jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Preparing for replay

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cyclic debugging is the process normally used for examining and removing bugs in computer systems. For this process, the possibility to deterministically repeat executions is a requirement without repeatible experiments, it is not certain that existing bugs can be located. Thus, in order to debug realtime systems, which normally do not allow repeatable experiments, additional methods are needed to provide repeatability. Several solutions based on a resource demanding record/replay approach have been proposed: By recording data describing the occurencies of non-deterministic events during a reference execution, and then using this data to force a consequtive replay excecution to perform in the same way as the reference, repeatability in experiments is achieved. We adhere to the previous work on deterministic replay by Thane et al. The method assumes that memory resources have limited capacity compared to the amount of data recorded. This assumption leads to that data available after the completion of the reference execution does not cover the reference execution in its entirety, wherefore replay must be started from a state which is not the initial state of the system. To facilitate this, at predefined locations in the code, checkpoints are taken of the individual task-states. In order to reduce the overhead imposed on the system, checkpoints are not required to be exhaustive, only to cover the parts of the data-space with non-deterministic properties. The combination of these factors leads to an environment that requires new methods for initiating replay one of the contribution of this thesis is such a method. By treating each task in the system independently, we show (by means of an industrial case-study) that a restarted version of the system can be made to look like the reference execution. In order to guarantee that a replay execution can always be performed, the addition of this new method triggers the requirement of new dynamic methods for managing data during recording. The second contribution of this thesis is a dynamic memory manager that fills this gap and is also shown to improve memory utilization in sporadic real-time systems.
Experimental Investigation of Fatigue Properties of Udimet (Su-720) at Different Temperatures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Fatigue is one of the most predominating factors for causing failure in metals constituting around 90% of failures occurring in strong elements. Experimentation has proved that Nickel alloys have good Fatigue properties. The temperatures at the turbine end of the engines ranges from as high as 700 o C to 1000 o C. The materials used for the turbine disc should sustain high temperatures, corrosive and oxidizing environments. Ni-based superalloys such as Su-720 alloy have been used in gas turbines as discs at high temperature because of its excellent high temperature mechanical properties. The objective of the present work is to study the low cycle fatigue (< 10 5 cycles) behaviour of Nickel-based Super alloy, Su-720 specimen which is used in aircrafts engines compressor disc at temperatures up to 750 o C under strain control tests. The inter relationships between microstructure factors and properties of the specimen are analysed using Optical microscope. Material extracted from a forged and annealed (at 730 o C) Su-720 disc is studied. To study the fatigue properties of the material, testing is done at different locations of the disc under different loading and straining conditions.
In the House of Rimmon: British Aid to the Soviet Union, June–September 1941

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

British efforts to aid the Soviet Union in the early months of the war in the East are underexplored and simplified in the historiography of Allied supply to the Soviet Union during the Second World War. In fact, British leaders recognized within weeks of the German invasion that the Eastern Front was the most important front in the war against Nazi Germany and that the Soviets were likely to continue to resist for a long time. Britain then became increasingly committed to supplying the Soviets with material aid. Despite the difficulties involved, and Soviet uncooperativeness, British aid prior to the Moscow Supply Conference was substantial and relatively swift. The expansion of aid into a large-scale effort, later established on a lend-lease basis, had its origins in the evolution of British assessments and priorities over the summer of 1941.
277 Advancing Surgical Education with a Cost-Efficient Toe Amputation Simulation Model: A Cohort Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Undergraduate amputation education is underrepresented, limiting exposure to training. Porcine simulation models, known for their anatomical similarity to humans and cost-efficiency, have gained popularity in surgical education. This study evaluates the educational impact of a low-cost porcine toe amputation simulation model in enhancing theoretical knowledge, technical skills, and anatomical understanding. Aim Assess the educational effectiveness of a cost-efficient porcine toe amputation simulation model in improving knowledge and technical skills. Method Twenty-four medical students and three surgical trainees participated in a workshop featuring a didactic lecture on anatomy and surgical principles, followed by hands-on practice with porcine models. Pre- and post-workshop surveys assessed theoretical knowledge, surgical confidence, instrument familiarity, and post-operative management using Likert scales. Technical skills were evaluated using Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS). Statistical analysis employed Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results 74.1% (20) had no prior toe amputation experience. Theoretical knowledge improved significantly from 1.52 ± 0.98 to 3.81 ± 1.04 (P &lt; 0.01), and surgical confidence increased from 1.48 ± 0.98 to 3.44 ± 1.19 (P &lt; 0.01). Familiarity with anatomical structures rose from 1.78 ± 0.97 to 3.22 ± 1.19 (P &lt; 0.01). OSATS scoring showed significant improvements in all areas (P &lt; 0.01).Participants rated workshop effectiveness at 4.19 ± 0.74 and recommendation likelihood at 4.52 ± 0.64. Conclusions The simulation model significantly improves knowledge and technical skills. Future workshops could incorporate psychological and physiological care to provide a comprehensive learning experience.
Modeling Image Processing Tasks As Flexible Workflows for Improved Quality of Service

