jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sexual Prohibitions, Shared Space and ‘Fictive’ Marriages in Shi’ite Iran

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter provides a description of the reality of both sexual segregation and interaction for the ordinary Moslem with particular reference to Iran, where the majority of the population belong to the Ithna Ashari branch of Shi'a Islam. Veiling and confining women to the home have served in practice to ensure that as far as possible the only men and women permitted social interaction are those between whom marriage is forbidden: they are said to be mahram to each other. The prohibition upon illicit sex extends even to looks and gestures, according to some commentators. In the case of marriages which are not consummated the man and woman are subject to the same prohibition concerning ascendants. Traditionally, in village and town alike, the household, at a certain period of its development cycle, would often comprise a cluster of nuclear families. In the past the allocation of space within the house reflected the need to accommodate such large numbers of people.
Risk and diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy young adults by means of the waist-height

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with overweightness and/or obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemias, and insulin resistance; timely detection can help to avoid or reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases or type 2 diabetes mellitus, which the main causes of death from noncommunicable diseases in Mexico.Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as a parameter for risk assessment and diagnosis of MS in a population of apparently healthy young adults.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study.Sample of 337 subjects was recruited.Biochemical and anthropometric parameters were determined for the presence of MS, obtaining WHtR and quartiles were generated to propose a cutoff point with which the risk and diagnostic utility of this ratio were assessed by means of quantitative comparisons, risk analysis, and likelihood analysis.Results: The WHtR is a very sensitive and specific test for the diagnosis of MS.The areas under the curve were 98% and 83%, respectively, for men and women, for the diagnosis of MS (p < 0.0001).It was found that a WHtR higher than 0.53 increases the risk of MS (odds ratio = 18.62, 95% confidence interval = 1.7-208, p = 0.02).Potential impact measures suggest by controlling the WHtR, 94% of MS cases could be prevented.Conclusions: The WHtR is useful and accurate for the diagnosis of the MS in apparently healthy young adults.
Figures of Repetition: Continuity and Discontinuity in Karl Kraus's Satire

