jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Construction of α-Fe2O3/Sulfur-Doped Polyimide Direct Z-Scheme Photocatalyst with Enhanced Solar Light Photocatalytic Activity

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel two-dimensional α-Fe2O3/sulfur-doped polyimide (FO/SPI) direct Z-scheme photocatalyst was successfully constructed by a facile thermal treatment method. The effects of α-Fe2O3 nanosheets on the morphology, chemical structure, and photoelectronic properties of FO/SPI composites were systematically characterized by different spectroscopic means. These methods include X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transient fluorescence spectra, and so forth. It was confirmed that the small amounts of α-Fe2O3 can availably facilitate exfoliation of bulk SPI, resulting in a transformation of SPI from bulk to 2D layered composite that illustrates tight interface through the coordination Fe-N bond and an all-solid-state direct Z-scheme junction. Thus, the transfer and separation efficiency of photogenerated electron/hole pairs were significantly enhanced, which greatly promoted improvement of the photocatalytic activity of the FO/SPI composite for methyl orange degradation under solar light. This work provides a new approach to constructing efficient inorganic-organic Z-scheme photocatalyst based on strong interface interaction.
Comparative Study on the Performance of Basic Algorithm and Iterative Algorithm for Subaperture Stitching Interferometry

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The basic algorithm and the iterative one,i.e.,the subaperture stitching location (SASL) algorithm are comparatively analyzed in principle.The solution method for overlapping mathematical operators in the SASL algorithm is proposed to determine the overlapping correspondence in the basic algorithm.Theperformance of the two algorithms is compared through subaperture stitching experiments.The results show that the SASL algorithm is less sensitive to the alignment error of subapertures,leading to more reliable measurement results.The SASL algorithm can be applied to flats,spheres and aspheres.
EcoHealth and One Health: A theory-focused review in response to calls for convergence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Background: EcoHealth and One Health are two major approaches broadly aimed at understanding the links between human, animal, and environment health. There have been increasing calls for convergence between the two. If convergence is desired, greater clarity regarding the underlying theoretical assumptions of both approaches is required. This would also support integrated research to effectively address complex health issues at the human, animal and environment interface. To better understand the areas of overlap and alignment, we systematically compared and contrasted the theoretical assumptions of both approaches.
The Fog Computing Attemper Layer Model Based on Agent Role

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, a new role task scheduling method based on behavior flow is proposed for fog computing system. Because the traditional computing has changed from data oriented to edge oriented and distributed computing, the task scheduling method combines the role collaboration behavior and role Organization definition behavior in resource nodes by establishing the role behavior flow system, and establishes the role behavior flow mode from the center to the edge, so that the computing nodes can advance according to the behavior roles of their respective nodes Line classification processing. Therefore, it can effectively solve the problems of slow service response, high power consumption and frequent task interruption caused by large amount of data and redundant operations in traditional cloud computing systems.
The attenuated virulence of a Burkholderia cenocepacia K56-2 paaABCDE mutant is due to inhibition of quorum sensing by release of phenylacetic acid

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The phenylacetic acid degradation pathway of Burkholderia cenocepacia is necessary for full pathogenicity of B. cenocepacia in nematode; however, the reasons of such requirements are unknown. Unlike wild type B. cenocepacia, a deletion mutant of the phenylacetyl-CoA monooxygenase complex (ΔpaaABCDE) released phenylacetic acid extracellularly in conditions that allow infection in Caenorhabditis elegans. Addition of phenylacetic acid further decreased the pathogenicity of the ΔpaaABCDE, which cannot metabolize phenylacetic acid, but did not affect the wild type, due to phenylacetic acid consumption. Detection of acyl-homoserine lactones was reduced in spent medium from ΔpaaABCDE compared to that of the wild type strain. Phenotypes repressed in ΔpaaABCDE, protease activity and pathogenicity against C. elegans, increased with the addition of exogenous N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone. Thus, it was demonstrated that the attenuated phenotype of B. cenocepacia ΔpaaABCDE is due to quorum sensing inhibition by release of phenylacetic acid, affecting N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone signaling.
Public perceptions of Internet‐based health scams, and factors that promote engagement with them

