jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stage 1 and 2 carcinoma of the cervix: review of complications in 140 cases treated in the years 1971-1980.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Complications of 140 cases of squamous carcinoma of the cervix treated by surgery are analyzed. Intra- and post-operative morbidity is considered; intra-operative morbidity was very low. Post-operative morbidity was mainly rappresented by early and late bladder dysfunction. Recurrence rate is analyzed; it is 10%.
Differences in the genetic diversity and genome size between two ecotypes of Imperata cylindrica in Japan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Understanding genomic characteristics, such as genetic diversity and genome size, is important because they relate to species and ecotype performance. Imperata cylindrica has two ecotypes, the common type (C‐type) and the early‐flowering type (E‐type), which differ in their ecological characteristics and distribution ranges in Japan. This study aimed to elucidate the genetic diversity of the C‐type and E‐type ecotypes of I. cylindrica throughout Japan, using the multiplexed inter‐simple sequence repeat genotyping by sequencing (MIG‐seq) method. Genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism data analysis revealed that the C‐type had greater genetic diversity and clearer isolation by distance than the E‐type. Additionally, the C‐type exhibited clear genetic differentiation between the southern part of Amami Oshima and other populations, consistent with differences in its life history. The C‐type also had a smaller genome than the E‐type, which may contribute to faster plant growth and smaller seed mass, as compared with the larger genome of the E‐type. These phenomena were consistent with the characteristics of the C‐type. These results showed that the two ecotypes differ genetically, highlighting the necessity for different guidelines for each ecotype in their conservation and use for revegetation.
Obtaining Thin Films Of Aln By Atomic LayerDeposition Using Nh3 Or N2h4 As Precursors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work we used atomic layer deposition (ALD) method to obtain thin films of AlN using tris(diethylamido)aluminum (III) (TDEAA) with hydrazine (N2H4) or ammonia (NH3) as precursors. Elemental analysis of the film deposited by ALD TDEAA /N2H4 at 200 °C showed the presence of carbon impurities ~ 1.4 at%, oxygen ~ 3.2 at.% and hydrogen 22.6 at.%. The atomic concentration ratio of N/Al was ~ 1.3. The residual impurities content with N2H4 was lower than with NH3. In general, it has been confirmed that hydrazine has a more preferable surface thermochemistry than ammonia.
Endeavour to Find Evidence : The Role of Evaluation in Complex Systems of Governance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The nature and logic of societal decision-making have changed from the rational planning era of the 1970s and 80s, through the performance management of the 1990s and 2000s, toward a multilevel system of governance today. Global economic and political issues are highly interconnected and complex. The speed of decision-making and the urgency of the issues being dealt with have increased. This has led to a situation in which the boundaries between policymakers, civil servants and external interest organizations are becoming more blurred.\n\nPolicy-making is now expected to be more open, transparent and evidence-based or -informed than in the past. There is a struggle to guarantee professional, high-quality and evidence-based policy preparation in a complex operating environment that is constantly changing. A role seems to have emerged for evaluation in supporting evidence-based policies in complex settings.\n\nThis dissertation examines the changing role of evaluation in complex systems of governance. The problem with current evaluation approaches is that they are rather static; apply mechanistic, linear causal logic; lack understanding of the theory of change; and often rely on rigid, a priori, defined evaluation criteria and methods. Traditional evaluation models are not suitable for understanding and evaluating reasonably complicated or complex policy phenomena.\n\nThe dissertation outlines an alternative systemic evaluation approach that is more suitable for evaluating the effectiveness and impacts of complex polices and interventions than the traditional policy or program evaluation model. The new approach presented relies heavily on the idea of ​​systems and complexity theories and the utilization of the systemic evaluation designs derived from them. Developmental evaluations, systemic network analysis and utilization of theory of change models are examples of this approach. The thesis also suggests that the evaluators should have a more active role as knowledge brokers and policy interpreters between governments and citizens. This would make it easier for citizens and firms to understand the complex regulatory and policy-making environment, and thus to support the development of an open and democratic society.\n\nKeywords: evaluation, governance, complexity theory, systems thinking, causality
Comparative legal analysis as a learning tool in teaching legal translation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to show the benefits flowing from the use of a comparative legal analysis in the translation classes. The comparative microanalysis helps students to develop their domain competence and translation strategies in a given situational context and to raise awareness of issues related to the national legal concepts and terminology. To illuminate this subject we present first some fundamental theoretical assumptions in the field of legal translation and provide a short description of methodology using by the legal comparison. According to the Constantinescos Model of a comparative legal analysis we show then an example how this method can be applied to the Teaching Legal Translation.
A SENSITIVE IN VITRO BIOASSAY METHOD FOR LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) ACTIVITY

