jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Motivation in action: A process model of L2 motivation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

As part of a long-term project aimed at designing classroom interventions to motivate language learners, we have searched for a motivation model that could serve as a theoretical basis for the methodological applications. We have found that none of the existing models we considered were entirely adequate for our purpose for three reasons: (1) they did not provide a sufficiently comprehensive and detailed summary of all the relevant motivational influences on classroom behaviour; (2) they tended to focus on how and why people choose certain courses of action, while ignoring or playing down the importance of motivational sources of executing goal-directed behaviour; and (3) they did not do justice to the fact that motivation is not static but dynamically evolving and changing in time, making it necessary for motivation constructs to contain a featured temporal axis. Consequently, partly inspired by Heckhausen and Kuhl's 'Action Control Theory', we have developed a new 'Process Model of L2 Motivation', which is intended both to account for the dynamics of motivational change in time and to synthesise many of the most important motivational conceptualisations to date. In this paper we describe the main components of this model, also listing a number of its limitations which need to be resolved in future research.
Anomaly Detection Based Latency-Aware Energy Consumption Optimization For IoT Data-Flow Services

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The continuous data-flow application in the IoT integrates the functions of fog, edge, and cloud computing. Its typical paradigm is the E-Health system. Like other IoT applications, the energy consumption optimization of IoT devices in continuous data-flow applications is a challenging problem. Since the anomalous nodes in the network will cause the increase of energy consumption, it is necessary to make continuous data flows bypass these nodes as much as possible. At present, the existing research work related to the performance of continuous data-flow is often optimized from system architecture design and deployment. In this paper, a mathematical programming method is proposed for the first time to optimize the runtime performance of continuous data flow applications. A lightweight anomaly detection method is proposed to evaluate the reliability of nodes. Then the node reliability is input into the optimization algorithm to estimate the task latency. The latency-aware energy consumption optimization for continuous data-flow is modeled as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. A block coordinate descend-based max-flow algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. Based on the real-life datasets, the numerical simulation is carried out. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy has better performance than the benchmark strategy.
Effects of hydration on the mechanical response of individual collagen fibrils

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Collagen fibrils prepared from bovine Achilles tendon have been mechanically tested through nanoindentation by an atomic force microscope using force volume analysis. In ambient conditions where the fibrils are expected to be dehydrated, the elastic modulus was determined to be 1.9±0.5GPa, while under aqueous fluid, it decreased by three orders of magnitude to 1.2±0.1MPa. In air, fibril fracture occurred along the axis and the crack lengths were quantized to the D-banding periodicity. The apparent hardness of the fibrils was estimated to be in the range of 0.35–0.6GPa.
Meetings between equals

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

At the heart of the medieval peacemaking process stood the face-to-face meeting. Conferences between rulers are frequently mentioned in the sources of the period, yet chroniclers often tell more about where these parleys took place than they do about what was decided. There are various pieces of evidence that indicate that there may have been more conferences held at or near the elm tree. The evidence of the elm tree and the ford of St Remigius clearly shows that meeting places were a statement by medieval princes that those two sites were regarded as forming part of the border at the time of meeting. Bridges are another example of specific sites of conferences that are visible in the landscape, of which there are some well-known and justifiably famous meetings that date from the later medieval period.
Khmu voice register: Acoustic analysis and perceptual experiments

