jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Policy Adoption and the Redefinition of Operating Procedures: Comparison Cases at UMTA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Political scientists often consider the place of standard operating procedures (SOPS) in shaping bureaucratic responsiveness to “top‐down” direction, but our writing only infrequently considers the processes and ease by which bureaucratic routines, decision standards, and SOPS adjust to produce nm outputs. This article explores the change of routines, decision standards, and SOPs from a behavioral perspective to portray bureaucratic behavior and policy as something other than a static function of extant SOPs or a fully and fluidly malleable function of internal preferences and external incentives. In particular, the role of two organizationally “bottom‐up” factors — careerists' policy approval and their policy‐relevant working schema — are explored to suggest how readily “top‐down” preferences for policy translate into pragmatic working arrangements. The empirical basis for the article is a structured set of cases in the Urban Mass Transportation Administration through the latter 1970s and early 1980s.
Use of Thromboelastography with Platelet Mapping to Identify Prothrombotic Coagulation Profiles in Patients with History of Cardiac Intervention Undergoing Lower Extremity Revascularization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Patients with concomitant coronary and peripheral artery disease (CAD and PAD) are at significant risk for major adverse limb events (MALEs). Prevention of thrombosis in this population is of paramount importance. Identifying prothrombotic coagulation profiles in this cohort may facilitate targeted thromboprophylaxis. We compared coagulation profiles of those with CAD and PAD to those with PAD alone during the perioperative period of lower extremity revascularization. STUDY DESIGN: Patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization underwent thromboelastography-platelet mapping (TEG-PM) analysis preoperatively and at serial intervals for up to 6 months. Coagulation profiles of patients with significant CAD (defined as history of coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention) and PAD were compared with those with PAD alone. MALE in the postoperative period was recorded. RESULTS: Four hundred seventy-seven TEG-PM samples from 114 patients were analyzed; 28.1% had a history of significant CAD. The incidence of atrial fibrillation was higher in this group. The significant CAD group had lower ADP-platelet inhibition, higher ADP-platelet aggregation, and greater maximum clot strength compared with patients with PAD alone. Patients with significant CAD were more frequently on full-dose anticoagulation, but less frequently on dual antiplatelet therapy; 28.1% of patients with significant CAD developed postoperative MALE compared with 22.9% of patients with PAD alone (p = 0.40). For both groups, patients who developed postoperative MALE demonstrated greater ADP-platelet aggregation and lower ADP-platelet inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a history of significant CAD undergoing lower extremity revascularization demonstrated prothrombotic TEG-PM profiles, less frequent use of dual antiplatelet therapy, and greater rates of full-dose anticoagulation. Decreased platelet inhibition was also associated with postoperative MALE. This study underscores the potential utility of viscoelastic assays for coagulation profiling in complex cardiovascular patients.
Community participation and staying home if you want:USadults with intellectual and developmental disabilities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Requiring adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities to go on community outings with co‐residents and staff is contrary to community‐living policy's focus on person centredness and choice of activities/companions. Method We analysed 2018‐19 National Core Indicators data from 36 US states concerning 7968 adults living in staffed, non‐family, multi‐client settings. The focus outcome was being able to stay home if you want when others in your home go out. Results The 42.0% of participants who could stay home were more likely to go out with friends, family or alone, and less likely to go out with staff. Those who could stay home participated in a similar variety of community activities and went out more often to shop or for errands. Conclusions Individuals who could stay home likely had more choice about where, when and with whom they went out. Strategies for greater person‐centredness are proposed.
Detection of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin by tissue culture and double-gel diffusion methods

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Culture filtrates of four enterotoxin-producing strains of Clostridium perfringens type A produced morphological changes in cells of 10 of 12 established mammalian cell lines tested, and particularly Vero (African green-monkey kidney) and MDCK (dog kidney) cells. Double-gel diffusion and Vero-cell tests detected enterotoxin in culture filtrates of, respectively, 29 (28%) and 56 (54%) of 103 strains of C. perfringens tested. The feasibility of cell-culture assays for the routine detection of C. perfringens enterotoxin is indicated.
[Opioid dependent patient with two prescribers].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Opioid use has risen again in the past year, partly due to overtaken operations. Some of the patients undergoing surgery already chronically use opioids. A fentanyl dependent patient enters the pharmacy with a oxycodone prescription from the orthopedist. The pharmacist doubts whether the orthopedist has the intention to continue the fentanyl use. The patient does not want the pharmacist to contact the orthopedist or the general practitioner who prescribes the fentanyl. The pharmacist experiences a dilemma with multiple handling options and reflects on them based on the professional values that are under pressure. What is the right action to take? A general practitioner and a medical ethicist reflect on the dilemma. The pharmacist experiences daily dilemmas regarding multiple prescribers for one patient. Prescribers can enhance medication safety by indicating on the prescription that they are aware of current treatments and whether a new medicine is a replacement or an addition to the therapy.
A case of total callosal infarction due to occlusion of a median callosal artery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

