jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Description of Enchytronia pygmaea sp. n. (Enchytraeidae, Clitellata), a very small enchytraeid in European soils

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>A new and very small European species of terrestrial enchytraeids is described, Enchytronia pygmaea sp. nov.<br> (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta). It differs from all enchytraeids known so far in the chaetal pattern: lateral bundles have 2<br> chaetae from segment II to V, 0 from segment VI to XII–XV, and only 1 chaeta in lateral postclitellar bundles; ventral<br> bundles have 2 chaetae. A further peculiarity is the presence of only 1 pair of preclitellar nephridia. The species must be<br> considered as widespread as it is recorded here from 17 different localities distributed over seven European countries ranging<br> from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean zone.</p>
Intrauterine and deep cervical insemination with frozen semen in sheep

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Inhalt (Intrauterine und tiefcervicale Insemination mit Gefriersperma beim Schaf). In diesem Versuch wurden 241 Schafe unter Feldbedingungen mit tiefgefrorenem Widdersperma besamt. Nach der Samenentnahme mit Hilfe einer künstlichen Scheide wurde das Sperma ca. 1:6 verdünnt und zwar mit einem Tris-Fruktose-Citronensäure Verdünner, der 8 vol. % Glyzerin and 20 vol. % Eidotter enthielt. Während der ungefähr 2stündigen Equilibrierungszeit wurde der Samen auf 5°C heruntergekühlt, anschlieβend wurde der Samen in P. V. C. Röhrchen abgefüllt, in Stickstoffdampf eingefroren und während ca. 3 Wochen in flüssigen N2 gelagert. Die Inseminationsdosis betrug 0,3 ml und enthielt etwa 150 × 106 Spermien. Aufgetaut wurde in Wasser von + 75°C während 8,5 Sekunden unmittelbar vor der Sameneinführung. In einer Gruppe von 77 Tieren, die mit Gestagen imprägnierten Vaginaltampons synchronisiert worden waren, wurde nur einmal besamt und zwar 12–20 Stunden nach Brunstbeginn. Bei 53 Schafen dieser Gruppe wurde der Samen mittels eines durch den Cervicalkanal eingeführten Metallkatheters intrauterin deponiert. Bei den verbleibenden 24 Tieren wurde der Samen 2,5–4 cm tief in den Cervicalkanal hinein verbracht. Von den intrauterin besamten Tieren konzipierten 54%, von denjenigen mit intracervicaler Deponierung nur 29%. Von 164 nicht synchronisierten Schafen wurden 83 intrauterin und 60 tiefcervical, auch einmal und im gleichen Zeitpunkt der Brunst wie die synchronisierten Tiere, besamt. Es konzipierten 89% bzw. 45%. Die restlichen 21 Tiere wurden wie üblich mittels der Röhrchenmethode im orificium externum, normalerweise zwei mal mit etwa 12stündigen Intervallen, besamt. Von diesen konzipierten 57%. Contents Artificial insemination with frozen ram semen was performed in a field trial including 241 ewes. The semen was diluted about 1:6 with Tris-fructose-citric acid extender containing 8% (v/v) glycerol 20% (v/v) eggyolk, frozen in P.V.C. straws by use of liquid N2 after an equilibration time of 2 hrs at 5°C and thawed at 75°C for 8,5 sec. The insemination doses contained approximatly 150 × 106 spermatozoa. In one group the semen was deposited via the cervical canal into the uterus in 53 ewes and deep cervically in the remaining 24 ewes once, in the first oestrus after heat synchronization with progestagen impregnated vaginal sponges. The conception rate was 54% and 29% respectively. In another group consisting of 164 normal oestrous ewes, 83 animals were inseminated according to the intrauterine procedure of semen deposition and 60 animals deep cervically once in the heat, resulting in a conception rate of 89% and 45% respectively. In the remaining 21 ewes the semen was deposited just inside the cervical os usually twice in the heat, giving a conception rate of 57%.
Antifungal activity of some aromatic diamidines.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Selective in vitro antifungal activity of four aromatic diamidines against B. dermatitidis , B. brasiliensis , C. neoformans , H. capsulatum and C. albicans has been demonstrated. The addition of serum to the medium did not interfere with the activity of the compounds but, rather, enhanced the activity of phenamidine against C. neoformans.
EXPERIMENT AND MODELING STUDY OF AGED ALU-MINIUM ALLOYS STRENGTHENING RESPONSE

