jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of simulated acid rain on seed germination and seedling growth of Mikania micrantha H.B.K

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mikania micrantha H.B.K,a harmful exotic weed causing great harm in southern China and part of Yunnan.Southern China is also a acid precipitation area.Effects of simulated acid rain with different pH values on the germination and seedling growth of Mikania micrantha H.B.K were studied.The concentrations of chlorophyll,malonaldehyde(MDA),proline,O2-·production rate,and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) were determined.The results showed the seed can germinate over pH3.5 while cannot germinate below pH3.0.Simulated acid rain has no significant effect on concentrations of chlorophyll.While pH values of simulated acid rain fell,O2-·production rate rose and concentrations of malonaldehyde(MDA),proline,and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) rose first and then fell.Concentrations of malonaldehyde(MDA),proline,and activity of peroxidase(POD) reached the peak at pH3.5 while activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) reached the peak at pH4.0.The result indicated that Mikania micrantha H.B.K can adapt the acid precipitation in Southern China.
Finding the Sweet Spot for Effective Regulation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter argues that the present financial and economic crisis is the result of not so much a lack of regulation as a lack of effective regulation. A focus on effectiveness leads to three themes for reform. The primary one should be the reduction of systemic risk. The second is that the route to enhanced investor protection is through greater transparency in the financial system. The third is that the U.S. regulatory structure must be reorganized to meet these two goals—that is, it must become more integrated and efficient. These themes are highlighted in the report released in 2009 by the nonpartisan Committee on Capital Markets Regulation.
A new species of terrestrial planarian of the genus Notogynaphallia Ogren & Kawakatsu (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola) from south Brazil and some comments on the genus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new species of Notogynaphallia Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990, from Southern Brazil, is described. Notogynaphallia ceciliae sp. nov. has an elongated body with parallel margins and five dorsal dark longitudinal stripes on a yellowish ground. It possess branched efferent ducts, each branch opening separately into the anterior and median thirds of the long prostatic vesicle. Comparative commentaries on the most important characters of the external and internal morphology of the 23 species of the genus are also presented, so delimiting smaller inside groups.
Scotland and the British Revolution, 1688-1715

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Revolution in Britain was not a peaceful event tidily packed away before the spring of 1689. It was a violent affair which began with a military invasion of England in 1688 and ended with the jacobite rebellion of 1715. Only then was the rejection of the Stewart dynasty irrevocable. The man who made revolution possible, William of Orange, was the son of Charles I's daughter Mary, and was married to James VII's eldest daughter, another Mary. With these dynastic credentials, and with his calvinist faith and hostility to Louis XIV, William was a natural focus for a reversionary interest in Britain. The prickly relationship William had with James before 1685 was exacerbated by the Monmouth and Argyll rebellions, launched unofficially from Holland, and by the protection William granted to British exiles, including a number of Scots. By 1686 William was an active participant in British politics, motivated by James's pro-French foreign policy at a time when the Dutch were rearming in preparation for an expected clash with Louis XIV, suspicions over the direction of the king's catholicising policies, and by a desire to ensure that James did not ignite revolution and lose Mary's inheritance.
The Effects of Thermo-Electrically Induced Convection in Alloy Solidification

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The effects of a constant uniform magnetic field on thermoelectric currents during dendritic solidification were investigated using a 2-dimensional enthalpy based numerical model. Using an approximation of the dendrite growing in free space it was found that the resulting Lorentz force generates a circulating flow influencing the solidification pattern. As the magnetic field strength increases it was found that secondary growth on the clockwise side of the primary arm of the dendrite was encouraged, while the anticlockwise side is suppressed due to a reduction in local free energy. The preferred direction of growth rotated in the clockwise sense under an anti-clockwise flow for both the binary alloy and pure material. The tip velociy is significantly increased compared to growth in stagnant flow. This is due to a small recirculation that follows the tip of the dendrite; bringing in colder liquid and lower concentrations of solute. The recirculation being not normally incident on the tip is most likely the cause for the rotation. Grain growth consisting of multiple seeds with the same anisotropy growing in the same plane, gives a competition to release latent heat resulting in stunted growth. The initial growth for each dendrite is very similar to the single seed cases indicating that dendrites must become before the thermoelectric interactions are significant.
Synthetic hFSH peptide constructs in the evaluation of previous studies on the hFSH receptor interaction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The human follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH) belongs to a family of glycoprotein hormones which contains two non-identical subunits. This paper describes the design and synthesis of a series of synthetic hFSH constructs as putative ligands for the receptor. The design of these constructs is based on the crystal structure of hCG and molecular modelling using the program package Insight II/Discover. The designed constructs contain peptides ranging from 7 to 48 amino acid residues, disulphide bridges and glycan residues. All the synthetic peptides were synthesized by the stepwise solid-phase method using Fmoc chemistry. Two of the synthetic peptides contain the glycosylated amino acid. Asn(GlcNAc-GlcNAc) and both were prepared using fully protected glycosylated building blocks in the solid-phase peptide synthesis. The disulphide bridges were formed from acetamidomethyl-protected glycopeptides and peptides by a direct deprotection/oxidation method using thallium(III) trifluoroacetate. Mass spectroscopy and amino acid analysis were used for characterization of the synthetic hFSH glycopeptides and peptides. The synthetic hFSH constructs were tested for binding activity on FSH receptor assays but none showed improved binding properties compared with the naturally occurring hormone. It was finally demonstrated that non-related peptides showed non-specific binding at the same level as reported for specific peptides.
Gastrointestinal Tolerability and Effectiveness of Rofecoxib versus Naproxen in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In patients with osteoarthritis treated for 12 weeks, rofecoxib, 25 mg/d, was as effective as naproxen, 500 mg twice daily, but had statistically significantly superior GI tolerability and led to less use of concomitant GI medications. Benefits of rofecoxib in subgroup analyses were consistent with findings in the overall sample.
THE EFFECT OF USING EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION ON STUDENT IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT ON THE VIII CLASS OF SMP NEGERI 1 BAMBEL ACADEMIC YEAR 2022/2023

