jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Older person’s experiences of benefits gained from the support and advice given during preventive home visits

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Life expectancy is increasing all over the world. To be able to support this positive development, health interventions focusing on promotion and prevention are crucial. Preventive home visits represent one example of a health intervention which addresses both promotion through a supportive dialogue and prevention by giving advice. However, to give support and advice that older persons experience as beneficial, there is a need for more research. Aim The aim of this study was to explore older person’s experiences of the benefits gained from the support and advice given during the preventive home visit. Method Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 older persons, median age 77 years old, living at home, who had received a preventive home visit. The interviews were analysed with content analysis. Findings The overarching theme Becoming empowered and recognised as a person was experienced as the major benefit of the support and advice given during the preventive home visit. The support and advice generated conditions for the person to become empowered, by contributing to a feeling of control and preparedness for the future. Furthermore, the support and advice given contributed to a feeling of becoming recognised as a person, as an outcome of the supportive dialogue and the assessment of their health, behaviour and their surrounding environment. Conclusion The support and advice given during the preventive home visit were experienced as person‐centred, and conditions for becoming empowered were created. In order to create a positive outcome from the support and advice given during the preventive home visit, it seems important to focus on providing both a supportive dialogue and a structured assessment.
The recent mollusca of Tasmania

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Tasmania may be considered fairly rich in recent molluscan species, as she possesses nearly 700 marine forms, with about 100 terrestrial and fresh-water kinds besides.
Very many of the species in all branches are extremely small, requiring much careful search in order to obtain them, and microscopical examination to reveal their characteristics, their beauties of form, sculpture, and colouring.
But such work is well repaid by the results, whilst, doubtless, there are still various species to be discovered in the less well-known parts of the island, for many of the recognised forms are very local in their habitats, and, in numerous cases, their minuteness renders them so difficult to find that even an experienced collector may overlook them.
Recovery of Spores from Thermophilic Dairy Bacilli and Effects of Their Surface Characteristics on Attachment to Different Surfaces

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Spores from four Geobacillus spp. were isolated from a milk powder manufacturing line in New Zealand. Liquid sporulation media produced spore yields of ∼10 7 spores ml −1 ; spores were purified using a two-phase system created with polyethylene glycol 4000 and 3 M phosphate buffer. The zeta potentials of the spores from the four isolates ranged from −10 to −20 mV at neutral pH, with an isoelectric point between pH 3 and 4. Through contact angle measurements, spores were found to be hydrophilic and had relative hydrophobicity values of 10 to 40%, as measured by the microbial adhesion to hexadecane assay. The most hydrophilic spore isolate with the smallest negative charge attached in the highest numbers to Thermanox and stainless steel (1 × 10 4 spores cm −2 ), with fewer spores attaching to glass (3 × 10 3 spores cm −2 ). However, spores produced by the other three strains attached in similar numbers ( P > 0.05) to all substrata (∼1 × 10 3 spores cm −2 ), indicating that there was no simple relationship between individual physicochemical interactions and spore adherence. Therefore, surface modifications which limit the attachment of one strain may not be effective for all stains, and control regimens need to be devised with reference to the characteristics of the particular strains of concern.
The Thermal Effects of Nucleation and Crystallization of KBr and KCL Solutions. III. The Heat of Crystallization and the Co‐Precipitation of Lead Ions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Salt solutions saturated at 44° C and containing varying amounts of lead ions were allowed to cool to about 29°C in 5.5 h. The total heat, ΔH t , evolved decreased to 2/3 of its highest value with the increase of Pb 2+ ‐concentration, while the amount of salt crystallized, W c , decreased to nil. The distribution coefficient of Pb 2+ between crystals and solution was 10.5 and 9.8 for KBr and KCl respectively. The high lead content improved the perfection of the crystals. The results are consistent with a two‐stage mechanism of crystallization: heterogeneous nucleation by complex ions and growth of crystals by the addition of bloc nuclei.
Between Order and Anarchy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After Anarchy: Legitimacy and Power in the United Nations Security Council is an ambitious study of the politics of legitimacy in international relations. In it, Ian Hurd contends that international organizations have legitimated authority and, as a result, hold and exercise sovereignty. According to Hurd, the fact that sovereignty is located in international institutions as well as states undermines claims that the international system is defined by anarchy. Instead, legitimized international institutions contribute substantially to order in world politics. Hurd specifically examines the politics of legitimacy in the United Nations Security Council. He concludes that the legitimacy of this body has enabled it to play a crucial role in shaping state interests and behavior in world politics. In addition to contributing to the literature on international organizations, After Anarchy contributes to critical debates in international relations theory. Hurd seeks to bridge the gap between rationalist and constructivist theories of international relations, and his framework builds on aspects of the various competing schools of thought. From realism, he accepts the assumption that states are rational actors as well as the realist emphasis on the importance of power. He also incorporates neo-liberal assumptions about the role that international organizations can play in reducing transaction costs among states that routinely interact with each other. Finally, Hurd draws on the constructivist assumption that state conceptions of self-interest are fundamentally shaped by socially constructed norms. For Hurd, the concept of legitimacy is central to bridging the gap between these theoretical approaches.
COMPARISON OF POPULATION ECOLOGY BETWEEN TWO MYMARID EGG PARASITOIDS OF RICE PLANTHOPPERS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang et Wang and Anagrus paranilaparvatae Pang et Wang are important egg parasitoids of rice planthoppers in Nanjing and other southern rice areas of China.If was observed that between these two parasitoids there was a seasonal replacement of populations;and experiments were carried out to analyse the cause of this phenomenon.The results showed that the temperature threshold for the immature stage awl generation development of A.nilaparvatae was lower than that for A.paranilaparvatae;therefore the former may have more generations a year.The survival in immature stage and fecundity of A.nilaparvatae were greatly reduced at high temperature:hut the highest mortality of A.paranila-parratae occurred at 18℃.According to the experiment data,theoretically the must favourable temperature for their population growth were 27.41℃ and 31.87℃resperrively,at which A.nilapareatae had higher innate capacity for increase than A,paramlaparnataWhen eggs of Sogatella Jurcijera and Neapareate lages were provided logether as larsts for the two Mymarid parasitoids,A.nilaparuatue prefetured N.lugens which was only attat cked by A.paranilaparade The Tunetional respotses to the host densities of the two parasitolds parasitizing the eggs of N.lugens were analysed,and it was found that their behavioural responses to varying host egg densities fit to the Holling's type II functional response.According to the ratio of searching or attacking efficiency(a')to the handling time(Th),A,pa-ranilepareatae had higher potential in controlling N.lugens than A.nilaparvatae.
Morphology and microstructure of epitaxial Cu(001) films grown by primary ion deposition on Si and Ge substrates

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A low-energy, high-brightness, broad beam Cu ion source is used to study the effects of self-ion energy Ei on the deposition of epitaxial Cu films in ultrahigh vacuum. Atomically flat Ge(001) and Si(001) substrates are verified by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) prior to deposition of 300 nm Cu films with Ei ranging from 20 to 100 eV. Film microstructure, texture, and morphology are characterized using x-ray diffraction ω-rocking curves, pole figure analyses, and STM. Primary ion deposition produces significant improvements in both the surface morphology and mosaic spread of the films: At Ei&gt;37 eV the surface roughness decreases by nearly a factor of 2 relative to evaporated Cu films, and at Ei≂35 eV the mosaic spread of Cu films grown on Si substrates is only ≂2°, nearly a factor of 2 smaller than that of evaporated Cu. During deposition with Ei≂25 eV on Ge substrates, the film coherently relaxes the 10% misfit strain by formation of a tilt boundary which is fourfold symmetric toward 〈111〉. The films have essentially bulk resistivity with ρ=1.9±0.1 μΩ cm at room temperature but the residual resistance at 10 K, ρ0, shows a broad maximum as a function of Ei, e.g., at Ei≂30 eV, ρ0=0.5 μΩ cm.
Breast cancer patients co-expressing estrogen receptor alpha and/or progesterone receptors and HER2/neu: Response to adjuvant therap

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

699 Background: In breast cancer patients ERα/PR (HR) predict the response to endocrine therapy (mainly tamoxifen: Tx), and HER2/neu predicts the response to trastuzumab. These molecules are inversely correlated (not all reports agree on this), however, in a few cases they are co-expressed. Some but not all studies suggest that HR+/HER2/neu+ patients have poor response to Tx making this special group a matter of debate. In this prospective study we report the response to adjuvant therapy in a relatively small subgroup of patients co-expressing HR and HER2/neu. Methods: We have analysed the data from our patients: n=516, follow-up: 5–10 years, consecutive stage I-II cases, tumor biopsies studied by immunohistochemistry to integrate the molecular markers ERα, PR, PCNA, HER2/neu, p53 and P170 with the clinicopathological data to obtain prognostic information (J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 67:431–437, 1998). ERα/PR+: nuclear receptors in ≥ 10% of cancer cells, HER2/neu+: membrane staining in >1% of cancer cells (in previous studies this expression level correlated with western blot and southern blot). Results: Fifty one (10.4%) patients co-expressed HR and HER2/neu, from these, 21 patients received adjuvant therapy with Tx alone (20 mg/day). Lymph node-negative patients treated with Tx alone showed survival curves similar to the patients that were HR+/HER2/neu negative (n=106). In contrast, lymph node positive patients (HR+/HER2/neu+) treated with Tx alone had shorter survival (p=0.002), the treatment with poly-chemotherapy followed by Tx did not improved significantly the survival of these patients. Conclusions: Breast cancer patients co-expressing HR and HER2/neu may be treated with adjuvant therapy with Tx alone if they are lymph node negative. In contrast, Tx alone should not be used in HR+/HER2/neu+ patients with lymph node-positive tumors (treatment with poly-chemotherapy followed by Tx did not improved the survival, in these cases perhaps trastuzumab should be added). No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cytomegalovirus infection causes delayed platelet recovery after bone marrow transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pathogenic effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on the hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was retrospectively studied in 87 recipients of (nonpurged) autologous BMT and in 56 recipients of allogeneic BMT from HLA-identical siblings. Indications for autologous BMT were lymphomas or acute leukemias and for allogeneic BMT various malignancies or aplastic anemia. Patients were divided for the study in two groups, CMV-positive and CMV-negative on the basis of the CMV status pretransplant, and CMV-negative patients were kept CMV-negative by the local transfusion policy. In allogeneic BMT recipients, platelet recovery was significantly slower in CMV- positive patients than in CMV-negative patients (platelets greater than 50,000 cells/microL after 41 days v 27 days, P = .007). This difference held true when patients with acute graft-versus-host disease above grade I were excluded (platelets greater than 50,000 cells/microL after 42 days v 24 days, P = .01). In autologous BMT, the negative effect on platelet recovery was present in patients with lymphomas, but absent in patients with acute leukemias. Patients with acute leukemias had a very delayed recovery of platelets and granulocytes after autologous BMT, irrespective of the CMV status, probably due to the original stem cell disorder. Platelet recovery was significantly slower in CMV-positive autologous BMT recipients with lymphomas than in those not infected (platelets greater than 50,000 cells/microL after 36 days v 24 days, P = .0002). The presence of CMV infection had no effect on the recovery of granulocytes in autologous or allogeneic BMT. These data show that CMV infection causes delayed platelet recovery after BMT; however, in autologous BMT, the underlying disease (ie, acute leukemia) is more determinant for hematopoiesis after BMT.
Role of Acinetobacter as pathogen of Health care Associated Pneumonia and Blood Stream Infections in ICU Setting in a Tertiary Care Hospital in New Delhi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Invasive diseases due to Acinetobacter is an increasing problem in health care settings and especially in Intensive Care Units (ICU) worldwide. These organisms occur as components of commensal flora of man and animals and are therefore regular contaminants of hospital environment. Purpose-This prospective study was conducted at Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi in the Department of Microbiology and Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine to ascertain the role of Acinetobacter as a Pathogen in Healthcare Associated Pneumonia (HCAP) and Blood stream Infections(BSI). Findings-One hundred and eight consecutive, non repeat isolates of Acinetobacter species isolated from blood and respiratory tract were studied. Nineteen cases were identified together as Healthcare associated pneumonia (HCAP) and blood stream infections(BSI). By applying Fishers Exact Test,the colonization rate vs the infection due to Acinetobacter species rate was calculated to be 82.41% (BSI+HCAP) and 17.59% which was found to be significantly in in favour of colonization.(p- value0.001). Tracheostomy was a significant risk factor associated with the development of HCAP due to Acinetobacter species (p-value< 0.05)(Fishers Exact Test) while Immunosuppression (p-value≤0.05.) and presence of multiple catheters(p<0.05) were independent risk factors in BSI infections. Immunosuppression was found to be significantly higher in the BSI group compared to the Non-BSI group. Conclusion- This study shows that mere colonisation by Acinetobacter species should not be considered as an indication for antimicrobial treatment for the same as a very small proportion of Acinetobacter species was responsible for infection.
The AMeX method: a multipurpose tissue-processing and paraffin-embedding method. II. Extraction of spooled DNA and its application to Southern blot hybridization analysis.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In our previous report, we described a new fixation and paraffin-embedding method (the AMeX method) that preserves many of the antigens that are normally destroyed by routine formalin fixation. The current study was conducted to examine the preservation of high-molecular-weight DNA in tissues processed by this method. DNA was extracted from AMeX-processed tissue sections after deparaffinization by the same method as that used to extract DNA from fresh tissues. The total amounts of DNA extracted from 10 mg each in wet weight of AMeX-processed and fresh mouse liver tissues were identical. In tissues of malignant lymphoma, the total amount of spooled DNA extracted from 50 sections, each 20 microns thick, was about 8 micrograms/mm2. The electrophoretic pattern of DNA digested with restriction endonucleases on agarose gel from AMeX-processed tissue sections did not differ from that of fresh materials. Southern blot hybridization analysis also revealed that the mobility of specific DNA fragments was identical for AMeX-processed and fresh tissues. The AMeX method was thus proved to be a versatile multipurpose tissue-processing procedure, which is expected to provide important information regarding the correlation between morphology, phenotypic expression, and gene alteration.
Green Stick? Coercive Capacity and Non-Political Protests in Russia: Case of Environmental Mobilization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Environmental activism is one of the important forms of civic activity in all types of political regimes. But under the conditions of autocracies it has a distinct specificity, which involves a conscious distancing from politics. The tendency to avoid “politicization” is an integral component of the strategy of eco-activists, who are well aware of the risks of protest actions in an authoritarian context. Environmental protest activity is often perceived as non-political by the ruling elites, but their reaction to it varies. In search of an answer to the question about the causes of such variations the authors elaborate a theoretical model, according to which the reaction of elites to environmental activism is determined by the power potential of the heads of executive government in combination with a high level of inequality, which signals the possible risks of eco-protests turning into broad political mobilization. The model is tested on data concerning environmental protests in Russian regions. By using the method of statistical modelling, the authors come to the conclusion, that the factor of socio-economic inequality does not affect the intensity of environmental mobilization, but has a key significance as a catalyst for the coercive reaction of the authorities. In the regions with high levels of inequality, the “stick” is systematically applied to environmentalists, while in regions with relatively moderate economic stratification environmental protests remain an acceptable form of expressing discontent. At the same time, the presence of a coercive component in the political capital of regional elites plays a crucial role in reducing the eco-protest potential. In addition to that, the research indicates that regional protest activity on environmental issues in Russia is leaving the format of non-political mobilization. As a result, the authorities’ response is increasingly based on suppression, similar to other types of protests, which potentially limits the opportunities for conveying an environmental agenda.
The Computer and Academic Learning Time

