jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Biological study of naphthalene derivatives with antiinflammatory activities

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract In this study, 18 synthetic naphthalene derivatives were tested for their inhibitory effects on the activation of neutrophils stimulated with N ‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP) or phorbol myristic acetate (PMA). Some of these compounds showed significant antiinflammatory activities. In general, esterification of 1‐naphthalene to compound 14 (2‐hydroxymethyl‐1‐naphthol diacetate; TAC) enhanced the antioxidant activity. Compound 15, N,N ‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthylmethyl) amine, has moderate inhibitory activity on neutrophils stimulated with fMLP as compared to Mannich bases of naphthylene derivatives. Either substitution at 1 or 2 position, except TAC, disfavored the inhibitory effects evoked by PMA stimulation. The influence of these compounds on the release of granule enzyme lysozyme‐induced by fMLP was measured. TAC had the highest potency on the inhibition of lysozyme release from rat neutrophil degranulation. The effects of TAC on ionic currents in a mouse neuroblastoma and rat glioma hybrid cell line, NG105‐18, were also investigated with the aid of the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique. TAC caused an inhibitory effect on voltage‐dependent L‐type Ca 2+ current ( I Ca,L ) with an IC 50 value of 0.8 µM. The inhibitory effect of TAC on I Ca,L may not be caused by its inhibition of superoxide formation. Such an effect may, also in part, affect neuronal function. Drug. Dev. Res. 60:261–269, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molsidomine ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy complications in Wistar rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Diabetic neuropathy is a disorder that affects various regions of the nervous system and there is no specific treatment available for it. This study evaluated the protective effect of molsidomine in diabetic neuropathy in rats. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by administrating streptozotocin (52 mg/kg ip). Diabetic rats were treated with molsidomine 5 mg/kg po and 10 mg/kg po. After 8 weeks of treatment, motor coordination, mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, nerve conduction velocity, and glycosylated hemoglobin were assessed. Thereafter, animals were killed and the sciatic nerve was isolated for measurement of reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation, and histopathological analysis. Treatment with molsidomine significantly improved motor coordination, paw withdrawal threshold, mechanical threshold, and nerve conduction velocity. Furthermore, molsidomine treatment also reduced malondialdehyde levels and prevented depletion of reduced glutathione in the sciatic nerve homogenate. Histopathology revealed that molsidomine treatment maintained normal architecture of the sciatic nerve. The results of our study strengthen the alternative use of molsidomine in diabetic neuropathy.
The Effect of Resource Quality on Partner Compensation in a Biparental Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sexual conflict arises in biparental species because of the fitness payoffs of shifting the costs of care onto their partner. The negotiation model asserts that parents actively monitor their partner’s level of investment and adjust their own in response generally resulting in partial compensation when a member of the pair reduces their level of investment. The willingness of one parent to compensate for the other’s change is found to be widely variable. Habitat or resource quality available to pairs may explain such variation. It is predicted that the level of compensation by one partner will increase with decreasing resource quality. I tested this prediction with the biparental burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis. Under natural conditions, burying beetles apply costly social immune molecules to carcasses of small vertebrates to preserve nutritional value for young. The goals of this research were (1) to determine if males immunologically compensate when females are immunologically handicapped; and (2) determine the impact of resource quality on compensation. Changes in lysozyme-like-activity (LLA) and phenoloxidase (PO) production in oral and anal secretions were used to quantify social immune investment. Pairs were provided a mouse carcass of one of three qualities: freshly thawed, aged for 3 days, or aged for 7 days. As expected, female LLA decreased once injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) irrespective of carcass quality. Injections caused significant down regulation of oral PO in females. Male LLA increased as the quality of carcasses decreased when paired with handicapped females. Males showed no changes in PO across treatments or carcass types. My results demonstrate that males compensate for a change in maternal investment and the level of compensation increases as resource quality decreases.
Excavatory notes on the style of interior monologue in the Polish translation of Joyce’s "Ulysses"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article analyses the style of James Joyce’s interior monologue in ULYSSES and shows the degree of difficulty faced by translators, connected with the blending of third person narrative and free indirect speech exploiting features of colloquial spoken language in a written text. The resultant inexplicitness due to associative gaps and sparse punctuation affects interpretation of the text, as revealed in some problems identified in Maciej Słomczyński’s translation of ULYSSES into Polish. Due to morphosyntactic, lexical, and orthographic contrasts between the language of the original text, English, and the language of the translation, Polish, many nuanced meanings of the original text are ironed out in translation.
Grazing by large savanna herbivores indirectly alters ant diversity and promotes resource monopolisation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In savannas, grazing is an important disturbance that modifies the grass layer structure and composition. Habitat structural complexity influences species diversity and assemblage functioning. By using a combination of natural sites and manipulated experiments, we explored how habitat structure (grazing lawns and adjacent bunch grass) affects ant diversity and foraging behaviour, specifically the efficiency of resource acquisition, resource monopolisation and ant body size. We found that in the natural sites there was no difference in the amount of time ants took to locate resources, but in the manipulated experiments, ants were faster at locating resources and were more abundant in the simple treatments than in the more complex treatments. Ant body size was only affected by the manipulated experiments, with smaller ants found in the more complex treatments. In both the grazing lawn and bunch grass habitats there were differences in assemblage patterns of ants discovering resources and those dominating them. Seasonality, which was predicted to affect the speed at which ants discovered resources and the intensity of resource monopolisation, also played a role. We show that ants in winter monopolised more baits and discovered resources at a slower rate, but only at certain times within the experiment. Grazing in conjunction with season thus had a significant effect on ant diversity and foraging behaviour, with dominant ants promoted where habitat complexity was simplified when temperatures were low. Our results indicate that structural complexity plays a major role in determining ant assemblage structure and function in African savannas.
Development and validation of a prediction model for glucocorticoid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head by targeted sequencing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To develop and validate a prediction model based on targeted sequencing for glucocorticoid (GC)-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GA-ONFH) in GC-treated adults. Methods This two-centre retrospective study was conducted between July 2015 and April 2019 at Zhongshan Hospital (training set) and the Sixth People’s Hospital (test set) in Shanghai, China. All patients had a history of GC therapy, with a dose exceeding 2000 mg equivalent prednisone within 6 weeks. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they were diagnosed with GA-ONFH within 2 years after GC initiation. Blood or saliva samples were collected for targeted sequencing of 358 single nucleotide polymorphisms and genetic risk score (GRS) calculating for developing GA-ONFH prediction model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed to evaluate and validate the model. Results . The training set comprised 117 patients, while the test set comprised 30 patients for external validation. Logistic regression analysis showed that GRS was significantly associated with GA-ONFH (OR 1.87, 95% CI: 1.48, 2.37). The ROC and DCA curves showed that the multivariate model considering GRS, age at GC initial, sex and underlying diseases had a discrimination with area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.00). This model was further externally validated using the test set with an AUC of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.00). Conclusion Our prediction model comprising GRS, age, sex and underlying diseases yields valid predictions of GA-ONFH incidence. It may facilitate effective screening and prevention strategies of GA-ONFH.
Mitigation Evidence and the Ethical Role of a Defense Attorney in a Capital Case

