jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessment of normal tissue objectives in RapidArc treatment for cervical cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: The normal tissue objective (NTO) is a tool used in inverse-planned intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to minimize dose dispersion to surrounding tissues. The current study focuses on the NTO’s impact on RapidArc treatment plans for cervical cancer patients or its role in reducing doses to healthy surrounding tissues. Material and methods: This study included 11 cervical cancer patients who underwent RapidArc treatment. We assessed plans both with and without the NTO objective by evaluating parameters such as homogeneity, conformity, gradient index (GI), IMRT factor, integral dose and the volume of normal tissues receiving low doses of 40, 30, 20 and 10 Gy. Further, differences between automatic NTO and manual NTO were evaluated using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: There were no significant differences in the conformity index, homogeneity index, IMRT factor and integral dose between plans with automatic NTO and those with manual NTO RapidArc plans. However, we did observe a clear advantage in using manual NTO for controlling low-dose exposure to normal tissues. The comparisons between automatic and manual NTO resulted in a GI of 3·1 ± 0·3 versus 2·7 ± 0·68 ( p = 0·008). Furthermore, we noticed a significant reduction in the volumes receiving low doses (V 10 , V 20 , V 30 and V 40 ) with the manual NTO settings. Conclusion: The NTO plays a crucial role in optimizing RapidArc plans for treating cervical cancer. Based on the findings of this study, manual NTO settings of distance from PTV border x start = 0·5 mm, start dose f 0 = 105%, end dose f ∞ = an average of 40%, dose fall-off 0·2 mm –1 were optimal. Further research involving a larger sample size and exploration of various NTO parameters is necessary to validate our results.
LOW WATER TEMPERATURE AND ITS EFFECTS ON STRESS RESPONSE OF GREY MULLETS Mugil cephalus ACCLIMATED IN FRESHWATER

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) can adapt to saline and freshwater. Although belonged to euryhaline species, but information regarding their stress response on low temperature. Environmental disturbance such as low water temperature may effect their physiological condition. These information can be useful for aquaculture development of this species in freshwater. Therefore, the purpose of study was to investigate the effects of low water temperature on the stress response of grey mullets Mugil cephalus acclimated in freshwater. The blood samples of experimental fish (TL: 28.2±1.1 cm, BW: 198.6±25.9 g) were collected during winter season when the water temperature of controlled rearing system was stable at 25°C and uncontrolled rearing system slowly dropped until 12°C. Their stress response on both rearing systems was observed. The results showed that low temperature affected to lower the behavior activity and increase the stress response of grey mullets. The breath frequency of grey mullet regarding their opercular movement at 12°C was 74-97 breath/min., while at 25°C it was 95-114 breath/min. Hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) were shown higher values of 43.5% and 9.5 g/dL, respectively at 25°C than 12°C (28.0% and 7.1 g/dL, respectively). The tendencies of cortisol and glucose level increased with the lowering temperature, showing higher value of 264.8 ng/mL and 35.5 mg/dL in 12°C than 5.5 ng/mL and 32.7 mg/dL in 25°C. The chemical properties of blood in grey mullets showed same tendency comparing between 12°C and 25°C, there was no significant different between each temperature, except for chloride (P<0.05). Chloride value was higher at 25°C, while other blood components such as osmolality, sodium, potassium, and magnesium were showing no significant differences. However, the results showed lower values at 12°C in every blood components, except for chloride. In conclusion, lowering water temperature to 12°C had impact as stressor to the behavior and stress response of grey mullets acclimated in freshwater.
Effect of noise envelope coherence, modulation rate, and duration on the detection of a sinusoid in narrow-band noise

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Signal-to-noise ratios (Es/N0) necessary to detect a 1-kHz tone presented in 100-Hz quasirandom noise were measured in trained young, normal-hearing subjects. The noise was generated by digital addition of random-phase sinusoids separated by 1 Hz. In one set of conditions, 20-Hz-wide spectral slices of the 100-Hz noise band were provided with envelopes either identical to or uncorrelated with the envelope of the 20-Hz wideband centered at 1 kHz, thus generating degrees of envelope coherence (r) between 0 and 1. The duration of the sinusoidal signal was 400 ms. In another set of conditions, the noise was divided into two to five equal-width slices, each having an identical envelope; signal duration was constant at 400 ms. In the final set of conditions, the duration of the signal varied between 25 and 400 ms, with the envelope being either random or maximally coherent in the five 20-Hz spectral slices. By regarding a fixed Es/N0 as an indicator of a fixed degree of envelope correlation detection [V. M. Richards, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 1621–1630 (1987)], a comparison of the results in the three sets of conditions allows one to specify some of the temporal constraints that limit the envelope following process. [Work supported by the National Institute on Aging and the Department of Veterans Affairs.]
Civic Capital and Development: Italy, 1951-2001

