jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Marchiafava-Bignami disease presenting with psychiatric symptoms: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD), characterized by corpus callosum degeneration due to chronic patient with alcohol dependence, is a rare condition. In its clinical appearance, two main subtypes have been identified. It is known as the mild type that progresses with severe and mild symptoms that cause changes in consciousness and coma and can easily be overlooked among the signs of alcohol withdrawal. Although there are some difficulties in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment approaches can prevent permanent disability and the development of coma. There are opinions that the administration of high doses of thiamine, vitamin B complexes, and steroids may be beneficial. In the diagnostic approach, corpus callosum degeneration is detected in brain neuroimaging. The prognosis of MBD may vary from patient to patient. This study, a fifty-six-year-old male patient who presented with atypical psychiatric complaints and was followed up with the diagnosis of MDD with alcohol use disorder is presented. It is aimed to contribute to the literature by discussing the patient's clinical appearance, diagnosis, and treatment in light of current literature findings.
Development of a fuel cell system for Microgrids

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Many countries which including Singapore are more aware of advantages of introducing different types of system into Microgrid. During utility grid disturbances, the Microgrid has ability to separate and isolate itself with no disruption to loads. It also helps to play important parts in the environmental aspects. For instance, it encourages the use of renewable energy sources, and carbon emissions are reduced. Inside the Microgrid, one of the system is the fuel cell system. Fuel cells are renewable energy devices. With the combination of hydrogen fuel and oxygen, electric power is produced. The fuel cell maximum output power rating is 5kW. The fuel cell system full setup is shown in Figure 1.2 (Chapter 1). Investigation, research and detailed study on the fuel cell have to be conducted. The aim of this project is to simulate the fuel cell, boost converter and inverter to study in depth the characteristics of the fuel cell. Further studies include incorporating a hydrogen flow meter to measure the amount of hydrogen gas being consumed for different power ratings of the fuel cell. Through all this data and characteristics collected, a detailed study on the cost and benefit analysis will be conducted. This report introduces the theories, design and development of the fuel cell characteristics. This includes three-phase VSI (Voltage Source Inverter) and DC-DC converter. The simulations achieved by using Matlab/SIMULINK.
Prenatal exome sequencing, a powerful tool for improving the description of prenatal features associated with genetic disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Prenatal exome sequencing (pES) is now commonly used in clinical practice. It can be used to identifiy an additional diagnosis in around 30% of fetuses with structural defects and normal chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). However, interpretation remains challenging due to the limited prenatal data for genetic disorders. Method We conducted an ancillary study including fetuses with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants identified by trio‐pES from the “AnDDI‐Prenatome” study. The prenatal phenotype of each patient was categorized as typical, uncommon, or unreported based on the comparison of the prenatal findings with documented findings in the literature and public phenotype‐genotype databases (ClinVar, HGMD, OMIM, and Decipher). Results Prenatal phenotypes were typical for 38/56 fetuses (67.9%). For the others, genotype‐phenotype associations were challenging due to uncommon prenatal features (absence of recurrent hallmark, rare, or unreported). We report the first prenatal features associated with LINS1 and PGM1 variants. In addition, a double diagnosis was identified in three fetuses. Conclusion Standardizing the description of prenatal features, implementing longitudinal prenatal follow‐up, and large‐scale collection of prenatal features are essential steps to improving pES data interpretation.
Dust-magnetosphere interactions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Many different interactions have been proposed among the magnetospheric particles, fields, and dust grains in the rings of the outer planets. Attention is presently given to the energetic particle absorption signatures obtained by Pioneer 11 and Voyagers 1 and 2, which trace the mass concentrations of particulates in the magnetospheres of Jupiter and Saturn. Particulates immersed in the magnetospheric plasma and exposed to solar UV radiation will charge up to a surface potential that depends on the density and electron energy of the plasma, as well as on the concentration of dust particles. Kinetic effects of charged dust particles arise from the interaction with the planetary magnetic field. Electromagnetic effects are noted which lead to the halo of Jupiter's ring, the dust distribution in Saturn's E ring, and the levitated dust in the Saturn B ring spokes.
Education in Luxembourg

