jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of racial discrimination in a cohort of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background. Racial discrimination is a central social determinant of health in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter referred to as Aboriginal) populations, and is associated with health inequities between Aboriginal and non Aboriginal Australians. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of racism in a longitudinal study of Aboriginal children. Method. This study examined direct and vicarious racism within the Footprints in Time: The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC) dataset, providing descriptive analysis of direct and vicarious forms of racism exposure, including overall prevalence, accumulation of exposure and age of first exposure, across key socio-demographic factors over time. Participants for this study include 1,759 children from the first 8 waves of LSIC, comprising those aged 6 months to 12 years. Results. One in five (20.4%) study children had direct experience of racial discrimination by age 11 years, with the majority of these children (73.5%) experiencing first exposure to direct racism by age 7, while vicarious racism was more commonly experienced (44.5% through the primary carer and 50.5% via family members). Children living in areas of high remoteness, in the most disadvantaged regions and children who spoke an Aboriginal language were at increased risk of experiencing direct racism by age 11. Conclusion. Direct and vicarious racism is commonly experienced by Aboriginal children and exposure often occurs within the first years of life. This study is one of the first studies internationally to characterise the prevalence of both direct and vicarious forms of racism among a cohort of children using longitudinal data.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bifidobacterium longum 105-A, a Strain with High Transformation Efficiency

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Bifidobacterium longum 105-A shows high transformation efficiency and allows for the generation of gene knockout mutants through homologous recombination. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain 105-A. Genes encoding at least four putative restriction-modification systems were found in this genome, which might contribute to its transformation efficiency.
Blended Learning Support for Undergraduate Students’ Research and Writing Skills Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this exploratory study, a subject librarian and a writing instructor investigated the potential of designing blended learning around research paper assignments in the context of two foundational courses in the Faculty of Human Ecology at the University of Manitoba, Canada. The objective was to explore alternative, more embedded learning support for undergraduate students. The significance of blended learning support was situated in the broader literature of the teaching and learning practices in higher education. In this case study, descriptions of blended learning support for facilitating student learning, and of the main barrier to its implementation are provided. Based on what was learned in the exploratory study, the chapter provides working guidelines for designing and developing blended learning support, mainly drawing from Butler and Cartier’s (2004) research on academic engagement.
Autopsy Study Defines Composition and Dynamics of the HIV-1 Reservoir after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with CCR5Δ32/Δ32 Donor Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Allo-HSCT with CCR5Δ32/Δ32 donor cells is the only curative HIV-1 intervention. We investigated the impact of allo-HSCT on the viral reservoir in PBMCs and post-mortem tissue in two patients. IciS-05 and IciS-11 both received a CCR5Δ32/Δ32 allo-HSCT. Before allo-HSCT, ultrasensitive HIV-1 RNA quantification; HIV-1-DNA quantification; co-receptor tropism analysis; deep-sequencing and viral characterization in PBMCs and bone marrow; and post-allo-HSCT, ultrasensitive RNA and HIV-1-DNA quantification were performed. Proviral quantification, deep sequencing, and viral characterization were done in post-mortem tissue samples. Both patients harbored subtype B CCR5-tropic HIV-1 as determined genotypically and functionally by virus culture. Pre-allo-HSCT, HIV-1-DNA could be detected in both patients in bone marrow, PBMCs, and T-cell subsets. Chimerism correlated with detectable HIV-1-DNA LTR copies in cells and tissues. Post-mortem analysis of IciS-05 revealed proviral DNA in all tissue biopsies, but not in PBMCs. In patient IciS-11, who was transplanted twice, no HIV-1-DNA could be detected in PBMCs at the time of death, whereas HIV-1-DNA was detectable in the lymph node. In conclusion, shortly after CCR5Δ32/Δ32, allo-HSCT HIV-1-DNA became undetectable in PBMCs. However, HIV-1-DNA variants identical to those present before transplantation persisted in post-mortem-obtained tissues, indicating that these tissues play an important role as viral reservoirs.
The Virtual Incumbent

