jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exchange rate reform and its inflationary consequences An empirical analysis for China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In examining China's exchange rate policy in the reforming years, the paper finds empirical evidence of its long-run inflationary consequences, but the effects appear to be not sizable. In the short-run, while changes in the devaluation rate are positively correlated with the increase in the growth rate of inflation, the inflation inertia is also modest. the moderate inflationary cost of devaluation provides some explanation of the smooth transition of exchange rate policy regime in China and the authorities' ability to put more weight on external competitiveness.
Cibercultura, Plataformização e suas consequências no âmbito da informação:

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To understande the relation between the human beings and the technology opened a path to cybernetic studies branches to other studies, such as cyberculture. What the earliers studies and the more recently have in common is the need to understand the relation of the human, and sociotechnical devices with the consumption of information in this environment. This paper aims to discuss how, from the very beginning of researches in cyberculture (Levy, 1999); (Jenkins, 2009), untill the platformization scenario (Van Djick, et al, 2018); (Saad, 2020) are reverberating nowadays in the consumption of multiple platforms and, in this way, one of the consequences is the existance of the eco chambers (Recuero, Vieira & Zago, 2020) in the distribution of information.
Healthy lifestyles - The efficacy of sport for health development initiatives for community health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter examines how, within the context of sport for development (SFD), organisations strategically leverage sport to promote positive health outcomes. Sport for Health Development (SFHD) programmes have typically been implemented in the Global South and attempt to reduce poor health indicators, raise health awareness, prevent disease, and improve life skills linked to health and well-being. SFHD uses sport as a mechanism to address issues related to health, often at the individual level. To overcome suggested limitations of current approaches and maximise sport’s efficacy in community health promotion, SFHD initiatives need to adopt a public health model and focus on community engagement to identify locally important health problems and valid solutions to focus programme activities, affirm local social and cultural contexts, empower local residents to design and manage programmes, leverage partnerships with non-sport organisations to build community capacity within a culture of health promotion, and incorporate robust evaluation plans.
Oral Air Pressure and Nasal Air Flow Rate on Levator Veli Palatini Muscle Activity in Patients Wearing a Speech Appliance

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study was designed to determine if levator veli palatini muscle activity can be elicited by simultaneous changes in oral air pressure and nasal air flow when a speech appliance is in place. The speech appliances routinely worn by 15 subjects were each modified experimentally by drilling a hole in the vertical center of the pharyngeal bulb. The air flow rate into the nasal cavity through the opening in the bulb was altered by changing the circular area of the opening in the bulb from the occluded condition (Condition I), to circular area of 12.6 mm 2 (4 mm in diameter; Condition II), and then to 38.5 mm 2 (7 mm in diameter; Condition III). Electromyographic activity was measured from the levator veli palatini muscle with changes in nasal air flow rate and oral air pressure. Levator veli palatini muscle activity was correlated with changes in nasal air flow and oral air pressure. Increases in levator veli palatini muscle activity were associated with increases in nasal air flow rate compared to oral air pressure changes. The results indicated that aerodynamic variables of nasal air flow and oral air pressure might be involved in the neural control of speech production in individuals wearing a speech appliance, even if the subjects exhibit velopharyngeal incompetence without using a speech appliance. Also, the stimulating effect of bulb reduction therapy on velopharyngeal function might be achieved through the change in aerodynamic variables in association with the bulb reduction.
Customer satisfaction vs frequent flier programmes in the airline industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Competition in the airline industry has intensified over the decade concurrent with the rapid growth in air travel. Two of the defensive strategies employed by airline companies to retain customers are customer satisfaction and switching barriers. In particular, a switching barrier unique to the airlines industry is the frequent flier programme (FFP). After a period popularity, FFPs have come under criticisms from users and airlines. As a result, airlines are turning their focus back to providing quality service and enhancing customer satisfaction. This research was conducted with the objective of comparing the relative strengths of customer satisfaction vis-a-vis frequent flier programmes at retaining customers A survey was conducted on passengers of Singapore Airlines and Qantas Airways to facilitate this and an index was created to analyse the data. The results reveal that FFPs have different effectiveness depending on their structure. On the whole, FFPs do affect the decisions of passengers but not as much as the original expectations. Despite this, airlines should not discontinue the programmes as FFPs have evolved to the point where passengers take for granted the membership.
Culturemes and plurilingual worlds in a splendid recent historical novel: Il sorriso di Caterina, madre di Leonardo by Carlo Vecce

