jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
GPs accept out of hours offer unanimously

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

General practitioners in Britain have unanimously accepted a revised offer from the health secretary to resolve the problem of providing out of hours care (see also p 824). The issue has been at the top of their agenda for the past three years. Members would have been balloted on whether to take sanctions if the offer had been rejected.

The chairman of the General Medical Services Committee, Dr Ian Bogle, will write to all general practitioners emphasising that, although the settlement may have solved the immediate problem, there will now be a much wider debate on other contractual issues, including separating out of hours work from in hours work. The health secretary, Mr Stephen Dorrell, has already recognised the need for further debate. …
The CEC Emission Phantom for PET and SPECT

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The CEC Emission Phantom was defined by a task group within the PET instrumentation programme of the CEC Concerted Action on ‘PET Investigation of Cellular Regeneration and Degeneration’. It is based on a design, developed for SPECT at the Medical University Hannover, nine years ago. The basis philosophy of this phantom is to simulate realistic measuring conditions, as found under routine clinical work, as closely as possible. This implies a thorough consideration of attenuation and Compton scattering within the patient, which considerably influence the performance of PET and SPECT instruments. The measurements described in this work show that the exclusive evaluation with test methods yielding intrinsic performance parameters only, is insufficient as well as dangerous. A concise description of the phantom is given and some examples illustrate the necessity of such realistic phantoms, by demonstrating the influence of attenuation on the reconstructed image in SPECT.
Single-shot polarization detection with a highly scattering system

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Polarization detection plays a significant role in optics. However, the current detection methods usually involve mechanically rotating components, multiple measurement steps, complicated optical design, and precise microfabrication process. To address this issue, we propose a single-shot method to detect the polarization state of light based on a highly scattering system, which is constituted by a spatial light modulator and a highly scattering medium. When the incident light beam shaped by a superimposed wavefront is incident on a highly scattering medium, the foci represented the six components at horizontal, vertical, diagonal, antidiagonal, right circularly polarized, and left circularly polarized directions will appear behind the highly scattering medium simultaneously. By measuring the intensities of these six foci, all the Stokes parameters can be extracted. Taking advantage of the measured Stokes parameters, the orientation angle of major axis, the ellipticity, and the handedness of the polarization ellipse of incident light beam can be determined. Various light beams with different polarization states are detected to demonstrate the viability of the method. The experimental results and theoretical values are in a good agreement. Compared to the existing methods, this approach is fast, free of complicated fabrication, and independent of mechanical movement. The proposed method is expected to promote the development of real-time and broadband polarimetry.
‘A Charitable Christian Hatred’: The Godly and their Enemies in the 1630s

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

On July 14 1637, the people of Northampton were confronted with an extraordinary sight.1 A man and two women were about to be executed for infanticide. The man was John Barker, vicar of Pitchley, and the two women his maidservant and his kinswoman. Barker was accused of fathering a child through his adulterous liaison with the maidservant and all three parties had been found guilty of doing away with the child. Executions, of course, attracted crowds and provided puritans with opportunities to display their evangelical skills on the gallows, converting and counselling felons in the last moments before death, eliciting from them those last dying speeches in which they confessed their sins, expressed their repentance and threw themselves on the mercy of God.2 Here, however, was a rather different spectacle; the puritan minister was the felon and the obvious lesson to be learned was anything but the normal edifying confirmation of the power of puritan godliness in the face of sin, Satan and death.
Implementation Of The Meaning Of The Phrase “In Certain Circumstances And The Level Of Truth That Is Considered Sufficient According To The Head Of The Land Office” In Article 37 Paragraph (2) Of Government Regulation Number 24 Of 1997 On Land Registratio

