jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Association and distribution of meiotic chromosomes in a haploid of Ricinus communis L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In a haploid of Ricinus communis L., the ten chromosomes are unpaired at pachytene but they frequently display end-to-end association. This kind of association is also common in diplotene.At diakinesis, there is considerable variation among PMC's in number of chromosomes involved and in frequency of different associations in each association. Associations involving only two chromosomes do not appear as genuine bivalents and associations of more than two chromosomes often resemble chains.Chromosome distribution at metaphase I is as follows: in 78.2% of the PMC's (N=238), all ten univalents are scattered haphazardly; in 16% of the PMC's, some or all of the univalents are oriented at the equatorial plate; and in 5.8% of the PMC's, the univalents are found in 2 polar groupings.This study does not support the hypothesis of polyploid origin of Ricinus as proposed by Narain and Singh (1968).
An Active Galactic Nucleus Caught in the Act of Turning Off and On

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the discovery of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) that is turning off and then on again in the z=0.06 galaxy SDSS J1354+1327. This episodic nuclear activity is the result of discrete accretion events, which could have been triggered by a past interaction with the companion galaxy that is currently located 12.5 kpc away. We originally targeted SDSS J1354+1327 because its Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectrum has narrow AGN emission lines that exhibit a velocity offset of 69 km s$^{-1}$ relative to systemic. To determine the nature of the galaxy and its velocity-offset emission lines, we observed SDSS J1354+1327 with Chandra/ACIS, Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3, Apache Point Observatory optical longslit spectroscopy, and Keck/OSIRIS integral-field spectroscopy. We find a ~10 kpc cone of photoionized gas south of the galaxy center and a ~1 kpc semi-spherical front of shocked gas, which is responsible for the velocity offset in the emission lines, north of the galaxy center. We interpret these two outflows as the result of two separate AGN accretion events; the first AGN outburst created the southern outflow, and then $<10^5$ yrs later the second AGN outburst launched the northern shock front. SDSS J1354+1327 is the galaxy with the strongest evidence for an AGN that has turned off and then on again, and it fits into the broader context of AGN flickering that includes observations of AGN light echoes.
Thyroid dysfunction in newborns and infants living in an iodine-deficient area.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The region of Southern Poland is known as an iodine-deficient area. Iodine prophylaxis was discontinued in 1980/81. This fact was discovered as a result of the introduction of newborn mass screening for congenital hypothyroidism in 1985. In view of the large number of newly detected cases of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD), we compared the neonatal populations of the Cracow and Nowy Sacz provinces. The prevalence of IDD was revealed as eight times higher in Nowy Sacz than in Cracow. The iodine urine excretion rates in those two provinces were similar. The paper discusses the cause of the discrepancy in IDD incidence. The final results show that the iodine deficiency detected in the Cracow and Nowy Sacz provinces is of moderate degree. Salt iodination in the region of southern Poland needs a new approach even before the year 2000, as planned in the WHO program.
Consumer financial vulnerability: Review, synthesis, and future research agenda

