jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Affine body dynamics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Simulating stiff materials in applications where deformations are either not significant or else can safely be ignored is a fundamental task across fields. Rigid body modeling has thus long remained a critical tool and is, by far, the most popular simulation strategy currently employed for modeling stiff solids. At the same time, rigid body methods continue to pose a number of well known challenges and trade-offs including intersections, instabilities, inaccuracies, and/or slow performances that grow with contact-problem complexity. In this paper we revisit the stiff body problem and present ABD, a simple and highly effective affine body dynamics framework, which significantly improves state-of-the-art for simulating stiff-body dynamics. We trace the challenges in rigid-body methods to the necessity of linearizing piecewise-rigid trajectories and subsequent constraints. ABD instead relaxes the unnecessary (and unrealistic) constraint that each body's motion be exactly rigid with a stiff orthogonality potential, while preserving the rigid body model's key feature of a small coordinate representation. In doing so ABD replaces piecewise linearization with piecewise linear trajectories. This, in turn, combines the best of both worlds: compact coordinates ensure small, sparse system solves, while piecewise-linear trajectories enable efficient and accurate constraint (contact and joint) evaluations. Beginning with this simple foundation, ABD preserves all guarantees of the underlying IPC model we build it upon, e.g., solution convergence, guaranteed non-intersection, and accurate frictional contact. Over a wide range and scale of simulation problems we demonstrate that ABD brings orders of magnitude performance gains (two- to three-orders on the CPU and an order more when utilizing the GPU, obtaining 10, 000× speedups) over prior IPC-based methods, while maintaining simulation quality and nonintersection of trajectories. At the same time ABD has comparable or faster timings when compared to state-of-the-art rigid body libraries optimized for performance without guarantees, and successfully and efficiently solves challenging simulation problems where both classes of prior rigid body simulation methods fail altogether.
Opportunity-Maintenance-Based Scheduling Optimization for Ship-Loading Operation Systems in Coal Export Terminals

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

As important nodes of the global coal supply chain, coal export terminals bear the tasks of coal storage, processing, and handling, whose efficiency and stability are of great importance with the growing coal shipping market in recent years. However, poor working conditions of the handling equipment in the coal export terminal, together with its relatively fixed layout and poor flexibility, allow frequent equipment failures to seriously affect the ship-loading operations. To solve the problem, this paper constructs a scheduling optimization model for ship-loading operation systems considering equipment maintenance and proposes an opportunity-maintenance-based two-layer algorithm to solve the model. The upper layer aims to optimize the scheduling scheme of the ship-loading operation system under a certain maintenance plan. The lower layer of the algorithm, an opportunity-maintenance-based “equipment-level–flow-level” maintenance optimization method, determines the best equipment maintenance plan. A coal export terminal in China is employed as the case study to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can reduce the average dwell time of ships at the terminal by 15.8% and save total scheduling and maintenance costs by 10.3%. This paper shows how to make full use of equipment failure historical data and integrate equipment maintenance schemes into the scheduling problem of the ship-loading operation system, which can effectively reduce the impact of equipment failures on ship-loading operations and provide decision support for coal export terminal management.
A NEW PROJECT OF CYCLOTRON BASE RADIOACTIVE ION BEAM FACILITY

