jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Trial-and-Error Procedure for Implementing a Road-Pricing Scheme

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper deals with a road-pricing scheme that aims at alleviating congestion phenomena or air and noise pollution in some areas of a transportation network in such a way that the volumes of traffic flow on entry links to these areas do not exceed their respective predetermined thresholds by levying appropriate tolls at these links. This paper begins to show that the road-pricing scheme is equivalent to a problem that determines optimal Lagrangian multipliers for a user equilibrium traffic assignment problem with link capacity constraints. It then proceeds to devise a novel trial-and-error procedure requiring observed traffic flows at the entry links only, to identify a solution for the road-pricing scheme when link travel tune functions, origin-destination demand functions, and users' value of travel time are unknown. The procedure is as follows. A trial on a set of given tolls is conducted, and then the resultant link flows are observed. According to these observed traffic flows, a new set of tolls for the next trial is adjusted by executing a simple projection operation. The trial-and-error procedure is, in fact, a variation of a gradient projection method for dual formulation of the traffic assignment problem, and its convergence can be guaranteed under mild conditions. Accordingly, a conjecture for the convergence of trial-and-error implementation of the congestion pricing proposed by economists is rigorously proved. Furthermore, the iterative procedure presented in this paper in practice can facilitate the estimation of such tolls by land transport authorities.
INTEGRATING GRAMMAR INTO CONTEXTUAL LEARNING

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the integration of grammar into contextual learning as a means to enhance language acquisition and proficiency. Contextual learning emphasizes the use of real-life situations and authentic materials, allowing students to engage with grammar in meaningful ways. By embedding grammatical instruction within relevant contexts, learners can better understand the practical applications of grammar, facilitating both retention and application. The paper discusses various instructional strategies, including project-based learning, role-playing, and the use of multimedia resources, that effectively contextualize grammar. Additionally, it addresses the challenges educators face in implementing this approach and provides recommendations for overcoming these barriers. Ultimately, the findings highlight the importance of contextualized grammar instruction in fostering deeper understanding and competence in language use.
Hall-Petch Relation and Strengthening Mechanisms in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy Polycrystals.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

7475 type Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy polycrystals which consist of the average grain sizes ranging from 27 to 283 μm were prepared by solution treating at 753 K and aging at 393 K for various times. Tensile tests and micro hardness tests for these specimens were performed to evaluate both the Hall-Petch relation and three kinds of strengthening mechanisms. Correlation between the flow stress or Vickers hardness and the inverse square root of the average grain size are all represented by straight lines. The Hall-Petch slopes are nearly independent of the strain quantities and aging times, but the friction stresses increase with those increments. The contributions of grain refining effect, solid solution and precipitation strengthening to the 0.2% proof stress of the aged specimens for 86.4 ks are estimated to be 5, 82 and 310 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the rate-controlling mechanisms of yield behavior in the precipitation strengthening are made clear by comparing the experimental values with the theoretical ones.
Delineation of ADPRHL2 Variants: Report of Two New Patients with Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract ADPRHL2 is involved in posttranslational modification and is known to have a role in physiological functions such as cell signaling, DNA repair, gene control, cell death, and response to stress. Recently, a group of neurological disorders due to ADPRHL2 variants is described, characterized by childhood-onset, stress-induced variable movement disorders, neuropathy, seizures, and neurodegenerative course. We present the diagnostic pathway of two pediatric patients with episodic dystonia and ataxia, who later had a neurodegenerative course complicated by central hypoventilation syndrome due to the same homozygous ADPRHL2 variant. We conducted a systematic literature search and data extraction procedure following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 2020 statement in terms of patients with ADPRHL2 variants, from 2018 up to 3 February, 2023. In total, 12 articles describing 47 patients were included in the final analysis. Median age at symptom onset was 2 (0.7–25) years, with the most common presenting symptoms being gait problems (n = 19, 40.4%), seizures (n = 16, 34%), ataxia (n = 13, 27.6%), and weakness (n = 10, 21.2%). Triggering factors (28/47; 59.5%) and regression (28/43; 60.4%), axonal polyneuropathy (9/23; 39.1%), and cerebral and cerebellar atrophy with white matter changes (28/36; 77.7%) were the other clues. The fatality rate and median age of death were 44.6% (n = 21) and 7 (2–34) years, respectively. ADPRHL2 variants should be considered in the context of episodic, stress-induced pediatric and adult-onset movement disorders and seizures.
Hindi transliteration and translation of sanskrit-old javanese texts:an attempt to introduce indian cultural influences abroad to native India

