jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Studying the Effect of the Energy Settings of the HO-YAG Laser and the Composition of the Stones on the Fragmentation Time in vitro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Among the many in vitro lithotripsy devices, a holmium-YAG laser lithotripter has been developed to treat urinary tract stones . This research aims to show the effect of the coefficients of the Ho-YAG laser at wavelength 2100 nm on the in vitro fragmentation time and stone composition by checking the stone formation and stabilization of the energy of the pulsed holmium laser while calculating the time required to break the stone . From March 2020 to October 2020, 50 ureteral stone samples were collected from 50 patients (as a result of lithotripsy surgery <10 mm) between the ages of 10-85 years . The patient was treated in the Urology department of Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital by using a Ho-YAG laser radiation wavelength of 2.12 µw, the reaction absorption coefficient 30 cm-1, with a maximum output power of 20 watts, for a laser pulse width of 350 microseconds in an optical fiber with a diameter of 272-550 microns with a power of 0.8 - 1.2 J at 6-8 Hz. The samples obtained are selected groups of stones recovered after lithotripsy. This study showed that the average size of the stones less than 10 mm was 9.5 ± 0.7 mm for the first group of stones of the same composition (calcium oxalate monohydrate), and the mean age of the patients was 31 ± 2.82 years and the time of fragmentation ( 70 ± 1.41) sec, with a pulse energy of 0.8 J with a repetition rate of 6 Hz.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: reviews of studies in \nMalaysia, measures used, and validation of the daily record of \nseverity of problems

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is the most severe form of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). It impacts \nthe lives and productivity of women worldwide. The literature review found eight studies conducted on PMS and \nmenstruation in Malaysia. However, none of these studies focused on PMDD and reported the utilization of psychometrically valid and reliable tools in assessing it. One of the common measures used to assess PMDD is Daily \nRecord of Severity of Problems (DRSP). Items in DRSP are based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental \nDisorders, Fifth edition. Currently, there are two published studies on the validation of DRSP and its psychometric \nproperties which will be discussed in this paper. The review shows that an ongoing adaptation and validation study \nof DRSP among Malaysian is being conducted. This will contribute to the body of knowledge regarding PMDD in \nlocal settings.
Medication Wastage in a University Hospital in Japan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Medication wastage is a global issue; however, there are few reports in Japanese hospitals. The purpose of this study was to clarify the situation of medication wastage at our university hospital. We investigated the numbers, costs, reasons, occurrence departments, and involvement of high-priced medications of medication wastage for two years. We analyzed 6730 cases and the total cost was 22782027 Japanese yen (JPY). The most common reasons for medication wastage were change or discontinuation of medication after preparation and breakage or contamination due to dropping. The highest cost was expired medications. The department with the highest number of cases was the hospital wards; however, the hospital pharmacy department accounted for the majority of the costs and most of the reasons were expired medications. Medication wastage of 50000 JPY or more per case was only 1.3% of the total but accounted for 70.7% of the cost and medication wastage of 100000 JPY or more per case was only 0.7% of the total but accounted for 58.6% of the cost. These findings indicate that expired medications in the hospital pharmacy department have the largest impact on medication wastage from the viewpoint of economic loss, and suggest the need for efforts on medication management focusing on high-priced medications. The challenge of minimizing medication wastage should be addressed from the perspectives of both hospital management and the effective use of resources.
From Faults and Fluids to Mountain Belt Dynamics

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;For understanding the formation of mountain belts it is necessary to gain quantitative insights on fault and fracture mechanics on multiple scales. In particular, for addressing the role of fluids on larger processes, it is inevitable to constrain fault and fracture geometries at depth, as well as gain insights on how fluids influence fault mechanics. At least partly, the future of such analyses lies in exploiting large data sets, as well as in multi- and interdisciplinary research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this talk I will present results from variety of geological settings, including dilatant faults at Mid-Ocean Ridges, the Oman Mountains, the Khao Kwang fold-trust belt in Thailand, and the European Alps. I will show how multi-scale studies and the use of large data sets helps constraining fluid migration in mountain belts, fault geometries, as well as possible feedbacks between fluid flow and strain localization. Results are then applied to discuss the role of mechanical stratigraphy on structural style in foreland fold-thrust belts.&lt;/p&gt;
Innentitelbild: Adaptive Chemoenzymatic Microreactors Composed of Inorganic Nanoparticles and Bioinspired Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (Angew. Chem. 21/2020)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Die kontrollierte Kopplung von Phasentrennung und chemischen Reaktionen imitiert die Fähigkeit von Zellen, koordinierte Funktionen in Raum und Zeit auszuführen. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 8215 nutzen P. Arosio et al. eine Klasse bioinspirierter intrinsisch ungeordneter Proteine, um Protein-anorganische Kompartimente herzustellen, die reversible responsive Selbstorganisation mit der Fähigkeit koppeln, chemoenzymatische Reaktionen lokal auszuführen.
Survey of Meta-Heuristic Algorithms for Deep Learning Training

