jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hydrogenolysis and Hydrocracking of the Carbon-Oxygen Bond. 5. Hydrogenolysis of 4-Propylguaiacol by Sulfided CoO-MoO3/γ-Al2O3

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Effects des conditions de reaction sur l'hydrogenolyse de ce compose modele de la lignine a la fois pur et en presence d'un solvant donneur d'hydrogene (tetraline)
Composted Municipal Green Waste Enhances Tree Success in Opencast Coal Land Reclamation in Wales

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The United Kingdom has a problem in the disposal of municipal green waste (MGW). This is unsuitable for landfill, but when properly composted may be beneficial to tree growth. A formal controlled trial of the 11-year growth (height, diameter at breast height [DBH]) and survival of 3 tree species was evaluated on degraded former opencast coal land on the margins of UNESCO’s Blaenavon Industrial Landscape World Heritage site in South East Wales. Forest reclamation is considered a viable cost-effective approach to reclamation but success may be compromised by infertile and seriously compacted substrates, the depleted bio-geoecological system, and a lack of funding. In this trial, trees were (or were not) supplied, on planting, with 0.75 kg per stem of composted MGW – here a mixture of 40% domestic food waste and 60% garden waste. Results show that the application of MGW made no significant difference to either tree height or DBH. Survival rates were highest for Common Alder ( Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) followed by Silver Birch ( Betula pendula, Roth) and European Larch ( Larix decidua Mill.). However, Silver Birch and Larch treated with MGW compost had significantly greater survival rates, whereas Alder had significantly lower survival rates, compared with trees planted without MGW treatment.
Compressed sensing reconstruction of statistical parameter map for functional diffuse optical tomography

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive imaging modality to measure functional brain activities. Many researches have investigated diffuse optical tomography (DOT) to overcome the limitation of lack of depth information in fNIRS topographic approach. In this paper, we proposes a novel compressed sensing approach, especially using a 2-thresholding algorithm, that directly reconstructs statistical parameter maps by exploiting spatio-temporal sparsity of neural activation. The final reconstruction algorithm has very intuitive form which is similar to conventional fDOT with SPM analysis. However, the main advantage of the new algorithm is that the unknown weighting components in inversion kernel are iteratively updated for more accurate reconstruction which significantly improves the reconstruction performance. Experimental results demonstrated that the localization error using the proposed method is competitive with that of fMRI.
Test and measurement system for a microthruster system of a nanosatellite

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Miniaturized satellites which are fitted with microthrusters are gaining in popularity over the past few years. This is because of their simplified designs, small sizes and low weights that effectively reduce their production cost and increase their reliabilities. In order for those satellites to perform complex missions that require precise maneuverability, there is a need to develop a measurement system to measure the performance of the microthrusters. In this report, a torsional thrust stand with a magnetic damping system is designed and calibrated using an electrostatic calibrator. The calibration results showed that the thrust stand is able to measure thrust levels between 46.7μN and 892.71μN with a resolution of 4.67μN and an accuracy of 10% and below. Vaporising Liquid Microthruster, which is developed under the Undergraduate Satellite Programme in Nanyang Technological University, is used in the testing of this thrust stand. Although the thrusts of the microthruster lie outside the accurate measuring range of the thrust stand, they were obtained through extrapolation of the calibration curve and its specific impulse and thrust to weight ratio were found to be 5.64s and 0.0461 respectively. In addition, a levelling system with a 2% settling time of 49s is developed in attempt to keep the thrust stand perfectly horizontal during thrust measurements. A PID controller is used in the levelling feedback control loop to provide the desired control actions in the system. In order to further validate the thrust stand’s accuracy, future research such as using the torsional thrust stand to measure a known thrust from a known microthruster in both atmospheric and vacuum conditions can be carried out.
Renal Responses to Low-flow Desflurane, Sevoflurane, and Propofol in Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The contributing factors that result in significant, postoperative proteinuria and glucosuria after low-flow isoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia are unknown. The present study compared renal responses after anesthesia with desflurane (negligible metabolism), sevoflurane, or intravenous propofol. Methods Informed consent was obtained from 52 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III (aged 36-81 yr). Patients with diabetes or renal insufficiency were excluded. Desflurane (n = 20) or sevoflurane (n = 22), without nitrous oxide, was given at 1 l/min fresh gas flow for elective surgical procedures lasting more than 2 h; 10 patients received propofol without nitrous oxide as the primary anesthetic. Blood and urine chemistries were obtained before surgery. Blood and 24-h urine collections were obtained for 3 days after surgery and were analyzed for liver and renal indices. Results Length of surgery averaged approximately 300 min (range, 136-750 min), minimum alveolar concentration-hour averaged 4.3 (range, 1.2-11.0), and infusion rates of propofol were 99-168 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1). Plasma creatinine concentration did not change, plasma blood urea nitrogen decreased significantly, and significant increases in urine glucose, protein, and albumin occurred similarly in all groups. Mean (+/- SD) postoperative urine glucose values for day 1 after desflurane, sevoflurane, and propofol were 1.4 +/- 3.0, 1.1 +/- 2.1, and 1.9 +/- 2.6 g/d (normal, < 0.5 g/d). The average daily protein/creatinine ratios for postoperative days 2-3 after desflurane, sevoflurane, and propofol were 240 +/- 187, 272 +/- 234, and 344 +/- 243 (normal, < 150 mg/g). Regardless of anesthetic, there were significantly greater urine protein concentrations after surgical procedures in central versus peripheral regions. Conclusions Alterations in postoperative renal function were common and unrelated to the choice of anesthetic. These findings implicate nonanesthetic factors in producing changes in biochemical indices of renal excretory function.
Calorimetric evidence for the existence of an intermediate phase between the ferroelectric nematic phase and the nematic phase in the liquid crystal RM734