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Strong imprints of Indian culture in various forms or modes of expressions are significantly found in Java. Sanskrit-Old Javanese texts, amongst those texts and traditions, were produced in the island in the periods between 9th to 15th cen. A.D. It covers various genres and subjects enriching indigenous culture in the archipelago. Tutur or tattva texts were one genre of them recorded the dynamic of Javanese intellectuals or poet-sages in pursuing the truth; they reveal metaphysical or theological aspects of Brahmanism, Saivism, Buddhism, Tantrism, Samkhya, Yoga, etc. This paper attempts to study ideas behind the Hindi transliteration and translation of those texts. This is a library reserach, the data were collected from Hindi translation of those texts. This attempt is of high scientific and cultural values as Indian scholars paid attention to Indian culture spreading in foreign lands. With this attempt Indian intellectuals/scholars/students got acquainted with their own culture flourished outside India in different forms, since the works were written and produced in Devanagari script and Hindi language. It creates nuances of being Indian. It can widen their understanding on philosophical point of view, religious elements, and culture of Java, that unity in diversity does not only exist in native land but also abroad.
High Sensitive TSP for Optical Readout Infrared Thermal Imaging Devices

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports the sensitivity of various Eu(TTA)3-based temperature sensitive paints (TSPs) which can be used in an infrared thermal imaging device. Two types of polymer binders (PSAMS and PVB) mixing with various concentration of Eu(TTA)3 were prepared and examined. The TSP using PSAMS had a higher temperature sensitivity compared with that using PVB when the temperature was less than 38oC. The maximum sensitivity as high as 9.0%/ oC was obtained by mixing 360 mg of Eu(TTA)3 with 1 g of PSAMS. The theoretical model of a thermal imaging device reveals that the temperature sensitivity of TSP has a great impact on the performance of the thermal imaging device. A NETD as small as 0.16 K can be obtained by using the high sensitive TSP developed here.
Methodological issues in the evaluation of extension impact

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The impact of extension is an imprecise term. Does it, for example, mean the full set of changes, direct and indirect, resulting from an extension initiative or does it have narrower connotations of change? The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the methodological issues and problems involved in undertaking an evaluation of extension designed to observe and measure changes in the operational efficiency of extension agents changes in farm husbandry knowledge and the increase, if any, in agricultural productivity induced by the introduction into an area with agricultural extension, of a more intensive system. The paper does not, therefore, specifically address issues that arise in evaluating the contribution of an established system of extension to agricultural output. Moreover, attention is centered on extension in less developed countries, the locus of much recent investment, rather than the more sophisticated systems of Europe and North America.
The Second Report

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Previously, we have shown that antibodies specific for C-reactive protein determinants, not present on the native molecule, termed neo-CRP, also react with a significant percentage of PBL. In the present study, cells were evaluated by flow cytometry using alpha-neo-CRP antisera and mAb specific for lymphocyte subsets. With use of either monocyte-depleted PBL or Percoll-enriched large granular lymphocytes, we observed an overlap between cells reactive with alpha-neo-CRP and cells bearing the surface markers CD16, CD11b, Leu-7, and/or Leu-19, which are expressed on NK cells. In addition, we showed co-expression of the neo-CRP antigen with CD19, CD20, and HLA-DR, cell surface markers which are expressed on B lymphocytes. The major proportion of CD3+ cells failed to exhibit co-expression of neo-CRP. Single parameter flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that cells reactive with alpha-neo-CRP exhibited a bimodal staining pattern based on fluorescence intensity: high intensity neo-CRPbright and low intensity neo-CRPdim. Two-color analysis revealed that neo-CRPbright cells co-expressed CD19, CD20, and HLA-DR, whereas neo-CRPdim cells co-expressed CD16, CD11b, Leu-7, and Leu-19. Anti-neo-CRP also reacted with PBL obtained from patients with CD16+ lymphoproliferative disorders and from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B cell origin, but not with cells from patients with T cell or myeloid leukemias. The alpha-neo-CRP cells from patients with NK cell expansions showed dim fluorescence, whereas patients with B cell expansions showed bright fluorescence, consistent with the staining patterns observed with normal PBL. In addition, cell lines of T cell, B cell, NK cell, myeloid, and erythroid origin were evaluated for reactivity with alpha-neo-CRP. The cloned NK cell line NK 3.3 reacted as neo-CRPdim, but the B cell lines BL41, BL41/95, T1, T2, and CESS all reacted as neo-CRPbright. The cell lines K562, Molt-4, Hut-78, HL-60, U-937, and THP-1-0, which lack characteristic NK and B cell markers, did not react with alpha-neo-CRP. Additional study of the two-color histograms revealed a distinct diagonal staining pattern that was observed only when cells were co-stained with alpha-neo-CRP and either alpha-CD16 (alpha-Fc gamma RIII) or antibody IV3 (alpha-CDw32; alpha-Fc gamma RII). This finding suggests a 1:1 relationship between Fc gamma R on both NK and B cells and determinants recognized by alpha-neo-CRP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Mixing customer ingratiation into evaluation: How service providers judge and evaluate rideshare experiences

