jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The positive regulatory loop of TCF4N/p65 promotes glioblastoma tumourigenesis and chemosensitivity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background NF‐κB signaling is widely linked to the pathogenesis and treatment resistance in cancers. Increasing attention has been paid to its anti‐oncogenic roles, due to its key functions in cellular senescence and the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Therefore, thoroughly understanding the function and regulation of NF‐κB in cancers is necessary prior to the application of NF‐κB inhibitors. Methods We established glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines expressing ectopic TCF4N, an isoform of the β‐catenin interacting transcription factor TCF7L2, and evaluated its functions in GBM tumorigenesis and chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. In p65 knock‐out or phosphorylation mimic (S536D) cell lines, the dual role and correlation of TCF4N and NF‐κB signaling in promoting tumorigenesis and chemosensitivity was investigated by in vitro and in vivo functional experiments. RNA‐seq and computational analysis, immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assay, minigene splicing assay and luciferase reporter assay were performed to identify the underlying mechanism of positive feedback regulation loop between TCF4N and the p65 subunit of NF‐κB. A eukaryotic cell‐penetrating peptide targeting TCF4N, 4N, was used to confirm the therapeutic significance. Results Our results indicated that p65 subunit phosphorylation at Ser 536 (S536) and nuclear accumulation was a promising prognostic marker for GBM, and endowed the dual functions of NF‐κB in promoting tumorigenesis and chemosensitivity. p65 S536 phosphorylation and nuclear stability in GBM was regulated by TCF4N. TCF4N bound p65, induced p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, inhibited its ubiquitination/degradation, and subsequently promoted NF‐κB activity. p65 S536 phosphorylation was essential for TCF4N‐led senescence‐independent SASP, GBM tumorigenesis, tumor stem‐like cell differentiation and chemosensitivity. Activation of p65 was closely connected to alterative splicing of TCF4N, a likely positive feedback regulation loop between TCF4N and p65 in GBM. 4N increased chemosensitivity, highlighting a novel anti‐cancer strategy. Conclusion Our study defined key roles of TCF4N as a novel regulator of NF‐κB through mutual regulation with p65 and provided a new avenue for GBM inhibition.
The distribution of inorganic phosphate and malate between intra- and extramitochondrial spaces. Relationship with the transmembrane pH difference.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The steady-state distribution of inorganic phosphate and malate between the intra- and extramitochondrial spaces was measured in suspensions of nonrespiring and respiring rat liver mitochondria in which the transmembrane pH difference was incrementally varied. In respiration-inhibited mitochondria, the slope of log [Pi]in/[Pi]out (ordinate) versus delta pH approached 2 by either chemical or isotopic determination of [Pi], and the slope of log [malate]in/[malate]out versus delta pH was 2.0 with an extrapolated log [Pi]in/[Pi]out value of 0.3 at delta pH = 0. We conclude that the distribution of Pi and malate for nonrespiring mitochondria were quantitatively consistent with those predicted by exchange of Pi- for OH- (or cotransport with H+) and of malate 2- for Pi2-. In respiring mitochondria using glutamate + malate as substrate, there was very little pH dependence of Pi or malate accumulation (the slopes were less than 0.5) unless n-butylmalonate (inhibitor of Pi-dicarboxylate exchange) was added before the glutamate and malate, in which case the distribution patterns at delta pH less than 0.4 were similar to those in nonrespiring mitochondria. In either case, however, after reaching a maximal value of 1.1, log [Pi]in/[Pi]out did not further increase with increasing delta pH. Thus, in normally metabolizing mitochondria, the distributions of Pi and malate are not directly correlated with the difference in pH across the membrane.
All necessary measures? The obligation to protect disabled persons in disasters

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Taking as a starting point Article 11 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which mandates that states take ‘all necessary measures’ to ensure the protection and safety of persons with disabilities in situations of risk, this chapter examines the international response to Covid-19 which, with few exceptions, ignored the needs of disabled persons. The chapter reviews international disaster law in light of the obligations contained in international human rights law, and critically analyses the failings revealed by the Covid-19 pandemic. Using Canada and the United Kingdom as case studies, the chapter illuminates how the lack of coordination both in theory and practice reveal protection gaps that must be remedied. The chapter concludes with a look to the future and the proposed Pandemic Treaty, which it argues must provide specificity in its obligations towards disabled persons.
Cough frequency and cough receptor sensitivity to citric acid challenge during a simulated ascent to extreme altitude

