jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Renewable energy for green Hydrogen production: experimentation and predictive tool

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The primary objective of this project is to develop a system for the production of green hydrogen, envisioned as a sustainable and environmentally friendly fuel source for the future. This system aims to store energy in the form of renewable and clean chemical energy. To achieve this goal, the project encompasses a thorough investigation, both theoretical and practical, of a hybrid energy system that integrates solar and wind power.The proposed production process is designed to function autonomously, relying solely on renewable energy resources such as wind and solar power to drive the hydrogen generation process. The system is equipped with an advanced control mechanism that optimizes efficiency by dynamically managing the input from the hybrid energy sources based on real-time environmental conditions. The core of the production process is electrolysis, a method that decomposes water into hydrogen and oxygen using electrical energy. To enhance this process, a catalyst is employed to reduce the energy required for electrolysis, thereby increasing the system’s overall efficiency. This approach not only maximizes hydrogen production but also ensures that the process remains viable and cost-effective, even with the variability inherent in renewable energy sources.Furthermore, the project aims to create a robust knowledge base from experimental data collected under various operational conditions. This data will be used to develop predictive models capable of estimating hydrogen production under different weather scenarios and optimizing the reliability and performance of the electrolyzer. By simulating conditions such as varying wind speeds and solar radiation levels, these models will enable more precise control and planning, ensuring the system can adapt to changing environmental conditions.In the broader context, this project serves as a foundational step towards the deployment of green hydrogen as a versatile energy carrier that can be integrated into a variety of applications, from energy storage to transportation. The insights gained from this research could pave the way for larger-scale implementation, contributing to the global transition towards a low-carbon, sustainable energy future.
Comparison of the Proteolytic Activities of New Commercially Available Bacterial and Fungal Proteases toward Meat Proteins

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The hydrolytic activity of 3 commercially available protease preparations (bacterial protease G, fungal 31000, and fungal 60000) were examined using fluorescent‐labeled casein, azo dye‐impregnated collagen, and meat protein extracts from bovine M. semimembranosus and Achilles tendon, and compared to that of papain. Assays showed that all proteases exhibited little activity at low temperature (5 °C), and maximal activity at 45 °C. The pH, at which optimal activity was observed for each of the protease preparations, differed and ranged from pH 5.0 to 8.0. Kinetic parameters (K M and V max ) were also different between protease preparations, with the bacterial protease G and papain exhibiting significantly higher V max values ( P < 0.001) and lower K M values ( P < 0.01) for the casein substrate than the 2 fungal protease preparations. Meat protein hydrolysis was displayed on SDS‐PAGE and proteins analyzed with mass spectrometry. The protease preparations were shown to have varying affinity toward different meat proteins. The bacterial protease G preparation was efficient at hydrolyzing most myofibril and collagen proteins, and appeared to be more efficient than papain at hydrolyzing collagen proteins. On the other hand the 2 fungal protease preparations showed a selective specificity toward meat myofibrillar proteins, and the fungal 60000 protease preparation exhibited high affinity toward collagen γ and collagen type I chain B proteins. The results generated in this study demonstrated that these commercial proteases have good potential for use in meat tenderization applications due to their mild and complementary effects on different meat proteins. Practical Application : Bacterial and fungal protease preparations exhibited varying affinities for hydrolyzing meat proteins. This selective moderate capability of microbial proteases compared to papain is potentially an advantage in avoiding over‐tenderization in meat. On the other hand, the bacterial protease G preparation, which appeared to be more efficient at hydrolyzing connective tissue proteins than papain, could be beneficial in tenderizing meat with high connective tissue content. The synergistic effect of these protease preparations could be incorporated into a meat tenderizing formula to give the tenderizer a broad activity spectrum, thus able to target different cuts of meat.
Study on stable isotopes and genesis of Liutun gold deposit

