jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM SOLVING BASED ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDENT’S THINKING STYLE

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the ability to solve mathematical problems based on the characteristics of students' thinking style: Concrete Sequential (CS), Abstract Sequential (AS), Concrete Random (CR), and Abstract Random (AR). This research was carried out at one of the junior high schools in Tangerang, Indonesia. The subjects were 20 Year 7 students, with different thinking style. This research employed a qualitative approach. The instruments used are problem-solving tests and non-problem-solving tests on the characteristics of students' thinking style and a test of mathematical problem-solving ability accompanied by interview results. The data were analyzed descriptively to describe the test results of students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. The results showed that CS-type students could understand the problem in accordance with the indicators. Type AS students can understand but do not write the steps in detail. AR students are as well-understood but less thorough about their calculations. Meanwhile, CR students can understand only a few parts of problem-solving.
Dipaths of length at least double the minimum outdegree

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A special case of a conjecture by Thomassé is that any oriented graph with minimum outdegree k contains a dipath of length 2k. For the sake of proving whether or not a counterexample exists, we present reductions and establish bounds on both connectivity and the number of vertices in a counterexample. We further conjecture that in any oriented graph with minimum outdegree k, every vertex belongs to a dipath of length 2k.
Judith as a shop or Inn-sign

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Judith as a shop or Inn-sign Get access L. L. L. L. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 175, Issue 12, 17 September 1938, Page 209, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/175.12.209b Published: 17 September 1938
Peshgi Practices in Pakistan: Bridging the Gap with International Labor Standards

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research paper delves into the pressing issues of child labor and forced labor, focusing on their prevalence and legal frameworks in Pakistan. The paper begins by examining "Peshgi," a prevalent form of child labor in Pakistan, analyzing international standards and Pakistan's legal stance regarding this issue. It further investigates forced labor, exploring global standards and Pakistan's legal framework in combating this violation of human rights. Through a comparative analysis of international standards and Pakistan's legal provisions, the paper aims to assess the efficacy of existing measures in addressing child labor and forced labor. By shedding light on the intricacies of these labor practices and legal responses, this paper contributes to the discourse on combating exploitation and promoting the rights and well-being of vulnerable populations.
The expression of angiotensinII in myocardium of high cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic rabbit model and the effects of atorvastatin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To observe the expression of angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)in myocardium of high cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic rabbit model and the effect of atorvastatin.Methods:Twenty-two healthy male New-Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups randomly:control group(n=6),high cholesterol diet group(n=8),and high cholesterol diet plus atorvastatin(2.5 mg·kg-1·d-1)group(n=8).After feeding for eight weeks,the empty stomach blood preparation through central artery at awake state(fasting diet twelve hours)were collected,centrifugalized(3000rpm,10min)and stored at-20℃,the density of the total cholesterol(TC)and low density lipoprotein(LDL-C)were determined.The morphology of aorta is observed by naked eye.The myocardium was taken to determine the expression of AngⅡ by immunohistochemistry.The results were demonstrated by positive unit(PU).Results:The expression of AngⅡ in high cholesterol diet group was significantly higher than control group[(21.65±4.20)PU vs.(4.58±1.20)PU,P0.05];The expression of AngⅡ in high cholesterol diet plus atorvastatin group was significantly lower than those in high cholesterol diet group[(16.50±1.53)PU vs.(21.65±4.20)PU,P0.05],but also significantly higher than control group [(16.50±1.53)PU vs.(4.58±1.20)PU,P0.05].Conclution:The expression of AngⅡ is significantly higher in cholesterol diet group than in control group.It is explained that myocardium RAAS is at the state of activation in hyperlipidemia.Atorvastatin can significantly cut down the activation of the myocardium RAAS.
Mechanisms of Acid Resistance inEscherichia coli

