jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transforming Growth Factor‐α with Insulin Induces Proliferation in Rat Utricular Extrasensory Epithelia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hair cell loss in the human inner ear leads to sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. Recent studies suggest that exogenous addition of growth factors, for example, transforming growth factor‐α with insulin, may stimulate the production of new supporting cells and hair cells in the mature mammalian vestibular sensory epithelium. Before any growth factor can be seriously considered for the treatment of clinical problems related to hair cell loss, its effects on the extrasensory epithelia must also be fully explored. The aim of this study was to determine whether transforming growth factor‐α and insulin stimulate cell proliferation in rodent vestibular extrasensory epithelia. The cell proliferation marker, tritiated thymidine, was infused along with transforming growth factor‐α, insulin, or transforming growth factor‐α plus insulin into the inner ears of adult rats via osmotic pumps. Effects of the test agents were assessed on normal and drug‐damaged utricles. Drug damage was produced by delivering gentamicin directly into the inner ear before the infusion of test agent. Animals were killed 4 or 10 days after pump placement. Utricles were sectioned, processed for autoradiography, and examined for labeled cells within the extrasensory epithelia. In normal animals, transforming growth factor‐α plus insulin stimulated DNA synthesis in all regions of the extrasensory epithelia, suggesting that these agents are mitogenic for these tissues. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:816‐24.)
High-Pressure Synthesis and the Structure Refinement of CoSb3-Based Filled-Skutterudites.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Various 14-group elements were inserted in the skutterudite-type CoSb3 host lattice under high-pressure and temperature conditions of 8 GPa and 550°C using the Belt-type high-pressure equipment. It was found that various elements could be inserted in the body-centered vacant site, resulting in the formation of new filled-skutterudites MxCo4Sb12 (M: Ge, Sn, Pb). The composition and the degree of space-filling were determined by the Rietveld analysis and the density measurements. Maximum space-filling was determined to be 50% for M=Ge, 100% for M=Sn, and 70% for M=Pb. The inserted Sn atom shows anomalous large thermal vibration amplitude, while Pb atom does not. The Ge atom locates the position slightly deviated from the ideal body-centered position.
Stress concentration in all-ceramic posterior fixed partial dentures.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Two-dimensional finite-element analysis was used to study levels and distribution patterns of stress within three-unit fixed partial dentures (mandibular first premolar to first molar) constructed of different materials (Type III gold alloy, Dicor, and In-Ceram) and with different connector heights (3.0 mm versus 4.0 mm). In the computer models, 10 MPa of stress was applied centrally to the prosthesis. Resultant von Mises stresses were concentrated within the connectors; the greatest stress occurred at the axial location of the connector. Stresses were 40% to 50% lower for 4.0-mm connectors. Patterns of stress distribution were similar for premolar and molar connectors. Stress levels within In-Ceram models were lower than for the other two materials and represented a lower percentage of the ultimate strength of the material. Based on a two-dimensional finite-element analysis model, In-Ceram would appear to be the best choice for posterior fixed partial dentures.
Information processing with a lymphoid tissue architecture

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The lymphatic system provides the context for the immune system cells and setting for their interactions as described by immunological theory. A previously defined and elaborated lymphoid tissue model is proposed as a general lymphoid-tissue inspired information processing architecture, with specific information processing and information transmission constraints imposed on different tissue types. The lymphoid tissue architecture is applied in the proposal of three different immune-inspired lymphoid tissue models, which incorporate a plethora of previously defined immune cell and cell trafficking algorithms.
Tekirdağ-Türkiye’de Bal Arılarının Propolis Toplamak için Tercih Ettiği Bitkiler

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study is to investigate the preferences of honeybees to collect propolis in Tekirdağ city of Turkey. A total of 92 different propolis samples collected from Tekirdağ were examined under microscope to determine pollen contents and establish the botanical origin of Tekirdağ propolis. 38 different plant families and 51 taxa were identified by pollen analysis of the 92 propolis samples. Among these families Asteraceae family pollen were found most intensive. The most observed pollen in the investigated samples were belong to the taxa of Asteracae, Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae and Salicaceae families.
IoT Based Home Security

