jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Changing Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Imported Malaria in Belgium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The incidence of subacute malaria dropped significantly in the last decade. Although this presentation is almost limited to residents, the decline in malaria can not be explained by an overall shorter duration of stay, since the decline in this particular clinical presentation of malaria was also spectacular in residents. Apparently, insufficient treatment of malaria attacks in the previous months is the only independent risk factor.
Impact assessment of distributed generation on the power quality and reliability of distribution grid

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the development of a methodology aimed to assess the impact of distributed generation, specifically Photovoltaic systems (PV) and battery storage, on the power quality and reliability within a distribution network. Reliability is evaluated by means of SAIFI and SAIDI indicators, evaluation of power quality is performed reviewing voltage drops, sags and fluctuations indicators. As different PV and storage penetration scenarios were considered, the amount of generation capable of improving the system power quality performance could be determined. The generation limits represent the amount of distributed generation above which the network performance begins to be undesirable. These limits were determined by means of the recently published concept of hosting capacity (HC). Finally the paper shows that some scenarios of GD penetration reduce potential interruptions but increase voltage sags.
Influence of escaping of Na & K on physical properties in lead-free Na0.92K0.08NbO3ceramic

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Lead-free Nax K1–xNbO3 (NKN) ceramic with x = 0.08 was prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method to investigate the influence of the Escaping of Na & K on their physical properties. It has been found that the NKN ceramics with x = 0.08 exhibit pure perovskite (ABO3) structure. The pure phase NKN was achieved for all sintering temperatures of 1100 °C, 1150 °C, 1200 °C and 1250 °C. Change in microstructure, indicates that the grain size increases with the increasing sintering temperatures. The dielectric constant was dependent of the Escaping of Na & K. From the analyses, we suggest that the high dielectric constant for the NKN ceramics near sintering temperature 1150 °C are closely related to their low escaping of Na & K and microstructures of uniformly distributed large grains rather than the widely believed morphotropic phase boundary effect of lattice parameter discontinuity.
Simple Measures to Reduce Opioid Prescriptions Following Pediatric Spinal Fusion Surgery: A Multidisciplinary Quality Improvement Project

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The opioid epidemic is one of the biggest challenges facing modern healthcare. Among the adolescent and young adult population opioid overdose is one of the leading causes of death. Local Problem: Within pediatric orthopaedics, spinal fusion is a common procedure making up 7% of the surgical volume at our institution. Spinal fusion also has high postoperative opioid prescribing rates. Review of baseline data showed that there was wide variability in prescribing habits. The goal of this quality initiative was to reduce and standardize post-operative opioid prescribing following spinal fusion procedures. Methods: Data, including opiate-prescribing habits and a patient survey to assess patient and parent satisfaction with pain control, was collected retrospectively in the pre-intervention phase for 99 consecutive Adolescent and Juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery. This was followed with 2 PDSA cycles following implementation of a new protocol during which prospective surveys were administered to a total of 273 patients. Physician prescribing data was collected for 150 patients during the sustain phase. Interventions: A multi-pronged approached was utilized consisting of the following aspects: 1) Instruction to orthopaedic trainees to limit opioid prescriptions to 45 and 40 for PDSA cycles 1 and 2, respectively. 2) A pharmacy-led education program with an opioid tapering handout given to families and encouragement of usage of non-opioid pain control. 3) A call to the prescribing physician from pharmacy if the prescribed dosage was greater than the maximum allowed. Results: There was a significant reduction in opioid prescriptions from a preintervention mean of 48.5 doses to a PDSA 1 mean of 39.0, PDSA 2 mean of 37.5, and a sustain phase mean of 36.4 (p=0.000). This represented an estimated reduction of 22.8% over the course of the study. During this time, there was no significant change in patient and parent reported postoperative pain. Conclusions: Through simple measures, our institution was able to significantly reduce total opioid prescriptions following spinal fusion surgeries while maintaining good pain control.
KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS OF SOME SPECIES OF VICIA L. SECTION VICIA (FABACEAE LINDL.) IN IRAN

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The somatic chromosome numbers and karyotypic analysis of six taxa belonging to Vicia sect. Vicia (Fabaceae) were performed. We found three basic chromosome numbers (x=5, 6 and 7) in this section. All of the taxa were diploid. The chromosome number of V. lathyroides, V. grandiflora, V. sativa var. cordata and V. sativa var. amphicarpa were presented for the first time in Iran. Karyotype formula was different in the taxa, so that in the taxa V. lathyroides (2n=12), V. sativa var. sativa (2n=12), V. sativa var. angustifolia (2n=12), V. sativa var. cordata (2n=10), V. sativa var. amphicarpa (2n=14), V. grandiflora (2n=14) karyotype the formula were 6st, 2m+4st, 1m+1sm+4st, 5st, 3sm+4st and 5sm+2st respectively. The taxa studied were placed in 3A (V. sativa var. angustifolia and V. grandiflora), 3B (V. sativa var. amphicarpa) and 4A (V. lathyroides, V. sativa var. sativa and V. sativa var. cordata) classes of Stebbines. Based on A1 and A2 parameters, V. grandiflora and V. sativa var. cordata had symmetrical and asymmetrical karyotypes respectively.
Subsurface defect detection in ceramics by high-speed high-resolution optical coherent tomography

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We use optical coherence tomography with a new configuration to determine the size and location of subsurface defects in solid ceramic and composite ceramic materials. Cross-sectional subsurface regions either parallel or perpendicular to the surface were examined. We present experimental results showing that the size and distribution of small subsurface defects can be determined with depth and lateral resolutions of 10 and 4 microm, respectively.
Predictors of mortality in early- versus late-onset Alzheimer’s disease – an 18-year follow-up

