jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Seprate and semi continus sewing methods during and after Heart valves Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Aims: Various therapies and surgeries are applied in heart valve surgery, including interrupted and semi-continuous suture techniques. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the clinical implications of two methods of interrupted and semi-continuous suture techniques during and after mitral or aortic valve replacement surgery among patients referred to Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: In this study, the required information of patients was collected through the checklist based on the objectives of the study. The subjects had undergone aortic or mitral valve replacement for heart valve replacement suturing with continuous or interrupted suturing techniques. The patientschr('39') records were examined to investigate the complications, and in case that the required information was not registered, the patient or his relatives were also contacted so that the patient could be examined and referred to the hospital by the patientchr('39')s surgeon. Results: The mean age scores of patients undergoing surgery in the continuous and interrupted suture groups were obtained as 53.06±13.48 and 52.86±12.97 years, respectively. It was revealed that there was a large distribution of heart valve leakage, arrhythmia, heart attack, valve infection, involved valve type, and aortic and mitral valve size in the two groups; however, there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the rate of cardiac function and complications caused by the two techniques of continuous and interrupted suturing were not significantly different from each other; therefore, these two methods were not superior to each other due to the mentioned cases.
Triple Combination Therapy Using Metformin, Thiazolidinedione, and a GLP-1 Analog or DPP-IV Inhibitor in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Although there is no HbA1c threshold for cardiovascular risk, the American Diabetic Association-recommended goal of HbA1c < 7.0% appears to be unacceptably high. To achieve an optimal HbA1c level goal of 6.0% or less, a high dosage of sulfonylureas and insulin would be required; the trade-off would be the common adverse effects of hypoglycemia and weight gain. In contrast, hypoglycemia is uncommon with insulin sensitizers and GLP-1 analogs, allowing the physician to titrate these drugs to maximum dosage to reduce HbA1c levels below 6.0% and they have been shown to preserve β-cell function. Lastly, weight gain is common with sulfonylurea and insulin therapy, whereas GLP-1 analogs induce weight loss and offset the weight gain associated with TZDs. A treatment paradigm shift is recommended in which combination therapy is initiated with diet/exercise, metformin (which has antiatherogenic effects and improves hepatic insulin sensitivity), a TZD (which improves insulin sensitivity and preserves β-cell function with proven durability), and a GLP-1 analog (which improves β, α-cell function and promotes weight loss) or a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Probiotics, prebiotics and gastrointestinal health

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

yoghurts and other soured milk products have been consumed for hundreds of years in the belief that they provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. This therapeutic use evolved well before the existence of micro-organisms was recognised and the bacteria that later became the basis of probiotic supplements were isolated. Research has shown that probiotic and prebiotic dietary supplements can influence the microflora of the digestive tract and may have very important roles to play in human health.1 Although scientific understanding of probiotics and their potential for preventing and treating health conditions is in its infancy, evidence-based research on efficacy and tolerability is rapidly accumulating. The terms probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic are defined in the box on this page.
Mobile Phone Use in Social Settings: A Multinational Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mobile commerce relies extensively on mobile phones, which, unlike wired e-commerce client computers, can be used anywhere and anytime and consequently are often used in social situations including restaurants, theaters, and buses. Use of mobile phones in these environments affects not only the user but also co-located people who can be bothered by ringing phones, overheard conversations, and clicking keys. How people perceive the impact of mobile phones in these situations may vary by user factors such as age and work status, and by the culture of the country in which the user is located. We have conducted a multinational study of attitudes about mobile phone use in social situations to which we have received over 1000 responses from five countries. This paper presents the first results from this study.
Neonatal Intracranial Hemorrhage in Premature Infants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since the advent of modern methods of neonatal care, intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants, which is usually intraventricular, is probably not as uniformly fatal as generally admitted and the survivors are likely to develop post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. This paper is a retrospective study of 11 premature babies born between 1968 and 1972 and diagnosed as haying hydrocephalus secondary to neonatal intracranial hemorrhage. Nine of these are still alive and two have died, one at 3 and one at 17 months of age. Eight underwent permanant surgical drainage of hydrocephalus. The perinatal history, laboratory data, clinical evolution, and neurological outcome were studied. Two groups of infants were identified: those with signs of acute neurological deterioration in the neonatal period who had the most severe neurological sequellae (in four cases, periventricular lesions in addition to hydrocephalus were seen on the air study and in one case confirmed at autopsy) and those showing no obvious neurological signs in the neonatal period. Of this latter group, two appear to be developing normally. The therapeutic implications of the findings are discussed.
Socio-demography, nutritional status and physical activity among elderly in Samarahan division, Sarawak, Malaysia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The physical activity among elderly has been associated with reduction of risk from all-cause mortality and improve physical, mental, and social well-being. The objectives were to determine the physical activity status among elderly in Samarahan Division, Sarawak and its association with socio- demographic characteristics and nutritional status. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 199 elderly, aged between 60 to 90 years, from rural area in Samarahan Division (Asajaya and Simunjan district), Malaysia. Socio-demographic characteristic was taken via questionnaire, nutritional status and body composition of the elderly was measured using anthropometric measurement, and physical activity using pedometer. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26. The proportion of physically active among elderly was 12.6% and mean daily steps are 3946 steps (SD=1669 steps). Multiple linear regressions revealed that age, body mass index (BMI), and sex were significant associated with physical activity. Lack of physical activity among elderly remain a problem. Understanding these predictors related to physical activity is important for designing intervention program.
Fractional Calculus in Machine Learning: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fractional calculus generalizes classical differentiation and integration to non-integer orders, enabling models to incorporate long-range dependencies and memory effects. These properties are increasingly relevant in machine learning, especially for problems involving dynamic, nonlocal, or complex systems. This review surveys the mathematical foundations of fractional calculus, its integration into various machine learning paradigms, performance advantages over traditional methods, and the open challenges that motivate future research.
Cryopreservation Studies in Aquaculture from Past to Present: Scientific Techniques and Quality Controls for Commercial Applications

