jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Information Efficiency Comparison Between Shanghai and Hongkong Stock Markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This thesis starts with the introduction of Shanghai stock market, Hong Kong stock market and efficient market hypothesis. It then tries to compare the information efficiency between Shanghai and Hong Kong stock markets with 2002-2007 Shanghai Composite Index and Hong Seng Index trading data. The model used is a modified GARCH(1,1) model and the data is processed with Excel and the model is run with Stata.\n\nThe empirical result of the daily trading data shows that the information spread process did not have a significant effect on either Shanghai stock market or Hong Kong stock market. However, the daily trading data of Shanghai Composite Index show sign of the day-of-the-week effect and seasonality effect, though not significant at the 5% level. These effects are not excluded from our data and could potentially bias our empirical result. The empirical result of the weekly trading data doesn’t show significant effect on Hong Kong or Shanghai stock market either. The effect increases greatly however for Shanghai stock market and is significant at 10% level.\n\nOur empirical result shows that the Shanghai stock market has improved in terms of information efficiency, which is contrary to the result of Liu and Morimune (2005) and other previous studies of Shanghai stock market. It could be supported by the following facts:\n\n—The market has expanded a lot over the years and especially recent years.\n—The launch of reform of non-tradable shares.\n—The rapid development of institutional investors.\n—The convergence of annual turnover rate to that of major stock markets.\n\nAlthough our result shows that the information efficiency of Shanghai stock market has improved a lot, it still indicates that compared to developed stock markets like Hong Kong stock market, it is still less efficient given the information spread process effect significant at the 10% level.\n\nHowever, the paper might suffer from several deficiencies. The daily data regression is influenced by the day-of-the-week effect and seasonality effect to some degree.The fitness of the model for the problem we are discussing has not been proved. And also, our sample data includes a period of abnormal prosperity in Chinese stock market, which might bias our final result.
Screening and confirmation of suspected benzodiazepine abuse: TLC and HPLC analysis in urine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Benzodiazepines are currently among the most frequently prescribed CNS drugs. They effect their anxiolytic-hypnotic activity by allosterically increasing the inhibitory activity of GABAergic transmission in the brain. Due to this indirect mechanism of action, benzodiazepines are generally considered safe with respect to suicidal attempts. So, they are routinely administered in polypharmacy to many psychiatric patients, in order to alleviate anxiety and sleep disturbances related to their main condition. Moreover, they are widely used as a treatment for generalized anxiety and panic disorder, insomnia, some forms of epilepsy and alcohol withdrawal [1]. Unfortunately, benzodiazepines also have a high potential for abuse: abrupt therapy interruption can cause a withdrawal syndrome and benzodiazepine addiction is relatively common among "poly-drug users" [2]. \nTwo assays are presented for benzodiazepine abuse testing; the screening method is based on thin-layer chromatography, while confirmation uses HPLC. After hydrolysis of the glucuronides, most benzodiazepines can be easily detected in urine by TLC on silica plates. Semi-quantitative results can be obtained, with some discrimination among different kinds of benzodiazepines. \nThe HPLC method is based on the use of a C8 column and an acetonitrile-phosphate buffer mixture as the mobile phase. Most commonly prescribed (and abused) benzodiazepines can be quantitatively analyzed with this method after urine sample pre-treatment by hydrolysis and solid-phase extraction (SPE). Good extraction yields (> 90%) and precision values (RSD < 6.7%) were obtained for all drugs considered. \nBoth tests have been applied to cases of suspect illicit benzodiazepine intake and allowed to confirm the abuse. \nAssays are in progress in order to extend the method applicability to other benzodiazepines.
Notes on the ecology of Phyllodactylus reissi (Phyllodactylidae: Sauria) in Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape (Tumbes, Peru)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Some basics aspects on the ecology of the nocturnal gecko Phyllodactylus reissi from Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape (Tumbes, Peru) are described. This species used rock boulders (57,4%) and trees (31,9%) as microhabitats primarily, exhibiting a nocturnal activity pattern, with a peak between 2100-2200 hours, remaining active until midnight. Body temperature (mean 24,4 ºC) was correlated with both air and substrate temperature, with the last variable affecting in higher degree (47%) the body temperature of this species. The slightly high body temperature of Phyllodactylus reissi, compared to other Phyllodactylus geckos, could be related to nocturnal microhabitat use and diurnal retreat site selection. More studies on lizard ecology from this endangered ecosystem are needed.
Tripartite plant microbe and nutrients interaction in the below ground soil ecosystems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plants are the sole producers that support all the trophic levels and sustain life on earth. In their growth and development, plants interact with both biotic and abiotic factors. The major biotic factors are the below ground microbes though there also above grown microbes and other herbivores. The abiotic factors are mainly the soil nutrients, soil temperature, moisture and light intensity. This paper therefore aimed at reviewing the various interactions within the soil rhizosphere especially between the plant roots interaction with soil microbes and how they are affected by the soil nutrient availability. The review focussed on identifying the major soil microbes in the soil rhizosphere, interaction of the plant roots with these microbes and how the interactions bring about nutrient cycling as well as dynamics in the trophic levels. From the review it came out clearly that plants interact with both pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes resulting to varied results. Symbiotic relationship among plant roots and nitrogen fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi results in improved plant growth and yields while interaction with pathogenic soil microbes resulted in disease development and reduced yield. Plants react to soil microbes by producing defensive secondary metabolites like phenolics. From the interaction some of the pathogenic microbes have developed mechanisms of evading the effects of plant defensive compounds by modifying them into forms that are less toxic. The review also shows that plant microbe interaction affects nutrient cycling and is also affected by the nutrients availability. The tripartite interaction of soil microbes, soil abiotic factors and plant root affects the general trophic levels in almost the entire ecosystems.
Nasal Colonization of Serine Protease esp-Positive Staphylococcus epidermidis Affecting Staphylococcus aureus Colonization

