jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of Dynamical Downscaling Seasonal Precipitation Forecasts to Convection and Land Surface Parameterization in a High-Resolution Regional Climate Model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Both convection and land surface parameterization influence seasonal precipitation forecasts. In this study, the sensitivity of dynamical downscaling seasonal precipitation forecasts to convection and land surface parameterization was investigated by nesting the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model into the NCEP’s Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) retrospective forecasts with four convective schemes: Kain–Fritsch (KF), Betts–Miller–Janjic (BMJ), Grell–Freitas (GF), and new simplified Arakawa–Schubert (NSAS) schemes, and two land surface schemes: Noah and simplified Simple Biosphere (SSiB) schemes over the Han River basin. The CFSv2 model biases are reduced when the KF convective scheme is used in the wet summer season. However, negative biases still exist especially when the combination of BMJ and SSiB schemes is used. Compared with CFSv2 reforecasts and other combinations of schemes, the forecast skills of spatial patterns of precipitation anomalies are highest when the combination of KF and Noah schemes is used in summer. In contrast, the combination of BMJ and SSiB schemes shows lowest forecast skills in summer. To understand the causes of the differences in precipitation forecasts using different parameterization schemes, the simulated moisture flux convergence, thermodynamic parameters at different pressure levels, convective available potential energy (CAPE), convective inhibition (CIN), and heat fluxes are compared with the data in the ERA-5 reanalysis dataset. The WRF model-simulated moisture flux convergence is closer to that of the ERA-5 reanalysis compared with that of the CFSv2 reforecasts in summer. The vertical thermodynamic profiles also suggest that the combination of the KF and Noah schemes has caused a more unstable atmosphere, which is crucial for precipitation. In contrast, the combination of BMJ and SSiB schemes shows a less unstable atmospheric environment in summer, which explains the lower forecast skills compared with other schemes. The spatial patterns of CAPE are also improved when using the WRF model, which further enhances the precipitation forecast skills over the Han River basin.
Manipulator system performance measurement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Free-flying teleoperator technology for satellite servicing is reported. The rationale for a series of manipulator system tests is presented. Data are reported on movement time in a fine positioning task using two different manipulator systems. The movement time data showed reliable effects of movement direction and index of difficulty. These data were considered to be baseline performance measures for the manipulator system used and modifications to the control and visual systems were suggested for future testing.
Quantum light manipulation: a path towards efficient pure room-temperature single photon sources

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Quantum light and in particular single photons have become essential resources for a growing number of quantum applications including quantum computing, quantum key distribution and quantum metrology. Solid-state atomlike systems such as semiconductor quantum dots and color defects in crystals have become the hallmark of highly pure single photon emitters in the past two decades. A particular interest has been developed in nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) and color centers in diamond as potential compact room-temperature emitters. There are however several challenges that inhibit the use of such sources in current technologies including low photon extraction efficiency, low emission rates and relatively low single photon purities. In this work we will review our efforts in overcoming these technical difficulties using several complementary methods including designing several nanoantenna devices that enhance the directionality and emission rate of the nanoemitter. In addition, we developed several temporal heralding techniques to overcome the hurdle of low single photon purity in NQDs in an effort to produce a highly pure, bright and efficient single photon source on-chip.
New methods and advances of high-resolution spectroscopy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

УСПЕХИ ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ НАУКФИЗИКА НАШИХ ДНЕЙ 535.8^3.4НОВЫЕ ПРИЕМЫ И ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ СПЕКТРОСКОПИИ ВЫСОКОЙ РАЗРЕШАЮЩЕЙ СИЛЫ И. Л. Фабелинский, И. Л. Чистый СОДЕРЖАНИЕ 1. Введение 487 2. Основные характеристики плоского эталона Фабри -Перо 490 3. Интерферометр Фабри -Перо со сферическими зеркалами 492 4. Тандем-, или компаунд-и многопроходный интерферометр Фабри -Перо 495 5. Двухпроходный интерферометр Фабри -Перо со сферическими зеркалами 497 6. Установка и поддержание параллельности зеркал в плоском многопроходном интерферометре Фабри -Перо 499 а) Автоматическое поддержание параллельности зеркал (499).(б) Трипльпризма (501).7. Методика применения йодного светофильтра 502 а) Приготовление йодной ячейки и выбор ее параметров (503).б) Стабилизация частоты Аг + -лазера по линии поглощения иода.Описание действующей установки (504).S. Некоторые результаты исследования спектров молекулярного рассеяния света с применением многопроходного или тандем-интерферометра Фабри -Перо 507 а) Исследования спектров рассеянного света при фазовых переходах в несовершенных кристаллах (507).б) Исследование спектров рассеянного света в непрозрачных кристаллах и металлах.Рассеяние света на акустических магнонах (511).в
Amplitude and Phase Characterization of 5.0 fs Optical Pulses Using Spectral Phase Interferometry for Direct Electric-Field Reconstruction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The amplitude and phase of 5.0 fs optical pulses with an ultrabroad bandwidth from 480 to 835 nm were rapidly characterized by the spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER) technique. To our knowledge, this is the shortest pulse ever measured by the SPIDER technique. To solve the problems of dispersion, bandwidth, sensitivity and wavelength resolution, which are essential for few-optical-cycle pulse characterization, we developed a SPIDER apparatus equipped with ultrabroad-band (450–850 nm) beam splitters, a thin (25 µm) β-BaB 2 O 4 crystal, a 0.5 m spectrometer capable of the automatic and fast control of two gratings (1200 and 150 lines/mm) and a highly sensitive intensified charge-coupled device.
Successful cage design for intermediate culture of trochus for restocking

