jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
World level of competitiveness of national researches in the field of clinical medicine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is proposed formalization of concepts «world research level» and «leading scientific technological directions» of global science used in program documents which define main trends of reformation of Russian science. Use of bibliographic index as an example of «normalized citation in related area» for analyzing various subject areas for Russian clinic medicine it was shown that there is a different correlation of some areas of some national subject areas to their world levels. It was noted that it’s nevessary to develop national methodology of Russian science audit considering its national aspect which is a real problem while application world-acclaimed methods.Keywords: russian science, reforming, global science, world level of researches, methods of evaluation, clinical medicine, research fronts.
Authority and Plurality in Muslim Legal Traditions: The Case of Ismaili Law†

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Thoughtful commentators on Islamic law often point out that Islamic law exhibits great interpretational diversity. Typically, this plurality is evidenced by the range of opinions or articulations of the rule in the face of any question or issue. At the level of sources, accounts of Islamic law have often emphasized the reliance on a set of major sources or roots of law, with other lesser sources. Scholarly works have acknowledged that matters are more complex than this and that different Muslim traditions may employ a different range of sources. Nonetheless, source plurality, and in particular how this source plurality is expressed in minority traditions, is underexplored. Focusing on the case of contemporary Nizari Ismaili law this Article will help to demonstrate the expression of source plurality in Islamic law. In so doing, this discussion aims to enrich the understanding of plurality in Islamic law to include not only the plurality of answers or rules on different issues but also the plurality of sources.
Diffusion of Water into Silica Glass at Low Temperature

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Diffusion of water into silica glass was measured in the temperature range of 200° to 750° by treating the glass in air containing a constant water vapor pressure and analyzing the concentration profile using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. In the short‐time diffusion heat treatments, the surface concentration was lower and the apparent diffusion coefficient was higher than the corresponding steady‐state values. The temperature dependence of the steady‐state diffusion coefficient showed two different activation energies. Above ∼550° the diffusion coefficients were similar to the published results with an activation energy of ∼80 kJ/mol, while below ∼550°, the diffusion coefficient was higher than the value obtained by extrapolation from higher temperatures, and the activation energy was ∼40 kJ/mol. Correspondingly, the water solubility–temperature relation showed a sudden change at around the same temperature: at temperatures above this temperature the solubility increased with decreasing temperature, while at lower temperatures the trend was reversed. It was suggested that this observed peculiarity was caused by the initial nonequilibrium reaction between water and SiO 2 glass and a change in enthalpy of the glass–water reaction.
Robust high-order repetitive control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

High-order repetitive control has previously been introduced to either improve the robustness for period-time uncertainty or reduce the sensitivity to non-periodic inputs of standard repetitive control schemes. This paper presents a systematic, semidefinite programming based approach to compute high-order repetitive controllers that yield an optimal trade-off between these two performance criteria. Additionally, the capability of the proposed design approach to reproduce and outperform existing high-order repetitive control approaches is illustrated. ©2008 AACC.
Conclusion: Silence, Orality, History

