jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Setting the Frame and Establishing Boundaries

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Setting the frame is essential to any type of psychotherapy, it establishes boundaries and sets up a safe relationship in which patient and therapist can work. The frame of psychotherapy includes: role, time, setting, money, contact information, what to do in the event of an emergency, confidentiality and issues relating to traineeship. A role is a part or function that we play in a particular situation. To set up a psychotherapeutic situation, we set aside a specific, consistent period of time during which our attention is focused exclusively on the patient. There are three major reasons why patients might need to contact the therapist outside of session time: emergencies, the need to cancel or reschedule a session and to request medication refills. A boundary is defined as the edge of appropriate behavior. Boundary "crossing" is a benign deviation from the frame that may advance the treatment and does not harm the patient.
Early urate-lowering therapy in gouty arthritis with acute flares: a double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Gouty arthritis (GA) is a chronic systemic disease with recurrent acute monoarthritis. In a previous study, a higher incidence of acute flares was observed during the initial marked decrease in serum urate level. Our study evaluated the effect of early urate-lowering therapy in patients with acute GA flares. Methods This study included 40 patients with acute GA; of them, 20 received colchicine 0.5 mg colchicine twice daily, while 20 received probenecid 500 mg and colchicine 0.5 mg twice daily. We evaluated GA severity and laboratory data for two weeks after the initial therapy. Results Rapidly decreasing serum uric acid levels was found in the patients treated with probenecid and colchicine compared with the patients treated with colchicine alone on day 8 (-1.77 ± 2.037 vs 1.24 ± 2.084; P < 0.0001). However, the mean decrease in visual analog scale score did not differ significantly between the two groups (-5.20 ± 3.09 vs -3.63 ± 2.38; P = 0.079). Conclusion No significant increase was noted in acute gout flare severity or duration among GA patients treated with early aggressive control of hyperuricemia using probenecid plus colchicine.
Was macht Luxus aus?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Das, was wir unter Luxus verstehen, verändert sich im Zeitverlauf: In den 1950er Jahren galten Waschmaschinen, Fernseher, ein Pkw oder ein Urlaub an der Adria als Luxus. Im Preisindex für die Lebenshaltung, den das Statistische Bundesamt 1952 herausgab, kamen sie als gebräuchliche Konsumgüter nicht. Stattdessen gab es Zinkwanne, Röhrenradio im Pressgehäuse, Herrenfahrrad und Eisenbahn-Wochenkarte bei mittlerer Entfernung — 15 km. Heute haben die Reiseveranstalter die Adria immer noch im Programm. Sie geben aber längst separate Luxuskataloge heraus, in denen Villen in der Karibik oder auf den Seychellen ebenso angeboten werden wie Shopping- Trips nach Dubai oder New York.
Influence of pyridoxine on the oxygen transport function of blood in the neonatal period in clinical and experimental conditions.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A significant increase of the P50 value of blood (the pO2 value of O2 half saturated blood at 37 degrees C, pH 7.40 and pCO2 of 5.33 kPa) was observed on symptom free premature newborns, mature newborns requiring intensive care and newborn rabbits treated with high dose of pyridoxine (Vitamin B6). The change seemed to be independent of the 2,3-DPG content of blood. The moderate but consistently favourable influence of vitamin B6 treatment on the O2 transport function of blood can be advantageous in early postnatal adaptation disturbances of newborns.
The role of national culture on email usage among non-academic staff in Malaysian public universities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Malaysian government has made extensive investment in the expansion of ICT and email usage in workplaces, particularly in the Higher Education Institutions. However, the levels of ICT as well as email usage have still not reached its optimum level, particularly in public universities. This study investigates the role of national culture on email usage among non-academic staff in Malaysian public universities using Hofstede’s National Culture mediated by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data was collected by using survey questionnaires among 217 non-academic staff in four public universities in Malaysia. The study found a significant positive relationship between long-term orientation (LT) and indulgence (I) with perceived ease of use (PEOU) while a significant negative relationship between power distance (PD) with perceived ease of use (PEOU). This study also found that the relationship between collectivism (C) and uncertainty avoidance (UA) with perceived usefulness (PU) on email usage is negative. Finally, both PEOU and PU have a significant positive relationship with email usage and PEOU has a significant positive relationship with PU on email usage. In conclusion, Malaysian public universities perceive that emails become more useful when they are easy to be utilised and that individual long-term orientation and indulgence of work affect this thought.
Familial congenital glaucoma and epilepsy: a case series.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present two siblings from consanguineous marriage, both with congenital glaucoma and seizure disorders with progressive visual impairment and blindness. The pedigree showed that five (one male and four females) of the eleven siblings have varied degrees of visual impairment to blindness with seizure disorders. To the best of our knowledge, familial congenital glaucoma with epilepsy has not been reported, hence the communication to highlight this unusual condition which could be an association or syndromic.Key words: Consanguinity, Familial, Congenital glaucoma, Epilepsy.
Aspectos de diseño y seguridad en apartaderos de túneles de carretera