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Khmu has phonological voice registers, i.e., bundles of phonetic properties pertinent to the syllable. Auditory observations claim clear voice and high pitch for register 1 and breathy voice and low pitch for register 2. Although Suai registers were in flux [Abramson et al., Phonetica 61, 147–171 (2004)], it was understood that Khmu Rawk had a stable distinction. Words were recorded by 25 native speakers. Acoustic analysis yielded F0 and overall amplitude contours, frequencies of F1 and F2 in quasi-steady states of the vowels, relative intensities of higher harmonics to that of the first harmonic, and vowel durations. When circumstances caused early attention to perception testing, the words of only eight speakers had been analyzed. Since the only significant factor that had emerged by then was F0 contour, the synthetic stimuli were made with a series of seven contours. The labeling by 32 native speakers yielded two categories, demonstrating the sufficiency of F0 as an acoustic cue. The completed acoustic analysis showed a significant effect of the harmonic ratios for the women, suggesting a conservative bias. The language is shifting toward tonality. Further perception testing must be done for phonation-type effects. [Work supported by NIH and the Thailand Research Fund.]
Government influence on e-government adoption by citizens in Colombia: Empirical evidence in a Latin American context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to identify government influence in the adoption of e-government by citizens (AEC) through a case study analyzing actions in Antioquia, Colombia, to increase AEC in annual vehicle tax filing and payment services. We classified these actions employing institutional theory, institutional interventions, and legitimation strategies. An analysis correlating AEC actions (including the COVID-19 containment measures) with over 16 million transactions in these two services during 2015–2020 found a strong government influence on AEC. We established coercive pressure and conformance to the environment as important predictors of AEC, but the COVID-19 containment measures only influenced electronic tax payments. Service type was also an essential predictor for these services; however, mobilization was not. Increasing AEC should be considered a necessary objective for public administrations, especially in developing countries that face shortages of resources and facilities.
Ovarian metastasis from colorectal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Controversies exist regarding the surgical treatment of the ovaries in women with primary colorectal cancer. A review of the authors' experience and the surgical literature reveals an incidence of ovarian metastases from colorectal cancer of approximately 6 percent. This problem may occur somewhat more frequently in premenopausal women. Resection of the ovaries at the time of colectomy is unlikely to affect survival. Removal of the ovaries at the time of bowel resection will prevent repeat laparotomy to resect an ovarian mass in approximately 2 percent of women with large bowel cancer. Oophorectomy should be performed in all postmenopausal females at the time of primary resection. Oophorectomy should be performed in premenopausal women if any gross abnormality of the ovary is detected or if peritoneal implants are seen at the time of primary resection.
The symptom as metaphor in Lacan's theory of the unconscious.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

An analysis of Freud's forgetting of the name Signorelli provides a framework for an explication of some central concepts in Lacan's theory of the unconscious. The parapraxis is viewed as a symptom which is structured like a metaphor. The creation of a symptom during the process of repression produces a gap in conscious discourse. The analysis of such symptoms provides evidence for Lacan's assertion that the unconscious is structured like a language.
Dependence Structure and Risk Measure*

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Understanding the relationships among multivariate assets would help one greatly about how best to position one's investments and enhance one's financial risk protection. We present a new method to model parametrically the dependence structure of stock index returns through a continuous distribution function, which links an n-dimensional density to its one-dimensional margins. The resulting multivariate model could be used in a wide range of financial applications. Focusing on risk management, we show that a misspecification of the dependence structure introduces, on average, an error in Value-at-Risk estimates.
A New Gelling Agent and Rheology Modifier in Cosmetics: Caesalpinia spinosa Gum

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Caesalpinia spinosa gum is a vegetal polysaccharide obtained by grinding the endosperm of Caesalpinia spinosa seeds. It is commonly used as a rheology modifier in food industry. Its rheological behavior, compatibility with common cosmetic ingredients, and application as a thickener in different types of cosmetic formulations were investigated in this article. At low concentrations (0.1–0.2%) the behavior is Newtonian; at higher percentages (0.5–2.0%) it is pseudoplastic without thixotropy. The gum was tested in combination with salts, chelating agents, humectants, thickeners, pigments, nano UV filters, surfactants, conditioners, and ethanol, as well as in acidic/alkaline conditions. The wide compatibility and the interesting sensory profile, even in association with other thickeners, make the Caesalpinia spinosa gum a very promising ingredient for the thickening of various cosmetic products.
Disease Risks Associated with Increasing Feral Swine Numbers and Distribution in the United States

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Feral hogs or “wild boars” come from several sources and include released or escaped domestic swine and the truly wild European boar. When free-roaming in North America, all are included in the term “feral swine,” as are hybrids of the two types. Although morphologically distinct, both the feral swine and European wild swine are recognized as Sus scrofa. The physical damage caused by feral swine has been well documented and includes damage to vehicles, vineyards, tree plantings, archaeological sites, agricultural crops, turf, soils, rare plant communities, and wildlife habitat (Seward et al. 2004). In addition they compete with livestock and native wildlife for food resources; prey on domestic animals and wildlife; and carry diseases that affect pets, livestock, wildlife and people (Seward et al. 2004). Texas, the state with the largest feral hog population, reports the annual damage to agriculture at $51.8 million (Adams et al. 2005). The total damage caused by feral swine in the United States is estimated to be approximately $800 million annually (Pimentel et al. 2000). This estimate is approximate, and probably conservative, because environmental damage costs attributable to feral swine are not easily quantified nor are the costs of potential disease outbreaks.
Application of Data Mining to Network Intrusion Detection: Classifier Selection Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As network attacks have increased in number and severity over the past few years, intrusion detection system (IDS) is increasingly becoming a critical component to secure the network. Due to large volumes of security audit data as well as complex and dynamic properties of intrusion behaviors, optimizing performance of IDS becomes an important open problem that is receiving more and more attention from the research community. The uncertainty to explore if certain algorithms perform better for certain attack classes constitutes the motivation for the reported herein. In this paper, we evaluate performance of a comprehensive set of classifier algorithms using KDD99 dataset. Based on evaluation results, best algorithms for each attack category is chosen and two classifier algorithm selection models are proposed. The simulation result comparison indicates that noticeable performance improvement and real-time intrusion detection can be achieved as we apply the proposed models to detect different kinds of network attacks.
General Practice—at Home, and Abroad

