jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Extended-POD based acoustic analysis of separated aerofoils via simultaneous time-resolved PIV and force measurements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present a cross-correlation based analysis of the acoustic field generated in the wake of NACA 0012 and NACA 65410 aerofoils at a chord-based Reynolds number Rec = 75000 as obtained from pressure fields reconstructed from a series of planar time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiments. The experiments are performed in a water channel facility located at the University of Southampton with an overhead carriage system to allow precise control of the angle of attack α of the aerofoils as well as to mount them to a six-axis force/torque transducer to allow for simultaneous load measurements. Angles of attack in the range 4◦ < α < 17◦ are explored corresponding to a range of conditions from zero flow separation to fully stalled.
Prognostic significance of volume-based 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters and correlation with PD-L1 expression in patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze 18 F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET/CT) metabolic variables, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) tumor expression, and other factors as predictors of disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (stage IA–IIIA) who underwent surgical resection. We still lack predictor of immune checkpoint (programmed cell death-1 [PD-1]/PD-L1) inhibitors. Herein, we investigated the correlation between metabolic parameters from 18 F-FDG PET/CT and PD-L1 expression in patients with surgically resected LUAD. Seventy-four patients who underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT prior to treatment were consecutively enrolled. The main 18 F-FDG PET/CT-derived variables were primary tumor maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). Surgical tumor specimens were analyzed for PD-L1 and p-STAT3 expression using immunohistochemistry. Correlations between immunohistochemistry results and 18 F-FDG PET/CT-derived variables were compared. Associations of PD-L1 and p-STAT3 tumor expression, 18 F-FDG PET/CT-derived variables, and other factors with DFS in resected LUAD were evaluated. All tumors were FDG-avid. The cutoff values of low and high SUVmax, MTV, and TLG were 12.60, 14.87, and 90.85, respectively. The results indicated that TNM stage, PD-L1 positivity, and high 18 F-FDG PET/CT metabolic volume parameters (TLG ≥90.85 or MTV ≥14.87) were independent predictors of worse DFS in resected LUAD. No 18 F-FDG metabolic parameters associated with PD-L1 expression were observed (chi-square test), but we found that patients with positive PD-L1 expression have significantly higher SUVmax ( P = .01), MTV ( P = .00), and TLG ( P = .00) than patients with negative PD-L1 expression. 18 F-FDG PET/CT metabolic volume parameters (TLG ≥90.85 or MTV ≥14.87) were more helpful in prognostication than the conventional parameter (SUVmax), PD-L1 expression was an independent predictor of DFS in patients with resected LUAD. Metabolic parameters on 18 F-FDG PET/CT have a potential role for 18 F-FDG PET/CT in selecting candidate LUAD for treatment with checkpoint inhibitors.
Identification of Cinnamein, a Component of Balsam of Tolu/Peru, as a New Ligand of PPARα for Plaque Reduction and Memory Protection in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Despite intense investigations, no effective treatment is yet available to reduce plaques and protect memory and learning in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Therefore, it is important to identify a non-toxic, but effective, treatment option for AD. Objective: Cinnamein, a nontoxic compound, is naturally available in Balsam of Peru and Tolu Balsam. We examined whether cinnamein treatment could decrease plaques and improve cognitive functions in 5XFAD mouse model of AD. Methods: We employed in silico analysis, time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer assay, thermal shift assay, primary neuron isolation, western blot, immunostaining, immunohistochemistry, Barnes maze, T maze, and open field behavior. Results: Oral administration of cinnamein led to significant reduction in amyloid-β plaque deposits in the brain and protection of spatial learning and memory in 5XFAD mice. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a nuclear hormone receptor, is involved in plaque lowering and increase in hippocampal plasticity. While investigating underlying mechanisms, we found that cinnamein served as a ligand of PPARα. Accordingly, oral cinnamein upregulated the level of PPARα, but not PPARβ, in the hippocampus, and remained unable to decrease plaques from the hippocampus and improve memory and learning in 5XFAD mice lacking PPARα. While A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) is one of the drivers of nonamyloidogenic pathway, transcription factor EB (TFEB) is considered as the master regulator of autophagy. Cinnamein treatment was found to upregulate both ADAM10 and TFEB in the brain of 5XFAD mice via PPARα. Conclusions: Our results suggest that this balsam component may have therapeutic importance in AD.
Infliximab treatment for resistant Achilles tendonitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Undifferentiated spondyloarthropathies USPA can sometimes be refractory to usual disease modifying agents. Anti-tumor necrosis factor TNF-alpha agents have been shown to be effective in spondyloarthropathies. Few articles described the efficacy of TNF-alpha antagonists in USPA. Our patient had refractory Achilles tendonitis as an early manifestation of USPA which responded dramatically to infliximab treatment.
Design and Realization of Virtual Scene System in UAV Electronic Warfare

