jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetics and morphological character evolution in the achyranthoid clade (Amaranthaceae): Evidence to re‐circumscribe the genera Achyranthes and Cyathula and to resurrect a third species of the former genus Sericocomopsis in East Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The achyranthoid clade constitutes the second most species‐rich lineage of the Amaranthaceae after the gomphrenoid clade. The Achyranthoids are mostly African, in contrast to the largely Neotropical Gomphrenoids, and comprise a large number of genera, many of which were revealed as non‐monophyletic. Here were focus on subclade II of the Achyranthoids with the so far accepted genera Achyranthes , Achyropsis , Centrostachys , Cyathula , Nelsia , Nototrichium , Pandiaka , Sericocomopsis , and Sericostachys . Building upon an earlier dataset, we extended taxon and character sampling, both for molecular and morphological characters. Our plastid and nuclear trees converge on several highly supported clades, one comprising most species of Cyathula , Nelsia , Pandiaka and two highly divergent lineages of plants hitherto identified as Sericocomopsis hildebrandtii . Morphologically, individuals within these lineages are similar, with one of them matching the type of Sericocomopsis meruensis . This name was formerly considered a synonym and is resurrected at species level. Cymous partial florescences are ancestral in this clade, which corresponds to the genus Cyathula as re‐circumscribed here. To the contrary, sterile flowers and bracteoles or tepals modified to hooks serving dispersal by animals appear multiple times within and outside this clade, indicating how their use as diagnostic characters for genera led to non‐monophyletic entities. For the phylogenetically isolated and morphologically distinct Cyathula orthacantha the new genus Sebsebea is described, and for Sericocomopsis pallida the new genus Evelynastra . The Achyranthes clade is characterized by solitary, fertile flowers including the genera Achyropsis and Nototrichium both of which are merged to make Achyranthes monophyletic. In addition to a treatment to establish all required nomenclatural changes and typifications, we also provide a taxonomic backbone with full synonymy for the achyranthoid subclade II.
Personality Does Affect Conflict Handling Style: Study of Future Managers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Conflicts are one of the indispensible parts of organizations life. Managing conflicts is issue that is to be considered to solve the said problem and to overcome the negative impacts of conflicts at work place. This paper is aimed to examine relationship between personality traits and preferred conflict handling style. Big five traits model are selected for personality assessment. Big five personality factors are extroversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, emotional stability and agreeableness. Conflict handling styles are compromising, competing, avoiding, accommodating and collaborating. This paper covers two personality traits Extraversion and Openness to experience and only two conflict handling styles i.e. avoiding and competing. A total of 300 students are randomly selected for data collection. Description and correlation is used for analysis. Findings suggest that there is significant relationship between personality type and conflict handling style adopted by individuals. Implications of the study for future researchers as well as practical implications are discussed in the paper.
Electronic structure of HgSe(001) investigated by direct and inverse photoemission

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Stimulated by recent photoemission results which suggest a positive fundamental energy gap in HgSe, we have investigated the electronic structure of molecular beam epitaxially grown HgSe(001) $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ layers by a combination of direct ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and inverse (IPES) photoelectron spectroscopy. Our UPS results do not support the finding of additional peaks above the valence band maximum (VBM) of Gawlik et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3165 (1997)]. A comparison of angle-integrated UPS and IPES spectra and ab initio calculated density of states of HgSe and HgTe demonstrates dissimilar behavior of the two compounds in the dispersion of the conduction bands between 0 and 2 eV above the VBM. Our results are compatible with the common view that HgSe is a semimetal.
Interactions among Cloud, Water Vapor, Radiation, and Large-Scale Circulation in the Tropical Climate. Part II: Sensitivity to Spatial Gradients of Sea Surface Temperature

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The responses of the large-scale circulation, clouds, and water vapor to an imposed sea surface temperature (SST) gradient are investigated. Simulations compare reasonably to averaged observations over the Pacific, considering the simplifications applied to the model. The model responses to sinusoidal SST patterns have distinct circulations in the upper and lower troposphere. The upper circulation is sensitive to the heating from deep convection over the warmest SST. Stronger SST gradients are associated with stronger longwave cooling above stratus clouds in the subsidence region, stronger lower-tropospheric large-scale circulation, a reduction of the rain area, and larger area coverage of low clouds. A similar SST gradient with a warmer mean temperature produces slightly weaker lower-tropospheric circulation, and slightly reduced low cloud coverage. The outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) is not sensitive to the mean SST or the range of the imposed sinusoidal SST gradient. The positive feedbacks of water vapor and decreasing high cloud OLR compensate for the increase in longwave emission with increasing mean temperature in these simulations. As the SST gradient is increased keeping the mean SST constant, the positive high cloud feedback is still active, but the air temperature increases in proportion to the maximum SST in the domain, increasing the clear-sky OLR value and keeping the average OLR constant. The net absorbed shortwave radiation (SWI) is found to be extremely sensitive to the SST gradient. The stronger lower-tropospheric large-scale circulation produces a higher water content in the high and low clouds, increasing the absolute magnitude of the shortwave cloud forcing. A 25% increase in the maximum zonal mass flux of the lower circulation of the 300-K mean, 4-K SST range simulation leads to a 7.4 W m−2 decrease in SWI. Increasing the mean SST creates a positive feedback in these simulations because of the decrease in the lower-tropospheric large-scale circulation and the resultant decrease in cloud optical depth.
Effect of Light Intensity on Dionaea muscipula Photosynthesis Measured by Action Potential Response Time to Close Trap

