jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Approach for Continuous Small Line Blocks High Speed Machining of Embedded Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A key issue of the machining for the small line block is to improve the machining feedrate while keeping the machining precision and satisfying the acceleration constraints. In this paper, a new approach for continuous small line blocks high speed machining is proposed to avoid the impact of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) equipments caused by acceleration gust. This approach uses the small line flag to distinguish whether the path is small line block. While the paths are continuous small line blocks, this approach can automatically adjust the number of look-ahead segments, and predigest the velocity calculation method of the connection point. We first define what a path is small line block. Then we analyze the restrictions for velocity linking of adjacent processing paths, and propose the approach for continuous small line blocks machining. Finally we design a simulation experiment on 30 points processing of the spline track. The result of the simulation shows that this algorithm can obviously shorten the processing time and make control system more harmonious in high speed machining.
Prediction of Microvascular Invasion and Recurrence Using Preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT Metabolic Parameters in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Microvascular invasion (MVI) is very important in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),but diagnosis is determined by postoperative pathology; thus, preoperative non-invasive methods will play an active role. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of metabolic parameters of preoperative 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET/CT) in the prediction of MVI and postoperative recurrence in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: We retrospectively collected 72 patients with HCC who have performed 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan before partial hepatectomy between 2016 and 2019. We used both normal liver tissue and inferior vena cava as the reference background, and combined with clinicopathological features, 18 F-FDG PET/CT metabolic and volumetric indices to predict MVI and postoperative recurrence of primary HCC before surgery. Results: Twenty-one of the 72 patients recurred, in recurrent cases showed higher maximum standard uptake value (SUV max ), TNR (ratio of tumor SUV max to mean SUV [SUV mean ] of the background tissue), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) than nonrecurrence cases( p <0.001). All 18 F-FDG PET metabolic and volumetric indices for predicting postoperative HCC recurrence were significant on receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve analyses ( p <0.05). TNR IVC , TNR NL , MTV, TLG IVC , and TLG NL were significant factors for predicting MVI in HCC (p<0.05). On multivariate analyses, MVI, SUV max , TNR IVC , TNR NL , MTV, TLG IVC , and TLG NL (p<0.05) are independent risk factors for predicting postoperative HCC recurrence. TNR IVC is the most relevant PET/CT parameter for predicting MVI in HCC, and MTV is the most valuable for predicting postoperative HCC recurrence. Moreover, the PET/CT parameters are more accurate for prognosis with inferior vena cava as a reference background than with normal liver tissue. Conclusion: 18 F-FDG PET/CT metabolic and volumetric indices are effective predictors, and could non-invasively provide more comprehensive predictive information on MVI and postoperative recurrence of primary HCC before surgery.
The bile acid receptor TGR5 and cholestasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During liver injury and cholestasis, the mechanisms allowing the organ to protect itself with the aim of maintaining biliary homeostasis are not completely understood. Central to their biological roles, bile acids (BAs) and their receptors constitute a signaling network with multiple molecular and cellular impacts on both liver repair and protection from BA overload. BA signal through nuclear [mainly farnesoid X receptor (FXR)] and membrane [mainly G protein-coupled BA receptor 1 (GPBAR-1), aka Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5)] receptors, in which activation elicits a wide array of biological responses. So far, most of the studies have been focused on FXR signaling as hepato-protective, TGR5 being less explored to this regard. While the liver faces massive and potentially harmful BA overload during cholestasis, it is crucial to understand that BAs induce also protective responses contributing not only to reduce the inflammatory burden, but also to spare liver cells and their repair capacities. Based on the available literature, the TGR5 BA receptor protects the liver in the cholestatic context and counteracts BA overload with the aim of restoring biliary homeostasis mainly through the control of inflammatory processes, biliary epithelial barrier permeability, and BA pool composition. Mouse experimental models of cholestasis reveal that the lack of TGR5 was associated with exacerbated inflammation and necrosis, leaky biliary epithelium, and excessive BA pool hydrophobicity, resulting in biliary cell and parenchymal insult, and compromising optimal restoration of biliary homeostasis and liver repair. There are thus widely opened translational perspectives with the aim of targeting TGR5-related signaling or biological responses to trigger protection of the cholestatic liver.
