jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Research on Particle Filter Based on an Improved Hybrid Proposal Distribution with Adaptive Parameter Optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although it has attracted widespread attentions in the nonlinear filtering field, particle filter algorithm exists the sample degradation problem. In order to improve the algorithm performance, an improved hybrid proposal distribution with adaptive parameter optimization for particle filter is studied. Firstly, based on the performance analysis of different proposal distribution, a hybrid proposal distribution with fixed annealing parameter (called improved hybrid proposal distribution) is utilized to consider current information of the latest observed measurement. Then, aimed at the deficiency about annealing parameter using fixed value, improved hybrid proposal distribution with adaptive optimization of annealing parameter is proposed by comparison with the relationship among true state, observational data and forecast data based on proposal distribution. With the simulation program, the performance of the proposed strategy is evaluated and its validity is verified.
The identification of the site of action of NN′-dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide as a proteolipid in mitochondrial membranes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mitochondrial membranes were incubated with NN′-dicyclohexyl[14C]carbodi-imide, which irreversibly inhibited the partial reactions of oxidative phosphorylation by 95–100%. Solutions of the membranes were analysed on polyacrylamide gels. Of the radioactivity recovered from the gels 90% was shown to be associated with a single protein of molecular weight about 10000. The radioactive protein and associated phospholipid was solubilized from the membrane by extraction with chloroform–methanol mixtures and was concentrated 50-fold by solvent fractionation and adsorption chromatography on Sephadex LH-20. Several protein–radioactivity peaks were obtained by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. However, 90–100% of the radioactivity in each peak was shown to be associated with a single protein similar to the major radioactive protein observed in electrophoretograms of the membrane solutions. It is concluded that dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by reacting covalently with a group on this chloroform–methanol-soluble protein. The possible role of this protein in oxidative phosphorylation is discussed.
Stochastic Block Model Reveals Maps of In Applied Mathematics Studies Using VOS Viewer

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Bibliometric analysis is the mapping of research research trends by processing metadata from Google Scolar. The aim is to find out research trends in applied mathematics. The research was conducted on April 30, 2021 through searching the Google Scholar database with the keywords applied mathematics with the publication name journal and the maximum number of results is 500 journals as a sample. Metadata retrieval using the Publish or Perish (POP) application version 7.31. The PoP data were then analyzed descriptively based on the publication year, publisher name, researcher productivity, and journal ranking. To get an accurate map of research developments, PoP data is exported to Exel CSV and Result as RIS file formats. The CSV data was created in a pivot table and the RIS data was analyzed using the VOSViewer (VV) application. The results of the research show that the number of publications of research results in the years 2005-2021 has fluctuated and is mostly published in Elsevier. The most prolific foreign researcher in publishing research results is Biher Bist with 14 articles. The VV visualization shows that the map of the development of applied mathematics research is divided into 5 clusters. Cluster 1 consists of 27 topics, cluster 2 consists of 15 topics, cluster 3 consists of 10 topics, cluster 4 consists of 7 topics, and cluster 5 consists of 3 topics with the most research covering mathematics, paper, problem, solution, system, university, department, science.
Evaluation of uncertainty estimations for Gaussian process regression based machine learning interatomic potentials

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Uncertainty estimations for machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) are crucial for quantifying model error and identifying informative training samples in active learning strategies. In this study, we evaluate uncertainty estimations of Gaussian process regression (GPR)-based MLIPs, including the predictive GPR standard deviation and ensemble-based uncertainties. We do this in terms of calibration and in terms of impact on model performance in an active learning scheme. We consider GPR models with Coulomb and Smooth Overlap of Atomic Positions (SOAP) representations as inputs to predict potential energy surfaces and excitation energies of molecules. Regarding calibration, we find that ensemble-based uncertainty estimations show already poor global calibration (e.g., averaged over the whole test set). In contrast, the GPR standard deviation shows good global calibration, but when grouping predictions by their uncertainty, we observe a systematical bias for predictions with high uncertainty. Although an increasing uncertainty correlates with an increasing bias, the bias is not captured quantitatively by the uncertainty. Therefore, the GPR standard deviation can be useful to identify predictions with a high bias and error but, without further knowledge, should not be interpreted as a quantitative measure for a potential error range. Selecting the samples with the highest GPR standard deviation from a fixed configuration space leads to a model that overemphasizes the borders of the configuration space represented in the fixed dataset. This may result in worse performance in more densely sampled areas but better generalization for extrapolation tasks.
Nature of the Antigenic Complex Recognized by T Lymphocytes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Nonimmune (2 × 13)F1 guinea pig T lymphocytes initially stimulated with trinitrophenyl- (TNP) modified macrophages from one parental strain and then treated with bromodeoxyuridrine (BUdR) and light are unable to be primed subsequently with TNP-modified macrophages of the same parental strain. In contrast, these BUdR and light treated F1 T cells can be primed with TNP-modified macrophages of the other parental strain. These results demonstrate that in a nonimmune F1 animal two T cell subpopulations exist before priming that are genetically predisposed to respond to antigen associated with macrophages derived from one or the other parent.
Genetic polymorphism of clopidogrel metabolism related gene CYP2C19 gene in Chinese from Foshan area of Guangdong Province

