jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cement-based sensors for structural health monitoring

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of structural health monitoring is to continuously and accurately assess the performance of structures using a sensory system. Recently introduced, cement-based sensors are piezoresistive and therefore can be used to sense stress/strain, simply by monitoring their electrical resistivity. These sensors, also known as smart (self-monitoring) structural materials can be used as a part or total component of structures and provide both structural capability and response to applied stress and damage. In this study cement-based sensors are developed using two types of carbon fibres, as well as both single-walled and multi-walled carbon nano-tubes. A wide range of experiments were conducted to pinpoint the most efficient fibre content, frequency, electrode type and resistivity measurement technique. The influence of different parameters such as curing, temperature, moisture and chloride were also investigated. The resistivity of the specimens increased with curing time, but became almost constant after a certain amount of time. The resistivity values decreased with increasing temperature and increased with the decrease in temperature at a rate of about 22-35 ohm-cm/°C. It was further found that moisture and chloride have a considerable influence on the electrical resistivity of these sensors. Next, the response of the developed cement-based sensors to compressive, tensile and flexural loading was explored. The resistivity values from the sensors were compared with load and displacement values as well as strain data acquired from conventional strain gauges. The results indicate that electrical resistivity of the sensors increases reversibly upon tension and decreases reversibly under compression provided that substantial cracking does not occur and the sensor remains in the elastic range. Once a dense field of micro-cracking followed by macro-cracking occurs, these sensors respond distinctly, possibly even prior to the appearance of visible cracks, providing an early prediction of any upcoming failure. The resistivity measurements under both compressive and tensile stress demonstrated an excellent correlation with strain. The developed sensors offer gauge factors well above those of electrical strain gauges. It is concluded, therefore, that cement-based sensors can be the future alternative for conventional sensors in the structural health monitoring of concrete structures.
Urban Environmental Design, Guidelines in Creating a Balanced Singapore: Lessons for the Urban Communities in Thailand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Singapore has many limited resources. But at the same time can develop the country and preserve the environment of the city in a balanced and sustainable way. Therefore, the design of the city on this issue of Singapore is being taken to study the guidelines, as well as bringing the ideas to be presented to the urban communities that are experiencing environmental problems. Thailand has considered applying, and from the study found that Singapore’s urban development is consistent with universal theory, sustainable development, Smart City, compact city and livable city. And when analyzing these theories together with Singapore’s urban environment design, can summarize the guidelines into 4 main issues which are the Guidelines for balancing the city, the Guidelines for linking areas and activities within the city, the Guidelines for land using and urban planning, and the Guidelines for designing landscape elements that promote the good environment in the city. Moreover, building confidence by creating a sense of the country ownership together, as well as the state and the people participation in the development process is an important factor that makes Singapore a fast urban development among the “Good urban environment”.
The wage share and government job creation in Sweden, 1900–2016

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This investigation explores the long-run relationship between the wage share in the non-construction private sector and government efforts to create jobs in public services and construction of infrastructure and houses, in Sweden in 1900 to 2016. In the present article, it is argued that the creation of employment with generous wages by the Swedish government has increased the bargaining power of workers outside of these sectors, thus raising the wage share, up to about 1980. Correspondingly, retrenchment from such policy has been detrimental for the wage share in recent decades. This argument is supported by the results of cointegration tests, estimation of long-run and short-run, speed of adjustment, coefficients, as well as by Impulse-response functions. While government consumption is often found to be an important determinant for the wage share, earlier research has neglected the full labor market effect of government job creation associated with an expansion of the welfare state. Sweden is an ideal case for studying the impact of welfare policy on the wage share, since it has been one of the most extensive welfare states and simultaneously has been one of the most egalitarian countries in the world.
Social class mobility in the early modern Europe: a first international comparison

