jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An investigation of Teacher Social Media Usage with Parents at Preschool

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The interaction between teachers and parents is a key factor within preschool education and its policy. Children’s understanding of education and academic progress are influenced by their home settings since the development of a child takes place mainly within the family, and preschool is an important time to connect home learning to a formalised education setting. There are logistical, emotional, linguistic, cultural and time-related constraints that can act as barriers to this connection. Social media could offer an opportunity to improve links between the preschool and home environments and thereby increase parents’ involvement in their children’s education. \nThis qualitative case study offers an in-depth and comprehensive exploration of a teacher's and parents’ interactions through social media in a preschool context and the extent of, and effects arising from, the interconnections within this limited context of social media use. The selected preschool is attended by five-/six-year-old children. Data were gathered through a single case and thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. \nThe main findings were that the teacher's and parents’ social media interactions could be understood through an interpretative framework that extends the Epstein Model of Parental Involvement to reveal the interactions between home, school and the wider community, and that these interactions were considered by stakeholders to have a beneficial effect on parental involvement. Specifically, the use of social media helped to contextualise the content learnt about during preschool activities and personalised the conversations between stakeholders. Such interactive, multimodal and multidirectional interactions were possible with a teacher willing to make use of social media. Some parents, however, were concerned about the potential adverse effects on the children’s social and emotional development; while the lack of a legal framework for social media use in the preschool classroom was another area of concern for both the teacher and parents. Overall, the study contributes to the prior literature on parent involvement with twenty-first-century interaction paradigms. \n
Spin asymmetry in muon proton deep inelastic scattering on a transversely-polarized target.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

CERN-SPS. SMC Collaboration. Measurement of spin asymmetry in deep inelastic scattering of 100 GeV longitudinally-polarized muons on transversely polarized protons in the x range 0.006 to 0.6 and Q**2 range 1 to 30 GeV**2.
SH1242594.09FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
A blind navigation guide model for obstacle avoidance using distance vision estimation based YOLO-V8n

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Obstacle is an object positioned along a path of propagation with the potential to cause a collision and hence, an accident. Over the years, several papers have applied advanced computer vision techniques, particularly transfer learning algorithms, to solve this problem, but despite their success, in specific vision applications such as blind guide navigation systems, the model finds it difficult to distinguish between objects and obstacles recognized in the same video frame, hence attracting research attention. In this paper, the aim was to develop a blind navigation guide model for obstacle avoidance using distance vision estimation-based YOLO-V8n. To achieve this, an improved data model was developed using the MS COCO dataset and primary data collected from several indoor environments. Then, the YOLO-V8n architecture was improved by adding a Weighted Feature Enhancement (WFE) model to the backbone for improved feature extraction, and Bi-directional Feature Pyramid Network (Bi-FPN) was applied to the neck to improve multi-scale feature representation. In addition, a Distance Vision Estimation (DVE) algorithm was developed and applied to the Bi-FPN before connecting it to the head of the YOLO-V8n to facilitate simultaneous object detection and distance measurement in real-time video. Furthermore, the issue of bounding box overlap in the model was addressed by applying a Wise Intersection over Unit (WIoU) loss function. Collectively, these formulated the new transfer learning algorithm called YOLO-V8n+WFE+Bi-FPN+DVE+WIoU used in this work for high-level obstacle detection and distance estimation. The model was trained considering different experimental architectures of the YOLO-V8 and loss functions, respectively, and then evaluated with precision, recall, mean absolute precision, and average precision, respectively, before validation through comparative analysis. Upon selection of the best model, it was further validated through comparison with other state-of-the art algorithms before deployment for obstacle avoidance in an indoor environment, having satisfied the condition of reliability. Real world testing of the model was performed at four different indoor sites, and the results showed that while the model was able to correctly classify objects, it could also measure their distance accurately, thereby making it suitable for deployment as a blind vision guide navigation system.
Novel Crosslinking System for Poly-Chloroprene Rubber to Enable Recyclability and Introduce Self-Healing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The introduction of dynamic bonds capable of mediating self-healing in a fully cross-linked polychloroprene network can only occur if the reversible moieties are carried by the cross-linker itself or within the main polymer backbone. Conventional cross-linking is not suitable for such a purpose. In the present work, a method to develop a self-healable and recyclable polychloroprene rubber is presented. Dynamic disulfide bonds are introduced as part of the structure of a crosslinker (liquid polysulfide polymer, Thiokol LP3) coupled to the polymer backbone via thermally initiated thiol-ene reaction. The curing and kinetic parameters were determined by isothermal differential scanning calorimetry and by moving die rheometer analysis; tensile testing was carried to compare the tensile strength of cured compound, healed compounds and recycled compounds, while chemical analysis was conducted by surface X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Three formulations with increasing concentrations of Thiokol LP-3 were studied (2, 4, 6 phr), reaching a maximum ultimate tensile strength of 22.4 MPa and ultimate tensile strain of 16.2 with 2 phr of Thiokol LP-3, 11.7 MPa and 10.7 strain with 4 phr and 5.6 MPa and 7.3 strain with 6 phr. The best healing efficiencies were obtained after 24 h of healing at 80 °C, increasing with the concentration of Thiokol LP-3, reaching maximum values of 4.5% 4.4% 13.4% with 2 phr, 4 phr and 6 phr, respectively, while the highest recycling efficiency was obtained with 4 phr of Thiokol LP-3, reaching 11.2%.
The first enantioselective syntheses of vicinal difluoropyrrolidines and the first catalytic asymmetric synthesis mediated by the C2 symmetry of a –CHFCHF– unit

