jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Location Decisions of Undocumented Migrants in the United States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many states have experienced a large influx of undocumented migrants in recent years. It has resulted in contentious debates regarding the burdens and benefits of their presence in the U.S. and in individual states and the need for comprehensive immigration reform. This research examines factors that influence the location decisions of undocumented migrants in the U.S. Greater economic opportunities, the existence of migrant networks, and the share of agriculture, accommodation, and food services sectors in the Gross State Product have a posi-tive and significant impact on percentage of undocumented migrants at the state level. Un-documented migrants also appear to locate in states with policies that foster greater individual freedoms. The evidence of clustering of undocumented migrants in states with large migrant networks could pose challenges for states trying to regulate the size of their undocumented migrant population.
LHD IPD #195114.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Impurity Powder Dropper (IPD) was designed and built in the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), which can drop sub-millimeter impurity powders/granules (Boron, Boron-nitride, Carbon, Lithium, Silicon, etc.) into the LHD plasmas from 2.5-U port.
Xanthan production in stirred tank fermenters: Oxygen transfer and scale‐up

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The microbial polysaccharide xanthan was produced by cultivation of Xanthomonas campestris in four stirred tanks with volumes ranging from 0.072 to 3 m 3 . Many of the previously suggested correlations for the volumetric mass transfer coefficient described the present data very unsatisfactorily. When Rushton turbines were employed as stirrers, the experimental results agreed well with a correlation suggested by Kawase and Moo‐Young; for the more energy‐efficient INTERMIG impellers, this correlation was modified by a factor of three. Constant specific oxygen transfer rate was found to be the appropriate scale‐up criterion for constant space‐time yield and constant product quality, specifically, the molar mass which determines the viscosity yield.
Growth and yield of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarumL.) with integrated nutrient management

