jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characterization and adaptation of some 'Pinot Noir' clones to the environmental conditions of Serbian grape growing regions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The adequate choice of suitable cultivar/clone together with the ecological characteristics of the region and combination of agro technical measures represents the most important factors in the viticulture production. Aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of two Pinot Noir clones (R4 and 667) in two Serbian grape growing regions with different meteorological conditions. The following properties were investigated: beginning, end and length of the growing season, grape yield, mechanical composition of bunch and berry, grape and wine quality. Differences between studied 'Pinot Noir' clones and environmental conditions in grape growing regions resulted in the production of grapes and wine with different characteristics.
The evolving Korean childcare regime

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The objective of this paper is to understand changes and progress of the Korean childcare regime by examining the evolutional process of childcare initiatives that were developed since the Japanese colonial rule. Design/methodology/approach This study employed a qualitative-based research design with a particular emphasis on explanatory research. Meanwhile, the data were gathered through the peer-reviewed literature and reports. Findings The findings indicate that Korea has had three types of childcare regimes: effective-informal, productivist and inclusive-liberal orientation. It also pinpoints that while the care regime development followed the European regime, the egalitarian society, which is a social prerequisite for modern welfare state-building, has not yet been fully established. This paradoxical situation eventually impedes the development of universal childcare aimed at promoting gender equality and a work-life balance. Originality/value This article offers a model and characteristics of the Korean childcare regime dating back to the Japanese colonial period up until the Moon Jae-In administration, where it still receives less attention in most of the social policy literature (see Table 1).
INFLATION-HEDGING POTENTIAL OF NIGERIAN BREWERY STOCKS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Inflation is an ill-wind that blows no one any good. It is an important variable in investment decision. In inflationary period, investors are usually jittery because not only that their invested capital and expected income are at risk of extinction, the possibility of maintaining the value of the investment to command the expected purchasing power is heavily threatened. To combat this monster called inflation and protect the purchasing power of investment income, the investor should properly examine his potential investment assets to make sure such can offer him the security of his capital and income in real terms. Against this background, this study sets to examine the inflation-hedging potentials of investment in equity stocks of quoted brewers in Nigeria between 2000 and 2011. The study applied real rate of return on equity and regression analysis to find the stocks that provide positive real return and offer inflation-hedging potentials respectively. The findings revealed that in terms of real return based on shareholders’ funds and total return to equity, all the firms were not susceptible to adverse effect of inflation but when based on dividend yield all the firms offered no significant hedge against inflation.
EVA - Evaluation of Energy Concepts: Case Study of Siedlungswerk, Stuttgart

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the evaluation and optimization results of the office building Siedlungswerk as part of the EVA project. Within EVA, 19 German office buildings are being “eva”-luated in terms of energy efficiency and user comfort. \nBuilt in the early 1990s in the city center of Stuttgart the building Siedlungswerk provides office spaces for 135 employees on a net heated floor area without a parking garage (NGFr) of 5.589 m². The evaluation showed an annual consumption of primary energy of 614 kWh/(m²NGFra). This was the highest within the EVA sample and significantly above reference values. Users complained about high temperatures in summer and low temperatures in winter especially during the morning hours. A short term monitoring of the indoor climate confirmed these problems. A comprehensive concept of improvement was implemented at the end of 2004 at a total cost of 250 T including 100 T for improvements in energy efficiency. The following year showed a reduction of 36 % in consumption of electrical energy and 49% in gas consumption. The energy savings generate annual cost savings of 50 T, which equals a return on invest in energy efficiency after two years. The optimized building operation also significantly improved the user comfort.
Analysis of Aroma Compounds of Heated Fats from Wagyu Beef and Other Cattle Using Headspace SPME

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

市販の和牛,交雑牛,乳牛および輸入牛(豪州産)の皮下脂肪(SF)と筋内脂肪(IF)について,固相マイクロ抽出(SPME)した加熱香気成分を比較した.その結果SFでは,和牛はアルデヒド,アルコール類が,交雑牛ではアルカン,芳香族化合物類が,輸入牛はエステル類が多かった.和牛香に寄与するラクトン類(γ-あるいはδ-Cn (nは炭素数)と表す)については,和牛ではγ-C7,C8,C9が,乳牛と輸入牛ではγ-C10,C12,δ-C10が有意に多かった.交雑牛のラクトン類組成は乳牛に似ていた. IFでは和牛はアルカン,芳香族化合物,エステル類が多く,輸入牛はアルコール,アルデヒド類が多かった.いずれの牛でもSFとIFで香気成分の構成割合が異なっていた.ラクトン類は和牛のγ-C4,C6がその他の牛より多い傾向にあり,逆にδ-C6,γ-C7,C8,C9はその他の牛より少ない傾向にあった.交雑牛のラクトン類組成は乳牛と似ていた.
DNA Vaccines: Recent Developments and the Future

