jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An examination of the supannuation fund market reaction to the 'Choice of Fund' policy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Since the enactment of the Superannuation Choice legislation in July 2005, employees are now able to choose the fund into which their superannuation contributions will be invested. The stated aim of the Choice legislative change is to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of the superannuation industry. In this study, efficiency is measured by assessing the fund industry reaction via an examination of the flow-performance relation. Competitiveness is evaluated by assessing the persistence in performance of individual funds. Consistent with the hypotheses, the 'Choice of Fund' policy has a significant effect on increasing the efficiency of the superannuation industry, which is supported by a stronger flowperformance relation post-Choice. The study also finds that competition in the superannuation industry has increased, which is evidenced by a decrease in performance persistence in the top performing funds and an increase in performance persistence in the bottom performing funds.
Comparison of the composition of faecal fluid in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We determined the ionic composition of faecal fluid from 13 patients with Crohn's disease limited to the colon, 10 with diffuse ulcerative colitis, and eight with ulcerative proctitis. The Crohn's and colitis groups had similar proportions of colon surface involved radiographically and similar 24 hour faecal weights. However, Crohn's patients' faecal fluid had arithmetically lower mean sodium and statistically lower mean chloride (34.8 mmol/l +/- 16.2 SD vs. 53.1 mmol/l +/- 23.1 SD) and higher potassium (49.2 mmol/l +/- 20.2 SD vs. 33.0 mmol/l +/- 13.8 SD) concentrations (p less than 0.05 for each) and much higher osmolality (487.1 mOsmol/kg +/- 87.1 SD vs. 341.1 mOsmol/kg +/- 88.9 SD, p less than 0.001). Separation of these patients using the faecal osmotic gap agreed with the clinical classification in 86% of cases. The diarrhoea of proctitis patients had a nearly normal ionic composition which was clearly distinguishable from that of diffuse colitis. These results suggest differences in the composition and perhaps the pathogenesis of the diarrhoea of Crohn's and ulcerative colitis. The composition of fluid may prove a useful, non-invasive method for classifying patients with inflammatory bowel disease and, in ulcerative colitis, determining the extent of the inflammatory process.
Role of nitric oxide in the left-sided colon of patients with diverticular disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

These findings suggest that the intrinsic intestinal innervation contains excitatory and inhibitory nerves and that the former, especially cholinergic nerves, are dominant in the left-sided colon with diverticula. In addition, diminution of action of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves by substances such as nitric oxide may be largely related to the high intraluminal pressure by colonic segmentation observed in the left-sided colon with diverticula.
On the relationship between multi-view data capturing and quality of rendered virtual view

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

According to the Nyquist sampling theorem, a large number of sampled images and small intervals between capturing cameras should be met for rendering high quality virtual views without aliasing, which is hard to realize in practice. Therefore, achieving a balance between multi-view data capturing and quality of the rendered view remains as open problems. To solve this problem, we analysed the spectral bounds of the scene and designed a reconstruction filter. A proper number for rendering and a three-dimensional surface describing the relation between multi-view data capturing and quality of the rendered view were derived. Experimental results for both the modelled scene and the real scene show that only about 20% of sample images are needed compared with Nyquist sampling, while the quality of the rendered view remains higher than that of a Nyquist sampled comparison.
[Studies on pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy: levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive products in avian muscular dystrophy].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lipid peroxidation and other free radical reactions are known to disrupt and damage cellular structures and function, and it has been postulated as possible mechanisms of cellular damage of muscular dystrophy because increased levels of thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive products and increased activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were reported in avian muscular dystrophy. We reported that activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were significantly increased in avian muscular dystrophy from the early developmental stage. Since these enzymes protect cellular structures from free radicals and peroxides, increased activities of these enzymes would indicate increased formation of radicals. Then it seems to be important to assay TBA-reactive products which indicate tissue malondialdehyde content, a by-product of lipid peroxidation. We used dystrophic chickens of New Hampshire series line 413 and their controls line 412 for assay of TBA-reactive products. Four or five birds from respective lines were killed by decapitation two weeks, four weeks and four months after hatching. The superficial pectoral muscle was immediately weighed and levels of TBA-reactive products in the muscle homogenate was assayed by fluorophotometry according to the modified method of Ohkawa and Tanizawa. Levels of TBA-reactive products were significantly higher in dystrophic chickens at all stages of development studied than those of the control group. At two weeks of age morphological changes are minimum if present and increased levels of TBA-reactive products cannot be considered as a secondary change of morphological alterations. Therefore, the results indicate involvement of lipid peroxidation damage in pathogenesis of this avian muscular dystrophy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A field method for the determination of total nitrogen in plant tissue

