jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect on Fukang Tablets to the Damnification of Cerebellum in Rats Induced by Carbamazepine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To observe the different prevention effect of TCM on the damnification of cerebellum induced by Carmaciping (CBZ) if Fukang tablets were given in different time. Method 48 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group and Fukang tablets precautionary group and Fukang tablets remedial group. The model rats were established for 90 days, at the same time Fukang tablets were given to rats in precautionary group. In remedial group Fukang tablets were given to rats from the 30th day to the 90th day. The observation was performed on changes of rats' cerebellar ultrastructure by means of transmission electron microscope and analysis the picture of cerebellar's ultrastructure. Results Compared with model group, the precautionary group showed a affluent synapses, synaptic vesicles and mitochondria without swelling, but remedial group showed a slightly dropsy of cerebellar tissue, a slightly atrophy of neuron and mitochondria with slightly dropsy. Conclusion Concerning the obvious damage to the rats' cerebellar ultrastructure caused by CBZ, Fukang tablets will more effectively prevent the damnification of cerebellum if they were given together with CBZ.
Two new species of Hirschmanniella Luc and Goodey, 1963 (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) with a key to the nominal species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hirschmanniella anchoryzae n. sp. from Canada and Hirschmanniella areolata n. sp. from Hong Kong are described and illustrated. The former is characterized by a flattened head, stylet length of 16–17 μm, an elongate–conoid tail with 60–88 annules, ending in an axial mucro, and location of the phasmids 37–57 μm from the tail terminus. Hirschmanniella areolata n. sp. has a hemispherical head, stylet length of 24–27 μm, complete areolation of the lateral field, a tail with 48–61 annules, ending in a ventral mucro, and phasmids 22–29 μm from the tail terminus. Spicule lengths from both species range from 28 to 31 μm. A key is presented to 24 nominal species of the genus.
Creating Graph Abstractions for the Interpretation of Combined Functional and Anatomical Medical Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The characteristics of the images produced by advanced scan-ning technologies has led to medical imaging playing a critical role in modern healthcare. The most advanced medical scanners combine dif-ferent modalities to produce multi-dimensional (3D/4D) complex data that is time-consuming and challenging interpret. The assimilation of these data is further compounded when multiple such images have to be compared, e.g., when assessing a patient’s response to treatment or re-sults from a clinical search engine. Abstract representations that present the important discriminating characteristics of the data have the poten-tial to prioritise the critical information in images and provide a more intuitive overview of the data, thereby increasing productivity when in-terpreting multiple complex medical images. Such abstractions act as a preview of the overall information and allow humans to decide when detailed inspection is necessary. Graphs are a natural method for ab-stracting medical images as they can represent the relationships between any pathology and the anatomical structures they affect. In this paper, we present a scheme for creating abstract graph visualisations that fa-cilitate an intuitive comparison of the anatomy-pathology relationships within complex medical images. The properties of our abstractions are derived from the characteristics of regions of interest (ROIs) within the images. We demonstrate how our scheme is used to preview, interpret, and compare the location of tumours within volumetric (3D) functional and anatomical images. Key words: graph abstractions, medical imaging, image interpretation, image comparison 1
How Zantac became the best-selling drug in history.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Glaxo's Zantac began its dominance of the acid/peptic marketplace with a launch strategy, taking advantage of the established Roche sales force to rapidly promote the product. Educational symposia for physicians were instrumental in disseminating both disease and product information to primary care physicians and specialists. This technique not only pleased physicians (more referrals), but also increased public awareness of gastrointestinal disease, further expanding the patient market. Several novel marketing strategies contributed to Zantac's success, including the public-service announcements, celebrity media tours, and consumer-awareness bulletins, which brought the drug to the lay public and encouraged individuals to seek advice from their physicians.
Genotype description of Vibrio cholerae based on the structural and functional analysis of cholera toxin subunit B

