jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Recent Trends in Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Fission Product Transport From Fuel to Primary Coolant of PWRs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

With over 437 operational power plants, nuclear systems contribute 370705 MW(e) worldwide [1]. The Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) constitute a two-third majority of the operational nuclear power plants while the nuclear reactors in planning and construction phases also show strong trend towards PWRs. These systems are mainly used as baseline load carriers while conventional fossil fueled systems are used for load adjustments and variations [2]. The PWRs have higher than average levels of radiation fields emanating from the corrosion and fission product activity [3] [4] [5]. This leads to prolongation of maintenance schedules entailing loss of revenues mounting to several million dollars per plant annually [6]. Consequently, the plant availability factors are also lowered. This situation is further aggravated due to strong shift of plant age profile toward over 25 years operational range. With plant aging, the fuel failures become more frequent which leads to enhancement of radiation levels in the primary circuits of PWRs. The levels of fission product activity (FPA) have been of concern both from the operational as well as from accidental perspectives. These levels are continuously monitored during the normal operation of PWRs. The fuel pins develop leakages with their burnup. When the failed fuel fraction exceeds a safe limit, replacement of defective assemblies by refueling becomes necessary. Therefore, low levels of leaked-out fission products (FPs) in primary coolant of PWRs are indicative of the core health [7]. In the accidental conditions, the total value of FPA serves as the available source term that potentially can escape into the surroundings [8] [9]. The fission products are released in the fuel matrix during burnup. They escape from the ceramic pellets into the gap between pellets and the clad regions. Hyun et al. [10] have developed an analytic method for the fuel rod gap inventory of unstable fission products during steady state operation of PWRs. The fission gas bubbles escape from grain corners and are interlinked in the open space. The release rate depends on the bubble interlinkage along with temperature and burnup. A generalized model for fission product transport in the fuel-to-sheath gap was given by Lewis [11]. Barrachin et al. presented a review of fission product behaviour in UO2 fuel [12].
Making it up in the office : a study on women and their presentation of self at work.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to understand the makeup practices of the average female office employee in Singapore; how having to wear of make-up can work in or against their favour, and whether they conform to or attempt to subvert these appearance norms. A total of 8 in-depth interviews are conducted, with women of different ages and ethnicity backgrounds. The research has found that makeup often used in the workplace to achieve the appearance of competency, confidence and productivity. Consequently, this has effects on the performance of the respondents at work. In analyzing the experiences and choices made by the women in the sample, the author concludes that the women do not necessarily submit themselves blindly to the oppressive beauty regimes that they are obliged to undertake, but also exert some autonomy in the making of informed choices as well as redefining the use of makeup in the face of the institutional constraints.
Crop related aspects of crop canopy spray interception and spray drift from downward directed spray applications in field crops

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

When spraying Plant Protection Products (PPPs), spray drift and crop interception are two important factors which influence the exposure of aquatic organisms in surface water to PPP. This exposure occurs either in a direct way via deposition of spray droplets on the surface water through spray drift or in an indirect way via the exposure of the soil underneath plants followed by transport of PPP to the surface water by drainage and/or runoff. Edge of field scenarios for the exposure of aquatic organisms in surface water were developed for downward directed spray applications in field crops. A software tool, DRAINBOW, is being developed to facilitate the calculations needed to assess the exposure of aquatic organisms in surface water. Authorisation is given based on the PPP label, which specifies among others the dose, the application technique (e.g. spraying, seed treatment), timing and frequency of the application and possible mitigation measures (e.g. spray drift reducing technologies, width of a crop-free buffer zone). Because spray drift and crop interception depend on the information specified on the label it is necessary to link all these parameters carefully. This report describes the data and the methods used in the DRAINBOW tool to link spray drift and crop interception to the information on the PPP label for downward directed spray applications. Spray drift deposition on surface water is shown to be different depending on spray drift reducing technology class (DRT), crop dependent last nozzle position, width of the crop-free buffer zone, crop growth stage and position and width of the surface water.
Self‐Assembly of Chiral‐at‐End Diketopyrrolopyrroles: Symmetry Dependent Solution and Film Optical Activity and Photovoltaic Performance

