jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Laribacter hongkongensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Gram-Negative Bacterium Isolated from a Cirrhotic Patient with Bacteremia and Empyema

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A bacterium was isolated from the blood and empyema of a cirrhotic patient. The cells were facultatively anaerobic, nonsporulating, gram-negative, seagull shaped or spiral rods. The bacterium grows on sheep blood agar as nonhemolytic, gray colonies 1 mm in diameter after 24 h of incubation at 37°C in ambient air. Growth also occurs on MacConkey agar and at 25 and 42°C but not at 4, 44, and 50°C. The bacterium can grow in 1 or 2% but not 3, 4, or 5% NaCl. No enhancement of growth is observed with 5% CO 2 . The organism is aflagellated and nonmotile at both 25 and 37°C. It is oxidase, catalase, urease, and arginine dihydrolase positive, and it reduces nitrate. It does not ferment, oxidize, or assimilate any sugar tested. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that there are 91 base differences (6.2%), 112 base differences (7.7%), and 116 base differences (8.2%) between the bacterium and Microvirgula aerodenitrificans , Vogesella indigofera , and Chromobacterium species, respectively. The G+C content (mean and standard deviation) is 68.0% ± 2.43%, and the genomic size is about 3 Mb. Based on phylogenetic affiliation, the bacterium belongs to the Neisseriaceae family of the β-subclass of Proteobacteria . For these reasons, a new genus and species, Laribacter hongkongensis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed, for which HKU1 is the type strain. Further studies should be performed to ascertain the potential of this bacterium to become an emerging pathogen.
Morbidity and financial burden associated with reoperation after lumbar discectomy: results from a study evaluating annular closure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the outcomes and costs of reoperation following primary discectomy, with or without an annular closure device (ACD) in patients at highest risk of reherniation. Methods: This is a post-hoc analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
Epitope Enhancement of a CD4 HIV Epitope toward the Development of the Next Generation HIV Vaccine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Virus-specific CD4+ T cell help and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses are critical for maintenance of effective immunity in chronic viral infections. The importance of CD4+ T cells has been documented in HIV infection. To investigate whether a stronger CD4+ T cell response can be induced by modifications to enhance the T1 epitope, the first CD4+ T cell epitope discovered in HIV-1-gp120, we developed a T1-specific CD4+ T cell line from a healthy volunteer immunized with a canarypox vector expressing gp120 and boosted with recombinant gp120. This T1-specific CD4+ T cell line was restricted to DR13, which is common in U.S. Caucasians and African-Americans and very frequent in Africans. Peptides with certain amino acid substitutions in key positions induced enhanced specific CD4+ T cell proliferative responses at lower peptide concentration than the original epitope. This relatively conserved CD4 epitope improved by the epitope enhancement strategy could be a component of a more effective second generation vaccine construct for HIV infection.
Numerical and experimental investigation of the effect of moonpool positioning on the hydrodynamics of floating drilling production storage and offloading vessel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Floating Drilling Production Storage and Offloading (FDPSO) Platform is functionally a non-propelled vessel and belongs to a subset of a wider group of vessels called Floating Production Systems (FPS). The FDPSO, besides its unique attribute of drilling capability, has all the functionalities of FPSOs. Given the remote offshore locations of oil fields, FDPSOs provide viable economic solution for drilling, production, storage and offloading to smaller vessels for transportation of oil. This paper addresses the designer's concern in the critical role of positioning of the moonpool since it has a direct bearing on the dynamic effects experienced by the platform. The investigation provides valuable quantitative insights into the important effects on drag during towing, sloshing effect within the moonpool and motion dynamics due to the liquid oscillation. The results of this investigation using numerical and experimental tools, is expected to give key inputs for the designer towards the design of better performing FDPSO platform and benefit the industry. This paper investigates the vessel dynamics including the liquid oscillation behaviour inside the moonpool as a function of the moonpool location in the vessel. The results of the study are important inputs to a designer for consideration of new designs. The FDPSO is a dedicated design of a large capacity platform, different from the conventional FPSO which is usually a retrofitted ship for the purpose. The investigation is based on computational simulation using a commercial RANSE solver namely, STAR-CCM+. Comparison with results from towing tank tests serves to initially validate the numerical simulation-based results. The study performs hydrodynamic diffraction analysis using a potential flow-based solver, namely ANSYS – AQWA. A simplified hull form represents the FDPSO, considering that it is a platform predominantly stationary in operation. However, drag and interactive effects with the moonpool as well as a liquid oscillation in the moonpool are important dynamic conditions for investigation in stationary as well as transit conditions during the tow. The focus of the investigation is on moonpool dynamics in calm water and regular sea conditions and ship motion in waves. The moonpool is vertical circular cylindrical shaped and the investigation considers three moonpool locations namely, at the forward, the midship and the aft, respectively. The water column in the moonpool experiences large oscillatory motions in the piston mode or the sloshing mode. The analysis captures the flow physics, amplitude of oscillations, hydrodynamics resistance and the vessel motion response. The results obtained establish that the location of the moonpool contributes to the augmentation of the cavity drag in the FDPSO. For the selected parameters, the study indicates that the moonpool located in the forward region gives better performance as compared to responses in the other locations.
