jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Business process improvement using multiobjective optimization

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Business process redesign and improvement has become an increasingly attractive subject in the wider area of business process intelligence. Although there are many attempts to establish a business process redesign framework, there is little work on the actual optimisation of business processes with given objectives. Furthermore, most of the attempts to optimise a business process are manual without involving a formal automated methodology. This paper proposes a process improvement approach for automated multi-objective optimisation of business processes. The proposed framework uses a generic business process model that is formally defined. The formal definition of business process is necessary to ensure that the optimisation will take place in a clearly defined, repeatable and verifiable way. Multi-objectivity is expressed in terms of process cost and duration as two key objectives for any business process. The business process model is programmed and incorporated into a software optimisation platform where a selection of multi-objective optimisation algorithms can be applied to a business process design. This paper proposes a case study of business process design that is optimised by the state-of-the-art multi-objective optimisation algorithm NSGA2. The results indicate that, although business process optimisation is a highly constrained problem with fragmented search space, a number of alternative optimised business processes that meet the optimisation criteria can be produced. The paper also provides directions for future research in this area.- 2-1.
Worldviews and values of key societal actors influencing decision‐making around nature: The case of wild pollinator conservation in Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Biodiversity is vital for life on earth but faces many anthropogenic pressures. Mitigating these pressures and improving biodiversity status requires understanding the worldviews and values of actors involved in conservation or responsible for creating pressures on biodiversity. This paper contributes to the theoretical understanding of the interplay between worldviews and values and their potential influence on effective policy or practice actions. We investigated the worldviews and values of key European actors influencing a specific component of biodiversity conservation: wild pollinators and pollination. We collected qualitative and quantitative data through in‐depth interviews with 27 individuals from business, policymaking, NGOs and research. Bio‐ecocentric worldviews prevailed in our sample of interviews, with a consensus over the intrinsic value of all living beings, that human activities are negatively impacting nature, the existence of biophysical limits to economic growth and the need for environmental regulation. Furthermore, anthropocentric and relationship‐centred perspectives emerged on the use of pesticides, modes of economic growth (conventional vs. sustainable), the ability of human ingenuity and technological innovation to solve ecological problems and the fundamental resilience of nature to rapid change. Irrespective of overall worldviews on human–nature relationships, all stakeholder groups in our sample agreed on the irreplaceability of pollinators and their many benefits, their decline and that their conservation is a priority for which all sectors of society are responsible and should contribute. Interviewees agreed that in addition to the widely recognised ecological, nutritional, economic and cultural values that pollinators provide, there also exist relational values and moral responsibility to conserve pollinators. Non‐use values (e.g. ecological role) were highlighted by all stakeholder groups as being at least as important as use values (e.g. supporting human diets). Cultural use values (e.g. aesthetic) of pollinators were typically regarded as being less important relative to their non‐use relationship‐centred and moral values (e.g. responsibility to future generations). Policy implications. The diverse values of biodiversity create a complex conservation challenge amid competing societal priorities. The efficacy of public policy instruments critical to facilitate conservation actions can be improved by further integrating ecological, economic, social and moral‐ethical levers to achieve the long‐term sustainable management of biodiversity. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
More for the Girls? Postindependence Education Expenditure in Timor-Leste

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using the Timor-Leste Survey of Living Standards, we show that the household education spending on girls was higher than for boys in the period following independence. This pattern contrasts with that in the neighboring and politically interrelated country of Indonesia. We explore how religious differences and supply and demand features of private (relatively costly) Catholic schools across these countries relate to the dynamics of these policy-relevant educational gaps during the course of development in Timor-Leste.
Toward Preventing Speech and Language Disorders of Known Genetic Origin: First Post-Intervention Results of Babble Boot Camp in Children With Classic Galactosemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose Babble Boot Camp (BBC) is a package of proactive activities and routines designed to prevent speech and language disorders in infants at predictable risk. It is implemented via parent training and currently undergoing clinical trial in children with a newborn diagnosis of classic galactosemia (CG), a metabolic disease with high risk of speech and language disorders. The purpose of this study is to provide updates to a previous pilot study and to present the first set of post-intervention results. Method The intervention and data collection occurred during child ages < 6–24 months, with follow-up assessments of speech and language at ages 2.5 and 3.5 years. Treatment targets included earliest vocalization rates, babble complexity, speech production accuracy, and vocabulary and syntactic growth. The oldest 15 children with CG (including three untreated controls) completed the first set of follow-up assessments. Aggregate data up to 10 months were available for 17 treated children with CG, six untreated children with CG, and six typical controls. Results At ages 7–9 months, babbling complexity, as measured with mean babbling level, was higher in the treated children with CG than in the untreated children with CG and the typical controls. Prior to 24 months of age, the treated children with CG had greater expressive but not receptive vocabulary sizes than an untreated control. Follow-up testing showed typical language scores for all 12 treated children with CG and typical articulation scores for 11 of these, whereas one of three untreated children with CG had low articulation and expressive language scores. Conclusions The BBC appears to be a viable intervention to support the speech and expressive language development of children with GC. Future studies will evaluate the relative contributions of the earliest and later BBC components to outcomes.
Estimasi Stok Karbon Mangrove Di Muara Sungai Kumbe Distrik Malind Kabupaten Merauke

