jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
AI a jej miesto vo vzdelávaní

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the past year, we have witnessed the rapid progress in artificial intelligence presented, which is manifested by the advent of the open use of Chat GPT in many areas, which opens up various possibilities also in education. Therefore, its place as a form of innovation in teaching, mostly at universities, needs to be considered. The aim of the article is to provide balanced views of university teachers of management subjects at three universities on the risks and opportunities of using AI (mostly Chat GPT) in higher education at the currently known level of AI development, with suggested alternatives to support positive aspects in favour of the quality and efficiency of the teaching process. The main benefits of using AI have been identified as opportunities for personalized learning, the biggest risks are in incorrectly chosen communication or used AI tool, which will provide partially or completely incorrect conclusions, the detection of which requires a high level of critical thinking of users, knowledge base and ability to evaluate the relevance of the information.
The slump test, a screening tool for neuropathic pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study investigated the utility of using a neurodynamic test, the Slump test by itself and with qualifiers to identify neuropathic pain (NeP). The study utilized a control group and a low back pain group. The low back pain group was pre-diagnosed as NeP or non neuropathic pain (NNP) by an experienced clinician using an accepted diagnostic examination. A slump test was performed recording knee ROM, pain location and verbal pain descriptors followed by Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST). Various versions of the slump test were compared to the pre test diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios were calculated. The conventional slump test was shown to be a sensitive and moderately specific screening test for NeP. Including whether pain extended below the knee dramatically increased specificity. QST revealed localized cold sensation hyposensitivity, widespread cold pain hyposensitivity and suggestions of increased thresholds of pressure pain levels.
Thriving among Pakistani physicians: A qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective Burnout among physicians negatively impacts the quality of patient care and provider's mental health. While many studies have evaluated burnout, factors associated with physician thriving are not well-defined. This study involved a qualitative exploration of thriving and career satisfaction among physicians in Pakistan. Methods A snowball sampling technique was used to recruit participants who completed a measure of job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and burnout between December 2022 and February 2023. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted to explore factors associated with burnout and thriving. Participants were physicians working in public and private hospitals in North Punjab. Results Twenty-four physicians were interviewed. Six themes emerged that might help to explain factors involved in thriving: patients' affirmation, serving humanity, social support, spiritual connection, occupational prestige, and activities outside of work. Two themes were identified as challenges to thriving: excessive workload and lack of resources. Conclusion Improving the well-being of primary care practitioners requires a multimodal approach, which includes cultivating intrinsic virtues, such as resilience and spiritual resources, as well as improving social support and the workplace environment.
Abstract 3053: Development of novel cell-based bioassays for the development of biologics targeting LAG-3 and PD-1xLAG-3

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) are immune checkpoint receptors that bind to PD-L1/PD-L2 or MHCII, respectively, on antigen presenting cells or tumor cells. PD-1 or LAG-3 activation results in the inhibition of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and reduced T cell activation. However, co-blockade of PD-1 and LAG-3 leads to a synergistic enhancement in T cell responses, suggesting functionally divergent inhibitory signaling mechanisms between the two receptors. Preclinical studies suggest that blocking LAG-3 re-activates the immune system to kill cancer cells, and co-blockade of both PD-1 and LAG-3 lead to a synergistic increase in tumor control and survival in preclinical models. Current methods for measuring the potency of LAG-3 and PD-1xLAG-3 blocking antibodies measure cytokine production from human PBMCs upon Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) superantigen stimulation. These protocols are tedious, highly variable, and require the use of highly toxic superantigen. Herein, we describe the development of reporter-based bioassays for the development of LAG-3 and PD-1xLAG-3 combination-targeted biologics. Engineered T effector cell lines expressing LAG-3 alone or in combination with PD-1 are activated in an antigen-dependent manner by APC cell lines. The assays are specific for LAG-3 or PD-1xLAG-3-targeted biologics and are robust as demonstrated by Design of Experiments analyses. In addition, the assays can be used to measure the relative potencies of test samples compared with reference sample in a detection range of 50% to 200% and show appropriate precision, accuracy and linearity. The assays can detect potency changes for heat-stressed samples, and are tolerant to human serum, demonstrating the potential to be further developed into neutralizing antibody (NAb) assays. Therefore, these bioassays can serve as valuable tools for the development of biologics targeting LAG-3 and PD-1xLAG-3.Citation Format: Jamison Grailer, Denise Garvin, Jim Hartnett, Frank Fan, Mei Cong, Zhi-jie Jey Cheng. Development of novel cell-based bioassays for the development of biologics targeting LAG-3 and PD-1xLAG-3 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3053.
Orchestrating Knowledge-Based Urban Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the era of knowledge economy, cities and regions have started increasingly investing on their physical, social and knowledge infrastructures so as to foster, attract and retain global talent and investment. Knowledge-based urban development as a new paradigm in urban planning and development is being implemented across the globe in order to increase the competitiveness of cities and regions. This chapter provides an overview of the lessons from Multimedia Super Corridor, Malaysia as one of the first large scale manifestations of knowledge-based urban development in South East Asia. The chapter investigates the application of the knowledge-based urban development concept within the Malaysian context, and, particularly, scrutinises the development and evolution of Multimedia Super Corridor by focusing on strategies, implementation policies, infrastructural implications, and agencies involved in the development and management of the corridor. In the light of the literature and case findings, the chapter provides generic recommendations, on the orchestration of knowledge-based urban development, for other cities and regions seeking such development.
Sponge Spicules in Pottery: New Data from Mali

