jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Franklin W. Knight and Ruth Iyob, editors. Dimensions of African and Other Diasporas.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Franklin W. Knight and Ruth Iyob, editors. Dimensions of African and Other Diasporas. Get access Franklin W. Knight and Ruth Iyob, editors. Dimensions of African and Other Diasporas.Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 2014. Pp. vii, 324. $45.00. The American Historical Review, Volume 119, Issue 5, December 2014, Page 1831, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/119.5.1831 Published: 01 December 2014
Assessment of variation in methods to determine reported iron content of nutrition labels of commercial dark chocolate bars

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To assess variation in methods used by industry for determining iron content in dark chocolate bars to provide information for nutrition labeling. Methods Ten brands of dark chocolate bars (70–85% cocoa solids) were purchased from vendors on the US Pacific Coast (San Francisco, California to Victoria, BC). Reported values for iron content (%DV), controlled for serving size, were assessed. Producers were contacted to confirm specific analytical methods or other data utilized for product nutrition labels. Results For the chocolate bars assessed, reported iron content ranged from 4–39 %DV (Mode = 10, SD = 11.7). Label values for iron content were obtained by the following methods: 2 producers used USDA Nutrient Laboratories databases, 4 used analytical testing, 1 was exempt from labeling, 3 did not provide test methods. Conclusion Iron, a class II nutrient, is required by FDA to be listed as a percentage of the 18mg daily value (%DV). There is a high level of variability in how dark chocolate producers obtain data for product nutrition labels. This highlights a need for standardized methods to determine iron content for labeling dark chocolate bars. As a result of this analysis, we plan to perform and compare several accepted methods for determining the iron content in dark chocolate bars. Data will be compared to nutrition labels to assess any true variation of iron content in dark chocolate bars. Grant Funding Source : Center for Student Research Bastyr University
Elucidating the Mechanisms of Acidochromic Spiropyran-Merocyanine Interconversion

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The thermal and photochemical processes associated with the acid-induced conversions of 6-nitroBIPS, SP-1, to form the protonated merocyanine (MC-OH+) were investigated via UV/vis spectrophotometric studies in acetone. It was found that the mechanism of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)-induced ring-opening of the SP and the rate of MC-OH+ formation follows a general acid catalysis mechanism. In accord with this mechanism, the thermal growth of the acid-induced ring-opened form (MC-OH+) was retarded as the concentration of TFA in the medium was increased. The N-protonated SP, i.e., SP-NH+, is formed in a competing side-equilibrium process as an unreactive "sink", with the nitrogen lone-pair no longer available to drive the ring-opening process and resulting in the inverse rate dependence as a linear 1/kobs vs [HA] plot. Addition of a tertiary amine to MC-OH+ regenerated MC which underwent thermal ring closure to the SP, thus restoring its function as a molecular switch. NMR titration of SP samples showed a downfield shift of the N-substituent peak upon increasing the TFA concentration. However, a saturation behavior could not be observed with SP-1 up to 1 M acid, unlike the model compound, N,N-dimethylaniline (N,N-DMA), which indicates a base strength order of N,N-DMA > SP-1. Further, we have demonstrated that in solvent acetone, on acidification, the normal photo- and thermochromic behavior is reversed; now MC-OH+ is photochemically transformed into SP-H+, which undergoes thermal ring-opening to MC-OH+.
Helminthiasis and the Thyroid Gland

