jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optimal Path Planning for Navigation Using a Generalized Genetic Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The International Scientific Research Organization for Science, Engineering and Technology (ISROSET) is a Non-Profit Organization; The ISROSET is dedicated to improvement in academic sectors of Science (Chemistry, Bio-chemistry, Zoology, Botany, Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Science, Bioscience, Bioinformatics, Biometrics, Biostatistics, Microbiology, Environmental Management, Medical Science, Forensic Science, Home Science, Library Science, Material Science Military Science, Physical Science, Physical Education Science, Educational Science, Fisheries, seed technology, Agriculture, Forestry Science, Mathematics, Physics, Statistics and Geology/Earth Science), Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, Commerce, Management, Economics Sociology and Social Science.
Phagocytosis of Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We report the evidence for the cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles via the phagocytosis mechanism in murine macrophage cells strongly supported by TEM and optical microscopy. Nanoparticles were prepared using several biocompatible molecules of choice (5-aminovaleric acid, l-DOPA, melatonin, and serotonin hydrochloride) as stabilizers for gold colloids. Their surface chemistry was fully characterized by UV−vis, ATR-FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, and HR-MAS <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopies, and size distribution was determined by CPS disc centrifuge and TEM. Differences in coatings were evaluated against cellular uptake, and a preferential movement of macrophages toward 5-aminovaleric acid-modified gold nanoparticles was shown, leading to the fast accumulation of nanoparticles in the cytosol.
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT OF COMPOUND FRACTURES OF TIBIA WITH ILIZAROV FIXATOR

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUNDTibia is the most frequent site of an open fracture, with incidence ranging from 49.4% to 63.2%.Their treatment, prognosis, and outcome are mainly determined by the mechanism of injury, degree of comminution, soft tissue injury and displacement.The best mode of treatment is elusive in high-energy tibial fractures.Ilizarov fixator was chosen to fix those fractures that produced high rate of complications with most conventional methods of fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study consists of 40 cases of grossly comminuted compound fracture of tibia treated using Ilizarov technique at Govt.Royapettah Hospital, Chennai from 2004 to 2008. RESULTSIn our study, all 40 cases were followed up until union.Patients were assessed for pain and functional limitations, examined for angular and rotational malalignment and range of motion.Pin tract infection occurred in 4 (10%) cases. 2 (5%) patients had an angulation of 5° at the fracture site, and 4 (10%) had shortening between 1-2 cm.Union was clinically verified by the absence of pain and motion while fully weight bearing on the tibia with the frame still attached and destabilised.Union was determined to be the time when fracture healing occurred and all forms of immobilisation or support were discontinued.Union occurred at an average of 5.3 months (3.5 to 8.5 months). CONCLUSIONIlizarov technique has a definite role in the management of fracture of tibia like open comminuted fracture, open segmental fracture and open fracture with bone loss.It reduces hospital stay, allows full functional recovery, permits early weight bearing and gives definite union.
Relationship between native and exotic plant species at multiple savannah sites

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract We tested whether the recently proposed two‐part measure of degree of invasion ( DI ) of a community relating exotic proportion of cover to exotic proportion of richness can characterize patterns of plant invasions at multiple savannah sites in Southern Africa. Regression analysis was performed on transformed data to assess how this two‐part measure of DI compares to other metrics of community invasibility. The results indicate that at the plot level, the absolute cover of exotics was not significantly related to native cover for three sites out of four assessed ( R 2 ≤ 0.17; P > 0.05). Also, at all four sites, no significant relationships were detected between native and exotic plant richness at both the 1‐m 2 and 400‐m 2 plot scales. By contrast, significant ( P < 0.05) positive linear relationships were observed between exotic proportion of richness and exotic proportion of cover at all sites ( R 2 was as high as 0.67 and 0.97 for two sites). Our results indicate that the new two‐part measure of DI is able to characterize patterns of plant invasions across plant communities in African savannahs.
Lymphadenopathy Associated With Neutralizing Anti-interferon-gamma Autoantibodies Could Have Monoclonal T-cell Proliferation Indistinguishable From Malignant Lymphoma and Treatable by Antibiotics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Early recognition of adult-onset immunodeficiency associated with neutralizing anti-interferon gamma autoantibodies (anti-IFNγ Abs) remains difficult, and misdiagnoses have been reported. Although febrile lymphadenopathy is among the most common initial manifestations of this disorder, no comprehensive clinicopathologic analysis of lymphadenopathy in patients with anti-IFNγ Abs has been reported. Here, we describe 26 lymph node biopsy specimens from 16 patients. All patients exhibited concurrent disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, and 31% received a tentative diagnosis of lymphoma at initial presentation. We found 3 distinct histomorphologic patterns: well-formed granuloma (46%), suppurative inflammation or loose histiocytic aggregates (31%), and lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD, 23%). The latter shared some of the features of malignant T-cell lymphoma, IgG4-related disease, and multicentric Castleman disease. Half of the specimens with LPD had monoclonal T cells, and 33.3% were indistinguishable from angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma as per current diagnostic criteria. All lymphadenopathy with LPD features regressed with antibiotics without administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy or immunotherapy. The median follow-up time was 4.3 years. Our study highlights the substantial challenge of distinguishing between lymphoma and other benign lymphadenopathy in the setting of neutralizing anti-IFNγ Abs. Increased vigilance and multidisciplinary discussion among clinicians and pathologists are required to achieve the most appropriate diagnosis and management.
An Implementation of On-line Well Virtual Metering of Oil Production

