jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sustainable district optimization with coupled power and district heating networks

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In a framework where the integration of renewable energy sources has a crucial role for addressing global energy challenges, optimal operations of the heating must be correctly addressed. This paper addresses the optimization of integrated electric and thermal networks in the context of smart grids with District Heating Networks (DHNs). It presents an Energy Management System (EMS) for efficient management, considering thermal models for buildings. Through a real case study at the Savona Campus, encompassing a smart polygeneration microgrid and DHN, the proposed model ensures temperature regulation while minimizing costs. Results demonstrate precise temperature control, particularly in highly responsive buildings like the Savona Campus.
Co-Inhibition of Androgen Receptor and PARP as a Novel Treatment Paradigm in Prostate Cancer—Where Are We Now?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Metastatic prostate cancer remains lethal with a 5-year survival rate of about 30%, indicating the need for better treatment options. Novel antiandrogens (NAA)—enzalutamide and abiraterone—have been the mainstay of treatment for advanced disease since 2011. In patients who progress on the first NAA, responses to the second NAA are infrequent (25–30%) and short-lasting (median PFS ~3 months). With the growing adoption of NAA therapy in pre-metastatic castration-resistant settings, finding better treatment options for first-line mCRPC has become an urgent clinical need. The regulatory approval of two PARP inhibitors in 2020—rucaparib and olaparib—has provided the first targeted therapy option for patients harboring defects in selected DNA damage response and repair (DDR) pathway genes. However, a growing body of preclinical and clinical data shows that co-inhibition of AR and PARP induces synthetic lethality and could be a promising therapy for patients without any DDR alterations. In this review article, we will investigate the limitations of NAA monotherapy, the mechanistic rationale for synthetic lethality induced by co-inhibition of AR and PARP, the clinical data that have led to the global development of a number of these AR and PARP combination therapies, and how this may impact patient care in the next 2–10 years.
Epigenetic Asymmetry as an Ecological Indicator in Muskrats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fluctuating asymmetry in numbers of nerve foramina in the skull was studied in nine Finnish populations of the muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus (n = 555). A high negative correlation (r =−0.94) was found between the population means of asymmetry and suitability of habitat as reflected in growth indices (carcass weight/age) of the animals. This relationship is weaker among individuals within populations. The results support the idea of stress-induced interference in the synchronization of normal ontogeny of bilaterally symmetric structures during embryonic or suckling stages, although this still needs to be confirmed experimentally. Genetic differences among populations seem improbable as an explanation of fluctuating asymmetry.
STUDIES WITH HAEMOPHILUS PERTUSSIS

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Until recently little has been known concerning the immunochemistry of the causative organism of whooping cough. Haemophilus pertussis as isolated from patients with the disease in active form is an organism of unique characteristics. It is biochemically inert in standard fermentation reactions; its growth requirements are exacting; it tends to undergo dissociation into three different variant forms which cannot be distinguished morphologically. However, the variants have far less rigid growth requirements and grow readily on simple mediums. Immunologically the organism is of a single type. On the basis of the serologic reactivities of the variant forms, H. pertussis has been classified into four "phases" by Leslie and Gardner.1This classification was confirmed by Flosdorf, Dozois and Kimball.2Phase I represents the virulent form as freshly isolated from patients with active whooping cough. Its requirements of growth are met by the medium of Bordet and Gengou. No liquid medium
Optimization of Klystron Designs Using Deterministic Sampling Methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A method is presented for optimizing the design of klystron circuits. This automates the selection of cavity positions, resonant frequencies, quality factors, R/Q and other circuit parameters to maximize the efficiency with required gain. The method is based on deterministic sampling methods. In this paper, we describe the procedure and give several examples for both narrow-band and wideband klystrons, using the klystron codes AJDISK and TESLA.
Uncovering the Uncovered

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As self-professed defenders of the Catholic faith, devotion to the tenets of the Counter-Reformation, and notorious home of the Spanish Inquisition, scholars have assumed that nudes, or works of art otherwise potentially deemed 'lascivious', had a very restricted audience in early modern Spain. However, these ideas about the Spanish context are outdated and lack the appropriate nuance to address the complexities of taste, display, and audience of art in Spain. In this chapter, I interrogate these notions with regard to the display and viewership of nude sculptures in early modern Spain and, specifically, their consumption by women. The sculptures were not tucked away out of view but were, instead, in higher-traffic areas of the house and in the semi-public areas of gardens, despite warnings written by contemporary writers about their potential danger.
Beliren Yetişkinlikte Algılanan Yaşam Becerileri, Öz Düzenleme, Duygu Düzenleme, Helikopter Ana-babalık ve Özerklik Destekleyici Davranışlar

