jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Study on Serological Blood Group Conversion in BM Empty Phase of ABO-incompatible Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

After ABO-incompatible allo-HSCT, blood group antgen of patients shifts to the blood group of donors, there is a significant difference in the serological indicators between the minor and bidireetional ABO-incompatible patients and normal people.
Bimodal Dynamics in Short-Term Growth Among Peruvian Infants at Risk of Growth-Faltering

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: Over the short term, infants may grow in a ‘bimodal’ manner, with interspersed periods of greater and lesser growth. Our aim was to describe the modality of high-resolution growth dynamics of infants who experienced cumulative growth faltering in the first year of life. METHODS: Thrice-weekly measurements of length were recorded for n = 58 children enrolled from birth to one year in the Peru cohort of the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development’ (MAL-ED) study. Finite mixture models were fitted to the length velocity data to test for evidence of multiphasic patterns. We then tested whether evidence of a multiphasic pattern remained after applying a smoothing algorithm to account for measurement error. Data was smoothed using kernel regression with a monotonic constraint. Finite mixture models were fitted to unsmoothed and smoothed data to examine whether growth patterns varied by age and sex. We also fitted stratified models to compare short-term growth patterns between infants who maintained a consistent length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) from 2–12 months of age, versus those whose LAZ decreased by at least 0.25 over the same period. RESULTS: Unsmoothed data were best described by a biphasic finite mixture model. The growth of children less than 3 months old was described by a mixture of two normal distributions with both means significantly greater than zero (0.110 cm/day, 95%CI: 0.105, 0.114 and 0.291 cm/day, 95%CI: 0.235, 0.347). By 6 months, this transitioned to a pattern of two normal distributions, one with a mean near zero (0.019, 95% CI: 0.0178, 0.020), and one with a mean of 0.102 cm/day (95% CI: 0.098, 0.0107). Children who lost 0.25 or more in LAZ from 2 to 12 months had a similar mean growth velocity in both the ‘low’ and ‘high’ growth phase but spent smore time in the former phase (54.9% of days versus 39.2% of days) than children who either maintained or gained LAZ over the same age. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with other reports, we find that infant growth appears to follow bimodal dynamics characterized by intervals of greater velocities as well as periods of much lower growth. FUNDING SOURCES: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health and the BMGF.
Efficient and Robust Classification for Sparse Attacks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the past two decades we have seen the popularity of neural networks increase in conjunction with their classification accuracy. Parallel to this, we have also witnessed how fragile the very same prediction models are: tiny perturbations to the inputs can cause misclassification errors throughout entire datasets. In this paper, we consider perturbations bounded by the ℓ 0 –norm, which have been shown as effective attacks in the domains of image-recognition, natural language processing, and malware-detection. To this end, we propose a novel defense method that consists of "truncation" and "adversarial training". We then theoretically study the Gaussian mixture setting and prove the asymptotic optimality of our proposed classifier. Motivated by the insights we obtain, we extend these components to neural network classifiers. We conduct numerical experiments in the domain of computer vision using the MNIST and CIFAR datasets, demonstrating significant improvement for the robust classification error of neural networks.
Integral transformation and Darboux transformation of Heun’s differential equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We review Darboux-Crum transformation of Heun's differential equation. By\nrewriting an integral transformation of Heun's differential equation into a\nform of elliptic functions, we see that the integral representation is a\ngeneralization of Darboux-Crum transformation. We also consider conservation of\nmonodromy with respect to the transformations.\n
Annie's Got a Fella

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: Lee Tully; Bernie Share Orchestra Writer: Rich Basse Warner Novelty. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.5mil truncated eliptical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 400.0, Rolloff: -12.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: JR-41 Catalog number: 3502-B Other IDs from the record include: JR-41
Concept Development and Selection (Phase 2)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The primary result of the Idea Generation Phase is an “approved” list of acceptable candidates indicating their fit into the organization's criteria and their potential to succeed in the business environment. Idea generation produces ideas that usually lack full definition. This seeming weakness is actually one of the strengths of the new-product development (NPD) process. It is simple and cost-effective to produce a myriad of ideas during the Idea Generation Phase. The scope is limited and the critical objective is to select potential candidates for further analyses and development. In most cases, it is easy for an organization to discern which ideas should move forward.
Phaseolus vulgaris G12187E