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The questions we begin in this paper to seek to answer are: (a) How did total intergenerational social class mobility change over time in pre-industrial? (b) Are there variations in total intergenerational social class mobility between countries and regions? We analyzed 50.000 vital registers for 3 countries on total, upward, downward and sectorial mobility. In the country for which we presently arguably have the best data, France, the rate of intergenerational mobility increased, albeit irregularly from the 1720s until 1850 (actually until the end of the twentieth century, as we showed in another stud). For the German and Swedish places, no clear picture can yet be observed: total mobility trajectories vary among places and over time, as do upward and downward mobility. Sweden stands out by a relatively high rate of downward mobility, mostly consisting of farmers’ sons becoming farm laborers. More than expected, however, sons with fathers from outside the farming class succeeded in becoming a farmer. Barriers between the sectors seem to have been weak in Sweden.We can draw two broad conclusions. The first is that pre-modern social class structures were not as stable as either modernization or status maintenance theories claim. The second is that in the case of France, for which we have excellent long-term records, even the major shock of the French Revolution and its aftermath did not cause an observable Sorokin effect for men.
Effect of Treatment of Thyrotoxicosis on Exophthalmos

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MEDICIsOURNAL 50928 days of onset of symptoms, were reported.Residual paralysis was found in only four cases of paralytic poliomyelitis occurring between 5 and 28 days after vaccination, an incidence of 1 in four and a half million doses administered.Three of the four were infants: there was no evidence, as in the United States, of a higher incidence in adults.No par- ticular vaccine batches were implicated.Studies of the age, sex, and geographical distribution of cases and of their vaccination histories did not reveal any important differences between vaccine-associated and other cases.It is considered unlikely that disease was caused by spread of vaccine virus to contacts of vaccinated persons.Type 3 poliovirus was isolated proportionately more often from vaccine-associated than from other cases, but this finding was not unexpected after administration of vaccine containing all three virus types.The frequency of isolation of poliovirus from other cases of paralytic poliomyelitis fell between 1962 and 1963-4, suggesting that a greater proportion of cases diagnosed as poliomyelitis in the later years may not have been due to infection with poliovirus.It is concluded that the risk, if any, of the vaccine causing serious disease was extremely small, and, in view of the benefits conferred by vaccination, it did not justify any change in the present recommendations for the use of oral (Sabin) vaccine.We are indebted to the many medical officers of health, hospital clinicians, general practitioners, and virologists who have co-operated in providing information concerning their patients, and to the Ministry of Health for the statistics on the use of oral vaccine.
“It’s Not A Fucking Book, It’s A Weapon!”: Authority, Power, And Mediation In The Book Of Eli

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The mediation of religious narratives through sacred texts is intimately bound to the power relations involved in their transmission and maintenance. Those who possess such mediated messages and control their access and interpretation have historically held privileged positions of authority, especially when those positions are not easily contested. The 2010 film The Book of Eli uniquely engages these elements by placing the alleged last copy of the King James Version of the Christian Bible at the forefront of a clash between different individuals in a post-nuclear wasteland. This paper, drawing on Max Weber's notion of "charisma," and scholars addressing religion, power, and violence, examines the role of authority and the shifting power relations revolving around the possession and use of this sacred text throughout the film. In doing so, it seeks to carry associated implications and critiques outside of the film and into the contemporary world.
Creditors' Rights under Spanish Law

