jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, Etiology, and Risk Factors Associated with Occurrence of Canine Cutaneous Myiasis in Kitui County, Kenya

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Myiasis is the infestation of living tissues of animals with dipterous larvae. In Africa, Cordylobia species (C. anthropophaga, C. rodhaini, and C. ruandae) and Dermatobia hominis are reported as the principal cause of nonmigratory cutaneous myiasis of domestic animals. None of these have been reported in dogs in Kenya. A cross-sectional study was conducted in eight subcounties of Kitui County, Kenya, from March to August 2021 to estimate the prevalence, risk factors, and etiological agents associated with canine cutaneous myiasis (CCM). A questionnaire was administered to dog owners to collect information on CCM risk factors. A total of 400 dogs were physically examined and larvae collected from myiasis skin lesions and preserved in 70% ethanol, taken to the laboratory, processed and identified using parasitological morphological features. Live larvae were incubated and emerging adults were captured and identified. The overall prevalence of CCM was 45% (180/400) (95% confidence interval: 40.0–50.0%). A total of 434 larvae were collected from 180 dogs infested with cutaneous myiasis. All larvae (100%) were identified as C. anthropophaga and hatched adults were “tumbu” flies. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of CCM at 95% confidence interval among different age and sex groups ( p > 0.05 ), although puppies (<6 months) appeared more affected. The highest prevalence of myiasis was in Kitui Central at 65% (95% confidence interval: 51.6–76.9%), Mwingi North at 52.5% (95% confidence interval: 36.1–68.4%), Kitui South at 48.5% (95% confidence interval: 31.5–63.9%), Kitui Rural at 40% (95% confidence interval: 27.6–53.5%), Mwingi Central at 40% (95% confidence interval: 24.9–56.7%), Mwingi West at 40% (95% confidence interval: 24.9–56.7%), Kitui West at 38.3% (95% confidence interval: 26.1–51.8%), and Kitui East subcounty at 36.7% (95% confidence interval: 24.6–50.1%). Lack of housing, housing structures, and dog living area environmental hygiene were the main risk factors associated with the occurrence of CCM ( p < 0.05 ). The CCM occurrence was significantly different among breeds ( p < 0.05 ). Cordylobia anthropophaga larvae were the etiological agent of CCM in Kitui County. There is a need for improved dog housing and hygiene measures to prevent the occurrence of CCM, and affected dogs should be treated to prevent the spread of CCM among the dogs.
The Use of Fruits and Seeds by Ants in the Atlantic Forest of Southeast Brazil1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Given the abundance of litter‐foraging ants and fallen fleshy diaspores on the floor of tropical forests, interactions involving them should be common and may render important consequences for the biology of the diaspores. In this study, we surveyed the interactions between ants and non‐myrmecochorous diaspores along a 5‐km transect in a lowland Atlantic rain forest of southeast Brazil. A diaspore is defined as any seed, fruit, or infructescence that constitutes the unit of dispersal of the plant. During two years of monthly samplings of naturally fallen diaspores, 886 ant– diaspore interactions involving 36 ant species and 56 different species of diaspores (range = 0.05–29.5 g) were recorded. The number of interactions was significantly and positively correlated with rainfall but not with mean temperature. The number of ant species recorded in the interactions was positively associated with both rainfall and temperature. Lipid‐rich diaspores attracted a larger ant assemblage than those with lower contents of lipids. The seasonal pattern for ant‐diaspore interactions in the Atlantic rain forest is predicted by well known seasonal patterns in ant activity and diaspore production. Other factors that also may affect the observed pattern are the massive and episodic fruiting of some plant species in which diaspores are especially attractive to ants, and a preference for lipid‐rich arillate seeds. Interactions between ants and fallen non‐myrmecochorous diaspores may be especially common in lowland rain forests in which the abundance of ants is coupled with the year‐round availability of fleshy diaspores.
Amateur dubbing and humour to promote well-being among hospitalised children and adolescents

