jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis in policy impact assessment

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Impact evaluators of large-scale and multi-domain policy proposals have had difficulties in aggregating detailed assessment results into summative evaluative conclusions. Assumptions about how to aggregate impacts from micro to macro level across multiple evaluation domains (economic, social, natural environment) differ and different approaches produce different end results. An aggregation problem arises because different policy impacts are not fully commensurable across scales (micro-meso-macro) and across domains of evaluation. A new approach to synthesis of results is proposed that takes incommensurability of policy impacts into account. Detailed impact assessments results are first partially aggregated into an input-output matrix of assessment domains (meso level) and then non-diagonally situated partial aggregates, defined as secondary impacts, are correlated. The aggregation problem is illustrated by the comparative assessment of the sustainability of the development program for the Pomurje region of Slovenia using three methods: micro (no aggregation of impact results), macro (full aggregation) and meso (partial aggregation) approaches. Only the meso approach is consistent with the complexity of the challenge.
Friendly neighbors method for unsupervised determination of gene significance in time-course microarray data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The abundance of a significant portion of the temporal induction-repression expression pattern of a gene among other genes in a time-course data is an indication of its non-randomness. The significance of the portions that match between two gene profiles can be derived using binomial analysis or its variant. Considering the induction-repression pattern alone is both meaningful and significant since the related genes induced/repressed in a given period may not show the same exact shape of induction/repression. Further, microarray measurements are of low quality, which might make expression patterns of related genes less similar. Based on this observation we developed an algorithm called friendly neighbors (FNs). This algorithm finds the significance score of a gene as the number of genes in the same experiment that share its induction-repression pattern more than a certain threshold. The concept of friendly neighbors is different from that of nearest neighbors. A neighbor that satisfies certain similarity condition is called friendly neighbor where as a nearest neighbor is the most similar neighbor of all neighbors. This leads to the observation that all friendly neighbors does not necessarily be nearest neighbors, vice versa. The FNs approach has been applied to discover putative estrogen target genes and to detect cell cycle regulated genes in S. cerevisiae. The new approach performed better than paired t-test and simple expression level based filtering methods on estrogen target gene discovery. It did significantly well on cell cycle regulated gene discovery in the absence of task-specific knowledge. Its performance is better than commonly used Fourier transform method and fold change methods. Apart from detecting cell cycle regulated genes, it also detected other prominent patterns which could be detected only by more complicated clustering and data analysis methods. Availability: http://giscompute.gis.a-star.edu.sg/FNs.
Life Sciences teaching in the 21st century: A Paradigm shift

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The development of a quality teaching corps is a ‘primary condition for educational transformation’ (NEPI 1993:235). According to McGrath (2008) the quality of teachers and their teaching has a significant impact on the quality of learning. The quality of learning could be linked to excellence in education and could be achieved through new, innovative reasoning. This could be obtained by implementing new and innovative skills and techniques that should adhere to the creative and innovative planning of the curriculum (DBE 2011:8). It is therefore expected of the educators (lecturers and teachers) to create and sustain a stimulating and supportive learning and teaching environment. Within the evolving world of education the focus has clearly moved from a teacher-centred classroom practice to a more learner-centred approach as reflected in the curriculum for Life Sciences (Department of Education 2003). The challenge is the confrontation of teachers to teach Life Sciences on a cognitive as well as affective level in order to reach all learners in the 21st century. New curriculum initiatives suggests adaption and changes in the educators’ practice. This article presents a theoretical study, aiming to report on rethinking Life Science education in the 21st century in South Africa. It is therefore imperative to take note of the needs and challenges in creative Life Science teaching and education for the 21st century. High quality research in Biological education is needed that could afford the chance to form and remould the profession of a Life Science educator.
Frege – The Unintentional Linguist. On Frege’s Views of Language in the Context of 19th Century German Linguistics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sein ganzes berufliches Leben hindurch betrachtete Frege die Sprache als eine gefährliche Bedrohung des wissenschaftlichen Erkennens, der mit allen Mitteln der Logik zu begegnen war. Im ersten Teil des Aufsatzes wird aufgezeigt, wie Frege diese Auffassung in oft unbewusster und ungewollter Übereinstimmung mit gleichzeitigen Tendenzen sowohl in der deutschen Linguistik (Becker, Steinthal, Paul, Wundt) als auch in der deutschen Sprachkritik (Gruppe, Nietzsche, Mauthner) entwickelte und wie sein epistemologischer 'Kampf gegen die Sprache' mit einer bitteren persönlichen und professionellen Niederlage endete. Der zweite Teil des Aufsatzes enthält eine Rekonstruktion von Freges logischer Grammatik sowie eine Darstellung des linguistischen Argumentes, das für Freges endgültiges (und tragisches) Akzept vom Sprachskeptizismus entscheidend wurde (das sogenannte Fregesche Paradox). Der Aufsatz schließt mit einer Evaluierung der Relevanz des Fregeschen Paradoxes für die heutige Linguistik.
The Development of Moral Circles

