jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Research on the Evaluation of Service Effectiveness of Urban Greenways: Taking Municipal Greenways in the Main City of Nanjing as an Example

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

As an important green infrastructure, urban greenways can provide a range of socio-ecological benefits and play an important role in improving the urban ecological environment and enhancing the quality of living. Currently, the relationship between service quality and the actual benefits of greenways has not been sufficiently explored in urban greenway research. This study introduces the concept of “efficiency”, determines service efficiency and service effectiveness as the evaluation dimensions, selects 4 first-level indicators and 12 second-level indicators to evaluate the service efficiency of greenways, and constructs an evaluation model using a combination of subjective and objective assignments. This study uses the overall service effectiveness index and the efficiency–effectiveness balance index to measure the overall performance of the greenway space in the hope of revealing the key factors and reasons that affect the service effectiveness of the greenway and providing a theoretical basis for optimizing the planning and management of the greenway. Using ArcGIS network analysis technology, image semantic segmentation technology, a questionnaire survey, network text analysis, and other methods to quantify the indicators, this paper conducts an empirical study on four municipal greenways in Nanjing. This research shows that the factors affecting the service effectiveness of greenways mainly include the landscape environment, greenway functions, transportation conditions, and supporting facility factors. The contradiction between the single-function positioning and the variety of user needs is the main reason for the imbalance between the efficiency and effectiveness of urban greenways. This study provides a new path to quantify greenway service effectiveness and enriches the greenway evaluation theory.
Clostridium butyricum therapy restores the decreased efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in lung cancer patients receiving proton pump inhibitors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oral microbiota is associated with human diseases including cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which allow the oral microbiome to translocate into the gut, negatively influence the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in cancer patients. However, currently there is no effective treatment that restores the decreased efficacy. To address this issue, we retrospectively evaluated 118 advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with ICB and analyzed 80 fecal samples of patients with lung cancer by 16S metagenomic sequencing. Clostridium butyricum therapy using C. butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM588), a live biotherapeutic bacterial strain, was shown to improve the ICB efficacy in lung cancer. Thus, we investigated how CBM588 affects the efficacy of ICB and the gut microbiota of lung cancer patients undergoing PPI treatment. We found that PPI treatment significantly decreased the efficacy of ICB in NSCLC patients, however, CBM588 significantly restored the diminished efficacy of ICB and improved survival. In addition, CBM588 prolonged overall survival in patients receiving PPIs and antibiotics together. The fecal analysis revealed that PPI users had higher abundance of harmful oral-related pathobionts and lower abundance of beneficial gut bacteria for immunotherapy. In contrast, patients who received CBM588 had lesser relative abundance of potentially harmful oral-related bacteria in the gut. Our research suggests that manipulating commensal microbiota by CBM588 may improve the therapeutic efficacy of ICB in cancer patients receiving PPIs, highlighting the potential of oral-related microbiota in the gut as a new therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy.
Soil fertilization of Sarracenia seedlings

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Conventional wisdom has it that soil fertilization is dangerous for carnivorous plants. A grower may get away with it once or twice with great results but the next time wipe out their whole collection. I have seen this on a small scale with volunteers at the University of California, Davis, Botanical Conservatory multiple times. At first the plants are truly stunning. Give them one treatment too many or at the wrong time and all the plants die. We are talking hundreds of plants.
Isolated central nervous system Whipple disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Whipple disease (WD) is an infection caused by Tropheryma whipplei , which might present in three different forms: classical, localized, and isolated in the central nervous system (CNS). Methods: We report the result of a systematic review of the literature on WD unusually presenting with exclusively neurological symptoms, including two previously unpublished cases. A description of two cases with isolated CNS WD was performed, as well as a literature search in Cochrane, Scielo , and PubMed . Results: Two male adult patients presented with exclusively neurological symptomatology. Both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intracranial mass suggestive of brain tumor. The histopathological examination was consistent with WD, with no systemic involvement. In the review of the literature, 35 cases of isolated CNS WD were retrieved. The median age at diagnosis was 43.5 (IQR 31.5–51.5). In 13 patients, the MRI showed a brain mass consistent with a brain tumor. The most common finding in the biopsy was the periodic-acid Schiff-stained foamy macrophages. Only five cases presented the pathognomonic sign of oculomasticatory myorhythmia. Thirteen cases had an adverse outcome that resulted in death during follow-up, whereas another 13 improved. The other nine patients remained stable or presented moderate improvement. Conclusion: Isolated CNS WD is a rare disease that should be considered among the differential diagnosis of CNS mass lesions. Brain biopsy is necessary to establish the diagnosis. It is stressed in the literature that an extended antibiotic course is required to prevent relapses and to control the disease.
A Model for Promoting Poultry Industry Development in Togo: Part 1. Management Practices and Incubation Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In commercial poultry husbandry practice, the hatchery takes over the incubation of bird eggs in order to provide as many day-old chicks as needed at any time to farmers. The main bottleneck for poultry industry development in Togo is the lack of day-old chick supply. Indeed, there is no proficient hatchery which can cover the needs of the farmers because of lack of information about hatchery management or people trained as hatchery managers. Also, there is lack of information about management practice aspects, etc. With the aim to promote poultry industry in Togo, an interuniversity project [Catholic University of Leuven (KUL) and University of Lome (UL)] as a model of poultry industry development was implemented. Specific objectives of the current project are to implement research and development activities on better conditions of incubation and adapted management practices focusing mainly on (1) Effect of early transferring of layer breeders hatching eggs on embryo parameters and hatchability, (2) Comparison of different chicken genotypes in Embryo Physiology, (3) Effects of heat conditioning at d 16 to 18 of incubation or during early broiler rearing on embryo physiology, post-hatch growth performance and heat tolerance, (4) Effect of low albumen quantity on chick embryo and post-hatch parameters, (5) Effects of In ovo-administration of L-carnitine on hatching events and juvenile performance of layer-type chick, (6) Interaction effects of mixing hatching eggs of differential embryo growth trajectory and incubator CO2 concentration on embryo physiological parameters, (7) Effect of delayed feed access on production and blood parameters of layer-type chicks and (8) Induced moulting of layer chickens.
Phylogenomics of Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera) using transcriptomes: examining controversial relationships via degeneracy coding and interrogation of gene conflict

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The hemipteran suborder Auchenorrhyncha is a highly diverse, ecologically and agriculturally important group of primarily phytophagous insects which has been a source of phylogenetic contention for many years. Here, we have used transcriptome sequencing to assemble 2139 orthologues from 84 auchenorrhynchan species representing 27 families; this is the largest and most taxonomically comprehensive phylogenetic dataset for this group to date. We used both maximum likelihood and multispecies coalescent analyses to reconstruct the evolutionary history in this group using amino acid, nucleotide, and degeneracy‐coded nucleotide orthologue data. Although many relationships at the superfamily level were consistent between analyses, several differing, highly supported topologies were recovered using different datasets and reconstruction methods, most notably the differential placement of Cercopoidea as sister to either Cicadoidea or Membracoidea. To further interrogate the recovered topologies, we explored the contribution of genes as partitioned by third‐codon‐position guanine‐cytosine (GC) content and heterogeneity. We found consistent support for several relationships, including Cercopoidea + Cicadoidea, most often in genes that would be expected to be enriched for the true species tree if recombination‐based dynamics in GC content have contributed to the observed GC heterogeneity. Our results provide a generally well‐supported framework for future studies of auchenorrhynchan phylogeny and suggest that transcriptome sequencing is likely to be a fruitful source of phylogenetic data for resolving its clades. However, we caution that future work should account for the potential effects of GC content heterogeneity on relationships recovered in this group.
Communicating corporate social responsibility: a study of the evolution of websites disclosures in Italy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of the paper is to analyse how the use of the Internet for social disclosure is changed over time. The paper presents a dynamic analysis on a sample of Italian companies that at the beginning of the observation period were listed on the Italian Exchange. The present use of the Internet for CSR-related communication of sample companies is analysed and compared to their mode of using this medium in 2003. Results highlight a growing and widespread diffusion of the use of the Internet for social disclosures, as well as an improvement in the mode of using this medium and in the consequent capability to exploit the potential benefits that it offers. Nevertheless, relevant differences still characterize the sample companies’ approaches to social disclosure, as regards both the kind of information disclosed (and the corresponding level of transparency) and the use of two-way communication tools.
Some aspects of PLZT research in Shanghai Institute of Ceramics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Research on microstructure and related behaviour of 7.9/70/30 and 8/65/35 PLZT ceramics in Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, e.g., grain boundary migration, “clean regions,” lead deposition at grain boundaries, domain generation at grain boundaries when poling, grain boundary structure and moire patterns, are summarized. PLT thin film study is also briefly introduced.
Distribution and Kinematics of H i through Raman He ii Spectroscopy of NGC 6302

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The young planetary nebula NGC 6302 is known to exhibit Raman-scattered He ii features at 6545 Å and 4851 Å. These features are formed through inelastic scattering of He ii λλ 1025 and 972 with hydrogen atoms in the ground state, for which the cross sections are 1.2 × 10 −21 cm 2 and 1.4 × 10 −22 cm 2 , respectively. We investigate the spectrum of NGC 6302 archived in the ESO Science Portal. Our Gaussian line-fitting analysis shows that the Raman-scattered He ii features are broader and more redshifted than the hypothetical model Raman features that would be formed in a cold static H i medium. We adopt a simple scattering geometry consisting of a compact He ii emission region surrounded by an H i medium to perform Monte Carlo simulations using the radiative transfer code STaRS. Our simulations show that the H i region is characterized by the H i column density N H I = 3 × 10 21 cm −2 , with the random speed component v ran = 10 km s −1 expanding with a speed v exp = 13 km s − 1 from the He ii emission region. Based on our best-fit parameters, we estimate the H i mass of the neutral medium M H I ≃ 1.0 × 10 −2 M ⊙ , pointing out the usefulness of Raman He ii spectroscopy as a tool to trace H i components.
Collective bargaining by informal workers in the global South: where and how it takes place

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter addresses two sets of related questions. It considers what collective negotiation ("bargaining") looks like and what it means for informal worker organisations and their members. The chapter focuses on informal workers who are categorised mainly as "self-employed" for legal purposes. While much research has concentrated on informal worker organising, far less is known about the kinds of bargaining in which the resulting organisations engage. We address how informal workers access opportunities to bargain with entities that have some power over the conditions of their work. We also explore some of the ways in which negotiation is combined with other approaches and why this occurs in the case of informal workers. The chapter draws on internal documents from the global research and policy network Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO) that monitor collective negotiations underway and some published cases. It relies on material from a monitoring of collective negotiations by street vendor organisations, which has been ongoing since 2013 and which co-author Horn conducts through remote interviews and some face-to-face meetings with 32 organisations, combined with selected cases of negotiations by home-based and street vendor worker organisations in several countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The two worker groups—street vendors and home-based workers—provide a contrast in work setting and gender composition. Street vendors operate in the public space and are a mixed-gender group, whereas home-based workers are most often women and work in private space. The chapter examines what self-employed informal workers and their organisations want from negotiation, and how their situation differs from that of formal workers. We develop a typology of negotiations in which informal worker organisations engage and provide country examples for these types of platforms based on case studies as well as the review of street vendor negotiations. A later section discusses how and why informal worker organisations engage in global venues for purposes of negotiation. The conclusion provides reflections and points to directions for future research.
The House Fly Attractants in Mushrooms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Several active concentrates responsible for the long known house fly attracting property of Amanita muscaria (L.) Fr. were obtained through steam distillation and exhaustive solvent extraction of the filtered juice of the fruiting body. Among the active concentrates, one fraction referred to as D3 was isolated as colorless crystals, m.p. 22~23°C, with a chromatographycally proved homogeneity and exhibited a marked attractiveness to house flies, especially to mature females.
Self-assembly of polymers and small molecules for photovoltaics application

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Solar energy is one of the most promising energy sources of the future with depleting amount of fossil fuels, and organic photovoltaic (OPV) is among the cheapest in terms of materials and processing methods. However, the performance of OPV is largely dependent on the morphology of the photoactive layer. In this project, morphological control of the photoactive layer has being achieved for P3HT polymer and PTCDI-C13H27 small molecule with the addition of poor solvent. Upon introduction of poor solvent, favorable π-stacking can be induced from the changes in solubility to create one-dimensional (1-D) structure with enhanced crystallinity. Using this approach, P3HT nanofibers were constructed and devices based on this P3HT:PCBM blend obtained an increment in PCE from 0.9% to 2.3% without any post production treatment such as thermal annealing. In addition, different dimensions of PTCDI 1-D structure were also obtained using different methods of poor solvent addition. By controlling the amount of nucleation sites created and the subsequence interactions at each site, the width and length of the PTCDI 1-D structure can be controlled. The width of the PTCDI-C13H27 structures range from 20 μm to 70 nm with length ranging from 0.1 cm to 2 μm.
Learning from Peers: Knowledge Transfer and Sales Force Productivity Growth

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We study how peers impact worker productivity growth among salespeople in the cosmetics department of a department store. We first exploit a shift assignment policy that creates exogenous variation in salespersons' peers each week to identify and quantify sources of worker learning. We find that peer-based learning is more important than learning-by-doing for individuals, and there is no evidence of forgetting. Working with high-ability peers substantially increases the long-term productivity growth of new salespeople. We then examine possible mechanisms behind peer-based learning by exploiting the multiple colocated firms in our setting that sell products with different task difficulties and compensate their sales forces using either team-based or individual-based compensation systems. The variation in incentives to compete and cooperate within and across firm boundaries, combined with variation in sales difficulty for different product classes, allows us to suggest two mechanisms behind peer-based learning: observing successful sales techniques of peers and direct teaching. Our paper advocates the importance of learning from one another in the workplace and suggests that individual peer-based learning is a foundation of both organizational learning curves and knowledge spillovers across firms.
DAY OF THE WEEK EFFECT TERHADAP RETURN DAN VOLUME PERDAGANGAN SAHAM LQ45 DAN NON LQ45

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This research aimed to know: fi rst, day of the week effect that infl uence the return of LQ45and non LQ45 stocks. Second, to know day of the week effect that infl uenced the volume of commerceof LQ45 and non LQ45 stocks. The taken samples were a property stock and real estate stocksincluding 2 stocks that was part of LQ45 and 2 other stocks in non LQ45 at Jakarta Stock Exchange(JSX) in January up to December 2006 (242 trade days) by fulfi lling samples which were already valid.Analysis model used in this research was linear regression model. The result of this research showedthat the lowest return found on Monday trade days and the lighest return was on Friday trade day.However, day of the week effect only proved signifi cant at stock non LQ45 group. The trial on tradevolume did not fi nd any signifi cant result.
Reducing Social Inequalities in Access to Dental Care in Senegal: Evaluation of a Flat-Rate Pricing Program at the Health District Level

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Objectives In Africa, profound social inequalities exist in access to oral health care, with one of the principal determinants being financial factors. To overcome this financial barrier, Senegal has implemented the Program for Support of Supply and Demand for Care (PAODES). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the program on improving access to oral health for affected people.Methods This study was conducted in the health districts of Sokone, the intervention site where PAODES was established, and Bambey, the control site where routine activities were maintained. A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 110 patients at each site who were consulted in oral health services. A questionnaire allowed us to collect sociodemographic data and data on the evaluation of intervention effects, including the renouncement of oral health and the cost of care. The relative risk (RR) and the attributable fraction (AF) were calculated.Results There was a significant difference of 13.6% at the intervention site compared to 39.1% at the control site (p = 0.0001). The relative risk (RR) was 0.33 (0.19–0.57). The fraction attributable to the intervention was 33.42% (21.77–42.05) among the general population and 67.14% (43.52–80.89) among those who received the intervention.Conclusion The results of the study showed that a flat-rate pricing program aimed at reducing the financial burden on access to oral health care services had a positive impact. This demonstrated that a decrease in social inequalities regarding access to oral health can surpass financial barriers.
Patency and compliance of pulmonary veins when airway pressure exceeds blood pressure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our measurements on cat's lung show that pulmonary veins and venules are not collapsible, but remain open when the alveolar gas pressure (PA) exceeds the local blood pressure (Pv). Their compliance constants show no discontinuity as Pv falls below PA. The capillaries, however, do collapse when PA greater than Pv. The explanation of the patency of the veins when PA greater than Pv is the pulling on the blood vessels by tension in the interalveolar septa. Photomicrographs show that each venule (or vein) is pulled radially by three or more interalveolar septa. Capillary sheets, however, are exposed to gas on the lateral sides and can readily collapse when PA greater than Pv. These facts provide the key to the analysis of pulmonary blood flow in zone 2. The “sluicing” gate, i.e., the site of flow limitation, must be located at the junctions of capillary sheets and the first generation of venules. Further, data on the branching pattern and compliance of small pulmonary veins, which are needed in quantitative analysis of pulmonary circulation, are presented.
Ultrahigh Potassium Storage Capacity of Ca2Si Monolayer with Orderly Multilayered Growth Mechanism

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract As the rising renewable energy demands and lithium scarcity, developing high‐capacity anode materials to improve the energy density of potassium‐based batteries (PBBs) is increasingly crucial. In this work, a unique orderly multilayered growth (OMLG) mechanism on a 2D‐Ca 2 Si monolayer is theoretically demonstrated for potassium storage by first‐principles calculations. The global‐energy‐minimum Ca 2 Si monolayer is a semiconductor with isotropic mechanical properties and remarkable electrochemical properties, such as a low potassium ion migration energy barrier of 0.07 eV and a low open circuit voltage ranging from 0.224 to 0.003 V. Most notably, 2D‐Ca 2 Si demonstrates an ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity of 5459 mAh g −1 and a total specific capacity of 610 mAh g −1 , reaching up to 89% of the capacity of a potassium metal anode. Remarkably, the OMLG mechanism facilitates stable, dendrite‐free deposition of hcp ‐K metal layers on the 2D‐Ca 2 Si surface, where the ultrahigh and gradually converging lattice match as the layers increase is the key to achieving theoretically near‐infinite growth. The study theoretically demonstrates the Ca 2 Si monolayer a highly promising anode material, and offers a novel potassium storage strategy for designing 2D anode materials with high specific capacity, rapid potassium‐ion migration, and good safety.