jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Building a Corpus of Written Tasks of Swedish National Tests in English: Motivation, Method and Research Applications

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article describes a collaborative project involving the construction of a corpus of graded year 9 National Tests in written English. National Tests are standardized high stakes tests which are an important part of the Swedish education system because the results provide an indication of performance at national level, and also feed into pupils’ overall assessment. The grading of National Tests in written English has been found to be problematic for teachers, and a need for assessment training identified (Erickson and Tholin 2022). By providing a searchable database of graded written texts, together with the teacher feedback, this project aims to create a resource to support pre- and in-service teachers in interpreting knowledge requirements and assessment guidelines, and providing effective feedback. The corpus will also provide a resource for research into the features of student writing at different grade levels. To create the corpus, past papers from collaborating schools have been anonymized, digitized and coded. As a result, pupils’ texts can be easily sorted by a range of criteria, for example, year, gender, education type, grade achieved on the written paper and overall grade for the National Test. Teacher feedback can be accessed similarly. We outline potential research areas provided by this resource, and demonstrate how some of these might be explored. We also give examples of how the developing corpus has already been used as a resource for English teacher training programmes, and outline future plans for the project.
Experimental Study on CO2 Geochemical Reaction Characteristics in Marine Weakly Consolidated Sandstone Saline Aquifers

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Geological storage is one of the most important measures to reduce carbon emissions. The newly developed oilfield A in the Pearl River Mouth Basin of the South China Sea is associated with a large amount of CO2 with a purity of up to 95%. Two weakly consolidated sandstone saline aquifers located above the oil reservoir can be used for CO2 storage, but the CO2 geochemical reaction characteristics in the aquifers should be investigated clearly, which may cause significant damage to the physical properties of the reservoirs and caprocks of the aquifers. In this paper, static CO2 geochemical reaction experiments and rock thin section identifications were carried out using drill cuttings and sidewall cores, respectively. A numerical simulation was conducted according to the reactor conditions to explore the equilibrium state of the CO2 geochemical reaction. Through these studies, the characteristics of the geochemical reaction, its impact on the physical properties of the formation, and the CO2 storage potential by mineral trapping in the target aquifers were revealed. The results show that the two saline aquifers have similar physical properties. The reservoirs are mostly made up of fine-to-medium-grained sandstones as quartz arenite with a considerable amount of feldspar, which can provide favorable pore space for CO2 storage, while the caprocks are fine-grained felsic sedimentary rocks that can have a good sealing effect. However, both the reservoirs and caprocks contain a certain amount of carbonate and clay minerals. Mineral dissolution dominates in the CO2 geochemical reaction process, and more Ca2+ and Mg2+ is released into the formation water. The theoretical maximum CO2 mineral trapping capacity in the aquifers is 0.023–0.0538 mol/100 g rock, but due to the dynamic equilibrium of the geochemical reaction, the amount of mineralized CO2 in most of the rock samples is negative, and the average utilization factor is only −55.43%. As a result, the contribution of mineral trapping to the CO2 storage capacity takes −0.32%, which can be ignored. In the future, it is necessary to conduct detailed research to reveal the effect of a CO2 geochemical reaction on storage safety, especially in offshore weakly consolidated sandstone saline aquifers, which could be important sites for large-scale CO2 storage in China.
Judicialisation and informalisation of politics in Malawi