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine and analyze the implementation of the meaning of the phrase "in certain circumstances and the degree of truth that is considered sufficient according to the head of the Land Office" as written in Article 37 paragraph (2) of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration. The study was conducted on the island of Madura with the method of socio-legal research, which examines the perception and legal behavior of the community as well as their interaction with prevailing norms. Primary Data were obtained through interviews with the public and Land Office officials in four districts in Madura: Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan, and Sumenep. Secondary Data were obtained from the study of documentation of legislation and Related Literature. The results showed that the implementation of the meaning of the phrase" in certain circumstances and the degree of truth that is considered sufficient according to the head of the Land Office " often led to different interpretations in the field. This has the potential to be abused by certain individuals who can damage the integrity of the land registration process. In addition, the lack of public understanding of land registration procedures led to many lands not being officially registered, creating legal problems in the future. This study suggests that the government clarify the criteria in the relevant regulations to avoid multi-interpretation and increase socialization to the public about the importance of land registration by legislation, in order to provide legal certainty and protect land rights.
PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY: NEW LIGHT IN MEDICINE WORLD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a considerably new kind of photochemotherapeutic treatment in medical field. It combines the use of three components, which are a photosensitizer, light and oxygen. Photosensitizer is a compound activated by light. The application can be oral, topical or intravenous. It usually member of porphyrin group with ampiphilic characteristics. Photosensitizer can be of generation I, II or III, each generation step develops more specificity, selectivity and deeper tissue application. This review will discuss photosensitizer development consecutively, with its benefit and lackness. The light used is usually on red region, while the oxygen is involved in reactive oxygen species generation. Its mechanism action can go through either in type I or type II reaction. This kind of therapy is usually being used in oncology, especially in superficial and in-lining cancers, dermatology and ophthalmology field. This therapy can be safely given to patients with complication and has distinct advantages compare with other treatment such as chemotherapy and surgery. It also considerably has lesser side effects and risks. Broader application is being developed through various experiments and photosensitizer modification. Keywords: light spectrum, photoactivation, photodynamic therapy, photosensitizer
Effect of Hexamethonium Bromide on the Cerebral Circulation in Hypertension

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

no further trouble.Chemotherapy was continued for over a vear.during which she had a segmental resection of the residual disease.Sumwzmary of Case 3.-A female patient aged 23 developed a high temperature and a morbilliform rash after 22 days on streptomycin and P.A.S. Test doses proved she had become sensitive to both drugs.The daily dose of P.A.S. was gradually increased from 0.5 g. to 15 g. over 11 days; 10 days later it was raised to 17.5 g.Streptomycin doses were increased from 0.1 to 1 g.daily over 12 days.Sub- sequently she continued both drugs for over a year without incident.Summary Desensitization of streptomycin-handlers who have become hypersensitive to the drug is difficult but quite feasible.Two cases are reported.By contrast, patients who acquire hypersensitivity to streptomycin or P.A.S. during treatment are usually readily desensitized.As an example a case is described of a patient hypersensitive to both drugs.My thanks are due to the residents and nursing staff at Hammersmith Hospital, London, the Northern General Hospital, and Southfield Hospital, Edinburgh, who carried out the day-to- day treatment of these patients.
INTERTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF THE POEM «MOLITVA PERED POEMOI» BY E.A. EVTUSHENKO

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article offers the scheme of intertextual analysis of the poetic text, educes the specifics of the intertextuality category in the poem «Molitva pered Pojemoj» by E.A. Evtushenko, considers the figures of intertext and the special aspects of intertextual interplay of the fragments by E.A. Evtushenko with the works of Russian classical writers (such as A.S. Pushkin, M.Ju. Lermontov, N.A. Nekrasov, A.A. Blok, B.L. Pasternak, S.A. Esenin i V.V. Majakovskij).
Reproduction and diet of Imantodes cenchoa (Dipsadidae: Dipsadinae) from the Brazilian Amazon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Imantodes cenchoa (Linnaeus, 1758) is distributed from the east coast of Mexico to Argentina. In Brazil, it occurs in the north, central-west and northeast regions. We present information on the reproductive biology and diet of I. cenchoa from analysis of 314 specimens deposited in the Herpetological Collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG). Imantodes cenchoa displays sexual dimorphism in the snout-vent length, where sexually mature females are larger than mature males (t = 4.02, p < 0.01; N males = 150, N females = 71), head length (f1.218 = 98.29, p < 0.01; N males = 150, N females = 71), and head width (f1.218 = 112.77, p < 0.01, N males = 150; N females = 71). Bi-sexual maturity is observed, with males becoming sexually mature earlier than females. Females with eggs were recorded from November to January (rainy season) and from April to July (dry season), suggesting two reproductive peaks throughout the year, with recruitment occurring mainly during the rainy season, when there is a greater supply of food. Imantodes cenchoa is a nocturnal active forager, capturing prey that are asleep on the vegetation. In 32.80% of the analyzed specimens, food contents were present, of which 84.11% were lizards of the genera Norops (69.16%, N = 74) and Gonatodes (14.95%, N = 16). The other 15.89% of the contents were made up of items in an advanced state of digestion, preventing their identification. Some specimens had more than one food item in their digestive tract, accounting for 107 prey items in total. There was no ontogenetic variation in the diet of I. cenchoa, and the predominant direction of prey ingestion was antero-posterior (71.96%). Larger snakes tended to feed on larger prey, although these did not exclude small prey from their diet.
Controller design for matrix second-order nonlinear plants based on requirements on tracking performance and disturbance rejection

