jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Angular uncertainties due to geometry and spatial resolution in Compton cameras

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate the effects of spatial resolution and relative orientation of detectors on the accuracy of the directional localization in two-detector Compton cameras. We derive a general expression that relates the angular uncertainty to spatial resolution and geometry. Appropriate expressions for specific configurations are obtained as special cases of the general expression. Finally, we present a simple formula for estimating the position uncertainty of Compton cameras in terms of relative spatial resolution and distances.
3P163 Structural comparison of F_1-ATPase : Coupling among enzyme structures, reaction sites, and rotations(Molecular motor,The 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

IncorporatedAssociation dnd motihtyWhen arLiitclally dlmerlzed myosin VI moses processively along an actin t]larnLnt to"aTds its pointed end th`it is in the direLtion op posite to a]1 other LharaLterved myosing Sirnilarly to myosin V it vLalkyn d hand ever hand lashion however as we haie shown experimentally the dsymmeLry between the ADP bindmg aMnities to the tra]hng and the ]ead mg heads which supports the umdirectional mouhty by ensurmg that ADP disgociateg more readily trom the trdihng head is less prenouncLd ln msoyn VI thdn in the rnyogm V 6IQ construct The distnbution of tbe step sves tg sLgnLhLanLly broddcr in Lhc Lahe of myosm VI compemcd to myosm Y -hiLh guggests
An evaluation of V2G for distribution network harmonic suppression

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) is an emerging application of plug-in electric vehicles communicating with power grids to provide energy or ancillary services. Power quality improvement is one of the possible benefits of V2G systems. In this paper, V2G is evaluated as a means to improve distribution network power quality via harmonic suppression. Based on a V2G trial project, simulations were conducted with practical power quality parameters monitored and collected from installed charging points with V2G functions. Both the simulation and practical results revealed an improvement in voltage rms value but an increase in current harmonics during V2G operation. On the other hand, V2G had no significant effect on voltage harmonics. Lastly, potential solutions on how to suppress current harmonics were proposed.
A Formal Logical Framework for Cadiag-2

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cadiag-2&mdash;where &ldquo;Cadiag&rdquo; stands for &ldquo;computer-assisted diagnosis&rdquo;&mdash; is an expert system based on fuzzy logic assisting in the differential diagnosis in internal medicine. With its aid, it is possible to derive from possibly vague information about a patient's symptoms, signs, laboratory test results, and clinical findings conjectures about present diseases. In this paper, we provide a mathematical formalization of the inferential mechanism of Cadiag-2. The aim is to have a formal logical calculus at hand which corresponds to the mode of operation of Cadiag-2 and which is among others needed to perform consistency checking of Cadiag-2's medical knowledge base.
Accidental Mass Hypernatremia during Hemodialysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A distinctive symptom pattern was observed during theaccidental, simultaneous occurrence of severe hypernatremia in 6 hemodialysis patients. Thirst, hot flushes, headache, nausea and vomiting, weakness and disorientation accurred in all cases in a similar sequence. Low back and abdominal pain, severe dyspnea and hypoacusia followed in one third of the cases. The highest serum sodium concentration was 165 mEq/l. Extracellular volume changes were minimal, as well as blood pressure increases. Weight gains were accounted for by intracellular water expansion during rehydration. No neurological complications or deaths resulted.
[11C]Metoclopramide PET can detect a seizure-induced up-regulation of cerebral P-glycoprotein in epilepsy patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an efflux transporter which is abundantly expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various brain diseases. The radiolabelled antiemetic drug [11C]metoclopramide is a P-gp substrate for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of P-gp function at the BBB. To assess whether [11C]metoclopramide can detect increased P-gp function in the human brain, we employed drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) as a model disease with a well characterised, regional P-gp up-regulation at the BBB. Methods Eight patients with drug-resistant (DRE) TLE, 5 seizure-free patients with drug-sensitive (DSE) focal epilepsy, and 15 healthy subjects underwent brain PET imaging with [11C]metoclopramide on a fully-integrated PET/MRI system. Concurrent with PET, arterial blood sampling was performed to generate a metabolite-corrected arterial plasma input function for kinetic modelling. The choroid plexus was outmasked on the PET images to remove signal contamination from the neighbouring hippocampus. Using a brain atlas, 10 temporal lobe sub-regions were defined and analysed with a 1-tissue-2-rate constant compartmental model to estimate the rate constants for radiotracer transfer from plasma to brain (K1) and from brain to plasma (k2), and the total volume of distribution (VT = K1/k2). Results DRE patients but not DSE patients showed significantly higher k2 values and a trend towards lower VT values in several temporal lobe sub-regions located ipsilateral to the epileptic focus as compared to healthy subjects (k2: hippocampus: +34%, anterior temporal lobe, medial part: +28%, superior temporal gyrus, posterior part: +21%). Conclusions [11C]Metoclopramide PET can detect a seizure-induced P-gp up-regulation in the epileptic brain. The efflux rate constant k2 seems to be the most sensitive parameter to measure increased P-gp function with [11C]metoclopramide. Our study provides evidence that disease-induced alterations in P-gp expression at the BBB can lead to changes in the distribution of a central nervous system-active drug to the human brain, which could affect the efficacy and/or safety of drugs. [11C]Metoclopramide PET may be used to assess or predict the contribution of increased P-gp function to drug resistance and disease pathophysiology in various brain diseases. Trial registration EudraCT 2019-003137-42. Registered 28 February 2020.
A SUCCESSFUL CASE OF COMBINED OPERATION OF SIGMOID COLON CARCINOMA ASSOCIATED WITH ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An 82-year-old female who suffered from severe abdominal pain and anal bleeding was admitted to the Yokohama Sakae Kyousai Hospital for the surgical treatment of expanding abdominal aneurysm and bleeding colon cancer. Under satisfactory epidural anesthesia with nitrous oxide and oxygen, abdominal infrarenal aneurysm was first resected and replaced with a woven dacron bifurcated graft by means of aortic-bilateral iliac bypass grafting, careful shielding with the retro-peritoneum was added to prevent postoperative bacterial infection. Next, partial resection of the sigmoid colon with tumor mass was undertaken using end-to-end anastomosis, and colostomy was performed at the right flexsure of the colon. Her postoperative course was uneventful and the stoma was closed under local anesthesia one month after the operation. Two years after surgery this patient is doing well.We demonstrated here that simultaneous operation for abdominal aneurysm and early stage of cancer of the sigmoid colon can be done with minor risk and this one-stage operation may be recommended in selected cases.
Global longitudinal strain is compromised in patients with elevated blood cobalt levels secondary to metal-on-metal hip implants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Metal-on-metal (MoM) hip arthroplasties are known to release metal ions including cobalt into the blood stream. Elevated blood cobalt at levels over 250µg/l have been shown to be a risk factor for developing systemic complications including neurological, endocrine and cardiovascular symptoms. Published case reports document cardiomyopathy, a need for cardiac transplantation and, in some cases, death in patients with severely elevated blood cobalt. Clinical studies have found conflicting evidence of cobalt-induced cardiomyopathy in patients with MoM hips. The extent of cardiovascular injury in patients with elevated blood cobalt levels above 250µg/l has not previously been examined and is the focus of the current study.
Extension of an optical coordinate measurement machine with a tactile probe, for combined measurement of optical surfaces and mechanical reference features

