jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Can Trust Explain Social Capital Effect on Property Rights and Growth?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The consensus in growth literature has recognized the significant effects of institutions (including social capital and political institutions) towards economic growth. Utilizing the World Value Survey (WVS)'s trust variable that has often been used to represent social capital, and employing panel data technique which hitherto has been very limited in social capital studies, this study shows that WVS' trust data suffer severe missing observation problem and the panel fixed effect estimation using such data produce highly unrobust results. Future research in social capital therefore needs to expand their measure of social capital beyond the WVS trust indicator. The results also indicate that political institutions effect on growth could possibly occur indirectly via property rights channel.
A family history of diabetes is not associated with arterial stiffness in non-diabetic Japanese population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prevalent diabetes is at high risk for cardiovascular diseases and has a high familial inheritance. However, little is known whether a non-diabetic subject with a family history of diabetes is at high risk for vascular damage or not. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between a family history of diabetes and arterial stiffness in adult non-diabetic Japanese population. We analyzed eligible 787 non-diabetic subjects (502 men and 285 women) aged 35-69 years who enrolled in the baseline survey of a cohort study in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan and who underwent a brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) measurement. Information on individual life-style characteristics including medical history and treatment for diseases and a first-degree family history of diabetes was obtained through a structured self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between a family history of diabetes and ba-PWV. We found no differences in age-and-systolic blood pressure-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted means of ba-PWVs between subjects of both sexes with and without a family history of diabetes. Logistic regression analyses including both sexes also revealed that subjects with a family history of diabetes showed no differences in age-and-systolic blood pressure-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for high ba-PWV compared to those without that trait. Our results suggest that a family history of diabetes itself is not associated with arterial stiffness in adult non-diabetic Japanese population.
Laparoscopic Procedures in Urology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987Laparoscopic Procedures in Urology Sakti Das, Jeffrey D. Upton, and Arjan D. Amar Sakti DasSakti Das More articles by this author , Jeffrey D. UptonJeffrey D. Upton More articles by this author , and Arjan D. AmarArjan D. Amar More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)75443-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Laparoscopic Procedures in Urology." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 177A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 177A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Sakti Das More articles by this author Jeffrey D. Upton More articles by this author Arjan D. Amar More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Complex Relationship Between Cyberbullying and Trust

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Theoretically, there are strong arguments for a relationship between cyberbullying and trust. On the one hand, trust is built on experiences; thus, experiences of malevolence such as cyberbullying might contribute to low trust. On the other hand, high trust may lead to risky online behavior such as self-disclosures that could increase the risk of cyberbullying. As first empirical evidence, we explored this relationship in two cross-sectional studies. Explorative Study 1 ( N = 224) showed that negative experiences of family problems and cyber-perpetration predicted low generalized trust. Exploratory Study 2 ( N = 196) showed no significant direct relationship, but trust was related to low online privacy concerns and the willingness to self-disclose online was positively related to cyber-victimization and cyber-perpetration. Thus, these studies show mixed evidence and demonstrate that the relationship between cyberbullying and trust might be more complex than assumed. Future longitudinal designs might be illuminating.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) associated steatosis and increased gluconeogenic gene expression in Huh8 cells: essential role of NS5A and C/EBPâ

