jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ampelozizyphus amazonicus inhibit proliferation and release of Trypanosoma cruzi in murine macrophages in vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke (Rhamnaceae) is an Amazonian medicinal plant popularly known as “saracura-mirá”, from which barks and roots an aqueous drink can be prepared. In an ethnopharmacological study conducted in the “quilombola” communities of Oriximiná (PA), Brazil, we learnt the plant is used in the treatment of liver disorders, and as a tonic, among other uses. A trypanocidal activity for an extract of this plant has been demonstrated in literature. In this work, we investigated the effect of A. amazonicus on Trypanosoma cruzi in murine macrophages. Barks of the plant were collected and extracted twice with boiling water, filtered and dried to obtain a powder (SART). Peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice were infected with metacyclic forms of the Trypanosoma cruzi clone Dm 28c (3 parasites per macrophage) and some cultures were treated with A. amazonicus. Three days after infection the number of amastigotes forms was evaluated. The numbers of trypomastigote forms were determined by counting of the supernatant in a hemocytometer after 7 and 9 days of culture. In addition, we tested whether nitric oxide was involved in the mechanism of resistance to infection in our in vitro model. To address that hypothesis, peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with LPS, INF-γ and treated with A. amazonicus, and nitric oxide concentration was measured. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t-test for independent samples, with the level of significance set at p < 0,05. Our results have shown that A. amazonicus reduces significantly the replication of amastigotes forms (35% reduction), the release of trypomastigotes forms (75% reduction) in murine macrophages infected byTrypanosoma cruzi in vitro, and that this effect does not depend on nitric oxide production. Taken together, our results suggest that A. amazonicus is a promissing natural product with important trypanocidal action in intracellular infection. Support: FAPERJ and CNPq.
The Epic of the Kings (RLE Iran B)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

'Among the many national poets of historical Persia, Ferdowsi is perhaps the greatest...In this superb translation of the epic, the Western reader would not fail to discern clear equivalents of chapters in Genesis, The Odyssey, Paradise Lost or the Canterbury Tales.' Islamic ReviewThe Shah-nama is the national epic poem of Persia. Written in the tenth century it contains the country's myths, legends and historic reminiscences. This edition makes available a valuable prose translation selecting the most representative parts of the original including the stories of Rustum, the giant hero and his son Sohrab.
Health conditions in a cohort of New Zealand Vietnam veterans: hospital admissions between 1988 and 2009

