jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
World Monetary Arrangements

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

On 15 August 1971 the international monetary arrangements that prevailed since the end of the Second World War ceased to function. On that day the golden anchor was cut loose from the system by the United States announcement that it was no longer prepared to buy and sell gold freely in transactions with foreign monetary authorities. This was the final death blow to the tottering Bretton Woods system, for that system rested formally on the free convertibility of gold by at least one key-currency country, i.e. the United States. Severing the link between the dollar and gold at least temporarily converted the system into a combination of an inconvertible dollar standard and managed floating exchange rates. In effect the world now finds itself in a monetary interregnum pending new arrangements to replace the Bretton Woods system. The old system suffered from serious weaknesses that became increasingly evident from the 1960s onwards (e.g. the succession of currency crises) and there was no shortage of plans, schemes, etc., for reforming the system. In the event the sudden breakdown of the system, although expected for some time, presented the world's financial authorities with the task of devising a new system on the basis of extant plans that hopefully would last another twenty-five years as the Bretton Woods system did.
AU‐Guided Feature Aggregation for Micro‐Expression Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Micro‐expressions (MEs) are spontaneous and transient facial movements that reflect real internal emotions and have been widely applied in various fields. Recent deep learning‐based methods have been rapidly developing in micro‐expression recognition (MER).Still, it is typical to focus on the one‐sided nature of MEs, covering only representational features or low‐ranking Action Unit (AU) features. The subtle changes in MEs characterize its feature representation weak and inconspicuous, making it tough to analyze MEs only from a single piece or a small amount of information to achieve a considerable recognition effect. In addition, the lower‐order information can only distinguish MEs from a single low‐dimensional perspective and neglects the potential of corresponding MEs and AU combinations to each other. To address these issues, we first explore how the higher‐order relations of different AU combinations correspond with MEs through statistical analysis. Afterward, based on this attribute, we propose an end‐to‐end multi‐stream model that integrates global feature learning and local muscle movement representation guided by AU semantic information. The comparative experiments were performed on benchmark datasets, with better performance than the state‐of‐art methods. Also, the ablation experiments demonstrate the necessity of our model to introduce the information of AU and its relationship to MER.
Characterization and modeling of program/erase induced device degradation in 2T-FNFN-NOR flash memories

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we report the program/erase degradation mechanisms in two transistor (2T) Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling operated flash memories, based on extensive experimental study of the degradation characteristics of such 2T-FNFN test memory arrays and reference transistor arrays from several generation process technologies. A quantitative model has been established describing the degradation characteristics under various stress conditions (i.e. degradation due to program/erase cycling at various voltages and temperatures). A software tool has been developed to estimate the reliability performance of various products under different use conditions. This model (and tool) can also be used to estimate the product reliability performance in future process generations.
MON-046 ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA ASSOCIATED ARGININE VASOPRESSIN DEFICIENCY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Disclosure: A. Arif: None. N. Sharifi: None. S. Sun: None. Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is extremely rare, with barely understood pathomechanics and it points to an overall poor prognosis.We are reporting a case of middle-aged women diagnosed with AML and concurrent AVP-D. Case Presentation: A 53-year-old woman admitted with cough and shortness of breath was diagnosed with AML (MECOM rearrangement with inv 3 and monosomy 7). During her hospital stay, she reported new-onset excessive thirst and urination. She denied a history of brain trauma, surgery, or radiation, as well as a family history of pituitary disorders. Additionally, no identifiable cause of AVP-R was found. An MRI of the pituitary gland showed a normal pituitary gland.On examination, she appeared euvolemic, with a heart rate of 92 bpm and blood pressure of 118/75 mmHg She reported drinking approximately 3-4 liters of water daily due to thirst and dry mouth.Laboratory findings on admission revealed a sodium level of 136 mmol/L, which later increased to 151 mmol/L (reference range: 135-145 mmol/L). The patient started normalizing her sodium levels during her hospital stay by drinking ample fluids. Further evaluation with a water deprivation test demonstrated an increase in serum sodium (&gt; 145 mmol/L) and serum osmolality (&gt;300 mOsm/kg) while urine osmolality remained low, however, we were unable to give DDAVP to complete the test due to the patient’s limitation. The diagnosis of AVP-D was made as per the above results. Desmopressin was started and led to the resolution of symptoms. Discussion: AML is one of the most common leukemia in adulthood. The association with AVP-D is increasingly recognized but still rare. The cytogenetic abnormalities chiefly seen are monosomy of chromosome 7 and inversion of chromosome 3 (q21q26). A subset of cases showed MECOM overexpression which is also a consequence of chromosome 3 inversion.The timing of AVP-D is usually concomitant with AML diagnosis although few exceptions were reported. The diagnosis is made in a similar fashion although the imaging abnormalities are frequently absent.The underlying mechanism is not completely understood. It was previously hypothesized to be tumor infiltration vs. infection, although complete resolution of AVP-D with AML treatment points against this. As vasopressin is platelet-bound, some literature suggests dysmegakaryopoiesis is the primary culprit.Treatment with DDAVP leads to improvement in symptoms in 90% of patients. Most patients show decreased requirement of DDAVP and even complete resolution of AVP-D following AML treatment. The AML-associated AVP-D confers a poor prognosis due its cytogenetic abnormalities, not related to AVP-D.Most patient compensates for fluid losses by drinking excess water, although treatment of AVP-D will lead to a better quality of life and avoid hypernatremia in a setting of acute illness. Presentation: Monday, July 14, 2025
Postoperative colonic perforation in a right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia in an adult.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Congenital posterolateral hernias rarely present in the adult. We describe an unusual case that presented after a routine total abdominal hysterectomy. The patient developed acute respiratory symptoms caused by a perforated colon and hypoplastic right hemi-liver contained within a right-sided hernia. There was also an associated hypoplastic right lung. The hernia was repaired through a midline laparotomy, with no long-term complications.
Off-Spectral Analysis of Bergman Kernels

