jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Mutagenicity and Oxidative Stress of Beta-Cyfluthrin after Sub-chronic exposure in male Albino Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Beta-cyfluthrin, a pyrethroid type II compound, is one of the most used insecticides on agriculture and household, but its long-term side effects to humans need further study. The oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of Beta-cyfluthrin were demonstrated after 90 days. Twenty adult male albino rats weighing (120g±10%), were assigned into four groups of five males each. The first group served as a control, while the other two groups provided oral sub-lethal doses with doses of 4.8 and 2.88 mg kg-1 b.w., and the fourth group is a positive control group. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Malondialdehyde level (MDA) were estimated as oxidative stress biomarkers. Cytotoxicity was measured by a micronucleus assay, while the mutagenic effect on the tumor suppressor gene (p53) was analyzed using the single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique. The results showed that SOD significantly decreased in both high and low doses. The CAT and MDA showed a significant increase in the high dose group without insignificant changes in the low dose group compared to the control group. The high dose of Beta-cyfluthrin induced cytotoxicity indicated by a significant increase in the number of micronuclei in the normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) in the bone marrow. The acrylamide gel genotoxicity test did not show mutations in the P53 gene. This study demonstrated that Beta-cyfluthrin conducted oxidative stress and micronuclei but did not show alternation of the P53 gene.
Essay on Total Knee Arthroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patient selection in total knee arthroplasty can be a difficult problem for the surgeon. It appears that more young patients are appearing with advanced arthritis of the knee than in the past. Many patients have had previous knee injuries resulting in premature development of degenerative arthritis. The authors believe that in selected cases total knee arthroplasty may be offered to younger patients. Young patients incapacitated by rheumatoid or inflammatory arthritis should not be denied reconstruction by total knee arthroplasty. The problem arises in the more active patient in his forties or fifties who has advanced arthritis of the knee not suitable for treatment by other means. The authors believe that these patients should not be treated by conventional total knee arthroplasty. On an experimental basis, the authors have been performing cementless total knee arthroplasty in younger, more active patients with disabling arthritis. Precision of surgical technique is critical with the newer cementless type of knee replacement.
Life History of Redside Shiners, Richardsonius balteatus, with Particular Reference to Movements In and Out of Sixteenmile Lake Streams

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Movements of shiners through two-way traps on inlet and outlet streams of a small British Columbia lake were studied from 1956 to 1962. The date on which adults first entered the inlet each spring corresponded to the first rise of daily maximum stream temperature above 10 °C. Days on which increased numbers of shiners ascended the inlet were positively associated with days of rising daily maximum water temperature, and were not associated with water levels. Egg deposition occurred both in daylight and darkness. Downstream movement of shiner fry was greatest during periods of turbidity, and occurred largely during darkness. Shiners first spawned at age III or older; some lived to age V or VI. Number of adult shiners over 79 mm fork length was estimated by Petersen marking experiments to be about 13,000 in the 42-acre lake. A large interchange of adults took place in some years between the lake and parts of the watershed upstream; a small interchange occurred downstream. Many shiners entered a stream more than once each year. Many survived to spawn in two or more successive years. Movement into the streams varied markedly in different years and was small compared with the number of adults in the lake. Homing is suggested as a mechanism which determines the proportion of inlet-, outlet-, and lake-spawning in this species.
In vivo Molecular Labeling of Halogenated Volatile Anesthetics using Adaptively Phase-modulated Femtosecond Pulses

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We determined the low-frequency vibrational modes of sevoflurane and isoflurane, two of the most representative volatile anesthetics, by anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy using adaptively phase-modulated femtosecond pulses. These modes were found to be associated with multiple halogen atoms. Because halogen atoms rarely appear in biological compounds, the entire spectral landscape of these modes is possibly a good marker for investigating the spatial localization of these drugs within the intracellular environment. We detected the unique CARS signal of sevoflurane for the first time in a live squid giant axon.
Facilitators and Barriers to Adopting Evidence-Based Physical Education in Elementary Schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: Evidence-based physical education (EBPE) programs have increased physical activity (PA) by as much as 18%, yet widespread adoption has not occurred. Understanding school facilitators and barriers to PE should prove useful to EBPE dissemination efforts. Methods: Pairs of principals and PE teachers from 154 schools (75 Adopters and 79 Non-Adopters) from 34 states completed questionnaires. Differences between Adopter and Non-Adopter schools were tested using t tests or Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests and chi-square analyses. Results: Principals and teachers reported distinct PE curriculum adoption decision making roles, but few viewed themselves as very involved in program evaluation. Teachers in Adopter schools were more satisfied with PE program outcomes and had greater involvement in teacher evaluation and program decision making. Compared with teachers, principals were generally more satisfied with their school’s PE program outcomes and did not share the same perceptions of PE barriers. However, principals also demonstrated a general lack of PE program familiarity. Conclusions: To facilitate EBPE adoption, dissemination efforts should target both principals and PE teachers. Increasing principal’s knowledge may be instrumental in addressing some teacher perceptions of barriers to PE. Strategic advocacy efforts, including targeting policies that require PE program evaluation, are needed.
Wavefront preserving and high efficiency diamond grating beam splitter for x-ray free electron laser

