jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Absorption Spectra and Photophysical Properties of a Series of Polypyridine Ligands\nContaining Appended Pyrenyl and Anthryl Chromophores and of Their Ruthenium(II) and\nOsmium(II) Complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The absorption spectra and luminescence properties (both in fluid solution at room temperature and in rigid\nmatrix at 77 K) of four polypyridine ligands substituted with pyrenyl and anthryl chromophores have been\ninvestigated, together with the same properties of 15 Ru(II) and Os(II) complexes prepared using the same\nligands. Absorption spectroscopy revealed that the various chromophores contribute to the overall absorption\nspectra of the mixed-chromophore species in a roughly additive way. The photophysical investigations allowed\nus to obtain information on several aspects. For example, in the mixed pyrene−anthracene bipyridine-based\nsystems, efficient singlet−singlet pyrene-to-anthracene energy transfer takes place, whereas the same process\ninvolving the triplet states is apparently not efficient, unless a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited-state mediates the process. The luminescence properties of the Ru(II) complexes are dominated by <sup>3</sup>MLCT\nlevels at room temperature (with a few exceptions, that is, the anthracene-containing species) and by pyrene-\nand/or anthracene-based triplet states at 77 K. However, at room-temperature, equilibration between <sup>3</sup>MLCT\nand pyrene triplets levels is established, and as a consequence, the luminescence lifetimes of the complexes\nare significantly prolonged (up to 18 μs for the species containing six pyrenyl chromophores). This excited-state lifetime prolongation is linearly related to the number of pyrenyl chromophores and is independent of\nconnectivity. The photophysical properties of the Os(II) complexes are dominated by <sup>3</sup>MLCT levels both at\nroom temperature and at 77 K. However, the anthryl chromophores clearly influence the excited-state lifetime\nof these complexes at room temperature. Indeed, although the anthracene-based triplet states lie at higher\nenergy than the <sup>3</sup>MLCT levels, an excited-state equilibration process is also established, as clearly demonstrated\nby transient absorption spectroscopy, and the luminescence lifetime is (slightly) extended.
Innovative Methodologies and Technologies forTraining and Assessment of Cognitive Functions Based on Peripersonal Visuospatial Behaviors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This thesis aims to illustrate a prototype for the assessment of cognitive functions, in particular visuospatial skills. Visuospatial skills allow us to interact within the surrounding environment, acquiring information about the spatial relationships of the objects and permitting us to correctly orientate ourselves between more-or-less known places and paths.
Spatial cognition deficits can have dramatic repercussions in people's lives, such in the case of Unilateral Spatial Neglect (USN), a spatial lateralization disorder due to posterior lesions of the right hemisphere, which alters the perception and the processing of stimuli placed in the left hemispace.
For a correct assessment of visuospatial disorders, psychologists often make use of diagnostic procedures based on the administration of classic psychological paper-and-pencil tests, that are those paper-based instruments that, whilst counting on a proven popularity among clinicians, they have some weak points such long administration time, the lack of parallel forms and the poor generalization to real-life scenarios.
An alternative to traditional paper-and-pencil tests is represented by ecological tests, so called for their intrinsic resemblance to daily-life experiences, which often require participants to interact with physical objects. An example is the Baking Tray Task (BTT), a task to assess the presence of USN, in which participants are asked to test their “cooking skills”, placing 16 objects on a surface as if they were buns/cookies to put on a baking tray .
In line with what has been just described, the current work has led to the creation of E-TOKEN, a platform that allows the administration of tasks (BTT included) designed to investigate the visuospatial cognition of people, through the use of tangible interfaces (concrete objects to manipulate) and an augmented reality system.
The BTT has been reproposed through E-TOKEN, which, thanks to its technology, is able to capture aspects of the performance of the participants (such the spatial coordinates of the objects arranged on the surface and their positioning sequence) previously undetectable. These characteristics allow to acquire new types of data useful to develop statistical measures and indexes capable of making the diagnosis more informative and to grasp clinically interesting aspects.
Through E-TOKEN, the data of 115 healthy participants and 9 patients with right hemispherical lesion were collected and used to create new statistics to enrich the diagnostic interpretation of the performance.
Some future developments of the prototype concern the possibility of recreating new types of tasks for the assessment, training and rehabilitation of spatial cognition skills (and other cognitive functions) of individuals, extending the audience and integrating an automated data analysis module immediately available for clinicians.
Fluorescence Spectral Studies on the Specific Interaction between Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans and Potato Lectin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