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court decided Furman v. Georgia. This landmark case changed the death penalty in the United States. In Gregg v. Georgia (1976), the Supreme Court made it clear that mitigating factors were to be heard before sentencing to ensure individualized sentencing. Every defendant has a story, a family, a childhood, trauma, and celebration—a reason their life should be spared from execution. In a capital case, a defense attorney’s ethical role is to craft that story and articulate it in a way that enables the jury to have a complete picture of the defendant’s background and character as they decide his punishment. Mitigating factors are not an excuse for the defendant’s behavior, but rather an insight into who the defendant is and what has shaped his life. A defense attorney’s ethical duty in a capital case is to argue the case on all legal points and to present a thorough investigation of mitigating evidence. A thorough investigation of all such evidence is required by case law and explained by the standards set forth by the ABA guidelines.
Nutritional Pathways of the Intervertebral Disc

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pathways of material transfer to the intervertebral disc were studied in adult dogs by measuring diffusion of hydrogen molecules in the nucleus pulposus before and after disruption of the route through the annulus fibrosus and before and after disruption of the end-plate route. The interfaces was only in the central two-thirds of one side, caused significantly greater decrease in the rate of hydrogen washout than the disruption of the annulus route. Histologically, the bone-cartilage interface was frequently perforated by marrow cavity and vascular buds. These findings suggest that the end-plate route is a major pathway for material transfer to the intervertebral disc.
Drinking water treatment using in-line coagulation and membrane ozonation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This project is about water treatment through coagulation and water quality analysis. Ceramic membranes have been widely applied for water treatment. However, there has been a lack of focus on the optimization of the pre-treatment processes. Thus, the purpose of this project was to develop a clear understanding of the mechanisms that govern the water treatment effectiveness with ceramic membrane filtration system, particularly on pre-treatment. Jar test experiments were conducted to determine the optimal coagulant dosage, pH, and ozone demand for the different coagulants and reservoir water. The raw water samples used were Blended water and Tengeh water, while the coagulants used were aluminium sulfate (alum, Al2(SO4)3) and ferric chloride (FeCl3.6H2O). Various water quality parameters were measured to determine the optimal conditions and to establish correlations between the water quality parameters. The results from the experiments showed the respective optimal coagulant dosages for the tested raw water samples. The results also suggested that pH adjustment is not needed for the tested water samples. The ozone demand for the respective coagulated samples was also determined to optimise the ozonation process before water filtering through the ceramic membrane. The correlations between the water quality parameters were established to allow real-time smart control of coagulation/flocculation process based on the incoming water quality. This will significantly reduce energy and chemical costs and increase water recovery.
Complete Genomic Analysis of a Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolate Cultured From Ready-to-Eat Pork in China Carrying One Large Plasmid Containing mcr-1

