jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study of Whether Online Review Platforms Convey Valid Quality Information

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The escape room, as an emerging popular live-action entertainment project in recent years, has become more and more popular among the young generation. Online review platforms have become one of the important channels to disseminate quality information to consumers in this emerging industry. However, critics doubt the credibility of the online platform as a reliable information channel and its influence on consumer choices of escape rooms. Do online review platforms convey valid quality information to the public? Are the prices of coupons an illusion? We seek to answer these questions by investigating the MeiTuan platform, one of the leading online review platforms in China. We apply the method of NLP technics to extract high-frequency words from customer reviews and use linear regression to measure the effect of prices on discount rates. We observe that there was no significant correlation between the store's ratings and the type and the number of coupons the store offered. However, customers with different ratings have different claims in their reviews. Moreover, a price increase has a negligible impact on the discount rate, implying that the platform almost uses a unified discount pricing strategy.
Practice Current: What is your diagnostic evaluation of cryptogenic stroke?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cryptogenic stroke (CS) accounts for up to one-third of cases of stroke or TIA.1 CS is defined as brain infarction not attributable to a source of definite cardioembolism, large artery atherosclerosis, or small artery disease despite extensive vascular, cardiac, and serologic evaluation.2 Patients with CS are heterogeneous by definition and the pathogenic mechanism of CS remains contested. Some authors have stressed the potential role of occult embolism as the prominent etiology for CS and have identified a subset of cases of CS as embolic strokes of undetermined source, defined as a nonlacunar brain infarct without proximal arterial stenosis or cardioembolic sources.3 This point of view is not shared by others, who believe there is insufficient evidence to support the hypothesis that CS is often caused by occult embolism.4
Presenting the mash-up progress at higher education and its basic functions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Today mash-ups have been accepted by many users and by many organizations. The development of mash-ups is everywhere, yet until now there has been insufficient research and development of mash-up applications for use in the Higher Education. In this work, we focus on mash-ups in the Higher Education: its potential, how to provide training for users, and how to assess its effectiveness in the dissemination of information. Mash-up architecture consists of three main components: first is the content?service provider, second is the provider of the editor used to create the mash-up, and lastly is the server that hosts it and the client to whom the mash-up results are presented.
Habitat manipulation for sustainable management of Philaenus spumarius, the main vector of Xylella fastidiosa in Europe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background The unexpected Xylella fastidiosa ( Xf ) outbreak in Europe has led to aggressive management of the disease in recent years. As there is no cure for infected plants, management of vector populations is mandatory to contain the spread of Xf in infected areas. We aimed to assess the suitability of plant species commonly used as cover crops for the population growth of Philaenus spumarius L. (Aphrophoridae) . Thus, we conducted a series of no‐choice and multiple‐choice assays to assess the oviposition preference of P. spumarius adults as well as the development and mortality rate of nymphs on 10 candidate plant species under laboratory and semi‐field conditions. Our results will help to design ecological infrastructures, including a pull‐push strategy for effective management of Xf vectors in olive groves. Results Results showed that Anthriscus cerefolium is a suitable plant to enhance oviposition but has a lethal effect on the first nymphal instars of P. spumarius . Moreover, Diplotaxis tenuifolia is not suitable for oviposition or nymphal development. Sinapis alba does not enhance oviposition but is suitable for nymphal development with a medium‐high cumulative mortality of the nymphs. Conversely, adults and nymphs had a high preference and low mortality on Taraxacum officinale, and nymphs showed a medium‐high preference on Lavandula angustifolia , suggesting that these two species should be avoided as ground cover plants on Xf ‐susceptible crops. Conclusion The results obtained in our study open new ways to manage the vectors of Xf by using specific plant species as ground cover, which in turn will reduce the spread and prevalence of Xf . © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sortase‐Mediated Multi‐Fragment Assemblies by Ligation Site Switching

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Sortase‐mediated ligation (SML) is a powerful tool of protein chemistry allowing the ligation of peptides containing LPxTG sorting motifs and N‐terminal glycine nucleophiles. The installation of a sorting motif into the product prohibits the assembly of multiple fragments by SML. Here we report multi‐fragment SML based on switchable sortase substrates. Substitution of the Leu residue by disulfide‐containing Cys(StBu) results in active sorting motifs, which are inactivatable by reduction. In combination with a photo‐protected N‐Gly nucleophile, multi‐fragment SML is enabled by repetitive cycles of SML and ligation site switching. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated by a proof‐of‐concept four‐fragment ligation, the assembly of peptide probes for bivalent chromatin binding proteins and oligomerization of peptide antigens. Biochemical and immuno‐assays demonstrated functionality of these probes rendering them promising tools for immunology and chromatin biochemistry.
Developing Evidence-Based Alternatives to Dual Salary Systems

