jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
(O-13) TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY AND PROSTATE CANCER PROGRESSION IN HYPOGONADAL MEN ON ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The use of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in hypogonadal men with prostate cancer (PC) on active surveillance (AS) has been controversial. However, recent studies have challenged this notion, warranting further investigation. We aim to assess the impact of TRT on PC progression in hypogonadal men on AS. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review using data from a single hospital system between 2009 and 2022. The database included hypogonadal men with PC on AS who underwent TRT. Patients with prior PC treatment were excluded. PSA and total testosterone (TT) levels were recorded at various time points, including before and after TRT initiation. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze mean PSA and TT levels, and PC treatment progression was documented. Results A total of 25 men met the inclusion criteria. Mean PSA and TT levels at each time interval showed no significant difference in PSA (P = 0.283), while TT exhibited significant variation (P = 0.0052) throughout the 2-year study period. Mean TT before TRT initiation was 311.39 ng/dL, and after TRT, it increased to 773.04 ng/dL (P = 0.00011). Only one patient (4%) underwent radiation therapy for PC five years after starting TRT. Conclusions Initiating TRT in hypogonadal men on AS for PC did not result in a significant change in PSA levels, despite an increase in testosterone. As our database expands, we aim to strengthen the study's statistical power. These findings contribute to the growing evidence supporting the potential viability of TRT in hypogonadal men on AS. Financing No conflict.
Production of hybrid potatoes: Are heterozygosity and ploidy levels important?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It has been proposed that maximizing heterosis for yield in potato may be achieved by maximizing heterozygosity and associated intra and interlocus interactions. Tetraploids offer more opportunities to create such interactions than diploids hence the general observations that tetraploids are higher yielding than diploids. Consequently, efforts have been made to increase heterozygosity in tetraploids by introgressing allelic diversity from other Solanum species into cultivated potato. However, conventional potato breeding is difficult because the cultivated potato is an autotetraploid with tetrasomic inheritance and it comprises highly heterozygous individuals which suffer inbreeding depression upon selfing; breeding at the tetraploid level is slow and less efficient than at diploid level. At the diploid level, it is possible to breed for and fix traits under recessive genetic control; it is nearly impossible to do so at the tetraploid level. There is also rapid response to selection due to greater variation in diploids than tetraploids. Consequently, there have been efforts to convert potato from an asexually propagated tetraploid crop into an inbred seed-propagated diploid; this is by production of inbred lines through selfing of the tetraploids to assemble desirable combinations of genes in the inbreds. These efforts are at the experimental stages and a lot of research needs to be done before they are confirmed. Because currently there is little experimental evidence to support superiority of the inbred seed-propagated diploid strategy, it appears the theory that heterosis for yield in potato may be achieved by maximizing heterozygosity and associated intra and interlocus interactions remain unchallenged; these interactions are more in tetraplods than in diploids. This paper therefore looks at genetic basis of yield heterosis in cultivated potato and the role of heterozygosity and ploidy level in production of hybrid potatoes.
Structures of binuclear and tetranuclear iron(III) complexes as models for ferritin core formation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructures of binuclear and tetranuclear iron(III) complexes as models for ferritin core formationBruce P. Murch, Paul D. Boyle, and Lawrence Que Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 23, 6728–6729Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00309a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00309a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views342Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Antibody-Mediated Neutralization of Perfringolysin\nO for Intracellular Protein Delivery

