jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Earthquake effects on educational institutions and libraries of Azad Kashmir

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of earthquakes on libraries and educational institutions in the region of Azad Kashmir in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a review of the literature published in the newspapers, face‐to‐face and telephonic interviews and donor reports from the area. Inputs (people, knowledge, material, capital and finance), processes, outputs and feedback mechanism of libraries in Kashmir are described. Practical implications The barriers to implementing the strategies offered in this paper are essentially practical: resource constraints and related social or governmental factors. The paper suggests to strictly follow the building codes prescribed by the international standard bodies. The paper also suggests to strictly monitor the construction of the educational institutions and libraries and to control the corruption involved in contracting out the tenders, etc. This study attempts to highlight the importance of disaster management and training during such kind of disasters and preservation strategies for libraries. Originality/value The paper is useful not only to understand what strategies should be adopted during such kind of disasters but also to review the picture of the state of libraries and educational institutions post earthquake in Pakistan. The paper would be very useful to the Government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and the policy makers in the education department while implementing the building codes, planning disaster management strategies and the library staff in the affected areas.
A back propagation NN to optimize the IoT network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, effective network optimization is carried out for the internet of things (IoT) with backpropagation neural we can improve the performance. An application area is the Internet of Things, where a massive amount of sensor data has to be classified. In this paper, we have to use backpropagation to reduce the network error, and the particle optimization network is further used to obtain the optimal weight and threshold of the network. This paper shows better performance in terms of reducing error rate after implementing neural networks for network optimization. Therefore, there is enormous demand for network optimization in the IoT for dynamic resource allocation in any infrastructure. The simulation process and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison to pieces of the proposed approach for the optimization problem.
Food waste redistribution in Europe : a study on policy frameworks, and the socioeconomic and climate impacts of European Food Banks

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Das Thema Lebensmittelverlust und -verschwendung (LVV) wird derzeit auf hoher akademischer und politischer Ebene diskutiert. Dies betrifft sowohl dessen großen Beitrag zum anthropogenen Klimawandel, als auch dessen moralischen Dimensionen in Bezug auf Ernährungssicherheit und Sozioökonomie. In der EU werden jährlich 88 Millionen Tonnen LVV erzeugt, im Wert von 143 Milliarden Euro und Ursache für einen Ausstoß von 170 Millionen t CO2-Äq.. Durch die Umverteilung von Lebensmitteln kann LVV erheblich verringert werden, z.B. durch Food Banks (FB [Tafeln]). FBs verteilen überschüssige Lebensmittel aus der Lebensmittelversorgungskette über Wohltätigkeitsorganisationen an Bedürftige. Im EU-Paket für Kreislaufwirtschaft werden FBs als „Prävention“ definiert und gelten als Erfolgsmodell bei der Bekämpfung von LVV. Trotzdem schränken viele legislative und wirtschaftliche Hürden die Funktionsweise und Kapazität der FB ein.Diese Masterarbeit konzentriert sich auf fünf Case Study Organisationen (CSOs) in fünf EU-Ländern (AT, DK, FI, HU & PL) und beschreibt die politischen Rahmenbedingungen, ihre Einschränkungen und schlägt Erfolgsmethoden vor. Darüber hinaus werden die sozioökonomischen und klimatischen Auswirkungen der zivilgesellschaftlichen Organisationen analysiert. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die fünf CSOs im Jahr 2017 über 195.000 Tonnen CO2-Emissionen einsparen konnten: 27 Tonnen CO2-Äq. für jede Tonne die ihre Betriebe ausstoßen. Es wurde ein hohes Return on Investment von 10€ für jeden investierten 1€ gefunden, zusammen mit einer wirtschaftlichen Einsparung von über 90 Millionen €, auch ohne Berücksichtigung der sozialen Kosten von Kohlenstoff und des erheblichen sozialen Kapitals, die durch die Bereitstellung wichtiger sozialer Dienstleistungen entstehen.Durch erhöhte Investitionen in Food Banks können die EU und die nationalen Regierungen nicht nur LVV reduzieren, sondern auch die sozioökonomischen und klimatischen Herausforderungen in Europa kostengünstig mindern.
WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY: SUCCESSFUL MANTRA FOR MODERN ORGANIZATION

