jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
IDDF2019-ABS-0082 Microvascular invasion at primary resection guiding the therapeutic options of recurrent intermediate-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Treatment strategies for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (rHCC) are controversial. We used the status of microvascular invasion (MVI) at primary resection as a marker to choose the appropriate treatment options for rHCC patients in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B-C.

Methods

From Jun 2009 to Jun 2017, a consecutive 241 patients with postsurgical recurrence at BCLC stage B-C who received re-resection (RR), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or transarterial chemoembolization(TACE), were enrolled. Multivariate COX regression analysis was performed to identify the prognostic factors for post-recurrence survival (PRS). PRS, overall survival (OS) and costs were compared between RR/RFA and TACE according to MVI status. A one-to-one propensity score matching analysis was performed to reduce bias.

Results

For MVI(-) patients, the median PRS was 88.1 months for the RR/RFA group (n=20) and 21.1 months for the TACE group (n=49) with the HR=0.40 (P=0.014). The corresponding OS were 98.1 and 26.6 months, respectively (HR=0.34, P=0.003). For MVI(+) patients, the median PRS in RR/RFA group (n=35) and TACE group (n=137) were 15.9 and 10.7 months, respectively (HR=0.67, P=0.105). The corresponding OS were 23.5 and 16.8 months, respectively (HR=0.66, P=0.087). After matching, the dominance of RR/RFA over TACE remained in MVI(-) patients for both PRS (62.3 vs 18.5 months; HR=0.37, 95%CI=0.15–0.96; P=0.033) and OS (98.1 vs 33.3 months; HR=0.31, P=0.008). No significant difference was found in MVI(+) patients for either PRS (15.9 vs 15.6 months; HR=0.83, 95%CI=0.44–1.55; P=0.554) or OS (23.5 vs 28.1 months; HR=0.90, P=0.752). The cost of TACE group was significant lower than that of the RR/RFA group for both MVI-positive patients (P=0.007) and MVI-negative patients (P<0.001).

Conclusions

For MVI-negative patients, RR/RFA provided better survival than TACE while for MVI-positive patients, TACE was recommended.
Histopathology of intersexuality in mosquitoes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Masculine expressivity in several species of mosquitoes is dependent upon low larval rearing temperatures. At elevated temperatures femininity prevails in both sexual genotypes. This paper is concerned with the histological development of organs of genotypic males of Aedes stimulans (A. stimulans) and ix Aedes aegypti (A. aegypti) before, during and after their determination to a specific sexual form. Intersexuality of homologous and nonhomologous organs was shown to arise in a manner that has not been previously reported in insects. Homologous organs develop similarly in the two sexes up to a critical stage, after which divergent morphogenesis commences. This critical period occurs at an earlier stage of ontogeny in males than it does in females. At elevated temperatures and during their period of plasticity, organs of genotypic males developed in a feminine manner. Determination began approximately at the time of divergent development. If the temperature remained high at this time, organs continued their feminine development, but if the temperature was lowered before feminine specialization, masculinity quickly ensued. Nonhomologous organs that are found only in males were present during ontogeny of larvae which were reared at elevated temperatures. These organs reached a high degree of juvenile masculine specialization during the larval period, but then histolyzed during pupal development. Nonhomologous organs that are present only in females were also studied. Primordia of the median oviduct, spermathecae and related feminine parts were the ones selected. In genotypic males which were reared at high temperatures, the primordia appeared at the same time and developed in the same manner as did those of a normal female. When larvae were reared at elevated temperatures just long enough to activate these primordia and were then exposed to low temperatures, the discs developed into masculine genital appendages of abdominal segment eight.
Clinico-pathological correlations of bilateral femoral neck fractures in a 13-year-old girl

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A fatal case of bilateral simultaneous femoral neck fractures in a 13-year-old girl was reported. Post-mortem and histological examinations showed that avascular necrosis was not inevitable even in grossly displaced fractures. Fixation in valgus should be avoided in order to preserve the remaining inferior retinaculum.
Challenges Faced by Working Population During Lockdown in Response to Corona Virus Outbreak