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book has explored the contemporary photo-text in French as well as the different modes of interaction between image-maker and text-writer. From collaborative to retrospective and, finally, self-collaborative photo-texts, it has showcased the ways in which writers and photographers worked together to produce remarkable works, and has also considered essayism as the main element in its definition of the photo-text, whereby language is appended to photographic image. This essayistic appendage of language to photographic image must recognise, implicitly or explicitly, and then act upon, the provisional ‘meaning’ of a photograph at any one time. This radical provisionality is specific to the photo-text and an important element of photography's fictionality. The book has also discussed three dimensions of the photo-text: orality, visuality, and textuality (writing).
Chutnifying History: An Insight into the Indian Emergency of 1975 through Postmodern Fiction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper, through Salman Rushdie's 'Midnight's Children' and Rohinton Mistry's 'A Fine Balance', will analyse how the Indian Emergency of 1975 is seen through the eyes of postmodern writers. Through this analysis, the paper will argue that Rushdie and Mistry "chutnify" history in order to give a voice to the losers of history and the subaltern - indirectly providing the reader with an alternative version of the Indian Emergency
Socio-economic Characteristics Affecting Information Source use Among Farmers in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study examined the socio-economic characteristics affecting information source use among farmers in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to ascertain the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers in the study area; determine the available information source; identify the extent of usage of information sources by farmers; assess farmers’ attitude towards the use of information sources and; identify the constraints encountered by farmers in using information sources. Eighty-two (82) farmers were randomly selected from the two agricultural blocks in the Local Government Area using purposive sampling method. Structured questionnaire and Focus group discussion were used to elicit information from the respondents. Frequency distributions, percentages, mean and regression analyses were employed to analyze the data collected. Results showed that the area was fairly dominated by males (52.44%). The respondents had a mean age of 46 years. About 85.37% of the respondents were married with a mean household size of 5 members. The findings also revealed that 84.15% of the respondents had some form of formal education and an average income of N86,735.71k per annum. About 60.98% of the respondents had some contacts with the extension agents. It was also revealed that the level of available information sources (36.25%) was poor. The mean extent of usage for indigenous information sources was 1.2 and 1.1 for modern sources. The results also showed that the respondents showed equal positive attitude (2.0) to both indigenous and modern source of information. The factors that significantly influenced the use of information sources were marital status (3.54) and household size (3.62) at 1% level of probability and education (1.74) at 10% level of probability. Among the major constraints that affected the use of modern information sources were: high cost of mass media (2.7), lack of access to mass media information (2.7) and unstable electric powers supply (2.7). The study recommended that Government, agricultural research institutes, agricultural universities and non-governmental organizations should provide more information on agriculture to farmers. Communication centers should be provided to increase farmers’ access to information
Albuminuria Is Associated with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients with Early Diabetic Kidney Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and albuminuria are both markers for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We speculate that albuminuria in T2DM patients with early diabetic kidney disease (DKD) could predict LVH. Methods. 333 diabetic patients (219 non-DKD and 114 early DKD) were enrolled. The association between albuminuria and LVMI was examined using multivariate linear regression and logistic regression. Results. The rate of LVH was significantly higher in patients with early DKD versus those without DKD (57.0% versus 32.9%;P<0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that albuminuria status (no, micro-, and macroalbuminuria;P<0.001), age (P<0.001), systolic blood pressure (P=0.0578), and the use of ACEI/ARB drug (P<0.001) were independently associated with LVMI. The risks were substantially higher for LVH in the microalbuminuria group (odds ratio 2.473 (95% confidence interval 1.370–4.464)) and macroalbuminuria group (odds ratio 3.940 (95% confidence interval 1.553–9.993)) compared with that in non-DKD group. Concentric hypertrophy was the most common geometric pattern in patients with early DKD (36.0%), followed by eccentric hypertrophy (21.0%). Conclusions. Albuminuria is associated with higher LVMI and higher rate of LVH in patients with early phase DKD.
<title>Delayed luminescence spectra detection of AflatoxinB1 contamination in whole rice</title>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Employing a luminescence spectrometer the usefulness of light-induced delayed luminescence (DL) for the detection of aflatoxinB1 (AfB1) contamination in whole rice was studied. Rice was artificially contaminated with Aspergillus flavus (7.5×105 conidia/ml) and incubated for 0 - 72 h. The DL spectra of contaminated rice were obtained by a luminescence spectrometer. The correlation between the spectra and contamination levels was established. The DL intensity has a negative correlation with the AfB1 concentration. The results suggested that the DL technique might be useful for the rapid and non-invasive evaluation of AfB1 contamination levels in whole rice.
A new formulation based on fatty acids coming from vegetal oils effective against grapevine downy mildew [Vitis vinifera L.; Piedmont; Veneto]

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Tecnobiol is a new formulation containing fatty acids (mainly oleic acid and linoleic acid) that perform their preventive action against fungal pathogens. The product is mainly utilisable in foliar application. Hereinafter are reported the chemical specifications and the results got on Plasmopara viticola in greenhouse and in field. The product showed a good preventive action at a rate over 0.1% in greenhouse. In field trials, with applications every 6-9 days, the protection was slightly lower than the copper standard, but still interesting for applications where the target is to decrease the quantity of copper to be applied
Language, Communication and Learning in the Classroom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is important that teachers consider the strengths and weaknesses of the institution of the school, and the social setting of the classroom, within which much of formal education takes place. Its very institutionalised nature tends to cut off this aspect of a child's experience and learning from the out of school and pre-school experiences and to distance the contribution of the home. Before turning to the classroom it is important to draw attention to a further often overlooked contribution of the home to a child's readiness for instruction. Particularly in the early years of schooling, much of the instruction given by the teacher is through the medium of oral language; while the judgements as to its appropriateness for a particular class are also greatly influenced by the children's responses in spoken language. Gradually, written language as a source of information and as a means of communication begins to assume important proportions in the life of the classroom.
Tumeur de Pancoast-Tobias : résultats du groupe d'oncologie thoracique clermontois : étude rétrospective à propos de 71 cas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pancoast-Tobias tumours were first described in 1932. Their frequency stays low, 3% of bronchial cancers. First efficient treatment is related in 1956, since, in spite of the development of combined treatments, is still controverted. This retrospective study from 1992 to 2004 has evaluated the treatments received by 71 patients suffering from Pancoast-Tobiast tumours in the frame of thoracic oncologist group from Clermont-Ferrand. The comparison of different treatments let us conclude that chirurgy, whenever possible, stays the best treatment, if the exerese is possible.
Hypothyroidism presenting as destructive arthropathy of the fingers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary A patient presenting with destructive arthropathy of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the hands is described. She was initially believed to have rheumatoid arthritis but non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were of no help. The patient was subsequently found to have hypothyroidism and erosive osteoarthritis of the fingers. Joint swelling, pain and stiffness responded dramatically to thyroid hormone substitution. The PIP joint spaces reappeared on the radiographs within 9 months. This case suggest that hypothyroidism may induce destructive arthropathy of the finger joints. As thyroxine replacement may reverse the rheumatic complaints, hypothyroidism should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a destructive arthropathy of unclear aetiology.
Immunologic mechanism at infertility

