jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mutagenesis in olive (Olea europaeaL.) calli caused by sodium azide and detection of mutants using ISSR and RAPD markers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary In vitro callus formation was established in the olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivar 'Kronaki' and in vitro mutagenesis of calli was carried out using five different concentrations (1.0 – 5.0 mM) of sodium azide (NaN3). Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to detect genetic polymorphism among the olive mutants produced. Six RAPD and seven ISSR primers were used to amplify DNA segments from the genomes of untreated and NaN3-treated calli. The optimum medium for callus formation was 0.5× Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with 2 mg l–1 αnaphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5 mg l–1 2-isopentenyl-adenine. A total 60 RAPD amplicons and 60 ISSR fragments were detected. The sizes of the PCR amplicons varied from 200 – 3,000 bp in length. Fifteen of the 60 RAPD (40%) and ten of the 60 ISSR (16.6%) fragments were polymorphic. The results showed that 4.0 mM and 5.0 mM NaN3 were the most effective doses for mutagenesis. Based on RAPD, ISSR, and combined RAPD and ISSR marker analysis, it was shown that all NaN3 treatments caused detectable levels of mutation. The use of NaN3 for in vitro mutagenesis in olive calli resulted in genetic dissimilarity values of 0.14 – 0.21, and represents a useful way to induce mutants in olive which could be exploited in the future for trait improvement and in olive breeding programmes.
The Interrelationship Between Remote Work and Organizational Culture: Implications for Engagement, Productivity, and Leadership

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

With the growing shift toward remote and hybrid work environments, organizations face the challenge of maintaining strong organizational culture and employee engagement. This study is important because it explores how the unprecedented shift in work arrangements affects key aspects of organizational culture. Specifically, it analyzes the relationship between remote work and culture by examining factors like employee engagement, productivity, and satisfaction using a mixed-methods approach. Seventy full-time employees from various industries across the U.S. participated in the study. The results indicate a moderate decline in engagement and productivity after transitioning to remote work despite high satisfaction levels with flexibility and work-life balance. The results of the survey show that democratic leadership can help mitigate this decline. Productivity can suffer when employees become distracted or lose focus. The study underscores the importance of leaders promoting clear communication, providing customized support according to individual needs, and ensuring employees have the right tools available while working remotely.
[Study on vaccination in patients with Kawasaki disease].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

川崎病好发于婴幼儿，目前病因不明。疫苗接种与川崎病发病、免疫抑制剂应用与活疫苗感染风险以及免疫球蛋白、免疫抑制剂对疫苗接种有效性影响均是临床关注的问题。本文重点综述川崎病患儿疫苗接种的研究进展。.
The Relationship of Anxiety, School Burnout and Well-Being in High School Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