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Overall, reforms and changes in almost all sectors of education were launched over the past six months. In early childhood education, the introduction of the mini crèches made a contribution to a comprehensive implementation of early childhood education and care across Luxembourg, assuring at the same a first contact for the youngest with the multilingual education programme. In primary education, the focus was on quality assurance and on the introduction of assistance measures adapted to learning difficulties and the implementation of inclusive schools. In addition, the production of ICT materials for primary school classes was expanded in 2019. Changes in secondary education took place in the sectors of smart technologies trainings and continued the smooth transition from lower to upper secondary education. Furthermore, changes were made in adapting the end of study exams in secondary education according to international standards. Changes in higher education were based on the four-year-plan 2018-2021 of the University of Luxembourg, focusing on quality assurance, advancing learning and teaching, working on the achievement of international excellence in research, and fostering entrepreneurship. Some actions have been taken, however, others are still on its way and need to be implemented. The challenges to be addressed are the maintenance of multilingualism as an asset of education and training systems at all levels, the ability of the Luxembourgish education system to integrate children and youth from different backgrounds, and the ability to overcome inequalities in learning outcomes. The reforms undertaken form the foundation for addressing the challenges in the short and medium term.
The simulation research of STATCOM based on cascaded multi-level converter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cascaded multi-level converter based STATCOM (CMC-STATCOM), with a topology of modular-cascaded structure, has a wide prospect of applications in both transmission and distribution system. Under the background of application of STATCOM in high voltage power grid, there are many advantages of CMC-STATCOM compared with other kinds of STATCOM. On the basis of mathematical model of main topology, the states feedback decoupled reactive power control strategy based on the d-q coordinate system is studied in this paper, together with the application principle of carrier phase shift PWM modulation method in CMC. The balance of DC bus voltage is a key factor to the stable operation of devices. In this paper, the hierarchical control method is used to achieve a balance of DC bus voltage, and it involves the DC bus voltage overall control and individual control of each cascade module. At last, the simulation results of 10-kV, 1-MVA CMC-STATCOM verify the correctness and effectiveness of the control strategy and modulation method in this paper using PSCAD/EMTDC.
[Closed thoracic trauma and concomitant diseases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Examined were 340 patients with closed thoracic trauma and posttraumatic pneumonia. Often, this complication was revealed in the elderly and senile. Chronic non-specific diseases of the lungs, pneumothorax predisposed to occurrence of posttraumatic pneumonia. The methods for treatment of a given complication have been developed. Diseases of the heart, vascular system in thoracic trauma can cause the aggravation of a patient's state up to lethal outcome.
Effects of degree of milling on phenolics and antioxidant activity of cooked rice during in vitro digestion

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background and objectives The degree of milling (DOM) can affect the phenolics and antioxidant activity of brown rice, but rice as food needs to be cooked and plays its role when passing through the digestive system. Yet, digestion has a significant impact on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of DOM on the phenolics and antioxidant activity of cooked rice during in vitro digestion and how these phenolics and antioxidant activities are affected by in vitro digestion. Findings After in vitro digestion, as the DOM increased from 0% to 12.31%, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH • , and ABTS •+ scavenging activities decreased by 26.8%, 68.5%, 48.8%, and 29.9%, respectively. The maximum release amount of phenolics occurred at the intestinal digestion phase for all cooked rice samples. The increased proportions of DPPH • and ABTS •+ scavenging activities at every stage were not consistent with those of TPC and TFC. Compared with control samples, the TPC and TFC, DPPH • , and ABTS •+ scavenging activities significantly increased in most digested samples. Conclusions The increased DOM resulted in loss of phenolics including flavonoids and phenolic acids in digestion samples as well as in DPPH • and ABTS •+ scavenging activities of cooked rice. The release of phenolics and the improvement of antioxidant activity of cooked rice during in vitro digestion were mainly due to the digestive enzymes. Significance and novelty Compared with traditional organic solvent extraction combined with alkaline hydrolysis, the in vitro digestion model simulated the digestive process of food in the human body, making the evaluation of rice with different DOMs more practical.
Long-Term Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C1 Exposure Induces Soluble Factor-Mediated Immunosuppression by Bovine CD4+and CD8+T Cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Regulatory T cells (T regs ) help control the development and maintenance of protective immunity and can lead to aberrant immune responses to some pathogens. Several lines of evidence suggest that T regs are induced by exposure to superantigens (SAgs) in vitro or in vivo. In this study, bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were exposed in vitro to a relatively low dose (5 ng/ml) of staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 (SEC1) for up to 10 days. Upon stimulation, CD4 + and CD8 + T cells initially proliferated at similar rates. Subsequently, from days 6 through 10, most CD4 + and CD8 + T cells proliferated regardless of Vβ specificity, but the proliferation of CD8 + T cells occurred more vigorously. The transcription of CD25 and CD152 genes increased, whereas that of interleukin-2 (IL-2) decreased. γδ T cells appeared to be unresponsive. An increase in the transcription of IL-10 and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) genes in SEC1-stimulated cultures was attributed to the CD4 + CD25 + T-cell subpopulation. The expression of Foxp3 mRNA also increased and was accompanied by the upregulation of CD152 and the downregulation of IL-2 transcription, suggesting that cells in this subpopulation are T regs . Functionally, SEC1-stimulated CD4 + T cells suppressed the proliferation of naive PBMC in response to heat-killed-fixed Staphylococcus aureus . The suppression was partially mediated by IL-10 and TGF-β, another characteristic of certain types of T regs. The CD8 + T-cell population also suppressed naive PBMC through another mechanism not mediated by IL-10 or TGF-β. These results provide further insight into the potential mechanisms by which SAgs could contribute to evasion of the immune response, affecting the outcome of infection or colonization.
Coping with the Stress of High Stakes Testing