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary 1. Four experiments were carried on with a total of 113 chickens to determine whether or not the presence of intestinal worms, Ascaridia lineata (Schneider), had any effect upon the size of the thyroid glands. 2. No significant difference in the size of the thyroid glands of growing chickens was found as a result of the birds being parasitized three weeks with the intestinal roundworm, Asc. lineata. 3. The results of the first, third and fourth experiments showed that the relative size of the thyroids of the females was somewhat larger in the parasitized female birds than in the control females, but the difference did not prove to be significant. 4. Comparisons of the right and left thyroid lobes showed variations in size, but the variations were not constant. 5. No histological changes in the thyroids were found following parasitism with this intestinal roundworm.
Gas-Phase and Solution Conformations of the α-L-Iduronic Acid Structural Unit of Heparin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The IdoA2S structural unit of heparin (subunit G) may oscillate among the three conformations (4C1, 1C4, and 2So). Only the twisted boat conformation allowed the biologically active pentasaccharide unit of heparin (DEFGH) to bind to antithrombin. Our work reports, in detail, the results of systematic large-scale theoretical investigations of the three basic conformations (4C1, 1C4, and 2So) of the IdoA2S structural unit of heparin, its anionic forms, and its sodium salt using the B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) and B3LYP/6-31+G(d) model chemistries. According to our calculations, the most stable structure of these molecules corresponds to the 2So skew-boat conformation. This form is also the most stable in a water solution. The 2So conformation of neutral molecules is not maintained in the anionic species. With anions, both 1C4 and 4C1 conformations are present. The relative stability of individual species of the substituted iduronic acid affects extra stabilization by means of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The calculated macroscopic pKa of 1,4-DiOMe IdoA2S are as follows: pKa = 0.25 for the terminal C(2)-OSO3H group, pKa = 3.67 for the terminal C(5)-CO2H group, and pKa = 14.00 for the C(3)-OH hydroxyl group. The computed Gibbs interaction energies, DeltaGdegrees , for the reaction 1,4-DiOMe IdoA2S(2-) + 2Na+ <==> 1,4-DiOMe IdoA2SNa2 (4C1, 1C4, and 2So conformations) are negative and span a rather small energy interval (from -1244 to -1290 kJ mol(-1)).
High performance liquid chromatography of ceramides: application to analysis in human tissues and demonstration of ceramide excess in Farber's disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Conditions have been determined for the benzoylation of ceramides containing nonhydroxy and hydroxy fatty acids, and a high performance liquid chromatography system for the separation and measurement of these derivatives has been devised that is capable of good resolution and high sensitivity. These methods have been used to determine quantitatively the levels of ceramides in human tissues, and in serum and urine, and to demonstrate elevated amounts of ceramide in Farber's disease urine and tissues.
Myopic versus Farsighted Behaviors in a Low‐Carbon Supply Chain with Reference Emission Effects

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The increased carbon emissions cause relatively climate deterioration and attract more attention of governments, consumers, and enterprises to the low‐carbon manufacturing. This paper considers a dynamic supply chain, which is composed of a manufacturer and a retailer, in the presence of the cap‐and‐trade regulation and the consumers’ reference emission effects. To investigate the manufacturer’s behavior choice and its impacts on the emission reduction and pricing strategies together with the profits of both the channel members, we develop a Stackelberg differential game model in which the manufacturer acts in both myopic and farsighted manners. By comparing the equilibrium strategies, it can be found that the farsighted manufacturer always prefers to keep a lower level of emission reduction. When the emission permit price is relatively high, the wholesale/retail price is lower if the manufacturer is myopic and hence benefits consumers. In addition, there exists a dilemma that the manufacturer is willing to act in a farsighted manner but the retailer looks forward to a partnership with the myopic manufacturer. For a relatively high price of emission permit, adopting myopic strategies results in a better performance of the whole supply chain.
2015-2016 High-Performing Schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

These schools are identified as Title I schools with distinctions based on reading and math performance. PDF Version (135, KB) .dataTables_filter { TEXT-ALIGN: right; MARGIN-TOP: 5px; WIDTH: 50%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5px; FLOAT: right }

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Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) and Health Impacts of MRI Among the Patients Attending MRI in Dhaka City

