jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
GLOBAL UPTICK IN CROWDFUNDING: A LIFELINE IN THE COVID-19 ERA AND THE REGULATIONS PROTECTING INVESTORS

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Crowdfunding has become a widely favoured method for securing financial support, whether it's for a creative project, a social cause, or emergency relief. The COVID-19 pandemic has notably accelerated the use of crowdfunding globally, ranging from small campaigns for medical supplies like oxygen to larger initiatives similar to the PM Cares Fund. There are, however, regulatory limitations on who can invest in new ventures and how much they can contribute. These rules are designed to protect inexperienced or less affluent investors from risking an excessive portion of their savings. Blockchain technology offers an optimal solution to enhance features such as transaction tracking and data distribution. This work enables to apply Blockchain to make crowd funding.
A Review on Phytochemicals (Including Essential Oils and Extracts) Inclusion in Feed and Their Effects on Food Producing Animals

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This report is intended to give an overlook at the essential oil and phytochemical applications on food producing animals when applied to feed. The first part aims to illustrate that gas chromatography coupled with mass detection (GC/MS) has become powerful tool for phytochemistry and some examples of typical constituents found in essential oils; relevant cases are mentioned (especially those oils extracted from plants found in tropical regions). Secondly, a brief overview of the most recent research encompassing the in vitro ability of some essential oils and phytochemicals to limit food borne bacterial growth is depicted. Finally, herein the reader will find some recent and relevant examples of essential oils and phytochemicals that are commonly used as additives in the feed, based on their beneficial properties for the animal (with particular attention as potential substitutes for antibiotic growth promoters). Hence, the review focuses specifically on three parts: \ni.\tchemical composition and analysis of plant derived active substances, \nii.\tIn vitro antimicrobial activity of plant derived substances and, \niii.\tessential oils and extracts applications in feed including poultry, cattle, rabbits, fish, pigs, and examples of other species.
Response to weather and light conditions of migrating Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnus and flying height profiles, observed with the Argos satellite system

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ten satellite tracks of Whooper Swans migrating between Iceland and Britain or Ireland were analysed in relation to detailed weather and astronomical data. Surface pressure, visibility, cloud cover, precipitation intensity and type, sun altitude and moon altitude were estimated separately for each of 414 location points, of which 217 were over land or offshore islands, and 197 were over the open sea. Height profiles for four northbound and four southbound flights included two swans that flew continuously for most or all of the sea crossing, one of which reached 1856 m asl, the maximum height recorded. The others flew low, and landed often on the water, sometimes for prolonged periods. Elapsed times for the sea crossing varied from 12.7 to 101 hours. Statistical analysis showed that the swans tended to move onward during the sea crossings, provided that the altitude above the horizon of either the sun or the moon was higher than ‐4d̀, and also that the visibility was greater than 2 km; otherwise, they tended to stop on the water. This effect was seen only when the swans were crossing the open sea, not when they were flying over land or islands. It was interpreted as suggesting that they need a visible horizon to navigate when out of sight of land. If this inference is correct, it would eliminate the possibility that the swans use inertial navigation, but strengthen the case for celestial navigation.
Report of the committee on the genetic constitution of chromosomes 1 and 2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Research Articles| June 15 2010 Report of the committee on the genetic constitution of chromosomes 1 and 2 Subject Area: Genetics S. Povey; S. Povey Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar N.E. Morton; N.E. Morton Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S.L. Sherman S.L. Sherman Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics (1985) 40 (1-4): 67–106. https://doi.org/10.1159/000132170 Article history Published Online: June 15 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation S. Povey, N.E. Morton, S.L. Sherman; Report of the committee on the genetic constitution of chromosomes 1 and 2. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 31 December 1985; 40 (1-4): 67–106. https://doi.org/10.1159/000132170 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsCytogenetic and Genome Research Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. 1985Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Facile Synthesis of Cyclic Polyphenylenes by Consecutive Inter- and Intramolecular Cycloadditions of ortho-, meta-, and para-Phenylene-Tethered Triynes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Consecutive inter- and intramolecular [2+2+2] cycloadditions of various phenylene-tethered triynes were comprehensively studied by using chiral rhodium catalysts. ortho-Phenylene-tethered triynes gave chiral o,o,o,o-tetraphenylenes in high-to-excellent enantiomeric excess as dimers. meta-Phenylene-tethered triynes gave chiral o,m,o,m-tetraphenylenes in moderate enantiomeric excess as dimers along with hexaphenylenes as trimers. This is the first synthesis of cis-o,m,o,m-tetraphenylenes; one structure was ascertained by X-ray crystal structure analysis. para-Phenylene-tethered triynes gave o,p,o,p,o,p-hexaphenylenes as trimers along with the formation of o,p,o,p,o,p,o,p-octaphenylenes as tetramers. 1 Introduction 2 Results and Discussion 2.1 ortho-Phenylene-Tethered Triynes 2.2 Naphthylene-Tethered Triynes 2.3 meta-Phenylene-Tethered Triynes 2.4 para-Phenylene-Tethered Triynes 3 Conclusion
Purification and characterization of cytolytic and noncytolytic human natural killer cell subsets.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Natural killer (NK) cells form three functionally distinct populations of effectors: competent cytolytic effectors able to bind and kill target cells and two subsets of nonlytic effectors, one able and the other unable to bind target cells. A flow cytometric method was developed, based on size and two-color fluorescence of NK cell-target conjugates, for the characterization and sorting of highly purified subpopulations--killer cells, nonkiller binder cells, and free cells. Ultrastructural examination revealed that granule content was reduced in the killer cells and absent in most of the binder cells. Quantitative differences in the expression level of HLA class I, CD11b (C3bi receptor), and CD16 (receptor for the Fc portion of IgG) antigens could differentiate the subsets. The killer phenotype was HLAlo, CD11bvery hi, and CD16very lo; the binder phenotype was CD11bhi and CD16lo; and the free-cell phenotype was CD11blo and CD16hi. Cell activation was not requisite for lytic function because no difference in either expression of activation markers or cell cycle could be established among the sorted subpopulations. Although recycling function was inhibited, retention of lytic activity was enriched 4-fold in the sorted killer cell population. These results represent characterization of a successful bulk isolation of competent killer, nonkiller binder, and free cells in human NK-cell populations and should aid our understanding of NK-cell development, lineage, and function.
Sulfation Performance of CaO Purges Derived from Calcium Looping CO2 Capture Systems

