jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence Maximization in Social Media: Network Embedding for Extracting Structural Feature Vector

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In parallel with the development of online social networks, the number of active users in these media is increased, which mainly use these media as a tool to share their opinions and obtaining information. Propagation of influence on social networks arises from a common social behavior called "mouth-to-mouth" diffusion among society members. The Influence Maximization (IM) problem aims to select a minimum set of users in a social network to maximize the spread of influence. In this paper, we propose a method in order to solve the IM problem on social media that uses the network embedding concept to learn the feature vectors of nodes. In the first step of the proposed method, we extract a structural feature vector for each node by network embedding. Afterward, according to the similarity between the vectors, the seed set of influential nodes is selected in the second step. The investigation of the results obtained from applying the proposed method on the real datasets indicates its significant advantage against its alternatives. Specifically, the two properties of being submodular and monotonic in the proposed method, which lead to an optimal solution with the ratio of (1-1/e) approximation, make this method considered a tool with high potential in order to address the IM problem.
Influence of phospholipid fatty acid composition of plasma membrane on sensitivity of plasma membrane ATPase of a self-flocculating yeast to in vivo ethanol activation and its relationship to ethanol tolerance.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although alterations in fatty acid composition of phospholipids in plasma membranes had no effect on activities of plasma membrane ATPases of a self-flocculating fusant of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown in the absence of ethanol (basal enzymes), they significantly affected the susceptibilities of the enzymes to in vivo activation induced by ethanol: the maximal values for the activated enzymes in cells pregrown with 0.6 mmol/L palmitic, linoleic or linolenic acid respectively were 3.6, 1.5 and 1.2-fold higher than their respective basal levels (in cells grown without ethanol), whereas the corresponding value for cells pregrown in the absence of fatty acid was 2.3-fold, with the concentrations of ethanol for the above maximal in vivo activation of enzymes being 7%, 6%, 6% and 7% (V/V) respectively. The Km values for ATP, the pH profiles, and the sensitivities to orthovanadate of the basal and the activated plasma membrane ATPases were essentially identical; however, the v(max) values of activated enzymes increased significantly. It was found that the characteristics of phospholipid fatty acid composition of plasma membrane leading to the enhanced ethanol tolerance of this strain, were also efficacious to increase the percentage of activation of plasma membrane ATPase per unit of ethanol. These data support a close correlation between the ethanol tolerance of this strain and the sensitivity of its plasma membrane ATPase to the in vivo ethanol-induced activation.
Pirfenidone combined with N-acetylcysteine in treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: a case report and literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone combined with N-acetylcysteine （NAC） in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, aiming to provide basis for clinical medication. Methods Clinical data of 1 patient with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema （CPFE） progressing into idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF） were reviewed. Relevant literature was searched and screened from PubMed using the keywords of “pirfenidone”and “N-acetylcysteine”. The extracted data and relevant literature were collected for retrospective analysis. Results The male patient, aged 70 years old, was clinically diagnosed with CPFE which progressed into IPF. In February, 2018, he was treated with pirfenidone combined with NAC. Pulmonary function indexes and CT scan data were improved. No significant adverse events were observed. High clinical efficacy was achieved. Six studies were retrieved in this study. The findings in 4 studies showed that the efficacy of pirfenidone combined with NAC was better than that of monotherapy in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. The results in the other 2 studies demonstrated that the disease progression rate of patients treated with pirfenidone combined with NAC was higher compared with that of pirfenidone alone. Conclusions Pirfenidone combined with NAC yield certain effect upon improving the lung function of IPF patients. Clinical efficacy of combined therapy is probably higher compared with that of monotherapy.
The evolution and molecular characteristics of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Jiangxi of China

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract To understand the evolution and molecular characteristics of Jiangxi H9N2 viruses, we isolated 17 viruses in 2011 and analyzed their characteristics. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that their hemagglutinin genes originate from JS/1/00‐like sublineage, neuraminidase genes originate from BJ/94‐like sublineage, PB1, PA, NP, and NS genes all come from SH/F/98‐like sublineage, PB2 genes originate from ST/163/04‐like sublineage, while M genes come from G1‐like sublineage. Genotype analysis showed that our isolates were classified as genotype 57. Molecular analyses indicated that our strains contained specific sites characteristic of low‐pathogenic viruses. The current study once again highlights the necessity for continued surveillance of novel H9N2 viruses.
Hydroxyapatite: A Comprehensive Review of Its Properties, Applications, and Future Trends