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with altered lipid metabolism, type II diabetes and steatohepatitis, however the cellular mechanisms are not well understood. PEPCK was dramatically up‐regulated in Huh.8 cells (stably infected HCV replicon) involving the activation of the CRE in the PEPCK promoter and responded robustly to NS5A expression/deletion. HCV induced an increase in C/EBPβ, Foxo1, and PGC1α gene at transcription level and activation of phosphorylated CREB at Ser133. Dominant negative CREB or C/EBPβ RNAi transduction in Huh.8 cells significantly reduced PEPCK, without affecting Foxo1 or PGC1a genes. Cellular lipids were greatly increased in Huh.8 cells, while a deletion in NS5A cause reduction but was without effect on insulin resistance. Huh8 cells demonstrated insulin resistance at the level of the decreased insulin receptor β and 473‐Ser‐Akt; and increased 307‐Ser‐IRS‐1 in response to insulin; accompanied by increased SREBP‐1c and SCD‐1. C/EBPβ RNAi reduced the expression of SREBP‐1c, PPARγ, DGAT1, LXRα but was unable to reduce the accumulation of triglycerides. We conclude that NS5A and C/EBPβ are partially responsible for the NASH like features in Huh8 cells. Collectively, these data suggests cellular mechanisms other than NS5A in the mechanism(s) for HCV‐induced insulin resistance and alteration in lipid metabolism. Support R01‐DK59767, ALF
Interior Architecture Project Approach with Design-oriented Thinking Model: Clinic Designs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Interior architecture can be described as the activity of a designated space to produce solutions that are appropriate to its purpose and to solve existing problems in accordance with the decisions made. However, sometimes using conventional learning techniques to comprehend and solve real-world problems is insufficient. Therefore, through the integration of many disciplines, educational models are being developed to produce new solutions that will influence the knowledge and thinking acquired. Design-oriented thinking is also becoming more and more important in the design education process, as creativity, problem-solving and innovation are indispensable. As part of a 14-week studio study for the Interior Architecture Project-V course, the study was conducted with fourth-grade students from Selçuk University's Faculty of Architecture and Design in the fall semester of 2022–2023. The study is based on a design-oriented thinking method. The objective of the four-stage study is to enable the student to produce original and innovative projects specific to the identified problems by staying attached to a method. This will enable the student to identify the learning outcomes in the process of creative thinking and transforming thinking into an idea when designing the current clinical premises.
SPUTUM CULTURE AND POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION TESTS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS IN EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a growing pulmonary disorder comprised of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This condition is characterized by breathlessness, decrease immunity, and recurrent respiratory tract infections (RTI). The objective of this study was identification of predominant bacterial pathogens in respiratory tract, responsible for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients using highly sensitive real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and conventional methods. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, 120 diagnosed regular follow-ups of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with informed and written consent aged between 40–55 years from both sexes were included in the study. All samples were analyzed through sputum culturing and PCR assays. Results: Sixty stable state samples and 60 aggravated condition samples were collected from subjects on treatment for the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Stable state samples were negative for Chlamydophila pneumonia, and Mycoplasma pneumonia. However, samples showed the presence of Moraxella, Streptococcus, Nocardia, Lactobacilli, and Legionella. In aggravated state samples Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pneumonia, E. coli, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, and Nocardia were observed. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that there is a unique relationship between bacterial pathogens and the recurrence of the severity of symptoms in COPD. To understand the diversity of atypical and typical microbiota it is important to utilize sensitive advanced techniques for routine investigations of the COPD population. Pak J Physiol 2022;18(1):39–43
Optimization of Microwave-assisted Extraction of Ginsenoside Rb_1 from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Callus Using Response Surface Analysis

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Microwave was applied to the extraction of gypenoside Rb1from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Callus,single factor experiments involving three technological parameters including material / liquid ratio,microwave power and extraction duration were done for following investigations on the interactive effects of the parameters on ginsenoside Rb1using central composite design( CCD) combined with response surface methodology. In the optimization,a quadratic polynomial regression model was developed for ginsenoside Rb1yield as a response to the above parameters. Results showed that the optimal values of technological parameters for using deionized water to extract POP were as follows: material / liquid ratio 1∶ 20 g / mL,extraction duration 6 min,microwave power 200 W. Under these conditions,the yield of gypenoside Rb1was 3. 95 mg / g.
The persistence of apartheid regional wage disparities in South Africa