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on thermodynamics, kinetics, and dislocation theory, an unified model is established to describe the quantitative relations between yield strengths of aged Aluminium alloys and the sizes, volume percentages of plate/disc-shaped or rod/needle-shaped precipitates. It is then experimentally proved that the model is suitable to evaluate the aging strengthening of the precipitates for an Al-Cu-Mg alloy aged at 513 K and an Al-Mg-Si alloy aged at 463 K. Furthermore, the relationships between simulation precision of this model and parameters of precipitate are discussed with the aim of improving the present model.
Ontogeny of control over the acoustic startle reflex by visual prestimulation in the rat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract In Experiment I, rats 13–35 days of age were presented with acoustic startle stimuli in conjunction with light flashes or noise bursts at 4–320 msee lead times. Inhibition of the startle reflex by leading noise bursts was present on Days 13–15, whereas light flashes were not effective until Days 21–23. In Experiment II, 3 intensities of noise and 3 intensities of light preceded the reflex‐eliciting stimuli on Days 16 and 35. All intensities of noise were effective on Day 16, whereas no visual stimuli were. On Day 35, all stimuli were effective. These data reveal that intrinsic visual structures and/or connections between these structures and reflex‐control mechanisms mature relatively late in the rat.
Effects of a pregnancy management program on birth outcomes in managed Medicaid.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Participation in a pregnancy management program improves birth outcomes in women who are at risk of low-birth-weight deliveries. Early identification of pregnant women and their risk factors for the purpose of enrollment in a managed Medicaid prenatal program is an important factor in improving birth outcomes, specifically birth weight. Our results indicate that this is an important area for investment if birth outcomes are to be improved.
Symmetric Diblock Copolymers Confined by Two Nanopatterned Surfaces

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Using Monte Carlo simulations of a coarse-grained model, we explore the equilibrium morphologies of symmetric diblock copolymers between two chemically patterned surfaces. The chemical patterns on the surfaces consist of periodic stripes of width W with a periodicity Ls. The stripes on the two chemical patterns are oriented orthogonally. By systematically varying the width of the stripes, the interaction strength between the patterns and block copolymers, and the thickness of the block copolymer films, we investigate complex three-dimensional morphologies that are not available in the bulk and that could be useful in a wide array of applications. The results of simulations are shown to be in quantitative agreement with experimental observations.
Social Markers of Mild Cognitive Impairment: Proportion of Word Counts in Free Conversational Speech

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

\nBackground: Detecting early signs of Alzheimerâs disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during the pre-symptomatic phase is becoming increasingly important for cost-effective clinical trials and also for deriving maximum benefit from currently available treatment strategies. However, distinguishing early signs of MCI from normal cognitive aging is difficult. Biomarkers have been extensively examined as early indicators of the pathological process for AD, but assessing these biomarkers is expensive and challenging to apply widely among pre-symptomatic community dwelling older adults. Here we propose assessment of social markers, which could provide an alternative or complementary and ecologically valid strategy for identifying the pre-symptomatic phase leading to MCI and AD. Methods: The data came from a larger randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT), where we examined whether daily conversational interactions using remote video telecommunications software could improve cognitive functions of older adult participants. We assessed the proportion of words generated by participants out of total words produced by both participants and staff interviewers using transcribed conversations during the intervention trial as an indicator of how two people (participants and interviewers) interact with each other in one-on-one conversations. We examined whether the proportion differed between those with intact cognition and MCI, using first, generalized estimating equations with the proportion as outcome, and second, logistic regression models with cognitive status as outcome in order to estimate the area under ROC curve (ROC AUC). Results: Compared to those with normal cognitive function, MCI participants generated a greater proportion of words out of the total number of words during the timed conversation sessions (p=0.01). This difference remained after controlling for participant age, gender, interviewer and time of assessment (p=0.03). The logistic regression models showed the ROC AUC of identifying MCI (vs. normals) was 0.71 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.54 â 0.89) when average proportion of word counts spoken by subjects was included univariately into the model. Conclusion: An ecologically valid social marker such as the proportion of spoken words produced during spontaneous conversations may be sensitive to transitions from normal cognition to MCI.
The sheep genome illuminates biology of the rumen and lipid metabolism

