jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Using digital and social media to execute a smoking cessation contest: Case study of the QUITPLAN Services QuitCash Challenge

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

QUITPLAN Services, a free smoking cessation service, ran a quit smoking contest called The QuitCash Challenge. Participants were recruited using traditional and digital mass media tactics. During the challenge, quitters were eligible to receive cessation support services including phone or web coaching, weekly e-mails, daily mobile text tips, or to participate in the conversation taking place on the QUITPLAN Services Facebook page. This case study explores using a combination of online and offline tactics to execute a successful promotion that increased traffic, engaged smokers in a quit attempt and ultimately provided valuable feedback that could be applied to future promotions, media plans and even the cessation services design itself.
Phase Equilibria in the TlInSe2â€“TlInP2Se6â€“Tl4P2Se6 Quasiternary System

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

For the first time the phase equilibrium of the Tl4P2Se6â€“TlInP2Se6 binary and TlInSe2â€“TlInP2Se6â€“Tl4P2Se6 ternary systems were investigated by the methods of physical-chemical analysis...
3D Printed Models—A Useful Tool in Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Many developments were made in the area of endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms, but this procedure also requires a good assessment of vascular anatomy prior to intervention. Seventy-six cases with brain aneurysms were selected and 1:1 scale 3D printed models were created. We asked three interventional neurosurgeons with different degrees of experience (ten years, four years, and a fourth-year resident) to review the cases using CTA (computed tomography angiogram) with MPR (multiplanar reconstructions) and VRT (volume rendering technique) and make a decision: coil embolization or stent-assisted coil embolization. After we provided them with the 3D printed models, they were asked to review their treatment plan. Statistical analysis was performed and the endovascular approach changed in 11.84% of cases for ten-year experienced neurosurgeons, 13.15% for four years experienced neurosurgeon, and 21.05% for residents. The interobserver agreement was very good between the ten years experienced interventionist and four years experienced interventionist when they analyzed the data set that included the 3D printed model. The agreement was higher between all physicians after they examined the printed model. 3D patient-specific printed models may be useful in choosing between two different endovascular techniques and also help the residents to better understand the vascular anatomy and the overall procedure.
Passive immunization of mice againstCandida albicans

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Three similar groups of mice were given either pooled immune serum from vaccinated mice, normal mouse serum or normal saline. The animals were then challenged simultaneously with a single intravenous dose of 1 × 105 viable units of C. albicans.Passive immunization conferred demonstrable protection, inasmuch as the length of survival of those animals that died was considerably extended, and 33% of the animals survived the entire period of observation.
The Correlativity between Surface Soil Magnetic Susceptibility and Soil Heavy Metal Content in Different Functional Zone in Jinhua City

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The correlativity between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal content of the surface soil sample of 59 in different functional zone were reserched.The statistics show that:(1) The relativity between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal is not obvious in the areas of living,education,business,orchard and wasteland.(2)The relativity is obvious in the highly heavy metal polluted functional zone,including the areas of industry,greening and vegetable farm in the city.In the industrial zone,soil magnetic susceptibility has the positive relation with Cu and Pb.In vegetable farm,soil magnetic susceptibility has the negative relation with Cr and Ni.In greening zone,soil magnetic susceptibility has the obvious negative relation with Pb,Cr and Ni.(3)The kind and degree of relation between surface soil magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal content is depend on the way people use the soil.We can indicate the heavy metal content of the special zones easily and scientifically by revealing the relativity between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal in each functional zone.
A Metabolic Profiling Analysis Revealed a Primary Metabolism Reprogramming in Arabidopsis glyI4 Loss-of-Function Mutant

