jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal ST Segment Changes in Acute Myocardial Infarction; Informative or Incidental?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The majority of patients show elevation of the ST segment of the surface electrocardiogram during the acute phase of transmural myocardial infarction.In a significant proportion of such patients, depression of the ST segment is observed in an area of myocardium away from the infarcted territory.In spite of the recognition of this reciprocal ST segment depression for some decades, its aetiology and diagnostic and prognostic significance have been elusive and the subject of controversy.There is general, but not uniform, agreement that patients showing reciprocal ST segment depression usually have more extensive myocardial damage than those without reciprocal changes.Assessments have included echocardiography [1], radionuclide ventriculography for ejection fraction and wall motion abnormalities [2, 3], thallium perfusion scintigraphy [4], enzyme release [2, 5] and in-hospital complications including heart failure and dysrhythmias [6].It is logical to assume that the longer-term prognosis of such patients is somewhat less good, although evidence is limited and based on series too small to provide reliable prognostic information [7,8].Two general views have been advanced to explain reciprocal ST segment changes in acute myocardial infarction.The first contends that ST segment depression in areas presumably remote from the infarct territory is an electrical phenomenon related to the extent of ST segment elevation over the infarct territory.The second contends that ischaemia 'at a distance' underlies the ST segment depression, related to compromise of myocardial perfusion either from the same or a different artery to that supplying the infarct territory.It is likely that neither view is exclusively correct because of time-related changes in currents of injury after myocardial infarction.Thus, it was shown over 25 years ago in a canine model that ST segment elevation from the anterior epicardial electrogram after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation was associated immediately with ST segment depression on the epicardial surface of the posterior wall, directly opposite the evolving infarct [9].Within 20 min, however electrodes on the periphery of the infarct that had recorded ST segment elevation initially showed ST segment depression as a marker of local myocardial injury.Clearly, the 12 lead body surface electrocardiogram is insufficient to differentiate reliably between such non-infarct and peri-infarct phenomena.Transient reciprocal ST segment changes, for example during coronary angioplasty [10,11], do not necessarily reflect currents of injury during evolving myocardial infarction.Protagonists of these two viewpoints have examined the predictive value of reciprocal ST
Sprinkling Cattle for Relief from Heat Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SPRINKLING cattle under shades during the summer in the Imperial Valley of California for 1 min. every 30 min. when the temperature was above 80 F (27 C) resulted in significantly higher feed consumption and rate of gain compared with cattle under shades and not sprinkled. Efficiency of feed conversion, although favoring the sprinkling treatment, was not significantly improved over that of uncooled cattle. Sprinkling was as effective as a refrigerated air conditioned barn at 75 F (24 C) in one trial and more effective during a second trial. Sprinkling and refrigeration promoted greater comfort as indicated by lower respiratory rates and body temperatures in the afternoon. Both noncooled and cooled cattle consumed more feed and gained more weight with 40 ft2 (3.7 m2) per head of space than with 20 ft2 (1.86 m2).
Lipopolysaccharide Stimulates p62-Dependent Autophagy-Like Aggregate Clearance in Hepatocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Impairment of autophagy has been associated with liver injury. TLR4-stimulation by LPS upregulates autophagy in hepatocytes, although the signaling pathways involved remain elusive. The objective of this study was to determine the signaling pathway leading to LPS-stimulated autophagy in hepatocytes. Cell lysates from livers of wild type (WT; C57BL/6) mice given LPS (5 mg/kg-IP) and hepatocytes from WT, TLR4ko, and MyD88ko mice treated with LPS (100 ng/mL) up to 24 h were collected. LC3II, p62/SQSTM1, Nrf2, and beclin1 levels were determined by immunoblot, immunofluorescence, and qPCR. Autophagy-like activation was measured by GFP-LC3-puncta formation and LC3II-expression. Beclin1, Nrf2, p62, MyD88, and TIRAP were knocked-down using siRNA. LC3II-expression increased in both liver and hepatocytes after LPS and was dependent on TLR4. Beclin1 expression did not increase after LPS in hepatocytes and beclin1-knockdown did not affect LC3II levels. In hepatocytes given LPS, expression of p62 increased and p62 colocalized with LC3. p62-knockdown prevented LC3II puncta formation. LPS-induced LC3II/p62-puncta also required MyD88/TIRAP signaling and localization of both Nrf2 and NF κ B transcription factors to the nucleus to upregulate p62-expression. Therefore, TLR4-activation by LPS in hepatocytes induces a p62-mediated, not beclin1-mediated, autophagy-like clearance pathway that is hepatoprotective by clearing aggregate-prone or misfolded proteins from the cytosol and preserving energy homeostasis under stress.
Surface topography of the Greenland Ice Sheet from satellite radar altimetry

