jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and predictors of malignancies in a polycentric cohort of HIV patients from Italy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infectious Diseases Unit, Pescara General Hospital, Pescara, Italy. Infectious Diseases Clinic, Universita degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy. Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Biomedical Science, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy. Infectious Diseases Unit, AOU Carreggi, Firenze, Italy. Infectious Diseases Clinic, Universita ‘‘G. D’Annunzio’’, Chieti, Italy. Infectious Diseases Unit, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy.
Fenton and Photo-Fenton for Treatment of Red Water Containing Trinitrotoluene: A Comparative Study

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Wastewater originating from the production of TNT explosives (red water) contains special hazardous substances that must be treated before discharging into the water environment. In this study, we applied both conventional Fenton and photo-Fenton (UV-Fenton) processes to treat COD and color in red water. In the Fenton process, the COD and color removal efficiencies were 75.5 and 92.4%, respectively, under optimal operating conditions of pH = 3, [Fe2+] = 0.3 g L-1, H2O2/Fe(Ⅱ) ratio = 10:1, reaction time = 120 min. In the UV-Fenton process, the efficiencies were 76.1 and 94.2%, respectively, under optimal operating conditions of pH = 3, [Fe2+] = 0.21 g L-1, H2O2/Fe(Ⅱ) ratio = 7:1, reaction time = 90 min. These results indicate that the use of ultraviolet could reduce not only the reaction time but also the chemical use (i.e. H2O2 and Fe2+), thus reducing the sludge production. Importantly, the UV-Fenton process significantly increased the BOD5/COD ratio from 0.13 to 0.58, which greatly enhanced the biodegradability of the wastewater for biological treatment. Therefore, UV-Fenton can be applied as an effective pretreatment in the treatment of red water with high color and organic pollutants.
Stability Analyses of Waste Rock Barricades Designed to Retain Paste Backfill

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cemented paste backfill (CPB) is widely applied in underground mines around the world. Prior to stope backfilling, barricades need to be built in drifts near drawpoints to retain the flowable fill. A number of reported barricade failures have shown that barricade stability is critical for ensuring successful and safe application of backfill. The barricades are usually made of high-strength materials such as bricks, concrete blocks, or reinforced shotcrete. Alternatively, barricades made of waste rocks are becoming popular because of their simple and low-cost construction. A simple solution was proposed for sizing waste rock barricades (WRBs) by considering the limit equilibrium of a three-dimensional (3D)-rectangular block. More recently, the authors modified this solution by considering the global stability of trapezoidal barricades, but the local stability was not taken into account. Consequently, the size of the crest can be underestimated, leading to a nonconservative design. In this paper, a more complete solution is proposed, considering both the global and local stabilities of trapezoidal WRBs. The analytical solution was calibrated and validated using numerical modeling. The flexibility and validity of the proposed solution were further tested with complementary simulations. Sample calculations are also performed here to show the application of this solution and to illustrate the effect of key influencing factors on barricade design. © 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
Sexting Behavior Predictors Vary With Addressee and the Explicitness of the Sexts

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this research is to examine associations of adolescent sexting with gender, being in a romantic relationship, and other online or offline sexual behaviors, using the adolescent sexting scale A-SextS as a standardized measure. Data were collected from a sample of 579 Spanish secondary school pupils (47.3% girls), between the ages of 11 and 18 (interquartile range: 13–15 years; median = 14 years). Multinomial regression models revealed that having had sexual intercourse was the most relevant predictor variable, especially for high-frequency sexting. Adolescents involved in a romantic relationship were more likely to engage in high-frequency sexting with someone known in person. Pornography consumption was mainly associated with high-frequency explicit sexting with someone known only on the internet. Lastly, females were more likely to engage in low-frequency, non-explicit sexting as well as high-frequency explicit sexting with someone known only on the internet.
