jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Immunoassay Methods for the Screening of Cocaine Metabolites in Urine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Immunoassay kits for urine cocaine (and metabolite) screening, obtained from two commercial sources, were examined for correlation of their results, expressed in terms of equivalent benzoylecgonine concentration, with the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) concentration of benzoylecgonine. The correlation coefficients obtained, based on 62 (out of a total sample population of 3295) highly relevant samples, were 0.467 and 0.766 for Abuscreen® (ARIA) and TDx® (TDX), respectively. The preliminary screen cutoff values, which correspond to 150 ng/mL benzoylecgonine (as determined by GC/MS), were calculated based on the resulting regression equations and found to be 380 and 190 ng/mL for ARIA and TDX, respectively. With these cutoff values, ARIA generates 5 false negatives and 16 unconfirmed presumptive positives, while TDX results in 3 false negatives and 6 unconfirmed presumptive positives.
Protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in bovine oocyte activation.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A fecundação resulta no aumento intracelular de cálcio que é necessário para a transição do oócito até o estádio de zigoto. Os eventos que ocorrem durante esta transição são caracterizados como ativação, sendo estes dependentes de cálcio. Entretanto, os eventos bioquímicos que ocorrem durante a ativação ainda não estão completamente elucidados. A proteína quinase C (PKC) e a proteína quinase dependente de cálcio/calmodulina (CaMKII), por apresentarem atividade durante a fecundação e por serem ativadas por cálcio são implicadas na regulação dos eventos da ativação. Entretanto, existem muitas dúvidas sobre o real papel destas proteínas na ativação do oócito. Deste modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o papel da PKC e da CaMKII na ativação de oócitos bovinos. Para tal, oócitos bovinos maturados in vitro foram ativados partenogeneticamente (AP) com cálcio ionóforo A23187 (5μM) por 5 minutos, sendo a retomada da meiose, a organização do citoesqueleto e do retículo endoplasmático (RE) avaliada 1 hora após a ativação. No experimento 1 foi avaliado o papel da CaMKII nestes eventos. Os oócitos foram AP na presença ou ausência de 100M do inibidor de CaMKII (Autocamtide-2 Related Inhibitory Peptide, Myristoylated). A inibição da CaMKII não afetou a retomada da meiose e nem a distribuição dos RE, após a AP. Entretanto, não ocorreu a rotação do fuso meiótico no estádio de telófase II quando a CaMKII foi inibidada. Estes resultados demonstram que embora a CaMKII não tenha efeito na retomada da meiose, esta proteína participa na progressão do ciclo celular de oócitos bovinos, após a AP. No experimento 2 foi avaliado o papel da PKC em oócitos bovinos AP. Os oócitos foram ativados partenogeneticamente na presença ou ausência de 10μM do inibidor de PKC (Bisindolymaleimide I). A inibição da PKC não afetou a retomada da meiose e nem a progressão pelo ciclo celular até o estádio de telófase II. Entretanto, a organização do RE foi afetada pela inibição da PKC. Resultado semelhante foi obtido quando os oócitos foram ativados na presença de citocalasina C, um despolimerizador de filamentos de actina. O presente experimento demonstra a participação da via PKC-actina na organização do RE na ativação de oócitos bovinos.
Loss of natural heritage from the geomorphological perspective – Do geomorphic processes shape or destroy the natural heritage?

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This study deals with geomorphological natural features (geomorphosites) relative to the natural processes that create, shape, or destroy such features. As a rule, geomorphologic processes are geographical constants in the landscape although some, due to their high magnitude or low frequency of occurrence, can be seen as an exception (e.g., natural disasters). The importance of geomorphosites is relative to their size, rarity (spatial distribution), and duration (existence in time), which depend on both the frequency and magnitude of geomorphological processes and on the standards of the observer. Human influence and perception of geomorphosites is also important in this regard.
The effect of negative policy rates on the interest-rate pass-through mechanism in the eurozone

