jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci from Hospitalized Patients and Poultry Products in The Netherlands

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) pose an emerging health risk, but little is known about the precise epidemiology of the genes coding for vancomycin resistance. To determine whether the bacterial flora of consumer poultry serves as a gene reservoir, the level of contamination of poultry products with VRE was determined. VRE were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and transposon structure mapping was done by PCR. The vanX-vanY intergenic regions of several strains were further analyzed by sequencing. A total of 242 of 305 (79%) poultry products were found to be contaminated with VRE. Of these VRE, 142 (59%) were high-level-vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains (VREF). PFGE revealed extensive VREF heterogeneity. Two genotypes were found nationwide on multiple occasions: type A (22 of 142 VREF [15%]) and type B (14 of 142 VREF [10%]). No PFGE-deduced genetic overlap was found when VREF from humans were compared with VREF from poultry. Two vanA transposon types were identified among poultry strains. In 59 of 142 (42%) of the poultry VREF, the size of the intergenic region between vanX and vanY was �1,300 bp. This transposon type was not found in human VREF. In contrast, all human strains and 83 of 142 (58%) of the poultry VREF contained an intergenic region 543 bp in size. Sequencing of this 543-bp intergenic vanX-vanY region demonstrated full sequence conservation. Though preliminary, these data suggest that dissemination of the resistance genes carried on transposable elements may be of greater importance than clonal dissemination of resistant
New Method for Structural Assignments of Hydroxy Analogs of Coenzyme Q1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Method for Structural Assignments of Hydroxy Analogs of Coenzyme Q1Harold W. Moore and Karl FolkersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 3, 564–567Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00955a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00955a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Blazing Pathways Through Genetic Mountains

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It is now widely accepted that high-throughput data sources will shed essential understanding on the inner workings of cellular and organism function. One key challenge is to distill the results of such experiments into an interpretable computational form that will be the basis of a predictive model. A predictive model represents the gold standard in understanding a biological system and will permit us to investigate the underlying cause of diseases and help us to develop therapeutics. Here I explore how discoveries can be based on high-throughput data sources and discuss how independent discoveries can be assembled into a comprehensive picture of cellular function.
Divergence and adaptive capacity of marine keystone species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hedendaagse menselijke activiteiten en omgevingsveranderingen zetten mariene organismen onder druk. Kennis over populatiedivergentie, populatiegroottes en lokale adaptieve capaciteiten vormt een belangrijke uitgangswaarde voor het ontwerpen van duurzame managementmaatregelen. In deze these heb ik een populatiegenetische aanpak toegepast om de drie bovenstaande kenmerken in kaart te brengen voor drie hoeksteensoorten van de Noord-Atlantische en Baltische mariene ecosystemen.
Hoofdstuk 1 onderzocht de processen die de kolonisatie, extinctie en herkolonisatie van twee ondersoorten van de grijze zeehond aanstuurden in de Baltische Zee en de Noordzee. Dit werk laat bijvoorbeeld zien dat divergentie tussen de historische ondersoorten in de Baltische Zee en Noordzee waarschijnlijk aangestuurd wordt door een combinatie van menselijke invloeden en omgevingsveranderingen.
Hoofdstuk 2 richtte zich op Noord-Atlantische bultrugwalvissen en laat zien dat de Kaapverdische broedpopulatie zich tegenwoordig op een niveau net op of onder de minimum levensvatbare grootte van de populatie bevindt. Bovendien is de genetische uitwisseling met de enige andere Noord-Atlantische broedpopulatie in West-Indië beperkt, op een niveau vergelijkbaar met de genetische differentiatie tussen bultrugwalvissen in de verschillende oceanen.
Hoofdstuk 3 werpt licht op patronen in de genoombrede divergentie tussen twee zandspieringsoorten in de Baltische Zee en de Noordzee. Deze studie ging één stap verder dan alleen maar een focus op het genoom door ook te kijken naar darmbacteriegemeenschappen en omgevingsbacteriegemeenschappen in zeewater. Het kan dienen als referentiekader voor toekomstig werk waarin populatiegenomische en darmmicrobiomische data worden gecombineerd om de ecologische adaptieve potentie van organismen te onderzoeken.
Estimation of water cloud properties from satellite microwave, infrared and visible measurements in oceanic environments: 2. Results

