jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Automated 3D region-based volumetric estimation of optic disc swelling in papilledema using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The six-stage Frisén scale is a qualitative and subjective method for assessing papilledema (optic disc swelling due to raised intracranial pressure) using fundus photographs. The recent introduction of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) presents a promising alternative to enable the 3-D quantitative estimation of papilledema. In this work, we propose an automated region-based volumetric estimation of the degree of papilledema from SD-OCT. After using a custom graph-based approach to segment the surfaces of the swollen optic nerve head, the volumes of the nasal, superior, temporal, and inferior regions are computed. Using a dataset of 70 SD-OCT optic-nerve-head (ONH) SD-OCT scans the Spearman rank correlation coefficients between expert-defined Frisén scale grades and the total retinal (TR) volume, nasal, superior, temporal, inferior regional volumes were 0.737, 0.752, 0.747, 0.770 and 0.758, respectively. Also, a fuzzy k-nearest-neighbor (k-NN) algorithm was used to predict Frisén scale grades (in a leave-one-subject-out fashion). Using multiple features rather than just the TR volume made the resulting mean Frisén grade difference (MGD) between the expert-defined grades 0.386 (down from 0.629) and prediction accuracy 64.29% (up from 41.43%).
Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated ulcers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The gastrointestinal side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, particularly with the development of ulcer bleeding and perforation, probably represent the most important iatrogenic problem in the developed world. Acute mucosal injury is almost universal after consumption of single doses of aspirin [1] and, although acute injury is a little slower to develop with nonaspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the prevalence of ulcers in patients taking NSAIDs or anti-inflammatory doses of aspirin has been shown to be around 20% [2]. In many cases these ulcers remain silent and cause no clinical harm, but a minority result in the ulcer complications of bleeding and perforation at a rate somewhere between 1 in 50 and 1 in 100 patient years [3]. As a result, it is likely that at least 1200 patients per annum in the United Kingdom die as a result of NSAID-associated ulcer complications [4]. Whilst it is important to stress that NSAIDs, particularly aspirin, have additional benefits in terms of protection against cardiovascular disease [5] and cancer [6] which almost certainly more than outweigh these risks, any strategy which could reduce NSAID-associated ulcer disease and complications is welcome.
Effect of Penicillin on Formation of Fibrous Adhesions in Acute Otitis Media

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fibrous middle ear adhesions are occasionally encountered in middle ear surgery and may cause a hearing impairment. Although usually associated with chronic otitis media, adhesions are also found following a single episode of experimental acute suppurative otitis media, suggesting a pathogenesis based on the inflammatory process engaging acute infection. In a well-established rat model of pneumococcal acute otitis media, we report on the effect of penicillin V on formation of fibrous middle ear adhesions. Previous studies have shown marked impact of penicillin on mucosal goblet cell density and other histopathologic features. Number, anatomic localization, and histopathologic morphology of adhesions were assessed in a longitudinal study of 25 normal, 25 untreated, and 25 treated rats. Although penicillin administration induced a slight tendency toward fewer ears with adhesions and fewer adhesions per ear, these changes were nonsignificant. Histomorphology and the general pattern of anatomic localization of adhesions were unaffected by penicillin administration. We conclude that administration of penicillin has an inconspicuous effect on the formation of fibrous adhesions in experimental acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Nonparametric mean curvature type flows of graphs with contact angle conditions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we study nonparametric mean curvature type flows in $M\times\mathbb{R}$ which are represented as graphs $(x,u(x,t))$ over a domain in a Riemannian manifold $M$ with prescribed contact angle. The speed of $u$ is the mean curvature speed minus an admissible function $ψ(x,u,Du)$. Long time existence and uniformly convergence are established if $ψ(x,u, Du)\equiv 0$ with vertical contact angle and $ψ(x,u,Du)=h(x,u)ω$ with $h_u(x,u)\geq h_0>0$ and $ω=\sqrt{1+|Du|^2}$. Their applications include mean curvature type equations with prescribed contact angle boundary condition and the asymptotic behavior of nonparametric mean curvature flows of graphs over a convex domain in $M^2$ which is a surface with nonnegative Ricci curvature.
"Saul, Can You Make Me a Title?": Interview with Saul Bass

