jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Bayesian Statistics to Answer Diverse Engineering Questions: Applications in Cancer Immunology and Engineering Education

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) refers to a mechanistic modeling approach used for assessing potential therapeutics by linking the molecular and cellular level mechanisms of the disease and therapeutic to the system-wide dynamics and clinical endpoints relevant to the disease. Although the field of QSP is still in its relative infancy, the mathematical methodology employed to predict the kinetics of these systems are not new and can be applied to a wide variety of systems. For instance, similar to QSP’s goal of guiding the development of novel therapeutics for various disease states, there exists a need to develop novel interventions in the engineering education space that can be guided using similar methodologies. This body of work aims to apply Bayesian statistics, a cornerstone methodology within QSP, in both cancer immunology and first-year engineering education. The first study focuses on four secreted factors identified in a previous study that potentially mediate immunosuppression and could become targets for novel immunotherapies. We tested for clinical correlates in existing human data and verified in vivo whether knocking out tumor cell production of these factors improved immune-mediated control of tumor growth. A kinetic analysis leveraging III a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach quantified the various knockouts’ effect on cells’ intrinsic growth rate. Key results suggest that CCN4 is a mediator of immunosuppression in the melanoma tumor microenvironment and a potential collateral immunotherapy target. The remaining two studies focus on improving the performance and retention of non-calculus ready first-year engineering students. As college readiness continues to decline, the proportion of students entering engineering programs with low mathematics proficiency is increasing. These students have lower retention rates than their calculus-ready peers. We created two first-year engineering courses, one college algebra-based course focused on improving critical thinking skills and one trigonometry-based course focused on improving metacognition skills and used Bayesian methods to analyze the impact of the intervention on various student success metrics. Students in both courses saw higher pass rates in their math course compared to the control group. Those participating in the college algebra-based intervention course saw improved critical thinking skills and increased cumulative GPA and retention in engineering. Improvement of skills in the trigonometry-based course was dependent on additional factors such as the difficulty level of the problem analyzed. Preliminary data indicates that combining these courses into a two-semester long intervention could provide improved benefit to the population of non-calculus ready engineering students and improve their success in engineering.
Effects of The Antidepressant Venlafaxine on The Expression of Peroxiredoxin-3 and Peroxiredoxin-5 Against LPS-induced Oxidative Stress in SHSY-5Y Neurons.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The main objective of this study was to examine the potential neuroprotective properties of venlafaxine, an antidepressant belonging to the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor class. Furthermore, it provides a novel insight into how venlafaxine might interact with peroxiredoxin-3 and -5 enzymes (PRDX-3 and PRDX-5), pivotal cellular antioxidant defence system components. For this purpose, human neuroblastoma (SHSY-5Y) cells were pretreated with venlafaxine (0-100 µM) for 12 h, followed by a 4 h LPS exposure (1 µg/mL) to induce oxidative stress. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay, and ROS generation was assessed by DCFH-DA assay. Protein and mRNA expression levels of PRDX-3 and PRDX-5 were determined by immunoblotting and RT-PCR, respectively. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the venlafaxine pre-treatment led to a notable reduction in intracellular ROS accumulation induced by LPS when compared to the control group (p< 0.05). In the same manner, it was observed that venlafaxine pre-treatment altered LPS-induced PRDX-3 and PRDX-5 expression in neuronal cells (p< 0.05). Our findings indicate the involvement of multifunctional PRDX-3 and PRDX-5 enzymes in the antioxidant effect of venlafaxine and suggest that further investigations into this pathway could provide valuable therapeutic contributions.
Commutative Banach Algebras Generated by Toeplitz Operators on the Bergman Space

