jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Telogen effluvium revisited.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Telogen effluvium (TE) is heterogeneous disorder. It can be classified into three main categories: the premature teloptosis, the collective teloptosis and the premature entry into telogen. The last category can be divided in three types: the drug induced TE, TE due to dietary deficiencies and the "autoimmune" TE. Despite this heterogeneity, the large majority of TE that arrive at the dermatologist's observation pertain to the autoimmune type, featuring a standard presentation. The typical patient is a woman claiming to have always had a "full head of hair" and reporting her hair to come out suddenly "by the handful". Usually, she is accurate about the date of onset of her shedding. She is in good health, without signs of anorexia nor nutrient deficiencies. She admits to having been in an anxious state for some months, and felt, occasionally or not, a painful or burning sensation at the scalp (trichodynia). Usually, the course of the disorder is chronic but intermittent, with apparent remissions being irregularly intermitted by relapses. The shed hairs do not exhibit telogen roots, but mostly exogen ones. This distinct entity, shares some analogies with alopecia areata, including the triggering role of emotional stress, trichodynia and the frequent association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Methods to assess its severity and to monitor treatment are described. In the absence of a documented etiopathogenesis, no treatment can be endorsed, but a course of topical corticosteroids could be tried.
Compensation of Leg Length Discrepancy Using Computer Vision in a Self-Adaptive Transtibial Prosthesis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There are numerous methods available for evaluating leg length discrepancy (LLD), ranging from classic clinical techniques to advanced systems based on sophisticated and expensive equipment, as well as rudimentary manual adjustment mechanisms for the prosthesis by specialists. However, unilateral amputee patients often face difficulties in accessing these solutions. They either lack the necessary equipment or do not have a medical specialist available to assist them in preventing postural imbalances. This study proposes the first smartphone-based computer vision system that evaluates and automatically compensates for leg length discrepancy in transtibial prostheses, offering a low-cost, accessible, and fully autonomous alternative to existing solutions. The method was tested using complex metrological systems. The application of the proposed method demonstrated its effectiveness in correcting simulated LLD for various values. Experimental validation demonstrated the system’s ability to restore symmetry in simulated LLD cases within the 1–10 mm range, achieving a relative compensation error of 2.44%. The proposed method for correcting LLD, based on computer vision and integrated into a smartphone, represents a significant advancement in restoring symmetry for unilaterally amputated patients. This technology could provide an accessible, efficient solution, thereby reducing the need for frequent prosthetist visits and enhancing user autonomy.
Adjustment of nonlinear models and growth parameters and body nutrient deposition in meat-type and laying quail

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the adjustment quality of non-linear models and estimate the growth parameters and body chemical composition of a meat-type quail strain (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) and two laying quail strains (Coturnix coturnix japonica), designated yellow and red. The study used 1500 quail, not sexed, distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and five repetitions. The experimental period was from 1-42 days of age. The birds were raised in a conventional system and fed ad libitum with a diet formulated to meet their nutritional requirements. Quail were weighed weekly, and a representative sample was slaughtered to evaluate their body chemical composition. The adjustment quality of the models was evaluated by means of the residual mean square (RMS), regression residue squares sum (SSRR), and number of iterations required for convergence. In evaluating the adjustment quality for the body weight of the three strains, the Gompertz, Logistic, and Von Bertalanffy models gave good fit, with Gompertz providing the best adjustment among them. For body composition, the Gompertz and Logistic models were the best, with Gompertz showing a slight superiority. Gompertz is the best model for describing growth curves and body chemical composition of body weight, protein, water, and ash in meat-type quail. In addition, it is the best model for describing growth curves and body chemical composition of body weight of yellow laying quail and of body weight, protein, and ash in red laying quail. Logistic was the best model for describing growth curves and body chemical composition of water, protein, and ash in yellow laying quail, and of water in red laying quail.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,6‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐diarylmethylene‐2,5‐cyclohexadiene‐1‐thiones. First Isolable Unanellated Thioquinone Methides.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Pruning Severity on V egetative, Physiological, Yield and Quality Attributes in Grape (Vitis vinifera L.): A Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grape is one among the most delicious, refreshing and nourishing fruits of the world. It is one of the earliest fruits grown by man. The berries are a good source of sugars and minerals like Ca, Mg, Fe, and vitamins like B1, B2, and C. Grape has so many uses and is so unique that no fruit can challenge their superiority. Crop load is the most important factor affecting yield and cluster quality as well as vine vigor of both seeded and seedless varieties. Hence, an optimum canopy size and bunch number per vine are to be maintained for achieving better fruit Quality which warrants proper balancing between vigour and capacity. The pruning requirement of different varieties differs as per their growth behaviour. Therefore, variety-specific standardization of pruning is essential for any grape cultivars for harnessing potential yield and quality. In this view, it is essential to get scientific information on the pruning requirement of grapes. Pruning all the matured canes to fruit bud level, as adopted by local grape growers results in more exploitation of reserved food material leading to loss of vigour, quality and early setting of senility in vines. Heavy bearing of vines results in poor quality fruits with low TSS and high fruit acidity.
Review: New treatment strategies for proliferative lupus nephritis: keep children in mind!