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

For productions of intense proton and radioactive ion beam (RIB) used in fundamental and applied research, e.g., neutron physics, nuclear structure, material and life sciences and medical isotope production, a new project of cyclotron base radioactive ion beam facility is started in CIAE recently. It consists of a 100 MeV cyclotron, a two-stages isotope separator on line system, modification of the existing tandem, a super conducting Linac booster, various experimental terminals and an isotope production station. Recently, we are working on the detailed design of this upgrade project. In this report, a summary of the design aspects and various R&amp;D will be given.
Continuous non-invasive cardiac output measurements in the neonate by electrical velocimetry: a comparison with echocardiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Electrical velocimetry (EV) is a non-invasive method of continuous left cardiac output monitoring based on measurement of thoracic electrical bioimpedance. The objective was to validate EV by investigating the agreement in cardiac output measurements performed by EV and echocardiography. Design In this prospective observational study, left ventricular output (LVO) was simultaneously measured by EV (LVO ev ) using Aesculon and by echocardiography (LVO echo ) in healthy term neonates during the first 2 postnatal days. To determine the agreement between the two methods, we calculated the bias (mean difference) and precision (1.96×SD of the difference). As LVO echo has its own limitations, the authors also calculated the ‘true precision’ of EV adjusted for echocardiography as the reference method. Results The authors performed 115 paired measurements in 20 neonates. LVO ev and LVO echo were similar (534±105 vs 538±105 ml/min, p=0.7). The bias and precision of EV were −4 and 234 ml/min, respectively. The authors found the true precision of EV to be similar to the precision of echocardiography (31.6% vs 30%, respectively). There was no difference in bias and precision between the measurements obtained in patients with or without a haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus. Conclusions EV is as accurate in measuring LVO as echocardiography and the variation in the agreement between EV and echocardiography among the individual subjects reflects the limitations of both techniques.
The culinary of the gypsies / roma in Bulgaria — intangible cultural heritage between tradition and modernity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Th e cuisine of the Gypsies living in Bulgaria is part of their cultural heritage and more specifi cally of the knowledge and customs related to nature and the universe. Th e aim of the paper is to present the safeguarding of the ethnic culinary traditions as part of the intangible cultural heritage of the group and their current state of preservation. Our fi eld work, conducted for over 20 years, provided an opportunity to search for and systematize information about the changes in the cuisine in the second half of the twentieth and in the early twenty-fi rst century as a result of new socio-economic conditions, infl uenced by the environment, mobility and migration in the modern global world. Examples of the dynamic of the changes are presented for diff erent periods and various Gypsy groups. Our research shows that Gypsies manage to preserve their traditional cuisine mainly through the continuity of the family setting. Th e dishes are passed down through the generations by the women in the family. Gypsy cuisine, despite the infl uence of various social and economic processes, is one of the preserved elements of the ethnic cultural heritage.
Possible Role of Crystal-Bearing Cells in Tomato Fertility and Formation of Seedless Fruits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Crystal-bearing cells or idioblasts, which deposit calcium oxalate, are located in various tissues and organs of many plant species. The functional significance of their formation is currently unclear. Idioblasts in the leaf parenchyma and the development of crystal-bearing cells in the anther tissues of transgenic tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicon L.), expressing the heterologous FeSOD gene and which showed a decrease in fertility, were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The amount of calcium oxalate crystals was found to increase significantly in the transgenic plants compared to the wild type (WT) ones in idioblasts and crystal-bearing cells of the upper part of the anther. At the same time, changes in the size and shape of the crystals and their location in anther organs were noted. It seems that the interruption in the break of the anther stomium in transgenic plants was associated with the formation and cell death regulation of a specialized group of crystal-bearing cells. This disturbance caused an increase in the pool of these cells and their localization in the upper part of the anther, where rupture is initiated. Perturbations were also noted in the lower part of the anther in transgenic plants, where the amount of calcium oxalate crystals in crystal-bearing cells was reduced that was accompanied by disturbances in the morphology of pollen grains. Thus, the induction of the formation of crystal-bearing cells and calcium oxalate crystals can have multidirectional effects, contributing to the regulation of oxalate metabolism in the generative and vegetative organs and preventing fertility when the ROS balance changes, in particular, during oxidative stresses accompanying most abiotic and biotic environmental factors.
Role of nuclear redox control, intra-population heterogeneity and oxygen tension in human amniotic fluid stem cells aging

