jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Management of Innovations Through Communications in Bulgarian Small and Medium Enterprises

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In today's highly unpredictable business environment, any organization that wants to increase its competitiveness must innovate.Understanding the importance of innovation is determined by the corporate culture and communications of the organization.They broadcast its messages to all stakeholder groups, facilitate the transfer of knowledge and information and support innovation.The sample is based on the number of companies implementing innovations in Bulgaria.The methodology used is as follow: the profile of the surveyed companies is as follows: the number of respondents -300 companies, and the owners and managers of the companies were interviewed.The closed-question survey is pre-prepared by the author.The data is collected from The National Statistical Institute in Bulgaria.The studied variables trace the relationship between the innovative efforts of the companies, the corporate culture-competitive performance link, with their internal and external communications and maintained partnerships in the context of open innovation.With the help of the Media Riches Theory and DART models, we could create effective communication programs to promote stakeholder innovation efforts and co-creation processes.The studied variables trace the relationship between the innovative efforts of the companies with their internal and external communications.The results show that small and medium-sized enterprises predominate in Bulgaria.Most managers understand the positive influence that corporate culture has on the overall competitive performance of companies.The studied companies maintain contact with the different groups of stakeholders.Part of this is keeping an effective communication policy, both inside and outside the "borders" of the organization.The significant investments of the investigated companies are in tangible resources.It is necessary to increase the understanding of the importance of intangible resources and increase the investment in them.Effective communication practices would be a reasonable basis for this.
Practices And Challenges Of Implementing Balanced Scorecard In Wegagen Bank

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The study assessed the challenges faced while implementing the balanced scorecard system particularly the four pillars of Balanced Scorecard in the case of wegagen Bank. The study tries to evaluate the challenges faced by the Bank in implementing the tasks as compared to the standard literatures of the system. This study focus on investigating the practice and challenges of WB faced specifically on branch operation activity. To collect the data five point likert scale questionnaire and open ended questionnaire is used. The total sample size of the questionnaire is 400 including managers, customer service supervisor, and customer officers who are working at Addis Ababa branch. In this case the study adopted probability sampling particularly stratified sampling and the method used is descriptive method. The questionnaire is prepared for 161 employees working at city branches. Out of the administered questionnaire 151 managed to return. The result that comes out of the questionnaire is analyzed using descriptive method of analysis and presented in the form of table and graphs. The finding show the major challenges that WB faces in the two of perspective, internal business process and learning and growth perspective. Internal process efficiency, lack in developing new products IT security is the challenge in internal business process which require improvement. Lack of schedule training, skill job enhancement, job safety, lack of employees participation in decision making are items in learning and growth perspective that require rigorous improvement in order to bring the four perspective in balance. Which means achieving what is planned. The other Problems regarding employees perception toward BSC is biased from the reality. So giving training to employees helps to bring about the implementation smooth and effective
Emerging Issues and Challenges in Higher Education System in India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Education is considered to be the highest signi cant factor and is a basic instrument
for the development of the country. India is a developing country and the best
method to achieve its goals is by strengthening its education system. It should be
changed from time to time based on the changing scenario of the society. Education
basically provides an opportunity which has a re ection upon the social, economic,
cultural and spiritual issues which are faced by all human beings in the society.
In order to drive the economy forward, India needs more ef cient and educated
people. There are many people in India with different skills and capabilities and
to make India prosperous in the global economy, strengthening the general and
higher education system is a must and this can be done only by the process of
research and development. The main source of creation of human capital is only
through education. This is a must for economic growth of the country as well. The
externalities which are generated by human capital are the main source of selfsustaining
economic process in the country. This paper mainly highlights the overall performance of higher education
system in the Indian economy. There are various initiatives which are taken by the government mainly to raise level of education
system. The emerging issues and challenges in the  eld of Higher Education in India
are highlighted in this paper. It is a must that a combination of various stakeholders,
students, industry, educational institutions, parents and government work together
for the upliftment growth of the country. This paper mainly focuses on the most
desirable opportunities and obstacles that will arise in education  led in the long
run.
Antihaemophilic globulin: preparation by an improved cryoprecipitation method and clinical use.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The control of bleeding episodes in haemophilia and the pre vention of excessive haemorrhage after surgical procedures depend chiefly on raising the patient's plasma factor VIII concentration to an appropriate haemostatic level, and maintain ing this so long as the likelihood of bleeding continues. With whole plasma it is impossible to achieve levels much above 25%, or to maintain values constantly above about 10% for more than two or three days, without overloading the patient's circulation. In order to overcome this problem antihaemophilic globulin concentrates have been prepared for clinical use by a variety of methods. Most of these require much time and technical skill, and involve considerable loss of activity during the process. The cryoprecipitate method of Pool and her associates, however (Pool et al., 1964 ; Pool and Shannon, 1965), based on their observation (Pool and Robinson, 1959) that when frozen plasma is thawed in the cold most of the factor VIII remains in the cold-insoluble precipitate, provides a simple means of preparation of potent antihaemophilic globulin con centrates, suitable for introduction as a routine blood-banking procedure.
Hepatitis B-related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Induced by Hepatotropic Viral insult is Associated with Worse Prognosis Than that Induced by Non-Virus Insult

