jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Developing a representation of simple voting games within category theory

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Simple voting games (SVGs) are mathematical idealisations of decision-making by a council or board for example the EU Council of Ministers or the UN Security Council. -- The theory of SVGs includes structure-preserving mappings. Until now, these have not been organised in a category. -- We start in the most natural way, with the objects of the category being SVGs conceived as sets of sets of voters and arrows being isomorphisms, bloc formation and inclusion maps. -- An alternative category, or sequence of categories, of SVGs, is simple to define. Co is the category with two objects and a single non-identity arrow between them. Cn+i is the arrows category of Cn. Encouragingly, the category-theoretic duals, products and coproducts correspond to duals, meets (products) and joins (coproducts) in SVGs. This category is a partial order. We develop a new notation for SVGs and have almost immediate proof of substantial results, for example the construction of the constant-sum extension of a game and the fact that the Banzaf-Penrose measure for a bloc of two voters is equal to the sum of the Banzaf-Penrose measures for the two voters. -- The Cn are also lattices. We can find the bipartitions as a sublat-tice which is also Boolean algebra. -- Lattice homomorphisms between the Cn correspond to structure-preserving mappings of SVGs. We can build another category with these. -- We also have a bijective mapping between SVGs and ordered pairs of a simplicial complex and its Alexander dual. This connects the theory of SVGs with topology.
The ultrastructural study of primary intracranial germ tumors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe here ultrastructural and clinicopathological features of five primary intracranial germinomas. By electron microscopy, two major tumor components were defined as large, well differentiated tumor cells and non-neoplastic cells such as macrophages, astrocytes and lymphocytes. Nuclei of tumor cells were round to oval, often presented irregularly contoured nuclear membranes with oval indentations and, occasionally, cytoplasmic invagination. Some of them constituted unusual conformational changes of nuclear membranes rarely described as intranuclear pockets. Desmosome-like intercellular junctions were observed in several neoplastic cells. The nucleoli were composed of a loose, fragmented nucleolonema, whereas elongated, anastomosing and rope-like nucleolonemas, described previously as characteristic for germinomas were not seen. Most tumor cells had villous cytoplasmic projections sometimes intermingled with similar projections of macrophages. Cytoplasm contained a moderate number of mitochondria, a few lysosomes, annulate lamellae, centrioles and glycogen particles. The other distinct components of tumor were lymphocytes, macrophages and astrocytes. Scattered astrocytes typically contained abundant glial filaments adjacent to primary tumor cell. A filopodia-like processes of macrophages often interspersed between other cells, were very prominent features of germinomas. Small lymphocytes were found scattered between the tumor cells, single or in clusters.
Consistency in Acceleration Patterns of Football Players with Different Skill Levels

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aims of the present study were to compare the consistency in the lower limb acceleration patterns during inside and instep kicks performed by players with different skill levels, and to investigate the correlation between subjective rating scores for skill level relative to their kicking performance and knee acceleration repeatability. Thirteen club-level male soccer players of ages between 15-16 years participated in this study. Skill levels of individual players were quantified previously by evaluating shooting performance as a numerical value ranging from 1 to 10. Further evaluations were held through tri-axial acceleration data recorded at proximal tibial tuberosity beneath each patella on the players’ knees, in a procedure in which players were asked to complete four randomly ordered shooting trials of inside and instep kicks with 2-minute resting intervals. Hence, the mainstream data used in consistency calculations are in the form 4 by 1200 matrices (acceleration vs. time) per subject. In order to evaluate the consistency of acceleration data, the mean of the standard deviations (mSD) were calculated, and the associated Pearson-r correlation coefficients were incorporated to obtain mSD vs. skill correlations. As a result, repeatability was found to increase with skill level at z-axis acceleration for instep kicks only. However, it is possible to find the most appropriate orientation (for the two kicks) for meaningful correlations using vector rotations on the 3 orthogonal acceleration data, and this study shows that, after such suitable vector rotations, positive repeatability results could also be acquired for the inside kicks.
Structure of an Ectodermally Expressed Sea Urchin Metallothionein Gene and Characterization of Its Metal-Responsive Region

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The metallothionein-A gene in the metallothionein gene family of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (SpMTA gene) was sequenced and found to contain three coding exons plus a 3' entirely noncoding exon. Putative alpha and beta MT domains were encoded, by its exons 2 and 3, respectively, in reverse of the order in vertebrate metallothionein genes. The SpMTA promoter was characterized through the expression of recombinant constructs containing various portions of the proximal 678-base-pair (bp) 5'-flanking region of the SpMTA gene. Zygotes injected with constructs were cultured to the blastula stage in the presence of a heavy-metal chelator and then incubated in the presence or absence of cadmium. The longest constructs were expressed only when heavy-metal ion was present. Two putative metal-responsive elements (MREs a and b) within 240 bp of the transcription start site resembled mammalian MREs in their critical 8-bp cores (TGCRCNCS) and in their locations relative to each other and to the TATA box. Elimination of activity by site-specific mutations in MREs a and b, separately or in both, identified them as metal regulatory elements. Thus, MRE recognition in this invertebrate resembles that in vertebrates. Upstream sites with single-mismatched MREs neither acted as MREs nor amplified the activity of MREs a and b. The SpMTA, Spec1, and CyIIIa actin genes, which have the same ectodermal specificity, have common DNA elements at relatively similar locations in their promoter regions; however, these elements are insufficient in themselves to promote gene expression.
The Ford administration, Angola and the perception of Post-Vietnam US credibility, 1974-1976

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis is a study of how the Gerald Ford administration struggled to address a perceived loss of US credibility after the collapse of Vietnam, with a focus on the role of Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in the formulation, implementation and subsequent defence of US Angolan policy. By examining the immediate post-Vietnam period, this thesis shows that Vietnam had a significant impact on Kissinger’s actions on Angola, which resulted in an ill conceived covert operation in another third world conflict. In 1974, Africa was a neglected region in Cold War US foreign policy, yet the effects of the Portuguese revolution led to a rapid decolonization of its African territories, of which Angola was to become the focus of superpower competition. After South Vietnam collapsed in April 1975, Kissinger became fixated on restoring the perceived loss of US prestige, Angola provided the first opportunity to address this. Despite objections from his advisors, Kissinger methodically engineered a covert program to assist two anti-Marxist guerrilla groups in Angola. As the crisis escalated, the media discovered the operation and the Congress decided to cease all funding. A period of heated tensions ensued, resulting in Kissinger creating a new African policy to outmanoeuvre his critics publicly, while privately castigating them to foreign leaders. This thesis argues that Kissinger’s dismissal of internal dissent and opposition from the Congress was influenced by what he perceived as bureaucrats being affected by the Vietnam syndrome, and his obsession with restoring US credibility. By looking at the private and public records – as expressed in government meetings and official reports, US newspaper and television coverage and diplomatic cables – this thesis addresses the question of how the lessons of Vietnam failed to influence Kissinger’s actions in Angola, but the lessons of Angola were heavily influential in the construction of a new US-African policy.
Comparison of the Motor Effects of Individual Vestibulo- and Reticulospinal Neurons on Dorsal and Ventral Myotomes in Lamprey

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In the lamprey (a lower vertebrate), motor commands from the brain to the spinal cord are transmitted through the reticulospinal (RS) and vestibulospinal (VS) pathways. The axons of larger RS neurons reach the most caudal of approximately 100 spinal segments, whereas the VS pathway does not descend below the 15th segment. This study was carried out to compare functional projections of RS and VS neurons in the rostral spinal segments that the neurons innervate together. To reveal these projections, individual RS or VS neurons were stimulated, and the responses of different groups of spinal motoneurons were recorded in ventral root branches to dorsal and ventral parts of myotomes. The responses were detected using a spike-triggered averaging technique on the background of ongoing motoneuronal activity. Individual RS and VS neurons exerted uniform effects on segmental motor output within this rostral part of the spinal cord. The effects of VS neurons on different groups of motoneurons were weaker and less diverse than those of RS neurons. The results indicate that VS neurons are able to elicit a flexion of the rostral part of the body and to turn the head in different planes without affecting more caudal parts. By contrast, larger RS neurons can elicit head movement only together with movement of a considerable part of the body and thus seem to be responsible for formation of gross motor synergies.
Les documents multimédia au centre de documentation et d’information (CDI) : état des lieux, perspectives documentaires et pédagogiques

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For the last few years, the increasing number of titles of electronic documents on the edition market had various repercussions, principally as regards the acquisition and the offers of documentary and teaching tools in the School Documentation and Information Centres (CDI. s). When surveying the CDROM supplies in the CDI. s, we can identify an amount of categories of electronic productions which, for each of them, reveal a representation of different types of learning and of the learner. The documentalist-teacher, as being responsible for the documentary offer by the CDI on an educational level, sometimes happens to be in a delicate situation, which gradually implies a new trend for his actions, indeed even for his missions.
Influența politicului în administrația publică. Studiu de caz pe Suedia, Germania, Danemarca și Marea Britanie

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although the politico-administrative relati-onships represent a weird field for many of those not specialized in public administration the importance of the issue cannot be ignored. The influence of politicians in the policy making processes is at stake. Politicians are claiming the right to impose their political programs because they are representing the will of the people mandated by vote. Bureaucrats have expertise and better knowledge of the needs of the citizens coming from the day by day interaction with them. The facts presented in the present paper show that, with few exceptions, countries experience increasing political influence over the decision making processes. Even administrative systems with strong bureaucratic traditions, such as Sweden and Germany, face elements of politicization. What seems to be important for the well functioning of the modern societies is keeping an appropriate equilibrium between the two components of the Government.
[Insulinoma of the pancreas--difficulties with imaging].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present a case of 29-year old man in whom despite the lack of finding tumor in USG and CT surgical intervention was performed and insulinoma of the pancreas was excised. Insulinoma was diagnosed on the basis of clinical picture (Whipple's triade) that was reassured by positive fast test. The fast was terminated at 11 and half hours because of neuroglycopenic symptoms with serum glucose and insulin levels 2.0 mmol/l (36 mg/dl) and 11.07 microU/ml respectively, which established the diagnosis. Laparotomy was performed, during which the tumor was palpated and seen in ultrasonography in the head of pancreas. The tumor of 12 mm diameter was excised. Histopathological examination revealed benign insulinoma. After surgery the symptoms alleviated completely. The patient with proper glucose levels was discharged in good health. The case supports high usefulness of intraoperative ultrasonography and surgeon's palpation.
The Use of Silver Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Agents between 2014 and 2023 in Brazil and Worldwide: A Bibliometric Review

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study aimed to employ bibliometric methodologies to provide an overview of silver nanoparticles used as antimicrobial agents over the past decade. According to research conducted using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, a total of 2504 articles were published globally, of which 109 were from Brazilian institutions. Notably, approximately 70% of the leading article-producing countries are in Asia, with India emerging as the primary contributor with 1892 articles. Brazil ranked sixth in terms of publication volume, contributing 366 articles. Predominantly, the Southeastern region of Brazil exhibited the highest publication output, constituting 61% of the total, with the state of São Paulo playing a central role. Despite a gradual increase in the number of publications, most studies focused on synthesis methodologies, mainly producing aqueous silver nanoparticle solutions and their correlation with antimicrobial applications. The scarcity of publications addressing their efficacy in final commercialized products poses challenges for regulatory actions, quality control, and sanitary surveillance. Bibliometric studies are valuable tools for guiding future research efforts with significant potential impacts to foster a deeper understanding of this topic within the scientific community.
New Generation Biological Products On The Basis Of Porous Phosphatic Glass Carrier For Recovery Of Soils and Water Areas Polluted With Oil-Products In The Conditions Of Northern Territories

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract According to expert assessment current level of world oil production of 4,2–4,5 billion tons per year will be held till the end of fortieth years of XXI century /1/. The forecast for the Russian Federation for 2013 – oil production will be 581 million tons.
Correction to Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants using Silicone Wristbands and Hand Wipes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants using Silicone Wristbands and Hand WipesStephanie C. Hammel, Kate Hoffman, Thomas F. Webster, Kim A. Anderson, and Heather M. Stapleton*Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50, 18, 10291Publication Date (Web):August 26, 2016Publication History Published online26 August 2016Published inissue 20 September 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.6b04169https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04169correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1188Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (120 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Incidence of lymphoma in a large primary care derived cohort of cases of inflammatory polyarthritis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of lymphoma in a primary care derived cohort of new onset cases of inflammatory polyarthritis and assess the contribution of disease severity and standard immunosuppressive treatment.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.METHODS: 2105 subjects with new onset inflammatory polyarthritis were recruited to the Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR) and followed annually for (median) 8.4 years. Occurrence of lymphoma was determined by annual morbidity review and linkage to the central hospital database serving the NOAR area. Cases of lymphoma were verified by record review. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) for lymphoma were calculated compared with the local, age, sex, and calendar year expected rates. Stratified analyses were undertaken for various markers of disease severity and treatment history.RESULTS: There were 11 cases of lymphoma during 15,548 person years of follow up, the majority of which were of large B cell type. Compared with the local population the SIR was 2.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 4.2). The risks in cases classified as rheumatoid arthritis, ever rheumatoid factor positive, or ever treated with DMARDs were all higher, the highest risk group being those treated with methotrexate: SIR = 4.9 (1.8 to 10.6).CONCLUSIONS: There was a doubling in risk of lymphoma in new onset cases of inflammatory polyarthritis. Patients with the most severe disease were twice as likely as other patients to develop lymphoma. These results need to be taken into account when considering reported increased risks of lymphoma compared to background population risk in users of new biological agents. PMID: 16249224 Funding information This work was supported by: Arthritis Research UK, United Kingdom Grant ID: 17552
Mixed-order compositing for 3D paintings

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a method for rendering 3D paintings by compositing brush strokes embedded in space. The challenge in compositing 3D brush strokes is reconciling conflicts between their z-order in 3D and the order in which the strokes were painted, while maintaining temporal and spatial coherence. Our algorithm smoothly transitions between compositing closer strokes over those farther away and compositing strokes painted later over those painted earlier. It is efficient, running in O(n log n) time, and simple to implement. We demonstrate its effectiveness on a variety of 3D paintings.
Development of a Long Duration Flow Facility for Studies of Blast-Fire Interaction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The study reports on the conversion of an underground complex into a Long Duration Flow Facility (LDFF), the calibration of the facility, and a limited test program to study the effect of long duration pressure pulses on extinguishing materials simulated to have been ignited by the coincident thermal pulse (so-called 'blast-fire' interaction). High speed photographic cameras and pressure sensing gauges instrument the test room. Three blast-fire interaction tests were conducted and it was found that the blast wave extinguished initial fires, but would not extinguish smoldering fires in upholstered materials such as mattresses. These tests demonstrated the usefulness of the facility.
THE CD1 SYSTEM: Antigen-Presenting Molecules for T Cell Recognition of Lipids and Glycolipids

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

▪ Abstract Recent studies have identified the CD1 family of proteins as novel antigen-presenting molecules encoded by genes located outside of the major histocompatibility complex. CD1 proteins are conserved in all mammalian species so far examined and are prominently expressed on cells involved in antigen presentation, which suggests a role in activation of cell-mediated immunity. This has now been confirmed by functional studies demonstrating the ability of CD1 proteins to restrict the antigen-specific responses of T cells in humans and mice. Identification of naturally occurring antigens presented by CD1 has revealed the surprising finding that these are predominantly a variety of foreign lipids and glycolipids, including several found prominently in the cell walls and membranes of pathogenic mycobacteria. Structural, biochemical, and biophysical studies support the view that CD1 proteins bind the hydrophobic alkyl portions of these antigens directly and position the polar or hydrophilic head groups of bound lipids and glycolipids for highly specific interactions with T cell antigen receptors. Presentation of antigens by CD1 proteins requires uptake and intracellular processing by antigen presenting cells, and evidence exists for cellular pathways leading to the presentation of both exogenous and endogenous lipid antigens. T cells recognizing antigens presented by CD1 have a range of functional activities that suggest they are likely to mediate an important component of antimicrobial immunity and may also contribute to autoimmunity and host responses against neoplastic cells.
Low-Complexity Semiblind Channel Estimation in Massive MU-MIMO Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems are a promising solution for achieving high throughput and robust transmission in next generation mobile communications. Achieving the optimal transceiver design in such systems requires an accurate knowledge of the channel state information. However, in massive MU-MIMO systems, the quality of the channel estimates is often degraded by pilot contamination. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity semiblind channel estimation algorithm to mitigate the ill effects of pilot contamination. In the proposed approach, the received signals are first projected onto the subspace with minimal interference, where the bases of this subspace are determined recursively via a low-complexity modified power method. An initial estimate of the projected channel coefficients is then made based on a small number of pilot symbols. Finally, data symbols are detected and the channel estimation is refined alternatively. Compared with existing channel estimation methods, the proposed algorithm has lower complexity due to the subspace projection and innovation process. An asymptotic analysis reveals that the mean square error of the channel estimates is inversely proportional to the length of the data symbols. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing works and alleviates the pilot contamination effects effectively.