#2586 Time to event prediction of new-onset diabetes after transplantation in kidney transplant recipients using machine learning models

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aims New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is a common and serious complication of kidney transplantation that contributes to long-term morbidity and mortality after the transplant procedure. Conventional methods may predict the risk of, but not time to developing NODAT. We aimed to develop a machine learning model that predicts the time to NODAT in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Method Two large prospective cohort studies of stable KTR (inclusion &gt;1 year after transplantation) from the University Medical Center Groningen were combined. Data collection took place between 2001 and 2003 for cohort A, and between 2008 and 2011 for cohort B, resulting in the inclusion of 750 KTR free of NODAT at baseline. To predict absolute time to NODAT, a bootstrap aggregating (bagging) approach was utilized which consisted of several extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models with the accelerated failure time (AFT) objective. The performance of the resulting bagging model was internally evaluated by assessing the concordance index (c-index) in 20% of the dataset not used for training. Results From the 750 KTR included, 76 (10.1%) developed NODAT during a median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow-up of 5.8 (4.7 to 9.2) years. The median (IQR) age was 51.2 (40.5 to 60.7) years and 342 (45.6%) of the KTR were female. During feature engineering, 18 features from 53 were selected. After hyperparameter tuning, model performance during internal validation was 0.84. Furthermore, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values were used to estimate feature importance, which revealed that glucose, HbA1c, mean arterial pressure, cyclosporine concentrations and daily vegetable intake were the most important features. Conclusion The developed machine learning model shows good discriminative ability of time to NODAT prediction. Due to the methodology used, the model allows for flexible incremental learning, meaning that the bagging model can be retrained with additional data without compromising on performance.
Spin transport and injection in high-In content InGaAs/InAIAs heterostructures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recent progresses in the research area of so-called ‘semiconductor spintronics’ carried out at Center for Nano Materials and Technology, JAIST are reviewed. Based on the successful MBE growth of new type narrow-gap heterostructure composed of In0.75Ga0.25As and In0.75Al0.25As, we recently have developed spin-injection experiment in planar four-terminal device made on the modulaton-doped normal type heterojunction, spin-filtering analysis in resonant tunneling diode with asymmetric center well and Ni emitter, and quantum transport analysis in mesoscopic devices made on the heterojunction. Some important results obtained in those experiments are reported and discussed.
The interplay between hypoxia-inducible factor and E2F - Transcriptional crosstalk under hypoxic conditions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hypoxia is an important condition in both developmental and pathological settings. It is crucial for cell survival to adapt to hypoxic stress. A key response to hypoxia is regulation of gene expression. The transcription factor HIF is involved in the regulation of most hypoxia-sensitive genes. HIF is known to regulate genes involved in the cell cycle, angiogenesis, metabolism, DNA repair and cell death. The E2F family of transcription factors also regulate genes in these cellular processes. Intriguingly, recently it was shown that E2F7/8 regulate angiogenesis through a transcriptional cooperation with HIF (Weijts and Bakker, 2012). It is therefore likely that these important transcription factors are involved in many of the same pathways under hypoxic conditions. However, not much is known about the interplay between HIF and E2F. This literature study investigates and reveals a broad relationship between HIF and E2F in the cell cycle, metabolism, DNA repair and cell death. Elucidation of the relationship between HIF and E2F may provide a better understanding of the role of hypoxia in development and disease.
THE COLUMBIA HISTORY OF MUSIC (Volume IV); DVōRÁK: First Slavonic Dance (Op. 46, No. 1)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: MYRA HESS and SIR HAMILTON HARTY Writer: Antonín Dvořák Pianoforte Duet. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.5mil truncated eliptical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 400.0, Rolloff: -12.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: CA 14066-1 Catalog number: DB-1235 Other IDs from the record include: (CA-14066); In 16 Parts; Part XII
Antithrombin III, plasminogen, plasmin, and alpha-2-antiplasmin in donor blood and plasma components.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The functional levels of antithrombin III, plasminogen, plasmin, and alpha-2-antiplasmin were evaluated in sequentially derived fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and cryo-poor plasma aliquots from 20 registered blood donors. Antithrombin III is the major plasma inhibitor of the serine proteases of the procoagulant system. Plasminogen, the proenzymatic form of plasmin, is the primary endogenous profibrinolytic moiety; alpha-2-antiplasmin is the principal intermediate acting inhibitor of plasmin. As congenital or acquired deficiencies of antithrombin III and/or plasminogen predispose to thrombosis, and as these agents may be consumed in acute thrombosis, the goal of this investigation was to discern those plasma components which potentially might maximize both antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activities if used therapeutically. Using enzyme specific synthetic substrate methods, it was determined that no spontaneous plasmin activity was evident through phlebotomy or component processing and storage. Analysis of variance showed antithrombin III to be significantly decreased in cryoprecipitate as compared to the other components (p less than 0.0001). Furthermore, the level of antithrombin III or plasminogen in cryo-poor plasma and fresh frozen plasma was not statistically different. Also, the alpha-2-antiplasmin level was not statistically different among the specimen groups. Since fresh frozen plasma and cryo-poor plasma contain comparable total quantities of antithrombin III and plasminogen and as most of the activity of factors I, V, VIII, and XIII is diverted into cryoprecipitate, it is suggested that cryo-poor plasma may be preferable to fresh frozen plasma for the treatment of thrombosis associated with or complicated by antithrombin III and/or plasminogen deficiency.