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Photosynthesis particularities such as light intensity and the coupled action potential exhibited visually in adramatic fashion by Dionaea muscipula is of investigative value. This plant’s electrophysiology in theabsence of a true nervous system can provide insights into understanding how environmental changesaffect all plants in general. We hypothesized that light being a reactant of photosynthesis, greater intensitywill lead to greater photosynthetic rate which we were able to quantify by proxy of the action potentialresponse time of Venus flytrap closing. This was done by means of video recording in slow motion andappropriate software analysis tools. The plants were kept in a stable environment with no external lightinterference or major temperature fluctuations and positioned under LED grow lights set at different lightintensities resulting in five treatment conditions with three independent samples. Although statisticalanalysis by one-way ANOVA suggests no significant difference between the mean response time of thetraps closing in the different lighting conditions hence failing to reject our null hypothesis, a suggestivetrend was observed with faster response of the plant traps in brighter lighting conditions as was initiallypredicted and supported by literature. Interestingly, the fastest response time was found to be in the 80%condition which would be around the 6000lux mark leading us to suspect that this is an optimal lightingcondition for plants with needs alike D. muscipula’s. At greater light intensities the chlorophyll complexpigments are in higher proportion leading to higher photosynthetic rates (Nelson and Cox) and morepronounced response of the electrical cascade of reactions that generate the plant closing its trap event(Volkov et al.; Trebacz et al.). Nonetheless, our result was not statistically significant and further studieswith suggested improvements would need to be conducted to be able to arrive to more confidentconclusions and determine the effect of light intensity on the photosynthetic rate of D. muscipula.
Cutaneous bullae and frusemide in chronic renal failure.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deadlock freedom is a key challenge in the design of communication networks. Wormhole switching is a popular switching technique, which is also prone to deadlocks. Deadlock analysis of routing functions is a manual and complex task. We propose an algorithm that automatically proves routing functions deadlock-free or outputs a minimal counter-example explaining the source of the deadlock. Our algorithm is the first to automatically check a necessary and sufficient condition for deadlock-free routing. We illustrate its efficiency in a complex adaptive routing function for torus topologies. Results are encouraging. Deciding deadlock freedom is co-NP-Complete for wormhole networks. Nevertheless, our tool proves a 13 × 13 torus deadlock-free within seconds. Finding minimal deadlocks is more difficult. Our tool needs four minutes to find a minimal deadlock in a 11 × 11 torus while it needs nine hours for a 12 × 12 network.
Nested Orthogonal Arrays

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Orthogonal Arrays allow us to test various levels of each factor and balance the different factors so that we can estimate interactions as well as first order effects. There is a trade-off between how well we can sample different levels of each factor and how many interactions we are able to estimate. This paper describes one method to mitigate this trade-off. This method will allow us, with n observations, to sample n levels of each factor and minimize the correlation between the estimates of first order terms and their interactions.
Case Study of Implementing Various Hydraulic Fracturing Software in the Challenging Operational Conditions of Saudi Arabia

