jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Wall-Defective Bacteria

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The past two decades have witnessed many instructive revelations of the anatomy and biochemistry of the bacterial cell.1,2These discoveries have stimulated great interest in the possible role, in clinical or experimental infection, of bacteria which differ from conventional bacterial forms.3-5Are such organisms laboratory freaks or do they play a role in disease? The terminology of bacteria wholly or partly deficient in their cell walls has become increasingly confused and is still subject to nuances of interpretation. The term L-form was coined in 1935 by Emmy Klieneberger, MD,6to designate what she called "protoplasmic forms" derived from a strain ofStreptobacillus moniliformiswith which she was working at the Lister Institute in London. Not knowing exactly what she was dealing with, but needing a name, she called these aberrant organisms "L-forms," after the Lister Institute. Subsequent studies by microbiologists have resulted in the usual spate of
Fast Kalman-Like Optimal Unbiased FIR Filtering With Applications

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, an optimal unbiased finite impulse response (OUFIR) filter is proposed as a linking solution between the unbiased FIR (UFIR) filter and the Kalman filter (KF). We first derive the batch OUFIR estimator to minimize the mean square error (MSE) subject to the unbiasedness constraint and then find its fast iterative form. It is shown that the OUFIR filter is full horizon (FH) and that its estimate converges to the KF estimate by increasing the horizon length N. As a special feature, we note that the FH OUFIR filter operates almost as fast as the KF. Several other critical properties of the OUFIR filter are illustrated based on simulations and practical applications. Similar to the UFIR filter, and contrary to the KF, the OUFIR filter is highly insensitive to the initial conditions. It has much better robustness than KF against temporary model uncertainties. Finally, the OUFIR filter allows for ignoring system noise, which is typically not well known to the engineer.
Implementation of TRIZ Elements in Solving Innovative Problems as a Tool for Effective Commercialization of Innovations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The commercialization of the results of intellectual work in innovatively active economic systems is the main way to capitalize a business and gain competitive advantages in a specific market segment. In this regard, it becomes especially relevant to consider ways to intensify the efficiency of the above process. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to consider one of these methods, namely, the TRIZ methodology applicable to solving an innovative problem. The problematic aspect is the life cycle of innovation from the search for an idea to commercialization from the standpoint of the system. Using a theoretical research method, the author analyzes indicators reflecting the innovative activity of Russian applicants. Based on the analysis of the presented data, the author formulated a number of activities, the elaboration of which is designed to structure awareness of the problem with the search, creation, implementation and subsequent implementation of innovative products using the TRIZ methodology.
Flux-rope-mediated Turbulent Magnetic Reconnection

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present a new model of magnetic reconnection in the presence of turbulence. The new model differs from the Lazarian–Vishniac turbulent reconnection theory by emphasizing the role of locally coherent magnetic structures, whose existence is shown to be permitted by the properties of magnetic field line separation in turbulent plasma. Local coherence allows storage of magnetic helicity inside the reconnection layer in the form of locally coherent twisted flux ropes. We then introduce the “Alfvén horizon” to explain why the global reconnection rate can be governed by locally coherent magnetic field structure instead of by field line wandering, formally extending to 3D the principle that reconnection can be made fast by fragmentation of the global current layer. Coherence is shown to dominate over field line dispersion if the anisotropy of the turbulence at the perpendicular scale matching the thickness of a marginally stable current layer exceeds the aspect ratio of the current layer. Finally, we conjecture that turbulence generated within the reconnection layer may produce a critically balanced state that maintains the system in the flux-rope-mediated regime. The new model successfully accounts for the major features of 3D numerical simulations of self-generated turbulent reconnection, including reconnection rates of 0.01 in resistive MHD and 0.1 with collisionless physics.
Chemotherapy-Related Tumour Lysis Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two types of tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) ; 1. Laboratory TLS: \n25% increase in potassium, phosphate and uric acid, or decline in calcium from baseline. Occur within 4 days of initiating chemotherapy. Patients on standard of care. Minimum of two out of four criteria. \n \n2. Clinical tumour lysis syndrome: Laboratory TLS plus renal failure, cardiac arrhythmias or sudden death. A new definition has been suggested by Cairo and Bishop to include values above upper limit of normal. Study used Hande and Garrow definition.
A Cramér–Wold device for infinite divisibility of Zd-valued distributions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We show that a Cramér–Wold device holds for infinite divisibility of Zd-valued distributions, i.e. that the distribution of a Zd-valued random vector X is infinitely divisible if and only if the distribution of aTX is infinitely divisible for all a∈Rd, and that this in turn is equivalent to infinite divisibility of the distribution of aTX for all a∈N0d. A key tool for proving this is a Lévy–Khintchine type representation with a signed Lévy measure for the characteristic function of a Zd-valued distribution, provided the characteristic function is zero-free.
Effectivity test of ethanol extract of black pepper (Piper nigrum) against mortality of Aedes aegypti and its effect on midgut morphological changes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aedes aegypti is the vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Dengue vector management usually depends on synthetic larvicides. However, it can lead to insect resistance and leave chemical pollutant residues. Therefore natural larvicides are needed for their environmentally friendly and do not induce insect resistance. Piper nigrum fruit is expected to contain secondary metabolites beneficial as larvicides to Aedes aegypti. This study aims to test the effectivity of the ethanol extract of Piper nigrum fruit on the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae and determine the effect of extract exposure on larval midgut morphological changes. The study used a completely randomized design with five experimental groups and four repetitions as follows: K (aquades + 0% extract), P1 (0.25% extract), P2 (0.50% extract), P3 (0.75% extract), P4 (1% extract). Data analysis used one-way ANOVA and continued to the LSD Post hoc test. The extract's effectiveness was analyzed using the probit test and LC50 confirmation. Changes in the morphology of larval midgut were observed descriptively and presented in the form of tables and figures. The results showed that the 1% treatment resulted in the highest larval mortality of 93% and the lowest in the 0.25% treatment of 43%. The LC50 value was 2,666 based on the probit analysis. The ethanol extract of Piper nigrum fruit affected midgut morphological changes of Aedes aegypti larvae characterized by peripheral membrane damage, microvilli thinning, epithelial cell swelling and vacuolation, and basement membrane damage.
Playtesting The Digital Playground

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Being able to be absorbed in play in the digital playground is motivating for children who are used digital computer games. The children can play and exercise outdoors while using the same literacy as in indoor digital games. This paper presents a new playground product where an outdoor playground has been combined with digital games. The playground was tested in natural surroundings in a school yard and the findings about the interplay between digital and analog play are described here. Finally balancing in digital and analog games is discussed.
[Isolated tumor of the rectum as primary manifestation of Burkitt lymphoma (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Burkitt tumors are malignant lymphoblastic lymphomas occurring predominantly in Africa in children and young adults and involving in many cases the intestinal tract; these tumors occur rather seldom outside Africa. A case report is given of a white 21 old female suffering from this disease; that first manifestation was an isolated ulcerating tumor of the rectum without involvement of other organs of lymph nodes. Diagnosis was confirmed by rectum biopsy. X-ray therapy, cytostatic therapy and amputation of the rectum did not prevent a fast progression of the disease and final death, which is the usual course of the disease when it occurs outside Africa.
Traffic Distributions and Independence II: Universal Constructions for Traffic Spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We investigate questions related to the notion of traffics introduced by the author C. Male as a noncommutative probability space with numerous additional operations and equipped with the notion of traffic independence. We prove that any sequence of unitarily invariant random matrices that converges in noncommutative distribution converges in distribution of traffics whenever it fulfills some factorization property. We provide an explicit description of the limit which allows to recover and extend some applications (on the freeness from the transposed ensembles by Mingo and Popa and the freeness of infinite transitive graphs by Accardi, Lenczewski and Salapata). We also improve the theory of traffic spaces by considering a positivity axiom related to the notion of state in noncommutative probability. We construct the free product of spaces of traffics and prove that it preserves the positivity condition. This analysis leads to our main result stating that every noncommutative probability space endowed with a tracial state can be enlarged and equipped with a structure of space of traffics.
REAL EXCHANGE RATE AND ECONOMIC FUNDAMENTAL: EMPIRICAL STUDY OF ASEAN-5

