jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Improving selfishness detection in reputation protocols for cooperative mobile ad-hoc networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

MCN-MR (Multi-hop Cellular Network - Mobile Relay) has been proposed as a promising technology for future Beyond 3G and 4G systems due to its foreseen capacity to increase transmission rates and provide homogeneous quality of service levels in the service area. To this aim, mobile nodes are required to cooperate in the relaying of information of other nodes. As a result, selfish nodes refusing to relay packets can have damaging effects on the overall multi-hop connectivity of MCN-MR networks. Different reputation protocols have been already proposed to cope with selfishness in mobile ad-hoc networks, but they tend to overestimate the selfish behavior of nodes, due to the effects of radio errors or packet collisions that can be mistaken for intentional packet drops. Thus, the availability of valid multi-hop routes usable by nodes is reduced. In this context, this paper proposes and evaluates two techniques that improve the operation and ability to accurately detect selfish nodes of the watchdog detection mechanism that is generally employed in reputation based selfishness prevention protocols.
Automation of Telecom Italia directory assistance service: field trial results

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Directory assistance services, which are used to retrieve the phone number of residential or business listings, are generally maintained by telcos and represent a significant cost for them. Partial or complete automation of these services would imply significant cost savings and speech recognition is a promising technique to achieve this goal, although its full exploitation still presents significant technical challenges. Telecom Italia carried out a trial of a system designed to completely automate a portion of requests on a country wide basis without any intervention of the operator, implying recognition of residential names on a subscriber database of about 25 million listings. We describe the speech recognition system and report the trial results.
A STUDY OF ASIA’S WORLD-CLASS INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROJECTS AND BEST PRACTICES IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Asian continent is currently undergoing a phase of project and technology implementation as various investments are made in various engineering sectors to support the continent's rapid development. Management of a business through technology projects is similar to management of a business through the use of technology. To facilitate the rapid development of Asia, project and technology management is emerging as one of the most important disciplines for making sense of the large amounts of funding that are committed to numerous projects of this type. Engineering projects in Asia have not performed particularly well in the past. The majority of major public sector projects in Asia result in substantial cost and time overruns, draining national resources and delaying the benefits to the continent as a whole. Consequently, the project's benefits will be delayed. There have been reports that some engineering infrastructure projects have taken three times longer to complete than originally intended and approved, which has led the state, in conjunction with the nodal agencies responsible for overseeing public projects, to seriously consider ways to significantly improve the situation. The Asian economies are among the fastest growing economies in the world, and they are among the fastest growing economies in the world. A growing number of countries in the west are closely watching the fastgrowing Asian economies and strive to become part of this growth process in their own right as well, in order to become a part of this growth process in their own right.
In vitro multiplication of Pogostemon cablin Benth. through direct regeneration

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An efficient method was developed to initiate multiple shoots from nodal explants of Pogostemon cablin Benth. MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA initiated a mean of 45.66 shoots/nodal explant. Within 4 weeks of initiation, regenerated multiple shoots attained a height of 3.6 cm. Subsequent transfer of these in vitro derived nodal segments onto MS medium supplemented with BA and KN ( 0.5 mg/L), induced mean of 62.45 shoots. Higher concentration of either BA or KN more than 0.5 mg/L resulted in callus proliferation and showed hyperhydric shoots with morphological abnormalities. Rooting was readily achieved upon transfer of shoots on half strength MS medium supplemented with 100mg/L activated charcoal. Rooted shoots, following acclimatization in green house, were successfully transferred to soil with 91% survival. Also shoots regenerated in vitro were directly transplanted to soil and acclimatized. Tissue cultured plants were analyzed for oil content by employing gas chromatography and found that the patterns were similar to mother plants.
Microsites and structures used by fishers (Pekania pennanti) in the southern Sierra Nevada: A comparison of forest elements used for daily resting relative to reproduction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

