jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact of resource availability on outcomes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: real-world data from Pakistan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of resource availability on the outcomes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and identify areas of improvement in managing DLBCL in resource-limited settings. This multicentric retrospective study included 756 patients across 12 public and private hematology, oncology, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant centers in Pakistan. The median age at diagnosis was 47.92 years (range, 14-89), which was higher in resource-enhanced settings than resource-limited ones (P =.001). The male-to-female ratio was 2:1. Detailed immunohistochemistry was available for 22 patients (4.3%) in resource-limited vs 155 (59.3%) resource-enhanced settings (P = .000). Higher International Prognostic Index scores, advanced stage, and central nervous system disease were seen in resource-limited settings (P = .000). Computed tomography scan was the primary diagnostic modality in resource-poor settings, compared to positron emission tomography scan (64% vs 38.8%; P = .000). Complete response (CR) rate was lower for resource-limited settings (35.5% vs 54.4%; P = .000). R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) yielded a higher CR than CHOP (P = .000). Only 10 relapsed/refractory patients (29%) in resource-limited setting received salvage treatment compared to 15 (48%) in resource-enhanced setting (P = .02). For the entire cohort, overall survival was 40.6%, higher in resource-enhanced setting (53% vs 35.2%; P = .000). Disease-free survival was 36.3% (47% in resource-enhanced vs 31.4% in resource-limited settings; P = .000). The study highlights disparity in outcomes between patients in resource-limited vs resource-enhanced settings. Efforts are required to bridge this gap by uniform resource allocation and establishing specialized centers.
A Secure and Efficient Smartphone Payment Scheme in IoT/Cloud Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In IoT/Cloud environments, to provide an efficient and flexible payment service is very important since the client/device may not have a large storage and computation capability to finish the payment process. In these environments, any thin client/device may issue a service request to the cloud. For the fast progress of smartphone systems, a smartphone can help the client/device to finish the payment process with the help of the carrier. Although the smart phone may have more storage and computation capability than the client/device, the computation ability is also restricted. In this paper, in order to provide an efficient payment and authentication service framework in the IOT/Cloud environments, we propose a secure and efficient smartphone payment scheme in IoT/Cloud environments. Our proposed scheme can satisfy the properties including low communication and computation cost, no time synchronization problem, unforgeability, non-repudiation, and integrity. Also our scheme can achieve the security requirements including mutual authentication, session key agreement, and preventing all various well-known attacks.
Recent Advances in Instrumentation, Data Acquisition and Testing in Soil Dynamics

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This proceedings, Recent Advances in Instrumentation, Data Acquisition and Testing in Soil Dynamics, consists of papers presented at the ASCE National Convention held in Orlando, Florida, October 20-24, 1991. With the increased capabilities of electronics to handle large masses of sophisticated data, these papers explore several areas of soil dynamics that are affected such as surface wave investigations, in situ liquefaction instrumentation and testing, and laboratory wave velocity tests. The use of these new techniques should improve the ability of the soil dynamics specialist to predict the dynamic behavior of engineered systems.
Morphological Characteristics That Enable Stable and Efficient Walking in Hexapod Robot Driven by Reflex-based Intra-limb Coordination

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Insects exhibit adaptive walking behavior in an unstructured environment, despite having only an extremely small number of neurons (10 5 to 10 6 ). This suggests that not only the brain nervous system but also properties of the physical body, such as the morphological characteristics, play an essential role in generating such adaptive behavior. Our study aims at investigating the effect of body morphological characteristics on the walking performance in a robot model, which is designed to mimic an insect. To this end, we constructed an insect-like hexapod model in a simulation environment that implements a reflex-based intra-limb coordination control. Herein, for a set of walking parameters, which were optimized to maximize the energy efficiency at the target speed, we investigated the effects of changes in the standard posture of the two leg joints on the walking success rate for various initial conditions and cost of transport (CoT) as an index of energy efficiency. Simulation results indicated that robots with specific morphological characteristics similar to those of insects exhibited high gait stability and energetic efficiency. Because only the reflex-based control was employed, the inter-leg coordination occurred spontaneously, suggesting that our approach would lead to a useful design methodology from the perspective of computational cost in generating the walking locomotion.
Inhibitory effect of valves on endothelium-dependent relaxations to calcium ionophore in canine saphenous vein