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The asymptotic analysis of Bergman kernels with respect to exponentially varying measures near emergent interfaces has attracted recent attention. Such interfaces typically occur when the associated limiting Bergman density function vanishes on a portion of the plane, the off-spectral region . This type of behavior is observed when the metric is negatively curved somewhere, or when we study partial Bergman kernels in the context of positively curved metrics. In this work, we cover these two situations in a unified way, for exponentially varying weights on the complex plane. We obtain a uniform asymptotic expansion of the coherent state of depth n rooted at an off-spectral point, which we also refer to as the root function at the point in question. The expansion is valid in the entire off-spectral component containing the root point, and protrudes into the spectrum as well. This allows us to obtain error function transition behavior of the density of states along the smooth interface. Previous work on asymptotic expansions of Bergman kernels is typically local, and valid only in the bulk region of the spectrum, which contrasts with our non-local expansions.
Nostril Capsaicin Application as a Model of Trigeminal Primary Sensory Neuronal Activation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Capsaicin was applied unilaterally to the nostril mucosa of 18 episodic cluster headache sufferers in remission. Plasma and saliva levels of substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Increase of salivary SP-LI and CGRP-LI as well as of plasma CGRP-LI occurred after capsaicin stimulation. Capsaicin-induced neurochemical changes in saliva and in plasma were compared to the changes observed during cluster headache attacks measured in a separate study. The comparative changes in SP, CGRP and VIP characterizing these two conditions suggest that trigeminal capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurones are unlikely to play any fundamental role in the mechanics of cluster headache.
Reuse of qualitative research data - community developments and needs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This document provides a report of the results of a survey conducted at the February 2023 meeting of the Data Stewards Interest Group, which focused on the CaRe&DaRe project. The project team hosted a survey at this meeting to gather input from the qualitative data community on their experiences, challenges, and needs. This will be used to create a guidance document for qualitative researchers and data stewards with the aim of increasing the amount of qualitative data that is well documented and shared for reuse whenever possible, as well as offering options in situations where sharing is less straightforward. This report introduces the CaRe&DaRe and follow-up projects that will focus on the reuse of qualitative data, as well as the Data Stewards Interest Group and the role of DANS. Next, this document presents the results from the survey DANS held during the meeting to gather community input. The report finishes with some details on the next steps for DANS in this project and the envisioned guidance to be produced and shared. Next to the report, the raw and analysed Mentimeter data are also attached. The analysed data showcases the categorisation of the answers respondents gave to the open questions and the subsequent production of Figures 4-6 in the report.
Anatomical investigation of thermally compressed wood panels