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The first enantiopure vicinal difluorides of C2 symmetry have been prepared by the introduction of fluorine at both centres in a single operation; the first asymmetric synthesis using a catalyst whose chirality depends on organofluorine asymmetry is described.
A longitudinal framework to describe the relation between age-related hearing loss and social isolation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Many older adults live with some form of hearing loss and have difficulty understanding speech in the presence of background sound. Experiences resulting from such difficulties include increased listening effort and fatigue, and reduced enjoyment. Social interactions may become less appealing in the context of such experiences, and age-related hearing loss is associated with an increased risk of social isolation and associated negative psychosocial health outcomes. However, the precise relationship between age-related hearing loss and social isolation is not well described. Here, we review the literature on the relationship between hearing loss and social isolation, and propose a framework with three conceptual anchor stages to describe trajectories of the relation between hearing loss and social isolation: within-situation disengagement from listening, social withdrawal, and social isolation. We describe the distinct characteristics of each stage and suggest potential interventions to mitigate negative impacts of hearing loss on social lives and health. We close by outlining potential implications for researchers and clinicians.
Expanding the circle : collaborative research to create culturally responsive family literacy programming

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis documents the creation of a family literacy program developed with, and for, a Haida community on the Northwest Coast of British Columbia. The field of family literacy is juxtaposed with the historical and contemporary school experiences of the community and presented as a means of addressing the imbalance between Indigenous and Western knowledge systems currently offered through the public education system. Both Indigenous and Western research methods are utilized through a process designed to involve the community in the reconstruction of an already-existing community family literacy program, PALS (Parents as Literacy Supporters). The metaphor of a circle, representing the six Haida values of interconnectedness, seeking wise counsel, reciprocity, balance, respect, and responsibility, is used to guide the research in addition to serving as the foundation for a new, culturally responsive, version of PALS.
Trends in effort at work in the UK

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article links detailed 24-h diary surveys in the UK for the last four decades, to provide evidence of an increase in work effort in three specific dimensions: timing, nature, and composition. We rule out certain proposed explanations of these trends, finding that the decrease in the frequency of on-the-job leisure is more pronounced for workers in routine task-intensive occupations. Alternative supply-side and demand-side explanations, such as changes in relative preferences for leisure, or an increase in off-shoring, or competition for jobs, cannot explain our results. Our findings suggest that the amount and frequency of on-the-job leisure can be used as a measure of work effort, and that the routine-biased technological changes experienced during this period lie at the root of the increase in work effort in the UK.
Portrait of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) of Science Teachers in Global Islamic Boarding School Material Classification of Living Things

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is a wedge between Content Knowledge and Pedagogical Knowledge, namely knowledge about the material being taught and how to teach it. The teacher's ability to understand the material and manage learning greatly determines the improvement of the quality of learning in the classroom in realizing meaningful learning for students. This study aims to describe the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) for science teachers at the Global Islamic Boarding School Middle School (GIBS) regarding the classification of living things. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques using observation sheets, interviews and documentation. The results of the study show that teachers can balance between two competencies, namely knowledge of material classification of living things and how to teach it using 7 aspects of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), namely Content Knowledge, Knowledge of Specific Context, Knowledge of Learners and Learning, Pedagogical Knowledge, Curriculum Knowledge, Knowledge of General Education Context, Assessment Procedures, Evaluation of Outcomes – Educational Ends, Goals, Purposes, and Values.
The slippery paths of commemoration and Heritage tourism: the Netherlands, Ghana, and the rediscovery of Atlantic slavery

