jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Aberrant patterns of default‐mode network functional connectivity associated with metabolic syndrome: A resting‐state study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of three or more cardiovascular risk factors (RF), including hypertension, obesity, high cholesterol, or hyperglycemia. MetS and its component RFs are more prevalent in older age, and can be accompanied by alterations in brain structure. Studies have shown altered functional connectivity (FC) in samples with individual RFs as well as in clinical populations that are at higher risk to develop MetS. These studies have indicated that the default mode network (DMN) may be particularly vulnerable, yet little is known about the overall impact of MetS on FC in this network. Methods In this study, we evaluated the integrity of FC to the DMN in participants with MetS relative to non‐MetS individuals. Using a seed‐based connectivity analysis approach, resting‐state functional MRI (fMRI) data were analyzed, and the FC measures among the DMN seed (isthmus of the cingulate) and rest of the brain voxels were estimated. Results Participants with MetS demonstrated reduced positive connectivity between the DMN seed and left superior frontal regions, and reduced negative connectivity between the DMN seed and left superior parietal, left postcentral, right precentral, right superior temporal and right superior parietal regions, after accounting for age‐ and sex‐effects. Conclusions Our results suggest that MetS is associated with alterations in FC between the DMN and other regions of the brain. Furthermore, these results indicate that the overall burden of vascular RFs associated with MetS may, in part, contribute to the pathophysiology underlying aberrant FC in the DMN.
Frequency and nature of complications associated with drug and electric cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation in hypertension in combination with extracardial comorbid pathology and adherence to treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim. To evaluate the complex of antiarrhythmic therapy and adherence to treatment on an outpatient basis in patients with atrial fibrillation in hypertension in combination with extracardiac diseases. Methods. In an observational cohort study, 308 men aged 45–60 years old were observed with atrial fibrillation and hypertension in combination with diabetes mellitus (n = 40), diffuse toxic goiter (n = 42), hypothyroidism (n = 59), abdominal obesity (n = 64) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 47). The comparison group consisted of 56 patients without extracardiac pathology. The work evaluated clinical, anthropometric data, the results of daily monitoring of ECG and echocardiography. Adherence to therapy was evaluated using a specialized Moriski-Green questionnaire. Results. Patients with diabetes mellitus on the background of electric cardioversion significantly more often developed CHF (p = 0.003), cardioembolism (p < 0.001), hospitalization (p = 0.040) and progression of AF (p < 0.050), relative to the comparison group. The number of regospitalizations was noted less after electrical cardioversion compared with only medical one. The adherence to drug therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation in hypertension with extracardiac disease was 26.7 %. Conclusion. The reasons for the lack of patient adherence to treatment require an integrated approach to its early resolution.
Children's Emotion and Behavior after Social Comparison: Age and Personality Differences

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

本研究の目的は，小学4年生，6年生ならびに中学2年生を対象とし，社会的比較を行った後，その個人に生じる感情や行動について発達的に検討すること，ならびにそれが個人のパーソナリティ特性とどう関連しているのかを検討することであった。領域別コンピテンス，競争心，情緒性のどのパーソナリティ特性が社会的比較によって生じる感情や行動に強く影響を及ぼすのかを検討するために，3つのパーソナリティ特性を説明変数に，社会的比較の結果下位尺度を各々基準変数とする重回帰分析を学年別に行った。本研究の結果より，社会的比較を行った後に，その個人に生じる感情や行動は，パーソナリティ特性や発達段階に応じて異なることがわかった。小学生（4年生ならびに6年生）においては，領域別コンピテンスが特に，社会的比較によって生じる感情や行動と強く関連していた。一方，中学2年生においては，競争心が社会的比較によって生じる感情や行動に影響を及ぼしていた。
Dietary supplementation with bilberry extract prevents macular degeneration and cataracts in senescent accelerated OXYS rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cataracts and macular degeneration remain the major cause of blindness and acuity of vision deterioration in the elderly. Both pathology have been attributed to damage by free radicals, there has been a great deal of interest in antioxidants. Bilberry's (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) flavonoids are known as potent antioxidants, scavenging free radicals and used for multiple age-releted ocular disorders. There are no experimental studies, devoted to estimation of bilberry effect. To explore this one the senescence-accelerated OXYS rats were used. Developed at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences the OXYS rat strain is an animal model of accelerated senescence and age-related disease including early cataract and chorioretinal degeneration with clinical presentations correspond to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). From 1,5 to 3 month OXYS rats were given control diets or those supplemented with 25% bilberry extract (BE, 20mg on kg of body weight including 4,5mg of antocianidin) or vitamin E (20mg/kg) as drag for comparison. The ophthalmoscopy testing at 3 month have showed that more than 80% of control OXYS rats had cataract and macular degeneration while the supplementation of BE completely prevented impairments in the lenses and retina. The VE had no significant effects but both antioxidants decreased lipid peroxides in the retina, lens and serum of OXYS rats. The results suggest that long-term supplementation with BE is effective in prevention age-related macular degeneration and senile cataract and the OXYS rat strain is the useful model of these disorders and for screening new drugs for treatment of them.
Austria in the European Union

