jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genome Relationships in Some Species of <i>Tripsacum</i>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genus Tripsacum has been of special interest to students of evolution, in the Maydeae since the demonstration by Mangelsdorf and Reeves (1931) that certain members of this genus could be hybridized successfully with maize.However, cytological relationships within the genus or with.Zea and Euchlaena have remained largely a matter of speculation.Cutler and Anderson (1941) suggested that the various entities within the genus Tripsacum might be quite intricate, and proposed that through investigations of the morphology and cytology of this genus should be made in orderr to clarify the relationships involved.To date, few such studies have been reported.Maguire (1957, 1960) has shown that it is possible for chromatin transfer to occur from Tripsacum dactyloides to maize, but her studies have emphasized that such transfer occurs only rarely on a scale detectable by normal cyto logical methods.Shaver (1962) has made it clear that nearly complete chromosome homology exists between tetraploid maize and tetraploid peren nial teosinte (Euchlaena perennis).However, the genome constitution of the various species of Tripsacum has not been analyzed, nor have genome relationships between Tripsacum and the other genera of the Maydeae been clearly established.The studies reported in this paper were undertaken to provide basic information for the development of a large-scale program of intergeneric hybridization of Tripsacum species with maize and teosinte.The first objective of these studies was to establish the genome constitution of widely -varying stocks of Tripsacum, and the cytological relationships between Tripsacum and maize.
NPP Grassland: Hays, USA, 1970, R1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This data set contains three ASCII files (.txt format). Two files contain above- and below-ground biomass and productivity data for a mixed prairie grassland, one file for an ungrazed treatment and the other for a moderately grazed treatment. The study site (38.87 N, - 99.38 W, Elevation 714 m) is located in the central Great Plains near the city of Hays, Kansas, about 400-km west of Kansas City. The third file contains monthly and annual climate data for the period 1891-1994 obtained from a weather station (38.87 N, -99.38 W, Elevation 613 m) located at the Hays grassland study site. Dynamics of above-ground living and dead plant biomass were monitored by the harvest technique at roughly 2-week intervals during the growing season of 1970. Total below-ground biomass was sampled at the same intervals by manual coring within the harvested plots to a depth sufficient to include at least 90% of the root mass. Data were collected as part of a coordinated study over 1-3 years at ten grassland sites of the central and western United States, under the US Grassland Biome Project of the International Biological Program (IBP). Annual above-ground net primary production (ANPP) was estimated conservatively by summing peak biomass of individual species. These values were 363 g/m2/year for ungrazed and 372 g/m2/year for grazed grassland plots. Annual below-ground net primary production (BNPP) was estimated as the sum of positive increments in total root biomass (including root crowns); 1,062 g/m2/year for ungrazed and 855 g/m2/year for grazed grassland plots.
Mobile News Experience

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile has become a mainstream medium for news consumption on the go. To cater to the growing demand for mobile news, traditional news providers have switched from “mobile too” to “mobile first” strategies. To enhance mobile news communication, it is imperative for mobile news providers to stay abreast of mobile news consumers' changing expectations of mobile news experience in a news app. It is equally imperative to identify the gap between news consumers' expectations and what mobile news experience is embedded in a mobile news app. Using a mobile experience index, the authors of this chapter have located the venue and extent of the gap through conducting a survey of mobile news app users and a comparative analysis of indicators of mobile news experience in selected news apps.
Analysis of workplace injuries in a dental school environment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Workplace injuries at the University of Queensland Dental School during the period 1992–1994 were assessed to determine their incidence, and the associated indirect costs, causal factors, and appropriate preventive strategies. Overall, dental chairside assistants experienced a higher incidence of injuries than students both on a per worker and per time basis. Of the injuries with a low risk of cross‐infection, burns and scalds from sterilizing equipment, and eye injuries in laboratories were the most common. This emphasizes the importance of wearing appropriate protective equipment in areas outside the treatment zone, and the need for signage and education. Common causes of sharps injuries were burs left in handpieces, two‐handed needle recapping, and cleaning of probes in the sterilizing room. Changes to techniques and equipment would prevent such incidents. A range of factors which contribute to the calculation of indirect costs following injuries in the dental workplace are identified.
Effects of music therapy on involuntary swallowing

