jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Early Nutritional Interventions on the Development of Atopic Disease in Infants and Children: The Role of Maternal Dietary Restriction, Breastfeeding, Timing of Introduction of Complementary Foods, and Hydrolyzed Formulas (Clinical Report)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Keep up with current practice guidelines and policies with the latest, most up-to-date edition of this clinical reference classic. This evidence-based decision-making tool for managing common pediatric conditions has been revised and updated for 2013, with the latest clinical practice guidelines for more than 30 conditions, plus every AAP policy statement, clinical report, and technical report through December 2012.Updated and expanded for 2013 including:- New Sleep Apnea clinical practice guideline.- Full text of more than 60 new or revised AAP policies- CD-ROM includes the full text of more than 400 AAP clinical practice guidelines, policy statements, clinical reports, and technical reports.- More than 30 clinical practice guidelines including new Sleep Apnea guideline, as well as ADHD, bronchiolitis, dysplasia of the hip, gastroenteritis, otitis media, urinary tract infection, and more.- 2013 immunization schedule.
Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion treated with Anti-VEGF

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate retinal microvasculature changes in patients treated with anti-VEGF for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. Methods: We examined 38 eyes of 19 patients for the study. We measured superficial and deep capillary plexus vessel densities (%), foveal avascular zone areas (mm2), and central macular thicknesses. Results: Parafoveal superficial and deep capillary plexus values were significantly lower in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion than in fellow eyes (p<0.001). We found a significant increase in parafoveal deep capillary plexus values after the anti-VEGF treatment (p=0.032). The mean foveal avascular zone was larger in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion than in control eyes (p<0.001). The mean central macular thickness was significantly higher in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion than in controls, and we observed a significant decrease in central macular thickness after anti-VEGF treatment (<0.001). In addition, the cystic structures in the deep capillary plexus regressed. Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography angiography enables qualitative and quantitative evaluations during follow-up of patients treated for branch retinal vein occlusion.
Associates of Perceived Quality of Life in Chinese Older Adults Living With Cognitive Impairment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This study examined perceived quality of life in Chinese older adults living with cognitive impairment in a group of urban Chinese older adults and explore its associations with caregivers’ characteristics. Questionnaires were administered in person to 300 caregiver-care recipient dyads from three urban communities in mainland China in 2019. The 40-item Alzheimer’s Disease-related Quality of Life tool asked caregiver respondents to indicate care recipients’ life conditions. Higher levels of caregiving burden (β = -0.19, p &lt; 0.01) and more depressive symptoms (β = -0.19, p &lt; 0.01) amongst caregivers were significantly associated with lower quality of life of care recipients. The results suggested that reducing caregivers’ burden and depressive symptoms are essential to promote quality of life of care recipients. Formal support from health professionals, service organizations, and communities are urgently called for to promote the wellbeing of Chinese families affected by cognitive impairment.
AquaMMapS: An Alternative Tool to Monitor the Role of Water Molecules During Protein–Ligand Association