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present and study commutative Banach algebras generated by Toeplitz operators with generalized quasi-radial pseudo-homogeneous symbols acting on the Bergman space over the unit ball. We develop the Gelfand theory of these algebras and give some structural information about them. In particular, we provide a description of the radical of these algebras. This paper generalizes and completes the results from previous works related to Toeplitz operators with quasi-radial quasi-homogeneous symbols.
Precipitation and dissolution of calcium phosphonates for the enhancement of squeeze lifetimes.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The injection of threshold scale inhibitors into subsurface formation rock, a procedure commonly called a squeeze treatment, has become the primary means for scale prevention in petroleum production systems. In many squeeze treatments, however, the scale inhibitors are released into production fluids very rapidly, resulting in inefficient use of the inhibitors and unacceptable treatment lifetimes. With scale inhibitor retention/release mechanisms governing the rate in which the inhibitors are released into produced fluids, this project focused on studying the fundamental physiochemical behavior of calcium-phosphonate precipitates in porous media. The phosphonate considered was 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), a commonly used scale inhibitor in oilfields which can precipitate with calcium present in formation waters. Critical pH values were identified that defined the conditions at which two distinct calcium-HEDP precipitates formed: (1) a highly soluble, fibrous precipitate with a calcium/HEDP molar composition of 1:1; and (2) a rather insoluble, spherical precipitate with a calcium/HEDP molar composition of 2:1. Ceramic coreflood experiments showed that the 2:1 precipitate was released into the elution fluid at a slower rate than the 1:1 precipitate, indicating that the 2:1 precipitate was more suitable for use in oil fields. Etched glass micromodel experiments, performed in conjunction with the coreflood experiments to visually examine the release of each distinct precipitate from porous media, showed that the release of 1:1 calcium-HEDP precipitate occurred in five distinct regimes while the 2:1 precipitate was governed by the hydrodynamic dissolution of the spherical particles. A continuum model, based on experimentally observed pore level dissolution mechanisms, was developed to simulate the release of both precipitates from porous media. In this model, each of the distinct release regimes was described mathematically and the conditions under which the transition between release regimes occurred were defined. A comparison between experimental data and model simulations showed excellent agreement for both precipitates. In addition, the model successfully predicted the effects that various system parameters, e.g. flowrate, had on the rate of precipitate release from porous media.
The app will see you now: mobile health, diagnosis, and the practice of medicine in Quebec and Ontario

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mobile health applications are increasingly being used as tools of medicine. Outside of the clinic, some of these applications may contribute to diagnoses made absent a physician's care. We argue that this contravenes reservations of diagnosis to healthcare professionals in the law of two Canadian provinces: Quebec and Ontario. On the one hand, the law conceives of diagnosis in relatively broad terms. Drawing an association between symptoms and illness, for example, has been recognized in case law as sufficient. On the other hand, provincial law reserves diagnosis to physicians and other healthcare professionals. We argue that a number of health applications are capable of drawing associations between symptoms and disease and, in doing so, of delivering diagnoses in contravention of the law of Quebec and Ontario. This places mobile health applications in a poorly understood legal space. While prosecution is unlikely, the increasing ubiquity and technological sophistication of health applications promises to make such diagnosis widespread. We suggest that the legal status of such mobile health apps should be given serious attention. While our analysis focuses on the state of the law in Canada's largest provinces, we suggest that our argument will have implications in other jurisdictions.
REST Web Services in Collaborative Work Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Integration of heterogeneous applications offers many benefits; as a consequence, the goal is not to try and eliminate the heterogeneity, but to help developers to master it and manage it. There have been many approaches to integrate heterogeneous technologies in the context of the Web. Most of them cannot provide a common solution because they try to solve the problem using an incomplete set of proprietary technologies. To establish a holistic, commonly accepted and standardised approach would be preferable. This paper presents a case study for the development of an integration framework in the area of collaborative work environments. This framework is based on REST Web services, and has been designed and implemented as part of the Laboranova European project.
Overview of procurement need specification and the organisation of supply chain processes to fulfil customers’ needs in South Africa

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article focuses on the procurement need specification of goods to support the operations of organisations, and how product supply chain processes are organised to fulfil customers’ procurement needs. Ten methods of procurement need specification for business purposes are dealt with. Product supply chain processes are executed as either ‘push’ or ‘pull’, or ‘push-pull’ oriented. Each of the approaches is discussed. Summaries of (a) the characteristics of the push and pull portions of supply chains; and (b) the spectrum of supply chain responses to customer demands are supplied
The Mediating Role of Turnover Intention in The Relationship Between Job Insecurity and Compulsory Citizenship Behavior: A Research in The Aviation Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this study, we proposed and tested a mediation model that examines turnover intentions as the mediators in the relationship between job insecurity and compulsory citizenship behavior. Data were collected from 213 employees of one private airline company and one private ground handling company located in İstanbul, Turkey. The results showed that job insecurity was positively related to compulsory citizenship behavior. Furthermore, turnover intention mediated the relationship between job insecurity and compulsory citizenship behavior. The implications, limitations, and future research directions are also discussed.
European Criminal Law and Brexit

