jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the cytotoxic effect of extracellular ATP in J774 mouse macrophages

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Extracellular ATP (ATPo) is known to be cytotoxic to many cell types through a mechanism which is largely unknown. Very recently this nucleotide has been shown to cause cell death by apoptosis, probably by interacting with specific cell-surface receptors. In the present study we have investigated the mechanism of ATPo-dependent cytotoxicity in the macrophage-like mouse cell line J774. It has been previously reported that in this cell type ATPo activates trans-membrane Ca2+ and Na+ fluxes and a drastic increase in the plasma-membrane permeability to hydrophilic solutes smaller than 900 Da. These changes are followed by cell swelling and lysis. We show in the present study that, although this nucleotide triggers a rise in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, neither cell swelling nor lysis is Ca(2+)-dependent. Furthermore, cell lysis is not dependent on Na+ influx, as it is not prevented by iso-osmotic replacement of extracellular Na+ with choline or N-methylglucamine. On the contrary, ATPo-dependent cytotoxicity, but not the ATPo-dependent increase in plasma-membrane permeability, is completely abrogated in sucrose medium. Under our experimental conditions ATPo does not cause DNA fragmentation in J774 cells. We conclude from these findings that ATPo does not cause apoptosis of J774 macrophages and promotes a Ca(2+)- and Na(+)-independent colloido-osmotic lysis.
GC-MS Screening of Bioactive Compounds from Seeds of Croton Bonplandianum baill (Euphorbiaceae)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present investigation was carried out to analyze the active constituents present in aerial parts (dry seeds) of Croton bonplandianum Baill (Euphorbiaceae) by GC-MS analysis. The presence of phytochemical compounds was screened by qualitative method. Totally 4 bioactive Phytochemical compounds were identified in the n-hexane extract of Croton species, the components were identified by comparing their relation indices and mass spectra. Fragmentation patterns with those stored on the MS-Computer library and also form the published literatures. The prevailing compounds were Squalene, (9Z, 12Z)-octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid, methyl 12-oxo-octadec-9-enoate- and phytol. The research revealed the potential of hexane extract of Croton bonplandianum Baill seeds as a good source of phytochemicals that justify the use of this plant for its various ailments by traditional practitioners.
Bacillus cereus-induced food-borne outbreaks in France, 2007 to 2014: epidemiology and genetic characterisation

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to identify and characterise Bacillus cereus from a unique national collection of 564 strains associated with 140 strong-evidence food-borne outbreaks (FBOs) occurring in France during 2007 to 2014. Starchy food and vegetables were the most frequent food vehicles identified; 747 of 911 human cases occurred in institutional catering contexts. Incubation period was significantly shorter for emetic strains compared with diarrhoeal strains A sub-panel of 149 strains strictly associated to 74 FBOs and selected on Coliphage M13-PCR pattern, was studied for detection of the genes encoding cereulide, diarrhoeic toxins (Nhe, Hbl, CytK1 and CytK2) and haemolysin (HlyII), as well as panC phylogenetic classification. This clustered the strains into 12 genetic signatures (GSs) highlighting the virulence potential of each strain. GS1 ( nhe genes only) and GS2 ( nhe , hbl and cytK2 ), were the most prevalent GS and may have a large impact on human health as they were present in 28% and 31% of FBOs, respectively. Our study provides a convenient molecular scheme for characterisation of B. cereus strains responsible for FBOs in order to improve the monitoring and investigation of B. cereus -induced FBOs, assess emerging clusters and diversity of strains.
Update on Sex Determination and Sex Differentiation in the European Sea Bass, Dicentrarchus Labrax (PERCIFORMES, F. MORONIDAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The sea bass is one of the most important aquacultured species in Europe, particularly in the Mediterranean countries. Because of a combination of genetic and environmental influences most of cultured sea bass are males. Males grow significantly less than females and, in addition, experience sexual maturation during the grow-out phase, causing important losses in production. Thus, the private sector demands the production of all-female stocks. Therefore, there is both basic and applied interest in knowing the sex determination and differentiation mechanisms of this species.
Cardiac output of dogs exercising in the heat

