jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
NNLO+PS predictions for Higgs production via bottom annihilation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on the implementation of a new NNLO+PS event generator for the Higgs production via bottom annihilation using the MiNNLOPS method in the POWHEG framework. The calculation has been carried out in the five flavour scheme (5FS), where the bottom mass is neglected. We compare our results against fixed-order predictions at NNLO as well as resummed predictions at next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy. We also present a preliminary study in the four flavour scheme (4FS) setup, achieving a new level of precision in the massive scheme.
Wood-Polymer Composites from Tropical Hardwoods I. WPC Properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Wood-polymer composites (WPC) of 13 different Malaysian tropical hardwoods and 10 vinyl monomers and mixtures of monomers were prepared by in situ polymerisation using gamma radiation or the catalyst-heat treatment. The polymer loading achievable was found to be dependent on the wood species and the nature of the impregnated monomer. Low loadings were observed for the heavy hardwoods and for vinylidene chloride monomer. WPC showed improvement in termite and fungal resistance, dimensional stability and mechanical properties such as hardness, compression and static bending strengths. Thermal conductivities of WPC were found to be lower than the respective wood. From crib tests and oxygen indices, vinylidene chloride, bis(2-chloroethyl) vinyl phosphanate and bis (chloropropyl)-2-propene phosphonate were found to impart flame retarding properties to the WPC prepared. The dielectric constants of most of the WPC were marginally lower than that for the untreated wood.
Review of the Year's Publication for 2007: Social Justice Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Adultism is distinguished from ageism in that adultism is associated with “behaviors and attitudes based on the assumption that adults are better than young people, and entitled to act upon young people without their agreement” (Bell, 2007 Bell, J. 2007. Understanding adultism A key to developing positive youth-adult relationships Retrieved August 5, 2008, from http://freechild.org/bell.htm [Google Scholar], P 2).
Developmental regulation of the multiple myogenic cell lineages of the avian embryo.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The developmental regulation of myoblasts committed to fast, mixed fast/slow, and slow myogenic cell lineages was determined by analyzing myotube formation in high density and clonal cultures of myoblasts isolated from chicken and quail embryos of different ages. To identify cells of different myogenic lineages, myotubes were analyzed for content of fast and slow classes of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms by immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting using specific monoclonal antibodies. Myoblasts from the hindlimb bud, forelimb bud, trunk, and pectoral regions of the early chicken embryo and hindlimb bud of the early quail embryo (days 3-6 in ovo) were committed to three distinct lineages with 60-90% of the myoblasts in the fast lineage, 10-40% in the mixed fast/slow lineage, and 0-3% in the slow lineage depending on the age and species of the myoblast donor. In contrast, 99-100% of the myoblasts in the later embryos (days 9-12 in ovo) were in the fast lineage. Serial subculturing from a single myoblast demonstrated that commitment to a particular lineage was stably inherited for over 30 cell doublings. When myoblasts from embryos of the same age were cultured, the percentage of muscle colonies of the fast, fast/slow, and slow types that formed in clonal cultures was the same as the percentage of myotubes of each of these types that formed in high density cultures, indicating that intercellular contact between myoblasts of different lineages did not affect the type of myotube formed. An analysis in vivo showed that three types of primary myotubes--fast, fast/slow, and slow--were also found in the chicken thigh at day 7 in ovo and that synthesis of both the fast and slow classes of MHC isoforms was concomitant with the formation of primary myotubes. On the basis of these results, we propose that in the avian embryo, there is an early phase of muscle fiber formation in which primary myotubes with differing MHC contents are formed from myoblasts committed to three intrinsically different primary myogenic lineages independent of innervation and a later phase in which secondary myotubes are formed from myoblasts in a single, secondary myogenic lineage with maturation and maintenance of fiber diversity dependent on innervation.
Multi-Robot Indoor Environment Map Building Based on Multi-Stage Optimization Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For a multi-robot system, the accurate global map building based on a local map obtained by a single robot is an essential issue. The map building process is always divided into three stages: single-robot map acquisition, multi-robot map transmission, and multi-robot map merging. Based on the different stages of map building, this paper proposes a multi-stage optimization (MSO) method to improve the accuracy of the global map. In the map acquisition stage, we windowed the map based on the position of the robot to obtain the local map. Furthermore, we adopted the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to improve the positioning accuracy, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the map acquisition by the single robot. In the map transmission stage, considering the robustness of the multi-robot system in the real environment, we designed a dynamic self-organized communication topology (DSCT) based on the master and slave sketch to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of map transferring. In the map merging stage, multi-layer information filtering (MLIF) was investigated to increase the accuracy of the global map. We performed simulation experiments on the Gazebo platform and compared the result of the proposed method with that of classic map building methods. In addition, the practicability of this method has been verified on the Turtlebot3 burger robot. Experimental results proved that the MSO method improves the accuracy of the global map built by the multi-robot system.
