jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Continuous Sugar Beet Cropping on Rhizospheric Microbial Communities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The continuous cropping of sugar beet can result in soil degradation and a decrease in the sugar beet yield and quality. However, the role of continuous sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. saccharifera) cropping in shaping the structure and function of the rhizosphere microbial community remains poorly investigated. In this study, we comparatively investigated the impact of different numbers of years of continuous sugar beet cropping on structural and functional changes in the microbial community of the rhizosphere using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. We collected rhizosphere soils from fields continuously cropped for one-year (T1), five-year (T5), and thirty-year (T30) periods, as well as one bulk soil (T0), in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The results demonstrated that continuous sugar beet cropping resulted in a significant decline in the community diversity of soil bacterial and fungal populations from T1 to T5. With continuous change in the structure of the microbial community, the Shannon diversity and observed species were increased in T30. With an abundance of pathogenic microbes, including Acidobacteria, Alternaria, and Fusarium, that were highly enriched in T30, soil-borne diseases could be accelerated, deduced by functional predictions based on 16S rRNA genes. Continuous sugar beet cropping also led to significant declines in beneficial bacteria, including Actinobacteria, Pseudomonas spp., and Bacillus spp. In addition, we profiled and analyzed predictive metabolic characteristics (metabolism and detoxification). The abundance of phenolic acid decarboxylase involved in the phenolic acid degradation pathway was significantly lower in groups T5 and T30 than that in T0 and T1, which could result in the phenolic compounds becoming excessive in long-term continuous cropping soil. Our results provide a deeper understanding of the rhizosphere soil microbial community’s response to continuous sugar beet cropping, which is important in evaluating the sustainability of this agricultural practice.
Eristalis similis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Eristalis similis (Fallén, 1817) Materials Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male; occurrenceID: 7EFB641A-B7BA-5107-961E-5CF92F0900CD; Taxon: scientificName: Eristalis similis (Fallén, 1817); order: Diptera; family: Syrphidae; Location: country: Italy; locality: PNFC Foresta Lama Stazione Prati; decimalLatitude: 43.8313707; decimalLongitude: 11.8380049; geodeticDatum: WGS 84; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise Trap; verbatimEventDate: 3-14. vii. 2003; Record Level: collectionID: AMSUB 005271 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 female; occurrenceID: F48459F5-AFD8-55B2-BA54-1444DCDF2275; Taxon: scientificName: Eristalis similis (Fallén, 1817); order: Diptera; family: Syrphidae; Location: country: Italy; locality: PNFC Bucine (FC) 907 m; decimalLatitude: 43.9594; decimalLongitude: 11.7097; geodeticDatum: WGS 84; Event: samplingProtocol: Entomological Net; verbatimEventDate: 12. vi. 2023; Record Level: collectionID: PNFCC 000011 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male; occurrenceID: 729B3CCD-76DE-5634-9B1B-C998D1E05384; Taxon: scientificName: Eristalis similis (Fallén, 1817); order: Diptera; family: Syrphidae; Location: country: Italy; locality: PNFC Monte Falco (FI) 1653 m; decimalLatitude: 43.8773; decimalLongitude: 11.7107; geodeticDatum: WGS 84; Event: samplingProtocol: Entomological Net; verbatimEventDate: 11. vii. 2023; Record Level: collectionID: PNFCC 000012 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 2 males, 1 female; occurrenceID: 6CBEDD9E-CDF4-50F5-B720-EA7B7A511718; Taxon: scientificName: Eristalis similis (Fallén, 1817); order: Diptera; family: Syrphidae; Location: country: Italy; locality: PNFC Monte Falco (FI) 1653 m; decimalLatitude: 43.8773; decimalLongitude: 11.7107; geodeticDatum: WGS 84; Event: samplingProtocol: Entomological Net; verbatimEventDate: 11. viii. 2023; Record Level: collectionID: PNFCC 000013, PNFCC 000014, PNFCC 000015 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male; occurrenceID: 64C6461C-734C-5D34-AF2F-44CB106C53D2; Taxon: scientificName: Eristalis similis (Fallén, 1817); order: Diptera; family: Syrphidae; Location: country: Italy; locality: PNFC Bucine (FC) 907 m; decimalLatitude: 43.9594; decimalLongitude: 11.7097; geodeticDatum: WGS 84; Event: samplingProtocol: Entomological Net; verbatimEventDate: 12. viii. 2023; Record Level: collectionID: PNFCC 000016
Evaluation of Unbaited Pyramid Traps for Monitoring and Controlling Plum Curculio Adults (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Apple Orchards

