jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
“My Greatness Made a Difference There”: Exploring the High School Experiences of High Achieving Black Girls

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recent studies have provided insight into the schooling experiences and lives of Black girls. These studies highlight the challenges that Black girls face in the school environment including underachievement, disproportionality in school discipline, deficit ideologies, and educator and counselor bias. The current study centers the voices on high achieving Black girls in an effort to center their unique and nuanced experiences in high school. Data was collected using in-depth individual interviews and analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. We found that high achieving Black girls must navigate deficit thinking and negative stereotypes similar to their peers while they also pull strength and resilience from their intersecting identities. Further, high achieving Black girls were tenacious in their pursuits and found familial and teacher relationships to be paramount in their success. These findings support the importance of developing intentional and systemic supports to counter intersectional oppression to meet the needs of high achieving Black girls.
Creating elastase aneurysms in rabbits: a video primer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The New Zealand rabbit elastase-induced arterial aneurysm of the right common carotid artery remains a widely used model for assessing the effectiveness and safety of new neuroendovascular devices.1 This model offers a simple and reliable platform for pre-clinical in vivo investigations, crucial for comprehending the biological processes underlying aneurysm healing after endovascular treatment.2 Notably, the induced aneurysm exhibits morphological, hemodynamic, and histological characteristics similar to human intracranial aneurysms. The creation of the aneurysm is performed using open and endovascular techniques. Each step of the procedure requires a meticulous and controlled gesture to ensure reproducibility of the aneurysm and minimize animal misuse. In video 1 we present a step-by-step procedural guide for aneurysm creation and follow-up. We hope this resource will help in promoting this model and provide useful guidance for researchers in the field. Video 1 Surgical procedure of creating elastase-induced aneurysms in rabbits.
165 Randel Lecture: Androgen Excess Domestic Livestock Models—What can they Tell us About the Mechanisms Underlying Anovulation?

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Ovulatory disorders are a major factor in female infertility. Our laboratory has identified several populations of cows and a population of sheep that have excess androgen (High A4) in dominant follicles and ovarian cortex cultures in the US and in the Middle East with increased steroidogenic enzyme production in somatic cells. Within our research herd, the High A4 females have irregular estrous cycles where behavioral estrus and ovulation are not coupled and are often anovulatory. Follicular waves of growth, during the estrous cycle, are disrupted in High A4 cows with development of persistent follicles, and an absence of normal follicular-wave estrogen patterns in blood plasma compared with Controls. Increased ovarian cortex fibrosis, oxidative stress markers and plasma pro- inflammatory lipids were present in High A4 cows indicating increased inflammation. High A4 granulosa cells have altered gene transcripts indicating cell cycle arrest and expression of genes enriched in other somatic cell types resulting in altered cell identity. Furthermore, High A4 ovarian cortex cultures secrete increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and have reduced follicle progression to later stages supporting follicular arrest. Treatment of High A4 ovarian cortex cultures with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 165 suppressed excess steroids, fibrosis, pro-inflammatory cytokines and relieved follicular arrest. Concentrations of Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) were greater in High A4 vs Controls in both follicular fluid and ovarian cortex culture media supporting that AMH could be a factor contributing to follicular arrest. Many of the characteristics of High A4 cows and sheep identified are similar to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women. Thus, High A4 cow and sheep are excellent models to unravel androgen excess molecular mechanisms involved in follicular arrest and female infertility contributing to anovulation.
Characterizing coastal cod vocalization using a towed hydrophone array

