jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nocturnal Habitat Selection During Spring Migration by American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) in Central Kentucky

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

American woodcock (Scolopax minor) have experienced long-term population declines due to habitat loss. While significant research has occurred on breeding and wintering grounds, little is known about spring migratory ecology. This study assessed nocturnal roosting habitat of American woodcock through the use of night spotlighting techniques. The study was conducted on the Blue Grass Army Depot and the Central Kentucky Wildlife Management Area, both located in Madison County, Kentucky. A total of 84 field, 421 ha, of four habitat types, burned, grazed, hayed, old/fallow, were searched for woodcock. Roost sites were marked and the vegetation of each site was compared between age classes, sexes, and between occupied and random unoccupied locations. The following vegetation parameters were assessed: percent cover (bare soil, grass, forbs/gramanoids, shrub/sapling/vine, and litter), litter depth, dominant plant height, dominant plant species, distance to escape cover, and percent vertical cover. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between sexes or age classes for any of the habitat variables assessed. Logistic regression analysis indicated the best predicators of whether a woodcock would be present at a roost site were percent bare, grass, graminoids, and woody vegetation, litter depth, dominant height of vegetation, distance to escape cover, visual obstruction of escape cover from 0-20cm, and distance to field edge. To predict density of woodcocks in each field I used step-wise regression analysis, which indicated the best model for predicting woodcock density per field incorporated percent litter at roost site, litter depth, distance to escape cover, visual obstruction of escape cover from 0-20 cm, and visual obstruction of escape cover from 50-100cm. Woodcock selected fields and roost sites with varying heights of vegetation that satisfied ecological needs during spring migration, i.e. resting, loafing, breeding, foraging, predator and weather avoidance.
Competitive Reactions in Solutions of Poly-l-histidine, Calf Thymus DNA, and Synthetic Polyanions:  Determining the Binding Constants of Polyelectrolytes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The physicochemical characteristics of a nonviral gene delivery system will govern its functional bioactivity; however, empiricism dominates the literature in this field, and a significant deficiency of quantitative investigation and evaluation of nonviral gene delivery vehicles remains. Herein, we derive a physical model and experimental method to quantitatively determine the binding constants between a model polycationic nonviral gene delivery vehicle poly-L-histidine (PLH) and calf thymus DNA. The approach has utility to a variety of systems and is not limited to the described polymer model. The interaction of PLH with DNA was monitored by fluorescence quenching of an ethidium bromide probe in the pH range 4 to 8. The interaction increased with pH decrease with the most pronounced change between pH 6 and 7. The obtained pH-dependence of fraction of salt bonds formed between PLH and DNA was used to estimate pK(a) of PLH in the presence of DNA, which equaled 6.24. The interaction of PLH with DNA in the presence of added synthetic polyanions was studied by the same approach and found to be controlled by pH, nature of the charge groups of the polyanion, and its degree of polymerization. In the mixture with sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) the interaction was negligible in the whole studied pH range, whereas in the mixtures with sodium poly(acrylate) (PA) or sodium poly(methacrylate), DNA was able to compete effectively for the binding with PLH. For PA samples with degree of polymerization higher than degree of polymerization of PLH, DP(PA) > DP(PLH), the fraction of polycation bound to DNA was constant regardless of DP(PA.) In contrast, at DP(PA) < DP(PLH), a pronounced increase in the bound fraction was observed. It substantiates the notion that the binding energy of two polymers is mainly controlled by the DP of the shorter component of polyelectrolyte complex. The data on PLH distribution between DNA and added polyanion with different values of DP were treated according to the developed procedure to yield the effective binding constants of PLH with DNA and polyanion-competitor, calculated both per mole of interacting units K(1) and mole of interacting chains K(n). In all cases, K(1) had similar numerical values reflecting common type of interaction stabilizing the complexes, i.e., electrostatics. Slight variation of K(1) yielded in drastic changes in K(n) and alteration of dominance of PLH interaction with DNA or synthetic polyanion. The results of the study can have a high impact in deriving the correlation between the binding constant of a polycation to DNA and its ability to serve as gene delivery vehicle.
Vision Influence on Whole‐Body Human Vibration Comfort Levels

