jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
In Situ pH Monitoring in Turbid Coastal Waters Based on Self-Electrodeposition Ir/IrO2 Electrode

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Direct and accurate monitoring of pH in turbid waters is a challenging task for environmental monitoring and analysis. In this study, iridium oxide (IrO 2 ) with selective sensing ability toward H + was produced on the surface of iridium (Ir) electrode by rapid self-electrodeposition. IrO 2 was deposited on electrode surface by atomic force, which could decrease the adverse effect of the suspended particles in turbid water. Properties of the Ir/IrO 2 electrode were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical technology. The sensitivity and response time of the Ir/IrO 2 electrode for pH determination were assessed, and a rapid and linear pH response of approximately 65 ± 3.5 mV pH −1 was observed across a wide pH range between 1.8 and 11.9. Moreover, the electrode exhibited a good temperature linearity (20 °C–60 °C), low potential drift (0.75 mV h −1 ), high accuracy (±0.05), and a long life span (up to 30 d). The practical investigation revealed faster equilibrium rate and higher stability of the Ir/IrO 2 electrode than that of traditional glass pH electrode. Furthermore, the Ir/IrO 2 electrode was successfully used for in situ pH monitoring in 750 formazin turbidity units (FTU) for turbid coastal river water. Therefore, the developed Ir/IrO 2 pH electrode offers large applicability for in situ pH monitoring in turbid environmental water matrices.
Management of root diseases of eggplant and watermelon with the application of asafoetida and seaweeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Eggplant and watermelon are highly susceptible to root rotting fungi Fusarium solani, F.oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina and root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.,) causing big losses each year in Pakistan. In field experiments, application of asafoetida, a medicinal gum from Ferula assafoetida and seaweeds Spatoglossum variabile, Stokeyia indica and Melanothamnus afaqhusainii showed significant suppressive effect on root rotting fungi Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina and root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) attacking watermelon and eggplant and improved plant growth in soil naturally infested with root rotting fungi and artificially infested with root knot nematode. Length of vine of watermelon, shoot length of eggplant and fresh shoot weight were higher in seaweed and asafoetida treated plants as compared to control or Topsin-M, a fungicide, treated plants. Seaweed and asafoetida treated plants also showed earlier fruiting than control or fungicide treated plants. At farmer’s field seaweed showed similar suppressive effect on F. solani and M. phaseolina and root knot nematode on water melon in soil naturally infested by these pathogens. Application of seaweed produced healthy plants and number of fruits and weight were significantly higher in seaweed and asafoetida treated plants. Asafoetida and seaweeds offer a non-chemical means of disease management.
Highlights of This Issue

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the current landscape of cancer immunotherapy and targeted therapy, it is important to continue to evaluate strategies of improving delivery of chemotherapy while at the same time reducing its classic toxicity profile. In a phase 1 trial, Subbiah and colleagues evaluated a novel cisplatin nanoparticle developed using micellar technology in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. In the dose escalation phase, a Bayesian continual reassessment model to determine the optimal dose of NC-6004 was used. A greater cisplatin equivalent dose with no clinically significant neuro-, oto- or nephrotoxicity was achieved. Tolerability and early signals of promising activity was observed with the nanoparticle delivery of cisplatin.Metastatic disease in the central nervous system continues to be a major clinical challenge. CAR-based T-cell immunotherapy is being actively investigated for the treatment of solid tumors, including HER2+ breast cancers. Priceman and colleagues provide preclinical data that demonstrate effective targeting of breast cancer brain metastases with regional intraventricular delivery of T cells engineered with a HER2-CAR containing a 4-1BB intracellular costimulatory domain. The widespread application of this optimized CAR and the novel route of T-cell administration may impact CAR T-cell therapy for other HER2+ solid tumors and their brain metastases.Wang and colleagues reveal that the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide augments the effectiveness of CAR T cells by several means, including mediating enhanced effector function and improving immune synapse formation between CAR T cells and targets, while maintaining a memory T-cell signature and increasing CAR T-cell persistence. The authors observed significantly improved antitumor activity of adoptively transferred CAR T cells in a multiple myeloma mouse model when this combination therapy was applied. These data suggest a viable strategy to boost the efficacy of CAR T cells against multiple myeloma and provide a generalizable approach for combining lenalidomide and CAR T cells.The use of anti-GD2 mAb as tumor-targeted immunotherapy has improved the outcome for high-risk neuroblastoma patients, but not all patients benefit from this immunotherapy. Prior clinical trials have demonstrated that genotypic polymorphisms specific to NK cells (KIR and KIR-ligand) are associated with clinical outcome. Erbe and colleagues evaluated KIR/KIR-ligand genotypes in patients from a randomized phase-III trial of anti-GD2-based immunotherapy and identified certain KIR/KIR-ligand genotypes that associated with improved outcome if patients received immunotherapy. These results confirm that NK cells mediate outcome in this clinical setting and could provide a biomarker for prospectively personalizing care.
Comblike Poly(α-alkyl γ-glutamate)s:  Computer Simulation Studies of an Intermediate Thermal Phase

