jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Single‐phase grouding fault analysis and control scheme of transformerless flexible multistate switch

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The compact design is suitable for the urban areas with intensive loads. The flexible multistate switch (FMS) can effectively reduce the footprint by removing transformers, which is the development trend of the flexible AC distribution equipment. In PSCAD/EMTDC, a simulation model containing two supply areas embedded in a transformerless FMS is built. Through the single‐phase grounding fault simulation under the arc suppression coil grounding, the characteristics of zero‐sequence component of FMS are analysed. By means of circuit analysis and sequence component decomposition, the intrinsic mechanism of AC/DC voltage fluctuation in the non‐fault supply area caused by the zero‐sequence component at the fault area is analysed, and the simulation result is explained. Based on the feeder transformation, a new protection and control scheme is proposed to overcome the problem of the zero‐sequence ride through among different supply areas.
Vision over Visibility

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This exhibition was an exploration of how a visual art making practice can change in response to the experience of not being able to see clearly. Originally provoked by the necessity of dealing with the serious challenge of living with Optic Neuritis in both eyes, this work was developed in response to the questions of identity that emerged for a visual artist whose sight was challenged. The work explores the possibilities of different ways of knowing about living with illness, relying on the exploration of Tacit Knowing (Polanyi) and embodied knowing through the Felt Sense (Eugene Gendlin) as a means of understanding responses to theological questions of meaning and identity (Paul Fiddes).
Cultural Values and Negative Politeness in English and Russian

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The phenomenon of politeness is universal and, at the same time, is culture-specific. Traditionally, it is defined as respect and consideration for other people. However, this definition does not work in the intercultural aspect as the concepts of politeness, respect, and consideration are understood differently, and even these words have different meanings. In this paper, politeness is viewed as strategic behaviour, a system of culturallyspecific and highly ritualised communicative strategies that maximise harmonious interaction and minimise the possibility of conflict. The present research is mainly based on Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory (1978, 1987), which gives an effective mechanism for understanding interlocutors’ communicative behaviour. Still, the main emphasis is on the principal strategic differences between English and Russian negative politeness and the attempt to explain them through social organisation and cultural values. The paper gives empirical data on such Speech Acts as Command and Invitation. The comparative analysis was conducted based on ethnographic observation, questionnaires and interviews.
Application of nonlinear frequency response method for investigation of equlibrium and kinetics of gas-solid adsorption

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The understanding of complex kinetic mechanisms of gas-solid adsorption is a challenging\nissue. The Frequency Response (FR) method, which has commonly been used for studying the\nkinetics of adsorption, analyzes the frequency response of the system in a linear range, and\ntherefore partly fails to identify and characterize the kinetics of nonlinear adsorption\nphenomena. In the frame of this thesis, the applicability of a new Nonlinear Frequency\nResponse (NFR) method for characterization of kinetics and equilibria of gas adsorption, was\ninvestigated.\nThe NFR method is based on the analysis of the frequency responses for a rather large\namplitude input excitation, named Nonlinear Frequency Responses, and determination of the\nhigher-order frequency response functions (FRFs), by applying the Volterra series and\ngeneralized Fourier transform. The applicability of the NFR method for characterization of\nkinetics and equilibria of pure gas adsorption was investigated both theoretically and\nexperimentally, for the case of a batch adsorber. The critical issue regarding the applicability of\nthe NFR method was determination of the second-order FRF on the adsorbent particle scale.\nThe theoretical investigation comprises two parts. The first part of investigation is based on the\nnumerical simulations of the dynamic responses of a batch adsorption system, by using\nmathematical models on the adsorber scale and adsorbent particle scale. As a result, the\nprocedure for designing the NFR experiments has been established. In the second part, the\ntheoretical FRFs up to the second-order for nonisothermal macropore diffusion (NMD) model,\nas one of the common mechanisms of gas-solid adsorption, have been derived and analyzed.\nAs a result, the methodology for estimation of the parameters of NMD model, based on the\ncharacteristics of the FRFs, was established. In order to validate the NFR method\nexperimentally, a new experimental set-up was designed and constructed. The working\nprinciple of the apparatus is modulation of the volume of the closed cell in a sinusiodal way,\nwith variable amplitude and frequency, and measuring the pressure, adsorbent temperature and\ngas temperature responses. The test system was CO2/ zeolite 5A particles. The results showed\nthat the NFR method can be applied for identification of the kinetic mechanism and estimation\nof equilibrium and kinetic data. It was also shown, that it is advantageous compared to the\nlinear FR method in terms of reliability of identification of the kinetic model based on the\nsecond-order FRF, as well as in the possibility to estimate both kinetic and equilibrium data.\nSince this work represents the first evidence of experimental application of the NFR method for\ninvestigation of gas adsorption, it opens significant new perspectives in this field.
Reactive Oxygen Species–Mediated Homologous Downregulation of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor mRNA by Angiotensin II

