jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Purinergic signaling during macrophage differentiation results in M2 alternative activated macrophages

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Macrophages represent a highly heterogenic cell population of the innate immune system, with important roles in the initiation and resolution of the inflammatory response. Purinergic signaling regulates both M1 and M2 macrophage function at different levels by controlling the secretion of cytokines, phagocytosis, and the production of reactive oxygen species. We found that extracellular nucleotides arrest macrophage differentiation from bone marrow precursors via adenosine and P2 receptors. This results in a mature macrophage with increased expression of M2, but not M1, genes. Similar to adenosine and ATP, macrophage growth arrested with LPS treatment resulted in an increase of the M2-related marker Ym1. Recombinant Ym1 was able to affect macrophage proliferation and could, potentially, be involved in the arrest of macrophage growth during hematopoiesis.
Monoclonal antibodies: new agents for cancer detection and targeted therapy.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Antibodies directed against markers on cancer cells are gaining in importance for the purpose of targeting diagnostic and therapeutic agents. In the past, this approach has had very limited success principally because the classical methods for producing antibodies from blood serum of animals immunized with cancer cells or extracts were unsatisfactory. The situation has changed dramatically since 1975 following the design of procedures for "immortalizing" antibody-producing cells (lymphocytes) by fusing them with cultured myeloma cells to form hybridomas which continuously secrete antibodies. Since these hybridomas produce antibodies coded for by a single antibody-producing cell, the antibodies are called monoclonal. Building on these advances in biomedical research, it is now possible to reproducibly manufacture monoclonal antibodies on a scale suitable for use in cancer detection and therapy.
Optimalization of reaction time through imagery and concentration training in fencing

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aims to investigate the effect of imagery training and concentration on the reaction time of students taking fencing extracurricular activities. It was a quasi-experimental research using quantitative approach. A total of 15 respondents were classified into 3 groups, which were control (K) and two experimental groups. Students in experimental groups were given imagery training (E1) and concentration training (E2) for six weeks and reaction times were measured using Electronic Fencing Target-1 (EFT-1) before and after the exercise was given. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic using paired t-test and Anova one way, and significance level was set at p=0.05. The results found that the imagery and concentration training had a positive impact on the decrease of reaction time, with significance values of 0.008 and 0.005, respectively. From these results it can be concluded that imagery and concentration exercises can help players to improve their reaction time, so that fencers can react quickly to every movement. OPTIMALISASI WAKTU REAKSI MELALUI LATIHAN IMAGERY DAN KONSENTRASI DALAM OLAHRAGA ANGGAR AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan imagery dan konsentrasi terhadap kecepatan waktu reaksi pada siswa yang mengikuti ekstrakulikuler anggar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sebanyak 15 orang responden dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu satu kelompok kontrol (K) dan dua kelompok eksperimen yang diberi latihan imagery (E1) dan latihan konsentrasi (E2). Latihan dilakukan selama enam minggu dan waktu reaksi diukur sebelum dan sesudah latihan diberikan menggunakan Electronic Fencing Target-1 (EFT-1). Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan uji paired t-test dan Anova one way, dengan nilai signifikan ditetapkan sebesar 0.05. Hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa latihan imagery dan konsentrasi yang diberikan kepada responden memberikan dampak positif terhadap penurunan waktu reaksi, dengan nilai signifikansi secara berturut-turut sebesar 0.008 dan 0.005. Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa latihan imagery dan konsentrasi dapat membantu pemain untuk meningkatkan kemampuan reaksi, sehingga pemain anggar dapat bereaksi dengan cepat terhadap setiap gerakan.
Modeling sound fields from radially symmetric impulsive planar sources using Rayleigh's Integral

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The evaluation of Rayleigh's integral in cases where the integrand contains delta functions with time-dependent arguments provides a highly useful and easily implemented vehicle for modeling and understanding the radiation of impulsive sound waves from planar sources. We present elementary examples of such calculations and show their application in various realistic scenarios, including the radiation of impulsive aeroacoustic sound from buried explosions and potential extensions to lithotripsy. In this paper, we represent the surface motions of a planar radiating source as delta functions of radially expanding or contracting arguments with easily specified geometrical parameters, and present model near-field to far-field calculations of the launched sound waves using analytic and numerical integration. We show that significant features in these traveling impulses can easily be related to the details of the kinematic history of the planar source. We restrict our purview to the time domain and to radial symmetry; frequency analyses and azimuthally asymmetric motions will not be considered.
Effects of Masked Repetition Priming and Orthographic Neighborhood in Visual Recognition of Words