正中脳梁動脈閉塞により脳梁全体に梗塞を来たした1例を報告した. 患者は53歳男性, 車を運転中に右片麻痺, 右半身感覚異常と見当識障害で発症した. MRIの拡散強調画像にて, 脳梁全体と左右頭頂葉内側に高信号を認め, T1, T2強調およびFLAIR画像にて, 脳梁膝部前方の動脈内に高信号域を示す血栓が確認された. 2年前のラクナ梗塞発症時に施行したMRAとの比較の結果, 正中脳梁動脈の起始部閉塞と診断した. 経過中, 右片麻痺に加え, 左下肢麻痺や左上肢感覚障害が認められた. また, 右上肢は構成障害や運動失行, 左上肢は観念運動失行, 両上肢には強制把握や拮抗失行が認められた. 自己の手の認識が乏しく, 左手はcallosal+posterior type, 右手はanterior typeの「他人の手徴候」と診断した. 正中脳梁動脈は脳梁梗塞の重要な責任血管の一つであり, 多様な血流分布を示すため, 高次脳機能評価を行い特徴的な神経症状を明確にすることが大切である.
Effect of Dietary Calcium Levels on Production and Reversal of Experimental Osteoporosis in Cats.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Experiments on adult female cats have demonstrated, as measured by roentgenographic appearance, microradio-graphic data, and tetracycline labeling, the influence of dietary levels of calcium on the structure of bone. It is shown that a low-calcium diet will produce osteoporosis in the adult cat and that this can be reversed by a high-calcium diet.
Development of Cotton, Hemp and Silk Blended Curtains for Designer Home Interiors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Background and Objective: Curtains are now used for more than just providing seclusion and blocking light.Nowadays, people use curtains in their residences or places of business to express their personal style or to give the space a little extra flair.More people than ever are interested in interior design and many like employing contemporary colours and ideas to decorate their homes or other unique spaces.Materials and Methods: In this research, cotton-silk blend and hemp-silk blend yarns were used to develop curtain fabric with a blend ratio of (60:40).These six curtain fabrics were made on a rapier jacquard loom with a twill structure.Physical tests have been done in this research work according to the ISO/AATCC standard, like colour fastness to perspiration, colour fastness to dry cleaning, colour fastness to rubbing, light fastness and a tensile strength test.Results: Color fastness when rubbed under both dry and wet conditions differs only slightly between all samples of cotton and silk blend and all hemp and silk blends in this research work.Color fastness to dry cleaning is found to be of good scale grade in all samples of cotton-silk blend textiles when compared to all samples hemp-silk blend fabrics.Overall, color fastness other related tested performance shows slight variation for cotton-silk and hemp-silk blend curtain dyes fabrics.Conclusion: Hemp-silk and cotton-silk blend curtain textiles offer great performance and colour appearance overall.So that curtain fabric can be used more effectively in the field of house interior design.
Virus-induced decrease of insulin receptors in cultured human cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Viral infections may produce abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism in normal subjects and profound changes in glucose homeostasis in insulin-dependent diabetics. Using an in vitro radio-receptor assay with 125I-labeled insulin and human-amnion (WISH) cells, the effect of viral infections on insulin receptors was examined. Both herpes simplex virus and vesicular stomatitis virus produced a 50% decrease in insulin binding. There was no evidence that this decrease was due to degradation of insulin. On quantitative analysis, this decrease in binding was found to be the result of a decrease in receptor concentration with no change in receptor affinity. The decrease in receptors occurred between 4 and 12 h, at the time viral antigens were being inserted into the plasma membrane of infected cells. Because the t 1/2 of insulin receptors in uninfected cells was between 14 and 24 h, the decrease in insulin receptors cannot be explained solely by virus-induced shut-off of macromolecular synthesis. Moreover, viruses such as encephalomyocarditis that do not insert new antigens into the plasma membrane, did not cause changes in the number of insulin receptors. The most likely explanation is that virus-induced changes in the plasma membrane altered or displaced insulin receptors. It is concluded that the insulin receptor assay is a sensitive and quantitative method for studying the effect of viral infections on cell membranes. These data also suggest that abnormalities in glucose metabolism associated with some viral infections may be due, in part, to changes in the concentration of insulin receptors.
Early identification and enhanced assessment of learning disabilities: A review