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Monte Carlo (MC) simulations have been used to study the structure of an intermediate thermal phase of poly(alpha-octadecyl gamma,D-glutamate). This is a comblike poly(gamma-peptide) able to adopt a biphasic structure that has been described as a layered arrangement of backbone helical rods immersed in a paraffinic pool of polymethylene side chains. Simulations were performed at two different temperatures (348 and 363 K), both of them above the melting point of the paraffinic phase, using the configurational bias MC algorithm. Results indicate that layers are constituted by a side-by-side packing of 17/5 helices. The organization of the interlayer paraffinic region is described in atomistic terms by examining the torsional angles and the end-to-end distances for the octadecyl side chains. Comparison with previously reported comblike poly(beta-peptide)s revealed significant differences in the organization of the alkyl side chains.
Tracking the Footprints of Paclitaxel Delivery and Mechanistic Action via SERS Trajectory in Glioblastoma Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The design and development of an efficacious tumor-specific drug-delivery system is a challenging task. In this study, we have synthesized target-specific small peptide substrates on an octaguanidine sorbitol scaffold, named small molecular targeted drug-delivery conjugate (SMTDDC). The SMTDDC fabrication, with dual targeting cRGD and Cathepsin B (Cath B)-specific tripeptide (Glu-Lys-Phe), altered the microtubule network of glioblastoma cells by the orchestrated release of the cytotoxic paclitaxel (PTX). Cath B assisted PTX delivery was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) modalities. The time-dependent SERS fingerprinting and imaging revealed a fast and accurate PTX release profile and subsequent in vitro cytotoxicity as well as the apoptotic events and microtubule network alteration in U-87 MG glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, SMTDDC displayed adequate stability under physiological conditions and demonstrated biocompatibility toward red blood cells and lymphocytes. This study indicated a new insight on SERS-guided peptidomimetic sorbitol molecular transporter, enabling a greater promise with high potential for the further development of PTX delivery in glioblastoma treatment.
Future Airport Capacity Utilisation in Germany: Peaked Congestion and/or Idle Capacity?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The air traffic situation at German airports is characterised by intense capacity utilisation at the most important airports and rather low utilisation at many other airports. Although since 2001 overall traffic stagnates, air transport movements (ATMs) at hub airports are growing further. In this paper, we will describe airport traffic and capacity, discuss traffic forecasts and compare future volumes of ATMs with capacity at German airports. Means of de-peaking the spatial utilisation of airports will be presented. It will be shown that in less than 10 years time Germany needs additional runway capacity, which will most likely not be provided. Lacking this solution supply spreading measures and business models are discussed.
Improvement of the Proton Conduction of Copper(II)-Mesoxalate Metal–Organic Frameworks by Strategic Selection of the Counterions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Three copper(II)/mesoxalate-based MOFs with formulas (H3O)[Cu9(Hmesox)6(H2O)6Cl]·8H2O (1), (NH2Me2)0.4(H3O)0.6[Cu9(Hmesox)6(H2O)6Cl]·8H2O (2), and (enH2)0.25(enH)1.5[Cu6(Hmesox)3(mesox)(H2O)6Cl0.5]Cl0.5·5.25H2O (3) were synthesized (H4mesox = mesoxalic acid = 2,2-dihydroxypropanedioic acid, en = ethylenediamine). Essentially, all of the compounds display the same anionic network with a different arrangement of the cations, which have a remarkable effect on the proton conduction of the materials, ranging from 1.16 × 10-4 S cm-1 for 1 to 1.87 × 10-3 S cm-1 for 3 (at 80 °C and 95% RH). These compounds also display antiferromagnetic coupling among the copper(II) ions through both the carboxylate and alkoxido bridges. The values of the principal magnetic coupling constants were calculated by density functional theory (DFT), leading to congruent values that confirm the predominant antiferromagnetic nature of the interactions.
Analysis of cases of intimate partner violence against indigenous women reported in the macroregion of Dourados-MS, Brazil