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The role of orthographic neighborhood (neighborhood size and neighborhood frequency) in visual-word recognition was analyzed using the masked repetition-priming paradigm. Specifically, we varied stimulus-onset asynchrony (33, 50, and 67 msec.) and type of prime (identical, unrelated, unprimed) in a lexical-decision task. Analyses show additive effects of repetition and stimulus-onset asynchrony. Further, the unrelated condition overestimated the repetition effects relative to an unprimed condition. Facilitatory effects of neighborhood size and inhibitory effects of neighborhood frequency were also found. The results are interpreted in terms of current models of visual-word recognition.
ROOM TEMPERATURE LCF BEHAVIOUR OF SUPERALLOY IN 718

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Low cycle fatigue (LCF) behaviour of Ni-Fe based superalloy IN 718 was studied at room temperature in the solution treated as well as aged condition. It was found to exhibit dual slope behaviour in the Coffin-Manson (C-M) relationship in both the above heat treated conditions; however, there is opposite trend in the slopes of the segments, corresponding to regimes of low and high strain amplitudes, in the two conditions. Interrupted LCF tests were carried out to investigate deformation behaviour, both at low and high strain amplitudes. These studies have revealed planar slip and cross slip as the dominant mechanisms of deformation operating at low and high strain amplitude respectively in both the conditions. Shearing of I particles, increasing with strain amplitude, was observed in the aged condition.
Collaborative writing in the workplace

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The author suggests that when technical experts team up to produce technical documents, dividing the workload horizontally, with each team member handling a separate chapter or section, does not work very well. He maintains that stratifying the project vertically, with a project team leader, a data gatherer, a writer, an editor, and a graphics person, is a more efficient and more effective method of collaborative writing. The process is quicker and the product is better because team members get to do what they are best at.< >
<b>Impacts of Macroeconomic Variables on Foreign Exchange Rate of SAARC Member Countries</b>

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Exchange rate (EXR) stability is crucial for especially the developing economies. This study examines the macroeconomic variables which affect EXR in member countries of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). To do the analyses, data from 1981 to 2019 was relied upon. To estimate the long-run coefficients, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) is incorporated. The outcomes of FMOLS exhibit that the variables such as trade, inflation, GDP, total debt services, trade openness, and tariff rate are inversely related to EXR while broad money is found to affect the EXR in positive. As a policy prospect, The Central Bank (CB) is needed to follow tight monetary policy to curtail liquidity of money in economy. It is recommended that CB to discourage government project financing that is to cause increase in money supply but to initiate trend line to facilitate GDP growth, trade, and imposition of tariff to curtail rising EXR.
Gestational Weight Gain and Offspring Cognition

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background: Two thirds of US women are not gaining the recommended weight during pregnancy (1) and 50% of women giving birth in the US are either overweight or obese (2). While little is known about the effect of gestational weight gain (GWG) on offspring cognition, previous research has shown that BMIs 24.9 may lead to impaired cognitive outcomes. Objective: To determine whether below or above recommended GWG has negative effects on cognition of the offspring and to determine whether pre-pregnancy BMI status affects offspring cognitive outcomes. Design: Pre-pregnant weight and GWG data were collected from a subset of women (n=221) enrolled in a phase III clinical trial from 2006-2010. The offspring of these women underwent habituation tests at ages 4, 6, and 9 months. We used both self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and first clinic visit weight to determine GWG (inadequate, appropriate, or excessive) and weight status (normal or overweight/obese) categories. Underweight status was removed from data analysis due to few subjects in that category. All statistical analyses used mixed models. Results: When self-reported pre-pregnancy weight was used to calculate GWG, several statistically significant three way interactions were found. However, these interactions lacked validity due to small sample sizes. There was one statistically significant relationship between GWG category and percentage of looking in sustained attention (SA) (p-value: 0.047). No statistically significant results were found when GWG was calculated based on weight at the first clinic visit. Conclusion: Women who gained weight appropriately during pregnancy had offspring with greater percentage of looking spent in SA. This finding suggests a more sophisticated level of information processing in infants of women who gained appropriately when compared to infants of women who gained inadequately or excessively. No clear associations were found between maternal weight status and offspring cognition in infancy. The effect of pre-pregnancy weight status may not manifest itself during infancy or be detectable on tests of habituation in infancy. If further research conducted, it might be beneficial to use a later measure of cognition.
Service Providers’ Perception of Providing Family-Centered Care for Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Understanding service providers ' perceptions of family-centred care (FCC) is essential to improve the processes and outcomes of children's services in early intervention. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the research on the Measure of Processes of Care-Service Provider (MPOC-SP) were performed to determine the extent service-providers of children with developmental disabilities perceive while they provided FCC. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on three databases. A total of 446 studies were retrieved, and 14 met the criteria of the current research. Meta-analysis for 2,094 service-providers of children with developmental disabilities that were included in 14 studies was conducted based on the four scales of the MPOC-SP. The aggregated means of the four factors of the MPOC-SP, showing interpersonal sensitivity, providing general information, communicating specific information, and treating people respectfully, is from 4.26 to 5.77. The result shows that treating people respectfully has the highest score while providing general information has the lowest one. Service providers are encouraged to focus on children's and their families' needs for general information. Further research on better understanding inter-professional service providers' perspectives of providing family-centred care and engaging professionals in intervention processes are recommended.
Minimization of the total loss rate for two finite queues in series