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

One mcr-1-carrying ST34-type Salmonella Typhimurium WW012 was cultured from 3,200 ready-to-eat (RTE) pork samples in 2014 in China. Broth dilution method was applied to obtain the antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium WW012. Broth matting assays were carried out to detect transferability of this phenotype and whole-genome sequencing was performed to analyze its genomic characteristic. Thirty out of 3200TE samples were positive for Salmonella and the three most frequent serotypes were identified as S. Der by (n = 8), S. Typhimurium (n = 6), and S. Enteritidis (n = 6). One S. Typhimurium isolate (S. Typhimurium WW012) cultured from RTE prepared pork was found to contain the mcr-1 gene. S. Typhimurium WW012 expressed a level of high resistance to 7 different antimicrobial compounds in addition to colistin (MIC = 8 mg/L). A single plasmid, pWW012 (151,609-bp) was identified and found to be of an IncHI2/HI2Atype that encoded a mcr-1 gene along with 6 additional antimicrobial resistance genes. Plasmid pWW012 contained anIS30-mcr-1-orf-orf-IS30composite transposon that can be successfully transferred to E. coli J53. When assessed further, the latter demonstrated considerable similarity to three plasmids pHYEC7-mcr-1, pSCC4, and pHNSHP45-2, respectively. Furthermore, plasmid pWW012 also contained a multidrug resistance (MDR) genetic structure IS26-aadA2-cmlA2-aadA1-IS406-sul3-IS26-dfrA12-aadA2-IS26, which showed high similarity to two plasmids, pHNLDF400 and pHNSHP45-2, respectively. Moreover, genes mapping to the chromosome (4,991,167-bp) were found to carry 28 mutations, related to two component regulatory systems (pmrAB, phoPQ) leading to modifications of lipid A component of the lipopolysaccharide structure. Additionally, one mutation (D87N) in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) gene of gyrA was identified in this mcr-1 harboring S. Typhimurium. In addition, various virulence factors and heavy metal resistance-encoding genes were also identified on the genome of S. Typhimurium WW012. This is the first report of the complete nucleotide sequence of mcr-1-carrying MDR S.Typhimurium strain from RTE pork in China.
Effect of transport on population concentration on Podvelebitsko primorje

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

U radu je analiziran utjecaj prometa na prestrukturiranje naseljenosti u Podvelebitskom primorju.Pobliže su razmotreni prometno-geografski položaj, dinamika osuvremenjavanja prometne mreže, utjecaj prometne funkcije na razvoj sredisnjih naselja i kretanje stanovnistva povezano s tim.Izdvojen je prostorno (velebitska padina-priobalje) i vremenski (po međupopisnim razdibljima 1961.-1991.) diferenciran utjecaj prometa na kretanje i strukturu naseljenosti promatranog podrucja os pocetka 1960-ih godina.
[Preparation of low immunogenic porcine dermal scaffold and evaluation of its cytocompatibility].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The low immunogenic porcine dermal scaffold treated with MMP-7, genipin, and vacuum freeze-drying after decellularization, has good cytocompatibility. The growth of only a few fibroblasts in the dermal scaffold may be correlated with genipin, which increases tissue toughness.
System Identification Using Discrete Wavelet Transforms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A technique for extracting the impulse response characteristics of a linear, time-varying system has been developed and evaluated. It is shown that the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) can be used in conjunction with state-space methods to estimate the impulse response function of a system over short intervals of time. The order of the system is assumed, an estimate of the free response is subtracted from the observed total response, and the residual forced response is used in the convolution integral to compute the impulse response using wavelet analysis. The Fourier transform of the impulse response is computed to produce a bode plot of the observed system. A least-squares fit of the model to the observed bode plot (by iterating on the model poles and zeros) is performed using a non-linear regression method. Results are presented for a simulation that was conducted using a sum-of-sines input forcing function on a second-order linear system whose poles were changed over time.
Pilot Production and Field Trial of Heatresisting and Lyophilzied Newcastle Disease Living Virus Vaccine

