jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Perception of Integrity of Three Public Agencies in Kuala Terengganu

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Malaysia in its effort to become a fully developed nation by 2020 has undertaken a monumental task in instilling noble values into its society including its civil sector. The integrity of the civil servants needs to be greatly improved in order to turn this vision into a reality. This project attempted to examine the level of awareness, knowledge and understanding on noble values particularly integrity among selected civil servants in selected State Government agencies in Terenganu, Malaysia. The respondents were selected based on a purposive sampling technique. The research used a quantitative approach where self-administered structured questions were distributed. Descriptive and inference analysis were carried out to meet the research objectives outlined. The research findings showed that there were civil servants groups who were unclear and uncertain about the meaning of integrity in public sector. Those with shorter length of services were found to be less knowledgeable on the rule and procedure which led to them being unsure about integrity. Length of service was found to be inversely related to the perception on the knowledge of integrity, corruption and quality of service delivery. For that reason, future research should identify the causes that will lead to enhancement of perception of integrity.
Fully epitaxial, exchange coupled SmCo5/Fe/SmCo5trilayers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Fully epitaxial SmCo5(25 nm)/Fe/SmCo5(25 nm) trilayer films were prepared, in which the easy magnetization axis of both hard magnetic SmCo5 layers is uniquely aligned along one orientation within the film plane. The interlayer exchange coupling between the hard and soft magnetic phase is studied by hysteresis measurements in the magnetic hard and magnetic easy orientation and by dc-demagnetizing loops for different thicknesses of the soft Fe layer. The good coupling together with the optimum texture provided by the epitaxial growth lead to excellent magnetic properties. Fully coupled trilayers are achieved for 6 nm thin Fe layers, which maintain a square hysteresis with high coercivity of μ0Hc = 1.5 T and a 30% remanence enhancement over a single hard magnetic layer. For thicker Fe layers (16 nm) the exchange coupling leads to reversible rotation processes within the soft phase before the trilayer switches irreversibly at a field of 0.9 T. The still acceptable coercive field and the further improved remanence lead to a maximum energy density of 224 kJ m−3 (28 MG Oe). The specific epitaxial relation between SmCo5 and Fe with its unique orientation of the SmCo5 easy axis throughout the whole layer stack presents the essential step in the realization of thick, textured, exchange coupled multilayers with high energy density.
HORMAD1 promotes RAD21L-dependent inter-sister SC formation.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p><b>(A)</b> Spread chromatin of zygotene-like spermatocytes from <i>Hormad1</i>-KO, <i>Rad21L</i>-KO and <i>Hormad1/Rad21L</i>-dKO were immunolabelled for SYCP3 (magenta) and SYCP1 (green). The frequency distribution of SYCP1 stretches are shown on the bottom. n indicates the number of the spermatocytes analyzed. <b>(B)</b> Spread chromatin of zygotene-like spermatocytes from <i>Hormad1</i>-KO, <i>Rad21L</i>-KO and <i>Hormad1/Rad21L</i>-dKO were immunolabelled for SYCP3 (magenta) and REC8 (green). <b>(C)</b> Spread chromatin of zygotene-like spermatocytes from <i>Rec8</i>-KO and <i>Hormad1</i>/<i>Rec8</i>-dKO were immunolabelled for SYCP3 (magenta) and SYCP1 (green). Enlarged images are shown on the bottom. Arrows indicate sister chromatid axis separations. <b>(D)</b> Spread chromatin of zygotene-like spermatocytes from <i>Rec8</i>-KO and <i>Hormad1</i>/<i>Rec8</i>-dKO were immunolabelled for SYCP3 (magenta) and RAD21L (green). Scale Bars: 10 μm.</p>
Improved Transfer Coefficients for Wall-Flow Monolithic Catalytic Reactors: Energy and Momentum Transport

