jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cocaine reward models: Conditioned place preference can be established in dopamine- and in serotonin-transporter knockout mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cocaine and methylphenidate block uptake by neuronal plasma membrane transporters for dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. Cocaine also blocks voltage-gated sodium channels, a property not shared by methylphenidate. Several lines of evidence have suggested that cocaine blockade of the dopamine transporter (DAT), perhaps with additional contributions from serotonin transporter (5-HTT) recognition, was key to its rewarding actions. We now report that knockout mice without DAT and mice without 5-HTT establish cocaine-conditioned place preferences. Each strain displays cocaine-conditioned place preference in this major mouse model for assessing drug reward, while methylphenidate-conditioned place preference is also maintained in DAT knockout mice. These results have substantial implications for understanding cocaine actions and for strategies to produce anticocaine medications.
Physiological actions of preservatives containing salicylic acid and benziond acid on cut Gerbera flower

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Effects of preservatives containing salicylic acid and benziod acid on physiological actions of cut Gerbera were studied. The result indicated: All preservatives could increase peroxidase activity and delay the decreasing of peroxidase activity, raise fresh weight, enlarge flower diameter and improve water balance. But, the effect of preservatives containing salicylic acid was better than that of one containing benziod acid.
Odorant Receptors and Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Odorant receptors (ORs) constitute the largest family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), with nearly 400 receptors identified in humans. The “omics” era has revealed an unexpected expression of ORs beyond olfactory tissues. For many decades these receptors were neglected from cancer research, largely due to the assumption that their expression in cancerous tissues was a background leakage, unrelated to conventional cancer pathways such as cell replication, differentiation, or DNA damage response. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data shows, however, that OR expression profiles are specific to each tumor type. This evidence supports that ORs may be related to tumor malignancy. In this review, we explore the extranasal expression of ORs in cancer and discuss the potential implications of their presence in cancerous tissues.
A three dimensional parametric mesher

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A parametric meshing technique is presented. Its distinctive feature relies on approximating the CAD geometry through a hierarchical process where information is gradually gathered. It leads to a robust and high quality mesh for CAD geometries. Emphasis is put on the use of three dimensional information. Limitations of parametric plane meshing is also highlighted. Zero and first order surface approximations are commented, and parametric mesh generation techniques are compared. In the context of the DOD CREATE-MG project, different CAD kernels and meshers communicate through application programming interfaces (API) as plugins. The parametric mesher is coupled to the CAD through the Capstone API’s and is independent of a particular CAD kernel. Numerous examples illustrate the method ’s capabilities.
A national survey on cancer pain management among medical oncologists in the Philippines.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e24071 Background: Pain is one of the most burdensome symptoms of cancer. Although cancer pain management is an integral component in the practice of oncology, many patients still complain of insufficient pain control. Therefore, there is a need to pursue and strengthen strategies on how to adequately and effectively manage cancer pain. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Filipino medical oncologists regarding cancer pain management. It also examined the practices and perceived barriers in managing cancer pain. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which utilized a validated questionnaire designed to assess a physician’s knowledge on pain management and opioid therapy, perceptions of the adequacy of cancer pain management, and significance of various potential barriers in optimal cancer pain management. Results: Out of the 280 PSMO members practicing in the Philippines, 85 responded to the survey. Using numeric rating scales of 0 to 10, medical oncologists appeared to agree on their knowledge about opioid therapy as well as in their perceptions of pain management. Respondents have rated themselves highly (Med: 8; IQR 6-8) in their ability to manage cancer pain. There were similar responses to ascribing all potential barriers as significant in rendering optimal cancer pain management, with cost as the most considerable factor (Med: 8, IQR: 7-10). However, given two challenging clinical scenarios, 66% and 90%, respectively endorsed treatment decisions that were unacceptable to pain experts. Conclusions: In this study, Filipino medical oncologists have shown agreement on their knowledge but perceived significant barriers in cancer pain management, with cost as the most considerable factor. Educational strategies, positive attitudinal change, and multidisciplinary collaboration with pain or palliative care specialists should be strengthened to improve patient care.