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract. The United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8.5 aims to “achieve equal pay for work of equal value” globally by 2030. This goal conflicts with a widespread and continuing practice of paying skilled workers from higher-income economies working in lower-income settings more than their host worker counterparts. This brief summarizes research that has found that dual salaries undermine host colleagues' sense of wage justice, work motivation, and team relations. At organizational levels, they fuel turnover, increase brain drain, and reduce mental well-being of workers. Higher ratios fuel a “double demotivation” – extending to international staff who overrate their own abilities and reduce their effort at work. International, multisector evidence shows conventional dual salaries to be neither compatible nor to align with the SDGs. Organizational options for meeting SDG 8.5 identified in civil society groups include reducing dual salary ratios and implementing single salary systems at a national level. We offer three macro policy frameworks (Project Fair's Principles and Standards of INGO Fair Reward, the UN Global Compact, and OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises) that can serve to render salary systems more facilitative of the SDGs and the Decent Work Agenda.
Mutated GM‐CSF‐based CAR‐T cells targeting CD116/CD131 complexes exhibit enhanced anti‐tumor effects against acute myeloid leukaemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives As the prognosis of relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains poor, novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. Clinical trials have shown that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cells for AML are more challenging than those targeting CD19 in B‐cell malignancies. We recently developed piggyBac ‐modified ligand‐based CAR‐T cells that target CD116/CD131 complexes, also known as the GM‐CSF receptor (GMR), for the treatment of juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia. This study therefore aimed to develop a novel therapeutic method for R/R AML using GMR CAR‐T cells. Methods To further improve the efficacy of the original GMR CAR‐T cells, we have developed novel GMR CAR vectors incorporating a mutated GM‐CSF for the antigen‐binding domain and G4S spacer. All GMR CAR‐T cells were generated using a piggyBac ‐based gene transfer system. The anti‐tumor effect of GMR CAR‐T cells was tested in mouse AML xenograft models. Results Nearly 80% of the AML cells predominant in myelomonocytic leukaemia were found to express CD116. GMR CAR‐T cells exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against CD116 + AML cells in vitro . Furthermore, GMR CAR‐T cells incorporating a G4S spacer significantly improved long‐term in vitro and in vivo anti‐tumor effects. By employing a mutated GM‐CSF at residue 21 (E21K), the anti‐tumor effects of GMR CAR‐T cells were also improved especially in long‐term in vitro settings. Although GMR CAR‐T cells exerted cytotoxic effects on normal monocytes, their lethality on normal neutrophils, T cells, B cells and NK cells was minimal. Conclusions GMR CAR‐T cell therapy represents a promising strategy for CD116 + R/R AML.
Flow‐Injection Analysis of Residual Glucose in Wines Using a Semiautomatic Analyzer Equipped with a Prussian Blue‐Based Biosensor

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Prussian Blue modified glassy‐carbon (GC) electrode assembled with glucose oxidase (GOD) immobilized in Nafion on the top of the electrode surface area has been inserted in a wall‐jet cell connected to a semiautomatic analyzer, which controls all the operations for carrier buffer, flow and sample injection. The Prussian Blue based glucose biosensor inserted in the FIA analyzer has shown linear response to glucose at an applied potential of 0.0 V (Ag/AgCl) in the range of 10 −6 –10 −3 M. Residual glucose has been detected in red and white wines. A dilution of 1 : 1000 has been used for all the wines tested. Neither matrix effect, nor electrochemical interferences were observed. A comparison with a spectrophotometric glucose kit gave excellent correlation for levels of glucose detected. FIA analyzer compared with the standard analytical kit resulted in simplified procedures and a reduced time for the analysis.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Two Stay Two Stray Berbantuan Media Video Youtube Terhadap Keterampilan Siswa Kelas X Dalam Menulis Teks Eskposisi Di SMAS Budisatrya Medan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of the research is to determine the superiority of students in writing persuasive texts This research is useful to determine the ability to write expository text before and after using the Two Stay Two Stray model assisted by YouTube video media and to determine the effect of using the Two Stay Two Stray model assisted by YouTube video media on the skills of writing expository text in Class X SMAS Budisatrya students. This research applies an experimental method with a one group pre-test post-test design. The population in this research was 68 class X SMAS Budisatrya students and a sample of 32 class X IPS 2 students. Data analysis techniques include normality testing and hypothesis testing. The results of the research show that the average value of students' skills before using the Two Stay Two Stray model assisted by YouTube video media is 39.69, which is classified as very poor, while the average value of students' skills after using the Two Stay Two Stray model assisted by YouTube video media is 78.75 is classified as good. Based on the t test, the value obtained at the significant level α = 0.05 obtained the t table value of 9.53 and the result of t = 2.040. So, tcount>ttable is 9.53>2.040 so h0 is rejected and ha is accepted. Thus, the results of this research are: 1) the ability to write expository text before using the Two Stay Two Stray model assisted by YouTube video media is classified as very poor. 2) the ability to write expository text after using the Two Stay Two Stray model assisted by YouTube video media is in the good category. 3) There is a significant influence from the use of the Two Stay Two Stray model assisted by YouTube video media on expository text writing skills in Class X SMAS Budisatrya students.
Crystal structures and photochemistry of α-cyclopentyl-4-carboxypropiophenone and α-cyclooctyl-4-carboxypropiophenone–acetic acid (1:1 mixed carboxylic acid dimer)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