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We consider two finite capacity loss queues in series with Poisson arrival at the first queue, and with Erlang service time distribution at both queues. We assume that the service rate at the second queue is held fixed and that a maximum buffer space is globally available. For this model, we address the problem of optimally choosing the service rate at the first queue and the buffer space distribution over the two queues in order to minimize the steady-state total network loss rate. It is shown that a decrease of the service rate at the first queue can reduce the total network loss rate only if this lower service rate decreases the variability of the process feeding the second queue. Numerical results show that, when optimal values are assigned to the parameters of the model, a significant reduction of the network loss rate can be achieved, especially when the network load is moderate and when the service time distributions have a small variance. broad-band communication networks using asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) techniques is a potential field of application of these results.
FERMENTASI LIMBAH PADAT INDUSTRI TEPUNG AREN SEBAGAI SUMBER SERAT UNTUK TERNAK RUMINANSIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of research is to knows the effect of additive addition on solid waste from Arengan pinnata mills industry. A randomize complete design was used in this research. The treatments are addition of 5% molasses (P1), addition of 5% sludge of soy souce industry (P2), addition of 1% Urea (P3), addition of 5% molasses and 1% Urea (P4), and addition of 5% sludge of soy souce industry and 1% Urea (P5). Each treatment was replicated 4 times. The observe objects are degree of acidity, lactic acid dan ammonia content, contents of fiber fraction (Neutral Detergent Fiber, NDF; and Acid Detergent Fiber, ADF), crude protein content, ammonia production in rumen, and in vitro digestibility dry matter (IVDDM) and in vitro digestibility organic matter (IVDOM). Data were analyzed by variant analyses, and followed by Duncan Multipel Range Test. The research result showed that the treatments significantly effected on degree of acidity, lactic acid dan ammonia content, contents of fiber fraction (Neutral Detergent Fiber, NDF; and Acid Detergent Fiber, ADF), crude protein content, ammonia production in rumen, and in vitro digestibility dry matter (IVDDM) and in vitro digestibility organic matter (IVDOM). Addition 1% Urea and 5% Sludge of soy souce industry is the best result on nutrition quality of solid waste from arenga pinnata mills.
Using augmented reality technology for balance training in the elderly. A feasibility study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

BackgroundImpaired balance leading to falls is common in the elderly, and there is strong evidence that balance training reduces falls and increases independence. Reduced resources in health care will result in fewer people getting help with rehabilitation training. In this regard, the new technology augmented reality (AR) could be helpful. With AR the elderly can receive help with instructions and get feedback on their progression in balance training. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using AR-based visual-interactive tools in balance training of the elderly.MethodsSeven elderly participants (66-88 years old) with impaired balance trained under supervision of a physiotherapist twice a week for six weeks using AR-based visual-interactive guidance, which was facilitated through a Microsoft HoloLens holographic display. Afterwards, participants and physiotherapists were interviewed about the new technology and their experience of the training. Also, fear of falling, balance and physical ability were measured before and after training.ResultsMost participants experienced the new technology as positive in terms of increased motivation and feedback. Experiences were mixed regarding the physical and technical aspects of the HoloLens and the design of the HoloLens application. The majority of participants perceived that they were steadier after training; this was also shown in the balance tests. Also, most participants reduced their fear of falling after the training. Participants also described issues that needed to be further improved, for example, the training program was difficult and monotonous. Further, the HoloLens hardware was felt to be heavy, the application's menu was difficult to control with different hand maneuvers, and the calibration took a long time. Suggestions for improvements were described.ConclusionsThe study showed that training with the new technology is, to some extent, feasible for the elderly, but needs further development. Also, the technology seemed to stimulate increased motivation and adherence to training. However, the new technology and training requires further development and testing in a larger context.
Eco‐schooling and sustainability citizenship: exploring issues raised by corporate sponsorship