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A microwave (MW) method for deriving cloud liquid water path (LWP) and cloud water temperature (Tw) is validated by using soundings and results from a visible (VIS) and infrared (IR) retrieval method. The two retrieval methods are combined into a single technique, MVI (microwave, visible, and infrared), to estimate the frequency of multilayered clouds and the effective droplet radius r e in water clouds. These techniques were applied to Meteosat and special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I) data taken during June 1–28, 1992, over the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) region. For low clouds, as identified with the VIS‐IR method, Tw on average is nearly the same as the VIS‐IR cloud‐top temperatures (Tc). A negative correlation between LWP and Tc was found for the clouds. For midlevel clouds, Tw is about 8 K warmer than Tc because of either large cloud thicknesses or multilayered clouds. When high clouds are found by the VIS‐IR method, Tc is ∼30 K colder than Tw, indicating that lower‐level liquid‐water clouds may be detected by the MW method. On the basis of the matched Tw and Tc obsevations, the estimated frequencies of multilayered high, middle, and low clouds are about 36%, 19%, and 0%, respectively, values that are similar to cloud radar measurements. Matched satellite and ground‐based radar data show that the MVI technique can separate cloud layers when high ice clouds overlap lower liquid water clouds. The distributions of r e for water clouds are about the same for low, middle, and broken clouds with mean and standard deviations of ∼12 and 10 μm, respectively. The frequency of large droplets (r e >16 μm) suggests that drizzle occurs in ∼30% of the matched Meteosat‐SSM/I cloudy conditions.
Map estimation of multiple description encoded video transmitted over noisy channels

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The problem of efficient video transmission over noisy channels involves high compression rates and robustness to channel errors. In the framework of multiple description coding (MDC), we focus on the direct estimation of the source from two noisy descriptions, without trying to estimate the single descriptions. The challenge is to reconstruct a central signal with distortion as small as possible using the knowledge of the two noisy descriptions. We propose in this paper a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator for the decoding of the central description, using the knowledge of the probability density function (pdf) of the different subband descriptions. The balanced MDC scheme used for application is a scan-based wavelet transform video coding scheme, and includes an efficient bit allocation procedure that dispatches the source video redundancy between the different descriptions, depending on the characteristics of the channel. Simulation results show a good robustness of the proposed decoding scheme against transmission errors, with an improvement of 2 dB in PSNR compared to a maximum likelihood (ML) technique.
A Set-up for an Experimental Verification of a New Conception of Solar Powered House

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A novel concept of energy self-sufficient house has been the main objective of theoretical research conducted by the authors of the paper. In general, a system is based on the collaboration of a large solar concentrating collector with a stone deposit accumulator fill with crushed granite. Air, as the working medium heated in the collector, is later sent to the deposit accumulator or directly to living space. Not only it is possible to heat living space by warm air or to cool it by the absorption system but also it is possible to produce electricity through the system to Organic Rankine Cycle or Peltier cells. Previous calculations confirmed the possibility of the year-round operation of the concept system in Polish climatic conditions. The next verification step is to carry out tests on an experimental set-up.
An Outlier Mining Algorithm Based on Probability

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Outlier detection is a hot topic of data mining. After studying the existing classical algorithms of detecting outliers, this paper proposes an outlier mining algorithm based on probability, and makes a new definition for outlier. It clusterings firstly with density-based algorithm, and determines suspicious outlier. Then, outlier will be detected according to probability. The experiment results on IRIS show that this algorithm can detect outliers effectively.
Endothelial lipase‐binding peptides similar to netrin‐1 inhibit hepatitis B virus infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects cells by attaching to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) and Na + /taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP). The endothelial lipase LIPG bridges HSPG and HBV, facilitating HBV attachment. From a randomized peptide expression library, we identified a short sequence binding to LIPG. This identified sequence closely resembled a sequence in the V domain of netrin‐1, a protein known to bind heparin through its V domain. We designed two synthetic peptides based on this sequence and found that both synthetic peptides and netrin‐1 suppressed HBV infection in chimeric mice with humanized livers and in primary hepatocytes isolated from them. The data reveal an antiviral function of the peptides and netrin‐1 in HBV infection that is independent of LIPG lipase activity.
Association of NLRP3 rs4612666 Gene Polymorphism with Helicobacter Pylori Infection Susceptibility a Case-Control Study Using Molecular and Statistical Analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Helicobacter pylori infection is a major global health concern, associated with various gastrointestinal disorders such as peptic ulcers and gastric cancer, which result in significant morbidity and economic burden on healthcare systems. This study investigates the relationship between the NLRP3 rs4612666 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to H. pylori infection using a case-control design that involved 200 people. We employed molecular techniques and statistical analyses to evaluate the distributions of genotypes and alleles. Our findings indicated no significant difference in the distribution of NLRP3 rs4612666 genotypes between the infected group (C/C: 35.0%, C/T: 51.0%, T/T: 14.0%) and the non-infected group (C/C: 24.0%, C/T: 50.0%, T/T: 26.0%) with a p-value of 0.059. However, we did observe a statistically significant difference in allele frequencies, with allele C found in 60.5% of the infected group compared to 49.0% in the non-infected group (p=0.021), suggesting that allele C may be linked to a higher susceptibility to H. pylori infection. Despite these insights, the study has limitations, including a small sample size and a lack of clinical validation, highlighting the necessity for further research with larger cohorts to verify these associations. This research enhances our understanding of the genetic factors contributing to H. pylori infection, which could inform future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and emphasizes the need to explore additional genetic markers to deepen our understanding of the disease&apos;s pathogenesis.
Are WTP Estimates for Fruit Quality Similar between Growers and Consumers? Results of a Choice Experiment on Four Rosaceous Fruit Crops