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To inform the provision of support to veterans by analysing hospital discharge data, thereby identifying which conditions show an excess risk, require specific management strategies and deserve further investigation. Setting Tertiary level care, including all public and private New Zealand hospitals. Participants All New Zealand Vietnam veterans with service between 1964 and 1972. Primary outcome measures Standardised hospitalisation ratios (SHRs) were calculated based on the number of first observed hospital admissions for a condition, those expected being based on New Zealand national hospitalisation rates. Results The SHR for all causes of hospitalisation was 1.18, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.21, with modest increases for the major common causes, cardio and cerebrovascular disease. Admission rates for chronic renal failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were highest in the 2006–2009 time period. The highest statistically significant hospitalisation risk was for alcohol-related mental disorder, SHR 1.91, 99% CI 1.39 to 2.43. Conclusions Chronic renal failure has limited attribution to veteran service but along with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has the potential to have high costs both to the individual and the health system. We suggest that routine surveillance of veterans by way of a ‘flag’ in national and primary care databases would facilitate the recognition of service-related conditions and the appropriate provision of healthcare.
Within‐patch foraging behaviour of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius funebris: plant architecture, host behaviour, and individual variation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The influence of plant architecture, host colony size, and host colony structure on the foraging behaviour of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius funebris Mackauer (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) was investigated using a factorial experimental design. The factorial design involved releasing individual parasitoid females in aphid colonies consisting of either 10 or 20 individuals of Uroleucon jaceae L. (Homoptera: Aphididae) of either only larval instar L3 or a mixture of host instars, both on unmanipulated plants and on plants that had all leaves adjacent to the colony removed. Interactions between the parasitoid and its host were recorded until the parasitoid had left the plant. The time females spent on the host plant and the number of eggs laid varied greatly among females. Host colony size significantly affected patch residence time and the number of contacts between parasitoids and aphids. Plant architecture influenced the time‐budget of the parasitoids which used leaves adjacent to the aphid colony for attacking aphids. Female oviposition rate was higher on unmanipulated plants than on manipulated plants. No further significant treatment effects on patch residence time, the number of contacts, attacks or ovipositions were found. Oviposition success of A. funebris was influenced by instar‐specific host behaviour. Several rules‐of‐thumb proposed by foraging theory did not account for parasitoid patch‐leaving behaviour.
Secondary systemic AL-amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma: Clinical case and literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract AL-amyloidosis refers to a systemic type of disease characterised by aggregation of an improperly folded light chain of immunoglobulin, mainly in the heart and kidneys, causing organ failure. This study describes the clinical experience of introducing a patient with cardiac amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma. The diagnosis of amyloidosis is based on a high index of clinical suspicion. Unfortunately, the disease often proceeds asymptomatically until a late stage, and even then the symptoms can be very nonspecific. The prolonged time to establish a diagnosis, often more than 1 year, is a frequent factor in poor treatment results. The slow course of the disease, in most cases, leads to fatal consequences, since initially, patients do not turn to specialised professionals. Namely, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia are common causes of death from primary systemic amyloidosis, from 48% to 65% of cardiac mortality. More accurate recognition of AL-amyloidosis by cardiologists allows prescribing earlier treatment and improving results. Conventional treatment of multiple myeloma and AL-amyloidosis includes a combination of dexamethasone with bortezomib and endoxan. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after taking high doses of melphalan has become another treatment option and has led to remission in some patients. The study presents an example of a timely complete diagnosis and treatment of a combination of these two diseases, as a result of which the patient has achieved a complete haematological and partial organ response to the underlying disease.
Isotope effects in the acid-catalyzed hydration of phenylacetylene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsotope effects in the acid-catalyzed hydration of phenylacetyleneDonald S. Noyce and Melvyn D. SchiavelliCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 4, 1023–1026Publication Date (Print):February 14, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 14 February 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01006a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01006a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Water Supply Tipping Point Data and Code

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This publication provides code, WaterSupplyTippingPoints.R, to calculate tipping points in water supply by using a time series of deficit data. The code uses data files that are produced from an agent-based model that simulates water supply dynamics. The code uses deficit data to calculate a water supply performance metric, Sustainability Index, and implements a decision tree change point detection method detects change points. The code implements a tipping point rule that is applied to select a change point as a tipping point. Data files of deficits that are used as input are described and published at https://zenodo.org/record/3971213. The code can be executed for four management scenarios and 16 shifting climate scenarios. Management Strategy 1 is no management. Management Strategy 2 is retrofitting. Management Strategy 3 is retrofitting with reactive drought restrictions. Management Strategy 4 is retrofitting with proactive drought restrictions. The 16 shifting climate scenarios correspond to shifting factors equal to 0.25 - 1.0, increasing in 0.05 increments. For each of the 64 modeling scenarios (16 climate settings X 4 management strategies), 100 simulations were run to capture stochasticity. The output from the code are provided in a set of .csv files, attached here. Data files (TippingPoints-mgmt1.csv, TippingPoints-mgmt2.csv, TippingPoints-mgmt3.csv, TippingPoints-mgmt4.csv) list the 100 tipping points that were identified for each shifting factor and each management strategy. Columns (V1, V2, ... V100) are 100 unique and randomized simulations for each modeling scenario. Rows correspond to shifting factors, where Row 1 is shifting factor 0.25, and Row 16 is shifting factor 1.00.
Effects of spot size on biomarker levels of field‐collected dried blood spots: A new algorithm for exact dried blood spot size measurement

