jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Attributing Responsibility When Police Officers are Killed in the Line of Duty: An Ethnographic Content Analysis of Local Print News Media Frames

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The line‐of‐duty death of a police officer challenges the public’s shared views of social order and morality. Local news media help audiences make sense of these tragedies. This study examines how attributions of responsibility are framed in local print news stories, guided by the question, “How do news stories frame the cause of death when police officers are killed in the line of duty?” We conducted an ethnographic content analysis of stories about line‐of‐duty deaths published in Indianapolis, Indiana newspapers between 1872 and 2019. Six frames promoting causal explanations for police officer deaths emerged from our analysis: moral depravity, gun availability and lethality, the nature of the job, unaddressed mental illness, alcohol and drug abuse, and officer failings. While line‐of‐duty deaths have been consistently framed as a result of individual and societal moral depravity over time, we also find that officer deaths have more recently been framed as simply being part of the job. We discuss our findings within the broader framing of social problems literature, recognizing how frames shift over time and conflate social issues to maintain their salience.
Influence Of Environmental Conditions Obskaya And Tazofskaya Of Bay On A Construction Of Offshore Oil Fields

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Strike of Severo-Kamenomisskoye, , Kamenomisskoye, Chugoriakhinskoye and<br>Obskoye of oil fields, and also their great potential and direct affinity to Yamburgskii onshore<br>gas complex, with its advanced infrastructure, have the extremely important meaning for<br>maintenance of a level of production of gas in considered region in conditions of fall of<br>production on onshore oil fields.<br>The specificity of development of considered oil fields substantially is determined by<br>their physical geography conditions.<br>In work the basic natural factors influencing the design decisions on a construction of<br>the specified oil fields are resulted. The set of these factors causes the rather rigid<br>requirements to a strength and stability offshore facilities. At the same time, a number of the<br>characteristics provides reduction of probable cost of a construction in comparison, for<br>example, with oil fields of the Sakhalin shelf and Pechora sea.
Interaction of Sp1 with the human gamma globin promoter: binding and transactivation of normal and mutant promoters

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have analyzed the binding of Sp1, a ubiquitously expressed transactivator, to the promoter region of the gamma genes. Low-affinity Sp1 sites were found at -50 and -200. A high-affinity site was detected at -140, over the CACCC sequence. To analyze the function of these sites, Drosophila SL-2 cells, which lack Sp1, were cotransfected with an Sp1 expression plasmid and gamma globin promoter-CAT constructs. In these assays, the gamma promoter was significantly stronger in the presence than in the absence of Sp1. Thus, the three Sp1 sites in the gamma promoter allow binding as well as transactivation of the promoter. The majority of this transactivation was due to the strong binding site at -140 because introduction of a point mutation at -144 (CACCC----AACCC) reduced Sp1-dependent promoter strength by 57%. Analysis of the -200 region suggested that in the wild-type promoter, Sp1 binding at this site contributes little to promoter strength. However, a point mutation (-198 T----C) associated with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) dramatically increased the affinity of this site for Sp1 and significantly increased Sp1 dependent promoter strength in SL-2 cells. Three other point mutations associated with HPFH did not significantly affect the interaction of Sp1 with the - 200 region.
BRAZING FILLER METAL, NICKEL 92Ni - 4.5Si - 3.1B 1800° - 1900°F (980° - 1040°C) Solidus-Liquidus Range

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

<div class="section abstract"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This specification covers a nickel alloy in the form of wire, rod, strip, and powder.</div></div>
Effect of Heavy Metals Contamination from Cigarette Smoke on Sound and Caries-Like Enamel

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract In this study, we sought to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoke and pH cycling on the chemical composition and surface/cross-sectional enamel microhardness. A total of 40 dental blocks obtained from bovine incisors were divided into four groups ( n =10): no treatment (control); exposure to cigarette smoke (CS); exposure to pH cycling (PC); and exposure to cigarette smoke and pH cycling (CS-PC). The samples were analyzed by synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence, bench mode X-ray fluorescence, as well as surface microhardness (SMH) and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) testing. The SMH results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. The CSMH results were evaluated using split-plot ANOVA and Tukey’s test. A high amount of Cd and Pb and traces of Ni and As were observed in enamel and dentin after exposure to cigarette smoke (CS and CS-PC). The SMH and CSMH of CS were statistically higher when compared with the control. The PC and CS-PC showed lower SMH and CSMH. We conclude that exposure to cigarette smoke promoted heavy metal deposition in enamel/dentin. In addition, it increased the enamel microhardness but did not promote a protective effect on the in vitro development of caries. The clinical significance of this work is that there is significant bioaccumulation of heavy metals from cigarette smoke on the surface and in the enamel and dentin.
Training Poultry Servicemen