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Our study is a report on the genetic basis of CYP2C19 polymorphism in the Foshan population. Our results will potentially contribute to the improvement of pharmacotherapy effectiveness by providing personalized medicine for the Foshan population.
Per se performance revealed exploitable variability for nutritional quality and yield traits in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) germplasm

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To assess per se performance, thirty-six genotypes along with 4 checks were investigated in a RBD in Kharif, 2019 at ICAR-NBPGR Regional Station, Hyderabad, Telangana state.The analysis of variance for quality and yield characters revealed significant genetic variations among 40 genotypes for 10 traits in the current investigation.The result of the mean performance of forty genotypes for ten traits revealed that EC-596940 was best in performance for mean fruit weight (13.30g), per plant fruit yield (0.439 kg) and per hectare fruit yield (21933.3 kg).Genotype IC-561670 had performed superior for ascorbic acid (134.01 mg/100g).High capsanthin content (358.67ASTA units) in genotype IC-208534 and maximum chlorophyll content (2.32 %) in EC-628901 were registered.Genotype IC-561673 was found superior for capsaicin content (0.58%).Three genotypes, viz., EC-596940, IC-278055, and IC-561614 were found to be best and promising based on their per se performances for yield and its attributing traits.Genotypes, IC-561670, IC-561614, EC-628901, IC-528876, IC-208534, EC-402105, IC-561673 and IC-561619 were identified as promising ones for four quality parameters.Hence, these identified chilli genotypes can be released for commercial cultivation for the farmers after multi-location trials and over varied seasons.
Design and Synthesis of the Potent, Orally Available, Brain-Penetrable Arylpyrazole Class of Neuropeptide Y5 Receptor Antagonists

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Novel arylpyrazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor antagonists. Compound (-)-7, which features a novel chiral 2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]naphthalene moiety, showed good binding affinity and antagonistic activity for the Y5 receptor. After intracerebroventricular administration in SD rats, (-)-7 significantly inhibited food intake that was induced by the centrally administered Y5-preferring agonist, bovine pancreatic polypeptide, but had only a negligible effect on NPY-induced feeding.
Plants vs. Einstein: The Semantic Bio-Energy Revolution (E = mc² + λS)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We propose a fifth fundamental force based on semantic acoustic fields—a coupling between sound, meaning, and biological energy. This theory introduces a semantic correction to Einstein’s mass-energy relation, suggesting that meaning itself contributes to energy in biological systems. We quantify this effect using acoustic intensity, semantic valence, and emotional arousal. Our results indicate that structured language input can subtly shift biological energy distribution in plants, supported by prior studies on sonic agriculture and semantic crystallization. This dataset includes: Theoretical derivation of the extended energy model Python scripts for semantic field calculation Waveform visualizations and semantic overlays Controlled plant response datasets References to prior sonic biology research The proposed equation is detailed in the full paper and supported with reproducible code and experiment plans. Author: PSBigBig📧 Contact: hello@onestardao.com🔗 All papers: https://onestardao.com/papers
Asymmetric Raman lines caused by an anharmonic lattice potential in lithium niobate

