jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ultrarapid high-dose course of prophylactic cranial irradiation in small cell lung cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite the reduction in the incidence of brain metastases following prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), the use of this modality is still controversial due to the lack of improvement in survival and the appearance of neurotoxicity in long-term survivors. Moreover, the optimum dose, fraction size, and timing are not known. From 1980 to 1988, 70 patients with limited stage SCLC underwent PCI after or during multimodality treatment of their primary tumor. Most of these patients (75.7%) received an unconventional ultrarapid high-dose course of 17 Gy in two fractions over 3 days. Long-term (range 60-138 months) survivors (n = 16) were invited to have a complete neurological evaluation including computed cranial tomography (CCT), 99mTc-HMPAO single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) scan, electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neuropsychometry. Delayed neurologic complications or psychometric impairment was observed in 46% of patients. One or more abnormalities were detected by CCT in all patients, and the presence of neurologic complications seemed to correlate with periventricular and subcortical white matter changes. A strong correlation was found between CCT and SPECT periventricular white matter changes. Although the incidence of late neurologic toxicity following this rapid course of irradiation was high, clinical findings were less severe than expected, and all the patients were capable of self-care.
Fusion and Filtering in Distributed Intrusion Detection Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

False alarms and timely identification of new attacks are two of the biggest challenges to the effective use of network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). A potential means for addressing these shortcomings in modern NIDS is employing multiple, distributed network intrusion detection systems (DNIDS). In this paper we consider the potential benefits of DNIDS by addressing two open problems. The first problem is how to combine data from multiple intrusion sensors in a network. This is known as the fusion problem. The second problem is how to identify the most important data provided by multiple sensors in a network. This is known as the filtering problem.
Analysis of Primary Safety Barrier on Workover Operations Using MCD on Deepwater Scenarios – Design and Execution

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Intelligent completion installed in Brazilian pre-salt wells presents some challenges for workover. Pre salt ultra-deep-water wells are commonly equipped with two or three zones of integral intelligent completion, where severe fluid losses after acid stimulation, in depths is present on all wells. The usual methods to remove the intelligent completion string requires controlling fluid losses to the reservoir or installing a mechanical barrier to isolate the reservoir. Both options have a high risk of non-productive time and safety risks. A new approach is to remove the completion string in a single trip while dealing with losses. The reservoir would be communicated with the drilling riser while pulling the completion string. Clamps and flatpacks will be in front of the BOP during this trip. To control the risks, the project team developed tools and procedures to use MPD equipment and Mud Cap techniques during the critical parts of the operation. One of the challenges faced was to prove that ALARP (As Low as Reasonably Practicable) was achieved in non-normative operations. This article will describe the concept and equipment used on the successful intervention. The objective is to present a new use of current MPD techniques for well maintenance operations. There will be special focus on the primary safety barrier during the operations and contingencies since there is no similar operation reported in the industry.
Capsid proteins from field strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus confer a pathogenic phenotype in cattle on an attenuated, cell-culture-adapted virus

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Chimeric foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDVs) have been generated from plasmids containing full-length FMDV cDNAs and characterized. The parental virus cDNA was derived from the cell-culture-adapted O1Kaufbeuren B64 (O1K B64) strain. Chimeric viruses, containing capsid coding sequences derived from the O/UKG/34/2001 or A/Turkey 2/2006 field viruses, were constructed using the backbone from the O1K B64 cDNA, and viable viruses (O1K/O-UKG and O1K/A-Tur, respectively) were successfully rescued in each case. These viruses grew well in primary bovine thyroid cells but grew less efficiently in BHK cells than the rescued parental O1K B64 virus. The two chimeric viruses displayed the expected antigenicity in serotype-specific antigen ELISAs. Following inoculation of each virus into cattle, the rescued O1K B64 strain proved to be attenuated whereas, with each chimeric virus, typical clinical signs of foot-and-mouth disease were observed, which then spread to in-contact animals. Thus, the surface-exposed capsid proteins of the O1K B64 strain are responsible for its attenuation in cattle. Consequently, there is no evidence for any adaptation, acquired during cell culture, outside the capsid coding region within the O1K B64 strain that inhibits replication in cattle. These chimeric infectious cDNA plasmids provide a basis for the analysis of FMDV pathogenicity and characterization of receptor utilization in vivo .
Design of High Gain Luo Converter for PV System Applications