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Internet of Things (IoT) allows real-world objects to be connected and managed through the internet. IoT is used to make any device smart and is thus a booming concept worldwide. Being a part of the era of the internet, it has become easier to experiment and develop new ideas. Many such ideas have been implemented, changing people’s lifestyles in general. Smart home technology is known to bring about more comfort and convenience at our homes. We have decided to stretch this concept out further to implement the concept of IoT into the security of our homes. The proposed model focuses on the security and ease of allowing access to the house. The leverage obtained by choosing this over other forms of home security is the ease of allowing access and monitoring our homes at any time and from anywhere. Our overall system is also focused on being made at a budget so that all sections of the society can experience this convenience and safety. In a world where technology is advancing at such a rapid rate, it is to be seen that everyone plays a part and stays up to date.
A blinded endoscopic comparative study of misoprostol versus sucralfate and placebo in the prevention of aspirin-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a series of previous studies, we showed that misoprostol protects the gastric and duodenal mucosae against ulceration seen with the administration of both aspirin and the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug tolmetin. The purpose of this study was to confirm, in addition, that misoprostol protects the mucosae against aspirin-induced damage and, for the first time, to compare its cytoprotective properties with those of sucralfate. Thirty healthy volunteers were randomized into three equal groups receiving either misoprostol 200 micrograms, sucralfate 1 g, or placebo, co-administered with 650 mg of aspirin, four times a day for 7 days. All subjects had endoscopically normal mucosae on entry and were reendoscoped 2 h after a single final dose on day 7. The mucosae were graded on a 0-4 scale as follows: 0 = normal, 1 = single hemorrhage or erosion, 2 = 2-10 hemorrhages or erosions, 3 = 11-25 hemorrhages or erosions, 4 = more than 25 hemorrhages or erosions or an invasive ulcer of any size. Utilizing a previously established criterion of a score of 2 or less as a clinically significant degree of protection to the gastric mucosae, we found that the success rate for misoprostol was 100% (10/10), compared to 20% (2/10) for sucralfate and 0% (0/10) for placebo. Misoprostol was statistically significantly superior to both sucralfate (p = 0.0001) and placebo (p = 0.00001), with 95% confidence intervals on the difference in success rates between misoprostol and sucralfate and between misoprostol and placebo of (44%; 100%) and (61%; 100%), respectively. In the duodenum, nine of 10 subjects taking misoprostol showed no damage (0 grade), whereas this was seen in only five sucralfate and three placebo patients. Misoprostol was significantly superior to placebo (p = 0.020) and marginally superior to sucralfate (p = 0.141) with confidence intervals of (29%; 91%) and (-5%; 67%), respectively. Adverse experiences were minor and did not differ in the three groups.
P2.27 High satisfaction with and loyalty to getcheckedonline.com among first-time users of an online sti testing service in british columbia, canada

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Introduction</st> Positive user experiences are key to trust and repeated use of online services (known as e-Loyalty). GetCheckedOnline (GCO) is an online testing service for HIV/STI where clients complete a risk assessment, print lab forms, submit specimens at a lab, and retrieve results online (if negative) or by phone. We surveyed GCO clients on their perceptions of using the service. </sec> <sec><st>Methods</st> We invited first-time GCO users (who consented to be contacted for research) to complete an anonymous online survey 2 weeks following reporting of test results. Survey questions were analysed descriptively and included demographics, reason for test, and how participants heard about GCO. Satisfaction, convenience, ease of use, and e-Loyalty (intention to use again, recommend to others) were measured using 5-point Likert scales and collapsed (low to neutral vs high responses). </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> Between July 2015-Sept 2016, 23% of 1099 first-time GCO users consented to be contacted for research and 136/208 (65%) of users contacted agreed to participate in the survey. Participants had a median age of 33 years, 80% were white, 67% male, 43% straight, and 43% men who have sex with men. The most common testing reasons were: routine test (64%), risk event/exposure (44%) and new relationship (22%). Participants heard about GCO from clinics/health providers (38%), campaigns (26%), social media (18%), and friends or partners (13%). Almost all participants were satisfied with GCO overall (93%) and with their experience of receiving results (96%), 92% agreed GCO was convenient, 87% found GCO easy to use, and 83% rated the experience of submitting specimens as good or excellent. E-Loyalty was also high: 97% intended to use GCO again and 96% would recommend GCO to others. </sec> <sec><st>Conclusion</st> We found very high satisfaction with and loyalty to GCO among first-time users, indicating a successful service model from a client perspective. In addition to uptake and test outcomes, user experience is a key outcome for evaluation of online HIV/STI testing services. </sec>
Effects of Removal of Early Fruiting Branches on Yield,Fiber Quality and Premature Senescence in Bt Transgenic Cotton