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We empirically investigate the role of civic capital (proxied by voter turnout) on Italy's economic development during the second half of the 20th century. By using a unique dataset at the city level, we show that over half a century voter turnout has been steadily correlated with economic development and that this reflects some causality going from the former to the latter. We also find that the impact of civic capital was higher in the period after the WWII, and decreased gradually in the following decades.
PCR Detection and Identification of Leishmania Parasites in Clinical Specimens in Ecuador: A Comparison with Classical Diagnostic Methods

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A simplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was used for detection and typing of Leishmania parasites in clinical specimens from patients suspected of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Using cultures as the reference standard, our PCR detection method was more sensitive (92%) than classical diagnostic techniques, including microscopy (42% sensitivity), histologic staining (33%), and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent (20%). The PCR assay was also 100% specific. Parasites in both lesion biopsies and isolates cultured from lesion aspirates were identified as Leishmania braziliensis by PCR. In this study, we have demonstrated the suitability of simplified PCR assays for the simultaneous diagnosis and typing of parasites causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in a developing country where leishmaniasis is endemic.
Evaluation of the Maryland Health Home Program for Medicaid Enrollees with Severe Mental Illnesses or Opioid Substance Use Disorder and Risk of Additional Chronic Conditions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Hilltop staff presented at the 2018 AcademyHealth Annual Research Meeting (ARM) in Seattle in June. Senior Policy Analyst Shamis Mohamoud, MA, gave this podium presentation, which provided an overview of Hilltop’s evaluation of the Maryland Health Home Program
Classification of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) infected watermelon seeds using Raman spectroscopy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus (CGMMV) is a globally distributed plant virus. CGMMV-infected plants exhibit severe mosaic symptoms, discoloration, and deformation. Therefore, rapid and early detection of CGMMV infected seeds is very important for preventing disease damage and yield losses. Raman spectroscopy was investigated in this study as a potential tool for rapid, accurate, and nondestructive detection of infected seeds. Raman spectra of healthy and infected seeds were acquired in the 400 cm-1 to 1800 cm-1 wavenumber range and an algorithm based on partial least-squares discriminant analysis was developed to classify infected and healthy seeds. The classification model's accuracies for calibration and prediction data sets were 100% and 86%, respectively. Results showed that the Raman spectroscopic technique has good potential for nondestructive detection of virus-infected seeds.
THE RESPONSE OF T CELLS TO HISTOCOMPATIBILITY-2 ANTIGENS

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The DNA synthetic response of a wide variety of parental thymocyte doses was studied in the lymphoid tissues of lethally irradiated F1 mice. The response curves of the thymocytes were strikingly similar in shape to those of T cells responding to antigens, such as sheep red cells, which are more labile than the histocompatibility antigens of the F1 host. The response was characterized by a dose-dependent latent period of 1–3 days, followed by a sharp increase in activity and a significant subsequent shutoff. Larger thymocyte doses tended to shorten the latent period. A comparison of the responses of different cell doses to one another indicated that the response usually simulated a suppressed first-order reaction. However, occasional multiple order reactions were observed. We have interpreted these data to indicate that both positive and negative interactions occur between thymocytes, without the mediation of B cell products such as conventional antibodies.
Eastern Trough Project Heron Cluster Operations and Producing from Complex HP/HT Subsea Fields

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper examines some novel aspects of operating an integrated multiple ownership development operated by BP Amoco consisting primarily of subsea tiebacks to a central processing facility. The complexity factor is high, as some of the reservoirs are high pressure/high temperature (HPHT). Reservoir conditions for the Shell/Esso fields within this operating regime are particularly severe and a significant amount of Production Chemistry research was carried out up front to meet this challenge. This earlier research work has now been built on with the benefit of experience and utilizing a methodology known as Focused Results Delivery (FRD) to create a paradigm shift in projected operating expenditure costs. The producing potential of the wells has also been significantly increased by the use of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to model critical component stresses.
Dimensional analysis of a categorical diagnostic interview: the DICA-IV.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to obtain dimensions from a categorical diagnostic interview. 512 children aged 8 to 17 attending public centers for children's mental health and presenting some form of psychological disorder were interviewed with the "Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents" (DICA-IV). Analysis of the principal components indicate that a two-dimensional model (externalizing-internalizing) satisfactorily explain the data collected from the children and their parents. The data from the adolescents are better represented by a three-dimensional model (attention problems-internalizing-antisocial behavior). The factor scales show good internal consistency and significantly relate to other criteria of psychopathology and incapacity (concurrent validity). These results show that it is possible to use DICA-IV to obtain categorical and dimensional indicators simultaneously. The latter are particularly sensitive for measuring changes over the course of disorders.
A gender-aware framework for women's entrepreneurship

