jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Studying Quality Characteristics of Flax Fiber Depending on Deseeding Device Design

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Introduction. The processe of harvesting fiber flax is characterized by tough interactions of the work tools of the flax puller and parts of plants. Different principles and design of work tools for taking out seed bolls from the stem, used in flax harvesting machines, have both advantages and disadvantages. Single-drum comb deseeders are the most effective, but the level of damage to the stems caused during the working of these mechanisms is high. The purpose of this work is the experimental substantiation of constructive changes in the comb deseeder, which allows reducing damage to the stems of the flax fiber in the process of combing and improving the quality of the flax material. Materials and Methods. Fields and laboratories studies of flax harvesting and technological tests of flax straw and fiber were carried out according to the existing methods and standard protocols (GOST). The influence of the harvesting combine speed and deseeder type (the drum for the taking flax balls off by the stems’ combing and for the transporting removed balls to hopper) on the yield and quality of the fiber were determined. The fiber flax variety Alexim (cultivated by All Russian Research Institute for Flax Production, Torzhok) was used as a plant object and the harvesting was carried out in the vegetation stage “yellow stem” – “full ripeness”. Results. The classical design of the combing drum with four ridges for deseeding was changed to three ones that means only one of ridges should be in the layer of flax stems during the combing process. That design could decrease damage to the stems when deseeding stems. Instrumental assessment of fiber shows that after the deseeding by the threeridges drum the quality of flax straw was 0.97–1.09 numbers that was by 0.19–0.28 numbers higher than after using four-ridges drums. Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that the reducing of the load on the flax stems has a positive effect on the quality of the fibrous products. The yield of long fiber increases by 1.27–1.54% (abs.), and the fiber quality – by 0.3 numbers.
Status of the light ion source developments at CEA/Saclay

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

SILHI (High Intensity Light Ion Source) is an ECR ion source producing high intensity proton or deuteron beams at 95 keV. It is now installed in the IPHI site building, at the CEA/Saclay center. IPHI is a front end demonstrator of high power accelerator. The source regularly delivers more than 130 mA protons in cw mode and already produced more than 170 mA deuterons in pulsed mode at nominal energy. The last beam characterizations, including emittance measurements, space charge compensation analysis, and diagnostic improvements, will be reported. Taking into account the SILHI experience, new developments are in progress to build and test a 5 mA deuteron source working in cw mode. This new source will also operate at 2.45 GHz and permanent magnets will provide the magnetic configuration. This source, of which the design will be discussed, will have to fit in with the SPIRAL 2 accelerator developed at GANIL to produce radioactive ion beams. The H− test stand status is briefly presented here and detailed in companion papers.
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato'nun polimeraz zincir reaksiyon (pzr) ile teşhisi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study aimed detection of a human pathogen B. bugdorferi sensu lato species in suspected Lyme borreliosis (LB) patients in Turkey by PCR analysis and supportive serologic tests. The 152 clinical samples (140 serum and blood, 10 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 1 synovial fluid, 1 skin biopsy specimens) from 140 patients sent from 22 different cities of Turkey to The Spirochetal Diseases Diagnosis Laboratory of Central Veterinary Control and Research Institute were analysed. Serum samples were subjected to ELISA with a commercial kit and all of the blood, CSF, synovial fluid and skin biopsy samples were examined by PCR. In PCR analysis two primer sets targeting the ospA gene located on the plasmid and ribosomal 23S rRNA gene of B. burgdorferi sensu lato were used. The results indicated that 32,1% (45 of 140) seropositivity was detectable by ELISA. Our results support that there is a risk of acquiring LB in different regions of Turkey. Although considerable positive detections were recorded using serologic tests,none of the specimens were positive in PCR analysis. Further studies on PCR based methods for detection of B. burgdorferi sensu lato in patients with a high clinical probability of LB apparently may require that the specimen should be taken in the early phases and before the administration of any therapeutic agent.
Electron impact studies of 4a-Methyl-4,4a-dihydrophenanthren-2(3H)-one and related phenanthrones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The mass spectra of 4a-methyl-4,4a-dihydrophenanthren-2(3H)-one and closely related phenanthrenones have been studied. The suggested fragmentation processes, substantiated by high-resolution mass measurements and appropriate metastable peaks, are shown to be characteristic of compounds with the same hydro-oxo-phenanthrene chromophore. 2-Cinnamylidene-6-methyl-cyclohexanone possessing a similar chromophore is also shown to exhibit a comparable fragmentation pattern.
Design of a Virtual Wireless Link Selection Algorithm for Reliability of Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the rapidly increasing number of users in the wireless technology and the conversion of voice-only communications to multimedia applications, increasing efficiency of spectrum usage is an urgent and reliable solution. Cognitive radio (CR) is considered as a promising candidate to be employed in such systems as they are aware of their operating environments and can be trained to dynamically and autonomously adjust its radio operating parameters accordingly. The capability of the cognitive radio to sense, learn, and adapt to the radio environment provides new opportunities for spectrum users. The objective of this study is to design and analyze a more reliable cooperative cognitive radio network that is able to establish a virtual wireless link before the actual communication starts. In spectrum detection schemes, the secondary user will be allocated a channel if and only if there is free accessible channel in the primary users’ band. In this paper we design a system model for the cognitive radio network and develop a novel virtual wireless link selection (VWLS) algorithm for cooperative cognitive radio networks. The VWLS algorithm is then analyzed and computer simulated to show the impact of the virtual link on the performance of the network. By demonstrating the performance improvement of the cognitive radio network (CRN) with the help of the newly developed algorithm, we can prove that the reliability can also be enhanced.
Parallel Petri Nets Modeling Method Of Manufacturing System Based On The improved PDDL

