jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the in vitro cytotoxic and antiviral activities of different medicinal plants against infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Infectious bursal disease (IBD) caused by non-enveloped double stranded RNA virus is an acute and contagious poultry disease. Outbreak of IBD could result in 10–75% mortality of the birds; hence it has gained socio-economic importance worldwide. Medicinal plants have shown broad spectrum anti-viral activities against RNA and DNA viruses. Moringa oleifera Lam (MOL), Phyllanthus emblicus Linn (PEL), Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn (GGL), and Eugenia jambolana Lam (EJL) are commonly available medicinal plants of the sub-continent and exhibited anti-viral potential against different viruses. Ethanolic extracts of the leaves of MOL and EJL, roots of GGL and dried fruit of PEL were investigated for their cytotoxic and anti-viral potential against IBD virus using MTT colorimetric assay and anti-viral assay. Significant anti-viral potential (P<0.001) was demonstrated at concentrations 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg ml−1 of GGL, PEL, MOL and EJL, respectively, with no cytotoxicity. Data also spotlighted that all tested plant extracts possess significant anti-viral potential and this trend was higher in GGL followed by PEL, MOL, and EJL. The data undoubtedly conclude that these medicinal plants contain several health beneficial phyto-chemicals which got significant anti-viral potential and effectively be utilized against IBD virus. Moreover, the outcomes of this study provide a platform on the way to discover novel anti-viral agents against IBD virus and other viruses from plant origin.
A Caenorhabditis elegans allatostatin/galanin-like receptor NPR-9 inhibits local search behavior in response to feeding cues

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Movement in Caenorhabditis elegans is the result of sensory cues creating stimulatory and inhibitory output from sensory neurons. Four interneurons (AIA, AIB, AIY, and AIZ) are the primary recipients of this information that is further processed en route to motor neurons and muscle contraction. C. elegans has >1,000 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and their contribution to sensory-based movement is largely undefined. We show that an allatostatin/galanin-like GPCR (NPR-9) is found exclusively in the paired AIB interneuron. AIB interneurons are associated with local search/pivoting behavior. npr -9 mutants display an increased local search/pivoting that impairs their ability to roam and travel long distances on food. With impaired roaming behavior on food npr-9 mutants accumulate more intestinal fat as compared with wild type. Overexpression of NPR-9 resulted in a gain-of-function phenotype that exhibits enhanced forward movement with lost pivoting behavior off food. As such the animal travels a great distance off food, creating arcs to return to food. These findings indicate that NPR-9 has inhibitory effects on the AIB interneuron to regulate foraging behavior, which, in turn, may affect metabolic rate and lipid storage.
Fixation Stiffness and Displacement of Retrograde Intramedullary Nail for Proximal Humeral Fracture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

現在主流である順行性髄内釘は棘上筋の腱板を切る必要があり,ロッキングプレートは大きな皮膚切開が必要で侵襲 が小さいとはいえない.そこで侵襲を最小限にするため,逆行性髄内釘が共同研究者らにより開発された.本研究では,逆行性髄内釘の固定性を評価することを目的とし,従来から用いられている順行性髄内釘,ロッキングプレートを対象に力学試験を行った.対象インプラントは逆行性髄内釘,順行性髄内釘,ロッキングプレートとし,樹脂製上腕骨モデルに,AO 分類TypeA3 の骨切りを行い2part 骨折を作成した.力学試験は外反試験,ねじり試験,圧縮試験を行った.外反に対する変位は,ロッキングプレート,逆行性髄内釘,順行性髄内釘の順で高値を示した.圧縮剛性は,順行性髄内釘,逆行性髄内釘,ロッキングプレートの順で高値を示した.内旋と外旋の平均トルクはロッキングプレートが最も大きい値を示した.逆行性髄内釘は,内旋のねじりに対して他の内固定と剛性が同等であり,外反と圧縮荷重に対する変位はロッキングプレートよりも優れていたため,固定性に問題がないことを証明できたと考える.逆行性髄内釘は侵襲を減らすという観点から,上腕骨近位部骨折に対する内固定法として有用である.
Sosialisasi Perkoperasian bagi Notaris Pembuat Akta Koperasi Provinsi Jawa Barat dalam Peningkatan Pemahaman Tentang Perkoperasian