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter addresses Zelensky's 2019 presidential campaign, explaining how the reputed "comedian" wound up winning Ukraine's largest presidential landslide election ever. His strategy, arguably unique, was not simply to run as an outsider or to emphasize social media (which he used very effectively), but to run as a virtual incumbent. This means not only that he ran while playing a president on a TV series that was being aired during the actual campaign, but also that he (like many actual incumbent presidents) forewent traditional campaigning practices like political rallies and instead emphasized continuing to do his job "as usual." In his case, this meant performing concerts and producing, appearing in, and advertising his shows. The chapter documents that he did, however, have a clear message in his campaign (one based on civic national identity and duty) and shows how it resonated more strongly with the Ukrainian population than did the messaging of his opponent, the actual incumbent Poroshenko. The chapter examines apparent support Zelensky received from key Ukrainian oligarchs, including media they owned, and how this compared to his chief rival.
Evaluating the Synergistic Effects of Carica papaya Linn, Vernonia amygdalina Delile, Artemisinin and Iodine As Potential Agents in the Management of Breast Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: The rise in breast cancer prevalence rate across the globe and in Africa is a public health issue. Accessibility to the effective and affordable therapeutic options for the management of breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa is challenging due to high costs, questionable effectiveness and toxicity of treatments available. Studies have documented the use of complimentary and alternative medicine in contemporary cancer treatment in form of standardized phytomedicines. However, the scientific evidence on their efficacies, synergy, safety and adequacy is still lacking. Vernonia amygdalina Delile (leaf extract). Furthermore, Carica papaya Linn (leaf extract), artemisinin and molecular iodine have been previously reported to have activity against breast cancer but their synergistic effect has not been validated. Aim: This study seeks to evaluate synergistic effects of Carica papaya Linn (leaf extract), Vernonia amygdalina Delile (leaf extract), artemisinin and molecular iodine against breast cancer cell lines in vitro and safety profile in selected animal models in vivo. Four specific objectives where stated: (i) to determine inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of the plant and compound combinations in vitro against breast cancer cell lines; (ii) to determine effective dose (ED 50 ) of most effective combination(s) against cancer cell lines using animal models (in vivo); (iii) to assess the acute, subacute, chronic toxicity profile of most efficacious combination against breast cancer cell lines; (iv) to identify and characterize bioactive compounds in the combination that shows the highest activity against breast cancer cell lines. Methods: Breast cancer cell lines: MCF 7, MDA-MB-231 will be used to determine IC 50 of combinations in vitro. MTT assay will be applied for quantification of viable cells in culture. Both positive and negative controls will be adopted in the study. Mice and rats animal models will be used for toxicity study and determination of ED 50 of most active combinations. Bioactive compounds in combination(s) will be identified using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Standard procedures according to WHO. Graph Prism computer software will be used to obtain LD 50 . The results will be statistically analyzed using Student t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS 16 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software. Results: Study in progress. Conclusion: This study will provide a significant contribution into aspects of herbal medicine in breast cancer research, as there is limited research and development efforts in respect to new products to treat breast cancer in the African context. The development of natural, efficacious, cost effective, safer, easier accessible breast cancer management alternative is anticipated as a result of the study. Some of the compounds found in the chosen plants may be used as templates for development of new anticancer product.
Maximilian, Prince of Wied's Trip Along the Ohio & Erie Canal in 1834: An Annotated New Translation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

prince maximilian's trip along the ohio & erie canal 5 A number of travelers chronicled their trips via canal boat along the Ohio & Erie Canal in the nineteenth century.But the trip of Maximilian, Prince of Wied (1782-1867), stands out among them.This German explorer made important early observations along the canal during June 1834, less than two years after the full length of the canal was opened in October 1832.His trip crossed the entire length of the canal, from the warmer biomes of southern Ohio to the cooler forests of northeastern Ohio.Maximilian had two qualities that distinguished his observations: he was a highly knowledgeable, experienced naturalist, and he had no personal stake in the settling of the frontier and concomitant suppression of the native peoples of North America.
Functional Expression of Subunit IV of Rhodobacter sphaeroides Cytochrome b-c1 Complex and Reconstitution of Recombinant Protein with Three-subunit Core Complex

