jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An historical perspective on education in secure accommodation in England and Wales from 1850 to the present

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The profile of education in secure accommodation has waxed and waned over the 170 years since the introduction of reformatory schools for juvenile offenders. Political support for reformatory and later industrial schools can be understood as part of a wider state interest in education as a means of social reform. Probation homes became more frequently used as a residential option for children as the harsh disciplinary regimes of reformatories and borstals lost popularity. A key ideological driver has been the extent to which education is perceived to contribute to the reduction of re-offending by young people and in particular its perceived effectiveness as a strategy in comparison to more punitive or treatment-oriented approaches. Whether through bible study, puppet shows, magic lantern talks, outward bound expeditions, or democratic practices the efforts and aspirations of pioneering practitioners have continued to receive popular and political support because they align with a core principle of the youth justice project in England and Wales.
Supplementary Table S2 from Preclinical Development of the Anti-LAG-3 Antibody REGN3767: Characterization and Activity in Combination with the Anti-PD-1 Antibody Cemiplimab in Human <i>PD-1xLAG-3</i>–Knockin Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Table S2 shows PK data for REGN3767 in monkeys</p>
Personal health monitoring and preventative medicine with integrative personal Omics profiling

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

W the advent of new high-throughput technologies it is now possible to monitor profiles of thousands of molecules in a longitudinal manner that may help reshape and redefine personalized medicine. Comprehensive personal healthy monitoring is expected to benefit from combining genomic information with regular examination of physiological states by multiple high-throughput methods. To prove this principle, we performed an integrative Personal Omics Profile (iPOP) analysis from a single individual over a 14-month period, combining genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and autoantibodyomic information collected from over 20 time points. Our iPOP analysis unveiled extensive, dynamic molecular changes across various physiological stages. Medical risks were also evaluated using genomic information, including Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) as a high risk disease, the onset of which was observed during the course of our study and is reflected in our iPOP data. Our study demonstrates that personal health monitoring with longitudinal iPOP could relate genomic information and global functional omics activity to physiological and medical interpretation, and eventually benefit personalized medicine.
Are Field Observations of Surface Rupture Useful? An Example from the 2023 Mw 7.8 Pazarcık, Turkey (Türkiye), Earthquake

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Field investigations have long been an important component of the scientific response to surface-faulting earthquakes. However, in light of advances in remote data and models, the question arises whether field-based observations of surface rupture remain useful for understanding rupture processes and seismic hazards. We approach this question using a field-based study of the central 2023 Mw 7.8 Pazarcık, Turkey (Türkiye), earthquake rupture, at the intersection of the east Anatolian fault (EAF) and Narlı fault. Our field observations include the surface rupture expression and extent of the central EAF and northernmost Narlı fault in generally forested and steep terrain and 68 measurements of left-lateral surface displacement. These data improve our understanding of the Pazarcık rupture complexity, resolve the surface geometry of the Narlı fault–EAF connection, and exhibit a clear (&gt;2 m) change in surface displacement across this intersection zone that confirms remote-based coseismic slip models. Our study shows that focusing field efforts in areas of obscured or low-resolution remote data can yield essential data for refining rupture extent, documenting perishable on-fault displacement, and improving postearthquake situational awareness. A comparison of similarly large-magnitude continental surface-rupturing earthquakes indicates that displacement uncertainties relate to a complex set of factors, including measurement methods, rupture complexity, and displacement magnitude. Our study validates the need for postearthquake field observations, which, when driven by clear motivating questions and knowledge of methodological strengths and limitations, provide high-resolution rupture data that complement remote-based models.
THE RESTYLANE FAMILY OF FILLERS: CANADIAN EXPERIENCE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aging face has never been so well understood, nor the treatment options so varied. Achieving optimal results – softer, smoother skin; a younger, more youthful appearance that is both harmonious and symmetrical – requires a change in the way aesthetic clinicians view the aging face and its treatment. Focusing on single lines and folds limits the range of possibilities in facial enhancement. The successful aesthetic clinician is one who examines the length, width, and depth of the folds and, most importantly, the amount of volume loss associated with each fold and crease to determine how much product is needed for adequate correction. Moreover, the concept of facial zones – and treating multiple zones with product layering in a single visit – leads to optimal results and a high rate of patient satisfaction.
[Association between genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair genes XRCC1, XRCC3 and susceptibility to chronic benzene poisoning].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Subjects with XRCC3 18067T variant allele are tolerance sub-group to benzene poisoning. Patients carrying XRCC1 27466 G/G genotype develop chronic benzene poisoning later.
On a class of Volterra and Fredholm non-linear integral equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper concerns the existence and uniqueness of non-negative solutions of non-linear Volterra integral equations of the type and where the kernel function k (.,.) is non-negative and sufficiently smooth, and either 0 < p < 1 or – 1 < p < 1. We will consider also the corresponding Fredholm equations and
A Probabilistic Approach for Secure and Verifiable Computation of kNN Queries in Cloud

