jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SPONTANEOUS HEMOPNEUMOTHORAX IN A HEMOPHILIAC

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite the diversity of hemorrhagic complications encountered in patients with hemophilia, bleeding within the chest is uncommon. In 1943, review of the early literature by Freedman and associates1revealed only two cases of hemorrhagic disease complicated by hemothorax; neither patient was a hemophiliac. These authors reported a 22-year-old man with a familial history and laboratory studies characteristic of hemophilia, whose spontaneous hemothorax was treated successfully by repeated thoracenteses and "numerous small transfusions." A similar case had been reported by Pendergrass and Neuhauser2the year before. In 1957, Kay and Kupfer3reported a spontaneous hemothorax in a proved hemophiliac successfully treated by thoracenteses and infusions of antihemophilic globulin. In 1953, in the Polish literature, Juszczynski4reported a stab wound of the chest successfully treated by thoracotomy in a presumed hemophiliac. The response of this patient to stored bank blood suggests that this was actually a case of
Microcantilver-based DNA hybridization sensors for Salmonella identification

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The detection of pathogenic microorganisms in foods remains a challenging since the safety of foodstuffs has to be ensured by the food producing companies. Conventional methods for the detection and identification of bacteria mainly rely on specific microbiological and biochemical identification. Biomolecular methods, are commonly used as a support for traditional techniques, thanks to their high sensitivity, specificity and not excessive costs. However, new methods like biosensors for example, can be an exciting alternative to the more traditional tecniques for the detection of pathogens in food. In this study we report Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis DNA detection through a novel class of label-free biosensors: microcantilevers (MCs). In general, MCs can operate as a microbalance and is used to detect the mass of the entities anchored to the cantilever surface using the decrease in the resonant frequency. We use DNA hybridization as model reaction system and for this reason, specific single stranded probe DNA of the pathogen and three different DNA targets (single-stranded complementary DNA, PCR product and serial dilutions of DNA extracted from S. Enteritidis strains) were applied. Two protocols were reported in order to allow the probe immobilization on cantilever surface: i) MC surface was functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde and an amino-modified DNA probe was used; ii) gold-coated sensors and thiolated DNA probes were used in order to generate a covalent bonding (Th-Au). For the first one, measures after hybridization with the PCR product showed related frequency shift 10 times higher than hybridization with complementary probe and detectable signals were obtained at the concentrations of 103 and 106 cfu/mL after hybridization with bacterial DNA. There are currently optimizations of the second protocol, where preliminary results have shown to be more uniform and therefore more precise within each of the three hybridizations.
“The Jewish Offensive”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The publication of Freud's Moses and Monotheism in 1939 was met with considerable controversy from religious figures, historians, biblical scholars, and other academics. Eran Rolnik's chapter offers us a detailed account of the initial reactions to the book through the lens of one particular group, the members of the Palestine Psychoanalytic Society. This was a deeply inquisitive and intellectually vibrant group which thought carefully and critically about Freud's often heretical stances in Moses. His speculation that Moses was originally an Egyptian and that monotheism, too, was an Egyptian creation, was seen by many as offensive and also dangerous because such claims would negate the very essence of Judaism, in effect, a bastardization of the religion. Rolnik immerses us in the lively and sometimes acerbic exchanges between the participants, some of whom wanted to "turn him into a kind of ancient prophet" and others seeing Freud as a turncoat against his own people.
Global Changes in Mycoplasma gallisepticum Phase-Variable Lipoprotein Gene vlhA Expression during In Vivo Infection of the Natural Chicken Host

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the primary etiologic agent of chronic respiratory disease in poultry, a disease largely affecting the respiratory tract and causing significant economic losses worldwide. Immunodominant proteins encoded by members of the variable lipoprotein and hemagglutinin ( vlhA ) gene family are thought to be important for mechanisms of M. gallisepticum -host interaction, pathogenesis, and immune evasion, but their exact role and the overall nature of their phase variation are unknown. To better understand these mechanisms, we assessed global transcriptomic vlhA gene expression directly from M. gallisepticum populations present on tracheal mucosae during a 7-day experimental infection in the natural chicken host. Here we report differences in both dominant and minor vlhA gene expression levels throughout the first week of infection and starting as early as day 1 postinfection, consistent with a functional role not dependent on adaptive immunity for driving phase variation. Notably, data indicated that, at given time points, specific vlhA genes were similarly dominant in multiple independent hosts, suggesting a nonstochastic temporal progression of dominant vlhA gene expression in the colonizing bacterial population. The dominant expression of a given vlhA gene was not dependent on the presence of 12-copy GAA trinucleotide repeats in the promoter region and did not revert to the predominate vlhA gene when no longer faced with host pressures. Overall, these data indicate that vlhA phase variation is dynamic throughout the earliest stages of infection and that the pattern of dominant vlhA expression may be nonrandom and regulated by previously unrecognized mechanisms.
Problem Solving, Planning, and Innovation. Part II. Speculations for Theory and Practice

