jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Crystalloids versus hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) in patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy for isolated traumatic brain injury: A prospective randomized controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The use of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) during neurosurgical patients is debatable. Previous literature suggests that HES interferes with coagulation parameters and kidney function tests. However, most of the evidence was extrapolated from studies including critically sick intensive care unit patients. Thus, we planned to compare crystalloids and HES for coagulation parameters in isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy. Materials and Methods: The prospective randomized controlled trial included the American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II adult patients (18– 65 years) with isolated TBI posted for decompressive craniectomy. Patients were randomized equally into two groups (Group Cs and Group Co). Group Cs received crystalloids (PlasmaLyte-A, Beiffe Medital S.A, Huesca, Spain) and Group Co received a combination of crystalloids (PlasmaLyte-A) and colloids (HES 6% 130/0.4, Voluven ® , Fresenius Kabi Ind Pvt. Limited). Coagulation parameters using sonoclot, intraoperative hemodynamics, brain relaxation score (BRS), blood loss, serum lactate, electrolytes, total intravenous fluids used, post-operative kidney function, and modified Rankin score (mRS) were compared in two groups. The continuous data were presented as mean ± Standard deviation, and categorical data as frequency (percentage). Inferential statistics such as the Chi-square test/Fischer Exact test and independent t -test were applied to compare the two groups. Results: A total of 60 patients were analyzed with 30 patients in each group. Sonoclot parameters were comparable in the two groups at baseline and the end of surgery. There were no differences in BRS, electrolytes, serum lactate, blood loss, urine output, use of vasopressors, post-operative parameters including urea, creatinine, and median mRS between the groups. Conclusion: We conclude that HES (130/0.4) may be safely given intraoperatively in limited dosages in isolated head injury patients as it does not affect coagulation parameters. Other intraoperative variables including hemodynamics, BRS, total blood loss, the total volume of fluids used, serum electrolytes, and serum lactate, urine output, and mRS were comparable between the groups. Short-term use of modern colloids was not associated with post-operative renal dysfunction.
IMPACT OF THE SPACE INDUSTRY ON CANCER INCIDENCEIN THE POPULATION OF KAZAKHSTAN:A LITERATURE REVIEW

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Relevance: Resolving the impact of the space industry on cancer incidence comes down to assessing and preventing the environmental risks caused by the Earth’s surface contamination with space debris and rocket fuel combustion waste. Components of liquid rocket fuel, like unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and others, have proven general toxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic properties. The research available in the world uses calculations of the individual inhalation and oral carcinogenic risk of the effect of UDMH and its derivative N-nitrosodimethylamine on public health. Cancer incidence is an indicator of the specific influence of carcinogenic and co-carcinogenic environmental factors on public health. The Ulytau region is particularly interesting since separating parts of launch vehicles usually fall there, and sub-route areas are located there. From 2020 to 2022, the Karaganda region, including districts and cities that later became part of the Ulytau region, ranked 5th in cancer incidence in Kazakhstan. The study aimed to analyze published data on cancer incidence among the population of the Ulytau region living near the areas where the separated parts of launch vehicles fell and determine the direction of further research. Methods: A literature search in the PubMed database and archives of Kazakhstani scientific editions revealed 35 literature sources that met the search criteria. The analysis included 29 scientific publications examining the health status of a population exposed to rocket and space activities, including reference materials. Data on morbidity and mortality from neoplasms in the population of several districts of the Karaganda region was analyzed. Results: Research data analysis showed conflicting conclusions regarding the influence of rocket fuel components on the health of the population living in the zones of influence of the rocket and space activities. Some researchers found increased morbidity and mortality in the population, but others did not reveal statistically significant differences with control groups. An analysis of data on the mortality of the population living near the regular and emergency areas of fall of separating parts of launch vehicles in the Karaganda region showed an increased mortality rate for some nosologies. Conclusion: No studies have compared the cancer incidence in the Ulytau region’s population living in areas adjacent to the fall areas of separating parts of launch vehicles with the control areas.
Residual Symmetries Applied to Neutrino Oscillations at NO$ν$A and T2K