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Forests reduce and store CO2 through a process of "sequestration" that is the storage of carbon from the atmosphere and its storage in several copartments such as plants, litter, and soil organic matter. Mangrove forest is a unique and unique type of forest because it is able to adapt to environments with high salinity, soil conditions without oxygen and once in a while. ne example of mangrove forests in Indonesia is mangrove forest in the Kumbe river estuary, Merauke Regency, Papua Province. The Kumbe river estuary is one of the eastern Indonesian waters bordering the Indian Ocean. At the Kumbe river estuary there has been no research on carbon stocks in the mangrove community. So it is necessary to do research on carbon stocks in the region. In this study the measurement of carbon stocks used was done by measuring carbon above ground, and ground. Above ground carbon stock components include trees, understorey, and litter. The mechanism for measuring above ground carbon stock is done by estimating biomass, which is then converted to carbon concentration. The results of this study indicate that the carbon stocks in trees, Understorey and litter in sequence are 85.55 Mg / Ha, 392.93 Mg / Ha and 70.75 Mg / Ha; 0.78 Mg / Ha, 1.26 Mg / Ha and 1.24 Mg / Ha and 2.04 Mg / Ha, 1.28 Mg / Ha and 1.2 Mg / Ha. As for the proportion of carbon stock values ​​found in mangrove forests that trees contribute greatly to total carbon stock. Keyword : Mangrove, carbon stocks, Merauke, Kumbe
Apparent horizons in cosmologically-embedded black holes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present exact solutions for the cosmological embedding of a broad class of non-singular black holes and we focus on the behavior of their apparent horizons. The evolution of the latter is analyzed as a function of the cosmological redshift z . We show that its size exceeds that of the event horizon of an isolated black hole and increases monotonically with increasing z . Explicit formulas and numerical results are provided for the specific cases of the Hayward and Fan & Wang non-singular black-hole models. Furthermore, we explore the distinct dynamical roles of the event and apparent horizons, highlighting connection between the latter and the recently identified cosmological mass shift in non-singular black holes.
Age Determinations from Scales of Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson) and Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill) in Connecticut Waters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

During 1966 and 1967, scales from 1,125 anadromous alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, were collected from the Connecticut River and Bride Brook, Lyme, Connecticut. Scales from 722 blueback herring, Alosa aestivalis, were collected from the Connecticut and Thames rivers during the same period. Scales were read and interpreted for total age. Questionable annuli were interpreted by determining the average distance between annuli and the average and range of the number of transverse grooves per annulus. Most scales of both species were found to have zones reflecting habitation of freshwater (freshwater zones). Freshwater zones were broader on blueback scales, and occurred 44% more often than on alewife scales. The relationship between body and scale lengths was calculated for both species and was found to be linear and highly correlated. Alewives reached a maximum age of eight years, while bluebacks reached seven years. Age II and III alewives were never collected. The majority of alewives in the spawning runs in Bride Brook were of age groups V and VI. Forty-seven per cent of the blueback males spawned for the first time at age III and 50% at age IV, while about 75% of the females spawned first at age IV and 16% at age V. Sixty-eight per cent of alewife males spawned for the first time at age IV and 32% at age V, while only 32% of the females spawned first at age IV and 68% at age V. All bluebacks had spawned at least once by age V, and the maximum number of spawnings was considered to be four. All the alewives had spawned at least once and no more than three times by age VI. Females were larger than males in every age group for both species. Mean lengths of alewives, spawning for the first time in Connecticut waters, were compared with other areas. A mean length of 11.8 inches was noted for a Maine study, 10.6 inches for Connecticut waters, and 9.6 inches for a Virginia study.
DEFINITIONS OF TERMINOLOGIES USED IN MARKETING IN PRE 2000-01 ERA