C 15 H 18 O 3 cristallise dans P1 avec affinement jusqu'a 0,076. C 18 H 24 O 3 •C 2 H 4 O 2 cristallise dans P1 avec affinement jusqu'a 0,044. Les propiophenones occupent les positions equatoriales sur les cycles alkyl avec les parametres moleculaires sont favorables a une reaction photochimique par abstraction d'hydrogene
HAEMATOPORPHYRIN‐TREATED MURINE LYMPHOCYTES: IN VITRO INHIBITION OF DNA SYNTHESIS AND LIGHT‐MEDIATED INACTIVATION OF CELLS RESPONSIBLE FOR GVHR*

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract— It has been known that haemoatoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) has a preferential distribution in tissues with high mitotic index. Furthermore, cytocidal activity of light activated Hpd within the cells has been exploited in the therapy of experimental and human cancer. It is reported here that maximum, long lasting, although reversible, inhibition of DNA synthesis was obtained in Hpd‐treated lymphocytes. However, Hpd‐treated lymphoid cells did not stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes in the primary mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) culture. Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated murine lymphocytes treated with Hpd and exposed to laser light have shown higher susceptibility to lysis than resting, PHA unstimulated, lymphocytes. In vitro DBA/2 stimulated C57 lymphocytes, inoculated into X‐irradiated BD2F 1 mice, upon Hpd treatment followed by exposure to light, did not cause a lethal graft vs. host reaction (GVHR). Haematoporphyrin derivative was preferentially incorporated by large and metabolically active cells. inhibited the incorporation of [ 3 H]‐thymidine in the lymphocyte nucleus and could be exploited to selectively remove blast cells from resting lymphocytes.
Characterisation and cross-amplification of sex-specific genetic markers in Australasian Egerniinae lizards and their implications for understanding the evolution of sex determination and social complexity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sex is a pervasive factor that underpins functional phenotypic variation across a range of traits. Although sex can usually be distinguished morphologically, in some species this is not possible. The development of genetic markers for sex identification is, thus, key if we are to incorporate sex into an understanding of ecological or evolutionary process. Here we develop genetic markers for the identification of sex within an iconic Australian lizard group, the Egernia group, which is notable for its complex social behaviour. We used restriction-site associated DNA sequencing to characterise sex-specific genetic sequences for a key member of the group, Liopholis whitii, and designed primers for four of these putative sex-specific sequences. These primers amplified across some, but not all, species of the group. Our results provided several important insights. They suggest conservatism of a XX/XY sex determination system within the group as well as sex-specific genomic regions that appear independent of the conserved genomic regions identified in other skink species. More broadly, the development of sex markers for the Egernia group opens up a range of potential research questions related to the role that sex plays in the mediation of social behaviour and, through this, the emergence and stability of social life.
Estimation of articulatory gesture patterns from speech acoustics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We investigated dynamic programming (DP) and statemodel (SM) approaches for estimating gestural scores from speech acoustics. We performed a word-identification task using the gestural pattern vector sequences estimated by each approach. For a set of 75 randomly chosen words, we obtained the best word-identification accuracy (66.67%) using the DP approach. This result implies that considerable support for lexical access during speech perception might be provided by such a method of recovering gestural information from acoustics. Index Terms: gestural patterns, acoustic to gesture inversion
The effect of very frequent milking and of oxytocin on the yield and composition of milk in fed and fasted goats

