jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Aplicação para o Rastreio de Contactos de Infectados por Coronavírus em Angola

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In recent months, humanity is faced with an enormous challenge, the spread of the new coronavirus. The outbreak was classified as a pandemic and measures to contain it has a high priority. In the presence of local or community circulation of the virus, it is important for control strategies to reconstitute the chain of contacts established during a period determined by the infected individuals, their contacts and, sometimes, those suspected of contamination or risk cases. This procedure is complex and is supported by the use of the investigated people's memory, requiring considerable effort. Technology can be an important aid in this domain, opening up the question of how current technological devices can help in the desired contact tracing. The aim of this work is to develop an application that performs digital contact tracing of individuals infected with coronavirus in the Angolan context, issuing alerts to people at risk due to proximity exposure to other infected individuals. The application will run on the Android platform, based on modern programming resources and will implement the strictest privacy and individual rights protection standards, adopting a decentralized model, based on the DP3T protocol. As a result, a prototype of a system integrated by two components, a mobile application and a support server, was implemented. In the tests carried out, it was verified that it allows the execution of the desired basic functionalities.
Role of GSK-3 in Cardiac Health: Focusing on Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase and was first identified as a regulator of glycogen synthase enzyme and glucose homeostasis. It regulates cellular processes like cell proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis and development. Recent findings suggest that GSK-3 is required to maintain the normal cardiac homeostasis that regulates cardiac development, proliferation, hypertrophy and fibrosis. GSK-3 is expressed as two isoforms, α and β. The role of GSK-3α and GSK-3β in cardiac biology is well documented. Both isoforms have common as well as isoform-specific functions. Human data also suggests that GSK-3β is downregulated in hypertrophy and heart failure and acts as a negative regulator. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3α and GSK-3β leads to endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration via the upregulation of cell cycle regulators, which results in cell cycle re-entry and DNA synthesis. It was found that cardiac-specific knockout (KO) of GSK-3α retained cardiac function, inhibited cardiovascular remodelling and restricted scar expansion during ischemia. Further, knockout of GSK-3α decreases cardiomyocyte apoptosis and enhances its proliferation. However, GSK-3β KO also results in hypertrophic myopathy due to cardiomyocyte hyper-proliferation. Thus GSK-3 inhibitors are named as a double-edged sword because of their beneficial and off-target effects. This review focuses on the isoform-specific functions of GSK-3 that will help in better understanding the role of GSK-3α and GSK-3β in cardiac biology and pave the way for the development of new isoform-specific GSK-3 modulator for the treatment of ischemic heart disease, cardiac regeneration and heart failure.
Electron-Beam-Induced Luminescence Studies of Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Structures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Cathodoluminescence (CL) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) or the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is a very useful tool for the characterization of low-dimensional semiconductor structures. To obtain spatial resolution, the SEM/STEM provides a highly focused electron beam that can be positioned at specific sites to obtain spot mode spectra. The beam can also be scanned over the sample to record images or to obtain spatially averaged spectra. The normal facilities of the SEM/STEM (e.g., topographical imaging and X-ray analysis) can be used to identify regions of interest as well as to avoid artifacts. Typical artifacts include dust particles or fragments of the substrate lying on the surface, scratches, and cracks on the surface. The technique has inherently a potential for submicron resolution, depending on the experimental conditions and the sample [1,2]. Such resolution can be applied to large areas, limited primarily by the field of view of the light collection optics, which is typically 100 × 100 μm2. Larger areas can be easily accessed by using the precision positioning system of the SEM/STEM, where the size of the sample is limited by the size of the sample holder. This varies from system to system: In the SEM, generally sample sizes of up to 50 × 50 mm2 can be used, whereas in the STEM, the samples are often limited by the 3 mm diameter of the STEM sample holder.
Arsitektur Vernakular yang Mendukung Pembangunan Berkelanjutan di Kampung Adat Tamkesi Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Title: Vernacular Architecture that Supports Sustainable Development in the Tamkesi Traditional Village, North Central Timor Regency Indonesia has a wealth of diverse vernacular architecture. Still, in this era of openness to information and outside cultures, it seems the uniqueness of this architecture has become neglected and threatened with loss. Amid the external-internal influences that cause changes in the archipelago's vernacular buildings, the Atoni tribe in the Tamkesi traditional village responds otherwise. This paper examines how the indigenous Atoni people maintain the authenticity and sustainability of the Tamkesi traditional village, its architecture, and their involvement in sustainable development. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods, while analysis techniques are carried out by coordinating data collection techniques through books, journals, articles, and an understanding of the theory of vernacular architecture and sustainable development. Based on the results of the analysis show that the Tamkesi traditional village is one of the oldest villages on the island of Timor, East Nusa Tenggara, which is still sustainable today and has developed from generation to generation based on the concept of local cultural wisdom and harmonization with nature.
The Use of Genetics and Immunology in the Diagnosis and Care of Advanced Coccidioidomycosis: Where Are We Going?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coccidioidomycosis (CM) is an endemic disease in the western United States, northern Mexico, and Central and South America. The severity of coccidioidal infection is highly variable, with potential factors including comorbidities and the patient’s innate and adaptive immune response. Based on data from a predominantly healthy and mainly Caucasian male survey conducted nearly a century ago, approximately 60% of infections are asymptomatic, with an estimated 40% of people experiencing some respiratory symptoms; with 10% of those diagnosed with CM. Disseminated disease occurs in approximately 1% of cases and can involve the meninges and, potentially, any place in the body. It is not yet fully understood why some people experience severe disease while many people do not; it is understood that the immune response has a major role. Immunomodulators, including dupilumab and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), have shown promise in treating patients with disseminated infection. This article summarizes the latest genetic and immunologic evidence demonstrating immune dysfunction. Immunomodulators and potential therapeutic strategies based on the above are reviewed.
Kaizen Implementation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The use of the lean philosophy in healthcare environments has been reported in different countries, both in the private and the public sectors. However, there is not much information on how to apply the Kaizen concept to healthcare services, notably in hospitals and emergency services, which are increasingly challenging environments given the aging of the world population and the degradation of human conditions in several countries. Existing publications on the topic expose different forms of Kaizen use in healthcare services, which may cause misunderstanding and confusion. This chapter describes and brings light to the Kaizen approach in lean implementations and discusses its challenges, barriers, and success factors using a case study of a non-governmental organization (NGO) that started its lean journey with Kaizen implementation in late 2019. It also describes strategies to use it according to up-to-date publications and presents the benefits, the challenges, and the framework to successfully implement Kaizen.
Analysis of the preference shift of customer brand selection among multiple genres and its matrix structure

