jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Current Concepts In Diagnosis & Management Of Osteoarticular Tuberculosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tuberculosis is common worldwide and in endemic in India. Musculoskeletal tuberculosis, involving spine and other joints is seen in 1% to 3% of patients with tuberculosis. The disease has varied clinical presentation & lack of charateristic radiographic findings leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Early confirmed diagnosis & proper medical treatment are essential for control of the disease. This review article based on the recent literature review discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of osteoarticular tuberculosis.
Innate lymphoid cells in treatment-induced gastrointestinal pathogenesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review Tissue injury often occurs as collateral damage after chemotherapy and radiotherapy and is associated with significant comorbidity and mortality. The arsenal of options to prevent tissue injury other than dose reduction is limited, and treatment is mostly aimed at symptom relief and prevention of complications, such as bacterial translocation and malnourishment. Novel approaches directed at prevention and early repair of damaged tissues are highly anticipated. Recent findings Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are important in tissue homeostasis and wound healing. Most knowledge of ILC is based on studies in mice, and the contribution of ILC to repair therapy-induced tissue damage in humans is relatively understudied. A picture is nevertheless emerging, suggesting that ILC have several means to maintain tissue homeostasis. Subsets of ILC produce, for example, interleukin (IL)-22 or amphiregulin (AREG) that induce epithelial tissue repair and the release of microbiome modulating proteins. In addition, ILC have immune-regulatory capacities given that adoptive transfer of ILC in a mouse model of graft versus host disease (GvHD) attenuated tissue inflammation. Summary ILC are important in tissue maintenance and damage repair and as such have the potential to be developed as (adoptive) therapy to prevent and repair therapy-induced tissue damage.
The effectiveness of continuous renal replacement therapy in critical COVID-19 patients with cytokine release syndrome: a retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study from Wuhan, China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our results showed that although CRRT significantly reduced the inflammation, it did not decrease the fatality rate of patients with CRS. Therefore, the choice of CRRT indication, dialysis time and dialysis mode should be more careful and accurate in COVID-19 patients with CRS.
Advances in extracorporeal membrane oxygenator design for artificial placenta technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Extreme prematurity, defined as a gestational age of fewer than 28 weeks, is a significant health problem worldwide. It carries a high burden of mortality and morbidity, in large part due to the immaturity of the lungs at this stage of development. The standard of care for these patients includes support with mechanical ventilation, which exacerbates lung pathology. Extracorporeal life support (ECLS), also called artificial placenta technology when applied to extremely preterm (EPT) infants, offers an intriguing solution. ECLS involves providing gas exchange via an extracorporeal device, thereby doing the work of the lungs and allowing them to develop without being subjected to injurious mechanical ventilation. While ECLS has been successfully used in respiratory failure in full‐term neonates, children, and adults, it has not been applied effectively to the EPT patient population. In this review, we discuss the unique aspects of EPT infants and the challenges of applying ECLS to these patients. In addition, we review recent progress in artificial placenta technology development. We then offer analysis on design considerations for successful engineering of a membrane oxygenator for an artificial placenta circuit. Finally, we examine next‐generation oxygenators that might advance the development of artificial placenta devices.
Extraction of XML Documents using Web Data Mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mining that is performed on main web data is known as web structured mining. One sort of data mining is known as web structured mining. As the usage of Internet has been increased drastically, there are many web pages. All those web pages or the web data has to be mined for further usage. Data generated in webin Day life has become need of the hour importance of web mining is growing along with the massive volumes. Based on its similarity, Web data clustering in this the collection of Web documents in to clusters is possible with this organization. So many researchers has put an eye because similar documents available for versatile applications. Many Researchers around proposed extract web contents, few times they will fail to handle dynamic data. Web content extraction algorithms are pivotal importance to extract from web sources like useful contents. Hence, proposed a new method alternate way for web content extraction.
YASSAVI LITERATURE AND ITS EMERGENCE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Hoja Ahmad Yassavi laid the foundation of Turkic mystical literature with his collection of poems called “Divani Hikmat”. Factors such as the influence of mystical literature in Arabic and Persian, the inspiration of religious songs in the oral works of Turkic peoples, the interest of Turkic peoples living far from cities in mystical-mystical ideas to satisfy their spiritual needs, the choice of oral poetry as the main means of propaganda. After Ahmad Yassavi, this tradition was continued by his followers. In the works of Ahmad Yassavi and his followers, there are motives that encourage wisdom and writing. The Manuscripts Fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan contains 175 manuscripts of “Divani Hikmat”, which include works by more than 70 Yassavi followers. There is a special literary direction in the history of Uzbek classical literature based on the creative traditions of Ahmad Yassavi, and Professor Abdurauf Fitrat was one of the first to call it "Yassavi literature". When the scientist introduced the term "Yassavi literature" into scientific use, he meant that on the basis of the principles of tradition and succession there was a unique literary direction with its own creative style, theme and idea, features of literary genre and form, system of images. Yassavi literature was created on the basis of the works of Yassavi followers, such as Suleiman Baqirgani, Taj Khoja, Hubbi Khoja, Yusuf Bayzavi, Zangi ota, Sayyid ota, who lived and worked in the XII-XIV centuries. The study of the life and work of the representatives of Yassavi literature is one of the most important issues in Uzbek literature.
Channel cross-section heterogeneity of particulate organic carbon transport in the Huanghe

