jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Issues and Practice Regarding Behavioural Outcome Measurement Undertaken by a Specialised Service Provider

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The Kemsley Division has been providing a specialised service for people with acquired neurological damage and challenging behaviour problems for over two decades. This paper reviews some of the methods used to evaluate behavioural outcome. After a brief description of the rehabilitation programme, comments are made regarding potential limitations in the applicability of some of these methods which weaken a group approach to the measurement of behavioural outcome. The non-homogeneous nature of the participant population is highlighted, and it is argued that because of this behavioural outcome measurement should be undertaken at the level of the individual. Examples of how this is undertaken using single case study methodology are described, including use of both TELER (Treatment Evaluation according to Le Roux) and the Overt Aggression Scale—Modified for Neurorehabilitation. The validity of self-report in behavioural outcome measurement is also briefly considered. Finally, the dilemma created by the need to reflect outcome at the group level to enable sufficient resources to be made available to brain injury services is discussed.
Dynamics of a Probe Molecule Dissolved in Several Polymer Matrices with Different Side-Chain Structures: Determination of Correlation Length Relevant to Glass Transition

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Dynamics of 4-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) dissolved in several polymers at concentrations of 3–7 wt % was examined by dielectric relaxation measurement. Glassy (segmental) mode of the matrix polymer was also investigated by viscoelastic measurements for the same samples. Polystyrene (PS), poly(4-methylstyrene) (P4MS), and poly(4-tert-butylstyrene) (PtBS) were used as host polymers, considering that they have the same backbone structure but different side-chain bulkiness. Two dielectric relaxation modes (slow and fast modes) of 5CB component appeared in all the mixtures, and the relative intensity of the fast mode increased in the order of PS < P4MS < PtBS, corresponding to the order of the side-chain bulkiness and main-chain stiffness. The effects of such chemical structure differences on the two relaxation modes, particularly their temperature dependence, were examined in detail. Comparison of relaxation times for the fast mode and the segmental dynamics of the matrix polymer suggests that the fast mode was attributed to the restricted orientational fluctuation, which includes precession motion around the long axis, of 5CB molecule in a confined space formed by slow polymer chains. The dielectric intensity of the fast mode increased with increasing side-chain bulkiness of polymers. This means that the larger side chain decreases the spatial restriction for the movement of guest 5CB molecules in the glassy state. The slow mode was attributed to the rotational motion of 5CB molecule nearly cooperative with the segmental motion of matrix polymer. The relaxation times of dielectric slow mode and viscoelastic glass mode were compared. Temperature dependence of the slow mode was slightly different from that of the segmental motion of polymer corresponding to the glass mode. From the difference between these relaxation times, the correlation length relevant to the glass mode was determined as functions of temperature for the three polymers.
The effect of quality market research on the performance / profitability of real estate investment in emerging economies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The ever increasing global competition among real estate investment organizations has it made imperative for industry players to continually invest in real estate market research to guide them in investment decisions. The quality of market research report provided by the market research professional/consultant is expected to reflect on the quality of outcome of investment decisions made by the investors ad invariably affects the marketability and profitability of the investment concerned. This study investigates the effect of quality market research on the marketability and profitability of real estate investment in developing economies taking Lagos-Nigeria, as case study. The study area is Lagos metropolis, southwestern Nigeria, chosen because of its strategic relevance in real estate investment, as emerging market. Research design is cross-sectional type which is descriptive and the study population consists of respondents who are real estate research consultants and real estate investors in the study area. Random sampling technique was applied and research instrument was closed and open-ended structured questionnaire and face-to interviews for the primary data; and Journals, textbooks, published articles and internet for secondary data. Data collected was analyzed using simple descriptive and statistical tools such as frequency distribution tables, charts, percentages, mean scores, pearson correlation, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) as well as Likert scale. The summary of the result of the data analysis shows that market research contributes immensely to the Property Investment Performance in major indices. The result also established healthy relationship between the quality of market research and real estate investment performance showing that the correlation coefficient of 0.240 significant at 10% level. Subsequently, the study recommended among other things, the establishment of data bank for all real estate performance indices; and real estate market research institute by the Federal Government of Nigeria.
Nurses' Attitudes towards a Good Death for Patients and Competence in Caring for End-of-Life Patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