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Chiral thiophene‐diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives have been synthesised to investigate the potential of stereochemistry and symmetry as a means of modulating properties by influencing self‐assembly of these purely organic materials. In particular, derivatives of diketopyrrolopyrrole were employed because of their proven interest as dyes, especially for organic solar cells. The natural product myrtenal was used as the source of stereochemistry, introduced through a Kröhnke reaction of a thiophene‐bearing pyridinium salt and diketopyrrolopyrroles were prepared through Suzuki coupling with this chiral moiety at one end only as well as at both ends. Absorption spectroscopy and electrochemistry confirmed the potential suitability of the compounds for photovoltaic devices. The nanostructures formed by the compounds have been probed with circular dichroism spectroscopy in solution and in films. It is shown that a chiral C 2 symmetric molecule assembles in solution giving a strong circular dichroic signal while as a film this optical activity is nulled, whereas an asymmetric homologue is most optically active as a thin film. The X‐ray crystal structure of the asymmetric compound shows a polar order of the molecules that might explain this observation. The lack of optical activity in solution is very likely a result of the high solubility of the compound. The results reaffirm the sensitivity of circular dichroism spectroscopy to inter‐chromophore organisation, whereas absorption spectroscopy in the visible region reveals only slight changes to the bands. The differing order in the compounds also affects their performance in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices. Atomic force microscopy of the blended thin films with the fullerene derivative usually employed (PC 61 BM) showed that smooth and well mixed films were achieved, with the conditions required during spin coating depending greatly on the derivative, because of their differing solubility. The apparently better performance of the symmetrical compound (although with very low efficiency) is probably a result of the alignment of the molecules inferred by the circular dichroism experiments, whereas the asymmetric compound presumably adopts a twisted supramolecular organisation.
Potential biomarkers and latent pathways for vasculitis based on latent pathway identification analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim We aimed in this study to identify the significant latent pathways and precise molecular mechanisms underlying the syndrome of vasculitis. Methods Agilent dual‐channel data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC s) from healthy controls and vasculitis patients were downloaded from EBI Array Express database. Differentially expressed genes ( DEG s) between normal and vasculitis PBMC s samples were selected. Gene Ontology ( GO ) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ( KEGG ) pathway analyses were carried out to identify significant biological processes and pathways. DEG s were matched to NetBox software database to obtain LINKER genes with statistical significance. Protein–protein interaction ( PPI ) network was constructed with LINKER genes and DEG s according to STRING database. Latent pathway identification analysis ( LPIA ) was used to identify the most significant interactions among different pathways involved by DEG s. Results A total of 266 DEG s were selected. GO and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the up‐regulated genes were significantly enriched in defense and wounding response; the down‐regulated genes were enriched in immune response. The modules analysis of PPI network suggested that ISG 15 and IFIT 3 were the potential biomarkers for vasculitis. The results of LPIA showed that NOD ‐like receptor signaling pathway and shigellosis related pathway were the two most significant latent pathway interactions for vasculitis. ISG 15 and IFIT 3 were the potential biomarkers for vasculitis identification. Conclusion NOD ‐like receptor signaling pathway and shigellosis related pathway were the most significant latent pathway interactions for vasculitis. Moreover, LPIA was a useful method for revealing systemic biological pathways and cellular mechanisms of diseases.
A new Ca(II) coordination polymer: Structural characterization and treatment activity on childhood asthma

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the present study, a 3D coordination polymer with the chemical composition of[(CH3)2NH2][Ca(tcpbH)(H2O)] (1) has been solvothermally obtained from a rigid tetracarboxylic acid ligand tetrakis-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (H4tcpb) and alkaline-earth ion CaII. Complex 1 has been well studied via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis (EA), TG analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Its application values on the childhood asthma were determined and the internal principle has been discussed simultaneously. Firstly, the ELISA is utilized to measure the content of inflammatory cytokines released into the Broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after compound treatment. In addition to this, the real time RT-PCR was conducted to measure the relative expression levels of NF-κB signaling pathway in the alveolar epithelial cells.
Effects of Physical Education teachers’ leadership styles and classroom climate on learning motivation for basketball course