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, we present the perspective that moral cognition develops in the context of moral circles—boundaries within which people are thought to hold moral obligations toward one another. Moral circles are an early-emerging feature of human cognition, arising from domain-general processes of conceptual development. We review evidence for moral circles in adult cognition and behavior, as well as across childhood, and discuss the consequences of moral circles for children's judgments and behaviors. We conclude with suggestions as to how research might explore ways of reducing the extent to which children rely on social groups as they navigate the world.
Continuous intragastric pH monitoring: a real progress in the assessment of antisecretory drugs.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

24 hour intragastric pH recording by means of an indwelling minielectrode which is connected to an ambulatory apparatus is unquestioned in the assessment of the pharmacodynamic properties of potent antisecretory drugs. pH measurements obtained with this continuous monitoring have been shown to be more accurate than those provided by the traditional hourly nasogastric aspiration method. We used this technique to evaluate the effects on gastric acidity of placebo, ranitidine 150mg, famotidine 20mg and nizatidine 150mg in fifteen patients with healed duodenal ulcer. These medications were orally administered at 22:00hr in a double-blind fashion on four separate occasions at least one week apart. All H2-receptor blockers were more effective than placebo in suppressing both circadian (p less than 0.001) and nocturnal (p less than 0.0001) gastric acidity, while there was no significant difference between the effects of the three active agents in the same time periods. During morning hours (8:00-12:00) both ranitidine and nizatidine did not differ from placebo, and famotidine produced more acid inhibition than nizatidine (p less than 0.03). However, in the same period the percent of time spent above pH 4.0 was significantly superior (p less than 0.00001) for both famotidine (33%) and ranitidine (14.2%) with respect to nizatidine (6%) and placebo (8.4%). Therefore, after bedtime dosing, the action of nizatidine is more confined to the nocturnal period than those of ranitidine and famotidine.
Earthquake Deformation of Centrifuge Model Banks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A modified sliding block analysis, which allows the sliding resistance to be nonlinear visco‐elastoplastic, has been developed to predict deformations of embankments during earthquakes. Contrary to the assumption (of the original Newmark sliding block analysis) that a distinct slip surface forms, the centrifuge models were observed to deform along relatively wide shear bands during base shaking. The sliding resistance provided by a wide shear band is better characterized by visco‐elastoplastic than rigid‐plastic behavior. A detailed analysis concerning rational parameter selection is included. The modified analysis is used to predict the deformation of clay embankment centrifuge models during simulated earthquakes, with good agreement between experiment and theory. The centrifuge modeling technique is shown to be a useful tool for development, tuning, and verification of analytical models, especially in the subject of earthquake engineering where detailed field evidence is in acute shortage.
Lichenized fungi (Ascomycota) from Dupkata Reserve (Rhodopi Mts, Bulgaria)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Results from the study on lichens in the Dupkata protected area, Rhodopi Mts are presented. Fifty-one species of lichen-forming fungi were reported for the first time from the Reserve. Among them, Arthopyrenia analepta s.l. and Lecanora argentata were new records from the Rhodopi Mts. Data on some rarely recorded and less common species in Bulgaria were briefly discussed.
Chemo-radiotherapy for olfactory neuroblastoma: cases report and literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: A 48-year-old female patient diagnosed as olfactory neuroblastoma was treated by radiotherapy 70 Gy in 35 fractions (2 Gy per fraction) to right nasal mass, right ethmoid sinus mass, bilateral upper 2/3 neck lymphadenopathy in 2010, and concurrent intravenous Cisplatin 30 mg/m2 for one course. Tumor was gradually decreased in size without recurrence for 9 years. The second case was a 38-year-old male patient treated with induction chemotherapy by intravenous Etoposide + carboplatin for 4 courses during March to May in 2011 and followed by radiotherapy 70 Gy in 35 fractions (2 Gy per fraction) to ethmoid mass & bilateral level IIa lymphadenopathy during June to August in 2011. He was disease free without recurrence for 8 years. These two cases demonstrated that definitive chemo-radiotherapy would be an alternative treatment option for locally advanced olfactory neuroblastoma. They received definitive chemo-radiotherapy and experienced good local control without recurrence for more than 8 years. However, the further study for optimal regimen of chemotherapy is warranted.
A cost analysis of web-enhanced training to reduce alcohol sales to intoxicated bar patrons.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Given the large damage liability awards faced by establishments that serve alcohol to drunk drivers, establishments or their insurance companies may be willing to pay the $1,588 estimated implementation cost in order to limit their exposure to these large damage awards. Therefore, making interventions such as eARM available could be an effective and sustainable policy for reducing alcohol-related incidents.
One-shot detection of light ellipticity using a two-dimensional quantum material device