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Whereas consumer satisfaction is critical for the success of services, we research how providers evaluate customers in the sharing economy represented by the rideshare marketplace. We examine anticipated customer evaluation (ACE) as the underlying link and the provider's sense of power as a moderator for the relationship between customer ingratiation and provider evaluations. We first conducted a field pilot study and analyzed the content of rideshare trips described by drivers. Then, we tested the conceptual framework in four experiments that manipulated different rideshare customer behaviors (self‐presentation, other‐enhancement, and customer conformity). Our study contributes to the consumer research literature by examining provider evaluation and discovering the peer‐to‐peer (P2P) dynamic evaluation mechanisms that adopt a two‐way rating system.
Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Its Association with Nocturnal Enuresis at the Primary Schools in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The correlation between nocturnal enuresis (NE) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) was reported. We aim to determine whether there is an association between NE and SDB in children and to assess the prevalence of SDB and NE in primary school children aged 6–12 years in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among the caregivers of children aged 6–12 years in all Saudi Arabia regions. The data were gathered through a self-administered online questionnaire. It included demographic information, weight and height, and associated comorbidities, in addition to the weekly frequencies of snoring symptoms and of enuresis, as well as of unrefreshing sleep using Likert-type response scales. Counts and percentages, the mean ± standard deviation, chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and regression analysis were used in the statistical analysis using R v 3.6.3. The questionnaire was completed by 686 respondents. Most respondents did not report any comorbidities in their children (77.1%). Asthma and adenotonsillar hypertrophy were reported in 16.2% and 15.6% of children, respectively. Unrefreshing sleep, mouth breathing at night, snoring, chronic nasal obstruction, and difficulty breathing while asleep were reported once or twice per week in 38%, 34%, 28%, 18%, and 18% of children, respectively. The prevalence of NE was 22.3%, with about 36.6% of children having NE two or more times per week. Significantly, NE was reported in 26.6% of children who slept before 10 PM compared to 19% of children who slept after 10 PM; in 28.6% of children who snored or loudly snored (57.1%) three times or more per week; and in 51.2% and 27.5% of children with difficulty breathing while asleep and who breathed through their mouth at night for one or two nights per week, respectively. A multivariable regression analysis showed that male gender (OR = 1.52, p = 0.010), obesity (OR = 1.24, p = 0.028), early sleeping time (OR = 1.40, p = 0.048), loud snoring for three or more nights per week (OR = 1.54, p = 0.001), difficulty breathing for one or two nights per week (OR = 1.85, p = 0.010), and mouth breathing at night for one or two nights per week (OR = 1.55, p = 0.049) were associated with higher odds of NE. Our study revealed that 22.3% of primary school children reported suffering from NE. SDB is a common problem among children with NE. The exact mechanism that links SDB to the increase in the risk of NE is unknown. Male gender, obesity, early sleeping time, loud snoring, difficulty breathing, and mouth breathing at night are potential independent risk factors of NE in school-age children.
Discovery of Potent Small-Molecule USP8 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Breast Cancer through Regulating ERα Expression

