jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neural Circuits Underlying Circadian Oscillations in Mammals: Clocks in a Dish

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In mammals, the part of the nervous system responsible for most circadian behavior can be localized to a bilaterally paired structure in the hypothalamus known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Understanding this mammalian circadian system will require a detailed multilevel analysis of neural SCN circuits. Many of the techniques and approaches that are used for the analysis of the circuitry driving circadian oscillations in the SCN are similar to those employed in other brain regions. There is, however, one fundamental difference that needs to be taken into consideration, that is, the physiological, cellular, and molecular properties of SCN neurons vary with the time of day. These cells continue to oscillate in the dish, so the daily circadian cycle always needs to be a consideration regardless of the experimental preparation. In this chapter, we will consider the preparations and techniques that we have used to analyze the SCN circuit including acute brain slice, slice culture, and disassociated neurons.
Build Encrypted Interconnection Networks by application of IP Security and Mac Address Filtering Authentication Methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To improve the security in data networks we use of IP Security and MAC Address Filtering authentication methods on network devices is very useful to be able to protect, verify and filter company data especially if data contain sensitive information like credit cards while using public data network. IP Security authentication provides integrity between connections, then Filtering MAC Address can help the router task to be able recognize users on the network, So that expected the combination between IP Security and Mac Address Filtering will provide security for every transfer and receive data from Headquarter to branch office, then the company doesn't have to worry about data package being robbed or manipulated by the unauthorized parties.
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type 54: clinical and neurophysiological aspects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A clinical case of a boy aged 20 months old with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) type 54 due to mutated HNRNPU gene presumably suffering from genetic generalized epilepsy and impaired psychomotor development is described. Exome-wide sequencing was carried out by using NextSeq 500 (Illumina, USA). Video electroencephalographic (VEEG) monitoring was conducted by using NeuroScope NS425 (Biola, Russia). The patient was noted to suffer from neonatal delayed motor development and muscular hypotonia with atypical petit mal epilepsy with regional onset at the occipital-parietal-posterior temporal areas based on VEEG data developed at age of eight months as well as progressive psychoemotional disorders. Ethosuximide and valproic acid administered together were efficient in alleviating EIEE seizures that requires to be further followed up. The data obtained allow to identify a precise etiology of epilepsy and apply a differential approach to administer anti-epileptic agents.
Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Interplay with Th-17 Cell Response Pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (UC-MSCs) were assessed, as an immunomodulatory therapeutics, for their dynamic interaction with the Th-17 immune response pathway. UC-MSCs were able to modulate lymphocyte response by promoting a Th-17-like profile. Such modulation depended on the cell ratio of the co-cultures as well as the presence of an inflammatory setting. UC-MSCs significantly increased the expression of IL-17A and RORγt but differentially modulated IL-23R expression by T cells. In parallel, the secretion profile of the fifteen factors (1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-21, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, INF-γ, sCD40, and TNF-α) involved in the Th-17 immune response pathway was substantially altered during these co-cultures. Upregulation of cytokines and regulatory mediators demonstrates the capacity of UC-MSCs to sense and actively respond to tissue challenges. Protein network and functional enrichment analysis indicated that several biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components linked to distinct Th-17 signaling interactions are involved in several trophic, inflammatory and immune network responses. These immunological changes and interactions with the Th-17 pathway are likely critical to tissue healing and may help to identify molecular targets that will improve therapeutic strategies involving UC-MSCs.
Early Blood Pressure Targets in Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