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Surface elevation maps of the southern half of the Greenland subcontinent are produced from radar altimeter data acquired by the Seasat satellite. A summary of the processing procedure and examples of return waveform data are given. The elevation data are used to generate a regular grid which is then computer contoured to provide an elevation contour map. Ancillary maps show the statistical quality of the elevation data and various characteristics of the surface. The elevation map is used to define ice flow directions and delineate the major drainage basins. Regular maps of the Jakobshavns Glacier drainage basin and the ice divide in the vicinity of Crete Station are presented. Altimeter derived elevations are compared with elevations measured both by satellite geoceivers and optical surveying.
Correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the Gleason score of prostate biopsies in Chinese population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We assessed the correlation between BMI and Gleason score in prostate biopsies in Chinese Population. In this retrospective study, we collected the Gleason score, PSA, BMI, age, race, and other related clinical data on 290 patients who had undergone prostatic biopsy. We then compared the prostate cancer detection rates and Gleason scores between the high BMI group (BMI ≥ 25; 143 cases) and low BMI group (< 25; 147 cases). Among the 137 patients in whom prostate cancer detected, 70 had high BMIs and 67 had normal BMIs, making the detection rates 48.95% and 45.58% respectively. Seventeen prostate cancer patients had low Gleason scores (Gleason score < 7), while 120 had high Gleason scores (≥ 7). Within the high BMI group, 44.76% had high Gleason scores, which was significantly greater than the 38.10% in the low BMI group (P = 0.027). These results indicate that while there was no effect of BMI on the rate of positive prostate cancer biopsies, the rate of high Gleason scores was greater in the high BMI group than the normal BMI group.
Three Microlepidopterous Insects, First Reported as Pests of the Leaf of Non-Astringent Persimmon in Korea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

2012년 경남 창원의 농약 무살포 단감원에서 단감 잎을 가해하는 해충을 조사한 결과 국내에서 단감 해충으로 기록되지 않은 3종을 채집 동정하였다. 동정된 종은 몸노랑들명나방, 우묵날개원뿔나방, 사과잎말이나방이었다. 이들의 채집기록, 형태, 기주와 간단한 생태를 조사하여 보고한다. In this study, we report three insect pest species of non-astringent persimmon, Pleuroptya chlorophanta, Acria ceramitis, and Choristoneura longicellana, for the first time from Korea. Larvae of these species were collected from an organic farming persimmon orchard in Changwon city, Gyeongnam province, and reared in the laboratory to be identified in 2012. Some information, such as collection records, hosts, simple morphological characteristics, and ecology were introduced for each species.
How Precisely Can We Estimate Vulnerability to Poverty?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

There are alternative definitions of vulnerability to poverty. Most researchers prefer to define vulnerability to poverty as the probability of a household or individual falling into poverty in the future. Based on this definition and using household survey panel data from rural China, this paper attempts to assess the extent to which we can measure vulnerability to poverty. The assessment is based on comparisons between estimated vulnerability and actually observed poverty. The authors find that the precision of estimation, first, varies depending on the vulnerability line; their results suggest setting the line at 50% in order to improve predictive power. Second, precision depends on how permanent income is estimated. Assuming log-normal distribution of future income, it is preferable to use past weighted average income as an estimate of permanent income rather than using regressions to gauge permanent income. Third, estimation precision depends on the chosen poverty line. The percentage of overlap between households estimated to be vulnerable and those actually poor rises when a higher poverty line of US$2 is used instead of US$1.
[Extent of treatment of early carcinoma of the uterine cervix--local treatment of 198 stage I patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The extent of treatment of early carcinoma of the uterine cervix is still controversial. 198 patients with Stage I carcinoma of the uterine cervix who received local treatment for the primary tumor are summarized, 107 with early invasive carcinoma and 91 with invasive cancer. Microscopic examination showed that 62.2% of the patients had lesions less than 1 cm in diameter. In 82.8% of the patients, the invasion was confined to the cervical ring by pathological examination. The accuracy of multiple biopsies was 79.3%. Of 198 patients, 124 received intracavitary radiotherapy only, 73 hysterectomy and 1 cone resection of the uterine cervix. All of them were followed for 5 years or more. The 5-year survival rate was 98% and none of them died of cancer. The author considers that the extent of treatment of early invasive carcinoma can be localized. For localized invasive carcinoma (stage Ib) with lesion less than 1 cm and extent of invasion less than half of the uterine cervix ring as confirmed by biopsy, the treatment of regional lymph nodes can be omitted. Multiple biopsies may replace diagnostic cone resection in most instances.
Natural Language Processing Using Very Large Corpora

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This book is intended for researchers who want to keep abreast of current developments in corpus-based natural language processing. It captures the essence of a series of highly successful workshops organized over the last few years. The papers cover a range of current research topics in this field including part-of-speech tagging, word sense disambiguation, parsing on real-life texts, working with parallel corpora and improved techniques for document processing.
An evaluation of inappropriate prescribing in long-stay elderly facilities in Greater Cork and Northern Ireland...

