jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stainable iron in aspirated and needle‐biopsy specimens of marrow: A source of error

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Marrow iron was assessed in needle biopsy sections and in simultaneously obtained aspirated smears and aspirated clot sections from 251 patients. Significantly different amounts of stainable iron were observed in needle biopsy sections and aspirated smears in 15% of the specimens. The usual difference consisted of significantly less stainable iron in needle biopsy sections as compared to the aspirated smears (13%). Of clinical importance was the finding of absent stainable iron in 8% of the needle biopsy sections, in contrast to the definite deposits observed in the corresponding aspirated smear. Of similar interest was the observation that 6% of the needle biospy sections had significantly less stainable iron than corresponding hemosiderotic smears. The amounts of stainable iron in needle biopsy sections were similar to the amounts observed in the corresponding aspirated clot sections. Evaluation of marrow iron using needle biopsy sections as well as aspirated clot sections differs from results observed in aspirated smears and could be a source of significant error in the assessment of iron stores.
Topoisomerase II Inhibitors and Poisons, and the Influence of Cell Cycle Checkpoints

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Interactions between the decatenation checkpoint and Topoisomerase II (TopoII) are vital for maintaining integrity of the genome. Agents that target this enzyme have been in clinical use in cancer therapy for over 30 years with great success. The types of compounds that have been developed to target TopoII are broadly divided into poisons and catalytic inhibitors. The TopoII poisons are in clinical use as anti-cancer therapies, although in common to most chemotherapeutic agents, they display considerable normal tissue toxicity. Inhibition of the TopoIIb isoform has been implicated in this cytotoxicity. Response to TopoII active agents is determined by several factors, but cell cycle checkpoints play a large role in sensitivity and resistance. The G2/M phase checkpoints are of particular importance in considering the effectiveness of these drugs and are reviewed in this article. Functionality of the ATM dependent decatenation checkpoint may represent a new avenue for selective cancer therapy. Here we review the function of TopoII, the anti-cancer mechanisms and limitations of current catalytic inhibitors and poisons, and their influence on cell cycle checkpoints. We will also assess potential new mechanisms for targeting this enzyme to limit normal tissue toxicity, and how the cell cycle checkpoint triggered by these drugs may provide an alternative and possibly better target for novel therapies.
[Perinatal integrative intervention for critical pulmonary artery valve stenosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the fetuses with definite prenatal diagnosis of critical pulmonary valve stenosis, preoperative general condition can be adjusted to more suitable for emergency operation. Early PBPV can achieve shorter hypoxic exposure and better recovery of right ventricular function post procedure. Perinatal integrated intervention for CPS can significantly improve the prognosis and quality of life in this patient population.
Cytochrome C Reductase Activity of Meningopneumonitis Organisms at Different Stages of Development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Purified suspensions of both mature infectious elementary bodies and intermediate reproductive reticulate bodies of meningopneumonitis organisms were tested for NADH-cytochrome C reductase activity. Both intact and disrupted suspensions of reticulate bodies showed a relatively high enzyme activity. Intact elementary body preparations showed very low activity, but a 12-fold increase occurred when the organisms were disrupted by sonic treatment. The results indicate difference in envelope or membrane permeability at different developmental stages.
Diversity of Interaction Solutions of a Shallow Water Wave Equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study the diversity of interaction solutions of a shallow water wave equation, the generalized Hirota–Satsuma–Ito (gHSI) equation. Using the Hirota direct method, we establish a general theory for the diversity of interaction solutions, which can be applied to generate many important solutions, such as lumps and lump‐soliton solutions. This is an interesting feature of this research. In addition, we prove this new model is integrable in Painlevé sense. Finally, the diversity of interactive wave solutions of the gHSI is graphically displayed by selecting specific parameters. All the obtained results can be applied to the research of fluid dynamics.
Role of Odontology in Forensic Medicine: An Update

