jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Student Loan Debt on Spending: The Role of Repayment Format

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Across three studies, the authors investigate the effect of student loan debt on spending. Evidence from consumer finance data and experimental scenarios reveals that borrowers with moderate student loan debt are less likely to spend than people with low (or no) debt. However, borrowers with high debt are more likely to spend relative to those with moderate debt. The latter effect is consistent with goal disengagement, as paying off high student loan debt seems difficult. Importantly, the spending propensity associated with high student loan debt is attenuated by presenting the debt in a monthly payment (vs. lump-sum) format, which reduces perceived payoff difficulty. From a public policy perspective, the authors recommend that estimated monthly payments be included in all student loan disclosures.
Occurrence Download

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A dataset listing the 1 species recorded in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ { "or" : [ "BasisOfRecord is Machine Observation", "BasisOfRecord is Human Observation" ] }, "Country is India", "Geometry POLYGON((72.53613 19.83691,71.5166 19.55566,77.28223 6.86426,78.89942 9.21973,74.29395 19.7666,72.53613 19.83691))", "OccurrenceStatus is Present", "TaxonKey is Ratufa indica (Erxleben, 1777)" ] } The dataset's 1 records were derived from 6 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0100131-200613084148143/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Drought stress, water table and photosynthetic activity of peat moss measured by fast fluorescence in alpine peatlands

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Alpine peatlands are highly vulnerable ecosystems worldwide and are endangered by global warming. Peat moss metabolism and growth are governed by rainfall and the level of the water table in the moor. In a protected alpine peatland three sites with different distances from the open water and the water table were chosen to evaluate higher plant diversity and to determine the photosynthetic performance of some plants and of the peat moss layer (mainly Sphagnum sp.) at these sites using fast fluorescence kinetics (OJIP-test). The photosynthetic activity of peat moss decreased with greater distance from the water level. In contrast, photosynthesis of Carex was impeded at higher water levels. In the context of global warming, if increasing temperature and stronger winds dry the peat moss cover, the differences in observed stress response by a changing water table, we expect that higher plants will overgrow the peatmoss site, a phenomenon already partially observed in recent decades.
A study of correlation between body mass index and GOLD staging of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The association between low body mass index (BMI) and poor prognosis of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common clinical observation and it varies with different stages of COPD. Aims: To find out any correlation between BMI and severity of obstruction (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) staging) of COPD patients. Settings and Design: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational study among 101 male patients of COPD, attending the chest medicine department in our medical college during the period from March 2011 to February 2012. Materials and Methods: We classify the severity of obstruction in COPD patients according to GOLD staging through spirometry. BMI of all the patients was measured. Correlation between BMI and severity of obstruction (post bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 st second (FEV 1 ) % predicted) in COPD patients was determined. Statistical Analysis: Analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 software for windows. Pearson correlation, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis and post hoc Turkey test were used to determine the relationship between BMI and post bronchodilator FEV 1 %predicted. Results: Mean age of the study subject was 58.18 ± 9.29 years. Commonest age group was 50-59 years (40%). Mean BMI of stage 1 COPD subjects was 26.21, stage 2 was 22.91, stage 3 was 20.78, and stage 4 was 15.71. One-way ANOVA showed that BMI of the patients were decreasing with increasing severity of the disease (GOLD) and it was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The post hoc Turkey test also indicated that there were significant differences present in different GOLD stages of COPD in respect to BMI. Conclusion: There was positive correlation between severity of airway obstruction and BMI in COPD patients.
Break: Bronchi Reconstruction by Geodesic Transformation and Skeleton Embedding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Airway segmentation is critical for virtual bronchoscopy and computer-aided pulmonary disease analysis. In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used to delineate the bronchial tree. However, the segmentation results of the CNN-based methods usually include many discontinuous branches, which need manual repair in clinical use. A major reason for the breakages is that the appearance of the airway wall can be affected by the lung disease as well as the adjacency of the vessels, while the network tends to overfit these special patterns in the training set. To learn robust features for these areas, we design a multi-stage framework that adopts the geodesic distance transform to capture the intensity changes between airway lumen and wall. Another reason for the breakages is the intra-class imbalance. Since the volume of the peripheral bronchi may be much smaller than the large branches in an input patch, the common segmentation loss is not sensitive to the breakages among the distal branches. Therefore, in this paper, a breakage-sensitive regularization term is designed and can be easily combined with other loss functions. Extensive experiments are conducted on publicly available datasets. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, our framework can detect more branches while maintaining competitive segmentation performance.
Peer Review #1 of "Growth under cold conditions in a wide perennial ryegrass panel is under tight physiological control (v0.1)"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background.Perennial ryegrass is a cool-season grass species from the family Poaceae and is widely cultivated in temperate regions because it exhibits rapid growth and establishment, and possesses high forage quality.The extension of the growing season in Ireland in spring and autumn is a breeding target to make farming more profitable since a grass-fed diet based on grazing is the cheapest way of nutrition for ruminants.Methods.Fifty-seven perennial ryegrass accessions were screened for their ability to grow under typical Irish spring conditions as taken from long term temperature records in controlled climate chambers.They were grown in low temperature (8°C/2°C day/night) and control conditions (15°C/8°C day/night) in three consecutive independent experiments.Fresh weight, height, chlorophyll content and electrolyte leakage were measured, and these parameters were used to rank plant performance under low temperature growth conditions.Results.The results showed that height, yield and electrolyte leakage are excellent measures for the impact of cold stress tolerance.Little variation in growth was seen under cold stress, but a wide variety of responses were observed under control conditions.Discussion.Our results suggest that cold stress is under tight physiological control.Interestingly, the various genotypes responded differentially to more amenable control conditions, indicating that a quick response to more amenable growth conditions is a better target for breeding programmes.
New genera of Paleozoic Polyplacophora (Mollusca)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The opportunity to study some of de Koninck's (1883) type specimens from the Institut Royal de sciences Naturelle de Belgique (RMNS), specimens from the British Museum of Natural History (BMNH), and from the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (MCZ) has provided insight into the taxonomic relationships of some polyplacophoran taxa. It is evident that errors have occurred in relating various specimens to taxa which differ significantly. Two examples of this related to a Devonian species in Germany and a Permian species in the United States National Museum of Natural History (USNM) are clarified and illustrated.
Dynamical Behaviors in Complex-Valued Love Model With or Without Time Delays