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Creditors Rights Under Spanish Law Get access Felix Lopez Anton Felix Lopez Anton 1Felix Lopez Anton is a Member of the Madrid Bar Association Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Journal of Comparative Law, Volume 33, Issue 2, Spring 1985, Pages 259–282, https://doi.org/10.2307/840204 Published: 01 April 1985
FP3.9 Five-Year Outcomes After Primary Acetabular Labral Repair with and without Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate: A Case-Control Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Preliminary findings in the literature suggest that treatment with bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) at the time of hip arthroscopy is a potentially viable solution to improve outcomes in patients with cartilage degradation concomitant to acetabular labral tearing; however functional scores to date have not eclipsed 24 months. Therefore, the present study compares minimum five-year outcomes in patients treated with or without BMAC augmentation to address chondral damage during arthroscopic labral repair. Methods: This is a case-control study analyzing prospectively collected data in patients who underwent acetabular labral repair with concomitant acetabular breakdown between May 2014 and January 2019. Patients were stratified into either the 1) BMAC cohort or the 2) control cohort depending on the presence or absence of BMAC during surgery. Comparisons were made between cohorts with respect to baseline demographics, intraoperative variables, radiographic measurements, and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 60 months post-repair. Results: 81 hips were included for analysis: 39 from the BMAC cohort and 42 from the control cohort. At baseline, both groups presented with similar BMI (BMAC: mean=39.0kg/m2 ± SD of 3.9kg/m2 versus no BMAC: 25.3kg/m2 ± 4.4; p=0.856); Tônnis angle (1.4º ± 7.9º vs. 2.6º ± 7.2º; p=0.502), lateral center edge angle (LCEa) (35.5º ± 7.2º vs. 35.7º ± 6.2º; p=0.879); and alpha angle (54.3º ± 14.9º versus 50.3º ± 16.6º; p=0.262); as well as similar adjusted baseline scores according to mHHS (mean=59.8 [95% confidence interval = 56.1 to 68.0] vs. 61.1 [55.6, 66.6]; p=0.760); HOS-ADL (70.8 [64.9, 76.7] vs. 68.5 [63.0, 74.0]; p=0.490); and HOS-SS (40.6 [28.6, 52.6] vs. 33.4 [22.4, 44.4]; p=0.267). By 60 months, treatment with BMAC yielded significantly improved results compared to the control cohort according to mHHS (95.5 [89.6, 100.0] vs. 83.9 [78.4, 89.4]; p=&lt;.001); iHOT-33 (91.5 [82.7, 100.0] vs. 78.3 [70.2, 86.3]; p=0.006); and HOS-SS (87.7 [75.7, 99.7] vs. 71.4 [60.4, 82.4]; p=0.012). Discussion/Conclusion: This study adds to the growing body of literature that describes the use of BMAC during acetabular labral repair, as it agrees with previous 24-month findings and includes mid-term follow-up to examine how this relationship persists over time.
Leveraging Large Language Models and Machine Learning for Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As blockchain technology and smart contracts become widely adopted, securing them throughout every stage of the transaction process is essential. The concern of improved security for smart contracts is to find and detect vulnerabilities using classical Machine Learning (ML) models and fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLM). The robustness of such work rests on a labeled smart contract dataset that includes annotated vulnerabilities on which several LLMs alongside various traditional machine learning algorithms such as DistilBERT model is trained and tested. We train and test machine learning algorithms to classify smart contract codes according to vulnerability types in order to compare model performance. Having fine-tuned the LLMs specifically for smart contract code classification should help in getting better results when detecting several types of well-known vulnerabilities, such as Reentrancy, Integer Overflow, Timestamp Dependency and Dangerous Delegatecall. From our initial experimental results, it can be seen that our fine-tuned LLM surpasses the accuracy of any other model by achieving an accuracy of over 90%, and this advances the existing vulnerability detection benchmarks. Such performance provides a great deal of evidence for LLMs ability to describe the subtle patterns in the code that traditional ML models could miss. Thus, we compared each of the ML and LLM models to give a good overview of each models strengths, from which we can choose the most effective one for real-world applications in smart contract security. Our research combines machine learning and large language models to provide a rich and interpretable framework for detecting different smart contract vulnerabilities, which lays a foundation for a more secure blockchain ecosystem.
Reactions of alkynes with metallaboranes: Novel reactivities lead to new structure types