IMPORTANCE: Early blood pressure management is central to neurologic resuscitation of spinal cord injury; however, the role of augmented blood pressure is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of augmented vs conventional blood pressure on 6-month neurologic outcomes after acute spinal cord injury. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multicenter randomized clinical trial took place from October 3, 2017, to July 26, 2023, and assessed patients 18 years or older with spinal cord injury followed up for 6 months at 13 large US trauma centers. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were equally randomized to augmented (>85-90 mm Hg) or conventional (>65-70 mm Hg) mean arterial pressure for 7 days or until intensive care unit discharge. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary end points were change in motor and sensory American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale scores from baseline to 6 months. Safety end points included organ dysfunction and complications. RESULTS: The trial randomized 92 patients (mean [SD] age, 53.78 [18.74] years; 76 [83%] male). At 6 months, 38 patients had completed follow-up and 15 had died. Among survivors, there were no mean (SD) differences in change from baseline in upper extremity motor scores (34.95 [3.25] vs 32.95 [3.65]; difference, 2.48; 95% CI, -5.93 to 10.90; P = .55), lower extremity motor scores (18.53 [4.62] vs 19.95 [4.59]; difference, -4.56; 95% CI, -16.11 to 7.03; P = .43), or total sensory scores (108.47 [12.49] vs 130.89 [14.87]; difference, -32.00; 95% CI, -65.40 to 1.40; P = .06) comparing the augmented and conventional groups. The augmented group had higher mean (SD) modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores (excluding cardiovascular components) at day 3 (1.65 [1.79] vs 0.80 [1.10]; difference, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.23-1.47; P = .008) and day 6 (1.55 [1.82] vs 0.80 [1.35]; difference, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.05-1.44; P = .04), longer mechanical ventilatory support (9.44 [15.27] vs 3.78 [8.42] days; difference, 5.67 days; 95% CI, 0.48-10.85 days; P = .03), and more respiratory complications (36 [78%] vs 18 [39%]; risk difference, 40%; 95% CI, 22%-58%; P < .001) than the conventional group. No differences in mortality or other secondary outcomes were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although underpowered, this randomized clinical trial of patients with spinal cord injury did not demonstrate better neurologic recovery comparing early augmented and conventional blood pressure and calls this practice into question. Further study is needed to identify groups who may benefit from augmenting blood pressure and determine potential harm mechanisms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02878850.
Preclinical development of the AMC-HepaRG-Bioartificial Liver

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acuut Leverfalen (ALF) en acuut-op-chronisch leverfalen (ACLF) zijn ziektebeelden die alleen met een levertransplantatie te behandelen zijn. Helaas sterft een aanzienlijk deel van de patiënten omdat er geen donorlever beschikbaar is, ze niet in aanmerking komen voor transplantatie, of omdat hun uitganssituatie te slecht was. De AMC-Bioartificiële-Lever (BAL), ofwel kunstlever, is bedoeld om de leverfunctie van deze patiënten te ondersteunen totdat een donorlever beschikbaar komt of, nog beter, tot de eigen lever herstelt. Het doel van dit poefschrift was om de AMC-BAL richting klinische toepassing te ontwikkelen en om meer inzicht te krijgen in het functioneren van HepaRG cellen. Er wordt een literatuuroverzicht gegeven van beschikbare potentiele celbronnen voor kunstlevers, waarbij geconcludeerd wordt dat de ontwikkeling van levercellen uit stamcellen de laatste jaren vorderde, maar dat de functionaliteit nog ver achterblijft bij die van HepaRG cellen. Daarna volgen studies waarin HepaRG cellen verder worden gekarakteriseerd onder uiteenlopende omstandigheden. De functionaliteit van de cellen verbeterde onder hogere zuurstofconcentraties en in 3D kweekplatforms, fenomenen die nauw bleken te correleren met toegenomen mitochondriële biogenese. Ook werd de tolerantie van de cellen voor zowel gezond bloedplasma als dat uit een ALF-achtergrond bestudeerd, waarbij een toxische fractie werd gekarakteriseerd die een sterke pro-inflammatoire respons teweeg bracht en leverdifferentiatie omkeerde. Cellen in kunstlevers bleken hier minder gevoelig voor dan cellen in monolagen, na 16 uur blootstelling kon het effect grotendeels geneutraliseerd worden. De opgedane kennis werd vervolgens ingezet om de HepaRG AMC-BAL op te schalen van 9mL naar 540mL, groot genoeg om een patiënt te ondersteunen.
Non-adherence in difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis from the perspectives of patients and rheumatologists: a concept mapping study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Treatment non-adherence is more frequent among difficult-to-treat (D2T) than among non-D2T RA patients. Perceptions of non-adherence may differ. We aimed to thematically structure and prioritize barriers to (i.e. causes and reasons for non-adherence) and facilitators of optimal adherence from the patients’ and rheumatologists’ perspectives. Methods Patients’ perceptions were identified in semi-structured in-depth interviews. Experts selected representative statements regarding 40 barriers and 40 facilitators. Twenty D2T and 20 non-D2T RA patients sorted these statements during two card-sorting tasks: first, by order of content similarity and, second, content applicability. Additionally, 20 rheumatologists sorted the statements by order of content applicability to the general RA population. The similarity sorting was used as input for hierarchical cluster analysis. The applicability sorting was analysed using descriptive statistics, prioritized and the results compared between D2T RA patients, non-D2T RA patients and rheumatologists. Results Nine clusters of barriers were identified, related to the healthcare system, treatment safety/efficacy, treatment regimen and patient behaviour. D2T RA patients prioritized adverse events and doubts about effectiveness as the most important barriers. Doubts about effectiveness were more important to D2T than to non-D2T RA patients (P = 0.02). Seven clusters of facilitators were identified, related to the healthcare system and directly to the patient. All RA patients and rheumatologists prioritized a good relationship with the healthcare professional and treatment information as the most helpful facilitators. Conclusions D2T RA patients, non-D2T RA patients and rheumatologists prioritized perceptions of non-adherence largely similarly. The structured overviews of barriers and facilitators provided in this study may guide improvement of adherence.
Risk of establishment of Pierce's disease in main wine-producer regions worldwide

