jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nifedipine and Thallium-201 Myocardial Perfusion in Progressive Systemic Sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Heart disease in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis may be due in part to myocardial ischemia caused by a disturbance of the coronary microcirculation. To determine whether abnormalities of myocardial perfusion in this disorder are potentially reversible, we evaluated the effect of the coronary vasodilator nifedipine on myocardial perfusion assessed by thallium-201 scanning in 20 patients. Thallium-201 single-photon-emission computerized tomography was performed under control conditions and 90 minutes after 20 mg of oral nifedipine. The mean (+/- SD) number of left ventricular segments with perfusion defects decreased from 5.3 +/- 2.0 to 3.3 +/- 2.2 after nifedipine (P = 0.0003). Perfusion abnormalities were quantified by a perfusion score (0 to 2.0) assigned to each left ventricular segment and by a global perfusion score (0 to 18) for the entire left ventricle. The mean perfusion score in segments with resting defects increased from 0.97 +/- 0.24 to 1.26 +/- 0.44 after nifedipine (P less than 0.00001). The mean global perfusion score increased from 11.2 +/- 1.7 to 12.8 +/- 2.4 after nifedipine (P = 0.003). The global perfusion score increased by at least 2.0 in 10 patients and decreased by at least 2.0 in only 1. These observations reveal short-term improvement in thallium-201 myocardial perfusion with nifedipine in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. The results are consistent with a potentially reversible abnormality of coronary vasomotion in this disorder, but the long-term therapeutic effects of nifedipine remain to be determined.
Super-absorbent swellable polymer as grouting material for treatment of karst water inrush

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Grouting is the most commonly used method to control water inrush in underground engineering. Traditional cement-based materials are easy to dilute and hard to coagulate under the influence of large flow and high-velocity water inrush. To address these deficiencies, a new type of polymer grouting material with an excellent expansion ratio was synthesised. The material quickly absorbs water and has an expansion ratio of 1:300. The material is composed of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP), glycerol, and ethanol. The effects of water quality on the expansion ratio and expansion rate of the material were examined, and the best solid–liquid ratio for the slurry was determined by fluidity measurements. A karst specially designed pipeline water inrush test device showed that 800 g of SAP can achieve 0.6 m/s water flow blockage in the smooth pipeline, demonstrating that the ability of the SAP slurry to block water inrush is superior to those of other materials. This study provides a reference for water inrush plugging, and has important implications for the reduction and control of karst pipeline-type water inrush disasters, ensuring the safety of construction sites and preventing loss of life and damage to property.
Subcriticality Measurements for a Changing Concentration Uranyl Nitrate Solution Tank by Californium Source-Driven Noise Analysis

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Subcritical californium source-driven noise analysis (CSDNA) measurements were performed at the Oak Ridge Critical Experiments Facility in 1983 using a stainless-steel tank with an inside diameter of 76.2 cm and a height of 91.4 cm but only filled with a uranyl (93.16 wt.%<sup>235</sup>U) nitrate solution to a height of 76.2 cm for all measurements. The free acid content of the uranyl nitrate solution was less than 0.01 N to minimize hazards in handling. The total available highly enriched uranium for these measurements was 5,296 g. The concentration of the solution was varied from the highest density of 14.71 grams of uranium per liter (g U/L) initially in 16 steps, lowering the concentration to 0.3492 g U/L, and finally using a tank filled with only water. The tank had a Plexiglas lid to minimize evaporation. The Cf source was contained in a re-entrant Lexan tube which could be in the solution parallel to the axis of the cylindrical tank. The detectors were <sup>3</sup>He proportional counters in the solution in shrink-fit tubing to isolate the counters from the fissile solution and adjacent to the outside of the tank. In some cases, the detectors were scintillators adjacent to the outside of the tank. In other cases, the source was external to the tank. Some data presented in this report are from notes and are not in the logbook. The prompt neutron decay constant was obtained from fitting the date from the CSDNA measurements. The purpose of this report is to document the experimental information for the measurements performed so that later, researchers could perform the required uncertainty and calculational analyses and documentation to use these data for an International Nuclear Criticality Safety Benchmark Program (ICSBEP) or a Nuclear Energy Agency benchmark. The prompt neutron decay measurements could be the basis of as International Reactor Physic Benchmark Program. The data from these measurements are available from the Records Management Services Department of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the logbook is also available from the ICSBEP at Idaho National Laboratory. Preparation of the present report is part of a larger cooperative effort between Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to document more than 15 undocumented critical and subcritical experiments enumerated in ORNL/TM-2019/18 and performed by ORNL at ORCEF and other USDOE critical experiments facilities using more than 500 operational days of critical facility time.
Climate Change and Tourism Editorial