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep learning (DL) is a type of machine learning that mimics the thinking patterns of a human brain to learn the new abstract features automatically by deep and hierarchical layers. DL is implemented by deep neural network (DNN) which has multi-hidden layers. DNN is developed from traditional artificial neural network (ANN). However, in the training process of DL, it has certain inefficiency due to very long training time required. Meta-heuristic aims to find good or near-optimal solutions at a reasonable computational cost. In this article, meta-heuristic algorithms are reviewed, such as genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), for traditional neural network’s training and parameter optimization. Thereafter the possibilities of applying meta-heuristic algorithms on DL training and parameter optimization are discussed.
Runtime Analysis of Whole-System Provenance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Identifying the root cause and impact of a system intrusion remains a foundational challenge in computer security. Digital provenance provides a detailed history of the flow of information within a computing system, connecting suspicious events to their root causes. Although existing provenance-based auditing techniques provide value in forensic analysis, they assume that such analysis takes place only retrospectively. Such post-hoc analysis is insufficient for realtime security applications, moreover, even for forensic tasks, prior provenance collection systems exhibited poor performance and scalability, jeopardizing the timeliness of query responses. We present CamQuery, which provides inline, realtime provenance analysis, making it suitable for implementing security applications. CamQuery is a Linux Security Module that offers support for both userspace and in-kernel execution of analysis applications. We demonstrate the applicability of CamQuery to a variety of runtime security applications including data loss prevention, intrusion detection, and regulatory compliance. In evaluation, we demonstrate that CamQuery reduces the latency of realtime query mechanisms, while imposing minimal overheads on system execution. CamQuery thus enables the further deployment of provenance-based technologies to address central challenges in computer security.
Osteogenesis imperfecta: diagnosis and treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review Here we summarize the diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta, discuss newly discovered genes involved in osteogenesis imperfecta, and review the management of this disease in children and adults. Recent findings Mutations in the two genes coding for collagen type I, COL1A1 and COL1A2 , are the most common cause of osteogenesis imperfecta. In the past 10 years, defects in at least 17 other genes have been identified as responsible for osteogenesis imperfecta phenotypes, with either dominant or recessive transmission. Intravenous bisphosphonate infusions are the most widely used medical treatment. This has a marked effect on vertebra in growing children and can lead to vertebral reshaping after compression fractures. However, bisphosphonates are less effective for preventing long-bone fractures. At the moment, new therapies are under investigation. Summary Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta, more research is needed. Bisphosphonate treatment decreases long-bone fracture rates, but such fractures are still frequent. New antiresorptive and anabolic agents are being investigated but efficacy and safety of these drugs, especially in children, need to be better established before they can be used in clinical practice.
Genomics era and complex disorders