The Establishment of the Financial Network

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses the establishment of Scotland's financial services and their role in the growth of the Scottish economy, from the late seventeenth century to the eve of the First World War. No simple model can be constructed of the relationship between Scottish capital and investment, certainly by the railway boom of the 1840s, which saw the integration of capital markets throughout the UK and beyond into a single system. Moreover, Scottish financial institutions were often directed to investing overseas (with indirect effects on the Scottish economy in the form of cheaper imports of food and raw materials). Housing did not attract sufficient capital, but this was because most tenants were unable to pay rents for better accommodation. Scottish financial institutions became important actors in their own right, drawing in funds from outside Scotland as well as investing abroad, and generating white-collar employment.
Canada's Early Nuclear Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The advent of nuclear weapons introduced a complex new factor into world politics, drawing a line through history and ensuring that international relations would never be the same. By both accident and design, Canada was a central player in the new nuclear era, as countries grappled with the implications of this revolutionary new development. Canada's decision, unique among pioneer atomic powers, not to acquire a nuclear arsenal has been used to buttress widely differing political agendas, while the factors that shaped the policy-making process have been largely ignored.
Recent Production and Marketing Scenarios of Water Chestnut (Trapa spp.) in India: A Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Water chestnut (Trapa spp.) is an important annual, floated but rooted aquatic plant of temperate and tropical freshwater wetlands of India. The water chestnut is native to Europe, Asia and Africa and has been widely cultivated for a long time for food in Asia. It thrives best in nutrient-rich water with a pH range of 6.7 to 8.2. The plant Trapa spp. has also been recognized as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-microbial. The kernels of water chestnut act as a diuretic, aphrodisiac, nutrient, appetizer, astringent, coolant, anti-diarrheal and tonic. It is an excellent source of minerals such as K, Ca and Mg, as well as carbohydrates and protein. In the creation of mixed products, many food products derived from the chestnut kernel and its flour are used. The yield per hectare is approximately 4-4.5 tones of fresh fruit and 1-1.5 tones of dry nuts. As fresh, canned fruit, dry nuts and flour, it has a very promising market in India and internationally. Fresh fruits are extremely delicious. TSS values varied from 7.0 to 9.00B. It is a very lovely and low-cost nutritious food that has the potential to manipulate the food market by making available various water chestnut mix flour items that might play an essential role in addressing malnutrition in India. This study of enumerated areas, production and marketing potential may be of immense value and great interest to researchers and academicians.
The Challenges of Azerbaijani Transliteration on the Multilingual Internet

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Several scripts have been adopted so far in Azerbaijan in different periods. Literary manuscripts and political documents developed in each of the adopted scripts are of great importance and have to be transliterated for the next generation. However, adoption of different scripts and their frequent changes lead to the emergence and dissemination of various transliteration versions on the web. This article touches upon the challenges of Azerbaijani-English transliteration process in real life and online. In this regard, the significance and dominating status of the English language on the Internet and throughout the globe is explored. Adoption of a unique transliteration standard for Azerbaijani language may contribute to the solution to this problem. The standards for the transliteration of the Azerbaijani language with others are analyzed, and the inevitability of a new approach to Azerbaijani-English transliteration is emphasized. Moreover, the article underlines future contribution of the proposed transliteration system for machine translation system of Azerbaijani-English language pair.
Clinical Analysis of Recurrent Bell's Palsy in One University Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Bell’s palsy (BP) is the most common cause of unilateral lower motor facial palsy. Recurrent paralysis of the facial nerve is unusual and reported in only 7-8%. Methods: A total of 394 consecutive patients with acute BP patients were enrolled at Daegu Catholic University Hospital from July 2005 to September 2012. We classified the patients into two groups-single BP and recurrent BP-and compared them by patient characteristics, clinical features, MRI findings, electrophysiologic findings and prognosis. The degree of BP was graded according to the House and Brackmann facial nerve grading system. Results: Recurrent BP was observed in 31 (7.9%) patients. The number of recurrence was varied from 2 to 5. The recurrent BP (9.7%) had more incidence of family history and MRI enhancement than those of single BP (2.2%, p=0.047). The single BP (63.4%) had better recovery than recurrent BP (45.2%, p=0.045). Conclusions: The recurrent BP had more incidence of family history, MRI enhancement and poor prognosis than the single BP.