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Eco‐Schools, run by the charity Keep Britain Tidy and sponsored by the corporations ASDAN, EDF Energy, HSBC, and Homebase, are now the major vehicle for education for sustainable development in English schools. This article examines the ways in which corporations shape policy on sustainable development and education and goes on to suggest that corporate sponsorship may be limiting the potential of eco‐schooling to develop sustainability citizenship. It draws on Fielding and Moss%s advocacy of radical education, Dobson%s understanding of sustainability citizenship, and Hayward%s typology of environmental citizenship education, to recommend a more politically realistic approach to eco‐schooling. Lessons from the Eco‐Schools website and from The Pod are examined and revisions suggested to reflect this approach.
Feasibility study of Using Liquid Gel in Stabilizing Doogh by Hydrocolloids of Psyllium Husk and Guar Gum

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Liquid gel technology is a method that applies in stabilizing of suspension and dispersion of solid particles in beverages. Doogh which is an Iranian traditional and functional drink has allocated a unique position among consumers. Precipitation of hydrocolloids in Doogh has been always one of the most important challenge in producing this drink. Base of this fact, this study deals with using liquid gel technology (Guar gum and Hydrocolloids of Psyllium Husk ) .Different hydrocolloids concentration (0.01, 0.03, 0.05 %w/w) in Doogh heated to be hydrated at 80 ˚C resulting in producing Gel. Their flow behavior, particle distribution and microstructure analyzed, phase separation also evaluated by measuring volume of separated phases .Guar remarkably effected on Doogh flow behavior and caused to a high apparent viscosity in low shear rates, changing microstructure therefore changing particles size as well. It also subtracted the volume of separated phase .Xanthan and Psyllium increased stability of Doogh by increasing more repulsive force between particles, however larger particles precipitated. Samples containing Guar Gum indicated more yield stress.
The Recognition of Copyright Infringement under the Condition of P2P Network

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the network technology, P2P software represented by BitTorrent in solving the problem of transmission of the large capacity files is a good solution, but it makes the copyright administration more difficult. This paper analyzes network transmission main body under P2P network technology conditions, its copyright infringement forms, and constituents of copyright infringement in detail. It is thought that P2P network technology is a kind of neuter technology, whether there is any infringement of copyright depends on the results of bjective facts and on the users' purposes, and the paper also puts forward some suggestions on how to protect copyright under P2P network transmission conditions.
Entrepreneurship and Family Business Phenomenon

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Few authors have referred to the existing relationship between the topics of entrepreneurship and family business, but the number is in crescendo. In this work, we will make a description of each type of entrepreneurship offered by the literature, and select seven characteristics that most of them share. These characteristics are contrasted with every type of entrepreneurship and with the family business actors. At last, we will propose a study model, share some conclusions and recommendations for owner families.
Melancholia's Meerkat: A Poetic Leap

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

I think we learn to be worldly from grappling with, rather than generalizing from, the ordinary. —Donna Haraway The question that preoccupies me in the light of recent global violence is, Who counts as human? Whose lives count as lives? And, finally, What makes for a grievable life? —Judith Butler In a New York Times editorial piece published in May 2007 about the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Darfur, Nicholas Kristof lamented, not for the first time, that people “aren't moved by genocide.” “The human conscience just isn't pricked by mass suffering,” Kristof continues, and yet, as both anecdotal evidence and scientific research have repeatedly shown, “an individual child (or puppy) in distress causes our hearts to flutter.” He recounts a series of psychological and sociological experiments that have borne out what he calls “the limits of rationality,” including the fact that people who hear narratives or see images that “prime the emotions” by focusing on the plight of an individual suffering creature—say, a baby or “a soulful dog in peril”—respond more vigorously to that suffering than those who have had their “rational side” primed by performing math problems. Perhaps, Kristof proposes in disgust, what the Darfur situation needs in order to achieve the public recognition it deserves—let alone to effect actual change—is not statistics of mass genocide but a very photogenic, if appropriately sad-eyed, poster child, “a suffering puppy with big eyes and floppy ears.” “If President Bush and the global public alike are unmoved by the slaughter of hundreds of thousands of fellow humans,” he despairingly concludes, “maybe our last, best hope is that we can be galvanized by a puppy in distress.”