jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Forensic Linguistic Analysis: Civil Servant Speech Equating Prostitutes with Probolinggo Parliament Members

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The research investigated an alleged defamation statement made by a civil servant in Probolinggo, suggesting that the Regional People's Representative Council of Probolinggo (DPRD Probolinggo) held a lower social status than local sex workers, employing forensic linguistics as its analytical framework. The research was a single case study that applied a qualitative approach to analyze the data. A single case study was a suitable method for analyzing a single case of an individual; here was a civil servant in a socialization event attended by the regional government. The data consisted of four sentences of verbal statements and eight accompanying non-verbal cues made by the civil servant toward Probolinggo Parliament members. The research uncovers that the civil servant's remarks contain pointed appraisals and judgments aimed at DPRD Probolinggo members, ultimately leading to legal action predicated on allegations of defaming the collective dignity of DPRD Probolinggo. However, it is important to emphasize that these critical assessments are specific to certain members rather than constituting a comprehensive censure of the entire institutional body. Consequently, the civil servant may potentially be exempt from institutional defamation charges, with these actions interpreted as robust workplace criticisms. Nevertheless, the research underscores the potential legal repercussions stemming from such critiques and the need for a meticulous evaluation of their legal implications within the legal framework, given their potential to generate future legal disputes.
Misunderstandings in English as a Lingua Franca

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book explores the nature and causes of misunderstandings in ELF interactions. It is based on a corpus of conversations between English speakers from south and east Asia that helps us investigate what causes misunderstandings, particularly the pronunciation, grammar, word choice, and discourse. The book also considers how such misunderstandings may be signalled and repaired. Finally, it discusses the implications for teaching English around the world and offers guidance to teachers in enabling their students to become highly intelligible.
Need for aesthetics in visual and audio environments

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since the early ages, mankind has always been in search of a comfortable, convenient, safe and pleasant environment to live. Mankindâ€™s quite different endeavors and intellectual progresses throughout the historical process have been related to the reason and continuity of his existence. Manâ€™s endeavor to leave various traces in the environments he has been and his creativity have been effective in the formation of cultures and civilizations. This also denotes art.All environments that harbor men stand for their environment. The house, neighborhood, district, village, city, country, office, outdoor or indoor spaces where he dwells are considered the basic constituents of the environment that encircle mankind. All of these constituents have always been interwoven and in contact with cultural textures, aesthetics and art.The fact that the origin of cultures are cities also makes one think about the fact that mankind lives in this environment formed together by such cultural accumulation and the nature. This is because cultures spring from cities, live in cities and spread their influence from one city to another.In this study, the environment where mankind lives is analyzed in terms of meeting aesthetical expectations. With this study conducted on the basis of literature, it is intended to call attention to the subject of designing environments suited to the aesthetical needs and expectations of mankind. Keywords: Visual environment, audio environment, aesthetics.
Untangling Strongly and Weakly Interacting Configurations in Many-electron Wave Functions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Accurate solution of the many-electron problem including correlations remains intractable except for few-electron systems. Describing interacting electrons as a superposition of independent electron configurations results in an apparent combinatorial scaling to achieve an accurate solution. Many approximate approaches for large systems have been introduced, yet controlling and quantifying the error remains a significant hurdle for comparison to experiment. Perturbation calculations are a popular means to estimate neglected energy contributions but give rise to two unanswered questions. How to select a reference state ensuring perturbation corrections will be well-behaved? What is the residual error relative to the exact solution? Conditions to specify these two elusive requisites are given by introducing a partitioning of the electronic configurations into reference and interaction spaces with sampling of neglected configurations using renormalization group ideas. This approach is applied to the molecular (non-relativistic Coulomb) Hamiltonian to identify continuous phase transitions in the energy as a function of the number of configurations. Identification of the minimum number of reference configurations such that the neglected space consists primarily of independent energy contributions is achieved. Balancing the magnitude of the neglected contributions between two calculation enables prediction of accurate physical properties for which calculations would otherwise not be achievable using an expansion consisting of a full set of configurations. Consistent with the use of the molecular Hamiltonian, the analysis is valid for any finite fermion system described by a Hamiltonian consisting of one- and two-body operators.
Repeatability of cold pain and heat pain thresholds: The application of sensory testing in migraine research

