jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Patients with Nocturnal Heartburn and Acid Regurgitation Report More Frequent Nighttime and Daytime Atypical GERD Symptoms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To assess symptoms considered to be atypical for GERD (AG-Sx) among individuals with nighttime GERD (NTG) and daytime GERD (DTG). Methods: A web survey among US adults was conducted, which included the GERD Symptom & Medication Questionnaire (GERD-SMQ), a validated GERD screener. Frequency and severity of nighttime and daytime classic symptoms (acid regurgitation and heartburn) and AG-Sx during the previous 3 months were assessed. Nighttime GERD (NTG) was defined as: (a) ≥2 nights/week with classic GERD symptoms, or (b) <2 nights/week with classic GERD symptoms but no daytime symptoms; daytime GERD (DTG) cases were GERD cases not satisfying NTG criteria. The prevalence of frequent AG-Sx (≥2 days or nights/wk) was assessed. Results: 2805 of 18213 invited to participate responded. Of eligible respondents (n = 2603, mean age = 46 years, 55% women), 668 were GERD cases with current symptoms; 303 met NTG criteria and 365 met DTG criteria. Compared with DTG cases, more NTG cases reported at least one nighttime AG-Sx (84% vs 68%, p < 0.05). More NTG cases reported each nighttime AG-Sx (p < 0.05 for all except snoring) compared with DTG cases (see table). A greater proportion of NTG cases also reported at least one daytime AG-Sx (75% vs 60%, p < 0.05). NTG cases reported more daytime AG-Sx (p < 0.05 for all except sinusitis) compared with DTG cases (data not shown).Table: Prevalence of Frequent Nighttime AG-Sx by NTG vs DTG.Conclusions: Patients with frequent nocturnal classic GERD symptoms have more frequent nighttime and daytime AG-Sx which may contribute to the overall burden of illness in GERD.
The Drilling Method Application Using Abacus to Arithmetic Operations Skills in Student with Hearing Impairment at Special School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the drilling method application using abacus in improving arithmetic subtraction operations skills in deaf children. This study used an experimental method with Single Subject Research (SSR), A-B-A design. The drilling method was used in the learning process. In addition, the abacus media was also used in the subtraction arithmetic operation material in learning mathematics. The results showed that there was an effect of applying the drilling method using abacus in improving the arithmetic subtraction operation skills in deaf children with the initials SS. This could be seen from the increase in the mean level of student’s abilities starting from baseline-1 (A1) by 30%, intervention (B) by 65%, and baseline-2 (A2) by 86.66%. The methods and media were suitable to make the lesson easier to understand for students. The drilling method with the abacus media could be used as an alternative for teachers in improving the skills of arithmetic subtraction operations in deaf children. The results of this study are expected to contribute to developing special education related to the application of the drilling method using abacus media to improve arithmetic operations skills in learning next math.
Effects on ester synthesis in toluene by immobilized chymotrypsin by addition of polymers to reaction medium

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

α-Chymotrypsin was deposited on Celite and used in toluene for the esterification of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine (Ac-Phe) with ethanol. The effects of two polymers, ethyl cellulose (EC) and polystyrene (PS), were studied. PS caused an increase in initial reaction rate and EC decreased substrate inhibition considerably and, therefore, caused the highest reaction rates with Ac-Phe concentrations above 5 mM. In order to obtain high yields in the reaction in pure toluene it was necessary to adjust the water content within a narrow range but in the presence of EC high yields were achieved in a wide range of water contents [0.2-2.0% (v/v)]. This effect is probably due to binding of water to EC, which can be especially useful in water forming reactions like the esterification studied. In conclusion, the addition of polymers can increase the reaction rate and yield of enzymatic reactions in organic media as well as decreasing the sensitivity of the processes toward variations in water content.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Buah Delima Terstandar 40% Ellagic Acid terhadap Profil Darah Tikus Putih Yang Mengalami Nefrotoksisitas akibat Induksi Gentamisin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pomegranate extract of 40% ellagic acid on blood profile of albino rats that had nephrotoxicity after included with Gentamicin. a total of 32 white rats were divided into four treatment groups, each consisting of eight rats. the four treatment groups were healthy rats (P0), Gentamicin induced rats (P1), Gentamicin induced rats and ellagic acid treatment (P2) and Gentamicin induced rats and standardized Pomegranate extract therapy 40% ellagic acid treatment (P3). After seven days of treatment, blood was taken for blood profile tests. The results showed that in the Gentamicin-induced group (P0), a decrease in blood profile allegedly caused by Gentamicin that could cause damage and impaired renal tubular function. Givibg ellagic acid and pomegranate extracts of 40% ellagic acid proved to improve the blood profile of Gentamicin induced rats. This is due to inhibition of renal damage and improved renal function due to antioxidant activity possessed by ellagic acid and pomegranate extract of standardized 40% ellagic acid.
Effects of insecurity on inflation in Burkina Faso

