jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract B136: Inhibition of azoxymethane-induced mucin depleted foci in the rat colon by a novel resistant starch

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract B136 The purpose of this study was to test the inhibitory effects of a novel resistant starch on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. The novel resistant starch was processed from a commercial high amylose cornstarch(patent pending). Three groups of 5-week-old male Fischer 344 rats including 15 animals each were injected with AOM and fed normal cornstarch diet, high amylose cornstarch diet, and novel resistant starch diet respectively. Another three groups of male Fischer 344 rats with 5 animals in each group were injected with saline and fed the same three kinds of diets as control groups. Two injections were performed one week apart. Each of the 3 diets contained 55% water boiled high moisture starch, together with 45% of other ingredients necessary for rats’ nutritive requirements. The rats were fed with the above diets for 9 weeks after the second injection and then killed. Liver weight, caecal fermentation (caecum weight and pH), and a predictor of carcinogenicity - Mucin Depleted Foci (MDF) - were investigated. MDF were only seen with AOM treatment and were significantly reduced in rats fed novel resistant starch diet in comparison with rats fed the other two diets. Increased caecum weight and decreased caecum pH were also observed in the novel resistant starch diet group in comparison with the other two diet groups. No significant difference was found comparing liver weights. These results suggested that the novel resistant starch, which is less digestible than regular cornstarch or commercial high amylose cornstarch, may inhibit colonic carcinogenesis, and the inhibition might be related to increased caecal fermentation. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B136.
Adolescents' and Young Adults' Perspectives on a Continuum of Care in a Three Year Drug Treatment Program

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recent discussion in the adolescent treatment community has centered on the therapeutic merits of continuum of care treatment for adolescent and young adult substance abusing populations. However, despite this discussion, few studies to date have actually looked at how adolescents and young adults view continuum of care treatment in practice. In this paper a continuum of care offered within a single treatment approach will be addressed from the perspectives of youths participating in treatment at a three year step-down therapeutic community program with four distinct levels of care: residential treatment, intensive day treatment, day treatment with work/school release, and ambulatory meetings. Adolescents and young adults attending this program must complete all four levels of care before they are eligible for program graduation. Data from 53 qualitative semistructured and open-ended interviews (conducted with 45 adolescents and young adults) indicate that treatment experiences were marked by significant program transition points, during which clients stepped down from one level of care to another. Adolescents and young adults reported experiencing distress at and during these transition points. However, they also indicated that overall emotional and psychological stress was minimized due to the following: (1) these transitions were experienced within a single program structure, (2) youths transitioned through a continuum of care with program peers and friends, and (3) the program staff was perceived by adolescents and young adults to be compassionate and encouraging.
Integrin Signaling via RGD Peptides and Anti-β1 Antibodies Confers Resistance to Apoptosis in Islets of Langerhans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Islet transplantation is associated with a high rate of early graft failure caused by early immune attack and poor functionality of islets. Apoptosis of islet cells appears soon after islet isolation and primarily involves the β-cell. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ligation to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins on survival of the islets of Langerhans following islet isolation. Islets that had been cultured for 24 h on collagen type I showed an islet survival of 59.7 ± 8.7%, while islets that had been cultured on collagen type IV and laminin showed an islet survival of 88.6 ± 10.3 and 94.3 ± 5.6%, respectively. Islets that had been pretreated with anti-β1 antibodies and argenin-glycin-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides showed a decrease in the level of apoptosis by a factor of 2.5 and 3.1, respectively, and an increase of phospho-Akt Ser 473 activity by a factor of 3.1 and 2.9, respectively, compared with untreated islets. When detached from their natural ECM surrounding in the pancreas, islet cells undergo apoptosis, unless islets are cultured on collagen IV or laminin or treated with anti-β1 integrin antibodies or RGD peptides to mimic ECM ligation. These results indicate that inhibition of anoikis may offer opportunities to improve function and viability of islet cells.
An unusual aberrantly colored pleuronectid