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the impact of the June 2014 switch to negative interest rates (NIRs) by the European Central Bank (ECB) on the operation of the eurozone interest-rate pass-through (IRPT) mechanism. We focus on the relationship between major central-bank policy rates and selected money-market rates. That link is identified as the first stage of the IRPT mechanism and its dynamics are analysed using Granger causality and cointegration techniques for the time period January 2000–June 2017. Our empirical findings indicate a feedback relationship between the ECB policy and the money-market rates in the period prior to June 2014, but that relationship is non-operative when considering only the period of NIRs.
Additional file 1: of Urinary chitinase 3-like protein 1 for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury: a prospective cohort study in adult critically ill patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental data. This file provides all details on the study methods (Supplemental Text S1 and Tables S3A-F) and on additional analyses not included in the manuscript (Supplemental Text S2, Tables S4A-I and Figure Legends S1-S4). It also contains the Supplemental Tables S1, S2, S5-S8, to which we refer in the manuscript. (PDF 628 kb)
FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROFESSIONAL SATISFACTION OF GRADUATE TEACHERS IN THE DENUWARA EDUCATION ZONE IN SRI LANKA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research was conducted using a survey method with the primary objective of uncovering the factors that affect the professional satisfaction of a teacher. Seven hundred teachers from 1AB and 1C schools belonging to the Denuwara Zonal Office in the Central Province of Sri Lanka were randomly selected to collect data through questionnaire. Maslow's theory of interests was used as the theoretical basis. According to the data obtained from the questionnaires, the teacher-student relationship was the leading factor affecting the professional satisfaction of teachers; salary was presented as the second, while the leadership given by the principal was the third most important factor. It was clear from teacher feedback that internal and external supervision was not an important factor in professional satisfaction. Factors such as congestion in the classroom, shortage of teachers, available physical and human resources as well as other facilities, curriculum, parental support and community relations were revealed as unsatisfactory factors. It was also found that there is a significant difference in the analysis depending on the type of teacher response degree. Thus, it can be concluded that the teacher-student relationship and salary factors have a positive effect on the professional satisfaction of graduate teachers. Recommendations have been made to bring school alumni to school regularly and to increase teachers' salaries.
Hybrid CPM and CAM Physiotherapy Device by Using Intelligent Feedback Control

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Continuous passive motion (CPM) and continuous active motion (CAM) physiotherapy devices are commonly used to promote rehabilitation of damaged synovial joints. CPM devices use an electric motor to move the joint through a range of motion (ROM) without muscle activity of the patient. CAM devices use some form of mechanical resistance to patient muscle activity. This paper presents a combined CAM/CPM device which functions conventionally in the CPM mode, but in the CAM mode uses the motor to exert a constant force against patient activity, simulating the effect of a spring load. In the CAM mode, the motor is embedded in a feedback loop with two sensors, one a force sensor, the other an angular position sensor. The simulated-spring-load system operation is smooth and natural. Recording is detailed. Enhancement of the operating program would allow detailed recording and analysis of patient tremor, micro-tremor, moments of weakness, etc, for advanced diagnosis of patients. The presented design will be of use for diagnosis, therapy and research.
Synthesis of the Tris-oxazole Ring System of Ulapualides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Using three molecules of serine, three sequential oxazoline cyclisation-oxidation reactions, i.e. 2→5, 7→9, 10→11, are used to elaborate the novel tris-oxazole ring system found in the ulapualide family, e.g. 1, of marine metabolites.
Religiosity, spirituality, and cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress: A systematic review

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress may be an underlying mechanism that links religiosity and spirituality to better cardiovascular health. However, studies examining religiosity, spirituality and cardiovascular reactivity to acute stress have inconsistent findings; further whether it is religiosity or spirituality or both that is driving reported effects is not clear. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review of the literature examining religiosity and/or spirituality and cardiovascular reactions to acute stress. Electronic databases were systematically searched (PubMed, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, CINAHL and Web of Science). After removal of duplicates, screening titles and abstracts, twelve peer-reviewed studies were included in the review. Overall, the majority of studies reported on an inverse relationship between religiosity and/or spirituality and cardiovascular reactivity, showing higher levels of religiosity and spirituality were associated with attenuated cardiovascular responses. This was particularly evident when measures assessed facets of intrinsic religiosity and focused on internalized spiritual beliefs, focusing on spiritual aspects such as finding meaning and purpose in life. However, in three studies, religiosity and/or spirituality showed exaggerated cardiovascular responses, importantly these studies examined religious/spiritual struggles, indicating that religiosity/spiritual struggles can have a negative impact on health. To date, no study has controlled for religiosity when examining spirituality and cardiovascular reactivity, or vice versa, to explore whether the outcomes differ. Overall, this review highlights that religiosity, and spirituality have potential health benefits for cardiovascular reactivity, however religious/spirituality struggles can diminish these positive effects. It is a priority for future research to clearly define, differentiate and measure the constructs of religiosity and spirituality separately, as both have demonstrated beneficial effects on cardiovascular reactivity.
Alteration of the proteoglycan form of macrophage colony-stimulating factor produced by a human stromal line stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Immunoblot analysis of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in KM 102 cell-conditioned medium showed the presence of two M-CSF molecular types, one being 85-kd M-CSF, the other a proteoglycan form (PG-M-CSF) carrying a chondroitin sulfate chain of variable length. When KM 102 cells were stimulated by TNF-alpha, they produced more M-CSF than that produced in unstimulated condition, in which PG-M-CSF had a shorter chondroitin sulfate chain. Although PG-M-CSF has binding affinity for type V collagen, the PG-M-CSF with the shorter chondroitin sulfate chain shows lower affinity. This spreads in type V collagen-containing agarose gel more easily than does PG-M-CSF with a longer chondroitin sulfate chain.
Genotyping and Virulence Genes of Enterococcus faecalis Isolated Form Kareish Cheese and Minced Meat in Egypt

