jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study on Microwave-assisted Viscosity Reduction Technology of G. heterophylla Polysaccharide Gum

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The stagewise degradation process of G. heterophylla polysaccharide gum assisted by microwave was studied. Through the coupling of microwave treatment with strong oxidizer and KOH, as well as β-mannanase hydrolysis, the high viscosity of the gum was degraded to a lower level, with the concentration increasing from 1% to 10 %. After β-mannanase hydrolyzing the gum for 24 h, the content of galacto-mannan-oligosaccharides is up to 73.8%, while the content of monosaccharide is 26.23%.
Feline Herpesvirus-1

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Practical relevance Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) is a major cause of feline morbidity. Following exposure to the virus, virtually all cats become persistently infected and many of these will develop recrudescent disease on one or more occasions during their lifetime. Acute ocular herpetic disease manifests as conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration and keratitis, and can be severe and painful. Repeated bouts of recrudescent ocular disease can lead to progressive corneal pathology that can be ultimately blinding in affected cats. Global importance FHV-1 has a worldwide distribution, with reported exposure rates in some cat populations of up to 97%. As such it is a significant cause of clinical disease in the global cat population. Patient group Young and adolescent cats are most at risk of acute primary disease, and the vast majority of these will become persistently infected. Around half of all persistently infected cats will shed virus at some stage in their life and these may develop recrudescent ocular disease. Clinical challenges Treatment of FHV-1 ocular disease is challenging. Antiviral medications may be expensive, and require good owner and patient compliance. Clinical responses in patients can be variable. Selecting the appropriate therapeutic approach requires good clinical judgement, with assessment of factors such as severity and stage of clinical disease, patient and owner compliance, and financial considerations. Evidence base Although a wide range of antiviral treatments is available, few have been tested in controlled clinical trials. Therapeutic decisions are, therefore, often based on results of in vitro studies, case-based reports and anecdote. Large, masked, controlled clinical trials are required in order to determine the efficacy of the antiviral drugs currently available to treat FHV-1.
Development of the Proximal-Anterior Skeletal Elements in the Mouse Hindlimb Is Regulated by a Transcriptional and Signaling Network Controlled by Sall4

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The vertebrate limb serves as an experimental paradigm to study mechanisms that regulate development of the stereotypical skeletal elements. In this study, we simultaneously inactivated Sall4 using Hoxb6Cre and Plzf in mouse embryos, and found that their combined function regulates development of the proximal-anterior skeletal elements in hindlimbs. The Sall4; Plzf double knockout exhibits severe defects in the femur, tibia, and anterior digits, distinct defects compared to other allelic series of Sall4; Plzf. We found that Sall4 regulates Plzf expression prior to hindlimb outgrowth. Further expression analysis indicated that Hox10 genes and GLI3 are severely downregulated in the Sall4; Plzf double knockout hindlimb bud. In contrast, PLZF expression is reduced but detectable in Sall4; Gli3 double knockout limb buds, and SALL4 is expressed in the Plzf; Gli3 double knockout limb buds. These results indicate that Plzf, Gli3, and Hox10 genes downstream of Sall4, regulate femur and tibia development. In the autopod, we show that Sall4 negatively regulates Hedgehog signaling, which allows for development of the most anterior digit. Collectively, our study illustrates genetic systems that regulate development of the proximal-anterior skeletal elements in hindlimbs.
Effects of enalapril, an ACE-inhibitor, on bronchial responsiveness in asthmatics.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To assess the effects of enalapril on bronchial responsiveness, we studied ten stable asthmatics and five healthy normal volunteers. Spirometry and methacholine bronchoprovocation dose (PC20) were measured before and after oral administration of 20 mg enalapril. Significant hypotensive effect was observed in all. More than two fold (2.73) increase in bronchial responsiveness was observed in the asthmatics (P < 0.01) without significant change in the expiratory flows. PC20 after enalapril fell by 56.8 +/- 23.0% of baseline value (P < 0.001). No significant change was observed in spirometric parameters and bronchial responsiveness in normal subjects. We conclude that enalapril significantly enhances BR and cannot be used safely in treatment of hypertension in asthmatics.
