jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inventorization of ethnobotanical use of some medicinal halophytes plants in the Algerian arid zone (Biskra)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Context: The population's use of halophyte plants in traditional medicine is a fundamental component of the exploration of natural remedies. Aims: To analyze a list of halophyte plants and their ethnobotanical characteristics, with a focus on those most commonly used in traditional medicine in the southeast of Algeria (Biskra). Methods: The ethnobotanical surveys were conducted between 2017 and 2019 by interviewing 120 informants using a questionnaire and applying a semi-structured interview methodology. The data was analyzed using ethnobotanical statistical tools, including the informant consensus factor (ICF), citation frequency (CF), use value (UV), family importance value (FIV), relative frequency of citation (RFC), plant part value (PPV), and relative importance (RI), as well as statistics analysis (ANOVA) to compare the use of medicinal plants according to age, gender, and education level. Results: The results of the survey enabled us to identify 12 species distributed across eight different families. The most common family was that of the Amaranthaceae (four species), while the most frequently utilized parts of plants were leaves (PPV = 0.4). Furthermore, decoctions were the most commonly prepared form (33.39%). The highest ICF values were observed for the endocrinological and digestive disease groups (ICF = 0.97). The statistical analysis (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference in the knowledge of the use of halophyte plants in traditional medicine according to age and level of education. Conclusions: The findings of this research suggest that the halophyte flora in our arid study area may offer a promising source for the discovery of new drugs, a prospect that requires further investigation and exploration.
Study on the improvement method of Goodman-Smith Fatigue Limit Diagrams based on IIW Standard and Unilateral Tolerance Coefficient Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

The Goodman-Smith (GS) diagrams are widely used for fatigue strength assessment of bogies as a common method for welded structures. The traditional GS diagrams proposed by the UIC ORE B12/RP17 standard suffer from the problems of too large a safety factor leading to loose assessment results, data scarcity, and low safety margins for low survival rates. Therefore, an improved method of GS diagrams for base metals and welded joints was proposed. The traditional GS diagrams were improved by combining the IIW standard and the unilateral tolerance coefficient method. The design guidelines of the traditional GS diagrams were incorporated into the improved GS diagrams to obtain the improved design guidelines. Within this framework, the improved GS diagrams were validated by applying base metal specimens with three common welded joints. The results showed that the safety factor was reduced to 0.3–0.5 times the original factor for the same survival rate and confidence level. The accuracy of the fatigue strength assessment was improved. Finally, the improved GS diagrams were used for the fatigue strength assessment of the critical base metal and weld region of the bogie frame, which provided a new reference for the fatigue strength assessment research in the field of rail transport.
The Romanticization of Charismatic Leadership in the Arts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This inter-disciplinary article focuses on the role, significance, and impact of charisma in cultural leadership. It brings together fresh empirical data with a critical review of the literature to investigate the role of charisma in the operation, reputation, and strategic success of arts organizations. For the first time, this article synthesizes a diverse range of literature from sociology, psychology, political science, management, and leadership studies and applies it critically to the context of the arts. This comprehensive review is compared against interviews with key stakeholders in the arts, which challenge the neo-charismatic literature on leadership and support a return to aspects of the original formulation of charisma, as envisaged by Max Weber. The article finds that charismatic leaders are seen as extraordinary individuals and are excessively romanticized by arts managers, policymakers, and audiences. It questions this normative bias and concludes that charismatic leaders should be treated with a degree of skepticism, even caution, to temper any negative impacts on "followers" and organizations.
A Ca 2+ -Dependent Transgenic Model of Cardiac Hypertrophy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background —Calcium imbalances have been implicated as an underlying mechanism of human cardiac dysfunction. The voltage-dependent calcium channel plays a critical role in calcium regulation in the heart. Thus, aberrant calcium signaling arising from this channel could initiate the calcium imbalances observed in heart failure. In the present study, we used a transgenic mouse with an increased number of L-type calcium channels to identify the role of an increased, sustained ingress of calcium as an initiator of hypertrophy. Methods and Results —Whole-heart histology and electrophysiology in isolated cardiomyocytes identified calcium-channel overexpression in the hearts of transgenic mice. Calcium-channel density was increased in 2-, 4-, and 8-month-old transgenic cardiomyocytes. Ventricular fibrosis, damage, and remodeling became more pronounced as the transgenic mice aged. Apoptosis was also present in transgenic hearts at 8 months of age. Increased protein kinase Cα activation was elevated before the development of hypertrophy and failure. Conclusions —Transgenic mice developed hypertrophy and severe cardiomyopathy as a function of age, thus confirming that changes in channel density are sufficient to induce disease. The small, sustained increase in the ingress of Ca 2+ through the calcium channel elevated protein kinase Cα before the development of hypertrophy, suggesting that protein kinase Cα plays an important role in triggering hypertrophy.
Profitability of Cooperatives and Investor-Owned Firms in the Greek Dairy Industry

