jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Crafting a Comprehensive Research Proposal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Today's academicians and academic fraternity are very much dependent on research. A research proposal, if accepted, provides the funds for smooth performance of the same. Hence, a proper and concise proposal is required to be drafted for easy acceptance. This chapter offers a detailed roadmap for academics navigating the intricate process of research proposal writing. It also provides a thorough examination of developing a compelling research proposal. Beginning with an exploration of the fundamental principles underlying research proposal construction, the chapter progresses to issues such as formulating research objectives, conducting a comprehensive literature review, and designing a robust methodology. Ethical considerations and budgetary planning are also addressed, ensuring researchers are equipped to navigate potential challenges ethically and financially. By synthesizing theoretical frameworks with practical guidance, this chapter serves as an invaluable resource for academicians seeking to enhance their research proposal writing skills.
Drug Trafficking Wars

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Decision making in the face of risk from law enforcement is considered from the perspective provided by theoretical models of interdependent decisions of potential drug smugglers regarding entry and the use of violence following entry. Implications of three different models of decision making under risk are examined: expected value, expected utility, and prospect theory. The theoretical results help explain many observed characteristics of drug-smuggling operations and allow clarification of some implications drawn from studies of smuggling behavior that were not considered in the context of such models.
Suppressing the Aging Phenotype of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Are We Ready for Clinical Translation?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are involved in the maintenance and regeneration of a large variety of tissues due to their stemness and multi-lineage differentiation capability. Harnessing these advantageous features, a flurry of clinical trials have focused on MSCs to treat different pathologies, but only few protocols have received regulatory approval so far. Among the various causes hindering MSCs’ efficacy is the emergence of cellular senescence, which has been correlated with specific characteristics, such as morphological and epigenetic alterations, DNA damage, ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, telomere shortening, non-coding RNAs, loss of proteostasis, and a peculiar senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Several strategies have been investigated for delaying or even hopefully reverting the onset of senescence, as assessed by the senescent phenotype of MSCs. Here, the authors reviewed the most updated literature on the potential causes of senescence, with a particular emphasis on the current and future therapeutic approaches aimed at reverting senescence and/or extending the functional lifespan of stem cells.
Serum ‘Vitamin-Mineral’ Profiles: Associations with Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk Including Dietary Patterns and Supplementation. A Case-Control Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in females worldwide. Studies evaluating the blood vitamins and minerals status in the breast cancer etiology are limited, and the results are inconclusive. This study analyzed the association between serum vitamin-mineral profiles (V-MPs) and breast cancer (BC) risk with including dietary patterns (DPs) and the use of supplements. This case-control study involved 420 women aged 40–79 years from north-eastern Poland, including 190 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases. The fasting serum concentrations of vitamins (folate, cobalamin, 25(OH) vitamin D) and minerals (iron, calcium, magnesium) were measured in 129 post-menopausal women, including 82 controls and 47 cases. Three V-MPs were derived with a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the breast cancer risk associated with serum V-MPs and serum levels of single biomarkers. The risk of BC was lower by 88% (OR: 0.12; 95% Cl: 0.02–0.88; p < 0.05) in the upper tertile of the serum ‘Iron-Calcium’ profile compared to the bottom tertile, lower by 67% (OR: 0.33; 95% Cl: 0.11–0.97; p < 0.05) at the level of serum 25(OH) vitamin D ≥24.6 ng/mL and lower by 68% (OR: 0.32; 95% Cl: 0.11–0.91; p < 0.05) at the level of serum calcium ≥9.6 mg/dL. There was an inverse association of the serum ‘Magnesium’ profile or serum level of iron with the risk of BC, which disappeared after adjustment for the set of confounders accounted for: age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status, overall physical activity, smoking status, age at menarche, number of full-term pregnancies, oral contraceptive use, hormone-replacement therapy use, family history of breast cancer, vitamin/mineral supplement use, the molecular subtype of breast cancer, and dietary patterns. No significant association was found between BC risk and the serum ‘Folate-Cobalamin-Vitamin D’ profile or serum folate, cobalamin or magnesium considered separately. These findings highlight that a higher-normal serum level of both iron and calcium, considered together as the serum profile, as well as a higher-normal serum level of calcium, considered separately, and a slightly below the normal range of serum vitamin D level may protect against breast cancer among postmenopausal women, independent of dietary patterns or the use of vitamin/mineral supplements. Therefore, the maintenance of the adequate status of vitamins and minerals and the regular monitoring of their blood markers should be included in breast cancer prevention.
SH1114300.09FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Dose estimates to the public due to