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented social and health challenges on the working-classpopulation in India and across the globe. To mitigate the spread of the virus all the state and centralgovernment in India imposed lockdown in the society over the weeks or, in some cases months. Thislockdown has made a severe impact on the physical, psychological, financial, and social conditions of thepeople. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of lockdown amongst people on their personal life,work life and health conditions. Independent survey was conducted to collect the descriptive statistics from120 participants. Majority of the participants expressed that their life become difficult in lockdown. Thereis big challenge observed for women to manage children under 10 years of age. Work from home patternwas found favourable for those who are using computer and internet. Many participants were stressful andfearful as their job is at stake due to heavy financial loss to their employing organization. We have appliedchi square test to find out association and it was found that age and gender is not significantly associated withfacing challenges while other demographic factors are significantly associated.
Meta-analysis on the association between the insertion/deletion polymorphism of ACE gene and diabetic nephropathy among Chinese population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the association between the insertion(I)/deletion(D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene intron 16 (ACE/ID) and diabetic nephropathy(DN) among Chinese population by Meta-analysis. Methods Odds ratios of ACE/ID genotype distributions were analyzed in NIDDM or IDDM patients with and without DN. All the related studies on ACE/ID polymorphism and DN were identified while poor-qualified studies were excluded, and the risk of publication bias was estiMetad. The Meta-analysis software, REVMAN3.1, was applied for investigating heterogeneity among individual studies and summarizing effects across studies by proper statistical methods. Results The pooled odds ratios (with 95% CI) of DD vs ⅠD+ Ⅱ and Ⅱ vs ⅠD + DD were 2.17(1.74 - 2.70) and 0.49(0.36 - 0.66) in NIDDM(12 studies), 3.92(2.05 - 7.47) and 0.19(0.09 - 0.43) in IDDM (3 studies) respectively (P0.01) . Conclusion In both NIDDM and IDDM, ACE/ID polymorphism is believed to be associated with diabetic nephropathy. The number of DN patients with DD genotype has been increased while that with Ⅱ genotype decreased.
A randomised, double-blind trial comparing budesonide formulations and dosages for short-term treatment of eosinophilic oesophagitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of two different budesonide formulations (effervescent tablet for orodispersible use (BET) and viscous suspension (BVS)) with different daily dosages for short-term treatment of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE). Design Adults with active EoE (n=76) randomly received 14 days’ treatment with either BET 2×1 mg/day (BET1, n=19) or BET 2×2 mg/day (BET2, n=19), or BVS 2×5 mL (0.4 mg/mL)/day (BVS, n=19) or placebo (n=19) in a double-blind, double-dummy fashion, with a 2-week follow-up. Primary end point was histological remission (mean of <16 eosinophils/mm 2 hpf). Secondary end points included endoscopy score, dysphagia score, drug safety and patient's preference for drug formulation. Results Histological remission occurred in 100%, 94.7% and 94.7% of budesonide (BET1, BET2, BVS, respectively) and in 0% of placebo recipients (p<0.0001). The improvement in total endoscopic intensity score was significantly higher in the three budesonide groups compared with placebo. Dysphagia improved in all groups at the end of treatment; however, improvement of dysphagia persisted only in those treated with BET1 (p=0.0196 vs placebo). There were no serious adverse events. Local fungal infection (stained fungi) occurred in two patients of each budesonide group (10.5%). The effervescent tablet was preferred by 80% of patients. Conclusions BET or BVS was highly effective and safe for short-term treatment of EoE. The 1 mg (twice daily) dosage was equally effective as the 2 mg twice daily dosage. The majority of patients preferred the effervescent tablet formulation. ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02280616; EudraCT number, 2009-016692-29.
Analysis of the Hall effect and resistivity of noble metal alloys

