jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Plantation livelihoods in central Vietnam: Implications for household vulnerability and community resilience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Social vulnerability to disturbances is influenced by the economic and political context in which actors and institutions both enable and constrain household access to productive resources. These resources are crucial as a means for mitigating, coping, and responding to impacts of natural disturbances. The Vietnamese Government has formulated policies aimed at achieving dual objectives of socio-economic development and environmental protection through the expansion of plantation forests. Negative social impacts and worrying environmental trends have been noted by a number of scholars. However, few studies have examined these issues at the local level or analysed the interplay between plantation forest expansion, household vulnerability, and community resilience to climatic disturbances. The article documents the extent to which the introduction of acacia tree species has reinforced existing inequalities in landholding, which in turn increases household vulnerability to natural disturbances. This has resulted in the emergence of a social-ecological context characterized by decreasing resilience. The most vulnerable households are those of the landless and ethnic minorities, both of which depend on short-term insecure income from casual labour. A growing concentration of landholdings, coupled with a commune economy based on monoculture plantations, threatens resilience and potentially could constrain future government development interventions.
Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of the Chinese Healthy Eating Index

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) is a measuring instrument of diet quality in accordance with the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese (DGC)-2016. The objective of the study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the CHEI. Data from 12,473 adults from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)-2011, including 3-day–24-h dietary recalls were used in this study. The CHEI was assessed by four exemplary menus developed by the DGC-2016, the general linear models, the independent t-test and the Mann–Whitney U-test, the Spearman’s correlation analysis, the principal components analysis (PCA), the Cronbach’s coefficient, and the Pearson correlation with nutrient intakes. A higher CHEI score was linked with lower exposure to known risk factors of Chinese diets. The CHEI scored nearly perfect for exemplary menus for adult men (99.8), adult women (99.7), and the healthy elderly (99.1), but not for young children (91.2). The CHEI was able to distinguish the difference in diet quality between smokers and non-smokers (P < 0.0001), people with higher and lower education levels (P < 0.0001), and people living in urban and rural areas (P < 0.0001). Low correlations with energy intake for the CHEI total and component scores (|r| < 0.34, P < 0.01) supported the index assessed diet quality independently of diet quantity. The PCA indicated that underlying multiple dimensions compose the CHEI, and Cronbach’s coefficient α was 0.22. Components of dairy, fruits and cooking oils had the greatest impact on the total score. People with a higher CHEI score had not only a higher absolute intake of nutrients (P < 0.001), but also a more nutrient-dense diet (P < 0.001). Our findings support the validity and reliability of the CHEI when using the 3-day–24-h recalls.
Sex Differences in Jealousy: An Evolutionary Perspective on Online Infidelity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined whether sex differences in jealousy would generalize to online infidelity. Based on the evolutionary psychological explanation for sex differences in jealousy (ancestral men's challenge of paternal uncertainty vs. ancestral women's challenge of ensuring paternal investment), we expected that men and women would perceive online infidelity similarly to conventional infidelity. The experimental design was a 2 (Infidelity Context: online or conventional) × 2 (Participant Sex) × 2 (Infidelity Type: emotional vs. sexual) mixed factorial. Participants were 332 (132 male, 200 female) undergraduates who completed a questionnaire assessing their responses to potential infidelity. As predicted, online and conventional infidelity elicited the same sex difference in jealousy. Implications for social scientists who study online behavior are discussed.
The role of the past in late medieval hidalgo historical writing and memory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay is structured around two themes: the writing of history and memory. On the one hand, it analyses the use of the past in Lope García de Salazar's Libro de las buenas andanças e fortunas (1471–5). His approach to history is imbued with nostalgia for a legendary past, and more specifically for a political arrangement between the Lord of Biscay and the lesser nobility (hidalgos) which ensured respect for their privileges. This is set in contrast to a second group of material, legal documentation relating to the town of Escalante in Cantabria. Historically under seigniorial control, the inhabitants created a collective memory that framed a past prior to the fourteenth century which was free of lords and feudal obligations.
Track split smoothing for target tracking in clutter

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The proposed integrated track split (ITS) smoothing utilize smoothing data association algorithm for tracking a target. We implemented two independent ITS filters; forward running ITS (fITS) filter and backward running ITS (bITS) filter. The novelty of the proposed algorithm is that the backward multi-track component predictions are applied to each forward track component prediction to produce multiple information fusion component predictions based on the data association technique. The information fusion state predictions are applied to all available measurements received in current scan to smooth track state estimations and target existence probabilities. A new technique is developed which applies smoothing estimates to compute the fITS estimate in the current scan. This efficiently leads forward path track to track a target in heavy clutter. The algorithm is known as fixed-interval smoothing ITS (FIsITS). The numerical simulation verifies the false track discrimination (FTD) capability of the FIsITS.
Public education in neoliberal times: memory and desire

