jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cell Type-Specific Chromatin Signatures Underline Regulatory DNA Elements in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Somatic Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Rationale: Regulatory DNA elements in the human genome play important roles in determining the transcriptional abundance and spatiotemporal gene expression during embryonic heart development and somatic cell reprogramming. It is not well known how chromatin marks in regulatory DNA elements are modulated to establish cell type–specific gene expression in the human heart. Objective: We aimed to decipher the cell type–specific epigenetic signatures in regulatory DNA elements and how they modulate heart-specific gene expression. Methods and Results: We profiled genome-wide transcriptional activity and a variety of epigenetic marks in the regulatory DNA elements using massive RNA-seq (n=12) and ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with high-throughput sequencing; n=84) in human endothelial cells (CD31 + CD144 + ), cardiac progenitor cells (Sca-1 + ), fibroblasts (DDR2 + ), and their respective induced pluripotent stem cells. We uncovered 2 classes of regulatory DNA elements: class I was identified with ubiquitous enhancer (H3K4me1) and promoter (H3K4me3) marks in all cell types, whereas class II was enriched with H3K4me1 and H3K4me3 in a cell type–specific manner. Both class I and class II regulatory elements exhibited stimulatory roles in nearby gene expression in a given cell type. However, class I promoters displayed more dominant regulatory effects on transcriptional abundance regardless of distal enhancers. Transcription factor network analysis indicated that human induced pluripotent stem cells and somatic cells from the heart selected their preferential regulatory elements to maintain cell type–specific gene expression. In addition, we validated the function of these enhancer elements in transgenic mouse embryos and human cells and identified a few enhancers that could possibly regulate the cardiac-specific gene expression. Conclusions: Given that a large number of genetic variants associated with human diseases are located in regulatory DNA elements, our study provides valuable resources for deciphering the epigenetic modulation of regulatory DNA elements that fine-tune spatiotemporal gene expression in human cardiac development and diseases.
A cross-sectional study investigating knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the general population regarding early diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of the general population concerning early diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2023 to January 2024 in regional hospitals in Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, Shanghai City, and other areas. Demographic information and KAP scores were collected through the distribution of questionnaires. Results A total of 582 participants were enrolled in the study, comprising 298 females (51.2%). The median (25 th percentile and 75 th percentile) scores of KAP were 21 (8, 43), 38 (33, 43), and 31 (24, 36), respectively. Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between knowledge and attitude, a positive correlation between attitude and practice, and an insignificant correlation between knowledge and practice. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that several factors were independently associated with low knowledge scores. These factors included being younger than 30 years, having a nonmedically related occupation, and not being vaccinated against the hepatitis virus. Conversely, having an education level of high school or below, having a nonmedically related occupation, and not having acquaintances affected by hepatitis were independently associated with negative attitudes. Furthermore, having an education level of high school or below and having a nonmedically related occupation were independently associated with negative practices. Conclusion The general population had insufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, and proactive practices toward early diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis. Targeted educational campaigns should prioritize younger individuals, those with nonmedical occupations, and males to improve awareness and practices.
HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N at TNG XIII. A sub-Neptune around the M dwarf GJ 720 A