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Unquestionably, water appears to be an active player in the noncovalent protein–ligand binding process, as it can either bridge interactions between protein and ligand or can be replaced by the bound ligand. Accordingly, in the last decade, alternative computational methodologies have been sought with the aim of predicting the position and thermodynamic profile of water molecules (i.e., hydration sites) in the binding site using either the ligand‐bound or ligand‐free protein conformation. Herein, we present an alternative approach, named AquaMMapS, that provides a three‐dimensional sampling of putative hydration sites. Interestingly, AquaMMapS can post‐inspect molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories obtained from different MD engines using indifferently crystallographic or docking‐driven structures as a starting point. Moreover, AquaMMapS is naturally integrated into supervised molecular dynamics (SuMD) simulations, presenting the possibility to inspect hydration sites during the ligand–protein association process. Finally, a penalty scoring method, named AquaMMapScoring(AMS), was developed to evaluate the number and nature of the water molecules displaced by a ligand approaching its binding site during the binding event, guiding a medicinal chemist to explore the most suitable regions of a ligand that can be decorated either with or without interfering with the interaction networks mediated by water molecules with specific recognition regions of the protein.
Bom m 9 from Bombyx mori is a novel protein related to asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The silkworm ( Bombyx mori ) can cause severe IgE‐mediated allergic disease, however, the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunologic mechanism by which silkworms induce allergy. Whole silkworm pupa proteins were separated by SDS‐PAGE and 2‐D PAGE. Then, IgE‐binding proteins were detected by immunoblotting with sera of patients having an allergy to Bombyx mori . After tryptic digestion, the peptides of IgE‐binding proteins were analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization tandem time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry. Database searches were used to identify allergens in silkworm pupa, after which Bom m 9 was to construct an asthma model. Thus, in the current study, a mouse asthma model was constructed with Bom m 9.
A Social Network Analysis on Abu Sayyaf Kidnappings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) is a Philippine-based extremist organization globally known for engaging in terrorism, kidnappings, and various criminal activities. This study sought to comprehensively analyze Abu Sayyaf ’s kidnapping incidents using social network analysis to better understand their operational structures, patterns, and dynamics. The researchers applied centrality measurements to assess the significance of nodes in the network, along with the GirvanNewman algorithm for community detection to identify groups sharing similar characteristics and extract groups for various purposes. The findings revealed one kidnapping node to have the highest centrality score and holding the most significant influence and numerous incoming connections within the network. Another kidnapper node in the analysis of out-degree centrality displayed a proactive role, initiating multiple connections and shaping the network’s dynamic. The community detection uncovered seven distinct communities within the network, each demonstrating unique patterns and characteristics. The findings imply that kidnappings were conducted through groups rather than individuals. The majority of networks involving ASG members participating in multiple kidnapping events hold significant implications for national security strategies.
Metastability from the large deviations point of view: A $Γ$-expansion of the level two large deviations rate functional of non-reversible finite-state Markov chains

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Consider a sequence of continuous-time Markov chains $(X^{(n)}_t:t\ge 0)$ evolving on a fixed finite state space $V$. Let $I_n$ be the level two large deviations rate functional for $X^{(n)}_t$, as $t\to\infty$. Under a hypothesis on the jump rates, we prove that $I_n$ can be written as $I_n = I^{(0)} \,+\, \sum_{1\le p\le q} (1/θ^{(p)}_n) \, I^{(p)}$ for some rate functionals $I^{(p)}$. The weights $θ^{(p)}_n$ correspond to the time-scales at which the sequence of Markov chains $X^{(n)}_t$ exhibit a metastable behavior, and the zero level sets of the rate functionals $I^{(p)}$ identify the metastable states.
The Frontal Sinus Cavity Exhibits Sexual Dimorphism in 3D Cone‐beam CT Images and can be Used for Sex Determination

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Few studies have assessed the use of the frontal sinus cavities for sex differentiation. In this study, a new methodology was used to assess the reliability of CBCT images of the frontal sinus cavity for determining sex based on the sexual dimorphism found in this anatomical structure. The survey sample consisted of 130 scans that were reconstructed three‐dimensionally. 3D images of the cavity volume in the frontal, lateral, and basal views were exported in TIFF . The following variables were measured in a second program: area, perimeter, bounding rectangle, ellipse fit, circularity, aspect ratio, roundness, solidity, and Feret's diameter. The methodology demonstrated the existence of sexual dimorphism with an accuracy of 80.0% in the logistic regression model. The basal view had the greatest explanatory power in the final model. This methodology may be used as an alternative way of determining a reliable biological profile during the analysis of skeletal remains.
Synthetic RNA molecules as substrates for enzymes that act on tRNAs and tRNA-like molecules