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Climate change is an issue that is not yet taken seriously enough by many tourism academics or the industry. The Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change concludes that the world's climate is changing and that the cause is most likely due to human activities over the past 200 years. While impacts forthe most part are yet to be felt, early signsare already evident in some areas. Tourism isboth a contributor to and a potential victim of climate change. Given the importance of this issue in the Asia Paciﬁc region it is timely for tourism researchers to commence a more rigorous program of research directed at assessing the potential effects on the tourism industry and developing strategies for dealing with its effects.
Tuning of Notch Filters for Controlling Chaos in a Chua's Circuit

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper explores the use of notch filters for the purpose of damping out chaotic oscillations. The design of the filter and the way it is interfaced to the system are investigated from a signal-processing point of view. A Chua's circuit, that has typical applications in synchronization and secure communications, is used to exemplify the suggested methodology where both theoretical and experimental results are provided. The power spectrum of the original system is analyzed to selectively damp-out portions of the power spectrum, thus truncating period-doubling, the original cause of chaos. Both single and double notch filters are explored to examine their effect on the performance of the modified system. Practical implementation's issues are addressed and advantages and limitations of the proposed method are highlighted.
What is the impact of covid-19 on the Tunisian supply chain? (Preprint)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

BACKGROUND

This article aims to provide rough orders of magnitude of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the functioning of Tunisian businesses. Based on a sample of 192 Tunisian companies, the results showed a sharp contraction in inactivity due to the disruption of the various links in the supply chain following the generalized confinement of the population and the closure of borders.

OBJECTIVE

: Overall, this study contributes both to the study of the effect of COVID-19 on the Supply Chain and to the implications of the literature in this area and has important practical implications.

METHODS

: We therefore sought to find out which links in the supply chain were the most impacted. To do this, the K-means offers the possibility of carrying out the analysis of variance (ANOVA).

RESULTS

The findings suggest that the analysis of the results makes it possible to detect the manifest existence of specific operating models.

CONCLUSIONS

: The study then shed light on the situation of the supply chain of companies. Four behavior patterns were detected. Maintaining a fluid and regular relationship with suppliers and customers has pushed companies to implement technological solutions to manage flows and maintain the relationship.

CLINICALTRIAL

The complexity of supply chains makes the development of commercial transactions fragile. This context offers, on another level, a multitude of opportunities for new structures and new business models. Post-COVID-19 is a major challenge for the national economic fabric. The crisis has encouraged the renewal of management methods. Working remotely and in collaborative mode, revising its processes, automating and securing them, making its information system agile and reliable… become the levers of operational excellence and a tremendous step forward.
Service Offshoring and Productivity: Evidence from the United States

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The practice of sourcing service inputs from overseas suppliers has been growing in response to new technologies that have made it possible to trade in some business and computing services that were previously considered non-tradable.This paper estimates the e?ects of o?shoring on productivity in US manufacturing industries between 1992 and 2000.It finds that service o?shoring has a significant positive e?ect on productivity in the US, accounting for around 10 percent of labor productivity growth during this period.O?shoring material inputs also has a positive e?ect on productivity, but the magnitude is smaller accounting for approximately 5 percent of productivity growth.
The opioid peptide dynorphin suppresses pituitary‐ovary axis in the tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The opioid peptides are involved in the regulation of neuroendocrine functions in vertebrates. Nonetheless, the influence of an opioid peptide, dynorphin A (DYN), on reproduction in fish is understudied. The aim of this work was to study the influence of DYN on the pituitary‐ovary axis in Oreochromis mossambicus . Daily injections (ip) of 250 μg DYN kg −1 body weight for 22 days during the ovarian cycle caused a reduction in the intensity and the per cent area of luteinizing hormone (LH) immunoreactive content in the proximal pars distalis region of the pituitary gland compared with an intense immunostaining in time‐matched controls. In the ovary, DYN treatment caused a decrease in the number of stage I (previtellogenic) follicles compared with time‐matched controls. No difference was observed in the number of stage IV (vitellogenic) follicles among different experimental groups, whereas the numbers of stage II and stage III follicles (previtellogenic) were higher in DYN‐treated fish than in time‐matched controls. Nonetheless, there was a reduction in the number of stage V (preovulatory) follicles in DYN‐treated fish compared with time‐matched controls. Taken together, these results indicate that DYN exerts an inhibitory effect on follicular recruitment at the late vitellogenic stage, through the suppression of LH secretion in fish.
Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) energy dependent scintillation response to fast neutrons and flash gamma-rays