On excitation at 280 nm, Solanum tuberosum agglutinin (STA) produced a fluorescence emission spectrum with a maximum at 347 nm, which is typical of tryptophanyl residues. The fluorescence emission maximum was shifted toward shorter wavelength and quenched by the addition of specific sugars. The changes were analyzed precisely and quantitatively by measuring the fluorescence difference spectra. This method required far smaller amounts of samples than UV-difference spectroscopy to obtain the binding parameters. The binding constants of chitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, and highly sulfated keratan sulfate were calculated to be 1.8 X 10(5) M-1, 3.4 X 10(5) M-1, and 5.2 X 10(5) M-1, respectively. The results indicate that consecutive and non-consecutive, alternating (1 leads to 4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl residues in the glycosaminoglycans can interact freely with STA in spite of the existence of the sulfate groups at C-6 of the N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl residues and extra sulfate groups at C-6 of the galactosyl residues linked with N-acetyl-6-O-sulfo-beta-D-glucosamine.
Polyphenols and Ischemic Stroke: Insight into One of the Best Strategies for Prevention and Treatment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ischemic stroke (IS) is still among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The pathogenic mechanisms beyond its development are several and are complex and this is the main reason why a functional therapy is still missed. The beneficial effects of natural compounds against cardiovascular diseases and IS have been investigated for a long time. In this article, we reviewed the association between the most studied polyphenols and stroke protection in terms of prevention, effect on acute phase, and rehabilitation. We described experimental and epidemiological studies reporting the role of flavonols, phenolic acid, and stilbens on ischemic mechanisms leading to stroke. We analyzed the principal animal models used to evaluate the impact of these micronutrients to cerebral blood flow and to molecular pathways involved in oxidative stress and inflammation modulation, such as sirtuins. We reported the most significant clinical trials demonstrated as the persistent use of polyphenols is clinically relevant in terms of the reduction of vascular risk factors for IS, such as Atrial Fibrillation. Interestingly, different kinds of polyphenols provide brain protection by activating different pathways and mechanisms, like inducing antithrombotic effect, such as Honokiol. For this reason, we discussed an appropriate integrative use of them as a possible therapeutic alternative against stroke.
Ganglion impar block in patients with chronic coccydynia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Coccydynia refers to pain in the terminal segment of the spinecaused by abnormal sitting and standing posture. Coccydynia is usually managed conservatively, however in nonresponsive patients, ganglion impar block is used as a good alternate modality for pain relief. This article studies the effect of ganglion impar block in coccydynia patients who were not relieved by conservative management. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at the pain clinic in the departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Radiology in a tertiary centre in India.It was a prospective hospital-based study, in which 35 patients with coccydynia were considered for fluoroscopy-guided trans-sacro-coccygeal ganglion impar block. The outcome assessment was done using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores for a follow-up period of 6 months. Of the 35 patients, 4 were lost to follow-up. Analysis was done usingthe data from the remaining 31 patients. Results: The mean age of the patients suffering from chronic coccydynia was 42.9 ± 8.39 years, and patients' age range was 28–57 years. The mean score of NRS and ODI before the procedure was 7.90 ± 0.16 and 48.97 ± 1.05, respectively. The interquartile range (IQR) of NRS score remained almost unchanged during pre and postprocedure, however, IQR of ODI varied during the pre and post procedural events. The NRS and ODI scores immediately after the procedure decreased drastically showing significant pain relief in patients, and the difference of scores till the end of study was statistically significant. Conclusion: This study recommends the trans-sacro-coccygeal “needle inside needle” technique for local anesthetic block of the ganglion impar for pain relief in patients with coccydynia. This should be integrated with rehabilitative measures including ergonomical modification for prolonging pain free period.
Salt tectonics as a self‐organizing process: A reaction, transport, and mechanics model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Salt tectonics is placed within the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems. Features such as waves, diapirs, and tears are viewed as natural consequences of the symmetry breaking instabilities and related self‐organized dynamics of the deforming salt body coupled to the reaction, transport, and mechanics of the surrounding sediments. The fundamental nonlinearities are in the surrounding‐rock and salt rheology. Our findings are based on a coupled RTM model simulated using finite element techniques. The centerpiece of the rheology of both rocks and salt is a nonlinear incremental stress formulation that integrates poroelasticity, continuous irreversible mechanical deformation (with yield behavior), pressure solution, and fracturing. In contrast to previously presented studies, in our approach the descriptive variables of all solid and fluid phases (stress, velocity, concentrations, etc.) and porous media (texture, i.e., volume fractions, composition, etc.) are solved from RTM equations accounting for interactions and interdependencies between them. The role of the coupling between the spatial distribution of sediment input rate and diapir growth and stalling is examined as is the creation of an array of salt tectonic minibasins.
Formation and Mitigation of BaSO<sub>4</sub> Scale in Oil Fields