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a bioactive ceramic material which has given an important attention in the biomedical field because of its high biocompatibility and structural similarity to human’s and mammal’s bone. This study provides a comprehensive exploration of HA&apos;s properties, applications, and future trends, accentuating its potential in several domains beyond its traditional uses in bone and dental implants. HA&apos;s unique characteristics, including its osteoconductivity and ability to promote bone regeneration, make it an ideal candidate for advanced tissue engineering and drug delivery systems. The review discusses the fundamental properties of HA, such as its chemical composition, physical structure, and biological compatibility, which collectively contribute to its effectiveness in medical applications. Furthermore, ongoing research is highlighted, particularly in the development of nanostructured HA and composite materials, aimed at enhancing its mechanical properties and expanding its use in complex medical scenarios. Additionally, the implications of emerging technologies, specifically 3D printing and the potential of 4D printing, are examined. These innovations allow for the creation of personalized scaffolds tailored to individual patient needs, enhancing the prospects for regenerative medicine. The versatility of HA is further illustrated through its applications in non-medical fields, including environmental remediation and as a component in fertilizers and water purification systems. Overall, this review underscores the critical role that hydroxyapatite plays in bridging the gap between biological and synthetic materials. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying future research directions, this work aims to pave the way for further advancements in the use of HA across various biomedical and industrial contexts, ultimately contributing to improved health outcomes and innovative material solutions.
SOPHIE’S NEEDS IN ROOFTOPPERS NOVEL BY USING MASLOW’S THEORY OF HIERARCHY OF HUMAN NEEDS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research aimed to analyze Sophie’s needs based on the theory of Hierarchy of Human Needs by Abraham Harold Maslow. The purposes of this research were to find out the needs of the main character from the Rooftoppers novel and also finding how she fulfills all her needs. This research used descriptive qualitative research because the data were shown in words. There were two discussions taken in this research. First, is the identification of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in the novel through the main character. The second is the identification of how the main character fulfill her needs according to Maslow’s theory. Rooftoppers novel was used in this research as the data source. The data consisted of paragraphs, phrases, words, and dialogues through the novel that showed Sophie’s needs. The results of the research showed that Sophie managed to fulfill all of her needs both at home and on her way of finding her long lost mother in Paris. Starting from the basic needs of physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization need. Sophie managed to fulfill all of her needs through her actions, dialogs, habits, and thoughts.
Taking the human rights of migrants seriously: towards a decolonised global justice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article proposes an epistemological decolonisation of liberal ideas of global justice which shifts emphasis from abstract morals to specific material aspects of individual and group human rights. In order to respond to the empirical needs of the contemporary South a decolonised global justice focuses on the human rights of a specific, rather than a generic, type of individual – the international migrant. More specifically, this proposal of a decolonised global justice bases the responsibility of nations towards documented and undocumented migrants on the universal material principle of ethics and the obligations of states with respect to the life of all people in every way in accordance with the general principles of the right to development. In order to establish the nature of this responsibility, the article also reinterprets the rights to movement, asylum, work and a dignified life for the formulation of rights to mobility.
Discovery Food - Culinary Architecture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

What keeps places unique in times of globalization? If information, goods, food, architecture are the same everywhere, what`s the difference between places? What are people identifying with? \n \nEating habits are a main factor of cultural identification. How can architecture contribute to these feelings of belonging, self awareness and joy? How can it teach something about the place and the people living there? \n \nWhat if a new kind of culinary architecture can help opening people`s eyes towards their own eating culture? What if they would learn rediscovering and appreciating its richness there? \n \nThe American mixture can be seen as a micro cosmos of the whole world under ongoing globalization. Since the U.S. is a very progressive country, I claim that studying their experiences can help us understand future trends of our global culture. Learning from their problems will help understand or even avoid the same problems elsewhere. \n \nOne of the American challenges is obesity. Researchers expect U.S. life expectancy to fall dramatically in coming years because of obesity. This would be a startling shift in a long-running trend toward longer lives. \n \nWhat is American? How can the American culture be captured? How do Americans identify themselves? They are part of a blend of virtually every culture on this earth. Idealistically, nobody can be a stranger because everybody is. They have one thing in common: their ancestor`s or even their own history of dissatisfaction, hope, journey, arrival and good or bad luck in the new homeland.
Confidence–Accuracy Calibration with General Knowledge and Eyewitness Memory Cued Recall Questions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Summary Summary: The confidence–accuracy relationship has primarily been studied through recognition tests and correlation analysis. However, cued recall is more ecological from a forensic perspective. Moreover, there may be more informative ways of analysing the confidence–accuracy relationship than correlations. In the present study, participants viewed a video of a bank robbery and were asked cued recall questions covering general knowledge and the video itself. Confidence ratings were collected, and correlations, calibration and discrimination measures were calculated. All measures indicated a strong confidence–accuracy relationship that was better for general knowledge than eyewitness memory questions. However, there were no differences in confidence ratings for correct answers, suggesting that the differences could be limited to the evaluation of incorrect answers. We concluded that confidence may be a good marker for accuracy with cued recall, but that further research using ecological tests and more informative data analysis techniques is needed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of the Batch Minority Game with Inhomogeneous Decision Noise

