jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VERMIFORM APPENDIX DURING THE PRENATAL PERIOD IN MAN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the literature, there are different data about the morphologic characteristics and variations of the appendix during the postnatal period in man, but the information about its characteristics in the prenatal period is scarce. In our study, the characteristics of the appendix in prenatal period of development were studied on the fetal material. We used the fetuses from the collection of the Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Niš, 100 of them in total, formalin-fixed, of both genders, in their second and third trimester of intrauterine development. Regarding anatomical variations, we found a missing appendix in one case and a double appendix in another. The appendical opening into the cecum was located on the inner, posterior, outer, and anterior walls of the cecum, always below the ileal opening. The origin from the inferior, lowest part of the cecum was also observed. The appendix ran in preileal, retroileal, prececal, retrocecal, and retrocolic directions. The appendix had tubular shape, with one or two bends, being rarely straight. The length of the appendix varied from very short to very long, descending from the inferior edge of the liver to the right iliac fossa. The morphologic characteristics of the appendix in fetus, observed in our study, in the literature have been described to exist in the postnatal human life as well.
CT of maxillofacial trauma.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Failure to recognize facial fractures is an important cause for later cosmetic and functional complications. Using limited preliminary plain film study in the Water's projection can usually predict the need for more sophisticated imaging and can serve as a basis for proper planning of CT examination, the procedure of choice when more sophisticated imaging is indicated. This article describes how and when to use CT, with an emphasis on which projection(s) to use for which injury.
Evaluating artificial intelligence guidelines for authorship in leading hematology journals: A cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming hematology research by improving data analysis, enhancing systematic reviews, and optimizing clinical decision-making. Despite its growing potential, AI raises concerns regarding transparency, reproducibility, and ethical standards. This study evaluates how leading hematologic medical journals address the AI integration in research through their author guidelines and policies.
Regulation of the central amygdala on intestinal motility and behavior via the lateral hypothalamus in irritable bowel syndrome model mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Impaired bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (CNS) is closely related to the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Studies in patients with IBS have also shown significant activation of the hypothalamus and amygdala. However, how neural circuits of the CNS participate in and process the emotional and intestinal disorders of IBS remains unclear. Methods The GABAergic neural pathway projecting from the central amygdala (CeA) to the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) in mice was investigated by retrograde tracking combined with fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Anxiety, depression‐like behavior, and intestinal motility were observed in the water‐immersion restraint stress group and the control group. Furthermore, the effects of the chemogenetic activation of the GABAergic neural pathway of CeA‐LHA on behavior and intestinal motility, as well as the co‐expression of orexin‐A and c‐Fos in the LHA, were explored. Key Results In our study, Fluoro‐Gold retrograde tracking combined with fluorescence immunohistochemistry showed that GABAergic neurons in the CeA were projected to the LHA. The microinjection of the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist into the LHA relieved anxiety, depression‐like behavior, and intestinal motility disorder in the IBS mice. The chemogenetic activation of GABAergic neurons in the CeA‐LHA pathway led to anxiety, depression‐like behavior, and intestinal motility disorder. In addition, GABAergic neurons in the CeA‐LHA pathway inhibited the expression of orexin‐A in the LHA, and orexin‐A was co‐expressed with GABAA receptors. Conclusions & Inferences The CeA‐LHA GABAergic pathway might participate in the occurrence and development of IBS by regulating orexin‐A neurons.
Quality of Life as a Protective Factor Against Substance Misuse Among Adults with a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Adverse Childhood Experiences, also known as ACEs, are a major public health concern. ACEs are defined as stressful or traumatic events in early life that range from parental separation to all forms of abuse and neglect, as well as household dysfunction (e.g., living in a home with substance misuse). The current body of scholarly literature shows that ACEs have long lasting effects on both physical and mental health through a person’s life. Research also illustrates a dose-response relationship between the number of ACEs and the number of risk behaviors, such as substance misuse, that a person may exhibit. Quality of life refers to a person’s self-perceived well-being and includes mental, emotional, physical, and sexual health. Quality of life, synonymous with well-being is associated with numerous health benefits including reduced risk of disease, better immune function, and increased life expectancy. This study seeks to determine if quality of life is a protective factor against substance misuse in adults who report ACEs. In line with the current body of knowledge, we hypothesize that adults within the study sample with a higher number of ACEs will exhibit higher rates of tobacco use, alcohol use, and drug use. We also hypothesize that participants with ACEs who rate a higher quality of life score will be less likely to use alcohol, tobacco, or drugs; as compared to those who rate a lower quality of life. Participants (N=766, age 18-55) were recruited through the REACH (Religion, Emotions, and Current Health) survey study. Data on ACEs will be collected from the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Questionnaire which measures the number of traumatic experiences during the first eighteen years of life. Data on substance use will be collected via the Tobacco Questionnaire dichotomously (yes or no), the AUDIT scale on alcohol use which measures the frequency and quantity of consumption, and the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) which measures drug use in the last twelve months. Quality of Life will be measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life WHOQOL-BREF. Quality of life will also be examined using two subscales, overall quality of life and perceived social support. All data was collected via self-reporting. Bivariate and multivariate analyses will be conducted using SPSS. To examine the potential moderating effect of quality of life, a hierarchical multiple regression will be conducted, specifically the simple moderation from the PROCESS macro for SPSS. We predict that those who perceive a higher quality of life, despite early life adversity, will report less frequency in alcohol, tobacco, and drug consumption. Conversely, we predict that those who perceive a lower quality of life will exhibit higher rates of health-related risk behaviors, specifically substance misuse.
Double-level Intraperiosteal Derotational Osteotomy for Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Many operative methods have been reported for the treatment of congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRUS) and their indications remain controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical, radiologic, and functional results of the 2-stage derotational osteotomy with periosteal preservation for CRUS in children. Methods: From a total of 102 children with CRUS, a retrospective evaluation of 14 consecutive patients (18 forearms) who underwent 2-stage derotational osteotomy of the distal third radius and proximal third ulna with periosteal preservation, bone segment removal, morselization and grafting and cast immobilization was performed. Children with bilateral involvement and/or pronation (>60 degrees), and substantial functional limitations in daily activities were considered candidates for surgery to obtain the desired position of 0 to 20 degrees of pronation. Electronic medical records, preoperative and postoperative clinical and radiologic examinations were reviewed. Also, functional results and parental satisfaction were assessed and statistically analyzed. Results: The median age at the time of surgery was 6.87 (5.02 to 11.22) years. The median follow-up was 38.62 (24.79 to 81.20) months. The median preoperative pronation deformity was 80 (70 to 90) degrees, while the final position was 0 (0 to 10) degrees of pronation ( P <0.01). Elbow flexion and extension showed no changes after surgery. All patients successfully achieved union at 8 (6 to 10) weeks. No complications were observed, and no patient required revision surgeries. The ability to perform daily activities improved markedly, and all patients were satisfied with the results of the surgery. Conclusions: Two-stage double-level intraperiosteal derotational osteotomy is a safe, simple, and effective procedure in children with CRUS with severe deformity and limitation in performing basic daily living activities. Functional improvement and patient satisfaction are total, and so far no complications have been reported. Level of Evidence: Level III—treatment study, retrospective comparative study.
Single Center Experience of Thiotepa, Treosulphan & Fludarabine Based Regimen in Thalassemia Major