Pharmacokinetics of centhaquin citrate in a rat model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objective Centhaquin citrate is a novel agent being developed for use in the treatment of haemorrhagic shock. It has decreased mortality in rat, rabbit and pig models of hypovolaemic shock compared to hypertonic saline and lactated Ringer's resuscitation. The pharmacokinetics of centhaquin citrate have not been described to date. Methods Sixteen male Sprague Dawley rats were given an intravenous bolus of 0.45 mg/kg centhaquin citrate. Rats were divided into two groups; plasma concentrations were measured at five time points for each group within 24 h after administration. Competing compartmental pharmacokinetic models were assessed. The nonparametric adaptive grid function within the Pmetrics package for R was used for parameter estimation. Predicted concentrations were calculated using population median and individual Bayesian posterior parameters. Key Findings A two-compartment model of centhaquin citrate best fit the data. Median (IQR) values for elimination coefficient (Ke), volume of distribution (V) and intercompartmental transfer rates (Kcp, Kpc) were 8.8 (5.2–12.8) h−1, 6.4 (2.8–10.4) l, 11.9 (4.6–15.0) h−1 and 3.7 (2.3–9.1) h−1, respectively. Conclusion This is the first report of the pharmacokinetic parameters of centhaquin citrate in a rat model. Centhaquin citrate was found to have a short half-life with a large volume of distribution.
SAT-787 Lower Muscle Area and Immunosuppressive Agents are Associated with Greater Bone Loss in Liver Transplant Recipients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Disclosure: S. Baek: None. J. Park: None. S. Cho: None. N. Hong: None. E. Min: None. J. Lee: None. D. Joo: None. Y. Rhee: None. Liver transplantation is a critical treatment for end-stage liver disease, but musculoskeletal complications significantly affect long-term outcomes. We introduce the Skeletal and Muscular Investigation in LiVER Transplantation (SiLVER) study to prospectively investigate changes in bone mineral density (BMD), muscle mass, muscular function, and body composition parameters in liver transplant recipients during the pre- and post-transplant periods. This comprehensive study assesses musculoskeletal health through biochemical, radiographic, and functional measures, with extensive muscular parameters including hand grip strength, weight-corrected peak jump power, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) collected serially.Among the 313 participants enrolled to date, Hepatitis B (HBV) was the most common indication for liver transplantation (37.4%), followed by alcohol-related liver disease, liver cirrhosis (non-B, non-C), and hepatitis C. 44 patients (14.1%) died during the follow-up period. Preliminary analysis revealed that 44.14% had osteopenia, 19.14% had osteoporosis, and 42.38% were diagnosed with sarcopenia at baseline. Corticosteroids and tacrolimus were used in most patients post-transplant (98.08% each), followed by mycophenolate (81.47%), mTOR inhibitors (46.33%), and cyclosporine (33.55%). Of 117 HBV patients, 47% were treated with entecavir and 42% were treated with tenofovir. The median daily corticosteroid dose was 9 mg in prednisolone equivalents.In analysis of 94 participants who completed the 1-year follow-up, significant BMD loss was observed at the femoral neck (-5.2%, p&lt;0.0001) and total hip (-4.9%, p&lt;0.0001). Post-transplant improvements were observed in grip strength (20.8%, p=0.0001) and weight-corrected peak jump power (19.3%, p=0.0003). Muscle mass decreased significantly (-4.49 cm2/m2, p&lt;0.0001), with increases in muscle density (1.92 HU, p=0.0219). Increases in both subcutaneous fat (4.50 cm2/m2, p=0.0350) and visceral fat (8.07 cm2/m2, p=0.0001) were noted. A random forest regressor model and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were used to identify the most impactful predictors of BMD loss. Higher tacrolimus doses, lower mycophenolate doses, and low muscle area were found to have the most significant impact on BMD decline.As one of the first large-scale, longitudinal, multidimensional studies in this field, the SiLVER study has the potential to provide valuable insights to guide evidence-based strategies for improving musculoskeletal health and optimizing perioperative and postoperative care. Presentation: Saturday, July 12, 2025
Serum concentration of protein, triglyceride, .BETA.-lipoprotein and cholesterol in Papua New Guinean highlanders.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In studies on human adaptation to low protein intake, sera from 18 male highlanders of Kalugaluvi in Papua New Guinea, where the main protein supply is from vegetables, were analyzed for concentrations of serum protein, triglyceride, beta-lipoprotein and cholesterol, using sera from Japanese males as controls. The serum protein concentration of the Papua New Guinean highlanders was slightly higher, albumin (A) lower and globulin (G) higher, as compared with the Japanese controls. The ratio of (A) to (G) was 1.4 for Papua New Guinean highlanders and 1.9 for Japanese. The concentrations of IgG, IgM, IgA, haptoglobin, prealbumin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin and transferrin were also determined by immunological technique. In comparison with Japanese sera, the concentrations of IgG and IgM of the sera of highlanders were significantly higher and the haptoglobin concentration was slightly higher. The concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, transferrin and IgA were similar to those of Japanese sera. A significant difference was noticed between Papua New Guinean highlanders and Japanese in serum total cholesterol concentration.
