jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gross Mechanical Efficiency of Wheelchair Propulsion during Rehabilitation in Persons with a Spinal Cord Injury

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

2088 PURPOSE: To investigate changes in gross mechanical efficiency (ME), i.e. task proficiency of hand rim wheelchair propulsion, during the rehabilitation of persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: Within a Dutch multi-center prospective cohort study, SCI were tested at the beginning of their clinical rehabilitation (T1), 3 months later (T2) and at time of discharge from rehabilitation (T3). If subjects were able to, they performed 2 blocks of 3min. submaximal steady-state treadmill exercise in a standardized hand rim wheelchair. ME values were calculated for both exercise blocks during the last minute. Tests (T1-T3), lesion level and completeness were used as independent variables in a multi-level regression analysis with 4 hierarchical levels (exercise block, test, subject, center)(p<0.05). Incomplete subject data sets could thus be included in this procedure, leading to different numbers of subjects per trial: N = 103–130 subjects with paraplegia (PP) and N = 37–56 subjects with tetraplegia (TP) for the 3 tests when both blocks were included in one model. RESULTS: ME showed a small but significant increase during rehabilitation. Block 1: TP: T1: 3.3% ± 1.2 to T3: 3.4% ± 1.5 vs. PP: T1: 4.8% ± 1.8 to T3: 4.9% ± 1.8;Block 2: TP: T1: 4.6% ± 1.4 to T3: 4.7% ± 1.7 vs. PP: T1: 6.5% ± 1.9 to T3: 7.1% ± 2.0. A significant effect of lesion level and completeness on the change in ME over time was shown between T1 & T2 and between T2 & T3. After correcting for power output (PO), no significant difference in ME was found between PP and TP or Complete and Incomplete. This generates the following multi-level model: ME = 1.588 (0.272) −0.256 (0.115)*dummy1 + 0.062 (0.107)*dummy2 + 0.237 (0.134) *lesion + 0.035 (0.110) *completeness + 0.274 (0.016) *PO (dummy1 & dummy2 are T1: 1 & 0, T2: 0 & 0, T3: 0 & 1; Lesion: TP = 0, PP = 1; Incomplete = 0, Complete = 1). Also, no significant interaction effect was found for lesion level and time regarding ME, indicating that the development in ME was not different between PP and TP. CONCLUSION: Results showed an improved task proficiency, indicated by a small improvement in ME during rehabilitation. When correcting for the large differences in PO between individuals, the pattern over time was similar for PP and TP.
Multiple Year Extension Program Outcomes & Impacts Through Evaluation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Dwindling public funding as well as greater competition for grant dollars create a challenge for Extension. For Extension to remain a financially viable organization, educators have to be able to produce substantive, measurable program outcomes and impacts. Evaluative data can inform program development and delivery, and helps administrators report how funding is being allocated and the result of that allocation. Evaluative data can be shared with the public and other stakeholders as a means of garnering organizational support. The objective of this article is to highlight a multi-phase, multiple program year evaluation process resulting in substantive program outcomes and impacts.
The Use of Citizen Review Boards with Juvenile Offender Cases: An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Pilot Program

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study evaluates a Citizen Review Board (CRB) program designed to review juvenile offender cases. The sample includes 157 juvenile offenders that were first‐time adjudicated offenders. The youth were randomly assigned by the juvenile judge either to receive review by the CRB or go through the regular court process. Sixty‐eight of the youth were reviewed by the CRB and 89 made up the control group. Data were collected on both groups for more than three years. Program outcomes examined for the study included court processing time, placement and treatment facility changes, and re‐offense rates. Findings suggest that the youth served by the CRB program had statistically fewer out‐of‐home placements in treatment programs during the course of the study and more time had elapsed between the date of the original offense and the re‐offense for youth reviewed by the CRB. The rise in the number of juvenile offenders going through the nation's court systems, as well as a rise in the number of citizen review boards, indicate a need for further examination about how CRBs can best serve the juvenile court system and the youth served by that system.
The protective mechanism of vibrio vulnificus hemolysin A protection vaccine for mice infected with vibrio vulnificus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Objective
To study the protective effect of vibrio vulnificus hemolysin A (VvhA)immunization for mice infected with lethal dose of Vibrio vulnificus and to explore the possible immune protective mechanism.

Methods
First, VvhA protein were expressed and purified, and then BALB/c mouse animal model immunized with VvhA was established.After intraperitoneal injection of lethal dose of Vibrio vulnificus, the survival rate of mice was observed for 72 h, and histopathological examination and liver function test were performed.The levels of follicular helper T cells(Tfh) and generminal center(GC) B cells in spleen and lymph nodes were detected by flow cytometry.