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Phaseolus vulgaris
Common name(s): beans
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Colombia
Local sample unique identifier: G12187E
Method of creation: In-house variant
Date: 1977-06-30
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
[Amyloid plaque in selected neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In this paper a review of the most recent investigations of the pathology of amyloid and of amyloid plaque is presented. The purpose of this report is to describe various clinical conditions (including their etiopathology and clinical manifestations) in which amyloid deposits (especially amyloid plaques) are significant features of the disease. Similarly, to define the neuropathological picture of amyloid deposits, molecular composition of amyloid fibrils and the genes which encode them.
Splenic vein thrombosis in a patient with chronic pancreatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The most common cause of isolated thrombosis of the splenic vein is chronic pancreatitis caused by perivenous inflammation1. Although splenic vein thrombosis (SVT) has been reported in up to 45% of patients with chronic pancreatitis, most patients with SVT remain asymptomatic7. In those patients with gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to esophageal or gastric varices, the diagnostic test of choice to assess for the presence of SVT is late-phase celiac angiography. Splenectomy effectively eliminates the collateral outflow and is the treatment of choice4.
Expression and Clinical Prognostic Value of Platelet NLRP3 in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Huitong Peng,1 Hongyi Wu,2 Ge Zhang,1 Wei Zhang,1 Yifan Guo,2 Lin Chang,1 She Chen,1 Ruyi Xue,3 Si Zhang1 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ruyi XueDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 160, Feng Lin Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-21-54237624Email xue.ruyi@zs-hospital.sh.cnSi ZhangDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 130, Dong’an Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 138 1709 2601Email zhangsi@fudan.edu.cnPurpose: Little is known about the relationship between the level of platelet NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and the severity of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or the prognostic value of platelet NLRP3 for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: Platelets collected from 25 healthy subjects, 23 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), and 72 patients with ACS were analyzed by Western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR). A total of 152 patients with ACS who had undergone PCI were included in this study to evaluate the prognostic value of platelet NLRP3.Results: The levels of platelet NLRP3 in both the healthy and SAP groups were clearly lower than in the ACS group (P< 0.001). According to the Pearson correlation analysis, the expression of platelet NLRP3 was closely related to the mean platelet volume (MPV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the Gensini score, and the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score (all P< 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified NLRP3 as an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events (ACEs) after PCI (P=0.004). The proportion of patients with high NLPR3 expression (the NLRP3-high group) remaining free of adverse events for 3 years was remarkably lower than that in patients with low NLPR3 expression (the NLRP3-low group; P=0.024). The NLRP3-high group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with interleukin-1β–expressing (20.4%± 6.1%) platelets than the NLRP3-low group (10.7%± 3.5%, P< 0.001). Moreover, the NLRP3-high group exhibited higher platelet activity, as indicated by increased PAC-1 binding and CD62P expression, compared with the NLRP3-low group (P< 0.001).Conclusion: These results indicated that platelet NLRP3 was a novel potential prognostic factor for patients with ACS that underwent PCI.Keywords: platelet NLRP3, acute coronary syndromes, percutaneous coronary intervention, inflammation, prognosis
Platform for intraoperative analysis of video streams

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Interactive, image-guided surgery (IIGS) has proven to increase the specificity of a variety of surgical procedures. However, current IIGS systems do not compensate for changes that occur intraoperatively and are not reflected in preoperative tomograms. Endoscopes and intraoperative ultrasound, used in minimally invasive surgery, provide real-time (RT) information in a surgical setting. Combining the information from RT imaging modalities with traditional IIGS techniques will further increase surgical specificity by providing enhanced anatomical information. In order to merge these techniques and obtain quantitative data from RT imaging modalities, a platform was developed to allow both the display and processing of video streams in RT. Using a Bandit-II CV frame grabber board (Coreco Imaging, St. Laurent, Quebec) and the associated library API, a dynamic link library was created in Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 such that the platform could be incorporated into the IIGS system developed at Vanderbilt University. Performance characterization, using two relatively inexpensive host computers, has shown the platform capable of performing simple image processing operations on frames captured from a CCD camera and displaying the processed video data at near RT rates both independent of and while running the IIGS system.
Performance-based seismic design optimization of reinforced concrete structures with multiple ground motions via surrogate model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

