jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transfusion Transmitted Infections in Multiple Transfused Thalassemia Patients in Rahim Yar Khan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency of transfusion transmitted infections in frequently transfused beta thalassemia patients & to determine the association of transfusion transmitted infections with age, gender and number of blood transfusions. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was performed from June to December 2018 on 350 samples of diagnosed patients of Bata Thalassemia Major and Beta Thalassemia Intermedia by Convenient Sampling technique registered at Centre for Thalassemia Care, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan receiving repeated blood transfusions. The cases were distributed into three separate age groups, i.e., <10 years, 11-20 years and more than 20 years. Screening of HBsAg, Anti-HCV, Anti-HIV, Malarial Antigen and Anti treponema pallidum was done through Immunochromatographic technique (ICT). RESULTS: There were 225(64.3%) males and 125(35.7%) females. 274(78.3%) were in <10 years, 70(20%) in11-20 years and 6(1.7%) in 21-30 years’ age groups respectively. HCV, HBV, HIV and MP were seen in 34.8%, 5.1%, 1.1% and 6% respectively. No case of syphilis was detected. The patients with >200 transfusions developed 9% more infections than the patients getting transfusions < 200. All the obtained data was inserted and studied in SPSS version 20. CONCLUSION: This study flourished that the most frequent infection among beta thalassemia patients was HCV followed by Malaria, HBV and HIV. The risk of transmission of Transfusion Transmitted Infections is directly proportional to the number of transfusions. All blood banks and transfusion centers have to implement mandatory screening of blood against the TTIs.
P1691Impact of dose and duration of dietary salt reduction on blood pressure levels: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Authoritative medical and public health agencies in most countries advise to reduce population dietary salt intake to under 5–6 g/day as a strategy for preventing high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. However, there is still dispute about whether salt reduction should be adopted by all populations. In addition, the effect of duration of dietary salt reduction has not been sufficiently investigated. Purpose To understand the effect of dietary salt reduction on blood pressure and the impact of intervention duration. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Randomized controlled trials that allocated participants to low and high salt intake, without confounding from unequal concomitant interventions, were included. We excluded studies done in individuals younger than 18 years, pregnant women, individuals with renal disease or heart failure, and studies with sodium excretion estimated from spot urine. Random effect meta-analysis was used to generate pooled estimates of the effect on 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Multivariate meta-regression was used to quantify the dose response effect of dietary salt on blood pressure change and to understand the impact of the intervention duration. Results 125 studies were included with 162 data points extracted. Ninety-nine data points (61%) had interventions under 4 weeks. Overall, 24-hour urinary sodium excretion changed by −141 mmol (95% CI: −156; −126), systolic blood pressure changed by −4.4 mm Hg (95% CI: −5.2; −3.7) and diastolic blood pressure changed by −2.4 mm Hg (95% CI: −2.9; −1.9). Sodium reduction resulted in a significant decrease of systolic blood pressure in all subgroups except in participants with low baseline sodium intake (<109 mmol) (Figure 1). Each 100 mmol reduction of sodium was associated with 2.7 mm Hg (95% CI: 1.0; 4.4; p=0.002) reduction of systolic blood pressure and 1.2 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.0; 2.4; p=0.046) reduction of diastolic blood pressure after adjusting for intervention duration, age, sex, race, baseline blood pressure, baseline sodium intake and interaction between age and baseline blood pressure. For the same amount of salt reduction, a 10 mm Hg higher baseline systolic blood pressure would result in 2.5 mm Hg greater reduction of systolic blood pressure. There is not enough evidence to show the impact of intervention duration. Figure 1 Conclusions Our meta-analysis showed that sodium reduction could reduce blood pressure in all adult populations regardless of age, sex and race. The effect of salt reduction on systolic blood pressure increases with higher baseline blood pressure. Further studies, designed to investigate the impact of intervention duration, are needed to understand the significance of the duration. Acknowledgement/Funding None
Improving Quality and Durability of Bitumen and Asphalt Concrete by Modification Using Recycled Polyethylene Based Polymer Composition