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) provide femtosecond high-power x-ray beams with high spatial coherence, resulting in numerous influential discoveries. Diffractive optics allow for the easy manipulation and measurement of an x-ray beam’s wavefront and enable the realization of complex designed properties and specifications. For example, phase gratings can be used as x-ray beam splitters to enable beam sharing by multiple end stations or in-situ beam monitoring, including spectrum and wavefront measurements. Wavefront preservation and high efficiency and survivability under high power are requirements for such beam splitters. Diamond is the most suitable choice for phase grating fabrication, due to its high thermal conductivity that enables it to survive high average power XFEL beams. We have fabricated a large area (2×2 mm 2 ) high aspect ratio (13:1) diamond grating on a diamond plate. Testing was performed at 9.5 keV and resulted in a high splitting efficiency (30%). Tunable efficiency was obtained via tilting the grating with respect to the x-ray beam. Wavefront fidelity of the split beams were measured to less than λ /100 using a Talbot wavefront sensor.
Subcortical Centers as Pacemakers of Cortical Activity.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In continuation of a previous investigation1 in which the effect of anoxia and asphyxia on normal and convulsive potentials of the cortex was studied, experiments were undertaken to determine the hypothalamic-cortical relations under these conditions. All experiments were performed on curarized “Dial” cats (intocostrin, artificial respiration) in which after exposure of the brain cortical, hypothalamic, and thalamic potentials were recorded with mono- and bipolar silver electrodes.
Review of Michaelis, Maurer, Haspelmath, Huber & Revis (2013):The Survey of Pidgin and Creole LanguagesEnglish-based and Dutch-based languagesPortuguese-based, Spanish-based, and French-based languagesContact languages based on languages from Africa, Asia, Australia and the Americas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Preview this article: Michaelis, Susanne; Philippe Maurer; Martin Haspelmath & Magnus Huber (eds., in collaboration with Melanie Revis). 2013. The Survey of Pidgin and Creole Languages, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/sl.39.2.09lef-1.gif
Discrimination of frequency transitions as a function of varying spectral cues among young and elderly adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Next to the changes that are noted in hearing sensitivity loss, the deterioration in speech discrimination is the most commonly recognized characteristic of age-related changes in auditory function. This well-documented reduction in speech discrimination is a pivotal auditory problem associated with aging given that elderly individuals without a high sensitivity loss report difficulty in understanding speech in optimum conditions; that is speech perception difficulties are greater than would be expected on the basis of pure tone sensitivity levels. One relevant aspect underlying the difficulties that elderly adults experience may be a function of the brevity and rapid spectral changes which characterize some speech segments. Indeed, reduced spectral and temporal resolution has been reported for elderly listeners who demonstrate normal pure tone thresholds (Cranford and Stream, 1991; Maden and Feth, 1992; Robin and Royer, 1989; Trainor and Trehub, 1989). The authors investigated how various spectral characteristics influence discrimination of short duration, dynamic signals as a function of age
Three hundred thousand children: The public health verdict against new coal

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Coal kills. It really is as straightforward as that. Every stage of coal extraction and use – the mining, transportation and burning of coal to feed our energy needs – brings with it known hazards that endanger lives. Furthermore, because burning coal for electricity is a major driver of global warming, the deleterious health impacts of coal also extend through space and time, creating increasingly complex challenges fo r human health and survival...
New strategies for the removal of template from the ion and molecularly imprinted polymers: Application to the fast and on-site Cr(VI) detection with a smartphone

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The extraction of templates from MIPs is not an easy task as well known, because of the high affinity between monomers and templates. Herein, a new strategy for the immediate removal of the template was developed. Two polymers were prepared, one for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and the other for rutin molecule, to overcome the extraction problem for ions and molecularly imprinted polymers. A diphenylcarbazide solution was used for removing Cr(VI), allowing an immediate extraction of this ion from the polymer. For rutin molecule, the aluminum solution allowed fast removal. Since these removal strategies imply extracting with coloration development, these elution solutions could be used simultaneously for the extraction and detection of the analyte. Indeed, an analytical reading kit has been 3D-printed for the Cr(VI) smartphone detection. In this tool, a column containing the ionic imprinted polymer (IIP) was used as sorbent and diphenylcarbazide solution for eluting and detecting Cr(VI). The developed sensor exhibited a detection limit of 0.006 µg mL-1. The proposed procedure was applied successfully for Cr(VI) determination in tap and river waters showing satisfactory recoveries. These extraction methods pave the way for the application of other ligands for the gentle, fast and on-site removal of different templates.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Under Different Drainage and Flooding Regimes of Cultivated Peatlands