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A specific and sensitive in vitro bioassay method is described for the measurement of LH activity of HCG, HMG and human hypophyseal gonadotrophin (HHG) preparations. The method is based on the principle that a linear relationship exists between graded doses of HCG, HMG or HHG preparations and the amount of testosterone released into the incubation medium by decapsulated mouse testes. The sensitivity of the method is 0.4 mIU/ml incubation medium for HCG and 2 mIU/ml for HMG. The useful range of the method is 0.4– mIU/ml for HCG and 2–32 mIU/ml for HMG preparations. A 3 + 3 point design with 6 individual observations per dose is used. Under these experimental conditions the mean index of precision (γ) in 44 assays was 0.22. All HCG, HMG and HHG preparations yielded parallel dose-effect lines. In the concentrations studied, the assay was not influenced by the presence of FSH, ACTH, STH, LTH, vasopressin, oxytocin and LH releasing hormone activities. The high LH contamination of the highly purified TSH preparations studied precluded an adequate assessment of a possible synergistic or antagonistic effect of TSH on the assay.
Genome mining and functional genomics of small secreted proteins (SSPs) in Cladosporium fulvum, Mycosphaerella graminicola and M. fijiensis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fungal pathogens secrete effector proteins to target and manipulate host plants for successful infection. They primarily function as virulence factors but during co-evolution plants have evolved resistance proteins to recognize them resulting in effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Successful pathogens, in turn, evolved additional effectors to evade recognition or to suppress ETI resulting in host susceptibility. In this study we mined the genomes of Cladosporium fulvum, Mycosphaerella graminicola and M. fijiensis and identified 289, 266 and 180 SSPs, respectively, that represent a common feature of effector proteins (
Spatial patterns of wilting in sugar beet as an indicator for precision irrigation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Precision irrigation requires a map of within-field variations of water requirement. Conventional remote sensing techniques provide only a shallow estimate of water status. The ability of a water sensitive crop, sugar beet is tested here as an intermediate sensor providing an integrated measure of water status throughout its rooting depth. Field sampling of soil cores to 1m depth established that within-field wilting zones, identified on aerial photographs, are significantly associated with coarser or shallower soils. Stress classes, determined by classification of the digitised images, were weakly correlated with total available water (R2≈0.4). These results suggest that wilting in sugar beet can be used as an intermediate sensor for quantifying potential soil water availability within the root zone. Within-field stress maps generated in one year could be applied as a strategic tool to allow precision irrigation to be applied to high-value crops in following years, helping to make more sustainable use of water resources.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Salvia x jamensis Essential Oil

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This is the first report about the composition of the essential oil of Salvia x jamensis. The major compounds identified by GC-MS were β-caryophyllene (14.8 %), β-pinene (6.8 %), caryophyllene oxide (6.0 %), δ-cadinene (5.5 %), α-pinene (5.2 %) and spatulenol (5.2 %). The oil showed antimicrobial activity against three Gram (+) bacteria: Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. epidermidis, and three Candida strains: C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis, while it was inactive against three Gram (-) bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae.
Evaluation of a rat model for assessing interventions to salvage ischaemic myocardium: effects of ibuprofen and verapamil