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

AbstractAbstractUntil recently, the presence of sponge spicules in ancient ceramics has only been reported from South America. Current technological studies of Neolithic pottery from Sudan and Iron Age pottery from Mali provide evidence that sponge spicules are also a distinctive inclusion of some African ceramics. In this study, new data concerning the presence and quantitative variability of sponge spicules in West African Iron Age pottery from sites along the Niger River are discussed. Additionally, we discuss the potential archaeological insights offered by the study of sponge inclusions in pottery, and we consider methods for assessing whether or not these spicules were intentionally added as temper to vessels.
Development of a scanning atom probe

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In order to extend the applicability of the conventional atom probe (AP), a new AP named ‘‘scanning atom probe (SAP)’’ is proposed. The SAP has a microextraction electrode which scans over a flat specimen surface with many microcusps. Then the electrode and a cusp forms a minute field ion microscope. Calculation of field distribution in the confined small space between the cusp apex and the electrode indicates that the field can be high enough to field evaporate the apex atoms and that the atom-by-atom mass analysis by the SAP is highly feasible. Accordingly, a trial SAP is under construction modifying a low-temperature UHV scanning tunneling microscope.
Designing a Secure and Scalable Service Model Using Blockchain and MQTT for IoT Devices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the realm of Internet of Things (loT) communication, where many devices operate within resource-constrained environments, the MQTT communication protocol is of-ten employed to establish a swift and efficient network for sharing and exchanging data. It primarily supports message broadcasting rather than point-to-point data exchange. Each endpoint can merely broadcast messages to other end-points subscribed to the same topic. Furthermore, MQTT lacks built-in encryption mechanisms, leaving data trans-mission vulnerable to potential eavesdropping In response to these shortcomings, this research lever-ages blockchain technology and enhances it with features such as public and private key management, broadcasting, and message verification. The objective is to enhance communication quality and ensure the reliability of mes-sage encryption. To achieve this, every device within the network is equipped with the public keys of other devices through a broker broadcast. Before encrypting a mes-sage using these public keys, a verification step is per-formed to ensure the consistency of public keys across all devices. This approach facilitates Message on Transmission Protocol (MTP),Subject-Specific Communication Pro-tocol (SSCP) and mitigates the risk of compromised public keys. In the experimentation, it is demonstrated that the exper-imental performance of this architecture, whether with 3 de-vices, 10 devices, or 100 devices, exhibits a latency almost difference of less than 1 second. Therefore, this validates that our designed architecture not only enhances security but also boasts excellent performance.
Comparative analysis of effectiveness parameters of laparoscopic and open appendectomy in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common indications for urgent surgical intervention in children. An open appendectomy has been applying since the end of the XIX century, but for the last thirty years, laparoscopic appendectomy became an alternative. There is no consensus among surgeons, which method is suitable for pediatric patients. Aim: The aim of the research is to establish which of these two methods has therapeutic advantages in children, analyzing comparatively their operative and postoperative course in the treatment of acute appendicitis. Material and methods: The study includes 330 children with acute appendicitis. Patients were divided into 2 groups: operated by the method of open appendectomy (OA) and laparoscopic surgery (LA). Analyzed parameters were: methods of operation, age and sex of patients, intraoperative findings, duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, intraoperative and postoperative complications, preoperative levels of leukocytes, duration of antibiotic therapy and pain therapy. Results: In total of 330 children with acute appendicitis, 255 (77%) were operated by OA and 75 (23%) by LA. Catarrhal appendicitis is significantly more frequent intraoperative finding in LA (61%, p < 0.05), while phlegmonous is in OA (49%, p < 0.05). Mean operative time is 61 minutes in LA, compared with 38 minutes in OA. Mean length of hospital stay is 4.2 days after both operative techniques. Antibiotic treatment lasts as the hospital stay. Mean length of pain treatment is 1.3 days after LA and 1.5 days after OA. Conclusion: More children and especially with severe forms of acute appendicitis were treated by OA. Lesser number of patients and less severe forms of acute appendicitis were treated by LA. Total length of hospital stay, antibiotic and pain therapy are shorter in laparoscopic comparing to OA.
Epidemiological, clinical, and genomic landscape of coccidioidomycosis in northeastern Brazil