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Objective: The manifestations and prognoses of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) with different precipitating events remain heterogeneous. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of patients with hepatotropic viral insult (HVI)-induced hepatitis B-related ACLF (HBV-ACLF). Methods: 452 patients with confirmed diagnosis of ACLF were screened in three medical centers in China, and 203 HBV-ACLF patients with definite acute precipitating events were retrospectively analyzed. According to the precipitating events, HBV-ACLF patients induced by HBV reactivation and super-infection with HAV were classified as the hepatotropic viral insult group and those induced by other factors, as the non-virus insult (NVI) group. The clinical characteristics, predictive scoring model, and prognosis of the two groups were compared. Results: Hepatitis B virus reactivation accounted for the largest proportion (39.9%) among all precipitating events. Exacerbation time frame of the HVI group was significantly longer than that of the NVI group (20 days vs. 10 days, P<0.001). Comparison of intergroup prognosis showed that there was no significant difference in the 28-day mortality (20.9% vs. 13.7%, P=0.125), while the 90-day and 1-year mortality in the HVI group were higher than those in the NVI group (36.3% vs. 24.4%, P=0.014; 39.5% vs. 27.5%, P=0.020, respectively). In the HVI group, the lactic acid-free APASL-ACLF Research Consortium(AARC) had the highest predictive value for 90-day mortality (0.741). Conclusions: The 90-day and 1-year survival rate was lower in HBV-ACLF patients induced by HVI than by NVI. The lactate-free AARC score was a better predictor of short- and long-term prognosis in patients with HVI-induced HBV-ACLF.Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900021539 . Registered 26 February 2019 Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=36342
Work and Well-Being: Realities and Aspirations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article summarizes research on the quality of working life and the effects of unemployment, and presents policy proposals in both areas. Research findings on the quality of working life are discussed in terms of six major determinants: variety and challenge; autonomy and control; resources and supervision; relations with coworkers; wages and promotion; and conditions of work. Effects of unemployment are demonstrated in four areas — mental health, physical symptoms, physiological indicators, and economic well-being. Suggestions for future research and for social policy are made in two domains, socio-technics and reallocation of work. The first, socio-technics revisited, is a proposal for interdisciplinary collaboration in which engineering, architecture, and medicine as well as the social sciences address the problems of quality of employment. This contrasts with the earlier research in which the technology of work is taken as given and the task of social science is adaptation to it. The proposal for the reallocation of work is based on a four-hour work module and on individual choice, compatible with organizational requirements, on the number and pattern of modules to be worked. Both proposals are urged as subjects for experimental trial and revision, before enactment as social policy.
Salix myrsinifolia Salisb. AS A SOURCE OF PHENOLIC GLYCOSIDES: DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERISTIC OF HABITAT CONDITIONS IN THE MID-EASTERN POLAND

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In Poland, Salix myrsinifolia Salisb. reaches the south-western border of the dense geographical range. Therefore, the number of natural stands of this species is limited. The aims of this study were: to evaluate the content of phenolic glycosides in darkleaved willow bark taken from natural sites, and to investigate the habitat conditions and natural resources of this species in mid-eastern Poland. In the sites of S. myrsinifolia the annual shoots were taken, and the content of phenolic glycosides in willow bark was determined. The plant communities with the share of this species were characterised, and pH, organic matter, macro- and microelements in soils were determined. The bark of the dark-leaved willow is characterised by a very high content of phenolic glycosides and is considered to be potential natural source of salicylates. The plant communities with share of this species were formed spontaneously on highly transformed calcareous fens where peat was mined and on agriculturally developed peatlands. The number of natural stands is small, and gather from natural habitats is limited. Therefore, this species can be a good source of quality raw material during cultivating.
State Merit Amicus Participation and Federalism Outcomes in the U.S. Supreme Court