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study was designed to evaluate endothelium-dependent relaxation to the calcium ionophore A-23187 in isolated canine saphenous veins. Isometric force recordings and cGMP measurements using isolated veins with and without valves were performed. During contractions to U-46619 (3 × 10 −7 M), endothelium-dependent relaxations to A-23187 (10 −9 –10 −6 M) were significantly reduced in rings with valves compared with rings without valves. Endothelial removal abolished A-23187-induced relaxation. Relaxations to forskolin (FK; 10 −8 –10 −5 M) and diethylaminodiazen-1-ium-1,2-dionate; DEA-NONOate, 10 −9 –10 −5 M) were identical in rings with and without valves. In rings without valves, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N G -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; 3 × 10 −4 M), and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (10 −5 M), partially reduced A-23187-induced relaxation. However, in rings with valves,l-NAME had no effect, whereas indomethacin abolished the relaxation to A-23187. A selective soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, 1 H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo [4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 3×10 −6 M), had no effect on the relaxation to A-23187 in either group. In contrast, ODQ abolished the A-23187-induced increase in cGMP levels, suggesting that relaxation to nitric oxide released by A-23187 is independent of increases in cGMP. These results demonstrate that endothelium-dependent relaxation to A-23187 is reduced in regions of veins with valves compared with relaxation in the nonvalvular venous wall. Lower production of nitric oxide in endothelial cells of valvular segments appears to be a mechanism responsible for reduced reactivity to A-23187.
Prey infected with nucleopolyhedrovirus is preferred by the predatory stink bugEocanthecona furcellatawithout altering its field fitness

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

AbstractPreference tests using the hemipteran predator Eocanthecona furcellata Wolff showed that nymphs and adults showed a constant preference towards virus-infected Spodoptera litura larvae. Adults feeding on healthy larvae throughout their life handled and consumed their prey quickly as compared to those feeding on infected prey, the differences being significant. Developmental time, survival rate, pre-mating period, sex-ratio and incubation period of E. furcellata that were reared on experimental plants infested with healthy larvae of S. litura as lifetime prey for all stages (control), healthy larvae during nymphal stage and infected larvae for adult stage, infected larvae for nymphal and healthy larvae for adult stage and infected larvae as lifetime meal for all stages of E. furcellata did not vary significantly. However, a significant reduction in body weight, fecundity, longevity and percent egg hatchability was observed when E. furcellata were fed on infected larvae as lifetime meal. The results revealed that the virus-infected larvae, relative to healthy larvae, had significant effect on prey preference of predators, but feeding on virus-infected prey had no adverse effect on its field fitness except on lifetime meal, which may not hold true under field conditions.Keywords: Eocanthecona furcellataSpodoptera lituranucleopolyhedrovirusprey preferenceconsumption timehandling time AcknowledgementsThe authors are grateful to Dr Annabel and Dr Peter for professional editing of the manuscript and Dr M. Nagata for guidance during the course of investigation. Our sincere thanks are also due to the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for funding and the National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (NBAII) for encouragement and cooperation.
Haematological effect of <i>Tridax procumbens</i> methanolic extract in Wistar rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study seeks to assess the haematological effect of Tridax procumbens methanolic extract (TPME) in Wistar rats. Tridax procumbens is a common procumbent plant with several therapeutic potentials. Forty (40) Wistar rats divided into two (2) sets of twenty-one (21) and eighteen (18) were used. The set of twenty-one (21) rats was used to carry out the acute oral toxicity of the TPME to obtain the LD₅₀ of the extract using the Lorke’s method. The set of eighteen (18) rats was divided into six (6) groups of three (3) rats each. Rats in the first group served as the normal control and received 0.5 mL of distilled water. Rats in the remaining five (5) groups received 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg of TPME per body weight for twenty-eight (28) consecutive days respectively. Haematological indices of blood such as PCV, HCT, HGB, MCH, MCHC, MCV, WBC, LYM, NEUT, MXD, and PLT were measured in the blood sample to evaluate the effect of the extract in the exposed animals. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test was done for all parameters measured. Change in weight of the exposed animals reduced, albeit non-significant (p>0.05). There was a significant increase in neutrophils count, with the highest effects produced by groups that received 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of TPME.There was a non-significant increase of PCV, HCT, HGB, MCH, MCHC, and MCV across the group as well as a non-significant decrease in RBC, WBC, MXD, and lymphocytes counts across the groups (p>0.05). In summary, the result from this study indicates that the administration of TPME may possess some haematinic effect and as such can be investigated further for potential use as a haematinic agent.
Gradient-Based Quantitative Photoacoustic Image Reconstruction for Molecular Imaging

