jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Business process monitoring using web services in B2B e-commerce

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Organisations are re-engineering their B2B communications to be performed through web services. Their aim is to create modularised services that support the business processes within their organisation and also those external entities that participate in these same business processes. This improvement is at the expense of the organisation's knowledge of its performance, as this knowledge will become buried within the internal processing of the web service platform. This research introduces an approach to reclaim and improve this knowledge for the organisation by establishing a framework that enables the definition of web services, together with the logging and analysis of the enactment of web services. This framework utilises web service concepts, DSS principles, and agent technologies, to enable feedback on the organisation's performance measures through the analysis of the web services. We apply this framework to a specific case study where suppliers participate in an inter-organisational workflow via a Private Exchange in the context of order fulfilment. A key benefit of this work is that the data is stored once but provides information both to the organisation acting as the customer and the organisation acting as the supplier. It therefore removes the need for development of internal performance monitoring tools to monitor web services performance.
Predicting Firmness of `York Imperial' Apples after Long-term Storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We present a method for predicting firmness of `York Imperial' apples after air or controlled-atmosphere storage. Firmness and soluble solids content in freshly harvested fruit can be plotted on a graph showing a “decision line.” If the prestorage firmness and soluble solids coordinates for a given sample are above the decision line, then firmness after storage is predicted to be greater than the target value. Prestorage flesh firmness and soluble solids content were the best predictors of poststorage firmness. There was no significant improvement in firmness prediction when ethylene, starch, or other indicators of maturity were included.
1448 Early Formula Feeding Practices and Their Potential Contribution to Later Obesity Risk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Background and Aims</st> Early feeding practices, including early introduction to solid foods and overfeeding, are known risk factors for childhood obesity. This study aimed to assess maternal formula feeding practices and infant formula feeding patterns, factors that are known to potentially contribute to later obesity risk. </sec><sec><st>Methods</st> This Irish prospective observational study involved the recruitment and follow-up of 450 eligible mother-infant pairs to 6 weeks postpartum. Data related to formula milk consumption patterns, formula type/brand changing, additions of solids to bottle feeds were examined, and available infant 6 week weight measurements recorded. </sec><sec><st>Results</st> In total, 368 (81.8&percnt;) mothers provided any formula milk to their infants at 6 weeks; of these, 14 (3.8&percnt;) reported to adding solid foods to their infant’s bottle feeds. Almost 50&percnt; of formula feeding mothers (<it>n</it> = 181) reported to changing their infant’s formula type/brand at least once during the first 6 weeks, mainly due to increased hunger and feeding frequency (2–3 hourly) (54.8&percnt;). Where 6 week infant weight measurements were available (<it>n</it> = 184), a mean of 205ml (SD 45ml) of formula milk/kilogram body weight/day was consumed by these infants. </sec><sec><st>Conclusion</st> Several formula feeding practices with potential implications for later obesity risk were identified in this study including premature introduction to solids (≤ 6 weeks) and consumption of excessive formula milk volumes at 6 weeks relative to infant feeding guidelines. Early provision of recommended feeding guidelines including specific advice on age-appropriate milk volumes to parents who formula feed should be considered in obesity prevention programmes. </sec>
Metabolomic Profiling as a Possible Reverse Engineering\nTool for Estimating Processing Conditions of Dry-Cured Hams

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dry-cured\nhams are popular among consumers. To increase the attractiveness\nof the product, objective analytical methods and algorithms to evaluate\nthe relationship between observable properties and consumer acceptability\nare required. In this study, metabolomics, which is used for quantitative\nprofiling of hundreds of small molecules, was applied to 12 kinds\nof dry-cured hams from Japan and Europe. In total, 203 charged metabolites,\nincluding amino acids, organic acids, nucleotides, and peptides, were\nsuccessfully identified and quantified. Metabolite profiles were compared\nfor the samples with different countries of origin and processing\nmethods (e.g., smoking or use of a starter culture). Principal component\nanalysis of the metabolite profiles with sensory properties revealed\nsignificant correlations for redness, homogeneity, and fat whiteness.\nThis approach could be used to design new ham products by objective\nevaluation of various features.
Perovskite device physics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This is an undergraduate final year project report focusing on perovskite devices and the physics behind them. This includes a brief summary of some existing perovskite devices, with a special focus on the applications resulting from the hybrid organic-inorganic organo metal halide perovskite. In the summary, I will touch on aspects such as the device fabrication, device structure and operating principle, the interesting physics for further research, and possibly a comparison with non-perovskite based counterparts. The experiment done involves a study of the mobility and light emission characteristics of OFETs utilising a methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) semiconductor through varying the solvent and temperature. It was found that carrier mobility does appear to affect light emission.
Cervicofacial actinomycosis in children.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Actinomycotic infections, once common in humans and cattle, are now rare causes of disease in man. This general group of organisms belongs taxonomically between the true bacteria and the fungi; however, the organisms behave clinically like true anaerobes. The organism, although phagocytized by the host cells, is not killed. Therefore, it is defined as a facultative intracellular parasite of the host. The protean manifestations of actinomycotic infections often mimic infectious processes, such as osteomyelitis or granulomatous disease, as well as neoplasia. It is therefore important for the surgeon to include actinomycosis in the differential diagnosis of cervicofacial masses in children as well as in adults. Being an anaerobe, the organism is difficult to culture and the diagnosis must be considered at the time of biopsy of a cervicofacial mass or when culturing a sinus tract. A case of a 12-year-old girl seen at Children's Hospital of Los Angeles prompted the review of our experience with this disease. In this child, actinomycosis presented as an expansile mass in the mandible. From 1956 to 1986, five children were treated for cervicofacial actinomycosis. Detailed case analysis, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and current treatment recommendations are presented.
Microinjection of DNA into Aedes Triseriatus Ova and Detection of Integration

