jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Environment and Security

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

▪ Abstract A broadening research program focused on environment and security emerged over the past 30 years. But the meaning and operationalization of environment and security have been an implicit and increasingly explicit part of the scholarly debate. Approaches range from the more specific focus on the linkages between environmental change and violent (deadly) conflict, the possible role of environmental conservation, cooperation, and collaboration in promoting peace, and the broader focus on potential relationships between environmental change and human security (understood as freedom from both violent conflict and physical want). In addition to the different conceptions of environment and security, the type and direction of causal relationships among different factors continue to be a focus of research. With respect to the environment and violent conflict, which constitute the largest explicit research stream on environment and security, the debate has centered on whether and why environmental scarcity, abundance, or dependence might cause militarized conflict. Less research has been conducted on the environmental effects of violent conflict and war or traditional security institutions such as militaries and military-industrial complexes. Rigorous research on the consequences of peace or human security for the environment is virtually nonexistent.
A backbone assisted hybrid key management scheme for WSN

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are receiving increased focus due to their applicability to crucial applications like military, healthcare, habitat monitoring etc. However, wireless communication poses additional threats to the critical information being sent over the wireless media. Therefore there is a dire need to have a secure way of communication for a WSN. Public Key Cryptography (PKC) holds the capacity to provide much needed security to WSN; however it is considered an expensive option for already constrained network. On the contrary, Symmetric Key Cryptography (SKC) is considered ideal for resource hungry WSN, nevertheless it has drawbacks too. In this paper we present a secure and reliable key management scheme for backbone assisted WSNs. Our scheme deploys both the symmetric and public key cryptography. We utilize PKC for node authentication and to share the initial secret key. SKC is then used for subsequent communication. We analyze performance of our proposed scheme and compare it with the existing approaches. We prove that our scheme is much more secure and stable and outperforms other schemes in terms of communication and memory overheads.
Interpretation of traces of hypothetical quincha walls in Samaipata

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

El Fuerte de Samaipata, commonly known as Samaipata, is an archaeological site in Bolivia.It was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1998.The most characteristic feature of the site is a natural rock that served as a wak'a (sacred place) for several local, pre-Hispanic cultures, so its current condition is the result of at least 1200 years of development.Towards the end of the 20 th century and beginning of the 21 st century, Samaipata was comprehensively studied and documented by German scholars.Due to the threat of progressing erosion, a new documentation project was executed by a Polish team.The main objective of the project was to document the vanishing site using 3D laser scanning.Most of the research already published on Samaipata concentrates on the complex arrangement of niches and terraces, figural and geometrical petroglyphs, as well as canals and water reservoirs at the site.The long rows of small circular holes drilled into the rock attract less scholarly attention.They are commonly associated with the vertical posts used for traditional quincha walls.Since there are doubts about the ability of the quincha wall to resist the extremely strong winds on the top of the rock, the Authors conducted computer simulations to clarify these reservations.The 3D model was based on 3D laser scanning results, while FEM was used to solve structural analysis problems.
Ileal expression data of mice fed with diet containing protein from various sources