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;/i&gt; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important diagnostic method in modern clinical medicine. Patients’ knowledge about MRI is of utmost importance for optimizing the workflow, safety, and patient comfort and saving valuable time for the MRI department.&lt;i&gt; Objective:&lt;/i&gt; The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) and health impacts of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) among the patients attending in Dhaka city. &lt;i&gt;Methodology:&lt;/i&gt; This was a cross-sectional prospective study carried out at the department of Radiology and Imaging in Islami Bank Central Hospital & Popular Diagnostic Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh during January, 2022 to June, 2022. A purposive random sampling technique was used and a total of 200 cases referred for MRI, from OPD, aged above 15 years were enrolled in this study. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 23.0. The ethical clearance of this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of School of Public Health & Life Science, University of South Asia, and Dhaka, Bangladesh. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; A total of (n=200) cases referred for MRI, from OPD, aged above 15 years were enrolled in this study. The majority 85(42.5%) patients belonged to the age group (46-60) and followed by 72(36%),(36-45) years, 22(11%), (26-35) years, 13(6.5%), (15-25) years and 8(4%), &gt;60 years. The maximum132 (66%) patients were male and the minimum 68(34%) were female. The maximum, 61(30.5%) were graduate and followed by 50(25%) HSC, 30(15%) SSC, 21(10.5%) Primary and 6(3%) had no formal education. Among the study patients, 110(55%) had previous knowledge about MRI. 35(17.5%) patients had previous knowledge about the health effect of MRI.74 (37%) patients had seen close contact of relative/family member to face MRI examination. 196(89%) patients opined conversation is very important before MRI examination. 177(88.5%) patients felt nervous to conduct MRI test and 92(46%) patients practiced MRI before. The maximum 110(55%) felt discomfort. 86(43%) patients opined MRI took long time. 100(50%) of the patients observed metal effect during MRI, 78(39%) patients had MRI phobia and the maximum 18(9%) patients had allergic reaction. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; This study investigated (55%) study patients had previous knowledge about MRI. (17.5%) patients had previous knowledge about the health effect of MRI.(37%) patients felt to have close contact of relative/family member is needed during MRI test,(89%) patients had positive attitude to conversation before MRI examination, 177(88.5%) patients felt nervous to conduct MRI test and (46%) patients practiced MRI. The major impact of MRI on health was discomfort and MRI phobia.
Evaluation of Soldiers’ Knowledge and Sense of Threats Regarding Exposure to Biological Risk Factors at the Place of Service

