jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tocoyena longilobata, a replacement name for Posoqueria speciosa (Gardenieae, Rubiaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aublet (1775) described Posoqueria Aublet (1775: 133, tab. 51) and differentiated it from Tocoyena Aublet (1775: 131, tab. 50) by the number of locules of the ovary (unilocular vs. bilocular, respectively) and seed shape (angulate vs. subspherical, respectively). However, in subsequent studies, L.C.M.Richard (1792) and Lamarck (1793) published under Tocoyena certain species that morphologically matched the generic concept of Posoqueria, causing an historical confusion concerning their generic delimitation. Achille Richard (1830), in his Mémoire sur la famille des Rubiacées, synonymized Posoqueria under Tocoyena, a generic delimitation not widely adopted by subsequent authors. For example, Schumann (1889) in Flora Brasiliensis treated Posoqueria and Tocoyena as distinct genera.
Direct immunofluorescence in multiple sclerosis patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multipla skleroza (MS) je kronicna, upalna, degenerativna, onesposobljavajuca bolest sredisnjeg živcanoga sustava koju obilježava niz imunoloskih poremacaja u i izvan živcane osi. Cilj ovoga rada bio je usporediti imunoloske nalaze dobivene direktnom imunofluorescencijom (DIF) s klinickom slikom i tijekom MS. DIF je bio ucinjen u bioptatu zdrave kože karpalne regije modificiranome postupku po Cormanu, koristeci se zecjim protutijelima na humane IgA, IgM i IgG i frakciju komplementa C3. Koncentracija cirkulirajucih imunokompleksa, i komponente komplementa C3 i C4 bila je istovremeno određena u serumu. Analizirana su 42 slucaja klinicki sigurne i laboratorijski potkrijepljene sigurne MS. Pojava depozita imunokompleksa na dermalno-epidermalnome spoju bila je statisticki znacajno razlicita za IgG (P=0, 07), IgA (P=0, 011) i IgM (P=0, 04) između skupine bolesnika s primarno-progresivnim i one s relapsno-remitirajucim tijekom bolesti. Vrijednosti cirkulirajucih imunokompleksa, frakcije komplementa C3 i C4 između promatranih skupina bile su statisticki neznakovite.
Techno-Fixers: Origins and Implications of Technological Faith

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Those who have recently published a book looking at the intersection of science, technology, and society must wish that they could have delayed its appearance. As I write this in the summer of 2020, the world is dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic and is looking for a medical fix, a life-saving vaccine. The public’s faith in science and technology has never been higher. Computer “apps” that explore things such as the frequency of, and point of origin of, COVID-related Google search terms, and Twitter posts, are being used to trace the progress of the virus and to predict the sites of further outbreaks. The United States has been roiled by the death, at the hands of the police, of George Floyd. Floyd’s killing was captured by an app that has been circulating throughout the globe that has acquired the near iconic power of the crucifixion. With the majority of the American people equipped to make audio–visual recording of police brutality and post them on social media, we expect that crimes such as this will certainly diminish.
A Conceptual Underpinnings on Appraising SWOT Analysis as the Conciliator Strategic Marketing Planning through Marketing Intelligence

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper is purposely prepared to explore the significance of marketing intelligence in primary marketing development, specifically with regard to SWOT analysis. It also aims to identify common issues associated with SWOT analysis and propose a systematic approach to addressing them. This topic has been widely discussed in the research field, and while there have been previous efforts to address it, there is still potential for further exploration and development. The paper is based on a comprehensive literature review, which suggests that pre-job assessment can have a positive impact on the effectiveness of primary marketing planning by evaluating the SWOT analysis. Optimistically, this paper will help marketing managers understand the standing of marketing intelligence, advertising vision and pre-job valuation in evolving operative primary promotion plans.
The Case of the Constable’s Nose

