jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A theoretical analysis on electrostatic lower-hybrid wave propagation in plasmas with magnetic ripple: Nonlinear oscillations, resonances, ray tracing, and spectral gap

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The analytical expression for the frequency of the unperturbed radial electrostatic lower-hybrid (LH) ray oscillations is derived, which constitutes the first analytically calculable result in nonlinear LH ray dynamics. For LH current drive (CD) conditions, and after comparing the frequency of the unperturbed LH ray motion with the frequency of the ripple perturbation, it is concluded that the electrostatic LH ray dynamics is generally regular in cylindrical plasmas with magnetic ripple. It is also found analytically that including the magnetic ripple in ray-tracing calculations does not lead to a final closure of the spectral-gap problem for LHCD in circular-poloidal-cross-section tokamaks having sufficiently low electron density, in addition to a high enough aspect ratio and safety factor, in which case electrostatic LH wave propagation turns out to be independent of the latter, and the unperturbed LH ray oscillations become basically linear. This is an important null result that helps to show that the conventional ray-tracing picture widely used in LHCD modeling (that is to say, a standardly coupled LH spectrum propagating according to geometrical optics in an established tokamak equilibrium) is not to be taken as final. The analysis presented, carried out within an explicitly Hamiltonian formalism and addressing the role of resonances between the frequency of the unperturbed LH ray motion and the frequencies of the perturbations due to magnetic ripple and toroidicity, is detailed and careful, with analytical results and conclusions being supported by numerical calculations.
Cyclophosphamide teratogenesis: A review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the best studied teratogens; it produces primarily central nervous system and skeletal anomalies in rats, mice, rabbits, monkeys, and humans. Furthermore, CP is one of the most extensively studied antienoplastic agents. Recent work using in vitro rodent embryo culture has demonstrated that CP must be bioactivated to be teratogenic. This finding extends earlier work showing that CP must be activated to achieve its antineoplastic and mutagenic effects. Activation of CP to its teratogenic, mutagenic, and antineoplastic form is mediated by microsomal cytochrome P‐450 monooxygenases, which convert CP to 4‐hydroxycyclophosphamide (4OHCP). In the absence of detoxification, 40HCP spontaneously breaks down to phosphoramide mustard (PM) and acrolein (AC). PM is the CP metabolite believed to be responsible for the antineoplastic and mutagenic effects of CP, whereas AC is thought to cause the side effects associated with CP chemotherapy. Recent work has shown that the teratogenic effects of CP are mediated by both PM and AC. Although it is far from proven, available evidence supports the hypothesis that DNA is the primary target in terms of the teratogenic, mutagenic, and antineoplastic effects of CP. Although the nature of the DNA lesions produced by CP, which are responsible for its teratogenic, mutagenic, and antineoplastic effects, is not completely understood, cross‐linking of DNA seems to play a critical role in the antineoplastic properties of CP. Preliminary information obtained from embryos exposed to CP metabolites suggests that, although DNA cross‐linking might play a role in CP teratogenesis, metabolite‐induced DNA strand breakage and/or induction of mutations might also play a role. Although insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying CP teratogenesis are just beginning to accumulate, the availability of in vitro embryo culture combined with the modern armamentarium of molecular biology will allow teratologists to probe further the molecular aspects of teratogenesis.
The role of the major viral pathogens in a respiratory disease outbreak of broiler flocks in Eastern Iran.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Single infection with variant 2 IBV was a major cause of the respiratory disease outbreak in which use of the Mass vaccine was probably not effective. The high coverage and multiple doses of vaccination against Newcastle disease possibly had reduced the prevalence of NDV. Considering the regional origin of IBV strains, strong biosecurity measures should be implemented and vaccination programs using appropriate vaccine strains should be used.
Endogenous receptor-bound urokinase mediates tissue invasion of human monocytes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Macrophages have a marked capacity to invade tissue in the course of cellular immune reactions that is thought to be based on the action of urokinase (u-PA). u-PA is an ubiquitous serine protease that converts the zymogen plasminogen into the active protease plasmin. u-PA binds to specific receptors on the macrophage thereby enabling the cell to degrade interstitial tissue in the microenvironment. Two cytokines produced in the course of cellular immune reactions, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, increase the number of u-PA receptors on human cultured monocytes from 14,000 to 64,000 and 30,000 receptors/cell, respectively. We used an amnion invasion assay to investigate whether activated human monocytes exhibit an enhanced capacity to invade interstitial tissue in correlation to the increased numbers of u-PA receptors. We show in this study that IFN-gamma, which increases the number of endogenously occupied and saturable u-PA receptors, causes a threefold increase of monocyte invasion into amnion tissue in comparison to control cells. The anti-u-PA mAb MPW5UK, which blocks the activity of u-PA, inhibits monocyte invasiveness significantly. In contrast, TNF-alpha, which increases only the number of saturable u-PA receptors on monocytes, does not enhance their invasiveness. This finding suggests that only endogenously occupied u-PA receptors are instrumental in monocyte invasiveness. This conclusion is further supported by the findings that: 1) saturation of monocytes with u-PA does not further increase their invasiveness and that 2) plasminogen-activator inhibitor-2, a specific inhibitor of u-PA associated with endogenously occupied, but not of u-PA bound to saturable receptors, inhibits monocyte invasiveness completely.