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

THE growth of the poultry industry in both size and complexity has created a demand for many more trained men than are graduated by the various poultry departments throughout the country. In fact, the number of graduating poultry majors has actually decreased as the demand for trained personnel has increased. The poultry industry and allied industries have filled the gap between their needs and available supply with graduates from other curricula and in many cases with men without college training. Many of these men have made significant contributions to the poultry industry and have advanced in company organization in spite of the fact that they began their work with little or no formal training in the field of poultry science. A great number of these individuals, however, feel the need for continuing education in the technical aspects of poultry production. An informal survey among poultrymen in South Carolina indicated a . . .
[The influence of physiologic factors on the expression of striatal dopamine D2 receptors].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to know whether the strain, sex, and age-related body weight of rat have influence on the expression of striatal dopamine D2 receptor. The data on striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding 125I-IBZM in 34 rats were used in the comparison between pairs of groups matched on strain, sex, and body weight. The result showed that the strain and sex of rats had no influence on the striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding 125I-IBZM, but there was a body weight-related decrease in the striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding 125I-IBZM. The results suggest that age-dependent decline of striatal dopamine D2 receptors is possible; therefore, strict age-matching is necessary to clinical studies.
Quantum Diffusion Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Diffusion models excel in image generation and manipulation but suffer from significant computational demands and slow sampling. Quantum computing offers the potential to overcome these challenges. This thesis explores the integration of quantum computing with diffusion models, introducing a novel Quantum Diffusion Model (QDM) with four distinct variants implemented using Parameterized Quantum Circuits. This work investigates both grayscale and, for the first time, full-color image generation using QDMs, and explores the impact of our novel timestep and label embedding techniques. Our results demonstrate the promising capabilities of QDMs, particularly those utilizing ancilla qubit-powered temporal context. This thesis shows that QDMs offer the potential for improved scalability compared to classical diffusion models, enabling the generation of larger images and potentially achieving faster sampling speeds.
THE CONCEPT OF MODERN DUTCH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF JAVANESE ARCHITECTURE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Modern architecture colonial present in the early 20th century, when several Dutch graduate architects had begun profession in the Dutch East Indies. The architects of had understood that the development of modern architecture in the East Indies must include the local environment and climate aspects of traditional architecture that has existed in the Dutch East Indies. In this case, two famous architects, the Thomas Karsten and Henri Maclaine Pont, became a pioneers in this movement. The concept of the modern architecture development base on the Java architecture has been carried out by Thomas Karsten with several his works such as office buildings, hospitals, markets, and schools. The potential of traditional Javanese architecture in terms of shape, material and solving the problems of the tropical climate conditions, aims to achieve comfort in the building the use of potencies has been used as a concept for the development of modern Dutch colonial architecture.
Tasks of accounting and analytical support of the enterprise budgeting

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to research of the accounting and analytical support of enterprise budgeting. The emphasis is laid on the need to improve the enterprise management system by using budgeting. It is stressed that due to the improvement of the budgeting system it is possible to increase the efficiency of the company in relation to the process of allocation of resources, cost optimization, increase of its solvency, receiving operative information about the activity of the enterprise, coordination and control of the work of various divisions of the enterprise. The definitions of the categories of "accounting and analytical support", "accounting and analytical system", "accounting and information support", "information support" are systematized. The definition of the category "accounting and analytical provision of budgeting of a construction enterprise" is formulated. The process of formation of accounting and analytical support for budgeting of the enterprise is presented. The main tasks of the system of accounting and analytical support of budgeting of a construction enterprise are determined.
Middle Eastern minorities and diasporas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Contents: Introduction Moshe Ma'oz and Gabriel Sheffer Middle Eastern Minorities: Between Integration and conflict -- An Overview National Self-Determination in the Middle East and North Africa The Impact of Religion and Regime on Ethnic Conflict in the Middle East Ethnic and Religious Conflicts in Sudan since Independence The Elite Minority: Educated Sudanese and their Role in the State The Christians in Israel: Aspects of Integration and the Search for Identity in a Minority within a Minority Contested Identities: Berbers, 'Berberism', and the State in North Africa Ethnic and Religious Conflicts in Iraq Middle Eastern Diasporas -- An Overview The Muslim Diaspora in the West Lebanon: State, Diaspora and the Question of Political Stability Chechen Identity, Culture, and Citizenship in Jordan Territorial versus Personal Autonomy Contributors Index.
Resistance noise in spin valves