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was designed to address key questions concerning the use of alternative protein sources for animal feeds and addresses aspects such as their nutrient composition and impact on gut function, the immune system and systemic physiology. We used casein (CAS), partially delactosed whey powder (DWP), spray dried porcine plasma (SDPP), soybean meal (SBM), wheat gluten meal (WGM) and yellow meal worm (YMW) as protein sources.
Evaluation of inferior alveolar canal course, entry point and visibility on digital panoramic radiographs: A radiographic study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The location and orientation of the inferior alveolar canal must be considered in any surgical procedures involving the posterior mandible. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the frequent structural changes of the inferior alveolar nerve course before conducting any treatment in this area. The aim of this study is to evaluate the course of inferior alveolar canal (IAC), visibility of the inferior alveolar canal, and Inferior Alveolar Canal origin in Punjabi population (North India). A total of 200 panoramic radiographs were selected and the course, visibility and origin of Inferior Alveolar Canal were evaluated on left and right side of the mandible. The collected data were subsequently processed and analyzed using SPSS software version 20. The most common type of canal on right and left side was curved type, and the less common was Angled type. In the region of the third molar, on Right side, the mandibular canal was partially visible in 1.5% of cases, clearly visible in 96.5%, and invisible in 2%; whereas on left side, it was clearly visible in 97%, partially visible in 5%and invisible in 2.5%. The entrance point of the canal was located in the middle third area of the ramus in 87% of cases on the right side and 90% cases on the left side, and that the entrance point of the canal in the lower third area was 7.5% on the right side and 3.5% on the left side. This study was done to evaluate course, visibility, and entry point of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Canal on the Orthopantomograph. In our present study, the most common type of canal on right and left side was , and the less common was The entrance point of the canal was located in majority in the on left and right side of the mandible. of Inferior Alveolar Canal was more on distal regions of the canal on the both the sides of the mandible.
A simple classroom exercise for teaching principles of ultrasound diagnostic using two springs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract We present a novel method for demonstrating the physical principles of ultrasound imaging at a level suitable for educational programmes up to the university level, using a simple mechanical model that is very inexpensive and accessible to a broad variety of educational institutions. The method revolves around the use of one or two steel springs that can be extended on a flat surface. The spring represents a tissue and the longitudinal wave traveling along the spring represents the propagation of an ultrasound wave in tissue. This method allows students to gain direct experience with wave propagation, reflection and transmission in tissue as well as insight into the physical processes underlying ultrasound imaging. These include equally the ultrasound diagnostic device measurement of the depth of various tissue boundaries, modelled as a simple measurement of the time elapsed between the emission of a wave and the detection of a wave reflected from an object intersecting the spring. An ultrasound device probes the boundary between a formation (an organ or a lesion) and surrounding tissue by registering the amplitude of reflection on the formation, which is proportional to a difference in acoustic impedance between the formation and the tissue. The amplitude of the reflected wave in our apparatus is also proportional to acoustic impedance between the spring and an object like a plastic ruler intersecting the spring, whose stiffness and consequently acoustic impedance can be adjusted by its offset. It is also easy to clearly see the reflected wave on the boundary of two coupled springs (two tissues) with different acoustic impedances. We represent a series of representative measurements using our mechanical model demonstrating its good precision.
Individualized acute kidney injury after care

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review The aim of this study was to summarize the current evidence around the impact of individualizing patient care following an episode of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the ICU. Recent findings Over the last years, evidence has demonstrated that the follow-up care after episodes of AKI is lacking and standardization of this process is likely needed. Although this is informed largely by large retrospective cohort studies, a few prospective observational trials have been performed. Medication reconciliation and patient/caregiver education are important tenants of follow-up care, regardless of the severity of AKI. There is evidence the initiation and/or reinstitution of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone agents may improve patient's outcomes following AKI, although they may increase the risk for adverse events, especially when reinitiated early. In addition, 3 months after an episode of AKI, serum creatinine and proteinuria evaluation may help identify patients who are likely to develop progressive chronic kidney disease over the ensuing 5 years. Lastly, there are emerging differences between those who do and do not require renal replacement therapy (RRT) for their AKI, which may require more frequent and intense follow-up in those needing RRT. Summary Although large scale evidence-based guidelines are lacking, standardization of post-ICU-AKI is needed.
The TIR instrument on TRISHNA satellite: a precursor of high resolution observation missions in the thermal infrared domain

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The TRISHNA program marks a step further in the fruitful cooperation built between CNES and ISRO since many years, through a new Earth observation mission dedicated to the improvement of water cycle understanding and water resource management. Thanks to its unprecedented high spatial resolution in the thermal infrared domain, together with a high revisit frequency, TRISHNA mission will significantly contribute to the detection of ecosystem stress and to the optimization of water use in agriculture in a context of global climate change. This paper presents the TRISHNA mission context and main requirements, gives an overview of TRISHNA system architecture and describes TIR (Thermal InfraRed) instrument design with a highlight on its specific innovative features and the current development status.
An approach driven critical review on the use of accident prediction models for sustainable transport system

