jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diferencias socioeconómicas en la postulación a las universidades chilenas: el rol de factores académicos y no académicos.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Numerous studies have shown that socioeconomic inequalities, manifested through differences in student's prior academic preparation or achievement, strongly influence access to Chilean universities. To date, the research has focused mainly on the influence of academic factors on inequalities in access, paying little attention to the role of non-academic factors in this process. Administrative records of the university admission process in 2013 (n = 264,023) were used to study how academic and non-academic factors influence the decision to apply to universities. The findings confirm that the decision to apply to the college admission process is strongly associated with the scores on the university admission tests (PSU), as well as parental education and the applicants' educational expectations. In particular, the findings suggest that students' socioeconomic backgrounds influence their decision to apply to universities, arising from their evaluation of their own abilities and expectations of success in the university system.
Approaches for prevention of tumors in patients with rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Patients with rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome (RTPS) harbor germline alterations in the epigenetic regulator genes SMARCB1 or SMARCA4. Patients usually present with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) of the brain or malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) arising outside the central nervous system. Intensive treatment can lead to remissions, however tumors frequently recur or synchronous or metachronous tumors appear. A maintenance or secondary prevention regimen may prevent these aggressive tumors. Potential maintenance regimens may include low-dose traditional chemotherapy or different epigenetic therapies designed to target the epigenetic imbalance that drives RTs. We here review several potential maintenance regimens that may be useful in RTPS.
Picosecond Pulse Radiolysis Study of Highly Concentrated Nitric Acid Solutions: Formation Mechanism of NO3• Radical

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The formation of nitrate radical, NO(3)(•), is observed for the first time directly by picosecond pulse radiolysis of highly concentrated nitric acid solutions. The experimental yield of NO(3)(-) ionization is deduced from the pulse-probe transient absorption measurements in the visible region where this radical absorbs. On the basis of the value of the extinction coefficient of nitrate radical at 640 nm equal to 1300 M cm(-1), the experimental yield of NO(3)(•) at 20 ps is found to be around 0.36 × 10(-7), 1.33 × 10(-7), and 2.85 × 10(-7) mol J(-1) for 1, 3.5, and 7 M nitric acid solutions, respectively. Relative to the dose absorbed by nitric acid by the direct effect, we find an unexpected high formation yield of the nitrate radical within the electron pulse. Therefore, we suggest that the trapping of the positive hole, H(2)O(•+), by NO(3)(-) also contributes to the formation of NO(3)(•) within the electron pulse. Moreover, after the pulse and within 4 ns, the beginning of the reaction of OH(•) radical with undissociated nitric acid is observed for the most concentrated nitric acid solution.
Identification of miRNAs signature in association with neuropathophysiology in Alzheimer’s disease.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cognition is typically attributed to neuronal development in brain. Aberrant cognitive performance becomes apparent with age and progressive neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Neuronal development in the adult brain can be modulated by complex microRNA (miRNA) regulatory network for structural and functional development of neurons and synapses. Our study aimed to identify and characterize biological function of miRNAs associated to AD neuropathophysiology. To identify a novel AD-associated miRNA signature, triple-transgenic (3xTg-AD) mouse model was first involved with immunohistochemical detection of AD neuropathophysiology such as deteriorated hippocampal neurogenesis and intraneuronal Aβ deposition. On the ensuing, profiling studies of neuronal miRNAs in 3xTg-AD mice were performed using SYBR Green-based real-time protocol. AD hippocampal response of mature miR-148b was significantly upregulated at 12 months of age. This study also expanded the repertoire of miRNA profiles in human blood mononuclear cells (BMC). Next, miRNA target identification via sequence-based approach and functional characterization through gene ontology analysis were achieved. Computational prediction approach unveiled the potential regulatory role of miR-148b in synaptic transmission via NPTN gene. This study advocates the functional link between miRNA regulatory network and AD neuropathology, which is instrumental for future miRNA studies on molecular neuropathogenesis of AD.
Minuartia campestris Linnaeus 1753

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Minuartia campestris Loefling ex Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 89. 1753. "Habitat in Hispaniae collibus planis." RCN: 750. Neotype (López González in Cafferty & Jarvis in Taxon 53: 1052. 2004): Herb. Linn. No. 113.5 (LINN). Current name: Minuartia campestris Loefl. ex L. (Caryophyllaceae). Note: López González (in Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 60: 429-434 (2003 [2002]) provides an extremely detailed account of Löfling’s materials and descriptions involved in the treatment of Minuartia and Queria by Linnaeus.
LANGUAGE PLANNING IN SAUDI ARABIA (1927–2019): ARABIC AND OTHER LANGUAGES; pp. 409–424