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The present study aimed to analyze notifications of intimate partner violence (IPV) against indigenous women in the macro-region of Dourados-MS, Brazil, from 2009 to 2020. This is a cross-sectional study with secondary data from registered reports in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) of indigenous women who suffered violence. Descriptive statistics of the variables and Poisson regression were performed to determine the prevalence ratio (PR). IPV represented 56.6% of reports. The most reported types of violence were physical violence (93.3%) and psychological violence (27%). In the adjusted analysis, IPV was associated with women with partners (PR 1.32, 95%CI 1.19; 1.46), and women in situations of repeated violence (PR 1.15, 95%CI 1.05; 1.25) and at home as the place of occurrence (PR 1.13, 95%CI 1.01; 1.29). The majority of reports of violence against indigenous women registered in the Dourados health macro-region were perpetrated by an intimate partner. Knowledge of the profile of violence that arrives at health services, combined with associated factors, should enable the implementation of strategies aimed at reducing the number of cases.
Dynamic Key-Value Memory Networks for Knowledge Tracing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a task of tracing evolving knowledge state of students with respect to one or more concepts as they engage in a sequence of learning activities. One important purpose of KT is to personalize the practice sequence to help students learn knowledge concepts efficiently. However, existing methods such as Bayesian Knowledge Tracing and Deep Knowledge Tracing either model knowledge state for each predefined concept separately or fail to pinpoint exactly which concepts a student is good at or unfamiliar with. To solve these problems, this work introduces a new model called Dynamic Key-Value Memory Networks (DKVMN) that can exploit the relationships between underlying concepts and directly output a student’s mastery level of each concept. Unlike standard memory-augmented neural networks that facilitate a single memory matrix or two static memory matrices, our model has one static matrix called key, which stores the knowledge concepts and the other dynamic matrix called value, which stores and updates the mastery levels of corresponding concepts. Experiments show that our model consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art model in a range of KT datasets. Moreover, the DKVMN model can automatically discover underlying concepts of exercises typically performed by human annotations and depict the changing knowledge state of a student.
Role of renewables in strategies of oil companies from Central and Eastern Europe

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with the role of renewables in strategies of oil companies from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in the process of energy transition. In particular, we analyze whether and to which extent CEE oil companies focus on renewables; if focus, what are the main area of renewable investments; and if focus, is there linkage between their position in oil upstream and investments in renewables. Our research showed that so far activities of CEE oil companies in renewables have been relatively weak, but, under the assumptions that announced projects will be realized, (1) level of investment in renewables of CEE companies in the future will be relatively significant, (2) there are strong differences among CEE oil companies in terms of the significance of renewable productions, (3) those oil companies with relatively weak upstream (crude oil reserves and production) are more interested in renewables and (4) production of electricity from wind and solar dominates the renewable activities of CEE oil companies.
The study of correlation between interleukin-18 and intrauterine infection of HBV