The Impact of Oral Cancer in Argentina: Analysis of Risk Factors and Health Responses in 2024

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the year 2024, oral cancer was highlighted as a significant public health problem in Argentina, reflecting global trends and country-specific challenges. Oral cancer, included within malignant neoplasms, was characterized by an abnormal growth of cells that affected the oral cavity and sometimes spread to other parts of the body through metastasis. The disease mainly affected men over 50 years of age, although an increase in cases linked to the human papillomavirus (HPV) was observed in younger people.The geographical distribution of oral cancer in Argentina revealed significant inequalities. Northern provinces, with lower levels of socioeconomic development and limited access to health services, had higher rates compared to metropolitan regions. Risk factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and poor diets contributed to this disparity. Although prevention and education campaigns were intensified, their reach was insufficient in some rural and peripheral areas.The impact of oral cancer was not only limited to physical health, but also affected patients' quality of life, imposing a considerable emotional and economic burden. The public health system faced difficulties in providing advanced treatments due to lack of resources and unequal access. However, government efforts to strengthen primary care, train professionals and promote HPV vaccination as a key preventive measure were highlighted.Despite the challenges, prevention and early diagnosis were identified as essential strategies to reduce the burden of oral cancer and improve health outcomes in the country
Macrofaunal Community Structure Following the Restocking of Northern Quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) to Great South Bay, Long Island, NY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Overharvest of the once highly abundant northern quahog, or hard clam [Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758)], has decimated local populations on Long Island, NY, and the ecosystem services they provide. Among the potential ecological consequences of the loss of hard clams, impacts on benthic community structure and function have not been well documented. This study took advantage of a large-scale hard clam restoration effort by The Nature Conservancy in Great South Bay, NY, to investigate these parameters. The benthic communities between areas planted with high densities of adult clams (i.e., spawner sanctuaries) and adjacent sites with no transplants were compared. In clam-stocked areas, there were greater trophic and taxonomic group densities, especially for some environmentally sensitive groups such as crustaceans, and increased species richness, which in turn altered community structure of the resident infauna. Differences between paired sites for macrofaunal diversity and community structure were also observed, likely reflecting larger scale differences in invertebrate communities. Minimal differences were observed in sediment porosity, carbon and nitrogen content, and total organic matter between adjacent areas with and without clams, although all of these parameters were significantly associated with community structure. Although shell density was significantly higher in clam-stocked plots, it explained little of the variation in macrofaunal composition on its own or in combination with other environmental parameters, but in combination with the living clams may have added enough environmental complexity to enhance densities of different trophic groups. Within the short period of 3 y, differences in the benthic community with the presence versus the absence of clams were already detectable. More long-term data incorporating the effect of processes at multiple scales are needed to gain insight into the complexity of rehabilitating coastal benthic environments following the removal of important species such as clams. The results of this work support the notion that M. mercenaria acts as an ecosystem engineer, modifying the environment by creating habitat and enhancing the abundance of other species.
Preparation of Gastric Cancer Specific Nanovaccine and Study of Its Immuno-competence

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To develop a peptide vaccine based on MG7-Ag mimotope of gastric cancer using new nano-technology and valuate its efficacy and protective effect. Methods: Encapsulate synthesized MG7 mimotope peptide into nanoemulsion using magnetic and ultrasonic technique. Dialyse method was used to sterilize, HPLC to determine encapsulation efficiency. Select CpG motif as immune adjuvant, Balb/c mice were immunized intravenously with MG7 nanovaccine , with empty nanoemulsion and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as control. Serum titer of MG7 antibody was determined by ELISA assay. ELISPOT was performed to test the cytotoxicity of spleen cells. The protective effect of the nanovaccine was evaluated by tumor cell challenge assay. Results: MG7 nanovaccine was successfully constructed with high stability and encapsulation efficiency. It could induce both cellular and humour immune response to MG7-Ag in mice. Tumor cell challenge shown that the tumor masses formed in the mice immunized with nanovaccine markedly smaller than those formed in the mice of control groups. 2 out of 8 immunized mice were tumor free, while none in the control groups was protected. Conclusion; Nanovaccine based on the MG7-Ag mimotope is immunogenic which can induce specific immunity response against tumor in mice. And the vaccine is partially protective.
