jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Le président est une femme : the challenges of translating gender in UN texts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on the case of the translation of ‘gender’ in texts produced by the United Nations. Due to its global nature – with almost every country in the world involved – the organization’s linguistic and translational choices have a particularly far-reaching influence, and even though translations come second chronologically, the translational process must be borne in mind at every stage of text production. The chapter tackles the question of gender translation from a diachronic perspective, with a focus on texts related to UN World Conferences on Women between 1975 and 2015 in their English, French and Spanish versions. First, an overview is given of the different forms of sexist and anti-sexist language and the role of language planning in these three languages. A quantitative study is then carried out on the English source and on the target texts to determine the extent to which both sexist and gender-inclusive language were used. The analysis focuses on the use of sixty key words and expressions chosen on the basis of the UNESCO guidelines, such as personal pronouns, occupational terms, and terms such as “human rights” or “gender” itself.
The management of situated risk: A parental perspective on child food allergy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Food allergy is an illness that requires constant risk management in everyday life. To date, there is no cure or preventive treatment, and the only way to manage the condition is therefore careful avoidance of the offending foodstuff and treatment of reactions when they occur. This article draws on a socio-cultural approach to explore parents’ understandings and management of child food allergy in the context of everyday life, as ‘situated’ risk. A focus group study was carried out with 31 parents of children diagnosed with food allergy at two children’s hospitals. The analysis of the focus group material reveals how the management of allergy risk seems to permeate most aspects of everyday life as well as how the parents draw on a dominant norm of risk avoidance as well as a counter-discourse of calculated risk taking. The patterns of risk management found in this study are discussed in terms of how risk avoidance and risk taking are intertwined and balanced in the context of moral parenthood.
pynucastro/pynucastro: pynucastro 2.2.1

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

2.2.1 numpy 2.0 support added (#748) new logo! (#744, #746) pynucastro can now be installed by conda (#741, #743) minor test fixes (#729, #735, #740, #745) doc fixes (#737) pylint fixes (#733) Composition now allows for direct key-value indexing (#731), and has a new set_random() method (#728) The screen5 screening routine has been added (#730) C++ partition function interpolation is now cached (#726)
Supplementary Figure S3 from Progressive Spreading of DNA Methylation in the <i>GSTP1</i> Promoter CpG Island across Transitions from Precursors to Invasive Prostate Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure S3 shows the GSTP1 promoter methylation and its corresponding GSTP1 immunohistochemistry expression for PIA and PIN lesions within an individual patient, and notably the heterogeneity of the PIA lesions.</p>
Purple Nodules on the Lower Extremity Following Above-Knee Amputation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

REPORT OF A CASE

A 68-year-old man presented to the emergency room at St Paul-Ramsey Medical Center, St Paul, Minn, in June 1986 for evaluation of tender nodules on the right thigh. A single nodule, first noted one month earlier, had continued to enlarge and was followed by the appearance of other similar nodules. The patient's medical history was remarkable for adult-onset diabetes mellitus, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, venous insufficiency, and bilateral above-knee amputation. The amputation of the right leg was performed one year prior to development of the current lesions. Physical examination revealed several 0.5- to 1.0-cm tender, firm purple nodules on the anterior aspect of the right thigh that later turned black (Fig 1). There was no associated lymphadenopathy or clinically evident stump edema. There was no increased warmth or erythema of the surrounding skin. The results of pertinent laboratory studies performed at this time were as follows:
Development of A Fermented Vinegar Beverage from Oleaster Fruits

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Oleaster fruits grown in Xinjiang area were processed into a full-bodied fermented vinegar beverage by alcohol fermentation by yeast preserved in our lab,acetic acid fermentation by a strain of acetic acid bacteria natural vinegar cake and beverage blending.The best brewing conditions of vinegar were determined as follows:alcohol fermentation was carried out at 30 ℃ with the sugar content in oleaster juice of 10-12°Bx and yeast inoculation of 10%;when alcohol volume fraction reached 5.5%-6%,acetic acid fermentation was done with acetic acid bacteria amount of 10% at 32 ℃ for 5 days.
Metabolie Aspects in Mice Administered Live Salmonella typhimurium

