jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Central pattern generating networks in insect locomotion

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Central pattern generators (CPGs) are neural circuits that based on their connectivity can generate rhythmic and patterned output in the absence of rhythmic external inputs. This property makes CPGs crucial elements in the generation of many kinds of rhythmic motor behaviors in insects, such as flying, walking, swimming, or crawling. Arguably representing the most diverse group of animals, insects utilize at least one of these types of locomotion during one stage of their ontogenesis. Insects have been extensively used to study the neural basis of rhythmic motor behaviors, and particularly the structure and operation of CPGs involved in locomotion. Here, we review insect locomotion with regard to flying, walking, and crawling, and we discuss the contribution of central pattern generation to these three forms of locomotion. In each case, we compare and contrast the topology and structure of the CPGs, and we point out how these factors are involved in the generation of the respective motor pattern. We focus on the importance of sensory information for establishing a functional motor output and we indicate behavior‐specific adaptations. Furthermore, we report on the mechanisms underlying coordination between different body parts. Last but not least, by reviewing the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge concerning the role of CPGs in insect locomotion, we endeavor to create a common ground, upon which future research in the field of motor control in insects can build.
An ‘epidemic’ of multiple sclerosis and falling infection rates? Reflecting on comparisons made and the rising multiple sclerosis incidence in Bach's 2002 New England Journal of Medicine figure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and purpose We set out to revisit and comment on the evidence surrounding a popular figure published in the New England Journal of Medicine (2002), which suggests that the incidence of immune‐mediated diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), is increased by reduced exposure to infections. Methods Commentary. Results We found that, to date (May 2017), this influential article has been cited >2000 times. However, on close investigation of the figure, we noticed some problems. Specifically, we observed several challenges inherent in using ecological data from disparate studies and countries to make conclusions surrounding the temporal patterns and relationships between diseases. For example, the figure depicts incidence data for MS based solely on a limited group of individuals with MS ( n = 637; 455 women and 182 men) living within the region of Sassari on the island of Sardinia, known for its unique genealogy and risk of MS . However, the infectious‐related data were based primarily on large population studies from the USA , with one derived from army recruits in France. Conclusions We encourage the scientific community to apply rigorous, consistent methods in order to confirm or refute whether a strong, direct relationship does or does not exist between the incidence of MS and infectious diseases. Further, our article highlights a major knowledge gap that would benefit from a thorough review of the temporal trends related to MS incidence. Collation of this wide body of knowledge may provide a balanced understanding of this important topic and would best serve the progress of MS research.
PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L.)PADA MEDIUM MURASHIGE AND SKOOG (MS) TERHADAPPERTUMBUHAN EKSPLAN KENTANG (Solanum tuberosumL.) KULTIVAR GRANOLA SECARA IN VITRO

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak tomat yang
berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan eksplan kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) kultivar
granola pada medium Murashige and Skoog (MS).Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan
menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan menggunakan 5 taraf konsentrasi
ekstrak tomat yaitu 0% v/v, 4% v/v, 8% v/v, 12% v/v, dan 16% v/v. Penelitian ini dilakukan
dengan 5 ulangan sehingga total botol yang digunakan berjumlah 25 botol. Data yang
diperoleh dihomogenkan menggunakan Uji Levenekemudian dilakukan uji anara pada taraf
5% dan jika signifikan maka dilakukan uji lanjut dengan Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada
taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penambahan ekstrak tomat tidak
berpengaruh nyata pada tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan jumlah tunas namun, sedangkan
penambahan esktrak tomat berpengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan klorofil a, b dan total.
Kata kunci: Ekstrak Tomat, In vitro, Solanum tuberosum L., Pertumbuhan
[P.D.F Download] Behind Rebel Lines: The Incredible Story of Emma Edmonds, Civil War Spy Full PDF Online

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Nineteen Gladiolus Germplasm