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research suggests that merit <it>amicus curiae</it> participation correlates with Supreme Court decision making and that states make frequent and effective use of this tool. To date, however, no study has adequately examined the relationship between state <it>amicus</it> participation and the federalism values reflected in the Court's decisions. This article dev"Lelops and finds evidence for the assertion that, when they cooperate in the <it>amicus</it> process, state participation is associated with an increase in the likelihood of rulings favoring state rather than national government power.
The State of Gender Equality in India and Impact of Mid-Day Meal Scheme

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter presents the book's major question from an Indian perspective. The world's largest democracy and the second most populous country in the world is treading a nervous path towards gender equality. First, this chapter analyses the current state of gender equality in India, wherein half-a-billion women call this country home but several more millions go unborn and unwanted, grow undernourished and are unequal in comparison to their male counterparts. Second, the socially deplorable condition of women in the 19th and 20th century is presented, and third, the school lunch programme and its impact on gender equality are discussed. Finally, the policy interventions and progress towards gender mainstreaming are analysed.
Jeff Guy. Theophilus Shepstone and the Forging of Natal: African Autonomy and Settler Colonialism in the Making of Traditional Authority.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Jeff Guy. Theophilus Shepstone and the Forging of Natal: African Autonomy and Settler Colonialism in the Making of Traditional Authority. Get access Jeff Guy. Theophilus Shepstone and the Forging of Natal: African Autonomy and Settler Colonialism in the Making of Traditional Authority. Scottsville, South Africa: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press. 2013. Pp. ix, 566. Clifton Crais Clifton Crais Emory University ccrais@emory.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 119, Issue 3, June 2014, Pages 1024–1025, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/119.3.1024 Published: 04 June 2014
The Cost of Cochlear Implantation: A Review of Methodological Considerations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives . Cost studies can provide useful guidance, so long as they adhere to accepted methodology. Cochlear implants (CIs) are electronic devices introduced surgically into the inner ear. It is a relevant example to review cost study analyses because of its costliness. The aim of this study was to review relevant published cost studies of CI to analyze the method used. Methods . First, we described the key points of cost study methodology. Cost studies relating to CI were systematically reviewed, focussing on an analysis of the different methods used. Results . The methods, data sources, and estimated cost categories in each study varied widely. The paper showed that cost studies adopted significantly different approaches to estimate costs of CI, reflecting a lack of consensus on the methodology of cost studies. Conclusion . To increase its credibility, closer agreement among researchers on the methodological principles of cost studies would be desirable.
The exclusion of serious and organised offenders and their victims from the offer of restorative justice: Should this be so and what happens when the offer is put on the table?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is scarce research evidence of restorative justice being used in the context of serious and organised crime offending. This study sought to explore the feasibility of using restorative justice by canvassing the views of experts, serious and organised crime offenders and serious and organised crime victims in England. Offenders and victims were given the opportunity to engage in a restorative justice initiative and individual cases were pursued accordingly as a series of case studies. Case studies were limited to large-scale serious and organised fraud. Stark differences in views were apparent between serious and organised crime experts and restorative justice experts, the former doubting offenders’ motivations and pointing to their dangerousness without fully considering victim perspectives. Despite high attrition rates among some offenders expressing an initial willingness to pursue restorative justice, where both parties wished to participate, sustained motivation was observed. This study highlights inequities in the way that police forces have implemented the 2015 Victims Code requirements for restorative justice in England and Wales, potentially blocking opportunities for closure, social integration and reduced reoffending.
Structure Formation During the Isothermal Crystallization of an Oriented Blend of Isotactic Polystyrene with Poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Summary: Isothermal crystallization of an oriented blend of isotactic polystyrene (iPS) with poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (PPO) was studied by in situ polarized FT‐IR spectroscopy and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The structural organization during the oriented crystallization consists of three stages. The first stage is the orientation relaxation of molecular chains of iPS and PPO, the degree of orientation of iPS increases in the second stage, and the oriented chains of iPS crystallize in the third stage. magnified image
Experimental Measurements of Hypersonic Instabilities over Ogive-Cylinders at Mach 6