© 2019 Many wildlife species rely on unique features of trees during daily activities and fundamental parts of their life cycle. The fisher (Pekania pennanti) is a forest-dwelling carnivore of conservation concern in western North America that uses unique habitat elements as refuges during resting bouts and for reproduction. Prior to this study, little was known about the fine-scale habitat used during reproduction at the southernmost extent of the fisher's range. Between 2007 and 2015, we attached radio-collars to 55 male and 72 female fishers in the southern Sierra Nevada and documented resting locations of males on 216 occasions (196 structures) and females on 824 occasions (737 structures). Beginning in 2008, we also monitored females over 8 reproductive seasons, confirming 45 females at dens and documenting 95 natal dens (83 structures) and 206 maternal dens (192 structures). We established 3 comparisons to guide our assessment of fine-scale habitat: resting males versus resting females, natal dens versus maternal dens, and resting fishers (both sexes) versus denning fishers (all dens). We expected the need for physical security and thermal protection in combination with morphology, predation risk, and aspects of reproductive ecology would influence patterns of use. Both sexes used a variety of microsites for resting, but females selected tree cavities most frequently (47%) while males used branch platforms most often (39%). For resting structures, live conifers were used most often by both sexes (males 44%, females 34%), but live hardwoods (males 16%, females 28%) and conifer snags (males 16%, females 22%) were also important. Comparing natal and maternal dens, we found that cavity microsites used early in the den season tended to be higher than those used later, and large live hardwoods comprised roughly half of all natal (46%) and maternal (51%) den structures. For resting versus denning, we found that large diameter hardwoods were an important source of cavities for both activities, live conifers used for denning were larger than those used for resting, and den structures tended to be on steeper slopes than rest structures. White fir (Abies concolor), California black oak (Quercus kelloggii), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were selected most often by both sexes for resting. In contrast, denning females relied on California black oak (55%), but also used white fir (24%) and incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens; 12%). As noted in studies further north, our findings highlight the value of large trees with decay to support fisher reproduction and daily refugia.
Skeletal myoblasts for cardiac repair in animal models

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cell therapy for cardiovascular disease has become a major area of research. Among different types of stem cells used for cardiac repair, skeletal myoblasts (SkM) are not endowed with the potential to differentiate into functional cardiomyocytes. However, certain characteristics such as their potential to give rise to mature myofibres, to induce vasculogenesis, or to alter collagen deposition and decrease fibrosis after infarction as well as their resistance to hypoxia provide an argument for their use in cell therapy approaches of cardiac diseases. A vast experience accumulated during the last 15 years in different animal models of cardiac disease clearly indicates that transplantation of SkM in models of chronic myocardial infarction is associated with improvement of cardiac function. Understanding the mechanism by which SkM contributes to heart function and increasing cell engraftment while reducing invasiveness of the procedure are reasonable steps in order to improve the functional results of cell therapy with SkM. Here we discuss some of the current approaches aimed to improve cardiac cell therapy with SkM.
Development and Evaluation of Herbal Lipbalm for Psoriatic Cheilitis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Psoriatic cheilitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the lips, causing discomfort and impacting quality of life. Current treatments have side effects, prompting the search for natural alternatives. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a herbal lip balm formulation using Euphorbia hirta a potent medicinal herb with anti-inflammatory properties and other natural ingredients for managing Psoriatic cheilitis. The developed lip balm was evaluated and results were acceptab and can be used as topical application for chapped Lips.
Effect of the Position on Hemodynamic Parameters in Elective Cesarean Sections with Spinal Anesthesia: A Retrospective Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim:Maternal hypotension after spinal anesthesia is the most common complication. We aimed to compare the haemodynamic effects of patient positions (supine or tilt) applied to avoid spontaneous hypotension in elective cesarean sections performed in our clinic with spinal anesthesia by examining the files of anesthesia records retrospectively.Methods:Data on the 133 elective caesarean sections done in 2017 was examined. Hemodynamic parameters, table position, use of ephedrine, need for additional drugs, and nausea and vomiting were recorded. Surgery started in the supine position in 64 patients (group S), and in the tilt position in 69 (group T). Group T was subdivided into 2 groups: group TS consisted of 29 patients in whom surgery started in the tilt, and continued in the supine position and group TT included 40 patients in whom the surgery was completed in the tilt position.Results:The hemodynamic values in group S were significantly lower than in group T, and a total of 43 patients were administered ephedrine. It was found that in group TT, only four of 40 patients required ephedrine and the total dose was lower than in other groups.Conclusion:We concluded that in elective cesarean sections, maternal hypotension in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia with 15°C tilt position on the left side of the patient is seen less than in patients undergoing in the supine position. In addition, starting with a 15°C tilt position and changing position to the supine position, make a deeper hypotension and increase the dose of ephedrine used.
R.1. Workshop: Strengthening the global dimension of education and training for public health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Schools and Departments of Public Health in Europe accept global responsibility, guided by the two key principles of solidarity and subsidiarity. They act as part of the international community, focusing on education for practice and research, in order to contribute to the global public goods essential for health. However, it is well-known that the health sciences as well as the target groups of public health …
THE BENEFICIAL ROLE OF SURVEYS IN THE INVESTMENT ANALYSIS FOR PUBLIC BUILT CULTURAL HERITAGE CONCESSIONS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract. Cultural heritage concession has increasingly been adopted as part of public-private partnership agreements in situations where the public administration itself proves to be unable to manage its own cultural heritage. Compared to other public-private agreements, such as sponsorships, concession operations are more complex in nature and require that all private parties involved commit themselves long-term. On the one hand the private partner should estimate costs and revenues in a precise way, which is even more difficult for historic buildings, and be responsible for both ordinary and extraordinary maintenance. On the other hand, the public entity should conceive some legal protection schemes aimed at ensuring the property’s correct management on part of the private partner. Therefore, some continuous and preventive conservation activity is in essence mandatory.In these kinds of operations, a refined survey can allow more precise quantitative and qualitative valuations along the entire process: starting from the launch of the call for tenders, where GIS systems can provide descriptive contents, to the definition of detailed investment analysis by the private partner, as well as the management stage, where the implementation of asset management information systems such as BIM tools will allow for quicker and more efficient monitoring and surveillance by the public partner.
Moral Landscapes: Mary Gladstone’s Reading Community

