jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of indications of primary caesarean sections done at a tertiary care hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Caesarean section rates have globally risen above the levels that can be considered medically necessary. The aim of the study is to analyze the rate and indications of caesarean sections for primigravidae in the period 2016 to 2018 at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi.Methods: It is a retrospective observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at PGIMER and Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi. A total of 552 caesarean deliveries in primigravidae were studied.Results: The total deliveries during the study period were 3346 and the total caesarean section rate observed was 30.66%. The caesarean section rate among primigravidae was 29.1%. The rate of caesarean section in primigravidae rose from 22.7% in 2016 to 39.3% in 2018 with 17% increase. Majority of them belonged to the age group 20-30 years (79.34%) and 2.53% were elderly primigravidae. Out of the total number of primigravidae caesarean deliveries, 67.2% were performed in emergency and 32.7% were performed electively. Among the emergency caesarean sections performed, 64% of patients had induced labor and 22% had spontaneous labor. The most common indication of caesarean section was fetal distress (19.77%) followed by arrest of labor (17.87%) and malpresentations (8.9%). The short-term caesarean morbidity rate was 25.4% including one mortality. Wound infection was the most common complication.Conclusions: Various reasons like changing maternal risk profile increased IVF pregnancies, scientific advances, personal choice and medico legal considerations have been cited for increased caesarean rate. Following evidence-based labor protocols, judicious use of cardiotocography, proper patient selection for labor induction and patient education will contribute in reduction of caesarean sections and related complications.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients of pregnancy induced hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The objectives of this study were to compare the serum Vitamin D levels in pregnant patients of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and healthy normotensive patients and to study the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients of PIH.Methods: This study was conducted in Shri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar in year 2015-2017. In total 100 cases were taken for the study and divided into two groups.Results: Serum Vitamin D levels were quite low in women with pregnancy induced hypertension with a mean vitamin D levels of 13.006±6.24 ng/ml as compared to 23.239±10.601 ng/ml in healthy pregnant women. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in PIH group was very high i.e. 94% compared to 46% in normotensive group (Mean Vitamin D levels <20 ng/ml).Conclusions: Vitamin D levels are deficient in patients of PIH and there is increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency with PIH suggesting that vitamin D deficiency can be a risk factor for the development of PIH.
Wikidata: Recruiting the Crowd to Power Access to Digital Archives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The web is the first stop for information seekers. As holders of the world’s cultural artifacts, cultural heritage organizations possess important information about the world throughout history. However, much of this is “locked down” unless information seekers make the effort to visit institutional websites. As a sector, we haven’t yet made our resources and scholarship accessible in the online spaces that knowledge seekers frequent.When Wikipedia launched in 2001, no one could have predicted its place today as the largest and most-used crowd-sourced encyclopedia in the world. As Wikipedia and its sister projects have taken the place as the gateway to the World Wide Web, cultural heritage organizations need to reconcile its place in the online information space. With the emergence of Wikidata, the central storage for structured data of Wikimedia sister projects, in 2012, cultural heritage organizations have the opportunity to “get on the ground floor” of leveraging their data in a free and open repository. This paper will look at how cultural heritage organizations can work with Wikidata, positioning themselves to become a more useful and accessible knowledge resource to the world.
