jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessment of serum and salivary malondialdehyde in patients with oral lichen planus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and Heparanase in salivary pleomorphic adenoma, and to correlate the two studied markers with each other and with clinicopathological parameters including: age, sex, tumor site and histopathological presentation.
Methods: Sections of twenty five formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks specimens of salivary pleomorphic adenoma were immunostained using monoclonal antibodies (Fibroblast growth factor-2 and Heparanase) to assess their expression in this tumor.
Results: The expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and Heparanase were positive in all pleomorphic adenoma cases (100%). The positive expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 was significantly correlated with histopathological presentation (p-value=0.032), but it was non-significantly correlated with FGF-2 and other clinicopathological parameters (age, sex, tumor site). The positiveexpression of Heparanse was non-significantly correlated with the histopathological presentation (p-value=0.088) as well as with other clinicopathological parameters (age, sex, tumor site). Statistically significant correlation was found between the expressions of both studied markers (p-value= 0.0005).
Conclusion: The fibroblast growth factor-2 and Heparanase positive expression was noted in all cases of salivary pleomorphic adenoma signifying that both fibroblast growth factor-2 and Heparanase might contribute in the biological behavior of pleomorphic adenoma. The highly significant correlation found in the expression of both markers suggests their synergistic and cooperative role in the tumorigenesis of pleomorphic adenoma.
Characterization of a Specific Somatomedin-C Receptor on Isolated Bovine Growth Plate Chondrocytes*

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The interaction of somatomedin (Sm) with growth plate chondrocytes (GPCs) is believed to be the primary stimulus of skeletal growth. Using techniques designed to disrupt as little as possible the phenotypic characteristics of GPCs, we have been able to obtain 3-4 x 10(8) viable cells from the major physes of one newborn calf. The availability of these cells plus essentially pure Sm-C/insulin-like growth factor I, the most GH-dependent Sm, has now made possible detailed studies of the interaction of this radiolabeled peptide with the GPC receptor and of the subsequent processing of this hormone by these cells. The enzymatic methods required to free GPCs from their matrix led to loss of receptors, followed by rapid receptor regeneration by de novo synthesis in suspension cultures. Binding of [125I]iodo-Sm-C to GPCs was time dependent and saturable, with optima at 15 C and pH 7.8. At 37 C, binding peaked at 90 min and declined thereafter. Multiplication-stimulating activity, insulin, and nerve growth factor were less potent than unlabeled Sm-C in competition with [125I]iodo-Sm-C for its receptor. Human GH, epidermal growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor failed to show competition even at 10(-6) M. Analysis of the fate of [125I]iodo-Sm-C bound to GPCs at 37 C provided evidence that this hormone is internalized and extruded from the cell in a partially degraded form. Scatchard analysis of [125I]iodo-Sm-C binding to GPCs and to chondrocytes isolated from articular cartilage revealed similar Ka values, but reproducibly 2-6 times more receptors on growth plate than on articular chondrocytes.
Designing an instructional method for developing self-regulation skills at primary schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Dutch Education Council suggests that the primary school curriculum should at least provide a basis for students’ self-development. Since teachers do not feel confident teaching self-regulation skills, this study examined which design best suits an instructional method for independently developing self-regulation skills for primary school children grade 7 (RQ1). Based on practical and theoretical analysis, the instructional method consisting of vlog-videos and practicing files is developed and tested in order to determine its effect on the trained skills (SQ 2.1), the self-regulation skills in general (SQ 2.2) and students’ motivation towards learning in general (SQ 2.3). Quantitative data before and after the experiment was collected to indicate students’ progress in self-regulation. Concluded can be that the degree of self-regulation and especially the skills task-analysis, planning and perseverance has increased. Unfortunately, the results showed that more is needed to motivate students for learning.
THE MOST FASHIOANABLE DREAM OF THE 20TH CENTURY: TURKISH NATIONAL FASHION