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The idea that rodlike molecules possessing an electric dipole moment could exhibit a ferroelectric nematic phase was suggested more than a century ago. However, only recently such a phase has been reported for two quite different liquid crystals: RM734 [4-[(4-nitrophenoxy)carbonyl)]phenyl 2,4-dimethoxybenzoate] and DIO [2.3',4',5'-tetrafluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl 2.6-difluoro-4-(5-propyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl) benzoate]. For RM734 a direct ferroelectric nematic (N_{F}) to classical nematic N transition was reported, whereas for DIO an intermediate phase N_{x} was discovered between the N_{F} and the N phases. Here we present high-resolution calorimetric evidence that an intermediate N_{x} phase also exists in RM734 along a narrow temperature range between the N_{F} and the N phases.
Centralization or Decentralization? The Effect of Cost Learning on Procurement Strategy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the effect of cost learning on the manufacturer's procurement strategy in the presence of multiple local divisions and market competition, and the strategy preferences of stakeholders, such as the supplier. Firms are often confronted with a critical procurement decision: centralization versus decentralization. For this paper, we incorporate the learning effect into this crucial strategy and demonstrate its ubiquity and significant practical implications in today's technological environment. We develop a two-period model with an upstream supplier and a downstream manufacturer with multiple divisions and examine the equilibrium outcomes under the two procurement methods. The results show that, due to the cost learning effect, the manufacturer might switch his choice from centralized procurement to decentralized one; and the manufacturer may switch back to centralized one when the rate of product substitution is small. However, the preferences of the supplier, channel, and consumers may shift from decentralized procurement to a centralized one. When the product homogenization between local divisions becomes large enough and as the learning rate increases, the manufacturer shifts its optimal procurement strategy from centralization to decentralization. However, the supplier, channel, and consumers are always better off under decentralized procurement. When the learning rate is large, the preferences of the supplier and the manufacturer achieve consistency and a win-win relationship benefiting the channel and consumers. This paper is the first to take the upstream learning effect into account in the firms’ optimal purchasing strategy and advise managers of group corporations consisting of multiple local sales divisions with business expansion needs. Our findings suggest that the effect of cost learning has a critical impact on firms’ purchasing preferences, the profitability of both parties, and consumer surplus.
Critical Connections: Multilingual Digital Storytelling Project

