jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
What is the required accuracy of a test related to genetic improvement

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In 1998 a report is presented by an ICAR-INTERBULL task force group to the ICAR board on the effect of accuracy of recording on genetic progress. Member of the task force group were: Petra Galesloot (NL), Dave Johnson (NZ), Wijbrand Ouweltjes (NL), Andrea Rosati (IT), Larry Schaeffer (CAN), Torstein Steine (N), Paul VanRaden (USA), Hans Wilmink (NL, convenor). The main conclusion in that report were that genetic gain is hardly effected if recording intervals increase to 8 weeks; that test in mid lactations have most predictive value for 305 day records; that a decrease meter accuracy with 1 kg is equivalent to increase of recording interval with 1 week; that is more important to invest in data quality check by storage of recorded data in an integrated database. The recommendations to the ICAR board were therefore that meter accuracy can be relaxed; that minimum number of tests in lactation should be 4 and that recording systems should be more flexible. Galesloot and Ouweltjes (1998) studied the effect of different rates of accuracy of a milk meter on the heritability a measured trait and thus on genetic progress. In case of daily measurements, no decrease in heritability was could if meters became less accurate till 10%. In case of recording at 4 weekly intervals, the decrease in heritability was 0.02 if meters become 10% less accurate. In case of recording at 8 weekly intervals this decrease was also 0.02. It is concluded that the accuracy of meters can be relaxed, at least till 10%. This will not effect genetic progress. It is still important that meters are unbiased. Main emphasis should be to keep the costs for recording al low as possible in order to make recording attractive in the market. Thus a significant reduction of costs of meters or costs for analysis of the milk content would be most important. In line measurements of milk content would be still of interest, if accuracy is low, but bias is zero.
Occurrence of polymorphous light eruption in lupus erythematosus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Photosensitivity is a well-known manifestation of lupus erythematosus (LE). Since there are no strict criteria for photosensitivity, varying prevalence figures have been reported. Also, distinction from polymorphous light eruption (PLE) can be difficult. The purpose of this study was to characterize photosensitivity in more detail and to determine the occurrence of PLE in a series of well-documented LE patients. A questionnaire was answered by 337 LE patients seen at dermatology departments in Finland and Sweden, and 63 of the patients were invited for interview. According to the questionnaire, LE lesions were made worse by sunlight in 242 (72%) patients. Symptoms consistent with PLE were reported by 165 (49%) patients. Detailed personal interviews supported the results from the questionnaire, and revealed that PLE had started 2-45 years before the onset of LE in 23 of 37 patients with both diagnoses, and more than 7 years before in 18 of 37 (49%). PLE proved to be common in patients with both systemic and cutaneous LE. The two conditions may often coexist and, in about half of the cases, PLE preceded LE. These two diseases may share pathogenic factors. PLE might predispose to LE in a subgroup of PLE patients.
Constraint and Competition in Assemblages: A Cross-Continental and Modeling Approach for Ants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The mechanisms leading to structure in local assemblages are controversial. On the one hand, assemblage structure is thought to be the outcome of local interactions determined by the properties of species and their responses to the local environment. Alternatively, this structure has been shown to be an emergent property of assemblages of identical individuals or of random sampling of a regional assemblage. In ants at baits, a combination of environmental stress and interspecific competition is widely held to lead to a unimodal relationship between the abundance of dominant ants and species richness. It is thought that in comparatively adverse environments, both abundance and richness are low. As habitats become more favorable, abundance increases until the abundance of dominant ants is so high that they exclude those that are subordinate and so depress richness. Here we demonstrate empirically that this relationship is remarkably similar across three continents. Using a null model approach, we then show that the ascending part of the relationship is largely constrained to take this form not simply as a consequence of stress but also as a result of the shape of abundance frequency distributions. While the form of the species‐abundance frequency distribution can also produce the descending part of the relationship, interspecific competition might lead to it too. Scatter about the relationship, which is generally not discussed in the literature, may well be a consequence of resource availability and environmental patchiness. Our results draw attention to the significance of regional processes in structuring ant assemblages.
Performance Analysis of Opportunistic Routing in Multi-Sink Mobile Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless Sensor Networks are an active research area in diverse fields like military surveillance, habitat monitoring, weather and others. In WSN, the sensor nodes have a limited transmission range, processing, storage capabilities and energy resources. In this paper we illustrate the existing routing protocol ORMMA-WSN and analyse various parameters viz. throughput, delay, and network load by varying the number of sensor nodes and transmission power in a multi-sink scenario. Also, comparison has been made with AODV protocol. Analysis reveals that parameters are affected with increase in number of sensor nodes, transmitter power and ORMMA-WSN outperformed in throughput and delay with respect to AODV protocol.
A Hybrid Feature Extraction Technique for Optimized Motor Imagery Classification in BCI

