jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Efficiency of the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget Policy in South Sumatra: Islamic Perspective Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Effective and efficient management of state finances has an essential role in Islam. This exploratory, descriptive study aims to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of state revenue and expenditure budget policies in South Sumatra from an Islamic perspective. This research was conducted at the South Sumatra Provincial Government, especially at the South Sumatra Provincial Archives Service. Data were obtained from interviews, observations, and secondary sources, such as regional financial reports and South Sumatra audit reports, published publicly. Analysis of data on the ratio of effectiveness and efficiency is calculated by comparing the realization of APBD revenues with revenue targets. The results of the study show that the implementation of state revenue and expenditure budget policies in South Sumatra has been effective and efficient. In addition, the realization of the budget is also the same between the expected targets and the results obtained in the implementation of the state revenue and expenditure budget policy in South Sumatra. The principles of Islamic economics in the context of state financial management are based on fairness, justice and social welfare, and emphasize the importance of ethical behavior and transparency in economic transactions. It is very important to ensure that the government's revenue and expenditure policies are in line with the general objective of increasing social welfare and ensuring economic equity. The findings of this study indicate that the Provincial Government of South Sumatra has effectively implemented revenue and expenditure policies that are in line with sharia economic principles.
Measurement Invariance of and Mean Differences on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) for LGBT and Cisgender, Heterosexual Individuals

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) is used as a self-report measure of nonspecific psychological distress. Although research documents higher K6 scores among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals relative to cisgender, heterosexual individuals, measurement invariance of the K6 has not been established between these groups. We used multigroup confirmatory factor analysis to examine factorial invariance of the K6 between 1,765 LGBT and 20,632 cisgender, heterosexual individuals who completed the Well-Being and Basic Needs Survey. The K6 exhibited configural, weak/metric, and strong/scalar measurement invariance between groups, suggesting that it operates equivalently for both groups. We then examined differences in latent mean K6 scores between groups and differences in the percentage of individuals in each group who met a threshold for serious psychological distress (scores ≥ 13). The latent K6 mean and the percentage of individuals who met the threshold for serious psychological distress were both significantly higher for LGBT than for cisgender, heterosexual individuals.
Estrogen and the estrogen receptor in ZSF1 rats with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements None. Background Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is more prevalent in women, so declining estrogen levels after menopause may be involved in genesis of the disease. Estrogen is cardio-protective, affecting blood pressure and vasodilatation and endothelial dysfunction is discussed as HFpEF pathomechanism. However, the potential connection between HFpEF and estrogen levels remains poorly understood. The well-established HFpEF ZSF1 rat model was used to analyze endothelial dysfunction, and a pronounced imbalance of the NO synthase substrates arginine and homoarginine was observed. Of note, estrogen levels in woman are directly and positively associated to homoarginine levels. Purpose We characterized serum estrogen levels and the expression of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in the hearts of female ZSF1 HFpEF rats to investigate a possible contribution of estrogen signaling in HFpEF manifestation and to evaluate the suitability of this animal model in the context of estrogen and HFpEF. Methods In total, 12 obese ZSF1 rats with HFpEF (O-ZSF1) and 12 lean healthy ZSF1 rats (L-ZSF1) at 20 weeks of age and 5 animals of either phenotype aged 32 weeks were analyzed. Further, six O-ZSF1 rats were supplemented with homoarginine (hArg) when HFpEF was manifest and were observed up to 32 weeks of age. The manifestation of HFpEF was confirmed by echocardiography and determination of NT-proBNP by ELISA. Circulating estradiol (E2) in serum was determined using ELISA. Expression of the estrogen receptor alpha was determined by Western Blot analysis in the left ventricle (LV), septum and right ventricle (RV). Results Serum estradiol levels were similar in age-matched L-ZSF1 and O-ZSF1, but were ~2-fold increased at an age of 32 weeks compared to 20 weeks (p=0.002). The canonical ERα-66kDa was very weakly expressed in all tissues. ERα-45kDa expression in the LV was lower in O-ZSF1 at an age of 20 weeks (-46%, p=0.008) and at 32 weeks (-46%, p=0.002). ERα-45kDa expression in LV was 2-fold higher than in septum and 5-fold higher than in RV in rats aged 20 weeks (p&lt;0.001). In RV, no differences in ERα-45kDa expression were observed. Supplementation of O-ZSF1 with hArg reestablished the ERα-45kDa expression in the LV (p=0.005 vs. O-ZSF1 without supplementation). Conclusion The manifestation and progression of HFpEF in ZSF1 rats is accompanied by a decrease of the ERα-45kDa expression in the LV, whereas the RV is not affected. Supplementation with homoarginine normalizes ERα-45kDa expression. The ERα-45kDa isoform was found to suppress the transcriptional activity of the classical ERα-66kDa isoform and to be an acute regulator of endothelial NO synthase in response to estrogen. These results suggest that altered ERα expression in the LV may represent a novel pathomechanism in HFpEF. In combination with decreasing estrogen levels in woman, adverse consequences for NO production in the LV seem likely.
