jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Children with Acute Central Nervous System (CNS) Infection from a Tertiary Care Centre in the Present Vaccination Era

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Meningitis is a common tropical infection which causes significant morbidity and mortality in children. Vaccination is available now-a-days for Haemophilus influenza and pneumococcus which are the common infection causing meningitis. Profile of acute Central Nervous System (CNS) infection in children varies with time to time as it depends on the organism, age, seasonal period, outbreaks, immunisation and place. Aim: To study the clinical, microbiological, radiological profile and outcome of children with acute CNS infection in a tertiary care centre in the present vaccination era. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was done in the Department of Paediatrics, Government Dharmapuri Medical College Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India, from December 2018 to June 2020. Total 50 children from one month to 12 years with features of acute CNS infection were included in the study. Clinical features, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and serology findings, Computed Tomography (CT) scan findings and outcome were taken for analysis. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel software and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: During the study period, 50 children were diagnosed with acute CNS infection. A total of 37 (74%) children were less than 3 years and 31 (62%) male children were commonly affected. Fever 42 (84%), seizures 46 (92%) and altered sensorium 31 (62%) were the common symptoms. Status epilepticus 40 (87%), shock 18 (36%), respiratory distress 16 (32%) were common findings. In CSF, elevated cell count, reduced sugar, elevated protein were seen in 21 (42%), 14 (28%) and 27 (54%), respectively. Pneumococcus 3 (6%), Japanese Encephalitis (JE) 8 (16%), dengue 5 (10%), herpes 4 (8%), scrub typhus (aetiological agent Orientia tsutsugamushi) 2 (4%) were the common aetiological agents for CNS infection. CT brain was abnormal in 8 (16%) children. Nine children died (18%) and rest 41 (82%) recovered. Conclusion: In the present vaccination era, viruses and tropical fevers- JE, dengue, herpes and scrub typhus were common causes for acute CNS infection in children. Common clinical features were status epilepticus, fever, altered sensorium, respiratory distress and shock. Initial stabilisation of physiological status, specific management and JE vaccination are mandatory to improve the outcome in CNS infection.
Design and engineer a domestic use vertical farm unit for growing green vegetables and herbs (project 3)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As the population of Singapore and its demand for food continues to increase, there is a need for more sustainable sources of food. With the potential of utilizing vertical farming units to grow vegetables and herbs in individual households, the objective of this report was to determine a sustainable, cost-effective and energy efficient design of a vertical farming system which can be operated for indoor use in places such as Housing & Development Board (HDB) flats or similar apartments as well as to explore the concept of utilizing fibre optics as a substitute to grow lights. A series of prototypes were built and tested before arriving to the design of the final product. The structure of the final product was modular allowing for the ease of assembly and customization. It made use of hydroponics, with a combination of a nutrient film technique and a wick system, to grow green vegetables and herbs, and was also effective at germinating seeds, growing young seedlings to full maturity as well as ‘regrowing’ previously harvested herbs and vegetables. It also portrayed the capabilities of utilizing fibre optic cables, paired with a solar tracker and collector dish for the transference of natural sunlight indoors to illuminate the vertical farming system. Different from other indoor vertical farming systems, this system prides itself on achieving a low carbon footprint, comparable to the energy output of just one 50W light bulb. By utilizing light transfer technologies and renewable energy in vertical farming systems, Singapore can increase its capability in producing a higher yield of produce with a reduction in the power consumption. This would result in a more efficient use of electricity when growing produce, leading to an increase in sustainability and cost savings.
Supply chain transparency as a key prerequisite for sustainable agri-food supply chain management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses the antecedences and consequences of supply chain transparency (SCT) in sustainable agrarian supply chain management using partial least squares regression in an empirical sample with 131 supply chains with lead firms in German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria and Switzerland). We investigated the effect of such structural antecedences as disintermediation, as well as the effect of governance tools similar to intensive communication, the integration of third parties in supply chain governance or the use of formal specifications on SCT. We found that all these antecedences are helpful in increasing SCT, while low developed countries of origin significantly reduced SCT. Then, the effects of SCT on the four main performance dimensions in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), i.e. social, ecological, and operational performance and long-term relationship success, were verified. Higher SCT improves all four dimensions significantly, while the effect on operational performance is lowest. Supply chain transparency turns out to be a prerequisite or a basic indicator of good management in SSCM in agri-food supply chains.
Relationship of Body Composition to Energy Intake and Energetic Efficiency