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Reflects upon the commemoration of the Atlantic slave trade and American slavery. Author describes how the slave trade and slavery was recently "rediscovered", as a part of Dutch history, and he compares this to the attention to this history in other European countries once engaging in slavery. He argues that despite the fact that the history of the slave trade and slavery is worthy of attention in itself, contemporary political and social factors mainly influence attention to the slave trade and slavery, noting that in countries with larger Afro-Caribbean minority groups the attention to this past is greater than in other once slave-trading countries. He further deplores the lack of academic accuracy on the slave trade and slavery in slavery commemorations and in the connected search for African roots among descendants of slaves, and illustrates this by focusing on the role of Ghana, and the slave fortress Elmina there, as this fortress also has become a much visited tourist site by Afro-Americans. According to him, this made for some that Ghana represents the whole of Africa, while African slaves in the Caribbean, also in the Dutch colonies, came from various parts of Africa. Author attributes this selectivity in part to the relatively large Ghanaian community in the Netherlands.
Associations of hearing loss with subjective cognitive decline among American Indians and Alaska Natives and other race/ethnic groups: results from the BRFSS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Prior research has established a relationship between hearing loss (HL) and cognitive decline. However, this association remains unclear in the American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) population. Given the high prevalence of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and HL in the AI/AN population, exploring this relationship is crucial. This study investigated the HL‐SCD association among AI/AN and other racial/ethnic participants of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Method This study analyzed data from 170,048 participants aged 45+ in the 2019‐2020 BRFSS, encompassing AI/AN (n = 2,942), non‐Hispanic White (NHW, n = 143,172), non‐Hispanic Black (NHB, n = 13,377), and Hispanic (n = 10,557) adults. Sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and comorbidities were reported across the four groups. HL was defined as self‐reported deaf or having serious difficulty hearing, and SCD was defined as self‐repoted worsening confusion or memory loss in the past 12 months. Logistic regressions were employed to assess the HL‐SCD association, adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and clinical variables. Additionally, age‐specific analyses were conducted for the 45‐64 and 65+ age cohorts. Result AI/ANs exhibited higher prevalence of HL, at 18.92% (95% CI: 14.3% ‐ 23.53%), and SCD, at 16.9% (95% CI: 14.13% ‐ 19.66%), compared to other groups (Table 1). A consistent and significant positive association between HL and SCD was observed across all groups. For AI/AN participants, the fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) for SCD associated with HL was 2.35 (95% CI: 1.4 ‐ 3.95). The ORs for NHW, NHB, and Hispanic participants were 2.02 (95% CI: 1.81 ‐ 2.25), 2.2 (95% CI: 1.61 ‐ 3.01), 2.7 (95% CI: 1.8 ‐ 4.06) respectively (Table 2). The study also revealed that the HL‐SCD association varies by age. Among AI/ANs, NHWs, and NHBs, this association is more pronounced in the 45‐64 age group. Conversely, for Hispanics, it is stronger in the 65+ age group (Figure 1). Conclusion Our study found a significant association between HL and SCD in the AI/AN population, consistent with other racial/ethnic groups. We also found age was a key effect modifier in this association. These findings suggest the potential value of routine hearing tests in older AI/AN adults for early dementia detection and prevention.
Performance of Fiber-Optic Raman Probes for Analysis of Gas Mixtures in Enclosures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The feasibility of using fiber-optic Raman probes to identify and quantify gases in enclosures is investigated by measuring and comparing detection thresholds using several probe and enclosure designs. Unfiltered, non-imaging, fiber-optic probes are shown to achieve lower detection thresholds than a filtered, imaging, fiberoptic probe, provided that light scattering within the sample enclosure is minimized and provided that a window is not used between the probe and the analyte gas. Achievable thresholds for hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane in gas mixtures are demonstrated to be below 1 kPa with ten seconds signal acquisition and 0.1 kPa with twenty minutes signal acquisition with the use of 0.4 W of 532-nm excitation. Ambient carbon dioxide in air (.03 kPa) is shown to be detectable in a twenty minute acquisition, and ambient water vapor is well above the detection threshold. Background signals generated within the optical fibers remain the principal factors limiting detection thresholds. Factors affecting the magnitudes of these signals reaching the detector are investigated and discussed. A flat piece of light-absorbing colored glass tilted to direct reflected light away from the fiber-optic probe performs well as a beam stop to reduce background signal in a simple, cylindrical sample enclosure.
Characterization of cassava starch and detection of starch synthase gene under different micro nutrient fertilizer levels by using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Real Time PCR