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This special issue is focused on DNA vaccines, marking the two decades since the first demonstration of pre-clinical protection was published in Science (Ulmer et al.; Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein. 1993). This introductory article provides an overview of the field and highlights the observations of the articles in this special issue while placing them in the context of other recent publications.
Change of refraction in premature infants after cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity between the age of six months and three years

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To investigate the chronological change of refraction in premature infants after cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), cycloplegic refractions had been performed at 6 months and 3 years after term in premature infants who underwent cryotherapy for ROP. The changes of refractions between the two study ages were evaluated not only in the total cryo-treated eyes, but also in the subdivided groups according to the posterior pole appearances. In the total 61 eyes of 32 premature infants, mean spherical equivalents were -4.05D vs. -5.94D (6 months vs. 3 years) (p = 0.0001). In the normal posterior pole group (48 eyes), mean spherical equivalents were -3.45D vs. -5.68D (6 months vs. 3 years) (p = 0.0000), and in the abnormal posterior pole group (13 eyes), -6.28D vs. -6.86D (6 months vs. 3 years) (p = 0.6496). These results mean that there is a myopic progressive change between 6 months and 3 years after term in the cryo-treated eyes for acute ROP and it is more evident in the eyes with normal posterior pole.
Electric Fishes in the Nineteenth Century

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This chapter focuses on electric fish research during the 19th century. These studies would involve attempting to get sparks from torpedoes, determining the polarity of the electric organs, trying to understand why these fish did not electrocute themselves, and much more. Fish studies and research on nerve and muscle physiology would be viewed as having much in common, and they would continue to draw on each other.
A specialized tube to make enrichment of specific cell subsets faster and easier (124.3)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Many experimental protocols require the enrichment of specific cell subsets from peripheral blood. RosetteSep™ cell enrichment and standard mononuclear cell (MNC) preparation both involve density gradient centrifugation, which entails slowly layering the sample over the density gradient medium to avoid mixing, and carefully pipetting to remove the enriched cells after centrifugation. Centrifugation must be performed with the brake off to avoid disturbing the enriched cell layer, further lengthening the process. SepMate™, a centrifugation tube with a specialized insert, was developed to allow rapid layering of the sample onto the density gradient medium, and pouring off of the enriched cells after centrifugation, thus simplifying the entire process. When using SepMate™, the cocktail incubation time and centrifugation time could each be shortened to 10 min, making RosetteSep™ cell enrichment even faster. RosetteSep™ enrichments of mononuclear cell subsets using the SepMate™ tubes and protocol gave equivalent purity and recovery of desired cells compared to using the standard RosetteSep™ protocol, and desired cells could be enriched from whole blood in &lt;30 min. Purities of specific cell types were: CD3 T Cells 96 ± 1 (n=5), CD4 T Cells 94 ± 5 (n=3), CD8 T Cells 85 ± 11 (n=4), B Cells 92 ± 6 (n=3), NK Cells 85 ± 5 (n=5), monocytes 68 ± 8 (n = 4). The protocol is easily scalable to process multiple samples simultaneously, and the SepMate™ tube can also be used to prepare MNCs.
On the concept of "stability" in asynchronous distributed decision-making systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Asynchronous distributed decision-making (ADDM) systems constitute a special class of distributed problems and are characterized as large, complex systems wherein the principal elements are the geographically dispersed entities that communicate among themselves, asynchronously, through message passing and are permitted autonomy in local decision making. Such systems generally offer significant advantages over the traditional, centralized algorithms in the form of concurrency, scalability, high throughput, efficiency, low vulnerability to catastrophic failures, and robustness. A fundamental property of ADDM systems is stability that refers to their behavior under representative perturbations to their operating environments, given that such systems are intended to be real, complex, and to some extent, mission-critical, and are subject to unexpected changes in their operating conditions. This paper introduces the concept of stability in ADDM systems and proposes an intuitive yet practical and usable definition that is inspired by those used in control systems and physics. An ADDM system is defined as a stable system if it returns to a steady state in finite time, following perturbation, provided that it is initiated in a steady state. Equilibrium or steady state is defined through placing bounds on the measured error in the system. Where the final steady state is equivalent to the initial one, a system is referred to as strongly stable. If the final steady state is potentially worse then the initial one, a system is deemed marginally stable. When a system fails to return to steady state following the perturbation, it is unstable. The perturbations are classified as either changes in the input pattern or changes in one or more environmental characteristics of the system, such as hardware failures. For a given ADDM system, the definitions are based on the performance indices that must be judiciously identified by the system architect and are likely to be unique. To facilitate the understanding of stability in representative real-world systems, this paper reports the analysis of two basic manifestations of ADDM systems that have been reported in the literature: (1) a decentralized military command and control problem, MFAD and (2) a novel distributed algorithm with soft reservation for efficient scheduling and congestion mitigation in railway networks, RYNSORD. Stability analysis of MFAD and RYNSORD yields key stable and unstable conditions. A system determined to be stable provides the reassurance that the system will perform well under adverse conditions. In contrast, a system deemed unstable reflects the need to address key weaknesses in the system design. Thus, stability analysis is a necessary and critical step in the development of any ADDM system.
Are There Long-Term Effects on Wages When Graduating in A Bad Economy in Taiwan?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Entering labor market during a bad economy can be intuitively connected to worse working experience at the beginning of one?s career, and moreover, the effect would persist for many years to come. We empirically estimate the long-term effect of graduating in a bad economy on wages in Taiwan. The estimation results do show significant evidences of negative long-term effect on wages. Besides, the long-term effects vary across genders and education groups.
Political inequality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The rise of economic inequality in the UK over the past four decades raises serious questions about the state of political equality in Britain. In this article, we analyse changes in political equality from voter participation to voting behaviour to the descriptive and substantive representativeness of Parliament. We find that voter participation in the electoral process has become substantially more unequal since the 1960s but that traditional geographic patterns of voting, where wealthier constituencies typically voted Conservative, have almost entirely vanished. Descriptively, Parliament has become more reflective in demographic and socio-economic terms of the population. In terms of substantive representation, policymaking in Britain has been more responsive to the interests of older homeowners than younger, less wealthy groups. Almost all British citizens nonetheless feel less represented by politicians and policymaking than they did several decades ago.
Facebook’s Federalist Papers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

