jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Building controlled bilingual terminologies for the municipal domain and evaluating them using a coverage estimation approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This article examines the status of constructed controlled terminologies from the perspective of the coverage of terms/concepts. To facilitate controlled authoring of Japanese texts of the municipal domain and promote machine translatability into English, we constructed terminologies in the following way: (1) Japanese-English term pairs are extracted from aligned texts; (2) term variations are controlled by defining preferred and proscribed terms for both languages. To assess the coverage of the constructed terminologies, we propose a quantitative extrapolation method that estimates the potential vocabulary size. The coverage estimations show that the coverage of terms for Japanese is higher than that for English by about 10%, which reflects the greater diversity of the translated English terms. The coverage of concepts reaches around 60% for both Japanese and English. The method also enables us to quantitatively estimate how much effort is needed to further increase the coverage.
MEDICAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF IMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF THE PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTRIPSY IN PATIENTS WITH UROLITHIASIS IN THE HOSPITALS WITH PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Implementation of some medical and organizational methods of the accelerated postoperative recovery concept is actually aimed at the improvement of postoperative treatment efficiency and shortening patients’ stay in hospital. It is particularly important for the hospitals with private ownership.
LHD 2p5-U_L01 #185652.1 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 2.5-U port camera, where ROI is (188,230) - (212,258) of the original image of 640x480. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
“Don Luis had never been up in an aeroplane” (Maurice Marie Émile Leblanc before 1905)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Some of the works of Maurice Leblanc are considered in the article, who is one of the creators of the French classic detective, written between 1890 and 1905 (before the publication of the first novel about the adventures of "gentleman-cambrioleur" by Arsène Lupin). The influence of Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant and Gustave Flaubert is combined with an appeal to Breton legends and erotic motives popular in the “Belle Époque”. The image of a bicycle, a car and the cult of speed associated with them, anticipating the plot dynamics of Lupinian in these works is analysed. On the example of Leblanc's short stories, published in a number of newspapers in the mid-1890s to early 1900s, the gradual maturation of criminal narrative in his work is shown. Among the problems raised in the article – Leblanc's reaction to the ideas of anarchism and the potential influence on the image of Arsène Lupin of the personality of the famous anarchist Marius Jacob as well as the influence of the work of Ernest William Hornung (the creator of the character of A. J. Raffles, the "Amateur Cracksman").
Angle-resolved photoemission of the initial stages of Au growth on Si(111) 7 × 7

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The initial formation of the Au-Si(111) 7 × 7 interface has been examined by ARUPS, LEED and AES techniques. At room temperature, strong interactions between Au and Si atoms occur for coverages as low as 0.2 monolayer. This is related to the existence of a 1 × 1 LEED structure, to the suppression of the intrinsic silicon surface states and to the appearance of prominent Au 5d bands. The energy position of the latter structures is compatible with a significant gold-silicon interdiffusion. For increasing coverages, an amorphous Au-Si layer with a more metallic character gradually grows. This is supported by the removal of the 1 × 1 LEED pattern, the lack of influence of polar angle on the photoemission features and the substantial increase of the density of states near the Fermi level, EF. At the same time, the shift of the Au 5d emission towards EF is clearly related to the existence of a gold-rich Si alloy. The effects of annealing on one gold monolayer are presented. A sharp 31/2 × 31/2 R(30 degrees ) LEED pattern is obtained, whereas normal photoemission spectra reveal the existence of electronic states at -1 and -2.6 eV below EF. Their insensitivity to polarisation and their strong dispersion along the Gamma K'M' direction of the surface Brillouin zone show that they correspond to new interface states. These results are discussed in terms of structural models proposed for 31/2 × 31/2 ordered surfaces.
Funding and Delivery of Syringe Services Programs in the United States, 2022

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives. To describe the current financial health of syringe services programs (SSPs) in the United States and to assess the predictors of SSP budget levels and associations with delivery of public health interventions. Methods. We surveyed all known SSPs operating in the United States from February to June 2022 (n = 456), of which 68% responded (n = 311). We used general estimating equations to assess factors influencing SSP budget size and estimated the effects of budget size on multiple measures of SSP services. Results. The median SSP annual budget was $100 000 (interquartile range = $20 159‒$290 000). SSPs operating in urban counties and counties with higher levels of opioid overdose mortality had significantly higher budget levels, while SSPs located in counties with higher levels of Republican voting in 2020 had significantly lower budget levels. SSP budget levels were significantly and positively associated with syringe and naloxone distribution coverage. Conclusions. Current SSP funding levels do not meet minimum benchmarks. Increased funding would help SSPs meet community health needs. Public Health Implications. Federal, state, and local initiatives should prioritize sustained SSP funding to optimize their potential in addressing multiple public health crises. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(4):435–443. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307583 )
The Demand for Meat: Conditional and Unconditional Elasticities