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A technique was developed for microinjection and transformation of Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes. Mosquito ova can be readily microinjected with approximately 0.9 nl of inoculum if desiccated and inoculated before hardening of the chorion. Ova were injected with molecular constructs that conferred antibiotic (G418) resistance to larvae. Insertion of the antibiotic resistance construct into the mosquito genome was demonstrated by Southern blot analysis.
Foot-fall and Hoof-hit. Agencies, Movements, Materialities, and Identities; and Later Prehistoric and Romano-British Trackways

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In archaeological considerations of Iron Age and Romano-British landscapes, trackways are usually interpreted in purely normative terms, merely as means of getting from one settlement to another, or as functional features to assist with the herding of animals. In these somewhat static expositions, the role of trackways as places in themselves, and their long-term importance in constructions of social identity and memory, are often overlooked, as are the complex relationships between people and animals within the landscape. Recent theoretical ideas concerning relational agency and identity, materiality and movement have much to offer in terms of our archaeological understandings of these features. This paper explores the interpretative potential of such approaches using case studies of Iron Age and Romano-British trackways from Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire. Integrating theories of identity, embodiment, materiality, relationality and practice highlights the sedentarism of previous explanations, and allows for much more nuanced accounts of highly dynamic, mobile meshworks, where agency resided in complex constraints and affordances between people, animals and the materiality of the lived-in landscape.
Cost modeling and cost assessment for a die casting process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The work of this report provides a cost-based assessment and characterization of the die casting for manufacturing. This process has potential to be a low-cost and efficient manufacturing technology. Die casting can produce more complex shapes with closer tolerances, thinner walls and lower manufacturing costs. In order to better understand the cost effectiveness of the die casting process and the economic consequences on die casting process, this report was generated. A manufacturing process which is based on LCECA and PBCM was developed. By using this method the cost assessment for a die casting process was conducted. It can be seen that the manufacturing cost of a die casting is higher or lower than that of other manufacturing processes. Cycle time, number of cavities, tool life and material scrap rate were identified for the die casting process. Their effects on the total unit cost were analyzed through real project cases. The results show that the die casting process which is competitive manufacturing process has a cost reduction potential. This report summarizes the studying results.
The Politics of Responsive Cookbooks: Counter Gastronomy Collectibles in Laura Esquivel’s Like Water for Chocolate