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The role of dental characteristics to identify deceased individuals is well recognized since late nineteenth century. This application of dental science for the identification of the deceased had originally been driven by external agencies, for instance police; coroner's and courts instead of the dental community. However once the value of forensic odontology was recognized by dentists, it has evolved into a specialty within. Today forensic odontology is considered specialized and reliable method for identification of the deceased, particularly in disaster situations.
Wetting, reactivity, and phase formation at interfaces between Ni–Al melts and TiB 2 ultrahigh‐temperature ceramic

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The wetting, reactivity, and phase formation at the liquid Ni–Al/TiB 2 ceramic interfaces have been investigated at the temperatures close to the Ni–Al liquidus line. The wetting kinetics has been studied by the sessile drop technique utilizing liquid drop dispension and high‐speed high‐resolution video imaging. It is established that the wetting behavior changes from a nonreactive for the Al‐rich melts to a dissolution‐reactive for the Ni‐rich melts. For the Ni concentration ≥40 at.%, TiB 2 precipitates are found in the solidified Ni–Al droplets after the high‐temperature interaction of the melts with TiB 2 substrates. Besides, new (Al,Ti)Ni 3 and (Al,Ti) 2 Ni 21 B 6 phases are formed due to dissolution of TiB 2 ceramic in Ni‐rich melts and subsequent solidification.
Root Colonization by Agrobacterium tumefaciens Is Reduced in cel , attB , attD , and attR Mutants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Root colonization by Agrobacterium tumefaciens was measured by using tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana roots dipped in a bacterial suspension and planted in soil. Wild-type bacteria showed extensive growth on tomato roots; the number of bacteria increased from 10 3 bacteria/cm of root length at the time of inoculation to more than 10 7 bacteria/cm after 10 days. The numbers of cellulose-minus and nonattaching attB , attD , and attR mutant bacteria were less than 1/10,000th the number of wild-type bacteria recovered from tomato roots. On roots of A. thaliana ecotype Landsberg erecta , the numbers of wild-type bacteria increased from about 30 to 8,000 bacteria/cm of root length after 8 days. The numbers of cellulose-minus and nonattaching mutant bacteria were 1/100th to 1/10th the number of wild-type bacteria recovered after 8 days. The attachment of A. tumefaciens to cut A. thaliana roots incubated in 0.4% sucrose and observed with a light microscope was also reduced with cel and att mutants. These results suggest that cellulose synthesis and attachment genes play a role in the ability of the bacteria to colonize roots, as well as in bacterial pathogenesis.
Preparation and Characterization of Glycoprotein-Resistant Starch Complex As a Coating Material for Oral Bioadhesive Microparticles for Colon-Targeted Polypeptide Delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

For effective oral delivery of polypeptide or protein and enhancement their oral bioavailability, a new resistant starch-glycoprotein complex bioadhesive carrier and an oral colon-targeted bioadhesive delivery microparticle system were developed. A glycoprotein, concanavalin A (Con A), was successfully conjugated to the molecules of resistant starch acetate (RSA), leading to the formation of resistant starch-glycoprotein complex. This Con A-conjugated RSA film as a coating material showed an excellent controlled-release property. In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type II diabetic rats, the insulin-loaded microparticles coated with this Con A-conjugated RSA film exhibited good hypoglycemic response for keeping the plasma glucose level within the normal range for totally 44-52 h after oral administration with different insulin dosages. Oral glucose tolerance tests indicated that successive oral administration of these colon-targeted bioadhesive microparticles with insulin at a level of 50 IU/kg could achieve a hypoglycemic effect similar to that by injection of insulin at 35 IU/kg. Therefore, the potential of this new Con A-conjugated RSA film-coated microparticle system has been demonstrated to be capable of improving the oral bioavailability of bioactive proteins and peptides.
On (Lost and Found) Analytical History in Political Science

