jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pandemics as Rights-Generators

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract While the global pandemic has exposed the fragility of human rights protections, it has also resulted in rights victories for some of the most vulnerable members of society. This Essay examines epistemic, consequentialist, and normative rights reframing efforts that have been mobilized to advocate for and secure human rights during the pandemic through the lens of prisoners’ rights. It argues that these rights seeking strategies hold promise for advancing rights claims of prisoners and other marginalized groups beyond the pandemic.
Effects of Omega-3 on Lipid and Liver Function Tests

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are found in fish and fish oil. Recent studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids are effective in cancer, cardiovascular disease, immune system, cirrhosis, and nervous system disorders. In particular, omega-3 was also reported to help improve hyperlipidemia and liver function tests. On the other hand, there are few cases in Korea. This study examined whether omega-3 is effective in improving hyperlipemia and liver function by taking 1 gm/day for 2 weeks. As a result, AST was decreased in the liver function test, and GGT related to alcoholic hepatitis and fatty liver showed significant results. Omega-3 has been shown to help improve the liver function. The triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density cholesterol associated with cardiovascular disease decreased after omega-3 ingestion, particularly high density cholesterol. Omega-3 has also been shown to improve the hyperlipidemia. Comparisons between males and females before and after the ingestion of omega-3 showed significant results in AST (P<0.01) from the male group and in GGT (P<0.01) and high density cholesterol (P<0.01) from the female group. As a result, omega-3 intake can help control and improve liver function and hyperlipidemia.
Working towards compliance with international standards

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Developing countries are increasingly coming under pressure to improve their delivery of veterinary services as a prerequisite for entering the competitive arena of international trade in animals and animal products. The demands placed on developing countries by predominantly developed countries to comply with international disease prevention standards have also resulted in increasing demands on the financial, human and technological resources of these developing countries. The minimum requirements of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and the standards, guidelines and recommendations of international standard-setting organisations, such as the OIE (World organisation for animal health), are evaluated in terms of the opportunities embedded within these guidelines for developing countries. Such an evaluation indicates that the rights and obligations contained in these standards, guidelines and recommendations do not necessarily protect only the interests of developed countries but also encourage developing countries to work towards the levels of compliance and disease prevention required by their potential trade partners. The costs of this compliance can be reduced by exploiting more cost-effective alternatives for delivering services, when dictated by budgetary constraints. International organisations have illustrated on many occasions, and through a variety of development programmes, that they do indeed realise their responsibility towards developing countries in the areas of increased capacity building and technical assistance. If international organisations can refocus their interventions on the actual and specific needs of developing countries, then they can help to expedite the process of compliance with international standards.
Dynamic Swarm Orchestration and Semantics in IoT Edge Devices: A Systematic Literature Review

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;In its dynamicevolution, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become increasingly pervasive in our&nbsp;daily lives, ranging from domestic appliances to industrial robots. This integration brings together people, processes, data, and devices, prompting new types of interactions among them. Besides acquiring data, these devices also have actuation and processing capabilities, making them susceptible of becoming autonomous entities with coordination potential. Given the inherent limitations of storage, power, or computation of IoT devices, delegation and cooperation strategies, including intermediary nodes in the network, can significantly&nbsp; optimize the usage of resources. Hence, this type of node can rely on swarm-inspired intelligence to orchestrate edge nodes, possibly with semantics-enabled behaviors. This study proposes a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) investigating different solutions and approaches for the orchestration of edge devices powered by declarative and semantic models of their affordances, goals, and capabilities. The SLR explores different aspects of the literature, including demographics, application domains, goals, requirements, scope, services, frameworks, and technologies, as well as challenges and future directions in the field. The purpose of this SLR is to provide software engineers, researchers, and innovators comprehensiveinsights into the present status of advancementsin this area andadiscussionoftheunresolved&nbsp;issues and opportunities.&lt;/p&gt;
Neonatal glucocorticoid administration: effect on the diurnal rhythm of serum concentrations of corticosterone, progesterone and LH, and the response to pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin in immature female rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The effects of neonatal cortisol acetate administration on diurnal changes in serum corticosterone, progesterone and LH and on the response to pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) were examined in immature female rats. Neonatal cortisol treatment (250 μg/rat) abolished the diurnal rhythm of serum progesterone in rats at 27—29 days of age, and lowered overall the serum progesterone response to PMSG. Neonatal cortisol also reduced the number of animals ovulating on day 28 after PMSG injection 48 h earlier. This dosage of cortisol did not alter the diurnal rhythm of serum corticosterone in these animals. Serum LH concentrations in control rats at 27–29 days of age did not differ between 09.00 and 18.00 h, and prior treatment with cortisol acetate did not significantly influence serum concentrations of this hormone. Our data suggest that ovarian production of progesterone contributes significantly to diurnal fluctuations of this steroid in the circulation of immature rats. Perinatal exposure to cortisol acetate abolishes the diurnal rhythm of serum progesterone and impairs the ovarian response of the immature female rat to PMSG. The mechanism(s) by which cortisol acetate alters these processes remains to be determined. J. Endocr. (1984) 100 , 203–207
A Comprehensive Review of Empirical and Modeled HIV Incidence Trends (1990–2012)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An accurate measurement of HIV incidence is a key for policy makers and HIV program managers directing national HIV response. However, there is no perfect method to measure or estimate the rate at which new HIV infections occur in a population. This review compiles and triangulates longitudinal HIV incidence and prevalence data from published studies and trials, national reports and surveys, and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS estimates from the Spectrum model, focusing on 20 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with generalized HIV epidemics. Three main points can be taken from this analysis of HIV incidence trends. First, modeled HIV incidence and nationally reported HIV prevalence levels in young females suggest that national HIV incidence has declined since 2000 in all except three countries analyzed (stable estimated HIV trends in Burkina Faso, Burundi, and Uganda), but trial and survey data suggest that in some demographics, HIV incidence remains critically high. Second, all modeled national HIV incidence curves and most empirically observed trends commenced a downward trajectory prior to the introduction of anti-retroviral therapy programs around 2004, suggesting the contribution of other factors, such as HIV prevention programs and natural epidemic dynamics, to this decline. Third, modeled HIV incidence estimates, including the incidence peaks in the past, exhibit much variation between Spectrum model versions and when new data are added, emphasizing the uncertainty of model outputs and the need to use incidence estimates with caution
Higher Order Cognitive Skills Training in Support of Contemporary Military Operations

