jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PROPERTIES OF OILS WORKING WITH HYDRAULIC MOTORS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Hydraulic fluid is an indispensable element of any hydraulic system, in addition to its main function - the transfer of mechanical energy in the hydraulic system - it prevents accelerated wear of equipment parts and, thanks to special additives, from corrosion, contributes to the normal operation of the hydraulic system under various conditions: it provides heat exchange between the components of the hydraulic system with environment, and also acts as a lubricant to protect the rubbing elements of the hydraulic system. High-quality hydraulic oil must necessarily have certain important properties: be resistant to foaming, resist oxidative processes, not enter into chemical interactions with hydraulic system materials, have a low freezing point and a high ignition temperature, or not be flammable at all. Different grades of hydraulic oils differ in the following characteristics: pour point and fire point, corrosive effect on metal, specific gravity of contaminants and water, acid number, oxidation stability, viscosity index and kinematic viscosity. The reliability of hydraulic equipment is largely determined by the compatibility of oils and seal materials. The higher the compatibility, the less likely the equipment to leak and cause oil leaks. Keywords: hydraulic system, hydraulic oil, mechanical energy, materials, hydraulic motor
A Study of Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with having a number of complications, including thyroid dysfunction. CKD affects the thyroid function by lowering levels of circulating thyroid hormones, interfering with hormones binding to protein carriers, disrupting metabolism and elimination of thyroid hormones. Aim of the study : We aimed to evaluate and compare thyroid functions among patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD) and healthy participants. Methods: This is a cross- sectional study conducted in the dialysis unit of Baghdad teaching hospital from ( May 2015 to November 2015). A total of 45 known CKD cases (stage 5) older than 18 year were included in the study. Patients with known thyroid disorders, on medications affecting thyroid function were excluded from the study. All subjects were clinically euthyroid, they were investigated with laboratory tests to determine blood urea, serum creatinine, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), thyroid function including: serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), free T3, free T4, and thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH).Results were compared with the same measurements in 20 normal subjects as a control group. Results: Of total sample of patients, 22(48.9%) were male, 23(51.1%) were female; with mean age of 50.96± 14.26 years. In control group; 12 (60%) were male, 8 (40%) were female with mean age of 40.25± 11.86 years. In HD group; we found statistically significant lower mean values of T3 (1.54± 0.67, p= 0.009), free T3 (2.65± 0.92, p <0.001), and higher frequency of low T3 syndrome in 73. 33% (n=33) vs. 5% (n= 1) with (p <0.001). Subclinical hypothyroidism was found in control group only, in 20% (n= 4), (p <0.001). There was a strong correlation between S. creatinine with free T 3, correlation coefficient (- 0.378). In patients on HD for equal or more than a year; we found statistically significant lower mean values of T3 (1.07± 0.23) vs. (1.66± 0.69), (p= 0.016), in spite of significant increase in mean eGFR of (9.00± 4.82) vs. (6.39± 3.08), (p= 0.05). There was a statistically significant association between total T 4 and presence of DM, (P= 0.044). Conclusions: We observed that functional thyroid gland disorders are more common among patients on chronic hemodialysis compared with healthy subjects, and reveal their link with time on dialysis. Low T3 syndrome (Euthyroid sick syndrome)is the most frequently thyroid function disorder. Keywords: Triiodothyronine, Hemodialysis, Low T3syndrome, Euthyroid sick syndrome.
Limonoids from the Seeds of Melia azedarach

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Evidence is presented for the structure of a new limonoid glycoside, 6-acetoxy-11 alpha-hydroxy-7-oxo-14 beta, 15 beta-epoxymeliacin-1,5-diene-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, which occurs together with salannin and meldenin in the seeds of Melia azedarach. The glycoside shows antibacterial activity against four organisms.
