jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chromosome‐scale assembly and whole‐genome sequencing of 266 giant panda roundworms provide insights into their evolution, adaptation and potential drug targets

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Helminth diseases have long been a threat to the health of humans and animals. Roundworms are important organisms for studying parasitic mechanisms, disease transmission and prevention. The study of parasites in the giant panda is of importance for understanding how roundworms adapt to the host. Here, we report a high‐quality chromosome‐scale genome of Baylisascaris schroederi with a genome size of 253.60 Mb and 19,262 predicted protein‐coding genes. We found that gene families related to epidermal chitin synthesis and environmental information processes in the roundworm genome have expanded significantly. Furthermore, we demonstrated unique genes involved in essential amino acid metabolism in the B. schroederi genome, inferred to be essential for the adaptation to the giant panda‐specific diet. In addition, under different deworming pressures, we found that four resistance‐related genes ( glc ‐ 1 , nrf ‐ 6 , bre ‐ 4 and ced ‐ 7 ) were under strong positive selection in a captive population. Finally, 23 known drug targets and 47 potential drug target proteins were identified. The genome provides a unique reference for inferring the early evolution of roundworms and their adaptation to the host. Population genetic analysis and drug sensitivity prediction provide insights revealing the impact of deworming history on population genetic structure of importance for disease prevention.
Identification of ending containing dopamine and vasopressin in the rat posterior pituitary by a combination of radioautography and immunocytochemistry at the ultrastructural level.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In order to study the morphological relationship between the dopaminergic and the vasopressinergic endings in the rat posterior pituitary, a combination of radioautography and immunocytochemistry techniques was applied to the same ultrathin section of the posterior pituitary. Immunocytochemical localization (peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique) of vasopressin was first applied, followed by the radioautography detection of [3H] dopamine that had been injected 30 and 60 min before fixation. This double labeling technique has established that the dopaminergic endings that contain both dense core vesicles (60-100 nm in diameter) and small clear vesicles are always found in close proximity to vasopressinergic neurosecretory endings, suggesting an interaction between these two systems. This relatively easy approach should be very useful to study the connections between different neurotransmitter systems in the nervous system.
Erratum: Jun dimerization protein 2 is a critical component of the Nrf2/MafK complex regulating the response to ROS homeostasis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Correction to: Cell Death and Disease (2013) 4, e921; doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.448; published online 14 November 2013 Since the publication of this paper, the authors have noticed that there was an error in Figure 2a. The western blotting image was incorrect. The error has now been rectified. The corrected article appears online together with this corrigendum.
Characterization of microstructural evolution and bond formation in cold sprayed aluminum alloy splats and substrates

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Cold spray is an emerging coating process in which feedstock powder particles, accelerated in a gas stream to velocities up to 1200 m/s, are deposited on a substrate to form a coating at temperatures far below the melting point of the powder or the substrate. Although cold spray has been widely studied and even commercialized in the recent decades, the bonding mechanism at the splat-substrate and splat-splat interfaces is still not clearly understood. We conducted extensive electron microscopic studies on splats of Al6061 and Al2024 cold spray-deposited on a T6-Al6061 substrate at a super-critical velocity to characterize the microstructural evolution in the impacting powder particle and the substrate and understand the occurrence of metallurgical bonding at the splat-substrate interface in relation to the structural changes. It was confirmed that metallurgical bonding at the splat-substrate interface is possible only when oxide-free mating occurs between the splat and the substrate. Oxide-free surfaces are created by the sweeping action of localized material flow along the interface that is promoted by rapid dynamic recovery and recrystallization in the materials along the interface. Material flow along the interface occurs more readily toward the splat peripheries than at the polar region of the splat-substrate interface where normal stresses dominate. Improved bonding may be achieved with heat treated (softened) powder particles that would deform more uniformly along the splat-substrate interface. With a feedstock Al6061 powder pre-heat treated (softened) to 69 HV, the range of metallurgical bonding was extended toward the polar region. However, with much harder (142 HV) as-received feedstock Al2024 powder, no metallurgical bonding was observed at the polar or equatorial interface. Nano-scale precipitation observed in the vicinity of the Al6061 splat-Al6061 substrate interface indicates a high excess vacancy concentration during the impact, which could also explain the occurrence of rapid dynamic recovery and recrystallization in the material along the interfacial.--Author's abstract
Multiloculated hydrocephalus of intrauterine-onset: a case report of an unexpected MTHFR A1298C positive test result.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Loculated hydrocephalus is a condition in which discrete fluid-filled compartments form in association with the ventricular system of the brain. Multiloculated hydrocephalus is a subgroup of this entity involving more than one segment of the ventricular system. Abnormal descent of the cerebellar components can cause multiloculated hydrocephalus due to various pathogenesis. However, studies report no more than 10% of correlation between cerebellar herniation and hydrocephalus. We report an infant with MTHFR A1298C homozygosity, who had hydrocephalus of intrauterine-onset. Alterations in the folate metabolism might lead to congenital hydrocephalus and there is growing data on the prothrombotic effects of MTHFR polymorphisms. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no reported case of MTHFR A1298C homozygosity and intrauterine-onset multiloculated hydrocephalus as a co-existence in the literature.
THE MULTI-PHOTON QUANTUM STATITISCAL THEORY OF DRIVEN OPTICAL SYSTEMS (II)——BAD CAVITY CASE

