jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
320: Anatomical Basis for Dorsal Onlay Urethroplasty of the Posterior Urethra

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster, Sunday, May 22, 2005, 10:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 2005320: Anatomical Basis for Dorsal Onlay Urethroplasty of the Posterior Urethra Christian Gozzi, Michael Mitterberger, Germar-Michael Pinggera, Ralf Herwig, Nikolai Leonhartsberger, Georg C. Bartsch, and Hannes Strasser Christian GozziChristian Gozzi More articles by this author , Michael MitterbergerMichael Mitterberger More articles by this author , Germar-Michael PinggeraGermar-Michael Pinggera More articles by this author , Ralf HerwigRalf Herwig More articles by this author , Nikolai LeonhartsbergerNikolai Leonhartsberger More articles by this author , Georg C. BartschGeorg C. Bartsch More articles by this author , and Hannes StrasserHannes Strasser More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)34585-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "320: Anatomical Basis for Dorsal Onlay Urethroplasty of the Posterior Urethra." The Journal of Urology, 173(4S), p. 88 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 4SApril 2005Page: 88 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Christian Gozzi More articles by this author Michael Mitterberger More articles by this author Germar-Michael Pinggera More articles by this author Ralf Herwig More articles by this author Nikolai Leonhartsberger More articles by this author Georg C. Bartsch More articles by this author Hannes Strasser More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Designing separation systems in capillary electrophoresis based on the fundamental physicochemical properties of analytes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This thesis strives to develop an integrative approach towards separation design in capillary electrophoresis (CE) based on the fundamental physicochemical properties of analytes. It is divided into four main sections to deal with four important aspects of separation design in CE which include theory, selectivity, assay development and sensitivity. The use of additives in CE represents one of the most powerful ways to separate analytes in a mixture, since both electric field (mobility) and equilibria (affinity) are used in the separation process. Section A developed a theory to describe the migration behaviour of analytes in CE when using additives in the run buffer. The mobility of an analyte can be predicted at any additive concentration, capillary length, or voltage for rapid and systematic optimization of separation conditions. Section B involved the synthesis, characterization and application of TESMR, a water-soluble aromatic based macrocycle, as a new type of additive in CE. Separation of neutral species is accomplished by imparting an electrophoretic mobility to the analytes via differential complexation with TESMR. The development and validation of two different quantitative assays by CE is presented in Section C. A simple and sensitive method to analyze the γ-carboxyglutamic acid content of protein, urine and plasma is developed using CE with laser-induced fluorescence detection. The second assay involved the development of a robust method for the quantification of epinephrine in fifteen different dental anesthetic solutions. Selective on-line focusing of analytes using a discontinuous electrolyte system is presented in Section D as a facile way to improve concentration sensitivity in CE when using UV detection. Large volumes of a dilute sample can be focused into extremely sharp zones by carefully selecting appropriate sample and background electrolyte conditions. A summary of the results of the thesis and possible future endeavours is also discussed, as well as an integrative framework towards separation design in CE.
Cultivation of Candida utilis WSH02-08 for Production of Glutathione by Amino Acids Addition Strategy

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The effects of amino acids addition on glutathione production of C.utilis WSH 02-08 were investigated.The results showed that two-step amino acids addition could greatly increase GSH production level.The optimal conditions for two-step amino acids addition strategy were obtained as follows:4 mmol/L L-cysteine was added after 10 h cultivation,and a mixture of three amino acids(L-glutamic acid,L-cysteine and glycine) was added at 16 h.The optimum concentrations of those three amino acids(8 mmol/L L-glutamic acid,8 mmol/L L-cysteine and 12 mmol/L glycine) were obtained by orthogonal experiments,GSH concentration and intracellular GSH content reached to 290.1 mg/L and 3.22%.Combining the amino acids addition strategy and high-cell-density cultivation by glucose feeding,20 mmol/L L-cysteine was added at 36 h,and then the three amino acids(40 mmol/L L-glutamic acid,40 mmol/L L-cysteine and 60 mmol/L glycine) were added at 45 h,GSH concentration and intracellular GSH content reached to 1725.3 mg/L and 3.29%,which were higher(111.4% and 100.6%) than those of high-cell-density cultivation(816 mg/L and 1.64%).
[Inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiovascular diseases, including acute coronary syndromes (ACS), are one of the most serious problems of modern medicine and therefore every year 4 million Europeans have died. It is now believed that elevated levels of inflammatory factors in the blood promotes the development cardiovascular events and chronic inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Intensively conducted research in many centers in the world can confirm the desirability of introducing anti-inflammatory therapy to standard drug therapy. The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory processes affect the risk of developing ACS.
Table_1_Mono- and biallelic germline variants of DNA glycosylase genes in colon adenomatous polyposis families from two continents.xlsx