To address the challenge of designing structures that can withstand seismic loads and simplify the design process, a novel optimization formulation considering performance targets is defined in this paper. Multiple ground motions are considered to optimize structures under earthquake excitations. Single and seven ground motions are employed to perform nonlinear time history analysis, and the resulting responses are utilized as the objective function for the optimization problem. Subsequently, a Kriging model is adopted to approximate the objective function. During the model construction process, an enhanced Latin hypercube sampling strategy with mutation and evolutionary operation is employed, conditional likelihood approach is used to update the kriging model, and genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to search for the optimal solution. Finally, the methodology for seismic design optimization of structures via kriging model is applied to three 2-dimensional (2D) examples to demonstrate its effectiveness. The results show the Kriging model-assisted methodology can significantly reduce the computational burden associated with function evaluations, while simultaneously identifying optimum designs that improve the dynamic responses of structures. This highlights the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in mitigating the effects of earthquakes and preventing excessive story-to-story movement, which is crucial for preventing structural damage and collapse. Furthermore, the results emphasize the importance of considering multiple ground motions when optimizing structures under earthquakes.
An examination of the long-term effects of a teacher professional development in inquiry science

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although many studies have looked at changes in teacher knowledge, beliefs, and behavior over the course of professional development programs, long-term follow-up remains rare. In this case study of the long-term effects of a high-quality year-long professional development in inquiry science, we administered the same instruments to the same teachers (N = 23) before and after the professional development and 2.5 years after the professional development ended. We also interviewed the teachers about factors that enhanced or impeded PD implementation. The teachers demonstrated pre- to post-professional development gains on instruments examining inquiry-based teaching knowledge, content knowledge (marine science), and self-efficacy. Although declines were expected due to the lack of follow-up, results varied over instruments. The teachers’ scores dropped significantly on all of the measures that showed a pre- to post-professional development gain, but remained significantly above pre-professional development baseline levels at the long-term follow-up time point. On the pedagogical content knowledge instrument the teachers’ scores grew significantly from the post-professional development to the follow-up time point. Interviews revealed a sustained highly positive response to the professional development with self-reported gains in confidence, inquiry and content knowledge, and modest to substantial changes in teaching practice attributed to the intervention. While explicit use of professional development pedagogy and activities declined over time, aspects of the pedagogical approaches became embedded in teachers’ practices. This case study emphasized the need for long-term support of teachers to sustain change over time and has implications for interpreting the outcomes of professional development.
Anti-adherence modified denture base resin using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and chlorhexidine diacetate salt (CHX)

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Context: Acrylic resin denture base material is the most commonly used dental material for removable prostheses, although its high affinity to form biofilms on its surface results in serious health problems. Aims: Isolation and identification of aerobic bacteria and Candida from biofilms formed on denture base surfaces. Quantifying the biofilm-forming ability and studying the anti-adherence effect of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and chlorohexidine diacetate salt (CHX) added to heat-cured denture base material. Methods and Material: Microbial isolates were collected from denture base surfaces, and further identified by morphological, and biochemical tests, VITEK-2 system, and DNA sequencing. The biofilm-forming potential was examined by Microtiter Plate Assay. The anti-adherence effect of PEG and CHX added to denture base materials was evaluated. Results: The investigated microorganisms had different biofilm-forming potential on denture base surfaces ranging through weak, moderate and strong. The PEG and CHX had antibacterial and anti-fungal potential, and the addition of PEG and CHX to denture base resin significantly decreased the adhesion of selected microorganisms compared with control groups. The statistical results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05.Conclusions: This study revealed that modifying denture base resin by the addition of PEG and CHX significantly enhances the anti-adherence property. The combining of PEG and CHX resulted in the enhanced decline of microorganism adherence.
Experimental Study on Two-Phase Heat Transfer of FC-72 in Microchannels Heat Sink

