jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
418 The Management of Distal Radius Fractures in Adults with A Removable Soft Cast During the Peak Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: Patient Reported Outcomes And Experiences

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Immobilisation tools for non-operative management of distal radius fractures (DRFs) in adults, include plaster casts, orthotic splints, and recently removable soft cast as per the BOAST COVID-19 guidelines. Limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of removable soft casts in adults with DRFs. We assessed patient reported functional outcomes and experiences of adults with DRFs managed non-operatively in a removable soft cast during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method We retrospectively reviewed adults with DRFs, treated with a removable soft cast for 6 weeks between 9th April 2020 and 18th May 2020. Functional scores - Disabilities of the Arms, Shoulders and Hands (DASH) and a 7-question Patient Reported Experience Questionnaire (PREQ) were conducted at 6 weeks, along with a record of complications. A DASH score of &lt; 25 was deemed a satisfactory functional score. Results 34 patients formed our cohort, with a 65% (22patients) completion rate, mean age of 69years. 82% had a DASH score &lt; 25 and 18% had a DASH score &gt; 25 at 6 weeks. 86% reported satisfactory comfort in the PREQ with 14% reporting discomfort. Two patients re-attended hospital with soft cast related problems. Conclusions Most adults with DRFs managed in a removable soft cast reported good early functional outcomes, satisfactory experiences, and no clinic visits at 6weeks.
Perspectives of Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus for the control of insect‑pests in tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]: opportunities and challenges

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Injudicious and indiscriminate use of toxic chemicals in tea deteriorates the plant, soil, and environment and escalates maximum residue limits (MRLs) in the end products. This requires for the adoption of safe, eco-friendly and non-chemical sustainable alternatives in tea. Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus that displayed high potential for control ling a wide range of tea pests, including the old looper Biston (= Buzura) suppressaria and the emerging looper Hyposidra talaca, as well as the red spider mite (Oligonychus coffeae) and the tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora). The purpose of this review is to broaden our understanding of B. bassiana-mediated pest control in tea and its action mechanisms in crop protection. This fungal species is known to produce a wide variety of mycotoxins and enzymes in its spores that kill or inhibit the metabolic activity of pests. Numerous environmental and physiological factors, such as moisture, pH, humid ity, temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and fungal spore load (colony forming unit/ml), spore viability, enzyme types in action, host plant chemistry and interactions, insect host species, and insect life stages, can speed up or slow down the microbial-mediated pest interaction in plants. The development of the fungus, sporulation, and multiplication within the host are all influenced by prevailing weather conditions and climate change. Studies on entomopathogen compatibility with tea agrochemicals are critical for optimal field application and adoption of suitable integrated pest management (IPM) schedules. Understanding the physiological, genetic, and molecular perspectives of entomopathogenesis and recent develop ments to improve mycoinfection could provide novel insights to enhance B. bassiana-mediated pest management in tea. Key steps for quality product formulations and their significance for future sustainability in tea include registering and patenting of biopesticides, mass production, and commercialisation of quality strains.
Respiration and Growth Defects in Transmitochondrial Cell Lines Carrying the 11778 Mutation Associated with Leber’s Hereditary