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to know the Effect of using explixit intruction method tin the VIII class of SMP Negeri Bambel in writing procedure text in the academic year 2022/2023. this rsearch use quantitaive method in the analyzing data.The population of this resarch is 72 students VII class of SMP Negeri 1 Bambel, where the sample was taken total sampling whic is all populatition became the sample it was 72 students.This resreach gave two tests they are pre-test and post-test. Finding this is research pre-test get the mean score 21,57 with standard deviation is 8, 50 while post-test get the 54,91 with standar deviataon 4,18 The data from pretest and posttest was calculated by using t test, it was found that tobservation=20,03 and finding ttable of level α 5% with df = 1,993. it mean 30,03>1,993 The result showed that there is effect of using explicit intruction on studen’s skillwriting procedure text.
[The potentials of current methods for the radiodiagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous malformations].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The potentialities of current Neuroimaging methods were established to allow one to make an early minimally invasive diagnosis of arteriovenous [correction of arterioventricular] malformations. The most promising method is a combined use of X-ray computer and magnetic resonance tomography with transcranial Doppler echography, which is in conformity with the unity principle of morphological and functional non-invasive diagnostic methods. At present, cerebral angiography should be used only in combination with preoperative examination of these patients.
Diverticular Disease of the Colon Without Diverticula

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

GEORGE and Leonard (1919) described a peculiar serrated edge on the radiograph of the filled sigmoid colon: sharply pointed close-set serrations resembling the teeth of a saw, which was constantly reproducible. They believed the sign indicated diverticulitis even though no sacs were visible. Case (1929) correlated this description with that of Spriggs and Marxer (1925) who held that it represented a pre-diverticular state. Since then, radiologists have accepted the name prediverticular state as a useful term for the written x-ray report, or, distressed by the lack of an honest pathologic parentage, have ignored it as of no account. The varied pictures which show the condition can be found in review articles of Marcus and Watt (1964, 1965). In contrast to their approach, this paper will consider all patterns with none or at the most a few sacs, which are recognizable as due to diverticular disease because of their frequent occurrence in patients with established diverticulosis in nearby colon, though they may be found in the absence of even a solitary diverticulum. By this definition the findings are common. The radiology of this subject is incomprehensible unless the anatomical asymmetry of the sigmoid and lower descending colon is appreciated. In cross section, this portion of the colon can be thought of as an isosceles triangle, the apex under the mesentery and a taenia at each corner. The lateral wall between the mesenteric and the antimesenteric taeniae is long and flexible, and it is this wall that bends inward to form the anatomical haustral folds and from which the lateral or large diverticula emerge. The short base of the triangle is firmly supported by the antimesenteric taeniae, infolds less obviously, and is the site of emergence of the much smaller antimesenteric diverticula. X-rays traveling in the line of the mesentery will traverse the interhaustral folds and show the lateral sacs on the horizon (Fig. 2) while those traveling at right angles to the mesentery will demonstrate the antimesenteric wall on the horizon, lose the primary sacs against the shadow of the barium-filled lumen, and show the interhaustral folds as bar-shaped half shadows (Fig. 4). This account helps understanding of the anatomy of carefully oriented radiographs in the operative specimen, but in life the view may be an oblique projection, further complicated by the natural curve of the sigmoid colon and by the fact that the radiograph is a picture of the inside of the mucosa and not of the muscle. These points, as well as the crescent shape and alternating nature of the interhaustral folds in diverticular disease, have already been illustrated (Williams, 1963). Methods and Materials The background radiological experience is of routine barium-enema examinations from unspecialized general hospitals.
Periphyton dry mass, ash content, and chlorophyll content on natural substrata in three water bodies of different trophy