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Spontaneous Raman scattering experiments were performed in stoichiometric and congruent ${\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3}$, MgO:${\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3}$, and ZnO:${\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3}$ in the temperature range from 20 to 500 K. The temperature dependent broadening and asymmetry of the Raman lines of the optical phonons with ${\mathrm{A}}_{1}$ symmetry is interpreted as the superposition of a series of Raman lines caused by transitions between higher levels in the anharmonic potential for the ionic motion and the decay of the optical phonon into two acoustic phonons. The Raman linewidths in the various doped and undoped ${\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3}$ crystals differ by a temperature independent scattering term.
He Aroka Urutā. Rural health provider perspectives of the COVID-19 vaccination rollout in rural Aotearoa New Zealand with a focus on Māori and Pasifika communities: a qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction From a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic perspective, Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) rural residents formed an at-risk population, and disparities between rural and urban COVID-19 vaccination coverage have been found. Aim To gain insight into factors contributing to the urban–rural COVID-19 vaccination disparity by exploring NZ rural health providers’ experiences of the vaccine rollout and pandemic response in rural Māori and Pasifika communities. Methods Rural health providers at four sites participated in individual or focus group semi-structured interviews exploring their views of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. Thematic analysis was undertaken using a framework-guided rapid analysis method. Results Twenty interviews with 42 participants were conducted. Five themes were identified: Pre COVID-19 rural situation, fragile yet resilient; Centrally imposed structures, policies and solutions – urban-centric and Pakehā focused; Multiple logistical challenges – poor/no consideration of rural context in planning stages resulting in wasted resource and time; Taking ownership – rural providers found geographically tailored, culturally anchored and locally driven solutions; Future directions – sustained investment in rural health services, including funding long-term integrated (rather than ‘by activity’) health services, would ensure success in future vaccine rollouts and other health initiatives for rural communities. Discussion In providing rural health provider perspectives from rural areas serving Māori and Pasifika communities during the NZ COVID-19 vaccine rollout, the importance of the rural context is highlighted. Findings provide a platform on which to build further research regarding models of rural health care to ensure services are designed for rural NZ contexts and capable of meeting the needs of diverse rural communities.
Chemical characteristics, source apportionment, and regional contribution of PM2.5 in Zhangjiakou, Northern China: A multiple sampling sites observation and modeling perspective

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region in China suffers frequent and heavy pollution from particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5). Despite the extensive studies conducted in this region, there are insufficient data on the chemical composition, formation mechanism, potential sources, and regional transport contribution of PM2.5 in Zhangjiakou, Hebei province. In this study, the chemical and spatiotemporal variation in PM2.5 in Zhangjiakou were investigated at four urban sites in Zhangjiakou in 2019. The mean (± standard deviation, SD) observed PM2.5 concentration was 43.0 ± 34.2 μg/m3. The concentrations of PM2.5 and its major components were generally higher in the south than in the north, and in winter than in summer. The major chemical components were organic matter (OM, 31.8%), secondary inorganic ions (SIA, 25.7%), and mineral dust (14.7%). Higher NO3−/EC, SO42−/EC, sulphur oxidation ratios (SOR), and nitrogen oxidation ratios (NOR) were observed on pollution days, implying intense secondary production of nitrate during pollution periods. Heterogeneous reactions were important contributors to secondary sulphate formation. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) proportions (i.e., SOC/OC and SOC/EC ratios) decreased markedly from clean days to heavy pollution days in response to enhanced primary organic carbon (POC) emissions on pollution days. The source contributions varied among sites, seasons, and pollution levels according to positive matrix factorization (PMF) model; combustion and SIA sources were the key factors for air pollutant emission reduction. Small-scale and short-distance air mass transport from the northwestern and southern regions greatly impacted PM2.5 pollution according to potential source analysis. Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF) was coupled with Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx), and found that regional transport contributed significantly to PM2.5 pollution in Zhangjiakou (74.6%). The results of this study indicate that joint prevention and control of regional air pollution would meaningfully improve air quality in the BTH region.
Advances in production of high-value lipids by oleaginous yeasts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The global market for high-value fatty acids production, mainly omega-3/6, hydroxy fatty-acids, waxes and their derivatives, has seen strong development in the last decade. The reason for this growth was the increasing utilization of these lipids as significant ingredients for cosmetics, food and the oleochemical industries. The large demand for these compounds resulted in a greater scientific interest in research focused on alternative sources of oil production - among which microorganisms attracted the most attention. Microbial oil production offers the possibility to engineer the pathways and store lipids enriched with the desired fatty acids. Moreover, costly chemical steps are avoided and direct commercial use of these fatty acids is available. Among all microorganisms, the oleaginous yeasts have become the most promising hosts for lipid production - their efficient lipogenesis, ability to use various (often highly affordable) carbon sources, feasible large-scale cultivations and wide range of available genetic engineering tools turns them into powerful micro-factories. This review is an in-depth description of the recent developments in the engineering of the lipid biosynthetic pathway with oleaginous yeasts. The different classes of valuable lipid compounds with their derivatives are described and their importance for human health and industry is presented. The emphasis is also placed on the optimization of culture conditions in order to improve the yield and titer of these valuable compounds. Furthermore, the important economic aspects of the current microbial oil production are discussed.
Probabilistic shaping for ROF system with heterodyne coherent detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We investigate and compare the performance of normal and probabilistic shaping (PS) 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) in a photonic vector millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal generation system adopting heterodyne coherent detection. And we obtain a better bit-error ratio (BER) performance in the PS 16QAM scheme compared to the normal 16QAM scheme in the simulation. We also for the first time experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of PS-polarization-division-multiplexing 16QAM in a photonic vector mm-wave signal generation system employing heterodyne coherent detection. We obtain the same BER in PS and normal schemes with the PS scheme providing a higher bit rate. Then we experimentally carry out the performance investigation of PS in a 16QAM-modulated radio over fiber system with 40 m wireless transmission.
Waveguide characteristics of real optical strip waveguides

