jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION AND CONSENSUS BEST PRACTICES FOR SKILLED NURSING FACILITY TO HOME TRANSITIONS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Community-dwelling patients treated in U.S. skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) after an acute hospitalization have a high incidence and prevalence of comorbidities and geriatric syndromes. These patients are also high risk for poor outcomes such as death and hospital readmission. This presentation will provide an introduction to the SNF model of care and to characteristics of this patient population, their epidemiology, and their healthcare outcomes and needs. Finally, the Best Practices will be briefly outlined to lay the groundwork for the following presentations, which will highlight practical steps to implementation.
Experimental study of effect of stenosis geometry on pressure loss for periodic flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A stenosis is a narrowing in a tubular organ. In medicine, vessel stenosis poses health risk for people. In the last work, experimental investigation of pressure loss coefficient for varying stenosis eccentricity and shape for steady flow were performed. In this work, experimental investigation of pressure loss for varying stenosis eccentricity and shape under periodic flow were performed. Four models of different geometry were studied, two models are axisymmetric stenoses and two models are eccentric stenoses. All models were stenosis of 75% area reduction. The periodic flow, generated by a controllable pump, has sinus shape in an inlet. The measuring range of medium Reynolds number was from 500 to 1500, range of ratio between an amplitude and medium flow rate was from 0.2 to 0.6 and range of frequency was from 0.2 to 1 Hz. The pressure loss for each conditions was quantified by mean value, amplitude and phase shift against flow rate.
Effects of Oleuropein and Peracetic Acid as Sanitizing Agents for Inactivation of Biofilms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The development of more efficient sanitizers for reducing the biofilm produced by pathogenic bacteria is of great importance, especially in the food industry. The aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the efficiency of oleuropein (OLE), extracted from olive leaves, and peracetic acid (PAA), alone or in combination, to inactivate biofilms formed by a strong biofilm-producer strain of Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 7644). A disk diffusion method was also used to assess the susceptibility of the ATCC 7644 strain cells to OLE and/or PAA. Triplicate biofilm assays were prepared on stainless steel coupons (1x1 cm2) during 48 h without stirring. After incubation, the stainless steel was washed (NaCl 0.85%) and immersed in solutions of OLE (5.0 mg/mL) and/or PAA (2.0%) for 1 min. After 1-min treatment, the disinfectant solutions were removed from the tube. Two mL of sodium thiosulfate 0.1 M was placed in the tube to stop reaction. The inactivation of biofilms was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. L. monocytogenes cells tested in the disk diffusion method was not susceptible to OLE (inhibition zone (IZ) = 6 mm), although its susceptibility was intermediate for PAA (IZ = 8.67 mm) and higher for PAA+OLE (IZ = 14 mm). Compared with PAA, OLE alone in contact with biofilms had also lower bactericidal activity on the biofilms. However, the treatment of OLE in combination with PAA resulted in greater inactivation of L. monocytogenes cells in biofilms. Results indicate a potential application of OLE for enhancing the bactericidal effect of PAA against L. monocytogenes biofilms, although further studies are necessary to understand the mechanisms of action of OLE in combination with commercial chemical sanitizers.
Study of Poisson's Ratios of Graphene and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Based on an Improved Molecular Structural Mechanics Model

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary The Poisson’s ratios of a single layered graphene sheet and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are computed using an improved equivalent structural mechanics model where the bond angle variations are modeled by the flexible connections of framed structures. The accuracy of the results given by the present model is evaluated by comparing the predicted results with the experimental data and the theoretical and computational results reported in the literature. It is shown that the Poisson’s ratios given by the present computational model agree with the experimental data. The present result shows that the Poisson’s ratios of both graphene and SWCNTs are chirality depend.
OC44 DYNAMIC RELEASE OF GROWTH FACTORS FROM FRESH FROZEN CANCELLOUS BONE ALLOGRAFT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family and play a central role in bone formation. These morpho-gens are known to be present in bone matrix however the characteristics of their release during the grafting process has not previously been defined. The aim of this study was to determine the release BMP-7 (osteogenic protein; OP-1) from cancellous allograft that occurs during impaction grafting for revision hip arthroplasty. Forty, 10mm cubes of cancellous bone were accurately cut from the central region of 7 fresh frozen femoral heads. The cubes were centrifuged and washed to remove the marrow contents. The cubes were then individually washed and the fluid assayed for BMP-7 activity using a commercially available enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay kit (Raybiotech Inc.). The cubes were then divided into 4 groups with samples from each femoral head in each group. Each group was subjected to strain of either 20%, 40%, 60% or 80% using a material testing machine. The cubes were then individually washed again and the wash fluid analysed for BMP-7 activity. BMP-7 activity was found to be present in all groups. Release of BMP-7 was found to increase with increasing strain. At 80% strain the mean concentration of BMP-7 released (830 pg/g) was 58% greater than that released at 60% strain (527 pg/g), 150% greater than the concentration at 40% strain (333 pg/g) and 476% greater than at 20% strain (144 pg/g). The differences between release at 80% and 40% strain and between 80% and 20% strain were statistically significant (p=0.036, p=0.002). Activity of BMP-7 in fresh frozen cancellous allograft bone has not previously been demonstrated. This study shows that the freezing and storage of femoral heads allows some maintenance of biological activity. Furthermore we have shown that BMP-7 may be released in proportion to the strain applied to the bone. This confirms that the process of impaction of bone morsels during revision hip arthroplasty may release BMPs that could aid in the incorporation and remodelling of the allograft.
