jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Defect Imaging with Guided Waves Propagating in a Long Range

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Pipe inspection with guided waves is highly expected as an efficient screening technique that enables us to inspect a few dozen meters of a pipe. Although inspection equipments widely introduced in a practical inspection site adopt easy-to-use axisymmetric modes, authors have developed defect imaging technique using non-axisymmetric modes as well. In our previous paper, defect images were shown in short range of only 1.2 meters away from transducers. In this study, therefore, effects of long propagation to defect images are discussed. Long range imaging was experimentally done using source signals and their multiple reflections between both edges of a 4-meter-long pipe, instead of reflected waves from defects. In the experimental investigation, large degradation of images was shown in far field. A computer simulation of guided wave propagation reveals that a major reason of the degradation is the difference between dispersion curves for an actual pipe and theoretical ones. To reduce the degradation, images were obtained by neglecting higher modes with larger differences in phase velocity. As a result, images were obtained in correct location up to about 20 meters.
Bainitic variant evolution in a low‐alloyed steel including numerical aspects

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Bainite formation is of particular industrial relevance especially after hot‐forming and quenching of relatively bulky components. In these processes large portions of the component are subjected to appropriate cooling rates which yield a considerable fraction of the bainitic product phase. In our work, we develop a thermodynamically consistent multi‐scale model for phase transformations from austenite into 24 possible bainite variants. Furthermore, the model is capable to express the macroscopic effects of volume change due to phase transformation as well as to transformation‐induced plasticity (TRIP). Basic ideas for our material‐model can be found among others in [1–3]. Because of the highly complex, strongly coupled model equations, the numerical implementation is a very challenging task. Therefore, we make use of a projected Newton algorithm combined with an active‐set strategy, as an extension to the approach in [4] for austenite‐martensite transformations in shape memory alloys. Numerical examples illustrate the quadratic convergence behaviour in a Finite‐Element scheme. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An efficient and fast microwave-assisted extraction method developed for the simultaneous determination of 18 organochlorine pesticides in sediment