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment to study the response of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) to microbial consortium (Biomix-I) was conducted during spring 2011 and 2012 at Ludhiana, Punjab in a randomized block design with three replications. The highest cane yield (64.37 t ha−1) was obtained with RFD (recommended chemical fertilizer dose) + FYM + Biomix-I and it was statistically at par with RFD + FYM and both the treatments were significantly better than RFD alone. The per cent increase in cane yield, with application of Biomix-I, varied from 6.5–6.9% in different Biomix-I treatments. Integration of FYM with RFD increased the cane yield and improved the soil health.
Improving Modular Reasoning on Preprocessor-Based Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Preprocessors are often used to implement the variability of a Software Product Line (SPL). Despite their widespread use, they have several drawbacks like code pollution, no separation of concerns, and error-prone. Virtual Separationof Concerns (VSoC) has been used to address some of thesepreprocessor problems by allowing developers to hide featurecode not relevant to the current maintenance task. However, different features eventually share the same variables and methods, so VSoC does not modularize features, since developers do not know anything about hidden features. Thus, the maintenance of one feature might break another. Emergent Interfaces (EI) capture dependencies between a feature maintenance point and parts of other feature implementation, but they do not provide an overall feature interface considering all parts in an integrated way. Thus, we still have the feature modularization problem. To address that, we propose Emergent Feature Interfaces (EFI) that complement EI by treating feature as a module in order to improve modular reasoning on preprocessor-based systems. EFI capture dependencies among entire features, with the potential of improving productivity. Our proposal, implemented in an opensource tool called Emergo, is evaluated with preprocessor-based systems. The results of our study suggest the feasibility and usefulness of the proposed approach.
P101 Regulatory T cells exhibit reduced phenotypic stability upon pro-inflammatory challenge in autoimmune hepatitis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Introduction In autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) CD4 + CD25 high regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are numerically defective and fail to suppress T-cell-mediated immune responses. Expression by Tregs of the ectoenzyme CD39 contributes to their ability to suppress by initiating an ATP hydrolysis cascade which leads to the production of adenosine, a molecule with inhibitory properties. Recently expression of CD39 has been associated with T-reg phenotypic stability under inflammatory conditions. Aim To investigate the frequency and phenotypic stability of CD39 + Tregs in AIH. Method 24 AIH patients (23 ANA/SMA + , 1 LKM-1 + ; 12 females, median age: 15 years) and 24 healthy subjects (HS; 16 females, median age: 35 years) were studied. The phenotype of circulating Tregs was assessed by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies to CD4, CD25, CD127, CD39 and CD73, an ectonucleotidase that in mice is expressed by Tregs and works in tandem with CD39. The frequency of IFNγ, IL10 and IL17-producing cells within Tregs was determined by intracellular staining. Analysis was performed at baseline and after exposure to anti-CD3/CD28 T-cell expander or to the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1β and IL6 (IL1β+IL6). Results At baseline, CD39 + Tregs were less numerous in AIH (8.78±0.77) than HS (11.93±1.04, P=0.019) and displayed a trend towards higher CD127 expression (7.41±3.25 vs 2.75±1.33, p=0.13) and reduced FOXP3 mean fluorescence intensity (1230±260 vs 997±232, p=0.09). CD73 expression on CD39 + Tregs did not differ between the two groups. Exposure to T-cell expander increased the frequency of IFNγ + CD39 + Tregs in AIH (from 7.37±2.15 to 24.3±13.37, p=0.043) but not in HS (12.4±2.9 to 6.6±2.4, p=NS). Although the frequency of IFNγ + CD39 + Tregs augmented after treatment with IL1β+IL6 in both AIH (from 7.37±2.15 to 72.9±9.42, p<0.001) and HS (12.39±2.94 to 56.51±16.12, p<0.001), the increase was higher in the former than in the latter (10-fold vs fivefold). IL1β+IL6 increased the frequency of CD127 + CD39 + Tregs in AIH (from 4.95±2.23 to 19.6±11.43, p=0.05) but not in HS (2.7±1.3 to 1.3±0.8 p=NS). No change in the frequency of IL10 + and IL17 + CD39 + Tregs was noted upon T-cell expander or IL1β+IL6 stimulation in AIH and HS. Conclusion Compared to HS, Tregs from AIH patients display lower CD39 expression and are more prone to become activated upon exposure to pro-inflammatory stimuli, a finding which indicates reduced phenotype stability. A decrease in CD39 expression and in phenotypic stability may contribute to impaired Treg suppressive function in AIH.
The association between coronary artery disease and glyphosate exposure found in pesticide factory workers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide in the world. Coronary artery disease (CAD) has been recognized as widespread causes of death and disability. In our study, we aimed to investigate the difference in results of health examination among people whether exposed to glyphosate or not.
Methods: We recruited workers from glyphosate production line as the exposed group and workers without doing pesticide production as the non-exposed group. All the participants have taken health examination as well as finished personal health questionnaires. A total of 42 patients with CAD were found among the return patients. Individual and fix-point samplings were performed to monitor the level of glyphosate in workplace air around the production line. Glyphosate and AMPA in the plasma were measured by gas chromatography combined with GC/MS method. The association between measured variables and the incidence of CAD was evaluated in unconditional logistic regression models.
Results: The highest levels of permissible concentration-time weighted average (PC-TWA) (0.01–94.59 mg/m 3 ) and permissible concentration-short term exposure limit (PC-STEL) (0.01–20 mg/m 3 ) were separately presented in the jobs like packing and drying. The average concentration of glyphosate and its metabolin aminomethylphonic acid (AMPA) 85481 in blood plasma was 9.13 and 4.20 ng/mL, respectively. Forty-two percent of glyphosate workers admitted wearing gauze mask or spectacles seldom worn when they worked. The incidence rates of hypertension, CAD, abnormal rate of ECG, total liver function index [including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP)] and summary of renal function index were found significantly higher in the exposed group than non-exposed group (P Conclusions: Our results suggested that glyphosate might be a potential hazard factor to CAD.
469 Efficacy of Biofeedback Therapy for Dyssynergic Constipation Among Elderly Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of constipation among older adults is estimated to be as high as 40% (Melton et al, 1996). Dyssynergic defecation (DD) is an important cause of constipation for a large proportion of these patients. While biofeedback (BFB) therapy has been shown to be highly effective in correcting DD, it involves operant conditioning which requires learning new techniques and few studies have looked at how older adults respond to BFB. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of age 65+ patients enrolled in BFB for DD between 2015 to 2018 at a tertiary referral motility program. For patients that had greater than two sessions, survey and high resolution anorectal manometry (HR-ARM) data were collected at baseline and during each BFB visit. 58 patients met criteria. ARM is utilized with sensors in the rectum and anal canal. Stool retention simulation is performed involving inflation of a rectal balloon during the BFB sessions. RESULTS: Patients described improvement in several meaningful clinical outcomes. The overall median education level was completed high school and some college. Mean global bowel satisfaction on a scale of 1 (very dissatisfied) to 10 (very satisfied) showed a statistically significant increase, 2.77 to 5.01 with BFB ( P ≤ 0.0001). In addition, the important symptom of a feeling of incomplete evacuation after stooling decreased from 95% down to 24% ( P = 0.0025). Most significantly, 79% of the age 65+ patients showed resolution of their dysyynergia on HR-ARM at their final session ( P = 0.0006). The defecation index (DI), intrarectal pressure divided by intra-anal pressure during simulated defecation, also trended towards improvement (0.564 to 0.681, P = 0.12). In terms of types of dyssynergia (1 through 4), subjects with defects in both propulsion and paradoxical contraction of sphincter muscles during defecation, i.e. type 2 dyssynergia, showed the most substantial objective gains in defecation index, with an average increase of 0.486, P -value 0.01 (2 vs 1) and 0.02 (2 vs 3). CONCLUSION: Biofeedback for DD shows meaningful improvement in both patient reported outcomes and objective manometric parameters in older adults. This is an important finding because our data supports the efficacy of BFB among older adults, across all levels of education. Given the profound burden of constipation with DD in older adults, we propose biofeedback therapy continue to be given strong consideration as first line therapy for this population.
Thermal performance of the solar parabolic trough collector at different flow rates: an experimental study

