jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Postoperative Pain in Response to Three Different Endodontic Sealers Using Visual Analog Scale

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: The present study aimed to evaluate and compare postoperative pain after root canal treatment using three different base endodontic sealers. Materials and Methods: Root canal treatment was initiated in 60 patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, root canal treatment was completed, and different base endodontic sealers were used for obturation were selected based on the random allocation of the participants to the following groups NanoSeal, Dia Proseal, and CeraSeal. Postoperative pain was recorded using a 100 mm Visual Analog Scale at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 day after obturation. Statistical analysis was done using the Kruskal–Wallis test and one-way ANOVA. Results: Statistically significant pain reduction was observed in both NanoSeal-S and Dia-Proseal groups post-obturation. In NanoSeal-S, pain peaked after 24 hours (2.25 ± 1.74), decreased at 72 hours (0.5 ± 0.89), and was minimal by day 7 (0.25 ± 0.55). Dia-Proseal exhibited similar trends with peak pain at 24 hours (0.25 ± 0.55), further reduction at 72 hours (0.1 ± 0.31), and negligible pain by day 7 (0.0 ± 0.0). Comparable outcomes were noted with CeraSeal sealer group. Conclusions: CeraSeal showed less postoperative pain compared to Dia-Proseal and NanoSeal-S.
Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor and Anti-Hu Antibodies Successfully Treated with Carboplatin and Etoposide for Small-cell Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The coexistence of multiple autoantibodies associated with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is rare. A 63-year-old woman developed psychosis and consciousness disorder. Her cerebrospinal fluid was positive for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies, and her serum was positive for anti-Hu antibodies. Enhanced computed tomography revealed a mass in the right pulmonary hilum. AE complicated with small-cell lung cancer was diagnosed. Immunotherapy (steroid therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin) and four courses of carboplatin-etoposide chemotherapy were required to improve her neurological symptoms. When the coexistence of multiple antibodies is detected, despite its rarity, aggressive detection and treatment of any underlying malignancy may be recommended.
Mitochondria-Targeting\nMultifunctional Fluorescent\nProbe toward Polarity, Viscosity, and ONOO<sup>–</sup> and\nCell Imaging

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abnormal changes occurring in the mitochondrial microenvironment\nare important markers indicating mitochondrial and cell dysfunction.\nHerein, we designed and synthesized a multifunctional fluorescent\nprobe <b>DPB</b> that responds to polarity, viscosity, and peroxynitrite\n(ONOO<sup>–</sup>). <b>DPB</b> is composed of an electron\ndonor (diethylamine group) and electron acceptor (coumarin, pyridine\ncations, and phenylboronic acid esters), in which the pyridine group\nwith a positive charge is responsible for targeting to mitochondria.\nD-π–<i>A</i> structure with strong intramolecular\ncharge transfer (ICT) and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT)\nproperties give rise to respond to polarity and viscosity. The introduction\nof cyanogroup and phenylboronic acid esters increases the electrophilicity\nof the probe, which is prone to oxidation triggered by ONOO<sup>–</sup>. The integrated architecture satisfies the multiple response requirements.\nAs the polarity increases, the fluorescence intensity of probe <b>DPB</b> at 470 nm is quenched by 97%. At 658 nm, the fluorescence\nintensity of <b>DPB</b> increases with viscosity and decreases\nwith the concentration of ONOO<sup>–</sup>. Furthermore, the\nprobe is not only successfully used to monitor mitochondrial polarity,\nviscosity, and endogenous/exogenous ONOO<sup>–</sup> level\nfluctuations but also to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells\nby multiple parameters. Therefore, as-prepared probe provides a reliable\ntool for better understanding of the mitochondrial microenvironment\nand also a potential approach for the diagnosis of disease.
Drag viscosity of metals and its connection to Coulomb drag

