jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Robust carbon‐doped black phosphorus multi‐perception memristor for a hazardous information detection system

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The perception of hazardous information is a crucial factor in ensuring safety in production. In recent years, multi‐mode sensing has been proven to be an effective approach for developing efficient perception systems. However, these systems still rely on various combinations of single‐function sensors within traditional von Neumann architecture, which increases the system's overall complexity. In this study, carbon‐doped black phosphorus (C–BP)‐based multi‐perception memristors were successfully developed for hazardous information perception. The C–BP multi‐perception memristor exhibits remarkable stability and high surface activity due to the coupling and synergistic effects of C doping. Its high surface activity enables the reliable perception of hazardous visual (ultraviolet light) and olfactory (ethanol, acetone, and human expirations) information in an open environment. Consequently, a hazardous detection system based on the C–BP multi‐perception memristor was simulated. The results indicate that the developed system outperforms traditional detection systems with an enhanced performance rate (97.6% vs. 90.5%) in perceiving hazardous information. This work may provide new insights into developing enhanced‐performance hazardous information perception systems.
Association between polymorphisms in CHRNA3 and PHACTR2 gene and environment and NSCLC risk in Chinese population.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims. This study aimed to investigate CHRNA3 (rs8040868) and PHACTR2 (rs9390123) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for association with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk in a Chinese population, and whether the environment affects the genetic polymorphisms. Methods. This case and control study included 500 NSCLC patients and 500 age-matched healthy controls. CHRNA3 (rs8040868) and PHACTR2 (rs9390123) SNPs were genotyped and associated for NSCLC risk by computing the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval from multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses with adjustment of age. Results. The minor allele frequency (MAF) of CHRNA3 (rs8040868) and PHACTR2 (rs9390123) was 0.350 (C) and 0.397 (C), respectively. The frequencies of genotype and allele in CHRNA3 (rs8040868) and PHACTR2 (rs9390123) were not significantly different between the cases and controls, or between either of the subgroups. Conclusion. Although rs8040868 and rs9390123 SNPs are not associated with NSCLC risk in Chinese population, the results strongly suggest that geographical agents interact with human genetic polymorphism independent of ethnic background.
Ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway and nuclear factor‐κB activity in skeletal muscle of mildly weight‐losing cancer patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is often associated with a systemic inflammatory response and loss of muscle mass (cancer cachexia). In experimental cachexia increased proteolysis through the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway (UPP) is essential for the loss of muscle mass. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and the transcriptional regulator nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) have been implicated in skeletal muscle UPP activation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the UPP was activated in skeletal muscle of NSCLC patients, and whether systemic inflammation in patients correlated with markers of muscle NF‐κB activity. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected of 12 NSCLC patients (5% weight loss) and 8 control subjects. Chymotrypsin‐ and caspase‐like proteasome activities were not different, whereas atrogin‐1/MAFbx, but not MuRF‐1, mRNA levels were increased in muscle biopsies of NSCLC patients vs. controls. Although muscle IκBα and TNFα mRNA levels were not different between the two groups, strong correlations between IκBα and both, plasma soluble TNF receptor 55 (R=0.74, p=0.01) and C‐reactive protein (R=0.86, p=0.001) were observed in patients only. Taking the very mild weight loss into account, our results suggest that atrogin‐1 may be an early marker of cancer cachexia. In addition, we show evidence for an association between systemic inflammation and muscle NF‐κB activity in NSCLC patients.
SOX9 Is a Progressive Factor in Prostate Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract : The purpose of this proposal is to test the hypothesis that SOX9 contributes to prostate cancer (PCa) progression by supporting the cancer stem cells (CSC). The results have demonstrated that SOX9 is enriched in prostate CSC. SOX9 silencing leads to reduced CSC population. Cells with higher SOX9 activity (as indicated by an activity reporter) have greater tumoreigenecity. Overall, it has been established that SOX9 plays critical role in prostate progression by supporting the CSCs and may serve as a new biomarker and therapeutic target.
Embryo-larvicidal activities of lufenuron on selected lepidopteran pests