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of cough and the citric acid cough threshold during hypobaric hypoxia under controlled environmental conditions. Subjects were studied during Operation Everest 3. Eight subjects ascended to a simulated altitude of 8,848 m over 31 days in a hypobaric chamber. Frequency of nocturnal cough was measured using voice-activated tape recorders, and cough threshold by inhalation of increasing concentrations of citric acid aerosol. Spirometry was performed before and after each test. Subjects recorded symptoms of acute mountain sickness and arterial oxygen saturation daily. Air temperature and humidity were controlled during the operation. Cough frequency increased with increasing altitude, from a median of 0 coughs (range 0-4) at sea level to 15 coughs (range 3-32) at a simulated altitude of 8,000 m. Cough threshold was unchanged on arrival at 5,000 m compared to sea level (geometric mean difference (GMD) 1.0, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.5-2.1, p=0.5), but fell on arrival at 8,000 m compared to sea level (GMD 3.3, 95% CI 1.1-10.3, p=0.043). There was no relationship between cough threshold and symptoms of acute mountain sickness, oxygen saturation or forced expiratory volume in one second. Temperature and humidity in the chamber were controlled between 18-24 degrees C and 30-60%, respectively. These results confirm an increase in cough frequency and cough receptor sensitivity associated with hypobaric hypoxia, and refute the hypothesis that high altitude cough is due to the inhalation of cold, dry air. The small sample size makes further conclusions difficult, and the cause of altitude-related cough remains unclear.
What do all these Buttons do? Statically Mining Android User Interfaces at Scale

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce FRONTMATTER: a tool to automatically mine both user interface models and behavior of Android apps at a large scale with high precision. Given an app, FRONTMATTER statically extracts all declared screens, the user interface elements, their textual and graphical features, as well as Android APIs invoked by interacting with them. Executed on tens of thousands of real-world apps, FRONTMATTER opens the door for comprehensive mining of mobile user interfaces, jumpstarting empirical research at a large scale, addressing questions such as "How many travel apps require registration?", "Which apps do not follow accessibility guidelines?", "Does the user interface correspond to the description?", and many more. FRONTMATTER and the mined dataset are available under an open-source license.
The condensate fraction in high-Tccuprate superconductors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Although it is some years since the discovery of high-Tc cuprate superconductors, the nature and doping dependence of the condensate in such materials is still uncertain. There is no consensus as to whether the supercurrent is carried by a macroscopic quantum condensate of electron pairs or hole pairs. Here the authors show that the experimentally measured muon spin relaxation rate, which is proportional to the condensate density in high-Tc cuprate superconductors, closely follows the upper bound given by C.N. Yang's theorem for condensation within a single band. This is significant because Yang's well known exposition of superconductivity as off-diagonal long-range order is very widely accepted. The authors infer that the condensate transports negative charge in electron-doped and hole-doped cuprate layers, which rationalizes the experimental observation that the London moments of conventional superconducting metals and superconducting ceramics have the same sign. The models that reproduce this behaviour and give a short coherence length involve real-space pairing on a lattice, possibly arising from repulsive correlations or some other pairing mechanisms.
Insetti per l’alimentazione umana: barriere e drivers per l’accettazione da parte dei consumatori

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As the overall demand for food increases, there is an urgent need of sustainable proteins. To what extent European consumers are willing to accept innovative ingredients in their diet is the main research question we address. Interviews are conducted on a sample of 45 Italian consumers and results are analysed through the laddering method with the aim to understand how consumers express their personal values. The paper intends to contribute to the ongoing debate on global food security addressing potential drivers of, and barriers to, Western consumer acceptance of insects-based ingredients in the food supply chain. Results show that a combination of socio-cultural barriers and fear is assumed to contribute to the lower acceptability of insects-as-food in Western societies.
Conceptions of National Security and American Entry into World War II