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper argues that the Program Planning Model (PPM) provides a normative strategy of collective action for coping with complex problems. The argument is based on seven propositions which explain how the PPM guides complex problem solving in turbulent settings and avoids several basic limitations of alternative models of collfctive problem solving and decision making. The propositions represent new insights and speculative impressions that developed while conducting and reflecting on the longitudinal test of the PPM described in Part I of this paper (Van de Ven, 1980).
Light-induced damage to ocular lens cation pump: prevention by vitamin C.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The cation pump activity of the ocular lens was damaged by exposure to light in the presence of riboflavin phosphate. The intensity of light was similar to that used for reading purposes. The observed light-induced damage was due to superoxide or its derivatives, the superoxide being produced photochemically. Such damage was attenuated by vitamin C in amounts comparable to that in the aqueous humor. Thus, a new role for the high ascorbate level present in the anterior chamber fluid and the lens has been suggested. Ascorbate in other tissues also might have this novel physiological function of protecting against damage due to superoxide and its derivatives produced during normal cellular oxidation.
Odette Leroux, Marion E. Jackson, and Minnie Aodla Freeman. Inuit Women Artists.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Inuit Women Artists: Voices from Cape Dorset. Edited by ODETTE LEROUX. MARION E. JACKSON. and MINNIE AODLA FREEMAN. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994. 256 pp., 208 illus., 53 in color, map, bibliography. $45.00 (cloth).
Patch-occupancy survey of elephant (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) surrounding Livingstone, Zambia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Wild elephants represent the biggest human–wildlife conflict issue in Livingstone, Zambia. However, little is known about their movements. This survey investigated elephants’ habitat use outside a core protected and fenced zone that forms part of Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park, Zambia. Using ‘patch-occupancy’ methodology, indications of elephant presence (feeding behaviour, dung and tracks) were surveyed. The survey aimed to assist proposed future monitoring exercises by defining the geographical extent that should be considered to improve accuracy in species abundance estimates. Results were supplemented using collected indications of elephant presence from prior monitoring exercises, and during this survey. Elephant presence was confirmed up to 8 km from the boundary of the protected core habitat, focussed in: (1) an unfenced zone of the national park, (2) along a road leading from the national park to the Dambwa Forest to the north and (3) along two rivers located to the west (Sinde River) and east (Maramba River) of the core area. Detection probability of elephant presence was high using these methods, and we recommend regular sampling to determine changes in habitat use by elephants, as humans continue to modify land-use patterns.Conservation implications: Identification of elephant ranging behaviour up to 8 km outside of the Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park in southern Zambia will assist in managing human– elephant conflict in the area, as well as in assessing this seasonal population’s abundance.
Role of MEK inhibition in improving anti-tumor responses in xenograft models of BRAF-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

265 Background: BRAF V600E mutations occur in fewer than 10% of all patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and are associated with poor survival outcomes. Addition of anti-EGFR therapy improves responses when combined with BRAF inhibition, yet acquired resistance to targeted therapies invariably develops. Novel therapeutic approaches to deepen anti-tumor activity are warranted for patients with this subset of mCRC. Methods: Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of BRAF V600E mCRC were established and treated with vemurafenib (V) +/- cetuximab (C) until acquired resistance. DNA from resistant tumors was sequenced and compared to that of untreated controls. BRAF V600E mCRC tumors from PDX mice with acquired mutations in MAPK signaling were reimplanted into another generation of nude mice and treated with V +C or trametinib (T) + cetuximab. Results: Twelve resistant models were developed in BRAF V600E mCRC PDX models treated with V +/- C, with nine models demonstrating acquired mutations resulting in MAPK pathway re-activation, including codons 12 or 13 KRAS mutations. While sensitivity to V + C was observed in BRAF V600E /KRAS wild-type mCRC tumors, this combination demonstrated no anti-tumor response in BRAF V600E models with acquired KRAS G12R or KRAS G12D mutations. In these PDX models harboring dual BRAF/KRAS mutations, the combination of T + C generated sustained tumor regression not observed with V+C (P <.001 for both BRAF V600E / KRAS G12R and BRAF V600E /KRAS G12D models). Addition of T following resistance to V+C restored sensitivity in both models. Conclusions: Dual blockade of BRAF + EGFR has shown promise in early-phase clinical trials for patients with BRAF V600E mCRC, and MAPK pathway reactivation appears to be a critical mechanism of resistance. These results suggest that use of a MEK inhibition may reverse such acquired resistance. While MEK + EGFR targeting has been associated with excessive skin toxicity in humans, these data provide rationale for the pursuit of triple BRAF + MEK + EGFR inhibition in patients with BRAF V600E mCRC.
Convocation, or On Ways of Being Together