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The present study was a pilot study concerning the effects of standard music therapy (MT) on involuntary swallowing movement. Swallowing movement was monitored in 10 elderly patients with brain disorders, who were inpatients requiring daily support for mobility and feeding. Swallowing movements were recorded using a pair of surface electrodes placed on the thyroid cartilage and chin. The electromyography (EMG) signals were transferred through a wireless amplifier. A swallowing movement was identified as short-polyphasic EMG bursts followed by slow waves. MT was conventionally provided for approximately 40 minutes, which included an introductory phase, songs and singing with patients, as well as rhythmic activities. The number of swallowing movements significantly increased during MT compared with the resting condition before MT (p < 0.001). A histogram of swallowing movements revealed that the swallowing rate was increased during the singing session in MT, although the patients did not sing during the session. We considered that MT was effective for disabled patients to facilitate involuntary swallowing, which is an important factor to prevent aspiration pneumonia.
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis with COX-2-selective inhibitors: a managed care perspective.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The development of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-selective inhibitors represents a major advance in the management of chronic pain and inflammation that may satisfy an unmet medical need for agents with improved gastrointestinal (GI) safety. This article is a review of the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and safety of COX-2-selective inhibitors in the managed healthcare setting. The efficacy of COX-2-selective inhibitors in relieving chronic pain from osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis is comparable to that of traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, the occurrence of GI complications may be less frequent in patients who receive COX-2-selective inhibitors than in patients receiving traditional NSAIDs. Thus, the use of COX-2-selective inhibitors for the management of chronic pain may reduce overall costs and provide an alternative with an improved safety profile compared with traditional NSAIDs.
The Realization of MUSIC Arithmetic Based on DSP

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper introduces the design of high performance DSP TMS320C6713 direction measuring system,especially describes design scheme and structure of direction measuring unit,and gives an introduction of MUSIC algorithm of DOA estimation.It adopts many measures to reduce calculation in effect.At last,puts forward a kind of brief and utility method to search wave crest during the procession of DOA searching.
Dashboard as a public transparency tool for management and planning data in Brazilian healthcare system

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Population Medicine considers the following types of articles:• Research Papers -reports of data from original research or secondary dataset analyses.• Review Papers -comprehensive, authoritative, reviews within the journal's scope.These include both systematic reviews and narrative reviews.• Short Reports -brief reports of data from original research.• Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level.• Study Protocols -articles describing a research protocol of a study.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.
Evaluation of the factors influencing labor outcomes in women with a history of abdominal delivery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: The rapid increase in the frequency of caesarean sections has led to the emergence of a special group of patients with a uterine scar who want to give birth through the natural birth canal. Repeated operative delivery is associated with high risks of both intraoperative and postoperative complications, therefore, every year the number of women with a uterine scar who prefer natural childbirth is growing. AIM: The aim of this study was to create a model that allows, based on a comprehensive assessment of risk factors, for predicting the outcome of childbirth in women with a history of abdominal childbirth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective analysis of 173 birth histories of women with a uterine scar after a previous caesarean section, delivered in the Chita City Maternity Hospital in 20212022. Three groups of individuals were designed for the study: Group 1 included 110 women delivered by caesarean section in a planned manner; Group 2 comprised 20 women delivered by caesarean section during childbirth, while Group 3 consisted of 43 women who gave birth through the natural birth canal. The groups were comparable in terms of nationality, age, material and social conditions of the patients. On the eve of delivery, all patients underwent general clinical and obstetric ultrasound examination, with the anamnesis details clarified. The data obtained were processed statistically using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0. RESULTS: Using binary logistic regression, a model was developed to predict the outcome of childbirth through the natural birth canal in women with a uterine scar, which takes into account statistically significant indicators such as gestational age, estimated fetal weight, parity, and the presence of chronic endometritis and weakness of labor activity in history. The sensitivity of the developed prognostic model is 0.86, the specificity being 0.70. The area under the ROC curve is 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.780.96; p 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive analysis of risk factors allows for predicting the outcome of natural childbirth in women with a uterine scar, which in the future will optimize the tactics of their delivery and prevent the development of complications in childbirth for the mother and fetus.
Game Analysis of Projects Bidding and Audit Supervision