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Motor Imagery (MI) Classification is critical in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems, allowing mental intentions to control external equipment. In this research, we propose a hybrid feature extraction strategy for optimal MI Classification in BCI. The technique uses Multi-Scale Principal Component Analysis (MSPCA) to denoise and improve the signal's quality. Following that, the preprocessed signals are subjected to independent applications of the Power Spectral Density (PSD), Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), and Hilbert Transform (HT), with each transformation extracting distinct features. These features are then merged to create a complete feature set. AlexNet, a re-known and efficient deep learning architecture, is then used for MI task categorization, which has shown promising results. Experiment findings on a publicly available dataset show that our proposed technique works impressively, with an amazing classification accuracy of around 99.2%.This hybrid strategy has various advantages over traditional methods. First, including MSPCA improves signal quality, reducing the impact of noise and other artifacts on classification performance. Second, combining PSD, CWT, and Hilbert Transform features yields a very comprehensive representation of MI patterns that extracts both spectral and temporal information. Third, by exploiting the capabilities of AlexNet, a cutting-edge deep learning model, excellent classification accuracy is achieved by efficiently learning complicated patterns from the combined feature space. All of these benefits add up to make our hybrid feature extraction technique a highly viable solution for improving MI Classification in BCI systems.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXERCISE ABILITY AND NUTRITION

