jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity of the avian Escherichia coli isolates from pericarditis and femoral head necrosis lesions of the colibacillosis in experimentally infected chicks

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between different combinations of seven (ompT, hlyF, iss, iutA, iroN, tsh and cvaC) Colicin V (ColV) plasmid associated virulence genes (VGs) and pathogenicity of avian E. coli isolates. After detection of the different patterns of VGs among 290 E. coli isolates from pericarditis and femoral head necrosis lesions of colibacillosis and the 70 isolates from feces of apparently healthy birds (AFEC), the day-old chick lethality test was conducted. Distribution of genetic patterns was different between the APECs and AFECs isolates, so that 67.3% of the APECs typed were represented by two specific genetic patterns (ompT+/hlyF+/iss+/iutA+/iroN+/tsh+/cvaC+; ompT+/hlyF+/iss+/iutA+/iroN+/tsh+/cvaC-). Furthermore, both the APECs and AFECs isolates with different genetic patterns were lethal for day-old chicks. The ColV plasmid or some of its VGs can provide helpful characteristics to describe APECs. Furthermore, extraintestinal environments may supply requirements for the pathogenicity of the avian E. coli isolates harboring different genetic background. However, further studies are needed to confirm the definite link between avian E. coli isolates pathogenicity and their genotype.
Sports Nutrition Knowledge, Perceptions, Resources, and Advice Given by Certified CrossFit Trainers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: CrossFit is a large, growing force in the fitness community. Currently, Level 1 and 2 CrossFit certification classes do not include nutrition education. The purpose of this study was to identify sports nutrition knowledge, perceptions, resources, and advice given by Certified CrossFit Trainers. Methods: An online questionnaire that measured these four constructs was placed on a private Facebook community, open only to certified CrossFit trainers, for 10 days. Results: Complete surveys were obtained from 289 CrossFit trainers. The mean Sport Nutrition Knowledge (SNK) score was 11.1 ± 2.1, equivalent to 65.3% ± 12.4% correct. The trainers perceived nutrition to be extremely important to athletic performance (9.4 ± 0.9 on a 10 point scale). Overall, the trainers graded their SNK higher than that of their CrossFit peers. The internet and CrossFit peers were the most frequently reported sources for nutrition information; Registered Dietitians were the least reported source. The Paleo and Zone diets were the most common dietary regimens recommended by CrossFit trainers. Results indicated a positive correlation between a CrossFit trainer’s self-reported hours of nutrition education and their SNK score (r = 0.17; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Nutrition education modules for Level 1 and 2 CrossFit trainers, developed with input from Board Certified Specialists in Sports Dietetics, are recommended.
Taiwan and Modern China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The China–Taiwan relationship continues to be one of the most highly fraught international political issues in the post-Cold War era, and a potential flashpoint in US–China affairs. Lying 180 kilometers off the southeastern coast of China, Taiwan’s relation to the mainland has undergone numerous permutations since the 17th century, when it was a Dutch colony. In 1662, Taiwan was conquered by Ming loyalist forces who retreated to the island from China and took it from the Dutch. This loyalist regime then held the island until 1683, when Qing imperial forces crossed the Taiwan Strait to quell the insurgents. The Qing in turn ruled Taiwan until 1895, when it was ceded to Japan as an outcome of the Sino-Japanese War. Taiwan was returned to Chinese sovereignty in 1945, following Japan’s defeat in World War II, but has been divided from mainland China since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. Taiwan’s evolving relationship to modern China has been profoundly shaped by three crucial factors: the island’s location along China’s strategic maritime perimeter; its role in global trade networks; and fears of its being used as an enemy base against the mainland. Taiwan has also played an important role in Chinese migration history. The island was one of the earliest destinations for overseas migration from China, and it has seen successive waves of Han Chinese migrants over the centuries, making it home to the largest ethnic Chinese population outside the PRC in the early 21st century. In addition to ancestral and cultural ties, a staggering volume of trade and investment links the two sides together economically, despite ongoing political friction, and the contemporary cross-Strait relationship is thus characterized by collaboration as well as conflict. Important historiography of the subject has been produced in China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, the United States, and Europe within the frameworks of Chinese history, East Asian regional and maritime history, comparative colonial history, and the history of international relations. It is worth noting that beyond the China–Taiwan relationship, a different strand of historiography, that of Pacific history, treats Taiwan as part of the history of the Pacific Islands, focusing on its indigenous people rather than the Han Chinese majority, and on their links to other Austronesian-speaking peoples across Oceania.
