jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Aluminum inhibits bone nodule formation and calcification in vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cells isolated from neonatal mouse calvariae can be induced to form mineralized nodules after exposure to ascorbic acid and beta-glycerophosphate. To determine whether aluminum inhibits nodule formation and subsequent mineralization, cells isolated from neonatal mouse calvariae were induced to form nodules and incubated with increasing concentrations of aluminum (10(-7) to 10(-5) M). Compared with control and 10(-7) M aluminum-supplemented cultures, the number of nodules formed and the number of nodules calcified were reduced in cells incubated with 10(-6) and 10(-5) M aluminum. The cumulative net calcium uptake into the nodules and their final calcium content were also decreased with 10(-6) and 10(-5) M aluminum. After 10 and 18 days of incubation, aluminum did not affect DNA synthesis or release of alkaline phosphatase but significantly inhibited collagen production. Thus aluminum induced a dose-dependent inhibition of nodule formation and calcification that may be related to its inhibition of collagen production.
Curative effects of hydroxyethyl starch combined with ozagrel sodium for acute cerebral watershed infarction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe the effect of hydroxyethyl starch combined with ozagrel sodium in treatment of acute cerebral watershed infarction.Methods Eighty-seven patients with acute cerebral watershed infarction were randomly divided into two groups.Forty-six cases in the combined treatment group were given hydroxyethyl starch and ozagrel sodium,while Forty-one cases in the control group were only given ozagrel sodium.Neural Function defecient scale(NDS) was evaluated and compared before and after fourteen day’s treatment between the two groups.Results In two groups there were significant differences in NDS between before and after the treatment( P0.01).NDS decreased significantly in treatment group.The treatment effect in treatment group is higher than control group(P0.01).The reduced value of NDS in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group.There were no obvious adverse effect in two groups.Conclusion Hydroxyethyl starch combinedwith ozagrel sodium in the treatment of acute cerebral watershed infarction is effective and safe.
An efficient verification of quantum circuits under a practical restriction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently much attentions have been paid to quantum circuit design to prepare for the future ldquoquantum computation era.rdquo Like the conventional logic synthesis, it should be important to verify and analyze the functionalities of generated quantum circuits. For that purpose, we propose an efficient verification method for quantum circuits under a practical restriction. Thanks to the restriction, we can introduce an efficient verification scheme based on decision diagrams called Decision Diagrams for Matrix Functions (DDMFs). Then, we show analytically the advantages of our approach based on DDMFs over the previous verification techniques. In order to introduce DDMFs, we also introduce new concepts, quantum functions and matrix functions, which may also be interesting and useful on their own for designing quantum circuits.
The Pharmacokinetics of Single Dose vs Steady-State Doses of Propranolol in Cirrhotic Malay Patients.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pharmacokinetics of propranolol (PRN) given orally were studied in twelve cirrhotic Malay patients [10 males, 2 females], aged 33-62 years [49.83±9.17], body weight 39-72 kg [58.0±8.46] and height 142-168 cm [158.8±7.89] following single 20 mg and steady-state 20 mg tds for 7 days dosing of PRN. Blood samples were withdrawn hourly up to 48 hours. PRN concentrations in the plasma were assayed by HPLC with oxprenolol as the internal standard. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analysed using a non-linear regression program MultiForte. Area under the curve (AUC) as performed using the linear trapezoidal rule. Student's t-test was used to test for statistical significance and AUC in Malay cirrhotic patients was found to be much bigger than that observed in Caucasians. Steady-state AUC was significantly increased following multiple dosing (961.31±7.47 vs 2954.19±1153.34 ng.hr/ml), however, the volume of distribution (V(d)) declined (543.89±292.91 vs 224.14±1003.12 L) significantly compared to that of a single dose. The apparent systemic clearance (CL) was significantly reduced at steady-state (436.04±209.4 vs 129.51±48.42 ml/min) in comparison to single dose therapy. The peak plasma concentration (Cp(max)) was greatly increased at steady-state (54.32±22.37 vs 136.10±38.63 ng/ml). Based on the AUC, PRN bioavailability was greater in cirrhotic Malay patients compared to Caucasians who took only 20 mg instead of 80 mg doses. The decline in drug clearance following steady-state was due to saturation of the metabolizing capacity of hepatic enzymes and a decreased portal blood flow. Reduced V(d) was believed to be caused by increased drug-receptor interactions and decreased tissue/protein binding of PRN in these patients.
Factors influencing scientific orientation of sugarcane farmers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Unless the farmer is predisposed to favourable values towards the change he is not in a position to use the information supplied to him for changing his behavior. In depends on so many inter-related factors, of which, information management is one of the vital factor influencing heavily the communication skill of the extension personnel. Sugarcane production plays a significant role in the Indian economy. It provides the raw material for sugar and industries producing alcohol, paper, chemicals and cattle feed. India is one of the largest producers of sugarcane in the world and one of the leading countries for the export of sugarcane. An ex post facto study was conducted in Bodla block of Kabirdham district of Chhattisgarh covering 314 villages and 111 selected sugarcane growers who were interviewed personally with the help structured interview schedule. It was found that majority (63.96%) of the respondents belonged to moderate scientific orientation category. It was also observed that only two variables had significant relationship with scientific orientation and the remaining twelve variables had non significant relationship with scientific orientation.
Noncommunicable Disease Emergencies During Arbaeenia Mass Gathering at Public Hospitals in Karbala, Najaf, and Babel Governorates, Iraq, 2014: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Arbaeenia is the largest religious mass gathering (MG) in Iraq where millions of people from Iraq and many other countries visit Karbala city, south Iraq. MGs are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality from different noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and asthma. There is a scarcity of publications that address MGs in Iraq.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the NCD emergencies in public hospitals in Karbala, Najaf, and Babel governorates in Iraq, during the Arbaeenia MG and assess predisposing factors for NCD emergencies.