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

We measured cardiac output and central blood temperature in five large dogs (27 kg mean body wt) running at 7.5 km/h for 30 min at two work loads and at low and high ambient temperature (Ta). Each animal ran on a level treadmill (O2 cost about 4 times that of resting) at 25 and 35 degrees C Ta and at a 20% slope (O2 cost about 10 times that of resting) at 25 and 35 degrees C Ta. Cardiac output (CO) was the same at 15 and 30 min of exercise at both work loads and both TaS. CO was higher at 35 degrees C Ta at both work loads. Blood temperature rose 0.6 degrees C during exercise on the level treadmill at 25 degrees C and stabilized after the 15th min of exercise. On the level treadmill at 35 degrees C, blood temperature increased by 1.9 degrees C after 30 min. During 30 min of running at 20% slope, blood temperature increased by 3.2 degrees C at 25 degrees C and by 4.6 degrees C at 35 degrees C. At these work loads the dog is able to increase CO during exercise in the heat. This response is similar to that of humans doing moderate exercise in the heat but is in contrast to that of humans doing heavy exercise in the heat, in whom CO shows a drop or no change compared with cool conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Simulation Of Pm10 Source Apportionment At An Urban Site In Southern Taiwan By A Gaussian Trajectory Model

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study applied the Gaussian trajectory transfer-coefficient model (GTx) to simulate the particulate matter concentrations and the source apportionments at Nanzih Air Quality Monitoring Station in southern Taiwan from November 2007 to February 2008. The correlation coefficient between the observed and the calculated daily PM10 concentrations is 0.5 and the absolute bias of the PM10 concentrations is 24%. The simulated PM10 concentrations matched well with the observed data. Although the emission rate of PM10 was dominated by area sources (58%), the results of source apportionments indicated that the primary sources for PM10 at Nanzih Station were point sources (42%), area sources (20%) and then upwind boundary concentration (14%). The obvious difference of PM10 source apportionment between episode and non-episode days was upwind boundary concentrations which contributed to 20% and 11% PM10 sources, respectively. The gas-particle conversion of secondary aerosol and long range transport played crucial roles on the PM10 contribution to a receptor.
Fucoxantin: A Treasure from the Sea

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2.3 billion people will be overweight and 700 million obese in 2015. The reasons for this disastrous trend are attributed to the global tendency toward the reduced magnitude of exercise and physical activity and the increased dietary intake of fats, sugars and calories with reduced amount of vitamins and minerals. To prevent life-style-related diseases, like Metabolic Syndrome (MS), researchers’ attention is increasingly focusing on some of the so called “functional foods” which may be useful for their prevention and treatment. One of these functional ingredients is fucoxanthin (FX), a characteristic carotenoid present in edible brown seaweeds, such as Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame), Hijikia fusiformis (Hijiki), Laminaria japonica (Ma-Kombu) and Sargassum fulvellum. The increasing popularity of this molecule is certainly due to its anti-obesity effect, primarily detected by murine studies. These works revealed FX mediated induction of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) in abdominal white adipose tissue (WAT) mitochondria, leading to the oxidation of fatty acids and heat production in WAT. Beyond this important role, in recent studies FX has shown a great antioxidant activity, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-photoaging properties. The aim of this review is to highlight the main effects of FX on human health.
Health survey of former workers in a Norwegian coke plant: Part 2. Cancer incidence and cause specific mortality.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: A Norwegian coke plant that operated from 1964 to 1988 was investigated to ascertain whether the male workers in this plant had increased morbidities of cancer or increased mortality from specific causes, particularly associated with specific exposures at the coke plant. METHODS: Personal data on all the employees of the plant were obtained from the plant's archives. With additional data from the Norwegian Bureau of Statistics we identified 888 male former workers at the plant. Causes of death were obtained from the Norwegian Bureau of Statistics, and cancer diagnoses from the Norwegian Cancer Registry. The results were compared with national averages adjusted for age. Specific exposures were estimated with records of actual measurements done at the plant and interviews with former workers at the plant. RESULTS: A significant excess of stomach cancer (standardised incidence ratio (SIR) 2.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.01 to 4.21) was found. Mortality from ischaemic heart disease and sudden death was positively associated with work in areas which entailed peak exposures to CO. When considering work in such areas the past 3 years before death, the association was significant (p = 0.01). The last result is based on only two deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the short follow up time and the small size of the cohort the results should be interpreted with a certain caution. The positive results would justify a re-examination of the cohort at a later date.
Development of management system for D’xpose Fitness Centre Studio / Nursyahirah Hanaldin

