jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
490. Electroporation-Mediated Gene Transfer of Caveolin-1 Protects from Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Through Regulating Activation of Inflammasome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive chronic interstitial lung disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and the accumulation of scar tissue in the lung interstitium, resulting from alveolar epithelial injury and the accumulation of inflammatory cells. Currently, there is no effective therapy. Gene therapy is a promising approach to treat a variety of lung diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a major component of caveolae, and has been found greatly reduced expression in the lungs of PF patients. Moreover, Cav-1-deficient mice develop spontaneous pulmonary fibrosis. To investigate if Cav-1 can protect from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we delivered plasmids expressing Cav-1 driven by the ubiquitin promoter using electroporation. PF was induced 2 days after gene transfer by intratracheal administration of bleomycin (2 unit/kg). We found that electroporation-mediated gene transfer of Cav-1 to the lung significantly protected from subsequent bleomycin-mediated fibrogenesis by histological analysis and the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen measurement. We also found attenuated recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes and/or macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid after gene transfer of Cav-1 compared with vector control. The underlying mechanism was associated with reduced activation of the inflammasome by determining the expression of cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1 beta in both mouse models and cultured cells after overexpression of Cav-1. These results demonstrate that Cav-1 might be a potential target for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Cylindrical cloak design in layered nanosphere dispersed liquid crystal metamaterial

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We discuss the concept of infrared cloaking using nanosphere dispersed liquid crystal (NDLC) matematerial in cylindrical geometry for TM polarization. The system consists of layers of NDLC with different values of ordinary refractive index and the same value of extraordinary refractive index of liquid crystal host. Finite element calculations (COMSOL Multiphysics), which include the Poynting vector calculations, show that scattering from the hidden object is limited in the presence of the layered cloak.
Radiation structure of laser-produced plasma at low-Mach number by 2-wavelength Mach-Zehnder interferometer

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Propagation of a laser detonation wave was studied by two-wavelength Mach-Zehnder interferometry and laser-shadowgraph. To investigate the termination mechanism of the laser detonation wave, this study used a wedge nozzle and made a quasi-one dimensional propagation because the lateral expansion greatly influenced the LSD termination condition. We also investigated the dependency of gaseous form; N 2 and O 2 . As a result, the velocity of the detonation front in O 2 was faster than N 2 . The peak of the electron density profile in O 2 was higher than that in N 2 . Furthermore, this distribution tends to increase when the position gets close to the target wall. This result has never been observed in two-dimensional situation.
Priority Analysis of Core Compact City Indicators incorporating the Preventive Planning Factors Against Urban Disaster

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

도시인구와 에너지 기후 환경의 변화, 경제적 위기 등으로 인하여 도시계획과 정책은 새로운 변화를 필요로 하고 있다. 도시계획의 새로운 패러다임 변화 속에서 압축도시는 지속가능성을 실현할 수 있는 바람직한 대안으로 주목받고 있다. 하지만 서울과 같은 대도시에 적용하는 데에는 한 가지 아쉬운 점이 있다. 바로 방재적 계획요인이 고려되지 못한 점이다. 시의적으로 도시방재계획의 중요성이 점차 높아지면서 자연재해와 도시안전 등의 방재 특성을 평가할 수 있는 지표 역시 반영되어야만 할 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 방재적 측면의 계획요인들을 반영하여 압축도시 지표를 개발하고 그 중요성을 비교 평가하고자 하였다. 분석결과, 전체 30개 압축도시 지표 중 방재관련 핵심 5개 지표의 중요도는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 범죄예방환경설계(6위), 건설안전관리(12위), 전염병 예방 및 의료보건서비스(16), 교통안전관리(18), 화재 및 자연재해 예방(20)순으로 산정되었으며, 특히 범죄예방환경설계와 건설안전관리 지표는 각각 상위 20%와 40%내에 포함되었다. It is necessary to concern new city planning and related policy changes due to urban population, economic crisis and changes in the weather and the circumstance. So, Compact City emerges major issue being useful alternative to carry out possible sustainability within a new paradigm of the urban planning. However, it has one of difficulties to apply them in metropolitan cities like Seoul because it is not considering Preventive Planning Factors. As importance of urban preventive plan becomes more crucial, it has to be concerned reflecting evaluation indicators of preventive characters such as urban safety and natural disasters. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate their priority comparatively using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) after it established compact city indicators reflecting the planning factors in terms of prevention. According to the result, there were 5 essential indicators in priority among total 30 compact city indicators following; Crime prevention through Environmental design (Sixth), Safety in Maintenance and Construction works (twelfth), Epidemic prevention and medical health services (sixteenth), Traffic safety management (eighteenth), Fire and natural disaster prevention (twentieth). Especially some of indicators such as Crime prevention through Environmental design and Safety in Maintenance and Construction works were included in each top 20 and 40 percent.
Thirty-year analysis of randomized clinical trials in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