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Objective:To describe and classify the polymorphism of DNA and protein sequences of the natural cholera toxin subunit B(CTB) and therefore to provide timely and potentially useful diagnostic test,vaccine development and epidemiological information.Methods: 245 sequences of the cholera toxin subunit B DNA and protein were analyzed for structure,function and genotype traits by informational spectrum method bioinformatics platform,include Clustal W,MEGA and PyMOL.Results: The consensus informational spectrum of 103 amino acids region of the CTBs of Vibrio cholerae strains have characteristic dominant peaks at the informational spectrum frequencies F(0.3333,19),and this reflects a consensus interaction pattern of the CTBs of these strains.A key T68I mutation of the CTB protein significantly increase the amplitude on the frequency F(0.3333) and has probably a major impact on the human interaction pattern.19 polymorphisms of the CTB DNA sequences were found by phylogeny and principal component cluster analysis.Based on the analyses above and epidemiology information,19 CTB genotypes of Vibrio cholerae were proposed.Vibrio cholerae O1 classical biotype str.569B(ref.) was CTB genotype 1a.However,Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor biotype str.N16961(ref.) and Vibrio cholerae O139 str.4260B(ref.) was CTB genotype 2a.Conclusion: These results contribute to better understanding of the polymorphism of the CTB of Vibrio cholerae,provide a tool and scheme for monitoring its molecular evolution,and furthermore expand the possibility of identifying potential immunologic,therapeutic and diagnostic molecular targets for prevention and treatment of Vibrio cholerae infection and epidemic.
A NEW LABORATORY COLONIZATION OF AEDES AEGYPTI AFTER REEMERGENCE AND UNSUCCESSFUL ERADICATION IN ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

After unsuccessful eradication attempts against Aedes aegypti (L.) following a sudden re-emergence in St. Augustine, Florida in early 2016; a new locally acquired colony strain of Ae. aegypti was established at the Anastasia Mosquito Control District (AMCD) in June 2017. Aedes aegypti adults were maintained in cages at the AMCD insectary. Larval and adult mosquitoes were collected from downtown St. Augustine, Florida. Female mosquitoes at 5-7 days old were fed upon the exposed forearm of human volunteers in the 1 st and 2 nd generations. Mating was observed in a large cage and confirmed with eggs deposited on wet filter paper in ovicups. Over 90% egg hatch was observed in the laboratory. The new colony strain of Ae. aegypti has been cataloged at the USDA, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology facility in Gainesville, FL and is being used to further research and control this species across North Florida.
A Study on the Predictive Factors of Recidivism in PCL-R : Decision Trees and Random Forest Analysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

PCL-R은 1980년 Robert Hare 박사가 만든 Psychopath Checklist로 현재까지도 대 중적으로 쓰이면서 널리 알려진 재범위험성평가 도구 중 하나이다. 특히나 사이코패스 를 잘 구별해내는 것으로 알려진 이 검사의 경우 재범위험성평가들 중 평가 대상자의 양적, 질적 정보를 매뉴얼을 통한 면담으로 훌륭히 잘 수집해내는 것을 수많은 연구를 통해 입증하였다. 그러나 PCL-R 검사지에 속해 있는 20개의 문항들 중 어떠한 문항이 재범에 영향을 주는 가에 대한 구체적인 요인을 알아내는 것에는 한계가 있다. 본 연구 에서는 이러한 점을 알아보고자 ‘의사결정나무’와 ‘랜덤포레스트’ 라는 머신러닝 기반 분류 분석을 실시하고자 한다.
PWE-142 Does The Pre-Bone Mineral Density Frax Score Predict Fracture Risk in Patients with Cirrhosis?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Cirrhosis is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis, with risk of morbidity through fragility fractures. BSG guidelines recommend that all patients with cirrhosis should be offered DEXA scans to measure bone mineral density (BMD), and receive appropriate treatment. The FRAX score is a widely used internet-based algorithm that predicts fracture risk, which can be calculated with or without BMD data. The aim of this study was to determine if the FRAX score without BMD is effective in predicting fracture risk in patients with cirrhosis to potentially reduce the need for BMD testing. Methods Between Nov 11 and Jan 12 consecutive patients with cirrhosis who were reviewed in 3 sub-specialist liver clinics (ALD, NASH and HCV) at the Freeman Hospital were included. Clinical and demographic patient information was collected retrospectively. FRAX scores were calculated with and without BMD data. Results 146 patients (46 NASH, 50 ALD and 50 HCV) were studied (mean age 59±12, 68% male, mean BMI 30±6). 91 patients had BMD assessed (9 [10%] were osteoporotic and 43 [47%] were osteopenic at the spine and/or hip). 10 (6.8%) had a previous osteoporotic fracture. The pre-BMD FRAX score categorised fracture risk as high in no patients, intermediate in 26 (18%) and low in 120 (82%). Overall, 11 (18%) were categorised as high risk with the post-BMD FRAX. 9 patients (10%) moved from a low risk with pre-BMD FRAX to a high risk with post BMD FRAX. In addition 2 (3%) moved from intermediate to high with post-BMD FRAX. Only 5 of 9 (55%) of patients with osteoporosis on BMD were classified as high risk with post BMD FRAX score. There were no significant differences in fracture risk or BMD between patients with ALD, NASH or HCV. Conclusion The pre-BMD FRAX score underestimates fracture risk in patients with cirrhosis. Therefore, assessment of BMD should continue to form part of the assessment of fracture risk in patients with cirrhosis. As the post-BMD FRAX score includes other risk factors for fracture in addition to bone density it might be the most appropriate to determine which patients require treatment to prevent fractures. Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
Interferon-γ and B Cell Stimulatory Factor-1 Reciprocally Regulate Ig Isotype Production