COMBINATION OF FIVE SNPs PREDICTS INDIVIDUAL RISK FOR PROSTATE CANCER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008COMBINATION OF FIVE SNPs PREDICTS INDIVIDUAL RISK FOR PROSTATE CANCER Jianfeng Xu, Siqun L Zheng, Fredrik Wiklund, Jielin Sun, Bao-Li Chang, Hans-Olov Adami, Alan W Partin, Patrick C Walsh, Henrik Gronberg, and William B Isaacs Jianfeng XuJianfeng Xu More articles by this author , Siqun L ZhengSiqun L Zheng More articles by this author , Fredrik WiklundFredrik Wiklund More articles by this author , Jielin SunJielin Sun More articles by this author , Bao-Li ChangBao-Li Chang More articles by this author , Hans-Olov AdamiHans-Olov Adami More articles by this author , Alan W PartinAlan W Partin More articles by this author , Patrick C WalshPatrick C Walsh More articles by this author , Henrik GronbergHenrik Gronberg More articles by this author , and William B IsaacsWilliam B Isaacs More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)62058-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "COMBINATION OF FIVE SNPs PREDICTS INDIVIDUAL RISK FOR PROSTATE CANCER." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), pp. 706–707 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 706-707 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Jianfeng Xu More articles by this author Siqun L Zheng More articles by this author Fredrik Wiklund More articles by this author Jielin Sun More articles by this author Bao-Li Chang More articles by this author Hans-Olov Adami More articles by this author Alan W Partin More articles by this author Patrick C Walsh More articles by this author Henrik Gronberg More articles by this author William B Isaacs More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Professors in the Trenches: Deployed Soldiers and Social Science Academics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : This compilation of articles originally appeared as a five-part series by Small Wars Journal. Each article was co-authored by one Army soldier/civilian and one university professor/academic as part of a joint research project. This project and product responds to the Army's objectives regarding the integration of cultural social sciences into its training and operations. The overarching goal of a Military-Social Science Roundtable, coupled with a related Delphi research process, is to boost, broaden, and render more viable the relationship between the military and academic fields of cultural studies in a way that benefits both communities. Specifically, the Roundtable and Delphi research process should foster a level of cooperation between these communities which assists tactical military units as well as military/political decision makers to ask the right questions in order to conduct full spectrum operations in unfamiliar cultural settings. The process and the venue of such cooperative roundtable conferences is intended to improve not only military long-term capabilities but also bring academic social science thinking into real world challenges.
Preparation of thin films for solar energy utilization

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Thin film deposition techniques have made and are making a significant contribution to solar energy utilization. Commercial applications of thin films include photothermal selective absorbers formed by electroplating, chemical conversion, and vacuum processing; solar reflectors formed by vacuum processes; heat reflectors formed by vacuum processes and spray pyrolysis; and antireflection coating formed by vacuum processes and chemical leaching and the metallization of photovoltaic cells. CdS/Cu2S photovoltaics formed by vacuum processes and spray pyrolysis are also close to commercial utilization. Principal concerns in thin films applications include economics of fabrication and environmental stability of the thin film materials. At the present time, for many applications the best and most economical film deposition technology is not yet defined. One of the major problems with thin film evaluation is the lack of acceptable testing procedures particularly as related to lifetime. Research and development is continuing in the application of sophisticated thin films to photovoltaic conversion and other applications. This paper reviews the status of thin film in solar energy utilization.
Immunoprofiling in Breast Cancer Microenvironment with Multiplexed Immunofluorescence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The immunoprofiles in tumor microenvironment (TME) has established impacts on the tumorigenesis, metastasis, therapy sensitivity and prognosis in various solid tumors, including breast cancer. Regulation of local immune cell homeostasis is considered as a promising strategy for breast cancer therapy. Aim Comprehensively investigate the landscape of tumor-infiltrated immune cells in breast cancer and benign tissues, and provide novel evidence for potential immunotherapy strategies. Method A total of 140 pairs of breast cancer and benign tissues were collected and sectioned. The multiplexed immunofluorescence was applied to simultaneously analyze the immunoprofiles in breast cancer TME. Images were captured by AKOYA-Vectra 3 and analyzed with InForm 2.1 software. Results Comparing the general benign with malignant samples, the mean percentages of T cells (17.03% vs 14.85%, p=0.2329), B cells (6.406% vs 3.763%, p=0.0189), and macrophages (17.06% vs 27.1%, p=0.008) showed dramatic difference. In addition, we compared segmental areas, para-cancer with cancer tissues, different pathological and molecular types, and found that the main difference was the proportion of macrophages, especially the M2 subtype. Conclusion Macrophages and M2 subtype were the iconic differentiated infiltrating immune cells in breast cancer, especially related with the malignancy, clinic stages and tumorigenesis, which was the promising target in cancer therapy.
[Effects of modulation of abscisic acid during somatic embryogenesis in Lycium barbarum L].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method, we determined the ABA contents of different stages in somatic embryogenesis. The results showed that endogenous ABA contents increased to maximum value twice during somatic embryogenesis. After first maximum value of ABA contents embryogenic cells were observed in callus, and simultaneously, there was a specific protein of somatic embryogenesis investigated by SDS-PAGE. This protein accumulates preferentially in embryogenic callus but not in transferred callus. So it is suggested that ABA could promote the expression of specific genes and the synthesis of embryogenic protein during somatic embryogenesis in Lycium barbarum L. and ABA play an important role in globular stage as well. In addition, treatment of non-embryogenic activity callus with 4 mumol/L exogenous ABA could stimulate somatic embryogenesis. And the ABA function mechanism in relation to somatic embryogenesis was discussed.
