jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Optimized Method to Estimate Forest Height With Compact Polarimetric SAR Interferometry

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we analyse the possibility of estimating the volume height using compact PolInSAR data. The Random Volume over Ground (RVoG) model has been used to retrieve the canopy height from full PolInSAR data. With compact PolInSAR data, this model can be directly applied but in some cases, the canopy height estimation can be degraded compared to the results obtained by using full PolInSAR data. The data space is reduced in compact polarimetry resulting in a smaller coherence region included in the full polarimetric coherence region. An alternative could be to reconstruct a 'pseudo' full PolInSAR matrix but this method requires some assumptions. In this paper, we compare different approaches for the inversion from compact PolInSAR data and evaluate the performance of a compact polarimetric system versus a full polarimetric system. The results over several datasets show that it is possible to estimate the volume height from compact PolInSAR data using an optimized method.
Geographic variation of tree height of Pinus pinaster Aiton gathered from common gardens in Europe and North-Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset collects individual georeferenced tree height data from Pinus pinaster Aiton planted in common gardens in France, Morocco and Spain, between years 1966 and 1992. The experimental design varies depending on the common garden, from a randomized complete to incomplete block design, RCB or RIB, respectively. The final dimension of the dataset is 123,801 individual tree height data measurements with 14 common gardens and 182 different genetic units. The data can be used to assess genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity with further applications in biogeography and forest management.
Post-traumatic neck pain. Epidemiological, neuro-radiological and clinical aspects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. OBJECTIVE: To use high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing signal intensity areas in the alar ligaments. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Conflicting evidence exists whether areas of high signal intensity in the alar ligament on MRI are more frequent in whiplash patients than in noninjured control subjects. METHODS: A case-control designed study of 173 subjects included one group with persistent whiplash associated disorder Grade I-II after a car accident (n = 59), one with chronic nontraumatic neck pain (n = 57) and one group without neck pain or previous neck trauma (n = 57). High-resolution proton-weighted MRI in 3 planes was used. The images were independently evaluated by two experienced neuroradiologists who were blinded to patient history and group allocation. The alar ligaments were evaluated according to a 4-point grading scale; 0 = low signal intensity throughout the entire cross section area, 1 = high signal intensity in one third or less, 2 = high signal intensity in one-third to two thirds, and 3 = high signal intensity in two thirds or more of the cross section area. RESULTS: Alar ligament changes Grade 0 to 3 were seen in all 3 diagnostic groups. Areas of high signal intensity (Grade 2-3) were found in at least one alar ligament in 49% of the patients in the whiplash associated disorder Grade I-II group, in 33% of the chronic neck pain group and in 40% of the control group (chi, P = 0.22). CONCLUSION.: The previously reported assumption that these changes are due to a trauma itself is not supported by this study. The diagnostic value and the clinical relevance of magnetic resonance detectable areas of high intensity in the alar ligaments are questionable.
Risk in cardiovascular disease. Merit of using risk reduction rather than absolute risk for lipid lowering drugs.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Editor—Our study of whether treatment recommendations for lipid lowering drugs should be based on absolute coronary risk or risk reduction1 was accompanied by an editorial by Jackson in the same issue that warrants further discussion.

The chance of preventing a coronary event is the absolute risk multiplied by the relative risk reduction, but the question is whether the relative risk reduction is equal in patients of all ages. The meta-analysis of the statin trials by LaRosa et al,2 cited as evidence for this by Jackson (together with three hypertension trials), does not render Law et al's meta-analysis of lipid lowering trials invalid3 as LaRosa et al included both primary and secondary prevention trials, assuming that the difference between them relates only to the absolute risk of a further event.

Our study concerned primary prevention, and the two relevant statin trials in this meta-analysis suggest that age may influence risk reduction, although formal statistical analyses were not reported. One of these trials showed a relative risk reduction of 40% (95% confidence interval 16% to 56%) below the age of 55, compared with 27% (8% to 43%) above4; the other study showed a 46.5% risk reduction below the median age (age 58) compared with 30.4% above.5 Both trials were consistent with the age effect predicted by Law et al's meta-analysis.