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Fluctuations of the magnetization in spin valves are shown to cause\nresistance noise that strongly depends on the magnetic configuration. Due to\nthe applied external field and the dynamic exchange interaction through the\nnormal metal spacer, the electrical noise level of the antiparallel\nconfiguration can exceed that of the parallel one by an order of magnitude, in\nagreement with recent experimental results.\n
Development of Indigenous Alkaline Phosphatase Kit for the Detection of Milk Quality

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Milk is a profoundly nutritious food that provides the favorable environment and nutrition for the growth development of large number of microorganisms. Microbiological quality assurance techniques could be usually utilized as a speedy strategy to survey the microbiological nature of crude and pasteurized milk. Objective: To develop indigenous rapid kit for determination and differentiation of milk quality, microbial presence, pasteurized and unpasteurized milk. Methods: Some 14-milk raw and pasteurized milk samples were collected from different geographical areas of Lahore and different brands of pasteurized milk. The colorimetric indigenous alkaline phosphatase milk quality detection kit was prepared for 200 reactions was developed. Alkaline phosphatase kit was tested at different temperature and volume of milk. Results: Results showed that a wide range of milk that bought from local stores and nearby market with exorbitant cost milk types shown no difference in milk quality in terms of presence of microbes. Moreover, different effect of pasteurized milk was observed after affirm test the variety stayed blue and not changed. Conclusions: This indigenous kit is test is quick monetary strategy that can be utilized for identification of milk quality on the basis of microbial presence, therefore, pasteurized or unpasteurized milk can be tested in field as well.
Characterizing wood density–climate relationships along the stem in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) using a combination of boosted regression trees and mixed-effects models

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The relationships between climate and wood density components, i.e. minimum, maximum and average ring density, have been characterized mainly at breast height, while little information is available for other stem heights. This work aimed to (1) identify the significant climate variables related to ring density components in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and (2) assess whether their effects vary significantly along the stem. Densitometric data were obtained from 68 black spruce trees from northwestern Ontario, Canada. Six discs along the stem, from stump to base of the live crown, were sampled. For each sample height and density component, we first developed mixed-effects models using ring width and cambial age as predictors. Monthly climate variables were later integrated into the models. The candidate climate variables were pre-selected using the boosted regression trees method. In addition to observed density–climate relationships, a significant effect of sample height was found. Findings revealed that the relationships were similar in nature but varied in strength and timing along the stem. The wood density variation showed delayed sensitivities to some climate variables among sampling heights. Such delayed responses may be caused by the axial progression of water requirement and of hormonal and photosynthetic allocation along the stem throughout the growing season.
Cell and tissue kinetics of the subependymal layer in mouse brain following heavy charged particle irradiation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The following studies investigate the cellular response and cell population kinetics of the subependymal layer in the mouse brain exposed to heavy charged particle irradiation. Partial brain irradiation with helium and neon ions was confined to one cortex of the brain. Both the irradiated and the unirradiated contralateral cortex showed similar disturbances of the cell and tissue kinetics in the subependymal layers. The irradiated hemisphere exhibited histological damage, whereas the unirradiated side appeared normal histologically. This study concerns the cell population and cell cycle kinetics of the subependymal layer in the mouse brain, and the effects of charged particle irradiations on this cell population. Quantitative high resolution autoradiography was used to study the kinetic parameters in this cell layer. This study should help in understanding the effects of these high-energy heavy ions on normal mammalian brain tissue. The response of the mammalian brain exposure to charged particle ionizing radiation may be extremely variable. It varies from minimal physiological changes to overt tissue necrosis depending on a number of factors such as: the administered dose, dose-rate, the volume of the irradiated tissue, and the biological end-point being examined.
Evaluation of the quality of life in patients with segmental dystonia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Aim. Segmental dystonia is an abnormal movement, characterized by involuntary, sustained and repetitive muscular contractions, causing twisting and abnormal posturing of two or more adjacent body parts. It is not a life-reducing condition, but it deteriorates physical, mental and social functioning. The aim of the study was to define the basic demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with segmental dystonia and to estimate their quality of life. Methods. The study included patients treated at the Clinic for Neurology - Clinical Center of Serbia (Department for Involuntary Movements). The patients with idiopathic segmental dystonia fulfilled the following questionnaires: general questionnaire, standard questionnaire for estimation of the quality of life SF 36, a list of questionnaires related to disease, and social participation scales. Statistical analysis involving the methods of descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis was used for predictive values of the characteristics. Results. The study included 28 patients with segmental dystonia, the mean age of 53.1 ? 15.8 years. Analysis of SF 36 questionnaire item domains showed that patients with segmental dystonia had the lowest score in the domain of body pain (30.6 ? 28.2) and the highest in the domain of physical function (73.6 ? 19.6). Higher values of the scale of the disease severity (?= -0.526, 95% CI -4.719, -0.996; p = 0.0004) and Hamilton depression scale (?= - 0.498, 95% CI -1.295, -0.227; p = 0.0007) were more significant predictors of low quality of life. Higher value of the Leisure activities scale (?= 0.611, 95% CI 0.242, 0.772; p = 0.001) was a significant predictor of better quality of life. Conclusion. The most important predictors of low quality of life in patients with segmental dystonia were disease severity, low acceptance of illness, depression and low self-esteem.
Pulsed Neutron Spectroscopy Handles Saturation Monitoring In Complex Lithology Long Cased Hole Horizontal Production Wells