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the multi-photon FPE of driven optical systems are treated for bad cavity case. The semi-classical linear stability analysis are performed. The non-classical effects are discussed, and it is shown that in two-photon case the atom-atom correlation enhances the non-clasical effects. This is in opposite to the single-photon case, and different from the good cavity case. The two-photon spectrum of transmitted light and resonance fluorescense are obtained, where the Rabi frequency Ω∝y2 (y is the incident field).
Energy Expenditures Requirement in Low Coal Mines

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A biomechanical and work physiology study was conducted on low coal miners. The biomechanical analysis consisted of comparing the anthropometric and isometric strength characteristics of miners to other populations; the work physiology portion consisted of identifying demanding tasks via a task analysis, determining energy requirements for demanding tasks, and determining percentage of VO 2 max required for demanding tasks. Miners show increased musculature of those body segments most stressed in their work environment and few differences in strength compared to other groups. Highly demanding tasks identified were roof bolting, timbering, miner and bolter helper, shoveling, stoopwalking, and crawling. Energy expenditure estimates on underground tasks indicate that these tasks fall under the category of heavy work. Miners work up to 66% of their physical work capacity when performing their underground tasks. Work and rest schedules based on predicted endurance times for both male and female miners is discussed, along with biomechanical stresses on the body for certain tasks.
REFLECTIONS IN LEXICOGRAPHY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| November 01 2000 REFLECTIONS IN LEXICOGRAPHY DAVID K. BARNHART DAVID K. BARNHART Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google American Speech (2000) 75 (4): 370–372. https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-75-4-370 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation DAVID K. BARNHART; REFLECTIONS IN LEXICOGRAPHY. American Speech 1 November 2000; 75 (4): 370–372. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-75-4-370 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsAmerican Dialect SocietyAmerican Speech Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. American Dialect Society2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Prospects in Lexicography You do not currently have access to this content.
Distribution of Article Citation Frequency, Citation Skew, and Impact Factor in Otolaryngology Journals

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine the degree of citation skew in otolaryngology journals and how article citation distribution affects their impact factors (IFs). Forty‐one “otorhinolaryngology” journals in the Clarivate Journal Citation Reports database were identified and their article citation data from 2017 to 2020 extracted. Article citation frequency was remarkably similar across most journals, consistent with the narrow distribution of IFs (mean [SD], 1.9 [0.9]). Although the percentage of a journal’s articles cited more than its IF during the IF citation window (mean [SD] of 32.4% [7.9%] of journals’ articles)—reflecting citation skew—was not correlated with IF, the percentage of a journal’s articles that were cited at least once (mean [SD] of 62.5% [15.3%] of articles) was highly correlated (ρ = 0.92, P < .001) with its IF. Although citation skew exists, otolaryngology journals’ overall portfolios of published works—not a small number of highly cited articles causing citation skew—likely predominate their IFs.
A new species ofMiraxonides(Aturidae: Axonopsinae) from Mexico

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A species of Miraxonides belonging to the typical subgenus is described from a spring in Nayarit State, Mexico and extends the known range of the subgenus much farther northward. The other species, M. alatus Lundblad was collected in southern Brazil.
The UK Taxation Treatment of Insurance‐Linked Securities