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new design for reef-based cages for the intermediate monoculture of juvenile trochus, using an aluminium frame and plastic mesh, was tested at two locations in Western Australia. The design proved to be much improved from previous cage types, providing high survivorship and no escape of juveniles. The robust cages are inexpensive, easy to construct and allow hatchery-produced juveniles as small as 12 mm to be advanced to sub-adult size for restocking. latter work, deficiencies in cage materials allowed entry of predators and escapement of juveniles. In the present study, a new, robust cage design was developed to minimise mortality and escape of trochus, while allowing high numbers of juveniles to reach sub-adult size. Repeated monitoring of caged juveniles in trials, conducted at two sites for up to 10 months, suggests that this design is optimal for monoculture of trochus for restocking.
Artificial Neural Networks Model for Predicting the Strength of FRP-Contained Concrete

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Numerous studies have demonstrated that FRP (Fibre-reinforced Polymer) can significantly increase the strength of concrete columns. Numerous mathematical equations and manual methods are available for predicting the strength of concrete columns composed of FRP, all of which are time-consuming tasks. This present study develops a novel computerized method for determining the axial strain and axial strength of FRP (Fibre-reinforced Polymer)-confined concrete columns utilizing real-time experimental data and artificial neural networks (ANNs). In order to increase prediction accuracy, an ANN model is trained and evaluated using experimental data collected in real-time. Additionally, advanced pre-processing techniques are applied in this study to minimize noise and enhance the prediction accuracy of the suggested ANN model. To demonstrate the efficacy of this proposed strategy, this model is trained and verified using the data set. The experimental outcomes from training and validation have been compared to recent methods. It is evident from the comparison results that the proposed method has reduced MAE, RSME and regression values.
Pocket Protein-Independent Repression of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 Gene Expression by E2F1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Expression of genes of the plasminogen activator (PA) system declines at the G(0)/G(1)-S-phase boundary of the cell cycle. We found that overexpression of E2F1-3, which acts mainly in late G(1), inhibits promoter activity and endogenous expression of the urokinase-type PA (uPA) and PA inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) genes. This effect is dose dependent and conserved in evolution. Mutation analysis indicated that both the DNA-binding and transactivation domains of E2F1 are necessary for this regulation. Interestingly, an E2F1 mutant lacking the pRB-binding region strongly repressed the uPA and PAI-1 promoters. An E2F-mediated negative effect was also observed in pRB and p107/p130 knockout cell lines. This is the first report that E2F can act as a repressor independently of pocket proteins. Mutation of AP-1 elements in the uPA promoter abrogated E2F-mediated transcriptional inhibition, suggesting the involvement of AP-1 in this regulation. Results shown here identify E2F as an important component of transcriptional control of the PA system and thus provide new insights into mechanisms of cellular proliferation.
Restructuring the Kankor Examination Format; A Feasible Solution for the Existing Issues with the Current Kankor Examination in Afghanistan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Kankor is a national university entrance examination in Afghanistan. All students from across Afghanistan at the end of their secondary school in case of wishing to enter public universities, free of cost, are required to take the Kankor examination. Every year on average 200,000 students from 34 provinces of Afghanistan attend the Kankor examination between February and April. In Afghanistan, Kankor examination is the only way through which Ministry of Higher Education, the responsible entity for administering Kankor examination, can evaluate secondary school graduates to determine whether they are capable to undertake undergraduate courses at higher education institutions. The findings of this paper demonstrate that the current Kankor examination system does not help university entrants obtain admission in their desired disciplines. Moreover, the findings echo that not considering students’ interests in giving admission to higher education institutions leads to many other challenges for students once they enter universities such as (a) lack of preparation for the admitted major, (b) increasing dropouts, and (c) low academic performance. Hence, the current study aims to discover the existing issues with the current Kankor examination in Afghanistan and propose a new Kankor examination model for Afghanistan’s Ministry of Higher Education.
Multiple Necrotizing Fasciitis: Its Etiology and Histopathological Features

