jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the Nature of Legal Rights

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article seeks to uphold the Interest Theory of legal rights by arguing that such a theory can withstand objections and handle difficulties that are often posed against it. Building on the author’s previous defences of the Interest Theory, the present article also seeks to expose some serious shortcomings in competing theories. Among the topics covered are the role of legal powers of enforcing or waiving legal rights; the possibility of rights to be mistreated; and the status of inoperative rights. In each case, so the article argues, the complexities of the issues involved can best be handled by a theory which maintains that the essential function of legal rights is the protection of various aspects of people’s well-being.
Desensitization for Dapsone Dermatitis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

National Institute of Sciences of India on the history of sciences, including medicine, of ancient India.The following quotations from my paper with S. N. Pandeyal regarding the importance of theoretical and of practical training in medical education in ancient India will, I am sure, be of interest to your readers:1. " The student who obtains his know- ledge only from books is like an ass with a burden of sandalwood, for he knows the weight but not the value thereof."" 2. "He who is versed only in books, but not skilled in practice, gets alarmed and confused, like a coward in the battlefield when confronting active disease."3. "He who is skilled in practice but is audacious and ignorant of the theory cf scU'nce, does not receive approval of thK learned men and receives capital punishment from the king."4 4. " Both these groups of persons (items 2 and 3) are lacking in dexterity and inept in the discharge of their duties, for they know only half the science and are like birds with one wing only."51am.etc.,
The importance of learning Malay Sultanates in the context of the present federation of Malaysia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper views the emergence of the present Malay Sultanates from the historical perspective. Furthermore, as it is one of the important elements in Malaysian history, a close study of the Malay Sultanates would enhance interest in Malay history and promote unity among Malaysian citizens. It is based on the Malay classical literary texts of Sejarah Melayu, Hikayat Johor Serta Pahang and Peringatan Salasilah dari Raja-Raja Johor hingga ke Riau Lingga, Singapura, Pahang dan Terengganu. It is also based on ancient foreign texts such as those by Alfonso De Albuquerque (1512) and Tome Pires (1512), both Portuguese.
Factors predicting the result of physical training after acute myocardial infarction.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have studied the predictive effect of physical training on physical working capacity (PWC) in a group of 48 male survivors of acute myocardial infarction. In regression analysis with single variables, the training heart rate correlated most strongly with the change of PWC after training (r = 0.54; p less than 0.01). The initial PWC and exercise-induced R wave amplitude change also correlated significantly with the change in PWC after training (r = -0.33; p less than 0.05 and r = 0.32 p less than 0.05, respectively). The initial maximum heart rate and the exercise-induced rise in systolic blood pressure failed to show such correlations. In multiple regression analysis all these variables, with the exception of the blood pressure, were found to make statistically significant, independent contributions to the prediction of the change of PWC after training. The training heart rate was the best criterion in the prediction of the success of physical training after myocardial infarction. Variables obtained from a pre-training exercise test can be used as additional criteria.
The search for the self in the fiction of Malcolm Lowry

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis has the following objectives: (1) to discover and establish the nature and the value of Lowry's fiction; (2) to do so by developing a method that fruitfully combines literary and psychological approaches to literature; and (3) to demonstrate the particular suitability of this method to this material. \n \nThe thesis combines certain Jungian concepts with conventional methods of literary evaluation, in its attempt to discover the most significant patterns of symbols in key works by Lowry, and to show that a Jungian interpretation of these patterns leads to the heart of Lowry's fiction. It attempts to avoid a mechanical and therefore arbitrary imposition of Jungian concepts upon Lowry's work, by consistently interrelating Lowry's symbols and interpreting them in their contexts and in terms of their intrinsic qualities. Literary criticism (and in particular close textual analysis) provides the method for these analyses; Jungian psychology brings together "materials for comparison and offers a terminology for discussion". From this discussion emerges a view of Lowry's fiction as, essentially, the embodiment and revitalisation of an universal myth, the myth of the hero. This, it is argued, is Lowry's major achievement, and an achievement of great value to twentieth century culture. \n \nThe thesis is divided into three parts, preceded by a General Introduction. Part One discovers in Lowry's first novel, Ultramarine, a pattern of symbols corresponding to the first stage of "The Myth of the Hero", through which this 'hero' moves most reluctantly and confusedly towards "separation or departure". In Part Two, Lowry's major novel, Under the Volcano, is found to embody (and to revitalize) the second main stage, "The Stage of Trials"; and it is here that the nature and value of Lowry's achievement is most fully discussed. Part Three examines Lowry's claims that "The Forest Path to the Spring" is concerned with "human integration" and could serve as the "coda" to his work as a whole. This story is seen as corresponding (perhaps rather more ambiguously than Lowry intended) to the final stage of the hero myth, "return and reintegration". \n \nThe thesis, therefore, is intended to demonstrate the value of relating certain Jungian concepts to appropriate works of literature and to show that this approach contributes to an understanding of the essential nature of Lowry's achievement. \t \n
Proximal interruption of the right pulmonary artery: A rare anomaly

