jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Application of SnO2 nanoparticle as sulfide gas sensor using UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Sulfide gas monitoring is required to protect organisms from its toxicity. Nanoparticles of metal oxides have characteristics that applicable as sensors for controlling environmental pollution like sulfide gas. Thin film of SnO2 as one part of the sulfide gas sensor was synthesized with the chemical liquid deposition method, and characterized by UV/VIS/NIR-Spectrophotometer before and after gas application, also using FTIR, SEM and XRD. Characterization studies showed nanoparticle sizes from the diameters range of 38-71 nm. Application of SnO2 thin film to sulfide gas detected by UV/VIS/NIR Spectrophotometer with diffuse reflectance showed chemical reaction by the shifting of maximum % R peak at wavelength of 1428 cm. The benefit of measurement of sulfide gas using this SnO2 nano thin film is that it could be done at the room temperature.
Determination of Force Coefficients for a Submerged Rigid Breakwater under the Action of Solitary Waves

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present an analysis related to the evaluation of Morison and transverse force coefficients in the case of a submerged square barrier subject to the action of solitary waves. To this purpose, two-dimensional experimental research was undertaken in the wave flume of the University of Calabria, in which a rigid square barrier was provided by a discrete battery of pressure sensors to determine the horizontal and vertical hydrodynamic forces. A total set of 18 laboratory tests was carried out by varying the motion law of a piston-type paddle. Owing to the low Keulegan–Carpenter numbers of the tests, the force regime of the physical tests was defined by the dominance of the inertia loads in the horizontal direction and of the lift loads in the vertical one. Through the use of the time series of wave forces and the undisturbed kinematics, drag, horizontal inertia, lift, and vertical inertia coefficients in the Morison and transverse semi-empirical schemes were calculated using time-domain approaches, adopting the WLS1 method for the minimization of the difference between the maximum forces and the linked phase shifts by comparing laboratory and calculated wave loads. Practical equations to calculate these coefficients as a function of the wave non-linearity were introduced. The obtained results highlighted the prevalence of the horizontal forces in comparison with the vertical ones which, however, prove to be fundamental for stability purposes of the barrier. An overall good agreement between the experimental forces and those calculated by the calibrated semi-empirical schemes was found, particularly for the positive horizontal and vertical loads. The analysis of the hydrodynamic coefficients showed a decreasing trend for the drag, horizontal inertia, and lift coefficients as a function of the wave non-linearity, while the vertical inertia coefficient underlined an initial increasing trend and a successive slight decreasing trend.
Short report on research trends during the COVID-19 pandemic and use of telehealth interventions and remote brain research in children with autism spectrum disorder

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the delivery of face-to-face (F2F) therapeutic interventions and neuroimaging assessments for children with autism spectrum disorder has been disrupted. To resume interventions and assessments, many services are now using telehealth-based online platforms. Using the Zoom conferencing platform, our research group has been providing creative play-based interventions to school-age children with autism spectrum disorder. The feedback on this telehealth intervention experience has been generally positive (mean satisfaction score: 4.4 on a 5-point Likert-type scoring range) and our preliminary data from six children with autism spectrum disorder suggest training-related improvements in gross motor, balance, and imitation skills. Despite the positive results, it remains to be explored if the effects of telehealth interventions are similar to those of F2F interventions. Neuroimaging techniques could provide objective measures of intervention effects. However, this will require researchers to resume neuroimaging research while adopting safe public health protocols to control the risk of COVID-19 transmission. In this short report, we summarize existing safety protocols for F2F neuroimaging research, our own experiences of safely conducting alternative, on-site and off-site neuroimaging data collection, as well as the potential opportunities of using online data sharing and low-cost, remote neuroimaging/electrophysiological techniques to continue brain research during the pandemic. Lay abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption in F2F healthcare delivery and neuroimaging research, especially when involving vulnerable populations such as children with autism spectrum disorder. Given the easy access to multiple video conferencing platforms, many healthcare services have moved to an online delivery format (i.e. telehealth). It is important to monitor the behavioral and neural effects of telehealth interventions and resume neuroimaging research while adopting public health safety protocols to control the risk of COVID-19 transmission. We summarize existing safety protocols and our own experience from in-person functional near-infrared spectroscopy neuroimaging data collection (on-site, at home, and in outdoor settings), as well as potential opportunities of using online data sharing and low-cost, remote neuroimaging/electrophysiological techniques to continue brain research during the pandemic.
Local production of agricultural fuel: conversion of alfalfa to ethanol. Final report

