jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (DHA) FOR THE TREATMENT OF PEDIATRIC SPORT-RELATED CONCUSSION: RESULTS OF A FEASIBILITY TRIAL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The rate of sport-related concussion (SRC) has increased steadily over the past two decades in the pediatric population. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an Omega-3 fatty acid important for brain development in children, may aid in recovery following SRC. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility, outcomes, and safety of DHA as early treatment for SRC in pediatrics. Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled feasibility trial was conducted. Inclusion criteria were ages 14-18 and SRC within 4 days of enrollment. Exclusion criteria included taking DHA, radiographic evidence of TBI, participation in motorized sports, or previous concussion within past 6 months. Following diagnosis of concussion and initiation of standard treatment, subjects were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to DHA or a placebo and were instructed to take 2 capsules twice daily for 12 weeks. DHA capsules contained a total of 2000 mg of DHA/day and PLACEBO capsules contained corn and soy oil. Both were flavored with masking agents. Subjects were followed prospectively. Standard clinical assessments, SCAT-3 symptoms, ImPACT scores, BESS scores, adverse effects, and drug compliance was collected at enrollment, 1-week, 2-weeks, 4-weeks and 12-weeks. Demographics, day of injury symptoms, injury characteristics, and sport played were also collected. Subjects who demonstrated normal neurocognitive testing, complete symptom resolution and were cleared to begin a return to play (RTP) progression prior to the 4-week follow-up visit were permitted to forgo additional study visits, but requested to return for the 12-week visit. Groups were compared using Mann-Whitney tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables. Results: 40 subjects were enrolled; 20 in the DHA group (mean age: 16.02 years; 65% male) and 20 in the PLACEBO group (mean age: 15.97 years; 70% male). No significant differences in demographics, sport, symptoms, ImPACT scores, or BESS scores at enrollment were noted between groups. 25 (62.5%) subjects completed the 12-week visit. Overall drug compliance was 61.57% in the DHA group compared to 66.34% in the PLACEBO group (p=0.727). Subjects in the DHA group were symptom-free 4 days earlier than the PLACEBO group (16.1 vs. 20.9 days, p=0.082), demonstrated normal ImPACT neurocognitive testing (12.2 vs. 16.8 days, p=0.382), and were cleared to begin a RTP progression (21.4 vs. 23.4 days, p=0.115) sooner than those in the PLACEBO group. Two adverse effects were noted in the DHA group. One event was determined to be unrelated to the study. The second event was drug-related eructation and considered minor. No adverse effects were reported in the PLACEBO group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that use of high-dose DHA for treatment of SRC in pediatrics is feasible and safe. DHA may allow for a faster symptom-free state and for an earlier return to play, but a large-scale trial is needed.
Alternative Fuel Policies and Programs: A Legislator's Guide

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Buses fueled by natural gas take commuters to work. Electric cars recharge in America's garages while their owners sleep. California's smog and Denver's brown cloud are becoming things of the past. As futuristic as these goals may seem, steps are being taken to achieve them all over the country through the use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles. The purpose of this guide is to assist legislators in their efforts to advance state air quality and energy security objectives by focusing on the promotion of alternative fuel use. The guide examines such initiatives as state policies and programs, multi-state regional consortia, public private partnerships and local government efforts. Federal initiatives promoting the use of alternative fuels are described to furnish background information on the stimulus for many state policies in this area. Since communication among stakeholders is an important component of any policy development process, the guide also identifies various stakeholders and their positions on issues surrounding the implementation and use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles.
[Spondylodiscitis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors present a clinical case of a female child, aged 23 months, previously healthy that 24 hours after falling down started to refuse walking and complained about back pain. She never had fever. She felt better with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, restarting the symptoms, two days after therapy suppression. At admission on hospital she presented inability to flex the lower back and loss of lumbar lordosis, being normal the remaining physical examination. There was a raise of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and a radiological narrowing of the L1/L2 inter-vertebral disc space, a compatible image of spondylodiscitis in the MRI. Several diagnosis hipothesis have been considered, being infectious spondylodiscitis the most probable. We instituted tuberculosis therapeutic during one year and intravenous ceftriaxone for tree weeks followed by oral acetil cefuroxime (tree weeks). The spine has been immobilized with spine support. At four months disease and two months therapy, a Oerskovia xanthineolytica was isolated by intervertebral needle biopsy. A good clinical and radiological evolution has been observed. The authors stress the importance of MRI and intervertebral needle biopsy in the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis. It is also enhanced the use of MRI and ESR in the monitoring of response to the treatment.
EFFECTIVE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF HIGHER EDUCATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Appears in: EDULEARN20 Proceedings Publication year: 2020Pages: 1027-1036ISBN: 978-84-09-17979-4ISSN: 2340-1117doi: 10.21125/edulearn.2020.0354Conference name: 12th International Conference on Education and New Learning TechnologiesDates: 6-7 July, 2020Location: Online Conference
Study of unsteady cavitation flow of a pump-turbine at pump mode