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The only curative treatment for Thalassemia major (TM) is allogenic bone marrow transplantation. The most commonly used conditioning regimen is Busulphan, Cyclophosphamide and Anti thymocyte globulin. This has high regimen related toxicities (RRT). To minimize RRT, especially in high risk TM we studied new conditioning regimen in prospective manner. Between February 2010 - September 2011, seventeen children with β-Thalassemia major underwent Allogenic Bone Marrow Transplant at BLK Super Speciality Hospital. The median age was 12 years. (Range 2-16 yrs.). There were nine males & eight females, four patients belonged to Pesaro class II and 13 were class III. All patients received conditioning with Thiotepa 8 mg/kg on D -6, Treosulphan 14 gm/m2/day from D-5 to D-3 & Fludarabine 40 mg/m2/day from D-5 to D -2. Sixteen children were transplanted with bone marrow graft from HLA identical siblings (6/6 antigen) and one patient received bone marrow graft from mother (5/6 antigen). Mean cell doses given were: 6.36 ×106 cells /kg BW for CD34+ cells (Range 2.06 – 14.02 × 106/kg) and 7.84 × 10 8/kg /BW for mononuclear cells (Range 2.9- 17.5 ×108/kg). Two patients had ABO major mismatch, 4 had minor mismatch and 1 had bidirectional mismatch. Cyclosporine & Methotrexate was used as GVHD prophylaxis. No patient developed grade III - IV GVHD. None of them required TPN or parental analgesia. Sixteen out of seventeen patients achieved donor engraftment. Median neutrophil engraftment was achieved on D+15 (Range 11 – 17 day) and median platelet engraftment was achieved on D+21 (Range 9 to 34 days). One patient developed grade II gut GVHD. One patient expired on D+6 due to neutropenic enterocolitis, sepsis and intracranial hemorrhage. Median follow-up period was 12 months (Range 1 -20 mo). Till last follow up, all the patients who achieved engraftment are alive and transfusion independent. Thiotepa, Treosulphan & Fludarabine based regimen has acceptable toxicities with stable donor engraftment.
Pencegahan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Terhadap Perempuan Dan Anak di Desa Mojorejo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The service's goal is to promote public understanding of domestic violence prevention and build awareness among the inhabitants of Mojorejo Village. Counseling activities in the community are motivated by phenomena that occur in the community. The problem of domestic violence itself is actually a problem that often occurs in married life, but some people do not consider what they experience as an act that is wrong in the eyes of the law. Therefore, the community needs to be given an understanding of domestic violence, so that if it occurs or experiences domestic violence, the victim can take legal steps. The method used is a participatory method which is expected to play an active role in legal counseling activities in the form of; Lecture on the Socialization of Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning Domestic Violence; Legal counseling regarding the material of Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning Domestic Violence; Question and answer session about domestic violence through mediation.
Supplemental Table 2 from Differences in Serum miRNA Profiles by Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status: Implications for Developing an Equitable Ovarian Cancer Screening Test