The tail connectedness among conventional, religious, and sustainable investments: An empirical evidence from neural network quantile regression approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Financial markets are highly unpredictable and often associated with tail risks. This study examines the tail connectivity among three distinct markets—conventional, religious, and sustainable—and uses a new neural network quantile regression technique to quantify their risk exposure. The findings suggest that traditional and religious investments have the greatest tail risk exposure during crises, emphasising the importance of diversification using sustainable investments. The Systematic Network Risk Index identifies intense events, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, the European debt crisis, and the global financial crisis, as having the greatest tail risk. The Systematic Fragility Index finds the Islamic stocks during the COVID‐19 crisis and the conventional stock market before the pandemic to the highly vulnerable markets. On the other hand, the Systemic Hazard Index identifies Islamic stocks as the primary source of systemic risk. The study concludes by providing implications for decision‐makers, regulatory authorities, investors, players in the financial system, and investment managers to diversify their risk by utilising green/sustainable investments.
Essays on immigration: evidence from Spain

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

La tesis analiza los efectos economicos de los flujos migratorios, poiendo el enfasis en el caso espanol de la ultima decada. Se trata de un trabajo que combina elementos teoricos y empiricos que, utilizando diferentes metodologias, aborda desde diversos angulos los efectos de la inmigracion en el caso espanol. En particular, analiza los efectos en el sistema de pensiones, en las prestaciones por desempleo y en el mercado de trabajo.
El capitulo 1 comienza con una revision de la literatura economica dedicada al estudio de los efectos de la inmigracion en las economias de destino. Especialmente, subraya los efectos en el mercado de trabajo y en el sector publico, temas que aborda en profundidad en los capitulos siguientes.
En el segundo capitulo, utilizando un modelo de generaciones solapadas, estudia como un shock migratorio con baja calificacion puede afectar el sistema de bienestar (sistema de pensiones y seguro por desempleo) de la economia receptora. Las aportaciones mas relevantes de este capitulo son las siguientes: i) realiza el analisis tanto en un contexto de pleno empleo como de desempleo; ii) incluye algunos supuestos mas realistas respecto a la literatura previa, como son las diferencias en las tasas de fertilidad entre inmigrantes y nativos, y diferencias en las calificaciones de los descendientes de inmigrantes y nativos; iii) analiza la importancia de la inmigracion irregular.
En el capitulo tres desarrolla un modelo de contabilidad agregada con el objetivo de evaluar cuantitativamente los efectos de una politica selectiva de inmigracion sobre la sostenibilidad del actual sistema de pensiones en Espana. Ademas, este capitulo contribuye al analisis de la sostenibilidad del sistema de pensiones evaluando los efectos de diferentes reformas como son el retraso en la edad de jubilacion de los trabajadores y los mecanismos de indexacion de las prestaciones, entre otras.
El cuarto capitulo analiza el comportamiento de nativos e inmigrantes en el mercado laboral espanol, utilizando datos de la Encuesta de Poblacion Activa. En concreto, investiga el proceso de asimilacion (en terminos de desempleo) de los inmigrantes en la economia espanola. En primer lugar, realiza un analisis de flujo del mercado de trabajo, calculando las tasas de entrada y salida del desempleo de los diferentes agentes. El autor encuentra que los inmigrantes consiguen y pierden su trabajo mas rapidamente que los nativos. Con el objetivo de explicar estas diferencias, desarrolla y calibra un modelo de busqueda y emparejamiento, para posteriormente simular el shock migratorio comprendido entre los anos 2002 y 2006.
En el capitulo final se realiza una discusion de las princiaples conclusiones de la tesis.
“O Think in What Sweet Lays, How Sweetly Strong/Our Fairfax Warbles Tasso's Forcefull Song”: William Collins and Edward Fairfax

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| December 01 2005 “O Think in What Sweet Lays, How Sweetly Strong/Our Fairfax Warbles Tasso's Forcefull Song”: William Collins and Edward Fairfax Sandro Jung Sandro Jung University of Wales, Lampeter Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google English Language Notes (2005) 43 (2): 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-43.2.59 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Sandro Jung; “O Think in What Sweet Lays, How Sweetly Strong/Our Fairfax Warbles Tasso's Forcefull Song”: William Collins and Edward Fairfax. English Language Notes 1 December 2005; 43 (2): 59–68. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-43.2.59 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsEnglish Language Notes Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 2005 Regents of the University of Colorado2005 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Phosphorylation\nby Protein Kinase C Weakens DNA-Binding\nAffinity and Folding Stability of the HMGB1 Protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The\nHMGB1 protein typically serves as a DNA chaperone that assists\nDNA-repair enzymes and transcription factors but can translocate from\nthe nucleus to the cytoplasm or even to extracellular space upon some\ncellular stimuli. One of the factors that triggers the translocation\nof HMGB1 is its phosphorylation near a nuclear localization sequence\nby protein kinase C (PKC), although the exact modification sites on\nHMGB1 remain ambiguous. In this study, using spectroscopic methods,\nwe investigated the HMGB1 phosphorylation and its impact on the molecular\nproperties of the HMGB1 protein. Our nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)\ndata on the full-length HMGB1 protein showed that PKC specifically\nphosphorylates the A-box domain, one of the DNA binding domains of\nHMGB1. Phosphorylation of S46 and S53 was particularly efficient.\nOver a longer reaction time, PKC phosphorylated some additional residues\nwithin the HMGB1 A-box domain. Our fluorescence-based binding assays\nshowed that the phosphorylation significantly reduces the binding\naffinity of HMGB1 for DNA. Based on the crystal structures of HMGB1-DNA\ncomplexes, this effect can be ascribed to electrostatic repulsion\nbetween the negatively charged phosphate groups at the S46 side chain\nand DNA backbone. Our data also showed that the phosphorylation destabilizes\nthe folding of the A-box domain. Thus, phosphorylation by PKC weakens\nthe DNA-binding affinity and folding stability of HMGB1.
