jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sulfuric acid effects on iron and phosphorus availability in two calcareous soils

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An attempt was made to study the effects of sulfuric acid additions to iron (Fe)‐ and phosphorus (P)‐deficient calcareous soils. Several greenhouse experiments were conducted with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) grown in two calcareous soils. Addition of sulfuric acid to soils increased soil acidity, salinity, DTPA‐extractable Fe, available P (NaHCO3‐extractable), and crop yield. The change in soil pH is the primary cause of increased nutrient availability and thus crop yield. Leaching after acid application is highly beneficial in decreasing salinity during germination and seedling stages and therefore has a direct impact on the yield. The beneficial effects of acid carried over for at least two greenhouse cropping seasons (approximately 4.5 months).
A Collaborative Expert Literature Review of Pain Education, Assessment and Management

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Pain assessment and management in older adults requires a special emphasis on the needs of this population, which is often not considered within general education. The purpose of this study was twofold: to determine the availability of education on pain in older adults around the world, and to present a review and synthesis of published guidelines and key papers on pain assessment and management in older adults. Following on from this study we intend to make recommendations on what work needs to be carried out in future to inform the development of a curriculum or curriculum content specifically dedicated to pain management for older adults. A discussion forum was set up through the Pain in Older Adults Special Interest Group of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) at the end of 2009. This forum was initiated to determine the current level and availability of education available around the world for health professionals on pain in older adults. A number of IASP members from countries around the world participated in the discussion and identified educational courses on pain in older adults from their member country. Following on from this discussion, a number of leading experts agreed to collate guidelines and key papers and conduct a critical review using Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) criteria. A total of 14 guideline documents on pain assessment and management were reviewed by the group. The papers were reviewed and graded and then agreed between reviewers. From the guideline review, some recommendations can be made, but primarily, the key recommendation from this work was to develop collaboration and a review of key evidence on which future research may be developed so an educational focus may be highlighted. This article presents a summary of those documents along with recommendations for improved and consistent education informed by the guidelines currently developed, and consistent evidence-based assessment and management of chronic pain in older adults.
The New York TimesandWashington Post

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines The New York Times' and Washington Post's coverage of US drone strikes in Yemen and Pakistan to determine whether they have accurately reported on the number of civilians killed in drone strikes and the overall civilian impact, as well as whether they have placed drone strikes within their proper legal context. The author concludes that both newspapers have failed to report the number of civilian casualties accurately and have underemphasized the civilian impact of drone strikes, while also excluding international legal issues from their coverage.
Digest: Experimental evidence of gene flow impacts on host adaptation to a parasite

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Does gene flow disrupt or facilitate the evolution of parasite resistance in host populations? Lewis et al. use a host–parasite system consisting of Caenorhabditis elegans (host) and Serratia marcescens (parasite) to test the effect of gene flow on adaptation. They find that gene flow from parasite-resistant host populations with divergent genetic backgrounds promotes adaptation to parasites (increased resistance). Findings from this study can be used to address more complex cases of gene flow and can be applied in conservation efforts.
A study into prevention of antibiotics resistance through enhanced building infrastructure design and management strategies

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This study is part of a larger research project, which looks at how modern hospitals are built in Norway, and what can be done to make hospitals more user friendly and purpose built. It looks at how medical facilities can be made to encourage a quicker improvement in the patient’s recovery, and what effect the way modern hospitals are being built and operated, has on the patients, the employees and to the visitors to the health facilities. A key focus of the research is to look at nosocomial infections (hospital-acquired infections) from medical care and to study the prevalence of antibiotic resistance at these facilities. The project aims to find conclusions and areas of improvement along larger parts of the hospital and patient chain. The greater research project aims to look at this scientific field through studies in 3 countries, in Northern Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Europe, to get an idea of the inter-European challenges in a very complicated scientific field, with different financial resources, cultures, focuses, and approaches to the frequency of use of antibiotics.
Assessment of the Effect of Timing of Insulin Glargine Administration(Bedtime versus Morning) on Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1Diabetes in Cairo, Egypt: A Single Centre Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Diabetes control without developing hypoglycemia is challenging in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) management, with few studies evaluating the effect of insulin glargine timing on glucoregulation. Objectives: The aim is to compare glycemic control using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in children with T1D receiving bedtime versus morning glargine and to assess CGM effect on glycemia. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 30 pediatric patients with T1D receiving glargine (19 at bedtime and 11 in the morning). CGM sensor was applied for 3-5 days using the I-Pro2 blood glucose sensor. Results: Total daily dose of glargine showed a significant correlation with HbA1C (p=0.006) and percentage of glucose readings within average (p=0.039). HbA1C correlated significantly with time in range (TIR) (p=0.049). Nocturnal hypoglycemia was significantly higher in the bedtime glargine group than in the morning one (p=0.016). The morning glargine group showed better control in terms of lower HbA1C and higher TIR, but these did not reach statistical significance. Follow- up after 3 months revealed significant improvement in the percentage of hyperglycemia, BG readings within average, as well as HbA1c (p:0.001). Conclusions: Bedtime glargine administration was associated with a higher frequency of occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemia. No statistically significant difference in glycemic control between both groups was found. CGM use improved glycemic control.
Narratives of change: creating a community of inquiry using drama

