jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Usage of Stochastic and Multicriteria Decision-Aid Methods Evaluating Geothermal Energy Exploitation Projects

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study is based on three main questions about the utilization of geothermal energy. The first question is how much heat energy the geothermal resource contains? The second one is what the utilization alternatives are for this resource? And the last question is according to which criteria the scenarios formed by integration of the selected utilization alternatives in specified proportions could be assessed, and what the alternative schema obtained could be like? The method of forming a model by simulations, which is developed as an approach to the solutions of the problems that contain uncertain parameters, like what the heating capacities of the reservoirs are, is used in this study. A model is formed with parameters of the heating capacity of Balçova Geothermal Field by employing Monte Carlo Simulation Technique. Here the aim is to find the amount of the heating energy that could be exploited by sustainable way from the resource. Efforts are given to form the amount of this energy by the help of cumulative probability distribution of the model. It is emphasized what the estimated heating reserve and the alternatives that could be locally utilized. Here, parameters such as the enthalpy of the geothermal resource, content of the fluid, volume of the geothermal field, pattern of the settlement in the field, ability of the soil, topography and structure of the labor etc. should be considered in the light of reconnaissance and exploration studies done in the geothermal field. From the assessment done for Balçova, it is concluded that geothermal resource could be utilized for heating of the dwellings, greenhouse agriculture, thermal tourism and dehydration of fruit and vegetable. Having determined the utilization schema of the geothermal resource, the issue of the assessment of the scenarios, which will be formed from these alternatives, comes up. Here begins the decision making process with a political aspect. By determining the criteria that will be considered while selecting the scenarios, and by determining the relative weights of this criteria, an order which shows the desired situation between the scenarios could be obtained. In this study, the scenarios formed in Balçova are assessed by the help of PROMETHEE method .one of the Multicriteria Decision aid Technique. As a result, it is seen that in Balçova tourism related scenarios stand out because of their superiority in employment created and Tons of Petroleum Equivalent energy values.
The Elements of the Orthogonal Group Ω (V) as Products of Commutators of Symmetries

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We will assume throughout thatFis a field of characteristic char F≠2 and thatVis a non-degenerate quadratic space overFof finite dimension dim V=n. The orthogonal group ofVis denotedOn(V) and Ωn(V) is its commutator subgroup. John Hsia, in reference to the classical fact that every element of Ωn(V) is a product of commutators of symmetries, asked the following very basic question: ForFa local field, does there exist a boundk, depending only onn, such that every element of Ωn(V) is a product ofksuch commutators or fewer? A corollary of the results of this article answers this question completely for a non-dyadicF: Every element in Ωn(V) is a product of [n/2] such commutators, except for a “handful” of elements which can be listed (all are certain types of involutions whenn≥6), where [n/2]+1 factors are required. (See Theorem 4.) Of course, Hsia's question can be asked for anyF, and most of the analysis is carried out in the more general context.
The impact of a cognitive behavioral self-control program on behaviors of children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Medication and psychotherapy have been used traditionally to treat the symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The purpose of this research was to evaluate the use of a cognitive behavioural self-control program, Orlick's (1998) Positive-Living Skills (PLS) program on three male children ages 8 to 9-years-old with ADHD. The PLS program teaches children skills including relaxation, focus and distraction control. A multiple case study method was administered to determine (a) whether the participants enjoyed the PLS programs; (b) the extent to which the skills were implemented by the children on a daily basis; and (c) the effectiveness of the skills in facilitating self-control behaviour management by the participants. Results indicated that the participants learned relaxation, focus and distraction control skills to manage ADHD behaviours. Two of the three participants were able to generalize the skills to daily life, and the third participant found the skills worked for him, but that he sometimes had difficulty applying the skills independently.
Features of the Relationship between Electrical and Radar Parameters of Thunderclouds in India (Field Studies)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The analysis of field observations of thunderclouds in India is provided. The characteristics of the cloud collection obtained from the radar and lightning detection network in the area of the city of Aurangabad (the Maharashtra province, India) are considered. The maximum radar reflectivity of thunderstorm cells, the volume of the supercooled part above the 0°C isotherm, the intensity and precipitation flux, and the frequency of electric discharges are obtained. It is shown that the frequency of electric discharges is linked with some radar parameters of thunderclouds, and this relationship depends on the stage of cloud development. Comparative field data for other regions are given.
CCL21 Chemokine Therapy for Lung Cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lung cancer remains a challenging health problem with more than 1.1 million deaths worldwide annually. With current therapy, the long term survival for the majority of lung cancer patients remains low, thus new therapeutic strategies are needed. One such strategy would be to develop immune therapy for lung cancer. Immune approaches remain attractive because although surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy alone or in combination produce response rates in all histological types of lung cancer, relapse is frequent. Strategies that harness the immune system to react against tumors can be integrated with existing forms of therapy for optimal responses toward this devastating disease. Both antigen presenting cell (APC) and T cell activities are reduced in the lung tumor microenvironment. In this review we discuss our experience with efforts to restore host APC and T cell activities in the lung cancer microenvironment by intratumoral administration of dendritic cells (DC) expressing the CCR7 receptor ligand CCL21 (secondary lymphoid chemokine, SLC). Based on the results demonstrating that CCL21 is an effective anti cancer agent in the pre-clinical lung tumor model systems, a phase I clinical trial was initiated using intratumoral injection of CCL21 gene modified autologous DC in lung cancer. Results from the trial thus far indicate tolerability, immune enhancement and tumor shrinkage via this approach.
Impact of intracranial hypertension and cerebral perfusion pressure on spreading depolarization

