jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Trace Element Composition of Molybdenite: Deposit Type Discrimination and Limitations

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Molybdenite is a common sulfide hosting many trace elements. Trace elements in molybdenite from individual deposits have been widely used to constrain the source and conditions of ore-forming fluids. However, the relationship between the trace element composition of molybdenite and deposit types has not been well investigated from a large dataset. Here, simple statistics and partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to determine whether different types of deposits can be distinguished by trace elements in molybdenite and what factors control the variations in trace element composition based on published laser ablation ICP–MS data. Molybdenite from porphyry deposits is separated from that from quartz veins, greisen Sn–W, granite vein Mo, and granodiorite Mo deposits. The former is characterized by relatively high Re, Cu, Ag, Se, Pb, Bi, and Te contents, whereas the latter has higher Ni, Co, Sn, Sb and W contents. Molybdenite from the quartz vein Au ± W deposits (Au-dominated), and porphyry Cu–Au–Mo (moderate Au) are separated from other deposits without gold due to positive correlations with Au, Sb, Te, Pb, and Bi for the former. Assemblages of Au–Sb–Te–Pb–Bi in molybdenite are thus useful to discriminate as to whether deposits contain gold and the degree of gold mineralization. Higher oxygen fugacity is responsible for the relative enrichment of W in molybdenite from greisen Sn–W deposits, whereas lower oxygen fugacity results in the relative enrichment of Re in molybdenite from porphyry Cu ± Mo ± Au and Mo ± Cu ± Au deposits. There are some limitations to using molybdenite as an indicator mineral because of the complex occurrences of elements in molybdenite, large compositional variations within a specific deposit type, and an imbalanced dataset. To develop molybdenite as an indicator mineral tool, further work should be carried out to overcome these limitations. This study provides an attempt to classify deposit types using molybdenite trace elements and has important implications for ore genesis research and mineral exploration.
The Hidden Face of Haiti's Tragedy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We read with great interest your recent News of the Week story “Haiti's quake shifts clinic's focus from AIDS to aid” (J. Cohen, 29 January, p. [509][1]). In addition to the destruction of major civil services, including hospitals and medical centers, there is a less-attended but equally important effect of this disaster. This earthquake will probably lead to an extreme rise in mental disorders—especially stress-related illnesses such as acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)—in victims who have lost family support systems and face economic instability and an uncertain future. The impact of stress disorders is especially devastating in developing countries, where already underdeveloped health services cannot cope with the flood of traumatized people seeking refuge and help ([ 1 ][2]).

Handling mental disorders is understandably second to treating the physical injuries of survivors. However, the increased prevalence of stress disorders will impede Haiti's recovery; these types of disorders are associated with other psychiatric illnesses ([ 2 ][3]) and have debilitating effects that will burden the health services. It is our hope that along with the recovery and aid to Haiti, there will be international programs put in place to assist refugees suffering from stress disorders and aid them in recuperating and rebuilding their lives.

1. [↵][4] 1. M. Ben-Ezra
, Nature 430, 611 (2004).
[OpenUrl][5][PubMed][6][Web of Science][7]

2. [↵][8] 1. P. P. Schnurr 2. et al
., Science 303, [168][9] (2004).

[1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.327.5965.509
[2]: #ref-1
[3]: #ref-2
[4]: #xref-ref-1-1 View reference 1 in text
[5]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNature%253B%2BPhysical%2BScience%2B%2528London%2529%26rft.stitle%253DNature%253B%2BPhysical%2BScience%2B%2528London%2529%26rft.aulast%253DBen-Ezra%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%26rft.volume%253D430%26rft.issue%253D7000%26rft.spage%253D611%26rft.epage%253D611%26rft.atitle%253DTraumatic%2Bevents%2Btake%2Btheir%2Btoll%2Bon%2Bmental%2Bhealth.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15295570%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx
[6]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15295570&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F327%2F5971%2F1325.2.atom
[7]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000223085400018&link_type=ISI
[8]: #xref-ref-2-1 View reference 2 in text
[9]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/303/5655/168c
Coverage index of various communication platforms: a segmented approach to philippine university marketing

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The digital era has ushered the rise in the utilisation of alternative communication platforms in integrated marketing communications (IMC). The contemporary business environment necessitates employing high-yield communication platforms to help sustain and further an institution’s position in the industry. This paper aims to identify the most efficient platforms employed by the university, accounting the preference of the target audience and the platform’s actual reach through a gauge termed coverage index (CI). Results from net 303 valid responses, gathered via an online survey, show that the following in descending arrangement: relatives/friends, open house, social media, and university website are in the upper quartile (CI>67.78%). Further, variance analysis uncovered differences in the preference and reach ratings of certain platforms when respondents are classified according to demographic characteristics. Universities then can strategize their IMC applying high CI platforms. Additionally, the segmented approach to marketing can be incorporated depending on the prospective students’ profile.
Interaction of E-Service Quality, Experiential Marketing, Trust, and Satisfaction on Repurchase Intention

