jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Physical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis of poly(L‐lactide)–TiO2 composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Amorphous poly( L ‐lactide) (PLLA) composite films with titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) particles were prepared by solution‐casting using methylene chloride as a solvent, followed by quenching from the melt. The effects of surface treatment, volume fraction, size, and crystalline type of the TiO 2 particles on the mechanical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis of the composite films were investigated. The tensile strength of the PLLA composite films containing TiO 2 particles except for anatase‐type ones with a mean particle size of 0.3–0.5 μm was lowered and the Young's modulus became higher with increasing the content of TiO 2 particles. The tensile strength of the composite films containing anatase‐type TiO 2 with a mean particle size of 0.3–0.5 μm at contents of 20 wt % or less was almost the same as that of the pure PLLA film. The enzymatic hydrolysis of PLLA matrix was accelerated by the addition of the hydrophilic anatase‐type TiO 2 particles (nontreated or Al 2 O 3 treated) with a mean particle size of 0.3–0.5 μm at relatively high contents such as 20 wt %. On the other hand, the enzymatic hydrolysis of PLLA matrix was inhibited by composite formation with the hydrophobic rutile‐type TiO 2 particles (Al 2 O 3 ‐stearic acid treated, or ZrO 2 ‐Al 2 O 3 ‐stearic acid treated). These results suggest that the mechanical properties and enzymatic hydrolyzability of the PLLA can be controlled by the kind and amount of the added TiO 2 particles. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 190–199, 2005
The Buffering Role of Social Support on the Relationship between Job Stress and Intention to Leave

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to test the buffering role of social support on the relationship \nbetween job stress and intention to leave through investigating different aspects of job \nstressors and support sources. Participants were 116 white-collar employees from \nvarious sectors in Turkey. The results indicate that supervisor support has reverse \nbuffering effects on the relationship between “role and work overload” and “role \ninsufficiency” with “intention to leave.” Also, coworker support has a reverse buffering \neffect on the relationship between “role and work overload” and “intention to leave.” \nThis study is important since it demonstrates that the moderating role of social support \nmay vary for distinct job stressors.
On Using Selectional Restriction in Language Models for Speech Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate the use of selectional restriction -- the constraints a predicate imposes on its arguments -- in a language model for speech recognition. We use an un-tagged corpus, followed by a public domain tagger and a very simple finite state machine to obtain verb-object pairs from unrestricted English text. We then measure the impact the knowledge of the verb has on the prediction of the direct object in terms of the perplexity of a cluster-based language model. The results show that even though a clustered bigram is more useful than a verb-object model, the combination of the two leads to an improvement over the clustered bigram model.
[Use of the preparation Essenciale in chronic ischemic heart disease].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The efficacy of the drug "essentiale" is discussed on the basis of observation over 34 patients suffering from ischemic heart disease with functional hepatic insufficiency and types IIa and IIb hyperlipoproteinemia. Its normalizing effect on the indices of lipid metabolism the flow of blood in the leg and foot, the vascular tone, and liver function is shwon.
