jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure 3 from NF-κB–Dependent Plasticity of the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Induced by <i>Von Hippel-Lindau</i> Inactivation in Renal Cell Carcinomas

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Figure 3 from NF-κB–Dependent Plasticity of the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Induced by <i>Von Hippel-Lindau</i> Inactivation in Renal Cell Carcinomas
Nesting of King Vulture and Black Hawk-Eagle in Panamá

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article On the Fitting of Equations Relating Avian Standard Metabolism to Body Weight Get access Jerrold H. Zar Jerrold H. Zar Department of Biological Science Northern Illinois University DeKalb, Illinois 60115 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Condor, Volume 72, Issue 2, 1 April 1970, Page 247, https://doi.org/10.2307/1366655 Published: 01 April 1970 Article history Accepted: 03 November 1969 Published: 01 April 1970
Wing Secondary Structure - Large Civil Jet Transport (MTOM > 40t) - Statistical Mass Estimation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The scope of the presented paper is to present a set of formulae that can be used to compute the mass off all secondary structures of wings of large civil jet transport aircraft. Secondary structures are all wing structures that do not belong to the wing box (skin, ribs and spars). The developed formulae are for ‘large’ aircraft having a maximum take of mass (MTOM) of more than 40t respectively having 70 or more passenger seats in a typical layout. \n \nThe mass computation is split into 18 main components of the wing secondary structures such as flap bodies, spoiler bodies, fixed leading edge etc. For each component one separate formula is developed in chapter 4. A brief description of the definition of each mass is given for each component. As the split into 18 components is very detailed one might also sum up the different masses according to different mass accounting standard, such as e.g. DIN9020 or the Airbus Mass Standard. Finally the validation of the different formulae is given in chapter 5. \n
What asteroseismology can teach us about low-mass core helium burning models

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Standard models of low-mass core helium burning stars typically give an asymptotic l =1 g-mode period spacing well below that inferred from observed mixed modes. We find that most physical uncertainties, such as mixing beyond the fully convective core, are not significant enough to be responsible for such a discrepancy. The solution to the problem may lie in a deviation of structure away from its canonical form, such as a more massive H-exhausted core, which we briefly explore here.
Current Trends in Exercise Management for Chronic Low Back Pain: Comparison between Strengthening Exercise and Spinal Segmental Stabilization Exercise

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Exercise is recognized as one of the optimal managements for chronic low back pain. Among the numerous therapeutic exercises, the approaches of traditional strengthening exercise and segmental stabilization exercise are considerably different. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the two different exercise approaches, on chronic low back pain through evaluating previous randomized control trial (RCT) studies. Pain, functional ability and physical improvement were analyzed to evaluate the recovery from chronic low back pain. While both exercises demonstrated positive effects on pain relief, functional ability and physical improvement, the evidence level of the strengthening exercise studies was not strong enough because of some methodological flaws. On the other hand, the methodological superiority of the segmental stabilization exercise studies provided high quality evidence. Another positive aspect of the segmental stabilization exercise studies was the significant long-term effect on low back pain and its low recurrence rate. Considering the overall evidence level, the segmental stabilization exercise seems to be more effective than the traditional strengthening exercise on chronic low back pain. However, the number of studies related to the segmental stabilization exercise is currently limited, therefore more direct comparative RCT studies including many other exercise approaches are necessary to confirm the effectiveness of the segmental stabilization exercise.
Pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics are associated with myocardial injury in the acute respiratory distress syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Whether right and left heart hemodynamics are associated with myocardial injury in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not known. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of subjects who had right heart catheterization within the ALVEOLI trial and Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial. Myocardial injury was assessed using a highly sensitive troponin assay (hsTn; Abbot ARCHITECT). Hemodynamic variables included right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, cardiac index and stroke volume, pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary arterial compliance, and pulmonary effective arterial elastance. We performed linear, logistic, and Cox regression to determine the association of hemodynamic variables with myocardial injury and to determine if hemodynamics mediated the association between myocardial injury and death. Results Among 252 ARDS patients, median day 0 troponin was 65.4 (13.8–397.8) ng/L. Lower cardiac index (β −0.23 SE 0.10; P < 0.001) and stroke volume (β −0.26 SE 0.005; P < 0.001), higher pulmonary vascular resistance (β 0.22 SE 0.11; P < 0.001), lower pulmonary arterial compliance (β −0.24 SE 0.06; P < 0.001), and higher arterial elastance (β 0.27 SE 0.43; P < 0.001) were associated with greater myocardial injury in univariable and adjusted models. Changes in stroke volume, cardiac index, pulmonary arterial compliance, pulmonary vascular resistance, and arterial elastance were all associated with progressive myocardial injury over three days. hsTn levels were associated with mortality; however, the association was attenuated after adjustment for each of stroke volume, pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary arterial compliance, and arterial elastance. Conclusion Pulmonary vascular hemodynamics are associated with myocardial injury in ARDS, while filling pressures are not. Pulmonary vascular disease may represent a treatable contributor to myocardial injury in ARDS.
The Effects of Phenyl Mercuric Acetate (PMA) on the Ultrastructure of the Paint Mildew, Aureobasidium Pullulans