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Renal involvement is frequent in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and carries significant short and long-term morbidity. Treatment strategy in proliferative glomerulonephritis relies mainly on studies in adult patients where conventional treatment regimens including high doses of cyclophosphamide (CYC) and steroids may cause severe side effects. New strategies including sequential therapies of various combinations of low dose CYC, calcineurine inhibitors (cyclosporine or tacrolimus), mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, rituximab are now under investigation in adult patients with very few data in children. Organization of international registries and controlled trials in children with lupus nephritis is mandatory to determine long term prognosis and to validate less toxic therapy regimens in childhood. Lupus (2007) 16, 684—691.
A Study on the Design Development Methods and the Characteristics of Zero Waste Fashion Design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The importance of environment has come into focus recently, and this has led to increased attention on zero waste fashion design as a method to minimize waste from the production stage of fashion goods. The purpose of this study was to analyze the development method types and the characteristics of zero waste fashion design in order to study the eco-friendly meanings of zero waste fashion design, as well as its meaning as creative design development methods. Through the case analysis of recent designs, the design types of zero waste fashion design were largely classified into cut and sew, folding, draping, and non-woven types, and they were classified again according to the characteristics of production process. According to the result of analyzing fashion design development methods of zero waste fashion designs based on the process of completing design, they were classified into pattern making, computer programming, draping, assembling of the unit, and non-woven moulding methods, and the aspect of combined use rather than utilization of one method appeared. Formative characteristics of zero waste fashion design included decorative beauty, formative beauty, and transformable beauty and its design characteristics were fortuity and unexpected properties, breaking stereotypes, structural flexibility and futuristic innovation.
Maximizing Network Stability in a Mobile WiMax/802.16 Mesh Centralized Scheduling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

WiMax/802.16 mesh network is an emerging infrastructure that offers a cost-effective deployment for high-capacity wireless broadband access to the backhaul network. Recently, mobility in WiMax/802.16 based mesh networks has been discussed through the IEEE 802.16e standard. Hence, mesh nodes need no longer be stationary, and as a result they will be powered from energy limited batteries. In such networks, radio frequency RF-links become vulnerable to breakage due to nodes mobility and nodes are condemned to failure when their battery is depleted. Adopting this deployment strategy requires a mechanism for selecting the most stable routing paths (with the highest RF-links and nodes availability). In this paper, we develop a mathematical model that considers RF-link and node characteristics in such mesh networks and maximizes the network stability.Namely, our model takes into account the interference caused by adjacent RF-links as well as nodes mobility and energy.Results show that selecting most stable paths augments the longevity of the network's time of operation which in turn leads to a higher data delivery and more satisfied clients.
Researches on the properties of fat replacer with cassava

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The fat replacer was obtained from the tapioca by hydration with α amylase, which was a liquor limited dextrin. The fat replacer constitutes were analyzed, and the effect of pH and hydration temperature on the strength of gel were studied. The results showed that under the condition of pH 3.5～5.0 and 75℃～100℃, the properties of the obtained gel was the best, and the mouthfeel of limited dextrin was similar to that of fat.
Heuristics for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Allocation Problem