The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of slow release nifedipine during chronic dosing in volunteers.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Eight healthy volunteers received slow release nifedipine 20 mg 12 hourly, for six doses. A nifedipine pharmacokinetic profile was performed after the fifth dosing interval using 12 sampling times over 12 h. A specific high pressure liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) nifedipine assay was used. Six of the volunteers subsequently received an i.v. infusion of 3.5 mg of nifedipine after an identical period (five dosing intervals) of chronic oral dosing with slow release nifedipine 20 mg 12 hourly. An identical pharmacokinetic profile was performed after the infusion. Bioavailability, clearance (CL), apparent volume of distribution (V), apparent half life (t1/2) and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. The geometric mean apparent t1/2 for the slow release preparation was 6.3 +/‐ 2.0 h. In the six volunteers, the mean bioavailability was 46% (range 29‐86%), the mean CL was 588.0 +/‐ 67.1 ml min‐1, the mean apparent V was 160.1 +/‐ 61.7 l. The pharmacokinetics of slow release nifedipine during chronic dosing appear similar to those derived from single dose studies.
Particle-free velocity and temperature field imaging using krypton laser-induced fluorescence

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Particle-free simultaneous velocimetry and thermometry of gaseous flow are demonstrated using krypton (Kr) planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). Spectral properties of the Kr 5 p [32] 2 ←←4 p 6 S 0 1 absorption profile are leveraged to obtain time-averaged 2D temperature and velocity (in the direction of the laser propagation) fields in a heated M = 0.74 turbulent jet issuing into ambient. Synthetic asymmetric Voigt profiles are fitted to the measured Kr absorption profile, and the resultant collisional widths are mapped to obtain the local temperatures. Doppler shift fields in combination with temperatures are used to obtain the corresponding velocity fields. Whereas the measured mean temperature fields agree to within 7% deviation of the computed temperature field, velocity values show a maximum of 12% deviation.
A Case of Invasive Breast Cancer Supervening on von Recklinghausen's Disease Associated with Scoliosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は44歳,女性.12歳時,von Recklinghausen病(以下,R病)に伴う側弯症を診断され,治療のため長期間,頻回のX線検査を受けていた.2012年4月,左乳房に出血を伴う腫瘤を認め受診した.CTで乳頭直下に6cm大の腫瘤と同側腋窩リンパ節腫大を認めた.針生検で浸潤性乳管癌,ER(-),PgR(+),HER2(1+)と診断し,術前化学療法後に左乳房切除+腋窩隔清(Bt+Ax)を施行した.最終病期はpT4c,pN0,M0,stage IIIB,Grade 1bであった.R病合併乳癌の報告数は近年増加している.R病患者の約10%に側弯症が合併するといわれている.R病性側弯症を伴う患者は自験例のように頻回のX線被曝によりさらに乳癌発症のリスクが高まる可能性がある.R病合併乳癌の1例を報告すると共にX線被曝による乳癌発症のリスクを考察した.
Antagonism/Agonism Modulation to Build Novel Antihypertensives Selectively Triggering I1-Imidazoline Receptor Activation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pharmacological studies have suggested that I1-imidazoline receptors are involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function and that selective I1-agonists, devoid of the side effects associated with the common hypotensive α2-adrenoreceptor agonists, might be considered as a second generation of centrally acting antihypertensives. Therefore, in the present study, inspired by the antihypertensive behavior of our selective I1-agonist 4, we designed, prepared, and studied the novel analogues 5-9. A selective I1-profile, associated with significant hemodinamic effects, was displayed by 5, 8, and 9. Interestingly, the highest potency and longest lasting activity displayed by 8 (carbomethyline) suggested that van der Waals interactions, promoted by the ortho methyl decoration of its aromatic moiety, are particularly advantageous. In addition, in analogy to what was noted for (S)-(+)-4, the observation that only (S)-(+)-8 displayed significant hemodynamic effects unequivocally confirmed the stereospecific nature of the I1 proteins.
