jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chitosan membrane based mach zehnder and michelson interferometer with waist enlarged fusion taper for pH measurement.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Many innovators have focused on fiber optic development for pH sensing because real time measuring of pH of blood is critical for the patient who is seriously ill. Among many medical biosensors, optical fiber for pH sensors belong many good points above all medical sensors. Especially, fiber optic can be used very safely for in vivo use because of their good point that no electrical currents can pass though them. Electromagnetic interference does not give any effect to fiber optic sensors.
Manufacturing Innovation as Spatial Culture

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter presents space syntax methodology to provide a configurational analysis of the relationship between Sheffield's street network and the spatial distribution of the city's cutlery industry from the late eighteenth century to provide a precise urban-scale description of what P. Hall refers to as an 'innovative milieu' of industrial production. It addresses this issue by developing B. Hillier's notion of urban 'spatial cultures' as a holistic conceptualisation of how the everyday spaces of urban life in Sheffield also became implicated in the long-term success of its cutlery industry. Yet the conservatism of Sheffield's cutlery manufacturers is implicated in the protracted, though relative, decline of the cutlery industry from the 1870s. The idea of manufacturing creativity as an emergent social phenomenon in urban spatial cultures is implied by A. Marshall's famous dictum that the mysteries of an industry are found 'as it were in the air' of a city, to the extent that they may be learnt 'unconsciously' by children.
Diagnosis and Management of Rheumatic Diseases in Older Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The young and the old move differently, yet there are standards of normality for each. Chronic diseases of the joints, with their concomitant stiffness and pain, cause more fear of an impending crippling disability and loss of life space and content than actual pain and stiffness. Thus, a prime goal of physicians who treat patients who have chronic musculoskeletal diseases is to allay this fear by correcting misconceptions about arthritic diseases. Drug therapy can relieve the pain and stiffness and control the inflammation that causes these symptoms. Important aspects of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and polymyalgia rheumatica, a closely related disorder, are emphasized to point out the difficulty of the differential diagnosis of these diseases in older patients and the need for realistic therapeutic goals. A combination‐drug regimen, with a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug for alleviation of pain and control of inflammation and an analgesic drug for relief of residual pain, is the drug therapy of choice within the context of a total management program. By addressing both the physiologic and the psychologic aspects of musculoskeletal disease, physicians can help patients lead more active and useful lives.
Majocchi’s Granuloma after Topical Corticosteroids Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Majocchi’s granuloma (MG) is an unusual but not rare dermatophyte infection of dermal and subcutaneous tissues. Dermatophytes usually result in the infections of hair, epidermis, and nail, and are rarely involved in deep cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. Now it is considered that MG includes two forms: one is a small perifollicular papular form and the other is a deep subcutaneous nodular form; the front one mainly occurs in healthy individuals and the latter one usually presents in immunocompromised hosts. The clinical manifestations of MG are many and varied, except the common presentations of erythema, papule and nodules, and Kaposi sarcoma-like and molluscum-like lesions have been reported in literatures (Kim et al. (2011), Bord et al. (2007), and Lillis et al. (2010)). This characteristic induces the difficulty of diagnosis, and thus it is so important and necessary to make direct microscopical and histological examinations. We describe a case of MG over the face in a patient who had been treated with topical corticosteroids over a long time.
Technical committees

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

When the electric field strength around an electrode is high enough, complex ionization processes take place in the air nearby, leading to the discharge phenomena known as corona [1]. The occurrence of discharge, as shown in Figure 1, can cause audible noise (AN), radio frequency interference (RFI), and corona loss (CL) which should be minimized for economic reasons [2–3]. Due to its adverse effects, it becomes an important consideration in the design and operation of ultra-high voltage (UHV) AC and DC transmission lines and other electrical devices [4]. On the other hand, when the discharge occurs, an ionic wind can be formed as air ions are accelerated by the electric field and exchange momentum with neutral air molecules. As there is no noise and in fact no moving parts at all, it offers an attractive method to cool down electronic devices such as the iPad [5–6]. The latest application of air discharge was achieved by MIT engineers who built and flew the first ever plane which was propelled only by the ionic wind instead of fossil fuels [7]. The study of discharge in air can date back to the middle of the 20th century by Meek, Raether, and Loeb [8–9]. However, because of the complexity of this problem, investigation of the discharge mechanism has continued up to the present day [10–12]. As a good understanding of the basic processes involved is essential to utilize or prevent the discharge, especially for the UHV projects which are being built in China, India, and many other countries, it is still of great importance to further investigate the discharge phenomena in air.
Foamed aggregate pervious concrete – an option for road on peat