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Context. The high number of super-Earth and Earth-like planets in the habitable zone (HZ) detected around M-dwarf stars in the last years has revealed these stellar objects to be the key for planetary radial velocity (RV) searches. Aims. Using the HARPS-N spectrograph within The HArps-n red Dwarf Exoplanet Survey (HADES) we reach the precision needed to detect small planets with a few Earth masses using the RV technique. Methods. We obtained 138 HARPS-N RV measurements between 2013 May and 2020 September of GJ 720 A, classified as an M0.5V star located at a distance of 15.56 pc. To characterize the stellar variability and to discern the periodic variation due to the Keplerian signals from those related to stellar activity, the HARPS-N spectroscopic activity indicators and the simultaneous photometric observations were analyzed. The combined analysis of HARPS-N RVs and activity indicators let us to address the nature of the periodic signals. The final model and the orbital planetary parameters were obtained by fitting simultaneously the stellar variability and the Keplerian signal using a Gaussian process regression and following a Bayesian criterion. Results. The HARPS-N RV periodic signals around 40 d and 100 d have counterparts at the same frequencies in HARPS-N activity indicators and photometric light curves. Then we attribute these periodicities to stellar activity the former period being likely associated with the stellar rotation. GJ 720 A shows the most significant signal at 19.466$\pm$0.005 d with no counterparts in any stellar activity indices. We hence ascribe this RV signal, having a semiamplitude of 4.72$\pm$0.27 m/s , to the presence of a sub-Neptune mass planet. The planet GJ 720 Ab has a minimum mass of 13.64$\pm$0.79 M$_{\oplus}$, it is in circular orbit at 0.119$\pm$0.002 AU from its parent star, and lies inside the inner boundary of the HZ around its parent star.
Benzene: Chains of Influence in Deciding Exposure Limits

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Workers in several industrial processes may be exposed to benzene fumes, with leukaemia being a possible adverse health effect. The evidence for such an effect is reviewed with the emphasis placed on the identification of the dates when new knowledge emerged. The resulting historical sequence has then been compared with the dates when changes in regulatory levels of ben zene were proposed by a number of industrial safety committees. From the analyses, it is clear that the decision of other 'key' committees is more impor tant than the changes in the toxicological database in prompting changes in regulatory levels of benzene.
Diffusional kurtosis imaging in evaluating the secondary change of corticospinal tract after unilateral cerebral infarction.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We investigated to evaluate whether diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) can early detect the microstructure change of corticospinal tract (CST) after unilateral cerebral infarction solely in middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. Seventy-seven patients with MCA territory infarct consisting of 10 subjects of hyperacute phase, 22 subjects of acute phase, 28 subjects of subacute phase and 17 subjects of chronic phase were enrolled in this study. ROI method was performed to measure the mean value of the infarcted area and the areas which belongs to CST [including the posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC), cerebral peduncle (CP), pons, and medulla] in both ipsilateral and contralateral mirror side in all the DKI-derived parametric maps. Compared with the contralateral mirror side, MK, K║, K┴ in the infarcted area sharply increased to a peak in acute phase, and then gradually fell down. MD, D║ and D┴ decreased till acute phase and then started to increase gradually. FA decreased more and more seriously from hyperacute to chronic phase. K║ and D║ were more helpful to detect the subtle changes of CST after infarction as they both had significant changes in all phases. Moreover, there were more locations that had significant changes with time going on. To conclude, DKI, especially the variable K║ and D║, may serve as a new biomarker to observe the microstructure change of the descending CST, which may reflect the extent of Wallerian degeneration and be helpful for clinical decision making.
Radiosynovectomy for hemophilic arthropathies. Analysis of opportunities and prospects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction . A characteristic symptom of hemophilia is joint hemorrhage (hemarthroses). Aim : to evaluate the possibilities of radiosynovectomy in hemophilic arthropathies. Main findings . Radiosynovectomy (RSE) or radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) is a technique that achieves a long-lasting effect in chronic synovitis and hemophilic arthropathy. It consists of intra-articular injection of radiopharmaceuticals (RFLP) in the form of colloidal solutions, macroaggregates or microspheres containing radioactive isotopes, which are rapidly phagocytized by the covering cells of the synovial membrane. After such capture, the synovial sheath is subjected to intensive “internal” irradiation, which results in superficial fibrosis of synovial tissue and persistent suppression of joint inflammation.
Electron beams and Z-pinches as plasma strippers and lens for low-energy heavy ions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Numerous approaches to the production of intense beams of highly charged heavy ions are compared and contrasted. The competing processes of ionization and electron capture are described and evaluated to explore ways to further improve upon the encouraging recent results from electron-beam (E-MEVVA) and low-impedance Z-discharge (LIZ-MeV) variations on the venerable metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) ion source.
De Finetti's problem with fixed transaction costs and regime switching