Attenuated Innate Immunity in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells as a Self‐Protective Mechanism for Early Embryogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been intensively studied as a promising cell source for regenerative medicine. However, their immunological property is an important yet poorly understood issue in the therapeutic application of ESCs and in developmental biology. Innate immune responses are critical defense mechanisms that are well‐developed in somatic cells, however, a series of our recent studies demonstrated that ESCs are deficient in innate immune responses to viral/bacterial infections and inflammatory cytokines. These findings raised an intriguing question about the rationale for ESCs, the progenitors of all tissue cells, to not have an innate immunity that has adapted so well in somatic cells. Immune and inflammatory responses have been viewed as a double‐edged sword. On the one hand, they defend the organism against pathogens; on the other hand, they can cause collateral damage to the tissue cells, such as cell cycle inhibition and even cell death. From this perspective, we hypothesize that the attenuated innate immunity could be a self‐protective mechanism for ESCs to avoid the cytotoxic effect of immune/inflammatory responses. To test this hypothesis, we differentiated ESCs to fibroblast‐like cells (ESC‐FBs), which have gained partial innate immunity. In comparative analyses, we exposed ESCs and ESC‐FBs to several inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IFNγ), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the conditioned medium collected from LPS‐stimulated macrophages, and heat killed bacteria. The effects were assessed by cell viability analysis and the induction of inflammatory genes. In all conditions tested, ESCs were less susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of the inflammatory insults and showed diminished induction of inflammatory genes than ESC‐FBs. At the molecular level, the signaling pathways that mediate the effects of LPS, TNFα and IFNγ are mostly defective in ESCs. We conclude that the attenuated innate immune responses could be an adaptive mechanism for ESCs to avoid the cytotoxicity caused by immune reactions resulting from embryo implantation or pathogen infection at the early stage of embryogenesis. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R15GM109299 and R15GM128196 (to Y‐L. G.). We thank Mississippi‐INBRE for the use of the imaging facility, funded by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant number P20GM103476 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Geometry of the Algebraic Riccati Equation, Part I

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We synthesize and generalize the two principal methods for classifying the set of real symmetric solutions of the algebraic Riccati equation (ARE) to obtain a result which combines the advantages of both existing methods. The geometric approach we take also clarifies the roles of controllability and observability in the theory of the ARE. In addition, we discuss the properties of a special subset of the solution set of the ARE, the unmixed solutions, and find that they exhibit many of the same properties as the extremal solutions, $K^ + $ and $K^ - $.
Endogenous retroviral promoter exaptation in human cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cancer arises from a series of genetic and epigenetic changes, which result in abnormal expression or mutational activation of oncogenes, as well as suppression/inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Aberrant expression of coding genes or long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with oncogenic properties can be caused by translocations, gene amplifications, point mutations or other less characterized mechanisms. One such mechanism is the inappropriate usage of normally dormant, tissue-restricted or cryptic enhancers or promoters that serve to drive oncogenic gene expression. Dispersed across the human genome, endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) provide an enormous reservoir of autonomous gene regulatory modules, some of which have been co-opted by the host during evolution to play important roles in normal regulation of genes and gene networks. This review focuses on the “dark side” of such ERV regulatory capacity. Specifically, we discuss a growing number of examples of normally dormant or epigenetically repressed ERVs that have been harnessed to drive oncogenes in human cancer, a process we term onco-exaptation, and we propose potential mechanisms that may underlie this phenomenon.
Realtime speech processing for automated cue-generation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Here have been great efforts made in the development of automated Instrumentation system for speech recognition (AISR) to provide a two-way communication between deaf and vocal people. This system performance achievable with the output of current real-time speech recognition systems would be extremely poor relative to normal speech reception. An alternate application of AISR technology to aid the hearing impaired would derive cues from the acoustical speech signal that could be used to supplement speechreading. We propose a study of highly trained receivers of speech signal that indicates that nearly perfect reception of everyday connected speech materials can be achieved at near normal speaking rates. To understand the accuracy that might be achieved with automatically generated cue symbols for visual representation. The system uses (HMM) for recognition of voiced data & Euclidian distance approach for sign language. The proposed task is a complementary work to the ongoing research work for recognizing the finger movement of a vocally disabled person to speech signal called. A New communication Paradigm: "Action-To-Speech".
