jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PARTICIPATION BY OLDER PEOPLE IN EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the previous article (Tobias, 1991), 1 presented a wide range of findings on the participation of older people in educational activities in New Zealand, which derived from survey research undertaken in the 1970s. In the conclusion of that article, I raised a number of questions and suggested that explanations and interpretations of the findings were problematic. How, for example, does one explain the lower rates of educational participation among older people? How does one explain the finding that, whereas 1 in 3 respondents 65 years and older expressed an interest in participation, only 1 in 18 had in fact participated during the previous year? I noted that there are no easy answers to these questions, and argued that different theoretical perspectives suggest different kinds of explanations and stress different sets of factors. One purpose of this article is to identify the variety of factors and to examine a range of theoretical perspectives. A second purpose is to examine some of the implications for policy and program development. THE SEARCH FOR EXPLANATIONS The Impact of Historical Changes One set of factors that may partially account for the differences in the patterns of participation and interest of younger and older adults arises out of the historical changes in the field of education in New Zealand over the past 50 to 60 years. These have resulted, among other things, in a significantly larger percentage of younger adults receiving a longer period of initial education and obtaining higher levels of educational qualifications than their elders. Thus, in the New Zealand survey, whereas 85.3% of respondents under 65 years had proceeded beyond a primary or Form 2 level of education, only 36.5% of those 65 and older had proceeded beyond this level. A large number of studies have demonstrated a high positive correlation between levels of initial education and educational participation during adulthood. In view of this, it may be argued that differences in rates of participation and interest between younger and older adults may be partially explained by the differences in the early educational opportunities available to successive population cohorts, as well as differences in the level of provision of secondary and continuing education.
Murakami’s eclectic style

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article analyzes some of the features of Murakami’s writing that are characterized by an eclectic style. One of the most read contemporary prose writer is Haruki Murakami who managed to suspend the border between „high” and „pure” by his works that characterized Japanese literature by tradition and, from „common” and „ordinary”, it made possible thematic „pretexts” for Romanian text. And the international success of the books is due to the specific rhythm of his prose that have broken the barriers between East and West. The fiction word of Murakami’s work is an eclectic and postmodern one and it harmoniously amalgamates elements of surrealism, realism, fantasy, science fiction and pop culture.
Bringing mycobacterial secretion inhibitors to maturation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide. With the increasing rate of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, there is an urgent need for development of novel effective drugs to combat against this disease. In this thesis, we initially introduced about the type VII ESX-5 system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and explained why this system is a good candidate for development of new anti-tubercular drugs. We established an assay to screen for potential compounds targeting this ESX-5 system. In the end, two hits were selected and further characterized. Moreover, special properties of anti-tubercular drugs including whether these drugs are prodrugs or their in vivo activities were further investigated and emphasized. In the end, we identified potential anti-tubercular compounds with promising activities that can progress into further pre-clinical studies, clinical phases and possible treatment of human tuberculosis in the future.
Impaired insulin response after oral but not intravenous glucose in heart- and liver-transplant recipients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