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

SUMMARY SUMMARY High stakes testing puts considerable pressure on schools, teachers, and students to achieve at high levels. Therefore, how schools and individuals cope with this major source of stress may have important implications for the success of high stakes testing. This article reviews relevant theory and research on stress as they relate to public schools and high stakes testing. Particular attention is given to the negative consequences of stress when the external pressure exceeds the ability of the school or individual to cope with the pressure. The article also reviews strategies that can be used by schools, teachers, and students to cope with stress. Key Words: Stress managementhigh stakes teststest anxietycopingprevention
Review of the Scientific Literature on the Topic of Online Dating Services in a Demographic and Social Context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The use of online dating services has surged dramatically in recent years. Concurrently, a substantial body of scientific literature has emerged, analyzing these services from demographic and social perspectives. This review, based on 528 English-language publications from the past 13 years, compiles a bibliographic database and employs content analysis to systematize research directions on the use of online dating services. The classification includes topics such as locations and methods of dating (both traditional and digital), the risks and drawbacks of digital dating services, user actions and interactions, dating goals, marital status, and more. This bibliographic database has helped identify the primary vectors of publication activity on the topic of online dating services over the past 13 years.
Domestic Taxes and the External Debt Laffer Curve

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper highlights the role of the domestic tax system in determining the economic consequences of an external debt overhang. The analysis indicates that fairly strong, and probably unrealistic, assumptions about the domestic tax system are needed to argue that the investment disincentives associated with the debt overhang are large enough to place a country on the wrong side of the debt Laffer curve. A simple taxation scheme is specified, and it is shown that a country can be on the ‘wrong side’ of its debt Laffer curve only if it is on the wrong side of its tax Laffer curve.
Diffusion Abnormality of Corpus Callosum in Alzheimer's Disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This study investigated diffusion abnormalities in the parts of corpus callosum (CC) of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI). Twenty-one patients with AD and 20 healthy volunteers participated in the study. MRI was performed with a 1.5 T system. Conventional MR images and diffusion tensor images were obtained for all participants. We divided the CC into three parts as rostrum, body and splenium. The apparent diffusion coefficiency (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured in all parts. FA values for the CC were lower in AD patients than the values of controls. In AD patients the lowest values were found in the rostrum of the CC and CC body FA values were also lower than the splenium, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. DT-MRI is a promising technique to investigate microstructural changes in white matter regions in AD. Early detection of the disease has been increasingly studied in AD. Further studies with larger populations are needed to confirm the role of diffusion tensor imaging in the evaluation of memory impairment.
Testosterone- and Cortisol-secreting Oncocytic Adrenocortical Adenoma in the Pediatric Age-group

