jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THEORETICAL VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA STUDIES: THE EFFECT OF RING SIZE ON THE CARBONYL VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, molecular structures and vibrational frequencies of cycloketone, cyclopropanone, cyclobutanone, cyclopentanone, and cyclohexanone have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and the second order Møller and Plesset (MP2) levels of theory, using 6-311G, 6-311G**, 6-311++G, and 6-311++G** basis sets. The calculations predict a planar structure for cyclopropanone. The cyclobutanone ring is puckered and according to the calculations at B3LYP/6-311++G** and MP2/6-311++G** levels of theory, it deviates from planarity by 5.0° and 15.7°, respectively. The calculated barrier height between puckered and planar conformer, at MP2/6-311G** level of theory, is 196.7 cm -1 . The puckering frequency at B3LYP/6-311G** and MP2/6-311G** levels are 47.5 cm -1 and 121.2 cm -1 . Cyclopentanone has twisted conformations ( C 2 symmetry) in which carbons C1 and C2 are out-of-plane with a torsional angle of 11.5° (MP2/6-311G**) and the molecule goes from one conformation to the other via an envelope transition conformation ( C s symmetry). or planar hilltop conformation ( C 2v symmetry). The most stable conformation of the cyclohexanone is C s chair, which has no ring strain, is used as land mark.
Microvascular Network Restructuring Associated with MMP Inhibition in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recently, we have shown that MMP inhibition via doxcycyline treatment normalizes blood pressure and attenuates cell dysfunction, i.e. insulin resistance, in adult spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. The objective of this work was to determine whether MMP inhibition leading to blood pressure normalization in hypertensive animals is associated with microvascular network structural alterations. Age matched (14–16 wks) SHR and Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats were administered normal drinking water with and without doxycycline (5.4 mg/kg/d) for 12 weeks. Mesenteric tissues were harvested from 3–5 animals per experimental group and immunolabeled for CD31. Intact microvascular networks were compared based on 3 metrics: vascular area per total tissue area, vessel length per vascular area, and capillary sprouts (blind ended vessels) per vascular area. Microvascular networks from control SHR animals exhibited decreased vascular area per tissue area (P=0.030) and increased vessel length per vascular area (P=0.039) compared to the control WKY group. Networks from the doxycycline treated‐SHR group did not exhibit similar differences. Additionally, doxycylcline treatment served to decrease capillary sprouting per vascular area in SHR animals (P=0.039). These results suggest that microvascular network patterning is linked to MMP activity in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats. Supported by NIH‐HL10881.
Design and simulation verification of clamping instrument with active variable stiffness for pelvic fracture reduction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Background During the robot‐assisted pelvic fracture reduction process, the clamping instrument are subjected to the large reduction force from the robot, resulting in inevitable great stress concentration and deformation of the bone pins, affecting the fracture reduction accuracy. Method A compact and easily‐to‐adjust clamping instrument with active variable stiffness is designed. The relationship between the component's elongation and the clamping instrument's deformation and stiffness is derived and calculated. Furthermore, the finite element model of the fixed and the variable stiffness clamping instruments connecting with the injured pelvic musculoskeletal tissue is developed, respectively. Results Applying the same reduction force, the deformation of the clamping instrument with variable stiffness is reduced, especially in the elongated state. Moreover, the new clamping instrument meets the strength requirements and makes a better stress distribution. Conclusion The clamping instrument can achieve stiffness adjustment during the reduction process and will be used for improving the surgery accuracy.