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| October 01 1996 "Saul, Can You Make Me a Title?": Interview with Saul Bass Pamela Haskin, Pamela Haskin Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Saul Bass Saul Bass Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Film Quarterly (1996) 50 (1): 10–17. https://doi.org/10.2307/1213323 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Pamela Haskin, Saul Bass; "Saul, Can You Make Me a Title?": Interview with Saul Bass. Film Quarterly 1 October 1996; 50 (1): 10–17. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1213323 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentFilm Quarterly Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1996 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Tillage, Crop Rotation and Crop Residue Management Effects on Nutrient Availability in a Sweet Sorghum-Based Cropping System in Marginal Soils of South Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The low soil fertility status of South African marginal soils threatens sustainable production of biofuel feedstock in smallholder farmers. It is therefore imperative to development sustainable and optimal management practices that improve soil fertility. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tillage, rotation and crop residue management on nutrient availability in a bioenergy sweet sorghum-based cropping system in marginal soils. Two tillage levels, no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT); two crop rotations, sweet sorghum–grazing vetch–sweet sorghum (SVS) and sweet sorghum–fallow–sweet sorghum (SFS); and three crop residue retention levels, 0%, 15% and 30%, were tested. No-till enhanced total nitrogen, total organic nitrogen (TON), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) by 3.19% to 45% compared to CT. SVS rotation increased ammonium (NH4+-N) and nitrate (NO3−-N) by 3.42% to 5.98% compared to SFS. A 30% crop residue retention increased NH4+-N, NO3−-N, available phosphorus (Available P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), calcium (Ca), Mg and potassium (K) by 3.58% to 31.94% compared to crop residue removal. In the short term, a 30% crop residue retention was the main treatment that enhanced soil fertility. The application of NT−30% was a better practice to enhance soil fertility. However, research on inclusion of crop diversity/intercropping can add more value to the NT–30% practice in enhancing soil fertility.
Amplifying side channels through performance degradation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Interference between processes executing on shared hardware can be used to mount performance-degradation attacks. However, in most cases, such attacks offer little benefit for the adversary. In this paper, we demonstrate that software-based performancedegradation attacks can be used to amplify side-channel leaks, enabling the adversary to increase both the amount and the quality of information captured. We identify a new information leak in the OpenSSL implementation of the ECDSA digital signature algorithm, albeit seemingly unexploitable due to the limited granularity of previous trace procurement techniques. To overcome this imposing hurdle, we combine the information leak with a microarchitectural performancedegradation attack that can slow victims down by a factor of over 150. We demonstrate how this combination enables the amplification of a side-channel sufficiently to exploit this new information leak. Using the combined attack, an adversary can break a private key of the secp256k1 curve, used in the Bitcoin protocol, after observing only 6 signatures-a four-fold improvement over all previously described attacks.
Abstract P447: Index of Concentration at the Extremes and Diabetes Prevalence: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (regards) Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Stark regional and racial disparities in diabetes prevalence exist in the US. Community-level factors (e.g., median income) have been associated with higher diabetes prevalence. However, few studies have investigated how community-level spatial polarization, specifically in race and income, may relate to diabetes burden. Objective: To investigate the association between the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE), a measure that reflects polarization in race and income at the community-level, and individual-level diabetes prevalence. Methods: This analysis included 24,752 Black and White adults age ≥ 45 years at baseline (2003-2007) from the REGARDS Study. The ICE measure quantifies the concentration of community affluence and poverty in a census tract using both income and race jointly, with values ranging from -1 (most deprived) to +1 (most privileged). Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or random glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL or use of diabetes medication. Modified Poisson regression was used to obtain prevalence ratios and 95% CI for the association of ICE quartiles with prevalent diabetes. Results: The overall prevalence of diabetes was 21% and was highest for adults living in the most deprived census tracts (28.3%) and lowest for those living in the most privileged census tracts (12.5%). The association between ICE and prevalent diabetes was graded in crude analyses but attenuated after adjustment for individual-level sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical factors (Table). Conclusion: Communities with greater polarization in race and income had a higher burden of diabetes. This association was mostly explained by individual-level socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Further investigation of community-level attributes and how they relate to individual-level factors that increase diabetes risk is needed.
Estimation of the $l_2$-norm and testing in sparse linear regression with unknown variance