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Siri Field on the Danish Continental Shelf is characterized by low-resistivity pay and porosities exceeding 30 PU. The reservoir sands are fine to very fine grained, well sorted with abundant iron-rich glauconite and chlorite. The microporous glauconite reduces the effective porosity and permeability and causes high initial bound water saturations.Reservoir drainage is based on water and gas flooding (SWAG injection). Producing field water-cut increases rapidly in the horizontal producers due to severe bottom aquifer coning and later injection water breakthrough. The oil production rate is constrained due to limited liquid handling capacity. Water management is hence, a primary focus area.Prior to initiating remedial workover operations, wireline tractor conveyed production inflow profiles and pulsed neutron capture gamma ray surveys were acquired.In sigma saturation monitoring a pulsed neutron source allows the decay rate of capture gamma rays to be measured. The decay rate is inversely proportional to the formation sigma, which is a linear combination of the sigma values of the rock matrix and fluid filled porosity. Knowing the matrix sigma, oil sigma, water sigma, and total porosity, the log sigma can be converted to formation saturation.The complex mineralogy of the reservoir sand with abundant and variable amounts of iron-rich glauconite significantly impacts the matrix sigma. Before sigma saturation interpretation can be made, the lithology needs to be determined more accurately than possible from standard open hole logs. A novel through casing pulsed neutron logging technique permitted well lithology determination. Using the spectral signal of the pulsed neutron capture gamma rays, a number of key matrix elements were quantified, converted to a matrix lithology, and then finally combined into a synthetic matrix sigma.This paper describes, how a single pulsed neutron tool operated in two modes (spectroscopy and sigma) permitted quantitative lithology interpretation and saturation monitoring in a complex formation environment.
Components of Assessments and Grading At Scale

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the major criticisms of efforts towards offering education at scale has been the Trap of Routine Assessment, the risk that student assessment will suffer from becoming excessively simplified in service of automation and scale. In this research, we examine the ways that students in an at-scale graduate program in computer science were assessed during their degrees. The program in question has scaled to over 10,000 students in only a few years, but awards a traditional Master's degree, providing the opportunity to investigate whether scale was achieved by transitioning to more routine assessment or by bringing scale to traditional strategies. To do this, we investigate the syllabi of 52 classes offered through the program to identify the types of assessments used, and we survey teaching teams for their approaches to evaluating these assessments. We merge this data with historical enrollment data to gain an overall summary of the kinds of assessments and evaluations received during their degrees. We ultimately find the program's scale has been managed by scaling up traditional assessment and evaluation strategies as the majority of grades are generated by human teaching teams based on projects and homeworks, with a relatively smaller portion generated exclusively by automated evaluation of exams.