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

\n210Po activity concentrations have been measured in Lolodorf high background radiation area in cocoa beans which are hand-processed into cocoa powder for breakfast purposes to estimate radiological dose to human. 210Po has been also measured in cocoa leaves and compared to the cocoa beans 210Po content. The analysis has been carried out by CANBERRA alpha spectrometry using ion-implanted silicon detectors. 210Po activity concentrations in cocoa beans varied from 2.31 ± 0.23 to 8.09 ± 0.56 Bq.kg−1, while these values varied from 21.7 ± 0.87 to 66.67 ± 1.58 Bq.kg−1 in cocoa leaves. The corresponding mean values are 4.96 ± 1.86 and 42.54 ± 16 Bq.kg−1 on a dry weight basis respectively. The obtained values confirm the fact that 210Po activity concentrations in cocoa leaves are high compared to the cocoa beans due to the deposition of 222Rn daughters in the atmosphere. The mean radiological doses to human were founded to be 0.227, 0.134, 0.083 and 0.062 mSv/year for children 2- to 7-year-olds, 7- to 12-year-olds, 12- to 17-year-olds and for adult respectively. Ingestion of cocoa powder by the most exposed group ages (children) might not exceed the recommended dose limit for members of the public, which is 1 mSv/year.\n
Science Literacy: A Discussion and an Information-Based Definition

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recently, science literacy has been the subject of much discussion in both the scholarly and popular press.The concept of science literacy encompasses two distinct but related dimensions: the first being concerns for the quality of scientific and technical education that American students receive at all levels, and the second being deficiencies and misconceptions that exist in the overall public understanding of science.Several definitions of science literacy identify the ability to find and to use appropriate information as being a fundamental characteristic of a scientifically literate individual.Building upon this idea, this article suggests that librarians-information experts-could play a significant role in the promotion of science literacy and recommends ways by which this might be accomplished. DIMENSIONS OF SCIENCE LITERACYScience literacy has two distinct dimensions.The first relates to education, in which the concern is that U.S. students at all levels are comparatively deficient in the sciences to students in other countries.In his 1990 state of the union address, President George Bush optimistically proclaimed his goal that ''by the year 2000, U.S. students must be first in the world in rna th and science achievement."2Before this objective can be real-
RESULTS OF STUDY OF MINERAL DENSITY AND COMPOSITION OF RATS’ MANDIBLES IN EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

International scientific conference “Medicine and health care in modern society: topical issues and current aspects” : conference proceedings (November 3–4, 2022. Riga, the Republic of Latvia). Riga, Latvia : “Baltija Publishing”, 2022. 124 pages.
Electrostatic comb-drive actuator for MEMS relays/switches with double-tilt comb fingers and tilted parallelogram beams

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

MEMS relays/switches have been some of the most interesting hotspots in all kinds of MEMS devices for decades. Electrostatic actuation is the most popular actuation principle. A novel in-plane electrostatic comb-drive actuator for MEMS relays/switches was designed and fabricated. Double-tilt comb fingers and tilted parallelogram beams were proposed to achieve the requirements of MEMS relays/switches. The restoring force curve, actuation force curve, and pull-in voltage were measured. Double-tilt fingers were found to have a larger actuation force than traditional rectangular fingers, and the pull-in voltage was decreased by 25% by replacing rectangular fingers with double-tilt fingers. In addition, tilted parallelogram beams provided a convex upward restoring force curve, which was more suitable for MEMS relays/switches than the conventional force curve.
Integrated approach for prediction of centrifugal fertilizer spread patterns