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An efficient and fast microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method followed by gas chromatographic separation with mass spectrometric detection (GC–MS) was developed for the extraction of 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from sediment. Parameters affecting the MAE procedure such as the type and volume of the extraction solvent, irradiation power, temperature and irradiation time were successfully optimised. Under the optimal conditions, extraction efficiencies in the range of 73.4–119% were obtained with THF–HEX (9:1, v/v) for all OCPs studied. The method was linear over the range of 2.9–5000 ng g−1 with determination coefficients (r2) higher than 0.992 for all analytes. The limits of detection, LODs (S/N = 3), obtained varied from 1.0 to 2.2 ng g−1 and limits of quantification, LOQs (S/N = 10) were between 2.9 and 6.8 ng g−1. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of real sediment samples and acceptable recoveries from 70.1 to 124% with RSDs ≤14.8% were obtained. 10 OCPs were determined below their LOQ and 8 OCPs in the range of 124–2830 ng g−1. The MAE method was compared with Soxhlet, shake flask and ultrasonic solvent extraction techniques. Thus, the MAE–GC–MS method could efficiently be used for selective extraction and quantification of the target analytes from the complex sediment matrices.
A cross-cultural study : the impact of individualism-collectivism on consumer behavior towards online coupons.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Cultural differences are known to effect consumer behavior and attitude. Past researches have studied their effect on the acceptance of traditional coupons and internet shopping. However, little empirical research exists on the effectiveness of online coupons. Online coupons are not only digital versions of traditional coupons; these coupons utilize group-buying in order to increase discount rates up to 80%. This study examines the effects of cultural differences on consumer behavior in the purchase of online coupons. In particular, one of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, individualism-collectivism, is used to investigate these effects. Respondents were chosen and subjected to an internet-administered survey, which included questions about their purchase intention of a manipulated online coupon, their perception of online coupons in general, and other behavior involved in the purchase of online coupons. The findings of this study indicate that consumers are differentially influenced by (1) product scarcity induced by urgency from time left and (2) product popularity indicated by the number of people who brought the coupon. Compared to collectivists, individualists are more likely to purchase online coupons if lesser people had bought the deal beforehand and if a shorter time remains to buy the deal. This study also reveals the differences on how consumers value group-buying deals. Collectivists’ purchase intentions are influenced by discount percentage and information search, whereas, individualists are influenced by their perception of the value of the deal.
Armenia: Art, Religion and Trade in the Middle Ages, by Evans, Helen C., ed.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Evans, Helen C., ed., Armenia: Art, Religion and Trade in the Middle Ages. New Haven CT and London: The Metropolitan Museum of Art/ Yale University Press, 2018. Pp. 352 + 282 illustrations. $ 65.00.Armenia: Art, Religion and Trade in the Middle Ages is the catalogue that accompanied the exhibition Armenia!, held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York from late September 2018 to mid-January 2019. Extending from the acceptance of Christianity as Armenia’s state religion in the fourth century to the end of the eighteenth century, this volume examines Armenia’s role in the Eastern Christian
RETRACTED: Effect of comprehensive nursing education on self-care ability and psychological state of patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To study the influence of comprehensive nursing on self-care ability and psychological state of sufferers with coronary heart disease (CHD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). From August 2017 to June 2019, 79 patients who underwent coronary intervention in the Department of Cardiology medical of our hospital were selected as the research object. 34 subjects who received routine basic nursing were included in the control group (CG). 45 cases in the observation group (OG) received comprehensive nursing intervention based on routine nursing. The self-care ability, quality of life and psychological state of patients were compared in both groups before and after nursing intervention. The compliance behavior and nursing satisfaction of patients were compared in both groups. After the nursing, the ESCA and life quality scores in both groups were obviously ameliorated compared with those before the nursing care, and the OG was higher than the CG (P < 0.05). After the intervention, the blood pressure, blood lipid, SAS score and SDS score of sufferers were significantly declined in both groups, and the SAS and SDS scores of sufferers in OG were obviously lower than those in CG (p < 0.05). Comprehensive nursing intervention can effectually ameliorate the self-care ability and life quality in sufferers with CHD after PCI, which can be applied and popularized in clinical practice.
Molecular Medicine © 2000 The Picower Institute Press Induction of Neonatal Tolerance to Oxidized Lipoprotein Reduces Atherosclerosis In ApoE Knockout Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: In the course of atherosclerosis, humans and apolipoprotein (apoE) Knockout (KO) mice exhibit an active cell-mediated and humoral immune process, both at the systemic level and within atheromata. Low density lipoproteins (LDL) infiltrate the vascular wall, where they are oxidatively modified. This oxidative modification may generate new epitopes for which tolerance is not achieved during ontogenesis. Such epitopes could constitute new targets for autoreactive immune responses that may have a physiopathological role in disease development. Materials and Methods: Exposing mice to high dose of antigens during thymic T-cell education induces immunological tolerance to the administered antigens. We injected newborn apoE KO mice with oxidized LDL. They were fed a cholesterol-rich diet and aortic atherosclerosis, cell-mediated immune response, and T-cell repertoire were analyzed after 5 months. Results: Injection of oxidized LDL at birth reduced not only the immune response to oxidized LDL, but also susceptibility to atherosclerosis in apoE mice. Injection of oxidized LDL induced T-cell tolerance due to clonal deletion, rather than anergy of the reactive T cells. The T-cell repertoire of apoE KO mice was affected by the development of the disease, whereas tolerization normalized it. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the immune response against oxidized LDL has a deleterious role in atherogenesis and that a fine-tuning of this response could modify the course of the disease.
Abstract 2077: Downregulation of miR-21 induces differentiation of chemo-resistant colon cancer cells and enhances susceptibility to therapeutic regimens.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous posttranscriptional modulators that negatively control the expression of their target genes and play an important role in the development and progression of colorectal carcinoma. In particular, microRNA-21 (miR-21), whose expression is greatly increased in chemotherapy-resistant (CR) colon cancer cells that are enriched in undifferentiated cancer stem/stem-like cells (CSCs/CSLCs). We hypothesize that miR-21 plays a critical role in regulating differentiation of colon cancer (CR cells). Indeed, we observed that downregulation of miR-21 in CR colon cancer HCT-116 cells by anti-sense-miR-21 induced differentiation, as evidenced by marked increases in CK-20 (cytokeratin-20) expression and alkaline phosphatase activity. These changes were accompanied by a significant reduction in the expression of colon CSC/CSLCs marker CD44, colonospheres formation and TCF/LEF activity and increased expression of the pro-apoptotic gene PDCD4. Induction of differentiation greatly increased the sensitivity of CR cells to the growth inhibitory effects of all three regimens tested: 5- FU+ Oxaliplatin (FUOX), difluorinated curcumin (CDF), an analog of curcumin and the combination of CDF and FUOX. However, the magnitude of inhibition of growth by either CDF (75%) alone or CDF + FUOX (80%) was much higher than that observed with FUOX (40%). Growth inhibition by CDF and CDF + FUOX in differentiating CR colon cancer cells was associated with a 98-99% reduction in the expression of CD44 and EGFR. The current observation suggest that CDF as well as CDF + FUOX are highly effective in inhibiting growth and reducing colon CSCs/CSLCs in anti-miR-21-induced differentiating CR colon cancer cells, which supports our contention that differentiating cells become susceptible to conventional and non-conventional therapeutic regimen. Citation Format: Yingjie Yu, Fazlul H. Sarkar, Adhip P.N. Majumdar. Downregulation of miR-21 induces differentiation of chemo-resistant colon cancer cells and enhances susceptibility to therapeutic regimens. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2077. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2077
The Problem Concerning Integrity of the National Economy in the Divided Polish Lands: The Kingdom of Poland (1815–1830)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article considers the history of the Polish national economy and national market in the period of emergence of so-called bourgeois nations in Europe, when lands of former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were partitioned between three powers: the Russian Empire, the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. The history of nations in the 19th century is often studied in such conditions when the part of the ethnic community became the part of the foreign country as it occurred with Poland. Under the foreign domination, ethnic and national development factors as well as cultural and political separation of the Polish society from societies of Russia, Austria and Prussia remained intact for a long time and developed in their own way. Those tendencies especially appeared in the system of the national economy, which was the fundament of the nation as the historical community. The separate economic policy of the Kingdom of Poland created a basis of the national market and the national economy not only for the Kingdom itself, but for all Polish lands. The article shows that the economic unity of the Polish lands had been existing up to the last decades of the 19th century, when centripetal forces became to prevail in the economic development of Russia, Austria and Prussia due to the industry and capital concentration. It was the main reason of disintegration of the Polish economic space
Comment on: Davidson et al. High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation in People With Prediabetes and Hypovitaminosis D. Diabetes Care 2013;36:260–266

