jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sex‐linked altruism: A stepping‐stone in the evolution of social behavior?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A verbal model is presented for a mechanism that enhances the probability of the evolution of altruism in diploids if the gene for altruism arises on the X chromosome. If the altruism takes place between sibs of the homogametic sex, the condition for spread of a sex‐linked gene for altruism is less stringent than for an autosomal gene. Then, with altruistic behavior present, selection for increased efficiency (benefit/cost ratio) may raise the efficiency above the autosomal threshold before autosomal modifiers are widespread enough to eliminate the behavior. The results of computer simulations confirms that, if the initial benefit/cost ratio is lower than 2, sex‐linkage can make the evolution of altruism more likely.
Fake supersymmetry versus Hamilton-Jacobi

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We explain when the first-order Hamilton-Jacobi equations for black holes (and domain walls) in (gauged) supergravity, reduce to the usual first-order equations derived from a fake superpotential. This turns out to be equivalent to the vanishing of a newly found constant of motion and we illustrate this with various examples. We show that fake supersymmetry is a necessary condition for having physically sensible extremal black hole solutions. We furthermore observe that small black holes become scaling solutions near the horizon. When combined with fake supersymmetry, this leads to a precise extension of the attractor mechanism to small black holes: The attractor solution is such that the scalars move on specific curves, determined by the black hole charges, that are purely geodesic, although there is a non-zero potential.
Economic policy uncertainty and exchange market pressure in Nigeria: a quantile regression analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The present study examines the relationship between economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and exchange market pressure (EMP) in Nigeria using the quantile regression econometric technique, and monthly data from 1996 to 2019. For robust analysis, this study investigates the effect of both global and domestic economic policy uncertainties on EMP in Nigeria. The evidence from the results implies that there is structural independence between global EPU and EMP in Nigeria on one hand and between domestic EPU and EMP on the other hand, especially in periods when the market is experiencing bearish and tranquility conditions. Regardless of the possible impacts global and domestic EPU may have on EMP, the co-movement of EPU and EMP in Nigeria is unaffected. However, the effect of the association strengthens for the upper quantiles.
MR imaging of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in health and disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The CSF flows in the aqueduct and at the foramen magnum were examined in 5 patients with communicating hydrocephalus (HC) and in 10 with benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) as well as in 5 healthy volunteers. As compared to normal individuals, the aqueductal flow in HC was about 10 times larger and the cervical flow was half as large. In BIH the CSF flows were not different from those of normal volunteers. The decreased arterial expansion as reflected in the reduced cervical flow in HC may be due to pathologic changes in the arteries and paravascular spaces. The large aqueductal flow in HC reflects a large brain expansion, causing increased transcerebral mantle pressure gradient and ventricular dilatation. In BIH there is a normal brain expansion (aqueductal flow) and consequently no ventricular dilatation. It is argued that BIH be caused by an obstruction on the venous side, as opposed to the vascular alterations in HC, which are on the arterial side.
Analysis of the remote sensing prospecting technology for geological and mineral exploration

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

with the continuous development of science and technology in, the current exploration techniques used in t He traditional society has been optimized based on artificial prospecting technology based on the application of advanced Scientific technology T, support the geological exploration work carried out effectively and to provide abundant L Mineral. Based on the analysis of remote sensing technology in geological and mineral exploration, this paper would provide effectiv e Theoretical reference for improving the comprehensive strength of geological and mineral in.
Estimation the number of economically inactive people in poviats of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship using methods of small area statistics

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to estimate the number of economically inactive people at a level of poviats in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship using selected methods of small area statistics and to assess the precision of the estimates obtained. The analysis is an example of the use of selected small area estimators to estimate the number of economically inactive people in poviats of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship. The obtained results allow to inference about the size of the economically inactive population at a relatively low level of aggregation. Previously used in public statistics estimation methods did not give the possibility to obtain data at this level due to the large errors of estimates.
Flight Results of Precise Autonomous Orbit Keeping Experiment on PRISMA Mission

