jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Tumor-Associated LeaLex Hexasaccharides: Instability of a Thiol-Containing Oligosaccharide in Mass Spectrometry and Hypermetalation Detected by ESI FAIMS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report the efficient synthesis of three analogues of the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen Le(a)Le(x). This hexasaccharide was prepared as a soluble inhibitor hexyl glycoside, as a 6-aminohexyl glycoside for conjugation to proteins, and as a 6-thiohexyl glycoside for immobilization to a gold surface. These three analogues were obtained from a common hexasaccharide intermediate and isolated pure following efficient deprotection reactions that involved metal-dissolving conditions. While all other intermediates and analogues gave the expected molecular ions in ESI HRMS, the 6-thiohexyl glycoside final compound gave a complex spectrum in which no signal matched the molecular ion. Using ESI FAIMS HRMS, we were able to prevent ion dissociation reactions and obtained high quality spectral data. The ions detected could be characterized unambiguously from their accurate masses and gave insight into the behavior of the thiohexyl analogue in the gas phase. These results indicate that the 6-thiohexyl glycoside lost water and led to the formation of "hypermetalated" species which we propose are cyclic.
Volker Nienhaus : Profitability of Islamic PLS Banks Competing with Interest Banks: Problems and Prospects, comment فولكر نينهاوس: ربحية البنوك الإسلامية المشاركة في المنافسة مع البنوك ذات الفائدة: المشاكل والآفاق - تعليق: شاهروخ رفي خان

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Dr. Nienhaus has with a straightforward analytical method sought to provide an insight into the functioning of Islamic banks (using PLS as the only financial instrument) in competition with interest-based banks. While the lucidity of the analysis is laudable, I have some reservations about the general approach and specific analysis. Dr. Nienhaus' assertion that the model of the wholesale transformation of an Islamic system discussed by Islamic economists is irrelevant in practice is not completely accurate. Currently Iran and Pakistan provide counter examples to this statement. It needs to be pointed out that after having criticised Islamic economics theorising for its lack of realism, Dr. Nienhaus goes on to assume, for ease of analysis, that PLS is the only financial instrument used by Islamic banks when competing with interest-based banks. Empirically, hire purchase, leasing and mark-up may be the more popular financial instruments currently in use. Nonetheless, I find the assumption acceptable because from a normative perspective PLS may be the closest to the Islamic ideal. --
Responsive Close Air Support

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : In May 2011, International Security Assistance Force Commander General David Petraeus said the responsiveness of close air support (CAS) in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) went from great to exceptional in the previous year. He further stated, The traditional standard had been 12 minutes from the time assets are requested to when they are on station. Recently the average response time has fluctuated around eight minutes. This reduction applied specifically to troops in contact (TIC) situations where ground forces request CAS. Ground forces request CAS when their organic assets cannot handle the situation. In practical terms, this means aircraft are normally responding where ground forces are receiving accurate fire. Four minutes can seem like an eternity to a soldier in the middle of a complex ambush. Aircraft arriving even a few seconds earlier can make the difference between life and death. Numerous agencies and people contributed to this success story, but a great deal of credit belongs to three U.S. Air Force (USAF) captains and a Royal Air Force flight lieutenant2 at the Air Support Operations Center (ASOC) in Kabul. Their leadership as Fighter Duty Officers (FDOs) in charge of their respective shifts in the ASOC directly resulted in the increased responsiveness that General Petraeus lauded. They motivated their crews of highly skilled Airmen to reduce the historically acceptable 12-minute response time to TIC situations. Command and control of airpower in a complex combat environment is not easy, yet they saw the potential for improved support to the coalition s fielded forces and fought to provide it. As the campaign in Afghanistan enters its drawdown phase, an examination of how they achieved this dramatic decrease is appropriate.
A Trial Of Bibliography On Atatürk’s Speech

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Atatürk’s speech is one of the main sources in the history of Turkish Republic and it enlightens an era greatly. Atatürk noted down the people, events and various ideas related to the National Struggle and the Republic period in his work. A great number of studies have been conducted about this historical work from its publication on and Atatürk’s speech has been a subject of very different disciplines. The aim of this study is to put forward the works on Atatürk’s speech as a bibliography
Cortex Lycii attenuates night sweat in Yin-deficient rat by downregulating β 2 AR/cAMP signaling: A proteomic approach