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic RNA molecules as substrates for enzymes that act on tRNAs and tRNA-like moleculesChristopher S. Francklyn and Paul SchimmelCite this: Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 7, 1327–1342Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00105a013https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00105a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Research on Hysteresis-band Current Tracking Strategy for Modular Multilevel Converter in DG System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Modular multilevel converter(MMC) can be used in DG system.The double closed-loop control strategy including dc bus voltage outer loop and current inner loop is adopted in the control system, which makes dc bus voltage stable even when active power changes.The current inner loop has a new control strategy which is hysteresis-band current tracking control.By real-time monitoring the voltage of the grid and the deviation between the output current and the given current, the input submodules' number of upper/lower arm is determined.Monitoring the direction of current in one arm and comparing the voltage of submodules, then changing the working states of real submodules, the voltages of the upper/lower arm's capacitors can be well balanced.The validity of the proposed method is verified by simulation and experimental results of five-level prototype of MMC.
Successful Albeit Poor Logistics Performance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Explains the economic context and motivation for the logistics diagnostic in Bangladesh and recommends options for addressing the inefficiencies identified. Although Bangladesh experienced sustained growth and poverty reduction over the last few decades, the pace of job creation and poverty reduction has slowed sharply in recent years. Employment trends underscore the importance of diversification in manufacturing, particularly exports, but Bangladesh has not diversified its export basket as much as have peer countries, such as Vietnam. Despite some progress in improving its logistics performance, Bangladesh still lags its main competitors and trails India and Vietnam in every aspect, especially infrastructure and customs. Many garment firms report inefficient logistics as one of the main constraints to servicing the orders they receive; efficient logistics reduce costs and delays for exports, expedite imports of consumer goods and foreign inputs used in domestic production, and offer countries a competitive advantage in an era of growing globalization.
Measuring facial expression of emotion

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research into emotions has increased in recent decades, especially on the subject of recognition of emotions. However, studies of the facial expressions of emotion were compromised by technical problems with visible video analysis and electromyography in experimental settings. These have only recently been overcome. There have been new developments in the field of automated computerized facial recognition; allowing real-time identification of facial expression in social environments. This review addresses three approaches to measuring facial expression of emotion and describes their specific contributions to understanding emotion in the healthy population and in persons with mental illness. Despite recent progress, studies on human emotions have been hindered by the lack of consensus on an emotion theory suited to examining the dynamic aspects of emotion and its expression. Studying expression of emotion in patients with mental health conditions for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes will profit from theoretical and methodological progress.
- Isolation and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan as Potential Biomaterials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This article presents the production processes of chitin and chitosan from marine biowaste. Moreover, various forms of chitin and chitosan are presented based on solubility properties of chitin and chitosan. In addition, methods for determination of DD and molecular weight of chitin and chitosan are presented to propose a standard method to determine DD and molecular weight of chitin and chitosan that needs to develop a systematic nomenclature system to present each type of chitin and chitosan.
RESULTS OF STUDIES OF INFLUENCE OF HEAT-RESISTANT REAGENTS ON PROPERTIES OF POLYMER-CLAY DRILLING MUD

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The increase in the volume of deep drilling is associated with the need to use thermally stable drilling fluids. Despite the effectiveness of the use of hydrocarbon-based solutions under conditions of high temperatures and pressures, they have a number of significant drawbacks: the solubility of hydrocarbon gases and hydrogen sulfide in RSS, low environmental friendliness and high fire hazard. Therefore, the authors in their article set the task of increasing the thermal stability of water-based drilling fluids. Most of the water-based solutions (WBM) and chemicals used are degraded under abnormally high thermobaric conditions. Degradation of polymers included in the WBM composition leads to changes in the technological properties of drilling muds. Temperature liquefaction and solution stability loss, as well as an increase in the solution filtration index, are explained by depolymerization, hydrolysis and thermal oxidative degradation of polymers, especially at temperatures above 100 ° C, which is the limit of reagent stability. In addition, the increased sensitivity of the solid clay phase of the WBM to high temperatures can lead to flocculation of some clays and an increase in fluid loss and fluid separation. This may be caused by a change in the ionic environment of the clay particle, a change in the solubility of impurities, as well as adsorption. High temperature increases repulsive forces between particles, compresses the film of adsorbed water, causing flocculation of clay particles. Higher temperatures or longer periods at less critical temperatures can lead to physical and chemical changes in the colloids themselves or in the mud components. Stability of the system can be achieved by reducing the amount of active solids and adding thermally stable reagents. The article presents the results of testing the thermally stable additives HAITEMP- 200 and KLOTO GX-POLYMER used to increase the thermal stability of polymer clay drilling mud with the addition of the XanthanPetro L biopolymer.Experimental studies have found that the additives HAITEMP- 200 and GX-POLYMER have a positive effect of increasing the resistance of the polymer clay solution with the additive XanthanPetro L to high temperatures and pressure. Moreover, the GX-POLYMER additive more effectively ensures solution stability at high temperatures.
Speeding the Detection of Vessel Cannulation: An In-Vitro Stimulation Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Some practitioners “prime” small IV angiocatheter needles with 0.9% sodium chloride—claiming this modification speeds visual detection of blood in the angiocatheter flash chamber on vessel cannulation. METHODS: We compared the time required for human blood to travel the length of saline-primed and saline-unprimed 24- and 22-gauge angiocatheter needles (Introcan Safety IV Catheter; B. Braun, Bethlehem, PA). A syringe pump (Medfusion 4000, Cary, NC) advanced each angiocatheter needle through the silicone membrane of an IV tubing “t-piece” (Microbore Extension Set, 5 Inch; Hospira, Lake Forest, IL) filled with freshly donated human blood. When the angiocatheter needle contacted the blood, an electrical circuit was completed, illuminating a light-emitting diode. We determined the time from light-emitting diode illumination to visual detection of blood in the flash chamber by video review. We tested 105 saline-primed angiocatheters and 105 unprimed angiocatheters in the 24- and 22-gauge angiocatheter sizes (420 catheters total). We analyzed the median time to visualize the flash using the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test in R (http://www.R-project.org/). The Stanford University Administrative Panel on Human Subjects in Medical Research determined that this project did not meet the definition of human subjects research and did not require institutional review board oversight. RESULTS: In the 24-gauge angiocatheter group, the median (and interquartile range) time for blood to travel the length of the unprimed angiocatheter needle was 1.14 (0.61–1.47) seconds compared with 0.76 (0.41–1.20) seconds in the saline-primed group ( P = 0.006). In the 22-gauge catheter group, the median (interquartile range) time for blood to travel the length of the unprimed angiocatheter needle was 1.80 (1.23–2.95) seconds compared with 1.46 (1.03–2.54) seconds in the saline-primed group ( P = .046). CONCLUSIONS: These results support the notion that priming small angiocatheter needles, in particular 24-gauge catheters, with 0.9% sodium chloride may provide earlier detection of vessel cannulation than with the unprimed angiocatheter.
Photomap of the polythenic chromosomes of Drosophila malerkotliana and in situ mapping of the Hsp83 locus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