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A genome for ewe and ewe Sheep-specific genetic changes underlie differences in lipid metabolism between sheep and other mammals, and may have contributed to the production of wool. Jiang et al. sequenced the genome of two Texel sheep, a breed that produces high-value meat, milk, and wool. The genome information will provide an important resource for livestock production and aid in the understanding of mammalian evolution. Science , this issue p. 1168
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH DESIGNING STRIPLINE RESONATOR FOR WIDE BAND MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The electrical properties of the dielectric materials can be described in terms of their relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent.To measure these electrical properties at microwave frequencies, the most commonly used technique is the resonant technique.This technique relates the measured resonant frequency and the quality factor of a resonator to the characteristic of the material from which it was constructed.The coplaner coupled stripline resonator is a modified version of the stripline resonator to increase the accuracy of measurements.This paper presents an analysis of the coplaner coupled stripline resonator technique as will as the proper design of it's gap, a Pspice model of this gap, and finally presents a discussion of the capacitance behavior .ofthis gap above some certain frequencies depending on the dimensions of the gap.
Complete Protection from Repeated Vaginal Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exposures in Macaques by a Topical Gel Containing Tenofovir Alone or with Emtricitabine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT New-generation gels that deliver potent antiretroviral drugs against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 have renewed hopes for topical prophylaxis as a prevention strategy. Previous preclinical research with monkey models suggested that high concentrations and drug combinations are needed for high efficacy. We evaluated two long-acting reverse transcriptase inhibitors, tenofovir (TFV) and emtricitabine (FTC), by using a twice-weekly repeat challenge macaque model and showed that a preexposure vaginal application of gel with 1% TFV alone or in combination with 5% FTC fully protected macaques from a total of 20 exposures to simian-human immunodeficiency virus SF162p3. FTC and TFV were detected in plasma 30 min after vaginal application, suggesting rapid absorption. FTC was detected more frequently than TFV and showed higher levels, reflecting the fivefold-higher concentration of this drug than of TFV. Two of 12 repeatedly exposed but protected macaques showed limited T-cell priming, which did not induce resistance to infection when macaques were rechallenged. Thus, single drugs with durable antiviral activity can provide highly effective topical prophylaxis and overcome the need for noncoital use or for drug combinations which are more complex and costly to formulate and approve.
Lanthanons(III) Complexes of Bifunctional Tridentate Schiff's Bases

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A systematic study of the reactions of isopropoxides of praseodymium, neodymium and samarium with bifunctional tridentate Schiff bases (acetylacetone‐O‐aminophenol and benzoylacetone‐O‐aminophenol) in equimolar ratios resulting in the formation of products with formula M(OPr i ) (SB), M(SB) (SBH) and M 2 (SB)3 (where SB is Schiff base anion, SBH is Schiff base and M is metal). The reactions have been found to be quite facile even at the room temperature as observed by immediate change of colour. The intensity of the colour of acetylacetone‐O‐aminophenol derivatives of rare earths decreased with the increasing stoichiometric ratio of the ligand i.e. from yellow to light yellow.
Effects of nitric oxide and its congeners on sickle red blood cell deformability

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by hemoglobin polymerization upon deoxygenation. Polymerization causes the sickle cells to become rigid and misshapen (sickling). Red blood cell (RBC) dehydration greatly increases polymerization. Cycles of sickling and unsickling cause an influx of calcium that leads to loss of potassium via the calcium‐activated Gardos channel, which dehydrates the cells leading to increased polymerization. In this study the effects of nitric oxide (NO) and its congeners on RBC deformability were examined, focusing on sickle RBCs (sRBCs). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS RBCs from patients with SCD and from nonpatients were exposed to various compounds that release NO or its congeners. Intracellular calcium was increased using a calcium ionophore or cycling of oxygen tension for sRBCs. Deformability was measured by laser‐assisted osmotic gradient ektacytometry. RESULTS Consistent with a previous report, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was found to protect against calcium‐induced loss of deformability in normal RBCs, but (contrary to some previous reports) no effect of any NO donors was observed when calcium influx was not induced. Importantly, in studies of deoxygenation‐induced dehydration of sRBCs, SNP resulted in substantial improvements in deformability (p = 0.036) and hydration (p = 0.024). Sodium nitrite showed similar trends. SNP was shown to have no effect on calcium influx, but reduced potassium efflux. CONCLUSION These data suggest that SNP and perhaps certain nitrogen oxides (like nitrite) inhibit the Gardos channel and may be able to protect sickle cells from dehydration and thereby improve outcome in the disease.
A Novel method for multiple attacks in NTP based routing algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile ad hoc networks are networks of mobile hosts with wireless interfaces that can dynamically form a network without the aid of any pre-existing infrastructure or centralized administration. Since the network topology changes frequently, efficient adaptive routing protocols such as AODV, DSR, and NTP are used. Security is the one of the major issue in mobile ad hoc network some of the attacks such as modification, fabrication, impersonation and denial of service attacks are due to misbehavior of malicious nodes, which disrupts the transmission. To avoid such attacks some of cryptographic algorithms and key management schemes are used. Some of the existing security protocols are ARAN, SAODV and SEAD etc. In this paper, novel key management scheme is implemented in NTP protocol, since node transition probability (NTP) based algorithm provides maximum utilization of bandwidth during heavy traffic with less overhead. NTP determines stable routes using received power, but the packet delivery cannot be guaranteed since it is a non secured protocol. The proposal detects the modification, impersonation, TTL and timing attacks and, avoids the effects of malicious node and determines appropriate measures to discard such malicious nodes in dynamic condition.
Breeding and Rearing African Greys

