jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Copan ESwab and FLOQSwab for COVID-19 Diagnosis: Working around a Supply Shortage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

O n 16 March 2020, the WHO Director-General stated, "You cannot fight a fire blindfolded.And we cannot stop this pandemic if we don't know who is infected.We have a simple message for all countries: test, test, test.Test every suspected case" (https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---16-march-2020).This strategy hinges on the availability of appropriate, validated collection and transport systems to ensure preservation of nucleic acids and compatibility with downstream molecular testing-an acute challenge in the current pandemic.We present direct comparison of COVID-19 specimens collected with FLOQSwab nasopharyngeal swab preserved in universal transport medium (Copan UTM system; Copan, Italy; catalog no.305C), optimized for viral specimens, and flocked regular nylon tip swab preserved in liquid Amies (ESwab collection system; Copan, Italy; catalog no.480C), optimized for bacterial specimens.COVID-19 symptomatic inpatients, outpatients, and emergency department patients across five hospitals were sampled with both collection systems.Nasopharyngeal sampling technique was used for the UTM collection system, and mid-turbinate sampling was used for the ESwab collection system.Paired specimens were sent to a centralized microbiology laboratory and processed using two distinct extraction/realtime reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) amplification platforms.In the first, nucleic acid extraction/amplification was performed on the BD Max System (Becton, Dickinson, USA), using the ExK TNA-2 extraction strip and detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 5= untranslated region (UTR).Alternatively, specimens were extracted on the NucliSENS EasyMAG (bioMérieux, France) and detection of SARS-CoV-2 5= UTR and envelope (1) was performed on the Rotor-gene Q (Qiagen, Germany).Both assays have been validated to detect 10 RNA copies/reaction (unpublished data).Paired specimens from 94 patients were analyzed.On the BD Max, 35 were concordantly positive and 59 were concordantly negative.There were no discrepant results.On the Rotor-gene, 1 pair of swabs could not be analyzed (disqualified), 33 were concordantly positive, 59 were concordantly negative, and 1 was only FLOQSwab positive.Positive and negative results were concordant between the 2 assays.Comparing swabs, positive percent agreement, negative percent agreement, and Cohen's kappa values were 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.900 to 1.000), 100% (95% CI,
A Two-Stage Image Inpainting Technique for Old Photographs Based on Transfer Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To address the challenge of sparse old photo datasets, we apply transfer learning to image inpainting tasks. Specifically, we improve a two-stage image inpainting network that focuses on collaborative subtasks. We also design a transform module based on the cross-aggregation of windows to improve long-distance contextual information acquisition in image inpainting and enhance the integrity of images in terms of structure and texture. Our improved two-stage network has a significantly better repair performance compared to that of the current common inpainting methods. We further apply transfer learning techniques by utilizing the improved two-stage image inpainting network as the base network and decoupling the generator into a feature extractor and classifier, which consist of an encoder and a decoder, respectively. We obtain a domain-invariant feature extractor through minimax game training using source and target domain data. This feature extractor can be combined with the original encoder to restore old photo images. To verify the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted comparative experiments. Our results show that the PSNR, SSIM, and FID indexes of the model using transfer learning are 11.8%, 2.96%, and 44.4% higher than those without transfer learning, respectively. These findings suggest that applying transfer learning techniques can be an effective solution to address the challenge of sparse old photo datasets in image inpainting tasks.
Preparation and rapid propagation culture technology for sterile seedling of sugarbeet seeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

sugarbeet seeds were rinsed and soaked and sterilized,cultured in 1/2 MS +IAA 0.5 mg/ L culture medium,seedlings without pollution were got from seeds;Numerous sterile regeneration plants were got by cultivating tip buds cut from seedlings on propagating culture medium.
Genetics of Equine Respiratory Disease.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Genetic factors influence the development of guttural pouch tympany, recurrent laryngeal neuropathy, severe equine asthma, exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage, and possibly also some malformations and infectious diseases of the respiratory tract. The current data suggest that most of these diseases are complex, resulting from the interaction between several genes and environmental factors. To date, no specific genes or causative mutations have been identified that would allow the development of practical genetic tests. In the future, genetic profiling panels, based on multiple genetic markers and environmental risk factors, may allow identification of individuals with an increased genetic risk.
Urban Sustainability, Globalization and Expansion Organization in Middle East