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Initial project goals were to determine the economic and technological feasibility of producing fuel grade ethanol from the sugars contained in alfalfa and other legumes using a small-scale, single-farm production facility. These data indicate that alfalfa from the field does have reducing sugar present before any breakdown due to the presence of the mold. There is also plenty of natural bacterial contamination which quickly depletes the sugar supply. However, if the alfalfa is autoclaved prior to incubation, the number of bacteria present in the samples is greatly reduced. There was no difference between the flasks which contained an inoculum of Tricoderma reesei and those that did not. Analysis of these solutions failed to show any trace of cellulase activity even after 288 hours (12 days). Therefore, one can also conclude that the Tricoderma reesei strain QM9414 does not grow on alfalfa under these conditions. Future experiments will involve different conditions of temperature and pH. Acid insoluble lignin levels in our 3rd cutting alfalfa samples range from 16.8% to 19.77% with an average of 18.3%. This agrees well with the levels of 13.8% and 15.9% reported by Linder, et al. Results of lipid, water, protein, lignin and cellulose analysis of alfalfamore » are given. Over 80% of the cellulose in alfalfa can be converted into glucose. Subsequent fermentation by S. carlisbergenois produced near theoretical yields of ethanol. However, the cost of the hay was $440.00; the market value of the ethanol was $120.00. The poor economics results since only 13.1% of the alfalfa contains cellulose. Results show that while production of ethanol from legume-type plants is technically possible, it is not economically feasible.« less
Quantifying the complexity of short-term heart period variability through k nearest neighbor local linear prediction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The complexity of short-term heart period (HP) variability was quantified exploiting the paradigm that associates the degree of unpredictability of a time series to its dynamical complexity. Complexity was assessed through k-nearest neighbor local linear prediction. A proper selection of the parameter k allowed us to perform either linear or nonlinear prediction, and the comparison of the two approaches to infer the presence of nonlinear dynamics. The method was validated on simulations reproducing linear and nonlinear time series with varying levels of predictability. It was then applied to HP variability series measured from healthy subjects during head-up tilt test, showing that short-term HP complexity increases significantly from the supine to the upright position, and that nonlinearities are involved in the generation of HP dynamics in both positions.
Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Reveal the Involvement of PRT6 in Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Responsiveness to Ethylene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In Arabidopsis thaliana, the breaking of seed dormancy in wild type (Col-0) by ethylene at 100 μL L−1 required at least 30 h application. A mutant of the proteolytic N-degron pathway, lacking the E3 ligase PROTEOLYSIS 6 (PRT6), was investigated for its role in ethylene-triggered changes in proteomes during seed germination. Label-free quantitative proteomics was carried out on dormant wild type Col-0 and prt6 seeds treated with (+) or without (−) ethylene. After 16 h, 1737 proteins were identified, but none was significantly different in protein levels in response to ethylene. After longer ethylene treatment (30 h), 2552 proteins were identified, and 619 Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) had significant differences in protein abundances between ethylene treatments and genotypes. In Col, 587 DEPs were enriched for those involved in signal perception and transduction, reserve mobilization and new material generation, which potentially contributed to seed germination. DEPs up-regulated by ethylene in Col included S-adenosylmethionine synthase 1, methionine adenosyltransferase 3 and ACC oxidase involved in ethylene synthesis and of Pyrabactin Resistance1 acting as an ABA receptor, while DEPs down-regulated by ethylene in Col included aldehyde oxidase 4 involved in ABA synthesis. In contrast, in prt6 seeds, ethylene did not result in strong proteomic changes with only 30 DEPs. Taken together, the present work demonstrates that the proteolytic N-degron pathway is essential for ethylene-mediated reprogramming of seed proteomes during germination.
Effect of ethyloestrenol on fibrinolysis in the vessel wall.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Forty-nine patients with decreased fibrinolytic activity in the vessel walls or a decreased release mechanism, or both, were treated with ethyloestrenol for three to 17 months. Forty-five of the patients had had recurrent, phlebographically verified, deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and four had arterial thrombosis. Ethyloestrenol 8 mg/day was given to 31 patients and 4 mg/day was given to 12. The remaining six patients had been treated with a combination of phenformin and ethloestrenol. The phenformin was withdrawn but they were kept on ethyloestrenol 8 mg/day. Another 15 patients with a normal fibrinolytic system--four with recurrent DVT and 11 with severe arteriosclerosis--were given ethyloestrenol 8 mg/day. The spontaneous fibrinolytic activity, local fibrinolytic activity during standardised venous occlusion of the arms, and fibrinolytic activity of the vessel walls increased significantly after treatment with ethyloestrenol 8 mg/day for three months. No further increase occurred after three months, and ethyloestrenol 4 mg/day had no effect. No values rose significantly in the patients with a normal fibrinolytic system. One patient suffered a recurrence within three months of treatment, before the fibrinolytic system became normal. In one patient the fibrinolytic defect reappeared after 10 months in spite of continued treatment. Two of the three women of fertile age developed irregular cycles and intermenstrual bleeding, which disappeared when the treatment was withdrawn. No other side effects were observed.
Slowly Digestible Starch from Debranched Waxy Sorghum Starch: Preparation and Properties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Effects of debranching time, storage time, and storage temperature on production and structural properties of slowly digestible starch (SDS) were investigated. Waxy sorghum starch was hydrolyzed by isoamylase for various times (0–24 hr), and the variously debranched products were stored at ‐30, 1, and 30°C for 1–6 days. Optimal conditions for SDS production were isoamylase treatment for 8 hr and storage at 1°C for three days, resulting in SDS content of 27.0% in the optimum product. Microscopic observation revealed that rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and SDS were removed from the edges and surfaces of the optimum product by α‐amylase digestion. Digestion conditions that removed RDS and SDS resulted in a residue with a higher transition temperature and enthalpy than raw starch on a differential scanning calorimetric thermogram. Removal of RDS alone did not cause distinct decrements of peak temperature ( T p ) and enthalpy (Δ H ) compared with stored starch. The optimum SDS product showed an amorphous type of X‐ray diffractogram. Digestive removal of RDS from the optimum product gave a residue with X‐ray peaks similar to B type, which supports that it is partly crystalline. Removal of RDS and SDS gave broader peaks in the X‐ray pattern.
Stagflation, Persistent Unemployment and the Permanence of Economic Shocks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Money, Credit and Policy covers the demand for money, the relation of money to output, the role of credit and debt, regulation of financial institutions, the influence of uncertainty and macroeconomic policy. Focusing on the relations between money and credit, and in turn their relationship to output, prices and inflation, this volume includes Meltzer’s early work on the demand for money – in which he suggested that the much-discussed instability of the demand for money arises from the use of Keynesian demand equations – as well as his recent contributions on trade, credit and intermediation.
Comparaison de quelques Loganiacées à l'aide des caractères quantitatifs et qualitatifs de l'anatomie du bois

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Seventy-three samples of wood, belonging to 11 genera of Loganiaceae and 2 genera of Rubiaceae are described. Fourteen quantitative characters are first studied by a discriminant multivariate analysis, and then all the characters are examined. The characters of wood anatomy show the unity as well as the subdivisions of the family Loganiaceae. The two genera Antonia and Bonyunia belong to an homogenous and individualized group. Potalia, Anthocleista, and Fagraea are also related and are opposite to Strychnos. Neuburgia is not near Strychnos, though it belongs to the same tribe. A new relation is discovered between Nuxia and Geniostoma, and the special feature of Buddlejeae (Nuxia, Buddleja) does not come into sight; these genera are also related to Strychnos and Peltanthera. The genera Gaertnera and Genipa can scarcely be distinguished from the family by a few qualitative characters. The necessity of standardization in the observations, in order to integrate wood characters in systematic studies, is noted.
Epistolary Negotiations: Mary the French Queen and the Politics of Letter-Writing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article concerns the letters of Mary Tudor Brandon, known as Mary the French queen, who defied her brother Henry VIII by secretly marrying her second husband, the Duke of Suffolk. Mary's use of the epistolary genre to persuade Henry to accede to the match was born not merely out of necessity, but out of her awareness that letters were a powerful political tool that women could employ to further their ambitions. Of particular interest is a letter that survives only in draft with marginal comments by then Archbishop Wolsey, a letter which demonstrates Mary and Wolsey's complex maneuverings to negotiate the terms that would result in a pardon for the couple and allow their return to England. Moreover, placing Marys letters within a literary context reveals the influence of fictional letters, especially Ovid's Heroides, which Mary studied in French while preparing for her first marriage, to Louis XII. Crafted with multiple audiences in mind, her letters are an excellent case study of queenship, power, and women's political and literary activity during the early sixteenth century.
Is "Change Blindness" Attenuated by Domain-specific Expertise? An Expert-Novices Comparison of Change Detection in Football Images

