jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF FEEDING WHOLE OR GROUND PEARL MILLET (Pennisetum glaucum) WITH OR WITHOUT ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE NUTRIENTS' DIGESTIBILITY OF JAPANESE QUAILS (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of pearl millet inclusion level, pearl millet form and enzyme supplementation of pearl millet as replacement for maize on the nutrients' digestibility of Japanese quails using 3 quails per treatment (1 quail per replicate). The quails were fasted for 24hrs and then fed for fecal collection. The faeces collected were sun dried, bulked and samples were collected for proximate analysis. Feeding whole pearl millet increased the digestibility of crude protein, ether extract and ash by laying Japanese quails. Pearl millet inclusion increased crude protein digestibility. Enzyme supplementation in pearl millet based diets did not improve their nutrient's digestibility. The results of this study showed that grinding of pearl millet or its supplementation with enzyme did not improve nutrients' digestibility of Japanese quails.
LOCAL POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS ON LATTICES

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

K. A. Baker and A. F. Pixley [ 1] proved that for any finite lattice L a function f: L n • L is a polynomial function (alias algebraic function) if and only if all diagonal sublattices of the square (alias reflexive compatible binary relations) are closed under f. For infinite lattices, this condition characterizes a larger class of functions: THEOREM A. For any lattice L, a.function f: L n- • L is a local polynomial.function if and only if all diagonal sublattices of L 2 are closed under f. A local polynomial function is a function f: L n • L which can be interpolated by polynomial functions on all finite subsets of L n. Local polynomial functions were studied in [1], [7], [8], [9], [ 10], and many other papers (we adopt the terminology of [10]). Theorem A is either obtained by combining [10] Theorem 1 with [7] Theorem 5, or by applying [13] Theorem 0. A natural question now is whether one can specialize the diagonal sublattices in Theorem A. The answer is in the affirmative. Actually, M. Kindermann [ 1 1] has shown that the tolerances ( = symmetric diagonal sublattices of the square) together with the partial order •r of L will do the job. Her key observation ([11] Hilfssatz 1)is that diagonal sublattices are &quot;built up &quot; by tolerance relations. We will have a closer look at this phenomenon. For instance, it
Multicenter evaluation of a broth macrodilution antifungal susceptibility test for yeasts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thirteen laboratories collaborated to optimize interlaboratory agreement of results of a broth macrodilution procedure for testing three classes of antifungal drugs against pathogenic yeasts. The activities of amphotericin B, flucytosine, and ketoconazole were tested against 100 coded isolates of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida lusitaniae, Torulopsis (Candida) glabrata, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Two starting yeast inoculum sizes (5 x 10(4) and 2.5 x 10(3) cells per ml) were compared, and readings were taken after 24 and 48 h of incubation. All other test conditions were standardized. The resultant turbidities in all tubes were estimated visually on a scale from 0 to 4+ turbidity, and MIC-0, MIC-1, and MIC-2 were defined as the lowest drug concentrations that reduced growth to 0, 1+, or 2+ turbidity, respectively. For flucytosine, agreement among laboratories varied between 57 and 87% for different inocula, times of incubation, and end point criteria. Agreement was maximized (85%) when the lower inoculum was incubated for 2 days and the MICs were defined as 1+ turbidity or less. For amphotericin B, variations in test conditions produced much smaller differences in interlaboratory agreement. For ketoconazole, interlaboratory agreement was poorer by all end point criteria. However, MIC-2 endpoints distinguished T. glabrata as resistant compared with the other species. Overall, the studies indicated that readings from the lower inoculum obtained on the second day of reading result in the greatest interlaboratory agreement. In combination with data from previous multicenter studies (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Antifungal Susceptibility Testing: Committee Report, Vol. 5, No. 17, 1988; M. A. Pfaller, L. Burmeister, M. S. Bartlett, and M. G. Rinaldi, J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:1437-1441, 1988; M. A. Pfaller, M. G. Rinaldi, J. N. Galgiani, M. S. Bartlett, B.A. Body, A. Espinel-Ingroff, R.A. Fromtling, G.S. Hall, C.E. Hughes, F. C. Odds, and A. M. SUgar, J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:1648-1654, 1990), these findings will be used by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards to develop a standardized method for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing for yeasts.