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Three dimensional, unsteady, cavitating flows in a pump-turbine at pump mode were numerically studied using SST k-ω turbulence model and the mixture model. The unsteady cavitating flow and pressure fluctuations at different positions were analysed with two openings of guide vanes. Calculation results are in good agreement with experimental data. Results show that the opening of guide vanes has great effect on the cavitation phenomenon. The cavitating region gradually decreases with the increase of the relative opening, and it locates at the inlet of the suction side. The amplitude of the pressure fluctuation reduces as the cavitating region decreases. The numerical study of unsteady cavitating flow can provide a basic understanding for the improvement of stable operation of a pump-turbine.
Counseling and testing women for HIV.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

As the incidence of HIV infection in women increases, and treatments and interventions become available, the need for counseling and testing for HIV antibodies becomes more vital in all health care settings. Basic guidelines for pretest and posttest counseling are reviewed, and checklists for content of sessions are provided. The importance of counseling for primary prevention of infection and the identification of HIV-infected women through testing in order to provide support and appropriate care is discussed.
Evolution and Drivers of Embodied Energy in Intermediate and Final Fishery Trade Between China and Maritime Silk Road Countries

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Fishery plays an important role in world trade; however, the embodied energy associated with fishery remains incompletely quantified. In this study, we applied the multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model and logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) approach to understand the evolution and drivers of embodied energy in the intermediate and final fishery trade between China and countries along the 21st century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) from 2006 to 2021. The findings are as follows: (1) Embodied energy in the intermediate fishery trade averaged 92.2% of embodied energy from the total fishery trade. China has gradually shifted from being a net exporter to a net importer of embodied energy in intermediate, final, and total fishery trade with countries along the MSR. (2) From a regional perspective, the embodied energy in China’s fishery trade with Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asia comprises the majority of the embodied energy from China’s total fishery trade (82.0% on average annually). From a sectoral perspective, petroleum, chemical and non-metallic mineral products, and transport equipment were prominent in the embodied energy of China’s intermediate fishery trade (64.0% on average annually). (3) Economic output increases were the main contributors to the increasing embodied energy in all types of fishery trade in China. The improvement in energy efficiency effectively reduced the embodied energy in all types of fishery trade in China, but its negative driving force weakened in recent years owing to minor energy efficiency improvements. Understanding the embodied energy transactions behind the intermediate and final fishery trade with countries along the MSR can provide a theoretical reference for China to optimize its fishery trade strategy and save energy.
OCULAR SYMPTOMS OF NASAL ORIGIN.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although the symptomatology of pathologic conditions of the nose and accessory cavities has long been appreciated, more or less, by workers in this field of activity, not until recent years has the ophthalmologist and rhinologist alike recognized the fact that many ocular symptoms, which formerly were regarded, and unsuccessfully treated, as local disorders of the eyes, are frequently produced by inflammatory conditions within the nasal passages or accessory sinuses. Inasmuch as these regions are aterra incognitato many members of the profession, and a knowledge of the anatomy is essential to an understanding of the subject, it may not prove amiss to preface this discussion with a few illustrations which will serve more effectually to explain the underlying anatomic relationship of these structures and the pathologic conditions which occasion the ocular symptoms. Figure 1 presents a side aspect of the skull, which will recall the external configurations of the
Opinion piece: “Hearing the voices of young people!” Do we require more personal accounts from young people who have psychotic-like experiences?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