METHODS

The study was conducted from November 27 to December 16, 2014. Data were collected in the pre-event and during MG event from 7 selected hospitals. The pre-event data were collected from emergency room (ER) registers and logbooks, and the data on the MG event were collected daily through direct interview with patients and treating physicians using a structured questionnaire.

RESULTS

In total, 4425 NCD emergencies were recorded. Of these, 80.13% (3546/4425) were collected during the MG event. The NCD emergencies attended at ER hospitals during MG were severe hypertension (HT), diabetes (hyperglycemia), ischemic heart disease (IHD), asthma, and pulmonary edema. The load of NCD emergencies and the daily average emergencies increased 4-fold and 2-fold during the MG event, respectively. Most of the NCD emergencies were treated at ER departments, and a few were hospitalized. Intense physical activities and poor adherence to diet and medication were risk factors for IHD, severe HT, and hyperglycemic diabetes emergencies. Exposure to noxious gases or fumes and recent respiratory infections were risk factors for asthma emergencies.

CONCLUSIONS

As the pilgrims approached Karbala city during the Arbaeenia MG, the hospitals on the roads leading to the city experienced an increased load of patients because of different NCD emergencies. Although hospitals should be equipped with the necessary supplies, health education for pilgrims is mandatory, particularly on the factors that can exacerbate their diseases.
Physical Activity and Sport as a Tool for Connection in a Prison Context: Ethnographic Evidence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article aims to analyse the social benefits of sports practice for prison inmates. With this objective, and thanks to the collaboration of practitioners and academics, a two-and-a-half-year ethnographic study was conducted in a Catalonian prison. The main findings show that through physical activity and sports it is possible to establish bonds, foster cohesion, break prejudices among inmates, and even promote solidarity with other groups. Thus, inmates consider physical activity and sports essential in a prison. However, data also reflect that sports practice can create a hostile environment. The conclusions emphasize the potential of physical activity and sports as a tool for resocialization among inmates, though it is crucial for these practices to have a pedagogical intent.
From Clicks to Cravings: Exploring the Role of Social Platforms in Food Product Promotion

