jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Correlation and Path Analysis between Moderate Aroma Characteristic and Main Chemical Components

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to analyze the effects of main chemical component contents on the moderate aroma characteristic of flue-cured tobacco leaves,the correlation and path analysis were carried out by using different tobacco leaves from different producing areas.Correlation analysis results showed that the moderate aroma characteristic had significantly or highly significantly positive correlation with nicotine and K/Cl,and negative correlation with the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar,the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine,the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine,protein and Cl.Path analysis results showed that the moderate aroma characteristic was affected directly by nicotine,total nitrogen,Cl,protein and the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine,and affected indirectly by the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar.However,the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine and K/Cl were with more indirect effects than direct effects on the moderate aroma characteristic.
Evolutionary design principles of modules that control cellular differentiation: consequences for hysteresis and multistationarity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Motivation: Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) govern cellular differentiation processes and enable construction of multicellular organisms from single cells. Although such networks are complex, there must be evolutionary design principles that shape the network to its present form, gaining complexity from simple modules. Results: To isolate particular design principles, we have computationally evolved random regulatory networks with a preference to result either in hysteresis (switching threshold depending on current state), or in multistationarity (having multiple steady states), two commonly observed dynamical features of GRNs related to differentiation processes. We have analyzed the resulting evolved networks and compared their structures and characteristics with real GRNs reported from experiments. Conclusion: We found that the artificially evolved networks have particular topologies and it was notable that these topologies share important features and similarities with the real GRNs, particularly in contrasting properties of positive and negative feedback loops. We conclude that the structures of real GRNs are consistent with selection to favor one or other of the dynamical features of multistationarity or hysteresis. Contact: ckh@kaist.ac.kr Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ROLE OF FREQUENT RADIOGRAPHS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FOREARM FRACTURES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To determine the need for routine serial radiographs in the management of forearm fractures in children. Material and Methods: A binational study was conducted in 202 consecutive children with closed forearm fractures. In the 91 patients with stable fractures that did not require reduction, clinical and radiographic examination was performed one week after the start of treatment and again on cast removal 4–6 weeks later. In the remaining 111 patients who underwent closed reduction, an additional X-ray was taken two weeks after cast placement. Outcome was defined as the occurrence of redisplacement. Results: Redisplacement occurred during the first 2 weeks of cast management in 9 of the children who required reduction and in none of the children who did not. Conclusion: Radiographs should be performed one week after cast placement for greenstick or complete fractures that do not require reduction, and repeated at 2 weeks from start of treatment for fractures that require reduction. They need not be performed on cast removal, if clinical examination does not show signs of nonunion or malalignment. The adoption of these recommendations will lead to more cost-effective management and will spare children unnecessary radiographic exposure.
A Geocritical Study Of Sam Shepard’s Fool For Love