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSC) are emerging as a potential therapeutic approach for various disorders. The low number of available hAFSC requires their ex vivo expansion prior to clinical use, however, during their in vitro culture, hAFSC quickly reach replicative senescence. \nThe principal aim of this study was to investigate the aging process occurring during in vitro expansion of hAFSC, focusing on the redox control that has been reported to be affected in premature and physiological aging. \nMy results show that a strong heterogeneity is present among samples that reflects their different behaviour in culture. I identified three proteins, namely Nox4, prelamin A and PML, which expression increases during hAFSC aging process and could be used as new biomarkers to screen the samples. Furthermore, I found that Nox4 degradation is regulated by sumoylation via proteasome and involves interactions with PML bodies and prelamin A. \nSince various studies revealed that donor-dependent differences could be explained by cell-to-cell variation within each patient, I studied in deep this phenomenon. \nI showed that the heterogeneity among samples is also accompanied by a strong intra-population heterogeneity. Separation of hAFSC subpopulations from the same donor, using Celector® technology, showed that an enrichment in the last eluted fraction could improve hAFSC application in regenerative medicine. \nOne of the other problems is that nowadays hAFSC are expanded under atmospheric O2 concentration, which is higher than the O2 tension in their natural niches. This higher O2 concentration might cause environmental stress to the in vitro cultured hAFSCs and accelerate their aging process. \nHere, I showed that prolonged low oxygen tension exposure preserves different hAFSC stemness properties. \nIn conclusion, my study pointed different approaches to improve in vitro hAFSC expansion and manipulation with the purpose to land at stem cell therapy.
A 40 Month Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial on the Effect of BCc1 Nanomedicine on Survival of Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Gastric Cancer Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Complementary experiments on nanomedicines as proper candidates for the control and treatment of cancer are widely being conducted nowadays. In the previous study, the effect of BCc1 nanomedicine, which is synthetized based on nanochelating technology, on overall survival (OS) and quality of life of gastric cancer patients was evaluated after 18 months of consumption. The OS of the same patients is reported in this study after 40 months. Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel, multicenter design was used in this study. 123 metastatic and non-metastatic gastric cancer patients of both genders (between 25 and 85 years old) participated in this experiment to evaluate their OS after consuming BCc1 for 40 months and to identify the adverse events of this nanomedicine. Results: The median OS of metastatic patients was 257 days in the BCc1 group [95% confidence interval (CI): 144. 142-369.858], while it was 161 days in the placebo [95% CI: 118.462-203.538]; hazard ratio (HR): 0.802 [95% CI: 0.483-1.333] (P-Value = 0.395). Similarly, the median OS of non-metastatic patients was 718 days in the BCc1 group [95% CI; 577.706-860.213], while it was 520 days in the placebo [95% CI: 460.280- 580.690]; HR: 0.807 [95% CI: 0.343,1.902] (P-Value = 0.624). There was no evidence of adverse events after 40 months. Conclusion: The OS improvement of metastatic and non-metastatic gastric cancer patients in the previous (18 months of follow-up) and current (40 months of follow-up) studies showed that BCc1 can be used along with base treatments to improve cancer patients’ OS. Trial registration: IRCTID, IRCT2017101935423N1.Registered on 19 October 2017, http://www.irct.ir/ IRCT2017101935423N1.
A Large-Scale Semantic Analysis of Verbal Fluency Across the Aging Spectrum: Data From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The present study aimed to characterize changes in verbal fluency performance across the lifespan using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Methods We examined verbal fluency performance in a large sample of adults aged 45–85 (n = 12,686). Data are from the Tracking cohort of the CLSA. Participants completed a computer-assisted telephone interview that included an animal fluency task, in which they were asked to name as many animals as they could in 1 min. We employed a computational modeling approach to examine the factors driving performance on this task. Results We found that the sequence of items produced was best predicted by their semantic neighborhood, and that pairwise similarity accounted for most of the variance in participant analyses. Moreover, the total number of items produced declined slightly with age, and older participants produced items of higher frequency and denser semantic neighborhood than younger adults. Discussion These findings indicate subtle changes in the way people perform this task as they age. The use of computational models allowed for a large increase in the amount of variance accounted for in this data set over standard assessment types, providing important theoretical insights into the aging process.
Sexual dimorphism in skeletal muscle protein turnover

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Skeletal muscle is the major constituent of lean body mass and essential for the body's locomotor function. Women have less muscle mass (and more body fat) than men and are therefore not able to exert the same absolute maximal force as men. The difference in body composition between the sexes is evident from infancy but becomes most marked after puberty (when boys experience an accelerated growth spurt) and persists into old age. During early adulthood until approximately the fourth decade of life, muscle mass is relatively stable, both in men and women, but then begins to decline, and the rate of loss is slower in women than in men. In this review we discuss the underlying mechanisms responsible for the age-associated sexual dimorphism in muscle mass (as far as they have been elucidated to date) and highlight areas that require more research to advance our understanding of the control of muscle mass throughout life.
The Pre-Nosological Diagnostics of Integral Health of a University Professor

