jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of FYM, biofertilizers and zinc on nitrogen uptake by maize crop

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of FYM, biofertilizers (Azotobacter and VAM) and zinc on uptake of nitrogen by maize during two consecutive years of 2006-07 and 2007-08 at Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur.Application of FYM, biofertilizers and zinc significantly increased nitrogen uptake by maize.Combined use of FYM and biofertilizers significantly increased nitrogen uptake by maize and combined use of FYM and Zn also significantly increased the nitrogen uptake by maize.
Developing Positioning For BNI as an International Bank (Focusing on Trade Finance Transactions)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Following the direction from the Minister of SOEs to be an international bank, BNI revised one of its missions to strengthen international services to support the needs from our global business partner. BNI keeps making changes and improvements to be an international bank. Nevertheless, BNI is still in the second rank of the market share in international transactions. This thesis aims to develop a strong position for BNI as an international bank, focusing on trade finance transactions, as it’s the biggest contributor in terms of revenue in the international division.
Low Temperature Carbonizaton of Poor Coal Powder by Narrow Oven

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

(1) 劣質粉炭として主として三池沈澱粉および山野, 田川地方の煽石類をとりあげ, これを塊状化する方法として, Disco法, 煉炭法に引つづいてBrennstoff-Technik法にならつて狭幅炉による低温乾溜を行つた。(2) 炉幅170mm, 装炭量20kgの電気炉を用い, 炉壁温度650℃で約8hr乾溜した。(3) 煽石類20～40%, 三池沈澱粉80～60%の配合の時, よりよい低温コークスがえられ, これはガス発生用ないし家庭用に使用することができる。
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of four glucagon‐like peptide‐1 or glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists for the treatment of adult patients with overweight and obesity in China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims To evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of liraglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, benaglutide, and lifestyle management for the treatment of obesity from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. Materials and Methods This study gathered clinical trial data from literature reviews of each treatment strategy for patients with obesity without diabetes, and efficacy data were synthesized using network meta‐analysis. The data were subsequently incorporated into an constructed Markov model to simulate the lifetime treatment trajectory of patients, with a cycle length of one year. The model integrated epidemiological data from China, clinical efficacy, treatment costs, and utilities, calculating the total treatment costs and quality‐adjusted life years, followed by incremental cost‐effectiveness analysis. The willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) threshold was set at three times the per capita gross domestic product (GDP), amounting to $37 067.75. Sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis were performed. Results The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios compared to lifestyle management for benaglutide, liraglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide (10 mg), and tirzepatide (15 mg) were $227 355.26, $47 994.81, $42 818.20, $72 380.49, and $89 147.19. The base‐case results indicated that, under the WTP threshold, none of the four glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) or glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP‐1RA therapies were cost‐effective compared with lifestyle management. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, under the WTP threshold, lifestyle management was the most likely to be cost‐effective. Scenario analysis showed that, in the severe obesity patient population and in first‐tier cities in China, semaglutide is the most cost‐effective treatment option. Conclusions GLP‐1 RA or GIP/GLP‐1RA are not cost‐effective for obesity treatment in China currently. Nevertheless, semaglutide exhibits relatively favourable economic potential across multiple subgroups.
GLUT1 Deficiency Syndrome and the Ketogenic Dietary Therapies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract In the fed state, the human brain relies entirely on glucose for energy metabolism. Glucose entry into the brain is exclusively mediated by the facilitated glucose transporter protein type 1 (GLUT1). Impaired glucose transport into the brain resulting from GLUT1 deficiency will cause a cerebral “energy crisis,” particularly in the young, because the developing brain requires three to four times more energy than the adult brain. Clinical features of GLUT1 deficiency are global developmental delay, early-onset epilepsy, and a complex movement disorder. In suspected cases, a lumbar puncture should be performed in a metabolic steady state following a 4- to 6-hr fast. In GLUT1 deficiency, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose concentrations usually are &lt; 50 mg/dl. GLUT1 deficiency is treatable only by means of a ketogenic diet, which provides ketone bodies as an alternative fuel for brain energy metabolism. The majority of patients with GLUT1 deficiency show immediate and continuing seizure control during ketogenic diet treatment.
Improved Energy and Communication for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network Based Location Estimation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: The area of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is garnering an increasing attention from researchers due to its broad potential for exploring and harnessing oceanic sources of interest. Because of the need for real-time remote data monitoring, underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have become a popular choice. The restricted availability and nonrechargeability of energy resources, as well as the relative inaccessibility of deployed sensor nodes for energy replenishment, forced the development of many energy optimization approaches un the UASN. Clustering is an example of a technology that improves system scalability while also lowering energy consumption. Due to the unstable underwater environment, coverage and connectivity are two important features that determine the proper detection and communication of events of interest in UWSN. A sensor network consists of several nodes that are low in cost and have a battery with low capacity. In wireless sensor networks, knowing the position of a specific device in the network is a critical challenge. Many wireless systems require location information from mobile nodes. Keywords: MAC, Communication cost, IDV-Hop algorithm, Localization, Ranging error, unconstrained optimization, Wireless sensor network, Distributed Least Square
Entomo-epidemiological investigations on chikungunya outbreak in the Lakshadweep islands, Indian Ocean.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is concluded that the routine campaigns need to be organized regularly within the community highlighting the potential breeding grounds of mosquitoes and the possible control methods. Source reduction strategies like destruction of coconut shells and rodent-devoured coconuts by burning or by burying them inside the ground. Ae. albopictus played major role as the vector mosquitoes responsible for the chikungunya transmission.
Bis[μ-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide-κ2N1,N3]disilver(I) bis(perchlorate)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the title compound, [Ag2(C8H6N4OS)2](ClO4)2, each AgI center in the centrosymmetric dinuclear complex cation is coordinated by one pyridine N and a thia­diazole N atom of two inversion-related N-(1,3,4-thia­diazol-2-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide ligands in an almost linear geometry [Ag—N = 2.187 (3) and 2.172 (3) Å, and N—Ag—N = 171.8 (1)°]. Weak Ag⋯Ag and Ag–perchlorate inter­actions, together with π–π stacking inter­actions, link the complex cations along the a axis to form a ribbon.
Near-field microwave microscopy of nanometer-scale metal layers on dielectric substrates