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Enterococcus species are recognized as a major etiological agents of nosocomial infections which worldwide distribution, commonly isolated from different food sources as meats and milk products.So, this study was conducted for detection of Enterococcus spp., from (50 kareish cheese and 50 minced meat) from Menofia governorate, Egypt.The results revealed 90 and 60% of samples were positive for Enterococcus spp.and Enterococcus faecalis was the most isolated strain 37 (82.22%) and 23 (76.67%) from kareish cheese and minced meat, respectively.Enterococcus faecalis isolates were tested for haemolysin, gelatinase and biofilm formation.The isolates were confirmed by PCR using specific primer for ddl gene.Also PCR was applied for detection of virulence determinants as E. faecalis surface proteins (esp), collagen-binding protein (ace), EF3314 and cylA genes among E. faecalis isolates.The result concluded that, EF3314 was the most predominant virulence gene followed by esp gene and ace among isolates from minced meat and kareish cheese.In contrast, none of the isolates exhibited haemolytic phenotype encoded (cylA) gene.
Preparation of Manuscripts for Publication: Improving Your Chances for Success

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Scientific publication is an important indicator of a researcher’s productivity. Scientists must publish the results of their work to inform their peers of their findings, support grant and funding applications, and enhance their potential for promotions. Therefore, the pressure to publish is high. Scientists usually look for prestigious journals, i.e., those with high impact factors and a fair review process, in which to publish their work.

Meanwhile, journal editors are engaged in competition to attract and select the best papers and strive to keep their journals interesting, while staying within a limited page allotment. The editors of Clinical Chemistry are interested in attracting articles that have high potential interest and impact in novel technologies/applications, biochemical markers, proteomics, molecular diagnostics, and clinical and epidemiologic studies. Papers are selected on the basis of current and potential future importance to our field, novelty, relevance to the audience, and clarity of presentation. Although many researchers are quite capable of designing excellent scientific studies, we have found as editors that not all are capable of clearly articulating their findings in a well-formulated scientific paper. Clinical Chemistry currently accepts approximately 15% of submitted original reports. Although common reasons for rejecting papers include lack of novelty or a poorly designed study, it is important to emphasize that papers that present their findings most clearly have a definite advantage in the peer review and decision-making process.