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Research on consumer financial vulnerability (CFV) was especially encouraged in the aftermath of the 2007–2008 financial crisis, becoming a phenomenon of global interest to academics and policy makers. This paper reviews the existing academic literature on CFV with the aim of mapping out four research fields (i.e., the concept, the measures, the methods, and the drivers of this phenomenon) and providing a roadmap for a future research agenda for this field. To this end, we review the last two decades of academic research on households’ financial vulnerability, thereby presenting a hybrid literature review. Evidence from a comprehensive analysis of 98 academic papers suggests that this is still an emerging and highly fragmented field and, therefore, a comprehensive future research agenda is offered, including concrete suggestions for research designs and measurements. The proposal of a homogeneous definition of financial vulnerability, the consideration of measures that include subjective aspects of the phenomenon, the use of qualitative methods, and the development of more detailed theoretical and empirical research on the drivers of CFV, are among the authors’ recommendations for future research.
The Influence of Surgical Teaching for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies on Outcomes: A Propensity Score-Matched National Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Teaching in the operating room represents the cornerstone of surgical education. A sufficient number of basic procedures in training is needed to gain independence. However, it is still debated whether surgical teaching has a negative impact on outcomes. Aims This study aims to determine the impact of surgical teaching for laparoscopic cholecystectomies on patient outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective study using the national database of the Swiss Association for Quality management in Surgery (AQC). We identified adult patients who underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy between 2009 and 2019. Baseline characteristics were analyzed, and a propensity-score was constructed based on age, gender and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification. Patients were then matched in a 2:1 ratio (non-teaching vs. teaching), and surgical outcomes were assessed. Results We included 26’871 cholecystectomies in our analysis. After propensity-score matching, 7’172 interventions used for surgical teaching were compared to 14’344 performed by board-certified surgeons. Mean cohort age was 52 years, and 8% of patients had an ASA &gt;II. A majority of teaching cases were operated in hospitals &gt;200 beds (p&lt;0.001). Teaching was associated with a longer mean operative time (85±39 vs. 77±45 minutes, p&lt;0.001), a higher rate of conversion to laparotomy (29% vs. 12%, p&lt;0.001), but a shorter total length of stay (4.71±5.97 vs. 5.10±7.01 days, p&lt;0.001), and fewer intraoperative complications (0.6% vs. 0.9%, p=0.032). Postoperative complications were similar both in terms of frequency (1.4% vs. 1.5%, p=0.5) and severity with 0.7% requiring surgical management in both groups (p=0.5). Conclusion Teaching of a common surgical procedure such as cholecystectomy appears safe with a similar rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Teaching is currently only performed in a minority of procedures and should be promoted further to improve training in Switzerland.
Ionic mechanisms of overdrive suppression in the sinoatrial node: Roles of the slow inactivation of L-type calcium current.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

自発興奮を示すウサギ単離洞結節細胞にwhole-cell clamp法の膜電流固定モードで高頻度刺激 (overdrive) を加えると一時的な自動能抑制 (overdrive suppression) が生じた.Overdrive後の膜電位変化としては最大拡張期電位減少に加えて, 活動電位overshootと最大立ち上がり速度 (Vmax) の減少が認められた.膜電位固定実験 (TTX作用下) では, 保持電位-40mVからの脱分極パルス (0mV, 100ms) の頻度を1HZから6.7HZに上げるとL型Ca電流 (ica) が一拍毎に減少し, 30秒後には平均85%減少した.パルス頻度を1Hzに戻すとicaは比較的速やかに回復した (時定数5.6s) .保持電位-80mVの場合は, 高頻度パルス中のica減少は軽度であった (平均29%) .膜電流固定モードから一時的に膜電位固定モードに切り換え, 高頻度脱分極パルスを与える実験では, 保持電位-40mVの場合は高頻度パルス中のica減衰に続いて, 自発興奮抑制が生じた.保持電位-80mVの場合はica減衰も自発興奮抑制も生じなかった.遅延整流K電流 (iK) と過分極活性化電流 (if) は高頻度脱分極パルスの前後で殆ど変化しなかった.洞房結節におけるoverdrive suPPressionにicaの膜電位依存性緩徐不活性化が重要な役割を果たすことが示唆された. (心電図16: No.4, 317～323, 1996)
Deep Neural Networks for Determining the Parameters of Buildings from Single-Shot Satellite Imagery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The height of a building is a basic characteristic needed for analytical services. It can be used to evaluate the population and functional zoning of a region. The analysis of the height structure of urban territories can be useful for understanding the population dynamics. In this paper, a novel method for determining a building’s height from a single-shot Earth remote sensing oblique image is proposed. The height is evaluated by a simulation algorithm that uses the masks of shadows and the visible parts of the walls. The image is segmented using convolutional neural networks that makes it possible to extract the masks of roofs, shadows, and building walls. The segmentation models are integrated into a completely automatic system for mapping buildings and evaluating their heights. The test dataset containing a labeled set of various buildings is described. The proposed method is tested on this dataset, and it demonstrates the mean absolute error of less than 4 meters.
General anesthesia for ureteral measurements in the rabbit.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Literature search and in vitro studies on ureteral function in humans and rabbits have proven that the rabbit is a suitable animal model for the investigation of the effect of smooth muscle relaxing substances on the ureter. One of the main problems encountered was to find an appropriate anesthetic protocol for this animal model. Application of barbiturates as a monotherapy proved to be unsuitable to allow painfree preparation of the abdomen. Intravenous (iv) anesthesia consisting of ketamine-HCl/xylazine-HCl could not be considered due to interference with ureteral smooth muscle tone. Intravenous administration of ketamine-HCl induced immediate ureteral contractions with increased frequency of ureteral activity. Xylazine-hydrochloride, a mixed alpha 2-, alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist inhibits the increase in synthesis of 3'5'-cAMP. Since the test substances used are phosphodiesterase-IV-inhibitors (rolipram and its two enantiomers), which increase 3'5'-cAMP, this type of anesthesia would interfere with the pharmacological effect to be investigated. General anesthesia using a combination of nitrous oxide (2 l/min) and oxygen (1 l/min) and a very small amount (2 mg/kg b.w.) of pentobarbital i.v. every 30 minutes, was found to be the most suitable form of anesthesia. It resulted in much more stable circulatory conditions, sufficient depth of anesthesia and the possibility to test muscle relaxing substances (PDE-IV-inhibitor) without any influence from anesthesia on their efficacy.
A case of <i>Bartonella</i> endocarditis in a hemodialysis patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は67歳男性. 64歳時より糖尿病性腎症で維持血液透析を行われていた. 脱力・意識障害の精査加療目的に入院した. 入院後発熱はなく症状も自然軽快傾向であったが, CRP弱陽性が持続した. 原因検索目的に施行した心臓超音波検査にて僧帽弁に新規の疣贅を認めたが, 血液培養は複数回陰性が続いたため血液培養陰性感染性心内膜炎を疑った. 猫咬傷の病歴がありBartonella henselae IgG抗体を提出したところ高値が判明, バルトネラ属による感染性心内膜炎と考えた. その後セフォタキシムによる治療にて改善が得られた. バルトネラ属は血液培養陰性感染性心内膜炎の起因菌となるが, 培養困難であるため診断に至らないケースも多い. 本症例から, 発熱なく全身状態が安定している透析患者においても, 炎症所見が持続する場合は鑑別としてバルトネラ属による血液培養陰性感染性心内膜炎を考慮する必要があることが示唆された.
Study on the mutagenicity and teratogenicity of saponins of Pearsonothuria graeffei

