jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Oesophageal atresia, VACTERL association: Fanconi's anaemia related spectrum of anomalies

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Compassionate care is a foundation of the National Health Service (NHS). However, several high-profile inquiries into healthcare failures in the NHS suggest compassion is often absent in our hospitals. Ensuing policies mandate healthcare professionals to ‘show more compassion’ but, as the psychological evidence-base indicates, this instruction neglects the complexity of this social emotion. This paper applies the psychological research on compassion to modern healthcare settings with the aim of creating a better understanding of the pathways leading to uncompassionate care. A review of the empirical evidence suggests a range of psychological factors modulate compassion. In particular, the psychological literature indicates the human compassion system is adaptive, highly attuned to its environment. As such, a healthcare professional’s ability to experience and display compassionate behaviour will be, in part, determined by the environment in which they practise; that is, aspects of the organisational environment will either facilitate or inhibit compassion. This paper argues that the typical organisational set-up of a modern healthcare setting seriously undermines compassionate care. Organisational features frequently associated with uncompassionate care include the understaffing of hospital wards, excessive working shift patterns and the dogged focus on achieving service efficiencies—each has been identified as contributing to the alarming breakdown of compassionate care at the centre of several healthcare failings. Policies focusing on culture change in the NHS neglect the growing psychological evidence base on compassion, but by applying a psychological understanding of compassion to healthcare settings, we can begin to adequately understand and address the real causes of uncompassionate care.
Reliability and validity of assessment methods available in primary care for bladder outlet obstruction and benign prostatic obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To systematically review the literature regarding the reliability and validity of assessment methods available in primary care for bladder outlet obstruction or benign prostatic obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Design Systematic review with best evidence synthesis. Setting Primary care. Participants Men with LUTS due to bladder outlet obstruction or benign prostatic obstruction. Review methods PubMed, Ebsco/CINAHL and Embase databases were searched for studies on the validity and reliability of assessment methods for bladder outlet obstruction and benign prostatic obstruction in primary care. Methodological quality was assessed with the COSMIN checklist. Studies with poor methodology were excluded from the best evidence synthesis. Results Of the 5644 studies identified, 61 were scored with the COSMIN checklist, 37 studies were included in the best evidence synthesis, 18 evaluated bladder outlet obstruction and 17 benign prostatic obstruction, 2 evaluated both. Overall, reliability was poorly evaluated. Transrectal and transabdominal ultrasound showed moderate to good validity to evaluate bladder outlet obstruction. Measured prostate volume with these ultrasound methods, to identify benign prostatic obstruction, showed moderate to good accuracy, supported by a moderate to high level of evidence. Uroflowmetry for bladder outlet obstruction showed poor to moderate diagnostic accuracy, depending on used cut-off values. Questionnaires were supported by high-quality evidence, although correlations and diagnostic accuracy were poor to moderate compared with criterion tests. Other methods were supported by low level evidence. Conclusion Clinicians in primary care can incorporate transabdominal and transrectal ultrasound or uroflowmetry in the evaluation of men with LUTS but should not solely rely on these methods as the diagnostic accuracy is insufficient and reliability remains insufficiently researched. Low-to-moderate levels of evidence for most assessment methods were due to methodological shortcomings and inconsistency in the studies. This highlights the need for better study designs in this domain.
Opportunities and Pitfalls of Targeted Therapeutic Combinations in Solid Tumors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Overview: Recent advances in cancer biology have led to the discovery and development of chemical compounds and drugs that target specific cellular receptors, mediators, or effectors that are central to oncogenic survival, growth, and invasion. However, the complexity of tumor biology makes it is unrealistic to expect an antitumor therapeutic to be successful based on the inhibition of a single target or even a lone signaling pathway. Therefore, the potential success of such “targeted therapies” is likely to require the development of multiagent combinations. Combination strategies have a greater likelihood of addressing issues with genetically complex tumors, potentially avoiding drug resistance mechanisms through the inhibition of escape signaling pathways and slowing the development of newly resistant tumor cells. Combination regimes also have the potential of enhancing target inhibition through synergistic antitumor effects and minimizing drug-related toxicities to patients. However, numerous challenges to developing these combinations exist. This review will focus on the opportunities and pitfalls of developing novel targeted drug combinations, with a particular focus on early-phase drug development, where the greatest challenges exist, analyzing key points for the design and development of clinical trials for combinations of targeted agents.
Graph Kernels