Finite element analysis and vibration control of the Substation Equipment Water Washing Robot with Hot-line

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The insulator strings in substation which are long time exposed in the outdoor environment are easily accumulation industrial and natural filth. So they need to be cleaned regularly to prevent the power outages and other incidents because of flashover phenomenon which occurs in the weather of rain and fog and other inclement weather. The substation equipment water washing robot with hot-line is employed in the substation to clean the insulator strings with the same method of artificial flushing. The theory of finite element analysis and modal analysis are based in this paper. The reliability and precision of robot's structural in the process of washing operation are ensured by stress distribution and deformation from the static analysis; The low order natural frequencies and mode shapes are carried out through modal analysis and a vibration control and optimization scheme is proposed to reduce the effects of vibration in the condition of the flushing operation, and the robot's stability can be improved.
Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of cold rolled structural steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of heat treatment process such as annealing, normalizing and hardening on the mechanical properties of special grade steel known as cold rolled structural steels.The cold rolled structural steels are the medium carbon steels widely employed for making engineering components such as springs, gears, boiler plates, nuts and bolts, bearings, crankshafts, axles, pistons, valves and many other components. Such steels are frequently subjected to thermal and mechanical treatments in order to develop desired mechanical properties. Structural steels consist of a larger number of steels and hence cannot be described under single heading. These steelsmay be subjected to annealing, normalizing& hardening treatments to alter the mechanical properties. Specimens were prepared for different tests as per the standards.The experimental results give idea about the mechanical response of the material to the heat treatment processes. Through this the role of heat treatment on mechanical properties of the experimental steel is established. The following research is an empirical study which means it is derived from experiment and observation rather than theory. In all the tests 5 trials are performed and the average of three consistent values is considered as result output.
Program Evaluation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The profession of educational and social program evaluation has expanded exponentially around the globe since the mid-1960s and continues to receive the considerable attention of theorists, methodologists, and practitioners. The literature on it is wide and deep, reflecting an array of definitions and conceptions of purpose and social role. The chapter discusses these topics and several others, including opinions about the choice of methods, some of which are used primarily within evaluation approaches to conducting evaluation; the aspects of programs that evaluators typically address; the concept of value; the differences between evaluation and social science research; research on evaluation topics; and the major evaluation issues and concerns that have dominated discussion in the literature over the years
OC-024 Prolonged Platelet Activation in Patients with Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) is a common reason for hospital admission and is associated with significant cardiovascular (CVS) morbidity and mortality. Patients who have aspirin withheld for 8 weeks following AUGIB have significantly higher rates of CVS events. 1 We previously demonstrated that patients with AUGIB have significantly higher levels of platelet activation during the index hospital admission. 2 This study aimed to assess the level of platelet activation and reactivity 12 weeks following admission for AUGIB. Methods Patients admitted to SWBH NHS Trust with AUGIB were recruited. Dyspeptic patients attending for diagnostic OGD were used as controls. To assess platelet activation citrated whole blood was incubated at room temperature with monoclonal mouse antibodies against constitutively expressed platelet marker CD42a-PerCP, and markers of platelet activation PAC1-FITC, and CD62P-APC. Incubation was terminated after 15 minutes. Samples were analysed using a FACSCalibur flow cytometer. Platelets were identified on the basis of their forward and side scatter properties and the presence of the CD42a platelet-specific marker. CD62P and PAC1 expression were measured by the percentage of platelets expressing these markers. Data are expressed as mean±SD for normally distributed parameters and median (interquartile range) for non-normally distributed parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 software. Results A total of 24 patients with AUGIB and 18 controls were recruited. Patients were age and gender matched. The mean age of the AUGIB group is 66.4 ± 18.2 years, and the control group 62.8 ± 6.1years. Significant differences were seen in all markers of platelet activation (table 1). Abstract OC-024 Table 1 Platelet activation at 12 weeks AUGIB Controls P-value CD62P % 16.77 (15.26–18.28) 12.95 ± 2.77 < 0.001 PAC1% 7.04 ± 3.67 3.98 ± 1.78 0.001 CD62P+PAC1+ % 1.33 (0.70–1.97) 0.73 (0.60–0.87) 0.003 Conclusion Patients presenting with AUGIB have prolonged levels of platelet activation for at least 12 weeks following the index event. This phenomenon may be further prolonged and further studies are required. This may explain the excess of CVS events in AUGIB patients. In patients with high cardiovascular risk early re-introduction of aspirin should be considered. Disclosure of Interest None Declared References Sung JJ, Lau JY, Ching JY, Wu JC, Lee YT, Chiu PW, Leung VK, Wong VW, Chan FK. Continuation of low-dose aspirin therapy in peptic ulcer bleeding: a randomised trial. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jan 5; 152(1):1–9. Disney BR, Watson R, Blann A, Lip G, Tselepis C, Anderson M. Platelet activation in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Gut 2012; 61 (Suppl 2): A361.