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic effect of Cortex Lycii on the sweat secretion of YDH rats and its underlying mechanism. Methods : Male SD rats (N=36) were randomly assigned into Control, YDH, and DI groups (N=12 each group). YDH model rats were constructed by oral administration of thyroxin and reserpine. After two-weeks treatment of Cortex Lycii , the pharmacodynamics was assessed then the protein profile was obtained using a tandem mass tag proteomic approach. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis was used for bioinformatics analysis of differential expressed proteins (DEPs), critical DEPs were validated by Western blot. The receptor involved in the Cortex Lycii were confirmed by using β 2 AR receptor agonist (isoproterenol)- and M 3 R receptor agonist (pilocarpine)-induced sweat secretion in YDH rats. Results : Cortex Lycii attenuates sweat secretion in YDH rats, and down-regulated the expression of AQP 5 and β 2 -receptor on paw pads of YDH rats. Proteomics analysis revealed 189 differential proteins between the model and control groups, of which 124 differential proteins were remarkably reversed by Cortex Lycii . The overlapping DEPs in the model and Cortex Lycii groups were mainly enriched in the β 2 AR/cAMP pathway. Moreover, Cortex Lycii considerably attenuated the agonistic effect of isoprenaline induced sweat secretion. Conclusion : This study demonstrated the effect of Cortex Lycii on sweat secretion in Yin-deficient rats. The mechanism on the ground may refer to the inhibition of β 2 AR/cAMP, followed by the suppression of the downstream PKA/ezrin/CFTR signaling pathway to reduce ion exchange and the inhibition of IP 3 /Ca 2+ /AQP 5 . The finding may provide new research on the mechanism of night sweats in TCM and their amelioration by Cortex Lycii .
<i>RELIGION</i> AS UNIVERSAL: TRIBULATIONS OF AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL ENTERPRISE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract. The English term religion is used to refer to local Christian churches, their organizations, and their practices. Nevertheless, Western anthropologists have tried to utilize it as if it were a technical term with universal applicability. Anthropologists have sought to characterize religion by several dichotomies, although their own field researches have revealed the irrelevance of such dichotomies as well as the fact that non‐Western peoples do not recognize an entity equivalent to religion. Were the characteristics used by anthropologists in defining religion precisely applied to Western societies, then several other kinds of organizations, ceremonials, and practices would have as much, or even greater, claim to being included within the rubric of religion as the Christian and allied churches. The consequence of this conceptual imprecision has been the theoretical stagnation noted by eminent theorists.
Creating paradise: The Cuban-American struggle for control of Cuba's economic development, 1944--1952

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the Cuban-American struggle to control Cuba's postwar economic development in the period 1944-1952. Cuba emerged from the war in a strong position to negotiate with the United States. The Americans required sugar and Cuba had plenty of it. When the United States suggested to Cuba's President, Ramon Grau San Martin, a strategy for economic development that de-emphasized the sugar industry and instead recommended industrial growth and a suitable climate for foreign investment, including restraints upon labor, the Cuban government refused to comply. Cuba needed to sell sugar and market conditions were favorable for sales.^ But by 1947 circumstances had changed. The United States no longer needed as much sugar from Cuba, so Havana was forced to modify its stance. When the new Cuban President, Carlos Prio Socarras, realized that the Americans were no longer willing to grant its sugar petitions, he began to look for new markets. At the same time the Cubans drafted a policy of industrialization. Prio also opened Cuba's doors to military links with the Americans, an initiative which the United States viewed as fundamental to achieve internal security. President Prio, however, resisted American pressures to modify his labor policy which tolerated strikes and provided for higher wages. He needed the political support of the workers and refused to take measures to restrict them. Employers criticized him and the United States lost trust in the Cuban President. The military coup orchestrated by Fulgencio Batista on March 10, 1952, found Prio politically weak. Cuban capitalists and the Truman Administration supported the new regime. They turned to Batista in the hope that a strong hand could help them achieve their goals. The United States and Cuba were finally in basic agreement on the strategy to develop the Cuban economy.^ This study is based upon archival research at the United States National Archives, the Harry S. Truman Library, and the University of Florida Libraries, as well as upon contemporary Cuban and American documents and publications. Interviews with persons who participated in the events also helped in reconstructing the Cuban side of the story. ^
Evaluación del sílabo desde la percepción de docentes y estudiantes de Enfermería

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The syllable constitutes an essential tool for microcurricular planning in the Nursing career. Objective: Evaluate the syllable from the perception of teachers and students, considering its structure, importance and usefulness. Methods: non-experimental, descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study with a mixed approach. The unit of analysis was a universe of 532 people, including teachers and students of the Nursing program at three campuses of a private university, located in three Ecuadorian cities (Cuenca, Azogues and Cañar). The interview and survey were used, applying an instrument developed and validated by the authors called EVSIUC-2021. Software and statistical packages were used to process and analyze the data: SPPS and ATLAS.ti9. Analysis of comparison of means was carried out to look for significant differences between the various study groups. Results: 83.3% of teachers and 66.5% of students evaluated and had a satisfactory perception of the syllable. A more satisfactory evaluation trend is evident in the students than in the teachers (p=0.006). There are significant differences (p=0.040) in the students of the fifth semester compared to the other cycles. Conclusions: The curriculum is essential to guide the teaching-learning processes and must be evaluated to carry out cycles of continuous improvement.
Development of High Performance SiC Fibers Derived from Polycarbosilane Using Electron Beam Irradiation Curing-A Review

