jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Linguistic and Cognitive Complexity from Personal Diaries Predicts Late-life Cognitive Health: the Cache County Journal Pilot Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aging population throughout the world is increasing, leading to larger numbers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a price tag for services ranging in the hundreds of billions of dollars. The neurodegenerative process of AD may begin decades before symptom onset, prompting studies of early detection and prevention. The cognitive reserve hypothesis posits that cognitive stimulation throughout the lifespan (e.g. from formal education, occupations, leisure activities) builds neuronal connections in the brain that can delay onset of symptoms even once the neurodegeneration has begun. Expressive writing samples have been used to measure linguistic and cognitive complexity, both potential markers for cognitive reserve. The Cache County Memory Study (CCMS) conducted four waves of dementia ascertainment in an initial panel of 5,092 persons aged 65 and older on 1/1/95. In a sample of 67 of these participants (43% males), writing samples from personal journals earlier in life (as early as age 20), were collected and subjected to linguistic analysis using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC) software. Results yielded average Words per sentence (WPS), and Proportion of Words that are Numerals (PWN). Cognitive status at study entry in the CCMS was measured using the Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (3MS; range 0-100). WPS and PWN were correlated with 3MS scores, for the sample overall and separately by gender. For males, higher WPS was significantly correlated with higher 3MS score (r=0.431, p=0.020), and higher PWN was significantly correlated with lower 3MS (r=-0.504, p=.005), but there were no significant correlations for females. Word Count, Percentage of Six-Letter Words, and Percentage of Unique Words were also analyzed, although none of these predicted 3MS score. In conclusion, these results suggest that early adulthood writing samples may be used to predict later dementia risk. Early prediction would allow time for interventions to delay dementia expression.
Determinants of tourism demand in Greece: A panel data approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Niniejsza praca ma na celu zbadanie determinant popytu turystycznego w Grecji w ciągu ośmiu lat (2004-2011). Turystyka stanowi główny nurt greckiej gospodarki. Udział turystyki w gospodarce waha się tu od 15 do 20% PKB, odpowiednio dla pomiaru wykonywanego bezpośrednio i pośrednio. W artykule zastosowano podejście makroekonometryczne, a przede wszystkim na podstawie istniejącej literatury wykorzystano techniki estymacji danych panelowych dla danych szczegółowych dla kraju (lub regionu), będących kombinacjami składników makroekonomicznych, wskaźników oraz (względnych) wskaźników cen. W użytych specyficznych technikach ekonometrycznych wzięto pod uwagę zarówno właściwości statystyczne zmiennych, jak i różnice przekrojowe między nimi. Głównym wnioskiem przeprowadzonego badania jest to, że podejście wykorzystujące makroekonomiczne dane panelowe do wyjaśnienia wpływów z turystyki prowadzi do stworzenia modelu raczej dobrze dopasowanego, w którym zmienne niezależne dobrze opisują zmienną zależną. Wnioski sugerują również, że określone kierunki polityki kolejnych rządów Grecji (zarówno teraźniejszych, jak i poprzednich), które wskazywały na poprawę konkurencyjności oraz orientacji gospodarki na zewnątrz, mogą rzeczywiście wpłynąć pozytywnie na perspektywy greckiego sektora turystycznego
Cost-effectiveness analysis of darbepoetin after switch from epoetin-beta in patients on hemodialysis: an Italian single-center retrospective study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Darbepoetin (DARB), a human erythropoietin with improved pharmacological parameters (longer half life and a dose-response relationship independent from the route of administration) is a new treatment option for chronic nephropathy-induced anemia that in many Italian dialysis centers is substituting older erythropoietins, mainly due to greater ease of use. At current prices and at the theoretical and recommended 200:1 dose conversion factor, DARB pharmaceutical cost ranges from –9% to +17% of EPO cost. In this monocentric study, real drug consumption and related actual costs of a pre-switch semester with EPO were analysed and compared to the first two post-switch semesters with DARB therapy. Furthermore, erythropoetic response was recorded and related to drug exposition levels, in order to establish a real life EPO:DARB dose conversion factor. In this experience, the conversion factor was estimated in at least 250-280:1, depending on the method adopted for the estimation. The initial dose, chosen on the basis of the recommended conversion factor, induced an excessive erythropoietic response, which was generally followed by a dose reduction and successive titration to target desired Hb levels, generating the spiraliform dose-response curve associated with delayed feed-back mechanisms. The pharmacoeconomical analysis, conducted in the perspective of the public health service, indicated that the choice of substituting DARB for EPO in the treatment of chronic kidney failure-associated anemia is univocally convenient, the former being less costly and more effective.
