jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Development of the High Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerator with a Mechanical Mediator for Its Practical Utilization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As technology regarding the wearable electronic devices has rapidly developed, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which utilizes contact electrification with electrical induction as operation principle to generate electricity, is considered as a promising wearable energy harvester to power the portable and wearable devices. One of the abundant energy sources to be harvested by using the TENG is a human body movement, which entirely depends on joint movements with exclusive characteristics of limited displacement with a high degree of directional freedom. In this study, we focus on development of the high performance TENG with the help of adoption of the rationally designed power transmission unit, which is called as a mechanical mediator enabling highly effective power transmission from human body to the TENG. The effective and universal energy harvesting performance with multi-directional and multi-displacement movements are demonstrated with the developed lightweight TENG. This study would broaden the applicability of the TENG with its extremely enhanced electrical output performance.
Influence of ion-atom collisions on the recombination of electrons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The authors show that for the study of recombination of ions and electrons in weakly ionized low-temperature hydrogen plasmas, the processes H+H++e to H+H*(n) and H+2+e to H+H*(n) must both be considered since their contributions are comparable. A simple method for the calculation of the corresponding rate coefficients is presented.
Wave–vortex interaction in rotating shallow water. Part 1. One space dimension

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using a physical space (i.e. non-modal) approach, we investigate interactions between fast inertio-gravity (IG) waves and slow balanced flows in a shallow rotating fluid. Specifically, we consider a train of IG waves impinging on a steady, exactly balanced vortex. For simplicity, the one-dimensional problem is studied first; the limitations of one-dimensionality are offset by the ability to define balance in an exact way. An asymptotic analysis of the problem in the small-amplitude limit is performed to demonstrate the existence of interactions. It is shown that these interactions are not confined to the modification of the wave field by the vortex but, more importantly, that the waves are able to alter in a non-trivial way the potential vorticity associated with that vortex. Interestingly, in this one-dimensional problem, once the waves have traversed the vortex region and have propagated away, the vortex exactly recovers its initial shape and thus bears no signature of the interaction. Furthermore, we prove this last result in the case of arbitrary vortex and wave amplitudes. Numerical integrations of the full one-dimensional shallow-water equations in strongly nonlinear regimes are also performed: they confirm that time-dependent interactions exist and increase with wave amplitude, while at the final state the vortex bears no sign of the interaction. In addition, they reveal that cyclonic vortices interact more strongly with the wave field than anticyclonic ones.
Layer-2 Routing Analytic Model by Linear Programming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Carrier Ethernet integrates distributed layer-2 bridge networks to a backbone network. Since carrier Ethernets use simple layer-2 routing, its performance is lower than that of layer-3 routing methods. We introduce an analytic model that evaluates the routing methods in backbone networks. The model solves the multi- input and multi-output maximum flow problem in backbone networks using linear programming. Our method can be used as follows. Firstly, the model suggests appropriate link capacity if network topology and traffic pattern is given. Secondly, the model shows and compares the performance of layer-2 routing methods including perfect routing and our proposed routing called ENDIST(Edge Node Divided Spanning Tree). In this study, the performance is the maximum throughput that a given routing method can reach. We additionally found many good results about ENDIST. Our analytic model proved that ENDIST outperforms the existing layer-2 standard protocols such as STP, MSTP for any offered load and performs perfectly under medium and light traffic load in the given network, thus enough to say that ENDIST is as good as layer 3 routing from the point of throughput.
Corruption-Based TCP Rate Adjustment in Wireless Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Comparing to wire networks, there are many different characteristics in wireless environments, such as higher error rate, longer delay, lower bandwidth, frequent mobility and so on, which makes TCP congestion control mechanisms not directly suitable for wireless networks, and many improved TCP congestion control mechanisms have been presented. Generally, the influences to TCP sender's packet sending rate by link corruption are not considered in these improved schemes. However, unnecessary packet lost by corruption can be greatly avoided through the decrease of packet sending rate, which may lead to higher reliability, unnecessary energy consumption of mobile hosts, and less system overheads. For a given TCP connection, it is reasonable to assume that the possibility of packet lost by corruption can be obtained approximately from p e=m/n , where n is the number of total packets and m is the sum of packets lost by corruption during the period of time T . In this way, the possibility for n packets to be sent successfully to receiver is p=(1-p e) n , and TCP sender's maximum average packet sending rate is rate max =log a log( 1-p e ), where a is the lower limit of p . Based on the main idea, we obtain three TCP corruption based rate adjustment mechanisms, namely, two mechanisms driven by the event of packet loss in which TCP sender's packet sending rate is adjusted as soon as packet lost by corruption is detected, and one mechanism driven by TCP sender's sending period in which the rate is only adjusted while sending period expires. In terms of analysis, the mechanisms presented in this paper have the following characteristics: (1) TCP sender's packet sending rate is adjusted self adaptively by link corruption. (2) Unnecessary packets lost by corruption can be greatly avoided with light influences to throughput and delay through the choic of parameter a from (1-p e) rate 0×T/3 to (1-p e) rate 0×T/6 at the time of heavy packet loss by corruption. (3) The mechanisms can also be simply implemented with less overheads.
<title>Extended Rayleigh model of bubble evolution with material strength compared to detailed dynamic simulations</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The validity of an extended Rayleigh model for laser generated bubbles in soft tissue is examined. This model includes surface tension, viscosity, a realistic water equation of state, material strength and failure, stress wave emission, and linear growth of interface instabilities. It is compared to dynamic simulations using LATIS, which include stress wave propagation, water equation of state, material strength and failure, and viscosity. The model and the simulations are compared using 1-D spherical geometry with bubble in center and a 2-D cylindrical geometry of a laser fiber in water with a bubble formed at the end of the fiber. The model executes over 300x faster on computer than the dynamic simulations.
Effect of luminal pH and nutrient bicarbonate concentration on restitution after gastric surface cell injury.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Frog fundic mucosas whose surface layers were severely injured by exposure to 1 M NaCl for 10 minutes in an Ussing chamber uniformly recovered both physiologically and anatomically within 4 to 6 hours. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of luminal H+ and nutrient HCO-3 concentrations on this process of reconstitution. With 18 mM HCO-3, return of the transmucosal potential difference, tissue electrical resistance, and short-circuit current toward normal and anatomic recovery occurred at luminal pH of 7.4, 5.0, and 4.0 but not at 3.0. An inhibitor of pepsin did not favorably affect the outcome of luminal pH 3.0, but a nutrient HCO-3 concentration of 47.8 mM completely prevented the adverse effects of luminal pH 3.0. Reconstitution of epithelial integrity did not occur in the absence of HCO-3 at luminal pH 4.0. Thus, low luminal pH inhibits and high nutrient HCO-3 concentration supports the epithelial restitution after mucosal damage caused by hyperosmolar NaCl.
Histone Deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) Inhibitors: A Promising Treatment for Huntington’s Disease