目的：加強病患臨終關懷（end-of-life，EOL）及提供善終照護服務態度，對於年輕護理師的專業技能及社會心理健康非常重要。本研究旨在評估護理師於照護過程中影響的相關因素。方法：本橫斷研究採用了有目的性的抽樣設計，於臺灣北部某教學醫院共招募104名至少具備三個月工作經驗的醫療內、外科及加護病房護理師。本研究以描述統計和推論統計分析資料數據，包含：t檢定、Pearson相關係數、單因子變異數分析和多元線性回歸分析。結果：104名護理師的平均年齡為28.87（±5.77）歲，平均工作時間為6.99（±5.49）年。護理師在善終和處理臨終患者的能力分別為170.50（±16.56）和134.13（±23.07）；在回歸分析中，對於善終具有完備的理解、具有急診部門實踐經驗，或對於臨終患者具備良好的臨床溝通技巧的護理師，在處理臨終問題方面均展現出良好的能力。結論：本研究結果可以為醫療保健專業人員在設計護理專業內的繼續教育提供參考。作者建議，參與安寧緩和療護的護理師應該廣泛理解善終的意涵，以及在與患者討論和患者死亡相關議題時，須具備良好的溝通技巧。
Mannitol versus hypertonic saline

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eosinophilic asthma phenotype predicts good response to corticosteroids and associates to asthmatic exacerbations. Sputum induction by hypertonic saline (HS) inhalation is technically demanding. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to osmotic agents indirectly mirrors active airway inflammation. We compared the safety and ability of HS and mannitol to induce sputum and measure BHR. We evaluated the stability of inflammatory phenotypes. We studied 35 non-smoking asthmatics randomized to undergo HS and mannitol challenges on 2 days 1 week apart. Sputum was sampled for cell analysis and phenotyped as eosinophilic (≥3% eosinophils) and non-eosinophilic (<3%) asthma. Nineteen subjects had BHR to mannitol and nine of them also had BHR to HS. Drops in forced expiratory volume in 1 s were higher from HS challenge than from mannitol challenge. Adequate sputum samples were obtained from 80% subjects (68% mannitol and 71% HS). Eosinophils and macrophages from both challenges correlated. Neutrophils were higher in sputum from HS. Ninety percent samples were equally phenotyped with HS and mannitol. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide, sputum eosinophils and BHR correlated in both challenges. HS and mannitol showed similar capacity to produce valuable sputum samples. BHR to both osmotic stimuli partially resembled airway eosinophilic inflammation but mannitol was more sensitive than HS to assess BHR. Eosinophilic phenotype remained stable in most patients with both stimuli.
Avena sativa ssp. sativa var. montana 930

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Avena sativa ssp. sativa var. montana
Common name(s): Avena, Oat
Other names: Signal
Conserved by: CREA - Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali (CREA-CI-BG), Italy
Local sample unique identifier: 930
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2010
Historical: No
MLS status: Included
G Protein-Dependent CCR5 Signaling Is Not Required for Efficient Infection of Primary T Lymphocytes and Macrophages by R5 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The requirement of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced CCR5 activation for infection by R5 HIV type 1 (HIV-1) strains remains controversial. Ectopic CCR5 expression in CD4 + -transformed cells or pharmacological inhibition of G α i proteins coupled to CCR5 left unsolved whether CCR5-dependent cell activation is necessary for the HIV life cycle. In this study, we investigated the role played by HIV-induced CCR5-dependent cell signaling during infection of primary CD4-expressing leukocytes. Using lentiviral vectors, we restored CCR5 expression in T lymphocytes and macrophages from individuals carrying the homozygous 32-bp deletion of the CCR5 gene ( ccr5 Δ32/Δ32 ). Expression of wild-type (wt) CCR5 in ccr5 Δ32/Δ32 cells permitted infection by R5 HIV isolates. We assessed the capacity of a CCR5 derivative carrying a mutated DRY motif (CCR5-R126N) in the second intracellular loop to work as an HIV-1 coreceptor. The R126N mutation is known to disable G protein coupling and agonist-induced signal transduction through CCR5 and other G protein-coupled receptors. Despite its inability to promote either intracellular calcium mobilization or cell chemotaxis, the inactive CCR5-R126N mutant provided full coreceptor function to several R5 HIV-1 isolates in primary cells as efficiently as wt CCR5. We conclude that in a primary, CCR5-reconstituted CD4 + cell environment, G protein signaling is dispensable for R5 HIV-1 isolates to actively infect primary CD4 + T lymphocytes or macrophages.
Encoding large information structures in linear algebra and statistical models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Large information sizes in samples and features can be encoded to speed up the learning of statistical models based on linear algebra and remove unwanted signals. Encoding information can reduce both sample and feature dimension to a smaller representational set. Here two examples are shown on linear mixed models and mixture models speeding up the run time for parameter estimation by a factor defined by the user's choice on dimension reduction (can be linear, quadratic or beyond based on dimension specification).
EFFECTS OF BIOPHYSICAL STIMULI ON OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate to cells that are part of tissues, such as bone and cartilage, both during ontogeny and for the repair/regeneration and renewal of tissues during postnatal life. Accordingly, MSCs can be a powerful tool for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering interventions in musculoskeletal deficiencies. MSCs found in the bone marrow and connective tissues are exposed to biochemical and biophysical factors that modulate their biological behavior. Given that biochemical factors have been widely studied, research on the effect of biophysical stimuli on the differentiation of MSCs is scarce. An overview of the impact of biophysical factors on MSCs osteogenic differentiation could shed light on some of the signals to consider when developing new cell therapies or tissue engineering products for the treatment of bone traumatic defects and diseases. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the effect of biophysical stimuli on osteogenic differentiation. It focuses on reviewing what has been published on the effect of compression, tension, hydrostatic pressure, shear stress, electromagnetic fields, low-intensity ultrasound, and niche signaling – including topography and substrate stiffness, paracrine and juxtracrine regulation – on MSCs osteogenic differentiation. The knowledge gained from studying how MSCs respond to mechanical forces has the potential to drive the creation of more advanced treatments for conditions where bones are injured. These therapies could rely on either physical methods or a combination of physical and chemical approaches, offering new possibilities for improving bone health.
Dynamic properties of nucleated microtubules: GTP utilisation in the sub-critical concentration regime