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Human Genome Project (HGP) has identified millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their association with several diseases, apart from successfully characterizing the Mendelian/monogenic diseases. However, the dissection of precise etiology of complex genetic disorders still poses a challenge for human geneticists. This review outlines the landmark results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with respect to major complex diseases - Coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and predominant cancers. A brief account on the current Indian scenario is also given. All the relevant publications till mid-2015 were accessed through web databases such as PubMed and Google. Several databases providing genetic information related to these diseases were tabulated and in particular, the list of the most significant SNPs identified through GWAS was made, which may be useful for designing studies in functional validation. Post-GWAS implications and emerging concepts such as epigenomics and pharmacogenomics were also discussed.
Development Of Collagen Thin-Film Devices For Nanofiltration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recent advances in biomedical engineering have created a demand for largescale production of micro- and nanoscale devices for biological applications. In some applications, trace components of sub-nanoliter volumes of biological fluid mixtures must be identified, isolated, and analyzed. In others, a surface amenable to cell growth at specific positions is required. A porous, biocompatible coating, lithographically patternable by processes compatible with semiconductor processing, is desirable for both applications. Collagen thin films were investigated as a potential coating. To demonstrate biocompatibility, astrocytes were successfully cultured on collagen films on silicon nitride. Lithographic patternability was proven by generating 25 micron features via a novel direct liftoff technique. Unpatterned free standing collagen films, 50 nm thick and several square centimeters in area, were also created. For filtration applications, collagen films require a supporting substrate. Several materials were evaluated according to their ease of processing, microfluidic integrability, substrate permeability, and collagen adhesion to the surface while spanning holes in the substrate without tearing. Silicon nitride, polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and alumina all met the first two criteria. Alumina clearly outperformed the other substrates on the latter two criteria, and thus was selected for further characterizations. Several physical, chemical, and performance properties were evaluated of the collagen-on-alumina membranes at depositions ranging from one to nine layers. FTIR spectra consistent with the presence of collagen were qualitatively similar at all coverages. As coverage increased, SEM and AFM indicated a gradual change from mainly monomer to fibril-on-monomer film structures. Surface roughness was independent of coverage in monomeric films, and proportional to coverage in fibrillar films. The water contact angle decreased at higher coverages, likely due to increased roughness. Zeta potential decreased at increasing coverage, indicating a reduced positive surface charge, and lower likelihood of fouling. The transmembrane pure water flux and permeability were measured under typical industrial pressures. Collagen-on-sulfonated alumina films displayed good stability, and permeability inversely proportional to collagen coverage within a commercially useful ultrafiltration range. The measured flux and permeability could be explained in terms of the membrane structure. Collagen-on-alumina membranes are thus likely to prove suitable for biomolecular separations.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Method Using Perturb and Observe Algorithm for Small Scale DC Voltage Converter

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The photovoltaic technology has been focused as one of the alternative renewable energy resources, the difficulty occurs from the amount of power generated from the panel varies with the solar irradiation reflected. In order to enhance the efficiency and increase the commercial, mainly the DC-DC buck converter circuit including with the Perturb and Observed maximum power point tracking were implemented for controlling the operation to let the system operated at maximum power. The converter's switching was improved by implemented gate-driver circuit implemented using the Opto-coupler. For the solution, the maximum power point tracking was performed using PIC18F46K20 controller detected the voltage and current using the sensors built from voltage divider and instrumental amplifier circuits. Results show the algorithm could be able to keep the voltage to be constant at the target of 10 V with the average accuracy of 94.96% in for tracking the maximum power according to the demand load voltage.
Talk, thinking and philosophy in the primary classroom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lenguaje, pensamiento y filosofía son componentes fundamentales del aprendizaje de los niños. El manual comienza preguntando cómo puede el maestro proporcionar a los niños la oportunidad de desarrollar sus habilidades en estas áreas, por qué se deben enseñar y se examinan los enfoques actuales en este ámbito. Profundiza cómo los profesores pueden desarrollarlos en las seis áreas del aprendizaje para ayudar a los niños a adquirir y profundizar el entendimiento. Ofrece una introducción práctica a una serie de orientaciones para el aula.
Neutrosophic projective G-submodules

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A signicant area of module theory is the concept of free modules, projective modules and injective modules. The goal of this study is to characterize the projective G-modules under a single-valued neutrosophic set. So we dene neutrosophic G-submodule as a generic version of projective G-submodule. It also describes and derives fundamental algebraic properties including quotient space and direct sum of neutrosophic projective G-submodules
ANTI-RESONANCES OF TUNNELING THROUGH A QUANTUM WIRE WITH SIDE-COUPLED QUANTUM DOTS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the transport properties of electrons in a quantum wire with side-coupled quantum dots in Coulomb blockade regime by the use of the equivalent single-particle multi-channel network and Landauer formula. At low temperatures the calculated dependence of the conductance on the gate voltage of dots exhibits two dips, indicating the destructive interference of the wave directly transmitted through the wire and the wave reflected from the dots. In a wire with more than one side-coupled dots the suppression of conductance is a simple summation of the effects of scattering of all the dots. The possibility of fabricating tunable switch devices by using such structures is discussed.
Passenger Car Seating Loads; A Human Factors Engineering Problem