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Coronary ligated rats were administered intraperitoneal injections of 6.24, 12.52, and 25.00 mg . kg-1 ibuprofen and 5.00 and 10.00 mg . kg-1 verapamil 1 h before ligation, 1 h after ligation, and then every 8 h for 48 h. Ibuprofen at 50.00 mg . kg-1 was administered 1 h before ligation, 1 h after ligation and 5 h after ligation. Infarct size was determined either by weighing the stained excised infarcted area or by measuring the creatine kinase activity from the excised left ventricle. Ibuprofen and verapamil treatment resulted in less myocardial damage after 48 h than placebo treatment but the differences were generally not statistically significant. The reduction in infarct size was greater in the ibuprofen treated animals compared with verapamil treated rats. In addition, there was a lower mortality with ibuprofen treatment than for either verapamil or placebo. This rat model was useful as a screening tool for the initial evolution of therapeutic interventions to reduce myocardial infarct size. It required substantially less time than large animal models and can be used to examine a variety of treatment doses. These experiments also demonstrated the importance of randomisation to treatment and control groups because of the possibility of disproportionate mortality affecting infarct size.
Translation and Validation of the Filipino Sustainability Consciousness Questionnaire (F-SCQ)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Sustainable Development (SD) has undeniably become an important concept worldwide. But sustainability issues are viewed in different contexts and situations. It is believed that cultural context is an important factor that influences human behaviors and values related to society, the economy, and the environment. Language is an essential part of culture. Thus, measurement indicators that are culturally adapted are as important to visualize the efforts toward SD. The present study aims to create a Filipino version of the Sustainability Consciousness Questionnaire (SCQ) reflecting the three psychological constructs of knowingness, attitudes, and behavioral items which are related to SD dimensions of social, economic, and environmental. Also, validation of the Filipino SCQ (F-SCQ) by experts and pilot tests as to the conceptual level of the target users and construct validity were done. This study used a cross-sectional, explanatory nonexperimental design with participants composed of 678 male and female aged 18-19 years old. The translation processes go through preparation, translation proper (forward translation), and evaluation (i.e. back translation, bilingual technique, and pretest/cognitive debriefing with 10 target samples) to ensure that the translated instrument is both culturally acceptable and contextually scale relevant to target population. In terms of its factor structure, the results of the second-order factor analysis are as follows: for Sustainability Knowingness, all of the first-order factors (i.e., Environmental, Social, and Economic) were loaded onto a single second-order factor. For Sustainability Attitudes, only the Social and Economic factors were retained; while, for Sustainability Behaviour, only the Environmental and Economic factors were confirmed. Hence, this Filipino version of the SCQ is found to be psychometrically sound and suitable for Filipino adolescents in measuring their sustainability consciousness. Further evaluation is recommended in comparison to the original English SCQ, other age groups; and translation to other Philippine dialects may also be considered in future studies.
Effect of Mass Fraction on Leaching Kinetics of Hydrophobic Ultraviolet Stabilizers in Low-Density Polyethylene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The leaching kinetics of five hydrophobic ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) (micro)fibers into water was evaluated in this study, with variation of the mass fraction (ω = 0.1-2.0 wt %) of the stabilizers. A one-dimensional convection-diffusion model for a cylindrical geometry, requiring partitioning between the LDPE fibers and water (KLDPEw) and the internal diffusion coefficients (DLDPE), was used to evaluate the leaching process and the leaching half-life of the target UV stabilizers at ω < 0.5 wt % (Case I). Diffusion through the aqueous boundary layer is the rate-determining step, and the leaching half-life is predicted to be very long (a few months to years) under unaffected conditions. When the UV stabilizers are supersaturated within LDPE fibers (i.e., ω > 0.5 wt %, Case II), the possible formation of a surficial crystal layer of the additives on the LDPE fiber extends the time scale for leaching compared to that in Case I due to the requirement of overcoming the crystallization energy. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the leaching profiles of plastic additives for assessing their potential chemical risks in aquatic environments; further studies under the relevant environmental conditions are required.
On Improving Cross-dataset Generalization of Deepfake Detectors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Facial manipulation by deep fake has caused major security risks and raised severe societal concerns. As a countermeasure, a number of deep fake detection methods have been proposed recently. Most of them model deep fake detection as a binary classification problem using a backbone convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture pretrained for the task. These CNN-based methods have demonstrated very high efficacy in deep fake detection with the Area under the Curve (AUC) as high as 0.99. However, the performance of these methods degrades significantly when evaluated across datasets. In this paper, we formulate deep fake detection as a hybrid combination of supervised and reinforcement learning (RL) to improve its cross-dataset generalization performance. The proposed method chooses the top-k augmentations for each test sample by an RL agent in an image-specific manner. The classification scores, obtained using CNN, of all the augmentations of each test image are averaged together for final real or fake classification. Through extensive experimental validation, we demonstrate the superiority of our method over existing published research in cross-dataset generalization of deep fake detectors, thus obtaining state-of-the-art performance.
Understanding Device Integrations within Diabetes Apps: App Features and Reviews Analysis (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Diabetes management involves a large degree of data collection and self care in order to accurately administer insulin. Several mobile apps are available that allow people to track and record various factors that influence their blood sugar levels. Existing diabetes apps offer features that enable integrations with various devices that streamline diabetes management, such as continuous glucose metres (CGM), insulin pumps or regular activity trackers. While this reduces tracking burden on the users, research highlighted several issues with diabetes apps, including issues with reliability and trustworthiness. As pumps and CGM are safety-critical systems – where issues can result in serious harm or fatalities – it is important to understand what issues and vulnerabilities could be introduced by relying on popular diabetes apps as an interface for interacting with such devices.