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Asset managers constantly seek to determine how wells are performing to assess performance of long-term strategy and to achieve expected results. For this purpose, periodic production tests are performed to measure individual flow contribution to total measured platform production in addition to other measurements, including BSW, gas-oil ratio, pressure, and temperature. Daily well production is estimated by back-allocating production measured at fiscal meters to individual wells based on the well’s production potential validated during tests. This paper presents an alternative system for measuring individual well-oil production based on a neural network and online correlation logic using data from sensors, well tests, and simulations. This system permits a closer right-time monitoring of the wells by enabling readings to be taken more frequently and by minimizing the intrinsic estimation errors that normally arise when doing back-allocation of well production based on performance of other wells. This paper describes a methodology for data selection, sensor validation analysis, modeling, online implementation, and quality control of the results. The main benefit of this implementation has been to quickly identify production deviations above or below well potential and to identify and adjust the variables that affect these deviations. The combination of high volumes of measured data that automation technology enables and historical values of testing data made it possible to implement this smart solution where data is constantly transformed into information. This information allows the engineers to analyze and associate results and transform them into events of knowledge. This methodology can be applied to any asset where time and operational constraints do not permit the testing of wells on a daily basis or where it is too expensive to justify the installation of multiphase meters and where a high level of automation is available.
A Practical Method for Determining the Corten–Dolan Exponent and Its Application to Fatigue Life Prediction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The effect of altering the orientation angle of trenched film hole on film cooling effectiveness (ƞ) is analyzed through numerical investigation. The film holes were oriented at 6 different angles viz., 0°, 30°, 45°, 90°, 135° and 180° with a fixed inclination angle 30° and with a pitch to diameter (P/D) ratio 5.The length and depth of the trench embedding the film hole are fixed at 3D and 0.75D respectively. Three different blowing ratios M=0.5, 1 and 1.5 were studied. Results from the study reveal that changing the orientation angle of film hole with in trench offered a considerable improvement on ƞ from near film hole region to far downstream location on test surface. For a low blowing ratio of 0.5, the film cooling effectiveness distribution changes with respect to film hole orientation angle and higher ƞ zones are distributed along the corresponding film hole orientation angle. The film hole oriented at 90° with respect to stream wise direction delivered highest ƞ at all three different blowing ratios due to better lateral spreading and uniform coverage of injected coolant. Except near film hole region, 30° and 45° hole orientation produced uniform lateral effectiveness compared to 0° hole orientation.
The characteristics of verb impairment in Chinese agrammatism and its mechanism

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To provide a theoretical foundation for language rehabilitation by investigating the characteristics of verb impairment in Chinese agrammatism(CA)and exploring its mechanism.Methods Fifteen CA patients and 15 normal subjects(control group)were recruited and evaluated using a standardized aphasia battery in Chinese,the Chinese agrammatism battery,a verb comprehension and production task and a short-term memory task.Results Compared with the control group,verb comprehension and production,as well as working memory were significantly damaged among the CA patients,and it was more difficult for the agrammatic aphasics to produce than to comprehend verbs(P＜0.01).Verbs with a more complex argument structure(in terms of the number and type of arguments)were more difficult for the agrammatie aphasics to produce than those with a less complex argu- ment structure.But the complexity of the argument structure did not influence the agrammatic aphasics'verb compre- hension.Conclusion The semantic entry of a verb,shared by both comprehension and production,was intact,but the verb's grammar entry was impaired.Poor working memory together with the complexity of the argument structure accounted for the impaired verb production of the agrammatic patients.
Outcomes of systemic anticoagulation with bivalirudin for Impella 5.0

