jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SH1824934.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Characterization and Kinetics of Synthesis of 15S -Globin RNA, a Putative Precursor of -Globin mRNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Several authors (for review, see Darnell et al. 1973) have proposed that mRNA of eukaryotic cells is derived by processing from heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), a class of RNA with a high rate of turnover (Soeiro et al. 1968; Brandhorst and McConkey 1974), sedimenting between 20S and 100S (Scherrer et al. 1963; Georgiev et al. 1963; Warner et al. 1966). A number of reports have dealt with the detection of sequences specific for a particular mRNA in high-molecular-weight hnRNA. Polysome-derived globin mRNAs, with a chain length of 600–700 nucleotides, sediment at about 9S (Chantrenne et al. 1967). It has been reported that globin-specific sequences could be detected in duck erythroblast nuclear RNA and mouse fetal liver RNA sedimenting above 30S (Imaizumi et al. 1973; Williamson et al. 1973). In addition, Macnaughton et al. (1974) identified globin-specific sequences in duck erythroblast nuclear RNA sedimenting at 14S. On the other hand, Spohr...
Type I Error Rates For A One Factor Within-Subjects Design With Missing Values

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Missing data are a common problem in educational research. A promising technique, that can be implemented in SAS PROC MIXED and is therefore widely available, is to use maximum likelihood to estimate model parameters and base hypothesis tests on these estimates. However, it is not clear which test statistic in PROC MIXED performs better with missing data. The performance of the Hotelling-Lawley-McKeon and Kenward-Roger omnibus test statistics on the means for a single factor within-subject ANOVA are compared. The results indicate that the Kenward-Roger statistic performed better in terms of keeping the Type I error close to the nominal alpha level.
[X-ray computed tomographic aspects of tumors of the colon with peripheral extramucous development].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors report three cases of a palpable abdominal mass without clinical evidence of obstruction. In each case, ultrasound diagnosed a solid tumor. Computer tomography examination measured the density of the tumor and the extension of the disease. In each case, the colonic origin was established owing to surgery. Histological examination of the three cases diagnosed a fibroma of the caecum, an enterogenic cyst of the caecum and a T-lymphosarcoma developed from the wall of the left colon.
Comparable and Complimentary Modalities for Treatment of Small-Sized HCC: Surgical Resection, Radiofrequency Ablation, and Microwave Ablation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Over the past decade, there has been continual improvement in both ablative and surgical technologies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The efficacy of ablative therapy compared to surgical resection for HCC has not been thoroughly evaluated using multiple large-scale randomized controlled trials. By international consensus, if a patient is eligible, surgery is the primary curative treatment option, as it is believed to confer superior oncologic control. Objective: to determine the efficacies of percutaneous ablative therapies and surgical resection (SR) in the treatment of HCC. Data sources, study appraisal, and synthesis methods: A meta-analysis using 5 online databases dating back to 1989 with more than 31,000 patients analyzing patient and tumor characteristics, median follow-up, overall survival, and complication rate was performed. Results: Ablative therapies are suitable alternatives to surgical resection in terms of survival and complication rates for comparable patient populations. For the entire length of the study from 1989–2019, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) produced the highest 5-year survival rates (59.6%), followed by microwave ablation (MWA) (50.7%) and surgical resection (SR) (49.9%). In the most recent era from 2006 to 2019, surgical resection has produced the highest 5-year survival rate of 72.8%, followed by RFA at 61.7% and MWA at 50.6%. Conclusions and key findings: Depending on the disease state and comorbidities of the patient, one modality may offer superior overall survival rates over the other available techniques. Interventional ablative methods and surgical resection should be used in conjunction for the successful treatment of small-sized HCC.
Effects of Halothane and Enflurane on Ventricular Conduction, Refractoriness, and Wavelength