The effect of jump topspin serve speed on reception quality in men’s volleyball

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The essential activities contributing to winning a volleyball game are serve, offense, and block. The study aimed to determine if the increasing speed of the jump topspin serve negatively affects the reception quality. Methods: The serve speed was measured in sixty-five professional volleyball players. A total of 1270 jump topspin serves were analyzed. The quality of the reception after the serve was evaluated on a 6-level scale: (1) Serve error, (2) Perfect, (3) Good, (4) Negative, (5) Half error, (6) Ace. Results: The average speed of the analyzed serves was 88.2 km·h-1 . The Kruskal-Wallis test points to a statistically significant difference between the quality of reception based on the speed of serve (p < 0.001; η 2 = 0.16). The large effect (Hedges’ g) between the quality of reception based on the speed of serve was: Perfect vs. Negative (g = -1.1); Perfect vs. Half error (g = -1.14); Perfect vs. Ace (g = -1.27). The chi-square test showed a statistically significant association between reception quality and serve speed categories (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The increasing speed of the jump topspin serve significantly affects the reception quality. If the speed of the topspin serve exceeds 92 km·h-1 , it can be a great benefit for the serving team, although the risk of serve error increases.
Continuous reduction of uranium tetrafluoride

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Operation of a pilot-scale system for continuous metallothermic reduction of uranium tetrafluoride (UF{sub 4} or green salt) has been initiated. This activity is in support of the development of a cost- effective process to produce uranium-iron (U-Fe) alloy feed for the Uranium-Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (U-AVLIS) program. To date, five runs have been made to reduce green salt (UF{sub 4}) with magnesium. During this quarter, three runs were made to perfect the feeding system, examine feed rates, and determine the need for a crust breaker/stirrer. No material was drawn off in any of the runs; both product metal and by-product salt were allowed to accumulate in the reactor.
Fructose Malabsorption is Associated with Decreased Plasma Tryptophan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fructose malabsorption is associated with lower tryptophan levels that may play a role in the development of depressive disorders. High intestinal fructose concentration seems to interfere with L-tryptophan metabolism, and it may reduce availability of tryptophan for the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). Fructose malabsorption should be considered in patients with symptoms of depression and disturbances of tryptophan metabolism.
Global Finite-Time Output-Feedback Stabilization of Nonlinear Systems Under Relaxed Conditions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article presents a first constructive solution to the global finite-time output feedback stabilization of a large class of lower triangular nonlinear systems under relaxed conditions. The key idea is to introduce a switching strategy in the control design scheme. Unlike the previous literature, the nonlinearities of the systems are assumed to satisfy a general Hölder continuous condition, which include Lipschitz continuous nonlinearities as a special case. Global finite-time stability of the closed-loop observer-controller systems is proved by means of innovative Lyapunov-based analytical techniques. A benchmark practical example of controlling the single-link robotic manipulator coupled to a dc motor is adopted to illustrate the proposed method.
General Fund Financing, Earmarking, Economic Stabilization, and Welfare

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Discussion has been made concerning the pros and cons of financing public projects via either earmarking or a general fund. The article studies the desirability of earmarked and general fund financing based on economic stabilization in a two-sector growth model. Regardless of the nature of public goods, earmarked taxes contribute to aggregate stabilization, while general fund financing may be destabilizing and cause fluctuations. The underlying mechanism in favor of earmarked taxes against general fund financing is that general fund financing creates intersectoral externalities and strategic complementarities that are sufficiently large to exert endogenously persistent and recurring fluctuations in aggregate activities in the absence of shocks to fundamentals. Earmarked taxing generates only sector-specific externalities that are too small to exert local indeterminacy. In a calibrated version, we compute the level of long-run welfare, and the results reflect favorably on the use of earmarked taxing.