Analysis of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) Ability Based on Science Literacy for Pre-Service Primary School Teachers in Learning Science Concepts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study intends to describe and investigate the ability profile of Technological Pedagogy Content Knowledge (TPACK) based on scientific literacy for pre-service primary school teachers. The measurement of student TPACK skills is needed to determine the knowledge of technology that will be implemented in the learning process. Students' TPACK knowledge needs to be developed because integration between pedagogical abilities, material content, and technology is needed. This research is quantitative survey research. This study tested a TPACK model, which was described by the relationship between latent variables, namely from seven components, including TK, PK, CK, TPK, TCK, PCK, and TPACK. The data collection technique used a questionnaire instrument with 46 items. The questionnaire instrument was filled out by 206 pre-service primary school teachers who had taken the Science Concept, Science Application, Science Teaching Learning Course, and Field Experience Practice Courses. The results were then calculated and analyzed using a modeling test with a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. The results showed that PCK variability could be influenced by the CK and PK components of 51.5%. While the variability of TCK can be influenced by the components of CK and TK of 42.7%. The variability of the TPK can be influenced by the PK and TK components of 45.2%. Finally, the magnitude of the effect of PK, CK, TK, PCK, TPK, and TCK components on TPACK is 61.0%. The TPACK profile of pre-service primary school teachers is good with the factors that contribute most to the components that go into PK and CK. As a result, the findings of this study will contribute to the development of a more thorough profile of the TPACK competencies of pre-service primary school teachers, which can enhance their capacity to incorporate technology when they become teachers in the future.
Emotional maturity in EFL teaching: Exploring Vietnamese teachers’ perceptions and its impact on student learning outcomes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This qualitative study investigates Vietnamese EFL teachers' perceptions of how their emotional maturity impacts students' learning outcomes. Amidst the growing recognition of emotional intelligence's significance in educational settings, this research focuses on the nuanced context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education in Vietnam, where cultural and language challenges present unique demands on teachers' emotional competencies. Through semi-structured interviews with nine teachers across different career stages—novice, mid-career, and near-end—the study explores themes related to emotional regulation, empathy, emotional support, and cultural sensitivity in teaching practices. Thematic analysis revealed that teachers' ability to manage their emotions, empathize with students, create supportive learning environments, and navigate cultural nuances plays a crucial role in enhancing student engagement, participation, and overall learning outcomes. These findings align with Mayer and Salovey's model of emotional intelligence and the concept of the prosocial classroom, highlighting the importance of emotional competencies in fostering effective teaching and learning environments. The study underscores the need for integrating emotional intelligence training in teacher education and professional development programs, emphasizing cultural sensitivity and inclusivity in teaching practices. This research adds to the body of knowledge on emotional intelligence in education, offering insights into its application in the EFL context and implications for teacher development and educational policy.
Methodology for Construction Stress Evaluation for Reuse of Structural Steel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<p>Reuse of structural steel is uncommon despite significant environmental advantages that could be achieved via this practice. The most commonly known reason for this fact is the lack of information about stress history in used structural steel members. To address this deficiency, prior to construction, selected steel members of a steel-framed building were instrumented before they are delivered to the construction site. Continuous strain data was collected during the entire erecting process of the new building using a wireless sensor network to obtain novel information on construction-induced stresses. The collected data will be used to assess the magnitude of construction induced stresses. These stresses are assumed to deviate from design assumptions the most and are therefore the greatest concern for reusing structural steel.</p>
Structure of the Butadiene-Methacrylic Nitrile Copolymer

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the joint polymerization of butadiene and methacrylonitrile, the bulk of the polymer consists of macromolecules, in which the two unit components correctly alternate, and the butadiene combines in its 1,4-position. Only much fewer macromolecules are encountered in which several molecules of butadiene consecutively intercombine in 1,4-positions.
Consensus statement on the use of intramuscular aripiprazole for the rapid control of agitation in bipolar mania and schizophrenia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As much as the ideal treatment goal for severe mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia is to prevent or delay the recurrence or relapse of acute episodes, when the patient presents with an acute episode, the goal should be to manage behavioural symptoms, and return to prior levels of symptomatic control. In a serious mental illness, the management of the acutely agitated state may require rapid tranquillisation (RT) to control violent and/or disturbed behaviour when all other methods of de-escalation have failed. Current clinical practice guidelines for emergency interventions in the case of acutely disturbed behaviours favour calming the patient by reducing agitation with mild sedation, but not sleep, to allow continued interaction with the patient, to ensure an accurate diagnosis, and to enable patients to be actively engaged in treatment decisions. Pharmacotherapy is an essential element in RT and the available agents used may be unique and separate from the patient's regular course of treatment, primarily because agents used in RT may not be suitable for long-term treatment due to an unfavourable efficacy and safety profile. Therefore, the choice of pharmacotherapy is essential to achieve an effective RT and a smooth transition to standard care and routine daily life for the patient. Of the available agents for RT, aripiprazole demonstrated a favourable efficacy and safety profile both over the short-term - including in its intramuscular form (IM) - and in the long-term treatment of bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia. The objective of this article is to assess the available clinical data on IM aripiprazole as a treatment option for the rapid control of agitation and disturbed behaviours in these conditions and to provide a consensus statement based on the expertise of UK healthcare practitioners in acute treatment units.
