jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Critical Shear Crack Theory for punching design: from a mechanical model to closed-form design expressions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Critical Shear Crack Theory (CSCT) is a consistent approach used for shear design of one- and two-way slabs failing in shear and punching shear respectively. The theory is based on a mechanical model allowing to determine the amount of shear force that can be carried by cracked concrete accounting for the opening and roughness of a critical shear crack leading to failure. The theory was first developed for punching design of slab-column connections without shear reinforcement. Its principles were later extended to other cases such as slabs with shear reinforcement, fibre-reinforced concrete or slabs strengthened with CFRP strips and one-way slabs without shear reinforcement. The generality, accuracy and ease-of-use of this theory led to its implementation into design codes (such as the fib Model Code 2010 or the Swiss Code for concrete structures). The design expressions of the CSCT consist of a failure criterion and a load-deformation relationship, whose intersection defines the load and the deformation capacity at punching failure. They are clear and physically understandable, and can be written in a compact manner to be used for design of new structures. With respect to the assessment of the maximum punching capacity, the conventional design expressions of the CSCT can also be used, although they required to be solved iteratively. In order to enhance the usability of the design equations of the CSCT, particularly for the punching assessment of existing structures, this paper presents closed-form design expressions developed within the frame of the CSCT. These expressions allow for direct design and assessment of the failure load. The closed-form expressions keep the generality and advantages of the CSCT approach, but they allow for a faster and more convenient use in practice. In this paper, the derivation of these expressions on the basis of the CSCT principles is presented as well as its benefits and comparison to experimental results and the original design formulation.
Calcium transients during early development in single starfish (Asterias forbesi) oocytes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Maturation and fertilization of the starfish oocyte are putative calcium-dependent events. We have investigated the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of this calcium dependence in single oocytes of Asterias forbesi. We used the calcium photoprotein, aequorin, in conjunction with a microscope-photomultiplier and microscope-image intensifier. Surprisingly, in contrast to earlier work with Marasthenias glacialis, there is no detectable increase in intracellular-free calcium in the oocyte of A. forbesi in response to the maturation hormone 1-methyl adenine. During fertilization of the same, matured, A. forbesi oocyte there is a large increase in intracellular-free calcium. The calcium concentration increases to approximately 1 microM at the point of insemination and the region of elevated free calcium expands across the oocyte in approximately 20 s (17-19 degrees C). After the entire oocyte reaches an elevated concentration of free calcium, the concentration decreases uniformly throughout the oocyte over the next several minutes.
Review of freight high speed railway (HSR)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The e-commerce market is gaining popularity globally every year. This market also entails the need to deliver the purchased goods at a time that is affordable for the user. One of the solutions is the use of High Speed Railway (HSR) for freight purposes, which is characterized by a relatively low rate of environmental nuisance. Based on the latest available market data and a literature review, an extensive review of the use of HSR, including for cargo transport, has been performed. The article presents an analysis of the demand for express freight transport. The potential and the demand for freight HSR have been demonstrated. The activities and analysis concerning the use of HSR for freight transport were described. Rail freight transport in Poland, Europe and China are characterized. Data on the use of the HSR infrastructure in the world are presented. HSR vehicles use for the transport of goods were presented. The potential and possibilities of using freight HSR in Europe were described. Based on the data, the use of this type of transport seems justified for LDHV shipments when the delivery time is crucial for the user and when the railway infrastructure and rolling stock are properly adapted.
FILM REVIEWS: THE I.C.I. ANAESTHESIA SERIES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article FILM REVIEWS: THE I.C.I. ANAESTHESIA SERIES Get access THE CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION TECHNIQUEfor review see BMB 728/1 INTRAVENOUS ANAESTHESIA (Parts 1 & 2)For review see BMB 774/6 SPINAL ANAESTHESIAFor review seeM BMB 774/7 RESPIRATORY AND CARDIAC ARRESTFor review see BMB 728/2 A. F.-C. A. F.-C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 4, Issue 2, 1946, Page 154, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072712 Published: 01 January 1946
ChemInform Abstract: Chromium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Enyne Metathesis.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Impact of Global Residential Real Estate on Portfolio Diversification