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter presents debates on the institutional drivers of inclusive development in Malawi by critically examining the role of the judiciary in the informalisation of politics and the impact of informalisation on inclusive development. It aims to conceptualise informalisation as the process by which institutions are created, located, communicated and enforced outside officially sanctioned channels. The chapter examines the tension between the doctrinal and practical approaches of Malawi's highest courts to the inclusion of politics in judicial discourse, with reference to the informalisation of politics in the context of 'customary law' institutions, mechanisms of accountability in parliamentary and political party relations and actions of local government and community structures that lack statutory authority. It suggests certainty and coherence in judicial discourse and practice; increased attention to the political role of the judiciary in academic and policy discourse and development programming.
A Perioperative Risk Comparison of Posterior Vault Distraction Osteogenesis in an Older Pediatric Population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is a growing literature on the advantages of posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis (PVDO) in infants, particularly those with syndromic and multisuture craniosynostosis. This study aims to compare perioperative outcomes of PVDO in older patients to those of infants. A prospective craniofacial database was queried for patients aged 5 and older undergoing PVDO; controls were diagnosis-matched infants. Demographic, perioperative, and distraction data was compared using a 2-sample t test and Fisher exact test.Twenty patients met inclusion criteria, and all had syndromic craniosynostosis. Mean age was 9.2 years for the older group, and 0.7 years for the younger. Older children had less weight-based blood loss (mean 58.6 ± 38.8 versus 14.6 ± 7.0 cc/kg, control versus older, P = 0.0092) and weight-based transfusion (mean 70.1 ± 37.2 versus 21.2 ± 9.9 cc/kg, control versus older, P = 0.0023); other perioperative variables were similar including duration of surgery, length of stay, distance distracted, time in consolidation, and length of follow-up. All patients in both groups successfully completed PVDO, and all older patients had resolution of papilledema and/or headaches. One from each group developed a wound infection that was treated with oral antibiotics.Posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis is a safe and efficacious for cranial vault expansion in syndromic craniosynostosis, with similar perioperative outcomes in older children as compared to infants. Posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis may be a reasonable alternative in older syndromic patients with acceptable frontal morphology and concerns for increased intracranial pressure.
Outdoor Allergens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Outdoor allergens are an important part of the exposures that lead to allergic disease. Understanding the role of outdoor allergens requires a knowledge of the nature of outdoor allergen-bearing particles, the distributions of their source, and the nature of the aerosols (particle types, sizes, dynamics of concentrations). Primary sources for outdoor allergens include vascular plants (pollen, fern spores, soy dust), and fungi (spores, hyphae). Nonvascular plants, algae, and arthropods contribute small numbers of allergen-bearing particles. Particles are released from sources into the air by wind, rain, mechanical disturbance, or active discharge mechanisms. Once airborne, they follow the physical laws that apply to all airborne particles. Although some outdoor allergens penetrate indoor spaces, exposure occurs mostly outdoors. Even short-term peak outdoor exposures can be important in eliciting acute symptoms. Monitoring of airborne biological particles is usually by particle impaction and microscopic examination. Centrally located monitoring stations give regional-scale measurements for aeroallergen levels. Evidence for the role of outdoor allergens in allergic rhinitis is strong and is rapidly increasing for a role in asthma. Pollen and fungal spore exposures have both been implicated in acute exacerbations of asthma, and sensitivity to some fungal spores predicts the existence of asthma. Synergism and/or antagonism probably occurs with other outdoor air particles and gases. Control involves avoidance of exposure (staying indoors, preventing entry of outdoor aerosols) as well as immunotherapy, which is effective for pollen but of limited effect for spores. Outdoor allergens have been the subject of only limited studies with respect to the epidemiology of asthma. Much remains to be studied with respect to prevalence patterns, exposure and disease relationships, and control.
A CIM study on bearing assembly company