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Learning disabilities (LD) affect a significant portion of the global population, presenting tremendous emotional, social, and academic challenges. The multifaceted nature of LD necessitates early and objective identification focusing on educational and cognitive factors. This survey systematically reviews pen-paper and technology-based approaches for identifying LD, employing the PRISMA protocol to ensure a comprehensive and rigorous meta-analysis. A total of 3,783 papers were initially identified during the search process, of which 160 articles met the inclusion criteria. The study explores the various aspects of the identification and intervention of LD, intending to reduce long-term impacts. The essential skills required to recognize different types of LD were identified and classified, underscoring the importance of a set of fundamental skills for accurate differentiation. In addition, this research underscores the importance of objective assessments by integrating emerging technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality and artificial intelligence, which improves the precision and efficiency of LD identification. The paper also discusses the critical role of early LD identification and addresses associated challenges. It advocates for a comprehensive approach through interdisciplinary collaboration and systemic reforms, ultimately promoting greater inclusivity and equity in education and society.
A Unique Framework in BaGa2Sb2:  A New Zintl Phase with Large Tunnels

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

BaGa2Sb2 was obtained from a direct element combination reaction in a sealed graphite tube at 950 degrees C, and its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62) with a = 25.454(5) A, b = 4.4421(9) A, c = 10.273(6) A, and Z = 8. The anionic [Ga2Sb6/3]2- framework is assembled by the ethane-like dimeric [Sb3Ga-GaSb3] units sharing Sb atoms, forming parallel tunnels with a 26-membered ring cross section. These tunnels are filled with Ba atoms. The three-dimensional [Ga2Sb6/3]2- framework features a new structure type. The compound satisfies the classical Zintl concept. Band structure calculations indicate that the material is a semiconductor, and this is confirmed by spectroscopic experiments which show E(g) approximately 0.35 eV. The calculations also suggest that the structure is stabilized by strong Ga-Ga covalent bonding interactions. Polycrystalline ingots of BaGa2Sb2 show room-temperature electrical conductivity of approximately 65 S/cm and a Seebeck coefficient of +65 muV/K.
Phyto-Fabrication, Structural Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Hybanthus enneaspermus-Assisted Mn-Doped ZnO Nanocomposites

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Green synthesis of nanocomposites offers an eco-friendly and viable solution to overcome the limitations of conventional chemical and physical methods as it uses biological agents to act as reducing and stabilizing agents. The current study’s novelty is phyto-fabricated manganese (Mn)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites using aqueous extract of H. enneaspermus by a biological method. Mn-doped ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized using manganese acetate and zinc acetate. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX analysis. XRD shows the crystalline nature of nanocomposites with particle sizes of 30–40 nm, and FTIR reveals the presence of functional groups responsible for capping and stabilization. SEM analysis indicates spherical morphology with minor aggregation due to phytochemical interactions. EDX analysis of Mn-doped ZnO nanocomposites was used to verify the elemental composition, including Mn, Zn, O, and C. The anti-bacterial property of Mn-doped ZnO nanocomposites was assessed using the agar well-diffusion method against pathogens. The results of the anti-bacterial investigation proved that Mn-doped ZnO nanocomposites inhibit the growth of pathogens at different concentrations. The research concludes that the extract of H. enneaspermus acts as a capping and reducing agent in the synthesis process. The process can offer bio-compatible nanocomposites for new drug development against pathogens.
Prishtina-Belgrade Technical Agreement Promotes Political Dialogue but with Delay of its Implementation It Sharpens Ethnic Divisons

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Technical Agreement between Prishtina and Belgrade, brokered by European Union in April 2013, was hailed as a milestone in the process of normalization of relations between the two countries as well as unblocking the path of both Kosovo and Serbia towards European Union. The dialogue held a promise as a vehicle which, in conjunction with bilateral pressure on both sides by EU and a tailored enlargement process, could finally lead to normalization of relations between Kosovo and Serbia. However, most of the deadlines set up in the implementation plan of the Agreement have been stepped over. This delay in implementation combined with the victory of “Serbian List”, Kosovo Serb political party backed heavily by Belgrade Government, in the last general elections in Kosovo, have brought into jeopardy two of the main targets of the Technical agreement as a vehicle to a broader and more important political dialogue between Kosovo and Serbia as well as integration of local Kosovo Serbs into institutions of the state of Kosovo. This paper argues that Germany, United Kingdom and USA need to be more directly engaged in the process to pressure both sides to fulfill what was agreed in April 2013. It is a prevailing belief among many analysts that the only peaceful acceptable outcome depends on full integration of Kosovo Serbs in Kosovo’s state institutions, full normalization of relations between Prishtina and Belgrade, mutual recognition, and rewarding Kosovo by suspending the visa regime for EU countries for citizens of Kosovo. Delay in implementation, loss of pace and interest of EU in this process, is leading to sharpening of ethnic divisions in Kosovo and increasing the numbers of those who oppose dialogue on both sides.
Arthroscopic Filling of Talar Osteochondral Defects With Stem Cell–Rich Collagen Paste