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Parallel Petri nets are a class of Petri nets which can take into account scheduling and control issues of manufacturing systems [1]. However, Its designed relies on the manual effort, which is very difficult and boring for real manufacturing systems. Therefore, this work defines an improved planning domain definition language (PDDL) to automatically translate it to a parallel Petri net. In details, the PDDL syntax is extended to make it more accurate and convenient to describe actions, tasks and conditions. Elements of an extended PDDL are automatically represented by places and transitions of a parallel Petri net. Finally, an experiment is taken to illustrate and verify our method.
Nutritional Characteristics of Four Underutilized Edible Wild Fruits of Dietary Interest in Ghana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Malnutrition has been a serious issue in Ghana and Africa as a whole. However, the potential of many indigenous fruits to combat it has not yet been tested. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the nutritional characteristics of four underutilized wild fruits (Gardenia erubescens, Sclerocarya birrea, Diospyros mespiliformis, and Balanites aegyptiaca) of dietary interest in Ghana. The nutritional and antinutritional characteristics of the fruits were analyzed according to standard methods (laid down by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists and other well-known researchers) on a dry weight (dw) basis. The nutritional value of the fruits was high enough to contribute to the nutrient requirements of humans, with their iron (0.34–1.46 mg/100 g), zinc (0.81–2.97 mg/100 g), vitamin A (0.84–2.03 mg/100 g), and β-carotene (64.84–176.89 mg/100 g) contents worth special mention. The antinutrient content also ranged between 0.06–1.82 mg/g. Therefore, it is evident from the study that the fruits, although containing some levels of antinutrients, are nutrient-dense, suggesting their potency in fighting malnutrition in humans.
Pitfalls of Strategy Creation and Selection after COVID-19

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We see a possibility for researching the issue of strategic processes as a whole in companies, as there are publications on individual strategic processes, but from the point of view of the complete picture in company, the view of the intervention of foreign capital is absent. We want to point out significant differences in individual management strategic processes, while pointing out the difference in the functioning of companies with and without the participation of foreign capital. The method of data collection was carried out on the basis of a questionnaire survey, which consisted of 5 parts of the strategic process, namely: Vision, mission, goals; Analysis of the external environment; Analysis of the internal environment; Choosing and creating a strategy; Strategy implementation and control. The factor Participation of foreign capital was selected for the purposes of the work. The participation of foreign capital in companies has a fundamental impact on strategic processes and companies’ sustainability and efficiency, as our results suggest. In our conclusion, investigating the issue of foreign capital participation has a fundamental impact on understanding the business environment. For the sustainability of a high-quality business, we consider updating and understanding the issue to be an important point for efficiency and sustainability.
Surface Estimation in Ultrasound Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Surface definition, a process of defining three dimensional surface from volume data, is essential in three dimensional volume data rendering. The traditional method applies a three dimensional gradient operator to the volume data to estimate the strength and orientation of surface present. Applying this method to ultrasound volume data does not produce satisfactory results due to noisy nature of the images and the sensitivity of certain signals to the direction of insonation. A Bayesian approach is proPosed here for surface definition of noisy images in general. We formulate the problem as the estimation of posterior means and standard deviations of Gibbs distributions for surface believability and normal direction. The prior distribution reflects shape properties at multiple scales. The design and implementation of such an approach and its application on ultrasound images are the subject of this paper.
Stereoisomers of hydroxymethanes: Probing structural and spectroscopic features upon substitution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ab initio studies on CHx(OH)4−x (x = 0-3) polyols are carried out to derive their structural and spectroscopic features. Several stereoisomers (both equilibrium structures and transition states) are found. Some are predicted here for the first time. We determined hence their geometrical parameters, vibrational frequencies, electronic excitation energies for the singlet manifold, and IR spectra. While the IR spectra for all polyols present similar shapes, their UV spectra exhibit however distinct band origin that are specific to each polyol and more interestingly to each diasteroisomer. Stereoelectronic effects are also noticed and discussed. It is suggested that UV spectroscopy is an efficient probe to experimentally identify polyols in mixtures involving polyols.
Advance Access published on January 23, 2006 doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxh163

