jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of Developmental Dysplastic Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis: Additional Help from an Intervertebral Distraction, Correction, and Reduction Device

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background In mid- to high-grade adult dysplastic spondylolisthesis, surgeons are faced with three underlying components: angular, translational, and collapse of the disk. In extremely narrow intervertebral spaces, it is difficult to distract and lift the vertebral bodies by the pedicle screw system alone. In this prospective case control study, we analyzed the efficacy of the latest prototypes (distraction, correction, and reduction [DCR] instrument) with intervertebral application in terms of distraction, correction of segmental kyphosis, and slip reduction. Methods Twelve adult patients (5 male and 7 female patients) were enrolled in this study. The average age was 42 years (range: 17–67 years) and in all cases the maneuver was documented during the surgery. The amount of slip reduction, the lumbosacral angle according to the Spinal Deformity Study Group dysplastic angle (dys-SDGG), and the disk height were measured preoperatively, intraoperatively, 3 months after surgery, and during the latest follow-up (range: 3–44 months). The relative height of the lumbosacral disk was determined in relation to the disk height in L3/L4. Results Slippage ranged from 17 to 67%. Overall, the average slippage was 45% preoperatively and 4.8% after the reduction maneuver. The average ratio of the disk height was 0.3 preoperatively, 1.0 intraoperatively, and 0.9 at the latest follow-up. Two patients showed significant kyphotic changes, and these patients had an 18- and 21-degree lordotic improvement. From those who had a lumbosacral kyphosis >20 degrees, only one patient did not show any lordotic improvement. All other patients had a significant lordotic improvement. In total, the lumbosacral angle changed from 15 to 23 degrees. Conclusion The application of an intervertebral distractor with a mobile thigh has a good clinical and radiologic outcome for mid- to high-grade adult dysplastic spondylolisthesis in terms of distraction, kyphosis correction, and reduction of underlying slippage. The described hardware failures and the complications were not related to the DCR device.
An annonated checklist for orchids of Tripura in North-east India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the present paper, an updated checklist ofoOrchids reported so far from the state of Tripura in Northeast India, based on collection in herbaria and research publications on the flora of the state.Additional informations on habit, phenology, occurrence, herbarium collections, etc. have been included.A total of 83 species of orchids from 40 genera have been identified and enumerated.Of these, 63 are epiphytes and remaining 20 species are terrestrial in habit.The most richest orchid genus in Tripura is Dendrobium with 16 species, which is followed by Coelogyne with 8 species.Orchids like Acampe praemorsa, Aerides odoratum, Cymbidium aloifolium, Dendrobium aphyllum, Micropera pallida, Papilionanthe teres, and Rhynchostylis retusa are very common and are distributed throughout the state.
Framing corporate social responsibility for a controversial product

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Firms operating casino businesses such as casino hotels often face scrutiny with heightened suspicion regarding the intent of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative. This study examined how persuasive intent and the CSR issue influenced consumers' processing of a CSR initiative for a casino hotel. The results of an experiment showed that participants reacted favorably to a CSR initiative, but such positive reactions disappeared when persuasive intent was explicit in the CSR message. This study further explored the underlying mechanism by testing a moderated mediation model in which issue importance in a CSR initiative acted as a moderator.
Five novel monoclonal antibodies to thymic epithelial cell surface antigens in rats.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

These mAbs clearly demonstrate the heterogeneity of the thymic epithelium; they could detect antigens not only in the cytoplasm but also on the surface of thymic epithelial cells. Our data suggest that these newly established mAbs may help elucidate the interaction between thymocytes and epithelial cells during T cell maturation.
The effects of a problem‐solving based Logo environment on children's information processing components

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The present study investigated the simultaneous effects of a problem‐solving based Logo environment on children's metacomponents, knowledge acquisition components regarding graphing skills, and figural creativity. Participants were 108 fifth‐grade children who studied in four classrooms. Intact classrooms were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: a problem‐solving based Logo environment called Logo‐Stat, or a comparison. The duration of the study was one semester. Results showed significant multivariate effects on metacomponents, knowledge acquisition components, and creativity, in favour of the Logo‐Stat group. Univariate analyses indicated that knowledge acquisition components and certain aspects of figural creativity (e.g., originality) and metacomponents (e.g., correctness) were more strongly affected by Logo‐Stat than others (e.g., fluency, flexibility, and utilisation). The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Analysis of Bioheat Transfer with Thermoelastic Effect

