jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Propaedeutics (basics of composition)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The textbook presents the theoretical foundations of building a harmonious composition, describes the three main laws of composition (the law of integrity, the law of balance and the law of dominance), and considers the elements and means of harmonizing the composition. A separate Chapter is devoted to the issues of color in the composition, and offers options for creating harmonious color solutions. Semiotic aspects are considered, characteristics and features of creating signs-icons, signs-indexes and signs-symbols are given. One of the chapters is devoted to visual illusions in composition. It is intended for University students studying in the direction 54.03.01 "Design", teachers, as well as for a wide range of artists, designers and Amateurs interested in creating a harmonious composition.
The Role of Ijtihad in the Renewal of Islamic Thought

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Basically, there are two sources of Islamic law and thought, the Qur'an and as-Sunnah as a standard source and ijtihad as a source of dynamics (source of development). Ijtihad is the use of critical and in-depth reasoning to understand the depth and breadth of the content of the verses of the Qur'an and al-Sunnah. In other words, ijtihad is an effort to think optimally and seriously in exploring Islamic law from its source, in order to obtain answers to new issues of legal and civilizational nature. However, over the course of several centuries, Ijtihad has had its ups and downs. This is because there is a rigid understanding of the concept of ijtihad and is bound by certain criteria. Therefore, this article attempts to examine the instrumental role of Ijtihad in revitalization of Islamic thought, to create an accommodative legal solution, regulate all problems and challenges that arise in a justice manner and bring the benefit of the Islamic ummah.
Design of a vibration damping robot and force evaluation in intraoperative robotic‐assisted femoral shaft repair using a modified soft damper

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Background Closed intra‐medullary nailing fixation is a method for treating fractured femurs with minimal invasiveness. However, this method lacks safety and precision. To avert prevailing problems such as extended cracks in the already broken bone, the design of a vibration damping robot and force evaluation system is essential. Methods This paper presents a sensor‐based clamping robot system embedded with a regulated pressurised air balloon. Drilling forces were monitored by a force sensor attached to the end robot effector, while the reduced vibration result was measured by a non‐contact laser displacement sensor. A 2 degree‐of‐freedom (2DOF) model was developed. Results Force and vibration data were obtained using a data acquisition module (EMS 309) and analysed using MATLAB software (Version R2015b). The results obtained show that both the frequencies and amplitudes of the vibration is reduced at 6 bar with effector's spindle speed of 1500 rpm. Conclusions This proposed concept shows that drilling force and vibration can be reduced simultaneously using a robot effector coupled with a damper.
Evaluating dasiglucagon as a treatment option for hypoglycemia in diabetes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dasiglucagon has demonstrated established solubility and stability in an aqueous formulation. Pharmacokinetics studies have shown dasiglucagon to exhibit higher absorption and a longer plasma elimination half-life than traditional reconstituted glucagon. Pharmacodynamic studies have shown that a full dose of 0.6 mg dasiglucagon could efficiently raise blood glucose level (BGL) by ≥20 mg/dL (9-10 min) from baseline following insulin-induced severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes, as well as rapidly increase BGL with small doses under euglycaemic and hypoglycemic conditions. Dasiglucagon is safe and well tolerated with the main adverse effects being nausea and vomiting. Collectively, dasiglucagon may be a promising candidate for severe diabetic hypoglycemic rescue and a continuous glycemic control in diabetic patients.
Pairwise Preference over Multi-type Implicit Feedback Confidence Based Bayesian Personalized Ranking for Collaborative Filtering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Implicit feedback (e.g., purchases, views, clicks) have been receiving more attention due to their close relationship with real applications, including shopping, making friends, healthcare, etc. In some recent works, pairwise ranking algorithms have been shown to leverage different types of users' behaviors to solve the recommendation problem of heterogeneous implicit feedback. The ever-growing healthcare websites impose a new challenge for medical services recommendation. In this paper, we develop a novel preference learning algorithm to learn a confidence over multiple users' actions, which is called Multi-type Implicit Feedback Confidence Learned Bayesian Personalized Ranking (MTC-BPR). MTC-BPR has the merits of generating positive data from multiple auxiliary feedback and accommodates both the original and generated data for pairwise ranking. Experimental results on the real-world dataset from a healthcare website demonstrate that MTC-BPR achieves more accurate recommendations than several state-of-the-art methods.
Bradykinin contributes to the exercise pressor reflex: mechanism of action