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The prevalence of health scams in Canada is increasing, facilitated by the rise of the Internet as a mass communication medium. However, little is known about the nature of this phenomena. Building on previous work exploring the nature of Internet health scams (IHS), this project sought to better understand the reasons why people engaged with IHS, and if contemporary psychosocial theory can help explain IHS engagement. A mixed-methods study, involving a web-based survey incorporating qualitative questions and the Susceptibility to Persuasion-II Brief psychometric scale (STP-II Brief), were administered (N = 194) in British Columbia, Canada, in 2017. Results (n = 156) demonstrated that 40% of participants had ever engaged with IHS, but only 1% reported to have actually lost money to a deceptive product/service. Associations between scam engagement, participant demographics and STP-II Brief scores were explored, with Sex and Employment Status both found to have a significant effect on odds of IHS engagement. STP-II Brief scores were positively correlated with a likelihood of engagement with IHS, even when adjusting for demographic characteristics. The types of IHS most frequently engaged with were those related to body image products, and social influence appeared to be a dominant psychosocial factor promoting engagement. Participants reported that claims of products being 'natural', the result of scientific breakthroughs, use of pseudoscientific language, use of testimonials, and celebrity or professional endorsement could lead them to engage with a product. These findings can help inform health professionals' understanding of public health-seeking behaviours with respect to deceptive marketing.
Phonological Adaptation of Arabic Loan Words in Persian: Consonants

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the research is to study the phonological adaptation of Arabic loanwords in Persian, on the focus of consonants which their articulators are inactive in Persian. Authors gathered 700 Arabic loan words from Persian Dictionary of Moienand then they extracted phonemic form of loan words from two Arabic dictionaries, Contemporary Arabic – Persian Dictionary and Assimil Franais- Arabe Dictionary. The framework of the study is OT (Optimality Theory). The findings of the study is that interdental, pharyngeal, and bilabial glide places of articulation are inactive articulators in Persian and Persian language speakers replace loan words containing these consonants with the closest consonants in terms of place of articulation.
Optimizing scope 3 emissions in the automotive manufacturing industry: a multidisciplinary approach