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A multitude of pseudo 3D and advanced 3D modeling software solutions are available for hydraulic fracturing optimization. These tools serve as indispensable aides for predicting fracture behavior, optimizing performance, and making informed decisions. This paper provides an overview and comparative analysis of the existing fracturing simulation techniques available and concludes practices for simulating the fracturing that helps achieving the optimum fracturing job execution. The comparative analyses were performed by using pseudo 3D and advanced 3D modelling software packages. All simulations were conducted in unconventional (&lt;0.01 mD) and tight gas sandstone (0.1 – 1.0 mD). Each simulation revealed fracture behavior nuances specific to these reservoirs, providing valuable insights for informed decision. For the execution and data acquisition study, reliability and troubleshooting efficiency were used among the main criteria. Applications were grouped by geological and operational conditions. For the first-time users and experts, the selection process can be daunting. Each software package comes with its own algorithms, assumptions, and limitations. Understanding these nuances is crucial for accurate predictions and effective decision-making, as even experts face dilemmas. As they need to delve into complex reservoir scenarios, and grapple with questions like: Which simulator accounts for geomechanical effects most accurately? How does each tool handle fluid flow in heterogeneous formations? What computational trade-offs exist between pseudo 3D and advanced 3D models? Current research endeavors to bridge the knowledge or understanding gap. By meticulously comparing various fracturing software tools, aiming to: quantify performance, by evaluating predictive accuracy, computational efficiency, and scalability; probe assumptions, by uncovering hidden assumptions within each model; benchmark against field data, by validating simulations against more realistic fracture behavior; recommendations, by providing evidence-based recommendations for tool selection based on reservoir characteristics, operational constraints, and user expertise. This paper offers the readers a comparative analyses study that seeks to empower engineers, geoscientists, and decision-makers by unraveling the intricacies of fracturing software tools. Through rigorous analyses, it paves the way from raw data to informed decisions.
Pursuit and evasion differential games described by infinite two-systems of first order differential equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Differential games are a special kind of problems for dynamic systems particularly \n for moving objects. Many reseachers had drawn interests on control and differential \n game problems described by parabolic and hyperbolic partial differential equations \n which can be reduced to the ones described by infinite systems of ordinary differential \n equations by using decomposition method. \n The main purpose of this thesis is to study pursuit and evasion differential game \n problems described by first order infinite two-systems of differential equations in \n Hilbert space, Ɩ₂. The control functions of the players are subjected to the geometric \n constraints. Pursuit is considered completed, if the state of the system coincides with \n the origin. In the game, the pursuer’s goal is to complete the pursuit while oppositely, \n the evader tries to avoid this. \n First, we solve for first order non-homogenous system of differential equations to \n obtain the general solution zk(t), k = 1,2, .... Then, to validate the existence and \n uniqueness of the general solution, we first prove that the general solution exists in \n Hilbert space. Next, we prove that the general solution is continous on time interval \n [0;T]. \n Our main contribution is that we examine the game by solving an auxiliary control \n problem, validating a control function and find a time for which state of the system \n can be steered to the origin. Then, we solve pursuit problem by constructing pursuit strategy and obtain guaranteed pursuit time, θ₁, under the speed of pursuer \n Σk=1|uk(t,v(t))|² < p² for any v(.) Ɛ S(á). However, for evasion differential game \n problem, we prove that evasion is possible when the speed of evader, á, is greater or \n equal than that of pursuer, p, on the interval [0,T].
[A case of acid burn of the penis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 27-year-old man presented to our hospital complaining of multiple mild injuries sustained in an attack of violence at the workplace. He had received chemical burns to the penis induced by hydrochloric acid and had developed severe phimosis. He complained of pain on erection and ballooning during urination. The foreskin was partially resected with foreskin grafting for the stricture. The postoperative outcome was favorable and his symptoms were relieved.
Local Uncertainty Inequalities for Locally Compact Groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $G$ be a locally compact unimodular group equipped with Haar measure $m$, $\hat G$ its unitary dual and $\mu$ the Plancherel measure (or something closely akin to it) on $\hat G$. When $G$ is a euclidean motion group, a non-compact semisimple Lie group or one of the Heisenberg groups we prove local uncertainty inequalities of the following type: given $\theta \in \left [ {0,\tfrac {1} {2}} \right .)$ there exists a constant ${K_\theta }$ such that for all $f$ in a certain class of functions on $G$ and all measurable $E \subseteq \hat G$, \[ {\left ( {\int _E {\operatorname {Tr} (\pi {{(f)}^{\ast }}\pi (f)) d\mu (\pi )} } \right )^{1/2}} \leqslant {K_\theta }\mu {(E)^\theta }||{\phi _\theta }f|{|_2}\] where ${\phi _\theta }$ is a certain weight function on $G$ (for which an explicit formula is given). When $G = {{\mathbf {R}}^k}$ the inequality has been established with ${\phi _\theta }(x) = |x{|^{k\theta }}$.
Health outcomes and economic burden of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the United States

