jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
How we do it: The Dutch functional hearing–screening tests by telephone and internet

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Keypoints • The Dutch National Hearing Test is a reliable and very successful functional hearing–screening test by telephone. An internet version of the National Hearing Test was also implemented. • The National Hearing Test is a fully automatic adaptive speech‐in‐noise test that uses digit‐triplets as speech material. The result of the test is given as ‘good,’‘insufficient,’ or ‘poor.’ • The test by telephone performs better in reaching older subjects, who are more likely to suffer from hearing loss, than the test by internet. • More than 50% of the participants who scored ‘insufficient’ or ‘poor’ followed the recommendation to visit a GP, hearing‐aid dispenser, ENT specialist or Audiological Center. • The tests contribute to increase the identification and treatment of older hearing‐impaired subjects.
Wireworm Control, 1987

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Test plots were established near Burley, Idaho. The crop was a garden bean seed field. Soil type was Portneuf silt loam and irrigation was by gravity flow. Insecticides were applied in a 5-inch band about 1 inch under the expected seed-planting level. The soil was opened with a ‘Rus-Ken’ opener and the granules were laid in a band inside the opener shoe. Sinner weeders behind the opener covered the material with soil. The beans were then planted through the treated area. Four treatments and an untreated control were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Individual plots were 4 rows wide (22-inch row spacing) by 25 ft long. Plant stand, “bald heads,” and subsurface damage to plants were evaluated 45 d after planting. Ten row-ft from each of the center two plot rows was dug up and inspected for wireworms and wireworm feeding.
The Supplemental Poverty Measure A Joint Project between the Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics By

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper has been prepared for presentation to the Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Committee (FESAC) on June 8, 2012. It represents work in progress and does not represent any agency&apos;s final positions on issues addressed. All views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or
Prescribers or Multidisciplinarians? An Evaluation of Brief Education for General Practitioners on Chronic Pain Management

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose Active pain self-management (PSM) for patients with chronic pain is assumed to require multidisciplinary care, leaving prescribing analgesics the most accessible option for general practitioners (GPs). We sought to upskill GPs in multimodalPSM with a harm minimisation approach for any opioid prescribing. Design and Methodology Having developed an educational training resource, a multidisciplinary team delivered the program to attendees at a GP conference in 2017. The educational package comprised pre-readings, a 6-hour interactive, skills-based workshop, and post-workshop resources. The single-group intervention was evaluated with an original and unvalidated pre/post-test (three months) survey of four domains: knowledge; attitudes; utilisation of strategies involving PSM and opioid harm minimization. Paired t-tests were conducted on each domain score and overall, with effect sizes assessed with Cohen’s d. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the data lacking a post-test survey response. Post-survey scores were imputed via chained regression equations, then paired t-tests analyses were conducted on imputed datasets using Rubin's method to pool estimates. FindingsOf 99 participants, 33 returned both surveys for primary analysis. These were combined in the sensitivity analysis with 60 unpaired surveys. Internal consistency was modest (Cronbach’s alpha 0.736). Primary analysis demonstrated significant self-reported improvements in each educational domain with overall score increasing 10.54 points out of 130 (p<0.001 Cohen’s d 1.11). Improvements were similar in a sensitivity analysis. Discussion, Limitations and Conclusions This study found that a brief GP educational package may be a viable intervention for facilitating PSM and promoting safer prescribing strategies. Outcomes at three months, from this unvalidated survey instrument, suggest improvements in knowledge, attitudes and self-reported facilitation of PSM and opioid prescribing. As this study did not measure clinician behaviour or patient outcomes objectively, further educational research is indicated to confirm these findings and identify how best to deliver chronic pain management training.
Foreign direct investment and economic growth in Vietnam

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

By making use of a recently released panel dataset that covers 61 provinces of Vietnam from 1996–2005, this study examines the link between foreign direct investment and economic growth. Our analysis, which is based on a simultaneous equations model, reveals that in overall terms a mutually reinforcing two-way linkage between FDI and economic growth exists in Vietnam. However, this is not the case for each and every region of Vietnam. The results presented in this study suggest that the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Vietnam will be larger if more resources are invested in education and training, financial market development and in reducing the technology gap between the foreign and local firms.
Risk Factors for Myopia: Putting Causal Pathways into a Social Context