THE SECURITIZATION OF THE EGYPT GOVERNMENT IN 2019-2023 AS AN EFFORT TO RESOLVE THE GRAND ETHIOPIAN RENAISSANCE DAM ISSUE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a hydroelectric dam on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia, constructed to address Ethiopia's electricity needs. However, the GERD has sparked conflicts with Lower Nile countries, particularly Egypt and Sudan. Egypt relies on the Nile River for over 90% of its water supply and views the dam as a significant threat to its water security. This perceived threat has prompted Egypt to adopt securitization measures to safeguard its national interests. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method, integrating securitization theory and national interest to analyze Egypt's securitization efforts concerning the GERD dispute from 2019 to 2023. The findings reveal that Egypt's securitization measures have not yielded significant outcomes. Furthermore, military action against the GERD is deemed impractical, as the dam's filling process has already been completed, and such action could cause severe flooding, endangering Egypt and its neighboring countries.
Air-Induced anti-Markovnikov Addition of Secondary Phosphine Oxides and H-Phosphinates to Alkenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

[reaction: see text] Air (oxygen) induces the addition of secondary phosphine oxides and H-phosphinates to alkenes to selectively produce the corresponding anti-Markovnikov adducts in good to high yields. Mechanistic studies show that the addition probably proceeds via a radical chain mechanism.
Post-Stroke Thalamic Syndrome (Review)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pain management is a foreground task of physicians specializing in various disciplines. Special attention is paid to the issues of early comprehensive rehabilitation of post-stroke patients and prophylaxis of probable long-term complications related to injuries of different brain structures.Post-stroke thalamic syndrome is the most frequent multiform complication that requires multidisciplinary efforts. Understanding of the morbid physiology of pain thalamic syndrome is the cornerstone of successful management providing higher quality of patients’ life. Currently, profound changes have taken place in the prophylaxis, diagnosis, and management of post-stroke thalamic syndrome. This review highlights the most common types of pain experienced by patients after thalamic stroke, presents morbid physiological mechanisms of pain development depending on the location of ischemic brain injury, and discusses the issues of up-to-date management and rehabilitation of post-stroke thalamic syndrome patients.
Von Willebrand Factor-cleaving Protease in Childhood Diarrhoea-associated Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary A deficiency of von Willebrand factor (vWF)-cleaving protease, either due to a congenital deficiency or to the presence of a protease inhibitor of vWF-cleaving protease has been associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). We have studied vWF-cleaving protease in diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome (D+ HUS), which shares clinical features with TTP. 29 children with acute D+ HUS and 13 control children were studied. vWF-cleaving protease activity was normal (range 50-150%) in 39 of 42 plasma samples. Levels of protease activity between 25 and 50% were noted in plasma from two D+ HUS patients. One D+HUS patient, who had clinical features of TTP, had a vWF-cleaving protease inhibitor producing a severe deficiency of vWF-cleaving protease. Thus a deficiency of vWF-cleaving protease appears to be atypical in D+HUS. The detection of a vWF-cleaving protease inhibitor in one patient suggests it may be associated with infection such as E. coli 0157.
Exosome release of ADAM15 and the functional implications of human macrophage‐derived ADAM15 exosomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 15 (ADAM15), the only ADAM protein containing an Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) motif in its disintegrin‐like domain, is a widely expressed membrane protein that is involved in tumor progression and suppression. However, the underlying mechanism of ADAM15‐mediated tumor suppression is not clearly understood. This study demonstrates that ADAM15 is released as an exosomal component, and ADAM15 exosomes exert tumor suppressive activities. We found that exosomal ADAM15 release is stimulated by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate, a typical protein kinase C activator, in various tumor cell types, and this results in a corresponding decrease in plasma membrane‐associated ADAM15. Exosomes rich in ADAM15 display enhanced binding affinity for integrin αvβ3 in an RGD‐dependent manner and suppress vitronectin‐ and fibronectin‐induced cell adhesion, growth, and migration, as well as in vivo tumor growth. Exosomal ADAM15 is released from human macrophages, and macrophage‐derived ADAM15 exosomes have tumor inhibitory effects. This work suggests a primary role of ADAM15 for exosome‐mediated tumor suppression, as well as functional significance of exosomal ADAM protein in antitumor immunity.—Lee, H. D., Koo, B.‐H., Kim, Y. H., Jeon, O.‐H., Kim, D.‐S. Exosome release of ADAM15 and the functional implications of human macrophage‐derived ADAM15 exosomes. FASEB J. 26, 3084–3095 (2012). www.fasebj.org