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Table 2: Correlation between all tested socioeconomic indices and miRNA values for eight miRNA previously associated with ovarian cancer risk, among Massachusetts residents. We confined this analysis to Massachusetts residents given there were a minority of non-Massachusetts residents in the cohort, and zip code was needed to perform the correlations with various socioeconomic indices.</p>
The Identity of an Endemic Tibetan Bamboo, Arundinaria macclureana ( Gramineae, Bambusoideae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Arundinaria macclureana Bar was the first bamboo described in modem taxonomy based on Tibetan material. Since the type bears only flowering branches without critical vegetative characteristics such as rhizomes and culm-sheaths, its identity has long been doubtful. Even so, it provides the type of a newly created genus, Borinda. By checking the type specimens of A. macclureana as well as the type of Fargesia setosa T. P. Yi, which is a species only known by its vegetative state, and by collecting in the field, a conclusion is reached that these two entities are conspecific. Fargesia macclureana, a name published in less-received literature is the correct name for this endemic Tibetan bamboo, although re-evaluation of the relationships within the Thamnocalamus group is needed.
Paul and the Corinthians

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Jonathan B. Ensor revisits the scholarly consensus concerning Paul’s intermediate visit to the Corinthians between his first and second epistles. Ensor re-evaluates the textual evidence, interpreting the event through a socio-historical lens that focuses upon ancient trial by ordeal and exit in the context of communal conflict, shedding significant light upon the social behaviours involved in this event and its interpretation. Beginning with a review of relational and social-spacial dynamics and sources of conflict, Ensor then explores the politics of displacement in Graeco-Roman antiquity to analyse the relational contours of Paul’s intermediate visit to Corinth. From these insights, Ensor interprets Paul’s autobiographical narrations of apostolic ordeal and Paul’s announcement of imminent return to Corinth in 2 Corinthians. Ensor concludes that Paul, through the ordeal accounts, aimed both to reverse the judgments against him emerging from the intermediate visit, and to undermine the evaluative structure of his detractors who viewed him as impotent, illegitimate, and displaced.
Gracilaria foliifera (Forssk.) Børgesen ethanolic extract triggers apoptosis via activation of p53 expression in HepG2 cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pharmacognosy Magazine ,2019,15,61,259-263.DOI:10.4103/pm.pm_379_18Published:March 2019Type:Original Article Authors:Sasikumar Shebi, Devaraj Ezhilarasan, John Thomas, Natarajan Chandrasekaran, and Amitava Mukherjee Author(s) affiliations:Sasikumar Shebi1, Devaraj Ezhilarasan1, John Thomas2, Natarajan Chandrasekaran2, Amitava Mukherjee2 1Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India 2 for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract:Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common types of malignancy and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Gracilaria foliifera (Forssk.) Børgesen, a brown marine alga, is shown to have growth inhibitory potential against various cancer cell lines other than human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic potentials of G. foliifera in HepG2 cells. Materials and Methods: HepG2 cells were fed with culture medium supplemented with different concentrations of ethanolic extract of G. foliifera (20, 40, and 80 μg/mL). After 24 h of treatment, the cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Induction of early apoptosis was investigated by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate immunofluorescence. Induction of late apoptosis and necroptosis was investigated by annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Nuclear chromatin condensation was evaluated by Hoechst staining. p53 protein expression was analyzed using Western blotting. Results: G. foliifera treatment in HepG2 cells caused a significant cytotoxic effect. Phosphatidylserine translocation confirms the induction of early apoptosis. Analysis of late apoptosis using annexin V/PI staining showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Hoechst nuclear staining further confirms the nuclear chromatin condensation. G. foliifera treatment also induced the tumor suppressor p53 protein expressions. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that G. foliifera induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through activation of p53. Keywords:Brown marine alga, chromatin condensation, cytotoxicity, Gracilaria foliifera, hepatocellular carcinomaView:PDF (1.57 MB)
Hyperthyroidism with periodic paralysis, acropachy, pre-tibial myxoedema, transient atrial fibrillation and myopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary A case of thyrotoxicosis presenting with periodic paralysis and later complicated by acropachy, pretibial myxoedema and transient atrial fibrillation is described. This association has not been reported previously. Possible aetiological links are discussed.
Cardiac rate detection method based on the beam splitter prism