A photomap of the polythenic chromosomes of D. malerkotliana was constructed to facilitate the identification of the chromosomal arms and their sections, in order to allow the identification of the breaking points of inversions and the location of the bands marked by in situ hybridization. The photomap of the polythenic chromosomes of D. malerkotliana was constructed with the six chromosome arms corresponding to pairs I (chromosome X), II and III, which are submetacentric and pair IV and Y chromosome were not included because they were not visualized in the material examined, probably due to their small size. The in-situ hybridization was performed on polythenic chromosome slides of 3 individuals. Fourteen marks were observed in Sect. 98 of the chromosomal arm IIIR, representing 70% of the markings. Other marks were found in Sect. 91 (2 marks, 10%), 87 (2 marks, 10%) and 85 (1 mark, 5%) of the same arm and in Sect. 25 (1 mark, 5%) of the IIL chromosomal arm. In this work, a photomap was made and mapped by in situ hybridization a physiologically important gene, the first being mapped in D. malerkotliana, representing the beginning of a complete study of the chromosomal evolution of the species, which will also include the induction of poufs by stress or hormones such as ecdysone.
Levels and Changes of Physical Activity in Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Contextualizing Urban vs. Rural Living Environment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic and the social distancing implemented shortly after influence physical activity levels (PALs). The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the changes in PAL and factors associated with PALs among Croatian adolescents while considering the impact of community (urban vs. rural living environment). The sample included 823 adolescents (mean age: 16.5 ± 2.1 years) who were tested on baseline (from October 2019 to March 2020; before COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia) and follow-up (in April 2020; during the COVID-19 pandemic and imposed rules of social distancing). Baseline testing included anthropometrics, physical fitness status, and evaluation of PALs, while follow-up included only PALs (evaluated by a standardized questionnaire through an internet application). The results showed a significant influence of the living environment on the decrease of PAL, with a larger decrease in urban adolescents. Logistic regression showed a higher likelihood for normal PALs at baseline in adolescents who had better fitness status, with no strong confounding effect of the urban/rural environment. The fitness status of urban adolescents predicted their PALs at follow-up. The differences between urban and rural adolescents with regard to the established changes in PALs and relationships between the predictors and PALs are explained by the characteristics of the living communities (lack of organized sports in rural areas), and the level of social distancing in the studied period and region/country.