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the Western context, notions of sustainable development often refer to the need to adjust existing economicmodels in order to maintain better balances between economic growth and social needs, while protecting localecologies and reducing the negative impact of growth on the global environment. In the developing world,however, sustainable development takes on a rather different meaning. With the agendas of developing nationsfocused on addressing basic developmental challenges such as economic growth, water scarcity, food security,and health, other environmental and social aspects are considered secondary at best and, for the most part, aluxury that a developing nation cannot afford.During the past three decades, Major Middle East city-regions have experienced considerable physical,economic and social transformations. Globalization and economic restructuring has resulted in these city-regionsreceiving the full impact of urbanization pressures. City-regions such as Dubai, Masqat, Beirut, Amman, andCairo have advocate expansion organization approaches giving particular interest to urban sustainability in anattempt to ease these pressures. These approaches promote efforts to achieve the triple bottom line sustainabilityby balancing economic and social development, and environmental protection, and putting (more emphasis oncompact and optimum development of urban forms). This paper evaluates the Middle East cities and assessestheir experiences in managing their urban forms whilst promoting sustainable patterns of urban development.The findings show that sustainable urban development initiatives employing a top down approach has yieldedencouraging results in these case study city-regions. However the need for a more concerted effort towards theoverall sustainability agenda still remains vital. Keywords : Sustainable urban development, expansion organization, compact urbanization, city-regions,Middle East
Study on Kernel Position Effects During Kernel Development in Maize

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Artificial pollination was used to insure simultaneous pollination of every floret in an ear.Kernel fill-ing,endosperm cell number and substance metabolism between apical kernel and middle-basal kernel were analyzed and compared.The results indicated that kernel weight,endosperm cell number and starch content increased,kernel volume increased firstly and then decreased,and sucrose content showed a decreased tendency,with the development of kernel.Every index of middle-basal kernel was higher than that of apical kernel.Therefore,the abilities of kernel storage,assimilation production supply and substance synthesization may be the importance reasons of the differences of kernel development in different positions.
A Cumulus Parameterization Study with Special Attention to the Arakawa-Schubert Scheme,

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The importance of the vertical transports of heat, moisture, vorticity, and momentum by cumulus clouds has long been recognized not only in the numerical predictions of weather and climate but also in the simulation studies on mesoscale circulations such as tropical convective systems, mid-latitude frontogenesis, and the sea-land breeze. However, it is impractical to resolve those individual cumulus clouds because of the distinct scale difference between them and larger-scale circulations. In the past two decades, there have been numerous attempts to relate subgrid-scale cumulus convection to large-scale fields by specifying the cumulus activity as a function of large-scale variables, which is now commonly referred to as cumulus parameterization. The goal of cumulus parameterization is to predict the change of large-scale disturbances due to cumulus convection by describing not each of the many individual clouds, but only their collective effects. Keywords: Mesoscale models; Cloud equations; Finite difference equations; and Sensitivity tests.
Finding cylinders in range data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We have investigated the problem of locating cylinders in a depth scan map. The crucial problem is deciding whether a group of scans could arise from the same cylinder. We investigated a number of traditional approaches to this problem. We found significant reliability and accuracy problems in the traditional approaches that involve fitting ellipses to the scan data. As an alternative, we have developed a simple and very robust method for computing the axis of a cylinder based on three scans. This computation provides the basic capability needed to segment the scan data. This report summarizes our experience with several of the methods and describes the new method in detail.
The identification of the fatty acids of the fat from a North American black bear

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary A study has been made of the identification of the fatty acids of the fat from a North American black bear. The methyl esters of the fatty acids from the fat were prepared and fractionated through a Stedman Column. Myristie, palmitic, stearic, oleic, palmitoleic, and linoleic acids were identified by the melting points of the p‐bromophenacyl ester of the saturated acids and the hydroxy and bromine addition compounds of the unsaturated acids.
Helmet protection from head injuries among recreational bicyclists

