jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Giant cell arteritis: diagnostic tools, treatment targets, and pathogenic pathways

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of systemic vasculitis. Up to 25% of patients develop cranial ischaemic complications (CIC). The diagnosis of GCA is clinical, assisted by supportive investigations. Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of treatment; high doses and prolonged courses mean that adverse events, such as fracture and infection, are common, occurring in up to 95% of patients. The current model of GCA pathogenesis implicates dual T-helper lymphocyte pathways with TH1 cells primarily responsible for ischaemic events and TH17 cells for systemic and polymyalgic features. We evaluated the performance of temporal artery (TA) ultrasound (US) for the diagnosis of GCA in a prospective real-world setting, demonstrating a sensitivity of 52% and specificity of 72%. A strategy of TA US followed by a TA biopsy (TAB) only in the case of a negative US was as effective as performing both procedures in all patients, with a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 72%. The only significant predictor of a positive TA US in our study was male sex, with an odds ratio of 5.5. We investigated the pathogenic role of IL-12 and IL-23 in GCA. IL-12p35 and IL-23p19 were assessed by immunohistochemistry in inflammatory cells in TABs. IL-12p35 was increased in those with CICs and those with large vessel vasculitis on imaging, while IL-23p19 was increased in those with two or more relapses. Using our ex vivo culture models we stimulated PBMCs, TA explants, and myofibroblast outgrowths with IL-12 and IL-23. Both IL-12 and IL-23 stimulation independently increased IL-6 and IL-22 secretion in cultured PBMCs. IL-12 stimulation also increased IFN-γ secretion and decreased IL-8 secretion, while IL-23 stimulation increased IL-17A and IL-17F secretion. In our TA explant culture model, IL-23 stimulation increased IL-6 and IL-8 secretion. In the myofibroblast outgrowth culture model IL-12 and IL-23 stimulation increased the quantity of myofibroblast outgrowths from TABs, evidence of increased migration and invasion. Taken together these results suggest key roles for IL-12 and IL-23 in the inflammatory and proliferative pathways involved in GCA pathogenesis. Finally, we performed a prospective trial of ustekinumab in 25 patients with refractory GCA. No patient experienced a relapse of GCA while receiving ustekinumab. There were significant decreases in median prednisolone dose, BVAS, and acute phase reactants. 25% of patients successfully stopped glucocorticoids. We saw no new adverse events. These findings suggest that ustekinumab may have efficacy in GCA and warrants further evaluation in a randomised controlled trial.
Acute IP Phlorizin Normalizes Cortical PO 2 But Causes Medullary Hypoxia in The Diabetic Rat Kidney

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by glomerular hyperfiltration and reduced renal cortical oxygen tension (CPO 2 ). Recent, observations indicate that increased tubular sodium glucose linked transport (SGLT) plays a role in the development of hyperfiltration in diabetic mice (Sällstrom et al 2014). The aim of the current study was to determine how inhibition of SGLT impacts upon renal tissue PO 2 in the diabetic rat kidney. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) STZ (50mg/kg) injection in Sprague Dawley rats (n=9), 2 weeks prior to experimentation. Animals were surgically prepared for intravenous infusion of [3H]Inulin and [14C]PAH, the IP delivery of Phlorizin (sodium‐glucose transport inhibitor; 200mg/Kg) and the measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP), left kidney function, CPO 2 and medullary (M) PO 2 (Clark electrode). Data± SEM was analyzed using a two‐way RM ANOVA. Baseline MAP, urinary glucose excretion (UGE) fractional sodium excretion (FE Na ), CPO 2 and MPO 2 was 118±2 mmHg, 0.26±0.07 mg/min, 0.09±0.03%, 36±1 mmHg and 27±2 mmHg respectively. IP Phlorizin had no effect on MAP but significantly increased UGE, FE Na and CPO 2 to 0.6±0.2 mg/min, 0.6±0.1 % and 49±1 mmHg respectively and reduced MPO 2 to 23±1mmHg (all P<0.05). SGLT inhibition normalizes CPO 2 , which implies that increased proximal tubule transport contributes to the development of hypoxia in the diabetic kidney. However,SGLT inhibition reduced oxygen availability in the medulla. This may result from the diversion of sodium reabsorption to more distal nephron segments within the medulla, where sodium transport requires more oxygen consumption.
Prognostic Value of Pd-L1 Expression Combined with Hypoxia-Associated Immunosuppression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Hypoxia and immunosuppression are two properties of cancer. This study intends to establish the potential relationship between these two hallmarks in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials & methods: A bioinformatics analysis of data obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas and a retrospective single-center analysis based on a tissue microarray were utilized in this study. Results: We identified a hypoxia-high subtype of patients with immunosuppressive HCC which represented a poor prognosis in the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue microarray showed that tumor PD-L1 expression was positively linked to HIF-1α expression, pro-tumor immunocyte infiltration and poor survival in HCC patients. Conclusion: This study provides evidence supporting the correlation between hypoxic signals and immunosuppression in HCC; the combined use of them might improve survival prediction and act as a potential predictor for PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
Comparison of Therapeutic Antibiotics, Probiotics, and Synthetic CpG-ODNs for Protective Efficacy Against Escherichia coli Lethal Infection and Impact on the Immune System in Neonatal Broiler Chickens