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From the 19th century onwards whenfashion was included in daily life, it is often seen as a stronger force thanfamily, social values and administrative rules in formalizing and directingindividuals and social life, and this situation, which regarded as a problem,is associated with the symbolic value of fashion rather than with its products.This article, drawing on novels and periodicals of the early modernizationperiod, first addressed the issue of constructing a national fashion as an alternativeto the Western fashion and then focuses on maturation institutes.&amp;nbsp;
Mysticete whale abundance and observations of prey associations on the central Bering Sea shelf

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Visual surveys for cetaceans were conducted along transect lines in the central Bering Sea in association with a groundfish stock assessment survey from 5 July to 5 August 1999. There were 125 sightings of single or groups of mysticete whales during 6,043km of survey effort. Fin whales were most common (60% of all sightings), with distribution clustered along the outer continental shelf break near the 200m isobath. In addition, there were 27 sightings of minke whales and 17 sightings of humpback whales. Minke whales were primarily found along the upper slope in water 100-200m deep, while humpbacks clustered along the eastern Aleutian Islands and near the USA/Russian Convention Line southwest of St. Lawrence Island. Abundance estimates for fin, humpback and minke whales were: 4,951 (95% CI = 2,833-8,653); 1,175 (95% CI = 197-7,009) and 936 (95% CI = 473-1,852), respectively. These three species were the only ones for which sufficient on-effort sightings were available to estimate abundance. Sei whales, a gray whale and a pair of northern right whales were also seen. Although right whales have been seen in this area before, some behavioural details are provided here because observations of these whales remain rare.
History of the Science of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Through much of recorded history, resuscitation was forbidden. Although written accounts of resuscitation can be found, it is clear that successful reversal of death was thought to have been performed directly by God or through appointed agents. For example, stories of resuscitation in the Bible involve prophets acting clearly as vessels through which God's power restores life (,). In these and other resuscitation accounts, reversal of death was considered the province of God and not something mere mortals should undertake. This "prohibition" against resuscitation was challenged during the Enlightenment, an amazing period of scientific discovery. Starting around 1750, scientists and philosophers questioned the dogma of the past and came to believe that humans could understand and control their own destinies. They wished to discover the workings of the universe as well as the ticking of life itself. To speak of the science of resuscitation one must begin where science begins. And there is no more crucial ingredient to science than the scientific method—a key achievement of the Enlightenment. The intellectual giants of the Enlightenment claimed that the world could best be understood through scientific discovery, and the means to achieve this was the scientific method.
Identification and Selective Precipitation of Human Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Isozymes Using Antibodies Raised to Horse Liver Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Isozymes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes from human liver homogenates were recognized in immunoblotting experiments and precipitated in Ouchterlony double diffusion gels by antibodies raised to the horse liver mitochondrial and cvtosolic ALDH isozymes. The antibody raised to the cytosoRc horse liver ALDH (αHC) has been shown to be specific for cytosolic ALDH isozymes, while the antibody raised to the horse liver mitochondrial ALDH (αHM) precipitated both mitochondrial and cytosolic ALDH isozymes. It was possible to selectively remove the cytosolic ALDH from a homogenate of a liver sample from α Caucasian by preincubation with αHC; the remaining mitochondrial enzyme was then precipitated by aHM in double diffusion gels. The experiments were repeated with a liver sample from an Oriental, presumed to have been alcohol sensitive since no active mitochondrial ALDH was found. The precipitation of a relatively inactive mitochondrial enzyme by αHM from a cytosolic ALDH‐free sample confirmed previous reports of the existence of a mitochondrial ALDH in tissue from an alcohol‐sensitive Oriental. The results of immunoblotting experiments confirm the co‐migration, in electrophoresis, of the cytosolic and mitochondrial ALDHs from the liver of an alcohol‐sensitive Oriental. The results reported here, together with previous observations, indicate that the antibodies raised to horse liver ALDH isozymes can be used to determine the subcellular location of ALDH isozymes in various human tissues, including frozen tissue samples which are not amenable to subcellular fractionation.
The initiation of the magician: transition and power in Graeco-Roman Ritual