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study intends to discuss the effects of university PE teachers' leadership styles and classroom climate on learning motivation for basketball course. University students in Guangdong Province, as the research objects, are surveyed with PE teacher leadership style scale, learning motivation for physical education scale, and classroom climate in physical education scale. Total 589 valid copies of questionnaire are analyzed with Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis. The research results show that teacher support, affinity, charismatic leadership, and intellectual stimulation could positively predict intrinsic motivation, teacher support, laissez-faire leadership, and individualized leadership could positively predict identified regulation, charismatic leadership, individualized leadership, and involvement could positively predict introjected regulation, and laissez-faire leadership and passive management by exception could positively predict motivation. Accordingly, PE teachers' leadership styles of individualized leadership, charismatic leadership, and intellectual stimulation as well as classroom climate of teacher support, affinity, and involvement could positively affect students' autonomous motivation, while laissez-faire leadership and passive management by exception could positively affect students' non-autonomous motivation.
Phylogenetic Implications of the Multiple Losses of the Mitochondrial coxII.i3 Intron in the Angiosperms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Previous studies have shown that the mitochondrial coxII.i3 intron is absent in all rosids examined, in Philadelphus (Hydrangeaceae, Cornales), and in Catharanthus and Vinca (Apocynaceae, Gentianales). We surveyed for the presence or absence of this intron in 177 species representing all orders of angiosperms, where it is primitively present. The intron appears to have been lost independently in Gnetales, Laurales, Zingiberales, Ranunculales, Saxifragales, rosids, Santalales, Caryophyllales, Ericales, Cornales, Gentianales, Lamiales, Boraginales, Aquifoliales, Asterales, Dipsacales, as well as in the genus Escallonia. Depending upon the phylogenies used to interpret the losses, and due to lack of resolution in some groups, the intron could have been lost up to 27 times in the angiosperms (excluding the loss in Gnetales). The losses sometimes corroborate the monophyly of groups (rosids and Lamiales) or of subgroups within orders (in the Ranunculales, Caryophyllales, Cornales, Gentianales, and Asterales). In other groups, such as the Saxifragales, Ericales, and Dipsacales, the patterns of losses are more complex and would require further study. The presence or absence of the coxII.i3 mitochondrial intron seems a useful phylogenetic marker in some groups, but caution in interpretation is needed as multiple parallel losses have occurred throughout the angiosperms.
Conduct Disorder, Probation, and Juvenile Detention Settings

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses the use of dialectical behavior therapy with adolescents who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder, and/or are involved with the legal system in some manner. This includes adolescents referred on an outpatient basis due to behavior problems, as well as adolescents in residential juvenile detention settings. Life-threatening and quality-of-life-interfering behaviors are adapted to include any behaviors that are threatening and harmful to others, in addition to the adolescent. The adolescent would then be reinforced for seeking out coaching from the counselor before he or she engages in disruptive and problematic behaviors at school. Skills coaching between sessions for adolescents who struggle with behavioral problems will look different based on clinicians setting. The Child Behavior Checklist assessment is really popular, and can be used for children and adolescents. Many adolescents who have legal difficulties struggle with mental illness and emotion dysregulation.
Distributed Low Power Scheduling in Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless sensor networks are becoming more and more common in the ubiquitous computing era. The applications of sensor networks are diverse and they are employed in areas such as smart homes, military, ITS, fire monitoring, factory automation, and so on. However, sensor networks are generally battery powered and thus, low power consumption is required for prolonged use. In this paper, we propose a distributed low power scheduling algorithm for sensor nodes to determine its active time slots in a TDMA mechanism working on top of a slotted CSMA network. The performance evaluation shows that an extremely small duty cycle is achieved by the proposed algorithm with a tradeoff in data delay in a sensor network application
Evaluation of the New Behring Nephelometer in the Measurement of M Proteins