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract To better understand spawning vocalizations of Norwegian coastal cod (Gadus morhua), a prototype eight-element coherent hydrophone array was deployed in stationary vertical and towed horizontal modes to monitor cod sounds during an experiment in spring 2019. Depth distribution of cod aggregations was monitored concurrently with an ultrasonic echosounder. Cod vocalizations recorded on the hydrophone array are analysed to provide time–frequency characteristics, and source level distribution after correcting for one-way transmission losses from cod locations to the hydrophone array. The recorded cod vocalization frequencies range from ∼20 to 600 Hz with a peak power frequency of ∼60 Hz, average duration of 300 ms, and mean source level of 163.5 ± 7.9 dB re 1 μPa at 1 m. Spatial dependence of received cod vocalization rates is estimated using hydrophone array measurements as the array is towed horizontally from deeper surrounding waters to shallow water inlet areas of the experimental site. The bathymetric-dependent probability of detection regions for cod vocalizations are quantified and are found to be significantly reduced in shallow-water areas of the inlet. We show that the towable hydrophone array deployed from a moving vessel is invaluable because it can survey cod vocalization activity at multiple locations, providing continuous spatial coverage that is complementary to fixed sensor systems that provide continuous temporal coverage at a given location.
Comparative studies of essential oil of fruit peels of four citrus species (family: Rutaceae) in Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Comparative GCMS analysis was carried out on the essential oils of the fruit peels of four Citrus species: Citrus sinensis (Linn) Osbeck (Sweet orange), Citrus Limon (Linn) Osbeck (Lemon), Citrus paradise. Mactad (Grape fruit), and Citrus Aurantifolia (Christin) Swingle (Lime). Citrus Limon had 28 compounds identified, Citrus sinensis and Citrus paradise had 26 compounds each and Citrus aurantifolia had 21 compounds. The compounds were classified into monoterpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, sesquiterpenes, oxides and other compounds. Monoterpenes were the predominant constituents in all the species studied and accounting for 72.83%, 68.75%, 57.19% and 49.35% for C. paradise, C. sinensis, C. aurantifolia and C. Limon respectively. Alcohols constituted 22.28% (C. aurantifolia), 18.57% (C. sinensis), 18.23% (C. Limon) and 12.23% (C. paradise). Aldehydes were 7.53% (C. Limon), 5.83% (C. sinensis), 5.62% (C. paradise) and 4.45% (C. aurantifolia). Sesquiterpenes gave 11.62% (C. Limon), 4.81 (C. paradise), 2.80 (C. aurantifolia) and 1.34% (C. sinensis). Oxides had 2.75% (C. aurantifolia), 2.50% (C. paradide), 1.38% (C. Limon) and 0.38% (C. sinensis). Ketones had 3.78% (C. Limon), 2.61 (C. aurantifolia), 2.21% (C. sinensis) and 0.00% (C. paradise). Esters had 3.97% (C. Limon), 0.91% (C. aurantifolia), 0.74% (C. sinensis) and 0.00% (C. paradise). Other components had 6.76% (C. Limon), 4.13% (C. aurantifolia), 1.35% (C. paradise) and 1.20% (C. sinensis). The major compounds found in all the Citrus species were: Limonene, alpha terpineol, alpha pinene, beta-pinene, beta-linalool, lemonol, alpha and beta citral. These various bioactive constituents idenfied in Citrus species have a wide spectrum of applications in the pharmaceutical industry and as flavoring agents in the manufacture of perfumes and cosmetics and as flavoring agents in the manufacture of perfumes and cosmetics.
Insights into the Perplexing Nature of the Bonding in C2 from Generalized Valence Bond Calculations

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Diatomic carbon, C2, has been variously described as having a double, triple, or quadruple bond. In this article, we report full generalized valence bond (GVB) calculations on C2. The GVB wave function-more accurate than the Hartree-Fock wave function and easier to interpret than traditional multiconfiguration wave functions-is well-suited for characterizing the bonding in C2. The GVB calculations show that the electronic wave function of C2 is not well described by a product of singlet-coupled, shared electron pairs (perfect pairing), which is the theoretical basis for covalent chemical bonds. Rather, C2 is best described as having a traditional covalent σ bond with the electrons in the remaining orbitals of the two carbon atoms antiferromagnetically coupled. However, even this description is incomplete as the perfect pairing spin function also makes a significant contribution to the full GVB wave function. The complicated structure of the wave function of C2 is the source of the uncertainty about the nature of the bonding in this molecule.
Public attitudes on transgender military service : The role of gender

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Policy regarding the inclusion of transgender soldiers in the U.S. Military has shifted back and forth in recent years, with public opinion likely a significant factor shaping the eventual policy outcome. As such, this study examines the factors that shape public attitudes toward military service by transgender people. In particular, we examine the influence of sex, social gender roles, and attitudes toward gender in shaping transgender military service attitudes. Further, we hypothesize that personal experiences with the military and with transgender people, along with values, personality predispositions, and religion, are likely to influence individual attitudes. We test these hypotheses using data from a unique October 2015 national survey of American adults. The results suggest that personal experiences, attitudes toward gender roles, and religion have substantial but sometimes conditional effects on attitudes toward military service by transgender people.
COMPARISON OF ALENDRONATE, CALCITONIN AND CALCIUM TREATMENTS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY The present study was planned to assess the safety, tolerability and efficacy on bone mineral density (BMD), pain, quality of life and fracture risk of alendronate, calcitonin and calcium treatments. A total of 151 postmenopausal women with lumbar spine BMD 2 SD or more below the young adult mean were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 51 patients received oral alendronate 10 mg and calcium 1000 mg (alendronate group), 50 patients intranasal salmon calcitonin 100 IU and oral calcium 1000 mg (calcitonin group), and 50 patients oral calcium 1000 mg (calcium group) daily for one year. BMD was assessed by dual energy X‐ray absorbtiometry, pain by a visual analogue scale, and quality of life by the Nottingham health profile. Significant increases in BMD at all sites were obtained in the calcitonin and alendronate groups, but not in the calcium group. Pain and quality of life improved significantly in both the calcitonin and alendronate groups, but not in the calcium group. New vertebral fractures were seen in 31.58% of the alendronate, 37.5% of the calcitonin, and 40% of the calcium groups, representing no statistical difference. No serious side‐effects were seen in any of the patients during follow‐up.
Many greedy cleaners in a Poisson environment