7032 Background: Population-based registries have reported improvements in overall survival (OS) for patients (pts) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving intensive chemotherapy (IC). In this study, we analyzed the contribution of experimental IC regimens to improved outcomes in AML pts over time. Methods: Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, Embase databases and conference abstracts were searched for adult AML trials from 1985 to 2015. Analyses were restricted to phase 3 RCTs using IC regimens; excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia. Complete response (CR), leukemia-free survival (LFS), and OS in the experimental arms (EAs) and control arms (CAs) were evaluated. Outcomes were stratified by age, younger or older based on whether > 65% of the pts in a study were < 60 or ≥ 60 years, respectively and by cytogenetic risk. Median OS of RCT pts was compared to 61000 pts from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. Results: 70 studies comprising 36429 AML pts were included. CR rates in EAs and CAs did not improve significantly in younger or older pts or in any cytogenetic risk groups over the study period. No significant change in LFS rates were observed over time in the EAs and CAs in both younger and older pts. Over 30 years, the median OS increased for younger pts in EAs at a rate of 29.52 days/yr (d/yr) (6.84-51.84; p = 0.012), but did not reach statistical significance for older pts (13.68 d/yr; 1.8-25.92; p = .03). For those in CAs, the corresponding rates for younger and older pts was 32.76 d/yr (8.64-56.88; p = 0.009) and 12.24 d/yr (2.88-27.93; p = .10), respectively. By comparison, the improvement in median OS over time in SEER cohort, was much less steep in both younger (18.36 d/yr; 30-212.4, p < .0001) and older pts (0.36 d/yr; 0.36-0.72, p = .003). Conclusions: Over the last 30 years, experimental therapies in AML have contributed minimally to improving OS, mostly in younger pts. No significant increment in LFS rates were observed in any age group, demonstrating a disappointing lack of clinical efficacy of EAs. Higher gains in OS for RCT pts in CA arms compared to SEER, indicates a divergence between controls and the general population, possibly due to increasing bias in the selection of controls for RCTs over time.
Difunctionalized indol-2-yl-ligated bimetallic rare-earth metal complexes: synthesis, characterization and high activity towards polymerization of 2-vinylpyridine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A series of difunctionalized rare-earth metal alkyl complexes bearing 1-(2-pyridinyl)-3-(2-benzothiazolyl) indol-2-yl ligand were prepared and applied for polymerization of 2VP with high isotactic selectivity and high molecular weight.
Effectiveness of Practicing Self-Care Module on Activities of Daily Living (ADL) among Patients with Schizophrenia in a Selected Hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Schizophrenia is a clinical syndrome of very serious and persistent neurobiological brain disease with profoundly disruptive psychopathology that results in severe, impairment in the lives of an individual, family and community. Patients need to depend on the family members or health care team members to meet their self-care needs. The present study determined the effectiveness of practicing self-care module on Activities of daily living (ADL) among patients with schizophrenia in selected hospital. During the study period, totally 30 patients with schizophrenia between the age group of 21-40yrs participated in this study. Convenient sampling technique was used to select the participants. After obtaining consent, data has been collected from subjects with observational checklist. Subjects were given training for seven hours per day. Post test was conducted after 7days. Descriptive, paired t test and chi-square test were used to analyze the data. The finding of the study depicts evidence of significant difference between pre and posttest at the level of P<0.01, so the self-care module helped them in their Activities of daily living to the maximum extent. There was a statistically significant difference in pre and post-test on level of performance in relation to Personal hygiene, personal grooming, communication, responsibilities and over all the level of P<0. 001.The study highlighted that, the need of retraining ADL for patients with schizophrenia is mandatory by the psychiatric nurses in hospital setting.
THE DEHYDRATION OF 2,3,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANOL-31