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The demand for meat and other foodstuffs is estimated as a part of a four-stage demand system. Correction formulae for price and expenditure elasticities are used to calculate unconditional elasticities by the use of the estimated conditional elasticities. A static specification is rejected at a 5 percent level for each sub-system and a dynamic specification is used to take account of habit formation in consumption. The unconditional own-price elasticities for beef, lamb, pork and chicken are calculated as - 0.48, --0.23, --0.66 and-1.14, respectively. The corresponding conditional elasticities are estimated to be - 0.59, --0.25, -0.78 and-1.15. The unconditional expenditure elasticities are calculated to be 0.72 for beef, 0.42 for lamb, 0.81 for pork and 1.00 for chicken. The corresponding conditional elasticities are estimated to be 0.98, 0.57, I.I I and 1.36. These results show the importance of correcting conditional elasticities before elasticities from different studies are compared or before the elasticities are used for policy purposes.
A Novel Practical Approach for Enhancement of Bioavailability of A Poorly Water Soluble Drug By Hot Melt Coating Technique

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Bioavailability of drugs with low solubility and high permeability can be increased remarkably by improving solubility. One of the most widely used technique for this is formulation of solid dispersions. Solid dispersions suffer from the practicability of large scale processing into suitable formulations. Solid dispersion of anti-inflammatory drug, Meloxicam (ME) with different ratios of Stearoyl macrogolglyceride (Gelucire 50/13), PEG 4000, PEG 6000, PEG 20000, PVP K-30 and Polaxomer (Lutrol F 68) were prepared by melting method. Hot melt coating of this solid dispersion on inert pellets was explored in this study as a mean to improve the dissolution and subsequent bioavailability. IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and in vitro dissolution were used to evaluate the characteristics of coated melts. The physical mixture and melts show similar IR and XRD spectra in all cases. The in vitro dissolution in pH 1.2 HCl and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer media showed remarkable improvement in drug dissolution especially with Gelucire 50/13. Solid dispersions, hot melt coated on inert substrate can be a novel and practical approach for enhancement of bioavailability of drugs with low water solubility.
Canadaâ€™s Carbon Price Floor

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Canadian provinces are required to phase in a minimum price of CAN $50 per tonne on carbon dioxide emissions by 2022. This paper discusses the rationale for, and design of, the price floor requirement; its (provincial-level) environmental, fiscal, and economic welfare impacts; monitoring issues; and (national-level) industry incidence. The general conclusion is that the welfare costs and implementation issues are manageable, and pricing provides significant new revenues. A challenge is that the floor price by itself is well short of what will be needed by 2030 for Canada's Paris Agreement pledge.
Supplementary Tables 1 - 3 from Autologous T-cell Therapy for Cytomegalovirus as a Consolidative Treatment for Recurrent Glioblastoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 62KB, List of CMV epitopes used for in vitro stimulation (S1). List of epitopes used for in vitro T cell expansion and patient responses (S2). List of genes included in taqman array (S3).</p>
[Cryptosporidium: outbreak at a nutrition rehabilitation center, Temuco].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cryptosporidiosis was observed in 23 undernourished infants of a nutritional center in Temuco. This represents a 34% incidence rate for the period (march to may 1990). Liquid stools (91%), vomiting (39%), resistance to feeding (74%), respiratory symptoms (61%) and weight loss (mean 25 g per day) were the main clinical manifestations. Only 9 patients received specific therapy and all showed clinical improvement and normalization of stool examinations within the study period.
A Study of the Educational Opportunity of ^|^ldquo;Shizoku^|^rdquo; in the Meiji Era