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In today's environment, the computer hard disk is extensively used for information storage, and the precision of the component is highly dependent on the suppliers' manufacturing capabilities and efficiencies. In this project, the author studies a bearing assembly company, a supplier of high precision and volume components to the hard disk manufacturers. The company's efficiency is depended on three main operation stages: design, production and material management. To elevate its production efficiency, four main areas are being discussed in this report. First of all, the implementation of concurrent engineering and quality function deployment will help the designer to study the customer's voice and requirement collectively as parts of the design consideration. Secondly, by understanding the need to time-to-market and elaborates how a product can be launched ahead of the competitors concept. This will establish the company to be both the technology and the price leader. Thirdly, in product management, the existing situation is modeled by using the simulation software, Arena, to show realistic situation and to pin down any existing bottleneck. Finally, a study of the quality system that incorporates CIM tool to facilitate and promote operational efficiency.
Past, Present and Future of General Chemistry in the PUC-Rio.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This manuscript describes the role of chemistry as a vehicle of understanding many other basic sciences and engineering based on the experience acquired on the General Chemistry course at the “Center Technical Scientific” in the Pontific Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (CTC-PUC-Rio). A description of the history of the General Chemistry course is presented, including the discussion of emends, course structure, learning systems, text books, teachers’ formation and their role. It is also described the actual activities of General Chemistry, such as integration of chemistry with environment. The laboratory course, the structure of involved group and the role each one, the mainly difficulties as emend amplitude and the school routine are also analyzed. Due to the difficulty in choosing an adequate text book, a structure of a note book is presented, which contains the emend and its relation with many fields of science, enriched with exercises and examples. A new proposal to solve many existing problems are presented, such as creation of Special Topics in General Chemistry, after the regular one, and the utilization of softwares involving important contents to a modern engineer formation.
SH1312262.09FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Microbiological Profile and Drug-Resistance Pattern of Pathogens Among Patients Who Visited the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aynishet Adane,1 Gizeaddis Belay,2 Koku Sisay Tamirat3 1Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Hospital Microbiology Department, University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar; 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Koku Sisay Tamirat Email kokusisay23@gmail.comBackground: The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health threat in developing countries including Ethiopia; and there is a paucity of information regarding antimicrobial resistance patterns of commonly isolated pathogens, particularly in the study area. Hence, this study aimed to assess the microbiological profiles and resistance patterns of pathogens among patients who visited a tertiary hospital in the study setting.Methods: This study was based on secondary data sources from the hospital microbiology database and culture reports between September 2019 and August 2020 at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospitals, Ethiopia. Data about socio-demographic characteristics and clinical parameters, types of specimens collected, culture results, and antibiotic resistance pattern were collected manually by using a data abstraction format from the department of clinical bacteriology registration book and electronic database.Results: A total of 5328 culture results were included in the final analysis. Bacterial growth was documented only in 803 (15.1%) samples. From the positive culture results documented, the highest positivity rate was reported from abscess (47.8%) followed by blood (26.2%) and urine (15.1%) samples. Among the bacterial isolates S. aureus (32.5%), Klebsiella species (17.9%), E. coli (14.8%) and Streptococcus species (7.4%) were the commonly identified organisms. Of the 803 bacterial isolates, about 672 (83.6%) isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 19.7% isolates were MDR.Conclusion: This study showed that Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia species, and Escherichia coli were the commonest isolated pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance among common isolates was high for most routinely used antibiotics, and some reserved drugs like carbapenems and fourth-generation cephalosporin. Thus, this study may have implications on patient management, drug procurement, local treatment guideline development, and rational use of antibiotics. Furthermore, this finding could also help to facilitate the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention and control interventions within the hospital.Keywords: microbiological profile, antimicrobial resistance, Ethiopia
Hydrogen Fuel Cells in Vehicles: Current Situation and Future Prospects

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Hydrogen is emerging as a pivotal player in sustainable transportation, with hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (HFCEVs) gaining substantial traction. Despite the higher production costs compared to petroleum, hydrogen boasts a higher energy content by weight and produces zero toxic emissions. Advances in hydrogen storage, including cryogenic, pressurized tanks, and metal-organic frameworks, are overcoming density-related challenges. HFCEVs are making significant strides globally, particularly in South Korea, the United States, and China. By 2030, fuel cell prices are expected to be comparable with internal combustion engines due to advancements in technology. Enhanced control strategies, evolving safety measures, and supportive government policies are fostering the adoption of hydrogen as a viable clean power solution for future conveyance needs. Additionally, investments in infrastructure, such as hydrogen refueling stations, are expanding, further supporting the growth of HFCEVs. This paper explores the current advancements, challenges, and future outlook of hydrogen fuel cells in the automotive industry, highlighting their potential to revolutionize sustainable transport and contribute significantly to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
Relationship between Corporate Capital Structure and Stocks Liquidity: Empirical Evidence in Vietnam