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Dubbing has always been an expensive and time-consuming mode of Audiovisual Translation (AVT) because of the complex processes it entails and the many professionals it requires. However, advances in technology have allowed dubbing to become easier and more cost-effective. Nowadays, computer software available on any personal computer can be used to create home-made dubbed versions of any audiovisual content. Nonetheless, thus far amateur dubbing has mostly been aimed at offering content that was unavailable on the mainstream market (fandubbing) or at parodying people and/or situations (fundubbing). This study focuses instead on an innovative pilot project carried out at Meyer Children's Hospital in Florence, Italy, which promotes the use of non-professional dubbing to foster well-being among children and adolescents who have to cope with illness while staying in hospital. Amateur dubbing can invest participants with an active role, putting them at the centre of the dubbing process to experience positive emotions via humour and a host of images and characters. The present work explains the project's systematic organisation and implementation, along with the technical and linguistic challenges it involves. Although in its infancy, this project appears to offer promising opportunities for replicability.
The roles of curcumin in regulating the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (Review)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cancer is a harmful threat to human health. In addition to surgery, a variety of anticancer drugs are increasingly used in cancer therapy; however, despite the developments in multimodality treatment, the morbidity and mortality of patients with cancer patients are on the increase. The tumor-specific immunosuppressive microenvironment serves an important function in tumor tolerance and escape from immune surveillance leading to tumor progression. Therefore, identifying new drugs or foods that can enhance the tumor immune response is critical to develop improved cancer prevention methods and treatment. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound extracted from ginger, has been shown to effectively inhibit tumor growth, proliferation, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis in a variety of tumors. Recent studies have also indicated that curcumin can modulate the tumor immune response and remodel the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, indicating its potential in the immunotherapy of cancer. In this review, a brief introduction to the effects of curcumin on the tumor immune response and tumor immune microenvironment is provided and recent clinical trials investigating the potential of curcumin in cancer therapy are discussed.
Africa Encountered

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Professor Hair's aim here has been to explore the European written record for the history of Africa south of the Sahara. This effectively began with the arrival of the Portuguese on the Guinea coast and many of these articles focus on Sierra Leone; others extend the enquiry to southern Africa. One particular theme is the use of early vocabularies of African languages as a source for the history of local populations. At the same time, these studies help illuminate the European reaction to the peoples and the places they encountered.
The Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis For Transport Accessibility In Selected Regions Of The European Union

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In view of the significant differences between the socio-economic regions, the level of development of transport is not homogenous. According to Tobler’s law (1970) we can point out that all objects are related to each other, but the ones located closer are more dependent on each other than those farther away. Then we can identify the occurrence of spatial autocorrelation. For example, the European regions can assess whether the border regions of different countries show a similarity to each other. The main purpose of this article is to assess and analyze the occurrence of spatial autocorrelation in connection with the transport accessibility (measured by density of a motorway network). The general hypothesis is: between European regions, there is a positive spatial autocorrelation in connection with the problems of transport accessibility. Research subjects are selected European regions at NUTS level 2. To evaluate the occurrence of spatial autocorrelation the classic Moran I statistic has been used.
Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Most studies on the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) focus exclusively on women. Aims: To examine the internal consistency and convergent validity of the EDE-Q in Spanish undergraduate men and to compare the results with those obtained previously in college samples of Spanish women and American men. Methods: 269 college men, aged 18–30 years, answered the EDE-Q, Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2), and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Results: The four subscale scores and the global score of the EDE-Q achieved acceptable internal consistency (α ≥ .65), and evidence on convergent validity with EDI-2 and BSQ was obtained (r ≥ .41). Average scores, standard deviations, and percentile ranks for the raw EDE-Q subscales and data on the occurrence of binge eating and compensatory behaviors are presented. Most values were lower than those found in previous studies with Spanish undergraduate women and American undergraduate men. Discussion: Lower scores in EDE-Q subscales provide country differences between Spain and United States and support the existence of gender differences in eating disorders attitudes. These data should help clinicians and researchers to interpret the EDE-Q scores of college men in Spain.
Paul And The Late Middle Ages

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The canonical Paul of the Pastoral and the Petrine Epistles was by no means the only legitimate continuation of Paul's legacy. Recent work on the cultural setting of Paul's world and the early Christian apocryphal literature outside the New Testament has led to a further important insight. The search for an early veneration of Saint Paul at the places of his reported itinerary has yielded surprisingly little evidence. The entire story is told in the New Testament continuation of the popular work which was added to the Old Testament narration by Peter of Poitiers and was included in most manuscripts. A major new factor in the world of the 13th century was the rapid ascendancy of the mendicant orders, Franciscans and Dominicans, as the avant-garde of a renewal movement in the Church at large.Keywords: Dominicans; early Christian; New Testament; Peter; Saint Paul
Influence of rosiglitazone maleate on interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor α in patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe the influence of rosiglitazone maleate on IL-6 and TNFα in patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Thirty patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus were treated with rosiglitazone maleate in addition to the routine therapy.Fast plasma glucose,fast insulin,HbAlc,IL-6 and TNFα were measured before and after the treatment.Results After 3 months treatment of rosiglitazone maleate,the levels of IL-6 and TNFa were decreased obviously(P0.01)and the levels of fast plasma glucose,fast insulin and HbAlc were also decreased significantly(P0.01,P0.05),while the insulin sensitive index was increased(P0.05).Conclusion The use of rosiglitazone maleate not only can improve their glucose metabolism but also decrease the levels of some inflammatory markers.It may have some good effects on prognosis of the patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Factors Influencing the Healing of Maxillary Sinusitis of Endodontic Origin After Non-Surgical Endodontic Treatment

