jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Student Assessment in Indian Education or What Is a Roach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

American Indian students generally have not done well on traditional standardized tests. Such tests have been criticized because their ability to predict academic success is questionable, and they correlate with socioeconomic class, reward superficial learning, encourage classroom practices that fail to provide high-quality education, and are culture and gender biased. In contrast, authentic or performance-based assessment allows students to construct, rather than select, responses. An ongoing assessment based on observations of student behavior on tasks, performance-based assessment evaluates the learning of critical thinking skills, demonstration of applied knowledge, and performance of tasks in the real world. American Indians have historically used performance-based assessment, and the adoption of this method may provide the first fair indication of what Indian children know and can do. New performance-based methods of assessing student learning are being developed, and all schools receiving Title I funds are required to have performance-based assessment systems in place by the 2000-2001 school year. The Bureau of Indian Affairs has adopted the Learning Record, developed in Great Britain and adapted for use in California, as the performance-based assessment system to be phased in over 3 years. Although performance-based assessment has great potential for American Indian education, Indian educators can also improve assessment by promoting the inclusion of oratory skills to balance reading skills, by ensuring culturally relevant curriculum, and by factoring in students' language and experience when judging their abilities. Contains endnotes and a bibliography. (TD) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATfONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) or This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 11 J 1
Examining Ensemble Requirements for Music Education Majors

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

To better understand existing ensemble requirements for music education majors at U.S. institutions, we conducted a content analysis of ensemble requirements for 1,021 degree programs at 465 colleges and universities accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music (NASM). The mean number of ensemble credits required for each degree program was 7.25 ( SD = 2.89), and the mean number of semester enrollments required was 7.86 ( SD = 1.95). There were significant differences between degree types (e.g., instrumental-focused, choral-focused) in terms of total ensemble credits required and number and kind of subrequirements (e.g., chamber or small ensemble). A majority of programs did not contain specific subrequirements beyond traditional large ensembles, suggesting that many students may not undertake the varied complement of ensemble experiences called for in the NASM standards. By continuing to diversify ensemble offerings and encouraging or requiring students in all degree specializations to develop their musicianship through a variety of ensemble experiences, music programs may be able to make valuable ensemble experiences even more beneficial for undergraduate music education students.
Tubal Sterilization — Safe and Effective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eleven million U.S. women rely on tubal sterilization to prevent pregnancy.1 Although the annual number of women undergoing sterilization (approximately 700,000) remains stable, the techniques, timing, and setting of the surgery have changed.2 In the early 1970s, the usual sterilization procedure was partial salpingectomy with the use of laparotomy, and it was usually performed after delivery. Subsequently, nonpuerperal sterilization with a laparoscopic approach became as common as the postpartum open procedures, and now nearly all nonpuerperal, or interval, sterilizations are performed as outpatient procedures.3 Only postpartum procedures are still performed in the hospital.The mortality rates associated with sterilization in . . .
Data_Sheet_1_Strong Influence of Baseline Respiration in an Oligotrophic Coastal Ecosystem.xlsx

