jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ecological studies of the bio-inoculant Trichoderma hamatum LU592 in the root system of Pinus radiata

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The plant health- and growth-promoting biological inoculant (bio-inoculant) Trichoderma hamatum LU592 was transformed with the constitutively expressed green fluorescent protein (gfp) and hygromycin B resistance (hph) genes to specifically monitor the isolate in the root system of Pinus radiata within a strong indigenous Trichoderma population. A modified dilution plating technique was developed to allow the determination of the mycelia proportion of total propagule levels. LU592 was shown to colonize the rhizosphere most effectively when 10(5) spores per pot were applied compared with inoculum concentrations of 10(3) and 10(7) spores per pot. LU592 extended its zone of activity beyond the rhizosphere to at least 1 cm away from the root surface. A positive relationship was shown between P. radiata root maturation and the spatial and temporal proliferation of LU592 in the root system. A steep increase in mycelia levels and proportion of penetrated root segments was observed after 12 weeks. This study reinforces the value of genetic markers for use in ecological studies of filamentous fungi. However, despite isolate-specific recovery of the introduced isolate, it was shown that total propagule counts do not always correlate with the amount of viable mycelium present in the root system. Therefore, it is proposed that the differentiation of mycelia from spores and root penetration is used as more accurate measures of fungal activity.
Segmentation and tracking of stem cells in time lapse microscopy to quantify dynamic behavioral changes during spheroid formation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Dynamic behavior of stem cells during in vitro development is diverse. Previous cell tracking studies have focused more on cell proliferation than on cell aggregation. However, the enhancement of cell proliferation in association with cell aggregation has been reported. In a previous study, we also demonstrated that the aggregation of adult human mesenchymal stem cells to form three‐dimensional (3D) cellular spheroids helped maintain the expression of stemness marker genes in the cells. However, the dynamic behavioral changes triggered by spheroid formation remain to be investigated. A scheme of image processing techniques is proposed to meet this need. A hybrid‐thresholding technique was first developed for efficient segmentation of cell clusters, after which a cell tracking method based on pair‐matching with topological constraints was designed. Two morphological indices were derived to track the timing of 3D spheroid formation during the cellular aggregation process. Five cell motility indices measured from single cells and 3D spheroids were then compared. After confirmation of more than 90% correspondence between the results obtained by manual tracking and the proposed methods, an analysis of cellular behavior reveals a significant increase in motility in association with spheroid formation, consistent with a previous report that used a gene expression approach. This study proposed a systematic image analysis method to quantify the dynamic behavior of stem cells for stemness evaluation during cell culturing in vitro. Results demonstrated the validity of the developed platform in investigation of the dynamic behavior of cell aggregation in stem cell cultures in vitro. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Leaf Litter Processing and Patterns of Shredder Distribution in Headwater Steams in Southeastern Korea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

During the period of December 1992 (winter-spring) and from February 1995 (winter-spring), the leaf processing rates of oak (Quercus serrata) and tulip (Liriodendron tulipifera) tree was investigated in the headwater streams in southeastern part of Korea in conjunction with the distribution pattern of macroinvertebrate fauna. Using two types of bags ( with 5 g of dry leaves; open bag with holes, closed bag without holes), decomposition rates of oak and tulip tree by shredder and/or microbiota at a reatively undisturbed 2nd-order stream were compared, Regardless of leaf type, leaves in the open bage decomposed slightly faster than those in the closed bags. In the 1992 experiment, osk leaves decomposed much slower than tulip leaves (after 138 degree days, osk : closed, 0.006% loss/day ; open, 0.008 ; tulip: closed, 0.021 ; open, 0.023; n=2). The of the first experiment using oak leaves in 1995 were similar to those of the first experiment (after 151 degree days, oak: closed, 0.005% loss / day; open, 0.006; n=6). Over 50% of invertebrates from 122 leaf pack samples collected from 12 streams during the winter period of 1994 were identified as shredders (shredder, 56.2; collector, 32.7; scraper, 8.65; predator, 2.45%). Among shredders, Gammarus sp. and Tipula sp. were dominant species in terms of number and biomass (8.2 ind./g, 1.0 ind./g AFDW of leaves). Among many physico-chemical parameters, the width of stream channel was found to be the most influential factor in the distribution of Gammarus and Tipula (Gammarus: r=-0.34, P
Molecular biological investigations on the production of 5-ketogluconate by Gluconobacter oxydans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

