jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Some New Aza – Uracil Derivatives in Treatment of Schistosoma mansoni Infection

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Praziquantel is now the drug of choice for treatment of schistosomiasis, its use in the control of schistosomiasis at a population level faces some problems, and thus a search for new drugs with antischistosomal activity is urgently needed.In the present study we worked on newly synthesized 1, 2, 4-triazine derivative compounds.The study was carried out on 190 female mice for the assessment of the antischistosomal activity of 1,2,4-triazine compounds, with special reference to histopathological examination and some liver tissues biochemical parameters.The results showed four compounds 3, 6, 7 and 10 caused suppressive effect on the development of granuloma reaction as compared with Schistosoma infected only.Compound 10 had the highest effect in reducing worm burden lesser sever enzymatic dysfunction.Some compounds caused a marked improvement in almost enzymatic activity particularly 5`nucleotidase, G6P, Na-K ATPase and Mg-ATPase activities.ALT and AST activities decreased than the normal.Also, some compounds showed improvement in catalase and GST enzyme activities indicating their antioxidant effect .Some compounds as 9 and 10 showed antischistosomal activity; also compounds 3, 6 and 10 had anti-inflammatory activity.
Influence of the allometric scale on the relationships between running economy, mechanical efficiency and performance in long distance runners : running efficiency and long-distance performance prediction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this thesis was to use allometric models to analyze the relationship that running economy(ECO) and mechanical efficiency (Ef) have on the performance of middle- and long-distance runners.Based on the results of three original studies, we concluded that allometric scaling can improve therelationship between ECO and performance in recreational middle- and long-distance runners, mainlydue to morphofunctional aspects. Similarly, the mechanical works, especially the external mechanicalwork, may be considered to be predictive of running performance and a specific allometric exponentcan improve these predictions. The results also showed that Ef is an important predictor of theperformance of long-distance runners. However, when the specific allometric exponents were applied,there was no improvement in the prediction of this performance. The results also showed that it isimportant to consider the contribution of anaerobic energy expenditure when calculating Ef, becauseotherwise the results may be overestimated, as already reported in other studies. In general, when theobjective is to predict the performance of middle- or long-distance runners through metabolic ormechanical powers, it is useful to adopt a specific allometric exponent of the group investigated.However, when this prediction is performed considering the Ef, particularly in high-performance longdistancerunners, the allometric application is not necessary.
Evidence that Cryptosporidium parvum Populations Are Panmictic and Unstructured in the Upper Midwest of the United States

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that causes cryptosporidiosis, an infectious diarrheal disease primarily affecting humans and neonatal ruminants. Understanding the transmission dynamics of C. parvum , particularly the specific contributions of zoonotic and anthroponotic transmission, is critical to the control of this pathogen. This study used a population genetics approach to better understand the transmission of C. parvum in the Upper Midwest United States. A total of 254 C. parvum isolates from cases of human cryptosporidiosis in Minnesota and Wisconsin and diarrheic calves in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and North Dakota were genotyped at eight polymorphic loci. Isolates with a complete profile from all eight loci ( n = 212) were used to derive a multilocus genotype (MLT), which was used in population genetic analyses. Among the 94 MLTs identified, 60 were represented by a single isolate. Approximately 20% of isolates belonged to MLT 2, a group that included both human and cattle isolates. Population analyses revealed a predominantly panmictic population with no apparent geographic or host substructuring.
From PRIMI to PRIMIFaces: Technical Concepts for Selective Information Disclosure

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Instant messaging platforms facilitate coordination in workgroups by providing users with mutual information on their presence and availability, allowing for ad-hoc conversations with little disturbance. For this purpose they typically capture, process, and present information from and to the users involved. Thereby, they have to address a fundamental trade-off: on the one hand users want and need up-to-the-minute information about each other, yet on the other hand the users whose information is captured have a legitimate right for privacy and the users whom the information is presented have a legitimate need for avoiding frequent disruptions. In this paper we present advanced technical concepts for selective information disclosure. We introduce the concept of face-based instant messaging platforms that allow end-users on one side to flexibly integrate static and dynamic data sources, and to easily specify their preferences as to the data to be shared as well as the granularity and the timing of the sharing, and on the other side to easily specify their preferences for notification
Estimation of HLA-A, B, DRB1 haplotype frequencies and its application