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a new ``greedy cleaning'' model where a star-like state space (containing N half-lines connected by the origin) is covered by a homogeneous Poisson process of ``dust particles'', and N^α cleaners/workers proceed with cleaning in a ``greedy'' manner: each worker chooses the closest particle next. Assuming α\in (0,1), we analyse the asymptotic behaviour of the workers, as N\to\infty. We show that eventually all of them escape to infinity and that the way how do they do it depends on the value of α.
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AND DEPRESSION: TACKLING UNIQUE CHALLENGES IN MENTAL HEALTH

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The identification and management of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and its associated psychiatric comorbidities pose significant clinical challenges. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted relationship between ASD and depression, suicidality, and borderline personality disorder (BPD), highlighting the intricate interplay between these mental health conditions. The unique complexities of diagnosing and managing comorbid depression and suicidality in individuals with ASD are discussed, including the heightened risks of non-suicidal self-injury and suicidality. Moreover, the review emphasizes the necessity of personalized, innovative treatment approaches, with a focus on the role of antidepressants, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and the application of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in managing treatment-resistant depression. The complexities of co-occurring borderline personality disorder in individuals with ASD are also examined, further underscoring the need for comprehensive, individualized care strategies. This review advocates for multidimensional therapeutic approaches that consider the interplay of psychiatric comorbidities and neurodevelopmental factors, to optimize outcomes and improve the quality of life for individuals with ASD. The findings stress the importance of early diagnosis, tailored interventions, and ongoing research into novel therapeutic modalities to better address the persistent and diverse nature of mental health challenges within the ASD population.
Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived CD166+ Precursors Develop into Fully Functional Sinoatrial-Like Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Information about reprints can be found online at: Reprints: document. Permissions and Rights Question and Answer available in the Request Permissions in the middle column of the Web page under Services. Further information about this process is Office. Once the online version of the published article for which permission is being requested is located, click can be obtained via RightsLink, a service of the Copyright Clearance Center, not the EditorialCirculation Research Requests for permissions to reproduce figures, tables, or portions of articles originally published inPermissions:
Name of Study: Multisensory Integration in Autism Spectrum Disorders Location: City College of New York, Children's Research Unit, Manhattan New York Eligibility Criteria: Children, adolescents and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder between the ages of 6 and 25 years.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Dear parents, I am writing to offer your child the opportunity to participate in a research study at the Children’s Research Unit of the City College of New York. The study is looking at how children, adolescents and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders integrate information from multiple sensory modalities (auditory, visual and touch information). Although this has been discussed by parents and physicians for decades, we are the first to try to substantiate this claim empirically.
Implementation of Aristotle’s principles of dramatic genre in Sophocles’ tragedy “Antigone”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper analyses the tragedy “Antigone” by the ancient Greek playwright Sophocles, which was written in 442 BC. It is believed that the topic of tragedy was first touched upon by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle in his treatise “Poetics” in 335 BC, where he identifies the criteria characteristic of this genre. In this regard, it is interesting to note that Sophocles was not a contemporary of Aristotle, he was a century older than the philosopher, therefore, Sophocles’ work could not meet the criteria of the genre put forward by Aristotle. Thus, the study is novel in that it represents the first attempt to analyse the tragedy “Antigone”, written a hundred years before the appearance of Aristotle’s treatise “Poetics”, in accordance with the criteria of the genre that Aristotle highlighted in his work. The author also tried to draw a parallel between the two ancient authors, who were not contemporaries. The study expands our understanding of the genre of tragedy. The aim of the study is to show how the genre existed in practical and theoretical aspects in different historical periods, to find direct proof of the theory in practice. As a result of analysing Sophocles’ tragedy “Antigone”, it has been found that “Antigone” is a whole, complete action, since it has the beginning, the middle and the end; this work is represented by a number of consecutive events, which indicates the presence of a composition of events in it, moreover, the tragedy is an action with a complicated plot, where a change occurs from the moment of obtaining knowledge; the characters of “Antigone” realise the presence of thoughts in the dramatic work in their statements; the heroes’ personalities are determined by the nature of their actions; the author of the tragedy raises the problem of total loneliness; his tragic hero is vicious, on the one hand, on the other hand, he is decent, moral, endowed with willpower.
Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants in The Lagarmi Zone (Wilaya of El Bayadh - Algeria, West)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Algerian arid zone presents a rich diversity of medicinal plants and ethnoecological knowledge.Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants was carried out in the Wilaya of el bayadh (Laguermi Zone).The purpose of this study is to compile a catalog of medicinal plants, to gather all the information concerning the therapeutic uses practiced by the local population in the region studied.A survey was carried out among the elderly in homes, and the annex of the National Biological Resource Development Center of Laguermi, one hundred (100) questionnaire sheets for two months.The results helped to identify medicinal plants divided into twenty-eight 28 families among which the Lamiaceae and the Asteraceae are the most for the majority of remedies.The results are a valuable source of information for both the study area and the national medicinal flora; it could be a database for further research in phytochemistry and pharmacology fields to search for new natural substances.
Molecular Epidemiology and Resistance Profile of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Strains Isolated from Different Sources in Brazil