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Karl Kraus's undaunted campaign to halt the rotary mechanism of the press determined that his own work and his self-reflection as a satirist were bound by structures of continuity and repetition and their rhetorical expression. A crisis comparable to the 'language crisis' of modernism alternates with qualitatively different repetition, the regeneration of the artist of language in literary and erotic experience. The image of a conservative anti-modernist invoking the values of 'the origin' against modernity is revised, in so far as the negations of satire exploit repetition and differentiation performatively, a practice that is compared and contrasted with deconstruction.
Sustained Maternal Smoking Triggers Endothelial-Mediated Oxidative Stress in the Umbilical Cord Vessels, Resulting in Vascular Dysfunction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is fundamental in the regulation of redox balance and functionality of the endothelium, especially in the case of the umbilical cord (UC), which has no innervation. The analysis of UC vessel-related complications could serve as a useful tool in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to neonatal cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the mechanisms that rule the severity of prenatal endothelial dysfunction, induced by the long-term effect of maternal smoking. Our analysis describes the initiation and the consequences of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) deactivation, along with the up-regulation of possible compensatory pathways, using structural, molecular and biochemical approaches. This study was carried out on both the UC arteries and veins originated from neonates born to non-smoking and heavy-smoking mothers. The alterations stimulated by maternal smoking are vessel-specific and proportional to the level of exposure to harmful materials passed through the placenta. Typically, in the primarily exposed veins, an increased formation of reactive oxygen species and an up-regulation of the highly-efficient NOS2-NO producing pathway were detected. Despite all the extensive structural and functional damages, the ex vivo heat and cadmium ion-treated UC vein pieces still support the potential for stress response.
‘It feels it’s wasting whatever time I’ve got left’: A qualitative study of living with treatable but not curable cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: People living with cancer that is treatable but not curable have complex needs, often managing health at home, supported by those close to them. Challenges are likely to be exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk-reducing measures introduced in response. The impact of COVID-19 on those living with incurable, life-threatening conditions is little understood. Aim: To investigate the experiences and identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for people living with treatable not curable cancer and their informal carers. Design: Qualitative semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with 21 patients living with cancer that is treatable but not curable and 14 carers. Setting/ participants: Participants were part of a larger longitudinal qualitative study (ENABLE) on supported self-management for people living with cancer that is treatable but not curable. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic magnified uncertainty and anxiety and led to loss of opportunities to do things important to patients in the limited time they have left to live. Lack of face-to-face contact with loved ones had a significant impact on patients’ and carers’ emotional wellbeing. Carers experienced increased responsibilities but less access to formal and informal support and respite. While changes to treatment led to some concern about longer-term impact on health, most patients felt well-supported by healthcare teams. Conclusion: The study provides rich insights into the nature of challenges, uncertainty and lost opportunities resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic for patients and carers living with cancer that is treatable but not curable, which has wider resonance for people living with other life-limiting conditions.
Abstract 12927: A Deep Learning Algorithmic Approach to Identify Predictors of In-Hospital Outcomes in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The use of deep learning (DL) through artificial neural networks is increasingly being employed to analyze large, complex datasets in clinical research allowing for new insights. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTS) has an incidence of 12.4% with a reported in-hospital mortality of 5% in the US. While overall risk factors for the condition have been identified, data regarding in-hospital predictors are scant. We sought to apply a DL Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with TTS. Methods: The National In-patient Sample is the largest, publicly available, repository of in-patient data comprising a 20% stratified sample of all US hospital discharges. We identified all unweighted hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of TTS from 2016-2019 using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnosis codes. Data regarding demographics, hospital characteristics, known confounders and associated secondary diagnoses were abstracted. These data were then analyzed using a multilayer perceptron ANN where 70% (4,579) of the dataset was used for training and 30% (1,894) for testing. An independent variable importance analysis was also performed. Results: The training and testing models were able to accurately predict outcomes in 98.6% and 98.2% of the data, respectively. ANN identified covariates with high independent variable importance (normalized importance of >70%) include interstitial lung disease, ventricular fibrillation, end-stage renal disease, 3rd degree AV block, sudden cardiac arrest, and acute PE (Model AUC: 0.952). Conclusions: Deep learning-based algorithms utilizing ANNs have the potential to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality with significant accuracy in large volume databases such as the NIS. Among all the covariates that were analyzed, our model was able to identify covariates associated with high importance in predicting outcomes.
Bioprospective Screening of Antibacterial and Phytochemical Activity of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Pride of Barbados) on Selected Clinical Isolate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This research work was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial and Phytochemical activities of Caesalpiniapulcherrima leaf and stem bark on some clinical isolates.The plant parts were collected from St. Benedict Catholic Church premises, Owena Barracks, Akure, Ondo State.Crude ethyl acetate extracts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima leaves and stem bark was assayed for its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi.using agar well diffusion method.Ofloxacin was used as standard control.The ethyl acetate extract of Caesalpiniapulcherrima leaves inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonellatyphi with 12mm, 10mm and 12mm zone of inhibition at 100mg/ml concentration and 4mm, 4mm and 6mm zone of inhibition at 12.5mg/ml concentration respectively but ineffective against Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.It also inhibits the growth of Bacillus substilis with 7mm zone of inhibition at 100mg/ml concentration and 3.0mm zone of inhibition at 25mg/ml concentration.The ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark inhibited the growth of Escherichiacoli, with 12mm and 4mm zone of inhibition at 100mg/ml and 25mg/ml concentration and Staphylococcus and Salmonellatyphi with 10mm and 15mm inhibition zones at 100mg/ml concentration and 4mm and 4mm zone of inhibition at 12.5mg/ml respectively, but were ineffective against other isolates.Both qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluations were also carried out on both the leaves and stem bark of Caesalpinia pulcherrima and results revealed the presence of several phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, steroids, anthraquinones, phenols, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and reducing sugar with the bark possessing more of the phytochemicals.It has been reported in the literature that these species exhibit a wide range
Seroprevalence of hepatitis C infection in patients undergoing haemodialysis in a tertiary care centre

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem among these patients in developing countries like India. This could be either due to a non-adherence to strict infection control measures or the unavailability of vaccine to prevent HCV infection.Objectives of the Study: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of HCV infection in patients undergoing haemodialysis and assess the major risk factors, the efficacy of infection control measures in the dialysis unit by studying the seroconversion rates from HCV negative to HCV positive and also formulate ways to prevent the nosocomial spread of HCV infection in the dialysis unit.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among 250 patients undergoing haemodialysis in the dialysis unit of a tertiary care centre. They were tested for the presence of anti-HCV antibody by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results: The seroprevalence of HCV infection among the patients undergoing haemodialysis as per this study is 4.8%. The risk factors identified were age >50, prolonged duration of dialysis and multiple blood transfusions. One significant observation was of the probability of lateral spread of HCV infection within the dialysis unit.Conclusions: Although there is no consensus regarding machine dedication between HCV non-infected and HCV-infected patients, we found that using dedicated HD machines had an important role in reducing HCV transmission in our dialysis unit. However, risk prevails if any seronegative patient acts as HCV carrier.
Grid-connected hybrid power system designed for two modern villages in Iraq