Grounds for Group-Differentiated Citizenship Rights : The Case of Ethiopian Ethnic Federalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The universal citizenship rights can not protect the interests of national minorities by systematically excluding them from social, economic and political life. It does this by denying national minorities access to their own societal cultures-a choice enabling background conditions. In order to enable meaningful choice, such cultures needs to be developing. The societal cultures of national minorities will, instead of being a living and developing ones, be condemned to an ever-increasing marginalization if the state follows a hands off approach to ethnicity. Thus the state must give a positive support to national minorities to help them develop their cultures in their own homeland. This can be done by drawing the boundary of the state in such a way that the ethnic minority can constitute a local majority to form a nation, and thus can be entitled to group-differentiated citizenship rights. This inevitably creates mutual-indifference among various nations, and seems to threaten the territorial integrity of the state. But as far as the multinational federation is the result of voluntary union of nations, though the social tie among these nations is weaker than the one found in a nation-state, it can nonetheless be enduring.
Negative Pressure Hemoptysis Due To Airway Obstruction On Emergence From General Anesthesia For Arthroscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This is a case of negative pressure hemoptysis in a 27 years old healthy man, who was scheduled for Arthroscopy under General Anesthesia due to suspecting lateral meniscus ligament tear. After recovery of the muscle power as monitored by nerve stimulator the patient bites on the endotracheal tube and starts to struggle trying to take breathe against the bitten tube, leading to negative pressure pulmonary edema. The remarkable features were secretions with blood; hemoptysis this disappeared within few hours. The patient was breathing spontaneously through Vemturi's oxygen mask system. Diuretics and lungs physiotherapy helped in controlling patient's complication. This case was the first noticed in our department. The review of anesthesia literature elicited the current view regarding capillary stress due to negative pressure generated during airway obstruction on emergence from anesthesia.
Visualization of the Smad direct signaling response to Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 activation with FRET-based biosensors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) superfamily of cytokines and their serine/threonine kinase receptors play an important role in the regulation of cell division, differentiation, adhesion, migration, organization, and death. Smad proteins are the major intracellular signal transducers for the TGF receptor superfamily that mediate the signal from the membrane into the nucleus. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (BMP-4) is a representative of the TGF superfamily, which regulates the formation of teeth, limbs and bone, and also plays a role in fracture repair. Binding of BMP-4 to its receptor stimulates phosphorylation of Smad1, which subsequently recruits Smad4. A hetero-oligomeric complex consisting of Smad1 and Smad4 then translocates into the nucleus and regulates transcription of target genes by interacting with transcription factors. Although the individual steps of the signaling cascade from the receptor to the nucleus have been identified, the exact kinetics and the rate limiting step(s) have remained elusive. Standard biochemical techniques are not suitable for resolving these issues, as they do not offer sufficiently high sensitivity and temporal resolution. In this study, advanced optical techniques were used for direct visualization of Smad signaling in live mammalian cells. Novel fluorescent biosensors were developed by fusing cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins to the signaling molecules Smad1 and Smad4. By measuring Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between the two fluorescent proteins, the kinetics of BMP/Smad signaling was unraveled. A rate-limiting delay of 2 - 5 minutes occurred between BMP receptor stimulation and Smad1 activation. A similar delay was observed in the complex formation between Smad1 and Smad4. Further experimentation indicated that the delay is dependent on the Mad homology 1 (MH1) domain of Smad1. These results give new insights into the dynamics of the BMP receptor – Smad1/4 signaling process and provide a new tool for studying Smads and for testing inhibitory drugs.