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a common colonizer of the nasal vestibule and is found in approximately 20%–30% of healthy adults, while Staphylococcus epidermidis appears to be the most frequent colonizer in all regions of the upper respiratory tract. Esp, a serine protease of S. epidermidis, was reported to inhibit S. aureus colonization. This study was performed to examine the nasal colonization of S. aureus and S. epidermidis and the presence of esp determinants. Methods: Nasal swab specimens from 54 patients were cultured on blood agar plates (BAP) and selective media for S. aureus (S. aureus ID, bioMerieux, France) for the isolation of S. aureus and S. epidermidis. After 48 hours of incubation of with BAP, three or four colonies suspected of being coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were identified by MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker, Germany). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for esp was performed on all CNS isolates identified as S. epidermidis. Results: Forty-three S. epidermidis strains were isolated from 18 (33.3%) of the 54 patients. Nine (50.0%) of the 18 patients carried S. aureus, while the other nine did not. Of the 36 S. epidermidis non-carriers, 13 (36.1%) were colonized by S. aureus. All S. epidermidis strains were confirmed by PCR to have esp determinants. Conclusion: S. epidermidis colonization did not affect S. aureus colonization in the nasal cavity. All S. epidermidis strains harbored the esp gene. We could not find any differences in the nasal colonization rates of S. aureus according to the presence of esp-positive S. epidermidis. Further research on the characterization of S. epidermidis in Korea is needed to understand the association between S. epidermidis and S. aureus colonization.
Proving algorithmic discrimination in government decision-making

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Public bodies in the United Kingdom are increasingly using algorithms and big data to make decisions. While there is growing awareness of the risks of algorithmic discrimination, it can be very difficult to establish that a specific algorithm is in fact discriminatory. This raises the question of how courts should allocate the burden of testing and proving whether a government algorithm is discriminatory, as between the government and the person affected. In R (Bridges) v South Wales Police [2020] EWCA Civ 1058, the England and Wales Court of Appeal found that public bodies must take positive steps to identify and address risks of algorithmic discrimination. This note explores the decision in Bridges and its implications for algorithmic decision-making in government. It suggests that Bridges, alongside recent decisions in Canada and the Netherlands, forms part of a broader trend: the courts are placing the burden of testing and reviewing potentially discriminatory algorithms on government, rather than the general public.
Analysis Of The Normative Requirements For Ensuring The Safety Of Powder Coating Booths In Terms Of The Risk Of Explosion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract During the process of electrostatic powder coating in coating booths, there is a probability of the risk of explosion. Compliance with the normative requirements referred to in the legislation in force minimize the hazards associated with the risk of explosion. This article focuses on the analysis of the current security level of coating booths in terms of the risk of explosion in relation to the lower explosive limit of the selected powder paints.
[Correction of a connective tissue dysplasia in the treatment of postoperative abdominal hernias].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There were analyzed the results of treatment of 112 patients, suffering postoperative abdominal hernia, in whom the anterior abdominal wall alloplasty was performed as well as postoperative pathogenetically substantiated complex therapy, taking into account the presence of a connective tissue dysplasia syndrome (CTDS) and the early and late postoperative complications prophylaxis. The peculiarities of postoperative period course and late follow-up results were studied up. Phenotypic features of CTDS were revealed in 53 (47.3%) patients, immunohistochemical features of a connective tissue dysplasia (a failed collagen type I and III ratio, manifested by increase of a collagen type III fibers quantity in 3 or more times) were revealed in 78 (69.6%) patients, in whom the processes of a collagen and its supermolecular formations synthesis were stimulated, using a magnesium orotate (Magnerot), which was prescribed in 1 g dose twice a day during 4 - 6 weeks. Application of composite nets, owing big pores, in a complex with a postoperative pathogenetically substantiated therapy conduction have positively influenced the disease course and the late follow-up results achieved.
Characterization of p38α autophosphorylation inhibitors that target the non-canonical activation pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