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background Effects of halothane and enflurane on ventricular conduction, anisotropy, duration and dispersion of refractory periods, and wavelengths were studied, and putative antiarrhythmic or arrhythmogenic properties on ventricles were discussed. Methods High-resolution epicardial mapping system was used to study the effects of 1, 3, and 5 vol% halothane and enflurane in 30 isolated rabbit hearts. Ten hearts were kept intact to study the effects on spontaneous sinus cycle length (RR interval), perfusion pressure, and the occurrence of spontaneous dysrhythmias. In 20 other hearts, a thin epicardial layer was obtained (frozen hearts) to study ventricular conduction velocity, ventricular effective refractory period (VERP in four sites) and wavelengths. Results Halothane induced a concentration-dependent lengthening of RR interval, whereas enflurane did not. Both agents slowed longitudinal and transverse ventricular conduction velocity with no anisotropic change. Ventricular effective refractory period was prolonged at 1 vol% and was shortened at higher concentrations, with no significant increase in dispersion. Ventricular longitudinal and transverse wavelengths decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Although changes in wavelengths could express proarrhythmic effects of volatile anesthetics, no arrhythmia occurred in spontaneously beating hearts or in frozen hearts. Conclusions The ventricular electrophysiologic effects of halothane and enflurane were slight, suggesting that both agents are unable per se to induce functional conduction block and therefore reentrant ventricular arrhythmias.
Salicylaldimine-Based Metal–Organic Framework Enabling Highly Active Olefin Hydrogenation with Iron and Cobalt Catalysts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A robust and porous Zr metal-organic framework, sal-MOF, of UiO topology was synthesized using a salicylaldimine (sal)-derived dicarboxylate bridging ligand. Postsynthetic metalation of sal-MOF with iron(II) or cobalt(II) chloride followed by treatment with NaBEt3H in THF resulted in Fe- and Co-functionalized MOFs (sal-M-MOF, M = Fe, Co) which are highly active solid catalysts for alkene hydrogenation. Impressively, sal-Fe-MOF displayed very high turnover numbers of up to 145000 and was recycled and reused more than 15 times. This work highlights the unique opportunity of developing MOF-based earth-abundant catalysts for sustainable chemical synthesis.
Marxian Political Economy: An outline

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This book combines a lucid exposition of the fundamental categories of Marxian political economy with an interpretive analysis of advanced capitalist development. Unlike neo-Marxist economists, who attempt to reinterpret Marx in the light of Keynes, Professor Becker adopts an unalloyed Marxist approach to the leading problems of political economy. The book forthrightly defends the labour theory of value, argues that its alleged theoretical weaknesses are groundless, and demonstrates its continuing analytic fruitfulness in the age of monopoly capitalism. In the same vein, the author explains the importance of orthodox Marxist conceptions concerning both productive and unproductive labour and productive and unproductive consumption. Professor Becker uses Marx's celebrated theorem concerning the tendency of the rate of profit to fall to analyse the current 'stagflation' crisis. He argues that officially announced goals of full employment and growth are impossible without structural change. This presentation of Marxian economics critically appraises those premises of utility maximizing and economic hedonism that often underlie conventional economic theory
Lack of Effect of Selenium On Induction of Tumors of Esophagus and Bladder in Rats By Two Nitrosamines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of differences in level of dietary selenium on the induction of esophageal and bladder tumors in rats by two nitrosamines was investigated. Groups of 20 female F344 rats were given a synthetic diet containing less than 0.05 ppm Se to which selenium (as sodium selenite) was added at the concentration of 0.35, 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1 ppm selenium. These four groups, plus one without added Se, were treated with 20 ml per rat per day, 5 days a week, of a solution of nitrosomethylcyclohexylamine containing 5 mg/liter. A parallel five groups were treated in the same way with a solution of nitrosomethyl-3-carboxypropylamine in drinking water containing 600 mg per liter, as drinking water. Treatment lasted 28 weeks, at which time some animals had developed tumors. A group of 20 rats fed 0, 1.4 and 2.1 ppm Se was not treated with carcinogen. Rats consuming 1.4 ppm or 2.1 ppm Se gained weight more slowly than other groups. There was no significant difference in survival between the five groups treated with each carcinogen but receiving different dietary levels of selenium. Neither was there any significant difference between groups receiving each carcinogen in the incidence of tumors of the esophagus induced by nitrosomethylcyclohexylamine or of tumors of the urinary bladder induced by nitro somethylcarboxypropylamine. Control rats on the synthetic diets did not survive as well as untreated rats eating regular chow diet. In these conditions there was no effect of dietary selenium levels on the induction of tumors in female rats by the two carcinogenic nitrosamines we used.
Simple, accurate, safe, and cost-effective percutaneous transperineal template technique for permanent 125iodine interstitial brachytherapy of prostate cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present the technique, intraoperative and postoperative complications of percutaneous transperineal template permanent 125iodine interstitial brachytherapy of prostate cancer. The percutaneous transperineal template permanent iodine interstitial brachytherapy under "C-arm" fluoroscopic guidance is a simple, easily-learned, accurate and rapid procedure which can be performed without subjecting the patient to celiotomy. We have treated 58 patients by the transperineal percutaneous permanent interstitial brachytherapy. 33 of 58 patients also had a staging celiotomy just prior to the brachytherapy. In the group of 22 patients undergoing brachytherapy without celiotomy and without adjuvant external-beam pelvic radiotherapy, there were no major complications. Blood transfusions were not required by any patients who underwent percutaneous transperineal permanent iodine interstitial brachytherapy without celiotomy.
First record of Calanthe aristulifera (Orchidaceae) in Korea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Here, we report a previously unrecorded species, Sin-an-sae-u-nan-cho (Calanthe aristulifera Rchb. f.). It was discovered on Heuksan Island in Jeollanam-do. Its natural habitat was a subtropical forest. The species can easily be characterized by the simple trichomes on the back of its leaves and spur. This species is important because new horticultural races of Calanthe can be developed by cross-breeding with other species of Calanthe.
PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS KAMBING KACANG DI KELURAHAN PENATIH DENPASAR TIMUR MELALUI DEMOPLOT PEMBERIAN KONSENTRAT YANG DISUPLEMENTASI AMONIUM SULFAT VS MINERAL MIX