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Effects of temperature and press pressure on the anatomical structure of solid-wood panels produced by using Pinus sylvestris L. (Scotch pine) wood were evaluated. Solid wood panels with dimensions of 250 by 500 by 18 mm were hot-pressed using a laboratory hot press at a temperature of either 120°C or 150°C and pressure of either 5 or 7 MPa for 1 h. Microscopic investigations conducted by Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the highest deformation occurred in earlywood regions of all growth rings for each process condition and the distribution of deformation was not uniform in growth rings. Cell-wall thickness was observed to be an important factor in wood behavior during thermal compressing processes. The results showed clearly that the impact of pressure in wood structure is promoted by increased temperature. Significant densification was observed at the maximum temperature and maximum pressure condition employed in the study, and almost all earlywood layers showed cell collapse. The study revealed that a homogenous structure of growth rings with the uniform earlywood and latewood widths throughout the wood samples plays a major role in prevention of cell collapse. The results indicated that both process conditions and anatomical structure of the wood have an interaction.
The prevalence of visual symptoms in poppers users: a global survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction and aims The use of ‘poppers’ (volatile alkyl nitrites) has been associated with the development of visual symptoms secondary to the development of maculopathy. There are currently no data regarding the prevalence of this condition among poppers users. The aim of this study was to quantify the presence of visual symptoms among poppers users from a global cohort. Design and methods The Global Drug Survey (GDS) conducts annual anonymous online surveys of drug and alcohol use. Within the 2012 GDS, questions were inserted regarding the presence of visual symptoms in poppers users. Results The GDS received a total of 21 575 valid responses, with a total of 17 479 from the UK, Australia, USA and Eurozone. Within these areas, 5152 (29.5%) had used poppers within their lifetime and 1322 (7.6%) within the previous year. Of the ‘last year’ users, when asked the question: ‘Do you think poppers use has affected your eyesight?’, 29 (2.2%) people responded ‘yes’, 130 (10.0%) responded ‘maybe’ and 1146 (87.8%) responded ‘no (17 people did not answer). Both multiple choice and free-text responses regarding the nature of visual symptoms correlated with the central visual disturbance that would be expected from maculopathy. There was significant increased symptom prevalence with age (likelihood ratio (χ 2 )=19.0; p<0.001). Discussion and conclusions This study demonstrates that a small, yet significant from a public health perspective, proportion of poppers users have visual symptoms. Clinical correlation is required to determine whether these reported symptoms are due to poppers associated maculopathy, or an alternative cause.
Attenuating Anthropogenic Impact on Subterranean Micro-Climate: Insights from the Biospeleological Station in Postojna Cave

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Biospeleological Station (BS) in Postojna Cave, with a volume of 36,000 m3, has served as an underground biological laboratory since 1931, receiving 100,000 visitors annually. Historical cave micro-climate monitoring was performed in 1933 and 1963, and continuous monitoring of cave air temperature and carbon dioxide concentration at hourly intervals started in 2015. Micro-climatic data collected between 2015 and 2024 has helped us to understand the relationship between natural underground environment and anthropogenic impact, thereby aiding expert recommendations to cave managers for the mitigation of anthropogenic micro-climatic effects. Results strongly support the policy that, during summer, when outdoor temperatures are higher than in the cave, solid metal doors connecting the BS with the rest of the cave (Stara Jama) should be kept open. Such a simple mitigation act helps to decrease anthropogenically increased air temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations, thereby maintaining suitable micro-climatic conditions for the exhibition of cave animals. Closure during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021) resulted in the lowest temperatures recorded. BS visitation increases air temperature by 1 °C, highlighting the need for management strategies to maintain suitable conditions for cave fauna exhibition.
Piezoelectric Nonlinear Energy Sink for Broadband Attenuation of Nonlinear Vibrations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present a piezoelectric nonlinear energy sink (NES) framework for attenuation of nonlinear vibrations in a cantilever beam. The NES acts as a nonlinear piezoelectric shunt that implements linear components along with op-amp and multiplier nonlinear circuit elements to enable NES dynamics in the electrical domain. The piezoelectric NES was recently shown to provide wideband vibration attenuation in a cantilever undergoing linear mechanical vibrations. Following these recent efforts, we implement the piezoelectric NES to broadband attenuations of nonlinear vibrations of a thin cantilever beam. The model makes use of the linear modal parameters for the bimorph cantilever (PZT-5H patches connected in parallel) for the fundamental natural frequency obtained using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Circuit parameters for the linear bimorph cantilever target frequency are obtained using harmonic balance analysis. The performance of the piezoelectric NES for broadband attenuation of nonlinear vibrations is evaluated and simulations are performed by modifying the structure (with a tip mass to move its resonance frequency) without tuning the NES circuit components. Simulations are presented for a range of acceleration levels and frequency ranges to demonstrate the broadband attenuation of the nonlinear vibrations using a single circuit configuration.
Therapautic effects of treating intracranial hypertension with different dosage Mannitol alone or combined with Furosemide