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This study determined the receptors responsible for mediating bradykinin's effect on skeletal muscle afferents that cause the pressor reflex in anesthetized cats. In eight cats, 1 microgram of bradykinin was injected intra-arterially into the gracilis muscle before and after intravenous injection of a kinin B2-receptor antagonist (NPC 17731, 20 micrograms/kg). Initial injection of bradykinin reflexly increased mean arterial pressure by 23 +/- 7 mmHg, maximal change in pressure over time by 439 +/- 272 mmHg/s, and heart rate by 11 +/- 4 beats/min. The hemodynamic response to bradykinin was abolished by kinin B2-receptor blockade. Similar injection of the kinin B1-receptor agonist des-Arg9-bradykinin caused no cardiovascular responses (n = 6). In eight different animals, mean arterial pressure, maximal change in left ventricular pressure over time, and heart rate responses to 30 s of electrically stimulated hindlimb contraction were attenuated by 50 +/- 6, 55 +/- 7, and 41 +/- 8%, respectively, after kinin B2-receptor blockade. In eight other animals, mean arterial pressure, maximal change in left ventricular pressure over time, and heart rate responses were reduced by 58 +/- 8, 66 +/- 6, and 40 +/- 12%, respectively, after inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin (2.5–3 mg/kg iv) and were then abolished by subsequent B2-receptor blockade. These data suggest that bradykinin contributes to the exercise pressor reflex through its action on kinin B2 receptors located on the nerve endings of the muscle afferents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collaboration within the Puget Sound Marine and Nearshore Science Network

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article presents results of a study intended to paint a broad picture and uncover general trends in collaboration within the Puget Sound marine and nearshore research community. Survey results showed that natural scientists dominate the network, representing 80% of all actors in the sample. Relational contingency analysis revealed high internal rates of collaboration among social scientists and among interdisciplinary scientists. The lowest rates of collaboration were observed between natural scientists and social scientists (p <.001). Cohesion metrics were examined within sub-networks of individuals working on a variety of topical focus areas. In general, sub-networks focused on human dimensions-related topics had higher fragmentation scores (lower cohesion) than sub-networks focused on ecological, biological, or physical processes. These less cohesive sub-networks are identified as areas of opportunity for strategic network interventions to support and foster new collaborations. Results of qualitative analysis highlight factors that facilitate or inhibit success of collaborative research efforts, such as leadership, incentives, and long-term adequate funding. Additionally, the degree to which a collaborative research model can be linked to "high-impact," policy-informing research outcomes is addressed. © 2014 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Comparative Study of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Modelling of Water-Gas Shift Reaction with Macro-or Micro-kinetics

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents critical studies on water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) kinetic models as well as the modelling approaches of the reactor, in which the reaction is conducted - the packed-bed tubular reactor (PBTR). There are two different types of models often used to represent the WGSR kinetics: (1) macro-kinetics and (2) micro-kinetics types. The PBTR models can be divided into homogeneous and heterogeneous types. There have been lots of positive and negative arguments regarding the use of different models for the WGSR reactor simulation and design. So far, no solid evidence regarding which form of kinetics model is considered to be the most accurate and suitable for reactor design and simulation. Answering this question is the main objective of this paper, where several major kinds of kinetic-reactor models are compared based on the same Cu (111) catalyst. The different models are used to predict the CO conversion of the shift reactor and their accuracies are compared against a reported experimental data. The analysis shows that the micro-kinetics gives better accuracy than the macro-kinetics model. Interestingly, the results show that the macro-kinetics model used in the homogeneous reactor modelling can give prediction as accurate as that of the more complex micro-kinetics model provided in the former case, the transfer limitation correction factor is included. The comparison among these different models shall provide a better understanding on the selection of model form when it comes to designing the reactor involved. 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Diagnostic Yield of 58 Consecutive Imaging-Guided Biopsies of Solid Renal Masses: Should We Biopsy All That Are Indeterminate?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Imaging-guided biopsy of a solid enhancing renal mass was diagnostic in 52 (90%) of 58 consecutive biopsies. The diagnosis of a benign lesion was made in 27% of diagnostic biopsies. Because of the advances in biopsy and histology techniques, the role of imaging-guided biopsy should be reconsidered.
Structural and Functional Characterization of SPOA Domains in Salmonella Typhimurium Type III Secretion Systems

