jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gender gap in mobility outside home in urban India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

India has one of the highest levels of gender inequality in the world. Work participation rate of women is among the lowest with a wide gender gap. There are seclusion norms that restrict mobility of women outside home. However, transport literature in India has not explored the impact of this lack of autonomy on gender differences in travel demand. I use 2019 population-representative nationwide time-use survey of India. The dataset reported both travel and non-travel activities in 30-minute episodes over a 24-hour period. For urban residents, I analysed gender differences in trip rates and mobility rates, where the latter is defined as the percentage going out of home at least once on the reporting day. I developed gender-stratified logistic regression models at the individual level with mobility as a binary outcome. It was found that 53% of the females did not report going out of home compared to only 14% males. The mobility of females reduces steeply from adolescence to young adulthood and then remains largely stable at a low level before reducing further for older adults. No such variation is observed among males, except their mobility is also reduced among older adults. There is a clear dichotomy with women mostly participating in in-house activities while men mostly involved in out-of-home activities. Adolescence or adulthood, marriage, living with one or more household members, having an infant in the house, lower income, and less education are associated with lower likelihood of female mobility. I discuss many implications of these gender differences in mobility.
Elliott Proctor Joslin (1869–1962)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Elliott Proctor Joslin was born on June 6, 1869. He went to boarding school, the Leicester Academy, at an early age. This was followed by Yale College and Harvard Medical School. Joslin set up his practice in Boston's Back Bay at 81 Bay State Road. He had a townhouse and an adjacent building that soon filled to capacity with his growing practice. Joslin practiced at this site until the current Joslin Diabetes Center opened near the Harvard Medical School in 1956. Joslin focused on dietary therapy for diabetes. He believed that the “starvation diet” was beyond the capacity of most patients to sustain. When Joslin had treated 1000 patients with his diet, he concluded that his treatment was better than the alternatives. In 1923, insulin became commercially available. The Joslin Clinic, as it is now called, became a mecca for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
The new middle-maturing winter barley variety 'Marusya'

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Last years the Rostov region has faced a significant climate continentality increase during the growing season of winter crops. This factor makes necessary to develop new varieties of intensive winter barley with a high level of ecological adaptability, resistance to lodging and leaf diseases, with a high level of potential productivity. The purpose of the current study was to develop a new highly productive, stress-resistant winter barley variety with a high level of adaptability and to evaluate it according to economically valuable traits. The current paper has presented the agrobiological characteristics of the winter barley variety 'Marusya', the originator and patent holder of which is the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Agrarian Research Center "Donskoy". The research was carried out from 2018 to 2020 in the fields of experimental crop rotation of the department of barley breeding and seed production of the FSBSI "ARC "Donskoy". The forecrop was peas. The accounting plot area was 10 m², the number of repetitions was 6. The winter barley variety 'Timofey' was used as a standard variety. The species was parallelum. The type of development was facultative. Over the years of study in the Competitive Variety Testing of the FSBSI "ARC "Donskoy" (2018–2020), the variety produced from 8.0 to 11.2 t/ha, that exceeded the standard variety 'Timofey' on 0.5–1.5 t/ha. Since 2020, the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops decided to include the variety 'Marusya' in the State List of Breeding Achievements in the North Caucasus region. The variety is being studied in the Central Blackearth and Lower Volga regions of the Russian Federation. The consistently high productivity of the new variety is achieved due to the large grain and higher indicators of the yield structure elements and resistance to diseases in comparison with those of the standard variety 'Timofey'
Automaton Models of Developmental Processes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the classical embryology, cell lineage was a descriptive tool for cleaving eggs. Recently a complete lineage has been established for early and post-embryonic development of the nematode C. elegans. Considering the constancy of lineage from animal to animal, we here propose the hypothesis that the cellular division time and interaction are determined by the division history of each cell. With this hypothesis, we discuss theoretically the cell proliferation process and propose an automaton model of the developmental process, which is idealized as a series of abstract directed labelled graphs.
Bio-efficacy of new insecticides against diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella) on cabbage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) shows resistance to every group of conventional insecticide and unable to reduce the population and their damage. New molecules are crucial tool for their management. The efficacy of insecticides were evaluated against P. Xylostella with treatments viz. spinosad 45% SC @ 185ml, emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 250g, indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 500ml, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 150ml, Cyantraniliprole 10% OD @ 600g, neem oil 32% EC @ 1.5L and flubendiamide 20% WG @ 100g commercial formulation dosage ha-1. The efficacies were calculated by Henderson and Tilton method. After five days of spray, maximum efficacy was obtained from chlorantraniliprole which was at par with, Cyantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, flubendiamide and spinosad, these were significantly superior over indoxacarb and neem oil. After ten days of spray, maximum efficacy was again with Cyantraniliprole which was at par with chlorantraniliprole and these were significantly superior over rest of the treatments. Chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole may be admissible in to IPM tool to combat P. Xylostella by dint of their efficiency.
Development of microcapsules using electrospraying technique