PGPR and vermicompost with reduced chemical fertilizer enhances biodiesel production, nutrient uptake and improve oil composition of rapeseed grown under water deficit stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, we investigated the impact of different irrigation regimes and fertilizer treatments on the yield, oil composition, and biodiesel production of rapeseed (Brassica napus). The experiment was conducted over two years (2020–2021) using a split-plot design. The main plots were assigned four irrigation regimes (70, 100, 130, and 160 mm evaporation), while the sub-plots were allocated five fertilizer treatments (no fertilizer, chemical fertilizers, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation, vermicompost, and a combination of fertilizers). Our findings indicate that water limitation decreased the nutrient content, grain weight, oil content, and yield of rapeseed. However, it also increased the oleic acid, oleic/(linoleic+linolenic) ratio, and biodiesel yield. The use of chemical fertilizers negatively impacted the quality of rapeseed oil. In contrast, PGPR inoculation, particularly in combination with other fertilizers, increased the grain yield, oil content, and quality, as well as biodiesel production by improving nutrient uptake. An integrated fertilizer management approach can enhance the yield and quality of rapeseed oil while minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers. This approach promotes sustainable production in arid and semi-arid regions. Our research led to a 67% reduction in chemical fertilizer usage while increasing biodiesel production. Furthermore, our study highlights the significance of using PGPR and vermicompost in combination to improve the nutritional uptake and oil composition of rapeseed. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into optimizing irrigation and fertilizer management for rapeseed cultivation. These insights have implications for sustainable agriculture practices in similar environments.
HIGH-ACCURACY DRIFT CHAMBERS AND THEIR USE IN STRONG MAGNETIC FIELDS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A method is proposed that allows the construction of drift multiwire proportional chambers with adjustable electric field suitable for the detection of high-energy charged particles in strong magnetic fields. Typical measured accuracies go from 50 to 200 μm, varying with the drift length, at 16 kG. The simple mechanical construction allows the wire distance to be adapted to the expected counting rate, even in the same chamber. Furthermore, the advantages of a current division method to obtain both orthogonal coordinates from the same wire are discussed.
Productive, Relational and Everywhere? Conceptualising Power and Resistance within Foucauldian Feminism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper critically explores the ways in which power has been conceptualised within Foucauldian feminism. I focus on two facets within this framework: power as productive and power as relational. Although Foucauldian feminism combines both, tensions between them exist, particularly when it comes to understanding resistance. I argue for the need to focus on a productive or generative paradigm of power which perceives power neutrally as neither inherently oppressive nor liberatory, yet with the capacity to be both. In this way, power can be conceived of as ubiquitous and trans-historical without inhibiting the possibilities for social change.
A Study on the Role of the Intestinal MAdCAM-1/alpha4beta7 Axis in Tumor Immunosurveillance During PD-1 Blockade

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Les antibiotiques (ATB) inhibent l'efficacite anti-tumorale du blocage de PD1, mais les mecanismes sous-jacents a leurs effets immunosuppresseurs demeurent inconnus. Nous montrons ici que les ATB favorisent l'accumulation des cellules T FoxP3+ et RORct+ a4b7hi dans les ganglions lymphatiques et les lesions tumorales. Les ATB induisent la perte de l'adressine MadCAM-1 ileale provoquant la recirculation des lymphocytes T regulateurs et TH17 α4β7hi de l’ileon vers le microenvironnement tumoral (TME). Cette migration a ete visualisee grâce a 2 methodes, la premiere consiste en l’ injection directe de carboxyfluoresceine succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dans les ganglions lymphatiques mesenteriques des souris porteuses de tumeurs, l’autre utilise des souris transgeniques Kaede contenant une proteine flurorescente photoconvertible. Les heterodimeres d'adressine MAdCAM-1 et d'integrine α4β7 sont indispensables pour l'efficacite anti-tumorale et dans l'immuno-surveillance induite par les anticorps anti-PD1. L’utilisation de modeles knock-out de MadCAM-1 ou d’ anticorps bloquant son ligand α4β7, compromettent l’efficacite anticancereuse du blocage du PD1 ceci en mobilisant les cellules enterotropes α4β7hi Treg et TH17 vers le TME et inversement, en reduisant le retour du Treg du TME vers l'intestin. L’inhibition de la voie MadCAM-1 au niveau ileal reduit simultanement les lymphocytes CCR5+ effecteurs et memoires dans le tissu tumoral. Ces resultats demontrent l’existence d’un lien mecanistique entre la dysbiose intestinale et l'efficacite du traitement anti- tumoral, l’importance de l'axe intestin-tumeur dans l’ immunosurveillance du cancer et ouvre des perspectives d’application clinique pour cibler la voie MAdCAM-1 α4β7+ .