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The category of ``magical initiation'' is an anomaly. Scholars generally
identify initiation as a social phenomenon: the passage of initiands from one
social group to another through a ritual process of separation, liminality, and
reintegration.1 The magician, however, is usually understood as a more
solitary figure, and in many cultures as permanently marginal.2 These
considerations did not, however, prevent Arnold Van Gennep from treating
the magician's initiation as a variety of rite de passage, since he recognized the
homologies between the induction of the magician into his profession and
other forms of initiation.3 Interpreters of magical initiations in the GrecoRoman world have similarly recognized the hermeneutic value of these
homologies in their work: the aspiring magician of antiquity had to undergo
a rite of initiation before taking up the profession, and the structure of this
rite, it has been argued, is more or less analogous to that of Graeco-Roman
mystery initiations, and features a good deal of the separation andmarginality
we have come to expect from a rite de passage. Though the third, integrative
stage of Van Gennep's tripartite ritual process was not as salient as in agegroup initiations or those of cult associations, certain rites described in literary
sources and the magical papyri were undoubtedly meant to confer on the
initiand the status and prerogatives of the magician.4
Breeding a low-oxalate rhubarb (Rheumsp. L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SummaryGenetic variation for oxalate content was studied in a Rheum genotype collection. Phenotypic variation of oxalate in rhubarb petioles ranged from 0. 24-2.99 %FW among 572 genotypes. The lowest level in a more thorough examination of selected low-oxalate genotypes from the collection was 0.28 %FW. A low heritability and a long interval between generations are negative factors for future breeding of low-oxalate rhubarb cultivars. Low-oxalate genotypes are, however, characterized by vigorous growth and normal levels of titratable acidity.
Synthesis and aggregation behaviour of two-headed surfactants containing the urocanic acid moiety

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Urocanic acid (3-[1H-imidazol-4-yl]propenoic acid) has attracted great interest in photobiology for many years. We describe here the synthesis of three bolaamphiphiles with two urocanic acid heads having the general structure: UA–X–UA, where UA denotes urocanic acid and X is an alkyl chain of varying length. We show that micellisation occurs with the bolaamphiphile whose alkyl chain length is sixteen carbon atoms. For compounds having a shorter chain length, light scattering and electron microscopy suggest the formation of vesicles. Compared to urocanic acid, the bolaamphiphiles, which can form aggregates in aqueous solution, may act differently on membranes and be used in formulations more easily. Synthèse et agre′gation d'amphiphiles à deux têtes comportant un motif acide urocanique. L'acide 3-[1H-imidazol-4-yl]prope′noïque, ou acide urocanique, possède des proprie′te′s photobiologiques inte′ressantes. Des bolaamphiphiles de′rive′s de cet acide sont susceptibles de pre′senter des avantages sur le plan de la formulation ainsi qu'un comportement diffe′rent au niveau des membranes. Trois bolaamphiphiles de structure AU–X–AU, où AU repre′sente le motif acide urocanique et X est un segment lipophile de longueur variable, ont e′te′ synthe′tise′s et leurs phe′nomènes d'agre′gation en solution aqueuse e′tudie′s. Seul le compose′ pre′sentant une longueur de chaîne de seize atomes de carbone forme des micelles. Pour les bolaamphiphiles ayant des chaînes hydrocarbone′es plus courtes la formation de ve′sicules est observe′e par diffusion de la lumière et microscopie e′lectronique.
Why Have Nanotechnologies Been Underutilized in The Global Uprising Against The Coronavirus Pandemic?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Prior research on nanotechnologies in diagnostics, prevention and treatment of coronavirus infections is reviewed. Gold nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots in colorimetric and immunochromatographic assays, silica nanoparticles in a polymerase chain reaction and spike protein nanospheres as antigen carriers and adjuvants in vaccine formulations present notable examples in diagnostics and prevention, while uses of nanoparticles in coronavirus infection treatments have been merely sporadic. The current absence of antiviral therapeutics that specifically target human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, might be largely due to the underuse of nanotechnologies. Elucidating the interface between nanoparticles and coronaviruses is timely, but presents the only route to the rational design of precisely targeted therapeutics for coronavirus infections. Such a fundamental approach is also a viable prophylaxis against future pandemics of this type.
Elevated expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor facilitates visual imprinting in chicks