Our objective was to highlight the potential for leaving young patients with multiple risk factors untreated by assuming that relative risk reduction is not influenced by age. If treatment is based solely on absolute risk a male, non-smoking, diabetic patient with systolic blood pressure of 180 mm Hg and total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations of 6.0 and 0.9 mmol/l would not reach the risk threshold for treatment until the age of 53. By contrast, after adjustment for age a risk reduction threshold of 4.5% is reached at age 42 when absolute risk is 8.9%.

During this 11 years the patient's average annual risk of coronary heart disease is approximately 2.4%, giving a cumulative event risk of 27.5%, or more than a 1 in 4 chance of an event through the delay in treatment. If this was adjusted for life years gained—as suggested in both our study and Baker et al's study published in the same issue6—the benefit of starting treatment at an early age would become even more apparent.

The aim of treatment recommendations should be to maximise use of trial data to increase their relevance. Use of computer based technology enables complex guidelines to be handled easily in a clinical setting and readily updated as new evidence becomes available.
Huge sacrococcygeal teratoma in association with massive syringomyelia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report on a case of simultaneous major pathologies in a male third trimester fetus showing a huge sacrococcygeal teratoma and massive syringomyelia affecting the whole lumbar and thoracic spinal cord. The male patient was delivered by cesarean section after sonography and fetal MRI showed a huge teratoma in the sacrococcygeal area, pronounced scoliosis of the spine, malposition of both legs, and club feet. The tumour was removed almost in total, a connection with the spinal canal was not found. To relieve cervical myelopathy, thought to be caused by increased pressure in the massively dilated central canal, a decompression procedure in the lumbar region with fenestration was done. MRI showed improvement with partial decompression of the thoracic myelon for a short period of time. During the course, progressive enlargement of both the lateral and third ventricle were signs of blockage of CSF pathways.
A STUDY ON DIGITALIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON BANKS

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Banking system plays a very dominant role in the Indian economy. It is like a principal nerve to the nation’s economy as it serves to the financial requirements of credit in all the spheres of the society. The growth and innovations in technology has led to a paradigm shift in the entire banking operations and systems. The digital revolution is dramatically changing the business environment and the financial services industry is no exception. Moreover, the evolution of e-banking has led to the substantial change in terms of fulfilling customers’ divergent and ever growing needs. Further, our government is giving a lot of thrust to digital banking as it is the future of tomorrow. The present study explores the influence of technology in banking sector among customers by reviewing the relevant literature from the earlier studies. An extensive study on the impact of technology on banking, highlights the factors such as effectiveness of data management, value added services, level of knowledge and awareness, security, safety, service quality, productivity, and profitability.
THE EFFECTS OF REGULAR EXERCISE PROGRAM ON DIALYSIS EFFICACY, MUSCLE ATROPHY AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