From Gluconobacter oxydans DSM 3503 two 5-ketogluconate producing enzymes, polyol: NADP&quot;+-5-oxidoreductase (I) and gluconate: NADP&quot;+-5-oxidoreductase (II), have been isolated. By polymerase chain reaction gene probes have been prepared for both proteins. Using the II-based probe, the corresponding gene (gno) could be isolated, and the gene has been characterized. By expression of the gno gene in G. oxydans the II-activity could be increased by the factor 85. Oxidation of NADPH formed in the ketogluconate production cycle is enhanced by NADPH oxidase from saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Formation of 5-ketogluconate in G. oxydans is limited by the intracellular concentration of the cofactor NADP&quot;+. (WEN)
LIFE-THREATENING CUTANEOUS FUNGAL AND PARASITIC DISEASES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CUTANEOUS FUNGAL and parasitic diseases are frequent and usually do not threaten the physical integrity of the patient. There are, however, some that may acquire a severe clinical picture and may even cause death. Some of the most important and/or dangerous of these life-threatening cutaneous fungal (as systemic candidosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, sporotrichosis, zygomycosis, and histoplasmosis) and parasitic diseases (Chagas disease, schistosomiasis amebiasis, and leishmaniasis) are discussed in this chapter.
The incidence of stalk rot (Fusarium spp.) on maize hybrids and its effect on yield of maize in Britain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Stalk rot was present in each of 78 maize crops and six hybrid maize trials examined between 1971 and 1975. Fusarium culmorum was the main cause of the disease and was isolated from 67 of the 82 samples from which isolates were made. Lodging was found to be related to, and a natural succession of, the earlier wilting symptom caused by infection with F. culmorum. Yield losses were estimated in 39 crops between 1973 and 1975 and the disease caused a mean reduction of 18‐7% in cob weight and 11‐2% in 1000‐grain weight of infected plants over the 3 yr of the survey.
Planning Method for Regenerative Electric Heating System Considering the Heat Load during Power Outage

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A two-layer planning method for regenerative electric heating considering the heat load during power outage was proposed. Firstly, the model of regenerative electric heating system was established. Then, the heat load model during power outage was established. On this basis, the optimal planning model was proposed, which took the minimum daily operation cost as the objective function. Finally, a typical regenerative electric heating systems was used as a test system to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. The case results showed that the proposed method can effectively satisfy the heat load during power outage.
The Pacific King and the Militant Prince? Representation and Collaboration in the Letters Patent of James I, creating his son, Henry, Prince of Wales

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The relationship of King James VI and I with his elder son and heir, Prince Henry Frederick, has received much scholarly attention in recent years. James has often been portrayed as a resentful father whose peaceful policies were at odds with his son’s martial interests and militant Protestantism. With reference to the Letters Patent of James I, creating his son Henry, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1610, British Library, Additional MS 36932), this article reassesses their familial and political relationship, as well as its contemporary representation. Decorated with two superb and extremely detailed miniature portraits of the King and his son, here their conflicting iconographical identities were carefully managed and depicted in finely balanced harmony. Questions of artistic attribution, patronage and display are addressed, while the Patent’s imagery is contextualized by analysis of its use during the ceremonial investiture of Henry as Prince of Wales and consideration of the surrounding celebrations. The Letters Patent is a complex object, containing a variety of visual and textual material which can only be properly understood when its contents, context and function are considered in their entirety.
High isolation sub-harmonic mixer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A thin-film prototype of a sub-harmonic diode up-converter mixer has been developed, in order to investigate the potential for achieving high 2LO to RF isolation at the circuit output port. The design, centered at 5.5 GHz LO frequency, associated with 850 MHz IF, included diode parameter extraction and simulation of the proposed circuit topology. Measured conversion losses at (2LO-IF) and (2LO+IF) show good agreement with simulated figures, and a 2LO-RF isolation higher than 50 dB was achieved.
The Spectral Energy Distributions for 4FGL Blazars