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the related problems of estimating the $l_2$-norm and the squared $l_2$-norm in sparse linear regression with unknown variance, as well as the problem of testing the hypothesis that the regression parameter is null under sparse alternatives with $l_2$ separation. We establish the minimax optimal rates of estimation (respectively, testing) in these three problems.
Decision feedback channel estimation-a precursor for adaptive data transmission management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Two concepts are introduced: first, the notion of adaptive data transmission management to optimize modulation format and coding to channel conditions and, second, as a consequence of this strategy, the proposal of a reverse modulation channel sounding technique for elimination of the irreducible error rate floor, which otherwise limits modem performance under good signal conditions. The adaptive data transmission concept can potentially increase transmission throughput on a practical data network considerably, provided that a suitable protocol can be established for handling the adaptation process. Reverse modulation, a means for obtaining channel fading information from a data signal without recourse to a separate reference transmission, is shown to be highly effective for a specific DPSK (differential phase shift keying) example. Its performance is slightly inferior to that of a reference-based approach but with greatly reduced transmitter complexity and without the requirement for reference location, which is a non negligible overhead in reference tone or reference symbol insertion techniques.
Emergency Medical Technology Students' Awareness and Performance of Standard Precautions in Hospital Infection Control

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

이 연구는 임상실습을 실시하면서 병원감염에 노출되어 있는 응급구조과 학생들을 대상으로 병원감염관리 표준주의 지침의 인지도와 수행도를 파악함으로써 감염예방과 노출을 감소시킬 수 있는 효율적인 실천방안을 마련하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 연구결과 병원감염관리 표준주의 인지도에 비해 수행도가 낮은 결과를 보였고, 인지도와 수행도는 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(r=0.325, p=0.000). 향후 응급구조과 학생들의 병원감염관리 수행도를 증진 시킬 수 있도록 교과과정과 실습기관에서의 지속적인 교육프로그램이 수행되어야 할 것이다. This study was to provide the basic data to raise the efficient practices that can reduce the Infection Prevention and Exposure by understanding the awareness, Performance degree of the Administrative Standard Guideline of Nosocomial Infection Control for Emergency Medical Technician students who are exposed to hospital infections while conducting clinical practice. After the study, the performance degree was lower than the awareness of the Performance degree of the Administrative Standard Guideline of Nosocomial Infection Control. And awareness and performance degree are have significant positive correlation, significant differences statistically(r=0.325, p=0.000). In the future, to improve the Performance degree of Nosocomial Infection Control for Emergency Medical Technician students, the continuing education programs and the curriculums should be performed in the practice agencies.
Use of Diammonium Phosphate to Reduce Heavy Metal Solubility and Transport in Smelter‐Contaminated Soil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Phosphate treatments can reduce metal dissolution and transport from contaminated soils. However, diammonium phosphate (DAP) has not been extensively tested as a chemical immobilization treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate DAP as a chemical immobilization treatment and to investigate potential solids controlling metal solubility in DAP‐amended soils. Soil contaminated with Cd, Pb, Zn, and As was collected from a former smelter site. The DAP treatments of 460, 920, and 2300 mg P kg −1 and an untreated check were evaluated using solute transport experiments. Increasing DAP decreased total metal transported. Application of 2300 mg P kg −1 was the most effective for immobilizing Cd, Pb, and Zn eluted from the contaminated soil. Metal elution curves fitted with a transport model showed that DAP treatment increased retardation ( R ) 2‐fold for Cd, 6‐fold for Zn, and 3.5‐fold for Pb. Distribution coefficients ( K d ) increased with P application from 4.0 to 9.0 L kg −1 for Cd, from 2.9 to 10.8 L kg −1 for Pb, and from 2.5 to 17.1 L kg −1 for Zn. Increased K d values with additional DAP treatment indicated reduced partitioning of sorbed and/or precipitated metal released to mobile metal phases and a concomitant decrease in the concentration of mobile heavy metal species. Activity‐ratio diagrams indicated that DAP decreased solution Cd, Pb, and Zn by forming metal–phosphate precipitates with low solubility products. These results suggest that DAP may have potential for protecting water resources from heavy metal contamination near smelting and mining sites.
Variations inemmType among Group A Streptococcal Isolates Causing Invasive or Noninvasive Infections in a Nationwide Study