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

It is often observed that consumers select upper class brand when they buy next time. Suppose that former buying data and current buying data are gathered. Also suppose that upper brand is located upper in the variable array. Then transition matrix becomes upper triangular matrix under the supposition that former buying variables are set input and current buying variables are set output. Takeyasu et al. (2007) analyzed the brand selection and its matrix structure before. In that paper, products of one genre are analyzed. In this paper, brand selection among multiple genres and its matrix structure are analyzed. For example, there is a case that customer selects bracelet or earrings besides selecting upper brand of necklace she already has. Such cases often happen. Analyzing such structure provides useful applications. Unless planner for products does not notice its brand position whether it is upper or lower than other products, matrix structure makes it possible to identify those by calculating consumers' activities for brand selection. Thus, this proposed approach enables to make effective marketing plan and/or establishing new brand.
Microscopic Models of the Stratum Corneum: What Can They Tell Us About Adult and Infant Skin Barriers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Accurate, predictive computer models for transdermal transport could greatly reduce the need for human and animal testing and elucidate the mechanisms behind observed transport behavior. In this talk, I will focus on 2D microscopic in silico models of the human stratum corneum (SC), which typically represent the SC as corneocytes bricks embedded in a lipid bilayer mortar. Microscopic SC model output is highly dependent on idealized SC geometry, transport pathway (transcellular vs. intercellular), and solute transport parameters (e.g. solute diffusivity in lipids). We have developed a microscopic finite element model (FEM) and employed it for two main purposes: 1) to examine the model output’s sensitivity to a variety of solute transport parameters reported in the literature, variations in geometry, transport pathway, and hydration level, and 2) to examine potential geometric variations that give rise to the differences in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) between infants and adults. Our adult solute transport model results show that model predictions vary widely based on input parameters, with order-of-magnitude differences in lag times and permeabilities for different structure, hydration, and parameter combinations, indicating that experimentally-verified transport parameters and individualized SC structures are necessary for fully predictive models. Our infant and adult TEWL model results indicate that experimentally-observed higher TEWL values in infants as compared to adults is likely caused by fewer corneocyte layers in infant SC as compared to adult SC.
The elements of seasonal adaptations in insects

