jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Edition and visual culture: Brás Cubas and its multiple incarnations

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article has as an exemplary object the book of Machado de Assis
Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas, published in different editions, to problematize the relations between texts and the materiality of the media that they are published. Evaluates the role of design as a praxis of editorial mediation, having in sight the scope of visual studies and reading practices. It is a theorical reflexion that has a foundation on bibliographical research and that appropriates reproductions of pages from different editions as visual arguments articulated with the debated topics. Also presents data about the ways of reading/access to the text obtained as a mean of questionary and interviews.
Effect of Surfactant-Coated Charcoal Amendment on the Composting Process and Nutrient Retention

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This research investigates the quality changes during composting of bagasse and pig manure amended with 30% of surfactant-coated charcoal (SC). Two treatments, 30% uncoated charcoal (UC) amendment and no charcoal (NC) amendment, were done as control. Charcoal was coated with 0.37 mM tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDMA), a cationic surfactant, at the dosage of 10 g/L. At the end of the composting period, the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio of SC amendment was 9.7; whereas, the C/N ratios of UC and NC amendment were 12.6 and 21.4, respectively. Plant nutrients contents of the compost produced from SC amendment were 20.7 mg NH4+-N/g, 42.8 mg NO3−-N/g, and 41.7 mg P/g. High nitrate and phosphate concentrations in SC amendment were due to the adsorption of these anions on the positive charge of TDMA. Desorption of plant nutrients retained in the compost pellets was also investigated. It was predicted that nitrate was fully desorbed from a pellet at 23 days for SC amendment, which was later than UC (14 days) and NC (10 days) amendment. A slow release of nitrate from the compost pellet will reduce the nitrate leaching into the environment. Thus, the adding of SC in the compost pile is one of the alternative methods to improve the quality of compost and plant nutrient retention.
The 2015 Chinese Food Safety Law and market quality

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Safety standards, including food safety laws, provide necessary infrastructure to improve market quality. The present study investigates the impact of the revised Chinese Food Safety Law on the quality of China's food market. Using an event study approach, we empirically analyse the impact of nine official news events relating to the new Food Safety Law on the stock prices of companies engaged in food‐related businesses. The study demonstrates that three news events have a statistically significant and robust impact, and that all the events have a negative influence on the prices. The results show the possibility of a drop in market quality in the short term in the process of improving quality.
State Power and the Formation of Subjects as Re/Production of the Nation: Jewish Israeli Women and the Israeli Military Identity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Jewish Israeli Women Soldiers in the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) are marked as the feminine "other" and work to reify the institution's power in Israeli nation-making. As subjects of the militarized Israeli state, women operate as legitimizers of Israel's masculinist authority. They soften the aggressive actions of the IDF through their demarcation in the feminine category, but they are also capable of furthering Israel's arguments regarding its egalitarian modernity through narratives of female "empowerment." As the subjugated "other" within ideas of Jewish Israeli national belonging, Jewish Israeli women soldiers operate for the means of the state's re/production of the nation and therefore of the state's power.
Raising Education Achievement and Breaking the Cycle of Inequality in the United Kingdom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Globalisation, together with skill-biased technical change, is changing the composition of jobs in advanced economies and raising the level of skills required to do them. This has increased the importance of educating a large proportion of the population to much higher standards than in the past. The government in the United Kingdom has responded to this challenge by raising education spending and expanding the capacity of the education system in key areas such as pre-primary education and increasing participation in education beyond the age of 16. Nevertheless, performance on international tests of cognitive ability remains significantly below the standards of the best performing OECD countries and the education system seems to be particularly poor at ensuring good performance of pupils in the middle to bottom half of the education performance distribution. A renewed sense of urgency, together with some new approaches, is required to address the United Kingdom’s relative underperformance in literacy and numeracy. This paper proposes a number of avenues for encouraging a higher level of educational attainment, without significant further increases in expenditure.
Pathology in Fields Collateral to Tissue Culture<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pathology in Fields Collateral to Tissue Culture Get access Harry S. N. Greene Harry S. N. Greene Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 19, Issue 4, October 1957, Pages 711–733, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/19.4.711 Published: 01 October 1957 Article history Received: 28 May 1957 Published: 01 October 1957
Shortfall-Based Wasserstein Distributionally Robust Optimization