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents the Sustainable Glasgow 20141 Project ‘Narratives of Social Change: Supporting Sustainable Action through Creative Multiliteracies’, which brought together a team of teachers, educators and researchers working in the city of Glasgow to work collaboratively as a professional community of inquiry (PCI) to examine themes connected to migration and diversity. The paper focuses on the use of text-based drama engagement as a means of uncovering and establishing the key themes of inquiry to be explored collectively by communities of learners. The project was based on the potential of children’s literature to generate themes for critical exploration connected to global migration. By building such collabora-tive communities of inquiry between schools and universities, we suggest it may be possible to create more sustainable ways forward in terms of meeting the needs of Scotland’s diverse learners and teachers, and in producing new narratives that reflect the growing diversity of our classrooms. Used in this way, dramatic engagement could offer practitoners a crucial point of access into meaningful forms of social action.
Influence of Digital Leadership Models on the Performance of Educators and Educational Personnel in the COVID-19 Pandemic in the First Middle School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research is entitled "Influence of Digital Model on The Performance of Educators and Education Personnel in Padalarang District of West Bandung Regency".In the current Covid-19 Pandemic, education must be conducted using digitalization using Online between Educators and Students and Education Personnel with school committees.Research aims to address the Leadership Model influenced by the rapid development of Technology by changing the Traditional Leadership Model to Digital Leadership.A leader especially stakeholders in education needs to know the advantages and disadvantages of the digital sphere itself and be able to have the ability to inspire its subordinates to innovate and defend ideas.The sharpness in implementing digital leadership benchmarks demonstrates a fast, cross-hierarchical, cooperative, and team-oriented approach that often integrates innovation.This research is aimed at looking at the role of Digital Leadership in Formal Education, especially in Public Schools.This research will be conducted in West Bandung Regency in The First Middle School.This research uses descriptive methods using quantitative approaches.The population that is used as a source of data and research is all educators and education workers of junior high schools in Padalarang district of West Bandung Regency.The respondents and the population were taken by the entire population in all schools in West Bandung Regency.The data obtain through distributing Questionnaires and then the data analyse through descriptive Statistic, from the results that have been done, there are still many educators and education Staff and school committees who do not understand and apply digital leadership in school, so there are still those who don't know digital leadership, especially in schools that currently use E-Learning.
Soluble Ca2+-Activated ATPase and Its Possible Role in Calcification of the CoccolithophoridCricosphaera roscoffensisvar.haptonemofera(Haptophyta) (Studies on the Calcium Carbonate Deposition of Algae V)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Article Soluble Ca2+-Activated ATPase and Its Possible Role in Calcification of the Coccolithophorid Cricosphaera roscoffensis var. haptonemofera (Haptophyta) (Studies on the Calcium Carbonate Deposition of Algae V) was published on January 1, 1984 in the journal Botanica Marina (volume 27, issue 8).
Skeletal anchorage in orthodontic treatment of Class II malocclusion: Contemporary applications of orthodontic implants, miniscrew implants and mini plates

