jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Simple PKE schemes from the TSPEM problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>In the quantum era, the advent of quantum computers poses significant threats to the security of current cryptosystems. Therefore, designing quantum-resistant cryptoschemes becomes important to guarantee information security. This work concentrates on the development of the post-quantum public key encryption (PKE) scheme. Non-commutative cryptography (NCC) has entered the field of post-quantum cryptography. We utilize the TSPEM problem with asymmetric structures (which serve as a potential candiate for resisting quantum attacks) to construct two PKE schemes which are demonstrated to be CPA security under the DTSPEM assumption. By representing the plaintext as a matrix, these schemes can effectively encrypt a significant amount of information in a single operation. Assuming an equal amount of messages for encryption, the proposed schemes acheive superior efficiency compared to existing PKE schemes. Structurally, our systems exhibit a level of synchronization and coexistence due to the distinct public keys $ (P) $ and ciphertexts $ (C_{1}) $. The efficiency analysis is conducted by comparing known schemes from the aspect of specific cryptographic indicators. Generally, the proposed ones offer several advantages including provable security, high efficiency, potential quantum-resistant, and relative ease of implementation; along with synchronization and coexistence. Our investigation has established the feasibility of constructing PKE schemes based on the TSPEM problem, specifically for asymmetric communication scenarios. The preliminary results pave the way for further exploration of the TSPEM problem$ ' $s potential in developing other cryptosystems suitable for quantum computing environments.</p>
Trade‐offs between operational performance and sales in a retail environment: The simultaneous impact of product variety on inventory levels, product availability, and sales

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Larger product assortments have been found to have both positive and negative impacts on firms that offer them. More product variety allows firms to increase sales by either selling to a larger customer base or by encouraging current customers to purchase more frequently and in greater quantities. However, more product variety is also associated with lower operational performance. In this research, we investigate the impact of product variety on firm performance in a retail setting. Using data gathered from a large retailer over a 32‐week period for 12 product categories, we develop a multiple stage regression model and find that the effects of product variety on inventory levels, stockout rates and sales differ across more hedonic and more utilitarian product categories. Furthermore, we find that the product variety decision itself is moderated by the hedonic or utilitarian nature of the product category. Implications of the findings for theory and retail management are discussed.
A Colorful Life: Scientific Achievements of Tomás Torres in the Fields of Phthalocyanines, Molecular Materials and Nanoscience

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Some of the most important achievements of Tomás Torres in the last few decades within the fields of Phthalocyanines and related compounds, Molecular Materials and Nanoscience are revised and his recognized international prestige in these areas highlighted on the occasion of his 65th birthday.
Statistical corner conditions of interconnect delay (corner LPE specifications)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Timing closure in LSI design becomes more and more difficult. But the conventional interconnect RC extraction method have over-margins caused by its corner conditions settings. In this paper, statistical corner conditions using the independence of variations between process parameters and between interconnect layers are proposed. As a result, the fast-to-slow guardband decreases by half in average, compared to the conventional method. The proposed method is ready for implementation to LPE tools.
Measurement of Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium for Binary System β- Caryophyllene + Linalool and Eugenol + Linalool at 30 and 60 kPa

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

he Covid-19 pandemic that occurred in 2019 had a significant impact on global health and economic problems.The virus has claimed millions of victims and reduced economic activity due to lockdown policies implemented in all countries in the world, including in Indonesia.However, of the many negative impacts due to Covid-19, there are also positive impacts, one of which is the increasingly massive research related to health so that it can assist in treatment [1].One of the commodities that are exploited for medicinal ingredients, both for pharmaceutical and agricultural purposes, are chemicals derived from plants.Indonesia, which is a tropical country with various types of plants, will certainly benefit from this.One of them is
Using a blind test to assess the discriminant power of morphological traits to distinguish between similar shrew species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The Canary Islands are home to a large variety of endemic fauna. The Canary shrew ( Crocidura canariensis ) has a distribution restricted to Fuerteventura, Lanzarote and the islets of Lobos and Montaña Clara. One of the main threats to the insular fauna is the arrival of exotic species. The greater white-toothed shrew ( Crocidura russula ) is an easily transportable animal and a potential competitor for C. canariensis . Therefore, C. russula should be taken into account in the management protocols for invasive species. One of the most easily applicable techniques for detecting shrews is the analysis of pellets. This study aims to assess which morphological characters are diagnostic and easy to use when identifying both species of shrews. For this purpose, a blind specific assignment has been made using seven previously described characters and another three added in the present study. The results show that the observer’s experience did not improve the correct identification rate and that only three of the evaluated characters have a high discriminant capacity. Finally, it was found that the combined use of the maximum number of characters and the identification by two independent observers reduces the probability of making a mistake in the determination to minimum values.
Porous Carbon Anodes in the cave KF˙2HF Electrolyte