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Recently, biallelic germline variants of the DNA glycosylase genes MUTYH and NTHL1 were linked to polyposis susceptibility. Significant fractions remain without a molecular explanation, warranting searches for underlying causes. We used exome sequencing to investigate clinically well-defined adenomatous polyposis cases and families from Finland (N=34), Chile (N=21), and Argentina (N=12), all with known susceptibility genes excluded. Nine index cases (13%) revealed germline variants with proven or possible pathogenicity in the DNA glycosylase genes, involving NEIL1 (mono- or biallelic) in 3 cases, MUTYH (monoallelic) in 3 cases, NTHL1 (biallelic) in 1 case, and OGG1 (monoallelic) in 2 cases. NTHL1 was affected with the well-established, pathogenic c.268C>T, p.(Gln90Ter) variant. A recurrent heterozygous NEIL1 c.506G>A, p.(Gly169Asp) variant was observed in two families. In a Finnish family, the variant occurred in trans with a truncating NEIL1 variant (c.821delT). In an Argentine family, the variant co-occurred with a genomic deletion of exons 2 – 11 of PMS2. Mutational signatures in tumor tissues complied with biological functions reported for NEIL1. Our results suggest that germline variants in DNA glycosylase genes may occur in a non-negligible proportion of unexplained colon polyposis cases and may predispose to tumor development.</p>
Realization of rhombohedral, mixed, and tetragonal like phases of BiFeO3 and ferroelectric domain engineering using a strain tuning layer on LaAlO3(001) substrate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

BiFeO3 (BFO), a room temperature multiferroic, undergoes a series of structural transformations under varying strain conditions by utilizing appropriate substrates for a specific strain condition. In this study, epitaxial thin films of BFO were grown on La0.7Sr0.3MnO3±δ (LSMO), a strain tuning layer on LaAlO3[LAO (001)] substrates, using pulsed laser ablation. LSMO layers of varying thicknesses from 2 nm to 20 nm were grown followed by a BFO layer of a fixed thickness (20 nm). A strained layer of ∼2 nm thick LSMO stabilizes the tetragonal like phase of BFO. Increasing the thickness of the LSMO layer to 10 nm results in a mixed phase with rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) domains, and a further increment of the LSMO layer thickness to 20 nm stabilizes the rhombohedral phase of BFO. The tetragonal phase with weak monoclinic distortion possessed 180° domains with dominant out-of-plane polarization components. However, the mixed phase (R + T) possessed various plausible polarization components in both out-of-plane and in-plane directions. Further, a thermodynamically consistent model based on the phase field approach was implemented to investigate the role of strain on the formation of domain patterns with various polarization components and piezoelectric coefficients. The simulated domain structure exhibited a similar transformation on the dominant polarization components as observed in experiments across different phases of BFO. Our simulations show that the elastic constraint along the z-direction enhances the tetragonality of BFO. The piezoelectric (d33) coefficient was found to be ∼46 pm/V for the 20 nm mixed phase BFO, which was nearly a 200% increment compared to the single phase BFO thin films on LAO.
Experimental investigations on a centrifugal pump stage with and without a vaned diffuser

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cet article présente des expériences réalisées sur un étage de pompe centrifuge pour vérifier l'effet de l'interaction rotor-stator sur la performance totale de la roue de même sur l'écoulement en aval de la roue. l'air a été utilisé comme fluide de test. Des mesures des pressions stables et instables à différent taux de pression (de 0,8 à 1,2) ont été réalisées en amont et aval d'une roue radiale avec ou sans pale. Pour un écoulement moyen dans chaque position de traverse axiale, les fluctuations de pression moyenne de l'ensemble sont présentés.
Regulation of homocytotropic antibody formation in the rat. II. Effect of X-irradiation.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Homocytotropic antibody (HTA) formation, as measured by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test, was enhanced, although after a delay, and prolonged by 400 R whole body x-irradiation given shortly before through 8 days after immunization of rats with dinitrophenylated Ascaris extracts (DNP-As) plus killed Bordetella pertussis. Delayed enhancement and prolonged production were most striking when x-irradiation was given 1 day before to 2 days after initial immunization. An adjuvant effect of 400 R was produced in rats immunized with DNP-As alone omitting B. pertussis. As evidenced by passive hemagglutinin titers after 2-ME treatment, the production of γG antibody was greatly suppressed by 400 R x-irradiation. Two possible pathways to account for the irradiation effects on HTA formation were postulated, i.e., the enhancement of γM antibody and the suppression of 7S γG antibody resulted in a defective humoral feed-back regulation, and the depletion of certain populations of lymphoid cells, probably of thymic origin, caused cellular regulatory disturbances.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: pathophysiological concepts and treatment options

