jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploiting 19F NMR in a Multiplexed Assay for Small GTPase Activity

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Small GTPases (smG) are a 150-member family of proteins, comprising five subfamilies: Ras, Rho, Arf, Rab, and Ran-GTPases. These proteins function as molecular switches, toggling between two distinct nucleotide-bound states. Using traditional multidimensional heteronuclear NMR, even for single smGs, numerous experiments, high protein concentrations, expensive isotope labeling, and long analysis times are necessary. 19F NMR of fluorinated proteins or ligands can overcome these drawbacks. Using indole position-specific 19F labeling of the proteins, the activities of several smGs were measured in a multiplexed fashion. We investigated 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-fluoro tryptophan containing smGs to study nucleotide binding. Distinct resonances for GDP- or GTP-bound states of three different 19F-labeled smGs, RhoA, K-Ras, and Rac1, were observed, and the kinetics of exchange and hydrolysis were measured. This multiplexed system will permit screening of nucleotide-specific ligands of smGs under true physiological conditions.
The Role of Self-Efficacy in the Recovery Process of Stroke Survivors

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Joanna Szczepańska-Gieracha,1 Justyna Mazurek2 1Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland; 2Department and Division of Medical Rehabilitation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, PolandCorrespondence: Justyna MazurekDepartment and Division of Medical Rehabilitation, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, Wroclaw 50-556, PolandEmail justyna.mazurek@umed.wroc.plIntroduction: Belief in one’s personal capabilities are conducive to achieving success and provides additional energy for action. The stronger the conviction of one’s self-efficacy, the higher the self-goals and the stronger the commitment to achieving them, despite any adversities. Our knowledge regarding the role of self-efficacy in post-stroke rehabilitation is still scarce.Aim of the Study: The study aimed to analyze characteristics related to high self-efficacy levels before and after rehabilitation and to determine the role of self-efficacy in this process.Materials and Methods: The study involved 99 stroke survivors. Participants’ mental and functional state were assessed using Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Barthel Index (BI), Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Visual Analogue Scale for Pain (VAS), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI). Patients were evaluated twice: on admission (T1) and 3 weeks into rehabilitation (T2).Results: Patients without self-efficacy improvement after 3 weeks of rehabilitation, on discharge from the ward demonstrated poorer well-being (p = 0.002, Hedges’ g = 0.63, 95% CI [0.24– 1.08]), lower illness acceptance levels (p < 0.001, Hedges’ g = − 0.78, 95% CI [− 1.25 – − 0.41]), poorer functional status in basic activities of daily living (p = 0.003, Hedges’ g = − 0.62, 95% CI [− 1 – − 0.25]), locomotive abilities (p = 0.004, Hedges’ g = − 0.58, 95% CI [− 1.12 – − 0.15]) and instrumental activities of daily living (p = 0.001, Hedges’ g = − 0.71, 95% CI [− 1.15 – − 0.34]).Conclusion: Self-efficacy level is significantly related to rehabilitation outcomes. A routine self-efficacy assessment during the rehabilitation process seems very important. Patients whose initial self-efficacy is low or remains unchanged despite rehabilitation require special attention. Close cooperation between all members of the therapeutic team is essential to strengthen, at each stage, the sense of self-efficacy in stroke survivors.Keywords: self-efficacy, rehabilitation outcomes, depression, acceptance of illness, behavior management
Simpler HyPM sees Hydrogenics power boost for mobile use

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Canadian-based Hydrogenics launched its next-generation HyPM™ HD heavy-duty fuel cell power modules at the recent 2011 Fuel Cell Seminar in Orlando, Florida. The company says that the new modules offer a power density breakthrough for PEM fuel cell technology, with three new high-output products achieving up to 198 kW in a fully integrated monolithic unit.
Highly Regio‐ and Stereocontrolled SN2′ Reactions of gem‐Difluorinated Vinyloxiranes with Monoalkylcopper Reagents.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Analyzing WhisperGate and BlackCat Malware: Methodology and Threat Perspective

