jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Placement Plants on the Field Area by Seeding Machines

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Any harvest is primarily the realization of the potential productivity of plants in certain conditions, depending on the parameters and operating modes of the sowing machine. The result of the operation of mechanized sowing will be the parameters of the nutrition area of each plant is the shape and numerical value of these area. The resulting schemes of plant placement on the field correspond to certain characteristics and parameters of the areas of plant nutrition, determining the availability of all elements of mineral nutrition, photosynthetically active radiation, and the relationship of units of agrophytocenosis. This is one of the decisive conditions for the harvest. The development of theoretical ideas about the uniformity of plant placement and the use of appropriate criteria and characteristics will create the necessary understanding of the role of the sowing machines in crop production during cultivated plants in the framework of mechanized technology.
Visualizing Justice in Burgundian Prose Romance: TheRoman de Gérard de NeversIlluminated by the Wavrin Master and Loyset Liédet

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Scholars of medieval literature have shown how the presence of legal concepts—such issues as honor, justice, betrayal, and vengeance—is a constant in the narratives of this period. Yet far less attention has been paid to examining how these ideas were given visual expression in illuminated manuscripts of these texts, which helped disseminate knowledge of such legal practices as judicial duels among their aristocratic audience of kings, dukes, lords, and knights. This study focuses on the visualization of justice in Burgundian prose romances, tales whose plots are dominated by themes of crime and punishment. In particular, it discusses the interaction of text and image in two manuscripts of the mid-fifteenth-century Roman de Gérard de Nevers—a text belonging to the “wager cycle,” in which judicial proceedings are placed center stage—that were illustrated by the Wavrin Master and Loyset Liédet, respectively: Brussels, Bibliothèque royale de Belgique, MS 9631; and Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS fr. 24378. Analysis of three key judicial episodes in the text, the wager itself and two trials by combat, reveals the very different interpretations of the work offered by these two artists. While Liédet is chiefly concerned with evoking the splendor and ceremony of the chivalric deeds that the tale recounts, the Wavrin Master brings out as fully as possible the legal lessons of the narrative, using iconographic conventions more familiar from manuscripts of canon and customary law texts and treatises on trial by battle.
Mechanism of Impatiens glandulifera Royle Allelopathy to Sinapis alba L. and Raphanus sativus L. Germination Is Through Oxidative Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Impatiens glandulifera Royle (I. glandulifera) in the EU presents a threat to the ecosystem, and is thus on the list of invasive alien species. The aim of this study was to clarify if an allelopathic effect of I. glandulifera involves the activation of oxidative stress in target plants. First, I. glandulifera leaf extract was prepared and levels of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone (2-HNQ) and 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-MNQ), as main allelochemicals of I. glandulifera, determined by HPLC. Next, seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba) or radish (Raphanus sativus) were exposed to the extract or to 2-MNQ (in the concentration range of 1–30 µg/mL) for 3 days and parameters of germination and oxidative stress were assessed. Both the leaf extract and 2-MNQ inhibited germination of white mustard and radish; however, the effect of 2-MNQ was more pronounced. Furthermore, the extract and 2-MNQ induced activation of antioxidative defense and caused oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in white mustard and radish seedlings. It was observed that radish seedlings were less susceptible to negative effect of I. glandulifera extract and 2-MNQ. This study’s obtained results demonstrated that 2-MNQ is the main allelochemical of I. glandulifera and that the mechanism by which I. glandulifera and 2-MNQ induce negative effects to target plants involves oxidative stress. In addition, species-dependent susceptibility to I. glandulifera and 2-MNQ was shown.
In silico PCR-RFLP of Bacillus Species: Problem-Based Case of Teaching Bioinformatics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Bioinformatics is a multi-disciplinary subject that encompasses a wide range of fields including; genomics, biotechnology, information technology, algorithms and statistics. As a result, it is important to establish a skeletal set of courses capable of providing both a general and a detailed background on all aspects of bioinformatics. In this study, a problem-based project entitled “in silico PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) of Bacillus species” was assigned to students. The project aimed to cover the background of genetic information retrieval, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis and in silico PCR-RFLP. Initially, the 16S rRNA genes of 34 Bacillus species were retrieved from the NCBI database. The sequence data obtained were then analyzed in terms of their similarities and variation using the ClustalW software. Subsequently, the phylogenetic tree was constructed to investigate their evolutionary relationship. The results indicated that these Bacillus species could be grouped into different clades. In addition, in silico PCR-RFLP was performed to introduce students to the principles of molecular taxonomy.
Axon-Sparing Lesions of the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Abolish Gonadal Responses to Photoperiod in Male Syrian Hamsters