First-pass hepatic glucose extraction is decreased after heart and liver transplant. Insulin secretion elicited by oral, but not intravenous glucose, is significantly reduced in both groups of patients. There was no difference between liver- and heart-transplant recipients, indicating that hepatic denervation was not involved. These data suggest an impairment in the beta-cell response to neural factors or incretin hormones secondary to immunosuppressive treatment.
Can suspicion for malignancy improve the indication of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in patients with pleural effusion of unknown cause?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: VATS is the investigation of choice for pleural effusions when diagnostic thoracentesis is inconclusive, with sensitivity rates of approximately 95% for malignancy. Nevertheless, in about half of the patients undergoing VATS, pleural biopsy does not demonstrate malignancy. Objectives: to describe the efficiency of VATS in the workup of pleural effusions of unknown etiology in our setting and to identify clinical, radiological and biochemical parameters allowing differentiation between malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions. Methods: retrospective study of patients with pleural effusion who underwent VATS for diagnostic purposes, between 2005 and 2016 at Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa. We considered demographic data, medical history, clinical symptoms, radiological features and pleural fluid analysis. Results: 117 patients were included; 78 (67%) men; mean age 69 years (SD 14). VATS demonstrated malignancy in 58 patients (49.6%). Variables associated with malignancy included younger age (66.5 vs 72, p = 0.03), symptomatic period ≥ 1 month (77% vs 55%, p = 0.02), presence of pulmonary or pleural masses on chest CT (60% vs 27%, p = 0.000), and higher LDH pleural fluid levels (796 vs 586, p = 0.003). Bilateral effusions (10.5 % vs 34%, p= 0.03) and presence of pericardial effusion (3.5% vs 24%, p = 0.002) were associated with non-malignant pleural effusions. Conclusions: VATS demonstrated malignancy in nearly half of the patients. Younger age, symptomatic period ≥ 1 month, pulmonary or pleural masses on chest CT and higher LDH pleural fluid levels were more frequent among patients with malignant pleural effusion.
Brazoide E, a New Alkaloid and Other Compounds from Justicia wasshauseniana (Acanthaceae)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new alkaloid, named brazoide E (6), three known steroids (campesterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol), two glucosides (3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylsitosterol and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl stigmasterol) and sucrose were isolated from the leaves and stems of Justicia wasshauseniana. Their structures were characterized using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. To reinforce the structural proposal, an acetylated derivative (6a) was obtained and its data compared to 6. Moreover, circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) analysis was performed to determine the absolute stereochemistry, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) at the wB97X-D/def2-TZVP level, adopting functionals M06-2X and wB97X-D and base aug-cc-pVDZ, was employed to confirm the CD analysis.
A Study on the Accuracy and Validity of Fifth and Sixth Grade Elementary School Physical Education Authorized Textbooks

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

본 연구의 목적은 '2015 개정 교육과정'에 의거하여 개발보급된 8개 출판사, 16종의 5,6학년 체육과 검정교과서 도 전, 경쟁 영역의 내용 정확성과 타당성을 분석하는 것이다. 주된 연구방법은 범주화 매트릭스를 통한 질적 내용분석 이며 주관적 해석의 편견과 연구의 진실성을 확보하기 위해 3명의 현장교사와 전문가 협의를 거쳤다. 연구결과 경기 규칙과 방법, 동작수행 및 상황에 따른 삽화와 사진의 정확성과 교육과정, 운동지식과 학생수준에 관한 내용지식의 타당성으로 범주화되었다. 삽화와 사진 분석에서 운동원리와 규칙이 올바르게 시각화되지 않는 사례들을 발견할 수 있었으며 동작수행과 상황에서 부자연스러운 동작과 장면, 텍스트와 괴리된 시각자료, 안전하지 않은 학습환경 등의 정보를 볼 수 있었다. 내용지식의 타당성에서는 체육과의 영역과 교과역량과의 관계가 일관되지 않아 교과서 개발 설계 단계에서 재개념화의 필요성을 언급하였다. 또한 학생이 학습 후 할 수 있거나 할 수 있기를 기대하는 능력 또 는 도달점이라는 2015 개정 교육과정 내용체계의 ‘기능’을 수업절차의 단계로 인식하는 것은 국가수준 교육과정에 서 의도한 ‘기능’의 개념을 곡해하는 것이라고 논의하였다. 질 높은 체육과 검정 교과서 개발을 위해서는 개발 과정 에 현장적합성 검토 과정을 거치고 심의과정에서 내용의 정확성과 타당성을 강화한 검정기준 마련이 시급하다.
Experiences of Parents of Children with Autism in Online Health Information Seeking: A Qualitative Study (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

With the development of medical treatment, according to current research, there is an increasing trend of children with autism. Parents of children with autism are their main caregivers. With the deep integration of information technology and the health field, the Internet has become the preferred channel for obtaining health information due to its rich resources, convenient use and concealment, attracting more patients and their caregivers to participate in the online health information search process to assist health decision-making.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to elucidate the psychological experiences of parents of children with autism during their online health information searches. The findings are intended to inform the development of targeted intervention strategies by clinical healthcare providers.

METHODS

Semi-structured interviews were utilized to delve into the online health information search behaviors of parents of children with autism, capturing their subjective experiences.

