jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Phase Structures of Dendronized Polymers with Dendritic Azobenzene Side Groups Based on Mesogen-Jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The first- and second-generation dendronized polymers, poly (2, 5-bis {[3, 5-di (4′-methoxy-4-oxyhexyloxy azobenzene) benzyl] oxycarbonyl} styrene) (PG1) and poly (2, 5-bis {3, 5-di [3, 5-di (4′-methoxy-4-oxyhexyloxy azobenzene) benzyl] oxycarbonyl} styrene) (PG2), were successfully synthesized, and their phase structures were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and one-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction (1D WAXD). The results show that the liquid crystalline (LC) phase structures of the dendronized polymers containing dendritic azobenzene side groups depend strongly on the molecular weights (MWs) and the generation of dendritic azobenzene side groups. Compared the low MWs PG2 with the low MWs PG1, the degree of order in LC phase increased with increasing the generation of dendritic azobenzene side groups.
INGeo: Accelerating Instant Neural Scene Reconstruction with Noisy Geometry Priors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a method that accelerates reconstruction of 3D scenes and objects, aiming to enable instant reconstruction on edge devices such as mobile phones and AR/VR headsets. While recent works have accelerated scene reconstruction training to minute/second-level on high-end GPUs, there is still a large gap to the goal of instant training on edge devices which is yet highly desired in many emerging applications such as immersive AR/VR. To this end, this work aims to further accelerate training by leveraging geometry priors of the target scene. Our method proposes strategies to alleviate the noise of the imperfect geometry priors to accelerate the training speed on top of the highly optimized Instant-NGP. On the NeRF Synthetic dataset, our work uses half of the training iterations to reach an average test PSNR of >30.
A Convectional Counter-Stream Sedimentation Process for Separating Biological Isotopes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A method for separating biological isotopes such as X-and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa has been attempted. The separation is accomplished by producing a thermal convection counter-stream within a sedimentation column containing a "Universal Medium"®with spermatozoa suspended therein, and subsequently allowing the two classes of spermatozoa to differentially sediment into separate fractions. Electro-positive and negative potential is applied to facilitate more efficient separation than previously reported.
Utilization of surface cover composition to improve the microwave determination of snow water equivalent in a mountain basin

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Satellite microwave data have been used to derive areal snow water equivalent in flat homogeneous areas with some success. Over heterogeneous mountainous areas different algorithms are needed to retrieve the water equivalent of the snow cover. A mixed pixel model based on the percentage of vegetation cover within a pixel has been developed to simulate the microwave brightness temperatures for the Rio Grande basin (3419 km2) in south-western Colorado. A relationship between the difference in microwave brightness temperature at two different frequencies (37 and 18 GHz horizontal polarization), and the basin-wide average snow water equivalent was obtained. The area! snow water equivalent values derived from the model were consistent with values generated by a reliable snowmelt run-off model using snow cover extent data.
On a Rational-Target Model for the Development of Integrated Security System at the Enterprises of the Russia's Oil and Gas Sector

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article presents analysis of existing approaches to ensuring integrated security at industrial enterprises. This research is focused on the use of an interdisciplinary approach in its provision at enterprises of the oil and gas sector (OGS) of Russia. In the article, the author presents a methodology developed for Russian oil and gas enterprises as the comparative model and flexible approach in the form of an existing and developing integrated security system to reduce various types of damage. The purpose of the study is to solve the scientific problem of developing an integrated security system at the enterprises of the Russian OGS. The presented results of the study prove the feasibility of using the results of assessing the state of integrated security for the enterprises. Thus, an important problem is solved in terms of rationally-targeted allocation of resources that can be used to eliminate violations of precisely those measures that have high rates of impact on reducing damage from accidents and fires. The monitoring results are presented as use of a new rational-target model for the development of oil and gas companies of Russia. This model allows in practice to solve the problem of reducing damage from accidents and fires in the integrated safety system of these enterprises.
Is the Imposition of Diamond Morphology on Mineral Inclusions a Syngenetic or Post-Genetic Process with Respect to Diamond Formation?

