jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tissue distribution and real-time fluorescence measurement of a tumor-targeted nanodevice by a two photon optical fiber fluorescence probe

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Real-time fluorescence measurement in deep tumors in live animals (or humans) by conventional methods has significant challenges. We have developed a two-photon optical fiber fluorescence (TPOFF) probe as a minimally invasive technique for quantifying fluorescence in solid tumors in live mice. Here we demonstrate TPOFF for real-time measurements of targeted drug delivery dynamics to tumors in live mice. 50-femtosecond laser pulses at 800 nm were coupled into a single mode optical fiber and delivered into the tumor through a 27-gauge needle. Fluorescence was collected back through the same fiber, filtered, and detected with photon counting. Biocompatible dendrimer-based nanoparticles were used for targeted delivery of fluorescent materials into tumors. Dendrimers with targeting agent folic acid and fluorescent reporter 6-TAMRA (G5-6T-FA) were synthesized. KB cell tumors expressing high levels of FA receptors were developed in SCID mice. We initially demonstrated the specific uptake of the targeted conjugates into tumor, kidney and liver, using the TPOFF probe. The tumor fluorescence was then taken in live mice at 30 min, 2 h and 24 h with the TPOFF probe. G5-6T-FA accumulated in the tumor with maximum mean levels reaching 673 ± 67 nM at the 2 h time point. In contrast, the levels of a control, non-targeted conjugate (G5-6T) at 2 h reached a level of only 136 ± 28 nM in tumors, and decrease quickly. This indicates that the TPOFF probe can be used as a minimally invasive detection system for quantifying the specific targeting of a fluorescent nanodevice on a real-time basis.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Decomposition of N2O over Rhodium‐Loaded Metal Oxides.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Prostacyclin synthesis-stimulating plasma factor in different age groups].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The vascular synthesis of prostacyclin (PGI2), the most powerful endogenous inhibitor of platelet aggregation and vasodilator, plays a central role in prevention of vascular damages by uncontrolled platelet aggregation. PGI2 seems to be an important defense mechanism of vascular system against, among others, the development of atherosclerosis. The PGI2-production of blood vessels is stimulated and thereby decisively influenced by a plasma factor (PF). This PF participates in the pathogenesis of several diseases. This activity of PF is for instance increased in renal insufficiency, which explains partly the haemorrhagic diathesis occurring in this illness. On the other hand there seems to be a hereditary lack of PF in patients suffering from thrombotic-thrombocytopenic purpura or haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. The PF was estimated in 62 healthy subjects collected in 8 age groups by means of bioassays and RIA-determination of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, the stable PGI2-metabolite, in tissue cultures. No differences of PF in the different age groups could be demonstrated. These findings support the view, that the PF as an important regulator of vascular PGI2-synthesis is functioning absolutely normal in older age.
Atypical antipsychotic (clozapine) self‐poisoning in late pregnancy presenting with absent fetal heart rate variability without acidosis and delayed peristalsis in the newborn baby: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of an attempted suicide with atypical antipsychotic (clozapine) in late pregnancy is reported. Toxic effects of clozapine in the mother as well as in the fetus and newborn were observed. It should be remembered as a rare cause of unexplained loss of consciousness in pregnant women, a cause of abnormalities on fetal cardiotocogram as well as a cause of delayed peristalsis in a newborn baby.
Upper German Dialects as a Linguo-Cultural Phenomenon

