jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rapamycin inhibits release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from human vascular smooth muscle cells.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Neointimal proliferation with plaque formation is the principal cause of coronary artery disease. In the neointima, inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). These cytokines stimulate proliferation and migration of VSMCs, events that are crucial to neointima formation. Stents, liberating rapamycin, have been shown to reduce neointima formation in human coronary arteries. The purpose of this study was to determine if rapamycin could inhibit the production of TNF-alpha by VSMCs. With institutional review board approval, VSMCs were cultured from saphenous vein segments obtained from five patients. Cells were identified as VSMC by immunostaining for smooth muscle alpha-actin. Cells were exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS plus rapamycin, or LPS plus isoproterenol for 24 hours. Cells with no treatment served as controls. The culture medium was then removed and analyzed for TNF-alpha. Additionally, the effect of treatment on viability was determined by assay of mitochondrial activity. TNF-alpha released into the culture medium is expressed as pg TNF-alpha/mg cell protein. Statistical analysis was by ANOVA. In control cells, TNF-alpha was undetectable in the culture medium. The addition of LPS (10 microg/mL) increased TNF-alpha release to 4312 +/- 705 pg/mg at 24 hours. The addition of 1 ng/mL rapamycin with LPS reduced TNF-alpha production 50 per cent (P < 0.01 vs LPS alone). A similar reduction of TNF-alpha release was seen with 1 microM isoproterenol. LPS, rapamycin, or isoproterenol did not affect cell viability. These data show that rapamycin effectively inhibits the release of TNF-alpha from VSMCs stimulated with inflammatory mediators like LPS. Rapamycin is as effective as agents that raise intracellular cyclic AMP (e.g., isoproterenol). Therefore, a potential mechanism for the effectiveness of rapamycin-releasing stents is reduction of inflammatory cytokine expression by VSMCs.
The Colors of Content Moderation: A Portfolio of Brazilian Resistances to Coloniality on Instagram

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores resistance to coloniality embedded on Instagram's automated content moderation. With the growing use of artificial intelligence on Instagram's content moderation, the company is increasingly criticized for the discriminatory effects of its algorithmic systems, which disproportionately punishes content produced by marginalized groups—such as racial and gender minorities—while leaving untouched similar content produced by more privileged groups. Additionally, when confronted with criticism, the company tends to respond with arguments that diminish users' experiences of discrimination while reclaiming the monopoly over any statement about algorithms on the grounds they have the technical information about them. This article aims to articulate the concepts of "automated coloniality," "datacentric epistemology" and "parrhesia" to discuss the colonial features of Instagram's automated content moderation. Building on such framework, a portfolio of Brazilian resistance practices are used to illustrate some of the instances of coloniality within the social network content moderation and how Brazilian users respond to them, affirming their criticism as legitimate.
Research on deviation correction control of rapid tunneling robot based on vision measurement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at problems of insufficient positioning and control accuracy of tunneling robot in environment with high dust and low illumination of coal mine, a deviation correction control system of rapid tunneling robot based on vision measurement is designed. The explosion-proof camera installed on rapid tunneling robot is used to collect image of laser pointing instrument at the rear, and the collected image information is transmitted to explosion-proof computer through Ethernet. The explosion-proof computer is used to preprocess the image and then the pose of the rapid tunneling robot is calculated according to pose calculation model. The calculated pose information is compared with designed roadway axis information, and the pose deviation between the pose of the rapid tunneling robot and the roadway design axis is calculated. According to type and size of the pose deviation, different control strategies are adopted to calculate corrected control quantity and control instructions are output. The control command controls spool movement of solenoid proportional valve to control telescopic oil cylinder. According to the different expansion amount of the telescopic cylinder in each area, the pose of the rapid tunneling robot is adjusted to realize deviation correction control. The experimental results show that the average deviation of vision meosurement accuracy in X direction is 21.334 mm, that in Y direction is 34.154 mm, that of yaw angle is 0.493 ° and the error of deviation correction control in X direction is less than 30 mm, which meets requirements of actual working conditions.
Analysis of Pre-Stall Pressure Disturbances in an Axial Compressor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Pre-stall rotating pressure disturbances were observed at off-design conditions in an axial compressor. The temporal and spectral characteristics of the rotating disturbances were studied at different mass flow rates along a part-speed, partially-closed inlet guide vane (IGV) compressor characteristic. Specifically, unsteady casing pressure measurements were analyzed at several steady operating points. The auto-spectral density (ASD) of the pressure measurements was characterized by a broadband local maximum with distinct peaks superimposed, each corresponding to a different circumferential wavenumber, consistent with observations in the literature of pre-stall rotating disturbances, or “rotating instabilities.” Using the wavenumber-dependent ASD, each peak’s amplitude, center frequency, and local width were characterized as a function of circumferential wavenumber for four distinct operating points. Additionally, temporal analysis of the pressure signals indicated that the rotating disturbances were compact in space and time. A Morlet wavelet model was developed to understand how physical parameters such as the disturbance size, frequency-of-occurrence, and circumferential propagation speed affected the wavenumber-dependent ASD. The model informed the characterization of physical flow features from statistics of the casing pressure measurements.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Transcriptome Analysis of the White Body of the Squid Euprymna tasmanica with Emphasis on Immune and Hematopoietic Gene