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The results previously obtained from the model-independent application of a generalized hidden horizontal $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry to the neutrino mass matrix are updated using the latest global fits for the neutrino oscillation parameters. The resulting prediction for the Dirac $CP$ phase $δ_D$ is in agreement with recent results from T2K. The distribution for the Jarlskog invariant $J_ν$ has become sharper and appears to be approaching a particular region. The approximate effects of matter on long baseline neutrino experiments are explored, and it is shown how the weak interactions between the neutrinos and the particles that make up the Earth can help to determine the mass hierarchy. A similar strategy is employed to show how NO$ν$A and T2K could determine the octant of $θ_a (\equiv θ_{23})$. Finally, the exact effects of matter are obtained numerically in order to make comparisons with the form of the approximate solutions. From this analysis there emerges some interesting features of the effective mass eigenvalues.
Characterization of children with congenital zyka virus syndrome using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction:The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) is useful for evaluating the variability of clinical outcomes in children with congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZVS) and understanding their functional profile.Objective: To characterize body functions of children with CZVS according to the ICF.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included children with CZVS followed up by a physical therapist at a specialized health center.A data collection instrument evaluated sociodemographic and rehabilitation aspects, and the ICF was used.Results: Among ten evaluated children, 60% presented severe disability in tone of muscles of all limbs, and 80% presented moderate disability in mobility of joints generalized.Final considerations: The ICF allowed identifying variability of alterations in children with CZVS; the neuromuscular system was the most affected.
Sociocultural Theory and Language Learning as Performance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The author leads us on a journey of his years teaching additional languages through the use of performing arts. Drama, theater games, music, and other performance activities promote language use in authentic and engaging ways that differ from typical classroom activities and allow the language learners to have fun as they solve challenges in the target language. Drawing on the work of Lev Vygotsky and Sociocultural Theory, he demonstrates how learning is social and how learners create their knowledge by working with each other. Drama and creative arts are a powerful means for teaching and learning language because of the emotional support and encouragement it entails. He shows how performing arts engage learners intellectually, physically, and emotionally while offering supports and scaffolds that lead to powerful learning outcomes. He has effectively used these techniques with children and adults both at home and abroad in many different cultures and settings and argues that anyone can use these learning strategies to augment their teaching.
Full-field stress analysis by holographic phase-stepping implementation of the photoelastic-coating method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we describe a system for polariscopic and holographic phase-shifting implementation of the photoelastic-coating method for a full-field stress analysis. The easiest way to build the combined system is to employ a laser light source. However, coherent illumination introduces a signal-dependent speckle noise which worsens the accurate phase estimation and unwrapping. To answer the question of how it affects the phase retrieval of isochromatics, isoclinics and isopachics, we modeled in the present paper the phase-shifting photoelastic measurement in the presence of speckle noise through the calculation of the complex amplitudes in a Mach-Zender interferometer combined with a circular polariscope and made denoising of simulated and experimental fringe patterns. The latter were recorded at pure tensile load for PhotoStress (R)-coated samples with a mechanical stress concentrator.
Talent Management in the Era of Digital Transformation: Challenges and Prospects

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article explores the intricate landscape of talent management in the context of digital transformation, highlighting the associated challenges and prospects that organizations face. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the study employs a comprehensive literature review and library research to synthesize existing knowledge on the evolving role of talent management in a rapidly changing digital environment. The findings reveal that digital transformation significantly impacts recruitment, retention, and development strategies, necessitating a shift in traditional talent management practices. Organizations must adapt to technological advancements and changing workforce expectations, embracing new tools and methodologies to effectively engage and develop talent. Key challenges identified include the skills gap, resistance to change, and the need for continuous learning and development. Conversely, the prospects for enhancing employee engagement and fostering innovation through strategic talent management practices are promising. The study concludes that organizations must adopt a proactive and adaptive approach to talent management, ensuring alignment with digital transformation initiatives to achieve sustained competitive advantage. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on talent management by providing valuable insights into the interplay between digital transformation and effective talent strategies, offering practical recommendations for practitioners and scholars alike.
DSP based module for processing vibration signals of rotation machinery