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are few studies about what kinds of social classes took advantage of school education in modern Japan. In this paper, we focus on “Shizoku” stratum, and analyze their opportunities for school education and their occupational opportunities.At first, we criticize the viewpoint from “Senyii-ritsu”(the rate for a stratum to occupy the position) which has been used in the studies about the elite, and analyze their educational and occupational opportunities from the viewpoint of “Haishutsu-ritsu”(the rate for a stratum to reach the position).Secondly, we try to recognize why “Shizoku” took advantage of school education so much, using a list of graduates of one high school in the Meiji era.In conclusion, we can consider that “Shizoku” took advantage of school education as a step to status attainment. And “Shizoku” had increased their advantages in the educational and occupational opportunities at least until the beginning of the 20 th century.
LHD 6T-AH01-03-03-NF #171371.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.
Nicotinic cholinergic modulation of sensorimotor gating and working memory in two strains of inbred mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation has been found to enhance sensorimotor gating and the trial-specific store of mutable information known as working memory. Working memory function is dependent upon effective stimulus filtering, which leads to the question as to whether nAChR agonists augment working memory function directly, or whether this effect is mediated indirectly through a strengthening of sensorimotor gating. In the present studies, the C57BL/6J and 129X1/SvJ strains of inbred mice were tested at 2 and 8 months of age in the pre-pulse inhibition paradigm (PPI) and the working memory version of the Morris Water Maze task (MWM). The prototypic and non-selective nAChR agonist, nicotine (0.5-2.0 mg/kg), and the Î±4Î²2 nAChR subtype specific agonist, RJR-2403 (0.06-0.54 mg/kg), were employed for cholinergic stimulation. Nicotine administration, but not RJR-2403, tended to enhance PPI in 2 month, but not 8 month-old animals. Both nicotine and RJR-2403 were ineffective in modulating working memory function. Hence, with these strains, at these ages, in these paradigms, and at these particular drug dosages, sensorimotor gating and working memory do not appear to be correlated processes nor does nAChR stimulation appear to modulate either process within these experimental parameters. This research demonstrates the importance of fully characterizing the dosage spectrum of drugs in animals commonly used in behavioural testing and, thus, further research into this area is warranted.
PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN IN DAIRY SECTOR OF AGRICULTURE: A CASE STUDY IN NORTHERN DISTRICTS OF BANGLADESH

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bangladesh is an agro-based over-populated country. Development of socio-economic condition of Bangladesh fully depends upon the development of the village. Women in rural Bangladesh are major but largely unrecognized contributors to agricultural especially dairy sector and economic productivity. This paper undertaken to study the phenomenon of women in Agriculture: an examination in the Northern Districts of Bangladesh. It is a study of women participation & contribution to agricultural activity, total agriculture production & access of ownership in agriculture of women. Secondary data depend on primary data. Data has been collected from 5 different districts & 11 different area of farmers group through organized questionnaires. All Information has been collected through Focus Group Discussion. Women are well represented as farmers and increasingly represented as livestock health workers in northern part of Bangladesh. This paper sheds light on the context of women in rural North West Bangladesh, identifying household and community gender norms and arising barriers to women’s participation. This paper sheds light on some key results achieved for women, with respect to social and economic empowerment. In closing, this paper captures key lessons learnt & suggests some p
Bunch-to-bunch energy stability test of the NB prototypes of the tesla superstructure

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Two 2/spl times/7-cell Nb superstructures have been tested with beam during the last TESLA Test Facility (TTF) linac run in summer 2002. The structures have been operated at 2 K in the standard TTF cryomodule and have been installed in the linac after the injector. We report on the bunch-to-bunch energy stability test which showed that energy stored in the superstructure could be refilled in the time between two passing bunches. The goal to keep the bunch-to-bunch energy stability below 5/spl middot/10/sup -4/ has been achieved.
Metal-semiconductor behavior along the line of stacking order change in gated multilayer graphene

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate gated multilayer graphene with stacking order change along the armchair direction. We consider some layers cracked to release shear strain at the stacking domain wall. The energy cones of graphene overlap along the corresponding direction in the k-space, so the topological gapless states from different valleys also overlap. However, these states strongly interact and split due to atomic-scale defects caused by the broken layers, yielding an effective energy gap. We find that for some gate voltages, the gap states cross and the metallic behavior along the stacking domain wall can be restored. In particular cases, a flat band appears at the Fermi energy. We show that for small variations of the gate voltage the charge occupying this band oscillates between the outer layers.
Phenology prediction component of GypsES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Prediction of phenology is an important component of most pest management programs, and considerable research effort has been expended toward development of predictive tools for gypsy moth phenology. Although phenological prediction is potentially valuable for timing of spray applications (e.g. Bt, or Gypcheck) and other management activities (e.g. placement and removal of pheromone traps), we have had a difficult time effectively conceptualizing phenology prediction in GypsES. We have come to the realization that difficulties in representing phenology over a complex topographic landscape, such as is typical of many gypsy moth control areas, lies at the heart of the problem. Our current approach to phenological prediction, therefore, has two goals (1) representation of the complex landscape expression of gypsy moth phenology, and (2) reduction (or aggregation) of this complexity to a form that is useful in the management decision process. To meet these two goals, the problem of phenological representation falls into two catagories, Strategic Planning and Tactical Implementation.
Diversifying the Teaching Force in Transnational Contexts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"Diversifying the teaching force has become a priority in many migrant-receiving jurisdictions worldwide with the growing mismatch between the ethnic backgrounds, cultures, languages, and religions of teachers and those of students and families. Arguments for diversification tend to be couched in terms of disproportionate representation and students from minority backgrounds needing positive role models, yet research identifies other compelling reasons for diversification, including the fact that teachers of migrant backgrounds often possess outstanding qualifications when multilingualism and internationally obtained education and experience are taken into account, and the fact that all students, including majority-background students, benefit from a diversity of role models in schools. Nevertheless, the process of diversification is fraught with complexity. Depending on the context, systemic discrimination, an oversupply of teachers in the profession generally, and outdated hiring policies and practices can all impede efforts to diversify the teaching force. This volume comprises original research from Canada, the U.S., Germany, Ireland, Scotland, and England that problematizes issues of diversifying the teaching force and identifies promising practices. A foreword written by Charlene Bearhead of the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation questions the very purpose of education in and for diverse societies. An introduction written by the editors defines key concepts and establishes a rationale for diversifying the teaching force in migrant-receiving contexts. Following this, key international scholars offer empirical perspectives using a range of methodologies and theories rooted in critical social science paradigms. The volume informs future research, programming, and policy development in this area."< .
IMPACT OF CLIMATIC VARIABLES ON HUMAN MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY DUE TO MALARIA IN ARGUNGU, KEBBI STATE