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Normal heat pain threshold (HPT) and cold pain threshold (CPT) repeatability should be estimated in order to identify thermal allodynia in longitudinal studies, but such data are scarce in the literature. The aim of our study was to estimate normal HPT and CPT repeatability in the face, forehead, neck and hand. In addition, we reviewed briefly normative studies of thermal pain thresholds relevant for headache research. Thermal pain thresholds were measured on three different days in 31 healthy headache-free subjects. Coefficients of repeatability and normal limits were calculated. HPT and CPT were lowest in the face. Pooled across regions, the lower repeatability limit for the test/retest ratio was 63% for HPT and 55% for CPT. The upper normal CPT limit varied between 24.5°C and 29.7°C. Lower HPT limits ranged between 35.5°C and 40.8°C. Quantitative sensory methods provide useful information about headache and pain pathophysiology, and it is important to estimate the normal test/retest repeatability range in follow-up studies.
“Thankee, Mum,” Said Toodle, “Since You Are Suppressing”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Like Vanity Fair, also published in the interesting year of 1848, Dombey and Son is a silver-fork novel in reverse, written out of a spirit of contempt for its genre and for the lot that genre celebrates. The young gentlemen of Dr. Blimber's academy—each of whom owns, as it happens, a "massive silver fork" (1542)—are preparing to assume their estates by learning and forgetting the dead languages of empires past. At dinner, their headmaster edifies them with tales of "the days of the Emperors,…when whole provinces were ravaged to supply the splendid means of one Imperial Banquet" (155). The venue for these silver-fork doings is Brighton, late site and center of the time when, as Cousin Feenix remembers, "men lived very freely" (822). This living freely, we are here and there reminded, was mainly a matter of four-bottle men (821), of "bucks" throwing wine glasses over their heads "by the dozens" (284), of the prodigiously corrupt Duke of York, his fat friend the Prince Regent, and the Prince Regent's very own Brighton Royal Pavilion, whose image adorns the workbox of one Brighton resident (102) and whose legacy of wretched excess is still on show in the shaky specimen of Cousin Feenix himself, joined occasionally by such fellow veterans of the age as gouty Major Bagstock, moony Miss Tox, the grotesquely coquettish Mrs. Skewton, and the "superannuated beau" glimpsed giving away his daughter to her superannuated groom (59).KeywordsGame ChickenDouble FileYoung GentlemanWedding NightDead LanguageThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
PROFESSOR FERNALD'S SYNONYMICAL CATALOGUE OF NORTH AMERICAN TORTRICIDÆ

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The reader of the C anadian E ntomologist will recall the first paper on the Tortricidœ , by Professor Fernald, who has been kind enough to send me advance sheets of his Catalogue of the Family now being published in Philadelphia. At the time when Professor Fernald commenced his studies he paid me the complinent of asking my advice as to the group of Lepidoptera he should work upon. In advising him to take the Tortricidœ , I was influenced by my belief in his patience and scientific ability. No family of Lepidoptera which I have studied, except perhaps the phycidœ , are as difficult as the Tortrices , or call for more diligent examination and careful manipulation. I had been bringing together material for a study of the Tortricidœ , and had described a few species and the genus Phaecasiophora , when Professor Fernald wrote to me. I was thus in a position to be of the slight assistance which Professor Fernald has, I am afraid, overestimated in his original paper alluded to above.
A new species of Porophyllum (Asteraceae: Tageteae) from the northwest of Argentina, and the first record of female plants of Porophyllum cabrerae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Porophyllum riparium, a new species of the genus Porophyllum, is described. Morphological details, illustration, geographical distribution, and photographs in its natural habitat are provided. This new species occurs in the northwest region of Argentina, in Salta, Jujuy and Tucumán Provinces, in the Yungas biogeographical province. It is usually found on rocky and sandy soils, as well as along riverbanks. Porophyllum riparium is characterized by being an annual or short-lived perennial, glaucous, odoriferous, monoecious herb, 15–80(–130) cm tall, with sessile or attenuate into a pseudopetiole, linear-elliptic leaves with submarginal and subapical semi-pellucid oil cavities, lemon-colored infundibuliform corollas and exserted brownish anthers. Additionally, female plants of Porophyllum cabrerae were documented for the first time, photographs and descriptions of their female florets are included. Also, a key to identify northwestern species of Porophyllum is provided.
Microglia are involved in phagocytosis and extracellular digestion during Zika virus encephalitis in young adult immunodeficient mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background Zika virus (ZIKV) has been associated with several neurological complications in adult patients. Methods We used a mouse model deficient in TRIF and IPS-1 adaptor proteins, which are involved in type I interferon production, to study the role of microglia during brain infection by ZIKV. Young adult mice were infected intravenously with the contemporary ZIKV strain PRVABC59 (1 × 10⁵ PFUs/100 µL). Results Infected mice did not present overt clinical signs of the disease nor body weight loss compared with noninfected animals. However, mice exhibited a viremia and a brain viral load that were maximal (1.3 × 10⁵ genome copies/mL and 9.8 × 10⁷ genome copies/g of brain) on days 3 and 7 post-infection (p.i.), respectively. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that ZIKV antigens were distributed in several regions of the brain, especially the dorsal hippocampus. The number of Iba1⁺/TMEM119⁺ microglia remained similar in infected versus noninfected mice, but their cell body and arborization areas significantly increased in the stratum radiatum and stratum lacunosum-moleculare layers of the dorsal hippocampus cornu ammoni (CA)1, indicating a reactive state. Ultrastructural analyses also revealed that microglia displayed increased phagocytic activities and extracellular digestion of degraded elements during infection. Mice pharmacologically depleted in microglia with PLX5622 presented a higher brain viral load compared to untreated group (2.8 × 10¹⁰ versus 8.5 × 10⁸ genome copies/g of brain on day 10 p.i.) as well as an increased number of ZIKV antigens labeled with immunogold in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum of neurons and astrocytes indicating an enhanced viral replication. Furthermore, endosomes of astrocytes contained nanogold particles together with digested materials, suggesting a compensatory phagocytic activity upon microglial depletion. Conclusions These results indicate that microglia are involved in the control of ZIKV replication and/or its elimination in the brain. After depletion of microglia, the removal of ZIKV-infected cells by phagocytosis could be partly compensated by astrocytes.
Identification and characterization of a novel species, Providencia xianensis sp. nov., isolated from clinical infections