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article reflects on the desire to defend and claim public education amidst the educational policy effects of contemporary neoliberal politics. The defence of public education, from schools to higher education, undoubtedly provides a powerful counter-veiling weight to the neoliberal policy logic of education-as-individual-value-accrual. At a time of intense global policy reform centred on marketisation in education, the public education institutions of the post-war welfare state are often characterised as being lost, attacked, encroached upon and dismantled. In this paper, I contend it is important to avoid mobilising a memory of public educational pasts that do not account for their failings and inequalities. Turning to a historical engagement with the emergence of neoliberal politics, the paper explores how challenges and contestations surrounding 'the public' from multiple standpoints converged in the rise of neoliberalism. Recognition of these convergences and contestations, I suggest, assists to provide a more nuanced account of the relationship between neoliberal reform and the welfare state, and thus of the complex task of imagining, claiming and working towards a just and equitable public education.
New methods fot the study of grammatical variation and the Audible Corpus of Spoken Rural Spanish

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Audible Corpus of Spoken Rural Spanish (or COSER after its Spanish abbreviation) is a corpus of oral interviews which aims to study dialect grammar in the Iberian Peninsula. In this paper COSER characteristics and methodology are described and compared to atlases regards the research of dialect grammar. Thanks to COSER, a number of Spanish dialect syntax issues which were partially known or fully ignored have been researched, the geographical distribution of these features has been sometimes considerably broadened, and traditional explanations have been replaced by new ones based on a better knowledge of the data. Thus, the index of grammar phenomena deserving further research has been enlarged. In addition, grammar variation phenomena have showed new areal configurations in Spanish dialectology, and moreover, the study of dialect grammar has also revealed itself as an important source for a better understanding of many cross-linguistic principles.
Flexural properties and orthotropic swelling behavior of bagasse/thermoplastic composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The flexural properties of commercial bagasse-filled polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) composites were determined as a function of strain rate at room temperature. The applied strain rates were 1.5 ×10-4, 3.75×10-4, 7.5×10-4, and 1.5×10-3 s-1. The flexural modulus tended to increase linearly for the two types of composites with the logarithm of strain rate. The bending strength of polypropylene composite also behaved in a similar manner, but the polyethylene composite exhibited different behavior in which the MOR values of polyethylene composite didn’t alter appreciably as a function of strain rate. The flexural response of a polypropylene-based composite was found to exhibit higher dependency on strain rate than a polyethylene-based composite. Water absorption of both composites followed the kinetics of a Fickian diffusion process. Water absorption and dimensional instability of PE-based composites were lower than those of PP-based composites. The highest swelling took place in the thickness of the samples, followed by the width and length, respectively.
Leaftronics: Natural lignocellulose scaffolds for sustainable electronics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The global rise in electronic waste is alarming, driven by the persistent use of glass, epoxy, and plastic substrates owing to their cost, stability, flexibility, and transparency. This underscores the need for biodegradable alternatives with similar properties. This study shows that leaf-derived lignocellulose scaffolds can stabilize bio-sourced, solution-processed polymers by acting as natural sequestering media. Such reinforced films, even when based on gelatin ( T g ~ 60°C), can endure processes over 200°C. We demonstrate dip-coated ethyl cellulose films for commercially viable reflow soldered circuitry. The films offer high flexibility, more than 80% transparency, and surface roughness below 5.5 nm. Advanced OPDs and OECTs fabricated on these films perform comparably to those on glass and the low material cost and simple fabrication process yields a minimal carbon footprint of 1.6 kgCO 2 /m 2 . This work thus opens a vista of possibilities for biodegradable polymers heretofore considered unsuitable for making temperature-stable substrates for state-of-the-art electronics applications.
Hydrothermally Altered Basalt as a Source for Indium in Ore Deposits