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the genotoxicity and teratogenicity of saponins of P.graeffei.Methods The number of spontaneous revertant of TA97,TA98,TA100and TA102at different concentrations was calculated with the Ames test.The pregnant rats were divided into normal control group,different concentrations of saponins of P.graeffei groups(n=15)after female and male rats were arranged in the same cage overnight in a ratio of 2∶1.Saponins of P.graeffei were administrated by oral gavage at doses of 17.2、68.8、275mg/(kg·bw)-1 in the three experiment groups respectively,the control group was given normal saline.The rats were sacrificed on the 20th day of pregnancy and the numbers of total fetuses,living fetuses,dead fetuses,and absorbed fetuses were recorded.The weight of uterus,placenta,fetuses and length of body,tail were measured and the appearance,internal organs and skeleton of fetal rats were tested.Results The results suggested that the number of mutant colonies did not increase significantly and the Ames test was negative.No obvious differences were observed in each index of embryogenesis,growth,appearance,internal organs and skeleton compared with the normal group.Conclusion Under the doses and conditions of this study,saponins of P.graeffei have no harmful effects and teratogenicity on pregnant and fetal rats.
Dynamic performance analysis of novel series-connected capacitor-run three-phase induction motor fed by single-phase supply

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the analysis of the dynamic performance of a series-connected capacitor-run three-phase induction motor fed by single-phase power supply. The dynamic model was developed in Simulink based on stationary abc reference frame on stator and rotating dq0 reference frame on rotor. The model was validated by experimental results. The dynamic performance of the proposed connection was studied and compared with that of the regular three-phase induction motor. The effect of the capacitance on the fluctuations of the torque and speed and the acceleration time was investigated and suggestions were given for optimum balanced operation.
Alkanes used for host recognition by the arctiid moth, Diacrisiacasignetum Kollar

