jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Awareness and Behaviour Regarding Vitamin D Levels Among Dental Students in South India: A Cross-sectional Survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Vitamin D plays a crucial role in supporting various physiological activities, thus contributing to overall health and well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and behaviour regarding vitamin D levels among dental students in South India. Methods A multicentric online survey was conducted among dental students from various dental colleges in South India. Prior informed consent was obtained from all the students. A self-administered questionnaire in English was designed to collect information on demographic characteristics, lifestyle characteristics, knowledge, and awareness of vitamin D levels, as well as vitamin D supplement use. Results The final sample consisted of 516 dental students, of whom the majority were female [n=384; 74.4%], and the mean age was 22 years [SD: 1.67]. Most dental students were unaware of their current vitamin D levels [92.4%]. Only 39 dental students reported their current vitamin D levels. Only six of the 39 dental students had vitamin D levels above 30ng/ml. There was no significant difference in the knowledge of current vitamin D levels for sex [p=0.129] and academic year of study among dental students [ p =0.197]. There was no significant difference in the distribution of vitamin D status among dental students, regardless of variables such as sex [ p =0.24], academic year [ p =0.76], application of sunscreen [ p =0.129], and clothing or use of an umbrella to avoid sun exposure [ p >0.99]. Discussion This study highlighted poor knowledge of vitamin D levels among dental students, irrespective of sex and academic year of study, which may be attributed to a general lack of awareness regarding the role of vitamin D in maintaining physiological functions, as well as insufficient emphasis on periodic vitamin D screening. Conclusion This study revealed a lack of awareness of vitamin D status among dental students. Among those who had checked their vitamin D levels, a high prevalence of deficiency was observed.
Monthly river flow simulation with a joint conditional density estimation network

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

River flow synthesizing and downscaling are required for the analysis of risks associated with water resources management plans and for regional impact studies of climate change. This paper presents a probabilistic model that synthesizes and downscales monthly river flow by estimating the joint distribution of flows of two adjacent months conditional on covariates. The covariates may consist of lagged and aggregated flow variables (synthesizing), exogenous climatic variables (downscaling), or combinations of these two types. The joint distribution is constructed by connecting two marginal distributions in terms of copulas. The relationship between covariates and distribution parameters is approximated by an artificial neural network, which is calibrated using the principle of maximum likelihood. Outputs of the neural network yield parameters of the joint distribution. From the estimated joint distribution, a conditional distribution of river flow of current month given the estimation of the previous month can be derived. Depending on the different types of covariate information, this conditional distribution may serve as the ‘‘engine’’ for synthesizing or downscaling river flow sequences. The idea of the proposed model is illustrated using three case studies. The first case deals with synthetic data and shows that the model is capable of fitting a nonstationary joint distribution. Second, the model is utilized to synthesize monthly river flow at four sample stations on the main stream of the Colorado River. Results reveal that the model reproduces essential evaluation statistics fairly well. Third, a simple illustrative example for river flow downscaling is presented. Analysis indicates that the model can be a viable option to downscale monthly river flow as well.
Photocrosslinking of the signal sequence of nascent preprolactin to the 54-kilodalton polypeptide of the signal recognition particle.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Photoreactive moieties were incorporated into nascent polypeptides in a wheat germ protein-synthesizing system by using a plasmid-derived preprolactin mRNA and a Lys-tRNA analog, N epsilon-(5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyl)-Lys-tRNA (epsilon ANB-Lys-tRNA). The presence of the abnormally large amino acid side chains in the nascent chains did not impair function: complete preprolactin chains were synthesized in the absence of the signal recognition particle (SRP), elongation was arrested in the presence of SRP, and SRP-dependent translocation across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and signal peptidase cleavage were observed in the presence of salt-extracted microsomes. Photolysis of elongation-arrested ribosomes resulted in several light- and epsilon ANB-Lys-tRNA-dependent crosslinks. By using antibodies specific for each of the proteins, one covalent complex was shown to be a photocrosslink between the preprolactin nascent chain and the 54-kDa protein subunit of SRP. This demonstrates that the N-terminal end of a secretory protein is located adjacent to the SRP in elongation-arrested ribosomes and strongly suggests that the signal sequence is recognized by and binds to the 54-kDa subunit of SRP. The other photocrosslinks involve as-yet-unidentified proteins in the large ribosomal subunit, indicating that this method of incorporating probes provides a powerful approach to examining the environment and interactions of the nascent chain during translation and translocation across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. The Lys-tRNA analog also successfully photoaffinity-labeled the Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) in the epsilon ANB-Lys-tRNA.EF-Tu.GTP ternary complex.
SerumInterleukin-6,Insulin,andHOMA-IRinMaleIndividuals with Colorectal Adenoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: It is widely acknowledged that chronic low-grade inflammation plays a key role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The level of circulating interleukin-6(IL-6),oneofthemajorproinflammatoryadipokines,iscorrelatedwithobesityandinsulinresistance, which are known to be risk factors for colorectal adenoma. We examined the association between the circulating level of IL-6 and the presence of colorectal adenoma. Experimental Design: In a total colonoscopy-based cross-sectional study conducted between January and December 2008, serum levels of IL-6 were measured in samples of venous blood obtained from 336 male participants attending health checkups (118 individuals with colorectal adenoma and 218 agematched controls) after an overnight fast. Results: In the colorectal adenoma group, the median levels of serum IL-6 (1.24 vs. 1.04 pg/mL; P ¼0.01),triglyceride,insulin,andhomeostasismodelassessmentofinsulinresistance(HOMA-IR)wereto be significantly higher than those in the control group. When restricted to individuals with adenoma, levels of IL-6 were positively correlated with body mass index, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Multiple logistic analyses adjustedtoincludeinsulinorHOMA-IRshowedthathighlevelsofIL-6wereassociatedwiththepresenceof colorectal adenoma. There was no significant interaction of IL-6 with HOMA-IR to modify this association. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that increased serum levels of IL-6 are positively associated with the presence of colorectal adenoma in men, independently of insulin and HOMA-IR. Clin Cancer Res; 18(2); 392–9. � 2011 AACR.
Mimetic failure: Politics, prayer and possession