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation requires a bigger area per unit capacity than traditional power plants since it employs a limitless and clean energy source. As a result, installing floating PV systems (FPVs) on open sea surfaces is becoming more common in countries with tiny landmasses, such as South Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. For use in applications involving PV systems, this paper suggests a design for a high-gain LUO converter. This proposed system consists of a LUO converter for a PV system. A converter’s output voltage can be increased while staying constant throughout the system by using the proposed converter (a Luo converter). Step-up or boost converters increase the voltage from their input (supply) to their output (load) while converting DC to electricity. The PWM generator, which is connected to the power source and produces PWM pulses to modify the signal in the LUO converter, is used to produce PWM pulses.
Multiple cardiovascular injuries and motor vehicle accidents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A patient sustained blunt chest trauma in a motor vehicle accident. Cardiovascular trauma was initially obscured by more obvious orthopedic injuries. Thoracic aortic transection with false aneurysm formation was discovered incidentally during cardiac catheterization for traumatic tricuspid insufficiency. Successful repair of both lesions was subsequently performed. This case demonstrates the difficulty in recognizing cardiovascular trauma in survivors of motor vehicle accidents and emphasizes the need for an aggressive diagnostic approach with consideration of coexisting injuries in patients who have sustained blunt chest trauma. (JAMA241:2540-2541, 1979)
Aptasensors versus immunosensors—Which will prevail?

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Since the invention of the first biosensors 70 years ago, they have turned into valuable and versatile tools for various applications, ranging from disease diagnosis to environmental monitoring. Traditionally, antibodies have been employed as the capture probes in most biosensors, owing to their innate ability to bind their target with high affinity and specificity, and are still considered as the gold standard. Yet, the resulting immunosensors often suffer from considerable limitations, which are mainly ascribed to the antibody size, conjugation chemistry, stability, and costs. Over the past decade, aptamers have emerged as promising alternative capture probes presenting some advantages over existing constraints of immunosensors, as well as new biosensing concepts. Herein, we review the employment of antibodies and aptamers as capture probes in biosensing platforms, addressing the main aspects of biosensor design and mechanism. We also aim to compare both capture probe classes from theoretical and experimental perspectives. Yet, we highlight that such comparisons are not straightforward, and these two families of capture probes should not be necessarily perceived as competing but rather as complementary. We, thus, elaborate on their combined use in hybrid biosensing schemes benefiting from the advantages of each biorecognition element.
Jensen-Shannon divergence based algorithm for adaptive segmentation and labelling of household's electricity power consumption data series

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The increasing presence of renewable energy sources and the novel consumption types will obviously cause the increase of the fluctuation of electrical power in households. In order to better manage the electrical power consumption and production the integration of information and communication technologies and power grid is necessary, which is obviously a recent research topic. The availability of large amount of measurement data provided by household's smart meter(s) offers new possibilities in analyzing the internal structure of power consumption data series. One of them is discovering typical power consumption patterns with their duration-distributions. Our recent achievements in this direction are presented in the paper, namely a novel on-line, Jensen-Shannon divergence-based adaptive and automatic segmentation algorithm, the segment descriptors and the results of clustering using Kohonen's self-organizing map.
The law of the instance court