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this section, cryopreservation of fish genetic resources, which is one of the important applications to ensure the sustainability of genetic resources of freshwater fish species, is discussed. At the same time, information is provided about the possible sources of contamination that may be encountered during cryopreservation applications. In this context, the results of sperm, egg, and embryo cryopreservation studies of fish and their success and failure in applications were evaluated in addition to the process from past to present. Information is given about the contamination that may develop depending on the applications in the process of cryopreservation and dissolving processes, as well as the studies carried out to eliminate extracellular disease agents. In the section, in addition to the evaluation of the results of scientific studies, commercial companies that commercially carry out gamete cryopreservation applications are also included. The contamination that may develop depending on the applications in the process of cryopreservation and thawing processes, as well as the studies carried out to eliminate extracellular disease agents are mentioned.
A Community-Based, Culturally Tailored Behavioral Intervention for Korean Americans With Type 2 Diabetes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to test the efficacy of a culturally tailored comprehensive type 2 diabetes management intervention for Korean American immigrants (KAIs) with type 2 diabetes. Methods A randomized controlled pilot trial with 2 parallel arms (intervention vs control) with a delayed intervention design was used. A total of 79 KAIs, recruited from the Baltimore-Washington area, completed baseline, 18-week, and 30-week follow-ups (intervention, n = 40; control, n = 39). All participants had uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (hemoglobin A1C ≥7.5%) at baseline. The authors’ comprehensive, self-help intervention program for type 2 diabetes management (SHIP-DM) consisted of a 6-week structured psychobehavioral education, home glucose monitoring with teletransmission, and bilingual nurse telephone counseling for 24 weeks. The primary outcome of the study was A1C level, and secondary outcomes included an array of psychobehavioral variables. Results Using analysis of covariance, the findings support that the proposed intervention was effective in significantly lowering A1C and fasting glucose and also in improving psychosocial outcomes in the sample. Specifically, the amount of reduction in A1C among intervention group participants was 1.19% at 18 weeks and 1.31% at 30 weeks, with 10% and 15.5% of the participants achieving the suggested goal of A1C <7% at 18 and 30 weeks of follow-up, respectively. Conclusions The results highlight the clinical efficacy of the SHIP-DM intervention composed of a 6-week education program, self-monitoring, and follow-up counseling, in terms of maintaining the improved intervention effects obtained and in terms of glucose control.
An unprecedented outbreak investigation for nosocomial and community-acquired legionellosis in Hong Kong