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE DEHYDRATION OF 2,3,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANOL-31Frank C. Whitmore and K. C. LaughlinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 11, 4392–4393Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01350a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01350a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Physical and mental health factors associated with work engagement among Finnish female municipal employees: a cross-sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives Work engagement is related to mental health, but studies of physical health’s association with work engagement are scarce. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between physical health, psychosocial risk factors and work engagement among Finnish women in municipal work units. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 among 726 female employees from 10 municipal work units of the city of Pori, Finland. Work engagement was assessed with the nine-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The American Heart Association’s concept of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) was used to define physical health (non-smoking, body mass index <25.0 kg/m 2 , physical activity at goal, healthy diet, total cholesterol <5.18mmol/L, blood pressure <120/80 mm Hg, normal glucose tolerance). Psychosocial risk factors (social isolation, stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, hostility and type D personality) were included as core questions suggested by 2012 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention. Results Of the study subjects, 25.2% had favourable 5–7 CVH metrics. The sum of CVH metrics, healthy diet and physical activity at goal were positively associated with work engagement. In subjects without psychosocial risk factors (36.7%), work engagement was high and stable. Presence of even one psychosocial risk factor was associated with a lower level of work engagement regardless of the sum of ideal CVH metrics. Conclusions Both physical and mental health factors have a positive relationship with work engagement, whereas the presence of even one psychosocial risk factor has a negative association regardless of the level of classic cardiovascular risk factors.
Control Strategies in Continuous Direct Compression

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Continuous manufacturing (CM) offers the opportunity to advance the manufacturing technology used in the pharmaceutical industry wherein higher quality is assured through better process design and the ability to monitor and control quality in real-time. In CM, all the unit operations are integrated with each other which leads to differences in the methods used for process design and control. In this chapter, continuous direct compression (CDC) is used as an example to illustrate key concepts involved in the process design of continuous unit operations in an integrated CM line. For pharmaceutical products, quality is assured using a control strategy that details controls on raw material attributes, process parameters and in-process material attributes. Control strategies typically used in batch manufacturing are not sufficient for integrated continuous processes. CM requires methods to monitor relevant quality attributes in real-time, execute closed-loop control and divert non-conforming materials if needed, and a high level of automation to execute the associated control strategies. In this chapter, key considerations behind the development of in-process control (IPC) methods and associated unit operation control strategies are presented. Given that quality attributes are monitored continuously, real-time release (RTR) strategies can be implemented for products manufactured using CM. Considerations in implementing RTR strategies for drug product critical quality attributes are also presented in this chapter.
Comparative analysis of the influence of various models of energy supply on the wave drag of an airfoil

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A comparative analysis of the efficiency of various models for the external energy supply to airfoil in transonic flight regimes has been carried out. It is established that a decrease in the wave drag of the airfoil is independent of the method of energy supply and is entirely determined by its magnitude. Particular features of a model only influence the local flow characteristics.
Transient response of a case-bonded nonlinear viscoelastic cylinder.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The problem of a rapidly pressurized, infinitely long, thick-walled viscoelastic cylinder bonded to a thin elastic shell is considered. The plane strain solution is obtained when the strain e and deformation rate d in the viscoelastic cylinder are such that terms of order three and higher in e and d can be neglected in comparison with e and d. The strains in the shell, however, are restricted to magnitudes for which infinitesimal elasticity theory applies. The effect of inertia of the viscoelastic cylinder is included in the analysis. The cylinder is internally pressurized by two types of pressure programs: a step pressure and a ramp pressure with four different rise-times. For these loadings the Eulerian strain and circumferential stress response at the inner and outer radii of the viscoelastic cylinder are obtained using a second-order constitutive relation in which the stress depends only on the displacement and velocity gradients.
Improved Measuring Apparatus for X-Ray Absorption Spectrometry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Two techniques for simplifying data taking and for eliminating the requirement of a carefully stabilized x-ray power supply in x-ray absorption spectrometry have been developed. Method I oscillates the sample in and out of the beam with a period that is small compared to drift and the usual x-ray tube instabilities. The corresponding I and I0 are channeled to two ratemeters, and by analog techniques a quantity proportional to the absorption coefficient is electronically calculated and plotted. In method II, two counters are arranged in tandem with the sample between, yielding I and I0 simultaneously. The proper apportionment of counts in both arrangements is considered.
EFFECTS OF ONLINE REPUTATION MECHANISMS ON PERCEIVED CREDIBILITY AND HEALTH DECISION MAKING