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The well being of people needs to be a priority in the modern world. In that respect, vibration cannot be one more cause of stress. Besides that, vibration comfort is very important, since high levels may cause health or even tasks′ accomplishment problems. Several parameters may influence the levels of vibration a human being supports. Among them, one can mention the influence of gender, age, corporeal mass index (CMI), temperature, humor, anxiety, hearing, posture, vision, etc. The first three parameters mentioned were already investigated in previous studies undertaken by GRAVI (Group of Acoustics and Vibration) researchers. In this paper, the influence of vision is evaluated. The main objective with this series of tests performed is to try to quantify in a future the influence of each parameter in a global vibration comfort level. Conclusions are presented for the parameter investigated.
Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: What's New?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since 2004, fetoscopy laser has become the stan- dard treatment of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. Howe- ver, the technique has evolved from selective to non- selective coagulation and finally achieving with a novel sur- gery technique that uses laser coagulation of the entire vas- cular equator (Solomon technique). This technique decrea- ses the rate of severe complications such as twin anemia polycythaemia sequence or recurrent twin-to-twin transfu- sion syndrome.
The relationship between body dysmorphic disorder symptoms and self‐construals

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Cognitive models of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) suggest that beliefs and evaluations related to self-concept are central to the maintenance of the disorder, but such beliefs have received little empirical attention. This study examined the relative importance of contingent self-worth and self-ambivalence to BDD symptoms in comparison to their importance to obsessive-compulsive disorder and social phobia symptoms. Method: The sample comprised 194 non-clinical participants (female, N = 148; males, N = 46) with a mean age of 24.70 years (standard deviation = 9.34). Participants were asked to complete a battery of self-report questionnaires. Results: While significant relationships were found between the self-beliefs and symptoms of all three disorders, some specificity was found in the relationships. Conclusions: Self-worth based upon appearance was most important in BDD, while contingent self-worth based on the approval of others was important in social phobia. Self-ambivalence was associated with each disorder. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Superplurals in English

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is now widely believed among philosophers and logicians that ordinary English contains plural terms that may refer to several things at once. But are there terms that stand to ordinary plural terms the way ordinary plural terms stand to singular terms? Let's call such terms superplural. A superplural term would thus, loosely speaking, refer to several “pluralities” at once. It is reasonably straightforward to devise a formal logic of superplural terms, superplural predicates, and even superplural quantifiers (Rayo 2006). But does this formal logic reflect any features of natural languages? In particular, does ordinary English contain superplural terms and predicates? The purpose of this note is to address these questions. We examine some earlier arguments for the existence of superplural expressions in English, and find these arguments to be either inconclusive or not sufficiently far-reaching. Then we present some better examples of the superplural in ordinary English.
The Effect of Decidual Microenvironment on Dendritic Cell Function in Normal Pregnancy and Abortion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Decidua as maternal-fetal contact surface has a completely different immunological environment from the maternal peripheral blood. The present study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of molecules secreted by decidual cells on dendritic cells (DCs) function in abortion-prone compared with non-abortion-prone mice. Materials and Methods: The decidual cell supernatants (DS) were obtained from abortion and non-abortion mouse models. Splenic DCs were treated with antigen and DS. Treated DCs were injected into mice palms. After 5 days, draining lymph nodes were removed, cultured in the presence of cognate antigen, and proliferation of lymphocyte cells was measured by 3H-thymidin incorporation. Results: Our results showed that immunosuppressive activity of DS from non-abortion-prone mice significantly decrease dendritic cells' ability to stimulate lymphocytes proliferation compared with DS from abortion-prone mice (Simulation index (SI) of 4.93 ± 0.34 versus 11.84 ± 0.79).We, also found that DS prepared from non-resorption sites compared with DS from resorption sites in abortion-prone mice had increased immunosuppressive activity on DC function (SI of 7.31 ± 1.02 versus 2.67 ± 0.49). Conclusion: We concluded that immunomodulatory activity of molecules secreted within decidual tissue is different between abortion-prone and non-abortion-prone mice. We claimed that these molecules, through modulation of DCs function, play crucial role on pregnancy outcome.
Comparison of Inductor Machines With Different Types of Excitation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work is aimed to the comparison of inductor machines with three different types of excitations: permanent magnets, copper field winding, and high-temperature field winding. Here the results of electromagnetic calculations of considered magnetic system are presented analyzed. We study the distribution of magnetic field in magnetic system of machine and torque characteristics. The presented static characteristics make it possible to evaluate the possibility and efficiency of using the HTS winding as an excitation in an electric machine intended for a flywheel energy storage.
Growth of young vertebrates in the egg or uterus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In eutherian mammals, foetal growth shows a straight‐line relationship between time and cube root of foetal weight. The same relationship has now been found to hold for the embryos in birds' eggs and is postulated for reptiles. In marsupials the specific foetal growth rate does not exceed that already known for the higher primates. Outside the eutherian mammals, only the birds have developed high embryonic growth rates, but in exchange for other disadvantages.
Local antiviral activity of the drug «Thymogen®», nasal dosed spray, against SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus <i>in vitro</i>