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

One of the most intriguing aspects of the hostess's role was serving as a relay station for ideas and opinions generated by members of her intellectual community. Like many of her activities, this one was traditional; for years, disseminating commentary had been part of the hostess's job, especially women who, like Mary Gladstone and Annie Fields, presided over highly literate gatherings. By the 1870s, however, the rapidity with which ideas could be circulated had accelerated, primarily because, as noted earlier, the mail-train and the postal service could now be depended on to deliver letters within twenty-four hours of their posting.1 Hence the process of discussing an issue before making a final judgment was facilitated by the relative rapidity with which notes could be exchanged.KeywordsRelay StationSocial ReformPublic ArenaAesthetic CriterionAcademic SocialistThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Association between Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and Indicators of Reflecting Independent Living among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine whether motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is associated with various indicators of independent living among community-dwelling older adults in Japan. The study design was a cross-sectional study, and the participants were 107 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 79 ± 7 years) who were living independently. The participants were administered the Questionnaire for Medical Checkup of Old-Old (QMCOO) as an indicator of health status and the Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence (JST-IC) as an indicator of higher levels of functioning capacity, among others. In addition, we assessed physical frailty (J-CHS), sarcopenia (AWGS2019), and MCR (slow gait + subjective memory complaints), which are predictors of adverse events in the elderly. Multiple regression analysis with QMCOO as the response variable showed that MCR (p = 0.01, β: 0.25) and physical frailty (p < 0.01, β: 0.43) were significantly associated. In addition, analysis with JST-IC as the response variable showed that MCR (p = 0.03, β: −0.20), physical frailty (p = 0.01, β: −0.24) and age (p = 0.02, β: −0.21) were significantly associated. In conclusion, MCR was found to be similarly associated with QMCOO and JST-IC as physical frailty. It is expected that the MCR will be used as an initial screening tool to identify signs of risk in community-dwelling older people, as it is easy to diagnose.
LHC BEAM IMPACT ON MATERIALS CONSIDERING THE TIME STRUCTURE OF THE BEAM