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Indium is an element integral to various emerging technologies. Despite the demand for indium, little is known about its geochemical behavior in hydrothermal systems that generate economic deposits. The aim of this study is to estimate the efficiency with which indium can be removed from basalt during hydrothermal alteration in order to develop better exploration vectors. This can be accomplished by studying how indium partitions between an aqueous solution and the products of hydrothermal alteration. To evaluate the magnitude of this efficiency, two sets of experiments were performed. The first set used a low initial pH, indium+HCl-bearing aqueous solution, whereas the second used a higher initial pH, indium+sulfur-bearing seawater solution. The water/rock mass ratio ranged from 1-10. Experiments were performed at 500°C and 50 MPa for 2-8 weeks. Water/rock was found to have the greatest affect on the partition coefficient of indium between the altered basalt and the aqueous solution.
CIA-UNet: An Attention-Enhanced Multi-Scale U-Net for Single Tree Crown Segmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurate segmentation of single tree crowns enables precise measurement of tree height, DBH, and stock volume, facilitating effective assessment of forest growth and productivity. However, single tree crown segmentation currently faces several challenges, including insufficient segmentation accuracy, mis-segmentation and crown adhesion. To address these issues, this study conducts experiments using UAV data and proposes a model named CIA-UNet. In this model, the multiscale feature extraction capability of the InceptionV2 module is leveraged to compensate for U-Net’s limitation in capturing different scales of tree crowns and fine details using fixed convolutional kernels. The Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) is employed to increase the weight of key features, and mitigate false segmentation caused by feature confusion. Additionally, the Attention Gate module is utilized to improve the model’s sensitivity to foreground pixels, adjust the weighting of skip connection features and prevent segmentation errors due to semantic mismatches. The experimental results show that CIA-UNet achieves outstanding performance on TREE512 dataset, with overall accuracy (OA), mean precision (mPrecision), mean recall (mRecall) and mean intersection over union (mIoU) reaching 90.79%, 88.08%, 89.41% and 79.9% respectively. Compared with U-Net, these metrics have improved by 1.07%, 1.63%, 1.5%, and 2.41% respectively. Furthermore, CIA-UNet performs better than DeepLabV3+, PSPNet and FCN in accuracy evaluation indicators and visual segmentation results. The results demonstrate the efficacy of CIA-UNet model in enhancing the accuracy of tree crown segmentation and minimizing mis-segmentation, and provide experience for the study of single tree crown segmentation in the Millennium Forest of Xiongan New Area.
Metallic-nanowire–induced spontaneous scrolling of graphene nanostructures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Molecular-dynamics simulations have been performed to investigate metallic-nanowire (NW) induced spontaneous scrolling of single-layered graphene (SLG) nanostructures. This unique behavior is attributed to the van der Waals attraction between the SLG and NW and the π-π stacking effect between SLG layers. The scrolling velocity shows a nonlinear dependence on time. Such self-scrolling of SLG is hindered by the surface roughness and especially the oxygen concentration of NW. SLGs with arbitrary sizes and shapes can wrap onto NW to form various configurations. The proposed discoveries eventually provide a powerful way to fabricate nanoscale composite materials and devices and tune their properties.
Systematics of Thai Hirudinaria 15 Systematics of the freshwater leech genus Hirudinaria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In total, 435 specimens of the Southeast Asian freshwater leech species within the Hirudinidae family were collected from 17 locations of various types of aquatic habitats in northeastern Thailand. They were all morphologically placed within the genus Hirudinaria Whitman, 1886 and there were three distinct species: the common Hirudinaria manillensis, 78.2 % of all collected specimens and at all 17 locations, Hirudinaria javanica at 20.3 % of collected samples and from five locations and a rarer unidentified mor-phospecies (Hirudinaria sp.) with six samples from only two locations. The karyotypes of these three spe-cies were examined across their range in this study area for 38, 11 and 6 adult specimens of Hirudinaria manillensis, Hirudinaria javanica and Hirudinaria sp., respectively. This revealed different chromosome numbers among all three species, with Hirudinaria javanica having n = 13, 2n = 26, Hirudinaria manil-lensis lacked one small chromosome pair with n = 12, 2n = 24, and the unknown Hirudinaria sp. differed from any known Hirudinaria karyotypes in exhibiting a higher chromosome number (n = 14, 2n = 28) and a gradual change in size from large to small chromosomes. This suggests that the unknown Hiru-dinaria sp. is a new biological species. However, phylogenetic analysis based upon a 658 bp fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene placed this unknown morphospecies within the Hirudinaria
Rioters and Vigilantes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter presents an overview of the system of policing that existed in Baltimore during the early decades of the nineteenth century – before the city’s organization of a professional police force and the state’s introduction of a reformative penal system. It argues that Baltimore’s municipal government initially depended upon mobs of ordinary white men to police the city. Occasionally these men earned money for their policing, blurring the line between formal policing and vigilantism; occasionally these men ran amok, leading to riots. Whatever the case, by attempting to maintain order and combating crime, “good citizens” enacted their freedom in an otherwise unfree world. In early Baltimore, policing was above all a practice by which white men affirmed their political inclusion.
Breeding crops for tolerance to salinity, waterlogging and inundation.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