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of a 21-year-old woman with cyanosis where computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed a complete absence of the mediastinal part of the right pulmonary artery with the normal intrapulmonary vascular network, receiving supply from multiple collateral vessels. The case also highlights the various differential diagnoses and the role of CT angiography in arriving at the correct diagnosis.
The importance and challenges of measuring work hours

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Work hours are key components in estimating productivity growth and hourly wages as well as being a useful cyclical indicator in their own right, so measuring them correctly is important. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects data on work hours in several surveys and publishes four widely used series that measure average weekly hours. The series tell different stories about average weekly hours and trends in those hours but qualitatively similar stories about the cyclical behavior of work hours. The research summarized here explains the differences in levels, but only some of the differences in trends.
Influences and Impact of Anxiety and Depression in the Setting of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anxiety and depression are common in the setting of IBD and are strongly associated with surgical history, disease complications (including extra-intestinal manifestations), smoking, and female gender. Inflammatory bowel disease patients with A&D are also more likely to require therapy and to utilize healthcare resources. This study refines our understanding of A&D development and its impact in IBD and provides additional considerations for management in this setting.
Familiarity breeds contempt: perceived service and sales complacency in business-to-business relationships

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Relationship marketing and its strategic focus on long-term exchanges is an engrained practice in today's business-to-business (B2B) environment. B2B relationships are important given the reciprocating benefits they offer to offset the resource-intensive investments necessary for relationship initiation and maintenance. However, the reality of the marketplace shows customer defection rates remain a concern, dark side relationship mechanisms emerge as exchanges persist, and suppliers shirk on investing the effort necessary to service their customers. Research is needed to better understand customer defections and the nuanced assessment of perceived supplier complacency in B2B service relationships. To inform this research agenda, the authors assess depth interviews with 56 executive participants across 35 post-mortem customer defection cases. Findings identify thematic representations of perceived supplier complacency within the customer-supplier service provision (i.e. service complacency), as well as during the sales renewal process (i.e. sales complacency).
Writing History in the Medieval Islamic World: The Value of Chronicles as Archives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In two centuries of rule over Egypt and North Africa (969-1171CE), the Isma'ili Fatimids threatened Sunni hegemony in the Arab heartlands, yet left few historiographical records. Instead, it fell to Ayyubid and Mamluk historians to represent the Fatimids to posterity. Did medieval Arab historians allow religious commitments and sectarian polemics to shape their accounts of the Islamic past? And did the succeeding Sunni political class destroy the records of its Fatimid predecessors? Via a new translation, contextualisation and analysis of Sunni Mamluk historian Ibn al-Furat's chronicle History of Dynasty and Kings, Fozia Bora maps the survival of historiographical narratives from late Fatimid Egypt after Salah al-Din's alleged destruction of the Fatimid literary corpus. In so doing, Bora demonstrates that Mamluk historical works offer historiographical documentation of past eras of Islamic history through textual witnesses that are not otherwise extant. She espouses a 'chronicle as archive' framework, arguing for a more objective use of chronicles as documents that go beyond sectarian polemics to act as 'archives' of now lost material. This book is essential for all scholars working on the written culture and history of the medieval Islamic world, and paves the way for a more nuanced and sensitive treatment of Arabic chronicles
Reframing sociologies of ethnicity and migration in encounters with Chinese London

