jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MODEL VIBRATION TESTS FOR THE SEISMIC EARTH PRESSURE ACTING ON THE RIGID CAISSON FOUNDATION AND ITS ANALYSES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports research on the seismic earth pressure acting on a caisson foundation, using model vibration tests. In order to account for the characteristics of the seismic earth pressure influenced by the backfill ground vibration, the frequency of an input sinusoidal wave was chosen from 1 Hz to 50 Hz. The seismic earth pressure was separated into a static component and a dynamic component. The fundamental change in the dynamic earth pressure with frequency, the effect of the caisson mass on the dynamic earth pressure, and its phase difference from the inertia force of the caisson and its distribution were measured. The applicability of the Mononobe-Okabe formula was studied by comparing results obtained using this with those obtained in the experiment. The experimental results were also analysed using a numerical model called the rigid body- ground spring Good agreement was obtained between the experiment and the numerical model. It was found reasonable that the seismic earth pressure was separated into two parts, the dynamic component and the static one.
Data Science: A Powerful Catalyst for Cross-Sector Collaborations to Transform the Future of Global Health—Developing a New Interactive Relational Mapping Tool (Demo)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The increasingly complex and rapidly changing global health and socioeconomic landscape requires fundamentally new ways of thinking, acting, and collaborating to solve growing systems challenges. Cross-sectoral collaborations between governments, businesses, international organizations, private investors, academia, and nonprofits are essential for lasting success in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and securing a prosperous future for the health and well-being of all people (United Nations, n.d United Nations. (n.d.). SDGs: Sustainable development knowledge platform. Sustainable Development United Nations. Retrieved from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/ [Google Scholar].). Our aim is to use data science and innovative technologies to map diverse stakeholders and their initiatives around SDGs and specific health targets—with particular focus on SDG 3 (Good Health & Well Being) and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals)—to accelerate cross-sector and multidisciplinary collaborations. Initially, the mapping tool focuses on Geneva, Switzerland as the world center of global health diplomacy with over 80 key stakeholders and influencers present. As we develop the next level pilot, we aim to build on users' interests, with a potential focus on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as one of the emerging and most pressing global health issues that requires new collaborative approaches. Building on this pilot, we can later expand beyond only SDG 3 to other SDGs.
Assessment of CPT-based methods for liquefaction evaluation in a liquefaction potential index framework

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In practice, several competing liquefaction evaluation procedures (LEPs) are used to compute factors of safety against soil liquefaction, often for use within a liquefaction potential index (LPI) framework to assess liquefaction hazard. At present, the influence of the selected LEP on the accuracy of LPI hazard assessment is unknown, and the need for LEP-specific calibrations of the LPI hazard scale has never been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of three CPT-based LEPs from the literature, operating within the LPI framework, for predicting the severity of liquefaction manifestation. Utilising more than 7000 liquefaction case studies from the 2010–2011 Canterbury (NZ) earthquake sequence, this study found that: (a) the relationship between liquefaction manifestation severity and computed LPI values is LEP-specific; (b) using a calibrated, LEP-specific hazard scale, the performance of the LPI models is essentially equivalent; and (c) the existing LPI framework has inherent limitations, resulting in inconsistent severity predictions against field observations for certain soil profiles, regardless of which LEP is used. It is unlikely that revisions of the LEPs will completely resolve these erroneous assessments. Rather, a revised index which more adequately accounts for the mechanics of liquefaction manifestation is needed.
CHAPTER 9. Antioxidant Activity of Imidazole Dipeptides – Prevention of DNA and Protein Degradation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A previous study reported an effective method for estimating the inhibitory activities of naturally occurring antioxidants based on the degradation of target proteins by ROS. However, estimation of hydrogen peroxide was previously omitted due to its inefficiency in degrading proteins. The four major ROS types, including H2O2, ClO˙, OH˙ and ONOO˙, were employed for a novel examination of the antioxidant activities of various naturally occurring food-derived substances using DNA degradation. All ROS produced dose-dependent DNA degradation, consistent with observations using the protein degradation system. Our method enabled the determination of ROS-specific antioxidant potency. We found that the most potent antioxidant against the ClO˙ radical was a mixture of anserine–carnosine, imidazole dipeptides isolated from chicken extract, while ferulic acid was the most potent against the OH˙ radical, and vitamin C and the imidazole dipeptides were the most potent against the ONOO˙ radical. For hydrogen peroxide, the imidazole dipeptides exerted the strongest antioxidative effect examined. Finally, anserine appeared to be particularly capable of preventing DNA degradation by all four ROS examined.
O3-S6.04 Multi-site screening for lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in the USA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Lymphogranuloma venereum is a clinical condition caused by infection with one of the Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) L serovars. Proper diagnosis of LGV is critical as the treatment varies significantly from antibiotic therapy utilised for other CT infections. LGV has re-emerged in Europe as an important sexually transmitted infection (STI), particularly in men who have sex with men (MSM), due to an outbreak in the Netherlands. LGV surveillance data for the USA is lacking as LGV screening is not routinely performed, even in high risk populations. This study presents LGV surveillance data from multiple sites in the USA. Methods 1671 rectal samples from African-American MSM participating in a study of the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN 061) BROTHERS Project, were collected from six different cities: Los Angeles and San Francisco CA, Atlanta, GA, Boston MA, Washington D.C., New York, NY; and tested for CT by Aptima Combo 2 (Gen-Probe). Additionally, 127 samples from men from Baltimore, MD who reported anal sex or were symptomatic for CT, and had rectal swabs positive for CT by Combo 2 were also included. All samples were screened for LGV utilising a previously verified LGV specific real-time PCR to determine if the samples were positive for any one of the CT L serovars. Results Of the 1671 HPTN 061 samples, 112 (6.75%) were positive for CT and 102 of these have been screened thus far for LGV; none were LGV+. Of 127 CT+ samples from Baltimore, two were LGV+. Thus, of 229 CT+ rectal samples, only 2 (0.87%), tested positive for LGV by real-time PCR. Conclusions Less than 1% of the CT positive samples obtained from rectal swabs from MSM in the US tested positive for LGV. The samples utilised for this study were from a population presumably at high risk for acquisition of LGV, as all samples tested were from men who had either tested positive for CT, reported anal sex, or were symptomatic for CT infection. The prevalence for LGV in this study was quite low, while the non LGV CT prevalence was high in African American MSM from the six cities. Concomitant STDs are thought to drive the disproportionate HIV epidemic among African American MSM and the low prevalence of LGV in this study is of interest. LGV has re-emerged as an important STI in Europe, however this data suggests that it has either not re-emerged in the U.S. or has re-emerged in a population that is not being screened.
The Partonic Origin of Multiplicity Scaling in Heavy and Light Flavor Jets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Research shows that Koba–Nielsen–Olesen (KNO)-like scaling is fulfilled inside the jets, which indicates that KNO scaling is violated by complex vacuum quantum chromodynamics (QCD) processes outside the jet development, such as single and double parton scattering or softer multiple parton interactions. In the current work, we investigated the scaling properties of heavy-flavor jets using Monte-Carlo simulations. We found that while jets from leading-order flavor-creation processes exhibit flavor-dependent patterns, heavy-flavor jets from production in parton showers follow inclusive-jet patterns. This suggests that KNO-like scaling is driven by initial hard parton production and not by processes in the later stages of the reaction.
Roads to development? A comparison of development corridors vs regional roads in the Zambezi Region, Namibia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Despite the increasing popularity of development corridors, their effectiveness in promoting regional development compared to regional roads remains uncertain. This study utilised satellite imagery to compare land use transformation within a 10km corridor effect zone along the Walvis Bay - Ndola - Lubumbashi Development Corridor (WBNLDC) and regional roads in Namibia's Zambezi Region. Overall, the Zambezi Region experienced a strong increase in built-up areas (+165%) and cultivated land (+136%) between 2000 and 2023 at the expense of forest (−18%) and grasslands (−18%). Cultivated and built-up areas expanded most intensively along regional roads, where most of the population resides, particularly after road tarring. This suggests regional roads drive land use change more effectively. The findings imply that local communities profit more from regional roads, and targeted investment in such infrastructures might be more beneficial to support the region's food basket goals and improve livelihoods rather than international corridors like the WBNLDC.
Electronic and optical properties of finite zigzag carbon nanotubes with and without Coulomb interaction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The effects of electron-electron interaction on properties of zigzag carbon nanotubes with caps at both ends are theoretically investigated by employing an extended Peierls-Hubbard model. The electron-electron interaction is treated within the frame of Hartree-Fock approximation. Then the electronic structures and optical properties of zigzag nanotubes with and without the electron-electron interaction are investigated. Furthermore, we also study the dependence of its electronic and optical properties on its length.
More than carrying a bag? The role of the caddie in facilitating a golfer’s psychological performance.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Psychological factors affecting golfing performance have been widely researched within the sport psychology literature. Although there is a general consensus on these, the sport offers a unique environment whereby at the highest-level golfers compete with a caddie. Despite the proximity and potential influence on the golfer, the role and perspective of the caddie has been overlooked. This study therefore sought to ascertain caddies’ perceptions of their role in facilitating a golfer’s psychological performance. One semi-structured interview was conducted with seven male active caddies (M age = 35.57, SD = 9.78), working across six professional tours. Caddies reported a mean experience of 9.25 years (SD = 8.39) and 1.7 years with their current player (SD = 1.09). Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three themes were identified: a) it’s more than carrying a bag, b) caddying, it’s a people thing, and c) confidence is a two-way street. The study provides an insight to the role of the caddie, the specific processes employed, and the factors which influence their ability to facilitate a golfer’s psychological performance. It is intended that findings and implications for practice will enhance understanding for professionals and sport psychologists working within golf. In addition, educational tools are warranted to develop the knowledge and subsequent evidence-based practice of aspiring and currently active caddies.
The ecological perspective of sport and sustainable development

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract To date, we have not resolved the climate issues that impact sport and society. This chapter promotes the groundwork (as illustrated in a plethora of examples presented) and builds on successes to further climate action within all aspects of sport. The discussion opens with an overview of our climate issue and its impacts on sport. It then turns to the development of partnerships in the process of mitigating and managing the problem. Many effective diverse partnerships that have aided in promoting awareness of – and action for – safeguarding our climate are outlined. Finally, the chapter pushes for those in sport to continuously seek additional partnerships to aid in the ongoing pursuit of successful climate action. Overall, sport is positioned well to illustrate how to advance climate action and successfully safeguard the natural environment for sport and society. Readers are encouraged to contemplate sport in their local area and the types of partnerships generated to aid climate action.
Mixed Dithiolate Durene-DT and Monothiolate Phenylethanethiolate Protected Au130Nanoparticles with Discrete Core and Core-Ligand Energy States

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new type of gold nanoparticle with interesting energetics has been created by employing a mixture of dithiol durene (Durene-DT) and monothiol phenylethanethiol (PhC2S) in the synthesis. The average composition of these mixed thiolate clusters is characterized to be Au(130)(Durene-DT)(29)(PhC2S)(22). Continuous quantized core charging behaviors were observed at lower potentials in voltammetric measurements, while ligand reaction and core-ligand interactions were observed at higher potentials. The absorbance spectrum displays discrete absorption bands at ca. 355, 490, 584, and 718 nm. The electrochemical and absorbance features are correlated through the determined energy states and charging energy. Broad near-IR luminescence was observed, associated with significant relaxation of excitation energy. Such interesting optical and electrochemical properties are attributed to the nanoparticle core size, ligand composition, and core-ligand charge delocalization determined by the dithiolate molecular structure.
Interval Form of Carbon Monoxide Intoxication

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 41-year-old gentleman attempted suicide by burning charcoal in an enclosed room. He was found unconscious and was intubated for poor Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). He was successfully extubated and transferred to our hospital on day 6. Initial physical examination showed no neurological deficits with normal scoring of Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA). Computerized tomography (CT scan) of the brain was done on day 8 (Figure 1). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain done on day 10 was shown in Figure 2A and Figure 2B. He had major depression and was transferred to the care of psychiatrist. Initial neuropsychological assessment showed subtle deficits in learning, retrieval of information and verbal fluency.
Thinking Without Global Generalisations: A Cognitive Defence of Moral Particularism1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In their article entitled "Ethical Particularism and Patterns", Frank Jackson, Philip Pettit, and Michael Smith (JPS henceforth) argue that moral particularism is a cognitively implausible theory since it appears to entail the view that one might have a skill that is not grounded in an ability to recognise and represent natural patterns in the world. This charge echoes the complaints of computational theorists of cognition against their embodied cognition counterparts, namely that, theories of cognition that eschew talk of mental representation are implausible qua theories of cognition. In both debates, the cognitive role of generalisation is central to the discussion; however, contrary to the received wisdom, I want to suggest that the dispute is not between generalisation or mental representation on the one hand and no generalisation or mental representation on the other, but rather between what I will call global and local generalisation. Using the dialogue between JPS and Dancy (our paradigm particularist) to frame this discussion, I show that by replacing Dancy's connectionist model for particularist reasoning with a case‐based one, we not only vindicate his response to JPS, but we also gain insight into how it is the global/local distinction rather than the generalisation/no generalisation distinction that divides the two views.
Zea mays 18827

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Zea mays
Common name(s): Maize, Milho, Maïs
Conserved by: SADC Plant Genetic Resources Centre (SRGB), Zambia
Local sample unique identifier: 18827
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2017-08-25
Other identifiers: n/a,SGB191100282
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
The vertebral heart scale on CT is correlated to radiographs in dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract The vertebral heart scale (VHS) has long been used as an objective standard for evaluation of cardiac silhouette size on thoracic radiographs and plays a key role in the diagnosis as well as the assessment of the severity of canine heart disease. Based on our review of the literature, there has been no published study describing an objective method for measuring overall heart size using computed tomography (CT) in canine patients. The goals of this exploratory prospective method comparison study were to describe a method for objectively evaluating heart size on canine thoracic CT images, determine whether there was a correlation between the VHS when applied to a right lateral thoracic radiograph and a sagittal image of a thoracic CT scan, and determine the effect of cardiac phase on a VHS measured on CT. A method for measuring VHS on canine CT studies was defined. Data were collected on canine patients admitted to The Ohio State Veterinary Medical Center. Each patient received an ECG‐gated thoracic CT immediately followed by a right lateral thoracic radiograph. The VHS was measured on non‐gated, systolic, and diastolic sagittal CT reformatted images. Our results indicated that cardiac gating may not be necessary when assessing canine heart size on CT. When comparing the VHS on gated and non‐gated CT to the VHS on radiographs, there was a moderate to high degree of correlation; however, there was a high degree of variability between CT and radiography.
Analysis of Selection and Crossover Methods used by Genetic Algorithm-based Heuristic to solve the LSP Allocation Problem in MPLS Networks under Capacity Constraints

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

1. Abstract The Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a popular routing technique for IP networks, where the core problem is to find a route (called LSP) that satisfy all the capacity constraints imposed by a specific trac. Genetic algorithms come as a simple, appealing solution approach, but one that requires careful choices concerning initial population generation, crossover, mutation and selection. The present paper discusses the influence of dierent crossover and selection methods in achieving a fast and accurate convergence of the genetic algorithm, when solving the MPLS allocation problem. The experimental results, using dierent network topologies such as Carrier, Dora, and Mesh, have shown that uniform crossover and Stochastic Remainder Sampling selection are the most suitable combination to solve the problem.
Artificial Sweeteners Induce Glucose Intolerance by Altering the Gut Microbiota

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Noncaloric artificial sweeteners (NASs) are popular because of their low caloric intake and perceived health benefits for weight loss and normalization of blood sugar levels. Artificial sweeteners have been increasingly introduced as an additive into common foods as an alternative to high-caloric sugars. However, increased consumption has coincided with a dramatic increase worldwide in obesity and diabetes epidemics. Scientific data supporting the safety and benefits of NAS consumption are sparse and controversial. Most NASs are not digested in the gastrointestinal tract and directly encounter the intestinal microbiota. The diet modulates microbiota composition and function in the healthy/lean state as well as in obesity and diabetes mellitus. Intestinal dysbiosis has been associated with propensity to metabolic syndrome. The investigators studied NAS-mediated changes of microbiota composition and function of mice to determine whether chronic NAS consumption exacerbates glucose intolerance in mice. Formulations of saccharin, sucralose, or aspartame were added to the drinking water of mice. The data provide conclusive proof that NAS-mediated intestinal dysbiosis is directly responsible for the development of glucose intolerance in mice. Treating mice with antibiotics eradicated many intestinal bacteria and fully reversed artificial sweeteners' effects on glucose metabolism. Transfer of fecal microbiota from mice that consumed artificial sweeteners to "germ-free" mice resulted in a complete transmission of the glucose intolerance into the recipient mice. Incubating the microbiota anerobically with artificial sweeteners also induced glucose intolerance in the sterile mice. Profound changes in the population of intestinal bacteria have been linked to host susceptibility to obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases in both mice and humans. Similar NAS-induced dysbiosis and glucose intolerance were demonstrated in healthy human subjects. These findings show that NAS consumption in both mice and humans increases the risk of glucose intolerance through adverse metabolic effects mediated by intestinal dysbiosis. The data suggest that the widespread use of NAS should be reassessed.
Characterization of autism spectrum disorder caused by alterations in complex genomic regions : molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders, the etiology of which is unknown in the majority of cases. Little is known about complex genomic regions containing part of the missing heritability. In this thesis, we have assessed three complex genomic regions including the well-known 7q11.23 locus and unexplored 8p23.1 and 17q21.31 loci bearing common inversions. We have performed genomic and transcriptomic analyses to unravel common pathophysiological mechanisms in ASD patients with several susceptibility variants (Dup7, inv8p23.1 and inv17q21.31) and also in idiopathic patients considering a multiple-hit model. By using these strategies, we have uncovered several pathways and GO categories, including cholesterol biosynthesis, actin cytoskeletal dynamics, glutamate receptor signaling and immune-inflammatory pathways, that could partially contribute to the underlying molecular mechanism of ASD. Lastly, our data supports the implication of previously ASD-related genes and points out the potential role of novel ASD candidate genes such as NR4A3, SLC12A6 or DUSP6.