jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The State of Jobs in Post-Conflict Areas of Sri Lanka

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although Sri Lanka has made significant progress in social and economic development over the past decade, the Northern and Eastern provinces that faced the brunt of the decades-long conflict remain disproportionately poor. To understand the labor market dimensions of poverty in these regions, this paper examines a range of job-related indicators, using data from 2011 to 2015. The overall labor force participation rate in these provinces is significantly lower than in the rest of the country. Much of the difference can be attributed to adult women, although the participation rates of youth and those with lower educational attainment are also low. The distribution of wages for male and female wage workers in these provinces is similar to that in other parts of the country. The pattern of low employment rates and comparable wages is consistent with a combination of low demand for labor and greater reluctance to work in these regions, which each depress employment but have counteracting effects on equilibrium wages. Skills are an issue, as adults in these provinces tend to score lower on literacy tests and have lower self-reported skills in reading, writing, and numeracy. Households in these provinces have less access to formal finance, which may also contribute to a lack of self-employment opportunities.
Characterization of NK Cells Using Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing in Patients With Acute‐On‐Chronic Liver Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background and Aim Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by fast progression and high mortality, with systemic inflammation and immune paralysis as its key events. While natural killer (NK) cells are key innate immune cells, their unique function and subpopulation heterogeneity in ACLF have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of NK cell subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with ACLF and determine their roles in the inflammatory responses. Methods Circulating NK cells (14 751 cells) from patients with ACLF and healthy controls (HCs) were subjected to single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq). Clustering and annotation were used to identify the features of NK cell subsets and the characteristics of disease progression in ACLF. Results Four NK cell subsets were obtained, including adaptive NK cells, mature NK cells, inflamed NK cells, and CD56 bright NK cells. Compared with the HCs, the patients with ACLF had a significantly lower proportion of Mature NK cells and a higher proportion of Inflamed NK cells. Quasi‐temporal analysis showed that Inflamed NK cells were highly enriched in the late quasi‐temporal sequence, and genes related to pro‐inflammatory were significantly up‐regulated in Inflamed NK cells. In addition, scRNA‐seq and flow cytometry confirmed that the expression level of cell migration inducing hyaluronidase 2 ( CEMIP2 ) in NK cells progressively increased from the HC group to the ACLF survival group and then to the ACLF death group. Conclusions scRNA‐seq reveals that Inflamed NK cell subsets are associated with ACLF progression and poor prognosis. CEMIP2 may be a molecular marker for ACLF progression.
A nurse-facilitator intervention improved the use of β-blockers in outpatients with stable congestive heart failure

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Source Citation Ansari M, Shlipak MG, Heidenreich PA, et al. Improving guideline adherence: a randomized trial evaluating strategies to increase β-blocker use in heart failure. Circulation. 2003;107:2799-804. 12756157
Distributed Java applets for project management on the Web

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The rapid evolution of our data communications infrastructure is making distributed projects increasingly viable. Without a common infrastructure, computer-supported collaborative tools for distributed teams have been prohibitively expensive to build and maintain. However, the increasing availability of the Internet is enabling companies to develop cost-effective collaborative solutions. Traditional desktop project management software is designed as a single-user tool that lets the project manager track tasks, milestones and deliverables. As teams spread over geographic distances with multiple centers of control, the communication, coordination, and tracking of ongoing project activity become key issues for project success. This article looks beyond the traditional planning focus of project management applications to a network-centric focus on collaboration. It describes the implementation of ActionPlan, a 100 percent Java-based application from Netmosphere that supports real-time collaboration among Java thin clients to facilitate distributed project management.
Probing $B^+ \to K^+$ semi-leptonic FCNC decay with new physics effects under PQCD approach

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recently, the Belle II Collaboration reported the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to K^+ ν\barν)=(2.3\pm0.7)\times10^{-5}$ with a significance of $3.5σ$, which is $2.7σ$ above the SM expectation. Motivated by this measurement, we calculate this decay channel at the NLO and twist-3 level using the PQCD approach. By combining the lattice QCD data and our results, we obtain form factors with improved accuracy. Using these form factors, we precisely estimate the branching ratios of $B^+ \to K^+$ semileptonic FCNC decays, including $B^+ \to K^+ν\barν$ and $B^+ \to K^+\ell^+\ell^-$. To explain the anomalies in these two processes, we introduce a leptoquark model as a new physics scenario. Using five possible types of leptoquarks, we successfully explain the latest experimental measurements, and further constraints on the leptoquarks are derived.
Predictors for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Response