Perceptions of music therapy amongst academicians and healthcare providers in universities and university-affiliated health services in New Zealand

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The areas of music therapy effects in health services are varied, including emotional, physical, social, creative, spiritual, and environmental functions. The purpose of this study was to examine awareness of music therapy and its potential positive effects amongst academicians and healthcare providers in universities and university-affiliated health services in Dunedin, Otago, Aotearoa New Zealand. A cross-sectional design was employed. Data were collected using an email questionnaire via simple random sampling (Dec 2021 to June 2022). The questionnaires (Cronbach’s alpha, 0.97) asked about the effects of music therapy by focusing on emotional, physical, social, creative, spiritual, and environmental domains. Ninety-nine responses were collected. Most participants were academians (54.5%), with clinicians (21.2%), others (2o.2%), and a small number of allied health practitioners (4%). Among the various effects of music therapy, respondents endorsed a low-to-moderate level of awareness of music therapy effects on emotional, physical, social, creative, spiritual, and environmental roles. The study indicates a need to develop various programmes or educational courses that can introduce music therapy effects to professionals to ensure their patients and other stakeholders have the right to receive diverse interventions, including therapeutic music, to promote their health.
Small bowel neuroendocrine tumors: A critical analysis of diagnostic work‐up and operative approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SB‐NETs) are often small, multifocal, difficult to localize preoperatively, and can be overlooked during operative exploration. The optimal work‐up and operative approach is unknown. Methods Patients who underwent resection of SB‐NETs at a single‐institution from 2000 to 2014 were included. Primary aim was to describe the diagnostic work‐up and compare minimally invasive (MIS) to open resection. Results Ninety‐three patients underwent resection for SB‐NETs. About 71% were symptomatic and on average underwent three diagnostic tests: 45% had octreoscans (85% diagnostic yield); 11% had SB‐enteroscopy (10% yield); 19% had capsule endoscopy (83% yield, but identified the correct tumor number in only 21%). About 27 pts underwent MIS versus 66 open. MIS pts were younger (56 vs. 61 yrs; P = 0.035), and less likely to have obstruction (4% vs. 24%; P = 0.019) and metastases (19% vs. 44%; P = 0.038). Compared to open, MIS had smaller (1.7 vs. 2.4 cm; P = 0.03) and fewer tumors resected (2 vs. 5; P = 0.049), but similar LN yield (13 vs. 12; P = 0.7). In non‐metastatic, curative‐intent resections, MIS still resected fewer tumors compared to open (1.5 vs. 4; P = 0.034). Conclusion Capsule endoscopy may be better than small bowel enteroscopy at identifying occult SB‐NETs, but may underestimate tumor burden. While MIS may be appropriate in select patients, recognizing the limitations of preoperative evaluation is critical for these tumors, as heightened operative vigilance is often required. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:671–676 . © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
After the Revolution: Violations of Women’s Human Rights in Iran

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During the second half of the nineteenth century, at the time of the Ghajar Dynasty, women in Iran began a struggle for rights, establishing schools for girls, and publishing newspapers and periodicals for women. After the Constitutional Revolution of 1907, women's rights were expanded. Iranian women athletes were not allowed to participate in the Olympic games in Barcelona in 1992. According to the Iranian News Agency (IRNA) and to Reuters cables, on two days alone the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution Komitehs, along with other forces such as the "RAD" and "TAEMIN", arrested eight hundred women for nonobservance of the dress code. In the faculties of letters and humanities, only 10 of 35 courses are available to women, and women are not allowed to study archaeology, the restoration of historic monuments, handicrafts, graphics, visual communications, or cinematography. In spite of all the barbarity, women in Iran have not stopped challenging the regime.
The use of Piper sarmentosum leaves aqueous extract (Kadukmy™) as antihypertensive agent in spontaneous hypertensive rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The National Health and Morbidity Survey in 2011 estimated that 35.1% (5.7 million) of Malaysian adults aged 18 and older suffer from hypertension. Hypertension is still treated by conventional medicine despite its exact aetiology being unknown. Studies showed that oxidative stress and low availability of nitric oxide (NO) causes an increase in vascular wall tension and increase blood pressure. Piper sarmentosum (PS) a traditional Malay herbal plant is well known for its high antioxidant content. Antioxidant is useful in improving cardiovascular diseases particularly hypertension. Thus, it is beneficial to determine the effect of PS leaves aqueous extract (Kadukmy™) on the blood pressure, NO level, oxidative stress markers and serum cholesterol level of the Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats (SHR).Rats were devided into five groups consisting of three treatment groups and two control groups. Baseline blood investigations were done before and following commencement of treatment. Spontaneous hypertensive rats were treated for 28 consecutive days and the blood pressure was measured weekly.Kadukmy™ administration showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (P < 0.05), increased serum NO level (P < 0.05), reduced serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level (P < 0.05) and reduction of serum total cholesterol level in groups treated with Kadukmy-1™.The result of the present study revealed that Kadukmy™ exerts its antioxidant activity to reduce oxidative stress damage, increase NO production and able to reduce blood pressure and cholesterol level.
