jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and magnetic properties copper(II) trinuclear complexes oxamido ligand

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Summary Ten novel/~-oxamido trinuclcar complexes, namely Cu 2(oxae)2Ln(C104) 3 (Ln = Y, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Yb), where oxae donotes the N,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)oxamido dianion, were prepared and characterized. The magnetic susceptibility of Cu2(oxae)2Gd(C104)3 was measured ovcr the 4-300 K range and the observed data were successfully simulated by an equation based on the spin Hamiltonian operator [/4=--2J(gGd',~Cu~-I-SGd ' ~ ^ h Scu ~) - 2 J (Sc~ , -Sc~)]. The exc ange integrals JtGd--Cu) and J~d--C, were found to be 2.37 and -0.71cm -1, respectively, indicating that very weakly ferromagnetic spin-exchange interaction operates between copper(II) and gadolinium(III) ions.
Plasma levels of some blood coagulation parameters in Nigerian homozygous sickle cell patients (HbSS) in steady state

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The plasma levels of some blood coagulation parameters; prothrombin time, (PT), partial thromboplastin time with kaolin (PTTK), thrombin clotting time, (TCT), fibrinogen and factor X assay were determined in 50 Nigerian homozygous (HbSS) patients and 50 HbAA healthy individuals for the purpose of assessing their baseline values and susceptibility of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) to hyper coagulability. Standard procedures were used for all variables. The mean age of the study participants was 21.7 +/- 5.0 years. The mean PT of 13.7 +/- 1.4 s in HbSS patients was found to be significantly longer than the mean PT value of 12.9 +/- 1.0 in HbAA control subjects (p < 0.001). The mean PTTK values of 46.0 +/- 9.6 s in HbSS patients was also found to be significantly higher than the 41.0 +/- 3.7 s recorded among the control subjects (p < 0.001). The mean TCT of 6.4 +/- 0.8 s in HbSS patients was however found to be significantly lower than the mean value of 10.6 +/- 0.8 s obtained in the control group. Fibrinogen level (4.1 +/- 2.1 g/l) in HbSS patients and 2.8 +/- 0.9 g/l in HbAA controls was also found to be significantly different (p < 0.001). Factor X level in the sickle cell patients, (64.6 +/- 14.9%) was equally found to be significantly lower than that of the apparently healthy HbAA control individuals (95.2 +/- 7.2%) (p < 0.001).
Learning languages through collaborative storytelling with iTEO

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Native Luxembourgish children learn German and French in order to access the country’s trilingual curriculum. Ethnic minority children must in addition learn Luxembourgish. Each language will be taught differently. This complex setting has inhibited research on the learning of multiple languages. Further, there is little consensus on effective language pedagogies in Luxembourg. Storying is a leading activity in language learning (Paley 1991, Dyson 1997). Children’s learning is mediated by tools and other people. Storying is also a valuable tool for the ‘interanimation of languages’ (Bakhtin 1981) in Luxembourg’s school and societal context. In spite of this, there has been little research on storying in Luxembourgish classrooms (Gretsch 1994). Our research project examines how children learn languages through storying with the application iTEO which records and edits oral texts. Pupils can discuss contents and processes in one language and tell stories in another. In particular, we look at the strategies children use to mediate language learning during the collaborative construction of stories. The study has been carried out with nursery and primary school children aged 5, 7 and 10 who tell stories in several languages. The four month long data collection comprised video-recordings of the storytelling events, interviews with children and teachers, and the oral texts themselves. The data analysis focused on the search for recurring themes such as learning strategies, teaching strategies, the children’s oral participation and their skills in communication and collaboration. The findings illustrate, firstly, that the children learned new phrases through performing stories with classmates and that they used a range of mediating strategies to assist each other (e.g. use of mime, gestures and pictures, code-switching, writing.) Second, we found that the use of iTEO encouraged the development of metalinguistic awareness in the older children.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Histone Methyltransferase Gene <i>SETD2</i> Is a Novel Tumor Suppressor Gene in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Histone Methyltransferase Gene <i>SETD2</i> Is a Novel Tumor Suppressor Gene in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Strategy to effect change in pharmacy practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The formulation of a strategy for change in pharmacy practice is described. Pharmacy has focused more on improving efficiency for existing functions than on identifying and adapting to the changing needs of society. The survival of the profession will depend on its ability to meet the present and future needs of society. Structural and procedural aspects of strategy formulation should focus on building a consensus within the profession. Interests of professional leaders, educators, practitioners, and the public should be incorporated into the profession's strategy. A center for strategic planning, supported by national pharmacy organizations, is suggested. Formulation of a strategy for pharmacy should involve: (1) an assessment of health-care needs relevant to pharmacy; (2) comparative evaluations of methods for delivering needed services; (3) integration with other health-care services; (4) organization and management of pharmacy practice; (5) financing considerations; and (6) legislative and regulatory changes. Planned strategic change will provide pharmacy with a mechanism for channeling its future activity in a direction that can effectively and efficiently meet the needs of society.
Deteksi Pornografi pada Karakter Animasi 2D dengan KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors) Menggunakan Fitur HSV