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings from a case of multiple necrotizing fasciitis were reported. The eruptions were found on the face, and the upper and lower extremities. Repeated debridement and radical surgical excision were combined with antibiotics. We believe that only early recognition and radical surgical treatment improve the prognosis of this disease.
Principal Problems of Relativistic Mechanics of Solids

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The article deals with a discussion of fundamental problems arising in relativistic mechanics (general relativity) in relation to the determination of stresses generated by gravity in a deformable solid. Three such problems are considered. The first one is associated with the incompleteness of Einstein’s system of equations that includes six mutually independent equations with ten unknown coefficients of the metric tensor. The second one arises when determining the stresses in a solid generated by gravity. For a static problem, three equations of the law of conservation of theory (equilibrium equations) include six unknown stresses, which, unlike Newton’s theory, does not allow determining gravitational stresses. The third problem is related to the reduction of linearized Einstein equations to the equations of Newton’s gravitational theory. Such a reduction turns out to be possible only for empty space and is not valid for a solid body. The noted contradictions can be eliminated by limiting the scope of the theory to a special space, which is Euclidean with respect to spatial coordinates and Riemannian only with respect to time. The discussion is illustrated by a spherically symmetric problem that reduces to ordinary differential equations.
Maps of Quadrangle 3564, Chahriaq (Joand) (405) and Gurziwan (406) Quadrangles, Afghanistan

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

By selecting one of the four series options shown below, namely, -A, -B, -C, and -D for the geologic, topographic, Landsat natural-color, and Landsat false-color maps, respectively, the user will be taken to that map.
Spatial Additivity of Surround Effects in Achromatic Pattern Perception.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

It is well known that perceived color is not determined by the photometric values alone but instead depends on the surround pattern and the adaptation condition of the eye. It is important that we know how color in complex patterns appears because the scenes we usually see are complicated. In this study, we estimated the surround effect for the appearance of achromatic colors with two and four surrounds using a new matching method that gives us the equivalent luminance of the simple uniform surround. The magnitude of the surround effects of plural stimuli can be qualitatively described by the equivalent luminance. The results show that the average luminance of surround stimuli cannot explain the total surround effects of plural stimuli, and that the spatial additivity of surround effects depends on the stimulus conditions. In addition, some characteristics of the surround effects differ between conditions with a gap and conditions without a gap. The spatial additivity of the surround effects in the present study can be expressed by the summation of the luminance values of each surround weighted by a function of the luminance of the central patch.
[Hodgkin lymphoma with lymphoid predominance: differential diagnosis of nodular lymphoid predominance and classical variant].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A topical problem of differential diagnosis of nodular lymphoid predominance of Hodgkin's lymphoma and classical variant rich in lymphocytes is discussed. Main morphological diagnostic criteria are considered on the basis of the authors' observations and literature data. Immunological characteristics of two variants of Hodgkin's lymphoma with lymphoid predominance are reviewed.
FAITH: Frequency-domain Attention In Two Horizons for Time Series Forecasting

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Time Series Forecasting plays a crucial role in various fields such as industrial equipment maintenance, meteorology, energy consumption, traffic flow and financial investment. However, despite their considerable advantages over traditional statistical approaches, current deep learning-based predictive models often exhibit a significant deviation between their forecasting outcomes and the ground truth. This discrepancy is largely due to an insufficient emphasis on extracting the sequence's latent information, particularly its global information within the frequency domain and the relationship between different variables. To address this issue, we propose a novel model Frequency-domain Attention In Two Horizons, which decomposes time series into trend and seasonal components using a multi-scale sequence adaptive decomposition and fusion architecture, and processes them separately. FAITH utilizes Frequency Channel feature Extraction Module and Frequency Temporal feature Extraction Module to capture inter-channel relationships and temporal global information in the sequence, significantly improving its ability to handle long-term dependencies and complex patterns. Furthermore, FAITH achieves theoretically linear complexity by modifying the time-frequency domain transformation method, effectively reducing computational costs. Extensive experiments on 6 benchmarks for long-term forecasting and 3 benchmarks for short-term forecasting demonstrate that FAITH outperforms existing models in many fields, such as electricity, weather and traffic, proving its effectiveness and superiority both in long-term and short-term time series forecasting tasks. Our codes and data are available at https://github.com/LRQ577/FAITH.
RETRACTED: Detection of TSH, FT3, FT4, and TRAb in ovarian cancer with highly sensitive electrochemical immunoassay