Abstract 4932: The role of KB-S in treating pancreatic cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignant cancers because the symptoms of this cancer do not exhibit until the disease progresses to an advanced stage. Late diagnosis may result in metastasis. When metastasis occurs, cancer can no longer be removed with surgery and therefore, requires treatment with FDA approved chemotherapeutic drugs or radiotherapy and they often fail to treat the disease. KB-S is a synthetic thymidine nucleoside analogue which is broadly used for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). In this work, we explored the therapeutic potential of KB-S as an anticancer drug, with focused against pancreatic cancer. Our aim is to establish a connection between cellular kinase of KB-S and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) to decipher signaling pathways. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, ASPC-1 cell line was used for the study. Hemocytometer was used for cell counting for the dose response curve after treating with KB-S. Immunoprecipitation study was conducted using anti-PKC-iota beads. Western blot assay was performed using primary antibody PKC-zeta and a secondary antibody. Our results showed that KB-S decreases cell proliferation significantly on AsPC-1 cells over increasing the concentrations. KB-S decreased the proliferation by 20% for 0.5 µM (P≤ 0.09), 37% for 5 µM (P≤ 0.02), 44% for 10 µM (P≤ 0.01), 48% for 20 µM (P≤ 0.002) and 54% for 50 µM (P≤ 0.001) in AsPC-1 cells. We used the lowest concentration of 10 µM with significant inhibition for further experiments. We immunoprecipitated for PKC-ι and immunoblotted for PKC-ζ and the immunoblots showed that there is no association between PKC-ι and PKC-ζ in pancreatic cancer cell line (AsPC-1). But when we performed reverse immunoprecipitation, we found that there is an association between PKC-ι and PKC-ζ. Again, we immunoprecipitated for thymidine kinase and immunoblotted for PKC-ι and immunoblots showed that there is an association between thymidine kinase and PKC-ι. But when we did the reverse immunoprecipitation, we did not find any association between thymidine kinase and PKC-ι in pancreatic cancer cell line. Based on our preliminary studies, we report the anti-cancer effect of KB-S in treating a pancreatic cancer cell line leading to further future investigations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of therapeutic efficacy of KB-S against a cancer. Given that, KB-S is already approved by FDA for the treatment of HIV, it carries the potential to be repurposed for difficult to cure cancerous diseases such as pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Sadia Noosrat Boshra, Kirpal Bisht, Mildred Acevedo-Duncan. The role of KB-S in treating pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4932.
Gaswechselmessungen an Fababohnen‐Blättern (Vicia faba L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Measurement of gas exchange in faba‐bean leaves ( Vida faba L.) By means of gas‐exchange measurements (minicuvette system and porometer), photosynthesis and its light dependence was investigated on attached leaves of different varieties of faba beans. The results showed no relevant difference in photosynthetic capacity for the varieties. This is true also for parameters calculated from light dependence, i.e. light compensation point, light saturation, and quantum yield. Generally, the light compensation point lay under 50 μE PAR/m 2 /s and light saturation was reached at about 1400 μE PAR/m 2 / s. Photosynthesis was strongly dependent on leaf age and difference in photosynthetic capacity due to different varieties could be excluded as an essential reason for different rates of flowers dropping and pod dropping in faba beans.
CONTROL OF SEX PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY BY PBAN IN ASIAN CORN BORER OSTRINIA FURNACALlS*

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Sex pheromone titer in Ostrinia furnacalis was significantly decreased to a very low level by decapitation, but it could be restored by injection of head extract prepared from both male and female moths or synthetic pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropepide (PBAN). This fact indicates that pheromone production is under the control of a PBAN‐like factor. The sex pheromone biosynthetic pathway of O. furnacalis originates with the biosynthesis of palmitic acid and followed by A14 desaturation, chain shortening, reduction and acetylation to form the pheromone components, (Z) and ( E )‐12‐tetradecenyl acetate. In order to determine which step in the pathway is controlled by PBAN, the incorporation of different labeled precursors into the pheromone and its intermediate were studied. Our results suggest that PBAN controls pheromone biosynthesis in O. furnacalis by mainly regulating an early step from acetate to palmitic acid.