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Respiration is a key metabolic process in the marine environment and contemporary phytoplankton production (PhP) is commonly assumed the main driver. However, respiration in the absence of contemporary PhP, termed baseline respiration, can influence the energetics of an ecosystem and its sensitivity to hypoxia. Direct studies of baseline respiration are currently lacking. This study aims to obtain a first estimate of baseline respiration in a sub-arctic estuary and determine its contribution to plankton community respiration. Three approaches used to define baseline respiration determined the average rate to be 4.1 ± 0.1 (SE) mmol O<sub>2</sub> m<sup>–3</sup> d<sup>–1</sup>. A hypsographic model at the basin scale accounting for seasonal variation estimated an annual contribution of 30% baseline respiration to planktonic respiration. There was no correlation between plankton respiration and PhP, but a significant linear dependence was found with the total carbon supply from phytoplankton and riverine input. The sum of dissolved organic carbon transported by rivers, provided by both benthic and pelagic algae, could sustain 69% of the annual plankton respiration, of which as much as 25% occurred during winter. However, only 32% of the winter season respiration was explained, indicating that unknown carbon sources exist during the winter. Nitrification had a negligible (≤2.4%) effect on baseline respiration in the system. The results show that baseline respiration accounted for a significant percentage of coastal plankton respiration when allochthonous sources dominated the carbon supply, weakening the respiration-to- PhP relationship.</p>
Nocardicin A: stereochemical and biomimetic studies of monocyclic β-lactam formation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNocardicin A: stereochemical and biomimetic studies of monocyclic β-lactam formationCraig A. Townsend, Alethia M. Brown, and Loan T. NguyenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 4, 919–927Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00342a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00342a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views374Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gene Expression Profiling in Human Acute Ischemic Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Gene expression profiling of human acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has the potential to identify a diagnostic panel for differential diagnosis of AIS early in the treatment phase. Purpose: The objective of this dissertation was to identify peripheral blood biomarkers that could be further explored for use in differential diagnosis of AIS and the design of stroke therapeutics.Methods: A prospective gene expression profiling study of 39 patients and 25 healthy controls was conducted. Peripheral blood samples were collected in Paxgene Blood RNA tubes from patients who were ≥18 years of age with MRI diagnosed AIS after differential diagnosis and controls who were Non-stroke neurologically healthy. In stroke patients, blood was redrawn 24 hours following onset of symptoms to determine changes in gene expression profiles over time. RNA was hybridized to Illumina humanRef-8v2 bead chips. Validation was performed using Taqman Gene expression polymerase chain reaction on significant targets. Results: A nine gene profile has been identified for AIS. Five of these nine genes were identified in the previously published whole blood gene expression profiling study of stroke and therefore play a likely role in the response to AIS in humans. One of these nine genes (s100A12) was significantly associated with increasing age and therefore may be non-specific for stroke. Three genes were identified as the whole blood expression profile change over time (LY96, IL8, and SDPR). Pathway analysis revealed a robust innate immune response, with toll like receptor (TLR) signaling as a highly significant pathway present in the peripheral whole blood of AIS patients.Conclusion: The findings of this study support the claim that gene expression profiling of peripheral whole blood can be used to identify diagnostic markers of AIS. A plausible case for innate immunity through the activation of TLR4 as a mediator of response to AIS has been made from the results of this study. This study and those conducted by Moore et al (2005) and Tang et al (2006) provide the foundation of data that support the use of peripheral whole blood for future blood profiling studies of neurological disease; which significantly opens the door of opportunity.
1G2A IMU\GPS Integration Algorithm for Land Vehicle Navigation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A general decline in the cost, size, and power requirements of electronics is accelerating the adoption of integrated GPS/INS technologies in consumer applications such Land Vehicle Navigation. Researchers are looking for ways to eliminate additional components from product designs. One possibility is to drop one or more of the relatively expensive gyroscopes from microelectromechanical system (MEMS) versions of inertial measurement units (IMUs). For land vehicular use, the most important gyroscope is the vertical gyro that senses the heading of the vehicle and two horizontal accelerometers for determining the velocity of the vehicle. This paper presents a simplified integration algorithm for strap down (ParIMU)\GPS combination, with data post processing for the determination of 2-D components of position (trajectory), velocity and heading. In the present approach we have neglected earth rotation and gravity variations, because of the poor gyroscope sensitivities of the low-cost IMU and because of the relatively small area of the trajectory.
EFFECT OF DANTROLENE SODIUM ON PORK QUALITY FROM PIGS STUNNED BY CAPTIVE-BOLT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Three groups, each consisting of six crossbred pigs weighing approximately 100 kg, were used to determine the effects of three preslaughter stunning methods on certain quality characteristics of the longissimus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris muscles. The three methods of stunning were captive-bolt, electric shock and oral dantrium (dantrolene sodium, a muscle relaxant) followed by captive-bolt. The three muscles were significantly different to each other in some of the quality traits, but the responses to treatments were similar in the three muscles. Without dantrium, captive-bolt stunning resulted in reduced muscle pH at 45 min postmortem and a greater water exudation in muscles at either 1 h or 24 h postmortem compared to electrically stunned pigs. Dantrium treatment followed by captive-bolt stunning eliminated these differences. Key words: Pigs, PSE, stunning, muscle relaxant, dantrolene
Impact of Carbapenemase Mechanism on the Clinical Detection of Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Production of β-lactamases by multidrug-resistant bacteria is one of the most common mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. A subclass of β-lactamases called carbapenemases threaten the clinical viability of carbapenems, a group of antibiotics used as last-resort therapeutics. Rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing bacteria is critical when determining the appropriate therapeutic to treat an infection. Serine β-lactamases with carbapenemase activity employ a two- step mechanism that involves the formation of an acyl-enzyme intermediate, which then gets hydrolyzed by a nucleophilic water molecule, ultimately rendering the antibiotic inactive. As carbapenem hydrolysis results in a decrease in pH, many current detection approaches use colorimetric pH indicators to monitor carbapenem degradation. However, although carbapenem- hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs) are becoming of increasing clinical significance, they are substantially more difficult to detect through pH assays when compared to other carbapenemases. \nWe recently found that CHDLs can degrade carbapenems through an alternative mechanism involving the formation of carbapenem-derived β-lactones We hypothesize that this mechanism impacts the clinical detection of bacteria that produce these enzymes. To investigate whether lactone formation impacts the detection of CHDL-producing bacteria, we adapted a clinically used pH assay. In combination with NMR spectroscopic studies, our assay results indicate that carbapenem degradation through β-lactone formation results in a smaller change in pH than hydrolysis. In addition, we have shown that conservative substitutions in the active sites of CHDLs have a dramatic impact on the relative levels of β-lactone and hydrolysis products formed. The V120L variant of the CHDL OXA-48 catalyzes carbapenem degradation almost exclusively through lactone formation, with little impact on pH; notably, this enzyme has been identified in a clinical context. As our results demonstrated that clinically used pH assays have significant limitations in detecting CHDLs, we have also been exploring alternatives like surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Our results reveal that CHDL-producing bacteria are likely missed by current pH-based detection strategies due to the mechanism by which the CHDLs degrade carbapenems.
Built environment correlates of physical activity in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<div><p>Insufficient physical activity (PA) is the fourth major risk factor for many non-communicable diseases and premature mortality worldwide. Features of the built environment (BE) play a considerable role in determining population PA behaviors. The majority of evidence for PA-BE relationships comes from high-income countries and may not be generalizable to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aim to systematically review the literature and assess the associations between perceived and/or objective BE characteristics and PA domains in LMICs. This review adopted a systematic search strategy for English language articles published between January 2000 and June 2019 from four electronic databases—Medline, Embase, Web of Science and PubMed—adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies addressing the associations between self-reported and/or objective BE and PA were only included if they were conducted in LMICs, according to the World Bank classification list. Articles investigating PA-BE relationships across any age groups were included, and all study designs were eligible, except for qualitative studies and reviews. Thirty-three studies were included for evidence synthesis. Cross-sectional studies were the most prevailing study design (97%), revealing a notable gap in longitudinal PA-BE research in LMICs. A majority of the BE factors were not associated with different PA domains while others (e.g., density, proximity to services, aesthetics) exhibited an inconsistent association. Land-use mix diversity was positively associated with transport PA and the presence of recreation facilities resulted in an increase in PA during leisure-time. Increased safety from crime at night consistently increased total PA and walking levels. Research exploring the associations between BE attributes and PA behaviors in LMICs appears to be limited and is primarily cross-sectional. Longitudinal research studies with objective measures are needed for inferring well-grounded PA-BE causal relationships and informing the design of evidence-based environmental interventions for increasing PA levels in LMICs.</p></div>
Drive Control System for Pipeline Crawl Robot Based on CAN Bus