School as center of adolescent social life has an important role to help students to achieve well-being.But in fact, adolescence is often vulnerable to individual problems such as stress, anxiety, and self-destructive behavior.The current study examined the mediation effect of state and trait anxiety in the association between school burnout and well-being.State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), School Burnout Inventory (SBI), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was administered to 192 vocational high school students.Mediator analysis using bias corrected bootstrap method N = 5000 and 95% confidential interval on PROCESS software.The results show that school burnout as predictors on well-being students only indirectly via state and trait anxiety.These findings can be beneficial to our understanding of how and when state and trait anxiety impacts student"s well-being, and have implication for development guidance and counseling programs to improve student"s well-being.
“Still game”: an analysis of the life history and career disappointments of one veteran male teacher of physical education in Scotland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Relatively little is known about veteran teachers’ professional lives and especially
of veteran teachers who have failed to secure promoted teaching positions.
This is a weakness in our understanding of teachers’ lives given the social and
policy changes which have taken place in teaching over recent decades.
Through a series of 10 semi-structured interviews, this paper examines the life
history of one veteran male teacher of physical education in Scotland who has
taught for nearly four decades in the same school. Findings revealed that
“Jack’s” resilience, solace in subject teaching and sense of vocational identity
was helpful in coping with lack of promotion and a deteriorating school and
community environment. However, diminishing professional development
opportunities, a reduction in communities of physical educationalists working
together, combined with limited collaborative managerial cultures in school led
to the later parts of Jack’s career being isolated and disconnected in comparison
with earlier years.
Interplay between diet, circulating indolepropionate concentrations and cardiometabolic health in US populations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To identify indolepropionate (IPA)-predicting gut microbiota species, investigate potential diet–microbiota interactions, and examine the prospective associations of circulating IPA concentrations with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in free-living individuals. Design We included 287 men from the Men’s Lifestyle Validation Study, a substudy of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), who provided up to two pairs of faecal samples and two blood samples. Diet was assessed using 7-day diet records. Associations between plasma concentrations of tryptophan metabolites and T2D CHD risk were examined in 13 032 participants from Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), NHSII and HPFS. Results We identified 17 microbial species whose abundance was significantly associated with plasma IPA concentrations. A significant association between higher tryptophan intake and higher IPA concentrations was only observed among men who had higher fibre intake and a higher microbial species score consisting of the 17 species (p-interaction<0.01). Dietary and plasma concentrations of tryptophan and most kynurenine pathway metabolites were positively associated with T2D risk (HR Q5 vs Q1 ranged from 1.17 to 1.46) while a significant inverse association was found for IPA (HR Q5 vs Q1 (95% CI) 0.70 (0.56 to 0.88)). No associations were found in CHD for any plasma tryptophan metabolites. Conclusions Specific microbial species and dietary fibre jointly predicted significantly higher circulating IPA concentrations at higher tryptophan intake. Dietary and plasma tryptophan, as well as its kynurenine pathway metabolites, demonstrated divergent associations from those for IPA, which was significantly predictive of lower risk of T2D.
Lessons learnt from the COVID-19 crisis: Regulatory aspects linked to human research and product authorisation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The governmental measures instigated in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic have presented new challenges concerning the approval and conduct of clinical trials with medicinal products in Switzerland and the implementation of good clinical practice (GCP) and good pharmacovigilance practices (GVP) inspections. This article discusses various regulatory aspects of study approval, conduct, and inspections that have been affected by the pandemic and summarises lessons learnt in these areas.
Management of Long-Segment and Panurethral Stricture Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Long-segment urethral stricture or panurethral stricture disease, involving the different anatomic segments of anterior urethra, is a relatively less common lesion of the anterior urethra compared to bulbar stricture. However, it is a particularly difficult surgical challenge for the reconstructive urologist. The etiology varies according to age and geographic location, lichen sclerosus being the most prevalent in some regions of the globe. Other common and significant causes are previous endoscopic urethral manipulations (urethral catheterization, cystourethroscopy, and transurethral resection), previous urethral surgery, trauma, inflammation, and idiopathic. The iatrogenic causes are the most predominant in the Western or industrialized countries, and lichen sclerosus is the most common in India. Several surgical procedures and their modifications, including those performed in one or more stages and with the use of adjunct tissue transfer maneuvers, have been developed and used worldwide, with varying long-term success. A one-stage, minimally invasive technique approached through a single perineal incision has gained widespread popularity for its effectiveness and reproducibility. Nonetheless, for a successful result, the reconstructive urologist should be experienced and familiar with the different treatment modalities currently available and select the best procedure for the individual patient.
Water Measurements using a Raman Lidar

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The research record for the usefulness of Raman Lidar in addressing a broad range of important atmospheric research topics is well established. Raman lidar technology has been used to measure tropospheric aerosols, stratospheric aerosols and cirrus clouds. Arguably the most important measurements offered by Raman lidar for both dynamic and radiative studies, however, is that of water vapor. We will describe large improvements in Raman lidar measurements of water vapor made possible through recent technology upgrades. Furthermore, we will present the use of Raman lidar to study liquid water in the atmosphere and describe current research into the use of Raman lidar measurements to estimate ice water content of cirrus clouds.
GPU-Accelerated Compression and Visualization of Large-Scale Vessel Trajectories in Maritime IoT Industries

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The automatic identification system (AIS), an automatic vessel-tracking system, has been widely adopted to perform intelligent traffic management and collision avoidance services in maritime Internet-of-Things (IoT) industries. With the rapid development of maritime transportation, tremendous numbers of AIS-based vessel trajectory data have been collected, which make trajectory data compression imperative and challenging. This article mainly focuses on the compression and visualization of large-scale vessel trajectories and their graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated implementations. The visualization was implemented to investigate the influence of compression on vessel trajectory data quality. In particular, the Douglas-Peucker (DP) and kernel density estimation (KDE) algorithms, respectively, utilized for trajectory compression and visualization, were significantly accelerated through the massively parallel computation capabilities of the GPU architecture. Comprehensive experiments on trajectory compression and visualization have been conducted on large-scale AIS data of recording ship movements collected from three different water areas, i.e., the South Channel of Yangtze River Estuary, the Chengshan Jiao Promontory, and the Zhoushan Islands. Experimental results illustrated that: 1) the proposed GPU-based parallel implementation frameworks could significantly reduce the computational time for both trajectory compression and visualization; 2) the influence of compressed vessel trajectories on trajectory visualization could be negligible if the compression threshold was selected suitably; and 3) the Gaussian kernel was capable of generating more appropriate KDE-based visualization performance by comparing with other seven kernel functions.
Effects of Reduced Prolamin on Seed Storage Protein Composition and the Nutritional Quality of Rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rice seed storage proteins accumulate in two types of protein body (PB-I and PB-II) that are nutrient sources for animals. PB-I is indigestible and negatively affects rice protein quality. To improve the nutritional value of rice seeds we are aiming to engineer the composition and accumulation of endogenous seed storage proteins. In this study we generated transgenic rice plants in which 13 kD prolamin genes were suppressed by RNA interference (13 kD pro-RNAi). Analysis based on qRT-PCR confirmed that the targeted 13 kD prolamins were markedly suppressed, and were compensated for by an increase in other storage proteins including 10 kD prolamin, glutelins, and chaperone proteins. The storage protein profiles further revealed that the levels of 13 kD prolamins were significantly reduced, while that of the glutelin precursor was slightly increased and the remaining storage proteins did not change. Amino acid analysis showed that the reduction of 13 kD prolamins resulted in a 28% increase in the lysine content relative to the wild type, indicating that the 13 kD pro-RNAi rice seeds are more nutritious. Furthermore, a reduction in the levels of 13 kD prolamins resulted in abnormal formation of PB-I, which was small and had no lamellar structure. These results suggest that alteration of prolamins can contribute to improving the nutritional quality of rice.
Analytical Method Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Mefenamic acid and Tizanidine HCl