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

I argue that feminism develops a historicist critique of philosophy from within philosophy. Feminist thinkers bring to bear both history and historicist sensibilities to reveal concepts as constructs of power rather than given in nature, and reason as fractured, weaponised, and thickly situated in political structures. They thereby take aim at both philosophy and – relatedly – patriarchy. But feminists are not immune from the lure of conceptual analysis, from wanting to fix, to get right, the terms of their campaign – nor indeed from wanting themselves to claim a transcendent vantage point of truth. This chapter is about the gulf between history and philosophy, and the feminist bridge between them.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 215 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Utricularia andongensis Welw. ex Hiern" ] } The dataset includes 215 records from 26 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0131887-240321170329656/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Osteoprotegerin and Soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand and Risk for Coronary Events

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective— The purpose of this study was to examine the association between serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and future coronary artery disease (CAD) in apparently healthy individuals. The identification of OPG as a novel cardiovascular risk marker suggests an association between mediators of bone homeostasis and cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results— Serum levels of OPG and RANKL were analyzed in a prospective case–control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk) study, a cohort study of 25 663 men and women, where 951 apparently healthy individuals who developed a coronary event during 6 years’ follow-up were matched by sex and age with 1705 healthy controls. Baseline OPG, but not RANKL, was higher in cases than in controls, and OPG was higher in women than in men. Both men and women in the highest OPG quartile had a higher risk for future CAD. These associations were independent of established cardiovascular risk factors, and when using OPG as a continuous variable, also after adjustment for CRP. In contrast, RANKL showed no association with coronary events. Conclusion— OPG is associated with the risk of future CAD in apparently healthy men and women, independent of established cardiovascular risk factors.
The impact of service quality and activity on visitors' satisfaction: A study on tourism industry in Sarawak (Damai Puri Resort, Sematan Palm Beach Resort, & One Hotel Santubong)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Tourism means to travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization (1995) defmes tourists as people and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. Besides that, Bennett (2000), states that tourism is a people temporarily traveling to destinations apart from the places where they live, work, and also the activities during their stay at those destinations>,The changes in the Malaysian lifestyle has caused much industrialization and urbanization in major parts of Malaysia which creates an atmosphere that is full of pollution and stress like traffic jams, therefore Malaysian would prefer to retreat to these destinations just to relax and have fun. Thus, many Malaysians realized the importance of getting away from all the hustle and bustle of life to a much peaceful place as a source for enjoyment in a relaxing environment, which encourage them to take trips to visit other places (Stecker, 1996).
Biochemical characterization of the bile acid synthetic enzyme 3β‐hydroxy‐Δ 5 ‐C 27 steroid dehydrogenase/isomerase type VII

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cholesterol is a key biological molecule that is a vital precursor of steroid molecule biosynthesis, including steroid hormones, bile acids and vitamin D 3. These processes require 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) enzymes, which catalyze dehydrogenation of hydroxysteroids. This family of enzymes catalyzes a wide variety of reaction mechanisms, carrying out a combination of oxidation, isomerization and decarboxylase reactions that result in the formation of cholesterol, steroid hormones and bile acids. 3β‐hydroxy‐Δ 5 ‐C 27 steroid dehydrogenase/isomerase type VII (HSD3B7) is responsible for the NAD+ dependent conversion of 7α‐hydroxycholesterol (7‐OHC) to 7α‐hydroxy‐3‐oxo‐4‐cholestenoate (7‐HOC), the second step of the bile acid synthesis pathway, which is vital for nutrient absorption and excretion of excess lipids. This oxidation reaction is one of many steps that increases the solubility of cholesterol for either storage or secretion. HSD3B7 shows substantial functional differences from other family members leaving significant gaps in our understanding of its mode of catalysis and substrate specificity. To this end, I have characterized HSD3B7 using Michaelis‐Menten kinetics, thermal shift assays, and begun x‐ray crystallographic studies. These studies reveal that HSD3B7 displays activity towards multiple bile acid precursors with differing hydrocarbon tail oxidation, with K m values in the low micromolar range. HSD3B7 retains its catalytic efficiency towards these substrates, suggesting that its substrate binding pocket can withstand changes in polarity upon alterations to this hydrocarbon tail. Lastly, HSD3B7 can be crystallized after modification to its membrane associated region, which will result in one of the first structures of a 3β‐HSD enzyme. Together these studies provide key insight into the mechanism of substrate specificity of HSD3B7 and appears amenable for X‐ray crystal structure determination.
Martians, Sleepers, Time Travellers and Hearts of Darkness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It was H. G. Wells's anonymous article on An Outcast of the Islands in the Saturday Review on 16 May 1896 that was the catalyst for his friendship with Conrad. Wells was already well known as a writer of scientific fantasies, due to the publication the previous year of The Time Machine, but, as Parrinder and Philmus point out, his literary ambitions went well beyond this. He was a perceptive and witty critic who dealt mercilessly with the 'sentimental fiction and romantic fantasy which made up the major proportion of the literary diet of the 1890s': 'No other reviewer of his time was so consistently successful in sifting the good from the bad and in recognising new talent' (Parrinder and Philmus 2). Conrad was one such talent, and Wells's review of his second novel caused Frank Harris's assistant on the Saturday Review, H. Blanchamp, to inform Wells that 'The Editor … asks me to tell you that he thinks it one of the best pieces of literary criticism in the English Language' (Parrinder and Philmus 48 [ellipses in original]). This was high praise indeed: the prodigally talented Wells was delighted, and remembered it to the end of his days.1
Effect of lead additions on friction and wear of iron-copper-tin-molybdenum disulphide