Linear Frequency Modulation of Oscillators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A technique is described for using varactors to obtain wideband frequency modulation of an oscillator. The modulation characteristics are linear with modulating voltage to within a fraction of a percent over bandwidths of up to 10 percent. Attainable linearity is a function of the bandwidth sought. The technique employed depends on the proper proportioning of a two-pole RF network in which the varactors are a component. It is shown that the higher frequency impedance pole moves linearly with varactor tuning voltage over the desired bandwidths. The technique is theoretically adaptable to any varactor power law. Graphs have been computed for varactors having capacitance of the form C = a/ the square root of V.
From Tianxia to Shijie:The Han Chinese Exploration and Understanding of the World

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Han Dynasty saw an important open China.With Zhang Qian' s first and Ban Chao' s second exploration in Xiyu(west of China),China gained unprecedentedly fruitful understanding of the western world.As a result, the traditional notion of Tianxia worldview began to fall apart,giving rise to such new world - contingent concepts as foreign states,enemy states,xiyu (western region) ,which provided the ancient Chinese with a new perspective on the true world.
Antibacterial Activity of Two Musca domestica Defensin Mutants

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The code of glycine (G) at the thirty-second position of Musca domestica defensin gene was replaced by arginine (cationic amino acids) residue to obtain the first mutant named des-hf-MU1 with site-directed mutagenesis method. Six lysines (K) were attached to the C terminal of des-hf gene to form the second mutant named des-hf-MU2 using the same method. The two mutants were expressed in Pichia pastoris expression system and showed perfect antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Agar diffusion assay showed the anti-bacterial activities of des-hf-MU1 and des-hf-MU2 were 2.4 and 8.0 higher than that of des-hf, respectively. Acidic stability experiment elucidated that the antibacterial activities of the two mutants were highest when pH was 5~6. Thermal stability experiment showed that the antibacterial activities still existed when the two mutants were heated at 100 ℃for 10 min. All results above revealed sufficiently that ds-hf-MU1 and des-hf-MU2 have good perspective for application.
Effect of Row Orientation on Productivity Of Sugarcane With Potato as Intercrop

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was carried out at the Regional Sugarcrop Research Station (RSRS) farm, Thakurgaon under the agro-ecological zone of Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain (AEZ-1) of Bangladesh, during 2016-2017 to 2017-2018 cropping seasons to evaluate the impact of row orientation on the productivity of sugarcane with potato as intercrop. Under the study eight treatments viz T1: Single row cane (SRC) only in north-south direction, T2: SRC + potato in North-South direction, T3: SRC only in east-west direction, T4: SRC + potato in east-west direction,T5: Paired row cane (PRC) only in North-South direction, T6: PRC + potato in north-south direction, T7: PRC only in east-west direction and T8: PRC + potato in east-west direction were tested following Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications Significant differences were found among the observed parameters except germination (%) of setts, number of internodes per stalk and unit stalk weight of sugarcane. The highest number of tiller and millable cane population, cane yield and brix reading were achieved from the treatment SRC + potato in the North-South direction. The highest intercrop yield, equivalent cane yield of intercrop, total adjusted yield and gross return were obtained from the treatment PRC + potato in north-south direction, but the highest net return and benefit cost ratio were obtained from the treatment SRC + potato in the North-South direction. Having the highest cane yield, net return and benefit cost ratio with less variable cost, sugarcane planting in a single row system with potato as intercrop in a North-South row direction could be considered the best package practice for successful sugarcane farming. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2024, 26(2): 7-15
The Formation of Jingdezhen Ceramic Industry Cultural Heritage Landscape and Its Characteristics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The protection and renewal of ceramic industry cultural heritage landscape is an important practice to promote the creative transformation and innovative development of contemporary ceramic culture. This paper analyzes the reasons and characteristics of the ceramic industry cultural heritage landscape in Jingdezhen based on the technological change and the development of ceramic industrialization, aiming to pay attention to and give play to the relevant role of ceramic industry cultural heritage landscape in the construction of the pilot area, and awaken their cultural awareness of ceramic industry. It not only provides a feasible perspective for the study of ceramic culture, but also gives new connotation value to ceramic culture. It will help realize the transformation and development of ceramic culture in the post-industrial era, and provide a certain practical reference for the construction of Jingdezhen National ceramic culture inheritance and innovation experimental zone.
Impact of a downstream C/EBP site on HIV-1 gene expression and pathogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Previous studies have shown that two CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) sites, upstream of the transcriptional start site, are necessary for subtype B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression in cells of the monocytemacrophage lineage. However, no studies have been reported concerning the C/EBP sites within the non-subtype B HIV-1 LTRs or downstream of the transcriptional start site within the subtype B LTR. Electrophoretic mobility shift (EMS) analyses demonstrated that one of three putative downstream C/EBP binding sites (downstream element three, DS3) within the subtype B LTR was able to form a DNA-protein complex containing C/EBP[beta]. By utilizing the DS3-9C variant, which exhibits low DNA binding affinity for C/EBP[beta], it has been shown that the DS3 binding site is important for HIV-1 basal transcription. The DS3-9C-containing LTR exhibits a lower basal transcription level and is able to be transactivated by C/EBP[beta]-2 to a lower extent compared to the parental HIV-1 subtype B LTR. However, upon activation with Tat alone or with C/EBP[beta]-2 together, the DS3-9C-containing LTRs exhibit a similar or even greater transcriptional activation than that of the parental LTR. HIV-1 molecular clone viruses containing the DS3-9C C/EBP binding site variant have revealed a decreased replication capacity and a delayed rate of replication. These results suggest that the DS3-9C configuration might be related to virual persistence and reactivation in cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Furthermore, one C/EBP binding site has been identified within the subtype C LTR. Subtype B and C LTRs are able to be activated by C/EBP[beta]-2 to similar levels in the monocytic cell line, U-937. The interaction observed between C/EBP[beta]-2 and Tat with the subtype B and C LTRs suggest the functionally important transactivation ability of C/EBP[beta] among different subtypes that, under certain circumstances, may be cell type dependent.
Principles of Pediatric Fluid Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This short descriptive text discusses theories of fluid and acid-base homeostasis in basic terms for students, house staff, and clinicians. Each of the first three sections ("Disorders of Hydration," "Acid-Base Disorders," and "Disorders of Potassium Metabolism") provides an ample background in physiological principles to make these topics understandable to the reader. For example, the section on hydration reviews water and electrolyte flux between the extracellular, intracellular, and interstitial compartments. This information is subsequently used to instruct the reader in assessing the severity, type (isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic), and management of dehydration in children. The chapter on acid-base disorders contains extensive descriptions of metabolic and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis, emphasizing the clinical situations that are associated with these disorders. The importance of renal and pulmonary compensatory and corrective mechanisms is discussed. The final two chapters are entitled "Fluid Therapy" and "Parenteral Nutrition in the Pediatric Patient." The former chapter is comprehensive
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF LMA CTRACH VERSUS LMA FASTRACH FOR TRACHEAL INTUBATION

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: TM The intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) or LMA Fastrach was invented as a ventilatory device,and TM as a conduit for blind tracheal intubation. However, intubation through LMA Fastrach requires multiple attempts. LMA TM TM CTrach is a modification of LMA Fastrach and allows intubation under direct vision via an integrated fibreoptic bundle and a detachable liquid crystal display viewer.This study was undertaken to compare the first attempt success rate of TM tracheal intubation through the CTrach laryngeal mask and LMA Fastrach . Methods and Materials:This prospective randomized study was conducted on 100 adults,ASA physical status I and II patients of either sex, scheduled to undergo general anaesthesia requiring tracheal intubation for elective surgery.The patients were randomly allocated to two groups of 50 patients each, to be intubated via CTrach (GROUP CT, n=50) or ILMA (GROUP FT,n=50).The first-attempt and overall success rates of tracheal intubation,the times taken and incidence of pharyngo-laryngeal morbidity,were recorded. Results: Tracheal intubation was successful on the first attempt in 96% of patients with the LMA CTrach™ and 84% of patients with the LMA Fastrach™ (p= 0.045). The success rates within three attempts were 100% in both groups (p=0.124).The mean time taken for the complete tracheal intubation process was 109.6 ± 38.679 seconds with the LMA CTrach™ and 118.68 ±22.342 seconds with the LMA Fastrach™ (p= 0.154). Conclusion: To conclude, both airway devices are comparable and efficacious and the overall success of tracheal intubation was 100% in both groups.
Evaluation of different skin regions derived from a postmortem jaguar, Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758), after vitrification for development of cryobanks from captive animals

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Biological resource banks represent valuable tools for the conservation of species vulnerable to extinction, such as the jaguar. Cryobanks of skins have the potential to safeguard rare genotypes, allowing the potential exploitation of biological samples in animal multiplication technologies and the study of genetic variability. Determination of the most suitable skin regions for tissue conservation can help increase the efficiency of cryobanks and the storage of biological samples. To this end, we evaluated the effects of vitrification of skin tissues from the ear, caudal, and femoral regions of a post‐mortem jaguar belonging to a zoo in Brazil. Non‐vitrified and vitrified samples were evaluated and compared using quantitative methods, focusing on skin thickness, cell quantification, number of perinuclear halos, collagen and elastic density, and proliferative activity. No differences were observed in skin thickness, number of perinuclear halos, elastic density, and proliferative activity between non‐vitrified and vitrified tissues in skin from any region. However, vitrified tissues derived from femoral skin showed a reduction in the number of fibroblasts, epidermal cells and collagen density compared to non‐vitrified tissues. In summary, the ear and caudal regions provided the best conservation of somatic tissues derived from jaguars, and skin samples from these regions are therefore the most suitable for the formation of cryobanks.
Specific antibodies in serum and vaginal mucus of heifers inoculated with a vaccine containing Tritrichomonas foetus.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Thirty-five heifers were allotted to 3 groups. Group 1 (control) consisted of 10 heifers that were not vaccinated and were challenge exposed by breeding to infected bulls. Group 2 (natural challenge exposure) consisted of 10 heifers that were vaccinated and challenge exposed by breeding to infected bulls. Group 3 (experimental challenge exposure) consisted of 15 heifers that were vaccinated and challenge exposed by breeding to infected bulls and by intravaginal inoculation with 10(7) Tritrichomonas foetus. Total immunoglobulin concentrations and specific trichomonal antibodies were determined in serum and vaginal secretions of heifers, using radial immunodiffusion and ELISA procedures. Control heifers remained infected for a mean of 10.6 weeks (range, 0 to 18 weeks), and heifers of the natural and experimental challenge-exposure groups remained infected for 3.2 and 5.0 weeks, respectively (range, 0 to 12 weeks). Total serum and cervicovaginal mucus concentrations of IgM, IgA, IgG1, and IgG2 did not change significantly after vaccination or challenge exposure. However, ELISA titers of total trichomonal antibodies increased up to 1:10,000 (range, 1:400 to 1:10,000) in serum after vaccination, and increased approximately tenfold above background in cervicovaginal mucus. In serum, the predominant trichomonal antibody isotype was IgG1, although trichomonal IgA and IgM antibodies also increased. The predominant trichomonal antibody detected in cervicovaginal mucus was IgA. Antibody titers in serum and cervicovaginal mucus of vaccinated heifers were not increased by infection. However, in control heifers, the total local trichomonal antibody response increased three- to fivefold after infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prediction of nodes mobility in 3-D space

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<span>Recently, mobility prediction researches attracted increasing interests, especially for mobile networks where nodes are free to move in the three-dimensional space. Accurate mobility prediction leads to an efficient data delivery for real time applications and enables the network to plan for future tasks such as route planning and data transmission in an adequate time and a suitable space. In this paper, we proposed, tested and validated an algorithm that predicts the future mobility of mobile networks in three-dimensional space. The prediction technique uses polynomial regression to model the spatial relation of a set of points along the mobile node’s path and then provides a time-space mapping for each of the three components of the node’s location coordinates along the trajectory of the node. The proposed algorithm was tested and validated in MATLAB simulation platform using real and computer generated location data. The algorithm achieved an accurate mobility prediction with minimal error and provides promising results for many applications.</span>
Star clusters as cosmic ray accelerators

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Massive stars blow powerful winds and eventually explode as supernovae. By\ndoing so, they inject energy and momentum in the circumstellar medium, which is\npushed away from the star and piles up to form a dense and expanding shell of\ngas. The effect is larger when many massive stars are grouped together in bound\nclusters or associations. Large cavities form around clusters as a result of\nthe stellar feedback on the ambient medium. They are called superbubbles and\nare characterised by the presence of turbulent and supersonic gas motions. This\nmakes star clusters ideal environments for particle acceleration, and potential\ncontributors to the observed Galactic cosmic ray intensity. The acceleration of\nparticles at star clusters and in their surroundings may provide a major\ncontribution to the observed CR flux. Moreover, it may explain the fine\nstructures observed in the chemical composition of these particles, and\npossibly provide a solution to the puzzle of the origin of cosmic rays of\nenergies in the PeV range and beyond.\n
A new extended discrete KP hierarchy and a generalized dressing method

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Inspired by the squared eigenfunction symmetry constraint, we introduce a new $\ta_k$-flow by ``extending'' a specific $t_n$-flow of discrete KP hierarchy (DKPH). We construct extended discrete KPH (exDKPH), which consists of $t_n$-flow, $\ta_k$-flow and $t_n$ evolution of eigenfunction and adjoin eigenfunctions, and its Lax representation. The exDKPH contains two types of discrete KP equation with self-consistent sources (DKPESCS). Two reductions of exDKPH are obtained. The generalized dressing approach for solving the exDKPH is proposed and the N-soliton solutions of two types of the DKPESCS are presented.
Effect of Heat Stress on pH,Oxidative Status,Tenderness and Color in Broiler Breast Meat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of heat stress on pH,oxidation,tenderness and color in breast meat of broilers.The relationships among pH,oxidation and tenderness,color were assessed.The results showed that,in comparison with the control group,the pH of meat decreased significantly in above 2h treatment groups(P0.05),the activities of GSH-Px increased,the content of GSH showed a decreasing tendency.Heat stress significantly enhanced the content of MDA in 3h and 5h treatments(P0.01),significantly increased the levels of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein carbonyl groups in 2h,3h and 5h treatments,high shear force and low myofibrillar protein fragment indexes were found in heat stress treatments.L* value of breast meat was higher than that in the control group,but a* value was lower(P0.01).These results indicated that low pH and more oxidation of breast meat resulted from heat stress effected the degradation of the myofibrillar protein and the color of the breast meat.