandatory securities regulation on firm value has been a long-standing concern across law, economics, finance, and accounting. The Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act relaxed disclosure and compliance obligations under US securities law for a new category of firms known as â€œemerging growth companiesâ€ (EGCs). EGCs were defined retroactively to include firms that conducted initial public offerings (IPOs) between December 8, 2011, and the enactment of the Act on April 5, 2012. We analyze market reactions for EGCs around key legislative events in March 2012, relative to a control group of otherwise similar firms that conducted IPOs in the months preceding the cutoff date. We find positive and statistically significant abnormal returns of between 3% and 4% for EGCs around the most important of these dates. This suggests that the value to investors of the disclosure and compliance obligations relaxed under the JOBS Act is outweighed by the associated compliance costs.
Whiteness on the Couch: A Discussion of Dennis’s “The Paranoid-Schizoid Position and Envious Attacks on the Black Other”

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This discussion explores the complicated and fraught relationship between Ebony Dennis, A Black Psychoanalyst, and her patient, Mrs. A, a White woman from the Southern United States. Employing a socio-cultural lens, I explore how constructions of Whiteness embody and contain unconscious normative processes and highlight the impossibility of untangling what is personal and subjective from what is systemic and intersubjective. Whereas Dennis is primarily concerned with uncovering and confronting her patient’s racialized mind, I focus on the context in which the dyad’s ruptures occurred and became racialized, foregrounding the ways that those contexts reflect a complex tangle of personal history and subjectivity with intersubjective and socio-cultural systems.
S-1-based concomitant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Two phase I trials from Okayama Lung Cancer Study Group (OLCSG)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

7547 Background: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a standard treatment for unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), but the treatment outcomes have remained unsatisfied. Thus, more effective and feasible CRT is urgently needed to improve their survival. S-1 is a newly developed oral 5-fluorouracil derivative and has synergistic effects with radiation. However, the role of S-1 in CRT for LA-NSCLC has been undetermined. Methods: We conducted two phase I trials to define the maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of S-1-based chemotherapy when combined with concurrent thoracic radiation (total dose of 60 Gy with 2 Gy per daily fraction) for LA-NSCLC. OLCSG 0501 was designed to evaluate the two cycles of combination of S-1 (days 1–14) and cisplatin (days 1 and 8) for patients aged 75 or younger. S-1/cisplatin dosages (mg/m2) were escalated as follows: 60/30, 60/40, 70/40, 80/40, and 80/50. The other trial, OLCSG 0502, recruited patients aged 76 or older and evaluated S-1 alone. S-1 dosages (mg/m2) were increased as follows: 60, 70, and 80. Results: A total of 44 previously untreated LA-NSCLC patients were enrolled (22 in both trials). The MTDs for S-1/cisplatin and S-1 alone were determined to be 80 mg/m2/day / 50 mg/m2 and 80 mg/m2/day, respectively. In the OLCSG 0501, DLTs included febrile neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, bacterial pneumonia and delayed second cycle of chemotherapy. No patient experienced grade 3 or more acute radiation pneumonitis and only one patient experienced grade 3 radiation esophagitis. In the OLCSG 0502, the DLTs were febrile neutropenia, stomatitis and delayed second cycle of chemotherapy. The overall response rates in OLCSG 0501 and OLCSG 0502 were 86.4% and 59.1%, respectively. Conclusions: These results indicate that S-1-based concomitant CRT would be a feasible treatment option and further phase II trials are currently under way. No significant financial relationships to disclose.