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To estimate the HLA-A, B, DRB1 haplotype frequencies and use the data in searching for HLA matched unrelated donors for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Methods Expectation-maximization(EM) algorithm was adopted to estimate HLA three-locus haplotype frequencies on the basis of HLA phenotype data.Results HLA-A, B, DRB1 haplotype frequencies were estimated from a pool of 12193 random health individuals typed using DNA-based HLA typing technique in a Han population. The formulas for calculating phenotype frequencies and the probabilities of finding HLA matched donors were provided. Data of searching for HLA matching donors indicated that the expected probabilities fit the observed data.Conclusion Reliable HLA-A, B and DR haplotype frequencies were estimated in a Han population using EM algorithm. The EM algorithm is found to perform best for large samples.Three-locus haplotype frequency data could be used to evaluate optimal pool size and composition in bone marrow donor registry database.
The Implementation of Integrated Public Transport System (SITP) of Bogotá and its Challenges in the Future

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article attempts to capture the main realities of implementation and commissioning of the Integrated Public Transport System (SITP) to Bogota city and its challenges in the future. A system that will change the way to mobilize to more than 7,700,000 inhabitants that today has the city and according to the mobility survey (2011), on a business day are made travel around 17.612 million, of which 30% use public transportation of passengers. The SITP is the biggest gamble that county law enforcement authorities have made in recent years, with the firm conviction of the advantages and benefits that system, will bring about the reduction of environmental pollution, accidents, travel times, improving accessibility and coverage, organization of routes and stops, decent employment opportunities, among other.
IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT TEST FROM MORINGA LEAF EXTRACT (MORINGA OLEIFERA L.) WITH CARBON CLEARANCE METHOD IN MALE WHITE MICE

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: Moringa oleifera leaf has chemical compounds that have been utilized by the community to cure health problems. One of its activities is an immunomodulator. The aim of this study is to determine the immunomodulatory effect from M. oleifera leaf using a carbon clearance method to measure the activity of phagocytic cells in exterminating pathogens that enter the body then followed by calculating the total leukocyte cells. The parameters of this test are phagocytosis index and total leukocyte cells.Methods: Twenty white male mice were divided into four groups. Group I (vehicle control) was treated with sodium-carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) 0.5%, Group II-IV were treated by M. oleifera leaf extract given to the mice for six consecutive days orally in doses of 10, 30, 100 mg/kg. On the seventh day, white male mice were given with intravenous carbon suspension through their tails. The value of phagocytosis index (PI > 1) indicated immunostimulant activity. The data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan test.Results: The analysis of variance results showed that the groups treated with Moringa leaf extract are significantly different with the vehicle groups (NaCMC 0.5%) (p<0.05). Increased doses of Moringa leaf extract are effective to improve the immunomodulator effect. It was included that Moringa leaf extract had the immunomodulatory capabilities as an immunostimulant.Conclusion: Immunomodulatory effect test of M. oleifera Lam. Based on the result of the research about immunomodulatory effect test from Moringa leaf extract (Moringa Oleifera L.) with carbon clearance method in male white mice, it can be concluded that Moringa leaf extract (Moringa Oleifera L.) has effect as an Immunomodulator.
Nitrogen nutrition index and morphogenesis in Alexandergrass of the Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT: This study assessed the nitrogen nutrition index, morphogenic characteristics and tiller structure of Alexandergrass (Urochloaplantaginea (LINK) Hitch) pasture submitted to different nitrogen (N) levels (zero, 150 or 300 kg ha-1 of N). The experimental design was entirely randomized with repeated measures arrangement. The experimental animals were Angus heifers under rotational stocking grazing method. The number of animals was variable to keep 30±5 cm post-grazing sward height. Nitrogen nutrition index increased linearly according N levels (Ŷ = 59.8 + 0.1216N; P < 0.0001; r²=0.53). The leaf appearance rate adjusted to a positive linear regression model according the thermal sum (TS) with zero of N (Ŷ0N = 0.0077 + 0.0000087TS; P = 0.0308; r² = 0.72) and 150 kg ha-1 of N (Ŷ150N = 0.0020 + 0.000021 TS; P = 0.0022; r² = 0.92). The use of 300 kg ha-1 of N did not alter the leaf appearance rate (0.0124 leaf degree-days-1). The use of up to 300 kg ha-1 of N increases the Alexandergrass nitrogen content. The leaf appearance rate in Alexandergrass is modified using N while the morphogenic characteristics leaf expansion, stem expansion, phyllochron, leaf lifespan, leaf elongation duration and tiller structure are not altered by N utilization.
Peran Produser Dalam Program Sport Today di Sportstars MNC Channel

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research focuses on the role of the producer in the "Sport Today" program broadcast by Sportstars MNC Channels. This program requires careful coordination and attention to detail at every stage of production. The aim of this research is to understand how producers participate in the pre-production, production and post-production stages to produce quality programs. This research uses Gerald Millerson's theory which focuses on the television production process as a basis for explaining how the pre-production, production and post-production stages are managed by producers. This theory emphasizes the importance of careful planning at the pre-production stage, effective implementation at the production stage, and careful editing and final finishing at the post-production stage. The research method used is a qualitative approach with case studies as the main focus. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews, observation and analysis of documents related to the "Sport Today" production program. The research results show that the role of the producer is very important in ensuring success at every stage of production. The suggestion from this research is that producers continue to improve their abilities in planning, managing, administering and completing production as well as following relevant technological developments.
Neonatal Presentations of CHARGE Syndrome and VATER/VACTERL Association

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neonatologists often care for newborns who have multiple congenital anomalies. The specific diagnosis has implications for the infant's clinical management. In this article, we examine the neonatal presentations of CHARGE syndrome and VATER/VACTERL association. Once the features of these two entities are recognized clinically, the appropriate diagnostic evaluations can be initiated.
Animal protein intake and hepatic steatosis in the elderly

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We read with interest the work by Alferink et al ,1 which reports that intake of animal protein, but not that of monosaccharides and disaccharides, was found to be independently associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This is a surprising finding from a well-conducted cohort study that facilitated adjustment for metabolic covariates, in addition to sociodemographics and other lifestyle factors. However, we have reservations about the generalisability of these findings to patients with NAFLD or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

The studied population had an average age of 70 years, which is unusual for …
Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of Orthodontic Brackets and Wires: An In-Vitro Study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A BSTRACT Background: Orthodontic treatment involves the use of various materials, including brackets and wires, which come into direct contact with oral tissues. Biocompatibility of these materials is crucial to ensure patient safety and treatment success. This study aims to evaluate the biocompatibility of orthodontic brackets and wires through an in-vitro investigation. Materials and Methods: Orthodontic brackets and wires commonly used in clinical practice were selected for this study. A series of in-vitro tests were conducted to assess the biocompatibility of these materials. Cell culture assays were performed to evaluate cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, and inflammatory response. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface characteristics of the materials. Results: The cytotoxicity assays revealed minimal adverse effects on cell viability, with cell viability percentages ranging from 90% to 95% for all materials tested. Cell proliferation assays demonstrated similar rates of cell growth on the surfaces of both brackets and wires. SEM analysis indicated smooth surfaces with minimal irregularities, suggesting favorable biocompatibility. Conclusion: The findings of this in-vitro study suggest that the orthodontic brackets and wires examined exhibit satisfactory biocompatibility characteristics. Minimal cytotoxicity and favorable cell proliferation indicate that these materials are well suited for use in orthodontic treatment. Further clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings and ensure the safety and efficacy of orthodontic appliances in patient care.
Editorial: Electric Mobility in Smart Grids

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The synergetic cooperation between electric mobility and smart grids will encourage collaborative engagement by different players in the energy market, offering sophisticated management and control approaches. Therefore, new advances and innovative technologies toward such cooperation are of preeminent importance. To ensure excellent power grid performance and stability considering the scope of different solutions of electric mobility in the context of smart grids, power quality aspects must also be considered. For this purpose, the introduction of innovative technologies of renewable energy systems and energy storage systems are seen as fundamental to encourage and facilitate the spread out of electric mobility and smart grids. Furthermore, based on collaborative and concerted operation, it is possible to accomplish environmental targets and accommodate the electricity demand.
Community safety tips - rural safety tips : protecting families and livestock : regulars

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Stock thieves do not discriminate - as long as they can steal animals and slaughter them or resell them, they simply don't are about who the owners are. Stock theft is therefore a problem that is not unique to commercial farmers, and subsistence farmers often suffer great losses due to the fact that they do not have the financial means to protect their cattle. And in spite of numerous statements being made about the important contribution that agriculture makes to our economy, many people still can't understand why there is such a big fuss around stock theft and rural safety and believe that there are more serious and violent crimes to deal with.
Antitumor efficacy of EDTA co-treatment with cisplatin in tumor-bearing mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) is used in various medical applications. The aim of this study is to investigate the antitumor efficacy of EDTA alone or with cisplatin (Cis). Fifty male albino mice were used to assess the median lethal dose (LD50) of EDTA via intraperitoneal (i.p) injection. To determine the antitumor activity, fifty female albino mice were divided into five groups as the following; Group 1 (Gp1) was negative control; (Gp2-5) inoculated i.p with 2×106 Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells/mouse. After one day, Gp3, Gp4 and Gp5 injected with Cis (2 mg/kg), EDTA (25 mg/kg) and Cis (2 mg/kg)/EDTA (25 mg/kg) for six days, respectively. At day 14, all groups were sacrificed to assess the tumor profile, liver enzymes (alanine transaminases and aspartate transaminases), kidney function (urea and creatinine) and electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Ca2+). The results showed that the i.p LD50 of EDTA was 250 mg/kg. Treatment with EDTA alone did not show any antitumor activity and did not interfere with the antitumor efficacy of Cis. Biochemical findings revealed that EDTA had mild toxicity on liver and kidneys functions. In summary, EDTA had no antitumor effect and did not alter the Cis efficacy.
Glycobiology of Cancer: Sugar Drives the Show