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sir William Scott, who late in life became Lord Stowell, is principally remembered for his numerous judgments as judge of the prize court in which he discussed and developed many facets of international law. As admiralty judge he also heard and determined a steady trickle of commercial maritime disputes brought by private parties who invoked the court's instance jurisdiction. Some of these instance judgments influenced the development of admiralty law. This chapter will analyze these instance decisions in light of the law the admiralty court applied fifty or seventy-five years earlier. The chief source for comparing Scott's judgments with eighteenth-century instance law is a draft abridgment of admiralty law, both instance and prize, which was prepared by Sir Edward Simpson, a civilian, about the middle of the eighteenth century. Scott had acquired this manuscript notebook, which is more fully described in the Appendix. In three cases he explicitly relied on it when giving his decision.
A Unified 3D Human Motion Synthesis Model via Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a unified and flexible framework to address the generalized problem of 3D motion synthesis that covers the tasks of motion prediction, completion, interpolation, and spatial-temporal recovery. Since these tasks have different input constraints and various fidelity and diversity requirements, most existing approaches only cater to a specific task or use different architectures to address various tasks. Here we propose a unified framework based on Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder (CVAE), where we treat any arbitrary input as a masked motion series. Notably, by considering this problem as a conditional generation process, we estimate a parametric distribution of the missing regions based on the input conditions, from which to sample and synthesize the full motion series. To further allow the flexibility of manipulating the motion style of the generated series, we design an Action-Adaptive Modulation (AAM) to propagate the given semantic guidance through the whole sequence. We also introduce a cross-attention mechanism to exploit distant relations among decoder and encoder features for better realism and global consistency. We conducted extensive experiments on Human 3.6M and CMU-Mocap. The results show that our method produces coherent and realistic results for various motion synthesis tasks, with the synthesized motions distinctly adapted by the given action labels.
The Parents’ level of Participation in the Individualized Educational Plan (IEP) of their Children with Intellectual Disabilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia–A Qualitative study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aimed at investigating the parents’ level of participation in the Individualized Educational Plan (IEP) of their children with intellectual disabilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study employed the qualitative descriptive approach, which helps the researcher to reach the study problem and its merits, as the semi-structured interview method was adopted. In this regard, an initial survey questionnaire, in which more than (33) parents whose children receive special education services and programs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia participated, was designed. The purpose of the survey questionnaire was to identify the target sample for the interviews, based on the participants' answers and their personal desire to conduct the interview or not. The study included (4) interviews with parents of students with intellectual disabilities. After analyzing the qualitative data, the results revealed several themes and topics that relate to parents and the IEP. For example, the results indicate that all the participants have good knowledge about the basic concepts of the IEP and in a way that makes them able to understand its objectives and basic contents. Regarding communication, the results showed that the participants expressed a noticeable concern about the limited communication with the school.
On Deserving Victims and the Undeserving Poor: Exploring the Scope of Distributive Justice in Transitional Justice Theory and Practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores the relationship between distributive justice and transitional justice in post-conflict societies with challenging socioeconomic demands. It revisits the main philosophical debate on distributive justice in the Anglo-American tradition and traces its reception by academics and practitioners in the fields of development, human rights, and transitional justice. The article shows that transitional justice often sets in motion an opportunity conception of distributive justice that revolves around individual responsibility and deservingness, which entails three negative consequences affecting victims and non-victims alike. First, it justifies an unequal guarantee of their economic and social rights; second, it undermines their self-respect; third, it exhausts public support for victim-oriented policies. In so doing, this article distances itself from the existing consensus that transitional justice and distributive justice are different spheres of justice and argues that it is necessary to develop theoretical frameworks that recognize their intimate connection to overcome the pitfalls identified.
NMR STUDY ON THE COMPETITIVE INCLUSION OF SUBSTRATE AND DETERGENT INTO CYCLOHEPTAAMYLOSE CAVITY

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The hydrolyses of 4-nitrophenyl and 2,4-dinitrophenyl sulfates have been accelerated in the presence of a functional detergent such as N,N-dimethylhexadecylamine or N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecyl-N-(4-imidazolium)methylammonium dichloride even at concentrations below cmc, as well as in the presence of cycloheptaamylose (β-CD). Nevertheless, the presence of both β-CD and functional detergent resulted in the diminished rate of hydrolysis of the esters relative to the individual catalysis. Through NMR study on the inclusion behavior of the detergent into the β-CD cavity, the inhibiting effect of β-CD in the hydrolysis of aryl sulfates catalyzed by the functional detergents was ascribed to the competitive inclusion of the substrate and detergent molecules into β-CD.
Computerised performance testing of data acquisition facilities

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The author describes a low-cost approach to performing automatic performance measurements on data acquisition modules and systems employed in physics research. A versatile programmable CAMAC pulse generator is described which produces accurately timed repetitive logic pulses whose width and repetition rate are set by software. The variable rate is useful in determining the performance of data acquisition systems over a wide range of data rates, while the variable width may be used in the automatic measurement of the characteristics of modules such as time-to-digital converters (TDCS). Using a time-to-amplitude converter (TAC), this width can be converted into a variable amplitude for testing analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) modules. Hardware and software aspects are described. Typical applications are discussed including automated performance measurements on a VAX 11/785 data acquisition system on a TAC/ADC combination.
FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TURNOVER INTENTION KARYAWAN PADA PT. XYZ

