jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A comparison of 7 commercial anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody immunoassays

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Serological testing in SARS-CoV-2 infection is gaining both patients’ and clinicians’ attention. Antibody assessment has potential multidirectional utility, hampered by the scarcity of clinical validation studies of the tests available on the market. Therefore, this study aimed to provide some evidence on the clinical utility of anti-SARS-CoV-2 commercial assays, based on the comparison of the results obtained with different methods. Material and methods The study included 52 samples from patients and healthy volunteers. The control samples (n = 20) were obtained during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The case cohort consisted of 32 consecutive patients referred to the Diagnostyka medical laboratory for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. For the purpose of this study, the MAGLUMI chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) was chosen as a comparative method. All samples were tested with this method, as well as with the Euroimmun enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and five different lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs). Results The results obtained in this study provide evidence for high overall concordance between the comparative CLIA method and both ELISA and different LFIAs. The agreement between CLIA and LFIAs was 92.3–98.0% for IgG and 90.0–96.1% for IgM, depending on the kit. The concordance between CLIA and ELISA was 92.3% for IgG and 75.0% for IgA (compared to the MAGLUMI CLIA IgM). Conclusions The results obtained in this study provide evidence for high overall concordance between the comparative CLIA method and different LFIAs. This could justify the use of LFIAs in some settings, where automated assays are not available, provided that some limitations are considered.
The Automated Spectrometric Oil Analysis Decision Taking Procedure as a Tool to Prevent Aircraft Engine Failures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of spectrometric oil analysis is: – To diagnose imminent wear inside engine assemblies so that possible failures can be avoided, – To forecast and evaluate acquired data statistics regarding the operation of engine assemblies under known climate and operational conditions. Apart from the above mentioned double aim of the lubricant analysis laboratory, its importance is established from the extent of these measurements from the Air Force, where they were initially implemented, to the Navy and the Army and customers with large fleets. The present work presents spectrometric oil analysis as a diagnostic maintenance tool, it refers to the evaluation methodology and criteria of spectrometric oil analysis that come from aeronautical equipment (as it applies to the Hellenic Air Force), it describes the operation of a database used for the derivation of automated decision taking codes according to specific criteria described in US NAVAIR technical manual and highlights the importance of this procedure to preventing failure in reciprocating piston and turbine aircraft engines. Selected data from the spectrometer are also presented to point out the importance of the methodology in failure prevention as it applies in reciprocating internal combustion engines, a helicopter gearbox and a turboprop engine.
Polyethylene Glycol, Determined by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, as a Marker of Fecal Output in Goats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We report the application of NIR spectroscopy to determine the fecal concentration of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, MW 6000) used as an external marker of fecal output in goats. Calibration was carried out, using the modified partial least-squares method (MPLS), combining all wavelengths in the 1100-2500 nm range, with high linearity (R2 = 0.99). In goats fed at maintenance level, the recovery of PEG in feces was complete, and the estimation of fecal output was accurate, when a moderate dose of PEG was given (20 g/d). A higher dose of PEG (40 g/d) was associated with underestimation of fecal output, probably because PEG interacted with water metabolism. Using PEG and its NIRS-aided analysis to determine fecal output is accurate, simple, and cheap. However, the feasibility of this new method must be verified in goats feeding on tannin-containing diets, and in goats at high feeding level.
A universal bridge functional for infinitely diluted solutions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We analyze the results obtained in a work by V.P. Sergievskii and A.I. Frolov. It is shown that their main results are not valid: the authors modeled a bridge function instead of a bridge functional. Their method of calculation was not valid; some results are not reliable because they do not consider finite-size corrections; and the exponential parameterization of the obtained bridge function is not precise enough to reconstruct its oscillating behavior.
Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) byproduct reduces tumor size and modulates inflammation in Ehrlich mice model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Açaí, Euterpe oleracea Mart. is rich in several phytochemical substances with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. The açaí seed is a waste product, being little used in the economy, being relevant to study the antitumor properties of this by-product. This study aims to analyze the effects of hydroalcoholic açaí seed extract in Ehrlich mice model in preventive and treatment schemes. The animals were treated with different concentrations of the extract (100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg) by gavage in preventive (30 days before tumor induction) and intervention (15 days after tumor induction) regimens. In in vivo experiments, the use of the extract at a dose of 1000 mg/kg in preventive regimens reduced tumor volume, decreased tumor weight, maintained the weight of treated animals and induced an immunomodulatory response, with an increase in TNF-α. The treatment also increased the area of tumor necrosis when compared to the control. Our results suggest the antitumor potential of açaí seed extract in in vivo models of breast cancer, contributing to obtain an active drug from a known natural product. In addition, the use of açaí seed residue will contribute to the local economy and sustainability.
Singapore: A Super Pragmatic Society