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, the multiwavelength data from radio to X-ray bands for 2709 blazars in the 4FGL-DR3 catalog are compiled to calculate their spectral energy distributions using a parabolic equation log ( ν f ν ) = P 1 log ν − P 2 2 + P 3 . Some important parameters including spectral curvature ( P 1 ), synchrotron peak frequency ( P 2 , log ν p ), and peak luminosity ( log L p ) are obtained. Based on those parameters, we discussed the classification of blazars using the “Bayesian classification” and investigated some mutual correlations. We came to the following results. (1) Based on the Bayesian classification of synchrotron peak frequencies, the 2709 blazars can be classified into three subclasses, i.e., log ( ν p / Hz ) < 13.7 for low synchrotron peak blazars (LSPs), 13.7 < log ( ν p / Hz ) < 14.9 for intermediate synchrotron peak blazars (ISPs), and log ( ν p / Hz ) > 14.9 for high synchrotron peak blazars (HSPs), and there are 820 HSPs, 750 ISPs, and 1139 LSPs. (2) The γ -ray emission has the closest relationship with radio emission, followed by optical emission, while the weakest relationship is that with X-ray emission. The γ -ray luminosity is also correlated with the synchrotron peak luminosity. (3) There are strong positive correlations between the curvature (1/∣ P 1 ∣) and the peak frequency ( log ν p
White Right and Labor Organizing in Oregon's “Hindu” City

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In March 1910, anti-Indian violence erupted in St. John's, then a city just outside Portland, Oregon, perpetrated by a crowd of two hundred White laborers joined by the mayor, police chief, and two police officers. While the 1910 St. Johns riot is not well known, Johanna Ogden situates it within a growing anti-Asian movement along the West coast that "rocked towns from California to British Columbia and targeted Indian, Japanese, and Chinese shopkeepers and laborers." The Indians fought back the night of the riot and, with the backing of the Multnomah County District Attorney's Office and the British Consulate, demanded prosecution of the rioters. Ogden provides an account of the riot and how the Indian community in the region "became a center of anti-colonial organizing" in forming Ghadar, a global movement to free India from British rule.
Investigating the Short-Term Effects of Cold Stress on Metabolite Responses and Metabolic Pathways in Inner-Mongolia Sanhe Cattle