Results
The survival rate of BALB/c mice immunized with VvhA was 83.3%.However, BALB/c mice in the control group all died within 72 h. VvhA immunization significantly reduced the damage of the main organs of BALB/c mice caused by Vibrio vulnificus infection.The amount of Tfh and GC B cells in spleen and lymh nodes of mice were significantly increased after VvhA immunization(P<0.05).

Conclusions
VvhA protein immunization can significantly reduce the hyper inflammatory response induced by lethal dose of Vibrio vulnificus, and its immune protective mechanism was associated with the increase of Tfh and GC B cells.

Key words:
Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio vulnificus hemolysin A; Immunologic mechanism; Follicular helper T cells; Generminal center B cell
GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY: FREQUENCY AND IMPLICATIONS IN A SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN VILLAGE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme deficiency is the most prevalent X-linked recessive hereditary red blood cell abnormality, affecting over 500 million people globally (Luzzatto et al., 2016). This deficiency is critical as G6PD catalyzes the first step in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), the sole source of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) in red blood cells (RBCs). NADPH, in turn, is essential for converting oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to its reduced form (GSG), which protects cells from oxidative stress by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Gomez-Manzo et al., 2017). Interestingly, G6PD deficiency is believed to confer a protective advantage against malaria, suggesting that natural selection has played a role in maintaining its gene frequencies in malaria-endemic regions. This study explores the frequency of G6PD deficiency in a holoendemic village in Sub-Saharan Africa, examining its implications for public health and potential benefits in malaria-prone areas.
Humidity Sensor Based\non In(OH)<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Indium hydroxide (In(OH)<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles were\nprepared\nwith a size of ∼25–45 nm using the homogeneous precipitation\nmethod, and a humidity sensor was developed based on this material.\nThe crystal phase and elements of In(OH)<sub>3</sub> were characterized\nand analyzed using X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.\nThe morphology and specific surface area were determined using scanning\nelectron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen\nadsorption–desorption (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller)\nmeasurements. Additionally, humidity sensing tests were conducted\non In(OH)<sub>3</sub>. Owing to the unique porous structure of In(OH)<sub>3</sub>, the fabricated In(OH)<sub>3</sub> humidity sensor exhibited\nexcellent humidity sensitivity characteristics, with a wide humidity\ndetection range (11–95%), comparatively excellent response/recovery\ntime (14 s/204 s), high response (430.6), good stability, and high\nresolution with a minimum detection limit of 1% relative humidity.\nThe humidity response of the In(OH)<sub>3</sub> humidity sensor was\ntested at different temperatures, indicating its potential for use\nin diverse environments such as cold storage and bathrooms. Notably,\nthe low manufacturing cost of this sensor further enhances its appeal\nfor widespread applications. This work provides a promising humidity\nsensing material for the manufacture of high-performance humidity\nsensors.
Validation of the OMRON M3500 Blood Pressure Measuring Device Using Normal‐ and High‐Speed Modes in Adult and Specific Populations (Obese and Children) According to AAMI Protocol

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The present study aimed to validate the accuracy of blood pressure ( BP ) measurements of the OMRON M3500 automatic oscillometric BP device by using normal‐ and high‐speed modes in adult and specific populations (obese and children) according to American National Standards Institute/Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation ( AAMI )/International Organization for Standardization/81060‐2:2009 protocol. The validation was performed in 135 patients: 100 adults and 35 children (aged 3–12 years). The results showed a mean error of the individual paired determinations of the OMRON device and mercury sphygmomanometers within values of criterion 1 (5±8 mm Hg). Analysis of the averaged paired determinations per subject of the OMRON device and standard mercury sphygmomanometer fit within the acceptable ranges of criterion 2 (<6.71 systolic BP and <5.77 diastolic BP ). Readings of the OMRON M3500 BP device fulfill criteria 1 and 2 of the AAMI protocol in both speed modes.
Enhanced radiation from an electrically small antenna using sub-wavelength metal strip grating

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article reports the radiation performance enhancement of an electrically small antenna using sub-wavelength metal strip grating, in the microwave frequency regime. The sub-wavelength grating converts the high spatial-frequency components of radiation emitted from an inductor loaded truncated-ground open coplanar antenna into a low spatial far-field spectrum. The spectral conversion results in enhanced efficiency and radiated power gain in the S-band corresponding to TE polarization. The gain of the antenna is enhanced from −9.74 dBi to 1.6 dBi for TE polarization. The prototypes are fabricated in-house and the design is validated experimentally.
Lives of Children (6-12 years) in Rural Manipur