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The theory developed in Parts I and II is applied to transformations from face-centred cubic to body-centred tetragonal in the alloys Fe-C, Fe-Ni, Fe-Ni-C. The theoretical predictions of habit planes, orientation relationships and directions of the homogeneous strain are found to be in satisfactory agreement with all the available experimental data. Thus, the hypothesis that the inhomogeneous shear is a part of the twinning shear in the final structure has been substantiated for the transformations considered.The habit plane interface envisaged by Frank is shown to be a special case of the type of interface expected on the present theory: all planes in the zone of the invariant line, and in particular the twinning plane, meet edge to edge in the interface.La théorie développée dans les Parties I et II est appliquée aux transformations du système cubique à faces centrées en tetragonal centré, dans les alliages Fe-C, Fe-Ni, Fe-Ni-C. Il est constaté que les prédictions théoriques des plans limites, des relations d'orientation et des directions de déformation homogène sont en accord satisfaisant avec toutes les données expérimentales, disponibles. Ainsi, l'hypothèse que la tension non-homogène fait partie de la tension de maclage dans la structure finale, a été confirmée pour le cas des transformations considérées. Il est montré que l'interface constituée par un plan limite, envisagée par Frank, n'est qu'un cas particulier de l'interface proposée par la présente théorie, à savoir: tous les plans dans la zone de la ligne invariante, et en particulier le plan de maclage, se rencontrent suivant une arête commune dans l'interface.Die in Teil I und II entwickelte Theorie wird auf die Umwandlungen kubisch-flächenzentriert zu tetragonal-raumzentriert in Fe-C, Fe-Ni und Fe-Ni-C Legierungen angewandt. Die theoretischen Voraussagen über Habitusebenen, Beziehungen der kristallographischen Orientierungen und Richtungen homogener Verzerrungen stimmten zufriedenstellend mit allen vorhandenen experimentellen Angaben überein. Somit ist die Hypothese, dass die inhomogene Scherung einen Teil der Zwillingsscherung in der Endstruktur darstellt, für die hier betrachteten Transformationen bestärkt worden.Es wird gezeigt, dass die von Franck vorgeschlagene Habitusebenengrenzfläche ein Spezialfall des nach der vorstehenden Theorie zu erwartenden Grenzflächentyps ist. Alle Ebenen in der Zone der invarianten Richtung und im besonderen die Zwillingsebene schneiden sich in der Grenzfläche.
Chemical analysis of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentis)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Tiger nut, Cyperus esculentis L, is a tuber that grows and is consumed widely in West Africa. It is eaten unprepared, soaked in water, or dried and mixed with roasted peanuts. The purpose of this work was to determine the composition of tiger nut as part of its nutritional evaluation.
Data from Randomized Phase II Study of PARP Inhibitor ABT-888 (Veliparib) with Modified FOLFIRI versus FOLFIRI as Second-line Treatment of Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: SWOG S1513