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses the litigation over the imposition of a draconian Prohibition regime on Bombay. The Prohibition laws in Bombay and other provinces, brought in to enforce Article 47 of the Constitution, were among the earliest attempts by the postcolonial state to regulate the everyday life of its citizens. The Prohibition policy was a critical aspect of the attempt of the state to fashion a postcolonial identity for itself by freeing its citizens from what it called the foreign practice of drinking. However, it relied on the mechanisms of the colonial state for its implementation, opening up questions about state involvement in private life and the role of the police in a democracy. Given that the majority of litigants were Parsis (Indian Zoroastrians), a community with strong links to the liquor trade, the chapter also considers the emerging idea of public interest and the relationship between liberty, property, and community identity.
Fluorination Effects on Rotational Correlation Times of Tris(β-diketonato)aluminum(III) in CO2 by 27Al NMR Relaxation Measurements

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

(27)Al NMR longitudinal relaxation times, T(1,obs)((27)Al), of [Al(acac)(3)] and [Al(hfa)(3)] (Hacac = acetylacetone, Hhfa = hexafluoroacetylacetone) in CH(3)CN and CO(2) were measured over a wide range of temperature and pressure. The rotational correlation times, τ(r), of the tris(β-diketonato)aluminum(III) complexes were determined from T(1,obs)((27)Al) using (27)Al quadrupole coupling constants, eQq/h((27)Al), which were also obtained to be 3.11 and 3.22 MHz for [Al(acac)(3)] and [Al(hfa)(3)], respectively, in CD(3)CN by the dual spin probe technique in the present study. At each temperature, τ(r) increased almost linearly with increasing viscosity, η, in both CH(3)CN and CO(2); however, τ(r) in CO(2) at near critical densities deviated appreciably upward, as shown in a similar analogue of bis(acetylacetonato)beryllium(II), [Be(acac)(2)] (Umecky; et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 11114). The η/T dependence of τ(r) was examined to discuss intermolecular interactions between the complexes and solvent molecules in terms of the fluorination and geometrical effects. The degree of solute-solvent interactions increases in the order [Be(acac)(2)] < [Al(hfa)(3)] < [Al(acac)(3)] in CH(3)CN and [Al(acac)(3)] < [Be(acac)(2)] < [Al(hfa)(3)] in CO(2). The results suggest that dipolar CH(3)CN molecules interact with negatively charged oxygen atoms in the complexes, whereas nonpolar CO(2) prefers fluorinated substituents as well as quasi-aromatic rings in the ligands. Moreover, the relationship between the rotational and translational motions of tris(acetylacetonato)metal(III), [M(III)(acac)(3)], in CO(2) was investigated.
Casual Employment in Australia: A Further Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Casual employment is steadily increasing its share of total employment in Australia. This paper analyses some of the factors that have led to this situation by extending the work of Simpson, Dawkins and Madden (1997). The results, while confirming some of their research and clarifying the role of union membership in limiting the spread of casual employment, also show that the determinants of casual employment in Australia are sensitive to the period of estimation and the form of model used.
Challenges and Opportunities to Updating Prescribing Information for Longstanding Oncology Drugs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A number of important drugs used to treat cancer—many of which serve as the backbone of modern chemotherapy regimens—have outdated prescribing information in their drug labeling. The Food and Drug Administration is undertaking a pilot project to develop a process and criteria for updating prescribing information for longstanding oncology drugs, based on the breadth of knowledge the cancer community has accumulated with the use of these drugs over time. This article highlights a number of considerations for labeling updates, including selecting priorities for updating; data sources and evidentiary criteria; as well as the risks, challenges, and opportunities for iterative review to ensure prescribing information for oncology drugs remains relevant to current clinical practice.
28 EFFECT OF TREATMENT OF OVINE OOCYTES WITH CAFFEINE ON GENE EXPRESSION IN NUCLEAR TRANSFER EMBRYOS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The efficiency of animal production by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) remains low and this has been linked to incomplete epigenetic reprogramming of the donor somatic cell nucleus. Previous studies have reported that embryos produced by SCNT exhibit abnormal expression patterns for a number of genes, including IL6, FGF4, FGFr2, Hsp, IF-tau, DNMT, and Mash2 (Daniels et al . 2000 Biol. Reprod. 63, 1034-1040; Wrenzycki et al . 2001 Biol. Reprod. 65, 309-317). Recently, we demonstrated that treatment of telophase I or metaphase II ovine oocytes with 10 mM caffeine for 6 h increased the activities of both MPF and MAPK kinases. In NT embryos produced using caffeine treated oocytes as recipient cytoplasts, no increase in the frequency of development to the blastocyst stage was observed; however, blastocyst stage embryos had an increased cell number (Lee and Campbell 2005 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 16, 125). The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of caffeine treatment on the expression levels of a number of genes involved in early development. Target genes were categorized into seven groups based on their function: (1) transcription factors (Oct-4, Sox-2), (2) growth factors (IGF-1, IGF-1r, IGF-2r, FGF-2, and FGF-4), (3) stress adaptation (Hsp70.1 and Hsp27), (4) metabolism (Glut-1, Glut-3, and Glut-4), (5) compaction/cavitation (DcII), (6) trophoblastic function (IF-tau), and (7) nuclear reprogramming factors (Hist4h4, H2A.Z, and Lmna). To determine the transcript levels semiquantitatively, different PCR cycle parameters were used (35 and 40 cycles). Expression levels were compared in blastocyst-stage embryos obtained from five groups produced as previously described (Lee and Campbell 2005; Maalouf et al . 2005 Reproduction 32, 49): (I) IVF embryos, (II) caffeine-treated IVF embryos, (III) parthenotes, (IV) SCNT embryos, and (V) caffeine treated SCNT embryos. No differences in overall expression patterns were observed among groups I, II, and III. In group IV non-treated SCNT-derived embryos, an aberrant gene expression pattern was found with respect to Oct-4 and genes regulated by Oct-4: H2A.Z, IF-tau, and FGF-4, Oct-4, H2A.Z, and FGF-4 were down-regulated and IF-tau was up-regulated. In contrast, the expression patterns of group V caffeine-treated SCNT embryos resembled those of control groups I, II, and III. In comparison to gene expression in group IV embryos, Oct-4, FGF-4, and H2A.Z were up-regulated but IF-tau was down-regulated. Previous studies have demonstrated that FGF-4 and H2A.Z play an important role in early development and implantation, whereas expression of IF-tau is related to embryo quality (Feldman et al . 1995 Science 267, 246-249; Fasst et al . 2001 Curr. Biol. 11, 1183-1187; Wrenzycki et al . 2001). Our results demonstrate that treatment of oocytes with caffeine prior to embryo reconstruction can alter the expression patterns of developmentally regulated genes in SCNT embryos to more closely resemble those of IVF controls.
Unsettled Legacy: Thirty Years of Criminal Justice under the Charter