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is continually increasing due to the global obesity epidemic. NAFLD comprises a systemic metabolic disease accompanied frequently by insulin resistance and hepatic and systemic inflammation. Whereas simple hepatic steatosis is the most common disease manifestation, a more progressive disease course characterized by liver fibrosis and inflammation (i.e. non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) is present in 10–20% of affected individuals. NAFLD furthermore progresses in a substantial number of patients towards liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Whereas this disease now affects almost 25% of the world’s population and is mainly observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes, NAFLD also affects lean individuals. Pathophysiology involves lipotoxicity, hepatic immune disturbances accompanied by hepatic insulin resistance, a gut dysbiosis, and commonly hepatic and systemic insulin resistance defining this disorder a prototypic systemic metabolic disorder. Not surprisingly many affected patients have other disease manifestations, and indeed cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and extrahepatic malignancies are all contributing substantially to patient outcome. Weight loss and lifestyle change reflect the cornerstone of treatment, and several medical treatment options are currently under investigation. The most promising treatment strategies include glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor antagonists, sodium–glucose transporter 2 inhibitors, Fibroblast Growth Factor analogues, Farnesoid X receptor agonists, and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor agonists. Here, we review epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic options for NAFLD.
Between ‘East’ and ‘West’, the Meaning of the Mediterranean in Modern Greece, and Possibly Elsewhere as Well

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The idea of the Mediterranean in Greece was superimposed not only on a continuous struggle over unidentifiable ‘essences’ and national ‘meanings’ but also on the congenital ambivalence of a self-image partaking of both the East and the West. Providing a general matrix which may be inclusive of all domestic geocultural references and antinomies, it is ideally suited to transcending the original dualisms that have haunted modern Greek self-images. If ideas can be seen as pertinent in function of their specific problem-solving capacity, Greece may well be considered as the Mediterranean country par excellence.
Developement of passive liquid fuel cell

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Fuel Cell is a kind of electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy from fuels into electrical energy directly. Recently, developments in wireless and portable communication devices including laptop computers, mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) have encountered the need for high energy density power sources for consumer use. However, the lithium-based battery or other rechargeable battery can’t meet the requirement of high power and long lifespan. DMFC, as the most promising candidate, attract the world’s attention because of many advantages, such as greater power density due to the use of liquid methanol, longer runtime owing to the larger capacity, instant recharging by injecting methanol and lower weight compared with conventional batteries, as well as simpler and more compact structure. Comparing to active DMFC stack, passive DMFC possesses even simpler and more compact structure because there is no any other luxurious accessories, such as pump to transfer fuel, blower or compressor to supply air or oxygen.
Aspiration and drowning

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Food may enter the airway as it is traveling from the mouth to the stomach or it may be regurgitated. Frequently deaths involve elderly individuals or persons with neurological disorders; however, death from such causes can occur in any age group. A good example is the “café coronary” where middle-aged individuals die suddenly during a meal with no signs of distress. At autopsy, these people often have large pieces of food lodged in the pharynx or larynx. The mechanism is thought to be related to the vaso-vagal reflex. The discovery of food in the airway is by no means diagnostic of aspiration. Gastric contents are commonly found in the larynx and the trachea after death. The presence of food in the small airways is also commonly seen during review of microscopic slides of the airways. The best way to determine if an aspiration event occurred is by the history. If survival is prolonged, a vital reaction may occur in the airway resulting in inflammation and necrosis. Often this is a late change and not seen if death was less than a few hours after the event. When gastric contents are seen microscopically and no other lesions are identified at autopsy, it is tempting to attribute death to aspiration, especially in cases of sudden infant death. This approach can have devastating consequences for families who may believe that they missed an episode of vomiting that may have caused the infant’s death.
Biodegradable microparticulate drug delivery system of diltiazem HCl