"Just a Litte Bit of Cheeky Ribaldry"?: Newsroom \ndiscourses of sexually harassing \nbehaviour

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper is concerned with how Australian print news media journalists, male and female, \nremember, talk about, experience, acknowledge, condemn, and/or deny sexually harassing \nbehaviour in the newsroom. A total of seventeen in-depth, semi-structured interviews were \nconducted with eight male and nine female journalists in late 2003 and early 2004. The \ninterviewees ranged in age from 19 to 56 and differed in levels of industry experience. The \ninterviews were not set up to specifically discuss sexually harassing behaviour in the newsroom; \nhowever it was a theme that arose in seven of the interviews about newsroom culture, my broader \nPhD project. The female interviewees make clear their encounters are constant reminders of how \ntheir bodies do not “fit” and/or where and how they do fit in this occupation. This is the case, even \nthough some women do not use the term “sexual harassment” to describe the behaviour that \nclearly constitutes it under Australian government legislation. The two male journalists interviewed \nwho mentioned harassment talk about it in defence of accepted office behaviour, or in passing \nabout procedural business policy. The use of the term “sexual harassment,” or lack of its use, also \ntells us about the place of feminism and/or feminist inspired government legislation in journalism’s \noccupational culture.
Storability studies in sweet orange cv. Phule Mosambi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The investigation was conducted in Factorial Completely Randomized Design with two factors- chemicals (Salicylic Acid @ 400 ppm, Putrescine @ 100 ppm, Hexanal 0.02%; singly and in combination) and storage conditions (Ambient Condition: 24-30 °C, RH 47.50-74.00% and Cold storage: 12±2 °C, RH 90.00-95.00%) in three replications. The PLW of sweet orange fruit was found to be increased with the increase in storage period irrespective of storage conditions. The minimum PLW was observed in C3 i.e. Hexanal 0.02% under both storage conditions. The highest shelf life of sweet orange fruit (68 days) was recorded in C3S2 i.e. Hexanal 0.02% stored in cold storage. The minimum shelf life (28 days) was recorded in C7S1 i.e. control (untreated) + stored under ambient condition.
SWOT Analysis of Extension Systems in Southern African Countries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examined the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to extension systems in selected southern African countries of Malawi, Zambia, Swaziland, Mozambique, Lesotho and Botswana. This is predicated on the need for improved performance and reinvigoration of extension system for better services. Some of the strengths are development works to improve rural areas, extensive grassroots coverage, and use of committees for research and extension linkages, involvement of NGOs and private sector, and effective setting of extension administration units. On the other hand opportunities that can be explored are donor will fund well designed programme, expansion in the use of ICT, high involvement of farmers in extension planning, and potential for effective programme implementation. The threats to the extension systems are attempts to privatize extension services, weak feedback to research, and donor fatigue. The paper recommends that extension administrators, and policy makers should pay proper attention to the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to extension systems with a view of making extension services truly more responsive to local concerns and policy.