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report aims to document the development of a coaxial electro-spinning process particular to the author. Both the design and development phases of the project will be explored in detail, follow by the analysis of the effect due to different factors. The objective of developing the process is to identify the possibility and feasibility to utilise the electro-spinning process to produce fibre strands of distinguished core and sheath material. Ultimately, the development of research is expected to lead to the utilisation of such coaxial fibre in the form of tubular nanotubes for use in biomedical application. Applications for example drug delivery and tissue engineering are considered.
Design of a Transparent-Transponder System.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report describes and discusses the engineering specifications of a proposed system of great flexibility and general applicability for directly determining the effects of disturbed plasmas on a wide variety of actual or proposed signal waveforms. Both rocket-borne and satellite applications and missions are possible, and numerous signals in the VHF-UHF range (to about 1.5 GHz) can be dealt with simultaneously without undue mutual interference. The system operates by retransmitting back to earth signals that originally had been modulated onto the lower sideband of an 8-GHz uplink carrier. If they passed through regions of naturally occurring or man-made plasma disturbances, the downlink signals would suffer degradations similar to those produced by the high-altitude nuclear environment. Even when the uplink transmitter is collocated with the downlink receiver (a convenient arrangement), the rather high frequency of the uplink signals ensures that plasma effects will be minimal on the uplink. The flexibility to readily change the types of downlink signals and their parameters makes this system particularly attractive for a satellite application because of the long-term nature of many satellite missions. Alternative system configurations and design tradeoffs are considered in detail. (Author)
On some classes of almost pseudo Ricci symmetric manifolds

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The object of the present paper is to study almost pseudo Ricci symmetric manifolds.Some geometric properties have been studied.Among others we obtain a sufficient condition for an almost pseudo Ricci symmetric manifold to be a quasi Einstein manifold.Next we consider conformally flat almost pseudo Ricci symmetric manifolds.Some global properties have been studied.Finally we give an example to verify the sufficient condition for an almost pseudo Ricci symmetric manifold to be a quasi Einstein manifold.
Interest of pseudo-focused images for key-points detection in plenoptic imaging

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Light-Field (LF) cameras allow the extraction not only of the intensity of light but also of the direction of light rays in the scene, hence it records much more information of the scene than a conventional camera. In this paper, we present a novel method to detect key-points in raw LF images by applying key-points detectors on Pseudo-Focused images (PFIs). The main advantage of this method is that we don't need to use complex key-points detectors dedicated to light-field images. We illustrate the method in two use cases: the extraction of corners in a checkerboard and the key-points matching in two view raw light-field images. These key-points can be used for different applications e.g. calibration, depth estimation or visual odometry. Our experiments showed that our method preserves the accuracy of detection by re-projecting the pixels in the original raw images.
Voice Outcomes following a Single Office‐Based Steroid Injection for Vocal Fold Scar