INFLUENCE OF SHAPE FORM ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAPES OF KUNLEAN AND PERVENETS MAGARACHА VARIETIES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The research was carried out in 2009, 2010, 2017, 2018 on the grape plantations of the experimental site of the Novocherkassk branch of the All-Russian Research Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking (Novocherkassk, Rostov region). In the vineyard of the Kunlean variety (rootstock Kober 5BB), planted in 2003 according to the 3x1.5 m scheme, the experiment provided for two options with bush shapes: a two-sided horizontal cordon and a two-sided horizontal cordon with a ground sleeve and a recovery knot. On the root-related plantings of grapes tolerant to phylloxera of the Pervenets Magaracha variety, planted in 1986 according to the same scheme, the forms of the bush were studied: a two-sided horizontal cordon, a long-sleeve and a two-sided horizontal cordon with a ground sleeve and a recovery knot. The load of shoots in all variants for both varieties was the same — 40 shoots per bush. The purpose of the research was a comparative analysis of the fruitfulness, yield and quality of grapes, depending on the shape of the bush. As a result of many years of research, it was revealed: on the Pervenets Magaracha variety, the highest rates of fertility (the share of fruit-bearing shoots is 82 %, K 1 — 1.45) and yield (14.0 t/ha) were in plantings with the form of bushes-a two-sided horizontal cordon with a ground sleeve and a recovery knot. The quality of the grapes was approximately equal in the variants with a long-sleeve and shaping and a two-sided horizontal cordon with a ground sleeve. The data on the annual growth of shoots were the lowest in the variant with a single-arm stem shape (shoot volume of 7.9 cm 3 , maturation of 44 %). On the Kunlean variety, the highest parameters of fruitfulness (the share of fruit — bearing shoots is 85 %, K 1 — 1.80), yield (27.0 t/ha) and the quality of berry juice (230 sugars and 7.8 g/cm 3 titrated acids) were in plantings with the form of bushes-a two-sided horizontal cordon with a ground sleeve. Data on the annual growth of shoots were also higher in this variant (shoot volume 35.0 cm 3 , aging 68 %).
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HAEMOGLOBIN: III. VARIANT Aβ (bm 12) BUT NOT Ae (D2.GD) Ia POLYPEPTIDES ALTER IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS TOWARDS THE α‐SUBUNIT OF HUMAN HAEMOGLOBIN

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Mice bearing the I‐A subregion mutation bm12 were immunized and challenged with the α‐subunit of human adult haemoglobin. Under conditions in which parental B6/Kh mice respond, B6.C‐H‐2 bm12 mice are inhibited nearly 100% in their ability to respond to challenge to the α‐chain of haemoglobin. D2.GD mice which express a variant A e (E β ) polypeptide of the I‐E subregion can respond as well as B10.D2 mice to both subunits (α‐ and β‐) of haemoglobin. These observations as well as other genetic mapping data confirm the I‐A mapping of α‐chain‐specific Ir genes and extend the genetic fine mapping to the A β gene within the I‐A subregion or a combinatorial Ia determinant generated by an interaction of A α and A β . In addition they implicate the Ia.8 specificity in determining immune responsiveness to α‐chain determinants.
Batchman and Robin: Batched and Non-batched Branching for Interactive ZK

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Vector Oblivious Linear Evaluation (VOLE) supports fast and scalable interactive Zero-Knowledge (ZK) proofs. Despite recent improvements to VOLE-based ZK, compiling proof statements to a control-flow oblivious form (e.g., a circuit) continues to lead to expensive proofs. One useful setting where this inefficiency stands out is when the statement is a disjunction of clauses \mathcalL _1 łor \cdots łor \mathcalL _B. Typically, ZK requires paying the price to handle all B branches. Prior works have shown how to avoid this price in communication, but not in computation.
Development of next-generation road services by public and private joint research

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Infrastructure-vehicle cooperative system called Smartway is currently promoted in Japan. National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (NILIM) under Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) plays a vital role to prompt the project under cooperation of public and private sector. Through the past experiences of ETC (Electronic Toll Collection System) and VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System), it is recognized that joint research scheme is an effective way to implement infrastructure-vehicle cooperative system so that current research and development project is also forwarded under joint research scheme. This paper covers some of the past ITS projects in Japan and current research and development of the next-generation road services.