EXECUTION OF SENSITIZATION PROGRAMMES OF ADVENTIST RELIEF AGENCY ON FEMALE CIRCUMCISION IN NYAMIRA CONFERENCE OF SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS IN NYAMIRA COUNTY, KENYA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which sensitization programmes of Adventist Relief Agency on female circumcision have been executed in Nyamira Conference of the Seventh-day Adventists in Nyamira County, Kenya. This study adopted a theoretical framework based on social change, social control theories. This study adopted mixed methods approach which includes both quantitative and qualitative methods which encompassed concurrent triangulation. Concurrent triangulation enabled the researcher to adopt descriptive survey research design. The target population in this study was 7 Conference management staff, 3 ADRA programme implementation officers, 60 church pastors and 700 church lay leaders. The sample size consisted of 18 church pastors and 210 lay leaders which was 30% of the target population whereas all the 7 Nyamira Conference management staff members and the 3 ADRA programme implementation officials were purposively included in the study. The study used questionnaires and oral interviews to collect data from the respondents. A pilot study was conducted for reliability and validity of the research instruments. The instruments were piloted in the churches within Nyamira Conference whose pastors and lay leaders did not participate in the study utilizing simple random sampling to select respondents. To ensure reliability of the findings, the data was subjected to cronbanch alpha index. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.7878 was obtained and this implied that the research instruments were reliable and therefore the researcher adopted the research instruments. It was established that there were sensitization programmes on female circumcision in Nyamira County. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that there is need to support the sensitization programmes of Adventist Relief Agency on female circumcision in Nyamira Conference of the Seventh-day Adventists in Nyamira County. Based on the findings of this study it was recommended that the Nyamira Conference management of the Seventh Day Adventist church should strive to encourage and support the sensitization programmes by the Adventist Relief Agency on female circumcision in the area of jurisdiction. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0778/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Guard-GBDT: Efficient Privacy-Preserving Approximated GBDT Training on Vertical Dataset

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In light of increasing privacy concerns and stringent legal regulations, using secure multiparty computation (MPC) to enable collaborative GBDT model training among multiple data owners has garnered significant attention. Despite this, existing MPC-based GBDT frameworks face efficiency challenges due to high communication costs and the computation burden of non-linear operations, such as division and sigmoid calculations. In this work, we introduce Guard-GBDT, an innovative framework tailored for efficient and privacy-preserving GBDT training on vertical datasets. Guard-GBDT bypasses MPC-unfriendly division and sigmoid functions by using more streamlined approximations and reduces communication overhead by compressing the messages exchanged during gradient aggregation. We implement a prototype of Guard-GBDT and extensively evaluate its performance and accuracy on various real-world datasets. The results show that Guard-GBDT outperforms state-of-the-art HEP-XGB (CIKM'21) and SiGBDT (ASIA CCS'24) by up to $2.71\times$ and $12.21 \times$ on LAN network and up to $2.7\times$ and $8.2\times$ on WAN network. Guard-GBDT also achieves comparable accuracy with SiGBDT and plaintext XGBoost (better than HEP-XGB ), which exhibits a deviation of $\pm1\%$ to $\pm2\%$ only. Our implementation code is provided at https://github.com/XidianNSS/Guard-GBDT.git.
The Potential of Mustard Seed Meal to Alleviate LPS-Induced Microbial Shifts in Weaned Piglets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mustard seed meal, an oil industry by-product, shows promise as a dietary additive in animal feed due to its rich content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential. The present study examined its impact on the gut microbiota of post-weaning piglets exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). Twenty-four cross-bred TOPIGS-40 piglets were divided into four groups: C—control group on a basal diet; LPS—group on a basal diet later exposed to lipopolysaccharides; M—group on a basal diet with an 8% w/w mustard seed meal addition; and M+LPS—a combined mustard and LPS group. After 21 days, colonic content analysis using Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that while LPS challenge led to an increased abundance of Spirochaetota and Desulfobacterota in the LPS group, the presence of mustard seed meal kept these levels low in the M+LPS group. Notably, the Firmicutes to Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio decreased from 2.87 to 1.12 in the M+LPS group. Furthermore, Lactobacillus showed a 4.7-fold increase while Lachnospira decreased by 67.7% in the M+LPS group compared to the LPS group. These findings highlight mustard seed meal’s potential to prevent LPS-induced gut dysbiosis, enhancing gut health in weaning piglets.