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract While studying sward quality in Kenya, East Africa, we established a field laboratory for the determination of total nitrogen. Using Kjeldahl digestion procedures and an indophenol colorimetric method, we successfully analyzed over 900 plant and fecal samples while living in a tent camp. Variation from one digestion to the next was corrected for by using a grass standard with each digestion. Independent tests by other laboratories verified the accuracy of our methods.
China’s “Economic Miracle” and the Universal Modernization Model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Neoclassical economics relies on highly formalized deductive logic to create an overly simplified picture of economic practices. Its universalized model of modernization assumes that the relationship between state and market is antagonistic. This presumption reduces China’s “economic miracle” to a simple transformation into a market economy and underestimates the role played by the government, making it impossible to construct a theory that considers China’s subjectivity. Studies on China’s economy should focus on its practices, which may appear to be paradoxical if seen only from the perspective of Western neoclassical economics, in order to construct an accurate depiction of the foundations of China’s development experience. Only through such an endeavor will it be possible to incorporate into any new theory of economic modernization the distinctive features of China’s development.
Systems of pronominal enclitics in old russian language of 14th and 15th centuries (with testaments and treaties of princes of North-Eastern Rus’)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Standard Russian language has completely lost the system of pronominal enclitics, but it did exist in Old Russian. This article deals with systems of pronominal enclitics attested in testaments and treaties of princes of North-Eastern Rus’. The main aim of the study is, fi rstly, to identify the range of pronominal enclitics and, secondly, to show diff erences between systems of clitics as refl ected in charts of the 14th and 15th centuries. This article contains brief theoretical information pertaining to the functioning of pronoun enclitics and a detailed analysis of the material of the charts. Its aim is to assess with what frequency enclitical forms of pronouns are replaced with their full-stressed variants, which would evidence the disappearance pronominal enclitics. In the result of the analysis, for each pronominal form an objective index is calculated, the coeffi cient of enclitisation, which allows us to understand on which stage of evolution a certain form and the system on the whole are. It has been discovered that in the mid- 15th century, quite signifi cant changes took place in the system of pronominal enclitics. By this time the enclitic of the dative plural ны was competely lost; the coeffi cient of enclitisation of the dative plural вы was reduced; the enclitics of the accusative singular мя and тя are more and more often replaced with their full-stressed variants. By the end of the 15th century, the system of pronominal clitics is practically lost, only the forms of the dat. pl. ми, ти are frequently used. Besides, the article analyses some examples illustrating the deviation in the order of pronominal enclitics in the phrase.
A New Q2-Bellows Absorber for the PEP-II SLAC B-Factory”, these proceeding

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new Q2-bellows absorber will damp only transverse wake fields and will not produce additional beam losses due to Cherenkov radiation. The design is based on the results of HOM analysis. Geometry of the slots and absorbing tiles was optimized to get maximum absorbing effect.
Self-Confirming Price Prediction for Bidding in Simultaneous Ascending Auctions

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Simultaneous ascending auctions present agents with the exposure problem: bidding to acquire a bundle risks the possibility of obtaining an undesired subset of the goods. Auction theory provides little guidance for dealing with this problem. We present a new family of decisiontheoretic bidding strategies that use probabilistic predictions of final prices. We focus on selfconfirming price distribution predictions, which by definition turn out to be correct when all agents bid decision-theoretically based on them. Bidding based on these is provably not optimal in general, but our experimental evidence indicates the strategy can be quite effective compared to other known methods.
Konfigurasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Terhadap Siasat Dalam Jual Beli Bersyarat

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper departs from the author's academic anxiety regarding the diversity of buying and selling practices with the addition of conditions carried out by some people. The emergence of conditional buying and selling practices is based on debts, but to be able to avoid practices that are prohibited in Islam, that's why legal tactics are carried out. There are two conditional practices that the author presents, the first is conditional buying and selling practices in this case the seller has the right to be able to repurchase the goods from the buyer based on a mutually agreed upon time. The two practices are conditional buying and selling with the strategy of reselling at a cash price but below the buying and selling price carried out with a credit system. This type of research is empirical normative research, with a qualitative descriptive approach. The results in this study when viewed from the pillars of the sale and purchase contract, it can be said that they have been fulfilled. In the first case, this practice, in pure writer's opinion, was carried out on the basis of mutual assistance so that it gave birth to benefits for the parties, as reflected in the parties who made the transaction, no one was harmed. However, in the case of the second buying and selling practice it does not reflect any benefit, because the strategy in this practice is very clear that it is taking advantage of other people's circumstances to gain profit.
Are oxygen and carbon isotopes of mollusc shells reliable palaeosalinity indicators in marginal marine environments? A case study from the Middle Jurassic of England