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the UK taxation treatment of certain insurance-linked securities (ILS) with attention being drawn to how particular insurance risks may be securitised using both UK tax resident and non-UK tax resident vehicles. Despite the potential advantages of securitising insurance risks, significant legal, tax and regulatory barriers have existed historically to using insurance-based structured finance. This chapter considers how the possibility for the establishment of insurance special purpose vehicles (ISPVs) under the European Reinsurance Directive has led directly to UK taxation changes, which contemplate and facilitate insurance-linked securitisation by UK tax resident reinsurance undertakings. Payments by a cedant of reinsurance premiums to a UK ISPV or by a cedant or counterparty to a catastrophe bond issuer should not be subject to any withholding for or on account of income tax.
A Successful Approach to Diagnosing Shiga-like Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli-Induced Colitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a well-known cause of foodborne acute diarrheic diseases, especially in children and the elderly. The potentially fatal complications associated with toxin production range from bloody diarrhea and ischemic colitis to kidney failure, hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS), and colon perforation. Here, we describe a case and literature review of STEC-induced colitis, highlighting the clinical features and the necessary tools for the best diagnostic approach and management. Facing challenging differential diagnosis, ranging from ischemic colitis and inflammatory bowel disease to infectious processes due to a pathogenic or opportunistic agent, we conducted a step-by-step exploration. Following bacteriological investigation, imagistic screening, and colonoscopy, we ruled out some of the initial suppositions and reached a final diagnosis, while also considering the pathological results. Although antibiotics are not indicated in this pathology, our patient did receive antibiotics, given the risk of translocation and colon perforation, without any associated complications such as HUS or peritonitis. Detailed and rigorous investigations conducted by a multi-specialty team are required for prompt medical support. Coping with the symptoms and refraining from further complications are the mainstem aims of treatment.
High-T/sub c/ superconductor and its use in superconducting magnets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Many of the proposed uses for the high-T/sub c/ superconductor involve the creation of a magnetic field using superconducting coils. This report will assess what is known about the high-T/sub c/ superconductors and take a realistic look at their potential use in various kinds of superconducting magnets. Based on what is known about the high-T/sub c/ superconductors, one can make a ''wish list'' of things that will make such materials useful for magnets. Then, the following question is asked. If one had a high-T/sub c/ superconductor with the same properties as modern niobium-titanium superconductor, how would the superconductor work in a magnet environment. Finally, this report will show the potential impact of the ideal high-T/sub c/ superconductor on: 1) accelerator dipole and quadrupole magnets, 2) superconducting magnets for use in space, and 3) superconducting solenoids for magnetic resonance imaging. 78 refs., 11 tabs.
Fast detection technique for voltage unbalance in three-phase power system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the problem of voltage unbalance in the three-phase power systems is examined. A fast detection technique (FDT) is proposed to detect the voltage unbalance precisely and speedily. The well-known detection methods require more than one cycle time to detect the unbalanced voltages, whereas the proposed technique detects the unbalanced situations speedily in a discrete manner. Reducing the time duration required to detect the unbalanced voltages will enhance the dynamic response of the control system used to balance these voltages. The FDT acquires the instantaneous values of the three load voltages, calculates the sum and the space vector for these voltages at each sample, and utilizes these parameters to detect the voltage unbalance accurately within a quarter of the cycle time. A proof-of-concept simulation model for a real power system has been built. The parameters of the aqaba-qatrana-south amman (AQSA) Jordanian power system are considered in the simulation model. Also, several test cases have been conducted to test and validate the capabilities of the proposed technique.
Phenology of Aloysia hatschbachii cultivated in a subtropical region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aloysia hatschbachii is an endangered species that occurs endemically in Paraná and has potential for essential oil production. Expanding research on threatened species could serve as a tool to ensure their conservation, management and reproduction. In this study, we sought to evaluate phenological phases (phenophases) for species Aloysia hatschbachii in the years 2018 and 2019 by conducting monthly checks of a plant population consisting of 5 individuals, identifying the phenological events of budding, mature leaves, flowering, fruiting, leaf senescence and leaf fall, using the percent index of intensity as well as the index of activity in the sampled individuals regarding the occurrence of such phenomena, and then correlating phenological data with meteorological variables. The phenological phases showed synchrony in activity throughout most of the assessed period, but were not always synchronous in intensity. Budding occurred between July and April, and mature leaves were present all year round. The patterns of leaf senescence and leaf fall revealed that the species has nondeciduous characteristics. These phenophases were influenced by relative air humidity. Flowering occurred between November and April, while fruiting lasted from December to May, with the reproductive stage being influenced by air temperature and by incident solar radiation.
U.S. nuclear weapons modernization and the impact on the nuclear nonproliferation regime

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the tensions between United States (US) nuclear force modernization and the global nonproliferation regime, in the context of weakening US arms control/disarmament leadership and an increasingly challenging international security environment. It discusses the role that the US has played in driving the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and regime through its leadership and political will, albeit this has wavered at various intervals since its inception in 1968. The chapter looks at US nuclear modernization and examine the tensions between US modernization programs and the divisions this is producing within the nuclear NPT. In 1975, the 91 states-parties to the NPT met for the treaty's first review conference and agreed to hold future conferences to review the implementation of the treaty every five years. Of course, the amplified declaratory statements and policy releases of the Trump administration appear to have only widened the gap between the United States modernization drive and meeting its obligations under the NPT.
Gas Exchange in the Respiratory Distress Syndromes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This article describes the gas exchange abnormalities occurring in the acute respiratory distress syndrome seen in adults and children and in the respiratory distress syndrome that occurs in neonates. Evidence is presented indicating that the major gas exchange abnormality accounting for the hypoxemia in both conditions is shunt, and that approximately 50% of patients also have lungs regions in which low ventilation‐to‐perfusion ratios contribute to the venous admixture. The various mechanisms by which hypercarbia may develop and by which positive end‐expiratory pressure improves gas exchange are reviewed, as are the effects of vascular tone and airway narrowing. The mechanisms by which surfactant abnormalities occur in the two conditions are described, as are the histological findings that have been associated with shunt and low ventilation‐to‐perfusion. © 2012 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 2:1585‐1617, 2012.
Prevalence of hepatitis B Virus in clinically suspected infectious hepatitis in Meerut, I

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:-Hepatitis B is noteworthy medical issues that may include the late continuation of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study aimed to know the seroprevalence of hepatitis B Virus in Meerut with different clinical conditions. Methods: The studyconducted on 4927 patients in Meerut, India, which was performed in central research center labortory of Microbiology at netaji subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital Between January 2013 to April 2017 The sera were separated and screened for HBsAg byimmune-chromatographic card test then HBsAg positive serum sampleswere tested again for HBsAg using ELISA kit. Positive samples for HBsAgwere tested for HBeAg ELISA kit. Results: In 245 positive cases 118 (48.16 %) were male and 127 (51.84%) were female. The seroprevalence rate of HBV was 4.97% in Meerut, India. Age group21–30 was the highest seroprevalence (7.46%) when compaired to other age group. Of the 245 HBsAg Positive case 55 (1.12%) were HBeAg positive. 20 were male, Highest HBeAg positive male were found in 21- 30age group. Out of 55 HBeAg cases, 35 were female and 92 female were negative for HBeAg, this was stastically significant (P< 0.039) by using Z test. Conclusions: The study uncovered that the seroprevalence of HBV was alarmingly higher in such a populace, which presumably mirrors a high foundation predominance of HBV contaminations ought to be mulled over and Implementation of group based preventive measures and enhanced procedures for safe blood supply may demonstrate valuable to diminish the seroprevalence Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.329-333
PIG-A -- The Target Gene in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A rare disease merits general attention if it is associated with extraordinary clinical manifestations, unusual laboratory findings, or an instructive molecular defect. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) has all three. Its clinical hallmark, black urine on arising from sleep, is graphic testimony to intravascular hemolysis during the night. Even more peculiar is the hemolysis that occurs after blood from a patient with PNH is mixed with acidified serum or ordinary table sugar. The molecular abnormality in PNH, described by Miyata et al. in this issue of the Journal (see pages 249 to 255), not only informs us about this unusual disease . . .
[Psychotropic profile of essential antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, chlorimipramine): comparative study].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Comparative studies of the therapeutic activity of amitriptyline, imipramine, desipramine and chlorimipramine were studied in a group of 185 patients with endogenous depression. After standard 28-day treatment, the best results were obtained while using amitriptyline (improvement rate 67%, the greatest reduction in the Hamilton Depression Scale scored on 28-day of the treatment). The profile and characteristics of antidepressive action of all the drugs taken into consideration are comparable (including slightly more expressed sedative and deliberative effects of amitriptyline). Desinhibitive influence of desipramine and imipramine was not proved. Neither was tachythymoleptic activity of desipramine found. The study does not support the relation between the antidepressive action profile of tricyclic antidepressants and their influence on reuptake of monoamines (norepinephrine and serotonine).
Electromechanical model of an induction machine driven roller conveyor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Customary roller conveyors as a part of intralogistic facilities still show much room for improvement concerning the power consumption and design efficiency. Especially the electric drive is oftentimes oversized. Optimisation regarding an efficient design of the motor requires in-depth information about the coupled system of the drive itself as well as the conveyer-system comprising the rollers, the drive-belt and the conveyed boxes. By applying the Lagrange formalism on the system's energy equations, a system of differential equations is derived and dynamically adjusted with respect to the current operating state.