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract It is shown that the inverse Hall coefficient of noble metals alloyed with B group metals can be separated into two terms, one proportional to the residual resistivity and the other associated with the band structure and anisotropy for phonon scattering. A rigid band structure for each B metal period of alloys is indicated by the analysis. Deductions are made concerning the anisotropy of relaxation time for impurity scattering.
Metastatic tumors to the breast: mammographic and ultrasonographic findings.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We evaluated the mammographic (n = 16) and ultrasonographic (n = 15) findings of 18 patients with metastatic breast carcinoma. Fifteen patients showed multiple or diffuse lesions and three patients showed single lesions. Ten patients (55.6%) had bilateral lesions. Mammography revealed high density (15 cases, 93.8%), round to oval (11 cases, 68.8%) lesions with poorly defined or obscured margins (12 cases, 75.0%). No associated calcification was found in any lesion. Ultrasonographically, poorly defined (8 cases, 53.3%), irregularly shaped (8 cases, 53.3%), hypoechoic (14 cases, 93.3%), heterogeneous (8 cases, 53.3%) lesions were predominantly distributed superficially (11 cases, 73.3%). Axillary lymphadenopathy was detected in six patients (33.3%). The longest diameter of most of the lesions was less than 2.0 cm (13 cases, 81.3%). We conclude that metastatic tumors to the breast appear as relatively small, superficially located, poorly defined, irregular nodules without calcification on mammography and ultrasonography. However, when the metastatic lesion is diffuse, the appearance is indistinguishable from that of inflammatory breast carcinoma.
Homogenization of Fiber Reinforced Brittle Materials: The Extremal Cases

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We analyze the behavior of a fragile material reinforced by a reticulated elastic unbreakable structure in the case of antiplane shear. The microscopic geometry of this material is described by means of two small parameters: the period ε of t he grid and the ratio δ between the thickness of the fibers and the period ε. We show that the asymptotic behavior as ε → 0+ and δ → 0+ depends dramatically on the relative size of these parameters. Indeed, in the two cases considered, i.e., ε &≪ δ and ε 3≫ δ, we obtain two different limit models: a perfectly elastic model and an elastic model with macroscopic cracks, respectively. © 2009 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
Development of Nitrided Layer during Nitriding of Steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The present work is devoted to research the influence of micro-structural evolution of the compound zone (iron (carbo)nitrides zone) upon development of hardness profiles in diffusion zone. A different phase structure of iron (carbo)nitrides zone on steel as compared to iron, further changing with the process, may result in upsetting the quasi-equilibrium of nitrogen concentration in the iron (carbo)nitrides zone/diffusion zone interface and may as a result have impact on the kinetics of this layer’s growth. Aimed at solving this problem there was a research carried out to evaluate influence of (carbo)nitrides zone, with intentionally created diametrically different phase composition, on hardness profiles in the diffusion zone. Based on the research conducted, it was shown that the evolution of phase structure of the compound zone contributes significantly, regardless of nitrogen potential and temperature, to the formation of the diffusion zone and in particular to its effective thickness. It makes this complex picture of nitrided case development on steel even more intricated.
Geochemical characterization of loess-soil complexes on the Terek-Kuma Plain and the Azov-Kuban’ Lowland