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Spreading depolarization (SD) develops after stroke and traumatic brain injury and may contribute to secondary brain damage. These diseases are often accompanied by intracranial hypertension, but little is known about the effects of intracranial pressure (ICP) on SD. Here, we study the effect of increased ICP on hemodynamic and metabolic response to SD in rats. SDs were triggered at different ICPs and cerebral perfusion pressures (CPP). The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), partial pressure of brain tissue oxygen (PbtO 2 ), cerebral extracellular glucose and lactate concentrations were recorded. Fluoro-Jade staining was used to quantify neuronal injury in cortex. At high ICP (50 mmHg) with low CPP (30 mmHg), rCBF and PbtO2 were monophasically decreased in contrast to a monophasically increased pattern under normal conditions. Neuronal death increased in both hemispheres but much more on the side where SDs were triggered. At high ICP (50 mmHg) with normal CPP (70 mmHg), CBF and metabolism during SD did not differ from baseline, and neuronal death did not increase even on the side of SD induction. These data suggest that maintaining CPP at 70 mmHg, even when the ICP is as high as 50 mmHg, preserves normal blood flow and metabolism during SD events and prevents neuronal degeneration.
Mechanics of blastocyst morphogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

During pre‐implantation development, the mammalian zygote transforms into the blastocyst, the structure that will implant the embryo in the maternal uterus. Consisting of a squamous epithelium enveloping a fluid‐filled cavity and the inner cell mass, the blastocyst is sculpted by a succession of morphogenetic events. These deformations result from the changes in the forces and mechanical properties of the tissue composing the embryo. Here, I review the recent studies, which, for the first time, informed us on the mechanics of blastocyst morphogenesis.
Higher order objects in pure object-oriented languages

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

article Free Access Share on Higher order objects in pure object-oriented languages Author: Thomas Kühne University of Darmstadt, Dept . of Computer Science (FB20), Magdalenenstr. llc, D-64289 Darmstad University of Darmstadt, Dept . of Computer Science (FB20), Magdalenenstr. llc, D-64289 DarmstadView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 29Issue 7July 1994 pp 15–20https://doi.org/10.1145/181593.181595Online:01 July 1994Publication History 0citation95DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads95Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Förster resonance energy transfer characterization in hybrid of poly-TPD/MDMO-PPV-DMP

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The current work focused on investigating the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism from the donor, poly[bis(4-butypheny)-bis(phenyl)benzidine] (poly-TPD), to the acceptor, poly[2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyl-octyloxy)−1,4-phenylenevinylene]-end capped with Dimethylphenyl (MDMO-PPV–DMP). The solution blending method was utilized to prepare the poly-TPD/MDMO-PPV–DMP hybrids with various content. The improvement in energy transfer from poly-TPD to MDMO-PPV–DMP with increasing acceptor content was confirmed by analyzing absorption and emission spectra. The efficient energy transfer in the hybrids is evident from the shorter quantum yield and lifetime of the donor in the hybrids compared to those in pure poly-TPD. The parameters that govern FRET, such as Stern–Volmer value ( k SV ), quenching rate value ( k q ), Förster radius (R 0 ), distance between the molecules of poly-TPD and MDMO-PPV–DMP (R DA ), energy transfer lifetime ( τ ET ), energy transfer rate ( k ET ), total decay rate of the donor (TDR), critical concentration (A o ), and conjugation length (A π ) could be adjusted by increasing the acceptor content in the hybrids. Furthermore, the red shifting of CIE coordinates upon increasing the acceptor content is additional confirmation for the efficient of FRET in the hybrids.
EduFinBuddy: A Web-Based Education Financial Aid Recommendation System Using Web Scraping

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Education plays a crucial role in shaping Malaysia's future development. However, access to higher education remains discriminatory, particularly for students from lower-income families, individuals with disabilities, and indigenous backgrounds, as they face challenges due to escalating living costs. The Malaysian government has initiated various education financial aid programmes to address this issue, encompassing scholarships, loans, and one-off aid. This initiative aligns with the broader goal of promoting inclusivity and ensuring all aspiring students have equal access to pursue their educational dreams. However, in many cases, some students apply for educational financial aid only to face rejection due to unmet requirements. Therefore, this paper proposes a responsive web-based system, namely EduFinBuddy, that will be able to identify the most suitable education financial aid based on student input. We begin the development process by extracting data from the targeted websites using a web scraping approach and storing it in a database. Then, we build the recommendation component using the cosine similarity algorithm to ensure accuracy based on the student's input. Thus, the student will get a list of educational financial aids according to their preference. The result shows that all the functionalities work well and can be implemented in any educational system of financial assistance to allow easier access to information for tertiary-level students in Malaysia. This initiative aligns with the broader goal of promoting inclusivity and ensuring all aspiring students have equal access to pursue their educational dreams.
Cross Sectional Dependence and Cointegration Analysis among the GDP-Foreign Direct Investment and Aggregate Credits: Evidence from Selected Developing Countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this study; it is investigated that gross domestic product (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI) and aggregate credits (CR) relationship of seven developing countries over the period of 1982-2010. Firstly, CDLM tests were applied to detect the cross-sectional dependency. Then, SURADF and CADF tests were applied. According to cross-sectional augmented panel unit root test (CIPS) result that detect if the entire panel carries a unit root, is consistent with SURADF and CADF test results. Finally, cointegration is determined among GDP, FDI and CR in all cases via Westerlund (2007)) Error Correction and Westerlund and Edgerton (2007) Lagrange Multiplier (LM) Bootstrap panel cointegration tests.
Leptin receptor gene as a genetic marker for leanness in pigs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Disclosed herein are genetic markers for pig leanness, methods for identifying such markers, and methods of screening pigs to determine those more or less likely to be obese and more or less likely to produce litters with leans or obese offspring and preferably selecting those pigs for future breeding purposes. The markers are based upon the presence or absence of certain polymorphisms in the pig leptin receptor gene.
Iranian infertile couples' strategies to manage social interactions after unsuccessful treatment with assisted reproductive technologies

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Many infertile couples feel vulnerable after failed treatment cycles and find insensitive remarks or inappropriate support distressing. They fear that the stress of failed treatment cycles may affect their marriage and lead to marriage breakdown. This study explored the strategies a sample of infertile couples used to manage social interactions after unsuccessful treatment with assisted reproductive technologies. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 34 participants including nine infertile couples, nine infertile women and two infertile men with primary infertility, two relatives, and three fertility clinic staff. The participants were selected through purposive sampling at an infertility centre in Iran, between 2016 and 2017. Data were collected using semi-structured face-to-face interviews and analysed by qualitative content analysis approach. Participants found some social interactions after failed assisted reproductive treatment cycles to be distressing and painful. They described tolerating painful emotions which cause them sadness and sorrow as well as feeling embarrassed. As a result, they found they needed to maintain their adopting concealment strategies with their families through not permitting speculation, selective disclosure, not giving details and hiding the truth. This study showed that social interactions following failed assisted reproductive cycles can be upsetting for infertile couples. Couples use different strategies to manage potentially distressing social interactions. Healthcare providers and psychologists may provide a space for safe social interactions in order to help couples to use appropriate strategies in these circumstances.
Conjugated catecholamines in human plasma: where are they coming from?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The origins of conjugated catecholamines remain poorly known. The aim of the present study was to see whether a major contribution comes from the sympathetic nervous system. We have assumed some kind of parallelism between the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, the amount of catecholamines released and taken up, and the amount of conjugated catecholamines circulating in plasma. Accordingly, an increase in sympathetic activity should be followed by an increase in the plasma level of conjugated catecholamines. The plasma levels of sulfoconjugated and glucuroconjugated catecholamines were measured in 10 patients with mental disease resistant to drug treatment, before and after electroconvulsive therapy. As expected, blood pressure, norepinephrine concentration, and epinephrine concentration in plasma were transiently increased. Neither sulfoconjugated nor glucuroconjugated catecholamines were significantly changed. Conjugated catecholamines were measured in 10 volunteers before and at the nadir of insulin-induced hypoglycemia. As expected, plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine were drastically increased. Plasma levels of sulfoconjugates were decreased and glucuroconjugates increased; these were narrow but statistically significant variations. Data reported in the present article do not support a major role for the activity of the sympathetic system in fixing the level of conjugated catecholamines in human plasma. This is a negative, but nonetheless important, observation. In human subjects, currently available information suggests an important role for the intestinal wall and renal function in determining the level of circulating sulfoconjugates.
Novel Synthesis of α‐Diketones from Bisbenzimidazolium Salt and Grignard Reagents

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The reaction of bisbenzimidazolium salt with Grignard reagents and a new synthetic method of a‐diketones from bis‐benzimidazolium salt and Grignard reagents are reported. The structures of all a‐diketones are characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The influences of the various Grignard reagents on the yield of a‐diketones and the mechanism are discussed, and a new convenient synthetic method for a‐diketones is provided.
Comparison of Vacuum Arc Behaviors for Slot-Type Axial Magnetic Field Contacts With and Without Iron Plates

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to investigate the influence of ferromagnetic-material-enhanced axial magnetic field (AMF) on high-current vacuum arc behaviors for a slot-type AMF contact, we experimentally compared the following vacuum arc behaviors between slot-type AMF contact with iron plates and that without iron plates, which include diffuse mode interval before current zero, arc modes at current peaks, and arc energy. The contact diameters were 48, 58, and 66 mm, and the contact gaps were 8 and 14 mm, respectively. The AMF contacts were fixed in a demountable vacuum chamber, and the vacuum arcs were initiated by a trigger electrode. The experimental current peak values ranged from 2.5 to 21.8 kA. The experimental results show that, with a high contact diameter of 66 mm, a stronger AMF contributes to keep the diffuse mode interval before current zero longer, and it contributes to keep the vacuum arcs at current peaks in diffuse modes until higher current values. However, with the low contact diameter of 48 mm and contact gap of 14 mm, the enhanced AMF constricts the vacuum arcs. Based on the results, an AMF window is suggested. Within the AMF window, the vacuum arcs are considered to keep longer diffuse mode interval before current zero, and the arcs have higher transition current value to high-current modes. The arc energy decreases with the enhanced AMF, significantly in the high-current range. Furthermore, it is suggested to apply iron plates in the high diameter slot-type AMF contacts. However, it does not recommend applying iron plates in the low contact diameter contacts.
Quantity-based interference and symbolic representations in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Five chimpanzees with training in counting and numerical skills selected between 2 arrays of different amounts of candy or 2 Arabic numerals.A reversed reinforcement contingency was in effect, in which the selected array was removed and the subject received the nonselected candies (or the number of candies represented by the nonselected Arabic numeral).Animals were unable to maximize reward by selecting the smaller array when candies were used as array elements.When Arabic numerals were substituted for the candy arrays, all animals showed an immediate shift to a more optimal response strategy of selecting the smaller numeral, thereby receiving the larger reward.Results suggest that a response disposition to the high-incentive candy stimuli introduced a powerful interference effect on performance, which was effectively overridden by the use of symbolic representations.
Fluorescent Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridinium Salt for a Potential Cancer Therapy Agent

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

N,N'-Dimethylated imidazo[1,5-a]pyridinium salt having good water solubility and exhibiting fluorescence emission was found to work as not only a bioimaging agent but also a therapeutic agent under UVA-LED irradiation conditions. Because the continuous UVA-LED irradiation to HeLa cells stained by the synthesized salt resulted in the cell death due to the mitochondrial damage, the salt has a potential application as photodynamic therapy agent against tumor cells.