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Intrahypothalamic injections of the excitotoxin N-methyl-D,L-aspartic acid (NMA) that destroyed the parvocellular regions of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) prevented go nadal regression in male hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) kept in short days (LD 6:18). After 17 weeks in short days, these NMA-injected animals had large, functional gonads and dis played all components of male sexual behavior. These findings confirm that neurons of the PVN are part of the pathway that mediates photoperiodism in hamsters.
Pengaruh Kegiatan Mewarnai Gambar Terhadap Kemampuan Motorik Halus Anak TK

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of coloring pictures on fine motor skills of group A children at TK Al-Azhar 57 Jambi, with a total of 12 children and a sample of 8 children enrolled in the 2023/2024 school year. The observed indicators are using crayons correctly, adjusting the colors with the coloring pictures neatly and coloring doesn't go out of line. The results showed that there was an effect of coloring pictures on children's fine motor skills through statistical tests, namely the average test of 2 samples 2 parties in pairs or paired T test. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that there is an effect of coloring pictures on fine motor skills of group A children at TK Al – Azhar 57 Jambi. Keywords: Picture Coloring Activities, Fine Motoric Skills, Early Childhood
A social participation. Consumers and the water supply company.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An essential component of an advanced democracy is civil participation at all levels of administration. Water Framework Directive has proposed a substantial reform in European legislation on water and has revolutionised the management of water supply through democratic inclusion of citizens. Through this new legal aim of water management we have encountered various forms of participation which will be of use to many Water Supply Companies, and Consumer Associations. One example of participation and collaboration is that which was achieved between Consumer Associations and Málaga's Water Supply Company (EMASA). In this presentation we will explain how this was managed and describe those social agents involved, the roles each took and the specific actions undertaken.
Low frequency noise properties of all-thin film superconducting point contacts

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report the results of low frequency voltage noise measurements of an all-thin film superconducting point contact (SPC). The SPC is prepared in liquid helium by application of a voltage pulse to a Nb-MgO-NbN edge sandwich. Increasing the amplitude of the pulse we may observe a gradual transition of a junction from the tunneling to metallic transport regime. We study the magnitude of low frequency noise during this transition and find that noise decreases quickly with decreasing ratio of subgap-to-supergap resistance. This result is contrasted with an opposite finding of C. T. Rogers and R. A. Buhrman [IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG-21, 126 (1985)] for the limit of a ‘‘leaky’’ tunnel junction. This comparison suggests that the excess subgap conductivity observed in our samples is caused by an Andreev reflection.
Diagnosis of Dynamic Topology MANETs in Faulty Environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we describe here the diagnosis the dynamic topology in a faulty environment. In this paper we have optimize that type of network in which less nodes are used to reach source to destination so that data loss are reduced. we have compare the dataÂ loss after optimize the new path to reach the source to destination. In dynamic topology nodes are free to move randomly. Mobile stations from an arbitrary topology.
dh+CU: Future Directions for Digital Humanities at CU Boulder

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Digital Humanities (DH) work harnesses digital technologies to disseminate, analyze and synthesize information in new and innovative ways, often to answer humanistic questions, and may make use of tools like visualization, text mining and statistical tools. The Librariesâ Digital Humanities Task Force was formed to investigate and report on DH activities and needs on campus and formulate recommendations for how the Libraries might help support these needs in tandem with campus partners. We take a broad view of DH and were as inclusive as possible in all of these activities â the disciplinary affiliation of the scholar engaging in these activities (humanities, social sciences or sciences) is irrelevant. In this context, DH is not a circumscribed concept but rather a broad set of methodologies and approaches that loom large in the realm of support and participation libraries and their staff can offer to users undertaking digital scholarship.\nThe Task Force undertook several major activities to meet these goals. Among them are: an investigation of library-associated DH initiatives at other institutions; an environmental scan of campus facilities and services; a campus-wide survey (345 responses); in-depth interviews with 20 faculty, graduate students and other campus researchers; additional interviews with those involved in external DH initiatives; and presentations and feedback during the DH symposium and workshop held in August 2013. Our research showed that DH work was of broad interest to graduate students and faculty on campus across disciplinary boundaries.
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Blush Powder Ekstrak Beras Merah (Oryza nivara L.) Dengan Metode DPPH