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A closed-loop two-phase microchannels cooling system using a micro-gear pump was built in this paper. The microchannels heat sink was made of oxygen-free copper, and 14 parallel microchannels with the dimension of 0.8mm(W)×1.5mm(D)×20mm(L) were formed by electric spark drilling followed by linear cutting which separated the channels from each other. The heat transfer performance was evaluated by the fluid temperature, the pressure drop across the micro-channels and the volumetric flow rate. Experiments were performed with refrigerant FC-72 which spanned the following conditions: initial pressure of Pin = 73 kPa, mass velocity of G = 94 – 333 kg/m2s, outlet quality of xe,out = 0 – superheat and heat flux of q″= 25–140 W/cm2. The result showed that, the maximum heat flux achieved 96 W/cm2, as the heating surface temperature was kept below 85 °C and critical heat flux occurred in the condition of low flow rate. Average two-phase heat transfer coefficients increased with the heat flux at low mass flux (G = 94 and 180 kg/m2s) and all heat fluxes, high mass flux (G = 333 kg/m2s) and all heat fluxes, and moderate mass fluxes (G = 224kg/m2s) under low and moderate heat fluxes (q″&lt;110 W/cm2 for G = 224 kg/m2s), which was a feature of nucleate boiling mechanism. Pressure drop through microchannels heat sink was found to be below 4kPa.
Outlier-Robust Iterative Extended Kalman Filtering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we develop OR-IEKF which is a novel outlier-robust iterative extended Kalman filtering (IEKF) framework based on nonlinear regression formulation of update step. A new Kalman-type update step with reweighted prediction covariance and reweighted observation noise covariance are produced under the OR-IEKF framework, which could cut off the large outliers in observations causing by unknown outlier noises. By using various robust cost functions to solve such special nonlinear regression problems, we derive three algorithms. The performances of these new filters are evaluated in a nonlinear system simulation study.
On a goodness-of-fit test for normality with unknown parameters and type-II censored data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We propose a new goodness-of-fit test for normal and lognormal distributions with unknown parameters and type-II censored data. This test is a generalization of Michael's test for censored samples, which is based on the empirical distribution and a variance stabilizing transformation. We estimate the parameters of the model by using maximum likelihood and Gupta's methods. The quantiles of the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis are obtained through Monte Carlo simulations. The power of the proposed test is estimated and compared to that of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test also using simulations. The new test is more powerful than the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test in most of the studied cases. Acceptance regions for the PP, QQ and Michael's stabilized probability plots are derived, making it possible to visualize which data contribute to the decision of rejecting the null hypothesis. Finally, an illustrative example is presented.
Preliminary development of a biomimetic amphibious robot capable of multi-mode motion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the mechatronic issues of an amphibious robot capable of multi-mode motion, entirely inspired by some impressive propulsion solutions offered by the Nature. Considering that the oscillating fin utilized by fishes and cetaceans is an efficient propulsive mode under water and wheel is another formidable opponent on ground, a multi-purpose, amphibious propulsive mechanism that combines carangiform or dolphin-like swimming and wheel-like motions is designed. Based on the module-based structure, the robot is composed of a head, multiple identical propelling-units, and a flapping foil, which allows for flexible propulsion, reliable maintenance, as well as scalable fabrication. Further, an ARM-based embedded control system is designed and corresponding motion control algorithms are addressed. Preliminary experiments with the prototype finally validate the effectiveness of the multi-mobility mechanism and control.
Erythropoiesis in the Anemia of Bone Marrow Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A B S T R A CT The quantitative relationship between red cell volume, erythropoietin level, and erythropoiesis was evaluated in 43 human beings. Results in normal man were compared with studies in patients with anemia from bone marrow failure and with polycythemia vera. The maximum erythropoietin excretion after bleeding normal men was similar to the basal levels found in patients with chronic anemia of similar magnitude. Although erythropoietin values were low in patients with polycythemia vera, bleeding evoked a normal response. In patients anemic from bone marrow failure, basal levels were elevated, and phlebotomy resulted in an increase consistent with the new level of anemia. These observations indicate that erythropoietin level is affected primarily by the degree of anemia and is not influenced by the duration of anemia. In normal subjects, a fivefold increase in urinary erythropoietin was associated with a doubling of erythropoiesis. Despite similar degrees of erythropoietin production, anemic patients with evidence of bone marrow in the lower extremities had greater red cell production. In patients with polycythemia vera, red cell production was inappropriately elevated with regard to the urinary erythropoietin excretion. Bone marrow maturation time was not shortened in patients anemic from bone marrow failure to the same degree as in bled, normal volunteers. In addition to an adequate level of erythropoietin production, normal bone marrow function is necessary for maximal shortening of matu
Structural Requirements for Glycosaminoglycan Recognition by the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Borrelia burgdorferi , the Lyme disease agent, binds glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparin, heparan sulfate, and dermatan sulfate. Heparin or heparan sulfate fractions separated by size or charge were tested for their ability to inhibit attachment of B. burgdorferi to Vero cells. GAG chains of increasing length and/or charge showed increasing inhibitory potency, and detectable heparin inhibition of bacterial binding required a minimum of 16 residues. The ability of a given heparin fraction to inhibit binding to Vero cells was strongly predictive of its ability to inhibit hemagglutination, suggesting that hemagglutination reflects the capacity of B. burgdorferi to bind to GAGs.