jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A study on the mode of insecticidal action and the activity of detoxification enzyme in extracts of Xanthium sibiricumagainst Lipaphis erysimi and Mythimna separata

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The mode of insecticidal action and the activity of detoxification enzymes(AchE,GSTs,MFO)were studied using three different solvent extracts(acetone,ethanol,chloroform)of Xanthium sibiricumagainst Lipaphis erysimi and Mythimna separate.The chloroform extracts of X.sibiricum mainly expressed a strong repellency action against L.erysimi:the repellent rate was 94.25%at 4hwith a concentration of 0.05g/mL,while at 48 h,it was 84.53%;For contact toxicity,the highest mortality rate was 67.24%,and the LC50was0.7420g/mL;Systemic action was extremely weak.For M.separate,the mode of insecticidal action was mainly antifeedant and growth inhibition activity,and the antifeeding corrected mortality rate was as high as98.27%,and the AFC50 was 0.1985g/mL;At 72 h,the body weight growth rate was-5.85%,which was significantly different from the CK;Stomach and contact toxicity were weak,and the LC50 were 0.8997and1.3070g/mL respectively.The AchE activity of L.erysimi and M.separata was inhibited by the chloroform extract of X.sibiricum,at 24h(L.erysimi)and 4h(M.separate),the inhibition rates of the AchE activity were the highest(37.55%and 25.65%);The activities of GSTs and MFO were not significant.
Graphical Abstract: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 14/2024

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Edition is aj ournalo ft he Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh), the largest chemistryrelated scientific society in continental Europe.Information on the various activities and services of the GDCh, for example, cheaper subscription to Angewandte Chemie International Edition,aswell as applications for membership can be found at www.gdch.deor can be requested from GDCh, Postfach 900440, D-60444 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.…determines the product selectivity in the oxidative coupling of CH 4 as shown on the cover.In their Communication (e202319192), Guiyuan Jiang,E vgenii V. Kondratenko et al. describe how the formation of carbon oxides and ethane correlates with the binding strength of selective mono-atomic oxygen species.T he strength affects the probability of their recombination to diatomic oxygen species oxidizing methane to carbon oxides.Cover image credit:V ita A. Kondratenko.Photocatalysis Site-selective photocrosslinking of DNAduplex was achieved in the Research Article (e202319516) by Hiromu Kashida, Hiroyuki Asanuma et al.Aruthenium complex on atriplex-forming oligonucleotide effectively catalyzed [2+2] photocycloaddition of stilbene moieties under visible light.Bioorganic Chemistry Ar apid functional group transformation method that converts metabolic carboxylic acids into an ew ketone using the reagent 4-nitrophenyl-2H-azirine has been developed by Daniel Globisch et al. in their Communication (e202318579).
PEARLS: Globular Clusters and Ultra-Compact Dwarfs in the El Gordo Galaxies at z=0.87

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

JWST/NIRCam 0.9 to 2.0 micron images reveal a population of point sources around the major galaxies in the El Gordo cluster at redshift z=0.87. Their distribution in the color--magnitude diagrams shows a narrow sequence well separated from field-galaxy contamination and consistent with their identification as ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) or luminous globular clusters (GCs). The point-source sequence is more luminous by almost a magnitude than the corresponding sequence in Abell 2744 at z=0.31, matching the predicted evolutionary change for GC/UCDs over the 4-Gyr difference in lookback time between these two clusters. Deeper observations should allow direct JWST imaging of GC/UCD populations, even without the help of lensing, up to z ~ 1.4, a lookback time of more than 9 Gyr. Such observations would directly reveal the evolution of these compact stellar systems two-thirds of the way back to the Big Bang.
Multiresponsive Hybrid Microgels and Hollow Capsules with a Layered Structure