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

CAVE is an acronym for Carbon Anode Vapor phase Electrochemical fluorination; it was called the Phillips ECF Process at Phillips Petroleum where it was developed. The cell body can be of Monel or of a mild steel alloy that resists hydrogen embrittlement. The cell body is the cathode and the cell is jacketed for temperature control. The circulating temperature control fluid is tempered to prevent freezing of the electrolyte on the cell walls. While it is contained within the pores of the anode it reacts with fluorine generated at the anode surface. Substrates include alkanes, cycloalkanes. chloroalkanes, acyl fluorides, ethers, and esters. Structural retention is high. An important problem is the "anode effect" or "polarization". The more permeable carbons are less prone to polarize this may be due to geometric factors.
CUTANEOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA- A CASE REPORT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a malignant neoplasm of the skin characterized by an aberrant 1 proliferation of keratinocytes. The usual presentation of skin malignancies include ulceration, growth, a change in mole, unusual form or bleeding due to various etiological factors. There exists a diagnostic challenge, as many benign conditions present similarly, thereby altering the treatment strategy. 2 Although Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma usually display a benign clinical behaviour, it can be both locally invasive and metastatic Here we report a case of an elderly female who presented with a proliferative growth in right forearm for the past 1 year, from a pre-existing mole, which on examination had features of all the three cutaneous malignancies resulting in a diagnostic uncertainty and which on further workup was diagnosed as a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma
The effect of berberine on arrhythmia caused by stretch of myocardium, in vitro, of rats after myocardial ischemia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To study the effect of berberine on arrhythmia caused by stretch of rats' myocardium,in vitro,after myocardial ischemia (MI) for 30 min.Methods The study was carried out in the laboratory of Heilongjiang traditional Chinese medicine university.A total of 40 Wistar rats were randomly (random number) divided into 4 groups,namely normal control group,berberine group、MI group and MI + berberine group.After perfusion of rat' s heart with Langendorff perfusion device,the model of MI was made with ligation of left anterior descending branch for 30 min.Berberine was dissolved in Tyrode' s solution to a concentration of 300 μmol/L.The hearts were stretched for 5 s by 0.2 ml.The effect of stretching was observed for 30 s to record 90％ monophasic action potential (MAPD90),premature ventricular beats (PVB) and ventricular tachycardia (VT).Quantitative data were compared with ANOVA.Qualitative data were compared with a x2 test.Differences with a value of P ＜ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results MAPD90 in normal control and MI group obviously prolonged after the hearts were stretched ( P ＜ 0.01 ).And MAPD90 in MI group was even longer than that of normal control group (P＜0.05).Berberine had no influence on MAPD90 before myocardiuml stretched (P ＞0.05),while it could reduce the degree of prolongation in MAPD90 after myocardium stretched (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜0.01 ).The incidence rate of PVB and VT in normal control and MI group increased after stretched.The berberine in dose of 300 μmol/L could reduce the incidence of PVB and obviously inhibit the occurrence of VT ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Berberine could obviously inhibit the occurrence of stretch-inducedarrhythmias after myocardial infarction.

Key words:
Berberine; Mechanoelectric feedback; Monophasic action potential; Myocardial infarction; Arrhythmias
Improvement on EVESPA for Beamforming and Direction of Arrival Estimation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an alternative estimation procedure of the generalized steering matrix of the sources in EVESPA, suitable for both beamforming and direction of arrival estimation. It is shown how the estimation of such a matrix can be restricted to that of its corresponding coefficient matrix in the signal subspace, providing both performance enhancement and computational complexity reduction. Performance comparison through numerical simulations is presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.
Life along the medieval frontier: archaeological investigations of the south-eastern long wall of Mongolia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Medieval Wall System (MWS), constructed in the tenth–thirteenth centuries AD across parts of Mongolia, China and Russia, was one of several long walls built along ancient frontiers in Asia. Despite a growing body of literature about this network of walls and trenches, many questions still surround its construction and function. Here, the authors present results of archaeological investigations on the Mongolian Arc of the MWS, revealing new construction dates and insights into daily life. Rather than a regimented defence, the MWS, at least in parts, was a symbolic boundary that endured within the social landscape long after it was abandoned.
Site-specific mutations alter in vitro factor binding and change promoter expression pattern in transgenic plants.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is able to confer high-level gene expression in most organs of transgenic plants. A cellular factor from pea and tobacco leaf tissue, which recognizes nucleotides in a tandemly repeated TGACG motif at the -75 region of this promoter, has been detected by DNase I footprinting and gel retardation assays. This factor is named activation sequence factor 1 (ASF-1). A cellular factor binding to the two TGACG motifs can also be detected in tobacco root extracts. Mutations at these motifs inhibit binding of ASF-1 to the 35S promoter in vitro. When examined in transgenic tobacco, these mutations cause a 50% drop in leaf expression of the 35S promoter. In addition, these same mutations attenuate stem and root expression of the 35S promoter about 5- to 10-fold when compared to the level of expression in leaf. In contrast, mutations at two adjacent CCAAT-box-like sequences have no dramatic effect on promoter activity in vivo. A 21-base-pair element containing the two TGACG motifs is sufficient for binding of ASF-1 in vitro when inserted in a green-tissue-specific promoter. In vivo, the insertion of an ASF-1 binding site caused high levels of expression in root. Thus, a single factor binding site that is defined by site-specific mutations is shown to be sufficient to alter the expression pattern of promoters in vivo.
Discriminating background from anthropogenic lead by isotopic methods