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In heifers of dairy breeds and ranging in age from 1 day to 14 months, weights of body protein and fat and the amount of body energy increased linearly with increasing empty-body weight. That the variation in the respective relationships is small is indicated by the r 2 of 0.997, 0.961, and 0.985. The rate of change in body energy per kilogram of empty-body weight was 2.55 Meal. Although the data examined represent animals with a variety of nutritional histories, much further study is needed to determine the degree to which relationships between the body components and body weight will resist nutritional alteration. In dairy cows 28 months to 15 years of age, relationships between body components and body weight were quite variable, reflecting the mobility of body fat, water, and protein. Although these relationships have no predictive value, they suggest general trends such as the overall rate of change of 4.38 Meal, of energy per kilogram of empty-body weight. Composition and energy value of the body tissue gain or loss by cattle are variable. Energy equivalence values (Meal per kg) derived from various studies with cows range from 4.8 to 9.4 for body gain and from 6.3 to 7.9 for body loss. It appears possible that body tissue gain or loss could range from as much as 100% of water to about 90% of fat. Increasing degrees of body fatness in ruminants are associated with decreasing intakes of feed. The mechanism by which fatness influences appetite is not known. However, it is possible that the accumulation of fat in the abdominal cavity, in a manner similar to that of the developing gravid uterus, might restrict gastrointestinal capacity to curtail appetite, especially when high-forage diets are ingested. Present information suggests that the intake of high-concentrate diets is regulated by other or additional means. It has been proposed that body fat depots of fat animals may release substances that depress appetite or that the adipose tissue of thin cows may utilize some unknown products of digestion at a greater rate than does the adipose tissue of fat cows to increase intake by thin cows. In fat ruminants, digestibility of energy may be depressed at a lower intake of feed than it is in thin ones, as the level of intake increases. Whether the energy requirement for maintenance is influenced by body fatness in cattle is unsettled; in sheep, the maintenance requirement does not appear to be different for fat and thin animals. for body gain, the net utilization of the metabolizable energy ingested above maintenance appears unaffected by the degree of fatness in ruminants of the same sex. Additional study is needed to determine the effect of body fatness on the energy requirement of maintenance in cattle, especially in the lactating cow.
MITIGATING YOUTH RADICALIZATION AND VIOLENT EXTREMISM: THE CASE OF TÜRKİYE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Today, the problems of violent extremism and radicalization in Türkiye and its neighbouring geography need to be addressed in the context of rapid political and social changes and transformations. On the other hand, Türkiye, which has been the target of radicalism-induced violence and terrorism for many years and has lost many of its citizens and paid a high price for it, needs evidence-based and reliable information that will serve as the basis for developing policies and strategies to combat violent extremism, radicalization and terrorism. This study, which aims to contribute to the limited national literature on violent extremism and radicalization, focuses on radicalization trends among young people and examines the preventive measures taken by public institutions against violent extremism and radicalization and other related studies. Within the scope of the research, focus group interviews were conducted with experts working in public institutions in Turkey that directly work with young people. The interviews were used to explore awareness, knowledge, experience and institutional memory of radicalization in public institutions. The results of the interviews and data from the literature review were analysed and evaluated. It is expected that the findings and recommendations of the study will contribute to policy and strategy development studies of relevant institutions and organizations.
National Cultural Сode: Moral and Ethical Aspects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article attempts to determine whether certain moral norms are part of the Russian cultural code, as well as the specific features of these norms and the extent to which Russians agree on them. To answer these research questions, large-scale AI language models (ChatGPT, Gemini, etc.) were used to generate a picture of the diversity of approaches to studying the cultural code of nations in global scholarship and conduct a global bibliometric analysis, the results of which are also presented in the article. Based on these results, an empirical analysis of survey data from 2000, 2015, and 2024 from the Institute of Sociology of the Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as data from the 7th wave of the World Values ​​Survey (WVS), was conducted. It demonstrated that Russians are characterised by a specific system of moral norms that differ both from those typical of nominal West and those characteristic of the &amp;quot;global majority”, suggesting that a number of these norms can be considered a separate element of the national cultural code. According to the study, these include: a persistently negative attitude toward homosexual relations and related lifestyle aspects (same-sex marriage, etc.) while allowing for a relatively high degree of freedom in heterosexual relations; a categorical rejection of treason, which is complemented by the prevalence of norms that ensure peace in a multiethnic and multi-religious country; and a denial of the permissibility of enrichment at the expense of others. A widespread as compared to other countries moral relativism regarding the fulfillment of one's obligations to the state (paying taxes, etc.) was also revealed, although at the normative level, the majority of Russians still recognise the inadmissibility of evading these obligations. Dynamic analysis demonstrated the consistent, widespread prevalence of these norms, while cluster analysis demonstrated the heterogeneity of Russians´ perceptions of moral norms and confirmed that some of them are stable enough to be included in the nation's cultural code. It can also be considered proven that the category of cultural code itself can be applied in sociological research.
Aspects of Disability in Rheumatoid Arthritis : a five-year follow-up in the Swedish TIRA project