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Processing of nontrivial images is a difficult task performed throughout a set of ordered steps. Besides the basic functionality that a process must satisfy, quality of service goals are to be met. Images should be processed within a certain time and a certain quality should be attained. To manage image-processing tasks in the optimal way, the process goals must be defined explicitly and their fulfillment has be controlled. Modeling image-processing tasks with workflows would enable control of the fulfillment of goals. In addition, by introducing flexible semantics in the workflow, the process could be executed along optimal execution alternatives. In this paper, we propose an approach to model the class of image processing tasks with workflows that would, based on the extended semantics, allow for flexibility in the process execution toward optimal goals fulfillment.
Membrane Thermodynamics for Osmotic Phenomena

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this chapter, we briefly review the thermodynamic ensembles and associated energy functions using the seven thermodynamic variables. The energy E, the entropy S, and the system volume V are used to derive the temperature T and pressure P. The chemical potential μ is derived as the change of the system energy with respect to the number of matters N in the isobaric‐isothermal environment. A dilute solution is defined as a homogeneous mixture of solvent and inert solutes, where the total number and volume of solutes are much smaller than those of the solvent. Gibbs free energy of the dilute solution is used to rigorously derive the osmotic pressure by equilibrating chemical potentials of solutes and solvent. Nonequilibrium of the filtration systems is reviewed by introducing the irreversible thermodynamic model with Onsager’s reciprocal theorem. Direct applications of the irreversible thermodynamic model are currently limited due to the absence of the exact nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. We hope this chapter, containing a review of statistical mechanics, related to membrane separations and osmosis phenomena, helps researchers and especially graduate students, who seek an in‐depth understanding of membrane separation from the theoretical statistical physics as applied to chemical and environmental engineering.
Electrical and mechanical modeling of embedded capacitors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Integral passives have many advantages, such as: improving packaging efficiency and electrical performance, reducing the use of printed wiring board (PWB) real estate, eliminating assembly to board, minimizing solder joint failure and enhanced reliability. The objective of this research is to reduce the size and enhance the performance of a multi-chip-module (MCM) used in aerospace accelerometers and gyroscopes by incorporating all the discrete components into the low-cost printed wiring board MCM substrate. To achieve this goal, we intend to use the low temperature process to incorporate decoupling capacitors directly into the substrate during the PWB manufacturing process. Computer simulation and modeling of embedded capacitors were carried out to predict the capacitance range, fabrication tolerance, the interference between adjacent capacitors and the effects of vias. The commercial finite element software ANSYS was used for the modeling work, which includes electric and thermomechanical analyses of embedded capacitor with/without via and the interference between two adjacent capacitors. Attention was given to the effects of different dielectric constants and geometry of the embedded capacitors. FEM model provides a good picture of the distribution, electrical performance and tolerance of capacitors for the design and manufacturing process.
Promoter-proximal CCCTC-factor binding is associated with an increase in the transcriptional pausing index