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to survey and explore the history and development of language policy and planning (LPP) in Saudi Arabia. It did not only probe into Arabic, which is the national language but also attempted to discover the relationship between Arabic and foreign languages functioning in the country, including English as manifested in policy documents. The method of data analysis was qualitative. It followed the historical-structural and the discourse-analytical approaches to language policy and planning research. The source of the data used in the analysis was a monograph of the collection of language policy and planning statements compiled by King Abdullah International Centre for Arabic Language (KAICAL). The major findings of the analysis of the texts in this document showed that the modern Saudi State has paid careful attention to language planning issues since its inception. Across the history of the Kingdom until today, language issues have been of central concern and various policy statements have attempted to cover status, corpus, acquisition, and prestige planning. The rationale has always been coping with economic, social, political, and educational changes. Cultural, religious, and national identity of the Kingdom is always present in most of language policy and planning and plays a key guiding role. The power relation between Arabic and foreign languages in Saudi Arabia national and international concerns was clearly addressed in the policy document. The intertextuality traced among the policy statements provided strong evidence of cohesion in the language planning situation in Saudi Arabia.
Voices in the Wilderness: Environment, Colonialism, and Coloniality in Latin American Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsJennifer L. FrenchJennifer L. French is Associate Professor of Spanish at Williams College and currently serves as Director of the Center for Environmental Studies. She is the author of Nature, Neocolonialism and the Spanish American Regional Writers (2007)
Network agents for supporting consumers in the lifecycle management of individual parts