زمینه و هدف: سبک زندگی غیر فعال و عوارضی همچون آتروفی عضلانی و ضعف عضلانی از جمله مشکلات بیماران همودیالیزی است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر تمرینات ورزشی بر کیفیت دیالیز، آتروفی عضلانی و عملکرد جسمانی بیماران همودیالیز می باشد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه نیمه تجربی، 30 بیمار همودیالیزی به صورت داوطلبانه انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه کنترل و تجربی قرار گرفتند. گروه تجربی تمرینات ورزشی فزاینده را با دوچرخه به مدت 20 هفته، 3 جلسه در هفته و هر جلسه 60 دقیقه انجام دادند. کیفیت دیالیز با نمونه گیری خونی قبل و بعد از دیالیز جهت تعیین شاخص های کیفیت دیالیز (Kt/v) و میزان کاهش اوره (URR)، آتروفی عضلانی به وسیله آنتروپومتری و چربی زیر پوستی و عملکرد جسمانی به وسیله آزمون 2 دقیقه راه رفتن ارزیابی شد. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های تی و کوواریانس در نرم افزار SPSS تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: در گروه تجربی، آتروفی عضلانی از 57/56 به 37/59 سانتیمتر و عملکرد جسمانی از 87/132 به 27/165 متر افزایش معنی داری نشان داد (05/0>P) اما در گروه کنترل تغییری مشاهده نشد. کیفیت دیالیز در هر دو گروه تفاوت معنی داری را نشان نداد (05/0< P). نتیجه گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که انجام تمرین ورزشی منظم در حین دیالیز در بیماران همودیالیزی باعث افزایش عملکرد جسمانی و کاهش آتروفی عضلانی می شود ولی بر کیفیت دیالیز آنها تاثیر معنی داری ندارد. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده تمرینات ورزشی می تواند در حین دیالیز به عنوان یک فرآیند درمان برای کاهش اثرات دیالیز مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
Criterios morfométricos y cualitativos para la determinación de la edad y el sexo en <i>Mionectes olivaceus</i> (Tyrannidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Knowledge of molt and plumage patterns for Neotropical birds is incipient. Taking into account its usefulness to determine age and sex reliably in birds, I present data for some morphometric variables and external characters of Mionectes olivaceus (Tyrannidae), evaluate its ability to differentiate among age and sex and suggest a fast and reliable method for sex and age identification. I measured 106 museum specimens of four subspecies, among which I found no morphometric differences. I found important differences between sexes and ages. Though rectrix length and wing chord did vary between sexes, as has been reported for other members of the genus Mionectes, they did not contribute to group formation in three discriminant function analyses. Beak depth and two measures of the ninth primary emargination were the most relevant variables for ageing and sexing. These variables allowed the analysis to correctly classify more than 75 % of all the cases evaluated. Long and deep emarginations, deep beaks and truncated external rectrices are key characters to age determination. Beak depth is the key character to differentiate among sexes, along with length and depth of the ninth primary emargination. Results from this kind of studies provide invaluable tools for an accurate and fast identification, which are essential requirements in demographic and ecological studies or in banding and monitoring programs.
Essays on Preferences and Nominal Rigidities and on Macroeconomic Forecasting

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This dissertation thesis consists of four academic papers. The first paper presents a new partial equilibrium theory of price adjustment based on consumer loss aversion and studies the asymmetry characteristics of price reactions to temporary and permanent demand shocks of different size and sign. The second paper combines nominal wage loss aversion with endogenous reference wage dynamics and investigates the implications of these dynamics for the firms’ wage and employment decisions. The third paper systematically compares the joint forecasting accuracy of the three most prominent large scale approaches, namely factor models, Large Bayesian Vectorautoregressions and model averaging, for a set of 11 German core variables and investigates to what degree the different models’ performance is robust to the exact model specification. The last paper analyzes different methods to signal recessions in the euro area in real-time and assesses the real-time probability forecasts obtained with the different methods in terms of sharpness, calibration and discriminatory skill.
An audit: fitness to drive assessment in inpatients of general adult and old age psychiatry

