jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Risk of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis from Swimming in the Presence of EnvironmentalNaegleria fowleri

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Free-living Naegleria fowleri amoebae cause primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Because of the apparent conflict between their ubiquity and the rarity of cases observed, we sought to develop a model characterizing the risk of PAM after swimming as a function of the concentration of N. fowleri . The probability of death from PAM as a function of the number of amoebae inhaled is modeled according to results obtained from animals infected with amoeba strains. The calculation of the probability of inhaling one or more amoebae while swimming is based on a double hypothesis: that the distribution of amoebae in the water follows a Poisson distribution and that the mean quantity of water inhaled while swimming is 10 ml. The risk of PAM for a given concentration of amoebae is then obtained by summing the following products: the probability of inhaling n amoebae × the probability of PAM associated with inhaling these n amoebae. We chose the lognormal model to assess the risk of PAM because it yielded the best analysis of the studentized residuals. Nonetheless, the levels of risk thereby obtained cannot be applied to humans without correction, because they are substantially greater than those indicated by available epidemiologic data. The curve was thus adjusted by a factor calculated with the least-squares method. This provides the PAM risk in humans as a function of the N. fowleri concentration in the river. For example, the risk is 8.5 × 10 −8 at a concentration of 10 N. fowleri amoebae per liter.
[The immunodepressive and lympholytic action of kortifen].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The study of the effect of a new antitumor drug cortifen on humoral immunity in experiments on CBA mice showed that it is a potent and long acting immunodepressant. The degree of immunity depression was found to be drug dose-dependent. The hormonal components of cortifen failed to exert the immunodepressive action. The alkylating component, chlorphenacyl, on the contrary, had the immunostimulating effect.
BET inhibition sensitizes innate checkpoint inhibitor resistant melanoma to anti‐CTLA‐4 treatment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Approximately 50% of melanoma patients fail to respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and acquired resistance hampers long‐term survival in about half of initially responding patients. Whether targeting BET reader proteins, implicated in epigenetic dysregulation, can enhance ICB response rates and durability, remains to be determined. Here we show elevated BET proteins correlate with poor survival and ICB responses in melanoma patients. The BET inhibitor IBET151, combined with anti‐CTLA‐4, overcame innate ICB resistance however, sequential BET inhibition failed against acquired resistance in mouse models. Combination treatment response in the innate resistance model induced changes in tumor‐infiltrating immune cells, reducing myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed decreased expression of inhibitory receptors, with reduced TIM3, LAG3, and BTLA checkpoint expression. In human PBMCs in vitro, BET inhibition reduced expression of immune checkpoints in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, restoring effector cytokines and downregulating the transcriptional driver TOX. BET proteins in melanoma may play an oncogenic role by inducing immune suppression and driving T cell dysfunction. The study demonstrates an effective combination for innately unresponsive melanoma patients to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, yet highlights BET inhibitors' limitations in an acquired resistance context.
Eliciting Contact-Based and Contactless Gestures With Radar-Based Sensors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Radar sensing technologies now offer new opportunities for gesturally interacting with a smart environment by capturing microgestures via a chip that is embedded in a wearable device, such as a smartwatch, a finger or a ring. Such microgestures are issued at a very small distance from the device, regardless of whether they are contact-based, such as on the skin, or contactless. As this category of microgestures remains largely unexplored, this paper reports the results of a gesture elicitation study that was conducted with twenty-five participants who expressed their preferred user-defined gestures for interacting with a radar-based sensor on nineteen referents that represented frequent Internet-of-things tasks. This study clustered the 25 × 19 = 475 initially elicited gestures into four categories of microgestures, namely, micro, motion, combined, and hybrid, and thirty-one classes of distinct gesture types and produced a consensus set of the nineteen most preferred microgestures. In a confirmatory study, twenty new participants selected gestures from this classification for thirty referents that represented tasks of various orders; they reached a high rate of agreement and did not identify any new gestures. This classification of radar-based gestures provides researchers and practitioners with a larger basis for exploring gestural interactions with radar-based sensors, such as for hand gesture recognition.
75 years of agricultural plant breeding

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Tämä Maataloustieteellisen Aikakauskirjan numero on toimitettu vuonna 1913 perustetun Hankkijan kasvin jalostuslaitoksen 75-juhlavuoden merkeissä. Artikkelien yhteisteemana on »Jalostus ja valinta viljelyn pohjoisrajalla». Jokainen kirjoittaja työskentelee lajin tai kasviryhmän viljelyn pohjoisella raja-alueella ja käsittelee sen asettamia ongelmia kohteensa jalostamisessa tai jalostustutkimuksessa.
Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with hypertensive peak after Ahmed glaucoma valve implant