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Inner-Mongolia Sanhe cattle are well-adapted to low-temperature conditions, but the metabolic mechanisms underlying their climatic resilience are still unknown. Based on the 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance platform, 41 metabolites were identified and quantified in the serum of 10 heifers under thermal neutrality (5 °C), and subsequent exposure to hyper-cold temperature (−32 °C) for 3 h. Subsequently, 28 metabolites were pre-filtrated, and they provided better performance in multivariate analysis than that of using 41 metabolites. This indicated the need for pre-filtering of the metabolome data in a paired experimental design. In response to the cold exposure challenge, 19 metabolites associated with cold stress response were identified, mainly enriched in “aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis” and “valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation”. A further integration of metabolome and gene expression highlighted the functional roles of the DLD (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase), WARS (tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase), and RARS (arginyl-tRNA synthetase) genes in metabolic pathways of valine and leucine. Furthermore, the essential regulations of SLC30A6 (solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 6) in metabolic transportation for propionate, acetate, valine, and leucine under severe cold exposure were observed. Our findings presented a comprehensive characterization of the serum metabolome of Inner-Mongolia Sanhe cattle, and contributed to a better understanding of the crucial roles of regulations in metabolites and metabolic pathways during cold stress events in cattle.
Abstract 4206: Invasive Treatments for Obese Patients with CAD: An Explanation for the “Obesity Paradox”? Analysis of 130,139 Hospitalizations in Get With The Guidelines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND : Obesity is a well documented risk factor for cardiovascular disease and long-term mortality, yet a previous analysis of the Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) database revealed a paradoxically lower short-term mortality rates in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We hypothesized that this surprising trend may be the result of more aggressive management of such patients. METHODS : The GWTG database was analyzed for CAD hospitalizations from 1/00 to 12/05 with documented height and weight. Patients were divided into BMI (kg/m 2 ) categories: underweight (< 18.5), healthy weight (18.5 − 24.9) overweight (25.0 − 29.9), and obese (≥ 30). Reperfusion therapies, as well as baseline characteristics, medications, and in-hospital mortality by BMI category were assessed. RESULTS : There were 130,139 hospitalizations from 409 US hospitals analyzed. Patients in the overweight or obese BMI categories were younger, with more obesity-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In-hospital mortality was 5.4% in normal weight patients and 3.1% and 2.4% in the overweight and obese categories, respectively. In unadjusted analyses, a higher percentage of obese and overweight patients received indicated, guideline-recommended therapies (see Table ). After adjusting for common confounders, overweight and obese patients were more likely to undergo cardiac catheterization (p<0.01 for both, compared to normal) and PCI (p<0.0001 for overweight and obese vs. normal), as well as CABG surgery (p<0.0001 for both). They also had a significantly shorter length of hospitalization in the multivariate model (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS : While obesity remains a significant risk factor for the development of CAD, increased body mass does not in of itself represent a barrier to the use of invasive therapies for CAD. It may positively influence clinicians’ use of proven and intensive treatment strategies, contributing to better short-come outcomes in these patients.
Electrophotocatalytic\nAcetoxyhydroxylation of Aryl\nOlefins

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A method\nfor the acetoxyhydroxylation of olefins with syn stereoselectivity\nunder electrophotocatalytic conditions is described. The procedure\nuses a trisaminocyclopropenium (TAC) ion catalyst with visible light\nirradiation under a controlled electrochemical potential to convert\naryl olefins to the corresponding glycol monoesters with high chemo-\nand diastereoselectivity. This reaction can be performed in batch\nor in flow, enabling multigram synthesis of the monoester products.
EFFECT OF PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT REFORMS IN THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC FUNDS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF THE NATIONAL TREASURY

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Public sector was rampant with corruption and inefficiencies and therefore poor management of public fund; this therefore called for reforms in the public sector. PFM reforms introduced not just a different way of managing public services, but also the need for different financial management tools and techniques. Introduced initially in response to widespread public criticism of the public service, the overall ethos of the reforms is greater public sector efficiency and has two key tenets: allowing managers to manage and making managers accountable and therefore ensuring better management of public funds. The goal of financial management in government is to ensure that safeguard and use available funds and other scarce resources in the best interest of the people. This study sought to establish the effect of reforms in budgeting, enhanced revenue collection, revision of procurement laws, and IFMIS reform in the management of public funds in Kenya National Treasury. The study used descriptive research design. The study targeted employees in top managers, middle level managers and lower level managers. The study adopted a stratified random sampling approach to get a study sample of 30% from within each stratum. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Pilot test was conducted to enhance the instrument validity and reliability. Data collected was analyzed through SPSS and Microsoft Excel and presented in tables and charts to summarize responses for further analysis and to facilitate comparison. The study also employed a regression model and correlation to study the relationship between factors. The study found that procurement reforms had the greatest effect on the effective public fund management followed by budgeting reforms, then mentoring adoption of IFMIS while tax revenue administration had the least effect to the effective public fund management. The study recommended that recommends that the government should work together with all the stakeholders in ensuring that the procurement laws are implemented and followed effectively. The study also recommends that the government should work with all the relevant ministries to ensure successful adoption of IFMIS.
WPA Land use survey map for the City of Los Angeles, book 1 (North Los Angeles District), sheet 24