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to examine the benefits of international diversification in residential real estate markets during various market conditions from 1999 through 2018. Most previous studies used real estate investment trusts (REITs) indexes to proxy for real estate returns, while our research is focused on residential real estate indexes provided by Dallas Federal Reserve Bank. In addition, we expand our study to 23 countries, while previous research was limited to 5 to 10 countries. We find lower correlation between US stocks and global real estate indexes. Further analysis indicates that adding international real estate to a US stock portfolio is beneficial in reducing portfolio risk, and this diversification benefit is consistent over time. Our results will assist portfolio managers and long-term investors in keeping a consistent return at a lower risk.
Fate and Transport of Landfill Contaminants, Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek, Virginia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek is located on the southern shore of the Chesapeake Bay in southeastern Virginia. Originating from this country's preparations for World War II, the base lies at the northwest corner of the city of Virginia Beach, bordering Norfolk. Little Creek was expanded and modernized during the years of the Vietnam War to support littoral and river operations. Because of the changing role of this nation and its Armed Forces in world affairs the importance of amphibious and littoral naval operations is once again increasing in importance. To continue to provide shore based logistical support to the fleet forces and minimize any potential threats to the environment, U.S. naval installations must identify, investigate and remediate, if necessary, areas which have been contaminated by hazardous substances from past storage, handling or disposal practices. The Naval Amphibious Base Landfill (Site 7) which operated from 1962 until 1979, falls within this category. During these years it was used as the primary disposal site for wastes generated by base operations.
Designing rich numeracy tasks

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Australia, numeracy is regarded as a general capability to be developed across the whole school curriculum, not just mathematics. This paper draws on a research study that aimed to help teachers in ten schools design numeracy tasks and implement investigative numeracy pedagogies across the middle school (Grades 6-9) curriculum. Teachers were introduced to a rich model of numeracy that gives attention to real-life contexts, application of mathematical knowledge, use of representational, physical, and digital tools, and positive dispositions towards mathematics. These elements are grounded in a critical orientation to the use of mathematics. The paper identifies ways in which collaboration between the researchers and teachers influenced the design of numeracy tasks.
Comparison of polarization at two lunar eclipse events

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present the results of imaging polarimetry of the eclipsed Moon on 2014 October 8. The observed polarization degree was less than 1% in both the V and R bands, which contrasts with the reported 2%–3% polarization during the eclipse of 2015 April 4. We examined the Earth’s atmospheric data on the two dates and found that the high (≥7 km) cloud distribution was more inhomogeneous for the 2015 eclipse than it was for the 2014 eclipse. The polarization position angle observed during the 2015 eclipse can be explained if the major polarizing source was high clouds with an intermediate horizontal optical thickness. We suggest a possible dependence of the lunar eclipse polarization on the Earth’s high cloud distribution.
The action of certain chemical substances on the zoospores ofPseudoperonospora Humuli(Miy. et Takah.) Wils

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. Both Pseudoperonospora Humuli and Phytophihora infestans are extremely susceptible in the zoospore stage to the action of weak solutions of soap or saponin. The zoospores are caused to disintegrate suddenly, apparently by changes in surface tension, within 60 seconds, in solutions containing over 0·1 per cent, soft soap. Those of P. Humuli are more vulnerable than those of P. infestans . 2. The fungicidal action of soap and saponin mixed with certain adherent substances was tested on hop plants. 3. The power of adhesion and the fungicidal efficiency of the mixtures were tested by allowing single drops to dry on the surface of watch glasses and by then adding drops of water containing zoospores. 4. Other substances, e.g. aluminium-lime mixture, glycerine, iodine, bromine, were also found to kill zoospores rapidly.
A Long-Term Survivor of Sigmoid Colon Adenocarcinoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation Who Received CPT-11+CDDP Therapy Following Non-curative Resection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は61歳の男性で，下部消化管内視鏡検査でS状結腸に2型腫瘍を指摘され，術前生検では中分化腺癌であった．術前造影CTにて腎静脈下縁尾側のNo216リンパ節転移陽性と診断した．肝硬変を併存しており根治手術は困難と判断し，ハルトマン手術，D2郭清，根治度C（遺残病変はNo216リンパ節のみ）を施行．病理組織学的検査において，原発巣および転移リンパ節にはそれぞれ腺癌細胞と約20%，約30%の内分泌細胞癌成分の混在を認めた．遺残病変に対し，肺小細胞癌に準じてCPT-11＋CDDP療法を施行した．2コース終了後にNo216リンパ節腫大は著明に縮小し，その後4コース追加し化学療法を中止，以後経過観察のみを行っている．化学療法終了後4年6か月間Complete Responseを維持しており，術後5年1か月現在生存中である．
When the Job is Done: Exhaustion or Elation? A Pilot Study on the Effects of Cognitive and Physical Effort on the Behavior of Minipigs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Long-term affective states such as mood may best reflect the welfare of an animal. They are likely to depend on how the animal assesses the outcomes of its own behavioral actions. These post-consummatory states are often of low arousal and, accordingly, difficult to observe. Here, we investigated whether the behavior of minipigs shown during the hour following an experimental session differed between a cognitive and physical task. We assumed that differences would allow us to see how the animals assessed the tasks after completing them. The minipigs increased resting, feeding, and drinking behavior after the physical task compared to the cognitive task, indicating the need to make up for energy spent. In addition, foraging was reduced after the cognitive task compared with a control day, whereas non-food-related exploration remained on a similar level. This change in behavior might be interpreted as "leisure." Overall, the approach used seems promising to assess how much an animal likes the outcome of its behavior. These situations in turn cumulatively make up longer-term mood states and are, correspondingly, relevant for the long-term welfare state of animals.
Nano TiO2 Imparting Multifunctional Performance on Dyed Polyester Fabrics with some Disperse Dyes Using High Temperature Dyeing as an Environmentally Benign Method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polyester fabrics were dyed with prepared disperse dyes using the high temperature dyeing method. The dye exhaustion of the dye baths were compared to the low-temperature dyeing method in an attempt to study the proportion of the dye effluent solution that affects the environment. The dye uptake of the high temperature dyeing method (HT) of polyester fabric was compared with low temperature dyeing, hence (HT) increased the color strength of the investigated dyes by 309 and 265%. This means that the amount of dye present in the dye effluents by using the high-temperature dyeing method is almost non-existent, and this is reflected positively on the environment as these wastes pollute the environment. Post-treated polyester fabric was prepared through a two-step hot process after being immersed in a solution of Titanium (IV) oxide nanoparticle sizeTiO2 NPs (21 nm primary particle size) at 80 °C followed by curing at 140 °C. The treated fabric realized an optimum UV protection factor of 34.9 and 283.6 degrees. These fabrics also demonstrated a strong ability to improve the light fastness properties. Finally, the potential applications of such value-added fabrics as self-cleaning and antifungal activities were investigated. The results indicated that the treated dyed fabrics with TiO2 NPs endowed fabrics with the excellent self-cleaning of methylene blue dye. From the above, the treated fabrics with nano-titanium dioxide can be used in some promising fields, for example, medical ones.
Quantum duality, unbounded operators, and inductive limits