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the significant impact of social media platforms on promoting food products within the Albanian market. In today's digital era, social media has transformed marketing strategies, offering food producers unparalleled opportunities for visibility, engagement, and influence. Through an extensive review of existing literature and case studies specific to Albania, this study investigates the various ways in which social platforms facilitate the promotion of food products in the Albanian context. It examines how brands leverage targeted marketing, user-generated content, influencer collaborations, and real-time feedback to reach and resonate with their Albanian audience. Additionally, the paper analyzes the challenges and opportunities presented by social media algorithms, ethical considerations, and shifting consumer preferences within the Albanian food industry. By understanding the dynamics of social media marketing within the Albanian market, businesses can develop tailored strategies to enhance brand awareness, foster consumer loyalty, and drive sales in this unique cultural and economic landscape. Received: 2 May 2024 / Accepted: 30 June 2024 / Published: 5 July 2024
Europe, east and west: exchanging ideas across frontiers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Moving from a command to a market economy in Central and Eastern Europe has had a profound effect on museum life. Shrinking resources and minimal notions of customer care are but two of the hurdles to be overcome. On the invitation of the Polish Ministry of Culture and the Arts, a British consultancy firm, Chadwick Jones Associates, organized a series of seminars in Poland for museums and galleries. It turned out to be a learning experience for both parties.
BRADSHAW BRIDGE, TASMANIA

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Bradshaw Bridge carries Tasmania's Lyell Highway over the newly created hydroelectric storage at Lake Burbury. The steep valley site allowed construction in the unflooded condition and suited superstructure erection by launching. A bridge of 324m overall length, with 7 spans and a central pier height of 48m, was built. Stability of the valley sides under lake drawdown was a major design consideration. This paper outlines the basis of design, the selection of materials, and the construction method of the Bradshaw Bridge. Key features described include: the tall, slender bridge piers; girder erection by launching; plate girder design; and slope stability works.
The Ongoing Evolution of US Retail: A Format Tug-of-War

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The past 15–20 years have seen substantial and visible changes in the way US retail business is conducted. Explanations about what is happening in the retail sector have been dominated by two powerful and not fully consistent narratives: a prediction that retail sales will migrate online and physical retail will be virtually extinguished, and a prediction that future shoppers will almost all be heading to giant physical stores like warehouse clubs and supercenters. Although online retail will surely continue to be a force shaping the sector going forward and may yet emerge as the dominant mode of commerce in the retail sector in the United States, its time for supremacy has not yet arrived. We discuss evidence indicating that the warehouse clubs/supercenter format has had a greater effect on the shape of retail over the past 15–20 years We begin with an overview of the retail sector as a whole, which over the long term has been shrinking as a share of total US economic activity and in terms of relative employment share. The retail sector has experienced stronger-than average productivity growth, but this has not been accompanied by commensurate wage growth. After discussing the important e-commerce and warehouse clubs/supercenters segments, we look more broadly at changes across the structure of the retail sector, including scale, concentration, dynamism, and degree of urbanization. Finally, we consider the likely future course of the retail sector.
Effective Classification of Synovial Sarcoma Cancer Using Structure Features and Support Vectors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this research work, we proposed a medical image analysis framework with two separate releases whether or not Synovial Sarcoma (SS) is the cell structure for cancer. Within this framework the histopathology images are decomposed into a third-level sub-band using a two-dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform. Subsequently, the structure features (SFs) such as Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Independent Components Analysis (ICA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were extracted from this sub-band image representation with the distribution of wavelet coefficients. These SFs are used as inputs of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Also, classification of PCA + SVM, ICA + SVM, and LDA + SVM with Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel the efficiency of the process is differentiated and compared with the best classification results. Furthermore, data collected on the internet from various histopathological centres via the Internet of Things (IoT) are stored and shared on blockchain technology across a wide range of image distribution across secure data IoT devices. Due to this, the minimum and maximum values of the kernel parameter are adjusted and updated periodically for the purpose of industrial application in device calibration. Consequently, these resolutions are presented with an excellent example of a technique for training and testing the cancer cell structure prognosis methods in spindle shaped cell (SSC) histopathological imaging databases. The performance characteristics of cross-validation are evaluated with the help of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, and significant differences in classification performance between the techniques are analyzed. The combination of LDA + SVM technique has been proven to be essential for intelligent SS cancer detection in the future, and it offers excellent classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity.
Pendidikan Karakter Sebagai Pilar Generasi Berintegritas dalam Kurikulum Nasional