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Autonomous Orbit Keeping (AOK) experiment on the PRISMA mission was executed \nsuccessfully from the 18th of July to the 16th of August 2011 and has demonstrated the capability \nof autonomous precise absolute orbit control. Using GPS-based absolute navigation \ndata, AOK commanded thruster activations in the orbital frame to autonomously control the \nsatellite’s longitude of ascending node (LAN) within a predefined window. The main performance \nrequirement of the experiment was a control accuracy of the LAN of 10 m (1� sigma) \nwith a maneuver velocity increment-decrement available budget of 0.5 m/s. After a 4-days \ncommissioning phase, the reference orbit was acquired. A 3.5-days controller tuning was \nthen followed by the fine orbit control phase started on the 30th of July until the end of the \nexperiment. The control accuracy requirement was fulfilled. The mean value of the LAN \ndeviation controlled by AOK was -3.6 m with a standard deviation of 9.5 m during the fine \ncontrol phase. The total delta-v spent during the entire experiment was 0.1347 m/s corresponding \nto 27% of the maneuvers budget allocated. Digital Video System (DVS) data-takes \non Earth have played an important role in the planning and execution of the AOK experiment \nas they mimic a remote sensing payload.
A glimpse of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae responses to NaCl stress

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been widely used in fermentation and brewing industries. In industrial fermentation processes, the raw material often attaches certain NaCl or Na+ into bioreactor. High salinity represents an osmotic stress and specific ion toxicity for yeast cell. Protective biochemical reactions range from the synthesis of osmolyte to altered ion transportation, signal transduction, transcriptional response and translational response. This review will focus on responses of the yeast S. cerevisiae and mechanisms of adaptation to NaCl stress and offer a glimpse at the mechanisms of ion homeostasis, regulation of HOG (High Osmosis Glycerol) signaling pathway and the genomic expression response of the cells against the stress.

Key words: Genomic expression response, HOG (High Osmosis Glycerol) signaling pathway, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, saline stress.
ChemInform Abstract: Free‐Radical Hydroxymethylation of Ketimines Generated in situ: A One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of β,β‐Disubstituted‐β‐aminoalcohols.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Oxidative radical addition of methanol and aromatic amines to simple aliphatic ketones offers a novel synthesis of β,β‐disubstituted‐β‐aminoalcohols.
PENGARUH KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL DAN PROFESIONAL TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA PEGAWAI DENGAN MOTIVASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING DIKANTOR DINAS PENDIDIKAN KEPEMUDAAN DAN OLAHRAGA KABUPATEN SOLOK SELATAN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the significant influence of Organizational and Professional Commitment on Employee Job Satisfaction with Motivation as Intervening Variables. The population of this research is all civil servant employees who work in the Youth and Sports Education Office of South Solok Regency. The study sampling was determined using total sampling. The samples used in this study were 55 civil servants in the Department of Youth and Sports Education, South Solok Regency. Data was collected from respondents' results and analyzed by simple linear regression. The results of the study show that Organizational Commitment influences Job Satisfaction positively and significantly, professional influences job satisfaction positively and significantly, Organizational Commitment influences Motivation positively and significantly, Professional influences motivation positively and significantly, Motivation influences job satisfaction positively and significantly, Organizational Commitment with motivation as an intervening variable indirectly influences Employee job satisfaction, Direct professional influence with motivation as an intervening variable on Employee job satisfaction, is actually greater than indirect influence. The results of the study indicate that organizational commitment has the greatest influence on Employee job satisfaction Therefore, organizational commitment needs to be improved by the Department of Youth and Sports Education of South Solok Regency.
Response of summer okra (cv. Phule Utkarsha) to iron, zinc and boron in inceptisol.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted to study the response of summer okra (cv. Phule Utkarsha) to iron, zinc and boron in Inceptisol at Regional Fruit Research Station, Ganeshkhind, Pune (M.S.) during 2007-08. The objective of experiment was to study the effect of iron, zinc and boron on growth, yield, quality, nutrient uptake of okra and soil properties after harvest of okra. There were twelve treatments viz., water spray, foliar spray FeSO4 (0.5 %), foliar spray ZnSO4 (0.5 %), foliar spray boric acid (0.2 %), foliar spray FeSO4+ ZnSO4 (0.5 % each), foliar spray FeSO4 (0.5 %) + boric acid (0.2 %), foliar spray ZnSO4 (0.5 %) + boric acid (0.2 %), foliar spray FeSO4 + ZnSO4 (0.5 % each) + boric acid (0.2%), soil application of FeSO4@ 20 kg ha-1, soil application of ZnSO4@ 20 kg ha-1, soil application of FeSO4+ ZnSO4@ 20 kg ha-1 each and soil application of FeSO4 + ZnSO4@ 20 kg ha-1 each + borax @ 5 kg ha-1. The experiment was laid in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The foliar sprays of micronutrients were done at 30 days and 45 days after sowing of okra. The soil application of micronutrients were done at the time of sowing. The results of experiment indicated that the soil application of FeSO4+ ZnSO4@ 20 kg ha-1each + borax @ 5 kg ha-1 registered significantly higher plant height (155.64cm), higher number of nodes per plant (24.96), higher number of days to 50 % flowering (43.67). The higher average fruit diameter (1.60 cm), higher fruit length (11.30 cm) and average fruit weight (11.67 g) were found in T11. The micronutrient application to okra helped to improve yield parameters. The soil application of FeSO4+ ZnSO4@ 20 kg ha-1 each + borax @ 5 kg ha-1 yielded significantly higher yield (205.8 q ha-1) and was at par with foliar spray FeSO4 + ZnSO4 (0.5 % each) + boric acid (0.2%) (196.4 q ha-1), soil application of FeSO4 + ZnSO4@ 20 kg ha-1 each (191.2 q ha-1) and foliar spray FeSO4 + ZnSO4 (0.5 % each) (191.2 q ha-1). In general the combined application of FeSO4+ ZnSO4@ 20 kg ha-1 each + borax@ 5 kg ha-1 as soil application and foliar sprays of FeSO4 (0.5 %) + ZnSO4 (0.5 %) + boric acid (0.2%), both treatments were found significantly effective in increasing the yield of okra and maintained soil properties. The uptake of nitrogen was significantly higher due to soil application of FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + borax (48.03 kg ha-1) and at par with foliar spray FeSO4 + ZnSO4+ boric acid (45.84 kg ha-1) and soil application of FeSO4+ ZnSO4@ 20 kg ha-1each (45.61 kg ha-1). The similar treatment showed significantly higher uptake of phosphorus and potassium. The application of FeSO4, ZnSO4 and borax either alone or in combination helped to increase the uptake of iron, zinc, boron, manganese and copper by okra.
Theory-Driven or Theory-Informed? A Review of Behavioural Economics in Design