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: To report the clinical epidemiological profile of patients who presented the hypertensive peak after VAT and to indicate possible associated risk factors. Methods: A retrospective, observational and descriptive study (review of medical records of patients assisted in the IBOPC) from 2014 to 2016. Results: We analyzed 40 patients with glaucoma submitted to Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implant. The most common preoperative diagnosis was secondary glaucoma, with the most frequent corneal penetrating post-transplant indication. 95% of the surgeries were of isolated tube implantation. 56% of patients had previous anti-glaucomatous surgery. 46% needed a posterior surgical procedure to manage postoperative complications, and the most frequent was atalamia (9.7%). IOP preoperatively = 28.6 ± 12.20mmHg, with use of 3.41 medications. At 3 weeks the mean IOP increased to 16mmHg, with use of 0.42 medications. After 3 months of surgery the mean IOP was 16.5mmHg, with use of 1.86 of medications. After 6 months of follow-up the mean IOP decreased (16.4 ± 6.74 mmHg), with 2.23 ± 1.45 medications. The mean of the AV (Snellen) was 20 / 100p in the preoperative period and 20/200 after the 6th month of surgery. Fourteen patients fulfilled the criteria for HP, of which 6 obtained HP resolution. Of the patients who developed HP, 78.4% started to elevate IOP between the 2nd and 4th postoperative week. Six (14.6%) patients had complete surgical success, partial in 36.6% and bankruptcy in 31%. Conclusion: The hypertensive phase may occur in part of the patients after the initial weeks of the surgical procedure. The knowledge of this phenomenon, the previous preparation of the surgeon, the regular monitoring of the patient and the control of IOP with the use of medications are determinant in the resolution of this complication.
Distribution of the genus Bursera in Morelos state (Mexico) and its relation to climate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The influence of climatic variables on the distribution of 15 species of Bursera in Morelos Mexico, was analyzed. Data on the presence of species and climatic variables from 47 meteorological stations were obtained, and maps of actual and potential distribution were made using a GIS; the influence of the main climatic variables on the distribution was analyzed by principal component and cluster analyses. The species of Bursera are found in an altitudinal range of 800-2 800 m; species richness is higher in the warm, relatively dry areas south of the state. Two main groups of species were distinguished: a), those having a restricted distribution, found mainly in warm sites and, b), those having a wider distribution, including relatively cool sites. Precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures, evapotranspiration and its seasonality, all influenced the distribution of the species. Bursera bicolor, B. bipinnata, B. cuneata, B. copallifera, B. fagaroides, B. grandifolia and B. glabrifolia are found on sites having a relatively low minimum temperature (5-10° C) and high precipitation, while B. aptera, B. ariensis, B. lancifolia, B. linanoe, B. longipes, B. morelensis, B. schlechtendalii and B. submoniliformis are found in areas experiencing higher minimum temperatures (≥ 14° C) and relatively drier conditions.
Fabrication of All-glass Polarization Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A kind of all-glass polarization maintaining PCF is designed and fabricated using rod-in-tube method and capillary-stacking technique.The microscopic end profile of the fiber exhibits an excellent maintenance in the fine structure of the PCF.Thus,this design has effectively overcome the defect of air-holes collapse in traditional PCF fabrication process.Measurement of the fiber attenuation with the cutback method is 6.84 dB/m at 1 550 nm.The polarization measurement indicates that the fiber has a good capability to maintain polarization.Therefore it is feasible to achieve the fiber that can effectively maintain polarization and is easy to be fabricated by this all-glass design.
Effect of Transport on Physical and Haematological Status of Cattle in Bangladesh

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period of July-December, 2014 to determine the effect of transportation associated physical stress of cattle used for beef purpose in Bangladesh.A total of 300 cattle were randomly selected, those were subjected to long distance transportation (648km, 14h).A pre-structured record sheet was used to record the injury related data, physical parameters and others relevant data both before and after transportation.The frequencies of injuries were increased significantly (P<0.01) after transportation (47%) than before (26%).The injuries were most common in Hariana cattle both before (5%) and after (8%) transport.Abrasion was dominated type of injury (11%) and were increased significantly (P<0.05) after transportation.The most frequent location of injuries was pin bone in both phase of the study.The frequencies of nasal discharge and degree of dehydrations were significantly (P<0.01)increased after transportation.Increased number of injuries and other physical status indicators during transportation indicates relatively higher degree of stress and suffering.Cattle trader should aware about the comfortless of animal during transportation for maximum productivity as well as to maintain animal welfare.
Keeping It on the Right Lines