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and B cell stimulatory factor-1 (BSF-1), also known as interleukin-4, are T cell-derived lymphokines that have potent effects on B cell proliferation and differentiation. They are often secreted by distinct T cell clones. It is now shown that IFN-γ stimulates the expression of immunoglobulin (Ig) of the IgG2a isotype and inhibits the production of IgG3, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgE. By contrast, BSF-1 has powerful effects in promoting switching to the expression of IgG1 and IgE but markedly inhibits IgM, IgG3, IgG2a, and IgG2b. These results indicate that BSF-1 and IFN-γ as well as the T cells that produce them may act as reciprocal regulatory agents in the determination of Ig isotype responses. The effects of IFN-γ and BSF-1 on isotype expression are independent.
Information Technology Wages and the Value of Certifications: A Human Capital Perspective

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Although the value of Information Technology (IT) certifications has been widely debated in the IT industry, academia has largely ignored the issue. This study intends to bridge such a gap. Anchored on human capital theory and previous literature, we build a comprehensive model to estimate the value of various IT certifications in terms of their contributions to IT professionals' wages. We estimate our model using third-party survey data. The three main findings from the study are: 1) IT certifications are valuable in general; 2) there is a substitution effect between IT certifications and education and between IT certifications and experience; and 3) the value of IT certifications are job and industry specific. In addition, we estimate wage premiums of various IT certifications in the study. From these findings, we draw managerial implications for current and future IT professionals, IT managers, and human resource managers.
Shear induced Long-Range Alignment of BCC ordered Block-Copolymers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Effect of large shear on an asymmetric block copolymer with nanospherical domains has been studied using rheology and small angle X-ray scattering. The material investigated was a triblock copolymer poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene] swollen in a midblock-selective solvent. When cooled below the orderâdisorder transition temperature (T ODT), the system forms a locally ordered structure of grains with body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice. Isothermal shearing, either at constant rate or with large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) at low frequencies and strain amplitude greater than or equal to 2.0, leads to the destruction of the BCC lattice (isothermal âshear meltingâ). Upon cessation of the shear, the BCC structure recovers with kinetics similar to the one after thermal quench from above T ODT. Under certain experimental conditions, LAOS leads to alignment of the BCC lattice. The lattice orientation depends primarily on shearing frequency. At low frequencies, there exists an upper and lower bound on strain amplitude where monodomain textures can be obtained. Upon alignment, the modulus drops by about 30% of that of the polycrystalline structure. Measurement of rheological properties offers an indirect method for distinguishing between polycrystalline structure (grains) and monodomain texture.
How Much Should We Spend on the NHS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Prior to the 2002 Spending Review Derek Wanless was asked by the Chancellor of The Exchequer to assess the 'financial and other resources required to ensure that the NHS can provide a publicly funded, comprehensive, high quality service on the basis of clinical need and not ability to pay.' The resultant report on the future course of NHS spending was immensely important. Not only did it directly inform the Chancellor's spending plans for the NHS for the next five years – which gave the NHS an unprecedented real increase of over 40% by 2007/8 – but it also laid out a framework for revisiting a fundamental public policy question - how much do we want to spend on health care? As a contribution to future reviews and research in this area, a one day seminar organised by the Office of Health Economics, the King's Fund and the Centre for Health Economics was held on 13 November 2002 to critically examine the assumptions, estimates and models underpinning the recommendations of Derek Wanless' review. This book brings together the outcomes of the seminar.
Upcoming Changes for Inorganic Chemistry: Adding Titles to References and Adjusting Communication Length Requirements

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTUpcoming Changes for Inorganic Chemistry: Adding Titles to References and Adjusting Communication Length RequirementsWilliam B. TolmanCite this: Inorg. Chem. 2016, 55, 13, 6351Publication Date (Web):July 5, 2016Publication History Published online5 July 2016Published inissue 5 July 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01380https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01380editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1274Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (115 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Cobalt,Inorganic chemistry,Quality management Get e-Alerts
Multiple parton radiation in hadroproduction at lepton-hadron colliders

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

I discuss the impact of the the coherent parton radiation on semi-inclusive production of hadrons in deep inelastic scattering at lepton-proton colliders. Such radiation can be consistently described in the $b$-space resummation formalism, which was originally developed to improve theoretical description of production of hadrons at $e^+e^-$ colliders and electroweak vector bosons at hadron-hadron colliders. I present the detailed derivation of the resummed cross section and the energy flow at the next-to-leading order of perturbative QCD. The theoretical results are compared to the experimental data measured at the $ep$ collider HERA. I argue that semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) at lepton-hadron colliders offers exceptional opportunities to study coherent parton radiation, which are not available yet at colliders of other types.
A case of paternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 7 associated with overgrowth