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

For over 30 years Aureobasidium pullulans (DeBary) Arnaud has been considered the primary fungal agent involved in mildew-induced defacement of painted surfaces (1). Although mercury compounds have been incorporated into the paints as mildewcides, little is known relative to the action of mercury on fungal cells (2). The purpose of this study is to determine the ultrastructural effects of a commonly used mildewcide, phenyl mercuric acetate (PMA), on A. pullulans. All experimental cultures of A. pullulans were grown on a defined medium containing: (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 , 3.0 g; K 2 HP0 4 , 1.0 g; MgSO 4 .7H 2 0, 0.5 g; KC1, 0.5 g; FeSO 4 7H 2 O, 0.1 g; sucrose, 10.0 g per liter dist. H 2 O. The medium was solidified with 2 per cent agar. Two sets of media were inoculated with a blastospore suspension of A. pullulans. One set contained only the above defined medium, while the second set contained 200 ppb (5xlO -7 M) PMA supplementing the defined medium.
Implementing assertive community treatment teams

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Connecticut Department of Mental Health began creating assertive community treatment teams in 1987. The authors describe the approach taken by the department in defining the assertive community treatment model, in creating new assertive community treatment teams, and in monitoring the creation and functioning of these teams to ensure that fidelity to the assertive community treatment model is maintained. Assertive community treatment teams can be created even in the absence of funding for new staff by reconfiguring current community-based staff and by moving staff from state hospitals to the community. Preliminary data from a randomized trial in Connecticut comparing assertive community treatment with high-quality case management in areas with an array of community services indicated that the intended models were replicated, with variations in practice style across programs. Clients in assertive community treatment were in the hospital about half as often as clients in standard services and were also less likely to be without a permanent residence. Training and ongoing monitoring of assertive community treatment teams are necessary to detect practices that diverge from the intervention model so that corrective action can be taken.
Arctic Canada and Zambia: A Comparison of Development Processes in the Fourth and Third Worlds

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An analysis of the processes behind socio-economic development is necessary to further the understanding of contemporary Inuit conditions in arctic Canada. It is apparent that many of the realities and reasons underlying development in the North are similar to those in the Third World. The term development encompasses strategies and programs to improve living conditions of the target population, processes that either directly or indirectly transform indigenous economies into ones like those of the Western world, and theories that seek to explain these changes and their outcomes. People from government, business, and religion were the agents of development in both Canada and Africa. One of the most overt changes to indigenous societies brought about by these agents was a shift to a modern market-oriented economy. Education is part of a development process and contributed to this change. Education in arctic Canada and a Third Word country, Zambia, is based on teaching local residents to participate in a Euro-North American economic system. In both countries, however, the national or regional economies cannot sustain employment for many of the educated indigenous people. In Lwawu, a remote part of Zambia, this has led to social tensions and polarization between socio-economic classes. In arctic Canada, it has contributed to confusion over one's cultural identity and an inability to participate economically in either the modern or traditional sectors. The Inuit face added difficulties in that to obtain wage employment they must integrate within national cultural, economic, and political systems governed by people who are of different races and cultures and not indigenous to Canada. The end result of these and similar situations is that indigenous people are not necessarily better off than before contact with development agents.
Determinação da idade dental de crianças brasileiras nordestinas: \nnovos valores de conversão de maturidade dental para população \nespecífica