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Behring Nephelometer is a new automatic analyzer designed for the measurement of specific proteins. The authors evaluated the nephelometer in the determination of M proteins as compared with immunodiffusion and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. In addition, the effects of sample dilution and antigen excess on the nephelometric measurement of M proteins were studied in 24 patient samples containing a single monoclonal IgG, IgA, or IgM M component. Immunodiffusion cannot be recommended for the determination of M proteins. Nephelometry and protein electrophoresis gave similar results with few exceptions. Sera with immunoglobulin monomer-oligomer pairs involve difficulties in serum electrophoresis. In certain cases, special care must be taken to adjust the nephelometric measurement of the M protein to the most accurate part of the calibration curve. All in all, the new Behring Nephelometer proved precise and reliable in M protein determination without risk of antigen excess.
The Artistic Characteristics of “Yi” in Yushu, Qinghai Province, and Its Application in Teaching

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

“Yi” is a folk song and dance with unique characteristics in Yushu, Qinghai Province. This paper reviews the cultural connotation, performance form, and artistic characteristics of “Yi,” and deeply analyzes its melody mode, structural characteristics, and melody form. From the angle of dance professional education, this paper probes into the practical application of Yushu “Yi” in contemporary Tibetan dance teaching, providing new ideas for the inheritance and innovation of traditional folk art.
Homelessness and Health Disparities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A graduate level nursing course was enhanced by adding photo voice methodology to explore cultural dimensions of health care delivery in urban and rural settings. Photo voice enables the student to record community strengths and concerns. It promotes critical dialogue and knowledge about important issues through large and small group discussion of photographs and ultimately reach policymakers (Wang & Burris, 1997).Three of twenty-seven exposures, represent the raw, uncut harsh realities of homelessness in the heart of downtown Houston, Texas. In a city, known for the largest medical center in the world, health disparities are seen on nearly every corner. Healthcare and accessibility to healthcare services for the homeless are scarce and not effectively utilized. Deplorable, unsanitary environments are breathing grounds for infection and communicable diseases. Substance abuse and mental health disorders negatively impact the lives of many. Within the homeless community, chronic diseases are usually not diagnosed or poorly managed possibly due to poor follow-up and/or healthcare accessibility. There is an abundance of healthcare services, but for whatever unforeseen circumstances, health promotion does not appear to be prevalent within the homeless community.
Dual phase Tc-99m sestamibi planar, SPECT and SPECT/CT for localization of parathyroid adenoma in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

47 Objectives: Pre-operative parathyroid imaging in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism is increasingly being used to localize parathyroid adenoma and to guide surgeons during minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. Although different protocols are in use, few direct comparisons exist. This study sought to determine the optimal imaging protocol for pre-operative parathyroid adenoma localization comparing single and combined early and delayed Tc-99m sestamibi planar, SPECT and SPECT/CT methods. Methods: Between 4/2003 and 7/2005, 210 patients had Tc-99m sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy; 108 diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism who had no prior neck surgery were analyzed. At 15 minutes and 2 hours post-injection, 10 minute anterior, 35 degree RAO and 35 degree LAO planar images were acquired; planar imaging was immediately followed by SPECT/CT. Studies were acquired on a GE Millenium VG or Infinia. Six image sets were anonymized: early and delayed planar, early and delayed SPECT and early and delayed SPECT/CT. Two experienced nuclear medicine physicians interpreted the 6 single image sets and combinations of 2 image sets (19 different readings) to determine the presence or absence of an adenoma at 13 locations. Each image set or combination was scored using a 5 point scale for certainty of focus and certainty of location. Surgical location was the gold standard. Data were analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, accuracy (AUC of ROC curve), PPV and NPV, and correlation with patient characteristics. Scores of 1-3 were considered negative and 4-5 positive. Results: There were 33 males and 75 females; mean age was 60.0 yrs (28.2-94.0). Overall kappa value was 0.69; lowest kappa values were for planar images while highest kappa values were for combinations. Overall lateralization AUC, PPV and NPV were 80.5%, 96.7% and 69.8%, respectively. Overall precise localization AUC, PPV and NPV were 73.3%, 78.9% and 95.1%, respectively. When inferior and inferior-posterior locations were combined, overall precise localization AUC, PPV and NPV were 77.3%, 89.9% and 95.0%, respectively. Highest AUC and PPV were found in dual phase image sets which included combinations of early SPECT/CT with any late image set. Significant correlations were found between certainty of focus and adenoma mass (p Conclusions: Addition of SPECT/CT imaging to dual phase parathyroid planar scintigraphy using Tc-99m sestamibi demonstrates significant increases in accuracy and PPV when compared to single time point planar and SPECT studies.
Job-shadowing: Swiss health librarians observing experienced search specialists and information skills trainers in London