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recent studies suggest a crucial role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for the signaling of angiotensin (Ang) II through Ang II type 1 receptor (AT 1 -R). However, the role of ROS in the regulation of AT 1 -R expression has not been explored. In this study, we examined the effect of an antioxidant on the homologous downregulation of AT 1 -R by Ang II. Ang II (10 −6 mol/L) decreased AT 1 -R mRNA with a peak suppression at 6 hours of stimulation in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Preincubation of vascular smooth muscle cells with N -acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, almost completely inhibited the Ang II–induced downregulation of AT 1 -R mRNA. The effect of NAC was due to stabilization of the AT 1 -R mRNA that was destabilized by Ang II. The Ang II–induced AT 1 -R mRNA downregulation was also blocked by PD98059, an extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase (ERK) kinase inhibitor. Ang II–induced ERK activation was inhibited by NAC as well as by PD98059. Exogenous H 2 O 2 also suppressed AT 1 -R mRNA. These results suggest that the production of ROS and the activation of ERK are critical for the downregulation of AT 1 -R mRNA. The generation of ROS through stimulation of AT 1 -R not only mediates signaling of Ang II but also may play a crucial role in the adaptation process of AT 1 -R to the sustained stimulation of Ang II.
The impact of digital marketing on the performance of firms in Tunisia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The objective of this study is to examine digital marketing in Tunisia and its benefits as a business model used by Tunisian businesses and to determine the influence of digital transformation on the performance of firms in Tunisia. In addition, the objective of our empirical survey is to define the capacities and skills essential to the success of a digital transformation. The study focused on: (1) establishing the extent to which digital marketing has been adopted by firms in Tunisia and (2) determining the influence of digital transformation on the open innovation performance of Tunisian firms. The result of the integration of technological power into the management of enterprises gives rise to a digitalisation that disrupts marketing strategies, significantly contributing to the creation of new business models. The results revealed that the use of digital marketing is significantly linked to three open innovation performance metrics: increased revenue, acquisition of new customers and retention of existing customers. This open innovation performance also has a positive and significant relationship with the use of digital channels by customers, showing that customers using digital channels in their purchasing process will tend to buy, consume and be more loyal than customers using the classic channels.
High Expression of proUK-KGDW Fusion Gene in CHO Cell

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The new expression vector for proUK-KGDW fusion gene was constructed by using routine methods of molecular biology. After the CHO/dhfr- cells were transfected with linearized vector cells were subjected to selection with G418 then the proUK-KGDW expression level of different clone were analyzed. The clones with higher expression level were subjected to 2～3 round amplification with MTX and many clones that could constantly overexpress proUK-KGDW fusion gene were obtained and the expression level exceeded 10 (μg/106 cell·24 h)
Opportunistic Insider Trading During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This paper examines whether opportunistic or routine insiders in US markets engage in informed trading and earn higher short‐term returns during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our findings indicate that trades by opportunistic insiders are indeed informative, yielding higher returns compared to those of routine insiders during the pandemic. Interestingly, we also observe that opportunistic directors earn higher returns than CEOs. Additionally, opportunistic insiders trading in the Nasdaq market achieve higher returns compared to those in the NYSE, and opportunistic insiders in the financial sector outperform those in the non‐financial sector. Our results remain robust across various model specifications, alternative measures and considerations for endogeneity. Overall, our findings suggest that opportunistic insiders possess a significant informational advantage, enabling them to engage in informed trading during the pandemic.
USCIS issues vital fact sheet to protect foreign brides from abuse