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A novel technique of filling osteochondral defects in the talus is described using a paste of concentrated autologous bone marrow aspirate mixed with particulate collagen/glycosaminoglycan. After arthroscopic debridement and microfracture, the paste is applied under dry arthroscopic conditions with a fibrin glue covering. The paste can also be applied with open arthrotomy. The procedure offers the delivery of stem cells and growth factors to the damaged joint surface with minimal morbidity. Early anecdotal results are good, but longer study will be needed to discern an improvement over basic microfracture techniques.
[Microbiological diagnosis of mycoses]

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

©2002 Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia Apdo. 699, E-48080 Bilbao (Spain) 1130-1406/01/10.00 Euros El diagnostico microbiologico es un paso esencial en el establecimiento de la etiologia de las enfermedades infecciosas y aunque su caracteristica fundamental es la identificacion del agente etiologico, en la actualidad incluye tambien la determinacion de la sensibilidad in vitro a los antimicrobianos y la utilizacion de metodos de tipado que permitan la diferenciacion intraespecifica de los aislamientos. Siempre que sea posible, la identificacion de los aislamientos fungicos debe de realizarse a nivel de especie, ya que esta informacion puede ser muy importante para orientar el tratamiento antifungico hasta que se dispongan de los resultados de sensibilidad in vitro. Un ejemplo de esta necesidad lo tenemos con el genero Scedosporium, donde Scedosporium apiospermun es sensible al miconazol, voriconazol, posaconazol y ravuconazol, mientras que Scedosporium prolificans, una especie muy relacionada, es resistente a la mayoria de los antifungicos [1,2]. En el diagnostico micologico se estan produciendo avances importantes que estan permitiendo un diagnostico mas rapido y eficiente. La velocidad en la obtencion de este diagnostico es un aspecto fundamental en la medicina actual, ya que un diagnostico rapido posibilitara la prescripcion de un tratamiento antifungico especifico que permitira un uso racional de los antifungicos y limitara el desarrollo de resistencias. Aunque todavia no existe un consenso sobre el tema, el tiempo ideal para que el clinico pueda utilizar los datos del diagnostico micologico para guiar el tratamiento antifungico varia segun el tipo de paciente. Asi, en pacientes ambulatorios los resultados diagnosticos se necesitan en tiempo real (menos de 10 min), ya que el paciente dejara la consulta con el tratamiento y no volvera a una nueva consulta hasta dias despues, mientras que en pacientes hospitalizados los resultados diagnosticos seran necesarios lo antes posible, aunque el establecimiento de una terapia empirica permitira disponer de mas tiempo para realizar el diagnostico. Diagnostico en tiempo real
Student community service as a tool for civic education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Student Community Services (SCS) is one of the compulsory subjects for university students in Indonesia. SCS is one form of student dedication to the community. Student seeks to facilitate and motivate communities to implement development in accordance with the knowledge and skill they acquired in the school. The aim of this research is to describe the role of SCS as a tool of civic education. This research is a qualitative study. The data were collected by literature reviews, observations, and in-depth interviews. The analysis of data used an interactive model of Miles and Huberman (1984). SCS aims to: (1) train students in applying science, technology, arts, and culture they acquired in college to solve the problems that exist in the community, (2) train and develop soft skills and character of students, (3) train students to understand the condition of the people in both rural and urban areas, so that students have a sensitivity and concern for the people who need assistance, (4) prepare future leaders in favor of honesty, justice, and truth, (5) train students in solving development problems in community, (6) train students in planning, implementing, and evaluating a program in the community, and (7) explore the various conditions of the community as a feedback to the university in the development of college assignment. SCS activity is a real university contribution to the community, industry, local government and community groups who wish to be economically and socially independent. SCS can instill the values of social responsibility to students with the hope they will participate in community development to create social harmony. Therefore, SCS can be used as a tool for civic education. Some challenges and difficulties encountered in this program including: (1) the complexity of the local bureaucracy; (2) low community participation; (3) incompatibility between programs and issues; (4) human relations between students and the community; and (5) comprehensive assessment system.
Sorting or Steering: The Effects of Housing Discrimination on Neighborhood Choice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Growing evidence indicates that neighborhoods affect human capital accumulation, raising concern that the exclusionary effects of housing discrimination could contribute to persistent inequality.Using data from HUD's most recent Housing Discrimination Study and micro-level data on key attributes of neighborhoods in 28 US cities, we find strong evidence that discrimination constrains the neighborhood choices of minorities in a housing search.Minority testers are significantly more likely to be steered towards neighborhoods with lower quality schools and neighborhood human capital, and higher rates of assault and pollution exposure.Holding location preferences and income constant, discriminatory steering alone can explain a disproportionate number of minority households found in high poverty neighborhoods in the United States and could contribute to racial gaps in inter-generational income mobility.These results have important implications for the analysis of neighborhood effects and further establish discrimination as a mechanism underlying observed correlations between race and pollution exposures.