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Few studies have focused on predictors of survival in patients with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) compared with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). We aimed to investigate the effect of genetic, sociodemographic, and clinical factors on mortality in the two groups.Methods: The Swedish Alzheimer Treatment Study (SATS) is a prospective, observational, multicenter study for longitudinal assessment of cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) therapy in clinical practice that includes 1,021 participants diagnosed with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Mini-Mental State Examination score, 10–26) at the start of ChEI treatment. Of these, 143 were defined as having EOAD (onset =65 years), and four missing age-at-onset; thus, 1,017 patients were included. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine characteristics that affected life expectancy: sex, apolipoprotein E genotype, solitary-living, duration of AD, age at baseline, years of education, specific concomitant medications, cognition (Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale [ADAS-cog]) and activities of daily living (ADL) (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale [IADL] and Physical Self-Maintenance Scale [PSMS]) at baseline, and their rates of decline.Results: After 18 years of follow-up, 115 (80%) of the EOAD and 797 (91%) of the LOAD patients had died (p<0.001). In EOAD, males living alone, hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), 2.71 (1.18–6.22), p=0.019, lower IADL capacity at baseline, 1.07 (1.02–1.11), p=0.002, and faster rate of basic ADL deterioration/year 0.87 (0.77–0.98), p=0.026 independently predicted shorter survival. In LOAD, males of any living status 1.64 (1.41–1.92), p<0.001, older age at baseline, 1.04 (1.03–1.06), p<0.001, use of antihypertensive/cardiac therapy, 1.26 (1.09–1.47), p=0.002, use of antidiabetics, 1.51 (1.06–2.14), p=0.021, lower cognitive ability 1.02 (1.01–1.03), p<0.001 and worse basic ADL at baseline 1.05 (1.02–1.09), p=0.004, and faster rates of progression/year (ADAS-cog, 0.99 (0.98–0.99), p=0.004, PSMS, 0.92 (0.89–0.95), p<0.001) independently predicted shorter survival.Conclusions: Predictors of mortality differed between age groups. More impaired IADL, but not cognitive performance, was a risk factor for worse prognosis in EOAD. Solitary-living younger males exhibited nearly a threefold risk of death compared with corresponding males living with a family. In LOAD, demographic factors, cardiovascular comorbidities, and cognitive status had a significant impact on survival. (Less)
Characterization and compensation of magnetic interference resulting from unmanned aircraft systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are a viable platform for aeromagnetic surveys but the interference generated during flight can greatly impact data quality. In this thesis, the problem of interference reduction was approached from two directions: mapping to identify sources and manoeuvre compensation.Problematic interference sources were identified using magnetic intensity mappings of the UAS. For these mappings to be accurate, the UAS must have: (1) the motors engaged, (2) the flight surface servos powered and in a steady-state position, and (3) the electrical systems drawing a constant current. The strongest sources were the servos and the motor system with the largest field attributed to the direct current battery cables between the motor batteries and the electronic speed controller. Reduction methods recommended included the twisting of direct current cables, demagnetisation of steel components, and increasing the distance between the servos and the intended magnetometer installation point.To improve mapping quality, a magnetic scanner was designed and built to compare the magnetic intensity mappings and profiles of four different types of electric-powered UAS; a single-motor fixed-wing, a single-rotor helicopter, a quad-rotor helicopter and a hexa-rotor helicopter UAS. These UAS were found to have: (1) similar interference signatures under rotation, (2) interference levels dependent on the electrical current drawn by the motor(s), (3) a mixture of interference types composed of both material magnetisation and electrical current.The removal of interference produced by a 35 kg gasoline-powered UAS was demonstrated using a real-time compensator. The UAS was prepared with interference reduction techniques that reduced the heading error and 4th difference to acceptable levels. Two novel low-altitude calibration methods, named a "stationary" and "box" calibration, were tested in three geographic locations with different magnetic gradients. The best calibration using each method yielded an improvement ratio of 8.595 and 3.989, respectively and a standard deviation of the compensated total magnetic intensity of 0.075 and 0.083 nT, respectively. A best estimated Figure-of-Merit of 3.8 nT was calculated; the lowest value reported for a rotary-wing UAS to date. The stationary calibration was robust and compensated non-native flight data with a cross-correlation index of 1.073.
Antischistosome antibodies change NTPDase 1 activity from macrophages

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary NTPD ases are enzymes that hydrolyse diphosphate and triphosphate nucleosides, regulating purinergic signalling in many organisms. The Schistosoma mansoni NTPD ases , Sm ATPD ases 1 and 2, are antigenic proteins and display a significant homology with the isoforms found in mammalian cells. In this work, we investigated whether anti‐Sm ATPD ase antibodies from S. mansoni‐ infected mice sera show cross‐reactivity with the NTPD ase 1 isoform from macrophages and how this event affects the cell proliferation. By Western blot, anti‐Sm ATPD ase antibodies present in serum from infected mice recognized 2 bands with approximately 53 and 58 kD a, corresponding to NTPD ase 1. Additionally, the enzyme was identified in macrophages by immunofluorescence and the anti‐Sm ATPD ase antibodies were able to reduce activity enzyme (22%). Macrophages incubated with commercial polyclonal antibodies reactive with NTPD ase 1 (anti‐ CD 39) showed a reduction of 40% of the enzyme activity. In proliferation assays, macrophage proliferation was inhibited 11% and 90% by pooled sera from infected animals and anti‐ CD 39, respectively. The results suggest that inhibition of NTPD ase 1 in macrophages by antibodies produced against the isoforms of the S. mansoni ATPD ases could be a mechanism of regulation in the immune response during experimental schistosomiasis.
Noise mechanisms in laser diodes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Noise in diode laser applications. Basics of diode lasers. Differences and similarities between optical and electronic devices. Dynamics and fundamental noise mechanisms in laser diodes; special difficulties encountered; present level of understanding. Intensity noise and frequency noise. Fundamental limits. Why can a laser diode generate an optical beam with sub-Poissonian photon statistics? Noise in traveling wave laser diode amplifiers. Mode partition noise, transients and external reflections, jitter. Optical and electrical feedback. Future developments.< >
An Efficient RSA Cryptosystem with BM-PRIME Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Using more than two factors in the modulus of the RSA cryptosystem has the arithmetic advantage that the private key computation can be speeded up by CRT. With this idea, we present an efficient combination of two variants of RSA cryptosystem (Batch and Mprime RSA) which makes the decryption process faster than the existing variants. It can not only speed up RSA decryption but also guarantee the security of RSA cryptosystem.
On the origin, evolution, and maintenance of RNA editing