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, controller design for matrix second-order nonlinear plants based on requirements on tracking performance and disturbance rejection is addressed. The proposed controller is composed of a decoupling controller and a disturbance term observer. When designing the controller, a new tracking performance index is first defined, which reflects the desired modes of tracking errors of the closed-loop system. Based on this index, a decoupling controller with a disturbance term is derived. A disturbance term observer is then designed to estimate the disturbance term. In this research, Stability is proved for the closed loop system and it is shown that the speed and shape of response of the closed loop tracking error can be conveniently regulated with only two parameters; furthermore the closed loop system has strong disturbance rejection property. Good performance of the proposed controller is demonstrated by controlling a three-link nonlinear robot manipulator.
OpenTED Browser: Insights into European Public Spendings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We present the OpenTED browser, a Web application allowing to interactively browse public spending data related to public procurements in the European Union. The application relies on Open Data recently published by the European Commission and the Publications Office of the European Union, from which we imported a curated dataset of 4.2 million contract award notices spanning the period 2006-2015. The application is designed to easily filter notices and visualise relationships between public contracting authorities and private contractors. The simple design allows for example to quickly find information about who the biggest suppliers of local governments are, and the nature of the contracted goods and services. We believe the tool, which we make Open Source, is a valuable source of information for journalists, NGOs, analysts and citizens for getting information on public procurement data, from large scale trends to local municipal developments.
Everyday Objects in Trauma Therapy: Examining the Material Culture of Young Refugees with the Aim of Trauma Processing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objects help us to integrate, socialise, learn, and mirror our past and self. They also represent our home, as we can take them with us when moving. What happens to our objects when this move is accompanied by the trauma of forced migration? The aim of this paper is to understand the significance of the object, the smallest physical unit of the home, in the recovery processes of trauma caused by forced migration. In parallel with a literature review, this research relies on in-depth interviews and the author’s ten years of field experience in refugee communities in Hungary, Switzerland, Belgium and Palestine. The literature review explores the importance of objects in the context of migration, highlighting the roles of them in the process of socialising with others, learning new skills, developing our own self, transforming our home and surviving a challenge. According to the literature, objects can create a safe and well known environment, they can materialise the past and culture, therefore they can help to recall memories and they can also have a significant role in reconnecting us to life, since they integrate us into new communities. According to the interviews, the coping strategies have more to do with activity and social connections and less with everyday objects due to the trauma of forced migration. Taking advantage of the general nature of objects, the coping mechanism of forced migrants and loose object attachment, objects can become a neutral tool of trauma therapy. From the results, a design therapy toolkit will be created for professionals, educators and therapists, which can support processing trauma by developing place and object attachment.
Comparative Study on Cassia fistula Versus Sodium Bicarbonate and Magnesium Hydroxide Against Lactic Acidosis in Goats

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

T he growing concern in animal welfare has ignited in- tensive attention about the living situations of production animals.The production diseases appear when mismanagement of the feed intake occurs that relatively causes primary or secondary disturbances in the metabolism (Callaghan et al., 2016).Particular interest is being levied upon nutritional diseases including lactic acidosis or ruminal acidosis.Ruminal acidosis is a metabolic disorder caused by feeding errors in the ruminants that may be manifested in acute or sub-acute form.It represents a significant economic problem due to direct effects caused by alterations in the rumen metabolism that could lead to death and indirect effects which could lead to rumenitis, liver abscess and laminitis (Penner et al., 2007).The severity of lactic acidosis development can be observed depending on the situation of previously experience in adoption of the highly fermentable diet carbohydrate-rich feed or feed intake, amount and type of ruminal microbial population (Piccione et al., 2010).The etiology of acidosis depends on two aspects; the first part is always related to sudden consumption of readily fermentable carbohydrates feed leading to change in ruminal microbial population, the second part starts with the absorption of large quantity of lactic acid into the circulating blood causing metabolic acidosis, morbidity rate of ruminal acidosis varies from 10-research
Game of Platforms: Strategic Expansion into Rival (Online) Territory

