jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition and allelopathic effect of Origanum onites L. essential oil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, chemical composition and allelopathic effect of essential oil obtained from ground parts (shoots+leaves+flowers) of Origanum onites L. plant on seed germination and seedling growth of different plant species were investigated. Essential oil was obtained with the use of the hydro-distillation method from O. onites plant collected from Mersin province. It was identified 24 different compounds by GC/MS analysis in O. onites essential oil, while the main compounds were determined as carvacrol (59.87%), γ-terpinene (17.08%) and β-cymene (8.83%). The allelopathic effect of the essential oil, two layers of filter paper were placed bottom of 9 cm diameter disposable Petri dishes then seeds of Amaranthus retroflexus L., Triticum aestivum L. and Lepidium sativum L. were homogeneously distributed on filter paper. Filter papers were thoroughly moistened using distilled water. The filter paper was glued to the center of the lid of each Petri dish. The different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 5, 15 μl/Petri dishes) of the essential oil were applied to the filter paper pieces. Then lid of each Petri dish was closed and sealed with Parafilm. Petri dishes were incubation at 12 h dark-12 h light periods with an average temperature of 24±1 oC for 1-4 weeks. At the end of incubation period, germination rates, root and shoot lengths of the test plants were determined. The 15 μl/Petri concentration of O. onites essential oil were completely inhibited seed germination, root and shoot growth of A. retroflexus L., T. aestivum L. and L. sativum L. plants. A. retroflexus L. was found to be more sensitive to essential oil. The results show that O. onites essential oil has potential to be used in the control of A. retroflexus L., which has high allelopathic effect on seed germination and seedling development of L. sativum L., T. aestivum L., A. retroflexus L.
Molecular Sorption on Ion-exchange Resins: Sorption of Coumarins

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The column sorption-desorption of coumarin with water and methanol as solvents and the compare. Live sorption of coumarin and twelve substituted coumarin in 10% methanol (by volume) on a atrorigly basin anion-exchange resin, Amberlite IRA-400, have been studied.
Charophytes of Insular Newfoundland II: <em>Chara evoluta</em> and <em>Chara canescens</em>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The rare Newfoundland disjuncts Chara evoluta and Chara canescens are compared morphologically, ecologically, and geographically. Although very similar morphologically, they can readily be distinguished by their monoecious/dioecious nature, cortical cell features and coronula size. Ecological differences are more subtle and difficult to quantify. In Newfoundland the two species are restricted to coastal saline lagoons in the southwest region of the Island, with C. evoluta exhibiting an association with Chara aspera. The flora and fauna of these unique habitats are poorly documented even though it is known that they are associated with other rare species including the Piping Plover and the Banded Killifish. Consideration of some degree of protection as special habitats within the provincial ecological reserve strategy is suggested. An updated key to all species of charophytes known to inhabit Newfoundland and Labrador is included, and a brief overview of their ecological distributions is provided.
Determinants of tetanus toxoid immunization uptake among brides-to-be: a mixed-method analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study investigates the factors affecting Tetanus Toxoid (TT) immunization among brides-to-be in Aceh, using a mixed-method approach. Tetanus, a potentially fatal bacterial infection, poses a significant risk, particularly to maternal and neonatal health. Despite government mandates for TT immunization, uptake remains inconsistent. Quantitative data from structured questionnaires assessed respondents' knowledge, attitudes, and healthcare provider support. The qualitative component used in-depth interviews with brides-to-be, healthcare providers, and community leaders to explore contextual factors impacting TT immunization. Results showed that 92.9% of respondents were aged 20-35, indicating the importance of targeting this demographic. While 57.1% held college degrees or higher, a high unemployment rate (35.7%) suggested potential barriers to healthcare access. Misinformation, societal resistance, and religious concerns emerged as key challenges, with misconceptions about vaccine safety contributing to vaccine hesitancy. Recommendations for improving TT immunization uptake include targeted education campaigns, addressing religious and cultural concerns, and simplifying the immunization process. By implementing these strategies, public health authorities can increase TT immunization rates, leading to better maternal and neonatal health outcomes in Aceh
Abstract: New Insights for Botulinum Neuromodulator Targets for Correction of the Nasolabial Fold and Midface Rhytids: An Anatomic Study and Introduction of the Malar Levator Muscle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: An acute nasolabial angle and prominent medial nasolabial fold are features of the aging midface.1 The medial nasolabial fold is a difficult area to correct and is not easily addressed by current facelift procedures. As minimally invasive procedures are becoming mainstay in aesthetic surgery2, botulinum toxin has become a preferred method for treating dynamic facial rhytides. We therefore sought to identify relevant nasolabial fold and midfacial musculature anatomy to determine the ideal location of neurotoxin injection for patients with prominent nasolabial folds and midface rhytids. METHODS: Twelve hemifacial cadaveric dissections were performed to expose the midfacial muscles and identify their origin, points of insertion, relationship to surrounding musculature, greatest width, and vector of pull. Particular attention focused on the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (LLSAN), levator labii superioris (LLS), nasalis, and orbicularis oris. Measurements were obtained based on palpable surface landmarks, including the medial canthus, for future neurotoxin injection. RESULTS: The central portion of the LLSAN was located 8.4 (+/- 0.9) mm inferior and 4.6 (+/- 0.8) mm medial to the medial canthus. Insertion sites included the medial nasolabial fold and alar base. The LLS has a broad insertion into the middle third of the nasolabial fold before extending to meet the obicularis oris at a point 4.5 (+/- 0.4) cm inferior and 5.9 (+/- 0.8) mm lateral to the medial canthus. We also uncovered a tubular muscle, obliquely oriented between the orbital obicularis oculi and the LLSAN, separated by adipose tissue, with its cephalad origin in continuity with the LLSAN and its insertion into the malar fat pad. This so-called “malar levator” was found in all twelve specimens and diverges from the LLSAN 8.7 (+/- 2.1) mm inferior and 2.8 (+/- 0.5) mm lateral to the medial canthus. The effects of this muscle on medial periorbital rhytids and the tear trough deformity were observed in the live patient. CONCLUSION: This cadaveric study further defines the musclular anatomy of the midface and medial nasolabial fold and provides new insights into the use of neuromodulators for midfacial rhytids, tear trough deformity, and the medial nasolabial fold, all of which are challenging areas to correct with current surgical techniques. Neuromodulators may be sufficient to provide a youthful midface and soften the snarl appearance that comes with age, without affecting the upper lip. REFERENCES: 1. Pessa JE: Improving the acute nasolabial angle and medial nasolabial fold by levator alae muscle resection. Ann Plast Surg. 1992; 29:23–30. 2. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 2015 plastic surgery report. 2000/2014/2015 national cosmetic procedures. Available at: http://www.plasticsurgery.org/Documents/news-resources/statistics/2015-statistics/cosmetic-procedure-trends-2015.pdf. Accessed February 26, 2016.
Secondary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Deficit Persists over the Years: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study Involving 1003 Consecutive Patients from Greece