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPatent HighlightNEXTHistone Deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) Inhibitors: A Promising Treatment for Huntington's DiseaseAhmed F. Abdel-Magid*View Author Information Therachem Research Medilab (India) Pvt. Ltd., Jaipur, India*Address: 1383 Jasper Drive, Ambler, Pennsylvania 19002, United States. Tel: 215-913-7202. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 8, 692–693Publication Date (Web):June 13, 2013Publication History Received10 June 2013Published online13 June 2013Published inissue 8 August 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ml4002216https://doi.org/10.1021/ml4002216editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2022Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (240 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Anatomy,Assays,Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Electron-Spin-Resonance Studies of a Chlorpromazine Derivative Bound to DNA Fibres

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Solutions of DNA, spin-labelled with the radical cation of chlorpromazine, were used to produce oriented species of fibres pulled from a gel obtained by ultracentrifugation. The electron spin resonance spectra, recorded at X and Q band frequencies, are given for both gel and fibres; 14N hyperfine coupling parameters were obtained by computer fitting. The spectra are explained in terms of a strongly immobilized label having one principal hyperfine tensor axis parallel to the axis of the DNA helix, and the preferential orientation of the chlorpromazine ions with their planes perpendicular to the DNA helical axis.
KUALITAS PELAYANAN RAWAT JALAN PUSKESMAS TANJUNG PALAS BERDASARKAN METODE IMPORTANCE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study was to analyze the quality of outpatient services at Tanjung Palas Community Health Center using the Importance Performance Analysis method. Population collection uses non probability sampling through convenience sampling. The questionnaire was distributed to 99 respondents who were samples of outpatients at the Tanjung Palas health center. The outpatient satisfaction index using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) obtained the results of research that service quality had a significant impact on patient satisfaction with service users with proven reality or performance of health centers that were far from patient expectations, patients were less satisfied with the services provided by the Center health, especially in attributes or quadrant I, namely cleanliness of the health center, completeness of medical devices, and reliability of health personnel both doctors and nurses.
Measurements of blood flow in retinal vessels by means of laser speckle phenomena (I)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A method is studied for measuring the blooflow in retinal vessels using laser speckle phenomena. The intensity fluctuation of speckles scattered from red blood cells in a retinal vessel is detected in the magnified image plane, and analyzed by the photon correlator which gives us the relative velocity of the blood flow. The experiments were performed to evaluate the bloodflow velocity in a glass capillary and in the retinal vessels of a rabbit and human volunteers. The results show that the bloodflow in retinal vessels can be measured by using laser speckles.
When Your Gain is my Pain and Your Pain is my Gain: Neural Correlates of Envy and Schadenfreude