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The electric vehicles have been considered in advantage in terms of sustainability as well as emission of pollutants. However, the successful incorporation of electric vehicles in the actual transportation system depends on overcoming of two main barriers: the low range of the electric vehicles in comparison with traditional internal combustion vehicles, and the low number of electric recharging stations. By increasing the number of recharging points it is possible to compensate the range limitations of electric vehicles, nevertheless, creating this infrastructure causes high costs. Therefore, the objective of this study has been to develop an optimization methodology that allows planning of the recharging infrastructure for electric vehicles in an urban environment that minimizes the cost, based on provider's point of view.
Intensive Stuttering Therapy With Telepractice Follow-up: A Case Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This case report describes the positive outcome of a therapeutic intervention that integrated an intensive, residential component with follow-up telepractice for a 21 year old male who stutters. This therapy utilized an eclectic approach to intensive therapy in conjunction with a 12-month follow-up via video telepractice. The results indicated that the client benefited from the program as demonstrated by a reduction in percent stuttered syllables, a reduction in stuttering severity, and a change in attitudes and feelings related to stuttering and speaking.
Checklist of Cambodian bats (Chiroptera), with new records and remarks on taxonomy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Thirty-one bat species have been registered in the course of two expeditions to Cambodia in January–February 2000 and July–September 2002. Eight of them, namely Macroglossus sobrinus, Taphozous theobaldi, Hipposideros cineraceus, H. galeritus, Rhinolophus pusillus, Miniopterus schreibersii, Miniopterus sp., and Harpiocephalus harpia are reported from Cambodia for the first time. Occurrence of Rousettus leschenaulti and Pteropus hypomelanus is confirmed, while that of Saccolaimus saccolaimus, on contrary, rejected. Specific distinctiveness of Harpiocephalus mordax has been rejected in the view of the latest findings, including the molecular data. It should be regarded as a synonym of H. harpia. One species, Miniopterus sp., is not identified at this stage, and is likely to represent a new species. In general, Cambodian bat fauna could be characterised as typical Indomalayan, with almost 70% of its registered species not occurring outside the region. It is lacking any species common in the neighbouring zoogeographic regions, with only one, Miniopterus schreibersii, occurring throughout the Old World, Australia, and Oceania. An annotated species list, with notes on taxonomy, distribution and occasionally ecology is presented. Selected measurements have been given as well. Updated checklist with 48 registered bat species is proposed.
Mutagenicity to Mammalian Cells of Epoxides and Other Derivatives of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of several polycyclic hydrocarbons and their K-region derivatives were tested in a clone of Chinese hamster cells; the production of clones resistant to 8-azaguanine was used as the marker for mutagenesis. In the series related to benz(a)anthracene, the K-region epoxide was highly mutagenic, and the phenol was less mutagenic; the hydrocarbon and cis and trans -dihydrodiols were not mutagenic. Seven resistant clones were isolated and retained their drug-resistance; three of these could be reverted to the wild type. There was no difference in the chromosome numbers among the parent and mutant clones. The results in the methylcholanthrene series were similar to those for benz(a)anthracene. However, in the dibenz(a,h)anthracene series, the phenol was more mutagenic than the epoxide. 7-Methylbenz(a)anthracene epoxide and 7-bromomethylbenz(a)anthracene were highly mutagenic, 7-bromomethyl-12-methylbenz(a)anthracene was less mutagenic, and the parent hydrocarbons were inactive. These results demonstrate that metabolic activation of polycyclic hydrocarbon is required for mutagenic activity in mammalian cells.
THE NATION'S PUBLIC WORKS: REPORT ON AIRPORTS AND AIRWAYS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While there is some evidence that the rate of growth in commercial aviation may be slowing (airline revenue as a fraction of GNP has dropped since 1980), the FAA expects passenger traffic and aircraft operations (mostly by general aviation planes) to grow 4.5 percent a year through the end of the century. This will place added pressure on the physical capacity of the system. Large and medium-sized airports have good access to the financial markets, and have been self-sufficient for capital as well as operating costs. Typically, these airports have long-term use agreements with the airlines that determine how fees will be charged. Users supply most public funds for aviation -- landing fees and other charges at airports and a sereis of Federal excise taxes -- most importantly an eight percent tax on airline tickets.
New Methods for capturing unidentified genetic Variation underlying Infectious Disease in Livestock Populations