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper highlights the physical setting in Sam Shepard's Fool For Love according to the theoretical framework of Geocriticism. It examines its fictional and real spaces and the relationship between the physical space that exists in nature and the mental space in the minds of the characters. This study argues that the spatial perspective is so dominant in the postmodern society that its individuals suffer from loneliness, anxiety, fragmentation, detachment, and displacement. This postmodern geocritical method of analysis is applied to Shepard's Fool For Love as a play that discusses many elements relevant to the main precepts of geocriticism like transgression, place, space, social boundaries, movement, and settlement. These elements show how characters are moving throughout the play and how Shepard uses them to structure his play. This study argues that the role of space and place in the analysis of literary texts is as important as other critical categories such as gender, sex, and psychoanalysis. It shows how the critical studies ignore space and place and their role as parts of the setting of the play and as important elements in the development of actions..
Nursery production and the importance of forest reproductive material in Croatia.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sume i sumska zemljista zauzimaju oko 43 % ukupne povrsine Hrvatske. Zbog znacajnog sumskog bogatstva gospodarenje sumama ima posebnu ulogu. Sumsko sjemenarstvo i rasadnicarstvo važna su sastavnica gospodarenja sumama koje obuhvaca jednostavnu i prosirenu biolosku reprodukciju. Niz razlicitih negativnih pojava, kao sto su susenje suma, stete i nestanak suma nakon požara, napadi raznih stetnika, jaki vjetrovi, te u najnovije vrijeme promijenjene klimatske prilike, utjecale su na potrebu unapređenja sumskog sjemenarstva s ciljem poboljsanja rasadnicke proizvodnje i osnivanja kultura i plantaža. Klonske sjemenske plantaže najvažnijih autohtonih vrsta sumskog drveca, njih 18, kao i 140-tak registriranih priznatih sjemenskih sastojina dobra su podloga za kontinuiranu i kvalitetnu proizvodnju sumskog sjemena. U Republici Hrvatskoj registrirano je 47 rasadnika za proizvodnju sumskog reprodukcijskog materijala listaca i cetinjaca. U ovom radu prikazani su svi rasadnici prema vlasnickoj strukturi, teritorijalnom smjestaju, ukupnoj povrsini, proizvodnom programu, vrstama drveca i nacinu proizvodnje sumskog reprodukcijskog materijala. Proizvodi se oko 20 vrsta cetinjaca (sjeme se skuplja na 1350ha priznatih ili izabranih sjemenskih sastojina) te oko 18 vrsta listopadnog drveca (sjeme se skuplja na 16309ha priznatih ili izabranih sastojina). Kolicina i kvaliteta proizvedenog sumskog reprodukcijskog materijala varira od godine do godine, a prikazana je za posljednjih 15-tak godina. Najzastupljenije su sljedece vrste listaca: hrast lužnjak, hrast kitnjak i poljski jasen. Od cetinjaca najzastupljenija je obicna smreka. Analiziran je trend proizvodnje za isto razdoblje. Prikazani su i najcesci uzrocnici steta u rasadnickoj proizvodnji (gljive, kukci, glodavci, ptice, puževi, korovi) kao i utjecaj abiotskih cimbenika. Svi analizirani parametri ukazuju na veliku važnost rasadnicke proizvodnje, a daljnjom modernizacijom proizvodnog procesa osigurava se kvalitetnija proizvodnja sumskog reprodukcijskog materijala u rasadnicima.
[The diagnosis of a group of Streptococci. 1 - Comparative study of various techniques for the extraction of the polyoside antigen from Streptococci].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The present importance of streptococcal pathology implicates the identification of the streptococcal groups. The authors have carried out a comparative study of the various methods of extraction of the group specific antigen. They demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of each method and consider the pronase extraction method to be the simplest, the most rapid and the most specific.
Expression of Six Peptidases from Lactobacillus helveticus in Lactococcus lactis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT For development of novel starter strains with improved proteolytic properties, the ability of Lactococcus lactis to produce Lactobacillus helveticus aminopeptidase N (PepN), aminopeptidase C (PepC), X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (PepX), proline iminopeptidase (PepI), prolinase (PepR), and dipeptidase (PepD) was studied by introducing the genes encoding these enzymes into L. lactis MG1363 and its derivatives. According to Northern analyses and enzyme activity measurements, the L. helveticus aminopeptidase genes pepN, pepC , and pepX are expressed under the control of their own promoters in L. lactis . The highest expression level, using a low-copy-number vector, was obtained with the L. helveticus pepN gene, which resulted in a 25-fold increase in PepN activity compared to that of wild-type L. lactis . The L. helveticus pepI gene, residing as a third gene in an operon in its host, was expressed in L. lactis under the control of the L. helveticus pepX promoter. The genetic background of the L. lactis derivatives tested did not affect the expression level of any of the L. helveticus peptidases studied. However, the growth medium used affected both the recombinant peptidase profiles in transformant strains and the resident peptidase activities. The levels of expression of the L. helveticus pepD and pepR clones under the control of their own promoters were below the detection limit in L. lactis . However, substantial amounts of recombinant pepD and PepR activities were obtained in L. lactis when pepD and pepR were expressed under the control of the inducible lactococcal nisA promoter at an optimized nisin concentration.
[Possibilities for optimizing radiotherapy of cancers of the ENT area by measuring oncoradiogenic enzyme peaks of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Blood samples were taken from 39 patients with head and neck carcinomas after the initial irradiation, and the activity of the glycolytic enzyme glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) was measured. All patients showed GPI peaks at reproducible times. The height of the enzyme peak occurring 15.5-19.5 h after irradiation, was significantly correlated with tumour size and histological tumour differentiation. A late enzyme peak was associated with regional lymph node metastases. Possible sources of the enzyme peaks are discussed from a radiobiological point of view, and the value of such enzyme peaks for the optimization of radiation therapy is pointed out.
Reservoir units of Mishrif Formation in Majnoon Oil field, Southern Iraq

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The reservoir units of Mishrif Formation in Majnoon oil field were studied by using available wireline logs (gamma ray, porosity and resistivity) and facies that derived from core and cutting samples for three wells including Mj-1, Mj-15, and Mj-20. The reservoir properties were determined and interpreted by using IP software. The results showed that unit D have the best reservoir properties due to high effective porosity, low water saturation and very low volume of shale. Furthermore, a large part of this unit was deposited in shoal environment. The other reservoir units are then graded in reservoir properties including units B, A, F & E respectively, except unit C, which is considered as a cap unit, because it consists of restricted marine facies so that; it has high volume of shale and water saturation and very low effective porosity.
Wounded by Memory: Art, Glory, and the Fantasy of Revanche

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this thesis, I examine the imbrication of memory, masculinity, and glory in the cultural politics of revanche. I argue that revanche functioned not only as a desire to restore the annexed provinces of Alsace and Lorraine to France, but also as a cultural fantasy that reproduced and masked the antagonism between a glorious French past and resounding defeat in 1871, variously described as a wound or mutilation. The visual, I maintain, played a constitutive role in the construction of fantasy, as it bandaged as well as effaced the wound of defeat to reassert French glory. In paintings, posters, processions, films, and monuments, representations of dying soldiers and the war dead reveal how the fantasy of revanche changed between its emergence in 1871 and its abatement in post-World War I France. Across these media, invocations of the dead transitioned from calls to remember, to act, and finally, to forget.
Ferals, strays, pets: how to control the cats that are eating our wildlife

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Feral domestic cats are a global threat to biodiversity and were recently named as the biggest threat to endangered Australian mammals.

But what about your pet cat, or the local stray? While any kind of domestic cat can kill wildlife, there’s no “one size fits all” way to manage their impact.

Before we figure out how best to manage cats, we first need to distinguish between the different categories.
Utility of needle aspiration of tumours.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Association on Mental Deficiency (AAMD).The concept of mild retardation is quantitative and embraces, using conventional standards, some 2 20, of the population in addition to the 0 4%' who are even less gifted.Not all of this considerable population is in receipt of special services, even at school age; but prospects for training for skilled employment and independent social adaptation tend to be limited.Fortunately, the AAMD has omitted from the revised classification of mental handicap' the term "borderline mental retardation," but this is still in common use and embraces much of the "dull normal" stream.It seems contrary to the general sense of the leading article thus arbitrarily to exclude any causal role in mental retardation to mal- nutrition when this can admittedly cause some deficiency in the developing brain.It would seem more reasonable in the present state of science to keep an open mind on this question and to view it as one of the many possible modes of operation of the impact of adverse social and economic factors among under- privileged groups and disadvantaged classes.
Quality and Correlation Analysis of the Main Apple Cultivars in Shaanxi Province

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The basic quality indexes of 'Fuji','Gala','Qinguan','Yuhuazaofu' apple from six different habitats of Shaanxi province were determined and correlation analysis of quality indexes were performed.The results showed that quality differences between four cultivars from six different habitats were obvious.Correlation analysis of quality indexes revealed that,the significant correlation was found between fruit index and single fruit weight,the rind yellowness and the rind brightness,titratable acid content and the rind redness,soluble solid content and single fruit weight,soluble solid content and fruit index,the rind redness and the rind brightness,the rind yellowness and the rind redness,solid acid ratio and the rind redness,solid acid ratio and titratable acid content,and the correlation coefficient were up to 0.785,0.582,0.507,-0.487,-0.552,-0.703,-0.728,-0.576 and-0.895.It suggested that the main quality indexes of the main apple cultivars from different habitats of Shaanxi had significant difference.
Assessment of inter-characters associations in the genotypes of finget millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present investigation was conducted during Kharif, 2017-18 at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University with 30 different genotypes of finger millet. Observations were recorded for growth, yield and seed quality parameters accordingly, phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients of all the characters were worked-out as per Al-Jibouri et al. (1958). Biological yield per plant, number of fingers per ear, number of leaves on main tiller and 1000 seed weight, grain yield per plant. The data was utilized for estimation of correlation coefficients. Grain yield per plant had significant and positive correlations both at genotypic and phenotypic levels with number of productive tillers per plant (rg=0.818, rp=0.744), grain weight per main ear (rg=0.814, rp=0.824), biological yield per plant (rg=0.821, rp=0.817), harvest index (rg=0.731, rp=0.468) and chlorophyll content (rg=0.344, rp=0.294). These traits could be considered for grain yield selection. Path coefficient analysis revealed that grain weight per main ear (0.487) had the highest direct positive effect towards the grain yield followed by number of productive tillers per plant (0.383), biological yield per plant (0.226), panicle length (0.196), harvest index (0.193), plant height (0.063), SLW (0.062). The characters identified above merit due consideration in formulating effective selection strategy in finger millet for developing high yielding varieties.
Detection of Tomato bushy stunt virus in tomato felids by biology and serology assay, and transmit it by soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted out to detected the tomato bushy stunt virus in tomato felids at Ninawa Province included Salamia & Sad Badysh locations. The virus was isolated from infected tomato plants, and identified by mean symptoms on indicator plants, and DAS-ELISA test. Ch. amaranticolor was responded to inoculation by virus necrotic local lesion, D. stramonium by small chlorotic local lesions on inoculated leaves, developed later to mosaic. C. annuum by chlorotic local lesions. P. hybrid by systemic mosaic. Tobacco plants N. glutinosa , N. tabacum, N. rustica were responded to necrotic local lesion. On the other hand N. clevelandii showed a systemic mosaic with the necrosis on the top of new leaves. It was observed that the movement of TBSV from TBSV amended soil in healthy tomato seedling cultivar Jessie fast on in plants sown directly into TBSV-contaminated soil, the virus was detected by DAS-ELISA at 32 days after sowing. In seedlings, previously soon in autoclaved soil and later transplanted in TBSV-contaminated soil, TBSV was first detected at 51 days after sown. At the final harvest (110 d.a.s.) 54% of plant sown directly into TBSV-contaminated soil were found to be infected with TBSV as compared with 30% of those transplanted
L‐histidine‐assisted ultrasound improved microstructure and gelation properties of reduced‐salt surimi (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) gel