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Climatic variables affect human health through the ecology of the disease agent or by creating habitat conditions that aggravate the incidence of other diseases. A shift in weather elements could bring about changes in the types and number of habitats and general physiology of the pathogens, their hosts or vectors. A change of only 1°C in temperature can, for instance, change a mosquito’s life span by more than a week (Pemola et al, 2007). This paper aims at examining the possible associations between climatic variables (particularly rainfall amount, temperatures and relative humidity) and morbidity and mortality on reported cases of malaria in Argungu General Hospital, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Climatic data were collected for the period 2001 – 2010 and the mortality case registry data due to malaria were collected for the same period. A two-tailed Pearson Correlation and Regression Analyses were used to examine the degree of association between the variables. The results of the correlation analysis showed a positive association of rainfall with morbidity (r=0.422), which was not statistically significant at 0.05 alpha level, while temperatures had a weak positive correlation (r= 0.279) with morbidity, while relative humidity had a weak negative correlation (r= -0.167). In the case of mortality, only relative humidity had a strong positive correlation with mortality (r= 0.527) on malaria, which was also not statistically significant at 0.05 alpha level. Rainfall was positively correlated with mortality on malaria (r= 0.310) but inverse relationship between temperature and mortality on malaria (r= -0.297) was weak. The regression model gave temperatures the highest contribution to morbidity followed by rainfall. Relative humidity had an inverse contribution to morbidity and was the highest contributor to mortality while rainfall was the lowest. It was observed that 2008 had the highest number of morbidity cases and the least number of cases of mortality which were attributed to the little rise in the amount of rainfall preceding 2007. The year 2008 also had excessive rainfall that washed away the larvae. The conclusion was that the degree of association of the variables may be a function of the environment, which is semi-arid. It was therefore recommended that a more detailed study on the socio-economic characteristics of the people be carried out.
Securing Optimized Code Against Power Side Channels

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Side-channel attacks impose a serious threat to cryptographic algorithms, including widely employed ones, such as AES and RSA. These attacks take advantage of the algorithm implementation in hardware or software to extract secret information via side channels. Software masking is a mitigation approach against power side-channel attacks aiming at hiding the secret-revealing dependencies from the power footprint of a vulnerable implementation. However, this type of software mitigation often depends on general-purpose compilers, which do not preserve non-functional properties. Moreover, microarchitectural features, such as the memory bus and register reuse, may also leak secret information. These abstractions are not visible at the high-level implementation of the program. Instead, they are decided at compile time. To remedy these problems, security engineers often sacrifice code efficiency by turning off compiler optimization and/or performing local, post-compilation transformations. This paper proposes Secure by Construction Code Generation (SecCG), a constraint-based compiler approach that generates optimized yet secure against power side channels code. SecCG controls the quality of the mitigated program by efficiently searching the best possible low-level implementation according to a processor cost model. In our experiments with twelve masked cryptographic functions up to 100 lines of code on Mips32 and ARM Thumb, SecCG speeds up the generated code from 75% to 8 times compared to non-optimized secure code with an overhead of up to 7% compared to non-secure optimized code at the expense of a high compilation cost. In summary, this paper proposes a formal model to generate power side channel free low-level code.