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract When an aspect of a visual image is altered, observers often fail to notice the change. Recent studies suggest that successful change detection requires the observer to attend to and effortfully encode the changing aspect between the images. In this study we addressed the question of whether individual characteristics of the observer, namely expertise in a domain, selectively influence the ability to detect changes in images from that domain. A total of 48 individuals, half of whom were experts in the sport of American football and half of whom were American football novices, were presented alternating sequences of football-related and unrelated images. Our results indicate that expertise in a specific domain increases observers' sensitivity to semantic changes of domain-related images. Implications for the development of diagnostic tools are briefly addressed.
On the study of concrete hydration process using piezoelectric based surface wave propagation technique

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Concrete is a non-homogenous material with complex microstructure, consisting of cement, fine aggregates and coarse aggregates. In the first few hours after mixing, the fresh concrete will go through the hydration process and gradually reaches solid properties. Study shows that as the concrete changes gradually from liquid to solid, the properties such as stiffness of the concrete changes accordingly. Monitoring of concrete hydration is essential especially in in-situ construction. The concrete shall reach sufficient strength before further loading is possible. In this paper, attempt has been made to study the correlation between the velocity of surface (Rayleigh) waves and the concrete hydration process using the surface wave propagation technique employing smart piezoelectric (Lead Zirconate Titanate, PZT) transducer as collocated actuator and sensor. The PZT transducer is mechanically attached to the concrete through surface bonding. The velocity of surface waves was determined by measuring the distance between the actuator and sensor and also the time of flight (TOF). Preliminary study shows that there is a steady increase in the velocity of surface waves with time, implying that the concrete is going through a hardening process. Signal processing techniques such as cross-correlation analysis and Hilbert transform are adopted for improved accuracy.
SiGe HBTs reach the microwave and millimeter-wave frontier

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Silicon germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs) offer significant performance and cost advantages over conventional technologies in the production of integrated circuits for communications, computer and transportation applications. This paper reviews the status of SiGe development, compares SiGe with existing Si and GaAs technologies, and discusses applications extending into the microwave and millimeter-wave regime.
Abstract 15215: Autophagy Inhibition Attenuate the Development and Progression of Pulmonary Hypertension

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. However, the potential therapeutic benefit of autophagy inhibition remains undetermined. Hypothesis: ROC-325 was developed as a novel small molecule lysosomal autophagy inhibitor that has demonstrated significantly more potent anticancer activity than the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Methods: Rats with monocrotaline-induced PH (MCT-PH) and hypoxia/Sugen-induced severe PH were treated with ROC-325 and the related effects on echocardiography, hemodynamics, right ventricle hypertrophy, and pulmonary vascular remodeling were assessed. Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and isometric tension were measured in isolated perfused/ventilated mouse lungs and rat PA rings. The in vitro effects on ROC-325 on autophagy, proliferation, viability, apoptosis and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS)-NO signaling were tested in human and rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) as well as human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) and rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). Results and Conclusions: The therapeutic benefits of a novel lysosomal autophagy inhibitor, ROC-325, in experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) models. Specifically, ROC-325 treatment prevents the development of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH, right ventricular dysfunction, and pulmonary vascular remodeling, and reverses the progression of established MCT-PH. Meanwhile, ROC-325 treatment attenuates high K + or alveolar hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. Mechanistically, in PASMC and PAEC, ROC-325 inhibits autophagic pathways, reduces hypoxia induced-hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) accumulation and blocks endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS)-NO signaling activation. These studies illustrate the discovery of ROC-325 as a novel promising agent for PH therapy.
OPTIMIZATION OF TRANSPORTATION COST USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Transportation model is application of linear programming that is used to obtain optimum results from distribution issue, especially for minimize transportation cost. General transportation model requires two stages to obtain optimum results such as initial solution method and optimum solution method. These methods are not effective, because it need two stages. Moreover, selection of initial solution method will distinguish the number of iteration on optimum solution method. Therefore, in this study other method such as genetic algorithm that required one stage was used. Genetic algorithm was chosen as alternative method for transportation issue because this method didn’t need two stages and proved to be nice to solve optimization problems. The goal of this study to got method that more effective between combination of North West Corner (NWC) and Modified Distribution Method (MODI) with genetic algorithm to solved two data transportation issues. Based on results, the combination NWC and MODI was more effective for minimize transportation cost than genetic algorithm for two data that solved in this study