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

For adult rats fed on the following six kinds of diets for about 80 days, intermediate metabolic substrates in serum, liver and skeletal muscle were determined. The components of feeding diet are as follows:1. STANDARD DIEF : 18% protein, 100 oil & 65% dextrin.2. HIGH PROTEIN-HIGH FAT DIET: 29% protein, 25% oil & 39% dextrin.3. LOW PROTEIN-LOW FAT DIET: 9% protein, 2% oil & 82% dextrin.4. STANDARD DIET modified with choline chloride & vitamin B, C & E.5. HIGH PROTEIN-HIGH FAT DIET modified with choline chloride & vitamin B, C & E.6. LOW PROTEIN-LOW FAT DIET modified with choline chloride & vitamin B, C & E. (reference : 1, 2, 3 ; due to National Institute of Nutrition)As the results increase of body weight was the least 3rd diet group, and by addition of choline chloride (above 4th, 5th & 6th diet groups) it were generally inhibited. Especially the latter phenomenon was remarkably observed in 6th diet group. Although intermediate metabolic substrates in skeletal muscle were no difference from their control levels, triglyceride and cholesterol of liver reduced also in 4th, 5th & 6th diet group, and FFA level of it increased on contrary. The triglycerides of interscapular brown fat and white fat of epididymis reduced in 4th, 5th & 6th diet groups. Furthermore, increase of triglyceride, FFA and cholesterol in serum observed in above 4th, 5th & 6th diet group, which will suggest that they might be removed from brown or white fat and choline chloride might play an important role of lipid-releasing effect from those tissues.
DETECTION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE FROM ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG) SIGNALS USING MULTITAPER AND ENSEMBLE LEARNING METHODS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease is a complex brain disease and is also the most common form of dementia that leads to impaired social and intellectual abilities. The disease only manifests itself with a simple forgetfulness, as the disease progresses, the patient forgets the recent events, cannot recognize his family members and close environment, and becomes in need of care in the last stage. Early detection is therefore crucial for medical intervention to prevent brain injury and prolong everyday functioning. In this study is aimed to detection of Alzheimer’s disease from EEG signals using the multitaper and ensemble learning methods. The dataset comprises of 24 healthy people and 24 Alzheimer's patients' EEG signals. 49 features were extracted by calculating the power spectral density (PSD) of the frequencies of the EEG signals between 1-49 Hz using the multitaper method. Then, the performances of AdaboostM1, Total Boost, Gentle Boost, Logit Boost, Robust Boost, and Bagging ensemble learning algorithms were compared. As a result of experiments, the Logit Boost algorithm has the highest performance. The algorithm has achieved a promising performance of 93.04% accuracy, 93.09% f1-score, 92.75% sensitivity, 93.43% precision, and 93.33% specificity.
Essays on the Bioeconomy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This dissertation covers three research papers on the resource use and the sustainability of the bioeconomy and specific bioeconomy conscepts. The first paper is build on a narrative literature review of studies that have examined effects of potential bioeconomy activities on factors that are captured within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper identifies trade-offs between the two political concepts of bioeconomy and SDGs, and reveals which aspects of sustainability are addressed and neglected by policy makers formulating bioeconomy concepts. The second paper quantifies the effects of an EU bioeconomy policy on global energy and agricultural markets, as well as on land use. In this paper, we analyze the implications of the EU biofuel policy stated in the latest renewable energy directive (RED II) using a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) Model. A crucial aspect of this paper is the evaluation of the palm oil biodiesel phase-out, conditioned by the regulations within the RED II. It is shown how the substitution and feedback effects of global agricultural markets undermine a policy meant to protect tropical ecosystems, and acts as a technical barrier to trade (TBT) potentially discriminating certain regions. The third paper is on the first study that explicitly focuses on aquaculture production in a CGE model.In this study feedback effects of substituting fishmeal and plant-based feed in aquaculture production and their implications on agricultural markets under various scenario assumptions are analyzed. The results show direct effects of aquaculture production and limited fishmeal supply on agricultural production, land use, and food prices. In addition, expanding aquaculture production increases prices for capture fish via fishmeal demand, and rebuilding sustainable fish stocks to achieve SDG 14 has significant adverse effects on welfare and food prices in marine fish dependent regions in the southern hemisphere.
Time-temperature-transformation kinetics in SRL waste glass

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Time-temperature-transformation (TTT) curves have been determined for SRL 165 waste glass. Extent and sequence of crystallization were determined by XRD and SEM. The incipient crystallization product, spinel, can be determined at one volume percent by magnetic susceptibility. The type and percentage of crystallization is correlated with waste glass durability. 20 references, 5 figures, 1 table.
The market mispricing of special items and accruals: one anomaly or two?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the special items (SI) mispricing reported in Burgstahler et al. is distinct from the accruals (ACC) mispricing documented in Sloan. Design/methodology/approach This paper employs the control hedge‐portfolio test, non‐overlap hedge‐portfolio test, and regression analysis to determine whether the SI anomaly is distinct from the ACC anomaly. In addition, the Mishkin test is used to examine the impact of SI on the ACC anomaly. Findings This paper has four main findings. First, one‐year‐ahead abnormal returns to the special‐items‐based hedge portfolio are much diminished when holding ACC constant, whereas those to the ACC‐based hedge portfolio remain significantly positive when holding SI constant. Second, the special‐items‐based hedge portfolio loses much of its ability to earn future abnormal returns without the help of extreme ACC, whereas the ACC‐based hedge portfolio remains profitable without the help of extreme SI. Third, SI are no longer negatively associated with future abnormal returns after controlling for ACC, whereas ACC remain negatively associated with future abnormal returns after controlling for SI. Finally, SI affect the extent to which the market overprices ACC, with negative (positive) SI aggravating (alleviating) ACC overpricing. Originality/value This is the first paper to show that the SI anomaly is dependent on the ACC anomaly.
Eyes: identity and commemoration in British 18th and 19th century sculpture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