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Pierce’s disease (PD) of grapevines caused by Xylella fastidiosa is currently restricted to North America with a few recent reports in Taiwan and the island of Mallorca in Spain. The underlying biotic and environmental conditions explaining why PD has not spread worldwide remain unexplained. There have been several attempts to predict the climatic conditions suitable for PD using species distribution models. However, few studies have taken into account the distribution of the vectors, an essential factor for accurate risk assessment. Here we first modelled the climatic effects that determine both the development and survival of Xf within the plant. This includes the effect of climatic oscillations in the initial population dynamics of the infected plants under different basic reproductive number scenarios. Secondly, we accounted for the distribution of the main known vector Philaenus spumarius in Europe. We also made predictions in other regions worldwide assuming that the vectors responsible for the disease spreading are abundant enough. The simulation output predicts accurately PD known invaded ranges in the US, Mallorca and Taiwan, and explain the past epidemic patterns in North America. When combined with the distribution of the main vector P. spumarius, the risk for chronic PD in Europe is downscaled to unconnected areas of the Mediterranean coast and islands, with much lower risks in the south Atlantic coast.
Wall-to-Solids Heat Transfer in a Coil-Shaped Rotating Spiral Gas–Solid Contacting Device

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ガスがすべて固体層を通過する気固接触を維持しながら，らせん軸周りの回転で粒子を輸送するコイル状らせん構造をもつ装置を提案した．ステンレス製JIS規格20Aサイズの180°ロングエルボを組み合わせ，5旋回コイル状らせんを作製した．コイルをフレキシブルヒーターで加熱して壁面を一定の温度に保ち，コイルを回転させて粒子を輸送した際の粒子の出入口間温度差と粒子の比熱および粒子輸送速度から，伝熱速度を求めた．伝熱係数はらせん回転速度増加とともに増加した．粒子の熱物性値とらせん回転速度から伝熱係数を与える実験式を得た．コールドモデルで観察したコイル内での粒子の動きから，粒子群がある一定時間壁面に接触しては離れることを繰り返すPacket renewal modelを用いて，粒子の熱物性値からコイル内壁面と粒子の間の伝熱係数を予測した．実測伝熱係数はモデル予測値の0.38–0.50倍となった．
Designing Support to help Health Communication Professionals Convey Numbers Clearly to the Public - A Needs Assessment and Formative Usability Evaluation.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Communicating health-related probabilities to patients and the public presents challenges, although multiple studies have demonstrated that we can promote comprehension and appropriate application of numbers by matching presentation formats (e.g., percentage, bar charts, icon arrays) to communication goal (e.g., improving recall, decreasing worry, taking action). We used this literature to create goal-driven, evidence-based guidance to support health communicators in conveying probabilities. We then conducted semi-structured interviews with 39 health communicators to understand: communicators' goals for expressing probabilities, formats they choose to convey probabilities, and perceptions of prototypes of our "communicating numbers clearly" guidance. We found that communicators struggled to articulate granular goals for their communication, impeding their ability to select appropriate guidance. Future work should consider how best to support health communicators in selecting granular, differentiable goals to support broadly comprehensible information design.
Neural networks can enhance fuzzy corrosion modeling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Corrosion in the petroleum industry is one the major concerns of the managers and engineers. Both upstream and downstream parts face this problem and the companies spend billions of dollars in this area. To remain competitive with the world market and lead the field, this cost must be kept to a minimum. Therefore there is a high demand for a reliable corrosion prediction model, which could assist our decision making. Deterioration modeling is an essential element for both design and operation of oil and gas systems and will increase the life productivity of company assets On the other hand in many engineering problems the available information is vague and sometimes measured data or expert knowledge is too imprecise to justify the use of numbers. Fuzzy logic is a good solution here and helps us to compute with words. However the problem is that you can not train the fuzzy systems, so neural networks may be useful here to add learning capability to fuzzy systems. In this paper the problem of corrosion modeling will be discussed using hybrid neurofuzzy approach. Teaching the fuzzy system with neural networks, and using pressure, temperature, oil and gas production rate, CO2 and H2 S mole percentages of the stream as the model inputs and the corrosion rate as the output, 3-D surfaces for the corrosion rate were obtained and the prediction results of the model which is based on the pattern recognition between input and output parameters is tested. These graphs can be used as a reliable tool in corrosion prediction by managers and engineers.
The Current Issues And Spatial Strategies Concerning The People And Places In Areas Experiencing Population Decline