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The changes in the material composition of the buried soils and loesses in relation to the dynamics of the climate and sediment accumulation were studied for revealing the pedogenetic features and assessing the natural conditions in the steppe zone of the southern Russian Plain. A comparative analysis of the chemical compositions of the different-aged Pleistocene loess-soil complexes (the Otkaznoe, Port-Katon, and Shabel'skoe profiles) on the Terek-Kuma Plain and the Azov-Kuban' Lowland was performed. An increase in the concentrations of Fe and Mn, which are intensively involved in the biological cycle, and Rb, which is accumulated due to the activation of weathering processes, was observed in the paleosols that developed in interglacial periods of activation of pedogenesis. Increased coefficients of weathering (chemical index of alteration (CIA)) = [Al/(Al + Ca + Na + K)] 100, Al/(Al + Ca + Na + Mg), Rb/Sr, and Mn/Sr), leaching (Ba/Sr), and biological activity and bioproductivity (Mn/Fe, Mn/Al) were also noted for the paleosol horizons as compared with the loess horizons. It is argued that geochemical coefficients can be used as an efficient tool in the soil and paleogeographic studies aimed at the reconstruction and refinement of the schemes of changes in the bioclimatic conditions during the Pleistocene.
Strain Specificity of Clinical Isolates of Herpes Simplex Virus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) produces a wide variety of ocular disease in man. Although host factors are important in determining this variation, it is possible that the different clinical patterns of herpetic ocular disease may be attributed at least partially to the differing biological behavior of specific strains of HSV. To test this theory, we compared the anterior segment disease produced by infecting rabbit corneas with seven different strains of HSV. We found that these seven different strains produced different patterns of ocular disease in the rabbit eye. This also may occur in humans, and we hope to define the biological differences that cause one strain to produce disease more severe than that produced by another strain.
On the Graduates' Employment from the Perspective of Population Flow: Based on the Investigation of Some University Students in Central and Western Regions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes the graduates' from the perspective of population flow. The author analyzes the graduates' choices of urban-rural flow, regional flow, industry flow, urban-urban flow, the infeasibility of choosing after job employment and the permanent occupation.on the ground of graduates' regional flow, industry flow, rural-urban flow, urban-urban flow and so on. This paper points out that in a certain sense, the highly single-directed population flow is the real reason that results in graduates' difficulty. The fundamental factors leading to the phenomenon are demonstrated as income gap in different areas and fields in the background of binary economy and the household register system leading to the obstruction of graduates' flow and so on. The correct method of resolving graduates' problem can be started by narrowing the distance of binary economy.
Statin Use and Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background— Use of statins has been associated with an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like syndrome in 2 analyses of overlapping surveillance databases that record adverse events potentially related to prescription drug use. We assessed whether statin use is associated with the occurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron disorders. Methods and Results— We conducted a population-based case-control study in Northern Denmark, with a population of 1.8 million. From the Danish National Registry of Patients, we identified incident cases coded with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or other motor neuron syndromes during the period from 1999 to 2008. We selected 10 population control subjects matched to cases on sex, birth year, and calendar time. Statin use was ascertained in the prescription database in the region—and so recorded before diagnosis—and associated with disease occurrence by conditional logistic regression adjusting for covariates. We identified 556 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or other motor neuron syndromes and 5560 population control subjects. The odds ratio associating disease occurrence with statin use was 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 1.28). Recent users of statins, former users, and users of short or long duration had similarly near-null associations. Conclusions— Any risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with statin use probably is small, so outweighed by the important clinical advantages of statin medications to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.
Transversal pattern of the leaves of eighteen species of the genus Narcissus L. (Asparagales: Amaryllidaceae) in Spain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

espanolSe muestran datos sobre patron del corte transversal de las hojas e informacion adicional de 18 especies silvestres del genero Narcissus L. observadas y analizadas in-situ en Espana. EnglishData on the pattern of the cross section of the leaves and additional information on 18 wild species of the genus Narcissus L. observed and analyzed in-situ in Spain are shown.
Preliminary Observations on the Phytosanitary Status of the Croatian Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Collection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Preliminary surveys of citrus field trees in Croatia showed their unsatisfactory sanitary status especially with regard to the presence of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) even though symptoms in the field are mostly absent. The highest CTV incidence was recorded in the Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc), commercially the most important citrus in the country. The Satsuma collection orchard was founded in the year 2005 at the Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation. It encompasses 12 mandarin cultivars and 51 Satsuma clones from different sources. With the aim of assessing the phytosanitary status of Satsuma collection, biological indexing of all 12 cultivars for principal virus and virus-like diseases was performed. Seven citrus bioindicators were used ; Mexican lime, Madame Vinous and Pineapple sweet oranges, Sicilian sour orange, CRC grapefruit, Troyer and Carrizo citranges. Herbaceous hosts (white sesame, red kidney bean and Chenopodium quinoa) were also used for cool-climate pathogen detection. Serological tests (ELISA and DTBIA) were performed for CTV and Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) directly on 18 representative clones and on Mexican lime and Madame Vinous indicators. CPsV was not detected by serology while only 2 clones were CTV-negative, both in biological and laboratory tests. Furthermore, the most severe CTV strains displaying stem-pitting and seedling yellows in grapefruit and sweet oranges were found in 4 tested clones. No biological indication of other disease presence in the collection has been found so far. Further testing of the collection Satsumas is under way, as well as the sanitation of the most important cultivars.
CORRELATION BETWEEN BACTERIAL NUMBERS AND CARBON DIOXIDE IN A FIELD SOIL