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract The price increase has been exacerbated in Burkina Faso compared to other member countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union. According to the existing literature, plausible explanations for this galloping inflation include the recent health crisis and the economic policy measures taken. However, inflation persists, although the health crisis has subsided. This paper highlights persistent insecurity's effects on inflation in Burkina Faso. ARDL modeling on monthly data from January 2019 to April 2022 was used. The analysis results show that the influx of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and deteriorating agro-climatic conditions drive inflation in Burkina Faso in the short and long term. The marginal effects of IDPs on inflation are about 0.09640, 0.08917, 0.1043, and 0.07827 percent after three, two, one month, and at the current time, respectively. It is recommended that short-term actions support IDPs, such as food allocations and long-term actions. Actions to improve agro-climatic conditions, such as irrigation techniques, should be supported. Indeed, any anti-inflationary policy should take into account non-monetary and monetary factors. JEL Classification : E31 • J15 • J61 • Q15
Acetyl Coenzyme A and Acetylcarnitine Concentration and Turnover Rates in Muscle and Liver of the Ketotic Rat and Guinea Pig

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Fasting ketosis caused no change in liver acetylcarnitine concentration but caused a decrease in muscle acetylcarnitine to one-half the control level. The combined acetyl coenzyme A and acetylcarnitine turnover rates for control and ketotic liver were, respectively, 4.66 and 10.90 mµmoles per g (fresh weight) per min; for normal and ketotic muscle the corresponding figures were 8.23 and 4.52 mµmoles per g (fresh weight) per min. With respiratory activity unchanged in ketotic liver, any increase in acetyl-CoA or acetylcarnitine turnover rate must reflect an increased rate of acetoacetate synthesis. By contrast, ketotic muscle was characterized by a decreased acetyl-CoA or acetylcarnitine turnover rate, a decreased acetylcarnitine pool size, a shift to a more oxidized state as indicated by measured ratios of lactate to pyruvate, and an increased specific activity of acetyl-CoA and acetylcarnitine. These results explain a previously reported observation that fasted ketotic guinea pigs that have received injections of acetate-1-14C expire less Co2 but more 14CO2 than their appropriate controls.
Reality shock in radiography: fact or fiction? Findings from a phenomenological study in Durban, South Africa