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Drive control system plays important roles in pipeline robot. In order to inspect the flaw and corrosion of seabed crude oil pipeline, an original mobile pipeline robot with crawler drive unit, power and monitor unit, central control unit, and ultrasonic wave inspection device is developed. The CAN bus connects these different function units and presents a reliable information channel. Considering the limited space, a compact hardware system is designed based on an ARM processor with two CAN controllers. With made-to-order CAN protocol for the crawl robot, an intelligent drive control system is developed. The implementation of the crawl robot demonstrates that the presented drive control scheme can meet the motion control requirements of the underwater pipeline crawl robot.
A Proposed Framework for Accreditation of Online Continuing Medical Education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Continuing medical education tends to be considered compulsory in most countries although it is described by the Union of Euro pean Medical Specialists as an ethical duty. Accreditation of CME and allocation of credits is not yet mandatory in the EU but it is important for providers of educational activities to meet certain quality criteria so as to be prepared for future requirements. Many software platforms and learning management systems (LMS) can be used to support Web-based courses for online CME. Certain standards like SCORM, define the set of specifications that enables cross-system workflows. Updates and extensions of SCORM specifications enable further enhancements. The current research proposes a framework for the accreditation of online CME courses through the enhancement of the SCORM model and the use of metadata, using a SCORM-compliant open source LMS platform, namely, moodle. The model assumes the definition of learning objects and learning outcomes for a specific target audience of the course and the design of an instructional module incorporating several types of learning material.
Working Memory and Spoken Language Comprehension in Young Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study has two theoretical dimensions: (a) to explore which components of Baddeley's (1986) working memory model are associated with children's spoken language comprehension, and (b) to compare the extent to which measures of the components of this fractionated model and an index of a unitary model (listening span) are able to predict individual differences in spoken language comprehension. Correlational analyses revealed that within a group of 66 4– and 5‐year‐old children both listening span and phonological memory, but not visuospatial memory, were associated with vocabulary knowledge and spoken language comprehension. However, of the proposed measures of central executive function—dual task coordination, sustained attention, verbal fluency—only the latter was related to children's ability to understand spoken language. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that variance in vocabulary knowledge was best explained by phonological memory skills, whereas individual differences in spoken language comprehension exhibited unique and independent associations with verbal fluency.
Chronic Granulomatous Disease and the Kell Blood Groups

