jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Djungarian Hamster—A Suitable Tool for Cancer Research and Cytogenetic Studies

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The Djungarian hamster, bred under usual laboratory conditions, developed different spontaneous neoplasms, most often mammary and skin cancers. Some mammary tumors were serially transplanted to noninbred animals. This hamster was susceptible to some chemical carcinogens and oncogenic viruses but resistant to others. It had comparatively few chromosomes (2n equal to 28), most of which could be recognized even in conventionally stained preparations. The chromosome-breaking effect of gamma-rays, chemical carcinogens, and viruses was studied with primary cultures of cells. Several transformed cell lines were developed. Karyotype abnormalities were generally not seen in primary and induced neoplasms. This hamster is a new suitable tool for cancer research and cytogenetic studies.
Moral Dilemmas and Consistency

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, it is argued that moral dilemmas need not indicate that the set of moral principles under which we define our obligations is inconsistent. It is also argued that the consistency of moral principles does not entail that moral dilemmas can be settled without residue. This points not only to an intractable fact about the human condition and the inevitability of guilt but also to a second‐order regulative principle: as rational agents we ought to conduct our lives and arrange our institutions so as to minimize predicaments of moral conflict.
Un’assenza nel paesaggio Governamentalità e commodificazione in A.K.A. Serial Killer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In autumn 1968, Nagayama Norio killed four people and was dubbed ‘the hand-gun serial killer’ by the media. The following year a collective led by Adachi Masao shot the experimental documentary film A.K.A. Serial Killer on the subject, leading to a debate on the magazine Eiga hihyō about the approach they used, which would be called fūkeiron , ‘landscape theory’. Starting from the Foucultian concept of governmentality, the article explores how the film documents the transformations taking place in Japan at the end of the high-growth era, producing a critique of media representation of violence and documenting the progressive homogenisation and commodification of the landscape.
Modelling and Development of a Mechanical Eye for the Evaluation of Robotic Systems for Surgery

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ophthalmic surgery, which addresses critical eye diseases such as retinal disorders, remains a formidable and arduous surgical pursuit. Nevertheless, with the advent of cutting-edge robotics and automation technology, significant advancement has been made in recent years to enhance the safety and efficacy of these procedures through meticulous research and development efforts. Ensuring the safe and effective execution of micro-surgical procedures requires stringent quality control measures, notably concerning evaluating and testing the devices utilized. During the development phase, these instruments must undergo extensive and continual evaluation by clinical practitioners to guarantee their safety and efficacy. Ideally, the test conditions should be identical to those of an actual operation. When testing robotic systems for ophthalmology, essential variables of the human eye, such as tissue properties and movement mechanisms, should be addressed. To minimize the discrepancy of tests and actual eye surgery conditions, in this paper, we propose a developed mechanical eye model to enable the realistic evaluation of ophthalmic surgical systems. After developing a virtual and physical model, the model was tested by an eye surgeon. The eye surgeon rated the model with four out of five possible points.Clinical relevance- This method ensures minimal discrepancy in verification of ophthalmic surgical devices by allowing the mechanical eye model to behave similar to the human eye, thus providing a realistic surgical procedure.
Prehospital Use of the Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway in Patients with Severe Polytrauma: A Case Series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case series of five patients is described demonstrating the utility of the intubating laryngeal mask airway in the prehospital setting, both as a primary airway rescue device and as a bridge to tracheal intubation. All patients were hypoxaemic, had sustained severe polytrauma and were trapped in their vehicles following road traffic collisions. A probability of survival study showed better-than-predicted outcomes for the group as a whole.
Fingertip Forces During Object Manipulation in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy. II