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abnormal coloration in the Heterosomata has been under study by Gudger and Firth for some time and in their records they have included an analysis of the earlier literature.See Gudger (1934 and1935) and Gudger and Firth (1935, 1936a, b, c, and 1937).The case here recorded (A.M.N.H. 14142) differs from any described by them in certain interesting respects.This specimen, a nearly ripe female, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum), measures 195 mm. in standard length and 244 mm. in total length.It was caught by Mr. William Stratton near Bayside, Long Island, on
An Empirical Evaluation of Interfaces for Army Tactical Operations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Timely and accurate decisions in the Army domain are directly linked to the commander's ability to assess the battlefield. We reviewed both existing and proposed Army interfaces and applied a Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) approach to the development of an alternative interface: the RAPTOR interface (Representation Aiding Portrayal of Tactical Operations Resources). This interface and a version of the Army's recently-implemented digital interface (the Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below — FBCB2) were evaluated using a simulated offensive scenario and domain experts from an active Army unit. The results indicate that the RAPTOR interface produced significantly better performance for quantitative, categorical and needs assessments. It is concluded that the RAPTOR interface summarizes critical information for Army units at all levels and makes this information easily accessible through effective graphical formats and interaction style.
EMERALDS AND EMBASSIES IN THE ETHIOPIAN STORY OF HELIODORUS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In The Ethiopian story of Heliodorus reference is made to a disputebetween the Persians and the Ethiopians over control of the emeraldmines to the south of Egypt. This disagreement leads to war betweenthese two nations and sets the action of the plot of the novel inmotion. When taken together with the similar manner in whichprecious stones are viewed in The Ethiopian story and in the pseudo-Orphic Lithica — a poem about the magical properties of stonesdated to the fourth century of our era — the argument overpossession of the mines can convincingly be placed in the context ofthe political and religious changes taking place at this time inEthiopia, as documented by Epiphanius of Cyprus in his sermonOn the gems. Under Constantine and his successor Constantius IIembassies were exchanged with the Ethiopians, specifically with thepeople of Axum (who appear to have displaced the people of Meroefrom power at about 350), the Blemmyes, and the Indians. The factthat embassies involving these peoples feature prominently in TheEthiopian story also provides yet more circumstantial evidence tosuggest that the novel belongs to a similar fourth-century milieu toother texts from the same period, especially the anonymous Lithicaand the Περὶ Καταρχῶν (On Beginnings) of Maximus of Ephesus.
Derivatives of Some 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid Esters, with Plant Growth Regulating Activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract A method for the synthesis of esters of 2-(dimethylsulfonium)ethylphos-phonic acid and the results of some trials showing the plant growth regulating activity of these compounds are presented. For the synthesis of the mentioned compounds, dimethyl sulphide is reacted with 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid esters; these esters are obtained through the complex[1] of AlCl3, PCl3 and 1,2-dichloroethan (1). Using the optimum reaction conditions, very good yields were obtained (96–99%). This complex is reacted with different alcohols to give 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid esters (2) (R˭Me, Et, Pr, i-Pr, Bu, i-Bu, Pe). Using the optimum reaction conditions, in the case of methanol the maximum obtained yield was 50%. In the case of the other alcohols, the obtained yields were between 76 and 83%. An exception is i-propanol. whose ester was obtained with low yields and the reaction parameters modification have little influence on the yield. The reaction of the esters with dimethyl sulphide gives, in good yields (between 69 and 79%). esters of 2-(dimethylsulfonium)ethylphosphonic acid (3). substances with plant growth regulating activity.
Nanostructured ZnO For Electrochemical Biosensors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Biosensors have become important and practical tools in pathogen detection, molecular diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety control, and homeland security. Of these, electrochemical biosensors are of particular interest due to several combined advantages such as low cost, ease of operation, and miniaturization capability. A current goal for these types of biosensors is of becoming point-ofcare diagnostic devices. Much effort has been put into improving key performance parameters, such as sensitivity, specificity, recognition rates, and multiplexing capabilities for parallel recognition, to allow this possibility.
Application of pressure-controlled colon delivery capsule to oral administration of glycyrrhizin in dogs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract A colon delivery system has been used to improve the bioavailability of glycyrrhizin, a glycoside of glycyrrhetic acid. The bioavailability of glycyrrhizin is low when administered in conventional oral galenic dosage forms because glycyrrhizin is enzymatically hydrolysed both in the stomach and in the intestine. It was reasoned that if large amounts of glycyrrhizin were directly delivered to the colon, enzymatic activity should be reduced due to saturation so that intact glycyrrhizin could be absorbed into the systemic circulation. Based on this assumption, pressure-controlled colon delivery capsules (PCDCs) were used as a colon delivery system. Eight types of glycyrrhizin solution were prepared and were introduced into PCDCs. After oral administration of the test PCDCs to beagle dogs, blood samples were obtained over 24 h and plasma glycyrrhizin concentrations were measured by an HPLC method. With PCDCs containing aqueous glycyrrhizin and propylene glycol solutions, plasma glycyrrhizin levels were extremely low and the bioavailabilities of glycyrrhizin were 0.6% and 0.4%, respectively. When Labrasol was added to both types of glycyrrhizin solution, the bioavailability was improved to 4.6 % for aqueous solution and 3.8% for propylene glycol solution. When a surfactant, Polysorbate 80, was added in combination with Labrasol, synergistic effects were not obtained. Furthermore, dose-dependent effects of Polysorbate 80 were not obtained. Labrasol, which is a component of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), has been shown to strongly improve the bioavailability of glycyrrhizin from the colon.
Studying of Metal elements, Urea and Creatinine in Cerebrospinal Fluid for Children with Hydrocephalus Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The research includes studying the effect of hydrocephalus on metal elements and kidney function in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which include of parameters : Iron (Fe), Cupper (Cu), Zinc(Zn), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), Chloride (Cl), Urea and Creatinine. The study was done on (176) sample had hydrocephalus (110) were male and (66) were female and (67) were healthy children as control group( 39) were male and (33) were female the age of children with hydrocephalus and control group ranged from 1-14 month for both sex. The results showed there was a significant increase in Fe, Cu, K, Na, Cl and P in the CSF for children with hydrocephalus patients in comparison with healthy group for both sex, and a significant decrease was shown in the levels of Zn, Mg and Ca. Beside of that, the results showed the kidney functions were affected by significant high levels of urea and creatinine in CSF for both sexes of hydrocephalus patients in comparison with healthy group.
Peer Review #2 of "Saproxylic Diptera assemblages in a temperate deciduous forest: implications for community assembly (v0.1)"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Saproxylic insects, those associated directly or indirectly with decaying wood for all or part of their life cycle, compose a large proportion of forest organisms.Flies (Diptera) are often the most abundant and species-rich group of insects in forest microhabitats, yet most work to date on saproxylic insect diversity and ecology has focused on beetles (Coleoptera).We compared saproxylic Diptera assemblages reared from two tree species (sugar maple and American beech) at two stages of decay (early and advanced) for a total of 20 logs in an eastern Canadian Nearctic old-growth forest.We found that communities are distinct within both species type and decay stage of wood.Early decay stage wood is more variable in community composition than later decay stage; however, as the age of the decaying wood increases, the abundance of Diptera increases significantly.Most indicator species are discernible in later decay stage and wood type.We venture to suggest that stochastic and deterministic processes may play a role in driving Diptera communities in temperate deciduous forests.To retain the highest saproxylic Diptera diversity in a forest, a variety of decaying wood types at different stages of decomposition is necessary.
Antitumor Therapy through Photothermal Performance Synergized with Catalytic Activity Based on the Boron Cluster Supramolecular Frameworks