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The paper suggests some Romanian solutions in translating the 15th-century realia belonging to the flourishing world of navigation, sea trade, Florentine and Venetian banking and manufacturing and so many other specific terminologies that the Neapolitan Professor Carlo Vecce offers us while reconstructing the biography of Caterina, the mysterious woman who gave birth to the genius of the Renaissance. ( Surâsul Caterinei, mama lui Leonardo da Vinci , traducere de Oana Sălișteanu, Humanitas Fiction, 2024).
The Reliability of the ‘Ortho Grid’ in Cephalometric Assessment

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The reliability of cephalometric analysis using the Ortho Grid was assessed and compared with that of traditional tracing, digitization of radiographs and digitization of tracings. A total of fifty lateral skull radiographs were read using each of these methods on two different occasions. Use of the Ortho Grid was found to be the most reliable method in five of the seven measurements investigated.
Spiritual Leadership and Intrinsic Motivation: The Roles of Supervisors' Developmental Feedback and Supportive Organizational Culture

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Organizational survival in today's dynamic and competitive business environment requires a holistic leadership approach that can intrinsically motivate employees to experience deeper meaning in their work beyond exchanging their labor for payment and fringe benefits. Anchored on self-determination theory, this study examines how spiritual leadership relates to employees' intrinsic motivation. Specifically, the study proposes a theoretical model in which supervisors' developmental feedback mediates this relationship, whereas supportive organizational culture moderates it. Using a sample of 448 employees from the financial sector in Kenya, results indicated that spiritual leadership, directly and indirectly, influenced intrinsic motivation, partially through supervisors' developmental feedback. Further, the results indicate that supportive organizational culture moderates the relationship between spiritual leadership and intrinsic motivation, such that the relationship is stronger when supportive organizational culture is high rather than low. Implications of these findings and recommendations for future research are offered.
A Dramatic Story of Hope and Reality

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation seemed to be so promising for patients with metastatic breast cancer. Advanced breast cancer was a devastating disease with limited treatment options. Though responses were frequent, long-term remissions were generally uncommon, and median survival was perceived to be short. Conventional-dose chemotherapy and radiation therapy were inadequate and surgery of limited practicality. Attemptstoimproveoutcomefocusedonthegrowingbodyof evidence at that time that increased dose intensity could overcome inherent tumor resistance, particularly with alkylating agents. A strong relationship of dose to response was demonstrated both in vitro and in early clinical trials in various solid tumors, but, ultimately, dose escalation was limited by bone marrow destruction and the resultant increased likelihood of infection and bleeding. The 1980s saw the development and accessibility of the necessary technology of hematopoietic stem-cell collection, cryopreservation, and storage. Advances in supportive care for patients with prolonged cytopenia and transient organ dysfunction also allowed for the widespread use of high-dose alkylating agent regimens and autologous stem-cell transplantation. This approach was applied to various chemotherapyresponsive malignancies, particularly leukemia, lymphoma, germ cell cancer, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer. Preliminary results showed high response rates, even in patients with relapsed and chemotherapy-resistant breast cancer, with relatively low rates of morbidity and mortality when the dismal prognosis of this group of patients was taken into consideration. A number of prominent cancer centers began to focus on this approach for breast cancer, and a number of moderately sized phase II trials were reported suggesting long-term survival that appeared superior to reported historical data. The degree of evidence for benefit was at least as extensiveasmanypriorestablishedtherapies,andhigh-dosechem
An Overview of Efforts to Bring Clinical Knowledge to the Point of Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

