jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Differential Diagnosis between Ulcerative Colitis and Clostridium Difficile-Associated Disease in a Patient with Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: to demonstrate the clinical picture and the tactics of differential diagnosis between ulcerative colitis and Clostridium difficile -associated disease in a patient with APS-1, as well as to describe the tactics of managing such patients. Key findings. A 25-year-old patient with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1) complained of loose stools up to 10 times a day with blood admixture, rapidly growing weakness and a weight loss of 5 kg per week. When examined on the day of admission, surgical pathology was excluded. Further differential diagnostics between Clostridium difficile -associated disease and ulcerative colitis was carried out, with the possibility of combining these diseases being not excluded. The examination confirmed Clostridium difficile -associated disease, while the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis needed further verification. APS-1 is often combined with other diseases and is likely to be pathogenetically related with them; however, the mechanisms of such interrelations still remain unknown. Previous research has reported the relationship between APS-1 and clostridial infection. The combination of ulcerative colitis with APS-1 has not thus far been described. Conclusion. A specific feature of the described clinical case consists in the development of severe Clostridium difficile -associated disease against the background of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1. The management of patients with APS-1 should take into account the possibility of developing a clostridial infection, since these diseases can co-occur. When treating a patient with APS-1 in non-endocrine hospital units, consultation with an endocrinologist is necessary.
Dual Low-Rank Graph Autoencoder for Semantic and Topological Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the powerful capability to gather the information of neighborhood nodes, Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) has become a widely explored hotspot in recent years. As a well-established extension, Graph AutoEncoder (GAE) succeeds in mining underlying node representations via evaluating the quality of adjacency matrix reconstruction from learned features. However, limited works on GAE were devoted to leveraging both semantic and topological graphs, and they only indirectly extracted the relationships between graphs via weights shared by features. To better capture the connections between nodes from these two types of graphs, this paper proposes a graph neural network dubbed Dual Low-Rank Graph AutoEncoder (DLR-GAE), which takes both semantic and topological homophily into consideration. Differing from prior works that share common weights between GCNs, the presented DLR-GAE conducts sustained exploration of low-rank information between two distinct graphs, and reconstructs adjacency matrices from learned latent factors and embeddings. In order to obtain valid adjacency matrices that meet certain conditions, we design some surrogates and projections to restrict the learned factor matrix. We compare the proposed model with state-of-the-art methods on several datasets, which demonstrates the superior accuracy of DLR-GAE in semi-supervised classification.
I cavalli vincenti del gambling: uno studio esplorativo su motivi e credenze dei giocatori

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study aims at investigating recreational gamblers' behaviour focusing on their attitudes, motivations and beliefs. The approach to gambling and the way in which people develop a gambling behaviour are influenced by social and cultural factors. Therefore, three focus groups were conducted with eighteen gamblers who lived in a specific sociocultural context and played different forms of gambling. All forms of legal gambling are analyzed in order to take into account elements of differentiation eventually related to the intrinsic characteristics of each game. Results provide new insights on the topic. First, gamblers bet (all or part of) the money they won because, being unexpected, it is perceived as a surplus. Second, people gamble to get rid of coins received as change. The humble value they represent and the bother of keeping them in a bulky pocket are sufficient motives to gamble them. Third, gamblers have a negative attitude towards gambling and a stereotyped image of the different forms of gambling, coming from long time suggestions in gambling places. Implication for social marketing policy are discussed with suggestions for future research.
Review of Exploration and Development in North and South Dakota; 1963 and First Half of 1964: ABSTRACT