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Our previous report has indicated that current Bt transgenic cotton varieties can be divided into two types,the early-developed(ED) and the late-developed type(LD),according to their earliness of maturity.Therefore,it is necessary to determine the effects of removal of fruiting branches on plant growth and development,lint yield,and fiber quality in various types of Bt transgenic cotton.In the present experiments,cotton cultivars,SCRC 17 or SCRC 21(ED type),SCRC 18 or SCRC 22(LD type),and H1 or H2(hybrids of the two types) were planted in Shanghe county in 2004,and Xiajin county in 2004 and 2005,and the effects of removal of early fruiting branches(FB) on the yield,fiber quality and premature senescence of cotton plants were determined.Averaged across two years and two experimental sites,removal of FB increased average lint yields of the ED type and the hybrids by 3.3% and 5.7%,relative to their corresponding untreated controls,while lint yield of the LD type was slightly decreased in 2004,but decreased by 6.2% in 2005 with FB removal.For the FB removed plants,the percentage of pre-summer bolls was reduced while that of summer bolls and plant height was significantly increased.Days from planting to boll opening were slightly and significantly extended in ED and LD type of cotton by FB removal,respectively.Removal of FB also increased the fiber length and strength by 2.6% and 2.3%,respectively,but decreased the micronaire value by 5.6%,did not reach the significant variation at P=0.05.Premature senescence of cotton plants seemed to be alleviated through the altered ratio of sink to source by FB removal.FB removal might be a potential way to improve cotton production for early-developed cotton plants.
Survival analysis of platinum-refractory patients with advanced esophageal cancer treated with docetaxel or best supportive care alone: a retrospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The survival benefit of second-line chemotherapy with docetaxel in platinum-refractory patients with advanced esophageal cancer (AEC) remains unclear. A retrospective analysis of AEC patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS)≤2 was performed, and major organ functions were preserved, who determined to receive docetaxel or best supportive care (BSC) alone after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy. The post-progression survival (PPS), defined as survival time after disease progression following platinum-based chemotherapy, was analyzed by multivariate Cox regression analysis using factors identified as significant in univariate analysis of various 20 characteristics (age, sex, PS, primary tumor location, etc) including Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), which is a well-known prognostic factor in many malignant tumors. Sixty-six and 45 patients were determined to receive docetaxel and BSC between January 2007 and December 2011, respectively. The median PPS was 5.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.8-6.0) in the docetaxel group and 3.3 months (95% CI 2.5-4.0) in the BSC group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.56, 95% CI 0.38-0.84, P=0.005). Univariate analysis revealed six significant factors: treatment, PS, GPS, number of metastatic organs, liver metastasis, and bone metastasis. Multivariate analysis including these significant factors revealed three independent prognostic factors: docetaxel treatment (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39-0.99, P=0.043), better GPS (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.46-0.81, P=0.001), and no bone metastasis (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.15-0.68, P=0.003). There was a trend for PPS in favor of the docetaxel group compared with patients who refused docetaxel treatment in the BSC group (adjusted HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.29-1.29, P=0.20). Docetaxel treatment may have prolonged survival in platinum-refractory patients with AEC.
Structural Modulation of Molybdenyl Iodate Architectures by\nAlkali Metal Cations in AMoO<sub>3</sub>(IO<sub>3</sub>) (A = K, Rb, Cs):  A Facile\nRoute to New Polar Materials with Large SHG Responses

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Three new molybdenyl iodates, KMoO<sub>3</sub>(IO<sub>3</sub>) <b>(1)</b>, RbMoO<sub>3</sub>(IO<sub>3</sub>) <b>(2)</b>, and CsMoO<sub>3</sub>(IO<sub>3</sub>) <b>(3)</b>, have\nbeen prepared through the hydrothermal reactions of MoO<sub>3</sub> with AIO<sub>4</sub> (A = K, Rb, or Cs) at 180 °C. These\ncompounds are isolated as nearly colorless, air-stable crystals. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments\nreveal that <b>1</b> possesses a corrugated layered structure constructed from molybdenum oxide chains that\nare bridged by iodate anions. The puckering of the layers is caused by the alignment of bent molybdenyl\n(MoO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>) groups along one side of the molybdenum oxide chains. The K<sup>+</sup> cations separate these layers\nfrom one another and serve to balance charge. In contrast, compounds <b>2</b> and <b>3</b>, which are isostructural,\nform three-dimensional structures with small cavities filled with Rb<sup>+</sup> or Cs<sup>+</sup> cations. The differences between\nthe structures of <b>1</b> and those of <b>2</b> and <b>3</b> are due to rotation of the molybdenyl units as translation occurs\ndown the molybdenum oxide chains in order to accommodate the increased size of the Rb<sup>+</sup> and Cs<sup>+</sup> cations.\nThis rotation allows for the iodate anions to bridge the molybdenum oxide chains in an additional dimension,\ncreating a three-dimensional network structure. Furthermore, while <b>1</b> crystallizes in a centrosymmetric space\ngroup, <b>2</b> and <b>3</b> crystallize in polar space groups. Second-harmonic generation measurements on <b>2</b> and <b>3</b>\nshow large responses of 400× α-quartz. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements demonstrate that\n<b>2</b> and <b>3</b> are thermally stable to 494 and 486 °C, respectively. UV−vis diffuse reflectance spectra of these\ncompounds show a high degree of transparency from 1 to 3 eV and a band gap of 3.1 eV.
A Novel Porcine Circovirus Distantly Related to Known Circoviruses Is Associated with Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome and Reproductive Failure