While staring right at us, the varied representations of eyes in sculpture have largely gone unrecognised. Their consideration is essential, however, for the contemporary viewer's perception of, and identification with, the political and mythology subjects of eighteenth and nineteenth century statuary. A historical overview of the depiction of eyes reveals contradictions in neo-classical sculptural practices: a move from the emulation of the antique, with coloured eyes, to the presentation of uncarved marble eyeballs. This is highly significant for the individualisation of a statue is most achieved through the expression through the eyes both in facial appearance and gaze.
Extended Tapes of Cyclic Water Hexamers in an Unusual Oxalate-Bridged One-Dimensional Copper(II) Complex

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Extended tapes of cyclic water hexamers are formed in a one-dimensional copper(II) complex bridged by oxalate with a rare mono, bidentate coordination mode. The water tapes are stabilized by the hydrogen bond interactions between uncoordinated oxalate oxygen atoms and water molecules. Magnetic analysis reveals weak ferromagnetic interactions mediated by the oxalate bridge with the exchange parameter J = 0.36 cm-1.
Economics of Carbon Sequestration in Forestry

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Workshop Overview Managing Terrestrial Carbon Balances Via Forestry: Economic Considerations, R.N. Sampson and R.A. Sedjo Working Group Papers An Economic Approach to Planting Trees for Carbon Storage, P.J. Parks, D.O. Hall, B. Kristrom, O.R. Masera, R.J. Moulton, A.J. Plantinga, J.N. Swisher, and J.K. Winjum Sequestering Carbon in Natural Forests, C.S. Binkley, M.J. Apps, R.K. Dixon, P. Kauppi, and L.O. Nilsson Consideration of Country and Forestry/Land-Use Characteristics in Choosing Forestry Instruments to Achieve Climate Mitigation Goals, K.R. Richards, R. Alig, J.D. Kinsman, M. Palo, and B. Sohngen Conceptual Issues Related to Carbon Sequestration: Uncertainty and Time, G.C. van Kooten, A. Grainger, E. Ley, G. Marland, and B. Solberg Individual Papers Incorporating Climate Considerations into the National Basic Plan in Japan, M. Amano Economic Impact of Climatic Change on the Global Forest Sector, J. Perez-Garcia, L.A. Joyce, A.D. McGuire, and C.S. Binkley Silvicultural Options to Conserve and Sequester Carbon in Forest Systems: Preliminary Economic Assessment, R.K. Dixon CO2-Taxing, Timber Rotations, and Market Implications, H.F. Hoen and B. Solberg Compensating for Opportunity Costs in Forest-Based Global Climate Change Mitigation, A. Grainger Optimal Subsidies for Carbon: Cost-Effectiveness and Distributional Considerations, E. Ley and R.A. Sedjo Carbon Sequestration and Tree Plantations: A Case Study in Argentina, E. Ley and R.A. Sedjo The Economic and Environmental Impact of Paper Recycling, S. Bystrom and L. Lonnstedt Forest Biomass-Based Mitigation Strategies: Does the Timing of Carbon Reductions Matter? G. Marland, B. Schlamadinger, and P. Leiby Forestry Options for Sequestering Carbon in Mexico: Comparative Economic Analysis of Three Case Studies, O. Masera, M.R. Bellon, and G. Segura The Physical Risks of Reforestation as a Strategy to Offset Global Climate Change, R.J Moulton and J.F. Kelly Can Recycling of Waste Help us to Sequester Carbon in Forestry? Experimental Results and Economic Visions, L.O. Nilsson The Cost of Carbon Sequestration in Forests: A Positive Analysis, A.J. Plantinga The Time Value of Carbon in Bottom-Up Strategies, K.R. Richards Coercion and Enterprise in the Provision of Environmental Public Goods: The Case of Carbon Sequestration in the United States, K.R. Richards A Dynamic Model of Forest Carbon Storage in the United States During Climatic Change, B. Sohngen and R. Mendelsohn Forest Biomass as Carbon Sink-Economic Value and Forest Management/Policy Implications, B. Solberg Incremental Costs of Carbon Storage in Forestry, Bioenergy, and Land-Use, J.E. Swisher Assessing Timber and Nontimber Values in Forestry Using a General Equilibrium Framework, W.A. Thompson, G.C. van Kooten, and I. Vertinsky
Collecting: a way of exploring the difficulty to leave game world