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article gives an overview of the process of domestic adjustment and of the formation of Austrian policy priorities within the European Union (EU). It argues that, while certain problems of economic and political adjustment, including the neutrality issue, are still being addressed, the coalition government of Social Democrats and Christian Democrats is basically determined to establish Austria in the integration core in Europe if and when differentiated integration processes emerge, and particularly in relation to Economic and Monetary Union.
Human dignity and the best interest of the child

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In our daily medical practice, we are constantly facing situations that require a comprehensive view of the patient, based not only on scientific knowledge, but also encompassing relevant legal, anthropological, philosophical, and sociological concepts. This can be summarized by saying that bioethical knowledge and training are critical in current professional practice. This will allow us to provide quality care while contributing to a paradigm change in health sciences. The objective of this presentation is to review concepts such as person, dignity, and best interests of the child, and reflect on the importance we give to them in our professional practice. Key words: dignity, human rights, child, defense of the child NOTE: This research was presented by Catrian M. Sotelo (Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Fundación H. A. Barcelo, Argentina) at 2nd World Pediatrics Congress held on June 08-09, 2021. For more details visit: https://www.pediatrics-conference.com/
Miniaturization of MMIC Inductors Using Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An alternative design for a MMIC inductor as a compromise between a galvano plastic coil and a thin one using an evaporated layer (gate metallization) is investigated. As a method for the analysis of such a component the three-dimensional finite difference time-domain technique [l] has been applied. Due to a problem with convergency of the transfer function in frequency domain the System Identification method has been used for Sparameter extraction. The method is verified by a comparison of measured and simulated results for selected inductors incorporating specific properties of the investigated structure.
3D Tomographic Transition of Particle Distribution in Microchannel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The three dimensional cross-sectional particle concentrations of particle-liquid two phase flows in the two cross-seciton of microchannel has been reconstructed using process tomography. In the obtained 3D (2D space and time) reconstruction image, the dielectric particle-injected area appears to have a high particle concentration, and the deionized water-injected area appears to have a low particle concentration. Dielectric particles as the solid phase and non-conductive deionized water as the liquid phase are non-uniformly injected to the microchannel. The comparison between the qualitative result of 3D reconstruction image and the quantitative result of particle concentration in flow direction transition is that the particle is reasonably distributed in the particle injected area of the cross-section. Based on the reconstructed particle distribution image, it is easy to estimate the particle diffusion behaviors in microchannel.
Language Dominance Trends in Multilingual Countries : Focus on Preferred Languages and Related Areas of Expansion in the Indian Internet*

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

본고는 대표적인 다언어 국가인 인도를 대상으로 온라인 공간에서 선호 언어의 획일 화 현상을 분석한 것이다. 글로벌화와 함께 전 세계적 차원에서는 영어를 중심으로, 다 언어 국가 내에서는 공용어를 중심으로 언어문화의 획일화가 진행된다는 우려가 커지 고 있다. 이는 특히 인터넷과 온라인 교육 매체를 통해 가속화되고 있으나, 현재까지 이에 대한 실증분석은 매우 드물다. 이러한 문제인식에서 본 연구는 빅데이터를 기반 으로 인도 인터넷에서 선호 언어의 획일화 현상과 확장의 연관 분야를 분석한 것이다. 본 연구를 위해 2018-22년(60개월)간 구글트렌드 통해 인도 내에서 영어(국제어), 힌디어(공용어)를 포함한 사용자 상위 5개 언어에 대한 검색 자료를 수집하여 분석하 였다. 연구결과, 인도에서는 힌디어 검색량이 가장 많고, 다음으로 영어에 대한 관심이 높았다. 특히 영어에 대한 관심은 지난 5년간 2배 이상 증가하였다. 지방 언어 검색은 낮은 수준으로, 소폭 감소하는 경향도 나타난다. 지역적으로는 인도 남부와 북동부에 서 영어에 대한 관심이 급증하고 있다. 힌디어와 영어의 검색량은 공통적으로 '직업·교 육', '비즈니스·산업' 분야와 상관관계가 있었다. 본 연구 결과, 인도 온라인에서는 힌디 어와 영어로 관심이 수렴되는 경향이 나타나고, 이러한 현상은 교육의 기회, 경제적 혜 택과 밀접하게 관련된 것으로 판단된다.
Social Media and Pediatric Scoliosis: An Analysis of Patient and Surgeon Use.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An analysis of Instagram posts related to scoliosis showed that the majority were shared by patients in the non-operative period and overwhelmingly had a positive tone. The content of the posts focused mainly on brace wear, activities of daily living, and post-operative appearance or x-rays. This information provides further insight into what patients deem important regarding pediatric scoliosis care. Analysis of the social media presence of scoliosis surgeons showed that they have an underwhelming presence on Instagram and Twitter, but are more active on LinkedIn, a site geared more toward professional development and networking than other social media options.
Do discounted food products end up in the bin? An investigation into the link between deal‐prone shopping behaviour and quantities of household food waste