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The development of thermal therapy always requires more reasonable temperature distribution predictions. Controlling the amount of heating is a common practice within general thermal therapy operations. This paper used a modified three-phase lag (TPL) bioheat transfer equation to describe the behavior of heat conduction in tissue with thermoelastic effect. To explore the effect of thermal load, the tissue was subjected to a constant surface temperature and a pulsed surface heat flux, respectively. The modified TPL bioheat transfer equation involves mixed derivative terms and higher-order time derivatives of temperature. In analyzing such problems, there are mathematical difficulties. Therefore, the hybrid numerical scheme based on the Laplace transform and an improved discrete method was proposed to solve the present problem. The influence of thermoelastic parameters on the behavior of heat transfer in tissue has been investigated. The results depict the effect of thermal load on thermal response within heat transfer medium is obvious. The thermoelastic effect excites the thermal response oscillation, which is intensified for the reduction of material constant characteristic [Formula: see text] and phase lag [Formula: see text], in the heat conduction medium.
Neuroexcitatory Drug Receptors in Mammals and Invertebrates

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Previous work by the principal investigators and others has shown that the major type of synaptic receptor for the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, the GABA-A receptor/chloride channel complex, is the target of numerous drugs and toxins. The GABA-A receptor function is directly potentiated by several categories of central nervous system depressants including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, steroid anesthetics, avermectin pesticides, and possibly ethanol. GABA-A receptor function is directly blocked by the GABA antagonist bicuculline, benzodiazepine inverse agonists, convulsant barbiturates, and a series of cyclic convulsant molecules like picrotoxin. These neuroexcitatory GABA blockers include pentylenetetrazol, chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides like dieldrin and lindane, and the synthetic cage convulsants of Casida, such as t-butyl bicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS), one of the most toxic substances to mammals ever encountered. We demonstrated that these convulsant drugs acted potently on GABA-A receptors in mammals and invertebrates, using a combination of electrophysiology and biochemistry. Structural and pharmacological comparisons of the different subtypes of GABA-A receptors in various species and in various regions of human brain are underway. This will help to define to define the specificity of the neurotransmitter and drug binding sites in the various receptors and should lead to the development of new useful drugs.
On the joint survival probability of two collaborating firms

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract We consider the problem of controlling the drift and diffusion rate of the endowment processes of two firms such that the joint survival probability is maximized. We assume that the endowment processes are continuous diffusions, driven by independent Brownian motions, and that the aggregate endowment is a Brownian motion with constant drift and diffusion rate. Our results reveal that the maximal joint survival probability depends only on the aggregate risk-adjusted return and on the maximal risk-adjusted return that can be implemented in each firm. Here the risk-adjusted return is understood as the drift rate divided by the squared diffusion rate.
Compliance of the interstitial space in rats I. Studies on hindlimb skeletal muscle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Interstitial compliance, defined as the ratio between changes in interstitial fluid volume (ΔIFV) and interstitial fluid pressure (ΔIFP), was determined for rat skeletal muscle. IFV was measured as the extravascular distribution space for 51 Cr‐EDTA, while sharpened micropipettes connected to a servo‐controlled counterpressure system were used to measure IFP. The experimental protocol was designed to bring about acute (2–4 h) and chronic (24–28h) tissue over‐ and dehydration. During dehydration, the average compliance was 0.056 ml/g dry weight · mmHg, corresponding to 1.40 ml/100 g wet tissue mmHg, and was not significantly different in acute and chronic experiments. In hydration (acute and chronic), compliance increased several‐fold when IFV increased. Even at greatly increased IFV, IFP did not rise more than 1 to 1.5 mmHg above control level. Since control IFV amounts to 10 ml/100 g wet tissue, IFV will decrease by 14% when IFP falls by 1 mmHg from this control level. Provided unchanged interstitial protein mass the dehydration will cause interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure to increase by somewhat more than 1 mmHg—from a control level of 9 mmHg. Furthermore, since IFP was not increased by more than 1 to 1.5 mmHg during hydration, an increase in IFP plays a minor role in edema‐prevention compared to dilution and/or washout of interstitial proteins.
Study of texture and recrystallization in commercial pure copper wire with and without heat treatment