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Recent studies showed that inclusions of the same phasewithina single diamond are relicts of an original monocrystal that underwenta dissolution event during diamond growth. Interestingly, these inclusionsdeveloped both diamond-imposed (i.e., cubic-octahedral shape) andlobed morphologies with rounded shapes and/or embayments. Whetherthe diamond-imposed morphology is developed during or after entrapmentof the inclusion is unknown. We addressed the problem in two ways:(i) by determining the thermodynamic conditions under which mineralinclusions can modify their size (e.g., a single inclusion separatesto give two inclusions with different size) and morphology, when trappedin diamond and (ii) by critically reviewing and discussing the recentobservations on mineral inclusions in diamond. Accordingly, we developeda thermodynamic model which considers all the involved energetic contributions(i.e., surface and strain energies) to completely describe the Gibbsenergy of a closed system designed to forecast the size evolutionof two adjacent (or a single) inclusions, at constant T and P. Basedon this model and analyzing the existing scientific literature ondiamond, we propose an experimental/observational protocol to evaluatewhether post-entrapment modification of inclusions has occurred.A thermodynamic model was developed tounderstand whetherthe diamond-imposed morphology is developed during or after entrapmentof the inclusion
An Unexpected Source of Hard Carbon, Rice Hull Ash, Provides Unexpected Li + Storage Capacities

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Hard carbon (HC) anodes used in secondary batteries have attracted increasing recent attention in particular to transition to new energy storage formats. To date, HC is produced exclusively by charring organic precursors in inert atmospheres. One would not expect to find HC in rice hull ash (RHA), the byproduct of rice hull combustion processes. However, in developing approaches to depolymerize RHA SiO 2 (90:10 wt% SiO 2 :C) to produce silica‐depleted RHA or SDRHA 40‐60 (40–60 wt% SiO 2 ) to tailor C:SiO 2 ratios for carbothermal reduction reactions, the SDRHA carbon component is recently revisited. In more detailed efforts to characterize the form of carbon present in SDRHA, a series of analyses reveal graphitized carbon domains in amorphous matrices, i.e., HC, despite RHA being produced via combustion in an oxidizing atmosphere. Comprehensive electrochemical analyses on SDRHA 40‐60 find unexpected capacities far in excess (>700 mAh g −1 ) of reported values for HC and graphite. Electrochemical and STEM characterization suggest that the unexpected capacity may come from the nanoscale morphology of the amorphous carbon component. Given that RHA is a biowaste generated in kilotons/year worldwide, there seems to be an opportunity to develop sustainable high‐capacity anode materials for alkali‐ion storage systems.
Current Trends in the Use of Postless Hip Arthroscopy: A Survey of the International Society for Hip Arthroscopy Membership