By bringing people the right information in the right format at the right time and place, state of the art clinical information systems with imbedded clinical knowledge can help people make the right clinical decisions. This chapter provides an overview of the efforts to develop systems capable of delivering such information at the point of care. The first section focuses on “library-type” applications that enable a clinician to look-up information in an electronic document. The second section describes a myriad of “realtime clinical decision support systems.” These systems generally deliver clinical guidance at the point of care within the clinical information system (CIS). The third section describes several “hybrid” systems, which combine aspects of real-time clinical decision support systems with library-type information. Finally, section four provides a brief look at various attempts to bring clinical knowledge, in the form of computable guidelines, to the point of care.
Frequency of thermostability variants: estimation of total "rare" variant frequency in human populations.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Eight erythrocyte enzymes were examined for thermostability in an unselected sample of 100 newborn infants. Three thermolabile variants, one each of lactate dehydrogenase, glucosephosphate isomerase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were identified, none of which was detectable as a variant by standard electrophoretic techniques. All were inherited. This frequency of 3.8 heritable thermostabiliy variants per 1000 determinations is to be compared with a frequency of electrophoretically detectable variants of 1.1 per 1000 determinations, a frequency of 2.4 enzyme-deficiency variants per 1000 determinations, and a frequency of 1.1 hypo/hyperactive enzyme-activity variants per 1000 determinations in this human newborn population. The total measured frequency of individuals with rare enzyme deficiency or electrophoretic or thermostability (or both) variants at these loci is 8.3 per 1000 determinations. A similar distribution and frequency is seen when the comparison is limited to the seven loci studied by all techniques. It is clear that not all of the electrophoretic and thermostability variants present in the population are detected by the techniques used in this study. Accordingly, it is estimated that the true frequency of carriers of a rare variant for each of these enzyme-coding loci averages greater than 10/1000. Some implications of these frequencies for human disease are discussed.
Distribution of a lectin in tissues of Phaseolus vulgaris

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The distribution of lectin in various tissues of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (var. red) has been investigated with the use of a sensitive solid phase enzyme immunoassay. Plants were divided into roots, stems and leaves with a further dissection of the stem into internodes. Isolated tissues, from plants 3‐10 weeks old, were screened for their lectin content, and the development of the lectin over this period determined. Stems and roots contained significant amounts of lectin, whereas the leaves only exhibited very low levels. Furthermore, a pronounced and differential increase in the biosynthesis of the lectin was observed in stem sections between 6 and 10 weeks, where the third internode displayed the highest lectin level.
The Universality of a Christian Philosophy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter examines two questions: To what extent is philosophy necessarily universal? Does the philosophy of those who belong to the worldwide community of Christians (the Catholica) distinguish itself in this respect? Beginning with some remarks about the universality of philosophy, the chapter also considers the relationship between philosophy and faith by focusing especially on its Christian versions. It argues that Christian philosophers are necessarily influenced by their faith and that the authenticity of Christian philosophers is not endangered by their faith commitment. The universality of philosophy can be approached from various angles, such as its subject matter, its claim, its audience, the thinker, its method, its language, and the soil from which it emerges.
Circulation Modeling for Proposed Port Facility at Ponce and Guayanilla, Puerto Rico

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This report documents a tidal and storm surge circulation study conducted by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center's Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory to evaluate the protection provided by the proposed construction of a deep-draft harbor facility in the ports of Ponce and Guayanilla, Puerto Rico. Impacts of the proposed construction were determined by conducting numerical simulations of tidal and storm surge circulation at the project sites using with and without the proposed port facilities, Differences in computed elevations and currents between pre- and postconstruction conditions are used to determine impacts. Numerical simulations utilize the long-wave hydrodynamic model ADCIRC. Conclusions of this study are twofold. First, simulations show that the harbors of Ponce and Guayanilla do not experience large tides or tropical and extratropical storm surges. Secondly, pre- and post project simulations of a severe tropical event show that project impacts are small (less than 1.0 m/sec) localized reductions in storm circulation currents which do not affect regions further than approximately 1 km from the proposed project sites.
RSO - A New Multiparameter Stacking Operator for An/isotropic Media

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Multiparameter stacking has become a standard tool for seismic reflection data processing. Although different traveltime operators exist, whose accuracy depends on the offset and reflector curvature, neither of these can account for anisotropy. We introduce the new, so-called 'recursive stacking operator' (RSO), which is derived from evaluating Snell's law at a locally spherical interface in an anisotropic medium. The operator is also applicable to isotropic media and converted waves. Examples show that the new method performs well for the whole range of reflector curvatures from nearly planar reflectors to the diffraction limit.
B-Spline deconvolution based on the Em algorithm

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

B-splines are considered for the decon volution problem of estimating a probability density function when the sample observations are contaminated with random noise. In the logspline method of density estimation, the logarithm of the unknown density function is approximated by a polynomial spline, the unknown parameters of which are estimated by maximum likelihood. Based on the logspline method, a fully automated procedure involving the EM algorithm, stepwise knot deletion and BIC has been developed for decon volution. Numerical examples using simulated data are given to show the performance of the B-spline deconvolution.
The Structural Relationship among enjoyment factor, physical self-efficacy and resilience of Participation in Survival Swimming Program of Elementary School