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Wall-flow monolithic (WFM) catalytic reactors occupy an ever increasing important position in environmental and industrial catalysis as well as in energy applications. Their performance is very frequently determined by transport (momentum, energy, and mass) limitations, driven by the market needs for lower pressure drop, efficient heat exploitation, and miniaturization. In the present problem we address the problem of deriving the appropriate single channel equations that describe heat transfer in a wall-flow monolithic (WFM) reactor with porous channels of square-cross section. The first step of the study involves setting up a self-similar hydrodynamic problem for the two-dimensional flow field in the channel cross section. This flow field depends only on the so-called wall Reynolds number. It is shown that the self-similarity fails for large values of wall Reynolds number. The second step involves setting up the Graetz problem for the flow velocity profile found in the first step and solving for the asymptotic Nusselt number. This Nusselt number depends on the Prandtl number in addition to the wall Reynolds dependence through the flow-field. Correlations for the Nusselt number as a function of wall Reynolds and Prandtl numbers are given to facilitate the inclusion of these effects into standard practice.
CTD observations off northern California during the Shelf Mixed Layer Experiment, SMILE, May 1989

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

CTD observations were made off the northern California coast during R/V Wecoma \ncruise W8905 May 5-14, 1989 as part of the Shelf Mixed Layer Experiment \n(SMILE). The surveys consisted of two sampling plans - a large-scale grid of four cross-shelf \ntransects extending to both sides of Point Arena and Point Reyes, and a small-scale \ngrid of six cross-shelf transects located near the central SMILE mooring site. All of \nthe cross-shelf transects extended beyond the shelf break and the maximum sampling \ndepth at each station was near-bottom or 1500 m. The average along-shelf separation \nbetween cross-shelf transects was about 15 km for the small-scale surveys and 50 km for \nthe large-scale grid. \nThe primary objectives of the hydrographic measurement program were to observe \nand characterize the temperature, salinity, density, and light transmission fields and their \ntemporal and spatial variability in the surface boundary layer along the continental shelf \nand slope near the SMILE moored array, and to acquire estimates of the cross- and along-shelf \nscales over which the mixed-layer depth varies. This report presents a summary in \ngraphic and tabular form of the hydrographic observations made during cruise W8905 \non the R/V Wecoma.
Stock Price Prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This research examines various algorithms and techniques for stock price prediction. Utilizing historical stock data, we developed machine learning models, including linear regression, decision trees, and neural networks. The study evaluates which model demonstrates the best performance in terms of accuracy and reliability.After preprocessing the data, we trained the models and assessed their performance. Our results indicate that deep learning models, particularly recurrent neural networks (RNNs), are superior in predicting future trends in stock prices. These findings can be beneficial for investors and financial analysts looking to enhance their decision-making processes in the stock market.This research investigates various algorithms and techniques for predicting stock prices. By utilizing historical stock data, we developed several machine learning models, including linear regression, decision trees, and neural networks. The primary objective of this study is to determine which model exhibits the best performance regarding accuracy and reliability in forecasting stock prices.To prepare the data, we handled missing values, scaled features, and divided the dataset into training and testing sets. After training the models, we evaluated their performance using metrics such as mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE).Our findings indicate that deep learning models, particularly recurrent neural networks (RNNs), outperform traditional models in predicting future trends in stock prices. Additionally, we analyzed feature importance, revealing which factors have the most significant impact on stock prices. These insights can be valuable for investors and financial analysts seeking to enhance their decision-making processes in the stock market.
Effects of Virtual Pet and Exercise on Virtual-Pet Assisted Activity