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Gallium oxide is a newly emerged ultrawide bandgap (4.9 eV) semiconductor that is suitable as a combined electronics and radiation detection platform. We have experimentally demonstrated fast neutron and gamma-ray scintillation from Czochralski-grown β-Ga2O3 in a recent series (October 2023) of experiments at the unmoderated pulsed neutron spallation source located at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Using the neutron time-of-flight (TOF) technique and a fast-gated intensified CCD camera, we observed energy-dependent neutron scintillation for neutron energies ranging from 1 to 400 MeV, including the 14.1 MeV neutron energy relevant to D–T fusion. Neutron flux is quantified and calibrated by cascading the scintillator after the fission chamber, enabling a detailed analysis of temporal and energy-dependent characteristics of the scintillation events. A pronounced scintillation signal from the spallation gamma flash with a temporal full width of half maximum of ∼4 ns is indicative of the material’s rapid response. Neutron energy dependent scintillation is observed using the TOF method at a 22.6-m distance from the neutron source. These results highlight the possibility of developing a Ga2O3 based fusion neutron diagnostic platform integrated with both scintillation and electronics functions on the integrated chip scale.
Creating a science-rich environment for young children

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Children need to apply and communicate ideas, make decisions based on evidence, and collaborate with others to solve problems, activities that require a deep and interconnected understanding of the fundamental ideas underlying a problem. Therefore, in Estonia, science, or, more specifically, the environment surrounding a child, is placed at the centre of a curriculum for preschool institutions. This kind of learning can occur only in a science-rich environment. In this chapter, the environment of a total of 318 Estonian children were explored. The research indicates that there are signs of expected changes from nature-object-centred teaching to more process oriented teaching. The connection with the lives of the children and the inclusion of explanatory activities indicates the teachers' ability to follow a child's need for play and curiosity. Teachers also not only equip the environment properly, they give science rich meaning to surroundings. The kindergarten teachers' ability to react to the children's interest and follow the principles of science education helps create a solid foundation for science learning in future stages of education.
Electro-mechanical actuators for the navy's ships

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The goal is to strengthen the technology base for electro-mechanical actuators (EMAs) in order to more rapidly meet the future objective of removing hydraulic actuation systems from all Navy ship platforms. Recent development at The University of Texas at Austin suggests that a revolution in EMA technology is now feasible with a potential growth of the technology of 8 orders of magnitude over the two decades from 1990-2010. What is proposed is to create a duality between the widely accepted power electronic building block (PEBB) developed by ONR and a Standardized Actuator Building Block (SABB) as represented by the UT-Austin technology. Here, we outline a cohesive scientific effort to create advanced technology where the best materials, design, and operational choices are integrated in a balanced effort.
Tunable Parity-Time Symmetry Vortex Laser from Phase Change Material Based Microcavity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Traditional light sources cannot emit the electromagnetic (EM) field with orbital angular momentum (OAM), limiting their applications in modern optics. The recent development of the OAM laser, mainly based on micro- and nanostructures, can satisfy the increasing requirements for on-chip photonics and information capacities. Nevertheless, the static nature of constitutive parameters of photonics structure inherently forbids the attainment of a dynamically tunable OAM laser. Here, we propose a tunable vortex lasing from a micro-ring cavity integrated by a phase change material, Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST225). By modulating the complex refractive index to create an exceptional point (EP) to break the degeneracy of oppositely oriented whispering gallery modes, the micro-laser working at EP can impart an artificial angular momentum, thus emitting vortex beams with well-defined OAM. The grating scatter on the edge of the micro-ring can offer efficient vertical radiation. We find that the vortex laser wavelength from the GST225/InGaAsP dual-layered micro-ring cavity can be dynamically tuned by switching the state of GST225 between amorphous and crystalline while fixing the micro-ring geometry. An electric-thermal model is built to show a tuning range of operating wavelength (EP) from 1544.5 to 1565.9 nm in ~ 25 ns. Our exploration of high-speed tunable PT-symmetry vortex laser opens the door to the next generation of integrated optoelectronic devices for optical computing and communications in both classical and quantum regions.
The Crisis Team: A Handbook for the Mental Health Professional