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Yaşam becerileri, beliren yetişkinlerin gelişimini çeşitli duygusal ve sosyal boyutlarda etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, öz düzenleme, duygu düzenleme, özerkliği destekleyici davranış ve helikopter ana-babalığın, beliren yetişkinlerin algılanan yaşam becerileri düzeyi üzerindeki rolünü incelemektir. Bu amaçla, Türkiye&#039;nin merkezindeki bir üniversiteden yaşları 18-27 arasında değişen (M = 21.3, SD = 1.92) 451 beliren yetişkin (%21.7 erkek ve %78.3 kadın) bu çalışmaya katılmıştır. Yapılan aşamalı regresyon analizi, algılanan yaşam becerilerinin öz düzenleme (β =.45, t = 10.872, p = .000) ve özerkliği destekleyici davranışlar (β = .14, t = 3.43, p = .001) tarafından yordandığını ortaya koymuştur. Sonuçlar yaşam becerileri ve ilgili değişkenler ışığında sunulmakta ve tartışılmaktadır.
[A comparative study of temperament and maternal rearing pattern in preschoolers with congenital heart disease and preschoolers generally].

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purposes of this study were: (1) to understand the differences in temperamental characteristics between preschoolers with congenital heart disease (CHD) and preschoolers generally, and (2) to discuss the relationship between characteristics of children temperament and maternal rearing patterns. The research subjects based on convenience sampling were 61 preschoolers with CHD and 76 non-CHD preschoolers. The "children temperament questionnaire" and "maternal rearing pattern rating scale" were posed to the mothers of the subjects and were filled in by them. The results showed that mothers of children with mild heart symptoms tended to adopt more protective rearing patterns than mothers of non-CHD children. Children in the group "whole heart function without symptoms" scored higher points for activity than children in the non-CHD group. Preschoolers with mild heart symptoms had greater intensity of reaction and persistence than non-CHD preschoolers, but statistically, there were no significant differences in other temperament characteristics between preschoolers with and without CHD. These results could serve as reference for nursing care of children with CHD and maternal rearing practice.
Tobacco Breeding Work in Maryland

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Tobacco Breeding Work in Maryland Get access H. J. Patterson H. J. Patterson College Park, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume os-7, Issue 1, January 1912, Pages 152–155, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/os-7.1.152 Published: 01 January 1912
The Validity of the Tenth‐Power Law of the Magnetic Crystal Energy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A general derivation of the M 10 ‐law for the anisotropy constant K 1 of cubic ferro‐ and ferrimagnets is presented in the frame of spin wave theory. No assumptions on the degree of localization of the magnetic electrons are needed. The M 10 ‐law is valid if the vacuum state of magnons is temperature independent. The anomalous temperature dependence of K 1 in the case of nickel is explained by the hypothesis of indirect anisotropic exchange.
Defining the Pedestrian Catchment Area of A Subway Station Based on the Structural Change of A Modal Choice Model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to set the scope of a railway station sphere according to structural changes in probability models using subways. This study conducted a survey targeting residents near Gongdeok Station wherein various housing types exist and people commute by subway including Gongdeok Station and the neighboring stations by accessing them on foot or by their own cars. It analyzed the influence factors to select means of transportation through the Binary Logit Model based on the data. It also arranged the analysis by using a different method from the standards which measure the distance from human settlements to subway stations based on the model. The scope of a subway station sphere was analyzed by using the Network distance form human settlements to the subway entrance, the air distance from human settlements to the central point of a subway station, and the air distance from human settlements to the subway entrance. These results will be helpful for comparing the scope of a railway station sphere according to the standards and differences in methods and can be utilized as important reference data even in development of the railway station sphere based on pedestrians.
Chlamydia Protease-like Activity Factor (CPAF): Characterization of Proteolysis Activity in Vitro and Development of a Nanomolar Affinity CPAF Zymogen-Derived Inhibitor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