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background Paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 7 (upd(7)pat) is extremely rare, and only four cases have been previously reported. As these cases were accompanied by autosomal-recessive disorders which are likely to be involved in growth restriction, the relevance of upd(7)pat to the overgrowth phenotype remains unclear. Here we describe one case of upd(7)pat with no additional genetic diseases, which may answer the question. Methods A 5-year-old Japanese boy presented with a tall stature of unknown causes. To detect the genetic cause of the tall stature, we performed Sanger sequencing, targeted resequencing, comparative genomic hybridisation and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analyses, methylation analysis and microsatellite analysis. Results We could not detect pathogenic variants in causative genes for overgrowth syndrome or apparent copy number alterations. DNA methylation analysis revealed hypomethylation at the GRB10 , PEG1 and PEG10 differentially methylated regions. SNP array and microsatellite analyses suggested paternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 7. Furthermore, we could not identify homozygous mutations of known causative genes for inherited disorders on chromosome 7. Conclusion We report the first case of upd(7)pat with an overgrowth phenotype.
Radiofrequency Puncture of the Fossa Ovalis for Resistant Transseptal Access

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background— Transseptal puncture with a conventional mechanical technique can fail because of a resistant interatrial septum. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a new method to cross-resistant septae by transmitting radiofrequency (RF) energy through the transseptal needle. Methods and Results— Among 269 consecutive transseptal punctures, 13 (5%) were unsuccessful in 12 different patients (11 men aged 52�12 years) using the conventional Brockenbrough technique. All 12 patients had previously undergone at least 1 transseptal catheterization. The needle position in relation to the fossa ovalis was assessed by fluoroscopy in orthogonal views and was confirmed with contrast injection and by visualizing the characteristic “tenting” of the fossa ovalis. Before using RF energy, there were a median of 6 unsuccessful attempts to perforate the septum conventionally, with 1 pericardial puncture (with a nonsignificant effusion). RF transseptal puncture was then performed by delivering unipolar RF with manual contact between the ablation catheter and the proximal extremity of the needle at the patient’s groin. RF transseptal puncture was achieved at the first attempt in all patients within a median of 1 second (interquartile range, 1 to 4) and without any complication. The only parameter predictive of a septum resistant to conventional puncture was the total number of transseptal catheterizations (3.2�1 versus 1.8�1, P <0.001). Conclusion— Transmission of RF energy from the ablation catheter up to the tip of the transseptal needle provides an easy and safe method for piercing the fossa ovalis when the conventional approach fails because of a resistant septum.
Hooked on fat: the role of lipid synthesis in cancer metabolism and tumour development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An increased rate of lipid synthesis in cancerous tissues has long been recognised as an important aspect of the rewired metabolism of transformed cells. However, the contribution of lipids to cellular transformation, tumour development and tumour progression, as well as their potential role in facilitating the spread of cancerous cells to secondary sites, are not yet fully understood. In this article, we review the recent findings that support the importance of lipid synthesis and metabolism in tumorigenesis. Specifically, we explore the role of aberrant lipid biosynthesis in cancer cell migration and invasion, and in the induction of tumour angiogenesis. These processes are crucial for the dissemination of tumour cells and formation of metastases, which constitute the main cause of cancer mortality.
Computational Modeling Approaches for Studying of Synthetic Biological Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Synthetic biology is an emerging field that strives to build increasingly complex biological networks through the integration of molecular biology and engineering. The growth of the field has been supported by progress in the design and construction of synthetic genetic and protein networks. This has led to the possibility of assembling modular components to attain novel biological functions and tools. In addition, these synthetic networks give rise to insights that facilitate the investigation of interactions and phenomena in naturally-occurring networks. Integration of well-characterized biological components into higher order networks requires computational modeling approaches to rationally construct systems that are directed towards a desired outcome. A computational approach would improve the predictability of the underlying mechanisms that would otherwise be difficult to deduce through experimentation alone. The analysis and interpretation of both qualitative and quantitative models also becomes increasingly important towards taking a systems-level perspective on synthetic genetic and protein networks. This review will first discuss the analogy of synthetic networks to circuit engineering. It will then look at computational modeling approaches that can be applied to biological systems and how synthetic biology will help to develop more accurate in silico representations of these systems. Keywords: Synthetic biology, genetic circuits, protein circuits, computational modeling, networks, biological complexity