jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
QUALITY OF LIFE, LEVEL OF ANXIETY AND SUICIDAL RISK IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS С AND LIVER CIRRHOSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim : to assess the quality of life, level of anxiety and suicidal risk in patients with chronic liver diseases. Material and methods. 220 people aged 16-84 took part in the study. The main group consisted of 100 patients suffering from chronic viral hepatitis C (CVHC). Other groups included 60 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 60 practically healthy people. The quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. To assess the level of anxiety, we used the scale developed by Zung in 1971. As an additional method of assessment of suicidal risk The Sad Persons Scale was used. Results . The parameters of 5 out of 8 scales of the SF-36 questionnaire in the patients with CVHC appeared to be statistically considerably lower in comparison with the parameters of quality of life in practically healthy people. The parameter of physical activity was lower and the parameter of social activity was higher in the patients with liver cirrhosis than in the patients with CVHC. The general level of anxiety in the patients with CVHC was low - 36.4 ± 0.53 points, in practically healthy people - 30.8 ± 0.85 (p < 0.01). The level of anxiety in the patients with liver cirrhosis was 45.0 ± 1.7 points, which corresponded to the average level of anxiety. The average value of suicidal risk (SR) in the control group was 1.76 ± 0.15 points. The average value of SR in the group of the patients with CVHC was 2.71 ± 0.11 points, which indicates a low level of SR. The average value of SR in the group of the patients with LC was 3.39 ± 0.09 points, which corresponded to the average level of SR. Conclusion. Patients with chronic liver diseases observe dramatically decreasing physical and social activity, emotional status, subjective assessment of emotional state, mood and, on the whole, general state of health. The average level of anxiety in the patients with liver cirrhosis corresponded to the average level of anxiety. The patients with liver cirrhosis revealed average level of suicidal risk, which was low in the patients with chronic viral hepatitis C.
Applications of composite flour in development of bakery products

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In India, bakery industry is considered as one of the major part of food processing industry.Generally baked products such as bread, biscuit, cookies, muffin, ruskare more popular because of their ready to eat, easily available and preferable good shelf life.Baked products are third most important components of staple diet.The main aim of incorporation of oat and soya flour with wheat flour is to satisfy the increasing demand of a healthy diet.Wheat flour is major ingredient in baked goods, it is also rich protein content.Soya flour have a dominant position due to presence of high quality proteins and balanced amino acid Soya rich in calcium, vitamins A, D, B, and C. Oat also a rich source of dietary fibre helps in digestion, phytochemicals, lipids.oatalso good source of vitamin E and pantothenic acid.Use of oat flour during preparation helps to improve the structure, taste, aroma and nutritive value of bakery products.The incorporation of such soya and oat flour with wheat flour at desired quantity susceptible of baking provides a healthy and nutritionally rich diet in breakfast.Multigrain addition of such flour can contribute health benefits such as healthy digestive system, potentially lower fat and highly nutritional.
Revision-Arthrodesis after Failed Total Wrist Arthroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives/Interrogation: Traumatic arthrosis, osteo arthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and other lesions at the region of the wrist may lead to severe pain, malposition, instability and malfunction of the wrist joint. Resections of parts of the destroyed joint, partial fusions and the wrist arthrodesis[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
Dimensional Model for Estimating Factors influencing Childhood Obesity: Path Analysis Based Modeling

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The main objective of this study is to identify and develop a comprehensive model which estimates and evaluates the overall relations among the factors that lead to weight gain in children by using structural equation modeling. The proposed models in this study explore the connection among the socioeconomic status of the family, parental feeding practice, and physical activity. Six structural models were tested to identify the direct and indirect relationship between the socioeconomic status and parental feeding practice general level of physical activity, and weight status of children. Finally, a comprehensive model was devised to show how these factors relate to each other as well as to the body mass index (BMI) of the children simultaneously. Concerning the methodology of the current study, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to reveal the hidden (secondary) effect of socioeconomic factors on feeding practice and ultimately on the weight status of the children and also to determine the degree of model fit. The comprehensive structural model tested in this study suggested that there are significant direct and indirect relationships among variables of interest. Moreover, the results suggest that parental feeding practice and physical activity are mediators in the structural model.