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8), belonging to the deubiquitinase family, has been implicated to be closely related to the occurrence of many malignant tumors, but only a few USP8-targeting inhibitors have been reported to date. In this study, we present virtual screening to discover novel hit candidates that inhibit the catalytic activity of USP8. Exploration of the structure-activity relationship led to the identification of compound DC-U4106, which binds to USP8 with a KD value of 4.7 μM and is selective over USP2 and USP7. Western blotting and immunoprecipitation showed that DC-U4106 could target the ubiquitin pathway and facilitate the degradation of ERα. In a xenograft tumor model, DC-U4106 also significantly inhibited tumor growth with minimal toxicity. Overall, our findings suggest that DC-U4106 is a promising drug candidate and targeting the USP8-ERα complex could be a new approach to treat ER-positive or drug-resistant breast cancer.
Piperazine in the Treatment of Threadworms in Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ADRENAL HORMONE IN ASCITIC FLUIDEDIBALRNAL 755 authentic corticosterone was available for comparison.Corticosterone, however, is reported to have only a slight eosinopenic effect, which would not contribute appreciably to the biological activity detected in these ascitic fluid extracts.It may be concluded, therefore, that almost all of the biological activity observed is due to the content of 17- hydroxycorticosterone, and that this varies in different sam- ples of ascitic fluid from zero to about 5 jug.per 100 ml.Cortisone itself does not contribute to the biological activitv in significant degree.It is, of course, clear that one cannot assume that the hormone content of ascitic fluid is necessarily the same as that of circulating blood.Ascitic fluid may, however, be regarded as representing a form of extracellular fluid.Its hormone content may be indicative of the adrenal hormone content of extracellular fluid in general, a content which must be of more direct importance to living cells than is the hormone content of the blood.Our inability to demonstrate any hormonal activity in the two samples from patient Fr raises the possibility that conditions may sometimes exist in which adrenal cortical hormone diffuses with difficulty from the blood into the extracellular fluid.Such a state could account for the fact that rheumatoid arthritic tissues and joints respond promptly to cortisone or 17- hydroxycorticosterone therapy, although all the evidence suggests that adrenal cortical function is normal in this disease.While this suggestion is purely speculative at the present time, further investigation of the hormonal content of human ascitic fluid should prove of considerable interest, in so far as it is representative of an extracellular fluid. SummaryThe adrenal cortical hormone content of human ascitic fluid has been measured biologically, using the power of such hormones to lower the level of circulating eosinophil cells in adrenalectomized mice.Of ten samples of ascitic fluid tested, five showed activity equivalent to between 3 and 5 jug. of cortisone per 100 ml.In two samples from one patient no activity at all could be detected.In the remaining three activity was equivocal and less than 1.5 jttg.per 100 ml. 17-hydroxycorticosterone (compound F) was detected by chromatographic analysis in all four samples in which it was sought, but cortisone was found only as a faint trace in a single extract.The biological activity is appar- ently due almost entirely to the 17-hydroxycorticosterone, only a negligible part being due to cortisone.
Millennial-scale Northern Hemisphere ice sheet growth controlled by stadial-versus-interstadial duration

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Global sea-level changes are significantly associated with variations in Northern Hemisphere ice sheets (NHISs) during the last glacial cycle. However, their responses to glacial millennial-scale climate variability (also known as Dansgaard - Oeschger (DO) cycles), especially during the Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3, ~30-65ka), remains poorly studied, in addition to the contrast lines of geological evidence regarding paleo-sea level changes. Instead of applying Glacial Index Method which overlooks potential tempo-spatial heterogeneity of temperature and precipitation in the northern high latitudes, in this study, we conducted transient PISM ice sheet modeling by imposing full climate forcing derived from fully coupled climate model experiments which are characterized by spontaneous millennial variability. Our results show that control factors of ice volume changes in Laurentide and Eurasian ice sheets are different due to spatially heterogenous climate forcing. During stadial periods, North American Ice sheets is growing because of increased precipitation especially along the margins of the ice sheets, despite spatially heterogenous but trivial changes in the surface air temperature. Meanwhile, dramatic cooling on the southern regions of Eurasian Ice sheets effectively reduces ice loss and hence promote the overall ice growth. In brief, NHIS ice volume grows during stadials while declines during interstadials. We hence propose that stadial-to-interstadial duration ratio is the key to the net change in NHIS volume in a signal DO cycle, providing dynamic understanding of accelerated sea level drop during 40-30ka.
Exploring the Zone of Anisotropy and Broken Symmetries in DNA-Mediated Nanoparticle Crystallization*

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nanometer-sized materials can be used as building blocks to construct crystalline materials structured with high resolution. The specific arrangements that nanoparticles form can be controlled by their physical shape and size, as well as the molecules attached to their surfaces. To further understand how nanoparticle symmetry affects the zone of anisotropy, the crystallization of octahedra was similarly investigated. The shape of the underlying nanoparticle influences the directionality of DNA interactions, which can result in correlated nanoparticle orientations and predictable crystal symmetries based on geometric considerations. To map the zone of anisotropy in DNA-mediated nanoparticle crystallization, three common polyhedra were investigated: cubes, octahedra, and rhombic dodecahedra. Crystals were formed by slowly annealing DNA-functionalized nanoparticles from high to low temperature, which results in a slow increase in supersaturation that ensures nanoparticles crystallize into their lowest free energy configuration.
The latest trends in Asian rhinoplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rhinoplasty in Asia is becoming increasingly widespread. When taking into consideration the anatomical differences between the features of Caucasian and Asian patients, it is unsurprising that knowledge gained from research on Caucasian rhinoplasty is not always applicable to Asian rhinoplasty. Furthermore, reviews aimed at describing the recent developments in Asian rhinoplasty are rare. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest trends in rhinoplasty for Asians by classifying it into three parts: methods, materials, and three-dimensional techniques, hopefully providing surgeons with references to aid in conducting rhinoplasty on Asians.
Are Chlorinated Pesticides a Causation in Maternal Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Mutations?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

(2000). Are Chlorinated Pesticides a Causation in Maternal Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Mutations? Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal: Vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 292-294.