(Excerpt)\nEvery week it seems there is a new controversy about content on tech platforms: Alex Jones deplatforming; YouTube’s decision to not take down the conservative commentator Steven Crowder; Facebook’s decision to keep up the “drunk Nancy Pelosi” video. All stem from initial policy decisions made in some glass-walled office in Menlo Park that end up rippling around the world; and then result in a global online explosion that seems to be heard everywhere but Silicon Valley.\nIn November, Facebook announced the most ambitious and proactive idea of how to deal with these issues and rebuild trust in the way these consequential decisions are being made. It proposed an independent Oversight Board to hear disputes regarding the platform’s Community Standards and give transparent and binding decisions.
Thermo-optically tunable fiber ring laser without any mechanical moving parts

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A thermo-optically tunable fiber ring laser has been constructed. The laser is based on a polymer-spaced Fabry-Pérot (F-P) étalon with a cavity length of 470-µm and an ultra-low polarization-dependent loss (PDL) of <0.1 dB. A wavelength tuning range of ~1.4 nm and a high wavelength stability of ~0.02 nm have been demonstrated without involving any moving mechanical parts. Such a nonmechanical tunable fiber laser structure leads to a reduced device size and allows easy device packaging due to the ultra-low PDL of the wavelength tuning element.
Medium-density Fiberboard (MDF) and Edge-glued Panels (EGP) after Edge Milling - Surface Roughness after Machining with Different Parameters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The mean arithmetic deviation of the roughness profile was investigated during cylindrical milling of the board edges. The machined materials were a medium-density fiberboard, medium-density fiberboard with single-sided lamination, and edge-glued spruce panel. Contactless and contact profilometers were used to measure the roughness. Both methods were evaluated and compared. Tungsten carbide blades with three different compositions and treatments were used. The effect of the cutting speed (20 m/s, 30 m/s, 40 m/s, and 60 m/s) and feed rate (4 m/min, 8 m/min, and 11 m/min) on the surface roughness was also monitored. The results of this study compared two different methods for determining the surface roughness. The measurements were more accurate with a contactless profilometer, but the price is higher than that of the contact method. The operation was also more complicated, and the measurement itself took longer with a contactless profilometer. The evaluation of individual surface quality variables was faster with a contact device. The best results in terms of the surface quality were achieved by lowering the feed rate and increasing the cutting speed.
Cytotoxic antibody dependent cells in mice experimentally infected with Brucella abortus.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In this study we investigated the cytotoxic activity mediated by antibody dependent cells (K cell) in C57BL/6 mice experimentally infected with Brucella abortus. The involvement of the K cells in experimental infection from Brucella was studied by evaluating the bacteriolysis in the presence of specific antibodies. After 3 h of incubation, approximately 30 +/- 3% of the labeled Brucellae undergo lysis, whereas the presence of lymphocytic populations alone, or of a specific decomplemented serum, determines a lysis of 5 +/- 3%. Cytotoxic antibody dependent activity of purified lymphomonocytic populations (ADCC) evaluated against cells labeled with 51Cr sensitized with specific antibodies obtained from mice is considerably increased in mice experimentally infected with Brucellae with respect to that present in non-infected mice. The increased activity begins to manifest itself 5 to 7 days after inoculation of the Brucellae reaching a maximum on the 10th day. The same results were obtained in the lymphocytic populations prepared from normal animals and those infected by Brucellae searching for K cells with the ability to form rosettes (EA-RFC).