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In his first novel, Sortie d’usine [Factory Exit] (1982), François Bon foregrounds the experience of manual work. In a see-saw movement between book and life, the narrator senses a transitional zone in which ‘the unknown of the real’ might resonate. His later work Daewoo (2004) again explores factory life. A piece of social documentarism, it tells of the effects of de-industrialization in modern-day Lorraine. Fringe spaces such as the deserted car factory become sites of workers’ contestation. Bon sees Daewoo variously as a project and an investigation, as récit and as theatre. This generic range reflects a resourceful attempt to grasp the historical process behind modern-day societal fracture and to garner expressions of collective consciousness and the energies of social contestation. Cautious about the claims he makes for Daewoo, Bon fears in particular the inadequacy of writing to capture the lived reality confronting women factory workers whose labour has been rendered redundant in an age of global capitalism. His aspiration is to have their engagement with aesthetic production generate restorative play from their experience of marginalization. Convocation, which feeds into Daewoo’s experimental character, conveys the affective charge associated with collective, egalitarian aspiration.
An Efficient Parallel Finite-Element-Based Domain Decomposition Iterative Technique With Polynomial Preconditioning

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An efficient parallel finite element-based non-overlapping domain decomposition iterative technique formulated with polynomial preconditioned GMRES method is presented. Unlike the standard row-oriented partitioning of a matrix, the finite element based domain decomposition solver with polynomial preconditioning circumvents the assembly of matrix, reordering of matrix, redundant computations associated with the interface elements, numerical problems associated with local pre-conditioner, and costly global preconditioner construction. A dramatic reduction in parallel overhead both in terms of computation and communication results in a highly scalable solver. The parallel performance results for large-scale static and dynamic problems on the IBM SP2 and the SGI Origin are presented.
Segregation and linkage analysis of α‐N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG) levels in a black family

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract α‐N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were evaluated on serum samples from 67 persons in a large black family. These data were analyzed in conjunction with those from 126 previously tested unrelated blacks [Vance et al, 1980]. After log e tranformation, admixture analysis indicated a significantly better fit (P < .01) of a mixture of 2 normal distributions for NAG activity versus a single normal distribution. Segregation analysis using the transmission probability model of Elston and Stewart [1971] demonstrated that a genetic model fits the data better than the random “environmental” model. Thus, the existence of a major gene is suggested in the family, although the possibility of polygenic or other familial effects cannot be ruled out. These results confirm the existence of a polymorphism for NAG reported earlier in a series of White half‐sib twin families [Vance et al, 1980]. However, the estimates of the means of the three genotypes (AA, AA′, A′A′) appear to differ in the two racial groups. Thus, the data suggest either a racial polygenic effect and/or different alleles segregating in the two populations. In fact, thermal stability data [Vance et al, 1981a] suggest that at least two alleles are structurally distinct. Linkage analysis of the pedigree with 20 marker loci gave no clear indication of linkage. A lod score of 1.44 was found at 0 recombination with orosomucoid (ORM).
Making Broad Shoulders: Body-Building and Physical Culture in Chicago 1890–1920

