jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Current Therapeutic Strategies of Xeroderma Pigmentosum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by a defect in the DNA repair system, exhibiting skin cancer on sun exposure. As it is an incurable disease, therapeutic strategies of this disease are critical. This review article takes an attempt to explore the current therapeutic advancements in XP. Different approaches including sun avoidance; surgical removal of cancerous lesions; laser and photodynamic therapy; use of retinoid, 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, photolyase, and antioxidant; interferon therapy and gene therapy are chosen by doctors and patients to lessen the adverse effects of this disease. Among these options, sun avoidance, use of 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod, and interferon therapy are effective. However, some approaches including laser and photodynamic therapy, and the use of retinoids are effective against skin cancer having severe side effects. Furthermore, surgical removal of cancerous lesions and use of antioxidants are considered to be effective against this disease; however, efficacies of these are not experimentally determined. In addition, some approaches including oral vismodegib, immunotherapy, nicotinamide, acetohexamide, glimepiride-restricted diet are found to be effective to minimize the complications secondary to defects in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) system and also enhance the NER, which are under experimental level yet. Besides these, gene therapy, including the introduction of missing genes and genome edition, may be a promising approach to combat this disease, which is also not well established now. In the near future, these approaches may be effective tools to manage XP.
Features of α‐HBDH in COVID‐19 patients: A cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) has spread all over the world and brought extremely huge losses. At present, there is a lack of study to systematically analyze the features of hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α‐HBDH) in COVID‐19 patients. Methods Electronic medical records including demographics, clinical manifestation, α‐HBDH results and outcomes of all included patients were extracted. Results α‐HBDH in COVID‐19 group was higher than that in excluded group ( p < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in α‐HBDH before and after the exclusion of 5 patients with comorbidity in heart or kidney ( p = 0.671). In COVID‐19 group, the α‐HBDH value in ≥61 years old group, severe group, and critical group, death group all increased at first and then decreased, while no obvious changes were observed in other groups. And there were significant differences of the α‐HBDH value among different age groups ( p < 0.001), clinical type groups ( p < 0.001), and outcome groups ( p < 0.001). The optimal scale regression model showed that α‐HBDH value ( p < 0.001) and age ( p < 0.001) were related to clinical type. Conclusions α‐HBDH was increased in COVID‐19 patients, obviously in ≥61 years old, death and critical group, indicating that patients in these three groups suffer from more serious heart and kidney and other tissues and organs damage, higher α‐HBDH value, and risk of death. The difference between death and survival group in early stage might provide a approach to judge the prognosis. The accuracy of the model to distinguish severe/critical type and other types was 85.84%, suggesting that α‐HBDH could judge the clinical type accurately.
Tinjauan Teologis Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TGT (Team Games Tournament) [A Theological Review of the TGT Type Cooperative Learning Model]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of education from Christian perspective is the effort of restoring the image of God that has been broken in human creature since human has fallen into sin. The sinful nature of human has destroyed the relationship between God and human so that human cannot understand and please God anymore. Through Christ redemption, now human has two ways to understand God, which are through general revelation and special revelation. General revelation is the world as His creation, and special revelation is His words that have been written in the Bible. Special revelation, fundamentally, is a metaphysical framework for Christians to understand God’s creation. The discovery of some education theories has given many impacts in education world. But, since human has fallen into sin, the theories become misdirection and misinterpreted. The analysis of a theory of education from Christian perspective is needed to be done so that the theory stays in God’s truth just like what God has revealed in his word. In this paper, the cooperative learning type team games tournament (TGT) is tried to be explained from theology analysis. The steps that have been done are doing the analysis presupposition og TGT, then added the theology analysis, and at the end there is a reconstruction of cooperative learning model type TGT from Christian perspective. This paper might be a reference from people who involve in Christian education to practice the cooperative learning model type TGT based on Christian values.
Father and Son Mentoring for the Perpetuation of Legacy: Developing a Grounded Theory.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to expand upon our present knowledge of mentoring between fathers and emerging-adult sons. Specifically, this study sought to identify strategies, procedures and skills involved with this type of mentoring, as well as barriers and benefits associated with these relationships with the goal of developing a grounded theory of father/son mentoring. Using an embedded mixed method research design, I interviewed six father-son dyads from Hawaiʻi, the continental US and Europe, augmented with scores from two scales. Grounded theory guided data collection and analysis. Scores from the two scales were treated as descriptive during the cross-case-analysis. Highly effective father/son mentoring was characterized by a multifaceted approach to mentoring that included the development and use of multiple strategies, skills and procedures. Less effective examples tended to be overly reliant upon singular approaches to mentoring interactions. While highly effective dyads were able to identify and discuss barriers, less effective dyads struggled to identify ways they could improve their relationships. As a goaldirected activity, father/son mentoring was often focused on the perpetuation of legacy. These findings were further demonstrated through the development of a grounded theory with an associated metaphor of weaving a basket. One unexpected discovery related to fathers mentoring their sons who were on the autism spectrum. This study sheds light on the relatively unstudied phenomenon of father-son mentoring and lays a foundation for future inquiry which might include larger sample sizes and other types of research design.
Fingerprint sensor based on interior optical characteristics of the finger