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Since the late 1980s several studies have described the increased incidence and severity of invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections. However, most studies on GAS pathogenesis have focused on information obtained during outbreaks. We analyzed isolate distribution and host susceptibility as part of a nationwide prospective surveillance study performed between January 2001 and August 2002. GAS isolates collected from 201 patients with invasive infections, 335 patients with noninvasive infections, and 17 asymptomatic carriers were characterized with respect to their emm types and superantigen genotypes. The superantigen-neutralizing capacity and levels of antibodies against streptolysin O and DNAse B were determined for isolates from the sera from 36 invasive cases and 91 noninvasive cases. emm type 1 ( emm -1) isolates were significantly more common among invasive cases, whereas emm- 4, emm- 6, and emm- 12 dominated among the noninvasive cases. The distributions of the phage-associated superantigen genes ( speA , speC , speH , speI , ssa ) differed among invasive and noninvasive isolates, mainly due to their linkage to certain emm types. No significant differences in serum superantigen-neutralizing capacities were observed. The levels of anti-streptolysin O and anti-DNAse B antibodies were highest in the sera from invasive cases. Our study emphasizes the importance of obtaining data during years with stable incidences, which will enable evaluation of future outbreak data.
Mattering Information: Lee Lozano and Cybernetics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Coming on the heels of Kynaston McShine’s seminal 1970 ‘Information’ show at the Museum of Contemporary Art (MoMA) in New York, Lee Lozano’s first exhibition of language pieces at Nova Scotia College of Art & Design in Halifax the following year was audaciously titled ‘Infofiction’. This paper examines to what extent the artist’s notion of ‘infofiction’, and her conceptual work more generally, challenged the conflation of disembodiment and dematerialisation put forward in MoMA’s conceptual art blockbuster. Framing her practice within feminist analyses of embodied subjectivity, I argue that she challenged contemporaneous artistic and scientific accounts of information as dissociated from its material instantiation. Her prescient reflection on the intertwinement of body and mind, materiality and abstraction, has much to say about the challenges of subjectivity in the digital age.
Basic Concept of Islamic Education from the Perspective of K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The basic concept of Islamic education has emerged along with the emergence of Islam in the world. The Qur'an as a source of knowledge became a different motivator for Muslim intellectuals in the Middle age, so Islam developed rapidly in the century. Along the times, many basic concepts of Islamic education were born; one was from K.H Hasyim Asy'ari: a Kiai and a big figure in the freedom fight. By referring to the Qur'an and Hadith, he emphasized that the basis of Islamic education aims to create perfect humans. He described the concept of Islamic education clearly in several of his books. This study uses a qualitative method of library research, which aims to describe the basic idea of Islamic education from the perspective of K.H Hasyim Asy'ari, which is widely revealed in several of his books, one of them is Adabul 'Alim wa Muta'allim. Library research is the study research that utilizes library data as a data source. Thus, to find out in detail his concept of education, which is focused on not only religious education such as the study of the interpretation of the Qur'an, hadith, ushuluddin, books of the madhhab fiqh, nahwu, Musharraf, and material that discusses Sufism but also studies general, adapted to the times.
Errors and Bias in Using Predictive Scoring Systems