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract It is widely acknowledged that the Providencia genus harbors certain opportunistic pathogens capable of causing human infections, some of which may be severe. In our collection of clinical Providencia isolates, we identified two strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria identified as Providencia rettgeri from two distinct sources. These strains were characterized phenotypically and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), 16S rRNA sequencing, multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), and whole-genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that these two strains, sharing high average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 99.28% and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) of 95.1%, represent the same species and constitute a novel branch within the Providencia genus. However, their respective ANI (79.84-84.20%) and dDDH (21.1-25.6%) values fall below the accepted species delineation threshold for Providencia rettgeri . Consequently, we propose that these isolates be recognized as a novel species, Providencia xianensis sp. nov. Alarmingly, both strains, which were isolated from locations far apart exhibited resistance to last-resort antibiotics used in clinical settings, indicating possible wide distribution of this new species, underscoring the emergent threat they pose due to potential multidrug resistance, a matter demanding immediate clinical vigilance.
A CASE OF POORLY DIFFERENTIATED ADENOCARCINOMA ARISING FROM THE REMNANT GASTRIC MUCOSA 20 YEARS AFTER TOTAL GASTRECTOMY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We experienced a case of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma arising in the remnant gastric mucosa with marked extension to the esophageal submucosal layer which developed 20 years after a total gastrectomy for a gastric cancer. A 61-year-old man, who had undergone a total gastrectomy for a gastric cancer at another hospital 20 years before, was admitted to the hospital. There was a history of repeated hospitalization because of malnutrition after the gastrectomy. In a recent endoscopic examination for anemia, redness and easy bleeding in the esophageal mucosa at the anastomotic region was found. The lesion was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma by biopsy. The esophagus in the bdominal and lower thoracic portions including the esophagojejunostomy site was resected. Macroscopic examination of the resected specimen showed a slightly elevated area of the esophageal mucosa at the anastomotic site, but neither color change nor ulcerated lesion was found. In the histological examination, the remnant gastric mucosa was detected and transformation of severe dysplastic epithelium into poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was observed at the anastomotic site. The carcinoma markedly extended into the esophageal submucosal layer. It was thought that malnutrition after total gastrectomy might be caused by reflux esophagitis. A long-term exposure of the esophagojejunostomy site to enteric juice seemed to be associated with the development of cancer from the remnant gastric mucosa.
A SIMPLE TRICK ENHANCES L5991's STANDBY FUNCTION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This application notes describes a simple technique that allows improving the Standby function of the advanced PWM controller L5991. The price to pay for that is the addition of just two resistors and two diodes, but the benefit brought in terms of no-load consumption in mains-operated converters is worth this small fee. The effectiveness of the improved Standby function will be proved and assessed on a couple of existing designs.
LeClair-Mussardo series for two-point functions in Integrable QFT