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Comparison between the factors affecting cooperative and investor-owned firms (IOFs) profitability has not been examined in a particular market by empirical studies. This paper examines the determinants of profitability of cooperative and IOFs in the Greek dairy industry in the period 1990- 94. The results show that IOFs, in contrast to the cooperatives, apply effectively competitive strategies (advertising and diversification) to increase their profitability.
Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Nucleic Acids

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract This chapter elucidates the extracellular and intracellular barriers that lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encounter after systemic administration. Understanding the challenges in the delivery will lead to a rational design of novel lipid molecules or nanometric devices that could address these challenges. A bottom‐up strategy is also provided in this chapter to identify the latest progression in lipid component development in the LNPs, andvarious formulations that were exploited to encapsulate nucleic acid for successful in vivo delivery are compared. The nucleic acids in this review include pDNA, siRNA, and antisense oligonucleotide (ODN), which serveeither for gain of function or for loss of function to treat various diseases.
Analysis of the Influence of BOT Mode on the Financing of Sewage Treatment Enterprises in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Environmental protection is now a hot topic. The international community has also signed many international documents in different fields to strengthen the synergy of environmental issues. After years of capacity, China’s environmental problems have improved. This is due to the country’s efforts to solve this problem. On the other hand, we continue to learn from the practices of some advanced countries and apply it to our country’s environmental protection practices. A typical example of absorbing advanced experience and practices is the exploration of financing. It breaks the original single investment and financing system and adopts financing methods such as stock financing and BOT mode. This is also an innovation of our country in exploring the environmental protection system. As far as the current situation is concerned, BOT has been relatively mature due to its wide range of applications, and it has also accumulated some mature practices. As far as the actual situation is concerned, the BOT model has its own characteristics, and its application in the field of sewage treatment is relatively concentrated and extensive. After introducing the role of the BOT model in China’s environmental protection field, this paper focuses on the role of the BOT model in wastewater treatment enterprises and some issues that should be noted, and finally proposes countermeasures.
Khwāja Hasan Nizāmī's "Krishna-Biti"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Khwaja Hasan Nizami (1873-1955) grew up among the custodians of one of the major Sufi institutions in India, the Nizamuddin shrine in Delhi. Breaking with his family’s hereditary role of being pilgrim guides and professional petitioners,1 Nizami became one of the more successful Urdu journalists and writers of the early 20th century. One major theme of his literary output was the vanished glory of the Mughal Empire. He is credited with a vast number of works on a wide variety of subjects,2 often pamphlets or articles, as well as novels. In literary circles, he was especially recognized for his popular semi-autobiographical diaries called Roznamcha.
Quad-LED OTFS Modulation in Indoor Visible Light Communication Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation in multi-LED indoor visible light wireless communications. Specifically, we propose two quad-LED OTFS schemes, namely, 1) quad-LED complex modulation OTFS (QCM-OTFS), and 2) spatial modulation dual-LED complex modulation OTFS (SM-DCM-OTFS). The proposed QCM-OTFS scheme sends the magnitudes of real and imaginary parts of complex signals through intensity modulation (IM) and their sign information through spatial indexing of LEDs. The proposed SM-DCM-OTFS scheme sends the magnitude and phase of complex signals (polar representation) through a pair of LEDs and frame indexing across two pairs of LEDs. The proposed schemes do not require Hermitian symmetry and DC bias operations to obtain real positive valued signals suited for IM of LEDs. We obtain upper bounds on the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed schemes, which are tight at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Compared to the QCM-OFDM and SM-DCM-OFDM schemes known in the literature, the proposed schemes achieve significantly better BER performance. We also analyze the spatial distribution of the SNR gain in the proposed QCM-OTFS/SM-DCM-OTFS schemes compared to QCM-OFDM/SM-DCM-OFDM schemes using the ratio of minimum distance of normalized received signal sets as a metric.
Absorptive Capacity and the Growth Effects of Regional Transfers