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The quality of blood values analyzed from survey‐collected dried blood spot (DBS) samples is affected by fieldwork conditions, particularly spot size. We offer an image‐based algorithm that accurately measures the area of field‐collected DBS and we investigate the impact of spot size on the analyzed blood marker values. Methods SHARE, a pan‐European study, collected 24 000 DBS samples in 12 countries in its sixth wave. Our new algorithm uses photographs of the DBS samples to calculate the number of pixels of the blood‐covered area to measure the spot sizes accurately. We ran regression models to examine the association of spot size and seven DBS analytes. We then compared the application of our new spot‐size measures to common spot‐size estimation. Results Using automated spot‐size measurement, we found that spot size has a significant effect on all markers. Smaller spots are associated with lower measured levels, except for HbA1c, for which we observe a negative effect. Our precisely measured spot sizes explain substantially more variance of DBS analytes compared to commonly used spot‐size estimation. Conclusion The new algorithm accurately measures the size of field‐collected DBS in an automated way. This methodology can be applied to surveys even with very large numbers of observations. The measured spot sizes improve the accuracy of conversion formulae that translate blood marker values derived from DBS into venous blood values. The significance of the spot‐size effects on biomarkers in DBS should also incentivize the improvement of fieldwork training and monitoring.
Networks of elementary fuzzy solvers for synthesizing and analyzing fuzzy data processing and control systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An approach for describing fuzzy data processing systems based on networks of elementary solvers of fuzzy logic functions that makes it possible to improve the quality and reduce the computational complexity of the analysis and synthesis of embedded control systems with fuzzy decision-making subsystems is proposed. Simulation of fuzzy network structures is considered and examples of their practical application are discusses.
A Study on the Relationship between Attachment, Social Competence, and Emotion Regulation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the structural relationships between attachment, social competence, and emotion regulation. A survey was administered to 233 children of elementary school age(5th-6th grades) in G-city, Korea, using the IPPA-R, the Social Competence Inventory and an Emotion Regulation Scale. The collected data were then analyzed using a Canonical Correlation Analysis. First, the relationship between attachment and social competence was analyzed. The results showed that attachment and social competence have a positively correlated relationship. Peer attachments strongly affect the attributes of social competence when using a canonical variate analysis. Secondly, the relationship between attachment and emotional regulation was analyzed. The results showed that attachment and emotion regulation are also positively correlated. Maternal attachment particularly strongly affected the attributes of emotion regulation. Thirdly, the relationship between social competence and emotional regulation was analyzed. The results showed that social competence and emotional regulation have a positive relationship.
UntanglingCPviolation and the mass hierarchy in long baseline experiments

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In the overlap region, for the normal and inverted hierarchies, of the neutrino-antineutrino bi-probability space for nu(mu)-->nu(e) appearance, we derive a simple identity between the solutions in the (sin(2)2theta(13), sindelta) plane for the different hierarchies. The parameter sin(2)2theta(13) sets the scale of the nu(mu)-->nu(e) appearance probabilities at the atmospheric deltam(atm)(2)approximate to2.4x10(-3) eV(2) whereas sindelta controls the amount of CP violation in the lepton sector. The identity between the solutions is that the difference in the values of sindelta for the two hierarchies equals twice the value of rootsin(2)2theta(13) divided by the critical value of rootsin(2)2theta(13). We apply this identity to the two proposed long baseline experiments, T2K and NOvA, and we show how it can be used to provide a simple understanding of when and why fake solutions are excluded when two or more experiments are combined. This identity demonstrates the true complementarity of T2K and NOvA.
Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in Morris hepatoma 7800 after intravenous injection of mevalonic acid.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effect of i.v. injection of mevalonate on the activity of microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase was studied in livers from non-tumor-bearing rats and in host liver and hepatomas from rats bearing transplantable Morris hepatoma 7800. We confirmed that a single bolus injection of 100 mg of mevalonate in non-tumor-bearing male rats caused a 90% inhibition of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase activity within 2 hr. In two experiments mevalonate injection caused a 50 to 60% reduction in enzyme activity of hepatomas but no significant decline in the enzyme activity in host livers. Thirty in after injection of [14C]mevalonate in a similarly sized bolus, the ratio of specific activities of cholesterol in liver:hepatoma:kidney:blood was 13:5.6:0.5:1. Thus, both the liver and hepatoma efficiently utilized mevalonate for the synthesis of cholesterol. The precise cause of the inhibition of enzyme activity in the liver of non-tumor-bearing rats and in the transplantable hepatomas is not clear from this study. However, on the basis of other published reports, we suggest that it resulted from the accumulation of endogenous cholesterol in microsomal membrane. The activity of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-controlling enzyme for bile acid synthesis, was also studied in the hepatoma, but, in general, it did not differ from that in the host liver or control liver.
The Case for Assessing for Negative Response Bias, Not Malingering