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Household food waste is considered to be the largest share of food waste along the food supply chain. Given that its recoverability is also more challenging compared to food waste in other stages of the chain, most studies on household food waste adopt a pre‐emptive approach by aiming to identify and address consumer beliefs, attitudes and actions that are linked to food waste. In scientific literature, household food waste has often been studied in relation to the habit of purchasing discounted food products (DFP). However, findings have been contradictory. Specifically, while some authors found that deal‐prone consumers are usually of lower income and therefore display a wiser and more attentive attitude towards grocery shopping, other authors reported that the purchase of discounted products was usually linked to compulsive shopping, hence resulting in higher food waste quantities at home. Due to these discrepant findings, a definitive answer on the impact of DFP on household food waste does not currently exist in the literature. This paper analyses the correlation between the purchase of DFP and weekly household food waste quantities. To do so, we examine (a) the results of a food waste diary experiment carried out on a representative sample of 385 households in Italy in February 2017, and (b) the results of a 23‐items Computer Assisted Web Interview survey administered to the same householders, in which shopping habits were investigated. Results revealed no evidence of either a positive or negative relationship between the purchase of DFP and household food waste quantities. Frequency of grocery shopping was the only variable found to have a significant impact on household food waste quantities.
Effectively Stable Dark Matter

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study dark matter (DM) which is cosmologically long-lived because of standard model (SM) symmetries. In these models an approximate stabilizing symmetry emerges accidentally, in analogy with baryon and lepton number in the renormalizable SM. Adopting an effective theory approach, we classify DM models according to representations of $SU(3)_C\times SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y \times U(1)_B\times U(1)_L$, allowing for all operators permitted by symmetry, with weak scale DM and a cutoff at or below the Planck scale. We identify representations containing a neutral long-lived state, thus excluding dimension four and five operators that mediate dangerously prompt DM decay into SM particles. The DM relic abundance is obtained via thermal freeze-out or, since effectively stable DM often carries baryon or lepton number, asymmetry sharing through the very operators that induce eventual DM decay. We also incorporate baryon and lepton number violation with a spurion that parameterizes hard breaking by arbitrary units. However, since proton stability precludes certain spurions, a residual symmetry persists, maintaining the cosmological stability of certain DM representations. Finally, we survey the phenomenology of effectively stable DM as manifested in probes of direct detection, indirect detection, and proton decay.
Prognostic value of FGFR2 alterations in patients with iCCA undergoing surgery or systemic treatments: A meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Over recent years, there has been a notable rise in the incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), which presents a significant challenge in treatment due to its complex disease characteristics and prognosis. Notably, the identification of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusion/rearrangement, a potential oncogenic driver primarily observed in iCCA, raises questions about its impact on the prognostic outcomes of patients undergoing surgical intervention or other therapeutic approaches. Methods A comprehensive search from inception to July 2023 was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases. The objective was to identify relevant publications comparing the prognosis of FGFR2 alterations and no FGFR2 alterations groups among patients with iCCA undergoing surgical resection or other systemic therapies. The primary outcome indicators, specifically Overall Survival (OS) and Disease‐Free Survival (DFS), were estimated using Hazard Ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and statistical significance was defined as p < .05. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4 software and Stata, version 12.0. Results Six studies, involving 1314 patients (FGFR2 alterations group n = 173 and no FGFR2 alterations group n = 1141), were included in the meta‐analysis. The analysis revealed that the FGFR2 alterations group exhibited a significantly better OS prognosis compared to the no FGFR2 alterations group, with a fixed‐effects combined effect size HR = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.001–1.715, p = .049. Furthermore, meta‐regression and subgroup analysis showed that the length of the follow‐up period did not introduce heterogeneity into the results. This finding indicates the stability and reliability of the study outcomes. Conclusion The current study provides compelling evidence that FGFR2 alterations are frequently associated with improved survival outcomes for patients with iCCA undergoing surgical resection or other systemic treatments. Additionally, the study suggests that FGFR2 holds promise as a safe and dependable therapeutic target for managing metastatic, locally advanced or unresectable iCCA. This study offers a novel perspective in the realm of targeted therapy for iCCA, presenting a new and innovative approach to its treatment.
Association of Elevations of Specific T Cell and Monocyte Subpopulations in Rheumatoid Arthritis With Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of excess deaths in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, identification of features denoting patients with a risk of developing CAD is lacking. The composition of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets in RA patients differs markedly from that in healthy controls with regard to the extent of T cell activation, with clonal expansion and differentiation to effector memory status, and presence of inflammatory monocytes. In this study, we sought to evaluate whether elevations in these PBMC subpopulations in RA patients could denote those with an increased risk of subclinical CAD, as determined by the presence of coronary artery calcification (CAC). Methods The study cohort comprised 72 patients with RA who underwent cardiac computed tomography to assess CAC. PBMC subsets were determined by multiparameter flow cytometry. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the associations between PBMC subpopulations and the presence of CAC. Results Among the 72 patients with RA, 33% had CAC and exhibited significant increases in the levels of circulating CD4 T cell subsets denoting activation and differentiation to the effector memory phenotypes. Analogous increases in the levels of CD8 T cell subsets, as well as in the CD14 high CD16+ intermediate monocyte subset, were also present in these patients, as compared to those without CAC. The increases in the CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets were highly intercorrelated, whereas the increases in CD14 high CD16+ monocytes were independent of elevations in the CD4 T cell subsets. After adjustments for relevant confounders, the levels of CD4+CD56+CD57+ T cells and CD14 high CD16+ monocytes remained associated with the presence of CAC. Conclusion These findings indicate that PBMC subsets are markers for the presence of CAC and suggest that mechanisms of atherogenesis in RA may operate in part through the elevations in these subsets, raising further questions about the mechanisms underlying the presence of such alterations in cell composition in patients with RA and the potential for shared etiologic pathways between RA and cardiovascular disease.
INFLUENCE OF EXOGENOUS GIBBERELLIN AND ITS MIXTURE WITH SUCROSE ON THE FORMATION OF XYLEM INCREMENT OF SILVER BIRCH