Oral transmission and early lymphoid tropism of chronic wasting disease PrPres in mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus )

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Mule deer fawns ( Odocoileus hemionus ) were inoculated orally with a brain homogenate prepared from mule deer with naturally occurring chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion-induced transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Fawns were necropsied and examined for PrP res , the abnormal prion protein isoform, at 10, 42, 53, 77, 78 and 80 days post-inoculation (p.i.) using an immunohistochemistry assay modified to enhance sensitivity. PrP res was detected in alimentary-tract-associated lymphoid tissues (one or more of the following: retropharyngeal lymph node, tonsil, Peyer’s patch and ileocaecal lymph node) as early as 42 days p.i. and in all fawns examined thereafter (53 to 80 days p.i.). No PrP res staining was detected in lymphoid tissue of three control fawns receiving a control brain inoculum, nor was PrP res detectable in neural tissue of any fawn. PrP res -specific staining was markedly enhanced by sequential tissue treatment with formic acid, proteinase K and hydrated autoclaving prior to immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody F89/160.1.5. These results indicate that CWD PrP res can be detected in lymphoid tissues draining the alimentary tract within a few weeks after oral exposure to infectious prions and may reflect the initial pathway of CWD infection in deer. The rapid infection of deer fawns following exposure by the most plausible natural route is consistent with the efficient horizontal transmission of CWD in nature and enables accelerated studies of transmission and pathogenesis in the native species.
Green Manure-Based Nitrogen Management in Rice and Zero Tillage in Succeeding Toria and Sweet Corn Sustain System Yield and Soil Quality in Eastern India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rice-based cropping systems are the predominant sources of livelihood for farmers in South Asia, where soil quality decline is a major concern. An experiment was conducted at Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. It comprised two rice cultivars, ‘Manaswini’ (M) and ‘Hasanta’ (H), and three nitrogen management practices—100% soil test-based nitrogen (STN) (N100), 75% STN + in situ green manuring (Sesbania) (N75+GM), and 50% STN + green manuring (N50+GM)—in the main plot. Meanwhile, sub-plots consisted of three tillage methods for succeeding toria–sweet corn, namely zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT), and a furrow-irrigated raised bed (FIRB). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four replications to assess system nutrient uptake, productivity, and soil quality. Both rice cultivars were equal in terms of system nutrient uptake. The N75+GM practice recorded the highest system NPK uptake (304.1, 70.34, and 343.5 kg ha−1, respectively), enhancing the system N uptake by 10.7 and 7.4%, P uptake by 18.8 and 12.2%, and K uptake by 9.8 and 9.6% over N100 and N50+GM, respectively. ZT recorded the highest system NPK uptake (299.9, 70.6, and 339.7 kg ha−1, respectively). The most promising treatments, M+(N75+GM)-ZT and H+(N75+GM)-ZT, recorded the maximum system economic yield (10.72 and 10.64 t ha−1), residue yield (22.36 and 21.98 t ha−1), biological yield (33.07 and 32.63 t ha−1), and relative soil quality index (0.84 and 0.91). Correlation and principal component analyses exhibited positive and close relationships between all biological yield and soil quality parameters, except for micro water-stable aggregates, the fungal population, and the bulk density. The application of N75+GM in M or H rice and ZT in succeeding toria–sweet corn can sustain productivity and soil quality in Eastern India.
Conditional Optimization of Single Cell Protein Production from Crude Oil by &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt;

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was carried out to investigate the possible biodegradation of crude oil as a carbon by the bacterium &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; isolated from marine environment (Ras El-Menkar- Benghazi- Libya) using basal yeast extract protease peptone-3 (BYP) enriched medium. The isolated bacterium was identified and characterized according to its cultural condition and microbial biochemical properties. Different experiments were developed throughout this study to stimulate bacterial growth and production of single cell protein (SCP). The results show that the optimal concentration of crude oil as a carbon source for the highest bacterial growth (1.14g/l), and production of SCP (0.65g/l; 57.02% of the biomass dry weight) was 1%. This was required to utilize up to 50.6% of oil as a carbon source. As to the nitrogen source, the optimal concentration of ammonium chloride was 0.1%, in which the bacterial growth and SCP production increased to 1.23 g/l and 0.67 g/l respectively. The stimulating effects of organic and inorganic factors on the bacterial growth and SCP production was also tested. Addition of inorganic nutrients such as potassium phosphate (0.05%), magnesium sulphate (0.01%), and organic nutrient in the form of yeast extract (0.1%) to the fermentation medium slightly promoted the bacterial growth which reflected positively on SCP production and the percentage of the consumed crude oil, (&gt;57%) at final pH value of 8.0. The obtained results indicated that the isolated&lt;i&gt; Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; posses the ability to utilize the crude oil and use it as a carbon for bacterial growth and production of SCP.
The relationship between the Environmental Agenda in Public Administration (A3P) and the environmental awareness of civil servants

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article aimed to identify the perceived influences of the thematic axes of the Environmental Agenda in Public Administration (A3P) on the environmental awareness of public servants. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the 414 responses from public servants from an entity in the justice sector that adhered to the A3P agenda. The results show that only the axes of awareness and training of employees and sustainable bidding at A3P were not statistically significant. On the other hand, the axes of rational use of natural resources and public goods, adequate management of waste generated, quality of life in the work environment, and sustainable constructions positively and statistically significantly affect the environmental awareness of employees. Additionally, it was found that when the control variables (age, type of activity, and time of organization) were inserted into the model, there were some significant changes, proving that the older the age and the longer the organization, the greater the perceptions of the importance of A3P practices and actions. This study concludes that it is important that individuals at the organizational level are also imbued with actions and practices aimed at achieving the objectives of the 2030 Agenda.
MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY - CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTEWATER FROM PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Aim. Оssessment of wastewater from a pharmaceutical company according to sanitary-microbiological and chemical indicators to determine the method of treatment and remediation of them from pollutants and pathogens. Methods. In sanitary and bacteriological studies, classical microbiological methods were used to determine the total microbial number of pathogenic bacteria. Determination of the concentration of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate in wastewater samples from a pharmaceutical company was carried out spectrophotometrically using the chemical reaction of ions to Nessler's reagent, Griss reagent, and phenol sulfide acid. The content of heavy metal ions was determined by the method of electrothermal AAS using the device "Saturn-2", by the photometric method using 4-aminoantipyrine – phenol, by the extraction-photometric method – by surfactants, by the method of infrared spectrometry – by petroleum hydrocarbons. Results. It was experimentally confirmed that the total microbial count in wastewater samples from a pharmaceutical company slightly exceeded the standard value. The BGKP index and the E. coli index were within the normal range. The pathogenic bacteria Salmonella moscow and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found in the wastewater of pharmaceutical company. The contamination of pharmaceutical stock can be judged by the 8.5 times excess of the concentration of ammonium ions in them compared to the MPC. The results of chemical analysis of wastewater samples from a pharmaceutical company indicate their multicomponent composition.Of the heavy metal ions, ions of zinc, copper, lead, hexavalent chromium and cadmium were mainly detected. With the exception of cadmium ions, the concentration of heavy metal ions was 1.4–7.2 times higher than the MPC norm. Anionic surfactants predominated in pharmaceutical stocks – their concentration was 8.2 ± 0.7 mg/dm3. The level of phenolic and oil pollution of wastewater was minimal in comparison with the content of anionic surfactants, which could be caused by the activity of aboriginal strains of bacteria-destructors with a high phenolic capacity. Conclusion. The results of sanitary-microbiological and chemical analysis of wastewaters of a pharmaceutical company indicate their multicomponent nature and environmental hazard – they contain pathogenic bacteria Salmonella moscow and Klebsiella pneumoniae and pollutants of various nature: heavy metal ions Cu (II), Cr (VI) and Pb (II) at a concentration of 36.0 ± 14 μg/dm3, 3.0 ± 0.4 μg/dm3 and 14.0 ± 0.7 μg/dm3, respectively, and organic pollutants – phenol, oil products and anionic surfactants at a concentration of 0.003 ± 0.0006 mg/dm3, 0.81 ± 0.05 mg/dm3 and 8.2 ± 0.7 mg/dm3, respectively. Werecommend to carry out a comprehensive purification of wastewater from a pharmaceutical company from phenol, heavy metal ions [Cu (II), Cr (VI), Zn (II)], oil products, anionic surfactants and pathogens.
Building adaptive and flexible individual-based ecological models for a changing world via pattern-guided evolution

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In a changing world, ecologists have an important role in examining the impacts of environmental changes, and formulating strategies for adapting to these changes, such as engineering sustainable ecosystems that are integrated with human society. Some ecological models supporting these processes need to model species' adaptive responses to changing conditions. Individual-based models (IBMs) can be used to simulate intergenerational adaptation by implementing model organisms parameterized with structures analogous to genetic chromosomes. IBMs may be calibrated and validated using the pattern-oriented approach, in which model outputs are compared to field data patterns, generally at the end of each simulation. In some circumstances this approach may be limited and computationally expensive when applied to IBMs with adaptive mechanisms. This research explores an approach for using field data patterns, obtained from published research, to guide the evolution of model organisms within each model simulation. An adaptive IBM of an old-field ecosystem consisting of spiders, grasshoppers and plants was constructed using Repast Simphony to demonstrate the approach. The approach produced persistent ecosystem simulations matching aspects of field data patterns, and yielded populations of virtual organisms with phenotypic diversity. The approach produces flexible IBMs and may contribute towards improving model and data sharing within the ecological modelling community.