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study examines the coordination of fingertip forces during object manipulation in both the involved and non-involved hand of 14 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) aged between 8 and 14 years. While no impairment could be observed in the non-involved hand, subtle deficits in the sequencing of the grip–lift movement were observed in all children tested in this hand. However, they were able to scale the fingertip force output of the non-involved hand in advance (use anticipatory control) based on the object's weight. In the second experiment in this paper, we tested whether the anticipatory control can be generalized across hands. The results indicate that sensory information from the non-involved hand can be used for anticipatory scaling of isometric force increase during subsequent lifts with the contralateral involved hand. These findings suggest that the initial lack of anticipatory control usually observed in the involved hand of children with hemiplegic CP is likely to be based on disturbed sensory input.
Topology Optimization of Self-Supported Enclosed Voids for Additive Manufacturing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The paper proposes a heat-flux based topology optimization approach to design self-supported enclosed voids for additive manufacturing. The enclosed overhangs that require supports in additive manufacturing are removed from the optimized design by constraining the maximum temperature of a pseudo heat conduction problem. In the pseudo problem, heat flux is applied on the non-self-supported open and enclosed surfaces. Since the density-based topology optimization involves no explicit boundary representation, we impose such surface slope dependent heat flux through a domain integral of a Heaviside projected density gradient. In addition, the solid materials and the void materials in the pseudo problem are assumed to be thermally insulating and conductive, respectively. As such, heat flux on the open surfaces can be successfully conducted to external heat sink through the void (or conductive) materials. However, heat flux on the non-self-supported enclosed surfaces is isolated by the solid (or insulating) materials and thus leads to locally high temperature. Hence, by limiting the maximum temperature of the pseudo problem, self-supported enclosed voids can be achieved, and the slope of the open surfaces would not be affected. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach in the design of self-supported enclosed voids.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Lumut (Musci) di Lereng Gunung Wani, Suaka Margasatwa Buton Utara, Sulawesi Tenggara

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Diversity study on mosses at the slope of Wani mountain, North Buton Wild Life Reserve, South-east Sulawesi was conducted. There are 26 species belong to 14 genera and 8 families are recorded. Two genera i.e. Thuidium and Himanthocladium dominated in this area. Sixth species are recorded as “new record” to Sulawesi i.e. Barbella pendula,Calyptotheciumcaudatum, Himantocladium plumula, Pinatella ambigua, Taxithelium alare, and Thuidium investe.
An in vitro study of the P53 protein family and its interaction with human papillomavirus protein E6

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Der Tumorsuppressor p53 is das am häufigsten inaktivierte Protein in Krebstumoren. Er spielt eine wesentliche Rolle in der Reaktion auf DNA-Schäden und wird aufgrund seiner Bedeutung auch als Wächter des Genoms bezeichnet. Zusammen mit seinen Schwesterproteinen p63 und p73 bildet p53 eine Proteinfamilie, welche Gegenstand intensiver Forschungsbemühungen ist. Die Wichtigkeit von p53 verdeutlicht sich unter anderem im Zervixkarzinom, dessen Entstehung in nahezu jedem Fall auf eine Infektion mit Hochrisiko-Typen des Humanen Papillomvirus (HPV) zurückgeführt werden kann. Ein wesentlicher Mechanismus hierbei ist der rasche Abbau des Tumorsuppressorproteins p53 durch das virale Protein E6 in von HPV infizierten Zellen. Trotz ihrer strukturellen Ähnlichkeit zu p53 gibt es allerdings nur wenige Studien bezüglich der Anfälligkeit von p63 und p73 für einen Abbau durch E6. Zudem wird eine Datenerhebung dadurch verkompliziert, dass von beiden Proteinen mehrere Varianten (Isoformen) mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften gebildet werden können. In dieser Masterarbeit wird gezeigt, dass E6 den Abbau sämtlicher getester Isoformen von p63 und p73 fördert, und dass dieser Prozess ineffizienter ist als bei p53. Der Abbau von p53 unter verschiedenen Bedingungen wird ebenfalls diskutiert. Abschließend wird beschrieben, dass p53 und E6 nach in vitro Transkription und Translation in Anwesenheit des Oxygenaseinhibitors N-Oxalylglycin in erhöhtem Maße nachweisbar sind.
Xlam Ribbed Plates

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cross laminated timber (CLT, X-lam) started its mass production in the beginning of the 21st century. Over time it has become one of the most used products in the timber construction industry with its worldwide use constantly growing. The quantity of yearly cut timber especially in Europe is slowly reaching its maximum and its price is rising. Hence conventional CLT is becoming more expensive and less competitive on the market on the one hand and more straining on the forest on the other hand. CLT technology has still lots of potential for improvement that would allow for more effective and economic use under different boundary conditions. This paper presents a new type of cross-laminated timber plates called the “Xlam ribbed plates” (XR-lam). The main objective of the newly proposed plates is to optimise the structural performance of regular CLT in terms of material use by incorporating ribs into the main panel structure as well as simplifying their production. Analyses show that such plates could use up to 50% less timber for the same performance as well as speed up the construction of the buildings’ outer envelope. Hence, such elements could present a more competitive and forest friendly alternative to conventional CLT.
Environmental osmolarity and neurosecretory neurones in Lymnaea stagnalis (L.).