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Foamed aggregate is a novel controlled density material developed for road construction on peat. This paper reports recent findings of the mix design and test method of pervious concrete. The high porosity allows water to pass through it, thereby allowing the recharging of water into designated retention ponds. Road on peat are designed to be above the most frequent flood levels. The water permeability of the concrete was determined with constant head water permeability test. The study is to establish an economical method for construction on problematic soils. The proprietary foamed aggregate of density between 900kg/m 3 -1200 kg/m 3 was experimented. Since controlled density foamed aggregate is designed to co-exist with peat, a more durable road with less maintenance is expected. The self leveling foamed concrete of density about 1200 kg/m 3 is to be placed on the foamed aggregate with tyres and geosynthetics as a special provision for lateral restraint. It is hoped that more intensified research into the exploitation of used tyres for sustainable construction on problematic soil will lead to improved quality of life and conservation of the environment.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2‐Dichlorovinylsulfonylacetic Acid in Reactions with Diamines, Amino Alcohols and Amino Thiols.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Distal Shunt Migration; A Case Series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ventriculoperitoneal shunts are one of the commonest surgical procedures performed in neurosurgery and the most commonly used method to treat hydrocephalus worldwide. The mechanical complication of shunt migration is a rare event roughly noted in 1 in 1000 patients who have undergone a shunt procedure. Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt migration to mouth, thorax, transdiaphragmatic, heart, pulmonary artery, breast, stomach, gallbladder, liver, small bowel, umbilicus, colon, inguinal hernia sac, bladder, vagina, anus, and scrotum have been reported in the literature.
Direct Gaze Holds Attention, but Not in Individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The attentional response to eye-gaze stimuli is still largely unexplored in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we focused on an attentional phenomenon according to which a direct-gaze face can hold attention in a perceiver. Individuals with OCD and a group of matched healthy controls were asked to discriminate, through a speeded manual response, a peripheral target. Meanwhile, a task-irrelevant face displaying either direct gaze (in the eye-contact condition) or averted gaze (in the no-eye-contact condition) was also presented at the centre of the screen. Overall, the latencies were slower for faces with direct gaze than for faces with averted gaze; however, this difference was reliable in the healthy control group but not in the OCD group. This suggests the presence of an unusual attentional response to direct gaze in this clinical population.
STAR-RIS Integrated Nonorthogonal Multiple Access and Over-the-Air Federated Learning: Framework, Analysis, and Optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper integrates non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and over-the-air federated learning (AirFL) into a unified framework using one simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS). The STAR-RIS plays an important role in adjusting the decoding order of hybrid users for efficient interference mitigation and omni-directional coverage extension. To capture the impact of non-ideal wireless channels on AirFL, a closed-form expression for the optimality gap (a.k.a. convergence upper bound) between the actual loss and the optimal loss is derived. This analysis reveals that the learning performance is significantly affected by the active and passive beamforming schemes as well as wireless noise. Furthermore, when the learning rate diminishes as the training proceeds, the optimality gap is explicitly shown to converge with linear rate. To accelerate convergence while satisfying quality-of-service requirements, a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem is formulated by jointly designing the transmit power at users and the configuration mode of STAR-RIS. Next, a trust region-based successive convex approximation method and a penalty-based semidefinite relaxation approach are proposed to handle the decoupled non-convex subproblems iteratively. An alternating optimization algorithm is then developed to find a suboptimal solution for the original MINLP problem. Extensive simulation results show that i) the proposed framework can efficiently support NOMA and AirFL users via concurrent uplink communications, ii) our algorithms achieve faster convergence rate on IID and non-IID settings compared to existing baselines, and iii) both the spectrum efficiency and learning performance is significantly improved with the aid of the well-tuned STAR-RIS.
Quantum supersymmetric FRW cosmology with a scalar field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We analyze the quantum supersymmetric cosmological FRW model with a scalar\nfield, with a conditional probability density and the scalar field identified\nas time. The Hilbert space has a spinorial structure and there is only one\nconsistent solution, with a conserved probability density. The dynamics of the\nscale factor is obtained from its mean value. The uncertainty relations are\nfulfilled and the corresponding fluctuations are consistent with a\nsemiclassical Universe. We give two examples which turn out to have negative\npotential.\n
Strengths-based teaching and learning approaches for children: Perceptions and practices