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Persistent dysphonia from vocal fold scar remains a clinical challenge, with current therapies providing inconsistent outcomes. We evaluated voice outcomes after a single office‐based steroid injection. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Academic medical center. Subjects and Methods This study was based on pre‐ and postoperative analysis of patient‐reported, perceptual, acoustic, aerodynamic, and videostroboscopic parameters. The sample comprised 25 patients undergoing office‐based dexamethasone injection into the superficial lamina propria for mild/moderate vocal fold scar. Average follow‐up was 13.7 ± 4.4 weeks; patients completed 3.5 ± 2.3 sessions of voice therapy between assessments. Complete data sets were not available for each parameter; sample size is noted with results. Results Voice handicap index (n = 24; P <. 001) and glottal function index (n = 22; P <. 001) decreased after injection. Total GRBAS score (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain) decreased (n = 25; P <. 001). Fundamental frequency range increased (n = 24; P =. 024). Phonation threshold pressure decreased (n = 14; P =. 017). Videostroboscopic parameters of vocal fold edge ( P =. 004), glottic closure ( P =. 003), and right mucosal wave ( P =. 016) improved after injection. Conclusions Office‐based steroid injection combined with voice therapy for mild/moderate vocal fold scar is associated with improved patient‐reported and functional voice measures. These findings provide preliminary support for this approach. Importantly, the procedure is low risk and can be performed in the office, thus offering a simple treatment alternative to patients with a disorder that has traditionally been difficult to manage. Prospective studies evaluating the effects of multiple injections are warranted.
Parent Strategies to Support Mealtime Participation for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Mealtime, an important family occupation, is significantly affected in families with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as they report significant mealtime behaviors, increased focus on the child with ASD, and overall difficulty constructing a family mealtime (Ausderau & Juarez, 2013; Marquenie, Rodger, Mangohig, & Cronin, 2011; Nadon, Feldman, Dunn, & Gisel, 2011).The typical structure of mealtimes places significant demands on the social-communication skills, behavioral rigidity, and sensory processing deficits that are the core characteristics of ASD. Families use a number of strategies to support their child with ASD’s engagement in mealtime, but these strategies have not yet been clearly identified. The purpose of this study was to identify strategies parents implement to support their child’s participation in mealtime occupations. Twelve families with a child between the ages of 2 and 7 years with ASD were recruited to participate in 1 to 2 videotaped mealtime observations. Videos were reviewed to identify strategies families used during mealtimes to facilitate participation. The strategies were identified, defined, and arranged into categories using qualitative conventional content analysis (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005). The categories were used to develop coding schemes with detailed definitions that were used to code family mealtime videos with each video being coded by at least two independent research team members. Six unique categories of strategies were identified: 1) Parent Intervening and Ignoring, 2) Meal Preparation and Adaptability, 3) Positive Reinforcements, 4) Play and Imagination, 5) Distractions, and 6) Modeling. In addition, just over half of the families integrated props (common child objects) into their mealtime. Families used multiple strategies within and across mealtimes with variable success, highlighting the individualistic nature of feeding challenges. The strategies often focused on negative behavior management and overall child regulation. The goal of the child at least partially participating in the family meal was often achieved, but rarely promoted the parents’ desired eating behavior for the child. In the context of everyday mealtime occupations, parents’ strategies were often about shared time and space versus shared food or promoting new eating behaviors. Understanding parental mealtime strategies allows for further investigation into the efficacy and development of family-centered intervention strategies for promoting mealtime participation for children with ASD.\nKey Words: Mealtime, Autism, Strategies\nExample Discussion Question:\nDiscuss potential conflicts in addressing the needs of children with ASD and feeding challenges while still supporting mealtime occupations and family well-being.
Consistency of mixtures of cottonseed and Paraguayan palm kernel oils

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Summary A palm kernel oil, mbocaya, possessing a relatively high iodine value, approximately 30, is being produced in Paraguay. Production can be expanded. One possible use for the oil is as a component of shortenings. As expected, consistency measurements showed the oil to be unsuited for conversion to shortening of the all‐hydrogenated type. Blends with hydrogenated cottonseed oil yielded products having acceptable consistency characteristics. However, for a given consistency, the proportion of hydrogenated cottonseed oil needed was greater than that needed for a comparable blend with cottonseed oil. The difference was attributed to the formation of solid solutions or mixed crystals in the latter blend. A mixture of hydrogenated palm kernel oil and cottonseed oil was prepared and found to possess consistency characteristics better than those of a typical shortening of the all‐hydrogenated type.
First record of fossiliferous marine Triassic from Argentina

