jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF HABITAT FEATURES ON WEB FEATURES AND PREY CAPTURE OF ARGIOPE AURANTIA (ARANEAE, ARANEIDAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Prey capture by the orb-web spider, Argiope aurantia Lucas 1833, depends on the type of the web-site selected. I analyzed A. aurantia web sites in open field and adjacent forest edge habitats to identify habitat features associated with web characteristics and prey capture. In the open field, the use of herbs or grass for web attachment was associated with smaller web diameters, and lower attachment heights and web heights. In both forest edge and open field, the distance to the nearest flower was less when web attachments were on composites. In the open field, webs attached to grass captured more orthopteran prey, and webs attached to herbs and composites captured more hymenopteran prey. The mean number of prey captured and the proportion of hymenopteran prey increased with higher web attachments in the open field habitat. Close proximity of webs to goldenrod in bloom in the open field habitat increased the mean number of prey captured and the proportion of hymenopteran prey. In the forest edge habitat, the presence of goldenrod was associated with more hymenopteran and orthopteran prey and with a higher mean prey number captured. Generally, webs in the open field habitat had more hymenopteran and orthopteran prey and higher mean prey number captured than the forest edge habitat. The web-site providing the greatest probability for encountering and capturing prey is predicted to be one with a tall composite plant for web attachment near goldenrod in bloom.
Does the Name of a Case Matter?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The arbitral award in The “Enrica Lexie” Incident (Italy v. India) brings to the fore the issue of assigning a name to a case. To contextualise India’s contention regarding the name, The “Enrica Lexie” Incident , in this article, I outline the law and practice regarding assigning names to cases by different international judicial bodies ( ICJ, ITLOS, WTO and PCA ). Examining India’s objection to the name, I argue that the name of the case does not capture the subject matter of the dispute accurately and emanates from the mainstream view of international law. The name prioritises an Italian flagged vessel, owned by a company engaged in international commerce and navigating under the protection of the Italian navy, over a fishing vessel owned by private individuals. The name reinforces a state-centric view of international law in which the victims of the incident do not picture.
GENERAL CONCERNS REGARDING THE FISCAL POLICY IN ROMANIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The fiscal policy represents an incentive and also an inhibition factor for certain activities with special impact over the development policy, as well as the taxation system plays a major role in investment decisions. In the present context, a reform of the taxation and billing system is required, due to the low efficiency of the system. In order to increase Romania`s competitiveness in the world hierarchy, it is necessary to implement a reduction in the number of taxes and the amount of the existing taxes, to encourage investments, create an honest and competitive taxation system, and properly computerize its entire fiscal management system.
Regeneration and reuse of runoff and drainage water in agricultural plots by combined natural water treatment systems. Part 2

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

El dia 14 de desembre del 2016 es va dur a terme la Jornada Final del Projecte LIFE +REAGRITECH, al Campus Nord de la UPC. Durant aquest esdeveniment el Consorci, format per la Catedra UNESCO de Sostenibilitat, l’empresa TYPSA i el Centre Tecnologic LEITAT, han presentat els resultats del projecte durant el periode de gener 2013 a desembre 2016 relacionats amb la instal·lacio i optimitzacio de les plantes pilot a tres parcel·les escollides de la provincia de Lleida, per demostrar la viabilitat del tractament d’aigues residuals de vessament a traves d’un medi poros, com son la grava o el suro.
Redefining functional models of basal ganglia organisation: Role for the posteroventral pallidum in linguistic processing?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Traditionally the basal ganglia have been implicated in motor behavior, as they are involved in both the execution of automatic actions and the modification of ongoing actions in novel contexts. Corresponding to cognition, the role of the basal ganglia has not been defined as explicitly. Relative to linguistic processes, contemporary theories of subcortical participation in language have endorsed a role for the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in the control of lexical-semantic operations. However, attempts to empirically validate these postulates have been largely limited to neuropsychological investigations of verbal fluency abilities subsequent to pallidotomy. We evaluated the impact of bilateral posteroventral pallidotomy (BPVP) on language function across a range of general and high-level linguistic abilities, and validated/extended working theories of pallidal participation in language. Comprehensive linguistic profiles were compiled up to 1 month before and 3 months after BPVP in 6 subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD). Commensurate linguistic profiles were also gathered over a 3-month period for a nonsurgical control cohort of 16 subjects with PD and a group of 16 non-neurologically impaired controls (NC). Nonparametric between-groups comparisons were conducted and reliable change indices calculated, relative to baseline/3-month follow-up difference scores. Group-wise statistical comparisons between the three groups failed to reveal significant postoperative changes in language performance. Case-by-case data analysis relative to clinically consequential change indices revealed reliable alterations in performance across several language variables as a consequence of BPVP. These findings lend support to models of subcortical participation in language, which promote a role for the GPi in lexical-semantic manipulation mechanisms. Concomitant improvements and decrements in postoperative performance were interpreted within the context of additive and subtractive postlesional effects. Relative to parkinsonian cohorts, clinically reliable versus statistically significant changes on a case by case basis may provide the most accurate method of characterizing the way in which pathophysiologically divergent basal ganglia linguistic circuits respond to BPVP.
Application development on Android phone I