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we examine a modified version of de Finetti's optimal dividend problem, incorporating fixed transaction costs and altering the surplus process by introducing two-valued drift and two-valued volatility coefficients. This modification aims to capture the transitions or adjustments in the company's financial status. We identify the optimal dividend strategy, which maximizes the expected total net dividend payments (after accounting for transaction costs) until ruin, as a two-barrier impulsive dividend strategy. Notably, the optimal strategy can be explicitly determined for almost all scenarios involving different drifts and volatility coefficients. Our primary focus is on exploring how changes in drift and volatility coefficients influence the optimal dividend strategy.
A Discovery Model of Oil Reserves in the UK Sector of the North Sea

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this chapter is to construct a model which would provide us with the optimal investment plan for exploration for oil reserves in the North Sea area in the British sector and which would thus provide us with a prediction for future discoveries of oil reserves. The question is important because future discoveries would provide the increases in the upper limit which crude oil production can reach in the future, and the upper limit is changing over time because of continuous extraction and discoveries of oil reserves.KeywordsSuccess RatioOptimum ExpenditureDiscovery ModelFuture DiscoveryProved ReserveThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: demographics, risk factors and outcome: an 11 year review in Hong Kong

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study is to analyze the incidence, clinical characteristics, management and outcome of children presenting with DKA in new-onset T1D from 2008 to 2018 in Hong Kong. Methods Data was extracted from the Hong Kong Childhood Diabetes Registry. All subjects less than 18 years with newly diagnosed T1D from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018 managed in the public hospitals were included. Information on demographics, laboratory parameters, DKA-related complications and management were analyzed. Results In the study period, there were 556 children with newly diagnosed T1D in our registry and 43.3% presented with DKA. The crude incidence rate of new-onset T1D with DKA was 1.79 per 100,000 persons/year (CI: 1.56–2.04). Subjects presenting with DKA were younger (9.5 ± 4.5 vs. 10.5 ± 4.4, p=0.01) and had shorter duration of symptoms (4.2 ± 5.9 days vs. 10.6 ± 17.1 days, p<0.01). Regarding management, up to 12.4% were given insulin boluses and 82.6% were started on insulin infusion 1 h after fluid resuscitation. The rate of cerebral edema was 0.8% and there was no mortality. Conclusions Younger age and shorter duration of symptoms were associated with DKA in new-onset T1D. Despite availability of international guidelines, there was inconsistency in acute DKA management. These call for a need to raise public awareness on childhood diabetes as well as standardization of practice in management of pediatric DKA in Hong Kong.
Avoiding Secants of Given Size in Finite Projective Planes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Let be a prime power and be a natural number. What are the possible cardinalities of point sets in a projective plane of order , which do not intersect any line at exactly points? This problem and its variants have been investigated before, in relation with blocking sets, untouchable sets or sets of even type, among others. In this article, we show a series of results which point out the existence of all or almost all possible values for , provided that is not close to the extremal values 0 or . Moreover, using polynomial techniques we show that for every prescribed list of numbers , there exists a point set with the following property: holds for the th line , .
MANAGERIAL COMPETENCE OF SCHOOL PRINCIPAL PERFORMANCE IN TULANG BAWANG DISTRICT, LAMPUNG PROVINCE IN 2022