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Online platforms, such as Google, Facebook, and Amazon, are constantly expanding their activities while increasing the overlap in their service offerings. This paper asks: Is expansion into rival platforms’ services profit-maximizing when users’ platform choices endogenously change with expansion? We model an expansion game between two online platforms, both incumbents in distinct service markets, that provide their services free of charge to users and earn ad-based revenues. Platforms decide whether or not to expand by adding the service already offered by their rival. Expansion is costly and impacts users’ platform choice—namely, their choice of single- vs. multihoming, which, in turn, affects platform prices and profits derived from the advertisers’ side of the market. We demonstrate that, in equilibrium, platforms may choose not to expand. Strategic “no expansion” decisions are due to the quantity and price effects of changes in the user partition resulting from expansion. We further analyze the effects of expansion-driven changes in interplatform compatibility, expansion costs, probability of users’ ad engagement, switching costs, and intraplatform service complementarity and quality on the optimal expansion strategy. We then incorporate these considerations to derive an optimal expansion rule that can be used to guide managerial decision-making regarding expansion into a rival’s “territory.”
Getting Started

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Chapter 1 presents the neurological and psychological foundations for their approach to teaching jazz improvisation. Everyone is wired to improvise. Exposure and repetition as the foundation of learning. The role of the subconscious in improvising. The limits of teaching by rote memory. Introducing choice into the classroom. Suggested uses of the book are followed by a recommended listening list. A few tips are provided for working together in a classroom setting. The centrality of the blues in jazz. Why they have chosen to begin their sequence somewhere other than the blues. The driving question behind the book: “What did the artists we admire practice?”
Hardware Efficient Approximative Matrix Inversion for Linear Pre-Coding in Massive MIMO

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a hardware efficient linear pre-coder for Massive MIMO Base Stations (BSs) comprising a very large number of antennas, say, in the order of 100s, serving multiple users simultaneously. To avoid hardware demanding direct matrix inversions required for the Zero-Forcing (ZF) pre-coder, we use low complexity Neumann series based approximations. Furthermore, we propose a method to speed-up the convergence of the Neumann series by using tri-diagonal pre-condition matrices, which lowers the complexity even further. As a proof of concept a flexible VLSI architecture is presented with an implementation supporting matrix inversion of sizes up-to 16 × 16. In 65 nm CMOS, a throughput of 0.5M matrix inversions per sec is achieved at clock frequency of 420 MHz with a 104K gate count.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Planetary Health. A Critical Review of Epidemiology, Prevention, Clinical Characteristics and Treatments for Oral, Head and Neck Health Professionals. Do We Have a Roadmap?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is potentially the greatest global public health crisis of this century. This disease emerged as an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan, the capital city of the Hubei province in China, in December 2019. Otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons and dentists are at an increased risk of occupational disease. Objective The present review summarizes currently published evidence of Covid-19 epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment and prevention. No proven effective treatments for this disease currently exist. Data Synthesis COVID-19 started from a zoonotic transmission event associated with a large seafood market that also traded in live wild animals, and it soon became clear that efficient person-to-person transmission was also occurring. Symptoms are varied, and not all patients develop all of them. Conclusion Social distancing seems to have been successful in several places in the world. However, this recommendation alone is not enough to contain the disease, and it is not a long-term solution. Large-scale testing by health professionals of representative samples of the population may give an estimate of the progression of the disease. Different treatments are under test and bring hope of a cure to the population. However, no current treatments (April 27, 2020) have been proven to be the key to success in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Planetary health is a useful concept to understand the current drivers of this pandemic and to draw a roadmap for science and healthcare that may guide actions to fight economic depression and ensure a healthy recovery.
Performance of Jointly Optimized Prefilter-Equalizer Receivers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A linear receiver for digital communication over unknown dispersive and noisy channels obtained by jointly optimizing the prefilter and equalizer has been described by the authors in a recent paper [4]. An extension to incorporating a decision-feedback equalizer is made. Performance of the new receiver is evaluated by means of computer simulation. Comparison of the performance of the new receiver, the matched filter-equalizer receiver, and the fixed low-pass filter-equalizer receiver is made both with respect to convergence rate and error rate. It is conjectured that the new receiver exhibits performance superior to both the matched filter-equalizer receiver and the fixed low-pass filter-equalizer receiver.
Modulation of methylene carbon response intensity in long‐range heteronuclear 2D NMR chemical shift correlation spectra

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Several recent papers have dealt with the modulation of protonated carbon response intensities in long‐range heteronuclear 2D NMR chemical shift correlation spectra. Expressions describing the one‐bond modulation of the response intensity of the C‐3 methylene resonance of 6,7‐dimethoxy‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline, and the decoupling of this modulation afforded by a BIRD pulse located midway through the Δ 2 refocusing delay, are presented with experimental confirmation. Long‐range response intensities are related to the conventional heteronuclear chemical shift correlation spectrum optimized for transfer from the directly attached proton.