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>PARP inhibitors synergize with topoisomerase inhibitors, and veliparib plus modified (m) FOLFIRI (no 5-FU bolus) had preliminary activity in metastatic pancreatic cancers. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of second-line treatment with veliparib and mFOLFIRI versus FOLFIRI (control) for metastatic pancreatic cancer.</p>Patients and Methods:<p>This randomized phase II clinical trial led by the SWOG Cancer Research Network enrolled patients between September 1, 2016 and December 13, 2017. The median follow-up was 9 months (IQR 1–27). <i>BRCA1/2</i> and homologous recombination DNA damage repair (HR-DDR) genetic defects were tested in blood and tumor biopsies. Patients received veliparib 200 mg twice daily, days 1–7 with mFOLFIRI days 3–5, or FOLFIRI in 14-day cycles.</p>Results:<p>After 123 of planned 143 patients were accrued, an interim futility analysis indicated that the veliparib arm was unlikely to be superior to control, and the study was halted. Median overall survival (OS) was 5.4 versus 6.5 months (HR, 1.23; <i>P</i> = 0.28), and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.1 versus 2.9 months (HR, 1.39; <i>P</i> = 0.09) with veliparib versus control. Grade 3/4 toxicities were more common with veliparib (69% vs. 58%, <i>P</i> = 0.23). For cancers with HR-DDR defects versus wild-type, median PFS and OS were 7.3 versus 2.5 months (<i>P</i> = 0.05) and 10.1 versus 5.9 months (<i>P</i> = 0.17), respectively, with FOLFIRI, and 2.0 versus 2.1 months (<i>P</i> = 0.62) and 7.4 versus 5.1 months (<i>P</i> = 0.10), respectively, with veliparib plus mFOLFIRI.</p>Conclusions:<p>Veliparib plus mFOLFIRI did not improve survival for metastatic pancreatic cancer. FOLFIRI should be further studied in pancreatic cancers with HR-DDR defects.</p></div>
The market as disciplinary order: A comparative analysis of Hayek and Bentham

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper compares Hayek's market order (supposedly maximising individual freedom) and the social order arising out of Bentham's panopticon (an institution of confinement, surveillance and extraction of labor). Although at first the two institutions appear to belong to two quite different categories, the author identifies at least eight similarities between the two orders and argues that both are disciplinary mechanisms faced by individuals whose “freedom” is confined to a range of choices set by an agency outside them (the “planner”). This opens the way to understand the contemporary market order as a modality of power that rests on the panoptical principle of “seeing without being seen”.
Low voltage, low current, high speed program step split gate cell with ballistic direct injection for EEPROM/flash

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

By disassociating from the conventional planar Nch FET structure, a new step split channel device with a new mechanism of ballistic channel hot electron (CHE) injection promises viability in future EEPROM/flash applications. The new non-planar device exhibits fast program of /spl sim/100 ns, at a maximum internal voltage of 5 V and at low currents of less than 10 /spl mu/A.
[Protein-synthesizing apparatus of the rat liver and placenta during damage of the biomembrane by tetrachloromethane and the administration of methylxanthines].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Treatment of rats with tetrachloromethane was accompanied by a decrease in total ribosomal material, an increase in free, unbound with membranes, polyribosomal fraction and marked decrease in 14C-leucine and 3H-orotate incorporation into proteins and RNA of liver and placenta cells. Administration of methylxanthines--euphylline and trental protected the protein-synthesizing apparatus of hepatocytes and placenta from the damaging effects of tetrachloromethane. The role of microsomal monooxygenase system in tetrachloromethane activation and in impairment of cAMP-dependent regulation of translation process under conditions of xenobiotic-induced cell injury are discussed.