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Academic learning can be defined as the Academic amount of a student spends attending to relevant academic tasks while performing those tasks more successfully (Caldwell, Huitt, and Graeber 1982). In any subject area, academic learning is likely to be more strongly related to academic success than any other variable over which the teacher can exercise control (Berliner 1984). In evaluating potential applications of the computer in the curriculum, it is necessary to have a theory-based framework for making decisions about the computer's usefulness. This article recommends using academic learning as the major factor in deciding whether and how to introduce the computer into the curriculum at any grade level or in any subject area. Students learn efficiently to the extent that they turn their and into academic learning time. Neither class time nor study time automatically qualifies as academic learning time, but both may become academic learning to the extent that the learner actively attends to relevant tasks with a high rate of success. A student who devotes ten hours to academic learning for any topic will learn more than an equally capable student who devotes only five hours. However, one who allocates only five hours to and spends 90 percent of it in active academic learning will learn more than an equally capable student who allocates ten hours but spends only 30 percent of it in active academic learning. Simply stated, in most situations in which computers enhance learning, they do so because they increase effective academic learning time. When computers fail to improve learning, it is often because they do not increase academic learning time. In looking for areas in which computers can enhance classroom instruction, therefore, we should look for ways to increase the academic learning available for students to use effectively. This article will examine several specific examples of the use of microcomputers for instruction. In cases where the computer has led to improved student performance, this article will point out that the improvement arose almost entirely from an increase in academic learning time. In cases where no improvement occurred, this article will show that this failure occurred because the computers did not increase academic learning time.
EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES ON BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION IN GRAIN AND FORAGE LEGUMES - A REVIEW

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Legumes are an integral part of the farming systems. They are grown sole as well as inter/mixed crops. They not only provide food for human beings and fodder for animals but also fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. Nitrogen so fixed by various legwnes in association with diffe~ent species of rhizobia results in increased soil fertility. Everyone is interested in higher amounts of nitrogen fixation by legwnes but some factors limit their efficiency. One of these factors could be the herbicides. Though herbicides are applied for controllng weeds yet indirectly some of them may influence their (legwnes') nitrogen-fixing activity. Herbicidal effect on nitrogen fixation may be either beneficial or deleterious. In this paper an attempt has been made to review the literature on the effects of herbicides on biological nitrogen fixation in some of the commonly grown legwnes, either for food or forage.
Spontaneous postpartum recovery of mild traumatic brain injury induced growth hormone deficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A woman in her late 20s developed persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) sustained in a motor vehicle collision. Symptoms included daily headaches, cognitive and physical fatigue and vision disturbances, which persisted despite extensive rehabilitation and medical interventions by multiple specialists. At 20 months post-mTBI, an endocrinological assessment confirmed post-traumatic growth hormone deficiency (GHD) through provocative glucagon stimulation testing (GST) revealing a peak GH level of 1.2 µg/L, and recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy was initiated. The patient’s fatigue and overall quality of life improved on treatment, but therapy was paused during pregnancy and breastfeeding. After giving birth, the patient requested a re-evaluation for GHD before resuming treatment. Remarkably, provocative testing revealed spontaneous recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic axis with a peak GH level of 18.0 µg/L, and rhGH therapy was discontinued.