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0153.vid Hypersonic boundary layer instability and transition experiments were performed in the low-enthalpy AFRL Mach-6 Ludwieg Tube. The test article was a one-meter long ogive-cylinder model with interchangeable nose tip geometries of varying ogive radius and nose bluntness. Measurements of boundary layer structures instabilities over the body of the model were captured via focused laser differential interferometry (FLDI), two types of surface mounted pressure sensors, and high speed schlieren imagery at nominal unit Reynolds numbers ranging from 3.9*10^6 m^(-1) to 13.6*10^6 m^(-1). Unique boundary layer structures and instabilities were observed that show signs of possible nonlinear interactions leading to breakdown to turbulence. Three primary instability structures were observed that were dependent on ogive radius and nose bluntness. Each instability structure has unique frequency characteristics that are closely tied to the leading edge geometry of the model. The addition of nose bluntness is shown to have an overall delay in transition onset and a possible blunt nose transition reversal is observed as bluntness is further increased. It is also shown that the effects of the ogive radius in addition to nose bluntness alters the flow instability and transition behaviors and is likely tied to a modification of the entropy layer structure. A novel curvature based Reynolds number is proposed to capture the effects of the presence of multiple radii of curvature on the tip geometry and shows signs of collapsing the transition trends of this study to a single curve.
Development of an OpenFOAM based Solver for Dilute Laminar Gas-Droplet Flows with Evaporation and a Proposal for a Turbulent Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An OpenFOAM based solver for dilute laminar gas-droplet \nows with evaporation \nis developed. The same module was implemented in a general purpose \nCFD solver, IITK-DAE ANUPRAVAHA SOLVER by Mrunalini [4] and Shashwat \nSwami Jaiswal [38]. A proposal for turbulent module for the same also has \nbeen made in this thesis. \nThe nite volume method with non-staggered grid arrangement has been used \nalong with a fully implicit and semi-coupled algorithm to numerically solve the set \nof governing equations for laminar case. A two-way coupling has been assumed \nbetween the two phases. This has been achieved by including source terms in the \ngoverning equations, involving mass, momentum and energy transport between \nthe phases. A classical model for droplet evaporation has been implemented in \nthe OpenFOAM based solver. The solver has been successfully veried against \nthe results of gas-droplet channel \now with evaporation against the results of \nAnupravaha and compared with that of the commercial software FLUENT. \nA proposal for a two equation (k-) turbulent model for gas-droplet \nows with \nevaporation has been made in this thesis. Taking the density variation in gaseous \nphase due to mixing into account, Favre-averaging is considered for this phase.
[Functional asymmetry of the human cerebral hemispheres].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

On the basis of a critical analysis of Soviet and foreign literature, as well as on some results of long-term personal observations, the authors discuss some modern concepts (clinico-diagnostical, neurosurgical, rehabilitative, neurophysiological) of functional asymmetry in the human hemishperes. The authors underline a necessity for a detailed multidisciplinary study of this problem, having in view its importance for the theory and practice of medicine.
MEDIA DAN TAFSIR MASKULINITAS: SUATU TINJAUAN ATAS CULTURAL IMPERIALISM

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Masculinity is a topic that has attracted the attention of many researchers. They examine causes, patterns of change, and impacts. This article attempts to understand masculinity in the perspective of cultural imperialism. Through the perspective of cultural imperialism, we find evidence that masculinity is not born from the womb of the local community's culture, but rather as a result of the practice of colonialism and imperialism. In the era of media globalization, cultural imperialism places more emphasis on the psychological aspect where advertisements and television shows set a new standard of masculinity for men. This paper will discuss the influence of cultural imperialism and media hegemony on the construction of masculinity in society.
"DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER" T-PROCESS REGRESSION NONPARAMETRIC BAYES-BASED HETEROGENEOUS GENE REGULATORY NETWORK INFERENCE:

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recent research into time-varying network inference for gene expression data mainly assumes that gene regulatory networks have linear interactions. This assumption is straightforward and requires comparatively simple model building. However, in various previous biological studies, gene expression data have been believed to have nonlinear properties in their regulatory interactions. To address this, we adopted a nonparametric Bayesian regression method (e.g. a Gaussian Process) for predicting interactions into a time-varying network to achieve more flexible regression capability. The proposed method was evaluated on Drosophila melanogaster gene data, which has been used as a benchmark in a number of studies. This dataset, which was measured by a microarray test, is known to include noise. To obtain stronger robustness to noisy data, in our algorithm, we employed the T-Process instead of the conventional Gaussian Process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first algorithm to apply nonparametric Bayesian regression method to a time-varying gene regulatory network problem. Our basic algorithm employed reversible jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) for inference of whole network structures. The method can handle the two inference problems: (i) change point detection and (ii) network structure inference simultaneously.