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a well-established treatment for a subset of patients with chronic heart failure, a considerable proportion of eligible patients still fail to benefit from this treatment. The aim of this study was to identify potential independent predictors for being a responder to CRT. A single-center, retrospective analysis was conducted in 193 consecutive patients with heart failure and wide QRS complex who successfully underwent CRT device implantation from January 2006 to October 2012. Clinical characteristics, left ventricular lead position (LV-Ps), electrocardiography and echocardiography were evaluated before and 12 months after CRT. Response to CRT was defined as an absolute increase of ≥ 5% in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) compared with baseline at 12 months after CRT implantation without heart failure rehospitalization or any cause of death. There were 132 responders (68%) and 61 nonresponders (32%). By univariate logistic analysis, the presence of non-left bundle branch block (non-LBBB) and QRS duration, chronic atrial fibrillation (AF), history of ventricular tachycardia (VT), degree of tricuspid regurgitation and left atrium dimension (LAD) at baseline, ΔQRS duration, and LV-Ps were associated with predicting a response to CRT. However, on multivariate analysis, only optimal LV-Ps and presence of non-LBBB remained independently predictive for a CRT response, with an odds ratio of 2.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-5.66, P = 0.023), 0.15(95% CI: 0.05-0.45, P = 0.001), respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with nonoptimal LV-Ps or non-LBBB morphology had a significantly higher rate of mortality or heart failure rehospitalization as compared with those with optimal LV-Ps or LBBB morphology (P < 0.05).
Predictive analysis for prognosis of CD14+ monocyte HLA-DR in geriatric trauma patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective 　To evaluate the prognostic roles of HLA-DR+/CD14+ expression rate in peripheral blood monocytes in geriatric trauma sepsis. Methods 　A retrospective study of clinical data was carried out. Clinical data of geriatric trauma patients (age≥60 years) admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Command from January 2011 to December 2015 were collected. The expressions of HLA-DR+/CD14+, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected within 24 hours after admission. Spearman correlation analysis was adopted to analyze the correlation between the HLADR+/CD14+ and the length of ICU stay, and between the length of stay and APACHE Ⅱ. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prognostic roles of HLA-DR+/CD14+ expression, PCT, CRP and APACHE Ⅱscore. Results 　There were significant differences between survivors and nonsurvivors in APACHE Ⅱscore (17.49±6.25 vs 27.38±8.68, P<0.05) and the expressions of HLA-DR+/CD14+ (59.80±18.02 vs 37.70±13.96, P<0.01). There were significant differences between sepsis and non-sepsis in APACHEⅡscore (26.16±8.44 vs 17.90±7.04, P<0.01) and the expressions of HLA-DR+/CD14+ (38.61±14.48 vs 59.79±18.17, P<0.01), PCT (34.45±68.29 vs 4.25±8.26, P<0.01) and CRP (129.88±103.25 vs 76.04±73.48, P<0.011). There existed a negative relationship between the HLA-DR+/CD14+ and length of ICU stay (r=–0.304, P=0.008), and APACHE Ⅱ(r=–0.559, P=0.000). There was no significant relationship between the HLA-DR+/CD14+ and length of stay (r=0.188, P=0.106). By ROC for sepsis prognosis, the area under the curve (Mean±SE) of HLA-DR+/CD14+ was 0.807±0.051 (95%CI 0.706-0.907, P=0.000), the AU-ROC (Mean±SE) of PCT was 0.714±0.063 (95% CI：0.591-0.837, P=0.003). The best cut-off for HLA-DR+/ CD14+ was 40%, with the sensitivity of 88.0% and specificity of 60.0%.The best cut-off for PCT was 1.01, with the sensitivity of 84.0% and specificity of 65.0%. By ROC curve analysis for prognosis, the AU-ROC (Mean±SE) of HLA-DR+/CD14+ and APACHE Ⅱwere 0.813±0.049 (95%CI 0.716-0.910, P=0.00) and 0.825±0.052 (95% CI 0.724-0.926, P=0.000), respectively. The best cut-off for HLA-DR+/CD14+ was 36.0%, with the sensitivity of 94.1% and specificity of 50.0%. The best cut-off for APACHE Ⅱwas 20, with the sensitivity of 80.1% and specificity of 65.0%. Conclusion 　Low expression of HLA-DR+/CD14+ indicates hypoimmunity of geriatric trauma patients, and can play an significant role in predicting development of sepsis and poor prognosis.

DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2016.07.10
Supplemental Material - Unpacking Qualitative Methodology to Explore Experiences of Mothers with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the UAE: A Thematic Analysis Inquiry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Supplemental Material forUnpacking Qualitative Methodology to Explore Experiences of Mothers with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the UAE: A Thematic Analysis Inquiry by Nishtha Lamba, Angelique Van Tonder, and Archana Raghavan in International Journal of Qualitative Methods
Global Competition in the Local Marketplace: The Impact of Foreign Cotton Cloth Imports on British West African Cotton Textile Industries during the Pre-colonial and Colonial Eras

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Rodney (1972) asserts that emerging African textile industries were destroyed by the influx of foreign (mostly Indian and later British) textiles by the time European nations had colonized the continent in the nineteenth century. Did pre-colonial and colonial Indian and British textile competition universally devastate cotton cloth industries in British West Africa, or did cotton textile industries engage with and react to foreign cotton cloth imports and industrial interference in different ways and with often more positive outcomes than Rodney (1972) suggests? This investigation employs qualitative and quantitative empirical sources, including underexploited nineteenth- and twentieth-century colonial records, to begin to unravel the complex history of British West African textile production following the shock of the slave trade (which led to an influx of Indian textiles in exchange for slaves) and the industrial revolution (which perpetuated a massive influx of British textiles into the region).
Prevention of unintentional injuries in early childhood: Using an E-health4Uth home safety intervention to promote parents’ child safety behaviours

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

textabstractEvery day around the world the lives of more than two thousand families are torn apart
by the loss of a child due to an unintentional injury [1]. Such tragedy can change lives
irrevocably. It is a major public health problem that requires urgent attention. “Unintentional
injury” is used to refer to injuries that were unplanned. Unintentional injuries can
be defined as events in which the injury occurs in a short period of time (seconds or minutes);
the harmful outcome was not sought; or the outcome was the result of one of the
forms of physical energy in the environment or normal body functions being blocked
by external means, e.g. drowning. The most common unintentional injuries result from
motor vehicle crashes, falls, fires and burns, drowning, poisonings and aspirations [2].
Injury is a major cause of death of children (aged 0-18 years old) throughout the world,
responsible for about 950.000 deaths each year [1, 3]. Unintentional injuries account
for almost 90% of these deaths [1]. Unintentional injuries are also a major cause of disabilities
and loss of quality of live, which can have a long-lasting impact on all facets of
children’s lives, i.e. relationships, learning and play, and their parents’ lives [1, 4-6]. In the
Netherlands unintentional injuries are also the greatest health problem among children
[7, 8]. Each year 18 children aged 0-4 years die caused by unintentional injuries in and
around the home. Additionally 41.000 children aged 0-4 years are medically treated, of
which 23.000 children at the emergency room of a hospital because of unintentional
injuries [9-11]. Among preschool children, toddlers have the highest risk of getting
injured [1, 11]. The direct medical costs of an injury among children aged 0 to 4 years
old, treated at the emergency room or hospitalized, is on average €820 per victim [11].
Promoting healthy behaviour of parents is important in order to reduce the number of
unintentional injuries in young children. This thesis presents studies on the prevention
of unintentional injuries in and around the home with regard to falls, poisoning, drowning,
and burns.
Rhubarb Supplementation Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity and Diabetes in Association with Increased Akkermansia muciniphila in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Obesity and obesity-related disorders, such as type 2 diabetes have been progressively increasing worldwide and treatments have failed to counteract their progression. Growing evidence have demonstrated that gut microbiota is associated with the incidence of these pathologies. Hence, the identification of new nutritional compounds, able to improve health through a modulation of gut microbiota, is gaining interest. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the gut-driving effects of rhubarb extract in a context of diet-induced obesity and diabetes. Eight weeks old C57BL6/J male mice were fed a control diet (CTRL), a high fat and high sucrose diet (HFHS) or a HFHS diet supplemented with 0.3% (g/g) of rhubarb extract for eight weeks. Rhubarb supplementation fully prevented HFHS-induced obesity, diabetes, visceral adiposity, adipose tissue inflammation and liver triglyceride accumulation, without any modification in food intake. By combining sequencing and qPCR methods, we found that all these effects were associated with a blooming of Akkermansia muciniphila, which is strongly correlated with increased expression of Reg3γ in the colon. Our data showed that rhubarb supplementation is sufficient to protect against metabolic disorders induced by a diet rich in lipid and carbohydrates in association with a reciprocal interaction between Akkermansia muciniphila and Reg3γ.
Modelling count data using the logratio-normal-multinomial distribution

