jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Success Factors in a High School Algebra Intervention Program

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This quantitative study allowed investigation of a high school Algebra intervention program through examination of potential relationships among teachers’ beliefs about teaching and learning, teachers’ instructional styles, students’ academic self-concept in mathematics, and students’ mathematics achievement. Existing research focused on individual components used in this study on the elementary level; thus, leaving a gap in understanding of how factors related to the success of high school students. Results may provide information to teachers and administrators regarding relationships among factors shown to impact student achievement in mathematics, and provide evaluation of an Algebra intervention program at the secondary level. The researcher utilized the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Teaching and Learning Beliefs Questionnaire to identify beliefs about teaching and learning mathematics and the Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol (RTOP) to determine how closely instruction in Algebra classrooms aligned with constructivist practices. Students were given the Academic Self-Description Questionnaire II (ASDQII) as preand-post measures of academic self-concept in relation to mathematics; then, data were checked for relationships to achievement, measured by common semester final exams. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient analysis determined significant relationships existed between RTOP scores and the ASDQII prompts: I am hopeless when it comes to mathematics; work in mathematics is easy for me; and I get good marks in mathematics classes. Significant relationships were defined between Teaching Style and both Productive and Unproductive Teacher Beliefs, as well as between students’ academic self-concept in mathematics and overall mastery of Algebra content, measured by scores on common semester finals.
Design, Fabrication, and In Vivo Behavior of Chronic Recording Intracortical Microelectrodes

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A platinum-glass microelectrode has been developed that permits chronic recording from single cortical neurons in unrestrained animals and without benefit of external manipulation. Details of fabrication and the surgical technique involved are presented. A discussion of the relevant mechanical considerations is also included. A prime advantage of the method is the ease with which it may be realized in the standard neurophysiologic laboratory.
Keeping pace with competitors in CSR: from a perspective of competitive dynamics

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to investigate the antecedents of corporate social responsibility (CSR) from the perspective of competitive dynamics and proposes a correlation of CSR between competing firms because rival firms’ engagement in CSR induces the focal firm’s catch-up to keep pace with them. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of Chinese listed companies through the lens of firm dyads, and drawing on the awareness-motivation-capability (AMC) framework, a set of contingencies of firms’ competitive catch-up in CSR are examined, including the visibility of its competitors, the interdependence between the focal firm and its competitors and the focal firm’s resource slack. Findings The empirical results reveal that a focal firm’s CSR is in a positive relationship with that of its competitors, which is strengthened by the visibility of its competitors, the interdependence between the focal firm and its competitors, and is affected by the focal firm’s resource slack. Originality/value These findings uncover the interplay of CSR among competitors, enriching our understanding of its antecedents by extending the AMC framework to the CSR context.
Soft-sediment deformation structures of mottled clay in Huizhou Quaternary basin, coastal South China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Tectonically induced liquefaction and the resulting soft-sediment deformation structure (SSDS) can provide useful information on paleo-earthquakes, which is vital for the assessment of geohazard susceptibility in tectonically active regions. In this study, we combined sedimentary and chronological methods to the reveal detailed characteristics of the mottled clay in the Huizhou Quaternary Basin. The dating results suggest that mottled clay usually developed during the late Pleistocene, overlying the fluvial deposit or embedding homogeneous aeolian yellow silt. Mottled clay has a typical bimodal frequency distribution with modal sizes at 5 and 80–90 μm, which are identical to those of the yellow silt and the underlying fluvial sand, respectively. Micro-X-ray fluorescence mapping revealed high concentrations of Fe and Si in the red and white fraction, respectively. In addition, the red fraction of mottled clay has a high hematite content, similar to loess-like yellow silt, whereas the white fraction and the underlying fluvial sediments are dominated by goethite. This sedimentary evidence together suggests that the mottled clay could be an admixture of aeolian yellow silt and the underlying fluvial sand. Furthermore, diverse deformed structures (e.g., fragmented structures, sand veins, sand dykes and flame structures) were observed in mottled clay. Therefore, we suggest that the mottled clay structure in the Huizhou Basin is a product of liquefaction-induced SSDS. Tectonic activity was considered to have triggered the liquefaction and SSDS, which is supported by the close spatial relationship between the mottled clay and regional faults. We propose that the SSDS of mottled clay could be a potential indicator of paleo-earthquakes in the coastal Quaternary basins of the northern South China Sea.
Strategic Capacity Planning and Optimization in Communication Networks: A Case Study