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this paper I argue that the intersecting sociologies of ethnicity and migration work from a series of interconnected blind spots hindering effective analysis of the current UK situation. Both operate analytically within the limitations of an ‘immigrant problem’ framework; are overinvested in state agendas; privilege a nation state analysis; are narrowly focused on distributions of migrant bodies, and on receiving, at the expense of sending, contexts. Exploring these limitations with data derived from a modest small‐scale qualitative study of young Chinese migrants in London, I argue for a reframing along four dimensions. Firstly, in an era of elite migration, sociology could reach beyond its immigrant problem framework and open up to a broader range of UK migrant ethnicities and circumstances. Secondly, a stronger focus on cities as the scale on which lives are lived, and through which diverse streams of translocal activity are routed, would open new avenues of sociological exploration. Thirdly, including translocal activities connected with distributions of ethnic migrant bodies, such as capital transfers, would broaden its focus, taking migration and ethnicity more centrally into the analysis of globalization as one of its constituting practices. Finally, paying attention to sending, as well as arrival cities, reveals migrants’ thinking and shapes the ways in which they live, as my data shows. The Chinese are both one of the UK's neglected minorities, and one of its fastest growing populations. They are a good example of new UK migrants and they bring globalization's realignment with the rising significance of China to the UK.
The UFW, Cesar Chavez, and Struggles for Farmworker Justice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In September 1962, the National Farm Workers Association held its first convention in Fresno, California, initiating a multiracial movement that would result in the creation of United Farm Workers (UFW) and the first contracts for farmworkers in the state of California. Led by Cesar Chavez, the union contributed several innovations to the art of social protest, including the most successful consumer boycott in the history of the United States. Chavez welcomed contributions from numerous ethnic and racial groups, men and women, young and old. During the 1970s, Chavez struggled to effectively transform his movement into a functioning labor union and maintain the momentum created by the boycott as the state of California became the first to give farmworkers the right to protected union activity and representational elections under the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act. Although Chavez and the UFW ultimately failed to establish a permanent, national union, many labor organizers acquired valuable experience within the UFW, and many applied the lessons they learned to movements for farmworker justice elsewhere. The strategies devised by the UFW continue to be used in farmworker struggles all over the nation in the early 21st century, including among organizers too young to have known Chavez or to participate in the UFW.
Quantification of Atazanavir and Ritonavir in Human Plasma Samples by Rp- Hplc Include Method of Detection in the Title, Eg: Using Pda Detection

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A fixed oral dose combination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir is currently used for the treatment of patients with HIV infections. A selective and novel bio-analytical technique was designed to evaluate Atazanavir and Ritonavir by mass spectroscopic investigation in plasma matrices. The method was chromatographed with Agilent TC-C18, 4.6 x 75 mm, 3.5 µm, 80 Å column, 5mM ammonium acetate: acetonitrile (20:80 v/v) mobile phase was used for Chromatographic separation. UV detector was used to detect the Atazanavir and Ritonavir at 235 nm. For extraction of the analyte and internal standard, Liquid-liquid extraction was employed .This method is validated over a linear concentration range of 50.0 – 10000.0 ng/ml for Atazanavir and Ritonavir with a correlation coefficient (r) of = 0.9997 and both drugs were stable in plasma samples.
Implementation the Rules of al-Ḍarar al-Asyaddu Yuzālu bi al-Ḍarar al-Akhaf at the Bathing Process Transgender Body

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

If the bodies of transgender people who have had genital surgery are carried out according to their original gender, it will cause harm to Muslims. For example, transgender women who are originally male are bathed by men, while their body condition has changed to that of a woman. If it is held according to the current gender it will cause harm to the Islamic religion, namely as if the act of changing gender is permissible. Both of these conditions cause harm. This research aims to analyze the rules of al-ḍarar al-ashaddu yuzālu bi al-ḍarar al-akhaf during the procession of washing the body of a transgender persons that solutions can be found to alleviate these disadvantages. This research is qualitative literature research with a normative juridical approach. The results of the research explain that in the process of washing, the lightest harm is to return the body to its original law. In order to further alleviate the harm that must be done, the washing procession is described in the condition of khunsa musykil, namely that the body can simply be placed in public without washing it, as agreed by the majority of ulama. This is done to protect the private parts and prevent Muslims from seeing and touching it and it is better if the person holding the body is from their own family. Heavy adversity can ultimately be eliminated by enduring lighter adversity and light adversity can still be alleviated by referring to the law of bathing khunsa musykil.
A Blockchain based Framework for Verifying Drug Authenticity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Counterfeit drugs are fake medicines that are potentially harmful for health. Safeguarding the integrity of pharmaceutical distribution plays a crucial role in preventing the circulation of counterfeit drugs. Traditional drug supply chain systems have no effective mechanism to ensure the traceability and integrity of the drug supply chain process. Various ICT-based solutions have been adopted previously and numerous regulations were passed by drug regulatory authorities to ensure interoperable and traceable drug distribution process. However, these solutions could not guarantee a tamper-proof history of supply chain process. Blockchain technology has gained traction in many diverse fields including real-estate, identity management, digital voting, healthcare, etc. Therefore, we have proposed a decentralized framework to insure the authenticity and traceability of the drugs. Moreover, this study presents an overview of how blockchain technology can be employed to counter the fake medicines circulation by embedding the traceability in drug supply chain process. Comparison of various blockchain-based solutions and open research challenges in this regard are also presented.
Hepatitis C Treatment by Directly Acting Antiviral Agents and Its Impact on Glycemic Control