<i>prajā´kāma</i>- and <i>putrákāma</i>-

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines a usage of these compounds, prajā́kāma- ‘one who desires offspringʼ and putrákāma- ‘one who desires a son’ in the Veda, from the Saṁhitās to the Brāhmaṇas, in order to offer some materials to understand the family and social system in ancient India as well as the Vedic priests’ major role.
Parity Violation in Weak Nuclear Interactions: A Comparative Analysis within the Framework of Standard Model and the Generation Model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The treatment of parity violations in the weak nuclear interactions is discussed within the frameworks of both the Standard Model (SM) and the Generation Model (GM) of particle physics. It will be demonstrated that several important differences between these two models leads to the SM merely describing the parity violations, while the GM provides an understanding of the cause of the parity violations in weak nuclear interactions. The significant differences arising from several dubious assumptions made during the development of the SM, lead to very different conclusions concerning the nature of the parity violations in the two models. While the SM is able to describe the observed parity violations in terms of a "V-A" theory of the weak nuclear interactions, the GM is also able to demonstrate the cause of the observed parity violations: in the GM, the observed parity violations arise as a consequence of the negative intrinsic parity of both the \(\mathit{W}\) massive bosons, which mediate these so-called charge-changing (CC) weak nuclear interactions. In the SM, the parity of charged pions is assumed to be \(\mathit{P}\pi = -1\). This led not only to the overthrow of parity conservation in 1957 but also to the combined chargeconjugation parity \((\mathit{CP})\) violation in 1964. It will be shown that the GM explains quantatatively that \(\mathit{CP}\) is conserved in CC weak nuclear interactions.
Unexpected long-term survival of Stage IV pancreatic cancer patient with synchronic liver metastases after multimodal therapy including upfront surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We report the case of a 56-year-old male with pancreatic cancer and 25 liver metastases. The patient underwent a distal pancreatectomy with 11 metastasectomies in the left liver lobe. Histological examination demonstrated a moderately differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma with pT3N0M1, Stage IVb. Three weeks later, we performed transarterial chemoembolization for the right lobe of the liver, and after 6 weeks we started systemic chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX. After 31 months, computer tomography examination showed increases in size of the remaining lesions at segment VII/VIII of the right lobe. All liver metastases were surgically removed and a new chemotherapy was initiated. Nevertheless, after 40 months the patient developed two brain metastases. One was surgically resected and the smaller lesion was treated by gamma knife. Unfortunately, the patient died 42 months after the first presentation. Conclusively, in very selected patients with synchronic liver metastasis, multimodal treatment including repeated surgery, TACE and chemotherapy may prolong survival.
Evaluating the accuracy and precision of sonographic fetal weight estimation models in extremely early‐onset fetal growth restriction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Birthweight is a critical predictor of survival in extremely early‐onset fetal growth restriction (diagnosed pre‐28 weeks’ gestation, with abnormal umbilical/uterine artery Doppler waveforms), therefore accurate fetal weight estimation is a crucial component of antenatal management. Currently available sonographic fetal weight estimation models were predominantly developed in populations of mixed gestational age and varying fetal weights, but not specifically tested within the context of extremely early‐onset fetal growth restriction. This study aimed to determine the accuracy and precision of fetal weight estimation in this population and investigate whether model performance is affected by other factors. Material and methods Cases where a growth scan was performed within 48 hours of delivery (n = 65) were identified from a cohort of extremely early‐onset fetal growth‐restricted pregnancies at a single tertiary maternity center (n = 159). Fetal biometry measurements were used to calculate estimated fetal weight using 21 previously published models. Systematic and random errors were calculated for each model and used to identify the best performing model, which in turn was used to explore the relationship between error and gestation, estimated fetal weight, fetal presentation, fetal asymmetry and amniotic fluid volume. Results Both systematic (median 8.2%; range −44.1 to 49.5%) and random error (median 11.6%; range 9.7‐23.8%) varied widely across models. The best performing model was Hadlock head circumference‐abdominal circumference‐femur length (HC‐AC‐FL), regardless of gestational age, fetal size, fetal presentation or asymmetry, with an overall systematic error of 1.5% and random error of 9.7%. Despite this, it only calculated the estimated fetal weight within 10% of birthweight in 64.6% of cases. There was a weak negative relation between mean percentage error with Hadlock HC‐AC‐FL and amniotic fluid volume, suggesting fetal weight is overestimated at lower liquor volumes and underestimated at higher liquor volumes ( P = 0.002, adjusted R 2 = 0.08). Conclusions Hadlock HC‐AC‐FL is the most accurate model currently available to estimate fetal weight in extremely early‐onset fetal growth restriction independent of gestation or fetal size, asymmetry or presentation. However, for 35.4% of cases in this study, estimated fetal weight calculated using this model deviates by more than 10% from birthweight, highlighting a need for an improved model.