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies on the embryo-larvicidal activities of lufenuron on immature stages of the American bollwonn, Helicoverpa annigera (Hubner); potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller); diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.); and the false codling moth, Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) under laboratory conditions were carried out between September 1997 and January 2001. In the embryo-larvicidal (ovo-larvicidal) bioassays, mortality of eggs placed on treated substrates (plant materials leaves, fruits and tubers), was 1.0 6.4 % for American bollwonn eggs, 0.3 5.1 % for potato tuber moth eggs, 2.8 6.9 % for diamondback moth eggs and 4.7 21.1 % for false codling moth eggs. These results show that lufenuron has a low effect on the embryonic stages of the American bollwonn, potato tuber moth, diamondback moth and the false codling moth. Mortality of first instars of the American bollwonn and the potato tuber moth larvae after emergence from the treated substrates was very high (> 90.3 %) but mortality of the first instars of false codling moth larvae was low « 5.0 %). In the diamondback moth, mortality of first instars from the treated cabbage leaf discs was 37.0 80.5 % and 1.8 ­ 4.5 % for eggs that emerged from untreated cabbage leaf discs. In the four insect pests studied, mortality was most common during or after larval moult and nearly all the dead and dying larvae had typical symptoms of acylurea poisoning, such as black shrivelled body, ruptured exoskeleton, leaking haemolymph and failure to shed the old larval skin. VII Emergence of adult c. leucotreta from lufenuron-treated orange fruits was high (75.8 ­ 90.0 %), but the emergence of adult H. armiger~ E. operculella and E. xylostella from the treated plant substrates was very low « 4.3 %). In the residual activity bioassays, lufenuron was highly effective against first and second instar stages of the American bollworm, potato tuber moth and the diamondback moth over the 10-day trial period, but had no significant effect on the larval and post larval stages of the false codling moth. Histological examination of the integument of larval instars that emerged from eggs placed on lufenuron-treated substrates showed a complete distortion or disorganization of the endocuticular layers. This distortion of larval endocuticule and the degeneration of the epidermal layer suggest that larval death during or after moult could have been caused by a defect in the process of cuticle deposition. Findings from this study shows that the topical application of lufenuron prior to egg oviposition would reduce the amount of damage caused by the larval instars of H. armigera, E. operculella and E. xylostella.
Eutrophication effects on greenhouse gas fluxes from shallow‐lake mesocosms override those of climate warming

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Fresh waters make a disproportionately large contribution to greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emissions, with shallow lakes being particular hot spots. Given their global prevalence, how GHG fluxes from shallow lakes are altered by climate change may have profound implications for the global carbon cycle. Empirical evidence for the temperature dependence of the processes controlling GHG production in natural systems is largely based on the correlation between seasonal temperature variation and seasonal change in GHG fluxes. However, ecosystem‐level GHG fluxes could be influenced by factors, which while varying seasonally with temperature are actually either indirectly related (e.g. primary producer biomass) or largely unrelated to temperature, for instance nutrient loading. Here, we present results from the longest running shallow‐lake mesocosm experiment which demonstrate that nutrient concentrations override temperature as a control of both the total and individual GHG flux. Furthermore, testing for temperature treatment effects at low and high nutrient levels separately showed only one, rather weak, positive effect of temperature ( CH 4 flux at high nutrients). In contrast, at low nutrients, the CO 2 efflux was lower in the elevated temperature treatments, with no significant effect on CH 4 or N 2 O fluxes. Further analysis identified possible indirect effects of temperature treatment. For example, at low nutrient levels, increased macrophyte abundance was associated with significantly reduced fluxes of both CH 4 and CO 2 for both total annual flux and monthly observation data. As macrophyte abundance was positively related to temperature treatment, this suggests the possibility of indirect temperature effects, via macrophyte abundance, on CH 4 and CO 2 flux. These findings indicate that fluxes of GHG s from shallow lakes may be controlled more by factors indirectly related to temperature, in this case nutrient concentration and the abundance of primary producers. Thus, at ecosystem scale, response to climate change may not follow predictions based on the temperature dependence of metabolic processes.
Disinfection Procedures in Dental Office: An Overview

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Disinfection & Sterilization if done properly, it can prevent transmission of many diseases among thedoctors, healthcare personnel and patients. The risk of infection is high in the dental office because the oralcavity is rich in aerobic, anaerobic bacterial flora and many viral pathogens. The method of disinfection andsterilization depends on the use of the medical devices: Critical instruments (pierce the tissue) should besterilized, Semi critical instruments (come in contact with the mucosa) should be sterilized & Least criticalinstruments (touch the Surfaces during treatment) & should be disinfected. Cleaning should be done byhigh-level disinfection and sterilization. Current guidelines of disinfection and sterilization must be strictlyfollowed by doctors, healthcare personnel.
Schism, Event, and Revolution