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Adaptation to acid stress is an important factor in the transmission of intestinal microbes. The enterobacterium Escherichia coli uses a range of physiological, metabolic, and proton-consuming acid resistance mechanisms in order to survive acid stresses as low as pH 2.0. The physiological adaptations include membrane modifications and outer membrane porins to reduce proton influx and periplasmic and cytoplasmic chaperones to manage the effects of acid damage. The metabolic acid resistance systems couple proton efflux to energy generation via select components of the electron transport chain, including cytochrome bo oxidase, NADH dehydrogenase I, NADH dehydrogenase II, and succinate dehydrogenase. Under anaerobic conditions the formate hydrogen lyase complex catalyzes conversion of cytoplasmic protons to hydrogen gas. Finally, each major proton-consuming acid resistance system has a pyridoxal-5′-phosphate-dependent amino acid decarboxylase that catalyzes proton-dependent decarboxylation of a substrate amino acid to product and CO 2 , and an inner membrane antiporter that exchanges external substrate for internal product.
Efficacy of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Adults with Chronic Liver Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background & Aims: Although HBV vaccine has a 95% seroconversion rate in the general population, patients with chronic liver disease have reduced seroconversion rates (16-79%). The aim of the study was to describe seroconversion rates with HBV vaccines in patients with chronic liver disease. Approach & Results: Retrospective chart review was performed among 652 patients who received a complete HBV vaccine series in the hepatology clinic. Of those, 126 patients that were included, 111 received a single dose series, and 15 patients received a double dose series. The seroconversion rate was overall low at 35%, and stayed the same at 35% with double dose and at 33% with single dose. Patients who received a single dose series were further analyzed to review risk factors for seroconversion. Overall, 65% of patients had cirrhosis. Patients were more likely to seroconvert if no cirrhosis (51% vs 72%, P=.04), higher aminotransferase levels, intermediate anti-HBs (2.5-11.9 mIU/mL) at baseline (87.5% vs 14%). Conclusion: Patients with chronic liver disease had a low rate (35%) of response to HBV vaccination. The response rates did not improve in patients that received double dose series. Patients with cirrhosis, lower aminotransferase levels and with a lower baseline anti-HBs had decreased response rates.
Product Form Modular Design Based on Genetic Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

After the European and American countries put forward the modular design in the 1950s, and it become a hot topic again in 2013. Modular design make a well experience for product form design, but it also has its limitation. because of Genetic Algorithm (GA) has the superiority of optimizing and solving, This paper proposes a modular, hierarchical product modelling design based on GA, Using iterative repeated optimization genetic operators to make product modeling design to achieve an optimal form.
Nanotechnology and business opportunities: scenarios as awareness instrument

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

For a few years now, nanotechnology has been recognised as a promising new growth innovator. This leads to a shift from the exploration of nanotechnology knowledge towards a phase of exploitation. The coming years this commercialisation of nanotechnology will be extended. Nanotechnology is a disruptive technology phenomenon, which leads to more difficulties in overseeing business opportunities. Additionally, the fact that high-tech small firms, especially those dealing with nanotechnology, are highly interested in developments in science and technology, begs the question how to stimulate the awareness for (new) business opportunities in nanotechnology within these firms. A promising strategy to stimulate learning and awareness of business opportunities in nanotechnology is the use of scenarios. These projections focused on uncertainty stretch the mental model of entrepreneurs and/or managers and have the ability to activate learning processes. This paper presents the (theoretical) fundaments of scenario usage in relation to the recognition of business opportunities in nanotechnology.
Identities and Social Change in Britain since 1940

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This book examines how, between 1940 and 1970, British society was marked by the imprint of the academic social sciences in profound ways that have an enduring legacy on how we see ourselves, focusing on how interview methods and sample surveys eclipsed literature and the community study as a means of understanding ordinary life. It draws extensively on archived qualitative social science data from the 1930s to the 1960s, which it uses to offer an account of post-war social change in Britain. The book also uses this data to conduct a new kind of historical sociology of the social sciences, one that emphasises the discontinuities in knowledge forms, and which stresses how disciplines and institutions competed with each other for reputation. Its emphasis on how social scientific forms of knowing eclipsed those from the arts and humanities during this period offers a re-thinking of the role of expertise today that will provoke social scientists, scholars in the humanities, and the general reader alike.
Political Parties and MPs’ Morality Policy Voting Behaviour: Evidence from Germany

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article investigates the impact of party membership on MPs' morality policy voting behaviour, going beyond the common dichotomy of left and right parties and differentiating the preferences of other party families (e.g. Christian democrats, Liberals and Greens) regarding abortion, stem-cell research and euthanasia. We argue that parties generally face a 'self-determination vs. protection of life' trade-off. In the case of embryo research, however, a party's economic preferences and its position towards the freedom of research come into play, too. Exploring eight free votes in Germany after 1990, our analysis identifies party membership as the key determinant, supporting the claim that parties are groups of people who share common values. Moreover, we corroborate our subfield-specific argument, as regarding stem-cell research, Christian democrats vote less conservative and the liberal position of Greens even reverses.
Some Considerations in Designing a GPS Pseudolite

