jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Photobiomodulation on Full‐Thickness Skin Graft Survival in Rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the photobiomodulation effects on the receptor area for full‐thickness skin graft integration. Methods Thirty‐Six Wistar rats were divided: red laser (660 nm), infrared laser (808 nm), and control. A skin segment with 5 × 3 cm was removed. In the control, the skin was reallocated after a 180° rotation. For the 660 nm and 808 nm, the receptor area was first irradiated, and then the skin was reallocated the same as the control. Euthanasia occurred on the third and seventh days after the procedure, and macroscopical of necrosis and histological analysis were realized. Results The 660 nm reached the lowest necrosis percentage on Day 7. In the 808 nm, necrosis increased between the two periods. Similar morphological findings were observed for the control and 660 nm; however, the 808 nm showed significant alterations in fibrosis and inflammatory infiltrate. Conclusion The infrared wavelength showed inferior performance on skin graft integration compared to the control and the red wavelength.
Protein Electrocatalysis for Direct Sensing of Circulating MicroRNAs

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potentially useful biomarkers for diagnosis, classification, and prognosis of many diseases, including cancer. Herein, we developed a protein-facilitated electrocatalytic quadroprobe sensor (Sens(PEQ)) for detection of miRNA signature of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in human serum. The developed signal-ON sensor provides a compatible combination of two DNA adaptor strands modified with four methylene blue molecules and electrocatalysis using glucose oxidase in order to enhance the overall signal gain. This enhanced sensitivity provided the response necessary to detect the low-abundant serum miRNAs without preamplification. The developed Sens(PEQ) is exquisitely sensitive to subtle π-stack perturbations and capable of distinguishing single base mismatches in the target miRNA. Furthermore, the developed sensor was employed for profiling of three endogenous miRNAs characteristic to CLL, including hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, and hsa-miR-150-5p in normal healthy serum, chronic lymphocytic leukemia Rai stage 1 (CLL-1), and stage 3 (CLL-3) sera, using a non-human cel-miR-39-3p as an internal standard. The sensor results were verified by conventional SYBR green-based quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis.
KLEBSIELLA SEROTYPES IN INFECTIONS OF THE EAR AND UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The carbohydrate nature of the Klebsiella capsule was first demonstrated by Toenniessen (1912Toenniessen ( , 1921)).However, as recently emphasized by Tomcsik (1956), he was unaware of its antigenic reactivity.The serological specificity of capsular polysaccharide was described by Heidelberger and Avery (1923, 1924).On the basis of this work, Julianelle (1926) demonstrated three capsular types, A, B, and C, and a heterogeneous group X, including several untyped strains.The source of Julianelle's strains was mainly sputum from cases of human pneu- monia.Type C has subsequently been associated with rhinoscieroma.Gastings and Snijders (1936) later extended these types to six, by describing three additional types, D, E, and F, isolated from cases of ozaena.In Kauffmann's (1949) classification, these types are designated 1-6 and subsequently discovered types by higher numerals.Including the three types recently described by Orskov (1955a), the present number of serotypes has reached a total of 72.Although these have been isolated from a wide variety of sources, there is general agreement that the lower types, especially 1-6, are far more frequently recovered from the respiratory tract than elsewhere in the body.Henriksen (1954a), analysing 46 sputum strains, found that 54 % were lower types.Similarly Edwards and Fife (1955) showed that 53% of 199 sputum and 90% of 20 naso- pharyngeal strains belonged to types 1-6.There are, however, obvious regional differences in the distribution of individual types, as, in Copenhagen,
The expression and clinical significance of S100A9 protein in gastric cancer of intestinal type

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective
To investigate the expression and clinical significance of pro-inflammation S100A9 protein in intestinal type gastric cancer.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological materials of the 278 patients who were diagnosed as Lauren classification intestinal gastric cancer and underwent surgical treatment between January and December 2008 at the Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of S100A9 protein in tumor tissues and para-tumor tissues.

Results
High expression of S100A9 protein was associated with the depth of tumor invasion (P=0.013), lymph node metastasis (81.4%, 53.9%, 47.3% vs. 84.7%, 69.3%, 60.7%, χ2=4.220, P=0.041) and TNM stage (P=0.010). The overall survival rate of these patients with high expression of S100A9 protein was significantly lower than those with low expression of S100A9 protein. In stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ patients, the overall survival rate of these patients with high expression of S100A9 protein was significantly lower than those with low expression of S100A9 protein. Moreover, for those patients who received postoperative chemotherapy, the prognosis of the patients with high expression of S100A9 protein was poorer than those with low expression. By multivariable analysis, the expression of S100A9 protein was not an independent risk factor for the prognosis of intestinal gastric cancer patients.

Conclusions
High expression of S100A9 protein in intestinal gastric cancer was associated with poor prognosis.

Key words:
Stomach neoplasm; Survival rate; Prognosis; Inflammation
LHD NB1arm #193269.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The neutral beam (NB) shine-through profile is routinely monitored on the Large Helical Device (LHD) both to calibrate the port-through power of the NB and to evaluate the NB-deposition power to LHD plasmas. The profile is measured with a calorimeter (CM) array on an armor plate of the NB counter wall inside the LHD vacuum vessel.
Hiding in Plain Sight: Characterization of Aeromonas Species Isolated from a Recreational Estuary Reveals the Carriage and Putative Dissemination of Resistance Genes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the greatest challenges worldwide, hampering the treatment of a plethora of infections. Indeed, the AMR crisis poses a threat to the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and, due to its multisectoral character, a holistic approach is needed to tackle this issue. Thus, the investigation of environments beyond the clinic is of utmost importance. Here, we investigated thirteen strains of antimicrobial-resistant Aeromonas isolated from an urban estuary in Brazil. Most strains carried at least one antimicrobial resistance gene and 11 carried at least one heavy metal resistance gene. Noteworthy, four (30.7%) strains carried the blaKPC gene, coding for a carbapenemase. In particular, the whole-genome sequence of Aeromonas hydrophila strain 34SFC-3 was determined, revealing not only the presence of antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance genes but also a versatile virulome repertoire. Mobile genetic elements, including insertion sequences, transposons, integrative conjugative elements, and an IncQ1 plasmid were also detected. Considering the ubiquity of Aeromonas species, their genetic promiscuity, pathogenicity, and intrinsic features to endure environmental stress, our findings reinforce the concept that A. hydrophila truly is a “Jack of all trades’’ that should not be overlooked under the One Health perspective.
Advancing a “Good Life” for Farm Animals: Development of Resource Tier Frameworks for On-Farm Assessment of Positive Welfare for Beef Cattle, Broiler Chicken and Pigs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There is increasing recognition that farm animal welfare standards should ensure positive welfare, as well as prevent negative welfare. Resources that are valued by an animal and that provide opportunities to engage in motivated behaviours can elicit positive physical and emotional states and therefore positive welfare and a “good life” for farmed animals. Evaluation of resource provision is considered the best way of assessing positive welfare at present, in the absence of validated and practical animal-based measures. Previous research has outlined a framework of three tiers of increasingly positive welfare (Welfare +, Welfare ++, Welfare +++) containing resources that incrementally increase the opportunities for a good life over and above the requirements of UK law and code of practice. Based on this blueprint, “Good Life Frameworks” were developed for beef cattle, broiler chickens and pigs, containing resources that increase good life opportunities according to the scientific literature and expert consultation. We describe the initial development of these frameworks, including a piloting exercise with the UK farm assurance industry, to further refine the frameworks according to auditor and farmer feedback, and test the frameworks as a method of on-farm assessment and assurance of a “good life” for farm animals.
The karyotypic characterisation of the Large Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber, 1774) (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Iran

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The diploid number of chromosomes of the karyotype of the Large Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum from West Azerbaijan, Iran, is 2n=58, the fundamental number of chromosomes NF=62, and the number of chromosomal arms NFa=58. The Iranian karyotype thus shows similarity to different populations in neighbouring countries as regards the diploid chromosome number, but it is quite different in the fundamental chromosome number and the number of autosomal arms.
0D–1D hybrid nanoarchitectonics: tailored design of FeCo@N–C yolk–shell nanoreactors with dual sites for excellent Fenton-like catalysis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Novel 0D–1D hybrid nanoarchitectonics consisting of FeCo@N–C yolk–shell nanoreactors are developed for Fenton-like reaction. With the multilevel advantages of this design, FeCo@N–C nano-necklaces exhibit excellent performance for BPA removal.
Theatre in the expanded field: seven approaches to performance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Alan Read's book, Theatre in the Expanded Field, is in one sense a response to Richard Southern's The Seven Ages of the Theatre (1962), as the subtitle suggests. However, the main title's echoing of Rosalind Krauss's essay, 'Sculpture in the Expanded Field' (p. xxxiii), signals Read's intentional incorporation of other artistic genres in his work. A further influence is Richard Schechner's concepts of performance, developed around the early 1960s, when Southern was writing The Seven Ages. Both Southern's and Schechner's theories about theatre and performance played a significant role in shaping and understanding the relationship between contemporary theatre and performance (p. xi) and set in motion a new trajectory in theatre and performance studies. It is from this trajectory that Read's book emerges.
Original Contribution SUBCULTURES: FROM SOCIAL TO POLITICAL

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The understanding of political structure and political institutions is not enough for grasping the political process. The latter can be understood by the study of political culture as well as political structure. But political culture of a nation is not homogenous. It has different manifestations, some threatening the existing order, while others are simply different from it. These manifestations can be summarized by the controversial term “political subculture”. The purpose of the current paper is to trace the use of the term subculture in social science and its shift in political research by implementation of a comparative approach. The reviewed works indicate a strong relation between the terminology used in the social science and the usage of the term subculture in political studies. Although there are differences between the social and political as concern the prevailing usage of the term, in certain aspects the designations are completely identical in their use.
[Barriers to socio-professional integration of people with severe mental disorders: empirical data and theoretical points of reference.].

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The authors describe the barriers related to socio-professional integration of people with severe mental disorders according to different perspectives of various people involved. Focus groups (22) have been conducted in almost every region in Quebec involving 87 participants in vocational rehabilitation programs, 47 non participants and 51 employers. Eighty (80) vocational program administrator completed a questionaire. The barriers identified by these groups are compared with those described in other studies. It seems that the results are similar: the main obstacle is prejudice towards mental illness and people with mental disorders, no matter who is questionned. Barriers to socio-professional integration are reviewed according to the theories of feeling of self-efficiency (Bandura, 1977,1997), causal attribution (Weiner, 1986) and planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991, 1996). Analysis of barriers to socio-professional integration carried out in the light of these three theories, allows to suggest points of reference for new tools and integration strategies.
Problem-based learning model based mathematics student worksheet for improving grade IV students’ critical thinking skill at elementary school

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the implementation of a PBL-based Student Worksheet to improve students’ critical thinking skills (2) to determine the improvement of students’ critical thinking skills. The participants in this study were 11 teachers of high class at SD N 2 Sumberejo. This study took a qualitative approach by using a research instrument in the form of structured interviews. The research subjects were fourth-grade students of SD N 2 Sumberejo. The approach in this study is a qualitative approach. The results of the study found that PBL-based worksheets were very effective in improving the critical thinking skills of fifth-graders at SD N 2 Sumberejo
Feminism and the Victorian Novel in the 1970s

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter contains section titled: Extract from Elaine Showalter, A Literature of their Own: British Women Novelists from Brontë to Lessing (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977), 19–32. Extract from Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar, The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-century Literary Imagination (New Haven, Conn, and London: Yale University Press, 1979), 356–62.
Trust game structure of a single round.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

<p>At the start of each round, investors were allocated 100 monetary units (MUs) from which they could send any amount to the trustee for investment. After receiving the transferred amount multiplied by a factor of 3 (3<i>y</i> MU), the trustee could then return any amount to the investor. Trustee reciprocity was randomized to fall between 33–44% and 0–10% to induce violation and repair, respectively.</p>
Disentangling the Regeneration Niche of Vatica odorata (Griff.) Symington Using Point Pattern Analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Seed dispersal and environmental heterogeneity, and the effects of their interaction, are perceived to be determinants of the spatial patterns of trees. We applied the spatial point process to analyse Vatica odorata (Griff.) Symington (Dipterocarpaceae) in Cuc Phuong National Park of Vietnam to understand its spatial patterns, and to decipher the main factors affecting seedling establishment of the species. We established a total of 12 replicated plots, each of which had one or two seed trees in the centre, and recorded all regeneration plants of V. odorata with their positions. A total of 671 regeneration plants were found. Covariates, including canopy, ground cover, and distance to seed trees, were measured on systematic grids of 4 × 4 m. In the context of the spatial point processes, we used a generalised linear mixed model, considering a random effect of the plot. In the model, the greatest distance observed is about 35 m from the seed tree. The canopy and ground cover have a significant impact on the regeneration of the species: The intensity of regenerating stems was greatest with a canopy cover of 70%. The ground cover range for good development of regenerating plants was between 10 and 30%.
Nail involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: Diagnostic and prognostic Clues

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Despite its rarity, nail involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) may show various clinical presentations. This study aims to show the roles of nail involvement in LCH patients as the diagnostic and prognostic clues. Case illustrations: We presented four cases of multisystem LCH in children which were already confirmed by skin biopsy with various nail abnormalities. We were able to perform nail biopsy in two patients and confirmed the nail involvement. Histopathological examination showed the infiltration of Langerhans cells characterized by indented/reniform nuclei and CD1a expressions. All patients had high-risk organ involvements. Discussion: Langerhans cells may infiltrate the nail bed, proximal nail fold, and nail matrix. Further infiltration may destruct the nail plate. Hypothetically, we suggest that the nail bed as the initial infiltration site of Langerhans cells. The different sites of involvement lead to different clinical presentation. Nail abnormalities may predict a poorer prognosis, as they mostly occur in patients with multisystem disease. Conclusions: Nails should be routinely inspected in the suspicion of LCH. The presence of nail abnormalities in LCH patients may predict a poorer prognosis.
Development of a family of new handheld UV raman sensors for standoff detection

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Alakai Defense Systems has recently developed what we believe is the first one-handed UV Raman sensor for standoff detection of chemicals, which we refer to as the Situational Awareness for First Responders (SAFR-1). Alakai is now expanding that product line to offer a higher performance version called SAFR-2 for longer range and trace detection. SAFR-1 detects bulk and residue quantities of material up to a range of 5 m. Since it is lightweight, SAFR can also be deployed on Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV's) or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). SAFR-2 incorporates an Intensified CCD (ICCD) array for more sensitivity and trace detection capability.
Simple Formula for Whiteness; Its Application to Cements

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The coefficients of the spectral reflectances β1, β2, and β3 (at 430, 560, and 660 mμ, respectively) in the formula W = aβ1 + bβ2 + cβ3 were determined by least squares to fit visual judgments of the whitenesses of two groups of white cement samples. Somewhat different results were obtained for the two groups, for one of which β2 > β3, for the other set β2 < β3. The results were combined in the formula W = 1.68β1 − 0.34(β2 + β3) − q(β2 − β3), where q = 2.28 when β2 > β3, or q = −0.02 when β2 < β3. This formula was tested by application to the original two sets and to two other sets of white cements which differed even more widely in dominant wavelength. The correlations between the results and the subjective judgments of whiteness were in all cases higher than for any of 15 other whiteness formulas tried.
The change in oral health related-quality of life among adolescents and their families after orthodontic treatment

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: Assess the changes in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents and their parents after overjet reduction. Materials and Methods: 53 patients between the ages of 11-18 years with increased dental overjet (≥ 6mm) and their parents were selected, of which 28 were pre- and 25 were post-treatment with dental overjet reduced to within normal limits. The data collection instrument was the Child Oral Health Quality of Life (COHQoL) Questionnaire. Results: Adolescents and their parents reported poorer quality of life before orthodontic treatment than after. The improvement in oral health-related quality of life was statistically significant for all health domains except for the social well-being domain. Parental reports on (OHRQoL) were in agreement with their children’s. No statistically significant differences were evident in (OHRQoL) between pre- and post-treatment groups. Conclusions: Adolescents with increased dental overjet ≥6mm experienced substantial psycho-social impacts. Adolescents with increased overjet can accurately recall the initial negative effects of the original malocclusion on their lives, even after a time lapse of five years. Orthodontic treatment significantly improves the perceived quality of life of orthodontic patients and their parents
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND PHARMAOCOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF TECOMA GAUDICHAUDI

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tecoma gaudichaudi is a tropical flowering plant in the Bignoniaceae family that is used to treat diabetes.The aim of this research was to evaluate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties.Tecoma gaudichaudi ethanolic extract had considerable antioxidant activity.Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH assay, the radical scavenging method, and the superoxide assay.Antibacterial activity and antifungal activity were performed by cup plate method by using Ciprofloxacin as standard for antibacterial and antifungal activity.Ethanolic extract of Tecomo gaudichaudi shows significant antibacterial effect against S. Aureus, B. Subtilis, P. vulgaris and E. coli using ciprofloxacin (50µg/ml) as standard.Three alternative methods were used to calculate IC 50 values for antioxidant activity.The IC 50 values for T. gaudichaudi (21 g/ml) and ascorbic acid (12 g/ml) were obtained using the DPPH technique.For anti-inflammatory studies the extracts show remarkable zone of inhibition ranging from 58.97 to 72.35 µg/ml respectively compared to standard indomethacin.Steroids, saponins, flavonoids, triterpenes, and phenols are found in preliminary phytochemical investigation.In conclusion, ethanolic extract of Tecomo gaudichaudi shows significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.
Transport properties of pt nanowires fabricated by beam induced deposition

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Technique of electron-beam (EB) or focused-ion-beam (FIB) induced deposition allows us to fabricate nanostructures at arbitrary positions on a substrate. This technique is applied to wiring, prototype device fabrication, mask repair, etc. We recently succeeded in fabricating field-emission electron sources using Pt nanostructures deposited by EB irradiation and characterized the emission properties{ 11. While applications of the beam induced process are thus intensively explored in many fields: there are few reports [2,3] on electron transport properties of the nanowires fabricated by the beam induced deposition. This paper describes fabrication and characterization of Pt nanowires and presents discussion on transport properties of the Pt nanowires fabricated by EB and FIB induced deposition.