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Subunit IV of Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytochrome b-c1 complex was over-expressed in Escherichia coli JM109 cells as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein (GST-RSIV) using the expression vector, pGEX/RSIV. Maximum yield of soluble active recombinant fusion protein was obtained from cells harvested 3 h after induction of growth at 37 degrees C in LB medium. Subunit IV was released from the fusion protein by proteolytic cleavage with thrombin. When subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isolated recombinant subunit IV of R. sphaeroides cytochrome b-c1 complex. Although the isolated recombinant subunit IV is soluble in aqueous solution, it is in a highly aggregated form, with an apparent molecular mass of over 1000 kDa. The addition of detergent deaggregates the isolated protein, suggesting that the recombinant protein exists as a hydrophobic aggregation in aqueous solution. When the three-subunit core cytochrome b-c1 complex, purified from RS delta IV-adapted chromatophores containing a fraction of the wild type cytochrome b-c1 complex activity, was reacted with varying amounts of recombinant subunit IV, the activity increased as the subunit IV concentration increased. Maximum activity restoration was reached when 1 mol of subunit IV/mol of three-subunit core complex was used. The reconstituted cytochrome b-c1 complex is similar to the wild-type complex in molecular size, apparent Km for Q2H2, and inhibitor sensitivity, indicating that recombinant subunit IV is properly assembled into the active cytochrome b-c1 complex. A tryptophan residue in subunit IV was found to be involved in the interaction with the three-subunit core complex.
“I Have a Voice—Hear Me!” Findings of an Australian Study Examining the Resettlement and Integration Experience of Refugees and Migrants from the Horn of Africa in Australia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using the lens of “integration criteria” developed by Ager and Strang, this article presents the findings of a project documenting the resettlement and integration experiences of refugees and migrants from the Horn of Africa (HoA) in Australia. While refugees have enormous potential to integrate successfully, and many do, there are obstacles which persist. These include: trauma; separation of family members; lack of adequate on-arrival information and support; difficulties with language acquisition; lack of access to appropriate and affordable housing; lack of education support; discrimination in the work force; conflict within families; racism; and violence against women.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Vestibular paroxysmia: diagnostic features and medical treatment.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Vestibular paroxysmia (VP), which is attributed to neurovascular cross-compression (NVCC), leads to vertiginous spells. Although VP was described more than 30 years ago by Jannetta and colleagues, we still need more reliable data on its diagnostic features and the efficacy of medical treatment.METHODS: A follow-up study of 32 patients with recurrent short spells of vertigo and with diagnosis of VP by published criteria was performed using medical records and patient consultation (mean follow-up time 31.3 months).RESULTS: In 28% of patients the attacks occurred exclusively when at rest, whereas in 22% they were regularly precipitated by a certain action, most frequently a head turn (60%). The most common accompanying symptom was unsteadiness of stance or gait (75%). Constructive interference in steady state magnetic resonance imaging (n = 23) demonstrated at least one site of NVCC in all but one patient. Caloric testing disclosed a mild increase in vestibular deficit over time, and a hyperventilation-induced nystagmus was found in 70% of the tested patients (n = 23). The majority of patients were treated with carbamazepine (mean dose 568 mg/d) or oxcarbazepine (mean dose 870 mg/d). Treatment led to a significant reduction in the attack frequency to 10% of baseline (95% CI 6.69-14.96%), in attack intensity to 15% (95% CI 11.57-19.63%), and a reduction in attack duration to 11% (95% CI 6.72-17.40), after adjusting for time effects.CONCLUSION: This follow-up proves the usefulness of the diagnostic criteria, especially constructive interference in steady state magnetic resonance imaging, and the therapeutic efficacy of medical treatment. PMID: 18809837
Reply on RC2

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Accurate predictive modelling of the ocean's global carbon and oxygen cycles is challenging because of uncertainties in both biogeochemistry and ocean circulation. Advances over the last decade have made parameter optimization feasible, allowing models to better match observed biogeochemical fields. However, does fitting a biogeochemical model to observed tracers using a circulation with known biases robustly capture the inner workings of the biological pump? Here we embed a mechanistic model of the ocean's coupled nutrient, carbon, and oxygen cycles into two circulations for the current climate. To assess the effects of biases, one circulation (ACCESS-M) is derived from a climate model and the other from data assimilation of observations (OCIM2). We find that parameter optimization compensates for circulation biases at the expense of altering how the biological pump operates. Tracer observations constrain pump strength and regenerated inventories for both circulations, but ACCESS-M export production optimizes to twice that of OCIM2 to compensate for ACCESS-M having lower sequestration efficiencies driven by less efficient particle transfer and shorter residence times. Idealized simulations forcing complete Southern Ocean nutrient utilization show that the response of the optimized system is sensitive to the embedding circulation. In ACCESS-M, Southern Ocean nutrient and DIC trapping is partially short-circuited by unrealistically deep mixed layers. For both circulations, intense Southern Ocean production deoxygenates Southern-Ocean-sourced deep waters, muting the imprint of circulation biases on oxygen. Our findings highlight that the biological pump's plumbing needs careful assessment to predict the biogeochemical response to environmental changes, even when optimally matching observations.
Additional file 2: Table S1. of Sex differences in the late first trimester human placenta transcriptome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Expressed genes in late first trimester human placenta, sorted by FPKM. Ensembl IDs, gene symbols, biotypes, FPKM values, baseMean values, gene descriptions, and statistics from DESeq2 are given. (XLS 25631Â kb)
Hypoglycemic and Gut Microbiota-Modulating Effects of Pectin from Citrus aurantium “Changshanhuyou” Residue in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To fully utilize the Citrus aurantium "Changshanhuyou" resource, the hypoglycemic effect and mechanisms of action of pectin from Changshanhuyou residue (HYP) were studied. HYP considerably inhibited α-glucosidase, suggesting its potent in vitro hypoglycemic activity. In streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice, HYP significantly increased the body weight, survival rate, hexokinase activity, and glycogen content and decreased fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance, liver weight, and glycated serum protein levels. Furthermore, HYP remarkably improved glycolipid metabolism-related indices in both serum and liver, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in serum, and antioxidant enzyme activities in liver. HYP also modulated mRNA expression of the key factors (e.g., Akt, PI3K, IRS2, InsR, GLUT4, G6 Pase, PEPCK, AMPK, GS, and GSK-3β) and increased short chain fatty acid production and abundance of beneficial bacteria. Thus, the underlying hypoglycemic mechanism of HYP may involve the activation of PI3K/Akt, AMPK, and GS/GSK-3β signaling pathways and modulation of gut microbiota composition.
Rational dosage of non-cumulative drugs.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