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the past decade, the use of statistical analysis for the prediction of road accidents in sustainable road infrastructure and road safety has become popular. However, due to lack of adequate knowledge, for practical applications, a gap has been found between state-of-art and state-of-practice. The primary objective of this paper is to introduce a new innovative statistical technique called Accident Prediction Model (APM) along with its types, and possible challenges with their solutions while dealing with these models. In nutshell, why and how APM can contribute to improving road safety has been discussed in depth. The study recommends the use of APM for precise, accurate and effective prediction of road accidents for sustainable road infrastructure.
Translations of portrait characteristics of the heroes of V.G. Korolenko's Siberian short stories into the Yakut language

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The object of the study is the Siberian stories of V.G. Korolenko. The subject of the study is the portrait characteristics of the heroes of V.G. Korolenko's Siberian short stories. The material for the study was the portrait characteristics of the heroes of V.G. Korolenko's Siberian short stories translated by N.E. Mordinov-Amma Achchygyya. His stories are rich material for research, since in them the portrait characteristics of the characters are presented very figuratively, using various expressive means (metaphors, comparisons, personifications, metonymies, hyperboles). The short stories "Makar's Dream", "Marusina Zaimka", "At-Davan" from the Yakut cycle of Siberian short stories were chosen for the study. The theoretical basis for the research is the works of G.N. Pospelov, A.B. Esin, L.S. Kulik, O.I. Ivanova, K.I. Platonova, I.S. Yemelyanov and others. The purpose of this work is to identify the features of the translation of portrait characteristics in the translation of Korolenko's literary texts from Russian into Yakut. The purpose of the work identified the following tasks: 1) to analyze the concept of "portrait characteristics"; 2) to make a solid selection of portrait characteristics from Siberian stories; 3) to consider the features of the translation of portrait characteristics when translated into the Yakut language. Descriptive and comparative methods were used to solve the research tasks. The material was collected using a continuous sampling method. The relevance of this study is due to the lack of scientific works in Yakut literary studies on the comprehensive study of portrait characteristics when translated into the Yakut language. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that in modern literary criticism, the transfer of portrait characteristics in the translation of literary texts remains still unexplored. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that it reveals for the first time the features of portrait characteristics when translated into the Yakut language. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using its results in the analysis of other similar works and their translations. Also, the research materials can be used in universities of the humanities in the creation of textbooks, textbooks on translation practice for students of the philological department.
The study of invasive ability and lung metastasis of side population phenotypes in human gastric cancer cell line

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To explore side population(SP)phenotypes in gastric cancer cell line and high invasive sub-cell lines and to observe the relationship between SP phenotype and invasion coupled with spontaneous lung metastasis.Methods:High invasive cells were selected from gastric cancer cell line SNU5 using Transwell chamber in vitro.Cancer cells suspension was stained with Hoechst33342 and propidiumiodide(PI)with absence or presence of verapamil.Then SP was analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorter.The ability of sphere formation,migration and invasion was tested by serum-free culture method,wound healing assay and Transwell assay.We also inoculated with SP phenotype and non-SP cell phenotype of spontaneous to detect the future lung metastasis.Gene chip was applied to analyze the different gene expression profile of SP and non-SP phenotype cells.Results:After three rounds of screening we established a highly invasive subcellular SNU5-P3.SP cells accounted for 1.6%of the SNU5-P3 cells.SNU5-P3-SP cells were cultured in serum-free medium and formed 104±19 sphere cells formation,which was more than sphere cells formed by SNU5-P3 or SNU5-P3-non-SP.The invasive assay showed that the invasive ability of SNU5-P3-SP had 2.5 times of than SNU5-P3 or SNU5-P3-non-SP cells.The wound healing assay showed increased migration capacity of SNU5-P3-SP compared with SNU5-P3 or SNU5-P3-non-SP cells.The ability of metastasis of three cells showed that SNU5-P3-SP had obvious lung metastasis.The visible lung metastasis of SNU5-P3-SP was 100%,SNU5 was 50%and SNU5-P3-non-SP was only 16.7%.Microarray analysis showed that we obtained 733 different genes,of which 450 genes were up-regulated and 36%of them were invasion or metastasis related genes.Conclusion:SP phenotype cells had stem cell characteristics and play roles in the invasion of gastric cancer and lung metastases.
Geography: A Very Short Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