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We often evaluate the self and others from social comparisons. We feel envy when the target person has superior and self-relevant characteristics. Schadenfreude occurs when envied persons fall from grace. To elucidate the neurocognitive mechanisms of envy and schadenfreude, we conducted two functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. In study one, the participants read information concerning target persons characterized by levels of possession and self-relevance of comparison domains. When the target person's possession was superior and self-relevant, stronger envy and stronger anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activation were induced. In study two, stronger schadenfreude and stronger striatum activation were induced when misfortunes happened to envied persons. ACC activation in study one predicted ventral striatum activation in study two. Our findings document mechanisms of painful emotion, envy, and a rewarding reaction, schadenfreude.
LETTERS pubs.acs.org/acschemicalbiology H-Bond Network around Retinal Regulates the Evolution of

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The chromophore 11-cis-retinal in solution has a λmax of 440 nmin its protonated form1 and 365 nm in the unprotonated form.2 However, by interacting with various short wavelength-sensitive type 1 (SWS1) opsins, the retinals achieve a diverse range of λmax&apos;s between 360 and 440 nm. 3 Mutagenesis experi-ments using E113Q suggested that the chromophores of ultra-violet and violet pigments are SBR and PSBR, respectively.47 We have already verified8 these experimental suggestions for the mouse ultraviolet and human violet SWS1 pigments by using a hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) method in Our own N-layer Integrated molecular Orbital and Molecular Mechanics (ONIOM) scheme,9 which was developed for calculating structural, energetic, and spectroscopic properties of large molecules. ONIOM and analogues QM/MM methods have proven useful in investigating spectral tuning mechanisms
Sperm tail entry into the mouse egg in vitro

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cumulus‐free mouse eggs were placed on microscope slides and inseminated with capacitated mouse spermatozoa. Fertilization could then be observed through the phase contrast microscope and recorded by time‐lapse cinematography. Following the penetration of the fertilizing spermatozoon through the zona pellucida and the fusion of the sperm head with the vitelline membrane, the entire sperm tail gradually entered the vitellus. The time required for tail incorporation into the vitellus as measured in 49 eggs varied from 3 h 3 min to 5 h 49 min, with a mean time of 4 h 23 min. When tail incorporation began, the greater part of the flagellum was still outside the zona pellucida; occasionally it slipped into the perivitelline space, but generally it remained outside the zona and shortened by degrees as incorporation proceeded. The motility of the fertilizing spermatozoon declined abruptly very soon after fusion of the sperm head with the vitellus and remained at a very low level during the 3–6 h required for tail incorporation. Sperm motility, therefore, does not appear to be the main determinant in tail incorporation and the primary mechanism responsible for it remains unclear. As the sperm tail slowly entered the vitellus, the second meiotic division was completed with concomitant extrusion of the second polar body. Key stages in second polar body formation were correlated with events in tail incorporation. Differences between fertilization in vitro and in vivo are discussed.
Three Eichendorff Lieder of Hans Pfitzner: A study of musical and poetic affinity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Joseph von Eichendorff relied upon the sounds of words to create a poetic atmosphere; this is metaphorical rather than literal. Hans Pfitzner rarely used overt text-painting (madrigalism), yet created highly evocative music. This, like the poetry of Eichendorff, is metaphorical interpretation rather than literal depiction; therefore, Pfitzner's Eichendorff settings lend compound illumination to the poetry. "Three Eichendorff Lieder of Hans Pfitzner: A Study of Poetic and Musical Affinity" explores three such settings. This project is limited to the examination of Pfitzner's setting of three Eichendorff poems: "Der Versp tete Wanderer," "Das Alter," and "In Danzig." To the best of the author's knowledge, each of these poems has received only one other musical setting. Analysis of the music and poetry will be for the purpose of demonstrating the affinity of Pfitzner's and Eichendorff's compositional aims, rather than to formal theoretical ends. Eichendorff's general stylistic traits will be noted, though extensive poetic analysis will be limited to the three poems at hand. Likewise, Pfitzner's general compositional traits will be set forth, and in-depth analysis will be reserved for the three Lieder topical to this study. Drawing on information gathered from examination of the poetry and Pfitzner's settings thereof, the present study will relate the compositional goals of Eichendorff and Pfitzner to show an affinity between composer and poet. Eichendorff's poetic intentions as interpreted by Pfitzner's music will be elucidated."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
IDDF2018-ABS-0251 Ductal clearance of calculi delays the development of diabetes in patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