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Graph-structured data are an integral part of many application domains, including chemoinformatics, computational biology, neuroimaging, and social network analysis. Over the last two decades, numerous graph kernels, i.e. kernel functions between graphs, have been proposed to solve the problem of assessing the similarity between graphs, thereby making it possible to perform predictions in both classification and regression settings. This manuscript provides a review of existing graph kernels, their applications, software plus data resources, and an empirical comparison of state-of-the-art graph kernels.
On the High Frequency de-embedding&#x00026; modeling of FET devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

At millimetre wave frequencies, deembedding techniques start to fail due to larger uncertainty in measurements. In this paper, various pads-transistor transitions are being analysed and measured. The usage of measurement versus simulation based characterisation of the embedding layout is evaluated. Applying suggested measuring, modelling extraction procedure, results up to 220 GHz are demonstrated.
Knowledge of Romanian young women regarding HPV and cervical cancer

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Romania has the highest prevalence of cervical cancer in Europe. Cervical cancer is ranked the fourth deadliest cancer and the first among women aged between 15-44 years. In Romania, this type of cancer has 4443 new cases annually and is responsible for 1909 deaths. Lack of sexual education was linked to the increased prevalence rates of cervical cancer. Romania has a two-fold incidence rate than Finland, Luxembourg and France, countries which have sexual education courses. HPV is the most prevalent risk factor for cervical cancer and this disease is the third most common cancer among women and the second most common among women aged between 15-44 years. The design of the present study is quantitative as the data was gathered through an online questionnaire. The target group was selected through some pre-established parameters based on the previous searches on Facebook and Google like age, sex, HPV, vaccine, immunization, cervix, cervical cancer. The sample was represented by all the women that reach the parameters aged between 18- 24 years. The results show the knowledge on HPV, HPV vaccination and cervical cancer to be good as for all the questions more than half of the sample had an adequate understanding. In contrast, the overall tendency of the sample was for most of them to be aware of the existence of the mentioned diseases, of the testing process and vaccine existence, but then to lose their expertise when having to give details on the concepts reminded. This trend was noticed in all section as the first questions assessed their awareness of the HPV, cervical cancer, Pap- smear and vaccination, while the following needed a more comprehensive knowledge (i.e. 94.5% of the sample heard of Pap-smear while only 58.7% what it is). The results have highlighted the gap in the knowledge of Romanian women and the need of campaigns and policies targeting this area. This study can form a basis for the development of such programs as it emphasizes the under-developed areas. Key messages Presenting a snapshot of the knowledge of young adult women on HPV and cervical cancer. Putting the groundwork for future studies and policies.
Pengembangan LKS Tabela Berbasis Bahan Praktikum Lokal untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa SD

