jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Cloacal and nasal bacterial flora of Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudines: Cheloniidae) from the North Pacific Coast of Costa Rica].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Cloacal and nasal bacterial flora of Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudines: Cheloniidae) from the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica. The aerobic cloacal and nasal bacterial flora of 45 apparently healthy female olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) was studied at Nancite nesting beach, in Santa Rosa National Park (Costa Rican North Pacific) during July and August 2002. Bacterial samples were obtained by inserting sterile swabs directly into the cloaca and the nasal cavities of the turtles. Ninety-nine aerobic bacterial isolates, including 10 Gram-negative and 5 Gram-positive bacteria, were recovered. The most common bacteria cultured were Aeromonas spp. (13/45) and Citrobacter freundi (6/45) from cloacal samples and Bacillus spp. (32/45), Staphylococcus aureus (6/45) and Corynebacterium spp. (5/45) from nasal ducts. The results of the present study showed that the aerobic bacterial flora of nesting female olive ridleys was composed of several potential human and animal microbe pathogens.
Radiative Weak Decays of Hyperons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Current-algebra techniques and Low's soft-photon theorem are applied to evaluate the amplitudes of the radiative weak decays of hyperons. The calculated branching ratio and asymmetry parameter for the decay ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p+\ensuremath{\gamma}$ are in very good agreement with recently measured values.
Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of Fencamfamine on Rats: A Chronobiologic Approach