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A estimativa da maturidade dentária tem sido descrita na literatura basicamente\natravés de dois métodos, a observação direta do processo de erupção do dente\nna cavidade oral ou por meio de radiografias. A radiografia panorâmica, obtida por\ntécnica extra-oral de uso dos raios X, é um elemento essencial para o diagnóstico\npor imagens em Radiologia odontológica. Este trabalho apresenta dois estudos\nquantitativos analítico-descritivos utilizando o método de determinação da idade\ndental através de radiografia panorâmica em crianças brasileiras nordestinas. Um\nestudo piloto realizado com 325 crianças (191 meninas e 134 meninos) de 7 a 16\nanos, da cidade de Fortaleza, objetivando determinar as interrelações entre as\nsuas idades cronológica (data de nascimento), óssea (pelo método de Grewlich &\nPyle) e dental (segundo Demirjian et al.). Outro estudo, já publicado, conduzido\ncom 1.491 crianças (821 meninas e 670 meninos) cearenses, de 7 a 13 anos,\nvisando avaliar a aplicabilidade do método de Demirjian na população estudada.\nEm ambos os estudos, mostra-se que a estimativa de idade dental utilizando as\ntabelas de conversão de maturidade dental propostas por Demirjian et al. não se\nadéqua à população pesquisada. Assim, uma escala de valores de conversão de\nmaturidade dental em idade dental foi desenvolvida especificamente para\ncrianças nordestinas e é agora apresentada, visando à sua aplicação não só na\nclínica, mas em questões forenses, antropológicas, legais e/ou criminais. As\npesquisas de caráter interdisciplinar envolveram pesquisadores das áreas de\nOdontologia (Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Radiologia); Medicina (Endocrinologia\ne Metabologia); e Física, preenchendo os requisitos de multidisciplinaridade do\nPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde
Repression of Mammary Stem/Progenitor Cells by p53 Is Mediated by Notch and Separable from Apoptotic Activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common tumor among women with inherited mutations in the p53 gene (Li-Fraumeni syndrome). The tumors represent the basal-like subtype, which has been suggested to originate from mammary stem/progenitor cells. In mouse mammary epithelium, mammosphere-forming potential was increased with decreased dosage of the gene encoding the p53 tumor suppressor protein (Trp53). Limiting dilution transplantation also showed a 3.3-fold increase in the frequency of long-term regenerative mammary stem cells in Trp53−/− mice. The repression of mammospheres by p53 was apparent despite the absence of apoptotic responses to radiation indicating a dissociation of these two activities of p53. The effects of p53 on progenitor cells were also observed in TM40A cells using both mammosphere-forming assays and the DsRed-let7c-sensor. The frequency of long-term label-retaining epithelial cells was decreased in Trp53−/− mammary glands indicating that asymmetric segregation of DNA is diminished and contributes to the expansion of the mammary stem cells. Treatment with an inhibitor of γ-secretase (N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester) reduced the number of Trp53−/− mammospheres to the level found in Trp53+/+ cells. These results demonstrate that basal levels of p53 restrict mammary stem/progenitor cells through Notch and that the Notch pathway is a therapeutic target to prevent expansion of this vulnerable pool of cells.
An ant colony optimization algorithm to aggregated multicast using the idea of bin packing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Large-scale deployment of multicast applications is limited by the number of states that are set in routers for multicast groups. As a new approach to multicast state reduction, aggregated multicast forces multiple multicast groups sharing a common distribution tree. An ant colony optimization algorithm to aggregated multicast is proposed. Inspired by bin packing problem, relative fullness is used as an important component to define fitness function. To improve the algorithm's convergence time, heuristic information is introduced according to changes of aggregated trees' bandwidth waste rate. After each iteration a new pheromone update rule is proposed. Simulation results show that this algorithm performs well in scenarios with bigger bandwidth waste rate or larger network scale. Compared with greedy algorithm by running for the same amount of time and in the same network topology, the algorithm has better optimization performance.
Studying Error Resilience Performance for a Feedback Channel Based Transform Domain Wyner-Ziv Video Codec * ABSTRACT *

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wyner-Ziv (WZ) video coding is an emerging video coding paradigm based on two major Information Theory results: the Slepian-Wolf and Wyner-Ziv theorems. One of the most interesting and used WZ video coding architectures makes use of a feedback channel (FC) to perform rate control at the decoder; in this context, the Slepian-Wolf coding module is typically based on turbo coding with puncturing. Because WZ coding is not based on the prediction loop used in conventional video coding but rather on a statistical approach where a decoder estimation of the frame to be coded is ‘corrected ’ by the encoder, it provides intrinsic error resilience capabilities. This paper intends to study the error resilience performance of a feedback channel based transform domain WZ codec using appropriate scenarios and conditions, notably in comparison with the best performing H.264/AVC standard 1.
A Mouse Model Suggests How an Industrialized Diet Alters Jaw Form