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

American surgeon and his family on three months' " holiday."Although he worked as hard as the rest of us, he thoroughly enjoyed the change of surroundings and the stimulus of new problems which he found, and he insisted that it was worth every dollar he had spent.When he worked out the cost, he discovered that it was equivalent to the price of a new Cadillac.I doubt if it can always be done for that price, but if we can persuade some British doctors to do likewise their contribution towards meeting Africa's need would be worth incalculably more than the cost of a new Rolls.Those of us working in Africa are constantly aware of the danger of our medicine becoming rusty.This has to be balanced against what we are actually achieving.It seems precious little at times in the chaos of trying to be all things to all patients.These things cannot be measured in academic terms, but short-term working visits by sympathetic doctors from "overdeveloped " countries would do a great deal to revive our drooping spirits and keep alight the flickering academic light.Just to have someone with whom to talk shop means more than will be appreciated by those plagued with a surfeit of medical meetings.-Iam, etc.,
Thermal instability of GaSb surface oxide

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In the development of InAs/GaSb Type-II superlattice (T2SL) infrared photodetectors, the surface leakage current at the mesa sidewall must be suppressed. To achieve this requirement, both the surface treatment and the passivation layer are key technologies. As a starting point to design these processes, we investigated the GaSb oxide in terms of its growth and thermal stability. We found that the formation of GaSb oxide was very different from those of GaAs. Both Ga and Sb are oxidized at the surface of GaSb. In contrast, only Ga is oxidized and As is barely oxidized in the case of GaAs. Interestingly, the GaSb oxide can be formed even in DI water, which results in a very thick oxide film over 40 nm after 120 minutes. To examine the thermal stability, the GaSb native oxide was annealed in a vacuum and analyzed by XPS and Raman spectroscopy. These analyses suggest that SbOx in the GaSb native oxide will be reduced to metallic Sb above 300°C. To directly evaluate the effect of oxide instability on the device performance, a T2SL p-i-n photodetector was fabricated that has a cutoff wavelength of about 4 μm at 80 K. As a result, the surface leakage component was increased by the post annealing at 325°C. On the basis of these results, it is possible to speculate that a part of GaSb oxide on the sidewall surface will be reduced to metallic Sb, which acts as an origin of additional leakage current path.
St. Louis Blues

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: Bessie Smith; Louis Armstrong; Fred Longshaw Writer: Handy Vocal; Original issue: Columbia 14064-D; Recorded Jan. 14, 1925. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.5 mil truncated eliptical, 2.3 mil truncated conical, 2.8 mil truncated conical, 3.3 mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 400.0, Rolloff: -12.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: 21821 Catalog number: 5010-S Other IDs from the record include: (21821)
Secure Two-Way Fiber-Optic Time Transfer Against Sub-ns Asymmetric Delay Attack With Clock Model-Based Detection and Mitigation Scheme

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Two-way fiber-optic time transfer (TWFTT) is a promising precise time synchronization technique with subnanosecond stability. However, the asymmetric delay attack is a severe threat, which can deteriorate the performance of the TWFTT system. In this article, a clock model-based scheme is used to defend the subnanosecond asymmetric delay attack. For the scheme, a security threshold is set according to a two-state clock model, and the estimated frequency difference is excluded from the measured time difference to detect the subnanosecond asymmetric delay attack. Systematic detection and mitigation scheme for asymmetric delay attack is developed in this article. Theoretical simulation and experimental demonstration are implemented to explore the feasibility of the method. A TWFTT system of time stability with 24.5, 3.98, and 2.95 ps at average times of 1, 10, and 100 s is shown under subnanosecond asymmetric time delay attack experimentally for the first time. The proposed method provides a promising secure subnanosecond precise time synchronization technique against asymmetric delay attacks.
The role of cone beam computed tomoraphy (CBCT) for direct sinus lift in atrophic maxillary posterior region: Report of a case