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To realise a sustainable society, it is essential to promote the reuse of mechanical parts using lifecycle management. However, due to unpredictable consumer-behaviour patterns, it is difficult to manage products in the use phase of a product's lifecycle. The authors propose a product lifecycle management system using network agents and RFID tags attached to individual parts, to support consumers and promote part reuse in the use phase. We have developed prototype functions of the network agent system on the basis of the product lifecycle of consumer-electronic appliances. This paper describes the functions of a prototype network agent that are developed in order to support consumer activities in the product lifecycle, and results of a simulation to investigate its effectiveness. The functions of the prototype allow the network agent to control the environmental load of a product in the consumer use phase and predict a part failure.
COP1 and phyB Physically Interact with PIL1 to Regulate Its Stability and Photomorphogenic Development inArabidopsis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract In Arabidopsis thaliana, the cryptochrome and phytochrome photoreceptors act together to promote photomorphogenic development. The cryptochrome and phytochrome signaling mechanisms interact directly with CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1), a RING motif–containing E3 ligase that acts to negatively regulate photomorphogenesis. COP1 interacts with and ubiquitinates the transcription factors that promote photomorphogenesis, such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 and LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED1 (HFR1), to inhibit photomorphogenic development. Here, we show that COP1 physically interacts with PIF3-LIKE1 (PIL1) and promotes PIL1 degradation via the 26S proteasome. We further demonstrate that phyB physically interacts with PIL1 and enhances PIL1 protein accumulation upon red light irradiation, probably through suppressing the COP1–PIL1 association. Biochemical and genetic studies indicate that PIL1 and HFR1 form heterodimers and promote photomorphogenesis cooperatively. Moreover, we demonstrate that PIL1 interacts with PIF1, 3, 4, and 5, resulting in the inhibition of the transcription of PIF direct-target genes. Our results reveal that PIL1 stability is regulated by phyB and COP1, likely through physical interactions, and that PIL1 coordinates with HFR1 to inhibit the transcriptional activity of PIFs, suggesting that PIL1, HFR1, and PIFs constitute a subset of antagonistic basic helix-loop-helix factors acting downstream of phyB and COP1 to regulate photomorphogenic development.
Core-shell microgels via precipitation polymerization: computer simulations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work we presented a novel computational model of precipitation polymerization allowing one to obtain core-shell microgels via a realistic cross-linking process based on the experimental procedure. We showed that the cross-linker-monomer reactivity ratios r are responsible for the microgel internal structure. Values of r lower than 1 correspond to the case when alternating sequences occur at the early reaction stages; this leads to the formation of microgels with pronounced core-shell structure. The distribution of dangling ends for small values of r becomes bimodal with two well-distinguished peaks, which correspond to the core (short dangling ends) and corona (long dangling ends) regions. The density profiles confirm the existence of two distinct regions for small r: a densely cross-linked core and a loose corona entirely consisting of dangling ends with no cross-linker. The consumption of the cross-linker in the course in the microgel formation was found to be in a perfect agreement with the predictions of Monte Carlo (MC) model in the sequence space.
FAMILY MEDICINE – WORLD PERSPECTIVE How Should Complementary Practitioners and Physicians Communicate? A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The extensive use of complementary and alternative medicine for patients can complicate dialogue between physicians and complementary and alternative medicine practitioners, but not much data have been collected on the expectations and attitudes of physicians and complementary and alter-native medicine practitioners concerning their communication and collaboration. In this study, we com-pared the results of a cross-sectional survey of both groups to elucidate the attitudes and expectations regarding communication and collaboration. Methods: Questionnaires were mailed electronically or through the mail to 2532 primary care physi-cians and 450 complementary and alternative medicine practitioners employed by Clalit Health Services, the largest health maintenance organization in Israel. Results: Questionnaires were returned by 333 physicians (response rate of 13%) and 241 practitio-ners (response rate of 54%). According to our results, the majority of both groups expressed an inter-est in clinical practice collaboration (69 % and 77 % of physicians and practitioners, respectively; P .043); preferred using a medical letter to communicate with each other; and expected to consult with each other about mutual patients to formulate treatment plans. However, the practitioners were more interested than the physicians in collaborative scientific research (15 % vs 42%, respectively; P &lt;.0001) and collaborative medical education (2 % vs 27%, respectively; P &lt;.0001). The physicians also sup-
The financial crisis in Southeast Asia: Its implications for Russia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In the years 1996-97, Russia became a part of highly volatile, risky international market of speculative capital that had a destructive effect not only on its financial market and economy, but on the financial and economic situations of other countries. The lessons of the financial crisis in emerging markets, Russia among them, should be the subject of serious studies by Russian political, financial and academic communities. Though the solution of the domestic aspects of the Russian financial crisis lies on the shoulders of the Russian government, it might be advisable for Russia to take part in world community efforts to control the destructive aspects of international speculative capital activities.
Bionomics of the Pea pod borer, etiella zinckenella (Treitschke)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pea pod borer, Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) is a cosmopolitan species and is know to damage a large varierty of leguminous crops. In India, it is one of the commonly available borer pests of winter pulse crops. It has been reported from different parts of India and causes damage to various pulses and sunnhempt (Fletcher, 1914; Mitra, 1944; Singh and Sohi, 1957, Sandhu and Verma, 1968).
Viability of the health protection account in Hong Kong.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To the Editor—Law and Yip’s 1 attempt to model the sustainability of the proposed Health Protection Account (HPA) is a useful first step in debating Hong Kong’s health financing options, given the relatively muted evidence-based discussion of the topic thus far. However, we have found several methodological inconsistencies and queries that should be further addressed. First, there appears to be some confusion over the economic concepts of quantity and price in Table 1. The growth projection of the notional unit costs of hospitalisation (HK$3622) and specialist consultation (HK$549) should not be based on the aggregate, unadjusted medical expenditure annual growth rate. More importantly, the 5% annual expenditure growth rate was derived from the period 1993 to 2000, during which the Hospital Authority underwent accelerated structural expansion in its first decade of operation. Many of these costs were nonrecurrent and should not have been included in the growth projection exercise. In addition, the nominal medical expenditure reported in Table 1 had not been adjusted for population changes and utilisation patterns. For instance, the shifting market share from private to public facilities during that period would have artificially accentuated the apparent growth in overall health services utilisation for the population.
An open multicentre study of tropisetron for cisplatin‐induced nausea and vomiting

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tropisetron was effective for acute cisplatin-induced emesis; adding dexamethasone enhanced this response. Both single and combined therapy had less effect on delayed emesis. The impact of alcohol on control of emesis is a chronic rather than acute phenomenon which requires prospective testing.
C19orf12 gene mutation with neuropsychiatric symptoms: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a genetic disorder characterized by iron accumulation in the basal ganglia. Patients may develop behavioral abnormalities, dementia, movement disorders, and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as emotional lability, depression, anxiety, hallucinations, impulsivity, obsessions, and hyperactivity. In this case, a 46-year-old male patient with a C19orf12 mutation experienced depressive complaints before movement disorders, followed by cognitive deficits and psychotic symptoms as the disease progressed. The patient's response to quetiapine treatment is crucial for managing neuropsychiatric symptoms. This case could contribute to the literature on presentation, differential diagnosis, and management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in rare NBIA patients.
Expression of CCL20 and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, but Not Flt3-L, from Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Enhances Antiviral Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT While modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is currently in clinical development as a safe vaccine against smallpox and heterologous infectious diseases, its immunogenicity is likely limited due to the inability of the virus to replicate productively in mammalian hosts. In light of recent data demonstrating that vaccinia viruses, including MVA, preferentially infect antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that play crucial roles in generating antiviral immunity, we hypothesized that expression of specific cytokines and chemokines that mediate APC recruitment and activation from recombinant MVA (rMVA) vectors would enhance the immunogenicity of these vectors. To test this hypothesis, we generated rMVAs that express murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF), human CCL20/human macrophage inflammatory protein 3α (hCCL20/hMIP-3α), or human fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (hFlt3-L), factors predicted to increase levels of dendritic cells (DCs), to recruit DCs to sites of immunization, or to promote maturation of DCs in vivo, respectively. These rMVAs also coexpress the well-characterized, immunodominant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein (NP) antigen that enabled sensitive and quantitative assessment of antigen-specific CD8 + T-cell responses following immunization of BALB/c mice. Our results demonstrate that immunization of mice with rMVAs expressing mGM-CSF or hCCL20, but not hFlt3-L, results in two- to fourfold increases of cellular immune responses directed against vector-encoded antigens and 6- to 17-fold enhancements of MVA-specific antibody titers, compared to those responses elicited by nonadjuvanted rMVA. Of note, cytokine augmentation of cellular immune responses occurs when rMVAs are given as primary immunizations but not when they are used as booster immunizations, suggesting that these APC-modulating proteins, when used as poxvirus-encoded adjuvants, are more effective at stimulating naïve T-cell responses than in promoting recall of preexisting memory T-cell responses. Our results demonstrate that a strategy to express specific genetic adjuvants from rMVA vectors can be successfully applied to enhance the immunogenicity of MVA-based vaccines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Benzo(b)naphtho(2,3‐e)‐(1, 4)dioxin‐6,11‐quinones and Their N,N′‐Dicyano Quinonediimine Derivatives.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Contributions of Neuromarketing in Marketing Research

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Significant advances in neuroscience in the last couple of decades are finally bringing us closer to a place we have never been before inside the human mind. Research is able to measure brain movement and emotions to see how brain works. Conventional marketing tools have proven to be limited when testing human subjects and have frequently been criticized for their inability to assess consumers' motivations. Although neuromarketing is gaining popularity among professionals and academicians, there are still reservations when it comes to the function of neuromarketing and its level of information accuracy. The emerging field of emotions as a physiological state in marketing has established itself as an important source for marketers and academic research. This article reviews the history of neuromarketing, describes its applications, depicts the challenges in its implementation, and hence explores potential elucidation to ensure effective uses that remain underexplored.
Ethical Tissue: A Bioresource Specialising in Broad Prospective Supply of Tissue from a Wide Range of Participants

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Ethical Tissue (ET) is a Research Tissue Bank specialising in researcher led prospective collection of tissues. ET does not focus on specific conditions nor is it restricted in who it can supply. We consider requests for any type of tissue, including biofluids such as blood, serum, plasma and urine, from researchers in academia or industry from any part of the world. Tissues and biofluids are collected under generic and lasting consent, maximising reuse/sharing potential. ET also provides tissue processing services including tissue micro-arrays from both fresh frozen tissues and FFPE blocks, primary cell cultures, subcellular fractions and DNA/RNA preparations. A list of banked tissues, including biofluids, cell lines and processed samples is available on the ET website. Funding statement: The major source of income for Ethical Tissue is through cost recovery. In addition the authors would like to acknowledge the ongoing support of the University of Bradford.
Probing the Properties of a Phytotropin Binding Protein

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We have described the inhibition of polar auxin transport by several phytotropins including 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and quercetin. Semicarbazones (substituted phenylsemicarbazones of 2-acetylarylcarboxylic acids) are inhibitors consistent with previously predicted general structural requirements for auxin transport inhibitors. The best semicarbazone derivative tested to date, hereafter called SCB-1, binds to the NPA binding protein with high affinity, Kb = 4 nanomolar. Quantification of the binding of various phytotropins allows us to make some general statements concerning the structure/properties of the NPA binding protein. The data suggest that the ligand binding region of this protein is multifaceted, a conclusion supported by the chemical predictions of Katekar and Geissler ([1977] Plant Physiol 60: 826-829). Although the data do not allow us to make specific conclusions on the structure of the binding site, they do show that both NPA and SCB-1 could each occupy two regions of the protein. At least one of these binding regions appears to be common for both inhibitors of auxin transport. We suggest that the diversity of the binding site structure reflects the possible existence of more than one type of natural ligand controlling the process of auxin transport.