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a cytotoxic compound often produced as a side product of metabolic processes such as glycolysis, lipid peroxidation, and photosynthesis. MG is mainly scavenged by the glyoxalase system, a two-step pathway, in which the coordinate activity of GLYI and GLYII transforms it into D-lactate, releasing GSH. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a member of the GLYI family named GLYI4 has been recently characterized. In glyI4 mutant plants, a general stress phenotype characterized by compromised MG scavenging, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), stomatal closure, and reduced fitness was observed. In order to shed some light on the impact of gly4 loss-of-function on plant metabolism, we applied a high resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approach to Arabidopsis Col-8 wild type and glyI4 mutant plants. A compound library containing a total of 70 metabolites, differentially synthesized in glyI4 compared to Col-8, was obtained. Pathway analysis of the identified compounds showed that the upregulated pathways are mainly involved in redox reactions and cellular energy maintenance, and those downregulated in plant defense and growth. These results improved our understanding of the impacts of glyI4 loss-of-function on the general reprogramming of the plant’s metabolic landscape as a strategy for surviving under adverse physiological conditions.
Image Processing & Neural Network Based Breast Cancer Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A large percentage of cancer patients are breast cancer patients. The main available methodology to examine the breast cancer is the Mammography. It detects the signs of breast cancer as different signs supports the experts&rsquo; decision. Actually, the Mammography is based on human perception and observations. So, build an AI computerized system will take major role in early signs detection. This paper presents an image processing with aid of artificial neural networks computations for computerized signs detection and exploration of breast cancer. The input material is the mammogram images, and the output helps the pathologists to take a decision. A set of input mammogram images was used for development, testing, and evaluation. The mammographic image will be preprocessed and then the features will be extracted using discrete wavelet transformation with aid of Weiner filtration. A historical data of extracted features were used to train a neural network, while the historical extracted features contains both Cancer and non-Cancer images. The combination of neural network machine learning, and rigid image processing techniques resulted accurate outputs. The methodology and results are showed and discussed later in this paper.
Utilization of ordinal response structures in classification with high-dimensional expression data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Molecular diagnosis or prediction of clinical treatment outcome based on high-throughput genomics data is a modern application of machine learning techniques for clinical problems. In practice, clinical parameters, such as patient health status or toxic reaction to therapy, are often measured on an ordinal scale (e.g. good, fair, poor). Commonly, the prediction of ordinal end-points is treated as a multi-class classification problem, disregarding the ordering information contained in the response. This may result in a loss of prediction accuracy. Classical approaches to model ordinal response directly, including for instance the cumulative logit model, are typically not applicable to high-dimensional data. We present hierarchical twoing (hi2), a novel algorithm for classification of high-dimensional data into ordered categories. hi2 combines the power of well-understood binary classification with ordinal response prediction. A comparison of several approaches for ordinal classification on real world data as well as simulated data shows that classification algorithms especially designed to handle ordered categories fail to improve upon state-of-the-art non-ordinal classification algorithms. In general, the classification performance of an algorithm is dominated by its ability to deal with the high-dimensionality of the data. Only hi2 outperforms its competitors in the case of moderate effects.
Halliday's Communicative-Functional Model Revisited

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The author of this study investigated the variety of functions used by a bilingual infant to provide further evidence for the communicative-functional approach to child language acquisition, compared the development of pragmatic functions in a monolingual and a bilingual child, and devised a categorization system that can be applied to child language acquisition data by other researchers in the field. Accordingly, data collected from a Persian-English bilingual child during a period of 10 months, as part of a longitudinal study, were analyzed, and a taxonomy of pragmatic functions the participant used was established. Analysis of the data indicated that despite certain differences in the frequency and distribution of pragmatic functions the participant employed in the present study (bilingual) and those used by Halliday's monolingual child, the two studies demonstrated that both children developed pragmatic functions from a very early age. The theoretical implication of this study is that the development of pragmatic functions is a natural tendency in young children, whether monolingual or bilingual. The practical outcome of the study is a proposed categorization system that is intended to facilitate the analysis of child language acquisition data from a communicative-functional perspective.
Augmented BMP signaling in the neural crest inhibits nasal cartilage morphogenesis by inducing p53-mediated apoptosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays many roles in skull morphogenesis. We have previously reported that enhanced BMP signaling through the BMP type IA receptor (BMPR1A) in cranial neural crest cells causes craniosynostosis during postnatal development. Additionally, we observed that 55% of Bmpr1a mutant mice show neonatal lethality characterized by a distended gastrointestinal tract. Here, we show that severely affected mutants exhibit defective nasal cartilage, failure of fusion between the nasal septum and the secondary palate, and higher levels of phosphorylated SMAD1 and SMAD5 in the nasal tissue. TUNEL demonstrated an increase in apoptosis in both condensing mesenchymal tissues and cartilage of the nasal region in mutants. The levels of p53 (TRP53) tumor suppressor protein were also increased in the same tissue. Injection of pifithrin-α, a chemical inhibitor of p53, into pregnant mice prevented neonatal lethality while concomitantly reducing apoptosis in nasal cartilage primordia, suggesting that enhanced BMP signaling induces p53-mediated apoptosis in the nasal cartilage. The expression of Bax and caspase 3, downstream targets of p53, was increased in the mutants; however, the p53 expression level was unchanged. It has been reported that MDM2 interacts with p53 to promote degradation. We found that the amount of MDM2-p53 complex was decreased in all mutants, and the most severely affected mutants had the largest decrease. Our previous finding that the BMP signaling component SMAD1 prevents MDM2-mediated p53 degradation coupled with our new data indicate that augmented BMP signaling induces p53-mediated apoptosis by prevention of p53 degradation in developing nasal cartilage. Thus, an appropriate level of BMP signaling is required for proper craniofacial morphogenesis.
Triterpene Saponins from Calendula arvensis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract From the aerial parts of Calendula arvensis a new triterpene saponin arvensoside C (1) was isolated together with four known triterpene saponins. The aglycon moieties had the oleanane skeleton for all of them. Three known flavonol glycosides, isorhamnetin 3-O-β -D-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-β -D-glucopyranoside and quercetin 3-O-β -D-galactopyranoside were also obtained and characterized. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments including 1D-TOCSY, DQF-COSY, HOHAHA, HSQC and HMBC spectroscopy as well as HRESIMS analysis.
Computing the roughening transition of Ising and solid-on-solid models by BCSOS model matching