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The discovery of invertebrates (bivalves, brachiopods, gastropods, nautiloids and corals) and plants in the basal levels of the Mesozoic marine succession of Rio Atuel, Mendoza demonstrates the existence of marine Upper Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian) in the area. Fossils were found in the middle and lower levels of a c. 300 m sequence of massive and laminated pelites with dropstones and slump structures, i.e. the Arroyo Malo Formation (nov.). The Triassic strata are overlain by marine Hettangian and Sinemurian. This is the first record of fossiliferous marine Triassic from Argentina.
Aerodynamics of UAV Configurations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This chapter reviews the theoretical basis of plasma actuation, aerodynamic applications of plasma actuators, the aerodynamics of the UCAV 1303 aircraft configuration, and studies on the modification of the flow structure over the UCAV 1303 configuration using plasma actuation. The most important considerations for UAV configuration decision are perhaps that a canard configuration minimises trim drag, and offers trade-offs between stability and manoeuvrability. The canard configuration is an appealing alternative to conventional aft tailplane stabilisers in the design of novel UAVs. Novel UAV technologies have enabled innovative airframe concepts to be introduced, for reasons of fuel efficiency, aircraft-noise signature attenuation and reduced maintenance costs. New aerodynamic technologies prioritise flow control and flapless designs in place of traditional hinged control surfaces. The integration of flapless aerodynamic technologies in blended wing-body (BWB) aircraft is expected to play a crucial role in the research programmes that will lead to the next generation of UAVs.
Effects of human peptide endothelin-1 and two of its sterically unrestrained C-terminal fragments on coronaryvascular smooth muscle.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

our data are indicative of short-term ETB selective down-regulation of endothelin receptors in coronary vascular smooth muscle after exposure to ET-1. The presence in the carboxy-terminus of (Ala11,15) substitution in peptide fragments IRL1620 and BQ3020 determined the differential specificity of ETB-receptor coupling and was important for subtype-ETB-receptor down-regulation. The activation of the dominating ETA-receptor by ET-1 facilitated mitogenic responses to ET-1 in porcine vascular fibroblasts.
Histological architecture of collagenous and elastic fibers in human auriculae

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives In order to investigate the distribution pattern of collagenous fibers and elastic fibers in human right and left auriculae. Methods Useing technique of paraffin section,Van Gieson and Weight stainings , 10 adults' right and left auriculae were observed under the microscope.Results The collagenous fibers in pericardium consisted of superficial collagen layer,light layer, deep collagen layer and reticular layer, and it runs in fuor ways including up-down orientation,left-right orientation,obligue orientation and vertical orientation. The collagen in the upper edge of auricl was less than that of near the coronary sulcus.There are two kinds of colagenous fiber bundles in the cardiac muscle: the thick ones and the thin ones.The former goes in the same direction as the cardiac muscle does. The later connected with the thick bundles and twined round the surface of the cardiac muscle .The layer of collagenous fibers in endocardium varied from 1 to 4 layer. The collagenous fibers in endocardium joined each orther with those in cardiac muscle and in perecardium, and made the auricular collagen fibers into a complex collagen net. The elastic fibers distributed widely among the auricular layers,and interweave with collagenous fibers. Conclusion Architecture of fibers net in epicardium farvor keeping the cardiac cells from extending excessively,olisthing and malposition in the process of myocardic systolicity and diastolicity. Elestic fibers cooperated with collagen can enhance strongly the recoiling force of cardiac muscle.
Chronic Intrarenal Insulin Replacement Reverses Diabetes Mellitus–Induced Natriuresis and Diuresis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We showed recently that sustained natriuresis in type 1 diabetic dogs was attributed to the decrease in insulin rather than the hyperglycemia alone. The sodium-retaining action of insulin appeared to require hyperglycemia, and it completely reversed the diabetic natriuresis and diuresis. This study tested whether the sodium-retaining effect was attributed to direct intrarenal actions of insulin. Alloxan-treated dogs (D; n=7) were maintained normoglycemic using 24-h/d IV insulin replacement. After control measurements, IV insulin was decreased to begin a 6-day diabetic period. Blood glucose increased from 84±6 mg/dL to an average of 428 mg/dL on days 5 and 6, sodium excretion increased from 74±8 to 98±7 meq/d over the 6 days, and urine volume increased from 1645±83 to 2198±170 mL/d. Dir dogs (n=7) were subjected to the same diabetic regimen, but, in addition, insulin was infused continuously into the renal artery at 0.3 mU/kg per minute during the 6-day period. This did not affect plasma insulin. Blood glucose increased from 94±10 mg/dL to an average of 380 mg/dL on days 5 and 6, but sodium excretion averaged 76±5 and 69±8 meq/d during control and diabetes mellitus, respectively. The diuresis also was prevented. Glomerular filtration rate increased only in Dir dogs, and there was no change in mean arterial pressure in either group. This intrarenal insulin infusion had no effect on sodium or volume excretion in normal dogs. Intrarenal insulin replacement in diabetic dogs caused a sustained increase in tubular reabsorption that completely reversed diabetic natriuresis. Insulin plus glucose may work to prevent salt wasting in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.