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nineteen gladiolus germplasms were characterized and evaluated in the Research Field of the Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, during November 2017 to May 2018 for identifying suitable line(s) to release as a variety for commercial cultivation. The accession G8 produced the highest number of shoots (3.3) and effective shoots (3.0) per hill. The accessions that produced flower stalk within 75 days of planting included BARI gladiolus- 3 (G1, 58.7 days), G2 (62.3 days), G3 (65.7 days), BARI gladiolus- 5 (G4, 61.3 days), G5 (55.7 days), BARI gladiolus- 6 (G7, 71.3 days), G10 (74.0 days), G14 (73.3 days), G15 (75.0 days) and G19 (67.3 days). The highest rachis length was recorded in BARI gladiolus- 3 (53.7 cm) which was statistically similar with the rachis length of G6 (46.0 cm), G10 (46.3 cm), G11 (47.0 cm) and BARI gladiolus- 1 (G12, 46.3 cm) but significantly differed with other accessions. Most of the accessions in general, produced more than 10 florets per spike. Vase life of the accessions varied and G11 had the highest vase life of 9-11 days and this was close to 9-10 days in G9 and 8-9 days in BARI gladiolus- 3 (G1), G8, G10, G17, G18 and G19. The highest number of corm per hill was recorded in G8 (10.3) followed by G5 (8.7), G16 (8.3), G17 (7.7) and BARI gladiolus- 3 (6.7). Number of cormels per hill ranged from 9.0-941.7 with an average of 237.0. Based on various plant, flower colour, corm and cormel production characters, the gladiolus accessions G3, G5, G8, G9, G10, G11, G14, G16, G17, G18 and G19 may be considered for further study. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2019) 23(2) : 37-48
Lancashire Topography: Lucas's Mss

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Lancashire Topography: Lucas's Mss Get access C. W. Sutton C. W. Sutton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s4-VI, Issue 132, 9 July 1870, Page 35, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s4-VI.132.35b Published: 09 July 1870
LHD Flxloop #177745.1 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Flux loop array measures the slow and weak magnetic fluctuation which appears when the significantly large magnetic island produced by the RMP (Resonant Magnetic Perturbations) coil changes. Applying the spatial Fourier decomposition to the toroidal profile, toroidal mode number is derived. Flux loop array has 9 flux loops set at 1-O, 2-O, 3-O, 4-O, 5-O, 7-O, 8-O, 9-O, 10-O.
Solanum virginianum L. VI066910