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oncocytic tumors are epithelial neoplasms that occur in various organs, including adrenal glands. Oncocytic adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas are uncommon but well-known pathological entities in adults. However, generally oncocytic tumors, particularly in the adrenal glands, are very rare in the pediatric age-group. Most oncocytic adrenal tumors are not functional. We present a rare case of right-sided, functional oncocytic adrenocortical adenoma in a 5-year-old boy, who presented with clinical manifestations of precocious puberty and Cushing syndrome. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy showed a well-defined mass weighing 8.4 g and measuring 3 cm in maximum dimension. Histological examination demonstrated no features suggestive of aggressive biological behavior. The patient showed no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease and continued to have normal serum hormonal levels 28 months following the surgery. In this report, we discuss the clinicopathological characteristics of this rare pathological entity and briefly review the literature on functional oncocytic adrenal tumors in the pediatric population.
Introduction: German trade in the North Atlantic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Trade from 1400 onwards had an impact upon the North Atlantic region quite out of proportion to its volume. The opening of a ready market for dried fish, in particular, but also cloth, train oil and sulphur encouraged the production for export on a much larger scale than before. In return, a greater range of finished goods and raw materials was supplied by German merchants. Initially, trade was channelled through Bergen, but this system broke down, largely because English merchants sailed to Iceland. From the 1470s onwards, the number of German ships travelling to Iceland and Shetland increased. The Danish government struggled to control the trade in their North Atlantic territories, but first in the Faroes and later in Iceland, they sought to impose greater restrictions on foreign merchants. The Danes licensed ships to trade at certain ports and from 1601 attempted to restrict the trade to their own merchants. The introduction summarizes the history of German trade in the North Atlantic, and outlines its economic and cultural impacts.
Increased matrix metalloproteinase‐2 activity induced byTGF‐β1 in duct cells of human salivary gland is associated with the development of cyst formation in vivo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Proteolytic enzyme activity has been shown to be important for cyst formation. In this study, we constructed a cyst‐like structure in vivo and analyzed molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the lesion. When SV40‐immortalized duct cells of normal human salivary gland (NS‐SV‐DC) were treated with TGF‐βl at a concentration of 1 ng/ml or 5 ng/ml followed by co‐inoculation with Matrigel into the backs of nude mice, they formed large cysts containing fluid when 5 ng/ml of TGF‐βl was used. Analysis of the fluid demonstrated high MMP activity. Immunohistochemical staining exhibited strong reactivity with anti‐MMP‐2 antibody in TGF‐pl (5 ng/ml)‐treated NS‐SV‐DC. Northern blot analysis indicated that the expression of TGF‐β1 and MMP‐2 mRNAs in ceils was greatly enhanced by treatment with 5ng/ml TGF‐βl. These findings suggest that the in vivo cyst formation by TGF‐βl‐treated cells is associated with continuous induction of MMP‐2 activity.
Growth and carbon balance are differently regulated by tree and shoot fruiting contexts: an integrative study on apple genotypes with contrasted bearing patterns

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In plants, carbon source–sink relationships are assumed to affect their reproductive effort. In fruit trees, carbon source–sink relationships are likely to be involved in their fruiting behavior. In apple, a large variability in fruiting behaviors exists, from regular to biennial, which has been related to the within-tree synchronization vs desynchronization of floral induction in buds. In this study, we analyzed if carbon assimilation, availability and fluxes as well as shoot growth differ in apple genotypes with contrasted behaviors. Another aim was to determine the scale of plant organization at which growth and carbon balance are regulated. The study was carried out on 16 genotypes belonging to three classes: (i) biennial, (ii) regular with a high production of floral buds every year and (iii) regular, displaying desynchronized bud fates in each year. Three shoot categories, vegetative and reproductive shoots with or without fruits, were included. This study shows that shoot growth and carbon balance are differentially regulated by tree and shoot fruiting contexts. Shoot growth was determined by the shoot fruiting context, or by the type of shoot itself, since vegetative shoots were always longer than reproductive shoots whatever the tree crop load. Leaf photosynthesis depended on the tree crop load only, irrespective of the shoot category or the genotypic class. Starch content was also strongly affected by the tree crop load with some adjustments of the carbon balance among shoots since starch content was lower, at least at some dates, in shoots with fruits compared with the shoots without fruits within the same trees. Finally, the genotypic differences in terms of shoot carbon balance partly matched with genotypic bearing patterns. Nevertheless, carbon content in buds and the role of gibberellins produced by seeds as well as the distances at which they could affect floral induction should be further analyzed.
Less is More: Optimizing Function Calling for LLM Execution on Edge Devices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The advanced function-calling capabilities of foundation models open up new possibilities for deploying agents to perform complex API tasks. However, managing large amounts of data and interacting with numerous APIs makes function calling hardware-intensive and costly, especially on edge devices. Current Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with function calling at the edge because they cannot handle complex inputs or manage multiple tools effectively. This results in low task-completion accuracy, increased delays, and higher power consumption. In this work, we introduce Less-is-More, a novel fine-tuning-free function-calling scheme for dynamic tool selection. Our approach is based on the key insight that selectively reducing the number of tools available to LLMs significantly improves their function-calling performance, execution time, and power efficiency on edge devices. Experimental results with state-of-the-art LLMs on edge hardware show agentic success rate improvements, with execution time reduced by up to 70% and power consumption by up to 40%.
The Effects of Mutations in a Highly Conserved Site on the Alpha-4 Helix of KIF18A

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

KIF18A is a multitalented mitotic kinesin that promotes chromosome alignment and maintains spindle shape. However, how KIF18A is regulated to perform its roles within the cell is not well understood. To investigate potential mechanisms of regulation, the functional effects of modifications at a conserved serine residue (S284) in the motor domain of KIF18A were examined. We found that mutations at S284 cause altered localization of KIF18A, chromosome unalignment, and spindle malformation. This work highlights the potential for modifications at this conserved motor domain residue to regulate kinesin function.