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Microtubule assembly kinetics have been studied quantitatively under solution conditions supporting microtubule dynamic instability. Purified GTP-tubulin (Tu-GTP) and covalently cross-linked short microtubule seeds (EGSseeds; Koshland et al. (1988)Nature 331, 499) were used with and without biotinylation. Under sub-critical concentration conditions ([Tu-GTP]&lt;5.3 μM), significant microtubule growth of limited length was observed on a proportion of the EGS-seeds by immuno-electron microscopy. A sensitive fluorescence assay for microtubule GDP production was developed for parallel assessment of GTP utilisation. This revealed a correlation between the detected microtubule growth and the production of tubulin-GDP, deriving from the shortening phase of the dynamic microtubules. This correlation was confirmed by the action of nocodazole, a specific inhibitor of microtubule assembly, that was found to abolish the GDP release. The variation of the GDP release with tubulin concentration (Jh(c) plot) was determined below the critical concentration (CC). The GDP production observed was consistent with the elongation of the observed seeded microtubules with an apparent rate constant of 1.5×106M−1 second−1 above a threshold of approximately 1 μM tubulin. The form of this Jh(c) plot for elongation below CC is reproduced by the Lateral Cap model for microtubule dynamic instability adapted for seeded assembly. The behaviour of the system is contrasted with that previously studied in the absence of detectable microtubule elongation (Caplow and Shanks (1990)J. Biol. Chem. 265, 8935-8941). The approach provides a means of monitoring microtubule dynamics at concentrations inaccessible to optical microscopy, and shows that essentially the same dynamic mechanisms apply at all concentrations. Numerical simulation of the subcritical concentration regime shows dynamic growth features applicable to the initiation of microtubule growth in vivo.
Lleida Bat Lyssavirus isolation in Miniopterus schreibersii in France