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The nature of global conflict is changing. Since 2001, the United States has openly engaged in an unconventional military conflict defined by a range of counterterrorism, counterinsurgency, peacekeeping, and infrastructure-building initiatives. To excel within this environment, the US military has adopted new strategic approaches, such as Full-Spectrum and Enhanced Company Operations. Such paradigms share a striking commonality: Much greater emphasis is now being placed on individual personnel's higher-order cognitive skills. This paper outlines the operational requirements that create a demand for efficient, deployable higher-order skills training. The paper also includes a discussion about current efforts aimed at developing instructional technology that can help meet these training needs.
N-(Adamantan-1-yl)-2-chloroacetamide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the title compound, C(12)H(18)ClNO, which was synthesized as part of a study into potential anti-tuberculosis agents, the adamantine skeleton displays shorter than normal C-C bond lengths ranging between 1.5293 (18) and 1.5366 (15) Å. The structure also displays inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding, which forms an infinite chain in the a-axis direction.
Earias insulana (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) new for The Netherlands.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Uit de provincie Friesland worden niet vaak vlinders nieuw voor de Nederlandse fauna gemeld, maar op 8 oktober 2013 werd het eerste exemplaar van Earias insulana (katoengroenuil) van Nederland op licht gevangen, te Beetsterzwaag. Het is aannemelijk dat het hier om een zwerver of migrant gaat. De vlinder komt wijd verbreid voor in (sub)tropisch Afrika, Azie en Australaziatisch gebied, en in Europa in de landen rond de Middellandse Zee. Hier vliegt de vlinder in een groot deel van het jaar, met name in de herfst. De rupsen van E. insulanakunnen schadelijk zijn op katoen (Gossypium) en andere plantensoorten. Uit Noordwest-Europa zijn vijf soorten van het genus Earias bekend. Earias clorana (kleine groenuil) en E. vernana (populierengroenuil) zijn hier inheems, E. vittella, E. biplaga en E. insulana worden aangemerkt als (zeldzame) zwerver, migrant of adventief. Earias-soorten vertonen grote gelijkenissen en in dit artikel worden dan ook de determinatiekenmerken besproken, met nadruk op E. insulana.
Fatty acid composition of lipopolysaccharides of Vibrio cholerae 35A3 (Inaba), NIB 90 (Ogawa), and 4715 (Nag)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Considerable amounts of odd-numbered fatty acids, such as non-hydroxy C15 and C17 and 3-hydroxy C11 and C13 acids, were found in lipopolysaccharides from Vibrio cholerae 35A3 (Inaba).
Assessment of psychological indicators of domestic violence against children and youth from the child’s behavior in the dental office