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aims of this study were to evaluate health outcomes and the economic burden of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the United States. Hospitalized patients with a primary or secondary discharge diagnosis code for COVID-19 (ICD-10 code U07.1) from 1 April to 31 October 2020 were identified in the Premier Healthcare COVID-19 Database. Patient demographics, hospitalization characteristics, and concomitant medical conditions were assessed. Hospital length of stay (LOS), in-hospital mortality, hospital charges, and hospital costs were evaluated overall and stratified by age groups, insurance types, and 4 COVID-19 disease progression states based on intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) usage. Of the 173,942 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the median age was 63 years, 51.0% were male, and 48.5% were covered by Medicare. The most prevalent concomitant medical conditions were cardiovascular disease (73.5%), hypertension (64.8%), diabetes (40.7%), obesity (27.0%), and chronic kidney disease (24.2%). Approximately one-fifth (21.9%) of the hospitalized COVID-19 patients were admitted to the ICU and 16.9% received IMV; most patients (73.6%) did not require ICU admission or IMV, and 12.4% required both. The median hospital LOS was 5 days, in-hospital mortality was 13.6%, median hospital charges were $43,986, and median hospital costs were $12,046. Hospital LOS and in-hospital mortality increased with ICU and/or IMV usage and age; hospital charges and costs increased with ICU and/or IMV usage. Patients with both ICU and IMV usage had the longest median hospital LOS (15 days), highest in-hospital mortality (53.8%), and highest hospital charges ($198,394) and hospital costs ($54,402). This retrospective administrative database analysis relied on coding accuracy and a subset of admissions with validated/reconciled hospital costs. This study summarizes the severe health outcomes and substantial hospital costs of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the US. The findings support the urgent need for rapid implementation of effective interventions, including safe and efficacious vaccines.
Clinical and epidemiological profiles of newborns from twin pregnancies in Hassan II University Hospital of Fez, Morocco

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twin pregnancies are high-risk pregnancies, and delivery of twins poses variable difficulties due to the complexity of obstetrical mechanics and the frequency of dystocic presentations. Twin births represent a real public health issue and are responsible for a high rate of perinatal mortality. This study aims to report on newborns' epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects from twin pregnancies hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care and Neonatology Department of the Hassan II University Hospital, Fez. A cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive study was conducted on newborns from twin pregnancies hospitalized in the neonatal and neonatal intensive care unit over two and a half years. Statistical analyses were performed using the JAMOVI software. Qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages, while quantitative variables were presented as means with standard deviations (SD) or medians with interquartile ranges (IQR). A total of 96 newborns from twin pregnancies were collected. The average maternal age was 29.7 years. Maternal complications during pregnancy were dominated by the threat of premature delivery (38.77%), premature rupture of membranes 5.49%), and urinary and cervicovaginal infectious complications (12.24%).89.8% of deliveries were medicalized, with vaginal delivery being the most common (69.39%).91.67% of newborns were premature, thus dominating neonatal morbidity. The average weight was 1585g +/- 425g.76.04% of newborns presented with neonatal respiratory distress, the most frequent etiology of which was hyaline membrane disease. These neonates presented other complications: neonatal jaundice (62.5%), perinatal anoxo-ischemia (6.25%), and transfusion-transfusion syndrome (6.25%). The neonatal mortality rate was 31.25%, with the leading cause being severe neonatal infection (56.67%). The prevalence of twin pregnancies is on the rise, with a high prevalence of prematurity among newborns, requiring special attention to limit complications.
Integrated symmetrical high-voltage inverter for the excitation of touch sensitive electroluminescent devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Smart Power Integrated Circuits are commonly used where different operating voltages are required since it can enable miniaturization of the system electronics. For the combination of an electroluminescent device with a capacitive touch sensor, a μm SOI integrated circuit is implemented with a high-voltage inverter and a low-voltage spread spectrum clock generator. The transient signals with up to ± 300 V p and 5 kHz show interferences on the digital sensor excitation signal.
II.—NOTES ON THE SECOND PART OF SPINOZA'S ETHICS (I)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

II.—NOTES ON THE SECOND PART OF SPINOZA'S ETHICS (I) Get access H. BARKER H. BARKER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume XLVII, Issue 186, April 1938, Pages 159–179, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/XLVII.186.159 Published: 01 April 1938
A Distributed Resource Sharing Mechanism in Edge-Enabled IIoT Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has revolutionized industrial processes by facilitating the seamless connectivity and communication of devices and systems within industrial environments. As a critical component, edge computing provides the flexible data sensing and real-time processing services, which facilitates a comprehensive enhancement for IIoT systems. However, due to the tremendous increase in IIoT devices and the limited resources of edge servers, ensuring efficient resource sharing while prioritizing the benefits of both parties would be the driving force in edge-enabled IIoT systems. In this work, we propose a distributed resource sharing mechanism in edge-enabled IIoT systems. The objective of proposed mechanism is maximizing social welfare which optimizes the utility of IIoT device and cost of edge server simultaneously. In particular, we integrate the soft-defined network (SDN) technique into the threelayer IIoT framework to support agile resource management and formulate the resource sharing optimization models in multiple scenarios. Furthermore, we design the distributed alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs) algorithms which appropriately decompose the primal problem into multiple subproblems for IIoT devices and edge servers, and explore their interactive relationships of resource requesting and sharing using the characteristic of ADMM. Finally, extensive performance evaluations are conducted under multiple IIoT scenarios to manifest the effectiveness and reliability of proposed distributed mechanism in terms of convergence rate, social welfare and fault tolerance.