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Lives of Children in Rural Manipur aims to explore the experiences, challenges, and opportunities faced by children living in this region. Located in the northeastern part of India, rural Manipur is known for its rich cultural diversity and natural beauty, but also for its socio-economic disparities and limited access to essential services. Furthermore, cultural beliefs, practices, and norms have significant impacts on children's lives, shaping their identities, opportunities, and aspirations. This study draws on research methods to investigate the complex factors that shape the lives of children. In this context, including cultural norms and expectations, and limped access to education, health care, and other resources. This study is based on a qualitative approach and includes data gathered from interviews, observations, and case study with a total of 8 families, which includes 13 children, 15 parents/adults and 3 teachers. Thus a total of 31 participants were part of the study, out of which all the families depends on agriculture as their source of income. The broad objective of the study was to understand the lives of rural children in Manipur, in which the specific objectives were to understand children's education children in rural Manipur, to acquire knowledge on the involvement of children in agricultural work and to gain understanding on recreational activities in the lives of children in rural Manipur. The responses are subjected to thematic analysis. The key findings of the study was that children as young as 6 years have to move out from the village and go to boarding schools in another village or town to acquire education as the school in the village does not have proper facilities and adequate teachers. Another finding was the participation of children in agriculture. While some children enjoy accompanying their parents to the fields, most children seen it as an obligation which deprive them of other activities like playing or socialising with their friends. The fields are nearly a kilometre or more from the village and the only means of transport was by foot. The village also lacks basic healthcare facilities. The health care centre was understaffed and lack necessary equipment and medicines which can result in preventable illnesses and deaths among children. The health care provider does not frequently visit the village, and when they do, there is frequently a lengthy queue and insufficient time, so not everyone usually were able to receive the necessary medical care.
Comparison between limbal stem cell versus dry amniotic membrane transplantation in treatment of primary pterygium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Pterygium is a degenerative disorder of the conjunctiva which leads to encroachment of bulbar conjunctiva onto the cornea. This invasion causes irritation of ocular surface, irregular astigmatism and loss of visual acuity.surgical treatment of pterygium is directrd towards excision, prevention of recurrence and restoration of ocular surface integrity. A myriad of techniques have been described for achieving these goals. Tha main complication of these procedures is the recurrence rate, which has been estimated as high as 30%_70%. Purpose to compare the efficiency of limbal stem cell transplantation versus dry amniotic membrane transplantation in treatment of pterygium. Patients and Methods The study carried out at ophthalmology department, Ain shams university and included 20 eyes which were classified into two groups; first group included 10 eyes of patients underwent pterygium excision with amniotic membrane transplantation. Second group included 10 eyes of patients underwent pterygium excision with limbal stem cell transplantation. Results the mean follow up duration was 1-3 months in both groups. On comparing recurrence rate between the studied groups which occurred only in the first group in two eyes 20%, there is no statistically significant difference found between the studied groups as regard recurrence. But it was statistically significant better with limbal conjunctival autografting. Graft rejection was not detected in the two groups during follow up period. There was no statistically significant difference found between the studied groups as regard clinical stability and graft rejection. Conclusion Limbal stem cell transplantation proved to be better than amniotic membrane transplantation in treatment of pterygium. As it is more effective in prevention of pterygium reccurence as well as it is of lower cost and better availability than amniotic membrane.
НАПРЯМИ ПОЛІПШЕННЯ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КРЕДИТОРСЬКОЇ ТА ДЕБІТОРСЬКОЇ ЗАБОРГОВАНОСТІ