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For aspherical and freeform surfaces not only the surface form error but also the position of the surface relative to external references is important (e.g. fiducials like markers, the outside edge, plane orthogonal surfaces, dowel pin holes). The NMF non-contact measurement machine range for freeform optics by Dutch United Instruments (DUI) can be employed for measurements during the entire production process, measuring ground, polished and coated optical surfaces. This machine has now been extended with a second sensor, either a marker camera or a tactile probe, to measure the position of the optical surface relative to the references features. Tactile probe results are discussed in this paper.
Studies and Research on Maximum Flows of the Trotuş River in 1990-2017

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Research has analyzed components of the climate and hydrological regime on the Trotuş River and its tributaries over the past 30 years. The hydrological risk was determined by natural causes, but also by anthropogenic causes. Parameters of hydroclimatic risk are represented of the torrential rainfall, flood flows, high frequency of high flows, high erosion speeds etc. The research revealed that at very low intervals (3-5 years) there were floods with very high flows. Changing the climate regime (precipitation concentration on small days) and the natural relief forms in the hydrographical basin (the Eastern Carpathian Mountains) allowed natural risk to occur in the hydrological regime of the Trotuş River. Anthropic factors, in particular, the modification of the leakage coefficient by deforestation of forests and the change of agricultural use of land with large slopes have contributed to the occurrence of anthropogenic risk in the Trotuş River basin. Corroboration of the two types of risk, natural and anthropic, has led to a hydrological disaster regime in the Trotuş River Basin.
The Association between Smoking Exposure and Reflux Esophagitis: A Cross-sectional Study among Men Conducted as a Part of Health Screening