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this article, we use a new economic geography (NEG) model to estimate the extent to which the persistence in apartheid regional wage disparities in South Africa is an outcome of economic forces such as market access. We estimate a structural wage equation derived directly from the NEG theory for 354 regions over the period 1996 to 2011. We find support for an augmented NEG model in explaining regional wage disparities across regions in South Africa, although the market access effects are highly localised in view of high distance coefficients. We also find, even after controlling for NEG and other region-specific characteristics, a persistent wage deficit in the former homelands, where under apartheid black South Africans were forcefully relocated according to their ethnic groups. Average wages of workers in homelands remained approximately 17% lower than predicted between 1996 and 2011, despite the reintegration of these regions into South Africa and the implementation of regional policies after the end of apartheid.
Violence: an unrecognized environmental exposure that may contribute to greater asthma morbidity in high risk inner-city populations.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the United States, rising trends in asthma prevalence and severity, which disproportionately impact minorities and the urban poor, have not been fully explained by traditional physical environmental risk factors. Exigencies of inner-city living can increase psychosocial risk factors (e.g., stress) that confer increased asthma morbidity. In the United States, chronic exposure to violence is a unique stressor existing in many high-risk urban neighborhoods. In this paper, we describe a series of cases that exemplify a temporal association between exposure to violence and the precipitation of asthma exacerbations in four urban pediatric patients. In the first three cases, the nature of the exposure is characterized by the proximity to violence, which ranged from direct victimization (through either the threat of physical assault or actual assault) to learning of the death of a peer. The fourth case characterizes a scenario in which a child was exposed to severe parental conflict (i.e., domestic violence) in the hospital setting. Increasingly, studies have begun to explore the effect of living in a violent environment, with a chronic pervasive atmosphere of fear and the perceived or real threat of violence, on health outcomes in population-based studies. Violence exposure may contribute to environmental demands that tax both the individual and the communities in which they live to impact the inner-city asthma burden. At the individual level, intervention strategies aimed to reduce violence exposure, to reduce stress, or to counsel victims or witnesses to violence may be complementary to more traditional asthma treatment in these populations. Change in policies that address the social, economic, and political factors that contribute to crime and violence in urban America may have broader impact.
A longitudinal assessment of relationship characteristics that predict new parents' relationship satisfaction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Drawing on the relational turbulence model, this study queries whether it is the amount of relational uncertainty and partner interference in a relationship, or the magnitude of an increase in these mechanisms over time, that accounts for decreased relationship satisfaction for new parents. To test these competing hypotheses, a longitudinal study of 78 couples was conducted in which both partners completed surveys about their relationship at 4 time points during the transition to parenthood. Multilevel modeling revealed that the amount and the increase of relational uncertainty and partner interference were negatively associated with relationship satisfaction when considered separately, but when evaluated in combination, the magnitude of an increase in these variables was the stronger predictor of relationship satisfaction.
Relationship between myeloid-derived suppressor cells and related immune cells in the process of tumor progression

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are a heterogeneous population of early myeloid progenitors,immature granulocytes,macrophages,and dendritic cells at different stages of differentiation.These cells have the capacity to suppress both the innate immunity response mediated by the cytotoxic natural killer cells and natural killer T cells,and the adaptive immune response mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.In addition,myeloid-derived suppressor cells have close links with macrophages,dendritic cells,regulate T cells and so on,and also play an important role in the process of tumor progression.

Key words:
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells; T-lymphocytes; Dendritic cell; Nature killer cell; Natural killer T cell; Macrophage; Regulate T cell
Overexpression of a Novel Lymphocyte Population, Positive for an Intracellular CD14-Like Antigen, in Patients Positive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT CD14, originally recognized as a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor, has recently been implicated in the process of T-cell suppression and apoptosis. Its soluble form has been shown to bind, in vitro, to human T cells, a process that may carry a negative signal onto these cells. We recently described a novel lymphocyte population in human peripheral blood, a population that expresses an intracellular CD14-like antigen. This novel T-cell population, composed mainly of CD8 cells and of very few CD4 cells, was found to be greatly enhanced in asymptomatic, untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. In the present study, we further characterized this cell population and found that it differed from other CD8 subpopulations associated with HIV infection such as CD8/CD38. In addition, we followed HIV patients under conditions of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and observed two groups of patients: patients in whom the CD14-like positive-testing T cells returned to normal within 1 to 3 months, and patients in whom it did not, in spite of a significant plasma HIV-RNA viral load decrease. Thus, this new CD14-like positive-testing lymphocyte population may represent an interesting and important component of the cellular events associated with HIV infection. On the basis of its modulation following HAART, we speculate that it may be used, in the future, as a drug-monitoring cellular marker in antiretroviral treatment.
A Detection method of electromagnetic analysis attacks based on change in amplitude of noise around integrated circuits

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Electromagnetic analysis (EMA) attacks are a type of side-channel attacks that can be performed without opening or modifying a cryptographic module. In this study, we propose a detection method for the measurement of side-channel information, which is performed at the preliminary stage of the analysis of the target device as a countermeasure against EMA attacks performed near integrated circuits (ICs) with cryptographic modules. The presence of an electromagnetic (EM) field probe is detected by analyzing the sampling background noise around the IC using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) inside the IC and by observing any changes in the EM environment. The proposed method can effectively detect a probe placed 5 cm from the IC package.
Formulation of Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine Bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) Extract Into a Gel Toothpaste