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aims To determine if fitness to drive is assessed on admission and discharge, if applicable, and for this to be documented during clerking and on discharge notifications. To determine if patients are being educated about the impact of their condition on the ability to safely drive. To ascertain if patients are aware of the duty to inform the DVLA if they for any reason are not fit to drive. Background Risk factors include social, behavior and iatrogenic factors such as social withdrawal, increased likelihood of substance abuse and side effects of anti-psychotic medication. Method This trust wide audit involved the random sampling of a total of 71 case notes, 4 case notes per Consultant team in general adult psychiatry and old age psychiatry across Dudley and Walsall sites (total of 3 sites). A data collection tool was developed and included relevant questions regarding fitness to drive. Data were collected between October and December 2019. Result 18/49 patients had physical health screening prior to medication initiation. Conclusion An important aspect of good medical practice is to educate patients about their condition, this includes their fitness to drive as this can be affected both by their diagnosis and medication. It is clear that clinicians also need to be educated about this responsibility to ensure assessment is performed especially on inpatient discharge.
JS09.6.A ADVANCING THE MINIMALLY INVASIVE CNS-TUMOR CLASSIFICATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LIQUID BIOPSY APPROACHES USING NANOPORE SEQUENCING AND PANEL-BASED NGS OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID CTDNA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) liquid biopsy (LB) enables minimally invasive molecular profiling of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We compared targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and whole-genome Oxford Nanopore sequencing (ONT) regarding diagnostic yield, turnaround time (TAT), and clinical utility. MATERIAL AND METHODS CSF cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from 60 patients with suspected CNS tumors was analyzed across two centers. In all cases, both NGS and ONT were performed on the same cfDNA aliquot. Matched tumor tissue was available in 91.7 % (55/60). Diagnoses included glioblastoma (GBM, n = 26), CNS lymphoma (CNSL, n = 18), astrocytoma (A, n = 5), ependymoma (EPN, n = 3), diffuse midline glioma (DMG, n = 3), and other gliomas (n = 5). NGS profiles (CNVs, SNVs, indels) were reviewed by a multidisciplinary LB board. ONT enabled CNV and methylation-based classification using Sturgeon and Rapid-CNS2. RESULTS NGS detected ctDNA in 83.3 % (50/60); among ctDNA-positive LBs, 72.0 % (36/50) received a full molecular diagnosis (A-diagnosis), and 28.0 % (14/50) a partial diagnosis (B-diagnosis). ONT was interpretable in 81.7 % (49/60), with methylation-based classification in 60.0 % (36/60) and CNV-only profiles in 21.7 % (13/60). Singleplex ONT succeeded in 90.0 % (9/10); multiplexing (n = 50) yielded valid methylation profiles in 52.0 % (26/50), depending on total cfDNA input: 64.3 % (18/28) for &gt;2 ng vs. 36.4 % (8/22) for &lt;2 ng. Median TAT was 4.2 days for ONT vs. 21.3 days for NGS. In 20.0 % (12/60), ONT refined or corrected NGS-based classifications—primarily in CNSL (n = 10) and GBM without a 7/10 signature (n = 2). NGS outperformed ONT in DMG (n = 3) due to detection of H3F3A mutations. CONCLUSION ONT enables rapid, clinically meaningful CSF-based classification of CNS tumors, especially in GBM and CNSL. This distinction is of high clinical and therapeutic relevance and represents a frequent diagnostic challenge in neuro-oncological practice. While performance decreases in low-input multiplexed samples, the speed and diagnostic impact of ONT supports its use in time-sensitive workflows. Singleplex ONT is preferred for clinical LB studies with limited cfDNA input.
Some Experiences with a Nonlinear Experimental Design Criterion

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The optimal experimental designs for estimating the parameters in certain nonlinear models in various situations are given, and it is noted that these designs usually consist of suitable replicates of a small set of experiments, the number of which is equal to the number of unknown parameters. In view of the computational difficulty in obtaining the optimal experimental designs, it is suggested that the experience gained with these examples be regarded as typical, and on this basis computational "short cuts" to the optimal (or at least near optimal) designs are available. Also discussed is a grave disadvantage of replicated optimal designs, namely that such experimentation is of little use in highlighting inadequacies of the assumed model, if any exist.
Authoritarian socialization experience and acculturation dysfunction among young immigrants to Western Europe : the role of a negative existential position