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

the odorous alkane compounds mixture from 12.5 to 100 μg/ml concentrations of mature leaves was most attractive to D. casignetum, whereas mixtures of alkane compounds from young and senescent leaves indicated positive response of the test insects from 25 to 100 μg/ml concentrations. But the odorous alkane mixture from senescent leaves demonstrated a decreasing positive response at 100 μg/ml concentration. D. casignetum moths were attracted by synthetic octadecane at 50 and 100 μg/ml concentrations, tricosane at 50 μg/ml concentration, tetracosane from 12.5 to 50 μg/ml concentrations, octacosane from 12.5 to 100 μg/ml concentrations, and dotriacontane from 25 to 100 μg/ml concentrations, whereas eicosane and heneicosane did not result either clearly positive or negative responses by this insect.
Accurate temperature representation of storage conditions of human tissue and blood products: A cold chain analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There is nothing of higher value than human life. A close second is a human tissue that is utilized to help prolong that human life. Proper storage and management of the environment in which these materials are being stored are critical. A common practice in monitoring cold chain conditions for these temperature-sensitive materials is to employ a physical, thermal buffer into which the temperature probe is inserted. This buffer maybe a bottle of glycol or other liquid, a container of glass beads, an aluminum block, or nearly any other media the user feels is appropriate. The purpose of the buffer is to simulate the stored product’s experience rather than the air temperature. This will not be accomplished if the physical buffer is not matched to the stored product’s thermal properties and its container. Cold chain managers are faced with a complex problem if they attempt to take this issue into account. Furthermore, a match is impossible with a single physical buffer when the cold storage unit contains different products and various container sizes. This paper addresses the results of this mismatch from multiple factors and brings to the forefront the real-world problems that may result. Additionally, this paper will discuss a demonstrated solution that will accurately represent the stored materials, no matter the packaging size, material, or contents.
Assessment of the Neuroprotective and Stemness Properties of Human Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Variable (5% vs. 21%) Aerobic Conditions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To optimise the culture conditions for human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) intended for clinical use, we investigated ten different properties of these cells cultured under 21% (atmospheric) and 5% (physiological normoxia) oxygen concentrations. The obtained results indicate that 5% O2 has beneficial effects on the proliferation rate, clonogenicity, and slowdown of senescence of hWJ-MSCs; however, the oxygen level did not have an influence on the cell morphology, immunophenotype, or neuroprotective effect of the hWJ-MSCs. Nonetheless, the potential to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes was comparable under both oxygen conditions. However, spontaneous differentiation of hWJ-MSCs into neuronal lineages was observed and enhanced under atmospheric oxygen conditions. The cells relied more on mitochondrial respiration than glycolysis, regardless of the oxygen conditions. Based on these results, we can conclude that hWJ-MSCs could be effectively cultured and prepared under both oxygen conditions for cell-based therapy. However, the 5% oxygen level seemed to create a more balanced and appropriate environment for hWJ-MSCs.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of NR4A transcription factors limit CAR T cell function in solid tumours.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

performed experiments, analyzed data, and prepared the sequencing libraries; I.F.L.M. performed computational analyses of the RNA-seq data; H.S. assisted with in vivo mouse experiments and in vitro experiments; C.-W.J.L. performed ChIP and ChIP-qPCR
A New Flavonol from Murraya paniculata var. omphalocarpa: 13C-NMR as a Useful Tool for Structure Elucidation of Polyoxyflavones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A highly oxygenated flavone was isolated from the leaves of Murraya paniculata vat.omphalocarpa (Rutaceae).The spectroscopic analysis of this compound revealed the presence of an unusual para-diphenol moiety in the A ring and its structure was finally elucidated as 3',4',6,7-tetramethoxy-3,5,8trihydroxyflavone (1).The assignment of 13C resonances of nineteen polyoxyflavones was also made by use of 2D correlation spectroscopy and the usefulness of "C NMR for identifying polyoxyflavones was discussed.Murraya paniculata var.omphalocarpa (Hayata) Tanaka is a rutaceous shrub indigenous to Lan Yu (Botel Tobago), Taiwan, and one of three occurring varieties of M. paniculata, Though the mother
Effect of Site Directed Mutagenesis in the CMGCC Region of the .ALPHA.-Subunit on Immunoreactive Human Thyrotropin.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The cDNA of the common alpha-subunit of human glycoprotein hormone was mutated by site directed mutagenesis in the CMGCC region composed of cysteine-methionine-glycine-cysteine-cysteine (position 28-32). The cDNA of wild-type human thyrotropin (hTSH) beta-subunit and that of wild-type or mutant common alpha-subunits were co-transfected into COS-I cells. The concentration of hTSH determined by two immunoradiometric assay systems was detectable in culture media of COS-I cells transfected with wild-type (CMGCC) and a mutant (CRGCC) alpha-subunits but not four other mutants (YMGCC) (CMRCC) (CMACC) (CMDCC). The present data with the other studies on wild-type or mutant glycoprotein hormones support our hypothesis that an amino acid motif of "C-X-G-X-C" in the common alpha-(CMGCC in human) and beta-(CAGYC in human) subunits play an important role in biosynthesis of glycoprotein hormones in all species.
From Individual to Universal: Regularized Multi-view Joint Representation for Multi-view Subspace-Preserving Recovery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent years have witnessed an explosion of Multi- view Subspace Classification (MSCla) and Multi-view Subspace Clustering (MSClu) methods for various applications. However, their theoretical foundation have not been well explored and understood. In this paper, we investigate the multi-view subspace-preserving recovery theory, which is the theoretical underpinnings for MSCla and MSClu methods. Specifically, we derive novel geometrically interpretable conditions for the success of multi-view subspace-preserving recovery. Compared with prior related works, we make the following innovations: First, our theory does not require the equality constraint, which is a common requirement in prior theoretical works and may be too restrictive in reality. Second, we provide both Individual Theoretical Guarantee (ITG) and Universal Theoretical Guarantee (UTG) for multi-view subspace-preserving recovery while prior works only give the UTG. Third, we also apply the proposed theory to establish theoretical guarantees for MSCla and MSClu, respectively. Numerical results validate the proposed theory for multi-view subspace-preserving recovery.
On-Court Static Balance Evaluation Of Young Tennis Players

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the outcome of some tennis drills sessions on the static balance performance of young tennis players. The study was conducted for 12 months on 24 amateur tennis players (age 12 ± 2 years; body mass 47 ± 8 kg; body height 155 ± 12 cm) participating twice per week in a 2-hour tennis class. Balance performance was appraised before and immediately after a tennis training session (pre-training and post-training, respectively). The training session proposed by the authors implied three static balance training exercises performed individually and in pairs. Balance assessment was performed with the Nintendo Wii Board (®) and the Wii Fit software. Also, dynamometric measurements of peak isokinetic moment in the knee flexors and extensors were performed pre and post tennis training sessions to quantify the degree of muscle fatigue induced by the tennis training session. To evaluate the differences in balance and isokinetic performance between pre and post tennis training sessions, one-way analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used. The data analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in balance performance, but exposed significant differences in the knee joint moment production between pre and post tennis training measures. The Nintendo Wii Board seems to be a dependable and accurate low-priced device that could be used in field settings on subjects of various ages. Future research is necessary to scrutinise more the inter- and intra-subject variability.
Leukotrienes, IL-13, and chemokines cooperate to induce BHR and mucus in allergic mouse lungs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In mice, intratracheal challenges with antigen (ovalbumin) or recombinant murine interleukin-13 (IL-13) induce lung inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), and mucus accumulation as independent events (Singer M, Lefort J, and Vargaftig BB. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 26: 74–84, 2002), largely mediated by leukotrienes (LT). We previously showed that LTC 4 was released 15 min after ovalbumin, and we show that it induces the expression of monocyte chemoattractant proteins 1 and 5 and KC in the lungs, as well as IL-13 mRNA. Instilled intratracheally, these chemokines induced BHR and mucus accumulation, which were inhibited by the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton and by the cysteinyl-LT receptor antagonist MK-571, suggesting mediation by cysteinyl-LT. Because these chemokines also induced release of LT into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and IL-13 into the lungs, we hypothesize that LT- and chemokine-based loops for positive-feedback regulations cooperate to maintain and amplify BHR and lung mucus accumulation after allergic challenge and in situations where IL-13, LT, or chemokines are generated.