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The Huanghe (Yellow River), one of the largest turbid river systems in the world, has long been recognized as a major contributor of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to the ocean. However, over the last few decades, the SPM export flux of the Huanghe has decreased over 90 % due to the high management, impacting the global export of particulate organic carbon (POC). To better constrain sources and modes of transport of POC beyond the previously investigated transportation of POC near the channel surface, SPM samples were for the first time collected over a whole channel cross-section in the lower Huanghe. Riverine SPM samples were analyzed for particle size and major element contents, as well as for POC content and dual carbon isotopes (13C and 14C). Clear vertical and lateral heterogeneities of the physical and chemical properties of SPM are observed within the river cross-section. For instance, finer SPM carry more POC in general with higher 14C activity near the surface of the right bank. Notably, we discuss how bank erosion in the alluvial plain is likely to generate lateral heterogeneity in POC composition. The Huanghe POC is millennial-aged (4020 ± 500 radiocarbon years) and dominated by organic carbon (OC) from the biosphere, while the lithospheric fraction is ca. 12 %. The mobilization of aged and refractory OC, including radiocarbon-dead biospheric OC, from deeper soil horizons of the loess–paleosol sequence through erosion in the Chinese Loess Plateau is an important mechanism contributing to fluvial POC in the Huanghe drainage basin. Altogether, anthropogenic activities can drastically change the compositions and transport dynamics of fluvial POC, consequentially altering the feedback of the source-to-sink trajectory of a river system to regional and global carbon cycles.
Dipstick Screening for Urinary Tract Infection in Adolescent School Girls: Evaluation of Self Screening Ability

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a significant health problem in young women and adolescent females. Microscopic analysis and/or urine culture are costly, labour intensive laboratory-based tests. For many individuals, access and affordability for such care can be difficult specially in India rural settings have limited resources for this. The concept of selfscreening for UTI by urine dipstick bedside method and benefits of adopting it as a regular school health programme is relatively new in our country. Aim: To evaluate the ability of self screening for UTI by urine dipstick method in the adolescent school girls. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study the ability to self screen for UTI in 374 participants, including 184 girls from a rural school and 190 girls together from two urban schools was evaluated. At each school, the participants were educated about UTI and the objectives and methodology of the study. The participants reported to the school (to the investigators) within one hour of collecting first-morning, clean-voided, midstream urine sample in a sterile labelled container. The ability to self-interpret for UTI by the participants using dipstick method was evaluated. The interpretation by the investigator was considered the gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated to assess the ability to self screen for UTI. The association between UTI and contributory factors was calculated using Chi-square tests. Results: The overall self screening ability of the participants for UTI was found to have sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 81.82%, 96.7%, 42.86% and 99.43%, respectively. The UTI was significantly associated with water intake (χ2 =11.196, p<0.01), habit of holding urine (χ2 =5.92, p<0.05) and method of perineal cleaning (χ2 =16.591, p<0.01). The prevalence of UTI among urban and rural adolescent school girls was 2.1% and 3.8% respectively with an overall prevalence of 2.9%. Conclusion: The results show that regular self screening of school girls for asymptomatic bacteriuria is feasible on a large scale at low cost.
Research on Photocatalytic Properties of TiO_2 Nanotube Arrays

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In order to solve the problem of low time catalytic efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production in the field of photocatalysis, this paper proposes to improve the photocatalytic efficiency from the aspects of preparation technology of catalysts and modification by doping of other elements. First, titanium dioxide nanotube arrays were prepared by anodic oxidation. Then, by changing the process parameters, such as oxidation voltage, titanium wire diameter, water content in electrolyte and oxidation time, different morphology of titanium dioxide nanotubes were obtained. At the same time, the catalyst was doped with Fe by soaking the catalyst in iron nitrate solution, and the modification of Tio2 nanotubes was achieved, and their photocatalytic efficiency was studied. The results showed that the photocatalytic performance of the catalyst was better under the following conditions: the ratio of water to ethanol was 8:1, the diameter of the titanium filament was larger, the oxidation time was 4h, the oxidation voltage was 60V, and the iron doping concentration was 0.02mol/L. In conclusion, the above items have a significant impact on the photocatalytic efficiency. Especially, the Fe-doped catalyst showed better catalytic activity, and its hydrogen production efficiency was greatly improved when irradiated with ultraviolet light than that of the undoped catalyst.
Evaluation and Treatment of Sacroiliac Joint Pain in Patients with History of Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Retrospective Case Series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) can affect the entire spinopelvic complex and cause unpredictable patterns of back pain due to their effects on spinal tensegrity and biomechanical compensation. They can lead to significant morbidity and mortality in the aging population and are difficult to diagnose. We aimed to establish a relationship between VCFs and sacroiliac (SI) joint pain. OBJECTIVES: Demonstration of SI joint (SIJ) pain relief at up to 6 months after kyphoplasty (KP) in patients with VCFs and diagnosed SI dysfunction. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: All patients were from a private chronic pain and orthopedics practice in the northeastern United States. METHODS: Fifty-one patients with VCFs diagnosed through imaging and SIJ dysfunction diagnosed through 2 diagnostic SIJ blocks who had failed conservative management were considered for KP. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS 11) scores were recorded at the baseline, after each SIJ block, and at 4 weeks and then 6 months after KP. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients underwent KP. At 4 weeks after the procedure, there was an 84% average reduction in NRS scores from the baseline (P < 0.01). At 6 months after the procedure, there was an 80% reduction in NRS scores from the baseline (P < 0.01). LIMITATIONS: Larger sample sizes and a randomized control trial would be important steps in furthering the relationship between VCFs and SIJ. CONCLUSION: VCFs can cause a referred pain pattern to the SIJ that is best treated by KP for long-term management. KEY WORDS: Vertebral compression fracture, sacroiliac joint, vertebral augmentation, kyphoplasty, referred pain, axial pain, spinal tensegrity, lower back pain
Concerning reflex summation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A simple, linear, noninteractive model of the reflex control of blood pressure was developed to demonstrate that simple linear addition of the responses of the baroreceptor reflexes can produce observations that appear to have resulted from a redundant control system. Our analysis indicated that common experimental paradigms such as hemorrhage with sequential reflex ablation, which are often used to evaluate reflex interactions, can be simply interpreted. Complex nonlinear interactions need not be postulated to explain data that appear to indicate a redundant control system.
[Complications and incidents associated with arm edema in the first 3 months after mastectomy].

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

This study aimed at identifying complications, intercurrences and the appearance of edema following breast cancer surgery as well as factors that could predispose to arm lymphedema on the operated side. It is a descriptive and prospective study based on a quantitative approach. The subjects consisted of 17 women submitted to unilateral mastectomy in a University Hospital. Data were collected by means of a weekly post-operative follow-up of each patient for a period of three months. Edema was detected in 11 women, nine of which were in mild level and two in moderate level. It must be emphasized that even mild-level edema could become severe if not treated appropriately. Among the women with edema, complications, intercurrences and other variables were observed. The results revealed the importance of nurse follow up during the mastectomy post-operative period as well as the need for better staff training for patient guidance aiming at edema prevention.
Odd Lindley-Kumaraswamy Distribution: Model, Properties and Application

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This article uses the odd Lindley-G family of distributions to propose and study a new compound distribution called “odd Lindley-Kumaraswamy distribution”. In this article, the density and distribution functions of the odd Lindley-Kumaraswamy distribution are defined and studied by deriving and discussing many properties of the distribution such as the ordinary moments, moment generating function, characteristics function, quantile function, reliability functions, order statistics and other useful measures. The unknown model parameters are also estimated by the method of maximum likelihood. The goodness-of-fit of the proposed distribution is demonstrated using two real life datasets. The results show that the proposed distribution outperforms the other fitted compound models selected for this study and hence it is a flexible generalization of the Kumaraswamy distribution.
Chapter 13,Digital Humanities and GIS for Chinese Architecture

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"The relational complexity of urban and rural landscapes in space and in time. The development of historical geographical information systems (HGIS) and other methods from the digital humanities have revolutionised historical research on cultural landscapes. Additionally, the opening up of increasingly diverse collections of source material, often incomplete and difficult to interpret, has led to methodologically innovative experiments. One of today’s major challenges, however, concerns the concepts and tools to be deployed for mapping processes of transformation—that is, interpreting and imagining the relational complexity of urban and rural landscapes, both in space and in time, at micro- and macro-scale. Mapping Landscapes in Transformation gathers experts from different disciplines, active in the fields of historical geography, urban and landscape history, archaeology and heritage conservation. They are specialised in a wide variety of space-time contexts, including regions within Europe, Asia, and the Americas, and periods from antiquity to the 21st century."
["Methamphetamine-stereotypy and hypermotility" in rats chronically treated with reserpine--the effect of intracerebral injection of chlorpromazine].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In rats given methamphetamine (MAPT, 10 mg/kg i.p.) 24 hrs--48 hrs after the long term-administration of reserpine (RE), we have previously found such "bizarre-biting behaviour" as persistent and bloody biting activity at their own legs and tails or those of their cage mates. The present investigation examined the effect of a blockade of the dopamine receptor in the brain on MAPT-induced "bizarre-biting behaviour" and hypermotility of RE-pretreated rats. Male albino Wistar rats aged 4 weeks were injected intraperitoneally with RE (1.25 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline solution (1.25 ml/kg) every two days for 13 days. Twenty-three hrs after the last injection, rats received chlorpromazine (CP, 150 micrograms, 250 micrograms, 625 micrograms, or 1 mg/rat) intracerebrally by Valzelli's method; and 1 hr later, MAPT (10 mg/kg i.p.) was injected. MAPT-induced hypermotility was potentiated in the RE-pretreated rats, but it was suppressed dose-dependently by CP. Stereotyped licking and biting activities of saline-pretreated rats were completely suppressed by CP at each dose given, however, the "bizarre-biting behaviour" of RE-pretreated rats was inhibited by CP only at high doses (625 micrograms or 1 mg/rat). It is suggested that the MAPT-induced hypermotility of RE-pretreated rats is mediated by activation of dopamine receptor while their "bizarre-biting behaviour" is partially related to it.
Intense and Sign‐Invertible Circularly Polarized Luminescence

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This chapter explores the recent progress in the circularly polarised luminescence-switching characteristics of organic/organometallic materials and their application in niche technologies. Bright and emission sign invertible circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials have received much research attention in recent years due to their potential applications in security technologies and sensing devices. It has been increasingly evident from contemporary literature that the sign and color of CPL emission can be changed by employing external stimuli like temperature, light irradiation, host–guest interaction, metal ions, pressure, solvents, etc. This chapter concludes by describing the challenges, future prospects, and possible fundamental mechanisms involved in sign-invertible circularly polarized luminescence materials.
In vitro biosynthesis of plasminogen in a cell-free system directed by mRNA fractions isolated from monkey liver

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

mRNA was isolated from total RNA of monkey liver by oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography and was translated in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. Analysis of the translation products immunoprecipitated with specific antibodies to monkey plasma plasminogen revealed a molecule with characteristics similar to those of native plasminogen. The purification of the mRNA by centrifugation on sucrose gradients indicated the presence of plasminogen mRNAs in both the 23S and 18S RNA fractions. Both plasminogen mRNAs can be further purified by chromatography on Sepharose 4B. Affinity chromatography of the proteins synthesized in vitro by total mRNA from liver, as well as by the purified mRNAs, on L-lysine-substituted Sepharose revealed that both major plasma plasminogen forms (1 and 2) are synthesized, as precursors, in the system. The in vitro synthesized plasminogen is similar in its physical and chemical properties to native plasma plasminogen as determined by its ability to bind to L-lysine-substituted Sepharose and its molecular interaction with streptokinase. The purified mRNAs were also translated in the presence of dog pancreas microsomal membranes, and and fractionated on concanavalin A-Sepharose. The 23S mRNA directed the synthesis of a plasminogen molecule similar to the circulating plasma plasminogen form 1, whereas the 18S mRNA directed the synthesis of a molecule similar to the circulating plasma plasminogen form 2. Our evidence indicates that the synthesis of the two major circulating plasma plasminogen forms is directed in the liver by separate mRNAs.
Historicity in Edmund Husserl and Alfred Schutz

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper attempts to examine history in the framework of Edmund Husserls transcendental phenomenology and Alfred Schutz?s constitutive phenomenology of the natural attitude. Significant similarities regarding the analysis of the lifeworld, its historical character, and the levels of this development will be shown in order to highlight the importance of the complementation that can be found in Schutzs descriptions. Whereas Husserls furnishes significant ideas dealing with, so to speak, a longitudinal or horizontal plane of history that involves the successive moments of establishment, sedimentation, and teleological reestablishment of meaning, Schutzs main contributions concern themselves with, as it were, a transversal or vertical plane that entails the simultaneous systems of thematic, interpretative, and motivational relevance. The intersection of both structures leads to an enrichment of the analysis of history insofar as the types of relevance help to clarify and develop further the moments described by Husserl. Examples taken from the history of philosophy will offer an illustration. Finally, reference is made to the interdependence of moments and relevances in view of the problem of the continuity of history.