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Transfers to individuals, firms, and regions are often regulated by threshold rules, giving rise to a regression discontinuity design. An example are transfers provided by the European Commission to regions of EU member states below a certain income level. Researchers have focused on estimation of the average treatment effect of this program, assuming that it does not vary in a systematic way across units. We suggest a regression discontinuity design which allows for parametric or nonparametric identification of heterogeneous average treatment effects that systematically vary with observable characteristics in order to shed light on the role of absorptive capacity in determining the impact of regional transfers on economic growth across regions in the European Union. The results suggest that only about 47% of the regions, namely those with a sufficiently high endowment with human capital and a high quality of government, are able to turn transfers under the Union's Objective 1 Structural Funds programme into faster growth. Those regions are the ones which are responsible for a positive average effect of the programme.
Enhancing Autonomous Vehicles System Security: Advanced Attack Detection for Robust Safeguarding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The advances in highly automated and autonomous transportation systems over the last decade have generated great interest in topics in the safe navigation of land vehicles. With distributed control strategies employed in the majority of applications of autonomous vehicles, such as traffic and formation control, the much-required resilience takes the form of fault-tolerance with respect to information corruption, especially, when such information is utilized in closed-loop control. This study addresses the topic of detection of malicious attacks in a decentralized traffic control system for land vehicles. The proposed method employs trajectory prediction based on a hierarchical Model Predictive Control scheme, as well as, vehicle-to-vehicle communication in order to generate redundancy of collision risk information. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated in Eclipse Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) considering the scenario of junction traffic management.
DOPSIE: Deep-Order Proximity and Structural Information Embedding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Graph-embedding algorithms map a graph into a vector space with the aim of preserving its structure and its intrinsic properties. Unfortunately, many of them are not able to encode the neighborhood information of the nodes well, especially from a topological prospective. To address this limitation, we propose a novel graph-embedding method called Deep-Order Proximity and Structural Information Embedding (DOPSIE). It provides topology and depth information at the same time through the analysis of the graph structure. Topological information is provided through clustering coefficients (CCs), which is connected to other structural properties, such as transitivity, density, characteristic path length, and efficiency, useful for representation in the vector space. The combination of individual node properties and neighborhood information constitutes an optimal network representation. Our experimental results show that DOPSIE outperforms state-of-the-art embedding methodologies in different classification problems.
Leadership, empowerment, and burnout in female team-sport athletes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Empowerment has been showing to mediate the levels of burnout in employees. Leadership has been correlated with levels of burnout in athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects on perceived empowerment of the coaches' leadership style on burnout levels in female team-sport college athletes. The research hypotheses were as follows: Leadership style will be correlated with burnout. Leadership style will be correlated with psychological empowerment. Leadership style and burnout will be mediated by psychological empowerment. The study used a correlational design with a mediational model tested by a stepwise regression. The variables tested in this study were leadership, perceived empowerment, and burnout levels and were measured using the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (M = 33.84, SD = 9.04), Empowering Leadership Questionnaire (M = 38.39, SD = 8.04), and the Perceived Empowerment Scale (M = 87.05, SD = 11.39). Participants also provided demographic information, and athletic status. Results: Hypotheses 1 and 2 were supported with leadership being negatively correlated with burnout and positively correlated with psychological empowerment (r = −.52, p < .05; r = .46, p < .05). Hypothesis 3 was supported by a stepwise regression that showed a 17.8% reduction in variance accounted for by leadership in burnout after controlling for psychological empowerment, F (2, 82) = 25.49, p < .05).
A Storage Centric Approach to Authentication on Internet of Things

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) is among the most important topics of research. It is essentially an interconnection of a great number of small devices over the Internet. These small devices are generally equipped with low power radios and suffer from numerous constraints, notably limited memory, limited power, and low computational capacity. Developing security mechanisms for such Internet enabled low power networks pose a real challenge. Authentication and access control are significant and critical functionalities in the context of IoT to permit secure communication between devices. For the IoT, it is not possible to carry out directly the classic security countermeasures since most of the existing mechanisms are designed for devices with higher computational capacity as compared to IoT devices. Security in IoT is often bootstrapped with the aid of cryptographic key distribution amongst devices. In this case, one of the greatest research challenges is to assure secure key storage via sensors taking their limited resources into account. This paper introduces an enhancement of the existing secure bootstrapping mechanism of the standard IETF 6TiSCH protocol in which a distributed data storage is used for the management of the authentication keys. With this distributed approach, the objective is to minimize the communication overhead of the IETF 6TiSCH authentication mechanism, enable an efficient authentication process and enhance energy efficiency of the network through holding the authentication parameters at the edge of the IoT network.
‘Personalization or fictionalization of national history in Zimbabwe?’ A re-evaluation of the Political careers of Ian Smith and Ndabaningi Sithole