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

1. The effect of milking goats 1‐4 times an hour for 3‐12 hr on the yield and composition of milk has been studied in fed and fasted animals at all stages of lactation. 2. It was essential to inject oxytocin (50‐400 m‐u. I.V. ) just before each milking to remove all the milk already in the udder and then the yield was similar to that obtained on twice daily milking (105 ± 2·1 S.E. %). There were no significant differences between goats or between the two glands of one goat, even if one had been denervated by autotransplantation. However, the variation from hour to hour was 1·5 times greater than from day to day. 3. The claim of Zaks (1964) and Zaks, Natochin, Sokolova, Tanasichuk & Tverskoy (1965) that milking every 15 min always produces a large rise in milk Na and a fall in K and lactose, which is characteristic of alveolar milk, is not substantiated. In high yielding goats milking gently by hand or with a cannula caused a small change in K only, but vigorous hand milking exacerbated this fall and also caused a fall in lactose and a rise in Na and Cl. Still larger changes were produced by using excessively large doses of oxytocin (2500 m‐u.) when there was also a rise in citrate and total nitrogen. Hourly milking in goats fasted for 24 hr had the same effect. 4. In fasted goats the milk yield fell to 90% within 8 hr and to 56 ± 2·1% of the previous level by 24 hr. It remained at this level for a further 10‐12 hr on twice daily or on hourly milking. The yields of autotransplanted glands usually fell slightly but significantly more than that of the glands in situ . In most goats mammary blood flow was halved but in all animals there were large falls in mammary uptake of glucose, acetate and amino acids and greatly increased uptake of free fatty acids. There were significant differences between fasted goats on hourly milking. 5. It is concluded that, in spite of changes in milk composition, milking hourly can be a useful technique for studying milk secretion. The striking effects of a short fast in a lactating animal are emphasized.
High-speed microactuation in a supersonic dual-stream jet flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Supersonic shear layers experience instabilities that generate significant adverse effects; in complex configurations, these instabilities have global impacts as they foster compounding complications with other independent flow features. We consider the flow near the exit of a dual-stream rectangular nozzle. The supersonic core and sonic bypass streams mix downstream of a splitter plate trailing edge (SPTE) just above an adjacent deck. We perform two-dimensional direct numerical simulations with laminar inflow conditions to parametrically explore the influence of active flow control, considering various actuation angles and locations. The goal is to alleviate the prominent tone associated with vortices shed at the SPTE; these vortices initiate an unsteady shock system that affects the entire flow field through a shock-induced separation and the downstream evolution of plume shear layers. Resolvent analysis is performed on the baseline flow. The identified optimal response guides the placement of steady-blowing actuators. Since the resolvent analysis fundamentally investigates the input–output dynamics of a system, it is also utilized to uncover actuation-induced changes in the forcing–response dynamics. Spectral analysis shows that the baseline flow fluctuating energy is concentrated in the shedding instability. Actuating at optimal angles based on location disperses this energy into various flow features; this affects the shedding itself, and the structure and unsteadiness of the shock system, and thus the response of the deck and nozzle wall boundary layers and the plume. The resolvent analysis indicates, and Navier–Stokes solutions confirm, that favourable control is obtained by either indirectly or directly mitigating the baseline instability.
The systematic wood anatomy of the Moraceae (Uriticales). V. Genera of the tribe Moreae without urticaceous stamens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The wood anatomy of the Moreae without urticaceous stamens is described in detail. Generic descriptions of the following genera are provided: Antiaropsis, Artocarpus, Bagassa, Batocarpus, Clarisia, Parartocarpus, Poulsenia, Prainea, Sorocea, Sparattosyce, and Treculia. Wood anatomical variation below the genus level is very limited, except in the genus Clarisia. Intergeneric variation, however, is much more evident. Most genera can be recognised by the presence or absence of septate fibres, and of radial latex tubes, the size of the intervascular pits, the parenchyma distribution, and crystal distribution. The diagnostic and taxonomic value of several characters is discussed.
Structural Studies of Two Bioactive Furanosesquiterpenes From Cryptocarya densiflora (Lauraceae)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The structures of two bioactive germacranolide furanosesquiterpenes from Cryptocarya densiflora B1. ( Lauraceae ) have been determined by X-ray crystallogaphic methods and have been shown to correspond to linderane and pseudolinderadine. The ambiguity regarding the stereochemistry of the C1-C2 epoxide in pseudolinderadine is clarified. This compound has not been reported previously as a natural product.
Quasi-stationary distribution for the Langevin process in cylindrical domains, part II: overdamped limit

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Consider the Langevin process, described by a vector (positions and momenta) in $\mathbb{R}^{d}\times\mathbb{R}^d$. Let $\mathcal O$ be a $\mathcal{C}^2$ open bounded and connected set of $\mathbb{R}^d$. Recent works showed the existence of a unique quasi-stationary distribution (QSD) of the Langevin process on the domain $D:=\mathcal{O}\times\mathbb{R}^d$. In this article, we study the overdamped limit of this QSD, i.e. when the friction coefficient goes to infinity. In particular, we show that the marginal law in position of the overdamped limit is the QSD of the overdamped Langevin process on the domain $\mathcal{O}$.