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The deposition of BaSO 4 scale is always found in the oilfield. It is difficult to be removed. Therefore, it plays a negative role to the production. The effects of temperature and water chemistry on BaSO 4 scale have been investigated by using the conductivity method in this work. An environment-friendly copolymer was prepared to control the scaling of BaSO 4 . The copolymer was proved by static scale inhibition method, and weight-loss test that it has excellent scale inhibition performance and corrosion inhibition efficiency. Furthermore, FTIR spectra was used to prove that the scale inhibitor was polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA).
Leadership, Knowledge Management and Employee Commitment: Mediating Role of Crisis Management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose: Using crisis management as a mediator between leadership skills, knowledge management, and employee commitment, the study examines the role of crisis management in UAE public sector organizations. In order to motivate employees and keep them committed, supportive leadership skills and knowledge are required. However, crisis management if managed through proper knowledge and skilled leadership develops employee commitment which is highly needed in the times of crisis. Theoretical framework: Managing knowledge and leadership skills during crisis situations can only be achieved if employees are able to effectively manage them. Design/methodology/approach: Using SMART PLS3, a structural equation modeling approach has been used to analyze the collected data in order to meet the objectives of the study. Findings: Likewise, crisis management significantly moderates the relationship between leadership, knowledge management, and employee commitment. Leadership, knowledge management, and employee commitment are strongly related. Research, Practical & Social implications: Despite genuine efforts, this study constraint persists. First, the study's sole focus is on employee commitment during times of crisis, and knowledge management is a crucial component of this. Also examined were aspects of knowledge management that affect employee commitment in detail. Originality/value: In this study, crisis management as a mediator was added to the theory and the matrix based on the knowledge-based view of crisis response leadership.
Formation of Educational Expectations of Lower Socioeconomic Status Children

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediation effects of children’s cognitive and noncognitive traits on the relationship between dropout mothers’ traits and their children’s educational expectations and to examine the interaction effects of dropout mothers’ General Education Development (GED) on children’s traits and educational expectations. The data were drawn from a series of National Longitudinal Survey Data. This study demonstrated the effect of mothers’ self-esteem on children’s educational expectations, which were mediated through children’s cognitive ability and self-esteem after controlling for the mothers’ cognitive ability, self-esteem, and socioeconomic status. Furthermore, mothers’ GED attainment moderated the relationship between children’s self-esteem and educational expectations. These findings provide better understanding of the intergenerational connections between cognitive and noncognitive traits and educational expectations.
A case report on improving masticatory performance, via modification of the denture base, introducing an appropriate periphery and shape

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

症例の概要：患者は67歳女性，上下無歯顎で，下顎義歯の維持不良を主訴に来院した．下顎全部床義歯の機能時維持不良による咀嚼障害と診断し，新義歯を製作する上で，機能時に十分な辺縁封鎖が得られるような適切な床形態を付与することで咀嚼障害の改善を図った．
CO 2 Laser Gain And Energy Extraction Using 12 C And 13 C Isotopes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A single-pulse closed volume discharge has been used to characterize the amplification properties of 12C1602 and 13C1602 laser gas mixes. Small signal gain data were obtained from vibrational fluorescence measurements of standard and isotopic laser mixtures under identical pulsed pumping conditions. The variation of the peak gain and post-pump decay rate with CO2 partial pressure and pulse length is discussed. The experimental measurements are compared with the predictions of a kinetics model of the excitation and deactivation processes in a CO2 laser. For both 12CO2 and 13CO2, the calculated decay rates are found to be in good agreement with the experimental values. The modeling results also predict a crossover point from g(13CO2) > g(12CO2) to g(13CO2) < g(12CO2) at pulse lengths near 60 microseconds for a pressure of 1 atm and a 7.7He:2N2:1CO2 gas mixture. The effects of total pressure and gas mixture composition on the crossover point and on energy extraction are discussed.
An all-at-once factorial method to optimize dip-pen deposition of liquid protein inks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An all-at-once factorial method is presented, which optimizes protein ink deposition using microfabricated pens by identifying the pen design which writes the greatest number of uniform-size spots or droplets without re-inking. Pen features associated with capillary ink transport are varied according to statistical design-of-experiment (SDOE) principles, and evaluated using a special 1D pen array of twelve pens. Variable parameter pens are bracketed by control pens. Each pen array element embodies one component of the SDOE matrix. All parameters are evaluated simultaneously with a single droplet writing pass. Results can also be evaluated simultaneously, leading to rapid choice of those pen parameters which deliver the greatest number of printed features having the smallest coefficient of variation.
A systematic review of the limitations and associated opportunities of ChatGPT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This systematic review explores the limitations and opportunities associated with ChatGPT's application across various fields. Following a rigorous screening process of 485 studies identified through searches in Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and IEEE Xplore databases, 33 high-quality empirical studies were selected for analysis. The review identifies five key limitations: accuracy and reliability concerns, limitations in critical thinking and problem-solving, multifaceted impacts on learning and development, technical constraints related to input and output, and ethical, legal, and privacy concerns. However, the review also highlights five exciting opportunities: educational support and skill development, workflow enhancement, information retrieval, natural language interaction and assistance, and content creation and ideation. While this review provides valuable insights, it also highlights some gaps. Limited transparency in the studies regarding specific ChatGPT versions used hinders generalizability. Additionally, the extent to which these findings can be transferred to more advanced models like ChatGPT-4 remains unclear. By acknowledging both limitations and opportunities, this review offers a foundation for researchers, developers, and practitioners to consider when exploring the potential and responsible application of ChatGPT and similar evolving AI tools.
Natural history of primary syphilis: clinical and serological aspects of chancre concurrent with Follmann’s balanitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Primary syphilis is classically represented by a hard chancre, but other rare forms such as Follmann's balanitis are occasionally described. Objective: To show an iconography of the clinical presentations of the classic hard chancre and Follmann's balanitis, in parallel with the serological results in the course of diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Descriptive case report of a patient of an outpatient clinic for sexually transmitted infections in a tertiary hospital in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Conclusion: Syphilis lesions acquire different clinical expressions according to the natural evolution of the disease. Recognizing these presentations, as well as knowing how to interpret the serological results, is essential for the diagnosis and adequate treatment of the infection.
State-of-the-art Overview of Biological Treatment of Polluted Water from Rice Mills and Imminent Technologies with Green Energy Retrieval