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cooperatives as one of the economic actors in Indonesia are required to be able to compete with other economic actors. Therefore, as a business entity, cooperatives need to obtain certainty and equal legal standing with other economic actors. In this case, the establishment and drawing up of a cooperative deed is carried out by a Notary, as with the establishment of other legal entities. TheDecree of the State Minister for Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia Number 98 of 2004, confirms that a Notary is an official who has the authority to make deeds of establishment and other deeds related either directly or indirectly to cooperative organizational and business activities. To increase the effectiveness of increasing the competitiveness of cooperatives through the availability of legal standing’ Cooperatives are the same as other business actors, so the Notary who makes cooperative deeds needs to understand the characteristics of cooperative organizations as a socio-economic system and is also required to become a community economic movement. An understanding of the characteristics of the cooperative organization is used as the basis or basis for notaries to make the deed of establishment of cooperatives, however, when making the deed of establishment of cooperatives or other deeds related to cooperatives, the deed maker must have a good understanding of cooperatives because the deed made will have legal force and must be legally accountable. For this reason, a cooperative socialization program was implemented for Notaries who make Cooperative Deeds.
Comparing the linear and logarithm normalized extreme learning machine in flow curve modeling of magnetorheological fluid

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The extreme learning machine (ELM) plays an important role to predict magnetorheological (MR) fluid behavior and to reduce the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculation cost while simulating the MR fluid flow of an MR actuator. This paper presents a logarithm normalized method to enhance the prediction of ELM of the flow curve representing the MR fluid rheological properties. MRC C1L was used to test the performance of the proposed method, and different activation functions of ELMs were chosen to be the neural networks setting. The Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) was selected as the indicator of the ELM prediction accuracy. NRMSE of the proposed method is found to improve the model accuracy up to 77.10 % for the prediction or testing case while comparing with the linear normalized ELM
Situating the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in University Physics.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Working from the perspective that university teaching is essentially about making learning possible (Ramsden, 2003) and that the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) is essentially about making transparent how such learning is, or has been, made possible, the work presented here details the start of an exploration into the way in which the “disciplinary style” Taylor Huber and Morreale (2002) of university physics shapes the scholarship of teaching and learning.
Predetermination of Quail Chick Sex Using Egg Indices in North Central Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Japanese quails are still in the domestication process in Nigeria and it has been observed that while in the cage they do not sit on their eggs in order to hatch them. Separation of the males and females such that the recommended ratio is kept in coveys is necessary for profit maximization. Presently, sexing in quails is only possible at post hatching stage even with the most popular Japanese vent examination technique. Besides, these techniques may be inaccurate, require expertise, facilities and may not be affordable by many Nigerian farmers. In this study therefore, egg colour, weight and shape were evaluated to predetermine quail chick sex. A total of 540 quail fertile eggs were distributed among the egg colour, weight and shape treatment groups. The data collected on male to female ratio indicated that the only 3 hatched chicks in 8g eggs treatment group were all female chicks. Eggs that weighed 9g hatched 4:5 male to female ratio, 10g eggs (2:3), 11g eggs (1:2), Round eggs (1:2), Oval eggs (15:23) and none of the Spherical eggs hatched. Others were Sienna egg colour that hatched 4:9 male to female ratio, Rich Brown eggs (3:7) and Chocolate (7:13). It was observed that all the treatment groups hatched both sexes though in a non uniform pattern. Thus, it may probably not be achievable to predetermine quail chick sex at pre-hatching stage using egg indices.
Testicular relapse in childhood leukemia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Five patients in bone marrow remission from childhood leukemia who subsequently had relapse in the testicle are reviewed. Clinically, recurrence of disease is often limited to this site. In spite of satisfactory local control with radiotherapy, further systemic progression generally occurs within 1 year. Previous studies suggest that patients who are in clinical remission harbor tumor in multiple occult "sanctuaries." Testicular leukemia reflects this uncontrolled extramedullary disease, and studies in optimal management of the generalized process are needed.