RESULTS

Analysis revealed three primary themes: Positive experiences of parents participating in online health information searches (promoting cognitive changes about the disease, convenient access to effective disease information, alleviating personal psychological anxiety); Negative experiences of online health information searches (fatigue caused by information overload, helplessness in decision-making due to homogenized information);Further expectations for online health search behavior.

CONCLUSIONS

The current online health information search experiences of parents of children with autism are suboptimal and require enhancement. There is a critical need to develop specialized online platforms that cater to the diverse needs of these parents.
Cosmological consequences of a scalar field with oscillating equation of state: A possible solution to the fine-tuning and coincidence problems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We propose a new dark energy model for solving the cosmological fine-tuning and coincidence problems. A default assumption is that the fine-tuning problem disappears if we do not interpret dark energy as vacuum energy. The key idea to solving the coincidence problem is that the Universe may have several acceleration phases across the whole cosmic history. The specific example we study is a quintessence model with approximately repeated double exponential potential, which only introduces one Planck scale parameter and three dimensionless parameters of order unity. The cosmological background evolution equations can be recast into a four-dimensional dynamical system and its main properties are discussed in details. Preliminary calculations show that our model is able to explain the observed cosmic late-time acceleration.
Attitude estimation based on inertial and position measurements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Attitude estimation arises in many applications, and is crucial for the aerospace and aeronautic industry. A classical approach to perform the attitude estimation is via Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data and a set of measured observation vectors, both in the object and inertial reference frame. The attitude estimation can be then formulated as a constrained least-squares problem. As a possible alternative, attitude estimation can be performed using IMU data and a set of measured positions, hence removing the need for observation vectors. Attitude estimation based on IMU and position measurements is already undergoing industrial research. However, the underlying estimation problem does not necessarily admit a unique solution, and can therefore degenerate depending on the object trajectories. This paper theoretically investigates this approach to attitude estimation, and provides a simple, explicit relationship between the standard deviation of the attitude estimation and the object trajectories, which is independent of the choice of parametrization of the special orthogonal group SO(3).
[A Case of Recurrent Esophagogastric Junction Cancer Responding to Trastuzumab].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of recurrent esophagogastric junction cancer successfully treated with chemotherapy including trastuzumab. A 66-year-old man reporting black stool was examined, and through upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was found to have a tumor at the esophagogastric junction. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery of the esophagus with 3-field lymph node dissection was performed. The final diagnosis was adenocarcinoma(tub1-pap-muc), pT3N3M0, pStage III C. The tumor was at the squamo-columnar junction and classified as Siewert type II . Following surgery, 6 months of adjuvant therapy with S-1 was administered. Computed tomography(CT)confirmed metastases in the lung, liver, and recurrence in the reconstructed stomach. In spite of chemoradiotherapy(FP plus RT)and weekly PTX, these metastases had grown. Pathological examinationshowed overexpressionof humanepidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2), and treatment with CPT- 11 plus trastuzumab was initiated at postoperative 15 months. A partial response was achieved 3 months later. The lesions in the lung, liver, and reconstructed stomach were controlled with this therapy, but he died from meningeal seeding at postoperative 20 months. These findings suggest that inclusion of trastuzumab in chemotherapy regimens is effective for recurrent HER2-positive esophagogastric junction cancers.
CITIZENSHIP, WAR, AND THE ORIGINS OF INTERNATIONAL ETHICS IN AMERICAN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, 1960–1975

