jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
‘Becoming’ a global leader: China’s evolving official media discourse in Xi’s New Era

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the discourses on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) from China Global Television Network’s YouTube channel. As China’s key diplomatic initiative, the BRI discourses provide us rich resources to understand how China wants the international community to see it, and how it intends to lead the world. The paper finds that China has developed a much clearer vision and more consistent discourse on the world order and its role in it. However, our data produces no evidence to support the claim that China wants to take over the existing global order. Rather, China seeks legitimacy to share global leadership.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation to lateral occipital cortex disrupts object ensemble processing

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Several neuroimaging studies have reported that object processing selectively activates the lateral occipital area of the brain (LO). Processing in this area is most often studied by presenting a single object to the central visual field. However, the world outside of the laboratory is comprised of multiple objects. Frequently these objects are part of a larger collection or ensemble of objects. For instance, a flower bed or leaves on a tree contain homogeneous repeating and overlapping objects of different sizes and orientations. Recent neuroimaging evidence suggests that such ‘object ensembles’ show activation in area LO, much like single object displays. Additionally, object ensemble activation was observed in the scene selective parahippocampal place area. We asked whether transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to LO would disrupt object ensemble processing, as has been shown with single object displays, which would suggest that ensembles recruit similar cortical areas to isolated objects. If no disruption is observed, it may suggest that object ensembles are processed more like scenes, and rely more on cortical areas associated with scene processing. Participants categorized grayscale photographs of objects ensembles as ‘natural’ or ‘man-made’ while simultaneously receiving a double pulse of TMS at 10 Hz to functionally defined area LO and to the vertex as a control. Preliminary results demonstrate a significant disruption to categorization during the TMS to LO condition compared to the baseline and TMS to vertex conditions. This disruption may reflect an inability to form a statistical summation of the objects within the ensemble required for accurate categorization. Moreover, this finding suggests that area LO quickly processes shape information from more complex stimuli than single objects.
Characterization of immunologically significant unique B16 melanoma proteins produced in vivo and in vitro

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Proteins unique to B16 melanoma cells grown in culture and as solid tumors have been independently described recently. As both proteins have apparent M r of 65,000-70,000, we have more fully compared their biochemical characteristics. The M r 65,000 protein, which is isolated from B16 cells in culture, has an aggregate molecular weight of >200,000 under nonreducing conditions. This M r 65,000 form is shed into the culture medium exclusively and is the predominant molecular species of serum-free culture supernatants. It was found that B700, a major membrane protein of B16 cells in solid tumors, and the M r 65,000 preparation from cultured cells were electrophoretically identical when compared under four separate sets of conditions. These two proteins also share immunologic determinants. The results suggest the identity of these two proteins isolated by completely different approaches.
[Cationic liposomes in gene delivery].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cationic liposomes have been extensively explored as gene delivery vector for several reasons. It is because disadvantages of viral vectors include risk of replication, possible immunogenicity, and the difficulty of obtaining a large quantity of viral vectors. Currently, a variety of cationic components for liposome formulations have been developed. The components are broadly divided into two classes based on the chemical structure of hydrophobic moieties: long aliphatic (saturated or unsaturated) hydrocarbons and cholesterol ring. A variety of hydrophilic moieties also include tertiary amines, ammonium salt and spermine. The role of liposomes is to condense DNA to form complexes with high affinity to cell surfaces where possible fusion or destabilization of the membrane and/or endocytosis are involved. However, at present, little structure-activity relationships are known. Some vectors are on clinical trials approved by NIH.
Achilles tendon evaluation in healthy subjects with elastosonography shear wave: a new promise in tools?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2018 / C-1167 / Achilles tendon evaluation in healthy subjects with elastosonography shear wave: a new promise in tools? by: E. A. Cucchi 1, V. Chianca2, L. Rossi3, R. Piana3, A. De Marchi3; 1Cinisello Balsamo/IT, 2Naples/IT, 3Turin/IT
BUDDLEJA DAVIDII L. – STRATEGIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ATTRACTING POLLINATING INSECTS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Butterflies are known to be pollinators of many plant species. These insects are attracted primarily by the visual features of flowers, but they also respond to floral aromas. Therefore, most plants pollinated by butterflies have a strong aroma. One of such plants is Buddleja davidii. This species is widespread in Asia and is known for its invasive nature in various regions around the world. In addition to being attractive to butterflies and having bright, large inflorescences, it is also an important ornamental plant grown in many gardens. Based on chemical and behavioral approaches, the article describes the peculiarities of Buddleja davidii pollination by one of its most frequent visitors, the Peacock’s Eye butterfly (Aglais io). It was found that to butterflies olfactory cues are more attractive than visual ones.This is facilitated by 4-oxoisophorone and oxoisophorone epoxide in plants. It is the latter compound that causes behavioral reactions in pollinating insects.
Theranostic MRI: the future for Type 1 diabetes management?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from the lack of insulin production induced by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Theranostic MRI is an emerging field that uses nanometer-scale materials to provide diagnostic insight with simultaneous treatment. These nanoparticle platforms can accommodate targeting ligands, therapeutic moieties, along with complementary imaging modalities for targeted therapeutic goals, while achieving highly accurate multimodality imaging. In this review, we summarize various types of nanocarriers that have been explored for theranostic imaging. We also outline recent progress in theranostic MRI for Type 1 diabetes management. Finally, we discuss future considerations and opportunities afforded by theranostic imaging as a new platform in this field.
Nanotechnology-Assisted Cell Tracking