An ERP Study on Metaphor Comprehensionin the Bilingual Brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract A good number of neurophysiological studies have been conducted to explore the neural mechanisms of metaphor processing, but few have taken the bilingual phenomenon into consideration. The current study, by using event related potentials (ERPs), investigated the neural mechanism employed by Chinese native speakers whose second language is English in comprehending Chinese and English metaphors. Amplitudes of the N400 ERP component (350-600 ms) were more negative for English metaphors compared with Chinese literal sentences, English literal sentences and Chinese metaphors. In addition, both hemispheres were more activated in processing English metaphors than other conditions. These findings provide electrophysiological evidence for a different mechanism used by Chinese – English bilinguals to comprehend Chinese and English metaphors.
Cryptosporidium in water: CDC guidelines on how to protect yourself. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Cryptosporidiosis, caused by a microscopic parasite, can be a life-threatening disease in persons with immune deficiency. It is spread by contaminated water, as well as by contact with infected persons or animals. The risk from water came to national attention in 1993, when over 400,000 people got cryptosporidiosis from the Milwaukee water supply, despite purification according to Federal standards. On June 15, 1995, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued guidelines regarding cryptosporidium and water supplies. The guidelines suggest that all immunocompromised persons be educated and counseled about the ways that cryptosporidium can be transmitted, and that all persons avoid drinking water directly from lakes and rivers. Immunocompromised persons should boil water for one minute to eliminate risk for acquiring the parasite. Only microstraining filters capable of removing particles less than or equal to one micrometer in size should be used by people who choose to use a personal-use filter. The CDC recommendations state that many brands of bottled water adequately reduce the risk for cryptosporidiosis and, thus, provide a reasonable alternative to boiling tap water. According to the CDC, the guidelines are targeted to everyone with HIV, not just those with low CD4 counts.
Does subjective improvement in adults with intracranial arachnoid cysts justify surgical treatment?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE Subjective improvement of patients who have undergone surgery for intracranial arachnoid cysts has justified surgical treatment. The current study aimed to evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment for arachnoid cysts using standardized interviews and assessments of neuropsychological function and balance. The relationship between arachnoid cyst location, postoperative improvement, and arachnoid cyst volume was also examined. METHODS The authors performed a prospective, population-based study. One hundred nine patients underwent neurological, neuropsychological, and physiotherapeutic examinations. The arachnoid cysts were considered symptomatic in 75 patients, 53 of whom agreed to undergo surgery. In 32 patients, results of the differential diagnosis revealed that the symptoms were due to a different underlying condition and were unrelated to an arachnoid cyst. Neuropsychological testing included target reaction time, Grooved Pegboard, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning, Rey Osterrieth complex figure, and Stroop tests. Balance tests included the extended Falls Efficacy Scale, Romberg, and sharpened Romberg with open and closed eyes. The tests were repeated 5 months postoperatively. Cyst volume was pre- and postoperatively measured using OsiriX software. RESULTS Patients who underwent surgery did not have results on balance and neuropsychological tests that were different from patients who declined or had symptoms unrelated to the arachnoid cyst. Patients with a temporal arachnoid cyst performed within the normal range on the neuropsychological tests. Seventy-seven percent of the patients who underwent surgery reported improvement, yet there were no differences in test results before and after surgery. Arachnoid cysts in the temporal region and posterior fossa did not influence the preoperative results of neuropsychological and motor tests. The arachnoid cyst volume decreased postoperatively (p < 0.0001), but there was no relationship between volume reduction and clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study speak against objectively verifiable improvement following surgical treatment in adults with intracranial arachnoid cysts.