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay examines the politics of counter cookbooks whose role shifts from receptacles to responses that mobilize revolutionary culinary spaces in the war narrative of Laura Esquivel’s Like Water for Chocolate (1989). In particular, the essay redirects the main theories and critiques that have been established and espoused in culinary studies. In this reading of Like Water for Chocolate, a cross-cultural intervention in the existing scholarship on domestic spatiality and female identity is addressed. Esquivel’s narrative features provisioning collectibles that encode the mobility of the kitchen as a repository of women’s counter-discoursesthat not only reverse but also chaotically recreate the structured conceptions in the master war narratives. The kitchen in Esquivel’s narrative compiles cryptic scrapbooks of recipes whose technologies of knowledge are either decoded or re-inscribed from one generation to another. Arguably, women’s transgenerational gastronomic writings function as intersemiotic artefacts that activate performative subject positions in gendered households and varied social contexts that reflect the dominant power dynamics. So, Like Water for Chocolate decentralizes the impact of external wars, as it curates recipes that are ekphrazeined and recreated in foodways that empower individuals, galvanize new alliances, and decolonize female relations from the national/international ideologies of warscapes, cultural signifiers, and collective memory. The essay incorporates Homi Bhabha’s theory on the relation between the codification of history and the art of collecting to examine the discursive relations between food and power. Ultimately, this study revisits the complex dynamics of foodways as narrative functions, especially in relation to social inequalities and justice as portrayed through literature and cultural narratives.
What is the role of water in the global food challenge?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Water is the basis for life and hence also the basis for food. Food can be produced without soil or without direct sunlight, but no plant will grow without water and thus no food can be produced. The fresh water needed for agriculture is under pressure. The availability of renewable fresh water is decreasing both in quantity and in quality, while more food needs to be produced to meet future demands due to population growth and dietary changes. If the current food production and environmental trends continue, many parts of the world will face a water crisis. We need to improve water use in agriculture to guarantee food security for all now and in the future. To be able to do so we need to understand the role of water in the global food challenges. Therefore, the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality asked the WUR to provide an overview of the role of water in the global food challenges. This document gives an overview of the different water sources and the role each source plays in the global food challenges. The document also provides ways to better link the water and food systems as well as strategies to cope with water-food issues.
Nutrient Declarations and Nutritional Quality of Processed and Ultra‐processed Foods Sold in Guatemala

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Obesity and high blood pressure are major risk factors for diet‐related chronic diseases (DRCD), such as diabetes, in Guatemala. High consumption of critical nutrients (energy, saturated fat, trans fat, total sugar, added sugar and sodium) is linked to DRCD. Guatemala's current food labelling regulation mandates nutrient declarations only if healthy or nutrient claims are made. Objective To assess, for the first time, the nutritional information available on packaged foods in Guatemala and to evaluate differences in the nutritional quality of processed (P) and ultra‐processed (UP) foods according to the Nutrient Profile model of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Methods Two major supermarkets in Guatemala City were selected. All packaged foods (excluding baby foods, coffee, tea, sugar, herbs and spices) were photographed to extract nutritional information if available. Declaration of critical nutrients was determined. Nutritional quality was assessed according to the Nutrient Profile model of PAHO. Results We extracted nutritional information from 3463 food products. Out of these, 7% were classified as P, and 83% as UP. The remainder 10% were unprocessed/minimally processed foods or culinary ingredients. Energy content was not declared on 16% and 10% [p= 0.005]; total fat on 17% and 10% [p=0.001]; saturated fat on 25% and 15% [p<0.0001]; trans fat on58% and 48% [p=0.002]; total sugar on 39% and 26%; [p<0.0001] added sugar on 100% and 99% [p=0.214]; and sodium or salt on 17% and 11% [p=0.004] of P and UP products, respectively. Only 38% of P and 39% of UP foods had all the nutritional information required for classification with the PAHO nutrient profile model [p=0.720]. We found excessive amounts of at least one critical nutrient in and 84% of P and 89% of UP [p=0.219] and artificial sweeteners in 9% UP products. The food group with the lowest number of nutrient declarations was processed meat and meat products. Conclusion Both processed and ultra‐processed products contain excessive amounts of critical nutrients. Several critical nutrients associated with chronic diseases are not consistently reported in labels of processed and ultra‐processed foods in Guatemala. Nutritional information is limited, and the use of a nutrient profiling system to evaluate nutritional quality is difficult due to missing information. Current regulation concerning food labelling should be revised and enforced to improve the nutritional information available to consumers in order to create healthier food environments and to stimulate the food industry to reformulate their products towards healthier alternatives. Support or Funding Information International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada
Two-dimensional synthetic jet simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Direct numerical simulation was used to model an array of two-dimensional synthetic slot jets pulsing into initially quiescent e ow. Such zero-net mass-e ux jets can represent an array of microelectromechanical systems. Fluid ejected by the pulsing jets rolls up into vortex pairs that propagate as a result of their mutually induced velocity andtheinitial momentum given by thepulse.Theeffectsofe uidand geometricparametersontheresulting e owe eld were studied. The results near the slots were compared with experimental data and found to be in good agreement.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON RABBIT ANTI-ANTIBODY

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Anti-antibody in rabbits has been found to be a 19 S globulin with specificity for rabbit 7 S γ-globulin altered either by combination with antigen or by certain nonspecific methods. The anti-antibody combines with antigenic determinants on Fragments I and II, but not III, of the papain-digested 7 S γ-globulin molecule. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Multi‐disciplinary orthodontics