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the dynamics of a version of the batch minority game, with random external information and with different types of inhomogeneous decision noise (additive and multiplicative), using generating functional techniques à la De Dominicis. The control parameters in this model are the ratio $α=p/N$ of the number $p$ of possible values for the external information over the number $N$ of trading agents, and the statistical properties of the agents' decision noise parameters. The presence of decision noise is found to have the general effect of damping macroscopic oscillations, which explains why in certain parameter regions it can effectively reduce the market volatility, as observed in earlier studies. In the limit $N\to\infty$ we (i) solve the first few time steps of the dynamics (for any $α$), (ii) calculate the location $α_c$ of the phase transition (signaling the onset of anomalous response), and (iii) solve the statics for $α>α_c$. We find that $α_c$ is not sensitive to additive decision noise, but we arrive at non-trivial phase diagrams in the case of multiplicative noise. Our theoretical results find excellent confirmation in numerical simulations.
Simultaneous analysis of the nasal shedding kinetics of field and vaccine strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Groups of four two-week-old puppies were administered serial dilutions of an intranasal vaccine containing live Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus vaccine and housed individually in isolator cages. Three vaccinated groups and one unvaccinated control group were exposed to virulent B bronchiseptica four weeks after vaccination and evaluated. Nasal swabs for bacterial culture and sera for agglutination tests were taken from all the dogs every week for four weeks. The bacteria isolated were identified by growth on specific agar and by specific PCR to distinguish between vaccine and challenge strains. The vaccine strain persisted in the nasal cavity after vaccination but no adverse reactions were observed. Serum agglutination titres were raised in the vaccinated dogs at challenge. Vaccine strains were not isolated after the challenge from most of the vaccinated dogs. The challenge strain was shed in the dogs vaccinated with the lowest dose (10(6.0) cfu/dose) for two to three weeks but the other vaccinated groups (10(7.0) and 10(8.0) cfu/dose) shed the challenge strain transiently or not at all. Only the group vaccinated with 10(6.0) cfu/dose exhibited clinical signs after challenge.
Chemical Bonds of Cations in Grapevine Berries and Stems of Some Important Cultivars of Vitis vinifera (L.) and Their Relevance for Viticulture and Enology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cations are essential for plant growth, tissue build-up and its stabilization. Divalent cations are necessary for cell wall stability and other interstitial tissues. They may be cross-linked with pectins or form looser ionic bindings. This is of importance for grape processing during the technical operations of juice extraction. Monovalent ions are more involved in vacuolar homeostasis and pH stabilization.With a specific extraction procedure H2O-soluble, 1N NaCl-soluble, 2% CH3COOH-soluble, and 5% HCl-soluble fractions as well as the total content of K, Ca, and Mg were analyzed in grapevine berries and stems. The monovalent K is only found in the water and the NaCl fraction; both in berries and stems. But only 50-60% of the total K can be extracted with both solutes. The divalent cation Ca is found in all four fractions with differing amounts, but water soluble Ca is in most cases highest. Ca may also have an indicator value for BSN, because the water soluble fraction is lowest in the most susceptible variety. Mg is not found in HCl fraction.An analysis of variance shows that the varieties have a significant influence on nutrient distribution in different tissues. It seems that the relation Ca/Mg (NaCl fraction) in stems is a good indicator for BSN because susceptible varieties show lower ratios than resistant ones. Some more research is necessary to clear up this possible relationship.
Intelligent Offloading Strategy Design for Relaying Mobile Edge Computing Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To support the application of IoT and smart city, high data-rate wireless transmission is required. To meet the demand of high data-rate, the techniques of multiple antennas and mobile edge computing (MEC) networks have been proposed in order to enhance the data transmission rate significantly. However, there still exist lots of challenges array signal processing assisted MEC networks. In this paper, we propose an intelligent framework of offloading strategy for MEC networks assisted by array signal processing, where one user with multiple antennas has some computational tasks. These tasks can be computed by the user itself which however has limited computational capability, or computed by the near-by computational access points (CAPs) which has a powerful computational capability at the cost of wireless transmission. We consider the system cost by jointly taking into account the computational price, the energy consumption and the latency. By minimizing the system cost, we propose an intelligent offloading strategy based on ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm, where the ants randomly visit the CAPs in order to obtain the final results. To further enhance the MEC network performance, the array signal processing is utilized at the user, where either the maximum ratio transmission (MRT) or selection combining (SC) is used to assist the data transmission from the user to CAPs. Simulation results with MRT and SC are finally demonstrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed ACO-based offloading strategy and array signal processing schemes.
Ultrasound Assessment of Brachial Artery Reactivity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conventional cardiovascular risk factors do not always provide sufficiently accurate estimates of cardiovascular risk. Detection of arterial abnormalities that antedate clinical cardiovascular disease could potentially help refine cardiovascular risk assessment. Brachial artery reactivity testing (BART) is a noninvasive modality to detect endothelial dysfunction, an early feature of atherogenesis. An increase in brachial artery blood flow is brought about through transient forearm occlusion, and high-resolution ultrasonography is used to measure the resulting flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery, a vascular response that is believed to result at least in part from the hyperemia-induced release of nitric oxide from the endothelium in the upstream conduit artery. FMD is impaired in asymptomatic subjects with cardiovascular risk factors as well as in subjects with known cardiovascular disease. Several studies have shown impaired FMD to be associated with increased incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in select high-risk populations. Recent studies have also shown FMD to be predictive of future cardiovascular events in asymptomatic individuals. Furthermore, because endothelial dysfunction is involved in the development of atherosclerosis and its sequelae, FMD could be used as an intermediate endpoint to monitor risk-reduction therapy. BART may also be used to assess forearm microcirculatory function that has been recently shown to provide insights into pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and to correlate with cardiovascular risk factor burden. Thus, BART appears to be a promising adjunct in cardiovascular risk assessment. However, there is need to have more data about the incremental prognostic value of FMD in asymptomatic individuals and to establish its usefulness in treatment monitoring. There is also a need to establish consensus risk-defining cut-off values of FMD.
Cultural Branding, Geographic Source Indicators and Commodification