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we study a distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problem with affine decision rules. In particular, we construct an ambiguity set based on a new family of Wasserstein metrics, shortfall–Wasserstein metrics, which apply normalized utility-based shortfall risk measures to summarize the transportation cost random variables. In this paper, we demonstrate that the multi-dimensional shortfall–Wasserstein ball can be affinely projected onto a one-dimensional one. A noteworthy result of this reformulation is that our program benefits from finite sample guarantee without a dependence on the dimension of the nominal distribution. This distributionally robust optimization problem also has computational tractability, and we provide a dual formulation and verify the strong duality that enables a direct and concise reformulation of this problem. Our results offer a new DRO framework that can be applied in numerous contexts such as regression and portfolio optimization.
A new configuration in a prosthetic knee using of hybrid concept of an MR brake with a T-shaped drum incorporating an arc form surface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper focuses on developing a new configuration on magnetorheological (MR) brake damper as prosthetic knee. Prosthetic knee uses magnetic fields to vary the viscosity of the MR fluid, and thereby its flexion resistance. Exerted transmissibility torque of the knee greatly depends on the magnetic field intensity in the MR fluid. In this study a rotary damper using MR fluid is addressed in which a single rotary disc will act as a brake while MR fluid is activated by magnetic field in different walking gait. The main objective of this study is to investigate a prosthetic knee with one activating rotary disc to accomplish necessary braking torque in walking gait via T-shaped drum with arc surface boundary and implementing of Newton's equation of motion to derive generated torque at the inner surface of the rotary drum. For this purpose a novel configuration of a T-shaped drum based on the effects of a material deformation process is proposed. In this new design, the T-shaped disc will increase the effective areas of influences in between drum and MR fluid together and the arc wall crushes the particles chains (fibrils) of the MR fluid together instead of breaking them via strain in a conventional MR brake. To verify the proposed MR brake, results of the proposed and conventional MR brakes are compared together and demonstrated that the resisting torque of the proposed MR brake is almost two times greater than that of the conventional brake.
SERUM GONADOTROPHIN IN WELSH AND SHETLAND PONIES

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Cole [1938] observed that the concentration of gonadotrophin in the serum of mares during pregnancy was greater in small breeds than in large breeds; the maximum concentration in Welsh ponies was stated to be about four times that in draught breeds. In an earlier publication we [Day & Rowlands, 1940] recorded the time and rate of appearance of gonadotrophin in six Welsh ponies, a New Forest pony, and a Shetland pony. The maximum concentrations obtained were 43–186 i.u./ml. in the Welsh ponies and 84 and 344 i.u./ml. in the New Forest and Shetland ponies. No attempt was made to deal with individual or breed variation in the potency of the sera. A considerable body of new information has accumulated in the past five years from two series of collections of serum gonadotrophin. One was made from a large number of Welsh ponies in Radnorshire and the other was made annually
Identification of missense MAB21L1 variants in microphthalmia and aniridia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Microphthalmia, coloboma, and aniridia are congenital ocular phenotypes with a strong genetic component but often unknown cause. We present a likely causative novel variant in MAB21L1, c.152G>T p.(Arg51Leu), in two family members with microphthalmia and aniridia, as well as novel or rare compound heterozygous variants of uncertain significance, c.184C>T p.(Arg62Cys)/c.-68T>C, and c.658G>C p.(Gly220Arg)/c.*529A>G, in two additional probands with microphthalmia, coloboma and/or cataracts. All variants were predicted as damaging by in silico programs. In vitro studies of coding variants revealed normal subcellular localization but variable stability for the corresponding mutant proteins. In vivo complementation assays using the zebrafish mab21l2 Q48Sfs*5 loss-of-function line demonstrated that though overexpression of wild-type MAB21L1 messenger RNA (mRNA) compensated for the loss of mab21l2, none of the coding variant mRNAs produced a statistically significant rescue, with p.(Arg51Leu) showing the highest degree of functional deficiency. Dominant variants in a close homolog of MAB21L1, MAB21L2, have been associated with microphthalmia and/or coloboma and repeatedly involved the same Arg51 residue, further supporting its pathogenicity. The possible role of p.(Arg62Cys) and p.(Gly220Arg) in microphthalmia is similarly supported by the observed functional defects, with or without an additional impact from noncoding MAB21L1 variants identified in each patient. This study suggests a broader spectrum of MAB21L1-associated disease.
Solving Medical Mysteries: Hidden Stresses and Unexplained Symptoms

