jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Shame Not the Same for Different Styles of Blame: Shame as a Mediating Variable for Severity of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Trauma Symptoms in Three Attribution of Blame Groups

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the role of internalized shame in mediating the relationship between severity of childhood sexual abuse and adult symptoms in three groups based on attribution of blame. The random community sample of 318 female survivors completed the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 (Briere, 1996), Internalized Shame Scale (Cook, 2001), questions about frequency of abuse, duration, and specific characteristics (no physical contact to vaginal/anal intercourse with force) and the degree to which they blamed self, fate, or perpetrator. It was hypothesized that severity (measured by abuse characteristics, frequency, and duration) would predict symptoms (measured by subscales of dissociation, anxiety, sexual problems, depression, and sleep disturbance from TSC-40) and that Internalized shame would be a potential mediator in all three groups (blame self, blame fate, or blame perpetrator). Multiple group analysis in Structural Equation Modeling showed that severity and shame were related for all groups and that the relationship was strongest when survivors blamed themselves and weakest when they blamed perpetrators. Shame was a significant predictor of symptoms for all three groups with no significant differences between groups. Severity was a significant predictor of symptoms for the blame self and blame fate groups but not for the blame perpetrator group, with symptoms being the strongest in the blame self-group. Sobel tests showed that shame was a significant mediator for all three groups. Given these findings, therapists treating adult survivors who blame fate or the perpetrator for the abuse should consider addressing the underlying shame. When treating adult survivors that blame themselves, therapists should consider addressing this attribution of blame and its meaning in addition to focusing on shame.
Study on the genetic diversity of seven goat breeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gene frequency, gene heterozygosity, polymorphism information contents, number of effective alleles and genetic distance were studied in Shannan white goat, Shanbei white cashmere goat, Guanzhong dairy goat, Xinong Sanen goat, Taihang goat, Huanghuai goat and Funiu white goat using six microsatellite markers (BM203, BMS1004, BMS1724, BM6526, BMS2508 and OarAE101). The clustering dendrogram was obtained based on Nei genetic distances. The results indicated that there were high genetic polymorphisms at six microsatellite markers in seven goat breeds. The genetic variability of Shanbei white cashmere goat is the highest, and Guanzhong dairy goat is the lowest in seven goat breeds. By the results of UPGMA tree, Huanghuai goat and Funiu white goat were grouped at first, then Shannan white goat, Taihang goat, Shanbei white cashmere goat joined them respectively, Finally, Guanzhong dairy goat and Xinong Sanen goat clusted with all above.
Influence of Child Temperament on Teacher-child Relationship: Moderating Effect of Teacher Class Management Efficacy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A total of 114 preschool teachers and 456 children participated in the current study. The questionnaire method was used to explore the impact of teacher class management efficacy and child temperament on teacher-child relationship. The results showed that teacher class management efficacy significant positively predicted teacher-child closeness. Child temperament significantly predicted teacher-child relationship. Child effort control had a significant positive predictive effect on teacher-child closeness, and had a significant negative predictive effect on teacher-child conflict, and child negative affectivity had a significant positive predictive effect on teacher-child conflict. Teacher class management efficacy played a moderating role between child temperament and teacher-child closeness. Class management efficacy can compensate for the negative impact of child negative affectivity on teacher-child closeness, and strengthen the positive impact of child effortful control on teacher-child closeness.