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Some Considerations in Designing a GPS Pseudolite Pseudolites are transmitters of GPS-like signals placed on the ground. Though pseudolites are well known devices and have already been used in the project where visibility to the GNSS satellites is limited, there are still many issues that need enhancement. A prototype of a low-cost pseudolite is being designed and assembled at the University of Warmia and Mazury. This will allow for conducting tests with various codes, signals and software. The goal of the project is to apply the pseudolite as an augmentation to GNSS positioning tasks in geodetic engineering projects. Some practical considerations crucial for the design are discussed in this paper.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI KUALITAS DAN CITRA MEREK TERHADAP LOYALITAS MEREK DALAM MEMBANGUN EKUITAS MEREK

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of perceived quality and brand image on brand loyalty towards Reebok shoes brand equity. The population of this study is people who have used Reebok shoes, while the study sample is 80 people determined using non-probability sampling method specifically purposive sampling. The analytical tool used in this study is PLS (Partial Least Square). Based on the results of the analysis, perceived quality has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty, brand image has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty, and brand loyalty has a positive and significant effect on brand equity. To build brand equity, Reebok should focus on customer brand loyalty by paying attention to their customers’ perceived quality and image of the brand. Keywords: perceived quality, brand image, brand loyalty, brand equity
Generality and Moral Justification

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In recent years it has become fashionable to criticize a family of approaches to thinking, loosely collected under the heading, moral theory. Unfortunately, these criticisms have often lacked a sharp focus. To do better, we will have to sort out the various elements of theory, and carefully consider them one at a time. One element which has heretofore received too little attention is generality. Demands for generality have become so central to the way many philosophers do ethics that we hardly notice them. Yet they sometimes exert a powerful influence on our thinking, pressing us to treat more general positions, such as consequentialism, as superior to more specific ones, like those which incorporate agent-centered restrictions or prerogatives. Although few philosophers accept these demands for generality explicitly, and no one has articulated them very clearly, many are in their grip to some significant degree. The most widespread and important demands for generality in ethics derive from a concern about justification. Moral principles and judgments make distinctions, and we do not want these distinctions to be arbitrary, whimsical, or unsupportable. We want them to be principled. When the demand that they be principled is a demand that they be supported by something general, we have a clear case of what I call the justificatory demands for generality. In this paper, I articulate and criticize these demands.' My aim is to to level the playing field between the specific and the general, allowing neither to win by de-
Impact of Daylight Saving Time on Energy Consumption in Higher Education Institutions: A Case Study of Portugal and Spain

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Daylight Saving Time (DST), involving clock shifts forward in spring and backward in autumn, was introduced to promote energy savings. However, its effectiveness remains controversial, especially in buildings with temporary occupancy like academic institutions, which have high daytime use but low summer occupancy. This study investigates the impact of DST transitions on energy consumption across seven campuses of two higher education institutions (HEIs) in northern Portugal and Spain, located in different time zones, using measured data from 2023. The analysis accounted for the structural and operational characteristics of each campus to contextualize consumption patterns. Weekly electricity consumption before and after DST changes were compared using independent samples t-tests to assess statistical significance. Results show that the spring transition to DST led to an average energy saving of 1.7%, while the autumn return to standard time caused an average increase of 1.2%. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in five of the seven campuses. Descriptive statistics and confidence intervals indicated that only sites with intervals excluding zero exhibited consistent changes. Seasonal energy demand appeared more influenced by academic schedules and thermal comfort needs—particularly heating—than by DST alone. Higher consumption coincided with periods of intense academic activity and extreme temperatures, while lower demand aligned with holidays and longer daylight months. Although DST yielded modest energy savings, its overall impact on academic campus energy use is limited and highly dependent on local conditions. The findings highlight the need to consider regional climate, institutional policies, user behavior, and smart technology integration in future energy efficiency analyses in academic settings.
Infinite-Component Field Theories, Fubini Sum Rules, Completeness, and Current Algebra. I. Discrete Spectra

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is shown that the Born-approximation scattering amplitudes in a class of infinite-component field theories satisfy Fubini sum rules. The contributions to the sum rules are analyzed, and completeness relations are obtained. These are found to differ radically from the naive expectations. Singularities associated with the vertices give rise to cuts in the scattering amplitudes; the discontinuities contribute to the sum rule and hence to the completeness relations. Such contributions are incompatible with current algebra and with locality of the second-quantized form of the theory. Spacelike solutions, on the other hand, seem to be less relevant than has been feared.
Changes in dynamic and static structures of the HIV‐1 p24 capsid protein N‐domain caused by amino‐acid substitution are associated with its viral viability

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract HIV‐1 capsid is comprised of over a hundred p24 protein molecules, arranged as either pentamers or hexamers. Three p24 mutants with amino acid substitutions in capsid N‐terminal domain protein were examined: G60W (α3‐4 loop), M68T (helix 4), and P90T (α4‐5 loop), which exhibited no viability for biological activity. One common structural feature of the three p24 N‐domain mutants, examined by NMR, was the long‐range effect of more β‐structures at the β2‐strand in the N‐terminal region compared with the wild‐type. In addition, the presence of fewer helical structures was observed in M68T and P90T, beyond the broad area from helix 1 to the C‐terminal part of helix 4. This suggests that both N‐terminal beta structures and helices play important roles in the formation of p24 hexamers and pentamers. Next, compared with P90T, we examined cis ‐conformation or trans ‐conformation of wild‐type adopted by isomerization at G89–P90. Since P90T mutant adopts only a trans ‐conformation, comparison of chemical shifts and signal intensities between each spectra revealed that the major peaks (about 85%) in the spectrum of wild‐type correspond to trans ‐conformation. Furthermore, it was indicated that the region in cis ‐conformation (minor; 15%) was more stabilized than that observed in trans ‐conformation, based on the analyses of heteronuclear Overhauser effect as well as the order‐parameter. Therefore, it was concluded that the cis ‐conformation is more favorable than the trans ‐conformation for the interaction between the p24 N‐terminal domain and cyclophilin‐A. This is because HIV‐1 with a P90T protein, which adopts only a trans ‐conformation, is associated with non‐viability of biological activity.
Emergence of artificial intelligence for automating cone‐beam computed tomography‐derived maxillary sinus imaging tasks. A systematic review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging of the maxillary sinus is indispensable for implantologists, offering three‐dimensional anatomical visualization, morphological variation detection, and abnormality identification, all critical for diagnostics and treatment planning in digital implant workflows. The following systematic review presented the current evidence pertaining to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for CBCT‐derived maxillary sinus imaging tasks. An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane up until January 2024. Based on the eligibility criteria, 14 articles were included that reported on the use of AI for the automation of CBCT‐derived maxillary sinus assessment tasks. The QUADAS‐2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2) tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias and applicability concerns. The AI models used were designed to automate tasks such as segmentation, classification, and prediction. Most studies related to automated maxillary sinus segmentation demonstrated high performance. In terms of classification tasks, the highest accuracy was observed for diagnosing sinusitis (99.7%), whereas the lowest accuracy was detected for classifying abnormalities such as fungal balls and chronic rhinosinusitis (83.0%). Regarding implant treatment planning, the classification of automated surgical plans for maxillary sinus floor augmentation based on residual bone height showed high accuracy (97%). Additionally, AI demonstrated high performance in predicting gender and sinus volume. In conclusion, although AI shows promising potential in automating maxillary sinus imaging tasks which could be useful for diagnostic and planning tasks in implantology, there is a need for more diverse datasets to improve the generalizability and clinical relevance of AI models. Future studies are suggested to focus on expanding the datasets, making the AI model's source available, and adhering to standardized AI reporting guidelines.
Hagiography and historiography: the long shadow of Edward the Confessor

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When present-day visitors to the Houses of Parliament pass through St. Stephen's Hall, which connects medieval Westminster Hall with the Central Lobby and the House of Commons, they see on its walls a series of large murals centered around the theme “The Building of Britain.” Created in 1927, these paintings portray scenes associated with the history of parliament in general and the House of Commons in particular. Visitors who know their English history will appreciate the inclusion of depictions such as Sir Thomas More's refusal to grant Henry VIII a subsidy without proper debate in the Commons. And the very knowledgable will associate St. Stephen's Hall itself with the history of parliament, since St. Stephen's Chapel served as the meeting place of the Commons from 1547 until the great fire of 1834.