jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of two interactive educational methods to teach tobacco cessation counseling for senior dental students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: Nowadays, one of the major health problems in many countries is tobacco use. Dental professionals are in a unique position to promote smoking cessation since they have the opportunity for regular interaction with their patients. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of two educational methods to teach tobacco cessation counseling (TCC) in dental practice for senior dental students. Materials and Methods: In this interventional study, 93 eligible senior dental students from two dental schools in Tehran, Iran were randomly divided into two groups. Two educational programs, role play (RP) and problem-based learning (PBL), with the same aim about TCC in dental practice, were developed and implemented for the two groups. The score of knowledge, attitude, and skill were determined in both groups before and after participation in the course using a questionnaire. The changes in the scores from pre- to post-test were statistically analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA test. Results: Total scores of knowledge, attitude, and skill of the participants showed improvements when compared to scores before training (P < 0.001, P = 0.003, and P < 0.001, respectively). However, the differences between the two study methods were statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggested that TCC training through RP and PBL methods leads to improvement in knowledge, attitude, and skills of dental students in the short-term evaluation.
Sequestration, dispersion, and dilatancy—Lecture demonstrations.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSequestration, dispersion, and dilatancy—Lecture demonstrations.Thomas H. Daugherty Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1948, 25, 9, 482Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1948Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1948Published inissue 1 September 1948https://doi.org/10.1021/ed025p482RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (6 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Role Models or Gateways to Resources?: Contemporary Confusions in Mentoring Practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Mentoring has become increasingly popular in recent years in the criminal justice system, presented across the UK and internationally as a service that can address the specific ‘needs’ of women. This article draws on original qualitative research with mentors and mentees to explore their experiences and to establish the aims and processes of mentoring. The rhetoric of mentoring offered by mentors and staff suggested that mentoring was based on an individualistic approach that contained responsibilising strategies. In practice, however, mentors were helping women to resolve issues related to the welfare system and other services outwith the criminal justice system. If positive outcomes of mentoring are viewed by policymakers to be the result of an individualistic approach aimed at fostering ‘prosocial’ interventions, rather than the result of attempts to mitigate wider structural failures then this takes responsibility away from the State and distracts from the deeper effects of criminalising processes.
Effects of Heart Failure Therapies on Atrial Fibrillation: Biological and Clinical Perspectives

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are prevalent cardiovascular diseases that contribute significantly to morbidity, mortality, hospitalisation, and healthcare costs. It is not uncommon for these conditions to coexist and have mutually reinforcing effects. A critical factor in the aetiology of these conditions is oxidative stress, driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contributes to atrial remodelling and fibrosis. The recent introduction of new drugs for the treatment of heart failure has also had an impact on the management of atrial fibrillation due to their influence on oxidative stress. The objective of this review is to analyse the effects of these therapies, including their role in mitigating ROS, on the prevention and treatment of AF in HF patients.
Bathycongrus trimaculatus, a new congrid eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes) from the southwestern Pacific, with a redescription of Bathycongrus bleekeri Fowler

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bathycongrus trimaculatus is described from 16 specimens collected from moderately deep water off the Solomon Islands, Fiji, and New Caledonia in the southwestern Pacific. It is distinguished from all other species by the presence of three conspicuous dark spots in the dorsal and anal fins; by having the vomerine teeth in an elongate patch with all the teeth about the same size and none of them greatly enlarged; by having fewer vertebrae; and by its small size. Bathycongrus bleekeri is redescribed, based on the unique holotype and two additional specimens, and compared to other species of the genus.
Jack London, his life, work and legacy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Jack London is not just an author of dog stories. He is according to some literary critics, one of the greatest writers in the world. His stories are read worldwide more than any other American author, alive or dead, and he is considered by many as the American finest author. This work presents Jack London as a man who is valiant, wise, adventurous, a good worker, and a dreamer who tries to achieve his goals. He shows that poverty is not an obstacle to get them. His youth experiences inspire him to create his literary works. His work exemplifies traditional American values and captures the spirit of adventure and human interest. His contribution to literature is great. We can find in his collection of works a large list of genders like novels, short stories, non-fiction, and autobiographical memoirs. These genders contain a variety of literary styles, adventure, drama, suspense, humor, and even romance. Jack London gets the materials of his books from his own adventures; his philosophy was a product of his own experiences; his love of life was born from trips around the world and voyages across the sea. Through this work we can discover that the key of London's greatness is universality that is his work is both timely and timeless.
WORLDVIEW-BASED APPROACH TO ADRESSING ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT WHILE INFORMATION-CENTRIC SOCIETY IS TAKING SHAPE