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

On account of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global pharmaceutical industry has achieved impressive results in the development and introduction of various types of vaccines causing the formation of acquired immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus into clinical practice. However, none of them currently show the declared one hundred percent guarantee of protection. In the case of the COVID-19 disease, patients with concomitant pathologies are the most vulnerable to the occurrence of severe complications. The aerosol route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 contributes to the emergence of outbreaks of the new coronavirus infection in crowded places and closed rooms with poor ventilation. In this regard, an urgent problem is the search for drugs with local antiviral activity, which, together with restrictive measures and mask wearing policy, can potentially reduce the likelihood of contracting coronavirus. In this experimental in vitro study on Vero CCL81 cell culture (ATCC), the local antiviral activity of the drug Thymogen ® spray against the SARS-CoV-2 virus was studied in comparison with the antiseptic Miramistin® solution. As a result of the experiment, no toxic effects on Vero cells were detected in the drugs in the studied concentrations. In a series of experiments, Thymogen ® spray showed local antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 when the virus titer was 5,2 lg TCID50. Therefore, the drug Thymogen ® dosed nasal spray has high potential as a topical drug for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 disease, which requires additional confirmation in relevant clinical studies.
Reaction of a Nitrosyl Complex of Co(II)‐Porphyrin with Hydrogen Peroxide: Formation of a Porphyrin Radical Cation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A nitrosyl complex of Co(II)‐porphyrinate, [Co II (TTMPP 2− )(NO)], 1 [TTMPPH 2 =5,10,15,20‐ tetrakis (3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)porphyrin] having {Co(NO)} 8 configuration has been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically as well as structurally. Complex 1 in dichloromethane:acetonitrile (1 : 4, v/v) solution at −40 °C reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) to result in the corresponding nitrite (NO 2 − ) complex, [Co III (TTMPP 2− )(NO 2 − )], 2 . The formation of a Co(III)‐peroxynitrite intermediate is presumed in this reaction based on the characteristic phenol ring nitration test. From spectroscopic studies, formation of [Co IV =O] species followed by a Co(III)‐porphyrin radical complex was observed during the course of the reaction.
STUDIES TOWARD AN IMPROVED RADIOACTIVE IONIZATION GAGE FOR MEASUREMENT OF EXTREME ALTITUDE AND VELOCITES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The continued development of a radioactive ionization pressure gage head and associated readout circuit for the measurement of pitot and static pressures encountered in flight over an altitude range from 0 to 300,000 ft and Mach number range from-0 to 7 is described. A preliminary cir cuit of a pulse type readout was developed which was capable of measuring the ionization current output from the gage head over a range of five decades without swithing. A wind tunnel program was conducted to determine static pressure port locations on the X-15 aircraft which are independent of angle of attack at M = 6.8. The results are presented in grapical form, and suitable locations are recommended. Analytical studies were made to determine the time response of various gage volume and connecting tubing combinations, such as would be used in aircraft applications. The effects of thermal transpiration were also investigated. (auth)
Situation analysis study establishes baseline for future assessment of progress in Senegal.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A situation analysis study was conducted by the National Family Planning Program of the Senegalese Ministry of Health and Social Action, with technical assistance from the Population Council's Africa OR/TA Project II, to evaluate the availability, functioning, and quality of family planning (FP) services at all 180 functional Service Delivery Points (SDPs) of Senegal's ten regions. Almost one-third of the SDPs had not received a supervisory visit in the seven months prior to the study, and an additional one-fifth had had no supervisory visits at all. 6% had written job descriptions for their personnel, 8% had a plan of activities, and 2% had an objective in terms of the number of clients to serve. Clinic infrastructure was generally satisfactory, although electricity and water were lacking in 30% of SDPs in rural areas. Six out of 87 SDPs in the urban sector had the minimum equipment needed. The majority of FP providers were midwives whose formal training had been limited to the management of pills and IUDs; 32% of providers had no training in administering injectables. Information, education, and communication materials were unavailable at most SDPs. 6% featured FP talks on site on the day of the research visit; six out of ten lacked a visible sign indicating the availability of FP services. On average, FP services were available four days a week, but 53% of the SDPs started services an hour late on the day of the research visit, and many were limited to four hours of service per day. 67% provided injectables, and 78% supplied IUDs. Inadequate management of contraceptive stock was partly responsible for method shortages. Records were incomplete. 81% of new clients had access to and obtained their preferred contraceptive method; however, other appropriate methods were not discussed during consultations, and counseling on method side effects was inadequate. 56% of new clients were asked about their reproductive intentions. Counseling regarding sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was practically nonexistent. Health problems found during FP consultations were rarely addressed. Non-medical barriers to the utilization of contraceptive methods existed in terms of age, parity, and marital status. Client waiting time was long, while consultation time was short. Most women had follow-up dates on their identification cards; 95% were told to return for supplies. The majority of clients were generally satisfied.
A Bibliography of Articles Published in Bodhi: An Interdisciplinary Journal