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The influence of intraperitoneal inoculation of live Salmonella typhimurium on carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms in mice was investigated at doses of 9.2 × 10 7 cells, 1.9 × 10 8 cells, and 3.8 × 10 8 cells. The hepatic glycogen content in mice at 18 hr after the inoculation decreased in inverse proportion to an increase in the injection dose. The activities of hepatic phosphorylase and G‐6‐P ase increased significantly after 2 hr, but after 18 hr the levels of both enzyme activities, especially G‐6‐P ase , declined in inverse porportion to an increase in dose of viable cells administered to the mice. The levels of serum glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) in mice markedly decreased at doses of 1.9 × 10 8 and 3.8 × 10 8 cells after a transient rise at early stage (1 hr) after the injection. Marked hypertriglyceridemia was seen in infected mice. However, the activity in serum lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was reduced by an increase in the injection dose. The effect of intraperitoneal administration of viable cells on the serum triglyceride level was prevented in mice immunized with S. typhimurium endotoxin or administered with the anti‐endotoxin serum. These results indicate that hypertriglyceridemia mainly results from the action of endotoxin in the pathogen. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity markedly increased at the dose of 3.8 × 10 8 cells within 8–16 hr, and the infected mice exhibited a leakage of isozymes LDH‐3 and 5 in the serum 16 hr post‐inoculation.
Neuronal sources of visually evoked potentials using selective color opponent channel stimulation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Purpose The retinal stages of color processing have been extensively researched in recent years. In contrast, the cortical stages, especially the spatial distribution of visual processing are less understood. It is known that many cells in the visual cortex respond to color. However, what kind of computations these cells perform on their visual input, and what are their temporal and spatial properties are still under debate. In this study, we aimed to analyze the neuronal sources of visually evoked potentials using selective color opponent channel stimulations. Methods The study was conducted on 10 healthy subjects (6 male, 4 female, 1 eye each, mean age 25.5±5.1 yr). All subjects were free of eye diseases. Normal color vision was checked with Ishihara and Stilling‐Velhagen plates. To modulate selective activity in the S‐cone and L/M‐cone driven channels (the related cells are: short‐wavelength absorbing: S‐cone, medium‐wavelength absorbing: M‐cone, long‐wavelength‐absorbing: L‐cone) we presented two silent substitution flash sequences (total of 200 stimuli) in a full circle with a diameter of 22°. Electroencephalography was performed using a 64‐channel amplifier system (Theraprax, neuroConn GmbH, Germany) in combination with Ag/AgCl ring electrodes (B10‐S‐200, EASYCAP GmbH, Germany). The preprocessed data were analyzed with source localization software (CURRY v4.6, Compumedics, USA). For each subject, a realistically shaped volume conductor was constructed by a boundary element model. Results We found two main components (N1, P1) in all subjects, as well as a third late component in most subjects. For these components significant latency differences (mean: N1 = 33 ms, P1 = 22 ms; p < 0.05) between both color opponent channels were found. The results showed no differences in the topography and no differences in dipole localization between both color channels. Talairach coordinates of grand averages indicated activation in area 18. Conclusions Our findings showed that neural processing occurs in the same areas of the visual cortex for stimuli with different spectral properties. The signals of S‐ and L/M‐cone driven channels are transmitted in distinct pathways to the cortex. Thus, the observed latency differences might be caused by different anatomical and functional properties of these pathways.
Optimization of a Convolutional Neural Network for the Automated Diagnosis of Melanoma

