jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Laxmi Pati Pandey: A Comprehensive Study of Nepali Mathematician and Astrologer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article presents a comprehensive study of the life and contributions of Pandit. Laxmi Pati Pandey, a distinguished mathematician and astrologer from 18th-century Nepal. The historical context is explored to understand the intertwining of mathematics and astronomy in Nepalese culture, with a focus on the significance of mathematical induction and the evolution of mathematical thought in Shah era of Nepal. It outlines the historical relationship between mathematics and astronomy in Indian culture, emphasizing the close connection between the two disciplines. It also highlights the emergence of mathematical techniques in Siddhiintas, focusing on their application to solve astronomical problems. The study delves into Laxmi Pati Pandey's mathematical works, including his notable translation of book "Bhaswati," and Sanskrit Text "Ratna Deep". The study adopts a qualitative research design, incorporating historical analysis, content analysis, and interviews. Archival research, literature review, and interviews with descendants and experts are conducted to gather information on Laxmi Pati Pandey's background, contributions, and educational practices. Ethical considerations are highlighted to ensure the respectful treatment of information. Thematic analysis is employed to interpret collected data, identifying key themes related to Laxmi Pati Pandey's contributions and educational practices. The analysis involves a comparison of his work with historical sources to identify potential influences and contributions to Nepali mathematics. The findings reveal Laxmi Pati Pandey's significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy, including the translation of Sanskrit slokas into Nepali and the writing of mathematical books. His influence on educational practices and the development of mathematical education in Nepal is evident. The study uncovers his intellectual legacy through his descendants, such as Lila Nath Pandey and Gopal Pandey.
Comments on Bruce Smith's Work

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The remarks on Bruce Smith’s work, that follow, have been presented at the Bruce D. Smith Memorial Conference held by the Department of Economics of the University of Texas at Austin, onApril 12–13, 2003. The conference was organized by Scott Freeman, Sebastian Centennial Professor in the Department of Economics of the University of Texas at Austin, and Bruce Champ, of the Research Department of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. These remarks are in three parts, dealing with Bruce Smith’s contributions to the study of financial intermediation and development, monetary history, and economic dynamics.
A Machine Learning and Panel Data Analysis of N2O Emissions in an ESG Framework

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Addressing climate change requires a deeper understanding of all greenhouse gases, yet nitrous oxide (N2O)—despite its significant global warming potential—remains underrepresented in sustainability analysis and policy discourse. The paper examines N2O emissions from an environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standpoint with a combination of econometric and machine learning specifications to uncover global trends and policy implications. Results show the overwhelming effect of ESG factors on emissions, with intricate interdependencies between economic growth, resource productivity, and environmental policy. Econometric specifications identify forest degradation, energy intensity, and income inequality as the most significant determinants of N2O emissions, which are in need of policy attention. Machine learning enhances predictive power insofar as emission drivers and country-specific trends are identifiable. Through the integration of panel data techniques and state-of-the-art clustering algorithms, this paper generates a highly differentiated picture of emission trends, separating country groups by ESG performance. The findings of this study are that while developed nations have better energy efficiency and environmental governance, they remain significant contributors to N2O emissions due to intensive industry and agriculture. Meanwhile, developing economies with energy intensity have structural impediments to emission mitigation. The paper also identifies the contribution of regulatory quality in emission abatement in that the quality of governance is found to be linked with better environmental performance. ESG-based finance instruments, such as green bonds and impact investing, also promote sustainable economic transition. The findings have the further implications of additional arguments for mainstreaming sustainability in economic planning, developing ESG frameworks to underpin climate targets.
Additional file 5 of A genome-wide study of PDZ-domain interactions in C. elegans reveals a high frequency of non-canonical binding