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In the mutualistic relationship between the squid Euprymna tasmanica and the biolumines-cent bacterium Vibrio fischeri, several host factors, including immune-related proteins, are known to interact and respond specifically and exclusively to the presence of the symbiont. In squid and octopus, the white body is considered to be an immune organ mainly due to the fact that blood cells, or hemocytes, are known to be present in high numbers and in dif-ferent developmental stages. Hence, the white body has been described as the site of he-matopoiesis in cephalopods. However, to our knowledge, there are no studies showing any molecular evidence of such functions. In this study, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of white body tissue of the Southern dumpling squid, E. tasmanica. Our primary goal was to gain insights into the functions of this tissue and to test for the presence of gene transcripts associated with hematopoietic and immune processes. Several hematopoiesis genes in-cluding CPSF1, GATA 2, TFIID, and FGFR2 were found to be expressed in the white body. In addition, transcripts associated with immune-related signal transduction pathways, such as the toll-like receptor/NF-κβ, and MAPK pathways were also found, as well as other im-
Parallel local adaptation to an alpine environment in Arabidopsis arenosa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Parallel local adaptation, that is, when distinct genetic lineages independently adapt to the same selective environment, provides strong evidence for the action of natural selection. A few cases of parallel local adaptation were reported in plants but underlying mechanisms promoting or preventing the parallel response, such as the balance between migration and selection, were rarely quantified. Here, we conducted a transplant experiment to test whether distinct foothill–alpine population pairs of Arabidopsis arenosa exhibited similar adaptive responses to a contrasting alpine environment. We further investigated selection and migration patterns in these populations. Seedlings of 16 foothill and alpine populations of A. arenosa from four distinct mountain regions (one occupied by diploid and three by tetraploid populations) were transplanted into one low‐ and one high‐elevation site. We recorded fitness proxies over two growing seasons to test whether the elevation‐of‐origin advantage was manifested in the same way across the four regions of origin. Then, we quantified the strength of selection on the traits at each transplantation site and used coalescent simulations to estimate past gene flow intensity between each pair of foothill and alpine populations in each region. We demonstrated that the four pairs of populations exhibited similar adaptive responses to elevation difference in terms of survival, number of flowering plants, stem height and accumulation of above‐ground dry biomass; the other traits (rosette size, number of leaves, stems and flowers) exhibited rather regional‐specific patterns. In addition, we found minor effects of ploidy level on the fitness proxies recorded. Our selection and migration analysis revealed that parallel local adaptation was probably achieved by differential selective pressure at low versus high elevation in combination with lack or limited gene flow between foothill and alpine populations. Synthesis . We show that the previously documented strong morphological and genetic distinctness of alpine A. arenosa compared to their foothill counterparts, which has been hypothesized to be driven by natural selection, is indeed mirrored in fitness differences consistent with parallel local adaptation. Our results provide experimental support for the repeatability of adaptive evolution and highlight the prominent role of divergent selection.
Real-time Grasp Affordance Detection of Unknown Object for Robot-Human Interaction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

By using a combination of vision and depth map sensors, this paper aims at detecting the real-time affordability of gripping pose for hand-over object behavior in robot-human interaction. The affordance detection will serve a set of seven-dimension gripping information (3D location, 3D Rotation, and gripping size). Moreover, the novelty is that the goal has to consider gripping behavior of the receiver. Therefore, the result of the proposed method discusses the gripping location of the robot and the estimation of the receivers gripping location. Technically, desired objects detection is computed using a computer vision algorithm. After that, from the depth information, the topological map will be generated using the proposed dynamic density growing neural gas. The density topological structure will be focusing on the desired object. With the topological map information and robot gripper embodiment, the possible gripping position is computed based on the inlier-outlier method. Ranking information in every detected gripping is also considered for classifying from the best and the worst gripping position. Experimental results showed that the proposed work capable of detecting the affordance with a gripping recommendation in real-time with a low computational cost.
Design, analysis, optimization and control of rotor tip flows