Application of 3G PCS technologies to rapidly deployable mobile networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this article, a rapidly deployable PCS architecture based on our novel resource management scheme, namely, virtual cell layout (VCL), is introduced. VCL is used to develop new self-organization and routing procedures that mitigate the scalability problem of infrastructureless routing and resource management. In VCL, the communication area is tessellated with regularly shaped fixed-size virtual cells. Radio resources such as frequency carriers and CDMA codes are assigned to the fixed cells of this layout. The real cells, which do not need to be the some size as the virtual cells, can move over the VCL cells. Simulation results show that the VCL-based architecture satisfies the requirement for rapid deployment and can provide an acceptable grade of service.
Türk üzümlerinin kabuk ve çekirdeklerinin kurutma kinetiğinin modellenmesi.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grape pomace is a valuable waste product and various end-products have been obtained after treatments. Recently, these have been commercialized due to their health-promoting effects. Drying is a crucial part of these treatments. This study aimed to analyze the drying kinetics of grape pomace parts, which are seeds and skins. Two grape types were used in this study, namely Emir and Bogazkere varieties of Vitis Vinifera species. Seeds and skins of each variety were dried in a tray dryer at an air velocity of 1 m/s with four different air temperatures; 40, 50, 55 and 60°C. The drying curves showed that the drying r ate increased with the air temperature. Six different drying models were selected from the literature and the best fitted model was determined by application of appropriate statistical methods. It was found that for Bogazkere seeds; Modified Two Term Model, for Bogazkere and Emir skins; Modified Page Model and for Emir skins; Logarithmic Model gave the best fit. The effective moisture diffusivities of each type were found for each temperature and were determined by two different approaches, experimental and estimation. The values and variation of Deff / L2 with temperature were calculated and were found to be increasing with temperature and that the Deff / L2 values were larger for grape skins than grape seeds. Arrhenius type equation was used in order to explain the temperature dependency of Deff / L2.
Migrant Agricultural Workers’ Health, Safety and Access to Protections: A Descriptive Survey Identifying Structural Gaps and Vulnerabilities in the Interior of British Columbia, Canada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we provide descriptive data that characterize the health, safety, and social care environment of migrant agricultural workers in British Columbia, Canada. Through the administration of surveys (n = 179), we gathered information in three domains: (1) living and working conditions; (2) barriers to rights, health, safety and advocacy/reporting; (3) accessibility of services. Our study confirms what predominantly qualitative studies and Ontario-based survey data indicate in terms of health, legal, and social barriers to care and protection for this population. Our findings also highlight the prevalence of communication barriers and the limited degree of confidence in government authorities and contact with support organizations this population faces. Notably, survey respondents expressed a strong intention to report concerns/issues to authorities while simultaneously reporting that they lacked the knowledge to initiate such complaints. These findings call into question government responses that task the agricultural industry with addressing access and service gaps that may be more effectively addressed by government agencies and service providers. In order to improve supports and protections for migrant agricultural workers, policies and practices should be implemented that: (1) empower workers to independently access health, social, and legal protections and limit workers’ dependence on their employers when help-seeking; (2) provide avenues for increased proactive inspections, anonymous reporting, alternative housing/employment and meaningful 2-way communication with regulators so that the burden of reporting is lessened for this workforce; (3) systematically address breaches in privacy, translation, and adequate workplace injury assessments in the healthcare system. Ultimately, the COVID-19 context has put into sharper focus the complex gaps in health, social and legal services and protections for migrant agricultural workers. The close chronology of our data collection with this event can help us understand the factors that have resulted in so much tragedy among this workforce.
International Baccalaureate as a litmus test revealing conflicting values and power relations in the Israeli education system