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Globally, the phenomenon of reality shock is a major contributor to the attrition of healthcare professionals. Reality shock negatively impacts on initial workplace transition, productivity, and ultimately, employee retention, hence it is important to ascertain its causative factors so that measures can be taken to mitigate its effects. Relative to other health professions, the field of radiography has been slow in detailing the occurrence of reality shock, and attrition is a major problem affecting the profession. In South Africa, a dearth of data exists pertaining to the potential presence of reality shock amongst newly-graduated radiographers as they transition to the workplace. Methods A phenomenological approach was used. Seven newly-graduated radiographers provided their perceptions of their initial workplace experiences. In-depth, one-on-one, face to face interviews were conducted, audio recorded, and transcribed verbatim before interpretive phenomenological analysis was conducted on the obtained data. Findings Three main themes emerged relating to increased responsibility, being undermined, and feeling overwhelmed. Respondents felt pressurized by their increased responsibilities when they commenced employment. They also felt undermined by their more experienced colleagues, and they were overwhelmed by the new work routine, which resulted in reality shock. Conclusions Curricula at institutions of higher education need to include courses which educate student radiographers on what to expect within the workplace as autonomous practitioners. Heads of imaging departments must create structured induction programs for new employees for adequate orientation and mentoring to reduce reality shock.
Evaluation of the QT Interval in Patients with Drug-induced QT Prolongation and Torsades de Pointes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Data on the optimal location of the ECG leads for the diagnosis of drug-induced long QT syndrome (diLQTS) with Torsades de Pointes (TdP) are lacking. Methods We systematically reviewed the literature for ECGs of patients with diLQTS and subsequent TdP. We assessed T-wave morphology in each lead and measured the longest QT interval in the limb and chest leads in a standardized fashion. Results Of 84 patients, 61.9% were female and mean age was 58.8 years. QTc was significantly longer in chest versus limb leads (mean (standard deviation) 671 (102) vs 655 (97) ms, p=0.02). Using only limb leads for QT interpretation, 18 (21.4%) ECGs were non-interpretable: 10 (11.9%) due to too flat T-waves, 7 (8.3%) due to frequent, early PVCs and 1 (1.2%) due to too low ECG recording quality. In the chest leads, ECGs were non-interpretable in 9 (10.7%) patients: 6 (7.1%) due to frequent, early PVCs, 1 (1.2%) due to insufficient ECG quality, 2 (2.4%) due to missing chest leads but none due to too flat T-waves. The most common T-wave morphologies in the limb leads were flat (51.0%), broad (14.3%) and late peaking (12.6%) T-waves. Corresponding chest lead morphologies were inverted (35.5%), flat (19.6%) and biphasic (15.2%) T-waves. Conclusions Our results indicate that QT evaluation by limb leads only underestimates the incidence of diLQTS experiencing TdP and favors the screening using both limb and chest lead ECG.
Analysis of the proliferative activity of background lymphoid cells in Hodgkin's disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM To find out the nature of lymphoid cells in the tissue of Hodgkin's disease, based on estimating proliferative activity. METHODS By using an antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), proliferative activity of background lymphoid cells of 10 cases of Hodgkin disease including 7 cases of mixed cellularity type, 3 cases of nodular sclerosing type were estimated and 10 cases of lymphadenitis used as control group. RESULTS The mean growth fraction of background lymphoid cells was significantly higher than that of reactive group. CONCLUSION The lymphoid cells in the tissue of Hodgkin's disease might probably not be reactive.
A Mixture Distribution of Spatial Attention