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the roughening transition of the dual of the 2D XY model, of the Discrete Gaussian model, of the Absolute Value Solid-On-Solid model and of the interface in an Ising model on a 3D simple cubic lattice. The investigation relies on a renormalization group finite size scaling method that was proposed and successfully tested a few years ago. The basic idea is to match the renormalization group flow of the interface observables with that of the exactly solvable BCSOS model. Our estimates for the critical couplings are $\beta_R^{XY}=1.1199(1)$, $K_R^{DG}=0.6653(2)$ and $K_R^{ASOS}=0.80608(2)$ for the XY-model, the Discrete Gaussian model and the Absolute Value Solid-On-Solid model, respectively. For the inverse roughening temperature of the Ising interface we find $K_R^{Ising}= 0.40758(1)$. To the best of our knowledge, these are the most precise estimates for these parameters published so far.
Effects of 2,4-DP- P (2,4-Dichlorophenoxypropionic Acid-P) Plant Growth Regulator on Fruit Size and Yield of Star Ruby Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Osb.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Star Ruby is the main grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) variety grown in Turkey; however, small fruit size is a common problem in ‘Star Ruby‘ grapefruit. Fruit size is a decisive external quality parameter in citrus at the marketing of fresh citrus fruits. Fruit size can be enhanced by several techniques such as girdling and thinning. Various plant growth regulators are known to affect the growth and size of citrus fruit. The objective of the present study was to observe the effects of 2,4 dichlorophenoxypropionic acid-p (2,4-DP-P) on the fruit size, yield and quality of Star Ruby from 20-year-old trees budded on sour orange rootstock in Adana, Turkey in 2007. Four concentrations (50, 100, 150 and 300 ppm) of 2,4-DP-P were applied 8 weeks after anthesis during physiological fruit drop when the mean fruit diameter was 13-15 mm. The results indicated that the application of 2,4-DP-P increased the fruit size of Star Ruby grapefruit without reducing yield. The application had a significant effect on fruit yield except for trees treated with 50 ppm 2,4-DP-P. Compared with the control trees, applications of 2,4-DP-P increased the number of large, commercially valuable Star Ruby (>93 mm, 89-93 mm and 84-89 mm). No effects were determined on fruit internal quality parameters. Thus, the results of the present study revealed that 2,4-DP-P can be used to improve the fruit size of Star Ruby fruitlets during the June drop.
Porcine milk small extracellular vesicles modulate peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteome in vitro

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a subtype of nano-sized extracellular vesicles that mediate intercellular communication. EVs can be found in different body fluids, including milk. Monocytes internalize porcine milk EVs and modulate immune functions in vitro by decreasing their phagocytosis and chemotaxis while increasing their oxidative burst This study aimed to assess the impact of porcine milk EVs on the porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proteome. Porcine PBMC were incubated with porcine milk EVs or medium as a control. Extracted proteins were then analyzed using nano-LC-MS/MS. A total of 1584 proteins were identified. The supervised multivariate statistical analysis, sparse variant partial least squares – discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) for paired data identified discriminant proteins (DP) that contributed to a clear separation between the porcine milk EV treated cells and control groups. A total of 384 DP from both components were selected. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis with ProteINSIDE provided the evidence that the DP with a higher abundance in porcine milk EVs, like TLR2, APOE, CD36, MFGE8, were mainly involved in innate immunity and EV uptake processes. These results provide a proteomics background to the immunomodulatory activity of porcine milk EVs and to the potential mechanisms used by immune cells to internalize them.
Benefits Over Five Years of Ixekizumab Treatment in Patients With Psoriasis Involving Challenging Body Areas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For most efficacy measures, patients treated with ixekizumab over 5 years achieved similar clear responses and cumulative clinical benefits regardless of baseline involvement of challenging body areas. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(8):619-625. doi:10.36849/JDD.8160.
Perfect Pre-Images of Collectionwise Normal Spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We show that the following are true for perfect maps: (1) collectionwise normality with respect to compact (LindelÃ¶f) sets is preserved inversely; (2) collectionwise normality with respect to countably compact (${\omega _1}$-compact) sets is preserved inversely if and only if the domain space is normal with respect to countably compact (${\omega _1}$-compact) sets; and (3) if $P$ is any property such that (i) $P$ is preserved by perfect maps, (ii) the free union of spaces satisfying $P$ also satisfies $P$, (iii) $P$ is closed hereditary, and (iv) $P$ plus collectionwise normality implies countable metacompactness, then collectionwise normality with respect to closed $P$-sets is preserved inversely if the domain space is normal with respect to closed $P$-sets. Examples of such a property $P$ are paracompactness, submetacompactness, stratifiability and countable metacompactness.
Graph-based analysis of cloud connectivity at the internet protocol level