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this work is to investigate the SO2 capture capacity and sulfation rates of CaO-rich purges from a post-combustion CO2 capture calcium looping (CaL) large-scale pilot plant (a 1.7 MWth pilot plant operating in continuous mode). The sulfation reaction in simulated flue gas conditions was studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and isothermal sulfation tests were conducted over a range of temperatures to derive the kinetic parameters. It was confirmed that CaO-rich purges from CaL are able to capture more than twice as much SO2 as the parent fresh calcined limestone. This is because the pore blockage mechanism has less impact on the sulfation of highly cycled CaO purges from the CO2 capture system. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)–energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the homogeneous sulfation pattern of the cycled samples obtained from the pilot. A semi-empirical model based on the random pore model (RPM) was used to fit the experimental results. The kinetic parameters kS and DP were calculated using the experimental data obtained from TGA tests. The values obtained are consistent with those obtained by other authors for non-cycled materials.
Additional file 3 of Towards implementing exercise into the prostate cancer care pathway: development of a theory and evidence-based intervention to train community-based exercise professionals to support change in patient exercise behaviour (The STAMINA trial)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Additional file 3. Barriers to supervising exercising twice weekly as reported by community-based exercise professionals: mapped onto the Theoretical Domains Framework. This file contains a list of barriers and example quotes to supervising men on androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer to exercise twice weekly in a gym, reported by community-based exercise professionals. Responses are mapped onto the Theoretical Domains Framework.
Politics of Law Due to the Protection of Land Rights Holders Based on the Rechtsverwerking Principle

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As is known that legal politics has 2 (two) dimensions.These dimensions include ius constitutum (applicable law) and ius constituendum (the law that is reported).The stigma that law is a political product is true along the das sein if it is based on das sein by conceptualizing the law as a statutory regulation.Acquainted with the relationship between law and politics can be based on the views of das sollen (desires, necessities) or das sein (reality).There is a difference in scope between legal politics and legal political studies, the first being more formal in official policy while the second includes official policies and matters related to them.Thus, the study of legal politics comprehends at least three things: First, state policies (official lines) concerning the law that are not enforced or are not implemented in the context of achieving state objectives.Second, economic, social, cultural background that underlies the birth of legal products, Third, law enforcement in the reality of the field.In this research, the focus will be on the study of law enforcement in the reality of the field, especially in judicial institutions.This study examines the Politics of Law for the Protection of Land Rights Holders based on the Rechtsverwerking Principle.By using normative legal research methods which are based on research on legal principles, the researcher uses a qualitative approach to support legal arguments produced based on inductive reasoning.
Guard Cell Pressures and Wall Properties during Stomatal Opening