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Coccidioidomycosis, listed as a priority mycosis by the WHO, is endemic in the United States but often overlooked in Central and South America. Employing a multi-institutional approach, we investigate how disease characteristics, pathogen genetic variation, and environmental factors impact coccidioidomycosis epidemiology and outcomes in South America. We identified 292 cases (1978–2021) and 42 outbreaks in Piauí and Maranhão states, Brazil, the largest series outside the US/Mexico epidemic zone. The male-to-female ratio was 57.4:1 and the most common activity was armadillo hunting (91.1%) 4 to 30 days before symptom onset. Most patients (92.8%) exhibited typical acute pulmonary disease, with cough (93%), fever (90%), and chest pain (77%) as predominant symptoms. The case fatality rate was 8%. Our negative binomial regression model indicates that reduced precipitation levels in the current (p = 0.015) and preceding year (p = 0.001) predict heightened incidence. Unlike other hotspots, acidic soil characterizes this region. Brazilian strains differ genomically from other C. posadasii lineages. Northeastern Brazil presents a distinctive coccidioidomycosis profile, with armadillo hunters facing elevated risks. Low annual rainfall emerges as a key factor in increasing cases. A unique C. posadasii lineage in Brazil suggests potential differences in environmental, virulence, and/or pathogenesis traits compared to other Coccidioides genotypes.
Shrub and Herb Continua of Upland Forests of Northern New Jersey

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The shrub and herb strata of 55 upland forest stands in northern New Jersey were studied. For the herbs, frequency and cover data were gathered by means of 0.5 x 2 m quadrats; for the shrubs, cover and frequency data were gathered on 5-rn line transects. Data were obtained from 36 to 48 points in each stand. Importance values were so calculated based on relative cover and relative frequency for shrubs and herbs as to give a total of 200. Using the method of leading dominants, climax adaptation numbers (ranging from 1 to 10) were assigned to 194 herbaceous taxa and 45 shrub taxa. The terminal shrub species were Lindera benzoin (10) and Gaylussacia baccata (1). The terminal herb species were Arisaema triphyllum (10) and Gaultheria procumbens (1). A continuum index number was calculated for each stand, with a possible range of 10 to 100. The shrub continuum shows a wide range of stand composition reflecting the broad spectrum of habitat conditions in the area, the index numbers ranging from 33-100. The herb continuum did not show as broad a pattern as did the shrubs, the continuum index numbers for stands based on the herbaceous layer ranging from 19 to 69. This was interpreted as primarily the result of (1) persistence in mesic forests of clonal relicts representative of earlier successional stages, the result being a dilution' effect on the true mesophytic forest herb composition of a stand and (2) the frequent disturbance, characteristic of the forests of northern New Jersey principally through wind throw and drought, which results in establishment of herbaceous species more characteristic of earlier successional stages.
Robust Bond Risk Premia Predictability Test in the Quantiles

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Different from existing literature on testing the macro-spanning hypothesis of bond risk premia, which only considers mean regressions, this paper investigates whether the yield curve represented by CP factor (Cochrane and Piazzesi, 2005) contains all available information about future bond returns in a predictive quantile regression with many other macroeconomic variables. In this study, we introduce the Trend in Debt Holding (TDH) as a novel predictor, testing it alongside established macro indicators such as Trend Inflation (TI) (Cieslak and Povala, 2015), and macro factors from Ludvigson and Ng (2009). A significant challenge in this study is the invalidity of traditional quantile model inference approaches, given the high persistence of many macro variables involved. Furthermore, the existing methods addressing this issue do not perform well in the marginal test with many highly persistent predictors. Thus, we suggest a robust inference approach, whose size and power performance are shown to be better than existing tests. Using data from 1980-2022, the macro-spanning hypothesis is strongly supported at center quantiles by the empirical finding that the CP factor has predictive power while all other macro variables have negligible predictive power in this case. On the other hand, the evidence against the macro-spanning hypothesis is found at tail quantiles, in which TDH has predictive power at right tail quantiles while TI has predictive power at both tails quantiles. Finally, we show the performance of in-sample and out-of-sample predictions implemented by the proposed method are better than existing methods.
GNet: 3D Object Detection from Point Cloud with Geometry-Aware Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

