jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Management of giant symptomatic frontal arachnoid cyst with corpus callosum agenesis in an adult resembling interhemispheric arachnoid cyst

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

anastomosis or arterial grafting is occasionally necessary to restore blood flow to critical dependent structures.Although its incidence is very rare, surgeons should consider the possibility of a traumatic pseudoaneurysm in case a pulsatile palpable mass is found around preauricular region, following trauma.Most literature reports claim that STA pseudoaneurysmal surgery is commonly done for cosmetic reasons, but there is a potential risk of spontaneous rupture and life-threatening hemorrhage.In developing countries, this treatable condition can be neglected for a long time and can have serious consequences.Therefore, once diagnosed, it should be excised early to avoid spontaneous rupture and unacceptable cosmetic defect in future.
Potential Toxicity Of Some Plant Metanol Extracts Against Aedes aegepti (L). Larvae

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Resistance is a decrease in the level of sensitivity of a pest populations that causing a previously effective pesticides becoming ineffective. This case is caused by inappropriate insecticides application, continuous use, only one type of pesticide and usage for long periods of time. There are a lot alternative source of insecticides which is more effective and environmentally friendly. One alternative source of insecticides that can be used for pest control is plants. This study aimed to determine the potential toxicity of methanol extract of N. tabacum, B. asiatica, V. zizanoides, A. indica, and T. vogelli on the mortality and development time of A. aegypti mosquito larvae. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor. The experiment was performed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatment and 4 replication. The result showed that methanol extracts of the test material were toxic to the larvae A. aegypti with the highest the lowest toxicity were at the concentration of 0.001% i.e treatment of T. vogelli, N. tabacum, B. asiatica, A. indica, and V. zizanoides with the successive rate of mortality (45%, 65%), (37.5%, 60%), (32.5%, 50%) and (32,5%, 47.5%). Besides being toxic, the methanol extract also influenced development of A. aegypti larvae. The pH levels and the dissolved oxygen content of the tested methanol extract solution at the concentration of 0.005% in each treatment are not much different when compare with controls.
Merada Beslenen Siğirlarin Kesim Sonrasi Kemik Iliği Yağ Asit Kompozisyonu: Beslenmeye Uygulanmasi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of the present work was to investigate how grass feeding in cattle influences the fatty acid (FA) composition in marrow tissue. For a split plot designed experiment, marrow was obtained from the femur, humerus, radius and tibia of four crossbred steers slaughtered at 28 mo of age and fed o n mixture of cool season grasses and legumes. There were no bone type by location within bone interactions (P &amp;gt; 0.42), and the only within bone effect was for trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) where values for medial bone were lowest (P = 0.03) and highest for distal and proximal bone. Total monounsaturated FA and desaturation index were lower (P = 0.01) and total saturated FA were greater (P = 0.01) for proximal vs. distal bone marrow lipids. Marrow conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was greater (P = 0.02) for distal bones (1.32 %) than for proximal bones (0.86 %). Overall, proportions of 18:3 n-3, CLA, and TVA were 0.60 %, 1.09 % and 2.50 %, respectively. We conclude that the FA profile of marrow in grass-fed cattle represents a healthy, nonatherogenic, animal-based fat source.
Overview of transgenic <i>Ae. aegypti</i> (pools and lines) generated containing the <i>p</i>Mos- carb/Mnp/i/Mnp/svA transgene.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>*Transgenic lines were lost in a subsequent next generation prior to analysis of DENV2 refractory phenotype.</p>†<p>Transgenic lines discontinued due to lack of a DENV2 refractory phenotype.</p><p>**Transgenic line discontinued after initial characterizations. Line initially had DENV2 refractory phenotype, but phenotype declined in subsequent generations.</p>††<p>Transgenic lines discontinued; lines initially had DENV2 refractory phenotype, but resistance was lost in subsequent generations.</p>
Inhibition of LPS-Induced PGE2 Production by Arylsulfonamide Derivatives via the Selective Inhibition of mPGES-1 Enzyme