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Stable isotope analyses of non-luminescent, texturally-pristine oyster calcites (Praexogyra hebridica) are presented from Bathonian inner-ramp limestones in central-eastern England. A relatively large range of values (δ 18 O= –2.0 to +2.3‰ PDB; δ 13 C= +0.9 to +3.7‰ PDB) define a crude positive covariance, which can be regionally correlated with an offshore tonearshore increase in faunal restriction. This palaeoenvironmental stress gradient has previously been interpreted as a consequence of fluctuating nearshore palaeo-salinities, due to episodic or seasonal runoff from surrounding hinterlands. Covariant δ 18 O-δ 13 C trends from euryhaline bivalves are commonly ascribed to regional salinity gradients, the most isotopically depleted examples representing the greatest influence of fresh water. However, Bathonian palaeogeography indictates that the most isotopically-depleted oysters inhabited relatively offshore settings. Assuming an average growth temperature of 25°C, these shells were secreted in near-normal sea water (δ 18 O=+0.4‰ SMOW). In contrast, isotopically heavy oyster calcites were produced in highly evaporated, nearshore lagoonal waters (δ 18 O up to +4.8‰ SMOW). Modelling the oxygen isotope and chemical evolution of residual waters during evaporation suggests that up to 65% of the nearshore water mass was lost, probably in a complex of hydrodynamically choked lagoons. Evaporites were not precipitated in the sediment, and geochemical modelling suggests that the lagoon waters may have been brackish rather than marine in origin. The regional δ 13 C trend is contrary to that predicted on the basis of palaeosalinity and may have resulted from variations in organic carbon production, decay and fixation in early diagenesis.
Reactive sites of the 21-kD protein inhibitor of serine proteinases from potato tubers.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effect of modifications of Met, Arg, and Lys residues on the inhibitory activity of a serine proteinase-inhibiting 21-kD protein from potato tubers has been studied. The data indicate that the 21-kD protein has two independent reactive sites for human leukocyte elastase (or chymotrypsin) and trypsin. It is concluded that the 21-kD inhibitor has Met and Arg residues in the P1 position of the reactive sites responsible for interactions with elastase (or chymotrypsin) and trypsin. It is shown that the 21-kD protein is capable of forming a triple complex binding simultaneously one molecule of trypsin and one molecule of chymotrypsin.
A Study Of Sir/Epdm Mixtures For Outdoor Insulators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with the flashover voltages on samples of silicone rubber/ethylene propylene diene monomer (SiR/EPDM) mixtures under the influence of a uniform electric field. Five different mixtures of SiR/EPDM were investigated. Various SiR/EPDM mixtures (100% EPDM, 10% SiR + 90% EPDM, 30% SiR + 70% EPDM, 50% SiR + 50% EPDM, 70% SiR + 30% EPDM, 90% SiR + 10% EPDM, 100% SiR) were tested for different water droplet arrangements, different water conductivities, different droplet volumes as well as different droplet positioning w.r.t. the electrodes. The 50% SiR + 50% EPDM mixture proved to be the best mixture regarding the flashover voltage.
Mesoscale and local climates in New Zealand

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

New Zealand is a country of marked local and regional environmental variability. The complexity of the terrain and significant relief of this island nation surrounded by extensive areas of ocean produce rapid changes of climate over relatively short distances. This article provides a selective review of recent research into the mesoscale and local climates of this interestingly varied environment. Research completed on energy budgets of the varying surface types provides the starting point for an assessment of thermal effects on the atmospheric boundary layer and airflow. The dynamic effects of surface topography are also seen to have a major impact on regional and local airflow patterns, as well as on mesoscale variations of convection and precipitation. It is clear that the interaction of mid-latitude synoptic weather systems with the mountains of New Zealand produces distinct patterns of wind and rainfall that have a major impact on the physical and human environment of the country. The föhn nor'wester and southerly changes are significant local meteorological phenomena, while mesoscale climate processes are increasingly recognized as important for agricultural activities, the management of hydrological systems and in dealing with environmental problems such as air pollution.
A Stochastic Radial Point Interpolation Method for Wideband Uncertainty Analysis

