jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Field trials with killed oral typhoid vaccines.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article gives the results of the use of two types of killed oral typhus vaccine administered to students 10 to 19 years of age in two urban areas of the Province of Santiago. Vaccine from the German Democratic Republic (GDR) was administered to 37,517 students and placebo to an equivalent control group. The period of observation was 18 months (November 1973-April 1975). The other product, from the German Federal Republic (GFR) was administered to 37,566 students, with placebo given to an equivalent control group. In this case the observation period was 7 months (October 1974-April 1975). The antigenic composition of the two vaccines is qualitatively and quantitatively different as are the characteristics of their preparation. In the field trial with the product from the GDR, the morbidity for typhoid fever in the vaccinated and control groups showed statistically significant differences, even though on the border line level. Satisfactory and highly significant results had been obtained with the product in earlier field trials. The difference observed between morbidity in the two groups in the field trial with GFR vaccine was not significant. It is emphasized in this regard that the observation period was shorter in this case, which precludes definitive conclusions. A high proportion of reliable confirmation of diagnosis of cases is evident for both field trials. The findings show the need for subjecting this type of vaccine to further and better field trials.
Study on Interdisciplinary Thematic Learning of Senior High School English based on Core Literacy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With core literacy gradually becoming an important topic in the field of education, English teachers are also trying to practice and infiltrate core literacy into the design of teaching activities. Interdisciplinary is an educational activity that breaks the boundaries of disciplines and integrates theories or methods of different disciplines, which is helpful to the integration of subject knowledge. Starting from the significance and connotation of interdisciplinary thematic learning, this paper explores the application of interdisciplinary thematic learning in English courses and its help in cultivating core literacy. At the same time, this paper tries to give some suggestions on how to improve students' core literacy through interdisciplinary thematic learning, aiming at promoting students' core literacy to be better improved.
The influence of mineral nutrition and humic acids on the intensity of photosynthesis, as well as the yield and quality of seeds, roots, and aboveground phytomass of milk thistle Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. in marginal growing conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Milk thistle Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. is one of the most researched medicinal plants, but at the same time it belongs to crops with wide industry potential whose growth requirements for marginal agroecological conditions or the response to agronomic interventions has not yet been sufficiently studied. The aim of the present research was to verify the effect of mineral nutrition (NPK 200 kg/ha) and humic acids applied to the soil (HUMAC Agro 250 kg/ha) on the main biometric parameters and the intensity of photosynthesis of milk thistle grown under less favourable climatic conditions of the semi-cold and humid foothills in Central Europe. The highest seed yield was achieved with the NPK variant in terms of dry matter 0.534 t/ha, in the HUMAC Agro variant 0.254 t/ha and with the untreated control 0.087 t/ha. The soil before the trial establishment was characterised by low nutrient content. The use of mineral fertiliser on NPK treatment eliminated the influence of low PK nutrients content of the soil, influencing the crop growth and yield/quality, while no doses of NPK were used on the HUMAC Agro variant and the untreated control. For both of the two sequences created (temperature and light), the highest photosynthesis rate was measured on untreated control (20.115 and 12.386 mmol/m 2 /s 1 ), markedly lower on HUMAC Agro (16.386 and 9.653 mmol/m 2 /s 1 ) – and the lowest on the NPK (10.933 and 7.813 mmol/m 2 /s 1 , respectively), in inverse proportion to the crop yield. Therefore, the size of the leaf area of the crop was decisive for the increased crop yield. The polynomial trend line of the photosynthesis rate according to the temperature sequence shows the photosynthesis rate and the torrential decrease by temperature increasing on untreated control compared with both treated variants. Both of these threats, mineral nutrition and use of humic preparations to soil, although they reduce the photosynthesis rate, have a wide range of complex effects that provide an opportunity to optimise the growth and yield of milk thistle. Ideally, the mineral nutrition and humic preparations should be used in combination with the crop of milk thistle for medicinal and energy purposes.
Geometric Damage Tensor Based on Microplane Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT: An appealing approach to formulate constitutive models for charac-teriling distributed damage due to microcracks and voids is continuum damage mechanics with the concepts of effective stress and strain equivalence. [n that approach. in which damage is imagined to characterize the reduction of the net stress-transmitting cross-section area of the material. the constitutive model is sep-arated into two independent parts. one for damage and the other for elastic and inelastic behavior (rheology) other than damage. which. if combined appropriately. give the overall constitutive bchavior. However. the existing multidimensional for-mulations for damage arc quite complex, and practical implementations capable of fitting experimental data are hard to obtain. The microplane models, by contrast, provide conceptual simplicity and close fits of multi axial test data for concrete. soils. etc., although, as formulated in the past. various kinds of physical phenomena were mixed in the definition of the microplane stress-strain curves. [n this work the microplane theory is reformulated in a manner that separates damage from rheology and makes the formulation fit the basic framework of continuum damage mechanics. Aside from a kinematic constraint between macrostrains and micro-strains. the model satisfies a static constraint such that the effective microstresses are the resolved components of the effectiveness macrostresses.
Experimental observation of fine secular frequency resonance oscillation with a rectilinear ion trap mass spectrometer

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The mass resolution of the ordinary ion trap mass spectrometer derived from the quadrupole mass spectrometer usually ranges from hundreds to thousands. In this study, the fine secular frequency resonance oscillation was observed with a rectilinear ion trap mass spectrometer. The FWHM of the responding resonance secular frequency of benzene was 0.012 kHz. The corresponding mass resolution was 8600 m/Δm for benzene (m/z=78). The mass spectrometer with secular frequency scanning has a linear response to benzene in the concentration range from 200 ppbv to 10000 ppbv. This study shows a new feature of the secular frequency scanning for ion trap mass spectrometers.
Noisy Quantum Channel Characterization Using Quantum Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Channel noise is considered to be the main obstacle in long-distance quantum communication and distributed quantum networks. Here, employing a quantum neural network, we present an efficient method to study the model and detect the noise of quantum channels. Based on various types of noisy quantum channel models, we construct the architecture of the quantum neural network and the model training process. Finally, we perform experiments to verify the training effectiveness of the scheme, and the results show that the cost function of the quantum neural network could approach above 90% of the channel model.
Sulforaphane Attenuates Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Role of Mitochondrial Protection

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate naturally occurring in Cruciferae, induces cytoprotection in several tissues. Its protective effect has been associated with its ability to induce cytoprotective enzymes through an Nrf2-dependent pathway. Gentamicin (GM) is a widely used antibiotic; nephrotoxicity is the main side effect of this compound. In this study, it was investigated if SFN is able to induce protection against GM-induced nephropathy both in renal epithelial LLC-PK1 cells in culture and in rats. SFN prevented GM-induced death and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in LLC-PK1 cells. In addition, it attenuated GM-induced renal injury (proteinuria, increases in serum creatinine, in blood urea nitrogen, and in urinary excretion on N-acetyl- β -D-glucosaminidase, and decrease in creatinine clearance and in plasma glutathione peroxidase activity) and necrosis and apoptosis in rats. The apoptotic death was associated with enhanced active caspase-9. Caspase-8 was unchanged in all the studied groups. In addition, SFN was able to prevent GM-induced protein nitration and decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase in renal cortex. In conclusion, the protective effect of SFN against GM-induced acute kidney injury could be associated with the preservation in mitochondrial function that would prevent the intrinsic apoptosis and nitrosative stress.
Comparing Alignment and Multiple Group CFA for Analysing Political Trust in Europe During the Crisis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Institutional trust is in decline in many western democracies. Since the 2008 global economic and financial crisis, this increasing distrust has been closely related to trust in political institutions. Trust in institutions is one of the pillars of democracy, and its decline is one of the most evident and shared symptoms of the recession, especially in those contexts where it has been particularly acute. This article has both substantive and methodological aims. From a substantive point of view, it deals with trust in political institutions in Europe, and its decline during the recession. Differences are found among European countries, depending on the severity of the economic crisis. From a methodological point of view, the article compares two methodologies for cross-cultural analyses: the more traditional Multiple-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and the newer Alignment method. Recommendations for the use of the newer method in certain circumstances are provided
DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.105.044131 Experimental Intestinal Endometriosis Is Characterized by Increased Levels of Soluble

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endometriosis is commonly associated with symptoms similar to those of gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leading to erroneous diagnosis and inappropriate management. The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in IBD is well established, but its role in endometriosis—also characterized by the activation of inflammatory mechanisms—is still under study. Furthermore, little is known about the involvement of TNF receptors. Intestinal endometriosis was surgically induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats (n 10). Control rats (n 10) received sutures with no implants. Samples of tissue and fluids were collected 60 days after surgery. Endometriotic implants were classified in grades, and the gastrointestinal tract was examined for damage. A significant increase was observed in protein levels of TNF and soluble TNFRSF1B in the peritoneal fluid of experimental rats compared to controls. Expression of Tnf mRNA was significantly increased both in peritoneal leukocytes and in intestinal segments associated with implants in experimental animals. Bioactivity of TNF in tissues was confirmed by overexpression of Icam1, Sele, Vegfa, Flt1 and Kdr. Gene expression of Tnfrsf1a and Tnfrsf1b was downregulated in colon and small intestine of experimental animals, possibly as a mechanism of protection against TNF cytotoxicity. Significant overexpression of genes encoding TNF receptor-associated factors that have been linked to activation of antiapoptotic pathways also was observed. Overexpression of TNF and target genes, underexpression of TNF-receptor genes, and increased shedding of TNFRSF1B in this animal model provide further evidence for involvement of the TNF system in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. female reproductive tract
Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pembinaan Rumah Tahfiz di Nagari Parambahan Kabupaten Tanah Datar

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to explain community participation in the implementation of the tahfiz house development policy in Nagari Parambahan and explain the factors that affect community participation in the implementation of the tahfiz house development policy in Nagari Parambahan. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The informants consisted of the local government as the coach of the tahfiz house, the guardian of the Parambahan nagari, the manager of the tahfiz house, and the community as participants who were selected using purposive sampling. The validity of the data in this study uses source triangulation techniques and method triangulation. Data analysis using interactive models. The results of the study show that community participation in the implementation of the tahfiz house development policy in Nagari Parambahan, is still relatively low. In the form of material participation, participation is given by allowing the use of private houses owned by the community for tahfiz activities, but the house is not able to accommodate all students in the tahfiz house. In the form of physical participation, the participation given by becoming a volunteer teacher at the tahfiz house but the number of teachers who teach is not balanced compared to the number of students. The participation given by becoming a donor of the tahfiz house who routinely contributes funds to pay the salaries of teachers at the tahfiz house even though the funds collected are often insufficient
Slavery and Forced Migration in the Antebellum South

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Slavery and Forced Migration in the Antebellum South Get access By Damian Alan Pargas. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. xii, 281 pp. Cloth, $80.00. Paper, $29.99.) Journal of American History, Volume 102, Issue 4, March 2016, Pages 1191–1192, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jav793 Published: 01 March 2016
A 2‐Part, Open‐Label, Phase 1 Bioequivalence and Food‐Effect Study of Ubrogepant in Healthy Adult Participants

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract This Phase 1 study of ubrogepant was conducted to establish the bioequivalence (BE) of the 50‐ and 100‐mg to‐be‐marketed (TBM) tablet formulations with the clinical trial (CT) 100‐mg tablet formulation and evaluate the food effect on the bioavailability of the 100‐mg TBM tablet. This 2‐part study enrolled healthy participants aged 18‐45 years. Part A assessed BE following a single dose of TBM versus CT tablets. Part B evaluated the impact of a high‐fat meal on ubrogepant pharmacokinetics. Safety and tolerability were assessed along with standard pharmacokinetic parameters. In Part A (n = 47), the geometric mean ratio and 90% confidence intervals for maximum plasma drug concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from time zero to time t, and AUC from time zero to infinity for the TBM and CT formulations demonstrated BE. The time to peak exposure was the same for both formulations. In Part B ( n = 18), a high‐fat meal delayed time to peak exposure and reduced maximum plasma drug concentration by 22%, with no effect on AUC. The occurrence of treatment‐emergent adverse events was low, and the majority were mild. Ubrogepant TBM and CT tablets (1 × 100 mg or 2 × 50 mg) were bioequivalent under fasted conditions, and a high‐fat meal had no clinically relevant effect on the bioavailability of the TBM tablet formulation.
A Locating Method for Multi-Purposes HTs Based on the Boundary Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, there are various methods for detecting the hardware trojans (HTs) in the integrated circuits (ICs). The circuit's logic representations of different types, structures, and functional characteristics should be different. Each type of circuit has its' own performance characteristics according to its' purpose. However, the traditional HTs detection methods adopt the same approach to deal with the multi-purpose hardware trojan. At the same time, as the scale of integrated circuits growing, the structures are more complex, and the functions are more refined. The current situation makes the traditional HTs detection methods weaker and even unfeasible. Therefore, we propose an HTs classified locating method based on machine learning, named ML-HTCL, which belongs to the static detection and locating method. In ML-HTCL, different purpose HTs were represented by different features. Due to the different features, the ML-HTCL employs the multi-layer BP neural network for the control signal type HTs and the one-class SVM for the information leakage HTs, respectively. To deal with the HTs completely, the boundary nets are considered for all data set, while those were ignored by the most existing methods due to the high detection error rate. After detection, the HTs' precise locations were achieved. To evaluate the ML-HTCL, 17 gate-level netlist benchmarks are used for training and testing by leave-one-out cross-validation. From the results, the ML-HTCL reaches 85.05% of TPR and 73.91% of TNR for all kinds of HTs, which performs better than the most existing methods.
The Routledge Handbook to Sociology of Music Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Routledge Handbook to Sociology of Music Education is a comprehensive, authoritative and state-of-the-art review of current research in the field. The opening introduction orients the reader to the field, highlights recent developments, and draws together concepts and research methods to be covered. The chapters that follow are written by respected, experienced experts on key issues in their area of specialisation. From separate beginnings in the United States, Europe, and the United Kingdom in the mid-twentieth century, the field of the sociology of music education has and continues to experience rapid and global development. It could be argued that this Handbook marks its coming of age. The Handbook is dedicated to the exclusive and explicit application of sociological constructs and theories to issues such as globalisation, immigration, post-colonialism, inter-generational musicking, socialisation, inclusion, exclusion, hegemony, symbolic violence, and popular culture. Contexts range from formal compulsory schooling to non-formal communal environments to informal music making and listening. The Handbook is aimed at graduate students, researchers and professionals, but will also be a useful text for undergraduate students in music, education, and cultural studies. © 2021, Ruth Wright, Geir Johansen, Panagiotis A. Kanellopoulos, Patrick Schmidt. All rights reserved.
Bunching of streaming carriers inp-type Ge at intense microwave fields

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Small dc current response scrj of carriers in p-type Ge crystals under high microwave fields at 9.4 GHz up to ${E}_{\ensuremath{\omega}}$=1 kV/cm and magnetic fields up to 1.5 kG is studied at 4.2 K. In the range of magnetic field 0.3--0.8 kG, there appears in the scrj vs ${E}_{\ensuremath{\omega}}$ curves a new plateau structure which indicates bunching of heavy holes in momentum space.
Perspectives in Evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of Steroidal Contraceptives in Different Parts of the World

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT While differences in acceptability of steroidal contraceptives from nation to nation are generally recognized, variations in safety and effectiveness have been given little attention. Cardiovascular hazards such as thromboembolic disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke, which create such concern in developed countries, may be insignificant problems in other parts of the world where these diseases are rare in women of reproductive age. On the other hand, the influence of nutritional deficiencies, anemia, intestinal parasitism, malaria, and other widespread health problems on the effects and/or metabolism of steroids, which may be of major concern in developing countries, is just coming under study. Side effects also vary greatly among religiously and ethnically different populations, and significant differences in pregnancy protection and bleeding patterns among different populations have been reported—even with injectables. It is, therefore, important to examine and define intergroup differences and especially to recognize that safety concerns in one geographic setting cannot be automatically assumed to apply equally in other areas.
A checklist of fishes of Kerala, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A checklist of the fishes of Kerala State is presented, along with their scientific and common names (English and Malayalam), endemism, IUCN Red List status, listing under different Schedules of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act and in the Appendices of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES). Nine Hundred and five species of fishes are recorded from the inland and marine waters of Kerala comprising of 41 orders and 172 families. Close to 30% of the freshwater fish species found in Kerala are endemic to the State. Only 8% of the total fishes of Kerala are listed as threatened in the IUCN Red List, of which the majority are freshwater species. Several hundred fish species occurring in the marine waters of Kerala have not yet been assessed for their conservation status by IUCN.