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Inappropriate prescribing in older people is a major global health problem, with serious consequences for patients, principally adverse reactions and morbidity. \n \nThis team will collect data in Cork and compare with similar data from Northern Ireland. \n \nObjectives: Compare the efficacy of the Beers criteria, developed in the USA, and the STOPP criteria developed at University College Cork; quantify the cost of inappropriate prescribing; and evaluate the opinions of long-term care residents on their pharmacotherapy treatments.
Hypoxia in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: As tumor mass grows beyond a few millimeters in diameter, the angiogenic "switch" is turned on leading to recruitment of blood vessels from surrounding artery and veins. However, the tumor mass is poorly perfused and there are pockets of hypoxia or lower oxygen concentrations relative to normal tissue. Hypoxia-inducing factor-1a (HIF-1a), a transcription factor, is activated when the oxygen concentration is low. Upon activation of HIF-1a, a number of other genes also turn on that allows the tumor to become more aggressive and resistant to therapy.
Immunologically mediated membrane damage: the mechanism of complement action and the similarity of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The destruction of cells by immune mechanisms proceeds via humoral routes, i.e. by soluble factors, as well as by cellular pathways. Among the former, the most prominent and best known is the complement system. As a consequence of investigations spanning about 100 years. it has been learned that the complement system is made up of 14 proteins, not counting inhibitors and regulatory enzymes. The system can be divided into two pathways of activation and a common cytolytic pathway, as shown in Fig. 1. Five of the proteins (Clq, Clr. Cls. C4* and C2) belong to the classical pathway of complement activation which is usually initiated specifically by antigen-antibody complexes. Three of the complement protelna (B. D and P) belong to the alternative pathway which may be activated specifically or non-specifically. Another complement protein, C3, functions in the classical and the alternative pathway. The other five proteins (CS, C6, C7, C8 and C9) belong to the final common pathway which mediates the cytolytic function of complement by damaging the membranes of targets such as bacteria, protozoa, fungi and cells of higher organisms. In addition to the cytotoxic action, activation of the complement system, either via the classical or the alternative pathway, generates fragments of C3 and C5, by enzymatic cleavage, which mediate a variety of biological activities, notably opsonization (C3b), chemotaxis (C5a), release of
Experimental and computational approaches for the understanding of the nature of deformation band formed in materials with hexagonal crystal structures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Formation of curious deformation bands has been reported as one of the deformation mechanisms occurring in a Mg-based long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase. The origin of the deformation band is still unknown, and the possibility of the deformation kink band and/or the deformation twin has been discussed. To clarify this, in this study the crystallographic nature of deformation bands formed in the hcp-Zn was first examined in details both by the experimental and computational approaches. And the obtained results were compared to those observed in LPSO phase. As a result, it was found that deformation bands formed in them showed many similar features, such as an ambiguous crystal rotation axis that varied on the [0001] zone axis from band to band, an arbitral crystal rotation angle that was not fixed etc. This suggests that the developing feature of the deformation bands in LPSO phase crystals can be explained by the "deformation kink band formation model".
Effect of retinoic acid and sodium butyrate on expression of hepatocarcinoma specific enzymes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To examine the effect of retinoic acid and sodium butyrate on the differentiation of human hepatocarcinoma cells.Bel 7402 human hepatocarcinoma cell lines were exposed to retinoic acid (RA),sodium butyrate (SB) and their combination in vitro.Some specific enzymes of hepatocarcinoma cells were measured by different methods.Method γ glutamyltranspeptidase (γ GT) was assayed by Huseby method;tyrosine α ketoglutarate transaminase (TAT) was assayed by Diamondstone's chromometry;and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by Bowers method.Result RA,SB and their combination significantly increased the activities of TAT and ALP,and decreased the activities of γ GT and heat resistant ALP.Conclusion The results indicate that RA,SB and their combination can induce the differentiation of Bel 7402 human hepatocarcinoma cell lines,the effect of combination was higher than that of the separately used.
Saturation of hot CO/sub 2/ at 10. 6. mu. m

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Saturation of the short laser pulse transmission of hot CO/sub 2/ has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Pure CO/sub 2/ at 200 torr and 400 +- 3/sup 0/C was contained in a special temperature-controlled 118 cm absorption cell. The cell's energy transmission was measured as a function of the incident pulse's fluence. The incident pulses' wavelengths were either at the P18 or P20 lines of the 10.6 ..mu..m band, and their temporal shape (FWHM of 1.6 ns) was kept fixed as the fluence was changed. The data showed that the absorption of hot CO/sub 2/ saturated differently at the two wavelengths, with the P20 transition being the harder to saturate.
TYC 2990-127-1: An Algol-type SB2 binary system of subgiant and red giant with a probable ongoing mass-transfer