Investigating Quality Perceptions of International Services by Chinese Consumers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Consumers are known to use the country of origin (COO) of a product to infer the quality of products. Products of technologically advanced countries such as the United States and Germany are known to enjoy positive country-of-origin effects. Conversely, products made in the developing countries typically suffer from negative COO effect. While this influence of COO is widely recognized for products, the same cannot be said about services. Only a handful of studies have empirically investigated the relationship between COO and perceived service quality. Additionally, most of these studies in this research paradigm are undertaken in developed markets; hence, their findings cannot be extrapolated to the newly industrialized countries (NICs) that offer tremendous market potential for global services. It has, therefore, become imperative for multinational companies to understand if and how consumers in the major NICs use COO and other cues to infer service quality. This insight is critical in developing effective pricing and promotion strategies for these markets. Using data collected from consumers in Beijing in the People's Republic of China, we demonstrate significant COO effect on two service categories: hotels and restaurants. We also highlight how these research findings will help managerial decisions about pricing and promotion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Options for Improving Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Ruminants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Protein sources are high cost component of animal diet and efficiency of utilization of dietary protein in ruminants is about 5 to 30%. Ammonia emission from livestock is a serious environmental concern. Several complex models for predicting protein requirement have been introduced but predictability of response to dietary protein is still low. In this paper, an attempt has been made to review various scientific leads that can help in improving efficiency of protein utilization in ruminants including further researchable areas where clarity is lacking. In India, more efforts need to be made to estimate post-ruminal degradability of proteins, assess N recycling, estimate amino acid composition of protein sources and efficiency of utilization of absorbed amino acids. Extensive studies should also be undertaken on different functional groups of microbes especially hyper-ammonia producing bacteria and their interaction with fibre degrading bacteria using modern high throughput molecular biology tools and efforts need to be made to integrate molecular-based rumen microbial ecology with dietary conditions to allow us to better explain and, therefore, predict conditions that will improve N utilization efficiency. In the long run, development of efficient animals and plant breeding strategy for development of high sugar forages should also be considered. Hence, making use of available knowledge regarding different aspects of protein nutrition can significantly improve N utilization efficiency and reduce adverse impact on environment.
Space variant median filters for the restoration of impulse noise corrupted images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This brief proposes a generalized framework of median based switching schemes, called multi-state median (MSM) filter. By using a simple thresholding logic, the output of the MSM filter is adaptively switched among those of a group of center weighted median (CWM) filters that have different center weights. As a result, the MSM filter is equivalent to an adaptive CWM filter with a space varying center weight which is dependent on local signal statistics. The efficacy of the proposed filter has been evaluated by extensive simulations.
Low-Dose CT Image Denoising Using Parallel-Clone Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep neural networks have a great potential to improve image denoising in low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). Popular ways to increase the network capacity include adding more layers or repeating a modularized clone model in a sequence. In such sequential architectures, the noisy input image and end output image are commonly used only once in the training model, which however limits the overall learning performance. In this paper, we propose a parallel-clone neural network method that utilizes a modularized network model and exploits the benefit of parallel input, parallel-output loss, and clone-toclone feature transfer. The proposed model keeps a similar or less number of unknown network weights as compared to conventional models but can accelerate the learning process significantly. The method was evaluated using the Mayo LDCT dataset and compared with existing deep learning models. The results show that the use of parallel input, parallel-output loss, and clone-to-clone feature transfer all can contribute to an accelerated convergence of deep learning and lead to improved image quality in testing. The parallel-clone network has been demonstrated promising for LDCT image denoising.
Highly tunable frequency combs in pulse-modulated optically injected lasers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the remarkable tunability of the output spectrum of an Optically Injected Semiconductor Laser under an input signal, in the form of a periodic pulse train, modulating the current. Conditions for discrete output spectra, in the form of frequency combs, are determined. The characteristics of the output frequency combs in terms of the number, the distance and the amplitude of the spectral lines, are shown to be controlled by the parameters of the input periodic pulse signal, namely the pulse amplitude, duration and period, suggesting a multi-functional device for a variety of applications.