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We studied the effect of gibberellin on cambial activity towards the xylem formation in adult birch trees (Betula pendula Roth var. pendula, common birch). The injection of exogenous solutions was used as a methodological technique. To do this, “chambers” were made on tree trunks by cutting out the outer layers of the bark up to the inner parts of the non-conductive phloem, leaving the conductive phloem and cambial zone intact. GA3 gibberellin solutions (0.005%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2 %) and a mixture of gibberellin with sucrose (GA3 0.01% + sucrose 1% - 20%) were injected into the chambers using a syringe. A strong stimulating effect of the hormone on the formation of xylem increment has been established. It was not possible to identify the dependence of the growth increment on the concentrations used, since their values obviously exceeded the level at which the maximum possible response of the cambial zone to the action of gibberellin was achieved with a given metabolic status of cells and tissues. This is confirmed by the effect of the residual action of exogenous solutions, which manifested itself after the termination of their administration: in variants with higher concentrations of the hormone, the final increase in xylem was greater. It was demonstrated for the first time that high sucrose concentrations (10% and 20%) reduce the stimulating effect of gibberellin. It has been suggested that in this case, sucrose can act through an increase in the level of UDP-glucose, the interaction of which with gibberellin leads to its conjugation (inactivation). The reaction of UDP-glucose with auxin cannot also be excluded, as a result of which it’s the conjugate IAA-glucose is formed, since gibberellin provides acceleration of cambial growth only in the presence of physiologically active (free) auxin in the tissue.
An Analysis of the Principal Arguments in Support of a Congressional Term Limit

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper looks closely at the debate on congressional term limits. The objective of this paper is to examine critically the fundamental arguments made in support of term limits. Analysis of pro-term limits literature pinpoints incumbent behavior as the driving force behind term limits reform. In particular, supporters argue that legislators have become increasingly career-oriented over the past fifty years, allocating for themselves a myriad of perks of office ( e.g., large staff, free mailing, and unlimited travel budgets) to achieve their reelection goals. In addition, incumbents are cited for focusing on the wishes of their constituencies instead of on the country's needs, creating critical problems in the operation of Congress and rendering congressional elections effectively uncontestable. The framework of representation developed by the Framers is analyzed. This provides a basis for discussion to determine if legislators are too responsive to parochial interests at the expense of the national interest--as is contended by proponents. The nature of policy paralysis is reviewed to determine if it is the result of incumbents' reelection behavior or is endemic to the Framers' system of representation. We suggest the latter is a more probable explanation. This work will examine the charges that incumbents have prospered from generous perks of office and constituency service. Findings will show that while perquisites of office have grown sharply over the past fifty years, House incumbent reelection rates have remained fairly static. Likewise, in the Senate, no discernible pattern has emerged to show that its members have profited from the benefits of office. An alternative perspective on turnover will also be offered, indicating that turnover already occurs to a meaningful degree. In conclusion, evidence has not supported proponents' beliefs about policy paralysis, incumbent behavior, and the nature of turnover. For this reason, questions are raised about the legitimacy of term limits as a reform movement.