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the estimation of Mefenamic acid and Tizanidine tablets. A simple, rapid, accurate and precise HPLC method was developed for quantification of Mefenamic acid and Tizanidine HCl. The developed method used the mixture of Acetonitrile and Water (90:10, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, Detection was carried out at 250 nm. The linearity for Mefenamic acid of the proposed method was found in the concentration range of 125-625 ppm with regression coefficient (R2) of 0.998 and the linearity for Tizanidine of the proposed method was found in the concentration range of 0.75-2.5 ppm with regression coefficient (R2) of 0.999. LOD and LOQ for Mefenamic acid were found to be 0.1847µg/ml and 0.5598µg/ml and LOD and LOQ for Tizanidine were found to be 0.0151µg/ml and 0.0458 µg/ml, respectively. The % recovery of the suggested technique for Mefenamic acid was set up to be 99.2 %-99.7% and for Tizanidine was found to be 99.5 %-100.3%. The method was found to be precise and robust. The developed HPLC method was successfully applied for quantification of Mefenamic acid and Tizanidine in marketed tablet.
Supplementing zebu cattle with crop co-products helps to reduce enteric emissions in West Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In Africa, a wide variety of diets (forage + crop co-products or other agricultural by-products) is being used by livestock farmers in different production systems to adapt to climate change. This study aimed to assess the performance of various local feeding strategies on Sudanese Fulani zebu cattle. Two experiments were carried out on 10 steers aged initially 33 months (142 kg body weight - BW). The animals were fed eight different diets at an intake level of 3.2% LW in dry matter (DM), including two control diets of 100% rangeland forage (100% RF) and six experimental diets made up of forage and crop co-products (75:25 DM ratio). In the first experiment, the control diet was made up of rangeland forage (RF) and supplements consisted of four cereal co-products (CC), i.e. maize, sorghum, millet, and rice straws. In the second experiment, the control diet consisted of Panicum maximum (Pmax) hay, and the supplements tested were two legume co-products (LC), i.e. cowpea and peanut haulms. Each experiment lasted 3 weeks, including 2 weeks of adaptation to the diet and 1 week of data collection on individual animals (intake, apparent digestibility, and enteric methane). The NDF content of the diets was different within each experiment (p < 0.05). Among diets containing CC, DM intake [g/kg BW] was significantly higher (+31%; p = 0.025) for the diet containing rice straw than for the other diets, which showed similar levels to the RF diet. Among diets containing LC, intake was significantly higher (p = 0.004) than for the Pmax diet. Intake was higher for the peanut haulm diet than for the cowpea haulm diet. The DM digestibility was similar between the different diets in each experiment. Enteric methane (eCH4) yield [g/kg DMI] from the CC and LC-containing diets were reduced by an average of 23% and 20% compared to the RF and Pmax control diets respectively. Raising awareness among agro-pastoralists about the use of crop co-products offers real prospects for eCH4 emissions mitigation in the Sahel region.
Harmonic by means of Cr