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The logratio-normal-multinomial distribution is a count data model resulting from compounding a multinomial distribution for the counts with a multivariate logratio-normal distribution for the multinomial event probabilities. However, the logratio-normal-multinomial probability mass function does not admit a closed form expression and, consequently, numerical approximation is required for parameter estimation. In this work, different estimation approaches are introduced and evaluated. We concluded that estimation based on a quasi-Monte Carlo Expectation-Maximisation algorithm provides the best overall results. Building on this, the performances of the Dirichlet-multinomial and logratio-normal-multinomial models are compared through a number of examples using simulated and real count data.
The effect of acute exercise and gender on the levels of irisin in elite athletes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Irisin is defined as a myokine secreted by skeletal muscle contraction. Myokines are associated with energy metabolism and muscle regeneration capacity. They provide support for active muscles with acute or regular exercises. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of acute exercise on the hormone levels of irisin in taekwondo athletes. Material: Thirteen volunteer elite taekwondo athletes (7 males, 6 females) participated in the study between the ages of 16-20. At the beginning of the study, participants' body compositions were determined. Blood samples were taken before and after acute exercise at 8:00 am after overnight fasting. Plasma irisin hormone analyzes were determined by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The analysis of the data was tested with two-factor (time-gender) analysis of variance in repeated measures. Results: Significant differences were found between body weight, height and body fat percentage in both male and female athletes (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the averages of age, sports experience and body mass index (p>0, 05). The effect of acute exercise and gender on irisin levels was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: As a result, it can be said that acute exercise and gender did not affect the hormone levels of irisin in elite taekwondo athletes.
On Bott-Morse Foliations and their Poisson structures in dimension three

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We show that a Bott-Morse foliation in dimension 3 admits a linear, singular,\nPoisson structure of rank 2 with Bott-Morse singularities. We provide the\nPoisson bivectors for each type of singular component, and compute the\nsymplectic forms of the characteristic distribution.\n
Algorithmically Curated Lies: How Search Engines Handle Misinformation about US Biolabs in Ukraine

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The growing volume of online content prompts the need for adopting algorithmic systems of information curation. These systems range from web search engines to recommender systems and are integral for helping users stay informed about important societal developments. However, unlike journalistic editing the algorithmic information curation systems (AICSs) are known to be subject to different forms of malperformance which make them vulnerable to possible manipulation. The risk of manipulation is particularly prominent in the case when AICSs have to deal with information about false claims that underpin propaganda campaigns of authoritarian regimes. Using as a case study of the Russian disinformation campaign concerning the US biolabs in Ukraine, we investigate how one of the most commonly used forms of AICSs - i.e. web search engines - curate misinformation-related content. For this aim, we conduct virtual agent-based algorithm audits of Google, Bing, and Yandex search outputs in June 2022. Our findings highlight the troubling performance of search engines. Even though some search engines, like Google, were less likely to return misinformation results, across all languages and locations, the three search engines still mentioned or promoted a considerable share of false content (33% on Google; 44% on Bing, and 70% on Yandex). We also find significant disparities in misinformation exposure based on the language of search, with all search engines presenting a higher number of false stories in Russian. Location matters as well with users from Germany being more likely to be exposed to search results promoting false information. These observations stress the possibility of AICSs being vulnerable to manipulation, in particular in the case of the unfolding propaganda campaigns, and underline the importance of monitoring performance of these systems to prevent it.
Ownership structure, corporate risk disclosure and firm value: a Malaysian perspective

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines the ownership structure, corporate risk disclosure and firm value of public listed companies in Malaysia. Specifically, this study examines the relationship between ownership structure namely, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, family ownership and corporate risk disclosure. This study also examines the relationship between corporate risk disclosure and firm value. Using content analysis on the annual reports of 200 top public listed firms over a two year period, this study shows that institutional ownership influences corporate risk disclosure. This study also shows that corporate risk disclosure influences firm value but in a negative way. One possible reason could be due to reporting cost which outweighs the benefits in preparing the information. The findings in this study provide some understanding for the supervisory bodies in evaluating the level of compliance related to corporate risk reporting practices. In addition, the findings in this study could also assist investors to consider ownership structure of a prospect firm as one of the criteria in making investment decision.