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Solanum virginianum L.
Common name(s): Eggplant
Other names: 959463
Conserved by: World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg), Chinese Taipei (Taiwan)
Local sample unique identifier: VI066910
Method of creation: Inherited
Date: 2020-11-09
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Included
Atomic scale smoothing of nanoscale quartz mold using amorphous carbon films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Surface roughness control of end products is increasingly becoming significant, especially with the miniaturization trends in the semiconductor industry. Ultra-thin amorphous carbon (a-C) films offer a prime solution to optimize surface roughness due to their outstanding characteristics. In this study, hydrogenated a-C films are deposited on two-dimensional quartz plates and three-dimensional quartz molds to evaluate the growth mechanisms and changes in the surface roughness, which is supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Results reveal that surface roughness encounters multiple variations until it reaches stable values. These fluctuations are categorized into four different stages which provide a concrete understanding of various growing mechanisms at each stage. Different behavior of the atoms in the top layers is recorded in the cases of normal and grazing incidents of carbon atoms. Lower surface roughness values are obtained at low-angle deposition. Interestingly, surface smoothing is attained on the sidewalls of the nanotrench mold where the deposition occurs with high incident ion angles.
The Use of Postoperative CRP Levels in Patients With Crohn’s Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background : In colorectal cancer, CRP levels on postoperative days 3-4 have a strong negative predictive value for an anastomotic leak, with threshold values of ~15 on POD 3 and ~13 on POD 4. In Crohn’s disease, CRP levels are perceived as unreliable in the postoperative period because of the underlying inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of postoperative CRP levels in patients with Crohn’s Disease and set threshold values for this population. Methods : This is a retrospective study of the medical records of adult patients with Crohn’s Disease who underwent bowel anastomoses, at a single, high volume center. The operations were performed by a single colorectal consultant who is an inflammatory bowel disease specialist, between 1/2012 and 12/2017. Results : 92 operations were performed. Mean CRP levels and CRP threshold values were higher in the study’s population compared with studies on colorectal cancer patients. A CRP level of 19.56 mg\dL on postoperative day 3 had an area under the curve of 0.865 (sensitivity 88%, specificity 73%) and a NPV of 98% for an anastomotic leak. Patients with an anastomotic leak showed a trend towards decreased postoperative albumin levels (p=0.06). Conclusions : Postoperative CRP values are higher in Crohn’s Disease compared with colorectal cancer. Postoperative CRP levels may rule out anastomotic leaks in patients with Crohn’s Disease with threshold values of 20.3 mg/dL in POD 3, 19.5 mg/dL in POD 4 and 16.7 mg\dL in POD 5.
Computational studies on seven helix transmembrane receptors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs) represent the largest family of integral membrane proteins across the three kingdoms of life. They are involved in the vast majority (~80%) of signal transduction pathways across the cell membrane. They respond both to the electromagnetic field and ligands. Very importantly, more than one third of all current drugs target human 7TMRs, called G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). In recognition of the importance of this protein family, the 2012 Nobel Prize for Chemistry has been recently awarded to Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka for “their studies of G-protein coupled receptors.” However, detailed structural data on cellular pathways of 7TMRs is still limited. Hence, computational methods play an important role for structural predictions of 7TMRs as well as their binding to ligands. This thesis is devoted to characterize structure-function relationships in 7TMRs using a variety of computational approaches. We focus not only on the 7TMRs but also on their downstream effectors. First, we have used classical molecular dynamics (MD) to investigate different forms of the Sensory Rhodopsin II in Halobacterium salinarium (HsSRII). This receptor functions as a light sensor mediating repellent responses to the blue-green light. The results allow us to suggest that: (i) the alteration of charge distribution and the rearrangement of water molecules in the active site along with the interhelical hydrogen bond interactions play a key role for conformational changes associated to light absorption; (ii) two extracellular loops, a cytoplasmic loop and the C-terminus may participate to the activation of HsSRII. Next, we have developed a hybrid molecular simulation method called MM/CG to study 7TMR/ligand interactions. The accuracy of the method has been established by comparison with recent atomistic MD simulations on the 7TMRs, HsSRII and human beta2 Adrenergic Receptor. The MM/CG simulations turn out to reproduce the key structural features of the active site, as found also in MD simulations carried out by us and another research group lead by Prof. Ursula Roethlisberger (EPFL). Due to its low computational cost, this method can be applied to the study of a large number of GPCR-ligand complexes. As the final step of the thesis, we have extended the study to 7TMR’s downstream effectors including Adenylyl Cyclase III (ACIII) and Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated (CNG) ion channel, two proteins involved in the olfactory signaling cascade. By using homology modeling approaches, we have built (i) the cytoplasmic domain structure of human ACIII - in complex with human Galpha-subunit of olfactory system, and (ii) the P helix, S6 and the C-linker of CNG channel in the closed and open states. Specially, in the work of CNG channel, in combination with experimental studies, we have proposed the initial conformational changes of the C-linker, S6 and P-helix upon cyclic nucleotide binding.
Acceptability and use of a patient-held communication tool for people living with dementia: a longitudinal qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To assess the acceptability and use of a low-cost patient-held communication tool. Design Longitudinal qualitative interviews at three time points over 18 months and document content analysis. Setting Primary and community services. Participants Twenty-eight dyads: People living with dementia in Northern Ireland and their informal carers. Interventions A patient-held healthcare ‘passport’ for people living with dementia. Primary and secondary outcomes Acceptability and use of the passport—barriers and facilitators to successful engagement. Results There was a qualified appreciation of the healthcare passport and a much more nuanced, individualistic or personalised approach to its desirability and use. How people perceive it and what they actually do with it are strongly determined by individual contexts, dementia stage and other health problems, social and family needs and capacities. We noted concerns about privacy and ambivalence about engaging with health professionals. Conclusion Such tools may be of use but there is a need for demanding, thoughtful and nuanced programme delivery for future implementation in dementia care. The incentivisation and commitment of general practitioners is crucial. Altering the asymmetrical relationship between professionals and patients requires more extensive attention.
Decentralized Prioritization-Based Management Systems for Distributed Computing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract—Fairshare scheduling is an established technique to provide user-level differentiation in management of capacity consumption in high-performance and grid computing scheduler systems. In this paper we extend on a state-of-the-art approach to decentralized grid fairshare and propose a generalized model for construction of decentralized prioritization-based management systems. The approach is based on (re)formulation of control problems as prioritization problems, and a proposed framework for computationally efficient decentralized priority calculation. The model is presented along with a discussion of application of decentralized management systems in distributed computing environments that outlines selected use cases and illustrates key trade-off behaviors of the proposed model. I.
Monitoring the ecstasy market in Australia - challenges and successes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The monitoring of any illegal drug market is complicated by the fact that the activities of consumers and suppliers in the market are illegal, and therefore likely to be hidden from view. The Party Drugs Initiative (PDI) enhances our understanding of the ecstasy and related drug use market in Australia by triangulating information from three sources: surveys with regular ecstasy users (REUs), semi-structured surveys with key experts who have regular contact with REUs, and collation of existing indicator data.
The Joint Effort Workshop as a tool for Knowledge Management and competence development