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have read with interest the work by Davidson et al. (1) reporting in this journal that in a non-Caucasian population with impaired fasting glycemia or impaired glucose tolerance and low vitamin D levels, vitamin D supplementation had no effect on estimates of insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, or incident diabetes.

Our research group started a similar study (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01183442) in Caucasians with postchallenge hyperglycemia (i.e., 2-h glucose ≥140 mg/dL), vitamin D deficiency, and coronary artery disease. As in the study by Davidson et al. (1) we had to prescreen a high number of patients ( n = 1,814). Five …
Legal Dynamics of Board of Directors Authority Post - Appointment: An Analysis of Indonesian Corporate Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the legal criteria and processes involved in the empowerment of the Board of Directors in Indonesian Limited Liability Companies, focusing on the procedural aspects post -appointment by the General Meeting of Shareholders. It highlights the regulatory framework governing the authority of the Board of Directors and the role of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights in legitimizing this authority. The research employs a Regulatory Review Methodology and a Normative Juridical approach, analyse the Limited Liability Company Law to elucidate when a Board members authority to legally represent the company commences. The findings emphasize the necessity of a registration receipt from the Ministry for legal representation, thus contributing to a clearer understanding of corporate governance in Indonesia. The purpose of this article is to analyse the legal processes and requirements that validate the authority of the Board of Directors in Indonesian Limited Liability Companies post their appointment, with a specific focus on the role of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. This article is significant as it provides a comprehensive legal analysis of the authority vested in the Board of Directors of Indonesian Limited Liability Companies, highlighting the critical role of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights in legitimizing this authority, which is vital for corporate governance and legal compliance.
Ouabain-induced potentiation of Ca2+-contraction in the depolarized vas deferens of guinea-pig.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of ouabain (10(-5) M) on the Ca2+-evoked phasic contraction was examined in various depolarized vas deferens of the guinea-pig. Ouabain-induced potentiation of the contraction occurred in muscle depolarized with 40 mM K+, but not in muscle depolarized with 0 mM or 137 mM K+. Furthermore, this potentiating effect of ouabain was investigated in the presence of Mn2+ and Mg2+, each of which has an inhibitory effect on Ca2+-contraction. It was strongly inhibited by Mn2+, but unaffected by Mg2+. From these findings it is suggested that ouabain facilitates Ca2+-entry, which is accompanied by the spike generation.
Electromagnetic Counterparts of Compact Object Mergers Powered by the Radioactive Decay of R-process Nuclei