Isolation, identification and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens from chickens in Sichuan province.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

To analyze the topography and gene type of C. perfringens in healthy chickens of Sichuan province. Fresh fecal samples from integrated poultry farms of Sichuan province were collected.C. perfringens were isolated with culture method and identified with biochemical test. Then multiple PCR was developed with 4 sets of primers designed based on the sequences of 4 C. perfringens toxin genes (cpa,apb,etx and iA) to genotype the identified isolates. Finally,repetitive-element PCR was used to analyze subtype of C. perfringens. Eight isolates were obtained from 150 samples and were genotyped as type A by multiple PCR. ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR were found to be equally suitable for subtyping of C. perfringens isolates. ERIC-PCR proved to be an easy-to-perform and relatively fast method which can serve as an effective mean for molecular epidemiology. C. perfringens type A is the main Clostridium species in the healthy chickens in Sichuan province.
IDLENESS AND ALCHEMY IN FRAGMENT VIII(G) OF CHAUGER'S CANTERBURY TALES: OPPOSITIONS IN THEMES AND IMAGES FROM THE ROMAN DE LA ROSE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article IDLENESS AND ALCHEMY IN FRAGMENT VIII(G) OF CHAUGER'S CANTERBURY TALES: OPPOSITIONS IN THEMES AND IMAGES FROM THE ROMAN DE LA ROSE Get access MARC M. PELEN MARC M. PELEN Department of Comparative Literature, Administration B1, American University of Paris31 Avenue Bosquet, 75343 Paris Cedex 07, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Forum for Modern Language Studies, Volume XXXI, Issue 3, July 1995, Pages 193–214, https://doi.org/10.1093/fmls/XXXI.3.193 Published: 01 July 1995
Enhanced Sb segregation in surfactant-mediated-heteroepitaxy: High-mobility, low-doped Ge on Si

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Surfactant-mediated epitaxy (SME) allows the growth of smooth, continuous, relaxed, and principally defect free Ge films directly on Si(111); however, the very high surfactant doping level in the range of the solid solubility limit made them unacceptable for most device applications. By using high temperature SME we have reduced the Sb surfactant background doping level by more than three orders of magnitude. This is attributed to an enhanced surfactant segregation without kinetic limitations. The low Sb incorporation has been determined by an electrical characterization: An electron concentration of 1.1×1016 cm−3 and a very high electron Hall mobility of 3100 cm2/V s at 300 K (12 300 cm2/V s at 77 K) suggest an interesting potential of SME grown Ge films for future device applications.
Complete nucleotide sequence of a new isolate of passion fruit woodiness virus from Western Australia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We determined the complete genome sequence of the passion fruit woodiness virus Gld-1 isolate (PWV- Gld-1) from Australia and compared it with that of PWV- MU-2, another Australian isolate of PWV. The genomes shared high sequence identity in both the complete nucle- otide sequence and the ORF amino acid sequence. All of the cleavage sites of each protein were identical to those of MU-2, and the sequence identity for the individual proteins ranged from 97.2 % to 100.0 %. However, the 5 0 untranslated region (5 0 UTR) of the Gld-1 isolate shared only 46.8 % sequence identity with that of PWV-MU-2 and was 177 nucleotides shorter. Re-sequencing of the 5 0 UTR of MU-2 revealed that the 5 0 end of the original
Modular Strategies for Nephron Replacement and Clinical Translation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conventional kidney replacement therapies, such as dialysis and transplantation, sustain life but do not restore full renal physiology. Emerging technologies now aim to replicate key nephron-level functions using modular, biologically or bioengineered systems. Rather than reconstructing the entire kidney, these approaches focus on restoring discrete physiological roles, such as filtration, reabsorption, and endocrine signaling, through stem cell–based constructs, implantable devices, and biofabricated tissues. In this review, we introduce a function-based, modular framework for evaluating nephron replacement strategies. We assess four major platforms: kidney organoids, implantable bioartificial kidneys, three-dimensional bioprinted renal tissues, and decellularized kidney scaffolds. Each is examined in terms of its ability to replicate specific nephron functions, its degree of segmental specialization, and its readiness for clinical integration. Although no single approach currently achieves full nephron functionality or systemic integration, the modular combination of complementary systems may offer a scalable path toward next-generation kidney support. The review highlights recent advances, persistent challenges, and the potential for hybrid therapies that bridge biological realism with engineering precision. Ethical and regulatory considerations are also discussed to support responsible translation.