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

WTP research is typically applied to consumer groups. Scant applied economics research has been done to elicit producers’ preferences and values for fruit quality, despite the important role producers play in the supply chain, as they take the financial risk to invest in a promising cultivar, making it accessible to the consumer in the marketplace through a sometimes complex supply chain. Our results show evidence that fresh market fruit producers are generally aligned with consumer preferences, as flavor and textural components were consistently given the highest WTP value among other fruit quality characteristics. However, market intermediaries (e.g., shippers, packers, marketers) do not exhibit the same preferences across all crops. The specific economic valuation placed by growers, market intermediaries, and consumers on individual attributes can now provide breeding programs more specific information to evaluate the fruit quality trait, and the targeted levels for that trait, within their programs.
A School-Wide Attack on Reading Problems: Ways Secondary Teachers Can Support Striving Readers – Then and Now

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1975, Robert Shuman wrote an article that highlighted ways that secondary educators could support struggling readers within their own content-area classrooms. Some of the points made are still currently supported by research while many others have either been challenged by literacy scholars or expanded in new and exciting ways. This article reviews each of the recommendations Shuman identified with new information and research to discuss how the recommendation would be noted within today's secondary classrooms.
Genetic Engineering of an Escherichia coli Mutant Phytase for Thermostability Does Not Affect the Enzymatic Efficacy in a Diet for Young Pigs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Previous protein engineering research in this laboratory has yielded an Escherichia coli AppA2 mutant phytase with improved thermostability and an Aspergillus niger PhyA mutant phytase with improved thermostability and pH profile. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of these phytase variants in improving phytate phosphorus utilization by weanling pigs. A total of 40 pigs (5-week old, Yorkshire-Landrace-Hampshire crossbred) were fed a corn-soybean meal based basal diet (BD, without supplemental inorganic phosphorus) or the BD supplemented with the wild-type of AppA2, the AppA2 mutant, or the PhyA mutant at 300 U/kg of diet for four weeks. The phytase activity was assayed in citrate buffer, pH 5.5. Pigs (n = 10/treatment) were housed individually and had ad libitum access to feed and water. Daily feed intake and weekly body weight change of individual pigs were recorded, and blood samples of individual pigs were taken weekly to measure plasma inorganic phosphorus concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activity. Pigs fed the wild-type and the AppA2 mutant phytases had higher (P < 0.01) plasma inorganic phosphorus concentrations from week 2 through week 4 and lower (P < 0.05) plasma alkaline phosphatase activity in week 4 than did pigs fed the BD or the PhyA mutant. The latter two groups showed similar values in these measures. The overall growth performance of pigs was not affected by the dietary treatments. In conclusion, the AppA2 mutant phytase engineered for improved thermostability was as effective as the wild-type in releasing phytate-phosphorus from the diet for weanling pigs. The feeding performance of the PhyA mutant reinforces the difficulty in predicting nutritional value of recombinant enzymes.
Development and commissioning of FBG sensors for impact test of rock fall protective barrier