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This piece describes a fact sheet developed by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) that alerts women who are contemplating immigrating into the U.S. as foreign brides to look long and close before they leap. With increasing globalization along with the explosive growth in online resources, the market for mail-order brides has skyrocketed, especially over the past decade. Yet early on, this explosion came unaccompanied by the precautions obviously needed to prevent the abuse and exploitation so commonly endured by these highly vulnerable females. In the eyes of the typical abusive male, at least, these women have been bought and paid for, rendering them a mere piece of property. The USCIS fact sheet emerged from the 2006 International Marriage Broker Regulation Act, which provides potential brides with the kind of disclosure (e.g., of potential groom's marital history and criminal background) and information needed to allow them to enter into such a risky scenario with their eyes wide open. KEYWORDS: International Marriage Broker Regulation Act (IMBRA) Language: en
Social Movement Research in the United States: A European Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the effort to create a general, encompassing theory of social movements, a flurry of proposals for "synthesis" have recently been submitted. At first, suggestions were made to reintroduce social-psychological perspectives to the resource mobilization approach (Klandermans, 1984; Ferree and Miller, 1985). Now, the integration of even the resource mobilization and classical perspectives is urged (McAdam, McCarthy and Zald, 1988; Rule, 1989). And in the international debate, a synthesis of European (structural) and American (resource mobilization) traditions is proposed. (Kriesi, 1988; p. 364; Klandermans and Tarrow, 1988; Tarrow, 1991). These propositions, no doubt, reflect researchers' growing awareness of the particular limitations within each perspective to fully account for the emergence, dynamic, and characteristics of these movements. Thus, it is hoped that the systematic silences within the theory of resource mobilization (RM) on the role of norms, beliefs, or emotions might be filled by a return to some of the explanations offered within the collective behavior or mass society tradition. Or, in a somewhat parallel fashion, that the recent European new social movement theories, which link social movements to large-scale structural or cultural change, might nicely complement the American resource mobilization approach, as the latter focuses more exclusively on mobilization processes at the group and individual level.
Highly selective affinity labeling of DNA-polymerase from Thermus thermophilus B35 by a binary system of photoreactive agents.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The thermostable DNA-polymerase from Thermus thermophilus B35 (Tte-polymerase) was affinity labeled by a binary system of photoreagents comprising base-substituted TTP analogs. The 5;-[32P]-labeled primer was elongated by Tte-polymerase in the presence of a TTP analog containing the photoreactive 2,3,5, 6-tetrafluoro-4-azidobenzoyl group (FAB-4-dUTP). Then the reaction mixture was UV-irradiated (365-450 nm) in the presence or the absence of a photosensitizer (TTP analog containing a pyrene moiety, Pyr-dUTP). The initial rate of the Pyr-dUTP-sensitized photomodification was almost 10-fold higher than the rate of direct photomodification (in the absence of Pyr-dUTP); in the case of the sensitized modification, the product of covalent cross-linking of the photoreactive primer with Tte-polymerase was apparently homogenous according to the data of electrophoresis. The enzyme was protected from the photosensitized modification by dNTP. To confirm the selectivity of the photosensitized modification of Tte-polymerase, another DNA-binding protein (human replication factor A, RPA) was added to the reaction mixture. In the presence of the photosensitizer (Pyr-dUTP), RPA was not labeled and only Tte-polymerase was modified, whereas in the case of direct modification, Tte-polymerase and the p32 and p70 subunits of RPA were labeled. The suggested method enables highly selective affinity modification of DNA-polymerases.
CIRCULATING CD4CD25 HIGH CD127 LOW REGULATORY T-CELLS AFTER INTRACORONARY IMPLANTATION OF RAPAMYCIN-ELUTING STENTS: PP.2.73