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The historiography concerning the making of Zimbabwe as an independent nation has been written from various perspectives and by using different sources, both primary and secondary ones. The study constitutes a re-evaluation of the political careers of Ndabaningi Sithole and Ian Douglas Smith against the background of their autobiographies as forms of primary resources of national history for Zimbabwe. It will be noted that autobiographical writing is a fruit of an arduous process of human construction, de-construction and re-construction done in the shadow of some interlocking interests, fears and pressures that surround the autobiographer. The present study contends that every personal engagement in the writing of history of a particular people or nation is a moralizing crusade or enterprise, whether by default or by design. Evidently, that is how the characteristic elements of objectivity and subjectivity come to the fore vis- a- vis the status of autobiography as a source and resource of national (or patriotic) history.
Strategi Strategi Menghadapi Tantangan Lingkungan Eksternal dalam Dunia Pendidikan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The world of education currently faces many dynamic external environmental challenges, such as changes in government policy, technological developments, labor market demands and socio- cultural changes. To face this challenge, educational institutions must develop adaptive and proactive strategies. This strategy includes curriculum innovation to adapt to current needs, increasing the capacity of teaching staff through continuous education and the application of technology in the learning process to increase access to skills and quality of education. Apart from that, collaboration with external parties such as industry and society is also important to create synergies that support the relevance and competitiveness of graduates. By taking a comprehensive and responsive approach, educational institutions can continue to grow and make meaningful contributions to ever-changing external challenges
A Systematic Review of Vocational Interventions for Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Many individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are approaching adolescence and young adulthood; interventions to assist these individuals with vocational skills are not well understood. This study systematically reviewed evidence regarding vocational interventions for individuals with ASD between the ages of 13 and 30 years. METHODS: The Medline, PsycINFO, and ERIC databases (1980–December 2011) and reference lists of included articles were searched. Two reviewers independently assessed each study against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted data regarding participant and intervention characteristics, assessment techniques, and outcomes, and assigned overall quality and strength of evidence ratings based on predetermined criteria. RESULTS: Five studies were identified; all were of poor quality and all focused on on-the-job supports as the employment/vocational intervention. Short-term studies reported that supported employment was associated with improvements in quality of life (1 study), ASD symptoms (1 study), and cognitive functioning (1 study). Three studies reported that interventions increased rates of employment for young adults with ASD. CONCLUSIONS: Few studies have been conducted to assess vocational interventions for adolescents and young adults with ASD. As such, there is very little evidence available for specific vocational treatment approaches as individuals transition to adulthood. All studies of vocational approaches were of poor quality, which may reflect the recent emergence of this area of research. Individual studies suggest that vocational programs may increase employment success for some; however, our ability to understand the overall benefit of supported employment programs is limited given the existing research.
A model of the ULF magnetic and electric field generated from a dust devil

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It has been demonstrated that terrestrial dust devils emit ULF magnetic radiation. On Mars, dust devils may also generate such magnetic emissions, which might be used as a hazard alert for manned missions. Specifically, grains in dust devils become charged via contact electrification, and it has been proposed that the cyclonic motion of these charged grains in the vortex wind fields accounts for the magnetic emission. To test this hypothesis in general and the possible Mars application, a computer simulation of the contact electrification/wind blowing phenomena was created, with the charge distribution and resulting magnetic fields monitored as a function of time. The results indicate that indeed a fluctuating charge distribution in a vortex wind can account for the ULF magnetic fields measured from a dust devil. The contact electrification process is a function of composition, and we demonstrate that the various compositions will give rise to different magnetic field responses from the dust devil. We also demonstrate that this system of swirling charged grains develops vertical currents and associated electric fields, as suggested in preceding works.
Tris(3-nitrophenyl)phosphine oxide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The title compound, C18H15N3O7P, has a P=O bond length of 1.486 (2) A. The P—C bond lengths range from 1.806 (4) to 1.812 (3) A, and the C—N bond distances are in the range 1.471 (4)–1.479 (5) A.