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the micro-politics of community and neighborhood practice, formal Muslim prayer (namaz) frequently becomes juxtaposed to trance, possession or other dissociative states of consciousness. In the latter states, a subject becomes overwhelmed by an encounter with otherness and reacts on the basis of an economy of affect. In India such affective encounters are traditionally articulated allegorically in cultural forms that actively negotiate alterity. Specifically, the afflicted are considered “possessed” (hajri) and ritual specialists apply means of exorcism by naming the afflicting agent that has caused the disturbance. What happens, however, when a subject is overwhelmed by an encounter with an other, yet remains without any means to account for this experience? What happens when particular responses to feeling overwhelmed are no longer available or legitimate? Through ethnographic accounts of encounters, this paper first explicates encounters involving an overwhelming experience with difference in Africa and India in the 1950s that resulted in mimetic play, and then offers accounts of encounters of overwhelming experience in contemporary India in which alterity seemed absent and mimetic play failed.
Modern Dental Assisting

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The history of dentistry the dental health team anatomy and physiology oral embryology tooth morphology microbiology and oral pathology disease transmission and infection control pharmacology and pain control dental materials preventive dentistry nutrition applied psychology the special patient medical emergencies dental instruments dental equipment instrument transfer and oral evacuation dental radiography complete diagnosis and treatment planning coronal polishing technique rubber dam application operative dentistry paediatric dentistry orthodontics endodontics fixed prosthodontics removable prosthodontics periodontics oral surgery the administrative assistant accounts receivable dental insurance expenses and disbursements employment.
Antiviral Limonoids Including Khayanolides from the\nTrang Mangrove Plant <i>Xylocarpus moluccensis</i>

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Eight new khayanolides, named thaixylomolins\nG–N (<b>1</b>–<b>8</b>), two new phragmalins\n(<b>9</b> and <b>10</b>), and two new mexicanolides (<b>11</b> and <b>12</b>) were obtained from the seeds of the\nTrang mangrove\nplant <i>Xylocarpus moluccensis</i>. The absolute configurations\nof these limonoids, except for the stereocenter at C-6 of <b>11</b> and <b>12</b>, were assigned by experimental and TDDFT calculated\nelectronic circular dichroism spectra. The khayanolides may be classified\ninto two subclasses, one of which has a C-2 carbonyl and a 3β-acetoxy\ngroup, whereas the other possesses a 2β-acetoxy and a C-3 carbonyl\nfunction. Khayanolides, rearranged phragmalin-type limonoids, are\nreported for the first time from plants of the mangrove genus <i>Xylocarpus</i>. The structure of moluccensin J, a known 30-ketophragmalin\ncontaining a Δ<sup>8(14)</sup> double bond, was revised to be\na khayanolide, named thaixylomolin K. The antiviral activities of\nthe isolates against pandemic influenza A virus (subtype H1N1) were\ntested by the assay of cytopathic effect inhibition. Three khayanolides,\nviz., thaixylomolins I, K, and M, exhibited moderate anti-H1N1 activities.\nThe most potent one, thaixylomolin I (IC<sub>50</sub> = 77.1 ±\n8.7 μM), showed stronger inhibitory activity than that of the\npositive control, ribavirin (IC<sub>50</sub> = 185.9 ± 16.8 μM).
Attitudes towards mobile phone usage in public places among young Saudi adults