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A near-field microwave microscope based on a semiconductor Gunn-diode autodyne oscillator with a probe fabricated using a microcoaxial-waveguide junction with a microcoaxial section whose central conductor extends beyond its outer conductor. The possibility of high-spatial-resolution visualization of the relief and electrical properties of the surface of a ceramic plate with a deposited nanometer-scale metal layer is demonstrated using the autodyne near-field microwave microscope in the mode of direct access to the object to be scanned and in the mode of subsurface probing.
Lightning Effects Relating to Aircraft. Part II. Characteristics of Simulated Lightning Flashes and Their Effects on Lightning Arresters and Avionic Equipment.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Measurements were made of the degree to which a lightning arrester could limit the voltage on avionic equipment when an external lightning arrester was struck by a simulated lightning stroke. The tests show that breakdown is not an instantaneous affair, but rather takes many microseconds. Measurements taken near a point which is struck indicate that the air around any protrusions will be in a state of electrical breakdown whenever the electrical field strength at the aircraft surface approaches 100 kV/meter. Electrical discharges tend to limit the field strength to that value, thus defining the electrical environment to which the avionics equipment is subjected. Data is presented showing how the impedance affects the voltages impressed on avionic equipment before the spark gaps in the protecting lightning arrester break down. Measurements were made of the spectral density of radiation from long electrical arcs used to simulate lightning strokes to aircraft. The relative amplitude at different frequencies seems to agree with that observed from natural lightning, falling at a 1/f rate in the vicinity of 1 MHz. (Author-PL)
الحوار الندائي وملامح الحوار القرآني Dialogues and Features of Quranic dialogue

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The most prominent wise and eloquent method used by the Qur’an is dialogue. The Qur’an follows the method of dialogue to reach the truth for mental persuasion and self-satisfaction, the Quran contains a diverse number of dialogues including the prophet's dialogues, and the wise people's dialogues, The Qur’an follow dialogue methods, The dialogues in the Qur’an have various types of attitudes ranging from criticism, alteration, trials, and reforms whose latter samples are manifested in the prophets’ dialogue with their people, so we see the verses filled with examples and dialogue until almost we never find any surah was devoid of the dialogue of the prophets, peace be upon them, with his people. And the proves his message through dialogues. The topic of the article was chosen due to its importance and its impact on guiding and building human behaviour, because the dialogue has a strong impact on deciding religious issues, because of the importance and need of the topic in the current time to awaken the link of believers with each other. The research results concluded that the Qur’anic dialogue has great importance because it has origins and rules for conducting it with others.
Death of microbial cells: rate constant calculations

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The previously published procedure for calculation of rate constants associated with the death of microbial cells is shown to be so sensitive to variation in experimental data as to render it impractical for this application. The only obvious modification to the published procedure met with only limited success. It is concluded that a fresh search should be undertaken for the solution to this fundamental problem. The success of such further attempts may depend upon an alternative description of the normal probability integral rather than upon refined experimentation.
Mapping breast cancer blood flow index, composition, and metabolism in a human subject using combined diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging and diffuse correlation spectroscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging (DOSI) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) are model-based near-infrared (NIR) methods that measure tissue optical properties (broadband absorption, ? a , and reduced scattering, ? s ? ) and blood flow (blood flow index, BFI), respectively. DOSI-derived ? a values are used to determine composition by calculating the tissue concentration of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin ( HbO 2 , HbR), water, and lipid. We developed and evaluated a combined, coregistered DOSI/DCS handheld probe for mapping and imaging these parameters. We show that uncertainties of 0.3 ?? mm ? 1 (37%) in ? s ? and 0.003 ?? mm ? 1 (33%) in ? a lead to ? 53 % and 9% errors in BFI, respectively. DOSI/DCS imaging of a solid tissue-simulating flow phantom and
Increasing Student Confidence and Knowledge through Student Presentations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this action research study of a 9th grade Algebra classroom, I investigated the influence of having students present homework solutions and what effect it had on student learning and student confidence. Students were asked to present solutions to homework problems each day and were rated on how well they did. The students were also surveyed about their confidence and feelings about mathematics. Students were also observed for information about who they asked questions of when presented with a math problem they did not understand. In this classroom, two teachers were involved in instruction and this study examines what affect this had on student learning and who was asked for help. As a result of presentations, students’ confidence increased and students reacted positively to both the presentations and their own mathematical learning. The students felt the presentations were a benefit to the class and watching their peers solve mathematical equations helped them to better understand the mathematics.
An In-Depth Analysis of Tsallis Statistics: π ±, K ± Mesons, and Pp Baryon in Inelastic Pp Collisions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This study explores the inelastic doubly differential transverse momentum spectra of the primary charged particles, (π + + π − ), (K + + K − ) and (pp̄) as a function of underlying event √ (UE) at s = 13 T eV . The particle production is measured on the basis of different angular regions like toward, transverse and away, elucidated with respect to the direction of leading particle of an event. To study the thermal freeze-out parameters, the non extensive Tsallis distribution function is used, to extract the temperature Tef f , and chemical potential µ, which provides a basis to explain the QCD matter. The Tsallis distribution function clearly describes transverse momentum spectra in pseudorapidity region of |η| &lt; 0.8. The best fit corresponds to minimum χ2 /ndf value for the transverse momentum distribution. It is observed that effective temperature Tef f changes from away to towards and forward region.
Balloonborne Lidar Experiment.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The object of this contract was to design a balloonborne lidar experiment capable of performing nightime atmospheric density measurements in the 10 to 40 km altitude domain with a resolution of 100 meters. The payload includes a frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser with outputs at 353 and 1064 nm, a telescoped receiver with PMT detectors, a command-controlled optical pointing system, and support systems, including thermal control, telemetry, command, and power. Density measurements would be made using the back-scattered 353 nm radiation data with aerosol corrections obtained from 1064 nm radiation scatterings. (Author)
Understanding the mechanisms of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) grooming behaviour in relation to its effectiveness as a defence against Varroa destructor