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The rate of restenosis after percutaneus coronary angioplasty was shown to be significantly reduced by rapamycin-eluting stent (RES) implantation. Rapamycin is supposed to inhibit predominantly smooth muscle cell proliferation. Recent data have proved the immumodulating properties of rapamycin. Thus, in vitro rapamycin suppressed proliferation of effectory CD4+ T-cells selectively while the number of regulatory foxp3+T-cells (Tregs) was elevated. Objectives: To investigate the effects of coronary stenting with RES on circulating lymphocyte subpopulations including activated effectors and T-regs. Methods: We assigned 62 patients who underwent coronary angiography, 42 patients with stable angina and angiographically proved coronary stenosis were treated with RES. Blood samples were obtained before, 24, 48 hours, 7 days, 1 and 3 months after angiography/stenting. The main lymphocyte subpopulations (T-, B-, NK-) were assayed with Simultest IMK-Lymphocyte Kit, activated and regulatory T-cells were identified as CD4+CD25lowCD127high and CD4+CD25highCD127low, respectively. We also measured blood concentration of sCD25 by chemiluminiscent method. Results: No changes in whole leucocytes, relative levels of lymphocytes, main subpopulations of CD3+ lymphocytes and activated CD4+CD25+low T-cells, were observed at all time points. Tregs were significantly increased in patients who received RES one month after PCI (7.52 ± 1.58 % of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes) vs initial levels (5.89 ± 1.59 %, p < 0.001). Treg level did not change in patients after coronaroangiography (5.92 ± 1.90 vs 5.78 ± 1.80). The level of B-cells was reduced in 7 days and a month after PCI with RES implantation (0.21 ± 0.12 vs 0.14 ± 0.10 and 0.13 ± 0.07 x103/μl, p < 0.05) but not after coronary angiography (0.26 ± 0.12 vs 0.24 ± 0.09 and 0.24 ± 0.08). sCD25 concentration was also increased 1 month after RES implantation (554.6 ± 36.7 vs 625.6 ± 39.5U/ml, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The data reveals that regulatory T-cells and sCD25 raise markedly one month after RES implantation. At the same time the level of circulating B-cells was reduced. We speculate that even small doses of rapamycin have a systemic immunomodulating effect, more research is needed to find out if these changes affect the prognosis after coronary stenting with RES.
A Preliminary Study on new approaches to technological evolution and resident autonomy in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 4차 산업혁명에 따른 기술진화가 새로운 주민자치를 위해 어떻게 접근해야 하는지에 대해 논의하였다. 이를 위해 첫째, 기술진화와 사회적 수용의 관계를 주민자치의 관점에서 살펴보았다. 둘째, 기존에 주민자치에서 주로 논의되었던 거버넌스와 사회자본을 기술진화 차원에서 어떻게 논의되는지 살펴보았다. 셋째, 실천적이고 가시적인 차원에서 리빙랩과 스마트 시티 개념을 소개하고 최근 문재인 정부의 주민자치 정책을 살펴보았다. 논의를 정리한 결과, 첫째, 기술혁신과 사회혁신이 공진화(co-evolution)의 관점에서 접근해야 한다. 둘째, 사회자본 형성에 기술진화와 주민자치에 상호작용한다는 점에서 의미가 있고, 사회자본은 이에 대한 매개적 역할을 한다. 셋째, 실천적이고 구체적인 정책단계에서 주민자치를 논의하기 위해 리빙랩과 스마트 시티 플랫폼의 활용이 필요하다. 마지막으로 중앙정부의 스마트 시티 정책의 시혜에 의존하는 수준에서 벗어나 적극적인 조례입법활동을 통해 주민자치 본래 가치를 지역주민이 체감할 수 있는 노력이 필요하다. 결론적으로, 4차 산업혁명은 주민들에게 다소 추상적이고 멀게 인식될 수 있지만, 과학기술이라는 구체적인 수단으로 사회자본을 상호 강화시키는 과정에서 리빙랩과 스마트 시티 플랫폼이 지역차원의 조례입법으로 보장되고 활용된다면 새로운 주민자치의 패러다임을 형성할 수 있을 것이다.
Cloning, Expression and Identification of the Biliverdin Reductase cDNA of Rat Kidney

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To clone, express and identify the biliverdin reductase (BVR) cDNA in rat kidney. Methods The biliverdin reductase cDNA was amplified by reverse transcription-poly-merase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with the specific primers designed in accordance with the reported cDNA sequence NM [053850] in GenBank. The sequencing result showed that the cDNA sequence was identical to the published one. The cDNA was inserted into the plasmid pMW172a and then the recombinant was transformed into E, coli BL21 (DE3) host bacteria to express soluble BVR proteins. Results After purification, the molecular weight of BVR proteins, as measured by using SDS-PAGE,was 33 ku, which was consistent with that previously reported. The catalytic activity determination showed that the purified proteins could catalyze the reduction of biliverdin to bilirubin when the absorbency of bilirubin was detected at 45. 0 nm. These results showd that the BVR we obtained had reducing activity. In addition, the Km value of the product was determined with NADH and NADPH as the substrate, the values being 380 μmol/L and 3. 5 μmol/L, respectively. Conclusion This study has laid the foundation for future research on the structure and function of BVR and provided a promissing approach for obtaining BVR for the research on heme oxygenase.
Design and performance of collimated coincidence point sources for simultaneous transmission measurements in 3-D PET

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors have implemented a simultaneous emission-transmission measurement for three-dimensional positron emission tomography (3-D PET) using a collimated coincidence point source design employing a fast, dedicated, reference detector close to the transmission source. This design reduces the effects of randoms, scatter, dead time, and sensitivity loss on the emission data compared to previous implementations. It also greatly reduces the effect of emission contamination of the transmission data compared to the use of rod sources. Here, the authors present performance characterizations of this measurement technique on both the Siemens/CTI ECAT ART and PET/SPECT tomographs. The main effect of the transmission sources on the emission measurement is an increased randoms rate, which lends to a 10-25% reduction in NECR at specific activities >2 kBq/mL in a 21-cm-diameter phantom on the PET/SPECT. Emission contamination effects on the transmission measurement are estimated to be less than 1% for up to 20 kBq/mL in a 21-cm phantom on the PET/SPECT. Both the emission and transmission NECR are dominated by the effects of randoms. Considering the effects of both emission and transmission noise on the final corrected image, it appears that 3-6 kBq/mL of emitter concentration is an optimal imaging range for simultaneous acquisitions. The authors present the first images of a normal volunteer using this system on a Siemens/CTI PET/SPECT tomograph.
Bacteriologic and Genomic Investigation of Bacillus anthracis Isolated from World War II Site, China

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Records suggest Bacillus anthracis was used in biowarfare during World War II, but evidence remains limited. We isolated B. anthracis from soil at the remains of a World War II-era laboratory in China. Phenotypic and genomic analyses confirmed the finding, highlighting the value of microbial forensics in biothreat investigation.
The Effect of Various Antioxidants on the Degradation of O/W Microemulsions Containing Esterified Astaxanthins from <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i>

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Esterified astaxanthins are used as functional nutraceuticals and pigments in many food products. Unfortunately, the utilization is currently limited due to their chemical instability and poor water-solubility. In this study, esterified astaxanthins were quantified and purified from Haematococcus pluvialis using a novel and precise approach. By HPLC-(+)APCI-MS/MS, twenty esterified astaxanthin molecular species were identified, of which classified into eight monoester forms (approximately 85%, w/w) and twelve diester forms (approximately 15%, w/w), depending on the number of fatty acids that bind thereto. The MS data showed that the predominant fatty acids in astaxanthin esters of H. pluvialis are usually a long chain fatty acid with 16~18 carbon atoms, such as C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C18:4, C16:0, C16:1. The purity of the esterified astaxanthins was determined to be 96.8±1.2% after purification. A well water-dispersible microemulsion was fabricated using high purity esterified astaxanthins, ethyl butyrate, Tween 80 and ethanol; and that emulsion exhibited a mean particle radius around 60 nm. The chemical degradation of esterified astaxanthins was monitored under accelerated stress storage conditions. After storage for 20 days, the results indicated that the degradation of esterified astaxanthins was effectively slowed by the addition of antioxidants to the microemulsions. By investigating the dependence of the chemical degradation of the esterified astaxanthins in O/W microemulsions on the concentration of the additives, it was concluded that the effectiveness of the additives at inhibiting the degradation of the esterified astaxanthins decreased in the following order: EDTA > ascorbic acid > vitamin E acetate. The utilization of antioxidants in combination was less effective than using them individually. These results provide information for designing effective delivery systems, thereby delaying the chemical degradation of esterified astaxanthins in foods, beverages and other commercial products during long-term storage.