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infertility has been serious problem for couples that want to have a child. It is estimated that %10-15 of marriages are involuntary childless; that is, there is the serious problem of infertility. In more than 40% of infertility couples that is the reason of their infertility was unknown. In those couples, probably immunological factors were found to be responsible for the infertility. In the article, it was aimed to review the immunologic causes of male and female infertility in the light of the current scientific data.
The disease progression in the keratin 14 IL-4-transgenic mouse model of atopic dermatitis parallels the up-regulation of B cell activation molecules, proliferation and surface and serum IgE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary We have previously characterized the keratin 14 interleukin-4-transgenic (IL-4-Tg) mouse model of atopic dermatitis as a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease typified by skin infiltration of inflammatory cells and early up-regulation of Th2 cytokines and late surge of Th1 cytokines. In the present study, we examined the involvement of B cells. Systematic examinations of the following immunological parameters on B cells were carried out in non-Tg control mice and in IL-4-Tg mice at before disease onset and early and late disease stages so that we could determine the immunological sequence of events leading to the disease development: surface expressions of IA/IE, activation and costimulatory molecules, proliferation under LPS or IgM stimulation, quantification of cell surface and serum IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a. Our results showed that as the disease progresses from before onset to early disease and to late disease, there is a parallel increase in surface markers of B cell activation (IA/IE, CD44, CD69, CD80 and CD86), in B cell proliferation, and in cell surface and serum IgE. Significant increases of Th2-driven serum IgG1 and IgE in early disease was followed by significant increase of Th1-driven IgG2a in late disease. Importantly the significant increases of activation molecule (IA/IE), proliferation (to LPS), and surface IgE on B cells of the IL-4-Tg mice precedes the up-regulation of serum IgE and disease onset. These data suggest that activated B cells may play a role in atopic dermatitis disease development by up-regulating serum IgE concentration, which serves as a marker of disease onset.
Speed improvement of the time-asynchronous acoustic fast match

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes an algorithm for improvement of the speed of a time-asynchronous fast match, which is a part of a stack-search based recognition system. This fast match uses a phonetic tree to represent the entire vocabulary of the recognizer. Evaluation of the tree (in a depthrst manner), can be done much more e ciently using the fact that under certain conditions, the results of branch evaluations can be used to approximate the scores of other branches of the tree.
Role of Family Welfare Empowerment Cadre on Stunting Reduction in Ende Sub-District