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Обосновано, что мировоззренческий подход к решению проблем развития экономики и бизнеса в условиях формирования информационного общества работает только при использовании авторской разработки – новой методологии познания закономерностей в развитии человеческого сообщества. Она позволила определить,что на всем многовековом протяжении развития человеческого сообщества существуют только две парадигмы развития человеческой системы. Циклы, кризисы, хаос и все негативные явления – естественный продукт второй, опосредованной парадигмы развития. Новая модель жизнеустройства на каждом местном уровне – это в то жевремя прежняя, первая, парадигма развития, основанная на непосредственной взаимосвязи между производством и потреблением конкретного человека, но на новом, высокотехнологическом уровне. Практическая реализация этой модели – это единственно возможное условие перехода к устойчивому бескризисному развитию.
Transcriptional Regulation of Synaptic Change

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Changes in synaptic activity of neurons can result in stable changes in neuronal function. Many such long-term changes are thought to be mediated by altered transcription of key target genes. Two studies have identified a role for the transcriptional regulator MEF2 in the control of synapse number (see the Perspective by Beg and Scheiffele). In cultured rat embryonic neurons, Flavell et al. found that the calcium-dependent signaling that accompanied neuronal activity led to activation of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) and decreased numbers of synapses. Depletion of MEF2A and MEF2D caused increased synapse formation, and MEF2 activated transcription of genes known to reduce synapse formation. Shalizi et al. also found regulation of synapse number by MEF2 in rat cerebellum and cerebellar slices. MEF2A appeared to act by repressing transcription of the gene encoding the transcription factor Nur77. MEF2A showed this repression activity when sumoylated (modified by covalent linking of small ubiquitin-related modifier protein, or SUMO). Sumoylation was, in turn, dependent on calcium-dependent dephosphorylation of MEF2A. Phosphorylation of MEF2A appeared to switch MEF2A between an acetylated and a sumoylated state. A. A. Beg, P. Scheiffele, SUMO wrestles the synapse. Science 311 , 962-963 (2006). [Summary] [Full Text] S. W. Flavell, C. W. Cowan, T.-K. Kim, P. L. Greer, Y. Lin, S. Paradis, E. C. Griffith, L. S. Hu, C. Chen, M. E. Greenberg, Activity-dependent regulation of MEF2 transcription factors suppresses excitatory synapse number. Science 311 , 1008-1012 (2006). [Abstract] [Full Text] A. Shalizi, B. Gaudillière, Z. Yuan, J. Stegmüller, T. Shirogane, Q. Ge, Y. Tan, B. Schulman, J. W. Harper, A. Bonni, A calcium-regulated MEF2 sumoylation switch controls postsynaptic differentiation. Science 311 , 1012-1017 (2006). [Abstract] [Full Text]
Multi-population Adaptive Evolutional Algorithm Based on Immune Theory

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

On the basis of multi-population evolution, immune theory is combined with evolution algorithm, selection, memory, clone, hyper-mutation and concentration control operators are defined, where memory operator is used to memory good gene information of parents and supervise creation of offspring, adaptive hyper-mutation operator enables individuals to confirm the search field according to self choiceness degree and number of evolution generations and concentration control operator is applied for diversity of groups. And then a novel immune algorithm based on multi-population. Emulational results show that IAM has efficient convergent speed and can be converged to the global optimal point. Compared with multi-population genetic algorithm and mind evolutionary computing, its convergent speed and convergent probability are larger
Expectations of Achievement and Perceptions of Talent: Child and Parent Influence on Academic Attainment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Aims: The influences of parental expectations, self-expectations and academic achievement on eventual educational attainment were investigated in a longitudinal study utilising twin pairs from the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS). Expectations and current school performance were recorded by twins and their parents at twins’ age 11, 14 and 17. Level of education attained by age 24 was used as the key outcome variable. Parents also rated their self-perceived talents at the intake assessment. Methods: 1,244 twin pairs participated in the study. Sample A consisted of first-born twins, and Sample B of second-born twins, used to replicate the findings. Stepwise regressions were run, investigating the relations between self and parent expectations of academic achievement over an extended time span, the associations between academic achievement at ages 11, 14 and 17, and educational attainment at age 24; and the influence of parental self-perceived talent on parental expectations and the educational outcomes of their children. Results: Changes in parental expectations between ages 11 and 14 were found to significantly predict child’s GPA at age 17. GPA at all ages was associated with eventual educational outcome. Self-expectations of adolescents’ for their own attainment was a significant predictor variable at age 17. Parental self-perceived talent at school was a significant predictor of variance in children’s attainment outcome at age 24. All associations were positive; increases in each independent variable were associated with increases in the outcome variable. Sample B closely replicated the results of Sample A. Conclusions: Parental expectations operate separately from child expectations in influencing academic outcomes. Adolescent expectations are only significant when nearing the end of compulsory education, as would be expected at this stage of development. Self-perceived parental talent has an effect on adolescent achievement discrete from that of expectations; this could be further studied, along with the directionality of the achievement-expectation association.
Estimation of genetic parameters and the effect of inbreeding on dairy traits in Istrian sheep

