jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of Comparative Law to Law Reform by International Organizations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Contribution of Comparative Law to Law Reform by International Organizations Get access Ole Lando Ole Lando 1Ole Lando is Professor of Comparative Law, Copenhagen School of Economics & Business Administration. This article is a report submitted to the Fourth European Conference of Law Faculties, 6-8 October 1976, in Strasbourg, published with the permission of the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Journal of Comparative Law, Volume 25, Issue 4, Autumn 1977, Pages 641–657, https://doi.org/10.2307/839930 Published: 01 October 1977
Towards development and validation of scale for ethical decision-making model in marketing

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to develop and validate scale for ethical decision-making model in marketing that confirms religious–humanistic approach with special reference to ethical philosophy in Islam. Synthesized model of Ferrell and Gresham contingency framework for ethical decision-making in marketing and Al-Ghazali’s ethical philosophy are considered as theoretical background of this study. Design/methodology/approach “Content validity test” and “factor analysis” are used to refine measurement items and define as well as validate the scale, respectively. A total of 362 samples were collected from Islamic banking practitioners in the United Arab Emirates. Findings Item scale of the constructs comprised in the conceptual model defined and validated by using content validity test (CVT). Underlying theoretical dimensions of the constructs were extracted through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and evidence of validation of scale/construct reported through CFA. Research limitations/implications The scope of this paper is limited to development and validation of scale. Future studies are suggested to use the newly validated scale/construct in descriptive model, and examine the hypotheses prescribed in the model. Further, explanations on theoretical background of this paper is limited as the main objective of this paper is to statistically validate the conceptual model adopted. Practical implications Proper application of validated scale of ethical decision-making model in marketing should enable concerned authorities of marketing department to gauge and understand the ethical aspects of individuals in the organizations. Apparently, apprehension of ethical perception of workforces in organizations should benefit in enhancing competence and minimize the costs from unethical behaviour, and, thus, better governance in whole level of management. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is an initial attempt to develop and validate the scale of ethical decision-making model in marketing that accommodates both religious and humanistic aspects into a single model to examine the decision-making behaviour related to ethical issues of individuals in organizations.
Corruption: Does Environmental Damage Constitute Staters Financial Loss?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the equalization of environmental damage with the financial loss of the S tate by the KPK's prosecutor in indicting the perpetrators of corru ption charged under article 2 and 3 of Act No. 31 Year 1999.The decision of the Corruption Court in Nur Alam case stating that the accused has been proven in committing corruption which is detrimental to the S tate's financial or economy, is a new breakthrough in handling corruption cases related to environmental damage.For the first time, the KPK's Prosecutor equates environmental damage with financial or economic losses of the S tate in Article 2 and Article 3.This paper will argue that the KPK's Prosecutor has used both the analogy and extensive interpretation.This article then explains the reasons, in which original definition of the S tate financial loss does not cover environmental damage.Secondly, the existence of Article 4 of the law on corruption eradication shows that environmental damage is not included in the S tate financial loss.The last is that the law maker does not have the idea that environmental damage is included in the State financial loss.
Brazilian Abolition - The Sacred Cause: The Abolitionist Movement, Afro-Brazilian Mobilization, and Imperial Politics in Rio de Janeiro. By Jeffrey D. Needell. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2020. Pp. xvii, 361. Notes. Illustrations. Bibliography. Index. $75.00 cloth.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Brazilian Abolition - The Sacred Cause: The Abolitionist Movement, Afro-Brazilian Mobilization, and Imperial Politics in Rio de Janeiro. By Jeffrey D. Needell. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2020. Pp. xvii, 361. Notes. Illustrations. Bibliography. Index. $75.00 cloth. - Volume 78 Issue 4
Mineral and Fermentative Profile of Forage Sorghum Irrigated with Brackish Water

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study determined the mineral composition of sorghum Ponta Negra and its silage, irrigated with different leaching fractions with brackish water. Two experiments were performed: The first step evaluated the sorghum irrigated by four leaching fractions with brackish water (0, 5, 10 and 15%) and 4 repetitions. In the second experiment, sorghum was harvested at 101 days to make experimental silos which, according to the leaching fractions, four treatments were formed, with 5 repetitions each, totaling 20 silos stored for 90 days. A randomized block design was adopted. Different leaching fractions with brackish water provided a quadratic behavior was observed for Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Sulfur (S) on the sorghum plant. A positive linear effect was observed for Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Sodium (Na) with the increase in leaching fractions with brackish water in the irrigation of sorghum plant. Regarding sorghum silage, the leaching fractions with brackish water promoted a positive linear effect for the N content and quadratic effect for P, K, Ca, Mg and Na. Despite the high content of soluble salts in the water resources available in arid and semi-arid regions, the use of irrigation leaching fraction has been considered a viable alternative for the production of tolerant forage crops.
Effect of Divalent Cations on Heat-induced Gelation of Chicken Gizzrd Myosin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ニワトリ砂嚢筋ミオシンの加熱ゲル形成能に及ぼす塩化鉄の影響を調べた.ミオシンの加熱ゲル強度はFeCl2の添加で上昇した.加熱ゲル強度に対するFeCl2の効果は塩濃度の違いで異なっていた.ミオシンの蛍光強度もFeCl2の添加により,低塩濃度(0.1～0.2M)では低下し,高塩濃度(0.4～0.5M)では上昇した.0.3M KClでは中間型の変化を示した.ゼロ長架橋剤(EDC)によるミオシンロッドの架橋はFeCl2によって促進された.FeCl2によるミオシンフィラメントあるいはミオシン分子のこれらの変化が加熱ゲル強度の上昇に関係していると推察できた.
Share, don’t shop: exploring value, sociality and the ‘alternative’ at clothing swaps