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim in quantitative photoacoustic imaging (QPI) is to recover the spatial distributions of the optical absorption and scattering coefficients from an absorbed energy density distribution (a conventional photoacoustic image). This paper proposes a gradient-based minimisation approach and demonstrates that functional gradients may be calculated efficiently by using a finite element model of light transport based on the diffusion approximation, in conjunction with a related adjoint model. The gradients calculated using this adjoint method are tested against finite-difference estimates, and inversions for the absorption or scattering coefficient distributions (from simulated data) are shown for the case where the other coefficient is known a priori. Simultaneous estimation for both absorption and scattering is ill-posed, and so multiwavelength inversion, in which the specific absorption spectra of the constituent chromophores and the wavelength-dependence of the scatter are known, is proposed as a means of ameliorating the ill-posedness. The unknown parameters are now the spatial variation of the chromphore concentrations and scattering coefficient. It is shown that the functional gradients for both of these can be obtained straightforwardly from the gradients for absorption and scatter and require no significant additional calculations. A simulated example is given in which the distributions of two chromophores with different spectra are recovered from absorbed energy images obtained at multiple wavelengths, when the scattering is assumed known.
Incarceration and subsequent risk of suicide: A statewide cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Increasing suicide rates across the United States are disproportionate among populations most impacted by mass incarceration. We sought to determine if incarceration is associated with risk of suicide and firearm suicide after release from prison. Methods Using a population‐based Washington cohort from Department of Corrections and vital statistics administrative records 1990–2017, individuals were compared to the sex‐, age‐, and race‐matched population of Washington using Poisson regression. Among previously incarcerated individuals, we included incarceration history characteristics to calculate sub‐hazard ratios using Cox proportional‐hazards models. Results Of 140,281 individuals released from prison, 484 died by suicide. Suicide risk was 62% higher among previously incarcerated individuals compared with the general population (RR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.46–1.79). Suicide risk was higher among individuals convicted of firearm‐involved crimes (RR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.79–2.89). Individuals released prior to age 18 had substantially higher risk of firearm suicide than those whose first release occurred between ages 18–24 (sHR: 11.91; 95% CI: 4.30–32.96). Conclusion Our findings highlight the need for improved mental health resources and lethal means safety in this population. Mental health and substance use treatment have been proposed as effective alternatives to incarceration—continuing to study their impacts may reveal additional benefits of reducing suicide.
Understanding mechanical size effects in metallic microwires : synergy between experiment and simulation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polycrystalline metallic microwires produced by cold-drawing exhibit significant mechanical strength that make them ideal candidates for reinforcement of composites. Previous studies on polycrystalline pure nickel wires have indicated a significant size dependence of their yield and tensile strength as well as their ductility. The aim of this study is to understand these size effects by in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) simulations. In-situ monotonous and cyclic tensile tests under synchrotron radiation were carried on microwires with diameters ranging from 100 to 40 µm. The commercially obtained 100µm as-drawn wires exhibit a core-shell architecture with <111> fiber texture dominant in core and heterogeneous dual fiber texture <111> and <100> in the shell. Reduction of specimen size by electropolishing leads to wires having a homogeneous microstructure, whereas reduction of specimen size by further cold drawing leads to wires with a sharper texture while retaining the core-shell architecture.The yield and tensile strength of the electropolished wires increase with decreasing diameter, whereas the ductility decrease with decreasing diameter. In the case of cold-drawn wires, the yield and tensile strength, and also the ductility was observed to increase with decreasing diameter. The XRD analysis indicates successive yielding of grain families under iso-strain condition. The gradient in the texture of the microwire was seen to activate deformation mechanisms which are not seen for microwires with homogeneous texture. To understand the influence of different microstructural parameters, and notably the influence of crystallographic texture, 3D representative microstructure was generated and CPFE simulations were carried out. The simulated average behavior of different grain families (<111>, <100>) agrees well with the experimental results. The CPFE simulations indicate heterogeneity in stress field across the microstructure in the presence of a gradient in crystallographic texture.We show that the microstructure engineering of micro-texture components (single- or dual-texture) and their spatial spread (homogenous or architectured) can be used as design guidelines for obtaining optimal microstructure in accordance with desired set of mechanical properties.
Polyamidoamine dendrimer decorated graphene oxide as a pH-sensitive nanocarrier for the delivery of hydrophobic anticancer drug quercetin: a remedy for breast cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer decorated graphene oxide (GO) based nanocarrier for targeted delivery of a hydrophobic anticancer drug, quercetin (QSR). Methods GO-PAMAM was successfully synthesized by covalent bonding between GO and NH2-terminated PAMAM dendrimer (zero generation). To investigate drug loading performance, QSR was loaded on the surface of GO as well as GO-PAMAM. Further, the release behaviour of QSR-loaded GO-PAMAM was studied. Finally, an in-vitro sulforhodamine B assay was performed in HEK 293T epithelial cells and MDA MB 231 breast cancer cells. Key findings It was observed that GO-PAMAM shows higher QSR loading capacity compared to GO. Also, synthesized nanocarrier exhibits controlled as well as pH-responsive release of QSR and the amount of QSR released at pH 4 was approximately two times higher than the release at pH 7.4. Furthermore, GO-PAMAM was found to be biocompatible for HEK 293T cells, and a high cytotoxic effect was observed for QSR-loaded GO-PAMAM on MDA MB 231 cells. Conclusions The present investigation highlights the potential application of synthesized hybrid materials as a nanocarrier with excellent loading and controlled releasing efficiency for the delivery of the hydrophobic anticancer drug.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylic Tin(IV)‐Tin(II) Chloride‐Acetonitrile as a Novel System for Allylation of Carbonyls or Imines.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Inhibitor of Differentiation-1 as a Novel Prognostic Factor in NSCLC Patients with Adenocarcinoma Histology and Its Potential Contribution to Therapy Resistance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Figure 5 from Inhibitor of Differentiation-1 as a Novel Prognostic Factor in NSCLC Patients with Adenocarcinoma Histology and Its Potential Contribution to Therapy Resistance
Biological and Thrombolytic Properties of Proenzyme and Active Forms of Human Urokinase – IV. Variability in Fibrinolytic Response of Plasma of Several Mammalian Species