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The efficacy of a drug in a specific application requires the maintenance of appropriate drug blood level concentration during a prolonged period of time. Controlled release delivery is available for many routes of administration and offers many advantages (as microparticles and nanoparticles) over immediate release delivery. These advantages include reduced dosing frequency, better therapeutic control, fewer side effects, and, consequently, these dosage forms are well accepted by patients. Advances in polymer material science, particle engineering design, manufacture, and nanotechnology have led the way to the introduction of several marketed controlled release products and several more are in pre-clinical and clinical development. The objective of this work is to prepare and evaluate diltiazem HCl loaded albumin microparticles using a factorial design. Albumin (natural polymer) microparticles were prepared by emulsion heat-stabilization method. Selected formulations were characterized for their entrapment efficiency, particle size, surface morphology, and release behavior. Analysis of variance for entrapment efficiency indicates that entrapment efficiency is best fitted to a response surface linear model. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy of the microparticles revealed a spherical, nonporous and uniform appearance, with a smooth surface. The geometric mean diameter of the microparticles was found to be 2-9 µm, which more than 75% were below 3.5 µm and drug incorporation efficiency of 59.74 to 72.48% (w/w). In vitro release profile for formulations containing diltiazem HCl loaded BSA microparticles with heat stabilization technique shows slow controlled the release of the drug up to 24 hours. The release pattern was biphasic, characterized by an initial burst effect followed by a slow release. All selected microparticles exhibited a prolonged release for almost 24 hours. On comparing regression-coefficient (r²) values for Hixson Crowel, Higuchi and Peppas kinetic models, different batches of microparticles showed Fickian, non-Fickian, and diffusion kinetics. The release mechanism was regulated by D:P ratio. From the statistical analysis it was observed that as the drug:polymer (D:P) ratio increased, there was a significant increase in the encapsulation efficiency. Based on the particle size, entrapment efficiency and physical appearance, DTM-3 formulations were selected for in vivo release study and stability study. The in vivo result of drug loaded microparticles showed preferential drug targeting to liver followed by lungs, kidneys and spleen. Stability studies showed that maximum drug content and closest in vitro release to initial data were found in the formulation stored at 4 ºC. In present study, diltiazem HCl loaded BSA microparticles were prepared and targeted to various organs to satisfactory level and were found to be stable at 4 ºC.
Finite-time singularity formations for the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation in dimension two

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We construct finite time blow-up solutions to the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation (LLG) from ${\mathbb R}^2$ into $S^2$ \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} u_t= a(Δu+|\nabla u|^2u) -b u\wedge Δu &\ \mbox{ in }\ {\mathbb R}^2\times(0,T), u(\cdot,0) = u_0\in S^2 &\ \mbox{ in }\ {\mathbb R}^2, \end{cases} \end{equation*} where $a^2+b^2=1,~a > 0,~ b\in {\mathbb R}$. Given any prescribed $N$ points in $\mathbb{R}^2$ and small $T>0$, we prove that there exists regular initial data such that the solution blows up precisely at these points at finite time $t=T$, taking around each point the profile of sharply scaled degree 1 harmonic map with the type II blow-up speed \begin{equation*} \| \nabla u\|_{L^\infty } \sim \frac{|\ln(T-t)|^2}{ T-t } \ \mbox{ as } \ t\to T. \end{equation*} The proof is based on the {\em parabolic inner-outer gluing method}, developed in \cite{17HMF} for Harmonic Map Flow (HMF). However, a direct consequence of the presence of dispersion is the {\em lack of maximum principle} for suitable quantities, which makes the analysis more delicate even at the linearized level. To overcome this difficulty, we make use of two key technical ingredients: first, for the inner problem we employ the tool of {\em distorted Fourier transform}, as developed by Krieger, Miao, Schlag and Tataru \cite{Krieger09Duke,KMS20WM}. Second, the linear theory for the outer problem is achieved by means of the sub-Gaussian estimate for the fundamental solution of parabolic system in non-divergence form with coefficients of Dini mean oscillation in space ($\mathsf{DMO_x}$), which was proved by Dong, Kim and Lee \cite{dong22-non-divergence} recently.
RNA-interference based screen identifies new factors important for NF-kappaB activation and termination

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The transcription factor NF-kappaB is a key mediator of the innate immune system. Although tremendous research efforts over the past decades have led to a more and more detailed understanding of NF-kappaB signaling, there are still missing pieces in the puzzle, especially upstream of the IKK complex and in the termination of the signaling. To identify more of the factors important for this signaling pathway we have conducted an RNA-interference based screen.

For this purpose, we have developed an assay for high throughput analysis using a human epithelial cell line stably expressing a p65-GFP-fusion construct. The nuclear translocation of p65-GFP can be quantified by automated microscopic analysis. Three different stimuli were compared: the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL1-beta and the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. We chose H. pylori as inducer because permanent infection with this bacterium can lead to chronic inflammation, ulceration and cancerogenesis and NF-kappaB is thought to be crucial in the promotion of this pathology. Furthermore, using different time points of the activation, we screened not only for factors important for activation, but also for termination of the signal.

In terms of activation, the screen identified known factors like IKKalpha and IKKbeta as well as factors so far not linked to the NF-kappaB pathway. Interestingly, two factors were identified that are specific for NF-kappaB activation after H. pylori infection and not necessary for NF-kappaB activation by the cytokines TNFalpha or IL-1beta. Regarding termination, the screen identified among other factors an ubiquitin E3-Ligase so far not linked to the pathway. Upon down-regulation of this E3-Ligase, p65-GFP resides longer in the nucleus. This correlates with a strong degradation of IkappaBalpha. The screen was conducted with a library of siRNAs against 646 kinases and associated proteins, and is currently expanded to a genome wide scale.