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The development of animation technology is very rapid, both in 2D and 3D forms. Most animators often create female animated characters for various fields such as games, commercials or other anime. Along with the development of animation, there are also negative and positive impacts, where the negative impact is the presence of symbols that lead to pornography. Most of the animations containing negative symbols are spread through the internet, which can be accessed easily by anyone, regardless of age. Which can result in addiction to viewing pornography to other negative behaviors. Artificial intelligence, which is currently developing rapidly, also allows this research to aim at early detection of animated characters that contain pornographic elements. By classifying 2D female animation using the KNN algorithm method with HSV feature extraction. The HSV feature is quite good at detecting complex colors in 2D animated characters. Where the HSV feature can distinguish skin color from other colors in 2D animation. The dataset used consists of 3 categories, namely pornographic images, semi-pornographic images, and non-pornographic images. Using the KNN method, it is possible to classify pornographic, semi-pornographic and non-pornographic images. In this study, the results of HSV feature extraction using the KNN classification method obtained the highest accuracy value of 63.16%.
Inverse Reinforcement Learning from a Gradient-based Learner

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Inverse Reinforcement Learning addresses the problem of inferring an expert's reward function from demonstrations. However, in many applications, we not only have access to the expert's near-optimal behavior, but we also observe part of her learning process. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for this setting, in which the goal is to recover the reward function being optimized by an agent, given a sequence of policies produced during learning. Our approach is based on the assumption that the observed agent is updating her policy parameters along the gradient direction. Then we extend our method to deal with the more realistic scenario where we only have access to a dataset of learning trajectories. For both settings, we provide theoretical insights into our algorithms' performance. Finally, we evaluate the approach in a simulated GridWorld environment and on the MuJoCo environments, comparing it with the state-of-the-art baseline.
Ge and Si isotope behavior during intense tropical weathering and ecosystem cycling

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Chemical weathering of volcanic rocks in warm and humid climates contributes disproportionately to global solute fluxes. Geochemical signatures of solutes and solids formed during this process can help quantify and reconstruct volcanic weathering intensity in the past. Here, we measured silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) isotope ratios of the soils, clays, and fluids from a tropical lowland rainforest in Costa Rica. The bulk topsoil is intensely weathered and isotopically light (mean±1σ: δ30Si = –2.1±0.3‰, δ74Ge = –0.13±0.12‰) compared to the parent bedrock (δ30Si = –0.11±0.05‰, δ74Ge = 0.59±0.07‰). Neoforming clays have even lower values (δ30Si = –2.5±0.2‰, δ74Ge = –0.16±0.09‰), demonstrating a whole-system isotopic shift in extremely weathered systems. The lowland streams represent mixing of dilute local fluids (δ30Si = 0.2 – 0.6‰, δ74Ge = 2.2 – 2.6‰) with solute-rich interbasin groundwater (δ30Si = 1.0±0.2‰, δ74Ge = 4.0‰). Using a Ge-Si isotope mass balance model, we calculate that 91±9% of Ge released via weathering of lowland soils is sequestered by neoforming clays, 9±9% by vegetation, and only 0.2±0.2% remains dissolved. In contrast, vegetation plays an important role in the Si cycle, directly sequestering 39±14% of released Si and enhancing clay neoformation in surface soils via the addition of amorphous phytolith silica. Globally, volcanic soil δ74Ge closely tracks the depletion of Ge by chemical weathering (τGe), whereas δ30Si and Ge/Si both reflect the loss of Si (τSi). Because of the different chemical mobilities of Ge and Si, a δ74Ge-δ30Si multi-proxy system is sensitive to a wider range of weathering intensities than each isotopic system in isolation.
Cerebral mapping of apraxia in Alzheimer's disease by positron emission tomography

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The ability to mimic skilled movements or to pantomime them in response to spoken command was compared with psychometric performance and with regional glucose utilization as estimated by [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in 17 right‐handed patients with Alzheimer's disease and 6 age‐matched normal subjects. Apraxia scores, both on tests to command and to imitation, were significantly lower in the Alzheimer patients. Imitation scores correlated best with performance on tests of visual–spatial ability and with cortical metabolism in the right parietal lobe; command scores related most closely with the results of tests reflecting verbal proficiency and with cortical metabolism in the left inferior hemisphere, especially frontally. Apraxia to command and imitation may thus reflect neuronal dysfunction in distinct cerebral regions in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Cationic Conjugated Polymer/DNA Complexes for Amplified Fluorescence Assays of Nucleases and Methyltransferases

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new method is developed for sensitive, homogeneous, and convenient assays of nucleases and methyltransferases using complexes of cationic conjugated polymers with DNA containing a fluorescein tag at the 5′-terminus (DNA-Fl). The cleavage of DNA by nucleases can be monitored by fluorescence spectra by observing conjugated-polymer or fluorescein emission changes in aqueous solutions.
Occupational hazards, sleep quality and musculoskeletal problems of pregnant workers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between musculoskeletal problems and sleep quality and exposure to occupational hazards in working pregnant women. The study included a total of 142 pregnant women working in various industries. The risk of experiencing musculoskeletal system problems was found to increase with impaired sleep quality (OR interval min =1.132 max =1.303). As the amount of work-related physical damage increased, musculoskeletal complaints increased (OR interval min = 1.228 max = 1.527). Environmental hazards and psychosocial hazards seemed to increase the risk of having musculoskeletal problems (OR interval min = 1.209 max = 1.465, and OR interval min = 1.326 max = 1.547, respectively). Physical, psychosocial and workplace environmental hazards seemed to increase the risk of musculoskeletal complaints in pregnancy. It was also seen that as sleep quality decreased, so musculoskeletal complaints increased.Impact StatementWhat is already known about this subject? Occupational hazards and poor sleep quality can be associated with adverse health outcomes. Pregnant women working in different industries in Turkey may also face work-related hazards. They may also experience pregnancy-related sleep problems. In this context, there is a need to identify occupational hazards and problems related to sleep and to provide protective strategies.What do the results of this study add? The most frequent physical hazard was determined to be a simultaneous bending and rolling movement, the most frequent work environment hazard was noise exposure and the most frequent psychosocial hazard was the lack of a reward system. Physical, work environment and psychosocial hazards were observed to increase the risk of musculoskeletal problems. Moreover, the risk of having musculoskeletal problems increased as sleep quality deteriorated.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Training should be planned for working women, including the idea of conception and work-related hazards and protective strategies. It may be possible to provide arrangements related to the workplace by including employers in this training.
Structural studies on sulfonylbicyclo[n.2.0]alkan‐1‐ols

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The structures of a series of sulfonylbicyclo[ n .2.0]alkan‐1‐ols ( n = 3–6) 1 – 6 were determined by single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction. A survey of the Cambridge Structural Database and Monte Carlo conformational searches using MacroModel were performed. Compounds 1 , 3 and 4 show intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Compound 2 is stabilized by three‐centered ‘bifurcated’ intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl proton and the sulfone oxygens. Compounds 5 and 6 are stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed between the trans 1‐hydroxy and sulfonyl moieties. In compounds 1 – 6 , the degree of cyclotorsion of the four‐ five‐, six‐, seven‐ and eight‐membered rings adjacent to the bond between the bridgehead atoms C1 and C4 is reflected in the magnitude about the exterior angles about C1 (C2—C1—C x ) and C4 (C3—C4—C5). The six‐membered ring systems of 2 , 5 and 6 showed noteworthy increases in the C5—C4—C1—C x and C3—C4—C1—C2 torsion angles, and this was attributed to the conformational constraints of the pseudo‐chair conformation of the six‐membered ring. Similar conformational structure effects were observed in the modeled structures 1a – 6a to those observed for the x‐ray structures 1 – 6 . Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global Burden of Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders: An Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Investigates trends in the burden caused by mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders and presents findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010). In GBD 2010, the burden of MNS disorders was estimated separately from that of neurological disorders, such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. MNS disorders were among the leading causes of disease burden in 2010 and were responsible for 7.4 percent of global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and 22.9 percent of global years lived with disability (YLDs), making them the fifth-leading cause of DALYs and the leading cause of YLDs. These findings represent a 41 percent increase in DALYs caused by MNS disorders between 1990 and 2010, from 182 million to 258 million DALYs, and show important gender differences; overall, in 2010, 124 million mental, neurological, and substance use DALYs occurred among males and 134 million among females. Treatment rates for these disorders are low, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
MFFSNet: A Lightweight Multi-Scale Shuffle CNN Network for Wheat Disease Identification in Complex Contexts