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the complex task of capacity planning for IP-based communication sites, emphasizing the importance of strategic resource management and infrastructure optimization. It highlights the benefits of the methodology developed recently by the Czech Telecommunications Office (CTU) for both large and small providers. The study examines the implementation of an upspeed enhancement in communication sites operated by a major provider. Using CTU’s methodology, cost-effective adjustments were proposed, revealing an immediate bandwidth requirement of 1500 Mbps, closely aligning with the pre-upspeed value of 1000 Mbps (in one of considered scenarios). The analysis also demonstrated the feasibility of adding an additional Network Termination Point (NTP) within the existing 3000 Mbps limitation. However, to accommodate a fifth NTP, a bandwidth upgrade to 3500 Mbps would be necessary.
Schelling, Bloch, And The Continental Philosophy Of Religion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses some aspects of the approach to religion that philosopher J. W. F. Schelling developed in his late “positive philosophy”. It examines how Schelling's thoughts and ideas were taken up and revoked by Ernst Bloch. This chapter suggests that despite their differences, Schelling and Bloch both challenged contemporary continental philosophy of religion to clarify its ontology of freedom in the context of a possible religion after religion.
The politicization of the Internet’s Domain Name System: Implications for Internet security, universality, and freedom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the most contentious and longstanding debates in Internet governance involves the question of oversight of the Domain Name System (DNS). DNS administration is sometimes described as a “clerical” or “merely technical” task, but it also implicates a number of public policy concerns such as trademark disputes, infrastructure stability and security, resource allocation, and freedom of speech. A parallel phenomenon involves governmental and private forces increasingly altering or co-opting the DNS for political and economic purposes distinct from its core function of resolving Internet names into numbers. This article examines both the intrinsic politics of the DNS in its operation and specific examples and techniques of co-opting or altering DNS’ technical infrastructure as a new tool of global power. The article concludes with an analysis of the implications of this infrastructure-mediated governance on network security, architectural stability, and the efficacy of the Internet governance ecosystem.
Dermoscopia da sarna crostosa associada à síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida Dermoscopy of Norwegian scabies in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: The authors report here on the case of a female patient with Norwegian (crusted) scabies andacquired immunodeficiency syndrome whose compliance with antiretroviral therapy was poor. Definitivediagnosis was confirmed by direct microscopic examination, which revealed numerous Sarcoptes scabei.Dermoscopy showed pathognomonic scabetic burrows and brownish structures in the shape of a hand-gli-der with a millipede-like appearance. The latter constitutes a diagnostic feature in the pathology ofNorwegian scabies that has not yet been described. The patient responded well to oral ivermectin and top-ical vaseline with sulphur at a proportion of 10%. There was a simultaneous improvement in dermoscopicparameters.Keywords: dermoscopy; Sarcoptes scabiei; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Recebido em 11.08.2008.Aprovado pelo Conselho Consultivo e aceito para publicacao em 30.10.2008. * Trabalho realizado no Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay da Santa Casa da Misericordia do Rio de Janeiro (SCMRJ) - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.Conflito de interesse: Nenhum /
Pediatr Nephrol (2006) 21:160–168 DOI 10.1007/s00467-005-2105-4