Social Relationships and Health: The Toxic Effects of Perceived Social Isolation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Research in social epidemiology suggests that the absence of positive social relationships is a significant risk factor for broad‐based morbidity and mortality. The nature of these social relationships and the mechanisms underlying this association are of increasing interest as the population gets older and the health care costs associated with chronic disease escalate in industrialized countries. We review selected evidence on the nature of social relationships and focus on one particular facet of the connection continuum – the extent to which an individual feels isolated (i.e., feels lonely) in a social world. Evidence indicates that loneliness heightens sensitivity to social threats and motivates the renewal of social connections, but it can also impair executive functioning, sleep, and mental and physical well‐being. Together, these effects contribute to higher rates of morbidity and mortality in lonely older adults.
Adapting Robert Louis Stevenson’s ‘curious’ poetry: approaches to musical narrativization in my recent composition ‘The Land of Nod’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this article, I present and critically examine the ways in which I conceived my recent musical composition, ‘The Land of Nod’ (from At Night for clarinet quintet), as an adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson’s poem of the same name, with close reference to Marie-Laure Ryan’s theoretical frameworks for the analysis of transmedia narratology and ‘storyworlds’, and Byron Almén’s A Theory of Musical Narrative. As a relatively rare example of scholarship that intersects the fields of adaptation, music theory, and practice (as) research, I situate this work within its wider disciplinary context, and consider the possible benefits that such interdisciplinarity and methodological eclecticism can offer, especially for creative practitioners in music.
Synergetic approach to die wear modelling in hot forging process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A proposition of the hybrid model of the tool wear in hot forging is described in the paper. The idea of the model was based on distinguishing various mechanisms of the tool wear and evaluation of the mutual influence of these mechanisms. The analysis of factors, cumulative wear of which is mutually dependent, confirmed that all mechanisms influence each other in some way. To cover this, the hybrid die wear model was proposed which includes significance of each mechanism and the mutual relation between them. Additionally, to include change of material parameters, modification of these parameters was account for by a feedback, passing modified die geometry and optionally material parameters into the next iteration of die wear modelling. Developed model consists of the FE simulation to which the following process parameters are supplied by the user: wear mechanisms blocks containing adequate models, significance models and extrapolation routines for results or input parameters, component to apply computed wear value as a die geometry and control the computation of multi-iteration wear prediction. Some mechanisms blocks contain additional components for computing correction of surface parameters altered by thermomechanical fatigue, cracks or increased porosity. Numerical tests of the model were performed for the second operation in the forging of clutch wheel. Comparison of predictions and measurements confirmed improvement of the model predictive capability when synergy of the three mechanisms was accounted for.
AOTV bow shock location

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Hypersonic bow-shock location and geometry are of central importance to the aerodynamics and aerothermodynamics of aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicles (AOTVs), but they are difficult to predict for a given vehicle configuration. This paper reports experimental measurements of shock standoff distance for the 70 deg cone AOTV configuration in shock-tunnel-test flows at Mach numbers of 3.8 to 7.9 and for angles of attack from 0 deg to 20 deg. The controlling parameter for hypersonic bow-shock standoff distance (for a given forebody shape) is the mean normal-shock density ratio. Values for this parameter in the tests reported are in the same range as those of the drag-brake AOTV perigee regime. Results for standoff distance are compared with those previously reported in the literature for this AOTV configuration. It is concluded that the AOTV shock standoff distance for the conical configuration, based on frustrum (base) radius, is equivalent to that of a sphere with a radius about 35 percent greater than that of the cone; the distance is, therefore, much less than reported in previous studies. Some reasons for the discrepancies between the present and previous are advanced. The smaller standoff distance determined here implies there will be less radiative heat transfer than was previously expected.