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The acceleration of global climate change poses enormous challenges to the automotive manufacturing industry, a key sector in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Particularly, Scope 3 emissions, encompassing indirect emissions, often constitute the largest carbon footprint component in this sector, yet their quantification and management remain challenging. This paper proposes an interdisciplinary approach that integrates cloud computing, text analysis, and machine learning, and systematically details its implementation, key benefits, and potential applications. Through this methodology, the paper seeks to provide the automotive industry with innovative and actionable insights to tackle the complexities of Scope 3 emissions. It focuses on enhancing the accuracy of emission quantification and optimizing supply chains, aiming to reduce the overall carbon footprint. Moreover, this paper outlines the future challenges and directions for these technologies and methodologies in sustainable development and environmental management. This work underlines the critical role of interdisciplinary approaches in resolving environmental challenges, setting the stage for the automotive industry to forge paths towards a greener future. Graphical Abstract
Nosocomial Pneumococcal Bacteremia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In five years we studied 56 episodes of pneumococcal bacteremia. Twenty-three (41%) were nosocomial and 33 (59%) community acquired. Most of our patients were elderly men with multiple underlying diseases; however, those patients with nosocomial infections had a significantly higher incidence of malignant neoplasms (57% vs 24%), poor functional status (70% vs 25%), and ultimately fatal underlying disease (61% vs 21%). Alcoholism was more common among the patients with community-acquired bacteremia (45% vs 17%). Nosocomial infections carried a significantly higher overall mortality (73.9% vs 45.4%). The mortality directly related to the pneumococcal bacteremia was also higher (52% vs 39%), but not significantly. Most of the isolated strains were serotypes present in the new pneumococcal vaccine, which only one study patient had received. Mixed pneumococcal bacteremia with gram-negative bacilli was more frequent in nosocomial infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae can be a nosocomial pathogen in elderly, debilitated patients. Pneumococcal vaccination should be incorporated in a hospital-based prevention program for high-risk patients.
Preparation of Au/α‐Fe 2 O 3 Electrode for the Detection of Dopamine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this study, Au/α‐Fe 2 O 3 sensing material was synthesized and used as the working electrode for dopamine sensing. The Au/α‐Fe 2 O 3 composites were prepared with various loadings (0.5 %, 1 %, and 3 %) to enhance their sensing properties. All three composites were tested for dopamine sensing, with 1 % Au/α‐Fe 2 O 3 showing the best response. The Au/α‐Fe 2 O 3 composites were characterized using XRD, TEM, and SEM to confirm successful doping of Au on the iron oxide surface. The CV plot obtained by plotting Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) vs. dopamine (DA) was linear (R 2 =0.9872) for DA concentrations ranging from 6.25 μM–200 μM on 1 % Au/α‐Fe 2 O 3 . Similarly, the DPV plot between DPV vs. DA was linear (R 2 =0.9895) for the same DA concentration range on 1 % Au/α‐Fe 2 O 3 , with a detection limit of 0.19 μM. Interference and stability experiments were conducted with dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA), and uric acid (UA). The results showed that DA sensing was not affected by the other two substances for up to 14 days. The signal results indicated that the current intensity remained at 90.75 % of the original, proving that this material has good stability.
Isolation and structural analysis of rat gastric mucus glycoprotein suggests a homogeneous protein backbone

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We isolated monomeric gastric mucus glycoprotein from the rat stomach by applying three successive CsCl-density-gradient steps in the continuous presence of guanidinium chloride. The rat gastric mucin was pure as compared with mucin isolated without the chaotropic reagent. In addition, the presence of guanidinium chloride resulted in a better preservation of the protein moiety. The purified mucin was fractionated according to buoyant density and chemically radiolabelled on tyrosine or cysteine residues and digested with specific proteinases. Analysis of mucin fractions of various densities gave identical peptide patterns, suggesting that the fractions contain a common protein backbone. Electron-microscopic images of the individual mucin molecules were recorded using rotary shadowing. They showed large filamentous molecules with a mean length of 208 nm that, after proteolytic digestion, yielded glycopeptides with a mean length of 149 nm. Heterogeneity in buoyant density and electrophoretic mobility is located in this large glycopeptide which remains after proteolytic digestion. Metabolic labelling of the mucin with [35 S]sulphate and [3H]galactose, followed by purification and proteolytic digestion, revealed that this glycopeptide accounts for most of the mass and contains relatively little protein, but probably all the oligosaccharides and sulphate. As this protein part is masked by the oligosaccharides, detailed study by the methods described was not possible. The results indicate that rat gastric mucin is homogeneous in a major part of the protein backbone and that the heterogeneity of the molecule originates most likely from differences in sulphate and/or sugar composition.
Evaluation of four methods for cytomegalovirus antibody detection for use by a bone marrow transplantation service