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The poultry industry needs alternatives to antibiotics, as there are growing public concerns about the emergence of antimicrobial resistance owing to antimicrobial use in animal production. We have reported that the administration of neonatal chicks with synthetic DNA oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated cytosine guanine dinucleotide (CpG) motifs (CpG-ODN) can protect against bacterial pathogens in chickens. The objective of this study was to compare the immunoprotective effects of CpG-ODN and probiotics against Escherichia coli infection vs. commonly used therapeutic antibiotics. Day-old broiler chicks were divided into five groups (n = 35/group; 30 for the challenge experiment and 5 for the flow cytometry analysis). The chicks in Group 1 received a single dose of CpG-ODN by the intramuscular route on day 4 (D4) posthatch (PH), and Group 2 received drinking water (DW) with a probiotic product (D1-D15 PH, DW). The Group 3 chicks received tetracycline antibiotics during D9-D13 in DW; the Group 4 chicks got sodium sulfamethazine on D9, D10, and D15 PH in DW; and the Group 5 chicks were administered intramuscular (IM) saline D4 PH, DW. We challenged all the groups (n = 30/group) with E. coli (1 × 105 or 1 × 106 colony-forming units/bird) on D8 PH through the subcutaneous route. Our data demonstrated that the CpG-ODNs, but not the probiotics, could protect neonatal broiler chickens against lethal E. coli septicemia, as would the tetracycline or sodium sulfamethazine. The flow cytometry analysis (n = 5/group) revealed enrichment of immune cells in the CpG-ODN group and a marked decrease in macrophages and T-cell numbers in antibiotics-treated groups, indicating immunosuppressive effects. Our data showed that, like therapeutic antibiotics, CpG-ODNs reduced clinical signs, decreased bacterial loads, and induced protection in chicks against E. coli septicemia. Unlike therapeutic antibiotics-induced immunosuppressive effects, CpG-ODN caused immune enrichment by increasing chicken immune cells recruitment. Furthermore, this study highlights that, although therapeutic antibiotics can treat bacterial infections, the ensuing immunosuppressive effects may negatively impact the overall chicken health.
A comparative study of the concept of organisational rights and small-scale businesses in South Africa and Botswana

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article attempts to compare the concept of organisational rights in South Africa and Botswana, and at the same time highlight the difficulties in the implementation of organisational rights in small-scale businesses. The empirical analysis carried out by the author shows clearly that organisational rights in small-scale businesses should not be based on majority registered unions or unions which are sufficiently representative. The central argument put forward is that most small-scale businesses do not have unions and because of this, it will be extremely difficult for the employees in small-scale businesses to claim and rely on their organisational rights using the present Labour Relations Amendment Act 12 of 2002.
Identification and Prioritization of Religious Mental Models Influencing the Business Model