Pesticide risk assessment for seed treatments: review of the updated EFSA bird and mammal guidance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Seed treatment technology allows a targeted application of plant protection products (PPPs) to protect crop seeds and emerging seedlings from soil-borne pests and diseases. This highly focused application of seed treatments highlights their potential as a precision application tool, resulting in reduced pesticide use and exposure to non-target organisms compared to overspray, while supporting efficient crop production. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recently published an updated risk assessment guidance for birds and mammals (EFSA, 2023), including a scheme for seed treatment uses. Here, we present illustrative risk assessment results according to EFSA (2023) based on active substance toxicity data and seed treatment specific commercial use patterns according to Good Agricultural Practice (GAP). Our results demonstrate a high failure rate at Tier 1 and higher tiers, resulting in the need for weight of evidence for the majority of products to further refine the assumed risk to birds and mammals. We discuss these high failure rates in the context of an apparent mismatch between implicit assumptions of the EFSA (2023) risk assessment scheme and anticipated real-world field conditions, with agronomic practices linked to modern sowing technology and the ecology of species not being realistically reflected. Aiming toward a harmonized evaluation of seed treatment uses by different member states, we propose how the risk assessment scheme could be adapted by including more realism at Tier 1 and higher tiers. The development of precision agriculture and associated review of risk assessment procedures offers regulators and risk managers a timely opportunity to consider these proposals to the risk assessment scheme for crop seed treatments.
[Sedative and hypnotic properties of propofol during epidural or spinal anesthesia].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The sedative and hypnotic properties of propofol were studied in 40 patients undergoing elective gynecologic or orthopedic surgery using epidural (epidural group, n = 20) or spinal (spinal group, n = 20) anesthesia. Patients were given a bolus dose of 1 mg.kg-1 immediately followed by a continuous infusion of 4 mg.kg-1.h-1 of propofol after epidural or spinal anesthesia. The patients were asked to open their eyes on command at 10-sec interval from the end of the bolus infusion of propofol. We administered oxygen when SpO2 decreased below 93%. The mean induction time to reach the level of sedation, no response to verbal command to open their eyes, was 6 +/- 10 (SD) min in the epidural group, and 7 +/- 17 min in the spinal group. The mean recovery times, judged by ability to open eyes and recall date of birth, were 4 +/- 4 min and 7 +/- 6 min in the epidural group, and 4 +/- 4 min and 5 +/- 5 min in the spinal group, respectively. There were no differences in all recorded times between the two groups. Oxygen inhalation was needed in 75% of the patients in the epidural group and 100% in the spinal group. These results indicate that bolus and continuous infusion of propofol produces rapid induction, deep level of sedation, and rapid recovery during epidural or spinal anesthesia. However, respiratory depression appeared at this infusion rate during regional anesthesia.
Long‐Range Lateral Transport of Dissolved Manganese and Iron in the Subarctic Pacific

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Dissolved manganese (dMn) and iron (dFe) are important micronutrients for marine microorganisms. In this study, we presented comprehensive distributions of dMn in the subarctic Pacific and compared our Mn data with those of dFe in the same region. dMn and dFe exhibited a scavenged‐type and nutrient‐type vertical profile, respectively. We also determined the size fractionation of Mn at two stations and found that most of dMn was in the soluble fraction, in contrast to dFe, which included colloidal organic particles. In the coastal surface waters of the Gulf of Alaska, Mn was supplied from a riverine source. Drawdowns of dFe, dMn, and macronutrient were observed along the salinity gradient. Both dMn and dFe were transported eastward, with log‐scale transport distances of 3,600 and 3,300 km, respectively in the upper intermediate water, and 4,700 and 3,400 km, respectively in the lower intermediate water. In the upper intermediate water, dMn showed a positive relationship with apparent oxygen utilization, suggesting that regeneration processes could supply dMn to these waters. However, mixing with water masses from the subtropical North Pacific reduced dMn concentration. High dissolved oxygen concentrations in these waters also increased the rate of dMn loss relative to the lower intermediate water. The transport distances of dMn found in this study were the highest in the Pacific region. This long‐range transport of dMn and dFe could eventually fuel phytoplankton growth at the surface via upwelling processes.
Sustained Release Thiolated Chitosan Based Nanoparticulate In Situ Gel for Ocular Delivery of Prulifloxacin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: The purpose of the study was to formulate and evaluate thiolated chitosan based nanoparticulate mucoadhesive ophthalmic in situ gelling system of prulifloxacin for bacterial keratoconjunctivitis. Keywords: Thiolated chitosan, in situ gel, nanoparticles, ophthalmic, mucoadhesive, prulifloxacin.