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We develop a well-defined spectral representation for two-point functions in relativistic Integrable QFT in finite density situations, valid for space-like separations. The resulting integral series is based on the infinite volume, zero density form factors of the theory, and certain statistical functions related to the distribution of Bethe roots in the finite density background. Our final formulas are checked by comparing them to previous partial results obtained in a low-temperature expansion. It is also show that in the limit of large separations the new integral series factorizes into the product of two LeClairMussardo series for one-point functions, thereby satisfying the clustering requirement for the two-point function.
The role of AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit Q/R site RNA editing in the normal and Alzheimer’s diseased brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is described by the build up of amyloid beta plaques in addition to neuronal loss and chronic neuroinflammation. Mouse models of AD, such as the hAPP-J20 mouse model, are valuable tools for investigating neuroprotective treatments. In the present thesis, the hAPP-J20 mouse model of AD was extensively characterised to show neurodegeneration, early inflammation, late amyloid beta plaque formation and memory and learning deficits. One of the most striking findings of this study showed neurodegeneration to occur very early in the disease progression. Therefore we investigated potential mechanisms of cell death. Modulation to RNA editing of GluA2 is a process known to cause excitotoxic cell death in diseases such as ischemia. The GluA2 subunit is responsible for gating calcium (Ca2+) influx through AMPA receptors. When the GluA2 subunit is present, the process of RNA editing is essential for the receptor to be Ca2+-impermeable. Specifically, editing of GluA2 by the ADAR2 enzyme, converts a glutamine (Q), that is present in the DNA, to an arginine (R) codon present in the mRNA. In this thesis, unedited GluA2 at the Q/R site was found in the CA1 hippocampal region of hAPP-J20 mice, causing potential cell death. To investigate the role of GluA2 RNA editing in health and disease we characterised mice with increased unedited GluA2. These mice showed neurodegeneration, increased inflammation and alteration to dendritic length and spine density, further indicating the functional need for GluA2 RNA editing within the CA1 hippocampal region. Finally, we crossed the hAPP-J20 line with a mouse line that expresses only edited GluA2, termed the GluA2R/R mice. These mice were generated by inserting an arginine within the DNA, thus alleviating the need for RNA editing at this site. By crossing this line with the hAPP-J20 line, neuroprotection within the CA1, increased spine density and improvements to memory tasks were observed, showing a functional role of GluA2 RNA editing in AD. Finally, we crossed the hAPP-J20 line with a mouse line that expresses only edited GluA2, termed the GluA2R/R mice. These mice were generated by inserting an arginine within the DNA, thus alleviating the need for RNA editing at this site. By crossing this line with the hAPP-J20 line, neuroprotection within the CA1, increased spine density and improvements to memory tasks were observed, showing a functional role of GluA2 RNA editing in AD
Achieved versus Ascribed Master Status in a Positive Deviance Profession

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Positive deviance is an increasingly accepted concept in sociology. The clergy constitute a quintessential positive deviance occupation as they are held to idealized norms. They have a master status applied to them; still, they have an achieved status as they freely choose their profession, feeling it to be a calling. On the other hand, the family of clergy also have a master status applied to them based on idealized norms. They, however, usually do not choose this ascribed status. Interviews were conducted with clergy and family members of clergy. Clergy accepted that they felt called to enter the profession. For family members, the master status is primarily ascribed. They often felt judged (on idealized norms) and felt pressure to conform to the idealized norms. The pressure can lead to guilt and isolation. While some acknowledge the positive impact on their lives, the ascribed nature of the status presents challenges.
Inflation, Inflation Uncertainty and Output in Tunisia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the relationship between inflation, inflation uncertainty and output in Tunisia using real and nominal data. GARCH-in-mean model with lagged variance equation is employed for the analysis. The result shows that inflation uncertainty has a positive and significant effect on the level of inflation only in the real term. Moreover, inflation uncertainty Granger-causes inflation and economic growth respectively. These results have important implications for the monetary policy in Tunisia.
Benchmarking bundling practices in the software industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Pricing comprises a crucial part of software product management. One strategy to follow is bundling; the sale of two or more products or services as one package. So far, little is known about the use and acceptance of bundling as a pricing tool within the software industry, especially when it comes to combining products and services into one package. In this paper we present the results of a small sample survey conducted with software companies, to both identify the bundling strategies that are employed and to let these companies benchmark their strategies with their competitors. In total, twenty-three companies took part in a web survey. Amongst others, results show that currently 71% of the companies make use of bundling and the average size of their packages is equal to five components. The configuration of such a package proceeds by assembling components around the product or service that is closest to the core competence of the organization.