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose – This paper aims to present an effective sensing detection system based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology for protective barriers that have been effectively applied to intercept and stop rocks from falling onto railway tracks. . Determination of exact stress and deformation values during impact tests for key components of the protective barrier forms important criteria for quality control of these barriers. Monitoring changes in force along the protective barrier when deployed in field application allows for real-time disaster warning for collapse and falling rocks. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, we propose a monitoring strategy for key components of a protective barrier. During performance tests, dynamic force and strain were measured for the steel strands and supporting I-beam, respectively. Design of a special elastic structure for the force transducer based on finite element analysis and tensile tests has been discussed here. Two types of FBG force transducers were manufactured based on the elastic structure. Four FBG force transducers and four FBG strain sensors were used for impact verification testing of a new rigid protective barrier with a design protection level of 25 KJ. Findings – Dynamic force and strain responses were obtained during an impact of free-falling block with a kinetic energy of 25 KJ. Originality/value – The FBG monitoring scheme can be extremely valuable for optimized design of the barrier and can provide real-time disaster warning in regions of collapse and falling rocks.
The effect of daylight intensity on the ascorbic acid content of three Nigerian leafy vegetables

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The ascorbic acid content of leaves of three vegetables, Amaranthus viridis, Talinum triangulare and Telfairia occidentalis, was assessed at daylight intensities of 850, 700 and 354 lux. For each species, the ascorbic acid concentration was highest at 850 lux and least at 354 lux, while T. occidentalis had the highest concentration and A. viridis the lowest at all three daylight intensities. Copyright © 2005 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
[Primary results of laser recanalization in the endovascular treatment of arterial stenosis and occlusion of the lower limbs. Apropos of 45 treated cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Forty-five lower limb arterial lesions were treated by Nd Yag laser angioplasty using 1.4 and 2 mm hybrid catheters in 31 patients. This population comprised 28 men and 3 women (average age 63.8 +/- 3 years) 20 were in Stage II, 5 in Stage III and 6 in Stage IV of Fontaine's classification. The arteriographic lesions were 22 occlusions with an average length of 12.3 cm and 23 stenoses averaging 87% luminal reduction a few millimeters long to a maximum of a string of stenoses. Seventeen of these lesions were very calcified. The stenoses were situated on the iliac artery (7 cases), superficial femoral artery (28 cases), popliteal artery (9 cases) and the tibio-peroneal artery (1 case). There were no fatalities or recourse to emergency surgery. All patients underwent complementary balloon dilatation. The immediate patency rate was 91% in stenotic and 72% in occlusive lesions. At one week, the patency rate for stenotic lesions was unchanged but it had fallen to 59% for occlusive lesions (arteriographic evaluation). Angioscopy was used 22 times: it was indissociable to laser angioplasty as it enabled diagnosis and controlled the result. The use of thermal laser with hybrid catheters (metallic window tip) in endovascular procedures is a safe and effective method of treating stenosis and occlusion of lower limb arteries.
Policy-Related Definitions of Giftedness

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the policy arena, definitions of giftedness facilitate decision-making, which is inextricably tied to resource allocation. Currently there is a federal definition of giftedness and a modest federal research program focused on how to identify and serve students who have been underrepresented in gifted education programs: low-income, minority, English language learners, and children with disabilities. In the opening vignette, the Task Force members worked to create a high-quality policy definition of giftedness that could guide the development of their gifted education programming district-wide. For advocates and practitioners, a command of knowledge and expertise in gifted education is not enough to ensure program success or continuation. Instead, establishing a common, operational policy definition of giftedness can provide the direction needed to prod institutions and communities to develop a lasting support system that recognizes all gifted students and sustains their growth and continued educational advancement in every area of human endeavor.
Evaluation of forest tree breeding strategies based on partial pedigree reconstruction through simulations: Pinus pinaster and Eucalyptus nitens as case studies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Despite recent developments in molecular markers, most forest tree breeding programmes do not use them routinely. One way to integrate markers would be to use them for pedigree reconstruction after a simplified mating design through polymix or open-pollinated breeding. Thanks to the latest developments in the POPSIM simulator, various breeding strategies, including some based on paternity recovery, were evaluated with specified constraints on the level of diversity over breeding cycles. These simulations were carried out in two case studies: the French Pinus pinaster (Ait.) and the New Zealand Eucalyptus nitens (H. Dean & Maiden) Maiden breeding programmes. The Pinus pinaster case study produced lower genetic gain for the polymix breeding strategy with paternity recovery compared with double-pair mating or optimal-contribution strategies. However, the polymix breeding strategy could be of interest if the mating design is faster to complete. In the Eucalyptus nitens case study, pedigree recovery was shown to be a mandatory step to controlling the erosion of diversity over breeding cycles. In both cases, the strategies based on pedigree reconstruction were applicable with a limited level of genotyping. Finally, these simulations allow some general recommendations to be drawn to help breeders when designing a strategy for forest tree breeding.