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Detection of light ellipticity is of crucial importance for target imaging and recognition in complex scenarios. However, it has been challenging to achieve one-shot detection of light ellipticity by a single conventional optoelectronic device, due to coupling between light intensity and polarization. Here, we realize one-shot detection of light ellipticity by using a single four-terminal valley Hall device based on monolayer MoS2 quantum material. The device can decouple the light intensity and the elliptical polarization and enable simultaneous detection of the light intensity and the elliptical polarization by using photoconduction and valley Hall effects. We show that the light ellipticity can be directly detected by measuring the Hall resistance of the device, which is defined as the ratio between the Hall voltage and the photocurrent. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our proposed approach can be used for detecting microplastics present in soil at a higher recognition precision than conventional approaches. Our work highlights the potential of exploiting unique properties of 2D quantum materials for multi-dimensional perception of optical information.
PROF. N.N. FENOMENOV Operational obstetrics. Lectures read to students of the Imperial Kazan University with 10 tables of lithographed drawings. Kazan 1892 Dr. I.O.Danilovich

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Until now, in Russian literature, there was only one original guide to operational obstetrics, on which a whole generation of Russian doctors and obstetricians were brought up. This is a major work of Academician A. Ya. Krassovsky ("Operational obstetrics with the inclusion of a study on the irregularities of the female pelvis"), which has already been published in 4 editions. The undoubted and generally recognized qualities of this manual: completeness, detailed and clear presentation of each operational application, as well as indications and contraindications, detailed historical and literary references, etc., make it a classic study and such a book of each specialty obstetric. But for students and practical doctors it is rather difficult to use the manual of Academician Krassovsky, since its study requires a lot of time, which students and practical doctors usually do not have.This, in my opinion, explains a fairly significant number of translated short textbooks of operational obstetrics (Stahl) on lectures 'a, (Schaut'а, Fritsch'а, etc.), appearing in print.
Towards the Selection of an Optimal Global Geopotential Model for the Computation of the Long-Wavelength Contribution: A Case Study of Ghana

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The selection of a global geopotential model (GGM) for modeling the long-wavelength for geoid computation is imperative not only because of the plethora of GGMs available but more importantly because it influences the accuracy of a geoid model. In this study, we propose using the Gaussian averaging function for selecting an optimal GGM and degree and order (d/o) for the remove-compute-restore technique as a replacement for the direct comparison of terrestrial gravity anomalies and GGM anomalies, because ground data and GGM have different frequencies. Overall, EGM2008 performed better than all the tested GGMs and at an optimal d/o of 222. We verified the results by computing geoid models using Heck and Grüninger’s modification and validated them against GPS/trigonometric data. The results of the validation were consistent with those of the averaging process with EGM2008 giving the smallest standard deviation of 0.457 m at d/o 222, resulting in an 8% improvement over the previous geoid model. In addition, this geoid model, the Ghanaian Gravimetric Geoid 2017 (GGG 2017) may be used to replace second-order class II leveling, with an expected error of 6.8 mm/km for baselines ranging from 20 to 225 km.
Dyslipidemia and Associated Factors among People Living with HIV on Dolutegravir-based Antiretroviral therapy in Central Uganda