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Low-oxygen-content Si-C fibers (Hi-Nicalon) with 0.5 wt% oxygen were prepared from polycarbosilane with electron beam irradiation curing and pyrolysis. The thermal stability of the Hi-Nicalon fibers was significantly improved compared to Si-C-O fiber (Nicalon) with 12 wt% oxygen. However, creep deformation occurred in the Hi-Nicalon fiber at high temperatures, caused by SiC micro crystals and amorphous carbon. Then, stoichiometric and highly crystalline SiC fiber (Hi-Nicalon type S) was prepared from EB irradiation cured fiber by pyrolysis in a hydrogen gas flow. Type S fibers had high tensile modulus, excellent thermal stability, and creep resistance at high temperature. Hi-Nicalon and Hi-Nicalon type S fiber appear to be the best candidates for the reinforcement of ceramic matrix composites.
<b>Role of Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4-dependent macrophage extracellular traps formation on Type 1 Diabetes pathogenesis</b>

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p dir="ltr"><a href="" target="_blank"><b>Abstract</b></a></p><p dir="ltr">Excessive macrophage extracellular traps (METs) formation has been implicated in several autoimmune disease pathogenesis; however, its impact on Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and related <a href="" target="_blank">mechanisms </a>remains enigmatic. Here, we demonstrated the pivotal role of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) in driving profuse METs formation and macrophage M1 polarization in intestinal inflammation of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. <a href="" target="_blank">Genetic knockout of PAD4 or adoptive transfer of METs alters the proportion of pro-inflammatory T cells in the intestine, subsequently influencing their migration to the pancreas. Combining RNA sequencing and CUT&Tag analysis we found </a><a href="" target="_blank">activated PAD4 transcriptionally regulated CXCL10 expression</a>. <a href="" target="_blank">This study comprehensively investigated how excessive PAD4-mediated METs formation in the colon increases the aggravation of </a>intestinal inflammation and pro-inflammatory T cells migration, and finally involves T1D progression, suggesting that inhibition METs formation may be a potential therapeutic target for T1D.</p><p dir="ltr">Keywords: <a href="" target="_blank">Type 1 Diabetes, Macrophage extracellular traps, Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4, CXCL10/CXCR3, Autoimmunity</a></p><p dir="ltr"><b>Article Highlights</b></p><p dir="ltr">l The role of macrophage extracellular traps (METs) formation in the pathology of type 1 diabetes remains unclear.</p><p dir="ltr">l We aim to investigate the impact of METs formation on intestinal inflammation and its subsequent effect on the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.</p><p dir="ltr"><a href="" target="_blank">l Activated PAD4 facilitates METs formation and transcriptionally regulates CXCL10 expression,</a> leading to accelerated type 1 diabetes through the activation and migration of pro-inflammatory T cells via the gut-pancreas axis.</p><p dir="ltr">l Findings suggest that targeting PAD4-mediated METs formation could emerge as a potential therapeutic strategy.</p>
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Alendronate Sodium/PLGA Microspheres for Applications in Bone Related Disorders.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose - Bisphosphonates are a group of drugs that can be used in the development of new therapies for bone disorders. Microencapsulation by solvent evaporation is a method that results in microspheres with controlled release of the drug. The purpose of the present study was to include sodium alendronate (AL) in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres with a good encapsulation rate. Furthermore it was intended to obtain a prolonged release of the drug over a period of time. Material and methods - Microspheres were prepared by water/oil/water solvent evaporation method. The microspheres were characterized by FTIR analysis using an Avatar Nicolet spectrophotometer. Both encapsulation ratio and in vitro drug release were assessed by chromatographic analysis. Results - The method chosen for sodium alendronate incorporation resulted in microspheres with a good entrapment efficiency. The in vitro drug release from PLGA/AL microspheres was maintained up to 21 days. This suggests that the microspheres had a sustained releasing tendency. Conclusion - Given the prolonged release, PLGA/AL microspheres may be used in a controlled release system with applications in bone disease treatment.
An architectural approach for integrated network and systems management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Today's enterprises are accepting networked systems as a fundamental part of their information technology strategy. The constant growth in quantity and quality of networked systems and the thereby arising problems concerning complexity, heterogeneity and diversity of components in a multi-vendor environment require a sophisticated management of resources. Increasingly the automation of such management is being demanded.In this paper we introduce an architecture for the integrated management of all resources in a networked system, i.e. application, system and network resources. The architecture uses domains as flexible and pragmatic means of grouping resources and of specifying management responsibility and authority boundaries. It maintains a clear distinction between management objectives and the resources being managed in order to provide an integrated view of the various tasks of management as well as an integrated and uniform view of the distributed and heterogeneous managed environment. The uniform management model on which the architecture is based is expressive enough to capture the full richness of management structures and policies both within enterprises and between them. It allows for recursive and generic structuring, we consider as the basis for management activity automation.As an example, we apply our architectural concepts to structure the management of a high speed multi-network (ATM, DQDB, FDDI). Emphasis lies on an automated Quality of Service management in the FDDI management domain.
Magnetic and Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Characteristics of BaFe11Ti0.5Zn0.5O19 in X Band