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Bitumen is a component of asphalt binder that combines gravel, sand and mineral powder in the monolith. Bitumen performs this function due to adhesive properties and ability to become liquid when heated, and becomes solid when cooling. At the same thermoplasticity and low strength makes bitumen the most sensitive of all the components of asphalt to the effects of traffic loads and climatic factors. Softening of bitumen at summer temperatures causes rutting on roads and winter fragility results in the occurrence of low-temperature cracking. Modification of bitumen by such polymer additives as thermoelastjplastics of SBS type, latex, terpolymers allows improving bitumen properties and increasing asphalt concrete durability. These additives increase cohesive strength and heat resistance of bitumen, impart elasticity to it, improve its behavior at low temperatures. The main reason that hinders wide application of polymeric modifiers is their high cost. One promising way for solving an issue is partial substitution of expensive modifiers for cheaper plastic waste. In addition, this waste must meet two requirements. Firstly, it should be compatible with bitumen. Secondly, it must provide bitumen with the required positive properties, although maybe not to the extent as special modifiers do. The conducted research showed that so-called recycled polyethylene resulting from the processing of plastic products (films designed for agricultural works, packaging material etc.) meets these requirements. Recycled polyethylene increases viscosity, cohesive strength and heat resistance of bitumen. The conducted studies allowed establishing effective combinations on the basis of recycled polyethylene which ensured significant reduction in the content of expensive special polymer modifiers in bitumen. Ratio of components in the polymer composition is as follows: recycled polyethylene - from 50% to 65%, latex or SBS thermoelastoplastics type - from 30% to 50%, plasticizer (industrial oils, oil extracts, etc.) up to 10%. Rational content is from 3% to 4% by weight of bitumen. The technologies of combining polymer components among themselves and with bitumen were developed. Modification of bitumen by created polymer compositions improved strength and heat resistance characteristics of asphalt concrete and increased its resistance to cracking. Technological parameters of modified bitumen based asphalt mixtures preparation and placing were defined. Modification of asphalt concrete by direct introducing of composite polymer additive in the mix was proposed.
Absolute Neutrophil Counts: Man Vs. Machine

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Absolute Neutrophil Counts (ANC) are hallmark calculations for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients as a means to accurately measure infection risk and monitor post-transplant engraftment. Historically, this calculation was done solely using data from manual differentials. Very low white blood cell counts (WBCs) seen in this patient population make for unique challenges with accuracy due to lack of cells to count. Current advancements in accuracy and speed of laboratory instruments posed a question as to why manual differentials for ANC calculation were necessary. Other factors were the turnaround times (TAT) for manual differentials being double that of automated and significant cost difference between tests due to the labor intensity of manual testing. A research study was performed using 275 specimens from ten different hematology/BMT patients over a period of two months to compare the disparity in ANC from the distinct differential types. The goal was to analyze ANC calculations to determine if data supported a change in practice to using automated differentials routinely. Automated and manual differential results from each specimen were independently reviewed by a medical technologist and transplant nurse to verify ANC calculations from each source document. The calculations used were: Manual ANC= [(%SEGS + % BANDS) x WBC] x 10; Automated ANC = [% NE x WBC] x 10. Compilation of data showed the correlation factor between calculated ANCs from automated and manual differentials to be 93% when WBC was greater than 0.7 x 109/L. For lower counts the instrument accuracy in counting cells far exceeded that of the technologist as the instrument is able to detect more white cells. Standard acceptable laboratory correlation for testing with different methods is 90% or greater. Therefore, the calculated ANC results from an automated differential correspond to manual differential results proving use of automated differentials for ANCs to be warranted. Study data lead to a change in practice by making CBC with automated differential the standard of practice for ANC calculation. This has significantly decreased result TAT allowing for classification of neutropenia and associated patient interventions to happen more quickly and cost effectively.
Relationships between same-day FVC and FIVC from forced spirometry and IVC from DLCO; findings in an IPF clinical trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The FIVC that follows the end of the forced exhalation should not exceed the FVC by the larger of 0.100 L or 5% of the FVC to confirm the forced exhalation started from full inflation. PFT operators often cite this addition to spirometry to be difficult for patients to do. The IVC of test gas for the DLCO test should not be less than 90% of largest VC measured that day. We sought to characterize the relationship between these three parameters in a clinical trial for IPF. Methods: We evaluated 177 same-day measurement of forced spirometry and DLCO in a clinical trial for IPF. Results: The FIVC was <90% of the FVC and could not evaluate full inflation in 15 measurements (8.5%). 40% of these tests were on the 1st 2 patients recruited by the site and all but 2 were successfully repeated. 151 of the remaining 162 measurements (93.2%) demonstrated a FIVC no more than 105% of the FVC. 11 measurements showed the forced exhalation started from a lung volume below full inflation because the FIVC was significantly larger than the FVC. The IVC in 131 DLCO measurements (74.0%) was >90% of the FVC and demonstrated repeatability (Grade A). 16 measurements (9.0%) had IVC between 85% and 90% and demonstrated repeatability of VA with largest VA in acceptable effort (Grade B). 30 measurements (16.9%) showed IVC less than 85% of the FVC. 93% of the measurements showed FIVC < 105% of FVC or 0.1L demonstrating full inflation, 86.7% of measurements where FIVC was <90% of FVC (n=15) were repeated successfully. Conclusions: The requirement to demonstrate full inflation is achievable in this patient population and most sites quickly became accustomed to coaching the FIVC after FVC.
Influence of potassium humate on Morus alba and analysis their nutrients content