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Globally, approximately 10–20% of peatlands have been drained for agricultural purposes. A strategy to protect peatlands and mitigate carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, while continuing agricultural production, is the use of intermittent flooding and drainage. A potential drawback of this strategy could be increases in methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. The objective of this study was to compare greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands under various flooding–drainage cycles. A laboratory study was performed using intact soil cores subjected to different durations of flooding and drainage for 6 months. Average daily emissions of CO 2 and N 2 O were significantly higher ( P < 0.001) under drained (667 ± 37 mg CO 2 –C m −2 d −1 and 135 ± 19 μg N 2 O–N m −2 d −1 ) than flooded conditions (86 ± 6 mg CO 2 –C m −2 d −1 and 48 ± 2 μg N 2 O–N m −2 d −1 ). Methane emissions were not influenced by drained/flooded conditions, with an average rate of 116 ± 11 μg CH 4 –C m −2 d −1 . Peaks of CH 4 and N 2 O emissions were observed after flooding events and lasted less than 24 h. The peak emissions were approximately 8 and 19 times higher than the mean CH 4 and N 2 O emissions, respectively. Carbon dioxide was the dominant component of GHGs, irrespective of hydrologic regime, accounting for more than 92% of overall global warming potential. Global warming potential was inversely proportional to the flooding period, indicating that prolonging the flooding period of peatlands would help mitigate soil oxidation and GHG emissions and enhance sustainability of these agricultural peatlands.
Taobao Recommend Logistics and the Think of Our Electronic Business Logistics Development

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article first elaborated the concept and operation mode of electronic commerce logistics,and then through the analysis of Taobao logistics operation process and the advantages and disadvantages,put forward to some new thinking of the electronic commerce logistics development in China,which is to build retail exchange goods service platform and as a whole freight platform,and actively forced implement the transportation management immediate query platform.
Allelomimetic feeding in the domestic fowl

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Synopsis Groups of 6 chickens were housed singly in battery cages with food available ad libitum and their feeding activity during 9‐h days was recorded. A significant tendency for the birds to feed as a group rather than as individuals extended over the entire day; it was ascribed to interaction between the birds rather than to external influences. Implications for animal welfare are discussed.
The Role of Investment Banking in M&A Operations: Empiric Pre and Post Lehman Evidence

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The role of investment banks in M&A operations is analyzed on the basis of empiric evidence. In particular, to point out the variations in the impact of the certification effect which can be ascribed to investment banks, the relationship between the value created for the shareholders in companies involved in special underwriting operations and the reputation of the banks appointed to act as advisors is examined. The analysis, which uses an original measuring system in order to assess and classify the reputation variable, focuses on transactions that have taken place between listed companies in two time frames, symmetrical to each other, specifically pre and post the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy. The total sample is composed of 229 transactions, divided into 161 and 68 observations, respectively pre and post Lehman. The result is that in the post Lehman period, unlike the preceding time frame, for which no significant empiric evidence is found, the wealth of the shareholders (of both targets and acquirers) is significantly influenced by the reputation of the investment banks which have acted as advisors. This indicates that, subsequent to the shock of the Lehman Brothers collapse, the certifying effect of the investment banks takes on an important role in the shareholders' choice.
Individual Variations in the Mastery of Discourse Connectives from Teenage Years to Adulthood