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present paper proposes a numerical approach for prediction of behavior of those fertilizers spreaders based on centrifugal disc functioning. In particular results from finite element multi-body simulations provided by commercial software are used in order to define boundary conditions of field tests carried out concurrently. Results are then integrated into a mathematical model to rapidly generate distribution charts and distribution diagrams. Such integrated approach can be implemented to effectively calibrate a theoretical model which provides simulations on different machine settings conditions: as a final point simulations allow fast testing of different distribution conditions, helping definition of those which minimize the variability of the distribution itself.
Knockdown of Deptor, an mTOR binding protein, increases muscle protein synthesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Deptor is an mTOR binding protein that affects cell metabolism. The hypothesis of the present study was that knock down (KD) of Deptor in C2C12 myocytes will increase protein synthesis via stimulating mTOR-S6K1 signaling. Deptor KD was achieved using lentiviral particles containing shRNA targeting the mouse Deptor mRNA sequence, whereas the control cells were transfected with shRNA that does not target any known mammalian sequence. KD reduced Deptor mRNA and protein content by 90%, and increased phosphorylation of mTOR kinase substrates, 4E-BP1 and S6K1. This activation of mTOR correlated with increased rates of protein synthesis. The responsiveness of KD and control myocytes to anabolic (IGF-I) and catabolic (AICAR) stimuli were unaltered. Deptor KD myoblasts were both larger in diameter and exhibited an increase in mean cell volume. Deptor KD cells had an increased percentage of cells in the S phase. Immunoblotting confirmed an increase in the total p21 and phosphorylation (Ser807/Ser811) of Rb protein which is critical for the G1-S phase transition in myoblasts. Deptor KD did not alter myoblast apoptosis or autophagy as evidenced by the lack of change for cleaved caspase-3 and LC3B, respectively. Finally, in vivo Deptor KD (~50% reduction) by electroporation in C57/BL6 mice did not alter weight of control muscles but prevented atrophy produced by 3 d of immobilization. Thus our data support the hypothesis that deptor is an important regulator of protein metabolism in myocytes. (Funding support: GM38032 to CHL)
Are information and communication technologies (ICTs) displacing workers? The relationship between ICT investment and employment

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examined how information communication technologies (ICT) investment affected sales and employment at 76 small and medium-sized Korean companies during 2009–2013. Especially, this study investigated the effects of ICT investment on sales in general and by subsets of investment in hardware, software, and ICT staff. Studies normally assumed a standard Cobb-Douglas production function, and measured variables in logarithms. In line with previous studies, we assumed that firms produced output, performance, or productivity via a Cobb–Douglas production function model with inputs capital and labor. We then suggested a new model that could be incorporated into the production function above to estimate the effect of the interaction between ICT investment and labor on sales. This study found that hardware investment complemented labor in increasing performance, whereas investments in software and ICT staff substituted labor. These results show that ICT investment might affect firm-level employment, and what business managers must consider insofar as each subset of ICT investment exerts differing effects on firm-level employment. This study also found that the effect of ICT investment on firm-level employment might be more pronounced among smaller firms and firms outside the IT industry. This study also demonstrated that ICT investment complemented labor and that the effects differed for specific types of ICT. This study can help managers respond to the challenges of ICT investment or employment, and provides a framework for analyzing the strategic significance of ICT investment and employment.
Craniofacial characteristics of Klippel-Feil syndrome in an eight year old female.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A female eight year, one month old patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome has been introduced. General appearance of the patient was characterized by short neck with limited head movements, craniofacial asymmetry, low posterior hairline and a short stature. Cephalometric analysis revealed a Class I dentoskeletal pattern with an excessive mandibular plane angle and fused cervical vertebrae. Panoramic radiogram showed congenitally missing lower second premolars and right central incisor.
HMMer acceleration using systolic array based reconfigurable architecture