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The environmental sources associated with community-acquired or nosocomial legionellosis were not always detectable in the mainland of China and Hong Kong, China. The objective of this study was to illustrate the control measures implemented for nosocomial and community outbreaks of legionellosis, and to understand the environmental distribution of legionella in the water system in Hong Kong, China. Methods We investigated the environmental sources of two cases of legionellosis acquired in the hospital and the community by extensive outbreak investigation and sampling of the potable water system using culture and genetic testing at the respective premises. Results The diagnosis of nosocomial legionellosis was suspected in a patient presenting with nosocomial pneumonia not responsive to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics with subsequent confirmation by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigenuria. High counts of Legionella pneumophila were detected in the potable water supply of the 70-year-old hospital building. Another patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis presenting with acute community-acquired pneumonia and severe diarrhoea was positive for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing on both sputum and nasopharyngeal aspirate despite negative antigenuria. Paradoxically the source of the second case was traced to the water system of a newly commissioned office building complex. No further cases were detected after shock hyperchlorination with or without superheating of the water systems. Subsequent legionella counts were drastically reduced. Point-of-care infection control by off-boiled or sterile water for mouth care and installation of water filter for showers in the hospital wards for immunocompromised patients was instituted. Territory wide investigation of the community potable water supply showed that 22.1% of the household water supply was positive at a mean legionella count of 108.56 CFU/ml (range 0.10 to 639.30 CFU/ml). Conclusions Potable water systems are open systems which are inevitably colonized by bacterial biofilms containing Legionella species. High bacterial counts related to human cases may occur with stagnation of flow in both old or newly commissioned buildings. Vigilance against legionellosis is important in healthcare settings with dense population of highly susceptible hosts.
Assessment of Service Members Knowledge and Trust of the Department of Veterans Affairs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) mission is to fulfill our nation's enduring commitment to Veterans. The VA recently faced crises and is currently undergoing a transformation. As a result, one of VA's top priorities is regaining the trust of the Nation's Veterans, Service Members, and the public. This research was designed to assess whether Service Member knowledge of VA and joint VA and Department of Defense (DoD) programs and perception of VA as a trusted organization affect potential use of VA program.
Classification of Odors and Structure–Odor Relationships

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In spite of considerable recent progress in olfaction studies, the sense of smell remains poorly understood, and the description of perceived odors is still a difficult task. When our understanding of olfaction is compared with that for other senses, such as vision, there are striking differences: In the field of vision, the absorption spectra of electromagnetic radiation are easily measured and provide information to predict the perceived colors of substances. As the molecular features responsible for the characteristics of light absorption are well known, the colors of substances, such as dyes, can be predicted with reasonable accuracy. The situation is much more obscure for the olfactory properties of substances, as in olfaction there is no equivalent for absorption spectra, and descriptions of odors, which are absolutely necessary to establish structure–odor relationships, have been far from rigorous.
Partial computerization of purchase system in Sysmech Automation Pte Ltd

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The major focus of most papers in the past had been confined to the computerization of accounting systems. Few studies attempted to examine the computerisation of purchasing systems in manufacturing firms. Sysmech Automation, operating in Singapore is chosen for this study because one of the authors worked at the company during her business attachment. It is a medium sized manufacturing company with a manual purchasing system. This study attempts to examine the requirements, problems and solutions of the computerization of a manual purchasing system. The methodology used is the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The focus of the study is systems analysis and general design. However, the other phases will be briefly mentioned. A recommendation is given, based on the SDLC, which would satisfy most of the needs of the end users.
Characterization of porcine-specific surface (S-) layer protein carrying Lactobacillus species, S-layer proteins and the adhesin of Escherichia coli F18 fimbriae : Potential applications for veterinary medicine