Population dynamics and the environment: Examining the natural resource context of the African HIV / AIDS pandemic.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is a significant lack of research as to how demographic dynamics interact to shape household use of natural resources in less developed regions. This information is however key to understanding the complex interactions between humans and the environment particularly given the centrality of the natural environment within rural livelihoods. Within the rural African context natural resources also act as a buffer against household shocks offering for example a potential means of generating income and/or meeting dietary needs. In this study we focus on HIV/AIDS mortality as a particular household shock examining natural resource use specifically fuel wood strategies as shaped by households mortality experience. In the year 2000 21.5% of deaths in the study region of South Africas Lampoon Province were attributed to AIDS. It is projected that by 2010 this will rise to nearly 65 percent. Making use of both quantitative and qualitative data we respond to the following two research questions: 1) What are the associations between household size composition and economic status and natural resource use in rural South Africa?; 2) Beyond these household characteristics how is mortality experience associated with the ways in which households use key natural resources? Our analytical focus is on households that have experienced the recent death of a household member in the most productive age group (15-49). As for results the quantitative analyses suggest the importance of socioeconomic status and local resource availability in shaping household resource use after adult mortality while the interviews provide insight into the more nuanced stories of coping strategies following the loss of an adult household member. In general the studys results begin to shed light more generally on the environmental dimensions of the HIV/AIDS pandemic while also providing an important foundation for future analyses. (authors)
Plasma Dopamine Concentrations in Various Types of Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The concentrations of unconjugated plasma dopamine (PDA) were studied in patients with various types of hypertension. Catecholamines were extracted from plasma specimens (1.0-3.0 ml) through an Amberlite CG50 (Li+-form) microcolumn and eluted by a magnesium sulfate - ethanol solution. The elute was then desalinated and deproteinized by the ethanol-treated precipitation procedure and dried in a vacuum oven at 25 degrees C. A fraction of catecholamines was assayed with the modified procedures of the COMT-mediated radio-enzymatic method. This assay system was sensitive enough to permit an accurate measurement of PDA as low as 6.0 pg per ml of plasma without any detectable contamination of the conjugated dopamine. The resting levels of PDA were 10.1 +/- 1.0 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM), 9.5 +/- 1.0 and 13.7 +/- 0.6 in patients with borderline hypertension (BH, n = 25), essential hypertension (EH, n = 22) and renovascular hypertension (RVH, n = 8), respectively. The values in EH patients were significantly smaller than those in age-matched normal controls (13.0 +/- 1.4, n = 14, p less than 0.05). Remarkably increased PDA values were observed in patients with pheochromocytoma (76.5 +/- 25.4, n = 9, p less than 0.01). Significantly raised PDA values were also found in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA, 27.8 +/- 9.0, n = 6, p less than 0.05), while their plasma norepinephrine levels (PNE, 169 +/- 39 pg/ml) tended to be lower than those of normal controls (206 +/- 20), showing an apparent dissociation between the values of PDA and PNE. Upright posture for 15 minutes induced a significant rise in PDA (p less than 0.05) in all subjects except PA patients. The postural changes of PDA, however, were invariably smaller than those of PNE (p less than 0.05). The resting values of PDA in normal, BH and EH patients showed a significant negative correlation with their mean arterial pressures (r = -0.301, n = 61, p less than 0.05) and a positive correlation with those of PNE (r = 0.381, p less than 0.01). There was no correlation between PDA and age in any group studied. These findings indicate that PDA might not be only a precursor fraction of neurotransmitters released from the sympathetic nervous system but could also represent a physiological function of the dopaminergic regulatory system. The varied but distinctive features of PDA status in various types of hypertension suggest the possibility that the peripheral dopaminergic mechanisms play an inherent role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
“You may now become who you thought was disposable”: COVID-19 Politics and Ableism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This essay critically examines the intersection of COVID-19, Long COVID, ableism, and health care disparities in the United States, emphasizing the transformative impact of COVID-19 as a mass disabling event with a disproportionate impact on marginalized communities. I also bring an autoethnographic lens to my experience of COVID-19 and Long COVID, underscoring the importance of recognizing the diverse and often untellable experiences of individuals with disabilities and challenging the prevailing ableist perspectives embedded in society. I raise ethical considerations of storytelling in the context of Long COVID and urge researchers to embrace empathy and a more inclusive approach that challenges traditional notions of objectivity and distancing within academic research. I call for a collaborative approach between disability studies and folklore studies, encouraging scholars to interrogate and explore the traditions shaped by experiences of disability.
The linguistics of gender.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores grammatical gender as a linguistic phenomenon. First, I define gender in terms of agreement, and look at the parts of speech that can take gender agreement. Because it relates to assumptions underlying much psycholinguistic gender research, I also examine the reasons why gender systems are thought to emerge, change, and disappear. Then, I describe the gender system of Dutch. The frequent confusion about the number of genders in Dutch will be resolved by looking at the history of the system, and the role of pronominal reference therein. In addition, I report on three lexical- statistical analyses of the distribution of genders in the language. After having dealt with Dutch, I look at whether the genders of Dutch and other languages are more or less randomly assigned, or whether there is some system to it. In contrast to what many people think, regularities do indeed exist. Native speakers could in principle exploit such regularities to compute rather than memorize gender, at least in part. Although this should be taken into account as a possibility, I will also argue that it is by no means a necessary implication.