USP22 maintains gastric cancer stem cell stemness and promotes gastric cancer progression by stabilizing BMI1 protein

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Increased ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) has been associated with poor prognosis in several cancers including gastric cancer. However, the role of USP22 in gastric tumorigenesis is still unclear. Gastric cancer stem cells have been identified and shown to correlate with gastric cancer initiation and metastasis. In this study, we found that silencing of USP22 inhibited proliferation of gastric cancer cells and suppressed the cancer stem cell spheroid formation in serum-free culture. Furthermore, cancer stem cell markers, such as CD133, SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG were down-regulated. Additionally, knockdown of USP22 inhibited gastric cancer xenografts growth. Our analysis of TCGA database indicated that BMI1 overexpression may predict gastric cancer patient survival, and TAT-BMI1 proteins reversed the USP22 knockdown-mediated decreased in cancer stem cell properties, and elevated the expression of stemness-associated genes. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of USP22 stabilized the BMI1 protein in gastric cancer cells. Taken together, our study demonstrates that USP22 is indispensable for gastric cancer stem cell self-renewal through stabilization of BMI1. These results may provide novel approaches to the theranostics of gastric cancer in the near future.
Quality determination of fruit vinegars using visible/near infrared spectroscopy and least squares-support vector machine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soluble solids content (SSC) and pH are two important quality parameters of fruit vinegars. Visible and near infrared (VIS/NIR) spectroscopy was employed to determine SSC and pH of fruit vinegars based on partial least squares (PLS) analysis and least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM). 300 vinegar samples were prepared. PLS models were developed with different preprocessing methods including no treatment, smoothing way of Savitzky-Golay, standard normal variate, 1st- and 2nd-derivertives. Simultaneously, certain selected latent variables (LVs) were used as LS-SVM inputs according to their explained variance. Finally, LS-SVM models with RBF kernel were developed compared with PLS models. The raw spectral data showed the best performance. The best LS-SVM models were achieved with 7 LVs for SSC and 6 LVs for pH, and LS-SVM outperformed all PLS models. The correlation coefficient (r), RMSEP and bias for validation set were 0.980, 0.667 and -0.043 for SSC, whereas 0.992, 0.040 and -0.006 for pH, respectively. The overall results indicated that VIS/NIR spectroscopy combined with LS-SVM could be used as a rapid alternative method for the prediction of SSC and pH of fruit vinegars. These results would be helpful for the process monitoring during the fermentation of fruit vinegars.

Key word: Visible and near infrared spectroscopy, fruit vinegar, soluble solids content, pH, partial least squares analysis, least squares-support vector machine.
Non-Point Invertible Transformations and Integrability of Partial Difference Equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This article is devoted to the partial difference quad-graph equations that can be represented in the form φ(u(i+1,j),u(i+1,j+1))=ψ(u(i,j),u(i,j+1)), where the map (w,z)→(φ(w,z),ψ(w,z)) is injective. The transformation v(i,j)=φ(u(i,j),u(i,j+1)) relates any of such equations to a quad-graph equation. It is proved that this transformation maps Darboux integrable equations of the above form into Darboux integrable equations again and decreases the orders of the transformed integrals by one in the j-direction. As an application of this fact, the Darboux integrable equations possessing integrals of the second order in the j-direction are described under an additional assumption. The transformation also maps symmetries of the original equations into symmetries of the transformed equations (i.e. preserves the integrability in the sense of the symmetry approach) and acts as a difference substitution for symmetries of a special form. The latter fact allows us to derive necessary conditions of Darboux integrability for the equations defined in the first sentence of the abstract.