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Motivation: It has been known for more than 2 decades that after RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) initiates transcription, it can enter into a paused or stalled state immediately downstream of the transcription start site before productive elongation. Recent advances in high-throughput genomic technologies facilitated the discovery that RNAPII pausing at promoters is a widespread physiologically regulated phenomenon. The molecular underpinnings of pausing are incompletely understood. The CCCTC-factor (CTCF) is a ubiquitous nuclear factor that has diverse regulatory functions, including a recently discovered role in promoting RNAPII pausing at splice sites.
The Right to Responsible Scientific Progress (Scientific Responsibility)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Arguing that scientific responsibility is part of the normative content of the right to science, this chapter describes the normative basis and content of the second cluster of rights within the right to science: the right to responsible science. This right imposes two duties on scientists: to respect scientific integrity and to responsible anticipation. The chapter discusses how respect for scientific integrity requires scientists to adhere to the norms of research integrity and scientific citizenry and how the duty to responsible anticipation includes the duty to respect research participants and to anticipate the benefits and harms of scientific progress and its applications. The steps that scientists must implement to discharge both duties are also discussed. The chapter then looks at the role of states in ensuring adherence to scientific responsibility standards and proposes indicators for monitoring adherence.
Teachers' Perceptions of Learning Technologies: An Informing Issue in High School Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A study of the perceptions of learning technologies of a group of high school teachers was undertaken. Underlying the study was the research-based notion that enhanced learning outcomes are likely only if learning technologies are perceived as a means for students to seek the meaning of the subject material. The teachers were interviewed about their perceptions at the beginning and end of a two year period. The interview transcripts were analyzed using phenomenographic research approaches to identify critical variation in perception. The teachers' perceptions of learning technologies were found to have unrelated "what" and "how" components. The "what" component concerned perception of technology. The "how" component concerned perception of the nature of enhanced learning. The various perceptions were found to be inadequate with regard to the "how" component and unlikely to lead to enhanced student learning outcomes. The research findings lead to the suggestion that the teachers need professional development in the nature of enhanced learning and how learning technologies can be used in the classroom to facilitate better learning outcomes.
Second Thoughts and the Epistemological Enterprise

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

What happens when we have second thoughts about the epistemic standing of our beliefs, when we stop to check on beliefs which we have already formed or hypotheses which we have under consideration? In the essays collected in this volume, Hilary Kornblith considers this and other questions about self-knowledge and the nature of human reason. The essays draw extensively on work in social psychology to illuminate traditional epistemological issues: in contrast with traditional Cartesian approaches to these issues, Kornblith engages with empirically motivated skeptical problems, and shows how they may be constructively addressed in practical and theoretical terms. As well as bringing together ten previously published essays, the volume contains two entirely new pieces that engage with ideas of self and rational nature. Kornblith's approach lays the foundations for further development in epistemology that will benefit from advances in our understanding of human psychology.
Alleviation effects of natural volatile organic compounds from Pinus densiflora and Chamaecyparis obtusa on systemic and pulmonary inflammation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chamaecyparis obtusa (C. obtusa) and Pinus densiflora (P. densiflora) have been traditionally used as antibiotic, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory agents in Asian folk medicine. Recent studies have demonstrated antioxidant, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of C. obtusa and P. densiflora extracts. In the present study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of C. obtusa and P. densiflora were examined to determine whether they have anti-inflammatory capabilities. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of VOCs of C. obtusa and P. densiflora, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered to the lung by nasal injection and to the whole body by intraperitoneal injection. Alterations in serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and prostaglandin E2 (PgE2) were examined using ELISA. LPS-increased serum IgE and PgE2 levels were recovered by administration of dexamethasone and VOCs of C. obtusa and P. densiflora. Levels of mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines were determined in an LPS-induced inflammation mouse model. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase 2, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-13 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The expression of all examined cytokine mRNAs increased by LPS was suppressed by dexamethasone and VOCs of C. obtusa and P. densiflora. Similar tendencies were observed in lung tissues and cells obtained via bronchoalveolar lavage. The results of the present study suggested that VOCs of C. obtusa and P. densiflora, through their immunosuppressive activities, may have therapeutic potential in the treatment or prevention of inflammation.
Progresses in the research of mycotoxins in dry-cured ham