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We aimed to the influence of potassium humate on growth rate and nutritional value of Mulberry plant is studied.
Potassium humate is extracted from lignite by treating with Potassium hydroxide. In the present study, Mulberry
plants were grown in different concentration of potassium humate from 1% to 10% respectively. After five months
of respective treatment physical parameters like plant height, number of the leaves and biochemical like protein,
total chlorophylls, total carbohydrates and secondary metabolites were evaluated. They were found to be in
increasing order in all the treated groups than the untreated control. The maximum growth and the nutrient
contents were recorded in 4% of the potassium humate treated plants than the untreated control.
Combination of micro- and macroscopic descriptions of the kinetics of chemical reactions and processes of vibrational energy exchange in a multicomponent gas mixture

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chemical and vibrational kinetics equations for a multicomponent reacting gas mixture constructed by combining microscopic (level-by-level) and macroscopic (mode) descriptions are presented. A mixture of diatomic molecules, anharmonic oscillators, which interact with each other and other generally polyatomic components is treated as a subsystem described microscopically, that is, in the form of equations of balance of vibrational state populations. The subsystem of polyatomic components is considered macroscopically, that is, in the form of equations for component concentrations and mean vibrational mode energies. The kinetic equations obtained this way for a system as a whole correctly describe interactions between components considered microscopically and macroscopically.
Exploring Operator Requirements for Human-Robot Collaboration in A Composite Lay-Up Process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Many industrial production processes continue to involve laborious manual tasks. Composite layup processes in aircraft interior manufacturing still rely heavily on lengthy and physically demanding manual task performance by skilled human operators. Applying a robot to work collaboratively with the operator in the composite layup process can be a promising solution to not only improve productivity and efficiency but also the operator’s well-being. To ensure human-robot collaboration achieves these benefits, it is important to design the new system taking user requirements into account. This paper describes a study that explores a new robot application design for composite layup from a Human-Centred Design perspective using a participatory design approach. A Hierarchical Task Analysis was first conducted to systematically review the traditional composite layup process that requires two operators’ manual work and identify task challenges to be addressed by the collaboration between one human and one robot. Then, a participatory design group workshop was conducted with experienced layup operators to capture user requirements, indicating expected robot applications to address the current task challenges. These expected applications are further classified into five types: Action, Retrieval, Checking, Selecting, and Information Communication, which reflect desirable cognitive capabilities and technology integration for the robot system. The findings provide insights for designing human-robot systems that align with human capabilities and requirements to facilitate seamless integration into existing layup workflow. Also, the research outcomes could be applied to develop a structured framework for advanced human-robot collaboration development in broader industrial operations.
The Irreducible Unitary Representation of SU(2) and Its Lie algebra Representations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the three dimensional special unitary group whose the Lie algebra is given by . The research aims to construct a representation of and realized on the inner product space of all homogeneous polinomials of degree and of all homogeneous polinomials of degree which satisfying irreducibility and unitarity conditions. Namely, The action of and are presented on the spaces and respectively. In the first step, we computed all representations of on and . Furthermore, in the second step, by simply connectedness property of then the irreducible unitary representation of Lie algebra realized on can be obtained from the representation by using derived representation. The results showed the explicit formulas of representations of and
A type I IFN/Flt3 ligand axis augments plasmacytoid dendritic cell development from common lymphoid progenitors (P4484)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract During infections and inflammation, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the most potent type I interferon (IFN-I) producing cells. However, the developmental origin of pDCs and the signals dictating pDC generation remain incompletely understood. Here, we report a synergistic role for IFN-I and Flt3 ligand (FL) in pDC development from common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs). Both conventional DCs and pDCs were generated from CLPs in response to FL, while pDC generation required higher concentrations of FL and concurrent IFN-I signaling. An absence of IFN-I receptor, impairment of IFN-I signaling, or neutralization of IFN-I significantly impeded pDC development from CLPs. Furthermore, FL induced IFN-I in CLPs, resulting in Flt3 upregulation that promotes survival and proliferation of CLPs, as well as their differentiation into pDCs. Collectively, these results define a critical role for the FL/IFN-I/Flt3 axis in pDC differentiation from CLPs and identify a potential target for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases associated with pDCs.
Production Counterfeits and Policy Collisions: the Rover Trajectory — a Salutary Tale