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Lay-bys in road tunnels are built to be used during tunnel operation, both for users in case of emergency and for operating services. According to the specific regulations of each country, after a certain length of the tunnel, among other factors, those lay-bys need to be built at certain distances between them. The geometry of the lay-bys presents differences depending on the different regulations. Some of these regulations are presented in this article. Lay-bys also present some issues that need special attention, like the knowledge of accidents that have occurred in various tunnels due to frontal collisions, more or less offset, of light and heavy vehicles against the facing end of the lay-bys. The solutions to mitigate the effects of such collisions, very often with serious consequences for the occupants of the vehicles, need be addressed through physical testing that can validate the protection systems to be installed in the tunnels.
Clinical comparison of two contrast agents for oral cholecystography: radiologic efficacy and drug safety of iopanoic acid and iopronic acid.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oral doses of either iopronic acid (4.5 g Oravue, Squibb) or iopanoic acid (3 g Telepaque, Winthrop) were given to 98 patients requiring cholecystography. Radiographs were taken 13 to 16 hours after treatment showed good to excellent gallbladder opacification in 44 percent of patients after the first dose of iopronic acid and in an additional 29 percent after a second dose. Similar opacification occurred in 42 percent of patients after the first dose of iopanoic acid and in 34 percent after a second dose. Drug-related abnormalities in blood and urine tests occurred about equally in both groups and one patient in each group exhibited a clinically adverse reaction (diarrhea). Thus, the performance (radiographic efficacy and drug safety) of the new contrast agent, iopronic acid, was similar to a widely used drug, iopanoic acid.
Absorption, Translocation, and Phytotoxicity of Glyphosate in Bulbous Oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatiusvar.bulbosum)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Efficacy of glyphosate on bulbous oatgrass, a creeping perennial grass, was investigated in greenhouse and growth chamber studies. Glyphosate at 1.2 and 2.5 kg ae ha −1 significantly reduced corm formation and corm viability. Glyphosate controlled bulbous oatgrass when applied at the 4- to 5- or 6- to 7-leaf stage. With 2.5 kg ha −1 , a 24-h period between glyphosate application and removal of the shoots was sufficient to cause maximum reduction in regrowth. Total amount of 14 C translocated out of leaves treated with radiolabeled glyphosate (1.0 kg ha −1 total glyphosate) did not differ among growth stages, but more 14 C accumulated in the dormant corms when glyphosate was applied at the 2- to 3-leaf stage than at the 4- to 5- or 6- to 7-leaf stages. Lack of correlation between maximum plant injury and glyphosate accumulation in corms is not understood but may be related to differences in application method in the two studies.
Enhanced Thermostability of Pseudomonas nitroreducens Isoeugenol Monooxygenase by the Combinatorial Strategy of Surface Residue Replacement and Consensus Mutagenesis

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Vanillin has many applications in industries. Isoeugenol monooxygenase (IEM) can catalyze the oxidation of isoeugenol to vanillin in the presence of oxygen under mild conditions. However, the low thermal stability of IEM limits its practical application in the biosynthesis of natural vanillin. Herein, two rational strategies were combined to improve the thermostability of IEM from Pseudomonas nitroreducens Jin1. Two variants (K83R and K95R) with better thermostability and one mutant (G398A) with higher activity were identified from twenty candidates based on the Surface Residue Replacement method. According to the Consensus Mutagenesis method, one mutant (I352R) with better thermostability and another mutant (L273F) with higher activity were also identified from nine candidates. After combinatorial mutation, a triple mutant K83R/K95R/L273F with the best thermostability and catalytic efficiency was generated. Compared with the wild-type IEM, the thermal inactivation half-lives (t1/2) of K83R/K95R/L273F at 25 °C, 30 °C, and 35 °C increased 2.9-fold, 11.9-fold, and 24.7-fold, respectively. Simultaneously, it also exhibited a 4.8-fold increase in kcat, leading to a 1.2-fold increase in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km). When the whole cell of K83R/K95R/L273F was applied to the biotransformation of isoeugenol on preparative scale, the vanillin concentration reached 240.1 mM with space-time yield of 109.6 g/L/d, and vanillin was achieved in 77.6% isolated yield and >99% purity.
A model for the formation and propagation of faults from the coalescence of smaller-scale systems of cracks: Finite Element Method-based numerical approach

