jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Methodological quality of meta-analyses indexed in PsycINFO: leads for enhancements: a meta-epidemiological study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objectives Meta-analyses (MAs) are often used because they are lauded to provide robust evidence that synthesises information from multiple studies. However, the validity of MA conclusions relies on the procedural rigour applied by the authors. Therefore, this meta-research study aims to characterise the methodological quality and meta-analytic practices of MAs indexed in PsycINFO. Design A meta-epidemiological study. Participants We evaluated a random sample of 206 MAs indexed in the PsycINFO database in 2016. Primary and secondary outcomes Two authors independently extracted the methodological characteristics of all MAs and checked their quality according to the 16 items of the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR2) tool for MA critical appraisal. Moreover, we investigated the effect of mentioning Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) on the methodological quality of MAs. Results According to AMSTAR2 criteria, 95% of the 206 MAs were rated as critically low quality. Statistical methods were appropriate and publication bias was well evaluated in 87% and 70% of the MAs, respectively. However, much improvement is needed in data collection and analysis: only 11% of MAs published a research protocol, 44% had a comprehensive literature search strategy, 37% assessed and 29% interpreted the risk of bias in the individual included studies, and 11% presented a list of excluded studies. Interestingly, the explicit mentioning of PRISMA suggested a positive influence on the methodological quality of MAs. Conclusion The methodological quality of MAs in our sample was critically low according to the AMSTAR2 criteria. Some efforts to tremendously improve the methodological quality of MAs could increase their robustness and reliability.
Phenotypic Consequences of PLOD2 Mutations in Bruck Syndrome Inform a Collagen Lysyl Hydroxylase Crystal Structure

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To The Editor Leal and colleagues1 recently sequenced genomic DNA from patients with Bruck syndrome and identified novel mutations in PLOD2, which encodes a collagen lysyl hydroxylase (LH) that is necessary for normal bone and cartilage development.2 Based on a homologous LH domain structure we recently determined,3 one of the mutations (His687Arg) involves a Fe2+-binding ligand in the active site that is essential for dimer assembly and enzymatic activity. Overall, nearly half of the mutations identified are within a narrow region of the LH catalytic domain (amino acids 610 to 629) that demonstrated a minimal signal in the electron density map. We speculate that these amino acids form a flexible loop that covers the active site and are critical for the regulation of enzymatic activity, a possibility supported by the severe phenotypic consequences of these mutations, which ranged from moderate osteogenesis imperfecta to embryonic lethality.1 One additional lethal mutation identified in patients with Bruck syndrome involved a residue on the dimerization interface of the LH structure (Asp585). Thus, findings from Leal et al. support the conclusion that LH enzymatic activity requires dimerization and, possibly, an active site cap.
The early development of social work: A comparison between the West and Bangladesh, a South Asian developing country

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The main purpose of this paper is to find out the similarities and differences of the origin and development of social work in the West and in a South Asian developing country: Bangladesh. In this paper, the author points out four aspects – charity and religion, poor and impoverished, social justice and equality, and concern for women – where the development of social work is almost the same in these two opposite regions of the world. The author also shows that the differences depend on how social work is practiced in different countries as well as on the situation of the country, type of government, social policies and existing laws of the country. The paper also provides a clear picture of how social work, which is not professionalized yet in Bangladesh, assists and provides social services for the well-being of the poor people.
Analisis Organisasi Remas (Remaja Masjid Riyadhul Jannah) Desa KD Kampil: Tantangan Dan Pengaruh Terhadap Keterlibatan Anggota

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to analyze the Remas Organization (Riyadhul Jannah Mosque Youth) KD Kampil Village, which was founded at the end of 2020. The problems that are the focus of the research include the lack of involvement of members, especially female members, lack of initiative from youth, and internal problems in monthly deliberations. The research methods used were participatory observation, interviews with the Head of the Organization, Ahmad Syafi'udin, and analysis of documentation related to organizational activities. The research results show that the lack of involvement of female members is influenced by the large number of female members who are married, while the lack of youth initiative is caused by the workload of young people who are already working. Internal problems in monthly deliberations involve disagreements between members and inconsistent attendance. Proposed improvement efforts include increasing the involvement of female members through special programs, encouraging youth initiative through leadership training activities, and improvements in the deliberation process to increase the effectiveness of meetings and minimize conflict. It is hoped that this research can contribute to improving the performance and involvement of members in the KD Kampil Village Remas Organization.
Current Status of the Neuroradiology Specialty in Europe

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Directive no. 93116/EEC enacted by the European Community Council of Ministers on 5th April1993 concerns the free movement of doctors and the recognition of degrees, diplomas and other qualifications. The Directive contains a list of recognised medical specialties which does not include Neuroradiology. The Directive can be amended following proposals from at least one Member State to the European Commission which will consult the EU Advisory Committee on Medical Training. Decisions on medical specialities by the Advisory Committee are based on the Standing Committee of European Doctors and through them, on the UEMS (Union Europeenne des Medicins Specialistes). The Union has specialist sections corresponding to the disciplines listed in the EU Directive. For a discipline to be recognised as a specialty by the UEMS, it must be included in the EU medical directives (cf. supra), be recognised as an independent specialty by over a third of the Member States and fulfill three requirements (adopted by the UEMS Executive Council on 3rd November 1979): a) The specialty must be effectively practised exclusively by competent specialists in the majority of EU Member States. b) The number of practising specialists must be sufficient to allow the formation of boards for the examination or recognition of specialists. c) The specialty must be practised in qualified teaching hospitals.
Mountain Top Univeersity 2024–(2025, (JUPEB),Pre-Degree form is out Call ☎{07066280862 OR 07066280862} DR ANITA For More Details–Apply For Admission If You Wish To Study At The University,It's Time To Apply For The Post Utme Screening Form 2024/2025 Session Which Now On Sale.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Mountain Top Univeersity 2024&ndash;(2025, (JUPEB),Pre-Degree form is out Call ☎️{07066280862 OR 07066280862} DR ANITA For More Details&ndash;Apply For Admission If You Wish To Study At The University,It&rsquo;s Time To Apply For The Post Utme Screening Form 2024/2025 Session Which Now On Sale.&nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION OF IMPROVE THE DESIGN EFFICIENCY OF AUTOMATED CON

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Хлібопекарська галузь України за останній час стикається із достатніми серйозними економічними, технологічними та технічними проблемами. Виникнення проблем пов’язано зі зниженням якості основної сировини для виготовлення хлібобулочних виробів та із значно
Differential low density lipoprotein receptor-dependent formation of eicosanoids in human blood-derived monocytes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We studied the ability of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) to provide arachidonic acid (AA) for eicosanoid biosynthesis in human blood-derived monocytes. When incubated in the presence of reconstituted LDL that contained cholesteryl [1-14C]arachidonate (recLDL-[14C]AA-CE), resting monocytes formed three labeled products of the prostaglandin (PG) H synthase pathway: 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, thromboxane B2, and PGE2. The amounts of these eicosanoids in response to recLDL-[14C]AA-CE were comparable to or exceeded those that were produced in response to the addition of 10 microM unesterified [1-14C]AA. By contrast, resting monocytes formed only small amounts of products of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, leukotriene (LT) B4 and LTC4 from either recLDL-[14C]AA-CE or [14C]AA, indicating preferential utilization of AA in the PGH synthase reaction. However, they converted LDL-derived [14C]AA efficiently into LTB4 and LTC4, when they were first incubated with recLDL-[14C]AA-CE and subsequently stimulated with the chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine or the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. The classical LDL receptor pathway mediated the synthesis of all of the above eicosanoids from LDL but not from unesterified AA. These results demonstrate that the LDL receptor pathway preferentially promotes the synthesis of PGH synthase products in resting human blood-derived monocytes and that an additional mechanism is required to promote effective synthesis of 5-lipoxygenase pathway products from AA that originates in LDL cholesteryl esters.
Beneficial effects of melatonin on acetylsalicylic acid induced liver damage in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We investigated the effects of acute high doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on liver tissue and the protective and therapeutic effects of melatonin on ASA related damage. Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups of eight: group 1, control; group 2, administered 200 mg/kg ASA; group 3, administered 5 mg/kg melatonin 45 min before ASA; group 4, administered 5 mg/kg melatonin 45 min after ASA; group 5, administered 5 mg/kg melatonin. We measured malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in the liver. ASA treatment significantly increased MDA and MPO production, whereas it significantly decreased levels of SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH in the liver. Melatonin significantly decreased MDA and MPO production, whereas it caused increased levels of antioxidants. AST and ALT levels were higher after ASA treatment, whereas these levels were reduced significantly after melatonin administration. Our histopathological findings, including apoptosis, were consistent with the biochemical results. Melatonin exhibits beneficial effects against high dose ASA induced hepatotoxicity. [Med-Science 2017; 6(4.000): 653-658]
SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA may rarely be present in a uterine cervix LBC sample at the asymptomatic early stage of COVID 19 disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Currently, it is thought that uterine cervix mucosal samples present a low risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure. So far, there is no evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 detection in Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Nevertheless, clinicians could be exposed unaware to the coronavirus while performing and handling a Pap smear. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in cervical liquid‐based cytology (LBC) samples in women who tested positive for a nasopharyngeal COVID‐19 PCR test. Methods From our laboratory database, we identified patients with data on a cervical cancer screening LBC sample paired with a positive nasopharyngeal COVID‐19 PCR test. Relevant LBC samples taken within an incubation period of 14 days and post‐onset RNA shedding interval of 25 days were subsequently tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA using RT‐PCR tests. Results The study group consisted of 102 women. Of those, 23 LBC samples were tested. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was detected in one LBC sample from a 26‐year‐old asymptomatic woman taken six days before reporting headaches and knee arthralgia with a positive nasopharyngeal SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR test. Conclusions It is possible to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in cervical LBC samples at an early asymptomatic stage of COVID‐19. In general, this finding is infrequent in asymptomatic women who tested SARS‐CoV‐2 positive within an incubation of 14 days and a post‐onset RNA shedding period of 25 days. We fully support the current thinking that cervical LBC samples from asymptomatic women pose a low risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure and can be handled in the frame of good microbiological practice and procedures.
Heavy metals at Porspoder

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Heavy metals at Porspoder. These measurements are gathered as a part of the following projects CAMP, EMEP and they are stored in the EBAS database (http://ebas.nilu.no/). Parameters measured are: arsenic in precip (mass_concentration_of_arsenic_in_precipitation), cadmium in precip (mass_concentration_of_cadmium_in_precipitation), chromium in precip (mass_concentration_of_chromium_in_precipitation), cobalt in precip (mass_concentration_of_cobalt_in_precipitation), copper in precip (mass_concentration_of_copper_in_precipitation), lead in precip (mass_concentration_of_lead_in_precipitation), nickel in precip (mass_concentration_of_nickel_in_precipitation), vanadium in precip (mass_concentration_of_vanadium_in_precipitation), zinc in precip (mass_concentration_of_zinc_in_precipitation)
Survival of extreme heat related to circadian cycle and sex in bees

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The pollination services provided by insects have been a crucial part of evolution and survival for many species, including humans. For bees to be efficient pollinators they must survive the environmental insults they face daily. Thus, looking into the short- and long-term effects of heat exposure on bee performance provides us with a foundation for investigating how stress can affect insect pollination. Solitary bees are a great model for investigating the effects of environmental stress on pollinators because the vast majority of insect pollinator species are solitary rather than social. One of the most pervasive environmental stressors to insects is temperature. Here we investigated how a one-hour heat shock affected multiple metrics of performance in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata. We found that a short heat shock (1hr at 45ºC) can delay adult emergence in males but not females. Bee pupae were rather resilient to a range of high temperature exposures that larvae did not survive. Following heat shock (1hr at 50ºC), adult bees were drastically less active than untreated bees, and this reduction in activity was evident over several days. Heat shock also led to a decrease in bee survival and longevity. Additionally, we found a connection between starvation survival after heat shock and time of exposure, where bees exposed in the morning survived longer than those exposed in the afternoon, when they would normally experience heat shock in the field. These data suggest that there is an unexplored daily/circadian component to the stress response in bees likely similar to that seen in flies, nematodes, and plants which is constitutive or preemptive rather than restorative. Taken together our data indicates that single heat shock events have strong potential to negatively impact multiple life history traits correlated with reproduction and fitness.
Data_Figure 1_11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases control access of 7β,27-dihydroxycholesterol to retinoid-related orphan receptor γ

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Data of figure 1 from 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases control access of 7β,27-dihydroxycholesterol to retinoid-related orphan receptor γ Dataset (doi:10.1194/jlr.M092908) contains the original figure as TIF-format (10.1194_jlr.M092908_Fig. 1). Corresponding raw data obtained from LC-MS/MS analysis provided three files in CSV format (31003A-179400_DATE_KB_27Oxysterol_4_1_1-3). All further experiment related information and subsequent data analysis provided as two meta-data-files as TXT format and PDF format.
Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Trictenotoma Gray, 1832 (Coleoptera: Trictenotomidae). Part 3 – Species from the Philippine Archipelago, with Description of a New Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The species of Trictenotoma Grey, 1832 from the Philippine Archipelago are critically assessed, description of T. boudanti Drumont et Telnov sp. nov. from Balabac and Palawan, and a redescription of T. cindarellaKriesche, 1921 from Mindanao are provided. A key to the Philippine Trictenotomidae Blanchard, 1845 is presented for the first time.
Quantifying Privacy for Privacy Preserving Data Mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data privacy is an important issue in data mining. How to protect respondents' data privacy during the data collection and mining process is a challenge to the security and privacy community. In this paper, we describe two schemes for privacy preserving naive Bayesian classification which is one of data mining tasks. More importantly, for each scheme, we present a method to measure data privacy. We finally compare these two methods
Global value Chain Governance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract The drivers of economic globalization are leading many firms to disaggregate and redistribute their operations by outsourcing and offshoring. The result of the process is to create global value chains (GVCs) that are a collection of loosely affiliated, spatially distributed firms engaged in bringing products from raw materials to end use. A key insight from previous research is that GVCs are typically orchestrated by multinational enterprises (MNEs) given their control over key markets or critical technologies. Yet, very little is known about the emerging phenomenon in which MNEs appear to control production along the GVC without ownership of those assets. This is an important issue as consumers, regulators, and civil society are holding flagship MNEs increasingly responsible for behavior and performance along their entire GVC. This chapter analyzes GVC governance to highlight the fact that MNEs often require specific types of capabilities that relate to the context of their industry and the GVC in which they are embedded. The dynamic capabilities approach is extended to explore the ways and means of GVC governance by lead MNEs to shed new light on the contextual differences that influence the resources and capabilities required to improve GVC performance.
Spline Baseline Model Flexibility Independently Affects the Accuracy and Precision of In Vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectral Fitting in a Metabolite‐Specific Manner Not Visually Predicted by Fit Residuals

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H‐MRS) data often exhibit baselines or low‐amplitude signal variations resulting from residual water, imperfectly suppressed lipids, low‐amplitude metabolites not considered for fitting, and other features not represented in a basis set. While multitudinous approaches exist to model these baselines in 1 H‐MR spectral analysis, many continue to lack systematic validation against varied and realistic ground‐truth standards. Here, we compare the accuracy (error mean) and precision (error standard deviation) of metabolite scaling estimates by linear combination modeling (LCM) spectral fitting accounting for spectral baselines via smoothed cubic splines at 50 different combinations of fixed knot interval and smoothing weight, either with or without additionally simulated Gaussian basis signals to separately model spectral macromolecules. Synthesized in‐vivo‐like metabolite brain spectra incorporating macromolecule signals measured using double‐inversion‐recovery‐prepared sLASER ( T E 20.1 ms; T R 2 s; T I 1 920 ms; T I 2 330 ms) at 3 T from single voxels in the frontal and occipital cortex of 10 healthy volunteers (five female; 23 ± 5 y.o.) provided both in vivo realism and a standard ground truth for error calculation. Optimal baseline flexibility differed both by definition of “optimum” as either accuracy or precision and by metabolite. Regardless of definition or metabolite, optimal models were not those yielding the smallest fit residuals. Optimized spline baseline definitions yielded high accuracies (lowest mean error −0.003 ± 2.1% for total N‐acetyl aspartate and highest mean error 10.1 ± 19.2% for glutamate + glutamine within fits including macromolecule bases) as well as comparable precision for most metabolites to fits achieved in LCModel; inclusion of simulated macromolecules in baseline models improved maximum fit precision but not accuracy. Taken together, these data illustrate that optimized spline baseline model flexibility exhibits metabolite‐specific relationships with 1 H‐MR spectral quantification accuracy or precision not readily predicted by visual inspection of associated fit residuals and not necessarily improved by adaptive relative to absolute constraints.
Disorders of vision in multiple sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological inflammatory disorder known to attack the heavily myelinated regions of the nervous system including the optic nerves, cerebellum, brainstem and spinal cord. This review will discuss the clinical manifestations and investigations for MS and other similar neurological inflammatory disorders affecting vision, as well as the effects of MS treatments on vision. Assessment of visual pathways is critical, considering MS can involve multiple components of the visual pathway, including optic nerves, uvea, retina and occipital cortex. Optical coherence tomography is increasingly being recognised as a highly sensitive tool in detecting subclinical optic nerve changes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is critical in MS diagnosis and in predicting long-term disability. Optic neuritis in MS involves unilateral vision loss, with characteristic pain on eye movement. The visual loss in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder tends to be more severe with preferential altitudinal field loss, chiasmal and tract lesions are also more common. Other differential diagnoses include chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy and giant cell arteritis. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy affects young males and visual loss tends to be painless and subacute, typically involving both optic nerves. MS lesions in the vestibulocerebellum, brainstem, thalamus and basal ganglia may lead to abnormalities of gaze, saccades, pursuit and nystagmus which can be identified on eye examination. Medial longitudinal fasciculus lesions can cause another frequent presentation of MS, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, with failure of ipsilateral eye adduction and contralateral eye abduction nystagmus. Treatments for MS include high-dose corticosteroids for acute relapses and disease-modifying medications for relapse prevention. These therapies may also have adverse effects on vision, including central serous retinopathy with corticosteroid therapy and macular oedema with fingolimod.