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The development of children’s strengths is essential for their success at school. Processes that assist children to recognise and act on their strengths, collectively referred to as “strengths-based approaches” in this study, are one aspect in the relatively new field of positive education that have been adopted enthusiastically by teachers for their reported constructive purpose and focus on improving student achievement and wellbeing outcomes. In recent years, however, the use of strengths-based approaches in New Zealand schools has moved beyond that warranted by the limited research base. In this study, qualitative data were collected to report on the perceptions and practices of common strengths-based teaching and learning approaches, as described by children, parents and teachers in a New Zealand primary school. Three separate sets of data were collected using a case study approach. The first data set involved 16 ten-year-old children; the second data set involved 15 parents of the child participants; and finally, five teachers of the children involved in the research were participants in the third data set. In light of the paucity of New Zealand studies in strengths-based teaching and learning approaches for children, this study aims to contribute to the knowledge in these areas and identify topics that warrant further investigation.
Universal balancing method of flying capacitor converters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes novel method of balancing of multi-level flying capacitor converters. The proposed balancing block is placed behind PWM modulator instead of balancing table and it is independent on type of modulator nor number of levels. The method was simulated in ModelSIM and PLECS/Simulink and implemented in VHDL to FPGA. Function of the proposed algorithm was verified on the real seven level flying capacitor converter with three phase asynchronous machine.
Treatment of Localized Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of Bone in Children: A Pediatric Oncology Group Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: The treatment of primary lymphoma of bone (PLB) in children has traditionally included radiotherapy to the primary site; more recently, it has included systemic chemotherapy. Because of concern about the untoward effects of treatment in a disease that is curable, we attempted to determine whether radiotherapy can be safely excluded from treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The results of three consecutive Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) studies were examined to determine the impact on outcome of radiotherapy as adjunctive treatment in children and adolescents receiving chemotherapy for early-stage primary lymphoma of bone. RESULTS: From 1983 to 1997, 31 patients with localized PLB were entered onto POG studies of early-stage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Between 1983 and 1986, seven patients were treated with 8 months of chemotherapy with irradiation (XRT) of the primary site. After 1986, patients were treated without XRT; four received 8 months of chemotherapy, and 20 received 9 weeks of chemotherapy. Primary sites were the femur (nine), tibia (eight), mandible (five), mastoid (one), maxilla (one), zygomatic arch (one), rib (one), clavicle (one), scapula (one), ulna (one), talus (one), and calcaneous (one). Histologic classification revealed 21 cases of large-cell lymphoma, five cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma, two cases of small, noncleaved-cell lymphoma, and three cases of NHL that could not be classified further. One patient relapsed at a distant site 22 months after completion of therapy. There have been no deaths. CONCLUSION: Localized PLB is curable in most children and adolescents with a 9-week chemotherapy regimen of modest intensity, and radiotherapy is an unnecessary adjunct.
Subclinical mastitis in dairy camels in Algeria: Comparison of screening tests

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to determine a threshold values and to assess the effectiveness of four indirect tests for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy camels comparing with bacteriological culture. One hundred fifty three milk samples from 17 lactating camels were subjected to bacteriological culture, where 84 milk samples were positive, 47 were negative and 22 samples were considered as contaminated. A total of 131 milk samples were screened by pH, electrical conductivity (EC), California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC). The good combination of sensitivity and specificity were obtained with a threshold of 6.55, 7.2 mS/cm, score trace was considered as CMT (+) and 240 000 cells/ml for the four tests, respectively. The sensitivity of the SCC, pH, EC and CMT was 72.61, 66.66, 47.61 and 39.28 %; the specificity 70.21, 38.02, 59.57 and 72.34 %; percentage accuracy 71.75, 51.14, 51.90 and 51.14 %; and positive predictive value 81.33, 47.61, 67.79 and 71.73 %, respectively. The SCC was significantly correlated with bacteriological culture (r = 0.415, p < 0.05). Kappa value of SCC was higher than that of other tests (SCC > CMT > EC > pH). In conclusion, the results suggest that the SCC was the most accurate, reliable, diagnostic method compared to other tests used in this study after cultural isolation for the detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy camel under field conditions.
Modeling the acoustic correlates of expressive elements in text genres for expressive text-to-speech synthesis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a novel approach for describing the expressive elements in text genres and modeling their acoustic correlates for expressive text-to-speech synthesis (TTS).We apply the three-dimensional PAD (pleasure-displeasure, arousal-nonarousal and dominance-submissiveness) model in describing expressivity.In particular, we define a set of principles for annotating the P and A values of prosodic words found in texts from the tourist information domain.These text passages may be categorized into the descriptive genre (e.g.describing a beautiful scenic spot), the informative genre (e.g.presenting the opening hours of a museum) and the procedural genre (e.g.offering bus routes to a landmark).We choose the prosodic word as the basic unit for analysis since it bridges textual input with (synthetic) speech output.Analysis of contrastive (neutral versus expressive) recordings uncovers the acoustic correlates of annotated P and A values.This enables us to develop a non-linear model that can transform neutral speech to resemble expressive speech, according to the P and A values of the input text.Perceptual evaluation of the speech outputs shows that over 70% of the prosodic words carry appropriate expressivity.
Loved As-Is: How God Salience Lowers Interest in Self-Improvement Products