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recent years have seen a surge of interest in studies of hydrodynamic\ntransport in electronic systems. We investigate the electron viscosity of\nmetals and find a new component that is closely related to Coulomb drag. Using\nthe linear response theory, viscosity, a transport coefficient for momentum,\ncan be extracted from the retarded correlation function of the momentum flux,\ni.e., the stress tensor. There exists a previously overlooked contribution to\nthe shear viscosity from the interacting part of the stress tensor which\naccounts for the momentum flow induced by interactions. This contribution,\nwhich we dub drag viscosity, is caused by the frictional drag force due to\nlong-range interactions. It is therefore linked to Coulomb drag which also\noriginates from the interaction induced drag force. Starting from the Kubo\nformula and using the Keldysh technique, we compute the drag viscosity of 2D\nand 3D metals along with the drag resistivity of double-layer 2D electronic\nsystems. Both the drag resistivity and drag viscosity exhibit a crossover from\nquadratic-in-T behavior at low temperatures to a linear one at higher\ntemperatures. Although the drag viscosity appears relatively small compared\nwith the normal Drude component for the clean metals, it may dominate\nhydrodynamic transport in some systems, which are discussed in the conclusion.\n
Household Dependence on Forest Income in Rural Zambia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article estimates the contribution of forests and woodland resources to the incomes of households living around six local forest reserves earmarked for the Joint Forest Management programme in Zambia. It identifies the key factors that influence their decisions to engage in commercial exploitation of forest resources. The analysis shows that, in addition to the subsistence use of forest resources, rural households earn 30 % of their cash income from harvesting and selling forest products. The amount of forest income that households earn varies significantly across study sites and is influenced by market and household level factors as well as the occurrence and abundance of forest products. Factors that influence the household entry and exit into forest extraction for sale, the forest income they can earn, and the relationship between forest extraction and agricultural production are examined and policy implications discussed.
Screening individuals’ experiences of colonoscopy and colon capsule endoscopy; a mixed methods study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The standard investigation in colorectal cancer screening (optical colonoscopy [OC]) has a less invasive alternative with the colon capsule endoscopy (CCE). The experiences of screening individuals are needed to support a decision aid (DA) and to provide a patient view in future health technology assessments (HTA). We aimed to explore the experiences of CCE at home and OC in an outpatient clinic by screening participants who experienced both investigations on the same bowel preparation. Methods: In a mixed methods study, Danish screening individuals with a positive immunological fecal occult blood test (FIT) were consecutively included and underwent both CCE and OC in the same bowel preparation. They answered questionnaires about discomfort during CCE, delivered at home, and during a following OC in the outpatient clinic. Data were calculated in percentages and Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for comparisons. Among the 253 included patients, 10 participants were selected for a semi-structured interview about their experiences of the two examinations. The analysis and interpretation of the transcribed data were inspired by Ricoeur. Results: Questionnaire data were received from 239 participants and revealed significant less discomfort during the CCE than the OC. Interview data included explained discomfort elements in two categories: ‘The examination’ and ‘The setting’. Compared to OC, the CCE was experienced with less pain, embarrassment and invasiveness, but presented challenges and disadvantages as well, i.e., a large camera capsule to swallow, a longer waiting time for test results after CCE and an additional OC, if pathologies were found. The home setting for CCE delivery made the participants feel less like they were ill or patients less restricted and that they received more personal care, but could induce technical challenges. Conclusion: In screening individuals, CCE at home was associated with significantly less discomfort compared to OC at a hospital, and multiple reasons for this was identified.
Anisotropic DBSCAN for 3D SMLM Data Clustering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) advanced biological discoveries beyond the diffraction limit. Various implementations enable 3D SMLM to reconstruct volumetric cell images. Yet, the inherent anisotropic point spread function of optical microscopes often limits the localization precision in the axial direction compared to the lateral precision. Such localization anisotropy could also expand spherical cellular structures to ellipsoidal cellular structures. Structure identification, however, is often performed using DBSCAN cluster algorithms, considering an isotropic search volume. Here, we show that an anisotropic DBSCAN search volume identifies anisotropic clusters more reliably using simulated ground truth data sets. Given experimental localization precisions, we suggest optimized search parameters based on an expanded computational grid search and show an enhanced performance of anisotropic DBSCAN amidst variations in localization precision. We demonstrate the capability of anisotropic DBSCAN on experimental data and anticipate that the algorithm allows for a more rigorous identification of clusters in cells, considering the anisotropic localization precisions of astigmatism-based 3D SMLM.
Fabless company mask technology approach: fabless but not fab-careless