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

There were differences in the marketing environment of the pre and post 2000-01 eras. This led to differences in the definitions of various terminologies used in Marketing. In order to give importance to the historical perspectives of this discipline, a database of definitions of terminologies used in the pre 2000-01 eras has been produced. This is expected to serve the interests of scientists, researchers, students, authors, thinkers, teachers, professors, influencers and practitioners of this field.
Distribution and variation of antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens in a teaching hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To explore the species of the pathogens isolated form clinical specimens in a teaching hospital and their drug resistance so as to guide the empirical treatment.METHODS The bacteria isolated from the clinical specimens from 2006 to 2010 were collected,the identification of the isolated strains was performed with the automatic microorganism analyzer VITEK-2 Compact,the drug susceptibility testing was conducted by K-B method,statistical analysis of the data was performed by WHONET5.5 software.RESULTS A total of 15 334 strains of pathogens were isolated during the past 5 years,including 10 641(69.4%) strains of gram-negative bacteria and 4693(30.6%) strains of gram-positive bacteria;Escherichia coli(21.3%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(11.7%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci(12.7%) ranked the top 3 species;of 1137 strains of pathogens isolated from the blood culture,E.coli,S.epidermis and K.pneumoniae were the top 3 pathogens;E.coli,Enterococcus faecalis,and E.feces were the top 3 pathogens cultured from urine,there were totally 113 strains of pathogens cultured from venous catheter;the detection rates of MRSA isolated during the 5 years varied from 30.9% to 61.7%,the difference was statistically significant(P0.01),no vancomycin-resistant or teicoplanin-resistant strains were found;totally 20 strains of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci were isolated during the 5 years,with an increasing tendency;the drug resistance rates of Enterobacteriaceae to the third and fourth generation of cephalosporins reached up to 78.0% and increased year by year,Enterobacteriaceae remained highly susceptible to imipenem,piperacillin/tazolbactam and cefoperzone/sulbactam,the drug resistance rates increased year by year;the drug resistance rates of Pseudomnas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to imipenem varied from 19.8% to 51.4%,the drug resistance rates of A.baumannii to imipenem and cefoperazone/sulbactam
IV.—Account of the Muster of the Citizens of London in the 31st year of the reign of Henry VIII. Communicated from the Records of the Corporation of London, by Thomas Lott, Esq. F.S.A., in a Letter to Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., F.R.S., Secretary

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

On making some researches amongst the Records of the Corporation, assisted by our able and intelligent officer Mr. Firth, my attention was led by him to a History of the Muster of the Citizens in the reign of King Henry VIII., contained in the Journal, No. 14, folio 166. An old and valuable Fellow of our Society having at a recent meeting invited the junior branches to transmit communications, I have thought that the account of this Muster might form an interesting Paper, and I have therefore copied it, and forward it to you herewith.
Elusive Coordination of the Ag+ Ion in Aqueous Solution: Evidence for a Linear Structure