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the effects of treating intracranial hypertension(ICP) with different dosage Mannitol alone or combined with Furosemide.Methods 60 patients with high ICP after all kinds of operations on cranium and brain were divided into 4 groups according to the dosage of Mannitol alone or combined with Furosemide: 0.5 g/kg Mannitol(group A),1.0 g/kg Mannitol(group B),0.5 g/kg Mannitol and 20 mg Furosemide(group C),1.0 g/kg Mannitol and 20 mg Furosemide(group D).The effective power,rebound ratio,average effective time,average amplitude of decreasing ICP,plasma osmolarity and renal function were evaluated by monitoring intracranial pressure.Results In response of the effective power,rebound ratio of ICP and average effective time,groups C and D were more noticeable than groups A and B(all(P)0.05).There was no statistical difference in the average amplitude of decreasing ICP among 4 groups.The value of plasma osmolarity raised on the 5th day and 7th day after using Mannitol alone or combined with Furosemide in each group.The increases in groups B and D were more remarkabe than that in group C((P)0.05~0.01).Compared with group C,the BUN and Cr in groups B and D raised remarkably after continuous using Mannitol for 5 days and 7 days(all(P)0.05).Conclusion Mannitol(0.5 g/kg) combined with Furosemide(20 mg) is more effective and safer in decreasing intracranial hypertension.
First Observation of an Acetate Switch in a Methanogenic Autotroph (Methanococcus maripaludis S2)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The transition from acetate production by a microorganism in its early growth phase to acetate re-uptake in its late growth phase has been termed acetate switch. It has been observed in several heterotrophic prokaryotes, but not in an autotroph. Furthermore, all reports hitherto have involved the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This study reports the first observation of acetate switch in a methanogenic autotroph Methanococcus maripaludis S2, which uses the Wolfe cycle for its anaerobic respiration. When grown in minimal medium with carbon dioxide as the sole carbon source, and either ammonium or dinitrogen as the sole nitrogen source, M. maripaludis S2 dissimilated acetate in the early growth phase and assimilated it back in the late growth phase. The acetate switch was more pronounced in the dinitrogen-grown cultures. We postulate that the acetate dissimilation in M. maripaludis S2 may serve as a metabolic outlet for the carbon overflow in the early growth phase, and the assimilation in the late growth phase may be due to the scarcity of the carbon source. Based on the primary and secondary protein structures, we propose that MMP0253 may function as the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase to catalyse acetate formation from acetyl-CoA. To verify this, we produced MMP0253 via the ligation-independent cloning technique in Escherichia coli strain Rosetta (DE3) using pNIC28-Bsa4 as the vector. The recombinant protein showed catalytic activity, when added into a mixture of acetyl-CoA, ADP, and inorganic phosphate (P i ). The concentration profile of acetate, together with the enzymatic activity of MMP0253, shows that M. maripaludis S2 can produce acetate and exhibit an acetate switch.
Relationship between P53 and survivin in human lung cancer cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective:To observe the inhibitory effects of survivin-specific siRNA on human lung cancer cell lines with different P53 statuses,and to analyse the relationship between P53 and survivin in vitro.Methods:A549(wild-type P53)and H1299(P53 absent)cells were transfected with chemosynthetic survivin siRNA.The effect of siRNA on cell proliferation was analysed by MTT assay.The changes of cell cycle and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry.The expression of survivin mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.The protein expression of survivin,P53,P21 and PARP was examined by Western blotting.Results:Endogenous survivin level in A549 cells was lower than that in H1299 cells.The mRNA and protein expression of survivin was significantly lower in siRNA group than in blank control group and non-silencing siRNA group(P0.01).Survivin-specific siRNA significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of both A549 and H1299 cells in a concentration dependent manner(P0.05),but the inhibitory effect was earlier and more efficient in A549 cells than in H1299 cells.Survivin-specific siRNA produced an increase in the G_1 fraction and a decrease in S fraction in the two cell lines,with the changes in the latter more evident.Apoptosis was found in A549 cells;PARP was cleaved and P21 and P53 protein was increased in A549 cells.The above changes were not obvious in H1299 cells. Conclusion:Endogenous survivin levels in A549(wild-type P53)cells is lower than that in H1299(without P53)cells. Inhibition of survivin by transfecting survivin siRNA can significantly up-regulate P53 protein expression in A549 cells.The effects of survivin siRNA on the cell growth,apoptosis and expression of some proteins are more prominent in A549 than in H1299 cells,suggesting that survivin and P53 might inhibit each other.
A programmable 1.5 V CMOS class-AB operational amplifier with hybrid nested Miller compensation for 120 dB gain and 6 MHz UGF

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Traditionally, CMOS operational amplifiers apply cascoding techniques to ensure an acceptable gain with a minimal number of gain stages. The use of cascode transistors, however, limits the lowest supply voltage of a CMOS op amp. Lowering the threshold voltage of the MOS process, a development already initiated by many VLSI processing facilities, does not lead to a lower minimum supply voltage of the cascode circuits. On the contrary, below a certain threshold voltage the cascode circuits cease to operate. This effect, that renders an important class of op amp circuits useless in the near future, is caused by the independence of the saturation voltage V/sub Daat/ of a MOS device from the threshold voltage V/sub th/. The proposed solution for compensation is the hybrid nested Miller compensation (HNMC) structure or multipath hybrid nested Miller compensation (MHNMC) structure. These structures are discussed and adopted in op amps realized in a standard V/sub th/=0.6 V CMOS process.< >