jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Systematic investigation of the barrier discharge operation in helium, nitrogen, and mixtures: discharge development, formation and decay of surface charges

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

As a logical extension to previous investigations of the barrier discharge (BD) in helium and nitrogen, the present work reports on the operation in any mixtures of both pure gases. Using a well-established plane-parallel discharge cell configuration allows to study the influence of the He/N2 mixing ratio on the formation of different discharge modes. Their characterization was made by measuring the discharge emission development together with the formation and decay of surface charges on a bismuth silicon oxide (Bi12SiO20, BSO) crystal. This was realized by the simultaneous application of the spatio-temporally resolved optical emission spectroscopy, and the electro-optic Pockels effect in combination with a CCD high speed camera. The existence diagram for diffuse and filamentary BDs was determined by varying the amplitude and shape of the applied voltage. Over the entire range of the He/N2 ratio, the diffuse mode can be operated at moderate voltage amplitudes whereas filamentation occurs at significant overvoltage and is favoured by a high voltage slew rate. Irrespective of the discharge mode, the overall charge transfer during a discharge breakdown is found to be in excellent agreement with the amount of accumulated surface charges. An exponential decay of the surface charge deposited on the BSO crystal is induced by LED illumination beyond a typical discharge cycle. During the decay process, a broadening of the radial profiles of positive as well as negative surface charge spots originating from previous microdischarges is observed. The investigations contribute to a better understanding of the charge accumulation at a dielectric.
EFFECT OF PHENOLICS ON MODIFICATION OF SEX EXPRESSION AND MODULATION OF LEAF PEROXIDASE IN PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A study was conducted to find out the effect of phenolics on quantitative and qualitative changes on leaf peroxidase (EC.1.11.1.7) with respect to sex expression in Pant Papaya-1, a dioecious variety of papaya. All the test phenolics were found to stimulate female sex expression in papaya. The phenolic compounds not only modified the modulation of leaf peroxidase activity but also affected quantitatively at a specific period of plant growth. Generally, female plants were richer in peroxidase levels than that in male and remained unaffected. Electrophoretic analysis for leaf peroxidases of male and female plants revealed the expression of certain isomorphs de novo (isoperoxidase IP 1 , Rm 0.08-09) while certain isomorphs (IP 6 , Rm 0.23-0.24) could not be expressed at all during the ontogeny of different growth periods. They were found specific to the growth phases. Exogenous application of phenolics induced some marked changes in the pattern of isoperoxidases de novo in both sexes during the ontogeny of plant growth. Such variations revealed not only early expression (IP 1 ) or delayed expression (IP 2 , Rm 0.10-0.11) but also their specific activity either increased or decreased. The isomorphs of peroxidase viz., IP 4 , IP 6 , IP 11 and IP 13 were found expressed de novo while some of the existing isomorphs such as IP 15 (0.48-0.49) were found vanished when compared to those in control plants. Though, the isoperoxidase pattern could not show any correlation with the type of sex, the flowering stage could be signified with the appearance of altogether a new isoperoxidase, IP 2 may serve as a biochemical marker to diagnose flowering stage.
HEXOSE AND PROTEIN TOLERANCE TESTS IN CHILDREN WITH LIVER GLYCOGENOSIS CAUSED BY A DEFICIENCY OF THE DEBRANCHING ENZYME SYSTEM

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Galactose and fructose, administered orally to five children with liver glycogenosis due to deficiency of the debranching enzyme system, were found to be rapidly converted into glucose. A fluctuating glucose curve and a significant rise of blood lactate were observed during oral hexose challenge. Some proteins and amino acid mixtures, administered orally, induced a small and prolonged rise of blood glucose.
Research on concept similarity calculation method based on semantic grid

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Study the concept of similarity is the basis to ach ieve semantic interoperability in the Semantic Grid，but also knowledge representation and information retrieval in an important research content. In this paper, th e ISA hierarchy ontology relationship, considering the de gree of semantic overlap, semantic distance, level, depth, level, based on the gradient to other factors, presents a conceptual ontology similarity calculation. Experim ental results show that the method and the method and the subject ive judgments compared to traditional computing met hods to improve the accuracy of computer similarity.
PMO-147 Recombinant erythropoetin support is equally effective in the treatment of HCV pre and post transplant