Biculturals, team facilitation and multicultural team performance: an information-processing perspective

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The literature on multicultural teams shows that the characteristics of its members are highly relevant for team performance. However, few studies focus on the influence of culture on supporting processes such as boundary-spanning activities. In this study, we test the impact of bicultural individuals on team facilitation activities and the relationship of these activities with team performance. Based on an information-processing theory, six research hypotheses are developed and tested using a sample of 137 bicultural and monocultural individuals. Partial least-squares (PLS) modelling reveals a significant positive association between biculturalism and team facilitating activities. The study also reveals a mediating effect of internal group processes and group cohesion on the relationship between team facilitation and team performance. An important managerial implication of this study is to consider selecting bicultural individuals when staffing multicultural teams. This is followed by further implications and limitations of the study.
PHYLOGENETIC (DENDROGRAM) ANALYSIS OF THREE INDIGENOUS BREEDS OF GOAT IN NORTHERN NIGERIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phylogenetic (Dendrogram) Analysis of three indigenous breeds of goat in northern Nigeria namely Red Sokoto, Borno White and West African Dwarf goats (40 animals each) were evaluated using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker. This study was conducted in three states of northern Nigeria namely Jigawa, Yobe and Nasarawa States. Ten RAPD markers were initially used for the analysis, 1 of the 10 markers was discarded based on the band pattern quality. The Laboratory analysis was conducted at the Molecular Laboratory, National Institute of Trypanosomiasis Research (NITR), Kaduna. Results were analyzed using GenALEX 6.5 software. Phylogenetic tree constructed using the boostrapped data and neighbor-joining method grouped all the three breeds into two clusters indicating an agreement with phenotypic similarities. The result indicated that West African dwarf goat is most genetically distant from Red Sokoto and Borno white. The information obtained indicates that these breeds are genetically different which provide a good background about the breeds for genetic improvement and conservation of our local goat breed in the feature. The present study suggests that RAPD-PCR can effectively be used to determine the Phylogenetic relationship among the goat breeds.
Sarah Schneewind. Shrines to Living Men in the Ming Political Cosmos.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Premortem or “living” shrines (shengci)—that is, sites established to honor and worship living men who had extraordinarily benefited certain locales—while not unique to Chinese civilization, have a recorded history in China stretching back to the advent of the Common Era, their incidence having increased from about the twelfth century onward. In Shrines to Living Men in the Ming Political Cosmos, Sarah Schneewind literally interrogates hundreds of records of these shrines from the Ming dynastic period (1368–1644) culled from 125 local histories (fangzhi) and about four dozen collections of literary writings, historical documents, and stele inscriptions. Amply citing the contributions of predecessors in this research—especially, C. K. Yang, Osabe Kazuo, and Ho Shu-yi—Schneewind takes us further by keenly querying the sponsorship, authorship, intentions, and possible meanings of such records for inquiry on the makeup of premodern Chinese local society, local-versus-central political interests, the ideational tension between the sovereignty of heaven (the emperor) and the sovereignty of the people, and religious beliefs about spiritual efficacy (ling) in service to the sociopolitical good.
A Computer Vision Sensor for Efficient Object Detection Under Varying Lighting Conditions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have attracted much attention in recent years due to their outstanding performance in image classification. However, changes in lighting conditions can corrupt image segmentation conducted by CNN, leading to false object detection. Even though this problem can be mitigated using a more extensive CNN training set, the immense computational and energy resources required to continuously run CNNs during always‐on applications, such as surveillance or self‐navigation, pose a serious challenge for battery‐reliant mobile systems. To tackle this longstanding problem, a vision sensor capable of autonomously correcting for sudden variations in light exposure, without invoking any complex object detection software, is proposed. Such video preprocessing is efficiently achieved using photovoltaic pixels tailored to be insensitive to specific ranges of light intensity alterations. In this way, the pixels behave similarly to neurons, wherein the execution of object detection software is only triggered when light intensities shift above a certain threshold value. This proof‐of‐concept device allows for efficient fault‐tolerant object detection to be implemented with reduced training data as well as minimal energy and computational costs and demonstrates how hardware engineering can complement software algorithms to improve the overall energy efficiency of computer vision.