First person accounts are recognised as important educational and self-exploratory approaches. However accounts from adolescents with psychotic-like experiences are largely absent in comparison to other areas of adolescent and adult psychiatry. In this opinion piece we discuss the importance of adolescent accounts and how they may be collected and used within and outside of mental health services.
Factors Associated with the Intake of Ultra-Processed Cariogenic Foods by Preschoolers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics and factors associated with the intake of ultra-processed cariogenic foods (UFC) by preschoolers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving parents of 672 children from two to five years old enrolled at public schools in Curitiba, Brazil. Parents answered a questionnaire about socioeconomic and demographic data, their behavior regarding the dietary education of their children (Parent Mealtime Action Scale - translated and validated for use in Brazil), and children's food intake (qualitative food frequency questionnaire - list of foods based on a report from the Pan American Health Organization). The data were analyzed using Poisson regression analysis (α=0.05). Results: About 43% of parents/guardians reported changes in their children's diet during the pandemic, being that diet got worse and better in 19% and 24% of the cases, respectively. The ultra-processed cariogenic foods with the highest daily intake frequencies were sweetened juices/sweetened drinks (0.52), followed by cookies (0.37), and candies (0.35). Parents with a lower level of education reported a daily frequency of UCF intake 1.36 times higher (PR=1.359; CI 95%: 1.106-1.669) in their children compared to those with a higher level of education. On the other hand, parents’/guardians’ report of higher intake and greater offer of fruits and vegetables to children was associated with low UCF intake (PR=0.716; CI 95%: 0.592-0.866). Conclusion: The lower level of formal education of parents/guardians and lower availability of fruits and vegetables were related to higher consumption of ultra-processed cariogenic foods by children.
Sequence-specific thermal fluctuations identify start sites for DNA transcription

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We report results showing that thermally-induced openings of double stranded DNA coincide with the location of functionally relevant sites for transcription. Investigating both viral and bacterial DNA gene promoter segments, we found that the most probable opening occurs at the transcription start site. Minor openings appear to be related to other regulatory sites. Our results suggest that coherent thermal fluctuations play an important role in the initiation of transcription. Essential elements of the dynamics, in addition to sequence specificity, are nonlinearity and entropy, provided by local base-pair constraints.
Mechanical Effects of Defect Closure Following BPTB Graft Harvest for ACL Reconstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anterior cruciate ligament injury affects roughly 120 000 athletes in the United States every year. One of the most common techniques is the use of a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft. Graft harvest creates a sizeable defect in the remaining patellar tendon. Closure of this defect is based on surgeon preference. To date there has been no study on the effects of defect closure on the mechanical properties of remaining donor patellar tendon. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of closure on both the strength and stiffness of the remaining patellar tendon. 7 pairs of fresh frozen cadaver patellar tendons were matched by tendon dimensions. Bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts were harvested from all of the specimens and then half of the paired tendons underwent defect closure. All of the donor tendons were then tested in a servohydraulic load frame to failure at a constant displacement rate at room temperature. This study found no differences in the load at failure, the engineering failure stress, stiffness or in the engineering modulus between the donor tendons that underwent defect closure versus those that did not.
The Role of Gamification Techniques in Promoting Student Learning: A Review and Synthesis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aim/Purpose: This study reviewed previous research on the role of gamification techniques in promoting students’ learning. Background: The role of gamification in promoting students’ learning has been investigated empirically by many scholars. To date, mixed results about the effectiveness of gamification have been reported, and researchers frequently argue that the inappropriateness of certain techniques may have contributed to these mixed findings. Methodology: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was used to assess the criteria required for this review. A total of 40 studies were identified and included in the systematic review. The selected studies were used to assess the association between certain gamification techniques and students’ learning in this study. Findings: The results showed that gamification techniques differently affect students’ learning. In addition, it is important for students to be instructed about the application of gamification approach before they engage in a gamified learning task. The key challenges relating to the use of gamification techniques were also discussed. Recommendations for Practitioners: This review can help educational decision makers and practitioners to stimulate certain learning outcomes of the students with the help of specific gamification techniques.
Advanced imaging and management of superior vena cava syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome results from stenosis and/or occlusion of the central venous system leading to symptomatology associated with head and neck as well as upper-extremity venous congestion. With the rise in central venous catheter use and increasing cases of malignancy, the incidence of SVC syndrome has steadily increased in recent years. This narrative review explores the clinical presentation of SVC syndrome, alongside its evolving etiologies within modern clinical practice and its pathophysiology. In light of this, advanced imaging modalities and management approaches are discussed based on the extensive institutional experience, detailing the preprocedural imaging techniques, conservative and interventional treatment options, and follow-up imaging protocols.
Estimation of the capture efficiency and abundance of Atlantic sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) from paired photographic–dredge tows using hierarchical models