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Fencamfamine (FCF) is a psychostimulant classified as an indirect dopaminergic agonist. Circadian rhythms of some behavioral and neurochemical parameters were investigated in control rats and in rats which had been treated with a single dose of FCF across the 24-hr span. Rats were entrained to light/dark (LD) 12:12, lights on from 0700 to 1900. In behavioral experiments (performed in March) the rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline or FCF (3.5 mg/kg) at one of six times: 0900, 1300, 1700, 2100, 0100 or 0500. Fifteen minutes after treatment the duration of sniffing, rearing and locomotion was recorded during 120 min. Controls showed circadian rhythms for sniffing and rearing with acrophases at 2255 and 0118, respectively. In animals treated with FCF, only locomotion displayed significant circadian variation with acrophase at 1912. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a statistically significant circadian time-dependent effect of FCF on all behavioral parameters studied; the increase of sniffing, rearing and locomotion induced by FCF was higher in rats treated during the rest phase. In the biochemical studies (performed between March-June), rats were treated (i.p.) with saline or FCF (10 mg/kg) at one of four times: 0900, 1700, 2100 or 0100. The levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) in the striatum and tuberculum olfactorium, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the cerebellum and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxypheniglycol (MHPG) in the frontal cortex were determined. Controls showed circadian rhythms for HVA (striatum), MHPG (frontal cortex) and 5-HIAA (cerebellum) with acrophases at 2233, 1955 and 1029, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Effect of Upregulation of the Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway on Intramembranous Bone Regeneration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Proper intramembranous bone regeneration is critical for the longevity of orthopaedic implants. It is currently known that the upregulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway results in the high bone mass (HBM) phenotype and faster healing of fractures. The goal of this study is to determine whether the upregulation of the canonical Wnt pathway also leads to faster intramembranous bone regeneration following bone marrow ablation surgery. Methods: Both HBM mice expressing higher levels of Wnt signaling and wild type (WT) mice were used. All mice underwent unilateral femoral bone marrow ablation surgery at 4 weeks old and recovered for 14 days. Histology by H&E staining and regenerated BV/TV by microCT were assessed. Results: We found that a significant difference in BV/TV values exists between HBM females and WT females, and WT females had a 63% lower bone density than HBM females (p = 0.011). No significant difference exists between HBM males and WT males. Conclusions: This suggests that the upregulation of the canonical Wnt pathway leads to a faster rate of bone regeneration following bone marrow ablation surgery in female mice. These findings also imply that artificially upregulating Wnt signaling in bone surgery patients may lead to a faster recovery time.
Rac GTPases are required for restimulation-induced CD4+ T Cell Death (RICD) (87.20)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract In activated CD4 T cells, TCR restimulation or antigen leads to FasL mRNA synthesis, expression and eventually apoptosis through cis or trans FasL-Fas interactions, in the process known as restimulation-induced cell death (RICD). Apoptosis requires both FasL synthesis and secretion and a protein-synthesis independent ‘competency to die’ signal that sensitizes TCR-stimulated cells to apoptosis induced by FasL. Recent work in our lab correlated competency signals with translocation of Fas into specialized membrane micro-domains (lipid rafts) in TCR restimulated T cells. However, what signaling pathways underlie the TCR-induced ‘competancy to die’ signal is not known. We have now identified the small Rho GTPase Rac as a modulator of TCR signals that mediate competency. SiRNA knockdown of Rac1 in jurkats and human CD4 T cells, results in specific abrogation of TCR induced ‘competency to die’ via Fas. Transfection of constitutively active Rac1 rescues TCR mediated Fas apoptosis in Vav-1 deficient Jurkat cells, which are devoid of competency signals. Absence of Rac1 does not affect a number of other parameters of early T cell signaling, however, we observe reduction in dephoshorylation of the Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin (ERM) proteins. CD2Cre Rac1 flox/flox mouse T cells as well as Rac2 −/− T cells have deficient Restimulation Induced cell death (RICD), which is more severe in T cells lacking both Rac1 and Rac2 (Rac1−/+/ Rac2 −/−). Further, in Jurkat and mouse T cells, Rac1 deficiency inhibits FasL upregulation upon TCR stimulation. Therefore, Rho GTPase proteins are critically involved in two distinct aspects of restimulation-induced T cell apoptosis and may be a novel target for immunomodulatory therapy.
A fine-grained distance metric for analyzing Internet topology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the defining properties of small worlds is the prevalence of short paths connecting node pairs. Unfortunately, as a result the usual notion of distance is not particularly helpful in distinguishing neighborhoods in such graphs. This is the case, for example, when analyzing the interdomain routing system of the Internet. We describe a motivating problem that requires a finer-grained notion of distance. The problem is quite simple to state: how can any given network operator in the Internet determine which paths pass through its network? Surprisingly, the nature of Internet routing makes this question rather hard to answer. To address this problem, we define a new distance metric on graph nodes. This metric has useful and interesting properties: it is easy to compute and understand, it can be used to sharply distinguish neighborhoods in networks, and it remains useful even in small-world networks. We show how we use this metric to address our motivating problem, and more generally how it can be used for visualization and dimensionality reduction of complex networks.
Evaluation of prostate cancer on MRI with PI-RADS 2.1: A serial case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Cancer that affects men's prostate glands is called prostate cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a much more recommended method of examination because it evaluates the prostate in detail. MRI with Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 2.1 can be used as a reporting system for prostate expertise and looking at the character of a lesion. This case series aims to present the prostate cancer cases on MRI with PI-RADS 2.1. Case report: First case, a 61-year-old male patient came with complaints of bloody urine and difficulty urinating. MRI results showed a well-defined lesion at the apex to mid of the peripheral zone in the right and left posteromedial sector, without extraprostatic extension, according to PI-RADS 4, and a lesion with indistinct boundaries at the apex, mid to base of the transition zone, with extraprostatic extension to the bladder, according to PI-RADS 5. The second case, a man aged 63 years with complaints of difficulty urinating and feeling incomplete for 1 month. The MRI results suggested prostatic hypertrophy with intravesical protrusion of +/- 1.2 cm with an ill-defined lesion in the mid portion of the right and left posterolateral peripheral zone, suggesting PI-RADS 4 and an ill-defined lesion at the left anterior transitional zone apex, suggesting PI-RADS 3. In the third case, a 79-year-old man came with complaints of discomfort when urinating. The MRI showed lesions with ill-defined borders on the posterior aspect of the mid-inferior portion of the right peripheral zone according to PI-RADS 5, and multiple lesions with ill-defined borders on the anteroposterior segment of the apex-inferior portion transitional zone correspond to PI-RADS 5. Conclusion: MRI with PI-RADS 2.1 can evaluate suspected malignancy in the prostate, so it can be considered as the modality of choice in evaluating malignancy in the prostate.
CAPITAL INFLOWS, FINANCIAL STRUCTURE AND HOUSING BOOMS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We use a panel VAR to study the effect of shocks to capital inflows, which are identified using sign restrictions, on the housing market in OECD countries. To explore how effects of these shocks change with the structure of the mortgage market and the degree of mortgage securitization, we allow the VAR coefficients to vary with mortgage-market characteristics. Our results indicate that capital-inflow shocks have a significant and positive effect on real house prices, real credit available to the private sector, and real residential investment. The responses of these variables are stronger in countries with more developed mortgage markets and in countries where securitization is allowed.
Comparing Voting Methods : 2016 US Presidential Election