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The increasing use of powerful evasive ransomware malware in cyber warfare and targeted attacks is a persistent and growing challenge for nations, corporations, and small and medium-sized enterprises. This threat is evidenced by the emergence of the WhisperGate malware in cyber warfare, which targets organizations in Ukraine to render targeted devices inoperable, and the BlackCat malware, which targets large organizations by encrypting files. This paper outlines a practical approach to malware analysis using WhisperGate and BlackCat malware as samples. It subjects them to heuristic-based analysis techniques, including a combination of static, dynamic, hybrid, and memory analysis. Specifically, 12 tools and techniques were selected and deployed to reveal the malware’s innovative stealth and evasion capabilities. This methodology shows what techniques can be applied to analyze critical malware and differentiate samples that are variations of known threats. The paper presents currently available tools and their underlying approaches to performing automated dynamic analysis on potentially malicious software. The study thus demonstrates a practical approach to carrying out malware analysis to understand cybercriminals’ behavior, techniques, and tactics.
Modelling apple tree bud burst time and frost risk in Iran

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The bud burst phase of orchard trees is the most critical phase in relation to low temperature and frost since the most parts of the bud, especially the ovary, are very sensitive to low temperatures. Therefore, predicting the time of bud burst is important. If a model can predict the time of budding, it would be possible to protect buds from late spring frosts. In this study, the budding time of apple trees at two agrometeorological stations in northeast and northwest Iran was predicted by using a chilling and forcing model. Data for years 2002–2006 were used to calibrate the bud burst prediction model and respective information for the years 2007 and 2008 was used to validate it. For this purpose, five threshold temperatures ( T C ) and 11 chill requirements ( C R ) were used. Among 55 combinations of T C and C R , the combination with minimum Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was selected for predicting bud burst of apple for each region. Meanwhile, the probability of last date of frost in spring was estimated by statistical distribution. By comparing the probability of frost occurrence with the date of predicted bud burst, the risk of frost damage on apple budding was estimated. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Highly potent inhibitors of cathepsin K with a differently positioned cyanohydrazide warhead structural analysis of binding mode to mature and zymogen like enzymes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cathepsin K CatK is a target for the treatment of osteoporosis, arthritis, and bone metastasis. Peptidomimetics with a cyanohydrazide warhead represent a new class of highly potent CatK inhibitors; however, their binding mechanism is unknown. We investigated two model cyanohydrazide inhibitors with differently positioned warheads an azadipeptide nitrile Gü1303 and a 3 cyano 3 aza amp; 946; amino acid Gü2602. Crystal structures of their covalent complexes were determined with mature CatK as well as a zymogen like activation intermediate of CatK. Binding mode analysis, together with quantum chemical calculations, revealed that the extraordinary picomolar potency of Gü2602 is entropically favoured by its conformational flexibility at the nonprimed primed subsites boundary. Furthermore, we demonstrated by live cell imaging that cyanohydrazides effectively target mature CatK in osteosarcoma cells. Cyanohydrazides also suppressed the maturation of CatK by inhibiting the autoactivation of the CatK zymogen. Our results provide structural insights for the rational design of cyanohydrazide inhibitors of CatK as potential drugs
The “Obscure Odyssey” of the Object in Conrad’s “Karain”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Published in Tales of Unrest, "Karain" is one of Conrad's most enigmatic Malay stories. It continues to draw critical attention because of the ambivalent status of an object, a gilded (not gold) sovereign, offered by a group of sailors to a native chief, Karain, in a curious scene of redemption. Obviously the shining sovereign does not have the same value for the sailors and for Karain, who sees it as an amulet, a "charm", an image of the Great Queen: almost a fetish that will fill the gaps of his existence. The gilded sovereign has two sides: one which is attractive to the imagination and one which is commonplace – it was not worth much in the Victorian era. In structural terms, the coin materializes the two sides of the object of desire – both as an object of fascination, and as a mere nothing. If we refer to the Lacanian notion of the sublime as "an object raised to the dignity of the Thing", what appears is the deeply ironic value of such an ideological object. Back in London, the frame narrator presents Karain's remote story as "this Thing": as a sublime object raised to the dignity of the Thing. From the reader's point of view, the sovereign/story with its charm and rich ambivalence both covers and shows the void, the "nothing" against which the modern artist creates with his/her own object: here, the written word.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Thymidine Derivatives by Cross‐Coupling of 5‐ Halogenouridine Derivatives with Trimethylaluminum.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A study of the concurrent variations in the thermionic and photo-electric emission from platinum and tungsten with the state of the surfaces of these metals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An attempt has been made to measure the thermionic and photo-electric work functions for the same specimens of tungsten and platinum. It is found that in all cases the results depend greatly on the previous heat treatment of the material. In the case of platinum the curves showing the dependence of photo-electric sensibility on the wavelength of the irradiation are of four different types, while as regards thermionic properties the specimens can take up either a large-emission or a small-emission state, according to their treatment. The photo-electric work function of platinum appears to be greater than the thermionic, but no definite results were obtained for tungsten. The photo-electric curves obtained for both metals did not end abruptly so as to indicate a maximum wavelength for emission, but extended asymptotically towards zero emission in the direction of increasing wavelength. These irregularities in behaviour are attributed by the author to the state of the surface of the specimens.
EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliBiofilms Are Inhibited by 7-Hydroxyindole and Stimulated by Isatin