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pedigree analysis is an important tool for assessing genetic variability and detecting heritage patterns in domestic animals. This study aimed to (1) assess genetic variability, (2) estimate genetic parameters for daily milk yield (DMY), fat content (FC), and protein content (PC), and (3) estimate the impact of inbreeding on the aforementioned dairy traits in Istrian sheep breed. The generation interval was 3.8 years. The average family size per sire and dam was 13.5 and 1.6, respectively. There were 923 female and 282 male founders (f), 105 male and 137 female effective founders (fe), and 72 male and 95 female effective ancestors (fa). A total of 28 sires and 34 dams explained 50% of the genetic variability. The effective number of male and female founder genomes (fne) was 33 and 53, respectively. Low fe/f (0.37 and 0.15), high fe/fa (1.45 and 1.44), and low fne/fe (0.45 and 0.39) for males and females indicated overuse of a small number of animals in reproduction and substantial loss of founder alleles. The heritabilities of MY, FC, and PC were 0.09, 0.03, and 0.06, respectively. Genetic correlations between DMY and FC, DMY and PC, and FC and PC were −0.22, −0.27, and 0.70, respectively. Regression of phenotypes on inbreeding coefficient () within the animal genetic model revealed negligible inbreeding depression for all traits (p<.01; a 1% increase in decreased DMY, FC, and PC by 0.002 kg/day, 0.01%, and 0.002%, respectively). Regression of breeding values on was insignificant for all traits (p>.05).HIGHLIGHTS Genetic diversity, genetic parameters and the impact of inbreeding on dairy traits were estimated using pedigree information. Results indicate recent loss of genetic variability, low heritability and negligible impact of inbreeding on dairy traits. Genomic optimum contribution selection is the best solution to achieve genetic gain and slow down the loss of genetic variability in this population.
Fractional modeling dynamics of HIV and CD4+ T-cells during primary infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this paper, we introduce fractional-order into a model of HIV-1 infection of CD4+ T cells. We study the effect of the changing the average number of viral particles N with different sets of initial conditions on the dynamics of the presented model. Generalized Euler method (GEM) will be used to find a numerical solution of the HIV-1 infection fractional order model.
USING CLASSICAL TEXTS IN VALUES EDUCATION BUSTAN AND RISALATU’N NUSHIYYA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bireyin davranışlarına yön veren tutum ve kabullerden oluşan değerler, "ideal insan"ın niteliklerini içerir."İnsanı insan yapan" bu inançlar bütünü, sosyal kontrol mekanizması olarak da işlev görür.Saygılı, sorumluluk sahibi, adil, hoşgörülü bireyler, toplumsal yapının teminatıdır
[Stomach motility and lyspafen].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Studies of motility of the stomach in 10 test-persons resulted in a significant reduction of motility after a 2-day period of perorally intake of Lyspafen. The active motoric substance is diffenoxin-hydrochloride. An addition of 0,025 mg Atropin sulfate could increase the effect. The effect is independent of the clinical diagnose. A "runaway" could be explained by an intolerance against lactose. The waves of type I are less influenced, such as the frequency of the waves of contraction.
Expression and Regulation of CD73 during the Estrous Cycle in Mouse Uterus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73, also known as ecto-5′-nucleotidase) is an enzyme that converts AMP into adenosine. CD73 is a surface enzyme bound to the outside of the plasma membrane expressed in several cells and regulates immunity and inflammation. In particular, it is known to inhibit T cell-mediated immune responses. However, the regulation of CD73 expression by hormones in the uterus is not yet clearly known. In this study, we investigated the expression of CD73 in ovariectomized mice treated with estrogen or progesterone and its regulation in the mouse uterus during the estrous cycle. The level of CD73 expression was dynamically regulated in the uterus during the estrous cycle. CD73 protein expression was high in proestrus, estrus, and diestrus, whereas it was relatively low in the metestrus stage. Immunofluorescence revealed that CD73 was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of the luminal and glandular epithelium and the stroma of the endometrium. The expression of CD73 in ovariectomized mice was gradually increased by progesterone treatment. However, estrogen injection did not affect its expression. Moreover, CD73 expression was increased when estrogen and progesterone were co-administered and was inhibited by the pretreatment of the progesterone receptor antagonist RU486. These findings suggest that the expression of CD73 is dynamically regulated by estrogen and progesterone in the uterine environment, and that there may be a synergistic effect of estrogen and progesterone.
Feature Selection Optimization for Employee Retention Prediction: A Machine Learning Approach for Human Resource Management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Employee retention represents a critical challenge for organizations, with high turnover rates impacting operational continuity and financial stability. This research introduces an optimized feature selection framework for predicting employee attrition using machine learning techniques. The study employs a hybrid approach integrating filter, wrapper, and embedded methods to identify the most influential predictors while reducing dimensionality by 60%. A comprehensive dataset containing 1,470 employee records with 35 attributes undergoes preprocessing with MinMaxScaler normalization and SMOTE balancing to address class imbalance issues. Multiple classification algorithms are evaluated, with XGBoost demonstrating superior performance (87.33% accuracy, 0.684 F1-score) using the optimized feature subset. SHAP value analysis reveals overtime requirements, monthly income, and job involvement as the primary predictors of attrition, with significant interaction effects between compensation and workload variables. The proposed framework enhances model interpretability while maintaining predictive power, enabling HR practitioners to implement targeted retention strategies. The integration of advanced feature selection techniques with ensemble learning methods provides both theoretical contributions to HR analytics and practical applications for workforce management, supporting proactive intervention before attrition indicators emerge.
Design Methodology of a New Surface Flow Constructed Wetland System, Case Study: East South EL-Kantara Region North Sinai, Egypt