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We investigated unbaited black pyramid traps, placed on the ground, for monitoring overwintered adult plum curculios, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), in eight large commercial apple orchards in Massachusetts. None of the trap positions for any tree size in any orchard showed a significant positive relationship between the temporal occurrence of adult captures from petal fall until 4 to 5 wks afterward and the temporal occurrence of adult-initiated ovipositional injury to developing fruit during the same period. The amount of adults captured by traps was not significantly related to the amount of injury to fruit caused by adults, either across the entire period of overwintered adult activity or within periods of adult activity before, between or following insecticide applications. Similar traps placed next to trunks of groups of four adjacent trees in a small unmanaged orchard or next to trunks of every tree in a small commercial orchard failed to provide detectable or commercially-acceptable control of plum curculio. An alternative to unbaited pyramid traps on the ground is needed to effectively monitor or control plum curculio in apple orchards in Massachusetts.
SONIC LANGUAGE ENRICHMENT: ENHANCING STUDENTS' ENGLISH VOCABULARY THROUGH WESTERN MUSIC

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Acquiring vocabulary is a crucial component of English language acquisition for kids. Students require innovative instructional approaches to derive pleasure from the continuous learning process. The teacher should be able to communicate the subject matter and suitably utilize media effectively. This study aimed to ascertain whether the utilization of Music media may yield a noteworthy disparity in enhancing students' English vocabulary and to discover whether the efficacy of music media surpasses that of conventional media. The sample size for this study consisted of 60 students. The system has two classrooms, with each class including a total of 30 students. The pre-test results yielded a t-value of t0 = 1.517, indicating that both classes are worth studying as there is no significant difference in the increase of students' English vocabulary based on the t-test. However, after treatment and the post-test, the t-value obtained was t0 = 3.201, higher than the critical t-value (tt = 2.001) at a significance level of α = 0.05 and degrees of freedom (df) = 58. This indicates a significant difference in students' English vocabulary increase between the experimental class (taught using Music media) and the control class (introduced using conventional press) after the pre-test was administered.
Review of vedic Literature from the Perspective of Physical and Human Geography

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Vedas are earliest collection of Hindu scripture. The word Veda was originated from Sanskrit verb ‘Vida’ inane meaning to “to know”. Vedas are collection of knowledge. Literatures, written on the basis of Vedas are called Vedic literature. Itihansas and puranas are also known as Vedic literature. Each and every dimension of geography is expressed in Vedic Literature very strongly. This paper simply tries to present the geographical issue expressed in different Vedic literature. Different research papers written about Vedic geography, books of Vedas and puranas are used as materials for the formation of this paper. Topographic explanation and their classification for regionalization is carefully presented in vedic literature such as Dwipas, Khandas and Barshas. River is praised as mother in Vedas and nature and behavior of river was known by Vedic people. Ricveda is full of praising river. Seasonality month and different weather is explained in different Vedas and vedic literatures. Six seasons and twelve months are explained in vedic literature. Fire, wind, water, earth are taken as different forms of god and praised as human environment interaction. People are discouraged for deforestation means not to destroy home of god. Quantitative and mathematical geography is another great feature of vedic literature. Measurement unit techniques of time and distance are very strong geographical representation of vedic literature. The measurement of time starts from ‘pramanu’ to ‘mahayuga’ and distance starts from ‘pramanu’ to ‘krosha’.
GeoDCAT-AP: Representing geographic metadata by using the ''DCAT application profile for data portals in Europe"

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

GeoDCAT-AP is a metadata profile aiming to provide an RDF-based representation of geospatial metadata compliant with the DCAT application profile for European data portals (DCAT-AP), specifically designed to enable the sharing of geospatial metadata, in particular those available via the INSPIRE infrastructure. In this paper, we provide an overview of GeoDCAT-AP, and we outline the lessons learnt, in particular with respect to the issues concerning the cross-domain integration of the geospatial platform with other data infrastructures.
Peace Witness in World War II