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Internet connectivity of cloud services is of exceptional importance for both their providers and consumers. This article demonstrates the outlines of a method for measuring cloud-service connectivity at the internet protocol level from a client's perspective. For this, we actively collect connectivity data via traceroute measurements from PlanetLab to several major cloud services. Furthermore, we construct graph models from the collected data, and analyse the connectivity of the services based on important graph-based measures. Then, random and targeted node removal attacks are simulated, and the corresponding vulnerability of cloud services is evaluated. Our results indicate that cloud service hosts are, on average, much better connected than average hosts. However, when interconnecting nodes are removed in a targeted manner, cloud connectivity is dramatically reduced.
Preliminary report on use of 3-dimensional computed tomographic images in a disease-based transesophageal echocardiographic simulation system.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We used 3-dimensional computed tomographic images to create a disease-based transesophageal echocardiographic simulation system for complex congenital heart defects. We enrolled 7 pediatric patients with complex congenital heart defects in this proof-of-concept study. Preoperative computed tomographic images and intraoperative transesophageal echocardiographic images were acquired for all patients. Two- and 3-dimensional computed tomographic cross-sectional images were created to simulate the process of transesophageal echocardiographic image acquisition. Computed tomographic images simulating the midesophageal 4- and 5-chamber views, aortic valve short-axis views, long-axis views, and ascending aortic short-axis views were created to correspond with the actual transesophageal echocardiographic images from each patient. Four reviewers then evaluated the image quality of the computed tomographic images, the agreement between the echocardiographic and tomographic images, and the ability of the 3-dimensional computed tomographic full-volume and cross-sectional images to yield the spatial and temporal congruence of transesophageal echocardiograms. In most of the patients, computed tomography yielded images of good-to-excellent quality. Strong agreement was noted between the computed tomographic and transesophageal echocardiographic images acquired in the same patients. The ability of 3-dimensional computed tomography to yield the spatial and temporal congruence of transesophageal echocardiography in selected planes was also good to excellent. We found that 3-dimensional computed tomographic images can simulate the process of transesophageal echocardiography in acquiring the echocardiographic image clearly. This imaging method has the potential to be applied successfully to a disease-based transesophageal echocardiographic simulation system.
Evidence for the role of proton shell closure in quasi-fission reactions from X-ray fluorescence of mass-identified fragments

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The atomic numbers and the masses of fragments formed in quasi-fission reactions have been simultaneously measured at scission in 48 Ti + 238 U reactions at a laboratory energy of 286 MeV. The atomic numbers were determined from measured characteristic fluorescence X-rays whereas the masses were obtained from the emission angles and times of flight of the two emerging fragments. For the first time, thanks to this full identification of the quasi-fission fragments on a broad angular range, the important role of the proton shell closure at Z = 82 is evidenced by the associated maximum production yield, a maximum predicted by time dependent Hartree-Fock calculations. This new experimental approach gives now access to precise studies of the time dependence of the N/Z (neutron over proton ratios of the fragments) evolution in quasi-fission reactions.
How Do UK-Based Foreign Exchange Dealers Think Their Market Operates?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper summarises the results of a survey of UK based foreign exchange dealers conducted in 1998. It addresses topics in three main areas: The microeconomic operation of the foreign exchange market; the beliefs of dealers regarding the importance, or otherwise, of macroeconomic fundamental factors in affecting exchange rates; microstructure factors in FX. We find that heterogeneity of traders' beliefs is evident from the results but that it is not possible to explain such disagreements in terms of institutional detail, rank or trading technique (e.g. technical analysts versus fundamentalists). As expected, non-fundamental factors are thought to dominate short horizon changes in exchange rates, but fundamentals are deemed important over much shorter horizons that the mainstream empirical literature would suggest. Finally, market ‘norms' and behavioural phenomena are very strong in the FX market and appear to be key determinants of the bid-ask spread