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate the inductive limits of quantum normed (or operator) spaces. This construction allows us to treat the space of all noncommutative continuous functions over a quantum domain as a quantum (or local operator) space of all matrix continuous linear operators equipped with S-quantum topology. In particular, we classify all quantizations of the polynormed topologies compatible with the given duality proposing a noncommutative Arens–Mackey theorem. Further, the inductive limits of operator spaces are used to introduce locally compact and locally trace class unbounded operators on a quantum domain and prove the dual realization theorem for an abstract quantum space.
[Development of fluorescence imaging based assay for screening compounds with anti-migration activity].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the present study, A fluorescent imaging-based high-throughput screening method was developed for identifying anti-migratory compounds with 96-well Transwell plates. The correlation, precision and stability of this method were examined and the incubation time of dye Hoechst 33342 in addition to migration time was optimized. In addition, The inhibitory activity of anti-cancer drug paclitaxel on tumor cell migration was assayed and an IC50 value of 0.717 micromol x L(-1) was obtained. Using this method, 24 components from Rhizoma Alismatis were screened and one component with anti-migration activity was found. These results show that the new proposed method with good precision, stability and linear range has the potential to assay the inhibitory activity of anticancer compounds.
Top advances of the year: The status of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in neuro‐oncology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Numerous major advances have been made in the past year regarding chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy in neuro‐oncology. Disialoganglioside GD2 CAR T cells, bivalent CAR T cells, and CARv3–engineered T cells expressing a T‐cell–engaging antibody molecule all show promise for diffuse midline glioma and glioblastoma.
Technology of Organization and Playing Instructional Games, Evidence From Elementary School Lessons

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article deals with one of the ways of involving elementary school students in educational activities. The peculiarities of gaming technology as one of the unique forms of learning are analyzed. The concept of "gaming pedagogical technologies" is substantiated, which includes a rather large group of methods and techniques for organizing the pedagogical process in the form of various pedagogical games. The moments of the use of gaming technologies at elementary school lessons are determined. The essence of the didactic game as an important means of successful assimilation by students of mathematical knowledge, skills and abilities as one of the most important spheres of vital activity of the child, a means of its full-fledged mental development is singled out. The essence of the main goal of the game is considered in the article. Particular attention is paid to the use of didactic games at elementary school mathematics classes. The structural components of the game activity are described, the structural components of the game activity are described, namely: for the organization and conducting of the didactic game the conditions, stages, rules, provisions must be observed. The task of the teacher in the preparation and conduct of games and expediency of the organization of educational and cognitive activity of students in the study of mathematics using the game technologies of junior pupils is revealed.
GRAFTED MOUSE OVARIES AND THEIR ADRENAL CORTICAL FUNCTION1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article GRAFTED MOUSE OVARIES AND THEIR ADRENAL CORTICAL FUNCTION Get access R. T. HILL R. T. HILL 1From the Department of Anatomy, Indiana University School of Medicine BLOOMINGTON, INDIANA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrinology, Volume 42, Issue 5, 1 May 1948, Pages 339–351, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-42-5-339 Published: 01 May 1948 Article history Received: 23 October 1947 Published: 01 May 1948
Self-rating and rating of partners in couple diagnostics with the Giessen-Test