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In view of the actual requirement of UAV electronic warfare and the use of virtual reality technology and visualization technology, we establish a platform for virtual simulation system and analyze the main functions of various modules including the data link simulation, electromagnetic simulation environment, and tactical simulation exercise in the system. And then we expatiate the methods and steps to implement the system, and introduce the methods that using the OpenGL functions to implement the visual mapping of electromagnetic signal. In the end, it implements the system functions by programming.
Target classification approach based on the belief function theory

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A theoretical framework is presented for target classification based on the belief theory on the continuous space. The proposed approach is applicable when class-conditioned densities of feature/attribute measurements are known only partially, as subjective models of a potential "betting" behaviour. Prior class probabilities may also be unknown. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate how the proposed approach is more cautious in decision making and produces very different results from those obtained using the Bayesian classifier. © 2005 IEEE.
Observation of weak superconductivity in electrons localized on a film surface

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have observed anomalous abrupt resistance changes in thick vanadium films [d≫ξ(T)]. We have also observed a number of anomalies in the H–T phase diagrams for these films; these anomalies are most clearly seen when the field is parallel to, or at low angles of incidence with respect to, the film surface. We explain our results by assuming that there are two different electron systems present in the film. One of them is composed of electrons localized near a natural planar defect, the film surface. This subsystem is characterized by extremely small values of the critical current.
The Effects of Chronic Exercise on Chronotropic and Inotropic Responses of Isolated Rat Atria to Nicotine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into either a control group or one of three training regimens. Rats were conditioned by either motorized wheel running (Group I), a combination of running and forced swimming (Group II) and forced swimming only (Group III). The training consisted of two sixty minute sessions per day, seven days a week for six to eight weeks. At the conclusion of the exercise program the atria were removed and placed in a Krebs-Henseleit solution (pH of 7.2±.01) continuously oxygenated with 95% O_2 and 5% CO_2 and maintained at a temperature of 34.0±°C. The chronotropic and inotropic responses of the isolated atria to acetylcholine (1 x 10-6M, 1 x 10-7M) and nicotine (1 x 10-4M, 1 x 10-5M, 1 x 10-6M) was evaluated. Group II and Group III displayed a significant increase in mean ventricular and mean total heart weights. All exercised rats (Groups I, II and III) were compared to control rats with respect to isolated atrial rates. Exercised rat atria beat at a significantly slower rate. The mean body weight of group I and group II were significantly greater than their control counterparts at the termination of their exercise program. The atria of exercised rats were significantly less sensitive to acetylcholine and nicotine when chronotropic and inotropic responses were evaluated. The results suggest that exercise induced the atria to become less sensitive to acetylcholine both at the muscarinic (effector cell) and the nicotinic (postganglionic) receptor sites, presumably as a result of increased vagal impulse traffic.
African Swine Fever Virus Bearing an I226R Gene Deletion Elicits Robust Immunity in Pigs to African Swine Fever

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

African swine fever (ASF) is a severe hemorrhagic infectious disease in pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), leading to devastating economic losses in epidemic regions. Its control currently depends on thorough culling and clearance of the diseased and surrounding suspected pigs. An ASF vaccine has been extensively explored for years worldwide, especially in hog-intensive areas where it is highly desired, but it is still unavailable for numerous reasons. Here, we report another ASF vaccine candidate, named SY18ΔI226R, bearing a deletion of the I226R gene with a replacement of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression cassette at the right end of the viral genome. This deletion results in the complete loss of virulence of SY18 as the gene-deleted strain does not cause any clinical symptoms in all pigs inoculated with a dosage of either 104.0 or 107.0 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50). Apparent viremia with a gradual decline was monitored, while virus shedding was detected only occasionally in oral or anal swabs. ASFV-specific antibody appeared at 9 days postinoculation. After intramuscular challenge with its parental strain ASFV SY18 at 21 days postinoculation, all the challenged pigs survived, without obvious febrile or abnormal clinical signs. No viral DNA could be detected upon the dissection of any tissue when viremia disappeared. These results indicated that SY18ΔI226R is safe in swine and elicits robust immunity to virulent ASFV infection. IMPORTANCE Outbreaks of African swine fever have resulted in devastating losses to the swine industry worldwide, but there is currently no commercial vaccine available. Although several vaccine candidates have been reported, none has been approved for use for several reasons, especially ones concerning biosafety. Here, we identified a new undescribed functional gene, I226R. When deleted from the ASFV genome, the virus completely loses its virulence in swine. Importantly, pigs infected with this gene-deleted virus were resistant to infection by intramuscular challenge with 102.5 or 104.0 TCID50 of its virulent parental virus. Furthermore, the nucleic acid of the gene-deleted virus and its virulent parental virus was rarely detected from oral or anal swabs. Viruses could not be detected in any tissues after necropsy when viremia became negative, indicating that robust immunity was achieved. Therefore, SY18ΔI226R is a novel, ideal, and efficacious vaccine candidate for genotype II ASF.
Global law will be Responsive Law, at least with regard to Cyberspace