Challenges and priorities for national justice reform through the lens of EU law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Justice reform in the context of European Union (EU) law is a subject of great relevance and complexity, given the challenges and priorities it involves. The purpose of research in this field is to identify and address existing problems in the national judicial systems of EU member states, in accordance with European norms and values. The research is based on a variety of methods, including analysis of national and European legislation, surveys and interviews with legal professionals. The main priorities in justice reform include ensuring the independence of the judicial system, combating corruption and undue influence, improving access to justice and the efficiency of processes, compliance with EU and international standards, the protection of fundamental rights and the promotion of transparency and accountability in the judicial system. The research results highlight the urgent need of reform in many EU member states, with an emphasis on strengthening the independence and integrity of the judicial system, strengthening the rule of law and promoting respect for citizens' fundamental rights. At the same time, the importance of cooperation and coordination between member states is emphasized in order to share good practices and facilitate the exchange of experience in order to improve judicial systems at European level.
The Configuration of Real Polymer Chains

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The average configuration of polymer molecules in solution is markedly influenced by the obvious requirement, ordinarily disregarded in problems relating to molecular configuration, that two elements of the molecule are forbidden from occupying the same location in space. The influence of spatial ``interferences'' between different segments of the molecule on its average configuration has been investigated by statistical and thermodynamic methods. It is shown that if the average linear dimension of a polymer chain is to be taken proportional to a power of the chain length, that power must be greater than the value 0.50 previously deduced in the conventional ``random flight'' treatment of molecular configuration. This power should approach 0.60 for long chain molecules in good solvents. With increase in size of the solvent molecule, the influence of interference on molecular configuration diminishes, vanishing entirely in the extreme case of a solvent which is also a high polymer. The effect of a heat of interaction between solvent and polymer may also be incorporated quantitatively in the theory. A positive heat of mixing (poor solvent) tends to offset the expansive influence of interference, and the exponent referred to above tends to approach 0.50. The results are of foremost significance in the interpretation of the intrinsic viscosity and its dependence on the polymer constitution and on the solvent. It is pointed out that the spatial dimensions of the irregularly coiled polymer molecule cannot be correlated directly with hindrance to rotation about chain bonds, unless the expansion of the configuration due to interference and the effects of the heat of dilution are first of all taken into account.
Activation and habituation in olfaction—An fMRI study. NeuroImage 13: 547–560

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This study investigated human BOLD responses in primary and higher order olfactory cortices following presentation of short- and long-duration odorant stimuli using a 3-T MR scanner. The goal was to identify temporal differences in the course of the response that might underlie habituation. A short-duration stimulus (9 s) consistently activated the primary olfactory cortex (POC). After a long stimulus (60 s), the temporal form of the response differed in different parts of the olfactory network: (1) The POC (piriform, entorhinal cortex, amygdala) and, interestingly, the hippocampus and, to a certain degree, the anterior insula show a short, phasic increase in the signal, followed by a prolonged decrease below baseline. (2) In the orbitofrontal cortex a sustained increase in activation was seen. This increase lasted approximately as long as the duration of odorant presentation (�60 s). (3) The mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and the caudate nucleus responded with an increase in signal which returned to baseline after approximately 15 to 30 s. The correlated biphasic hemodynamic response in the POC, hippocampus, and anterior insula during prolonged olfactory stimulation suggests that these three areas may interact closely with each other in the control of habituation. These results extend recent data which showed habituation of the rat piriform cortex and dissociation between the POC and the orbitofrontal cortex. © 2001 Academic Press Key Words: brain mapping; habituation; human; magnetic resonance imaging; neurons; physiology; odors; olfactory pathways; reaction time; odorant; physiological; stimulation
Effect of adding salty‐taste enhancers on physicochemical and microstructural characteristics of reduced‐NaCl UF cheese using mixture design methodology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction of sodium chloride, l ‐arginine, oregano extract and yeast extract on the physicochemical properties of reduced‐NaCl UF cheese. l ‐arginine addition significantly enhanced the moisture content, pH values, adhesiveness and salty taste of samples. The increase in the oregano extract enhanced the moisture content, redness value and hardness of UF cheese, while reducing the lightness value and overall acceptance. In addition, yeast extract had a notable influence on pH, yellowness and textural properties. The amount of each component for producing the optimum formulation was determined based on physicochemical and sensory properties of cheese samples.