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cell body volume and Alcian blue-Alcian Yellow staining properties of neurosecretory neurones in the brain of Lymnaea stagnalis were compared for snails kept in de-ionised water and standard tapwater. In the same experiment, the ionic content of the blood, blood volume and body weight and environmental ionic composition were measured. Five days of immersion in de-ionised water resulted in significant decreases in body weight, blood volume and blood, Na+ and Cl- concentrations but no change in blood Ca2+, K+,and HCO3- concentrations, compared with controls. No consistently significant differences across the 5 day period were found in cell body volumes for Dark Green Cells, Yellow Cells or Light Green Cells (used as a control) when these volumes were compared for large numbers of cells from snails kept in de-ionised water and standard tapwater. However, the number of Yellow Cells which could be counted in snails kept in de-ionised water was lower than the number from standard tapwater by day 2 of the experiment and lower for Yellow-green Cells by day 5. We interpret this lower number to be the result of depletion of Alcian blue-Alcian Yellow stained neurosecretory material in these cells which made them impossible to distinguish. This was confirmed by examination of visceral Yellow Cells which could be identified on the basis of known location close to the visceral-right parietal connective.
Employees’ Perceptions on the Contribution of Performance Appraisal to Career Growth and Development in Kenya’s Ministry of Education in Nairobi City County, Kenya

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Performance Appraisal System (PAS) is a vital tool to measure the work set by any organization to its employees. PAS is used to track individual contribution and work performance against organizational goals and to identify individual strengths and opportunities for future improvements. Performance Appraisal System (PAS) assesses whether organizational goals are achieved and serves as basis for the organization’s future planning and development. This study determined the effects of employee attitude on the implementation of performance appraisal system among the employees in the Ministry of Education in Nairobi City County, State Department of Early Learning and Basic Education. The study adopted the concurrent mixed methods design where quantitative and qualitative methodologies were employed, simultaneously. The researcher used stratified sampling method to select the samples of the study by stratifying the staff into Education officers and Quality Assurance and Standards officers (QASOs). Semi-structured questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data from the respondents. The study recommends that ‘Appraisal training by MoE’; and ‘Perceived organization support by MoE’; are the main critical factors that need to be seriously addressed to improve employees’ Attitude on the implementation of Performance Appraisal System. The anticipated key users of the findings include human resources department of the Ministry of Education, the Public service management, other institutions and future researchers.
Mucosal nasopharyngeal immune responses of horses to protein antigens of Streptococcus equi

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Mucosal nasopharyngeal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG responses to proteins of Streptococcus equi were studied in horses after the experimental production of strangles. S. equi-specific IgA and IgG titers in nasopharyngeal mucus were much higher in samples from animals 1 to 2 weeks after challenge than in samples from control animals. Although IgA was the major immunoglobulin in nasal mucus, there was more antibody activity associated with IgG as measured by radioimmunoassay. Great differences between the specificities of antibodies in nasal mucus and in serum were detected. IgA and IgG of mucus origin recognized only two major proteins with molecular weights of about 41,000 and 46,000 in acid extracts of S. equi and gave no detectable reaction with culture supernatant proteins. Only one protein of about 62,000 molecular weight was recognized in acid extracts of an equine strain of S. zooepidemicus. In contrast, immunoglobulins in serum recognized a great variety of proteins in culture supernatants and acid extracts of S. equi and S. zooepidemicus which did not include those proteins recognized by immunoglobulins in mucus. These findings provide good evidence for the independence of the local and systemic immune responses of the horse to S. equi. Horses rechallenged shortly after recovery from the first infection were resistant to challenge with an inoculum of S. equi 10 times greater than that to which they were originally susceptible. This resistance appeared to be independent of the levels of bactericidal antibody in serum. We therefore suggest that immunity to S. equi infection is mediated by locally produced nasopharyngeal antibodies.
The morphological mix of field galaxies to I=24.25 magnitudes (b=26 magnitudes) from a deep Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 image

