jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Functional properties of food proteins polymerized by transglutaminase.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The following properties of food proteins polymerized by guinea pig liver transglutaminase were investigated: (1) solubility, (2) emulsifying activity and emulsion stability, and (3) un frozen water content by pulsed NMR. Several food proteins (αsl- and κ-caseins, and soybean 7S and 11S globulins) were polymerized by this enzyme. Solubility and emulsifying activity of polymerized αsl-casein were higher than those of the native protein in the range of pH4-6. Unfrozen water contents of polymerized soybean globulins were muchhigher than those of the native proteins. These results suggest that transglutaminase treatment maybe used for the production of newfood protein material with higher hydration ability.
Cr:ZnSe guided wave lasers and materials

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We describe a variety of technological advances in the development of efficient, powerful, and continuously tunable Cr:ZnSe lasers operating in the 2.3-2.7 μm spectral region. This includes the development of compact "single chip" waveguide Cr:ZnSe lasers, waveguide mode-locked Cr:ZnSe lasers, and the creation of homogeneously broadened laser material.
What Do You Do If You’ve Been at the Poker Table for Twenty Minutes and Still Can’t Spot the Sucker? Implications for Individual Investors

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In comparison with other market participants, individual investors face an informational deficit. Recognizing this, we ask whether strategies exist which might nevertheless hold out hope for them outperforming the market. We proceed by simulating the behavior of mean-regressing stocks, and estimate the excess returns of a strategy of writing a short-term covered call option and, if the option is not exercised, selling the stock the next time it exceeds the purchase price. Excess returns in the range of 4-6% were observed. Obtaining these returns did not require accepting additional risk, either in the economic or statistical sense, as mean-reverting stocks tend to have both less business risk and lower price volatility than others. Nor did they require that the investors purchase stocks below their true value, only that the investor could identify mean-reverting stocks, and also identify a lower bound on the value around which prices will regress. One of the advantages possessed by individual investors is that their trading behavior is unlikely to affect prices, and thus more strategies are realistically available to them. This is an example of a strategy which couldn’t be easily implemented by an institution but might be appropriate for an individual investor.
Enriching Home Vocabulary Through Diorama