3D object detection based on point clouds in real-world applications has been a challenging task because the raw point cloud may be sparse or occluded. It may be caused by bad weather or limited sensor resolution, leading to decreasing detection performance. To this end, a novel highperformance Geometry-aware Network (GNet) is proposed and used to accurately detect 3D objects from sparse point clouds. Different from previous work that only regresses the offset of 3D bounding boxes numerically between ground truth (GT) and prediction, GNet considers the geometric information of 3D bounding boxes and combines the two effectively to achieve a better regression performance. In particular, Point Nets blocks learned voxel-wise features and the proposals are generated by the 3D voxel convolution neural network (voxel CNN). By utilizing the prior knowledge and the geometric properties of the 3D bounding boxes, the proposed novel OS-loss can improve detection performance and accelerate speed of inference. Furthermore, GNet takes advantage of prior geometry properties rather than only regressing the offset numerically. These speed up the convergence of the regression network. Finally, our proposed GNet was evaluated on the KITTI dataset for 3D objects and Bird's Eye View (BEV) detection aspects. The results demonstrate that GNet can improve object detection performance for sparse point clouds.
Educational Expansion and Gender Inequality in Belgium in the Twentieth Century

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this study, a quantitative reconstruction is made of developments in educational expansion and gender inequality in Belgium in the course of the twentieth century. For that purpose, individual data from the Belgian 1961, 1970, 1981 and 1991 population censuses are used. Three parameters are reconstructed: the average age of ending studies, the highest level at which studies are ended and the highest diploma obtained. Unsurprisingly, the data testify to the substantial expansion of education during the period under study. However, they also show that men benefitted earlier than women from educational expansion. As a result, gender inequality in education was particularly high between the 1930s and 1960s, but quickly declined afterwards.
The Gap Between Model-Based and Model-Free Methods on the Linear\n Quadratic Regulator: An Asymptotic Viewpoint

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The effectiveness of model-based versus model-free methods is a long-standing\nquestion in reinforcement learning (RL). Motivated by recent empirical success\nof RL on continuous control tasks, we study the sample complexity of popular\nmodel-based and model-free algorithms on the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR).\nWe show that for policy evaluation, a simple model-based plugin method requires\nasymptotically less samples than the classical least-squares temporal\ndifference (LSTD) estimator to reach the same quality of solution; the sample\ncomplexity gap between the two methods can be at least a factor of state\ndimension. For policy evaluation, we study a simple family of problem instances\nand show that nominal (certainty equivalence principle) control also requires\nseveral factors of state and input dimension fewer samples than the policy\ngradient method to reach the same level of control performance on these\ninstances. Furthermore, the gap persists even when employing commonly used\nbaselines. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first theoretical result\nwhich demonstrates a separation in the sample complexity between model-based\nand model-free methods on a continuous control task.\n
Early classical private law

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter concentrates on the jurists and the Roman judicial system during the Julio-Claudian and Flavian eras. The establishment of the Augustan Principate did not at first lead, as might have been expected, to a diminution of juristic independence and influence. Iulius Caesar, during his dictatorship, allegedly contemplated a complete codification of Roman private law; his attempts at legal reform, though never carried out, thus looked mainly to substantive law. Augustus' thoughtful procedural reforms set the stage for classical Roman jurisprudence. The Proculians, like Labeo, normally prefer close objective interpretations of fixed texts, while the Sabinians allow interpretation based on the author's presumed 'subjective' intent. Although classical private law is chiefly a juristic creation, the Roman state did not surrender its power to create new legal norms through statute. The Flavian jurists in general maintained the standard school distinctions, with little major innovation in substance or method.
Competition and collaboration in requirements engineering: A case study of an emerging software ecosystem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Increasingly, small to medium software producing organisations are working together in collaboration networks to supply complex compositions of their products and services to customers. In this paper, we present a case study of two software companies that are evolving their partnership towards the creation of a software ecosystem. We investigate the impacts of their tightening partnership on software product management, with a focus on requirements engineering practices. We observe that the requirements definition and negotiation processes are directly affected by their fluid collaborative and competitive relationships. Power disputes, volatile roles and mismatches in release synchronisation are also aspects observed in the studied software ecosystem.We extract several observations from the case study that support small to medium software firms in making decisions within their software ecosystem.