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive disease, often leading to disability. Because the disease course develops rapidly during the first years after diagnosis, more knowledge is needed about the early disease course to minimize later disability. This thesis describes the course of disability in early RA such as hand function, pain intensity, activity limitation and sick leave. In addition, this thesis compares disability between women and men and compares disability between RA patients and referents. This thesis is primarily based on data from the 320 patients that were included in the multi-centre project in Sweden called ‘Early interventions in rheumatoid arthritis’ (TIRA). A wide range of outcome variables was registered between 1996 and 2006 during regular follow-ups from time for diagnosis through the eight-year follow-up. Outcome regarding disease activity and disability of RA patients still remaining in TIRA at the three and five year follow-up respectively are used in this thesis. Data concerning sick leave were obtained for the patients during six years (1993-2001) – three years before and three years after diagnosis. Referents were included in two of the studies. Data regarding disability in referents were obtained according to hand function and activity limitation using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Data for sick leave were obtained for six years in referents, for the same period as the RA patients. For most variables, disability in RA was most pronounced at time of diagnosis but before intervention started. Disability was then reduced already at the 3-month follow-up and thereafter affected but stable during the following five years. The exception was participation, reflected by sick leave, a variable that was stable from inclusion to three years from diagnosis. Activity limitation, pain intensity and sick leave in RA that represents different aspects of disability were explained by other aspects of disability and contextual factors rather than by disease activity. RA affects women and men differently in some aspects. Women had more severe course of activity limitations than men according to HAQ. Men were more affected than women in range of motion, although the differences were small in a clinical perspective. However, pain intensity and frequency of sick leave did not differ between women and men. Patients with RA have pronounced disability in relation to referents although several variables improve soon after diagnosis. This discrepancy refers to hand function as well as activity limitations and sick leave. The frequency of sick leave increased during the year before diagnosis in relation to referents and was thereafter high compared to sick leave in referents.
Directions of adaptation of agricultural market to the climate change

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Pisarenko V. Directions of adaptation of agricultural market to the climate change / V. Pisarenko, P. Pisarenko,
V. Pisarenko, O. Gorb // Management of the 21st Century: Globalization Challenges. Issue 2: Collective monograph / In edition I.A. Markina. – Prague: Nemoros s.r.o., 2019. – P. 112 – 118. (0,25 др. арк.)
Effective Thinking Strategies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine if teaching efficient thinking strategies would increase students learning of basic addition math facts as measured by timed tests, student interviews, interviews with teachers, and the districts basic facts data. Basic addition facts are facts that are a single digit plus a single digit. The efficient thinking strategies include "count on to add," use "doubles to add," and "make ten." The research suggests that basic facts need to be improved. Students should be reasoning, problem solving, communicating, and making connections in math to learn the basics. These strategies will .help students understand math better. Students need to recognize the importance of reflecting on their thinking and be able to learn from their mistakes. By using a variety of efficient thinking strategies such as counting on to add, using doubles to add, and making ten, students can improve on basic addition facts.
Problems of Orthopaedic Appointment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