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We determine the morphological mix of field galaxies down to $m_{I}\simeq 24.25$ mag ($m_{B}\sim 26.0$ mag) from a single ultradeep HST WFPC2 image in both the $V_{606}$ and $I_{814}$ filters. In total, we find 227 objects with $m_{I}\le 24.5$ mag and classify these into three types: ellipticals (16%), early-type spirals (37%) and late-type spirals/Irregulars (47%). The differential number counts for each type are compared to simple models in a standard flat cosmology. We find that both the elliptical and early-type spiral number counts are well described by {\it little or no}-evolution models, but only when normalized at $b_{J} = 18.0$ mag. Given the uncertainties in the luminosity function (LF) normalization, both populations are consistent with a mild evolutionary scenario based on a normal/low rate of star-formation. This constrains the end of the last {\it major} star-formation epoch in the giant galaxy populations to $z\geq 0.8$. Conversely, the density of the observed late-type/Irregular population is found to be a factor of 10 in excess of the conventional no-evolution model. This large population might be explained by either a modified {\it local} dwarf-rich LF, and/or strong evolution acting on the {\it local} LF. For the dwarf-rich case, a {\it steep} faint-end Schechter-slope ($α\simeq -1.8$) is required plus a five-fold increase in the dwarf normalization. For a purely evolving model based on a {\it flat} Loveday {\it et al.} (1992) LF ($α\simeq -1.0$), a ubiquitous starburst of $ΔI\sim$2.0 mag is needed at z$\simeq 0.5$ for the {\it entire} late-type population. We argue for a combination of these possibilities, and show that for a steep Marzke {\it et al.} (1994) LF ($α\simeq -1.5$), a starburst of $\sim$ 1.3 mag is required
Prayer, civic engagement and culture: A comparative study of Serbia and Malta

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Contemporary open societies are characterised by pluralism, indicating differences in values and practices. Religiosity and civic engagement are intertwined in various ways, with processes changing across the Balkans and Southern Europe. Accordingly, in this study, we present the results of a survey that explores different relationships between (a) socio-demographic variables, (b) types of prayer engaged in by people, and (c) civic engagement in Serbia (the Balkans) and Malta (Southern Europe). Questionnaires with the same content were distributed in Malta (in English) and in Serbia (in Serbian). Our analysis reveals both similarities and differences relating to the following two main patterns: (1) all types of prayer correlated significantly with civic engagement behaviour in both countries; and (2) the frequency of prayer types, and the correlations between specific prayer types and civic engagement behaviour, ranked differently in both countries. Our discussion focuses on the implications of these patterns for open societies and intercultural dialogue.
Isang Mapanuring Paghahambing sa Ingles, Filipino, at Sebwanong Mga Salin ng Orihinal na Espanyol na Lyrics ng Pambansang Awit ng Pilipinas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper is about the translations made from Palma’s poem “Filipinas” that was used as the official lyrics of the Philippine national anthem. Four texts were examined in this paper: 1) the aforementioned Spanish poem “Filipinas,” 2) Osias and Lane’s English translation entitled “Land of the Morning,” 3) de Leon’s Filipino translation entitled “Lupang Hinirang,” and 4) Vestil’s Cebuano translation entitled “Yutang Tabunon.” This paper aimed to establish how near or far these three translations are from the original poem “Filipinas.” This research is based on the theory of translation proposed by Schleiermacher. Using a Likert scale with a score of 1 to 5, the three translations were compared line by line with the original. The comparative study centered on the meaning and set aside the more complex issues on meter, rhythm, and aesthetics. By getting the average scores of each of the translations, this paper was able to establish that the “Land of the Morning” is moderately near/far from the original, that the “Lupang Hinirang” is near the original, and that the “Yutang Tabunon” is far from the original.
Heavy flavor-asymmetric pseudoscalar mesons on the light front

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We extract the leading Fock-state light front wave functions of heavy flavor-asymmetric pseudoscalar mesons D, B, and Bc from their Bethe-Salpeter wave functions, based on the Dyson-Schwinger equations approach. We then study their leading-twist parton distribution amplitudes, generalized parton distribution functions, and transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions. The spatial distributions of the quark and antiquark on the transverse plane are presented, along with their charge and energy distributions on the light front. We find that in the considered mesons, the heavier quarks carry most of the longitudinal momentum fraction, resulting in narrow x distributions, while the lighter quarks play an active role in shaping the transverse distributions in both spatial and momentum space, exhibiting a duality that embodies characteristics of both light mesons and heavy quarkonium. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
雨水利用装置を用いた環境教育用教材の提案

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

It was investigated how the rainwater catchment system could be effective as a teaching material for environmental education. The system consists of a rainwater storage tank, a pressurizing pump, a flow meter and a signboard to explain the system. The operating simulation and the life cycle inventory analysis of the system suggest that the storage tank and the pump have to be selected carefully from the viewpoint of environmental load. For the effective use of the system on environmental education, it is important that we should have periodical lectures on the reduction of environmental load.