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Six batches (77.5 million doses)of NDV vaccine were produced at Beijing Veterinary bio product pharmaceutical factory in pilot scale. Field trial was conducted at five poultry farms in Beijing, Tianjin and provinces of Hebei and Liaoning.87 thousands of chickens were immunized, and no visible by effects were found. The HI geometric mean titer(GMT) is high to 1:128～1:256 after 10～15 days of immunizing chickens. It is proved that the vaccine is effective and safe to chickens against the NDV infection .
Dopamine and Cu+/2+ can induce oligomerization of α‐synuclein in the absence of oxygen: Two types of oligomerization mechanisms for α‐synuclein and related cell toxicity studies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

α‐Synuclein oligomers can induce neurotoxicity and are implicated in Parkinson's disease etiology and disease progression. Many studies have reported α‐synuclein oligomerization by dopamine (DA) and transition metal ions, but few studies provide insight into joint influences of DA and Cu 2+ . In this study, DA and Cu 2+ were coadministered aerobically to measure α‐synuclein oligomerization under these conditions. In the presence of oxygen, DA induced α‐synuclein oligomerization in a dose‐dependent manner. Cu +/2+ did not effect oligomerization in such a manner in the presence of DA. By electrophoresis, Cu 2+ was found easily to induce oligomerization with DA. This implies that oligomerization invoked by DA is reversible in the presence of Cu 2+ , which appears to be mediated by noncovalent bond interactions. In the absence of oxygen, DA induced less oligomerization of α‐synuclein, whereas DA/Cu 2+ induced aerobic‐level amounts of oligomers, suggesting that DA/Cu 2+ induces oligomerization independent of oxygen concentration. Radical species were detected through electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic analysis arising from coincubation of DA/Cu 2+ with α‐synuclein. Redox reactions induced by DA/Cu 2+ were observed in multimer regions of α‐synuclein oligomers through NBT assay. Cellular toxicity results confirm that, for normal and hypoxic conditions, copper or DA/Cu 2+ can induce cell death, which may arise from copper redox chemistry. From these results, we propose that DA and DA/Cu 2+ induce different mechanisms of α‐synuclein oligomerization, cross‐linking with noncovalent (or reversible covalent) bonding vs. likely radical‐mediated covalent modification. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Present Scenario: A Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cysticercosis is one of the most important neglected parasitic diseases caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium. It is the most common cause of epilepsy in the areas with improper pig husbandry practices and poor sanitary conditions. In pig the larvae lodges in the muscle and subcutaneous tissue and seldom manifests any clinical sign. In human beings the larval stage resides in the CNS thus leading to the condition Neurocysticercosis. The disease can be diagnosed by using various neuroimaging techniques and immunodiagnostic methods. Available therapeutic options include cysticidal drugs, steroids, anti-epileptic drugs etc. The disease can be controlled by anti-parasitic treatment of the pig and humans residing in endemic areas, vaccinating the pigs, creating awareness and other measures.
Corrective osteotomy of the distal radius: dorsal or volar approach, closing or opening wedge.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The radiological outcomes of 31 corrective osteotomies for malunion of the distal radius were assessed. The procedure re-established normal anatomy in the majority of cases. There was no significant difference in outcome between the dorsal and the palmar approach, but more secondary procedures for hardware removal were necessary with the dorsal approach.
[Immunological interrelations between Shigella sonnei differing in enzymatic activity and colicinogenicity].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

For the first time immunological interrelations between S. sonnei differing in enzymatic activity and colicinogenicity were studied. Specific postinfectious immunity against Shigella pneumonia in intranasally infected mice was used as a model for testing S. sonnei strains, biovars II and III, with colicinogenic markers designated S5 and IE2, respectively. The development of homologous and heterologous immunity was shown to occur in the animals; immunity to the more virulent strain II S5 proved to be significantly more intense than in comparison with immunity to the less virulent strain III IE2. The unequal effectiveness of immunity to these strains (the more virulent were the strains, the more effective immunity they produced) was due to the fact that their populations contained different amounts of organisms in phase I responsible for infective action and immunity, and also, which was heretofore unknown, for the sensitivity of these bacteria to immunological action: the greater their virulence, the greater their sensitivity.