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT We present a study of the spectroscopic binary TYC 2990-127-1 from the LAMOST survey. We use full-spectrum fitting to derive radial velocities and spectral parameters. The high mass ratio indicates that the system underwent mass transfer in the past. We compute the orbital solution and find that it is a very close sub-giant/red giant pair on circular orbit, slightly inclined to the sky-plane. Fitting of the TESS photometrical data confirms this and suggests an inclination of i ∼ 39.8°. The light curve and spectrum around Hα show signs of irregular variability, which supports ongoing mass transfer. The binary evolution simulations suggest that the binary may experience non-conservative mass transfer with accretion efficiency 0.3, and the binary will enter into common envelope (CE) phase in the subsequent evolution. The remnant product after the ejection of CE may be a detached double helium white dwarf (He WD) or a merger.
Twelve tips for organising a local or regional e-poster session

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

E-posters have been increasingly incorporated into medical education conferences over the past few years, but since the disruption to the 'traditional' conference circuit as a result of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 they have become a necessary tool for larger national and international conferences to support ongoing scholarship dissemination. The authors of this article also recognise the potential for smaller-scale e-poster sessions to be organised at local or regional levels to either continue, or establish new, special interest groups and smaller medical education research networks. Our 12 tips article is designed to offer practical advice to support the implementation of local or regional e-poster sessions to potential organisers and is written from the perspective of two medical educational researchers with experience of designing e-posters and organising virtual conferences which include e-poster presentation sessions.
A comparison of monotic and dichotic complex-tone pitch perception in listeners with hearing loss

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The perception of fundamental pitch for two-harmonic complex tones was examined in musically experienced listeners with cochlear-based high-frequency hearing loss. Performance in a musical interval identification task was measured as a function of the average rank of the lowest harmonic for both monotic and dichotic presentation of the harmonics at 14 dB Sensation Level. Listeners with hearing loss demonstrated excellent musical interval identification at low fundamental frequencies and low harmonic numbers, but abnormally poor identification at higher fundamental frequencies and higher average ranks. The upper frequency limit of performance in the listeners with hearing loss was similar in both monotic and dichotic conditions. These results suggest that something other than frequency resolution per se limits complex-tone pitch perception in listeners with hearing loss.
Improving the Care of Youth With Type 1 Diabetes With a Novel Medical-Legal Community Intervention: The Diabetes Community Care Ambassador Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and efficacy of the Diabetes Community Care Ambassador (DCCA) Program, a novel medical-legal community intervention designed to support high-risk youth with type 1 diabetes. Methods Study eligibility criteria: ages 3-19 years, A1C ≥8.5% (≥69 mmol/mol) and/or recent diabetic ketoacidosis hospitalization, type 1 diabetes duration ≥1 year, and English- or Spanish-speaking. Eighty-nine youth and their caregivers participated in the 9- to 12-month intervention, which included diabetes education and support through 3 home visits, 1 to 2 school visits, and phone support from a lay health worker, as well as legal support from a medical-legal partnership attorney. Feasibility was assessed; change in A1C was compared in a linear mixed model. Results Of the 89 DCCA Program participants, 80% completed the program, with the majority of participants rating their DCCA favorably. Sixty-two percent reported ≥1 unmet legal need, of whom 29% accepted legal counsel. Youth enrolled in the DCCA Program demonstrated an improvement in glycemic control as their mean A1C decreased from 9.71% (83 mmol/mol) at the start of the program to 9.40% (79 mmol/mol) at the end of the intervention period ( P = .03). Participants with public health insurance experienced the greatest differential A1C reduction (9.79% to 9.11%, 83 mmol/mol to 76 mmol/mol). Conclusions The DCCA Program represents a promising intervention for improving care of high-risk youth with type 1 diabetes. A significant proportion of caregivers of youth reported having an unmet legal need. Participants remained highly engaged and demonstrated improved glycemic control, particularly youth with public health insurance.
Dampak Ekonomi Digital dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Ekonomi Indonesia Selama dan Paska Pandemi Covid-19

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this original research is to analyze and evaluate the implementation of Indonesia's digital economy measures that affect Indonesia's economic resilience during and after the covid-19 pandemic, especially in transforming and strengthening small and medium enterprises in digital adoption. This paper shows Indonesia's main preparations and implementations on its digital readiness that support economic activities during covid-19 and even more so after covid-19, for all through the analysis of Indonesia's measures at the government, business, and community levels. Indonesia has a large gap in current and future digital skills and competencies that may burden Indonesia to achieve digital transformation now and in the future. Then, this paper also proposes recommendations for additional steps or improvements, especially in preparing human capacity to support future digital at any level to meet future digital skills and competencies.