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Wire drawing is a necessary operation for the production of small diameter electricalwires. During this process, the shaping of the material is performed by a plastic deformationmechanism. The change in the shape of the metal causes the plastic deformation of each grain ofthe crystalline metal. In this work, we have studied a commercial copper wire. In this study, opticalmicroscopy, electron microscopy transmission, Vickers hardness and X-ray diffraction were used.It is found that cold drawn wires are characterized by texture formation and dislocation cellrearrangement. Isothermal treatments were applied on the deformed yarns, which makes itpossible to observe a recrystallization reaction which restores the mechanical properties and theinitial structure.
Model Test on Application of Grouting Steel-Tube Micropiles to Landslide Reinforcement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to investigate the reinforcing mechanism of grouting steel-tube micropiles on landslide,their control effects were analyzed from the displacements of slope top,slope surface and slope body through centrifugal model tests.The force characteristics of steel-tube micropiles reinforcing landslide were analyzed.The experimental results show that grouting steel-tube micropiles can effectively control the displacement of slope soil and prevent the generation of landslide,and only local shallow cracks are formed on the surface of slope.The maximum soil pressure on an anterior pile is 13.3% of the maximum soil pressure on a posterior pile to show that posterior piles bear large landslide thrust.The bending moment curve for an anterior pile changes from a reverse S-shape to an S-shape in the refinement process,while the bending moment curve for a posterior pile is S-shaped.
What is a Tunisian? Jews and Belonging in the Nineteenth Century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper looks at understandings of citizenship and its extension to Jews in nineteenth-century Tunisia. Taking the case study of the Shamama lawsuit –a sprawling legal battle over the estate of Nissim Shamama, a Jew from Tunis who died in Italy in 1873– the paper argues that Muslims were the ones to make the most robust argument for Jews as full members of the Tunisian state. European jurists, on the other hand, tended to understand Jews’ legal status in purely religious terms, leaving them outside the purview of full state membership. In the process, North African Muslims articulated a different view of equality. Jews from North Africa echoed these arguments, the paper encourages us to rethink what it meant to belong to Tunisia through a Jewish lens, and thus offers a new approach to the history of citizenship and nationality in the modern Maghrib.
Calculation of potential insolation spatial distribution in the terrain using DEM in a GIS environment

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A study case is presented herewith where potential insolation (PI) and real insolation (RI) were calculated for a small area (634.4 ha) by means of the computer programs Insol_Dia and Insol_Mes using a digital elevation model (DEM). These programs calculate PI by means of geographical information system (GIS) procedures and spheric geometry formulae. RI was calculated correcting the digital maps of PI with meteorological obervatory (15-0040, Morelia, Mich.) data of the Servicio Meteorologico Nacional. As a result a series of digital maps created within a GIS environment were obtained, these maps represent the spatial distribution of PI and RI for specific dates, hole months, seasons and annually.
Development Of Flipcharts As A Learning Media With Material On The Human Digestive System For Students At SMP Negeri 4 Bitung

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research was carried out by looking at adapting a product to be developed to existing problems in the learning process, especially for learning media, which may have little impact on students. The development of flipcharts as a learning medium could be an effort that has a good impact on the continuity of learning activities. This research model uses research and development using stages 4 – D. The process of developing flipchart media is carried out until the dissemination stage. This model includes Devine (analysis), Design (Design), Develop (Development), and Dissemination. The Devine stage includes initial observations at the school where the research was conducted, namely at SMP Negeri 4 Bitung. This is then continued with the product design stage, including preparing materials and creating images arranged to convey ideas about the media that will be developed. In the next stage, product development is carried out, which includes assessments from material experts and media experts as well as with study field teachers to see whether a product is suitable for application in learning. The next stage is Dissemination, which includes trials on students, and this stage is carried out in small group trials of 5 to 20 students at SMP Negeri 4 Bitung. The results of the research carried out show that from the validation test, material experts got an average score of 80%, media experts got an average score of 80%, subject teachers got an average score of 84%, and from trials on Students obtained an increase in their test scores before the flipchart media was 65%, after the flipchart media the students' scores increased to 89%. So, it can be concluded that flipcharts as a learning medium are suitable for use and are adequate for application in learning.
Tax Exempt Organizations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This unique book covers all aspects of operating and maintaining a tax exempt organization, within federal and state laws, from creation to dissolution. It begins by defining the various functions of organizers; the types of organizations, including unincorporated associations, charitable trusts, foundations, and nonprofit corporations; and the duties and liabilities imposed by the law on such organizations. The author shows how to determine if the goals and purposes of the organization fit into the statutory scheme for obtaining tax exempt status and helps the reader to decide which type of organization will best suit his or her needs. He points out the advantages and disadvantages, the legal effect, and the requirements of each. Finally, he explains how to terminate a tax exempt organization and the consequences of termination.
Lives unseen: unacknowledged trauma of non-disordered, competent Adult Children Of Parents with a Severe Mental Illness (ACOPSMI)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This theoretical thesis attempts to make visible the needs of adult children of parents with a severe mental illness (ACOPSMI), a population which has attracted little scholarly attention to date. It employs a methodology in which established trauma and alternative grief theories are applied to existing multidiscipline, scholarly and lay ACOPSMI literature. The thesis attempts to broaden the definition of ACOPSMI to include non-disordered, competent individuals. It argues that the unique, trauma-based needs of ACOPSMI are not being adequately met within existing family-focused policies and practice, which focus on the needs of parents with an SMI to the potential detriment of their adult offspring. Limitations, implications, and recommendations of this research are outlined.
The Genomic Heterogeneity among Mycobacterium terrae Complex Displayed by Sequencing of 16S rRNA and hsp65 Genes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The species identification within Mycobacterium terrae complex has been known to be very difficult. In this study, the genomic diversity of M. terrae complex with eighteen clinical isolates, which were initially identified as M. terrae complex by phenotypic method, was investigated, including that of three type strains ( M. terrae, M. nonchromogenicum , and M. triviale ). 16S rRNA and 65‐kDa heat shock protein ( hsp 65) gene sequences of mycobacteria were determined and aligned with eleven other references for the comparison using similarity search against the GenBank and Ribosomal Database Project II (RDP) databases. 16S rRNA and hsp 65 genes of M. terrae complex showed genomic heterogeneity. Amongst the eighteen clinical isolates, nine were identified as M. nonchromogenicum , eight as M. terrae , one as M. mucogenicum with the molecular characteristic of rapid growth. M. nonchromogenicum could be subdivided into three subgroups, while M. terrae could be subdivided into two subgroups using a 5 bp criterion (>1% difference). Seven isolates in two subgroups of M. nonchromogenicum were Mycobacterium sp. strain MCRO 6, which was closely related to M. nonchromogenicum . The hsp 65 gene could not differentiate one M. nonchromogenicum from M. avium or one M. terrae from M. intracellulare . The nucleotide sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and hsp 65 genes was shown to be useful in identifying the M. terrae complex, but hsp 65 was less discriminating than 16S rRNA.
Disulfide proteome in the analysis of protein function and structure