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to offer a new gender-aware framework to provide a springboard for furthering a holistic understanding of women’s entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach - The paper builds on an existing framework articulating the “3Ms” (markets, money and management) required for entrepreneurs to launch and grow ventures. Drawing on institutional theory, it is argued that this “3M” framework needs further development and “motherhood” and “meso/macro environment” are added to extend and mediate the “3Ms” and construct a “5M” framework to enable the study of women’s entrepreneurship in its own right. Findings - It was found that “Motherhood” is a metaphor representing the household and family context of female entrepreneurs, which might have a larger impact on women than men. The meso/macro environment captures considerations beyond the market, such as expectations of society and cultural norms (macro), and intermediate structures and institutions (meso). Practical implications - For the women entrepreneur, this analysis has implications for understanding the sources of the challenges they face by providing insights on the importance of the interplay of both individual and societal factors that impact on their enterprise. For policy makers, it turns the spotlight on the need for an integrated approach for fostering female entrepreneurs that is not blind to overarching institutionalised social structures and gender asymmetries. Originality/value - The framework helps lay a foundation for coherent research on women’s entrepreneurship. It is unique in making explicit the social embeddedness of women entrepreneurs and considers the multiple levels of influence on their entrepreneurial actions.
Effects of Addition of Humic and Fulvic Acids on Soil Properties and Germination Percentage of Cucurbit Plants (Zucchini and Cucumber)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research was conducted to study the effect of adding humic and fulvic acids to the irrigation water on soil properties and germination percentage of two cucurbit plants: zucchini and cucumber. The study was conducted in an open field in Sokhna District in the governorate of Zarqa (Jordan). The field soil was transported to calcareous sandy soil. In the beginning, the weeds and stones were removed, and the land was smoothed and plowed. Effort was made to control weeds and insects at all stages of plant growth. Then, an irrigation network was installed. The fulvic acid-humic acid (FA-HA) biostimulant mixture was incorporated with the irrigation water, and irrigation was practiced three days per week for four weeks. During this period, every irrigation round lasted for two to three hours. A mixture of humic acid (8.0%) and fulvic acid (8.0%) was added to the irrigation water. Three treatments were considered, corresponding to three acid mixture concentrations: 0.50 mL.L-1, 1.00 mL.L-1, and 1.50 mL.L-1. The acid mixtures were added continuously at all stages of plant growth until plant maturity and harvest. Four replicates of the experiment were made. The plant growth variables of interest were germination percentage, number of leaves, date of fruition, size of fruit, and overall mass of fruits. Meanwhile, the soil parameters of interest were soil pH and soil salinity (electric conductivity (EC)) before and after adding the FA-HA mixture. The study found that the 0.5 mL.L-1 acid mixture treatment led to the early growth of the zucchini plant seeds and that fruition took place 12 days after planting. In addition, the results showed an increase in plant germination under the 0.5 mL.L-1 acid mixture treatment in light of the increase in the number of male and female plant flowers, with fruiting taking place on time. In conclusion, the relationship between zucchini growth and yield with FA-HA mixture concentration is non-linear. It is also concluded that the optimum acid mixture concentration and application rate are crop-specific. Hence, for each crop, the most appropriate acid mixture concentration should be determined first before the broad-scale application of amendments to the soil to ensure the contribution of this environmentally friendly practice to sustainable agriculture.
A Compressed Sensing Approach to Fibre Bragg Interrogation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