The Diagnostic Value of CD1d Expression in a Large Cohort of Patients With B-Cell Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immunophenotyping is indispensable in the differential diagnosis of B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (B-CLPDs). However, B-CLPDs often show overlapping immunophenotypic profiles and may be diagnostically challenging. CD1d is an HLA class I-like molecule that presents glycolipids to invariant natural killer T cells. Normal mature B cells constitutively express CD1d, but with the exception of some conflicting data, its expression in B-CLPDs is unknown. We demonstrate that in 222 B-CLPD cases, CD1d expression of less than 45% is strongly predictive of CLL (likelihood ratio, 32.3; specificity, 97.4%; sensitivity, 84.1%). In addition, CD1d showed significantly higher staining intensity in splenic marginal zone lymphoma compared with atypical hairy cell leukemia, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma, thus allowing the discrimination of the former from the latter immunophenotypically overlapping B-CLPDs. It is important to note that in a given patient, CD1d expression on malignant B cells was similar between tissues and remained unaffected by disease stage and treatment status. Our findings strongly argue for the incorporation of CD1d into routine lymphoma panels.
An appraisal of the fit of a cognitive behavioural model of headache in University students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fit of a cognitive behavioural model of headache in the population of University students, from Córdoba,Argentina. The direct and indirect contributions to pain intensity of control beliefs, beliefs and thoughts about pain and coping strategies weredetermined, as were the direct contributions of pain behaviours and disability. The sample was comprised of 382 students of both genders fromseveral Universities. Multiple instruments were administered to measure the variables proposed in the cognitive behavioural model of headachefollowed by a descriptive and exploratory analysis of the data. Structural equation modelling was used and revealed an acceptable fit of the modelbut with lower levels than the criteria proposed. The model was therefore redefined by eliminating two indicators and was then found to achieve abetter fit (CFI = .91; GFI = .95) and an optimal RMSEA index of .05. The new model explained 47% of the variance of headache intensity. All thevariables of the model predicted pain intensity directly, with beliefs and thoughts about pain having the greatest predictive value (β = 0.68).© 2018 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Asociación Mexicana de Comportamiento y Salud. This is an open access article under theCC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Atherosclerotic background of cirrhosis in sickle cell diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Sickle cell diseases (SCDs) are inborn and catastrophic processes on vascular endothelium, particularly at the capillaries. Methods: All patients were included. Results: We studied 222 males and 212 females with similar mean ages (30.8 vs 30.3 years, p>0.05, respectively). Beside cirrhosis (8.1% vs 1.8%, p<0.001), smoking (23.8% vs 6.1%, p<0.001), alcohol (4.9% vs 0.4%, p<0.001), transfused red blood cells (RBCs) in their lives (48.1 vs 28.5 units, p=0.000), disseminated teeth losses (5.4% vs 1.4%, p<0.001), ileus (7.2% vs 1.4%, p<0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (25.2% vs 7.0%, p<0.001), leg ulcers (19.8% vs 7.0%, p<0.001), digital clubbing (14.8% vs 6.6%, p<0.001), coronary heart disease (CHD) (18.0% vs 13.2%, p<0.05), chronic renal disease (CRD) (9.9% vs 6.1%, p<0.05), and stroke (12.1% vs 7.5%, p<0.05) were all higher, and autosplenectomy (50.4% vs 53.3%, p<0.05) and mean age of mortality were lower in males, significantly (30.2 vs 33.3 years, p<0.05). Conclusion: The hardened RBCs-induced capillary endothelial damage initiates at birth, and terminates with multiorgan failures even at childhood. Parallel to cirrhosis, all of the atherosclerotic risk factors or consequences including smoking, alcohol, disseminated teeth losses, ileus, COPD, leg ulcers, digital clubbing, CHD, CRD, and stroke were higher, and autosplenectomy and mean age of mortality were lower in males which can not be explained by effects of smoking and alcohol alone at the relatively younger mean age. So autosplenectomy may be a good whereas male gender alone may be a bad prognostic factor, and cirrhosis may have an atherosclerotic background in the SCDs. Key words: Sickle cell diseases, hardened red blood cells, capillary endothelial damage, capillary endothelial edema, sudden deaths, atherosclerosis, cirrhosis
Establishment of The Preclinical Model for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy Using Non-Human Primates