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract With the aim of elucidating the neural mechanisms of early learning, we studied the role of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in visual imprinting in birds. The telencephalic neural circuit connecting the visual Wulst and intermediate medial mesopallium is critical for imprinting, and the core region of the hyperpallium densocellulare (HDCo), situated at the center of this circuit, has a key role in regulating the activity of the circuit. We found that the number of BDNF mRNA ‐positive cells in the HDCo was elevated during the critical period, particularly at its onset, on the day of hatching (P0). After imprinting training on P1, BDNF mRNA ‐positive cells in the HDCo increased in number, and tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkB was observed. BDNF infusion into the HDCo at P1 induced imprinting, even with a weak training protocol that does not normally induce imprinting. In contrast, K252a, an antagonist of Trk, inhibited imprinting. Injection of BDNF at P7, after the critical period, did not elicit imprinting. These results suggest that BDNF promotes the induction of imprinting through TrkB exclusively during the critical period.
Dynamic 4D facial capture pipeline with appearance driven progressive retopology based on optical flow

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a production-oriented 4D facial reconstruction pipeline designed to produce high-fidelity facial mesh sequences with a consistently structured topology, while preserving the wireframe structure specified by artists. We have designed and developed a compact, efficient, and fast optical capture system based on synchronized camera arrays for high-precision dynamic 3D facial imaging. Unlike prevailing methods that primarily concentrate on single-frame reconstruction, often reliant on labor-intensive manual annotation, our framework exploits the constraint of appearance consistency to autonomously establish feature correspondence and uphold temporal coherence within the mesh. Consequently, our approach eliminates mesh drifting and jitter, enabling full parallelization for dynamic facial expression capture. The proposed pipeline decouples the non-linear deformation of facial expressions from the rigid movements of the skull through a stable external device. Leveraging progressive retopology, our methodology employs artist-guided templates as priors, ensuring the preservation of wireframe structures across the result sequence. Progressive retopology is achieved by constraining different fine-grained features of 3D landmarks, scan surface shapes, and appearance textures. The results of our study showcase facial mesh sequences with production-quality topology, adept at faithfully reproducing character expressions from photographs while achieving artist-friendly stable facial movements.
A preliminary investigation of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages and vegetation community structure in <i>Calluna vulgaris</i> heathlands in NW Spain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We present results of a primary survey of carabid beetles in Calluna vulgaris heathlands in the Cantabrian mountain range, NW Spain. We selected four heathland sites and captured carabids during July–August 2004 by randomly placing 48 pitfall traps per site (192 traps in total). The mature heathland carabid assemblage was mostly characterised by generalist, open habitat species, brachypterous andmedium-sized species. Several endemic species were also found. Dominant species were the same in the four heathland sites, but differences in the total number of species were due to rarely collected ones. Differences in carabid assemblage composition between heathland sites indicate that care should be taken when selecting a priori heathland replicates for future research. Results from this study are mainly exploratory, showing that there is a characteristic carabid assemblage for these mature heathlands, different from other shrub communities of the same area. Preservation of heathlands in amature stage would require management practices to avoid its natural evolution to a degenerative phase and the possible disappearance of the adapted carabid species.
Enhancing Crystallization and Toughness of Wood Flour/Polypropylene Composites via Matrix Crystalline Modification: A Comparative Study of Two β-Nucleating Agents