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many proteins undergo post-translational modification via well defined mechanisms such as acetylation, phosphorylation and glycosylation and thereby control a spectrum of biochemical processes. A growing body of evidence suggests that the reversible reduction of disulfide bonds also alters the structure and activity of proteins. Thioredoxin, a ubiquitous 12 kDa protein with a catalytically active disulfide active site (Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys), plays a central role in controlling the redox status of disulfide bonds in proteins that regulate a range of processes. Included are photosynthesis, seed germination, transcription, cell division, radical scavenging and detoxification. The ability to identify unknown functions of proteins of all types has been advanced by the emerging field of functional proteomics. In this brief review, we introduce the disulfide proteome as a tool that complements other methods for the comprehensive analysis of proteins. In so doing, the usefulness of applying this method for both in vitro and in vivo analyses is discussed for thioredoxin and other disulfide proteins, especially those occurring in plants.
Enhancing an Eye-Tracker based Human-Computer Interface with Multi-modal Accessibility Applied for Text Entry

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In natural course, human beings usually make use of multisensory modalities for effective communication or efficiently executing day-to-day tasks.For instance, during verbal conversations we make use of voice, eyes, and various body gestures.Also effective human-computer interaction involves hands, eyes, and voice, if available.Therefore by combining multi-sensory modalities, we can make the whole process more natural and ensure enhanced performance even for the disabled users.Towards this end, we have developed a multimodal human-computer interface (HCI) by combining an eyetracker with a soft-switch which may be considered as typically representing another modality.This multi-modal HCI is applied for text entry using a virtual keyboard appropriately designed in-house, facilitating enhanced performance.Our experimental results demonstrate that using multi-modalities for text entry through the virtual keyboard is more efficient and less strenuous than single modality system and also solves the Midas-touch problem, which is inherent in an eye-tracker based HCI system where only dwell time is used for selecting a character.
Lexical Input Used for English for Tourism Coursebooks at Tertiary Level: A Corpus-Based Approach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Effective English for Specific Purposes (ESP) training depends on coursebooks for relevant and genuine vocabulary. Corpus-based analysis is a reliable empirical technique for lexical evaluation in ESP coursebook assessment, as shown in this research. Thus, this quantitative corpus-based research focused on (1) the most common general English lexical items and (2) domain-specific vocabulary in tertiary English for Tourism coursebooks. The study was a quantitative corpus-based one that included 3,423,973 words from all primary reading materials, dialogues, and exercises in the 2020–2022 English for Tourism coursebooks. Using corpus linguistics methods, WordSmith Tools discovered and evaluated lexical frequency lists and domain-specific keywords. This study found that, although generic high-frequency terms are important, tourism-related language dominates the materials’ specialized vocabulary. Generally, high-frequency lexical terms, essential for language development, were detected. The most common domain-specific vocabulary, mostly nouns, was tourism terminology, including “guest,” “hotel,” “room,” “travel,” and “tourism.” This study provided actual lexical data to help curriculum developers and teachers plan, choose, and adjust tourist education resources. This aligns with real-world language needs and improves ESP instruction.