In this study, we evaluate the effect of pancreatic ductal clearance on its development in chronic pancreatitis (CP).

Methods

Consecutive patients visiting the Pancreas Clinic between 1 st Aug, 2011–31stJul, 2012 were enrolled. Data on demography/disease progression/morphology (imaging)/treatment were recorded after verifying available documents. Thereafter patients were prospectively followed 6-mthly till June 2017. Patients who couldn't return were interviewed telephonically. Patients without complete data and those who lost to follow-up were excluded. Prospective data till June 2017 is presented. Chi-square test was performed for categorical variables; Student's 't' or the Mann Whitney U test was conducted for continuous variables. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify disease-related factors that imparted independent risk of development of diabetes. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the diabetes-free interval since onset of CP symptoms, and Cox-proportional hazards model to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval[CI]). Two-tailed 'p' value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

644 patients were enrolled, of which 137 were excluded. Of the 507 analysed patients, 312 (61.5%) had idiopathic CP. 283 (55.8%) patients underwent ductal clearance (ESWL/ERCP 232, drainage surgery 27, surgery following ESWL 24). 190 (37.5%) patients developed diabetes. Mean(SD) duration between onset of CP symptoms and ductal clearance was 3.4 (3.2) yrs. Alcohol intake and pancreatic ductal calculi were independently associated with the development of diabetes (OR[95% CI] of 2.01 [1.16–3.47], p=0.03 and 2.04 [1.38–3.01], p<0.0001 respectively). Kaplan-Meier estimate for diabetes free patients was significantly higher in the patients who underwent ductal clearance in patients with idiopathic CP (p=0.001 by Log-rank test), with a Hazard ratio (HR[95% CI]) of 2.01 (1.3–3.0), p=0.002 (figure 1). This was not significantly different for patients with non-idiopathic (alcohol ±smoking) CP.

Conclusions

Pancreatic ductal calculi increase the risk of diabetes in CP. Early ductal clearance of stones could prolong the diabetes-free interval in patients with idiopathic CP.
Novel nanodispersed coal liquefaction catalysts: Molecular design via microemulsion-based synthesis. Technical progress report, April 1992--June 1992

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this project is to pursue the development of highly dispersed and inexpensive catalysts for improved coal solubilization and upgrading of coal liquids. A novel study of the synthesis of liquefaction catalysts of manometer size will be carried out. It is based on the molecular design of reverse micelles (microemulsions). These surfactant-stabilized, metal-bearing microdrops offer unique opportunities for synthesizing very small particles by providing a cage-like effect that limits particle nucleation, growth and agglomeration. The emphasis will be on iron- and molybdenum-based catalysts, but the techniques to be developed should also be generally applicable. The size of these very small and monodispersed particles will be accurately determined both separately and after in situ and ex situ coal impregnation. The as-prepared nanoparticles as well as the catalyst-impregnated coal or char matrix will be characterized using the following techniques: dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning and/or transmission electron microscopy, and selective chemisorption. Catalytic activity tests will be conducted under standardized conditions in both hydrogenation and hydrodesulfurization reactions. The effect of particle size of these unsupported catalysts on the product yield and distribution during liquefaction of a bituminous and a subbituminous coal will thus be quantitatively determined.This quarter, the effect of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate concentration on the synthesis of molybdenum sulfide in the 0.15 M NP-5/cyclohexane/water microemulsion system is discussed.