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary In this study, the effect of several additives, including CaCl 2 , L‐histidine (L‐His) and sodium pyrophosphate, incorporation with ultrasound treatment on the gel properties of reduced‐salt surimi, was tested. Among these additives and ultrasound treatment times, 0.1% L‐His and 10‐min ultrasound alone were determined to be more effective in increasing the gel strength, water‐holding capacity (WHC) and reducing cooking loss (CL) of reduced‐salt (1% NaCl) surimi gel. L‐His and ultrasound alone or in combination could facilitate the transition of α‐helix to β‐sheet and random coil, thereby increasing hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds in the gel. The results of low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the proportion of immobilised water (PT 22 ) in reduced‐salt surimi gel was significantly increased ( P < 0.05). The storage modulus (G′) of reduced‐salt surimi gel was also increased. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy results showed that the gels treated with L‐His and ultrasound alone or in combination had a more compact network structure. Notably, the synergy of L‐His combined ultrasound treatment was the most effective in enhancing the characteristics of reduced‐salt surimi gel.
survey of gross pathologic conditions of cattle presented for slaughter in the southeastern United States

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

According to the United States Department of Agriculture, cattle slaughtered in 2017 totaled 32.2 million animals and approximately 6.4 million animals were adult cull cattle (USDA 2016; USDA-NASS 2016). This harvest accounts for an estimated 5.4 billion pounds of beef or 20.7% of the 2017, US beef production. In the Southeastern US, the production of beef from cull cattle included 583,300 animals or approximately 90% of the total animals harvested in the region. Establishing the prevalence of diseases within this population is necessary for improving the quality and profitability of this sector of the industry. The objectives of this study were; 1) determine the prevalence of gross pathologic conditions, 2) characterize the type and frequency of conditions eliciting carcass condemnation, and 3) evaluate the extent of carcass bruising in cull cattle presented to slaughter and originating from farms in the southeastern United States.
Automatic Design Structure Matrices: A Comparison of Two Formula Student Projects

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Design Structure Matrices have become a fundamental tool to support engineers in their handling and management of interactions across product & organisational architectures. Recent work in the field has exploited the opportunity afforded by Product Lifecycle Management systems, which capture the digital footprint of engineering projects to generate Design Structure Matrices in real-time through the co-occurrence of edits to product models. Given the systematic and more objective nature of the generation of these DSMs as well as being able to monitor their evolution throughout engineering projects, there now lies an opportunity in comparing projects/products using DSMs. To investigate this and the potential insights that could be generated, this paper presents the automatic generation of DSMs for two Formula Student projects. These have then been compared with respect to the end-of-project, change propagation characteristics and evolution of the DSMs. From this analysis, six insights have been generated that map the characteristics of the DSMs to the performance of the project/product and highlights the potential of automatic DSMs to further support engineering project management.
Influence of the myelin sheath on excitation properties of nerve fibers

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The excitation and conduction properties of computer-based cable models of mammalian motor nerve fibers incorporating three different myelin representations were compared. The three myelin representations were a perfectly insulating single cable (model A), a finite impedance single cable (model B), and a finite impedance double cable (model C). Extracellular stimulation of the three models was used to study strength-duration, current-distance (I-X), conduction velocity (CV) properties. All three models had a chronaxie time (Tch) that was within the experimental range. Models B and C had increased threshold current as compared to model A, but each model had a slope to the I-X relationship that matched experimental results. Model B had a CV that matched experimental data while the CV of models A and C were above and below the experimental range, respectively. These results indicate that the presence of a finite impedance myelin sheath does influence the excitation properties of nerve fiber models and must be considered when using models for design of neural stimulation paradigms.