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Head injuries account for the great majority of bicycling deaths and hospital admissions. Helmet use has been suggested as an effective means of preventing injury, but few studies have addressed this issue. We collected questionnaire data by mail from 191 recreational bi cyclists who reported having fallen and struck their heads in a cycling mishap. Information was collected on the nature of the mishap, the extent of injury, and the helmet status of the rider at the time of the fall. Fifty-seven percent of riders were wearing helmets during the mishap. Helmet wearers were significantly older than those not wearing helmets. Helmet wearers experienced significantly fewer skull fractures (1 % ver sus 11%) and facial soft tissue injuries (5% versus 18%) than those not wearing helmets (χ 2 = 6.7, 6.5; P = 0.01, 0.01). No other variables accounted for differ ences in injuries. These data support the contention that bicycle helmets are effective in preventing head injuries.
Antioxidant Activities and Oxidative Stabilities of Some Unconventional Oilseeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The oils of some unconventional oilseeds (hemp, radish, terebinth, stinging nettle, laurel) were obtained by a cold‐press method in which the total oil content, fatty acids, tocopherol isomers, some metal contents (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu), antioxidant activity and oxidative stability were determined. The total oil content was determined ranging between 30.68 and 43.12%, and the oil samples had large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, with oleic acid and linoleic acid. Of all the oils, terebinth seed oil had the highest α‐tocopherol content (102.21 ± 1.01 mg/kg oil). Laurel oilseed had the highest antiradical activity in both the DPPH and ABTS assays. The peroxide value of the non‐oxidized oils ranged between 0.51 and 3.73 mequiv O 2 /kg oil. The TBARS value of the non‐oxidized oils ranged between 0.68 ± 0.02 and 6.43 ± 0.48 mmol MA equiv/g oil. At 110 °C, the Rancimat induction period of the oils ranged between 1.32 and 43.44 h. The infrared spectra of the samples were recorded by FTIR spectroscopy. The absorbance values of the spectrum bands were observed and it was determined that some of the chemical groups of oxidized oils caused changes in absorbance. As a result of the present research, the analyzed oils could be evaluated as an alternative to traditionally consumed vegetable oils or as additives to them.
Meat productivity of sheep of Edilbaevskaya breed when using the probiotic Bacell

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lamb meat is quite valuable in terms of food and a popular type of meat. Therefore, increasing the volume of its production is becoming one of the most important problems, both in our country and abroad. Studies by many scientists have proved that the best is considered to be lamb at the age of lambs 6-8 months. The purpose of the researches was to study the possibility of increasing the meat productivity of young sheep of Edilbaevskaya breed and increasing the nutritional value of meat through the use of the probiotic drug Bacell. Scientific and production experiment in the study of meat productivity of Edilbaevskaya sheep breed using probiotic Bacell has been carried out in the APC “Vladimirovsky” in the Akhtubinsky district in the Astrakhan region. In order to evaluate the potential of meat productivity of young sheep in a commercial herd after lambing 3 groups of ewes with 2-week-old lambs have been formed: the control group of animals was reared using traditional technology adopted in the farm, the 1st experimental group was reared and fed intensively due to additional feeding of grain mixtures, the 2nd experimental group was reared similarly to the 1st experimental, but additionally received the probiotic drug Bacell. By the end of fattening (6 months) the difference in slaughter weight in favor of rams of the 2nd experimental group compared to the 1st experimental group was 2,3 % (P ≥ 0,95) and 4,1 % (P ≥ 0,99) compared to the control group. Also, there was an age-related increase in the slaughter yield, which was for the analyzed period in the rams of the 2nd experimental group by 1 abs.%, and in the 1st experimental group by 1,8 abs. %, in the control group by 2,6 abs. %. The profit has been received from the rams of the 2nd experimental group was at the age of 4 months – 3281,6 rubles, and it was higher than the profit from animals of the control and 1st experimental groups by 1093,2 and 828 rubles. At the age of 6 months this difference was 714,0 and 316,8 rubles. As a result of the conducted researches, the expediency of using probiotic Bacell as a feed additive in the rations of young sheep of Edilbaevskaya breed has been proved.
Measurement of Waxy Crude Properties Using Novel Laboratory Techniques