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Myopia is often described as resulting from a complex set of interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. Rare forms of strongly familial myopia account for myopia in around 1% of any population. "School myopia", the most common form in most modern societies, is also influenced by genetic factors, but changes in environmental risk factors appear to be responsible for the major increases in the prevalence of myopia in some parts of East and Southeast Asia. Two major environmental risk factors have been identified—intensive schooling and limited time outdoors, with educational pressures high and time outdoors particularly limited in the parts of East and Southeast Asia afflicted by an epidemic of school myopia. Several other "independent" risk factors for myopia have been reported. The effects of many of these may be mediated by modulation of the two major risk factors, and in future studies on risk factors, mediation analysis needs to be used systematically. In the case of school myopia, we argue that there are two major environmental risk factors, with a limited role for genetic variation and minimal interactions. We propose a method for comparing the impact of identified genetic risk factors with the cumulative effects of environmental exposures. This suggests that genetic risk factors associated with more myopic refractions generally lead to myopia only when combined with exposures to environmental risk factors. The predominant role played by increased educational pressures and limited time outdoors suggests strategies for controlling the current epidemic of myopia by directly reducing educational pressures, perhaps by limiting homework and rote learning in the early school years, combined with increases in time spent outdoors in schools. Identification of distal environmental factors, such as early onset of competition for selective academic streams and schools, and the use of after-school tutorial classes also suggest strategies for reducing the current epidemic through changes at the school system level. When combined with clinical techniques for controlling the progression of myopia, these measures have the potential to markedly reduce the current high prevalence rates of both myopia and sight-threatening pathological high myopia.
A family of modular area- and energy-efficient QRD-accelerator architectures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

QR-decomposition accelerators are attractive SoC components for many applications with a wide range of specifications. A new family of highly area- and energy-efficient, modular two-way linear-array QRD architectures based on the Givens algorithm and CORDIC rotations is proposed. The template architecture allows for implementations of real-/complex-valued and integer/floating-point QRDs. An accurate algebraic cost model enables cross-level optimization over architecture, micro-architecture and circuit level using a rich set of parameters. Quantitative results for exemplary applications are presented for implementations in 40-nm CMOS, proving the significant improvement of efficiency.
Life satisfaction and status among adolescent law offenders

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background Life satisfaction among young offenders may be affected by the subjective experience of their social status and by the feeling of being a ‘loser’ compared with others, but it is not clear what variables affect such experiences in this group. Aims To examine relationships of type of sentence (prison or probation) and of gender with subjective social status, sense of defeat and life satisfaction among young offenders. Methods One hundred and five participants were randomly selected from a cohort of young offenders, stratifying for sentence type and for gender. They were interviewed by trained and experienced interviewers. Results Young people in a correctional facility experienced lower life satisfaction and greater sense of defeat than those on probation. Independently of judicial measure, low life satisfaction was correlated with sense of defeat among young men but not young women, whereas among young women, but not young men, low life satisfaction was associated with low subjective status. Conclusions and implications Our findings of a correlation between sentence type and life satisfaction needs new, longitudinal research to determine the direction of this relationship. Whether low life satisfaction is predictive of a custodial disposal for young offenders or such a sentence lowers life satisfaction, those trying to supervise or help these young people may need to take account of it. Further, our findings suggest that young male and young female offenders should perhaps be treated in different ways to improve their sense of satisfaction with life, which may, in turn, reduce their risk of reoffending. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NS phosphoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus: subspecies separated by electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The NS protein of vesicular stomatitis virus is the only phosphorylated nucleocapsid protein. The amount of NS phosphorylation appears to regulate the activity of the protein in the transcription of the virus genome. Several methods have been used to separate NS subspecies containing different amounts of phosphate, but the relationships among the subspecies separated by different workers have been unclear. We report that the isoelectric points of NS molecules were abnormally acidic in some commercial ampholytes, but favorable ampholytes resolved multiple phosphorylated NS subspecies with isoelectric points ranging from pH 6.8 to 7.2. The most highly phosphorylated NS molecules had more acidic isoelectric points, and they exhibited greater electrophoretic mobilities in two previously employed electrophoretic systems.
Additional file 2: of Iron overload down-regulates the expression of the HIV-1 Rev cofactor eIF5A in infected T lymphocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Densitometric analysis of calnexin, calreticulin and histone H4 levels in the indicated conditions in respect to Silac Standard. Twenty micrograms of protein extracts from SILAC preparations were separated on 4–12% gradient gels by SDS-PAGE and electroblotted onto nitrocellulose membrane. The chemiluminescent blots were imaged with the ChemiDoc MP imager (Bio-Rad) and the band analysis tools of ImageLab software version 4.1 (Bio-Rad) were used to select and determine the background-subtracted density of the bands in all blots. Protein bands from calnexin, calreticulin and H4 immunoblots were normalized by actin expression. Obtained ratios were reported as histograms. (DOCX 5689 kb)
A Psychoanalysis of Being: An Approach to Donald Winnicott