DIETARY INTAKE OF BENZO(A)PYRENE AND RISK OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER IN IRAN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Residents of the northeastern region of Iran experience high mortality rates from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). One etiologic factor might be exposure to high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzo(|I±|)pyrene (BI±P). We examined whether food or water are the major sources of BI±P exposure in this population. Materials and Methods: We used a dietary questionnaire to assess the daily intake of staple foods (rice and bread) and water in three groups: 40 ESCC cases living in the high-risk area of northeastern Iran, 40 controls from the same area, and 40 controls from low-risk area of southern Iran. We then measured, by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FL), the BI±P concentration of bread, rice, water in 90 samples obtained from these three groups, and derived the daily intake of BI±P by multiplying daily food or water intake by their BI±P concentration. Results: Mean BI±P concentration of staple foods and water was similar and within standard levels in both areas, but the daily intake of BI±P was higher in controls from the high-risk area than in controls from the low-risk one (91.4 vs. 70.6 ng/day, pâ€¹0.01), and remained significant after adjusting for living place (urban, rural) and indoor PAH sources including smoking, opium, heating and cooking fuel. Conclusion: Although Bâ€¹P levels in staple food and water were not highly elevated, people who lived in the high-risk area may be more exposed to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through their diet.
Social Infrastructures, Military Entrepreneurship, and the Making of the Sultan’s Court in Fifteenth-Century Cairo

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper engages with the organization of the leadership of the Syro-Egyptian sultanate in the long ninth/fifteenth century, focusing particularly on the case of the court position of ‘the Chief Head of the [sultan’s] Guards’ ( raʾs nawbat al-nuwab ). It explores narrative source reports to identify the sultanate’s sixty ‘Chief Heads’ and to reconsider what they did in this capacity. Through the analytical categories of the court, social infrastructures and military entrepreneurialism, this paper furthers understandings of how these military leaders were all constitutive participants in the era’s complex processes of resource accumulation, violence-wielding, courtly reconfiguration, and state formation.
Variations on a string bag

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Situation and problem: a course‐writing team needs to converge rapidly to what it regards as: an agreed topic structure, which is keyed to agreed learning objectives, which specify relevant assessment questions in a natural learning sequence. Only then can the team members go away individually to write, knowing that everything that they write will fit together. In normal practice, this convergence is only partial: the topic structure harbors gaps, ambiguities and contradictions; the learning objectives are not keyed explicitly to the concepts in the topic structure; and questions for assessment of learners’ understanding do not directly exemplify conceptually keyed learning objectives. The result is courseware which does not help people to learn as well as it otherwise could, and which has been created with more effort than otherwise would have been needed. This paper shows how systemic methods inspired by Gordon Pask can be used to complete the necessary convergence with ease.
Aspects of renal-pulmonary pathogenic replationships in chronic kidney disease and chronic pulmonary diseases--a less-known connection.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The kidneys, as an integral part of the body, are in close functional relationship with other organs. Dysfunction of the relationship with one organ will affect the kidney. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads in time to alteration of the relationship of the kidney with other organs, sometimes with severe consequences. Thus, cardiovascular involvement in CKD leads to increased severity of CKD, with an increase in mortality rate. At present, the relationship between the kidney and the lung has been less studied. Many aspects of this relationship are still unknown. The objective of the present paper is to analyze the main situations of the alteration of the kidney-lung relationship in clinical pathology, with special reference to chronic kidney disease. The pulmonary-renal syndrome is at the forefront. This pathology--well known in practice--refers mainly to the kidney-lung relationship in vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture's syndrome. The relationship between the kidney and the lung is not limited to this syndrome. Many systemic diseases like sarcoidosis and amyloidosis alter the lung-kidney binomial. Likewise, the association in some patients of an important disorder primarily affecting the lung, such as silicosis, with concomitant renal involvement, highlights the relationship between the lungs and kidneys in clinical pathology. It is very important to know heart-kidney relationships via the lung in pulmonary arterial hypertension. In-depth knowledge of the patient with chronic kidney disease also requires thorough analysis of the lung-kidney relationship. This relationship is very evident in haemodialysed patients, taking into consideration that the pulmonary circulation is influenced by the dialysis membranes, in patients on peritoneal dialysis and especially in transplanted patients whose kidney-lung relationship has a favorable outcome. Although little dealt with, the relationship between the kidneys and the lungs requires more attention, as it can have important consequences, and appropriate therapy.