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to test the influence of e-service quality, experiential marketing, trust, and satisfaction on repurchase intentions. The population in this study was Bukalapak consumers with a sample number of 98 respondents. Sampling methods use convenience sampling techniques. Sample analysis method using Partial Least Square (PLS) with SmartPLS 3.0 program. The results showed that e-service quality had a significant and positive effect on trust and satisfaction. Experiential marketing has a significant and positive effect on trust, but experiential marketing has no significant effect on satisfaction. Trust and satisfaction have a significant and positive influence on repurchase intentions.
Comparative investigation of auxiliary processes for increasing the strength of clinched joints

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Mechanical clinching has been widely used in the field of automotive industry in recent years. However, the clinched joint has a lower static strength than spot welding. In order to increase the static strength, a comparative investigation of two auxiliary processes for increasing the strength of clinched joints was carried out. One auxiliary process needs a rivet, while another auxiliary process needs a bumped die. Tension-shearing strength tests and cross-tensile strength tests were conducted to assess the static strengths of the joints after different auxiliary processes. Failure mode of all the joints was neck fracture in the tension-shearing strength tests and cross-tensile strength tests. Geometrical parameters of the joint profile were also investigated by comparing the two auxiliary processes. The values of energy absorption of different joints were obtained by measuring the areas between the force–displacement curve and x-coordinate. The two auxiliary processes were proved to be effective. The auxiliary process with a rivet has a better performance than the auxiliary process with a bumped die.
Generating Instructions at Different Levels of Abstraction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

When generating technical instructions, it is often convenient to describe complex objects in the world at different levels of abstraction. A novice user might need an object explained piece by piece, while for an expert, talking about the complex object (e.g. a wall or railing) directly may be more succinct and efficient. We show how to generate building instructions at different levels of abstraction in Minecraft. We introduce the use of hierarchical planning to this end, a method from AI planning which can capture the structure of complex objects neatly. A crowdsourcing evaluation shows that the choice of abstraction level matters to users, and that an abstraction strategy which balances low-level and high-level object descriptions compares favorably to ones which don't.
Grigelis semirugosus ? (d'Orbigny 1846

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Grigelis semirugosus? (d’Orbigny, 1846) Fig. 9 Nodosaria semirugosa d’Orbigny, 1846: 34, pl. 1 figs 20–23 (rugosa in plate text). Grigelis semirugosa – Jones 1994: 75, pl. 63 figs 23–27. non Nodosaria pyrula (d’Orbigny, 1826) – Papp & Schmid 1985: 24 (nr. 10), pl. 4 figs 6–8. Material examined ICELANDIC WATERS • 5; 66.3425° N, 23.5217° W; RP sledge; depth 158 m; 6.66°C; 35.06 ppt; 25 Jul. 2004; BIOICE 3669; IINH 40403 • 1; 63.2556° N, 21.2389° W; detr. sledge (Sneli); depth 180 m; 7.24°C; 35.11 ppt; 5 Jul. 1993; BIOICE 2465; IINH 40402. Description Test shape elongate, nearly straight to slightly curved, strongly nodular, barely tapering, or successive chambers are of equal diameter. Length of test fragments 2–3 mm, comprising 3–7 chambers; test width 0.2–0.3 mm. Chambers pear-shaped with an elongated long neck, rectilinearly arranged, with minimal embracement; chambers attached at the very end of the apertural neck; number of chambers unknown, the largest fragment has 7 chambers. Sutures horizontal. Aperture radial, protruding and central, at the end of a long neck; radial tines up to 12, symmetrically arranged and fused in the center. Longitudinal striae cover the apertural neck and the upper and lower part of the chambers, leaving the central part smooth. Secondary surface laminations absent, wall finely perforated thin and transparent. Remarks Typical G. semirugosus? has distinct costae or furrows that are mostly confined to the base of the chambers. However, the six specimen fragments at hand differ in having rather faint striations or furrows, covering the upper half and the lower part of the chambers, leaving the central part smooth (Fig. 9A). In addition to being striated, the putative P. semirugosus? differs from P. pyrula in having a relatively shorter and more conical neck. The initial end in available material is missing.
DNA fragmentation precedes aberrant expression of cell cycle-related protein in rat brain after MCA occlusion