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate Hepatitis C treatment by directly acting antiviral agents and its impact on glycemic control. Study Design: This is an observational study. Setting: This study was conducted in Medicine department Civil Hospital Karachi from March 2018 to December 2019. Materials and Methods: Patients visiting the outpatient department of the hospital having documented HCV infection having type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the study. All participants were given directly acting antiviral treatment for 12 weeks. After treatment they were assessed for achievement of sustained virological response (SVR). Pre-treatment and post treatment fasting blood glucose levels and HbA1c levels were checked. SVR is defined as serum HCV RNA which is undetectable (<50IU/ml) after 12 weeks of antiviral treatment. Results: Around 332 patients matched our inclusion criteria. Amongst these there were 219 males and 113 females. The mean age of patients was 39.44 ± 2.19 years. All the selected participants started therapy on Sofosbuvir-velpatasvir (pangenotypic NS5A-NS5B inhibitor single-pill combination regimen that has potent activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.) plus ribavirin. After treatment with directly acting antiviral therapy 231 (69.57%) patients achieved sustained virological response. Patients who achieved SVR showed improved glycaemic control than those who didn’t. Patients with cirrhosis showed decreased chances of attainment of SVR. Fasting blood glucose levels and HbA1c were also decreased, decreasing the amount of insulin required for diabetes control. Conclusion: Our study showed that treatment with directly acting antiviral treatment improved glycaemic control in HCV infected patients. Other factors like BMI, presence of cirrhosis, mean serum HCV RNA levels and adherence to treatment were major predictors for achievement of SVR.
SOME ESTIMATES OF A MULTI-SCALE FINITE ELEMENT ALGORITHM FOR ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS WITH RAPIDLY OSCILLATING COEFFICIENTS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

For second order elliptic equations with rapidly oscillating coefficients, we make some theoretical analysis for a multi-scale finite element algorithm on condition that rapidly oscillating coefficients a ij belong to Sobolev spaces W 1, p (Q)(1≤p<2). Finally, we employ some numerical experiments to demonstrate those theoretical results.
Insights into the Hydrogen‐Related Mechanism behind Defect Formation during Light‐ and Elevated‐Temperature‐Induced Degradation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

By investigating the formation of light‐ and elevated‐temperature‐induced degradation (LeTID) defects under dark annealing conditions alongside the formation of the boron–hydrogen complex, it is found that both formations are limited by presumably the same reaction. Starting with this observation, two possible mechanisms of LeTID defect formation, a hydrogen‐related association and dissociation process, are discussed. Including the current knowledge on hydrogen in silicon as well as on the reverse reaction to the defect formation, the dissociation mechanism seems to be more likely: the LeTID precursor is composed of hydrogen being bound to another complex. During dark annealing, the hydrogen dissociates and binds to its sink, which herein is boron. The remaining complex is recombination active and leads thus to the observed degradation.
Implementation of health-focused interventions in vulnerable populations: protocol for a scoping review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Vulnerable populations face significant challenges in navigating the care continuum, ranging from diagnosis of illness to linkage and retention in healthcare. Understanding how best to move individuals within these vulnerable populations across the care continuum is critical to improving their health. A large body of literature has focused on evaluation of implementation of various health-focused interventions in this population. However, we do not fully understand the unique challenges to implementing healthcare interventions for vulnerable populations. This study aims to examine the literature describing implementation of health service interventions among vulnerable populations to identify how implementations using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research are adapted. Findings from this review will be useful to implementation scientists to identify gaps in evidence and for adapting similar interventions in unique settings. Methods and analysis This study protocol outlines a scoping review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature, using established approaches delineated in Arksey and O'Malley’s scoping review framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist. Search strategies will be developed and refined by a medical librarian in collaboration with the research team. Searches will be conducted in electronic databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, PsychINFO, PubMed, Social Services Abstracts, Web of Science, Google and Google Scholar) and limited to studies published between 1 August 2009 and 1 June 2020. Additionally, hand searches will be conducted in three relevant journals— Implementation Science , Systematic Reviews and BMJ Open . English-language studies and reports meeting inclusion criteria will be screened independently by two reviewers and the final list will be abstracted and charted in duplicate. Ethics and dissemination This is a review of the literature; ethics approval is not indicated. We will disseminate findings from this study in peer-reviewed journals as well as presentations to relevant stakeholders and conferences.