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship model of enjoyment factor, physical self-efficacy, resilience for elementary school student attended survival swimming program. In particular, this study is a basic study of activation plan for swimming education which is carried out in elementary school. These studies are also needed to establish educational objectives in elementary education. The subject of this study was 233 elementary school students were selected from registered in Seoul, Kyunggi area by the cluster sampling method. The data collected by survey research by 3 Questionnaires (enjoyment factor Questionnaires, physical self-efficacy Questionnaires and resilience Questionnaires). And Frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlations analysis and structural equation model analysis were executed using SPSS Statistics 23.0 Version and AMOS 23.0. As a result, the model verify of this study show that x²=69.767 df=32, p.001, TLI=.956, IFI=.969, NFI=.944, CFI=.969, RMR=.071. And the result of hypothesis verify show that significant causal relationship between enjoyment factor and physical self-efficacy(estimate=.264, T value=3.319***), physical self-efficacy and resilience(estimate=.242, T value=3.471***). And enjoyment factor and resilience(estimate=.552, T value= 7.576***). As the conclusion, first, it was discovered that the enjoyment factor of elementary school students in the swimming program had static influence to the physical self-efficacy. Second, it showed that the physical self-efficacy had static influence to the resilience. Finally, it showed that the enjoyment factor had static influence to the resilience.
Efficacy of BCG Vaccine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor. —Dr Colditz and colleagues1have reviewed and digested an enormous amount of data in producing their meta-analysis of the efficacy of BCG vaccine in the prevention of TB. However, there are major considerations that cast doubt on their conclusions. Among these considerations is the implication in the title and the text that there is only one BCG vaccine. Numerous authors have called attention to the fact that the BCG vaccines produced in different laboratories vary in almost every measurable characteristic.2,3Variations might be expected to occur in a vaccine that had to be subcultured as often as every 2 weeks from its release in 1922 until freeze-dried strains were developed in the mid 1960s.4Strains have been found to differ in their survival on culture media, colony formation, viability, drug resistance, DNA restriction fragments, virulence in animals, anti-TB and antitumor protection in animals, production
Relationship between PVA and myocardial oxygen consumption can be derived from thermodynamics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pressure-volume area (PVA) has been shown to be an excellent, linear index of myocardial oxygen consumption. The thermodynamic basis for this result, however, has not been elucidated. The present study was undertaken to determine what information could be gained from analyzing the cardiac pressure-volume (P-V) cycle as an approximation to some "ideal" thermodynamic cycle operating under the constraints imposed by cardiovascular anatomy and physiology. The myocardium was approximated as a linear, chemically driven elastance in accordance with the time-varying elastance model. Analysis provided descriptions of a Carnot cycle for myocardium and a suboptimal ideal cycle, including isovolumic phases. Further analysis of the ideal cycle indicated that the end-systolic P-V relationship (ESPVR) is an approximation to the adiabatic P-V trajectory that primarily determines total energy consumption. Analysis also indicated possible explanations of current results that seem to be at odds with the time-varying elastance model. These results suggest that thermodynamic cycle analysis may provide a useful analytic tool for investigation of the cardiac cycle.
Development of the triaxial equipment: a state of art

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Triaxial shear testing is one of the most crucial investigations in geotechnical laboratories. It is essential for designing specific projects and understanding soil behavior in geotechnical engineering. Since Casagrande developed the modern shear apparatus at Harvard University, it has been refined to provide a more accurate characterization of shear strength behavior. This research paper aims to offer a concise overview of triaxial equipment development, focusing on apparatus that is easy to set up, prepare, and operate reliably, while remaining cost-effective. The primary objective is to contribute to the accurate determination of suitable techniques and devices that meet specific testing objectives. We review the theoretical background of both the triaxial apparatus and the direct shear box and illustrate the basic working principles of various volume change measurement techniques using triaxial devices. We also present different operational principles employed in designing volume change devices for soil testing. Our analysis reveals that some of these devices require complex operational techniques and equipment, making them challenging to use for repetitive testing. Consequently, we conclude that the ideal volume change device for soil mechanics testing should prioritize robustness and ease of operation.