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During World War II, official definitions of the requirements of United States national security were extended beyond the defense of the western hemisphere to include preventing any single power dominating Eurasia. This article challenges the commonly expressed view that this change was due to a belief that a strategy of continental defense would no longer suffice to protect the physical safety of the United States. The focus is on the period between Munich and Pearl Harbor when U.S policy moved away from the principle of non-involvement embodied in the neutrality legislation of 1935–37. The role in this process of the argument that America’s own safety was dependent upon the European balance of power, particularly because of the dangers posed by the development of aviation and the possible suborning of Latin America, is critically examined. It is argued that the broader conception of America’s security requirements reflected both a consciousness of the unique power of the United States to determine the outcome of the war and an implicit belief that the values and interests for which the nation should be prepared to fight extended beyond physical security.
Does Papillon Contact X-Ray Radiotherapy Allows Organ Preservation in Rectal Cancer: Results From a Swiss Cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Multimodal treatment of rectal cancer involves a combination of radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy, and surgery. There has been an increasing interest in organ preservation strategies. Response strongly correlates with RT dose, but dose escalation with external beam remains limited. Papillon is an endocavitary Radiotherapy device, which delivers low energy X-rays, allowing for safe dose escalation and better complete response rate directly at the tumour location. Aims This study reports on the use of Papillon in a Swiss cohort. Methods Retrospective study on a prospective database of all patients treated between January 2015 and end of 2024. Inclusion criteria: small tumors (&lt; than 3 cm), for larger tumors after a standard CRT and a median interval of 3 weeks. Application of the boost according to the OPERA trial protocol. Assessment at 6 weeks after the end of the Papillon, at 3 months and every 3-month interval for the first 2 years and every 6 months thereafter. Kaplan Meier for local relapse and TME-free survival. Local relapse was defined as any visible tumor on rectoscopy and or MRI and confirmed by histology after achieving complete response. TME-free survival was defined as the organ preservation at 12 months. Results Between January 2015 and end 2024, 24 rectal cancer patients were treated with the addition of a boost delivered by Papillon to standard RT, with or without chemotherapy, in an upfront organ preservation strategy. After a median follow-up (FU) of 43 months, the organ preservation rate was 96% (23/24), and the local relapse rate was 8% (2/24). None of our patients developed grade 3 or more toxicities. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the addition of Papillon contact RT provides a high rate of local remission with sustained long-term organ preservation, offering a promising alternative to traditional surgical approaches in patients with rectal cancer.
Highly Efficient Flexible Antimony Halide Scintillator Films with In Situ Preparation for High‐Resolution X‐Ray Imaging

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Flexible scintillators with high light yield, spatial resolution and low light scattering are ideal for X‐ray imaging application. However, conventional scintillators are always prepared by crystallization of functional layer, grinding and mixing with polymers, resulting in serious light scattering. Herein, an in situ fabrication strategy is proposed to prepare a low light scattering flexible scintillator film based on 0D antimony halide C 38 H 36 P 2 SbCl 5 (MTP 2 SbCl 5 ). The prepared scintillator film exhibits bright yellow emission with an outstanding photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 99.69%, and it demonstrates linear responsiveness to X‐ray dose, achieving an impressive light yield of 39800 photons MeV −1 and a low detection limitation of 78.4 nGy air s −1 . The scintillator film possesses strong radiation hardness and stability. In addition, low light scattering greatly inhibits optical crosstalk during X‐ray detection, effectively improving the spatial resolution of MTP 2 SbCl 5 film from 4.5 to 10.2 lp mm −1 . On account of the simple preparation method and high performance, this work provides guidance for the preparation of high‐efficiency, large‐area, low‐scattering and high‐resolution flexible scintillator in the future.
Effect of Capillary Pressure on Wetting Film Imbibition Ahead of Main Liquid–Gas Displacement Front in Porous Media

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The effect of capillary pressure on wetting film imbibition along the edges of pores in porous media is investigated experimentally. It is found that the capillary pressure at the main liquid–gas front (the main displacement front) plays a major role, among other factors, in determining the imbibition rate of a wetting liquid along pore edges. The measured velocities of the wetting film in a two-dimensional consolidated glass bead model and the imbibed volumes of the wetting liquid into the mode ahead of the main front are found to be proportional to 1/P1/2 C and 1/P5/2 C, respectively, where PC is the capillary pressure at the main liquid–gas front. The effect of capillary pressure on wetting film imbibition along the edges of pores is also illustrated by the experiments in a periodically constricted capillary where different film imbibition rates were obtained when the main liquid–gas meniscus is kept at a throat and a pore. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the lengt...
SOME RECENT RESULTS OF THE CODALEMA EXPERIMENT

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Codalema is one of the experiments devoted to the detection of ultra high energy cosmic rays by the radio method. The main objective is to study the features of the radio signal induced by the development in the atmosphere of extensive air showers (EAS) generated by cosmic rays in the energy range of 1016-1018 eV. After a brief presentation of the detector features, the main results obtained are reported (emission mechanism, lateral distribution of the electric field, energy calibration, etc.). The first studies of the radio wave front curvature are discussed as new preliminary results.
Conifer Root Nodules Colonized by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Jurassic Geothermal Settings from Patagonia, Argentina

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Premise of research. Despite the ecological significance of arbuscular mycorrhizae in modern terrestrial ecosystems, knowledge about their evolution based on the fossil record is still scarce, especially concerning the case of root nodules harboring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as in some extant gymnosperms and angiosperms. Exceptionally preserved conifer nodular roots were found in the Jurassic fossil-bearing chert deposits of the Deseado Massif (Santa Cruz, Argentina), raising the possibility of studying them in association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The aim of this study is to describe the plant organs and their fungal partners and to discuss the ecological significance of the interactions observed, particularly with respect to their occurrence in the hot spring settings.Methodology. Thin sections of chert samples from the Cañadón Nahuel locality of the La Matilde Formation, Deseado Massif (Santa Cruz, Argentina) were observed using light microscopy.Pivotal results. The cortex of the nodules is occupied by several glomeromycotan fungal structures. The structures occur in a specific zone of the cortex—toward its center—and include intracellular hyphal coils and arbuscules. Glomoid spores and coenocytic hyphae possibly penetrating the epidermal cells are also described and analyzed.Conclusions. The root nodules have affinities with the Araucariales, representing the oldest record of such structures for this conifer clade. This is also the first record of nodules harboring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for the Jurassic; it extends our knowledge of the fossil record for this particular type of fungal association.
Effect of snake venom derived fibrin glue on the tendon healing in dogs: clinical and biomechanical study