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To investigate the correlation between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb), and pathological parameters of ovarian cancer, we selected 122 patients with ovarian cancer and 70 patients with benign ovarian tumor. The differences in the positive rates of different pathological parameters, including TSH, FT3, FT4, and TRAb, in their serum were detected and compared through highly sensitive electrochemical immunoassay. We found that the positive rates of TSH, FT3, FT4, and TRAb in serous cystadenocarcinoma were higher than those of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and other types of ovarian cancer. Meanwhile, the positive rates of FT3 and FT4 in stage III and IV ovarian cancer were lower than those in stage I and II ovarian cancer. However, the positive rates of FT3 and FT4 in poorly differentiated ovarian cancer were higher than those in moderately differentiated and well-differentiated ovarian cancer. The serum levels of TSH, FT3, FT4, and TRAb preoperatively, postoperatively, and after four cycles of ovarian cancer were significantly different from those in the control group. Thus, we conclude that TSH, FT3, FT4, and TRAb were abnormally expressed in the serum of ovarian cancer patients. And the application of highly sensitive electrochemical immunoassay for the detection of TSH, FT3, FT4, and TRAb in serum has important clinical value in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Change of absolute neutrophil count after intravenous immunoglobulin administration for the children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose : Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is effective for the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children. Recently, several reports have been published that show its impact on the absolute neutrophil count. The present study was performed to confirm these findings. Methods : Data on 26 ITP patients were analyzed. Patients with febrile illness or increased C-reactive protein levels at presentation, which would influence the neutrophil counts, were excluded to determine the sole impact of IVIG. In addition, patients who received steroid treatment were also excluded. Results : Sixteen boys and ten girls were analyzed. For patients who received an IVIG dose of 0.4 g/kg/day (n=17), the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) measured next day was significantly decreased. For patients who received an IVIG dose of 1 g/kg/day (n=9), the ANC measured the next day was also significantly decreased. However, the decrease was more profound in the high-dose group compared to the low-dose group. Among six cases with profoundly decreased ANC greater than 1,000/mm3, four patients (67%) received IVIG at a dose of 1 g/kg/day. All four cases with increased ANC were treated with IVIG dose of 0.4 g/kg/day, and three cases (75%) among them had a febrile reaction during IVIG administration. None of the cases with decreased ANC had a febrile reaction. No cases had infectious complications reported. Conclusion : IVIG treatment for ITP patients appears to suppress the ANC. This decrease of ANC was more pronounced when a higher dose of IVIG was used. Some cases with increased ANC counts after IVIG use were found only in low-dose IVIG group, and was associated with febrile reactions during IVIG use.
Eight-stage steam turbine rotor dynamics analysis. Technical report No. 78TR13

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Reports of a design review and dynamic analysis of the rotor system of an 8-stage steam turbine for propulsion systems are reported. This turbine had a design speed of 60,000 rpm. Previous analysis indicated that the rotor first critical speed occurs in the 20,000 to 28,000 rpm range, and that operation in that speed range should be minimized. The current analysis of the rotor system indicates the potential of a rotor dynamics problem in the first critical speed range. Good balance and an effective turbine end bearing damper are required to control the rotor dynamic response. The existing turbine end bearing damper is inadequate. Examination of the hardware revealed evidence of motion of the squirrel cage within the housing. Design modifications are required to achieve desired damping characteristics. Turbine wheel fits, measured after disassembly of the turbine, exceeded limits specified by the design drawings and contribute to the potential rotor unbalance problem. Further, balance shifts may occur during operation due to the loose wheel fits. (LCL)
Optimization of Vacuum Drying Characteristics of Date Powder

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Kabkab, Khazravi, and Zark are three varieties of Iranian dates representing high, middle, and low sugar content, respectively. Under the vacuum conditions, powders from these dates were produced and placed in the optimized state for the dehydration reaction. The statistical analyses showed that the moisture reduction range of these three varieties at various conditions (100°C and 15.3 cm Hg, 93°C and 30.4 cm Hg, 84°C and 54.6 cm Hg, 68°C and 60.1 cm Hg) were 17.27±0.16, 20.89±0.19, and 7.61±0.02%, respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) on date variety and thickness (0.2, 1, 2, 2.5, and 3 cm) in drying time indicated that the Zark variety with low moisture and sugar contents exhibited the lowest drying time (about 6 h), followed by Khazravi and KabKab. The optimum condition (85°C, 54.6 cm Hg, and 1 cm thickness during 7 h of drying time) was selected for its favorable effects on the moisture reduction, smell/color quality, energy usage, and economical feasibility.