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mitochondrial DNA from two genetically unrelated patients carrying the mutation at position 11778 that causes Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy has been transferred with mitochondria into human mtDNA-less � 0 206 cells. As analyzed in several transmitochondrial cell lines thus obtained, the mutation, which is in the gene encoding subunit ND4 of the respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (ND), did not affect the synthesis, size, or stability of ND4, nor its incorporation into the enzyme complex. However, NADH dehydrogenasedependent respiration, as measured in digitonin-permeabilized cells, was specifically decreased by approximately 40 % in cells carrying the mutation. This decrease, which was significant at the 99.99 % confidence level, was correlated with a significantly reduced ability
<title>Optical MSD symbolic substitution system based on a higher ordered rule</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The advantages provided by Photonic Computing has been well documented. An Optical arithmetic processor has to take full advantage of the massive parallelism in optical signals. Such a processor, using the Modified - Signed - Digit (MSD) number . (i) representation, has been presented here based (2) on the symbolic substitution 1ogi. The higher order symbolic substitution rules are formulated for the addition operation, which is carried out in just two steps. Based on the addition operation, the other arithmetic operations - subtraction, multiplication and division - are implemented. Finally, the usefulness of this MSD system is studied.
Mitochondrial changes during vitellogenesis in oocytes of Exopalaemon modestus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To elucidate the morphological mechanisms of vitellogenesis of caridean shrimp Exopalaemon modestus,electron microscopic technique was used.During the whole process of oogenesis,dramatic changes including numbers and structure of mitochondria occurred in the oocyte cytoplasm.At the early stage of vitellogenesis,the number of mitochondria in oocyte cytoplasm increased rapidly,and the shapes of mitochondria are ellipsoid and oval.The number of cristae in the mitochondria is small.A lot of typical ellipsoid mitochondria appeared later at this stage,and the number of cristae is increased.The outer membranes of mitochondria are smooth.The observation on continuous sections shows that mitochondria do not participate in the vitellogenesis at this stage.At mid-stage of vitellogenesis,there are two groups of mitochondria.In one of the types,the mitochondria are long-stick-like or ellipsoid with small volumes.They are rich of cristae,and the matrix in the mitochondria is dark.The outer membrane is smooth.The principal function of mitochondria at this stage is to supply energy.In the second type,the mitochondria are spherical or globular in shape,the cristae gradually disappeared,and the inner matrix is electron-transparent.The outer membrane is wave-like in shape.The inner membranes of this type of mitochondria participate in vitellogenesis directly by endocytosis.Membranous vesicles include those from Golgi apparatus,endoplasmic reticulum and even from small mitochondria.Meanwhile,exogenous vitellogenesis occurs by forming a lot of endocytosis vesicles.Exogenous pre-yolk materials were transported into oocyte.These pre-yolk materials were transported to Golgi apparatus and were modified there.Mature yolk materials were excreted by Golgi body.Most yolk was accumulated by endocytosis of oocyte.At late stage of vitellogenesis,typical mitochondria can only be seen in the cortex,and then disappeared.Yolk granules began to fuse later.The oocyte cytoplasm is full of yolk.No typical mitochondria was observed.