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Brexit will not only affect the trade relations between the uk and the eu but also vast areas of criminal law and procedure influenced and largely formed by eu law. This is especially true in the area of police and judicial cooperation – take for example the European Arrest Warrant – where the uk has always actively participated in the drafting and implementation of the relevant legal instruments and the actual cooperation. The paper will inquire how Brexit will affect the future relationship between the uk and the eu in these areas.
Refusing to Write Like Henry James: Women Reforming Realism in Fin-de-Siècle America1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In her novel Roger Hunt (1892)—a novel of near Jamesian nuance and irony—Celia Parker Woolley incorporates a scene in which a handful of characters engage in “psychological analysis” (35) of the eponymous antihero: a brilliant but unscrupulous egotist who has abandoned his alcoholic wife and persuaded a naïve, infatuated young woman to unite with him in a bigamous marriage. Following several pages of discussion of the scandalous incident and its perpetrator, Kitty Somers, Hunt’s long-time fri...
Assessing cardiotoxicity in randomised trials of anthracycline chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chemotherapy has improved survival in many types of cancer. However, it can lead to a range of toxic side effects that can occur while the patient is on treatment but may also appear months or years later. One of the more serious harmful side-effects of chemotherapy is heart disease and anthracycline chemotherapy is particularly implicated in this. Observational studies have shown that the risk of congestive heart failure in anthracycline treated patients rises rapidly after cumulative doses of about 400 mg/m2, but that there is also some risk below this dose. This thesis explored several methodological issues that affect meta-analyses of harms. First meta-analyses of harms often include terms for those harms in their search strategies. Evaluation of a trial search including cardiac terms against the trial list maintained by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group showed that only 48% of their trials were found. After cardiac terms were removed from the search strategy, 87% of the EBCTCG trials were found. Second, anthracycline cardiotoxicity is often not reported in a manner that enables data to be extracted for meta-analyses. To address this, risk of outcome reporting bias in trials included in this thesis was assessed. There was a high risk of outcome reporting bias for cardiac morbidity in 50% of trials, and 35% of trials had high risk of outcome reporting bias for cardiac mortality. Third, previous meta-analyses of anthracycline cardiotoxicity included only a limited number of trials. In order to increase the amount of information about anthracycline cardiotoxicity available for meta-analysis, a method was devised for including confounded trials in the meta-analysis, taking into account prior knowledge as to the likely effect of other drugs on cardiotoxicity. Finally, published and individual patient data meta-analyses of cardiac death in randomised trials of anthracycline versus not were undertaken. The published data meta-analysis included 32 trials, 9 of which were unconfounded, and found a 36% (95% CI 1-83%) increased risk of cardiac death in anthracycline-allocated patients compared to those not allocated to anthracycline. No conclusions could be drawn about the effect of confounder drugs on the risk of cardiac death. A meta-analysis grouped by lower and higher dose showed that there was a statistically significant increase in risk of cardiac death in anthracycline allocated patients compared to those not allocated anthracyclines in the higher dose group only (OR=1.74, 95%CI 1.15 – 2.62). In conclusion, this thesis has generated new insights into the methods used for meta-analyses of harms. It has also produced a new risk estimate of cardiac death in anthracycline-treated patients that clinicians can use to inform their treatment decisions.
The Congressional Leadership Dilemma