Design of Kirkman's Cove Lake Protection Measures

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Kirkman's Cove Lake is a 65 ha (160 ac) reservoir located in Richardson County, Nebraska near the southeast corner of the state. The lake's 1,981 ha (4,896 ac) watershed is characterized by rolling terrain, steep slopes, highly credible soils, and predominantly agricultural land use. The stream network in the watershed is dense and experiencing severe streambank erosion. As a result, the lake is susceptible to high rates of sediment and nutrient loadings. These excessive loadings have resulted in rapid aging and eutrophication of the lake. To restore functional uses, improve water quality, and protect the lake against excessive loadings in the future, a comprehensive lake and watershed management plan was developed. The cornerstone of this plan was design of lake protection measures at the upper end of the lake to provide an effective, efficient means of reducing loadings to the lake. A multi-disciplinary design team of engineers and scientists developed the lake protection measures that consisted of: 1) a low-head earthen embankment across the main channel to the lake at the upper end of the lake, 2) a sediment/nutrient settling basin upstream of the embankment, and 3) wetlands along the channel's overbank areas. Construction of the lake protection measures was completed in the Spring of 1996. While too early to judge the level of success, preliminary results indicate that the system is functioning according to design objectives.
Simultaneous multi-material embedded printing for 3D heterogeneous structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In order to mimic the natural heterogeneity of native tissue and provide a better microenvironment for cell culturing, multi-material bioprinting has become a common solution to construct tissue models in vitro . With the embedded printing method, complex 3D structure can be printed using soft biomaterials with reasonable shape fidelity. However, the current sequential multi-material embedded printing method faces a major challenge, which is the inevitable trade-off between the printed structural integrity and printing precision. Here, we propose a simultaneous multi-material embedded printing method. With this method, we can easily print firmly attached and high-precision multilayer structures. With multiple individually controlled nozzles, different biomaterials can be precisely deposited into a single crevasse, minimizing uncontrolled squeezing and guarantees no contamination of embedding medium within the structure. We analyse the dynamics of the extruded bioink in the embedding medium both analytically and experimentally, and quantitatively evaluate the effects of printing parameters including printing speed and rheology of embedding medium, on the 3D morphology of the printed filament. We demonstrate the printing of double-layer thin-walled structures, each layer less than 200 μ m, as well as intestine and liver models with 5% gelatin methacryloyl that are crosslinked and extracted from the embedding medium without significant impairment or delamination. The peeling test further proves that the proposed method offers better structural integrity than conventional sequential printing methods. The proposed simultaneous multi-material embedded printing method can serve as a powerful tool to support the complex heterogeneous structure fabrication and open unique prospects for personalized medicine.
Normal Spatial Learning and Improved Spatial Working Memory in Mice () Lacking Dopamine D4 Receptors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Dopamine terminals in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex modulate cognitive processes such as spatial learning and working memory. Because dopamine D4 receptors are expressed in these brain areas we have analyzed mutant mice lacking this receptor subtype (Drd4-/-). Wild-type and Drd4-/- mice were challenged in two spatial learning paradigms: the Morris water maze and an alternation T-maze. Drd4-/- mice showed normal place learning ability to find a hidden platform based on spatial extra-maze cues. In addition, Drd4-/- mice were able to find a new platform location with the same learning plasticity as wild type-mice. Spatial working memory assessed on a T maze showed that Drd4-/- mice were more efficient than wild-type mice in acquiring the maximum plateau of correct alternation scores. These results provide further evidence that the functional consequence of lacking D4 receptors is more evident in behaviors dependent on the integrity of the prefrontal cortex.
SparseMamba-PCL: Scribble-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation via SAM-Guided Progressive Collaborative Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Scribble annotations significantly reduce the cost and labor required for dense labeling in large medical datasets with complex anatomical structures. However, current scribble-supervised learning methods are limited in their ability to effectively propagate sparse annotation labels to dense segmentation masks and accurately segment object boundaries. To address these issues, we propose a Progressive Collaborative Learning framework that leverages novel algorithms and the Med-SAM foundation model to enhance information quality during training. (1) We enrich ground truth scribble segmentation labels through a new algorithm, propagating scribbles to estimate object boundaries. (2) We enhance feature representation by optimizing Med-SAM-guided training through the fusion of feature embeddings from Med-SAM and our proposed Sparse Mamba network. This enriched representation also facilitates the fine-tuning of the Med-SAM decoder with enriched scribbles. (3) For inference, we introduce a Sparse Mamba network, which is highly capable of capturing local and global dependencies by replacing the traditional sequential patch processing method with a skip-sampling procedure. Experiments on the ACDC, CHAOS, and MSCMRSeg datasets validate the effectiveness of our framework, outperforming nine state-of-the-art methods. Our code is available at \href{https://github.com/QLYCode/SparseMamba-PCL}{SparseMamba-PCL.git}.