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As smartphones/devices are getting affordable, the number of users owning one is ever growing. It is amazing how a palm-sized device can do so much, increasing productivity, revolving around education, to connecting people living distances away, to sharing whatever comes to their mind on social media platforms with just a few taps. Due to the increasing number of users owning a smartphone, the demand and variety for mobile applications have grown as well. Therefore, the objective of this project is to design a multipurpose application that runs on Android powered devices. The application comes in handy in aiding user to overcome language barrier using the text to speech functionality. The application allows the use of camera to capture image and translate recognized words into text; the text could also be translated to speech. It also provides a barcode/QR code reader to decode barcode/QR code to get useful information. Another feature of the application is that it does speech recognition as well so it is able to translate speech to text. The waterfall approach was used to ensure that the overall development process of the application would be successful. Objectives of the project were identified after the requirement analysis. Thereafter, the design and implementation phase were conducted followed by the testing phase to ensure that integrated system with all functions work as expected. The project schedule was closely followed to ensure that tasks were completed on time. The development of the application including function implementation, integration, design and testing was done using the Android Development Tools (ADT). In conclusion, the objectives of the project were successfully accomplished and met on time. The functions of the application have met the end user requirements as well.
Transcript Variants of Genes Involved in Neurodegeneration Are Differentially Regulated by the Apoe and Mapt Haplotypes

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Genetic variations at the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) loci have been implicated in multiple neurogenerative diseases, but their exact molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study we performed transcript level linear modelling using the blood whole transcriptome data and genotypes of the 570 subjects in the Parkinson&rsquo;s progression markers initiative (PPMI) cohort. ApoE, MAPT haplotypes and two SNPs at the SNCA locus (rs356181, rs3910105) were used to detect expression quantitative trait loci eQTLs associated with the transcriptome and differential usage of transcript isoforms. As a result, we identified 151 genes associated with the genotypic variations, 29 cis and 122 trans eQTL positions. Profound effect with genome-wide significance of ApoE e4 haplotype on the expression of TOMM40 transcripts was identified. This finding potentially explain in part the frequently established genetic association with the APOE e4 haplotypes in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, MAPT haplotypes had significant differential impact on 23 transcripts from the 17q21.31 and 17q24.1 loci. MAPT haplotypes had also the largest (256) and smallest (-178) effect sizes measured as beta values on two different transcripts from the same gene (LRRC37A2). Intronic SNP in the SNCA gene, rs3910105, differentially induces expression of three SNCA isoforms. In conclusion, this study established clear association between well-known haplotypic variance and transcript specific regulation in the blood. APOE e4 and MAPT H1/H2 haplotypic variants are associated with the expression of several genes related to the neurodegeneration.
Postbuckling Behavior of Structures Having Infinitely Great Critical Loads*

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT This paper deals with simple structures whose critical loads are infinite, but in the case of small changes in their geometry the critical loads become finite. Their equilibrium surfaces are analyzed, using large displacement theory. Since equilibrium surfaces have singular points, well-known methods of analysis; e.g., catastrophe theory, are not directly usable for the topological description of the neighborhood of a critical point. This is because the function that defines the equilibrium surface has no Taylor expansion at the singular point. It is shown that the Laurent expansion of the function is usable for investigation of the neighborhood of a critical point.
Puccinia miscanthi . [Distribution map].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Puccinia miscanthi . Pucciniomycetes: Pucciniales. Hosts: Miscanthus spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Russia, Far East), Asia (China, Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Heilongjiang, Hong Kong, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Xizhang, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Japan, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan), Africa (Nigeria), Oceania (American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands).
Polynomial-dynamic electric arc furnace model combined with ANN