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the 2000s, second-hand clothing consumption has increased rapidly in acceptability, visibility and fashion-ability in the UK. Diversifying from informal, domestic sites like charity shops and car-boot fairs, second-hand channels now include more formalised, profit-driven retail spheres, including vintage boutiques, chain stores and online marketplaces. Clothes swaps are perhaps less visible due to their informality and ad-hoc organisation. However, within local communities swaps have begun to proliferate- from student union free-for-alls, to swap parties, to ‘gender swap’ events for trans people- and there is now at least one dedicated clothes swapping app, Nuw. This essay analyses the growing activity of clothes swapping as material-cultural practice. Drawing on interdisciplinary theories spanning cultural geography, anthropology and feminist theory, I explore three case studies in Norwich, UK. Exploring different types of swaps allows a wider view of swapping practices; the interplay of space, exchange and sociality; and the diverse journeys or ‘flows’ which garments take as ‘mobile’ matter, rather than merely the accumulated possession of individuals (Gregson and Beale 2004, p.692). Since clothing enables exploration of the self, I consider how swaps sustain collective negotiations of identity and style. At private swaps, for example, clothing’s inalienability from previous wearers can prove problematic, blurring boundaries between self and other, whereas at public swaps, the opportunity to experiment with style can be liberating. Finally, I examine swapping’s relationship to wider fashion systems, both dependent on and undermining first-hand consumption. Participants’ attitudes and motivations often imply opposition to mainstream fashion, though this is complicated by the flow of clothing into swaps and the volume of their clothing acquisition. Nevertheless, in circumventing the pressures and ethical issues of the fashion industry, swappers may find space in which to question and challenge dominant modes of consumption.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Akuntansi, Tingkat Pendidikan Latar Belakang Pendidikan dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Penggunaan Informasi Akuntansi pada Pelaku UMKM Di Kabupaten Dompu

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of accounting knowledge, education level, educational background and work motivation on the use of accounting information in MSMEs in Dompu City. This research uses associative research which aims to determine the relationship or association between two or more variables by distributing questionnaires to 137 owners/managers. The result of this study is that there is a significant influence between accounting knowledge and work motivation on the use of accounting information. However, the level of education and educational background does not have a significant influence on the use of accounting information. This research can be used by the Office of Cooperatives and MSMEs as input for related parties to increase guidance to business actors in managing finances, making decisions and making policies regarding the use of accounting information for owners or managers of MSMEs in developing and improving their business.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan akuntansi, tingkat pendidikan, latar belakang pendidikan dan motivasi kerja terhadap penggunaan informasi akuntansi pada pelaku UMKM di Kabupaten Dompu. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian asosiatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan atau asosiasi antara dua atau lebih variabel, dengan menyebarkan kuesioner pada 137 pemilik/manager. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara pengetahuan akuntansi dan motivasi kerja terhadap penggunaan informasi akuntansi. Akan tetapi tingkat pendidikan dan latar belakang pendidikan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penggunaan informai akuntansi. Penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM sebagai masukan bagi pihak terkait untuk peningkatan pembinaan kepada pelaku usaha dalam mengelola keuangan, mengambil keputusan serta membuat kebijakan mengenai penggunaan informasi akuntansi bagi pemilik atau manajer UMKM dalam mengembangkan dan meningkatkan usahanya
Endocrinologic and Pathologic Findings in Birds with Polyostotic Hyperostosis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Polyostotic hyperostosis is a radiographic finding that is often seen in companion birds. Hyperestrogenism might be causative. The purpose of this study was to compare endocrinologic and pathologic findings in birds with polyostotic hyperostosis. Thirty-five birds with polyostotic hyperostosis and three control birds were examined. Blood samples were taken for endocrinologic evaluation (estrone, estradiol, testosterone, and estrone sulfate concentrations) and the values com- pared with pathologic findings. Our findings did not support the hypothesis that polyostotic hyper- ostosis is caused by hyperestrogenism.
[Instrumental diagnosis of obstructive jaundice: brushing versus biopsy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report on a series of 60 patients (31 men and 29 women; mean age: 63 years, range: 37-87 years) submitted to brushing and/or biopsy of the biliary tree through a percutaneous biliary drainage. The tumor involved the biliary bifurcation in 13 cases (21.7%), the biliary duct in 32 cases (53.4%), the right hepatic duct in 1 case (1.6%) and the left hepatic duct in 1 case (1.6%). The metal endoprosthesis was obstructed in 6 cases (10%), while a stenosis of the biliodigestive anastomosis was shown in 7 cases. We used a particular bristle brush and a flexible forceps of the alligator type for cholangioscopic biopsy. Forty-three patients had a malignant stenosis; the diagnosis was confirmed histologically and with clinical follow-up. The comparative adequacy of brushing versus biopsy resulted as follows: 33.3% versus 89.6% sensitivity, 100% specificity for both methods and 59.3% versus 89.6% accuracy. We had 14 versus 3 false negatives and no false positives. Neither brushing nor biopsy brought about any complications. To conclude, biopsy is more accurate and sensitive than brush cytology (91.6% vs 59.3% and 89.6% vs 33.3%, respectively) and therefore it is a safer and faster method to diagnose obstructive jaundice.
Role of carrier-based biofertilizer in reclamation of saline soil and wheat growth

