jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Peculiarities of the Earth’s Outer-to-Inner Core Transition Zone from the Characteristics of PKIIKP and PKP c-dif Waves

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract—The structure of seismic wavefield at distances close to antipodal is analyzed using two numerical methods—DSM and AXISEM—for calculating full waveforms. The obtained empirical estimates of the amplitude ratio of PKIIKP and PKIKP phases indicate that the S-wave velocity in the upper 40 km of the inner core may not be higher than 3.1 km/s. The properties of the PKPc-dif waves suggest a lower P-wave velocity in the lower 100 km of the outer core.
A set of female pheromones affects reproduction before, during and after mating inDrosophila

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Sex pheromones are chemical signals used for mate attraction and discrimination in many invertebrate species. These compounds are often complex mixtures with different components having different effects. We tested live Drosophila melanogaster mutant female flies genetically depleted for unsaturated cuticular hydrocarbons, which were then perfumed with these substances to measure their influence on various aspects of reproduction. Female pheromones of the control Cs strain enhanced female attractivity,copulation duration and tended to decrease the number of female progeny of mutant females mated with Cs males, but no dose-dependent effect was found. Cs and variant males showed different response to Cs female pheromone, suggesting a strain-specific coadaptation of female and male characters. The fact that female pheromones induced reciprocal effects on the frequency of the genes contributed by females and males suggests that these substances regulate coevolutionary processes between the sexes.
Genetic Afterlives : Black Jewish Indigeneity in South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1997, M. E. R. Mathivha, an elder of the black Jewish Lemba people of South Africa, announced to the Lemba Cultural Association that a recent DNA study substantiated their ancestral connections to Jews. Lemba people subsequently leveraged their genetic test results to seek recognition from the post-apartheid government as indigenous Africans with rights to traditional leadership and land, retheorizing genetic ancestry in the process. In Genetic Afterlives, Noah Tamarkin illustrates how Lemba people give their own meanings to the results of DNA tests and employ them to manage competing claims of Jewish ethnic and religious identity, African indigeneity, and South African citizenship. Tamarkin turns away from genetics researchers' results that defined a single story of Lemba peoples' "true" origins and toward Lemba understandings of their own genealogy as multivalent. Guided by Lemba people's negotiations of their belonging as diasporic Jews, South African citizens, and indigenous Africans, Tamarkin considers new ways to think about belonging that can acknowledge the importance of historical and sacred ties to land without valorizing autochthony, borders, or other technologies of exclusion
Migrations définitives et navettes. Recherche de liens statistiques

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Departing population and commuting: statistical relationships. The object of this study is to show the statistical relationships between two forms of migratory movements of different nature : departing population and commuting. The study is based on two specific statistical uses of the population census data. The first considered the 108 main towns in France. The aim of the study is to show the role of migratory movements in changes in employment during the period 1968-75. The second considers the town of Strasbourg. The aim here is to show one aspect of the urbanization during the period 1975-82.
Tough Love: The Normative Conflict Model and a Goal System Approach to Dissent Decisions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Most rebels have a cause, and the expression of internal criticism and dissent is vital for healthy civic and collective functioning. Here, we review the normative conflict model (NCM), which posits that social identities are key to understanding conformity and deviance in group contexts. The NCM hypothesizes that strongly identified group members are willing to articulate critical and dissenting opinions when they believe that doing so is in the interest of the collective. In this paper, we conceptually advance the NCM by exploring how responses to group norms can be understood from a goal system perspective, conceptualizing dissent decisions as often involving choices between conflicting goals. We review the evidence for this approach to dissent and outline a range of future directions.
SHORT REPORT Open Access Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vif causes dysfunction of Cdk1 and CyclinB1: implications