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses historical dynamics in the Russian Eastern Orthodox Church, in particular among the groups known as Old Believers. Seeing itself as the only true continuation of ancient Christianity, Eastern Orthodoxy has been more concerned with continuity and institutional authority than with conversion into the faith, and therefore schism was regarded as a matter of utmost significance. The Great Schism of 1666 split the reforming central religious authorities from the plethora of Old Believers, so-called because they remained faithful to the truth of the old ways. Over later centuries the excommunicated Old Believers would themselves scatter and splinter repeatedly, in each case erecting boundaries around a newly defined (yet seen as ancient) righteous way of life, while also protecting it from the state law and external authority. In this paper I suggest that these schismatic decisions to adopt the stance of messianic "rightness," and the willingness of martyrs to struggle for it, can be related to the moral-social basis of the Russian Revolution, especially if revolution is understood not simply as a political event but also as the forging of new and "true" meaning, accompanied by the rejection of wrongful thinkers.
Contrastive Trajectory Similarity Learning with Dual-Feature Attention

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Trajectory similarity measures act as query predicates in trajectory databases, making them the key player in determining the query results. They also have a heavy impact on the query efficiency. An ideal measure should have the capability to accurately evaluate the similarity between any two trajectories in a very short amount of time. Towards this aim, we propose a contrastive learning-based trajectory modeling method named TrajCL. We present four trajectory augmentation methods and a novel dual-feature self-attention-based trajectory backbone encoder. The resultant model can jointly learn both the spatial and the structural patterns of trajectories. Our model does not involve any recurrent structures and thus has a high efficiency. Besides, our pre-trained backbone encoder can be fine-tuned towards other computationally expensive measures with minimal supervision data. Experimental results show that TrajCL is consistently and significantly more accurate than the state-of-the-art trajectory similarity measures. After fine-tuning, i.e., to serve as an estimator for heuristic measures, TrajCL can even outperform the state-of-the-art supervised method by up to 56% in the accuracy for processing trajectory similarity queries.
Australian Basic Income: Efficiency and Equity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter will begin with a brief history of income maintenance in Australia, concentrating upon the twentieth century before proceeding to compare the current income maintenance system with a basic income. It will then consider the ideological divide between these two forms of income support as it exists in this century. Robb Watts in Chapter 4 analyzes how the various aspect of income policies have evolved over the last hundred years. He pays particular attention to the period since the 1980s.KeywordsSocial SecurityIncome SupportBasic IncomeIncome MaintenanceSocial Security PaymentThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Clinico-Etiological Profile and Predictors of Mortality of Nontraumatic Coma in Children of Upper Egypt: A Prospective Observational Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT. Nontraumatic coma (NTC) is a considerable cause of morbidity and mortality in children. This prospective observational study aimed to determine the clinico-etiological profile of NTC in children and delineate clinical signs predicting mortality in Upper Egypt from June 2019 to May 2020. All children from 1 month of age to 16 years who were admitted with NTC were included in the study. All patients received full histories and physical examinations, including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Routine laboratory investigations including complete blood count, electrolytes, blood sugar, serum creatinine, and liver function tests were performed for all patients. Specific investigations such as metabolic studies, lumbar punctures, brain computed tomography scans, and magnetic resonance imaging were done when indicated. The precise etiology was determined and clinical presentations for survivors and nonsurvivors were compared. Among the 137 cases of NTC identified, central nervous system (CNS) infections were the most common cause leading to 38 cases, followed by toxic causes in 37 cases, status epilepticus in 22 cases, and metabolic causes in 21 cases. Hypothermia, hypotension, abnormal respiratory patterns, muscle hypotonia, absent corneal reflex, presence of shock, and need for mechanical ventilation were significantly correlating with mortality. The estimated mortality rate was 18.2% and all cases with GCS < 5 died. Toxic causes were the most commonly identified etiology in patients who died. In conclusion, the authors identified several etiologies for NTC in Upper Egypt and their corresponding clinical signs at presentation. This information can be used to improve the clinical care provided to children with NTC.
A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscope Study of Leaf Axil Structure in Araucaria cunninghamii

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The cells of active plant meristems are characterised by their small size, thin walls and a full complement of organelles, most noticeably a large nucleus surrounded by densely staining, little-vacuolated cytoplasm. The axillary meristems of Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don (hoop pine) possess a similar ultrastructure, even though they quickly assume a near complete, potentially permanent quiescence following their detachment from the flanks of the actively dividing apical meristem. However, they differ from metabolically active cells in that those organelles and structures associated with cytokinesis and cell wall formation are either absent (microtubules) or infrequent and in an apparently inactive state (smooth endoplasmic reticulum, non-vesiculating dictyosomes, nuclei with a low heterochromatin to euchromatin ratio). In addition, storage products (starch, lipid globules), usually not present in metabolically active cells, are well developed. In addition to not developing a bud-like organisation, the meristems are also unlike typical axillary buds in that they have no vascular or provascular connections with the axial vascular tissues and are bounded adaxially by a group of thick-walled cells. While these cells constitute a physical barrier around the axillary meristems, they are nucleated and possess numerous simple pits that have a high plasmodesmatal frequency. Thus it appears that the meristems are not physiologically isolated, but are in cytoplasmic continuity with the remainder of the plant.
Modelling the impact of audit/remuneration committee overlap on debtholders' perceptions of accounting information quality: The role of CEO power