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A DSP based module is developed in this paper to acquire the vibration signal from the IEPE vibration sensor and process the collected data to extract the characteristics of vibration signal. The technical specifications of the module are established and its hardware and software proposals are provided. In terms of hardware, the hardware design is introduced in detail including 16 signal conditioning circuits, A/D converter, FPGA, DSP, FLASH, SDRAM, and LAN interface. The FPGA's logic is also designed to drive and control the ADC, transfer the data between FPGA and DSP, and realize network communication with the TCP/IP protocol. On the software side, the program of DSP is described that is composed of the main program and the interrupt service routine. The performances of the designed module are tested and evaluated with some experiments of gear and bearing in time-domain or frequency-domain. The results show that the module's performances meet the design requirements, and the module can extract the typical fault characteristics of the rotating machinery.
On the Dividing Line between Cometary and Asteroidal Orbits

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A simplified form of the Jacobi integral in the three-body system Sun-Jupiter-comet or asteroid provides an excellent method for discriminating between cometary and asteroidal orbits. Omitting the librating bodies, unambiguous separation is obtained for all known objects with reliable orbital data, i.e., about 600 comets and 1800 asteroids. The only exception is the peculiar asteroid 944 Hidalgo – which is presumably a comet. The intermediate region is occupied exclusively by bodies revolving in resonance with Jupiter, and the value of the libration argument yields a sharp secondary criterion in these cases. Besides the direct perturbational capture of long-period comets from high-eccentricity orbits into Jupiter's family, a ring of nearly circular orbits between Jupiter and Saturn is suggested as another significant source of short-period comets. For these comets the subsequent operation of nongravitational effects gives a better chance of injection into small orbits of the Apollo type and for the formation of short-period meteor streams. Some phenomena (the outbursts of P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1, the probable recent splitting of one parent body into P/Whipple and P/Shajn-Schaldach) give reasons for speculation about the population of this region, too distant for the discovery of typical asteroids or comets, by interplanetary particles up to sizeable solid bodies.
Is It Possible to Promote Egg Consumption During Pregnancy? Findings From a Study on Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices in Kenya

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Eggs are nutrient rich and have the potential to improve maternal nutrition during pregnancy and birth outcomes, but cultural beliefs may inhibit consumption during pregnancy. Objective: To understand knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices, facilitators, and barriers related to consuming eggs during pregnancy in Kenya. Methods: The study had 3 phases. Phase I included in-depth interviews and free-listing and pile-sorting exercises with pregnant women (n = 36), husbands (n = 12), and mothers-in-law (n = 12) of pregnant women, and health providers (n = 24). Phase II involved egg preparation exercises with pregnant women (n = 39). Phase III involved a weeklong trial of egg consumption with pregnant women (n = 24). We used thematic content analysis methods to analyze qualitative data and tabulated quantitative data. Results: All participants recognized eggs as nutritious for pregnant women; 25% of pregnant women consumed eggs the previous day. However, participants believed eating too many eggs during pregnancy (1 or more eggs daily) leads to a large baby and delivery complications. Unaffordability and unavailability also inhibit consumption. Health workers are the most trusted source of information on maternal nutrition. Almost all women complied with the household trial, said they would continue eating eggs and would recommend eggs to other pregnant women in moderation. Conclusions: Although participants believed consuming eggs during pregnancy is beneficial, cultural norms, practices, and beliefs may prevent pregnant women from eating them daily. Interpersonal communication from health workers and agricultural policies to promote affordability could lead to increased consumption.
Working pottery with flaked stone tools: a preliminary experimental approach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[EN] In this paper, we present the result of a series of experiment aimed at reproducing specific types of use-wear traces related to the use of flaked stone tools in pottery production and maintenance tasks. This experimental programme is focused to the study of the functionality of some stone tools from Neolithic sites located in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The experiments and the resulting traces are described in details in the following text. A good correspondence between the archaeological and experimental traces has been observed. Our results testify that different types of tools (unretouched flakes, unretouched blades, retouched blades, borers) were used for different actions associated with the production of pottery vessels.
<title>Use of the holmium:YAG laser in urology</title>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Holmium-YAG is a versatile laser with multiple soft- tissue applications including tissue incision and vaporization, and pulsed-laser applications such as lithotripsy. At 2140 nanometers, the wavelength is highly absorbed by tissue water. Further, like CO2 laser, the Holmium produces immediate tissue vaporization while minimizing deep thermal damage to surrounding tissues. It is an excellent instrument for endopyelotomy, internal urethrotomy, bladder neck incisions and it can be used to resect the prostate. The Holmium creates an acute TUR defect which gives immediate results like the TURP. More than 50 patients were treated from Jan. 1996 to Jan. 1997 for obstructive symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder neck stricture, urethral stenosis, and superficial bladder tumors.
Automated regression testing in Power Grids applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

