jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The rise of 'small globals': an empirical macro analysis

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Even decades ago questions were raised about the traditional internationalisation process models for their failure to explain 'born globals' and firms that internationalised rapidly and skipped 'stages'. The rise in the new millennium of 'small globals' or small firms that internationalised across multiple, often distant, international markets further demonstrates the explanatory limits of internationalisation process models. Notably, these models emerged in the 1970s and 1980s. The international environment, however, has undergone dramatic changes since the 1990s with the development of the internet, advanced technologies, globalisation, and free trade. Whilst the enabling effects of these changes on firm internationalisation are acknowledged, they have largely not been explained nor empirically developed. This paper, based on an empirical study of 12 New Zealand small internationalising firms, addresses this research gap by providing a macro analysis of how key changes in the international environment have enabled the rise of born globals and small globals.
Iron Shims outside the Helium Vessel to Adjust Field Quality at High Fields

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the development and demonstration of a novel technique of adjusting measured field quality at the design field in superconducting magnets. The technique is based on placing iron shims of variable stack thicknesses, variable width and/or variable length on the outer surface of the stainless steel shell at strategic locations. Since the shims are placed outside the helium vessel, adjustments can be made without involving major operations such as opening the helium vessel. It is a simple and economical technique which is suitable for long magnets with a fast turn-around. This allows one to reduce field errors well beyond the normal construction errors. The technique has recently been successfully applied in two 3.8 T, 80 mm aperture, 9.45 m long dipoles. These magnets were built at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) for the APUL project (Accelerator Project to Upgrade the LHC) as a part of US contribution to LHC. The paper will present the design, measurement and adaptation of this technique which, when used in combination with the coil shims, produced near zero sextupole harmonic at high fields and small harmonics throughout the range of operation.
Rule Learning, Memorization Strategies, Switching Attention Between Local and Global Levels of Perception, and Optimality in Avian Visual Categorization

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract There is much diversity of opinion about the differences between human and nonhuman animals in terms of cognitive abilities. This chapter reviews recent research that shows how visual categorization among birds transcends cognitive limitations that are sometimes attributed to nonhuman animals. This research on categorization is viewed from the larger perspective of two philosophical positions that inform discussions on knowledge, language, concepts, perception, and other themes relevant to research on categorization. The chapter suggests that each philosophy carries with it tangible implications for what is sensible research on cognition. Studies show that pigeons demonstrate flexibility in how they memorize exemplars. That is, they demonstrate memorization strategies; pigeons switch attention between local and global levels of perceptual analysis; and in some cases, pigeons achieve levels of categorization performance that approach optimality.
Exlamation! A response to ‘Novel Airway Devices: Spoilt for Choice?’, Cook TM, Anaesthesia 2003; 58: 107–10.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Removal of a tracheal tube has traditionally been termed ‘extubation’. I propose that removal of a laryngeal mask airway, which is rather a mouthful, should be replaced with the term ‘exlamation’. Would anaesthetists like to adopt this terminology?
Auditory selective attention is enhanced by a task-irrelevant temporally coherent visual stimulus in human listeners

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In noisy settings, listening is aided by correlated dynamic visual cues gleaned from a talker's face—an improvement often attributed to visually reinforced linguistic information. In this study, we aimed to test the effect of audio–visual temporal coherence alone on selective listening, free of linguistic confounds. We presented listeners with competing auditory streams whose amplitude varied independently and a visual stimulus with varying radius, while manipulating the cross-modal temporal relationships. Performance improved when the auditory target's timecourse matched that of the visual stimulus. The fact that the coherence was between task-irrelevant stimulus features suggests that the observed improvement stemmed from the integration of auditory and visual streams into cross-modal objects, enabling listeners to better attend the target. These findings suggest that in everyday conditions, where listeners can often see the source of a sound, temporal cues provided by vision can help listeners to select one sound source from a mixture.
Walking along the Story Road: Research on Relationship with Place

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article presents a new research perspective on Lithuanian ancient sacred sites. The author adopts the phenomenological approach instead of the usual historical one. The phenomenological approach is centered on human experience, thus the focus shifts from the archaeological artefacts or historical data to the stories and meanings behind them. The author of the article introduces a new term – story-places, as a different definition for places that we usually call sacred sites. This allows him to temporarily set aside the religious meaning of these places and apprehend them as objects of consciousness. The research focuses on folk narratives from two different places in western Lithuania. The first one is told by Bronislava Kučinskienė living near one of the most famous hills in Lithuania – Šatrija. Bronislava spins a complex story of her own experience while singing and dancing on top of the hill, combined with a legend about a girl encountering a witch. We learn that a folk story could be much more complicated than it seems from the first glance. It reveals different meanings of the place. On the one hand, Šatrija appears enveloped in a warm memory about activities this woman loved doing in the past. On the other hand, the hill seems unpleasant, even horrifying, when the story line turns to witches.The second case in point evolves around Kazimieras Sereckis and Stasė Sereckienė. This couple have spent all their lives in the vicinity of the Plateliai Lake. They can tell numerous stories about this place. Both of them have a strong relationship with the lake. They know this place very well: every part of the lake has a name, and Kazimieras knows them all. Moreover, the inner calm characteristic to this couple not only affects their stories, but also their relationship with the place. The couple seems to have some kind of joint knowledge – they always tell stories together, finishing each other’s sentences. On the other hand, the Plateliai Lake, like Šatrija, also has multiple meanings. While the surface of the lake is well known and familiar, the underwater space has a completely different meaning: it is attributed to the dead, to the underworld, which also is reflected in the stories told by Kazimieras and Stasė.The author of the article seeks to reveal the complex and uneven relationship between the human mind and the place. The phenomenological approach helps us to shift our attention and take a walk along the story road. If we look close enough, there appears a host of different meanings. No meaning is permanent – it can and it does change. There is no universal picture of a place in human mind, because every new encounter, every new story has a new perspective. This article proposes an argument in favor of using a phenomenological approach for researching the sacred sites. It focuses on people’s stories, since every place, before anything else, is a story.
Performance evaluation of inexact GMRES

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Iterative methods are aimed at sparse linear systems that arise in many applications (e.g., PDEs, biology, computer science, technology, engineering, etc). These applications give rise to matrices that differ in terms of structure and characteristics, and these ultimately impact the solvers. The Generalized Minimal Residual Method (GMRES) is a widely used solver due to its robustness. The inexact GMRES algorithm is a variant of the GMRES algorithm where matrix-vector products are performed inexactly, either out of necessity or deliberately, in view of trading accuracy for speed. Recent studies have shown that relaxing matrix-vector products this way can be justified theoretically and experimentally. Research so far has focused on decreasing the workload per iteration without significantly affecting the accuracy. But relaxing the accuracy per iteration is susceptible to increase the number of iterations, thereby increasing the overall runtime, which could potentially end up greater than that of the exact GMRES if there were not enough savings in the matrix-vector products. In this dissertation, we assess the benefit of the inexact approach in terms of actual CPU time derived from realistic problems, and we provide cases that shed instructive insights into results affected by the buildup of the inexactness. Such information is of vital importance to practitioners who need to decide if switching their vested work-flow to the inexact approach is worth the effort and the risk that might come with it. Our assessment is drawn from extensive numerical experiments on the Alabama Supercomputing Facility that gauge the effectiveness of the inexact scheme and its suitability to certain problems depending on how much inexactness is allowed in the matrix-vector products. We present many different applications throughout this dissertation and we show different structures and characteristics of matrices which are useful in the sense that linear system solvers sometimes do not converge to the correct solution if the matrices do not have specific properties. We apply some incomplete preconditioning techniques to our inexact scheme and we show that we could accelerate the convergence or even recover convergence that was lost from the restarted GMRES. (Published By University of Alabama Libraries)
A SHORT NOTE ON THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ISOSTATIC GRAVITY AND CO-GEOIDAL EFFECTS BASED ON AIRY–HEISKANEN AND PRATT–HAYFORD HYPOTHESES USING 1° AVERAGED TOPOGRAPHIC MASSES ON THE IDEALISED EARTH

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Two sets of computer-oriented formulae are presented to simultaneously determine both gravitational and co-geoidal effects due to 1° averaged topographic masses on the idealised earth on the basis of Airy–Heiskanen and Pratt–Hayford hypotheses for any thickness and depth of compensation of the Earth's crust. Computations are carried out for the entire Earth in two stages. Firstly for radial distances up to about 35° using the first set of formulae and the mean heights of 1° × 1°, 2° × 2° and 3° × 3° squares of latitudes and longitudes, and then for radial distances beyond 35° up to the antipode using the second set of formulae and the 1° × 1° mean heights of 4° × 4°, 5° × 5° and 6° × 6° squares. The two outputs are then combined to obtain the final required results.Related indirect gravity effect and displacement of C. G. for isostatic co-geoids are also included.
Mobile App for Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis-An Interdisciplinary Student Project for promoting Active Learning in Managerial Accounting and IT

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Active learning methodology is a pro-active teaching/learning strategy which involves dynamic participation by students and teachers through an experimental process. Active learning occupies students by enabling them to do things at the same time thinking about the things that they are doing; thus, resulting in learning-by-doing. Such leaning-by-doing inculcates a deeper level of subject or domain understanding in students and the students are likely to retain such knowledge for a longer period. Adopting the strategy of active learning, faculty members from two departments at Higher Colleges of Technology conceptualized an interdisciplinary student project - development of mobile application for Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis involving their students from respective departments of Business Studies (Managerial Accounting specialization) and Information Technology (Business Solutions specialization). This project was a collaborative learning process involving first year Undergraduate students enrolled in Managerial Accounting course, a core course in Business and. final year CIS students enrolled in Mobile Application course. In this project the business students played the role of functional experts, thus specifying the requirements of the CVP analysis application. The IT students assumed the role of technical experts, responsiblefor the development of the fully functional and tested application for the CVP analysis. The faculty involvement was on peripheral level at all phases of the project. The outcome of this collaborative effort was positive on multiple fronts - successful development of a fully functional software application, successful attainment of cognitive skills and knowledge transfer skills for students from both departments and finally successful creation of knowledge through process of innovation. Students from both disciplines confirmed higher confidence levels on successful completion of the interdisciplinary project.
Foraminiferal record and astronomical cycles: An example from the Messinian pre-evaporitic Gello Composite Section (Tuscany, Italy)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We report the first high resolution bio-magneto and cyclostratigraphical study on Messinian pre-evaporitic marine deposits (Gello Composite Section) from the Volterra Basin (Italy). Since the investigated deposits manifest no evident lithological cyclicity, cyclostratigraphical analyses have been based on: i) abundance fluctuations of Bolivina and Bulimina among the benthic foraminifera, Globigerinoides, Orbulina and Turborotalita among the planktonics; ii) CaCO3 content changes; and iii) Shannon-Weaver index variations relative to benthic assemblages. As a result, 19 precession-controlled cycles have been recognized. Moreover, the recognition of the C3An.1r, C3An.1n and C3r magnetozone and some bio-chronohorizons, have allowed the tuning of the studied sectionwith the ATNTS (Astronomical Tuned Neogene Time Scale) using the La2004 solution of the insolation curve. This multidisciplinary study strongly supports that the onset of evaporitic deposition in Tuscany and in other circum-Mediterranean type-successions, as the Abad Composite Section (Spain) and the Falconara Section (Sicily), was isochronous.
The new Era of non-Steroidal Mineralocorticoid Antagonists in Treating Heart Failure in Diabetic Kidney Disease Patients.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Inappropriate activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays a significant role in developing hypertension, the development of cardiac pathological changes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD), where death related to cardiovascular (CV) causes is the primary competing for the outcome to the progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with CKD. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a frequent comorbidity in patients with CKD. MR overactivation within the heart might cause coronary endothelial dysfunction, myocardial apoptosis, and reactive myocardial fibrosis and thus contribute to cardiac remodeling and its adverse consequences. MR antagonists (MRAs) are evidence-based therapy in symptomatic patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Finerenone, a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) with anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects, is a promising tool in treating heart failure in patients with T2DM and CKD. It is felt to have higher potency and less hyperkalemia than steroidal MRAs such as spironolactone and eplerenone. It is unclear and a matter of discussion if it could be first-line therapy in this group of patients. Conclusion: Nonsteroidal MRAs are currently tested in clinical trials. Based on preclinical and first clinical data, these nonsteroidal MRAs might overcome the limitations of today's steroidal antagonists.
Effect of Method of Irrigation on Intensity Attack Downy Mildew Peppers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of irrigation methods on the intensity of downy mildew peppers in terms of natural infection. On variants drip irrigation index diseases peppers was the lowest (2.6%), while the irrigation furrows was the highest (8.6%). The water in the furrows was very efficient the transferor infection. The most convenient way of irrigation in order to integral protection peppers from attacks Phytophthora capsici dropwise.
Development of Precision Instruments for Artificial Insemination of Queen Bees

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Development of Precision Instruments for Artificial Insemination of Queen Bees Get access Harry H. Laidlaw, Jr. Harry H. Laidlaw, Jr. University of California, Davis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 42, Issue 2, 1 April 1949, Pages 254–261, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/42.2.254 Published: 01 April 1949
THE THEATRICAL IMAGINATION OF ARTHUR RIMBAUD

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

THE THEATRICAL IMAGINATION OF ARTHUR RIMBAUD G M. MACKLIN G M. MACKLIN University of Ulster at Jordanstown Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Forum for Modern Language Studies, Volume XXIII, Issue 2, April 1987, Pages 131–150, https://doi.org/10.1093/fmls/XXIII.2.131 Published: 01 April 1987
Partitioning of interaction in analysis of variance

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A method is prese nted for th e analysis of data re prese ntin g fun c tion s of two variables , when the res pon se ca n be tabulate d in a rec tangular array.Th e procedure is based o n a partiti onin g of the row by column inte rac tion e ffe c ts into a s um of terms, eac h of which is th e produ c t of a row fac tor by a column fa c tor.The factors in eac h te rm a re est im a te d by a method involv ing th e ext rac ti on of c ha rac te ristic roots.Th e me thod co ntain s as s pec ial cases a number of proced ures used for th e handling of non•addi• tivity in tlVO way a rrays.It is ve ry use ful for th e fittin g of e mpiri ca l s urfaces, but is a lso appli ca ble to cases in wh ic h th e data d e pend on qu a lit a tive rat he r th a n qu an tita tive factors.Co mpariso ns with oth e r tec hniqu es are made a nd a n illu s tra ti ve exa mple is g iv e n.
Energy Efficient Multiresource Allocation of Virtual Machine Based on PSO in Cloud Data Center

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Presently, massive energy consumption in cloud data center tends to be an escalating threat to the environment. To reduce energy consumption in cloud data center, an energy efficient virtual machine allocation algorithm is proposed in this paper based on a proposed energy efficient multiresource allocation model and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. In this algorithm, the fitness function of PSO is defined as the total Euclidean distance to determine the optimal point between resource utilization and energy consumption. This algorithm can avoid falling into local optima which is common in traditional heuristic algorithms. Compared to traditional heuristic algorithms MBFD and MBFH, our algorithm shows significantly energy savings in cloud data center and also makes the utilization of system resources reasonable at the same time.
STIMULATION OF BRAIN ACETYL‐CoA HYDROLASE BY ATP AND ATP ANALOGUES

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract— The effects of ATP and ATP analogues on the brain acetyl‐CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.1) were studied. The enzyme was stimulated reversibly by ATP‐Mg 2+ the presence of Mg 2+ being absolutely required for the stimulation. The stimulatory effect of ATP was highly specific since adenine nucleotides other than ATP had no stimulatory effects and nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP stimulated the enzyme much less than ATP in the following order: ATP > ITP CTP, UTP GTP. A phosphate modified analogue of ATP, AMP‐PNP had a similar stimulatory effect to that of ATP. Other ATP analogues such as AMP‐PCP and AMPCPP showed less stimulatory effect than ATP. The order of the stimulatory effects of these ATP analogues was: ATP > AMP‐PNP > AMP‐PCP > AMPCPP. The concentrations needed for half‐maximal stimulation of ATP, AMP‐PNP and AMP‐PCP were approx 0.11 m m , 0.22 mm, and 0.22 m m , respectively. Double reciprocal plots demonstrated that ATP as well as AMP‐PNP produced a significant decrease in the apparent K m , value for acetyl‐CoA and an increase in V max indicating that these nucleotides increased the affinity for acetyl‐CoA through binding at a site other than the catalytic site. The data described above suggest that the rate of hydrolysis of acetyl‐CoA may be regulated by the concentration of ATP in the micro‐environment of the enzyme.
Abortive Phage Resistance Mechanism AbiZ Speeds the Lysis Clock To Cause Premature Lysis of Phage-Infected Lactococcus lactis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The conjugative plasmid pTR2030 has been used extensively to confer phage resistance in commercial Lactococcus starter cultures. The plasmid harbors a 16-kb region, flanked by insertion sequence (IS) elements, that encodes the restriction/modification system LlaI and carries an abortive infection gene, abiA . The AbiA system inhibits both prolate and small isometric phages by interfering with the early stages of phage DNA replication. However, abiA alone does not account for the full abortive activity reported for pTR2030. In this study, a 7.5-kb region positioned within the IS elements and downstream of abiA was sequenced to reveal seven additional open reading frames (ORFs). A single ORF, designated abiZ , was found to be responsible for a significant reduction in plaque size and an efficiency of plaquing (EOP) of 10 −6 , without affecting phage adsorption. AbiZ causes phage φ31-infected Lactococcus lactis NCK203 to lyse 15 min early, reducing the burst size of φ31 100-fold. Thirteen of 14 phages of the P335 group were sensitive to AbiZ, through reduction in either plaque size, EOP, or both. The predicted AbiZ protein contains two predicted transmembrane helices but shows no significant DNA homologies. When the phage φ31 lysin and holin genes were cloned into the nisin-inducible shuttle vector pMSP3545, nisin induction of holin and lysin caused partial lysis of NCK203. In the presence of AbiZ, lysis occurred 30 min earlier. In holin-induced cells, membrane permeability as measured using propidium iodide was greater in the presence of AbiZ. These results suggest that AbiZ may interact cooperatively with holin to cause premature lysis.