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Research has been made on BaFe 11 Ti 0.5 Zn 0.5 O 19 compound by high energy milling (HEM) with variation of milling t = 2, 8, and 12 hours. This research was conducted to find out the influence of milling time on magnetic and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of BaFe 11 Ti 0.5 Zn 0.5 O 19 compound. Materials were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Permagraph C, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). XRD patterns of bulk sample had shown the material forms a single phase BaFe 12 O 19 (Barium hexaferrite). A SEM image of bulk sample shows hexagonal structure. A VNA spectrum obtained from 12 hours milling exhibit the highest electromagnetic wave absorption compared with 2 and 8 hours milling, with 99,19% absorption at frequency 11,7 GHz in X-band. Agglomeration occurs on the sample powder may due to electrostatic force among particles and a SEM image confirmed it. Based on that results, the addition of milling time can improve the electromagnetic wave absorption of BaFe 11 Ti 0,5 Zn 0,5 O 19 powder.
Assessment of the Contribution of a Thermodynamic and Mechanical Destabilization of Myosin–Binding Protein C Domain C2 to the Pathomechanism of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy–causing Double Mutation MYBPC3Δ25bp/D389V

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (MyBPC) is a thick-filament associated regulatory protein in the sarcomere. It regulates the sensitive contractile system of the myocardium by acting as a mechanical tether, sensitizing the thin filament or modulating myosin motor activity. Mutations in the MYBPC3 gene are a frequent cause for the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the most frequent cardiac disorder. Recently, the monoallelic double mutation MYBPC3&Delta;25bp/D389V has been discovered as a subset of the common MYBPC3&Delta;25bp variant in South Asia. MYBPC3&Delta;25bp/D389V carriers exhibit hyperdynamic features, which are considered an early finding for the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Using correlation-guided molecular dynamics simulations sampling, we show that the D389V mutation shifts the conformational distribution of the C2 domain of MyBPC. We further applied biochemical approaches to probe the effects of the D389V mutation on structure, thermostability and protein-protein interactions of MyBPC C2. The melting temperature (Tm) of MyBPC C2 D389V is decreased by 4 to 7 &deg;C compared to wild type while the interaction of the C0-C2 domains with myosin and actin remains unchanged. Additionally, we utilized steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations to investigate the altered unfolding pathway of MyBPC C2 D389V. Based on our data, we propose a pathomechanism for the development of HCM in MYBPC3&Delta;25bp and MYBPC3&Delta;25bp/D389V carriers.
StrainInfo SI-ID 5927.1

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

StrainInfo dataset 5927 about a strain of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. populi. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
Test Facilities for Radioactive Material Transport Packages (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

AbstractThe Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has extensive capabilities to test full-scale and model packages that have been designed to the testing requirements of the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 71.73. These are the same teststhat are specified in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 'Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material', Safety Series No.6, 1985 edition as amended in 1990. This report provides information about the facilities, personnel qualifications, prior test experience, and quality assurance capabilities which are available to support package testing.
Validation of a micromethod for determining oxidized and reduced vitamin C in plasma by HPLC-fluorescence.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An HPLC micro-method with fluorescence detection has been developed to determine total vitamin C (vit C) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) concentrations in human plasma samples. This method is based on the rapid, specific reaction of DHA with dimethyl-o-phenylenediamine (DMPD) to form a fluorescent quinoxaline derivative that is quantified by HPLC in less than 5 minutes. The method was assessed with reference to the direct 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) colorimetric method. They were well correlated (r3 = 0.879), but the DMPD-HPLC method had the limit of detection 6 times lower than the standard method and the relative error for a vitamin standard was 10 times better than that of the standard method. The plasma DHA to total vit C ratio varied from 10 to 60%, depending on sample processing. Plasma that were immediately analysed contained 10% DHA whatever the subject's age; frozen deproteinized samples kept 1 week (-67 degrees C) had 20%, and blood samples kept for one hour at room temperature before treatment had up to 60% DHA. The ratio in capillary samples taken from the finger was 11-42%. This rapid, specific and very sensitive micro-method is well suited to routine measurements of plasma vit C.