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Having explored the extensive amount of high-profile, large-scale theatrical activity at Bournville that took place before the factory’s first dramatic society was established in 1912, Chapter 5’s focus is the emergence of this group, its key players, and the connections between the society, Birmingham Repertory Theatre, and the city’s wider cultural networks. Cadbury’s first recreational theatrical society proved a useful resource for the firm, and its repertoire, personnel, wartime activity, and programmed appearances at Bournville functions are explored alongside the challenges faced by leaders and members.
Integrated Disease Management of Foot Rot Complex in Betelvine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was carried out during 2015-17 to study the foot rot disease incidence and yield of betelvine by incorporating the different treatments under field condition at Mamatageri, Badami Taluk of Bagalkot district. The application of enriched FYM with Trichoderma harzianum(@ 2 kg / vine) + Pseudomonas fluorescens (@ 10 g/vine) or enriched FYM with Trichoderma harzianum (@ 2 kg / vine) + Pseudomonas fluorescens (@ 10 g/vine) + neemcake (@ 1 kg/vine) or Bordeaux mixture (1%) @ 2 l/vine or metalaxyl + mancozeb 78 WP (3 g/l @ 2 l/vine) recorded highest reduction of the disease with maximum yield.
The journey through the world of adolescent sleep

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Sleep-wake patterns and the electroencephalogram (EEG) during sleep undergo fundamental changes during adolescence. Scientific evidence indicates that these changes represent components of an extensive maturational brain remodeling process. Sleep during periods of brain maturation appears to be particularly important for health and behavior. Adolescents’ sleep problems affect their cognitive and psychobehavioral functioning, making insufficient sleep during this developmental stage a significant international health concern. In this review, we summarize some key data concerning developmental changes in sleep behavior and regulation, and the association between sleep EEG changes and brain maturation. This review extends our understanding of adolescent sleep and highlights its significance for healthy development. We discuss the possibility to follow brain maturation and to detect errors in this maturational process by monitoring the developmental sleep EEG changes.
Childhood food insecurity and incident diabetes: A longitudinal cohort study of 34 042 children in Ontario, Canada

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim To examine the association between childhood food insecurity and incident diabetes. Methods Using health administrative databases linked to the Canadian Community Health Survey, we conducted a population‐based cohort study of children aged <18 years from Ontario, Canada. Children without diabetes who had a household response to the Canadian Community Health Survey Household Food Security Survey Module were followed for a median of 9.5 years for incident diabetes. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between childhood food insecurity and incident diabetes, adjusted sequentially for important clinical and socio‐economic risk factors. Results We included 34 042 children, of whom 5.3% lived in food‐insecure households. There were 184 new cases of diabetes, diagnosed at a median age of 16 and 18.5 years in food‐secure and food‐insecure children, respectively. In unadjusted analysis, childhood food insecurity was associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.81). When adjusted for clinical and socio‐economic confounders, the relationship was no longer statistically significant (hazard ratio 1.55, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.66, adjusted for clinical confounders; hazard ratio 1.30, 95% CI 0.72 to 2.37, adjusted for clinical/socio‐economic confounders). Our results remained robust in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Although food‐insecure children are a medically and socially vulnerable population, they do not appear to be at increased risk of incident diabetes over a median of 9.5 years.
Sentiment Analysis of Netflix Multi-Genre Using Support Vector Machine