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study aimed to Produce Tabela worksheets based on standard local practicum materials, Find out the increase and influence of science process skills, and describe the students' responses after learning using Tabela worksheets. The method of the research was Research & Development with the ADDIE model. The first stage analyzed the needs of the Tabela worksheets based on local practicum materials. The second stage carried out the development of the Tabela worksheets based on local practicum materials using the ADDIE Model. The third stage carried out Implementation/testing on the level of effectiveness, efficiency, and product attractiveness toward the developed product using a quasi-experimental design with a design. The results of product showed that Tabela worksheets had good attractiveness criteria with the score of 3.31, good of efficiency criteria with a score of 3.33, and very good of effectiveness criteria with a score of 3.60. The development result of Tabela worksheets by expert test results stated feasible to use as instructional materials / learning media. And it was shown in the significance test that is the influence of Tabela worksheet on learning outcomes of the tcount> ttable (7.442> 1.668). The effectiveness test showed that there was no significant difference and indicated by tcount> ttable (1.615 <1.673), but the student learning outcomes increased with the average pretest of 43.44 and posttest of 61.09. The differences between pretest and posttest in the average score were 17.65 and N gain was 0.31 in the medium category. The students provided positive responses using Tabela worksheets.
Carabelli's trait in Indian students at Manipal, Karnataka.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Occurrence of the various forms of Carabelli's trait on maxillary first permanent molars was studied in 376 Indian students at Manipal, Karnataka, a state in south India. The trait was found absent in 64.4% of the teeth studied. Slight tubercles were found more often than pronounced tubercles and more tubercles were found in males than females; conversely the absence of the trait was observed more often in girls than boys. The sample was divided into two groups. Group I consisted of North Indians and Group II consisted of South Indians. Variations in occurrence of the trait between North Indian and South Indian students were studied and it was found to occur almost equally in both groups. The study was extended to observe variations in occurrence of the trait between Indian students of Indian and Foreign nationality but no significant variation was observed.
Oklahoma; a summary of activities of the U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Division for 1985

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The U.S. Geological Survey was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1879, to provide a permanent Federal agency to conduct the systematic and scientific "classification of the public lands, and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of national domain."An integral part of that original mission includes publishing and disseminating the earth-science information needed to understand, to plan the use of
Az „átlépés” poétikája

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper is an overdue review on the volume Árnyképrajzoló – körülírások [Draughtsman of Shadow – Circumlocutions – 2008]. Having construed the relations between the title story and its subtitle, the paper comes to the conclusion that one possible interpretation of the term „circumlocutions” refers to the linguistic strategy that is characteristic of nearly all writings of the volume. Szilárd Borbély was widely acknowledged as one of the most important poets at the time of the publishing of the book. However, as a prose writer, he was in an experimental stage. These writings represent this experimental playground. The essay Egy bűntény mellékszálai [The Secondary Threads of a Crime], as well as its counterpart the volume Halotti pompa [The Splendours of Death], which was a milestone in contemporary Hungarian literature, can be regarded as a masterpiece without exaggeration. The key of the literary success is the fact that the narrator treats the tragic fate of his parents, who were victims of a brutal robbery, as a text. Szilárd Borbély applies a tool of his own profession, narratology to this story. He deconstructs – in the Derrida-esque sense - the traditional ways of narration.
Research on toughening of in situ polymerized polyacrylate resin for liquid composite molding