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Periphyton communities were studied on several dominating macrophytes, Phragmites australis, Potamogeton lucens, and Nuphar lutea, in three different types of lakes. In soft-water mesotrophic Lake Mały Borek and in shallow, eutrophic Lake Gardno samples were collected about once every two months from April to November 2009. In eutrophic Szczecin Lagoon (the estuary of the Oder River), samples were only collected once in July. The aim of this paper was to determine the dry mass, the ash content, and the chlorophyll-a content of periphyton on a natural substratum, in order to determine the mass, the inorganicorganic status of periphyton, and the auto-heterotrophic character of this complex. The analyzed periphytic communities exhibited low dry mass at the beginning of the growth season, which increased with colonization period on the aquatic vegetation. The highest (but still low) values were achieved in autumn, which persisted, with small loss, until spring of the subsequent year. The differences in dry mass between each type of lake were small, but in the strongly eutrophic Szczecin Lagoon this index was slightly higher than in the other two water bodies. The highest dry mass was noted for periphyton dominated by Cordylophora caspia colonies overgrowing common reeds and for periphyton on Potamogeton lucens in Szczecin Lagoon. In shallow water bodies, such as Lake Gardno and Szczecin Lagoon, wind causes strong resuspension of sediments. This can explain the relatively high level of inorganic matter in dry mass of the periphyton in both water bodies. However, the small ash content in periphyton in Mały Borek may result from the soft-water character of this lake. The hetero-autotrophic status of the periphytic community prevailed throughout the study period in Gardno and Mały Borek lakes. The auto-heterotrophic status of periphyton was noted only in short periods of time in each lake.
ONE-CHIP CAR-RADIO DSP WITH HIGH ANALOG PERFORMANCE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A one-chip DSP (Digital Signal Processor) performs all the audio processing in a car-radio. The circuit contains two 16-hit Σ-/Spl Delta/ A/D converters and four 18-bit D/A converters. A high analog performance figure is achieved bby careful separation of the digital noise, from the converters.
Systematic Review on the Effectiveness and Outcomes of Nivolumab Treatment Schemes in Advanced and Metastatic Cervical Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Advanced and metastatic cervical cancer remains a formidable challenge in oncology, with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab emerging as a potential therapeutic option. This systematic review rigorously assesses the effectiveness and outcomes of various nivolumab treatment regimens within this patient cohort, drawing from clinical trials and real-world evidence up to December 2023. Following a comprehensive search across PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, four studies were deemed eligible, involving a collective total of 80 patients. One preliminary trial data were excluded from the final analysis, as well as four other proceedings and abstracts on the efficacy and safety of nivolumab on advanced cervical cancer. The patients’ average age across these studies was 48 years, with an average of 38% having an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 1. Notably, 64% of all patients were positive for high-risk HPV, and 71% exhibited PD-L1 positivity, indicating a substantial target population for nivolumab. The analysis revealed a pooled objective response rate (ORR) of 48%, with a disease control rate (DCR) averaging 71%. Moreover, progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months was observed at an average rate of 50%, reflecting the significant potential of nivolumab in managing advanced stages of the disease. The review highlights the influence of PD-L1 status on response rates and underscores the enhanced outcomes associated with combination therapy approaches. By delineating the variability in treatment efficacy and pinpointing key factors affecting therapeutic response and survival, this systematic review calls for further investigations to refine nivolumab’s clinical application, aiming to improve patient outcomes in advanced and metastatic cervical cancer.
[Recent progress in cancer therapy in gynecology--endometrial cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relative incidence of endometrial carcinoma is obviously increasing as a disease of post-menopausal women with the ageing of the population in Japan. Growth of malignant endometrium tends to develop there both into the muscle and into the cavity. However, diagnosis in most cases is made by stage 1a (39.7%) and 1 b (19.0%) in FIGO classification. In the treatment of endometrial carcinoma, even after a simple hysterectomy in 89.2% of total cases 5-year cure rate may be reached to 80%, which has compared well with the 60% cure rate for cervical cancer. Some fractions of endometrial adenocarcinoma are estrogen-dependent and could therefore respond to antagonistic influences of progestogens. In a recent understanding, above theoretical grounds for hormone dependency and responsiveness of endometrial malignant lesions has been substantiated by data provided by steroid receptor determination. The high estrogen and progesterone receptor concentrations found in 70% of endometrial adenocarcinoma support the principle that endometrial adenocarcinoma is related to abnormal estrogenic stimulation. Those cancer are used as a model for in vitro and clinical evaluation of progestogen therapy.