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A newly published review by Bendich and Rogers (The biological and evolutionary consequences of competition between DNA sequences that benefit the cell and DNA sequences that benefit themselves. Nucleic Acids Research2025;53:gkaf589.) discusses the origin of RNA editing as a defense against mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and points out that many recent reviews, including ours, failed to recognize this fundamental issue. In this article, we expand on this perspective by examining the mechanistic and theoretical gaps regarding whether RNA editing suppresses or tolerates TE proliferation. We highlight the relevance of constructive neutral evolution (CNE) theory, suggesting that regardless of whether the editing machinery has arisen via CNE, specific editing sites do exhibit CNE signals. Additionally, we explore why certain A-to-I recoding sites are selectively maintained without being replaced with genomic G, reinforcing their indispensable regulatory role. Taken together, while acknowledging the plausibility of the MGE-related origin, we advocate for a broader view of RNA editing that includes multiple fascinating functions like proteome diversification and mutation correction.
The metamorphism and alteration of the basement rocks in the Carswell circular structure, Saskatchewan

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This thesis reports on a petrographic study of the metamorphosed Precambrian basement rocks exposed in the Carswell Circular Structure in the Athabasca sandstone of northern Saskatchewan. A descriptive classification of the rocks present is set up, and comprehensive illustrations are provided for the benefit of subsequent workers in the area. The basement rocks consist of gneisses and pegmatites, and have been metamorphosed to the granulite facies, with subsequent partial retrogression to upper amphibolite facies. This retrogression evidently resulted from increased availability of water, and may be related to the emplacement of pegmatites. A study of Mg-Fe partitioning between coexisting proxenes indicates that prograde metamorphism occurred at a temperature of about 800°C, consistent with the granulite facies. The basement rocks are highly altered by low-temperature hydration. Geochronologic studies suggest that this alteration occurred at about one billion years before present, and is therefore distinct from prograde metamorphism (two billion years) and from the Circular Structure "event" (480 million years). The alteration is considered to have been related to uranium mineralisation, and a possible model for the emplacement of mineralisation is discussed.
Does financial deleveraging affect governments’ desirability of privatization? Evidence from the Chinese listed local SOEs

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACTThe rapid growth of local SOEs in China largely depends on high leverage, thus local governments and their SOEs will face harder budget constraints when the central bank implements tight credit policies. Using a sample of listed local SOEs in the Chinese A-share market, this paper attempts to investigate the relationship between financial deleveraging and privatization of local SOEs. We find that privatization of the Chinese local SOEs increases significantly during financial deleveraging, and this effect is more pronounced among SOEs with less tax contribution, fewer employees and that cause greater financial burden to the local governments. This paper broadens the research on environmental factors that drive politicians to privatize.
Community treatment teams in New Zealand – are they suitable for Britain?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The run-down of the psychiatric institutions has led to innovative and novel methods of treatment of the mentally ill in the community. In New Zealand, as in other countries, deinstitutionalisation of the more traditional psychiatric services is proceeding rapidly and the statutory and non-statutory community services are straining under the burden. Amid the turmoil of change and the crying out for alternative provisions, a pilot scheme was proposed to serve the mentally ill in the population of West Auckland. In early 1988 the Extended Hours Team (EHT) was born. It is based on the model used in North Sydney, Australia (Hoult, 1986) and Madison, Wisconsin (Stein & Test, 1980). At the time of conception of the EHT, cost cutting was the rule which led to a difficult gestation but a surprisingly easy delivery and subsequent development over the first year.
Coming to a Theatre near you Soon ‘A Witnessed Cpr Event’