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The tremendous benefits of outsourcing have influenced many organizations to migrate their data and DBMS functionalities to the cloud infrastructure. Since cloud service providers offer advanced security services, data migration typically boosts the security of business data and operations. Nonetheless, since a cloud is an untrusted third party, it is important for organizations to ensure confidentiality of the outsourced data and integrity of results generated by the cloud. In this paper, we focus on the Secure and Verifiable Computation for k-Nearest Neighbor (SVC-kNN) problem. Existing SVC-kNN solutions delegate the verification task solely to a single semi-trusted party and are unreliable in terms of security as the verification server could be either dishonest or compromised. To address these issues, we propose a novel and probabilistic SVC-kNN protocol that utilizes a randomization technique and additive homomorphic properties under the two-cloud model. Our proposed solution facilitates the clouds to jointly compute verification proofs and allows the end-user to verify the computation results efficiently. Additionally, our solution is highly efficient from the data owner and query issuers' perspective as most of the critical computations are performed by the clouds. Furthermore, our experimental results using a real dataset clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our protocol.
Design and implementation of a new engineering mathematics course

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Mathematics education is an essential part of every engineering curriculum. The question of how much math should be included in an engineering curriculum is under discussion and the mathematics content has come under closer scrutiny with the aim of teaching engineers mathematical topics that have close practical relevance to their discipline at a time when those topics are most needed. This article discusses research that has led to the development of a new mathematics course that combines topics needed for better engineering studies. The course position within the curriculum is selected to provide just-in-time teaching to optimize effectiveness in engineering education.
Light‐Controlled Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Vanadium‐Doped Tungsten Disulfide Semiconducting Monolayers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors hold enormous potential for modern optoelectronic devices and quantum computing applications. By inducing long‐range ferromagnetism (FM) in these semiconductors through the introduction of small amounts of a magnetic dopant, it is possible to extend their potential in spintronics. Here, light‐mediated, room temperature (RT) FM, in V‐doped WS 2 (V‐WS 2 ) monolayers is demonstrated. The authors probe this effect using the principle of magnetic LC resonance, which employs a soft ferromagnetic Co‐based microwire coil driven near its resonance in the radio frequency regime, where it is highly sensitive to changes in magnetic flux. They use this to measure the magnetic permeability of the V‐WS 2 monolayer subject to light illumination. Notably, the magnetic permeability of the monolayer is found to depend on the laser intensity, thus confirming light control of RT magnetism in this material. Guided by density functional theory calculations, they attribute this phenomenon to the presence of excess holes in the conduction and valence bands, as well as carriers trapped in the magnetic doping states, which mediates the magnetization of the V‐WS 2 monolayer. These findings provide a unique route to exploit light‐controlled ferromagnetism at RT and potentially establish a new subfield named photo‐spintronics.
Time-Varying Beta Estimators in the Mexican Emerging Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper compares the performance of three different time-varying betas that have never previously been compared: the rolling OLS estimator, a nonparametric estimator and an estimator based on GARCH models. The study is conducted using returns from the Mexican stock market grouped into six portfolios for the period 2003-2009. The comparison, based on asset pricing perspective and mean-variance space returns, concludes that GARCH based beta estimators outperform the others when the comparison is in terms of time series while the nonparametric estimator is more appropriate in the cross-sectional context.
Effect of Rurality in Head and Neck Cancer: A Scoping Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives This scoping review sought to evaluate the current literature regarding the following outcomes in relation to rurality: stage at diagnosis, clinical characteristics, treatment characteristics, and survival outcomes of head and neck cancer (HNC). Data Sources A literature search was performed using PubMed (MEDLINE), Science Direct, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases. Review Methods A 20‐year study cutoff from the initial search was used to increase the comparability of the studies regarding population and standards of clinical care. These searches were designed to capture all primary studies reporting HNC incidence, presenting characteristics, treatments, and treatment outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts, selected articles for exclusion, extracted data, and appraised studies. Critical appraisal was done according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Assessment Tool for Cohort Studies. Findings Twenty eligible original articles were included. Stage at diagnosis, clinical characteristics, treatment characteristics, and survival outcomes were measured. Our review indicates that although this relationship is unclear, there may be variations in treatment choice for laryngeal cancer based on geographic location and rural residency status. The studies assessing HNC outcomes related to stage at diagnosis, clinical characteristics, treatment characteristics, and overall survival demonstrated conflicting findings, indicating a need for further research examining HNC outcomes with a focus on rurality as the main exposure. Conclusions The relationship between HNC and rural‐urban status remains unclear. More studies are needed, along with a consistent metric for measuring rurality and recruitment of comparable populations from both rural and urban areas. Laryngoscope , 134:4441–4457, 2024
Literature Review: Tax and the Digital Economy: Challenges and Proposals for Reform, W. Haslehner, G. Kofler, K. Pantazatou & A. Rust (editors), Series on International Taxation 69, Wolters Kluwer, 2019