Validity of appreciation of crop yield capability with the rank analysis method by variety regional trials

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This rank analysis method was a practical and forthright data analysis method evaluating crop varieties yield in regional trials. The availability of rank analysis method has been proved in regional trials of soybean varieties by the example of several years and locations and with the mid-long-term rolling way alternating frequently tested varieties, 75 percent of the excellent materials selected by this method passed the local variety examination.
Finding the boundaries of compound documents on the web

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In both paper and digital worlds information resources generally consist of individual parts combined into a whole. A book is an aggregation of physical pages, and a web document is often published as several HTML pages. While in the paper world the connection between the aggregated resource and its parts is often obvious, in the digital world this connection is less clear and may depend on the context. Given a set of information units, the problem is to decide how-many aggregated resources there are, and which information units are parts of which resource.
The ability to automatically identify aggregate resources is useful in many applications. On the web, example applications include web and intranet search, user navigation, automated collection generation, and information extraction. It is also useful in biological applications, digital libraries, and P2P systems.
The focus of this dissertation is developing algorithms for automatically identifying such aggregate resources. While the main scope of the dissertation is the problem of identifying such resources, or compound documents (cDocs), on the web, the proposed techniques can be extended to other domains.
The problem is difficult because the structure of cDocs typically varies and is not necessarily inherent in the web site, but may be imposed by a specific application or context. To address these complexities, this dissertation describes a machine learning based approach to recognizing cDocs. Given example cDocs provided by an agent, the approach first infers the agent's criteria of a cDoc, and then identifies other cDocs according to these criteria.
Two specific approaches implementing the above framework are described. The first approach, Weighted Graph Clustering, learns the correct clustering of a web site based on analysis of the features of individual web pages and their immediate neighbors. The second approach, Generalized Pattern Matching, is based on graph mining techniques and analyses the web site as a whole. The approaches are evaluated on real web sites from educational, commercial, and news domains. The strengths and weaknesses of each approach are discussed and a combined hybrid approach is described. Experiments demonstrate significant improvements in performance over baseline heuristic approaches.
Does schooling promote democracy? A meta-analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Worldwide democratic backsliding and surge of authoritarianism have revived interest in the potential of schooling to support democracy. Yet, while many intellectuals, donors, governments, and civil society organizations continue acting on this belief, the empirical literature they rely on is remarkably divided. We challenge this gridlock by offering a theoretical and methodological framework to account for conflicting findings and to facilitate resolving this debate. Our approach combines ideas on how different levels of schooling, ways of accounting for different contexts, and epistemic community influences can affect the relationship between education and political regime. To examine these ideas, we leverage statistical meta-analysis of synthesized empirical evidence base. Contrary to mainstream views, we find that, while the overall education-political regime relationship is positive, it is small and contingent. Pro-democratic effects of education come mostly from primary schooling and are uncertain beyond this level. Country-specific factors may explain part, though not all cross-national variation. Finally, we detect strong evidence of dissemination and publication biases that shape our knowledge on education-democracy linkage.