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Exposure to harmful biological agents and the level of knowledge about specific risk factors are extremely important topics, especially among military personnel. This study evaluates the knowledge and perceptions of soldiers regarding exposure to biological risk factors during their service. This research was conducted using an online survey distributed through the WBBS research panel, in which 1331 soldiers from various demographic groups and ranks participated. The survey assessed awareness of biological threats, the level of knowledge about preventive measures, and the perceived adequacy of occupational health and safety training. The findings reveal that over 80% of respondents possess some level of knowledge about the types of biological agents they may encounter, yet significant gaps remain, particularly in training related to region-specific infectious diseases, with more than 75% of participants having not received such training. Additionally, approximately 5% of respondents reported high exposure, and around 4% reported very high exposure to harmful biological agents, highlighting the need for enhanced educational programs and preventive measures in military contexts. The study underscores the importance of continuous education and training to mitigate risks associated with biological hazards in military environments.
A study on Bible teaching model using project based learning (PBL) in church education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본 연구의 목적은 교회교육에서 활용 가능한 프로젝트기반학습 모형을 제시하는 것이다. 프로젝트기반학습은 일반 교육의 영역에서 다양한 방식으로 실행되고 있으며 기독교대안학교 진영에서도 활발하게 활용되는 교육의 방법이다. 그러나 안타깝게도 교회교육의 영역에서는 프로젝트기반학습이 거의 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정에 있다. 프로젝트기반학습은 학습자가 팀원들과 협력하여 학습자 주도적으로 주어진 문제를 해결해 가는 교육의 방법이다. 프로젝트기반학습에서는 자기주도성, 창의성, 협동능력, 의사소통 역량 등 다양한 역량을 발휘하도록 하며 이를 통해 학습자가 주어진 문제를 실제 해결할 수 있도록 돕는다. 성경은 프로젝트기반학습에 대하여 명시적으로 언급하고 있지 않으나 성경의 전체 내용과 흐름을 살펴보면 성경이 거대한 하나님의 구원의 프로젝트로 가득 차 있음을 알 수 있다. 압제 받던 이스라엘 백성들을 애굽 땅에서 어떻게 출애굽 시킬 것인지, 약속의 땅 가나안을 어떻게 정복할 것인지, 무너진 예루살렘 성벽을 어떻게 재건할 것인지 등 다양한 프로젝트들이 등장한다. 성경에 나타난 프로젝트기반학습은 총 4단계로 이루어진다. 1단계는 프로젝트를 계획하는데 성경본문 분석, 과제기간 선정, 교육목표 설정, 소그룹 구성, 업무 분장 등이 이루어진다. 2단계에서는 프로젝트 자료수집 단계인데 관련자료 수집, 강의 및 세미나 수강, 현장방문 및 관련자 인터뷰 등이 이루어진다. 3단계는 프로젝트 수행으로 프로젝트를 기획하고 전략을 세우며 프로젝트를 진행하게 된다. 4단계는 프로젝트 발표 및 평가의 단계로 결과물을 제작하고 발표하며 평가하고 피드백을 받는 단계이다. 이러한 프로젝트 기반 교육은 학습자에게 이론과 실천이 조화되도록 도움을 주며 자신의 삶의 주변에서 벌어지는 실제 문제를 해결할 수 있는 역량을 제공해 준다. 그러나 프로젝트기반학습이 이루어지기 위해서는 프로젝트 학습이 가능한 성경공부 교재를 개발해야 하고 성경교육 시간 및 장소에 대한 확보가 필요하다. 무엇보다도 프로젝트기반학습을 실천할 수 있는 교사교육이 필수적이며 교육지도자의 교육철학을 제대로 형성시켜주는 작업이 필요하다. 우리는 21세기 4차 산업혁명 시대를 살아가고 있다. 더 이상 암기중심의 문제풀이식 교회교육이 아닌 이론과 실천을 겸비한 문제해결식 교회교육을 실천해야 한다. 이를 위해 프로젝트기반학습에 대한 이해와 성경교수모형개발이 이루어져야 하고 걸림돌을 제거하여 역동적인 신앙교육이 이루어지도록 해야 할 것이다.
Relationship between Compliance with Benford's Law and Timeliness of Financial Statements: An Empirical Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the compliance of accounting numbers with Benford's Law (BL) and the time for publishing Standardized Financial Statements (SFSs). Method: A regression model with panel data was used, in a sample of 205 publicly traded Brazilian companies, between 2010 and 2019. Results: It was found that companies that are in compliance and that are undergoing audit changes disclose their financial statements more quickly. The results suggest that the Big Four pay greater attention and care to ensure that their financial statements are in compliance, resulting in a slower timeliness of the financial statements. This finding was corroborated by the finding that the non-compliance of accounting figures in past periods, due to audit rotation, when the company is audited by the Big Four, results in a slower timeliness of the financial statements. Contributions: The study points out the relationship between BL and the delivery time of DFPs for future research. It highlights the importance of Big Four audits in the quality of accounting information, and points out to stakeholders that companies accounting information, especially those that take longer to disclose and are not audited by Big Four, may be non-compliant with the BL.
Numerical modeling of the coupled electromagnetic and thermal fields in the controlled solidification process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the numerical modeling of the coupled electromagnetic and thermal fields for a controlled solidification process. First, the raw material, siluminum, is heated till the melting point, obtaining a homogenous liquid using electromagnetic stirring. Next, through several steps, the crucible is lower with a constant speed from the inductor into the cooling system. Thus, we obtain a controlled cooling of the material in the crucible, leading to a homogenous internal structure of the material, without impurities or internal stresses. The numerical modeling of the solidification process is divided into four steps, one for heating, two for heating and cooling and one only for cooling.
Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Control in Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Velvetleaf control in sugarbeet by clomazone and commercially available sugarbeet herbicides was investigated in greenhouse and field studies. In greenhouse studies, clomazone at 0.07 and 0.04 kg ai ha -1 controlled 97 and 69% of velvetleaf, respectively, with little visible sugarbeet injury. Adding clomazone to pyrazon, TCA, ethofumesate, pyrazon plus TCA, or TCA plus ethofumesate increased velvetleaf control but increased visible sugarbeet injury. In field studies, clomazone at 0.07 kg ha -1 did not enhance sugarbeet injury. However, velvetleaf was not controlled by clomazone alone or clomazone plus pyrazon, ethofumesate, combinations of pyrazon plus TCA, pyrazon plus ethofumesate, or pyrazon plus TCA plus ethofumesate. Cycloate preplant incorporated plus pyrazon preemergence followed by postemergence herbicides controlled velvetleaf in all 3 yr of research. Postemergence herbicides increased velvetleaf control from soil-applied herbicides in 1987 and 1988.
Modelling macroeconomic effects and expert judgements in operational risk : a Bayesian approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This work presents a contribution on operational risk under a general Bayesian context incorporating information on market risk pro le, experts and operational losses, taking into account the general macroeconomic environment as well. It aims at estimating a characteristic parameter of the distributions of the sources, market risk pro le, experts and operational losses, chosen here at a location parameter. It generalizes under more realistic conditions a study realized by Lambrigger, Shevchenko and Wuthrich, and analyses macroeconomic e ects on operational risk. It appears that severities of operational losses are more related to the macroeconomics environment than usually assumed.
Pay or nudge employees into change? A theoretical and experimental investigation of the effect of nudging for organizational change