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the association between IL-18 and intrauterine infection of hepatitis b virus ( HBV) . Methods The peripheral serum from 3 groups (including 42 pregnant women with HBV,15 normal pregnant women,12 non-pregnant women with HBV and 12 nonpregnant women) and umbilical cord serum from two pregnant groups were analyzed. The serum IL-18 levels were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . The HBV-DNA levels were detected by the fluorescence quantitative PCR method. Results (1) The serum IL-18 levels in pregnant women with HBV were significantly higher than that of normal pregant women,non-pregnant women with HBV(P0. 01) ; There was significant difference in umbilical cord IL-18 level of pregant women with HBV and normal pregnant women (P0. 05) ; Maternal serum IL-18 level was increased significantly that of umbilical cord serum in pregnant group with HBV,and there was a positive correlation in expression of IL-18 between maternal serum and umbilical cord (P0. 001) ; there was no significant difference in the serum IL-18 level between normal pregant women and nonpregnant women with HBV(P0. 05). (2) Increased IL-18 level of maternal serum and umbilical cord in pregant women with HBV were accompanied with the decrease of serum HBV-DNA load,and IL-18 level of maternal serum was negatively correlated with serum HBV-DNA load(r=-0. 465,P0. 05) . Conclusion Elevated maternal serum and umbilical cord serum levels of IL-18 were presented in pregant women with HBV, which may play an important role in intrauterine infection and might offer insight into the pathogenesis of vertical transmission of HBV.
Bridging Toughening Mechanism of Fiber Eutectics and Transformation Particles Composite Ceramic

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on the microstructure of fiber eutectics and transformation particles composite ceramic, the bridging stress of the fiber eutectic is determined. The bridging load that makes crack closure to reduce the stress concentration of crack tip is calculated. The energy dissipative value of the bridging load is obtained by considering the random orientation of the fiber eutectic. Finally, according to the relationship of the fracture toughness and energy dissipation, the bridging toughening mechanism is established. Analysis shows that the bridging toughening value is enhanced with the increasing of volume fraction and fracture strength of fiber eutectic, and enhanced with the decreasing of interface bonding strength and length-diameter ratio.
Synchronous presentation of hepatoid alpha-fetoprotein-producing lung cancer and colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe the synchronous presentation of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung and colorectal adenocarcinoma in a patient with elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) serum levels. Our patient was treated after surgery with a conventional chemotherapy regimen including bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody, which was demonstrated to improve the clinical results in the treatment of colorectal and lung cancer compared with chemotherapy alone, and is today approved both for colon and lung cancer. Besides the unconventional association of the two cancer types in our patient and the unsatisfactory clinical benefit obtained with the medical treatment administered, we report on the significance of AFP serum levels as a tumor marker in this peculiar situation. In our patient these levels, monitored from the first clinical symptoms through the last chemotherapy course, did not show any correlation with the response to treatment or with the patient's overall outcome. In particular, the serum marker remained essentially unchanged after the surgical removal of the lung mass and the subsequent chemotherapy.
Supplementary Figure 1 from IGKV3 Proteins as Candidate “Off-the-Shelf” Vaccines for Kappa-Light Chain–Restricted B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>PDF file, 303KB, Serum antibody responses to the IGKV3-20 recombinant protein in IGKV3+ lymphoma patients and healthy donors assessed by a chemiluminescence ELISA. Data are expressed as the ratio between the relative fluorescence unit (RFU) of the IGKV3-20 and those of tetanus toxoid, as reference value of antibody memory response to an exogenous antigen. This approach has been chosen to limit the possible influence of tumor-related immune suppression.</p>
Data from microRNA-451 Regulates Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Production and Proliferation of Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> microRNAs (miRNA) are small RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Recent evidence has shown that some miRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential association of miRNA expression with clinical outcome in patients with gastric cancer.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Expression of 250 human mature miRNAs was measured by real-time PCR on paraffin-embedded tumor samples of 21 patients with gastric cancer stage III uniformly treated with surgical resection followed by chemoradiation. We identified the miRNAs correlated with disease-free and overall survival times, and the results were evaluated including 24 other patients. <i>In vitro</i> cell proliferation and radiosensitivity studies were done to support clinical data.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The results revealed that down-regulation of miR-451 was associated with worse prognosis. miR-451 was detected by <i>in situ</i> hybridization in epithelial cells and showed decreased expression in gastric and colorectal cancer versus nontumoral tissues. Overexpression of miR-451 in gastric and colorectal cancer cells reduced cell proliferation and increased sensitivity to radiotherapy. Microarray and bioinformatic analysis identified the novel oncogene macrophage migration inhibitory factor (<i>MIF</i>) as a potential target of miR-451. In fact, overexpression of miR-451 down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of MIF and decreased expression of reporter genes with <i>MIF</i> target sequences. Moreover, we found a significant inverse correlation between miR-451 and <i>MIF</i> expression in tumoral gastric biopsies.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> These findings support the role of miR-451 as a regulator of cancer proliferation and open new perspectives for the development of effective therapies for chemoradioresistant cancers.</p></div>
Stochastic Model for Adaptation Using Basin Hopping Dynamics