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Fingerprints are widely used as a method of personal authentication because they have the best balance among authentication performance, cost, device size, and ease of use. However, conventional fingerprint sensors have problems: the quality of the fingerprint pattern is sometimes not good due to the condition of the finger surface, such as moisture or wrinkles. These problems are caused by the operating principle of the sensors. Most fingerprint sensors detect a fingerprint pattern from the presence or absence of convexities and concavities of the finger surface. To solve these problems, we have devised a new kind of fingerprint sensor, which detects a fingerprint pattern by the use of optical characteristics inside the finger. This method is based on the new scientific discovery that a layer of skin inside the finger has a transmittance distribution corresponding to the pattern of the concavities and convexities of the finger surface. Therefore, this method can detect stable fingerprint images at all times regardless of the finger surface conditions (moisture, wrinkles). In this paper, we describe the principle of a new type of fingerprint sensor and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed sensor by examples. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(7): 48–56, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10127
Culture strategies, diseases and their mitigations in mono-sex Nile tilapia farming in Jessore sadar region, Bangladesh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A survey was carried out to investigate culture strategies, disease patterns and mitigations in mono-sex Nile tilapia in Jessore sadar region. Data obtained by questionnaire interview, individual interview, telephonic interview, PRA method, mono-sex Nile tilapia farm survey from four villages. It was observed that 30.769% farmers and farm owner had no training about culture of mono-sex Nile tilapia while 69.230% farmers and farm owner received short term training from different Department of Fisheries, different NGOs. Mono-sex Nile tilapia culture in ponds was basically a three-tier culture system. Pre-stocking management of ponds in the study area comprised dike repairing, aquatic weed control, waste soil removal and undesirable species (predator and trash fish) control. Majority (85%) of the farm owners and farmers depends on ground water and only (15%) depends on surface water. About 95% of farm of farm owners controlled aquatic weeds manually. Removal of predatory and undesired fish from pond used different types of chemicals but most used rotenone (80%). Fertilizer of pond preparation (Organic and inorganic) in the study area but mostly used cases inorganic fertilizers had applied at the rate of urea 114 kg/ha and triple superphosphate 60 kg/ha in 4-5 installments. Stocking density of mono-sex Nile tilapia was 200-380 fry per decimal. It was recorded that 85% of mono-sex Nile tilapia farmers and farm owner applied supplementary such as commercially manufactured feed and 12% are applied of farm made feed. It was observed,they provided heavy fertilizer, high stocking density, over feed provided, provided over dose drugs so ultimated result of disease occured. Parasitic related disease, bacterial diseases, fungal diseases, viral diseases were attacked in mono-sex Nile tilapia. Argulosis and Streptococcus were mostly common disease in this mono-sex Nile tilapia farm.
Deriving loudness growth functions from categorical loudness scaling data