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Der Giesen-Test eignet sich zur Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilung insbesondere bei der Paardiagnostik. Zusammenhange zwischen Selbst- und Fremdbildern sowie Zusammenhange zwischen den Personlichkeiten der Partner sollen systematisch untersucht werden. 502 in fester Partn erschaft lebende Paare aus der deutschen Allgemeinbevolkerung fullten den Giesen-Test bezuglich Selbstbild und Fremdbild des Partners aus. Die deutlichsten Unterschiede zwischen Mann und Frau zeigen sich in der Skala Depressivitat, wobei die Manner ihre Frauen noch depressiver einschatzen als diese sich selbst. Insgesamt stimmen aber Selbstbilder und zugehorige Fremdbilder relativ gut uberein. Die Abweichungen liegen im Mittel unter 1 (T-Werte), die Korrelationen zwischen Selbst- und Fremdbild liegen bei 0.65. Sozial resonante Frauen haben im Mittel eher sozial resonante Manner; in den anderen Dimensionen ist die Paar-Symmetrie geringer oder gar nicht ausgepragt. Die Skalen-Interkorrelationen sind weitgehend unabhangig davon, ob es sich um Selbst- oder Fremdbilder handelt.
[Implication of melatonin in the control of the interdigestive ileocecal-colic electromyographic profile in rats].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In the interdigestive period, intestinal motility displays myoelectrical complexes occurring cyclically at a constant rhythm. Since it is established that the pineal gland plays an important role in the control of circadian rhythms via its melatonin secretion, we decided to study the effects of pinealectomy and melatonin on the organization of the ileo-ceco-colic electromyogram of the rat. Pinealectomy resulted in the disappearance of ileal myoelectrical complexes and, concurrently, an excitomotor effect on the cecocolic tract. In pinealectomized rats a single intravenous injection of melatonin during lighting period induced an immediate recovery of the ileal myoelectrical complexes and a progressive return to the control electromyographic pattern of the ceco-colic tract. The melatonin action was definitive.
Setting students free with tablets: a multi-method evaluation of an educational technology intervention

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Technology resources (e.g., tablets and websites) have the potential to extend school-based curriculum. Self-directed access to those computer resources has potential to improve learning outcomes. A multi-method case study evaluation of providing students with tablets as a self-directed learning tool for mathematics was carried out in a low socio-economic high school in New Zealand. Focus group interviews explored student experience with the tablets and the Khan Academy video tutorials for mathematics. A quasi-experimental analysis of pre- and posttest results showed no statistically significant advantage in mathematics achievement for the intervention students. Improvement in teacher rated classroom behaviour was positively correlated with achievement gains, teacher rated quality of classroom work was positively correlated with the number of times the tablets were borrowed from the school library and the length of time the tablets were borrowed. These correlations suggest that free, unmonitored access to tablets was associated with improved learning outcomes and behavior. However, the evaluation clearly shows that integrating tablet access with classroom practices would be a valid direction to further improvement in student outcomes.
Thermally Induced Degradation of Sulfur-Containing Aliphatic Glucosinolates in Broccoli Sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and Model Systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Processing reduces the glucosinolate (GSL) content of plant food, among other aspects due to thermally induced degradation. Since there is little information about the thermal stability of GSL and formation of corresponding breakdown products, the thermally induced degradation of sulfur-containing aliphatic GSL was studied in broccoli sprouts and with isolated GSL in dry medium at different temperatures as well as in aqueous medium at different pH values. Desulfo-GSL have been analyzed with HPLC-DAD, while breakdown products were estimated using GC-FID. Whereas in the broccoli sprouts structural differences of the GSL with regard to thermal stability exist, the various isolated sulfur-containing aliphatic GSL degraded nearly equally and were in general more stable. In broccoli sprouts, methylsulfanylalkyl GSL were more susceptible to degradation at high temperatures, whereas methylsulfinylalkyl GSL were revealed to be more affected in aqueous medium under alkaline conditions. Besides small amounts of isothiocyanates, the main thermally induced breakdown products of sulfur-containing aliphatic GSL were nitriles. Although they were most rapidly formed at comparatively high temperatures under dry heat conditions, their highest concentrations were found after cooking in acidic medium, conditions being typical for domestic processing.