Hunger Reduction in China: An Analysis of Contextual Factors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent times, China has significantly reduced hunger in its populace. The main objective of this paper was to analyze some of the contextual socioeconomic factors contributing to the reduction of hunger in China, using Qualitative Interpretative Meta‐Synthesis ( QIMS ). The results revealed that China has followed a broad‐based and multispectral approach to reduce hunger. Factors, such as poverty alleviation; social safety nets for disadvantaged villagers; agricultural development and land reforms; regional development and equity in development activities; infrastructural development; and political‐economic reform and sustainable growth were influential in reducing hunger in China. Poverty is attributed as one of the principal contributors and is interlinked with many other dimensions. The findings of this paper are a useful guide to the Chinese government, policy‐makers, international organizations, and development practitioners.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Verotoxin Producing E. coli from Diarrhoeic Goats of Jabalpur Region

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Background: Verotoxin producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) such as O26, O103, O111, O145 and O157: H 7 are an important human zoonotic pathogen. Small ruminants such as goats are important reservoir of VTEC. The detection of VTEC and virulence genes in goats has not been studied in the Jabalpur region of Madhya Pradesh. The present study was carried out to determine the occurrence of verotoxin producing E. coli in goats in and around Jabalpur. Methods: During the study period (July 2019 to February 2020), a total of 50 rectal swabs were collected from diarrhoeic goats. All the samples were processed for bacteriological isolation, molecular confirmation of E. coli and presence of the VT1 gene in E. coli. Result: On cultural isolation, E. coli isolates were found in 52.00 per cent (26/50) samples. Out of them, 21 isolates confirmed as E. coli by PCR. Detection of verotoxin producing E. coli (VTEC) by slide agglutination test showed 20.00 per cent (10/50) verotoxin producing E. coli serogroups including O26, O103, O111, O145 and O157. A total of 10 VTEC isolates were subjected to molecular analysis, Polymerase chain reaction determined VT1 gene in 10.00 per cent of goats positive for verotoxin producing E. coli indicating the goats as a potential source for direct transmission of VTEC to humans.
Classical Credibility

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Actuaries must pass exams, but more than that: they must put knowledge into practice. This coherent book supports the Society of Actuaries' short-term actuarial mathematics syllabus while emphasizing the concepts and practical application of nonlife actuarial models. A class-tested textbook for undergraduate courses in actuarial science, it is also ideal for those approaching their professional exams. Key topics covered include loss modelling, risk and ruin theory, credibility theory and applications, and empirical implementation of loss models. Revised and updated to reflect curriculum changes, this second edition includes two brand new chapters on loss reserving and ratemaking. R replaces Excel as the computation tool used throughout – the featured R code is available on the book's webpage, as are lecture slides. Numerous examples and exercises are provided, with many questions adapted from past Society of Actuaries exams.
SH0924060.10FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography-based retinochoroidal cystine crystal score: a window into infantile nephropathic cystinosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Précis Cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disease leading to an accumulation of cystine crystals in several organs. We aim to comprehensively describe chorioretinal cystine crystals via spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and elaborate a new biomarker for systemic disease control. Background/aims Cystinosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease leading to an accumulation of cystine crystals in several organs. This study aims to describe the deposition of retinochoroidal crystals in infantile nephropathic cystinosis and to elucidate their potential value as an objective biomarker for systemic disease control. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out by the University Eye Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian University (Munich, Germany) in collaboration with the German Cystinosis Study Group. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed, along with posterior segment SD-OCT (Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). Retinochoroidal crystals were graded by employing a novel semiquantitative grading system—the retinochoroidal cystine crystal score (RCCCS). To quantify quality of vision, patients completed a specific questionnaire. A total of 85 eyes of 43 patients with cystinosis were included (mean age 22.3±8.8 years, range 6–39; male:female ratio=23:20). Results Cystine crystals were detectable in all neuroretinal layers and the choroid, most frequently in the choriocapillaris. The RCCCS was negatively correlated with cysteamine intake (r=0.533, p=0.001) and positively with cystatin C, a stable parameter of renal function (r=0.496, p=0.016). Moreover, the value of the RCCCS affected subjective quality of vision. Genetic analysis indicated pronounced crystal deposition in patients with heterozygous mutations containing the 57-kb-deletion allele of the CTNS gene. Conclusion Ocular cystinosis leads to retinochoroidal crystal accumulation in every stage of the disease. Crystal deposition may be markedly influenced by oral cysteamine therapy. Therefore, the presented SD-OCT based grading system might serve as an objective biomarker for systemic disease control.