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The two major cytopathic factors in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the accessory proteins viral infectivity factor (Vif) and viral protein R (Vpr), inhibit cell-cycle progression at the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Although Vpr-induced blockade and the associated T-cell death have been well studied, the molecular mechanism of G2 arrest by Vif remains undefined. To elucidate how Vif induces arrest, we infected synchronized Jurkat T-cells and examined the effect of Vif on the activation of Cdk1 and CyclinB1, the chief cell-cycle factors for the G2 to M phase transition. We found that the characteristic dephosphorylation of an inhibitory phosphate on Cdk1 did not occur in infected cells expressing Vif. In addition, the nuclear translocation of Cdk1 and CyclinB1 was disregulated. Finally, Vif-induced cell cycle arrest was correlated with proviral expression of Vif. Taken together, our results suggest that Vif impairs mitotic entry by interfering with Cdk1-CyclinB1 activation. Findings HIV-1 infection results in cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase accompanied by massive CD4 + T-cell death. Amongst the HIV-1 proteins, Vpr has been a major focus of studies for cytopathicity and G2 cell cycle arrest [1,2].
Extended Sparse Transient Search Deep Transfer Learning Based Intrusion Detection System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Intrusion detection system (IDS) is typically responsible for tracking and identifying fraudulent behaviours in any operating network.This paper propose an extended sparse transient search deep transfer learning-based intrusion detection system (STSDTL-IDS) that overcomes the limitations and classifies complex attacks accurately and finely.A feature selection method, namely, chimp optimization algorithm (COA) is used to eliminate the unwanted features and it is used to detect assaults by identifying relevant aspects in the dataset with high precision.The proposed method is a hybrid method which includes sparse transient auto encoder with deep transfer learning, and extended Transient Search Optimization algorithm to improve the cloud IDS efficiency.The performance of the sparse deep transfer learning algorithm is improved using the extended transient search optimization.The python tool is used and the UNSW-NB15 and CICIDS2017 datasets are used.The experimental result shows that the proposed method outperforms when compared to the existing methods.
Snake Charmer

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Augmented and virtual reality have the potential of being indistinguishable from the real world. Holographic displays, including head mounted units, support this vision by creating rich stereoscopic scenes, with objects that appear to float in thin air - often within arm's reach. However, one has but to reach out and grasp nothing but air to destroy the suspension of disbelief. Snake-charmer is an attempt to provide physical form to virtual objects by revisiting the concept of Robotic Graphics or Encountered-type Haptic interfaces with current commodity hardware. By means of a robotic arm, Snake-charmer brings physicality to a virtual scene and explores what it means to truly interact with an object. We go beyond texture and position simulation and explore what it means to have a physical presence inside a virtual scene. We demonstrate how to render surface characteristics beyond texture and position, including temperature; how to physically move objects; and how objects can physically interact with the user's hand. We analyze our implementation, present the performance characteristics, and provide guidance for the construction of future physical renderers.
The Moral Status of the Human Embryo

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Recognizing the importance of the state’s special protection of the prenatal stage of human development, most countries establish strict control over the research of the human embryo. One way to argue the limitations of embryo research is its moral status as a potential human being and representative of the human species. In the insufficient study of the moral status of the embryo, the article identifies approaches to its understanding and formulates its main features. The paper also examines the theoretical question that is at the heart of practical and professional ethics: by what criteria is the embryo attributed to have the moral status? The answer to this question reveals the importance of moral considerations regarding the proper handling of the embryos as well as the importance of the moral duty of others to treat an unborn child with respect. Some ways of understanding the principle of respect are examined separately. The moral significance, value, and respect for the embryo are all prerequisites for establishing the limits of acceptable and unacceptable behaviour during the research on human embryos. This article highlights the problem of conflict of interests of the embryo as the one with moral status, with the interests of society to continue embryonic research due to the potential for usefulness for a huge number of people suffering from various diseases. Such conflict can be resolved through the establishment of ethical principles, which can be used to describe the limits of research on human embryos in the international and national guidelines for such research. Given the generality of such principles, it is also important to establish a national specialized committee on the ethics of research on human embryos. Despite the results of the study, the article emphasizes the need for more detailed and deeper participation of representatives of legal, bioethical, embryological science, and the public in conversation. Key words: moral significance, value, respect, moral obligations, legal status.
Antibacterial Activity Test of Etanol Extract of Black Sea Cucumber (Holothuria atra) against the Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Black Sea cucumber (Holothuria atra) contain chemical compounds that has antibacterial activity. One of the bacteria that is pathogenic to humans and at risk of death are Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether black sea cucumber ethanol extract in Pataomeme waters has antibacterial activity against the microorganisms E. coli and S. aureus. The type of research used is quantitative research with quasi laboratory experiments. Antibacterial activity test using disc diffusion method. Black Sea cucumber extract was made in 3 concentrations, consisted of 7.5%, 10% and 12.5%. The results showed that black sea cucumber extract has antibacterial activity seen through the inhibition zone formed. The maximum inhibition zone is at a concentration of 12.5% sea cucumber extract, which is 28.59 mm against S. aureus bacteria and 21.02 mm against E. coli bacteria. According to our results, sea cucumber may be a suitable marine source of antibacterial substances. To ascertain its potential use in other areas of medicine, more in vivo research must be conducted.
Numerical treatment of thermal nanofluid flow for energy enhancement over a porous stretching sheet impact of slip and buoyancy force