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There are two different foundry-fabless working models in the aspect of mask. Some foundries have in-house mask
facility while others contract with merchant mask vendors. Significant progress has been made in both kinds of
situations. Xilinx as one of the pioneers of fabless semiconductor companies has been continually working very closely
with both merchant mask vendors and mask facilities of foundries in past many years, contributed well in both
technology development and benefited from corporations. Our involvement in manufacturing is driven by the following
three elements: The first element is to understand the new fabrication and mask technologies and then find a suitable
design / layout style to better utilize these new technologies and avoid potential risks. Because Xilinx has always been
involved in early stage of advanced technology nodes, this early understanding and adoption is especially important. The
second element is time to market. Reduction in mask and wafer manufacturing cycle-time can ensure faster time to
market. The third element is quality. Commitment to quality is our highest priority for our customers. We have enough
visibility on any manufacturing issues affecting the device functionality. Good correlation has consistently been
observed between FPGA speed uniformity and the poly mask Critical Dimension (CD) uniformity performance. To
achieve FPGA speed uniformity requirement, the manufacturing process as well as the mask and wafer CD uniformity
has to be monitored.
Xilinx works closely with the wafer foundries and mask suppliers to improve productivity and the yield from initial
development stage of mask making operations. As an example, defect density reduction is one of the biggest challenges
for mask supplier in development stage to meet the yield target satisfying the mask cost and mask turn-around-time
(TAT) requirement. Historically, masks were considered to be defect free but at these advanced process nodes, that
assumption no longer holds true. There is a need to be flexible enough on unrepairable defect at early stage but also a
need for efficient risk management system on mask defect waivers. Mask defects are often waived in low design
criticality area in favor of scrapping the mask and delaying the mask and wafer schedule. Xilinx's involvement in mask
manufacturing has contributed significantly to our success in past many nodes and will continue.
Radial Profiles of Electron Density and Current Components at Cathode Surface in LaB6 Hollow Cathode Arc

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Experimental studies on a hydrogen-fed LaB 6 hollow cathode arc have been pursued. The plasma parameter in the cathode has been measured by a Langmuir probe. The radial variation in the electron density inside the cathode was calculated using the continuity and momentum equations, showing good agreement with the experimental results. The electron density at the cathode surface was estimated to be 15%–20% of that at the cathode axis. It was also found from the current balance that the arc current components at the cathode surface consist of a thermionic current which takes into account the Schottky effect, the ion current and the secondary electron current induced by ion bombardment. The ion current and the cathode surface is larger than the electron current emitted from the cathode.
Sofosbuvir + velpatasvir + voxilaprevir for the treatment of hepatitis C infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatitis C is a disease with a significant global impact. Over the last several years, the treatment of the disease has been revolutionized. Therapy has transformed over the last several years with the approval of second generation direct acting antivirals, and currently utilized medications for the treatment of hepatitis C are significantly more efficacious with better safety profiles than previously approved treatments. Treatment for individuals who have failed therapy on direct acting antivirals has, until recently, been complex and difficult to treat, but the approval of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir represents a new therapeutic option for these individuals. Areas covered: Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir is a recently approved therapeutic combination for the treatment of hepatitis C. This article reviews the studies leading to the approval of the combination, and its efficacy and safety profile. Expert opinion: Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir fills one of the previously unfilled niches for the treatment of hepatitis C, that of the treatment of individuals who have failed therapy with resistant virus. With the filling of this niche, there appears to be a general slowing of the development of new therapeutics. Although understandable, in the long term, there are considerable risks associated with the decreased development of new drugs to treat hepatitis C.
Triticum aestivum L. 1971-TRT-AE-57

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum aestivum L.
Common name(s): Wheat
Conserved by: Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (IPGR), Bulgaria
Local sample unique identifier: 1971-TRT-AE-57
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1971
An investigation into the constraints and driving factors associated with brownfield redevelopment in Portsmouth from the developer's perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this project was to investigate the constraints and driving factors associated with the development of Brownfield sites in Portsmouth from the developer’s point of view. The project was worthwhile endeavour as there is little published research which investigates the problems that developers face when developing on Brownfield sites at a local level. \n \nThe research was conducted using a postal questionnaire with a sample group of 158 participants. The data collected from the questionnaires was a mixture of both qualitative and quantitative data. However the focus of the data collection was on quantitative data. \n \nThrough the process of the analysis of the findings of the research it has been identified that Brownfield redevelopment will be prevented mainly as a result of planning restrictions imposed by local authorities. In fact, planning constraints have been characterized by the vast majority of participants as the most difficult barrier to overcome followed in descending order by ownership constraints, infrastructure constraints, and contamination constraints. However, most of the developers stated that they will not be deterred from overcoming any form of contamination or any other physical constraint (such as infrastructure) as long as there is the opportunity of profit to be made. \n \nWith respect to the driving factors to Brownfield redevelopment, the analysis of the results revealed that developers are mainly driven to increase their Brownfield output as a result of lack of available land for development, resulting from pressures exerted by government policies for the re-use of Brownfield sites. \n \nIn addition, it has been suggested by most participants to the research that there is a need for more government led incentives to be provided in order to make those heavily contaminated sites to become more viable to develop.
The possible application of international accounting standards in China