Vertical Position-Based Resistance of Teak Wood (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) Against Wood-Decay Fungi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the humid tropics of Indonesia, the durability of traditional wooden structures is challenged by pervasive fungal decay.This study investigated the decay resistance of teak wood (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) as influenced by the stem's vertical position against various wood-decay fungi.Employing a completely randomized factorial design, the research delineated two primary factors: vertical position within the log (bottom, middle, top) and fungal species (control, Schizophyllum commune, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Dacryopinax spathularia).These fungi were selected due to their dual significance as both decomposers and potential threats to wood-based materials.A total of 12 treatment combinations were tested, with each replicated thrice, culminating in 36 experimental wood samples.Results indicated a significant effect of both the log's vertical position and the species of fungus on teak wood weight reduction.A gradation in weight loss was observed vertically along the log, with the least at the bottom (1.84%), increasing at the middle (3%), and peaking at the top (5.38%).Among the fungi, the control exhibited negligible weight loss (0.07%), with D. spathularia (3.56%), P. sanguineus (4.99%), and S. commune (5.04%) contributing to progressive increments in decay.The interaction between the bottom log position and S. commune resulted in the most pronounced weight reduction (7.53%), while the top log position without fungal exposure exhibited the slightest change (0.02%).According to the Indonesian National Standard for wood resistance to rot fungi, teak wood demonstrated a resistance class II against D. spathularia and P. sanguineus, and a lower class III against S. commune.It is recommended that for construction purposes, teak sourced from lower stem positions should be prioritized and maintained under dry conditions with moisture content below the fiber saturation point to mitigate fungal degradation and extend the material's longevity.
Quantitative analysis of lactic acid oligomers from dimer to 15mer in poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) polymers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) polymer is widely used in biomedical applications. To control the degradation of PDLLA, as well as to ensure effective quality control of the polymer raw material, it is essential to have analytical methods capable of analyzing the PDLLA oligomer species content quantitatively. In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based analytical methods were developed to quantitate oligomer species from dimer to 15mer (total of 14 analytes) in the PDLLA polymer resin. Negative electrospray ionization was employed as the LC-MS interface. For the lactic acid dimer and trimer analysis, a SIELC Primesep SB column was used for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) was used as the acquisition mode. For other lactic acid oligomer (4mer to 15mer) analysis, a Phenomenex Synergi™ 4 µm Polar-RP column was used, and selected ion monitoring (SIM) was used as the acquisition mode. Both columns demonstrated good tolerability for samples with high polymer content which is critical for method development. Analytical parameters such as calibration, correlation, accuracy, and precision were evaluated. Quadratic functions best described the correlation between response and concentration for each oligomer analyte. Excellent accuracy and precision were demonstrated with both methods. The methods developed in this study can be used to evaluate the impact of manufacturing process on polymers and can also be a good reference for oligomer analysis method development of similar polymers.
Emotional Intelligence can Make a Difference in Students from Communication under the Competency-Based Education Model

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of the current study is to compare the levels of emotional intelligence (EI) in a group of university students from communication, according with the expected competence achievement. Participants were 313 university students (M = 20.20 years old, SD = 2.41; 61% women) enrolled in the School of Communication at a private university in Lima (Peru) which uses the Competency Based Education Model. The EI was measured with the Wong-Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS). There were found gender differences in EI, and thus comparative analyses were done separately by gender. Among men, there were no differences between groups in EI (lower level vs. higher level). By contrast, women from the lower level scored higher than women from the higher-level group in: others' emotional appraisal, use of emotion, and EI total score. We suggested to incorporate the EI competence within the UPC educational model.