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Rover Group's acquisition by BMW and its dissolution little more than five years later marks the end of an era for the British car industry. This chapter builds on earlier work by the author and others to provide an overview of Rover Group's formation, the controversy over the break-up of its partnership with Honda and acquisition by BMW, and the subsequent trajectories of each of its principal production sites. Neglected contradictions between the market-oriented approach of BMW and Japanese-inspired manufacturing practices are noted — a striking example, played out at Rover in the 1990s, of a strategic mismatch in firm policy. More generally, the history of a British-owned car industry abounds in instances where strategies not only 'meet', but 'collide' (Boyer and Freyssenet, 2002). A persistent theme to emerge throughout is that 'British' decline is not readily disentangled from the effects of internationalisation on the sector.
Using Ex Situ Seedling Baiting to Capture Seedling-Associated Mycorrhizal Fungi in Medicinal Orchid Dendrobium officinale

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Using orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMFs) to facilitate orchid proliferation is considered an effective method of orchid conservation. Based on the success of using in situ seedling baiting to obtain plant growth-promoting fungi in our previous study, in this study, we developed the method of using ex situ seedling baiting to capture seedling-associated fungi from Dendrobium officinale. We collected substrates (e.g., litters, barks and mosses) from six original habitats of D. officinale in different geographical locations in China, and then, transplanted in vitro-produced seedlings of D. officinale into the substrates. After cultivation for 75 days, it was obvious that fungi colonized the seedling roots and formed large numbers of pelotons in all six groups. From these seedling roots, a total of 251 fungal strains, which were divided into 16 OMF and 11 non-OMF species, were successfully isolated. The 16 OMFs included 13 Tulasnella and 3 Serendipitaceae species. The fungal species isolated from the different groups (original habitat sources) were not identical, but the dominant OMFs with high isolation frequencies (more than 10 times) were commonly isolated from more than four original sources. Among the 11 non-OMFs, Fusarium oxysporum TP-18 and Muscodor sp. TP-26 were the dominant endophytes. Fusarium oxysporum is a common endophyte associated with many orchid species, including D. officinale. The results suggest that ex situ seedling baiting is an easy and efficient approach to obtaining seedling-associated fungi for this species and could be performed for other over-collected species, especially orchids for which wild plants have disappeared in the field but their original habitats are known. This approach has great potential for application in OMF studies in the future.
Reframing national locality: religious minorities using history to transform local experience in Georgia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the Republic of Georgia, Baptists are marginalized minorities vis-à-vis the powerful Georgian Orthodox Church. In recent years, Baptists have adopted 'culturally relevant' reforms, incorporating Orthodox symbols and sensibilities into worship and administration. These reforms also include the deployment of a historical narrative identifying them as authentic members of the ostensibly Orthodox national community. Based on ethnographic fieldwork among Georgian Baptists, I investigate how they use history to constitute new frames for interpreting themselves as appropriate to local contexts. Revising their history has helped constitute a viable national identity by 'localizing' Baptist faith and experience in the Georgian Orthodox milieu.
Bilateral Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast; a Case Report of Benign Tumor on One Side and Malignant Tumor on the Contralateral Side

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Phyllodes tumors (PTs) of the breast are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms which may be benign, borderline or malignant. Malignant PTs tends to recur more frequently and has the potential to metastasize. Bilateral PT is a rare presentation of the disease.
Case presentation: We report a case of 34 years old female patient with bilateral breast PT, malignant on one side and benign on the contralateral one. First, she underwent lumpectomy for right breast benign PT which recurred six month later and underwent right mastectomy. One year later, she underwent excision of left breast borderline PT which recurred six months later. The recurrence was in the form of malignant PT for which she underwent mastectomy. Almost one year later, she developed right chest wall recurrence and was found to have bone, brain and lung metastases. She received one cycle of ifosfamide plus doxorubicin with no noticeable response after which she deteriorated rapidly and died few weeks later.
Discussion: Bilateral breast PT is very rare and its management represents a challenge in view of limited evidence.
Arabic journals' literature about Sinai : a bibliometric study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study deals with the topic of Sinai in literature in the Arabic language in Arab journals in the period from 1900 to 2012, in order to identify the objective and qualitative diversity of articles about Sinai, with the aim of revealing the areas of strength and weakness in this production in order to benefit from the strengths and work on the areas of weakness to strengthen them. The study relied on the descriptive analytical method for its suitability to this type of study. The paper collection of the literature of articles in Arabic about Sinai was done and a bibliography of this production was created, to facilitate dealing with it, by analyzing this production using paper measurement methods such as: Bradford’s Law of Dispersion. This production was distributed objectively, qualitatively, temporally, and geographically to study its growth and development. The study concluded with several results, including that the number of focal journals reached six magazines representing various subject areas, politics represented the basic objective orientation for half of the total of these journals, and that the decade of the seventies represented the most productive period in terms of the number Articles accounted for more than a quarter of the total production.