OBJECTIVE

As there is lack of research examining in detail the integrations and potential suitability of apps as part of a wider self-management ecosystem, our goal was twofold. First, we aimed to understand the current landscape of device integrations within diabetes apps and how well they meet users’ needs. Second, we identified the key issues users of the most popular apps face currently and what features are the source of these issues.

METHODS

Through searches in Android app stores, we systematically identified 21 diabetes apps that offer integrations. We conducted a detailed analysis of 602 user reviews. For each review we recorded its sentiment, features and issues, and additional contextual information provided by the review writers. We used descriptive statistics to analyse the features and issues. We also analysed the reviews thematically to identify additional trends related to the context of use and consequences of issues reported by the users.

RESULTS

The reviews focused on key features that users found the most important, including: device integrations (43% of reviews), tracking (32.2%), data logging (14.3%) and notifications (11.6%). We found that 54.5% of the reviews were negative (vs 31.1% positive and 14.6% neutral or mixed) and the majority of reviews (62.8%) mentioned issues. The biggest issues related to device integrations included: inability to connect with external devices (25.1%), inability to store, manage or access data (22%), unreliable notifications and alerts (9.2%), issues caused by or related to software updates (8.5%), hardware issues (6.4%) and issues with accessing the app, related services or associated hardware (3.2%).

CONCLUSIONS

Apps for diabetes management are a useful part of self-care only if they are reliable, trustworthy, reduce burden and increase health benefits. Our results provide a useful overview of desired features for diabetes apps alongside key issues for existing integrations and highlight the future challenges for AP system development.
Relaxation of non-integrable systems and correlation functions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate early-time equilibration rates of observables in closed many-body quantum systems and compare them to those of two correlation functions, first introduced by Kubo and Srednicki. We explore whether these different rates coincide at a universal value that sets the timescales of processes at a finite energy density. We find evidence for this coincidence when the initial conditions are sufficiently generic, or typical. We quantify this with the effective dimension of the state and with a state-observable effective dimension, which estimate the number of energy levels that participate in the dynamics. Our findings are confirmed by proving that these different timescales coincide for dynamics generated by Haar-random Hamiltonians. This also allows to quantitatively understand the scope of previous theoretical results on equilibration timescales and on random matrix formalisms. We approach this problem with exact, full spectrum diagonalization. The numerics are carried out in a non-integrable Heisenberg-like Hamiltonian, and the dynamics are investigated for several pairs of observables and states.
ChemInform Abstract: Sterically Crowded Cyclohexanes. Part 10. Synthesis, Conformation and Dynamics of 8,8,13,13‐Tetramethyltetraspiro(2.0.3.1.3.1.3.0) heptadecane.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hydrodynamic fluctuations in relativistic superfluids

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Hamiltonian formulation of superfluids based on noncanonical Poisson brackets is studied in detail. The assumption that the momentum density is proportional to the flow of the conserved energy is shown to lead to the covariant relativistic theory previously suggested by Khalatnikov, Lebedev and Carter, and some potentials in this theory are given explicitly. We discuss hydrodynamic fluctuations in the presence of dissipative effects and we derive the corresponding set of hydrodynamic correlation functions. Kubo relations for the transport coefficients are obtained.
Visceral origin: an underestimated source of neck pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The diagnosis of neck pain is challenging. Many visceral disorders are known tocause it, and clinical practice guidelines recommend to rule them out during neck pain diagnosis.However, the absence of suspicion of any cause impedes one from establishing that specific aetiology asthe final diagnosis. To investigate the degree of consideration given to visceral aetiology, a systematicsearch of trials about neck pain was carried out to evaluate their selection criteria. The search yielded309 eligible articles, which were screened by two independent reviewers. The PEDro scale score wasused to assess the methodological quality of the studies. The following information was retrieved:number of authors affiliated to a clinical or non-clinical institution, number of citations in the Webof Science, study aims, characteristics of participants, and eligibility criteria. The top 15 most citedtrials, and the 15 most recent studies about treatment efficacy in neck pain, published in first quartilejournals of the Journal Citation Reports, were selected. Females represented 67.5% of participants.A single study was of poor methodological quality (4/10). Based on the eligibility criteria of thearticles that were systematically reviewed, it would appear that visceral aetiology was not consideredin eighty percent of the trials on neck pain, showing a low level of suspicion both in research andclinical settings.