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper examines the impact of capital structure on the liquidity of listed shares on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange, which includes 1078 observations during the period of 2011 – 2017. In addition to the capital structure, the study also looked at the impact of controlled variables including profitability (ROS), corporate value (Tobin’s Q) and size of the business (SIZE) on the liquidity of listed shares. The results show that the capital structure has inherently inverse relationship, while the controlled variables in the model have a positive relationship with stocks’ liquidity.
LHD Langmuir #91802.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Langmuir probes on divertor plates to investigate divertor plasma parameters and fluctuation characteristics of ion flux near the divertor plates. Total 400 Langmuir probes embedded on 20 divertor plates on each of which 20 electrodes are aligned every 6 mm. Sweeping and sampling frequency is normally 250 kHz.
Is it possible to increase rainfall in the semi-arid regions of Rajasthan by reducing quantity of dust suspended in the atmosphere ? -No

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The nature of air masses during the monsoon season and the causes responsible for (1) small rainfall and (2) desert conditions over west Rajasthan have been discussed. It is shown that reduction in the quantity of dust suspended in the atmosphere can increase neither the depth of the moist layer nor the rainfall over the area as suggested by Brysonand co-workers (1964. 1967-); stable conditions between about 1. O and 2. O km are not considered as being due to subsidence which can ordinarily occur over the area only above about 3' O km.
Author interview: Q and A with Dr Paul Ian Campbell, author of education, retirement and career transitions for ‘black’ ex-professional footballers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this author interview, we speak to Dr Paul Ian Campbell about his new book, Education, Retirement and Career Transitions for ‘Black’ Ex-Professional Footballers: ‘From Being Idolised to Stacking Shelves’, which explores black British male ex-professional footballers’ experiences of, and preparations for, retirement and career transition.
Use of Ambu® aScope™ 3 in difficult airway management in giant lipoma neck

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and objectives: Lipoma represents very common soft tissue tumour, which may appear anywhere in the body. Appearance of a giant lipoma at the nape of neck, can severely compromise neck extension especially in elderly patients where age related degenerative changes in airways present significant challenges to anesthesiologists in airway management whenever needed. This paper evaluates the role of Ambu® aScope™ 3 in such a patient. Case report: An expected case of difficult airway where an old man presents with a huge lipoma of 15.5 × 12.4 cm at the nape of neck where we achieved awake intubation using a non-fiberoptic flexible bronchoscope Ambu® aScope™ 3. In the absence of fiberoptic bronchoscope, this device helped us secure airway in this very challenging case. Conclusion: Ambu® aScope™ 3 can be used for elective awake intubations in patients with difficult airways.
From testing the water to riding the waves : new master of social work graduates' journey from student to professional

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Every year, more than 200 schools of social work graduate thousands of Master of Social Work (MSW) students. These graduates enter the world of work and continue on their journey toward becoming professional social workers. Surprisingly, very little is known in social work about the transition from student to professional, especially for MSW graduates. Related literature in nursing and education is reviewed in order to have a foundational knowledge of the transition process for similar professionals. The research questions for this study were: (a) What is the process of transition from student to employee like for new MSW graduates? (b) What are the factors that influence this transition during the first 18 months for MSW graduates? and (c) Are there critical junctures in the processes of transitioning from being a student through the first 18 months of MSW employment that are related to satisfaction and/or professional growth? This dissertation used qualitative, constructivist grounded theory methodology in order to study this relatively unknown subject. The conceptual model that emerged in this study is called Riding the Waves, and illustrates the transition process for new graduates learning to become a professional social worker. There are five stages of this model: Testing the Waters, Jumping In, Sinking or Swimming, Treading Water, and Riding the Waves. In Testing the Waters, critical issues of finding a job, negotiating a salary and licensure are salient. In Jumping In, new graduates experience orientation, examine preparedness from school and encounter the real world of work as opposed to their expectations. In Sinking or Swimming, new graduates negotiate not knowing, supervision, dealing with emotions and difficult work situations. In Treading Water, new graduates explore finding a balance between self-care and compassion fatigue and articulate job and compassion satisfaction. In the last stage, Riding the Waves, new graduates are more stable, gain confidence, find their voice and discuss what is ahead for them. Implications for social work students, educators, and employers are discussed including better preparing students for the transition, improving orientation and supervision, and providing the support that these new professionals require and deserve.