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Two approaches exist for modeling electric arc furnace, the largest electrical load. Distinct mathematical equations are used as the first approach. However, the process is nonstationary and the equation is limited to 1 form and unable to extract all nonlinear components. Black-box models such as artificial neural networks are used as the second approach. However, using a black-box model for a process with partially known equations is not efficient, as it cannot benefit from known knowledge of the process. This paper proposes a combination of the 2 mentioned approaches. The first phase consists of nonlinear and dynamic terms. The appropriate model orders relate to dynamic and nonlinear terms are attained. In the second phase, artificial neural network is used to model the rest of the nonlinear components, which are not captured in the first phase. Numerous actual records are used to compare the proposed model with several electric arc furnace models.
Reply: Can You Trust What You Watch? An Assessment of the Quality of Information in Aesthetic Surgery Videos on YouTube

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Sir: We would like to thank Dr. Che and colleagues for their interest in our article.1 Our analysis was limited to YouTube, the largest public video-sharing site in the United States, and only English language videos. Dr. Che and colleagues indicate that a similar situation exists in relation to the quality of aesthetic surgery information available on social media in China. Given the tremendous number of social media sites that exist internationally, and the diversity of languages used, we could not investigate all Internet and social media outlets that our patients may access. Our study was also confined to a specific time frame for analysis of the top searches for these aesthetic surgery terms on YouTube. However, not only is the popularity of individual videos changing on a daily (even hourly) basis, but the popularity of specific types of social media is constantly evolving. Dr. Che and colleagues reference WeChat, which encompasses millions of users but is not widely used in the United States. We would encourage our colleagues in China to carry out a study similar to ours but instead analyze the information available on WeChat. This would certainly help quantify how pervasive this problem is worldwide. In recent years, Instagram and Snapchat have grown tremendously in popularity and become additional outlets used to disseminate information to potential patients. This makes the challenge of filtering through the multitude of inaccurate resources even greater. As physicians, it is our responsibility to produce high-quality educational videos about plastic surgery that lay people may access easily and readily. It is nearly impossible to regulate information available on social media and the Internet, thus forcing the onus on the public to discern high- from low-quality material. Not only should we should engage with our societies (e.g., American Society of Plastic Surgeons), we should also attempt to engage third parties such as Google to encourage them to promote high-quality balanced content in the interest of public safety. As the market for plastic surgery continues to grow and evolve, so must the way that we reach out to patients and help them to make informed decisions. Given the size and influence of both American and international markets, a system should be established to direct patients to more reliable and informative sources of data about plastic surgery. We reiterate that, as physicians, we have the responsibility to use social media as a toolbox, not to accrue “likes” but to expand public knowledge of plastic surgery. DISCLOSURE The authors have no relevant financial disclosures to declare.
Quantification Tests for Carbohydrate Detection