When the diathermy is applied to the thorax or neck of an insulated patient the shortest electrical path is through the anaes- thetic tubing and machine or the anaesthetist, who usually has bare hands and conducting boots.When patients are intubated, the endotracheal tube is non-conducting when dry, and electrical contact is first made with the metal connector, which can easily make contact with the skin of the face but is often
Tolfenamic acid in combination with caffeine: absorption during acute migraine.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tolfenamic acid is an anti-inflammatory analgesic which is used in the treatment of migraine attacks. Because caffeine is used in certain analgesic combinations, its effects on the absorption of tolfenamic acid was studied in a crossover study in migraine patients. Caffeine did not significantly change the absorption of tolfenamic acid during migraine attacks. The extent of absorption following oral administration of tolfenamic acid is decreased during migraine attacks, irrespectively if the volunteers received caffeine or placebo in combination with the drug. The reasons are discussed. It seems obvious that the migraine itself is responsible for the lack of absorption that cannot be counteracted with caffeine. Pain relief within a five-hour testing period was not influenced by concomitant administration of caffeine. It is concluded that tolfenamic acid alone is sufficient in treating migraines.
APPLICATION OF BI-DIMENSIONAL EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION (BEMD) IN EXTRACTION OF PLATINUM AND PALLADIUM ANOMALIES FEATURES

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) is applied to analyze nonstationary Platinum (Pt) and Palladium (Pd) concentration data in the eastern Yunnan Province, the southwestern China. Two kinds of Pt and Pd anomalies are obtained. One is the regional Pt and Pd anomalies shown in the BIMF 3 component; the other is the local Pt and Pd anomalies shown in the BIMF 2 component. It has been illustrated by further study that the regional Pt and Pd anomalies associated with the Emeishan basalts formed in Permian are distributed along deep-seated faults such as the Xiaojiang fault and the Xundian–Xuanwei fault, and that the local Pt and Pd anomalies related to Pt and Pd mineralization are distributed along some secondary faults of the deep-seated faults. Thus, the local Pt and Pd anomalies controlled by some secondary faults of the deep-seated faults are prospective areas for finding Pt and Pd deposits. In conclusion, BEMD can be effectively applied in extracting different size of geochemical anomalies.
Analyte-Reactive Amphiphilic Thermoresponsive Diblock Copolymer Micelles-Based Multifunctional Ratiometric Fluorescent Chemosensors

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report on the fabrication of amphiphilic thermoresponsive diblock copolymer micelle-based multifunctional ratiometric fluorescent chemosensors for metal ions (Hg<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup>), pH, and temperatures. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair consisting of 4-(2-acryloyloxyethylamino)-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBDAE) donor and rhodamine B-based potential acceptor (RhBHA) in the spirolactam form with pH and Hg<sup>2+</sup>(Cu<sup>2+</sup>)-reactive characteristics were respectively copolymerized into the hydrophobic PS and thermoresponsive PNIPAM block of P(St-<i>co</i>-NBDAE)-<i>b</i>-P(NIPAM-<i>co</i>-RhBHA) amphiphilic diblock copolymers, where PS and PNIPAM represent polystyrene and poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide). In aqueous solution, the FRET pair-labeled diblock copolymer self-assembles into nanosized micelles with NBDAE moieties located in the micellar cores and RhBHA in the thermoresponsive coronas. Because of that Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions and acidic pH can induce the transformation of RhBHA from the nonfluorescent spirolactam form to highly fluorescent acyclic form, and the FRET process between NBDAE and RhBHA moieties, located respectively within micellar cores and coronas, can be effectively switched on. Thus, these nanosized micelles can serve as excellent ratiometric fluorescent probes for Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions and pH, accompanied by fluorometric transition from green to orange and colorimetric change from almost colorless to pink. At a micellar concentration of 0.05 g/L and 25 °C, the detection limit of Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions can be down to ∼14.8 ppb. On the other hand, Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions can quantitatively induce the ring-opening of RhBHA moieties and afford nonfluorescent residues, which can effectively quench the NBDAE emission. On the basis of the relative changes in NBDAE emission intensities, the Cu<sup>2+</sup> detection limit can be down to ∼4.3 ppb. Most importantly, the spatial distance of the FRET pair can be facilely tuned via thermo-induced collapse of PNIPAM micellar coronas, which dramatically increase the FRET efficiency and enhance the pH detection sensitivity. This work represents a proof-of-concept example of amphiphilic block copolymer micelles-based multifunctional ratiometric fluorescent probes for two types of metal ions (Hg<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup>), pH, and temperatures, which augurs well for their potential applications as nanocarriers with integrated functions such as imaging, sensing, and controlled-release of therapeutics.