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The goal of this pilot project was to evaluate the practicality of using natural variations in the isotopic composition of lead to test for the presence of anthropogenic lead in soil, surface water and ground water. Complex chemical reactions in the environment may cause measured lead concentrations to be ambiguous indicators of anthropogenic lead component. The lead isotope tracer technique has the potential to identify both the presence and proportion of anthropogenic lead in the environment. The tested the lead isotope technique at Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska, on sources of suspected fuel contamination. Although the results are specific to this base, the general technique of using lead isotopes to trace the movement of anthropogenic lead is applicable to other CERCLA sites. The study had four objectives: (1) characterize the natural lead isotope composition of bedrock, stream sediment and soils; (2) characterize the isotopic composition of the contaminant lead derived from fuel; (3) evaluate the sensitivity of the isotopic method to distinguishing between anthropogenic and natural lead in soil and water samples and (4) evaluate the analytical feasibility and accuracy of the method at the Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory at the University of Washington.
Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma of the Penis: Report of the First Case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is an uncommon perivascular tumor, first described in 1942, occurring most frequently in the extremities (pelvis, meninges, head and neck), and rarely affecting the urogenital system. In 1870, Wagner published the first histological description of a Solitary Fibrous Tumor (SFT) of the pleura. It is now thought that the majority of lesions previously called hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) are essentially indistinguishable from solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs). Nowadays, the new WHO classification of soft tissue tumors categorizes most HPCs as SFTs. We report the first case of penile SFT-HPC in a 44-year-old man, presenting with a 3-year history of slow-growing penile mass. The patient underwent a tumor excision. Six months after surgery he is free of local recurrence and distant metastasis.
[The diabetic hand--complications of diabetes].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes mellitus is common in Western countries. Secondary complications in various organs occur after type 1 as well as type 2 diabetes. Complications, such as nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy, are well known. Specific efforts to treat complications in the lower leg--"the diabetic foot"--have been emphasized. Various complications to diabetes occur also in the upper extremity and hand--"the diabetic hand"--and include not only more specific diabetic-related conditions like limited joint mobility but conditions related to the non-diabetic hand, such as trigger finger, Dupuytren's contracture and peripheral nerve compression lesions are also seen. Following surgical treatment of the latter conditions extra care of patients with diabetes mellitus--for example physiotherapy and help by an occupational therapist--may have to be provided. This review describes complications in the hand in diabetes mellitus.
The first study of molecular prevalence and species characterization of Cryptosporidium in free-range chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) from Brazil

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Rearing free-range chicken is based on grazing feeding patterns, and these animals could be potential environmental contaminants of Cryptosporidium oocysts for humans and other animals. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the molecular prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in free-range chickens from Brazil. A total of 351 fecal samples from chickens were examined from 20 farms. For detection of Cryptosporidium spp., 18S rRNA gene fragments were amplified using a nested PCR reaction. Positive samples were sent for sequencing. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 25.6% (95% CI = 21.2% - 30.6%). Sequencing of the amplified fragments allowed for the identification of three species: C. meleagridis in 57 (62.6%), C. baileyi in 15 (16.4%), C. parvum in 3 (3.2%) samples, and a new Cryptosporidium genotype (C. genotype BrPR1) in 3 (3.2%) samples. Cryptosporidium genotype BrPR1 has not yet been classified as a species, and its host spectrum is not known. Cryptosporidium, including zoonotic species, exists at a high prevalence in free-range chickens within the region studied.
Inundation maps for the State of California