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The 2D, plane strain, Finite Element Method-based linear elastic model that I present aims to assess the differential stress response to variations in the geometric configuration of a system of multiple collinear elliptic cracks intercepting a body of rock undergoing elastic deformation. The assumption underlying this simulation is that a collection of thin voids in a continuum medium can replicate the features observed in a system consisting of rough fault profiles in partial contact subjected to shear. The linear elastic model is designed to reproduce the stress and displacement fields around a rough fault, with a specific focus on stress concentration around its contact asperities. The model also allows to record the principal stress field on the domain for a wide range of scales and geometric properties of the system of collinear cracks embedded in the deforming rock. Analyzing the dependence of differential stress on parameters describing the geometry of rough fractures allows for considerations on the primary factors influencing brittle failure. Additionally, the examination of principal stresses around the tips of the cracks helps evaluate the potential orientation of new fracture patterns that may emerge when the yield strength of the deforming material is locally exceeded. The magnitude and orientation of the principal stresses are also crucial for the understanding of fracture coalescence and frictional reactivation of shear cracks in an elastic rock, which in turn is one of the main factors that govern the seismic cycle of natural faults. Furthermore, a comparison of the results of the present model with recent wing crack models of brittle creep suggest that our code may also be useful to obtain estimates of the critical distance between cracks for their interaction to coalesce into larger fractures. The process is assumed to indefinitely continue at greater scales, which offers the chance to propose a model for fault formation and propagation.
A new record of Eotetranychus libocedri (McGregor, 1936) (Prostigmata, Tetranychidae) from Russia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Eotetranychus libocedri (McGregor, 1936) is recorded for the first time in Russia. As it is often the case, this species was collected in urban environments on two different ornamental plants, all belonging to Cupressaceae. Among them, Platycladus orientalis is a new host plant.
Genetically Optimized Tcsc Controller For Transient Stability Improvement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a procedure for modeling and tuning the parameters of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC) controller in a multi-machine power system to improve transient stability. First a simple transfer function model of TCSC controller for stability improvement is developed and the parameters of the proposed controller are optimally tuned. Genetic algorithm (GA) is employed for the optimization of the parameter-constrained nonlinear optimization problem implemented in a simulation environment. By minimizing an objective function in which the oscillatory rotor angle deviations of the generators are involved, transient stability performance of the system is improved. The proposed TCSC controller is tested on a multi-machine system and the simulation results are presented. The nonlinear simulation results validate the effectiveness of proposed approach for transient stability improvement in a multimachine power system installed with a TCSC. The simulation results also show that the proposed TCSC controller is also effective in damping low frequency oscillations.
Novel Variant in CBP domain of GLI3 underlying Postaxial Polydactyly

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polydactyly is common congenital limb anomaly characterized by having extra fingers or toes and can be either syndromic or non-syndromic. GLI3 plays an important role in limb development via the Sonic Hedgehog signaling system.&nbsp;<br /><strong>Methods and results:</strong> In this study, we examined a Pakistan family with postaxial polydactyly in an autosomal dominant manner. Clinical assessment confirmed non-syndromic presentation without further systemic abnormalities. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger validation identified a novel heterozygous missense variant in GLI3 (Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 3) [NM_000168.6: c.3199C&gt;T; p. (Pro1067Ser)].<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This novel variant expands the GLI3 mutation spectrum and highlights the importance of comprehensive genetic screening for accurate diagnosis and counselling of families with isolated polydactyly.</p>
Carnal relations: embodied sight in Roger Bacon, Merleau-Ponty and St Francis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Book synopsis: This article attempts a medieval Christian rereading of Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s enigmatic and unfinished text, The Visible and the Invisible. Along the way, it complicates current notions of ocularcentrism, as well as the idea of an embodied gaze. The privileged term in these historical fragments is flesh: in Merleau-Ponty and in medieval Christianity, a carnal presence insinuates itself into the relations between bodies, between things and thoughts, self and world. In the end, the speculative encounter between the two central studies offers a new perspective on debates about the historiography of vision and the peculiar potency of the visual world.
In a Spirit of Compromise: The Irish Doctrine of Excessive Defence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