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

D’xpose Fitness Centre Studio is a fitness centre that provides many types of classes such as Zumba, samaerobics, dance workout, step fit and body cardio, hi-lo aerobic and body turning, bollyfit dance and cardio dance class. This fitness centre also conducts the event that has been offered by the customer. The data of the customer and event need to be recorded to ensure that there is no double booking. This fitness centre accept only one event for one day. The information of participant also recorded in log book and currently there is no health status information for each participant. The total fees that paid by participant is calculated manually by staff. The project that is developed will assist stakeholder and staffs in managing their daily operation since they still using manual system. This project which is a web based system is carried out with an aim to develop the management system for D’xpose Fitness Centre Studio. This project using the three-tier architecture and waterfall model. The waterfall model involved three phases which are gather and analyse the requirement, design and develop the system. As a result, D’xpose Fitness Centre Studio Management System is produced together with documentations of Software Requirement Specification (SRS) and Software Design Document (SDD). For future work, this system can be extended as application which participant and customer can manage their information.
Potential of Combination of Bone Marrow Nucleated and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Complete Spinal Cord Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Cell-based therapies represent one of the definitive treatment approaches to SCI which, to become a routine clinical application, is marred by several known unknowns. The Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMNCs) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) represent the most clinically applied cell types for SCI in humans, with safety established, and to an extent, efficacy reported. Methods: In this review, we have analysed the clinical studies performed using BMMNC and MSC for complete SCI separately, and the potential for applying those cells in combination. We have also analysed those factors whose outcome in animal studies of SCI could be evaluated in depth but the clinical outcome cannot be evaluated intrinsically owing to practical difficulties. Conclusion: A combination of these two cell types, BMMNC and MSC, has been proven to be advantageous than applying them separately. Therefore, a thorough evaluation including the rationale and potential implications of applying these two therapies has been presented here, and we hypothesize that such a combination is likely to improvise the outcome of a wholesome approach to spinal cord regeneration after SCI.
A retrospective analysis of sex education messages received by LGB youth

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using focus groups, this qualitative study asked thirty-five gay, lesbian, and bisexual (LGB) young adults to reflect on messages they received about sex and sexuality around the time they first had sex. Focus groups were conducted, recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Through thematic analysis, the authors identified two messaging sources identified by participants: (1) formal education sources (i.e., school and parents), and (2) informal education sources (e.g., internet, peers). Formal sources often included messages perpetuating heteronormative assumptions, emphasizing abstinence, pregnancy and HIV/STI prevention, or silence as a form of messaging. Informal sources consisted of LGB specific information. These findings suggest informal sources may provide more useful and relevant information to LGB youth, further suggesting a need for more inclusive and comprehensive sexuality education.
GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF RELATIVE CELL INJURY AND SOME YIELD RELATED PARAMETERS IN Gossypium hirsutum L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Although cotton is sun loving crop but its production is adversely affected due to biotic and abiotic stress, heatstress contributed significantly in this loss around the globe. The present research work on heat tolerance incotton is a step forward to understand the genetic basis of heat tolerance in upland cotton. The presence andidentification of genetic variation for certain traits is one of the pre-requisite to start research work. There areseveral techniques for the screening of germplasm for heat tolerance. Relative cell injury was used for theidentification of the most heat tolerant and susceptible cotton genotypes i.e. VH-259, VH-142 and DNH-40,VH-282 respectively. The identified genotypes were used for the development of F1, F2, BC1 and BC2populations for genetic studies. The biometrical analysis revealed that selected traits i.e. relative cell injury,chlorophyll contents, boll shedding percentage, plant height, number of bolls per plant, number of seeds perboll, seed cotton yield were controlled by additive and non-additive type of gene action including epistaticeffects. It is suggested that selection in these populations should be done in later generations for thedevelopment of new germplasm with enhanced heat tolerance.
A Probable Future of Constitutional Review in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

State power has a natural tendency to violate private rights. Inadequate protection of fundamental rights reflects the lack of institutional safeguards. Based on the current inadequacy of fundamental rights protection in China, an institutional reform to the constitutional review system is necessary. The paper first analyzes the supremacy of the Constitution and the legitimacy of constitutional review. Further, it examines the three main review models of the significant constitutional countries in the world, compared with the currently implemented constitution review system in China. Considering the specific conditions of Chinese society, recognizing the structural shortages of the current system, and pointing out the infeasibility of the judicial review model in China, this paper argues that a constitutional review model where an independent review subject conducts the review can solve the problem of lack of independence while simultaneously adapting to the political tradition of China's People's Congress system. This future system is envisioned in the hope that it will better uphold the authority of the Constitution, regulate the administrative power, and thus protect the constitutional rights of citizens.
Using Double-Bounded Dichotomous-Choice to Estimate Households’ Willingness to Pay for Improved Water Quality in Bac Ninh Province of Vietnam

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study used double-bounded dichotomous-choice to estimate and analyze the factors affecting households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for water quality improvement. This study notes that households with higher income, living near a polluted water source, using tap water instead of natural water, who are handicraft producers, and who have more members, are willing to pay more. However, households who rarely hear about environmental pollution issues and who are offered a higher bid are more likely to refuse to pay. Solutions to improve water quality are suggested such as to raise people’s awareness through communication channels and social organizations; to increase income associated with environmental protection policies; to construct wastewater treatment plants; to encourage the relocation of production establishments to industrial parks and industrial complexes; to put regulations on collection, payment and sanctions in case of not declaring and paying fees into village conventions; to promulgate circulars, and bylaws to concretize and simplify regulations and policies of the Government and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
PENGARUH TERAPI REMINISCENCE TERHADAP FUNGSI KOGNITIF LANSIA DI UPT PSTW BONDOWOSO