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), including reflux esophagitis (RE), is recognized as a common gastrointestinal disease, and its prevalence is reported to be increasing. While current cigarette smoking has been established as a risk factor for RE in several cross-sectional studies, most of these studies did not include details concerning the smoking status in their analyses. Smoking-related conditions, such as chronic lung disease and cough, are reportedly also related to GERD. Methods To investigate the association between RE and detailed smoking habits, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of healthy men enrolled in a comprehensive health checkup program conducted in 2015 that included esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy. Smoking status was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. Other smoking-related parameters, including the lung function, cough symptoms and presence of chronic lung disease, were also assessed. Unconditional logistic regression was applied to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for confounding factors. Results The study included 151 subjects with RE (RE group) and 814 without RE (control group). Compared with never-smokers, former smokers (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.9-2.9) and current smokers (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.5-3.9) showed an increased risk of RE. An increased risk of RE was also observed among subjects with current smoking for 10-20 PYs and more than 20 PYs (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-5.8, OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.6-5.7 respectively). An elevated risk was observed in former smokers who reported more than 20 PYs (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3-4.8). When former smokers were stratified according to time since smoking cessation, a significant RE risk was observed in participants who had stopped smoking less than 10 years earlier compared with never smokers (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.3). No significant associations were observed between chronic cough, FEV1.0%, and RE. Conclusion Cumulative lifetime exposure to smoking plays an important role in the risk of RE.
Pegylated Arginine Deiminase Treatment of Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results From Phase I/II Studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose Recently, we reported that a large number of human hepatocellular cancer (HCC) cell lines were auxotrophic for arginine. Here we report the results obtained with the amino acid–degrading enzyme arginine deiminase (ADI) conjugated to polyethylene glycol (ADI-SS PEG 20,000 mw) as a means of lowering plasma arginine to treat HCC. The study was a cohort dose-escalation phase I/II study. Patients and Methods Pharmacodynamic studies indicated an ADI-SS PEG 20,000 mw dose level of 160 U/m 2 was sufficient to lower plasma arginine from a resting level of approximately 130 μmol/L to below the level of detection (< 2 μmol/L) for more than 7 days, a dose later defined as the optimal biologic dose. All patients were to receive three cycles at the optimum biologic dose. Results This therapy was well tolerated, even in patients who had no detectable plasma arginine for 3 continuous months of therapy. Of the 19 patients enrolled, two had a complete response, seven had a partial response, seven had stable disease, and three had progressive disease. The median survival for the 19 patients enrolled on this study was 410 days, with four patients still alive at present (> 680 days). Conclusion Elimination of all detectable plasma arginine in patients with HCC was well tolerated and seemed to be effective in the treatment of some patients with HCC. Further testing of ADI-SS PEG 20,000 mw in a larger population of individuals with HCC as well as other human tumors auxotrophic for arginine is warranted.
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND DIRECTIONS OF THE ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF X FINANCIAL AND BUSINESS ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article discusses the change in the structure of the economy of the territory due to the development of the industrial sector, the achievement of a high level of development of industry, the improvement of its branches, they act as the main prerequisites for the growth of the gross regional product, the increase in the level and quality of life of the population, the attraction of foreign investment and the achievement of the competitiveness of the economy of the territory in regional and world markets.
Scaling of Input Data for Macroscale Hydrologic Modeling

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Hydrologic models provide the land‐phase link between atmospheric models and oceanographic models within the global water cycle. They provide independent validation of the outputs from atmospheric models and may also provide a mechanism to examine the implications of climatic change on water resources. To form a component of a global model, hydrologic models must be applicable at macroscale and continental scale. The sources and scales of input data are critical to the development of such models. Results from the application of a distributed hydrologic model to Canadian watersheds from 500 km 2 to 1.6 million km 2 in area are used to compare errors found using input data at different scales. Data considered include land cover, vegetation index, and snow water equivalent from satellite sensors and distributed climate data from a general circulation model and from numerical weather prediction models. Analysis of the results allows a consideration of appropriate data scaling in the development of macroscale hydrologic models.
Exposure to a more unhealthy diet impacts sleep microstructure during normal sleep and recovery sleep: A randomized trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Although intake of specific macronutrients has been associated with sleep parameters, interventional evidence is lacking. Therefore, this randomized trial was conducted to examine how a more unhealthy high‐fat/high‐sugar (HFHS) diet impacts sleep in humans. Methods In a crossover study, 15 healthy young men consumed two isocaloric diets in random order for a week: an HFHS and a low‐fat/low‐sugar diet. Following each diet, in‐lab sleep was recorded using polysomnography during a full night of sleep and during recovery sleep after extended wakefulness. Sleep duration, macrostructure, and microstructure (oscillatory pattern and slow waves) were investigated using machine learning‐based algorithms. Results Sleep duration did not differ across the diets based on actigraphy and the in‐lab polysomnography. Sleep macrostructure was similar after 1 week on each diet. Compared with the low‐fat/low‐sugar diet, consumption of the HFHS diet resulted in reduced delta power, delta to beta ratio, and slow wave amplitude but increased alpha and theta power during deep sleep. During recovery sleep, similar sleep oscillatory changes were observed. Conclusions Short‐term consumption of a more unhealthy diet alters sleep oscillatory features that regulate the restorative properties of sleep. Whether such changes can mediate adverse health outcomes associated with consumption of an unhealthier diet warrants investigation.
Serum C-reactive protein concentration in acute myocardial infarction and its relationship to mortality during 24 months of follow-up in patients under thrombolytic treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