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to indicate factors influencing the healing of maxillary sinusitis of endodontic origin (MSEO) after non-surgical endodontic treatment. Methods: The study was performed retrospectively on medical records and CBCT data of 114 teeth in 114 patients, who were referred to endodontic treatment between 2016 and 2024, performed by the same operator and according to the same treatment protocol. Fifteen factors were chosen for their possible influence on the healing of MSEO. Results: The rate of the complete healing of MSEO after RCT was 76.32%. The healing of MSEO was higher when CHX was applied in the final irrigation protocol (p = 0.022) and was less likely when there was a flare-up in-between visits or after obturation of the canals (p = 0.002). MSEO was more likely to heal when a tooth was treated in two appointments than with single-visit RCT (p = 0.012). The number of endodontic interventions significantly influenced the healing of MSEO, as it was less likely to heal when there was more than one endodontic retreatment for a tooth (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this retrospective study, four factors significantly influenced the healing of MSEO, and these should be taken into consideration in obtaining treatment protocols for dental-induced sinusitis and the better assessment of the possible success of this non-invasive treatment approach.
Deep learning model for plant-leaf disease detection in precision agriculture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Crop disease in the agricultural is the main factor limiting yield and food quality. It requires timely diagnosis of crop illnesses for the better economy developing country. Manual crop illness assessment is limited due to lesser accuracy and restricted accessibility. It is very difficult to accurately identify and classify plant diseases due to corrupt in the data samples, lesser intensity of foreground and background, and the extreme similarity between unhealthy and healthy leaves in terms of colouring and size of crop leaves. Hence the employments of automated and computerised optimisations are needed. To identify plant leaf diseases, a DNSVM classification strategy fusing DenseNet-201 with support vector machine (SVM) is proposed in this work. Plant-Village dataset that provides good-variations, colour-differences, differences in orientation and size-of-leaves. Sugarcane plants-leaves were used for performance analysis of proposed model and obtained 97.78% of classification accuracy over the existing DenseNet-121-based classifier model (94%).
Comparison between Static Stretching Exercises and Eccentric Muscle Energy Techniques in Upper Cross Syndrome: Randomized control trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Neck pain is the most common complaint and Cervical pain is more common in middle-aged women than in males. The most prevalent reason for patients to seek medical attention is neck pain. Objective: To identify the effectiveness of stretching and muscle energy techniques along with mobilization of cervical segment in the management of upper cross syndrome.Methods: The randomized controlled experiment took place from August 2018 to January 2019 at Benazir Bhutto Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Centre in Pakistan (Rawalpindi) and included patients with upper cross syndrome that were randomly consigned to two equal groups using a lottery system. The Group-A patients management is eccentric muscular energy therapy with cervical segmental mobilization, although Group-B patients treatment protocol is static stretching exercises accompanied by segmental mobilization of cervical spine . Each patient received two sessions each week for three weeks, during which their visual analogue scale, and neck disability index were measured. An inclinometer was used to measure the cervical passive range of motion. Data was collected at the commencement of the study and again after three weeks of treatment. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data. Results: Twenty (20%) of the 40 individuals were in each of the two groups. The average age in Group-A was 42.7511.13 years. It remained 40.509.14 years in Group-B. On all metrics, the eccentric muscular energy technique and static stretching approach equally demonstrated substantial results that is P Value is less than 0.05.Conclusion: Both approaches were shown to be equally successful in lowering neck impairment, enhancing cervical range of motion, and decreasing pain
Speech Act Theory as an Evaluation Tool for Human–Agent Communication

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Effective communication in task-oriented situations requires high-level interactions. For human–agent collaboration, tasks need to be coordinated in a way that ensures mutual understanding. Speech Act Theory (SAT) aims to understand how utterances can be used to achieve actions. SAT consists of three components: locutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act. This paper evaluates the agent’s verbal communication while collaborating with humans. SAT was used to anatomize the structure of the agent’s speech acts (locutionary acts), the agent’s intention behind the speech acts (illocutionary acts), and the effects on the human’s mental state (perlocutionary acts). Moreover, this paper studies the impact of human perceptions of the agent’s speech acts on the perception of collaborative performance with the agent.
Neurotoxicant-induced inflammatory response in three-dimensional brain cell cultures