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Spirituality in the workplace has been widely discussed over the past few decades and is a much disputed field of inquiry that is gaining interest from practitioners and scholars. Previously, workplace was portrayed as a place where task fulfillment goals were of paramount importance. Over time, the definition of workplace has grown to include different geographical and psychological aspects. Nowadays, organizations are suffering from loss of business, strained customer relationships, delayed contracts and employee exits. Spirituality has now become an important tool for dealing with stress related problems and solving business issues. The purpose of this case study is to gain a better understanding of the direction in which this field of study is evolving and to gain a better understanding of the application of spirituality in the workplace and the role of HR in implementation.
Fabrication of Konjac Glucomannan-Chitosan Blend Films and Its Cytocompatible Evaluation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Konjac glucomannan-chitosan blend films were prepared by solution method.The performance of the films such as the water absorption were investigated.The cell compatibility of the blend films was studied by both hemolytic reaction and cultivating fibroblasts(NIH3T3) in blend film steeping fluid or on the surface of the blend film in vitro.Enzymolysis imitating in vivo natural condition of the konjac glucomannan-chitosan blend films were compared with that of chitosan film.Lysozyme could promote biodegradation of the blend film,and the blend films were biodegraded faster than chitosan films.MTT colorimetric assay results indicate that the blend film steeping fluid has no toxic effect to cell.Fibroblasts NIH3T3 observed with microscope and scanning electron microscope can be attached to the blend film well and grew vigorously.The hemolysis rate of the blend film is less than 5%.Results suggest that the konjac glucomannan-chitosan blend film has the properties of good biodegradability and cell compatibility.
Changes in Essential Oil Content and Composition of Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora Kunth.) Under Various Drying Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: Aromatic herbs and spices are sensitive to drying processes; thus, optimum drying is an essential requirement for attaining a high-quality herbal product. Objectives: The study evaluated the effects of drying conditions on essential oil content and composition of Lippia citriodora. Methods: In this study, leaves of Lippia citriodora were divided into two sets. The first set included immediate drying after harvest using the given drying methods and the second set included sun drying for 3 hours after harvest and then drying according to the given drying methods. The drying methods included oven-drying at 35, 45, and 55°C, microwave-drying at 100, 500, and 1000 W, and shade-drying in the laboratory. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Results: The drying methods significantly affected the essential oil content and composition. The maximum content of essential oil was achieved in microwave-drying at 100 W with the pre-drying operation. The highest contents of monoterpenes including monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes were observed in microwave-dried and fresh plants, respectively. In addition, the maximum amounts of sesquiterpenes including sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes were observed in oven-drying at 35°C with no pre-drying operation. In both pre-drying and no pre-drying conditions, the amount of limonene as a major monoterpene hydrocarbon was increased by microwave-drying. Although oxygenated monoterpenes including neral and geranial were decreased, the content of 1,8-cineol was increased after drying, especially without pre-drying. The maximum amount of curcumene as a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon was obtained in shade-drying without pre-drying operation. In pre-drying condition, the essential oil content and its components were more in the microwave and oven-drying procedures than in shade-drying. Conclusions: The microwave-drying at 100 W following pre-drying was the best drying method to achieve the highest quantity and quality of essential oil.