During development of any kind, the testing process is a big part in terms of time and money. Automating the testing procedure to run regression tests more frequent and in an effective manner makes the development phase a simpler and more development focused activity. This thesis will study the possibility of automating the release testing of new platforms by using statistical tolerances on ABB FACTS products. To do this, a research and literature study regarding tolerances within control systems and automated testing including regression testing is used. The result of the study presents a proof of concept that the release testing can be automated using statistical tolerances as verification.
The rule of law and the political economy of criminalisation: An agenda for research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article argues for an institutional approach to criminalisation scholarship, drawing on historical and comparative methodologies, and on the resources of several disciplines including law, sociology and political science. It goes on to sketch the sort of research agenda which is implied by that approach, with a view to laying the intellectual building blocks for a broad political economy of criminalisation within modern societies committed to the Rechsstaat/rule of law. The article describes how this framework developed out of recent work in the apparently discrete fields of historical and of comparative studies, of doctrinal analysis of criminal law, and of socio-political analysis of criminal punishment in modern societies. The main outlines of these projects are set out in the first part of the article, which then moves on to consider how they may be brought into dialogue so as to inform the construction of a further research agenda. This agenda, which seeks to contribute to the building of a general understanding of the place of criminalisation and punishment within the governance frameworks of various kinds of social order which share a commitment to Rechtsstaat/rule of law ideals, is sketched in the third part of the paper. In conclusion, the article argues that such a research agenda implies an expansive conception of punishment and society scholarship.
Adding equine chorionic gonadotropin to the G6G protocol improves pregnancy rate of dairy cows under heat stress conditions

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

We studied 663 cyclic lactating Holstein cows in an industrial farm near Qazvin, Iran, from June 2119 to September 2020. We investigated the effects of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) hormone administration 80 h before the implementation of the Ovsynch and fixed-time artificial insemination (OVS + FTAI) program in the form of the G6G protocol on pregnancy rate and reproductive parameters of dairy cows in the first postpartum insemination under heat stress conditions. The cows were randomly assigned to one of the following protocols and received the following treatments: G6G (prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α)-2d-gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-6d-OVS+FTAI(GnRH(GnRH1)-7d-PGF2α(PG)-56h-GnRH-18h-FTAI, n = 213), 300 international unit (IU) eCG+G6G (300e+G6G) (PGF2α-2d- GnRH-64h-300 IU,eCG-80h-OVS+FTAI, n = 231), and 500 IU eCG+G6G (500e+G6G) (PGF2α-2d-GnRH-64h-500IU,eCG-80h-OVS+FTAI, n = 219). The overall pregnancy rates of cows in the G6G, 300e+G6G, and 500e+G6G protocols were 29.5 ± 0.03%, 33.7 ± 0.03%, and 35.6 ± 0.03%, respectively. The 500e+G6G protocol increased the pregnancy rate of cows with a body condition score (BCS) ≤ 2.5 compared to the G6G protocol (P = 0.04). The 500e+G6G protocol significantly increased the pregnancy rate of cows that produced > 34 kg milk per day compared to the G6G protocol (P = 0.03). In conclusion, using 500 IU, eCG 80 h before the implementation of the OVS+FTAI program in the form of G6G protocol had beneficial effects on increasing the pregnancy rate of cows that had a BCS ≤ 2.5 or produced > 34 kg milk per day compared to the G6G protocol under heat stress conditions.