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wheat is one of the most essential food crops globally, but diseases significantly threaten its yield and quality, resulting in considerable economic losses. The identification of wheat diseases faces challenges, such as interference from complex environments in the field, the inefficiency of traditional machine learning methods, and difficulty in deploying the existing deep learning models. To address these challenges, this study proposes a multi-scale feature fusion shuffle network model (MFFSNet) for wheat disease identification from complex environments in the field. MFFSNet incorporates a multi-scale feature extraction and fusion module (MFEF), utilizing inflated convolution to efficiently capture diverse features, and its main constituent units are improved by ShuffleNetV2 units. A dual-branch shuffle attention mechanism (DSA) is also integrated to enhance the model’s focus on critical features, reducing interference from complex backgrounds. The model is characterized by its smaller size and fast operation speed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DSA attention mechanism outperforms the best-performing Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) block by approximately 1% in accuracy, with the final model achieving 97.38% accuracy and 97.96% recall on the test set, which are higher than classical models such as GoogleNet, MobileNetV3, and Swin Transformer. In addition, the number of parameters of this model is only 0.45 M, one-third that of MobileNetV3 Small, which is very suitable for deploying on devices with limited memory resources, demonstrating great potential for practical applications in agricultural production.
Crimes, Concealment and South Korea's Truth and Reconciliation Commission

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the summer of 1950, at the start of the Korean conflict, the government of Syngman Rhee in the South ordered the massive execution of over one hundred thousand (perhaps two hundred thousand) civilians simply suspected of being communist sympathizers. This war crime by any standard, civilized and uncivilized, has only been unveiled recently and officially by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Republic of Korea http://www.jinsil.go.kr/English/Commission/index.asp.
[Nonmalignant pleural disease in asbestos exposed workers].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The review deals with nonmalignant pleural changes related to asbestos: pleural thickenings, calcifications and effusions. The pathology of the pleural changes and their prevalence in asbestos exposed populations is described. The report presents also the ILO radiographic criteria for identification and classification of pleural changes and the correlation of X-ray findings to autopsy ones. The function of the lung in workers with the pleural disease is analyzed in terms of specific respiratory defects such as restriction of lung size and transfer defect. Finally the implication of the diagnosis of nonmalignant pleural disease for clinical practice is discussed with a special regarded to asbestos related occupational lung disease.
Toward Defining the Human Parotid Gland Salivary Proteome and Peptidome:  Identification and Characterization Using 2D SDS−PAGE, Ultrafiltration, HPLC, and Mass Spectrometry

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Saliva plays many biological roles, from lubrication and digestion to regulating bacterial and leukocyte adhesion. To understand the functions of individual components and families of molecules, it is important to identify as many salivary proteins as possible. Toward this goal, we used a proteomic approach as the first step in a global analysis of this important body fluid. We collected parotid saliva as the ductal secretion from three human donors and separated the protein components by two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D SDS-PAGE). Proteins in gel spots were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting, and the results were confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry of selected peptides. Complementing this approach we used ultrafiltration to prepare a low-molecular-weight fraction of parotid saliva, which was analyzed directly or after reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography separation by using mass spectrometric approaches. MS analyses of 2D SDS-PAGE spots revealed known components of saliva, including cystatins, histatins, lysozyme, and isoforms and/or fragments of alpha-amylase, albumin, and proline-rich proteins. We also discovered novel proteins, such as several isoforms of Zn-alpha-2-glycoprotein and secretory actin-binding protein. MS analyses of the ultrafiltrate showed that the low-molecular-weight fraction of parotid saliva was peptide-rich, with novel fragments of proline-rich proteins and histatins in abundance. Experiments using Candida albicans as the test organism showed that at least one of the novel peptides had antifungal activity. Our results show that saliva is a rich source of proteins and peptides that are potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Early Problems Encountered with the Mentor Inflatable Penile Prosthesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present 9 consecutive patients who underwent insertion of the Mentor inflatable penile prosthesis. Of these patients 3 had successful results after repeated problems with the Scott inflatable penile prosthesis. Complications included spontaneous inflation of the prosthesis, a tubing kink, aneurysmal cylinder ballooning and cylinder disruption. Slow deflation seems to be an inherent problem with the Mentor system. Although penile squeezing may be used to help deflation, traumatic urethritis may occur. However, concealment may not be possible without such squeezing. Interim use of a noninflatable prosthesis to treat a damaged corpus cavernosum is recommended. Although ingenious technology has enabled successful implant surgery, no penile prosthesis yet devised has proven to be ideal. Further refinements are being made. Ultimate evaluation will require years of followup in the spirit of the pre-700 series of Scott inflatable penile prostheses.
A National Program for the Assessment and Treatment of Sex Offenders in the English Prison System

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A new national prison strategy for the assessment and treatment of sex offenders in England is described. Its main features are the potential inclusion of all convicted sex offenders sentenced to 4 or more years in prison, a coordinated and systematized assessment and treatment package, reliance on nonspecialist personnel to deliver treatment, and the integration of population and program research. Individuals are allocated to treatment depending on an assessment of the seriousness of their offending and their risk of reoffending, using an algorithm based on conviction history. The rationale underlying key decisions is described, and issues raised by the program are discussed.