Uncommon cancers of the small intestine, appendix and colon: An analysis of SEER 1973-2004, and current diagnosis and therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry indicates that more than 20% of all cancers are located in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although colon adenocarcinomas constitute approximately 90% of all malignant intestinal neoplasia, the remaining 10% of tumors in the small intestine (SI), appendix and colon are clinically relevant since their late presentation due to a paucity of overt symptoms culminates in a high mortality rate despite the fact that many such lesions are not intrinsically aggressive neoplasia. Thus, neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), adenocarcinomas (except for colonic), lymphomas, sarcomas and GI stromal tumors (GISTs) of the SI, appendix and colon, while relatively rare, represent an under-recognized and underserved group of lesions. According to the SEER registry 1973-2004, the incidence/100,000 of sarcomas has remained unchanged, while NETs, adenocarcinomas (except colon), and lymphomas have increased 2.9-, 1.6-, and 2.0-fold, respectively. This may, at least partly, reflect the development of more sophisticated diagnostic techniques including high resolution CT and MRI, capsule endoscopy and somatostatin scintigraphy for NETs. Although the development of specific targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for GISTs and somatostatin analogs for NETs have improved prognosis, early detection remains the critical variable in determining outcome. The overall 5-year survival rates have remained relatively unchanged over time (1973-1999), or are only improved marginally for some subgroups. We present an overview of the epidemiology of these uncommon cancers, and address their clinical behavior, and current diagnostic and therapeutic options.
Hyperracialized: interracial relationships in post-apartheid South Africa and the informal policing of public spaces

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Dynamics of race in South Africa are deeply entangled within a world system that continues to enable hegemonic white privilege. Prevalent views and behaviours towards "interracial" relationships reveal a rebellion against the non-racial philosophies and policies of the new government and are an indicator of the ongoing salience of race in shaping lived experience. Drawing on interviews with couples in so-called "interracial" relationships, this article argues that unequal power dynamics continue to hyperracialize and regulate these relationships through "privatized" racial boundary policing, even though such relationships are no longer stigmatized and criminalized by the state as in apartheid South Africa. Their experiences of racism show up in two distinct ways: aggressive policing and covert policing; these in turn can lead to self-policing, and perpetuate racial social organization.
[Possibilities myocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of myocarditis verification in patients with idiopathic arrhythmias].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Histological picture was abnormal in all cases. Nosological diagnosis was established in all patients: infectious-immune myocarditis (n = 11), parvovirus positive endomyocarditis (n = 1); systemic vasculitis (n = 2); myocardial vasculitis (n = 1), Fabri disease (n = 1), arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD, n = 1), undetermined genetic cardiomyopathy (n = 2). Level of various anticardiac antibodies including antinuclear factor with bovine heart antigen was most valuable for diagnosis of myocarditis (sensitivity 78.6%, prognostic value of positive result 91.7%). The following therapy was used in patients with myocarditis/vasculitis: intravenous or oral acyclovir (n = 10), gabreglobine (n = 2), meloxicam (n = 12), hydroxychloroquine (n = 15 for 15 [7.0; 24.] months), glucocorticosteroids (n = 14 for 18 [4.0; 25.5] months), azathioprine (n = 2). Mean duration of follow up was 4 years (48 [31; 62] months). At baseline 62.5% of patients with AF were resistant to all antiarrhythmic drugs. Treatment of myocarditis resulted in significant reduction of mean frequency of attacks of AF from 8 to 3 points, more than in 40% of patients AF emerged less than once a month and 1 patient had no attacks at all. Disappearance of tachycardia dependent LBBB was also noted. Cardioverter defibrillator and cardiac pacemaker were implanted to patients with ARVD and Fabri disease, respectively. EMB helped to establish immunoinflammatory and genetic diseases as causes of idiopathic arrhythmias (in 78.9 and 21.1% of patients, respectively). Antiviral immunosuppressive therapy of myocarditis allowed to increase efficacy of antiarrhythmic therapy in resistant patients and when necessary to optimize their preparedness to interventional treatment.
The use of supplementary materials in EFL classes: A Comparative analysis of public and private high schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study was conducted in New Jersey, two high schools in the
area, one public and one private were chosen at random for this
investigation. The sample chosen was a group of students and teachers
who belong to 8th, 9th, and 10th EFL grades in both institutions
respectively. The main purposes of the current study were to determine
the type of supplementary materials used in EFL public and private high
schools, and also to compare the kind of supporting materials that are
being used in both institutions. In order to obtain a great view of the field,
and get the most accurate results, two different methodologies one
qualitative and one quantitative were implemented during the
development of this study. This research has demonstrated that
supplementary materials are being used in both kinds of institutions but
in different rates. Being the visual ones the most used in both kinds of
institutions. It is then suggested that teachers must varied the kind of
supplementary materials used in each class; as a result classes can be
more interesting, and the students’ language abilities can be improved.
Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3 (FABP3) and Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) as Lipid Metabolism-Related Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Lipid metabolism-related biomarkers gain increasing researchers interest in the field of neurodegenerative disorders. Mounting evidence have indicated the role of fatty acid-binding proteins and pathology lipid metabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The imbalance of fatty acids (FA) and lipids may negatively affect brain functions related to neurodegenerative disorders. The ApoE4 and FABP3 proteins may reflect processes leading to neurodegeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the CSF levels of FABP3 and ApoE4 proteins and cognitive decline as well as the diagnostic performance of these candidate biomarkers in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A total of 70 subjects, including patients with AD, MCI, and non-demented controls, were enrolled in the study. CSF concentrations of FABP3 and ApoE4 were measured using immunoassay technology. Results: Significantly higher CSF concentrations of FABP3 and ApoE4 were observed in AD patients compared to MCI subjects and individuals without cognitive impairment. Both proteins were inversely associated with Aβ42/40 ratio: ApoE4 (rho = −0.472, p < 0.001), and FABP3 (rho = −0.488, p < 0.001) in the whole study group, respectively. Additionally, FABP3 was negatively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination score in the whole study cohort (rho = −0.585 p < 0.001). Conclusion: Presented results indicate the pivotal role of FABP3 and ApoE4 in AD pathology as lipid-related biomarkers, but studies on larger cohorts are needed.
[Reoperations in thyroid gland cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Results of reoperation for the thyroid gland cancer (THGC) were analyzed in 189 patients for 1981-2001 yrs period. Majority of patients were primarily operated in other hospitals of Ukraine. Thorough characteristic of the cancer forms, terms of reoperation performance, results of histological investigation of the tumor are adduced. Large frequency (41.2%) of the operation performance for THGC recurrences in term up to one years after performance of primary intervention trusts the necessity of operative intervention performance on thyroid gland (THG) in specialized centre by experienced surgeons. Absence of malignant growth in the THG stump while performance of definitive thyroidectomy in 60% of observations is not the cause to reject of doing it because the conduction of radioiodine therapy is possible after complete excision of the THG tissue. Examination and ultrasonographic investigation of the THG region and of cervical lymphatic nodes after performance of operation for THGC is recommended to conduct no less than once in 6 months.
Utility of Genetically Predicted Lp(a) (Lipoprotein [a]) and ApoB Levels for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Current lipid guidelines suggest measurement of Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]) and ApoB (apolipoprotein B) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for Lp(a) and ApoB may identify individuals unlikely to have elevated Lp(a) or ApoB and thus reduce such suggested testing. Methods: PRSs were developed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression among 273 222 and 356 958 UK Biobank participants of white British ancestry for Lp(a) and ApoB, respectively, and validated in separate sets of 60 771 UK Biobank and 15 050 European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk participants. We then assessed the proportion of participants who, based on these PRSs, were unlikely to benefit from Lp(a) or ApoB measurements, according to current lipid guidelines. Results: In the UK Biobank and European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk cohorts, the area under the receiver operating curve for the PRS-predicted Lp(a) and ApoB to identify individuals with elevated Lp(a) and ApoB was at least 0.91 (95% CI, 0.90–0.92) and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.73–0.75), respectively. The Lp(a) PRS and measured Lp(a) showed comparable association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease incidence, whereas the ApoB PRS was in general less predictive of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk than measured ApoB. In the context of the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society lipid guidelines, at a 95% sensitivity to identify individuals with elevated Lp(a) and ApoB levels, at least 54% of Lp(a) and 24% of ApoB testing could be reduced by prescreening with a PRS while maintaining a low false-negative rate. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of suggested testing for elevated Lp(a) and a modest proportion of testing for elevated ApoB could potentially be reduced by prescreening individuals with PRSs.
Customer loyalty for retailers' growth in Bangladesh: do retailer qualities (attributes and awareness) influence satisfaction and loyalty

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Customer loyalty is liable for persevering long-term sustenance of organisations in today's highly competitive business milieu. The present study investigated the various factors affecting customer loyalty towards retailers. Specifically, this study took the initiative to examine the effects of retailer qualities (attribute and awareness) on customer loyalty through the mediating role of customer satisfaction in the light of stimulus-organism response theory. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires from conveniently selected 270 retail customers in Dhaka, Bangladesh and were analysed through SPSS and CB-SEM tools to test the hypotheses. The results demonstrated that retailer qualities significantly affect customer satisfaction and loyalty, and customer satisfaction was a successful mediator for these relationships. The results will aid marketers in developing marketing strategies for customer loyalty and academically, be an important addition to the literature and extension to SOR theory. The findings will help the researchers in customer loyalty and retailing studies.
Protecting and Dynamically Generating Entanglement in a Two-Atom Two-Field-Mode Model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We analyze the time evolution of quantum entanglement in a model consisting of two two-level atoms interacting with a two-mode electromagnetic field for a variety of initial states. We study two different coupling schemes motivated by the forms that can arise due to atomic separation. We observe a variety of qualitative features such as entanglement sudden death, dynamical generation, protection, and transfer between subsystems. Our quantitative analysis shows that these cases with different couplings and initial states differ significantly in these qualitative features. The multifarious behaviors in these two-mode cases suggest the importance of considering atomic separation carefully for any model where two atoms interact with a common field.