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 5:Verification of two-hybrid interacting pairs by co-immunoprecipitation. Additional file 5 contains four tables (S10 to S13) listing interacting proteins pairs tested and results. Supplemental Table S10 lists tested pairs involving PDZ domains and their respective two-hybrid identified interacting proteins possessing a free C-terminus. Supplemental Table S11 lists tested pairs involving PDZ domains and their respective two-hybrid identified interacting proteins using a B2 tailed construct. Supplemental Table S12 lists the 59 protein fragments that did not possess a C-terminal binding motif tested by co-immunoprecipitation in a C-terminally truncated form against their respective two hybrid interacting PDZs. Sequences where there was creation of a new C-terminal consensus sites after truncation are shown. Supplemental Table S13 lists the primers pairs used to amplify and clone truncated interacting protein fragments used in the co-immunoprecipitation experiment. (XLS 78 KB)
The Origins of Soviet Russia’s Public Diplomacy: The Russian Famine (1921-1922) and the Creation of VOKS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the historical context in which the Bolshevik government established the All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (VOKS) in 1925. In so doing this paper traces the origin of Soviet public diplomacy. From the mid-1920s to the 1930s, Soviet diplomacy was led by three different organizations each with own aim and strategy—the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs that focused on ensuring the newly-found socialist regime’s security and normalizing relations with foreign countries; Comintern which was devoted to spreading socialist revolutionary ideology globally; and lastly, VOKS that complemented the work of these organizations by constructing cultural ties with foreign intellectuals and workers organizations. Soviet Russia was thus one of the early pioneers who simultaneously pursued traditional ‘official diplomacy’ with what could be described as ‘public diplomacy.’ The origin of Soviet public diplomacy however dates back to the immediate aftermath of the Russian Revolution to 1921-1922 when a devastating famine that struck the Southern part of Russia put pressure on the Bolshevik state to learn to engage with the foreign public. This paper first explores collaboration between the All-Russian Central Commission for Famine Relief and the Workers International Relief, a Berlin-based NGO created by the Comintern, to show how Soviet overseas propaganda emerged from the organizations’ collaborative efforts to win the hearts of the foreign public and to encourage active participation in relief work. Then the paper explores Russia’s diplomatic successes from the 1922 Berlin Russian Art Exhibition, the first-ever international exhibition of Soviet art co-organized by the Bolshevik government and the Workers International Relief. In the conclusion, the paper demonstrates how the two organizations’ collaborative efforts during the 1921-1922 Russian Famine built the foundation for Soviet cultural diplomacy and the creation of VOKS.
Neonatal Bacterial Meningitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neonatal bacterial meningitis continues to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Contributing factors to such mortality and morbidity include our incomplete knowledge on the pathogenesis of how meningitis-causing bacteria penetrate the blood brain barrier, emergence of antimicrobial resistance, and difficulty in early diagnosis of meningitis. An early empiric antibiotic treatment is critical for the management of neonates with bacterial meningitis, but early recognition of neonatal meningitis continues to be a challenge. Bacterial nucleic acid–based detection of pathogens and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers will help in the development of early diagnosis of neonatal bacterial meningitis. Bacterial penetration of the blood brain barrier is essential for the development of meningitis, and the continued elucidation of microbial penetration of the blood brain barrier is likely to bring a new approach for prevention and therapy of neonatal bacterial meningitis.
Crystalluria - first step in the stone formation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kristalizacija koja predstavlja prvu fazu u stvaranju kamenaca, kompleksan je i do kraja nerazjasnjen fenomen, ovisan ne samo o prezasicenosti mokrace, vec također o nizu razlicitih inhibirajucih ili promovirajucih tvari. Promatranje, odnosno detekcija kristalurije, prisutnosti kristala u mokraci (urinu), jedan je od dijagnostickih testova koji je cesto zanemarivan (zapostavljen) od nefrologa i urologa. U ovom radu evaluirana je kristalurija kalcij oksalata (CaOx), kalcij fosfata (CaP) i mokracne kiseline (H2U) u svježe izmokrenim urinima osoba koje stvaraju ili su stvarale kalcijske kamence kao i kod kontrola. Uzorci jutarnjeg urina bili su skupljeni od 62 pacijenta i 35 kontrola a svjetlosna mikroskopija je koristena za detekciju kristalurije. Premda je kristalurija primjecena u obje skupine, ispitanici su imali vise kristala u mokraci nego urini kontrolnih ispitanika. U obje grupe preteže CaOx kristalurija, 13% kod stvaralaca kamenaca i 9% kod kontrola. CaP kristali su bili detektirani u 8% pacijenata i 6% kontrola, dok kristali mokracne kiseline, H2U, su primjeceni kod 2% pacijenata i 3% kontrola. Smjese kristala nisu detektirane. Pokazani su primjeri cescih kristala koji se javljaju u mokraci, a opažanja povezana s kristalnom morfologijom i sastavom mokracnih parametara kao i sastavom kamenaca.
Fission yeast cells grow approximately exponentially

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

How the rate of cell growth is influenced by cell size is a fundamental question of cell biology. The simple model that cell growth is proportional to cell size, based on the proposition that larger cells have proportionally greater synthetic capacity than smaller cells, leads to the prediction that the rate of cell growth increases exponentially with cell size. However, other modes of cell growth, including bilinear growth, have been reported. The distinction between exponential and bilinear growth has been explored in particular detail in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We have revisited the mode of fission yeast cell growth using high-resolution time-lapse microscopy and find, as previously reported, that these two growth models are difficult to distinguish both because of the similarity in shapes between exponential and bilinear curves over the two-fold change in length of a normal cell cycle and because of the substantial biological and experimental noise inherent to these experiments. Therefore, we contrived to have cells grow more than twofold, by holding them in G2 for up to 8 h. Over this extended growth period, in which cells grow up to 5.5-fold, the two growth models diverge to the point that we can confidently exclude bilinear growth as a general model for fission yeast growth. Although the growth we observe is clearly more complicated than predicted by simple exponential growth, we find that exponential growth is a robust approximation of fission yeast growth, both during an unperturbed cell cycle and during extended periods of growth.
Universal Filter Using Single Commercially Available IC: LT1228