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After thirty years, what effect has the Charter had on the justness of the Canadian criminal justice system? This thought-provoking collection of essays by a group of leading criminal law scholars explores that very question, critically examining the ways in which the Charter has shaped Canadian criminal law and its administration.\nEdited by Professors Benjamin L. Berger and James Stribopoulos of Osgoode Hall Law School, these essays offer insight into every facet of the Charter's influence over how crimes are defined, investigated and prosecuted. The result is an invaluable resource for scholars, practitioners and judges interested in criminal justice in Canada.
The Germination Characteristics of Rheum undulatum L. Seeds in Treatment Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was investigated seed germination of Rheum undulatum L. depends on storage temperature (-20, 5 ℃ and room temperature), germination temperature (5, 15, 25 and 40℃) and a soaking treatment (no soaking, 2 days and 4 days). There was not much difference from the germination rate of R. undulatum L. in storage temperature conditions for 8 weeks. The highest of germination rate occurred over 80 percentage at 25℃. When R. undulatum L. was soaked with tap water for four days, the average values of germination velocity and germination day were represented of 1.7 ea/day and 1.68 days. These results may help our understanding of variations in germination characteristics for R. undulatum L. seeds treated under various germination conditions.
Current and Future Anti-Influenza Virus Drugs~!2010-01-01~!2010-04-09~!2010-08-27~!