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In operating a motor vehicle, human beings exert a variety of different forces on the seats of their vehicles. The magnitude and nature (i.e., static or cyclic) of these forces are dependent on human factors (e.g., physical characteristics of seat occupants (height, weight, occupant behavior, etc.), vehicle factors (e.g., seat design and overall vehicle seating package) and combinations of human and vehicle factors (i.e., the manner in which the vehicle is used). The purpose of this paper is to discuss methods that can be used to measure the forces that occupants exert on seats for a number of operating conditions and special events.</div>
How are C, N, and P Distributed in Soils of the Caatinga Dryforest?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Soil nutrients play a fundamental role in terrestrial ecosystems and are essential for understanding the effects of global changes. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus are required in specific quantities by plants and are related to soil fertility. In the Caatinga, one of the largest and most diverse tropical dry forests in the world, there are still some studies that seek to understand the determinants of the spatial variability of organic carbon (OC), N, and P in the soil and, even fewer, those that explored the use of ML modeling. In this work, we predict the spatial variability of the properties of these elements at depths between 0 and 20 cm in this biome and evaluate the predictive capacity of environmental and geographic variables. We used the Random Forest model in Google Earth Engine to forecast maps with a spatial resolution of 30 m. The highest result was obtained for predicting P (LCCC of 0.32 and R2 of 0.25), followed by OC (LCCC of 0.25 and R2 of 0.17), N (LCCC of 0.21 and R2 of 0.12) and C/N ratio (LCCC of 0.14 and R2 of 0.10). The final maps showed good spatial consistency, with OC, N, C/N distributed according to climatic covariates, topographic data, and geographic regions (longitude and latitude). The P content varies mainly depending on the parent material in the soil. We highlight the relevance of ecotones, which recorded the highest average levels of C and N and C/N, demonstrating the importance of these areas for the maintenance and dynamics of these ecosystems.
Symptoms and interrelationships of macro and micronutrients available for soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nutrients have differences in their functions as metabolic and structural constituents in plant organs. The specific identification of the symptoms of excess or deficiency of nutrients is essential for the correct management to be carried out in order to avoid production losses. In this context, this research aimed to evaluate the symptoms of deficiency and excess of nutrients in soybean. The experiment was carried out on a bench, with 3-liter containers, in which uniformly germinated seedlings were selected for implantation. Initially, the seedlings were subjected to a complete nutrient solution to allow for a uniform and unrestricted initial development over a period of one week. Then, the plants were subjected to solutions with twice as much nutrient, absence of nutrients, complete solution and nutrient restriction, individual omissions resulted in morphological changes, which translated into visual symptoms characteristic of the nutritional deficiency of the respective nutrient. The solution with twice the nutrient concentration of the complete solution showed an increase in the absorption of N, Mg, K and Fe, for Cu it was twice the absorption and for Zn five times more. There was a decrease in the absorption of Ca and Mn and, with that, it is concluded that the availability of twice as many nutrients did not result in double their absorption.
Tasmannia lanceolata leaf extract alleviates stretch mark appearance in a randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial in women and stimulates extracellular matrix synthesis in ex vivo human skin explants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The leaves of Tasmannia lanceolata mainly contain polygodial that is known to exhibit a range of biological functions including anti‐inflammatory effects. Aims These studies aimed to assess the effects of Tasmannia lanceolata extract (TLE) on skin and more particularly on stretch marks in women. Patients/Methods A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical study was carried out on 29 women, aged from 25 to 60 years, to investigate the effects of TLE on stabilized stretch marks. TLE and placebo products were topically applied daily for 8 weeks. Skin roughness and firmness of stretch marks were assessed by 2D and 3D photograph processing and analyses. Dermal density and thickness were evaluated using ultrasound, while stretch mark conditions (length, color, and depth) were determined by clinical scoring. Matricial proteins (pro‐collagen I and elastin) and pro‐matricial factors, like TGF‐β concentrations, were quantified from cultures of human skin explants presenting stretch marks, treated with TLE or vehicle control. Results Skin roughness of stretch marks was significantly reduced in the TLE group after 8 weeks of treatment. Skin firmness of stretch marks was significantly increased in the TLE group after 4 weeks of treatment, and this improved effect was maintained until the end of the study. Dermal density and thickness were significantly increased in the TLE group compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, TLE restored the dermal condition of the stretch mark skin, up to normal skin levels. In addition, pro‐collagen I and elastin concentrations were found to be higher in the TLE‐treated stretch mark skin explants compared to the untreated ones, associated with higher quantities of TGF‐β production. Conclusion These results revealed that TLE could help improve the aspect of stabilized stretch marks in women by restoring the matricial environment.