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The efficiency of survey gear is an important measure that can be used to estimate the absolute scale of populations in assessment models. We develop a general hierarchical model for estimating the efficiency of a New Bedford-style sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) survey dredge from paired dredge and Habcam camera system tows. Habcam data for each tow consist of multiple images that give information on within-tow variability of scallop density. The model accounts for these multiple observations as well as the possibility of differences between the true densities in dredge and Habcam pairs due to the pairs not covering exactly the same ground. We fit several models with alternative assumptions to observations on Atlantic sea scallops and compare the relative performance using Akaike’s information criterion. The best performing model estimated higher dredge efficiency on fine substrates than on coarse ones (approximately 0.40 and 0.27, respectively). Our results inform the scale of annual abundance estimates from dredge surveys and reduce uncertainty in the sea scallop stock assessments.
Metabolic Stability of New Mito-Protective Short-Chain Naphthoquinones

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Short chain quinones (SCQs) have been identified as potential drug candidates against mitochondrial dysfunction, which is largely dependent on their reversible redox characteristics of the active quinone core. We recently synthesized a SCQ library of &gt; 148 naphthoquinone derivatives and identified 16 compounds with enhanced cytoprotection compared to the clinically used benzoquinone idebenone. One of the major drawbacks of idebenone is its high metabolic conversion in the liver, which significantly restricts is therapeutic activity. Therefore, this study assessed the metabolic stability of the 16 identified naphthoquinone derivatives 1-16 using hepatocarcinoma cells in combination with an optimized reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) method. Most of the derivatives showed significantly better stability than idebenone over 6 hours (p &lt; 0.001). By extending the side-chain of SCQs, increased stability for some compounds was observed. Metabolic conversion from the derivative 3 to 5 and reduced idebenone metabolism in the presence of 5 were also observed. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of naphthoquinone-based SCQs and provide essential insights for future drug design, prodrug therapy and polytherapy, respectively.
Daphnis: a new model for the description of post-localization behaviour: application to sands

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper addresses developments on a constitutive model able to describe the post-localized behaviour of structures composed by geomaterials. The behaviour of the shear band is defined by means of a specific non-linear constitutive equation in the framework of large strain. Concept of ‘consistency’ of this model with the CLoE model from which it is derived at the onset of localization is discussed. During the post-localization regime this model evolves in a specific way by introducing the concept of critical void ratio. After some recalls about the CLoE framework and about a Rice bifurcation analysis involving CLoE models, the basic concepts of the Daphnis model are introduced. The last part of this paper is devoted to numerical results on an initially homogeneous frictionless biaxial test. The behaviour of the sample is modelled by means of a plane Mohr Coulomb model defined in the CLoE framework and its associated Daphnis model is used to characterize the specific behaviour of the shear band in the post-localization regime. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomic‐Scale Customization of Oriented Dipolar Defects in Amorphous Carbon via Nanoparticle‐Templated Phase Engineering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Amorphous materials possess abundant local dipoles, however, spatial disorder leads to random orientations and restricted mobility, suppressing macroscopic polarization and limiting dielectric performance, thereby severely constraining their use in ferroelectrics, electromagnetic shielding, energy storage, and related applications. To address this challenge, a template‐assisted phase evolution strategy is proposed by loading monodispersed Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (≈10 nm) onto representative biomass‐derived amorphous carbon, followed by controlled carbothermal treatment. Interfacial reactions between the oxide and carbon generated nanopores, with pore edges enriched in quantifiable, highly oriented polar bonds. Meanwhile, the oxide nanoparticles evolved into yolk–shell structures with adjustable internal voids. These oriented dipoles enabled an active response to external high‐frequency EM fields, resulting in pronounced dielectric relaxation behavior and a sharp ≈60% enhancement in permittivity, as confirmed by frequency‐dependent dielectric measurements and theoretical calculations. The significantly improved dielectric polarization broadened their application in EM protection, achieving >90% absorption efficiency over a 5.6 GHz bandwidth and far exceeding that of typical carbon‐based composites. This work provides a versatile strategy for unlocking orientational polarization in amorphous systems, paving the way for advanced applications in electromagnetic wave absorption, energy storage, and adaptive electronics.