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper offers a brief résumé of Winnicott's approach to psychoanalysis through a reading that emphasizes his interest in the capacity to be as a fundamental acquisition of human subjectivity. This interest continued throughout his life. The paper argues that it is closely related to his interest in analytic communication and the emphasis in his paper ‘Communicating and not‐communicating leading to a study of certain opposites’ of the importance clinically of the patient's right not to communicate and the analyst's acceptance of it. It refers briefly to the richness of the arena opened up by his idea of the incommunicado self and its implications for both theory and practice. Three clinical vignettes are included to demonstrate Winnicott's way of working.
Deep Learning-Based MR Imaging for Analysis of Relation between Cerebrospinal Fluid Variation and Communicating Hydrocephalus after Decompressive Craniectomy for Craniocerebral Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid variation and hydrocephalus through deep learning-based (DL-based) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in order to improve the postoperative recovery of craniocerebral injury (CI) patients and reduce the deterioration after decompressive craniectomy of the patient. 50 patients with CI who received the diagnosis and treatment at the hospital were chosen as the subjects. The retrospective analysis on patients with CI was conducted herein. First, the general clinical data of the patients were analyzed. Next, the MRI images for brain damage of the patients were collected. After that, the DL-based brain image classification and the artificial intelligence technology were utilized to solve the classification problems with classifiers. Finally, the DL-based convolutional neural network (CNN) was adopted to preprocess the image features, and the offline training and online reconstruction were conducted after the construction of the model. Four groups of databases were selected for deep learning and analyzed in terms of data feature analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and application of 3D scale-invariant feature transformation (SIFT) operators in image data analysis. The results manifested that, the WHGO descriptor and the area under the curve were the largest. SIFI, PCA, and WHGO had the sensitivity of 87.5%, 88.2%, and 90.1%, the specificity of 91.8%, 90.1%, and 94.2%, and the correct rate of 90.6%, 87.5%, and 92.4%, respectively. The volume content of the cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space was 77.04% higher than that of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricle. In conclusion, the intelligent deep learning model proposed in this article was able to assume the measurement of clinical cases and auxiliary diagnosis. This model not only can help doctors save the diagnosis time and enhance the medical efficiency, but also can precisely identify the patient’s lesion area. Therefore, it had substantial application potential in mobile-based clinical practice.
The Literature Review: Corruption Behaviour and Causes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Corruption is identified as a deviation from public employees against the norms held by society with the aim for personal gain. Corruption at various levels is still seen as commonplace. This paper wants to see the causes of corruption behavior. The method is literature review especially from the book of Anti Corruption Education for Higher Education from the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia. Factors that can lead to corrupt behavior can come from both internal and external. In general, factors causing corruption can occur due to political, legal, economic, and organizational factors.Keywords: Corruption Behavior, Internal Factors, External Factors.
Printing, Debinding, and Sintering of H13 Tool Steel Processed via Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Additive Manufacturing (AM) sinter-based technologies, particularly filament-based material extrusion (MEX) is gaining popularity for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, mainly for the shaping by 3D printing, making metal additive manufacturing more accessible for industrial production. Even though this technique offers flexibility in material choices and great potential for fabricating high-quality parts, there is still a lack of research on the mechanical and surface properties of the MEX-ed H13 tool steel and the influence of the printing setup on them. In the present work, this literature gap will be filled by analyzing the surface roughness, density and tensile behavior of H13 tool steel parts that were constructed horizontally and on edge.
Exploiting Shock Waves to Trigger the Anticancer Sonodynamic Activity of 5-Aminolevulinc Acid-Derived Protoporphyrin IX on In Vitro 2D and 3D Cancer Models

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a noninvasive method for cancer treatment based on selective activation of a sonosensitiser by ultrasound (US), which results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cancer cell death. SDT uses a similar approach to photodynamic therapy (PDT), but can overcome the main drawback of PDT, i.e., poor tissue penetration of light. This research work investigated the anticancer effect of SDT on various two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) in vitro tumour models, using PDT as a reference treatment. Sonodynamic experiments were performed with pulsed US, specifically with shock waves (SW) and the prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (Ala), which is converted—at the mitochondrial level—into the sonosensitiser protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). SW-mediated PPIX sonodynamic activation resulted in a significant decrease in cell proliferation, especially on human fibrosarcoma (HT-1080) cells, where PPIX accumulation was higher compared to human melanoma (A2058) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5 Y) cells. Moreover, SW-mediated SDT showed significant ROS generation, cell line-dependent in its amount, probably due to differences in Ala-induced PPIX synthesis. In all cancer cell lines, apoptosis was highlighted as the main cancer cell death pathway determined by SW-mediated SDT, along with significant cytochrome c release, and a consequent increase in DNA damage. The efficacy of SDT with SW and Ala in halting cancer cell proliferation was also confirmed in 3D cancer spheroids. The present study suggests that SW-mediated SDT is a valuable approach to slow down tumour proliferation, thus opening an innovative scenario in cancer treatment.
Cycadoprida: History of Study, Value, Perspectives of Use