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cancer development and progression is associated with aberrant changes in cellular glycosylation. Cells expressing altered glycan-structures are recognized by cells of the immune system, favoring the induction of inhibitory immune processes which subsequently promote tumor growth and spreading. Here, we discuss about the importance of glycobiology in modern medicine, taking into account the impact of altered glycan structures expressed in cancer cells as potential glycobiomarkers of disease, as well as on cancer development and progression.
Phenylpropanoid Glycerol Glucosides Attenuate Glucose Production in Hepatocytes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

An activity-guided fractionation approach revealed several phenylpropanoid glycerol glucosides isolated from the bulbs of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. (Easter lily) with gluconeogenesis inhibitory activities. The strongest activity was observed for (2S)-1-O-p-coumaroyl-2-O-β-d-glucopyranosylglycerol (3), (2S)-1-O-caffeoyl-2-O-β-d-glucopyranosylglycerol (1), and (2R)-1-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2-O-p-coumaroylglycerol (2) with inhibitions of 51.2, 39.2, and 36.8%, respectively. The p-coumaroyl-based (3) and its acetylated derivative (5) exhibited differential inhibition activity (51.2% as compared to 3.6%), suggesting that natural acetylation decreases the hypoglycemic activity of these compounds. Direct structure-activity analysis of phenylpropanoid glycerol glucosides indicated that the hydroxylation pattern of the hydroxy cinnamic acid moiety and acetylation were responsible for the differences in activity. This is the first report of phenylpropanoid glycerol glucosides as a phytochemical class of hepatic glucose production inhibitors.
[An experimental study of adrenalin-stimulated gastric acid secretion and gastrin secretion in rats of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

It is known that cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers in rats are similar to the human duodenal ulcers in some aspects. We investigated their similarities in view of adrenalin-stimulated gastric acid secretion and gastrin secretion in these rats. Acid outputs decreased in the control group by the administration of adrenaline, but in the cysteamine-administered group acid outputs increased dose dependently. Serum gastrin levels and plasma noradrenaline levels increased by cysteamine administration. The abnormal gastric acid secretion by the adrenalin infusion in the process of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers in rats, which was resembled to that of duodenal ulcer patients, was recognized.
Australian Exceptionalism? Inequality and Living Standards 1821-1871

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Although the Australian historical literature covering the colonies' first century from the initial convict settlement in 1788 at Botany Bay to the post-gold rush census of 1871 is packed with assertions about Australian living standards and inequality exceptionalism - compared with western Europe and America, there has been very little evidence offered to confirm them. This paper will establish the Australian facts about living standards and inequality trends between the 1820s and the 1870s. Where do we find exceptionalism, compared with the United States, and where not? And can exceptionalism be readily explained by the fact that the US was undergoing a dramatic industrial revolution while Australia was following its commodity-exporting comparative advantage? We start by exploring the end-period benchmark, 1871, where previous literature (since Michael Mulhall in 1892) has reported a big Australian income per capita and living standard lead. We ask whether 1871 is a poor choice for making these comparisons, and whether 1861 would be better. The US had just fought a Civil War and underwent a 'lost growth decade' and southern destruction in the 1860s (Lindert & Williamson 2016b). In addition, both countries had to deal with a mineral rent bust, one in Victoria and the other in California and Nevada. The result for 1861 without the devastated American south or the mineral-rich Victoria, California, and Nevada is a smaller Australian living standard lead, but a significant lead nonetheless. Next we ask whether Australia was born (relatively) rich or grew (relatively) rich by commodity-export-led (relatively) fast growth. It was the latter, a conclusion reached in two ways, indirectly a la Angus Maddison backcasting and directly a la historic purchasing-power- parity living standard estimates for the early years. Our new purchasing-power-parity estimates of working class living standards in the 1820s and 1830s place Australian towns below London. This not-born-relatively-rich conclusion is confirmed indirectly by an exceptionally fast growth performance between 1821 and 1871. In addition, we ask whether the convicts had similar living standards as free urban unskilled in the 1830s (the convicts were still nearly half of the labor force). We follow this with two additional questions: Was the 1871 Australian distribution of income as unequal as it was in the US and Western Europe then? Or was it exceptionally equal? If the latter, was it also as equal in the 1820s as it was in America in 1800? While we cannot yet answer either question, we can document inequality trends between those two dates by exploiting various proxies. Here we find exceptionalism since there is little evidence supporting rising income inequality over the half-century prior to 1871.