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Bodily distress syndrome (medically unexplained symptoms and chronic functional syndromes in North America) is common, but few healthcare professionals have had formal training about its psychosocial causes. A systematic approach to diagnosis and treatment based on experience with over 7000 of these patients is described. Psychotherapists can improve outcomes with assessment for and treatment of current life stresses, the prolonged impact of adversity in childhood and somatic presentations of depression, post-traumatic stress, and anxiety disorders.
Bovine reaginic antibody. I. Rat mast cell degranulation by bovine allergic serum.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A method of utilizing morphological changes in rat mast cells to determine reaginic antibody activity in bovine serum is described. This technique, which has been shown to be useful for the diagnosis of allergies in man, relies on the ability of antigen to degranulate mast cells sensitized with allergic serum. Experiments with radioactively-labelled allergic bovine globulin indicated the specificity of the binding of such proteins to rat mast cells. Cross-reaction between reaginic bovine antibody and human IgE was shown by a binding assay involving the uptake of 125I-labelled anti-human IgE globulin by mast cells incubated with bovine passive cutaneous anaphylaxis positive globulin.
Growth of metal-metal oxide nanostructures on freestanding graphene paper for flexible biosensors.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Flexible biosensors are of considerable current interest for the development of portable point-of-care medical products, minimally-invasive implantable devices, and compact diagnostic platforms. We report a new type of flexible electrochemical sensors fabricated by depositing high-density Pt nanoparticles on freestanding reduced graphene oxide paper (rGOP) carrying MnO2 nanowire networks. The triple-component design offers new possibilities to integrate the mechanical and electrical properties of rGOP, the large surface area of MnO2 networks, and the catalytic activity of well-dispersed and small-sized Pt nanoparticles prepared via ultrasonic-electrodeposition. The sensitivity and selectivity that the flexible electrode demonstrated for nonenzymatic detection of H2O2 has enabled its use for monitoring H2O2 secretion by live cells. We envision our strategy of structurally integrating of metal, metal oxide, and graphene paper would provide new insights on designing flexible electrodes for a wide range of applications in biosensing, bioelectronics, and lab-on-a-chip devices.
Four Ways of “Biologicizing” Ethics ( 1993)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In 1975, E. O. Wilson invited his readers to consider “the possibility that the time has come for ethics to be removed temporarily from the hands of the philosophers and biologicized.” There should be no doubting Wilson’s seriousness of purpose. His writings from 1975 to the present demonstrate his conviction that nonscientific, humanistic approaches to moral questions are indecisive and uninformed, that these questions are too important for scholars to neglect, and that biology, particularly the branches of evolutionary theory and neuroscience that Wilson hopes to bring under a sociobiological umbrella, can provide much-needed guidance. Nevertheless, I believe that Wilson’s discussions of ethics, those that he has ventured alone and those undertaken in collaboration first with the mathematical physicist Charles Lumsden and later with the philosopher Michael Ruse, are deeply confused through failure to distinguish a number of quite different projects. My aim in this chapter is to separate those projects, showing how Wilson and his co-workers slide from uncontroversial truisms to provocative falsehoods.
Lower Eyelid Position Changes Following Müller’s Muscle-Conjunctival Resection Blepharoptosis Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Asymmetry of the lower eyelids and a lower position of the lower eyelid on the ptotic side are common issues in patients with upper lid ptosis. Understanding the relationship between upper lid ptosis correction and lower eyelid position will facilitate better treatment strategies for ptosis. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the lower eyelid position before and after Müller’s muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) in unilateral myogenic ptosis (MP) and aponeurotic ptosis (AP). Methods This prospective interventional before-and-after study included adults with blepharoptosis. Measurements were taken before and 6 months after the surgery. Results A total of 47 patients were included, with 29 having MP and 18 having AP. The mean [standard deviation] ages were 31.55 [5.30] years and 50.11 [6.45] years, respectively. In the MP group, there was a significant association between baseline margin reflex distance 2 (MRD2) and the severity of ptosis (MRD1) (β = −0.739, P = .004, multivariate regression analysis). After MMCR, significant decreases were observed in MRD2 for both the MP (−0.38 [0.48] mm, P &lt; .001) and AP (−0.39 [0.47] mm, P = .003) groups. The symmetry of MRD2 remained stable at 41.4% in the MP group, while it decreased from 44.4% to 16.7% in the AP group. The baseline MRD2 was the only factor associated with postoperative MRD2 in the MP group. Conclusions Patients with MP and AP often exhibit a lower position of the lower eyelid, which typically elevates after posterior upper lid ptosis surgery. In myogenic cases, the severity of preoperative lower eyelid position correlates with the severity of upper lid ptosis and predicts postoperative elevation of the lower lid. Level of Evidence: 3
Evaluation of the current status in organic agricultural production in Republic of Macedonia and European countries

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Implementation of organic agriculture and development of sustainable agriculture production gives a new lifestyle quality in local communities and country in general. Intensive agriculture is unsustainable and it cannot support production of enough food longtermly because of compromising the basic settings for food \nproduction. The modern agriculture trends involve favorizing of new high yielding varieties produced with high input consumption which is a direct threat for genetic diversity and agriculture. Ingenious genotypes have enormous gene poll of different desirable characteristics, but they are permanently endangered because of \nutilization of commercial varieties. \nIntroduction of organic farming is a hope for survival of endangered and ingenious varieties and genotypes. The positive role of organic farming is foreseen in growing crops in their natural environment which contributes to conservation of existing genetic diversity. Utilization of old varieties and local genotypes \nin organic farming is one of the ways to increase genetic diversity and biodiversity in agricultural system and it gives to the organic farming broader and durable meaning regarding protection of ecosystem and environment. \nEnvironmental conservation and protection are important to the politics of rural development in EU.Following this approach, there is need for implementation of instruments which will create conditions for development of sustainable, highly harmonized agriculture with the principles of environmental protection.
A Study on the Implications of Pradhan Manthri Jan Dhan Yojana on the Growth of Indian Economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