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One strategy for indigenous producers competing with global capital is to obtain geographic source protection (a form of trademark) for products traditionally associated with a cultural grouping or region. The strategy is controversial, and this article adds an additional reason to be cautious about adopting it. Specifically, consumers increasingly consume brands not for the products they designate but for the affiliation with the brands themselves. Since the benefits of source protection depend upon a consumer's desire to have a product actually from that source community, if consumers care more about the brand designation than the actual source, then those benefits will be more difficult to realize. In such an environment there would be tremendous pressure both to produce products that conform to (often exoticized) western images of cultures and to create property rights in the culture itself, empowering elites to further marginalize and suppress dissenting views.
Acute reverse microdialysis (MD) of atropine into the pontine respiratory group (PRG) of goats at night has no affect on breathing, but does tend to increase NREM and REM sleep

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Acetylcholine is an important neurotransmitter in the PRG ( Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2004 Nov 15;143(2‐3):235‐49). Tonic pontine influences may have increased importance during sleep to stabilize and prevent large fluctuations in breathing. Abnormalities in this tonic facilitation, such as attenuation of cholinergic modulation ( Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 131:135‐144, 2002.), may contribute to sleep‐disordered breathing. Accordingly, we chronically implanted microtubules into the PRG of 7 goats to assess the response of MD of atropine (50mM) into the PRG at night. MD of atropine at night did not have a significant effect on pulmonary ventilation (V I ), breathing frequency, or tidal volume compared to MD of mock cerebral spinal fluid (mCSF). However, a normal state‐dependent respiratory depression was observed, where V I during REM < V I during NREM < V I during wakefulness. The percent of NREM and REM sleep tended to increase from the first night of ipsilateral MD, to the second night of contralateral MD, and to the third night of bilateral MD. We conclude that MD of atropine into the PRG at night does not affect breathing, but does tend to increase both NREM and REM sleep. Supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIH 25739.