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The parasitic mite Varroa destructor is a major driver of global honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony losses. The grooming behaviour of bees is a social immunity trait that provides some resistance to varroa. However, the biological mechanisms of the behaviour remain poorly understood, and thus selective breeding for grooming currently relies on imperfect, often indirect measures, such as mite mortality rate or mite damage. This study aimed to elucidate the different mechanisms involved in grooming behaviour by bees, leading to improved breeding methods. I first compared the sensitivity of individual bees from high- and low-grooming colonies after a stimulus of varroa or an alternative stimulus of chalk dust applied to different body regions. I found that high-grooming bees, selected using both the mite mortality rate and rate of mite damage, had heightened responses to both varroa and to chalk dust applied to the head or thorax body regions, compared to unstimulated control bees, and that bees from the low-grooming colonies showed no difference among treatment groups. Further, when high-grooming colonies were selected only based on mite mortality, bees still showed heightened responses to chalk dust on the thorax, however, the responses of bees to mites were not different than control bees. Although chalk dust was a useful alternative irritant to use in place of mites in assays, the increased sensitivity to varroa in the high-grooming bees with high mite damage showed that the use of live varroa in assays may help select for colonies with more precise sensitivities to varroa. Second, I studied high- and low-grooming cohorts of caged bees, examining their responses to varroa and chalk dust. I quantified auto-grooming, allo-grooming, grooming invitation dances, trophallaxis, and acoustic responses before and after stimuli were applied. I found high-grooming bees exhibited more auto-grooming, increased allo-grooming at low levels of either stimulus, increased grooming invitation dancing behaviour at low levels of varroa stimulus, and produced more worker piping noises. The results of this study contribute valuable information to the wider body of knowledge on the biological mechanisms of honey bee grooming behaviour and offer new avenues for further research.
Evaluation study of using ampicillin susceptibility to predict imipenem susceptibility of E. faecalis and E. faecium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: To evaluate ampicillin to predict activity of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium to imipenem. Methods: A total of 127 non-duplicated strains of Enterococcus faecalis and 124 strains of Enterococcus faecium were collected from 23 hospitals in China. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determinated using broth microdilution and disk diffusion. Results: For all E. faecalis , when using penicillin/ampicillin results to predict susceptibility to imipenem (called as penicillin-imipenem prediction mode and amipicillin-imipenem mode), the categorical agreement (CA) and major error (ME) rate was 88.9%/95.3% and 6.3%/0%, whereas it was 89.7%/96.8% and 8.7%/1.6%, when using that results of disk diffusion, respectively. No very major error (VME) rate was founded for both prediction modes. For penicillin susceptible, ampicillin susceptible E. faecalis , the CA rate of ampicillin-imipenem prediction mode based on results from broth microdilution and disk diffusion to was both 100%, and neither was founded with VME or ME rate. For penicillin resistant, ampicillin susceptible E. faecalis , the CA rate of ampicillin-imipenem prediction mode based on results from broth microdilution and disk diffusion was 57.1% and 81.8%, respectively. And neither was founded with VME or ME rate. For penicillin resistant, ampicillin resistant E. faecalis , the CA/ME/VME rate of ampicillin-imipenem prediction mode based on results from broth microdilution and disk diffusion was 100%/0%/0% and 77.8%/22.2%/0%, respectively. For all E. faecium , the CA rate of penicillin-imipenem and ampicillin-imipenem prediction mode based on results from broth microdilution was 100% and 99.2%, and it was both 99.2% based on results from disk diffusion. ME and VME rate for all four prediction modes was 0%. For penicillin resistant, ampicillin resistant E. faecium , the CA rate was 100%, as well as penicillin susceptible, ampicillin susceptible E. faecium . None of prediction mode was found with ME or VME rate. Conclusion: For penicillin susceptible, ampicillin susceptible or penicillin resistant, ampicillin resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium , ampicillin susceptibility results of broth microdilution could accurately predict in vitro activity of imipenem. However, for penicillin resistant, ampicillin susceptible E. faecalis and E. faecium , using ampicillin results to predict imipemem susceptibility of was poorly consistent.
Validating the list of tasks associated with teaching school-based agricultural education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

School-based agricultural education (SBAE) teachers face diverse and extensive expectations from students, administrators, parents, and stakeholders, often requiring them to assume numerous roles and responsibilities. Insights into the needs of teachers, the challenges they encounter, and the traits of effective teachers shed light on the nature of the roles expected of SBAE teachers. The interplay of professional needs, challenges, and desired characteristics forms a complex set of expectations for SBAE teachers. Despite this complexity, SBAE teachers are expected to master an ever-growing array of skills, challenges, and attributes pertinent to their profession. To better describe such, Best (2023) developed a list of 238 tasks associated with teaching SBAE through a nationwide Delphi study. The purpose of this study was to validate the list of tasks SBAE teachers are expected to complete as part of their professional roles and responsibilities. Human Capital Theory served as a the theoretical framework for the study, in particular, job-specific tasks of SBAE teachers were examined. The validation of the list of tasks consisted of a descriptive, non-experimental research design which sought to ascertain the opinions of SBAE teachers nationwide. For each task, participants were asked to rate their agreement to the statement, “This task is important for my role as a school-based agricultural education teacher.” Respondents did so on a five-point, Likert-type scale (1= Strongly disagree, 5 = Strongly agree). Principal Component Analysis was used to evaluate responses and determine the primary tasks associated with teaching SBAE. In total, 69 primary tasks were identified across five components: Supervised Agricultural Experiences, Advising a FFA Chapter, Other Professional Responsibilities, Classroom and Laboratory Instruction, and FFA Awards and Degrees. Further, internal reliability estimate (Cronbach’s alpha) coefficients were calculated for the instrument and each of its five components. All Cronbach’s alpha scores were acceptable, and inter-item correlations were deemed adequate. The findings of the study yielded five general conclusions which are presented and discussed along with recommendations for practice and research.