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The design community has an increasing interest in behaviour change and applying it intentionally in design processes. At the same time, practitioners from diverse fields such as health and policy have embraced behavioural economics theory to inform behaviour change interventions. The success of behavioural economics—or nudge—theory can be explained by its visible results with small investments; however, its application is limited to discrete problems and long-term effects are unclear. Designers look for possibilities and desirable futures rather than discrete interventions based on science. This article is a critical review of behavioural economics theory and its limited application in designing products and systems that are expected to change human behaviours or lifestyles. A behavioural economics-driven design process only works for situations that are narrow and specific. In the majority of design projects, behavioural economics concepts are a reference that informs designers and some design activities like ideation.
[Sodium bicarbonate infusion for intoxication with tricyclic antidepressives: recommended inspite of lack of scientific evidence].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sodium bicarbonate infusion is widely recommended in textbooks for patients who present with self-poisoning from tricyclic antidepressives. Cardiac conduction disorders could also be treated or prevented by means of such an infusion. The scientific basis for these recommendations was investigated by using Medline to search for publications about clinical studies that supported the use of sodium carbonate; 111 articles were scrutinized. Observational studies and case reports mention a rapid improvement in hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias following the administration of sodium bicarbonate. Results from animal experiments are contentious; it is not clear whether alkalinisation or the administration of extra sodium causes the effect. Randomized studies in patients have not been carried out. As the toxicity of sodium bicarbonate is low, and its potential benefit appears to be high, we recommend its use, despite the lack of scientific evidence. No recommendations concerning dosing, concentration and the length of the therapy can be provided on the basis of the literature.
Detecting donor-specific antibodies: the importance of sorting the wheat from the chaff

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatibility is very important for successful transplantation of solid organs. In this paper, we focused on the humoral arm of immunity in the clinical setting of organ transplantation: how HLA antibodies develop, how they can be detected, and what they can do to injure organ transplants. Specifically, we explore the technical perspectives of detecting donor-specific antibodies (DSA) in HLA laboratories, and use real-life clinical cases to explain the principles. Currently there are many tools in our HLA antibody detection toolbox: conventional cytotoxicity cross match, flow cross match, and solid phase assays using beads conjugated with single or multiple HLA antigens. Single antigen bead (SAB) assay is the most sensitive tool available for detecting HLA antibodies and assessing the immunological risk for organ transplant. However, there are intrinsic limitations to solid-phase assays and they are prone to both false negativity and importantly, false positivity. Denatured antigens on single antigen beads might be the most prominent source of false positive reactivity, and may have been underestimated by many HLA experts. No single assay is perfect and therefore multiple methods, including the less sensitive assays, should be employed to determine the clinical relevance of detected HLA antibodies. Thoughtful process, including knowledge of HLA systems, cross reactivity, epitopes, and the patient’s clinical history should be employed to correctly interpret data. The clinical team should work closely with HLA laboratories to ensure accurate interpretation of information and optimal management of patients before and after organ transplantation.
MONITORING OF GLOBODERA SPP. IN LITHUANIA USING DIAGNOSTIC MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A total of 11,406 soil samples from 2,742 ha were collected in 10 administrative regions of Lithuania during the year 2006. A total of 672 cysts were selected and species were morphologically identified as Globodera rostochiensis. Of these cysts, 117 from 5 administrative regions of Lithuania were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Two pairs of species-specific primers were used to distinguish G. rostochiensis from G. pallida. This is the first application of a PCR method for identification of Globodera species in Lithuania.
Prioritization of Army Strategic Mobility Program Resources (PASMPR).