<div><p><em>Indians are transforming from rural India to digital India with so many initiatives by the Central government of our country. The initiatives like Make In India, Jan Dhan Yojana, Swatch Bharat, Demonetization Of Currency are all contributing for the growth of Indian economy. These schemes are to improve the productivity of our country and also for proving a better standard of living for Indians. India is a strong nation with more than 50% of its people is in the working age. With this strength we can achieve success if we work hard with strict rules and regulations. Thus this paper is focusing on the implications of PMJDY scheme in the scenario of developmental aspects across India.</em></p></div>
Coastal Marine Data Crowdsourcing Using the Internet of Floating Things: Improving the Results of a Water Quality Model

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

While the everything as a sensor is a typical data gathering pattern in the Internet of Things (IoT) applications in contexts such as smart cities, smart factories, and precision agriculture, among others, the use of the same technique in the coastal marine environment is still not explored at full potential. Nevertheless, when it comes to maritime scenarios, the application of IoT and networks of distributed sensors and actuators are still limited, even though the development of marine electronics and extreme network technologies are present for decades also in this area. In this paper, we first introduce the concept of the Internet of Floating Things (IoFT), which extends the IoT to the maritime scenario. Next, we present our latest implementation of the DYNAMO (Distributed leisure Yachts sensor Network for Atmosphere and Marine Observations) system, a framework for coastal data collection from sensors and devices deployed in marine equipment. To demonstrate the importance of IoFT data collection in the real-world environmental science context, we consider a scientific workflow for coastal water quality. The selected application focuses on predicting the spatial and temporal pattern of sea pollutants and their possible presence and time of persistence in the proximity of mussel farm areas in the Bay of Pozzuoli in Italy. The pollutants are simple Lagrangian particles, so the ocean dynamics play an important role in the simulation. Our results show that integrating crowdsourced bathymetry data in the workflow numerical model setup improves the accuracy of the final results, allowing for a more detailed spatial distribution pattern of the sea current driving the Lagrangian tracers.
Synergistic activity of JAK2 and BCL-2 inhibition against B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

e22002 Background: Treatment of relapsed/refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remains a challenge particularly in patients who do not respond to traditional chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of fedratinib, a semi selective JAK2 inhibitor and venetoclax, a selective BCL-2 inhibitor, on a model of B-ALL using the human cell line RS4;11 in vitro and in vivo. While select studies have examined the efficacy of these drugs on hematologic disorders as single agents, data is lacking on whether these drugs work optimally as single agents or in combination. Methods: RS4;11 cells were treated with either vehicle (DMSO), single agent fedratinib or venetoclax, or the combination of both inhibitors for 48 and 72 hours. Live/dead discrimination was performed using flow cytometry and a 72-hour MTS assay to assess proliferation. Drug synergy was calculated using CompuSyn software to generate combination index (CI) scores, with a CI score less than 1 reflecting synergy. RS4;11 was then used in a cell line derived xenograft model using NSG mice. Peripheral blood was obtained via retroorbital bleeds on days +10 (engraftment), +21 (treatment start), and +35 (post treatment) to assess B-ALL disease burden. Mice were randomized to one of the following groups: untreated, single agent venetoclax, fedratinib, or combination therapy. Mice were treated for 14 days with 6.25 mg/kg venetoclax IP and 100 mg/kg fedratinib via gavage. Results: In vitro, the combination of 7.5 nM venetoclax and 700 nM fedratinib significantly increased cell death compared to single agent venetoclax (p = 0.0186) and fedratinib (p = 0.0035). Furthermore, the combination significantly decreased leukemia cell proliferation compared to single agent venetoclax (p = 0.0183) and fedratinib (p = < 0.0001). Synergy between venetoclax and fedratinib was seen in combination (CI = 0.40517). In vivo, peripheral blood counts post treatment showed a significant decrease in leukemic burden in combination compared to both single agent venetoclax (p = 0.016770) and fedratinib (p = 0.00002). Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood also showed a significant increase in CD19 MFI expression in samples from mice that received either venetoclax or combination therapy. Conclusions: The combination of fedratinib and venetoclax synergistically combined to treat B-ALL in vitro. The combination also was effective at significantly reducing leukemic disease burden in a cell line derived xenograft model. Finally, the significant increase in CD19 MFI expression post treatment suggests this combination therapy may be useful as a bridge to other CD19 targeted cell therapies.