Differential effects of preirradiation on adoptive antibody responses in DBA/2 and BALB/c mice.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

YONKOSKY, D., BUFFETT, R. F., AND BENNETT, M. Differential Effects of Preirradiation on Adoptive Antibody Responses in DBA/2 and BALB/c Mice. Radiat. Res. 73, 521-534 (1978). Mice were lethally irradiated on the same day or 3 days prior to the infusion of syngeneic thymus and marrow cells. Mice were immunized with sheep erythrocytes and direct plaque-forming cells per spleen were determined 8 days after cell transfer. Preirradiation of hosts 3 days before cell transfer had varying effects on the level of adoptive antibody responses in mice of different strains: Responses of DBA/2 and DBA/1 were deficient, responses of CD2F1, B10, B10.D2, C3H, C3BF1 and SJL were unaffected, and responses of BALB/c, CBA, and 129 mice were enhanced. The defect in the antibody responses of DBA/2 hosts was dependent on the combination of a DBA/2 host and a DBA/2 cell inoculum. Differentiation of both DBA/2 thymus and marrow cells was deficient in the preirradiated DBA/2 host. This. defect did not appear to be the result of loss of adherent cells from the preirradiated DBA/2 host. The enhanced antibody response observed in BALB/c mice appeared to be due to altered activity of BALB/c thymus cells. Preirradiated BALB/c or DBA/2 recipients reconstituted with BALB/c thymus cells and BALB/c or DBA/2 marrow cells showed enhanced antibody responses, while preirradiated BALB/c or DBA/2 recipients reconstituted with BALB/c marrow cells and DBA/2 thymus cells showed,no change in degree of antibody responses when compared to control recipients. The preirradiated host had altered its ability to control BALB/c thymus cell activity; this lack of control may be due to loss of regulator cells from the host.
[Fluorescein and its adverse effects].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors investigated physical and chemical properties of fluorescein, a substance widely used in ophthalmology. In view of the increased application of fluorescein angiography in the diabetological programme, the authors draw attention to possible undesirable effects of fluorescein and submit an account of complications recorded after application of this substance to 576 patients examined by this method at the Ophthalmological Clinic in Brno.
Looking Ahead: Young Men, Wage Growth, and Labor Market Participation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Despite the long economic expansion, employment among young men is lower today than it was in the late 1960s. This decline has been largely driven by a 17 percentage point reduction in the proportion of high school dropouts working even a single week per year. One common explanation for this trend, declining real wages, ignores the fact that the value of working today depends on future returns to experience. This paper estimates a model of labor supply with returns to experience as an explanatory variable, using data from the Current Population Survey. The classic myopic labor supply model (in which only the current wage matters) is rejected in favor of one that includes forward-looking considerations, embodied in returns to experience. For high school dropouts, decreasing returns to experience explain 30 percent of the decline in participation between 1967 and 1977. Changes in wages do not explain any of this trend.
Effects of Topical Aldose Reductase Inhibitor (CT-112) on Corneal Sensitivity of Diabetic Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hosotani, Hisashi; Ohashi, Yuichi; Kinoshita, Shigeru; Ishii, Yasuo; Awata, Takashi; Matsumoto, Takahiro Author Information
Dataset related to article "Sport Activity and Clinical Outcomes after Hip Arthroscopy with Acetabular Microfractures at a Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up: A Matched-Pair Controlled Study".

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This record contains raw data related to article “ Sport Activity and Clinical Outcomes after Hip Arthroscopy with Acetabular Microfractures at a Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up: A Matched-Pair Controlled Study" Abstract: Background: Acetabular microfractures for cartilage lesions have been shown to be a safe procedure able to improve patient reported outcomes (PROs). Nevertheless, the return to sport activity rate represents a crucial outcome to be investigated in these young athletic patients. Methods: Patients undergoing acetabular microfracture for full chondral acetabular lesions were compared to a 1:1 matched-pair by age and gender control group undergoing hip arthroscopy without microfractures. Clinical assessment was performed with PROs and participation in sports in terms of type and level of activities was evaluated preoperatively and at 2-years follow-up. Results: A total of 62 patients with an average age of 35.1 ± 8.1 (microfracture group) and 36.4 ± 6.3 (control group) were included. In both groups, the average values of PROs significantly increased from preoperatively to the last follow-up. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the number of patients playing at the amateur and elite level preoperatively and at the last follow-up. Conclusions: Microfractures for the management of full-thickness acetabular chondral defect provides good clinical results at a minimum follow-up of two years, which are not inferior to a matched-pair control group. Patients undergoing this procedure are likely able to return at the same level of sport before surgery.