From the Publisher: This Very Short Introduction answers four basic questions: what is Geography, how do geographers work, why is Geography important, and where is the discipline of Geography heading? Geography has always been important, though it has had only a short history as an academic discipline and is much misunderstood. Modern Geography has come a long way from its historical roots in exploring foreign lands, in mapping the world and in describing the physical and human features of the Earth's surface. There are two parts to the discipline: Physical Geography, which covers natural environments and landscapes; and Human Geography, which investigates people and the cultural landscape. Physical and human geographers commonly do not agree with each other. But there are also common elements and Geography as a whole has an important role as a bridge between the sciences and the humanities. Using wide-ranging examples, the book paints a broad picture of the current state of Geography, its subject matter, concepts and methods, how it developed, and its strengths and weaknesses. The book's conclusion is no less than a manifesto for Geography's future.
Outcomes of an Integrated Approach to Speed and Strength Training with an Elite-Level Sprinter

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to observe changes in sprint velocity, ground contact time, and peak force demonstrated by a competitive sprinter following an integrated approach to speed development and strength training. As part of an ongoing monitoring procedure the participant completed 20m sprint testing through an optical measurement system and isometric-strength testing before and after each phase of training. Sprint velocity, ground contact time and peak force were analysed using Tau-U, smallest worthwhile and percent change statistics. Results indicate sprinting velocity statistically improved while changes in peak force were practically significant and ground contact time remained trivial throughout the investigation. Results lead investigators to suggest the implementation of a periodized approach merging technical skill and the development of physical abilities. The integrated approach provided a transfer of training effect and may have been the primary source of sprint enrichment.
Comparative Release of Enterokinase and other Small Intestinal Enzymes following Secretin and Pancreozymin in Man

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conference Abstract| April 01 1973 Comparative Release of Enterokinase and other Small Intestinal Enzymes following Secretin and Pancreozymin in Man S. Moss; S. Moss 1Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Infirmary, Manchester Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. W. Lobley; R. W. Lobley 1Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Infirmary, Manchester Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. Holmes R. Holmes 1Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Infirmary, Manchester Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci Mol Med (1973) 44 (4): 19P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs044019Pa Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation S. Moss, R. W. Lobley, R. Holmes; Comparative Release of Enterokinase and other Small Intestinal Enzymes following Secretin and Pancreozymin in Man. Clin Sci Mol Med 1 April 1973; 44 (4): 19P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs044019Pa Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1973 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society1973 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Kinetics of self-assembly of alpha alpha-tropomyosin coiled coils from unfolded chains.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The two-chain coiled-coil structural motif is found in fibrous muscle proteins and leucine zippers. Unfolding/refolding studies abound, but none establishes the time scale or mechanism of structural assembly from separated, unfolded chains. Stopped-flow circular dichroism studies of such refolding of alpha-tropomyosin chains are reported here. The backbone spectral region (222 nm) reveals a fast phase (less than 0.04 s), yielding an intermediate possessing approximately 70% of the equilibrium helix content. A subsequent slow phase is first order [k-1 (20 degrees C) = 1.67 s, Ea = 12.7 kcal.mol-1 (1 kcal = 4.18 kJ)], so dimerization is fast. The same rate constant characterizes folding in the Cys-190 crosslinked chains, so the intermediate has parallel and nearly registered chains. The tyrosine spectral region (280 nm) reveals only a fast phase, so these six chain sites are native in the intermediate.