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Developments in turbomachinery focus on efficiency and reliability enhancements, while reducing the production costs. In spite of the many noteworthy experimental and numerical investigations over the past decades, the turbine tip design presents numerous challenges to the engine manufacturers, and remains the primary factor defining the machine durability for the periodic removal of the turbine components during overhaul. Due to the hot gases coming from the upstream combustion chamber, the turbine blades are subjected to temperatures far above the metal creep temperature, combined with severe thermal stresses induced within the blade material. Inadequate designs cause early tip burnouts leading to considerable performance degradations, or even a catastrophic turbine failure. Moreover, the leakage spillage, nowadays often exceeding the transonic regime, generates large aerodynamic penalties which are responsible for about one third of the turbine losses. In this view, the current doctoral research exploits the potential through the modification and optimization of the blade tip shape as a means to control the tip leakage flow aerodynamics and manage the heat load distribution over the blade profile to improve the turbine efficiency and durability.
Identifying Water Thickness in Various Layers in PEMFCs through EIS and X-ray Radiography

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to understand the detailed relationship between liquid water presence and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance, diagnostic tools which offer an accurate measure of liquid water in the fuel cell during operation are required. This work presents electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and synchrotron X-ray radiography for studying this liquid water/performance relationship. X-ray radiography was applied in the through-plane direction of the cell, and by using the Beer-Lambert law, liquid water was quantified in the anode and cathode flow channels, gas diffusion layers (GDLs), microporous layers (MPLs), and membrane electrode assembly (MEA). EIS was used as a non-invasive diagnostic tool in quantifying the equivalent resistances of the fuel cell. This paper presents studies of water thickness in various layers of the fuel cell during EIS measurements and demonstrates the role of the water thickness of each layer in the overall mass transport resistance of the fuel cell. The fuel cells analyzed have two varying MPL thicknesses at increasing constant current densities. Nyquist plots will be discussed with relation to amount of liquid water visualized.
Exact ground state of the Lieb-Mattis Hamiltonian as a superposition of Néel states

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We show that the exact ground state of the Lieb-Mattis Hamiltonian is an equal-weight superposition of all possible classical Néel states, and provide an exact formulation of this superposition in the z-spin basis for both S=1/2 and general S using Schwinger bosons. In general, a superposition of possible rotations on a general initial state is symmetric if and only if the initial state has a nonzero overlap with a singlet state and is otherwise made up of states that vanish due to the symmetrization. Most notably, |s,m=0〉 states will vanish if symmetrized, which explains how a superposition of Néel states projects onto its singlet component.
Littoral cell angioma: diagnosis by image-guided biopsy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of littoral cell angioma (LCA) diagnosed by percutaneous core needle biopsy during the workup of a patient with multiple splenic lesions. Splenectomy was not performed. The patient has remained asymptomatic during 4 years of follow-up. Our findings raise interesting questions about the feasibility of core needle biopsy for the diagnosis of LCA. Clinicians should be aware of LCA as an unusual benign entity in the differential diagnosis of multiple splenic lesions.
Electrical properties of individual cells isolated from adult rat ventricular myocardium.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. Individual cells were isolated from adult rats ventricular myocardium by a collagenase digestion procedure. 2. Steady membrane potentials recorded with conventional intracellular glass micro‐electrodes from cells in a modified Krebs solution containing 3 . 8 mM‐KCl and 0 . 5 mM‐CaCl2 were less negative than ‐40 mV in most cells (‐25 . 3 +/‐ 10 . 9 mV, mean +/‐ S.D., 211 cells). 3. After addition of the potassium selective ionophore valinomycin (60 nM) to the bathing solution all recorded membrane potentials were more negative than ‐60 mV (‐74 . 8 +/‐ 7 . 0 mV, sixty‐three cells). 4. The internal concentration of potassium in the cells was determined as 120 . 8 +/‐ 1 . 7 mM (+/‐ S.E., n = 24) by flame emission spectrometry after centrifugation through silicone oil, using tritiated water and D‐[1‐14C] mannitol to estimate total and extracellular water in the pellet. 5. In the majority of cells in the standard solution the membrane potential recorded within a few msec of penetration was more negative than ‐70 mV (‐78 . 4 +/‐ 9 . 7 mV, seventy‐three cells). In sixty‐six cells penetration initiated an action potential which overshot zero by 31 . 3 +/‐ 7 . 1 mV. This overshoot was abolished by reducing the external sodium to 0 . 1 of the normal value, and reduced or abolished by addition of tetrodotoxin (30 microM). 6. Modifications of the standard bathing solution which increased the number of cells with steady recorded membrane potentials more negative than ‐60 mV were: isosmotic substitution of sucrose for NaCl; replacement of NaCl and KCl by sodium isethionate and potassium methyl sulphate; addition of 5 or 10 mM‐CaCl2; addition of 10 mM‐MnCl2. 7. For cells in solution containing 2 . 5 or 5 . 5 mM‐CaCl2, input resistances estimated from the amplitude of hyperpolarizations evoked by 200 msec current pulses were approximately 40 M omega at a resting potential close to ‐80 mV and became much greater as cells were depolarized. Time constants measured at the resting potential were approximately 8 msec. 8. In certain conditions, repeated spontaneous action potentials were recorded from contracting cells, and in quiescent cells evoked action potentials could be initiated by applying brief depolarizing pulses through the micro‐electrode. Action potentials were coincident with contractions. 9. It is concluded that the resting potential of these isolated cells is normally more negative than ‐70 mV, and that the cells retain the ionic mechanisms necessary for the generation of active currents.
Influence of climate change on agricultural land-use potential: adapting and updating the land capability system for Scotland