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated the risks of pudendal nerve and/or soft tissue complications due to the use of a perineal post during hip arthroscopy. Recently, various postless hip arthroscopy techniques have been described in the literature. Purpose: To assess the current international trends in the use of postless hip arthroscopy among hip preservation specialists. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: An anonymous 11-item survey was sent by email to all members of the International Society for Hip Arthroscopy (ISHA) in January 2022. Surgeons were asked various questions regarding their current use of post-assisted or postless hip arthroscopy, if they had changed their setup technique during their career and the reason for that change, and their perceived rate of pudendal nerve and/or perineal soft tissue injuries using their current technique. Descriptive statistics were used to report the results of each question. The Student t test was used to compare the number of years in practice between post-assisted and postless users. Fisher exact tests were performed to compare categorical rates of pudendal nerve and soft tissue complications between post-assisted and postless users. Results: A total of 126 surveys were completed from 431 ISHA members (29.2%). Sixty-one percent of the surgeons currently use a perineal post, while 33% use a postless technique. Seventy-five percent of the perineal post users and 98% of the postless users self-reported a rate of pudendal nerve and/or soft tissue injury of <1% ( P = .015). Among 41 respondents who indicated changing their technique at some point, 59% reported doing so because of pudendal nerve and/or soft tissue complications. Among surgeons who switched from a perineal post to a postless setup, 71% indicated they have noticed a decrease in the rate of pudendal nerve and/or soft tissue complications. Conclusion: Although use of a perineal post is still a more common setup technique among hip arthroscopists, approximately one-third of surgeons use a postless technique. Surgeons who have switched to a postless technique often did so because of perineal complications, with the majority noticing a subjective decrease in these complications with the use of postless hip arthroscopy.
Intramolecular facilitated acylation of a tertiary hydroxyl group in a perhydrobenzo[b]quinolizinetetrol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular facilitated acylation of a tertiary hydroxyl group in a perhydrobenzo[b]quinolizinetetrolJohn H. Block and Mathews A. NunesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 10, 3456–3459Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00835a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00835a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CENRTC Project {number_sign}2F3EOA, OCB A-386, acceptance test procedure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This test procedure provides the steps necessary to verify correct functional operation of controls, annunciators, alarms, protective relays and related systems impacted by CENRTC {number_sign}2F3EOA, Microwave Transfer Trip Project, modification work performed under work package 6B-93-00043/M (CENRTC 2F3EOA MWTT OCB A-386 PACKAGE). This procedure separates four tests into separate sections: Energization of A-386 Duplex Panel and Circuits; Local RFL 6750 function tests and start-up; SCADA tests; and A-386 local trip tests.
An Analysis of Sustained Positive Behavior Intervention Support in Florida and Related Disciplinary Outcomes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the outcomes associated with sustained school-wide Positive Behavior Intervention Support (PBIS) programs in the State of Florida and the impact the length of time of implementation of these programs had on those outcomes. The link between discipline outcomes, as measured by the number of office discipline referrals (ODRs) written over the course of a school year per 100 students and sustained implementation of PBIS systems with documented fidelity, as well as the connection between discipline outcomes for subgroups of students and sustained PBIS programs were examined for schools in the initial implementation phase (one to three years of implementation) compared to schools in the sustaining phase of implementation (four or more years of implementation). As more schools move to implement school-wide PBIS programs, little research is available to educational leaders focusing on sustainability of school-wide PBIS programs (Coffey & Horner, 2012, McIntosh, Kim, Mercer, Strickland-Cohen, & Horner, 2015). This study aimed to address this lack of research by analyzing the link between sustained school-wide PBIS programs and discipline outcomes. Schools in the State of Florida (987 schools - 654 elementary, 210 middle, and 123 high schools), representing 842,430 students were analyzed in a series of five research questions. The discipline outcomes, as measured by the rate of office discipline referrals per 100 students, from schools in the initial phase of implementation were compared to those of schools with sustained implementation of their school-wide PBIS programs. Research questions focused on whole school data as well as specific subgroups to determine if there was a difference in discipline outcomes. Overall, the analysis of this data found limited significant differences when examining the impact length of implementation has on discipline outcomes. While not statistically significant, several educationally important trends emerged that can help inform educational leaders as they make decisions about the allocation of time and resources for the future of school-wide PBIS programs in their schools and districts.
[Anesthesia techniques in epidermolysis bullosa].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epidermolysis bullosa encompasses a group of rare clinical profiles marked by the formation of bullae on the skin and mucosa as the result of slight mechanical trauma. The anesthesiologist must take certain safety measures to monitor the airway and must expect difficult venous access in patients with this disease. We report our experience in providing anesthesia by various techniques for plastic and maxillofacial surgery. Most anesthetic techniques can be considered safe if they are performed with care and attention to detail.
NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM THROUGH NASAL (NON-INVASIVE)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Intranasal route is the best method for high absorption and direct delivery to the brain. The interests and importance, of this route, are that the systemic effects of drugs when administered through the nasal route, have expanded over recent decades and it used for therapeutic and recreational purposes. In comparison with the parenteral route of drug administration, intra-nasal administration of drugs offers an interesting alternative for achieving systemic therapeutic effects of drugs. The oral administration of the drug produces low drug bioavailability, and this can be minimized using this nasal route. Moreover, the advantage of this route is that it can bypass the first-pass metabolism. Therefore, it is important to understand the potential and limitations of various nasal drug delivery systems. The aim of this review article is to discuss the various pharmaceutical dosage forms that have the potential to be utilized for local or systemic drug administration. It is assumingly expected that this review will help to understand about this route and also to develop suitable intra-nasal formulations to achieve specific therapeutic objectives. The different types of nasal drug formulations that can be used are nasal drops, nasal sprays, nasal gels, nasal suspensions and emulsion, and nasal powders.
Lincoln and the Party Divided

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lincoln and the Party Divided. By William Frank Zornow. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1954. xii + 264 pp. Illustrations, bibliography, and index. $4.00.) Get access David M. Potter David M. Potter Yale University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 42, Issue 1, June 1955, Pages 134–135, https://doi.org/10.2307/1898646 Published: 01 June 1955
UNOS Decisions Impact Data Integrity of the OPTN Data Registry