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Section I Introduction to orthodontic treatment of Class II malocclusion Section II Introduction to skeletal anchorage in orthodontics Section III Clinical considerations for the use of skeletal anchorage devices in orthodontics Section IV Surgical considerations in the use of skeletal anchorage devices in orthodontics Section V Orthodontic implants for the treatment of Class II malocclusion Section VI Miniplates for the treatment of Class II malocclusion Section VII Miniscrew implants for the treatment of Class II malocclusion Section VIII Treatment of Class II malocclusion with temporary anchorage devices Section IX Efficiency of skeletal anchorage and risk management
Risk factors for postoperative dialysis in operated congenital heart patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Postoperative acute kidney injury is a common phenomenon in patients with congenital heart. Peritoneal dialysis is almost always the first choice in operated congenital heart patients when renal replacement therapy is required. Several factors have been identified that may cause renal damage in this patient group. In this study, we investigated the risk factors for postoperative dialysis in congenital heart patients younger than six months who underwent open-heart surgery.METHODS: We studied infants younger than six months who had undergone open-heart surgery in our pediatric cardiovascular surgery clinic within the past year and included patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass. The primary outcome of our study was to evaluate the factors influencing the need for postoperative dialysis.RESULTS: We identified 57 patients who met the criteria. Surgery weight and surgery age were significantly lower in the peritoneal dialysis group. Preoperative human albumin level was significantly lower (P=0.002), and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was significantly higher in the peritoneal dialysis group. As expected, mortality was significantly higher in peritoneal dialysis group.CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we evaluated the predictive factors in infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Lower surgery weight and age and longer cardiopulmonary bypass time were associated with the need for postoperative dialysis. We also demonstrated for the first time a relationship between low preoperative albumin and the need for postoperative dialysis. Our current findings suggest that a more rigorous approach to nutrition and salt-water balance may have beneficial clinical effects in this patient population.
Atmospheric Environment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aims: To develop a job-exposure matrix (JEM) from personal and static respirable crystalline silica (RCS) measurements in UK industrial silica sand workers. Methods: A total of 2429 personal and 583 static RCS dust samples were collected using cyclone samplers at seven UK quarries between 1978 and 2000. These data were combined, and analysis of variance using general linear models was used to evaluate the effect of quarry, job, and year on RCS concentrations, and facilitate the creation of five quarry and three time categories with similar exposure levels by comparing the least-square GM RCS concentrations. Results: The overall geometric mean (GM) RCS concentration was 0.09 mg/m3 (geometric standard deviation 3.9). Silica flour and dry job categories tended to have the highest RCS exposure and 13.3 % of all samples exceeded the UK maximum exposure level of 0.3 mg/m3. RCS levels generally decreased over time. Conclusions: Data have been collected and used to develop a JEM for UK industrial silica sand workers between 1978 and 2000. Although there were some limitations in the data and certain assumptions were made, the use of available data to estimate exposure quantitatively is an improvement over the use of qualitative and surrogate measures of exposure. The continual collection of dust measurements in the
Synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one (furaneol) from (2R,3R)-tartaric acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

(2R,3R)-Tartaric acid (6) has been converted through a five-step sequence into the important volatile flavour and aroma component 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one (furaneol)(1) in 18.5% overall yield. The key step involves the formation of (4R,5R)-4,5-diacetyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (10) by reaction of methylmagnesium chloride with the corresponding 4,5-bis(dimethylamide). The same dioxolane (10) was also prepared via a related reaction sequence involving a Grignard type reaction on the corresponding dinitrile.
Orthology assessment of closely linked MC2-MC5Rs with help of different genome browsers.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p><b>A.</b> Orthologs of MC2-MC5Rs from fish to human are conserved flanking by a marker gene RNMT on one side and a dyad of ZNF519-NF1L5 on the other side. In a group of four ray-finned fishes, introns are inserted (marked by +), where as in tetrapods and in <i>D. rerio</i> (MC5bR), there are no intron insertions. <b>B.</b> A paralog of MC5R is found in independent locus in <i>D. rerio</i> named as MC5a receptor (yellow color) with different sets of marker genes (marked in grey).</p>
SH3586884.08FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Measurements of soot formation and hydroxyl concentration in near critical equivalence ratio premixed ethylene flame