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The incidence of melanoma has been increasing rapidly over the past two decades, making melanoma a current public health crisis. Unfortunately, even as screening efforts continue to expand in an effort to ameliorate the death rate from melanoma, there is a need to improve diagnostic accuracy to decrease misdiagnosis. Artificial intelligence (AI) a new frontier in patient care has the ability to improve the accuracy of melanoma diagnosis. Convolutional neural network (CNN) a form of deep neural network, most commonly applied to analyze visual imagery, has been shown to outperform the human brain in pattern recognition. However, there are noted limitations with the accuracy of the CNN models. Our aim in this study was the optimization of convolutional neural network algorithms for the automated diagnosis of melanoma. We hypothesized that Optimal selection of the momentum and batch hyperparameter increases model accuracy. Our most successful model developed during this study, showed that optimal selection of momentum of 0.25, batch size of 2, led to a superior performance and a faster model training time, with an accuracy of ~ 83% after nine hours of training. We did notice a lack of diversity in the dataset used, with a noted class imbalance favoring lighter vs. darker skin tone. Training set image transformations did not result in a superior model performance in our study.
Modification of a glass micro-extractor aiming to enrichment of traces of water contaminating organochlorinated pesticides and their quantitative gas chromatographic analysis.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-02T16:30:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000074891600017.pdf: 359911 bytes, checksum: 7828f39bac69730e468477d7a2d9a7b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998
The Influence of School Health Education Programmes on the Knowledge and Behaviour of School Children towards Nutrition and Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A comparative investigation was conducted involving two school situations; one identified as being health promoting and having a comprehensive policy and a defined programme of health education, and the other not health promoting, having no policy and an unstructured programme of health education. A total of 367 students from two secondary and four primary schools participated in the study. The factors used to categorise schools are highlighted. A self-completion questionnaire was employed to assess students' knowledge and behaviour with regard to nutrition and health. Students' dietary intake was monitored by employing a frequency of consumption tick sheet. The results revealed that students from the more health promoting secondary school (School 1(H)) were more knowledgeable of what constitutes a healthy diet and the benefits and risks to health. The implications of these results are considered within the context of the many factors that could influence students' knowledge and behaviour.
The Ductile to Brittle Transition in Polycarbonate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>An advanced bulk constitutive model is used with a new cohesive zone model that is stress state and rate-dependent in order to simulate the ductile to brittle failure transition in polycarbonate. The cohesive zone model is motivated by experimental evidence that two different critical energies per unit area of crack growth exist in glassy polymers. A higher energy state is associated with ductile failure (slow crack growth), while a lower energy state is associated with brittle failure (fast crack growth). The model is formulated so that as rate or stress state changes within a simulation, the fracture energy and thus fracture mode may also change appropriately. The ductile to brittle transition occurs when the cohesive opening rate is over a threshold opening rate and when the stress state is close to plane strain in a fracture specimen. These effects are coupled. The principal contribution of this work is that this is the first time a single set of material input parameters can predict the transition from slow to fast crack growth as test loading rate and sample thickness are varied. This result enlisted the use of an advanced constitutive model and the new cohesive zone model with rate and stress-state dependencies in three-dimensional finite element analysis.</p>
On-resonance round beam experiment in the HLS-II storage ring

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The strong intra beam scattering effect and the increase in horizontal emittance become common issues for next-generation ultra-low emittance storage rings. The round beam can be an effective method to solve these problems. Moreover, the produced round synchrotron radiation is suitable for optical matching. The on-resonance tune is an easier method to achieve round beam. In this paper, simulation and experimental results are introduced based on the nominal lattice of the HLS-II storage ring.
South-western vector: Climate factor in socio-economic development of Russia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Development strategy of a country planning to increase considerably both per capita income and average life expectancy should take into consideration the climate component, i.e. increasing desire of people to live in places with favorable climate. The article addresses the issue of Russia’s population shift to regions with better climate, examines its possible outcomes and proposes relevant policy measures. The authors have come to the conclusion that in the European part of Russia, in addition to its two major cities, a macro region Teplorussia (“Warmer Russia”) has emerged which has become a gravitation center for migrants; the climate plays a major role in its attractiveness.
A Case of Pneumatocele on Nasal Dorsum after Removal of Silicone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Silicone implants have been widely used as augmentative rhinoplasty materials in Asia. Relatively common complications of silicone implant are infection, extrusion, skin erosion and rarely mucous cyst formation. Development of a cystic mass on the nasal dorsum is a very rare complication of rhinoplasty. Inclusion cyst and mucous cyst have been reported although they were rare, but entrapment air in silicone capsule mimicking cyst on nasal dorsum has not been reported yet. We have experienced nasal dorsal cystic mass after removal of silicone and it was revealed later entrapment of air in silicone capsule and successful treatment was performed with strongly compression of air cystic mass. (J Clinical Otolaryngol 2011;22:247-249)
Inter-American Encounters in the Travel and Migration Narratives of Mayra Montero and Cristina García: Toward a Decolonial Hemispheric Feminism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay merges scholarship on coloniality and hemispheric theories to elaborate a hemispheric decolonial feminism. I adopt this approach to illustrate how two Cuban exile writers, Mayra Montero and Cristina García, located at different sites in the hemisphere, create narratives that expose and provide positive alternatives to Western knowledge systems and their mechanisms for reproducing asymmetrical power relations in the Americas. A comparative analysis of their work reveals that travel and migration narratives provide an oppositional ideological-discursive location from which feminists along the North-South axes combat the power that regimes based on coloniality exercise to alienate and exclude. Their narratives illustrate the dialectical permutations of historically continuous encounters between the Anglo-European and the American subaltern around conflictive ways of being and knowing—those based in Western scientific paradigms and those based in the Caribbean’s African-derived cosmologies of vodou and Santería.
Global Corporations, Bribery and Corrupt Practices - Anti-Bribery Laws and the Limits of State Action