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In February 1899, the Committee of Physical Culture of the Chicago Public School Board approved an intensive “anthropometric” study of all children enrolled in the city's public schools. The study was a detailed attempt to measure the height, weight, strength, lung capacity, hearing, and general fitness of Chicago's student population. Through 1899 and 1900, thousands of Chicago's primary, grammar, and high school students had their bodies closely scrutinized, measured, weighed, tested, and, in a few cases, diagrammed. What the School Board members wanted to know was the “fitness” of the student body. Were Chicago public school students—many recently arrived immigrants from eastern and southern Europe—vital and vigorous children who could become energetic modern workers and citizens (Figure 1)?
Overview: Knowledge Management (October 2006)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Knowledge management—an oxymoron? Indeed it might be. Knowledge cannot be managed because it is an abstract quantity. Some would argue otherwise, but eventually it comes down to the definition of knowledge. One that I tend to favor is "the sum or range of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned." However defined, we have seen knowledge management rise to its apogee in the late 1990s, and soon thereafter fall to a nadir in the new millennium. In line with the cyclic nature of our industry, knowledge management has been placed out front again. What is intriguing, however, is the variety of avenues along which corporations track that science (or is it an art?). The following are the primary tracks. Data Track. More often than not, knowledge is equated to data. While this idea is not entirely correct, data are an important cornerstone in the knowledge-management framework, and the ability to share and exchange data is a major contribution toward the gaining of knowledge. Operations Track. A critical element in any operation is that related to collaboration. Enhancing the opportunity to learn across any organization brings one closer to its optimum goals. This idea may be counter to human nature, so one might focus on developing and deploying technology and associated environments that encourage collaboration. People Track. This link is key in the knowledge-management chain because perception, discovery, and learning are "people things." It is important that people are groomed to be knowledge thinkers. This idea may be a new slant to customary career paths but is organizationally worthwhile nonetheless. The papers featured this month are good examples of each of the above tracks, providing a diverse insight into current activity in the industry at both the demand and supply level. We have all heard about the "big crew change," and we realize that it is happening. It is, therefore, refreshing to see that initiatives are in place to begin to address the challenges that such a turnover in our industry will bring with it. Knowledge Management additional reading available at the SPE eLibrary: www.spe.org SPE 95292 "Harnessing the Wisdom of Crowds—Case Study" by G. Velasquez, SPE, Halliburton, et al. SPE 95813 "Enhancing Collaboration Between Engineering and Operations—A Case Study of Alaska Work Processes" by J. Anders, SPE, BP plc, et al. SPE 99873 "The Use of Integrated Decision Making To Embed Sustainable Development" by M. Kuijper, Shell E&P, et al.
Puerarin Attenuates Ethanol Toxicity in Medaka (Oryzias Latipes) Embryos During Development

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The drugs approved by FDA for the treatment of alcoholism are not recommended for the women in pregnancy [1]. Therefore, a drug with anticraving property as well as non-toxic to fetus is required for the treatment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), a neurobehavioral disorder observed in the babies of alcoholic mothers who consumed alcohol during pregnancy. We have evaluated the potency of Radix puerariae (RP), the root extracts of a wild leguminous creeper kudzu (Pueraria montana), as an alternative natural medicine to prevent FASD using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryo-larval development as the model. Previously, we have observed that ethanol was able to induce skeletal dismorphogenesis in medaka by reducing skeletal growth in a dose-dependent manner [2]. In this experiment we have used RP and puerarin (Sigma-Aldrich) as preventive agents of ethanol-induced skeletal dismorphogenesis in medaka. RP was collected from the Lafayette County of Oxford and HPLC analysis indicated that puerarin is the major isoflavone present in the methanolic extract of RP. Fertilized medaka eggs in standard laboratory conditions (16 L: 8D, 25 0C) were exposed to RP extract (0–1.5 mg/ml) for 6 day post fertilization (dpf) and then maintained in 48 well tissue culture plate in hatching solution (one embryo/ml/well). Embryo mortality was observed on 10 dpf. In separate experiments embryos were exposed to RP (0–0.5 mg/ml), Puerarin (0.25–1 mM) with or without ethanol (300 mM) for 2 dpf and then transferred to hatching solution. The calculated IC50 of RP as determined on 10 dpf is 785.3 ± 2.66 µg/ml (n = 5). Hatched embryos on 10 dpf were used for morphometric analysis of skeletal features including the skeleton, cranium, jaw, ethmoid and hypophyseal plate. It was observed that ethanol was able to reduce the growth of all these skeletal features, however, RP or puerarin alone has no effect. When the embryos were treated together with ethanol and RP or puerarin, ethanol-induced skeletal growth reductions were attenuated specifically by puerarin. It is therefore concluded that puerarin, the major flavonoid present in RP, has the potency to prevent ethanol-induced teratogenesis during development and can be used as an alternative natural medicine for the prevention of FASD or other alcohol related disorders. Acknowledgements: This work is supported in part by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Specific Cooperative Agreement No 586408-2-0009, National Center for Natural Product Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (1RO3 AA016915) and from The Center of Research Excellence in Natural products Neurosciences (P20RR021929). References: [1] Williams SH, (2005), Amm Fm Phys, 72: 1775–1780. [2] Wang, et al. (2006), Birth Def Res 77B: 29–39.
Congenital pericardio-peritoneal communication with herniation of omentum into the pericardium. A rare cause of cardiomegaly.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A patient with a congenital defect of the pericardium with herniation of the greater omentum within the pericardial cavity is described; the condition was recognized during life.The value of echocardiography as a diagnostic tool is emphasized.Successful surgical treatment was carried out.Congenital defects of the pericardium are rare (Ellis, Leeds, and Himmelstein, I959) and only io