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In 2009, we have been experiencing a new pandemic of novel influenza virus type A (H1N1) infection. The human beings still face the threat of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. Many patients with influenza virus infection have died due to severe complications even though receiving intensive care. This suggests the need for new treatment strategies of severe influenza-associated complications. In cases of severe influenza-associated complications, pathological manifestations are as a result of complex biological consequences, such as apoptosis induction, macrophage activation, oxidative damage and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have revealed that the pathogenesis of severe influenza-associated complications involves not only the virus replication-mediated apoptotic cell death in the infected cells but also non-infected cell injury by toxicity of reactive oxygen species derived from macro- phages phagocytosing apoptotic cells, and that pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by the virus-infected host cells play a critical role in the activation of macrophages. These findings provide a possibility that an agent with antiviral and antioxidant activities can be a drug of choice for the treatment of patients with severe influenza-associated complications. Selected antioxidants, such as pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, glutathione, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, thujaplicin and certain types of flavonoids, possess both activities. The combination of antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, with antiviral drug ribavirin synergistically reduced the lethal effect of influenza virus infection. Accumulating a number of evidence highlights a potential of selected antioxidants for treatment of severe influenza-associated complications and a possibility that combination of antioxidants with current anti-influenza drugs can improve conventional influenza chemotherapy.
Willingness of farmers to pay for reclaimed wastewater in Jordan and Tunisia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite water scarcity and high agricultural water consumption in the Middle East and North Africa region, substantial amounts of treated wastewater are discharged into seas without proper utilization. This can be attributed to either farmers' unwillingness to use or to pay for reclaimed wastewater. Therefore, a field survey was conducted in Jordan and Tunisia, which are considered as representative to the MENA region, using a prepared and pilot tested questionnaire. This study applies the contingent valuation method to elicit the willingness of farmers to pay for reclaimed wastewater. Logistic regression analysis is applied in an attempt to build a model that correlates qualitative responses of farmers to monetary stimuli. The water price seriously affects farming profitability and farmers' willingness to pay for reclaimed wastewater. Farmers prove to be unwilling to pay more than 0.05 $/m3 of reclaimed wastewater primarily because of quality concerns, comparatively easy access to freshwater, and price.
Evaluating Vehicle Pedestrian Interaction at Unsignalised Junction Using Trajectory Data

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The rapid growth of population, the pedestrian safety recently become much important topic for the researchers. To analyze interactions of road users at unsignalized intersections with mixed traffic flow, trajectory-based data was used. In this study traffic data collected by video graphic survey and data has been extracted by using the software application. Research authors showed an advanced technique to characterize vehicle-pedestrian movements based on road user behaviours. Estimated the surrogate safety measures (SSM) with this study with regular grid-based analysis. To calculate SSM at unsignalized junction, vehicle to pedestrian safe distance and stopping sight distance by using trajectory data and evaluating Severity levels. From the analysis, severity at the junction found to be 10.53, 8.77sec respectively, average gap time, Time to Collisions (TTC), stopping sight distance also analyzed. Simple linear regression analysis has been conducted by considering the plot between the gap time and TTC. Result shows TTC for pedestrian passing first (PPF) is higher than vehicle passing first (VPF) and overall, by conducting this study the safety at the junction is studied.
The resilience of traditional communities in the modern era: a case study of kentrung art in Java, Indonesia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Kentrung is the art of singing traditional poems that use traditional music in one piece as entertainment and ritual. As a traditional Javanese art living in modernisation, kentrung symbolises courage and tenacity in facing challenges. In Indonesia, kentrung is crucial, especially for coastal Javanese communities because it has various functions, including the institutional function of Javanese society. This article discusses the role of kentrung art in depicting the resilience of Javanese social institutions. Through a social semiotics approach, this research shows how kentrung is an integral part of the daily life of Javanese people, not only as an expression of traditional Javanese music, but also as a medium of expression and a symbol of courage in facing trials. By analysing the musical practices and narratives of the people around the kentrung, this article describes the kentrung as a reflection of the courage and cultural resilience of the Javanese people in facing the changes and challenges of the times. This research ultimately shows that amid rapid social change, mainly due to the influence of modernisation and industrialisation, kentrung art can continue to survive because it has a social function and role.
Reservoir Disaster Monitoring using Unmanned Aerial Photogrammetry