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Rice milling involves shelling and polishing paddy grains to produce rice- both raw and parboiled. Parboiled rice production requires a massive quantity of freshwater for soaking, which, in turn, generates a large amount of wastewater. If this wastewater is not properly ameliorated, it can cause tremendous troubles of surface water pollution, land pollution, and, ultimately, groundwater pollution. Therefore, proper treatment of polluted water from rice mills (PWRM) as per the effluent discharge norms is necessary to protect the surface and subsurface water resources for sustainable development. There are two methods for remediating rice mill wastewater- physicochemical and biological. The biological methods produce comparatively less sludge and are cost-effective. Moreover, these processes are capable of retrieving green energy in the form of biomethane, biohydrogen, and bioelectricity to augment bio-fuel production, aiming to meet the ever-increasing fuel demands caused by rapid industrialization, motorization, and urbanization. The focus on green energy production is gaining momentum day by day due to the adverse effects of conventional energy derived from fossil fuel combustion in terms of enhanced Air Pollution Index (API) in the ambient atmosphere. In this paper, anaerobic biodegradation, phytoremediation, phyco-remediation, and microbial fuel cell techniques adopted by various researchers for remediating the polluted water from rice mills have been well addressed and critically discussed. The pros and cons of these biological methods have been well addressed to assess the socio-technoeconomic feasibility of each method.
Adipocyte abundances of CES1, CRYAB, ENO1 and GANAB are modified in-vitro by glucose restriction and are associated with cellular remodelling during weight regain

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Long-term weight loss maintenance is a problem of overweight and obesity. Changes of gene expression during weight loss (WL) by calorie restriction (CR) are linked to the risk of weight regain (WR). However, detailed information on genes/proteins involved in the mechanism is still lacking. Therefore, we developed an in-vitro model system for glucose restriction (GR) and refeeding (RF) to uncover proteome differences between GR with RF vs normal feeding, of which we explored the relation with WR after WL. Human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome cells were subjected to changing levels of glucose to mimic the condition of CR and RF. Proteome profiling was performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. This in-vitro model revealed 44 proteins differentially expressed after GR and RF versus feeding including proteins of the focal adhesions. Four proteins showed a persistent up- or down-regulation: liver carboxylesterase (CES1), mitochondrial superoxide dismutase [Mn] (SOD2), alpha-crystallin B-chain (CRYAB), alpha-enolase (ENO1). In-vivo weight loss-induced RNA expression changes linked CES1, CRYAB and ENO1 to WR. Moreover, of these 44 proteins, CES1 and glucosidase II alpha subunit (GANAB) during follow up correlated with WR. Correlation clustering of in-vivo protein expression data indicated an interaction of these proteins with structural components of the focal adhesions and cytoplasmic filaments in the adipocytes.