In our editorial experience, we find that about a third of submitted papers fail to fulfill at least one journal requirement as described in the Information for Authors (1) and the detailed checklist for manuscript preparation. Common mistakes include having too many references, incorrect reference formatting, incorrect units, and inclusion of supplemental files and figure legends in the main text of the paper. Even after peer review, roughly two-thirds of papers are …
Heme oxygenase-1 inhibits TNF-α-induced apoptosis in cultured fibroblasts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of heme to yield equimolar amounts of biliverdin, iron, and carbon monoxide. HO-1 is a stress response protein, the induction of which is associated with protection against oxidative stress. The mechanism(s) of protection is not completely elucidated, although it is suggested that one or more of the catalytic by-products provide antioxidant functions either directly or indirectly. The involvement of reactive oxygen species in apoptosis raised the question of a possible role for HO-1 in programmed cell death. Using the tetracycline-regulated expression system, we show here that conditional overexpression of HO-1 prevents tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis in murine L929 fibroblasts. Inhibition of apoptosis was not observed in the presence of tin protoporphyrin, a specific inhibitor of HO activity, and in cells overexpressing antisense HO-1. Interestingly, exogenous administration of a low concentration of carbon monoxide also prevented tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis in L929 fibroblasts. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis by HO-1 overexpression was reversed by 1 H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3- a)quinoxalin-1-one, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, which is a target enzyme for carbon monoxide. Taken together, our data suggest that the antiapoptotic effect of HO-1 may be mediated via carbon monoxide.
Template‐Assisted Synthesis of Honeycomb‐Like CoFe2O4/CNTs/rGO Composite as Anode Material for Li/Na‐Ion Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract CoFe 2 O 4 is a fascinating anode material due to its high theoretical capacity. However, the low electronic conductivity, limited electrochemical kinetics and huge volume expansion lead to poor electrochemical performance. Here, the CoFe 2 O 4 /CNTs/rGO ternary composite with a honeycomb‐like structure (PS‐CFO/CNTs/rGO) has been synthesized via a spray drying method assisted by polystyrene (PS) soft template. The rational 3D porous structure design not only enhances the transport capacity of Li/Na ions, but also provides buffer spaces for alleviating volume expansion, resulting in rapid electrochemical kinetics and improved electrode integrity during cycling. In particular, to improve the electrochemical performance, a facile pre‐treatment process combining heat‐treatment and pre‐sodiation treatment is first developed for the anode materials of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). As a result, at 1 A g −1 after 365 cycles, the pronounced capacity of PS‐CFO/CNTs/rGO composite can be maintained at 750 mAh g −1 for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), and after 5000 cycles, maintained at 195 mAh g −1 for the SIBs.
Export, Aid, Remittance and Growth: Evidence from Sudan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The role of export, overseas development aid (ODA) and remittance inflows in relation to economic growth in Sudan is examined in this paper, for the periods of year 1977-2010 using the Johansen Cointegration technique within the augmented Solow-model approach. The results reveal that there is a long run positive relationship between growth, export and remittance, supporting the export-led growth and remittance-led growth hypotheses for Sudan, while aid-growth hypothesis is rejected. Thus, there is a need to manage and boost greater inflow of traditional capital such as aid and the contemporary capital like remittances, besides stimulating greater trade liberalization.
Quality of the documentation of the Nursing process in clinical decision support systems

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Objective: to compare the quality of the Nursing process documentation in two versions of a clinical decision support system. Method: a quantitative and quasi-experimental study of the before-and-after type. The instrument used to measure the quality of the records was the Brazilian version of the Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes, which has four domains and a maximum score of 58 points. A total of 81 records were evaluated in version I (pre-intervention), as well as 58 records in version II (post-intervention), and the scores obtained in the two applications were compared. The interventions consisted of planning, pilot implementation of version II of the system, training and monitoring of users. The data were analyzed in the R software, using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: the mean obtained at the pre-intervention moment was 38.24 and, after the intervention, 46.35 points. There was evidence of statistical difference between the means of the pre- and post-intervention groups, since the p-value was below 0.001 in the four domains evaluated. Conclusion: the quality of the documentation of the Nursing process in version II of the system was superior to version I. The efficacy of the system and the effectiveness of the interventions were verified. This study can contribute to the quality of documentation, care management, visibility of nursing actions and patient safety.
Heavy Metals Assessment in Selected Leafy Vegetables from Selangor, Malaysia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Leafy vegetables may contain heavy metals that possess negative impacts on human health. However, no structured monitoring has been available so far in terms of the heavy metal content of vegetables sold in markets across the country. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate heavy metals concentration [aluminium (Al), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and lead (Pb)] in selected leafy vegetables (Brassica oleracea subsp. capitata L., Brassica juncea Czern., Spinacia oleracea L., and Brassica rapa var. chinensis) from Selangor wholesale wet markets using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry. Potential health risks linked to their consumption were assessed by estimating daily intake of toxic metals (EDI) and calculating both cancer and non-cancer risks, including hazard index and target hazard quotient (THQ). Results showed that the average concentrations of Al and Fe in vegetable samples were within the permissible limits, with the greatest amount of Al found in spinach (41.37 mg/kg). The mean levels of Fe in cabbage, mustard, spinach, and pak choi were 6.30 ± 5.78, 4.12 ± 1.84, 13.59 ± 4.73, and 4.14 ± 0.31 mg/kg, respectively. However, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb were undetected in all samples. THQ values derived from the EDI of heavy metals were discovered to be less than one, suggesting a low likelihood of adverse health effects. In conclusion, although leafy vegetables present negligible health risks, consumers should vary their vegetable intake to prevent long-term health effects.
Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. IG 64055

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb.
Common name(s): Faba bean, Forages, Forage
Conserved by: International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon
Local sample unique identifier: IG 64055
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1987
Other identifiers: n/a,IFVI 4106
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Included