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Previous theories assume that congressional party leaders internalize the welfare of the parties they lead. Accordingly, existing work deemphasizes the role of agency problems in explaining the conditions under which parties grant more political resources to their leaders. To show how agency problems can still arise even when the party leader wants only to maximize collective goods and stay in office, I offer a model that borrows two ideas from models of political accountability: leaders vary in quality and giving the leader more resources makes it more difficult to remove her. The model implies that the party faces a tradeoff between maximizing the leader’s capacity to produce collective goods and preserving its ability to remove low-quality leaders from office. This theory offers novel predictions, integrates existing results as implications of a single theory, and explains why the leader’s resources sometimes change even as the political context remains the same (JEL D72: Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior).
9. Causation and remoteness of damage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses the final ‘hurdle’ for the claimant to overcome in the tort of negligence—causation. The claimant must prove that their injuries were caused by the defendant’s actions in both fact and law. To establish cause in fact, the claimant must show, on the balance of probabilities, that the defendant’s breach caused their harm. Tests for cause in law encompass a remoteness test (which involves establishing whether the damage that occurred was foreseeable to the defendant at the time of the negligence). It is the type of harm that must be foreseeable, not its extent. The last part of the test is to ask whether any intervening acts (acts that occurred after the defendant’s breach) broke the chain of causation. If so, the defendant will not be liable.
A modern approach to born reciprocity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In the early twentieth century, Max Born attempted to develop a theory he called the principle of reciprocity‚ÄövÑvp. He observed that many formulae of physics remain unchanged under the following transformation of space-time coordinates and momentum-energy variables: x\\(^˜í¬¿\\) ‚Äövúv¿ p\\(^˜í¬¿\\); p\\(^˜í¬¿\\) ‚Äövúv¿ ‚ÄövÑvÆx\\(^˜í¬¿\\). Examples include Hamilton's equations and Heisenberg's commutation relations. Born's attempts to expand this observation to a general theory were largely unsuccessful. More recently, Stephen Low has made use of the group theoretical methods of Eugene Wigner, Valentine Bargmann and George Mackey to study a group which possesses Born reciprocity as an intrinsic symmetry, called the \quaplectic group\" \\(Q\\)(1 3). This involves the postulation of a new fundamental constant: the maximum rate of change of momentum (or maximum force) - denoted by \\(b\\). It also involves a new space-time-momentum-energy line element: ds\\(^2\\) = ‚Äöv†v¿dt\\(^2\\) + 1/c\\(^2\\)dx\\(^2\\) + 1/b\\(^2\\)(dp\\(^2\\) ‚Äöv†v¿ 1/c\\(^2\\)de\\(^2\\)) which remains invariant under quaplectic transformations. In this work we consider the different contraction limits of the quaplectic group in analogy to the contraction of the Poincare group to the Galilei group in the limit c ‚Äövúv¿ ‚Äöv†vª . In particular the quaplectic group contracts to the Poincare group in the limit b ‚Äövúv¿ ‚Äöv†vª (under the constraint that the reference frames must be inertial) and to the Hamilton group - the group of non-inertial classical mechanics - in the limit b c ‚Äövúv¿ ‚Äöv†vª. For the compact group \\(Q\\)(2) acting on two dimensional Euclidean space we consider the branching rules and use the \\(P^2\\) Casimir operator of the Euclidean subgroup to label states. We consider the implications of Born reciprocity to the Schr‚àö‚àÇdinger-Robertson inequality concluding that the covariance matrix ‚Äöv†v´ is quaplectic invariant and that physically distinct semi-classical limits of two different but unitarily-equivalent minimal uncertainty states must be related by a unitary transformation which does not belong to the quaplectic group. Finally we explore the worldline quantisation of a system invariant under reciprocal relativity finding that the square of the energy-momentum tensor is continuous over the entire real line. The resulting states therefore include tachyonic and null states as well as massless states of continuous spin which cannot be projected out in the current formulation. These states are discussed along with the massive states."
Parental Alcoholism in Opioid Addicts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Using the family history method, the authors examined the relationships of parental alcoholism to alcoholism, depression, and antisocial personality disorder among 638 opioid addicts. It was concluded that, compared to addicts without parental alcoholism; addicts with parental alcoholism were more frequently concurrent alcoholics; addicts with parental alcoholism not only had alcoholism more often, but also depression and antisocial personality disorder; among alcoholic addicts, those with parental alcoholism had more severe problems with alcohol abuse; and addicts with parental alcoholism reported more disruptive childhood events. The independent additive effects of disruptive childhood events and parental alcoholism on the severity of addict disorders including alcoholism were also examined. Although alcoholic addicts had experienced more disruptive childhood events than nonalcoholic addicts, these events did not substantially contribute to increasing the severity of alcohol-related problems. Similar results were obtained for depression and antisocial behaviors in these addicts. The conclusions concerning addicts supported some of those described for "familial alcoholism" among nonaddict alcoholics, but other characteristics of alcoholics with familial alcoholism were not found among addicts.
Regulation, Institutionalized Ethics and the Therapeutic Frame

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter explains the concept of integrated therapy (IT) and refers to any practice involving more than one model of therapy. Some would say that processes and styles may vary, but essentially all therapeutic relationships are similar, being about the giving of time, space and therapeutic attention to a client for a period of professionalized' time. Statutory regulation (SR) was frequently proposed for the psychological therapies, while voluntary regulation (VR) remained the Government's preferred choice for the complementary therapies. Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) took over psychology first, with the dominant British Psychological Society (BPS) acquiescing without so much as a whimper. The 2010 General Election brought a coalition Government with both the Conservative and Liberal Democrat parties espousing light tough regulation generally, including for the therapy field. NICE appears superficially benign and helpful, but the practical application is notoriously biased towards drug treatment and the use of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) based psychological therapies.