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Lipid lowering treatments (LLTs) can reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Despite the availability of potent LLTs, our clinical observations suggest an inadequate use of such agents. To evaluate this treatment deficit, we designed the present study. Methods: We reviewed the charts of all patients with a history of ASCVD (coronary artery disease—CAD; carotid stenosis—CS; or peripheral artery disease—PAD) diagnosed prior to their first visit to one of our clinics. We recorded their gender, age, ASCVD risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, tobacco use, body mass index), lipid values during that visit and the LLT used. We estimated the rates of the attainment of guideline-specific lipid goals by year, and assessed factors influencing the likelihood of treatment success. Results: Overall, n = 1003 subjects were recruited: CAD n = 703 (70.1%), PAD n = 168 (16.8%), CS n = 325 (32.4%); age 64.7 ± 11.2 years; n = 376 (37.5%) females; n = 642 (64.0%) had diabetes; n = 740 (73.8%) had hypertension; n = 299 (29.8%) were former and n = 367 (36.6%) were current smokers. An appropriate LLT was used in 361 (36.0%) subjects, n = 159 (15.9%) were on no treatment, n = 483 (48.2%) were receiving inadequate therapy, n = 434 (43.3%) were on a high-intensity LLT and n = 361 (36.0%) had achieved the year-specific LDL goals. Success rates ranged from 5.7% to 81.5%, with the lowest being 2020–2023 (5.7–14.5%), p < 0.001. The use of a combination of LLTs and PCSK9 inhibitors led to higher rates of LDL-C goals achievement (p < 0.001). Discussion: Recent secondary ASCVD risk prevention guidelines’ goals are rarely achieved in daily clinical practice, producing a major treatment deficit in this population. Newer systematic interventions are needed to curb this public health issue.
Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Trigger the Overexpression of Tumour-Related Splice Variant RAC1B in Polarized Colorectal Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An inflammatory microenvironment is a tumour-promoting condition that provides survival signals to which cancer cells respond with gene expression changes. One example is the alternative splicing variant Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (Ras)-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 1 (RAC1)B, which we previously identified in a subset of V-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B (BRAF)-mutated colorectal tumours. RAC1B was also increased in samples from inflammatory bowel disease patients or in an acute colitis mouse model. Here, we used an epithelial-like layer of polarized Caco-2 or T84 colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in co-culture with fibroblasts, monocytes or macrophages and analysed the effect on RAC1B expression in the CRC cells by RT-PCR, Western blot and confocal fluorescence microscopy. We found that the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts and M1 macrophages induced the most significant increase in RAC1B levels in the polarized CRC cells, accompanied by a progressive loss of epithelial organization. Under these conditions, we identified interleukin (IL)-6 as the main trigger for the increase in RAC1B levels, associated with Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)3 activation. IL-6 neutralization by a specific antibody abrogated both RAC1B overexpression and STAT3 phosphorylation in polarized CRC cells. Our data identify that pro-inflammatory extracellular signals from stromal cells can trigger the overexpression of tumour-related RAC1B in polarized CRC cells. The results will help to understand the tumour-promoting effect of inflammation and identify novel therapeutic strategies.
Dissecting Genotype × Environment Interactions and Trait Correlations Present in the Pee Dee Cotton Germplasm Collection following Seventy Years of Plant Breeding

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Genotype × environment (G × E) interactions and trait correlations significantly impact efforts to develop high‐yield, high‐quality, and environmentally stable Upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars. Knowledge of both can and should be used to design optimal breeding programs and effective selection criteria. In this study, we examined the G × E interactions and trait correlations present in the 70‐yr Pee Dee cotton germplasm enhancement program. Since beginning in 1935, the Pee Dee program has employed a variety of unique germplasm and breeding methods to release >80 improved germplasm lines and cultivars. Results suggest that significant G × E interactions exist for several agronomic and fiber quality performance traits that are mostly due to changes in magnitude. Negative genotypic correlations still persist between lint percent/lint yield and fiber length/fiber strength. However, apparently the breeding methods and selection criteria used over 70 yr have lessened the negative relationship between agronomic performance and fiber quality over time to some degree. The results provide cotton breeders a resource to select specific Pee Dee germplasm lines for increased environmental stability. Cotton breeders can also use the information herein to select specific Pee Dee germplasm lines that represent rare recombination events that combine high yield and fiber quality potential.
Plant growth and soil microbial community structure of legumes and grasses grown in monoculture or mixture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the in?uence of soil moisture content on plant growth and the rhizosphere microbial community structure of four plant species (white clover, alfalfa, sudan grass, tall fescue), grown individually or in a mixture. The soil moisture content was adjusted to 55% or 80% water holding capacity (WHC). The results indicated that the total plant biomass of one pot was lower at 55% WHC. At a given soil moisture, the total plant biomass of white clover and tall ...
SH1085309.09FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Dolastatins 24: synthesis of (–)-dolastatin 10. X-Ray molecular structure of N,N-dimethylvalyl-valyl-dolaisoleuine tert-butyl ester

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Total synthesis of the extraordinary antineoplastic constituent, dolastatin 10, from the Indian Ocean mollusc Dolabella auricularia has been summarized. The final synthetic step involved diethyl cyanophosphonate-mediated coupling of Dov-Val-Dil with Dap-Doe. Improved syntheses of these important precursors has led to a very practical synthesis of natural dolastatin 10. Important details of the HPLC and high-field (500 MHz) NMR characterization techniques employed to confirm the purity of dolastatin 10 have been recorded.
Caries risk and preventive home-treatment in pre-school children - An Irene Donuts ellaborative pilot study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Caries risk assessment is an effort performed to determine the causes of dental caries and the caries risk of the children. The purpose of the study was to determine the caries risk of pre-school children and the possible preventive home-treatment in reducing the risk. Methods: This research was descriptive with sampling method used was the total sampling technique. Data were collected using the Irene’s Donuts caries risk form to determine the caries risk and preventive treatment of the children. Caries risk assessment data was presented in the form of frequency distribution tables. Results: The first-year research resulted as follows: distribution of caries risk frequency based on the interview conducted towards the parents in Ulul Azmi and Amanah Kindergarten, regarding their education, age, children’s habits, showed that the highest risk (88.9%) in both kindergartens was found in children who still drink milk with pacifier bottles until more than four-years-old. The second highest risk amongst Ulul Azmi Kindergarten students (88.9%) was found in children with daily candy consumption; the highest risk amongst Arroyyan Kindergarten (90%) was tooth decay which considered not interfering the children’s development with the pH level below 6.5. Regarding the treatment choice of the students, the most choices taken amongst Ulul Azmi Kindergarten parents were helping their children brush their teeth at night before bedtime; assuring the children’s sufficient water consumption in Amanah Kindergarten parents; assuring the children’s vegetable and fruits contained menu in Arroyyan Kindergarten parents. Conclusion: The highest caries risk of pre-school children is tooth decay, with the possible preventive home-treatment, were helping the children to brush their teeth at night before bedtime, assuring the children’s sufficient water consumption, and assuring the children’s vegetable and fruits contained menu.
Physiologic variation inMycosphaerella graminicolafrom western Canada

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici), the causal agent of septoria leaf blotch of wheat, has increased in prevalence in the prairie region of Canada in recent years. It is important to know if variation in virulence occurs in the local population as was reported in other countries. Seventy-four pathogen isolates were collected from hexaploid wheat fields in Manitoba and Saskatchewan and tested for virulence on a set of differential genotypes, including four hexaploid and two tetraploid wheat genotypes. Seedlings were inoculated with a conidial suspension and assessed 14 and 21 days later for the presence of necrosis, chlorosis, and pycnidia to identify virulence patterns. Reactions of the differential host genotypes to different isolates ranged from susceptible to near-immune. Adult-plant reactions were similar to seedling reactions for all genotypes used in this study. A difference in virulence patterns on one genotype suggested that physiological specialization occurs and that two virulence groups are present in the pathogen population from western Canada, based on the set of wheat genotypes used in this study.
Not All Errors are Created Equal

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Large indoor spaces continue to pose challenges to independent navigation for people who are blind. Unfortunately, assistive technologies designed to support indoor navigation frequently make errors that are technically difficult or impossible to eliminate. We conducted a study to explore whether there are strategic ways designers can minimize the impact of inevitable errors on user experience. This paper summarizes an online survey of 41 blind individuals regarding their projected acceptance to three types of errors expected of these devices. We found that some errors were more acceptable than others. Factors that impacted results included the error type and the social/environmental setting.
[Interaction between anticancer drugs and DNA studied by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry].

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

To elucidate further sequence selectivity and nature of the binding of anticancer drugs to DNA, the interaction between anticancer drugs, which are minor groove ligands (distamycin A, DM and netropsin, NP) and intercalator (mitoxantrone, MT), and DNA were studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The 2 : 1 specific complex of DM and AT-rich DNA were observed principally, while only 1 : 1 specific complex of NP and AT-rich DNA were observed. MT specifically binds to GC-rich DNA. In addition, DM binds to DNA containing 5 A/T bases minor groove almost in a 2 : 1 mode and does not bind to DNA containing 3 A/T bases minor groove. NP binds most strongly to DNA containing 4 A/T bases minor groove. The 1 : 1 specific complex of MT and 6-mer DNA was also observed. The result of competitive binding experiment shows that DM binds more strongly to AT-rich DNA than NP does. These results provide bases for investigating the mechanism of interaction between the drugs and DNA and for improving the structure of target drug.
1219: EFFECT OF HIGH-DOSE THIAMINE INJECTION ON SHOCK REVERSAL IN SEPTIC PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Thiamine (TH) is a co-factor for pyruvate dehydrogenase, an enzyme necessary for pyruvate entry into the Krebs cycle, and without this enzyme, pyruvate would be converted to lactate. Elevated lactate, which is often used as a marker of perfusion, is proportionally associated with increased mortality in septic shock. The few publications on TH in septic shock are inconclusive. This study aims to ascertain if there is benefit to adding TH to standard of care (SOC) in the management of septic shock. Methods: IRB-approved, multicenter, retrospective review from 2016 to 2021. Adult patients admitted to the ICU for septic shock and receiving ≥ 400 mg a day of IV TH (in divided doses) were included. Patients < 18, pregnant, admitted for SARS-COV-2, or whom received < 400 mg of TH daily were excluded. Two matched cohorts were evaluated, SOC plus TH versus SOC alone. The primary endpoint is time to shock reversal, defined as off vasopressors for at least 12 hrs and alive. Secondary endpoints include time to lactate clearance (< 2 mmol/L), lactate trends at 6, 12, 24, 48 hrs, and end of therapy, hospital and ICU lengths of stay, new end organ dysfunction, and in-hospital mortality. Results: Data from 50 patients were analyzed: 25 in the SOC plus TH and 25 in the SOC arm. The TH arm had greater number of vasopressors (2 vs. 1, p=.019), and greater utilization of stress-dose steroids (72% vs. 8%, p<.001), however there was no difference in cumulative vasopressor dose in norepinephrine equivalents at baseline (BL) (30.1 vs. 25.8 mcg/min, p=.248). There was no difference in SOFA score at ICU admission (10 vs. 8.5, p=.106) or lactate level at ICU admission (5.9 vs. 3.9 mmol/L, p=.055). There was a longer time to shock reversal from vasopressor initiation time in the TH arm (93 vs. 37.1 hrs, p=.023). Lactate clearance was slower in the TH arm (44.75 vs. 15.8 hrs, p=.027), and there was increased in-hospital mortality in the TH arm (13 vs. 5, p=.018). Conclusions: Compared to SOC alone, TH treated patients had longer times to shock reversal. However, this outcome may have been confounded by differences at BL with regard to number of vasopressors, and stress-dose steroid utilization, which indicate these patients were sicker at BL. Larger, prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.