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In recent years, about 15% of the working population have mental disorders. It causes low productivity, absence, and unemployment due to illness. Treatment of mental disorders takes a long time, so routine precautions are essential. One of the ways to prevent mental disorders is to get healing through interaction with animals. However, this method has not been widely accepted due to the difficulties of handling animals. To solve these problems, in the previous study, we introduced a virtual pet as an alternative to animals by using virtual reality (VR) technology, which is three-dimensional stereoscopic, and we verified that this system gained short-term psychological and physiological benefits. However, it was unclear which factors positively affected users. Therefore, this paper investigates whether the virtual pet factor or body movement factor affected users’ psychological and physiological aspects. As a result of an experiment, it is confirmed that both the virtual pet factor and the body movement factor positively affect users. In addition, the user’s subjective evaluation implies that the interaction with a virtual pet’s interest in the system.
A CASE OF ACETONEMIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The patient, a boy, aged 15, had an acute attack of appendicitis on Jan. 17, 1912. He vomited a number of times and complained of being chilly; temperature was normal; pulse 80. There were colicky pains about the navel but very little over the appendix, even on deep pressure. The bowels were free. The next morning, after a restless night, the temperature was 101.5 F. and the pulse 90; there was pain over the appendix but that about the navel had disappeared. On the afternoon of the same day the temperature was 102; pulg 100. The boy was taken to the hospital and a gangrenous appendix removed under chloroform anesthesia. No pus or any evidence of peritonitis was found, and the wound closed without drainage. The operation lasted about thirty-five minutes. The patient, being rather restless when put to bed, was given 1/8 grain of morphin. lie slept all night
Using weighted global control for stabilizing patterned states

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A general method to control a desired patterned state in reaction–diffusion processes is presented. Weighted global control is aimed to keep weighted spatially averaged properties of state variable at preset values. It is shown that weighted global control creates a stable direction in the global space of system states and affects system dynamics globally. We apply it for a specific two-component reaction–diffusion system and show that the desired pattern is attainable for a wide range of the control parameters.
Anaesthetic Techniques and Strategies: Do They Influence Oncological Outcomes?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: With the global disease burden of cancer increasing, and with at least 60% of cancer patients requiring surgery and, hence, anaesthesia over their disease course, the question of whether anaesthetic and analgesia techniques during primary cancer resection surgery might influence long term oncological outcomes assumes high priority. Methods: We searched the available literature linking anaesthetic-analgesic techniques and strategies during tumour resection surgery to oncological outcomes and synthesised this narrative review, predominantly using studies published since 2019. Current evidence is presented around opioids, regional anaesthesia, propofol total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) and volatile anaesthesia, dexamethasone, dexmedetomidine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and beta-blockers. Conclusions: The research base in onco-anaesthesia is expanding. There continue to be few sufficiently powered RCTs, which are necessary to confirm a causal link between any perioperative intervention and long-term oncologic outcome. In the absence of any convincing Level 1 recommending a change in practice, long-term oncologic benefit should not be part of the decision on choice of anaesthetic technique for tumour resection surgery.
Toward Repairing the Social Fabric

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On a recent Saturday on an empty lot in the West End of Providence, young people, families, neighborhood business owners, and concert-goers gathered for a musical event that grew out of a two-year research and oral history project about the history of the land where Community MusicWorks plans to build its future building. In a festival-like atmosphere, a Native American drumming group performed and offered an opening blessing, a Dominican spoken word artist performed a poem about his experience growing up in the neighborhood and witnessing gentrification and change, an elder from the Hmong Church, dressed in traditional costume, sang a mournful song about a bride's sorrow leaving home to join a new family. Community MusicWorks is premised on the idea that musicians can make work in the world as performers and educators rooted in the life of a community and woven into the fabric of a community's daily rituals.
How strong is the UKs preference for more variety