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a novel version of nonlinear model, i.e. a complex-valued love model with two time delays between two individuals in a love affair, has been proposed. A notable feature in this model is that we separate the emotion of one individual into real and imaginary parts to represent the variation and complexity of psychophysiological emotion in romantic relationship instead of just real domain, and make our model much closer to reality. This is because love is a complicated cognitive and social phenomenon, full of complexity, diversity and unpredictability, which refers to the coexistence of different aspects of feelings, states and attitudes ranging from joy and trust to sadness and disgust. By analyzing associated characteristic equation of linearized equations for our model, it is found that the Hopf bifurcation occurs when the sum of time delays passes through a sequence of critical value. Stability of bifurcating cyclic love dynamics is also derived by applying the normal form theory and the center manifold theorem. In addition, it is also shown that, for some appropriate chosen parameters, chaotic behaviors can appear even without time delay.
A computer-aided system for planning acute care bed need in Michigan.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

As part of an effort within Michigan to promote cost containment and equitably distribute hospital resources, the Acute Care Bed Need Methodology (ACBNM), a model for determining bed need based on normative use rates, was created. We describe herein the ACBNM, the associated interactive computer system, and the data base requirements, and make suggestions for improving the methodology. We also discuss the functions the ACBNM has served in Michigan and the role it could serve in future health planning efforts.
An algorithm to generate nearD-optimal designs for multiple response surface models

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract An algorithm is proposed to generate near D-optimal designs for multiple response surface models, i.e., a first-order or second-order polynomial model for each response with cuboidal design regions. For a class of designs generated by the proposed algorithm, simulation results indicate that the designs generated are near D-optimal and do not depend on Σ. An example is given to demonstrate how multiresponse D-optimal designs can be used to provide benchmarks to other experimental designs for multiple response problems.
Chrysin as a Bioactive Scaffold: Advances in Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid widely distributed in propolis, honey, and various plant sources. It exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic effects. However, its clinical translation is hampered by poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability, and rapid metabolic clearance. To address these limitations and expand the chemical space of this natural scaffold, extensive synthetic efforts have focused on generating structurally diverse chrysin derivatives that possess improved drug-like properties. This review systematically categorizes synthetic methodologies—such as etherification, esterification, transition-metal-mediated couplings, sigmatropic rearrangements, and electrophilic substitutions—and integrates them with corresponding biological outcomes. Particular emphasis is placed on recent (2020–present) advances that directly link structural modifications with pharmacological enhancements, thereby offering comparative structure–activity relationship (SAR) insights. In addition, transition-metal-catalyzed C–C bond-forming reactions are highlighted in a dedicated section, underscoring their growing role in accessing bioactive chrysin analogs previously unattainable by conventional chemistry. Unlike prior reviews that mainly summarized biological activities or broadly covered flavonoid scaffolds, this article bridges synthetic diversification with pharmacological evaluation. It provides both critical synthesis and mechanistic interpretation. Overall, this work consolidates current knowledge and suggests future directions that integrate synthetic innovation with pharmacological validation and address pharmacokinetic challenges in chrysin derivatives.
Risk Factors and Predictive Model for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy comprising approximately 10% of all blood cancers. Patients with MM are at risk for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a serious complication characterized by systemic coagulation activation, leading to microthrombi, organ dysfunction, and severe bleeding. This study aims to investigate the incidence of DIC among MM patients and identify risk factors associated with DIC development. We also sought to develop a predictive formula for assessing DIC risk. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on MM patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors significantly associated with DIC. The predictive power of the logistic regression model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results The incidence of DIC among hospitalized MM patients was 16.8%. Significant factors identified by logistic regression analysis included prothrombin time (PT), fibrin degradation products (FDP), and D-dimer levels. ROC curve analysis indicated that the predictive model had strong discriminatory power, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.927. A predictive formula for the probability of DIC occurrence was developed based on the logistic regression model. Conclusions The predictive formula developed in this study offers a tool for early identification of MM patients at high risk of DIC. While the model demonstrates strong predictive capability, further validation and refinement are required to improve its accuracy and clinical application.
Multilevel Circuit Optimization in Quantum Compilers: A Case Study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we explore multilevel circuit optimization (MLCO), where we deploy multiple gate sets and progressively lower the source circuit through the gate sets to the target circuit. At each level, we first perform an appropriate set of circuit simplifications and then lower the simplified circuit into the next level, decomposing the gates not supported there. We demonstrate its effectiveness, using as a case study the source circuit for Hamiltonian simulation to solve a partial differential equation, which is densely populated with multi-controlled gates and is transformed by the state-of-the-art circuit compiler to the target circuit with the quadratic number of CX gates in the number of qubits. MLCO makes visible higher-level circuit structures, providing us with insights about how to simplify the circuits and how to decompose the gates. By putting the right circuit structure in place and selecting the right decomposition algorithm, we could cause massive cancellation of entangling gates, thereby having achieved the quadratic reduction in the number of CX gates.
sociological analysis of communication of institute of political parties in the electoral process

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is dedicated to the theoretical research and analyses of practice of social activity, which is practiced by institute of political party in the process voting and electoral process, that is why, the goal is to make a complex view of functions and role of this special institute, also it plays a duale role, because, on the one hand, it allows civil society to rule the government and taking a kind of socialization of individuals by making them closer to the groups of political and party elite, on the other hand, it make possible to the state machine make its workplaces full with the most active and perfect candidates from the political parties by the democracy procedures and strict selection of candidates.
A novel hybrid active-passive pixel with correlated double sampling CMOS readout circuit for medical x-ray imaging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a new hybrid current-programmed, current-output active pixel sensor (APS) suitable for real time x-ray imaging (fluoroscopy) and an off-panel CMOS readout circuit. The pixel circuit is designed using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film transistor (TFT) technology. The simulation results based on the measured characteristics of a-Si:H TFTs show that the proposed pixel circuit can successfully compensate for characteristic variations (e.g. mobility and threshold voltage shift) in a-Si:H TFTs under prolonged gate voltage stress. The readout circuit exploits correlated double sampling (CDS) technique to reduce the offset current, low frequency noise and fixed-pattern noise (FPN) on the array operation.
Converting any surface to a touch interface

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this project, optical-based touch technology is used to convert a static large display to a touch-enabled screen by making use of two wide-angle lens cameras to detect the position of the user’s finger. However, finger localisation, an essential part of the system, is inaccurate at times. After analysing the possible causes of the issue, two methods have been tried and compared to find the most effective solution. These methods are: to correct the distortion in the cameras separately, and to increase the number of calibration points.
Kutznerides 1−4, Depsipeptides from the Actinomycete Kutzneria sp. 744 Inhabiting Mycorrhizal Roots of Picea abies Seedlings

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of culture supernatants of the actinomycete Kutzneria sp. 744 resulted in the isolation of four new depsipeptides (1-4). Structure analysis revealed the general structure: cyclo[2-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-D-glycine-(2S,3aR,8aS)-6,7-dichloro-3a-hydroxy-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-2-carboxylic acid-3-hydroxy-D-glutamic acid-O-methyl-L-serine-L-piperazic acid-(S)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid]. The 3-hydroxy-d-glutamic acid was present as its threo-isomer in 1 and 2 and as its erythro-isomer in 3 and 4. The piperazic acid was modified to its (R)-4-chloro analogue in 2 and to its C-5/N unsaturated analogue in 4. Compounds 1-4 displayed moderate spore germination inhibiting activity against several common root-rotting fungi.
What Service Users Have to Say about Practice Teaching in Social Work

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

V prispevku so predstavljeni rezultati kvalitativne evalvacije delovne prakse za studente drugega letnika socialnega dela s stalisca 56 uporabnikov storitev, ljudi z ovirami, ki so bili dejavno vkljuceni v proces poucevanja delovne prakse za studente. Cilj evalvacije je bil ugotoviti, kaj cutijo uporabniki storitev v zvezi s poucevanjem delovne prakse za studente in namescanju studentov na delovno prakso v organizacije kot del njihovega rednega izobraževalnega programa. Nas namen je bil ugotoviti kaksni so osebni motivi uporabnikov v teh organizacijah in njihove izkusnje med sodelovanjem v tem programu., kaksne su njihove pritožbe, kaj so pridobili, kaksni so njihova priporocila in komentarji. Evalvacija je pokazala, da je vecina uporabnikov poleg tega, da je dobivala podporo in prakticno pomoc pri vsakodnevnih dejavnostih ter izboljsala družabne stike, cutila tudi da so neposredno udeleženi v procesu izobraževanja za socialno delo. Zdi se da je bila najveca pridobitev to, da so doživljali proces kot medsebojno dajanje i prejemanje, saj so dajali socialnim delavcem informacije in znanje kot uporabniki. Izmed 56 uporabnikov se jih je tega programa za obdobje od dveh do sestih let udeležilo 38, namen pa imajo nadaljevati s to » ; ; ; tradicijo« ; ; ; ker pridobivajo iskusnje v vlogi » ; ; ; uporabnika kot ucitelja i strokovnjaka« ; ; ; . Vse vec raziskav na podrocjo vkljucevanja uporabnikov in prespektive uporabnikov pa kaže kako kompleksen je proces dolocanja vloge uporabnikov storitev v socialnem delu z idejami krepitve moci, partnerstva, participacije in vkljucenosti. Vendar uporabniki se vedno porocajo o tem, da imajo zelo malo izbire, kar zadeva storitve socialnega dela in procese odlocanja. Ugotovitve tega predavanja podupiro prepricanje, da je treba v proces izobraževanja za socijalno delo vkljuciti uporabnike kot kompetentne udeležence v njem. To je tudi zelo ucinkovit nacin, da odkrijemo, kaksno vlogo bi uporabniki radi imeli v razvoju socialnega dela.
Comparing the Morphological Differences of Conidiophore Development in the Aspergilli

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Introduction and Objectives References Conclusion Methods Conidiation is a unique characteristic of asexual reproduction that occurs primarily in Ascomycota. In particular the shape and form of conidiophores in the Aspergilli were used in this study. Understanding conidiation is important because these spores are always present in the air aiding in disease initiation and allergic reactions. In order to generate the findings, several strains of Aspergillus were allowed to conidiate on Riddell mounts and viewed on the microscope. Each of these mounts were observed and images were captured with the microscope. There was no relationship between morphological and phylogenetic differences. The morphological traits in some strains were similar, however, the evolution of genus Aspergillus , as indicated by the phylogeny, shows that physical characters evolved independently. • Conidia are present in the air everywhere and these spores are important in disease initiation and allergy development • Study conidia development in different Aspergillus spp. to help improve knowledge of conidiation • Compare physical traits for commonalities and differences • This study is part of a worldwide comparative genomics projected funded by JGI (Joint Genome Institute) and led by Ronald de Vries to study more than twenty Aspergillus spp. • Hypothesis: Distinct morphological traits associated with conidiation in Aspergillus correlate with the evolutionary history of the genus •Strains received from CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre •All strains were grown on Vishniac minimal medium •Riddell Mounts for production and imaging of conidiophores •Germination •Imaging used Olympus microscope with 60x lens and Hamamatsu camera •Took images with SlideBook software •Image prepared with Photoshop CS5 Fig. 1. Phylogeny of various Aspergillus species. •Houbraken, J, and RA Samson. Phylogeny of Penicillium and the segregation of Trichocomaceae into three families.. 2011. Graphic. EUFGEN: EURotiales Functional GENomics consortiumWeb. 7 Aug 2013. •Thom , Charles, and Kenneth B. Raper. A manual of the Aspergilli. Baltimore: The Willliams & Wilkins Company, 1945. 10-286. Print. •Varga, J, S Kocsube , B Toth , JC Frisvad , G Perrone , A Susca, M Meijer , and RA. Samson. Aspergillus brasiliensis sp. nov., a biseriate black Aspergillus species with world-wide distribution.. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 57;1925-32., Table 1. variation of physical characteristics Results