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The advancement of nanofluid innovation is a crucial area of research for physicists, mathematicians, manufacturers, and materials scientists. In engineering and industries, the fluid velocity caused by stretching sheets and nanofluids has a lot of applications such as refrigerators, chips, heat exchangers, hybrid mechanical motors, food development, and so on. The originality of the current study is the analysis of the thermal nanofluid in the existence of a porous matrix, and buoyancy force over the stretched sheet, so in limiting cases, the existing work is equated with the available effort, and excellent correspondence is originated. The governing equations in terms of PDEs are changed to the convection differential by utilizing the appropriate transformation and then solved by the ND-solved method along with bvph2. The thermal boundary layer thickness upsurges as the radiation and temperature factors are improved. It is observed that with the growing amount of volume fraction factor the velocity profile declines. When the velocity slip factors and permeability are enhanced the velocity profile augments. It is examined as the values of permeability factor, Biot number, and velocity slip factor are increased the inner temperature of the fluid improves. For the increasing values of θ_r, ϕ, and Nr, the temperature is increasing. In the future, the present model can be extended by using the hybrid nanofluid for the activation of thermal conductivity and heat enhancement analysis.
Optical Imaging Model Based on GPU-Accelerated Monte Carlo Simulation for Deep-Sea Luminescent Objects

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Modeling and simulating the underwater optical imaging process can assist in optimizing the configuration of underwater optical imaging technology. Based on the Monte Carlo (MC) method, we propose an optical imaging model which is tailored for deep-sea luminescent objects. Employing GPU parallel acceleration expedites the speed of MC simulation and ray-tracing, achieving a three-order-of-magnitude speedup over a CPU-based program. A deep-sea single-lens imaging system is constructed in the model, composed of a luminescent object, water medium, double-convex lens, aperture diaphragm, and sensor. The image of the luminescent object passing through the imaging system is generated using the forward ray-tracing method. This model enables an intuitive analysis of the inherent optical properties of water and imaging device parameters, such as sensor size, lens focal length, field of view (FOV), and camera position on imaging outcomes in the deep-sea environment.
Maps and Paths in Music Learning- Building up Mental Representations: A Connectionist Approach

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Cognitive science and cognitive psychology have pointed out that and representation interact in nets that encode input information dynamically in an intermediate or hidden layer of units (Hanson & Burr, 1990, p. 477). For a long time behavioral psychologists have addressed the problem of how one acquires knowledge to a stimulus-response chain. Today there is much more interest in the structure and development of internal mental representation. All models of information processing implicitly include propositions about the status of knowledge representation. The particular mode of representation (see Cummins, 1989) renders possible that we can recognize something to be something and that we can see or think or hear something internally (i.e., something that must not necessarily be physically present). But if we recognize something to be something, we must have perceived it as a clear and concise structure that can be represented in our mind. Cognition then means to integrate a perceived feature into an already established schema. Cognition is related to an activation of representations, and learning takes place by changes (differentiations, extensions) in the representational network.
A Study on the Mechanical Properties and Specific Resistivity of Reaction-Bonded Silicon Carbide According to α-SiC of Various Mixed Particle Size

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

저저항 Si-SiC 소결체 제조를 위해 ${\alpha}$-SiC에서 조성과 C의 양을 변화시키면서 반응소결 특성을 고찰하였다. 시료준비는 정수압으로 성형체를 제조하였고, 용융Si 반응소결을 통해 시험편을 준비하였다. 반응소결체의 미세구조, 기계적 특성 및 전기저항 분석 결과 용융Si과 반응 후 미립의 ${\beta}$-SiC가 생성되었고, 치밀한 소결체를 형성하였다. 미립 ${\beta}$-SiC 생성량은 카본 양 에 따라 증가하였다. 그리고 C함량 10wt%이내에서 기계 R전기저항특성은 입도조성 영향이 크고 카본 함량 10wt%이상에서는 상전이 반응의 영향이 큼을 알 수 있었다. For the manufacture of low resistance Si-SiC composite, the properties of reaction sintering in the green body of various mixed ${\alpha}$-SiC powder size with the various carbon contents from 0wt% to 20wt% were investigated. The samples preparation was green body by CIP method under this condition, molten silicon infiltration process was conducted to reaction bonded silicon carbide. the results of sintered density, 3-point bending strength and resistance of analysis showed that varied carbon and silicon melt reacted to convert to fine ${\beta}$-SiC particle and the structure was changed to dense material. The amount of fine ${\beta}$-SiC particle was gradually increased as carbon content increase. According to mixed composite, it's mechanical and specific resistivity properties was strongly influenced by carbon content within 10wt% more then carbon content 10wt% was strongly influenced by phase transition.
On Planar Visibility Counting Problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For a set $S$ of $n$ disjoint line segments in $\mathbb{R}^{2}$, the visibility counting problem is to preprocess $S$ such that the number of visible segments in $S$ from any query point $p$ can be computed quickly. There have been approximation algorithms for this problem with trade off between space and query time. We propose a new randomized algorithm to compute the exact answer of the problem. For any $00$ is an arbitrary constant number.
Quantitative Characterization of Surfactant Displacement Efficiency by NMR—Take the Tight Oil of Chang 8 Member of Yanchang Formation in Fuxian Area, Ordos Basin, as an Example