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

報告番号: 乙16645 ; 学位授与年月日: 2006-11-13 ; 学位の種別: 論文博士 ; 学位の種類: 博士(獣医学) ; 学位記番号: 第16645号 ; 研究科・専攻: 農学生命科学研究科
pH-sensitive nanoparticles as carriers for oral delivery of a model peptidomimetic drug / Rosa Elizabeth Valente Pereira

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Peptide-related drugs are usually unstable in the harsh gastrointestinal environment with poor absorption throughout the gut. The potential of anionic pH-sensitive nanoparticles to act as novel drug carriers for oral administration of such compounds was investigated using a peptidomimetic drug, cefotaxime sodium. Drug loaded nanoparticles were prepared using a pH-controlled nanoprecipitation method. Three types of nanoparticles were prepared using different grades of Eudragit polymer, namely L100, L100-55 and S100. The drug-loaded nanoparticles have a size of about 100 nm, low polydispersity, encapsulation efficiencies of more than 50%, drug entrapment and drug content between 4-5%.
Croatian small wine producers – possible marketing strategy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the perspective of an increasing liberalization in the trade and taking into account future accession to EU, Croatia would appear to be a potentially very open market. The main aim in the paper is to analyse present situation in Croatian wine sector and to indicate possible marketing strategy for wine producers with emphasis on small wine producers based on quantitative research. Evaluated are the External and Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix in order to abstract the external as well as the internal factors that could influence Croatian wine sector. Based on the results of the research it could be concluded that 73.57% of producers sell their wine only on domestic market. Remaining 26.43% of producers sell their wine on domestic and international market. Only 13.1% of small producers export their wine and on the other hand 72.7% of the biggest Croatian producers export their wine. Results of IE Matrix recommend hold and maintain strategies so market penetration and product development could be suggested as a marketing strategy for Croatian wine sector.
Surgical Treatments for the Congenital Dysplasia of the Scapula.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study reports the outcomes of surgical treatments for congenital elevation and hypoplasia of the scapula.6 shoulders of 5 patients with congenital elevation (1 Sprengel's deformity, 1 Noonan syndrome bilateral, 3 Klippel-Feil syndrome) and 1 patient with congenital hypoplasia of the scapula were treated surgically. They were followed-up for 2 months to 17 years 3 months (average: 7 years 4 months). There were 2 males and 4 females and their ages ranged from 3 to 15 years (average: 6 years 5 months).For the congenital elevation of the scapula, the König method was carried on 3 shoulders (in 1 case, Z-plasty was added for the webbed neck), and the Woodward method on 1 shoulder. The patient with the Noonan syndrome was operated on by osteotomy with release in 2 shoulders. In this bilateral case, for the weakness of the shoulder abductor, pectoralis major muscle transfer was added during reoperation. The congenital hypoplasia was treated with pectoralis major muscle transfer only.The range of motion of the shoulder and downward displacement of the inferior angle of the scapula were investigated in these patients.The average shoulder abduction angle improved from 99.2° to 140° at the final follow-up. The average downward displacement of the scapula was 6.2mm (-11mm to 26mm). Patients with Sprengel's deformity showed better results functionally and cosmetically compared to those with underlying diseases such as Klippel-Feil and Noonan syndrome. Patients with muscle hypoplasia around the shoulder girdle were treated with pectoralis major muscle transfer, and satisfactory functional improvement was observed, From these results, good results may be obtained for shoulder girdle muscle hypoplasia by pectoralis major muscle transfer to improve scapular abduction.
LOW-TEMPERATURE DEGRADATION OF COPOLYMERS АCRYLAMIDE WITH SODIUM ACRYLATE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS UNDER INFLUENCE OF FREE RADICALS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Viscometric study of kinetic laws of degradation of copolymers acrylamide with sodium acrylate in aqueous solutions in the presence of potassium persulfate-sodium bisulfite initiating radox system at 30o С and the opportunity of regulation of molecular weight of copolymers is determined.
The Producer as Fan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Jason Mittell argues that contemporary television narrative is marked by degrees of both structural and consumptive complexity. One way he addresses this complexity is through the concept of drillability, which he describes as “a mode of forensic fandom that invites viewers to dig deeper, probing beneath the surface to understand the complexity of a story and its telling.” This essay analyzes a particular episode of CBS’s The Good Wife (2009–2016) to extend Mittell’s concept of drillability and to explore its theoretical links to Mikhail Bakhtin’s “dialogic imagination.” In doing so, the essay argues that “producer-fans” model modes of critical media consumption required by an informed and engaged citizenry.
Suck, swallow and breathing coordination in infants with infantile colic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: There appears to be a perception amongst parents and in popular literature that infantile colic is caused by feeding difficulties. Limited support for this perception is found in scientific literature. Whilst there is scientific evidence that suck, swallow and breathing are key components of successful feeding, these components and the coordination thereof in infants with colic have not been extensively researched.Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the suck, swallow and breathing coordination in infants with infantile colic and compare it with infants without the condition.Method: An assessment protocol for suck, swallow and breathing coordination was compiled from literature. This protocol was performed on a research group of 50 infants, independently diagnosed with infantile colic, and a control group of 28 infants without the condition. All participants were from two rural towns in the North–West province, South Africa, selected with a snowball selection method and strict selection criteria. The study followed a static comparison group design. Results: A significant difference in the key components of feeding and the presence of colic in participants of four age categories were found. The correlation between postural control and the presence of infantile colic were sustained in participants from 2–19 weeks old. Conclusion: Suck, swallow and breathing were found to be significantly associated with infantile colic. The findings should be investigated further. It appears that speech-language therapists may play an expanding role in infantile colic.[pdf to follow]
Paradoxical responses of plasma glucagon and bile acid levels after duodenal nutrient exclusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dear Sir,

We read with interest the article by Habegger et al 1 who demonstrated that duodenal nutrient exclusion using duodenal endoluminal sleeve (DES) improves metabolic syndrome and stimulates intestinal villus hyperplasia, especially the bypassed duodenum, in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There were three intriguing results. First, with regard to DES improving glucose homeostasis, the area under curve analysis showed that both sham-operated and the DES group had statistically significant improvements in glucose homeostasis. Nevertheless, since the pair-fed group had received the same sham operation, it is interesting that the sham-operated group rather than the pair-fed group showed …
Core–Shell MOF@COF Motif Hybridization: Selectively\nFunctionalized Precursors for Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Embedded\nNitrogen-Rich Carbon Architectures with Superior Capacitive Deionization\nPerformance