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

View Literature Review: Tax and the Digital Economy: Challenges and Proposals for Reform, W. Haslehner, G. Kofler, K. Pantazatou & A. Rust (editors), Series on International Taxation 69, Wolters Kluwer, 2019 by Lucas de Lima Carvalho - Intertax
QTL and candidate gene analysis unveil genetic control of floret aliphatic glucosinolate side-chain modification in Brassica oleracea through multiparent F₂ populations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Glucosinolates (GSLs) are sulfur-containing metabolites in Brassica species with dual roles in plant defense and human health. While glucoraphanin (GRA) offers anticancer benefits, progoitrin (PRO) poses risks due to goitrogenic effects. This study aimed to dissect the genetic basis of GRA, gluconapin (GNA), and PRO accumulation in florets of Brassica oleracea by integrating linkage mapping and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using two F₂ populations (JB-F₂ and GJ-F₂) derived from crosses between broccoli, Chinese kale, and purple cauliflower. High-density linkage maps were constructed using a 10 K SNP array, and GSL profiles were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography. QTL mapping identified 23 significant loci across both populations, with major-effect QTL clusters on chromosomes C3 and C9. Notably, epistatic analysis revealed strong interactions between major QTLs, particularly between loci on chromosomes C3 and C9, further emphasizing their central role in regulating GSL biosynthesis. Functional analysis prioritized BolC9t53177H (homologous to AOP2) and BolC3t13531H (homologous to GSL-OH) as key genes governing GRA-to-GNA and GNA-to-PRO conversions, respectively. Sequence variations in these genes explained parental GSL profiles: A 2-bp deletion causing a frameshift mutation in BolC9t53177H disrupted GRA metabolism in broccoli (B58-6), while defective BolC3t13531H in Chinese kale (J1402) abolished PRO synthesis. KASP markers developed for these loci enabled efficient genotyping of 104 B. oleracea accessions, revealing significant associations with GSL content. This study provides genetic insights and molecular tools to optimize GSL composition, facilitating the breeding of high-GRA/low-PRO Brassica varieties with enhanced nutritional value.
Genomic DNA extraction methods and phylogenetic analysis of Beauveria bassiana from Central Java, Indonesia, and its toxicity against the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Control techniques using biological control agents such as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin have the advantage of not showing any negative impacts on environmental health and safety issues. This study used isolates from B. bassiana collection from Laboratory of Pest Monitoring belonging to Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture (LPHP) in Central Java which showed potential in controlling target pest. The problems that still occur are the lack of facilities and infrastructure and the lack of quality testing of collection isolates in LPHP, so that the isolate identification process is still carried out in simple method, and bioassay testing on the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as a target pest, is not commonly conducted. The results of bioassay testing can be used to determine the potential of a biological agent to control target pest. Result The two DNA extraction methods showed different results regarding DNA concentration and purity values, but both methods were good and could be used to amplify DNA using PCR. The DNA band was amplified at 500–600 bp using primers ITS 1 and ITS 4. The results of molecular analysis showed that the four isolates of B. bassiana from Central Java were found in the same clade as B. bassiana from South Sumatra, Dhaka, and Oromia, where these isolates showed similar similarities descended from a common ancestor. Genetically, B. bassiana isolates from Central Java show more genetic similarities to B. bassiana isolates from South Sumatra, Indonesia. Quality testing was carried out by calculating the density and germination ability values for LPHP isolates from Sukoharjo (Sukoharjo isolate), Temanggung (Purworejo isolate), and Banyumas (Banyumas and Cilacap isolate), which showed varying results. The bioassay test used three isolates, namely B. bassiana from Sukoharjo, Banyumas, and Cilacap, which were selected based on density values, germination ability, and molecular analysis. The ability to cause death of the three isolates against S. frugiperda showed different results where the isolate from Sukoharjo, Banyumas, and Cilacap caused mortality of 60, 40, and 60%, and the LC 50 value of each isolate was 3.3 × 10 6 , 1.3 × 10 7 , and 3.5 × 10 7 conidia ml −1 , respectively. Conclusion Morphological identification by macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular analysis showed that the isolate from the LPHP collection in Central Java, Indonesia, was B. bassiana . Genetically, the four isolates showed similar characteristics to isolates from South Sumatra, Indonesia. B. bassiana isolates from collections from Central Java showed potentials as a biological control agent against S. frugiperda .
LIFE FORMS, MORPHOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF REPRESENTATIVES OF LAMIACEAE FAMILY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this article, the life forms, morphology and geographical distribution of the representatives of the Lamiaceae family are highlighted.The family of Lamiaceae includes 170 genera and 3400 species on earth, 68 genera and 950 species in the CIS, 40 genera and 206 species in the flora of Uzbekistan.According to their life forms, the family of Lamiaceae includes shrubs, semi-shrubs, perennials, biennials and annual herbs. The mountain region is the region in which representatives of the Lamiaceae family are most common. Among the members of the family of Lamiaceae, there are representatives that are full of essential oil, vitamins, and spices according to their economic importance.
Orthostatic Hypotension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(1) Clinical manifestations of 16 patients of orthostatic hypotension were investigated and significant difference of these manifestations between in juvenile and senile type was described.(2) In 8 patients of orthostatic hypotension urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroid and 17-ketosteroid were determined before and after loading of 20 units of ACTH intramuscularly. Normal amounts of urinary corticoids excretion were proved in all patients and the response of urinary excretion of these steroids was also proved to be normal in all patients except one who showed insufficiency of 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion.From the result obtained adrenocortical function has been proved to be not related to the pathogenesis of orthostatic hypotension.
Development of a Statistical Methodology for Gas Turbine Prognostics