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract
As librarians of the Social & Preventive Medicine Library in Bern, we help researchers perform systematic literature searches and teach students to use medical databases. We developed our skills mainly “on the job”, and we wondered how other health librarians in Europe were trained to become experts in searching. We had a great opportunity to “job shadow” specialists in this area of library service during a 5-day-internship at the Royal Free Hospital Medical Library in London, Great Britain.
Phase Plane-based Approaches for Event Detection and Plausibility Check of Vehicle Dynamics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In recent years the number of electronic systems dramatically increased in vehicles. In the field of autonomous braking the Electronic Stability Control (ESC) is one of the most important braking functions. Two of the biggest challenges of the development of ESC are the validity of the inputs and logic of the intervention. In this paper the initial results of a new phase plane-based approach are introduced. This approach can be the base of a wide spectrum of vehicle dynamic application but from ESC point of view it can be used for detecting critical driving maneuvers and for monitoring of inertia sensors plausibility. The main advantage of the phase-based method is that it can decrease the number of necessary vehicle dependent parameters during the detection of critical driving situations and sensor plausibility problems. In the article simulation results are presented to highlight the advantage of the proposed approach. The results show that our phase plane method can be used in the development of ESC in the future.
Japanese women in Joseon and fudo as seen in the magazine Japanese Ladies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

제2차 세계대전 말기, 일제는 총력전체제에 돌입하면서 재조일본 여성에게 조선에서의 총동원령의 견인자이자 총후의 주역으로서의 의무를 강조하였다. 그러나 일제는 이러한 제국주의 국민으로서의 여성의 국가적 역할을 강조하기 앞서, 부덕과 부도의 마음가짐과 자세를 먼저 수양과 수행으로 체득해야 함을 강조한다. 재조일본 여성은 부인, 어머니로서 단순히 가족의 행복과 가족의 봉양, 가문을 위한 수신제가에 그치지 않고 개인의 삶의 목적이 아닌 국가 보위와 이익을 우선시하는 수신제가는 물론, 여성의 총후 전쟁의 주역으로서 가정 생활을 어떻게 영위해야 하는지를 󰡔일본부인󰡕(조선판)을 통해서 확인할 수 있다. 또한 그러한 의무와 역할을 실현하는 데 재조일본 여성으로서 특별히 주어지는 역할로 조선이라는 식민지 지역 사회에서의 조선여성과 친구로서, 선생으로서 교제하면서 이들을 총후 전쟁에 참여케 할 시대의 요구가 작동되고 있다. 부덕과 부도의 출발점은 어머니의 모성에서 시작되며 일본 건국의 여신인 아마테라스오오미카미의 존재를 결부시킨다. 즉 일본 국체가 곧 어머니의 모성에서 비롯된다는 총후의 논리를 도출하면서, 전쟁에서 일본이 승리하기 위해 결국 여성인 모성의 힘이 발휘되어야 함을 미화함과 동시에 가정 내에 국한되었던 기존 일본여성의 사회적 역할을 전쟁으로 이끌어내기 위한 논리의 장치를 구축한다. 이것은 전근대 봉건사회의 무사도처럼 일본여성에게 근대 국민으로서의 보국충성의 국가정신을 ‘부도’에 적용하고 있음을 알 수 있다.