jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of Reconstitutable Sustained Release Suspension of Linezolid by Spray Drying Technique

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this research work was to design and evaluation of a stable reconstitutable Sustained release suspension for pediatric and geriatric patients using spray drying techniques. Linezolid is the drug of choice in treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. The microcapsules were prepared by spray drying method. Drug loaded microcapsule were prepared using Eudragit RS and RL100 and ethyl cellulose in three different polymer ratio. The influence of the drug to polymer ratio and feed flow rate was studied on the properties of microcapsule using a 32factorial design. The drug to polymer ratio (X1) and feed flow rate (X2) were selected as independent variable and percentage yield, particle size, encapsulation efficiency, Q6, Q8, t90% were selected as dependent variables. Regression analysis and ANOVA were performed for dependent variables. Dissolution data were fitted to various kinetic models on drug release of microcapsule. The prepared SR suspensions were evaluated for flow properties, determination of rheological and sedimentation behavior. From the factorial batches, optimize batch of microcapsules were used for preparation of reconstitutable SR suspension using various suitable suspending agents. Accelerator stability study of reconstitutable SR suspension was performed as per ICH guideline.
Environmental Flows Rapidly Increase Zooplankton Abundance in a Regulated Lowland River

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Zooplankton are important parts of the food web that support the survival of larval fish in floodplain rivers. Zooplankton abundance and community structure are sensitive to flow‐driven changes in the environment, which have been heavily impacted by river regulation with dams. Environmental flows (e‐flows) are managed dam releases designed to restore a degree of natural ecological functioning to regulated rivers. Native fish spawning can be triggered by e‐flows, but it is not well understood whether these flows can stimulate instream zooplankton production in an appropriate timeframe to support feeding by fish larvae in their first weeks of life. This study aimed to investigate the immediate and longer‐term impacts of a planned dam release during the drought of 2018 in the Macquarie–Wambuul River of New South Wales, Australia, on the abundance of zooplankton and associated environmental variables. Dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and chlorophyll a increased significantly at the onset of the e‐flow. The zooplankton community was dominated by Cladocera (also named Diplostraca). The significant drivers of zooplankton community structure were NOx, temperature and river level. The start of the e‐flow coincided with a significant increase in cladoceran densities, which resulted in up to 36.2 × 10 9 ± 1.5 × 10 9 Cladocera d −1 being exported through the study sites. Increased zooplankton exports were maintained for at least 6 weeks after the onset of the e‐flow. These findings demonstrate that e‐flows during drought can stimulate increased zooplankton abundance within appropriate timeframes to support the survival of native fish larvae.
Needed communication skills during initial employment as perceived by graduates of the West Virginia University Davis College of Agriculture, Forestry and Consumer Sciences

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the study was to determine communication skills used during initial employment by graduates of the Davis College of Agriculture, Forestry and Consumer Sciences who were enrolled in the agricultural and natural resources communications (AgEE 421) course. The population consisted of 70 2001--2002 graduates of West Virginia University Davis College of Agriculture, Forestry and Consumer Sciences who were enrolled in agricultural and natural resources communications (AgEE 421) during their collegiate careers. A descriptive research design was used for the study. A major finding of the study was the beneficial effects of educational training in communications skills prior to initial employment. During initial employment, communications skills taught in AgEE 421 were frequently being actively applied. The use of these communications skills and additional findings support the continuation and expansion of agricultural communications programs.
Systematic literature review of clinical trials evaluating pharmacotherapy for overactive bladder in elderly patients: An assessment of trial quality

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims Overactive bladder (OAB) disproportionately affects older‐aged adults, yet most randomized controlled trials (RCTs) underrepresent patients ≥65. This systematic literature review (SLR) identified RCTs evaluating β‐3 adrenergic agonists or muscarinic antagonists in elderly patients with OAB, and compared study quality across trials. Methods MEDLINE ® , Embase ® , and Cochrane Collaboration Central Register of Clinical Trials databases were searched from inception through April 28, 2015 to identify published, peer‐reviewed RCT reports evaluating β‐3 adrenergic agonists or muscarinic antagonists in elderly OAB patients (either ≥65 years or study‐described as “elderly”). To assess study quality of RCT reports, we focused on internal/external validity, assessed via two scales: the validated Effective Public Health Practice Project [EPHPP]): Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, and a tool commissioned by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Results Database searches yielded 1380 records that were then screened according to predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. We included eight papers meeting study criteria. Despite scientific community efforts to improve RCT reporting standards, published reports still include incomplete and inconsistent reporting—of subject attrition, baseline patient characteristics, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and other important details. Only three of the eight OAB RCTs in this review received quality ratings of Strong (EPHPP) or Fair (AHRQ) and were multicenter with large samples. Conclusions Despite the prevalence of OAB among older age individuals, relatively few RCTs evaluate OAB treatments explicitly among elderly subjects. The findings from this quality assessment suggest some areas for improvement in both conduct and reporting of future RCTs assessing OAB treatment in elderly.
ViT-2SPN: Vision Transformer-based Dual-Stream Self-Supervised Pretraining Networks for Retinal OCT Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging modality essential for diagnosing various eye diseases. Despite its clinical significance, developing OCT-based diagnostic tools faces challenges, such as limited public datasets, sparse annotations, and privacy concerns. Although deep learning has made progress in automating OCT analysis, these challenges remain unresolved. To address these limitations, we introduce the Vision Transformer-based Dual-Stream Self-Supervised Pretraining Network (ViT-2SPN), a novel framework designed to enhance feature extraction and improve diagnostic accuracy. ViT-2SPN employs a three-stage workflow: Supervised Pretraining, Self-Supervised Pretraining (SSP), and Supervised Fine-Tuning. The pretraining phase leverages the OCTMNIST dataset (97,477 unlabeled images across four disease classes) with data augmentation to create dual-augmented views. A Vision Transformer (ViT-Base) backbone extracts features, while a negative cosine similarity loss aligns feature representations. Pretraining is conducted over 50 epochs with a learning rate of 0.0001 and momentum of 0.999. Fine-tuning is performed on a stratified 5.129% subset of OCTMNIST using 10-fold cross-validation. ViT-2SPN achieves a mean AUC of 0.93, accuracy of 0.77, precision of 0.81, recall of 0.75, and an F1 score of 0.76, outperforming existing SSP-based methods.
Evaluating Deceased Donor Registries: Identifying Predictive Factors of Donor Designation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the performance of the deceased donor registries of the 50 states and the District of Columbia and to identify possible predictive factors of donor designation. Data were collected retrospectively by Donate Life America using a questionnaire sent to Donor Designation Collaborative state teams between 2007 and 2010. By the end of 2010, there were 94,669,081 designated donors nationwide. This accounted for 39.8 per cent of the U.S. population aged 18 years and over. The number of designated organ donors and registry-authorized recovered donors increased each year; however, the total number of recovered donors in 2010 was the lowest since 2004. Donor designation rate was significantly higher when license applicants were verbally questioned at the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) regarding their willingness to register as a donor and when DMV applicants were not given an option on DMV application forms to contribute money to support organ donation, compared with not being questioned verbally, and being offered an option to contribute money. State registries continue to increase the total number of designated organ donors; however, the current availability of organs remains insufficient to meet the demand. These data suggest that DMV applicants who are approached verbally regarding their willingness to register as a donor and not given an option on DMV application forms to contribute money to support organ donation might be more likely to designate themselves to be a donor.
The Implementation of Roots Program in Overcoming Bullying in Schools: A Case Study in Jakarta

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 2021 National Assessment showed that 24.4% of students potentially experience bullying in schools. The government decided on the Roots Anti-Bullying Program to prevent bullying in the school and to ensure a safe, comfortable, and enjoyful environment. Students are activated for this program as agents of change to enable better communication and interaction between peers. The Roots Program has been implemented since 2021 and will be implemented gradually in more than 15,000 schools by 2023. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Roots Program in solving the bullying issue at school, the factors that influence the implementation of the Roots Program, and the problems faced in implementing the program in Jakarta. This qualitative descriptive study used Van Meter Van Horn Policy Implementation Theory, focusing on size and policy objectives, resources, characteristics of agents of change, attitudes of implementors, communication between organizations and implementors’ activities, as well as the economic, social, and political environment. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and literature reviews. The results of this study describe that Roots has been appropriately implemented and marked by the fulfillment of all indicators in each dimension of Van Meter Van Horn implementation theory. To improve the implementation of the Roots in the following year, the Roots can be carried out face-to-face; the number of agents of change is adjusted to the number of students in the school; socialization regarding guidelines for implementing government assistance, dissemination of anti-bullying content to agents of change, and adjustment of delivery times for the learning module. Keywords: policy implementation, education policy, bullying, roots program
A comparative study of type 2 poliomyelitis viruses. I. Biologic characters relating to sixteen type 2 strains.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary In this report, some additional evidence has been obtained for the existence of biologic variations among Type 2 strains of poliomyelitis viruses. The differences observed among such strains as Leyva and Theiler9s Lansing are well defined and are clearly at variance in respect to the prototype Lansing virus. Variations encountered with those strains intermediate in position are also well defined. These strains are of interest because they have been passaged relatively infrequently and presumably possess native biologic characters. In contrast, strains passaged many times in rodents, or in monkeys, change their biologic properties and acquire additional characters, some of them peculiar to the recipient host. Hence, the designated characters assigned to the 16 strains are not viewed as stable; for it is clear that changes occur among strains of Type 2 poliomyelitis viruses studied under varying influences in the experimental laboratory. Experimental data obtained during the study provided opportunity for comparing monkey kidney epithelial cell cultures and mice and monkeys with regard to their sensitivities in delineating available units of poliomyelitis virus. In most instances, tissue cultures were the superior indicator systems.
Unusual nerve supply of biceps from ulnar nerve and median nerve and a third head of biceps

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Variations in branching pattern of the brachial plexus are common and have been reported by several investigators. Of the four main nerves traversing the arm, namely median, ulnar, radial and musculocutaneous, the ulnar and median nerve do not give any branches to muscles of the arm. Ulnar nerve after taking origin from medial cord of brachial plexus runs distally through axilla on medial side of axillary artery till middle of arm, where it pierces the medial intermuscular septum and enters the posterior compartment of arm. Ulnar nerve enters forearm between two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris from where it continues further. It supplies flexor carpi ulnaris , flexor digitorum profundus and several intrinsic muscles of hand . We recently observed dual supply of biceps muscle from ulnar and median nerves in arm. Musculocutaneous nerve was absent. Although communications between nerves in arm is rare, the communication between median nerve and musculocutaneous nerve were described from the 19th century which could explain innervation of biceps from median nerve. But no accurate description of ulnar nerve supplying biceps could be found in literature. Knowledge of anatomical variation of these nerves at level of upper arm is essential in light of the frequency with which surgery is performed to transfer nerve fascicles from ulnar nerve to biceps in case of brachial plexus injuries. We also observed third head of biceps, our aim is to describe the exact topography of this variation and to discuss its morphological.
PCBs in Air from an Industrial Zone in a Coastal City-Tianjin, China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The 23 air samples were collected from Tianjin Dongli industrial zone from July 2010 to May 2011 for the analysis of 84 PCB congeners to investigate the gas/particle partitioning. The total PCBs concentration ranged from 71.08 to 567.36 pg m -3 with the mean value as 307.78±137.45 pg m -3 and the seasonal trends were summer >winter >spring >autumn. Gas PCBs accounted for 77.47% of the total PCBs. The fraction of each gas PCB homolog increased with the decreasing chlorine atoms. The contribution of gas PCBs to total PCBs showed a strong seasonal variation with summer (92.44%)> autumn (85.16%) > spring (80.61%) > winter (42.70%). Tri-, tetra-, penta-PCBs and di-PCBs were the predominantly homologs in atmosphere from industrial zone in Tianjin. The natural logarithm of partial pressure of PCBs were well correlated with the inverse absolute environmental temperature (R=0.77). The steep slope of-3764 obtained from Clausius–Clapeyron plot indicated the influence of local PCBs sources.
Efficient Degradation\nof High-Concentration Benzotriazole\nWastewater via UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>3</sub> Operation:\nDegradation Mechanism, Toxicological Evaluation, and Economic Analysis

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This work reports an efficient treatment for wastewater\ncontaining\na high benzotriazole (BTZ) concentration. The treatment uses the combinational\nUV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>3</sub> system under basic condition.\nThe traditional UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> operation was proven\nto be ineffective in the treatment of such sewage, due to the generation\nof the color intermediates. The degradation of BTZ can be promoted\nby introducing O<sub>3</sub> to the UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> system,\nindicated by the higher synergistic coefficient (<i>S</i> = 2.73). The quenching experiments confirmed that the ·OH species\nplayed the key role in the UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>3</sub> system. The reaction parameters including the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> dosage, O<sub>3</sub> concentration, initial pH, and inorganic\nanions were found to influence the degradation. Further, the optimal\nconditions were determined: H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> dosage of 0.09\nmol/L, O<sub>3</sub> concentration of 10.5 mg/min, and initial pH\nof 11.0. BTZ can be removed completely with a COD reduction of 98.60%\nafter 270 min of treating under the best process. Using the Fukui\nfunction calculation and LC–MS measurements, the BTZ degradation\nmechanisms were proposed. Predictions using the TEST software showed\nthat the biotoxicity of BTZ containing wastewater decreased after\ntreatment. The operational cost calculated for the best conditions\nis 0.1813 USD/L.
[Prognosis-oriented diagnosis, treatment protocol and after care in uretero-vaginal fistula following gynecological surgery from the urological viewpoint].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is reported on 20 cases of ureterovaginal fistula after hysterectomy. In all cases renal protection (nephrostomy) was compulsory. Spontaneous healing without stenosis occurred in 6 cases, in 10 cases urethral reimplantation was successful, in 4 cases nephrectomy had to be carried out. Tactics of the therapy are described from the urologic viewpoint. Pre- and postoperative marks with relevance for prognosis and the special following-up are especially emphasized in this connection.
Awareness, Knowledge, and Screening Practices of Post-Post Intensive Care Syndrome by Primary Care Providers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Major advances in critical care medicine over recent decades have increased intensive care unit (ICU) survivorship (Needham, et al., 2012). Sequelae associated with ICU survival are a set of symptoms comprised of mental, cognitive, and physical impairments recognized as Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) (Needham, et al., 2012). Upon discharge, many ICU survivors resume care with their primary care provider (PCP) though there is little to no research on the role of the PCP in caring for ICU survivors. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to describe the level of awareness, knowledge, and current screening practices of PICS by PCPs and PCP perceptions of ways to improve collaboration between primary care and critical care regarding PICS. Methods: This project surveyed PCPs, including Medical Doctors (MD) or Doctors of Osteopathy (DO), Nurse Practitioners (NP), and Physicians’ Assistants (PA) concerning awareness, knowledge, and screening practices of PICS within the primary care center. Results: Twenty-eight (28.6%) providers responded of whom 20 (71.43%) reported having no familiarity of PICS, eight (28.57%) having some familiarity, and no respondents being very familiar. Providers aged 40 years or below were more likely to be somewhat familiar with PICS than those over the age of 40 (p=0.044) and MDs age 40 or below were more likely to be somewhat familiar with PICS than with those over the age of 40 (p=0.004). Discussion: Though limited by a small response rate, the findings suggest that a significant knowledge gap exists and needs to be addressed to improve care of ICU survivors in the primary care setting. Perceptions among PCPs about ways to improve collaboration between ICU teams and providers in primary care should be considered when developing strategies to improve awareness and knowledge of PICS.
Statistical Analysis of Inverse Lindley Data Using Adaptive Type-II Progressively Hybrid Censoring with Applications

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with the statistical inference of the unknown parameter and some life parameters of inverse Lindley distribution under the assumption that the data are adaptive Type-II progressively censored. The maximum likelihood method is considered to acquire the point and interval estimates of the distribution parameter, reliability, and hazard rate functions. The approximate confidence intervals are also addressed. The delta method is taken into consideration to approximate the variances of the estimators of the reliability and hazard rate functions to get the required intervals. Based on the assumption of gamma prior, we further consider Bayesian estimation of the different parameters. The Bayes estimates are obtained by considering squared error and general entropy loss functions. The Bayes estimates and highest posterior density credible intervals are obtained by employing the Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure. An exhaustive numerical study is conducted to compare the offered estimates with regard to their root means squared error, relative absolute biases, confidence lengths, and coverage probabilities. To explain the suggested methods, two applications are investigated. The numerical findings show that the Bayes estimates perform better than those obtained based on the maximum likelihood method. The Bayesian estimations using the asymmetric loss function give more efficient estimates than the symmetric loss. Finally, the inverse Lindley distribution is recommended to be used as a suitable model to fit airborne communication transceiver and wooden toys data sets when compared with some competitive models including inverse Weibull, inverse gamma and alpha power inverted exponential.