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Use of modern trade specifications which account for new trade theory and gains from increasing variety, such as Krugman (1980) and Melitz (2003), remains in its infancy in CGE modelling. Central to determining the gains from new product varieties and the impacts on welfare, trade patterns and factor returns is the elasticity of substitution between varieties. Thus, this paper develops the research underpinning these trade specifications by assessing a range of approaches for estimating substitution elasticities at the GTAP sector level.
Soderbery (2015) showed that previous estimates of the elasticity of substitution were significantly biased in the US context. We apply this approach to produce estimates for the UK, extending it to provide estimates at the product and GTAP sector level. Our results corroborate Soderbery’s (2015), with our estimates between 15% and 39% lower than previous UK estimates, suggesting they understated the gains from product variety in the UK. Investigating the importance of aggregation, we find that estimates are sensitive to the level of aggregation methodology, with product level estimates significantly higher than their GTAP counterparts. Using CGE simulations, we demonstrate the importance of estimating parameters at the same level of aggregation as modelling is carried out on.
Data and R Code for "Exploring climate-related gut microbiome variation in bumble bees: An experimental and observational perspective"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rising temperatures negatively affect bumble bee fitness directly through physiological impacts and indirectly by disrupting mutualistic interactions between bees and other organisms, which are crucial in determining species-specific responses to climate change. Gut microbial symbionts, key regulators of host nutrition and health, may be the Achilles’ heel of thermal responses in insects. They not only modulate biotic interactions with plants and pathogens but, also exhibit varying thermal sensitivity themselves. Understanding how environmental changes disrupt microbiome communities is a crucial first step to determine potential consequences for host population responses. We analyzed gut bacterial communities of six bumble bee species inhabiting different climatic niches along an elevational gradient in the German Alps using 16S ribosomal DNA amplicon sequencing. We first investigated whether inter- and intraspecific differences in gut bacterial communities can be linked to species' elevational niches, which differ in temperature, flower resource composition and likely pathogen pressure. A reciprocal translocation experiment between distinct climatic regions tested how the gut bacterial communities of Bombus terrestris and Bombus lucorum change short-term when exposed to new environments. Finally, we exposed these species to heat and cold wave scenarios within climate chambers to disentangle pure temperature-driven effects on the microbiome from other environmental effects. Interspecific variation in microbiome composition exceeded intraspecific variation. Species exhibit varying levels of gut microbiome stability, where stability is defined as the within-group variance: lower stability, indicated by greater within-group variance, is predominantly observed in species inhabiting higher elevations. Transplanted species showed subtle short-term gut microbiome adjustments, marked by an increase in Lactobacillaceae upon exposure to warmer regions; however, the gut microbiomes of these bumble bees did not change under laboratory temperature scenarios. We conclude that marked differences in the gut microbiomes of bumble bees could lead to species-specific responses to environmental change. For example, less stable microbiomes in bumble bees inhabiting higher elevations might indicate an increased sensitivity to pathogens. Short-term microbiome changes following translocation indicate that species with relatively stable microbiomes, such as B. lucorum and B. terrestris, can rapidly integrate new bacteria, which could increase their capacity to cope with new environments under climate change.
The influence of elevated seawater pCO2 on growth, calcification and maintenance of acid-base equilibria in the cephalopod Sepia officinalis.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (cephalopod mollusc) appears to be more tolerant to ocean acidification conditions compared to more hypometabolic invertebrates. It is concluded that the cuttlefish ecotype is not only an efficient acid-base regulator, but is also able to do so without disturbing metabolic equilibria in characteristic tissues. S. officinalis maintains control growth rates during six-week exposure to 0.6 kPa CO2, however, in contrast to most invertebrates, the calcification rate of the cuttlebone increases. The maintenance of calcification during exposure to elevated seawater pCO2 is attributed to strong ion regulatory abilities. Our results are in line with existing studies that have found higher sensitivity to elevated seawater pCO2 of early life stages compared to juveniles and adults. Assessment of ecologically relevant species sensitivity cannot yet be performed. Experiments crossing the generation boundary are missing, as well as a finer resolution of potential repartitioning of the energy budget and closer examination of the influence of ultrastructural changes on cuttlebone function as a buoyancy regulation device.
Investigation of Tumor Cells and Receptor-Ligand Simulation\nModels for the Development of PET Imaging Probes Targeting PSMA and\nGRPR and a Possible Crosstalk between the Two Receptors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen\n(PSMA) and gastrin-releasing\npeptide receptor (GRPR) have both been used in nuclear medicine as\ntargets for molecular imaging and therapy of prostate (PCa) and breast\ncancer (BCa). Three bioconjugate probes, the PSMA specific: [<sup>68</sup>Ga]­Ga-<b>1</b>, ((HBED-CC)-Ahx-Lys-NH-CO-NH Glu or\nPSMA-11), the GRPR specific: [<sup>68</sup>Ga]­Ga-<b>2</b>, ((HBED-CC)-4-amino-1-carboxymethyl\npiperidine-[D-Phe<sup>6</sup>, Sta<sup>13</sup>]­BN­(6–14), a\nbombesin (BN) analogue), and <b>3</b> (the BN analogue: 4-amino-1-carboxymethyl\npiperidine-[(R)-Phe<sup>6</sup>, Sta<sup>13</sup>]­BN­(6–14)\nconnected with the fluorescent dye, BDP-FL), were synthesized and\ntested in vitro with PCa and BCa cell lines, more specifically, with\nPCa cells, PC-3 and LNCaP, with BCa cells, T47D, MDA-MB-231, and with\nthe in-house created PSMA-overexpressing PC-3<sup>(PSMA)</sup>, T47D<sup>(PSMA)</sup>, and MDA-MB-231<sup>(PSMA)</sup>. In addition, biomolecular\nsimulations were conducted on the association of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> with PSMA and GRPR. The PSMA overexpression resulted in\nan increase of cell-bound radioligand [<sup>68</sup>Ga]­Ga-<b>1</b> (PSMA) for PCa and BCa cells and also of [<sup>68</sup>Ga]­Ga-<b>2</b> (GRPR), especially in those cell lines already expressing\nGRPR. The results were confirmed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting\nwith a PE-labeled PSMA-specific antibody and the fluorescence tracer <b>3</b>. The docking calculations and molecular dynamics simulations\nshowed how <b>1</b> enters the PSMA funnel region and how pharmacophore <i>Glu-urea-Lys</i> interacts with the arginine patch, the S1′,\nand S1 subpockets by forming hydrogen and van der Waals bonds. The\nchelating moiety of <b>1</b>, that is, HBED-CC, forms additional\nstabilizing hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions in the\narene-binding site. Ligand <b>2</b> is diving into the GRPR\ntransmembrane (TM) helical cavity, thereby forming hydrogen bonds\nthrough its amidated end, water-mediated hydrogen bonds, and π–π\ninteractions. Our results provide valuable information regarding the\nmolecular mechanisms involved in the interactions of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> with PSMA and GRPR, which might be useful for\nthe diagnostic imaging and therapy of PCa and BCa.
Reading behaviour and electronic journals