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to comprehensively reveal the competence of school principals in Tulang Bawang Regency. This research is a case study research in the field using an analytical perspective. This field research is a collaboration with school supervisors to obtain accurate and reliable data. It was concluded that the highest managerial competence of the principals of SMP in Tulang Bawang Regency was SMP Yapindo with a score of 3.89 followedby SMPN 2 Banjar Agung with a score of 3.86, SMPN 3 Menggala with a score of 3.8, SMPN Satap 2 Gedung Meneng with a score of 3.26, SMP Dwipa Karya Mandiri with a score 3.23, Menggala 4 Middle School with a score of 3.14, Angkasa Middle School with a score of 3.03, Meneng Satap 1 Middle School with a score of 2.87, and the lowest was obtained by Satap 3 Meneng Building Middle School. The average performance of school principals in managerial competence is 3.30. This means that the performance of school principals is classified as good. Key words: Principal, Junior high, Competency, Managerial.Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap secara komprehensif kompetensi kepala sekolah di Kabupaten Tulang Bawang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian studi kasus di lapangan dengan menggunakan perspektif analitik. Penelitian lapangan ini merupakan kolaborasi dengan pengawas sekolah guna mendapatkan data yang akurat dan dapat dipercaya. Disimpulkan bahwa kompetensi manajerial kepala sekolah SMP Se-Kabupaten Tulang Bawang tertinggi adalah SMP Yapindo dengan skor 3.89 diikuti SMPN 2 Banjar Agung dengan skor 3.86, SMPN 3 Menggala dengan skor 3.8, SMPN Satap 2 Gedung Meneng dengan skor 3.26, SMP Dwipa Karya Mandiri dengan skor 3.23, SMP 4 Menggala dengan skor 3.14, SMP Angkasa dengan skor 3.03, SMPN Satap 1 Gedung Meneng dengan skor 2.87, dan terendah didapat oleh SMPN Satap 3 Gedung Meneng. Rata-rata kinerja kepala sekolah pada kompetensi manajerial adalah 3.30 ini berarti bahwa kinerja kepala sekolah tergolong Baik.Kata kunci: Kepala sekolah, SMP, Kompetensi, Manajerial
A Facile Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing 1,7-Phenanthrolines by the Cyclization of N-Propargyl-6,8-bis(trifluoroacetyl)quinolin-5-amine with Various Active Methylene Compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The reaction of N-propargyl-6,8-bis(trifluoroacetyl)quinolin-5-amine(1) with various active methylene compounds gave the novel fluorine-containing 1,7-phenanthroline derivatives (3).Furthermore, changing the electron-withdrawing groups on active methylene compounds induced interesting alternation of the reaction site wherein the enolate anions attack first and led to construction of the different nitrogen-containing heterocyclic systems, 1,7-phenanthrolinone (4) and 1,4-dihydro-1,7-phenanthroline (5).
Sonar based map building for a mobile robot

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a mobile robot equipped with a sonar sensor array, Werrimbi, in a guided feature based map building task in an indoor environment. Common indoor landmarks such as planes, corners and edges are located and classified with a multiple transducer sensor array. Accurate odometry information is derived from a pair of narrow unloaded encoder wheels. Discrete sonar observations are incrementally merged into partial planes to produce a realistic representation of environment. Collinearity constraints among features are exploited to enhance state estimation. The map update utilises Julier-Uhlmann Kalman Filter (JUKF) which improves the accuracy of covariance propagation through nonlinear equations and eliminates the need to derive Jacobian matrices. Correlation among map features and robot location are explicitly represented. Partial planes are also used to eliminate phantom targets caused by sonar specular reflection. 1.
A Case of Structural Interference across Sensory Modalities in Second-Language Learning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Victor, a biologically normal child of normal hearing and good intelligence, had almost no exposure to spoken language until he was three years old; his only language until that time was the sign language which he learned from his deaf-mute parents. Three structural features of sign language are described, and evidence is presented that Victor structured his sentences in those ways when his speech development began. It is argued that the presence of structural interference from sign language in Victor's speech suggests that the manner of functioning of our innate capacity to acquire speech may differ depending on the nature of prior linguistic experience.
Family Healthcare Functions in Caring for Diabetic Ulcer Patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Diabetic ulcers are the most common complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic ulcers are full-thickness wounds that frequently occur in specific parts of the body, particularly in the lower extremities. These wounds are a significant concern because they can lead to severe complications, including infections, amputations, and even reduced quality of life if not managed properly. Patients with diabetic ulcers require not only medical attention but also substantial support from their families in daily care and management. The family plays a crucial role in providing therapeutic health care to members suffering from diabetic ulcers. This includes ensuring proper wound care, helping patients adhere to prescribed treatment regimens, monitoring blood glucose levels, and supporting lifestyle changes such as a balanced diet and regular physical activity. However, the extent to which families can perform these roles effectively depends on their knowledge and caregiving abilities. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge and abilities of families in caring for family members with diabetic ulcers. This research is a quantitative descriptive study conducted with a sample of 37 respondents, selected using a total sampling technique. The study utilized a questionnaire that had been rigorously tested for validity and reliability to ensure the accuracy of the findings. The results of this study indicate that while the majority of families (59.5%) possess good knowledge about diabetic ulcers and their care, a significant proportion (64.9%) lack the ability to effectively care for family members with this condition. These findings highlight the need for targeted education and training programs to enhance the caregiving skills of families, enabling them to provide better support and improve outcomes for patients with diabetic ulcers.
Antioxidative and Antigenotoxic Activity of Extracts from Rhododendron mucromulatum Turcz. Flowers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