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new cardiac rate measurement method is proposed. Through the beam splitter prism, the common-path optical system of transmitting and receiving signals is achieved. By the focusing effect of the lens, the small amplitude motion artifact is inhibited and the signal-to-noise is improved. The cardiac rate is obtained based on the PhotoPlethysmoGraphy (PPG). We use LED as the light source and use photoelectric diode as the receiving tube. The LED and the photoelectric diode are on the different sides of the beam splitter prism and they form the optical system. The signal processing and display unit is composed by the signal processing circuit, data acquisition device and computer. The light emitted by the modulated LED is collimated by the lens and irradiates the measurement target through the beam splitter prism. The light reflected by the target is focused on the receiving tube through the beam splitter prism and another lens. The signal received by the photoelectric diode is processed by the analog circuit and obtained by the data acquisition device. Through the filtering and Fast Fourier Transform, the cardiac rate is achieved. We get the real time cardiac rate by the moving average method. We experiment with 30 volunteers, containing different genders and different ages. We compare the signals captured by this method to a conventional PPG signal captured concurrently from a finger. The results of the experiments are all relatively agreeable and the biggest deviation value is about 2bmp.
Testing Children for Adult-Onset Genetic Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

* Abbreviations:
AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics
APC — : adenomatous polyposis coli
BRCA1 and BRCA2 — : breast cancer–associated genes 1 and 2
FAP — : familial adenomatous polyposis
HBOC syndrome — : hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome

The Committee on Bioethics of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advises against genetic testing of children for conditions that have their onset in adulthood. They write, “Genetic testing for adult-onset conditions generally should be deferred until adulthood or until an adolescent interested in testing has developed mature decision-making capacities.”1 The Clinical Genetics Society in the United Kingdom expresses similar views, writing that “The predictive genetic testing of children…for an adult onset disorder should generally not be undertaken…until the ‘children’ request such tests for themselves, as autonomous adults.”2

Nevertheless, many parents seek genetic testing of their children, especially for situations in which a genetic disease is known to be present in the family. They may have different reasons for wanting their children tested. These requests create a dilemma for pediatricians. The dilemmas arise, in part, because not all “adult-onset” diseases are alike. Sometimes, there are interventions that may be beneficial in childhood; sometimes, parents seek the reassurance that might come with a negative test result.

When, if ever, should we accede to parents’ requests to test a child for an adult-onset condition? In this “Ethics Rounds,” we present 2 cases that illustrate the dilemma. We then ask experts in genetics and bioethics to comment on the cases and suggest the factors that pediatricians should consider when facing requests from parents for genetic testing of children.

### Case 1

A woman with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) contacted a genetic counselor to request genetic testing for her newborn infant. FAP is an autosomal-dominant, hereditary colon cancer syndrome caused by mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli ( APC ) gene. Affected individuals generally begin to develop precancerous polyps as teenagers, although some have developed polyps as early as age 7. Colon cancer is inevitable, and the average age of colon cancer diagnosis in untreated individuals is …

Address correspondence to John D. Lantos, MD, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108. E-mail: jlantos{at}cmh.edu