jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The visual characteristics and quality of cultured gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in earthen ponds and net cages in Turkey

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study is to investigate the quality differences and visual characteristics between cultured gilthead sea bream obtained from earthen ponds and net cage habitats. No significant differences from obtained in two different habitats are determined cultured gilthead sea bream in terms of chemical and microbiological quality. It has been determined that it is a safe food for consumption since it does not contain pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. that negatively affect food safety. Visual quality differences are distinguished like the skin color, reddish color on the operculum cover, the head shape and the tail transparency from each other. Having unique sensorial characteristics fishes from two different habitats do offer valuable nutrient sources for consumers. Thanks to the controlled aquaculture conditions, safe production of cultured gilthead sea bream is carried out according to food safety in Turkey. Therefore owing to their delicious food source of cultured gilthead sea bream it is preferred for consumption in Turkey and all ower the world.
The Reaction of Mono-, Di-, and Trisodium Orthophosphate in a Mixed Solution of Acetic Acid and Acetic Anhydride

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Mono-, di-, or trisodium orthophosphate was heated at 100°C in an equivolume mixture of acetic acid and its anhydride. By X-ray diffractometry and paper chromatography, the products from these three sodium salts of orthophosphate were found to be sodium trimetaphosphate. At the end of the 30-hr reaction period, the purity of the trimetaphosphate was higher than 90%. The ease of formation of the trimetaphosphate ring under various conditions was shown, and the stability of the ring was discussed on the basis of the strain of the bonding angle.
‘Janet and John’: Intersex Invisibility in the New Zealand Education Curriculum

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When I entered the New Zealand schooling system, we only learnt about a social system including ‘Janet’ and ‘John’—female and male. As far as the curriculum went, nothing else existed. Though the education system now includes ‘rainbow education’ under ‘health’ (sometimes tied into the physical education part of the curriculum), it does not extend beyond that. It continues to enforce Intersex as a pathology, an anomaly. Outside this very small component, Intersex does not exist. The Western education system has excluded Intersex and transgender existence and belonging in society even though historically they were part of society and still exist today, though largely invisible. The chapter will first explore the right to education and the importance of representation in the curriculum as a sense of belonging. After that it sets out how Intersex people have been restricted in the inclusion and predominantly are invisible in the curriculum overall. Later it will consider ways to improve how intersex can be better represented and included within the curriculum.
SECONDARY AND TERTIARY REDIVERSION OF THE URINARY TRACT. A STUDY BASED UPON 72 CASES AMONG 840 PELVIC EXENTERATIONS FOR ADVANCED CANCER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Among 840 patients who received pelvic exenterations which entail total diversion of the urinary tract, a second or even third urinary tract rediversion was deemed necessary to preserve life-sustaining urinary tract function in 72. In those who lived more than five years after pelvic exenteration for advanced cancer, the most frequent cause of death was uremia or urinary tract sepsis. Once urinary diversion is done, constant surveillance is obligatory for evidence of progressing urinary tract deterioration. Rediversion is indicated under certain conditions as a life-saving measure in spite of its substantial risks. The variables in each case preclude the elaboration of hard and fast rules and the patient's management must be highly individualized. Among 58 patients in whom rediversion was done five or more years ago, 24 survived at least five years. Among 14 patients so operated upon within the past five years, three are living. All of the patients originally had advanced cancer.
Bequest and Wealth Accumulation: Are Some Pieces of the Puzzle Missing?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The lively debate between Laurence J. Kotlikoff and Franco Modigliani presented in the Spring 1988 issue of this journal concerns an old question: what is the main motivation for saving and therefore for the accumulation of wealth? More specifically, what are the respective contributions to aggregate wealth of 1) saving for retirement (also known as “hump” saving); 2) precautionary savings (and “unintended” bequests) due to uncertainty about the length of life; and 3) planned bequests? If Modigliani's life-cycle hypothesis is to be viewed as a close to approximation of reality, then the bulk of existing wealth should have resulted from some combination of hump and precautionary saving. Our comment on this dispute attempts to advance two issues. First, the controversy involves an enormous gap between empirical estimates of the share of “inherited wealth” in total accumulation, even though the estimates are often based on the same data. We hope to clarify why the estimates vary so widely. Second, the Kotlikoff/Modigliani dispute is presented as an American issue, with little extension abroad. We will present some results from other countries that bear on the controversy.
and the GRIM’