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Dental caries is a disease of tooth decay that starts from the surface and evolve in the direction of the tooth, beginning with the process of tooth demineralization. Tooth decay is usually caused by the bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) has antibacterial activity due to its compound i.e. flavonoid, fenol, triterpenoid, dan antrakuinon. This study aims to formulate the bawang dayak ethanol extract into a stable gel toothpaste. Bawang dayak ethanol extract 2,5% was formulated in 5 formulas with varying degree of sorbitol (5 - 50%) and carboxymethyl cellulose (3 - 7%). Physical stability of bawang dayak ethanol extract gel toothpastes were evaluated including organoleptic and homogeneity test, pH measurement, viscosity measurement, spreading test, and freeze-thaw cycling test. The result showed bawang dayak ethanol extract gel toothpastes have pH range of 5.50 - 5.80, spreading area 4.61 - 5.82, viscosity value 17066 - 99877 mPas. Organoleptic and homogeneity in 7 days showed two layers color of gel toothpaste. Consistency test and Freeze-thaw cycling test results showed no change in organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, and viscosity of gel toothpastes.
Altered Expression of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Metabolizing Enzymes in Oral Cancer Correlate With Clinicopathological Attributes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have determined the gene expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) metabolizing enzymes (SphK1, SphK2, SGPL1, SGPP1, SGPP2, PPAP2A, PPAP2B, and PPAP2C) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues of 50 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Expression of SphK1 and SGPP1 genes was up-regulated significantly in 70% and 75% OSCC tumors respectively. Importantly, expression of SphK2 and PPAP2B was down-regulated in the tumor tissues of 70% OSCC patients. Expression of SphK2 and PPAP2B negatively correlated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging and tumor volume respectively. Furthermore, LPP1 is an independent predictor of TNM staging and lymph node ratio.
Growth evolution and characterization of ultra-thin CoGe2 films synthesized via a catalytic solid–vapour reaction technique

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A low temperature process, relying on the catalytic chemical vapor reaction of GeH4 with solid Co layers, is developed to synthesize ultra-thin CoGe2 layers (10–20 nm) on 300 mm Si wafers. The selective reaction of Co with GeH4 results in the direct formation of CoGe2 films crystallizing in the orthorhombic structure. Detailed studies under germanidation reaction conditions show that the optimal temperature (325 °C vs. 400 °C) to obtain low resistive, defect free and continuous CoGe2 films depends on the initial Co thickness. Investigation on various stages of cobalt germanide growth evolution demonstrates that the complete conversion of Co, leading to closed and stoichiometric CoGe2 films, occurs after 60 s of GeH4 exposure as evidenced by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Rutherford back scattering (RBS) and sheet resistance (Rs) analysis. The CoGe2 formation is found to exhibit self-limiting growth. The layers demonstrate constant film properties (phase purity, resistivity, composition homogeneity, uniformity, and smooth morphology with insignificant rms roughness increase) within a large process window, negligibly influenced by excessive GeH4 exposure conditions. Independent of the post-deposition annealing employed (RTA or furnace annealing), results showed the CoGe2 layers to be thermally stable up to 500 °C without phase or morphological degradation or film roughening. Resistivity values in the range of 70–50 μΩ cm were observed for 10–20 nm CoGe2 films.
Constituents of Leaves of <i>Callistemon rigidus</i> R. Br.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Examination of the constituent of the leaves of Callistemon rigidus R. Br. (Myrtaceae) revealed the presence of cineol and a kind of triterpenoid, C30H48O3, m.p. 322°, [α]D14: +40°, which was found to be identical with melaleucin, the constituent of a bark of Melaleuca leucadendron L. (Myrtaceae), by mixed fusion and measurement of the infrared absorption spectrum. Its acetate, m.p. 298-299°, C32H50O4, methyl ester, m.p. 231-232°, C31H50O3, and acetate of methyl ester, m.p. 217-218°, C33H52O4, were also prepared.
Errors in the Concept of Countervailing Power

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

SINCE its publication early in 1952, American Capitalism: The Concept ~J of Countervailing Power,' by John Kenneth Galbraith, has had remarkable reception from economists and general readers. Its range of important topics, striking new theory, and easy readability account for this. It was chosen in 1952 as the only published work to represent economics in the large interdepartmental course in the social sciences at Brooklyn College. The word countervailing seems to have entered the language of economics.2 Praise by reviewers has included Stuart Chase's opinion that the book restores it [economics] to an objective sciences and the less daring characterizations by C. L. Christenson as a brilliant work of synthesis4 and by Business Week as a rough approximation of more realistic theory of the economy.5 A review by Paul T. Homan urged that Professor Galbraith's arguments deserve the careful attention of his professional colleagues.' The book's wide influence calls for an appraisal, even though the time for regular reviews has passed.7