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although it may seem paradoxical, the unified-focus and multiple-foci theories of spatial selective attention are both well supported by experimental evidence. However, the apparent contradiction is illusory and the two competing views may be reconciled by a closer examination of the spatial mechanisms involved. We propose that the deployment of attention may be modeled as a mixture of individual distributions of attention and we tested this hypothesis in two experiments. Participants had to identify targets among distractors, with the targets presented at various distances from the cued locations. Experiment 1 confirmed that the distribution of attention may be described by a mixture of individual distributions, each centered at a cued location. Experiment 2 showed that cue separation is an important determinant of whether spatial attention is divided or not.
Analysis of non-iterative phase retrieval based on machine learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, we analyze a machine-learning-based non-iterative phase retrieval method. Phase retrieval and its applications have been attractive research topics in optics and photonics, for example, in biomedical imaging, astronomical imaging, and so on. Most conventional phase retrieval methods have used iterative processes to recover phase information; however, the calculation speed and convergence with these methods are serious issues in real-time monitoring applications. Machine-learning-based methods are promising for addressing these issues. Here, we numerically compare conventional methods and a machine-learning-based method in which a convolutional neural network is employed. Simulations with several conditions show that the machine-learning-based method realizes fast and robust phase recovery compared with the conventional methods. We also numerically demonstrate machine-learning-based phase retrieval from noisy measurements with a noisy training data set for improving the noise robustness. The machine-learning-based approach used in this study may increase the impact of phase retrieval, which is useful in various fields, where phase retrieval has been used as a fundamental tool.
Survivability ofAporrectodea caliginosain Response to Drought Stress in a Colorado Soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The distribution of earthworms is limited in many areas in the semiarid western United States by the availability of water and low soil organic matter; however, earthworms have been shown to adapt to periods of low soil moisture by making small chambers and entering estivation to protect themselves from declining soil moisture. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of varying lengths of drought stress on the survival of earthworms in a low organic matter soil from eastern Colorado that was amended with biosolids to increase organic matter. The earthworms were exposed to constant water content or cycles of 1-, 2-, or 3-wk drought stress periods, which resulted in average soil water matric potentials of −0.061, −0.085, −0.13, and −0.19 MPa, respectively. Replicate pots were destructively sampled at 21, 42, and 63 d. At sampling, the earthworms were classified as either active, in estivation, or dead. Drought did not affect earthworm mass, but drought lasting 2 or 3 wk increased the number of A. caliginosa in estivation. Three weeks of drought resulted in a mortality rate of 14%, with all other drought treatments having negligible mortality rates. The average number of A. caliginosa in estivation decreased with time, from 1.71 at 21 and 42 d to 0.75 at 63 d. Based on these results, A. caliginosa has the potential to survive up to 3-wk drought periods and after introduction, can adapt to this Colorado soil with time, but field studies would need to confirm these results.
El sistema alimentario venezolano (SAV): evolución reciente, balance y perspectivas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The article analyses the recent evolution (1998-2014) of the Venezuelan agrifood system, presents a balance \nof its present situation and discusses about its perspectives. The effects of the world and national environment \non the VAS´s performance are also analysed together with the main macroeconomic and agrifood policies \nand the official statistics about agricultural and agrifood industry production, external agrifood trade and \nconsumption. The article concludes that between 1998 and 2014 per capita agrifood production decreased, \nthe country became more dependent on food imports and food consumption fell in the aftermath of the \nboom of the petroleum prices (2004-2008). Another conclusion is that the performance of the VAS and \nVenezuela national food security will not improve without a radical change in development strategy, \nmacroeconomic and sectoral policies.
Biodegradation of BTEX in a fungal biofilter: Influence of operational parameters, effect of shock-loads and substrate stratification

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The effect of relative humidity (RH: 30% to >95%) of a gas-phase mixture composed of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and para-, meta- and ortho-xylenes (BTEX), inlet concentrations (0.2–12.6 g m−3), and empty bed residence times (EBRTs) (48–144 s) was tested in a fungi-dominant biofilter. A maximum elimination capacity (ECmax) of 244.2 gBTEX m−3 h−1 was achieved at a total inlet loading rate (ILRT) of 371.2 gBTEX m−3 h−1 (RH: 65%). The transient-state response was tested by increasing the ILRT, in two steps, from ∼50 to 850 g m−3 h−1 and from ∼50 to 320 g m−3 h−1, at a constant EBRT of 41.7 s. Increasing the ILRT reduced the total BTEX removal efficiency (RET) from >97% to 35%, and from >90% to 60% during medium and high shock-load, respectively. When subjected to short (4 d) and long-term (7 d) shut-down periods, the biofilter was able to recover high ECmax of, respectively, 200 and 72 gBTEX m−3 h−1 after resuming operation.
Clinical Vocabulary and Clinical Finding Concepts in Medical Literature