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The regulation and control of bribery and corrupt practices by globally active corporations has become a matter of increasing concern in recent years. For many years the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (1977) has stood as a model for other countries. Other countries have been slow to introduce improved anti-bribery laws and have often only been prompted to review their laws and practices in this area as a result of major corporate scandals. The passage of the UK Bribery Act (2010) has now provided a more broad-ranging model that has built upon prior experiences, such as in the USA, as well as upon advances in regulatory theory. Multilateral efforts, such as by the G20, have also become more important in encouraging countries to enhance global anti-bribery mechanisms. This paper critically examines this national and multilateral regulatory experience and discusses difficulties that individual states, such as Australia, have had in responding to the need for more effective anti-bribery laws and enforcement mechanisms.
North American grown disease free cabbage seed : twenty-third year, 1932 /

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Very few realize that it takes until the fifth year to get a crop of Disease Free Cabbage Seed ready to sell.According to a government bulletin there is only one suitable section here in America where cabbage seed can be produced in quantity, free from the dreaded disease Black Leg.In this north, west section, which is as far north as Newfoundland, certain peculiar climatic conditions exist which prevent this disease from developing.Some claim if one goes far enough north in Europe a similar condition can be found.Ex¬ perience has taught that if there is such a section, it is small, and to meet the demand for their seed they can send farther south where much disease is present, get seed and reship it to us.Fourteen years ago a government expert advised us to move our final seed production to this north country.This we did and so far we have never known of a single case of Black Leg or Black Rot coming from our seed.Reed Bros. Cabbage Seed Growing in the North Country.Note the Health and Vigor.
Data from O-GlcNAc Transferase – An Auxiliary Factor or a Full-blown Oncogene?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>The β-linked N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is a posttranslational modification of serine and threonine residues catalyzed by the enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Increased OGT expression is a feature of most human cancers and inhibition of OGT decreases cancer cell proliferation. Antiproliferative effects are attributed to posttranslational modifications of known regulators of cancer cell proliferation, such as MYC, FOXM1, and EZH2. In general, OGT amplifies cell-specific phenotype, for example, OGT overexpression enhances reprogramming efficiency of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into stem cells. Genome-wide screens suggest that certain cancers are particularly dependent on OGT, and understanding these addictions is important when considering OGT as a target for cancer therapy. The O-GlcNAc modification is involved in most cellular processes, which raises concerns of on-target undesirable effects of OGT-targeting therapy. Yet, emerging evidence suggest that, much like proteasome inhibitors, specific compounds targeting OGT elicit selective antiproliferative effects in cancer cells, and can prime malignant cells to other treatments. It is, therefore, essential to gain mechanistic insights on substrate specificity for OGT, develop reagents to more specifically enrich for O-GlcNAc–modified proteins, identify O-GlcNAc “readers,” and develop OGT small-molecule inhibitors. Here, we review the relevance of OGT in cancer progression and the potential targeting of this metabolic enzyme as a putative oncogene.</p></div>
Strategic Choice vs. Environmental Adaptation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Our inquiry focuses on the intentionality (or lack thereof) of the hypothetical relationship between firms’ intra-industry exit, a pervasive business phenomenon, and the evolution of their geographic scope. Do firms employ intra-industry exit as a deliberate mechanism to manage their geographic scope along their life-cycle? Alternately, is the firms’ geographic scope simply determined by their inadvertent exit from a few sub-markets in a dynamic industry environment? The empirical setting of the post-divestiture US Long Distance Telecommunications Services Industry satisfies our requirement of a geographically fragmented industry characterized by demand-side heterogeneity across the independent geographic sub-markets. We find that while firm performance influences the intra-industry exit decision, it is the firm- in-market performance that influences their decision to exit a specific sub- market. We also find that firms’ intra-industry exit decision, when influenced by firm performance, does lead to reduction in geographic scope. Our findings allow us to reconcile the ‘strategic choice’ logic with the ‘environmental adaptation’ logic to suggest that firms employ intra-industry exit as a strategic adaptive mechanism.