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Currently, the most capable thermal systems based on the solar energy are the concentrating collectors, which are essentially finding applications in power generation and process industries. In the present study, thermal performance of the parabolic tough collector (PTC) is investigated experimentally at different flow rates of working fluid. Mass flow rate is one of the key parameters influencing its performance. Here, PTC is constructed as a simple structure having a non-evacuated tube and tested in tracking and south-facing modes utilising water as the working fluid. The performances in terms of water temperature rise, useful heat gain, collector efficiency are evaluated with and without utilising glazing on the receiver. Results revealed that performance of collector chiefly depends upon the mass flow rate and no considerable change is found when the flow rate of water is more than 0.024 kg/s. Furthermore, small-sized PTC offers slight better performance in the south-facing than the tracking mode.
Tunneling currents in electron transfer reaction in proteins. II. Calculation of electronic superexchange matrix element and tunneling currents using nonorthogonal basis sets

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we further develop the concept of interatomic tunneling currents [A.A. Stuchebrukhov, J. Chem. Phys. 104, 8424 (1996)] for the description of long-range electron tunneling in proteins. Here we discuss a formulation of the theory for the case when nonorthogonality of the atomic basis set of the medium propagating electron is explicitly taken into account. This method provides an effective computational scheme for an exact, i.e., nonperturbative, evaluation (in one-electron approximation) of the superexchange electron tunneling matrix element, and allows one to determine which regions in the protein matrix are important for the tunneling process. The theory is applied for calculation of tunneling currents and the electronic matrix element in His126-Ru-modified blue copper protein azurin from a recent experimental work of Gray and co-workers. Analysis of interatomic currents reveals a nontrivial structure of the tunneling flow between donor and acceptor in the intervening protein medium in this system.
PP516 [Extracorporeal Support » Renal replacement therapies]: CORRELATION BETWEEN THORACIC FLUID CONTENT AND NET FLUID BALANCE IN PEDIATRIC CONTINUOUS RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1Department of Student Affairs, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 2Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA 3Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
A new record of Dryadella mocoana (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from southeastern Ecuador

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dryadella mocoana which was hitherto thought to be endemic to Mocoa, Putumayo department in Colombia has now been reported for the first time in the lower montane forests of Zamora-Chinchipe province, southern Ecuador. A Lankester composite digital plate (LCDP), photos, taxonomic comments, and an updated description of the species based on the examined material is provided.
Superior Anti-Tumor Response After Microbeam and Minibeam Radiation Therapy in a Lung Cancer Mouse Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the tumor growth delay between conventional radiotherapy (CRT) and the spatially fractionated modalities of microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) and minibeam radiation therapy (MBRT). In addition, we also determined the influence of beam width and the peak-to-valley dose ratio (PVDR) on tumor regrowth. Methods: A549, a human non-small-cell lung cancer cell line, was implanted subcutaneously into the hind leg of female CD1-Foxn1nu mice. The animals were irradiated with sham, CRT, MRT, or MBRT. The spatially fractionated fields were created using two specially designed multislit collimators with a beam width of 50 μm and a center-to-center distance (CTC) of 400 μm for MRT and a beam width of 500 μm and 2000 μm CTC for MBRT. Additionally, the concept of the equivalent uniform dose (EUD) was chosen in our study. A dose of 20 Gy was applied to all groups with a PVDR of 20 for MBRT and MRT. Tumor growth was recorded until the tumors reached at least a volume that was at least three-fold of their initial value, and the growth delay was calculated. Results: We saw a significant reduction in tumor regrowth following all radiation modalities. A growth delay of 11.1 ± 8 days was observed for CRT compared to the sham, whereas MBRT showed a delay of 20.2 ± 7.3 days. The most pronounced delay was observed in mice irradiated with MRT PVDR 20, with 34.9 ± 26.3 days of delay. Conclusions: The current study highlights the fact that MRT and MBRT modalities show a significant tumor growth delay in comparison to CRT at equivalent uniform doses.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STABLE AGGREGATES OF THE SOIL SPECIFIC TO THE NORTHERN PLATEAU OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The importance of the aggregates studies could be presented from the following perspectives: elaboration of the soil studies to substantiate the projects of arrangement, organization and exploitation of the meadows; elaboration of (naturalistic) soil studies prior to the preparation of forestry arrangements; elaboration of the soil studies necessary to substantiate the projects of complex arrangement of the slopes in order to prevent and control erosion on agricultural land in non-irrigated regime; elaboration of the soil studies in order to recover the lands degraded by social-economic activities. The researches consists in highlighting the influence of the shelterbelts on the evolution of the soil in the immediate area of it, compared with the soil developed inside the shelterbelts, starting from the premise: degraded lands, recovered through shelterbelts, in order to ensure full protection of agricultural crops, it must also have a high degree of soil amelioration, a low risk of erosion and erosivity.
Development of an electronic mentoring scale for the investigation of the effects of the internet on mentoring practices