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Diorama is one of English learning media used for elementary school students with attractive three- dimensional design. It can help teachers in showing illustrations of objects in miniature which is almost similar to the original form. With the unique design of this diorama, it can provide learning media innovation for students to be more interactive during learning. This media is made interesting in order to bring up students' motivation in learning English. In addition, this diorama is equipped with numbers that become vocabulary targets. The existence of velcro or fabric adhesive can facilitate students in removing and placing the existing vocabulary. It can make students easier to understand the material because they can match the vocabulary with the numbers on the part of the house that becomes the target vocabulary. Implementation of diorama media to students, can be used through learning materials about reading and speaking.
The Role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in Breast Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Matriks metalloproteinaz (MMP)lar kalsiyum ve çinko bağımlı proteolitik enzim ailesidir. Bu ailenin bir üyesi olan MMP-2 ve MMP9 jelatini, tip IV, V, VII ve X kollajeni parçalayan tip IV kollajenazlardır. MMP-2 fibroblastlar, endotel hücreleri ve osteoblastlar; MMP-9 inflamatuar hücreler, tümör hücreleri, keratinositler ve epitel hücreleri tarafından sentezlenmektedir. Jelatinazlar, zimojen olarak salgılanırlar ve prodomainlerin bölünmesi ile aktif formlarına dönüşürler. MMP-2 ve MMP-9, meme kanseri hücrelerinde proliferasyon, migrasyon, invazyon ve metastaza yol açmaktadır. Hem MMP-2'nin hem de MMP9'un, meme kanseri tedavisine yönelik olarak polimorfizmlerini ve ekspresyonlarını/aktivitelerini araştıran çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Meme kanseri progresyonu ve metastazındaki önemli rolleri nedeni ile bu enzimlerin ortak fonksiyonel polimorfizmlerinin, hasta sağkalımını da içeren fenotipik özellikleriyle meme kanseri gelişimine katkıda bulunduğu bildirilmektedir. Di-2-Etilheksilfitalat, PAX6, hücresel prion proteini, natriüretik peptid reseptörü A, aktif lökosit hücre adezyon molekülü, EZH2, eGFR'nin ligand EGF ile etkileşimi, integrin ve integrin olmayan reseptörlerle etkileşim, TF-FVIIa/tripsin aracılı proteaz ile reseptör 2'nin aktivasyonu ile MMP-2 ve/veya MMP-9'un ekspresyonunun arttığı gösterilmektedir. Meme kanserinde invazyon ve metastaz üzerindeki etkileri nedeni ile potansiyel tedavi hedefi olarak MMP-2 ve MMP-9'u inhibe etmeye yönelik olarak Alisol A, Casticin, Orientin, Luteolin ve [15]pyN5 ve [16]pyN5 üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede, meme kanserinde MMP-2 ve MMP-9'un rolü, polimorfizmleri, bu enzimlerin ekspresyonunu/aktivitesini artıran etkileşimleri, moleküller ile inhibisyonları incelenecek ve son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar sunulacaktır.
Hannah Arendt, “Reflections on Little Rock,” and White Ignorance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Hannah Arendt has been criticized for her “blindness” to the sociopolitical significance of race and racism in the West, most notably, in her “Reflections on Little Rock.” I consider three prominent explanations for Arendt's wrongheaded conclusions in “Reflections.” First, the “category interpretation” presents Arendt's conclusions as resulting from her rigid application of philosophical categories—the public, the private, and the social—to events in Little Rock. Second, the “racial prejudice interpretation” presents Arendt's conclusions as resulting from her anti-black racism and her dismissal of the political strivings of African Americans. Third, the “cultural interpretation” presents Arendt's conclusions as resulting from her misunderstanding of the sociopolitical significance of race and racism in the United States. Each of these interpretations advances our understanding of Arendt's oversights, but I contend that they do not go far enough. I argue that white ignorance constitutes a fundamental epistemic error in Arendt's work and, as such, strengthens current explanations of Arendt's “blindness” to the history and political strivings of African Americans. If accepted, my analysis—following Charles Mills's work on white ignorance—calls for increased theoretical work on epistemologies of ignorance, their function in Western political philosophy, and the affect of white ignorance on cognizers in American society.
White pearl cornflowers in the coastal zone of the Kahovka reservoir: the current state of the population and measures for their protection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper presents data concerning the conditions of the population of two species of white pearl cornflowers -Centaurea appendicata Klokov and C. konkaе Klokov (section Pseudophalolepis Klokov) -on the banks of the Kakhovka Water Reservoir.Both species are extremely rare, local endemics of the lower Dnepr sands, included in the Red book of Ukraine.In the article the syntaxonomy of sandy communities with their participation are established, and the nature of the data population is presented.The factors influencing the decline of these species are determined in the article and measures to protect these species are proposed.
Development of highly processable sodium glassy solid-state electrolytes for all solid-state batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Developing an alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries has been heavily researched to enable safe, cost-effective, and more energy dense technology. Sodium solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are of particular interest due to their potential to lower the cost and environmental risks of lithium systems. While there are many classes of sodium SSEs, glassy solid electrolytes (GSEs) have been heavily researched due to their beneficial properties. GSEs can be studied over a wide compositional space, where small changes can be made in the structure to achieve the desired changes in properties. GSEs can also be processed in unique ways compared to other classes of material systems due to their ability to exhibit viscous flow past their glass transition temperature (Tg). This thesis explores two series of GSEs, one a single glass former system mixed oxy-sulfide-nitride (MOSN) series, and one a mixed glass former (MGF) mixed oxy-sulfide (MOS) series. The first series, Na4P2S7-6xO4.62xN0.92x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 (NaPSON), was studied for its short range order (SRO) structures and properties. The nitrogen incorporated into the NaPSON series showed a positive effect on the ionic conductivity and thermal properties compared to glasses without nitrogen. Further, the x = 0.2 glass in the NaPSON series, Na4P2S5.8O0.92N0.18 (NaPSON-2), was found to be uncrystallizable allowing it to be processed into thin film. The electrochemical properties of NaPSON-2 thin film were determined and showed the glass could cycle at 5 A/cm2 at room temperature. However, NaPSON-2 exhibited an increase in resistance over 200 cycles due to a decomposition reaction of the main phosphate network, where the P2S74- and PS43- SRO units were found to decompose to P2S64- and Na3P. With this limitation in pure phosphate glasses determined, a second series of GSEs was developed to combat this (0.6-0.08y)Na2S+(0.4-0.08y)[(1- y)[(1-x)SiS2+xPS5/2]+yNaPO3], 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.35 and 0.15 ≤ y ≤ 0.35 (NaPSiSO). This second series was also studied for its SRO structures and properties to determine a composition for high performance all solid-state sodium batteries (ASSSBs). These complex GSEs were found to be highly processable, and an ideal composition was determined, x = 0.15 and y = 0.15 (NaPSiSO-15), to be stable under an applied voltage and sustained current vs. Na-metal. The electrochemical behavior of NaPSiSO-15 was studied and found to show stability up to 4 V and stable cycling at 0.1 mA cm-2 for > 500 h.
BOND GRAPH MODELING OF A HYDRAULIC VIBRATION SYSTEM: SIMULATION AND CONTROL