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Clinical decision support systems necessitate a disease knowledge base, which comprises a set of clinical findings for each disease. To efficiently represent the findings, this paper explores the relationship between clinical vocabulary and findings in medical literature through quantitative and qualitative analysis of representative disease databases. Although the data volume and the analyzed features are limited, the observations suggested the following. First, there are sets of clinical findings that are essential for physicians, but the majority of findings in medical literature are not the essential ones. Second, deviation of term frequency for clinical findings vocabulary is minimal, and clinical findings require appropriate grammar for efficient representation of findings. Third, appropriate mapping of clinical findings with clinical vocabulary would allow the efficient expression of clinical findings. 1
Improving the reporting of immunoassay specificity.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Improving the reporting of immunoassay specificity. Get access J S Krouwer J S Krouwer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 32, Issue 10, 1 October 1986, Pages 1980–1981, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.10.1980b Published: 01 October 1986
Parental Mental Illness and the Likelihood of Child Out-of-Home Care: A Cohort Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

OBJECTIVES To detail the relationship between parental mental illness and the likelihood of out-of-home care (OHC) among their children, and to identify factors which modify this relationship. METHODS Using Swedish national registers, children born in 2000 to 2011 (n = 1 249 463) were linked to their parents. Time-dependent parental mental illness (nonaffective and affective psychosis, substance misuse, depression, anxiety and stress, eating disorders, personality disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, and intellectual disability), was identified through International Classification of Diseases codes. RESULTS After adjustment for socioeconomic factors, children living with mentally ill parents were 4 times as likely to be placed in OHC than children without (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.24–4.61). The highest hazard ratio (HR) was in the youngest children aged 0 to 1 year (5.77, 95% CI 5.42–6.14), exposed to maternal illness (HR 4.56, 95% CI 4.37–4.76), and parental intellectual disability (HR 4.73, 95% CI 4.09–5.46). Children with parental mental illness with multiple risk factors were at particularly high risk. Compared with children without parental mental illness, and those with university-educated parents, children whose parents had mental illness and only had education to age 16 had a 15 times higher risk of OHC (95% CI 13.75–16.54). CONCLUSIONS Children with parental mental illness are considerably more likely to be removed from home into care during childhood, particularly during the first year of life and if they are from socially disadvantaged families. Greater knowledge of these risks should lead to increased support for vulnerable new families.
Sediment and Nutrient Mobility in Terraced Paddy Fields Under Traditional Irrigation System

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sediment and nutrient mobility in terraced paddy fields under traditional irrigation system have been investigated in Keji Village, the Semarang District during the Wet Season 2003-2004. The aims were to evaluate the incoming and outgoing sediment and nutrient during rice growth cycle and to study the mobility of sediment and nutrient in the wet season. The treatments included Farmer Practices, Farmer Practices + Rice Straw, Improved Technology, and Improved Technology + Rice Straw. The discharge of irrigation water during puddling was the greatest varying between 2.55 ± 1.23 and 3.10 ± 0.55 l second-1, while during the vegetative phase was the lowest ranging from 0.33 ± 0.15 to 0.54 ± 0.15 l second-1. At the generative stage was about 1.38 ± 0.28 to 1.60 ± 0.06 l second-1. Furthermore, the discharge of suspended sediment during puddling varied between 0.89 ± 0.20 and 1.31 ± 0.34 l second-1, while atvegetative phase was the lowest ranging from 0.21 ± 0.07 to 0.78 ± 0.52 l second-1. At generative stage was about 1.13 ± 0.06 to 1.32 ± 0.09 l second-1. Only during the puddling that the incoming sediment was lower than outgoing sediment. The total amount of deposited sediment varied between 647 and 1,589 kg ha-1 season-1 from the total incoming sediment of 2,715 to 5,521 kg ha-1 season-1. In contrast, the incoming dissolved nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) was trapped in the paddy field areas, varying between 7.20 and 13.62 kg N; 0.13 and0.20 kg P; and from 7.25 to 13.42 kg K ha-1 season-1. There were no significantly different among treatments, both for sediment and nutrient deposited. These results demonstrate that terraced paddy field system is not only place for producing rice, but also providing an environmental services, like nutrient and sediment conserving.