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This dissertation is a report on research, which was implemented during 2006 - 2009 at Jacobs University in Bremen, Germany. The scope of this study encompasses two areas of social psychology: the Authoritarian Personality theory and acculturation research. It was a quantitative research (N = 1318), which focused on four different groups (three immigrant groups and one - native (ethnic) Germans). This research used a theoretical framework of Transactional Analysis which was, so to say, “imported” from practical psychology. It examined the relevance of Transactional Analysis’ theoretical framework within the context of Authoritarian Personality research and Acculturation research. Valuable empirical findings were gathered in both fields. Thus, by means of statistical data analysis, acculturation patterns among three immigrant groups in Germany were examined, as well as a newly introduced concept – Acculturation Dysfunction. Within the Authoritarian Personality research, a new conceptual approach to the Authoritarian Personality understanding and formation was introduced, and a core concept of the Transactional Analysis – Negative Existential Position – in the Authoritarian Personality formation was empirically tested. The two main hypotheses, determined for this research, were confirmed; numerous additional empirical findings were obtained, which can serve as abundant material for further research in both research fields.
Learning about Business Intelligence - Challenges of the Visually Impaired

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Modern business systems, especially those of middle and large size, generate a large amount of different data.This data is important for proper analysis, prediction of future trends or in other words for making various business decisions. The large amount of data that can be found in many different formats and in different technology can be stored on multiple locations that all refer to the same business system. Education about technology, such as various business organizations’business intelligence systems and data warehouses is important part of many higher education curriculums. However, since many business intelligence tools rely on various graphical representations of data they are not suitable for visually impaired students. In this paper a discussion about challenges that visually impaired students encounter when trying to learn about business intelligence is given along with directions for future research.
ON RIEMANN MATRICES OF THE FIRST AND SECOND KIND

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A Riemann representation is obtained for the solutions of the Cauchy problem for a first order hyperbolic system in two independent variables, and applications of this construction to the study of the stability and dichotomy of solutions are indicated.The main results of this paper have been announced earlier (see MR 84k: 35089).Bibliography: 8 titles.
Improvement of Tooth Appearance and Function after Reconstruction of the Maxillary Anterior Interproximal Dental Papilla by an Interdisciplinary Approach: Case Report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

近年前歯部の補綴治療を行うにあたり, 機能性のみならず審美性についての要求も患者から高まってきている。より自然で調和の取れた口元という審美的要求に対して歯冠形態を調整する事により歯間乳頭の再建がなされるようになってきた。しかし, これらの手法を活用しても, 健全な歯周組織環境が存在しなければ, 長期にわたり歯肉レベルを安定・維持することは困難である。今回, 広汎性中等度慢性歯周炎に罹患し上顎前歯部の歯間離開, 挺出により審美性および発音障害を主訴とする43歳女性の症例に対して歯周外科治療と矯正治療を行い歯周組織の炎症のコントロールと安定した咬合を確立した。歯周外科治療後に矯正治療により前歯部のフレアーアウトを改善し, 不揃いな歯頸線を矯正的挺出により審美的になるように整えた。また, この挺出に伴い歯根形態が細くなった前歯部の補綴処置にあたり天然歯と同等のカントゥアーを付与した。その結果, 審美および発音障害が顕著に回復した症例を報告する。
Tactile Perception for Stroke Induce Changes in Electroencephalography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective/Background Tactile perception is a basic way to obtain and evaluate information about an object. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tactile perception on brain activation using two different tactile explorations, passive and active touches, in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Methods Twenty patients who were diagnosed with stroke (8 right brain damaged, 12 left brain damaged) participated in this study. The tactile perception was conducted using passive and active explorations in a sitting position. To determine the neurological changes in the brain, this study measured the brain waves of the participants using electroencephalography (EEG). Results The relative power of the sensory motor rhythm on the right prefrontal lobe and right parietal lobe was significantly greater during the active tactile exploration compared to the relative power during the passive exploration in the left damaged hemisphere. Most of the measured brain areas showed nonsignificantly higher relative power of the sensory motor rhythm during the active tactile exploration, regardless of which hemisphere was damaged. Conclusion The results of this study provided a neurophysiological evidence on tactile perception in individuals with chronic stroke. Occupational therapists should consider an active tactile exploration as a useful modality on occupational performance in rehabilitation training.