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: In accordance with the WHO, health is defined as integral, consisting of physical, mental, and social components that are closely interrelated and reliably correlated. Thus, the health condition of 168 university professors (39 men and 129 women) was examined. Materials and methods: They were divided by age into 3 groups (group 1 – 23-39 years old, group 2 – 40-59 years old, group 3 – 60 and above). The physiological rates were evaluated during the autumn term, and the questionnaire was conducted during the spring term (2018- 2019). Professional motivation was chosen as an indicator of the social health of a professor (the method of K. Zamfir in the modification of A. Rean). The mental health of the survey participants was assessed by the level of occupational burnout (the method of K. Maslach and S. Jackson modified by N.E. Vodopyanova). Results and Discussion: The level of physical health was determined by estimating the biological age (BA) and comparing it with the standard population rate (the express method of V.P. Voitenko). The motivation of the professors is complex and expressed in different ways. It directly depends on gender and work experience. Professors of all ages are more or less susceptible to the syndrome of occupational burnout. Conclusion: According to the BA rate, the organism of young men strongly reacts to unfavorable factors of the educational process, but it adapts with age and work experience. The organism of women has a similar dynamic, but less negative reaction. In addition, the male aging is 1.6 times more accelerated than female aging. The methodological approach used provides a big picture of the integral health of a university professor. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 02 April’23 Page : 432-441
Valuing Learning in, through, and about Sport-Physical Education and the Development of Sport Literacy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter offers a clear and convincing argument for reconceptualising current approaches and dominant paradigms at play in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE). Throughout the study reported in this chapter, the author draws on his experience as an early career academic that came to PETE with 18 years of experience in teaching and developing Physical Education (PE) curricula in schools. This research is, therefore, an example of reflection in action requiring a reflexive standpoint acknowledging that he is included in the subject matter that the author was trying to understand. As he interrogated the autobiographical data and research literature, theoretical concepts emerged to inform his theorising and to expand his thinking about the practice of sport teaching in PE. The author confronts the models, metaphors, and images that had been part of his apprenticeship of observation and pre-service teacher training.
In Appreciation: Dr. Richard Breitman, Editor-in-Chief

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This will be the last issue of Holocaust and Genocide Studies appearing under the name of longtime Editor-in-Chief Dr. Richard Breitman. On behalf of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, I would like to acknowledge his exceptional contributions to the field of Holocaust studies through his editorship of this journal and beyond. Breitman became co-editor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies in 1994, working alongside founding editor Dr. Yehuda Bauer of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1996, Breitman succeeded the latter as editor-in-chief. Under his guidance, the journal became the leading publication in the growing, interdisciplinary field of Holocaust studies. An excellent editor and shepherd of the peer review process, Breitman assured that what was published was of the highest quality. Placing great value on academic freedom, Breitman also made the journal a space in which the field could blossom in an organic way. Indeed, during his tenure the number...
Staining for hemochromatosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The following describes a new method for staining liver tissue in hemochromatosis with cirrhosis of the liver. This new technique produces results that clearly and consistently provide excellent color contrast, depicting both fibrous tissue and hemosiderin on the same slide. The technique is equally valuable for routine surveys of any tissue that may contain hemosiderin pigments and fibrous collagenous tissue.
THE SPACE OF ANTIOCH - (A.U.) De Giorgi Ancient Antioch. From the Seleucid Era to the Islamic Conquest. Pp. xviii + 226, ills, maps. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Cased, £64.99, US$99.99. ISBN: 978-1-107-13073-9.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

THE SPACE OF ANTIOCH - (A.U.) De Giorgi Ancient Antioch. From the Seleucid Era to the Islamic Conquest. Pp. xviii + 226, ills, maps. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Cased, £64.99, US$99.99. ISBN: 978-1-107-13073-9. - Volume 68 Issue 1
A procedure for determining the minimum bulk density of soils

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to establish a procedure and develop equipment for determining the minimum bulk density of soils. Six soils with silt-plus-clay contents varying between 8 and 41% were selected. The determination consisted of pouring the soil samples into moulds 100 mm high with 106 and 158 mm diameters from three different falling heights, viz. 150, 300 and 450 mm. The uniformity of packing of the soil particles was varied by including or excluding a sleeve equipped with a wire mesh in the procedure. A mould 106 mm in diameter and 100 mm high attached beneath a 150 mm long sleeve which had a wire mesh with 6.5 mm openings fitted 20 mm from the top, was found to be the apparatus producing the most reliable results. It has also been recommended that oven dried soil passed through a 2 mm sieve should be used.
Cast of Cole Porter revue

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Press photographer Van Dillard captured the elegance of the Palace and the stylish cast of the Cole Porter Revue for today's Showtime cover. They are 10 Jack Walsh, 2) Susan Burkhalter, 3) June Gibbons, 4) Patti Rowe, 5) C.C. Carter, 6) David O. Frazier, 7) Bill Borquin, 8) Ron Newell - Palace Theater" - photo verso