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : The US Army has become a force based primarily in the United States, which increases the need to transport units rapidly overseas. The study is sponsored by ODCSLOG and involves the prioritization of about 400 deployment enhancements that are competing for funding in the 1996-2001 timeframe, at a cost of about $4 billion. A large scale mixed integer programing formulation is presented to solve the problem of deciding which projects should be funded to improve the responsiveness of the Army to react to conflicts. The objective is to minimize the weighted sum of brigade-size unit lateness based on arrival time requirements in given operation plans and scenarios. The weights are derived based on a risk analysis that relates unit arrival sequence to combat outcomes. Constraints include restrictions on expenditures by year and appropriation allowable funding profiles, and sequential nature of the implementation of candidate projects. Performance aspects of the model will be discussed and results will be given.
Statistical anxiety and attitudes towards statistics: Criterion-related construct validity of the HFS-R questionnaire revisited using Rasch models

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In 2018, Nielsen and Kreiner provided evidence that the Attitudes and Relationship to Statistics—Revised (HFS-R) questionnaire provides essentially valid, objective, and reliable measurement of three statistical anxiety constructs and one statistical attitude construct among students of sociology and public health. The purpose of the study described in this paper was to revisit the HFS-R instrument to assess the degree to which the properties of the instrument and its subscales extends to students of psychology. The study confirmed that this was largely the case. HFS-R is again found to provide essentially valid, objective and reliable measures of a three-dimensional construct related to Statistical Anxiety and a unidimensional construct associated with attitudes towards statistics. This paper provides the documentation supporting these claims.
Mutual Fund Investment Style Consistency and Risk-adjusted Performance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

While it is commonly agreed on that a mutual fund´s investment style influences its returns to investors, academia has not fully explored the relationship between a mutual fund´s consistency with its stated investment style and risk-adjusted performance. The study at hand employs a novel consistency ratio by means of the return-based style analysis for U.S. equity mutual funds to investigate that relationship. Based on their consistency scores, mutual funds are subsequently divided into quintiles and compared for their risk-adjusted performance. Evidence is found that investment style consistency does influence risk-adjusted returns and that the financial crisis had a major impact on that relation. While a convex curve describes the relationship between style consistency and fund performance before the financial crisis, it reversed into a concave curve afterwards. This study contributes to current research by going beyond a linear relationship between mutual fund investment style consistency and risk-adjusted performance, commonly assumed in prior studies.
Circulation and flow: Immanent metaphors in the financial debates of Northern Song China (960–1127 CE)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Song Empire (960–1279 CE) had a larger population, a higher agricultural output, a more efficient infrastructure, and a more extensive monetary system than any previous empire in Chinese history. As local jurisdictions during the eleventh century became entangled in empire-wide economic relations and trans-regional commercial litigation, imperial officials sought to reduce the bewildering movement of people, goods, and money to an immanent cosmic pattern. They reasoned that because money and commerce brought to imperial subjects the goods they required to survive, money and commerce must be beneficent, and because they were beneficent, they must conform to the immanent pattern of the moral cosmos, as did everything else that was enduringly sustaining of life and wellbeing. And because money and commerce conformed to the moral cosmos, officials attempted to understand their workings by analogy with other phenomena that sustained human life, such as the flow of water and the circulation of vital essences through the human body. During the 1030s and 1040s, officials and scholars believed that knowledge of the cosmic pattern lay within their grasp, and that this knowledge would allow them to align culture with nature, and the present with hallowed antiquity. By the 1080s, however, this intellectual optimism had been defeated by irreconcilable disagreements about financial and economic policy. The failure of the attempt to understand finance by natural analogy draws attention to the underlying ideological insistence on moral learning as the basis for political power, and to the very limited range of economic discourse that has been preserved in eleventh-century texts.