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Liutun gold deposit,a quartz vein type deposit,is characterized by its high grade,shallow buried depth.Having studied stable isotopes of the deposit the authors conclude the following:the S isotope composition of ores is similar to that of the wall rock indicating the mantle-sourced magma origin;H and O isotope compositions of ores show the polygenetic origin of ore-forming solution;and Sr and Pb isotope compositions indicate the mantle and lower crust source.Based on the above data,the genesis of the deposit considers to be of magma-mixed hydrothermal type.
Hyperspectral Perfusion Monitoring of Irradiated Breast Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Studies examining acute perfusion changes (<1 >month) in irradiated fields are limited. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a novel method of scanning spectroscopy that provides direct measurement of cutaneous tissue perfusion that is non-invasive. In this clinical study, we examine the ability of HSI to assess cutaneous changes in skin perfusion during the acute period following irradiation in patients. Patients undergoing external beam breast conserving radiotherapy (n=15) or post-mastectomy radiation (n=3) were enrolled. Total treatment doses ranged between 42 Gy and 50 Gy. Baseline images were obtained before irradiation for bilateral breasts in each patient and then subsequently at each dose fraction. Skin reaction assessment was also performed on the patients. In the irradiated breast, total perfusion was found to increase prior to skin reaction formation and continued to steadily increase over the first 30 days in all patients. Skin reactions included erythema and dry desquamation starting at day 11. These findings suggest that HSI can identify early changes of tissue oxygenation and perfusion in acute radiation injury and may be able to predict the severity of such injuries. Future work will look at mitigating acute injury with topical applications and studying the perfusion changes in chronically irradiated skin.
Travel insurance for young travellers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The World Tourism Organisation (WTO) has estimated that out of every five international arrivals, one would be a youth. It is also reported that youth tourism is growing at a fast rate. It is, therefore, necessary that travel insurance packages available in the market cater to the needs of the youths. A survey of the insurance policies available at present brings out that these have not been designed to meet the needs of the youths. This necessitated a detailed study of the suitability of the available travel insurance packages.
Ion Exchange in Mixed Solvents. I. Monovalent Cations on a Strong Acid Exchanger

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon Exchange in Mixed Solvents. I. Monovalent Cations on a Strong Acid ExchangerV. T. Athavale, C. V. Krishnan, and Ch. VenkateswarluCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1964, 3, 4, 533–536Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50014a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50014a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Integrating a unification-based semantics in a large scale Lexicalised Tree Adjoining Grammar for French

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In contrast to LFG and HPSG, there is to date no large scale Tree Adjoining Grammar (TAG) equiped with a compositional semantics. In this paper, we report on the integration of a unification-based semantics into a Feature-Based Lexicalised TAG for French consisting of around 6 000 trees. We focus on verb semantics and show how factorisation can be used to support a compact and principled encoding of the semantic information that needs to be associated with each of the verbal elementary trees. The factorisation is made possible by the use of XMG, a high-level linguistic formalism designed to specify and compile computational grammars and in particular, grammars based on non-local trees or tree descriptions.
Development of an erosion model and its application to phosphate mine dumps in southeastern Idaho

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic has remarkably heightened concerns regarding the prediction of communicable disease spread. This study introduces an innovative agent-based modeling approach. In this model, the quantification of human-to-human transmission aligns with the dynamic variations in the viral load within an individual, termed "within-host" and adheres to the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) process, referred to as "between-host." Variations in the viral load over time affect the infectivity between individual agents. This model diverges from the traditional SIR model, which employs a constant transmission probability, by incorporating a dynamic, time-dependent transmission probability influenced by the viral load in a host agent. The proposed model retains the time-integrated transmission probability characteristic of the conventional SIR model. As observed in this model, the overall epidemic size remains consistent with the predictions of the standard SIR model. Nonetheless, compared to predictions based on the classical SIR process, notable differences existed in the peak number of the infected individuals and the timing of this peak. These nontrivial differences are induced by the direct correlation between the time-evolving transmission probability and the viral load within a host agent. The developed model can inform targeted intervention strategies and public health policies by providing detailed insights into disease spread dynamics, crucial for effectively managing epidemics.
The Role of MRI-US Fusion Techniques in Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prostate cancer is the commonest male cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Over many decades, prostate cancer detection represented a continuous challenge to urologists. Although all urologists and pathologists agree that tissue diagnosis is essential especially before commencing active surgical or radiation treatment, the best way to obtain the biopsy was always the big hurdle. The heterogenicity of the tumor pathology is very well seen in its radiological appearance. Ultrasound has been proven to be of limited sensitivity and specificity in detecting prostate cancer. However, it was the only available targeting technique for years and was used to guide biopsy needle passed transrectally or transperineally. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has revolutionized the process with the advent of its multiparametric imaging (mp MRI) where the prostate is evaluated by different MRI techniques and the likelihood of the detected lesion is scored using the new prostate imaging-reporting and data system (PIRADS) scoring. Despite the improved detection of clinically significant prostate cancer by mpMRI, the ideal way to target the area of suspicion detected by mpMRI is the next level of challenge. In this review article, we will discuss the recent methods of targeting and focus on the different platforms used to integrate the mpMRI static images with the real-time US scanning in what is called (US-MRI fusion techniques).
Economic Performance and Business Models in the Chinese Theatre Industry: A Comparison of Wuzhen Water Town and Huichang Theatre Village

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Chinese theatre industry, despite its rich cultural heritage, has been historically overshadowed by other entertainment forms and has faced challenges in adapting to modern market dynamics. This paper explores the economic performance and business models of the Chinese theatre industry through a comparative case analysis of two distinct tourist attractions, Wuzhen Water Town and Huichang Theatre Village. The research methodology includes a review of the industry's historical context, an examination of current economic trends, and the case study analysis of the two venues. The finding reveals that while the industry has shown growth and is gradually embracing commercialization, it still faces significant challenges, including economic sustainability, infrastructure development, and balancing authenticity with commercial interests. The case study highlights unique approaches each venue takes to address these challenges, with Wuzhen focusing on international festivals and Huichang Theatre Village aiming to be a year-round cultural hub. Both venues strive to innovate and adapt to modern audience preferences while preserving their historical and cultural significance. The Chinese theater industry is gradually emphasizing on market and commercialization, while it needs to find a balance between maintaining artistic and commercial success. By learning from the successful experiences of the West, the Chinese theater industry has the potential to achieve sustainable development and contribute economically and culturally.
Intersubjective consistency of knowledge and beliefs, Working Paper

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We consider interactive epistemic models where individuals are described by both their “knowledge ” and their “beliefs”. Three intersubjective consistency conditions are examined: Intersubjective Caution (if an individual believes something to be common belief then he knows it to be common belief), Truth of Common Belief (only true facts are commonly believed) and Qualitative Agreement. These conditions are employed in characterizations of the following properties which describe either the extent of intersubjective truth and/or the logic of common belief: common belief in no error, common knowledge of common belief, negative introspection of common belief, coincidence of common knowledge and common belief, and collapse of individual belief and knowledge. We also discuss to what extent the three fundamental conditions can be viewed as intersubjective rationality conditions
Temporal trends in management and outcomes of testicular cancer: A population‐based study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Treatment guidelines for early‐stage testicular cancer have increasingly recommended de‐escalation of therapy with surveillance strategies. This study was designed to describe temporal trends in routine clinical practice and to determine whether de‐escalation of therapy is associated with inferior survival in the general population. METHODS The Ontario Cancer Registry was linked to electronic records of treatment to identify all patients diagnosed with testicular cancer treated with orchiectomy in Ontario during 2000‐2010. Treatment after orchiectomy was classified as radiotherapy (RT), retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND), chemotherapy, or none. Surveillance was defined as no identified treatment within 90 days of orchiectomy. Overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were measured from the date of orchiectomy. RESULTS The study population included 1564 and 1086 cases of seminomas and nonseminoma germ cell tumors (NSGCTs), respectively. Among patients with seminomas, there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients with no treatment within 90 days of orchiectomy (from 56% to 84%; P < .001); the use of RT decreased over time (from 38% to 8%; P < .001); and the use of chemotherapy remained stable (from 6% to 9%; P = .289). Practice patterns 90 days after orchiectomy remained stable over time among patients with NSGCTs: from 51% to 57% for no treatment ( P = .435), from 43% to 43% for chemotherapy ( P = .336), and from 9% to 3% for RPLND ( P = .476). The OS rates for the entire cohort at 5 and 10 years were 97% and 96%, respectively; the CSS rates were 98% and 98%, respectively. There was no significant change in OS or CSS for patients with seminomas or NSGCTs during the study period. CONCLUSIONS There has been substantial de‐escalation in the treatment of testicular cancer in routine practice since 2000. Long‐term survival in routine practice is excellent and has not decreased with the uptake of surveillance strategies. Cancer 2018;124:2724‐2732 . © 2018 American Cancer Society
Prevention of The Spread of HIV/AIDS: Islamic Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

HIV/AIDS is a health problem in many countries. Although HIV cases in Indonesia fluctuate, in general they tend to increase. Indonesia is the largest Muslim majority country in the world. Islam is a religion as well as a way of life that has complete rules of life. To get the concept of prevention of HIV/AIDS, it is necessary to do research on the Islamic view of preventing HIV/AIDS. The research was conducted through a qualitative approach. The research method is library research. Researchers collect data through research journals according to the research theme. Then analyzed and drawn conclusions. The conclusion is that the biggest risk factor for the spread of HIV/AIDS is through adultery and homosexuality. Islam has the concept of preventing adultery and homosexual acts. The severe punishment imposed by Islam on adulterers and homosexuals will prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Effect of Perforated PVC Underdrainage Pipe on Desalting of Plastic Film House Soils

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objective of this research was to remove the accumulated salts in the plastic film house soils by installing the perforated PVC () underdrainage pipes at 50 cm depth of soils with cultivating vegetables. Efficiency of the underdrainage pipes was assessed based on the changes of soil chemical properties such as pH, EC, and cations, and growth and yield parameters of the vegetables between the two treatments; the control and the underdrainage pipe treatments. The EC of the underdrainage pipes installed soils after two growing seasons were in the ranges of but those of the control were in the ranges of , indication the underdrainage pipes effectively removed the accumulated salts in soils. The pHs of the control soils and the underdrainage pipe installed soil were in the ranges of 7.2-7.5 and 6.9-7.3, respectively. There was a significant correlation between pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils (, , P , respectively, with decreasing with soil depths. On the other hand, the respective ECs of the underdrainage pipes installed soils were 2.43, 2.52, 2.28, 4.00, and with increasing with soil depths. This might be derived from the salts moved downward with the draining water into the subsoil. The order of cations moved downward was Mg > Ca > K, based on the ratios of cations at specific depth over those at the surface soil. The survival rates of lettuce after 15 days of transplanting in the underdrainage pipe installed soils were 98.2% as compared to 86.6% of the control. The underdrainage pipe treatment also increased the diameter of the lettuce stalk from 12.9mm of the control to 13.7mm. Overall results demonstrated that the installment of the underdrainage pipes in the subsoils of the salt accumulated plastic film house soil effectively removed the salts by leaching downward,resulting in lowering soil EC and enhancing the growth and yield of vegetables.
Thermal, structural and optical properties of lithium niobate tellurite glass doped erbium and neodymium

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A series of tellurite glasses of composition (70–x–y)TeO2–15Li2CO3–15Nb2O5–xEr2O3–yNd2O3 doped Er3+ and Nd3+, with x=0, 1.0 mol%; 0 = y =1.0 mol% were prepared by using melt quenching technique. The glass phase and thermal behaviour were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) while the structural and optical properties were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible–near infrared spectroscopy (UV–VIS–NIR) and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The XRD spectra confirmed that the glass was amorphous as no sharp peaks were observed. The thermal parameters particularly the thermal stability is around 291.5°C and Hruby criterion of around 0.82 to 0.93. The structural properties of the glass represented by the FTIR spectrum indicate that as Nd2O3 content increases, the sharp infrared absorption peaks shifted from 474.7 cm-1 to 499.4 cm-1. These peaks are due to Nb–O, Te–O–Te and O–Te–O bond linkage bending vibration. For TeO4 trigonal bipyramid, the peak occurred at 676.5 cm-1 whereas for TeO3 trigonal pyramid, two infrared band peaks were observed at 787.5 cm-1 and 887.6 cm-1. The absorption peaks around 1382.7 cm-1 is due to the Te–O–Nb stretching vibration while peaks at 1635.5 cm-1 and 3411.7 cm-1 are due to the stretching vibrations of the hydroxyl group participating in the strong metal bonding as well as in the hydrogen bonding, respectively. The UV–VIS–NIR spectrum exhibits absorption peaks corresponding to transitions from both ground state of Erbium, 4I15/2 to the excited state of 4F7/2, 2H11/2, 4S3/2, 4I9/2, 2H9/2, 4I11/2, 4I3/2 and 4I13/2 and Neodymium, 4I9/2 to the excited state of 2G11/2, 2G9/2, 2G7/2, 4F9/2, 4I3/2 and 4I15/2. The up conversion was observed in the luminescence spectra by the red emission at around 633 nm which is due to the transition from 4F9/2 ?4I9/2. The down conversion was represented by the green emission at 497 nm due to transition from 2G9/2 ?4I9/2