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Perfringolysin O (PFO) is a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin\n(CDC) family of bacterial pore-forming proteins, which are highly\nefficient in delivering exogenous proteins to the cytoplasm. However,\nthe indiscriminate and potent cytotoxicity of PFO limits its practical\nuse as an intracellular delivery system. In this study, we describe\nthe design and engineering of a bispecific, neutralizing antibody\nagainst PFO, which targets reversibly attenuated PFO to endocytic\ncompartments via receptor-mediated internalization. This PFO-based\nsystem efficiently mediated the endosomal release of a co-targeted\ngelonin construct with high specificity and minimal toxicity in vitro.\nConsequently, the therapeutic window of PFO was improved by more than\n5 orders of magnitude. Our results demonstrating that the activity\nof pore-forming proteins can be controlled by antibody-mediated neutralization\npresent a novel strategy for utilizing these potent membrane-lytic\nagents as a safe and effective intracellular delivery vehicle.
[Affinity modification of 80S ribosomes from human placenta with mRNA analogs--derivatives of oligouridylates with and alkylating group at the 5'-end].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Affinity labelling of 80S ribosomes from human placenta with 4-(N-methylamino-N-2-chloroethyl)benzylmethylphosphoramide derivatives of oligouridylates pUn (n = 3, 4, 6, 12) bearing 5'-32P-label was studied. Complexes of these derivatives with 80S ribosomes where codon-anticodon interaction took place either in P-site (in the case of pU3-and pU4-derivatives), or in P- and A-site simultaneously (in the case of pU6- and pU12-derivatives) were obtained in the presence of Phe-tRNA(Phe). All the reagents modified only the 40S subunit. The extent of 18S rRNA modification by pU3-, pU4-, pU6- and pU12-derivatives as a fraction of the total modification extent of 18S rRNA and proteins in the 40S subunit equaled 96, 93, 24 and 4%, respectively. The pU4-derivative was covalently attached at positions 976-1061 and 1058-1164 and pU12-derivative was covalently attached within regions 976-1061, 1058-1164, 593-673 and 1748-1869 of the 18S rRNA. By means of the primer extension technique, modified bases in 18S rRNA were determined to be: A-1023, C-1026, A-1027, A-1058, G-1059 for pU3- and pU4-derivatives and A-1058 for pU6-derivative.
Effect of transmembrane Ca2+ gradient on conformation and enzyme activity of reconstituted adenylate cyclase.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Adenylate cyclase from bovine brain cortex was reconstituted into asolectin liposomes with (500-fold) or without transmembrane Ca2+ gradient. The enzyme activity of four types of proteoliposomes (the active center of enzyme exposing outside) was compared. The highest adenylate cyclase activity was observed in the vesicles with outside lower Ca2+ concentration (approximately 10(-6) mol/L, similar to the physiological condition). If the transmembrane Ca2+ gradient was in the inverse direction (i.e. outside higher Ca2+ concentration, 0.5 mmol/L), a lowest enzymatic activity would appear. The difference in enzymatic activity between the two types of proteoliposomes could be diminished following the addition of Ca2+ ionophore A23187. Proteoliposomes without transmembrane Ca2+ gradient exhibited intermediate activities. The conformation difference of adenylate cyclases in the above-mentioned proteoliposomes was also detected by measuring intrinsic fluorescence and fluorescence quenching with KI.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Identification of <i>LIV1</i>, a Putative Zinc Transporter Gene Responsible for HDACi-Induced Apoptosis, Using a Functional Gene Screen Approach

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Identification of <i>LIV1</i>, a Putative Zinc Transporter Gene Responsible for HDACi-Induced Apoptosis, Using a Functional Gene Screen Approach
Exploiting Ruling Line Artifacts in Writer Identification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we address the writer identification problem for noisy handwritten documents written on a substrate of pre-printed ruling lines. Instead of attempt-ing to remove rulings and to recover broken strokes, we incorporate rulings to help with the identification task through the use of new displacement features. Experi-ments involving 61 writers and 4,890 handwritten text lines show that our technique is effective, with a rel-ative 10 % performance gain over the baseline system which attempts to remove ruling lines and recover bro-ken strokes. 1.
Transmission and commoditisation of medicinal plant knowledge in the marketplaces of Oruro, Bolivia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis analyses how Andean people’s knowledge of medicinal plants and the relationship between environment and health is represented, transmitted and commoditised in the marketplaces of the department of Oruro, Bolivia. Considering the increase in urban population and their dependence on marketplaces for medicinal plant remedies, this thesis examines the role of marketplaces and the importance of specialist stallholders in the transmission of knowledge. The central research site of Oruro is a multi-cultural city located on the Andean plateau in southwest Bolivia, a population of Spanish, Quechua and Aymara speakers with a pluralistic medical system. Fieldwork was carried out over 18 months with market stallholders in Oruro combining quantitative and qualitative methods with ethnographic documentation of knowledge transmission events. This thesis found that medicinal plant marketplaces in Oruro are highly regulated social systems that incorporate Andean socio-economic mechanisms, including ritual performance for the transmission of cultural knowledge, and the regulation of resource distribution and use. The development of a ‘chemical landscape’ model demonstrated that social exchange and trade between ecosystems and altitudinal zones broadens the spectrum of medicinal compounds available, contributes to the complexity of herbal mixtures and can limit exploitation of local plant populations. The market stallholders use specialist classifications that identify chemical properties, toxicity and variations between plant species and ecological regions. Plant classifications varied with the context and location in which they were used, and humoral classification enabled the selection and combination of plants in mixtures and justified remedy efficacy for specialists and non-specialists. Andean cultural beliefs including complementary opposites enabled transmission of knowledge on the medicinal properties of plants between highland consumers and lowland producers, and defined traditional Andean mixture efficacy. These findings demonstrate that, although state intervention and identity politics are redefining perceptions of medicinal knowledge, the market exchange system centred in Oruro city creates localised specialist knowledge and continuity of cultural knowledge transmission.
Chronic Multifocal Symmetrical Osteomyelitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic multifocal symmetrical osteomyelitis is a rare condition characterized clinically and radiologically by multiple symmetrical bone lesions, a benign course, and a good prognosis. To our knowledge, only 25 cases have been reported in the literature; all of them occurred in patients of European ancestry. We describe two bedouin children, aged 20 and 21 months, who suffered from this disease. Although they complained of one painful joint, multiple osteolytic lesions were found in the long bones. At follow-up six months later, the children were in perfect condition without radiologic sequelae.
Preparation, characterization, uranium (VI) biosorption models, and conditions optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) for amidoxime-functionalized marine fungus materials

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Amidoxime-functionalized marine fungus Fusarium sp. #ZZF51 (ZGDA) was synthesized and studied to adsorb uranium (VI) from the aqueous solution. Different instrumental techniques such as FTIR, SEM, and TGA were employed for the characterization of the manufactured materials, and theirs ability of removal uranium (VI) was optimized using RSM. The experimental results showed the maximum adsorption capacity for the synthesized materials was 230.78 mg g −1 at the following optimization conditions: S–L ratio 150 mg L −1 , pH 5.13, uranium (VI) initial concentration 40 mg L −1 , and equilibrium time 122.40 min. More than 85% of the absorbed uranium (VI) could be desorbed by 0.5 or 1.0 mol L −1 HCl, and the modified mycelium could be reused at least five times. The thermodynamic experimental data of adsorption uranium (VI) could fit better with Langumir and Freundlich isotherms models, and the pseudo-second-order model was better to interpret the kinetics process. The modified fungus materials exhibited the better sorption capacity for uranium (VI) in comparison with raw biomass should be attributed to the strong chelation of amidoxime to uranium (VI) ions.
Assessing Disaster Resilience in Climate-Vulnerable Communities: A Financial Resilience-Based Grading Framework for Bangladesh

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Bangladesh, one of the world's most climate-vulnerable nations, faces increasing challenges due to high population density and frequent extreme weather events. Coastal communities, in particular, suffer substantial economic losses from climate-related hazards. This study aimed to develop a conceptual framework for identifying disaster resilience indicators, focusing on financial resilience, and creating a grading system for community disaster resilience. Drawing from resilience assessment frameworks like the Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) and the 5 Capitals Model, the research crafted a tailored framework for the local context. Using the Grade Point Index (GPI) method, scores were calculated for each parameter and dimension. The study focused on the climate-vulnerable, low-income communities of Koyra, Shyamnagar, and Monirampur, identified through consultations and vulnerability assessments, with support from Islamic Relief Bangladesh. Findings revealed critical gaps in financial capacity, limited income diversification, and low household savings, weakening overall resilience. Access to social safety nets was also limited, particularly in the most vulnerable areas. The newly developed resilience grading tool showed nearly 90% of indicators in critical categories, underscoring significant shortcomings in community resilience. This tool allows for quick assessments, ongoing monitoring, and comparative analysis, offering valuable insights for planning, management, and policy development. The study recommends policymakers and development agencies adopt this grading method to prioritize interventions and support to make resilient of any vulnerable community.
Outbreaks of cold-water disease in coho salmon in Japan.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

岩手県および宮城県のいくつかの孵化養殖場のギンザケ稚魚に1990年2月から3月にかけて尾柄部の脱鱗糜爛, 腫瘍あるいは尾鰭の欠損を外見的特徴とする疾病が発生し, 大量死亡を引き起こした。患部組織には多数の長桿菌が観察された。体表患部と腎臓からサイトファイガ培地で分離された34菌株について培養性状, 形態, 生化学的性状および血清学的性状を調べた結果, 供試菌株は冷水病原因菌Flexibacter psychrophilusに同定された。また, ニジマス稚魚に対する感染実験により供試菌株の病原性が確認された。
LLaMA-Berry: Pairwise Optimization for O1-like Olympiad-Level Mathematical Reasoning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an advanced mathematical problem-solving framework, LLaMA-Berry, for enhancing the mathematical reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs). The framework combines Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) with iterative Self-Refine to optimize the reasoning path and utilizes a pairwise reward model to evaluate different paths globally. By leveraging the self-critic and rewriting capabilities of LLMs, Self-Refine applied to MCTS (SR-MCTS) overcomes the inefficiencies and limitations of conventional step-wise and greedy search algorithms by fostering a more efficient exploration of solution spaces. Pairwise Preference Reward Model~(PPRM), inspired by Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), is then used to model pairwise preferences between solutions, utilizing an Enhanced Borda Count (EBC) method to synthesize these preferences into a global ranking score to find better answers. This approach addresses the challenges of scoring variability and non-independent distributions in mathematical reasoning tasks. The framework has been tested on general and advanced benchmarks, showing superior performance in terms of search efficiency and problem-solving capability compared to existing methods like ToT and rStar, particularly in complex Olympiad-level benchmarks, including GPQA, AIME24 and AMC23.
BIO-MASS ENERGY PRESENT SCENARIO

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

As the demand of energy is increasing now-a days, it is estimated that by the year 2030, India's dependency on fossil fuels import exceeds 53% of country's total energy consumption.India is the world's 7th largest producer of energy and 5th largest energy consumer [1].In any economy there is direct effect of per capita energy consumption on per capita income and degree of economic growth.So, to balance the amount of fossil fuels and maintain the economy of India the energy should be generated using renewable sources or say non-conventional sources of energy.This paper includes the study of possibilities of electrical power generation by bio mass, as it can help for the rural electrification.If we particularly talk about Rajasthan then in year 2019, the installed capacity of Rajasthan is approx.21GW and total increase during year 2018-19 is 1524.87MW[2].
Reduced Antinociception of Opioids in Rats and Mice by Vaccination with Immunogens Containing Oxycodone and Hydrocodone Haptens

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Prescription opioids abuse and associated deaths are an emerging concern in the USA. Vaccination against prescription opioids may provide an alternative to pharmacotherapy. An oxycodone hapten containing a tetraglycine linker at the C6 position (6OXY(Gly)(4)OH) conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) has shown early proof-of-efficacy in rodents as a candidate immunogen (6OXY(Gly)(4)-KLH) for the treatment of oxycodone abuse. In this study, oxycodone-based and hydrocodone-based haptens were conjugated to KLH to generate immunogens that would recognize both oxycodone and hydrocodone. Vaccination with 6OXY(Gly)(4)-KLH increased drug binding in serum, reduced drug distribution to brain, and blunted analgesia for both oxycodone and hydrocodone. An analogous C6-linked hydrocodone vaccine blocked hydrocodone effects but less so than 6OXY(Gly)(4)-KLH. C8-Linked hydrocodone immunogens had only limited efficacy. Amide conjugation showed higher haptenation ratios and greater efficacy than thioether conjugation to maleimide activated KLH (mKLH). The 6OXY(Gly)(4)-KLH vaccine may be used for treatment of prescription opioid abuse.
Multi-physics evaluation of carbonate-rich source rocks from high-resolution images

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In unconventional reservoirs, the pore space is hosted by a heterogeneous matrix with various minerals and organic components. This heterogeneity complicates petrophysical interpretation during hydrocarbon exploration. A digital rock physics study of thermal and electrical conductivity was conducted using high-resolution focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy images of carbonate-rich source rocks. Finite-volume simulation results are discussed in context of the sample heterogeneity and anisotropy and supported by comparisons to empirical equations and effective medium theory. The results show how the presence of organic matter, pyrite, and pore constrictions impacts application of empirical equations and simplified models to unconventional reservoirs. Graphic abstract
Hubungan Dukungan Sosial Dengan Kualitas Hidup Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) Di RSUD Sekarwangi

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are chronic infectious diseases. HIV/AIDS not only causes physical problems, but can also affect an individual's social and psychological problems. Stigma and discrimination are social problems that exist in the environment around people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), so they cause a decrease in the quality of life for HIV/AIDS sufferers. The existence of social support from the surrounding environment in the form of emotional support allows PLWHA to improve their health status so as to achieve a better quality of life. This research aims to determine the relationship between social support and the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at Sekarwangi Regional Hospital. This research uses a correlational descriptive quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. Using a questionnaire with accidental sampling data collection techniques with a total of 72 respondents. Results: Based on the results of the analysis using the Chi square statistical test, it was found that p=0.000 < ?=0.05, Ha was accepted, which means there is a relationship between social support and the quality of life of people with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at the Sekarwangi Regional General Hospital. The research conclusion is that there is a significant relationship between social support and the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at Sekarwangi Regional Hospital.