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been employed to study the coordination of the Ag+ ion in aqueous solution. The conjunction of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) data analysis provided results suggesting the preference for a first shell linear coordination with a mean Ag-O bond distance of 2.34(2) Å, different from the first generally accepted tetrahedral model with a longer mean Ag-O bond distance. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations with the Car-Parrinello approach (CPMD) were also performed and were able to describe the coordination of the hydrated Ag+ ion in aqueous solution in very good agreement with the experimental data. The high sensitivity for the closest environment of the photoabsorber of the EXAFS and XANES techniques, together with the long-range information provided by CPMD and large-angle X-ray scattering (LAXS), allowed us to reconstruct the three-dimensional model of the coordination geometry around the Ag+ ion in aqueous solution. The obtained results from experiments and theoretical simulations provided a complex picture with a certain amount of water molecules with high configurational disorder at distances comprised between the first and second hydration spheres. This evidence may have caused the proliferation of the coordination numbers that have been proposed so far for Ag+ in water. Altogether these data show how the description of the hydration of the Ag+ ion in aqueous solution can be complex, differently from other metal species where hydration structures can be described by clusters with well-defined geometries. This diffuse hydration shell causes the Ag-O bond distance in the linear [Ag(H2O)2]+ ion to be ca. 0.2 Å longer than in isolated ions in solid state.
Quasi-periodic buckling of an elastic structure under the influence of changing boundary conditions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Work on mode locking and mode jumping in the stable post–buckling of an elastic structure is extended to encompass the full range of flexural boundary conditions from simply supported to clamped. The two imaginary eigenvalues of the linearized equation suggest the possibility of doubly periodic responses. The parameter space of Arnold tongues is used to describe the extent to which the system locks onto a single wave, the mode to which it subsequently jumps, and the associated role played by the ratio of the two competing wavelengths. At compound bifurcation points, simply supported and clamped conditions both give interactions for which this ratio is rational, but in between it is irrational and the associated response is quasi–periodic.
Comparative Morphological and Functional Characteristics of the Muscle Tissue of Gobies of Cattle of Three Breeds (Hereford, Kazakh White-Headed and Kalmyk)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Using a complex of morphological methods, the muscle tissue of 18-month-old gobies of three cattle breeds (Hereford, Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk) was studied. The results of the study showed that in the biceps femoris muscle and the longest muscle of the back of bulls of Hereford breed, the average diameter of muscle fibers was higher than in animals of the Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk breeds. The thickness of the endomysium in the muscles of the animals studied was in the range of 6–13 μm and had no pronounced breed differences. Among the cellular elements of endomysium, endotheliocytes prevailed. Their share was about 80%. Type 1 collagen was higher in Hereford animals. In the muscles of animals of the Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk breeds, the content of adipose tissue was higher than in animals of the Hereford breed. The results obtained reflect typical patterns of the structural and functional characteristics of cattle muscle tissue, and also show the range of in-breed variability of the muscle tissue of these animals.
Elastic and inelastic analysis of pretensioned cable-roof structures.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1971 .K82. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 62-13, Section: A. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1972.
Evolutionary Processes and Organizational Adaptation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Strategists are encouraged to identify sustained competitive advantages. This volume takes a different tact and provides a perspective on how organizations adapt over time to changing circumstances. This process is characterized as not driven by the inspired wisdom of a grand strategist, but by an ecology of initiatives within the organization. A central role of the organization is to mediate between the market forces in which it operates and the culling and amplification of these initiatives within the organization. In this spirit, a useful touchstone is that of Mendel, who sits intermediate between the blind watchmaker of a purely Darwinian process and a “chess master” strategist as suggested by stylized rational choice approaches. The “Mendelian executive” operates with intentionality, but this intentionality is with respect to the design of the experimental process rather than the identification of specific pathways forward. The two core conceptual pillars of the work are that of path-dependence, what are the adjacent “spaces” to which an organization might move, and “artificial selection,” how the organization mediates aggregate immediate outcomes and the allocation of resources and rewards to the various initiatives and actors within the organization. Entities that have a sustained lifespan are not static, but engage in processes of renewal, whether cells in the human body or lines of business within a firm. A conceptual framework is provided to illuminate some of the fundamental mechanisms underlying this process.
Patent Property Appraisal Discussion in the Transaction Process of Intellectual Property Rights

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The traditional patent property appraisal method based on the cost method and income current method that is entering the information age today; it has neglected the elasticity of reconciling the item according to the environmental variation. On base of this characteristic, this article takes the traditional method as the foundation, introduces the sector price and corrective fixed price concept, establishes a brand-new fixed price model, carries on the quantitative assessment of the patent property in the trade process, and unifies various kinds of questions which the patent property appraisal involves, giving constructive suggestions to the key content of the corresponding appraisal system's, promoting the patent appraisal's development.
Big Data Investment, Skills, and Firm Value

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes how labor market factors have shaped early returns on big data investment using a new data source—the LinkedIn skills database. The data source enables firm-level measurement of the employment of workers with technical skills such as Hadoop, MapReduce, and Apache Pig. From 2006 to 2011, Hadoop investments were associated with 3% faster productivity growth, but only for firms (a) with significant data assets and (b) in labor markets where similar investments by other firms helped to facilitate the development of a cadre of workers with complementary technical skills. The benefits of labor market concentration decline for investments in mature data technologies, such as Structured Query Language-based databases, for which the complementary skills can be acquired by workers through universities or other channels. These findings underscore the importance of geography, corporate investment, and skill acquisition channels for explaining productivity growth differences during the spread of new information technology innovations. This paper was accepted by Alok Gupta, special issue on business analytics.