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Scoring systems used to predict clinical outcomes for critically ill patients have been refined in the past decade, yet even the most recently developed systems contain flaws that limit their application. In general, prediction rules are derived by defining an association between a number of clinical variables and a particular outcome in a reference patient population. By systematically examining the qualities of the independent variables and the size and scope of the derivation data set, potential sources of error and bias can be identified. Existing and future predictive systems must be validated on large groups of patients and continuously updated to keep pace with new approaches to the practice of critical care medicine.
The Effects of Acceptance versus Suppression and of Anxiety Sensitivity on Changes in Anxious Rresponses to a Hyperventilation Challenge Procedure in University Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 과잉호흡 도전절차에 의해 유도된 불안반응을 감소시키는데 있어 수용 대 억제처치의 효과를 검증하고, 이러한 효과가 불안민감성의 수준에 따라 달라지는 지를 탐색하고자 수행되었다. 개정된 불안민감성지표의 호흡계 감각 염려 차원 점수에 기초하여 불안민감성 고저집단에 각각 36명씩 총 72명의 대학생이 선별된 후, 각 집단별로 절반씩 수용처치 또는 억제처치조건에 무선할당 되었다. 참가자들은 각 처치조건별로 수용 또는 억제처치의 이론적 근거를 청취하였고, 각 처치 조건에 해당되는 실습단계와 과잉호흡 도전 절차를 거쳤다. 연구 결과, 주관적인 불안 평정치를 제외한 대부분의 종속 측정치들에서 억제처치보다 수용처치의 효과가 더 우수하였다. 불안반응이 주관적 평정치와 맥박으로 측정된 경우, 처치조건에 따른 불안반응 감소의 차이는 고 불안민감성 집단보다 저 불안민감성 집단에서 더 두드러졌다. 이에 대한 추가분석 결과, 처치조건 간 효과크기의 차이는 고 불안민감성 집단에 비해 저 불안민감성 집단에서 더 크게 나타났으며, 수용처치의 불안감소정도는 불안민감성 고저에 관계없이 비슷하게 우수하였는데 비해, 억제처치의 경우 고 불안민감성 집단이 저 불안민감성 집단보다 불안감소정도가 유의하게 더 컸다. 이러한 결과들은 비임상적인 대학생 표본들의 자발적인 과잉호흡에 의한 불안반응을 감소시키는데 있어 수용처치가 효과적인 방법임을 시사한다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 제한점 및 연구 결과의 의의에 관해 논의하였다.
ELECTRONIC LETTER Modifier controls severity of a novel dominant low- frequency MyosinVIIA (MYO7A) auditory mutation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

earing impairment is a common sensory deficit with both genetic and environmental aetiologies. Pre-lingual hearing loss affects approximately 1 in every 1000 children in the United States with a genetic basis in about 50 % of the cases.1 An additional 1 per 1000 individuals experience auditory deficits prior to adulthood.1 Large pedigrees with monogenic non-syndromic hearing impair-ment have allowed genetic mapping of at least 80 chromo-somal locations harbouring auditory-related deafness (DFN) loci with the identification of over 30 DFN genes.2 The DFN inheritance pattern is designated by A dominant, B recessive, and M modifier, with a number following A, B, or M indicating the relative order in which the locus was identified. For example, DFNA1 represents the first dom-inantly inherited deafness locus mapped in humans.
TABOOS IN THE UPBRINGING OF A MOSOTHO CHILD

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In most African societies there are expressions that are meant to caution people against behaviours and actions which are considered culturally unacceptable or dangerous to lives of people. Such actions and behaviours, regarded as taboo, are observable amongst Basotho. Taboos are the sources of peace and stability in a society. They guide human behaviour and are a symbol of identity. Without the use of these teaching aids, Basotho children‟s lives will be disrupted. Thus, taboos are one of the fundamental teachings of Sesotho culture. This article is intended to demonstrate how the message is communicated to Basotho young boys and girls through taboos. It further analysed them to find out what is taboo about their intended messages as well as their relevance in the upbringing of a Mosotho child. Change this sentence to: Conclusions will be drawn from the discussion.