Comparison of Clomiphene Citrate plus Metformin and Clomiphene Citrate Alone On Induction of Ovulation in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Randomised Double Blind Clinical Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The symptoms and indicators of PCOS are brought on by a prevalent metabolic and reproductive condition that affects women. Worldwide, it is thought to affect 4% of women who are childbearing age; however, in populations where the risk is higher, other sources suggest that the number is closer to 10%. The purpose of the study is to ascertain and compare, in PCOS patients, the rates of ovulation, regularization of the menstrual cycle, and pregnancy by using a combination of clomiphene citrate and metformin as well as clomiphene citrate alone. Methods: A total of 110 patients, 55 in each group, who were diagnosed with PCOS and had primary subfertility and were between the ages of 18 to 40 were chosen between June 2023 and November 2023. Folliculometry was used to identify the main result, or the incidence of ovulation. The regularization of the menstrual cycle and the rates of pregnancy were considered secondary outcomes that were compared between the two groups. Results: The third cycle of ovulation induction was when overall ovulation was determined to be highest, occurring in each group at 48.8% and 41%, respectively. When clomiphene citrate and metformin were given together, group A primary outcome was considerably greater (83.3%) than when clomiphene citrate was given alone (65.9%). In the group receiving metformin with CC, the secondary outcomes were much higher (89.6%). The first group had a greater pregnancy rate 33.3% than the second group (20.5%). Conclusion: In the present study, two groups received different dosages of clomiphene citrate: one had it in combination with metformin, while the other received it only for the purpose of inducing ovulation. It was discovered that inducing ovulation in PCOS-affected women with a combination of clomiphene citrate and metformin was superior to using clomiphene citrate alone.
The Properties of Clay Minerals in Soil Particles from Two Ultisols, China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Soil aggregates consist of sand, silt, and clay size particles. Many of the clay size particles in soils are clay minerals, which actively influence soil behavior. The properties of clay minerals may change significantly as soil particle size decreases to the nanoscale; however, little information is available about these properties for the Ultisols in China. In the present study, the clay mineral components and structural characteristics of four particle-size fractions ( i.e. , <2000, 450–2000, 100–450, and 25–100 nm) of two Ultisol samples (Ult-1 and Ult-2) were investigated using elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. The molar SiO 2 to Al 2 O 3 ratios were lower in the nanoscale particle-size fraction (25–100 nm) than in the 450–2000 and <2000 nm fractions. This indicates greater desilicification and allitization of the smaller Ultisol particles. Furthermore, the Fe oxide and Al oxide contents increased and reached a maximum level in the 25–100 nm fraction of the two Ultisols. Goethite was mainly found in the 100–450 nm and 25–100 nm fractions. The dominant clay minerals in the Ultisol 25–100 nm fraction were kaolinite and illite with a small amount of a hydroxy-interlayered mineral in Ult-1 and gibbsite in Ult-2. The kaolinite crystallinity decreased as particle size decreased. The low crystallinity of the kaolinite in the A horizon 25–100 nm fraction was attributed to a reduction in the thickness of coherent scattering domains, as well as to decreases in OH groups and the dimensions of octahedral AlO 6 sheets. A determination of the chemical and mineralogic properties of the different size fractions of the Ultisols is important to understand the desilicification and Al and Fe oxide enrichment mechanisms during soil formation. The significance of these results can help to reveal the nanoscale transformations of clay minerals. Analysis of clay mineral compositions in nanoparticles can provide the additional data needed to understand the adsorption and mobility of nutrients and pollutants.
A new genus and species of cardinalfish (Percomorpha, Apogonidae, Sphaeramiini) from the coastal waters of Vietnam: luminescent or not?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Fraser, Thomas H., Prokofiev, Artem M. (2016): A new genus and species of cardinalfish (Percomorpha, Apogonidae, Sphaeramiini) from the coastal waters of Vietnam: luminescent or not? Zootaxa 4144 (2): 227-242, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4144.2.5
The impact of a community leadership academy in a midwestern county on graduates' attitudes and behavior toward community trusteeship

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This qualitative case study was designed to investigate how graduates of a community leadership academy changed their attitudes and behaviors toward community trusteeship and changed their level of community involvement. The research was intended to determine whether participation in a community leadership academy builds in graduates an awareness of community issues, develops leadership skills and creates an understanding of the value of community trusteeship resulting in an increase in community involvement.\nThe findings of the study were based on a sample of graduates who did or did not perceive any change following participation. Data collection techniques included a participant information form to gather baseline information about the participants, a community involvement form to prompt personal reflection about the leadership academy and personal interviews of twelve individuals to determine whether they experienced any change in their attitude and behavior towards community trusteeship.\nThis research may be of interest to individuals and organizations that sponsor, plan and instruct for these leadership academies as well as for future participants and their employers or sponsors. Nationally, there are over 600 similar leadership academies with over I 0,000 graduates per year. Tuition for these leadership academies varies from a nominal amount to over $2,000 per person.
Apologizing in Chilean Spanish and Australian English

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Several studies across languages (Cohen and Olshtain, 1981; Olshtain, 1983; Trosborg, 1987; Holmes, 1989) investigated the different social and contextual factors that influence native speakers to select one or a group of “semantic formula(s)” (Fraser, 1981) in the act of apologizing. Nevertheless the literature is still in its infancy (Fraser, 1981 and Holmes, 1989) in respect to the gender differences between speaker (apologizer) and hearer (recipient), and in the comparison between Spanish and English. This paper aims to investigate the strategies and the semantic formulas that Chilean Spanish and Australian English native speakers use in the act of apologizing. A role play eliciting an apology was carried out in the participants’ mother tongue. Twenty two Chileans (twelve females and ten males) who had lived for not more than three years in Australia and twenty Australians (ten males and ten females) who, like the Chileans, varied in age from 17 to 30 were the informants in this study. Results show that Chilean and Australian cultural values were reflected in the act of apologizing. Chileans in comparison to Australians make less use of the apology strategy “explicit expression of apology”. Nevertheless they appear to give more explanations than Australians in the act of apologizing. Differences were also found in both languages in the use of “speaker and hearer oriented apologies” and in the use of some strategies and intensifiers, in which the addressee’s gender played an important role in both languages.
PENGARUH RASIO PROFITABILITAS DAN RASIO AKTIVITAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN LABA PADA PT GUDANG GARAM TBK PERIODE TAHUN 2013-2022

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research aims to determine the effect of the Profitability Ratio proxied by Net Profit Margin and the Activity Ratio proxied by Total Asset Turnover on PT Gudang Garam Tbk's Profit Growth, both partially and simultaneously. The population chosen was the financial report of PT Gudang Garam Tbk, with the sample used being the financial position report and profit and loss report for the 2013-2022 period. This research uses a quantitative approach and documentation data collection techniques. The analytical methods used are Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. Based on partial research results using the t test, it was concluded that Net Profit Margin had a significant effect on Profit Growth with a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05. Meanwhile, Total Asset Turnover has no significant effect on Profit Growth with a significance value of 0.413 > 0.05. Simultaneous test results (F test) show that Net Profit Margin and Total Asset Turnover together have a significant effect on Profit Growth with a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05 with an F_count value of 21.160 > F_table 4.74.
Shopping for Old and New Wine

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

With this rejoinder, we address some of the concerns and questions raised by Ridley and Mollen (2012) and Hill (2012). Specially, we reflect upon Ridley and Mollen’s commentary about whether the three theories in this major contribution can be deemed emergent or whether they are simply old thought in new packages. We also address Hill’s question regarding the theories chosen and her concerns about why so few counseling psychologists are involved in creating theories. Finally, in response to these thoughtful commentaries, we also briefly discuss our views on theory building and scientific development in the field of counseling psychology.
Design and developement of aquatic locomotion on robotic fish

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Various research projects have been conducted to create efficient, maneuverable, and environmentally friendly underwater propulsion systems. Adapting designs from the nature, this bio-mimetic mechatronics project aimed to develop a robotic shark with pectoral, caudal and dorsal fins which are most essential in the propulsion of a real shark. This project emphasized greatly on the design and development of the robotic shark. The caudal fin, the main propulsion unit, was inspired by the quick return mechanism; the slow and fast strokes of each cycle mimicked the flapping motion of the undulating shark’s tail. Studies on the shark’s motion were extensively performed. One finding discovered that the dorsal fin contributes to its overall propulsion. All these motions were programed to give the robotic shark a realistic motion. In our project, the different configurations and their impact on the total amount of thrust generated by the robot were investigated. It could be deduced that dorsal fin movement provided much lift force to counter the downward force due to gravity. Nevertheless, further studies have to be conducted to enhance the aesthetic and hydrodynamics of the robotic shark. The addition of sensors will allow the robotic shark to swim autonomously.
Effects of a Mandibular Lateral Shift on the Condyle and Mandibular Bone in Growing Rats