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Studies from 1977 through 2001 demonstrate that scientists continue to read widely from scholarly journals. Reading of scholarly articles has increased to approximately 120–130 articles per person per year, with engineers reading fewer journal articles on the average and medical faculty reading more. A growing proportion of these readings come from e‐prints and other separate copies. Most scientists in a discipline now use electronic journals at least part of the time, with considerable variations among disciplines. Evidence suggests that scientists are reading from a broader range of journals than in the past, influenced by timely electronic publishing and by growth in bibliographic searching and interpersonal communication as means of identifying and locating articles. Although the scholarly journals system has changed dramatically in the past few decades, it is evident that the value scientists place on the information found in scholarly journal articles, whether electronic or print, remains high.
A Variable-Sampling Controller for Brushless DC Motor Drives With Low-Resolution Position Sensors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a variable-sampling variable structure controller (VSC) for brushless dc (BLDC) motor drives with low-resolution position sensors (Hall sensors). The variable-sampling characteristics arising from the situation where measurements depend on the path-embedded sensors will result in the uncertainty of the discrete-time models. To circumvent this issue, a modification of the conventional discrete-time VSC control law for BLDC motor drives with Hall sensors is derived to achieve the robustness of speed control. Three measurement error-mitigation methods are also presented to reduce the errors due to low-resolution position feedback. Both simulated and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed controller and error-mitigation techniques.