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Lactobacilli, common members of porcine intestinal microbiota, have been considered to be an important group of bacteria in maintaining the stability of gastrointestinal tract (GIT), preventing intestinal infections and supporting intestinal health. Because several species of lactobacilli have GRAS (generally regarded as safe) status and some of them have an ability to interact with intestinal epithelial cells, their possible applications as mucosal vaccine vector and/or probiotics have aroused interest. Selection criteria for lactobacilli to be used as vaccine vector or probiotic include the abilities to adhere to the intestinal epithelium cells and colonize the lumen of the GIT. Bacterial adhesins are often found in hair-like appendages called pili or fimbriae that extend outward from bacterial surface. Alternatively, they can be directly associated with the microbial cell surface. Surface layer proteins (Slps) of lactobacilli have been shown to confer tissue adherence. In this study, S-layer carrying lactobacilli from the intestine and faeces of pigs were isolated and their ability to adhere was studied. Besides the putative binding properties of Slps, a very large number of Slp subunits present in an S-layer make the use of the S-layer structure a very interesting alternative to surface display antigens. Therefore, the aim was to characterize the S-layer proteins. Two new surface layer proteins with potential to be tested as antigen carriers were characterized, and three slp genes were isolated, sequenced, and studied for their expression. To identify the S-layer carrying lactobacilli strains of porcine origin, a polyphasic taxonomic approach was applied. These results indicated that strains from Finland and the related L. sobrius strains, originating from elsewhere, constitute a single species, L. amylovorus, and that the name L. sobrius should be considered as a later synonym of L. amylovorus. The F18 fimbriae carrying Escherichia coli strains cause post-weaning diarrhoea and edema disease in pigs. The adhesin FedF of E. coli F18 fimbriae was characterized. The work aims at developing lactobacilli as a live mucosal vaccine vector for pigs against diseases caused by F18+ E. coli. Oral immunization of weaned piglets with adhesins is known to induce a protective mucosal immune response. Naked FedF appeared to be very unstable but we could produce it as a fusion protein with maltose binding protein (MBP). Specific adhesion to isolated porcine intestinal epithelial cells was demonstrated with MBP-FedF fusions as well as the ability of anti-MBP-FedF antibodies to prevent binding of E. coli F18 to porcine epithelial cells.
Low electrode induced optical losses in organic active single layer polyfluorene waveguides with two indium tin oxide electrodes deposited by pulsed laser deposition

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate that 20nm thick indium tin oxide (ITO) layers deposited by pulsed laser deposition present sheet resistance as low as 130Ω∕◻ and very uniform morphology, with an average roughness of about 0.4nm, and peak-to-valley roughness as low as 8.2nm. This good uniformity allowed us to realize a single layer polyfluorene active waveguide with both top and bottom ITO electrodes showing clear amplified spontaneous emission and electrode induced losses as low as 3.0cm−1. We investigated the effects of hole injection in the ASE intensity concluding that complete gain suppression due to polaron absorption would take place for current density of about 360mAcm−2.
Assessment of Ferocactus gatesii Populations in Bahía de los Ángeles using Manual Collection and UAVs

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Bahia de los Angeles is an archipelago consisting of 16 islands with diverse cactus populations (West 2002). Restricted to a subset of these small islands is an endemic cactus, the Bahía de los Ángeles biznaga (Ferocactus gatesii). Despite its rarity, and loss of individuals due to illegal harvesting, there have been no quantitative surveys of this population, and little is known about their recruitment or ecology (West 2002). The goal of this study is to assess the F. gatesii populations in Bahia de los Angeles using both terrestrial and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) methodologies, to assess the accuracy and effectiveness of UAV census for this species. From a total of 16 islands in Bahía de los Ángeles, a subset of three islands were selected for this study. Dronedeploy was used to capture images, stitch them together, and form a high-resolution image of the island. These images were used to identify individual F. gatesii, and each was measured ('trunk' diameter) and assessed for reproductive status (flowers). The same parameters were collected on the ground. Surveyors walked the entirety of the islands and identified individual cactus. All parameters collected through field work were compared to those collected using UAVs. Preliminary analysis shows the UAV can correctly identify 100% of F. gatesii greater than 18 cm in diameter, while also identifying reproductive status. This suggests that, for monitoring adult populations of this threatened endemic, UAV surveys provide a rapid and effective method, but that there may be limitations in identifying newly-recruited individuals.
GnRH agonist for triggering final oocyte maturation: time for a critical evaluation of data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

GnRH agonist for triggering final oocyte maturation: time for a critical evaluation of data Sir, We read with great interest the manuscript by Humaidan et al. (2011).In this review, the authors summarize the published evidence regarding the use of GnRH agonist for triggering final oocyte maturation in patients undergoing IVF.By combining the results of six recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the authors suggest that when a modified luteal phase support (LPS) is employed, following GnRH agonist triggering, pregnancy rates are comparable with those achieved after hCG triggering and standard LPS.Moreover, they suggest that GnRH agonist triggering combined with a modified LPS results in elimination of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).These findings are very interesting, since they support the notion that GnRH agonist triggering when combined with a modified LPS is both an effective and safe treatment.We would like to elaborate on the data presented by the authors and extend the implications of the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of GnRH agonist triggering.