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Pantelewicz A, Krasuski T, Olczak-Kowalczyk D. Assessment of psychological indicators of domestic violence against children and youth from the childâs behavior in the dental office. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. 2021;23(1):41-48. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2021.103156. APA Pantelewicz, A., Krasuski, T., & Olczak-Kowalczyk, D. (2021). Assessment of psychological indicators of domestic violence against children and youth from the childâs behavior in the dental office. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, 23(1), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.103156 Chicago Pantelewicz, Anna, Tomasz Krasuski, and Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk. 2021. "Assessment of psychological indicators of domestic violence against children and youth from the childâs behavior in the dental office". Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 23 (1): 41-48. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2021.103156. Harvard Pantelewicz, A., Krasuski, T., and Olczak-Kowalczyk, D. (2021). Assessment of psychological indicators of domestic violence against children and youth from the childâs behavior in the dental office. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, 23(1), pp.41-48. https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.103156 MLA Pantelewicz, Anna et al. "Assessment of psychological indicators of domestic violence against children and youth from the childâs behavior in the dental office." Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, vol. 23, no. 1, 2021, pp. 41-48. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2021.103156. Vancouver Pantelewicz A, Krasuski T, Olczak-Kowalczyk D. Assessment of psychological indicators of domestic violence against children and youth from the childâs behavior in the dental office. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. 2021;23(1):41-48. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2021.103156.
Spectral photosensitivity of a-SiGe:H/c-Si heterostructures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Characteristics of a-SiGe:H/c-Si heterostructures produced by rapid plasma-chemical low-frequency (55 kHz) deposition are studied. High photosensitivity of a-SiGe:H films is established. The spectral position of the maximum of photosensitivity of a a-SiGe:H/c-Si heterostructure can be varied from 830 to 920 nm by increasing the content of germanium in an a-SiGe:H alloy and decreasing its band gap.
Predicting Synthetic Lethality in Human Cancers via Knowledge Graph Summarization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Synthetic lethality (SL) is of great significance for the development of anticancer drugs. Thanks to the increasing richness of biomedical knowledge graph (KG), machine learning algorithm combined with knowledge graph has been used for SL prediction and achieved good performance. However, how to effectively utilize biomedical KG to learn stronger gene feature representation is an open problem. Therefore, a self-attention based graph summarization scheme is introduced to delete unimportant nodes and edges in the graph. Firstly, the knowledge graph is used to construct the subgraph of the target gene node, and then the self-attention mechanism is used to calculate the edge signal intensities score in the subgraph, so as to remove the entities that are not important to the target gene in the subgraph. Finally, latent features of gene node are learned by graph neural network for SL prediction. The experimental findings demonstrate that our method performs better than the best baseline method, demonstrating the viability of our method.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence, Management and Prevention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant health concern for pregnant women, associated with various adverse outcomes for both the mother and the fetus. This systematic review consolidates the current understanding and research on GDM, focusing on its prevalence, prevention, and treatment strategies. The review aims to highlight key findings and areas for future research, emphasizing the need for high-quality, inclusive studies to substantiate the effectiveness of various interventions. The review discusses the pathophysiology of GDM, the impact of maternal and neonatal adverse effects, and the comparison of treatment options such as insulin and metformin. Additionally, the study examines lifestyle interventions, dietary supplementation, and the use of probiotics as preventive measures. Accurate prevalence estimates are essential for the effective allocation of health resources and the development of prevention and management policies to address the rising rates of GDM. This review underscores the importance of standardized diagnostic criteria and screening strategies to obtain accurate and comparable prevalence estimates, ultimately aiming to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
Quelle place pour les approches systémiques dans les dispositifs d’appui à l’innovation agricole ?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To meet the complex array of challenges that face family farming in sub-Saharan Africa, more inclusive innovation support schemes are now promoted. Systemic approaches may help development projects' field workers to acquire new skills in this regard. Using systemic concepts implies the hypothesis of productive processes' coherence and allow to tackle with their diversity. A practical implementation of such concepts is proposed here. A shared graphical language is designed to model complex fish farming system and to make technicians-producers dialogue easier.
Pharyngolaryngectomy, total extrathoracic esophagectomy and gastric transposition.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Total pharyngolaryngectomy, extrathoracic esophagectomy and immediate reconstruction using transposed stomach were performed without operative mortality in 16 patients using a two team approach. The intact transposed stomach appears to be a highly reliable esophageal substitute. Significant palliation was achieved since all were able to swallow by mouth until their death. Results in terms of survival were disappointing but, possibly, may be improved by better patient selection and the judicious use of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation.
Genetic Studies for Yield and Component Traits in Wheat (T. aestivum L.) Lines under Sodic Soils