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) devices are used for the management of cardiogenic shock. The Impella 5.0 (Abiomed; Danvers, MA) (IMP5) is a commonly used, surgically implanted, tMCS device that requires systemic anticoagulation and purge solution to avoid pump failure. To avoid heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) from unfractionated heparin (UFH) use, our program has explored the utility of bivalirudin (BIV) for systemic anticoagulation in IMP5. This single center, retrospective study included patients supported on IMP5 with BIV based AC. The efficacy and safety end points were recovery, bridge to left ventricular assist device (LVAD), cardiac transplant (HTX), or death as well as clinically significant bleeding, incidence of Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) use for suspected pump thrombosis, stroke, and device failure. There were 31 patients included, and 26 (84%) received BIV purge solutions. The median duration of IMP5 was 6 (IQR 4–10) days. Most patients were bridged to LVAD (39%, 12); 16% (5) were bridged to HTX, 16% (5) recovered, and 29% (9) died. One patient (3%) suffered from ischemic stroke and 12% (4) patients developed clinically significant bleeding. tPA was administered to 8 (26%) patients. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that duration of IMP5 was a significant predictor of tPA use (OR 1.28; 95% Confidence Interval 1.04–1.56). There were no cases of pump failure. Our experience highlights the feasibility of utilizing BIV for routine AC use in IMP5.
Analysis and improvements of manpower productivity in a port operation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this report is to analysis the current manpower productivity in a port operation via the study of the current manpower allocation process. The developed simulation model, build using Java Development Kit 1.7, effectively mirrored the actual manpower allocation process happening in a XYZ’s port. Propose solution such as increasing the existing numbers of manpower group and improving the overall skill level of the workforce, are being implemented and tested out in the simulation model, and the results are being tabulated and analysed. Other key factors which is affecting the current manpower productivity are also being discussed in the later chapter. The author believed that although there is no doubt that better equipment and technology will bring about better manpower productivity in the port, it is also important to relook and improve on the fundamental operations process. Hence the focus of this report is on how the current manpower allocation process affects the current manpower productivity and how this can be optimise.
Clinical presentation, histology, and prognoses of malignant melanoma in ethnic Chinese: A study of 522 consecutive cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Malignant melanoma is a rare disease in Asia, and knowledge on its characteristics and clinical outcome in Asian patients is limited. The purpose of this observational study was to determine the clinical presentation and outcome of patients with melanoma in China.A database was prospectively established for the purpose of this analysis. The elements of the database included basic demographic data of patients and prognosticators previously reported in literature, as well as follow-up data including clinical outcome after treatment. Medical record of all patients with pathologically diagnosed malignant melanoma consulted in our center since 2006 were retrieved and reviewed. No patient was excluded in this study. Statistical analyses including survival and multivariate analyses of factors associated with survival were respectively performed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model.A total of 522 consecutive and nonselected cases were evaluated. There were 218 cases (41.8%) of acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), 118 (22.6%) of mucosal melanoma (MCM), 103 (19.7%) of nodular melanoma (NM), 33 (6.3%) of superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), and others were Lentigo maligna melanoma or unclassifiable disease. The proportion of patients with clinical stage I, II, III, and IV diseases were 6.1%, 55.9%, 25.1%, and 12.8%, respectively. Among the 357 cases of cutaneous melanoma, 234 patients (65.5%) had ulceration.The 5-year overall survival rate of all 522 patients was 41.6%, and the median survival time was 3.92 years (95% CI, 3.282 to 4.558). Five-year survival rates of patients with stage I, II, III, and IV diseases were 94.1%, 44.0%, 38.4% and 4.6% respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that clinical stage and the ulceration were two significant prognosticators for OS. In addition, extent of surgery and use of adjuvant therapy were significant prognosticators for DFS in patients with non-metastatic disease after definitive treatment. Pathological subtype was not a significant prognostic factor to predict wither OS or DFS.Prognoses of patients with malignant melanoma diagnosed in China were suboptimal, and most patients were diagnosed with locally advanced disease (i.e., stage II or above). ALM and MCM are the two most commonly diagnosed pathological subtypes. Clinical staging and presence of ulceration was significantly associated with clinical outcome in terms of OS, while treatment strategy including extent of surgery and use of adjuvant therapy were significant predictors of DFS.
Self-Efficacy, Grit and Perceptions of Rural Employment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: General self-efficacy, occupational self-efficacy, and grit have a correlation with academic and practical success amongst nursing students. The role of these same characteristics during the first 18-24 months following the transition from student to nurse is poorly understood. In addition, when a nursing graduate begins to consider a career in a rural area is also remains unclear. This study sought to understand the change, if any, in general self-efficacy, occupational self-efficacy, grit, and rural employment importance that occurred during this transition period. Sample: Nurses after graduating from a three-year Bachelor of Nursing degree (n=28). Method: A follow-up study of a larger longitudinal mixed-methods cohort design used a survey to examine general self-efficacy, occupational self-efficacy, grit, and rural employment importance among novice nurses. Participants had agreed when completing the initial study as students to participate in a follow-up study 18-24-months after graduating. Findings: Occupational self-efficacy increased as the cohort transitioned from student to professional nurse, while grit was remarkably lower between final year students and novice nurses. No change in earlier measures of general self-efficacy or importance placed on rural careers were detected. Conclusions: Following graduation, new clinicians are focused on building professional identity and the development of foundational skills for practice. Clinical agencies have an opportunity to shift the balance between autonomy and support in order to harness these key characteristics in an effort to improve the longevity and progression of nursing graduates within the nursing profession. Keywords: nurses, students, novice, grit, self-efficacy, community apgar DOI: https://doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v21i2.680
Effects of Transient Conditions in Gas Reservoirs