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Some strains of moulds were isolated from dry-cured hams which could produce mycotoxins such as aflatoxin, cyclopiazonic acid, penicillic acid, sterigmatocysin, patulin, griseofulvin, mycophenolic acid, ochratoxin, citrinin and verrucosidin when these moulds grew in culture media. All toxigenic moulds belonged to Penicillium and Aspergillus. P. viridicatum could produce cyclopiazonic acid which was quite stable in ham, so this mycotoxin could pose a hazard to human health. Non-toxigenic mould strains could be used as starters in dry-cured hams to prevent mycotoxins forming in dry-cured hams.
Peptide mapping of heterogeneous protein samples.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A simple two-dimensional electrophoretic method for peptide mapping of heterogeneous protein samples is presented. The reduced and denatured proteins of the mixture are separated in a first dimension by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. After completion of the electrophoresis, the whole gel lane is equilibrated in stacking gel buffer and is transferred at right angles onto a second slab gel. A protease solution is overlayed on the gel lane and a partial proteolysis of the proteins to be analyzed is performed during the stacking phase of the second electrophoresis. The second electrophoresis resolves the characteristic pattern of peptides of each individual protein as a series of spots located below the original position of the undigested protein. The peptide maps of the following samples are presented as examples: protein P23 and P23* of bacteriophage T4, membranes of Dictyostelium discoideum, membranes of human erythrocytes, and 35S-labeled proteins of D. discoideum synthesized in vivo or in a cell-free wheat germ extract. In complex samples, up to 20 individual proteins can be analyzed at once and a protein comprising only 1% of the total sample generates a clearly identifiable peptide pattern. Good reproducibility of the patterns obtained allows the comparison of samples of different origins.
Pengaruh Program Kurikulum Merdeka terhadap Pengembangan Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru Penggerak dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract. The purpose of this article is to show how the Independent Curriculum program implemented by BBGP Central Java Province has affected the progress of education in Indonesia, especially in improving the quality of teachers. Therefore, teachers must be able to adapt to government regulations in order to achieve national education goals and be able to provide effective and efficient quality learning in encouraging a globally competitive generation, so that teachers must master 4 (four) competencies, namely pedagogical, professional, social and personality. One of the Independent Curriculum programs is teacher mobilization, which is a regional government initiative to strengthen teacher competence and quality through improving pedagogical abilities, leadership and the application of innovation in the learning process. This writing uses a descriptive qualitative method with the data collection techniques used are interviews and literature reviews. The place used for writing this article is the Center for Teacher Mobilization in Central Java Province. The research results show that the entire Merdeka Curriculum program is aimed at improving education in Indonesia, especially the teacher mobilization program which has an important role in improving and increasing the quality of teachers in Central Java. Through BBGP Central Java Province, teachers have the opportunity to take part in training and coaching aimed at improving teaching skills, understanding the latest curriculum, and applying innovative learning methods, so that teachers are able to design learning processes that are relevant to the Merdeka Curriculum, namely learning that emphasizes differentiation, social learning. emotional, and positive discipline.
Hierarchical Clustering Given Confidence Intervals of Metric Distances

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers metric spaces where distances between a pair of nodes are represented by distance intervals. The goal is to study methods for the determination of hierarchical clusters, i.e., a family of nested partitions indexed by a resolution parameter, induced from the given distance intervals of the metric spaces. Our construction of hierarchical clustering methods is based on defining admissible methods to be those methods that abide to the axioms of value - nodes in a metric space with two nodes are clustered together at the convex combination of the distance bounds between them - and transformation - when both distance bounds are reduced, the output may become more clustered but not less. Two admissible methods are constructed and are shown to provide universal upper and lower bounds in the space of admissible methods. Practical implications are explored by clustering moving points via snapshots and by clustering networks representing brain structural connectivity using the lower and upper bounds of the network distance. The proposed clustering methods succeed in identifying underlying clustering structures via the maximum and minimum distances in all snapshots, as well as in differentiating brain connectivity networks of patients from those of healthy controls.
Ischemic mitral valve regurgitation grade II-III: correction in patients with impaired left ventricular function undergoing simultaneous coronary revascularization.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Both MV repair and replacement preserving subvalvular apparatus in patients with impaired LV function offered acceptable outcome in terms of morbidity and survival. Surgical correction of grade II-III MVR in patients with impaired LV function should be taken into consideration as it provides better survival and improves LV function.
Observations on a Slab of New Red Sandstone from the Quarries at Weston, near Runcorn, Cheshire, containing the Impressions of Footsteps and other markings.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The notices of fossil impressions of footsteps in the New red sandstone are now sufficiently numerous, as well in Warwickshire and Shropshire as in Cheshire, to take away the interest of novelty from any discovery of this nature; yet I consider the slab about to be described sufficiently new to justify my laying the following account of it before the Geological Society. The summit of the quarry of New red sandstone whence this specimen was extracted by Mr. Feraday Smith is about 100 feet above the level of the Mersey at Weston. The rock is here worked perpendicularly to about fifty feet from the top, and the seams which contain the impressions are two in number and are nearly three feet apart, the higher being twenty-four feet from the top. Both these seams consist of from half to three-quarters of an inch of reddish silty clay, upon which when soft the impressions have been made, and the lower series has larger and better-defined marks than the other. The beds dip to the south-west at an angle of about 10°, and are of a red colour and coarse grain. The slab in question is seven feet long by three and half feet broad. It contains none of the footprints of the so-called Chirotherium (Labyrithodon , Owen), but is full of those of smaller reptiles, apparently both Emydian and Batrachian, besides others which may have been made by birds. It is remarkable for the singular complication of cracks it presents, these forming a