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The goal of this study was to reconcile the differences between measures of loudness obtained with continuous, unbounded scaling procedures, such as magnitude estimation and production, and those obtained using a limited number of discrete categories, such as categorical loudness scaling (CLS). The former procedures yield data with ratio properties, but some listeners find it difficult to generate numbers proportional to loudness and the numbers cannot be compared across listeners to explore individual differences. CLS, where listeners rate loudness on a verbal scale, is an easier task, but the numerical values or categorical units (CUs) assigned to the points on the scale are not proportional to loudness. Sufficient CLS data are now available to assign values in sones, a scale proportional to loudness, to the loudness categories. As a demonstration of this approach, data from Heeren, Hohmann, Appell, and Verhey [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133, EL314–EL319 (2013)] were used to develop a CUsone metric, whose values were then substituted for the original CU values in reanalysis of a large set of CLS data obtained by Rasetshwane, Trevino, Gombert, Liebig-Trehearn, Kopun, Jesteadt, Neely, and Gorga [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 137, 1899–1913 (2015)]. The resulting data are well fitted by power functions and are in general agreement with previously published results obtained with magnitude estimation, magnitude production, and cross modality matching.
By-Elections, Local Elections, Euro-Elections and Referendums

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

General elections are the most significant and perhaps most exciting elections which take place in Britain, but they are of course by no means the only ones. Every year there are elections to local authorities, every four years to the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly and every five years to the European Parliament. Parliamentary by-elections, and indeed local government by-elections, occur haphazardly throughout the year. Occasionally, too, there is the extra diversion of a referendum.KeywordsGeneral ElectionCounty CouncilOpinion PollProportional RepresentationLocal ElectionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Methemoglobinemia-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Methemoglobinemia refers to the presence of increased levels of methemoglobin (Fe 3+ ) in the blood. Methemoglobinemia can cause cyanosis, dyspnea, fatigue, seizure, arrhythmia, coma, and even death. Although methemoglobinemia is shown to cause acute kidney injury in experimental settings, human case reports are exceedingly rare. In addition, morphological features of methemoglobinemia-induced renal disease in humans remain undefined. Case Presentation A 76-year-old man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent bronchoscopy following local anesthesia with a benzocaine spray. The patient developed benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia and acute renal failure. Urinalysis disclosed numerous dysmorphic erythrocytes, erythrocyte casts, and granular casts. Urine protein excretion was approximately 1.1 g/day. Serologic tests were negative. Renal biopsy demonstrated minor glomerular abnormalities, severe acute tubular necrosis, and numerous erythrocyte casts in the tubules. Despite supportive care, renal function deteriorated necessitating hemodialysis. Four months later, the patient remained on hemodialysis. To exclude a superimposed pathology, renal biopsy was repeated and showed numerous erythrocyte casts in the tubules and severe tubular damage. Conclusion Methemoglobinemia can cause acute kidney injury in humans. Morphological features resemble those observed in methemoglobin-induced acute kidney injury in experimental settings. This case calls for a heightened awareness of potential adverse effects of methemoglobinemia on renal function.
Hypertrophia Musculorum Vera in Familial Ataxia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A kindred with dominantly inherited ataxia demonstrated hypertrophia musculorum vera as a phenotypic feature of the disease. The proband had fasciculations, cramps, absent sensory nerve action potentials, an increased creatine kinase level, dramatic enlargement of calf muscles, and a muscle biopsy specimen showing denervation accompanied by true muscle fiber hypertrophy; ataxia and other clinical signs of spinocerebellar degeneration were also present. Other family members displayed progressive ataxia and calf muscle enlargement to varying degrees. Though peroneal atrophy is a more common feature of the familial ataxias, some kindreds may have muscle enlargement simulating the pseudohypertrophy of muscular dystrophy that is due instead to denervation-induced compensatory individual fiber hypertrophy.
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Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