During infection of epithelial cells, the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis secretes the serine protease Chlamydia protease-like activity factor (CPAF) into the host cytosol to regulate a range of host cellular processes through targeted proteolysis. Here we report the development of an in vitro assay for the enzyme and the discovery of a cell-permeable CPAF zymogen-based peptide inhibitor with nanomolar inhibitory affinity. Treating C. trachomatis-infected HeLa cells with this inhibitor prevented CPAF cleavage of the intermediate filament vimentin and led to the loss of vimentin cage surrounding the intracellular vacuole. Because Chlamydia is a genetically intractable organism, this inhibitor may serve as a tool for understanding the role of CPAF in pathogenesis.
Investigation of electrical ageing effects on the structural and electrical properties of polystyrene by charging and discharging current method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study focuses on isothermal charging and discharging currents in polystyrene (PS). It is a well known fact that the discharging current is almost the mirror symmetry of the charging current at low electric fields. However, the experimental results presented and discussed in this study have revealed the possibility of an abnormal discharging current (ADC) flowing in the same direction as the charging current. Furthermore, electrical measurements implied that the electrical ageing of PS resulted in a significant increase in the charging current, even for extended ageing periods. Moreover, the intensity and duration of the reverse discharging current have evolved with electrical ageing. This characteristic can be attributed to the presence of ionic impurities both trapped at the polymer surface and in the bulk structure. To highlight the structural changes induced by electrical ageing, detailed structural analyses were conducted using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis.
Methods and bioinformatic tools to study polymorphic inversions in complex diseases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Las inversiones cromosómicas son variantes estructurales donde un segmento de ADN cambia su orientación. Las inversiones cromosómicas reducen la recombinación homóloga y producen diferentes haplotipos en los cromosomas estándar e invertidos. Como resultado, influyen en la adaptación y la selección y desempeñan un papel en la susceptibilidad a las enfermedades humanas. Las inversiones se pueden estudiar con métodos experimentales y bioinformáticos. Los datos de SNP array se pueden usar para determinar genotipos de inversión mediante el uso de diferencias de haplotipos entre cromosomas invertidos y estándares. Sin embargo, estos métodos no están optimizados para grandes cohortes (con miles de individuos, como dbGaP o UK Biobank). Además, los métodos actuales solo pueden genotipar las inversiones con dos haplotipos y la clasificación es difícil de armonizar entre cohortes. Finalmente, se conoce que las inversiones cromosómicas afectan la expresión génica y la metilación del ADN. Sin embargo, no existen métodos precisos para evaluar globalmente el efecto de las inversiones en la expresión génica local o la metilación del ADN. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es desarrollar nuevos métodos robustos y escalables así como herramientas bionformáticas para estudiar los efectos fenotípicos y funcionales de las inversiones cromosómicas, superando las limitaciones existentes. Con este fin, he desarrollado un nuevo método para genotipar las inversiones cromosómicas que se puede usar en grandes cohortes, con inversiones con múltiples haplotipos y que utiliza haplotipos de referencia que permite el análisis conjunto de múltiples cohortes. En segundo lugar, he implementado un método multivariante basado en el análisis de la redundancia para estudiar los efectos de las inversiones cromosómicas en la metilación del ADN y la expresión génica locales. A continuación, he aplicado ambos métodos para estudiar el papel de las inversiones cromosómicas en dos grupos de enfermedades complejas: trastornos del neurodesarrollo y cáncer. Finalmente, he desarrollado un nuevo método para estudiar cómo las inversiones cromosómicas afectan los patrones de recombinación. Este método es aplicable a cualquier región genómica que contenga subpoblaciones con diferentes patrones de recombinación, lo que permite asociar estas subpoblaciones a rasgos fenotípicos.
Inflorescence blast and flower bud abnormalities of Spiraea × vanhouttei and their causes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In ornamental gardening, Spiraea × vanhouttei is a frequently planted spirea species in the Czech Republic. In 2003, there arose a suspicion of possible occurrence of fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora on spirea shrubs in Prague and its environs. This suspicion was disproved for a certainty. The absence of the fire blight pathogen in symptomatic spirea plants stimulates a further effort to tackle the problem of a cause of conspicuous fire blight-like symptoms or inflorescence blast occurring on some spirea shrubs. The subject of this paper is: (i) to describe symptoms, incidence and severity of inflorescence blast, bud and flower abnormalities occurring in Spiraea × vanhouttei shrubs; (ii) to find out differences in the occurrence of blasted inflorescences between Spiraea species and cultivars with the intention of verifying the hypothesis that the blast inflorescence and sterility of some spirea species are associated with hybrid species. Symptoms of inflorescence blast are every growing season. No seed is produced by blasted inflorescences. Besides inflorescence blast, aborted floral buds appeared sporadically on a small scale. Spirea species were split into four categories according to the incidence of blasted inflorescences. Out of 52 species evaluated, 10% showed no or scarce incidence, 52% medium incidence, 27% high incidence and 11% very high incidence. The scarce incidence of blasted inflorescences was connected with the high seed production. And vice versa, very high incidence of blighted inflorescences was closely connected with no or low seed production or with high incidence of sterility. Fifteen out of the evaluated spirea species are the result of hybridization. These hybrids occur in each of the four categories of spirea species distinguished by the incidence of blasted inflorescence. However, it is remarkable that the highest incidence of hybrid spireas occurs in the category with the highest incidence of blasted inflorescence (83.33%). In the remaining three categories of spirea species, the proportion of hybrids ranged from 18 to 21%. It might indicate some connection of spirea hybrids with sterility.
The Diagnostic Value of the Respiratory Rate in Febrile Children Younger Than 2 Years