During the next century, global climate change is likely to cause substantial increases in the severity with which salinity, waterlogging and inundation affect crop production in many of the world's agricultural regions. In this chapter we address the effects of climate change on these three environmental stresses in terms of their threat to sustainable crop production. The effects of salinity, waterlogging and inundation on crop plants are examined, with a focus also directed towards the exacerbating effects of the complex interactions between these stresses. We identify key plant physiological traits as targets for breeding initiatives. Three possible approaches to the development of crops for saline, waterlogged and inundated soils are considered: (i) selection within crop species; (ii) the development of hybrids between adapted wild species and crop plants; and (iii) the domestication of halophytes. Finally, we detail some of the complex research, development and agricultural issues that need to be addressed by a broad research and development community in order to increase crop production during the foreseeable period of global climate change.
Objective metrics of patient activity: Use of wearable trackers and patient reported outcomes in predicting unexpected healthcare events in cancer patients undergoing highly emetogenic chemotherapy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

6519 Background: Functional status and predictors that identify those cancer patients at risk for unplanned hospitalization can have broad implications for the health care system and clinical trials. We evaluated the feasibility of monitoring physical activity (PA) using wearable activity trackers in cancer patients on highly emetogenic chemo as well as potential correlations between PA and unplanned healthcare events (UHE) and ECOG scores. Methods: This study was conducted as a multi-institutional single arm observational clinical trial of 65 patients with solid tumors undergoing highly emetogenic chemo based on Hesketh classification. We measured PA by analyzing daytime hourly metabolic equivalents (1 MET = resting metabolic rate) from 10 AM - 7 PM over 60 days via Microsoft band 2. Patient reported outcome data was collected using smartphone apps. UHE were collected by review of medical records over the 60 days of band wear plus 90 days of clinical follow up. Results: Data was successfully captured from 41 of the 65 activity trackers. Patients were compliant with wearing the activity trackers for > 7 of 9 total hrs on 67.7% of study days. Only 9 out of 41 patients exhibited > 60 hours of non-sedentary activity, defined as > 1.5 METs, over the 60-day band wear period. Mean step counts/day were similar between higher and lower PA groups at 2564 steps/d and 2261 steps/d respectively. 9 patients with > 60 hrs of 1.5 METs had significantly fewer UHE compared to the 32 patients with < 60 hrs of 1.5 METs (p = 0.02). The physician reported ECOG scores had no correlation with PA or UHE. Conclusions: In solid tumor patients undergoing highly emetogenic chemo regimens, activity trackers are feasible and identify those patients with a profile of lower activity that predicts UHE. Incorporation of activity trackers has the potential to identify patients who are at need for interventions to prevent hospitalization and may also predict the subset of patients enrolled in clinical trials who are more likely to record serious adverse events.
Adaptive Correction for Sensor Deviation Data of Monitoring

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT), sensors play an indispensable role in the field of monitoring. In monitoring, the data collected by sensors as a part of the monitoring and control systems, and the data quality directly impacts the accuracy of the analysis. However, some factors such as environmental changes, node failures and structure damage can result in sensor abnormalities like frequent topology changes, communication failures, which greatly reduces sensor data reliability. To overcome this challenge, we propose to utilize the mathematical models to adaptively correct the deviated sensors data. Firstly, an initial evaluation of abnormal sensor is made based on the changing trends. Then, mathematical models are formulated for each sensor based on the monitoring data, and these models are employed to rectify the deviations in the monitoring data. Moreover, the corrected data is validated based on the observed trends. Experiments are executed based on sensors data collected from a real application scenario. The results confirm that the proposed correction method can significantly correct the sensors deviation data of monitoring.
NOTE FOR EDITOR: Web Based E-Learning Program  Dictation And Its Impact On Academic Progress  Of The Third Grade Students Of Primary School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to study the effect of web based E-learning program instruction on academic progress of third grade students of primary school in dictation .This study is performed in the form of quasi-experiment. Statistical society included 62 third grade girl students of Mahdavi elementary school of region one in Tehran city education. Sampling in this study is done using random sampling method. Samples divided to two equal control and experimental groups. The experimental group was instructed dictation in three months using web based e-Learning program designed by the researcher and approved by the 16 relevant specialists in the ministry of education and universities. Control group was instructed using Traditional classroom method. Analysis of obtained data using average and statistical independent t test of group results showed that there is a significant relationship between the use of e-learning program of dictation and academic progress of third grade students of primary school in dictation and its related elements including visual, auditory, movement skills. Similarly, there is a significant difference between academic progress of students who learned dictation using web based program and students who learned dictation using traditional method. In addition, there are significant differences between prerequisite capabilities in dictation including visual, auditory and movement skills in the experimental and control group post test. According to score differences in post test there are significant differences between experimental and control group dictation.