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Once optimistically believed to be a relic of the pre-antibiotic era, bacterial pathogens remain a substantial threat to human health, and the growing epidemic of antibiotic resistance has raised concerns for the long term prospects of antimicrobial therapy. By understanding the mechanisms used by bacteria to manipulate their host and cause disease, it is hypothesized that we might more rationally approach anti-infective therapeutic design. Type III secretion systems (T3SS) are employed by some gram-negative human pathogens to manipulate the host environment. One T3SS subtype, known as the "injectisome," delivers virulence factors directly into host cells. The other T3SS subtype secretes the the polymeric flagellar filament used for motility. While both systems share related elements of a cytoplasmic "sorting platform" that facilitates the hierarchical secretion of protein substrates, the structural mechanism of its assembly remains unclear. The work described in this thesis makes strides towards the mechanistic understanding of T3SS sorting platform assembly by applying structural, biochemical, and genetic techniques to the characterization of the SctQ/FliM/FliN protein family and their interactions with other sorting platform components. These proteins uniquely possess Surface Presentation Of Antigens (SPOA) folds, and I will present the molecular structures of distinct homotypic and heterotypic SPOA-SPOA interactions in the Salmonella typhimurium SPI-1 sorting platform protein SpaO (Chapter 2). In Chapter 3, I structurally characterize the interaction of the heterotypic SPOA complex with a regulator of the SPI-1 ATPase and demonstrate the necessity of the interaction for T3SS secretory function. Then, I will present the homologous structures from the S. typhimurium flagellar apparatus and compare and contrast them with their SPI-1 homologues, providing an explanation for the observed subtype specificity in sorting platform assembly (Chapter 4). In Chapter 5, biochemical evidence for an interaction of the SpaO amino-terminal domain(s) with the homotypic SPOA complex is presented. These results provide a model for the subtype-specific assembly of T3SS sorting platforms and will support further mechanistic analysis and anti-virulence drug design (Chapter 6).
Palliative care in Brazil: an integrative review of scientific literature

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to present an integrative review of the national scientific literature about palliative care in the assistance of patients with serious diseases, showing mainly the role of multidisciplinary teams. 12 articles published in the databases PePSIC, SciELO and LILACS between 2000 and 2011 were recovered with location and selection criteria. Generally, such articles are exploratory, descriptive and qualitative, and they were developed with the small samples constituted essentially of cancer patients or health professionals placed in hospice services. It is suggested, therefore, the development of new studies, especially meta-analyzes and experimental or quasi-experimental studies, together with patients affected by other serious diseases – such as cardiovascular, pulmonary or neurological – which actions are also palliative applicable.
A large vocabulary online handwriting recognition system for Turkish

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Handwriting recognition in general and online handwriting recognition in particular has been an active research area for several decades. Most of the research have been focused on English and recently on other scripts like Arabic and Chinese. There is a lack of research on recognition in Turkish text and this work primarily fills that gap with a state-of-the-art recognizer for the first time. It contains design and implementation details of a complete recognition system for recognition of Turkish isolated words. Based on the Hidden Markov Models, the system comprises pre-processing, feature extraction, optical modeling and language modeling modules. It considers the recognition of unconstrained handwriting with a limited vocabulary size first and then evolves to a large vocabulary system. Turkish script has many similarities with other Latin scripts, like English, which makes it possible to adapt strategies that work for them. However, there are some other issues which are particular to Turkish that should be taken into consideration separately. Two of the challenging issues in recognition of Turkish text are determined as delayed strokes which introduce an extra source of variation in the sequence order of the handwritten input and high Out-of-Vocabulary (OOV) rate of Turkish when words are used as vocabulary units in the decoding process. This work examines the problems and alternative solutions at depth and proposes suitable solutions for Turkish script particularly. In delayed stroke handling, first a clear definition of the delayed strokes is developed and then using that definition some alternative handling methods are evaluated extensively on the UNIPEN and Turkish datasets. The best results are obtained by removing all delayed strokes, with up to 2.13% and 2.03% points recognition accuracy increases, over the respective baselines of English and Turkish. The overall system performances are assessed as 86.1% with a 1,000-word lexicon and 83.0% with a 3,500-word lexicon on the UNIPEN dataset and 91.7% on the Turkish dataset. Alternative decoding vocabularies are designed with grammatical sub-lexical units in order to solve the problem of high OOV rate. Additionally, statistical bi-gram and tri-gram language models are applied during the decoding process. The best performance, 67.9% is obtained by the large stem-ending vocabulary that is expanded with a bi-gram model on the Turkish dataset. This result is superior to the accuracy of the word-based vocabulary (63.8%) with the same coverage of 95% on the BOUN Web Corpus.
Analyzing Phenotypes Using Artificial Intelligence Tools in Subgroups of Absence and Myoclonic Epilepsies (P2.344)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