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Various stimuli-responsive composite particles with a high control of their internal structure and their corresponding hollow capsules are synthesized and characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy, TEM, and AFM. Core−shell particles with a silica core and a thermoresponsive shell are obtained by polymerization of <i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) in the presence of silica seeds grafted with a high density of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS). The influence of the synthesis conditions is studied. The shell thickness increases when the monomer concentration increases in a limited range where uniform composite particles with a single core are obtained. At constant monomer concentration, the shell thickness does not depend on the size of the silica seeds, but the presence of free unbound microgels is observed when the silica surface area decreases. A range of particle diameters and shell thicknesses is thus obtained, which can lead to the corresponding hollow capsules by exposure to hydrofluoric acid solution. The volume phase transition temperature of these materials can be easily tuned by replacing the NIPAM monomer by another <i>N</i>-alkylacrylamide derivative. However, the incorporation of comonomers such as acrylic acid (AA) and a phenylboronic acid (PBA) derivative inhibits the formation of core−shell structures. In order to get pH or glucose responsiveness, these functional groups can be incorporated in the outer shell of a core−double shell structure, with pNIPAM as intermediate shell. pH-responsive and glucose-responsive composite particles are obtained by this method with a high control of their internal structure.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Handout Digital Berbasis Android

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research is based on the existence of gaps in the Powerpoint learning media when used in complex material discussions. The development of instructional media has the aim to determine the feasibility , find out responses and learning outcomes of student on digital handout learning media based on androidThis research was conducted to 20 students of class XI in the 1st Senior High School Puri Mojokerto by collecting data using interviews, documentation, and questionnaires that were analyzed through qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The research model utilized 4D consisting of define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The outputs of research were Android-based digital handout learning media applications with the APK format. The validation results of Digital Handout media obtained proper conclusions with the details, i.e., material experts by 92.8%, media experts by 87.8%, evaluation experts by 84%, and question experts by 88%. Students resulted in the positive responses by 91.8% and induced an increase in learning outcomes, which relatively high, considering from an average Gain Score of 0.71 with the completeness of classical posttest amounting to 90%. Therefore, it can be concluded that based on the results, digital handout learning media can facilitate students' understanding through appropriate media with positif responsses and increase in learning outcomes.
Comparing absolute and relative distance and time travel measures of geographic access to healthcare facilities in rural Haiti

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction While travel distance and time are important proxies of physical access to health facilities, obtaining valid measures with an appropriate modelling method remains challenging in many settings. We compared five measures of geographic accessibility in Haiti, producing recommendations that consider available analytic resources and geospatial goals. Methods Eight public hospitals within the ministry of public health and population were included. We estimated distance and time between hospitals and geographic centroids of Haiti’s section communes and population-level accessibility. Geographic feature data were obtained from public administrative databases, academic research databases and government satellites. We used validated geographic information system methods to produce five geographic access measures: (1) Euclidean distance (ED), (2) network distance (ND), (3) network travel time (NTT), (4) AccessMod 5 (AM5) distance (AM5D) and (5) AM5 travel time (AM5TT). Relative ranking of section communes across the measures was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients, while mean differences were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and pairwise t-tests. Results All five geographic access measures were highly correlated (range: 0.78–0.99). Of the distance measures, ED values were consistently the shortest, followed by AM5D values, while ND values were the longest. ND values were as high as 2.3 times ED values. NTT models generally produced longer travel time estimates compared with AM5TT models. ED consistently overestimated population coverage within a given threshold compared with ND and AM5D. For example, population-level accessibility within 15 km of the nearest studied hospital in the Center department was estimated at 68% for ED, 50% for AM5D and 34% for ND. Conclusion While the access measures were highly correlated, there were significant differences in the absolute measures. Consideration of the benefits and limitations of each geospatial measure together with the intended purpose of the estimates, such as relative proximity of patients or service coverage, are key to guiding appropriate use.
Kill the Workers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Solo exhibition at Chisenhale Gallery, 2011; touring as solo exhibition to Badischer Kunstverein, Karlsruhe, Walter Phillips Gallery, Banff Centre (2012), Canada, and Project Art Centre, Dublin (2012).

Kill the Workers! is a play written for stage lights, in isolation of any other theatrical elements. Employing traditional stage lights marked by changes in intensity, colour, direction and location the lighting design itself will be made autonomous in the gallery to comprise the work itself. Shifts in narrative, emotional epiphanies, motivation, mood, etc. will be experienced solely through the formal articulation of light, which will in turn be freed from the structures from which it is derived.

The script for Kills the Workers! will be pulblished in 2013 in a monographic book of Janice Kerbel's collected writings.
Land Use and Urbanization Patterns in an Established Enzootic Raccoon Rabies Area

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

We analyzed how land-use patterns and changes in urbanization influence positive raccoon rabies cases in an established enzootic area. County resolution was used and the study area included all 159 counties in Georgia. We obtained data on raccoons submitted from 2006 through 2010 for testing at the state public health labs due to exposure incidents with people or domesticated animals. The land-use patterns were extracted from the US Geological Survey’s National Land Cover Database from both 2001 and 2006. Odds ratios were calculated on 16 land-use variables that included natural topography, agricultural development, and urbanization. An additional variable, Submissions/Population density, was used to normalize counties and to account for population bias associated with rabies surveillance. The use of this demographic variable was substantiated by GIS clustering analysis. The outcome variable was heavily right skewed and over dispersed and therefore a negative binomial regression was used in this count statistics technique. The final analysis showed that low intensity residential development is associated with raccoon rabies cases while evergreen forest offers protection. This study supports the hypothesis that the raccoon rabies enzootic is maintained in those edge ecosystems of urbanization. It is advocated here that the public health animal rabies database to include GPS coordinates when reporting wildlife rabies submissions for testing to improve the resolution when studying the disease ecology of enzootic rabies.
The role of Bordetella pertussis infections in adults in the epidemiology of pertussis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In six of the seven efficacy studies, cases of pertussis in adults were diagnosed. In particular, primary cases in adults were common in study families in the Mainz and Erlangen studies. Recent epidemiological studies indicate that B. pertussis infections in adults are common and endemic. It is suggested that B. pertussis circulation cannot be controlled by immunization of children but that acellular vaccines make it possible to give booster immunizations to adults. An adult booster programme might decrease the circulation of B. pertussis in adults and could lead to the elimination of the organism from the population.
Tales of Social Terror: Notes on Argentine Working-Class Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay takes up the problem of discussing working-class literature in a context marked by the absence of the term within Argentine literary studies. The discussion focuses on Argentine proletarian writer Elías Castelnuovo and his role in shaping how critics approach Argentine proletarian and working-class literature. The following discussion argues for the need to distance new approaches to Argentine working-class literature from the critical account molded throughout the 20th century. Without such distancing, it is difficult – if not impossible – to find proletarian and working-class literature worthy of discussion within Argentine letters. Although the essay looks closely at the case of Argentine national literature, the aim is to contribute to mapping working-class literature across the region and beyond.
Counseling Family Members of Addicts/Alcoholics: The Stages of Change Model

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article adapts the stages of change model, a model in which specific interventions of harm reduction are directed toward the client's readiness for treatment, as a guiding framework for counseling family members of alcoholics/addicts. Interventions at each stage of the family's readiness for change, from precontemplation to action, are described. © 2008 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.
The Unique "Rent Defined" Capital Input Assumption in Investment Theory

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Jorgenson [14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19] and associates [10; 11; 12; 22], along with others [1; 2; 3; 6; 8; 9] have discussed a neoclassical investment theory in which there is a unique input of capital services. Investment is a function of the difference between the capital stock required to provide these services (usually considered proportional to the services to be provided) and the actual capital stock. The idea that there is an optimal capital input is derived from neoclassical factor demand theory in which profit maximizing firms constrained by a regular or strictly quasiconcave production function employ a single unique capital input for a particular set of factor prices and output. While the neoclassical investment theory is subject to many objections [1; 27]), this paper will concentrate on a very simple one that has not been discussed. It will be argued that there is not a single desired capital stock or input of capital services for the rent-based definition of capital services neoclassical writers use. This simple observation makes irrelevant both the research on the lag structure for the adjustment of the rent measured capital stock to its desired value and the research on the costs of adjusting the rent measured aggregate capital stock to the desired value.
Impact of Battery Storage with DG Integration in Distribution Network Using Combined Dispatch Strategy for Loss Minimisation