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT In line with the regional government programs in sustaining the agricultural ? livestock farming system. An informative talk on enhancing performances and productivity of kacang goat was held at Penatih, Badung reegency on the 20th Dec. 2002. The aim of the community service is to fulfill the farmer?s knowledge and their technical skill in choosing and applying proportional feed stuff, especially using ammonium sulfate mineral as feed supplement on grass-legume based diet. This material which has the capasity to promote rumen microbial growth and their activity in digesting low quality diets. Composing and mixing concentrate diets has also been demonstrated and 4 dietary treatments were tested using 12 goats during a period of 15 days. Ration ( R) A contained 97% rice bran + 3% am. Sulfate; RB was 97% rice brand + 3% mineral miz; RC was pollard + 3% am. Sulfate and RD was 97% pollard + 3% mineral mix. Body weight gain were monitored through out the trial period. The result indicated that quality of ration caused improvement of performance and productivity of kacang goats. Body weight gain being increased to 0,067 ? 0,300 kg/head/day for diet A, C, and D, which the highest mean values of 0,217 kg/head/day were obtained for diet D. This situation may due to the present of ammonium sulfate plus zinc (Zn) mineral to the legumes basal diet, which can act as metabolic modulator . In general, most of the participants (90%) have a very good responses and acceptance for the beneficial information given to them.
Some Possible Attentional Aspects of Post-Stimulus Signal Processing

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Some possible attentional aspects of post-stimulus signal processing were investigated in a modified masked-signal detection paradigm. The signal was a 1000-Hz sinusoidal waveform 20 msec in duration and sated at positive zero-crossing of the waveform. The signal was masked by a broad-band (360–3360 Hz) Gaussian noise. The effect of a decrease in the amplitude of the masking noise, when confined to a limited frequency range, was investigated in terms of both the frequency range of the change and the temporal relationship between the offset of the signal observation interval and the onset of the decrease. An immediate decrease in masking noise in frequency regions outside the critical band of the signal decreased detectability.
How do experts engage in China’s local climate governance? A case study of Guangdong Province

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Taking Guangdong Province as a case study, this paper examines the ways in which experts engage in China’s local climate governance. The paper first explains that most prominent experts in Guangdong’s climate governance are those who work in semiofficial institutions or universities. The paper then illuminates the policy work of Guangdong experts by scrutinizing their engagement with three national policy pilot programmes promulgated by China’s National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC): the low-carbon provincial pilot programme, the emissions inventory, and the emissions trading scheme. Lastly, in order to contextualize the knowledge–policy interface in the Chinese authoritarian context, the paper adopts the notion of the ‘politics of knowledge’ to explain how the political environment and local authorities’ considerations influence the conduct of experts in China’s local climate governance. While the previous literature mainly focuses on the role of experts in policy formulation, this study extends the understanding of the role of experts in climate governance by detailing the contribution of Guangdong experts to practically all of the stages of the policy process, including the capacity building, policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation phases of the policy cycle.
Antibiotic Resistance and Production of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases by Clinical Gram-negative Bacteria in Benin