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Renal clearance is an important route of drug elimination. While during the neonatal period there is minimal glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion of drugs, there is a well-described rapid development in these processes in the post-neonatal period. A less ap-preciated fact is that during toddlerhood, there is an “overshoot ” of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) well above the levels encountered in older children and adults, and there is an early achievement of adult levels in active drug secretion, which stays at a plateau throughout childhood and adulthood with an “overshoot ” in toddlers due to specific transport mechanisms. This phenomenon leads to dose requirements for renally excreted drugs in this age group being, on a per-kilogram basis, much larger than in adults. This review discusses the mechanisms related to renal ontogeny in drug handling.
Raloxifene analog (LY117018 HCL) ameliorates cyclosporin A—Induced osteopenia in oophorectomized rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cyclosporin A (CsA) administered to the oophorectomized (Ox) rat exacerbates the high turnover osteopenia associated with estrogen deficiency. 17β-estradiol replacement therapy prevents this bone loss. The aim of this study was to see whether an estrogen-like compound, Raloxifene analog (LY117018 HCL, Ral) could likewise ameliorate CsA-induced osteopenia in the Ox rat. Sixty 6-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into five groups, underwent oophorectomy. One group acted as a basal group and the others received either vehicle (group B), CsA 15 mg/kg/day (group C), Ral 3 mg/kg/day (group D), or CsA 15 mg/kg/day and Ral 3 mg/kg/day (group E) for 28 days by gavage. A sixth sham operated group of 12 rats received vehicle only (group A). Rats were weighed and bled on days 0, 14, and 28 for measurement of ionized calcium, glucose, osteocalcin (BGP), 17β-estradiol, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3). Tibiae were removed on day 28 for bone histomorphometry after double tetracycline and calcein labeling. Oophorectomy caused a significant gain in weight in groups B and C which was prevented by Ral in groups D and E. Randomized blood glucose levels and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels were elevated in both CsA-treated groups. Blood ionized calcium levels were lower in vehicle (group B) compared with sham (group A) on day 28. Ox (group B) had significantly higher serum BGP levels compared with sham-operated rats. Serum BGP levels were further elevated in group C compared with vehicle and were lowered in both Ral-treated groups to vehicle levels by day 28. Bone histomorphometry revealed a high turnover osteopenia with increased parameters of bone formation and resorption and loss of cancellous bone volume postoophorectomy (group B). CsA (group C) exacerbated the effects of oophorectomy. Ral (group D) completely prevented the high turnover osteopenia caused by oophorectomy and was able to attenuate substantially the effects of CsA in the Ox rat (group E). Ral therapy ameliorated CsA-induced osteopenia in the Ox rat and might prove a useful agent in preventing bone loss in postmenopausal women receiving CsA.
Academic Cheating Among Social Science and Engineering Undergraduates

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Academic cheating—a common and consequential form of dishonesty—has puzzled moral psychologists and educators for decades. The present research examined a new theoretical approach to the perceptions, evaluations, and motivations that shape students’ decisions to cheat. I tested key predictions of this approach by systematically examining students’ accounts of their own cheating. In two studies, I interviewed undergraduate students in psychology (n = 68) and engineering (n = 123) classes about their past experiences with plagiarism or other forms of cheating. Interviews assessed students’ perceptions of whether they were cheating, their evaluations of whether their actions were okay, and their motivations for doing what they did. Most students did not initially recognize their acts as cheating. While students generally thought cheating was wrong, they often judged the exceptional cases in which they cheated to be acceptable, citing concerns such as assignment goals and task feasibility. The findings suggest that perceptions, evaluations, and competing motivations play a key role in students’ decisions to cheat.
A review of the main approaches to knowledge management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to order and connect different perspectives on the creation and management of knowledge. Several proposals for the classification of the main approaches to knowledge management are considered and their connections and differences discussed. Three main groups emerge: measuring knowledge, managing knowledge (either with greater emphasis on the human factor or on information technologies) and creating knowledge. After selecting and analysing selection of the most relevant studies in this area, these concepts can be arranged into a continuum from a more descriptive perspective to a more normative one. The main contribution of this study is the compilation of literature on knowledge management and creation, along with the analysis of our own proposal for the classification of different approaches, depending on their more descriptive or more normative perspective.
Cloning of Dmrt1 Gene and Its Expression in Different Tissues of Oreochromis niloticus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Dmrt1 gene plays important roles in sex determination.The 140bp DM-box of Dmrt1 gene in Oreochromis niloticus was amplified by using degenerated PCR,and then subcloned and sequenced.The sequences from male and female O.niloticus were compeletely identica1.Compared with the human and mouse Dmrt1 gene,the sequences of Dmrt1 shared 77%nucleotide homology and 89% amino acid indentity.The results indicated that Dmrt1 genes were highly conservative in phylogeny.According the sequence of Dmrt1,specific primers were designed for RT-PCR in different tissues in adult O.niloticus.Dmrt1 expression was only detectable in testis,and no expression was detected by RT-PCR in the following tissues: ovary,eye,intestine,gill and heart.
Thymoma. The use of minimally invasive resection techniques.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Surgery remains the cornerstone of therapy for thymoma whether the lesion is encapsulated or invasive. Video-assisted thoracic surgical techniques may be applicable in a number of patients with encapsulated thymoma for definitive therapy, especially when combined with a transcervical approach to achieve total thymectomy. Initial experience with a minimally invasive approach for resection of thymomas is described. The development of new instrumentation facilitates the performance of these procedures.
Complete Genome Sequence of the RNAs 3 and 4 Segments of Rice stripe virus Isolates in Korea and their Phylogenetic Relationships with Japan and China Isolates