High serum C-reactive protein concentrations in acute myocardial infarction patients treated with thrombolytic drugs predict increased mortality up to 6 months following the infarction. Accordingly, reduction of inflammatory reaction by successful thrombolytic treatment may make an important contribution to the survival benefit of thrombolytic treatment of acute myocardial infarction.
Twenty-Year Benefit From Adjuvant Goserelin and Tamoxifen in Premenopausal Patients With Breast Cancer in a Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE To assess the long-term (20-year) endocrine therapy benefit in premenopausal patients with breast cancer. METHODS Secondary analysis of the Stockholm trial (STO-5, 1990-1997) randomly assigning 924 premenopausal patients to 2 years of goserelin (3.6 mg subcutaneously once every 28 days), tamoxifen (40 mg orally once daily), combined goserelin and tamoxifen, or no adjuvant endocrine therapy (control) is performed. Random assignment was stratified by lymph node status; lymph node–positive patients (n = 459) were allocated to standard chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil). Primary tumor immunohistochemistry (n = 731) and gene expression profiling (n = 586) were conducted in 2020. The 70-gene signature identified genomic low-risk and high-risk patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis, multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression, and multivariable time-varying flexible parametric modeling assessed the long-term distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI). Swedish high-quality registries allowed a complete follow-up of 20 years. RESULTS In estrogen receptor–positive patients (n = 584, median age 47 years), goserelin, tamoxifen, and the combination significantly improved long-term distant recurrence-free interval compared with control (multivariable hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.75, HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.87, and HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.94, respectively). Significant goserelin-tamoxifen interaction was observed ( P = .016). Genomic low-risk patients (n = 305) significantly benefitted from tamoxifen (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.60), and genomic high-risk patients (n = 158) from goserelin (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.54). Increased risk from the addition of tamoxifen to goserelin was seen in genomic high-risk patients (HR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.39 to 8.07). Moreover, long-lasting 20-year tamoxifen benefit was seen in genomic low-risk patients, whereas genomic high-risk patients had early goserelin benefit. CONCLUSION This study shows 20-year benefit from 2 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor–positive premenopausal patients and suggests differential treatment benefit on the basis of tumor genomic characteristics. Combined goserelin and tamoxifen therapy showed no benefit over single treatment. Long-term follow-up to assess treatment benefit is critical.
Chimerism and Tolerance Without GVHD in Mismatched Recipients of Combined Hematopoietic Stem Cell/Kidney Transplants: Donor-Specific Hyporeactivity Is Not a Reliable Biomarker for Tolerance.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We recently reported low-intensity conditioning combined with facilitating cell (FC)-enriched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (FCRx) can safely achieve high levels of durable chimerism in unrelated and related mismatched kidney transplant (KTx) recipients. This is associated with stable renal function, absence of GVHD, and successful withdrawal of immunosuppression (IS). We herein present interim follow-up on 19 subjects and present data to demonstrate that donor specific hypoactivity does not correlate with tolerance to the renal allograft if durable chimerism is not present. HLA-mismatched related (n = 12) and unrelated (n = 7) living donor KTx recipients were conditioned with fludarabine (days -5,-4,-3), cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg day -3, +3), 200 cGy TBI, (day -1), KTx (day 0), followed by infusion of cryopreserved G-CSF mobilized FCRx (day +1). Multilineage chimerism was assessed by STR analysis. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assays were performed to assess donor-specific hyporeactivity. 18 of 19 patients demonstrated peripheral blood macrochimerism at 1 month post-transplant (6% - 100%). The one patient who failed to engraft was highly sensitized (Class I PRA > 40%). No subjects developed GVHD or “engraftment syndrome.” Durable whole blood and T cell chimerism was achieved in 12 subjects. All patients demonstrated in vitro donor-specific hyporesponsiveness (DSH) by MLR +/- CML post-transplant regardless of chimerism status. However, DSH in patients who lost chimerism was not predictive of successful IS weaning, as 3 transiently chimeric patients with DSH had subclinical Banff 1A rejection on protocol biopsy while on IS monotherapy. Recurrence of underlying autoimmune disease has only occurred in subjects who were transiently chimeric. Protocol biopsies in chimeric subjects have exhibited normal histology for up to 3 years. 12 chimeric subjects are completely off IS from 3-42 months. The presence of durable, high level whole blood and T cell chimerism in combined kidney + FCRx recipients is a robust biomarker of tolerance. DSH without donor chimerism does not predict successful IS withdrawal or tolerance. DISCLOSURES:Gallon, L.: Grant/Research Support, NOvartis. Tollerud, D.: Other, regenerex LLC, COO. Elliot, M.: Employee, REGENEREX LLC. Ildstad, S.: Other, regenerex LLC, CEO.