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this letter, a time-domain stochastic radial point interpolation method (SRPIM) is developed for uncertainty quantification of electromagnetic systems. Derivatives of field quantities in Maxwell's equations are obtained using radial basis function, and stochasticity in the dielectric constant of a part of the model space is incorporated into this formulation. This is validated using the numerical example of a parallel-plate waveguide with dielectrics inside, which is implemented using uniaxial perfectly matched boundary layers. The stochastic variations in the computed field in the time domain and the transmission coefficient in the frequency domain are evaluated. Accuracy of these simulation results is validated using Kolmogorov Smirnov test, with Monte Carlo (MC) simulation as the reference. The computation time of the proposed method is found to be significantly better than MC and superior to stochastic collocation. The proposed method performs better even for large variations. Â© 2002-2011 IEEE.
In vitro embryo production in small ruminants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper reviews the technical bases of in vitro embryo production in small ruminants with special attention to the results obtained by our group in Northeastern Brazil. The laparoscopic oocyte recovery in hormonally treated live animals indicates a promising future for the application of this technique to genetic improvement program. New molecular biology tools should provide information to improve the efficiency of in vitro maturation. Furthers efforts have to be made to improve the oocyte maturation and to standardize the semen-capacitating process.
Transforming Development through Just Communities

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This chapter describes evolution of the author's personal and professional experiences as a Psychologist, exploring shared development throughout life as impeded by societal inequality and blossoming through collective strivings for justice. Drawing on concepts in adult development and aging of reminiscence as "time travel," the chapter uses personal narrative and critical reflexivity to explore how this approach to knowledge for social change emerged from lived experiences as a daughter and granddaughter of Eastern European Jewish immigrants to Cuba, who left for the United States after the Cuban revolution and struggled to protect family continuity and survival through multiple uprootings. The author describes changing impacts of her own life-course development as interwoven with changes in the field of Psychology, in her evolving writing and advocacy towards achieving culturally sensitive gender equity, and in her multiple roles as clinician, practice-based researcher, teacher, and advocate. A recent experience facing a cancer diagnosis and intensive treatment has offered the opportunity to continue learning from challenging experiences while contributing to knowledge across disciplines of how cultural resources and the shared work of creating just communities expand collective abilities to grow, thrive, and transform ourselves and our environments towards justice as foundational to health and healing.
Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 31

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 31: A Diversity of Paradigms showcases two approaches to the socio-scientific study of religion. It includes a special section within which authors draw on data collected about congregational life in the Australian National Church Life Surveys (from 1991 to present). These studies give voice to minority groups and children. While findings include the strengths of ethnic diversity and the positive experiences of young churchgoers, they also highlight that full inclusion in local church life is far from being realized. A second section explores the application of feminist approaches within the sociology of religion. In their struggle for equality for women, feminist scholars developed methodologies to challenge the marginality of any ‘othered’ group. This section showcases how use of these methods challenges hierarchies within knowledge.
Image to LIDAR matching for geotagging in urban environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a novel method for matching ground-based query images to a georeferenced LIDAR 3D dataset acquired from an airborne platform in urban environments. We are addressing two main technical challenges: (i) different modalities between the query and the reference data (electro-optical vs. LIDAR) that impose unique challenges to the matching problem; (ii) very different viewing directions from which the query, respectively the LIDAR data were acquired. We make two main technical contributions in this paper. First, we present a method for automatically extracting features from LIDAR data that largely remain invariant to the projection in a 2D image and thus allow robust matching across modalities and change in viewpoint. Second, we describe a matching technique that finds the best 3D pose that relates the query input image to a rendered image of the 3D models. We present results of matching images to high-resolution LIDAR data covering five square kilometers over a city that demonstrate the power of the matching method proposed.
Summer Algal Flora of Uninhabited Islands in Dochodo, Southwestern Coast of Korea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

서 론 해조류는 해양생태계에 있어서 생산자로서의 역할 뿐만 아니라 연안에 서식하는 어패류의 산란, 서식 및 먹이 제공 원으로써 크게 기여하고 있으며, 이외에도 식용, 공업용 원 료
[Primary germinal tumors of the central nervous system].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary intra-cranial germ-cell tumors are a rare and heterogeneous group of neoplasms, identical to germ-cell tumors of gonads and other organs. These tumors arise along the midline, from the supra-sellar cistern to the pineal gland, and have neurological, ophthalmological, and endocrinological expression. The diagnosis is established by detection of increased levels of tumoral markers and/or by histological examination. The treatment includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery.