jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Advancements in H2S Scavenger Technology

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Presence of H2S in oilfield systems adds to many operational difficulties such as safety, compliance, environmental, and corrosion. Treatment and handling of sour production greatly increases overall well operational costs. Triazine based chemistries are often applied to eliminate H2S from the system. Three major applications where H2S scavengers are applied are produced gas, mixed production, and separated oil. Use of triazine to treat H2S has many drawbacks such as the formation of insoluble solids, which has resulted in the shutdown of gas contact towers. Triazine often exhibit low efficiency and kinetics in mixed production applications and have caused scaling by considerably raising the brine pH. Triazines are normally successful in removing H2S from oil, however large concentrations of these aqueous-based scavengers can have a considerable impact on BS&W, potentially resulting in out-of-spec oil. Triazines that partition into desalted oil can also cause downstream corrosion problems in refineries by producing corrosive hydrochloride salts in crude towers. As a result, several refineries have downgraded or banned crude containing triazines. This paper describes recent development to create new scavenger technologies that helps enable efficient scavenging while eliminating or greatly decreasing issues associated with present scavenger technology. Rather than a universal H2S scavenger with potential performance sacrifices, the strategy followed was to build scavengers that were a best fit for each application. Understanding the application environment and selecting the best scavenger chemistry for the job can result in considerable CAPEX and OPEX savings, increased productivity, improved dependability, and safer H2S management.
Grand Rounds: Outbreak of Hematologic Abnormalities in a Community of People Exposed to Leakage of Fire Extinguisher Gas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The acute transient hematologic effects observed in the exposed residents were associated with the incident of leakage of mixed fire-extinguisher gases and were most likely caused by a small amount of pyrolytic products, probably phosgene. Nine months after the exposure, we found a significant improvement in the abnormalities without any specific treatment.
Four Cases of Obstruction at the Duodeno-jejunal Junction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

B=Tm 1013 of the latter group 9.6% developed demonstrable lesions.But when the 9.6% of students were analysed further, 6.2% were regarded as primary complexes and pleurisy and only 3.4% as reinfection lesions, a figure similar to the 3.1% of
Efficacy and Failure Patterns of Early SBRT to the Primary Tumor in Advanced EGFR Mutation-Positive Lung Cancer with EFGR-TKI treatment: A Prospective, Single Arm, Phase II Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Early stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to the primary tumor combined with EFGR-TKI treatment may increase progression-free survive (PFS) by delaying resistance in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Methods In this prospective, single arm phase II study, patients with advanced NSCLC were treated with EGFR TKI (Icotinib125mg tid or gefitinib 250mg qd) for one month followed by SBRT (40-60Gy/5-8F/5-10d) to the primary tumor with concurrent EGFR TKI until disease progression. The primary endpoint was PFS and the patterns of failure. Overall survival (OS) and adverse effects (AEs) were second endpoints. Results Overall 41 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations received treatment with 24.42 months of median follow-up time. On average, SBRT was initiated 1.49 months after EGFR-TKI administration. Tumors were found to have an average shrinkage rate of 42.50%. Median PFS was 15.23 months (95% CI 13.10-17.36), while median OS was 27.57 months (95% CI 23.05–32.09). Thirty-three patients were found to have disease progression, of which new site failure (NF) (22 patients, 66.66%) was the most common pattern, followed by original site failure (OF) (7 patients, 21.21%) and Simultaneous OF/NF (ONF) (4 patients, 12.12%). There was no AEs equal to or greater than grade 3 with the most frequent AE being radiation pneumonitis. Conclusions Administering therapy targeted at the primary tumor using early SBRT after EGFR-TKI initiation is a new potential safe and effective approach to treat EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC.
Spontaneous Alternation in Mice: A Test of the Mere-Exposure Hypothesis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Spontaneous alternation after confinement (habituation) to an arm of a T-maze was studied in three strains of albino mice: Simpson inbred, BALB/c, and Prince Henry random-bred. The confinements were from 5 min to 8 hr long, in a series of experiments with controls for both response bias and handling. As confinement increased, so did a tendencyrelated to sex, strain, and perhaps ageto prefer familiarity. After 8 hr of confinement, Prince Henry randombred female mice showed a marked preference for familiarity. The findings are consistent with Zajonc's mere-exposure hypothesis and suggest further work on the relationship between site attachment and exploratory behavior.
Cleaning and Disinfection of Surfaces in a COVID-19 Respiratory Syndrome Unit: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of an educational intervention on the cleaning and disinfection processes within a respiratory syndrome unit, serving as a designated facility for COVID-19 patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed, incorporating a pre-intervention and postintervention assessment. The evaluation of surfaces involved various monitoring techniques, including Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) testing, colony-forming unit analysis, and visual inspections. All statistical analyses were conducted at a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Results: Following the implementation of the educational intervention, a notable reduction in surface contamination rates was observed. Significant improvements were noted for specific surfaces when utilizing the ATP testing method, including benchtops (p = 0.030), mattresses (p = 0.014), doorknobs (p = 0.014), and armchairs (p = 0.014). Furthermore, a decrease in the total count of aerobic bacteria was observed for benchtops (p = 0.014), mattresses (p = 0.014), and doorknobs (p = 0.014). Visual inspection results also indicated enhancements, with approval rates for benchtops, armchairs, and mattresses rising from 0% before the intervention to 37.5% afterward. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate substantial improvements in approval rates following the implementation of the educational intervention. Additionally, this research provides valuable insights for the development of ongoing educational initiatives for the healthcare team, incorporating evaluation and feedback mechanisms as well as updates to cleaning and disinfection protocols.
The Social Context of Perceived Drought Vulnerability1

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper examines perceptions of drought vulnerability among residents of the southern San Joaquin Valley portion of Kern County, California. The area is unique in the western United States because of its complex water delivery infrastructure and its intensive level of agricultural production supported by agricultural labor. The area is interesting to rural sociologists because it was part of Goldschmidt's research on the social implications of agribusiness. We argue that the relationship between resource production and social stratification suggested by Goldschmidt's research presents some important implications for understanding perceptions of resource scarcity in the present day. We explore perceptions of drought vulnerability by several dimensions of stratification—primary occupation, location of residence, length of residence, household income, and racial/ethnic background. While our findings illustrate that agricultural owners/operators perceive the greatest levels of concern about severe drought, the unique character of agricultural production in the area is related to perceptions of vulnerability among broader segments of the local population. The findings suggest that dependence upon existing water utilization patterns may present substantial obstacles to effective drought policy and planning.
Nestorian Church

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The Nestorian Church is the name commonly given to the Church of the East, which formed in the Sasanian Empire (224–642 CE ). At its height between the sixth and ninth centuries CE , this Church, also known as the East‐Syrian Church, constituted the largest Christian community in Asia, and possibly in the world. Its patriarch, based at the Sasanian capital of Seleukeia‐Ktesiphon, and later at Baghdad, oversaw more than eighty bishoprics spread across fourteen modern countries. Although the Church fell into sharp decline in the post–Mongol period, its modern branches, including the Assyrian and Chaldean Churches, remain active in india, Europe, North America, Australia, and some parts of the Middle East.
Retention Rate of the Human Performance Course in Flight Training

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Pilots are obliged to accurately assess a situation that poses a risk to flight safety and take the necessary corrective action. The theoretical knowledge in flight training is essential to accomplish this. The objective of the study is to ascertain the retention rate of the human performance (HP) course and to determine the necessity of refresher training. Sixteen questions were prepared for pre- and post-tests about the atmosphere, hypoxia and hyperventilation, barotrauma, and spatial disorientation. After completion of the pre-test, participants were instructed to watch the online training video covering the same HP subjects, and finally, a post-test was administered to evaluate the achievement of the training. Seventy-five percent or higher scores were accepted as successful. Thirty-three pilots participated in this study. The mean score of the post-test was higher than the pre-test (p < 0.001). Sixty-three percent of the pilots were successful in the pre-test, and the success rate increased to 87.9% in the post-test (p = 0.011). This study demonstrated that human performance refresher training will be beneficial to increase the retention rate of essential information in flight physiology and will contribute to aviation safety.
Diversity, Complexity and Technological Change: An Empirical Study of General Printing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study of technological change is now well established. However, much of the sociological work in this area has been concerned with the identification of international/national general trends or tendencies towards either deskilling or enskilling. As yet relatively little attention has been devoted to the detailed ethnography of the effects of technological change as experienced by those directly involved. Where such work has been undertaken it tends to point towards a more complex reality than is commonly acknowledged by the more quantitative or general theories. Using data from a qualitative study of employment relations in the general printing industry this paper seeks to set detailed micro-level analysis within this wider context of technological change, thereby drawing attention to those areas of diversity and complexity which may be overlooked by more general theories.
Content and Bioaccessibility of Vitamin K (Phylloquinone and Menaquinones) in Cheese

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble group of vitamers consisting of phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinones (MKs). To date, only a daily reference intake for PK is set; however, in the last decade, research studying the correlation between MKs intake and improvement of health in regards to cardiovascular diseases, bone metabolism, and chronic kidney disease has been conducted. MKs are synthesised by bacteria in the fermentation process of foods, e.g., cheeses. The content and bioaccessibility of vitamin K vitamers (PK, MK-4, MK-5, MK-6, MK-7, MK-8, MK-9, and MK-10) were assessed in eight different cheese products differing in ripening time, starter culture, fat content, and water content. The bioaccessibility was assessed using the static in vitro digestion model INFOGEST 2.0. Variation of the vitamin K content (<0.5 μg/100 g–32 μg/100 g) and of the vitamin K bioaccessibility (6.4–80%) was observed. A longer ripening time did not necessarily result in an increase of MKs. These results indicate that the vitamin K content and bioaccessibility differs significantly between different cheese products, and the ripening time, starter culture, fat content, and water content cannot explain this difference.
The sensitivity test of 2.45GHz RFID active tag

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

RFID active tag sensitivity is an important indicator of the tag, and its sensitivity is related to the location and orientation of the tag. However, in the actual application of the tag, its optimal working position and direction cannot be determined directly. Analysed the existing test method of active tag sensitivity, the test result of the tag sensitivity in any direction is used as the tag sensitivity. For the limitations of existing test methods, this paper presents a new idea and method for sensitivity testing of a 2.45GHz RFID active tag. Setting up the test environment used the biconical antenna, based on the sensitivity test in the stepping at the same angle in different directions, and the analysis algorithm based on measured data. The test experiment shows that the test result based on this method is rigorous and effective, and can be widely used in 2.45GHz RFID active tag sensitivity test.
Framework on Safety Influential Factors for the Performance of Malaysian Construction Industry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The construction industry in Malaysia is one of the main contributors to the country's GDP.The construction industry also offers employment opportunities for local and foreign citizens.This paper developed a framework on safety influential factors for the performance of Malaysian construction industry.The paper reviewed relevant literature and figure out the most relevant variables coupled with the mediating variable on the developed framework.The conceptual framework in this paper depicts the relationships between Independent Variables (Management Activities on Site, Incentives, Policy Factors, Personnel Factors, Technical Factors, Process Factors), Mediating Variable (Staff Training) as well as Dependents Variable (performance of Malaysian Construction Industry).The paper show that there is a mediating effect on the relationship between factors influencing safety and performance of Malaysian construction industry.
Elevation in white blood cell count after corticosteroid use in noninfected hospitalized patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background It is widely accepted that corticosteroids cause leukocytosis. Clinicians must decide whether a rise in white blood cell (WBC) count is due to steroids versus other processes like developing infection. Objective The objective of this study is to measure the increase in white blood cell count after corticosteroid administration in hospitalized patients without malignancy, infection, or immune dysfunction. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study from 2017 to 2018 in a single large healthcare system. We analyzed the trajectory of WBC count stratified by steroid dose. The study included nonsurgical patients admitted with at least two complete blood count measurements. Patients were excluded if they had immunosuppression, infection, malignancy, or steroid use within 2 weeks before admission. The main outcome was mean WBC count by day following corticosteroid administration. Results Our sample included 28,425 patients with at least two WBC measurements, 1608 (5.7%) of which received steroids. WBC response peaked at 48 h after steroid administration with a mean increase of 2.4 × 10 9 /L WBCs. In all patients on steroids, across doses, the mean increase was 0.3 × 10 9 /L WBCs, 1.7 × 10 9 /L WBCs, and 4.84 × 10 9 /L WBCs in low, medium, and high dose groups, respectively. For patients not on steroids, the mean WBC count decreased during hospitalization. Conclusions When interpreting WBC counts after initiating steroids, increases of up to 4.84 × 10 9 /L cells may be seen within 48 h after high‐dose steroids. Larger increases, and any increase after low‐dose steroids, suggest other causes of leukocytosis.
Decoupling electrical and mechanical loss measurements in piezoelectric ceramic

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Specimens of commercial piezoelectric ceramic material are commonly screened before use by observing their two-terminal impedance or admittance behavior as a function of frequency near the most prominent electromechanical structure resonance. Often a companion admittance measurement is made at 1 kHz, and interpreted in terms of the free capacitance and its associated dielectric loss tangent. Due to the strong electromechanical coupling of this class of materials, the low-frequency dissipation should be regarded as due to combined electrical and mechanical losses. This paper discusses an inductive tuning measurement strategy that permits substantially decoupled observations of the electrical and mechanical losses to be made. Motivation for the method is developed using standard equivalent circuit analogies, which also provide a useful means for interpreting two-terminal electrical measurements on the materials of interest. Such an approach is beneficial because linear piezoelectric materials such as lead zirconate titanate are not very lossy, and a low-frequency dissipation measurement typically does not yield a very precise loss tangent determination.
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence aptasensor for thrombin incorporating poly(pyrrole-co-pyrrole propylic acid) nanoparticles loaded with aptamer and ruthenium complex

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A novel electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor for highly sensitive detection of thrombin was developed on the basis of poly(pyrrole-co-pyrrole propylic acid) nanoparticles loaded with aptamer and ruthenium complex. Thrombin binding aptamers served as the molecular recognition elements and ruthenium bis(2,2′-bipyridine) (2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid)-ethylenediamine (Ru1) was used as an ECL signal complex. Novel electroactive polymers poly(pyrrole-co-pyrrole propylic acid) nanoparticles (Ppy-pa NPs) were synthesized by a simple alcohol-assisted microemulsion polymerization. Ru1-Ppy-pa NPs were synthesized by covalently coupling Ru1 with the Ppy-pa NPs. Ppy-pa NPs and Ru1-Ppy-pa NPs were characterized using a fourier transform infrared spectrometer, super-conducting fourier digital NMR spectrometer, and transmission electron microscope. One ECL chemical sensor fabricated by immobilizing the Ru1-Ppy-pa NPs on PIGE was developed for the determination of TprA with a high sensitivity and stability. The ECL aptasensor was fabricated by covalently coupling the thrombin binding aptamer-I (TBA-I) onto the surface of the paraffin-impregnated graphite electrode, which had been covalently modified with a monolayer of 4-aminobenzene sulfonic acid via electrochemical oxidations, for capturing thrombin onto the electrode and then the TBA-II labeled with Ru1-Ppy-pa NPs was bound with epitope of thrombin. The ECL aptasensor showed an extremely low detection limit of 3.0×l0?16 mol/L for thrombin and a good selectivity. This work demonstrated that using Ppy-pa NPs as a carrier of ruthenium complex and molecular recognition element was a promising approach for the fabrication of ECL biosensor with high sensitivity.
Konfigurationsbestimmung von geometrischen Isomeren mittels selektiver 13C{1H}‐NOE‐Differenzspektroskopie

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Application of Selective 13 C{ 1 H}‐NOE Difference Spectroscopy in Determination of the Configuration of ( Z )/( E )‐Isomers Heteronuclear 13 C{ 1 H}‐NOE studies have been performed to elucidate the configuration at the imino double bond in N , N ′‐Dicyanoquinonediimines. Selective low‐power irradiation of the neighbouring ring protons in compounds 1 – 5 increases the signal intensities of CN as well as of the imino‐C‐atoms in the 13 C‐NMR spectra. The increase of signal intensity can easily be detected by the difference spectroscopy. The results of this investigation are in good agreement with a recently published study on the stereochemistry of N , N ′‐Dicyanoquinonediimines, based on the interpretation of 13 C‐chemical shifts.
Superoxide generation catalyzed by the ozone-inducible plant peptides analogous to prion octarepeat motif

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ozone-inducible (OI) peptides found in plants contain repeated sequences consisting of a hexa-repeat unit (YGH GGG) repeated 7-9 times in tandem, and each unit tightly binds copper. To date, the biochemical roles for OI peptides are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that the hexa-repeat unit from OI peptides behaves as metal-binding motif catalytically active in the O2•--generation. Lastly, possible mechanisms of the reaction and biological consequence of the reactions are discussed by analogy to the action of human prion octarepeat peptides.
Points from Letters: Long-term Senior Hospital Locum

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background:

An overview is provided of the progress made in a Department of Health (DH) initiative to implement an engineered solution to the maladministration of spinal injections. In an effort to eliminate the possibility of misconnection errors at the spinal route, the DH is investigating the potential for dedicated spinal equipment that will be incompatible with standard Luer syringes, needles and associated devices.

Method:

Background information on the problem of misconnection errors is provided and a systematic approach to their eradication is detailed. Research to date has entailed extensive bench-testing of prototype non-Luer connectors, a prospective hazard analysis of spinal procedures in haematology and anaesthesia and usability evaluation of prototype non-Luer devices in simulated environments.

Results:

The prospective hazard analysis identified two potential risks which will need to be managed as part of a successful implementation programme.

Conclusion:

Usability testing of two prototype connection systems concluded that one design was inadequate, as the non-Luer element was provided as a separable adapter. The second connection system was modified following the first round of testing, and achieved improved satisfaction ratings from clinicians in round two. This system was selected to proceed to a pre-implementation evaluation and the research team are currently evaluating its acceptability in clinical use.