State of the art fibre optic sensors based on fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) are robust sensing platforms widely used in real-world applications [1]. Interrogation of such FBGs are typically facilitated using broadband sources in combination with linear detector arrays, or swept-wavelength sources. Here, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate a compressed sensing approach to FBG sensor interrogation. Optical source and detector complexity are reduced by employing a broadband ASE source and a single-pixel detector respectively. Reconstruction is aided by convex optimisation, which provides the sampling compression, offering a modality to increase sensor readout rates in the process.
Atopic Dermatitis and its Pathophysiology- A Critical Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease.Loss of function or mutation in filaggrin lead to skin barrier disruption that initiate AD.Later Type 2 cytokines promote skin inflammation and cause immune dysregulation which is also important in the pathogenesis of the disease.Alteration in skin hostbiome interaction help to propagate the immune response.IgE mediated allergic sensitization and environmental factors such as climate, urban vs rural life, diet, breast feeding, smoking exert effect that are also involved in the pathophysiology of AD.Recent findings on AD and the possible mechanism of its pathophysiology are discussed in this review which will help us to find potential therapeutic approach for this disease.
An Empirical Investigation on Variational Autoencoder-Based Dynamic Modeling of Deformable Objects from RGB Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Formulating the dynamics of continuously deformable objects and other mechanical systems analytically from first principles is an exceedingly challenging task, often impractical in real-world scenarios. What makes this challenge even harder to solve is that, usually, the object has not been observed previously, and the only information that we can get from it is a stream of RGB camera data. In this study, we explore the use of deep learning techniques to solve this nonlinear identification problem. We specifically focus on extracting dynamic models of simple deformable objects from the high-dimensional sensor input coming from an RGB camera. We investigate a two-stage approach to achieve this goal. First, we train a variational autoencoder to extract an extremely low-dimensional representation of the object configuration. Then, we learn a dynamic model that predicts the evolution of these latent space variables. The proposed architecture can accurately predict the object's state up to one second into the future.</p>
ENLARGEMENT OF SCLEROCHOROIDAL CALCIFICATIONS: MULTIMODAL IMAGING UPDATE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To report the multimodal imaging and enlargement of sclerochoroidal calcifications over a 10-year period. Methods: Case report of a 74-year-old white man who presented for routine follow-up and was found to have yellow chorioretinal lesions in the right eye. Results: Multimodal imaging was performed and confirmed sclerochoroidal calcifications. Comparison of fundus photography over a 10-year period demonstrated growth of preexisting lesions and the development of new lesions in the right eye. Conclusion: Over time, this patient developed new sclerochoroidal calcifications and enlargement of preexisting calcifications. We, therefore, recommend regular follow-up with periodic multimodal imaging for these patients.
Impact of cesspools sanitation system on the physicochemical and bacteriological groundwater quality of El Kolea’s locality (Agadir Region, South Morocco)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this work is to study the impact of cesspools on groundwater quality, used as sanitation system in El Kolea’s municipality in the Agadir region-south of Morocco. Waters of three boreholes used for population drinking have undergone physicochemical and bacteriological analysis. The physicochemical analysis was performed by measuring the following parameters: temperature (T), pH, nitrite (NO2-), nitrates (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), electrical conductivity (EC) and turbidity (Tur). The bacteriological analysis of Fecal Indicators Bacteria (FIB) parameters i.e. total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC) and fecal streptococci (FS) have been carried out. The results showed that physicochemical parameters analyzed are within the Moroccan standards. However, water from these boreholes exceeds the standards of the bacteriological quality. The high presence of fecal bacteria represents a significant risk to the health of populations consuming these waters. Thus, the used cesspools do not respect hygiene rules and the generated wastewater contaminates the groundwater.
Economic Efficiency of Investment in Facilities and Equipment for Grains Storing

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Serbia disposes with strong tradition in crop production, followed by significant natural resources and favorable climate conditions. Despite the good results in grain production, farms are in general economically so weak to possess and use the storing facilities, while they sell the products immediately after the harvest. After reconsidering the lack of storing facilities and consequences it affects, strategic strivings in strengthening of farm competitiveness initiate in previous period public support turned to building of storage capacities and purchase of necessary equipment. In paper was presented the assessment (by the use of dynamic and static methods) of economic effectiveness of investment in storing capacities, i.e. silos, showing that this investment (supported by public incentives) could represent the economically justified business decision for certain farms turned to crop, specifically grains production.
Multiplayer quantum minority game with decoherence

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A quantum version of the Minority game for an arbitrary number of agents is considered. It is known that when the number of agents is odd, quantizing the game produces no advantage to the players, but for an even number of agents new Nash equilibria appear that have no classical analogue and have improved payoffs. We study the effect on the Nash equilibrium payoff of various forms of decoherence. As the number of players increases the multipartite GHZ state becomes increasingly fragile, as indicated by the smaller error probability required to reduce the Nash equilibrium payoff to the classical level.