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Thermoplastic polyacrylate resin, which can be polymerized in situ, has a broad application prospect. Addressing the issue of poor toughness of polyacrylate resin, a toughening method involving in situ polymerization of polyacrylate resin for liquid composite molding was presented in this paper. KH570‐modified silica nanoparticles were used as reinforcement. The study focused on the surface modification's impact on the dispersion stability of the nanoparticle suspension, the effect of nanoparticles on the reaction, and the mechanical properties of the resin. The results showed that the contact angle between modified‐silica and acrylate resin decreased from 79.3° to 9.96°, and the stability of the suspension was increased by 34.8%. With the increase of silica nanoparticles, the reaction speed of the resin initially decreased and then increased. This was due to the influence of KH570 on the surface of the nanoparticles and the changes in resin viscosity caused by the nanoparticles. The mechanical properties of polymerization products first increased and then decreased. When nanoparticles mass ratio of nanoparticle to resin was 5:100, the elongation at break was increased by 94.9%, the impact strength was increased by 287%. This paper provided some ideas for high‐performance industrial application of high‐performance in situ polymerization of polyacrylate resin. Highlights The thermoplastic polyacrylate resin that can be formed by liquid composite molding. A method for improving the toughness of resin used in liquid composite molding. Nanosilica modified with KH570 interferes with the reaction of acrylate resin. The nanosilica changes the crack propagation path.
WHEN DOES OSTRACISM DECREASE SELF-REGULATION?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Previous research in social psychology has suggested that ostracism has a negative impact on SE, and also can affect how much food individuals will consume. Moreover, research in the eating disorders literature shows a negative relationship between self-esteem and eating. As such, the present experiment was designed to merge these two lines of research to examine what causal role, if any, self-esteem plays in men's and women's food consumption. It was proposed that some individuals should show a lack of self regulation in terms of the type and amount of food eaten following ostracism. It was also predicted that this effect would have some possible moderators. To test this prediction, participants were randomly assigned to either an ostracism or inclusion condition within the computer game Cyberball. Results indicated that the ostracism manipulation did not result in the anticipated decrease in SE status nor did it cause any significant changes in eating behavior. Nevertheless, significant correlations between SE and body dissatisfaction (BD) were observed, as well as between BD and appearance based rejection sensitivity. There were also significant correlations between body mass index (BMI) and BD, as well as between SE and ARS in both genders. There was also a significant correlation between SE and BMI, but only for male participants. Exploratory analyses revealed that there may have been an unforeseen impact of experimenter gender on eating behavior post ostracism such that self presentation may have impacted the manner in which individuals responded to ostracism.
Catalytic Janus Colloids: Controlling Trajectories of Chemical Microswimmers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Catalytic Janus colloids produce rapid motion in fluids by decomposing dissolved fuel. There is great potential to exploit these "autonomous chemical swimmers" in applications currently performed by diffusion limited passive colloids. Key application areas for colloids include transporting active ingredients for drug delivery, gathering analytes for medical diagnostics, and self-assembling into regular structures used for photonic materials and lithographic templating. For drug delivery and medical diagnostics, controlling colloidal motion is key in order to target therapies, and transport analytes through lab-on-a-chip devices. Here, the autonomous motion of catalytic Janus colloids can remove the current requirements to induce and control colloid motion using external fields, thereby reducing the technological complexity required for medical therapies and diagnostics. For materials applications exploiting colloidal self-assembly, the additional interactions introduced by catalytic activity and rapid motion are predicted to allow access to new reconfigurable and responsive structures. In order to realize these goals, it is vital to develop methods to control both individual colloidal paths and collective behavior in motile catalytic colloidal systems. However, catalytic Janus colloids' trajectories are randomized by Brownian effects, and so require new strategies in order to be harnessed for transport. This is achievable using a variety of different approaches. For example, self-assembly and control of catalyst geometry can introduce controlled amounts of rotary motion, or "spin" into chemical swimmer trajectories. Furthermore, rotary motion combined with gravity, produces well-defined orientated helical trajectories. In addition, when catalytic colloids interact with topographical features, such as edges and trenches, they are steered. This gives rise to a new approach for autonomous colloidal microfluidic transport that could be deployed in future lab-on-a-chip devices. Chemical gradients can also influence the motion of catalytic Janus colloids, for example, to cause collective accumulations at specific locations. However, at present, the predicted theoretical degree of control over this phenomenon has not been fully verified in experimental systems. Collective behavior control for chemical swimmers is also possible by exploiting the potential for the complex interactions in these systems to allow access to self-assembled, dynamic and reconfigurable ordered structures. Again, current experiments have not yet accessed the breadth of possible behavior. Consequently, continued efforts are required to understand and control these interaction mechanisms in real world systems. Ultimately, this will help realize the use of catalytic Janus colloids for tasks that require well-controlled motion and structural organization, enabling functions such as analyte capture and concentration, or targeted drug delivery.
An Analysis on Life Habits, Physical Aging Index, and Senior Fitness in the Elderly for the Development of a Customized Wellness Care Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