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is responsible for the massive prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation during inflammation. Increasing evidence reveals mPGES-1 inhibitors as a safe alternative to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Recently, we reported that a novel series of phenylsulfonyl hydrazide derivatives could reduce LPS-induced PGE2 levels in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells via an inhibition of the mPGES-1 enzyme. However, a few of the phenylsulfonyl hydrazide derivatives showed poor metabolic stability in liver microsomes. In order to identify new mPGES-1 inhibitors with improved metabolic stability, therefore, a series of arylsulfonamide derivatives has been synthesized and biologically evaluated against PGE2 production and the mPGES-1 enzyme. Among them, MPO-0186 inhibits the production of PGE2 (IC50 = 0.20 μM) in A549 cells via inhibition of mPGES-1 (IC50 = 0.49 μM in a cell-free assay) together with high selectivity over both COX-1 and COX-2. A molecular docking study theoretically suggests that MPO-0186 could inhibit PGE2 production by blocking the PGH2 binding site of the mPGES-1 enzyme. Furthermore, MPO-0186 demonstrated good metabolic stability in human liver microsomes and no significant inhibition observed in clinically relevant CYP isoforms.
Temperature Analysis of Switched Reluctance Motor Based on Equivalent Heat Circuit Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper mainly takes a 6/4 switched reluctance motor (SRM) as an example to analyze the temperature of the motor. In order to establish the equivalent thermal circuit model (ETCM) conveniently, the mechanical structure of the motor is simplified to a certain extent, and the characteristic nodes are divided. Then the heat transfer process in the rotor region, the stator region and the whole motor during the operation of the motor is analyzed, and the ETCM of those regions are established respectively. This method of establishing ETCM is also applicable to superconducting motors. Based on the basic principles of heat transfer, the calculation method of thermal resistance in each ETCM is given in this paper. Then, the three-dimensional (3-D) finite element (FE) temperature field model of the motor is built and compared with the ETCM. Finally, the accuracy of the ETCM is verified by experiments.
Prevalence of urinary incontinence in patients receiving home care services.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We conducted a 1-day survey to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence among patients in four home care programs in southern Ontario and the characteristics of incontinent patients. Of the 2801 patients for whom the continence status was known, 22% were assessed as incontinent. The mean age of the incontinent patients was 74 (extremes 18 and 101) years, and 65% were women. A total of 89% had at least one functional disability in cognition, mobility, transferring in and out of bed or chair, or undoing garments. The incontinence was moderate to severe in 41% of the patients, and 95% of the family caregivers living with these patients viewed the incontinence as a problem. Palliative rather than remedial treatment was used most frequently; only 5% of the patients had undergone a urodynamic assessment in the previous year. Future research should emphasize the assessment of remedial interventions.
CT of pilomatrixoma in the cheek.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pilomatrixoma is an uncommon benign tumor arising from hair follicles. They occur most commonly in the head and neck region, and are usually found in girls during the first two decades of life. These tumors may contain calcification, which, when present, is helpful in suggesting the diagnosis. We present a classic case of pilomatrixoma in the cheek of a young woman. The tumor was documented on CT studies, which showed a subcutaneous, noninvasive mass with calcifications.
Development Status of Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Portulaca Oleracea L