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of snake venom derived fibrin glue on the strength oftendon healing in dogs. The deep digital flexor tendon of the 5th digit of 24 thoracic limbs was partially sectioned for adhesive application. On the 7th, 15th, and 30th postoperative day tendons segments were removed for the clinical and biomechanical study. Results indicated that 62.5% of the tendons showed stump retraction and 20.8% moderate to excessive adherence, which affected gliding. The biomechanical evaluation showed that, over time, tendon healing gained progressive resistance for maximum traction and permanent deformations with satisfactory results on the 15th day for rigidity and resilience compared to the other two studied periods. Snake venom derived fibrin glue promotes healing in dog flexor tendon.
On the Convergence of an Implicit Iteration Scheme for a Finite Family of Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings in Banach Spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we define a new implicit iterative process with errors in a real Banach space and establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the strong convergence of the iteration to a common fixed point for the case of a finite family of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in a arbitrary real Banach space. Also we study the weak and strong convergence results of this implicit iterative scheme for the same family of mappings in the setting of a uniformly convex Banach space. Our results extend and generalize a number of existing results.
Association of body composition parameters with aortic elastic properties in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background In individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), impairments in aortic elastic functions due to vascular remodeling and changes in cardiac morphology and function are observed from the time of diagnosis. Objective This study investigated alterations in aortic elastic functions in newly diagnosed T2DM patients using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and explored their association with various body composition parameters. Materials and Methods A total of 273 newly diagnosed diabetic patients (144 females; mean age: 50.7±12.2 years) and 139 control subjects without any detected diseases (90 females; mean age: 47.1±8.5 years) were included in the study. Echocardiographic parameters and aortic elastic properties were evaluated using TTE. Body composition indices, including Body Mass Index, Waist-to-Hip Ratio, Tri-Ponderal Mass Index (TMI), Visceral Adiposity Index, Body Shape Index, Body Roundness Index, Body Adiposity Index, and Cardiometabolic Index were calculated for all participants. Results When aortic elastic parameters were evaluated, aortic strain and aortic distensibility were significantly lower in Group 1 compared to Group 2, while the aortic stiffness index was significantly higher in Group 1. Aortic elastic parameters were significantly correlated with most of all body composition indices except for BSI, with the highest correlation observed with TMI (AS; rho=0.490, ASI; rho=0.456, AD; 0.516; p<0.001). Conclusion In newly diagnosed T2DM patients, aortic elastic functions are impaired at the time of diagnosis compared to the normal population. Among body composition indices; the most significant association was found with TMI. TMI may be considered a potential screening tool not only for evaluating aortic elastic functions but also for identifying other atherosclerotic processes.
Jacobite Wineglasses

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Jacobite Wineglasses Get access H. A. Evans H. A. Evans 1Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s10-I, Issue 11, 12 March 1904, Page 204, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s10-I.11.204e Published: 12 March 1904
Immediate arthroscopy following ORIF for tibial plateau fractures provide early diagnosis and treatment of the combined intra‐articular pathologies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of immediate arthroscopy and clinical outcomes following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of tibial plateau fractures. Methods Sixty patients (36 men and 24 women, median age 56 (20–78) years) were divided into Group I (ORIF only: 26 patients, median age 58 (25–78) years) or Group II (ORIF with immediate arthroscopy: 34 patients, median age 55 (20–75) years) in tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker Type II–VI fractures). In the first part of this study, ORIF only was performed without arthroscopic treatment. In the second part, ORIF with immediate arthroscopic examination and treatment was performed. Clinical outcomes, utilizing range of motion (ROM), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and hospital for special knee score (HSS) were assessed. Results At the final follow‐up, HSS score was 81 ± 11 points in Group I and 83 ± 9 points in Group II. The IKDC score was 85 ± 8 points in Group I and 86 ± 6 points in Group II. In Group II, concomitant intra‐articular lesions in 10 patients (29%) were found and treated simultaneously. However, there were no significant differences in clinical scores or ROM between the two groups. Conclusion Immediate arthroscopy following ORIF for tibial plateau fracture is an effective procedure that provides accurate information for fracture reduction, leading to immediate treatment of concomitant intra‐articular lesions without complications. Level of evidence III.