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Introduction. The study attempts to reveal the role of the dialect as a linguo-cultural phenomenon through the prism of its semantics. The lack of studies on dialects from the linguo-cultural point of view – modern cultural linguistics is mostly focused on standard languages and national cultural codes – determines the novelty and relevance of this issue. Methodology and sources. The research content consists of more than 100 Bavarian and Swabian dialect words which reflect culture specifics of each region, selected from the 20th- 21st centuries fiction, regional media materials and local advertising by using the systematic sampling method. To identify the regional culture specifics, the study provides a two-level method, based on the analysis of lexicographic sources and results of the interview and questionnaire of 66 respondents. The updated range of denotative and connotative meanings of each lexeme is considered within 10 thematic groups.Results and discussion. It has been found out that the researched dialects clearly reflect the South German regional tradition and history which can be traced in the semantics of the dialect words. Despite the globalization, a partly similar historical development of the two regions, as well as the belonging of the Bavarian and Swabian dialects to the same dialect continuum, the analysis of the dialect semantic structures within thematic groups revealed some similarities and differences which lead to conclusions regarding the specifics of the South German linguo-cultural code.Conclusion. It has been concluded that the further study on linguistic variety from the interdisciplinary point of view, including cultural linguistics and pragmatics, allows to better understand the role of dialect in modern communication.
In Vitro HIV Type-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitory Activity from Leaf Extracts ofScoparia dulcisL.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aqueous and methanolic crude extracts of Scoparia dulcis L. leaves were screened for activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activity. The results were expressed as IC50. Zidovudine, which was used as a standard drug, showed an IC50 of 38.0 μg mL−1, whereas the aqueous and methanolic extracts from leaves of S. dulcis showed an IC50 of 60.0 and 47.0 μg mL−1, respectively. In this study, methanolic extract of S. dulcis leaves showed remarkable HIV type-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity comparable to that of a standard such as zidovudine. Observed results using standardized parameters indicated that S. dulcis has promising HIV type-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity.
Isolation and identification of entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from the Eastern Black Sea region and their biocontrol potential against Melolontha melolontha (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A survey was conducted for entomopathogenic nematodes in various agricultural fields in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. A total of 77 soil samples were collected from 15 distinct geographic areas during 2010-2011. Seven entomopathogenic nematode isolates (ZET02, ZET04, ZET09, ZET28, ZET31, ZET35, and ZET76) were detected from the soil samples (9.1% positive) using the Galleria baiting technique. Morphological and molecular characterizations of the isolates were performed for species identification. Five isolates were identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (ZET02, ZET04, ZET09, ZET28, and ZET35) and 2 isolates were identified as Steinernema feltiae (ZET31 and ZET76). The efficacy of all isolates was tested on Melolontha melolontha larvae in plastic boxes and pot experiments. Different concentrations of nematodes at 0, 500, 1000, or 2000 infective juveniles (IJs)/mL and 2 different temperature regimes (15 and 25 °C) were used. One hundred percent mortality was obtained from the ZET09 and ZET35 isolates at a concentration of 2000 IJs/mL at 25 °C. The same isolates also provided 100% protection with 100 IJs/cm^2 in strawberry planted pot experiments.
The MEMOWAVE project: A phase I/II clinical trial targeting treatment of mild cognitive impairment through sound stimulation during slow‐wave sleep

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a highly prevalent syndrome especially among the elderly, but its treatment remains challenging. The MEMOWAVE project is a phase I/II randomized, double blind and cross‐over clinical trial. The first objective is to validate the safety and tolerance of a device consisting of a small microphone, also equipped with electroencephalographic electrodes, inserted in the external ear canals. The device produces pink noises during slow‐wave sleep based on real‐time EEG acquisition. The second objective is to investigate the effectiveness of this device in amplifying cerebral slow waves during sleep through sound emission. The third objective is to study the effect of this stimulation on memory consolidation, attention, executive functions, insight, creativity and mood in patients with MCI. Indeed, there is converging evidence that deep slow‐wave sleep plays a major role in these aspects. This process has already shown improvements in memory performance in healthy subjects and during normal aging. Method Twenty‐four patients between 40 and 85 years of age will spend three nights in a Center for sleep disorders. Their cognitive functions, insight, creativity abilities and mood will be tested before and after a night of slow wave stimulation or placebo (device in place without stimulation), in a randomized and crossover fashion. Result We expect that this device will represent a simple therapeutic approach, easily tolerable by the patient, and able, if successful, of being offered quickly to a larger population of patients with MCI. Conclusion We are proposing a new innovative methodology for the treatment of MCI which we are going to test for safety and efficacy.
Elements of developmental care for the premature newborn

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

VĂ˝voj nezralĂŠho novorozence je ovlivnÄn nejen terapeutickĂ˝m pĹĂ­stupem, ale takĂŠ managementem a kvalitou poskytovanĂŠ oĹĄetĹovatelskĂŠ pĂŠÄe. CĂ­lem vĂ˝vojovĂŠ pĂŠÄe u pĹedÄasnÄ narozenĂŠho novorozence je podpoĹit jeho sprĂĄvnĂ˝ vĂ˝voj a omezit negativnĂ­ dopad stresujĂ­cĂ­ch intervencĂ­. Koncept vĂ˝vojovĂŠ pĂŠÄe pĹedpoklĂĄdĂĄ individuĂĄlnĂ­ pĹĂ­stup, jednotnĂ˝ postoj personĂĄlu, kterĂ˝ se na pĂŠÄi o novorozence podĂ­lĂ­, Ăşpravu prostĹedĂ­ a vnĂ­mĂĄnĂ­ rodiÄĹŻ jako partnerĹŻ v pĂŠÄi o dĂ­tÄ.
The Neuromuscular Compartments of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lim, Aymeric Y.T. M.B.B.S., F.R.C.S.; Kurmar, Prem V. M.B.B.S., F.R.C.S.; Hua, Jiang M.D.; Pereira, Barry P. B. Eng., M. Eng.; Pho, Robert W.H. M.B.B.S., F.R.C.S.
Population Dynamics of Predatory Phytoseiid Mite, Neoseiulus longispinosus (Evans) on Brinjal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The peak incidence of was observed on brinjal during second fortnight of April 2018 i.e. during 17 (2.375 active N. longispinosus th stages/leaf) and 18 (2.318active stages/leaf) standard meteorological week (SMW).The incidence of egg stage was found to range from th 0.00 to 0.42 per leaf.Phytoseiid mite population showed a decreasing trend when temperature increased or decreased than 37.0 °C.Temperature range from 15.5 to 26.1°C (mid-October to end of February) was not found favourable for the development of N. longispinosus under natural conditions The population of eggs and active stages of s was found to have a positive correlation with maximum .N. longispinosu temperature while it showed a negative correlation with minimum temperature.A negative correlation of rainy days was also observed with the population of eggs and active stages of .N.
Non-responders to a Lifestyle Survey: A study using telephone interviews