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Four methods, latex agglutination, indirect fluorescent antibody, enzyme immunoassay, and complement fixation, were compared for cytomegalovirus antibody screening and for pre- and posttransplant determinations on bone marrow transplant recipients. Latex agglutination was most sensitive (98%) and specific (97%) for screening and pretransplant determinations and was quickest and easiest to perform. In posttransplant sera from allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients, all methods except complement fixation detected cytomegalovirus antibody from therapeutically administered globulin preparations; this made it difficult to determine the significance of changes in cytomegalovirus antibody titer.
Battery efficient wildlife footage recorder (BEFPi)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Wildlife footage capturing is very difficult and time-consuming. The photographer has to wait for the long duration in order to get desired footage. In order to solve this, there is the system where we set up cameras in different spots. The limitation of the conventional system is that cameras are to be set in recording mode for entire day and night. Such systems require the expensive camera with long-lasting battery life. The BEFPi saves battery as the cameras are set to recording, only when motion is sensed. The camera is switched off when no motion is detected. Footage recorded will be saved in memory. It is more advantageous than existing methods as it gets rid of unwanted footage being recorded and thus save memory and battery life. It is more cost-effective than the existing system.
Direct Adhesion of Nylon Resin to Stainless Steel Plates Coated with Triazine Thiol Polymer by Electropolymerization during Injection-Molding.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジチオール-6-ナトリウムチオレート (TTN) 水溶液中で電解重合処理し, その表面にトリアジントリチオールポリマー (TTP) を被膜形成したステンレス鋼板は, 射出成形で6-ナイロン樹脂と直接接着し6MPa以上のせん断接着強度を示す. この接着機構をXPS分析および化学的酸化重合で合成したTTPとアミン化合物, ナイロンオリゴマーとのモデル反応から検討した. TTP被膜のXPS分析結果は, ステンレス鋼板との界面でFeあるいはCrメルカプチドが形成されていることを示した. 酸化重合のTTPはアミン化合物と反応しトリアジンチオールアミノ誘導体を与え, またこのTTPを溶融混練したナイロンオリゴマーのNMRスペクトルでは末端アミノ基に隣接するメチレンのシグナルが消失した. 接着機構は, ステンレス鋼と化学結合したTTP被膜上のトリアジン環とナイロン分子末端アミノ基の求核置換反応による化学結合の形成であることが明らかになった.
Bone density and mechanical properties in femoral bone of swim loaded aged mice.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Effects of swimming on bone density and mechanical properties of femur were investigated in aged male and female mice. R/1 strain of senescence accelerated mouse (SAM) at eleven months old was used. Two groups of males and two groups of females each consisting of 7 mice were used. One male and one female groups were loaded with a swim regiment of 40 min a day, 5 days a week for 6 consecutive weeks. The remaining groups were used as the controls. All mice were fed with the standard diet and water ad libitum during the experiments. The results of this study indicated that (i) the body weight was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the swimming groups than in the control groups in both sexes. (ii) The bone density was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the swimming groups than in the control groups in both sexes. However, there was no significant difference in cortical thickness index. (iii) In the mechanical properties of bone, there were no significant differences in the level of the maximum breaking force, the ultimate stress and the deformation between the swimming and the control groups in both sexes. However, the elasticity of the bone of the female mice in the swimming group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the control group. These results suggest that regimented swimming for the aged mice might suppress age-associated bone loss, and the effect of exercise in the females is greater that in the males.
Surface decoration of selenium nanoparticles by mushroom polysaccharides–protein complexes to achieve enhanced cellular uptake and antiproliferative activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

By using mushroom polysaccharides-protein complexes (PSP) as the capping agent, size controllable and highly stable selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have been successfully created in a simple redox system of sodium selenite and ascorbic acid. SeNPs were capped with PSP through strong physical adsorption of hydroxyl groups of polysaccharides and imino groups of proteins on the surface of SeNPs. PSP surface decoration significantly enhanced the cellular uptake of SeNPs through endocytosis. Treatment with PSP-SeNPs significantly inhibited the growth of MCF-7 human breast cacinoma cells through induction of apoptosis with the involvement of PARP cleavage and caspase activation. Moreover, PSP-SeNPs not only significantly induced dose-dependent disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential in MCF-7 cells after 24 h treatment, but it also enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as early as 15 min, indicating that ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role in PSP-SeNPs-induced apoptosis. Our results suggest that PSP-SeNPs may be a candidate for further evaluation as a chemopreventive agent for human cancers, and the strategy to use PSP as a surface decorator could be a highly efficient way to enhance the cellular uptake and anticancer efficacy of nanomaterials.
United States-Iran Relations: The Trump Impact