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Among the developing countries, Singapore was one of the earliest to register stunning economic growth. It has since kept up that pace without interruption and become an object of interest and admiration worldwide. Scholars, reporters, statesmen, tourists, and others, come to its shores in order to understand the nature of its policies and the way they have been implemented. Their subsequent questions concern how evenly its development has been spread in different segments of the population, and also in the different compartments of its life. Above all they ask about the price Singapore had to pay to achieve and maintain such a high rate of development. We shall examine these and other questions in the following pages. And within them we shall also look for its normative commitments and the way it has tried to balance them with its pragmatic strategies, and compromises, so as to strike a balance of its own.
Continuous Information Provisioning for the Conference Participation Process

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Conference organization and participation becomes subject of process optimization to increase the efficiency of knowledge transfer and the scientific exploitation of emerging communities of interest. Process optimization starts with a process model to analyse the planning aspects, the information flow, the coordination efficiency, and finally the efficiency of the knowledge transfer. Considering the information flow and the coordination efficiency as prerequisite for the knowledge transfer efficiency analysis we state that a mobile interface to the conference management information system would improve the coordination process during the conference and fosters the emergence of communities of interest. This paper presents an approach for a mobile conference planner application, integrated into a conference management system. The proposed functionality focuses on the improvement concerning orientation during a conference, material access, and managing social contacts working conference comprehensively. Furthermore, the post-processing of the attended contributions in the context of a conference shall be facilitated retrospectively.
Endoscopic ultrasound guided biliary drainage: a multicenter retrospective experience of a technique slowly gaining acceptance in Egypt

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and aim: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage is an alternative to failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Unfortunately, this procedure remains relatively less explored in Egypt due to its high cost, lack of adequate training, and the perception of increased risk. This study is the first multicenter Egyptian experience of an endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. Patients and methods: We retrospectively reviewed 15 patients (10 men and five women) with malignant biliary obstruction who from October 2013 to May 2019, following a failed or inaccessible endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, underwent an endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy, endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy, or endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous. Their mean age was 57.4 years and mean bilirubin was 18.2 mg/dL. The outcome parameters included technical and clinical success. Technical success was defined as the successful placement of a stent in the biliary system, while clinical success was defined as a greater than 50% decrease in the bilirubin levels 2 weeks after the procedure. Patients were monitored for complications during and after the procedure. Results: In total, 15 patients underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (eight underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy, five underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy, and two underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous). The technical and clinical success rates were 100% (15/15 patients) and 93.3% (14/15 patients), respectively. The complication rate was 26.6% (4/15 patients). All complications were mild and self-limited, and included fever, mild biliary peritonitis, pneumoperitoneum, and a slight migration of one plastic stent during insertion. Conclusion: Although slowly gaining acceptance in Egypt, endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage is an effective and safe procedure in patients with a malignant biliary obstruction after a failed or inaccessible endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Community Ecological Characteristics of Juniperus chinensis L. Forest in South Korea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

남한 자생 향나무의 산림식생 관리방안을 위해 ZM 식물사회학적 방법에 의해 군락단위 및 그 하위단위를 분류하고, 식생유형별 피도값을 이용하여 NMS와 지표종분석을 실시하였다. 향나무군락군은 총 2개 군락과 4개 군 및 6개의 소군으로의 분류체계를 가졌으며 총 7개의 식생단위로 분류되었다. NMS 분석결과 설명률이 높은 1축(13.8%) 및 2축(69%) 으로 나타내었으며, 종합설명력은 31%로 나타났으며, 내륙(동강)지역, 동해안지역과 울릉도지역이 명확하게 구분되어 나타났다. 식생단위별 지표종을 분석한 결과 89종이 유의성 있게 분석되었다. 식생단위별 종 다양도, 균재도, 종내경쟁 등을 분석한 결과 종다양도에서는 회양목군락 굴참나무군의 하위단위인 개박달나무소군이 1.17로 가장 높게 나타났고, 곰솔군락 쥐똥나무소군의 하위단위인 전형소군이 0.67로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 종간 경쟁지수에서는 분꽃나무군이 0.46으로 가장 작았고, 섬벚나무소군이 0.80으로 가장 높게 나왔으며, 전체적으로 0.7내외로 나타났다. Juniperus chinensis forest were classified into 1 community group, 2 communities, 4 groups, 6 subgroups, and 7 vegetation units by phytosociological analysis(the method of ZM schools) with 79 vegetation data in south korea. By NMS analysis it appeared at first axis (13.8%) and second axis (69%) and comprehensive explanatory power was 31%. It was shown clearly in Donggang region, the East sea region and the Ulleungdo region. In INSPAN(Indicator species Analysis) of vegetation unit, 89 species were analyzed significantly. According to result of species diversity, evenness, dominance value, interspecific-competition and other related analyses for vegetation unit, the species diversity of vegetation unit 4 showed the lowest value 0.667, while the value of vegetation unit 6 showed the highest value 1.174. The dominance value of vegetation unit 7 showed the lowest value 0.163 and most vegetation units are on about 0.7, while the value of vegetation unit 1 showed highly above 0.8.
An Experimental Characterization of Combined RowHammer and RowPress Read Disturbance in Modern DRAM Chips

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

DRAM read disturbance can break memory isolation, a fundamental property to ensure system robustness (i.e., reliability, security, safety). RowHammer and RowPress are two different DRAM read disturbance phenomena. RowHammer induces bitflips in physically adjacent victim DRAM rows by repeatedly opening and closing an aggressor DRAM row, while RowPress induces bitflips by keeping an aggressor DRAM row open for a long period of time. In this study, we characterize a DRAM access pattern that combines RowHammer and RowPress in 84 real DDR4 DRAM chips from all three major DRAM manufacturers. Our key results show that 1) this combined RowHammer and RowPress pattern takes significantly smaller amount of time (up to 46.1% faster) to induce the first bitflip compared to the state-of-the-art RowPress pattern, and 2) at the minimum aggressor row activation count to induce at least one bitflip, the bits that flip are different across RowHammer, RowPress, and the combined patterns. Based on our results, we provide a key hypothesis that the read disturbance effect caused by RowPress from one of the two aggressor rows in a double-sided pattern is much more significant than the other.
Peer Review #2 of "The development of Negative Self-Beliefs Inventory (NSBI): cultural adaptation and psychometric validation (v0.1)"

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Social anxiety is an emotional disorder common to various populations around the world.The newly developed Self-Beliefs Related to Social Anxiety Scale (SBSA) aims to assess three kinds of self-beliefs through 15 items that include self-related cognitive factors that evidently result in social anxiety.This study explored the psychometric characteristics of SBSA among 978 Chinese.An eight-item Negative Self-beliefs Inventory (NSBI) was developed through qualitative and quantitative analyses.Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis suggested that NSBI contained clear, meaningful, stable, and invariant three-factor structure consistent with the original SBSA.Further analyses showed that the three subscales and the entire scale exhibited high internal consistency (0.779-0.837), good criterion validity, and good convergent and divergent validity (i.e., negative associations with flourishing and positive associations with anxiety, depression, and stress).These findings indicated that NSBI is reliable and valid for measuring negative self-beliefs in the Chinese population.Higher total score of NSBI indicates the more serious negative self-beliefs.Limitations of the present study and implications for research and practice were also discussed.Further studies are needed to evaluate the predictive ability, incremental validity, and potential role of NSBI in clinical and large-scale populations.
A stereochemical controlled total synthesis of DL-ibogamine and DL-epiibogamine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA stereochemical controlled total synthesis of DL-ibogamine and DL-epiibogamineWataru Nagata, Shoichi Hirai, Tamotsu Okumura, and Kyozo KawataCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 6, 1650–1651Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01008a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01008a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views534Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel neurohemal system in the head of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ruminant husbandry constitutes the most important source of anthropogenic methane (CH4). In addition to enteric (animal-derived) CH4, excreta are another source of CH4, especially when stored anaerobically. Increasing the proportion of dietary concentrate is often considered as the primary CH4 mitigation option. However, it is unclear whether this is still valid when diets to be compared are energy-balanced. In addition, non-structural carbohydrates and side effects on nitrogen (N) emissions may be important. In this experiment, diet types representing either forage-only or mixed diets were examined for their effects on CH4 and N emissions from animals and their slurries in 18 lactating cows. Apart from a hay-only diet, treatments included two mixed diets consisting of maize stover, pelleted whole maize plants and gluten or barley straw and grain and soy bean meal. The diets were balanced in crude protein and net energy for lactation. After adaptation, data and samples were collected for 8 days including a 2-day CH4 measurement in respiratory chambers. Faeces and urine, combined proportionately according to excretion, were used to determine slurry-derived CH4 and N emissions. Slurry was stored for 15 weeks at either 14°C or 27°C, and temperatures were classified as 'cool' and 'warm', respectively. The low-starch hay-only diet had high organic matter and fibre digestibility and proved to be equally effective on the cows' performance as mixed diets. The enteric CH4 formation remained unaffected by the diet except when related to digested fibre. In this case emission was lowest with the hay-only diet (61 v. 88 to 101 g CH4/kg digested NDF). Feeding the hay diet resulted in the highest slurry-CH4 production after 7 weeks of storage at 14°C and 27°C, and after 15 weeks at 14°C. CH4 emissions were, in general, about 10-fold higher at 27°C compared with 14°C but only after 15 weeks of storage. Urinary N losses were highest with the barley diet and lowest with the maize diet. There was a trend towards similar differences in N losses from the slurry of these cows (significant at 14°C). However, contrary to CH4, slurry-N emissions seemed to be temperature-independent. In conclusion, energetically balanced diets proved to be widely equivalent in their emission potential when combining animal and their slurry, this even at a clearly differing forage : concentrate ratio. The variation in CH4 emission from slurry stored shortly or at cold temperature for 15 weeks was of low importance as such conditions did not support methanogenesis in slurry anyway.
Optoelectronic neural system for processing the output data from a fiber-optic measuring network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The results of an investigation of an optoelectronic neural system for processing the output data from a distributed fiber-optic tomographic-type measuring network are reported. The processing system is based on the operation principle of an optical perceptron in which the interneuron coupling matrix is implemented using a collection of amplitude holograms recorded on a disk-shaped holographic carrier. It is shown experimentally that this system makes it possible to reconstruct to within 20% the spatial distribution functions of the physical quantity under investigation.
Biological Reconstruction of Varus Deformity in Primary Total Knee Replacement Using Bone Graft and Description of a New Technique

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Peripheral bony defects of the tibia can be seen in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. These defects must be corrected at the time of total knee replacement to ensure correct placement and alignment of the components. We describe a new technique for correcting large tibial defect by using bone graft, where the uncontained defects were converted to contained defects using bone graft and the contained defect was impacted with cancellous bone. Between 2006 and 2010, 48 cases of primary total knee arthroplasty were reconstructed using autologous bone graft. Of 48 cases, five cases had large tibial defect and were treated with the new technique. Collapse was seen in one knee at 5 months postoperative. The rest of the patients showed improvement in total knee score and limb alignment. We now use this technique to treat large tibial defect during total knee replacement.
MINFLUX fluorescence nanoscopy in biological tissue

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Optical imaging access to nanometer-level protein distributions in intact tissue is a highly sought-after goal, as it would provide visualization in physiologically relevant contexts. Under the unfavorable signal-to-background conditions of increased absorption and scattering of the excitation and fluorescence light in the complex tissue sample, superresolution fluorescence microscopy methods are severely challenged in attaining precise localization of molecules. We reasoned that the typical use of a confocal detection pinhole in MINFLUX nanoscopy, suppressing background and providing optical sectioning, should facilitate the detection and resolution of single fluorophores even amid scattering and optically challenging tissue environments. Here, we investigated the performance of MINFLUX imaging for different synaptic targets and fluorescent labels in tissue sections of the mouse brain. Single fluorophores were localized with a precision of <5 nm at up to 80 µm sample depth. MINFLUX imaging in two color channels allowed to probe PSD95 localization relative to the spine head morphology, while also visualizing presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporter (VGlut) 1 clustering and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) clustering at the postsynapse. Our two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) two-color MINFLUX results in tissue, with <10 nm 3D fluorophore localization, open up broad avenues to investigate protein distributions on the single-synapse level in fixed and living brain slices.