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a model was developed based on simple equations to design a surface flow constructed wetland system (SFCWL). The hydraulics of the system and the pollutant removal were based on first-order plug flow assumptions (k-C* model) to remove biological oxygen demand (BOD), fecal coliforms (FC), total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). In addition, the (SFCWL) hydrology was considered. The model was applied to design a new (SFCWL) of vegetated cells (reed) followed by a storage pond system to treat 6000 m3/day of the degraded agricultural drainage water in the East South EL-Kantara region, North Sinai, Egypt. The model input data were summer air temperature 27 oC, winter air temperature 15 oC and influent concentrations for (BOD) 120 mg/L, (FC) 100000 CFU/100 mL, (TSS) 155 mg/L, (TN) 20 mg/L and (TP) 5 mg/L. The model output showed 3.54 days retention time and the total area of the system, including storage pond was 25.7 hectares. The expected overall pollutant removal efficiencies for (BOD), (FC), (TSS), (TN) and (TP) were 83.3%, 99.5%, 88.6%, 66% and 50% respectively. The proposed (SFCWL) system as a promising low-cost treatment alternative can change polluted agriculture drainage water to an unconventional water source that will be utilized for irrigation and environment-friendly.
Progress of HT-7U superconducting magnets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The HT-7U is a tokamak with superconducting toroidal field (TF) and poloidal field (PF) magnets. The mission of the HT-7U project is to develop scientific and engineering issues on the steady state operation of advanced tokamak. The design of TF and PF magnets has been optimized. The R&D program of magnets is going on. All of the TF and PF coils will be manufactured and tested in Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP). Therefore, a 600 meters long length jacketing line for cable-in-conduit conductors, two winding machines and a test facility for the TF and PF coils are now ready in ASIPP. In this paper, progress of the HT-7U magnets is described.
Discussion on Classification of Outburst Coal Seam Based on Outburst Intensity

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

With the development of outburst prevention technology and the improvement of management level in China's outburst mines in the new era, the classification of outburst coal seams has important guiding significance for the further refinement, improvement, and enhancement of China's outburst mine gas prevention and control system.Therefore, it is necessary to further classify outburst coal seams.Through the analysis of outburst accidents with deaths of more than or equal to 3 people since 2000, a large number of basic gas parameters in the laboratory, and previous research results, in-depth discussions were conducted on the methods and basis for classification of outburst coal seams, as well as related issues such as judgment rules and critical values of indicators.It is proposed to divide outburst coal seams into two levels: 'general outburst coal seams' and 'severe outburst coal seams'.A classification method for outburst coal seams based on outburst strength has been established.The judgment rules for severe outburst coal seams have been established, including the amount of coal thrown out S, the amount of gas emitted per ton of coal Q 0 and the number of outburst times N.The critical values of the judgment indicators have been determined.Through the research, it will provide an important basis for the determination of mining procedures, outburst prevention planning and mining replacement planning, etc.