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Before the 2016 US presidential elections, more than 2, 000 participants participated to a survey in which they were asked their opinions about the candidates, and were also asked to vote according to different alternative voting rules, in addition to plurality: approval voting, range voting, and instant runoff voting. The participants were split into two groups, a first one facing a short set of four candidates (Clinton, Trump, Johnson and Stein), and a second one facing a long set of nine candidates (the previous four plus Sanders, Cruz, McMullin, Bloomberg, and Castle). The paper studies three issues: (1) How do U.S. voters effectively use these alternative rules? (2) What kind of candidates, in terms of individual preferences, is favored by which rule? (3) Which rules empirically satisfy the independence of irrelevant alternatives? Our results evidence that Bernie Sanders stands out as the "best" candidate in terms of individual preferences (using any standard criterion), and that evaluative voting rules such as approval voting and range voting might lead to this outcome, contrary to direct plurality and instant runoff voting (that elects Clinton) and to the official voting rule (that elected Trump).
Reduction of Magnetizing Inrush Current in Traction Electric Network Based on Virtual Centrifugal Switch

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Inrush current may reduce the reliability of traction transformer protection device and it can be suppressed by adopting series external resistor. After traction electric network comes back to normal, it needs to short the resistor quickly. This paper presented a method to optimize the opportunity to remove the series external resistor by virtual centrifugal switch. The method constructs the virtual centrifugal switch by identifying and adjusting the current waveform at the traction transformer delivery side. The external resistor will be shorted in the first cycle after the end of the inrush current. The traction electric network will come back to normal and the energy loss of the system will be reduced. Simulation results show that the method will not be affected by initial phase angle, remanence and load, and can accurately and quickly short the external resistor in the first period after the end of inrush current and avoid the influence of too long external resistor access time on the system.
The analysis of golf swing as a kinematic chain using dual Euler angle algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The manner in which anatomical rotation from an individual segment contributes to the position and velocity of the endpoint can be informative in the arena of many athletic events whose goals are to attain the maximal velocity of the most distal segment. This study presents a new method of velocity analysis using dual Euler angles and its application in studying rotational contribution from upper extremity segments to club head speed during a golf swing. Dual Euler angle describes 3D movement as a series of ordered screw motions about each orthogonal axis in a streamlined matrix form-the dual transformation matrix- and allows the translation and rotation component to be described in the same moving frame. Applying this method in biomechanics is a novel idea and the authors have previously applied the methodology to clinical studies on its use in displacement analysis. The focus of this paper is velocity analysis and applications in sports biomechanics. In this study, electrogoniometers (Biometrics, UK) with a frequency of 1000 Hz were attached to a subject during the execution of the swing to obtain the joint angles throughout the motion. The velocity of the club head was then analyzed using the dual velocity which specifies the velocity distribution of a rigid body in screw motion at any point in time as the dual vector. The contributions of each segment to the club-head velocity were also compared. In order to evaluate this method, the calculated position and velocity of the club head were compared to the values obtained from video image analysis. The results indicated that there is good agreement between calculated values and video data, suggesting the suitability of using the Dual Euler method in analyzing a kinematic chain motion.
Customer satisfaction and loyalty: start with the product, culminate with the brand

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Studies on customer satisfaction and loyalty have focused on brand rather than product. It is not that brand is not important, but the process of loving a brand starts with a product. Customers appreciate products by themselves, independent of the brand, as shown in their pursuit of satisfaction and development of loyalty. Such appreciation seems to be prominent regarding innovative products when compared to traditional products. This paper aims to investigate this issue and provide a product‐brand typology. Design/methodology/approach The paper takes the form of empirical research on a partial application of the typology. Findings Results show that the relationship satisfaction‐loyalty is significantly present when evaluating products alone albeit a weaker presence than when evaluating brand alone. Such unequal presence is corroborated in both traditional (bottled wine) and innovative (electronic) products even though it is much stronger in innovative products. The relationship satisfaction‐loyalty is also present when evaluating product and brand combined, indicating that there is an intermediate position between product and brand. In contrast, the literature treats brand and product‐brand as being in the same category thereby diminishing the importance of a useful difference between brand and product‐brand. Practical implications There are practical consequences of applying the typology and examining the findings. The relationship satisfaction‐loyalty starts with the product, includes the product‐brand, and culminates with the brand. This process is significantly more important regarding innovative products, such as electronics, as compared to traditional products such as wine. Originality/value This study introduces a typology underscoring the pursuit of satisfaction and development of loyalty in three conditions of product presence versus brand presence, that is, product alone, brand alone, and product and brand combined.
Hierarchical statistical models for the fusion of multiresolution image data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a class of nonlinear hierarchical algorithms for the fusion of multiresolution image data in low-level vision. The approach combines nonlinear causal Markov models defined on hierarchical graph structures, with standard bayesian estimation theory. Two random processes defined on simple hierarchical graphs (quadtrees or "ternary graphs") are introduced to represent the multiresolution observations at hand and the hidden labels to be estimated. An optimal algorithm (inspired from the Viterbi algorithm) is developed to compute the bayesian estimates on the hierarchical graph structures. Estimates are obtained within two passes on the graph structure. This algorithm is non-iterative and yields a per pixel computational complexity which is independent of image size. This approach is compared to the multiscale algorithm proposed by (Bouman et al., 1994) for single-resolution image segmentation (that we have extended for multiresolution data fusion).< >
Particle Size, Surface Area, Crystallite Size, and Thermal Analysis of Consciousness Energy Healing Treated Selenium