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary The fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic properties of recombinant pro-urokinase (Rec-pro-UK) and recombinant urokinase (Rec- UK) were compared with those of natural urokinase (Nat-UK) and of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in an in vitro system consisting of 125I-labeled autologous plasma clots immersed in plasma of humans, five primate species, dogs, rabbits and pigs. With each of the four plasminogen activators, a dose-dependent clot lysis was observed, the degree of which differed, however, very markedly from one species to the other. At a concentration of 100 IU/ml of urokinase extensive plasma clot lysis was obtained in plasma of man, Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis and Macaca radiata, while the plasma clots of Papio cynocephalus, Papio anubis and rabbit, dog and pig were much more resistant to lysis. No significant differences in the extent of lysis were observed between Rec-pro-UK and Rec-UK nor between Rec-UK and Nat-UK. Comparable degrees of lysis were obtained with t-PA at 3- to 5-fold lower concentrations. Lysis with Rec-UK or Nat-UK was always associated with extensive activation of the fibrinolytic system in plasma, evidenced by fibrinogen breakdown and plasminogen activation and a2-antiplasmin consumption. With t-PA, extensive clot lysis was obtained in the absence of fibrinolytic activation in the plasma. With Rec-pro-UK the response was intermediate; at high concentrations (200 IU/ ml) extensive lysis in the reactive species was associated with fibrinogen consumption, while at intermediate concentrations (50-100 IU/ml) significant clot lysis was obtained in the reactive species in the absence of marked activation of the fibrinolytic system in the plasma.
Screening of the Physiological Activity of Solvent Extracts of Paulownia coreana Bark and Antioxidative Effect of the Extracts on an Edible Oil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Paulownia coreana is a medicinal, edible and industrial plant with the largest leaf, and is native to Korea. We evaluated the reducing power activities, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities (RSAs), nitrite scavenging activities (NSAs) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation RSAs by solvent extraction of P. coreana bark by using $50^{\circ}C$ hot water and $25^{\circ}C$ methanol. The antioxidative effect of P. coreana bark extract on corn seed oil was evaluated using the Rancimat test. The extraction yields on dry weight basis with 15 folds of hot water and methanol were 23.88% and 5.30%, respectively; further the flavonoid content in the hot water extract was over 2.5 times more than that in the methanol extract. The DPPH RSA of the methanol extract was substantially higher than that of the water extract, whereas the NSA of the water extract was higher than that of the methanol extract at pH 1.2. The ABTS RSAs of the two extracts were almost the same as that of ascorbic acid and 2,6-ditertiarybutyl hydroxytoluene. The two extracts of P. coreana bark in this study were found to slightly improve the oxidation stability of corn seed oil.
A simple access to ionic liquids using N-substituted imidazole derivatives from Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Over the years, the imidazole nucleus has attracted considerable interest due to their chemical and biological properties. Imidazole ring is part of the structure of various natural products and drugs. In chemistry are employed as ligand, catalysts for chemical reactions and also as a starting material for the synthesis of ionic liquids. Ionic liquids have an important role in organic synthesis, are used as solvents and catalysts, exerting a profound effect on activity and selectivity of different chemical reactions. In this work, we report an approach to the synthesis of ionic liquids using N-substituted imidazole from Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts.