jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES OF INCOME TAX COLLECTION IN CONDITIONS OF BUDGET DEFICIT

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Introduction. Currently, the strategic task of government is to ensure an effective mechanism for its functioning, so that the state treasury is filled and, at the same time, there is no pressure on business development. Income taxation of enterprises has a serious impact on the development of entrepreneurship, as it can both stimulate and discourage its development. The application of an effective system of corporate income tax, provided a guarantee of reliability of accounting and analytical information will allow participants in the tax system to make effective management decisions on the formation, completeness and timeliness of corporate income tax. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to summarize the theoretical aspects of the organization, corporate income tax as a regulatory tool of the national economy, identify the main problems of its accounting and control of market conditions and justify proposals for their solution, processing and development of practical aspects of improving the practice of tax collection. Method (methodology). Based on the methods of system-structural analysis, comparison, causal analysis and argumentation, the problems of collecting income tax of different countries, its accounting and analytical support and control in the introduction of the classical European model of income tax are detailed. Results. The task of state administration to ensure an effective mechanism for the functioning of the tax system as one of the main levers of state regulation of the economy is studied. Using the foreign experience of developed countries, an approach to solving the issues of filling the budget (budget deficit) and minimizing the pressure on business development is proposed. The impact on the country's economy of the results of tax transformation with minimal losses for business and the state has been studied. It is proposed to solve the problem of reducing the fiscal efficiency of corporate income tax, which will allow the business sector to develop with renewed vigor.
Imaging with a low frequency source

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Summary Low frequency (LF) seismic source has demonstrated its business value for velocity model building. Cycle-skipping problem is mitigated by virtue of the low frequency content in the data. A very relevant question is whether LF source is a good replacement for conventional airgun arrays for broadband imaging. If so, only one LF source is required for both velocity model building and imaging purpose, which could significantly simplify acquisition logistics and reduce environmental footprint. During a recent experiment in the Gulf of Mexico, we acquired ocean bottom node data with a special LF source called "Tuned Pulse Source" (TPS) over a 20×0.4 km shot swath. This shot patch was repeated using a conventional airgun array for benchmark. In this paper, we show that migrated images from the new LF source and a conventional airgun array have excellent agreement in the frequency band of 6–45 Hz, even though the new LF source has longer rise time, lower sound pressure level and lower primary-to-bubble ratio compared with conventional airgun arrays. Moreover, ultra-low frequency richness in the LF source data greatly suppresses side-lobe interference in the image and potentially facilitates quantitative interpretation.
Stress factors and mental disorders in systemic sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic, multisystem disease of unknown etiology characterized by autoimmune inflammation, abnormalities in small blood vessels, and progressive fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. Mental disorders (MD), especially depression, occur quite often with SSc. The influence of childhood experience, relations’ traumatic events with SSc and MD, and MD's clinical specific have not investigated carefully still. The investigation has been realized in accordance with the interdisciplinary program “stress factors and mental disorders in auto-immune inflammatory rheumatic diseases”. Methods Sixty SSc patients (4 male and 56 female mean age 49.9 ± 13.5) were included. ICD-10 criteria were used for MD semi-structured interview. The stress factors were analyzed with the specially elaborated scale. The cognitive disorders and their severity were diagnosed by neuropsychology tests. Results Early traumatic childhood experiences (parental deprivation mainly) observed in 90% cases. The significant stress factors were preceded SSc symptoms in 80% and MD in 70% cases. Most patients self-reported connection between stressful life events and exacerbation of SSc. MD preceded SSc in 76.6% cases. MD were diagnosed in 48 (80%) SSc patients: depressive episode (mild, moderate) − 26.6%, recurrent depressive disorder − 16.6%, dysthymia – 23.3%, adjustment disorder − 6.6% and schizotypal disorder – 40%. The mild or moderate cognitive impairments were diagnosed in all MD cases. Conclusion Individual history of stressful life events is important factor for the predisposition and provocation of the rheumatic disease and MD in SSc patients. Depressive, schizotypal and cognitive disorders are the common MD in SSc patients. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Most-Likely DCF Estimates of Magnetic Field Strength

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi (DCF) method is widely used to evaluate magnetic fields in star-forming regions. Yet it remains unclear how well DCF equations estimate the mean plane-of-the-sky field strength in a map region. To address this question, five DCF equations are applied to an idealized cloud map. Its polarization angles have a normal distribution with dispersion $σ_θ$,and its density and velocity dispersion have negligible variation. Each DCF equation specifies a global field strength $B_{DCF}$ and a distribution of local DCF estimates. The "most-likely" DCF field strength $B_{ml}$ is the distribution mode (Chen et al. 2022), for which a correction factor $β_{ml}$ = $B_{ml}$/$B_{DCF}$ is calculated analytically. For each equation $β_{ml}$ < 1, indicating that $B_{DCF}$ is a biased estimator of $B_{ml}$. The values of $β_{ml}$ are $β_{ml}\approx$ 0.7 when $B_{DCF} \propto {σ_θ}^{-1}$ due to turbulent excitation of Afvénic MHD waves, and $β_{ml}\approx$ 0.9 when $B_{DCF} \propto {σ_θ}^{-1/2}$ due to non-Alfvénic MHD waves. These statistical correction factors $β_{ml}$ have partial agreement with correction factors $β_{sim}$ obtained from MHD simulations. The relative importance of the statistical correction is estimated by assuming that each simulation correction has both a statistical and a physical component. Then the standard, structure function, and original DCF equations appear most accurate because they require the least physical correction. Their relative physical correction factors are 0.1, 0.3, and 0.4 on a scale from 0 to 1. In contrast the large-angle and parallel-$δB$ equations have physical correction factors 0.6 and 0.7. These results may be useful in selecting DCF equations, within model limitations.
Relation between gastric cancer and previous peptic ulcer disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: It is presently not well understood to what extent peptic ulcer and gastric cancer represent related diseases. AIMS: The objective of this study was to assess past occurrence of gastric and duodenal ulcers in patients with cancer of the gastric cardia or other parts of the stomach. METHODS: The association between peptic ulcer and gastric cancer was studied among patients followed up at hospitals of the US Department of Veterans Affairs. Two populations of 1069 subjects with cancer of the cardia and 3078 subjects with cancer of other parts of the stomach were compared with a control population of 89082 subjects without gastric cancer. In multivariate logistic regressions, presence or absence of cancer served as the outcome variable, while age, sex, race, previous histories of gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, peptic ulcer site unspecified, gastric resection, or vagotomy served as modifier variables. RESULTS: Old age, non-white ethnicity, and male sex proved strong and independent risk factors for non-cardiac gastric cancer. A previous history of gastric, but not duodenal ulcer was associated with a significantly raised odd ratio of 1.53 (95% confidence interval: 1.24 to 1.87). Cancer of the cardia affected predominantly whites, and was relatively more common in men than non-cardiac gastric cancer. Past gastric ulcers exerted no significant influence (1.02, 0.67 to 1.56), while duodenal ulcers and peptic ulcer site unspecified were protective (duodenal ulcer: 0.68, 0.47 to 0.95; peptic ulcer disease: 0.66, 0.47 to 1.00). Partial gastrectomy was a risk factor for non-cardiac gastric cancer (1.86, 1.32 to 2.63), but not for cancer of the cardia (1.09, 0.54 to 2.20). CONCLUSION: These epidemiological patterns might stem from underlying differences in the influences of gastritis and acid secretion on the development of the two cancer types.
The Next Frontier in Tuberculosis Investigation: Automated Whole Genome Sequencing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A fully automated bacteria whole genome sequencing (WGS) assay was evaluated to characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium (NTM) clinical isolates. The results generated were highly reproducible, with 100% concordance in species and sub-lineage classification and 92% concordance between antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotypic and phenotypic profiles. Using extracted deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from MTB clinical isolates as starting material, these findings demonstrate that a fully automated WGS assay, with a short turnaround time of 24.5 hours, provides timely and valuable insights into MTB outbreak investigation while providing reliable genotypic AMR profiling consistent with traditional antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST). This study establishes a favorable proposition for the adoption of end-to-end fully automated WGS solutions for decentralized MTB diagnostics, thereby aiding in World Health Organization’s (WHO) vision of tuberculosis eradication.
Vagal Nerve Stimulation ın The Treatment of Olanzapine Related Super Refractor Status Epılepticus: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Olanzapine-related seizures have rarely been reported despite associated proconvulsant risk factors described in the literature. Refractory and super refractory status epilepticus is continuous seizure activity not controlled by antiepileptic drugs and related poor outcomes. Because of high mortality with polypharmacy and continuous anesthetic use, there has been a considerable interest in using nonmedicinal devices like vagal nerve stimulation in aborting a seizure. In this case study, we presented a patient who developed generalized tonic-clonic seizures when olanzapine was added for psychomotor agitation and aggressiveness and super refractory status epilepticus treated using vagal nerve stimulation.
Rehabilitation Needs of Stroke Survivors After Discharge From Hospital in India

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To assess the rehabilitation needs of stroke survivors in Chennai, India, after discharge from the hospital.Mixed-methods research design.Home-based.Stroke survivors (n=50; mean age ± SD, 58.9±10.5y) and primary caregivers of these stroke survivors (n=50; mean age ± SD, 43.1±11.8y) took part in the quantitative survey. A subsample of stroke survivors (n=12), primary caregivers (n=10), and health care professionals (n=8) took part in the qualitative in-depth interviews.Not applicable.Rehabilitation needs after hospital discharge.About 82% of the needs expressed by stroke survivors and 92% of the needs expressed by caregivers indicated that they had a substantial need for information. The proportion of financial needs reported by the stroke survivors and the caregivers was 70% and 75%, respectively. The qualitative data revealed major gaps in access to stroke rehabilitation services. Service providers identified availability and affordability of services as key problems. Stroke survivors and their caregivers identified lack of information about stroke as major barriers to accessibility of stroke rehabilitation services. Caregivers expressed a tremendous need for support to manage family dynamics.The study highlights a considerable unmet need for poststroke rehabilitation services. Given the lack of rehabilitation resources in India, developing an accessible, innovative, patient-centered, culturally sensitive rehabilitation intervention is of public health importance. It is crucial for low- and middle-income countries like India to develop technology-driven stroke rehabilitation strategies to meet the growing rehabilitation needs of stroke survivors.
Annual soil respiration characteristics of different paddy-upland rotations in irrigation areas of the Western Sichuan Plain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 川西平原灌区不同水旱轮作模式周年土壤呼吸特征 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201810162236 作者: 作者单位: 四川农业大学,四川农业大学,四川农业大学,四川农业大学,四川农业大学,四川农业大学,四川农业大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划重点专项（2017YFD0301702；2018YFD0301204）；四川省育种攻关项目（2016NYZ0051） Annual soil respiration characteristics of different paddy-upland rotations in irrigation areas of the Western Sichuan Plain Author: Affiliation: Sichuan Agricultural University,Sichuan Agricultural University,Sichuan Agricultural University,Sichuan Agricultural University,Sichuan Agricultural University,Sichuan Agricultural University,Sichuan Agricultural University Fund Project: The National Key Technologies R&D Program of China 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:水旱轮作是川西平原灌区重要的稻田种植模式，为探究本区域不同水旱轮作模式对周年土壤呼吸的影响，在四川崇州设置蒜-稻（GR）、麦-稻（WR）和油-稻（RR）三种水旱轮作模式，采用静态箱-气相色谱法测定不同模式周年土壤呼吸，并同步测定温度、水层高度等水热生态因子。结果表明：三种轮作模式周年土壤呼吸累积排放量表现为GR > RR > WR，分别为193.36、160.27、157.28 kg/hm2；土壤呼吸速率日动态规律基本一致，均表现为单峰型变化趋势，最高值出现在12：00-15：00，6-8月的日变幅高于其余月份；土壤呼吸速率季节动态均呈双峰型变化趋势，在6月和9月达到峰值，其中GR模式土壤呼吸速率年均值最高；三种模式土壤呼吸速率均受0-10 cm、10-20 cm土壤温度的显著影响，而与土壤含水量无显著相关性。土壤温度是旱季土壤呼吸速率季节变化的主要影响因素，土壤水层深度和土壤温度共同作用影响了稻季土壤呼吸速率的变化。 Abstract:Paddy-upland rotation is the main cropping system in the irrigation area of the Western Sichuan Plain. In order to investigate the effects of different paddy-upland rotations on the annual soil respiration in this region, static chamber-gas chromatography was used to measure the soil respiration of garlic-rice (GR), wheat-rice (WR), and rape-rice (RR) models. The hydrothermal ecological factors, including the temperature and water layer height, were determined at the same time. The results showed that the cumulative discharges of soil respiration in the three rotation models were in the order of GR > RR > WR, at 193.36, 160.27, and 157.28 kg/hm2, respectively. The daily dynamics of soil respiration were basically the same; all showed the unimodal variation trend, and the highest value appeared at 12:00-15:00. The daily variation from June to August was higher than that in the other months, and the seasonal dynamics of soil respiration showed a bimodal trend, with peaks in June and September. The annual average soil respiration rate of the GR model was the highest; the soil respiration of the three models was significantly affected by soil temperature at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm, but there was no significant correlation with soil water content. Soil temperature is the main influencing factor of seasonal variation in soil respiration in the dry season, while a combination of soil water depth and soil temperature affects the variation in soil respiration in the rice growing season. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献
Survey Feedback as a Large-Scale Change Device: An Empirical Examination

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The impact of a data-feedback intervention on organizational attitudes and perceptions was examined. Low, medium, and high levels of supervisory mediation of feedback were compared with a control condition across nine scales from the Air Force's Organizational Assessment Package. The scales measuring supervisory character istics, task perceptions, goal clarity, and opportunity for advancement were shown to be affected by the intervention. In addition, the effects occurred only in those situations where the work group supervisor was perceived, by group members, as having fed back the data. Finally, a significant relationship was obtained between preintervention mea sures of supervisory characteristics and the propensity of the supervisor to provide feedback to the work group. Practical implications are discussed.
Effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1, interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-6 on rat Sertoli cell proteoglycan synthesis.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the testis, growth factors and cytokines are synthesized by Sertoli cells and peritubular cells. In different cell types, these mediators are known to regulate the metabolism of extracellular matrix molecules, such as proteoglycans. In this study, we have tested the action of three of these mediators (IL-1 alpha, IL-6 and TGF-beta 1) on the proteoglycan synthesis of rat Sertoli cells. The proteoglycan synthesis was unchanged by IL-1 alpha, nor by IL-6 up to 20 ng/ml, during any maturation stage (14, 21 and 35 days). By contrast, Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) enhanced Sertoli cell proteoglycan production from 21 day-old rats, with an optimal response at 1 ng/ml. Kinetic studies showed that the effect of TGF-beta 1 (1ng/ml) was higher after 24 hours of incubation. In presence or in absence of TGF-beta 1, a proteoglycan accumulation was observed in the extracellular compartment between 12 and 48 hours, but this factor did not modify the proteoglycan distribution between cell layer and medium. Furthermore, TGF-beta 1 increased proteoglycan anabolism at all Sertoli cell maturation stages studied but this stimulation was greater for the early maturation stages (14 and 21 days). On the other hand, proteoglycan catabolism was not modified by TGF-beta 1. In conclusion, TGF-beta 1 secreted by rat Sertoli and peritubular cells could modulate, in an autocrine/paracrine way the synthesis of one of the main extracellular matrix components.
Fluorescence microscopy study of the effect of Esp1396I restriction-modification system proteins concentrations on protection against lambda phage.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Restriction-modification systems are among wide-spread mechanisms protecting bacteria from foreign DNA, such as DNA of bacteriophages and plasmids. The action of such systems is based on the presence of two enzymes — methyltransferase and restriction endonuclease, first one protects host DNA from degradation by modification and second one cleaves foreign unmodified DNA. In some cases bacteriophage DNA is modified faster than being degraded by restriction endonuclease. This process, called breakdown, leads to formation of modified bacteriophage progeny which is not sensitive to the action of restriction endonuclease and can eliminate whole "protected" bacterial population. There is a hypothesis which assumes that the overcoming of the protective action of restriction-modification system by a bacteriophage depends on the relative concentrations of the restriction-modification system proteins. To check this assumption we decided to perform fluorescence microscopy of individual living E.coli cells. For this purposes we use fluorescently-labelled type II Esp1396I restriction-modification system and also create an artificial system which allows to regulate the ratio of restriction-modification system proteins through the additional restriction endonuclease expression. Preliminary results showed an increase in protection with an increase in the restriction endonuclease concentration in cells.
The Development of the Malaysian Technology Content Framework towards the Establishment of the Malaysian Technology Index in Manufacturing Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Appropriate technology plays a vital role in the ability of manufacturing enterprises to be productive and competitive. Today, most companies accept the fact that they must acquire relevant technology to strengthen their technological capabilities and core competencies. The proposed study intends to investigate the content of technology in that affect the application of new technology in Malaysian manufacturing industry. Next, this study aims to develop the Malaysian Technology Content Framework, in which this framework will form the basis for the development of Malaysian Technology Index for manufacturing industry. This study is carried out through three phases which involves survey of literature and practices, interviews or participatory dialogue with industry players, and pilot testing. This study indicates that all technology contents correlated with the technology strategy that will lead to the application of new technology.
Disentangling norms, morality, and principles: the September 2019 Brexit rebellion

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite morality’s important role in international relations, we still lack a compelling way to study it. Some scholars define norms as moral in nature but fail to define morality or conceptualize it too narrowly. We address this problem by defining morality subjectively, allowing us to differentiate it from norms and study its impact on decisions of international significance. To do so, we adapt the moral convictions concept developed by psychologists to qualitative, elite-focused political research. Actors with moral convictions rely upon their individually held beliefs about fundamental right and wrong, whereas norm-followers look outward to community expectations. Morality requires sincere belief and weakens social influences.The September 2019 Brexit rebellion is an ideal case because it endangered rebels’ careers, rendering material self-interest an unlikely motive. This allows us to investigate the role of norms and moral principles. Based on interviews with British Members of Parliament (MPs) and text analysis, we find that community norms and personal moral principles interact: when existing norms give unclear guidance and identification with their in-group weakens, actors are likely to rely on their own principles to interpret norms. Morality can affect which norms matter but does not negate their influence altogether: pre-existing norms channel and constrain morality and its consequences. Many MPs moralized existing norms related to democratic decision-making, which mitigated some consequences of moralization, such as intolerance toward those with opposing views. This new conceptual and methodological approach thus helps to disentangle ideational factors and understand their influence on decisions of international significance.