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cybersecurity is a complex global phenomenon where the risk for individuals, organisation and the society at large are at risk. These risks need to be in focus and solutions for the prevention and developing countermeasures. In this paper, we describe the Joint Effort Workshop as an approach to raise awareness to these threads and the possibility to generate and exchange knowledge between students and experts. We conclude that mechanisms for systematic response to attacks need the developed technical requirements, but foremost human behaviour, knowledge and resilience to response to risks, which can be experienced through the collaborative environment of the Joint Effort Workshop
The effectiveness of spinal mobilisation in the treatment of low back pain: A single case study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

An ABAB single case study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Maitland spinal mobilisation techniques in the treatment oflumbar back pain. Left-side lumbar flexion was taken as the dependent variable. It was predicted that implementation of treatment would result in an increase in left-side lumbar flexion not seen when treatment was withdrawn. This prediction is supported by the data collected. It was concluded that Maitland spinal mobilisation techniques were effective in the short-term treatment of low back pain, although it was suggested that further studies should re-examine subjects at set periods following termination of treatment to assess long-term effects.
Learning communities: Pathways for educational success and social transformation through interactive groups in mathematics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Schools as learning communities have been recommended by the European Commission as an effective model to support school quality and development. Aiming at studying how these schools are achieving such positive results, this article focuses on the analysis of a particular classroom intervention called ‘interactive groups’. A five-year longitudinal case study has been conducted in a socio-economically deprived urban school under the European Union-funded large-scale research project INCLUD-ED: Strategies for Inclusion and Social Cohesion in Europe from Education. Descriptive and interpretative analysis was conducted based on quantitative indicators on school performance in mathematics and including qualitative data from classroom observations and interviews with pupils, parents and teachers. Particularly, the authors aim to explore in which ways and under which conditions dialogic interactions take place in culturally diverse small groups when doing interactive groups in mathematics. Data on school performance in mathematics shows a sustainable improvement over time. Families, teachers and students seem to link the interactions in interactive groups with an improvement in their relationships in the school and in the community. The authors conclude that the dialogical approach identified in interactive groups among students, teachers and parents improves students’ achievement and increases the potential of community-based mathematical interventions in primary classrooms. Lessons learned from this study have informed educational policies in Europe.
Long-Term Use of Nerve Block Catheters in Paediatric Patients with Cancer Related Pathologic Fractures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report three cases of children with osteosarcoma and pathologic fractures treated with long-term continuous nerve blocks for preoperative pain control. One patient with a left distal femoral diaphysis fracture had a femoral continuous nerve block catheter for 41 days without complications. Another with a fractured left proximal femoral shaft had three femoral continuous nerve block catheters for 33, 26 and 22 days respectively. The third patient, whose right proximal humerus was fractured, had a brachial plexus continuous nerve block catheter for 36 days without complication. In our experience, prolonged use of continuous nerve block is safe and effective in children with pathologic fractures for preoperative pain control.