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The usefulness of nanoparticles (NPs) in the diagnostic and/or therapeutic sector is derived from their aptitude for navigating intra- and extracellular barriers successfully and to be spatiotemporally targeted. In this context, the optimization of NP delivery platforms is technologically related to the exploitation of the mechanisms involved in the NP–cell interaction. This review provides a detailed overview of the available technologies focusing on cell–NP interaction/detection by describing their applications in the fields of cancer and regenerative medicine. Specifically, a literature survey has been performed to analyze the key nanocarrier-impacting elements, such as NP typology and functionalization, the ability to tune cell interaction mechanisms under in vitro and in vivo conditions by framing, and at the same time, the imaging devices supporting NP delivery assessment, and consideration of their specificity and sensitivity. Although the large amount of literature information on the designs and applications of cell membrane-coated NPs has reached the extent at which it could be considered a mature branch of nanomedicine ready to be translated to the clinic, the technology applied to the biomimetic functionalization strategy of the design of NPs for directing cell labelling and intracellular retention appears less advanced. These approaches, if properly scaled up, will present diverse biomedical applications and make a positive impact on human health.
Diffusion of Innovations Approach to the Evaluation of Learning Management System Usage in an Open Distance Learning Institution

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p class="2">Academic institutions such as the University of South Africa (Unisa) are using information and communication technology (ICT) in order to conduct their daily primary operations, which are teaching and learning. Unisa is the only distance learning university in South Africa and also in Africa. Unisa currently has the highest number of students on the continent of Africa. In an attempt to bridge the gap between facilitators and students, Unisa introduced a learning management system known as myUnisa. MyUnisa is used by facilitators and students as a tool to conduct teaching and learning, and for communication. To the best of the researcher’s knowledge, factors that influence its acceptance and usage have not been studied prior to this study. The main deciders of the success of technology are the users, as is reflected in the well-established theories and models that exist to evaluate the acceptance of technology and innovation. The objective of this study was to understand the factors that contribute to the usage of myUnisa by students. An online questionnaire was used for data collection, and a quantitative analysis was conducted. Among others, the results reveal that complexity does not have a significant impact on the students' decision to use myUnisa.</p>
Additional file 3: Figure S3. of Diesel exhaust alters the response of cultured primary bronchial epithelial cells from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