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has received widespread attention as a tumor optical treatment strategy in the field of malignant tumor therapy. Nonmetallic multifunctional nanomaterials as CDT agents, due to their low toxicity, long-lasting effects, and safety characteristics, have promising applications in the integrated diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Here, we modified the supramolecular framework of boron clusters, coupled with a variety of dyes to develop a series of metal-free agent compounds, and demonstrated that these nonmetallic compounds have excellent CDT activities through experiments. Subsequently, the best performing Methylene Blue/[closo-B12H12]2- (MB@B12H12) was used as an example. Through theoretical calculations, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and 808 nm light irradiation, we confirmed that MB@B12H12 exhibited photothermal performance and CDT activity further. More importantly, we applied MB@B12H12 to melanoma cells and subcutaneous tumor, demonstrating its effective suppression of melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo through the synergistic effects of photothermal performance and CDT activity. This study emphasizes the generalizability of the coupling of dyes to [closo-B12H12]2- with important clinical translational potential for CDT reagents. Among them, MB@B12H12 may have a brighter future, paving the way for the rapid development of metal-free CDT reagents.
Infant-Directed Singing From a Dynamic Multimodal Perspective: Evolutionary Origins, Cross-Cultural Variation, and Relation to Infant-Directed Speech

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

<p>We conceptualize infant song as a dynamic, multimodal form of communication between mother and infant that originated to support infant care in harsh conditions. The propensity for infant-directed singing has persisted across millennia despite vast improvements in living circumstances and outcomes because it continues to facilitate caregiving and enhance parent–infant bonds. Nonetheless, there are notable differences across cultures, which arise from divergent social and economic circumstances and contrasting conceptions of infants. Unimodal infant-directed singing has notable effects on infant attention and affect, but multimodal singing has particularly important consequences for parent–infant dyads in ordinary as well as atypical circumstances.</p>
Osteoid Osteoma in Children Younger than 3 Years of Age