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bacterial numbers, estimated by the plate method, and carbon dioxide were significantly correlated (r = 0.50–0.69) in field soil during 1955, in an experiment designed to test the effects of straw and crop residues on soil conditions. Differences in moisture, temperature, and soil treatment did not interfere with the correlation.
Fault Diagnosis of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the Historical Trajectory of Remaining Discharge Capacity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, the number of safety accidents in new-energy electric vehicles due to lithium-ion battery failures has been increasing, and the lithium-ion battery fault diagnosis technology is particularly important to ensure the safe operation of electric vehicles. This paper proposes a method for lithium-ion battery fault diagnosis based on the historical trajectory of lithium-ion battery remaining discharge capacity in medium and long time scales. The method first utilizes the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) to identify the parameters of the second-order equivalent circuit model of the lithium-ion battery, and then estimates the state of charge (SOC) of the lithium-ion battery using the extended Kalman filter (EKF). The remaining discharge capacity is estimated according to the SOC, and finally the feature vectors are used to diagnose the faults using box plots on the medium and long time scales. Experimental results verify that the root mean squared error (RSME) and mean absolute error (MAE) of the proposed SOC estimation method are 0.0049 and 0.0034, respectively. This method can accurately identify the faulty single cell in a battery pack with low-capacity single cells and promptly detect any abnormalities in the single cell when a micro-short circuit fault occurs.
Speech Disfluencies in Bilingual Lebanese Children Who Do and Do Not Stutter

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose: Prior studies have shown that bilingual children who do not stutter (CWNS) exhibit a high number of disfluencies in both languages, increasing the risk of misidentification by speech-language pathologists as children who stutter (CWS). Conversely, there is a risk of misidentifying CWS with a relatively low incidence of disfluencies as CWNS. This study aims to explore the qualitative and quantitative distinctions in speech disfluency profiles between CWNS and CWS. The assessment covers both the dominant and nondominant language to examine the impact of language dominance on disfluency patterns. Method: A total of 92 Lebanese bilinguals (70 CWNS and 22 CWS) from 4;06 to 7;06 (years;months) were included. Language dominance was determined based on parental assessments. Spontaneous and narrative speech samples were collected for each child in both languages and all stuttering-like disfluencies (SLD) and other disfluencies (OD) were coded. Results: On average, CWNS showed a significantly lower percentage of total SLD, weighted SLD, SLD subtypes, and iterations compared to CWS. However, the number of disfluencies of CWNS exceeded monolingual clinical standards. Language dominance did not impact SLD and OD percentages, but some differences for SLD subtypes emerged. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that repetitions and dysrhythmic phonations are good predictors for correct CWS or CWNS classification, in contrast to OD. A combination of predictors from both languages led to better classification than using predictors from either language alone. Conclusions: The current study shows that speech disfluency percentages in bilingual CWNS typically surpass monolingual standards and can be at par with those of CWS. However, through careful consideration of disfluency characteristics, ideally in both languages, an accurate differential diagnosis of stuttering in bilingual children can be achieved.