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An analysis is presented for adaptive selection of modes using bifurcation of mode-hopping dynamics in a multi-basin system. The analysis utilizes a formalism based on coarse-grained state transitions. Stochastic state transition probabilities are used to derive expressions for mode search times and adaptation rates. This approach can be applied to the tuning of dynamical instabilities in flexible control systems
A most pervasive memoir: R. V. Jones and his Most Secret War

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article challenges the erstwhile historical reliance upon the memoirs of the key protagonist of British Scientific Intelligence during the Second World War. Meticulous archival research has confirmed that the history of the genesis of British Scientific Intelligence has been distorted by the legacy and legend of R.V. Jones and his memoirs entitled Most Secret War. This article confirms that British Intelligence success in this regard was not solely the result of one man's heroic accomplishments but, in reality, involved many individuals and organisations whose valuable exploits have been hidden in the shadows by Most Secret War.
Figure S1: Effect of treatment protocol on AR gene expression in C4-2 and LAPC4 cells from Disrupting Androgen Receptor Signaling Induces Snail-Mediated Epithelial–Mesenchymal Plasticity in Prostate Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>C4-2 and LAPC4 cells were subjected to treatment protocol (Fig.1A); the canonical AR target genes including KLK3 and NKX3.1 were assessed by real-time PCR analysis. Data from three independent</p>
Antioxidant capacities of Aloe vera (Aloe vera Linne) from Jeju Island, Korea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The antioxidant capacity of aloe vera gel (AG), aloe vera exudates (AE), and a low molecular filtrate of aloe vera gel (ALMF) prepared from aloe vera grown on Jeju Island, Korea was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays, and total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined. The phenolic compounds in aloe samples were analyzed. Antioxidant capacities in oil-in-water emulsions following riboflavin photosensitization were analyzed using lipid hydroperoxide. AE had significantly higher antioxidant capacity than that of the other samples based on the DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC assays (p<0.05). Lipid hydroperoxide values of 5 mg/mL for AG, AE, and ALMF were 521.78, 272.32, and 699.89 mmol/kg oil, respectively, whereas that of samples without aloe vera was 893.07 mmol/kg oil over 48 h. AE had higher TPC and TFC values. Aloesin and aloin were found in AE, whereas those compounds were only found in trace amounts in AG and ALMF.