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present a case series of four children, younger than 3 years old, with osteoid osteoma of the lower limb. Pain and limping were the main symptoms. With careful clinical examination, we could localize the affected area. Radiological evaluation revealed cortical thickening in 3 children. On MRI examination, we found extensive edema, with normal bony cortices. The central nidus was found in 3 children. CT scan was the most accurate examination which revealed the central nidus with surrounding sclerosis. Bone scans had positive uptake in the affected area. Our patients were treated with an intralesional excision biopsy, with simultaneous radiofrequency ablation in those affected in the femur. Pathological specimens confirmed the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. There was uneventful recovery of our patients. This case series contributes to the limited description of osteoid osteoma diagnosed and treated in very young children.
Studies on the alloplasmatic effect in tribe Brassiceae : III. On the effect on the manifestation of genome complements in some F₁ hybrids and in the strains having an extra-chromosome

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. The aim of this investigation was to make clear the occurrence of an alloplasmatic effect in carinata-cytoplasmic F₁ hybrids derived from the crosses between pekinensis plants having carinata's cytoplasm and some other species in Brassica. Plants of 8 species including 13 horticultural varieties were used. 2. In the production of F_1 hybrids, the carinata-cytoplasmic pekinensis plants behaved quite similarly as the normal pekinensis plants, revealing that these two kinds of plants were somewhat identical in their crossability irrespective of their cytoplasmic nature. 3. The carinata-cytoplasmic effect, i.e., chlorophyll deficiency, was observed exclusively in the carinata-cytoplasmic F₁ forms containing genomes aa, but not in the carinata-cytoplasmic F₁ plants containing genomes aac. Genome c added to genome a became to harmonize with the carinata-cytoplasm and could eliminate the carillata-cytoplasmic effect induced upon the genome a. 4. The carinata-cytoplasmic effect manifested itself conspicuously in (10Ⅱ + 1Ⅰ) plants, i.e., in pekinensis plants containing one extrachromosome derived from B. carinata (whose genome constitution is bbcc), and only slightly in 10Ⅱ plants. Compared with the vigor and the fertility of the plants, excepting the chlorophyll character, the carinata-cytoplasmic (10Ⅱ + 1Ⅰ) plants were definitely inferior to the carinata-cytoplasmic 10Ⅱ plants, and the pef;:inensis-cytoplasmic (10Ⅱ + 1Ⅰ) plants were, in turn, quite equal to or a little exceed the normal control pekinensis plants. Those facts enumerated above may be taken to indicate that an alloplasmatic effect appeared always severely incorporated with a genotypically unbalanced nucleus.
Multiple copies of Shope virus DNA are present in cells of benign and malignant non-virus-producing neoplasms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In an initial efforts to characterize the virological basis of neoplasia in the Shope papilloma-carcinoma system, the extent to which the viral genome is present in non-virus-producing benign and malignant tumors in domestic rabbits was established. Employing nick-translated radioactive viral DNA purified from productively infected papillomas on cotton tail rabbits as a probe, it was found that (i) papillomas, primary carcinomas, and metastatic carcinomas contain 10 to about 100 copies of the viral genome per diploid cell equivalent of DNA and (ii) viral DNA is present in detectable amounts in essentially all neoplastic cells. These results are consistent with the suggestion that continued presence of the viral genome is necessary for induction and maintenance of malignant as well as benign neoplasms.
Detecting Poultry Movement for Poultry Behavioral Analysis using The Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Poultry meat is one of the most consumed livestock products in Indonesia. Several studies have concluded that understanding the behavior of poultry will increase production cost efficiency as well as facilitate the fulfillment of animal welfare. Assuring the poultry's welfare in this increasing business is not an easy task. Using the Multi-Object Tracking algorithm and a pre-trained object detection model trained by the Single Shot Multibox Detector algorithm, we extracted the poultry movement data from a surveillance video with a frame rate of 15 frames per second for behavioral analysis purposes with a precision value of 60.4%. We also managed to gain the object movement plots and periods of the detected objects. This research does not pay attention to the direction of intersecting objects which allows identities to be exchanged between objects. Our near-future research is to add an object identity label in the data preparation step and using a different method of identity assignment which might improve the performance of the algorithm.
Coping as a mediator and moderator between intimate partner violence and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Violence against Women

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examines the role of coping as both a moderator and a mediator of the associa-tion between intimate partner violence and women’s mental health. A sample of 298 women who had suffered physical aggression completed measures of physical and psychological abuse, coping responses, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Tests of moderation con-sistently indicated that coping responses did not moderate the impact of intimate partner violence on symptoms of anxiety and depression, whereas tests of mediation demonstrated that disengagement coping mediated the impact of psychological abuse on distress. Thus, findings support the hypothesis that coping responses are influenced by violence itself and underline the dysfunctional nature of disengagement coping among victims.