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Stories have inspired humanity for generations. Few other funds of human experience have unfolded similar powers in connecting people across time, space, generations and cultures. The renewed interest in storytelling points to its educational potential and the continued impact on people’s lives and learning. This handbook invites educators to explore the possibilities of multilingual digital storytelling. It draws on the experience of a collaborative project, founded by the Paul Hamlyn Foundation, which brought together colleagues from Goldsmiths, University of London and teachers, students and parents from sixteen schools in four countries. Their journey of digital story making in all its complexity and variability has led the foundation for this book. It provides precious insights into students’ learning and offers useful practical guidance for educators who wish to follow this route. Enjoy the fruits of multilingual digital storytelling presented in this book and discover how learning was stimulated in so many facets and layers. Meeting the spirit of the 21st century, the project succeeded in engaging students and their interest in digital technology. But far beyond the fashion of the day, for many of them it also became a life changing experience. It has been eye-opening to witness how imagining and creating stories, with others or individually, helped students to find pleasure in learning languages, to feel more confident about their own multiple linguistic and cultural identities and to share freely their experience laid open to the eyes and ears of a critical public. This is maybe the most outstanding achievement of the project to have unlocked in students a hidden potential which multilingual digital storytelling was able to bring to shine. I am very grateful to have been involved in this project and cherish the experience and inspiration it has brought me. I am thankful to colleagues and teachers whose relentless work and effort I admire. Without their commitment multilingual digital storytelling would neither have been as meaningful nor as empowering for the students. Gabriele Budach
Fibroblast growth factor 10 ameliorates neurodegeneration in mouse and cellular models of Alzheimer's disease via reducing tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal apoptosis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized with senile plaques formed by Aβ deposition, and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, which ultimately lead to cognitive impairment. Despite the heavy economic and life burdens faced by the patients with AD, effective treatments are still lacking. Previous studies have reported the neuroprotective effects of FGF10 in CNS diseases, but its role in AD remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that FGF10 levels were reduced in the serum of AD patients, as well as in the brains of 3xTg‐AD mice and APPswe‐transfected HT22 cells, suggesting a close relationship between FGF10 and AD. Further investigations revealed that intranasal delivery of FGF10 improved cognitive functions in 3xTg‐AD mice. Additionally, FGF10 treatment reduced tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal apoptosis, thereby mitigating neuronal cell damage and synaptic deficits in the cortex and hippocampus of 3xTg‐AD mice, as well as APPswe‐transfected HT22 cells. Furthermore, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of FGF10 gene delivery for treating AD symptoms and pathologies. Tail vein delivery of the FGF10 gene using AAV9 improved cognitive and neuronal functions in 3xTg‐AD mice. Similarly, endogenous FGF10 overexpression ameliorated tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal apoptosis in the cortex and hippocampus of 3xTg‐AD mice. Importantly, we confirmed that the FGFR2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was activated following intranasal FGF10 delivery and AAV9‐mediated FGF10 gene delivery in 3xTg‐AD mice and APPswe‐transfected HT22 cells. Knockdown of FGFR2 attenuated the protective effect of FGF10. Collectively, these findings suggest that intranasal delivery of FGF10 and AAV9‐mediated FGF10 gene delivery could be a promising disease‐modifying therapy for AD.
“Breathe Less, and Farther Off”: The Hazardous Proximity of Other Bodies in Jonson’s The Alchemist

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay contextualizes Ben Jonson’s The Alchemist in relation to the social controversy generated by London’s rich runaways in the first decade of the seventeenth century. Reading the surviving playtext as a record of a site-specific performance at London’s Blackfriars playhouse in November 1610, I argue that the notable presence of the Blackfriars’ stage-sitters is a crucial dimension of Jonson’s dramaturgy, one previously unconsidered in scholarship on the play. Occupying a contradictory play space that is informed by contemporary theories positing a material connection between playgoing and the threat of plague exposure, on the one hand, and the emergent public awareness of plague mortality as a class-based phenomenon, on the other, The Alchemist ironically stages the hazardous proximity of other bodies as a provocation to its socially privileged audiences, especially those seated onstage at the Blackfriars playhouse in November 1610.
Screening of Indigenous Yeast From Different Ecological Region of Kathmandu Valley and Its Application in Wine Production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objectives: The aim of the study was to isolate and screen the potent yeast from the air for implementing new yeast in wine fermentation. Methods: In this study, 35 air samples collected in sterile grape juice in glass jar and left over for four days exposure for the growth of yeast from different locations around the Kathmandu Valley. Yeasts were screened by culturing on selective Ethanol Sulfite Agar (ESA) media at 30°C for 2-3 days in Microbiology Lab of Pinnacle College. Yeast isolates were characterized based on colony morphology, microscopic characteristics, Fermentative capacity, Hydrogen sulfide production. Selected yeast isolates were subjected to ethanol fermentation and tested for alcohol tolerance capacity. Wine quality was assessed by sensory evaluation. Results: Of 35 samples, only 20 yeast isolates were isolated. Among these isolates, the variation in colony characteristics along with oval and ellipsoidal microscopic appearance was observed. All the isolates were able to ferment major sugars such as glucose, fructose and sucrose, but few could not ferment galactose and maltose, while none-fermented lactose and xylose. Here, isolates showing no H2S (L29, L34) and mild H2S producer (isolate L31) were subjected to ethanol fermentation. Also, Comparative analysis was made by using commercial standard wine yeast (STAN). Rapid fermentation of grape juice with initial 21 0Brix was observed in L31 isolate, which produced 12.99% v/v alcohol with titratable acidity (TA) 5.25 g/L, followed by L29 strain with 11.99%v/v alcohol and 4.5 g/L TA which were higher than STAN (10.99% alcohol). These isolates specified as Ethanol tolerance up to 13%v/v, while none of them were able to grow at 15% v/v ethanol concentration and 45°C temperature. However, significant growth was observed at pH 3 along with sugar tolerance capacity at 30 0Brix. The wine produced by these isolates was found to be remarkably different among each other. While the sensory analysis of wine led to isolate L31 being congenial to tasters. Conclusion: L31 isolate was found to be efficient and advantageous for wine production indicating its industrial application.
Understanding the entrepreneurial intentions of youth: a PLS multi-group and FIMIX analysis using the model of goal-directed behavior