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Pseudomonas moraviensis and Bacillus cereus, were used as bioinoculants on wheat, applied alone and in combination. Ground maize straw and sugarcane husk were used as carriers. Experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2010 and 2011) under axenic conditions in the greenhouse of Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. Sodium chloride (NaCl) (150 mM) was applied with irrigated water after 7 and 14 days of seed germination. Measurements made 40 days after sowing (DAS) revealed that P. moraviensis and B. cereus have better survival efficiency (as evidenced by higher colony forming units (CFUs)) in the carriers. The substantial increase in CFU of both PGPR was also observed in the soil at 57 DAS. Coinoculation of PGPR with both the carrier materials significantly decreased electrical conductivity (EC) and Na+ content of soil over control. The N, P, K+, Ca+, and Mg+ contents were 30–40% higher in soil, and 30–45% higher in leaves. Coinoculation of PGPR with carriers significantly increased chlorophyll, protein, sugar, phytohormone contents, and antioxidant activities of leaves. The application of biofertilizers improved the yield of wheat by 15–25% over control. It is inferred that the carriers assisted PGPR for long-time survival, and the formulation was applicable in promoting crop production under salt stress.
Knowing a network by walking on it: emergence of scaling

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A model for growing networks is introduced, having as a main ingredient that new nodes are attached to the network through one existing node and then explore the network through the links of the visited nodes. From exact calculations of two limiting cases and numerical simulations the phase diagram of the model is obtained. In the stationary limit, large network sizes, a phase transition from a network with finite average connectivity to a network with a power law distribution of connectivities, with no finite average, is found. Results are compared with measurements on real networks.
Abstract P-277: MECHANICAL VENTILATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL STABILITY AND OUTCOME IN MALNOURISHED PATIENTS ADMITTED TO PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT IN GUATEMALA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims & Objectives: Determine the quality of care perfomance related in mechanical ventilation and outcome in malnourished pediatrics patients Methods 286 patients Physiological stabillity evaluation based in PRISM socre are performed since admission, 12 hours and 24 hours. Clincal, laboratory and anthropometric consdirations are used to nutritional assesment. Follow up of physiological variables are recorded and compered with the outcome of the patient admitted of PICU in Hospital General San Juan de DIos in GUatemala City. The approach of the chief complait is based to standard approach, guidelines and protocols accepted in the field. 7/ 2015 – 7/2016 Results PRISM socre above 23 pointsis realted with more mortality and the relation of observed and predicted mortality is > 1. Mechanical Ventilation and lack of endorsement of quality standards are related with increase risk in 40 %, realted complications as Ventilator Adquired Pneumonia, Pneumotorax, evidence of higher values of FiO2, higher Tidal Volume, Oxygenation Index, Alveolar-Arterial gradient and lower pH and pO2 since admission and mantain in 72 hours are related with mortality. No difference if related with nutritional status Conclusions The adherence to quality standard in mechanical ventilation, strategies and goals is neceesarry to adjust the mortality realted physiological stability. Nutritional status is no realted with outcome and stabilty approach but for all the performance the evaluation os adherence is strong recommended.
Advancing Nonmarket Strategy Research: Institutional Perspectives in a Changing World