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to identify and prioritize the religious mental models that influence business models among Iranian Muslim entrepreneurs. Methodology: The study employs a mixed-method research approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Data were gathered through interviews and questionnaires. The interview sample consisted of 13 entrepreneurs from the city of Mashhad, while the questionnaire sample included 21 faculty members from management disciplines at Adib Mazandaran Institute of Higher Education. The collected data were analyzed using Excel and MICMAC software to identify and prioritize the key dimensions of religious mental models that influence business practices. Findings: The study identified eight key dimensions of business models influenced by religious beliefs: business ethics, stakeholder importance, cultural context, institutional context, family-centeredness, customer orientation, the divine meaning of business, and business skills. Among these, business ethics, family-centeredness, and the divine meaning of business were found to have the highest priority. These dimensions reflect the deep integration of religious values into business practices, with a strong emphasis on ethical conduct, the centrality of family, and the spiritual significance of business activities. Conclusion: The findings underscore the critical role that religious beliefs play in shaping the business models of Iranian Muslim entrepreneurs. Business ethics, family-centeredness, and the divine meaning of business emerge as the most influential dimensions, highlighting the importance of aligning business practices with Islamic values.
Analysis of risk factors of serious adverse drug reactions in chemotherapy of lung cancer patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate risk factors of serious adverse drug reactions(ADRs) in chemotherapy of inpatients with lung cancer.Methods: The relationship between clinical factors and serious ADRs of chemotherapy in 236 lung cancer patients was analyzed by the Logistic regression model.Results: Age,gender,liver function,renal function,comorbidities and mixed administration of more than one kind of drugs could all affect the incidence of serious ADRs.The odds ratios(OR) of serious ADRs in the aged and female patients were 1.048 and 1.033,respectively.Clinical factors associated with serious ADRs in the descending order of severeness were liver dysfunction,renal dysfunction,comorbidities and mixed administration of more than one kind of drugs.Conclusion: In order to reduce the incidence of serious ADRs in patients with these risk factors,more attention should be paid to the blood concentration monitoring of chemotherapeutic drugs,the selection of chemotherapy regimens and the combined use of drugs.
On truncations for weakly ergodic inhomogeneous birth and death processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We investigate a class of exponentially weakly ergodic inhomogeneous birth and death processes. We consider special transformations of the reduced intensity matrix of the process and obtain uniform (in time) error bounds of truncations. Our approach also guarantees that we can find limiting characteristics approximately with an arbitrarily fixed error. As an example, we obtain the respective bounds of the truncation error for an M t /M t /S queue for any number of servers S. Arbitrary intensity functions instead of periodic ones can be considered in the same manner.
First direct observation of enhanced octupole collectivity in 146Ba

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The octupole strength present in the neutron-rich, radiocative nucleus 146Ba has been experimentally determined for the first time using Coulomb excitation. To achieve this, A=146 fission fragments from CARIBU were post-accelerated by the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) and impinged on a thin 208Pb target. Using the GRETINA γ-ray spectrometer and the CHICO2 heavy-ion counter, the reduced transition probability B(E3; 3-→0+) was determined as 48(+21-29) W.u. The new result provides further experimental evidence for the presence of a region of octupole deformation surrounding the neutron-rich barium isotopes.
ON THE PERMUTABILITY OF BNCKLUND TRANSFORMATIONS: 1 INFINITESIMAL BNCKLUND TRAN~SFORMATIONS OF THE SINE-GORDON EQUATION

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let u' = Bau be the Biicklund transformation of the sine-Gordon equation, we prove that Ba+eBalu =u+e ~ 2D -1 8Gn+la2n, n=o 6u where (Gn } is an infinite set of conserved densities of the sine-Gordon equation and 7? (n) =-D-1 ~Gn/6U are just the symmetries obtained by Olver (17). Basing upon this expansion, we prove the equivalence between the permutability of the infinitesimal B~cklund transformations and the involution of the conserved densities of the sine-Gordon equation.
A Case of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Intracoronary Thrombus Formation at a Previously Provoked Vasospasm Site.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 58-year-old Japanese man with variant angina developed acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Emergency coronary angiography demonstrated thrombotic occlusion in the proximal site of the left anterior descending artery. The occluded region appeared to be coincident with the area in which severe vasospasm had been provoked by intracoronary administration of acetylcholine 1.5 years before the onset of AMI. This case may give us a unique opportunity to consider the role of vasospasm in the etiology of AMI.
Food marketing and the regulation of children’s taste:

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Playing with food has long been understood as a part of childhood, with adults placing rules around children’s eating. Over the past few decades, children’s imaginative food play has been commodified by the food industry—the play has been packaged and sold back to children, with fun appeals, cartoon characters, and bright packaging used to identify packaged foods as “for kids”. Yet with increasing rates of childhood obesity, the very foods designed to appeal to children are now subject to new forms of regulation (at the macro level via marketing to kids restrictions). This Perspective explores how play and food is expressed and controlled in the world of children’s packaged foods. In the final section, we take up how play and food are being promoted to children by the use of licensed characters from children’s media culture. Specifically, we argue that there is particular purchase in recognizing these licensed characters as paratexts (rather than simply cartoon appeals). Doing so reconfigures the conversations about child-targeted promotional appeals in new and significant ways, shifting the conversation from issues of obesity and regulation to those of media culture and commercialization.
Environment and social management plan for Madziva water supply subproject