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the midst of the development of information technology and globalization, character education is very important to form a young generation with integrity and noble character. This study aims to explore the role of character education in the national curriculum in Indonesia, as well as the challenges faced in its implementation. The method used is descriptive qualitative with literature study, collecting data from various related literature. The results of the study indicate that character education not only focuses on developing noble morals, but also functions as a pillar in creating a just and civilized society. Although there are supportive policies, challenges such as limited time, resources, and the phenomenon of 'disconnect' in the digital era are still obstacles. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate character education into all subjects and extracurricular activities, increase training for teachers, and collaboration between schools, families, and communities to create an environment that supports character formation. This study concludes that character education must be an integral part of a curriculum that is adaptive to changing times, with a relevant approach to teaching digital ethics and in-depth social skills.
Background matching ability and the maintenance of a colour polymorphism in the red devil cichlid

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The evolution and maintenance of colour polymorphisms remains a topic of considerable research interest. One key mechanism thought to contribute to the coexistence of different colour morphs is a bias in how conspicuous they are to visual predators. Although individuals of many species camouflage themselves against their background to avoid predation, differently coloured individuals within a species may vary in their capacity to do so. However, to date, very few studies have explicitly investigated the ability of different colour morphs to plastically adjust their colouration to match their background. The red devil ( Amphilophus labiatus ) is a Neotropical cichlid fish with a stable colour polymorphism, with the gold morph being genetically dominant and having a myriad of documented advantages over the dark morph. However, gold individuals are much rarer, which may be related to their heightened conspicuousness to would‐be predators. Here, we tested the ability of differently coloured individuals to phenotypically adjust the shade of their body colour and patterns to match their background. In particular, we filmed dark, gold and mottled (a transitioning phase from dark to gold) individuals under an identical set‐up on light vs. dark‐coloured substrates. We found that, in contrast to individuals of the dark morph, gold and mottled individuals were less capable of matching their body colouration to their background. As a result, gold individuals appeared to be more conspicuous. These results suggest that a difference in background matching ability could play an important role in the maintenance of colour polymorphisms.
ASSESSING TEACHER-LECTURER COMPETENCY IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, ARTS, AND MATHEMATICS (STEAM) IN KWAZULU-NATAL

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The convergence of technology and digital communications has revolutionized most businesses, including education and training facilities. Advances in technology has completely transformed the world of work. Being well-educated is no longer sufficient. What matters is the possession of critical essential talents, skill sets, and capabilities. South Africa is characterised by high inequality, poverty and high unemployment. Thus, provision of quality education is one of strategies that could be employed to address such developmental challenges. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess teacher-lecturer competency in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) in KwaZulu-Natal. This study was conducted in different parts of KwaZulu-Natal province with participants from various schools and institutions of higher learning. The study was commissioned due to skills deficit that is perpetrated by, amongst other things, the poorly functioning basic education system, inadequate infrastructure, shortage of STEAM teacher supply, and skills mismatch. The study employed an exploratory research design, and the survey was used as the research strategy. Among other findings, the study found that while a significant portion of educators expressed a commitment to promoting reflective and critical thinking among learners and students, inadequate STEAM equipment and infrastructure continued to be the primary challenge in implementing STEAM. Furthermore, the study found that there is a majority support for the STEAM centres which suggests a positive inclination towards their establishment, underlining the perceived value they could bring to the educational landscape for both teachers and students. This study recommends a targeted professional development programs for educators at primary and secondary schools. In addition, this study advocates for interdisciplinary collaboration among educators in primary and secondary schools which must be pioneered by the department of education. It was further recommended that knowledge exchange and knowledge transfer be facilitated, and specialized training in the development and use of technology, software, and other teaching materials for educators in primary and secondary schools be provided
Dualism, Science, and Statistics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The hypothetico-deductive method, as currently taught, confuses students and distorts their understanding of science. Part of the confusion arises because the dualistic approach of the hypothetico-deductive method conflicts with the inherent probabilism that underlies much of scientific methodology. I identify four weaknesses in the current approach to teaching students how researchers do science. First, most texts and many instructors tend to ignore the early, interesting, and often time-consuming stages of scientific methodology. Second, the hypothetico-deductive method uses counterintuitive logic to describe the relationship between hypotheses and predictions. Third, most null hypotheses are artificial constructs that tend to distance students from their initial biological questions. Finally, educators present an inconsistent message when they teach science as probabilistic and hypothesis testing as dualistic. I suggest a more holistic approach that identifies avoidable pitfalls and preserves the essential ingredients of the hypothetico-deductive method, while removing some of the arcane inaccuracies.