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pressures required to produce stomatal apertures of different widths have been measured in guard cells of <it>T. virginiana</it> and <it>C. communis</it>. These pressures are lower than those that could develop in guard cells at full turgor on account of their osmotic properties. During the <it>Spannungsphase</it> the metabolism of guard cells seems to contribute towards a reduction of the elastic modulus of their walls, whereas during the motorphase the volumetric modulus of the cell as a whole, apparently increases gently at first and then more markedly as maximum apertures are approached.
16 Freedom within Necessity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter considers Hume's views on the subject “of liberty and necessity” in light of the relevant debate(s) that situate and structure his own contribution in the Treatise (T, 2.3.1–2). The primary concern is to show that, contrary to the orthodox view, Hume's arguments on this subject are highly relevant to problems of religion as Hume and his contemporaries understood and debated them. More specifically, Hume's necessitarianism is both metaphysically and methodologically a core part of his entire (Hobbist) project to establish a secular, scientific account of moral life. Related to this, one of the central lessons of Hume's discussion of free will in the Treatise, as it concerns his more extended views about the nature and conditions of moral responsibility, is that these are issues that we can make sense of only within the fabric of human nature and human society.
Intrathecal synthesis of different alpha-interferons in patients with various neurological diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CSF and sera from 238 newborns and children with various neurological diseases were assayed on bovine cells for the presence of alpha-interferon (IFN). An intrathecal synthesis of pH 2-resistant alpha-IFN was recovered in all newborns and in more than 90% of children with herpes encephalitis. It was also observed in one case of mumps encephalitis and in one case of encephalitis associated with Influenza A infection. An acid-labile alpha-IFN production was detected in CSF from more than one half of patients with viral meningitis or active congenital rubella and in those with neurological complications of systemic lupus erythematosus. This alpha-IFN subtype was also detected in CSF from only 2/37 children with measles encephalitis. In contrast, no alpha-IFN (less than 2 IU) in CSF was found among patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Reye's syndrome, acute cerebellar ataxia, infantile spasms or facial paralysis of unknown origin.
Urgent Need for Field Surveys of Coronaviruses in Southeast Asia to Understand the SARS-CoV-2 Phylogeny and Risk Assessment for Future Outbreaks

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Phylogenetic analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is focused on a single isolate of bat coronaviruses (bat CoVs) which does not adequately represent genetically related coronaviruses (CoVs) [...]
Inflation and Structural Change in the Euro-Dollar Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Several people, including the Swiss Banking Corporation,2 have in recent times undertaken the task of inquiring whether the Euro-dollar market contributes to world inflation. This activity, of course, presupposes that the theoretical and empirical problem of whether an expansion of the money supply leads to inflation has already been solved, in the sense of establishing a positive correlation between increases in the money supply and price increases, and of knowing the direction and the parameters of that correlation. Granted that this correlation has been found theoretically, the problem then becomes ones of proving it empirically, and that involves deciding what particular magnitude must be defined as the 'world price level'. After this practical problem has been satisfactorily coped with, it is necessary to consider whether Euro-dollar deposits can be called 'money' and, if that much can be said about them, it must be decided what is the relevant aggregate of deposits that must be called 'Euro-dollar deposits'. When that is done, the remaining part of the job is to prove that Euro-dollar deposits contribute to world inflation. Finally, it is relevant to establish whether Euro-dollar deposits contribute significantly to world inflation.
Perspectives

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Forecasting gives you a comfortable feeling of some control over an uncontrollable world. This is not meant to negate progress and predictability. Both are unmistakably part of our life and if we disregard little faddish swings such as the recent butter/margarine controversy, we clearly steer somewhere. Once a goal is set, we can evaluate our success in reaching it; when the goal is highly elusive, our approach is at best asymptotic and eventually, we come as close as our capacity for abstraction permits to understand the mechanisms of nature. In cancer research, we are imbued with horror of agnosticism and satisfactory answers must translate into measurable improvement of a patient's conditions, as final proof of "being right".
The Changes and Clinical Significance of Serum of α_1-Antitrypsin Levels in the Patients with Moderate to Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases under Low Temperature Condition