Cauliflower Mosaic Viral Promoter - A Recipe for Disaster?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Concerns have been raised over the spread of transgenic DNA by horizontal gene transfer. One main factor determining the success of horizontal gene transfer is its tendency to recombine. This paper examines the safety implication of recent revelations on the recombination hotspot of the cauliflower mosaic viral (CaMV) promoter, which is in practically all current transgenic crops released commercially or undergoing field trials. As a precautionary measure, we strongly recommend that all transgenic crops containing CaMV 35S or similar promoters which are recombinogenic should be immediately withdrawn from commercial production or open field trials. All products derived from such crops containing transgenic DNA should also be immediately withdrawn from sale and from use for human consumption or animal feed.
Multifaceted Chemico-Pharmacological Insights into Cynometra ramiflora L.: Unveiling its GC-MS, Cytotoxic, Thrombolytic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, Anti-Diarrheal, Hypoglycemic, and Analgesic Potentials

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the chemico-pharmacological properties of methanolic extractives derived from Cyanometra ramiflora leaves, encompassing a spectrum of activities including cytotoxic, thrombolytic, membrane-stabilizing, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, hypoglycemic, and analgesic effects. Methods: Phytomolecules were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), while antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total phenolic content tests. Cytotoxicity was determined through the brine shrimp bioassay, while thrombolytic activity was evaluated via clot lysis assays, and membrane-stabilizing effects were investigated for potential anti-inflammatory properties. In-vivo experiments using mice were conducted solely with the methanolic extract to assess central and peripheral analgesic, hypoglycemic, and antidiarrheal properties. Results: The presence of 47 compounds in the methanolic extract, with tetratriacontyl pentafluoropropionate (9.25%), pentatriacontane (8.75%), and 2-methylhexacosane (5.9%) being predominant. The dichloromethane-soluble fraction exhibited the highest cytotoxicity, with a 50% lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of 11.05 µg/mL. Both petroleum-ether and methanol-soluble fractions demonstrated more than 50% lysis in thrombolytic activity assays. Under hypotonic and heat-induced conditions, the ethyl acetate and dichloromethane-soluble fractions of C. ramiflora significantly reduced erythrocyte hemolysis. Notably, the methanol-soluble fraction exhibited significant antioxidant potential with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 17.71 μg/mL compared to the standard EDTA (IC 50 = 75.94 μg/mL). The hypoglycemic investigation revealed a 63.73% reduction at 90 min with a 600 mg/kg dose, while mild antidiarrheal activity was observed with a 37.5% reduction in diarrhea at 4 h intervals. Significant analgesic effects were demonstrated in both central and peripheral tests, with a 68.53% reduction in writhing during the peripheral test and an average tail immersion time of 5.38 s at 90 min. Conclusion: C. ramiflora leaves show promise as natural sources for various pharmacological activities, including cytotoxicity, thrombosis, inflammation, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and analgesic effects. However, further comprehensive research is recommended to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action and analyze the phytochemical composition of C. ramiflora plants.
Medium effect on photon production in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The effect of in-medium vector and axial-vector meson masses on photon\nproduction is studied. We assume that the effective mass of a vector meson in\nhot nuclear matter decreases according to a universal scaling law, while that\nof an axial-vector meson is given by Weinberg's mass formula. We find that the\nthermal production rate of photons increases with reduced masses, and is\nenhanced by an order of magnitude at T=160 MeV with $m_\\rho=300$ MeV. Assuming\na hydrodynamic evolution, we estimate the effect of the reduced masses on\nphoton production in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The result is compared to\nexperimental data from the WA80/WA98 collaboration.\n
Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Nonavalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (Escherichia coli) in Healthy Chinese Women Aged 18–45 Years: A Phase 1 Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination substantially alleviates cervical cancer burden. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant nonavalent HPV vaccine. Methods: A dose-escalating phase 1 clinical trial was conducted in Sheyang County, Jiangsu Province, China. Each participant received either the test vaccine or the control vaccine (Gardasil 9) following a 0/2/6-month schedule. Adverse reactions (ARs) within 7 days after vaccination, adverse events (AEs) within 30 days, and serious adverse events (SAEs) throughout the study were recorded. Blood parameters were measured before and 3 days after each dose. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against nine HPV types were analyzed at months 0, 3, and 7. Results: A total of 160 women aged 18–45 years were enrolled, and 155 participants completed the full vaccination regimen. Within 7 days following vaccination, the incidence of ARs ranged from 56.67% to 90.00%, with the low-dose group showing a significantly higher rate than the control group (p = 0.004). Most AEs were mild or moderate, and no vaccine-related SAEs occurred. No significant differences were observed among the four groups regarding the incidence of abnormal laboratory findings. Seroconversion rates for nAbs and IgG against nine HPV types exceeded 97.92% following three doses. High levels of nAbs and IgG were observed at months 3 and 7, with geometric mean titers (GMTs) showing further increases by month 7. Conclusions: This new recombinant nonavalent HPV vaccine exhibits good tolerability and strong immunogenicity among women aged 18–45 years, supporting further efficacy studies in larger populations.