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Genetic analyses of infectious disease data usually focus on disease resistance, but recent developments point towards additional traits that may influence animal health and performance, namely susceptibility, infectivity and tolerance. Estimating genetic parameters for these traits has proven difficult, because current quantitative genetics methods fail to account for the complex dynamic dependence structure between the traits. Here we propose two methods for incorporating infection dynamics into genetic analyses. The first method uses a hierarchical Bayesian framework for estimating genetic parameters for host susceptibility and infectivity from epidemiological data. The second method uses tools from mathematical dynamical systems theory to construct trajectory sequences representing resistance-tolerance co-expression patterns. Applying the methods to simulated and real data, respectively, shows that it is possible to determine the genetic footprint underlying infectious disease dynamics in livestock populations if appropriate data exist.
Efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy for functional dyspepsia: updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a chronic disorder that is difficult to treat. Helicobacter pylori may contribute to its pathophysiology. A Cochrane review from 2006 suggested that eradication therapy was beneficial, but there have been numerous randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published since. We evaluated impact of eradication therapy on both cure and improvement of FD, as well as whether any benefit was likely to arise from eradication of H. pylori . Design We searched the medical literature through October 2021 to identify RCTs examining efficacy of eradication therapy in H. pylori -positive adults with FD. The control arm received antisecretory therapy or prokinetics, with or without placebo antibiotics, or placebo alone. Follow-up was for ≥3 months. We pooled dichotomous data to obtain a relative risk (RR) of symptoms not being cured or symptoms not improving with a 95% CI. We estimated the number needed to treat (NNT). Results Twenty-nine RCTs recruited 6781 H . pylori -positive patients with FD. Eradication therapy was superior to control for symptom cure (RR of symptoms not being cured=0.91; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.94, NNT=14; 95% CI 11 to 21) and improvement (RR of symptoms not improving=0.84; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.91, NNT=9; 95% CI 7 to 17). There was no significant correlation between eradication rate and RR of FD improving or being cured (Pearson correlation coefficient=−0.23, p=0.907), but the effect was larger in patients with successful eradication of H. pylori than with unsuccessful eradication (RR=0.65; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.82, NNT=4.5, 95% CI 3 to 9). Adverse events (RR=2.19; 95% 1.10 to 4.37) and adverse events leading to withdrawal (RR=2.60; 95% CI 1.47 to 4.58) were more common with eradication therapy. Conclusion There is high quality evidence to suggest that H. pylori eradication therapy leads to both cure and improvement in FD symptoms, although the benefit is modest.
Executive Struggles in Italy 1861–1909

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The building of the nation-state in Germany and Italy meant a new relationship between those who lived there and the executive authorities. Dieter Gosewinkel explains, "State and nation entered into a new relationship. Belonging to the national state implied belonging to the nation."1 Gosewinkel characterizes this shift as the "nationalization" of the state, a construct that, as Hannah Arendt justly pointed out, set the stage for the development of statelessness.2 The closer relationship between the state and nation meant that the executive authorities would have to sharpen their anti-Gypsy policies if they wanted to keep those they labeled as Gypsies out of the nation. The place of birth and residence of populations labeled as Gypsies became critical, since these factors might be, and often were, used by Gypsies to claim belonging in the state (which, in turn, as Gosewinkel argues, implied membership in the nation).KeywordsNational AuthorityPublic SecurityJudicial ReviewForeign MinistryNational CommunityThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Anterior Thalamic Nuclei: Experimental Investigation of Cortico-thalamic fibers in primates (<em>Macacus rhesus</em>

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The limbic lobe has been thought by many to be an olfactory center because of its connection with the anterior thalamic nuclei. Walker ('37), in his treatment of the anterior nuclei of chimpanzee, goes along with this belief. The author has been unable to find clear cut evidence for this postulation. The anterior nuclei has subcortical connections with the mammillary bodies and also has connections with the limbic lobe. It has not been determined that the corpora mammillare is olfactory in function. It is evident that the limbic lobe is not olfactory. Therefore, it has not been adequately demonstrated that the limbic lobe nor the anterior nuclei are olfactory centers.\nThis thesis is concerned with the demonstration of a cortico-thalamic route from area 23 to the anterior nuclei. Also in supplement a study of the geographical boundary of the anterior thalamic nuclei was made.
Systematic Study on the Luminescent Properties, Thermal Stability, and Magnetic Behavior of GdOF: RE3+ (RE = Eu, Yb, and Er) Red Phosphors with Various Morphologies

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, GdOF:RE3+ (RE = Eu, Yb, and Er) phosphors with high thermally stable luminescence were reported, which were synthesized by an ionic liquid-assisted two-phase system and subsequent calcination technique for the first time. Nanodisks, nanorod aggregates, nanoneedles, and stubby nanorods were obtained by simply regulating the pH value. The luminescent properties of precursors and products were discussed in detail. By carefully adjusting the calcination temperature and the pH value of the initial system, pure red emission was achieved in both GdOF:Eu3+ and GdOF:Yb3+, Er3+ phosphors. The reason for distinct luminescent properties of different products was discussed from various perspectives. Moreover, the temperature-dependent spectra were measured and the GdOF:Eu3+ and GdOF:Yb3+, Er3+ products both exhibited outstanding thermal stability. In addition, the as-prepared nanomaterials presented paramagnetic properties, indicating their potential application in both field-emission displays and magnetic resonance imaging technology.