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Aims: The objectives of this study were to genotype a total of 48 Campylobacter jejuni and 39 Campylobacter coli strains isolated in Brazil from 1995 to 2016 by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and to determine their resistance profile. The presence or points of mutation in the related resistance genes was verified. Results: By MLST, C. jejuni strains were typed into 36 STs and C. coli strains were typed into 27 STs. A total of 70.8% of C. jejuni and 35.9% of C. coli were resistant to at least one antimicrobial tested. The tet(O) gene was detected in 43.7% C. jejuni and in 12.8% C. coli. The ermB gene was not detected and one C. jejuni presented the mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. Besides, 58.3% C. jejuni presented the substitution T86I in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA and 15.4% C. coli presented the substitution T38I. The cmeB gene was detected in 97.9% C. jejuni and in 97.4% C. coli. Conclusion: The presence of C. jejuni and C. coli resistant to some antimicrobial agents of clinical use is of public health concern. The presence of STs shared between Brazilian strains and isolates of different countries is of concern since it might suggest a possible spread of these shared types.
Oxygen Therapy in the Postanesthesia Care Unit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor: Gift et al. [1] state that the rational cost-effective use of supplemental oxygen in the early postoperative period in patients that have undergone peripheral surgery can be adjusted according to the level of oxygen saturation upon admission to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). From this point of view, a safe level of oxygen saturation might indicate that routine oxygen administration is unnecessary [2]. Gift et al. propose a level of 92% oxygen saturation on arrival to the PACU as safe. However, their patients were receiving oxygen supplementation during transfer from the operating room to the PACU and probably high oxygen concentrations were given at the end of anesthesia. I believe that this is the reason why they measured higher levels of oxygen saturation on admission to the PACU (97%) in comparison to other studies [3-5]. In our study [4], cited by them, we considered oxygen saturation on admission to be the level measured 10 min after arrival while the patients were breathing air room; in addition, our patients did not receive oxygen supplementation during the transfer. Our mean value under these conditions was 90.7%, and for the subset of patients that had undergone peripheral surgery it was 92%. I think that the conclusion drawn by the authors that oxygen can be reserved only for patients with oxygen saturation below 92% at the time of admission to the PACU should be taken very cautiously. In the first minutes after anesthesia, there is considerable danger of deep hypoxemia appearing due to factors such as age, preexisting disease, persistent mismatch of ventilation to perfusion, and residual effects of drugs given during general anesthesia or sedation for regional anesthesia [6]. Even when discontinuing supplemental oxygen 30 min after arrival to the PACU, a high incidence of hypoxemic episodes not related to type of surgery has been observed [7]. For all these reasons, I continue to believe that even when patients have undergone peripheral surgery all of them should receive oxygen supplementation systematically during the early postoperative period. For the same reason it is now accepted that all patients must receive oxygen during transfer from the operating room to the PACU [3]. All studies have demonstrated that oxygen, no matter how it is administered, easily relieves postoperative hypoxemia [8]. Jaume Canet, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
Copolymerization of Phenanthrene and Maleic Anhydride

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A study of the copolymerization of phenanthrene and maleic anhydride was carried out at 60°C using AIBN as a radical initiator. The copolymerization is characterized by the fact that these two monomers are hardly homopolymerized, and the complex formed by the two monomers may promote the copolymerization. Also, it was found that solvents having no ability to complex with monomer were good milieus for this copolymerization. The copolymers so obtained have 1:2-1:1 composition ratios of phenanthrene and maleic anhydride. Kinetic studies of the copolymerization were carried out under heterogeneous and homogeneous conditions in benzene and dioxane, respectively. [η] of the copolymer in tetrahydrofuran at 30°C was found to be in the range 0. 06-0.13.