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Stunting is still one of the nutritional problems that occur in Indonesia, characterised by physical stunting. Children with developmental delays are more susceptible to diseases that can affect their level of intelligence. Developmental delays can be overcome by starting with pre-pregnancy preparation for adolescents, brides-to-be, followed by pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and young children. Community empowerment is a key strategy in stunting reduction programs. The role of family assistance by family planning cadres, midwives and FWE cadres is important through counselling activities, referral service facilities, social assistance facilities for families at risk of stunting and surveillance of target groups at the village level. The approach to implementing this program is made with a service Learning Program Approach System. The training method in the mini workshop used was to facilitate and educate FWE cadres about the role of the FWE Team in the process of accelerating stunting reduction in the Ende District area, Ende Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The population in this activity was 10 FWE cadres consisting of representatives of FWE cadres from all of Ende District. This activity was carried out in the office environment of the Ende District Family Planning Extension Office on 27 June 2023. It can be concluded that the support and cooperation from the FWE team is still lacking due to the lack of knowledge about the role and duties of the family welfare cadre as a family companion. Therefore, it is hoped that through deepening knowledge and empowerment motivation, the role of family welfare activist cadres will be able to collaborate and synergize with family planning extension cadres and midwives more optimally for the realization of reducing stunting rates in Ende District, more specifically in the 9 affected villages.
A - 53 Age of First Exposure to Football and Later-Life Health Issues in Community-Dwelling Adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose This study assessed whether age of first exposure (AFE) to football was associated with later-life psychiatric and neurobehavioral symptoms, cognitive difficulties, and general health problems in a cohort of former amateur football players. Method A cross-sectional survey study of men with a history of amateur football exposure was conducted using the ResearchMatch online platform. Independent variables included demographics, number of lifetime concussions, AFE to football (dichotomized as AFE &lt; 12 years vs. AFE ≥ 12 years), and total years of football participation. Main outcomes included current depressive (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorders-7), cognitive (British Columbia Cognitive Complaints Inventory), and neurobehavioral symptoms (Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory). T-tests (AFE &lt; 12 vs. AFE ≥ 12) and multivariable regressions assessed for associations between AFE and outcome variables, adjusting for age, number of prior concussions, and years of football exposure. Results A total of 107 male participants (mean age = 60.6 ± 15.1 years) reported an average of 4.2 ± 2.7 years of exposure to amateur football, with 41 participants reporting AFE &lt; 12 (38.3%). In multivariable analyses, AFE &lt; 12 was not a significant predictor of depressive (B = 0.51, SE = 1.25, p = 0.682), anxiety (B = 0.09, SE = 0.95, p = 0.926), cognitive (B = -0.65, SE = 0.77, p = 0.403), or neurobehavioral symptom scores (B = -0.56, SE = 2.93, p = 0.850). However, having more prior concussions were associated with worse depressive (B = 0.44, SE = 0.10, p &lt; 0.001), anxiety (B = 0.33, SE = 0.07, p &lt; 0.001), cognitive (B = 0.26, SE = 0.06, p &lt; 0.001), and neurobehavioral symptoms (B = 1.04, SE = 0.23, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions AFE to football was not associated with adverse psychiatric, cognitive, or neurobehavioral difficulties. However, these outcomes were associated with a greater number of lifetime concussions.
Property Right Transaction in the Run of Forestry Capital

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Mainly discuss on the core of forestry capital run-merging.The merging motives and merging behavior and basically principles to abide by in merging. Probe the concert operations of forestry enterprise merging transaction.And discuss on the policy to further develop forestry enterprise merging markets,the strategy to select and government's supervise over merging of forestry enterprise,and other related problems.
Membrane-associated cytochrome cy of Rhodobacter capsulatus is an electron carrier from the cytochrome bc1 complex to the cytochrome c oxidase during respiration

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have recently established that the facultative phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus has two different pathways for reduction of the photooxidized reaction center during photosynthesis (F.E. Jenney and F. Daldal, EMBO J. 12:1283-1292, 1993; F.E. Jenney, R.C. Prince, and F. Daldal, Biochemistry 33:2496-2502, 1994). One pathway is via the well-characterized, water-soluble cytochrome c2 (cyt c2), and the other is via a novel membrane-associated c-type cytochrome named cyt cy. In this work, we probed the role of cyt cy in respiratory electron transport by isolating a set of R. capsulatus mutants lacking either cyt c2 or cyt cy, in the presence or in the absence of a functional quinol oxidase-dependent alternate respiratory pathway. The growth and inhibitor sensitivity patterns of these mutants, their respiratory rates in the presence of specific inhibitors, and the oxidation-reduction kinetics of c-type cytochromes monitored under appropriate conditions demonstrated that cyt cy, like cyt c2, connects the bc1 complex and the cyt c oxidase during respiratory electron transport. Whether cyt c2 and cyt cy are the only electron carriers between these two energy-transducing membrane complexes of R. capsulatus is unknown.
[Scoptophobia in male and female patients].

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Die vom Autor als »Ubertragungsneurose« bezeichnete »Skoptophobie«, deren Grundaffekt die Scham ist, wird anhand von 6 Fallskizzen naher charakterisiert. Im Unbewusten der mannlichen Skoptophobiker herrschen passive Impulse vor; die skoptophoben Frauen suchen ihren Penisneid durch aktive (homosexuelle) Praktiken zu masigen.