Do Women With Breast Cancer Who Choose Adjunctive Integrative Oncology Care Receive Different Standard Oncologic Treatment?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To determine if women with breast cancer who choose adjunctive naturopathic oncology (NO) specialty care receive different standard oncologic treatment when compared with breast cancer patients who receive only standard care. Participants: Women with breast cancer stages 0 to 4, aged 18+ who spoke English and sought care from outpatient naturopathic doctor clinics were enrolled in an observational study of clinical and quality of life outcomes. Women who sought NO care 2 or more times within the first 2 years postdiagnosis were identified as NO cases. A matched comparison group of breast cancer patients were identified using the Western Washington Cancer Surveillance System(CSS). Methods: A longitudinal cohort design. In addition to self-report data, the CSS provided data on demographics, stage at the time of diagnosis, and initial treatment. Oncology medical records were abstracted in order to provide additional information on standard oncologic treatment for all participants. Results: Cohorts were well matched with regard to demographic, histologic, and prognostic indicators at the time of diagnosis. Approximately 70% of women in both cohorts received standard oncologic care that met the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. There were no statistically significant differences between the cohorts in treatment received. Fewer women in the NO cohort with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer appear to have received antiestrogen therapy. Conclusions: Women in both cohorts appear to receive guideline-concordant care. However, women who receive adjunctive NO care may be less likely to receive antiestrogen therapy.
Adiabatic theorem without a gap condition: Two-level system coupled to quantized radiation field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We prove an adiabatic theorem for the ground state of the Dicke model in a\nslowly rotating magnetic field and show that for weak electron-photon coupling,\nthe adiabatic time scale is close to the time scale of the corresponding two\nlevel system--without the quantized radiation field. There is a correction to\nthis time scale which is the Lamb shift of the model. The photon field affect\nthe rate of approach to the adiabatic limit through a logarithmic correction\noriginating from an infrared singularity characteristic of QED.\n
Development of interactive teaching and learning module (normal stress in beams)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report details the process of developing a program which serves as a learning aid for students who are studying Mechanics of Materials (MOM). This program provides students with information on how to calculate normal stress due to bending of the bending of the beams. This program consists of theories, tutorials and helpdesk. Firstly, theories are taken from textbooks and lecture notes. Theories in the program are simplified for students to better understand the topic. It is separated into three sections. They are “Shear force and bending moment”, “First and Second Moment of Area” and “Bending theory”. Audio is also attached to the theories to provide the student with an online lecture. Secondly, tutorials are also taken from textbooks and lecture notes. Students have to attempt the tutorials to further their understanding in the topic. Thirdly, helpdesk is included in the program for students to check their answers. Students will only need to choose the cross sectional area of the beam, beam configuration and insert various values needed into the program. The final answer of normal stress will be automatically calculated and displayed on the screen.
Plant Disease Classification Using Two Pathway Encoder GAN Data Generation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Deep learning is used to mitigate plant disease in early stages. Improving training sample size, feature distribution and overall sample quality impacted deep learning models correctness. In this work we proposed a generic plant disease recognition architecture with a two path way Encoder GAN data generation network. This network incorporated conditional sample generation and conditional reconstruction tasks that enabled the generation of unseen data feature. Using the tomato samples extracted from PlantVillage dataset, we were able to efficiently generate plausible images that boosted plant disease recognition. We tested the performance of our approach on popular CNN architectures such as ResNet50, GoogLeNet, VGG19 and AlexNet. The experiment result proved that the approach achieved good result both in terms of generation quality and plant disease classification performance compared to existing state of the art works. Therefore, our proposed architecture is a robust candidate for plant disease recognition.
Zusammenhang (Nexus)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The lexeme Zusammenhang (nexus) was introduced into philosophy by the German rationalists, who conceived of the world as a multiplicity of independent substances coordinated in a system of pre-established harmony. In his critique of these metaphysicians, Kant insisted that things hang together in not one but two ways—as an aggregate of a posteriorisense data, or as a system of a priori concepts—and that these two nexus are separated by an epistemological chasm. This entry proposes that Goethe’s nexus concept recovers the middle term excluded by Kant’s binary distinction and that this middle term plays a key role in both his scientific and literary writings, including the Hefte zur Morphologie (1817-1824; Notebooks on Morphology), Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre (1795-96; Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship), and Die Wahlverwandtschaften (1809; Elective Affinities). By comparing Goethe’s theoretical use of the nexus concept with his literary use of the nexus motif, this entry articulates a relation of part to whole that displays more coherence than a mere aggregate, yet is more dynamic than an absolute system.