April 23, 2018April 10, 2018Free AccessAnalyzing Phenotypes Using Artificial Intelligence Tools in Subgroups of Absence and Myoclonic Epilepsies (P2.344)Reyna M. Durón, Carlos Arias, Iris E. Martínez-Juárez, Christopher Patterson, Julia N. Bailey, Miyabi Tanaka, Adriana Ochoa, Aurelio Jara-Prado, María Elisa Alonso, Marco T. Medina, Viet-Huong Nguyen, and Antonio V. Delgado-EscuetaAuthors Info & AffiliationsApril 10, 2018 issue90 (15_supplement)https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.90.15_supplement.P2.344 Letters to the Editor
Digital Programmable Timing Device for Fast Response Instrumentation in Rotating Machines.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The design, construction and test of an inexpensive computer peripheral device to control the acquisition of data from high response probes in periodic flows, is reported. The device (RPACE) was used with a Hewlett-Packard Model 21MX computer and 5610A A/D converter to obtain Kulite probe measurements in a transonic compressor by synchronized sampling. A phased-locked-loop and counting circuits were used so that the moment of A/D conversion always corresponded to a programmable displacement of a stationary probe with respect to the moving rotor blades - independent of RPM. Also, the rotor speed was measured digitally in one revolution of the shaft. The results of a 'survey' of a rotor blade passage at a blade passing frequency of 4500 per sec. are included. (Author)
Cardiac imaging in congenital heart disease during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: recommendations from the Working Group on Congenital Heart Disease of the Italian Society of Cardiology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The recent outbreak of 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is having major repercussions on healthcare services provision in Italy and worldwide. Data suggest the virus has a strong impact on the cardiovascular system, and cardiac imaging will play an important role in patients affected by coronavirus disease-2019. Although paediatric patients are mildly affected, they represent a clear accelerator in spreading the virus, and healthcare workers are at higher risk of infection. The aim of this position paper is to provide clinical recommendation regarding the execution of imaging investigations for the cardiac diagnostic work-up of paediatric patients with suspected or confirmed infection.
Validity and reliability of self-reported weight and height measures for the diagnoses of adolescent's nutritional status

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: To assess the validity and reliability of self-reported height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) to diagnose the nutritional status of adolescents. METHODS: The study included 360 public school students of both genders, with ages ranging from 10 to 15 years. Adolescents self-reported their weight and height, and these values were later obtained directly by interviewers. The validity of BMI based on self-reported measures was calculated using sensitivity and specificity indexes, and positive predictive value (PPV). Agreement between self-reported and measured BMI was evaluated using Kappa's weight coefficient, the Lin correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman and Lin's plots. RESULTS: Both girls and boys underestimated their weight (-1.0 girls and boys) and height (girls - 1.2 and boys - 0.8) (p < 0.001). BMI presented moderate agreement between measured and self-reported values. Sensitivity of estimated BMI based on reported measures to classify obese subjects was higher for boys (87.5%) than it was for girls (60.9%), whereas specificity was higher for girls (92.7%) than it was for boys (80.6%). PPV was high only for classification of normal-weight adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported measures of weight and height in adolescents do not present valid measures; therefore, they should not be used to replace measured values. Additionally, we observed that 10% of obese boys and 40% of obese girls could have remained unidentified if we had used only self-reported measures, emphasizing the effects of the low reliability of self-reporting.
Glutaraldehyde Fixation of Human Blood Platelets

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Hypertonic glutaraldehyde solutions produce dilatation of the surface connected system and shrinking of the cytoplasma. Hypertonic solutions produce swelling of the platelets. Good results are obtained with 1% glutaraldehyde M 0.07 M phosphate buffer (275 mosmol) 4 parts to 1 part platelet rich plasma. High glutaraldehyde concentrations do not affect the platelet ultrastructure.
Criminal offense of illegal traffic of accounting and other software from Article 175b of the Law on Tax Procedure and Tax Administration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Amendments to the Law on Tax Procedure and Tax Administration from 2022 criminalized a new criminal offense - illegal circulation of accounting and other software. This criminal offense is aimed at manipulating accounting data, which changes or hides the true financial indicators of taxpayers' operations, thereby jeopardizing the integrity and efficiency of the tax system by enabling the avoidance of tax obligations. The incrimination of this criminal offense aims to combat tax fraud. The paper points out the elements of the criminal offense of illegal traffic of accounting and other software, as well as the weaknesses in the legal formulation of this incrimination.
Preparation and Efficacy of fhe New Anti babesial Drug , Imidocarb.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Imidocarb or Imizol , the new anti babesial drug , was synthesised from benzonitrile via nitration , cyclization , reduction , condensation and salt formation steps . Its structure was proven by IR , UV, MS , 1H、 13 CHMR and elementary analysis. The concentrations of Imidocarb in plasma and tissues of cattle were determined by UV . The LD 50 for mice was 84.4±13.5mg/kg when administered ip .Neither carcinogenicity nor teretogenicity were demonstrated in experiments concerned 75%~100% of babesiasis animal (horses,cattles,buffaloes and sheep) treated with this drug were cured and satisfactory results were obtained for the aim of infection prophylaxis when used this drug in buffalo farms with epidemic histories of babesiasis.