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The reactions of alkynes with nido- dimetallaboranes containing monocyclopentadienyl metal fragments are highly dependent on metal identity. Typical metals from groups 6 and 7 do not react under mild conditions, Rh gives exclusively alkyne cyclotrimerization via a cluster-catalyzed reaction, and Ru reacts predominantly via insertion to give new ruthenacarborane clusters. The facile reaction observed for Ru permits the characterization of intermediates exhibiting novel structural features, e.g., external cluster-bridging monoborane or alkylidene fragments. Despite the large differences in reactivity, circumstantial evidence suggests the alkyne adds to and opens the metallaborane to an arachno- structure. The metal present determines the character of the metallaborane, which in turn determines whether further reaction occurs. For Ru, it is the hydrogen-rich character fostered by the metal fragment that leads to the copious chemistry observed.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on perceived cardiorespiratory fitness in athlete patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), as one of the most potent prognostic factors in medicine, is followed longitudinally to guide clinical management. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic‐related changes in lifestyle stand to influence CRF. Objective To assess the influence of the pandemic on perceived CRF in athlete patients and evaluate how perceived CRF change was related to demographics, pre‐pandemic measured CRF, and current physical activity (PA). Design Prospective cohort study, utilizing electronic survey. Setting Tertiary care sports cardiology clinical practice. Participants Adult athlete patients without COVID‐19 with pre‐pandemic measured CRF using cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Perceived change in CRF since pandemic onset; association between perceived CRF change and demographics, PA, health status, and pre‐pandemic measured CRF assessed via analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Among 62 participants (male: 71%, 50.1 ± 12.1 years old), 40% (25/62) reported no change and 32% (20/62) reported an increase in perceived CRF since pandemic onset. Among the 27% (17/62) who reported a decrease in perceived CRF, in most (12/17), this was characterized as only mild. Demographics and pre‐pandemic measured CRF did not differ across groups of perceived CRF change. Participants with a moderate or greater decrease in perceived CRF regarded their overall health (via Euro Quality of Life Visual Analogue Scale) as worse than other groups (ANOVA, p = .001). Although total PA was similar across groups, those who had improvement in perceived CRF reported higher levels of moderate intensity PA (ANOVA, p = .008). Conclusions The majority of participants perceived that they had maintained or improved CRF over the pandemic. Findings from this study suggest that a reduction in perceived CRF from pre‐pandemic values in athletic patients in clinical practice may not result from population‐wide pandemic changes in lifestyle. Worse health status and lower levels of moderate intensity PA were associated with perceived reduction in CRF over the pandemic in athlete patients.
Faecal microbiota composition associates with abdominal pain in the general population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We read with great interest the recent communication by Simren et al ,1 reporting a correlation between visceral hypersensitivity and GI symptom severity in functional GI disorders (FGID). Previously, it has been shown that visceral hypersensitivity can be modulated or even induced in animal models, by altering the composition of their gut microbiota with antibiotics or faecal transplantation from IBS donors.2 3 Hence, while a direct link between gut microbiota composition and visceral pain may need to be conclusively established, this holds great potential for translational exploitation in the treatment of IBS and other FGID. Thus far, the potential association between microbiota and abdominal pain in humans has only been investigated in one study that included 15 individuals.4 For this purpose, we studied 159 individuals (average age 59.1, 39.6% men) from the Swedish Population-based Colonoscopy (PopCol) cohort, previously described and with faecal microbiota 16S sequencing data and daily recordings of abdominal pain (number of episodes, duration and intensity) collected over the same period (7.41±7.91 days).5–7 Among these, 52 individuals (assigned to the case group) reported at least one episode …
Boerhaave’s syndrome in a sixty-two-year-old Nigerian man

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Boerhaave’s syndrome is a rare spontaneous transmural esophageal rupture from forceful vomiting. It is commonly misdiagnosed either from the non-specific presentation or its mimicking known premorbid conditions. Mortality could be very high and early with delayed diagnosis. We present a rare occurrence of this syndrome in which delayed diagnosis was due to premorbid conditions of bronchial asthma and hypertension and not symptom presentation and with a very good treatment outcome.
Electronic properties of some protein--methylglyoxal complexes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Steady-state conductivity measurements and dielectric measurements in the frequency range 10(-5) to 100 Hz are reported for samples of bovine serum albumin, casein, and lysozyme complexed with methylglyoxal. Compared with the untreated proteins, the brown complexed proteins exhibit an increased conductivity and free electron spin density, together with a low-frequency dielectric dispersion. These results can be taken as evidence that the interaction with methylglyoxal results in the proteins possessing an increased electronic activity associated with the creation of mobile electron holes within the valence band states of the protein molecules.
Fitting Attitudes and Forgiveness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In philosophical discussions of wrongdoing, it is common to find people saying things such as, “If a person has been wronged, she should resent the wrongdoer.” Writers don’t always say why, but, if one wished to defend the claim, a promising place to turn would be to fitting attitude theories of value: One should feel anger or resentment, because that is the fitting (or accurate) response to wrongdoing. Fitting attitude theory can also help explain why some reasons for forgiving strike us as the wrong kinds of reasons. However, in spite of its attractions, I argue that fitting attitude theory fails to support the claim that those who have been wronged should be angry or resentful rather than forgiving. The argument highlights gaps that must be filled by any theory that attempts to move from judgments of fittingness to full-blown moral judgments.