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

To optimize both production and maintenance, from both a technical and an economical point of view, it would be advisable to predict the future health condition of a system and of its components, starting from field measurements taken in the past. For this purpose, this paper presents a methodology, based on the Monte Carlo statistical method, which aims to determine the future operating state of a gas turbine. The methodology allows the system future availability to be estimated, to support a prognostic process based on past historical data trends. One of the most innovative features is that the prognostic methodology can be applied to both global and local performance parameters, as, for instance, machine specific fuel consumption or local temperatures. First, the theoretical background for developing the prognostic methodology is outlined. Then, the procedure for implementing the methodology is developed and a simulation model is set up. Finally, different degradation-over-time scenarios for a gas turbine are simulated and a sensitivity analysis on methodology response is carried out, to assess the capability and the reliability of the prognostic methodology. The methodology proves robust and reliable, with a prediction error lower than 2%, for the availability associated with the next future data trend.
Shifting between boundaries: ‘Contextual Examples’ as boundary objects in a Jeweller - Visual Artist distributed collaboration

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cross-disciplinary collaborations are prevalent in craft and design, during which artists draw from or apply knowledge from outside their primary field. In such creative processes, boundary objects are often present. This paper proposes the '’Contextual Examples' as a new type of boundary object and traces its emer-gence through the analysis of data from the ‘Data-Music-Jewellery’ project - a distributed collaboration between a UK-based jeweller and a US-based visual art-ist. Through an initial review, 37 boundary objects, clustered into 8 types, were identified. This paper focuses on how the ‘Contextual Examples’ as a novel type of boundary object seemed to supported the emergence of cross-disciplinary jewellery practice. By offering a nuanced perspective on the roles of 'Contextual Example objectss' in this project, the paper contributes to the understanding of communication, knowledge flow, and the evolution of cross-disciplinary jewel-lery in collaborative settings, expanding the concept of boundary objects with-in design and creative practice.
Short-term versus long-term benzodiazepine therapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Anxiety syndromes are poorly defined and classified and none of the systems at present in use is entirely satisfactory: some attempt to define anxiety states purely in terms of symptoms, while others do so by viewing anxiety as the product of interactions between external events and innate tendencies. Whatever scheme is used, however, it is essential that the type and level of anxiety is assessed before undertaking drug treatment. In general, tranquillizers such as benzodiazepines are more effective in lessening acute or chronic sustained levels of anxiety than peaks, as in panic attacks. With sustained levels of anxiety, long-acting benzodiazepines such as diazepam and clorazepate are usually preferred, while episodic anxiety normally responds best to shorter-acting drugs such as oxazepam or lorazepam. Short-term use of benzodiazepines is justified in patients with severe symptomatic distress and/or impairment of ability to cope. Long-term use is only justified in patients with chronic severe anxiety in which the symptomatic relief and improved functioning outweigh the risk of dependence.