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: To examine the effects of mandibular lateral shift on the growth and morphology of the condyle and mandibular bone in growing rats. Materials and Methods: A maxillary resin plate was designed to displace 4-week-old rat mandibles 2 mm to the left during closure. The plate was cemented, and the rats were killed after 2, 4, 8, or 12 weeks. Gross dimensions of the condylar head were measured. Radiographic films of the mandibles were exposed, and selected measurements were made. The newly formed bone in the condyle was evaluated with periodic acid and Schiff's reagent (PAS) staining. Results: The length of the condylar head was greater on the ipsilateral side compared with the contralateral side. The experimental rats developed an asymmetric mandible, shorter in horizontal dimension but longer in the vertical dimension on the ipsilateral side. The mandibular growth direction was also affected, with the mandible on the ipsilateral side growing in a more anterior and superior direction. The amount of newly formed bone was greater in the superior subchondral region but lower in the posterior subchondral region on the ipsilateral side compared with the contralateral side. Conclusions: Mechanical stimuli delivered by a functional shift produce a series of morphological and histological responses in the condyle and lead to condylar and mandibular asymmetry in rats.
Comparison of 18 rootstocks for apple tree cv. "Elise" in V planting system

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was set up on a fertile alluvial soil, at the Warsaw-Wilanów Experimental Station, Central Poland, in spring of 2000. Apple trees of cv. ‘Elise’ were planted on 18 rootstocks of different origin and grew in “V” planting system. Different rootstocks were classified into three groups, depending on expected tree vigour: semi-dwarfing (P 14, P 60, B.396 and M.26), dwarfing (B.9, B.146, P 2, P 59 and seven subclones of M.9 – EMLA, Burgmer 984 & 751, T339, Pajam 1, Pajam 2, RN29) and superdwarfing (M.27, P 16, PB-4). Trees on rootstocks assumed as semi-dwarfing were spaced at a distance of 3.8 × 1.0 m, on dwarfing – at a distance of 3.5 × 0.7 m and on superdwarfing – at a distance of 3.2 × 0.5 m. The trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) after 6 years on semi-dwarfing rootstocks was the greatest on P 14; vigour of trees on other rootstocks was similar. The cumulative yield per tree (2001-2005) was the lowest on M.26. Fruit size did not depend on the rootstock. The cropping efficiency coefficient (CEC) was the highest of trees on B.396 and the lowest – on P 14. On rootstocks considered as dwarfing, TCSA after six years was the smallest on P 59 and the largest on M.9 EMLA; vigour of trees on other subclones of M.9 was smaller and similar. The lowest cumulative yield per tree was obtained on P 59 and the highest – on M.9 751, M.9 984 and M.9 EMLA. Fruit size was similar and did not depend on rootstock. The CEC was the highest on P 59. On superdwarfing rootstock trees on PB... [to full text]
Hierarchy of equations of motion for nonlinear coherent excitations applied to magnetic vortices

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The shape of a solitonlike excitation in a nonintegrable system generally depends on the velocity and all higher-order time derivatives of the position $X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}$ of the excitation. Using a sequence of generalized traveling-wave Ans\"atze we derive a hierarchy of equations of motion for $X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}$. The type of excitation determines on which levels the hierarchy can be truncated consistently: ``Gyrotropic'' excitations are governed by odd-order equations, nongyrotropic ones by even-order equations. Examples for the latter case are kinks in one-dimensional models and planar vortices of the two-dimensional anisotropic (easy-plane) Heisenberg model. The nonplanar vortices of this model are the simplest gyrotropic example. For this last case we solve the Hamilton equations for a finite system with one vortex and free boundary conditions and calculate the parameters of the third-order equation of motion. This equation yields trajectories which are a superposition of two cycloids with different frequencies, which is in full agreement with computer simulations of the full many-spin model. Finally we demonstrate that the additional effects from the fifth-order equation are negligible.
Determination of (Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cr) Concentration in Sardinella melanura (Cuvier, 1829) from Balochistan coast, Pakistan

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Total (36) samples ofSardinella melanura fish werecollected from Balochistan coast during Pre-monsoon, Mon-soon, and Post-monsson(from January 2006 to December 2006). The highest Fe (456), Mn (5.95), Cd(1.24), Pb (1.49), Cr (1.38) were found in liver of fish in µg/g. Althoughmuscles showed the lowest metal levels, livers showed the higher metal levelsin all season of the year.