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Consumers often desire to become better versions of themselves. Reflecting this interest in self-improvement, the marketplace offers consumers a wide range of products and services that promise to improve or better the consumer in some way. But, in a world with unlimited opportunities to spend one’s time and money, what influences whether consumers will invest in products that enable self-improvement? We demonstrate that the degree to which God is salient has a negative effect on individuals’ preferences for consumption choices with self-improvement features compared to equally attractive options that do not include such features. We propose that this is because thoughts of God activate a greater sense of being loved for who you are (“loved ‘as-is’”), making self-improvement a lower priority. We demonstrate this basic effect across several experiments as well as archival data, provide process evidence through mediation and moderation, and address alternative explanations. We also identify important boundary conditions: God salience is less likely to decrease interest in self-improvement products when consumers do not believe in God, and when God is considered to be a punishing (vs. loving) entity.
The management of tennis elbow

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Linda S Chesterton, Christian D Mallen, Elaine M HayArthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UKDate of preparation: April 21, 2011Conflict of interest: None declaredClinical question: What is the best treatment for tennis elbow?Results: Despite a wealth of research, there is no true consensus on the most efficacious management of tennis elbow especially for effective long-term outcomes. Corticosteroid injections do show large pain-relieving effects in the short term but are associated with risks of adverse events and long-term reoccurrence. Advice with a &ldquo;wait and see&rdquo; approach is recommended as the first-line treatment in primary care for most cases. In the medium term physiotherapy and or low-level laser therapy may be effective.Implementation: Rule out alternative diagnosis. Onward referral may be indicated if the condition does not resolve after 12 months.Keywords: tennis elbow, corticosteroids, physiotherapy, laser therapy
Group B streptococci in milk and late neonatal infections: an analysis of cases in the literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The source for late-onset neonatal infections (LONI) due to group B Streptococcus (GBS) has not been fully explored. We reviewed GBS LONI cases associated with contaminated breast milk to determine whether breast milk was a possible route for neonatal infection. Data sources A PubMed search from January 1977 to March 2013 was performed with MeSH words “ Stre ptococcus agalactiae ”, “group B Streptococcus ”, “infection”, “milk”, “human”, “late-onset infection” and/or “neonate”; relevant cross references were also reviewed. Results Forty-eight documented cases of GBS LONI matched our search criteria and were retrieved from the literature. When performed, molecular typing identified clonal isolates in the neonate and milk samples taken after LONI in all cases, with the hypervirulent sequence type 17 (ST-17) clone identified in two of these cases. Caesarean delivery combined with the absence of GBS recovery from maternal samples other than milk was noted for four cases. The rate of recurrent infections was high (35%) and, together with the data reviewed, points to a potential role of breast milk in GBS LONI. Conclusions The cases reviewed here, together with the evidence of breast milk transmission for other pathogens, suggest that breast milk, which would account for repeated GBS transmission to the neonate, may favour gut translocation and subsequent LONI. Further investigations are nevertheless needed to study the relative importance of this contamination route compared with persistent postnatal gut colonisation and the dynamics of milk and neonatal gut colonisation.
Preeclampsia, trisomy 13, and the placental bed.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Genetic predisposition and abnormal trophoblastic function are thought to contribute to the development of preeclampsia. A multipara developed severe preeclampsia and subsequently delivered a live growth-retarded infant with trisomy 13. Biopsy of the placental bed taken immediately after delivery demonstrated inadequate trophoblastic remodeling of the maternal uterine vasculature, with an absence of normal physiologic changes in the spiral arteries. This case suggests that fetal trisomy 13 can be associated with preeclampsia in multiparous women and that abnormal trophoblastic invasion may contribute to the pathophysiology.