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study comprises a comprehensive attempt to reveal the power relations and conflicting interests within the local–global nexus of the Israeli public education system. The perceptions of different stakeholders were explored, in regard to the implementation of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program as an example of a globally oriented curriculum. Vignette scenarios and mixed methods were utilized in order to survey various stakeholders including parents, school principals, Education Ministry officials, academics, and educational entrepreneurs. Findings indicate that the Israeli education system is somewhat trapped between different and opposing pressures that force transformations in conflicting directions. The Israeli case may serve as a reference point for future research, advancing the study of power relations and tensions between different values and diverse stakeholders in modern education systems, especially within societies engaged in active conflict.
Curcumin Attenuates Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Cognitive Deficits

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the effects of curcumin on cognitive deficits induced by hypobaric hypoxia.Methods: 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats(200±20 g) were randomly divided into three groups with 10 rats in each group: Control group,Model group and Curcumin group.Severe cognitive deficits were detected by the water maze task.Hippocampal LTP was measured by electrophysiol-ogy method.Results: Hypobaric hypoxia can cause severe cognitive deficits,and curcumin could attenuate hypobaric hypoxia-induced cognitive deficits.LTP inhibition in hippocampus caused by hypobaric hypoxia were markedly improved by administration of curcumin for 4 weeks.Conclusions: Curcumin exhibits therapeutic potential for hypobaric hypoxia-induced cognitive deficits.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN BAKSO IKAN DAN MANAJEMEN USAHA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN KELUARGA DI KAMPUNG TOBATI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The training on making fish balls and business management in Tobati Village aims to increase family income through the development of skills and knowledge in the food industry. This program is designed to empower the local community by providing practical skills in making fish balls as well as knowledge in business management. Through this training, it is hoped that participants can develop fish ball businesses independently, improve product quality, and optimize local marketing. The results of this training are expected to make a significant contribution to increasing family income, as well as improving welfare and economic development in Tobati Village
Postnatal development of the occipito-tectal pathway in the rat.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The postnatal development of the occipito-tectal pathway was studied by making single injections of 3H-leucine into the striate cortex of rats ranging in age from newborn to postnatal day 50 (P50). After these injections, the earliest age at which autoradiographic labeling was found in the ipsilateral superior colliculus (SC) was P4. Two main stages were recognized in the development of the occipito-tectal pathway. In the first stage, from P4 to P9, the silver grain pattern over the SC was suggestive of axonal labeling. The label was tangentially and radially exuberant involving the prospective stratum opticum, the adjacent part of the stratum griseum superficiale and also the strata intermediale. A rough topographic order in the projection existed at least from P6. The second stage, from P9 to P17, was characterized by the ingrowth of axonal arbors into the collicular strata superficiale and by the disappearance of the tangentially exuberant projections. Quantitative estimations of the degree of tangential exuberancy of the projection showed that it underwent a reduction of almost 50% from P7 to P17. By P17, the radial and tangential patterns of termination of the occipito-tectal pathway appeared virtually mature. No projections to the contralateral SC were observed at any age. The results of the present study indicate that the mature topographic pattern of the occipito-tectal projection is attained through two separate steps which may involve a number of different mechanisms. In the first step, occipital axons grow orderly -although in an exuberant manner- towards their roughly appropriate tectal locations, remaining to a large extent confined to the collicular white matter. In the second step, further refinement of the topographic map is achieved both by selective growing of terminal arbors into tangentially restricted regions of the tectal surface, and, by retraction of tangentially exuberant projections.
PERIKANAN SKALA KECIL: PROSES PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN NELAYAN DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENANGKAPAN IKAN (Small-Scale Fishing: Fishers Decision-Making in Relation to Fishing Factors in Conserving Sustainability of Fishing)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACTThe human element is an important key factor in the success of small-scale fishing activities. Knowledge of decision-making by fishermen in choosing the location of fishing will determine the sustainability of fisheries resources. There were two aims in this paper which are to explore factors that influenced the decision-making process and to determine how to choose fishing grounds. This method used content analysis to examine the relevant literature. Results showed that some factors that influence decision making process were weather, currents, familiarity with fishing grounds, sources and sharing information, available resources, recent catch effort, socio-historical-cultural and economic factors. Choosing fishing location was determined by the safely routes, travel costs, profit maximization, information, environmental factors, and individual personality.Key words: decision-making process, small-scale fishers-------ABSTRAKUnsur manusia merupakan faktor kunci penting dalam suksesnya kegiatan penangkapan ikan skala kecil. Pengetahuan tentang pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan oleh nelayan dalam memilih lokasi penangkapan ikan akan menentukan keberlanjutan sumber daya perikanan. Ada dua tujuan yang ingin dicapai yaitu untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan nelayan skala kecil dalam hal penangkapan ikan dan cara menentukan lokasi penangkapan ikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian literatur / studi pustaka dari berbagai jurnal penelitian. Hasil telaah literatur menunjukkan bahwa faktor cuaca, arus angin, familiar dengan lokasi, berbagi pengalaman dengan nelayan lainnya, hasil tangkapan sebelumnya, ketersediaan sumberdaya, faktor lingkungan sosial, ekonomi, budaya, berpengaruh dalam proses pengambilan keputusan nelayan. Nelayan menentukan lokasi penangkapan ikan dilakukan dengan cara memilih rute perjalanan yang aman, memperhitungkan biaya operasional penangkapan ikan, mendapatkan keuntungan maksimal, informasi, faktor lingkungan, ataupun kepribadian individu.Kata kunci: proses pengambilan keputusan, nelayan skala kecil
How Children Use Television News Programming: Patterns of Exposure and Effects.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

MF-$0.75 HC-$1.85 PLUS POSTAGE Childhood Attitudes; *Elementary School Students; Environmental Influences; *News Media; Television; *Television Viewing In order to determine the extent of children's exposure to national, local, and Saturday morning news programs and to gauge the impact on the child of news viewing, interviews were conducted with 703 children from kindergarten through fifth grade in inner-city, suburban, and rural schools, and with mothers of 236 students. Results showed that: (1) news viewing begins early in life, increasing with age; (2) boys watch more news programs than do girls; (3) there are only slight differences by race, academic ability, and political interest; (4) children do not tend to imitate parents' news viewing behaviors; and (5) opportunity (exposure to surrounding early evening and Saturday morning programs) is a major factor in producing news viewing. Moderate correlations were obtained between frequency of news watching and indices of political knowledge and general familiarity with current events. (A list of references and tables of findings are included.) (Author/JM)
Data management in Systems biology II - Outlook towards the semantic web

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The benefit of using ontologies, defined by the respective data standards, is shown. It is presented how ontologies can be used for the semantic enrichment of data and how this can contribute to the vision of the semantic web to become true. The problems existing today on the way to a true semantic web are pinpointed, different semantic web standards, tools and development frameworks are overlooked and an outlook towards artificial intelligence and agents for searching and mining the data in the semantic web are given, paving the way from data management to information and in the end true knowledge management systems.