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) is clinically manifested by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), respiratory and enteric disease, reproductive failure, and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is an essential component of PCVAD, although an etiologic role in PDNS is not well established. Here, a novel circovirus, designated porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), was identified in sows that died acutely with PDNS-like clinical signs. The capsid and replicase proteins of PCV3 are only 37% and 55% identical to PCV2 and bat circoviruses, respectively. Aborted fetuses from sows with PDNS contained high levels of PCV3 (7.57 × 10 7 genome copies/ml), and no other viruses were detected by PCR and metagenomic sequencing. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of sow tissue samples identified PCV3 antigen in skin, kidney, lung, and lymph node samples localized in typical PDNS lesions, including necrotizing vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, granulomatous lymphadenitis, and bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Further study of archived PDNS tissue samples that were negative for PCV2 by IHC analysis identified 45 of 48 that were PCV3 positive by quantitative PCR (qPCR), with 60% of a subset also testing positive for PCV3 by IHC analysis. Analysis by qPCR of 271 porcine respiratory disease diagnostic submission samples identified 34 PCV3-positive cases (12.5%), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection of anti-PCV3 capsid antibodies in serum samples found that 46 (55%) of 83 samples tested were positive. These results suggest that PCV3 commonly circulates within U.S. swine and may play an etiologic role in reproductive failure and PDNS. Because of the high economic impact of PCV2, this novel circovirus warrants further studies to elucidate its significance and role in PCVAD. IMPORTANCE While porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was first identified in sporadic cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Canada in the early 1990s, an epidemic of severe systemic disease due to PCV2 spread worldwide in the ensuing decade. Despite being effectively controlled by commercial vaccines, PCV2 remains one of the most economically significant viruses of swine. Here, a novel porcine circovirus (PCV3) that is distantly related to known circoviruses was identified in sows with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) and reproductive failure. PCV2, which has previously been associated with these clinical presentations, was not identified. High levels of PCV3 nucleic acid were observed in aborted fetuses by quantitative PCR, and PCV3 antigen was localized in histologic lesions typical of PDNS in sows by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. PCV3 was also identified in archival PDNS diagnostic samples that previously tested negative for PCV2 by IHC analysis. The emergence of PCV3 warrants further investigation.
Effect of ivermectin (Mectizan) on intestinal nematodes.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ancillary to a community based mass treatment campaign of onchocerciasis with ivermectin, assessment of the drug's effect on various intestinal nematodes was made in Bebeka, Southwest Ethiopia between 23 April and 23 July, 1990. A total of 231 people were invited for the study and all consented. From each, stool specimen was collected before treatment, two weeks and three months after administration of ivermectin at a dose of 150 mcg/kg body weight. Various intestinal parasites were observed in many of the samples, ranging from single parasite up to five mixed infections per slide. Efficacy of ivermectin against Strongyloides stercoralis was 100% throughout the observation period. Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides were found in 74.5% of the stool samples collected before treatment and this was reduced to 3.5% and 48.9% in the post-treatment samples of 15 days and three months, respectively. Similar observation was made for the other geohelminths at a lower cure rate. This finding shows that apart from its primary purpose in the control of onchocerciasis, ivermectin has the added benefit of eliminating ascaris and strongyloides infection in areas where such parasites are co-endemic. Furthermore, its significant effect on the intensity of the other enteric nematodes will have a great impact on reducing transmission. The public health significance of population based mass chemotherapy with ivermectin is discussed.
Molecular Characterization and Xenotransplantation of Pancreatic Cancer Using Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pancreatic cancer has one of the worst prognoses among all malignancies and few available treatment options. Patient-derived xenografts can be used to develop personalized therapy for pancreatic cancer. Endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) may provide a powerful alternative to surgery for obtaining sufficient tissue for the establishment of patient-derived xenografts. In this study, EUS-FNA samples were obtained for 30 patients referred to the Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. These samples were used for xenotransplantation in NOD-SCID mice and for genetic analyses. The gene expression of pancreatic-cancer-relevant genes in xenograft tumors was examined by immunohistochemistry. Targeted sequencing of both the patient-derived tumors and xenograft tumors was performed. The xenografts’ susceptibility to oncolytic virus infection was studied by infecting xenograft-derived cells with VSV∆51-GFP. The xenograft take rate was found to be 75.9% for passage 1 and 100% for passage 2. Eighty percent of patient tumor samples were successfully sequenced to a high depth for 42 cancer genes. Xenograft histological characteristics and marker expression were maintained between passages. All tested xenograft samples were susceptible to oncoviral infection. We found that EUS-FNA is an accessible, minimally invasive technique that can be used to acquire adequate pancreatic cancer tissue for the generation of patient-derived xenografts and for genetic sequencing.