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An alternative harmonic model for representing non-linear loads by a CrOSSed-frequency'~ admittance matrix is presented in the paper . This harmonic model is applicable to passive and stationary electrical loads assuming a constant fundamental frequency voltage. Results of the proposed harmonic model are reported and compared with experimental tests. information for a more realistic load modelling, especially when used in the context of an iterative frequenq domain harmonic Penetration Progrdalgorithm. Comparison performed between results calculated by of the proposed harmonic mode1 with those obtained from tests are reported and discussed.
Success and Development of Older Workers as a Challenge to Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article implements an attempt to present the success of older workers in the conditions of the sporting paradigm and the formation of eco-thinking in organizations. The reasons for rethinking the prolonged working capacity of age workers as a “new normal” are shown. The article dwells on the features of teaching employment in higher education and makes the case for forming environmental conditions in universities to retain key professors and associate professors so that they can continue their creative work. The authors give characteristics of successful, healthy, active and productive ageing and suggest the measures that help to slow down the premature ageing of personnel.
Anal PAP, HPV tests and magnifying chromoendoscopy with biopsies in the diagnosis of anal intraephitelial neoplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is the most likely precursor of squamous cells cancer which represents 90% of anal cancers. The use of biomolecular tests as a screening method has been extended by gynecology. Given the similarities that exist between the HPV disease in the lower genital tract and anorectal sectors, it is expected that HPV tests can provide information for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up for AIN-affected patients. Objectives Comparing the performance of anal cytology, PAP and HPV tests (Hybrid Capture and Papillocheck) against the histology of the diagnosis of low- and high-grade AIN in risk groups. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate diagnostic methods for low- and high-grade AIN in 73 patients. Samples for anal PAP, Papillocheck and Hybrid Capture were taken from all patients who then, regardless of the results, underwent magnifying chromoendoscopy (MCE) along with biopsy. Diagnostic test performances and their 95% confidence intervals (CI: 95%) were calculated as well as the likelihood ratio for each test. Results Of the 73 patients, 49 (67%) were women. The average age of the patients was 38 years. In 38 patients (52%), the histology was positive with 10 (14%) grade II AIN or higher. There were no statistically significant differences in sensitivity nor in specificity for low- and high-grade AINs between any of the tests. Conclusion Anal PAP, the Hybrid Capture test (HC2, Qiagen) and PapilloCheck (Greiner Bio One) were highly sensitive but not specific for low- and high-grade AINs. Therefore, a biopsy should be conducted against a positive result of any of the tests to confirm AIN and the degree of dysplasia. The screening method selection depend on the availability but also costs of the test should be considered, since all the diagnostic tests have similar performance.
Testing Wagner's law using disaggregated public expenditure data in the case of Greece: 1958-93

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The factors that have influenced the growth of public expenditures have been the subject of extensive theoretical and empirical research. The validity of Wagner's law in the case of Greece is tested using disaggregated public expenditure data for the period 1958-93. The methodology employed is that of cointegration and the related notion of error correction. Results reported here suggest that in the case of Greece only the growth of defence expenditure may be explained in terms of Wagner's law.
Does prison training improve labour outcomes of ex-drug offenders?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In a bid to reduce the overall recidivism rate, in-prison training programmes have been designed to improve employment outcomes of inmates. This paper aims to investigate the impact of in-prison training on employment outcomes of ex-drug offenders in Singapore. Using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, we estimate the returns to in-prison training on two indicators of employment: average length of service and wage. We found that in-prison training has a large and significant effect only on the average length of service. This suggests that in-prison training programmes play a part in building up inmates’ mental resilience and equip them with realistic expectations of the job market, thus limiting expectation mismatch and job-hopping.
14. Madhhabization

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter examines the final stages in Ibâḍism developing as a madhhab. In Oman it was essentially the work of 'Awtabi who finalized the process of conforming to the criteria of the Shâfi'i-Ash'ari school, but avoiding the Sunni criteria of hadîth scholarship by formalizing a chain of Ibâḍi hamalat al–'ilm, whose âthâr provide the equivalent of the Sunni isnâd chains. A comparison is made between developments in Oman and the Maghrib where two trends evolved — one introspective, aimed at ensuring the survival of true values in the small communities like the Mzab; the other to establish oneself as the true firqa and go out and do battle with the others. The latter approach prevailed in Oman, but in a 5–6/11–12th century revivalist movement in the Maghrib it went to the extent of Abû Ya'qûb al–Warjlâni 'Arranging (Tartîb)' a hadîth collection, supposedly essentially transmitted by al–Rabî' b. Habîb from Abû 'Ubayda and back through Jâbir b. Zayd to Ibn 'Abbâs and the first Muslims. The origins of this work (along with other important Mashriqi material preserved in the Maghrib, notably the Mudawwana) is examined and shown to be a manipulation that has done great disservice to the Ibâḍis, leading them to be called the 'Fifthers' in the Maghrib. At the same time, the Maghribis rationalized the early history of Ibâḍism with a line of Imams in kitmân in Basra, exaggerating the role of Abû 'Ubayda and eliminating the key role played by other proto-Ibâḍis. It was only really with the development of an Ibâḍi renaissance from the 17th century onwards and yet further conformism of the madhhab to Sunni norms that this hadîth collection found nominal acceptance in Oman along with the Maghribi model of Ibâḍi origins.