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Wilfred Owen, one of the poetic voices stilled by World War I, chose as his subject “war and the pity of war,” finding his poetry in the pity. It can be argued that even then the pity had gone out of war. It is certain that the events of subsequent wars—large and small, local as well as worldwide—have been so pitiless in character and conduct that little or no “poetry” remains. We are three-quarters through a century of unprecedented violence, with the grim prospect of even greater evils tying ahead. In his Twentieth Century Book of the Dead Gil Eliot offers what he considers a reasonable estimate of 100,000,000 “man-made” deaths since 1900. That figure alone is enough to give us pause. But it is not merely the number of deaths that should concern us here, but who is killed and the manner in which the victims are killed. In World War I, of the ten million or so victims, 90 per cent were soldiers. The carnage of World War II was so great and so indiscriminate that an equally simple estimate is almost impossible to contrive.
Therapeutic Options for Crigler-Najjar Syndrome: a Scoping Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome (CNS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the UGT1A1 gene, leading to impaired bilirubin conjugation and severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. CNS presents in two forms: CNS type 1 (CNS1), the more severe form with a complete absence of UGT1A1 activity, and CNS type 2 (CNS2), with partial enzyme activity. CNS1 requires aggressive management, including phototherapy and plasmapheresis, but liver transplantation (LT) remains the only definitive cure. The timing of LT is critical, as it must be performed before the onset of irreversible brain damage (kernicterus), making early intervention essential. However, LT poses risks such as graft rejection and lifelong immunosuppression. CNS2 is milder, with patients re-sponding well to phenobarbital and having a lower risk of kernicterus. Recent advancements in gene therapy and autologous hepatocyte transplantation offer promising alternatives to LT. Gene therapy using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors has shown potential in preclinical studies, though challenges remain in pediatric applications due to liver growth and pre-existing immunity. Autologous hepatocyte transplantation avoids the risks of rejection but requires further research. These emerging therapies provide hope for more effective and less invasive treatment options, aiming to improve the quality of life for CNS patients and reduce reliance on lifelong interven-tions.
Fast Imaging of Time-dependent Distributions of Intense Beams

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Longitudinal perturbations can be generated in the space-charge dominated regimes in which most beams of interest are born. To study the modification of transverse beam distributions by longitudinal beam dynamics, we have conducted experimental studies using low energy electron beams by taking time resolved images of a beam with longitudinal density perturbations. Two different diagnostics are used: optical transition radiation (OTR) produced from an intercepting silicon based aluminum screen and a fast (< 5 ns decay time) phosphor screen. It is found that the beam is significantly affected by the perturbation. However the OTR signal is very weak and requires over 45 minutes of frame integration. The fast phosphor screen has much better sensitivity (~1000 times enhancement). In this paper, we also report on the time resolved measurement of a parabolic beam, showing interesting correlations between transverse and longitudinal distributions of the beam.
CARING WITH GRIT AND GRACE: LONG-TERM FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A central question about providing daily care for a relative with dementia is, What effects does caregiving have on the caregiver over time? Although short-term longitudinal studies have begun to address this question, few studies of family caregivers for persons with cognitive impairment extend beyond a few years and even fewer begin data collection with the initial diagnosis. We present findings from the Virginia Tech Families with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) project, a mixed methods longitudinal study designed to understand the lives of long-term family caregivers and caregiving consequences for their health and well-being. Data consist of rich qualitative interviews and responses to structured scales from old adults and their primary caregiver, beginning at the MCI diagnosis and following the families for 10 years as cognitive changes unfolded. Savla and colleagues’ examination of early care relationship indicators that predict caregiver mortality found that more perceived memory and behaviour problems, poorer health, and older age portended earlier death whereas stronger mastery was a protective factor. Analysis of caregiver mental health by Blieszner and colleagues revealed the impact of greater burden, more memory and behaviour problems, and lower mastery on increased depressive symptoms. Roberto and colleagues used case studies to detail the caregivers’ long journey, providing a deep understanding of their daily challenges and resiliency as they faced unrelenting and frequently changing circumstances. Amy Horowitz will discuss the findings in light of earlier identification of cognitive impairment and implications for future research and practice focused on long-term caregivers of old persons.
Post-Pandemic Office Work: Perceived Challenges and Opportunities for a Sustainable Work Environment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The widespread adoption of remote and hybrid work due to COVID-19 calls for studies that explore the ramifications of these scenarios for office workers from an occupational health and wellbeing perspective. This paper aims to identify the needs and challenges in remote and hybrid work and the potential for a sustainable future work environment. Data collection involved two qualitative studies with a total of 53 participants, who represented employees, staff managers, and service/facility providers at three Swedish public service organisations (primarily healthcare and infrastructure administration). The results describe opportunities and challenges with the adoption of remote and hybrid work from individual, group, and leadership perspectives. The main benefits of remote work were increased flexibility, autonomy, work-life balance and individual performance, while major challenges were social aspects such as lost comradery and isolation. Hybrid work was perceived to provide the best of both worlds of remote and office work, given that employees and managers develop new skills and competencies to adjust to new ways of working. To achieve the expected individual and organisational benefits of hybrid work, employers are expected to provide support and flexibility and re-design the physical and digital workplaces to fit the new and diverse needs of employees.
IN VITRO STUDIES OF THE RELEASE MECHANISM FOR VASOPRESSIN IN RATS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT When isolated hemilobes from rat neurohypophyses were incubated for over 40 min in a Ca-free K 2 SO 4 Locke solution containing 2,4-dinitrophenol (0.5 mm) or iodoacetate (3 mm), the release of hormone, which occurs in an inhibitor-free control medium on addition of Ca, was depressed to a considerable extent. Incubation with 2,4-dinitrophenol-containing medium for shorter periods was less effective. When hemilobes were incubated for 50 min in a modified Locke solution containing 2,4-dinitrophenol (0.5 mm) the release of hormone induced by excess K was considerably decreased. When N-ethylmaleimide was added to unstimulated hemilobes, the release of the hormone slowly increased. The inhibition of secretion caused by metabolic inhibitors may be explained by inhibition of the maintenance of a small pool of »readily releasable« hormone or by inhibition of an energy-dependent step in the release process.
Coupled Effect of Soil’s Acidity and Saturation on Pitting Corrosion of Buried Cast Iron