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the changes of the serum level α1-Antitrypsin(α1-AT) in the patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(COPD) that under the condition of low temperature,and the clinical significance of this change.Thus clear the relationship that low temperature environment,α1-AT and COPD.To seek new ways of COPD prevention and treatment.Methods 60 patients with moderate to severe COPD(COPD groups) and 30 healthy controls(control group) were recruited.Respectively detection serum level of α1-AT that at baseline points(From may to october in 2009,the average temperature is above 22 degrees celsius)and low temperature point(between december in 2009 and february in 2010,the average temperature is below 8 degrees celsius).Finally,comparative analysis this date.Results ①Whether in baseline points or in low temerature,the serum of α1-AT levels in the patients with COPD group higher than control group(P0.05).②In the COPD group,the serum of α1-AT levels that in low temperature point lower than baseline points(P0.05).③For control group the serum of α1-AT levels slightly increase in low temperature point,but this is no statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion For the patients with moderate to severe COPD.The airway inflammation is continuous existing,and the serum of α1-AT levels is decline when the temperature drops.Thus in a certain extent,It explains why patients with COPD in winter season,they condition can aggravate and morbidity can increase.
P162 Cross-validation and complementary value of optical coherence tomography and high frequency ultrasound for the assessment of skin disease in systemic sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) is the current gold standard for skin assessment in systemic sclerosis (SSc) both in clinical trials and practice. Several studies have reported that skin high frequency ultrasound (HFUS) and, more recently, optical coherence tomography (OCT) are able to reflect the severity of the skin disease in SSc. Aim of the study was to compare OCT and HFUS in the assessment of skin involvement in SSc. Methods Dorsal forearm skin of consecutive diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) patients and matched-healthy controls (HC) were scanned using OCT and HFUS by investigators blinded to the clinical details using Vivosight scanner (1 assessor) and Esaote MyLab70 equipped with a 22 MHZ probe (2 assessors) respectively. Minimum Optical Density (MinOD), Maximum OD (MaxOD) and OD at 300 micron-depth (OD300) (OCT) and skin thickness (HFUS) were measured. Clinical involvement was assessed by a blinded operator using the mRSS and results were cross matched with imaging data. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software V.7.0. Results A total of 88 OCT images and 176 HFUS images were obtained from 22 dcSSc patients [20 Female, mean age 49 (±11) years, 12 with &lt; 5 years disease duration) and 22 HC (20 Female, mean age 50.7 (±6.7) years]. All OCT measures (MinOD, MaxOD and OD300) were significantly lower in SSc patients than in HC (p = 0.011, p &lt; 0.0001, p &lt; 0.0001 respectively). HFUS showed a lower performance in discriminating SSc skin vs HC compared to OCT (overall AUC 0.6 vs 0.72, 0.8 and 0.89 for MinOD, MaxOD and OD300 respectively). Nevertheless, mean HFUS skin thickness significantly correlated with mRSS at site of analysis (r = 0.47, p = 0.0013) and showed overall excellent interobserver reliability between assessors (ICC &gt;0.8). Importantly, MaxOD and OD300 negatively correlated with HFUS skin thickness (r=-0.32, p = 0.035; r=-0.31, p = 0.039). Conclusion OCT of the skin has been previously validated against skin biopsy in SSc. Our results validate HFUS against OCT and indicate that HFUS of the skin is a reliable measure of skin involvement. Further, here we show that HFUS and OCT outperform each other in measuring different aspects of skin involvement in SSc and they offer complementary surrogate outcome measures of disease. Disclosures D. Temiz Karadag None. G. Lettieri None. V. Picerno None. O. Gundogdu None. M. Padula None. G.A. Mennillo None. A.A. Padula None. F. Del Galdo None. S. D'Angelo None. G. Abignano None.
Upper Airway Edema After Carotid Endarterectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

HUGHES, RICHARD; MCGUIRE, GLENN; MONTANERA, WALTER; WONG, DAVID; CARMICHAEL, FREDERICK J.; Cunningham, Anthony J. M.D., F.F.A.R.C.S.I., F.A.N.Z.C.A., F.R.C.P.C. Author Information