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Surfactant flooding is a pivotal technique for enhancing oil recovery efficiency. The Chang 8 member of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin exemplifies a quintessential tight oil reservoir. Specifically, 47.9% of wells yield less than 0.1 t/d, 27.0% produce between 0.1 and 0.2 t/d, and 18.8% generate outputs ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 t/d, while only a mere 6.3% exceed production rates of over 0.3 t/d, indicating minimal efficacy of water flooding development in this context. In this study, we conducted an extensive investigation into the geological characteristics of the Yanchang 8 reservoir within the Ordos Basin, leading to the identification and evaluation of three surfactants based on their interfacial tension properties. The optimal injection concentration was determined through on-line displacement nuclear magnetic resonance imaging analysis that refined surface activity conducive to developing the Chang 8 member, ultimately resulting in increased spread volume and enhanced crude oil production from individual wells. The results indicate the following: (1) The interfacial tension of NP-10, FSD-952, and GPHQ-1 at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% exhibited a pattern of initial decrease followed by an increase. The mass concentration corresponding to the minimum interfacial tension for NP-10 is identified as 0.1%, which is also the case for GPHQ-1; however, for FSD-952, this occurs at a concentration of 0.4%. Among the surface-active agents NP-10, GPHQ-1, and FSD-952, GPHQ-1 demonstrated the lowest interfacial tension value at an impressive measurement of 0.0762 mN/m. (2) When the displacement of the 0.1% GPHQ-1 surfactant reaches 10 PV, the displacement efficiency improves from 69.69% to 76.36%, representing an increase of 6.67%. The minimum pore size observed during GPHQ-1 surfactant displacement is 0.01 μm. In contrast, when the displacement of the NP-10 surfactant at a concentration of 0.1% reaches 10 PV, the efficiency rises from 68.32% to 72.02%, indicating an enhancement of 3.7%. The corresponding minimum pore size for NP-10 surfactant displacement is recorded at 0.02 μm. Furthermore, when the displacement of the FSD-952 surfactant at a concentration of 0.4% achieves 10 PV, its efficiency increases from 69.93% to 74.77%, reflecting an improvement of 4.81%. The minimum pore size associated with the activated portion of FSD-952 is noted as being approximately 0.03 μm.
Microfluidic Shear Assay to Distinguish between Bacterial Adhesion and Attachment Strength on Stiffness-Tunable Silicone Substrates

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Tuning surface composition and stiffness is now an established strategy to improve the integration of medical implants. Recent evidence suggests that matrix stiffness affects bacterial adhesion, but contradictory findings have been reported in the literature. Distinguishing between the effects of bacterial adhesion and attachment strength on these surfaces may help interpret these findings. Here, we develop a precision microfluidic shear assay to quantify bacterial adhesion strength on stiffness-tunable and biomolecule-coated silicone materials. We demonstrate that bacteria are more strongly attached to soft silicones, compared to stiff silicones; as determined by retention against increasing shear flows. Interestingly, this effect is reduced when the surface is coated with matrix biomolecules. These results demonstrate that bacteria do sense and respond to stiffness of the surrounding environment and that precisely defined assays are needed to understand the interplay among surface mechanics, composition, and bacterial binding.
Study of the ultrasonic creeping wave propagation over a concave metal surface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Creeping ultrasonic waves are used in echo flaw detection of near-surface and near-bottom zones of metal products of plane-parallel or cylindrical shape. The creeping (lateral) waves are also used in testing products by the time-of-flight diffraction method as the earliest (reference) signal, followed by the useful signals of waves diffracted on metal discontinuities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of the creeping wave to propagate over a concave metal surface. We have studied experimentally the attenuation of the amplitude of a creeping wave with the distance upon wave propagation over concave metal surfaces of different radii. The velocity of propagation of the creeping wave does not depend on the radius of curvature and equals to the velocity of the bulk longitudinal wave. The results obtained provide the possibility of using the time-of-flight diffraction method in control of the objects with concave surfaces, in particular, for in-tube testing.