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We thank Dr Lopes for his careful review of our study.1 As he surmised, in Table 3 of our article,1 the total number of patients in each age group was inadvertently used to compute 95% confidence intervals for the sensitivities, rather than the number of children with pneumonia. We apologize for this, and hope that the error did not confuse readers. The correctedTableis presented; the normal theory method or exact method (for small sample sizes) for obtaining confidence intervals around a point estimate of a binomial distribution was used.2
Role of Activity in Human Dynamics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The human society is a very complex system; still, there are several non-trivial, general features. One type of them is the presence of power-law distributed quantities in temporal statistics. In this Letter, we focus on the origin of power-laws in rating of movies. We present a systematic empirical exploration of the time between two consecutive ratings of movies (the interevent time). At an aggregate level, we find a monotonous relation between the activity of individuals and the power-law exponent of the interevent-time distribution. At an individual level, we observe a heavy-tailed distribution for each user, as well as a negative correlation between the activity and the width of the distribution. We support these findings by a similar data set from mobile phone text-message communication. Our results demonstrate a significant role of the activity of individuals on the society-level patterns of human behavior. We believe this is a common character in the interest-driven human dynamics, corresponding to (but different from) the universality classes of task-driven dynamics.
[Molecular mechanism on Sjögren's syndrome].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into lachrymal and salivary glands leading to symptomatic dye eyes and mouth. Immunohistological studies have clarified that the majority of infiltrating lymphocytes around the lachrymal glands and labial salivary glands are CD4 positive alpha beta T cells. To analyze the nature of T cells in lachrymal glands and labial salivary glands, we examined TCR V beta genes of infiltrating T cells into both glands from SS patients, using PCR-SSCP and sequencing methods. The results showed the following two findings. 1) Some of T cells infiltrating in both glands expand clonally, suggesting that these cells proliferate by antigen-driven stimulation. 2) The common T cells accumulated in lachrymal and labial salivary glands. In conclusion, autoreactive T cells in lips and eyes should recognize the same epitopes of autoantigen in individual patients with SS. Further analysis on autoantigen using T cell lines from labial salivary glands supports the notion that Ro/SS-A 52 kD is a possible autoantigen recognized by autoreactive T cells.
A Black Feminist Examination of Sexual Liberation and Sexual Stereotypes: Perspectives from Black Female College Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study presented here is an examination of Black female college students' perspectives on sexual liberation and the utility of sexual stereotypes in a liberated society. Twenty-four young Black women engaged in seven focus groups to understand how their generation defines and understands sexual freedom and changing norms. Findings showed that some young Black women define sexual liberation as a combination of ownership, awareness, confidence, and pleasure. Additionally, they described sexual stereotypes as: symbols of desiring acceptance, rooted in patriarchy, a way to infer that sexual woman are promiscuous, and may be useful tools in reclaiming sexual autonomy. Implications for sex research and practice are discussed.
Nihonjinron - teorias da japonicidade

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The discussion about Japanese national identity can be observed in the Nihonjinron, that is to say: theories about the Japaneseness which usually are related to the Japanese cultural and social uniqueness. In this text, we will verify how this debate developed and varied in the Japanese Humanities, in the modem historical context of Japan throughout the 20th century.
Additional file 2: of Genome-scale metabolic model of Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 (iMT1174) to study the accumulation of storage compounds during nitrogen-limited condition

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Total metabolites and reactions and their corresponding biochemical pathways, along with exchange reactions, that are involved in the i MT1174Â network. It contains reaction properties such as name, ID, definition, equation, directionality, lower and upper bounds, enzyme commission (EC) numbers, open reading frames (ORFs), KEGG IDs of reactions that were replaced by added reactions (replaced reactions), and references (Additional file 2-1). It also contains unique metabolites (Additional file 2-2). (XLSX 325Â kb)
Implementing an Energy Aware Issues in MANET by Designing Efficient Routing Protocol

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are multihop wireless networks in which all nodes cooperatively maintain network connectivity. In such a multihop wireless network, every node may be required to perform routing in order to achieve end to end communication among nodes. These networks are energy constrained as most ad hoc mobile nodes today operate with limited battery power. Hence, it is important to minimize the energy consumption of the entire network in order to maximize the lifetime of ad hoc networks. Since the emergence of mobile computing, reducing energy consumption of battery operated computing devices has become a very active research area. The widespread popularity of mobile computing devices, such as laptops, handheld devices and cell phones, motivates this research area. These nodes need to be energy conserved to maximize the battery life. Thus, development of energy efficient routing protocols is needed due to the limited battery power of all nodes. In this paper, we have considered two reactive protocols such as DSR and modified DSR (Efficient Power Aware Routing, EPAR) for MANETs and evaluated the energy performance metrics in all the four modes (transmitting, receiving, idle &amp; sleep) and the residual energy. Finally, by the observations we conclude that EPAR offers the best combination of energy consumption and network life time performance.