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Brain inflammatory response is triggered by the activation of microglial cells and astrocytes in response to various types of CNS injury, including neurotoxic insults. Its outcome is determined by cellular interactions, inflammatory mediators, as well as trophic and/or cytotoxic signals, and depends on many additional factors such as the intensity and duration of the insult, the extent of both the primary neuronal damage and glial reactivity and the developmental stage of the brain. Depending on particular circumstances, the brain inflammatory response can promote neuroprotection, regeneration or neurodegeneration. Glial reactivity, regarded as the central phenomenon of brain inflammation, has also been used as an early marker of neurotoxicity. To study the mechanisms underlying the glial reactivity, serum-free aggregating brain cell cultures were used as an in vitro model to test the effects of conventional neurotoxicants such as organophosphate pesticides, heavy metals, excitotoxins and mycotoxins. This approach was found to be relevant and justified by the complex cell—cell interactions involved in the brain inflammatory response, the variability of the glial reactions and the multitude of mediators involved. All these variables need to be considered for the elucidation of the specific cellular and molecular reactions and their consequences caused by a given chemical insult. Human & Experimental Toxicology (2007) 26, 339—346
Endoscopic Endonasal Aneurysm Clipping

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Modern innovations in vascular neurosurgery have allowed for safer and less invasive approaches to treat a wide range of pathologies. Intracranial aneurysms are formidable lesions with high morbidity and mortality rates associated with rupture. While endovascular approaches have significantly improved in the past decade, there are still indications for aneurysm clipping. The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) gives access to the skull base and its cisterns. In this paper, we review the use of the EEA for aneurysm clipping.
Synthesis and Structural Studies of Donor-Bridge-Acceptor Complexes Based on Co(III)(cyclam) Acetylides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Obtaining a greater understanding of photo-induced electron-transfer (PET) processes is key to synthesizing photovoltaic materials with enhanced efficiency. Gaining knowledge about the structure property relationship in photo-active donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) dyads will help to optimize electronic and photoelectronic materials. Metal acetylide complexes have attracted increasing interest for their potential applications as building blocks for electronic and photoelectronic materials. Their unique υ(C≡C) (2000-2100 cm-1) allows for selective excitation, making them an appealing target for attenuating PET processes across a metal acetylide backbone. The following topics will be discussed: i.) an overview of M(cyclam′) alkynyl chemistry, where M = Cr, Fe, Co, or Ni, with a focus on reactivity and spectroscopy, ii.) selective synthesis of dissymmetric species, utilizing a CoIII(cyclam) (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) alkynyl bridge, iii) synthesis and characterization of metal alkynyl D-B-A dyads trans- [R'2N-4-C6H4C2-CoIII(cyclam)-Cn-NAPR]+ (n = 2 or 4), where the chromophore acceptor is NAPiPr (N-isopropyl-1,8-napthalimide) and the putative donor is -C6H4-4-NR'2 (R' = Me or Ph-4-OMe), iv.) design and synthesis of D-B-A derivatives, alter NAPR (R = mesityl, methyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 2-ethylhexyl, or octyl) to tune reactivity and crystallinity, v.) electronic and spectroscopic influence the bridging center on A, and vi.) effect of η2 coordination of MX2 (MX2 = CuCl2 or Ag(NO3)2) to the alkyne bridge on electron transfer.
Chemical Modification of Spinach Ferredoxin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The acetylation of spinach ferredoxin by acetic anhydride modified about four moles of amino groups. The absorption spectra, CD spectra, the fluorescence of sole tryptophan residue and the biological activity of acetylated ferredoxin were investigated. An equilibrium existed between two different states, D- and N-form, of the acetylated ferredoxin and was dependent on the cation concentration. D-form completely reverted to N-form upon the binding of one mole of cation, Na+ or Mg2+. Although the N-form was indistinguishable from native ferredoxin in every property tested, the D-form was significantly different from the N-form or native ferredoxin and was very unstable, especially at low salt concentrations. It is suggested that the amino groups might be important in maintaining the protein conformation by forming salt linkages, but may not be essential for the activity. Furthermore, since the D-form, unlike the N-form and native ferredoxin, was inactive in the ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase [EC 1.6.7.1] assay system and had no inhibitory effect in this system, it was considered to be incapable of forming a complex with ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase. On the other hand, the N-form of the modified ferredoxin was as active as native ferredoxin. It is suggested that amino groups of spinach ferredoxin are not essential for the redox reaction of ferredoxin or for complex formation with the reductase.
Plan for sustainable development of collective public transportas a tool to shape the passenger transport market in Poland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A collective public transport becomes increasingly important as a factor in balancing the functioning of the various means of transport. The public transport can be carried out on Polish territory and in border areas, in road and rail transport, maritime transport and inland waterway. A plan for sustainable development of collective public transport is an instrument which determine a way how to perform a public transport in a certain area. A transport plan is an act of local law. It determines the rules of organization, operation and financing of regular passenger transport in the public transport by which is regarded as a tool to shape the passenger transport market in Poland