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient, which has various physiological functions and also required for the prevention and treatment of Se deficiency diseases. The objective of the research work was to evaluate the effect of the Trivedi Effect&reg; on the physicochemical and thermal properties of Se powder using PSA, PXRD, and DSC analytical technique. The Se powder sample was divided into two parts. One part of Se was called as a control sample (no Biofield Energy Treatment was provided), while the second part received the Biofield Energy Treatment remotely by a famous Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and termed as a treated sample. The particle size values of the treated Se powder were significantly decreased by 17.51%(d10), 13.26%(d50), 8.68%(d90), and 11.24%{D(4,3)}; therefore, the specific surface area was significantly increased by 17.68% compared to the control sample. The Powder XRD peak intensities and crystallite sizes of the treated Se were significantly altered ranging from -18.14% to 2.19% and -4.3% to 14.29% respectively; however, the average crystallite size was increased by 1.54% compared with the control sample. The latent heat of fusion of the treated Se was significantly increased by 10.33% compared with the control sample. All results concluded that a new polymorphic form of Se might have generated after the Trivedi Effect&reg;-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment which may be better soluble, bioavailable, and thermally more stable compared with the control sample. The Trivedi Effect&reg; Treated selenium would be more efficacious nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations for the treatment of cancer, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, viral diseases, stress, aging, muscle disorders, male infertility, neurological disorders, degenerative ailments, etc.&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n\n&lt;ul&gt;\n\t&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.trivedieffect.com/science/particle-size-surface-area-crystallite-size-and-thermal-analysis-of-consciousness-energy-healing-treated-selenium/"&gt;https://www.trivedieffect.com/science/particle-size-surface-area-crystallite-size-and-thermal-analysis-of-consciousness-energy-healing-treated-selenium/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;\n\t&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://crimsonpublishers.com/rdms/abstract/RDMS.000713.php"&gt;https://crimsonpublishers.com/rdms/abstract/RDMS.000713.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;\n&lt;/ul&gt;
Experimental validation for the determination of particle positions by the correlation coefficient method in digital particle holography

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The feasibility and the accuracy of the correlation coefficient (CC) method for the determination of particle positions along the optical axis in digital particle holography were verified by validation experiments. A translation system capable of high precision was used to move the particle objects by exact known distances between several different positions. The particle positions along the optical axis were calculated by the CC method and compared with their exact values to obtain the errors of the focus plane determination. The tested particles were two-dimensional (2D) dots in a calibration target along with different-sized glass beads and droplets that reflected and caused a three-dimensional (3D) effect. The results show that the CC method can work well for both the 2D dots and the 3D particles. The effect of other particles on the focus plane determination was also investigated. The CC method can locate the focus plane of particles with high precision, regardless of the existence of other particles.
Concept of Instructional Coaching for Professional Teacher Development in Post-Pandemic Epoch

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the essential concept of instructional coaching as a dynamic approach to enhance student learning outcomes by promoting teacher competence and efficiency in the classroom. The investigation provides a thorough understanding of instructional coaching, covering its nature, various modes and approaches. Additionally, the chapter highlights key skills associated with instructional coaches in the distinct context of the post-pandemic era. By examining historical perspectives, it traces the evolution of instructional coaching, offering insights into its development over time. Moreover, the chapter critically assesses the impact of instructional coaching during the pandemic and underscores its enduring relevance in the post-pandemic period. In addressing challenges and opportunities in instructional coaching for professional teacher development, the chapter particularly focuses on lessons gleaned from the pandemic experiences. This comprehensive analysis contributes to the ongoing discourse about technology-infused education in the post-pandemic era.