Molecular Profiling of Peanut under Raw, Roasting, and Autoclaving Conditions Using High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning and Solution 1H NMR Spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Higher rates of peanut allergy have been observed in countries that commonly roast peanuts prior to consumption. Despite the importance of understanding the role of thermal processing in allergy and on peanut composition, studies toward generating signatures that identify molecular contents following processing are scant. Here, we identified spectral signatures to track changes and differences in the molecular composition of peanuts under raw, roasted, and high-pressure and high-temperature autoclaved conditions. We analyzed both the solid flesh of the seed and solutions derived from soaking peanuts using High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HR-MAS) and solution 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, respectively. The NMR spectra of intact peanuts revealed triglycerides as the dominant species, assigned on the basis of multiplets at 4.1 and 4.3 ppm, and corresponding defatted flours revealed the presence of sugars. Sucrose assigned based on a doublet at 5.4 ppm (anomeric proton), and triglycerides were the most abundant small molecules observed, with little variation between conditions. Soaked peanut solutions were devoid of lipids, and their resulting spectra matched the profiles of defatted peanuts. Spectral signatures resulting from autoclaving differed strikingly between those from raw and roasted peanuts, with considerable line-broadening in regions corresponding to proteins and amino-acid side chains, from 0.5 to 2.0 ppm and 6.5 to 8.5 ppm. Taken together, by using complementary NMR methods to obtain a fingerprint of the molecular components in peanuts, we demonstrated that autoclaving led to a distinct composition, likely resulting from the hydrolytic cleavage of proteins, the most important molecule of the allergic reaction.
Application of Iron and Zinc Nanochelates Enhances the Productivity and Nutritional Quality of Intercropping Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: Nanofertilizers are a new product containing nutrients available in Nano form scale and are mainly preferred due to their effectiveness. Methods: This research was conducted to assess a three-replicate randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial experiment in Roudbar area (Kerman province, Iran) in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effects of Nano iron and zinc chelates on Nano iron and zinc chelates on agronomic and qualitative traits of cowpea in cover crops was investigated. Treatments included the first factor, the cropping system at five levels of cowpea and maize cropping pattern (PC: pure Cultivation, IC1: 75% maize+ 25% cowpea, IC2: 50% maize+ 50% cowpea, IC3: 25% maize+75% cowpea.) and the second factor, four levels of nano-chelate (nano iron chelate, nano zinc chelate and nano iron chelate + nano zinc chelate) and control treatments. Result: The highest Protein of seed (28.6%), Grain yield (2813 Kg/ha) and Harvest index (44.4%) was measured for cowpea in treatment IC3 under Zn application alone, while the lowest Protein of seed (16.9%) and Grain yield (1618 Kg/ha) was observed in treatment CPC and Harvest index (36%) in treatment IC2 under Control. The highest Protein of seed (22.2%) in treatment IC1 under Zn application, Grain yield (12050 Kg/ha) in treatment MPC under Fe application and Harvest index (54.8%) was measured for maize in treatment MPC under Fe application, while the lowest Protein of seed (7.4%) and Grain yield (9980Kg/ha) was observed in treatment MPC Control and Harvest index (36.5%) in treatment IC1 under Control for maize. Simultaneously applying nano iron and zinc chelates increased all the quantitative and qualitative traits measured in both crops.
Eco-innovation and the circular economy in the automotive industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Circular economy is emerging as a new sustainability paradigm. Similarly, eco-innovation is being recognized as one of the most important mechanisms that allow the transition from a linear to a circular economy in production processes, as there is a strong relationship between eco-innovation (eco-innovation of products, processes and management) and circular economy activities. However, the relationship between eco-innovation and circular economy is an issue that has been isolated and little analyzed in the academic literature. Therefore, this research fills this gap by exploring the interdependence between eco-innovation and circular economy. Design/methodology/approach The research is conducted through an extensive literature review from where a research framework consisting of two measurement scales, 18 items and three hypotheses were developed. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed and 460 responses were obtained from companies in the automotive and auto parts industry in Mexico. The data obtained were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. Findings The results suggest that eco-innovation of products, process and management has a significant positive impact on the circular economy of companies in the automotive and auto parts industry. Practical implications The findings of this research can inform managers in the automotive sector and policymakers when formulating and deploying environmentally sustainable strategies. Originality/value This paper fills a research gap by expanding the limited body of knowledge that relates eco-innovation and circular economy and providing some evidence of their relationship. The research also allows the unique characteristics of eco-innovation and the circular economy to be understood within a particular context, growing in this manner the body of knowledge on this field.