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper presents the results produced from long-term tests designed to investigate the key factors affecting the external corrosion of cast iron pipes buried in clayey soil. The coupled effect of varying acidity (pH) and saturation (moisture content) of soil on the corrosion of cast iron buried in soil, including pitting corrosion, is thoroughly examined. Based on the observations and analysis of the test results, it is found that the coupled effect of high acidity (2.5 pH) and high saturation (80 %) of soil could create an accelerating environment for corrosion in the short term. In addition, the coupled effect of low acidity (5 pH) and high saturation (80 %) of soil could lead to a high corrosion rate for cast iron buried in the soil in the longer term. An empirical model for predicting pitting corrosion was also developed. The findings of this paper can have widespread applications, including corrosion protection and the development of models for the prediction of the remaining safe life of pipelines buried in corrosive soils.
Sperm Lipid Markers of Male Fertility in Mammals

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sperm plasma membrane lipids are essential for the function and integrity of mammalian spermatozoa. Various lipid types are involved in each key step within the fertilization process in their own yet coordinated way. The balance between lipid metabolism is tightly regulated to ensure physiological cellular processes, especially referring to crucial steps such as sperm motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction or fusion. At the same time, it has been shown that male reproductive function depends on the homeostasis of sperm lipids. Here, we review the effects of phospholipid, neutral lipid and glycolipid homeostasis on sperm fertilization function and male fertility in mammals.
COVID-19 CASE AND MORTALITY RATES IN GREEN HOUSES AND TRADITIONAL NURSING HOMES IN NEW YORK STATE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction. Green Houses (GHs) have features that distinguish them from traditional nursing homes (NHs) including small size, home-like settings, humane model of care, and a sense of community. Literature shows these features have contributed to lower staff turnover, higher resident satisfaction, and lower COVID-19 case and mortality rates. Few studies use longitudinal data to quantify the differences between GHs and NHs by examining COVID-19 case and mortality rates. Methods. Nursing Home COVID-19 Data from CMS were used to compare case and mortality rates between GHs (n=4) and NHs (n=614) from 5/2020 to 1/2022. Case and mortality rates were calculated for GHs and NHs. Incidence rate ratio (IRR) of case and mortality rates were provided. Results. The preliminary results indicate GHs have lower COVID-19 case (3.76 vs. 6.8 per 1,000 resident weeks) and mortality rates (0.35 vs 1.21 per 1,000 resident weeks) compared to NHs. The IRR for COVID-19 cases is significantly higher in NHs compared to GHs (IRR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.55, 2.11), likewise, for mortality (IRR = 3.45; 95% CI 2.09, 5.75). Conclusions. The findings illuminate key differences in COVID-19 case and mortality rates among GHs and NHs. Factors such as GH size and their unique care model may contribute to the differences observed in COVID-19 case and mortality rates when compared to NHs. Future studies may include facility or resident characteristics in the study design.
Policy measures to promote electric mobility – A global perspective

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Research that addresses policy measures to increase the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has discussed government regulations such as California's Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) or penalties on petroleum-based fuels. Relatively few articles have addressed policy measures designed to increase the adoption of EVs by incentives to influence car buyers' voluntary behavior. This article examines the effects of such policy measures. Two of these attributes are monetary measures, two others are traffic regulations, and the other three are related to investments in charging infrastructure. Consumer preferences were assessed using a choice-based conjoint analysis on an individual basis by applying the hierarchical Bayes method. In addition, the Kano method was used to elicit consumer satisfaction. This not only enabled the identification of preferences but also why preferences were based on either features that were "must-haves" or on attributes that were not expected but were highly attractive and, thus, led to high satisfaction. The results of surveys conducted in 20 countries in 5 continents showed that the installation of a charging network on freeways is an absolute necessity. This was completely independent from the average mileage driven per day. High cash grants were appreciated as attractive; however, combinations of lower grants with charging facilities resulted in similar preference shares in market simulations for each country. The results may serve as initial guidance for policymakers and practitioners in improving their incentive programs for electric mobility.