Fish Mosaics in Late Republican Italy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Mosaics containing detailed representations of different fish species were produced in large numbers in many parts of the Roman world. This chapter focuses on a handful of the earliest and most technically accomplished examples: the fish mosaics laid in Praeneste and Pompeii during the late second and early first centuries BC. These compositions exhibit striking iconographic similarities, inviting reflections on how they were designed and made. Having reconstructed a possible chaîne opératoire, the discussion then turns to how the mosaics were understood by contemporary viewers. It is argued that the compositions should be connected to the interest in fish and seafood that flourished in Italy during the Late Republican period, but that they may have drawn inspiration from earlier fashions in the Hellenistic East.
New stent exchange technique following endoscopic ultrasound‐guided nasobiliary drainage (with video)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Video S1 Nasobiliary tube was cut using scissors (FS-3L-1; Olympus Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) and loop cutter forceps (FS-5L-1; Olympus). The remnant tube was cannulated using a wire-guided technique via the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography catheter. The tube was trapped in the snare with the snare-over-the-wire technique. After removing the remnant tube via the working channel with the snare-over-the-wire technique, a 7-Fr plastic stent was put in place without complications. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Working with refugee survivors of torture.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Numerous factors must be taken into account to best provide for the health and well-being of refugee patients in developed countries. One issue that is rarely considered is the awful and not uncommon occurrence of political torture. Large numbers of refugees and other displaced persons are survivors of political torture, and health care professionals must be prepared for this possibility when treating refugee patients. The effects of torture are pervasive, and we provide some practical considerations for health professionals who care for survivors of torture. Specific challenges include problems relating to exile and resettlement, somatic symptoms and pain, and the "medicalization" of torture sequelae.
Fungal Phytases as Useful Tools in Agricultural Practices

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to meet the ever-growing needs of society, modern agriculture must develop sustainable farming and livestock production. Crops need phosphorus, a macronutrient found in soils, but they are only able to utilize small quantities of it. Chemical phosphate fertilizers are ineffective and environmentally harmful. The use of microorganisms (bacteria, yeast, filamentous fungi, and microalgae) that synthesize phytases is a promising and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers. Phytases are also needed as feed additives in animal husbandry to overcome phosphorus deficiency for animal growth and development. Phytases are phosphatases that catalyze the release of phosphorus from phytate by stepwise hydrolysis. The broad substrate specificity, optimal pH range, higher thermal stability, and specific efficiency of fungal phytases make them interesting enzymes for agricultural applications. They improve and stimulate the growth and development of plants and animals by releasing inorganic phosphorus and producing siderophores, organic acids, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, and phytohormones. Phytases are crucial for enhancing phosphorus use in farming and decreasing phosphorus waste’s environmental effects. This paper addresses key challenges in modern farming, such as the inefficient utilization of phosphorus from soil and the environmental harm caused by chemical fertilizers, and provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the research of fungal phytases. Available scientific data have been synthesized to highlight the potential of phytase use in agriculture. This review outlines key areas for future research, including the development of phytase variants with improved functionality. The potential integration of fungal phytases into sustainable agricultural practices is underlined, in contrast to previously published work focused primarily on their biochemical properties. The review offers new insight into the possible applications of micromycete phytases as a critical factor for sustainable agriculture in the future.