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Multilevel global law is defying formal hierarchy in favour of a qualitative and responsive approach. As the cases of Solange and Kadi indicate, Courts may start giving priority to the legal order that better protects the values at stake. In law making, global law may be more and more responsive. Gone are the days of executives crafting ready-made treaties and bullying ratification back home; communities will react and force lawmakers to adjust and consult. The spectacular fiasco of Acta is a good example. The ACTA case, however, also instils the doubt whether this ‘responsiveness’ will be a general feature of global law or only of global information society law (cyberspace). Referring to the work of Andrew Murray on internet regulation and his discussion of failed enforcement against Wikileaks, one cannot but be prudent. The specific features of the internet make cyberspace another space than regular space. However, it is perhaps not to bold a pick to hold that the mechanism of responsiveness is, in due time and in some unexpected ways, to become a general characteristic of all law.
Annular Detachment of the Cervix

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

to relative hypoglycaemia (normal ratio) and one due to glycolysis (lowered ratio) as occurs in tuberculous meningitis.We have found here that exceptions do occasionally occur: we have seen a normal ratio in tuberculous meningitis with a normal C.S.F.sugar, and we have further seen cases of aseptic meningitis with lowered ratios, C.S.F.-sugar levels being either normal or reduced.We accept the view of Miller et al.2 that a normal C.S.F.sugar must never be used as a major argument against a diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis, and consider that the im- portance of finding a low C.S.F.sugar in non-pyogenic meningitis is that it should prompt a thorough search of the C.S.F. for the tubercle bacillus, the identification of which is, after all, the only unequivocal evidence of tuberculous infection of the meninges.Failure to find the organism by direct examination should not delay the in- ception of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy (not intrathecally initially) in any case where the clinical suspicion of tuberculous meningitis is high.-Weare, etc.,
Multi-Threshold Asynchronous Circuit Design for Ultra-Low Power

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an ultra-low power circuit design methodology which combines the Multi-Threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) technique with quasi delay-insensitive (QDI) asynchronous logic, in order to solve the three major problems of synchronous MTCMOS circuits: (1) Sleep signal generation, (2) storage element data loss during sleep mode, and (3) sleep transistor sizing. In contrast to most power reduction methods that result in area overhead, the QDI asynchronous MTCMOS circuits are usually smaller than their original versions. Moreover, QDI circuits utilize handshaking protocols instead of clocks for circuit control, resulting in flexible timing requirements, which yields increased circuit robustness and allows for extreme supply voltage scaling to subthreshold region for further power reduction, without requiring any circuit modifications. This QDI asynchronous MTCMOS methodology is used to design a 4-stage pipelined 8-bit x 8-bit unsigned multiplier, which is then compared against the original QDI design (i.e., without incorporating MTCMOS) and its synchronous version. All designs use the IBM 8RF-DM 0.13 μm process. Results show 150x and 1.8x leakage power and active energy reductions on average in the QDI asynchronous MTCMOS design compared to the original QDI version, respectively.
Soviet Progress in the Design of Fault-Tolerant Digital Machines

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper is a survey of the open Soviet literature in the technical areas relevant to the design of complex digital systems that must exhibit a high degree of reliability. Particular emphasis is on the various techniques for the constructive application of redundancy in order to achieve the reliability necessary for the successful realization of machines of high computational power and high availability. Overall conclusions are drawn regarding the nature and significance of Soviet activities in these fields. The rather extensive bibliography upon which these observations are based is included as a stimulus and aid in further research and inquiry into the results already available in these technical areas.
Relational cognition complexity and relational communication in personal relationships