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Organizational change often fails due to employees' resistance to change resulting in unforeseen expenses, delays, or other disruptions in organizations. In our experiment, we compare behavioral interventions—a pro‐change default rule and a pro‐change recommendation—with a costly pay raise to foster supportive behavior. In regard to the pure nudge used (default), we support its effectiveness in enhancing change‐related success. In line with our model and based on the assumption of low decision confidence in change settings, we find that a preference nudge (recommendation) lacks a corresponding effect. In addition, we find that a pay raise has a positive effect that is likely to be triggered by positive reciprocity. If this pay raise fails to materialize, we report supporting evidence for negative reciprocity. We compare the effect sizes for these nudges and the pay raise and provide insights for the relative cost‐effectiveness of such nudges compared to a pay raise for organizational change. We conclude with managerial implications.
Humboldt's Map of Isothermal Lines: A Milestone in Thematic Cartography

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

AbstractAbstractThis year is the sesquicentennial anniversary of the presentation of Alexander von Humboldt's paper on isothermal lines to the Paris Academy of Science. This employment of the isarithm for spatial distribution by an outstanding natural scientist contributed largely to the widespread adoption of this technique in thematic cartography. The complexities of the original evidence are unravelled, and its influence traced on many subsequent publications, particularly atlases, in the nineteenth century.
Lack of Progression of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Premature Infants: Implications for Head Ultrasound Screening

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Very preterm infants are at risk for germinal matrix hemorrhage- intraventricular hemorrhage (GH-IVH). Severe GH-IVH may cause death or severe neurodevelopmental disability while mild GH-IVH is considered a static, non-progressive disease. This retrospective study aimed to determine if infants with no GH-IVH or mild GH-IVH on initial screening head ultrasound (HUS) advanced to severe GH-IVH. A total of 353 eligible infants with birth gestational age ≤32 0/7 weeks who received a HUS during hospitalization were identified. Of the 343 (97%) infants who had mild GH-IVH (grade II or less) on initial screening, only 4 (1.2%) progressed to severe (grade III or IV). Each of these infants required mechanical ventilation for at least 40 days. Therefore, premature infants who have no GH-IVH or mild GH-IVH on initial routine screening HUS without other risk factors may not require follow-up HUSs. Infants with prolonged mechanical ventilation may require further screening despite reassuring initial HUS findings.
An Ethnography of Early Education and Multilingualism in Luxembourg: Pedagogical Performance between Monolingual Agendas and Translingual Practices

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Lucas (3;6) is playing with Lego animals on the carpet. He takes the lions and puts them into the compound he prepared for them. He comments: “Kuck, e Léiw!” (Look, a lion!) Then he whirls them all around and says: “Tout mélanger!” (Mixing everything!) Lucas here seems not only to mix the animals but the languages, too… Linguistic diversity is not only an integral part of Luxembourgian society in general but also of the everyday practice in early childcare settings. This is nothing exceptional. Rather, the increasing diversification of languages, cultures, and identities – or the increasing acknowledgement that these concepts have never been simple and fixed – is a central characteristic of contemporary societies worldwide. Nevertheless, education political and media discourses keep on positing multilingualism as a special challenge that pedagogical practice has to cope with. They call for early language promotion, school preparation, and for the advancement of social integration and equality. While these discourses instantly turn to the programmatic question how multilingualism should be dealt with, thus presupposing a normative understanding of language in education, the present paper asks how these complex demands are actually met in everyday pedagogical practice and how, along the way, linguistic norms are practically accomplished as well as caught into question. The paper draws on ethnographic material from three Luxembourgian daycare centers that were investigated during 18 months as part of my doctoral research. The choice and interpretation of field notes is guided by the central question how linguistic diversity is dealt with in the centers’ everyday routines. The empirical exploration reveals how pedagogical practice is itself constituted within a field of tension between monolingualist agendas and the actors’ translingual practices. The three centers manage this tension differently, thus demonstrating the multiplicity of possible pathways when dealing with multilingualism in early education.