jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intra‐industry Performance Ranking and Relative Performance Evaluation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines the association between firms’ intra‐industry performance ranking and the use of relative performance evaluation (RPE) in executive compensation plans. It finds an inverted U‐shape association between firms’ intra‐industry performance ranking and the use of RPE (i.e., compared to bottom‐ and top‐ranked firms, middle‐ranked firms are more likely to use RPE). This effect could be explained by the availability of similar peers in RPE incentive contracting: I find that both bottom‐ and top‐ranked firms have fewer similar peers, limiting their opportunities to efficiently practise RPE compared to middle‐ranked firms. Finally, the inverted U‐shape association is more pronounced for firms with higher potential costs induced by heterogeneous peers and for RPE that uses self‐selected peer groups. Overall, this study provides new evidence of the determinants of RPE use and suggests that the incentivization effect of RPE compensation plans varies with firms’ intra‐industry performance ranking.
CRISPR/Cas9: An RNA‐guided highly precise synthetic tool for plant genome editing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

CRISPR/Cas9 is a newly developed and naturally occurred genome editing tool, which is originally used by bacteria for immune defence. In the past years, it has been quickly employed and modified to precisely edit genome sequences in both plants and animals. Compared with the well‐developed zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator‐like effector nucleases (TALENs), CRISPR/Cas9 has lots of advantages, including easier to design and implement, higher targeting efficiency, and less expensive. Thus, it is becoming one of the most powerful tools for knockout of an individual gene as well as insertion of one gene and/or control of gene transcription. Studies have shown that CRISPR/Cas9 is a great tool to edit many genes in a variety of plant species, including the model plant species as well as agriculturally important crops, such as cotton, maize, wheat, and rice. CRISPR/Cas9‐based genome editing can be used for plant functional studies and plant improvement to yield, quality, and tolerance to environmental stress.
Structure of peptide inhibitor of human islet amyloid polypeptide fibrillization

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Increasing evidences suggest that the type I interferon (IFN) plays a critical role in the etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which makes it a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of the disease.By screening a large size non-immune human antibody library, we have developed a human single-chain antibody (ScFv) AIFNα1bScFv01 and corresponding whole antibody AIFNα1bIgG01, that recognizes recombinant human interferon alpha1b (hIFNα1b) with high specificity and high affinity.The IgG antibody can downregulate the expression of ISG15 and IFIT-1 induced by either recombinant hIFNα1b or naive IFN-α presented in SLE patient's sera.The crystal structure of AIFNα1bScFv01-hIFNα1b complex solved to 2.8 Å resolution reveals that both Pro26-Gln40 region in loop AB and Glu147-Arg150 region in helice E of hIFNα1b contribute to binding with AIFNα1bScFv01.Four residues of above two regions (Leu30, Asp32, Asp35 and Arg150) are critical for the formation of antigen-antibody complexes.AIFNα1bScFv01 shares partial epitopes of IFNα1b with its receptor IFNAR2.AIFNα1bIgG01 has a much higher affinity for IFNα1b than IFNAR2 (K D = 0.747 nM versus 100 nM), making it unavailable for binding to IFNAR2 and preventing the activation of IFN-α-mediated signaling pathway.Thus, AIFNα1bIgG01 exhibits its neutralizing activity through competition with IFNRA2 to bind with IFN-α.Our results highlight the potential use of the human antibody for modulating the activity of IFN-α in SLE.
How Financial Ratio, Good Corporate Governance, and Firm Size Affect Firm Value in Infrastructure Companies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine the factors that influence firm value. There are several factors used, including profitability, leverage, good corporate governance, and company size. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine whether profitability, leverage, good corporate governance, and firm size, influence the value of the company in infrastucture companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample in this study consisted of 33 Infrastucture Companies in 2016-2021. With a purposive sampling. The data used in this research is secondary obtained from the official website of Indonesia Stock Exchange and the official website of each company. This study use Multiple Linear Regression analysis to test profitability, leverage, good corporate governance, and company size on value of company. The results of this study indicate that leverage and firm size has an effect on firm value, while profitability and good corporate governance has no effect on firm value.
A few Thomas’ Neologisms (from the Commentary on John) not registered in Lexicons. A contribution to the study of Thomas’ language and Medieval Latin Lexicography

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Our objective is twofold: 1) to point out the convenience of incorporating some possible neologisms or other words found in Aquinas’ Commentary on John in future editions of lexicons or in new works devoted to Medieval Latin; 2) to reflect on the problems that a nonspecialist reader may face when consulting the common Latin dictionaries.
The Use of Probiotics during Rearing of Hermetia illucens: Potential, Caveats, and Knowledge Gaps

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Given the novelty of the industrial production of the edible insects sector, research has primarily focused on the zootechnical performances of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) in response to different substrates and rearing conditions as a basis to optimize yield and quality. However recently, research has started to focus more on the associated microbes in the larval digestive system and their substrates and the effect of manipulating the composition of these communities on insect performance as a form of microbiome engineering. Here we present an overview of the existing literature on the use of microorganisms during rearing of the BSFL to optimize the productivity of this insect. These studies have had variable outcomes and potential explanations for this variation are offered to inspire future research that might lead to a better success rate for microbiome engineering in BSFL.
Festival of Pacific Arts: education in multi-cultural encounters

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Can acts of support and/or revival of Pacific cultures serve to educate international tourists about Indigenous cultures? This paper examines, from a postcolonial perspective and using a qualitative methodology, whether the Festivals of Pacific Arts, to which all nations send delegations, can educate visitors about Indigenous cultures of the Pacific. These Festivals occur every four years, at a different venue each time, to spread the costs of organisation. The paper argues that the vibrancy and the sincerity of the performances are not sufficient to overcome the structural and cultural biases in the world of tourism. Attitudes towards such cultures have been patronising, keeping them at a timeless distance as visitor performance remains mired in the dictates of their social “habitus”. The size and facilities at venues along with the modest air links mean that the Festivals can accommodate only a small number of visitors. The visitors, however, could discover the multi-faceted nature of these cultures and the participants challenge modernist neo-colonial practices.
Restricted Phase Space Thermodynamics of Einstein-Power-Yang–Mills AdS Black Hole

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider the thermodynamics of the Einstein-power-Yang–Mills AdS black holes in the context of the gauge-gravity duality. Under this framework, Newton’s gravitational constant and the cosmological constant are varied in the system. We rewrite the thermodynamic first law in a more extended form containing both the pressure and the central charge of the dual conformal field theory, i.e., the restricted phase transition formula. A novel phenomena arises: the dual quantity of pressure is the effective volume, not the geometric one. That leads to a new behavior of the Van de Waals-like phase transition for this system with the fixed central charge: the supercritical phase transition. From the Ehrenfest’s scheme perspective, we check out the second-order phase transition of the EPYM AdS black hole. Furthermore the effect of the non-linear Yang–Mills parameter on these thermodynamic properties is also investigated.
Transgenerational Haunting: The Subject as Other

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Psychoanalysis formalized the principle of an intrapsychic unconscious determinism as the source of the existence and specificity of the subject. A subject constantly negotiates between repression and a return of the repressed. But Freud himself had the intuition that the psyche was more than a monadic entity. In Totem and Taboo in particular, the hypothesis of psychic transmission is envisaged in the form of cultural inheritance. A culture survives on the transmission of taboos for instance, and Freud sees the subject's superego as also partly socially and culturally inherited. The subject is an intersubject, a subject in a group, at the same time an independent entity and a mere link in the chain of generations. But, if at the origin of the individual psyche and of the constitution of the self, there is always, in part, another or others, then the subject must be seen as inheriting not simply a cultural identity but also the repressed of his culture. That a subject is shaped by the desires and the unconscious of those who, like the parents in the first place, nourish and determine his sense of self through identification and projection is a key intuition at the core of the work of French psychoanalysts Abraham and Torok on the one hand and Laplanche on the other hand. Their research concentrates precisely on this shift in transgenerational transmission from the communicated to the incommunicable and the ghostly.2KeywordsLateral ReadingAdult WorldTransgenerational TransmissionPsychic LifeSingle ShapeThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Infectivity of Monomorphic and Pleomorphic Trypanosoma brucei Stocks Cultivated at 28 C with Various Tsetse Fly Tissues

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Noninfective procyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei stocks derived from the pleomorphic EVE 10 were cultivated at 28 C in Cunningham's liquid medium in the presence of head-salivary gland, alimentary tract, and abdominal body wall explants of Glossina morsitans morsitans. After 8 to 10 days of cultivation some of the procyclic forms transformed into metacyclic stages infective for mice. Infectivity persisted for varying periods up to 66 days, when the experiments were terminated. Only 10 explants of alimentary tract or abdominal body wall tissues were required in the flasks to render the culture infective for most of the mice inoculated. Similar trypanosome suspensions grown with 10 head-salivary gland explants produced an infection on only one occasion. Cultures of procyclic organisms derived from the monomorphic stock 427 grown inthe presence of all three types of tsetse fly explants produced only sporadic infections in mice. Metacyclic forms failed to develop in trypanosome populations of stock EVE 10 cultivated at 28 C in the liquid medium alone or supplemented with mouse embryo tissues.
Music of the Caribbean

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In order to chart a course through the many musical practices in this complex region, this chapter is structured around four themes: (1) patterns of musical reception; (2) questions of identity; (3) class and cultural politics; and (4) tourism and travel. Each section introduces and explores several genres designed to offer insight into one of these themes. Calypso and rumba illustrate patterns of musical reception. Questions of identity are addressed through exploring zouk, punta, and punta rock music. Chutney and Chutney-soca, along with merengue, offer perspectives on class and cultural politics in the Caribbean. Finally, carnivals in London, New York, and elsewhere, reggae music, and several other examples shed light on the theme of tourism and travel.
Feasibility of 1 H MR spectroscopy in malignant pulmonary lesions at 3 Tesla: phantom study and clinical verification

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose : Primary lung malignancies are the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In addition to primary lung malignancy, the presence of pulmonary metastases has a critical role in patient prognostication and management. Recently, cellular and molecular imaging, particularly proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H MRS), has been employed for early tumor detection. This article aims to survey the role of 1 H-MRS as a virtual biopsy technique to determine the biological make-up of lung lesions. Methods : NEMA IEC phantom analysis was utilized to acquire free induction decay (FID) of several tumor markers including choline, lactate, and creatine on single-voxel spectroscopy (SVS) at 3 Tesla (T) MRI. Various protocol modifications were performed on acquisition and processing steps. Preliminary in vivo verifications were subsequently performed on MRS datasets of 4 patients with malignant lung pathologies. Results : 1 H MRS of phantom revealed detectable peaks of choline, lactate and creatine in concentrations above the threshold of 1 µ Molar (µM) in patients with lung malignancies. Our result demonstrate that the phantom sphere diameter is the most influential factor on peak detectability with minimum reasonable value of 13mm; with the least acceptable in vitro voxel size of 1 cm 3 and in vivo equivalent of 8 cm 3 . Trading off between acquisition time and signal to noise ratio (SNR), the appreciable number of acquisition (NAS) was equal to 64. A quantitative formula was derived to calculate metabolite concentrations (AUC=0.73). Concordant results were obtained on pilot clinical assessments. Conclusion : This preliminary study provides a one-stop-shop solution for SVS through optimizing acquisition and processing parameters as well as absolute quantification of choline, lactate, and creatine concentrations in malignant pulmonary lesions, with successful clinical verification.
Study on changes in bone metabolism in a cohort \nof HIV-infected pregnant women and their uninfected \nchildren

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteopenia and osteoporosis are frequent in HIV-infected patients, \nbecause of disease itself and therapy. This study evaluated \nthe incidence of bone disorders in 18 infected pregnant \nwomen treated with antiretroviral drugs and in their uninfected \nchildren. \nBiochemical markers of bone metabolism were obtained every \nthree months in pregnant women and at 1, 6 and 12 month of \nage in children. Serum levels of calcium, inorganic phosphate, \nbone specific alkaline phosphatase were collected; moreover \nserum levels of osteocalcin and urinary CTX concentrations \nwere evaluated as bone synthesis and bone resorption index \nrespectively. Ultrasonographic bone densitometry was performed \nin women once in pregnancy and in children at 1, 6, 12 \nmonths of age. In order to critically analyze these data, a normal \nline was generated from data obtained from a cohort of 80 \nitalian children aged 0-12 months: this is the first study ever \nperformed on newborns and infants, in the aim to identify the \nnormal values of reference in this cluster of age. \nLower bone density values, compared with control subjects, \nwere detected in 7/18 women (38.8%): osteopenia was found \nin 3 women and osteoporosis in 4. Normal serum levels of osteocalcin \nwere detected in osteopenic patients while the \nserum concentrations were low (< 2.5 ng/ml) all over pregnancy \nin the four cases of osteoporosis. High CTX urinary concentration \nwas observed in 3 cases of osteoporosis. \nIn just 2 children (born to women who had started an antiretroviral \ntherapy with PIs before conception and have been \ntreated for more than 30 months) low bone density was diagnosed \nby ultrasonographic densitometry at the first month, \nbut it was found normal both at 6 and 12 months of age. Only \nin these two cases high CTX urinary concentration was observed \nat the first month, and was found normal at the following \nevaluations.
Analysis of gully erosion impact factor and soil erosion amount in Qinghai Loess hilly region