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Computer Networks The number of nodes that our global Internet supports will rapidly move from the hundreds of millions to the hundreds of billions. Sensor networks, smart dust, on-board networks in personal vehicles, networked letters, packages and clothes, will all contribute to this growth. While elements of topdown and well organised design will still be an important element of these future complex computer systems, many systems will have to interact in an ad hoc manner in order to offer fast access and services when fully organised and completely reliable information is not available. This collection of articles, which are broadly in the emerging area of Autonomic Networks, address some issues that are relevant to this broad agenda, going from the ‘upper and user ’ end of networks all the way down to the hardware
Weichselian red tills in the Gardno Phase End Moraine (Dębina Cliff) – criteria for distinction, origin and stratigraphic position, and implications for the origin and course of the Baltic Ice Stream

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The paper presents the results of investigations of red tills from the South Baltic Middle Sea-Coast recorded in cliff exposures of Gardno Phase End Moraine. Distinctive features of these tills are: high percentage of Aland granitoids and porphyries identified in the 16-32 mm fraction, and large amounts of non-carbonate rocks, mostly red feldspars in relation to quartz, in the sandy fractions of 0,5-0,8 mm and 2-4 mm. Based on structural-textural features, the red till has been classified as flow till of local origin. The ice dynamism during Gardno Phase can be correlated with the Young Baltic Advance and most probably with the Belt Sea advance. On the basis of the petrographic properties of the Gardno red till and the results of radiocarbon dating, a new hypothesis regarding the origin, chronology and rate of flow of the Baltic Ice Stream is developed.
Abstract 5714: SPADE identification of novel MDSC subsets