NTHi-induced inflammatory, antimicrobial response and HSPA5/BiP induction. Cellular response of 5 non-COPD and 7 COPD donors treated for 3Â h with UV-NTHi added to the apical side. CXCL8 (3A), DEFB4A (3B), S100A7 (3C) and HSPA5/BiP (3D) mRNA expression is reported as fold from untreated controls after normalization on two reference genes, ATP5b and RPL13A. (PDF 492Â kb)
Hemispherical dielectric permittivity cell

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A three-terminal dielectric cell based on a hemispherical design is constructed for low-temperature measurements of dielectric permittivity. The cell has a small sample volume, is geometrically stable, and shows no frequency dependence of capacitance. Measurements on test samples are presented showing both cell constant stability data and the linearity of measured capacitance with dielectric constant.
Alkylresorcinol metabolites as potential biomarkers for whole-grain rye intake and the effect of rye bread intake on plasma low-density lipoproteins

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nestled in the research field exploring the protective mechanisms of whole grains against cardiovascular disease (CVD), this thesis focuses on two novel candidate biomarkers for whole-grain rye/wheat intake and the effect of rye bread intake on plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). A special emphasis is on alkylresorcinols, which are rye- and wheat bran-associated phytochemicals. Alkylresorcinols are absorbed in humans, and their plasma concentration is suggested to serve as a biomarker for whole-grain rye/wheat intake. Following absorption, alkylresorcinols are metabolized in the liver to 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA) and 3,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid (DHBA), which have been identified in plasma and urine. \n\nHere, we have determined the kinetic parameters for DHPPA and DHBA in plasma and urine from 15 humans after ingesting a single serving of rye bread (6 slices, 198 g). We showed that DHPPA and DHBA possess good biomarker properties with longer half-lives (t1/2) than intact alkylresorcinols. This can result in higher fasting plasma concentrations than those for alkylresorcinols, which is advantageous when blood samples from low-to-moderate whole-grain rye consumers are being analyzed. \n\nAlkylresorcinols possess antioxidant activity in in vitro assays, although human data are lacking. Because LDL particles serve as carriers of alkylresorcinols in human circulation, and oxidative modification of LDL has been linked to atherogenesis, we aimed to study the potential of alkylresorcinols to protect LDL particles against oxidation. We also determined the efficacy of added plant sterols (PSs) in rye bread to lower LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), a known risk factor for CVD. \n\nWe explored with a dietary intervention the effects of rye bread intake on plasma LDL by varying the rye bread dose from 0 g/d (baseline) to 99 g/d, and finally to 198 g/d. Rye bread was consumed without (n=31, controls) or with added PSs (n=32). Intake of 198 g/d of rye bread significantly (P PIENEMPI 0.001) increased oxidation resistance and alkylresorcinol contents of LDL from baseline. However, alkylresorcinol concentration did not correlate with the oxidation resistance of LDL. Therefore, alkylresorcinols are presumably not the major causative antioxidants in LDL, and their role remains unclear. Compared with controls, the PS group exhibited similar improvements in the oxidation resistance of LDL, but showed a significant decrease in LDL-C and some other lipid risk factors, suggesting that PS enrichment further increased the health benefits of whole-grain rye. \n\nIn summary, this thesis characterizes the kinetics of DHPPA and DHBA and supports their suitability as biomarkers for whole-grain rye intake. Moreover, rye bread intake was shown to significantly increase in vitro oxidation resistance of LDL, and, when enriched with PSs, to also lower plasma LDL-C, providing a promising dietary means for prevention of CVD.
It's more of a guideline