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

\nThis paper studies the effect of fundamental economic variables on real exchange rates in Asean-5. The fundamental economic variables are capital mobility, technological progress, terms of trade, opennes index and fiscal policy. The paper applies panel unit root test, panel cointegration test, and Engle-Yoo three-step for short run and long run equilibrium. The result indicates that purchasing power parity holds in the short run. The estimation of equilibrium real exchange rate equation suggests that the direction of the coefficients is in accordance with the theory. It also finds that capital inflow negatively influences equilibrium real exchange rates, and that technological progress affects real exchange rate. \n
Anton Wolfler - forgotten genius of surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nowadays, when surgery as a science was so rapidly developed, the names of many scientists who stood at its origins are forgotten or rarely mentioned, and their contribution remains underestimated. One of them is the innovator of surgery of the XIX century. Czech scientist Anton Welfler, whose bold ideas have spread far beyond the boundaries of abdominal surgery. Unfortunately, for many he is known only as the author of the methodology for the formation of gastroenteroanastomosis and as a student of Theodore Billroth. However, in reality, A. Welfler made an incomparably greater contribution not only to gastric surgery, but also to herniology, thyroid surgery. The result of his study of embryogenesis, the histological structure of the thyroid gland, his own clinical experience gained two monographs, subsequently recognized as fundamental in this section of surgery. He developed a histological classification of thyroid cancer, for the first time described both solid and cystic forms of papillary cancer. He also suggested the possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Together with Theodore Billroth A. Welfler introduced the technique of total thyroidectomy into clinical practice. Widely used in modern surgical practice, gastroenteroanastomosis with the loop of the small intestine turned off and the U-shaped inter-intestinal anastomosis, named after Caesar Roux, was in fact, developed by A. Welfler in the experiment. Caesar Roux himself noted A. Welfler’s priority in the invention of this design. In 1897, Caesar Roux modified the method of A. Welfler, forming a posterior-free version of this operation.
Sound field synthesis of arbitrary moving sources using spectral division method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The spectral division method (SDM) is one of several sound field synthesis techniques of spatial sound reproduction. The synthesis accuracy of SDM is usually higher than that of wave field synthesis (WFS). However, existing SDM-based sound field synthesis methods are developed for virtual sources moving uniformly along a straight trajectory. This Letter proposes a 2.5-dimensional SDM driving function for arbitrary moving sources. Numerical simulations have validated the driving function. The results indicate that the synthesis error of the SDM with the proposed driving function is lower than that of WFS, especially when the virtual source is close to the secondary sources.
Bovine Babesiosis in Turkey: Impact, Current Gaps, and Opportunities for Intervention

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Bovine babesiosis is a global tick-borne disease that causes important cattle losses and has potential zoonotic implications. The impact of bovine babesiosis in Turkey remains poorly characterized, but several Babesia spp., including B. bovis, B. bigemina, and B. divergens, among others and competent tick vectors, except Rhipicephalus microplus, have been recently identified in the country. Bovine babesiosis has been reported in all provinces but is more prevalent in central and highly humid areas in low and medium altitude regions of the country housing approximately 70% of the cattle population. Current control measures include acaricides and babesicidal drugs, but not live vaccines. Despite the perceived relevant impact of bovine babesiosis in Turkey, basic research programs focused on developing in vitro cultures of parasites, point-of-care diagnostic methods, vaccine development, “omics” analysis, and gene manipulation techniques of local Babesia strains are scarce. Additionally, no effective and coordinated control efforts managed by a central animal health authority have been established to date. Development of state-of-the-art research programs in bovine babesiosis to address current gaps in knowledge and implementation of long-term plans to control the disease will surely result in important economic, nutritional, and public health benefits for the country and the region.
A New Species of Thamnobryum (Musci: Neckeraceae) from Venezuela, with a Key to the Neotropical Species of Thamnobryum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Thamnobryum liesneri differs from all other species of Thamnobryum in its ligulate to Un¬ gulate secondary stem and branch leaves that have exceptionally broad (to 160 gm wide and a third or more of the leaf base width), strongly forked and spurred, subpercurrent costae.It differs from all species of Porotrichum and Porothamnium in hav¬ ing leaves with very' broad costae and short upper cells.A key to the three species of Thamnobryum in the Neotropics is given.
Named Entity Detection and Injection for Direct Speech Translation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In a sentence, certain words are critical for its semantic. Among them, named entities (NEs) are notoriously challenging for neural models. Despite their importance, their accurate handling has been neglected in speech-to-text (S2T) translation research, and recent work has shown that S2T models perform poorly for locations and notably person names, whose spelling is challenging unless known in advance. In this work, we explore how to leverage dictionaries of NEs known to likely appear in a given context to improve S2T model outputs. Our experiments show that we can reliably detect NEs likely present in an utterance starting from S2T encoder outputs. Indeed, we demonstrate that the current detection quality is sufficient to improve NE accuracy in the translation with a 31% reduction in person name errors.
Age-Related Alterations in Gait Function in Freely Moving Male C57BL/6 Mice: Translational Relevance of Decreased Cadence and Increased Gait Variability