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Incorporation of short wood fillers such as wood flour (WF) into polypropylene (PP) often results in a marked reduction of toughness, which is one of the main shortcomings for WF/PP composites. This research reports a facile approach to achieve toughening of WF/PP composites via introducing self-assembling β-nucleating agents into PP matrix. The effect of two kinds of nucleating agents, an aryl amide derivative (TMB5) and a rare earth complex (WBG II), at varying concentrations on the crystallization and mechanical properties of WF/PP composites was comparatively investigated. The results showed that both nucleating agents were highly effective in inducing β-crystal for WF/PP, with β-crystal content (kβ) value reaching 0.8 at 0.05 wt% nucleating agent concentration. The incorporation of TMB or WBG significantly decreased the spherulite size, increased the crystallization temperature and accelerated the crystallization process of WF/PP. As a result of PP crystalline modification, the toughness of composites was significantly improved. Through introducing 0.3 wt% TMB or WBG, the notched impact strength and strain at break of WF/PP increased by approximately 28% and 40%, respectively. Comparatively, although WF/PP-WBG had slightly higher Kβ value than WF/PP-TMB at the same concentration, WF/PP/TMB exhibited more uniform crystalline morphology with smaller spherulites. Furthermore, the tensile strength and modulus of WF/PP-TMB were higher than WF/PP-WBG. This matrix crystalline modification strategy provides a promising route to prepare wood filler/thermoplastic composites with improved toughness and accelerated crystallization.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Iridescent Marine Bacterium Cellulophaga lytica CECT 8139

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Some species of the genus Cellulophaga have been reported as having biotechnological interests and noteworthy physiological properties. We report here the draft genome sequence of Cellulophaga lytica CECT 8139, a bacterium that produces an intensely iridescent colony biofilm on agar surfaces.
Mixed Organic Counterion Strategy Modulates the Self-Assembly of Polyoxometalate Hybrids into Toroids and Affects Their Photochromic and Photocatalytic Properties

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A series of five mixed-counterion polyoxometalate (POM) hybrids 1-5 have been developed starting from the [SiW12O40]4- cluster and two different aryl sulfonium counterions (ASCIs), (4-hydroxyphenyl)dimethylsulfonium (HPDS) and (4-formylphenyl)dimethylsulfonium (FPDS), bearing different functional groups -OH and -CHO, respectively. The HPDS/FPDS counterion ratio in hybrids 1-5 varied as 4:0 (1), 3:1 (2), 2:2 (3), 1:3 (4), and 0:4 (5), and it resulted in a morphological transition of the self-assembly of these hybrids. Hybrid 1 exhibited spherical self-assembly, while hybrid 5 exhibited large toroidal self-assembly predominantly. The hybrids 2-4 gave a mixture of spherical, dimpled spherical, and toroidal self-assemblies in varying amounts, indicating a gradual transition of self-assembly from spherical to toroidal as the percentage of FPDS increases in the system. A plausible explanation for the differences in the self-assembly properties of these hybrids has been proposed based on the differences in the H-bonding interactions of the two counterions with the dispersion medium. The HPDS and FPDS counterions exhibited different HOMO-LUMO gaps, and their varying percentages in hybrids 1-5 led to differences in optical band gaps and photochromic activities. Hybrid 2 showed the lowest band gap value and the best photochromic activity (t1/2 = 0.72 min) in the series. The influence of the mixed-counterion strategy in catalysis has been demonstrated by evaluating the photocatalytic activity of these hybrids toward rhodamine B dye degradation. The hybrid 4, exhibiting stable toroidal self-assembly, showed the best catalytic activity in the series, probably due to a combination of reasons such as the enhanced surface area due to toroid formation and also the presence of H-bonding -OH functionality on the counterion. Therefore, the present study suggests a new method for altering the self-assembly and the materials and catalytic properties of POM hybrids through a mixed-counterion strategy.