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The first thing one learns when breeding African Greys is that they are all so different. Each pair will act, react and do things differently. There is not a common denominator such as is commonly found in Amazons , macaws, etc. We have several pairs of greys. Some exhibit the sterotype behavior of greys, of being shy and retiring. Another stereotype is that they will shake from fright when approached, tJy to hide, and ce1tainly growl. Fo1tunately we have none that exhibit fear but this may be because of the physical situation of the birds and their cages. The birds are kept in the same cage, with the nest box attached, year round. The cages are suspended off the ground, and are made of 12 gauge, half by three inch wire. The cages are eight feet long, four feet high and 30 inches wide. They are high enough so that the perches are at least six feet from the gound. This allows the birds to look down on me. The metal nest box is boot or L-shaped. Box dimensions are 18 inches high and long by II inches wide. The access hole is four inches square near the top of the L. The boxes are hung on the outside of the cage. There is an inspection door with wire screen so that when the door is opened the birds cannot escape. I feel this is important because several of the pairs will not exit the box when I inspect. The inspection door on the boot (leg) should also be higher than normal because of the greys' tendency to scratch and pile the nesting material up against the door. I use one inch thick pine boards for flooring and pine shavings above tl1at. The entire inside of the nest box is painted with a flat black paint. The birds seem to feel more secure in the darkness. The perches are tree branches, usually eucalyptus, located at each end of the cage. At the opposite end from tl1e nest box is the feeding area. A 12 inch square attachment, the width of the cage, holds the water and food dishes . This area is covered. There is a six foot solid divider between cages. At the food end of the cage, two feet are open to adjoining cages. Four feet of the cage is covered on top, including the nest box. At the nest box end, I have hinged plywood that is raised in the summer for ventilation and put down in the winter to protect from the cold winter winds. The cages are located in an Emu pasture under deciduous oaks. In the winter, the birds get tl1e benefit of the sun, in the summer they are shaded. The Emus do not disturb the greys. Our birds generally sit out in the open during the most inclement weather. They love bathing in the rain and will play in the snow when it is fresh on their cage.
MANDA system: A VME data acquisition system for nuclear physics experiments

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The authors consider the MANDA (Multiprocessor Applied to Nuclear Data Acquisition) systems. They describe the running version of the system, which has been coupled to a double front-end. The data-sorting in this case is accomplished by hardware using CAMAC histogramming memories. Software data analysis is available on the Vaxstation. Some development details concerning the coupling with new front ends and the VME online data analysis system are given.< >
Red‐Shifted Bioluminescence Using Substrate‐Fluorophore Conjugates

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract NanoLuc (NLuc) is one of the brightest luciferases and has been used in numerous reporter assays and sensor designs. However, its blue light emission (460 nm) is suboptimal for deep tissue imaging or some diagnostic application, and red shifting its emission is desirable. Here, we report the design and synthesis of novel furimazine and coelenterazine analogs conjugated with fluorophores to achieve red‐shifted bioluminescence with NLuc and closely related H‐Luc via a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Structural insights into NLuc‐substrate interactions informed the functionalization of substrates. We report the synthesis of novel substrate‐fluorophore conjugates. We show that red‐shifted emission was achieved with high BRET ratios. The conjugates are less bright than the parent substrates, but our study highlights the importance of linker length and flexibility for optimizing bioluminescence emission reaching wavelength beyond 600 nm.
Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Measurements and Separation Process for the Quinary Methanol + Methylal + 2-Butanol + 2-(Methoxymethoxy)-butane + (±)-Di-sec-butoxymethane System

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Binary isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for methanol (MeOH) + 2-(methoxymethoxy)-butane (SMMB), 2-butanol (SBOH) + (±)-di-sec-butoxymethane (DSBM), and SMMB + DSBM at 101.3 kPa were measured. The saturated vapor pressures for SMMB and DSBM in the corresponding temperature range were determined and then regressed to obtain the Antoine parameters by Aspen Plus. The thermodynamic consistency of all of the VLE data was confirmed by the Van Ness differential test and the pure component consistency test. T–x–y diagrams of the three systems were plotted. Related binary interaction parameters were obtained through the correlation using Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC models. The circular reaction approach was proposed and designed to solve the separation of the azeotropic composition (SBOH + SMMB). Then, the separation process for the quinary system of MeOH + methylal (DMM) + SBOH + SMMB + DSBM was proposed and simulated in Aspen Plus. The purity of the main product DSBM was 99.14 wt %.
Designs against Charleston: The Trial Record of the Denmark Vesey Slave Conspiracy of 1822

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Designs against Charleston: The Trial Record of the Denmark Vesey Slave Conspiracy of 1822. Ed. by Edward A. Pearson. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. xx, 387 pp. $49.95, ISBN 0-8078-2446-1.) Get access Lorri Glover Lorri Glover University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 88, Issue 2, September 2001, Pages 642–643, https://doi.org/10.2307/2675142 Published: 01 September 2001