Abstract 2335: Heterozygous PALB2 mutations cause replication stress and DNA repair defects in carrier derived lymphoblastoid cell lines

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract During the last decade, PALB2 has been defined as a high-risk breast cancer susceptibility gene alongside BRCA1 and BRCA2. Heterozygous mutation in PALB2 increases the lifetime breast cancer risk of female carriers to an average of 53%, but the risk estimate is affected by family history, studied population, and the specific pathogenic variant. We have previously shown that lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) of persons heterozygous for PALB2 c.1592delT, a Finnish founder mutation, show defects in DNA replication and damage response. Now we examine how various heterozygous, protein-truncating PALB2 founder mutations from different populations affect cell function, and whether the observed phenotype correlates with disease risk. The study cohorts come from Canada, Australia, and Finland and consist of 80 LCLs of PALB2 mutation carriers (c.1592delT, c.2323C&gt;T, c.3113G&gt;A or c.3323delA) and suitable population controls. There is some evidence that these variants are associated with different magnitudes of breast cancer risk, and PALB2 c.3113G&gt;A has been associated with an exceptionally high cancer risk of 91% (95% CI 44-100) to age 70. Utilizing these LCLs, we have studied DNA damage response, cell cycle progression, and DNA replication with various methods. DNA fiber assay results show that PALB2 mutation carriers elongate their DNA more slowly during replication, likely due to increased fork stalling, but compensate this by increased dormant origin firing. The strongest replication phenotype was observed for PALB2 c.3113G&gt;A carriers. High content analysis shows that most of the mutation carriers had compromised RAD51 foci formation after DNA damage, whereas 53BP1 foci levels were elevated. These results indicate that during DNA double-strand break repair, heterozygous PALB2 mutation carriers may rely more on alternative, error-prone pathways that are independent of RAD51, thus contributing to genomic instability. Additionally, we are currently performing RNA-Seq to determine if the LCLs show adaptation of their gene expression in response to pathogenic PALB2 variants. Citation Format: Niina Laurila, Kerstin Borgmann, Muthiah Bose, Felix Meyer, Katri Pylkäs, Bing Xia, William Foulkes, Melissa Southey, Helmut Pospiech, Robert Winqvist. Heterozygous PALB2 mutations cause replication stress and DNA repair defects in carrier derived lymphoblastoid cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2335.
Interruptions in kindergarten and grade three classrooms : a sociological analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The theoretical background of the investigation is Blumer's (1962) symbolic interactionist interpretations of George Herbert Mead's beliefs about social order. Research on schooling (e.g., Jackson, 1968; Martin, 1976; Woods, 1980; and Delamont, 1976) within the symbolic interactionist theoretical orientation is used to identify substantive issues in classroom research. These issues are addressed as part of the hidden curriculum of the classroom. Specifically this thesis investigates interruptions in kindergarten and grade three classrooms. It is designed to uncover specific dimensions of the complexities of an evolving social order and the hidden curriculum of the classroom. -- The decision to select a non-participant observation approach was shaped by theoretical perspectives, data requirements, administrative accessibility and technological efficiency. Fieldnotes of twenty three and one half hours of classroom interaction were recorded. By simultaneous collection and analysis of data eight categories of interruptions were extracted: (1) Obtrusive/Rude , (2) Observer Related, (3) Accepted/Excused, (4) Accepted/Unexcused, (5) Unnoticed/Ignored, (6) Environmental/Routine; (7) Point of Order/Direction, (8) Patterned/Question-Response. These interruptions were further analyzed for situational contexts of seating, types of periods and actors. -- Through comparative analysis of the interpretations by the actors of these interruptions in context similarities and differences between the teachers' and students' interpretation of interruptions were found. Situational contingencies attendant upon the interpretation of interruptions in kindergarten and grade three classrooms were also revealed. For example, kindergarten students were observed attempting to relate to the researcher in the classroom as they might relate to a teacher while in the grade three classroom deliberate attempts on the part of the observer to disguise teacher-like behaviour left students displaying confusion and disorientation. -- The importance of situational context to these interruptions point the way to further research into classroom situations. The overall findings of the present research suggest that teacher sensitization to the interruptive process could enhance teaching/learning.