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Nature of Science in Preservice Science Teacher Education–Case Studies of Irish Pre-service Science Teachers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Understanding Nature of Science (NOS) is a requisite for improving scientific literacy, and as such, it is increasingly being included in science curricula worldwide. It is now therefore important that teachers understand NOS so that intended learning outcomes become visible in the classroom. Pre-service teachers also need an opportunity to develop an understanding of NOS. As a result of a national curriculum change in the Republic of Ireland, which saw the explicit inclusion of NOS in the school for the first time, the study was designed to develop pre-service teachers (PSTs) understanding of NOS. To aid PSTs understanding, workshops were designed around the theoretical perspective of the Family Resemblance Approach to Nature of Science. The framework is also referred to some authors by the Reconceptualized Family Resemblance Approach or RFN. The article presents case studies to illustrate how the PSTs navigated the ideas presented to them during NOS workshops and how they translated their understanding from the workshops into their lesson preparation. Data were collected over a calendar year, and findings were drawn from interviews, lesson plans, and assessment tools. The results indicate that although the two case-studies in the study had similar attendance and engagement, their understanding of what constituted NOS incorporation differed. The case studies presented are useful for illustrating how PSTs react to courses designed using the RFN framework and for showing evidenced implications for pre-service teacher education during a time of curricular reform.
The Biology of Glucagon and the Consequences of Hyperglucagonemia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The proglucagon-derived peptide hormone, glucagon, comprises 29 amino acids. Its secretion from the pancreatic α cells is regulated by several factors. Glucagon increases blood glucose levels through gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Elevated plasma concentrations of glucagon, hyperglucagonemia, may contribute to diabetes. However, hyperglucagonemia is also observed in other clinical conditions than diabetes, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, glucagon-producing tumors and after gastric bypass surgery. Here, we review the current literature on hyperglucagonemia in disease with a particular focus on diabetes, and finally speculate that the primary physiological importance of glucagon may not reside in glucose homeostasis but in regulation of amino acid metabolism exerted via a hitherto unrecognized hepato-pancreatic feedback loop.
Revisiting climate impacts of an AMOC slowdown: dependence on freshwater locations in the North Atlantic

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The key locations of freshwater input driving Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) slowdown and their climate responses remain inconclusive. Using a state-of-the-art global climate model, we conduct freshwater hosing experiments to reexamine AMOC sensitivity and its climate impacts. The Irminger basin emerges as the most effective region for additional freshwater fluxes, causing the greatest AMOC weakening. While global temperature and precipitation responses are relatively homogeneous, subcontinental responses—especially in the northern mid-latitudes—are heterogeneous. At high latitudes, sea ice responses to freshwater fluxes and associated ice-albedo feedbacks determine temperature changes. In tropical and extratropical regions, temperature dynamics are shaped by atmospheric circulation and oceanic heat transport. Precipitation shows seasonal and regional variability due to altered surface turbulent heat flux and the southward movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The widespread heterogeneity in climate extremes underscores the need to monitor freshwater release regions linked to AMOC slowdown. These findings hold vital implications for understanding paleoclimate and future AMOC impacts.
Gyroviscous stability theory with application to the internal tilt mode of a field-reversed configuration

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The variational formulation for a gyroviscous fluid plasma is constructed. This theory offers a fluid-based description of perpendicular kinetic effects, generally called finite Larmor radius (FLR) effects. This approach avoids the complexity of a more complete kinetic treatment and avoids local singularities that can appear in the standard FLR expansion treatment. The method is applied to the internal tilt mode of a field-reversed configuration (FRC), an instance where standard FLR theory clearly breaks down. The relative simplicity of the variational gyroviscous fluid theory allows easy computation of stability properties, including the scaling of marginal stability conditions.
A “Modest” Primitivist Theory of Truth: The Ineffability of Truth, Effability of the Correspondence Relation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The primitivist theory of truth, i.e., the view that truth cannot be analysed in more fundamental terms, has been cleverly revamped by Jamin Asay, who has combined a primitivist approach to the concept of truth with a deflationary approach to the (metaphysical) property of being true. This paper aims to adjust Asay’s primitivist theory to consistently include the primitiveness of the (pre-theoretical) correspondence relation, grasped by our correspondence intuition, alongside the primitiveness of truth. In the process, I apply a thesis by Rögnvaldur Ingthorsson, according to which the correspondence of beliefs to facts (broadly construed) can occur with no commitment to a correspondence theory of truth. Then I argue why Asay’s theory might not be able to account for the primitiveness of the pre-theoretical correspondence relation. Finally, I use a suggestion by André Kukla concerning the possible entailment between an ineffable insight and its effable consequences, to build a revised primitivist theory of truth.