D-V Strip of nail removed (A) and flaps of nail wall (B) and nail fold (C) reflected to expose segment of germinal matrix (D) to be excised.A simple and logical operation for unilateral embedded toenail was described by Heifetz in 1945.8This consists of removal of a small segment of germinal matrix on the affected side of the nail.No sutures are required and healing occurs within a few days.Mr Palmer and Mr Stevenson imply that their operation can be performed in the presence of sepsis, cutting through inflamed nail wall.A deliberate operation through inflamed tissues is bad surgical practice and sooner or later this will lead to severe exacerbations of infection.In infected cases it is safer to excise a small strip of embedded nail under local anaesthesia four weeks before surgery.This will enable an exact dissection of the portion of germinal matrix to be performed under ideal conditions.
Synthesis and Characterization in Rodent Brain of the Subtype-Selective NR2B NMDA Receptor Ligand [11C]Ro04-5595 as a Potential Radiotracer for Positron Emission Tomography

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor has been implicated in controlling synaptic plasticity, memory, and learning. Herein, we describe an 11C-labeled PET radiotracer based on 1-(4-chlorophenethyl)-6-methoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-ol, Ro04-5595. The radiotracer was evaluated in rats using PET. The PET study showed a good pharmacokinetic profile with rapid uptake and washout over 90 min. Complementary high-resolution autoradiographic images using [3H]Ro04-5595 demonstrated strong binding in NR2B receptor-rich regions and low binding in cerebellum where NR2B concentration is low. We conclude to have developed a selective NR2B receptor radioligand suitable for quantitative and qualitative imaging of a NR2B receptor distribution in vitro and in vivo.
Tomato Fruit Color Changes During Ripening On Vine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) hybrid 'Brooklyn' was investigated at the LRCAF Institute of Horticulture. For investigation, five green tomatoes, which were grown on vine, were selected. Color measurements were made in the greenhouse with the same selected tomato fruits (fruits were not harvested and were growing and ripening on tomato vine through all experiment) in every two days while tomatoes fruits became fully ripen. Study showed that color index L has tendency to decline and established determination coefficient (R2) was 0.9504. Also, hue angle has tendency to decline during tomato fruit ripening on vine and it’s coefficient of determination (R2) reached – 0.9739. Opposite tendency was determined with color index a*, which has tendency to increase during tomato ripening and that was expressed by polynomial trendline where coefficient of determination (R2) reached – 0.9592.
Fast Epistasis Detection in Large-Scale GWAS for Intel Xeon Phi Clusters

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

epiSNP is a program for identifying pairwise single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) interactions (epistasis) that affect quantitative traits in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A parallel MPI version (EPISNPmpi) was created in 2008 to address this computationally-expensive analysis on data sets with many quantitative traits and markers. However, the explosion in genome sequencing will lead to the creation of large-scale data sets that will overwhelm EPISNPmpi's ability to compute results in a reasonable amount of time. Thus, epiSNP was rewritten to efficiently handle these large data sets. This was accomplished by performing serial optimizations, improving MPI load balancing, and introducing parallel OpenMP directives to further enhance load balancing and allow execution on the Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor (MIC). These additions resulted in new scalable versions of epiSNP using MPI, MPI+OpenMP, and MPI+OpenMP with one or two MICs. For a large 774,660 SNP data set with 1,634 individuals, the runtime on 126 nodes of TACC's Stampede Supercomputer was 10.61 minutes without MICs, and 5.13 minutes with 2 MICs. This translated to speedups over EPISNPmpi of 17X without MICs, and 36X with 2 MICs.
MRS measures elevated metabolite levels indicative of hypoxia in prostate tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although increased total choline (tCho) and phosphocholine (PC) are hallmarks of tumor cells, heterogeneous distribution of tCho is often detected in solid tumors. Kristine Glunde, Ph.D., Zaver Bhujwalla, Ph.D., and their colleagues at Johns Hopkins University Medical Center conducted studies involving combined MR spectroscopy and optical imaging to evaluate tumors derived from human prostate cancer cells stably transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and expressing GFP under hypoxic conditions. The studies routinely revealed coarse colocalization between tCho maps obtained with MRS and hypoxic fluorescing regions detected with optical imaging. Subsequent studies produced evidence suggesting that hypoxia increases tCho, which might contribute to the heterogeneous distribution of tCho observed in vivo.