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The study examines 38 per cent (627/1,642) non-responders to a postal lifestyle survey among adults aged 16 to 70 years of age. Non-responders were more likely to be male and aged 16 to 34 years than responders. Thirty-seven per cent (232/627) of all non-responders had an available telephone number. Those with an accessible telephone number were less likely to be aged 34 years or under. Fifty-nine per cent (136/232) of the sample were interviewed by telephone. Compared to original study responders, participating non-responders were more likely to be: males (53 per cent against 44 per cent); aged between 16–34 years (25 per cent against 15 per cent); smokers (37 per cent against 21 per cent) and regular drinkers (57 per cent against 46 per cent) although not necessarily heavier drinkers. Participating non-responders differed in health check attendance being less likely, if ever, to have had a recent eye, hearing, well wo/man or cervical smear check. On the other hand, they were more likely to have been for a dental check in the last year (69 per cent against 58 per cent) and to express a greater need for information about where to go for health care (52 per cent against 24 per cent). They were less stressed by relationships (24 per cent against 36 per cent) but more stressed by caring for their family (60 per cent against 45 per cent).The study sample was not representative of all non- responders. Nevertheless, findings generally confirm results from previous studies and identify non- responders, including those who respond to this type of follow-up, as having specific demographic and health- related characteristics which are different from those of responders. The health needs of non-responders, which are often not considered, need to be addressed.
Feed manufacturing.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There are two main systems used for feed manufacturing. Both use the same individual processes, and the only difference is the sequence in which they are arranged. The pre-milling system is more commonly used in modern feed mills because of economic reasons (e.g. energy cost, investment). In this system, weighing out is done prior to grinding. The pre-grinding system was used more in the past when fewer raw materials were available and mash was the main means of feed presentation. This chapter focused on the pre-milling system sequence as it is more commonly used and better for rabbit feed manufacturing.
International developments in shipping

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Looking back at the 5th session, at the spirit of its debates and negotiations and at its results, one could indeed conclude that it reflected more cooperation than the preceding ones. Some of the reasons why this happened may be found in the general development. However, to a great extent it was owed to the personality of the President, Mr. Quartley, the Shipping Commissioner in the Government of Ghana. He had proved his ability to chairing international meetings already in IMCO and elsewhere. He has encouraged cooperation by the members of all groups with the effect that no decision was taken under pressure. The 5th session has therefore been that with the least number of resolutions adopted but one of the most successful.
A MODEL OF COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION, JOB LEVEL, COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE JOB, JOB SATISFACTION, AND CAREER CHANGE ACTIVITIES.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A model of communication apprehension, job level, communication requirements of the job, job satisfaction, and career change activities was developed. Questionnaires from 351 employees provided support for the model in correlation, regression, and structural analyses. Implications for practice, theory, and further research were discussed.
Dynamic Expressivism about Deontic Modality

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract William Starr’s chapter explores a dynamic semantics for deontic “must” and “may” which is “expressivist.” The aim of the chapter is to show that the difficulties for such a semantic analysis stem largely from assumptions in truth-conditional semantics that can be relaxed. The key is to adopt a logic of actions, rather than contents, one which surprisingly yields truth-conditional semantics as a special case. Perhaps the most important feature of the analysis is that “Zoyd must share” and “It’s not the case that Zoyd must share” produce entirely different kinds of effects on what’s taken for granted when they are communicated – unlike “Zoyd shared” and “It’s not the case that Zoyd shared” which both convey information. This is motivated by a general discussion of expressivism, where it is argued that the expressivist must offer a positive account of expressive communication that differs from descriptive communication.
3D reconstruction of the 50s ribosomal subunit of escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The three-dimensional (3D) structure of the large ribosomal subunit from E. coli was determined from micrographs of a negatively stained 50S particle preparation using our new reconstruction scheme. The 50S subunit occurs in electron microscopical preparations mainly in the crown-view orientation with the interface side of the main body situated parallel to the specimen plane, but in random in plane orientations. An image of such a specimen tilted by a large tilt angle, which inherently contains a conical tilt series of the particle, was used to calculate a 3D reconstruction.
Reductions without Regret: Avoiding Wrong Turns, Roach Motels, and Box Canyons