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

저수지에 대한 방재계획은 저수지의 수위와 수면 면적에 대한 시계열적인 변화 상태를 직관적으로 모니터링하여 보다 신속하게 대책이 수립되어야 한다. 본 논문은 주기적인 무인항공사진측량을 통해 제작되는 정사영상을 이용하는 방안을 제시하고 적용가능성을 분석하였다. 아산시 성내저수지를 대상으로 총3회의 무인항공사진측량을 실시하여 정사영상을 제작하고, 각각의 성과를 비교하여 저수지의 시계열별 수위 변화와 수면 면적의 변화 상태를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 강우에 따른 수위 상승과 수면 면적의 증가를 효과적으로 관측할 수 있었다. 정사영상 성과는 지상측량에 의한 실측성과와 비교하여 최대오차가 X좌표는 7.5cm, Y좌표는 10.8cm, 높이는 14.1cm이내의 범위에 들었으므로 향후 무인항공사진측량 방법이 저수지의 방재 관리를 위한 모니터링 업무에 충분히 적용될 수 있음을 검증하였다. 또한 정사영상을 취득하는 데에는 촬영에 약 2시간, 그리고 영상처리에 약 4시간이 소요되어 촬영 당일 영상분석이 가능하므로 긴급을 요하는 방재 업무에 최적일 것으로 판단된다.
ELEVATING HOSPITALITY THROUGH DIGITAL INNOVATION

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: In response to the burgeoning demand for elevated hospitality experiences in Nagpur’s luxury event venues, Rama Celebration has embarked on a transformative digital journey aimed at redefining guest experiences and operational excellence. This research paper delves into Rama Celebration’s innovative approach to hospitality through the integration of cutting-edge digital technologies. The centerpiece of this endeavor is Rama Celebration’s web-based platform, meticulously crafted with advanced technologies such as Node.js, Tailwind CSS, and JavaScript. This platform represents a quantum leap in event planning and management, offering an intuitive interface that simplifies the complexities of event booking, venue exploration, and access to premium amenities. Through an exhaustive analysis of the platform’s development process, this paper sheds light on its pivotal role in enhancing guest satisfaction, optimizing resource allocation, and fostering business growth. The platform’s user-centric design philosophy prioritizes seamless navigation, aesthetically pleasing layouts, and interactive elements, thereby enhancing user engagement and satisfaction. Leveraging modern web technologies, the platform ensures scalability, responsiveness, and cross-device compatibility, catering to the diverse needs and preferences of users.Moreover, the platform’s robust architecture, fortified by Node.js server-side scripting and MongoDB database integration, ensures reliability, security, and efficient data management. Advanced features such as real-time availability updates, map-based visualization, and personalized recommendations further enrich the user experience, empowering guests to make informed decisions effortlessly. By embracing digital innovations, Rama Celebration aims to set a new benchmark for excellence in the hospitality industry, spearheading a paradigm shift in luxury event venue management.Looking ahead, the platform holds immense potential for future enhancements and innovations. Integration with mobile applications, augmented reality (AR) features for virtual venue tours, and predictive analytics for personalized guest experiences are among the key areas of focus for future development. Additionally, continuous evaluation, user feedback mechanisms, and performance optimization will be instrumental in ensuring the platform’s sustained relevance and competitiveness in the dynamic hospitality landscape. Keywords: Rama Celebration, Node.js, Tailwind CSS, JavaScript, Event Venue, Digital Transformation, Guest Experience, Operational Efficiency.
An empirical assessment of the effectiveness of gender budget initiatives on women’s political empowerment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After the adoption of gender budget initiatives in Australia in 1983, over seventy countries aiming to improve women’s political empowerment introduce gender budget initiatives to engender policies. However, the relationship between gender budget initiatives and women’s political empowerment has not been examined thoroughly and empirically. This article assesses the influence of gender budget initiatives with panel data about 173 countries from 1980 to 2016. Using panel data fixed effects models, this article finds that the introduction of gender budget initiatives improves women’s political empowerment. This link is consistently robust in a lagged dependent variable (LDV) model specification. Moreover, the estimated average treatment effects (ATEs) and average treatment effects on the treated (ATETs) of gender budget initiatives on women’s political empowerment also support the efficiency of gender budget initiatives. This article contributes to the literature on gender budget and women’s empowerment by testing the general impacts of gender budget initiatives on women’s political empowerment with time-series cross-national data.