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Digital games have become a part of daily life for people in recent years. they have the capacity of making game users set playing games as top priority in daily life. In this sense, playing digital games can break the balance between the virtual and the reality and it is possible that some people may get lost in the virtual world. However, this thesis argues that it can be inappropriate just equating excessive play with addiction. By discussing and connecting previous literature reviews on games and addiction, as well as adding three game case studies, this thesis finally finds collecting as a different approach to explore the difficulty to leave game world. Through discussing in-game collecting and book collecting in ancient China, this thesis helps answer how people understand the heavy use on digital games and what is hidden behind choosing to stay in game world.
Genetics healthcare providers' experiences counseling patients with results from consumer genomic testing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Consumer genomic testing (CGT), including direct‐to‐consumer and consumer‐initiated testing, is increasingly widespread yet has limited regulatory oversight. To assess the current state, we surveyed genetics healthcare providers' experiences with CGT. Methods A retrospective survey about experiences counseling on CGT results was completed by 139 respondents recruited from the National Society of Genetic Counselors, Clinical Cancer Genomics Community of Practice, and genetics professional societies. Results Among respondents, 41% disagreed with the statement that potential benefits of CGT outweigh harms, 21% agreed, and 38% were undecided. A total of 94% encountered ≥1 challenge counseling CGT patients, including adverse psychosocial events (76%), incorrect variant interpretation (68%), and unconfirmed results (69%); unconfirmed results were more common among oncology providers ( p = 0.03). Providers reporting higher total challenge scores ( p = 0.004) or more psychosocial or interpretation challenges ( p ≤ 0.01) were more likely to indicate CGT harms outweigh benefits. Those with higher CGT clinical volume were more likely to indicate benefits outweigh harms ( p = 0.003). Additional CGT challenges included patient understanding and communication of results, false negatives, incorrect testing/care, and financial costs; seven respondents (6%) documented positive outcomes. Conclusion Providers counseling CGT patients encounter psychosocial and medical challenges. Collaborations between regulators, CGT laboratories, providers, and consumers may help mitigate risks.
VERTICAL PROFILE OF DENSITY IN A VAN DER WAALS ATMOSPHERE IN NATAL CITY

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The van der Waals state equation for atmosphere is determined from the critical temperature and critical pressure of the air gases. The meteorological radiosonde measures atmospheric pressure, temperature, and other meteorological variables, at several altitude levels. Therefore, the diurnal and nocturnal vertical profiles of the monthly average density of the atmosphere were constructed, considering the atmospheric system as an ideal gas and also as a van der Waals gas. For this purpose, the radiosonde data of the atmosphere of the metropolitan region of Natal-RN, Brazil, from 2010 to 2017, with altitude ranging from 50m to 10km.
Jenis Jenis Konflik Dalam Organisasi

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Organizational conflict is an unavoidable dynamic that significantly affects effectiveness and productivity. This study examines various types of conflicts in organizations, such as interpersonal, intrapersonal, and structural conflicts, along with their impact on organizational performance. Through a literature review approach, this research explores conflict causes, including value differences, poor communication, and resource competition. The findings reveal that conflicts can yield positive outcomes, such as fostering innovation and strengthening relationships, while also leading to negative effects, such as stress and reduced performance. This study provides insights for organizational managers to constructively manage conflicts, ensuring organizational sustainability.