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In the last few decades, the world is looking for an alternative electrical power source to replace or reduce the traditional fossil fuel power plants. Renewable energy is playing a vital role in producing clean and sustainable electricity. Wind energy and solar energy are considered prospective renewable power sources in Iraq. The present work offers sustainable electricity for two modern villages located in two different cities Al-Mosul and Al-Najaf. The proposed system is a grid-connected system consists of a Fuhrländer 100KW wind generator integrated with a solar PV array (YS360M-72). The two systems will provide electricity for the two villages of 20 houses each (i.e. Al-Mosul and Al-Najaf), where the total daily load of each village is around 1220 KWh/d. Environmental impacts and economic factors of the proposed system is analyzed by using HOMER software. Environmental contamination is reduced by approximately 60% and 50% for the two proposed systems. As a result, the villages will be provided with 24/7 reliable electricity to meet their daily requirements.
A new species-level taxonomy forTrapelia(Trapeliaceae, Ostropomycetidae) with special reference to Great Britain and the Falkland Islands

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Trapelia is a small genus of worldwide distribution. Trapelia coarctata has long been regarded as a morphologically variable species and phylogenetic studies have suggested that it is non-monophyletic, or at least that species are frequently misidentified. The phylogenetic relationships of freshly-collected material of Trapelia were studied using ITS, mitochondrial SSU rDNA and to a small extent also beta-tubulin sequence data, together with chemical and morphological characters. Sequence data combined with morphology and chemistry confirm that the diversity of the genus at species-level has been underestimated. Trapelia coarctata is defined in a more restricted way and many specimens previously referable to this taxon are assigned to the reinstated species T. elacista , which differs in subtle morphological characters including a crack separating the thallus and apothecium in well-developed thalli. Trapelia involuta is reinstated as a separate, though closely related, species to T. glebulosa based on sequence data, morphology and chemistry, and is lectotypified. Trapelia collaris is a distinctive species described as new from Great Britain which has an extensive, cracked thallus with abruptly thickening marginal areoles arising on an inconspicuous prothallus, relatively small apothecia (rarely exceeding 300 µm diameter) and contains 5- O -methylhiascic acid as the major secondary substance. Trapelia obtegens is shown to include frequent non-sorediate morphs which have doubtless been misidentified as other species. The number of species of Trapelia considered to occur in Europe is thus raised from five to eight. The genus is newly reported for the Falkland Islands where seven species occur: T. coarctata , T. placodioides , T. sitiens sp. nov. (with a thin, extensive thallus, sessile apothecia, 5- O -methylhiascic acid as the major secondary substance and the presence of conidiomata), T. tristis sp. nov. (with relatively small apothecia up to 460 µm diameter, presence of gyrophoric acid as the major substance and an absence of conidiomata) and three unidentified species represented by very sparse material. All the species studied, with the possible exception of the three unidentified species, can usually be distinguished by morphological features, particularly the method of development of the thallus and the shape and distribution of the areoles, but morphological variation in response to microhabitat variation is likely to make a proportion of specimens difficult to assign to species in the absence of sequence data.
Notch Signaling Induces Multilineage Myeloid Differentiation and Up-Regulates PU.1 Expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Hemopoietic commitment is initiated by and depends on activation of transcription factors. However, it is unclear whether activation of lineage-affiliated transcription factors is extrinsically regulated by to date unknown agents or is the result of a cell autonomous program. Here we show that signaling by the Notch1 transmembrane receptor instructively induces myeloid differentiation of multipotent hemopoietic progenitor cells and concomitantly up-regulates the expression of the transcription factor PU.1. Transient activation of Notch1 signaling is sufficient to irreversibly reduce self-renewal of multipotent progenitor cells accompanied by increased and accelerated differentiation along the granulocyte, macrophage, and dendritic cell lineages. Activated Notch1 has no direct influence on apoptosis of multipotent progenitor cells, shows a weak inhibition of proliferation, and does not substitute for survival and proliferation signals provided by cytokines. Activated Notch1 directly increases PU.1 RNA levels, leading to a high concentration of PU.1 protein, which has been shown to direct myeloid differentiation. These findings identify Notch as an extrinsic regulator of myeloid commitment, and the lineage-affiliated transcription factor PU.1 as a specific direct target gene of Notch.
DETERMINATION OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS OF ASPERGILLUS ISOLATES IN PATIENTS WITH INVASIVE LUNG FUNGAL INFECTIONS AT BACH MAI HOSPITAL FROM JULY 2020 TO JUNE 2021