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Since indole is present at up to 500 μM in the stationary phase and is an interspecies biofilm signal (J. Lee, A. Jayaraman, and T. K. Wood, BMC Microbiol. 7:42, 2007), we investigated hydroxyindoles as biofilm signals and found them also to be nontoxic interspecies biofilm signals for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC), E. coli K-12, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The genetic basis of EHEC biofilm formation was also explored, and notably, virulence genes in biofilm cells were repressed compared to those in planktonic cells. In Luria-Bertani medium (LB) on polystyrene with quiescent conditions, 7-hydroxyindole decreased EHEC biofilm formation 27-fold and decreased K-12 biofilm formation 8-fold without affecting the growth of planktonic cells. 5-Hydroxyindole also decreased biofilm formation 11-fold for EHEC and 6-fold for K-12. In contrast, isatin (indole-2,3-dione) increased biofilm formation fourfold for EHEC, while it had no effect for K-12. When continuous-flow chambers were used, confocal microscopy revealed that EHEC biofilm formation was reduced 6-fold by indole and 10-fold by 7-hydroxyindole in LB. Whole-transcriptome analysis revealed that isatin represses indole synthesis by repressing tnaABC 7- to 37-fold in EHEC, and extracellular indole levels were found to be 20-fold lower. Furthermore, isatin repressed the AI-2 transporters lsrABCDFGKR , while significantly inducing the flagellar genes flgABCDEFGHIJK and fliAEFGILMNOPQ (which led to a 50% increase in motility). 7-Hydroxyindole induces the biofilm inhibitor/stress regulator ycfR and represses cysADIJPU/fliC (which led to a 50% reduction in motility) and purBCDEFHKLMNRT . Isogenic mutants showed that 7-hydroxyindole inhibits E. coli biofilm through cysteine metabolism. 7-Hydroxyindole (500 μM) also stimulates P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation twofold; therefore, hydroxyindoles are interspecies bacterial signals, and 7-hydroxyindole is a potent EHEC biofilm inhibitor.
Identifiability and identification of a class of parabolic distributed systems under approximation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The identifiability and identification problem of linear distributed parameter systems is studied. A parabolic distributed parameter system is approximated into a finite-dimensional model using orthogonal polynomials. The identifiability problem of the lumped model is studied. Then the problem of estimating the parameters of the finite-dimensional model is investigated, and the local uniqueness of the identified values is discussed. An illustrative example is given and good results are obtained.
Emergent academic skills :: gender differences in the relations with externalizing behavior problems and peer relationships in high-risk preschoolers.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