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Bat rabies cases are attributed in Europe to five different Lyssavirus species of 16 recognized Lyssavirus species causing rabies. One of the most genetically divergent Lyssavirus spp. has been detected in a dead Miniopterus schreibersii bat in France. Brain samples were found positive for the presence of antigen, infectious virus and viral RNA by classical virological methods and molecular methods respectively. The complete genome sequence was determined by next‐generation sequencing. The analysis of the complete genome sequence confirmed the presence of Lleida bat lyssavirus (LLEBV) in bats in France with 99.7% of nucleotide identity with the Spanish LLEBV strain (KY006983).
Linked collectors and determiners for: Solenoptera Audinet-Serville, 1832 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae, Solenopterini) in Cuba, with description of a new species.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Solenoptera Audinet-Serville, 1832 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae, Solenopterini) in Cuba, with description of a new species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, https://bionomia.net/dataset/941d5e15-8d4e-45f5-9d9e-1c0f670b045f using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org/dataset/941d5e15-8d4e-45f5-9d9e-1c0f670b045f. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
The brand image model in digital media industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The concept of brand image has been a long-time topic of discussion as a significant factor in marketing interest. However, the amount of research on marketing process in telecommunication industry is still limited; therefore it is necessary to conduct research on this topic. The present research aims to fill the gap of this underrated topic. It proposes a brand image model to be examined as a measurement scale employing 212 active digital customers spread across five broadband cities. The model is examined using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and the SEM model to analyse the data. The findings indicate that brand associations, brand identity, brand personality, brand attitude, brand behaviour, brand benefit, brand competence, and brand dynamism are considered as determining factors of brand image.
Unexplained liver dysfunction in a young Chinese man with eosinophilia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 37-year-old man complained of a 7 months’ history of yellowish skin and sclera accompanied by fatigue, pruritus and dry mouth, with a history of subcutaneous masses on his elbow. Hard and fixed subcutaneous masses were noted on his palm and periauricular region, the largest of which was approximately 2 cm in diameter (figure 1A). Mildly tortuous veins on his abdominal wall above the umbilicus were detected (figure 1B). The patient had no history of liver disease. Family history was not contributory. Laboratory tests demonstrated a leucocyte count of 2.9×109/L (3.97–9.15×109/L), 7.9% eosinophil (0.5%–5%), a total bilirubin of 94.5μmol/L, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase of 67.8 U/L (11–50 U/L) and serum IgG of 23.3 g/L (7–16 g/L), IgG4 of 3.48 g/L (0.08–1.4 g/L) and IgE of 256 IU/mL (0–100 IU/mL). Coagulation function tests revealed prothrombin time of 14.8 s (9.4–12.5 s), international normalised ratio (INR) of 1.33 and …
The Pulmonary Artery Segment in Normal and in Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. The length and arrow or the PAS of 130 normal cases were measured, respectively. The BSA (m2) ranged between 0.30--2.05, and the ages between 6 months and 40 years. 2. Seventy-three cases VPS were divided into four groups according to the peak SPRV: Group 1, less than 50 mm Hg; Group 2, from 50--75 mm Hg; Group 3, from 75--150 mm Hg; and Group 4, with more than 150 mm Hg. The length and arrow of the PAS was measured. The age of the patient ranged from 4--38 years. 3. In normal cases, the PAS was a straight line or presented a slight concavity in 30% of the cases. 4. In cases of VPS all of them had a slight or marked bulging of the PAS, except one in Group 1 (6.6%); two in Group 2 (11%); three in Group 3 (10%); and one in Group 4 (8.3%). Marked convexity (more than 10 mm of arrow of this segment) was found one time in Group 1 (6.6%); three times in Group 2 (16%); three times in Group 3 (10%); and twice in Group 4 (16%). 5. In normal cases the length and the arrow of the PAS tend to have greater values when the BSA is higher. When the arrow of the segment is above 5 mm and the length higher than 50 mm, irrespective to the patient's age, we must be facing an abnormal finding and all those diseases capable of giving an abnormal PAS should be considered. 6. We want to stress the importance of obtaining a proper roentgenogram to assess, with accuracy, the quantitative and qualitative data needed to do a correct interpretation of the cardiac silhouette.
Cost Effective Nanofiber Formation: Melt Electrospinning

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A multidisciplinary team has been assembled to develop techniques to melt electrospin polymer nanofibers. Preliminary work directed at constructing and testing a crude apparatus to melt electrospin polypropylene was marginally successful; some nanofibers were produced but the overwhelming mass fraction consisted of microfibers. The apparatus could not be upgraded, so a new unit was built and is being tested. A third generation unit will be designed (and eventually tested) by a new student just joining the project. Goals: Research reports on solution electrospinning abound, largely because a laboratory setup is inexpensive and simple. Work on melt electrospinning is relatively scarce in spite of the fact that the most significant limiting factors to economically produce nanofibers are solvent recycling issues and low productivity. Melt electrospinning solves both problems. Productivity will increase 10-500 fold and costs will drop significantly due to elimination of solvent recovery. Why are few scientists working on melt electrospinning? It’s is a difficult problem that requires a logical solution and grant funding. Within the first 18 months we will have a third generation melt electrospinning apparatus built and tested. Success will be judged by having more than 50 volume percent nanofiber from the melt electrospinning apparatus. If the initial runs are successful, we will begin experiments designed to learn more about electrospinning and how to obtain molecular orientation in electrospun fibers. We will also try to melt electrospin biopolymers as well as synthetic polymers used in high volume. If the first trials are not successful, we will make changes in the apparatus, such as bleeding air into near the nozzle to develop a combined electrospin/melt blow process. We also intend to develop real-time, online diagnostics and control of the melt electrospinning process. We propose to create a process control-oriented model that characterizes the flow dynamics in melt electrospinning by using tools formerly developed for investigating reactive flows. Body: Filters for biological/chemical aerosols, clothing insulation better than Thinsulate ® , home insulation better than meltblown glass fiber - the need for fine fibers is great, yet techniques to economically produce them are nil. As new techniques have been developed – meltblowing, electrospinning, sea-island bicomponents – the market seems to expand without limit. Most of the market is in filtration, but as we learn to control the morphology of these fibers, new applications will certainly arise. Meltblowing can produce fibers with diameters only as small as about 0.5 micron, and then copious amounts of hot air are required, but the other two techniques mentioned above are capable of delivering fibers down to the nanometer range. Seaisland bicomponent fibers have been made for decades, but only recently have manufacturers