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Land capability systems have been designed to evaluate and communicate biophysical constraints on land use, including climatic limitations. By grading land quality, the resulting information is particularly relevant for planners and managers, and for land valuation. Higher-grade land is more flexible and has more options for land use. Using Scotland as a case study, a widely-used land capability system was adapted to investigate the influence of recent and future climate change on land-use potential. The adapted method was applied to both interpolated gridded weather station data and to future climate change scenarios derived from the HadRM3 climate model. At a national scale, differing regional patterns of land capability were recognised, with changes in these patterns occurring in recent decades and projected to occur on a more substantial scale into the future. In general, climate change is acting to enhance land-use potential in Scotland, mainly in the drier east, while the west remains constrained by its wetter climate. These results demonstrate the key control directed by soil moisture values on land-use options, in addition to temperature change. Shifts in land-use potential have implications for both strategic resource planning and for developing anticipatory climate change adaptation actions. The land capability assessment highlights not only potential changes in agriculture and other productive land uses, but also repercussions for biodiversity and terrestrial carbon stocks. Various amendments are suggested to the land capability procedures to reflect existing or emerging climate-related issues that were not considered necessary in the original system, notably excessive soil moisture deficits.
Importance of determination of macro and micro elements in wine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The content of macro and micro elements in grapes, must and wine depends on several factors such as vine cultivar, quality and ripeness of grapes, soil composition, climate and technology, It is considered that there is a positive correlation between the content of macro and micro elements in the wine and sensory properties of wine. Their presence can be regarded as one of the factors in wine authenticity evaluation. Since macro and micro elements take part in biochemical processes of live cell, they attract the attention of nutritionists.
The Impact of Credit on Economic Growth in the Global Crisis Context

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Is there a connection between credit and economic growth in the present economic context? Credit was one of the factors which triggered the global crisis, thus, in the present paper we attempt to show whether there is a connection between credit and economic growth, the economy being unable to develop in the absence of credit. With the aid of a statistic software we have tried to determine the supposed existence of a connection between the GDP, credits offered to public administration and credits offered to households. The results of the analysis show that credits offered to households contribute to a greater extent to the formation of the GDP than credits offered to public administration.
G ass, W illiam H .

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

William H. Gass is an acclaimed essayist, novelist, and short fiction writer. His writing ideal – “Write so as to become primary” – denotes the special quality of all of his texts (2006, 33). His work can superficially be classified according to the categories mentioned above, but they tacitly erode all genres from within. Unremittingly following Ezra Pound's modernist philosophical rule to “make it new,” Gass describes himself as a late modernist; founded upon a radical formalist aesthetic, his work contests much in the postmodern worldview, including many of its anti‐formal assumptions.
Prompts for eco-social transformation: What environmental education can learn from transformative design

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper seeks to bring together two seemingly disparate conversations, design and environmental education, with the intent to offer an interesting, new, useful approach to developing educational responses to the climate and ecological crises engendered by the Capitalocene. Beginning with observations on the relevance of design to the creation of alternative futures, we outline results from a six-person year-long research project that led us to identify six principles for guiding eco-social-cultural change: all my relations, abundant time, mystery/unknowability, embeddedness/integration, ancient futures, and (re)creative dissonance. We situate this work within transformative orientations to design, which are shown to parallel critical threads in the environmental education literature. We then extend, rework, and reimagine the six principles by suggesting how they can serve as prompts to assist environmental educators to reexamine and move beyond problematic norms of the Capitalocene in their thinking and practice.