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study examines how debtholders perceive accounting information quality of firms with audit committee members who are also on the remuneration committee, and whether strong CEO power enhances or undermines the governance role of overlapping committees. Using 841 observations of Malaysian firms over the period 2013–2015, we find that firms with overlapping audit and remuneration committees are perceived by debtholders to be transparent and of lower operating risk and, consequently, be associated with lower cost of debt. We also find that the beneficial effect of the presence of overlapping committees is weakened by the level of CEO power. Our results are robust to concerns of endogeneity and alternative measurers of the key variables. This study is timely in light of recently increasing call for the broadening of audit committee members' understanding of business strategies, risks and incentives provided by firms' executive compensation structures. Our study also contributes to the ongoing debate surrounding CEO power by suggesting that debtholders perceive potent CEO power as detrimental to their investments and thus charge higher interest rates from firms with powerful CEOs and overlapping directors.
Effects of health training in knowledge and surgical wound management

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The surgery in Indonesia ranks 11th out of 50 treatments for disease patterns in hospitals in Indonesia, which is an estimated 32% of them were laparotomy. The number of abdominal surgical cases in Lampung Province in 2017 was (28.95%) and increased in 2018 by (32.45%).Purpose: Know the effect of health training in knowledge and surgical wound management.Methods: This type of study was quantitative, with the Pre-Experiment design and the design one group pre test - post test. The populations were all of postoperative patients and samples of 34 people with a total sampling technique. Data collection uses questionnaire sheets and the statistical test used dependent t-test.Results: The average knowledge about postoperative wound care before being given health training of 14.18 and a standard deviation of 1.749. The average knowledge about postoperative wound care after being given health training of 17.06 and a standard deviation of 3.142, with p-value = (0,000 <0,05).Conclusion: There was the effect of health training in knowledge and surgical wound management. Health workers are expected to be able to apply the provision of health training to postoperative patients to improve patient knowledge in subsequent care and be used as a reference for making policies regarding the provision of health training to postoperative patients.
Predictors of Student Success in an Upper Division Agriculture Chemistry Class

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To attempt to find what made students successful within a higher division class at Missouri State University’s (MSU) Darr College of Agriculture, de-identified academic records of 172 students enrolled in AGR 300 - Food and Agriculture Chemistry were studied over four semesters. Deidentified data were collected and compared to final letter grade received at the end of the class using correlation coefficients, analysis of variance, and stepwise regression. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the influence of semester on letter grade. Correlation coefficients were used to determine and evaluate relationships between the variables and final grade. Stepwise regression was then used to model the factors most important to predicting student success. Deidentified predictors looked at included: ACT composite score, ACT math score, incoming GPA, number of hours taken at MSU, hours taken outside of MSU, number of previously taken math classes, number of previously taken science classes, gender, and age. Significant predictors, at the 0.05 level, included incoming GPA (P
Forward-Looking Disclosures, Financial Verifiability and Analysts' Forecasts: A Study of Cross-Listed European Firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Forward-looking disclosures are a crucial source of information when valuing a company. We study the effect of forward-looking disclosures on analysts’ forecast properties, in particular accuracy and dispersion. Our sample includes all the non-financial firms from Italy, Germany, France and Switzerland that in year 2002 were cross-listed on local stock exchanges and on the New York Stock Exchange. We conduct a content analysis on the Annual Report and the 20F form of these companies for the years 2002, 2003 and 2004. We differentiate between forwardlooking information on the basis of the disclosure of expected effects on future financial performance and the disclosure of a measure of this impact. We define forward-looking information disclosed with the characteristics of being quantified and directed (and financial) as financially verifiable as it facilitates the comparison with its subsequent realisation in relation to expected future financial performance. Our analysis finds support for the theoretical prediction that verifiable disclosures are more effective than unverifiable disclosures at improving accuracy and reducing dispersion of analysts’ forecasts. Our sample also allows us to explore the effects of the difference between the degrees of verifiability between forward-looking disclosures of the 20F form versus those of the domestic annual report. Our analysis provides empirical support for the hypotheses that these differences are significant and have a significant effect on forecast properties.