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Metal–organic\nframeworks (MOFs) and covalent–organic\nframeworks (COFs) are promising precursors for preparing high-performance\ncarbonaceous materials for capacitive deionization (CDI). However,\nthe simple pyrolysis of single MOFs or COFs usually leads to carbonaceous\nmaterials with disadvantages in salt adsorption capacity (SAC) and\ncycling stability, which are unfavorable to the further development\nof CDI. To address this issue, herein, we report the directed core–shell\nmotif hybridization of COFs on MOFs to obtain selectively functionalized\ncarbonaceous precursors, NH<sub>2</sub>-MIL-125­(Ti)@TP-DQ COF, which\nthen produce titanium dioxide nanoparticle-embedded nitrogen-rich\ncarbon architectures, called TiO<sub>2</sub>@COF, <i>via</i> pyrolysis. It is evidently expected that the resulting TiO<sub>2</sub>@COF possesses several advantageous features: (1) the inner core,\nwhich contains titanium dioxide nanoparticles, provides abundant faradic\nactive sites for ion accommodation contributing additionally to the\nhigh SAC; (2) the outer capacitive shell, which is fibrous nitrogen-rich\ncarbon, not only protects the inner core from the harsh environment\nof the solution and stabilizes the cycling performance but also affords\nplentiful nitrogen dopants for enhanced pseudocapacitive capacity\nand abundant pores for ion adsorption and electrolyte permeation;\nand (3) the outer COF-derived fibers interconnect with each other,\ngiving rise to increasing electrical conductivity. As a result, TiO<sub>2</sub>@COF delivers a high SAC of 33.66 mg g<sup>–1</sup> and favorable cycling stability over 40 cycles, significantly exceeding\nthose of CDI electrodes derived from single MOFs or COFs. This work\nis expected to enrich the construction of selectively functionalized\ncarbonaceous particles from MOFs and COFs and may also endow multiple\npromising applications of core–shell motif hybrids.
How to Look at Objects in a 5-Dimensional Shape Space. I: Looking at Distributions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper is a survey of development of extreme value theory during the last half century from a mathematician’s point of view. The paper considers both general results for classical models (schemes of maximum of independent identically distributed random variables under linear normalization) and extentions of the classical models and the derivations from the classical assumptions also. Different approaches to the characterization theorems for limiting distributions are discribed. The results on the estimation of the rate of convergence in limiting theorems and random sample sizes are given. The paper gives a survey of different approaches to the extreme value theory based on other problems of probability theory.
Hierarchical parallelization of divide‐and‐conquer density functional tight‐binding molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Massively parallel divide‐and‐conquer density functional tight‐binding (DC‐DFTB) molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations are efficient approaches for describing various chemical reactions and dynamic processes of large complex systems via quantum mechanics. In this study, DC‐DFTB simulations were combined with multi‐replica techniques. Specifically, multiple walkers metadynamics, replica exchange molecular dynamics, and parallel tempering metadynamics methods were implemented hierarchically into the in‐house D cdftbmd program. Test simulations in an aqueous phase of the internal rotation of formamide and conformational changes of dialanine showed that the newly developed extensions increase the sampling efficiency and the exploration capabilities in DC‐DFTB configuration space.
Large Volume Cell Electropermeabilization and Electrofusion by a Flow Process

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Since the pionneering work of Neumann and Rosenheck in 1972, cell electropulsation is a very efficient way to permeabilize the cell membrane while keeping the cell viability (Kinosita and Tsong, 1977; Zimmermann, 1982). The electric field when higher than a certain threshold allows the membrane to become permeable to external molecules. In 1982, Neumann et al. reported that Plasmids can be integrated in the genome of the host cell when a cell-DNA mixture was pulsed (Neumann et al., 1982). This physical method, called "electrotransformation", is under the control of various parameters inherent to the technique and easily adjustable. Cell fusion is routinely used for the obtention of somatic hybrids. This process can be achieved by chemical or viral means but electrofusion, introduced in 1979 (Senda et al, 1979)) appears now as a more efficient technique. It is taken advantage of the observation that strong electric field pulses are able not only to reversibly permeate the cell membrane but, if cells are in close contact, the transient permeability is going to disappear in an intercellular process leading to the cell fusion. Different approaches have been described in order to create the cellular contact (Neumann, Sowers and Jordan, 1989). In our laboratory, we have been pionneering a technique where anchorage dependent cells were pulsed directly on the culture dish (Teissié et al, 1982). When cells are growing in suspension, it was postulated that cells must be in close contact when the field was applied in order to induce the fusion.
Reversible Unfolding of Single RNA Molecules by Mechanical Force

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Here we use mechanical force to induce the unfolding and refolding of single RNA molecules: a simple RNA hairpin, a molecule containing a three-helix junction, and the P5abc domain of the Tetrahymena thermophila ribozyme. All three molecules (P5abc only in the absence of Mg 2+ ) can be mechanically unfolded at equilibrium, and when kept at constant force within a critical force range, are bi-stable and hop between folded and unfolded states. We determine the force-dependent equilibrium constants for folding/unfolding these single RNA molecules and the positions of their transition states along the reaction coordinate.