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This investigation examined the influence of individual differences in relational cognition complexity on patterns of relational communication in personal relationships. Relational cognition complexity of members of married couples was assessed via the Relational Cognition Complexity Instrument (RCCI). Couples discussed topics which were salient and non‐salient for their relationship and the recorded conversations were transcribed and reliably coded utilizing the Relational Communication Coding Scheme. RCCI scores were not related to the relative distribution of an individual partner's dominant, submissive and neutral relational communication moves. The male partner's RCCI score was moderately positively related to the couple's transactional redundancy, especially during discussions of salient topics. Couples with a male partner scoring relatively high on the RCCI were characterized by greater mutual expression of support and lower mutual expression of non‐support, when compared to couples with a male scoring low on the RCCI. The relationship between male partner RCCI scores and couple transactional redundancy was due largely to a relationship between male RCCI scores and the level of redundancy in the male's own pattern of responses to partner's behavior.
LHD Langmuir4 #150089.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Langmuir probes on divertor plates to investigate divertor plasma parameters and fluctuation characteristics of ion flux near the divertor plates. Total 400 Langmuir probes embedded on 20 divertor plates on each of which 20 electrodes are aligned every 6 mm. Sweeping and sampling frequency is normally 250 kHz.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor as predictor of early-onset poststroke depression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Poststroke depression (PSD), with an approximately one third prevalence in stroke patients, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the relationship between serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and early-onset PSD, along with other clinical variables. Methods Clinical data and radiological images of 88 patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke were examined. Serum BDNF levels were measured within the first 72 hours following stroke diagnosis. On the 14th day following stroke diagnosis, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD17), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were administered to the patients. Results Serum BDNF levels ( P = 0.022) and MoCA values ( P = 0.004) of patients with early-onset PSD were significantly lower, and NIHSS values ( P = 0.027) were significantly higher compared to patients without early-onset PSD. There was a significantly negative correlation between BDNF value and HAMD-17 score. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to investigate the extent that BDNF level could predict early-onset PSD, and cut-off values were determined. For a BDNF cut-off value of 361.5, sensitivity and specificity values were 75% and 56%, respectively, indicating that serum BDNF levels could serve as a useful predictor of early-onset PSD. Conclusion Lower serum BDNF levels are associated with early-onset PSD and may serve as a potential biomarker, although causal conclusions are limited due to the study's cross-sectional design.
Anatomical variations of the lumbar plexus in fetus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The lumbar plexus is formed within the psoas major muscle and is one of the main nervous pathways supplying the lower limb. Although we came across literature concerning the variations in lumbar plexus in adults, there is dearth of the same in foetuses. Aim of the study was to study the variations in lumbar plexus in foetus. The study was done bilaterally in 25 formalin-fixed fetuses (10 females, 15 males), age ranging from 20 to 37 weeks of gestation. The formation of lumbar plexus and their branching pattern were observed. The findings were noted and tabulated. Multiple variations were observed in the formation and branching pattern of lumbar plexus. Anatomical variations found in the present case may be injured during certain surgical procedures in infants and children, particularly in the lower abdominal region, e.g. appendectomy, inguinal hernia repair, iliac crest bone graft harvesting etc. As a consequence to such operations, several clinical conditions may be encountered such as meralgia paresthetica, groin pain and testicular pain in which the lateral femoral cutaneous, ilioinguinal and the genitofemoral nerves are mostly involved. Thus, awareness about the regional anatomy and its variations is essential for preventing intra-operative complications.
A comparison of relational practices in additive manufacturing multipartner alliances in France and the UK

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Drawing on literature and two case studies of Multipartner Alliances for 3D printing in France and the UK, we investigate how actors interact in inter-organizational multipartner cooperation contexts. We highlight a specific multipartner relational practice which is needed besides the usual integrative and distributive relational practices (i.e. value creation and value capture rationales). This multipartner relational practice is composed of three governance mechanisms: community, interpreneurship and sub-groups, and of one negotiation strategy: consensus reaching. Both MPAs evolved following a common pattern: during the initiation phase, interactions mainly rely on community and interpreneurship governance mechanisms with a problem solving-negotiation strategy. During the strategizing phase, the MPAs are governed by sub-group and interpreneurship, with a consensus-based negotiation. For implementation, a sub-group and price based relational practice operate.