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article discusses modern approaches to the assessment of payables and receivables of enterprises in order to increase the efficiency of financial resources management. The main attention is paid to the analysis of problems and shortcomings of existing assessment methods, as well as to the development of new approaches and recommendations for their improvement. The essence and role of payables and receivables in the financial activity of the enterprise is revealed. The main types of debts and their impact on the liquidity and financial stability of the enterprise are described. Traditional methods of assessing payables and receivables, including coefficient and comparative methods, are analyzed. Disadvantages and limitations of the existing approaches were identified, in particular, insufficient flexibility and limited ability to adapt to the specific conditions of the enterprise. New approaches to assessment are proposed, including the use of modern information technologies and automated management systems. The need to integrate risk analysis and cash flow forecasting into the debt assessment process is substantiated. Recommendations for the implementation of new methods of assessing payables and receivables have been developed. The advantages of using integrated approaches and their impact on increasing the financial stability of the enterprise are described. The main results of the research are summarized and the directions of further scientific developments in the field of financial management are determined. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of existing approaches to the assessment of payables and receivables, identifies their main shortcomings, and suggests ways to eliminate them. The developed recommendations will contribute to improving the management of financial resources of enterprises, increasing their liquidity and financial stability. Further research should be aimed at the practical implementation of the proposed approaches and their adaptation to various branches of the economy.
Protective Effects of Qibai Pingfei Capsules on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE:To study the protective effects of Qibai pingfei capsules on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)rats. METHODS:COPD model rat was induced by complex factors. 90 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group(constant volume of normal saline),model group(constant volume of normal saline),Guben kechuan tablets group(0.72 g/kg),Qibai pingfei capsules high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups(2.88,1.44,0.72 g/kg). They were given relevant medicine intragastrically once a day since 31th day after modeling for consecutive 30 days. Total amount and differential counting of cells in BALF of rats both were determined. The contents of IL-8,IL-6 and TNF-α were determined in bronchus. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,total amount of leucocyte in BALF of model group increased;and the proportion of neutrophile granulocyte and leukomonocyte increased while that of mononuclear macrophage decreased;the contents of IL-6 and IL-8 increased;there was statistical significance(P0.01). Compared with model group,the total amount of leucocyte in BALF of rats decreased in Qibai pingfei capsule high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups;the proportion of neutrophile granulocyte and leukomonocyte decreased;the levels of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α of BALF in Qibai pingfei group was decreased,there was statistical significance(P0.01,P0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Qibai pingfei capsule can down-regulate the levels of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α of BALF in COPD model rats;it play a therapeutic ro1e on COPD by way of reducing the air way inflammatory reaction.
ACTIVITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF CARABIDAE, ARACHNIDA, AND STAPHYLINIDAE IN NEW BRUNSWICK POTATO FIELDS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A 3-year faunal survey of insecticide-free potato fields revealed that Carabidae were the most abundant ground arthropods followed by Arachnida and Staphylinidae. Generic and species composition of Carabidae did not vary substantially from year to year but abundance did. The arthropods were distributed along a gradient decreasing with distance from the edge of the field closest to the woodland. Results of yellow pan trappings indicated that all types of Carabidae present in the pitfalls could fly but that flight activity was variable among genera. More than 50% of Staphylinidae and 85% of the Carabidae were trapped in the yellow pans at the time of field colonization in June. The significance of these findings in relation to the potential of the arthropods for natural biological control of potato pests is discussed.
DETERMINAN FAKTOR SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI TERHADAP PENURUNAN KEMISKINAN DI KABUPATEN DAN KOTA DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The impact of Covid 19 impact the real sector in the country. Several provinces has experienced a fall in economy activity impact on increasing the poverty rate. The West Jawa Province being one significant impact from Covid 19 having poverty rate above average National. The poverty growth in West Java would depend on growing to poverty in West Java regional. This research to analysis the activity local government on decreasing in poverty rate. Fixed and random effect model as research method. The result show significanly government spending on the function the education, health and social protection on decreasing poverty rate. Then, GDRP capita had significant and negatif corelated on poverty rate and gini rasio had a statictical (positive correlated) on poverty rate.
Active oxygen species production in tobacco cells elicited by cryptogein*

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT We analyse the relationship between active oxygen species (AOS) production and pH changes induced in tobacco cells by cryptogein, a fungal proteinaceous elicitor of defence mechanisms in plants. When tobacco cells were treated with cryptogein, an intracellular acidification, an alkalinization of the extracellular medium and a transient burst of AOS (H 2 O 2 ) were observed. Treatment of elicited cells with either diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase, or Tiron, which scavenges O 2 ˙− abolished AOS production. These data suggest the involvement of a NADPH oxidase‐like enzyme leading to H 2 O 2 production through O 2 ˙− dismutation. Although H 2 O 2 production could be, per se , the origin of the pH changes observed, we showed that it was not the main cause, since DPI and Tiron did not inhibit extracellular alkalinization. On the other hand, cryptogein‐induced changes in pH could be abolished using fusicoccin (FC), which is known to stimulate the plasmalemma H + ATPase. Consequently, the observed changes in pH induced by cryptogein could be mainly due to the inhibition of the plasmalemma H + ‐ATPase activity. Furthermore, changes in extracellular pH were shown to modulate the intensity of AOS production by elicited cells. The possible regulation of the NAD(P)H oxidase activity of plant cells by changes in pH is further discussed.
Mythopoesis or Fiction as Mode of Existence: Three Case Studies from Contemporary Art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores a trend in some British contemporary art towards ‘fictioning’, when this names not only the blurring of the reality/fiction boundary, but also, more generally, the material instantiation – or performance – of fictions within the real. It attends to three practices of this fiction as mode of existence: sequencing and nesting (Mike Nelson); the deployment ‘fabulous images’ and intercessors (Brian Catling); and more occult technologies and an idea of the ‘invented life’ (Bonnie Camplin). The article also attends to the mythopoetic or ‘world-making’ aspect of these practices and the way this can involve recourse to other times, past and future. Mythopoesis also involves a sense of collective enunciation and, with that, a concomitant disruption of the more dominant fiction of the self.