진달래 꽃 50 g에 1 L의 네 가지 용매(메탄올, 에탄올, 아세톤, 물)를 각각 가하여 추출한 다음, 농축하여 각각의 용매별 추출물을 얻었다. 이 용매별 추출물을 이용하여 진달래꽃의 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 총 페놀 함량(TPC)은 물 추출물이 328.1 ㎎/g GAE로 가장 높았고, DPPH 라디칼 소거능(RSA)은 아세톤 추출물의 IC50값이 78 ㎍/mL으로 가장 낮은 값을 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, 환원력(RP)의 경우에는 메탄올, 에탄올, 아세톤 추출물의 ICSUB50/SUB값이 각각 469, 449, 454 ㎍/mL으로 ascorbic acid(ICSUB50/SUB: 428 ㎍/mL)와 비슷하게 높은 활성을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 산화적 DNA 손상 보호효과를 측정한 결과 메탄올과 아세톤 추출물은 1 ㎍/mL에서 50 ㎍/mL의 농도로 처리한 결과 유의적으로 DNA 손상정도가 감소하였고, 물 추출물의 경우에는 5 ㎍/mL 처리구부터 음성대조구의 DNA 손상정도와 비슷한 DNA 손상 보호효과를 보여주었다. 따라서 진달래 꽃 추출물이 천연 항산화제로서의 잠재적 가능성을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다.
Ambition as a micro-foundation of party loyalty

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The micro-foundations of party unity are still an understudied topic in comparative politics. This article explores the effects of political ambition on party loyalty in Members of the Chamber of Deputies’ (MCDs) claimed votes based on attitudinal data. Ambition theory posits that ambitious politicians should act according to the (s)electorate they are aiming to win for the next election, therefore acting prospectively in their legislative votes. Findings suggest that MCDs seeking office in the national executive branch are more likely to follow the party line and less likely to side with their district or vote inconsistently. While inclusiveness of candidate selection procedures alone does not have an effect, its interaction with differing ambitions does. The results provide us with a first systematic analysis of ambition and its effect on party loyalty in 14 countries by examining the individual MCD more closely.
2118 Preventative Measures of Passenger Fall Accidents from Chair on Line in Chairlifts

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes preventative measures of passenger fall accidents from chair on line in chairlifts. Ropeway and chairlift accidents of the same kind showed the highest frequency of occurrence in passenger fall accidents from chair on line. Also detailed analysis showed accidents occurrence situations of chairlifts without safety bar and with safety bar. Corrective actions to prevent passengers fall accidents from chair on line are discussed based on the above analysis results. Further corrective actions for safety of these accidents are expected to be taken on the basis of lessons learned from the past accidents.