Stochastic behavior of subcavitation (With respect to .SIGMA.-dependence of shock-pressure-pulses).

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To make clear the stochastic behavior of cavitation in near subcavitating range, we statistically analyzed the acoustic pressure pulses associated with the cavitation, and discussed the subcavitation by introducing the threshold level selected for the pulsedetection, for various states of test water as well as the behavior of several types of cavitation bubbles. The stochastic behavior is remarkably observed for a selected higher threshold level. After the bubble-cloud initiates, the pulse energy which directly relates to erosion, significantly deviates from the n-th power law of cavitation number σ, and rapidly decreases with σ.
Autocrine Hyaluronan Influences Sprouting and Lumen Formation During HUVEC Tubulogenesis In Vitro

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although many studies have focused on a role for hyaluronan (HA) of interstitial extracellular matrix (presumably produced by non-vascular “stromal” cells) in regulating vascular growth, we herein examine the influence of “autocrine HA” produced by vascular endothelial cells themselves on tubulogenesis, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in angiogenic and vasculogenic three-dimensional collagen gel cultures. Relative to unstimulated controls, tubulogenic HUVECs upregulated HAS2 mRNA and increased the synthesis of cell-associated HA (but not HA secreted into media). Confocal microscopy/immunofluorescence on cultures fixed with neutral-buffered 10% formalin (NBF) revealed cytoplasmic HAS2 in HUVEC cords and tubes. Cultures fixed with NBF (with cetylpyridinium chloride added to retain HA), stained for HA using “affinity fluorescence” (biotinylated HA-binding protein with streptavidin-fluor), and viewed by confocal microscopy showed HA throughout tube lumens, but little/no HA on the abluminal sides of the tubes or in the surrounding collagen gel. Lumen formation in angiogenic and vasculogenic cultures was strongly suppressed by metabolic inhibitors of HA synthesis (mannose and 4-methylumbelliferone). Hyaluronidase strongly inhibited lumen formation in angiogenic cultures, but not in vasculogenic cultures (where developing lumens are not open to culture medium). Collectively, our results point to a role for autocrine, luminal HA in microvascular sprouting and lumen development. (J Histochem Cytochem 69: 415–428, 2021)
The Use of Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) in Federal Health Programs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report explores how modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) is defined differently across health programs such as Medicare, the health insurance exchanges under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), and Medicaid. It also discusses why MAGI is used, and how it is applied, specific to each program. The report covers that MAGI is used to determine (1) penalty amounts owed if a person does not comply with the individual mandate or whether an individual is exempt from the individual mandate; (2) eligibility for and the amount of a premium credit to purchase coverage through a health insurance exchange; and (3) Medicaid income eligibility for certain populations.
A Case Study of a Consultation Using the Two‐Circles Method With a Junior High School Teacher1

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract To resolve various problems in schools, a “school as a team” approach for teachers to cooperate with other professionals as well as other teachers has been introduced in Japan. Consultations are one method school counselors use to support teachers as a team. This study examines a consultation case using the two‐circles method based on narrative therapy and discusses the possibilities and challenges when using this method in Japan. Using a case study analysis, the author found that the two‐circles method contributed positively to the consultation by externalizing the problem, gathering local knowledge, visualizing the participants' narratives, and applying scaffolding to develop the consultee's story. The results suggest that this method could be useful for achieving the “school as a team” approach because it combines teachers' narratives to resolve problems in schools.
Research Advancement of Relation between Has-miR-10b and Tumor Invasion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The invasion and metastasis of malignant tumour was a major difficulty to cancer treatment.In recent years,the emergence of small-molecule RNA(miRNA)will provide new ideas and approaches to study tumor invasion and metastasis,micro RNA(miRNA)was a kind of endogenous,conservative,stable short single-stranded non-coding RNA,to regulate the expression of target genes after transcription.The miRNA played an important role in the physiological and pathological processes such as body development,cell proliferation,apoptosis and tumor development,miR-10b as a member of the small family RNA has abnormal expression in the liver,breast,pancreatic,glioma,pituitary tumor,acute myeloid leukemia,has a close relation to tumor invasiveness and distant metastasis.