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

S ummary . Fifteen antigenic determinants are known to be related to the Kell blood group. Some boys with X‐linked chronic granulomatous disease have the very rare McLeod or K 0 phenotype on their red cells. Serological studies of the McLeod type suggest that the weak Kell antigens that are present differ qualitatively and quantitatively from those on red cells of common Kell type. A new antigen, Kx, has been characterized and shown to be present on red cells and neutrophil leucocytes. Lack of red‐cell Kx is associated with the McLeod phenotype, lack of leucocyte Kx is associated with chronic granulomatous disease.
Terahertz ultrathin film thickness sensor below λ/90 based on metamaterial

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The film thickness sensing based on metamaterial is investigated in the terahertz (THz) region. We fabricated the metamaterial sensor, and demonstrated its resonance by using the THz time-domain spectroscopy system. The results show that the resonant dip redshifts as the film thickness increases, which achieves reliable film sensing in the THz band. Its sensitivity is larger than 9.4 GHz/μm with a film thinner than λ/90. Meanwhile, the sensing mechanism is revealed by the simulation of near-field resonance distribution, which shows that the resonant intensity is stronger when the field is closer to the interface between the metamaterial surface and polyvinyl alcohol film. Therefore, the nonlinear type of the sensing sensitivity in our experiment can be well explained, and a higher sensitive sensing can be obtained when the film thickness is smaller. This simple and flexible method can realize the ultrathin film sensing in the THz region, and has application potential in the real-time monitoring of sample quality.