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Age-related gait dysfunction and balance disorders are a major cause of falls and injury in the elderly population. Epidemiological studies have shown that disturbances in gait coordination which manifest with age are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, impaired cognitive capacity, as well as reduced level of function and loss of independence. In geroscience, mice are the most frequently used model system to test efficiency of antiaging interventions. Despite the clinical importance of age-related gait abnormalities in older adults, the impact of aging on mouse gait coordination is not well documented in the literature. To characterize the effect of aging on mouse gait, we assessed gait function in young (3-month-old) and aged (24-month-old) freely moving C57BL/6 mice using the semiautomated, highly sensitive CatWalk XT system for quantitative assessment of footfall and motor performance. We found that aged mice exhibited significantly decreased cadence and increased stride time variability. Aging also tended to alter footfall patterns. In aged mice, speed, swing speed, stride length, duty cycle, base of support, terminal dual stance, the regularity index, and the gait symmetry index were unaltered. Thus, aging is associated with characteristic alterations in gait function in C57BL/6 mice, which could potentially be assessed as clinically relevant endpoints in geroscience studies testing the effects of antiaging interventions.
An Ethical Decision-Making Framework with Serious Gaming: Smart Water Case Study on Flooding

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sensors and control technologies are being deployed extensively in both urban water networks and rural river systems, leading to unprecedented ability to sense and control our water environment. Because these sensor networks and control systems allow for higher resolution monitoring and decision making in both time and space, greater discretization of control will allow for an unprecedented precision of impacts, both positive and negative. Likewise, due to growth in system complexity, humans will continue to cede direct decision-making powers to decision-support technologies such as data algorithms. Systems will have ever-greater potential to effect human lives and yet humans will be insulated from direct decisions. Combined, these trends present a challenge for water resources management decision support tools to incorporate concepts ethical and normative expectations. Towards this end, we propose the Water Ethics Web Engine, (WE)2, an integrated and generalized web framework to incorporate voting-based ethical and normative preferences into water resources decision-support schemes. We then demonstrate the framework with a proof-of-concept use case where decision models are learned and deployed to respond to flooding scenarios. Results indicate the framework can capture group “wisdom” in learned models and use this to make decisions. We share our generalized framework and its cyber components openly with the research community.
A Performance Evaluation of a Lean Reparable Pipeline in Various Demand Environments

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Lean production and logistics processes were developed in the commercial sector to reduce total system costs of production while simultaneously providing high levels of customer service, increased productivity, and increased worker utilization, In 1993, the Air Force instituted the Lean Logistics program, which successfully implemented some commercial lean principles, enabling a reduction in the total reparable asset material requirement for the Air Force reparable asset pipeline. The Air Force is attempting to further implement lean production principles into depot repair in hopes of further enhancing reparable asset pipeline cost and customer service performance. However, the failure of reparable assets, which determines demand for Air Force depots can be extremely erratic and difficult to predict. A primary criticism of lean systems is their vulnerability in volatile demand environments. Therefore, the implementation of a full-scale lean approach to depot repair may not be conducive to operational success, The purpose of this research is evaluate whether the Air Force reparable pipeline operating under lean production and logistics principles can effectively support operational requirements in various demand environments. In an attempt to answer the research objective, multiple Arena simulation models of a "lean" reparable asset pipeline operating under various conditions were developed. A full factorial experimental design was employed and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was utilized to assess the effects of differing levels of demand variability, base and depot supply levels, and the use of premium transportation on cost and stockage effectiveness response variables.
Psychological Factors in the Development of Football-Talent from the Perspective of an Integrative Sport-Talent Model

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study presents a new, integrative model of sports talent. Following the theoretical part of the study a football-talent research is presented, in which a theoretical framework is provided by this new theory of sports talent. This research examines the role of psychological factors in football talent development. The sample was N=425 football-players of the First Division Men’s Junior and Adolescent Football Championships of the Hungarian Football League, and their coaches (N=21). The applied instruments were: Sporting Background Questionnaire, The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS – Hungarian version), Psychological Immune Competence Inventory (PICI), Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI), Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM), Co-Player Questionnaire, and Coach Questionnaire. As a result, significant differences were found between talented and control groups in the case of 27 variables out of 48 (6 scales of the SBQ, 5 scales of the ACSI-28, 9 scales of the PISI, 5 subscales and the Total self-concept scale of the TSCS, and in APM). More talented players showed more favourable values in each of the 27 intra-, and interpersonal dimensions. According to our results, the development of psychological factors (e.g. concentration, lack of anxiety, self-confidence, coping skills, and social skills) within an integrative approach can enhance personal efficiency in developing football giftedness.