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electro hydraulic drives are often used where the dynamic response requirements of the driven load in terms of speed, cycling, accuracy and stability are particularly severe. One such application is the control and drive system associated with a high frequency hydraulic vibrator. A hydraulic shaker controls a valve which directs high pressure hydraulic fluid to generate controlled vibration. Hydraulic shakers typically have long stroke and large force and are useful up to many hundreds of Hertz vibration frequency. In this paper, bond graph modeling is used to study and simulate the effect of various components in a hydraulic circuit on a shaker performance. The intention is that the electrohydraulic system vibrates at a specified force or displacement amplitude and frequency for the controlled vibration of a load attached to the rod. This paper describes the simulation and control of such system. Feedforward PID control scheme is utilized in the simulations to control the system and to track a variable reference signal.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Enrichment designs are being increasingly used in fields such as chronic pain research because they may better reflect routine clinical practice than other study designs. Researchers use a variety of methods to perform the first stage of an enrichment design trial. This chapter examines the varied strategies involved in developing a trial using an enrichment design, the advantages and disadvantages of this method and considers the issues when planning a study using enrichment strategies. Issues related to washout periods were considered in the trial using the enrichment design to examine the use of gabapentin for treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). The distinction between enrichment by response and enrichment by expected mechanism of action is significant. An enrichment design is well suited to examine treatments with small effect sizes in a general population with increased efficiency, particularly those treatments with a greater expected effect in a particular subpopulation of subjects.
Axonal peripheral nerve demage in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has a negative effect on peripheral nerve functions. There are few studies regarding this issue. The aim of the study is to investigate peripheral nerve functions via electromyography (EMG) in patients with OSAS. Methods: Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) was determined via polysomnography. There were 21 patients in the OSAS group (RDI≥5) and 10 individuals in the control group (RDI<5). Conventional sensory and motor conduction studies were performed on the upper and lower extremities via EMG. Results: The right median and ulnar sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) and the right tibial, left tibial, and left median compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude measurements were significantly lower in the OSAS patients when compared to the control group (p<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between the RDI and the right median and ulnar SNAP and right tibial CMAP amplitudes. There was a significant positive correlation between the average oxygen saturation and the right median, left median, and ulnar SNAP and the right tibial CMAP amplitude measurements. Conclusions: Results indicate that the axonal damage due to night desaturations increased in those with OSAS.
Further perceptions of probability : The perception-cognition gap and sequence retention models under continuously changing Bernoulli distributions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Hyman Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis (Minsky, 1977) proposes that cyclicality in the financial market is caused by a rational process of learning and inference of probabilities. Although a substantial literature is available on the perception of stationary probability distributions, the learning of non-stationary distributions has received less interest. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate people’s cognitive ability to learn cyclical changes in an underlying probability from feedback. Key aspects of the design of Gallistel et al. (2014) are replicated, but under continuously, rather than stepwise, changing Bernoulli distributions to establish: (i) if the learning process is continuous or discrete, (ii) if there is only local learning or if people induce the underlying functional form, and (iii) if there are any differences in performance between perceptual and cognitive formulations of the task. The step-hold updating model introduced by Gallistel et al. (2014) is compared to two simple trial by trial updating models. The results suggest that (i) the learning process is continuous, (ii) people perceive the functional form explicitly but do not extrapolate, and (iii) there are some differences depending on framing. One of the trial by trial models outperforms the step-hold model for the majority of subjects in this sample and version of the task.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemically Modified Oligonucleotides as Probes and Inhibitors

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Making A Multi Purpose Liquid (Eco-Enzyme) as An Alternative for Prosesing Household Organic Waste and Reviewing Its Benefits