VAPOR: Legged Robot Navigation in Outdoor Vegetation Using Offline Reinforcement Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present VAPOR, a novel method for autonomous legged robot navigation in unstructured, densely vegetated outdoor environments using offline Reinforcement Learning (RL). Our method trains a novel RL policy using an actor-critic network and arbitrary data collected in real outdoor vegetation. Our policy uses height and intensity-based cost maps derived from 3D LiDAR point clouds, a goal cost map, and processed proprioception data as state inputs, and learns the physical and geometric properties of the surrounding obstacles such as height, density, and solidity/stiffness. The fully-trained policy's critic network is then used to evaluate the quality of dynamically feasible velocities generated from a novel context-aware planner. Our planner adapts the robot's velocity space based on the presence of entrapment inducing vegetation, and narrow passages in dense environments. We demonstrate our method's capabilities on a Spot robot in complex real-world outdoor scenes, including dense vegetation. We observe that VAPOR's actions improve success rates by up to 40%, decrease the average current consumption by up to 2.9%, and decrease the normalized trajectory length by up to 11.2% compared to existing end-to-end offline RL and other outdoor navigation methods.
The pleiotropic effects of a tolC mutation in Vibrio furnissii

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The ability of bacteria to successfully adapt to changing environments allows for increased resistance to antibiotics, an increasing problem in drug development. Efflux via the cellular membrane is one of the major and most significant mechanisms bacteria employ for defense against antimicrobials. The outer membrane protein, TolC, is a nonspecific channel with broad substrate specificity and is a fundamental constituent of a number of multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux systems. TolC, which interacts with membrane bound antiporters to export various substrates, including antimicrobials, has been a focus for antibiotic development. The capacity to expel a wide range of compounds such as toxins, bile, dyes and detergents, further establishes the significance of these systems in aiding bacterial survival. Continued investigation and discovery of compounds secreted via TolC is required to fully understand the role of efflux systems. \n \nIn addition to exporting compounds out of cells, TolC has been researched in connection with a number of metabolic processes including virulence, motility and quorum sensing. This work contributes to knowledge of interactions between these pathways by analysing phenotypic changes and alterations in gene expression in the tolC- mutant within Vibrio furnissii. Vibrio species are strongly associated with a number of reported phenotypic changes induced by mutations in tolC, particularly virulence and quorum sensing; the emerging pathogen V. furnissii is therefore a model organism for this study. Notably, this bacterium has become significant within the bio-fuel industry due to reports that it is able to synthesise large quantities of hydrocarbons. The potential for bacteria to produce hydrocarbons and fatty acids suitable for use in bio-fuels has considerable industrial applications. This work establishes the quantities of hydrocarbons and lipids present in V. furnissii and examines the role of TolC in the secretion of these compounds. \n \nResistance nodulation division efflux pumps are a class of MDR systems that have been identified as targets for antimicrobial drug development. Understanding the consequence of disrupting the integral outer membrane component TolC, is therefore of significant interest. This work examines the connection between pathways disrupted within tolC- mutants, showing that quorum sensing gene regulation is altered within the mutant and subsequently, expression of the virulence factor AphB is increased. Reduced motility is also observed in the tolC- mutant, a phenotype that appears to result from disruption of the membrane and mis-assembled flagella. Investigation into cellular stress, recently reported to occur within tolC- mutants, was performed by comparing the capability of wild type and mutant cells to metabolise selenite, and cope with the subsequent increase in superoxides generated. Results show that tolC- mutants employ mechanisms which cope with the inevitable intracellular build up of substrates, particularly those that may be toxic to the cell.
Optimum Separation and Compound Class Separation of the Metabolites of Benzo[a]pyrene-DNA Adducts with Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Mobile phases were optimized for the reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation of a complex mixtures of fourteen metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The metabolites constituted groups of isomers that were difficult to separate. The groups of isomers were tetrols, dihydrodiols, diones, and monohydroxyl-benzo[a]pyrenes. The window diagram optimization approach was used to initially optimize the binary mobile phases. Based on the data obtained from the optimum binary mobile phases, a solubility parameter optimization method was employed to obtain an optimum ternary mobile phase. Both the binary and ternary mobile phases were very effective in separating the metabolites. However, complete baseline resolution of the complex mixture of the metabolites was not achieved under the conditions investigated. Nevertheless, it was possible to obtain a separation of all fourteen of the metabolites with some overlap of the chromatographic bands. Also, compound class separation was obtained with the classes separating in the order of tetrols, diones, dihydrodiols, and monohydroxyl-benzo[a]pyrenes.