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Portulaca oleracea L. is the dry aerial part of the Portulaca oleracea L. plant of the family Portulaca oleracea L. It is a common Chinese herbal medicine with the same origin as medicine and food. It is cold in nature and sour in taste. It has pharmacological effects such as bacteriostatic, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antitumor, antioxidant and so on.The chemical components such as flavonoids and polysaccharides contained in Portulaca oleracea L. are inseparable from their functions. In view of the remarkable clinical effect of Portulaca oleracea L. on the prevention and treatment of various diseases, the research on the chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Portulaca oleracea L. has become a hot spot in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. This article only makes a review of the research status and clinical application of Portulaca oleracea L. at home and abroad in recent years.
Quality Improvement Methodology Optimizes Infliximab Levels in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Achieving and maintaining target serum trough infliximab levels improves outcomes in children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Our goal was to improve adherence to an infliximab therapy guideline. The primary aim was to increase the percentage of patients with infliximab levels ≥5 μg/mL and results checked in the last 12 months from 73% to ≥80% from July 2017 to January 2018. Methods: We participated in Intermediate Improvement Science Series, a course at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center designed to catalyze change using quality improvement methodology. We implemented interventions through plan-do-study-act cycles. Our outcome measure was balanced by 2 process measures to determine what actions impacted improvement. These measures included the percentage of infusion plans revised in response to a drug level <5 μg/mL and the proportion of plans for which a follow-up drug level was ordered. Results: We increased the percentage of infusion plans revised before the next infusion from 63% to 87% and the percentage of plans that had an appropriate drug level recheck from 61% to 83% from July 2017 to January 2018. We increased the percentage of patients with an infliximab level >5 μg/mL, and results checked in the last 12 months, from 73% to 80%. Conclusions: Quality improvement methodology was effective in improving provider adherence to infliximab therapeutic drug monitoring guidelines. Improvement in adherence to guidelines directly improved the percentage of patients achieving target infliximab levels at any time during infliximab therapy.
Increased Heme Oxygenase 1 Expression upon a Primary Exposure to the Respiratory Syncytial Virus and a Secondary Mycobacterium bovis Infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants. Because recurrent epidemics based on reinfection occur in children and adults, hRSV has gained interest as a potential primary pathogen favoring secondary opportunistic infections. Several infection models have shown different mechanisms by which hRSV promotes immunopathology to prevent the development of adaptive protective immunity. However, little is known about the long-lasting effects of viral infection on pulmonary immune surveillance mechanisms. As a first approach, here we evaluated whether a primary infection by hRSV, once resolved, dampens the host immune response to a secondary infection with an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis (M. Bovis) strain referred as to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). We analyzed leukocyte dynamics and immunomodulatory molecules in the lungs after eleven- and twenty-one-days post-infection with Mycobacterium, using previous hRSV infected mice, by flow cytometry and the expression of critical genes involved in the immune response by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Among the latter, we analyzed the expression of Heme Oxygenase (HO)-1 in an immunization scheme in mice. Our data suggest that a pre-infection with hRSV has a conditioning effect promoting lung pathology during a subsequent mycobacterial challenge, characterized by increased infiltration of innate immune cells, including interstitial and alveolar macrophages. Our data also suggest that hRSV impairs pulmonary immune responses, promoting secondary mycobacterial colonization and lung survival, which could be associated with an increase in the expression of HO-1. Additionally, BCG is a commonly used vaccine that can be used as a platform for the generation of new recombinant vaccines, such as a recombinant BCG strain expressing the nucleoprotein of hRSV (rBCG-N-hRSV). Therefore, we evaluated if the immunization with rBCG-N-hRSV could modulate the expression of HO-1. We found a differential expression pattern for HO-1, where a higher induction of HO-1 was detected on epithelial cells compared to dendritic cells during late infection times. This is the first study to demonstrate that infection with hRSV produces damage in the lung epithelium, promoting subsequent mycobacterial colonization, characterized by an increase in the neutrophils and alveolar macrophages recruitment. Moreover, we determined that immunization with rBCG-N-hRSV modulates differentially the expression of HO-1 on immune and epithelial cells, which could be involved in the repair of pulmonary tissue.
Conceptual development of revenue and yield management system for shipping business

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research addresses a yield management problem in the liner shipping industry. Yield management, also known as revenue management, is the process of understanding, anticipating and reacting to consumer behaviour in order to maximize its profitability from a fixed, perishable resource, through allocating the right inventory to the right customer at the right price. We explore in detail the differences between yield management in airline industry and the container shipping industry. We have adopted a slot allocation model as the basis of our yield management model. A linear programming model is formulated to maximize the potential revenue and provide an optimum allocation of the ship slot spaces per round trip voyage for a liner company. A real life example of a transpacific service has been studied. Simulation studies results shows that containers with higher marginal revenue at certain origindestination port pairs have priorities to be allocated more than others, but not all because of satisfying necessary operational constraints. This model, to be used for tactical planning, provides an objective means to maximize its voyage revenue and to evaluate the utilization of the ship capacity at every period. Finally, some concluding remarks are made and the outlook for future research is considered.
Elucidating resistance mechanism to PARP inhibitors for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