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Renewable energy integration has become an integral part of the distribution system.The energy storage devices with the high penetration of wind and solar are becoming key components to support the power mismatch due to intermittency in power available from the renewable sources.The renewable energy sources, along with storage devices, require their optimal placement for the efficient operation of the distribution system.In this paper, the impact of battery energy storage along with Distributed Generation (DG) in the hybrid distribution system, has been analysed.The main contribution of this paper is: (i) optimal siting and sizing of DGs using combined power loss sensitivity index, (ii) optimal position and sizing of battery energy storage based on combined power dispatch strategy, (iii) minimisation of the total power loss and fuel cost of the system.The voltage profile, fuel cost, battery installation cost, size of battery storage, and energy of battery during the charging and discharging have been calculated.The results have been obtained for IEEE-33 bus test system and compared with existing methods in the literature also.An optimisation problem has been solved using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) and MATLAB interfacing.
IL-18 single nucleotide polymorphisms in hematologic malignancies with HLA matched sibling donor allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the impact of interleukin-18(IL-18)single nucleotide polymorphisms on outcomes of hematologic malignancies with HLA-matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).Methods Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-18 promoter was detected by PCR-sequence-specific primer analysis(PCR-SSP)in 93 recipients and their HLA matched sibling donors.Hematopoietic reconstitution,
Simultaneous activation of NADPH oxidase-related proton and electron currents in human neutrophils

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Generation of reactive oxygen species by the NADPH oxidase complex is an important bactericidal weapon of phagocytes. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) is a potent agonist for this “respiratory burst” in human neutrophils. Although stoichiometric H + efflux occurs during the respiratory burst, efforts to stimulate voltage-gated H + channels by PMA in whole-cell patch-clamped phagocytes have been unsuccessful. We have used a modification of the permeabilized-patch configuration that allows control of intracellular pH and preserves second-messenger pathways. Using this method, we show that PMA dramatically enhances and alters voltage-gated proton currents in human neutrophils. PMA produced four alterations in H + current properties, each of which increases the H + current at any given voltage: ( i ) a 40-mV negative shift in the H + conductance-voltage ( g H – V ) relationship; ( ii ) faster activation [smaller activation time constant (τ act )] during depolarizing pulses; ( iii ) slower deactivation [larger deactivation time constant (τ tail )] on repolarization; and ( iv ) a larger maximum H + conductance ( g H,max ). Inward current that directly reflects electron transport by NADPH oxidase was also activated by PMA stimulation. The identity of this electron current was confirmed by its sensitivity to diphenylene iodinium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Diphenylene iodinium also reversed the slowing of τ tail with a time course paralleling the inhibition of electron current. However, the amplitudes of H + and electron currents activated by PMA were not correlated. A complex interaction between NADPH oxidase and voltage-gated proton channels is indicated. The data suggest that PMA stimulation modulates preexisting H + channels rather than inducing a new H + channel.
Minimum Wage and Income Distribution in the Harris-Todaro Model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of a change in the minimum wage on income distribution and employment in a developing economy. The basic framework of our analysis is the original Harris-Todaro model, in which the only factor that is intersectorally mobile is labor. We analyze the effects of a change in the minimum wage on income distribution, sectoral employment and unemployment, both in the framework of a small open economy, and with endogenous commodity-price changes. Our findings differ from the results of the existing literature and shed light on the complex interaction between the urban and the rural sector of a developing economy.
Stochastic Effects and Fractal Kinetics in the Pharmacokinetics of Drug Transport

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pharmacokinetics (PK) attempts to model the progression and time evolution of a drug in the human body from administration to the elimination stage. It is the primary quantitative approach used in drug discovery/development (in the pharma industry). The overwhelming majority of PK models are based on equilibrium kinetics with all the reaction kinetics occurring in a well mixed, homogeneous environment. Of course as is well known, the human body is comprised of heterogeneous media with non equilibrium chemical kinetics. As a result, the transport processes and reaction mechanisms are often atypical. In this thesis, we apply ideas from stochastic processes and fractal kinetics in order to better capture the time course of a drug through the body when there is spatial and temporal heterogeneity. We discuss the limitations of the Langevin equation and Bourret’s approximation and apply Van Kampen’s approach to the random differential equations arising from the stochastic formulation of standard one compartmental extra vascular model. Although one compartment models can produce good fits if a drug dispersed rapidly so that equilibrium is achieved (in all tissues) swiftly, in general they are oversimplification of a complex process . Thus we also extend the two compartmental model Kearns et al., to incorporate fractal Michaelis Menten kinetics and compare with experimental data from the literature for paclitaxel. Finally, we conclude with a discussion and appraisal of the contribution in the thesis to the field of pharmacokinetics.