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A current review of the last thirty years is indicative of improvement in outcome across surgical specialities with the implementation of safer working practices and initiatives in enhanced recovery, preparing patients to be ‘fit’ for surgery. The focus of training for nurses and operating department practitioners lies with assuring technical competence and the drive is to establish best practice based on evidence. Once qualified, training for professionals within the perioperative environment is developed to enable participation in areas of anaesthesia, surgery and recovery roles. Advanced, intermediate and basic life support as well as advanced scrub practitioner courses are available, further aspects for patient safety have been implemented and pathways developed.
A PROSPECTIVE, MULTICENTER EVALUATION OF PREDICTIVE FACTORS FOR POSITIVE SURGICAL MARGINS AFTER NEPHRON SPARING SURGERY FOR RENAL CELL CARCINOMA: THE RECORD1 ITALIAN PROJECT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim of the study \nNephron-sparing surgery (NSS) has become the standard of care for the conservative management of clinically localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) whenever technically feasible. The excision of the tumor with a minimal margin of healthy parenchyma surrounding the neoplasm is currently considered the standard technique for NSS, in order to minimize the risk of positive surgical margins (PSMs) and achieve optimal local cancer control. We aimed to evaluate the predictors of PSMs after NSS for RCC in one of the largest available prospective multi-institutional study. \n \nMaterials and methods \nThe Italian Registry of Conservative Renal Surgery (RECORd Project) includes all patients who underwent conservative surgical treatment for radiologically diagnosed kidney cancers between January 2009 and December 2012 at 19 urological Italian centers. All preoperative anthropometric characteristics, intraoperative and pathological data were collected. Postoperative complications (within 30 days from surgery) were recorded. Standard partial nephrectomy (PN) has been defined as the excision of the tumor comprising a minimal margin of healthy peritumoral renal parenchyma. Simple tumor enucleation (SE) has been defined as the blunt tumor excision without removing a visible rim of parenchymal tissue around the pseudocapsule. Multivariable logistic regression models considering factors that were significantly related to SM status at univariable analysis were applied to analyse predictors of PSM. \n \nResults \nEight hundred consecutive patients were evaluated. 761 (95.1%) and 39 patients (4.9%) achieved negative and positive surgical margins, respectively. Patients with PSMs were significantly older compared to those with negative margins (median age: 66.6 vs. 61.8 years, respectively, p=0.001). No statistically significant differences were found among patients with positive and negative margins in terms of gender, BMI, indication to NSS (elective/relative vs. imperative), symptoms at the time of diagnosis, ECOG performance status, number of lesions, clinical stage and tumor side. A higher incidence of PSMs was observed when NSS was performed for renal masses located in the upper pole (p=0.001). A lower rate of PSM was found in those patients treated with simple enucleation rather than standard partial nephrectomy (1.6% vs. 7.4% respectively,) \n \nConclusions \nThe early oncological goal of PN is to achieve negative margins. In our multi-institutional report of open and minimally invasive NSS, the overall rate of PSM is 4.9%. Young age, SE, middle or lower tumor location and low grade tumor are all independent predictors of NSMs.
Complete monotonicity of solutions of the Abel equation $F(e^x)=F(x)+1$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the functions $F:\mathbb R\to \mathbb R$ which are $C^\infty $ solutions of the Abel functional equation $F(e^x)= F(x)+1$. In particular, we determine the asymptotic behaviour of the derivatives and show that no solution can have $F’$ compl