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A simple disturbance in a gas reservoir travels with a finite velocity whichis nearly independent of the amplitude of the disturbance. As a result verycomplex transients may be set up which seriously affect observation at a well.The time of transient is much longer than commonly supposed. Introduction A change in pressure at a gas well is not propagated through the reservoirinstantaneously but with a definite finite velocity. Knowledge of the period ofthis transient is of value because:Observations of pressure and flow-rate during the transient may affectinterpretation of back-pressure tests.Interference effects between wells may be used to determine continuity offormation.Additional information concerning the physical characteristics may possiblybe deduced from the behavior of a well during the transient. Mathematical Development It will be assumed that the well is initially closed in and that thepressure is constant throughout the reservoir. As the initial disturbancepasses outward from the well it is further assumed that a logarithmic pressuredistribution is established between the most distant point reached and thewell. Conclusions The great length of time which may be involved in transients may becalculated from the appropriate constants. Thus the Monroe gas field containsareas having transient time of the order of years. This produced the anomaly ofa field effectively depleted in one portion but with virgin pressure in anothereven though both were connected. Some attempts have been made to establish or disprove continuity offormation by the observance of interference effects between wells. Althoughthis is theoretically possible and such interference effects have been observedthe observational difficulties are formidable and the probable existence ofcomplex transients further decreases the likelihood of an extensive applicationof this method. The same conclusions, even more forcibly, apply to attempts to measurereservoir constants by transient observation. T.P. 2547
Product market objectives and the formation of research joint ventures

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper we extend the existing literature on research and development (R&D) investments and research joint ventures (RJVs) in two important ways. First, we analyze and compare the case where firms collude in the product market to the benchmark case of competition in the output market. Second, we allow firms to form coalitions endogenously as a separate stage in the game. We develop profit functions that depend on the partition of firms into joint ventures and the nature of product competition between venture partners. Our results illustrate the restrictive nature of some assumptions made in the literature. Typically multiple RJVs of different sizes form in equilibrium. In general, RJVs should not be promoted if they entail product market collusion. Given the information available to policy-makers, it is unlikely that an R&D policy more refined than analyzing and allowing RJVs on a case-by-case basis is feasible. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dielectrophoretic Micropatterning with Microparticle Monolayers Covalently Linked to Glass Surfaces

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Two-dimensional micropatterns of microparticles were fabricated on glass substrates with negative dielectrophoretic force, and the patterned microparticles were covalently bound on the substrate via cross-linking agents. The line and grid patterns of microparticles were prepared using the repulsive force of negative dielectrophoresis (n-DEP). The template interdigitated microband array (IDA) electrodes (width and gap 50 mum) were incorporated into the dielectrophoretic patterning cell with a fluidic channel. The microstructures on the glass substrates with amino or sulfhydryl groups were immobilized with the cross-linking agents disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) and m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxy-succinimide ester (MBS). Diaphorase (Dp), a flavoenzyme, was selectively attached on the patterned microparticles using the maleimide groups of MBS. The enzyme activity on the patterned particles was electrochemically characterized with a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) in the presence of NADH and ferrocenylmethanol as a redox mediator. The SECM images proved that Dp was selectively immobilized onto the surface of microparticles to maintain its catalytic activity.