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In November 1990 a nationwide survey of migraine was conducted in France on a representative sample of residents aged 15 years and older. The diagnosis of migraine was based on the International Headache Society (IHS) classification. In a previous study, we validated a dia nostic algorithm which classifies headache sufferers as IHS migraine, “borderline ” migraine, possibfe migraine and non-migrainous headache. The overall prevalence of mi raine patients with the IHS criteria in the present study was 8.1%; another 4 % were classified as ”borderfne ” migraine, which we in fact considered as definite migraine. Age, gender and occupation were found to be risk factors for migraine. Neither frequency and duration of attacks nor length of time of disease differed with gender. Expressed intensity of attacks, however, was greater in females. D Diagnosis, epidemiology, migraine, prevalmce, risk factors
On biaccessible points of the Mandelbrot set

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper provides a description for the quadratic polynomials on the boundary of the Mandelbrot set $\mathcal M$ which are typical in the sense of harmonic measure. In particular, it is shown that a typical point on the boundary of $\mathcal M$ has a unique parameter ray landing on it. Applications of this result in the study of embedded arcs in $\mathcal M$ and the lamination associated with $\mathcal M$ are given.
THE ETIOLOGY OF DIABETIC ACIDOSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Early in the history of the study of diabetic coma it became apparent that acidosis plays an important part in the production of this syndrome. Subsequently it was demonstrated that this state is due primarily to the accumulation of large amounts of organic acids in the tissues, particularly beta-hydroxybutyric and acetoacetic acids, and that the excretion of these, together with smaller amounts of other organic acids, results in a depletion of base. The loss of base causes a dehydration and intensifies the acidosis and a vicious cycle ensues. For some time minor controversies occurred with reference to the relative importance of the acidosis or the toxic effects of the acetone bodies themselves in the production of the coma. Today the physician is aware that both are important. In view of the predominant role of the acetone bodies in the development of diabetic acidosis and coma it became of interest to
The appropriateness of Swedish municipality web site designs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the results of a front-page genre analysis of 290 Swedish municipality Web sites are presented, and the appropriateness of the identified design solutions are discussed. Seven municipality Web site genres are identified: notice-board, newspaper, brochure, promotion, commercial, portal, and filter. We discuss how the municipality genres are related to each other, and to other genres, as mix-genres or subgenres. We conclude that the genres differ widely in terms of form, dominating content, action possibilities, purposes, and user groups and roles. This paper provides design examples of what qualities the different genres might bring, and thereby, gives an opportunity for designers and procurers to learn from previous designs. The paper contributes both by providing an analysis of a genre central to society, and by showing how a genre analysis reveals implicit values regarding the user and the task, mediated in the genres of municipality Web sites.
Rapid detection of pathogenic leptospira spp by quantitative real-time PCR

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Objective: To establish quantitative real-time PCR method for the detection of leptospira spp by using new TaqMan probe.Methods: According to the 16s rDNA to design a pair of primers and probes,and then take the nuclear acid of standard strain of leptospira spp as template to set up quantitative real-time PCR on detector(ABI 7500).Results: The relationship between the values of threshold cycle(CT) and the DNA copy number was found to be linear(r=0.998).The sensitivity of real-time PCR was about 1000 times of the convention PCR when used to detect Leptospira DNA,accompanied by high species-specificity.Conclusion: This results suggest that the quantitative real-time PCR is hightly specific and sensitive for detection of Leptospira,especially useful for detection of tiny leptospira spp of samples.
Particulate collection in a low level radioactive waste incinerator

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As designed, sintered stainless steel filters will clean the gas from the secondary cyclone at a low level radioactive waste incinerator. Bench-scale apparatus was used to evaluate asbestos floats and diatomaceous earth as filter aids to prevent clogging of the sintered metal interstices and to decrease filter penetration. Both precoats prevented irreversible pressure drop increase, and decreased cold DOP penetration from 80 percent to less than 1 percent. Less diatomaceous earth was needed than asbestos floats, to collect the same quantity of fly ash. A back-up study evaluated a moving bed of sodium carbonate pellets in lieu of the sintered metal filters. Since identical sodium carbonate pellets are used to neutralize hydrogen chloride in the incinerator, their use in a moving bed has the advantages of trouble free disposal and cost free replacement. Co/sup -/, counter, and cross-current beds were studied and gave fly ash penetrations less than 0.1 percent at moderate pressure drop. The filter cake which forms on the pellet surfaces decreases penetration greatly.
Investigation of neural and biomechanical impairments leading to pathological toe and heel gaits using neuromusculoskeletal modelling