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This post accompanies the talk I gave at the Victorian Emergency Clinical Care Network (ECCN) event at the MCG in Melbourne. My remit was to talk about the role of clinical practice guidelines within the context of paediatric emergency medicine. What is a guideline? Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) are supposed to be recommendations designed to improve… Read More »It’s more of a guideline
Efficacy of Adalimumab for Pediatric Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pediatric Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) is rare, with limited cases of corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppression use reported. A 15-year-old Hispanic girl was referred for bilateral intraocular inflammation. Her initial best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/30 in the right eye and 20/200 in the left eye, with granulomatous keratic precipitates, anterior chamber and vitreous cell, optic disc edema, and nummular depigmented chorioretinal lesions on examination consistent with VKH after an unrevealing work-up. Inflammation was recurrent despite oral prednisone and methotrexate. Adalimumab, a TNF-alpha inhibitor, led to rapid resolution of inflammation, successful dose reduction of prednisone and methotrexate, and final BCVA of 20/25 in the right eye and 20/40 in the left at 26-month follow-up. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina . 2014;45:332-333.]
Hearing Darius: A Bakhtinian Study of the Voice of Darius in the Behistun Inscription, Herodotus' The Histories, and Ezra-Nehemiah

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The theories of Bakhtin are becoming more influential in studies. The concepts of chronotope and polyphony have proved particularly useful in exploring narrative works. This thesis applies these concepts to the Behistun inscription, Herodotus' The Histories, and Ezra-Nehemiah to bring a more nuanced understanding to the character of Darius revealed in each work. The speeches of Darius, within their respective chronotopes and double-voiced by the narrator, reveal subtle undei10nes of characterization. In the Behistun inscription, the chronotope and the use of the monologic voice of Darius reveal a character lifted above the historical world to epic levels. In Herodotus, double voicing along with chronotope reveals Darius, who is otherwise presented as a powerful and mighty king, as vulnerable and human. In Ezra-Nehemiah, chronotope is used to raise Darius above the other Persian kings, except Cyrus, while double-voicing exposes his claim to be the true king of Israel through the support of the temple.
Bird biodiversity sampling shows increasing geographical disparities associated with historical redlining in the United States

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Historic segregation and inequality are critical to understanding modern environmental conditions. Race-based zoning policies, such as redlining in the United States during the 1930s, are associated with racial inequity and adverse multigenerational socioeconomic levels in income and education, and disparate environmental characteristics including tree canopy cover across urban neighborhoods. We quantify the association between redlining and bird biodiversity sampling density and completeness - two critical metrics of biodiversity knowledge - across 195 cities in the United States. We show that historically redlined neighborhoods remain the most under-sampled urban areas for bird biodiversity today, potentially impacting conservation priorities and propagating urban environmental inequities. The disparity in sampling across redlined neighborhoods grades increased by approximately 40% over the past 20 years. We identify specific areas critical for reducing uncertainty and increasing equity of sampling of biodiversity in urban areas. Our findings highlight how human behavior and past social, economic and political conditions segregate not just our built environment, but may also leave a lasting mark also the on the digital information we have about urban biodiversity. Methodology: The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (https://gbif.org) provided us with georeferenced biodiversity records for bird species found inside HOLC-defined neighborhoods in 195 cities. We searched for and downloaded bird recordings with geographic coordinates that were gathered after 1932 up to October 2022 using the rgbif package. The terms "observation," "live specimen," "human observation," "preserved specimen," and "machine observation" were all used to describe the recordings we compiled. Please see the README_data.md for description on the biodiversity data and the README_code.md for a description on the code used in this manuscript. For additional questions feel free to reach out to diego.ellissoto@yale.edu
Revisiting the Spanish Conquest of the Aztecas in the Early 16th Century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