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: 1. Determination of the percentage of Aspergillus species isolated in patients with invasive lung fungal infections at Bach Mai Hospital from July 2020 to June 2021; 2. Determination of susceptibility to antifungal drugs of isolated pathogenic Aspergillus strains.. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study. 97 Aspergillus strains isolated from patients diagnosed with invasive lung fungal infections at Bach Mai Hospital from July 2020 to June 2021. Result: Aspergillus species isolated in patients with invasive lung fungal infections were mainly Aspergillus fumigatus (92.8%), and Aspergillus flavus (7.2%). The susceptibility rate to Asspergillus fumigatus of Voriconazole was 98.9%, Itraconazole was 100% and Posaconazole was 100%. The sensitivity rate of Itraconazole, Voriconazole and Posaconazole to Aspergillus flavus is 100%. The rate of resistance to Amphotericin B of Aspergillus fumigatus was 94.4%, of Aspergillus flavus was 85.1%. Conclusion: Aspergillus strains isolated in patients with invasive lung fungal infections at Bach Mai Hospital were frequently encountered with Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus. All strains of Aspergillus spp. Both are sensitive to Itraconazole and Posaconazole. Rate of resistance to Amphotericin B of Aspergillus spp. is very high. Keywords: Aspergillus spp., antifungal drug sensitivity
Landholding in Late Roman Egypt: The Distribution of Wealth

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

One of the most revealing aspects of any society is the distribution of wealth. In the ancient world, the stratification of landholdings essentially determined the stratification of wealth. There were, to be sure, many other kinds of wealth: funds and commodities for lending, urban rental property, productive enterprises, slaves, ships, and so on. To some extent these were no doubt owned by the same people who owned agricultural land, but the almost total absence of quantifiable data makes generalization difficult. Land, moreover, occupied a unique position in the economy and government of the Roman Empire, both practically and ideologically. The great bulk of taxation fell on the land, and almost all of the burdens of public service both in the cities and in the villages were attached to its ownership. That these disadvantages of land as a form of wealth were insufficient to deter the élite from desiring land is in some measure the result of the enormous ideological preference that all of classical antiquity attached to land as a form of wealth, an ideology connected in part to the relative stability of returns from landed property compared to those from other, more volatile, forms of wealth.
Urodynamic Outcomes in Children after Single and Multiple Injections for Overactive and Low Compliance Neurogenic Bladder Treated with Abobotulinum Toxin A

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intradetrusor abobotulinum toxin A improves cystometric capacity and maximum neurogenic detrusor overactivity in pediatric patients with neurogenic bladder. This effect is maintained over multiple injections. Compliance is significantly improved in patients with low compliance bladder vs overactive bladder.
How Does the Implementation of Merdeka Student Exchange Improve Student Competencies? Evaluation Based on The Goal Oriented Model

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Merdeka Student Exchange Program provides opportunities for students to take part in the learning process at other universities to strengthen and improve their competencies.In addition, through the Merdeka Student Exchange Program, students are expected to increase their national insight, love their country, and have an understanding of diversity and tolerance.This research aims to describe the goals and benefits of the Merdeka Student Exchange Program of Yogyakarta State University students and analyze the obstacles experienced.This research uses qualitative methods by collecting data through observation, interview, and documentation.The data analysis technique for this research uses the interactive model from Miles, Huberman, & Sadana.Based on the results of the discussion, it shows that the goals of the Merdeka Student Exchange Program were achieved: 1) Increasing national insight, integrity, solidarity, and national adhesive between students through intercultural learning, 2) Developing leadership and Adaptive soft skills to increase the value of unity and nationalism 3) Provide opportunities for students to get learning experiences at the recipient universities, and get credit recognition.4) Strengthen and enrich student competencies.The Merdeka Student Exchange Program also has problems in the implementation process, there are in socialization, facilities, course conversion, and financing.