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article is a bibliograpic review, analysis, interpretation and discussion of Bodhi: An Interdisciplinary Journal, published by Kathmandu University (KU) from 2007 to 2023. During its 16-year journey, Bodhi, over nine issues, published 119 articles by scholars and researchers from various disciplines, particularly Humanities and Social Sciences.
Glass-Forming Organic Semiconductors for Optoelectronics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Organic electronics and optoelectronics are newly emerging fields of science and technology that cover chemistry, physics, and materials science. Electronic and optoelectronic devices using organic materials are attractive because of the materials characteristics, potentially low cost, and capability of large-area, flexible device fabrication. Such devices as OLEDs, OPVs, and OFETs involve charge transport as a main process in their operation processes, and therefore, require high-performance charge-transporting materials. This review article focuses on charge-transporting materials for use in OLEDs, OPVs, and OFETs. We have tried to arrange the charge-transporting materials in order by classifying them on the basis of their molecular structures. Molecular design concepts for charge-transporting materials and their charge-transport properties are discussed. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.4.767
The effect of level of feeding on the response of lactating ewes to dietary supplements of fish meal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Thirty-six individually-penned ewes (mean live weight 69 kg), each suckling two lambs, were given one of three diets containing either 128 (low), 155 (medium) or 186 (high) g crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter. All diets contained (g/kg), milled hay, 570; molasses, 95; and a barley/fish meal concentrate, 330. The three protein concentrations were achieved by adjusting the proportions of barley and fish meal in the concentrate. Each diet was given at daily metabolizable energy (ME) intakes of 19, 23 and 27 MJ. Mean daily yields of milk in weeks 3 to 8 of lactation for ewes given the diet with the low concentration of crude protein increased from 2·32 kg at 19 MJ ME to 2·53 kg at 27 MJ. Corresponding values for the medium concentration of CP were 2·49 and 2·67 kg and for the high concentration 2·52 and 3·09 kg ( P < 0·05 for differences between ME intakes and differences between dietary protein concentrations). For milk composition, interactions between the concentration of dietary protein and level of ME intake were not statistically significant but the main treatment effects were significant, with the protein concentration in milk increasing from 49·6 g/kg for ewes given the low concentration of dietary protein to 54·1 g/kg for those given the high ( P < 0·001). Corresponding values for protein concentration in milk for the lowest and highest energy intake were 51·2 and 53·4 g/kg ( P < 0·05). Losses of tissue protein were variable but decreased from 26 g/day for ewes given the low-protein diet to 8 g/day for those given the high. In discussing the responses in milk yield to dietary protein and ME intake attention is drawn to the modifying influence of the energy contributed from body tissue.
Economic analysis of sheep and goat rearing in rainfed region of Haryana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Based on primary data of sheep and goat farmers of Mahendergarh and Gurgaon districts, the bio-economic traits and major constraints affecting the development and adoption of these enterprises in the state were studied. A majority of sheep and goat farmers had small herd size and kaccha house, were landless, illiterate, up to 55 years of age, untrained, adopted self rearing and of non-traditional caste as well. Herd size had positively increased with the category size. Lambings/kiddings were thrice in 2 years and number of lambs/kids per lambing/kidding was 1.11 and 132 in sheep and goats respectively. Youngstocks had greater mortality as compared to adults. Reproduction and production traits did not differ across categories, as by and large, farmers reared non-descript breeds. The annual returns to labour per sheep were worked out to be 303,292,37 and 303 in small, medium, large and overall average sample farms, while per goal these were 439, 446, 462 and 449 respectively. Fifty four and 43 units of sheep and goat constituted the respective viable herd size, which can uplift and lamb was 2.92, 1.74, 0.97 kg on small farms; 2.71, 1.69, 1.27 kg on medium farms; 2.28, 1.61, 1.16 kg on large farms and 2.64, 1.68, 1.13 kg on overall average sample farms respectively. The average number of days in milk for goats was 129, 132, 136 and 132 on small, medium large and overall sample farms respectively. Moreover the average milk yield per day was 1.04, 1.10, 1.11 and 1.08 litres on small, medium, large and overall average farms respectively. The factor analysis grouped 44 variables into 16 factors. Among these, 11 factors, viz., grazing, as well as breeding management knowledge and adequacy of product demand (7.4%), veterinary health service and domestic export market awareness (5.8%), quality buck/ram and kind nature of veterinary surgeons (5.3%), feed and fodder availability (4.8%), institutional credit awareness and borrowings (4.7%), development schemes and market information (4.3%), balanced ration knowledge, as well as veterinary surgeon's and/or clinic's adequacy (3.8%), adequacy of product market information (3.5%) and awareness of breeding time and market (3.1%) together accounted for about 50.8% of the total common variance.