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Recombinant EPO is often used in an attempt to improve Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment outcomes in complex patient groups. We assessed if its use was as effective in the post-transplant population as in a non-transplant group that also required EPO support. There is currently an absence of clear guidelines in this area and little evidence to support its efficacy overall. Methods Between December 2009 and July 2010, 57 patients were prescribed EPO while undergoing HCV treatment. In this group, 13 patients who had undergone liver transplantation were identified. These were matched by HCV, genotype, gender and stage of liver fibrosis with a non-transplant group also treated with EPO. Numbers of patients being re-treated for HCV were similar in transplant and non-transplant groups (6/13 and 7/15 respectively). Results 3/15 (19%) in the non-transplant group and 1/13 (7.7%) patients in the transplanted group achieved a sustained virological response to treatment. Discontinuation rates, however, were lower in the non-transplant group (4 vs 8, OR 10.4). The initial Hb was not significantly different between the two groups (mean 12.78 in the transplant group and 13.42 in the non-transplant group, p=0.39). Mean decrement in Hb was similar in transplant and non-transplant groups over the first 8 weeks of treatment (3.07 vs 2.54 g/dl) and the mean time to nadir in haemoglobin was similar in both groups (16 vs 19 weeks). 7/15 (47%) (non-transplant vs 7/13 (54%) transplant patients had a Hb decrement >4 mg/dl on treatment (OR 0.83). Five patients (38%) in the transplant group and 7 (47%) in the non-transplant group required EPO prior to treatment week 8. Median treatment duration was shorter in the transplant group (24 vs 48 weeks). Ribavirin dosages varied widely in both groups and there was significant variation in ribavirin dose reduction strategies. One patient in the non-transplant group developed a deep vein thrombosis and one patient in the transplant group had a CVA while on treatment with EPO. Conclusion Anaemia related to hepatitis C treatment both presents and is managed similarly in both transplant and non-transplant difficult-to-treat populations. The risk of thrombotic events with EPO use is significant should be carefully borne in mind when initiating EPO support. Competing interests None declared.
A New Species of Dicopomorpha (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) with Diminutive, Apterous Males

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new species of Dicopomorpha is described of adults reared from and dissected from eggs of Echmepteryx hageni (Packard) (Psocoptera: Lepidopsocidae). Females differ from the described (South American) species in having funicular segment 2 similar in length to the preceding segment rather than much shorter. Males are completely wingless, lack eyes, and are ≈0.4 times the body length of females. These males, ≈139-240µm long, are the smallest adult insects currently known. A mature female occupies most of the volume of a host egg, but from 1 to 3 mature males may share the host egg with a female. Movement of the male outside of the host egg appears to be limited.
On the fully nonlinear acoustic waves in a plasma with positrons beam impact and superthermal electrons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Arbitrary amplitude ion-acoustic waves in an unmagnetized plasma consisting of cold positive ions, superthermal electrons, and positrons beam are reported. The basic set of fluid equations is reduced to an energy-balance like equation. The latter is numerically analyzed to examine the existence regions for solitary and shock waves. It is found that only solitary waves can propagate, however, the model cannot support shocks. The effects of superthermality and beam parameters (via, positrons concentration and streaming velocity) on the existence region, as well as solitary wave profile have been discussed.
STUDY ON THE RISK MARKERS FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE PERIODONTITIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: To provide insight on the association between periodontitis and atherosclerosis by determining the plasma levels of a series of risk markers for cardiovascular disease in cases with periodontitis. Materials and method: The study was conducted on 29 subjects without diagnosed systemic diseases (17 with severe periodontitis and 12 with healthy periodontium). Fasting blood plasma was analysed for glucose, lipids and markers of systemic inflammation (C-Reactive protein and fibrinogen). The associations between periodontitis and the various substances analysed in plasma were calculated using a multivariate logistic regression model, which compensated for age, gender, smoking and body mass index. Results and discussion: Regression analyses revealed a significant association between periodontitis and the high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) [odds ratio (OR) 4.0, confidence interval (CI) 1.4–11.4] and fibrinogen (OR 8.7, CI 2.6–28.4). Conclusions: Severe periodontitis was associated with increased levels of CRP, glucose and fibrinogen.
An Approach to the History of Golf: Business, Symbolic Capital, and Technologies of the Self

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The connection between golf, businesspeople, and notions of class is common-place in the mass media, but a topic not yet explored in the social sciences. This article seeks to historically and sociologically trace back the association between business and golf by looking at the history of this sport in three nations: Scotland, England, and the United States. I explore the creation of rules of etiquette, the introduction of the handicap, and the socioeconomic composition of golf clubs throughout the nineteenth and early-20th century. In theoretical terms, the article advances Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of symbolic capital and Michel Foucault’s idea of technologies of the self.
Excision of a mediastinal tumor process associated with simultaneous treatment of isthmic coarctation of the aorta: About a case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Isthmic coarctation of the thoracic aorta associated with an ipsilateral mediastinal tumor process is the only case that we have encountered in our experience and no similar case has been reported in the international literature. We report the clinical case of a 6-year-old child presenting severe hypertension associated with a pathological image on the telethorax. CT-guided biopsy of the process revealed a hemolymphangioma associated with CT angiography of an isthmic coarctation of the aorta. The child underwent a successful single-stage operation and benefited from complete excision of the mass with treatment of the coarctation of the aorta. The interest of the case is to underline the congenital nature of the two conditions, independent of each other, and the possibility of treatment in a single stage. This observation shows that we can sometimes treat two different conditions in the same surgical procedure, with a single approach, but taking into account compatibility in the field of asepsis. It is also a plea to broaden the training of thoracic surgeons who must also acquire skills in the vascular field. Keywords: Mediastinal tumor; Hemolynphangioma; coactation of the Aorta; child; surgery; single stage.
Remarkable increase in the detection and molecular characterization of adenovirus F41 in children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan, 2017–2023

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Human adenovirus (HAdV) is one of the causative viruses of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children worldwide. Species F is known to be enteric adenovirus (genotypes 40 and 41) detected in stool samples. In Japan, we conducted an epidemiological study and molecular characterization of HAdV before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic from 2017 to 2023. Among 821 patients, HAdV was detected in 118 AGE cases (14.4%). During a period of 6 years, the HAdV detection rates for each year were relatively low at 3.7% and 0%, in 2017–2018, and 2020–2021, respectively. However, the detection rate increased to remarkably high rates, ranging from 13.3% to 27.3% in the other 4‐year periods. Of these HAdV‐positive strains, 83.1% were F41 genotypes and 16.9% were other genotypes (A31, B3, C1, C2/C6, and C5). Phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the full‐length hexon gene demonstrated that HAdV‐F41 strains were comprised of three clades, and each clade was distributed across the study period from 2017 to 2023. Analysis of deduced amino acid sequences of the hexon gene of the representative HAdV‐F41 strains from each clade revealed numerous amino acid substitutions across hypervariable regions (HVRs) from HVR‐1 to HVR‐7, two insertions in HVR‐1 and HVR‐7, and two deletions in HVR‐1 and HVR‐2 of the hexon gene compared to those of the prototype strain, particularly, those of clade 3 HAdV‐F41 strains. The findings suggested that the HAdV‐F41 of each clade was stable, conserved, and co‐circulated for over two decades in Japan.
States as goal-directed concepts: an epistemic approach to state-representation learning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Our goals fundamentally shape how we experience the world. For example, when we are hungry, we tend to view objects in our environment according to whether or not they are edible (or tasty). Alternatively, when we are cold, we may view the very same objects according to their ability to produce heat. Computational theories of learning in cognitive systems, such as reinforcement learning, use the notion of "state-representation" to describe how agents decide which features of their environment are behaviorally-relevant and which can be ignored. However, these approaches typically assume "ground-truth" state representations that are known by the agent, and reward functions that need to be learned. Here we suggest an alternative approach in which state-representations are not assumed veridical, or even pre-defined, but rather emerge from the agent's goals through interaction with its environment. We illustrate this novel perspective by inferring the goals driving rat behavior in an odor-guided choice task and discuss its implications for developing, from first principles, an information-theoretic account of goal-directed state representation learning and behavior.
Loss measurement in high voltage thyristor valves

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

No measuring method is presently available for direct and sufficiently accurate evaluation of power losses in thyristor valves used in HVDC converter substations and static VAr controllers. This paper presents a measuring method to be be used during the valve type tests with the intention to verify the guaranteed loss characteristic. The method was validated under laboratory conditions by comparison to a sophisticated calorimetric technique. An uncertainty of 1% was achieved at conditions simulating full load operation. Voltage across and current through the valve are recorded in discrete steps and digitized. The loss is then calculated as their product. Special current and voltage sensors were developed to cover a very high dynamic range of the measured quantities. A high resolution, multichannel digital recorder was used for simultaneous registration of two voltage and two current signals. The method is of a general application, since the valve is treated as a two port circuit. Therefore, it can be used to measure loss in other nonlinear components and apparatus, where large dynamic changes of the measured quantities preclude application of conventional techniques.< >
Making it (inter‐)personal: Self‐ and partner‐moderated influence during marital conflict discussions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined how, in the context of marital relationships, influence agents attempt to change their partners' stated opinions, and how influence targets respond to their partners' requests. Guided by a dyadic model of social influence, we hypothesized that the level of perceived closeness of both the influence agent and the influence target should jointly determine the use of particular influence strategies. As predicted, individuals' use of relationship‐referencing tactics in the interactions was contingent on both their own and their spouses' perceived closeness to the partner/relationship. Furthermore, greater social influence was achieved when at least one member of each couple emphasized the use of relationship‐referencing tactics. These findings suggest that relationships are potent sources of influence for subjectively closer spouses, and they provide compelling evidence of the intrinsically dyadic nature of influence in close relationships.
Optic disc biomorphometry with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph at different reference levels

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT. Purpose: The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) is a confocal scanning laser tomograph that produces high resolution optical section images of the optic disc and central retina. Measurement accuracy and reproducibility is good. Several of the stereometric variables depend on the definition of a reference plane level. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the four different reference levels in terms of their advantages and disadvantages in clinical work. Methods: Sixty‐seven randomly chosen eyes belonging to 67 subjects were included in this study. Forty of the eyes were healthy and 27 had glaucoma. The HRT with software versions 1.09 and 1.11 was used to acquire and evaluate topographic measurements of the optic disc. Image analysis was performed at four different reference levels: 320 µm fixed offset reference level (REFd) (version 1.09), an individually determined reference level (REFi), a papillo‐macular reference level (REFm) and a flexible reference level (REFf) (version 1.11). ANOVA was used to determine differences in the topographic parameters between the reference levels. Results: In terms of the healthy eyes, all the variables using different reference levels give rather similar results. However, with advanced glaucoma the measurement values provided with REFd are clearly different to those of the other reference levels. The measurement values using REFm and REFf provide fairly similar results in all clinical groups. REFf indicates the lowest point in the segment between 350° and 356° along the contour line and thus provides the most stable and clinically useful reference level at present. Conclusion: At present, the flexible reference level REFf gives the most reliable and adequate HRT measurement values, both in normal and in glaucomatous eyes.
On the issue of digitalization and digital transformation of the banking sector and their impact on improving the quality of life of the population of the Kyrgyz Republic

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

One of the most relevant, discussed and popular topics in society in recent years is the quality of life of the population. This topic is not only of scientific interest, but also its practical application is important. Improving and improving the quality of life of the population, as a strategic development goal, is indicated in the documents of many countries, including the Kyrgyz Republic (KR). For example, this goal is enshrined in the Concept of National Security of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Concept of Digital Transformation of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2024-2028 and in other documents of the Kyrgyz Republic. One of the main goals of the "Strategic Directions of the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2022-2025" is to increase the availability of digital payment services for the population. This is achieved through the implementation of digital transformation of banking activities aimed at improving the quality of life of the population through the introduction of modern technologies for providing banking services, which are being improved in the context of their digitalization, preceding the process of digital transformation of the banking sector.In this article, the authors reveal the essence of digitalization and digital transformation of the banking sector and their impact on ensuring the quality of life of the population by increasing the level of banking services, using modern digital resources and end-to-end digital processes.
The relationship of voluntary movement to spasticity in the upper motor neuron syndrome.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Hyperactive strethch reflexes in the upper motor neuron (UMN) syndrome are frequently cited as an impediment to volitional movement. The assumption is that neural or mechanical activity of the hyperactive antagonist interferes with agonist function. The validity of this assumption was examined by evaluating quantitative and qualitative relationships between stretch reflexes and voluntary movement.

Sixteen patients with chronic UMN symptoms and 8 normal volunteers were tested. Joint position and integrated electromyograms from primary flexors and extensors were recorded. Quantitated values of (1) reflex response to controlled passive motion by an automated system, (2) a maximal voluntary isometric contraction, and (3) the time required for ten voluntary rapid repetitive movements (RRM) of alternating elbow flexion and extension were obtained.

Passive movement elicited tonic reflexes, which predominated during muscle stretch in patients and during muscle shortening in the volunteers. Ratios of the EMG activity elicited during stretch, shortening, and isometric activity were used as measures of spasticity and were compared with the time for RRM. A positive correlation between elbow flexor spasticity and the time for RRM was shown. Qualitative analysis of the EMG activity during voluntary isotonic movement, however, showed that primary impairment of movement is not due to antagonist stretch reflexes, but rather to limited and prolonged recruitment of agonist contraction and delayed cessation of agonist contraction at the termination of movement.