Worry, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and health behaviors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research has generally shown that worry leads to a decrease in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and cardiac vagal activity. Low vagal activity has been associated with a variety of physical ailments, including cardiovascular disease. However, research has also revealed inconsistencies in the relationship between worry and RSA, and the assessment of possible moderating relationships is lacking. The present study investigated the relationships among trait and induced worry on RSA, as well as a number of health behavior moderators, in a sample of undergraduate students. One hundred-fifteen participants completed a pretest measure of worry along with a number of protective health behavior measures. While having their heart rate measured (RSA), participants engaged in a 10-minute baseline condition, a 5-minute worry condition, a 5-minute control condition, and a 10-minute recovery condition. Consistent with predictions, high trait worriers who reported higher levels of physical activity displayed significantly higher levels of RSA, relative to high trait worriers who also reported lower levels of physical activity. Moreover, the same effect was not found for low trait worriers. Possible cardiovascular health implications, as well as implications for effects of physical activity on worry from an afferent perspective, are discussed.
Determination of The Loss Ratio on Some Melon Varieties From The Melon Fly, Myiopardalis pardalina (Bigot, 1891) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It is wel known that the homeland of the Melon (Cucumis melo), which is a one-year reptile body, belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, is Asia. Iran, Caucasus, Turkey, Afghanistan and melon species that are encountered in the wild in Turkistan form and is believed that it was spread to the world from the regions concerned. Melon fly, Myiopardalis pardalina (Bigot, 1891) (Diptera:Tephrtidae) is one of the most important pests in melon grown areas in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. When the melon approximately reaches the size of a hazelnut, the larvae hatched from the eggs that have been left by the female in the fruit shell feed on the flesh and move towards the house of fruit seed with the tunnels they open, leading to various damages. Such damaged melons are not preferred by consumers. Moreover, invincible losses decrease the commercial market value of melon. In this research, data related to different methods of struggle of melon fly which has caused significant economic losses in Southeastern Anatolia region were obtained in the nature conditions. This study was carried out in Diyarbakır Province Çınar District Şükürlü Village (Diyarbakır city, Turkey) in 2018-2019 under field conditions. Four melon varieties (Balhan, Balözü, VT21B and the local variety Winter melon "sliced" local genotype "VN2136") were taken into the experiment and designed with 3 replications. In order to determine the damage rate of the melon fly, 100 fruits were checked in each melon variety parcel. Control procedures were carried out weekly, counts were made and continued until the end of the season. Fruits with dishes were removed from the application plots. In the experiment studies carried out to identify the number of holes in the melon fruits, it was detected that there was no difference when considering the hole number between Balözü, Balhan, Local (winter melon "sliced" local genotype "VN2136") and VT21 melon varieties. when the data collected from this study were under analysis it was revealed that, the lowest number of holes was found in Domestic (Winter melon "sliced" local genotype "VN2136") melon varieties, and the highest hole number was found in Balözü melon variety. In this study, the damage rates of melon fly on some melon varieties were determined.
Reliability-Based Safety Evaluation of Headlight Sight Distance Applied to Road Sag Curve Standards

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sight distance is key to ensure safe road geometric design under all circumstances. Road design standards propose models simulating nighttime driving that contemplate the features of vehicle frontlighting systems to address the design of sag curves. These models are based on a deterministic approach, which is known to present a number of drawbacks. It neglects the stochastic nature of the variables involved and, therefore, no information is available about the safety margin of the design output. As opposed to design based on deterministic methods, probabilistic methods overcome these inconveniences providing a solid approach to broach the analysis of sag curves. This research study applied a probabilistic approach to evaluate the risk level (probability of noncompliance, Pnc) associated to sag curve designs, and assessed the effect of the variables involved in headlight sight distance (HSD) on the Pnc. The required stopping sight distance was considered not to be met when it exceeded the HSD. A total of 71,334 case studies were generated by combining the range of values of the variables involved in the HSD as per the Spanish geometric design standard. The risk level associated to each case was calculated by means of a Monte Carlo simulation. The results showed that variables modeling headlight features significantly affect the risk level. Moreover, the risk associated to design outputs that are considered equivalent by the standard varies significantly. Therefore, the use reliability theory in the development of standards and design guides is recommended.