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The main objective of this research is to understand the audience's sentiment regarding various Netflix web series and their corresponding genres. This study, which contributes to sentiment analysis, collects data from the eight official Twitter handles of actors/actresses and web series from five genres: comedy, drama, Sci-fi, romance, and action. The data collection process involved extracting tweets related to these web series and classifying them into positive, negative, and neutral categories. Classification is done by using a Support Vector Machine (SVM), a popular classifier in machine learning. In addition to sentiment analysis, the study also involved measuring activity metrics and popularity metrics to assess the level of interaction between the audience and the actors/actresses. This data was then combined with the classified tweets for further analysis. The research results indicated that the Sci-fi genre is the prime choice for the audience. The conclusion was drawn based on the collective sentiment expressed in tweets and the level of engagement and popularity observed in interactions with the actors and actresses associated with action-oriented web series. Overall, this research, which is a significant contribution to the field, sheds light on the preferences of Netflix viewers with respect to different genres and highlights the significance of the Sci-fi genre in capturing the audience's attention and interest. The findings could be valuable for content creators and streaming platforms in tailoring their offerings to match the viewers' preferences and enhance user satisfaction.
Ischaemic colitis associated with JAK2 V617F mutation: Table 1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tumor immunosurveillance plays a crucial role in cancer prevention. Transplant recipients have a 3 to 4 times higher risk of developing skin cancer than the general population, often with multiple aggressive tumors, even in sun-protected areas. They also show a reversal of the ratio of squamous to basal cell carcinomas seen in the general population, from 1:4 to 4:1. Long-term immunosuppressive therapy likely plays a major role in making transplant recipients more susceptible to developing tumors. We reasoned that immune cell numbers might be different in transplant vs nontransplant patients with skin cancer. We examined frequencies of adaptive and innate immune cells in lesions of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from both patient populations and detected no differences. We therefore hypothesized that the function of innate immune cells might be compromised in transplant recipients, leading to impaired tumor immunosurveillance. We designed an in vitro model to investigate functional differences between macrophages (MACs) and dendritic cells (DCs) in response to SCC. Tumor cells induced release of both interleukin-12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α from innate immune cells, although IL-12 production was higher in DCs than in MACs. Conversely, TNF-α production was higher in MACs than in DCs. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor and an immunosuppressive cytokine, was produced spontaneously and abundantly by tumor cells. DCs exposed to SCC inhibited VEGF production by ≈ 35%, whereas MACs had little effect (only 8.6% decrease). Angiogenesis and immunosuppression are the main mechanisms by which tumors grow and metastasize. Therefore, DCs may play a critical role in anti-tumor immunity by releasing IL-12 and inhibiting VEGF expression by tumor cells, while TNF-α production by MACs may increase VEGF, promoting tumor neovascularization and growth. It is possible that immunosuppressive therapy in transplant patients may impair the immunosurveillance function of DCs and other innate immune cells.
A Driver-Based Approach to Airport Valuation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper presents the first part of results of extensive research on an alternative concept to airport valuation. It reviews raditional and alternative valuation measures, illustrated by a sample of eight publicly quoted European airports. The main objective is to derive a model taking account of the underlying key value drivers.A peer group analysis shows that only few sector multiples applied by the investors’ community are significantly correlated with key performance indicators based on business fundamentals. By contrast to the results of this alternative driver-based valuation approach, these market multiples are affected by stock market fluctuations and do not adequately reflect the financial position and true value, and hence supports this paper’s view that airports should be valued by recognising key success factors.
Spatial Behavior of Schizophrenic and Non-Schizophrenic Psychiatric Patients

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The spatial behavior of schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic psychiatric patients ( n = 64) was assessed as subjects seated themselves for an interview. The methodology employed was one for which normative data were already available. Results indicated no differences in the seating selections of the patient groups, although the spatial behavior of the patient groups differed from that of normals. The results are interpreted in terms of factors generally associated with patient status rather than uniquely associated with a particular diagnosis.
A Closed Cycle Iodine Laser

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract It is shown that the energy decrease resulting from repeated shots with the same gas filling of an iodine laser is solely due to the accumulation of I 2 and the consumption of iodide. A closed cycle iodine laser is presented in which the molecular iodine is removed by cooling, and in which the iodide content is kept constant by means of the vapour pressure of a liquid supply.
Research on ripening characteristics of soymilk cheese with ginger-juice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the application of ginger-juice and soymilk in cheese production,and determinated the parameters(such as water content,fat content,ripening index,hard-ness,springiness) and microstructure during cheese ripening.The results showed that all product parameters were slightly different compared with pure milk cheese.These datas elucidated that soymilk cheese was a kind of semi-hard cheese,yet its ripening time was more longer than pure milk cheese in order to acquire the same sensory quality.Thus it was applicable to produce mixed cheese utilizing some soymilk to replace cow milk and with the addition of ginger-juice.
[The use of nimodipine in elderly dementia patients].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The analysis of original and literature evidence on nimodipin administration in senile patients with vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease allows the conclusion on positive effects of the drug on cognitive, motor, behavioral, neuropsychological and postural defects. Further efforts should be directed to the study of long-term regimens and elucidation of nimodipin ability to inhibit progression of dementia.
Efavirenz induced gynecomastia, hidden reality: a case series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prognosis of HIV infection has considerably improved following the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy by reducing AIDS related morbidity and mortality. At the same time, ART drugs are well known for their side effects. Gynaecomastia is a lesser known side effect of a commonly used anti-retroviral drug efavirenz. There are very few reports of HAART-induced gynaecomastia in resource-limited settings. The current study presents a series of three cases that developed ultrasound confirmed gynaecomastia following efavirenz containing HAART. Initial reports of gynaecomastia related to HAART were in HIV patients with lipodystrophy, they were termed as pseudogynaecomastia. Gradually, few reports of efavirenz related gynaecomastia were published wherein other causes of gynaecomastia were ruled out. Several hypothesis have been suggested for the pathophysiology of development of gynaecomastia related to efavirenz consumption. All other causes were ruled out in our patients too. The incidence of gynaecomastia is increasing in men with HIV on HAART therapy, proper identification and management will promote better drug adherence.