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study investigates the pathological toe and heel gaits seen in human locomotion using neuromusculoskeletal modelling and simulation. In particular, it aims to investigate potential cause–effect relationships between biomechanical or neural impairments and pathological gaits. Toe and heel gaits are commonly present in spinal cord injury, stroke and cerebral palsy. Toe walking is mainly attributed to spasticity and contracture at plantar flexor muscles, whereas heel walking can be attributed to muscle weakness of biomechanical or neural origin. To investigate the effect of these impairments on gait, this study focuses on the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles as they contribute to ankle plantarflexion. We built a reflex circuit model based on previous work by Geyer and Herr with additional pathways affecting the plantar flexor muscles. The SCONE software, which provides optimisation tools for 2D neuromechanical simulation of human locomotion, is used to optimise the corresponding reflex parameters and simulate healthy gait. We then modelled various bilateral plantar flexor biomechanical and neural impairments, and individually introduced them in the healthy model. We characterised the resulting simulated gaits as pathological or not by comparing ankle kinematics and ankle moment with the healthy optimised gait based on metrics used in clinical studies. Our simulations suggest that toe walking can be generated by hyperreflexia, whereas muscle and neural weaknesses partially induce heel gait. Thus, this ‘what if’ approach is deemed of great interest as it allows investigation of the effect of various impairments on gait and suggests an important contribution of active reflex mechanisms to pathological toe gait. Key points Pathological toe and heel gaits are commonly present in various conditions such as spinal cord injury, stroke and cerebral palsy. These conditions present various neural and biomechanical impairments, but the cause–effect relationships between these impairments and pathological gaits are difficult to establish clinically. Based on neuromechanical simulation, this study focuses on the plantar flexor muscles and builds a new reflex circuit controller to model and evaluate the potential effect of both neural and biomechanical impairments on gait. Our results suggest an important contribution of active reflex mechanisms to pathological toe gait. This ‘what if’ based on neuromechanical modelling is thus deemed of great interest to target potential causes of pathological gait.
[Comparison of Heidelberg retinal tomography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography examinations for detection of glaucoma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although there was poor agreement in optic disc measurements between the two methods, both had high sensitivity in detection of glaucomatous optic disc changes (96% when retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography compared to 88% for Moorfield regresion analysis in Heidelberg Retina Tomograph). The sensitivity of diagnostic ability increases when both, Heidelberg Retina Tomograph and Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography are performed.
Cell Therapy in Joint Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Context: Articular cartilage possesses poor natural healing mechanisms, and a variety of non-cell-based and cell-based treatments aim to promote regeneration of hyaline cartilage. Data Sources: A review of the literature to December 2013 using PubMed with search criteria including the keywords stem cell, cell therapy, cell transplantation, cartilage, chondral, and chondrogenic. Study Selection: Forty-five articles were identified that employed local mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for joint disorders in humans. Nine comparative studies were identified, consisting of 3 randomized trials, 5 cohort studies, and 1 case-control study. Study Type: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Studies were assessed for stem cell source, method of implantation, comparison groups, and concurrent surgical techniques. Results: Two studies comparing MSC treatment to autologous chondrocyte implantation found similar efficacy. Three studies reported clinical benefits with intra-articular MSC injection over non-MSC controls for cases undergoing debridement with or without marrow stimulation, although a randomized study found no significant clinical difference at 2-year follow-up but reported better 18-month magnetic resonance imaging and histologic scores in the MSC group. No human studies have compared intra-articular MSC therapy to non-MSC techniques for osteoarthritis in the absence of surgery. Conclusion: Mesenchymal stem cell–based therapies appear safe and effective for joint disorders in large animal preclinical models. Evidence for use in humans, particularly, comparison with more established treatments such as autologous chondrocyte implantation and microfracture, is limited.
Exploring two component doublet dark matter

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We propose a two-component dark matter (DM) scenario by extending the Standard Model with two additional SU(2)L doublets, one scalar, and another fermion. To ensure the stability of the DM components, we impose a global Z2×Z2′ symmetry. The lightest neutral states for both the scalar and fermion, which are non-trivially transformed under the extended symmetry, behave as stable two-component DM candidates. While single components are underabundant due to their gauge interactions, in a mass region between mW and 525 GeV for the scalar and a mass below 1200 GeV for the fermion, and the fermion DM conflicts with direct detection limits over the whole parameter space, having two components helps to saturate relic density in the regions with under-abundance. Compliance with direct detection constraints leads to two options, either introducing dim-5 effective operators, or embedding the scenarios into a complete UV theory, which reproduces a type II seesaw model, thus naturally including neutrino masses. We analyze the consequences of this scenario at the LHC.
SUGGESTION OF EVALUATION FORMULA FOR TSUNAMI FORCE ACTING ON CYLINDRICAL TANK IN HIGH FROUDE NUMBER RANGE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