Enabling Idea Generation through Computer-Assisted Collaborative Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article puts forward a three related case study series, using a Virtual Reality Learning Environment (VRLE) with a view to supporting the development of students' ideation skills in conventional primary and secondary education.Since this learning environment is fairly new it is necessary to examine its educational uses and determine if the new learning environment will meet teachers' expectations.Therefore, the overall goal for this research was twofold: a) to explore the ways in which idea generation was developed during students' work in an enjoyable environment b) to assess the way VRLE affects students' ability to generate new ideas and pass on knowledge.The data collected was qualitative and the analysis was based on grounded theory principles and an interpretive paradigm.
Using High Pressure Freezing and Freeze Substitution to Investigate Kinetochore Ultrastructure in Vetebrate Somatic Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract In vertebrate somatic cells, sister kinetochores attach chromosomes to the mitotic spindle by capturing microtubules (Mts) emanating from opposite spindle poles. Kinetochores are also required for chromosome alignment at the spindle equator, stabilizing kinetochore Mts, cell cycle control of anaphase onset, and poleward migration of sister chromatids during anaphase. Thus kinetochores play a critical role in the distribution of genetic information to daughter cells during cell division. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind kinetochore function requires knowing how the molecular components are arranged relative to each other, and relative to the kinetochore Mts. Currently, however, our knowledge of kinetochore composition is incomplete, and until recently our knowledge of kinetochore ultrastructure was limited to the familiar trilamellar model derived from conventionally fixed and dehydrated specimens(Figures 1a&b). Highly fibrous structures, such as the kinetochore, are particularly vulnerable to distortions caused by the chemical fixation and dehydration methods used in conventional specimen preparations. Such distortions can be largely avoided by using high pressure freezing and freeze substitution (HPF/FS).
A deep trade agenda for fundamental rights: framing fundamental rights for the new generation EU trade agreements with other developed countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research emerged from the desire to identify mechanisms ensuring that fundamental rights are not jeopardised by far reaching “deep” trade agreements and rather proactively protected. The “EU Deep Trade Agenda” resulted in ambitious free trade agreements (FTAs) stretching the stakes and implications for rights over a wide range of people. Because these FTAs go significantly beyond strictly trade-related issues, they have gained the label “deep”. The thesis borrows this term to examine the new generation EU FTAs from a fundamental rights perspective. The term “deep” is used as a methodological expedient to target the new “deep” features of EU FTAs at different levels of law-making, from the negotiations to the implementation. For each level, the thesis sheds light on major omissions and problems that arise for fundamental rights. To this end, the research investigates the new generation EU FTAs with other major developed economies in North America and Asia, focusing in particular on labour and data privacy rights, in the broader context of digitalisation and backlash to globalisation and free trade. \n \nThe thesis develops the notion of “deep agenda for fundamental rights” to refer to mechanisms and best practices that can ensure effective fundamental rights protection in the context of EU “deep” FTAs. From a normative perspective, the thesis identifies and conceives ways to make fundamental rights and trade converge, thus ensuring that they mutually sustain each other. This stance differs from approaches that would exclude any consideration on fundamental rights from the trade agreement altogether. This study is also critical of the current practice in EU FTAs and argues that self-standing provisions on fundamental rights within the text of the FTAs is not enough. Fundamental rights in trade begins with the trade negotiations, goes through new levels of law-making, and up to the implementation. The core message is that fundamental rights require consideration and safeguards at all these levels. The thesis thus provides new lenses to think about fundamental rights in trade, in a way that has so far largely remained unexplored by the literature and neglected in policy circles.