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Many connectives, such as therefore and however , are used very frequently in the written modality. Their acquisition thus represents an important milestone in developing written language competences. In this article, we assess the development of competence with such connectives by native French speakers in a sentence‐level insertion task ( N = 307, aged 12 to 64) and a text‐level insertion task ( N = 172, aged 13 to 71). Our results indicate that, despite a general progression in the level of competence with age, the academic level of participants is a strong predictor of competence within each age group, even during adulthood. In addition, from the age of 12, competence is related to the frequency of connectives in naturalistic data, with frequent connectives systematically mastered better than less frequent ones. Finally, in all age groups, the use and understanding of connectives is more challenging when sentences to complete are embedded within a richer context than when presented alone.
Survey of Torus Palatinus in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction. This study attempted to survey the oral findings of hemodialysis patients and analyze the prevalence and predictors for torus palatinus ( TP) in this patient population. Methods. A total of 322 hemodialysis patients were recruited. Patients were organized into two groups, based on the presence (n=93) or absence (n=229) of TP. Demographic, laboratory, and dialysis-related data were obtained for analysis. Results. The prevalence of TP was 28.9% in this study. Patients with TP were younger in age [57.8±10.0 (37.4-86.9) versus 62.4±12.3 (25.0-87.8) years old; P =0.001] and predominantly female (60.2% versus 38.0%; P <0.001), compared to patients without TP. All TPs (100.0%) were symmetrical and located along the midpalatal suture. Most TPs were flat-shaped (55.9%) and near premolars (78.5%). The blood tests revealed higher blood concentrations of phosphate (5.4±1.1 versus 4.9±1.1 mg/dL; P =0.001) and lower blood concentrations of bicarbonate (20.9±2.4 versus 22.0±2.3 mmol/L; P <0.001) in patients with TP. Multivariate regression modeling showed that younger age [odds ratio (OR) 0.968; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.939–0.982; P <0.001], female gender (OR 2.305; 95% CI 1.374–3.867; P =0.002), higher blood concentration of phosphate (OR 1.411; 95% CI 1.110–1.794; P =0.005), and lower blood concentration of bicarbonate (OR 0.868; 95% CI 0.791–0.994; P =0.040) were significant predictors for TP. Conclusion. The prevalence of TP is 28.9%, and the majority of patients suffering TP are female. Younger age, female gender, elevated blood concentration of phosphate, and lower blood concentration of bicarbonate are predictors for TP.
Cerebral Hyperemia in Electrically Induced Epileptic Seizures

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured by the xenon Xe 133 clearance method and cerebral metabolism was studied in 11 pentobarbital anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated patients during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Cerebral blood flow, oxygen, and glucose uptake doubled during seizures. Jugular venous Pco2and Po2both increased about 10 mm Hg during seizures, while the arterial gas tensions remained virtually unchanged. The jugular venous-arterial lactate difference increased an average of 0.08 millimol/liter one minute after ECT. The respiratory quotient (RQ) increased an average of 0.95 to 1.29 during seizures. The data suggest production of fixed acid (lactic acid) within the brain during seizures, even when arterial hypoxemia was avoided.
STUDENT RESPONSE TO A MULTI-TOPIC KITCHEN PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE IN UNDERGRADUATE CORE BIOLOGY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Development and deployment of innovative teaching materials and teaching methods are required by the university sector to maintain its relevance in a competitive and rapidly changing online world. In the last five years there has been an expansion in the digital marketplace for STEM online teaching materials, but these do not replace the acquisition of hands-on skills gained by students from experimentation in an on-campus laboratory. Further, there is a paucity of peer reviewed studies defining the efficacy of at home practical options which must be determined before these teaching innovations become adopted by the sector. The fully online restrictions imposed during COVID-19, provided an opportunity to assess the student perceptions and the effectiveness of potential tools for distance learning for STEM education in the future. This study provides insight into the student involvement and attitudes to online supported laboratory practicals, in a core first year biology unit. We compare the response from cohorts of typically on-campus and off-campus learning modes and review the efficacy of these lessons to improve the educational outcomes of students with access limitations to future face-to-face practical learning.
Histomorphometrical study of silver carp fish testis in two age classes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this research, morphological and histomorphometrical structure of testis of 20 silver male carp fish were studied in two classes or groups. Group1 was composed of 10 fish with average (±SD) weight of 1.247+0.656kg and average(±SD) length of 43.675+1.414cm with about 2 years age, Group2 was composed of 10 fish with average(±SD) weight of 5.716+0.519kg and average(±SD) length of 81.5+1.643cm. Average (±SD) weight of testis were 2.34+1.47gr and 83.33+25.81gr with average (±SD) GSI of 0.187+0.224 and 1.457+4.974 in groups 1 and 2 respectively. Samples from testis were taken by maximum thickness of 0.5cm and after fixation in bouin,s fixative and 5-6µm thickness section were made routine paraffin embedding method and stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin and PAS staining. The microscopic results showed that the silver carp testis was lobular and cystic type in two groups. In group 1, there was no spermatozoon activity and PGCs were only germ cells in the cysts. But in group2, the numbers of PGCs were decreased significantly and spermatogenic cells were seen in different phases including spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocysts, early and late spermatid, and spermatozoa which each one was located in a separated cyst. There was no significant difference in nucleus diameter of PGCs in testis of group1 (6.97+0.438µ) and group (6.13+0.438µ). In group2, the nucleolus diameter of spermatogonia was 2.97+0.112µm, primary spermatocyt 3.59+0.107µ, early spermatid 1.59+0.761µ, late spermatid 1.24+0.132µ, spermatozoa 1.16+0.054µ, and the length of spermatozoia 17.412+1.946µ. The interesting finding was immature testis in fish of group 1 with average weigh (1.247+0.656kg) and average length (43.675+1.414cm) in about 2 years age and mature testis in fish of group 2 with average weight of (5.716+0.519kg) and average length of (81.5+1.643cm) with about 4 years age in Khuzestan climate conditions.