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to test the model of goal-directed behavior (MGB) in the prediction of entrepreneurial intentions of high school students. It also uncovers heterogeneity and differences in structural paths. The study aims to expand the toolbox of theoretical models that are useful to interpret entrepreneurial intentions by including the MGB. The MGB explains the role of desires, anticipated emotions and frequency of past behavior (FPB). These aspects are underplayed in other models. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for a study using PLS path modeling. The authors applied questionnaires to 643 students (260 boys and 383 girls) from 34 high school institutions of a large metropolitan city in a developing country. Data analysis used a multi-group analysis and a finite mixture (FIMIX) approach. Findings The paper provides empirical insights about the antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions and confirms the role that desires and FPB have in their development. MGA results suggest that PBC relevance depends on gender, and emotions vary with socio economic level (SEL). Research limitations/implications Research results are limited to high school students. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further with university students and the general population in other developing and developed countries. Practical implications The paper includes implications for teaching curriculum and government policy in entrepreneurship. The results encourage the study of entrepreneurship from a young age and the importance of teaching how to overcome negative emotions in the entrepreneurial process. Originality/value This paper satisfies a recognized need to evaluate competing models that explain entrepreneurial intentions. The grouping analysis uncovers opportunities to develop innovative education and training strategies.
The analysis of gestural and verbal pragmatic markers produced by Mild Cognitive Impaired participants during longitudinal and autobiographical interviews

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Our general findings indicate that with ageing, verbal pragmatic markers acquire an interactive function that allows people with MCI to maintain intersubjective relationships with their interlocutor. Furthermore, at the non-verbal level, gestural manifestations are increasingly used over time with a preference for non-verbal pragmatic markers with a referential function and an adaptive function. We aim to show the benefits of linguistic and interactional scientific investigation methods through cognitive impaired ageing for clinicians and family caregivers.
Profiling Chromatin Accessibility at Single-Cell Resolution

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract How distinct transcriptional programs are enacted to generate cellular heterogeneity and plasticity, and enable complex fate decisions are important open questions. One key regulator is the cell’s epigenome state that drives distinct transcriptional programs by regulating chromatin accessibility. Genome-wide chromatin accessibility measurements can impart insights into regulatory sequences (in)accessible to DNA-binding proteins at a single-cell resolution. This review outlines molecular methods and bioinformatic tools for capturing cell-to-cell chromatin variation using single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (scATAC-seq) in a scalable fashion. It also covers joint profiling of chromatin with transcriptome/proteome measurements, computational strategies to integrate multi-omic measurements, and predictive bioinformatic tools to infer chromatin accessibility from single-cell transcriptomic datasets. Methodological refinements that increase power for cell discovery through robust chromatin coverage and integrate measurements from multiple modalities will further expand our understanding of gene regulation during homeostasis and disease.
Comparison of EMIT and FPIA in monitoring cyclosporin A in whole blood

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To compare the difference of enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique(EMIT) and fluorescence polarization immunoassay(FPIA) in monitoring cyclosporine A(CsA) levels in whole blood.METHODS Recoveries and precisions of EMIT and FPIA were calculated by determining the different levels of CsA standard controls respectively.Samples of between-ward monitoring from Clinet and 99 samples from patients were determined by EMIT and FPIA respectively.Analyze the correlation of two methods.RESULTS The relative recoveries of the EMIT and FPIA were between the range of 93.74%-105.73% and 99.84%-102.26%,respectively.The RSD of EMIT and FPIA were all less than 10%,the requirement for biological sample determination in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The correlation of EMIT and FPIA was good and the regression equation was y=1.122 1x+1.783 7,r=0.987,The EMIT gave significantly lower values than FPIA.CONCLUSION There was significant difference between the results of two methods,and we should pay attention to the difference of CsA monitoring by EMIT and FPIA.
Aminoacetone oxidase from goat liver. Formation of methylglyoxal from aminoacetone.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An enzyme which oxidizes aminoacetone to methylglyoxal has been purified from the particulate fraction of goat liver. Polyamines, such as spermidine and spermine, are also good substrates for this enzyme. The pH optimum for aminoacetone oxidation was found to be 8.2. The apparent Km values of the enzyme for aminoacetone and spermidine were 0.009 and 0.095 mM, respectively. The subunit molecular weight of the enzyme was 93,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The apparent molecular weight of the native enzyme was 186,000 by gel filtration. The enzyme is highly sensitive to carbonyl group reagents. The enzyme is not inhibited by monoamine and diamine oxidase inhibitors.