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background. The Organ Procurement Transplant Network (OPTN)/United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry is an important national registry in the field of solid organ transplantation. Data collected are mission critical, given its role in organ allocation prioritization, program performance monitoring by both the OPTN and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and countless observational analyses that helped to move the field forward. Despite the multifaceted importance of the OPTN/UNOS database, there are clear indications that investments in the database to ensure the quality and reliability of the data have been lacking. Methods. This analysis outlines 2 examples: (1) primary diagnosis for patients who are receiving a second transplant and (2) reporting peripheral vascular disease in kidney transplantation to illustrate the extensive challenges facing the veracity and integrity of the OPTN/UNOS database today. Results. Despite guidance that repeat kidney transplant patients should be coded as “retransplant/graft failure” rather than their native kidney disease, only 59% of new incident patients are coded in this manner. Peripheral vascular disease prevalence more than doubled in a 20-y span when the variable became associated with risk adjustment. Conclusions. This article summarizes critical gaps in the OPTN/UNOS database, and we bring forward ideas and proposals for consideration as a path toward improvement.
Expansion of circulating CD56bright natural killer cells in patients with JAK2‐positive chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms during treatment with interferon‐α

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract In recent years, major molecular remissions have been observed in patients with JAK 2‐positive chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms ( MPN s) after therapy with IFN ‐ α . IFN ‐ α is known to have altering effects on immune cells involved in immune surveillance and might consequently enhance anti‐tumor immune response against the JAK 2‐mutated clone. The objective of this study was to investigate circulating levels and phenotype of natural killer cells in 29 JAK 2‐positive MPN patients during IFN ‐ α treatment. Furthermore, functional studies of NK cells upon target‐cell recognition and cytokine stimulation were performed. The CD 56 bright and CD 56 dim NK cell subtypes display different properties in terms of cytokine production and cytotoxicity, respectively. Our results show a significant increase in the proportion of CD 56 bright NK cells and a decreasing CD 56 dim population during treatment with IFN ‐ α compared to patients that are untreated, treated with hydroxyurea and healthy controls, P < 0.0001. Furthermore, an overall increase in cytokine‐dependent ( IL ‐12 and IL ‐15) IFN ‐ γ expression by CD 56 dim NK cells during IFN ‐ α treatment was observed. In contrast, our data indicate a compromised NK cell response to target‐cell recognition during treatment with IFN ‐ α in four patients. We also report low levels of circulating NK cells in untreated patients compared to healthy donors, patients treated with hydroxyurea and IFN ‐ α , P = 0.02. Based on our findings, one might speculate whether treatment with IFN ‐ α skews the human NK population toward a helper type that may assist in CD 8 + T cell priming in lymphoid tissues at the expense of their immediate cytotoxic functions in peripheral blood and tissues.
Supplementary Appendix 1 from A Simulation Model to Predict the Impact of Prophylactic Surgery and Screening on the Life Expectancy of <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> Mutation Carriers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>PDF file, 124KB, Estimation of Age-Specific Breast Cancer Incidence among BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers in the Absence of Risk-Reducing Interventions.</p>
Design of a Scramjet Nozzle with Streamline Tracing Technique and Reference Temperature Methode

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study presents a method to find an optimal shape of a three-dimensional supersonic nozzle for a rectangular scramjet combustion chamber with rounded edges by taking into account the skin friction effects. The geometric and flow constraints are defined within the German DFG GRK 1095/2 project and the designed nozzle will be part of a scramjet demonstrator configuration. The nozzle inlet conditions are mean values of the combustion chamber exit conditions with the assumption of a constant specific heat ratio. To generate the shape of the nozzle a streamline tracing technique is applied to an axis-symmetric flow field calculated by the Method of Characteristics (MOC). Skin friction in relatively high pressure supersonic flow from the combustion chamber is very dominant and cannot be neglected in the design process. Therefore the skin friction is calculated using the Reference Temperature Method (RTM) and used for the determination of the thrust and moment vectors. This allows considering viscous effects without boundary layer calculations. With this approach an optimal truncated ideal nozzle contour which yields the geometric constraints can be derived. For the validation of this method comparative calculations have been carried out with the DLR code TAU on an exemplary axis-symmetric supersonic nozzle for different flow conditions. Results showed a good agreement. Finally for the three-dimensional nozzle the analytical solution for the inviscous and viscous case provided comparable data like TAU simulations. Further simplifications of the approach for an efficient three-dimensional nozzle design will be addressed in the paper.