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Assessment of response style is a vital component of forensic assessment. However, the focus on malingering in the literature and test offerings has predictable and negative consequences: Because the label of malingering is viewed as toxic, tests designed to assess for it are often long and sacrifice sensitivity to minimize false-positive errors. Rather than focusing on diagnosing or ruling out malingering, examiners and validity test authors can focus on detecting negative response bias that could invalidate other clinical and forensically relevant data. Doing so can avoid overstepping one’s data and stigmatization, allow shorter, more cost-efficient assessments, better inform the court, reduce inherent conflicts of interest, and lessen conflict surrounding the response style issue.
The interdisciplinary approach to the study of speciation methods within the university course «Theory of Evolution»

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The methodology for evolutionary thought study at universities is an urgent problem, since, unlike school biology, the university version lacks unified methodological approaches that allow the most effective organization of the learning process. This paper discusses the development of a methodology for studying the mechanisms and methods of speciation in the implementation of an interdisciplinary approach. When considering the problem of development of the doctrine of species and speciation, one should be guided by such a category as interdisciplinary. The concept of interdisciplinarity is applicable to the sciences and at the same time applicable to philosophy, in particular, to the philosophy of knowledge. Interdisciplinarity is an epistemological mechanism for substantiating the materialistic approach in studying the methods of speciation and the nature of species. This approach is indispensable in proving the reality of the existence of species in the biosphere. The recognition of species existence reality and supraspecific taxa makes it possible to study the structure of species and methods from education, based on the data of a number of sciences. In connection with the development of the content of the subject-content module in biology as part of the transition to the implementation of the Fundamental Core of Pedagogical Education, university professors should provide fundamental subject training for university graduates based on meaningful study by students of the fundamental laws of science, the hierarchization of knowledge and the inseparability of the educational process and scientific knowledge.
Association between Adipokines and Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Adipose tissue dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the involvement of adipokines, particularly adiponectin, remains unclear. Objective: To compare serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of adiponectin, leptin and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio in patients within the spectrum of Alzheimer’s disease and evaluate their relationship with classical biomarkers and their value as markers of progression. Methods: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 71) and Alzheimer’s dementia (AD, n = 53) subjects were consecutively recruited for serum and CSF adiponectin and leptin determination using an analytically validated commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlations were explored using adjusted Spearman’s correlation coefficients. A logistic regression model and ROC analysis were performed to evaluate the staging predictive value of adipokines. Results: Serum adiponectin was 33% higher in AD when compared to MCI patients. Adiponectin CSF levels, similar in both groups, were positively correlated with A β 42 and cognitive function, though only in women. The area under the ROC curve was 0.673 (95% CI:0.57-0.78) for serum adiponectin as predictor of dementia stage and the cut-off 10.85 μg/ml maximized the sum of specificity (87%) and sensitivity (44%). Conclusion: Although longitudinal studies are required, we hypothesize that higher serum adiponectin in AD patients constitutes a strategy to compensate possible central signaling defects. In addition, adiponectin might be specifically assigned to neuroprotective functions in women and eventually involved in the female-biased incidence of Alzheimer’s disease.
A profile Godambe information of power transformations for ARCH time series

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Due to Godambe (1985), one can obtain the Godambe optimum estimating functions (EFs) each of which is optimum (in the sense of maximizing the Godambe information) within a linear class of EFs. Quasi-likelihood scores can be viewed as special cases of the Godambe optimum EFs (see, for instance, Hwang and Basawa, 2011). The paper concerns conditionally heteroscedastic time series with unknown likelihood. Power transformations are introduced in innovations to construct a class of Godambe optimum EFs. A “best” power transformation for Godambe innovation is then obtained via maximizing the “profile” Godambe information. To illustrate, the KOrea Stock Prices Index is analyzed for which absolute value transformation and square transformation are recommended according to the ARCH(1) and GARCH(1, 1) models, respectively.
An ergonomic analysis of work in the process of professional rehabilitation in Brazil

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to describe the use of the Ergonomic Analysis of Work (EAW) in the process of rehabilitating workers, insured by the National Institute of Social Security (INSS) in Brazil, and to conduct a brief analysis of the instrument used by this body. Information obtained from EAW enabled the demand, the requirements of the activity and the skills needed to perform the tasks in the workplace to be determined, thus aiding the decision of the INSS as to rehabilitating the workers and their return to their jobs.