Caught between competing emotions and tensions - a focus group study exploring experiences of family caregivers of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background/Introduction Being a family member caring for an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivor may impact family caregivers’ lives due to the sudden onset of the illness and possible secondary cognitive, emotional and physical challenges. However, experiences of caring for an OHCA survivor are sparsely described. Purpose This purpose of this study was to explore the subjective experiences of family caregivers of OHCA survivors as a means of understanding the potential burden they face. Methods Using an explorative qualitative approach, six focus group interviews were conducted with a sample of 25 family caregivers of OHCA survivors and analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach inspired by the philosophy of Ricoeur. OHCA survivors and their family caregivers were attenting at a residential rehabilitation course, where the caregivers were interviewed as part of the course. Results Three themes emerged: i) Feeling unexpectedly alone and invisible; the family caregivers felt an emotional burden that could not be shared – leading to caregiving being a lonely and anxious experience. The family caregiver felt alone with the responsibility of the shared life, ii) Fear of loss; the fear of losing a loved one was a constant companion contributing to the burden of caregiving, and iii) Adjusting to a new everyday life; the family caregivers had difficulties adjusting to living their lives on the basis of the survivors’ needs. This often resulted in an existential crisis trying to adapt (Figure 1). Conclusion The findings of this study illuminate and emphasise the burden experienced by family caregivers and how they can be caught between competing emotions and tensions. The possible caregiver burden following OHCA should be acknowledged. Systematic screening is needed to identify those at risk of high caregiver burden. Further, collaboration with family care givers should be an essential part of post-cardiac arrest care, and interventions to reduce the burden should be tested and implemented as part of the clinical care of OHCA survivors and their families.
Service needs and gaps for international students transitioning to permanent residency in a "two-step" immigration process : a Toronto-based study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite the increase in efforts to attract and retain international students in Canada, including the introduction of the Canadian Experience Class in 2008, there has been little investigation into what supports will assist international students as they transition from students to workers to migrants. This research paper is a Toronto-based investigation of the service needs and gaps that exist for international students aiming to transition to permanent residency in Canada. Data gathered from interviews with front-line workers assisting international students, an immigrant-serving organization, and government suggests that immigration policy reforms aiming to attract and retain international students have not been accompanied by the necessary changes to traditional settlement and international student services resulting in service gaps for this segment of Canada's international student population. The present study also connects these findings to neoliberal immigration policies and practices in place in Canada since the 1990s.
Cervical Oesophagotomy and Removal of an Impacted Oesophageal Denture: Case Report and Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present the case of a 46-year old man with a two-year history of losing his denture presenting with cachexia and a two-month history of dysphagia to both liquids and solids associated with odynophagia. Review at the ENT department where a diagnostic rigid oesophagoscopy was done under general anaesthesia showed a denture impacted to the wall of the oesophagus at 17 cm from the incisor. Attempts at retrieval were unsuccessful as the denture was deeply embedded in the oesophageal wall and bled easily on attempted removal. He subsequently underwent a 2-stage surgical management approach by the cardiothoracic surgical team. Patient first underwent nutritional rehabilitation for a month through a created feeding gastrostomy tube via a limited midline laparotomy. He then had a open cervical oesophagotomy and removal of the denture. Currently doing well six months after surgery and tolerating normal oral diet.
[EGFR expression and EGF stimulation of proliferation in human liver carcinoma cells].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene expression and growth stimulation of EGF on human hepatoma cells of cell lines BEL-7404 and SMMC-7721 were studied. 125I-EGF binding assay was used to measure the binding characteristics and the amounts of EGFR on these cells. The binding time course and the binding competition assay showed that the binding of 125I-EGF to 7404 cells was saturable and specific. Scatchard analysis of EGF binding curve indicated that 7404 and 7721 cells expressed approximately 1.1 x 10(5) and 0.7 x 10(5) EGFRs per cell with binding affinity (Kd) 2.1 nM and 1.8 nM respectively. Northern hybridization and immunoblotting analysis showed the EGFR gene expression products in 7404 and 7721 cells were 5.6 Kb mRNA and 170 Kilo-dalton glycoprotein. Anchorage-dependent growth of 7404 and 7721 cells was stimulated in the presence of nanogram quantities of EGF in medium containing 10% calf serum or 0.5% calf serum. The factors in serum appeared to act synergitically in stimulating of cell proliferation. EGF also stimulated the anchorage-independent growth of 7404 and 7721 cells in soft agar. The results suggest that EGFR is actively expressed in human hepatoma 7404 and 7721 cells and EGF may be one of the mitogens needed for the growth of hepatoma cells.