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

<p><em>This activity was conducted to increase public awareness and knowledge in managing household organic waste into eco-enzymes. Eco-enzyme is a natural liquid from the fermentation process of organic kitchen waste such as fruit and vegetable peels, granulated sugar (white sugar, brown sugar, or cane sugar), and water. The training activity was held at the home of the head of Gentan Hamlet, Doplang Village, Bawen Subdistrict, Semarang Regency on Wednesday, October 25, 2023, with the training participants being women members of Dasawisma (Dawis). The activity was carried out using socialization and demonstration methods to facilitate participants' understanding of the material and the process of making eco-enzymes. Based on the evaluation results, the participants were very enthusiastic about learning new knowledge they did not know before. Participants learned about the technology of making eco-enzymes from household waste. In addition to creating a clean environment, the resulting eco-enzyme also provides various benefits for life.</em></p>
‘Beautiful to the eye, pleasing to the ear’: Educational performance inA Pictorial Story of Hiawatha(1904–1908)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From 1904 to 1908 the married couple Katharine Ertz-Bowden and Charles Bowden traveled the Midwest with the illustrated lecture A Pictorial Story of Hiawatha. Using hand-colored stereopticon slides and moving pictures, the Bowdens documented a live pageant of the Hiawatha story performed by Ojibwa actors from the Garden River Reservation. The Bowdens presented their lecture at venues devoted to education outside of the schoolroom including summer Chautuaquas and Lyceum courses. Based on primary historical research and an ongoing archival reconstruction of the existing media artifacts from the Bowdens’ Hiawatha performance, this article will present a close reading of the lecture that will add to the literature on early cinema and illustrated lectures. To examine how this performance worked as a form of pedagogical media, this article contends that a focus on its intermedial nature highlights the central role of performance in educating. Moreover, Charles Bowden’s work as a projectionist, normally considered a technical job supporting a film screening, was as important as Ertz-Bowden’s role as lecturer in making their images communicate to audiences.
Sortase A as a tool for high‐yield histatin cyclization

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Cyclic peptides are highly valued tools in biomedical research. In many cases, they show higher receptor affinity, enhanced biological activity, and improved serum stability. Technical difficulties in producing cyclic peptides, especially larger ones, in appreciable yields have precluded a prolific use in biomedical research. Here, we describe a novel and efficient cyclization method that uses the peptidyl‐transferase activity of the Staphylococcus aureus enzyme sortase A to cyclize linear synthetic precursor peptides. As a model, we used histatin 1, a 38‐mer salivary peptide with motogenic activity. Chemical cyclization of histatin 1 resulted in ≤3% yields, whereas sortase‐mediated cyclization provided a yield of >90%. The sortase‐cyclized peptide displayed a maximum wound closure activity at 10 nM, whereas the linear peptide displayed maximal activity at 10 μM. Circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopic analysis of the linear and cyclic peptide in solution showed no evidence for conformational changes, suggesting that structural differences due to cyclization only became manifest when these peptides were located in the binding domain of the receptor. The sortase‐based cyclization technology provides a general method for easy and efficient manufacturing of large cyclic peptides.—Bolscher, J. G. M., Oudhoff, M. J., Nazmi, K., Antos, J. M., Guimaraes, C. P., Spooner, E., Haney, E. F., Garcia‐Vallejo, J. J., Vogel, H. J., van't Hof, W., Ploegh, H. L., Veerman. E. C. I. Sortase A as a tool for high‐yield histatin cyclization. FASEB J. 25, 2650–2658 (2011). www.fasebj.org
Changes in Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms Among Adults in the United States From 2005 to 2016

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: This study examined interview data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2016. AIM: To determine national trends in self-reported depressive symptoms. METHOD: Depressive symptoms were assessed using self-reported data on the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with a total score ≥10 and an individual item score of 2 or 3, indicating greater severity. RESULTS: A total of 31,191 individuals contributed PHQ-9 data from 2005 to 2016. The absolute proportion of individuals with total PHQ-9 score ≥10 increased from 6.2% to 8.1%. After adjustment for participant demographic characteristics and comorbid conditions, the odds ratio for high PHQ-9 score at the end versus the beginning of the study interval was 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI: 1.07, 1.50]). Anhedonia, guilt/worthlessness, appetite, and hypoactivity/hyperactivity had the largest increases in individual item risk after adjusting for demographic and comorbid characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: There were sizeable increases in the prevalence of self-reported depressive symptoms in the United States over an 11-year period. Further work is needed to understand the reasons for and implications of this increase. However, the results suggest greater efforts should be made by health care providers to screen for depressive symptoms that may warrant further assessment, treatment, or referral to mental health services as needed.
Ependymomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ependymomas are a heterogeneous group of primary central nervous system neoplasms with different clinico-radiological characteristics, pathological and molecular features, and survival outcomes. Surgical resection represents the gold standard with gross total resection feasible in up to 60–70% of patients. Adjuvant radiotherapy is standard of care in grade III anaplastic and in incompletely resected grade II tumors. Reoperation and reirradiation (including stereotactic radiotherapy) are increasingly adopted at recurrence. Chemotherapy can be useful as salvage therapy, using temozolomide or platinum compounds. Myxopapillary ependymomas are not considered benign tumors any more, as they tend to recur and/or disseminate in the cerebrospinal fluid. New molecular alterations are being discovered in ependymomas, and this will allow them in the future to be subdivided into molecularly based subgroups that can be targeted with specific compounds.