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The complete genome sequences of RNA3 and RNA4 of the 13 different Rice stripe virus (RSV) isolates were determined and characterized in this study to address the possible causes of the recent re-emergence of RSV that affected many rice fields in Korea. The genome size of each RNA segment varied among isolates and significant differences were observed in the intergenic region. There was up to 4% average divergence in the RNA4 nucleotide sequence among 13 Korean isolates and only 1.4% in the RNA3. Phylogenetic relationships among different Korean isolates revealed that there were at least 2 types of RNA3 and 4 distinct types of RNA4 genomes present in Korea. However, Korean isolates with one type of RNA3 predominate over the other while the occurrences of the RSV Korean isolates with the 4 types of RNA4 genome were not correlated to specific geographical areas. Results further indicate that RNA4 had diverged more than RNA3 and these differences in accumulation of mutations in the individual RNA segments indicate that genetic reassortment were likely to contribute to the genetic divergence in the 13 Korean isolates. All of the Korean-RNA3 sequences except for one isolate grouped with Chinese isolates (JY and Z). In contrast, the RNA 4 sequences segregated together with either Chinese (JY and Z) and Japanese (M and T) isolates but genetic relationships of Korean isolates- RNAs 3 and 4 segments to Chinese-Y isolate were low. Altogether, these results suggest that the occurrence of mixtures of RNAs 3 and 4 genotypes in the natural population of RSV may have contributed to the sudden outbreak in Korea.
Not Just Derision and Darkness: The Interplay of Lyrics and Music in Steely Dan’s Compositions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Steely Dan has long been identified with dark themes. But layers of nuance emerge when the intricate interaction between musical techniques and lyrics is considered. This study argues that even some of the group’s grimmest stories about human nature can be viewed as cautionary tales designed to enlighten the listener. Other compositions, though often sad, are tales of empathy and human kindness. Songs displaying a wide range of thematic tones—from dark to light—are examined through a double lens of words and music to yield four thematic categories: derision, admonition, irony, and sincerity.
Prediction of Soybean Yield using Self-normalizing Neural Networks

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nowadays, agriculture around the world is facing severe challenges because of global warming and rapid population growth. In order to maximize the agricultural production and minimize the environmental degradation at the same time, careful land-use planning and crop selection come to be crucial, where accurate crop yield prediction plays a key role. This research applies an emerging Deep Learning architecture called Self-normalizing neural networks (SNN) for yield prediction of the soybean, using numerical data obtained from official statistics to ensure high reliability and availability of data. Plentiful work has been done to improve the performance, including careful parameter tuning and application of early stopping and the learning rate scheduler. This study conducts an experiment to evaluate the performance of the model, and the results show that SNN can achieve a lower prediction error with sufficiently large training data compared with traditional machine learning methods, such as Support Vector Regression, and other Deep Learning techniques, such as Batch Normalization.
Immaterial Traditions: Evolving Values in the Practice & Preservation of Bhutanese Calligraphy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lying somewhere between art, craft and document, the place of calligraphy in Bhutanese culture is difficult to singularly define: individual practice and motivation conform to the predetermined aesthetic of alphabets, and creativity serves the pragmatic end of documentation. In Bhutan's ancient history, the art of handwriting developed out of necessity, used for religious records and correspondences Bhutanese society, given the convenience of digital text. While cultural preservation has been a political imperative in Bhutan since the 1960's, the preservation of traditional crafts is mostly limited to those that appeal to increasing tourist market. While the active preservation of Bhutan's unique cursive script is evident in recent efforts to program masterful handwriting into computer fonts, this method of preservation neglects the other elects of calligraphic art in its traditional form. The entire cycle of production, once in the control of the individual artist, has become standardized, and thereby incongruous with both traditional and modern intentions. Through discussion with calligraphers involved in the preservation of Bhutan's cultural heritage, this study examines the question: what exactly should be preserved? This study also provides detailed documentations of traditional material manufacture, in an attempt to illuminate the inexorable nature of calligraphic form and content. Can one isolate the product from the material, the material from the practice, the practice form the individual? What in this cycle is culturally extraneous, and what is worth preserving?