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC's) are a heterogeneous population of myeloid cells at varying stages of differentiation that occur in increased numbers in the blood of cancer patients. The phenotypes of MDSC's, are controversial but are generally subdivided into three phenotypes: macrophage (M-), granulocytic (G-) and immature (i-) MDSC's. Our studies used a single staining tube with antibodies to linage markers (CD3, CD19 and CD56), HLA-DR, CD11b, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD33, CD34, CD45, PD-L1 and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1). Mobilized apharesis products from lymphoma patients provided a product with a high frequency of MDSCs compared to normal donor blood samples. A total MDSC population (Lin-HLA-DR-CD11b+CD14+ and Lin-HLA-DR-CD11b+CD14-CD33+) was exported from FlowJo to Spanning tree progression analysis of density normalized events (Spade) in Matlab. This analysis identified nine MDSC sub-populations as nodes. Impressively, cells from the non-MDSC populations, including monocytes and granulocytes did not occur within these nodes. The SPADE analysis identified four M-MDSC nodes, four G-MDSC nodes and one iMDSC node. LOX-1 expression was limited to two G-MDSC and one M-MDSC subset. The nodes were differentiated based on CD14, CD15, CD33, CD16, LOX-1, and CD34 expression. The total populations were SPADE analyzed by overlaying non-MDSCs populations onto MDSCs and monocytes and granulocytes subset to nodes independent of MDSC nodes. The assessment of MDSC function used intracellular arginase-1 and nitric oxide synthetase-2 expression with the expected differential expression consistent with the M and G-MDSC subsets. The proportions of the different MDSC nodes varied between cancer patients and were generally at least a log higher than in the blood of normal donors. In summary, a SPADE analysis can cleanly identify MDSCs from monocytes and granulocytes and provide insight into novel MDSC subsets. Citation Format: Kathryn Cole, Holly Britton, Phyllis Warkentin, James E. Talmadge. SPADE identification of novel MDSC subsets [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5714.
cDNA-derived sequence of chicken embryo vinculin.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We report the complete primary structure of chicken embryo vinculin. The amino acid sequence was derived from the nucleotide sequence of five overlapping cDNA clones isolated from a lambda gt11 phage library. Chicken embryo vinculin contains 1066 amino acids, has a calculated Mr of 116,990, a calculated pI of 5.9, and a hydropathy index of -4.22. A search of the National Biomedical Research Foundation protein sequence data base found no proteins with significant homology to vinculin. A striking feature of the linear sequence is a proline-rich region extending between residues 837 and 879. This region contains 45% proline and 19% aspartic plus glutamic acids; it is also the longest hydrophilic stretch in the molecule. The proline-rich region separates an amino-terminal domain with a calculated pI of 5.4 from a carboxyl-terminal domain with a calculated pI of 9.7. This feature suggests a structural basis for the specific interaction of vinculin with acidic phospholipids and a mechanism for the shuttling of vinculin between cytoplasm and membrane-associated junctional plaque.
Hydroxyl-Functionalized Ionic Liquid Promoted CO2 Fixation According to Electrostatic Attraction and Hydrogen Bonding Interaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between carbon dioxide and epoxide, catalyzed by HEMIMC (1-(2-hydroxyl-ethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride), was investigated using the DFT (density functional theory) method. In the presence of HEMIMC, the reaction mechanism changed from single-step to multipath. Seven reaction pathways are reported here, including two steps, epoxide ring-opening and ring-closure of cyclic carbonate, or three main steps, epoxide ring-opening, carbon dioxide insertion, and ring-closure of cyclic carbonate. The catalytic activity of HEMIMC was studied, and the catalytic mechanism was elucidated. The nucleophilic attack of anion and hydrogen bond are two of the most important factors to promote the cycloaddition reaction, especially the OH functional group in HEMIMC. Finally, the influence of different anions on the catalytic activity was investigated.
Rate and Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Among Sportswomen in Slovenia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Context: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-injury rate is greater among female athletes than among male athletes. Objective: To investigate the rate and risk of ACL injury among Slovenian sportswomen playing professional basketball, team handball, or volleyball. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: The Slovenian National Organizations of basketball, team handball, and volleyball. Patients or Other Participants: During the 2003–2004 season, we prospectively followed 585 Slovenian sportswomen registered in the Slovenian National Organizations of basketball, team handball, and volleyball. Main Outcome Measure(s): We asked sportswomen and coaches to document the occurrence of every significant traumatic knee injury requiring medical attention. Injury rate and injury risk were calculated for sportswomen in each sport group. To calculate injury rate, we estimated the average exposure of each sportswoman during the research period. Results: During the 2003–2004 season, 585 Slovenian sportswomen sustained 12 ACL injuries. The ACL-injury risk was different in athletes participating in the various sports, with basketball players having the greatest ACL-injury risk and volleyball players having the lowest ACL-injury risk ( P = .04). The risk of ACL injury among Slovenian sportswomen was 2.1 per 100 athletes (95% confidence interval = 0.9, 3.2), whereas the rate of ACL injury was 0.037 per 1000 exposure hours (95% confidence interval = 0.016, 0.06). Conclusions: Overall differences in injury risk were found among sports, but no differences were noted among divisions within sports. No differences for injury rate were observed between or within sports. The rate and risk of ACL injury among Slovenian sportswomen are high, with basketball players having the greatest ACL-injury risk.
Overview of approaches to driver fatigue recognition and existing technical solutions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article analyzes the existing methods for determining the driver's condition. Driving in a state of fatigue, according to various statistics, is the cause of a large number of road traffic accidents (RTA). The percentage of accidents in Russia associated with the driver falling asleep while driving in 2018 is about 20%, in the USA the number of accidents for the same reason reaches 100,000 per year. The aim of the work is to review existing approaches to recognizing driver fatigue and existing technical solutions in this area. The article discusses such approaches as fatigue recognition based on the physiological state of the driver, recognition based on the driver's behavior, namely his speech and visual signs while driving, fatigue determination based on the nature of the vehicle's movement on the road and based on the driver's actions on the controls, the approaches based on the subjective assessment of the driver's condition. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the approaches were analyzed. The paper also provides an overview of existing fatigue recognition systems from various manufacturers that are currently used on vehicles and are designed to warn the driver of impending fatigue. It was revealed that in modern conditions of road transport operation, the most optimal approaches to fatigue recognition are based on an assessment of the driver's impact on the steering wheel, visual signs of driver fatigue and the nature of the vehicle's movement on the road, therefore, it is proposed to further focus on these methods.