According to Robert Louis Stevenson compromise is the best and cheapest lawyer of all. Lawyers love a compromise. The notion of compromise does not sit so well in the context of the adversarial criminal justice system in general. The doctrine of excessive defence has been traced back as far as the seventeenth century. Many defendants who kill in an excessive defence situation will be able to claim a loss of self-control. The first is to follow the approach of the Irish Law Reform Commission in retaining an objective approach to self-defence whilst mitigating it in cases of homicide by a doctrine of excessive defence. Lack of precision in the legal context is often seen as the unforgiveable sin. Thus for instance it has been argued that in certain contexts such as contract and international law the constructive use of ambiguity might help to sustain important relationships that otherwise would not survive.
Recognising F-response interference as a source of increased jitter in stimulated single fibre EMG

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine the source of an abnormal pattern of latency shifts leading to falsely high jitters in single fibre electromyography (SFEMG). Methods: We observed a sudden shortening of the latency to an individual single fibre spike component followed by a gradual return to baseline values during stimulation single fibre electromyography (SFEMG) of the facial muscle. The pattern could be reproduced in healthy controls. Results: The sudden decrease in latency proved to follow an additional discharge of the muscle fibre, not due to the external stimulus. This additional discharge was identified as an F-response. Conclusions: The mechanism is thought to be a higher muscle fibre conduction velocity resulting from a temporary increase in stimulus frequency, in the form of an extra impulse along the muscle fibre represented by the F-response. Significance: The typical abnormal pattern should be recognised because it can falsely increase the mean jitter. We advice to increase the time base to 50 ms if this pattern is observed and to exclude the affected potentials from jitter measurements.
Overview of existing knowledge concerning food behaviour interventions out-of-home, in the working environment and in online settings : a literature quick scan -WP1 -Food, Value, Impact

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this deliverable of the PPS project Food, Value, Impact an overview is made of scientific food behaviour intervention studies with a focus on three real-life settings that have a central role in this project, namely out-of-home, the working environment and online(i.e., web-based food behaviour interventions through websites or apps). This deliverable provides insight into which type of behavioural interventions have been tested and are particularly effective in stimulating healthy and/or sustainable food choices in each of these three settings. The overview is based on 89 studies in total (out-of-home: 24; working environment: 33; online: 32), that were found by doing a literature search in the database Web of Science. Results show that in the settings out-of-homeand working environment most interventions tested a type of nudging strategy to stimulate healthy and/or sustainable food choices, whereas in the setting onlinemost interventions tested forms of information and/or education in order to entice consumers to make more healthy and/or sustainable food choices. Moreover, most studies focus on interventions related to healthy food choices. The large majority of the interventions that were included in the quick scan were successful in stimulating the targeted behaviour.This overview can be helpful for researchers who are involved in the project Food, Value, Impact or who are interested or want to develop an intervention in one of these settings (e.g. the use cases). Note that the studies that are described in this deliverable are based on a quick scan of the literature and cannot be labelled as a systematic review. The articles described depend on the search criteria that were set for the literature search. Therefore it is possible that some relevant studies might be missing. Nevertheless, this literature quick scan gives an indication of which intervention components are particularly effective in stimulating healthy and/or sustainable food choicesineach of the three settings.
A tool for the consensual analysis of decision-making scenarios

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The authors believe there is a need for novel ways of enhancing professional judgment and discretion in the contemporary healthcare environment. The objective is to provide a framework to guide a discursive analysis of an ongoing clinical scenario by a small group of healthcare professionals (4–12) to achieve consensual understanding in the decision-making necessary to resolve specific healthcare inadequacies and promote organisational learning. REPVAD is an acronym for the framework’s five decision-making dimensions of reasoning, evidence, procedures, values, attitudes and defences. The design is set out in terms of well-defined definitions of the dimensions, a rationale for using REPVAD, and explications of dimensions one at a time. Furthermore, the REPVAD process of application to a scenario is set out, and a didactic scenario is given to show how REPVAD works together with a sample case. A discussion is fleshed out in four real life student cases, and a conclusion indicates strengths and weaknesses and the possibility of further development and transferability. In terms of findings, the model has been tried, tested and refined over a number of years in the development of advanced practitioners at university healthcare faculties in two European countries. Consent was obtained from the four participating students.