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This is the third of three papers (in addition to an introductory summary) aimed at providing a framework for evaluating future reductions or modifications of the U.S. nuclear force, first by considering previous instances in which nuclear-force capabilities were eliminated; second by looking forward into at least the foreseeable future at the features of global and regional deterrence (recognizing that new weapon systems currently projected will have expected lifetimes stretching beyond our ability to predict the future); and third by providing examples of past or possible undesirable outcomes in the shaping of the future nuclear force, as well as some closing thoughts for the future. In this paper, we provide one example each of our judgments on what constitutes a box canyon, a roach motel, and a wrong turn: Wrong Turn: The Reliable Replacement Warhead: Roach Motel: SRAM T vs the B61: and A Possible Box Canyon: A Low-Yield Version of the W76 SLBM Warhead. Recognizing that new nuclear missions or weapons are not demanded by current circumstances ₋ a development path that yields future capabilities similar to those of today, which are adequate if not always ideal, and a broader national-security strategy that supports nonproliferation and arms control by reducing the role for, and numbers, of nuclear weapons ₋ we briefly consider alternate, less desirable futures, and their possible effect on the complex problem of regional deterrence. In this regard, we discuss the issues posed by, and possible responses to, three example regional deterrence challenges: in-country defensive use of nuclear weapons by an adversary; reassurance of U.S. allies with limited strategic depth threatened by an emergent nuclear power; and extraterritorial, non-strategic offensive use of nuclear weapons by an adversary in support of limited military objectives against a U.S. ally.
Synaptic plasticity within the interpeduncular nucleus after unilateral lesions of the habenula in neonatal rats.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In rats, synaptic terminations of the medial habenular (MH) afferents to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) are just beginning to form at the time of birth. The alterations in synaptogenesis resulting from unilateral MH lesions placed in neonatal rats were demonstrated with the autoradiographic and degeneration methods after the operated animals had reached maturity. The distribution of S synapses, en passant MH afferents to the central IPN, is normally 95% ipsilateral to their MH of origin in spite of the fact that their axons cross through the contralateral half of the IPN one or more times. The lesions result in a symmetrical distribution of S synapses from the remaining MH. The density of this projection on each side is equal to the normal ipsilateral density of termination. Crest synapses, present in intermediolateral IPN bilaterally, consist of two endings which contact a narrow dendritic process. Normally, the two endings arise one from each MH at 90% of crest synapses, and two from the same MH at 10%. After unilateral MH lesions in neonates, approximately 96% of crest synapses are formed by two axons from the one remaining MH. At only 4% of crest synapses one or both processes is heterologous, that is, of non-MH origin. These findings demonstrate that synapse formation on IPN neurons preferentially favors MH afferents, both normally and when left-right interaction is precluded by a neonatal unilateral lesion. Left-right interactions normally occur at both the level of the left and right sides of the IPN with regard to S synapses and individual left and right habenular afferents at crest synapses. Plasticity at crest synapses is considerably greater in neonates compared to adult rats. Control of these phenomena can be understood as the interaction of multiple factors. These may include specific determinants localized to the presynaptic axons, particularly prior to synaptogenesis and competition for synaptic space, especially with regard to S synapses and perhaps involving synapse elimination. There is also evidence for postsynaptic determinants both in the separation of synaptic types into separate subnuclei and in the formation of crest synapses in the IPN regardless of the presence of normal or reduced numbers of MH afferents, or their total absence.
Systematic Literature Review: A Comparative Study of Tech-Startup Success Factors Between Developing and Advance Economies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Tech startups' popularity has attracted investors, entrepreneurs, policymakers, and scholars for decades.Furthermore, a tech startup is a concept of entrepreneurship that utilizes the role of new and innovative technology to drive the firm's scalability in terms of investment and profit creation.In the Western world, a tech startup is not new, and the emergence of the world's renowned tech startup ecosystem, such as Silicon Valley, has inspired other parts of the world to do so in developing entrepreneurship.In this paper, a systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the success factors of tech startups in both developing and developed economies.The search string found 3,062 academic papers, and 57 studies were selected and analyzed due to the systematic review.The result shows 13 success factors identified in developing economies and 15 success factors in developed economies.The initial result of the systematic review of the startup success factors reveals a significant difference between success factors in developing and developed countries.In developing economies, external and organizational factors are the most relevant to the startup's success.On the other hand, in advanced economies, the most relevant factors are driven by individual factors.