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

After the promulgation and implementation of the"Bidding law", China launched its Tendering system, which plays an important role in promoting bidding activities on the standardization, ensuring quality, enhancing economic efficiency, preventing and controlling corruption. However, corruptions are still extensive and outstanding in the area of bidding. This article proceeds from current bidding situation and problems in China, applies the game analysis theory to the tenderees, the bidders as well as the audit departments. Finally, the recommendations are drawn to subsequent supervision before, in and after bidding on the basis of the aforesaid analysis.
Investigation of weak absorption and gain lines of some gases by the method of selective losses in a laser resonator

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The method of selective losses in a laser resonator was used in recording the absorption spectra of CO2, CH4, NH3, C2H2, and C2HD characterized by absorption coefficients down to 10–7 cm–1. It was found that quantitative measurements of the absorption coefficient could be made by this method. The same method made it possible to detect small amounts of isotopically substituted matter. Apart from weak absorption lines, we also observed weak gain profiles. Excited and short-lived states of the products of chemical reactions between radicals and molecules could be detected because of the high time resolution of the method.
Upper Bounds for the Average Error Probability of a Time-Hopping Wideband System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Ultra-wideband technology has been proposed as a viable solution for high-speed indoor short-range wireless communication systems because of its robustness to severe multi-path and multi-user conditions, low cost, and low power implementation. This paper proposes and analyzes a multi-user time-hopping system in which symbols are sent multiple times. A single-user receiver structure is proposed in which collisions with interfering users are discarded. Two formulas for the probability of error are derived. The first formula is a finite sum in which the number of terms grows with the number of symbol repetitions. The second formula is an integral that is well-suited to Chebyshev-Gauss quadrature as well as for allowing the derivation of bounds on the probability of error. Asymptotic formulas and upper bounds for the error probability are derived by letting various system parameters go to infinity. We evaluate the bounds numerically for some reasonable parameters and study their interplay with other parameters of interest.
Bronchoscopic Resection of Wallstent-Associated Granulation Tissue Using Argon Plasma Coagulation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 27-year-old woman with advanced relapsing polychondritis and severe tracheobronchial obstruction underwent successful removal of Wallstent-associated granulation tissue using the argon plasma coagulator. Patency of the left and right distal bronchi was restored without risk of damaging the structural integrity of the metal stents themselves. The argon plasma coagulator allows monopolar, noncontact application of a controllable high-frequency electrical current for coagulation and desiccation of inflamed, fibrous scar and granulation tissue. Using the proper technique, bronchoscopic applications are safe and effective. This instrument warrants further consideration for inclusion in the therapeutic armamentarium of the interventional pulmonologist.
Effect of Paclobutrazol and Flurprimido Application on Characteristics Related with Lodging of Paddy Rice Plant

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to find out the effect of paclobutrazol 0.6G and flurprimido 50wp application at 40 days before heading on the characters related with lodging and the growth and yield of paddy rice plants in 1983. The culm length were shortened by paclobutrazol and flurprimido applications and high level of suppression was observed in the 3rd to 5th internodes. Paclobutrazol caused thiner internode and thicker wall of internode than the untreated control, however flurprimido caused thicker wall of internode without change of internode diameter. The breaking weight of lower internode was higher by flurprimido application than those by the untreated control and paclobutrazol application. The lodging indexes effected by both chemicals were remarkably decreased, and also the field lodging was not observed. The leaf area indexes effected by paclobutrazol and flurprimido applications were increased because of the increasing of tillers and green leaves per stem in spite of shortening of lead blades. Paclobutrazol and flurprimido application out-yielded significantly the untreated control lodged at grain filling stage. However in conditions of untreated with no lodging, the yields of these treatments were significantly less than that of untreated control.
Electronic Commercial Contracts in Saudi Arabia: Legal and Regulatory Challenges

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study explores the legal and regulatory challenges associated with electronic commercial contracts in Saudi Arabia. As e-commerce grows globally, the Kingdom has witnessed rapid changes in commercial practices, necessitating a robust legal framework to regulate electronic contracts. The paper examines the historical development of e-commerce in Saudi Arabia, the regulatory framework governing electronic contracts, and the challenges that arise from their enforcement. Key issues include the compatibility of electronic transactions with traditional legal principles, the recognition of electronic signatures, and cybersecurity concerns that impact the validity and enforceability of these contracts. Additionally, the paper compares Saudi Arabia’s legal framework with international standards, highlighting gaps that hinder the effective regulation of electronic commerce in the Kingdom. Recommendations for reform include harmonizing local laws with global best practices and enhancing cybersecurity measures to foster trust in electronic transactions. The study emphasizes the need for legal clarity to support the growth of e-commerce while protecting both businesses and consumers in the digital age.
Production of Superplastic Mg Alloys Using Severe Plastic Deformation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) was conducted to refine grain size to the submicrometer level in three different Mg alloys having nominal compositions of Mg-0.6wt%Zr, Mg-9wt%Al and Mg-7.5wt%Al-0.2wt%Zr. It is shown that the grain refinement was successfully achieved when the alloys were subjected to extrusion prior to ECAP. Thermal stability of the fine-grained structures was examined by conducting static annealing experiment at various temperatures. Transmission electron microscopy was used for the observation of microstructures. Tensile tests were performed at elevated temperatures and it is shown that high-strain-rate and/or low-temperature superplasticity was attained in the alloys subjected to ECAP.
Cognition, Metacognition and Learning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article presents a theoretical review of the difficulty that exists in our days to understand and apprehend metacognition, given the problem that involves the construct itself. In addition, it is a complex concept to measure and to be able to apply it to the educational world and the teaching-learning process. This article discusses the importance of cognition and metacognition, as it establishes a clear difference between the two. A theoretical review of metacognitive research is presented, differentiating the existing research studies on control and the cognitive regulation from the research work that examines metacognition in the educational field. This article also reflects on the state of the metacognitive measurement and the difficulties to capture the metacognitive magnitude and scale as it relates to the capability to transfer these concepts to the educational world. It discusses viable ways to achieve a better development of the autonomy of the apprentices, being reflected in a "learning to learn" action that transcends the school environment and projects to all facets of meaningful learning.Cognition, Metacognition and Learning
Supplementary Table 1 from Evading Pgp Activity in Drug-Resistant Cancer Cells: A Structural and Functional Study of Antitubulin Furan Metotica Compounds

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>PDF file, 72KB, Selected Bond Lengths (�) and Torsion Angles (deg) for S-A8.</p>
Authoritarian legacies, transitional justice and state crisis in Portugal's democratization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The nature of the Portuguese transition to democracy and the consequent state crises created a 'window of opportunity' in which the 'reaction to the past' was much stronger in Portugal than in the other Southern European transitions. The transition's powerful dynamic in itself served to constitute a legacy for the consolidation of democracy. This article analyses how the nature of the transition affected the legacy of authoritarianism superseding and transmuting that regime's impact on the 'quality' of Portugal's democracy, and illustrating how the majority of 'authoritarian legacies' were more a result of the nature of the transition than they were of the authoritarian regime.
Evaporation Performance of a Plate-Type Heat Exchanger Embossed with Pyramid-like Structures.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new type of plate heat exchanger for water-refrigerant systems such as chillers has been developed. Plates embossed with pyramid-like structures are stacked up to form the heat exchanger. Measured heat-transfer coefficients (for convective vaporization) of the heat exchanger are about one and a half to two times higher than those of commercial herringbone-type plate heat exchangers. Moreover, its measured heat-transfer coefficients for water convection are generally in the higher range of values for conventional plate heat exchangers. It was found that the developed plate surface reduces the volume of the plate heat exchanger by nearly half, under equivalent heat-transfer rate and water-side pressure drop, compared to conventional plate heat exchangers.
<title>OCT monitoring of pathophysiological processes</title>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Based on results of clinical examination of about 200 patients we discuss capabilities of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) in monitoring and diagnosing of various pathophysiological processes. Performed in several clinical areas including dermatology, urology, laryngology, gynecology, and dentistry, our study shows the existence of common optical features in manifestation of a pathophysiological process in different organs. In this paper we focus at such universal tomographic optical signs for processes of inflammation, necrosis and tumor growth. We also present data on dynamical OCT monitoring of evolution of pathophysiological processes, both at the stage of disease development and following-up results of different treatments such as drug application, radiation therapy, cryodestruction, and laser vaporization. The discovered peculiarities of OCT images for structural and functional imaging of biological tissues can be put as a basis for application of this method for diagnosing of pathology, guidance of treatment, estimation of its adequacy and assessing of the healing process.