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Red rice (Oryza nivara L.) contains anthocyanin pigments which are a group of flavonoids that act as natural dyes and contain antioxidants. The aim of this research is to formulate red rice into blush powder preparations in 3 different concentrations, namely 10%, 20% and 30%, and test the antioxidant activity. This study uses an experimental method. Manufacture of preparations, evaluation of preparations and test of antioxidant activity. The physical blush powder evaluation results met the requirements including organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests and pH tests. However, there was a change in the color of the preparation during the stability test using the cycling test method on F2 and F3. The strongest antioxidant activity test was found in formula 1 (10%) with an IC50 value of 74.52 ppm in the strong category.
[Structure of gaps between the secretory cells of the terminal portions of the palatine salivary glands].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

By means of transmissive and scanning electron microscopy methods intercellular interconnections in the rat palatine salivary glands have been investigated. The secretory cells of the gland are divided by clefts different in their form and width. Some of them are very narrow, since the neighbouring cells are situated very near to each other, while others--are considerably wider and numerous microvilli are found in their lumen. The former are named clefts of proximal contacting and situate between rather vast lateral surfaces of cells, the latter (syngonal clefts)--in places where three neighbouring cells touch each other by their angles. A suggestion is discussed that the syngonal clefts are penetrable and can serve as potential pathways for free juxta-cellular transport of fluid from interstitium into lumens of the terminal parts. Hence, they can be considered at a structural base of filtering function of the salivary glands.
Efektivitas Komunikasi Organisasi Dalam Penguatan Potensi Bumdes Pada Pelaksanaan Padat Karya Tunai Desa Di Masa Covid-19

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Covid-19 pandemic is used as a momentum by the government to accelerate the improvement of the village economy by revitalizing the role of BUMDes. It is hoped that the future role of BUMDes can become the basis for national economic recovery. BUMDes are considered able to manage Village Cash for Work (PKTD) activities for productive economic business activities. The problem that occurs is how the village government responds to the implementation of the Village Law, especially the role of communication for village government organizations in order to realize improved performance and rural development based on this law. This study aims to see how the village government responds to the implementation of the Village Law, especially the role of communication of village government organizations in order to realize increased performance and rural development based on this law and to analyze the effectiveness of village government organization communication in implementing BUMDes policies for the implementation of Village Cash for Work during the Covid-19Â period. to the village community. The research design used a narrative research design, the research method used was descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques in this study can use in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The results showed that all activities carried out during the pandemic in MenangÂ Raya Village to increase the resilience of residents were not well integrated with the BUMDes Gemilang program in Menang Raya Village. Furthermore, organizational communication in strengthening the potential of BUMDes in Menang Raya Village, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency is effective. In addition, the communication pattern carried out by the Menang Raya Village Government and the BUMDes Gemilang, Menang Raya Village is a communication pattern of informal organizations.Â Keywords: Effectiveness Of Communication, Organizational Communication Patterns, Village Cash For Work (PKTD), Bumdes, Covid-19 Pandemic.
Multiple nontrivial periodic solutions to a second-order partial difference equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

<abstract><p>In this article, applying variational technique as well as critical point theory, we establish a series of criteria to ensure the existence and multiplicity of nontrivial periodic solutions to a second-order nonlinear partial difference equation. Our results generalize some known results. Moreover, numerical stimulations are presented to illustrate applications of our major findings.</p></abstract>
Evolution of mesh refinement rules for impact dynamics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Genetic programming (GP) was used in an experiment to investigate the possibility of learning rules that trigger adaptive mesh refinement. GP detected mesh cells that required refinement by evolving a formula involving cell quantities such as material densities. Various cell variable combinations were investigated in order to identify the optimal ones for indicating mesh refinement. The problem studied was the high speed impact of a spherical ball on a metal plate.
Exploiting Vulnerability: The Impact of Crises on Human Trafficking in Nairobi County, Kenya (2015-2023)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Human trafficking remains a pressing global issue, with crises exacerbating vulnerabilities. Guided by the push-pull theory, this study examined the relationship between crises and human trafficking in Nairobi City County, Kenya from 2015 to 2023. A sequential explanatory design was employed, with 384 participants including stakeholders, victims, and at-risk populations. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Findings revealed that 95.1% of respondents experienced crises, primarily floods (29.7%), fires (44.3%), and political unrest (26%). Economic challenges emerged as the main push factor (72.9%), while false promises of employment (66.4%) were the primary pull factor. Victims were predominantly female (78.9%), aged 10-25 (52.1%), with limited education (50.8% less than high school). Rural-to-urban migration within the county correlated with trafficking (94.3%), and international migration patterns influenced trafficking dynamics (96.1%). Although 87.5% were aware of anti-trafficking policies, only 24.7% found them very effective. Challenges included political barriers (81.5% very significant), social factors (83.1% very high impact), and legal gaps (78.1% very severe). The study concludes that comprehensive, targeted interventions addressing root causes and specific vulnerabilities are crucial. It recommends a program combining disaster preparedness, economic support, educational initiatives, and multi-stakeholder collaboration to reduce trafficking risks and enhance community resilience. Key words: Crises, Exploitation, Human trafficking, Victims, Vulnerability
A Statistical Framework for Microbial Source Attribution