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The development objective of the National Water Project for Zimbabwe is to improve access and efficiency in water services in selected growth centers and to strengthen planning and regulation capacity for the water and sanitation sector. Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) avoiding unnecessary movements and pulling of equipment on the ground; (2) avoid cutting down trees. Where trees are cut, replant as close as possible in terms of species and location; (3) sprinkle water on soil and backfill trenches immediately; (4) filter integrity to be maintained and a dedicated backwash mains and lined backwash ponds; (5) provide adequate protective clothing and awareness; and (6) ensure water is available for a minimum of 8 hours every day during school time.
Acute exercise improves glucose effectiveness but not insulin sensitivity in paraplegia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A single bout of ACE at 75% VO2Peak helped to acutely control glucose metabolism in those with paraplegia by increasing Sg by nearly 27%; however, this was not sustained past 24-hours. These data provide support for regular exercise engagement.Implications for RehabilitationDisorders of glucose metabolism have been reported at a greater prevalence in persons with spinal cord injury.A single bout of arm crank ergometry exercise at 75% VO2Peak helped to acutely control glucose metabolism persons with paraplegia; however, this was not sustained past 24 h.These data provide support for regular exercise engagement in persons with paraplegia.
A mobile app based smoking cessation assistance using automated detection of smoking activity

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular diseases, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer is a serious threat to the society. Tobacco smoking is one of the most prevailing risk factors. Due to its addictiveness, it is often very difficult to quit. Abstinent smokers often start with a sudden craving for smoking which results in lapse and then permanent relapse. In this paper, we propose a sensor-based approach for automated recognition of smoking activity. That may be used for providing interventions in near real-time via mobile app to promote smoking cessation. A 6-axis inertial sensor along with a heart rate sensor is to be used to develop a wearable band which could be worn on the wrist. A pilot study is conducted with four participants. Their hand movement pattern is recorded for around 5 minutes for smoking and non-smoking intervals each, using a sensor based unit worn on the wrist. This period includes smoking and non-smoking intervals. Preliminary analysis of the data shows that there exists a periodicity in the data during the smoking episode. During non-smoking interval the sensor signals are random and does not exhibit such periodicity. Further data collection with more number of participants in different environments, data preprocessing, analysis, training, model generation, and testing is under progress. Preliminary results of this pilot study have been discussed.
Content-based image retrieval system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With tremendous growth in the numbers and sizes of digital image and video collections, it is very necessary to develop effective and efficient tools to index and search these multimedia information. Techniques of Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) are presented to conduct similarity queries in image databases, which are based on some visual features of images, such as color, texture, shape, and regions. Our work attempted to investigate some issues in CBIR and develop an effective and efficient image Database Management System (DBMS). Some important issues in CBIR were discussed, such as feature extraction, similarity measures, indexing structures, and system effectiveness evaluation. To know about contemporary CBIR systems, some notable CBIR systems were reviewed and compared.
The Role Of Radionuclide Angiocardiography In The Preoperative Prediction Of Pain Relief And Prolonged Survival Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Radionuclide angiocardiography (RNA) provides noninvasive measurements of left ventricular function during rest and exercise, which appear to reflect the magnitude of fibrosis and ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. This investigation evaluated the usefulness of these measurements for providing prognostic information, useful in selecting therapy. The RNA study group included 278 patients with a low resting ejection fraction and coronary artery disease documented by angiography. Patients were followed for up to three years to define survival and incidence of complete pain relief. The 172 patients treated medically had less favorable survival and pain relief than the 106 surgically treated patients. In the medically treated patients, a positive RNA defined a subgroup of 113 patients, with a 20% lower 3-year survival than the 59 patients with a negative RNA. Moreover, comparison of patients receiving medical and surgical therapy following a positive RNA documented a clear improvement in both survival and pain relief for those who showed significant ischemia during exercise and subsequently underwent coronary bypass procedures. In patients with a negative RNA, medical and surgical therapy resulted in a similar survival rate and little difference in pain relief. Calculations comparing the maximal potential increase in survival and complete pain relief, using multiple criteria known to provide prognostic information, identified the exercise response on RNA as the single most important variable for selection of therapy. Therefore, the left ventricular response to exercise provides important prognostic information in patients with low resting ejection fractions, and the results of this procedure can be used to define subgroups of patients who will and will not benefit from coronary artery bypass grafting.
Thinking Through Crisis: Depression-Era Black Literature, Theory, and Politics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Thinking Through Crisis, James Edward Ford III examines the works of Richard Wright, Ida B. Wells, W. E. B. Du Bois, Zora Neale Hurston, and Langston Hughes during the 1930s in order to articulate a materialist theory of trauma. Ford highlights the dark proletariat's emergence from the multitude apposite to white supremacist agendas. In these works, Ford argues, proletarian, modernist, and surrealist aesthetics transform fugitive slaves, sharecroppers, leased convicts, levee workers, and activist intellectuals into protagonists of anti-racist and anti-capitalist movements in the United States.Thinking Through Crisis intervenes in debates on the 1930s, radical subjectivity, and states of emergency. It will be of interest to scholars of American literature, African American literature, proletarian literature, black studies, trauma theory, and political theory