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Quantification of carbohydrates by the anthrone method is a colourimetric assay. In this method, first, the complex carbohydrates are hydrolysed in a highly acidic medium, resulting in monosaccharides. Thereafter, these monosaccharides are dehydrated to form 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) or 2-furfural (2-F), followed by reacting with anthrone reagent. This reaction produces a blue-green complex which is colourimetrically determined. In DNSA method 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA), a yellow colour reagent reacts with reducing sugar’s carbonyl group and forms orangered colour compound 3-Amino-5-nitrosalicylic acid (ANSA). The quantity of carbohydrate present in a sample is determined by Beer-Lambert’s law. Apart from these techniques Folin-Wu, Hexokinase, Phenol-Sulphuric acid, Somogvi-Nelson, and GOPOD method are discussed in this chapter in detail.
Choline-Based Ionic Liquids-Enhanced Biodegradation of Azo Dyes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Industrial wastewaters such as tannery and textile processing effluents are often characterized by a high content of dissolved organic dyes, resulting in large values of chemical and biological oxygen demand (COD and BOD) in the aquatic systems into which they are discharged. Such wastewater streams are of rapidly growing concern as a major environmental issue in developing countries. Hence there is a need to mitigate this challenge by effective approaches to degrade dye-contaminated wastewater. In this study, several choline-based salts originally developed for use as biocompatible hydrated ionic liquids (i.e., choline sacchrinate (CS), choline dihydrogen phosphate (CDP), choline lactate (CL), and choline tartarate (CT)) have been successfully employed as the cosubstrate with S. lentus in the biodegradation of an azo dye in aqueous solution. We also demonstrate that the azo dye has been degraded to less toxic components coupled with low biomass formation.
Untangling the relationships between autism spectrum disorder and non-genetic risk factors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been attributed to genetic and non-genetic risk factors. Of the non-genetic factors, prenatal and perinatal complications have been extensively investigated, though few associations have been replicated consistently. We selected 2,562 families with at least one individual with ASD and one unaffected sibling. We investigated the relationships between 29 prenatal and perinatal complications and ASD, while considering the influences of confounding factors, comorbid conditions, and different ASD definitions. Although many complications were associated with ASD in the pairwise comparisons, only haematological disorders of the newborn and lower Apgar scores remained significant after adjusting for the effects of the confounders. After removing individuals with congenital anomalies, only 5-minute Apgar scores were associated with ASD. In conclusion, after considering confounding effects and four ASD definitions, several perinatal complications were associated with ASD with moderate effect sizes. Furthermore, comorbid conditions with ASD appear to be intertwined in these relationships.
Living at the edge of empire: can Christianity prevail and be effective? A theological response to the historical struggle between empire and Christianity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study is an historical delineation of the struggle between empire and Christianity. After presenting characteristics of hegemony, empire and Christianity, imperialistic tendencies and empire are described historically in terms of the domination of the private, social, economic and military worlds of nations. America’s predispositions regarding empire and colonialism, South Africa’s (neo-) colonialism and leanings toward empire in Africa, and the reactions of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches and the Lutheran World Federation are researched and portrayed. The historical research is underscored by a perspective on the concerns surrounding gospel and empire. The study concludes with a theological perspective on Christ’s reign over the entire world, and a brief reflection on how the injustice and self-enrichment of the empire is conquered by his love, service and justice, and the transformative engagement of Christianity with empire.
ANALYSIS OF CAUSE AND EFFECT OF DELAY IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECT: IN CASE OF EAST WALLEGA ZONE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Major Advisor: Dr.Lucy Feleke(PHD) The construction industry in Ethiopia is the fundamental economic sector that transforms of these resources into constructed physical structure; it involves planning, Working, procurement, construction process, maintenance and repair. The research study is about causes and effect of delay on construction project delivery time in East Wallega Zone. The study's primary goals are to look into the factors that contribute to delays in building construction projects and how they may affect its timeliness. Moreover, the study investigates the effects of delay on building construction project delivery time, and to identify the means of minimizing construction delay in construction project. The main approach used to analyze the data was by using the Relative Important Index (RII) technique. With the use of the Microsoft Excel software, the responses were analyzed. Ranking the elements according to their strength of influence was part of the analysis. This study was conducted through survey research design, and the primary data was collected through Questionnaire. Out of the 60 questionnaires sent out, 57 were received back the study found top five causes of delays including fluctuation of price, lack of fund to finance the project to the completion, mistake and discrepancy of contract document lack of effective collaboration among the parties involved, in appropriate over all organizational structure. Also, found the highest five effects of delay mainly were Time overrun, budget overrun, reduced profit, in appropriate resource utilization and dissatisfaction of employer. From the finding recommended that, The Company should make sure the availability of enough budgets during the construction activities. Also, Suitable and planned communication channels must be implemented during the construction process to mitigate the effect of delay on building construction project. Keywords: Delay; time delay; construction work; and construction industry
Competition and government procurement in Malaysia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to study the government procurement regime in Malaysia. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the existing policies on government procurement and to analyse the extent to which these policies are designed in line with competitive principles. This is important to ensure that the government procurement system is not opened to corruption, favouritism, and market distortion and achieves its ultimate objective that is to secure ‘the best value for money’. This research relies on both primary and secondary data. The primary data includes legislation, government policy and report, treasury instruction and circulars. The research also refers to journal articles, conference proceedings and reports as part of the secondary data. However, given the nature of the area which is highly sensitive, the research will not conduct empirical study by way of interview or survey to support the research findings. Despite having a comprehensive regulatory framework to oversee government procurement, the research identifies some weaknesses in the current regime which may expose the procurement activities to potential corruption, bias, and market distortion including: 1. Ambiguity in the implementation of some procurement methods; 2. Lack of transparency in some procurement processes; 3. Expansive preferential treatment to Bumiputera; 4. Lack of an effective review and appeal mechanism in the government procurement regime.