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This report presents a general approach to inferring transmission and source relationships among microbial isolates from their genetic sequences. The outbreak transmission graph (also called the transmission tree or transmission network) is the fundamental structure which determines the statistical distributions relevant to source attribution. The nodes of this graph are infected individuals or aggregated sub-populations of individuals in which transmitted bacteria or viruses undergo clonal expansion, leading to a genetically heterogeneous population. Each edge of the graph represents a transmission event in which one or a small number of bacteria or virions infects another node thus increasing the size of the transmission network. Recombination and re-assortment events originate in nodes which are common to two distinct networks. In order to calculate the probability that one node was infected by another, given the observed genetic sequences of microbial isolates sampled from them, we require two fundamental probability distributions. The first is the probability of obtaining the observed mutational differences between two isolates given that they are separated by M steps in a transmission network. The second is the probability that two nodes sampled randomly from an outbreak transmission network are separated by M transmission events. We show how these distributions can be obtained from the genetic sequences of isolates obtained by sampling from past outbreaks combined with data from contact tracing studies. Realistic examples are drawn from the SARS outbreak of 2003, the FMDV outbreak in Great Britain in 2001, and HIV transmission cases. The likelihood estimators derived in this report, and the underlying probability distribution functions required to calculate them possess certain compelling general properties in the context of microbial forensics. These include the ability to quantify the significance of a sequence 'match' or 'mismatch' between two isolates; the ability to capture non-intuitive effects of network structure on inferential power, including the 'small world' effect; the insensitivity of inferences to uncertainties in the underlying distributions; and the concept of rescaling, i.e. ability to collapse sub-networks into single nodes and examine transmission inferences on the rescaled network.
First comprehensive stable isotope dataset of diverse water units in a permafrost-dominated catchment on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Considered the Asian water tower, the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) processes substantial permafrost, and its hydrological environments are spatially different and can be easily disturbed by changing permafrost and melting ground ice. Permafrost degradation compels melting permafrost to become an important source of surface runoff, changes the storage of groundwater, and greatly influences the hydrological processes in permafrost regions. However, the evidence linking permafrost degradation and hydrological processes on the QTP is lacking, which increases the uncertainties in the evaluation of the results of changing permafrost on the water resources. Stable isotopes offer valuable information on the connections between changing permafrost (ground ice) and water components. It is therefore particularly important to observe the changes in the stable isotopes of different waterbodies which can vary over hourly to annual timescales and truly capture the thawing signals and reflect the influence of permafrost (ground ice) on the regional hydrological processes. The Beiluhe Basin (BLH) in the hinterland of the QTP was selected; it integrates all the water components related to hydrological cycles well and is an ideal site to study the hydrological effect of permafrost change. This paper presents the temporal data of stable isotopes (δ18O, δD, and d-excess) in different waterbodies (precipitation, stream water, thermokarst lake, and groundwater) in the BLH produced between 2017 and 2022. Here, the first detailed stable isotope data of ground ice at 17 boreholes and 2 thaw slumps are presented. A detailed description of the sampling processes, sample pretreating processes, and isotopic data quality control is given. The data first described the full seasonal isotope amplitude in the precipitation, stream, and thermokarst lakes and delineated the depth isotopic variability in ground ice. In total, 554 precipitation samples, 2402 lake/pond samples, 675 stream water samples, 102 supra-permafrost water samples, and 19 sub-permafrost water samples were collected during 6 years of continuous sampling work. Importantly, 359 ground ice samples at different depths from 17 boreholes and 2 profiles were collected. This first dataset provides a new basis for understanding the hydrological effects of permafrost degradation on the QTP. It also provides support for the cryospheric study on the Northern Hemisphere. The dataset provided in this paper can be obtained at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10684110 (Yang, 2024).