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study we took six erosion gullies in Huzhu and Ledu counties as research objects,collected the data of rainfall,topography,vegetation and soil,and analyzed the relationship between the soil erosion amount and the impact factors. The results showed that the change of erosion thickness and rainfall were not apparent, but the soil bulk density,vegetation coverage and slope had a significant impact on erosion. The affection of influencing factors on soil erosion was vegetation coverage slope bulk density soil erodibility rainfall erosivity; returning farmland to forest or grassland project effectively improved regional soil erosion problems.
EFFECT OF INACTIVATED VIBRIO ANGUILLARUM VACCINE ON PHAGOCYTOSIS OF PARALICHTHYS OLIVACEUS PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Left-eyed flounders,Paralichthys olivaceus, were inoculated with inactivated Vibrio anguillarum vaccine via intramuscular injection to analyze level of cellular immune responses induced by the immunogen. The vaccinated as well as control fish were serially sampled for blood cells 2, 3, 4, 5 weeks post immunization to evaluate phagocytosis activity. Changes of phagocytic index (PI) and phagocytic percentage (PP) determined by measurement of ingesting Staphylococcus aureus were observed with Wright' stain. Results showed that phagocytosis activity began to increase from 2 weeks post immunization. There isare statistically significant differences in PI and PP (P 0.05) between vaccinated and control fish. The red cell phagocytosis of left-eyed flounders described in the present study for the first time indicates red cell plays an important role not only in respiratory function but also in immune function.
Validation of the LPA‐SQUASH in post‐liver‐transplant patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim This study aimed to validate the revised Short Questionnaire to Assess Health‐Enhancing Physical Activity (SQUASH) to measure sedentary activity in post‐liver‐transplant patients. The proposed scale could be useful for transplantation nurses to assess and modify sedentary lifestyles and increase physical activity. Methods The SQUASH was modified to include items on sitting time and light‐intensity physical activity (LPA‐SQUASH). A pilot study was conducted with 20 liver transplant patients, and an expert panel validated the scale contents. Then, post‐liver‐transplant outpatients at a Japanese university hospital participated in the main study (September–October 2020), in which questionnaires were mailed twice to assess test–retest reliability, and accelerometers used to establish criterion validity. Intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for test–retest reliability. Spearman correlations and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess validity and measurement error. Results In total, 173 participants returned the questionnaires, and 106 and 71 completed the reliability and validation studies, respectively. The range of LPA‐SQUASH correlation coefficients for test–retest was .49–.58. ICCs ranged from .72 to .80 for items other than leisure. Accelerometer data and the LPA‐SQUASH total physical activity amount and light‐intensity physical activity correlated moderately. Conclusion We modified the SQUASH, which was developed to measure physical activity in healthy adults, to assess light‐intensity physical activity in post‐liver‐transplant patients. The LPA‐SQUASH showed acceptable validity and reliability. The questionnaire may be used by transplantation nurses to examine light‐intensity physical activity content/duration, deliver patient education considering patients' sedentary lifestyle, and facilitate goal setting for physical activity interventions to prevent metabolic syndrome.
General education, vocational education and skill mismatches: short-run versus long-run effects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Earlier research showed that obtaining a vocational instead of a general qualification has contrasting effects on employment and earnings over the life course. Relying on two international datasets (ESJS and PIAAC) and focussing on upper-secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary qualifications, we find similar contrasting effects in terms of educational and skill mismatches. While vocationally educated individuals are less likely to face mismatches at the start of their careers, this advantage gradually fades over time. This pattern is not only found for overall mismatches, but also for mismatches in terms of several more detailed types of skills. We also find more favourable effects in terms of avoided mismatches for vocational programmes that combine a specific focus with workplace learning, while programmes that combine a less-specific focus with workplace learning seem to be less effective.
Digital Simulation of Coupled Dynamic Characteristics of Open Rotor and Dynamic Balancing Test Research

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An aero engine, as the core power equipment of the aircraft, enables safe and stable operation with a very high reliability index, and is an important guarantee in flight. The open rotor turbine engines (contra-rotating propeller) have stood out as a research hotspot for aviation power equipment in recent years due to their outstanding advantages of low fuel consumption, high airspeed, and strong propulsion efficiency. Aiming at the problems of vibration exceeding the standard generated by imbalance during the operation of the dual-rotor system of aircraft development, the difficulty of identifying the coupled vibration under the micro-differential speed condition, and the complexity of the dynamic characteristic law, a kind of numerical simulation of the dynamics based on the finite element technology is proposed, together with an experimental research method for the fast and accurate identification of the coupled vibration of the dual-rotor system. Based on the existing open rotor engine structure design to build a simulation test bed, establish a double rotor finite element simulation digital twin model, and analyze and calculate the typical working conditions of the dynamic characteristics of parameters. The advanced algorithm of double rotor coupling vibration signal identification is utilized to carry out decoupling and dynamic balancing experimental tests, comparing the simulation results with the measured data to verify the accuracy of the technical means. The results of the study show that the vibration suppression rate of the finite element calculation simulation test carried out for the simulated double rotor is 98%, and the average vibration reduction ratio of the actual field test at 850 rpm, 1000 rpm, and 3000 rpm is over 50%, which achieves a good dynamic balancing effect, and has the merit of practical engineering application.