Syntheses and Ring Closure Reactions of 1-Aryl-4-acylsemicarbazides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ベンゾイル, フェニルアセチル, 2-フロイル, 2-テノイル, イソフタイルおよびテレフタロイルイソシアナートは, アシル基に関係なくフェニルヒドラジンのβ-位置素を攻撃して, 対応する1-フェニル-4-アシルセミカルバジドが生成する。これらセミカルバジド類は希塩酸あるいは希水酸化カリウム水溶液で処理すると好収率で, それぞれ対応する3-オキシ-1, 2, 4-トリアゾール体を, また加熱閉環すると定量的に1H-2, 3-ジヒドロ-1, 2, 4-トリアゾール-3-オン体を与えることを見いだした。この加熱閉環におよぼす置換基の効果を検討するため, ベンゾイルイソシアナートとp-置換フェニルヒドラジンとから得られた1-アリール-4-ベンゾイルセミカルバジドの加熱閉環を行なった。置換基がニトロ基の場合には, 置換基がない場合と同じく転移生成物の1H-2, 3-ジヒドロ-1, 2, 4-トリアゾール-3-オンを与えるのに対して, 置換基がメチル, クロルの場合には両トリアゾール異性体の混合物を与え, かつ, 3-オキシ-1, 2, 4-トリアゾール体が主生成物であった。また, 1-フェニルセミカルバジドの示差熱分析も行ない, これらセミカルバジド類の加熱閉環の過程を考察した。
Monitoring Steady Flow Effects on Cell Distribution in Engineered Valve Tissues by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In heart valve tissue engineering, assessment of cell migration under dynamic states can provide insights on the evolving tissue structure. We labeled human vascular smooth muscle (SMCs), endothelial (ECs), and bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) microparticles and visualized them using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under steady flow. We determined that vascular cells were able to remain reasonably viable and proliferate well after being labeled with SPIO microparticles (200 μg/mL) for 48 hours. SPIO-labeled cells were successfully visualized using T 2 * contrast. When physiologically representative shear stresses (5–6 dynes/cm 2 ) were applied to SMC-EC coculture–seeded scaffolds, hypointense regions seemed to have decreased after 2 weeks in some locations, whereas others revealed sustained levels of T 2 * contrast; similar observations were seen in the case of BMSC-seeded scaffolds. This could be attributable to increased out-of-plane cell migratory activity, which occurred from the fluid-induced mechanical cues received, which was not previously evidenced in static culture. Vascular cells and BMSCs were labeled with remarkably high concentrations of SPIO. Moreover, steady fluid flow enhanced intrascaffold cell migration of vascular SMCs and ECs as well as BMSCs, which, in turn, significantly improved construct cellularity and extracellular collagen content
Evidence for a Strong Hydrogen Bond in the Catalytic Dyad of Transition-State Analogue Inhibitor Complexes of Chymotrypsin from Proton−Triton NMR Isotope Shifts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We present here the first accurate measurements of 1H (H) versus 3H (T) isotope shift (DeltadeltaT-H = deltaT - deltaH) in a protein. This approach was used to investigate the strength of the hydrogen bond between His57 and Asp102 in the catalytic dyad of chymotrypsin in three transition-state analogue inhibited complexes: N-acetyl-l-phenylalanyl trifluoromethyl ketone (N-AcF-CF3), N-acetyl-l-valyl-l-phenylalanyl trifluoromethyl ketone (N-AcVF-CF3), and N-acetyl-l-leucyl-l--phenylalanyl trifluoromethyl ketone (N-AcLF-CF3). The measured DeltadeltaT-H values for His57 Hdelta1 in these complexes were between -0.63 and -0.68 ppm. These values are consistent with a strong hydrogen bond in each of these complexes, but not with a very strong hydrogen bond, which would be expected to have a DeltadeltaT-H. value near or greater than zero.
A taxonomy of parallel techniques for intrusion detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Intrusion detection systems (IDS) have become a key component in ensuring the safety of systems and networks. These systems enforce a security policy by inspecting arriving packets for known signatures (patterns). This process actually involves several tasks that collectively incur a significant delay. As network line speeds continue to increase, it is crucial that efficient scalable approaches, such as parallelization, are developed for IDS.
Aside from ancient Greek studies of the "good", more than twenty-five hundred years ago in the eastern part of ancient Persia a religious philosopher called Zoroaster simplified the pantheon of early Iranian deities [5] into two opposing forces: Ahura Mazda (Illuminating Wisdom) and Angra Mainyu (Destructive Spirit) that were in conflict.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Aside from ancient Greek studies of the &quot;good&quot;, more than twenty-five hundred years ago in the eastern part of ancient&nbsp;Persia&nbsp;a religious philosopher called&nbsp;Zoroaster&nbsp;simplified the&nbsp;pantheon&nbsp;of early Iranian deities&nbsp;[5]&nbsp;into&nbsp;two opposing forces:&nbsp;Ahura Mazda&nbsp;(Illuminating&nbsp;Wisdom) and&nbsp;Angra Mainyu&nbsp;(Destructive Spirit) that were in conflict.
Coupled Thermomechanical Computational Solutions for Stationary and Dynamics Rocking of all-metal Steel Belted Tyres