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

행정안전부를 통해 지정된 89개 인구감소지역은 지방소멸대응기금을 통해 지역의 지방소멸 위기 현안들을 극복하기 위한 기회를 탐색하고 있다. 본 연구는 15인의 전문가 자문단 그룹에 대한 의견수렴을 기반으로 인구감소지역의 현안을 도출하고, 이와 연계하여 공간전략을 제안하는데 목적이 있다. 전문가 의견수렴 결과 사람 측면의 인구감소지역 현안으로 경제활동인구 감소, 저출산ㆍ고령화 사회, 배타적 지역사회 등의 총 6건의 현안과 총 17건의 하위요소를 도출하였다. 장소 측면의 현안으로 물리적 환경 낙후, 생활 인프라 및 서비스 악화 등의 총 6건의 현안과 총 22건의 하위요소를 도출하였다. 아울러 전문가 의견수렴을 통해 8개 범주의 장소 단위 공간전략을 도출하였다. 이는 거점 조성 및 재구조화, 경제활동 기반 마련, 생활 및 정착 인구 확대, 인프라 및 서비스 개선, 특화 주거 공급 및 환경 개선, 지역특화 사업, 공간 장소성 강화, 연계 정책 촉진을 포함하고 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 인구감소지역이 사람과 장소 측면에서 지역의 다양한 현안을 점검하고 이와 연계하여 적용할 수 있는 차별화된 전략들을 통해 대응해야 함을 시사하고 있다.
Chaos analysis of the cortical boundary for the recognition of psychosis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Structural MRI studies in people with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and those in the clinical high-risk (CHR) state have consistently shown volumetric abnormalities that depict changes in the structural complexity of the cortical boundary. The aim of the present study was to employ chaos analysis in the identification of people with psychosis based on the structural complexity of the cortical boundary and subcortical areas. Methods: We performed chaos analysis of the grey matter distribution on structural MRIs. First, the outer boundary points for each slice in the axial, coronal and sagittal view were calculated for grey matter maps. Next, the distance of each boundary point from the centre of mass in the grey matter was calculated and stored as spatial series, which was further analyzed by extracting the Largest Lyapunov Exponent (lambda [λ]), a feature depicting the structural complexity of the cortical boundary. Results: Structural MRIs were acquired from 77 FEP, 73 CHR and 44 healthy controls. We compared λ brain maps between groups, which resulted in statistically significant differences in all comparisons. By matching the λ values extracted in axial view with the Morlet wavelet, differences on the surface relief are observed between groups. Limitations: Parameters were selected after experimentation on the examined sample. Investigation of the effectiveness of the method in a larger data set is needed. Conclusion: The proposed framework using spatial series verifies diagnosis-relevant features and may contribute to the identification of structural biomarkers for psychosis.
Self-Consistent Approach to Solving the Problem of Crystal Lattice Formation in an Electron-Hole Plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We transform the Hubbard Hamiltonian for electrons of ns bands of crystal atoms into the electron-hole Hamiltonian using Shiba operators. We use this Hamiltonian to study the behavior of the electron-hole system as a function of its internal and external parameters and show that in contrast to a one-component electron system, there are no conditions for the appearance of structural phase transitions in this two-component system.
Encounters. Two Studies in the Sociology of Interaction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Encounters erschien in den USA 1961 bei The Bobbs-Merrill Company als erster Band der Reihe Advanced Studies in Sociology und 1973 auf Deutsch unter dem Titel Interaktion: Spaß am Spiel/Rollendistanz bei Piper. Es besteht aus zwei Aufsätzen: Fun in Games (dt.: Spaß am Spiel) und Role Distance (dt.: Rollendistanz). Die theoretischen Bezüge des Bandes stellen Goffmans Auseinandersetzung mit der sozialpsychologischen Gruppenforschung, spieltheoretischen Ansätzen und der kulturanthropologischen Rollentheorie dar. Goffman verlagert mit dem Buch den Fokus interaktionistischer Soziologie von der Gruppe(ninteraktion) weg hin zur Sozialform der Begegnung ("encounter"). Goffman fokussiert damit Fragen der Herstellung und Aufrechterhaltung situativer Ordnung, die in Gruppenperspektive bereits durch die Gruppenstruktur gelöst scheinen. Diese Fragen illustriert er anhand von Spielen als gaming encounter im ersten und anhand vom Rollenhandeln beim Karussellfahren und medizinischen Operationen im zweiten Aufsatz.
DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: EVERYTHING JUST BEGINS (PART I)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A review is devoted to a comorbidity of myocardial infarction and anxious and depressive disorders. In the first part data concerning prevalence of depression in myocardial infarction, pathophysiological mechanisms connecting depression and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are given. Influence of concomitant depressive disorders on clinical state and forecast of patients after myocardial infarction is discussed. The second part of the review (Rational Pharmacother. Cardiol. 2007, 4) will be devoted to the anxious disorders in myocardial infarction as well as to influence of anxious and depressive disorders on life quality of patients with myocardial infarction. Besides, contemporary approaches to the therapy of anxious and depressive disorders in patients with IHD will be discussed.
Interactive animation: a language and system for procedural modeling and motion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A description is given of MML, a special-purpose programming language developed for procedural models. The language is used to specify both the generation of the model and the motion of the objects in the model. A motion specification technique that works well with natural phenomena is presented. It has the advantages of being independent of the detailed structure of the object and lending itself to the construction of good user interfaces for animation systems. The MML language can be used to produce both interactive and batch animation programs. The user interface for the interactive animation programs is automatically constructed by the MML system. Several examples of the use of MML are given.< >
Stability analysis of pure lines and a multiline of soybean in different locations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract To compare agronomic performance and phenotypic stability among individual soybean lines and a multiline, eight cultivars and a mixture of them were evaluated in six environments in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 crop seasons. At maturity, grain yield (bg ha-1), lodging score, plant height (cm), and first pod height (cm) were evaluated. In the 2015/2016 season, the grain oil and protein content were also evaluated. The GxE interaction was determined by the ecovalence method. The cultivar V-TOP RR had the highest yield, but it was also the highest contributor to the GxE interaction, while the multiline was one of the most stable. The average yield of the multiline did not differ from the average yield of the lines, i.e., the multiline was stable and high yielding. For the other traits, there were no differences between the averages of lines and the multiline by the confidence interval. The mixture of lines is an efficient strategy to increase phenotypic stability in soybean.
Ground State Structure of the Metallic Hydrogen

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

By using Heine-Abarencov pseudopotential method with mono-parameter rc, the expressions for ground state energy (rs), pressure P (rs), and bulk modulus B(rs) of metallic hydrogen (fcc, bcc, and hcp structures) are derived. Based on Gibbs free energy function criterion, the calculation shows that cold metallic hydrogen lattice (T = 0K) belongs to hcp structure.