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of this research is to analyze and determine the influence of organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and job stress on employee turnover intention. This research was conducted at PT. XYZ located in Nambo Udik, Cikande District, Serang Regency, Banten.The research was conducted using descriptive and causality research. The population used was 73 employees and the sample used was 60 permanent employees using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques include distributing questionnaires using a Likert Scale. Based on the result of data analysis and hypothesis testing, this research shows that job satisfaction has an effect on employee turnover intentions, organizational commitment and job stress has no effect on employee turnover intentions at PT. XYZ.
Data from: Genetic diversification and dispersal of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is widely distributed in tropical and sub-tropical areas. However, its origin, diversification and dispersal remain unclear. While taro genetic diversity has been documented at the country and regional levels in Asia and the Pacific, few reports are available from Americas and Africa where it has been introduced through human migrations. We used eleven microsatellite markers to investigate the diversity and diversification of taro accessions from nineteen countries in Asia, the Pacific, Africa and America. The highest genetic diversity and number of private alleles were observed in Asian accessions, mainly from India. While taro has been diversified in Asia and the Pacific mostly via sexual reproduction, clonal reproduction with mutation appeared predominant in African and American countries investigated. Bayesian clustering revealed a first genetic group of diploids from the Asia-Pacific region and to a second diploid-triploid group mainly from India. Admixed cultivars between the two genetic pools were also found. In West Africa, most cultivars were found to have originated from India. Only one multi-locus lineage was assigned to the Asian pool, while cultivars in Madagascar originated from India and Indonesia. The South African cultivars shared lineages with Japan. The Caribbean Islands cultivars were found to have originated from the Pacific, while in Costa Rica they were from India or admixed between Indian and Asian groups. Taro dispersal in the different areas of Africa and America is thus discussed in the light of available records of voyages and settlements.
Dietary control of chronic maxillofacial pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Chronic maxillofacial pain has been treated with a therapeutic diet consisting of approximately 80% carbohydrate, 10% protein and 10%, fat content, plus 3 g supplementary tryptophan daily. Overall, the treatment has been found to be 62% effective, as measured by either elimination of pain or at least a 50%, reduction in pain intensity. Pain reduction as measured by mean pain rating scales, increased linearly with the passage of time.
Implementing a method for studying longitudinal DNA methylation variability in association with age

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Interindividual variability of DNA methylation is a mechanism of the epigenetic drift in aging. Studies on cross-sectional data have discovered a change in methylation variability in association with age. However, thus far, no method explored DNA methylation variability in longitudinal data, which was the aim of this study. First, we performed a simulation study to explore methods for estimating methylation variability in longitudinal data. Second, an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) on 1011 longitudinal samples (385 individuals followed up to 18 years) was performed to identify age-varying methylation sites using these methods. Following Breusch-Pagan test of heteroscedasticity, we showed that a linear regression model, where the residuals were used in a mixed effect model with a random intercept, properly estimated the change of interindividual variability over time. Our EWAS identified 570 CpG sites where methylation variability was significantly associated with age (P < 1.3 × 10-7). Gene regions of identified loci were enriched in nervous system development functions. In conclusion, we provide a method for analyzing methylation variability in longitudinal data and further identified age-varying methylation loci in a longitudinal analysis using these methods.
Human and Mouse Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase: Dimers and Tetramers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human and mouse hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase subunits combine to form an active heteropolymer. Dimers form the basic subunit structure of the enzymes, yet the dimers can readily associate to form tetramers. The equilibrium between dimers and tetramers is significantly influenced by the ionic strength of the enzyme solvent.
Automatic phase-shift method for islanding detection of grid-connected photovoltaic inverters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The traditional frequency-shift methods for islanding detection of grid-connected PV inverters-the active frequency drift method and the slip-mode frequency-shift method-become ineffective under certain paralleled RLC loads. The automatic phase-shift method is proposed in this paper to alleviate this problem. The method is based on the phase shift of the sinusoidal inverter output current. When the utility malfunctions, the phase-shift algorithm keeps the frequency of the inverter terminal voltage deviating until the protection circuit is triggered. Simulation and experiments are performed for verification.
A Serpentinite-Hosted Ecosystem: The Lost City Hydrothermal Field

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The serpentinite-hosted Lost City hydrothermal field is a remarkable submarine ecosystem in which geological, chemical, and biological processes are intimately interlinked. Reactions between seawater and upper mantle peridotite produce methane- and hydrogen-rich fluids, with temperatures ranging from <40° to 90°C at pH 9 to 11, and carbonate chimneys 30 to 60 meters tall. A low diversity of microorganisms related to methane-cycling Archaea thrive in the warm porous interiors of the edifices. Macrofaunal communities show a degree of species diversity at least as high as that of black smoker vent sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, but they lack the high biomasses of chemosynthetic organisms that are typical of volcanically driven systems.