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The many components of seasonal adaptations in insects are reviewed, especially from the viewpoint of aspects that must be studied in order to understand the structure and purposes of the adaptations. Component responses include dispersal, habitat selection, habitat modification, resistance to cold, dryness, and food limitation, trade-offs, diapause, modifications of developmental rate, sensitivity to environmental signals, life-cycle patterns including multiple alternatives in one species, and types of variation in phenology and development. Spatial, temporal, and resource elements of the environment are also reviewed, as are environmental signals, supporting the conclusion that further understanding of all of these seasonal responses requires detailed simultaneous study of the natural environments that drive the patterns of response.
Dynamics of egg production of the cestode Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824) (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) and the concept of fecundity in helminths.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The dynamics of egg production of the tapeworm D. dendriticum has been estimated experimentally in nestlings of the herring gull Larus argentatus per day and per reproductive period. Numbers of eggs in strobilae have been estimated for the maturation period. Mean egg production, of one tapeworm per day (10.42 +/- 2.72 mln) is two orders of magnitude as high as the maximal number of eggs in a mature strobila (0.206 +/- 0.007). It is proposed to estimate the coefficient of reproduction intensity as the ratio of egg output per unit of time and maximum egg numbers in a mature strobila.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrooptical Investigation of the Potential Drop at III/V Semiconductor/Electrolyte Interfaces.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The semiconductor/electrolyte junctions are studied for n‐type InP, GaAs, and Ga 0.47 In 0.53 As in aqueous (HClO 4 , NaClO 4 , KOH) and nonaqueous (NaClO 4 propylene carbonate) electrolytes using electrolyte electroreflectance as an in situ technique to determine the distribution of potential and energy states at the interface.
Evaluation of an object-based data model implemented over a proprietary, legacy data model.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Most computerized medical information today is contained in legacy systems. As vendors slowly move to open systems, legacy systems remain in use and contain valuable information. This paper evaluates the use of an object model imposed on an existing database to improve the ease with which data can be accessed. This study demonstrates that data elements can be retrieved without specific programming knowledge of the underlying data structure. It also suggests that underlying data structures can be changed without updating application code. Programs written using the object model were easier to program but ran greater than one order of magnitude slower than traditionally coded programs. In this paper, the legacy information system is introduced, the methods used to implement and evaluate the object-based data model are explained, and the results and conclusions are presented.
ZmZHOUPI, an endosperm‐specific basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor involved in maize seed development

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary In angiosperm seeds the embryo is embedded within the endosperm, which is in turn enveloped by the seed coat, making inter‐compartmental communication essential for coordinated seed growth. In this context the basic helix–loop–helix domain transcription factor At ZHOUPI (At ZOU ) fulfils a key role in both the lysis of the transient endosperm and in embryo cuticle formation in Arabidopsis thaliana . In maize ( Zea mays ), a cereal with a persistent endosperm, a single gene, Zm ZOU , falls into the same phylogenetic clade as At ZOU . Its expression is limited to the endosperm where it peaks during the filling stage. In Zm ZOU ‐ RNA interference knock‐down lines embryo size is slightly reduced and the embryonic suspensor and the adjacent embryo surrounding region show retarded breakdown. Ectopic expression of Zm ZOU reduces stomatal number, possibly due to inappropriate protein interactions. Zm ZOU forms functional heterodimers with At ICE /At SCREAM and the closely related maize proteins Zm ICE b and Zm ICE c, but its interaction is more efficient with the Zm ICE a protein, which shows sequence divergence and only has close homologues in other monocotyledonous species. Consistent with the observation that these complexes can trans‐ activate target gene promoters from Arabidopsis, Zm ZOU partially complements the Atzou‐4 mutant. However, structural, trans ‐activation and gene expression data support the hypothesis that Zm ZOU and Zm ICE a may have coevolved to form a functional complex unique to monocot seeds. This divergence may explain the reduced functionality of Zm ZOU in Arabidopsis, and reflect functional specificities which are unique to the monocotyledon lineage.
The Role of Sugar Substituents in Glycoside Hydrolysis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A series of monosubstituted deoxy and deoxyfluoro 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) β-d-glycopyranosides\nwas synthesized and used to probe the mechanism of spontaneous β-glycoside hydrolysis. Their relative rates\nof hydrolysis followed the order 2-deoxy > 4-deoxy > 3-deoxy ≈ 6-deoxy > parent > 6-deoxy-6-fluoro >\n3-deoxy-3-fluoro > 4-deoxy-4-fluoro > 2-deoxy-2-fluoro. Hammett correlations of the pH-independent\nhydrolysis rates of each of the 6-, 4-, 3-, and 2-position substituted glycosides with the σ<sub>I</sub> value for the sugar\nring substituent were linear (<i>r</i> = 0.95 to 0.999, ρ<sub>I</sub> = −2.2 to −10.7), consistent with hydrolysis rates being\nlargely dictated by field effects on an electron-deficient transition state. The relative rates of hydrolysis of the\nDNP glucosides can be rationalized on the basis of the stabilities of the oxocarbenium ion-like transition\nstates, as predicted by the Kirkwood−Westheimer model. The primary determinant of the rate of hydrolysis\nwithin a series appears to be the field effect of the ring substituent on O5, the principal center of charge\ndevelopment at the transition state. Differences in the rates of hydrolysis between different <i>series</i> of\nhexopyranosides may not arise solely from field effects and likely also reflect differences in steric factors or\nsolvation.
An Investigation of Attention Allocation during Sequential Eye Movement Tasks

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Allocation of visuo-spatial attention during dynamic viewing was investigated with a dual task. Primary tasks (reading, scanning, searching) all required sequential left-to-right eye movements. An additional speeded manual response was made to a visual probe that appeared early or late after the onset of a randomly determined fixation (25 or 170 msec probe delay). The probe appeared to the left, directly above, or to the right of the currently fixated character (-10, -5, 0, +5, or +10 characters probe eccentricity). Faster probe detection near the location of the forthcoming eye fixation was found in the search task, but not during reading or scanning. Fixation times increased and saccade lengths decreased as a consequence of probing in all three tasks. Fixations were, however, less prolonged when the probe appeared in the right than when it appeared in the left hemifield, and saccades were greatest when the probe appeared at +10 characters. The results extend the notion of goal-directed attention shifts to free viewing and highlight the impact of task-specific processing requirements.
The Black Carpet Beetle, Attagenus piceus (Oliv.)*

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article The Black Carpet Beetle, Attagenus piceus (Oliv.) Get access E. A. Back, E. A. Back U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. T. Cotton R. T. Cotton U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 31, Issue 2, 1 April 1938, Pages 280–286, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/31.2.280 Published: 01 April 1938
Grain Growth in the Nanocrystalline W–Cu and Cu–Pb Composite Powders Prepared by Mechanical Alloying

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The thermal behavior of the nanocrystalline W–Cu and Cu–Pb powders was investigated in order to gain thermal stability information for further application and also to elucidate the grain growth kinetics in an immiscible alloy system. The nanocrystalline alloy powders were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) and characterized. Thermal behavior of this nanocrystalline alloy was analysed by DSC, XRD, SEM, TEM and EXAFS. The time exponent n and the activation energy for grain growth were determined from the grain size data. The nanocrystalline W, Cu and Pb have revealed lower n values than the polycrystalline ones. The activation energy of the nanocrystalline W, Cu, and Pb grain growth in MAW–Cu and Cu–Pb powders is 186.5 ± 1.0, 55.6 ±10.5 and 42.0 ± 3.9 kJ/mol, respectively. The melting point suppression of Pb crystalline embedded in Cu matrix in MA Cu–Pb powders can be estimated. On the basis of the grain growth parameter obtained in this study and available data in the literature, the grain growth features and kinetics in the nonequilibrium state of the immiscible alloy system are discussed.
Predictors of Feelings of Anxiety in Graduate Allied Health Students: An Exploratory Study.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to take a multi-domain approach to predict feelings of anxiety among graduate allied health students. Participants (n=77) from a small university in upstate New York completed a series of questionnaires [International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form (IPAQ-SF), Rapid Eating Assessment of Participants-Short Form (REAP-S), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI), Profile of Mood Survey-Short Form (POMS-SF), Trait and State Mental and Physical Energy and Fatigue Survey], and their resting metabolic rate, fat free mass and muscle oxygen saturation levels were measured. A backwards linear regression was used to identify predictors of anxiety. Our model predicted 28.1% of variance with women reporting greater feelings of anxiety. Poor sleep quality, increased sedentary behavior, and low trait physical energy were all significant predictors of increased feelings anxiety. Our results suggest that educators should attempt to reduce in class sitting time and promote better sleep hygiene. Additionally, researchers should examine barriers and burdens female students face that increase feelings of anxiety.
Contingent Presences in Architecture: Vitruvian Theory as a Beginning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper claims that architecture is a contingent discipline, despite the fact that its contingency has long been denied through a retreat to Vitruvian writing. It is evident that contingency is rejected not only by architecture but also by modernity as a whole. Vitruvius attempted to cover the entire field of architecture in a systematic form in order to bring the whole body of this great discipline to a complete order. The legacy of his theory hitherto lasted not only that it is the only major work on the architecture of Classical Antiquity to have survived, but also that its conformity with the project of modernity. In the scope of the paper, it will be argued that contingency should be taken into account rather than avoided as a potential threat.