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Development and exploration in North Dakota during 1963 was down from 1962. Exploration activity increased during late 1963. The area which received the most attention was the north-central portion of the state where the pools are chiefly found in stratigraphic traps. There were 183 wells completed in North Dakota during 1963 and of these, 73 were wildcats. There were 9 discoveries for a wildcat success of 12.3%. Field and outpost wells numbered 110 with 76 producers. Perhaps the most significant discovery of 1963 was the Ordovician Red River production found in the Fryburg-Scoria field of Billings County. The other wildcat discoveries were found in the north-central part of the state. There were 12 wildcats drilled in western South Dakota during 1963 with no discoveries. A total of five new producers were drilled in the known fields of Custer and Harding Counties. The highlight of activity in the state during 1963 was a widespread lease play. A considerable increase in exploration activity has taken place in North Dakota during the first six months of 1964. The leading county in number of discoveries is Renville where four wildcats have been found productive. The most significant discovery has been the Mouse River Park field. Drilling in South Dakota during the early part of 1964 has been confined to the western part of the state with most of the activity centered in Custer and Harding Counties. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1882------------
Action at the exhibit face: video and the analysis of social interaction in museums and galleries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Whilst we can observe a considerable increase in importance of arts and museum marketing, research of people’s engagement with art in exhibitions is relatively rare. This neglect of people’s action and interaction in exhibitions is somewhat surprising considering that it is in exhibitions where museums are in direct contact with their audience. This article begins with a review of the emergence of video-based research in the social sciences before turning to the use of video for the study of visitor behaviour in exhibitions. It contributes to recent debates on experiential and sensory marketing by examining three video-recorded fragments of interactions at exhibits in museums. The analysis of the fragments suggests that people’s experience of exhibits arises in social interaction with others. The article ends with a discussion of the theoretical and methodological contribution of video-based research in museums and of implications of such research for those involved in the management and design of museums and other experiential environments.
Review Article: A Medium-Term Rat Liver Bioassay as a Rapid In Vivo Test for Carcinogenic Potential: A Historical Review of Model Development and Summary of Results from 291 Tests

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A bioassay system for rapid detection of carcinogenic agents has been developed using male Fischer 344 rats to bridge the gap between long-term carcinogenicity tests and short-term screening assays. The system, called the medium-term liver bioassay, is fundamentally based on the 2-stage hypothesis of tumor production, employing initiation by diethylnitrosamine (200 mg/kg, ip) in the first stage and test chemical administration during the second, in combination with two-thirds partial hepatectomy. It requires only 8 wk for animal experimentation and a further few weeks for quantitative analysis of immunohistochemically demonstrated glutathione S-transferase placental form positive hepatic foci. A total of 291 chemicals/substances have already been analyzed in our laboratory. Among 63 chemicals that were proved to be carcinogenic in the liver of rat and/or mouse, 57 (90%) gave positive results irrespective of their mutagenicity. Negative compounds include peroxisome proliferators and tamoxifen. Even nonhepatocarcinogens were positive at a rate of 24%. Eighty-six percent (12/14) of mouse liver carcinogens were also positive. On the other hand, only 2 out of 45 noncarcinogens showed very weak positivity. Thus, the efficacy of the system for hepatocarcinogens has been well established. This bioassay is increasingly regarded as an appropriate alternative test for carcinogenicity risk assessment and is practically used for a rapid evaluation of hepatocarcinogenicity of chemicals.
Range expansion and noteworthy records of Costa Rican birds (Aves)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We present new distribution information for 19 species of Costa Rican birds. Thirteen species show changes in altitudinal distribution, 9 are recorded at higher elevations such as &lt;em&gt;Egretta rufescens&lt;/em&gt; (Gmelin, 1789), &lt;em&gt;Heliomaster constantii&lt;/em&gt; (Delattre, 1843), &lt;em&gt;Myiozetetes cayanensis&lt;/em&gt; (Linnaeus, 1766), and &lt;em&gt;Lonchura malacca&lt;/em&gt; (Linnaeus, 1766), and 4 are recorded at lower elevations, &lt;em&gt;Panterpe insignis&lt;/em&gt; Cabanis &amp; Heine, 1860, &lt;em&gt;Empidonax albigularis&lt;/em&gt; Sclater &amp; Salvin, 1859, &lt;em&gt;Sayornis nigricans&lt;/em&gt; (Swainson, 1827), and &lt;em&gt;Dacnis venusta&lt;/em&gt; (Lawrence, 1862). We recorded 2 forest understory species, &lt;em&gt;Geotrygon montana&lt;/em&gt; (Linnaeus, 1758), and &lt;em&gt;Grallaria guatimalensis&lt;/em&gt; Pr&eacute;vost &amp; Des Murs, 1842, inside the area of the county with the most urban development. Finally, &lt;em&gt;Saltator grossus&lt;/em&gt; (Linnaeus, 1766), which was restricted to Caribbean forest, was recorded at the South Pacific rainforest for the first time.
THE DISPROPORTION OF ALLOCATION UNDER THE GIVEN BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

There are several well known measures of the inequality of distribution of goods and burdens. One of them is for example the Gini coefficient. Applicability of such measures is limited when the use of disproportionate allocation was intended. This is the case in the allocation of seats in the European Parliament. The Treaty of Lisbon provides that the distribution is done according to degressive proportionality with the specified minimum and maximum number of seats allocated to the smallest and largest Member State. These two conditions called boundary conditions at the outset determine the deviation from the proportional division. Therefore, there arises a problem of determining the measure of the disproportion of allocation under the given boundary conditions. This article comprises the proposals for such measures and their application for the analysis of the distribution of seats in the European Parliament.
Physiological determinant of yo-yo intermittent recovery test in young basketball players

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1Scuola Regionale dello Sport delle Marche, Italian Olympic Commitee (CONI), Ancona, Italy; 2School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; 3Human Performance Lab, S.S. MAPEI, Castellanza, Varese, Italy. 4Stamura Basket, Ancona, Italy. CORSO DI LAUREA IN SCIENZE MOTORIE FACOLTA’ DI MEDICINA E CHIRURGIA Universita’ di Tor Vergata – Roma
Protective Potential of Apigenin against Lead Acetate Induced Alterations in Cerebellum of Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal that represents an environmental toxicant causing serious health problem. Apigenin (APG) is a plant derived flavonoid with several therapeutic activities. So, the aim of the present study was to determine the protective effect of APG against Pb induced toxicity in cerebella of treated rats. Methods: Twenty-four adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used in the present study. They were divided into four groups of six animals per each one as follows: Group I: Rats were daily injected (i.p.) with normal saline as vehicle. Group II: Rats were daily injected (i.p) with lead acetate at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. Group III: Rats were daily injected (i.p) with lead acetate at a dose of 20 mg/kg (b.w.) followed by injection (i.p) with APG at dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. Group IV: Rats were daily injected (i.p) with APG at dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. At the end of the four-weeks experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and samples of blood and cerebellar tissue were collected. Result: Lead induced oxidative stress, alterations in levels of studied neurotransmitters, increase in the activities of acetylcholinesterase and increase in the level of the Il-6 and TNF-α and decrease in Il-4 and Il-10 and histological alterations in cerebellum. On the other hand, treatment with APG attenuates these alterations. suggesting that APG might play a neuroprotective role in lead induced neurotoxicity.
Sleep duration is associated with white matter microstructure and cognitive performance in healthy adults

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Reduced sleep duration and sleep deprivation have been associated with cognitive impairment as well as decreased white matter integrity as reported by experimental studies. However, it is largely unknown whether differences in sleep duration and sleep quality might affect microstructural white matter and cognition. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the cross‐sectional relationship between sleep duration, sleep quality, and cognitive performance in a naturalistic study design, by focusing on the association with white matter integrity in a large sample of healthy, young adults. To address this, 1,065 participants, taken from the publicly available sample of the Human Connectome Project, underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Moreover, broad cognitive performance measures (NIH Cognition Toolbox) and sleep duration and quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were assessed. The results revealed a significant positive association between sleep duration and overall cognitive performance. Shorter sleep duration significantly correlated with fractional anisotropy (FA) reductions in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). In turn, FA in this tract was related to measures of cognitive performance and was shown to significantly mediate the association of sleep duration and cognition. For cognition only, associations shift to a negative association of sleep duration and cognition for participants sleeping more than 8 hr a day. Investigations into subjective sleep quality showed no such associations. The present study showed that real‐world differences in sleep duration, but not subjective sleep quality are related to cognitive performance measures and white matter integrity in the SLF in healthy, young adults.
Prospective history teachers ’ perceptions of the history syllabus of senior high schools in Ghana

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Syllabus development and implementation have pre-occupied the minds of educationists since the global evolution of modern educational systems because it provides the basis for the content of the lessons, the balance of skills taught and the kinds of behavioural outcomes students are supposed to exhibit at the end of a particular course. The search for a defined perception of teachers in the successful implementation of history syllabus has been a central theme of research effort over the past several decades. This study, employing a phenomenological research strategy, is aimed at evaluating the perception of prospective history teachers of the History Syllabus in the Cape Coast Metropolis. The prospective history teacher population was made up of final year students from the University of Cape Coast in the Central Region and the study made use of the total number of that particular year group. The participants were engaged in focus group discussions. During the deliberations, the researcher took notes, and tape recorded the information which was later transcribed for discussion. From the findings, it is fair to say that the syllabus is a “balanced and progressive document” which allows students to develop equally both their expressive and receptive capabilities. The research also revealed that in the construction and reconstruction of a future history syllabus, the time available for the execution of the topics must be considered. This will ensure that teachers would be able to use the appropriate and recommended methods of teaching the subject because participants recognised that most history teachers do not use the right methods in teaching as a result of their attempt to finish topics in the syllabus.
Quantitation of Epidermal Growth Factor in the Rat

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was purified from the rat submandibular gland to establish a radioimmunoassay. Detectable amounts of EGF were found in the rat duodenum (medium, 0.55 pmol/duodenum; range, 0.38-0.68 pmol/duodenum; no. = 10) and duodenal juice (median, 215 pmol/l; range, 95-468 pmol/l; no. = 10), whereas no EGF was detected in the jejunal extracts. Submandibular and duodenal EGF each consisted of two isopeptides (pI 4.8, 5.4, and 5.5, 6.0 respectively). The peptides behaved alike both with regard to immunoreactivity (radioimmunoassay) and receptor binding (radioreceptor assay). The present data combined with previous results suggest a role for EGF in the gastrointestinal tract.
New data on the Afrotropical Xantholinini. 1. New species from South Africa in the Janak collection (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) 285° contribution to the knowledge of the Staphylinidae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bordoni, Arnaldo (2017): New data on the Afrotropical Xantholinini. 1. New species from South Africa in the Janak collection (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) 285° contribution to the knowledge of the Staphylinidae. Linzer biologische Beiträge 49 (2): 1233-1243, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5410536
Does generalised articular hypermobility predispose to generalised osteoarthritis?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Three elderly female patients are reported who had constitutional hypermobility with associated osteoarthritis; none had extensive involvement of either their inter-phalangeal joints or hips. The findings in these cases suggest that osteoarthritis occurring in hypermobile subjects has a restricted rather than a generalised distribution. Osteoarthritis seen in the elderly may be the result of differing mechanisms at different anatomical sites, and articular hypermobility may be a predisposing factor in only a limited number of joints.
THE USE OF IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY MEASUREMENTS IN EVALUATION OF CADMIUM AND SELENIUM RELATIONSHIPS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of selenium pretreatment on cadmium cytotoxicity in V 79 cell line. Neutral red (NR) uptake assay (Borenfreund and Puerner, 1985) [3] Borenfreund, E. and Puerner, J. A. 1985. Toxicity determined in vitro by morphological alteration and Neutral Red absorption. Tox. Lett., 24: 119–124. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], measurement of total protein (Knox et al. 1986) [7] Knox, P., Uphill, P. F., Fry, J. R., Venford, D. J. and Balls, M. 1986. The FRAME multicentre project on in vitro cytotoxicology. Fd. Chem. Tox., 24: 457–463. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] and determination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were used for this purpose. The protective effect of 12.5 μ M Na2SeO3 was observed at 50 μM of Cd, when the viability was 64.5 ± 3.8% with selenium and 56.1 ± 5.4% (p ≤ 0.05) with cadmium only. The cell proliferation was evaluated by measurement of total cell protein. The protective effect of selenium was evaluated at 5, 10 and 50 μM of cadmium chloride. The amount of total protein was 87.35 ± 4.7% and 104.8 ± 5.4% (p ≤ 0.001) at 5 μM after Se pretreatment, 99.9 ± 5.6% and 108.4 ± 5.4% (p ≤ 0.005) at 10 μM Cd, 55.42 ± 1.52% against 64.45 ± 2.7% (p ≤ 0.001) at 50 μM with Se and Cd treatment. There was not any difference at 100 μM of Cd. The release of LDH into the medium was used to assess cell membrane damage. The levels of enzyme were lower at the highest Cd concentration. In the medium with 100 μM CdCl2, the levels of LDH were 67.73 ± 2.04% and 54.5 ± 2.3% (p ≤ 0.05). These results suggest that selenium produced decrease of Cd cytotoxicity mostly at higher concentrations.
Autotuning PID Control for Large Time-Delay Processes and Its Application to Paper Basis Weight Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The brief arts and crafts of the ordinary fourdrinier are introduced first in this paper. After analysis of the intractable points of paper basis weight (BW) control, an autotuning PID/PI control algorithm is then presented which is capable of controlling large time-delay processes. The algorithm can be described as below. The oscillation amplitude and frequency induced by a modified relay feedback identification method at the point where the Nyquist curve of the process intersects the negative imaginary axis in the S plane are obtained. In terms of the information obtained above, the autotuning PID/PI parameter values are thus tuned according to the specified robust specifications of amplitude and phase margin. The algorithm has many advantages such as simple parameter adjustment, little dependence on the process model, strong robustness, and ease of implementation. It is also very suitable for controlling industrial processes such as the BW loop with large time delay.