EMERGENT ACADEMIC SKILLS: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE RELATIONS WITH EXTERNALIZING BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS AND^ER RELATIONSHIPS IN HIGH-RISK PRESCHOOLERS FEBRUARY 1997 REBECCA M. STOWE, B.A., UNIVERSITY OF MAINE, ORONO M.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor David Harvey Arnold The present study was conducted to determine if there are gender differences in how emergent academic skills are related to disruptive behavior and peer relationships. One hundred and eighty-five mostly mmority, preschool children fi-om low income famihes participated in this study. Videotaped observations were coded to assess disruptive behavior and off task behavior in group learning situations. Teacher ratings of child disruptive behavior and the quahty of children's peer relationships were collected, and emergent academic skills were assessed with standardized tests of language skills. Information about referrals to special academic services were collected. Higher levels of disruptive behavior and poorer peer relationships were more strongly associated with lower levels of emergent academic skills for boys than for girls. Teacher perceptions of disruptive behavior were strongly related to the probabihty that a child would be referred for special academic services. There was no significant difference between the percentage of off-task behavior which was disruptive for boys and girls who were ofif-task. The results suggest that girls' preacademic problems may be less visible in the preschool classroom than those ofboys.
Preoperative systemic inflammation response index enhances the prognostic value of tumor multifocalityin upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In cancer, tumor-related inflammation affects disease progression and survival outcomes. However, the role of systemic inflammation in tumor multifocality in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is not well understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) on tumor multifocality for predicting oncological outcomes in patients with UTUC after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). For this purpose, data from 645 patients with non-metastatic UTUC who underwent RNU between 2008 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Survival outcomes such as overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) RATES were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and independent prognostic factors were identified through a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. Of the 645 patients with UTUC included in the present study, 163 (25%) had multifocal UTUC. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that multifocal UTUC synchronous with a high-level SIRI was significantly associated with poorer outcomes after RNU. Furthermore, the results of the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis demonstrated that multifocal tumor coupled with a high-level SIRI was an independent factor for predicting a shorter survival and disease progression. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that an elevated SIRI significantly influenced the survival rate of patients with multifocal UTUC. Specifically, integrating multifocal UTUC with a high-level SIRI emerged as an independent risk factor for poorer OS, CSS and RFS. These findings highlighted the potential role of SIRI in the risk stratification and management of patients with multifocal UTUC.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PERCEIVED INJUSTICE, WORK RELATED DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND IRRITATION AND THEIR EFFECT ON TURNOVER INTENTION AMONG EMPLOYEES IN A MANUFACTURING COMPANY

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PERCEIVED INJUSTICE, WORK RELATED DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND IRRITATION AND THEIR EFFECT ON TURNOVER INTENTION AMONG EMPLOYEES IN A MANUFACTURING COMPANY
Characterization of conidiation mutants in Trichoderma viride by hyphal anastomosis and protoplast fusion.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Conidiation mutants were isolated from the fungus Trichoderma viride, and tested for complementation by both anastomosis and protoplast fusion. They could be grouped into three classes: (1) colour mutants; (2) mutants with reduced conidiation; and (3) nonconidiating mutants. Several mutants of classes (2) and (3) were incapable of anastomosis, but via protoplast fusion they produced heterokaryons suitable for complementation tests.
Smart Driving Towards Eco-Friendly Transportation: Fuzzy Logic Approach to Optimize Vehicle Speed Based on Road Slope and Vehicle Extra Weight

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The pressing need to address climate change by decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality necessitates the development of eco-friendly and sustainable transportation solutions. Traditional modes of transportation largely contribute to environmental deterioration, so adopting innovative and sustainable transportation solutions is important for reducing these effects and increasing energy efficiency. This study introduces a pioneering methodology employing two separate Fuzzy Logic systems (FL) that leverage vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication technology systems. The designed FL is used to estimate a vehicle's optimal speed in order to optimize energy consumption and reduce CO 2 emissions. The optimal speed is estimated based on specific factors such as vehicle velocity, road speed limit, and other parameters to estimate the optimal speed with the aim of reducing energy consumption and emissions. We have used SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) and Python to explore diverse scenarios, replicating road conditions with varying slopes and vehicle weights. The simulation findings highlight the transformative impacts of both FL systems combined with V2I on energy consumption and emissions, which allow cars to react and adjust their speed to changing road conditions in real-time. The vehicle's extra-weight Fuzzy Logic system and the road slope FL system exhibit a remarkable average reduction of 10% and 20%, respectively. The findings are a robust foundation for developing intelligent and eco-friendly transportation systems, contributing to the broader goal of sustainable and efficient mobility.
Molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of food-borne illness worldwide and a major cause of Guillain–Barré paralysis. Despite the prevalence of C. jejuni infections, the mechanisms of pathogenesis remain ill-defined. A series of studies has shown that the ability of C. jejuni to invade the host intestinal epithelium is an important essential step in the pathogenesis of C. jejuni-mediated enteritis. Campylobacter initiate orchestrated signal transduction cascades in host cells leading to host cytoskeletal rearrangements that result in bacterial uptake. The acute autoimmune attack is thought to be based on C. jejuni antigens that may mimic antigens of the peripheral nervous system – this is thought to be the major cause of the organism's ability to cause Guillain–Barré syndrome.