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Representatives of Cycadopsida – a group of ancient plants, that appeared in the Permian period of the Paleozoic era. During the Jurassic and Triassic periods of the Mesozoic, they were an indispensable component of the plant communities until the appearance and distribution of representatives of Magnoliophyta. Today, 307 taxa of cycads are known. Plants of some species are traditionally used by the local population in everyday life, for food or in folk medicine. For various reasons, populations of most species are endangered. Some cycads species are no longer found in nature. All species of Ceratozamia, Chigua, Encephalartos and representatives of Cycas beddomei Dyer, Microcycas calocoma Miq. A. DC., Stangeria eriopus (Kunze) Baill are listed in I appendix CITES list. The remaining species of Cycadaceae are listed in appendix II. Most representatives of Cycadopsida are listed in the Red List of International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Recent studies have shown the presence in valuable herbs of Cycadopsida of valuable, and sometimes, unique compounds and phytocomposition that can be used in pharmacy and cosmetology. In the work, the scientific, practical and historical significance of the Cycadopsida is formulated, the traditional methods of their use and perspectives of study are indicated. Taking into account the main directions of scientific and educational work carried out in the NBG M.M. Gryshko National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, with the collection of Cycadopsida, provides information on the history of the discovery and study of the representatives of this group of ancient gymnosperms. In the context of the formation of the modern taxonomic hierarchy of the Cycadopsida mentioned the most prominent scientists who were engaged in descriptions and study of this group of plants.
The Urea–Creatinine Ratio as Marker of Catabolism Is Affected by Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: An elevated urea–creatinine ratio (UCR) is used as a surrogate for catabolism and elevated protein metabolism in critically ill patients. This study investigated the effect of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on UCR. Methods: In this retrospective single-centre study, ICU patients from 2011 to 2022 with an ICU stay >2 days before CRRT and a CRRT duration of ≥4 days were included. Patients were grouped by UCR at CRRT initiation into high (UCR ≥ 75 mg/dL:mg/dL) and low groups and compared to matched controls not requiring CRRT. Propensity score matching considered age, sex, bodyweight, SAPS3, SOFA score, and UCR values on baseline and pre-baseline days. Results: In the high UCR group, UCR significantly decreased after CRRT initiation, reaching a significant difference from controls on day 2 (85.0 [IQR: 69.5–96.4] vs. 94.4 [IQR: 83.0–115.2]; p = 0.036) and falling below the threshold of 75 by day 3. In the low group, UCR increased post-CRRT initiation, but was less pronounced than in controls, with significant differences on day 1 (44.0 [IQR: 34.2–59.8] vs. 40.6 [IQR: 32.1–52.5]; p = 0.024). Conclusions: CRRT significantly affects UCR in critically ill patients, showing a marked decrease when compared to matched controls.
ON THE EUDRIINÆ

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In an original memoir on the Zygaenidœ , published by the Essex Institute, Dr. Packard explained the relation of Castnia and allied genera to the European genus Zygaena , and contended for the solidarity of the group as the equivalent of the large family of Bombycidæ in the Latreillean sense. The view, advocated by Agassiz, that form was a family criterion, not only form in general, but form of parts undelying form in general, obtained.
Contiguous lesions by radiofrequency multielectrode ablation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Radiofrequency catheter ablation can cure cases of atrial fibrillation. Multielectrode ablation catheters that can create long and contiguous lesions may benefit the physician by both increasing the predictability of lesion profiles and by reducing procedure time. This study presents an analysis of thermal profiles in tissue under a steerable 8F catheter capable of creating contiguous lesions. The catheter carried three 3-mm electrodes spaced 3.4 mm apart.
The Characteristics and Functional Properties of Sourdough Fermentation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sourdough fermentation can prolong the shelf life of foods,rapidly develop dough,delay the staling of flour foods and have good flavor and higher nutritional quality.Sourdough fermentation also improves sensory qualities including loaf volume,color,taste and texture of bread and mantou.The present paper reviews these above mentioned for application of sourdough in flour foods.