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The most promising astrophysical sources of kHz gravitational waves (GWs) are the inspiral and merger of binary neutron star(NS)/black hole systems. Maximizing the scientific return of a GW detection will require identifying a coincident electro-magnetic (EM) counterpart. One of the most likely sources of isotropic EM emission from compact object mergers is a supernova-like transient powered by the radioactive decay of heavy elements synthesized in ejecta from the merger. We present the first calculations of the optical transients from compact object mergers that self-consistently determine the radioactive heating by means of a nuclear reaction network; using this heating rate, we model the light curve with a one dimensional Monte Carlo radiation transfer calculation. For an ejecta mass ~1e-2 M_sun[1e-3 M_sun] the resulting light curve peaks on a timescale ~ 1 day at a V-band luminosity nu L_nu ~ 3e41[1e41] ergs/s (M_V = -15[-14]); this corresponds to an effective "f" parameter ~3e-6 in the Li-Paczynski toy model. We argue that these results are relatively insensitive to uncertainties in the relevant nuclear physics and to the precise early-time dynamics and ejecta composition. Due to the rapid evolution and low luminosity of NS merger transients, EM counterpart searches triggered by GW detections will require close collaboration between the GW and astronomical communities. NS merger transients may also be detectable following a short-duration Gamma-Ray Burst or "blindly" with present or upcoming optical transient surveys. Because the emission produced by NS merger ejecta is powered by the formation of rare r-process elements, current optical transient surveys can directly constrain the unknown origin of the heaviest elements in the Universe.
Abstract P307: Chitin-Glucan Fiber Effects on Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) is believed to play a role in the progression of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) and the development of diabetes complications. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a novel insoluble fiber derived from the mycelium Aspergillus niger , chitin-glucan (CG) (ARTINIA™), evaluated 135 patients with fasting LDL-cholesterol 130-189.9 mg/dl and fasting glucose <=125 mg/dl. Participants were randomly assigned to receive CG (4.5 g/day; n=34), CG (1.5 g/day; n=33), CG (1.5 g/day) plus olive extract (n=33), or matching placebo (n=35) for 6 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the between-group difference in OxLDL. Secondary outcome measurements included effects upon lipid, glucose, insulin, and F2-isoprostane levels. After 6 weeks, CG 4.5 g/day (CG-4.5) significantly reduced mean OxLDL 3.8 U/L compared to baseline (58.0 U/L vs 61.8 U/L, respectively; P =0.006), and reduced OxLDL 4.97 U/L compared to placebo (P=<0.05). Other treatment groups generally had no significant effect upon OxLDL. CG treatment groups reduced LDL-cholesterol levels 3.2–;6.5% compared to placebo (P<0.05). In this study population without diabetes mellitus or elevated glucose levels, CG did not significantly affect high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, F2-isoprostanes, or the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Treatments were well tolerated and with adverse experiences comparable to placebo. These results suggest that chitin-glucan, a novel insoluble fiber, may significantly reduce OxLDL and LDL-cholesterol levels, which may have therapeutic implications for patients at risk for CHD or other diabetes complications.
The health of intensive care unit teams: moving beyond a trauma focus

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Dear Sir, We write in response to your article ‘Mental health of staff working in intensive care during COVID-19’, published on 13 January 2021 [1]. This survey of 709 staff conducted in June and July 2020 found that 45% of ICU staff met the threshold for clinical significance on measures of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 39%), severe depression (6%) or problem drinking (7%). The authors call for a national strategy to protect the mental health of ICU staff. We entirely support the need for a strategy to protect the mental health of ICU staff. However, methodological limitations within the study may result in inflated PTSD estimates. In June and July 2020, most units were coping with acute clinical demands. Hyperarousal, intrusive memories and negative alterations in cognition may have constituted normal responses to acute stress, yet coverage of these findings led concerned colleagues to ask us whether they had PTSD. Meta-analyses have found that high-exposure work during pandemics is associated with only a small additional burden of mental health problems compared to low-exposure work [2] and higher rates of mental ill-health during the acute phase recede in the months that follow [3]. Anecdotally, only a minority of our colleagues have required onwards referral for evidence-based treatments for PTSD, certainly far fewer than 39%.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Physical Therapists toward COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia—A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To curb the COVID-19 pandemic, the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of preventive measures play an essential role, and healthcare workers have had to endure a burden to care for COVID-19 patients. Thus, this study aimed to assess the weight of the KAP of physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study, where we circulated an online KAP questionnaire to 1179 physical therapists, and among those, 287 participated and completed the questionnaire. The collected responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and regression analyses, and p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Both males and females participated in almost equal numbers; most of the participants were <40 years, had a bachelor’s level of education, and were from the central region of Saudi Arabia. Social media and the internet were the primary sources of COVID-19-related information (74.6%). Knowledge components A (92%) and B (73.9%) were excellent among most participants. Approximately half of the participants (50.5%) had a moderate attitude toward COVID-19, and regarding the practice component, most participants (74.6%) scored moderately. Correlation analysis showed a low positive relationship between knowledge A, attitude, and practice components. Still, there was a very low positive relationship between knowledge B, attitude, and practice components, but both were statistically significant. Our study showed that physical therapists in Saudi Arabia exhibit good knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19.