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Food texture affects jaw form by creating biomechanical stress during chewing. Chewing prompts remodelling via increased bone cell activities, including cell signalling, differentiation, proliferation, and matrix secretion. Vitamin D may influence jaw form via regulation of these bone cell activities. Modern, post‐Industrialized human diets are characterized by soft textured food with low levels of vitamin D, but how these two factors affect mandible shape and size is unclear. Via a mouse model and specialized diets, we tested the effects of dietary texture and vitamin D on mandibular form. We hypothesized that vitamin D intake is: 1) imperative for normal mandibular form, and; 2) a greater influence on mandibular form than diet texture. C57BL/6J mice weaned at 7 weeks were raised on a soft or hard diet with vitamin D (n=40; n=48), or on a soft diet without vitamin D (n=39). Post‐sacrifice, adult mice were scanned with a Skyscan1172 micro‐CT system and landmarked using Amira software. Landmark datasets underwent Generalized Procrustes Analysis followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in Morphologika. Mice fed soft diets had shorter mandibles with diminutive alveolar bone, gentler masseteric crests, a wider angle between dentary bones, and larger bicondylar breadth. Diet groups occupied distinct but overlapping regions of shape space, with diet texture accounting for 30.8% (PC1) of total shape variance. Presence/absence of vitamin D accounted for 13.8% (PC2) of total shape variance between soft diet groups. Mice fed a soft diet with vitamin D had mandibles with more flaring angular processes, more robust masseteric crests, and elevated alveolar bone. Our results indicate that vitamin D influenced dentary bone shape less than diet texture did, and that diet had a greater role in mandibular bone remodelling, including increased variation at muscle attachment sites. Future work will explore whether vitamin D also influences muscle form and function.
System for Enhancing Accuracy of Noisy Text using Deep Network Language Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Text from image documents must be recognized for its usage. Various tasks such as plagiarism & error check, language analysis, information capture rely on the accuracy of this text conversion. OCR systems convert the document images to their text equivalent. These OCR systems are prone to introducing errors during the recognition process.This work reports a system developed to ingest image documents which is converted to text using available OCR technologies. The recognized text, subsequently, is processed with deep network language models to enhance the accuracy of text. The system consists of a client server architecture with user interface available from web application as well as from mobile app. For the language models, encoder-decoder based BART & MarianMT are used. The results obtained demonstrate a 35% reduction in WER using the BART language model.
Streptococcus pneumoniae : epidemiological, clinical and serological studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A retrospective study of invasive pneumococcal disease in patients from Greater Göteborg in 1964- 1980 identified 125 cases of meningitis, 305 of pneumonia, 61 of septicemia with unknown focus, and 17 with other manifestations, all verified by cultures from normally sterile body fluids. The incidence was several times higher in infants and in the elderly than in any other age-group. A wide variety of underlying conditions were present in 23% of the infants, 34% of the children, and 81% of the adults. In adults alcoholism was known in one third of the cases. The case fatality rate was 24% among patients with underlying conditions and 9% among previously healthy individuals. The case fatality rate was 50% in patients with hospital-acquired infection. Twohundred-fifteen pneumococcal strains, isolated from blood or CSF from 1971 to 1983 at the laboratories of clinical bacteriology of Göteborg, Malmö, and Umeå were serotyped by coagglutination (COA). Of all isolates, 89% belonged to serotypes represented in the 23-valent vaccine. In a separate study COA was compared with counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). COA was found to have several advantages; rapidity, lower cost, and ability to disclose serotypes with neutral charge, which constituted 19% of all strains. In a prospective study the etiology was determined in 196 hospitalized patients with pneumonia, most of them community-acquired. Culture of specimens from blood, transtracheal aspirate (TTA), sputum, and nasopharynx, assays of antigen in sputum, urine, and TTA, and assays of pneumococcal antibodies to capsular polysaccharide, C-polysaccharide, and pneumolysin in paired sera were performed. The etiology was established in 64% of the patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common agent (32%). In a serological study of patients with pneumococcal infection, diagnosed by culture of CSF, TTA, or blood, IgG antibodies against C-polysaccharide and pneumolysin were determined by ELISA. The diagnostic sensitivity was only 51% and 60%, respectively. In conclusion, invasive pneumococcal disease is strongly overrepresented at tender and high age and in patients with concomitant conditions, notably alcoholism. S. pneumoniae remains a predominant causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia in adults needing hospitalization. Due to the low sensitivity and/or specificity of individual microbiological techniques, a combined use of several techniques is necessary when trying to assess the relative importance of pneumococci and other agents in pneumonia. Extended use of the currently available pneumococcal vaccine and development of improved pneumococcal vaccines seem highly warranted.
Clinical and laboratory measures of postural balance in an elderly population.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare scores on the Balance Scale with laboratory measures of postural sway and other clinical measures of balance and mobility. Thirty-one elderly subjects were assessed on the clinical measures and the laboratory tests of postural sway while standing still and in response to pseudorandom movements of the platform. The average correlation between the Balance Scale and the spontaneous sway measures was -.55. It was slightly lower (r = -.38) for the same parameters measured during the pseudorandom tests. There were high correlations between the Balance Scale and the Balance Sub-Scale developed by Tinetti (r = .91), Barthel Mobility sub-scale (r = .67), and timed "Up and Go" (r = -.76). The Balance Scale was the most efficient measure (effect size > 1) to statistically discriminate between subjects according to their use of each type of mobility aide (walker, cane, no aids). These data contribute to existing information on the performance of the Balance Scale and supports the validity of the Balance Scale in this geriatric population.