Optimal Pest Control Strategies with Cost-effectiveness Analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pest and plant diseases cause damages and economic losses, threatening food security and ecosystem services. Thus, proper pest management is indispensable to mitigate the risk of losses. The risk of environmental hazards induced by toxic chemicals alongside the rapid development of chemical resistance by insects entails more resilient, sustainable, and ecologically sound approaches to chemical methods of control. This study evaluates the application of three dynamical measures of controls, namely, green insecticide, mating disruption, and the removal of infected plants, in controlling pest insects. A model was built to describe the interaction between plants and insects as well as the circulation of the pathogen. Optimal control measures are sought in such a way they maximize the healthy plant density jointly with the pests’ density under the lowest possible control efforts. Our simulation study shows that all strategies succeed in controlling the insects. However, a cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that a strategy with two measures of green insecticide and plant removal is the most cost-effective, followed by one which applies all control measures. The best strategy projects the decrease of potential loss from 65.36% to 6.12%.
Preparation Technology Research of Biological Preservative Antimicrobial Coatings for Shrimp

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The component ratio and technology of producing were investigated with tea polyphenols,sodium alginate,glycerol and stearic acid.The results showed that: biology retaining freshness antimicrobial coatings were the good machine and antimicrobial performance,with the ratio of tea polyphenols concentration 15 g/L,sodium alginate concentration 20 g/L,glycerol concentration 0.4 g/L,stearic acid concentration 15 g/L,and under the condition of pH 5.5,RH50%.After the above condition of producing Litopenaeus vannamei and shrimp meat were good character,shrimp preservation time were delayed 3-4 days,keeping water and sense character of shrimp meat were improved.
A gut microbial metabolite of ginsenosides, compound K, induces intestinal glucose absorption and Na+/glucose cotransporter 1 gene expression through activation of cAMP response element binding protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Scope The Na + /glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) plays a crucial role in glucose uptake in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), which has been shown essential in ameliorating intestinal inflammation. Ginseng has historically been used to treat inflammatory disorders. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of ginseng‐mediated induction of SGLT1 gene expression in human intestinal cells is therefore important. Methods and results We demonstrate that ginsenoside compound K (CK) enhances SGLT1‐mediated glucose uptake in mice and human intestinal Caco‐2 cells. Transient transfection analysis using SGLT1 promoter‐luciferase reporters demonstrated that the presence of an essential cAMP response element (CRE) is required for CK‐mediated induction of SGLT1 gene expression. The ChIP assays indicated that increased CRE‐binding protein (CREB) and CREB‐binding protein (CBP) binding to the SGLT1 promoter in CK‐treated cells is associated with an activated chromatin state. Our result showed that the increased CREB phosphorylation is directly correlated with SGLT1 expression in IECs. Further studies indicated that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is involved in the CK‐mediated effect. Conclusion These findings provide a novel mechanism for the CK‐mediated upregulation of SGLT1 expression through EGFR‐CREB signaling activation, which could contribute to reducing gut inflammation.
Role of MRI in the Detection and Monitoring of Lower Limb Osteonecrosis after Chemotherapy in Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the technique that demonstrated the highest sensitivity and specificity in the early diagnosis of osteonecrosis. It allows detecting initial typical signal intensity alterations of the bone marrow when other examinations showed nonspecific findings or even no alterations at all. The aim of this study is to assess the role of magnetic resonance imaging in detection and monitoring osteonecrotic lesions in pediatric patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed on 30 pediatric patients ranged from 4 to 18 years with acute lymphoblastic leukemia on chemotherapy or after 3months from ending chemotherapy with symptoms suspicious for osteonecrosis (i.e., articular pain). All patients were explained about the procedure to be done. MRI study of whole lower limbs was done for all patients. Results: In the present study all patients were symptomatic. 24\30 patients (80%) had hip pain, 25\30 patients (83.3%) had knee pain and 8\30 patients (26.7%) had limping. We reported that knee pain was the most common complaint representing 83.3% of patients. 11\30 patients (36.7%) had no MRI findings. 19\30 patients (63.3%) had different positive findings; 4 patients (13.3%) had non -articular osteonecrosis (ON) only with no joint involvement (bone infarction), 2 patients (6.7%) had avascular necrosis of femoral head epiphysis without bone infarction and 13 patients (43.3%) had combined bone infarction and avascular necrosis with Joint involvement. Follow up by MRI was done for all patients (30 patients), 27 patients showed no change in MRI findings, one patient progressed from avascular necrosis of the femoral head epiphysis without deformity to avascular necrosis of the femoral head epiphysis with deformity. The other two patient showed regressive course. Conclusion: We concluded that MRI study is mandatory for early detection and monitoring of lower limb osteonecrosis in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia under or after chemotherapy. The radiologist and clinician must do MRI lower limbs routinely and follow up MRI after 4-6 months to first MRI due to some patients had regressive or progressive findings.