이 글은 16세기 초 에스파냐인들의 아스테카 정복에 대한 전통적인 서사를 신화와 뒤섞인 역사로 평가하는 ‘새로운 정복사’ 또는 수정주의적 연구의 몇 가지 주요 논점을 정리하고, 정복 과정을 둘러싼 관심사의 확대 사례에 주목한다. 수정주의적 연구가 재탐색하려는 세 가지 핵심 쟁점은 첫째, 1519년 11월 코르테스와 목테수마 사이의 회합의 성격, 둘째, 목테수마의 수동성을 비난하는 근거로 제시된 예언의 역할과 그것이 아스테카의 패배에 끼친 영향에 대한 신빙성 여부, 셋째, 누가 전쟁의 주도권을 쥐고 있었는지 등이다. 수정주의적 연구의 사례들은 코르테스에 초점을 맞추는 전통적인 서사에서 벗어나 정복자들과 동맹을 맺은 틀락스칼테카인들의 역할, 그리고 16세기 초 이전부터 존재해 온 나우아인들의 뿌리 깊고 복잡한 영토 전쟁에 더 주목하도록 촉구한다. 그런 관점에서 에스파냐인들의 정복에 대한 신화적 역사를 중부 멕시코의 나우아인 사이의 대립에 에스파냐인들이 새롭게 개입한 사건으로 재정립하는 시도가 요구된다.
Pipe pile driving into rock

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Impact driving technique is commonly used in offshore environments to install pipe piles. This technique consists in striking the pile head with a hammer to reach the required installation depth. The quest for offshore wind energy demands that pipe pile foundations be installed in increasingly challenging geotechnical conditions. To reach final installation depth, the pile has now to be driven through very dense soil with high resistance and even into rock layers. This increases the difficulty of pile driving while avoiding its damage during hammering. The objective of this thesis is to portray stresses in a pipe pile during driving into rock layer and to assess the structural integrity of the pile toe. An analytical approach has been attempted first to solve the problem for the static case. On one hand, an original analytical solution of a pipe pile subjected to non-axial static loading has been developed based on the Airy stress function. This solution gave results approaching those of Boussinesq’s plane strain solution for the case of large diameters. On the other hand, two novel closed-form solutions for cylindrical and spherical cavity expansion in a rock mass governed by a particular case of the Hoek-Brown yield criterion were developed and validated numerically. Two numerical methods were implemented to simulate dynamic pipe pile driving into rock: the Lagrangian method consisting in an axisymmetric modelling based on the “zipper type” technique and the Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian method (CEL-3D). Stresses in tubular piles during impact driving were evaluated, allowing the structural integrity of the pile toe to be assessed. To validate the proposed numerical models, a 1g reduced scale model was built, featuring different synthetic rock resistances. The developed experimental model is able to simulate pipe pile driving into rock. Comparison between numerical simulations (CEL-3D) and experimental tests showed similar results in terms of strains at the pile toe level. Based on numerical simulations and experimental results, the following conclusions can be drawn: • The power form of the Extended Drucker-Prager yield criterion can emulate the mechanical behaviour of rock mass governed by the Hoek-Brown yield criterion. • The “zipper-type” technique is applicable to quasi-static cone penetration into dense sand and fully coring penetration of pipe pile undergoing driving. • Pipe pile driving into good quality rock mass (σc>20 MPa) entails a significant risk of damaging the pile toe; the use of high steel grade is recommended.
A Simple Method for Finding Molecular Signatures from Gene Expression Data

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Motivation: ``Molecular signatures'' or ``gene-expression signatures'' are used to predict patients' characteristics using data from coexpressed genes. Signatures can enhance understanding about biological mechanisms and have diagnostic use. However, available methods to search for signatures fail to address key requirements of signatures, especially the discovery of sets of tightly coexpressed genes. Results: After suggesting an operational definition of signature, we develop a method that fulfills these requirements, returning sets of tightly coexpressed genes with good predictive performance. This method can also identify when the data are inconsistent with the hypothesis of a few, stable, easily interpretable sets of coexpressed genes. Identification of molecular signatures in some widely used data sets is questionable under this simple model, which emphasizes the needed for further work on the operationalization of the biological model and the assessment of the stability of putative signatures. Availability: The code (R with C++) is available from this http URL under the GNU GPL.