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate vegetative growth and root storage of cassava applied by micro nutrient fertilizer, to compare root storage of yield treated by micro nutrient fertilizer as 0, 20, and 40 kg/ha, to evaluate the structure of cassava starch by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and to identify the activity of gene starch synthase with Real Time PCR. There were three different dosages of micro nutrient fertilizer as 0, 20, and 40 kg/ha. Variables observe in this study were leaf number, leaf dry weight, storage root number, storage root wet weight, diameter of starch granule, visual starch granule by SEM, and gene starch synthase activity by Real Time PCR. The result showed that leaf number of cassava applied by high dosages of micro nutrient fertilizer (20 & 40 kg/ha) tended to be lower compared to those without micro nutrient fertilizer application. Yet, the application of high dosages of micro nutrient fertilizer, tended to produce relatively high leaf dry weight. Such condition could support the production of high storage root number and weight. Additionally, starch structure applied by high dosages of micro nutrient fertilizer seemed to be denser due probably to high starch granule diameter. The increase in storage root number and density of cassava applied by 20 kg micro nutrient fertilizer/ha was concomitant with high gene starch synthase activity, approximately as many as 200 times compared to those without micro nutrient fertilizer application.
Keywords: micro nutrient fertilizer, Real Time PCR, starch granule, starch synthase
What makes people accept carbon capture and utilization products? Exploring requirements of use in the German population

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) is often referred to as an important cornerstone in the context of counteracting climate change. It aims to capture CO2 from various sources and to store it in valuable products more or less permanently. While the environmental impact of this technology has already received much scientific attention, this work takes a social science perspective on the matter. Using an empirical mixed-methods approach consisting of an exploratory focus group study (N = 13) and a validating quantitative questionnaire study (N = 198), public perceptions and acceptance of CCU were assessed in Germany by identifying motivators, barriers, and usage requirements. As CCU products, clothing, cosmetics, and food packaging were under study. Potential cost savings from shortened supply chains or manufacturing steps were the biggest motivator for using CCU. However, environmental impacts resulting from the degradation and reuse of CO2 were also recognized and the conservation of fossil resources was also acknowledged. The biggest barrier, in contrast, was the concern about possible manipulation of consumers through marketing. Participants feared that CCU would be publicly portrayed as better than it actually is. In addition, a high energy input in the production of CCU products was expected and doubts were expressed about the longevity of the positive environmental impacts of CCU. General acceptance within the sample was quite high, however, the level of CCU awareness was rather low. Our results show a considerable lack of public knowledge about and information regarding the environmental impact of CCU, among other factors, despite this very topic garnering plenty of scientific attention. A need for publicly accessible information materials uniquely tailored toward potential consumer target groups was revealed.
Shielding considerations for the 750-MeV electron accelerator at the University of Illinois

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This report summarizes some of the calculations that were carried out to provide shielding data for the 750-MeV electron accelerator under construction at the University of Illinois. All of the results described herein were obtained for a 300-MeV and/or 750-MeV electron beam. All calculations deal with doses produced by the particle beam during operation and do not include secondary radiation sources, i.e., induced radioactivity. The dose equivalents were obtained as a function of shield thickness so that various accident scenatios could be considered, i.e., various percentages of beam loss during operation. The calculated results that were considered included: (1) the earth shielding thickness (and iron door) surrounding the accelerator vault, (2) the earth shielding thickness around the beam transport tunnel, (3) an estimate of the thickness and composition of the movable shielding door in the general purpose electron beam experimental area, (4) the shield thickness around the beam dump in the bremsstrahlung irradiation facility, (5) skyshine dose from some of the experimental areas, and (6) dose rates inside and outside the tagged photon facility. The programs and cross section data bases used in the calculations, as well as the source neutron spectra calculations, are presented. The results of the dose calculations are presented and discussed.