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The testing and development of existing global and detailed chemical kinetic models for soot formation requires measurements of soot and radical concentrations in flames. A clearer understanding of soot particle inception relies upon the evaluation and refinement of these models in comparison with such measurements. We present measurements of soot formation and hydroxyl (OH) concentration in sequences of flat premixed atmospheric-pressure C2H4/O2/N2 flames and 80-torr C2H4/O2 flames for a unique range of equivalence ratios bracketting the critical equivalence ratio (phi(sub c)) and extending to more heavily sooting conditions. Soot volume fraction and number density profiles are measured using a laser scattering-extinction apparatus capable of resolving a 0.1 percent absorption. Hydroxyl number density profiles are measured using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) with broadband detection. Temperature profiles are obtained from Rayleigh scattering measurements. The relative volume fraction and number density profiles of the richer sooting flames exhibit the expected trends in soot formation. In near-phi(sub c) visibility sooting flames, particle scattering and extinction are not detected, but an LIF signal due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) can be detected upon excitation with an argon-ion laser. A linear correlation between the argon-ion LIF and the soot volume fraction implies a common mechanistic source for the growth of PAH's and soot particles. The peak OH number density in both the atmospheric and 80-torr flames declines with increasing equivalence ratio, but the profile shape remains unchanged in the transition to sooting, implying that the primary reaction pathways for OH remain unchanged over this transition. Chemical kinetic modeling is demonstrated by comparing predictions using two current reaction mechanisms with the atmospheric flame data. The measured and predicted OH number density profiles show good agreement. The predicted benzene number density profiles correlate with the measured trends in soot formation, although anomalies in the benzene profiles for the richer and cooler sooting flames suggest a need for the inclusion of benzene oxidation reactions.
Late Cenozoic Sedimentary Facies and Processes in the Iberian Abyssal Plain, Site 637, ODP Leg 103

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The late Cenozoic deposits recovered at ODP Site 637 from the Iberian Abyssal Plain near the continental margin off northwestern Spain include three main facies groups.Turbidites are the dominant facies association (two-thirds of the total thickness), followed by pelagites (one-fourth), and subordinate amounts of contourites (one-tenth).Slump de posits occur locally in the upper Miocene and middle Pliocene.Turbidity currents and pelagic settling were the signifi cant sediment depositional processes from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene, whereas bottom currents predominated dur ing the late Miocene.Fine-grained, base-cut-out turbidites, normally starting with the T d division, are the most abundant sequence type.The pelagites include both carbonate-rich pelagic and hemipelagic facies.The two types of contourites, sandy and cal careous-rich or fine-grained terrigenous, record two types of bottom-current processes.The Cenozoic deposits at Site 637 show a general upward transition from contourites in the upper Miocene to turbi dites in the Pliocene-Quaternary.The entire section is rhythmically bedded and has a poorly developed cyclic pattern defined by variations in the total carbonate content.The low sedimentation rates also show the same cyclicity, with lower values for the late Miocene and late Pliocene.This evolution reflects the predominant depositional processes and the dissolution of carbonates by a lower CCD during the late Miocene.
Evaluation of the Impact of Out-of-Axial FOV Scattering Medium on Random Coincidence Rates on Discovery 690 PET/CT Scanner: A Simulation Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is a nuclear medicine imaging technique based on the recording of two photons as coincidence created by positron annihilation. Materials and Methods: PET coincidence events include true and unwanted coincidences (random, scattered, multiple coincidences). We modeled the Discovery 690 (D-690) PET scanner using the GATE simulation tool and estimated the effect of the diameter of the scattering medium out of the Axial Field Of View (AFOV) on the random coincidence rates. Results: The validation results indicated that the average difference between simulated and measured data for sensitivity and scatter fraction tests are 5% and 3%, respectively. Moreover, the results revealed that the increasing diameter of the scattering medium out of the AFOV has a direct effect on the random coincidence rates within the Field Of View (FOV). Conclusion: The study concluded that the presence of a scattering medium near the FOV increases the rate of random coincidences.
Nonlinear State Space Modeling and System Identification for Electrohydraulic Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper deals with nonlinear modeling and identification of an electrohydraulic control system for improving its tracking performance. We build the nonlinear state space model for analyzing the highly nonlinear system and then develop a Hammerstein-Wiener (H-W) model which consists of a static input nonlinear block with two-segment polynomial nonlinearities, a linear time-invariant dynamic block, and a static output nonlinear block with single polynomial nonlinearity to describe it. We simplify the H-W model into a linear-in-parameters structure by using the key term separation principle and then use a modified recursive least square method with iterative estimation of internal variables to identify all the unknown parameters simultaneously. It is found that the proposed H-W model approximates the actual system better than the independent Hammerstein, Wiener, and ARX models. The prediction error of the H-W model is about 13%, 54%, and 58% less than the Hammerstein, Wiener, and ARX models, respectively.