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recent experiments suggest that apoptotic mechanisms are involved in neuronal cell death after ischemic injury. Although the exact mechanism that triggers activation of apoptotic machinery remains uncertain, in vitro studies revealed that forced expression of cell cycle-related proteins induced apoptosis. Thus, aberrant expression of such proteins might be related to ischemic neuronal death. In the present experiment, we investigated expression of cell cycle-related proteins, i.e., cyclin B1, cyclin D1, cdk4, and PCNA, in rat brain after transient MCA occlusion, and compared the temporal profile of the results with that of TUNEL study, which detects double strand breaks in DNA. There were no immunoreactivities for cyclin B1, cyclin D1, and PCNA in the brain with and without ischemia. As for cdk4, however, it became present at 1 and 3 days of reperfusion after 2 h of ischemia. On the other hand, TUNEL positive cells appeared as early as 3 h of reperfusion, which peaked at 1 and 3 days. These results indicate that aberrant expression of cdk4, but not cyclin B1, cyclin D1 or PCNA, actually takes place in the brain after MCA occlusion, but this is not the causative mechanism of apoptotic cell death in the brain with ischemia.
Response to corticosteroid therapy in a patient with HTLV-I-associated motor neuron disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), or tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP), is an inflammatory disease involving mainly the thoracic spinal cord and is characterized by slowly progressive paraparesis, neurogenic bladder, and mild sensory changes. However, there have been reports of HTLV-I carriers presenting severe muscular atrophy, fasciculation, and pyramidal tract signs without obvious sensory abnormalities.1-4 The features of these patients mimic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This raises the question of whether these patients represent a clinical variant of HAM/TSP or a chance association of HTLV-I infection and ALS. To provide some insight into this issue, we performed a therapeutic trial with corticosteroid in an HTLV-I carrier with an ALS-like manifestation.

Case report. A 48-year-old man was admitted to Tenri Hospital because of bilateral hand weakness. He was born and raised on HTLV-I-endemic Kyushu Island.5 At age 36, he developed weakness in all four limbs and sensory loss below both knees 1 week after a flu-like syndrome. He spontaneously recovered from this Guillain-Barre-like syndrome sometime …
Historical study of the University of Göttingen

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1893, the world-famous mathematician Felix Klein proposed the principle of “interaction of theory and practice” after attending the Chicago World’s Fair. This principle allowed the natural sciences at the University of Göttingen to break the “distinction between pure science and its practical applications,” adapting to the true requirements of this “Scientific and Industrial Age.” On this foundation, the University of Göttingen fully exploited the freedom of movement and freedom of competition for talented people, recruiting the top natural scientists to establish the famous “Göttingen School.” In addition, its rigorous academic atmosphere and excellent scholarly traditions allowed it to achieve great development of the natural sciences, even as its position fell with regard to the humanities and the social sciences: the University of Göttingen fully earned the title of “world-class university,” giving rise to the “brilliant Göttingen era” in the history of education and scientific development.
A targeted screening method for peripheral arterial disease: a pilot study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Podiatrists play a central role in conducting non-invasive vascular foot assessment in the general population. Routine clinical assessment of lower limb arterial flow in at risk patients is essential in early detection and monitoring of the disease. There are a variety of clinical examinations available to clinicians in order to determine adequacy of blood supply to the lower extremity. However, recent research suggests that certain conditions, such as advanced age, diabetes, renal failure and medial arterial calcification can affect the accuracy of some of these examinations. Currently, there are no specific guidelines dictating the most appropriate methods of assessing lower limb vascular status for Podiatrists. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a targeted vascular screening method for podiatrists.
Permanent Supportive Housing for Homeless Transition Age Youth in Portland, Oregon

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Designed to engage and attract homeless youth into recovery StreetRISE is a collaboration of treatment, social service, and research partners which provides treatment and supportive services for homeless transition age youth in Permanent Supportive Housing. StreetRISE is managed by Outside In with additional services through Janus Youth Programs and DePaul Treatment Centers. The Regional Research Institute for Human Services (RRI) at Portland State University is conducting the evaluation of the StreetRISE project. StreetRISE provides homeless youth age 17-25: outreach, recovery-oriented activities seven days a week, substance use and mental health treatment, case management, education and employment supports, life skills training, integrated primary medical care, and access to permanent supportive housing. StreetRISE has served 42 youth in Permanent Supportive Housing and engaged an additional 154 youth into recovery-oriented treatment activities. The primary evidence based practice used by StreetRISE is Assertive Community Treatment (ACT). StreetRISE participants receive primary medical care integrated with mental health, substance use treatment, and alternative care in coordination with Outside In’s Clinic, a Federally Qualified Health Center. Funding for StreetRISE is provided by a five-year grant from the U.S. Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA Grant #T1020487). The grant period is October 2008 - September 2013.
Correlation between Knowledge, Attitude, and Compliance of Preventive Behaviors regarding Middle East Respiratory Syndrome among Nursing Students

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the level of knowledge, attitude and compliance of preventive behaviors of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) among nursing students. Methods: The study sample consisted of 219 nursing students. Through the use of a structured questionnaire, data collection was conducted from June 1st to June 30th 2015. The descriptive statistics, independent t-tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient were employed to analyze the data. Results: The score of the MERS-related knowledge was 9.15 out of 13. The participants had a positive attitude toward the MERS. The level of MERS-related knowledge was high in the case of temporary school closure or break in clinical practice because of the clinical training in hospitals that MERS occurred (t=2.42, p=.016). The compliance level of the preventive behavior for MERS was high in female students (t=-2.11, p=.036), in the case of temporary school closure or break in clinical practice due to the clinical training in hospitals that MERS occurred (t=3.29, p=.001), and in students that had MERS-related education for prevention (t=2.80, p=.006). The MERS-related knowledge was positively correlated with the level of compliance for preventive behavior (r=.18, p=.009). Conclusion: To prevent MERS infection in nursing students, the level of knowledge on MERS should be enhanced so that they can practice preventive behaviors against it. Additionally, the MERS infection control education should include etiology and treatment products based on the MERS response guideline issued by the Centers for Korea Disease Control and Prevention. Key Words: Attitude; Knowledge; Middle East respiratory syndrome; Preventive behavior Key Words: 태도; 지식; 메르스; 예방행위
Mixture model and Markov random field-based remote sensing image unsupervised clustering method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, a novel method for remote sensing image clustering based on mixture model and Markov random field (MRF) is proposed. A remote sensing image can be considered as Gaussian mixture model. The image clustering result corresponding to the image label field is a MRF. So, the image clustering procedure is transformed to a maximum a posterior (MAP) problem by Bayesian theorem. The intensity difference and the spatial distance between the two pixels in the same clique are introduced into the traditional MRF potential function. The iterative conditional model (ICM) is employed to find the solution of MAP. We use the max entropy criterion to choose the optimal clustering number. In the experiments, the method is compared with the traditional MRF clustering method using ICM and simulated annealing (SA). The results show that this method is better than the traditional MRF model both in noise filtering and miss-classification ratio.
Discussing sexuality with patients with Parkinson's disease: a survey among Dutch neurologists

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sexual functioning is often impaired in patientswith Parkinson&rsquo;s disease (PD) and may affect quality oflife of patients and their spouse. However, little is knownabout the practice patterns of neurologists with regard todiscussing sexuality in this field. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate to what extent neurologistsdiscuss sexuality with PD patients. A 22-item questionnairewas sent to 139 neurologists specializing in PD. The surveycontained questions about their attitudes, knowledge, andpractice patterns with respect to sexual dysfunction (SD) inpatients with PD. The response rate of the survey was66.9%. Most participants (56.8%) stated that they addresssexuality in less than half of their PD patients. High age ofpatients (42.0%), insufficient consultation time (37.5%),and a lack of patients&rsquo; initiative to raise the topic them-selves (36.4%) were frequently reported barriers towardsdiscussing sexuality. The majority of participants consid-ered that discussing sexuality is a responsibility that laywith neurologists (85.2%), nurses (73.9%), and patients(72.7%). One quarter of the neurologists reported to haveinsufficient or no knowledge on SD. The majority of par-ticipants regarded screening for SD important or slightlyimportant (85.2%). A large proportion of Dutch neurolo-gists specializing in PD do not routinely discuss sexualitywith their PD patients. Sexual healthcare in PD patientsmay benefit from time-efficient tools and agreements onwho is responsible for discussing SD. Furthermore, rec-ommendations in PD guidelines on screening and manag-ing SD should be adapted to fit everyday practicehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/&nbsp;CC BY 4.0https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Researching the Behavior of Students Regarding the Multicultural Approach during of Physical Education Lesson in Greek Elementary School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years in Greece the systematic introduction of refugees and immigrant students has resulted in a change in the cultural environment in the field of primary education which in turn has influenced the teaching methods of the courses in an effort to in a better way approach the new situation. Physical Education as a school subject is a valuable tool for adaptability and approach to the new situation by introducing students with different cultures. The purpose of this study is to investigate the behaviors that are displayed during the physical education course by native students at primary schools for classmates of different nationalities. For the completion of the study, a sample of 1045 students of 5th and 6th grade was approached by random sampling representative from all regions of Greece. The data collection tool was a behavioral self-assessment questionnaire that has been used in another relevant research in the Greek scientific field. The analysis was performed with the IBM SPSSv21 Statistical Analysis package. From the results of the work, it seems that there are significant differences between the students of the 5th / 3rd grade and those of the 6th grade, as well as between boys and girls in the multicultural approach during the practice of physical-sports activities. In particular, 5th graders place more emphasis on rewarding good effort, positive reinforcement and motivation as well as accepting the rights of others, while 6th graders display more inappropriate verbal behavior and annoyance on others. The behavior of irresponsibility seems to be displayed to a greater extent by boys than by girls, while the latter ones exhibit the behavior of helping others to a greater extent.