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

All-metal steel belted radial tyres (AMSBRT) for opencast handler super heavy trucks such as Caterpillar, Komatsu, Belaz and others are the basis of productivity and safety of automobile equipment work in mining industry. Supercomputer modelling of thermomechanical tyres states is proposed and main features of computational solutions are discussed. Computational experiments results match with spin test results with acceptable engineering accuracy. So it is possible to predict heat generation in any rubber points and also in metal cord threads during one or more wheel revolution under load.
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON WATER BALANCE COMPONENTS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND CROATIA

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The climate of Southeastern Europe, where Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and Croatia are located, is changing in line with the global trends.The spatial and seasonal distribution of precipitation is changing, while the temperatures increased 0.4-0.8o C on average compared to 1961-1990, most notably during summer (1.0-1.2 o C).Depending on the different Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios, the temperatures in this area are projected to further increase by 1.7-4.0°C.In order to understand the effects of climate change on regional water resources, it is important to assess the impacts of these changes on the components of the water balance.The aim of this study was to determine and compare the severity of changes in annual water balance between two climate periods (1961-1990 and 1991-2020).The results indicate that climate change has a different temporal and spatial effect.All areas showed a positive trend in mean air temperature (0.29-0.36 o C per decade), reference evapotranspiration (5.96-32.14mm per decade) while precipitation, total runoff, amount of snow and actual evapotranspiration vary depending on the location and time period.The key characteristic of the 1991-2020 period compared to 1961-1990 is the greater variation of all components of the water balance.
From Smoke Inhalation to Chemical Attacks: Acute Cyanide Poisoning in the Prehospital Setting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)—a cooperative program of the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)—designates cyanide a priority chemical in relation to the potential impact on human health and the environment. Like other IPCS priority chemicals, cyanide is highly toxic, is a transboundary safety concern, is a target for risk management in multiple countries, is produced in large quantities, has dispersive use, and poses a risk for human exposure (Table 1). Acute exposure to cyanide has caused significant morbidity and mortality in household and industrial accidents, as well as in suicides and attempted genocides, wars, and acts of terrorism. The most common, but perhaps least recognized source of cyanide in cases of acute poisoning is from smoke caused by fires. This review is the product of a collaboration among experts in prehospital emergency medicine, public health and safety, and disaster preparedness. Current understanding of the causes, consequences, and management of cyanide poisoning are described as a potential advancement in antidotal therapy that could transform the provision of prehospital care to cyanide-poisoned victims.
Decay dynamics of a giant atom in a structured bath with broken time-reversal symmetry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We study in this paper the decay dynamics of a two-level giant atom, which is coupled to a quasi-one-dimensional sawtooth lattice exposed to uniform synthetic magnetic fluxes. In the case where the two sublattices have a large detuning, the giant atom is effectively coupled to a single-band structured bath with flux-controlled energy band and time-reversal symmetry. This feature significantly affects the decay dynamics of the giant atom as well as the propagation of the emitted photon. In particular, the giant atom can exhibit chiral spontaneous emission and allow for nonreciprocal delayed light, which are however unattainable by coupling a small atom to this lattice. Giant atoms with different frequencies can be designed to emit photons towards different directions and with different group velocities. Our results pave the way towards engineering quantum networks and manipulating giant-atom interference effects.
Propensity Score Estimation to Address Calendar Time-Specific Channeling in Comparative Effectiveness Research of Second Generation Antipsychotics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BackgroundChanneling occurs when a medication and its potential comparators are selectively prescribed based on differences in underlying patient characteristics. Drug safety advisories can provide new information regarding the relative safety or effectiveness of a drug product which might increase selective prescribing. In particular, when reported adverse effects vary among drugs within a therapeutic class, clinicians may channel patients toward or away from a drug based on the patient's underlying risk for an adverse outcome. If channeling is not identified and appropriately managed it might lead to confounding in observational comparative effectiveness studies.ObjectiveTo demonstrate channeling among new users of second generation antipsychotics following a Food and Drug Administration safety advisory and to evaluate the impact of channeling on cardiovascular risk estimates over time.Data SourceFlorida Medicaid data from 2001–2006.Study DesignRetrospective cohort of adults initiating second generation antipsychotics. We used propensity scores to match olanzapine initiators with other second generation antipsychotic initiators. To evaluate channeling away from olanzapine following an FDA safety advisory, we estimated calendar time-specific propensity scores. We compare the performance of these calendar time-specific propensity scores with conventionally-estimated propensity scores on estimates of cardiovascular risk.Principal FindingsIncreased channeling away from olanzapine was evident for some, but not all, cardiovascular risk factors and corresponded with the timing of the FDA advisory. Covariate balance was optimized within period and across all periods when using the calendar time-specific propensity score. Hazard ratio estimates for cardiovascular outcomes did not differ across models (Conventional PS: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.81–3.18 versus calendar time-specific PS: 0.93, 95%CI: 0.77–3.04).ConclusionsChanges in channeling over time was evident for several covariates but had limited impact on cardiovascular risk estimates, possibly due to unmeasured confounding. Although calendar time-specific propensity scores appear to improve covariate balance, the impact on comparative effectiveness results is limited in this setting.
Abundances of disk and bulge giants from hi-res optical spectra: II. O, Mg, Ca, and Ti in the bulge sample

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Determining elemental abundances of bulge stars can, via chemical evolution modeling, help to understand the formation and evolution of the bulge. Recently there have been claims both for and against the bulge having a different [$α$/Fe] vs. [Fe/H]-trend as compared to the local thick disk possibly meaning a faster, or at least different, formation time scale of the bulge as compared to the local thick disk. We aim to determine the abundances of oxygen, magnesium, calcium, and titanium in a sample of 46 bulge K-giants, 35 of which have been analyzed for oxygen and magnesium in previous works, and compare them to homogeneously determined elemental abundances of a local disk sample of 291 K-giants. We use spectral synthesis to determine both the stellar parameters as well as the elemental abundances of the bulge stars analyzed here. The method is exactly the same as was used for analyzing the comparison sample of 291 local K-giants in Paper I of this series. Compared to the previous analysis of the 35 stars in our sample, we find lower [Mg/Fe] for [Fe/H]>-0.5, and therefore contradict the conclusion about a declining [O/Mg] for increasing [Fe/H]. We instead see a constant [O/Mg] over all the observed [Fe/H] in the bulge. Furthermore, we find no evidence for a different behavior of the alpha-iron trends in the bulge as compared to the local thick disk from our two samples.