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we report numerical simulations of the ther- modynamic and the hydrodynamic response of a solid car- bon cylindrical target that receives the full impact of the 7 TeV/c LHC proton beam. The calculations have been done in two steps. First, the energy loss of the protons is calculated using the FLUKA code assuming solid mate- rial density. Second, this energy loss data is used as input to a two–dimensional hydrodynamic code, BIG2, to sim- ulate the hydrodynamic effects. As the material is heated due to the energy deposition, hydrodynamic motion sets in that modifies the density distribution in the absorption re- gion. This modified density distribution is then used in the FLUKA code to calculate the corresponding energy loss distribution. The new energy loss data is again used in the BIG2 code and the two codes are thus run iteratively with an iteration interval of 2.5 μs. These simulations have shown that as the target density decreases substantially due to the hydrodynamic motion, the protons that are deliv- ered in the subsequent bunches penetrate deeper into the target, thereby increasing the proton range significantly. It has been found that using this dynamic model, the LHC protons penetrate up to 25 m in solid carbon whereas the corresponding static range of the protons and the shower in solid carbon is about 3.5 m.
[Epidemiological aspects of congenital stridor].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of the present work was to study epidemiology of congenital stridor as a leading symptom of laryngeal malformation. The continuous sampling method was employed to perform the retrospective analysis of the growth charts of the patients attending three children's polyclinics in Moscow (9.625 patients born between 2005 and 2009). In addition, the medical histories of 4.623 newborn and breast-fed babies under the age of 1 year admitted to the Department of Newborn and Neonatal Pathology, Saint Vladimir City Children's Clinical Hospital, and 347 patients of the Department of Reconstructive Laryngeal Surgery were analysed. The children with the history of tracheal intubation in the preceding period were excluded from the study. The frequency of congenital stridor annually diagnosed in the aforementioned polyclinics varied from 0.17 to 5.8% compared with 1.5% in the general population. It was 2.21 to 3.14% (mean 2.47%) among the children treated at the Clinical Hospital. In the children under the age of 1 year, congenital malformations accounted for 90.8% of all laryngeal diseases. The principal cause of stridor was shown to be laryngomalacia. This pathology was diagnosed in 91.9% of the cases included in this study. In 11.2% of the patients, this condition occurred in combination with other congenital pathologies. It is concluded that the diagnosis of congenital stridor is an indication for laryngeal endoscopy regardless of the children's age starting from the first day of life. Meeting this recommendation allows the cause of stridor to be established and the treatment strategy to be developed on an individual basis.
Injectable Polymeric Microspheres with X-ray Visibility. Preparation, Properties, and Potential Utility as New Traceable Bulking Agents

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2-[2',3',5'-triiodobenzoyl]oxoethyl methacrylate (1), ratio 3:1 (mass:mass), was prepared via a free-radical polymerization in bulk. The copolymer (M(w) = 97.8 kD and M(n) = 41.5 kD) was dissolved in chloroform and subsequently transformed into beads with a diameter in the micrometer range, using a solvent evaporation technique. The resulting microbeads were characterized by different techniques, including NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, and scanning electron microscopy. The latter technique was used as the basis for statistical analysis of the bead size. Typically, an average diameter of 96 microm and a standard deviation of 21 microm were obtained. The beads were also subjected to some preliminary tests regarding cytotoxicity. The copolymer of MMA and 1 contains covalently bound iodine. Therefore, the material is intrinsically radiopaque, i.e., capable of absorbing X-radiation while no contrast additive is needed. Our interest in these microspheres stems primarily from their possible utility as injectable and afterward traceable (radiopaque) bulking agents, e.g., for use in urology for the treatment of female stress incontinence due to sphincter deficiency. As a first test into this direction, a sample of the microbeads was mixed with ethylene glycol, and the resulting suspension was studied with respect to injectability and radiopacity. The results suggest that the radiopaque microbeads may provide access to improved bulking agents. Further modification of the surface may be necessary in order to suppress the migratory aptitude of the radiopaque polymeric microspheres in vivo.
Functionalization of polyolefins by reactive processing: influence of starting reagents on content and type of grafted groups

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Previous studies carried out in our laboratory on the functionalization of ethylene polymers (homo and copolymers) through free radical processes, using mechanical mixers and/or extruders with diethylmaleate (DEM) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP), have shown that the presence of branched α‐olefin blocks favours degradation versus functionalization and crosslinking whereas these last are more effective with linear ethylene blocks. In this contest the present paper reports about attempts to extend the same processes to propylene polymers by benefitting of the indications of previous results. In particular the one step functionalization of EPM with two or more different groups was carried through the use of different monomers. Moreover the procedure was extended to polypropylene thus obtaining a significant functionalization degree flanked by a remarkable decrease of molecular weight.
Survey of Relation between Organizational Learning Elements and Development of Professional Skills of Engineers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract:The present study deals with surveying the relation of organization learning and professional development of engineers. The study was conducted as descriptive-correlative work. Statistic society is comprised of 188 engineers of Electro System Fars. As the size of the society is not considerable, the whole society was studies as sample society. For data gathering two questionnaires for assessment of organizational learning and professional skills were used. To make sure validity of the questionnaire the experts were consulted. Regarding reliability, Cronbach’s Alpha was used. Reliability of the questionnaires was obtained 0.93 and 0.87 for learning and professional skill respectively. The data were analyzed regarding Pierson’s correlation and regression analyses and significant relation was found between organizational learning and development of professional skill. Regression analysis showed that organizational learning elements are significant predictor for develop of professional skills. Square sum of 0.476 showed that 47.6 of the distribution in the development of professional skills is determined by organizational learning