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Executive Overview Nonmarket strategy is now well established as a legitimate field of research. In this paper, we review the dominant paradigms in contemporary nonmarket research and report on the key insights and findings from those perspectives. We use this review to suggest that the integration of institutional and strategic perspectives provides a logical path for the continued development of nonmarket strategy research going forward. Looking ahead, our premise is that institutional perspectives will have an increased relevance to nonmarket scholarship, particularly with the increasing importance of emergent economies to international business. As companies are required to invest more in nonmarket practices, and adapt those practices to unique country contexts, we anticipate that research will increasingly draw from multiple conceptual paradigms and perspectives.
Azimuthal anisotropy of the crust and uppermost mantle in northeast North China Craton from inversion of Rayleigh wave phase velocity

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We imaged the azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh wave phase velocity (10–60 s) in northeast North China Craton using the teleseismic data recorded by a dense temporary array, and then inverted for the 3-D azimuthal anisotropy of the crust and uppermost mantle (20–110 km). The results reveal that the azimuthal anisotropy varies both horizontally and vertically. Obvious stratified azimuthal anisotropy is shown in the Central Orogenic Belt, where the fast direction is NE–SW to NNE–SSW in the depth range of 20–40 km and changes to NW–SE to NWW–SEE in the depth range of 60–110 km. In the depth range of 30–40 km, a prominent low velocity belt is shown on the southwest of Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault zone (ZPFZ) and the fast direction is subparallel to the strike of the low velocity belt. Distinct lateral variations of azimuthal anisotropy are clearly shown at 110 km. Our results provide new evidence for the existence of upwelling asthenosphere beneath the Datong volcano and support the assumption that ZPFZ may act as the channel of upwelling asthenosphere. Historical strong earthquakes (M ≥ 6.0) mainly occurred in the transition zone between low and high velocity anomalies in the upper and middle crust. The upwelling asthenosphere may prompt the generation of large earthquake.
[NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES AND FUTURE TRENDS IN TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ONCOLOGY].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Translational research in medicine has undergone significant changes in the last decade, primarily due to the remarkable technological advancements made during this period. Oncology research is at the forefront of translational research in medicine and is heavily influenced by these changes. In this article, we briefly review the technologies that form the basis for the "next generation of translational research" in oncology in the coming decades, as well as the emerging trends in translational research in oncology through the implementation of these technologies.
A Fairy Tale from Consultative Land

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsD. FergusonDorothy Ferguson is an educational psychologist working with the Education Department's Psychological Service in Northumberland. This fairy tale represents only her own fantasies and not those of her own fairy godpersons. It was accepted for publication in the journal prior to its inclusion in ‘Favourite Fables: A collection’ by Ed Sikes.
Public Reactions to Poor Families: Characteristics That Influence Attitudes toward Assistance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

is knownabout the normative judgments of the public on the subject of welfare bene-fits. Because reform is taking place in several key aspects of the national wel-fare system, it is important to know the congruence of public attitudes and public policy in this area. On the basis of a vignette study describing poor single-and two-parent families with varying levels of income, numbers of children, work status and motivation, educational achievements, and so on, this research explores three issues regarding what the American public thinks is fair when redistributing public resources to low-income families. First, what characteristics of families are judged important by citizens deciding on the appropriate level of support? Is ob-jective need for help more important than such &quot;deservingness &quot; factors as work ef-fort or reasons for not working? (The words &quot;deservingness, &quot; &quot;deserving,&quot; and &quot;undeserving &quot; reflect a categoriza-tion imposed by public attitudes, rather than chosen by the author.) Second, how much consensus is there among the American public on this ques-tion? Is there a &quot;normative &quot; consensus on the factors that take highest priority in deciding what is fair? Does everyone, regardless of income, education, or ideology, balance need and deserving-ness factors in the same way? Third, given that recommended dollar amounts of assistance are produced from the vignette study, how do these amounts compare with the official poverty line and with current welfare benefits such as
Antioxidative Properties of Squid Protein Hydrolysates Prepared Using Seer Fish Visceral Enzymes in Comparison with Commercial Enzymes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the present study, antioxidative potential of squid protein hydrolysates (SPH) prepared using endogenous pepsin and trypsin prepared from the stomach and pyloric ceca of seer fish respectively was evaluated, in comparison with commercial enzymes. Degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the pepsin SPH ranged between 8–11% and trypsin SPH between 12–14% after 150 min of hydrolysis. SPH prepared with endogenous enzymes had significantly higher DH than commercial enzymes. Pepsinogen SPH expressed more DH than pepsin SPH. Trypsin SPH exhibited good metal chelating ability (98%), which was equivalent to EDTA at 130 ppm. Pepsin SPH showed higher super oxide anion scavenging activity (75%). Trypsin and pepsin SPH also had high DPPH radical scavenging (85%), ABTS radical scavenging (93%) and ferric reducing (Abs700 = 1.2) abilities. Thus, metal chelating and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities of SPH are dependent on enzymes rather than DH.