海岸付近に設置される円筒状のタンクを対象とし，その安全性評価の簡易手法の提案を目的として，解析と既往の実験結果を基に，津波の被害が大きくなる高フルード数において，タンク周囲の流動現象について検討した．構築した3次元CFDを用いた遡上津波の解析手法は，円筒タンクに及ぼす波力やタンク周囲の圧力が実験結果と良好に一致した．タンク周囲の流動状態を詳細に調査した結果，タンクに作用する波力は，タンク周囲の静水圧分布のみでなく，動圧発生による静圧の減少を考慮する必要があり，その大きさは水面流速と底部流速の動圧差で表せることが判明した．また，この結果を基に構築した新たな津波波力評価式の予測値は，実験結果と良好に一致した．
Attenuation of acid induced oesophagitis in VR-1 deficient mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and aims: Activation of the vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR-1) results in release of proinflammatory peptides which initiate an inflammatory cascade known as neurogenic inflammation. We investigated its role in an acute model of surgically induced oesophagitis. Methods: Oesophagitis was induced by pyloric ligation in wild-type and VR-1 deficient mice. A subset of animals were administered the VR-1 antagonist capsazepine, famotidine, or omeprazole one hour before surgery. Five hours after surgery, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), histological damage scores, intragastric pH, and immunocytochemical analysis of substance P (SP) receptor endocytosis were determined. Results: Oesophagitis induced knockout mice exhibited significantly lower levels of MPO activity, histological damage scores, and SP receptor endocytosis than wild-type mice. Inflammatory parameters were significantly reduced by acid inhibition and capsazepine in wild-type mice. Conclusions: We conclude that acute acid induced oesophagitis is reduced in animals lacking VR-1. This suggests that acid induced oesophagitis may act through VR-1 and that inhibition of the receptor may reduce inflammation.
Urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure in children: absence of a reproducible association.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A previous report by our group described a cross-sectional association between urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure (BP) in children. Attempts were made to reproduce these findings in two subsequent studies carried out with an identical protocol. Although descriptive results were similar and the correlations between measures of body size and blood pressure were reproduced, a clear-cut association between 7-day mean urinary sodium excretion and BP was observed only in the first of the three studies. These results could imply inadequate study methods, an inconsistent and weak relationship, or the absence of a relationship altogether. © 1983 American Heart Association, Inc.
Abstract IA8: Role of biomarkers in the early detection of lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract While lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world with a 16% overall survival rate, we now know that early detection by low dose chest CT saves lives. The implementation of screening programs represents a huge challenge. Research is needed to address who will benefit from screening, for how long, and with what frequency we should screen. Using biomarkers to select the most at-risk population, to detect the disease while measurable and yet not clinically apparent, and to predict survival, has been the goal of many investigations. Recent advances in molecular strategies and analytical platforms including genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have identified increasing numbers of potential biomarkers. These molecular approaches are applied to a variety of samples collected by non invasive methods including blood, urine, exhaled breath condensate, bronchial specimens, saliva, and sputum. None have yet moved to the clinical setting. In this presentation, we will define clinical contexts where diagnostic biomarkers may have utility in the management of lung cancer, we will review the state of development of candidate diagnostic biomarkers, and finally, we will discuss critical aspects of study design in biomarkers research.
Membership List of the Entomological Society of America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Membership List of the Entomological Society of America Get access Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 59, Issue 1, 1 January 1966, Page 234, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/59.1.234 Published: 01 January 1966
Gaya Komunikasi Pemimpin dan Kinerja Pegawai

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Villages are one of the important administrative areas in nation building. There is an expression that building a village means building the nation. Development in the village relies on the work of the Village Head and village officials. Therefore, the Village Head as a leader in the village must be able to embrace the village apparatus. For this reason, the right communication style is needed to embrace the village apparatus. The Village Head must be able to adjust the communication style to the work at hand. By using qualitative data collection techniques, especially in-depth interviews, this paper finds that there is an influence on the communication style of leaders and the performance of village officials as employees. A free and equal communication style is then able to improve employee performance better.
Whose data? Problematizing the ‘gift’ of social labour

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Eric Schmidt, Executive Chairman of Google, and Jared Cohen, Founder and Director of Google Ideas, contend that ‘for governments and companies’, the user-generated content that constitutes big data is ‘a gift, enabling them to better respond to citizen and customer concerns, and, within the emergent field of predictive analysis, to predict what the future will hold’. In this article, I interrogate what it means for data from our social lives to be interpreted as a ‘gift’ by private enterprises such as Google. Who is giving what to whom? What is the nature of the transaction? Whose property is this data? By putting into conversation Schmidt and Cohen’s gift thesis with an analysis of the ‘value’ of participation in digital communication networks, this article seeks to uncover an intellectual property conundrum that legitimizes the rise of new kinds of labour vulnerabilities in the digital age; intensifying the extension of the logic of privatization into our digital social lives; and, in doing so, the importance of intellectual property as a language of critique and resistance.