6078 Background: PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have been established as a targeted therapeutic approach not only in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) that have genetic loss of function of BRCA1/2-associated DNA repair. However, treatment efficacy varies and neither BRCA mutation, nor homolog recombination deficiency (HRD) status seem to be optimal predictors. Moreover, mechanisms of treatment resistance are poorly understood and novel approaches are urgently required. Methods: Here we created gene expression data of HGSOC patients (n = 52) before PARPi treatment to elucidate key signaling pathways of resistance to increase their efficacy in combinatorial therapeutic strategies. We performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the differentially expressed genes between the 25% extreme responders (n = 26; 13 each group), including gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and causal inference analysis with the CARNIVAL pipeline to elucidate the underlying molecular and regulatory mechanisms governing treatment efficacy and resistance. Results: In accordance with recent publications, we found higher levels of MYC activity in non-responders and deregulation of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway resulting in PARPi treatment resistance. The pathway enrichment analysis also revealed specific pathways especially PDGFR, FGFR, PI3K/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathway associated with resistant phenotype. Furthermore, we have identified key kinases, particularly JAK1/2 and SRC that might mediate resistance to PARP inhibition. In addition, differential gene expression analysis revealed folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) to be significantly higher expressed in non-responders (logFC = 2.66; p < 0.0026) with the potential as a serum-based biomarker not only for ovarian cancer, as it correlates closely with CA125, but also PARPi treatment efficacy. Conclusions: In conclusion, these findings define a network of pathways, that are crucial to mediate mechanism of PARPi resistance and identified key signaling kinases as therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer.
Influencing Factors of Adjustment Quantity of Vertical Track Profile Irregularity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to probe into the relationship between practical adjustment quantity and calculated adjustment quantity of vertical track profile irregularity,a calculation method for adjustment quantity of vertical track profile irregularity was put forward,and a coupling calculation model of rail-fastener-rail-pad was established.The influencing factors,including vertical rail-pad stiffness,sleeper span and numbers of loosened fasteners and adjustment sleepers were analyzed.The research results show that vertical rail-pad stiffness has a large influence on the adjustment quantity when there is only one adjustment sleeper,while sleeper span and the number of loosen fasteners have a little influence on the adjustment quantity.Under the condition of continuous multiple adjustment sleepers with the same calculated adjustment quantity,the adjustment quantity of in-between sleepers can reach the calculated adjustment quantity.
Odpovědnost stran v předsmluvní fázi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this thesis is to dissert upon the institute of precontractual liability. The thesis focuses namely on the new Czech Civil Code effective from 1 January 2014, which introduced into the Czech legal order express and complex legal regulation relating to the precontractual liability. To create a complex overview of the institute culpa in contrahendo, this thesis compares the current Czech legal provisions with the previous legal provisions effective until 31 December 2013, and also with foreign legal provisions, namely in the francophone countries, and with international unification projects. This thesis consists of nine chapters. The first chapter deals with the position of the precontractual liability in a legal environment and sets out the aims of this thesis. The second chapter enlightens possible concepts and basis of the institute culpa in contrahendo in different legal orders and deals with possible sanctions for violation of the precontractual obligations. The third chapter deals with historical evolution of the precontractual liability from the very first actions in Roman law until the current concept. The fourth chapter disserts on the current Czech legal provisions of the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code, as amended. In this chapter, I deal with both the particular facts of...
A review of PIFA technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A theoretical study on 'Planar Inverted F Antenna Technology' is performed. Several research works done on PIFA are categorized and discussed. All the available theoretical, experimental and numerical method based analysis techniques are reviewed. Presence of PIFA in the category of low profile antenna in various application areas is reported. Effect of finite ground plane in wireless antenna applications is revisited. Performance of PIFA with other low profile antennas are compared and summarized. Suitability of PIFA as an array element is discussed and various methods of reducing mutual coupling are investigated. Finally critical needs for research areas are pointed out.
Using XRD and TG/DTG/DSC Studies to Follow the Structural Changes Induced by the Substitution of Al3+ with Ga3+ in 2-D Zn-rich Layered Double Hydroxides Matrices

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Changes in the structural characteristics of ZnAlLDHs, when Al3+ was replaced by Ga3+ and the structural features of the mixed oxide derived by calcination were rigorously assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG/DSC). The results of XRD analysis point out the formation of an LDH phase, without any impurity, with slight differences between samples prepared with specific trivalent cations, in relation to the higher volume of Ga compared to Al, due to their different cationic rays. After the calcination, the LDH structure collapsed and the characteristic XRD reflections of the mixed oxides were obtained. The results of the TG/DTG/DSC analysis indicate that the mass loss reported in terms of moles was almost similar for ZnAlLDH and ZnGaLDH. This demonstrates that the adsorbed water, CO2 and HO- content are similar in the substituted LDH. Hence, this study has revealed that both the composition of the Zn-rich LDHs and the calcination temperature are important parameters for tailoring the structural characteristics of the newly formed ZnO/Ga2O3/ZnGa2O4 homogeneous mixed oxides.
Linguistic and sociolinguistic awareness towards Japanese honorifics and politeness strategies of Polish students of Japanese studies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the linguistic and communicative competences regarding the use of Japanese honorifics among young language learners of Japanese studies in Poland. The attitude of Polish students towards the category of keigo – its diversification and significant role as a communicative strategy, especially in the perspective of implementing Japanese language in future social and professional life – is considered here an important component of the present research. The major method for this investigation has been the analysis of a questionnaire conducted in the Department of Japanese and Chinese Studies of Jagiellonian University among the participants of different years of study in order to determine the level of their knowledge and ability to use Japanese language on different levels of its politeness and casualness. The study also includes a brief assessment of the students’ motivation and attitude towards acquiring and developing communicative skills in regard to Japanese politeness. The impact of the native language, which may be regarded as an obstacle for using foreign language for communicative purposes naturally and efficiently, has also been taken into account. Moreover, the selection of teaching materials as well as the role of Japanese language teachers, whose teaching strategies and engagement in developing communicative competences of students influence learning processes, will be also mentioned in order to determine the extent of significant external motivations influencing the learning processes of foreign students.