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A study is reported of the influence of the parameters of real thin-film optical strip waveguides on their waveguide characteristics (propagation constants, localization of the mode field, etc.) allowing for the presence of transition layers in a transverse cross section of the base planar waveguide, for the real geometry of this section (which is nearly trapezoidal), and for the thickness of the guiding strip. Analytic expressions are obtained for the optical confinement coefficient and the effective mode format of a weakly guiding symmetric strip waveguide. It is shown that the coefficient representing the fundamental E11x(y) mode is practically independent of the relative thickness t /h (h is the thickness of the base planar waveguide) of the guiding strip provided t /h≥0.5. The corrections to the normalized effective refractive indices of the base planar and strip waveguides are found in order to allow for the real geometry and for the refractive index profile in the strip waveguide.
Regeneration of Activated Carbon Sutured Hexavalent Chrome

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to prevent a simple pollution transfer and for the purpose of valorization of the process of activated carbon treatment, this one, saturated with pollutants should not increase the pollution mass of household waste. Indeed, an adsorbent offers a real interest only if it can be easily regenerated. This work addresses to the becoming the activated carbon after being saturation with hexavalent chromium. The activated carbon should not be stored directly, since the acid rain waters might leach some heavy metals. This would contaminate the soil and water resources. For this, it should be treated after use and returned to its original structure and chemical composition for an eventual future use with a good yield of re-adsorption. Within this work, the use of a base (KOH) has recovered an amount of hexavalent chromium retained by the activated carbon CAB. This one, regenerated was again used to secure the hexavalent chromium ions during several cycles. Regeneration test results have shown that the efficacy of CAB remains almost constant during the first four cycles of reuse and then decreases during the fifth cycle.
The Structure and Dynamics of the Upper Chromosphere and Lower Transition Region as Revealed by the Subarcsecond VAULT Observations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Very high Angular resolution ULtraviolet Telescope (VAULT) is a sounding rocket payload built to study the crucial interface between the solar chromosphere and the corona by observing the strongest line in the solar spectrum, the Ly-a line at 1216 Å. In two flights, VAULT succeeded in obtaining the first ever sub-arcsecond (0.5") images of this region with high sensitivity and cadence. Detailed analyses of those observations have contributed significantly to new ideas about the nature of the transition region. Here, we present a broad overview of the Ly-a atmosphere as revealed by the VAULT observations, and bring together past results and new analyses from the second VAULT flight to create a synthesis of our current knowledge of the high-resolution Ly-a Sun. We hope that this work will serve as a good reference for the design of upcoming Ly-a telescopes and observing plans.
The Use of a Magnetic Intramedullary Nail for Management of a Symptomatic Nonunion Following Shortening Osteotomy to Treat Leg-Length Discrepancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Watch this full-length, narrated surgical video demonstrating the use of a magnetic intramedullary nail for management of a symptomatic nonunion following shortening osteotomy to treat leg-length discrepancy.
Different emergence phenology of European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The phenology of insect emergence affects reproductive success and is especially critical in short-lived species. An increasing number of studies have documented the effects of thermal and other climatic variations and of unpredictable habitats on the timing of adult insect emergence within and between populations and years. Numerous interacting factors may affect the phenology of adult emergence. Host-plant quality and availability is a key factor that has been largely neglected in studies of the phenology of phytophagous insects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of host plant characteristics on the rate of larval growth and the pattern of emergence in a wild population of Lobesia botrana (European grapevine moth), a significant pest in European vineyards. The phenology of emergence differed significantly among the six tested varieties of grapes. The percentage of bunches harboring pupae was similar among the different grape varieties, and the total number of pupae collected was similar to the number of emerging adults per bunch. Among the six varieties of grapes, 0–25 pupae were produced on each bunch. Each of the grape varieties had a single wave of emergence, in which males emerged before females, but their emergence phenology differed significantly in Chardonnay, Chasselas, and Pinot grapes. Both genders had extended durations of emergence in Merlot grapes. Together, the present results show that the characteristics of the grape host plant affect the emergence phenology of L. botrana.