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

HMMer is a widely-used bioinformatics software package that uses profile Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to model the primary structure consensus of a family of protein or nucleic acid sequences. However, with the rapid growth of both sequence and model databases, it is more and more time-consuming to run HMMer on traditional computer architecture. With the development of modern field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology, applications can be accelerated using CPU-FPGA cooperative system by mapping computational-intensive work onto FPGA. In this paper, the computation kernel of HMMer, P7Viterbi, is selected to be accelerated by FPGA. After carefully data dependency analysis, we proposed a systolic array based reconfigurable architecture to exploit both inter-module and intra-module parallelism. There is an infrequent feedback loop in P7Viterbi to update the value of beginning state (B state), which limits further parallelization. Previous work either ignored the feedback loop or serialized the process, leading to loss of either precision or efficiency. Our proposed architecture can exploit maximum parallelism without loss of precision. The proposed architecture speculatively runs with fully parallelism assuming that the feedback loop does not take place. If the rare feedback case actually occurs, a rollback mechanism is used to ensure correctness. Results show that by using Xilinx Virtex-5 110T FPGA, the proposed architecture can achieve about a 56.8 times speedup compared with that of Intel Core2 Duo 2.33GHz CPU.
Intangible capital, q theory of investment and measurement of profitability

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Contribution of intangible capital has been a notable factor of today’s economy. However, previous literatures mainly focus on outcomes of physical investment through classical theory of investment and financial ratios, so this paper aims to explain effects of intangible capital in two major points. Firstly, new Tobin’s q proxy, which includes intangible capital, is reexamined regarding its explanation of total investment; new Tobin’s q, thus, explains investment opportunities better in firms and years with greater intangible capital. Secondly, financial ratios are rearranged by taking intangible capital into consideration. As a result, firms with more intangible capital do not generate higher firm’s value and profitability as existing empirical findings.
A Comparative Study of Subinguinal Microscopic versus Open Surgical Varicocelectomy in Treatment of Primary Varicocele

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose To compare the outcome between microscopic and conventional subinguinal varicocelectomy regarding improvement in semen quality and pain resolution in patients who complain of varicocele-related infertility, pain, or both. Patients and Methods A prospective interventional non randomized controlled trial was carried out on 64 patients who met the criteria and allocated to two groups, group A (n = 34) underwent microscopic sub inguinal varicocelectomy, and group B (n = 30) underwent conventional sub inguinal varicocelectomy. A 3-month postoperative semen analysis was compared to the preoperative one, and pain was assessed preoperatively, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Results Both study groups showed significant improvement in the semen quality. Moreover, improvement in semen parameters was significantly higher in group A when compared to group B. Improvement in sperm concentration was 89.2 % and 41.7%, and in progressive motility was 100% and 50% for group A and B, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). At 1 month and 3 months postoperatively, pain score was significantly lower in group A (Median = 0 & 0, respectively) in contrast to group B (Median = 2 & 0, respectively) (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusion In patients who suffer from varicocele-related infertility or pain, microsurgical technique in sub inguinal varicocelectomy gives better results in improvement of semen quality and pain resolution when compared to the conventional technique.
How Researchers Can Build Research‐Strengthening Partnerships Through Centering the Lived Experiences of Self‐Identified Members of African American/Black Communities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Persons who self‐identify as Black or African American comprise more than 14% of the population in the United States of America, with Black persons populating the entire globe. Notably, heterogeneity and within‐group diversity exist, especially due to geographic location, migration, and immigration. However, researchers continue to conduct studies that do not adequately represent this critical group of individuals with a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) coupled with salient experiences of negative structural and social determinants of health. ADRD research requires diverse participant perspectives to ensure that research findings – from educational materials to lifestyle interventions and pharmacologic discoveries are safe and relevant to all of us. This presentation will feature a panelist with both lived dementia experience and who identifies as African American/Black. The panelist will provide their perspectives and input to identify and address barriers, and amplify facilitators of ADRD research participation. Method Researchers at the Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center will work with community partners to identify the panelist to share their perspectives regarding such topics as ADRD diagnosis, care, and research participation. The panelist will also share their input on how researchers can build better partnerships within African American/ Black communities and subsequent study participants and partners. Result This session will benefit researchers and the field of ADRD by offering the opportunity to hear and understand the lived experiences of a member of the African American/Black community, and discuss strategies to meaningfully engage with demographically diverse communities and their heterogenous members. Conclusion The voices of individuals identifying as African American/Black are essential to consider and incorporate throughout the research process ‐ from determining the research purpose and discussing research priorities to study conduct and finding dissemination ‐ and addressing challenges to facilitate demographically diverse participation in ADRD research.