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This is a curious and, in many ways, tantalizing, book. It is curious because, in one brief volume, the authors have attempted to write both a handbook for a mental health crisis team and an abbreviated and not very satisfactory basic textbook of psychiatry. It is tantalizing in that one gets only glimpses of how the crisis team operates, how its members are trained, and how they work together. The opportunities afforded for crisis intervention in a variety of psychiatric and psychophysical illnesses are well described. The history of the Yale-New Haven short-term inpatient unit and the decisions regarding the use of multiple roles by members of the team are interestingly developed and seem to have wide applicability. Particularly noteworthy is the amount of time and effort spent by the team on monitoring interactions among team members as they relate to contacts with the patient and those in his surroundings.
Year-round colony attendance patterns for the Gentoo Penguin ( Pygoscelis papua ) at Martillo Island, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Long-term monitoring of seabird breeding cycles and breeding success is essential for conservation and a valuable indicator of ecological change, but is logistically expensive and time consuming. We describe the annual cycle and year-round colony attendance patterns for Gentoo Penguins Pygoscelis papua at Martillo Island, Beagle Channel, by analyzing camera trap photographs. We deployed a Reconyx HC500 Hyperfire trail camera programmed in time-lapse mode to take single pictures once per hour year-round (27 Feb 2013 until 27 Feb 2014). The nonreproductive stage began 23 April 2013 when adults completed molt and ended 24 September 2013 when the first pair formation was observed. In general Gentoos Penguins performed daily trips, and the number of adults present at 1900 h ART was not significantly different at any stage except the late chick-rearing and premolt stages. Breeding success was 0.92 chicks per nest. Small variations in day length had a significant influence on penguin's trip duration during the nonreproductive stage. The method proved to be effective for monitoring this species and provided important data for management and conservation.
Design and Experimental Testing of a 1.9MWth Calcium Looping Pilot Plant

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Calcium looping (CaL) CO2 capture process using calcium oxide as a regenerable solid sorbent has been under development at the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) of Taiwan for several years. At 2013, the 1.9MWth pilot plant has been fully constructed, and the trial runs have been progressed for almost one year. The CO2 was captured by CaO from the flue gas of the cement plant in a bubbling fluidized-bed carbonator while diesel oil oxy-combustion in the rotary kiln provides the heat required to regenerate the sorbent. The start-up progress of carbonator does not use pre-heating system, but take advantage of heat dissipated by the hot sorbent form the calciner. The flow rate of the flue gas from the stack of the cement plant was 3400 Nm3/h with the CO2 concentration higher than 15 vol%. The test results showed the CO2 capture efficiency higher than 85% for 7 hours and the CO2 concentration of the outlet gas was under 2%. The accumulated time of unit operation test in this pilot plant is more than 600 hours, and that for the fully-continuous looping test is more than 300 hours, respectively. The CO2 capture rate higher than 1 t/h was obtained, which reached the design point of this pilot plant. It is considered as an important milestone for the future construction of a 30 MWth demonstration plant.
Secondary PGCE PE students’ perceptions of their subject knowledge

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

PE teachers in England are required to teach a wide range of physical activities in order to fulfil the requirements of the National Curriculum for Physical Education (NCPE). The content or subject knowledge necessary to teach all areas of activity in the NCPE is acknowledged as important, both in its own right and as giving students confidence and accuracy for subject application. Subject knowledge is identified as one of the standards for the award of qualified teacher status on completion of an initial teacher education course in England. However, students entering secondary Post-Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) PE courses bring with them a variety of experiences, qualifications and subject knowledge to teach the areas of activity in the NCPE. Most students have a sports-related degree. However, such degrees may not include subject knowledge appropriate to teach all six areas of activity in the NCPE. Students, therefore, are required to gain subject knowledge on their one year PGCE course. The purpose of this study was to look at secondary PGCE PE students’ perceptions of amount of subject knowledge in the six areas of activity that comprise the NCPE. \n \nTwenty-seven students completed a questionnaire at the beginning of each of the second and third terms of their course (January and April). The questionnaire included a question about knowledge in the six areas of activity in the NCPE and in specific Games taught in many schools in England. Results suggested that there were differences in students’ perceptions of amount of subject knowledge. The highest percentage of students perceived good subject knowledge in traditional team Games. The highest percentage of students perceived little subject knowledge in Outdoor and Adventurous Activities (OAA) and Dance. There were significant differences between male and female students’ perceptions of knowledge in OAA, Swimming, Football, Netball and Rounders. There were also significant differences in students’ perceptions of knowledge in Dance, Gymnastics, OAA and Volleyball between the beginning of the second and third terms. \n \nImplications of the results are considered in relation to: (i) experiences which students require on PGCE courses to develop subject knowledge; (ii) selection procedures for secondary PGCE PE courses; and (iii) preparation of students for secondary PGCE PE courses on sports-related degree courses.
Contact Problem For Thin Biphasic Cartilage Layers: Perturbation Solution

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A three-dimensional unilateral contact problem for articular cartilage layers is considered in the framework of the biphasic cartilage model. The articular cartilages bonded to subchondral bones are modelled as biphasic materials consisting of a solid phase and a fluid phase. It is assumed that the subchondral bones are rigid and shaped close to an elliptic paraboloid. The obtained analytical solution is valid over long time periods and can be used for increasing loading conditions.