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This thesis is a single case study on Chinese accounting, the research question it attempts to answer is the possible application of international accounting standards in China. In order to answer the research question, it first studies the differences of contexts between international accounting and Chinese accounting, subsequently, from the perspective of conceptual framework, elucidates the dissimilarities between Chinese accounting and international accounting and the causes which bring about these differences. The final conclusion is that China has not yet possessed the necessary conditions for the application of international accounting standards.
PREDICTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AND MORTALITY IN THE SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION IN THE ELDERLY PROGRAM PILOT PROJECT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Do the established cardiovascular risk factors for younger persons remain important predictors of cardiovascular disease events and mortality in those who are older? The authors examined this question in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program pilot project which prospectively followed 551 men and women 60 years of age and older with pretreatment systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg who were enrolled between May 1981 and July 1982. Mean age was 72 years, 37% were men, 82% were white, and 24% had attended college. The vital status of all 551 participants was known at the end of follow-up, an average of 34 months after entry; there were 39 deaths from all causes, 66 first cardiovascular events, 18 strokes, and 20 episodes of myocardial infarction/sudden death. Univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that age was a predictor (p less than 0.05) of all-cause mortality, first cardiovascular event, and stroke. Less than college education was a predictor of all-cause mortality and first cardiovascular event, smoking was a predictor of first cardiovascular event and myocardial infarction/sudden death, cholesterol was a predictor of first cardiovascular event, and lower body mass index was a predictor of increased all-cause mortality. After adjustment for covariables, age, lower education, lower body mass index, and baseline electrocardiographic abnormalities were significant predictors of all-cause mortality, and age, lower education, history of cardiovascular event, and smoking remained significant predictors of first cardiovascular event. Sex was not a risk factor, and the ability to examine hypertension as a risk factor was impaired by the fact that the entire cohort had systolic hypertension at baseline, and most were treated. These findings, combined with prior evidence, suggest that smoking, low education level, and perhaps serum cholesterol are risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Although the excess risk conveyed by these factors is large, its reversibility needs to be demonstrated by intervention studies.
Comparative systems and the functioning of networks: the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific models of trade. XVII and XVIII centuries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

All commercial networks operating during the First Global Age in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific systems had a number of common elements, although it is also true that in these two areas of study, very different dynamics emerged. In both areas, the strategies implemented by networks were designed to make them extremely cooperative, very dynamic, with a nonlinear structure and multifunctional. In contrast, noteworthy among the most significant differences is the high degree of participation of native traders and commercial networks in the Asia-Pacific, with Europeans taking part and learning alongside them, while the Atlantic, and the Caribbean in particular, were essentially European in nature.
Practical implementation of a network-based stochastic biochemical simulation system on an FPGA

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Stochastic simulation of biochemical reaction networks are widely focused by life scientists to represent stochastic behaviors in cellular processes. Stochastic algorithm has loop-and thread-level parallelism, and it is suitable for running on application specific hardware to achieve high performance with low cost. We have implemented and evaluated the FPGA-based stochastic simulator according to theoretical research of the algorithm. This paper introduces an improved architecture for accelerating a stochastic simulation algorithm called the Next Reaction Method. This new architecture has scalability to various size of FPGA. As the result with a middle-range FPGA, 5.38 times higher throughput was obtained compared to software running on a Core 2 Quad Q6600 2.40GHz.
Communication in the Transition to Self-Directed Work Teams

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Although adopting self-directed work teams (SDWTs) presents a challenge, this study shows that subordinates’ perceptions of managers’ influence strategies affect the success of change within organizations. Using data collected over 18 months, this study examined employees’ perceptions of managerial communication used prior to and during the implementation of SDWTs at a manufacturing firm as well as the effect of team and organizational communication on team members’ participation. First, the results indicated that managers who communicated persuasively using “soft” influence tactics in the team development process were perceived to be more effective. Second, team communication was found to have a significant positive effect on team members’ participation. Thus, the findings provide strong support for use of soft influence tactics in managerial communications when implementing SDWTs.