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This article examines a series of debates about civil disobedience, conscription, and the justice of war that took place among American liberal philosophers, lawyers, and activists during the civil rights movement and the Vietnam War. It argues that these debates fundamentally reshaped American political philosophy, by shifting the focus from the welfare state to the realm of international politics. In order to chart this transition from the domestic to the international, this article focuses on the writings of two influential political theorists, John Rawls and Michael Walzer. The turn to international politics in American political philosophy has its origins, in part, in their arguments about domestic citizenship. In tracing these origins, this article situates academic philosophical arguments alongside debates among the American public at large. It offers a first account of the history of analytical political philosophy during the 1960s and 1970s, and argues that the role played by the Vietnam War in this history, though underappreciated, is significant.
Assessments of training need of sweet orange growers in Marathwada region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Present study was purposively conducted in Nanded districts because this district occupies highest area under sweet orange.The district consist 16 talukas, out of that Bhokar and Nanded taluka was chosen purposively based on maximum area under cultivation.Six villages from each taluka were selected thus, total 12 village were selected from the talukas.The respondents were selected those having he sweet orange garden of at least 5 years old.From each village 10 sweet orange growers were selected randomly.Near about half of the respondent (45.84 %) were educated upto primary education, with (40.90 %) of semi-medium land holding, 83.33 per cent had medium annual income, 65.83 per cent had medium economic motivation, respondents 60.00 per cent had medium social participation, 72.50 per cent had medium extension contact, 63.34 per cent were in medium category of use of sources of information, 72.50 per cent had medium risk preference, respondents 74.16 per cent had medium market orientation, (63.34 %) had medium farming experience, 66.66 per cent were having the orchard of 11-15 years old age, 63.33 per cent found in medium level of training needs.This might be due to satisfactory level of knowledge and skill of the respondents about sweet orange plantation.extension contact, land holding, annual income, risk preference, economic motivation social participation and market orientation this variables had positive but non-significant relationship with training need.
Performance evaluation of container-based virtualization for high performance computing environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Virtualization technologies have evolved along with the development of computational environments. Virtualization offered needed features at that time such as isolation, accountability, resource allocation, resource fair sharing and so on. Novel processor technologies bring to commodity computers the possibility to emulate diverse environments where a wide range of computational scenarios can be run. Along with processors evolution, developers have implemented different virtualization mechanisms exhibiting enhanced performance from previous virtualized environments. Recently, operating system-based virtualization technologies captured the attention of communities abroad because their important improvements on performance area. In this paper, the features of three container-based operating systems virtualization tools (LXC, Docker and Singularity) are presented. LXC, Docker, Singularity and bare metal are put under test through a customized single node HPL-Benchmark and a MPI-based application for the multi node testbed. Also the disk I/O performance, Memory (RAM) performance, Network bandwidth and GPU performance are tested for the COS technologies vs bare metal. Preliminary results and conclusions around them are presented and discussed.
Soviet Public Opinion and the Effectiveness of Party Ideological Work

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Comprehensive and centralized control of the means ofcommunication has been a hallmark of Soviet party rule since earlyin the existence of the regime.1 The party's monopoly over what aSoviet writer has called "the ideological process" covers theelaboration of theory, guidance of culture, and politicaleducation and communication.2 The latter functions are performedby a dense and differentiated network of oral, print, andbroadcast media, all under the immediate direction of territorialparty commitees situated in each administrative jurisdiction ofthe country. Through them, the leadership endeavors to shapepopular consciousness and to prevent the dissemination of facts orideas antithetical to the regime's doctrinally-based legitimacy.
Stratigraphy, Structure, and Depositional Environments of Upper Cretaceous Rocks in the Vicinity of the Superconducting Super Collider, Northern Ellis County, Texas

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract It is a maxim in geology that the soil and its underlying rocks forecast to the trained eye the character of the inhabitants, their number, and the quality of the civilization of those who will in time occupy it. Indeed, so close are the relations between man and geology, that the law is plain and fixed that a new country may have its outlines of history written, when first looked upon; and it is not, as many suppose, one of those deep, abstruse subjects, that must be relegated to a few investigators and thinkers, whilst to the practical masses it shall be as a sealed book. The youth of the country may learn the important outlines of geology, and apply the inevitable laws of that science obtained thereby to their own localities, with no more trouble than to master the multiplication table; nor need they be possessed of any extraordinary attainments other than those required to understand a few of the technicalities of the study, which they will find as entertaining as profitable. Ellis County Historical Museum, 1972 (1892 History of Ellis County, Chapter V, p. 48)
An Experimental Analysis on Latency Improvement of Cloud-Based Fleet Management System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the Cloud-based Fleet Management System (FMS) which increases the operation efficiency of the mining companies. By relocating the FMS servers from the isolated mining sites to the cloud, benefits such as fast initial deployment, extended accessibility, and remote dispatching can be achieved. A prototype with WAN acceleration technology is established between Canada and Japan. It confirmed the feasibility of the cloud-based FMS through response time evaluation.