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

More than 20 tsunamis of different heights have impacted the State of California in the past two centuries. While some earlier 19th century reports are subject to interpretation, there is little question that offshore seismic sources exist and could trigger tsunamis directly or through coseismically generated submarine landslides or slumps. Given the intense coastal land use and recreational activities along the coast, even a small hazard may pose high risk. California presents nontrivial challenges for assessing tsunami hazards, including a short historic record and the possibility of nearshore events with less than 20 min propagation times to the target coastlines. Here we present a brief history of earlier efforts to assess tsunami hazards in the state, and our methodology for developing the first generation inundation maps. Our results are based on worst case scenario events and suggest inundation heights up to 13 m. These maps are only to be used for emergency preparedness and evacuation planning.
Influence of the food environment on obesity risk in a large cohort of US veterans by community type

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to examine relationships between the food environment and obesity by community type. Methods Using electronic health record data from the US Veterans Administration Diabetes Risk (VADR) cohort, we examined associations between the percentage of supermarkets and fast‐food restaurants with obesity prevalence from 2008 to 2018. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models with random effects and interaction terms for year and food environment variables. We stratified models by community type. Results Mean age at baseline was 59.8 (SD = 16.1) years; 93.3% identified as men; and 2,102,542 (41.8%) were classified as having obesity. The association between the percentage of fast‐food restaurants and obesity was positive in high‐density urban areas (odds ratio [OR] = 1.033; 95% CI: 1.028–1.037), with no interaction by time ( p = 0.83). The interaction with year was significant in other community types ( p < 0.001), with increasing odds of obesity in each follow‐up year. The associations between the percentage of supermarkets and obesity were null in high‐density and low‐density urban areas and positive in suburban (OR = 1.033; 95% CI: 1.027–1.039) and rural (OR = 1.007; 95% CI: 1.002–1.012) areas, with no interactions by time. Conclusions Many healthy eating policies have been passed in urban areas; our results suggest such policies might also mitigate obesity risk in nonurban areas.
Effect of a Virtual Reality Environment Using a Domed Ceiling Screen on Procedural Pain During Intravenous Placement in Young Children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Importance Distraction using virtual reality (VR) has been found to provide a clinically significant reduction in the experience of pain during various painful procedures. Commercially available VR systems usually require the user to wear a head-mounted display helmet, which can be challenging for young children, and whether VR can reduce pain during intravenous (IV) placement in young children is currently unknown. Objective To determine whether a VR environment using a novel domed ceiling screen reduces distress among children over the course of IV placement compared with standard care in a pediatric emergency department. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial was conducted from June 3, 2020, to February 8, 2021, at an urban tertiary academic children’s hospital. Included were children aged 6 months to 4 years undergoing IV placement in the pediatric emergency department. Intervention Children in the intervention group lay on a bed to experience a VR animation using a domed ceiling screen during the IV placement procedure, which was performed as usual. Children in the control group also lay on a bed during the procedure but did not view a VR animation. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was pain scores measured using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale at 4 time points during IV placement: immediately after the child lay down on the bed (T1), the moment the tourniquet was applied (T2), the moment a sterile alcohol swab was applied (T3), and the moment the needle penetrated the skin (T4). Results Of the 88 children included in the final analysis, 44 received VR distraction (median [IQR] age, 24.0 [14.5-44.0] months; 27 boys [61.4%]), and 44 received standard care (median [IQR] age, 23.0 [15.0-40.0] months; 26 boys [59.1%]). The median [IQR] FLACC scores at T4 were 6.0 (1.8-7.5) in the intervention group and 7.0 (5.5-7.8) in the control group. The ordinal logistic regression model showed that children in the VR intervention group vs the control group had a lower probability of higher FLACC scores (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.28-0.99; P = .046). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this trial indicate that displaying VR using a domed ceiling screen may be an effective distraction method that reduces distress in young children undergoing IV placement. Trial Registration isrctn.org Identifier: KCT0005122
Effects of bite force absence on alveolar bone absorption in osteoporosis rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the effects of bite force absence on alveolar bone absorption in osteoporosis rats by operation.Methods Forty three-month old Wistar rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group(SO),the loss of stress group(LS),the ovariectomized group(OVX),and the ovariectomized with loss of stress group(OVX+LS).Female castration and one side molar absence were prepared by operations.Levels of ALP,Ca and P of blood serum were determined at the 8th and 12th week after the operations,also the bone mineral density (BMD) was determined by the Dual-energy X-ray absorption method.Results ALP of blood serum was increased and the mandible mineral density was degraded in the OVX group,also the mandible mineral density was decreased more significantly in the OVX+LS group after twelve weeks.Conclusion Bite force absence aggravates alveolar bone absorption in osteoporosis rats.