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigates young Saudis' attitudes towards social acceptance of mobile phones in public places and how these attitudes affect their usage. A survey was conducted among young Saudi adult mobile phone users and the sample consisted of 727 respondents. A structural equation model was developed to test the hypotheses in this study. Collectively, the results indicate that it is neither acceptable for someone to accept a mobile call while praying in mosque or in class nor answer a mobile phone if it were to ring at both places. However, attitudes towards mobile phone use in other public places depend on intra-cultural variations within Saudi Arabia. Further, these attitudes significantly affect the usage frequency of mobile phones. Usage frequency in turn is affected by gender and work status. Practical implications are also discussed.
On the Concept of Semantic Electromagnetics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Radar is becoming more intelligent when mounted on autonomous platforms sensing in complex environments. However, radar intelligent sensing is still challenging because of the weak generalization ability and poor interpretability of deep learning when applied onto electromagnetic data. The main reasons are the uniqueness of radar sensing principles and complexity of electromagnetic scattering mechanism. Conventionally, electromagnetic modeling serves the objective of quantitative accuracy such as radar cross section prediction, while semantic information is the key from the perspective of radar intelligent sensing. Thus, this paper proposes a new research topic of semantic electromagnetics for scattering modeling for the purpose of intelligent radar sensing. It employs semantic-centric approaches in geometric/physical modeling and scattering computation so that the model discretization and representation is semantic preserving and the computational algorithm is semantic compatible. Some preliminary progresses on multi-scale hybrid scattering modeling and atomic scatterer dictionary are reported.
Market Failure and Non-Standard Contracting: How the Ghost of Perfect Competition Still Haunts Antitrust

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Modern antitrust policy has a ‘love hate’ relationship with non-standard contracts that can overcome market failure. On the one hand, courts have abandoned various per se rules that once condemned such agreements outright, concluding that many non-standard contracts may produce benefits that are cognizable under the antitrust laws.1 The prospect of such benefits, it is said, compels courts to analyze these agreements under the Rule of Reason, under which the tribunal determines whether a given restraint enhances or destroys competition.2 At the same time, courts, scholars, and the enforcement agencies have embraced methods of rule of reason analysis that are unduly hostile to such agreements.3 In particular, courts and others are too quick to view such agreements and the market outcomes they produce as manifestations of market power. This article seeks to explain why these agreements are still the object of undue hostility.
Peran Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling mengenai Program dan Layanan BK di SMA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this interview, we discussed the guidance and counseling program at SMA Negeri 5 Tasikmalaya, with a focus on assessment, academic services, and career guidance. The interview with Mrs. Ana, a guidance counselor at the school, revealed various issues faced by students, such as choosing majors, friendship problems, and learning difficulties. The guidance program at this school aims to help students overcome personal problems, manage stress, and enhance self-learning skills. With the counselor's crucial role in character development, continuous evaluation is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the services provided. The interview was conducted using an unstructured interview technique with one of the guidance counselors at SMA Negeri 5 Tasikmalaya. The results of the interview found that the performance of guidance counselors at SMA Negeri 5 Tasikmalaya in guidance and counseling programs and services is quite good.
Applicability and Efficiency of a Computerized Adaptive Test for the Washington Assessment of the Risks and Needs of Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The Washington Assessment of the Risks and Needs of Students (WARNS) is a computer-based assessment created to help courts, schools, and youth service providers determine an adolescent’s risks and needs that may lead to truancy, drop out, or delinquency from school. Users are advised to consider the WARNS total score to work with youth. A total score estimate based on fewer items than the full item set may result in less respondent burden, administration time, and fatigue, while not hindering accurate decisions. This simulation study examined the applicability and efficiency of a computerized adaptive test (CAT) to estimate a WARNS total score under a unidimensional item response theory model. The results demonstrate that the CAT provides an accurate estimate of students’ risks and needs and reduces the number of items administered for each examinee compared with the existing version. Future directions and limitations of CAT development with the WARNS are discussed.
Investigation of additive manufactured Ti6Al4V solid-lattice structure fabricated via electron beam melting for bio-implants

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid advancements in technology, there has been an increased usage of Additive Manufacturing (AM) for the medical industry due to its ability and flexibility in customisation. Bio-implants of intricate geometries with complex architectures can now be fabricated with ease. Current design of a solid hip implant is limited in abilities due to the different needs of people. Generally, children and elderly require an implant which is lower in strength and stiffness as compared to young adults or athletes who have higher strength and stiffness demand as a result of their daily activities and difference in bone densities. There have been increased researches on the mechanical properties of EBM-fabricated Ti6Al4V (Ti64) lattice structures, but little studies had been done on combination structures such as lattice-solid-lattice (LSL). This study investigated the strength of solid-lattice interface in LSL and how it can better mimic the properties of a femoral stem. Lattice geometries fabricated were G6, G7 and G8, each with varying unit cell sizes of 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm. Both full solid and full lattice structures were investigated first via compressive testing to obtain a base value for comparison with the values obtained from LSL structures. Deformation behaviour, maximum compressive stress, and elastic modulus were evaluated to obtain the optimal lattice design. Due to inherent manufacturing limitations of the EBM system, assessment on the influence of defects on the properties was also included.
Mutual intelligibility in the plurilingual context of the University of Latin-American integration : experiences, contact and plurilingual interaction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