Epidemiology of cow’s milk allergy: has it changed?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our knowledge about the time trend of cow’s milk allergy prevalence is very limited, however there some indirect data favoring the increase of the cow’s milk allergy prevalence. There are several studies reporting that food allergy is increased among children of all ages, both gender and different races/ethnicities. Several national health surveys in USA recently indicated that food allergy prevalence and/or awareness has increased 18% (z=3.4; p<0.01) from 1997 through 2007. Another study from UK determined that hospital admissions for food allergy rosed from 5 to 26 per million in general population, this was particularly apparent in children where rates rose sevenfold from 16 to 107 per million. There are limited studies focusing on a specific food allergy prevalence. Several studies from UK and USA focusing on peanut showed that the prevalence of peanut allergy doubled in children. However another study searching the time trends of the food-induced anaphylaxis in the pediatric emergency department indicated that the number of visits was increased not only because of peanut–induced anaphylaxis but for multiple food allergens including cow’s milk. Another study from Australia determined four-fold increase of food allergy in 0-5 year-old children from 1995 to 2006. The common triggers of food allergy in Australian children were peanut, hen’s egg, cow’s milk and treenuts and the prevalence of food allergy was increased with time for each food including cow’s milk allergy. A final study from China investigating time trends in the prevalence of food allergy in 0-2 year-old infants from 1999 to 2009 determined that the prevalence of food allergy increased more than 2.2-fold between 1999 and 2009 and the prevalence of cow’s milk allergy increased from 1.6% to 3.5% over a decade. All the studies from different parts over the world support the opinion that the prevalence of food allergy roses and this rise covers the prevalence of the cow’s milk allergy especially in children.
TWO EXTRAGRADIENT APPROXIMATION METHODS FOR VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES AND FIXED POINT PROBLEMS OF STRICT PSEUDO-CONTRACTIONS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $\\{S_i\\}^N_{i=1}$ be $N$ strict pseudo-contractions defined on a nonempty closed\nconvex subset $C$ of a real Hilbert space $H$. Consider the problem of finding a\ncommon element of the set of common fixed points of these mappings $\\{S_i\\}^N_{i=1}$\nand the set of solutions of the variational inequality for a monotone Lipschitz\ncontinuous mapping of $C$ into $H$, and consider the parallel-extragradient and\ncyclic-extragradient algorithms for solving this problem. We will derive the weak\nconvergence of these algorithms. Moreover, these weak convergence results will be\napplied to finding a common zero point of a finite family of maximal monotone\nmappings. Further we prove that these algorithms can be modified to have strong\nconvergence by virtue of additional projections. Our results represent the\nimprovement, generalization and development of the previously known results in the\nliterature.
[Who has gallstones? Current epidemiologic studies].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Until a few years ago, our knowledge about the epidemiology of gall-stones was limited on account of the absence of diagnostic methods for investigation of extensive populations. Development of ultrasound scanning has had the result that, within the past six or seven years, a number of screening investigations for gall-stones in populations selected at random have been undertaken. These investigations reveal that the great majority of cases of gall-stones are undiagnosed. The prevalence increases with the age and is higher in women than in men. The latter observation is due to factors which are specific for women, mainly pregnancies but possibly also employment of hormones and the duration of the fertile period. Familial accumulation of gall-stone disease is also observed. Obesity, smoking and abstinence from alcohol appear also to be related to gall-stones while the significance of diet is still poorly elucidated. Gall-stones appear to be associated with both lipid and glucose metabolism. During the coming years, a series of incidence investigations may be anticipated and these will further increase our knowledge about risk factors for gall stones.
Surimi‐Starch Interactions Based on Mixture Design and Regression Models

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Interaction effects of starch mixtures within surimi gels were investigated by modified distance‐based design and analyzed by linear and nonlinear backward regression models. Nonlinear regression model showed highly significant interaction terms of starch‐surimi, starch‐water, and starchstarch. The response trace plot revealed that shear stress and shear strain were quite sensitive to changes in amounts of starch components. Optimum solution with combinations of various starches, surimi, and water was provided using linear and nonlinear programming.
Values for some serum analytes in high-risk infants, two days postpartum.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Using a continuous-flow (Technicon SMAC) analyzer, we measured the concentration of 20 analytes in capillary blood sera from 149 neonates in an intensive-care unit. Included were term and pre-term babies, both groups with and without asphyxia. The values obtained, especially for those enzymes and analytes that are related to renal function, offer baseline data against which the effect of therapeutic and physiological changes can be evaluated.
Possible role of3He impurities in solid4He

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We use a quantum lattice gas model to describe essential aspects of the motion of 4He atoms and of 3He impurities in solid 4He. This study suggests that 3He impurities bind to defects and promote 4He atoms to interstitial sites which can turn the bosonic quantum disordered crystal into a metastable supersolid. It is suggested that defects and interstitial atoms are produced during the solid 4He nucleation process where the role of 3He impurities (in addition to the cooling rate) is known to be important even at very small (1 ppm) impurity concentration. It is also proposed that such defects can form a glass phase during the 4He solid growth by rapid cooling.
Interventions for emergency contraception

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Emergency contraception (EC) is using a drug or copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) to prevent pregnancy shortly after unprotected intercourse. Several interventions are available for EC. Information on the comparative effectiveness, safety and convenience of these methods is crucial for reproductive healthcare providers and the women they serve. This is an update of a review previously published in 2009 and 2012.
Analysis of Crosstalk and Impedance Matching for 60 GHz Band Electro-Absorption Duplexer (EAD) Module

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We investigated RF characteristics of 60 GHz band electro-absorption duplexer (EAD) module. The EAD device was a monolithic integration of an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) and a photodiode (PD) with traveling wave electrodes. For the electrical crosstalk between an EAM and a PD on an EAD, the coupled transmission line model and 2-D FEM simulation were used, and the results were compared with the measured results. The impedance matching for the EAM was also studied, and about 3 GHz of the bandwidth of S 11 of less than -10 dB for the EAM near 60 GHz band was obtained
Long term follow-up after endovascular brachytherapy of femoro-popliteal arteries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To perform a long term follow-up after endovascular brachytherapy (EVBT) and balloon angioplasty (PTA) regarding vessel patency and diameter. EVBT had been successfully used to decrease restenosis in short term, but long term data are lacking. Participants of a randomized study comparing EVBT and balloon angioplasty alone were invited for follow-up examination ten years after intervention. Using a standardized protocol measurement of the patency and vessel diameter was performed of femoral and popliteal arteries. 44 patients were included, 21 had been treated with EVBT and 23 had received PTA alone. Target lesion patency was similar between the two groups (90.5% vs. 87.0%). Vessel diameter of the target lesion was significantly greater in the EVBT group (6.4 mm, range 3.9–9.9) compared to the controls (5.0 mm, range 3.1–7.4; p = 0.002). Ten years after EVBT of femoro-popliteal arteries vessel diameter is significantly increased whereas patency rate is not different compared to angioplasty alone.
Communication scholarship impact reality check: a comparison of SSCI journals’ research orientations and citation metrics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study examines 4,313 research articles published in 94 Social Science Citation Indexed (SSCI) communication journals in October 2020-September 2021 to determine the journals’ research orientations and compare how journal-level attributes affect the three major citation metrics: Journal Impact Factor (JIF), SCImago Journal Ranking (SJR), and H5-indexes. Quantitative orientation and technology-related focus are the two most important journal attribute predictors of JIF. Journals publishing both quantitative and qualitative research in balanced proportion have the highest citation metrics in SJR and H5-index but not JIF. Our study also documents the continuing dominance of English language journals and publishers in communication scholarship.
PERCEPTIONS OF FUZZY SET THEORY IN CONSTRUCTION RISK ANALYSIS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tOver the last three decades, organizations have increasingly been taking account of risk and uncertainty in their decision-making processes. The traditional methodology for risk management involves risk identification, risk analysis and management response to risk. Common risk analysis techniques in the construction industry include sensitivity analysis, probability analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, beta analysis etc. In this regard, Monte-Carlo simulation has been a touchstone of simulation efficiency across contemporary literature on risk analysis. However, a number of concerns have been raised about the intractability and construct validity of Monte Carlo representations for construction risks. The use of Monte Carlo simulation is based on the premise that the uncertain or risk event can be defined by a known probability distribution function. Unfortunately, this is not the case as far as risk is concerned in construction projects. It is in situations such as these where precise probability density functions cannot be ascribed to uncertain events that fuzzy set analysis becomes helpful. This research investigates the perceptions of fuzzy set theory and its influence on the practice of construction risk analysis. This work is part of a larger study that aims to investigate the specific insights that fuzzy set theory could bring into the construction risk analysis discipline. Purposive sampling was employed in selection of participants for the investigation. Structured interviews were conducted with highly experienced construction professionals in the United Kingdom. The results of these studies reveal that fuzzy set theory can enhance reasoning in analysing construction risks. However, fuzzy set theory as a stand-alone mathematical tool is not sufficient to complete the risk analysis process. Furthermore, the study indicates the vulnerability, volatility and computational intensiveness of fuzzy set theory may discourage construction practitioners from embracing the principles and applications of fuzzy set theory.\n\t\t\t\t