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This dataset accompanies a cross-sectional study that assessed the prevalence of and factors associated with dyslipidemia among adults living with HIV on dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in central Uganda. The research was guided by the hypothesis that DTG-based ART is associated with a high burden of dyslipidemia, and that specific demographic, clinical, and anthropometric characteristics may influence this risk. The data were collected from 281 systematically sampled adults who had been on DTG-based ART for at least six months, attending care at Kira Health Centre IV in Wakiso District. The dataset includes information obtained through structured interviewer-administered questionnaires, medical record reviews, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory testing. Variables captured include age, sex, education, ART duration, lifestyle behaviors, comorbidities, viral load, body mass index, waist and hip circumference, and fasting lipid profiles including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides. Data were collected by trained research assistants following standardized procedures, and all laboratory analyses were conducted in certified clinical laboratories. The study found that 44.1% of participants had dyslipidemia, with low HDL cholesterol being the most common abnormality, affecting 39.9% of the sample. Elevated total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were less common, affecting 5.7% and 5.0% of participants, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors, and waist circumference demonstrated a moderate ability to predict dyslipidemia with an area under the ROC curve of 0.577 (95% CI: 0.511–0.644). This dataset provides valuable insight into the metabolic complications associated with modern HIV treatment regimens in sub-Saharan Africa. It highlights the need for routine lipid monitoring and risk assessment among patients on DTG-based ART. The data can be interpreted to explore associations between ART and cardiovascular risk, assess the predictive value of obesity indices, and inform guidelines on the management of non-communicable disease comorbidities in HIV care settings. Researchers, clinicians, and public health practitioners may find this dataset useful for secondary analyses, modeling, or policy development. Ethical approval was obtained, and all participants provided informed consent. The data have been anonymized and prepared for safe public sharing.
A preliminary list of the birds of Wayne County, Ohio

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Technical Series of the bulletins of this Station was begun as a channel for the publication and presirvation of papers, the incidental product of the investigations of the Station, but which, by reason of their technical character, are of interest chiefly to those engaged in scien- tific research.While the papers thus far published in this series are all mo*e or less fragmentary and many relate to other lines of work, the leading object in view has been the collection of material which may some day be worked into a systematic biological survey of the State, this to serve as the basis of a more accurate knowledge than is now possessed for the prosecution of the more distinctively economic work.
Geographic variation in the Japanese islands of Apis cerana japonica and in A. cerana populations bordering its geographic range

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genetic variation among Apis cerana japonica isolates from Japan \nand Apis cerana isolates from the neighboring areas of Russia, South Korea, \nand Taiwan was determined from DNA sequences of the mitochondrial DNA \nnon-coding region (between tRNA leu and COII). Three haplotypes were \nidentified among 470 colonies samples at 47 Japanese sites. All isolates \nfrom the main Japanese Islands of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu belonged to a \nsingle haplotype, a previously reported Japan 1 haplotype. Two new \nhaplotypes were found on the far southern Japanese islands of Amami-Oshima \nand Tsushima (the Japan 3 and Japan 4 haplotypes, respectively). The A. \ncerana from Russia and South Korea were the Japan 1 isolate, the A. cerana \nfrom Taiwan was the previously known Taiwan haplotype. Our studies showed \nlittle genetic variation in the mtDNA of A. cerana japonica, indicating that \nthis genomic region is of limited use for detecting genetic variation among \nclosely related populations of A. cerana.\n
Monotonicity of an Integral of M. Klass

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

For each value of $\\beta, 0 < \\beta < 2$, the integral $$\\int^\\infty_{-\\infty} \\{1 - \\exp(-x^{-2}\\sin^2tx)\\}|t|^{-1-\\beta}dt$$ decreases monotonically as a function of $x, x > 0$. This result is useful in approximating the absolute $\\beta$th moment of the sum of zero mean i.i.d. random variables.
Issues Affecting the Greening of TVET Programs for Sustainable Development in Kenya: A Case of TVET Institutions in Nairobi County

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Kenya's Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions are adept at developing new skill training and educational programs to meet the changing green labour market. The issues of responding to a green economy, environmental sustainability, climate change, and mitigation are different in different sectors of the economy. TVET institutions face the prospect of systemically transforming education and training programs with limited market intelligence and an increasing sense of urgency. This paper explores the issues affecting the greening of TVET programs in Kenya for sustainable development. The study was guided by the implementation evaluation model Jansen (2010), which examined the differences between what are intended, what has happened or other aspects of the program that should be accepted. Descriptive survey design was adopted and mixed research that incorporated quantitative and qualitative approaches was used. The study employed simple random, stratified, and proportionate probability sampling techniques. There were 20 TVET institutions in Nairobi County and the researcher sampled 15 teachers in every institution hence the sample size was 300. Using simple random sampling, the respondents were stratified into departments and questionnaires administered. Data collected was processed, coded, and analyzed to facilitate the answering of the research questions using descriptive statistics. The findings show that there was insufficient integrated sustainable development content training, lesser promotion of technical skills for a transition to a greener economy, insufficient enhanced policy coherence and coordinated implementation of training, and inadequate curriculum development and implementation strategies. The TVET sector should therefore integrate sustainable development into training and enhance policy coherence and coordinated implementation of education and training.