La educacion, asi como los modelos educativos desempenan un papel fundamental, tanto enla difusion del plurilinguismo, como en la promocion del aprendizaje de lenguas, ycontribuyen a la integracion regional, la movilidad academica y el contacto entre lenguas yculturas. Sin embargo, no parece ser una tarea facil entender las dinamicas de este fenomeno.En la misma linea, esta investigacion tuvo como objetivo principal la descripcion de losprocesos de comunicacion que se han llevado a cabo hasta ahora, en el contexto de laUniversidad Federal de Integracion Latinoamericana (UNILA), mediante un estudiosociolinguistico de cuno etnografico centrado en las experiencias linguisticas de losestudiantes de este ambito academico. La UNILA, localizada en Foz do Iguacu, (en lafrontera entre Argentina, Brasil y Paraguay), es una universidad construida con base en losconceptos de integracion, interdisciplinariedad, bilinguismo (portugues/espanol). La UNILAabrio sus puertas en 2010 para la entrada de estudiantes de varios paises latinoamericanos.Estos estudiantes, que llegaron desde diversos ambientes escolares, sociales y culturales,acceden a un entorno en donde se ven enfrentados a convivir, estudiar y llevar procesos deaprendizaje en una lengua extranjera y con diversas culturas academicas, lo cual proporcionoun terreno fertil para la observacion y el analisis de experiencias de comunicacionplurilingues y de intercomprension academica en lenguas romances.
Additive Manufacturing of Argon 18’s Olympic Race Bike Stem

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

High level athlete’s performance in disciplines such as cycling can sometimes be maximized by \npersonalizing their gears for the specific requirements. Additive manufacturing technologies \nare interesting in this context as they allow rapid anufacturing of components and eases the \ntransition from the design to the experimental validation. This article describes the \ndevelopment of an aluminium race bike stem that was used by Lasse Norman Hansen, bronze \nmedallist at the Omnium competition at the 2016 Rio Olympic games. The stem was \nmanufactured via the powder-bed selective laser melting (SLM) technology and fatigue tested \naccording to ISO standard 4210-5.
Signal transduction induced in endothelial cells by growth factor receptors involved in angiogenesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary New vessel formation during development and in the adult is triggered by concerted signals of largely endothelial-specific receptors for ligands of the VEGF, angiopoietin and ephrin families. The signals and genes induced by these receptors operate in the context of additional signals transduced by non-endothelial specific growth factor receptors, inflammatory cytokine receptors as well as adhesion molecules. We summarize here available data on characteristic signaling of the VEGF receptor-2 and the current state of knowledge regarding the additional different receptor tyrosine kinases of the VEGF, Tie and Ephrin receptor families. Furthermore, the potential cross-talk with signals induced by other growth factors and inflammatory cytokines as well as the modulation by VE-cadherin is discussed.
Rejoinder to Robert Hartford, "Objectivity and the Proof of Egoism" (Spring 2007): Rand's Metaethics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In response to Robert Hartford's criticisms of his Spring 2006 Journal of Ayn Rand Studies essay, "Regarding Choice and the Foundations of Morality," Rasmussen argues against "the official" interpretation of Rand's ethics as resting on a basic "choice to live." Drawing from his work with Douglas Den Uyl, Rasmussen argues that Rand's metaethics is best understood in "biocentric," neo-Aristotelian terms: that human choice does not set the context in which it operates and that "man's life qua man" is the natural end of human life.
The Unexpected Benefit of TCR Cross-Reactivity in Cancer Immunotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The ability of T-cell receptors (TCR) to recognize tumor-associated antigens (TAA) is a key driver of adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) T cells, which can be a highly effective cancer immunotherapy. While it is common knowledge that TCRs are cross-reactive and can bind multiple different peptide antigens, this is typically considered an unattractive feature and limitation for TCR-based therapies. In a recent publication in Cell, Dolton and colleagues discover that certain TCRs, isolated from TILs used for successful treatment of melanoma, possess beneficial cross-reactivity by recognizing multiple TAA. Moreover, they elucidate the cumulative value of TCR cross-reactivity on cancer cell eradication and its prospective advantages for targeted cancer immunotherapies.