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The role of cone beam computed tomoraphy (CBCT) for direct sinus lift in atrophic maxillary posterior region: Report of a case - IJMI- Print ISSN No: - 2581-382X Online ISSN No:- 2581-3838 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijmi.2019.011, IP International Journal of Maxillofacial Imaging-IP Int J Maxillofac Imaging
Ergonomics of Human Choice

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract More than 100 years ago, Herbert A. Simon wrote the book “The sciences of the artificial” (1916) where he presented Economics as an artificial science. Even though back then the mainstream economics promoted the idea of <homo economicus>, Simon’s perspective of man was as one of an artificial system, characterized by a bounded rationality whose behavior depends on his inner and outer environment. Later, in the 70’s Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky investigated more on the limitation of human rationality and built, based on empirical studies, the maps of bounded rationality. Later, Richard H. Thaler introduced the concept of nudge, as a way to improve people’s choices by using the knowledge about their limited rationality and using it to direct their behavior in the direction in which they would have behaved if they were rational. This articles treats human behavior through the lens of ergonomics, a scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance. We adopt the perspective of the man as an interface between his inner and outer environment and describe how behavioral economics developed a different perspective about human choice in contrast with the one promoted by standard economics.
Integrin αvβ1 Is an Adenovirus Coreceptor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line, commonly used for recombinant adenovirus (Ad) propagation, does not express the Ad coreceptor αvβ3 or αvβ5 integrins, yet these cells are efficiently infected by Ad vectors. Here we demonstrate that Ad binds to HEK293 cells via the fiber receptor CAR and is subsequently internalized via interaction with integrin αvβ1. Function-blocking antibodies directed against αv or β1, but not β3, β5, or α5, integrin subunits block Ad infection and viral endocytosis. Therefore, αvβ1 serves as a coreceptor for Ad infection, and the lack of β3 and/or β5 but the relatively high expression of αvβ1 integrins on certain tumor cell types may explain why these cells are readily transduced by Ad vectors.
Believing is Seeing: Imagining and Imaging the Invisible from a Curator’s Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A discussion is presented of the process of looking into science, particularly microscopy, whilst being concerned with its representation and its public understanding and dissemination in the context of curating exhibitions. Historical examples explored include the studies of the fruit fly, Drosophila, and the works of noted scientists including Mendel, Grew, Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, Baker, Lister and Quekett. How the development of modern equipment and techniques such as scanning electron microscopy led to advances in histology and physiology is examined. The current importance of medical imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and computerized tomography (CT) scanning is discussed. A particular mention is made of the artistic works of Kessler based on electron microscopy.
Some results about the sample path properties of Markov processes with independent self-similar components

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers a special class of operator self-similar processes Markov processes {X(t),t≥0} with independent self-similar components, that is,X(t)=(X 1(t),…,X d(t)), where {X i(t),t≥0},i=1,2,…,d ared independent real valued self-similar Markov processes. By means of Borel-Cantelli lemma, we give two results about asymptotic property ast→∞ of sample paths for two special classes of Markov processes with independent self-similar components.
Heparin versus 0.9% saline solution to maintain patency of totally implanted venous access ports in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim The use of heparin and 0.9% saline solution is always controversial for central venous catheters. However, there is no systematic review or guideline about whether saline solution can replace heparin solution in adult cancer patients with totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs). The purpose of this review is to evaluate whether saline solution can replace heparin saline to lock TIVAPs. Methods The following databases were searched: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL and Ovid (January 1, 1982, and February 21, 2020). All statistical analyses of the meta‐analysis were completed using the Review Manager 5.3. Results A total of 201 studies were identified from these databases after initial review, and four studies met inclusion criteria, including 2652 cases. There was little heterogeneity among the included studies ( I 2 < 30%), and all analyses were conducted by the fixed‐effects model. The total complications, catheter occlusions, catheter‐related bloodstream infections and other complication rates in the heparin solution group were higher than in the saline solution group. In the subgroup analysis of heparin concentration, total complication rates in the saline solution group were higher than with 50 U of heparin and lower than with 100 U of heparin. However, the differences in these complications were small, and no significant difference was observed (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Based on existing clinical studies, we recommend that saline solution can replace 50 or 100 U/ml of heparin as a safe and effective flush solution for TIVAPs.