All the estimated nutrition effects in general, dialysis treatment and personal levels.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Nutrition effect magnitudes from nutrients and other modeled features (<i>j</i> = 1, …, 22) to blood concentrations (<i>i</i> = 1, …, 3) for analyzed patients (<i>p</i> = 1, …, 37) in all three additive levels of the model. General effects () are shown to vary between patients in home hemodialysis, hospital hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis. The first column of each dialysis type (avg) shows the typical effect of the treatment () that can further vary personally. Minimum and maximum of these personal effects are shown within each treatment (). The table is sorted in decreasing order of between-treatment variation () and all the estimates include their 90%-credible intervals.</p> <p>(PDF)</p>
Molecular weight distribution and mechanical behavior of PBI fibers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Two different polybenzimidazole (PBI) samples have been investigated in order to correlate the differences in molecular weight distribution (MWD) with changes in the elastic modulus and strength of undrawn and drawn fibers. It has been found that within the weight‐average molecular weight range (7,000 ≤ M w ≤ 13,000) there was no obvious correlation with M w and M n . However, one sample had a narrow unimodal molecular weight distribution and the other a wide bimodal molecular weight distribution. The small percentage of high molecular weight present in the latter sample gave its fibers better mechanical properties. X‐ray diffraction studies showed that the orientation in both drawn fiber samples was equal. This isolated the effects of the molecular weight distribution on mechanical properties.
The Biological Significance of Morphological Characters in Marchantiales (Hepaticae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Some morphological characters further biological functions in the Marchantiales but do not appear to be essential for survival, reproduction and dispersal. Some others, seemingly disadvantageous, do not prevent the continued existence of these plants. Adaptation to ecological niches is principally linked to biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell content that are not expressed in morphology. Our definition of biological significance will be the role of morphological characters in the various manifestations of life of an individual and its responses to the environment, thus including all phenomena that permit life in normal conditions, and survival when these conditions become difficult. To the morphological characters we assign not only variations in form and dimension of the different elements of the gametophyte and the sporophyte, but also of their structure. The Marchantiales include about thirty morphologically well-defined genera. Only two, Marchantia and Riccia, contain a large number of species, probably a hundred each. At least sixteen genera are monotypic. The others are small, with less than twenty species. The Marchantiales exist on all continents, under all climates, but the species, and to an even greater extent, the individuals, are especially well represented in areas with Med- iterranean or semi-arid climates. In the true Mediterranean, about 85% of the hepatic species belong to this group while about 12% of the local hepaticological flora in temperate Europe, 4-9% in the Arctic and Antarctic, and 2-3% in the humid tropics are Marchan- tiales. In those Mediterranean deserts in which mean annual rainfall reaches only 100-200 mm and in which no other hepatics can subsist, we still found thirteen Marchantialean species. They thus appear particularly well adapted to regions with a long, hot, dry season. The distribution areas of most of the species are restricted or disjunctive. Riccia som- mieri Lev., for instance, seems to be limited to the Mediterranean. Riccia crustata Trab. inhabits this same area but also western Siberia and southeastern Australia-no interme- diate localities are known. Many species are rare: for Exormotheca pustulosa Mitt., six localities are recorded in the Mediterranean area, including only one in France, there limited to less than a square meter. However, some cosmopolitan species found in many disrupted habitats exist among the Marchantiales, for instance, Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dum. and Marchantia polymorpha L., but they are exceptions.
Composite sol-gel alumina ceramic/siloxane coatings

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis relates to the novel, relatively low temperature process (160-300°C) for preparation of chemically bonded composite sol-gel (CB-CSG) coatings. This "warm" temperature process (160-300°C) overcomes some drawbacks of the conventional composite sol-gel process, in particular minimization of stresses due to differential thermal expansion coefficient between the coating and the substrate. The biggest contribution o f this research involves use of siloxane bond coat between the CBCSG coating and the mild steel substrate, which relaxes residual stress in the coating, as well as protects the substrate from damage (corrosion) during the chemical bonding process. A method of multi-gun spraying to uniformly distribute the phosphates throughout the coating during the chemical bonding process is also an original contribution of this Thesis. The resulting coatings are free of surface cracks, have medium hardness (6.0GPa), moderate adhesion (42.0MPa) and good scratch resistance (17.0kgf). Electrochemical analysis shows that the multi-layer coating composed of the siloxane bond coat and the CB-CSG "top coat" forms a physical barrier against wet corrosion.