p38α is a versatile protein kinase that can control numerous processes and plays important roles in the cellular responses to stress. Dysregulation of p38α signaling has been linked to several diseases including inflammation, immune disorders and cancer, suggesting that targeting p38α could be therapeutically beneficial. Over the last two decades, numerous p38α inhibitors have been developed, which showed promising effects in pre-clinical studies but results from clinical trials have been disappointing, fueling the interest in the generation of alternative mechanisms of p38α modulation. Here, we report the in silico identification of compounds that we refer to as non-canonical p38α inhibitors (NC-p38i). By combining biochemical and structural analyses, we show that NC-p38i efficiently inhibit p38α autophosphorylation but weakly affect the activity of the canonical pathway. Our results demonstrate how the structural plasticity of p38α can be leveraged to develop therapeutic opportunities targeting a subset of the functions regulated by this pathway.
"Rough Justice:" Punitive expeditions in Oceania

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This essay introduces the special issue by setting the concept and specific practice of the "punitive expedition" in Oceania in historical, linguistic and etymological contexts. In the process, we seek to classify punitive expeditions as a historically particular category of event in one global zone, with identifiable qualities, precursors and recursions. A brief consideration of sixteenth-century Spanish violence against Pacific Islanders suggests a differentiation of fleeting retaliatory shore raids from antecedent, but generically colonial punitive expeditions. This deep background, an overview of the colonial encompassment of Oceania, and consideration of the varieties of punitive violence deployed in colonially fragmented New Guinea, set the scene historically for the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century focus of the essays in the collection.
School admissions in England: The rules schools choose on which pupils to admit

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most secondary schools in England are able to design the rules for which pupils have priority when the school is over-subscribed. This could be positive or negative for inclusivity, depending on schools’ choices. In this context, we study the detailed rules for each secondary school in England. Our main findings are that, first, geography (still) determines admission to most over-subscribed schools. This matters for social mobility, as some households are priced out of high performing schools due to higher property prices around the school.Second, despite explicit financial incentives, only a small minority of schools give priority to pupils eligible for the Pupil Premium, and this priority is meaningful only in a few dozen schools. Third, the few schools with ‘innovative’ admissions arrangements could inspire otherschools to implement feasible ‘tried and tested’ reforms. Free schools appear to be leading these ‘innovative’ admissions arrangements. Finally, in the complex system of multiple school types and diverse admissions arrangements, parents in some areas lack the required information to make informed school choices.
Integrated forms of the education intended for preschool children with disorders of carpal functions in the correction of their practical activity

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The article considers and analyses the most effective integrated forms of labour and physical education of preschool children with disorders of carpal functions in the context of the formation and correction of their subject-practical activities. The main carpal functions include the ones which enable: support, spring resistance, pushing, stepping, balancing, gripping, height perception, two-handed coordination, manipulation, instrument-targeting, etc. Occupational education (occupational therapy) involves the use of tools for the development, restoration or correction of impaired wrist functions. Based on the analysis of available information on the problem of labour therapy, as well as our own long-term practical developments, the main forms of correction of pre-schoolers’ impaired carpal functions through labour combined with the possibilities of correctional physical education in preschool educational establishments. These included: individual physical exercises (with the elements of labour therapy), physical education classes with the elements of labour therapy, exercise classes with the elements of labour therapy, individual correction of physical development of the child by means of labour therapy, free activity in the form of independent instrumental activities, walks with the elements of labour therapy, home labour therapy. The perspective of research in this area is in the development of the relationship between children’s physical and labour education in the context of the correction of their carpal subject-practical activities.
The role and the impact of interdisciplinarity on the relational models of intervention in the doctor-patient communication

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This paper aims to evaluate the role and the impact of Interdisciplinarity on the relational models of intervention in the doctor-patient communication. Working Alliance may be one of the main models for the improvement of the relationship between the dyad, analysing the degree of the patient involvement in treatment and his alignment to the purposes of therapy itself. However, to tap into this construct, the performed kind of operation is similar to a specific form of Interdisciplinarity, Theoretical Interdisciplinarity . Theoretical ID begins from an exploration based on the practice , which respects an otherness not only physical (the doctor-patient relationship ), but above all, conceptual (the doctor-patient system ).
Visual feature processing in a large stroke cohort: evidence against modular organization

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mid-level visual processing represents a crucial stage between basic sensory input and higher-level object recognition. The conventional model posits that fundamental visual qualities, such as colour and motion, are processed in specialized, retinotopic brain regions (e.g. V4 for colour, MT/V5 for motion). Using atlas-based lesion–symptom mapping and disconnectome maps in a cohort of 307 ischaemic stroke patients, we examined the neuroanatomical correlates underlying the processing of eight mid-level visual qualities. Contrary to the predictions of the standard model, our results did not reveal consistent relationships between processing impairments and damage to traditionally associated brain regions. Although we validated our methodology by confirming the established relationship between visual field defects and damage to primary visual areas (V1, V2 and V3), we found no reliable evidence linking processing deficits to specific regions in the posterior brain. These findings challenge the traditional modular view of visual processing and suggest that mid-level visual processing might be more distributed across neural networks than previously thought. This supports alternative models where visual maps represent constellations of co-occurring information rather than specific qualities.
Pendidikan Moral Sebagai Wadah Pembentuk Calon Pendidik Yang Berkarakter

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Moral education is a learning that aims to form a person who understands morals, the main focus is the smart young generation from elementary to university level. The character or personality of a teacher not only determines his authority in front of students, but also in front of the community. The personality characteristics of a good teacher are very important for smart teachers so that they can control and control the behavior of their students through habituation patterns. It is a big mistake if a teacher only teaches memorization and memory material to students without paying attention to aspects of attitudes and social skills. Habituation of good attitudes and provision of social skills are very important to build student character.
Dynamics of controlled release of potassium nitrate from a highly swelling binary polymeric blend of alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Highly water absorbing and homogeneous binary biopolymeric blends in bead form were prepared of calcium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose by solution cast method. The prepared blends were evaluated for controlled delivery of KNO 3 taking it as a model agrochemical. The beads characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the molecular structure and morphology of beads. The swelling experiments were performed for different compositions of beads and at varying pH and temperature of the aqueous media. The release experiments were performed under static and varying experimental conditions and the release data obtained were conductometrically fitted to Ficks equation to evaluate diffusion coefficients of released KNO 3 . The release results were further analyzed by Ficks power law equation, and the possible mechanisms of KNO 3 release were explored at different experimental conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
The Contribution of Credit and Saving Institutions in Alleviating Urban Poverty: the Case Of Addis Credit and Saving Institution in Yeka Sub City

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the contribution of AdCSI"s, in poverty alleviation in Yeka sub city. Before and after intervention comparison was incorporated to evaluate the poverty alleviation through microcredit by using some indicators. Parameters such as monthly income, monthly saving, economic status, impact on the empowerment of women, and targeting the real poor have been thoroughly assessed. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative methods to obtain a reliable data. Data were derived from a questionnaire survey of a sample of 98 clients of AdCSI"s in Yeka sub city. In addition, interviews were carried out with 13 clients. The study indicated that the income and saving levels of the majority of the clients have increased after joining AdCSI"s. Encouraging results have also been shown in the enhancement of the women"s decision making with respect to the capability to work on their own and improve their lives. The result also implies that AdCSI"S in Yeka sub city"s targeting the poor has been properly achieved Key words: microfinance, poverty, poverty alleviation, AdCSI