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

\nIn electrical and electronic engineering, the filter is very importance circuit. A voltage-mode three inputs single output second-order multifunction filter is presented in this paper. The proposed filter is based on RLC parallel circuit. The main active element is the commercially available IC from Linear Technology Inc, LT1228. The filter consists of single LT1228, single resistor and two capacitors. Five output second-order filter responses, namely band-pass (BP), band-stop (BS), high-pass (HP), low-pass (LP) and all-pass (AP) functions are achieved. Each output response can be selected without component matching condition and the requirement of double gain amplifier. The quality factor and natural frequency can be electronically controlled. PSpice simulation results suing macro model of LT1228 are in close agreement with the theory.\n
COMBINED FEMORAL AND CHIARI OSTEOTOMIES AS ONE-STAGE RECONSTRUCTION FOR PAINFUL SUBLUXATION OR DISLOCATION OF THE HIP IN CEREBRAL PALSY: A LONG-TERM OUTCOME STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to manage painful subluxation/dislocation secondary to cerebral palsy, 12 hips in 11 patients received combined femoral and Chiari pelvic osteotomies with additional soft tissues releases at an average age of 14.1 (9.1-17.8) years. Pain relief, improvement in the arc of movement, sitting posture and ease of perineal care was recorded in all, and these features have been maintained at an average follow-up of 13.1 (8-17.5) years. The improvement of general mobility was marginal, but those who were community walkers benefited the most. Pre-operative radiological measurements have been modified post-operatively to use lateral margin of the neo-acetabulum produced by the pelvic osteotomy. The radiological migration index improved from a mean of 80.6% to 13.7% [p This combined procedure provides a stable hip with sustained pain relief for the adolescent and young adult presenting with pain.
NOCTURNAL BLOOD PRESSURE DIPPING AND PRECLINICAL TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE IN YOUNG INDIVIDUALS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: A blunted nighttime blood pressure (BP) decrease (non-dipping) has been linked to increased cardiovascular risk. Relevant research data in children and adolescents are scarce with most studies conducted in young individuals with medical conditions, e.g., diabetes. This study investigated the relationship of nighttime dipping with indices of preclinical target organ damage (TOD) in young individuals. Design and method: Individuals referred for suspected hypertension and healthy volunteers aged 6-25 years were evaluated with 24h ambulatory BP (ABP) monitoring. The nighttime BP dip was quantified as the percentage BP decline as compared to the daytime value. Non-dippers were defined as those with systolic and/or diastolic nighttime dip <10%. TOD was assessed by echocardiographic left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and ultrasonographic determination of intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (IMT). Results: 276 individuals were included (13.8±3.8 years, 67% males, 31.2% children, 56.1% adolescents, 12.7% adults, 3.3% healthy volunteers, BMI z-score 1.18±0.96, 37.4% obese, 25.7% with elevated 24h ABP, 27.9% with elevated nighttime BP). LVMI measurements were available in 257 and IMT in 205. The average systolic/diastolic dip was 12.1±4.7/19.6±6.3% and 30.4% of participants were classified as non-dippers. TOD indices were higher in non-dippers than in dippers (LVMI 30.5±8.2 versus 28.4±5.9 g/m 2 .7; IMT 0.517±0.054 versus 0.500±0.053 mm, p<0.05 for both). In linear regression analysis, non-dipping was independently associated with LVMI (↓ = 2.14, p = 0.01) and IMT (↓ = 0.02, p = 0.02), after adjustment for sex, age, BMI z-score and 24h systolic ABP. However, after adjustment for the nighttime BP levels (instead of 24h ABP) this association lost its statistical significance. Conclusions: These data suggest that in young individuals nocturnal non-dipping is associated with TOD, but not after accounting for the nighttime BP levels.
India ' s S & T cooperation with the developing countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse India ' s international science and technology (S & T) cooperation efforts, with a special focus on the developing countries. It intends to identify the actors, magnitude, nature, routes and areas of international cooperation. Further, it probes whether the “globalisation process” is likely to change the collaboration pattern or transform India ' s innovation system and processes.
Long-term settlement of Holocene clay ground caused by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The aim of the study reported in this paper is to reveal the long-term settlement of Holocene clay ground after the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku earthquake. The authors took level readings six times across Urayasu City, Chiba Prefecture, during the period from April 2011 to April 2013. The result is a chronological record of changes in settlement of first-order benchmarks and survey points showing that long-term ground settlement is taking place due to the earthquake. In the Phase I reclaimed land (which was constructed between 1968 and 1975), the settlement rate is shown to be approximately 6 mm/year, more than twice the rate of settlement before the earthquake. In the Phase II reclaimed land (which was constructed between 1978 and 1980), the settlement behavior is found to differ according to whether the reclaimed land had been improved or not. Further, natural alluvial lowland has not settled since the earthquake.
Antiinflammatory Constituents from Eclipta prostrata using RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The whole plant extract of Eclipta prostrata and its isolated compounds were tested for their antiinflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) release in RAW264.7 cells, as well as for the antiinflammatory mechanism of the active compound on mRNA expression. Among the isolated compounds, orobol (5) exhibited the highest activity against NO release with an IC 50 value of 4.6 μ m , followed by compounds 1, 2 and 4 with IC 50 values of 12.7, 14.9 and 19.1 μ m , respectively. The IC 50 value of compound 5 against PGE 2 release was found to be 49.6 μ m , whereas it was inactive towards TNF‐α (IC 50 > 100 μ m ). The mechanism of orobol (5) was found to down‐regulate iNOS and COX‐2 mRNA expression in a concentration‐dependent manner. The present study may support the traditional use of Eclipta prostrata for the treatment of inflammatory‐related diseases. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of contact stresses in cylindric-bevel gears at the synthesis stage in generalizing parameters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The calculation of contact stresses in engagement of involute and non-involute gears with point contact of the mating surfaces of the teeth at different angles of the initial cone is presented. Keywords cylindric-bevel gear, involute and non-involute bevel wheels, conjugate meshing, generalizing parameters, contact stresses. tsonzz@mail.ru
Genetic diversity in natural populations of the endangered Neotropical orchid Telipogon peruvianus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Telipogon peruvianus is a highly restricted, sexually deceptive, Neotropical orchid species, endemic to the southern Peruvian Andes. It is only known from two localities, which are affected by anthropogenic disturbance. Here, we investigated whether the restricted distribution of T. peruvianus has led to low genetic diversity and inbreeding, thus threatening its survival. We isolated 10 novel microsatellite loci specific for T. peruvianus (and that also cross‐amplified in related species) from two adjacent populations. We found that genetic diversity within populations was only moderately reduced, along with some evidence of inbreeding. We found low levels of genetic differentiation, suggesting connectivity by pollen/seed flow between the two populations. Effective population size was comparable to the real number of flowering individuals in the populations and we did not detect the signature of recent bottlenecks. Taken together, these results show that, despite increasing anthropogenic pressure, the two investigated populations of T. peruvianus still host valuable genetic diversity that should be preserved through appropriate conservation strategies.
Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry for Steady Flow

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Whole body magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has recently become an important diagnostic tool for cardiovascular diseases. The technique of magnetic resonance phase velocity encoding allows the quantitative measurement of velocity for an arbitrary component direction. A study was initiated to determine the ability and accuracy of MR velocimetry to measure a wide range of flow conditions including flow separation, three-dimensional secondary flow, high velocity gradients, and turbulence. A steady flow system pumped water doped with manganese chloride through a variety of test sections. Images were produced using gradient echo sequences on test sections including a straight tube, a curved tube, a smoothly converging-diverging nozzle, and an orifice. Magnetic resonance measurements of laminar and turbulent flows were depicted as cross-sectional velocity profiles. MR velocity measurements revealed such flow behavior as spatially varying velocity, recirculation and secondary flows over a wide range of conditions. Comparisons made with published experimental laser Doppler anemometry measurements and theoretical calculations for similar flow conditions revealed excellent accuracy and precision levels. The successful measurement of velocity profiles for a variety of flow conditions and geometries indicate that magnetic resonance imaging is an accurate, non-contacting velocimeter.
Simulasi Sistem High Flow Nasal Cannula berbasis Internet of Things

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Paper ini membahas perancangan alat terapi oksigen dengan laju aliran udara tinggi atau biasa disebut dengan high flow nasal cannula (HFNC). Alat tersebut penting untuk memperoleh konsentrasi oksigen dan laju aliran yang ditentukan dengan menggunakan pencampuran gas tabung venturi. Mikrokontroler digunakan untuk mengolah data dan terhubung dengan WiFi sehingga dapat terintegrasi dengan sistem internet of things (IoT). Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan sensor oksigen KE-25, sensor aliran udara FS-300A dan sensor tekanan MPX5700 untuk membaca parameter. Layar kristal cair (LCD) menampilkan data konsentrasi oksigen, laju aliran oksigen, tekanan dalam ruang, dan status katup solenoid. HFNC berhasil dirancang pada papan sirkuit cetak (PCB) dua lapis.