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

WPA Land use survey map for the City of Los Angeles, book 1 (North Los Angeles District), sheet 24. Includes: [Title page and] legend [for Book] no. I; Composite index to Land use map books [for Book 1]; Index to Book no. 1.; Land use survey - City of Los Angeles. Department of City Planning. These maps were prepared with the assistance of the Works Progress Administration project no. 665-07-G-226 through 1939 to 1940. The land use data contained herein was compiled from a survey made with the assistance of the Civil Works Administration project no. 642, State Emergency Relief Administration project nos. 1-F2-318 and 1-F2-318A and Works Progress Administration project nos. 65-3-4377, 1101-2011 and 465-03-3-106. This survey functioned from Dec. 18, 1933 to May 8, 1939 and covers approximately 460 square miles within the boundary of the City of Los Angeles. It includes 347 colored drawings bound in 10 volumes of which this is no. I. The land use survey was supervised by the Zoning Engineer. The land use maps were supervised by the Illustrative Planning Engineer for the Sponsoring Department.
Connecting B cell differentiation pathways and antibody deficiencies

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The studies described in this thesis help understand why disturbances in specific genes and processes lead to antibody deficiencies. They showed that B cell precursor development in bone marrow is not a simple linear process, but rather a complex interplay of processes that make every individual cell follow its own route of maturation into a naive B cell. Furthermore, these studies showed that subtle differences in protein function can explain phenotypical differences between different disease entities in CD19- complex deficiencies. Showing how genotype-phenotype correlations can be a tool in patient-prognostics. These studies also showed that the balance in the PI3K/PTEN-AKT signaling cascade is critically important for both humoral and anti-viral immunity, since disturbances lead to antibody deficiencies and reduced viral immunity due to exhaustion. This is especially important in the context of new, personalized, specific treatments for these patients.
HDAC5 promotes intestinal sepsis via the Ghrelin/E2F1/NF‐κB axis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract In the current study, we sought to determine the roles of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) on the promotion of intestinal sepsis in a mouse model. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to determine the binding relationship between HDAC5 and Ghrelin. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used as an animal model of intestinal sepsis. The roles of HDAC5 on intestinal sepsis were determined by HDAC5 knockdown, overexpression, and inhibitor (LMK‐235) in vivo. Mice intestinal permeability and intestinal epithelial damage were evaluated, and HE staining was used to evaluate the intestinal mucosal injury index. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated intestinal‐derived macrophages served as a cell model of sepsis, followed by the loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function assays. ELISA was used to determine the levels of inflammatory factors, and TUNEL staining was used to detect intestinal cell apoptosis. HDAC5 was upregulated in the intestine of sepsis patients. This increased HDAC5 expression was positively correlated with the expression of inflammatory factors TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and HMGB1, as well as the intestinal dysfunction‐related factors IFABP. In sepsis mice, the expression of inflammatory factors was reduced by HDAC5 knockdown. HDAC5 knockdown also improved survival, morphology of intestinal tissue, intestinal permeability, and epithelial damage. Ghrelin was bound and inhibited by HDAC5, but E2F1 expression was increased by Ghrelin overexpression, leading to inhibition of the NF‐κB pathway. Ghrelin and E2F1 expression were increased by the treatment with HDAC5 inhibitor LMK‐235, which inhibited the NF‐κB pathway to improve intestinal dysfunction in the sepsis model. In conclusion, HDAC5 inhibits Ghrelin to reduce E2F1 and thus activate the NF‐κB pathway, thereby promoting intestinal sepsis.
New records of Tillandsia L. (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) for Maranh&atilde;o state, Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We report the first records of Tillandsia kegeliana, T. loliacea, T. paraensis, T. parvispica, T. recurvata , and T. tenuifolia for Maranhão, Brazil. These species were collected in the Amazonian and Cerrado biomes. This work adds new knowledge to the flora of Maranhão and extends the distribution of these species within Brazil.