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Pada masa tua banyak sekali masalah yang terjadi, salah satunya adalah fungsi kognitif. Penurunan fungsi kognitif pada lansia belum mendapatkan penanganan yang maksimal. Salah satu bentuk terapi untuk fungsi kognitif lansia adalah terapi Reminiscience. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh terapi Reminiscience terhadap peningkatan fungsi kognitif lansia di UPT PSTW Bondowoso Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pra eksperimental dengan pendekatan pre – post test design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 81 lansia yang tinggal di UPT PSTW Bondowoso. Responden yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini adalah 20 lansia yang diambil dengan purposive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi lansia yang kooperatif, mudah diajak berkomunikasi dan bersedia menjadi responden.. Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan Maret 2018. Responden terbagi dalam 4 kelompok. Setiap kelompok melakukan terapi Reminiscience selama 90 menit setiap sesi dan dalam dua minggu dilakukan tiga sesi untuk masing- masing kelompok. Fungsi kognitif lansia diukur dengan menggunakan MMSE sebelum dan sesudah tindakan. Analisa data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji wilcoxon. Hasil uji wilcoxon menunjukkan p value 0.09 lebih kecil dari α 0.05 sehingga H0 ditolak artinya ada pengaruh terapi Reminiscience terhadap peningkatan fungsi kognitif lansia. Terapi ini direkomendasikan sebagai salah satu terapi yang dapat dilakukan dalam upaya mempertahankan fungsi kognitif lansia. Kata kunci : lansia, fungsi kognitif, terapi reminiscience
What’s that stuff? Artificial snow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Winter snowfalls herald all manner of fun and games: snowball fights, skiing, tobogganing, snowboarding, and, every four years, couch potato-ing as people all over the world watch the Winter Olympics. But what’s a winter sports enthusiast to do if the coveted precipitation doesn’t make an appearance? That’s when artificial snow comes in. Over the years, human ingenuity has provided myriad ways to create or enhance snowscapes in all kinds of scenarios. One of the earliest ways to fake snow was simply by pulverizing large blocks of ice and spreading the shavings, but the material is very heavy and melts quickly. Nowadays, faux snow is no problem, whether you need to spruce up a ski slope or create a picture-perfect scene for the silver screen. Using machines to make snow is commonplace for outdoor winter sports, including downhill skiing and snowboarding. Ski resorts, hoping to extend the season or simply enhance
MRSA in dermatology inpatients with a vesiculobullous disorder.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged worldwide as a major nosocomial pathogen that causes notable morbidity and mortality, especially in vesiculobullous disorders. To study the prevalence of MRSA among patients with autoimmune bullous and drug-induced vesiculobullous disorders and elucidate its predisposing factors and associated mortality, we conducted a prospective, descriptive, 1-year study of all vesiculobullous patients admitted to a tertiary-care center. The prevalence of MRSA in this study was high (32.6%); MRSA constituted 55.8% of all bacterial isolates. All MRSA isolates were resistant to cloxacillin, oxacillin, and cefoxitin; all isolates (100%) were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid; and 79.1% of isolates (34 patients) were sensitive to amikacin, an inexpensive and readily available antibiotic.
Metabolomics Analysis for the Identification of Biomarkers in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis is usually detected at the extensive stage of the disease. The demand for early diagnostic methods and reliable biomarkers is increasing, although a number of tumor markers such as NSE and NCAM have already been utilized in clinics. Here, we conducted untargeted metabolomics in 54 plasma samples from 34 patients with SCLC and 20 healthy controls.
<b>EFFECT OF β-ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE ON THE ANAEROBIC METABOLISM IN RATS EXPOSED TO HIGH-ALTITUDE </b><b>HYPOXIA </b>

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Effect of β-adrenergic blockade on hypoxia-induced stimulation of anaerobic metabolism in rats was investigated. 1) Administration of the β-adrenergic blocker propranolol inhibited the formation of lactate and pyruvate in rats exposed to 8,000 m-simulated altitude, but showed no effect on the increase in uric acid level. 2) Blood glucose increased after the rats were returned to sea-level, and propranolol inhibited the increase completely. 3) β-Blockade did not affect the increase in lactate and pyruvate in rats to which glucose had been administered before exposed to hypoxia. β-Adrenergic effect is responsible for supply of the glycolytic substrate through the degradation of glycogen in muscle under highly hypoxic conditions such as an exposure to 8,000 m altitude, but does not participate in the stimulation of glycolysis when blood glucose can be readily utilized as a substrate.