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was carried out during rabi 2010–11 with 108 exotic and indigenous wheat lines at research farm of ND University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (UP), India to assess the genetic variability for yield and yield related traits under sodic soils condition. All the genotypes were evaluated for the eleven traits. All the data recorded were averaged and analyzed following the Federer, 1956 method. Genetic variability was statistically found for all the eleven traits. Maximum variations were observed among the entries for plant height with coefficient of variation 10.68% while minimum variability was found for productive tillers per plant. The entry HD 3027 required minimum days for 50% flowering while entries PBW 621 and NW 1014 showed early maturity. Minimum plant height was observed for entry NW 4082 while maximum number of productive tillers possess by entry KRL 229. One entry AMERY characterized by longest spike and entry KRL 99 had maximum spike weight per plant. The entries NW 1014 and NW(S) 6–5 provided maximum number of grain per spike while entry K 0808 possess highest 1000-grain weight. Maximum biological yield per plant and harvest index was exhibited by entries RAJ 4201 and NW 4091 respectively. The entry KHARCHIA 65 is mainly characterized by having maximum grain yield per plant. High genetic variability present in investigated wheat genotypes indicated scope for improvement in yield and yield components.
NECROPSY REPORTS ON PERSONS DYING SHORTLY AFTER THE EXTRACTION OF TEETH

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

From time to time attention has been called to the untoward results following the extraction of teeth. The clinical-pathologic reports of three deaths, occurring within a short time after the removal of teeth, are presented to emphasize again the dangers associated with the extraction of teeth.

REPORT OF CASES

Case 1.

—History.

—A white man, farmer, aged 44, had had diabetes existing over a period of three years. The patient failed to follow dietary regulations during this period and lost about 25 pounds (11 Kg.) and became weak. He had considerable trouble with all of his teeth, and on April 20, 1920, had two molars removed under gas anesthesia. Four days later the remaining teeth were extracted under gas anesthesia. Considerable hemorrhage followed the extractions. During the next five days the patient became seriously ill and on May 1 became comatose. The family physician recognized the condition as one of
Contemporary management of meconium ileus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Meconium ileus was noted as an early manifestation of cystic fibrosis in 60 neonates between 1972 and 1991. There were 20 girls and 40 boys. A family history of cystic fibrosis was present in six children. Twenty‐five neonates had uncomplicated meconium ileus due to inspissated meconium within the terminal ileum. Thirty‐five neonates presented with 56 complications of meconium ileus, including volvulus ( n = 22), atresia ( n = 20), perforation ( n = 6), and giant cystic meconium peritonitis ( n = 8). Clinical presentation included abdominal distension, bilious vomiting, and failure to pass meconium. In two recent cases, prenatal ultrasonography detected a mass with proximal bowel distension indicative of cystic meconium peritonitis. Mechanical bowel obstruction in the other neonates was diagnosed from plain abdominal radiographs and barium enema. Ten patients with uncomplicated meconium ileus were successfully treated with a diatrizoate meglumine (Gastrografin) enema. The remaining 15 patients required a laparotomy, with 9 treated by bowel resection and enterostomy and 6 recent cases managed with enterotomy and irrigation. Complicated cases were managed by bowel resection and anastomosis ( n = 15) or enterostomy ( n = 20). Survival at 1 year was 92% in patients with uncomplicated meconium ileus and 89% for those with complicated meconium ileus. The therapy of choice for uncomplicated meconium ileus is nonoperative Gastrografin enema, with enterotomy and irrigation reserved for enema failures. Complicated cases require exploration and, in the absence of giant cystic meconium peritonitis, are usually amenable to bowel resection and primary anastomosis .
Invasive Alien Plants in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review and Synthesis of Their Insecticidal Activities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Despite the cornucopia of agricultural, economic and ecological ramifications of invasive alien plant species (IAPs) in sub-Saharan Africa, studies on their potential use as bio-insecticides have not received adequate attention compared to the burgeoning plethora of literature on their use in ethnomedicine. In the current study, we review the existing, but scattered literature on the insecticidal activity of different parts of some IAPs; specifically those invasive in sub-Saharan Africa but with published literature from Africa and elsewhere. From our literature survey, we found that 69 studies from four continents (Africa, Asia, North America and South America) reported the insecticidal activity of 23 plant species from 13 families (Asteraceae = 6 species; Solanaceae = 3 species; Apocynacee, Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae 2 species each; Araceae, Bignoniaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Meliaceae, Mimosaceae, Myrtaceae, Papaveraceae, and Verbenaceae = 1 species each) that are invasive in, and alien to Africa. The highest number of published case studies were from India ( n = 19) and Nigeria ( n = 15). We found that varying concentrations of extracts or powders from different plant parts caused 50–100% mortality against a myriad of insect pests of agriculture and environmental importance. Our review discussed the prospects for exploiting IAPs as pesticidal plants in African countries especially among resource-poor small-holder farmers and locals to improve agricultural productivity and livelihoods. Finally, we highlighted safety concerns and challenges of using IAPs as bio-insecticides in Africa and formulates appropriate recommendations for future research.