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

For dental patients, orthodontic treatment is often part of a multidisciplinary team approach. These patients fall into three main categories of combined need: restorative, surgical, and cleft. Some patients may require treatment in all three categories. Some patients with hypodontia have several missing teeth, even three or more per quadrant. Often hypodontia and microdontia are found in the same patient. A close working relationship between the orthodontist and the maxillofacial surgery team is needed when the patient requires an osteotomy. For these patients the orthodontist and maxillofacial surgeon together need to see patients to formulate a treatment plan. When initial records have been taken and the treatment plan has been agreed and finalised, the patient then has the treatment required to get the teeth into the correct preoperative position. The Cleft Lip and Palate Association is a representative organisation that supports all people with, or affected by, cleft lip and/or palate.
Maintaining Coupled Metabolism and Membrane Function in Anoxic Brain: A Comparison Between the Turtle and Rat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

352The purpose of this chapter is to review current research which addresses the important topic of tolerance to anoxia in the vertebrate brain. The chapter focuses on a comparative approach in which brain function and energy metabolism are examined in anoxia-tolerant diving turtles and in anoxia-sensitive rats. During anaerobic conditions, the most striking difference appears to be that the rat brain rapidly loses stores of high energy intermediates phosphocreatine (PCr) and ATP, while these intermediates are maintained at aerobic levels in brains of diving turtles. As a consequence, the rat brain rapidly loses all transmembrane ion gradients and electrical responsiveness. In contrast, the turtle brain maintains ion transport processes and electrical excitability for many hours under anaerobic conditions. The turtle brain appears to enter a new balanced metabolic state by taking advantage of a high anaerobic glycolytic capacity and by decreasing levels of energy utilization. Analysis of electrophysiological responses in the turtle brain indicated that energy sparing may occur through inhibition of synaptic transmission, elevation of threshold for action potential activation, and release of inhibitory neuromodulators such as adenosine. It is believed that a full understanding of the mechanisms by which anoxia-tolerant species cope without oxygen may be useful for providing alternate strategies for therapeutic intervention in conditions of hypoxia, asphyxia, cardiac arrest, and stroke in man.
MADM Methods for Finding The Right Personnel in Academic Institutions

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Human resource management plays a vital role in this competitive world .As everybody wants highly distinguished persons, evaluation of the right staff/employee is very difficult. It is also necessary to choose a better person among the others, where the success of any industry/organization/institution heavily depends. Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) methods provide a ranking of the available alternatives thereby, decision of critical thinking become easier. The present paper examines the application of few MADM paradigms for selecting the most suitable academic staff, where seven candidates under seven different subcriteria are evaluated and prioritized.
Pattern Of Blood Pseudocholinesterase And Acetylcholinesterase Activities In Acute Chlorpyrifos-Poisoning

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: The increased use of synthetic chemicals and drugs has made poisoning a worldwide problem with a significant rise in poisoning cases. Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are among the most widely used pesticides in the Asian countries including India. The measurement of serum or plasma pseudo cholinesterase (PChE) and RBC acetylcholinesterase (RBC-AChE) activities is used widely to investigate incidents of OP over-exposure, or as part of health surveillance in workers at risk of OP exposure. This study was planned to see the pattern of blood pseudocholinesterase, RBC-AChE activities and their ratios in chlorpyrifos-poisoning in relation to other OPs among the acute poisoning cases referred to the Poison Information Centre, National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad (PIC-NIOH). Materials and Methods: OP-poisoning cases (n=705) referred to PIC- NIOH during Jan 2007-Dec 2011 (5 years) are included in this study. The data were analysed with respect to age, sex, route of exposure, mode, circumstances of exposure and type of OP encountered in poisoning. The blood samples were analysed for plasma cholinesterase and RBC-AChE activities on the day of admission to the hospital. The data of their activities and the ratio PChE/RBC-AChE in acute poisoning of chlorpyrifos, monocrotophos, dimethoate and phorate (more frequently encountered OPs; n=307) are reported. Results: Chlorpyrifos, phorate, dimethoate and monocrotophos were commonly encountered OP-pesticides in poisoning; chlorpyriphos showing the highest frequency. In chlorpyrifos-poisoning, RBC-AChE activities were found to be significantly higher than dimethoate or monocrotophos poisoning. Higher RBC-AChE/PChE ratio was observed in chlorpyrifos-poisoning as compared to phorate-, dimethoate- or monocrotophos-poisoning group. Conclusions: Variation in pattern of plasma pseudocholinesterase, RBC-AChE activities and RBC-AChE /PChE ratio was observed among the cases of chlorpyrifos, phorate, dimethoate and monocrotophos poisoning. Typically, higher RBC-AChE/ PChE ratio was observed in chlorpyrifos-poisoning as compared to phorate-, dimethoate- or monocrotophos-poisoning group which may be used as a diagnostic tool for acute exposure to chlorpyrifos.