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Past mentoring research has positioned mentoring as a face-to-face phenomenon. New developments in the Internet, online relationships, and online learning are questioning this position. The Internet is defined as advances in software, computer interconnectivity, and computer networking allowing for computer-mediated-communication and the creation of computer social networks. The Internet is thus an external force that has the potential to provide a strong influence on mentoring by transferring the mentor-protege face-to-face communication process to a computer-mediated-communication model. While measurement instruments exist that capture face-to-face mentoring outcomes, none exist that assesses the influence of the Internet on mentoring. The current study addressed this deficit by developing a measure to assess the effects of the Internet on mentoring practices.
Qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed in this inquiry to understand the Internet experience on mentoring and develop the electronic mentoring scale. The qualitative study employed a sample of 59 Executive masters of Business Administration (EMBA) students to develop a pool of items tapping the conceptual domain of the influence of the Internet on mentoring. This list of items formed the basis for the electronic mentoring scale. The quantitative analysis utilized measurement scale development procedures assessing content adequacy of the developed measure. A total sample of 151 college students participated in the content adequacy assessment. Triangulating the scale development for electronic mentoring using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies increased the robustness of the resultant electronic mentoring scale.
As the mentoring literature revealed, mentoring affords great benefits to the mentor, the protege, and the organization. Using the Internet as the primary communication tool, the goal of the electronic mentoring model is to continue to reap the benefits of mentoring through the Internet. However, as illustrated through the literature review, there are no empirical studies comparing face-to-face mentoring and electronic mentoring. This study is expected to contribute to the literature in two ways: (1) by providing a means of assessing electronic mentoring so that it may eventually be compared to traditional mentoring, and (2) by providing the foundational support to further empirical research of electronic mentoring.
A DDO astrophysical study of NGC 752

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

DDO intermediate-band photometry of 11 red giants in the field of the sparsely populated open cluster NGC 752 is reported. Physical properties of the 11 stars, such as heavy-element abundances, surface gravities, and effective temperatures, are determined. A cluster age of 1.1 plus or minus 0.1 billion years is obtained by means of a comparison with Patenaude's (1978) theoretical isochrones. A true distance modulus of 7.9 plus or minus 0.2 mag is estimated for NGC 752, along with a true distance of 380 plus or minus 40 pc, an Fe/H abundance ratio of 0.0 plus or minus 0.1, and a red-giant mean mass of 1.5 plus or minus 0.2 solar masses. It is concluded that NGC 752 is on the metal-rich side of the distribution of intermediate and old open clusters, at about the same Fe/H value as NGC 7789 and halfway between NGC 2477 and NGC 2243.
Impact of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Interventions on All-Cause Mortality in Heart Failure Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have a unique role in the primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. However, appropriate and inappropriate ICD interventions [antitachycardia pacing (ATP) or shocks] can result in deleterious effects. The aim of our study was to systematically review the existing data about the impact of ICD interventions on all-cause mortality in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We systematically searched MEDLINE (by using PubMed Web-based search engine) without any limits until September 30, 2017. After screening 17,752 records, a total of 17 studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in our meta-analysis. Our data showed that in patients with HFrEF, appropriate [hazard ratio (HR), 2.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.52–2.63; P < 0.01; I 2 88%] and inappropriate [HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07–1.58; P < 0.01; I 2 26%] ICD interventions were significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality. However, neither appropriate ATP [HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.80–2.02; P = 0.30; I 2 62%] nor inappropriate ATP [HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.49–2.07; P = 0.98; I 2 46%] were significantly associated with all-cause mortality in this patient population. In conclusion, ICD shocks are associated with a worse prognosis in HFrEF.