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In spite of the ongoing enmity between the United States (U.S.) and Iran, the signing of the 2015 nuclear deal during the Presidency of Barack Obama was a turning point that had a potential to repair the bilateral relations. On the other hand, President Donald Trump’s decision to withdraw from the deal in 2018 dashed hopes of many for the stabilization of bilateral relations as well as the containment of the nuclear threat. Recently, President Joe Biden’s potential reengagement with Iran is being questioned, even though the use force might still be an attractive choice. In that context, the article will shed light on the U.S.-Iran relations during the Presidencies of Obama, Trump and Biden respectively. Thus, the fluctuation in recent bilateral relations will be understood from a comparative perspective. It is argued that the anti-Iran strategy of Trump pushed the bilateral relations into a stalemate and his foreign policy legacy prevailed over the efforts to reconcile with Iran by both Obama and Biden administrations.
Segmentation of Partially Shadowed Rust Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The use of digital image processing for the analysis of corroded painted surfaces of constructions is considered. Rust segmentation of painted surface images in different illumination conditions, especially shadows, is a challenging task. Shadows influence on RGB pixel values in images and lead to further oversegmentation. The parameterized Retinex is used to eliminate non-uniform illumination. The influence of color restoration of partially shadowed rust images on segmentation results is studied. The color restoration is fulfilled using ColorChecker and least-squares approximation by a linear function. Gaussian mixture models based rust segmentation was used. Finally the results of experiments are shown and analyzed.
Hemoptysis and lung cancer: can we be reassured when Chest CT is negative?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Hemoptysis is a common and challenging symptom and may be associated with life-threatening medical conditions such as lung cancer. Aims: Evaluate the sensitivity of CT and bronchoscopy in diagnosing malignant causes of hemoptysis. Methods: Retrospective study of patients presenting with hemoptysis who underwent CT and bronchoscopy at our Center, from January 2013 to December 2018. Results: A total of 111 patients were included in the study (mean age 64.3 [SD 14.1] years). Most of them (59.5%) were male and half (50.4%) had a positive smoking history. The most common etiologies for hemoptysis were pulmonary malignancy (33.3%), pneumonia (20%) and bronchiectasis (20%). Bronchoscopy provided microbiologic, cytologic and histopathologic samples, demonstrating not only the presence of infection and cancer, but also early mucosal abnormalities, squamous metaplasia and a benign papilloma. In what concerns the 37 cases of lung cancer diagnosed, there were no false negative CT-scans. Bronchoscopy confirmed 29 tumours, six were beyond bronchoscopic range. The majority of the patients with cancer were males (75.7%) and most of them had a positive smoking history (72.9%). In our series, no patient aged <50 years presented with hemoptysis and lung cancer. Conclusions: In our series, pulmonary malignancy was the main diagnosis in patients with hemoptysis evaluated with chest CT and bronchoscopy. CT, when compared to endoscopy, not only had a higher diagnostic sensitivity (100% vs 78,4%, respectively), but was also able to identify all lung cancer cases. More studies are necessary to better characterize the subgroup of patients with hemoptysis who need a more comprehensive approach in excluding malignancy.
Plasma behavior and characteristics of a pulsed‐laser‐driven MHD electrical power generation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The fundamental electrical power generation experiment of a pulsed‐laser‐driven magnet hydrodynamics generator with a divergent channel and segmented electrodes has been conducted with a rough estimate of gas heating efficiency of laser energy. The output energy is increased with the decrease in the initial filling gas pressure because of the increase in the gas velocity and the electrical conductivity with the gas temperature. The output power is surely improved in comparison with the previously examined generator with constant height channel and continuous electrode. About 70% of the incident laser energy is absorbed and less than 20% is transferred to the blast wave energy at low initial filling gas pressure in the present experimental setup.