본 연구는 고령화 사회의 고령자의 건강증진과 의료비 절감 등 질병 발병률을 감소를 통한 성공적 노화(Successful Aging)에 도움을 주고자 건강과 밀접한 생활습관, 신체적 지표 그리고 노인체력수준검사를 실시한 후 개인의 수준별 맞춤형 웰니스 건강프로그램 개발과 운동프로그램의 타당성 및 신뢰성을 확보하기 위하여 G광역시 고령친화 종합지원 센터에서 연구동의를 얻은 남자 169명, 여자 185명 총 354명을 대상으로 연구를 진행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다.BR 첫째, 고령자의 생활습관 등급분류비교에서 Excellent는 남자의 흡연, 여자는 흡연과 음주 및 약물에서 나타났고, Health Good은 남자의 음주 및 약물과 스트레스 조절, 여자는 식생활, 운동, 스트레스조절에서 나타났으며, Health Risk는 남자의 식생활과 운동에서 나타났다. 또한 영양상태 등급분류에서는 남·녀 대상자 모두 정상 영양상태가 가장 높게 나타났고, 연령증가에 따른 생활습관과 영양상태 차이검증에서 남자대상자만 스트레스조절, 영양상태에서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.BR 둘째, 고령자의 신체적 지표비교는 여자의 상완위둘레에서 유의한 차이가 나타났고, 노인체력비교에서 남자는 하체근력, 민첩성 및 동적평형성, 상체근력, 여자는 하체근력, 상체근력에서 연령증가에 따른 차이가 나타났으며, 남자는 75세 이후 모든 노인체력, 여자는 70세 이후 민첩성 및 동적평형성을 제외한 모든 체력에서 낮게 나타났다.BR 이상의 결론을 종합하면, 고령자의 노화지표분석에서 여자고령자는 생활습관 모두 좋은 것으로 나타났고, 남자는 식생활과 운동습관을 제외한 습관이 좋은 것으로 나타났으며, 영양상태는 고령자 모두 정상적인 영양상태인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 남자고령자는 75세 이후, 여자는 70세 이후 체력수준 감소가 두드러져 이 연령을 기준으로 체력을 향상시키는 운동습관을 높여야 할 것이며, 이와 같은 생활습관지표, 영양상태지표, 체력수준지표의 결론을 바탕으로 추후에 개인 맞춤형 건강프로그램을 개발하면 고령자의 성공적 노화에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다.
Path Integral Control for Stochastic Dynamic Traffic Routing Problems

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In order to ensure customer satisfaction, ride-hailing providers typically base their routing strategies around minimizing the total traffic delay faced by their users. However, accurately modeling the provider's routing problem is difficult, as realistic traffic networks are non-linear, stochastic, and time-varying. We approach this problem by modelling the dynamic traffic network using the Lighthill, Whitham, and Richards model and use stochastic path integral control to construct the routing strategy of the ride-hailing provider. Differing from previous results, we allow for multiple input and output locations, as well as varying speed limits and maximum traffic densities. Furthermore, we allow the ride-hailing provider to additionally control its traffic flow at splits in the traffic network, which avoids an exponential blow-up in the state space. A numerical example for a representative traffic network is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Strategies for Controlled Ovarian Stimulation in the Setting of Ovarian Aging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the context of assisted reproduction, the term ovarian aging is often used to refer to declining potential of ovaries to produce oocytes in adequate number or quality in response to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). Different aspects of COS have been modified with the intention to increase the number and quality of oocytes obtained for in vitro fertilization. In the setting of ovarian aging, suppression of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist or short GnRH agonist protocol and stimulation with a daily gonadotropin dosage of ≤ 300 IU/day seem to be appropriate first choices, and there is a strong need for well-designed randomized controlled trials investigating effects of addition of LH activity, estradiol priming, transdermal testosterone administration, and growth hormone supplementation. Given the lack of high-quality evidence showing effectiveness of one approach over another, other factors such as duration of stimulation, total gonadotropin consumption and cost of medication, patient friendliness, and possible side effect profiles must be considered in tailoring the COS protocol according to each individual's needs and desires.