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Reputation mechanisms and credibility are methods of adding additional information to forum posts, and are becoming more commonplace in online health forums. These systems provide users of forums additional information which can be used to evaluate the trustworthiness of the information being disseminated in community-run websites. The goal of the following studies is twofold. First, it is necessary to identify which elements of reputation systems and credibility participants use to make assessments of the trustworthiness, perceived credibility, and perceived accuracy of answers to health-related questions on a simulated web forum. Once the reputation mechanisms and credibility systems have been identified, the second study explored how high and low overall reputation affects decisions in a non-compensatory decision-making task. This study demonstrated a preference for a non-dominating alternative when it is associated with high reputation, and an overwhelming preference for a dominating alternative when associated with a high reputation. This study also showed that participants expressed higher levels of perceived credibility, trust, confidence, and accuracy of answers when making a decision based on reputation rather than utility.
Effects of ATRA on MAP kinase signaling during skin carcinogenesis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A137 Retinoids have been studied extensively for their potential as therapeutic and chemopreventive agents for a variety of cancers, including nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Despite their use for many years, the mechanism of action of retinoids in the prevention of NMSC is still unclear. In this study we have attempted to understand the chemopreventive mechanism of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a primary biologically active retinoid, in order to more efficiently utilize retinoids in the clinic. We have used the 2-stage dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) mouse skin carcinogenesis model to investigate the chemopreventive effects of ATRA). We have compared the gene expression profiles of control skin to skin subjected to the 2-stage protocol, with or without ATRA, using Affymetrix 430 2.0 DNA microarrays. Approximately 49% of the genes showing altered expression with TPA treatment are conversely affected when ATRA is co-administered. The activity of these genes, which we refer to as ‘counter-regulated’, may contribute to chemoprevention by ATRA. The counter-regulated genes have been clustered into functional categories and bioinformatic analysis has identified the B-Raf/Mek/Erk branch of the MAP kinase pathway as one containing several genes whose upregulation by TPA is blocked by ATRA. We also show that ATRA blocks signaling through this pathway, as revealed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Finally, we found that blocking the B-Raf/Mek/Erk pathway with a pharmacological inhibitor, Sorafenib (BAY43-9006), induces squamous differentiation and shrinks the live cell compartment of existing skin SCCs formed in the 2-stage model. In conclusion, the suppression of the B-Raf/Mek/Erk pathway by ATRA coincides with its chemopreventive action, and is therefore likely to be critical for this effect.
Sanjoy Bhattacharya, Expunging variola: the control and eradication of smallpox in India, 1947–1977, New Perspectives in South Asian History, New Delhi, Orient Longman, 2006, pp. xv, 326, Rs 750.00 (hardback 81-250-3018-2).

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sanjoy Bhattacharya, Expunging variola: the control and eradication of smallpox in India, 1947–1977, New Perspectives in South Asian History, New Delhi, Orient Longman, 2006, pp. xv, 326, Rs 750.00 (hardback 81-250-3018-2). - Volume 51 Issue 4
Message from the ISPA 2011 General Chairs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ISPA 2011 is the next event in a series of highly successful symposia on parallel and distributed computing and networking, previously held as ISPA 2010 (Taipei, Taiwan), ISPA 2009 (Chengdu, China), ISPA 2008 (Sydney, Australia), ISPA 2007 (Niagara Falls, Canada), ISPA 2006 (Sorrento, Italy), ISPA 2005 (Nanjing, China), ISPA 2004 (Hong Kong), and ISPA 2003 (Aizu, Japan). This year the value, breadth, and depth of the ISPA symposium continues to strengthen and grow in importance for both the academic and industrial communities. This strength is evidenced this year by having the highest number of submissions made to the symposium, which has resulted in our selective program. In addition, the publishing of special issues from two famous journals (Cluster Computing and EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking) make this symposium stronger. We sincerely thank all of our chairs and committee members, as listed in the following pages. Without their hard work, the success of ISPA 2011 would not have been possible. We hope you find ISPA 2011 enjoyable and please let us know if you have any suggestions for improvement.
Prehospital anaesthesia in the UK: position statement

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Prehospital anaesthesia is carried out regularly by a small number of prehospital care practitioners in the UK. Although mostly predictable, prehospital disorders can be more difficult than those in hospital, and, in addition, peer and skilled anaesthetic assistance is usually not available. Hence, patient safety should be given paramount importance, and systems need to be in place to ensure that the highest standards are achieved.