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Aims: The aim of this work was to determine the resistance profile and to investigate the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) by clinically relevant Gram-negative Bacillus (GNB) strains. Methodology: About 191 strains were isolated from 1823 samples collected at the HKM National Hospital and University Center of Cotonou (Benin). Species identification was done with the Api 20th gallery. Two methods were used to search for β-lactamase production: the liquid acidimetric test for penicillinases and double halo method for ESBL. The susceptibility to conventional antibiotic molecules was investigated by the disk diffusion method. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to identify blaTEM and blaSHV genes in the β-lactamases. Results: A prevalence of 10.48% of GNB was recorded. Among the isolated strains, 51.31% came from samples collected from in-patients and 48.69% from out-patients’ samples. The most contaminated samples were urine (43.98%), pus (34.58%) and blood (9.42%). Majority of the isolated species included: Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.27%), Acinetobacter spp. (18.32%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.72%), Escherichia coli (14.15%) and Enterobacter cloacae (12.04%). More than the half (57.07%) of the strains produced penicillinases; whereas 16.76% were ESBL-producers and these occurred only among Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter agglomerans. The ESBL-producing strains were cross-resistant to beta-lactams. Imipenem is the most effective antibiotic on all isolated strains. ESBL-producing GNB strains possessed both the blaTEM gene and the blaSHV gene in a proportion of 25%; 37.5% of the strains had only the blaTEM gene and 12.5% of the strains had only the blaSHV gene. Conclusion: ESBL-producing strains of K. pneumonia in the hospital environment were the major carriers of blaTEM and blaSHV. Given this situation, it is necessary to continue research to identify resistance genes.
Transgenic Detection of Tomato Cultivars in Shandong Province using Qualitative PCR Technique

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Using qualitative PCR technique,the exogenous gene 35S promoter,NPT II gene and NOS terminator detection of 22 tomato cultivars in Shandong Province was conducted,with one tomato cultivar(Huafan No.1) using as positive control and one tomato cultivar(Maofen No.802) using as negative control.Results showed that the expected DNA segment can be obtained steadily through amplification.However,21 tomato cultivars and the negative control can not be got through amplification.The specific DNA segments of195 bp,180 bp,263 bp and 274 bp was amplified from Ruifen tomato cultivar,which preliminarily indicated that the exogenous gene was in genome of the tomato cultivar.
Nephrocystin-3 is required for ciliary function in zebrafish embryos

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is the most frequent genetic cause of end-stage renal failure in the first three decades of life. It is characterized primarily by renal cysts with extrarenal involvements of the eye and brain. Ten recessive genes responsible for NPHP have been identified by positional cloning. This discovery supported a unifying theory of renal cystic disease, which states that all proteins mutated in cystic kidney diseases of human, mice, or zebrafish are expressed in primary cilia of renal epithelial cells. Mutations in nephrocystin-3 (NPHP3) are the cause of human nephronophthisis type 3 and polycystic kidney disease (pcy) mouse mutants. To study the functional role of NPHP3 in normal embryonic development and in the pathogenesis of cystic kidney disease, we characterized the zebrafish ortholog nphp3 by morpholino oligo (MO)-mediated knockdown. When nphp3 function was suppressed by either of the two MOs blocking the translation of the protein or the splicing of mRNA, zebrafish embryos displayed hydrocephalus and pronephric cysts. Knockdown of nphp3 also led to situs inversus phenotypes due to defective cilia at Kupffer's vesicle. We showed that nphp3 genetically interacts with nphp2/inversin and human NPHP3 localizes to primary cilia in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Like nphp2/inversin, nphp3 knockdown affected morphogenic cell movement during gastrulation, suggesting nphp3 is essential to regulate convergent extension. Thus nphp3, cooperating with nphp2/inversin, plays an essential role related to ciliary function, and the knockdown provides an animal model that may be used for studies of the pathogenesis and therapy for this disease.
The ability of the ECB to control inflation in a global environment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we study the global determinants of euro area inflation and show that they are large - they explain around 50% of inflation dynamics – and make it impossible for the ECB to fully control headline inflation. Nevertheless, we show that the ECB retains some control on the domestic part of euro area inflation. We therefore argue in favour of a change in the inflation target pursued by the ECB. Unless a change occurs, the ECB should promote cooperation with other central banks in order to match its CPI inflation target at 2% as 40 to 50% of CPI determinants is related to foreign yields and foreign output growths.
Preparing Elementary English Teachers: Innovations at Pre-service Level

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The teaching of English for Young Learners has become a global phenomenon, but many countries are facing dilemma in terms of teacher preparation (Nunan, 2003; Kaplan, Baldauf, & Kamwangamalu, 2011). Indonesia is of no exception. Its pre-service system has not been adequate to sufficiently prepare elementary English teachers with knowledge and skills pertaining to their occupational needs. Moreover, systematic ways to overhaul the pre-service system remain yet to be seen. This study investigated the perceptions of English teachers and language teacher educators on educational policy measures for the improvement of pre-service education to better prepare elementary English teachers. The findings of the study validate the need for redesigning pre-service education curricula as well as specific preparation for the elementary English teachers. The study also highlights the importance of a training scheme for teacher educators in teaching EYL. Although the implications of the study are derivational from Indonesian present context, they may also shed some light to the quandary currently faced by other countries facing a similar dilemma.