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Transportation and production of waxy crude oils poses a variety of challenges including wax deposition, increased viscosity and pressure drop at temperatures below the cloud point, and high re-start pressure for gelled oil in the pipeline at temperatures below the pour point. The driving force for this study is an investigation of live oil transportation through a 600 km long sub-sea pipeline where ambient temperatures range from 0 to 5°C and pressures up to 3000 psia. The design and operation of such a system warrants unique set of input data. Measurement of such data involves the development of novel experimental techniques. In this paper, newly developed experimental techniques and apparatus used for measuring key waxy crude properties is presented. A novel experimental apparatus was used to visually determine live oil pour points at pressures up to 3000 psi. The gel strength measurements for pipeline restart pressures for both dead and live oils were conducted using a model pipeline test (MPT) apparatus. Measurements of the live oil wax appearance temperature (WAT) were performed using a state-of-the-art High Pressure Cross Polar Microscope (HP-CPM) and a laser-based solids detection system.
General lack of structural characterization of chemically synthesized long peptides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Many peptide chemistry scientists have been reporting extremely interesting work on the basis of chemical peptides for which the only characterization was their purity, mass, and biological activity. It seems slightly overenthusiastic, as many of these structures should be thoroughly characterized first to demonstrate the uniqueness of the structure, as opposed to the uniqueness of the sequence. Among the peptides of identical sequences in the final chemical preparation, what amount of well‐folded peptide supports the measured activity? The activity of a peptide preparation cannot prove the purity of the desired peptide. Therefore, greater care should be taken in characterizing peptides, particularly those coming from chemical synthesis. At a time when the pharmaceutical industry is changing its paradigm by moving substantially from small molecules to biologics to better serve patients' needs, it is important to understand the limitations of the descriptions of these products and to start to apply the same “good laboratory practices” to our peptide research. Here, we attempt to delineate how synthetic peptides are described and characterized and what will be needed to describe them in regards to how they are well‐folded and homogeneous in their tertiary structure. Older studies were done when the tools were not yet discovered, but more recent publications are still lacking proper descriptions of these peptides. Modern tools of analysis are capable of segregating folded and unfolded peptides, even if the preparation is biologically active.
Visual Loss and Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Children With Alagille Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background: Alagille syndrome (AGS) is an autosomal dominant, multisystem disorder defined by developmental abnormalities of the liver, heart, eye and skeleton. Although visual problems are recognised, the severity of visual loss and its link with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has not been reported. Aim: To review the incidence of visual loss and IIH in children with AGS managed at a National Paediatric Liver Unit between 1989 and 2004. Subjects and Methods: Retrospective case note review of children who fulfilled criteria for diagnosis of AGS and had an ophthalmic examination by a paediatric ophthalmologist. Results: Fifty‐five children with AGS were evaluated. Of these, 41 children fulfilled diagnostic criteria and had a documented ophthalmic examination. Six children had undergone liver transplantation. Three children had a definite diagnosis of IIH, 2 of whom developed postliver transplant. All 3 were treated medically, but 1 child with IIH required lumboperitoneal shunting. All 3 children with definite IIH have normal vision after treatment. Another child with probable undiagnosed IIH has bilateral optic atrophy and is registered blind. Two children with AGS are registered partially sighted, one with rod cone dystrophy and the other with pigmentary retinopathy and right disc atrophy. Summary: Although visual abnormalities are well described in children with AGS, a minority of children have significant progressive visual loss. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension has been identified as a potentially treatable precipitating factor. Conclusions: We recommend annual fundoscopy in the follow‐up of children with AGS to facilitate early detection and appropriate management of IIH to prevent visual loss.
Rapid progression of thymoma in a 3-year-old-girl

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thymoma is an uncommon neoplasm that derived from thymic epithelial cells. Clinically, it is slow-growing and most patients are over 40 years old. Thymoma corresponds to 30% of anterior mediastinal tumors in adults but <1% in pediatric patients. However, thymoma in pediatric group is considered to be highly aggressive. We report a case of invasive thymoma in a 3-year-old girl, presented as respiratory distress with massive pleural effusion. She developed a superior vena cava syndrome soon after admission. A subsequent computed tomography demonstrated a large mediastinal mass with compression of great vessels. Due to the rare occurrence of thymoma at such a young age, an accurate diagnosis was made only after an open biopsy had been performed. The patient underwent a near-complete resection of the mass as well as adjuvant chemotherapy. She has remained well at the 6-year follow-up.
Recent Advances in Active Immunization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MEDIuLJOULsystem of government and who had somewhat unusual views on the preservation of the health of the body politic.This same doctor, having noted that those in power are often troubled with short and weak memories, proposed that " who- ever attended a first minister, after having told his business with the utmost brevity, and in the plainest words, should, at his departure, give the said minister a tweak by the nose, or a kick in the belly, or tread on his corns, or lug him thrice by both ears, or run a pin into his body,, or pinch his arms black and blue, to prevent forgetfulness."REFERENCES
Additions to the Fauna of Moths and Butterflies (Lepidoptera) of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Collection of moths and butterflies in the city of Arkhangelsk, Solovetsky Islands, Pinezhsky and Kargopolsky districts carried out between 2017 and 2019, and identification of occasional samples resulted in the discovery of 47 species of Lepidoptera not previously reported from the Arkhangelsk Oblast; three more species were added to the regional fauna based on published data. Especially noteworthy are the findings of Coleophora proterella (a recently described species; the first record from Russia), Clostera albosigma (the westernmost European record) and Bryotropha affinis (a rare, mainly coastal species in Fennoscandia). We also confirmed the records of eight species known from old publications only, and we report new localities for 318 species. To date, the known fauna of the Arkhangelsk Oblast totals 1188 species of moths and butterflies (639 species of microlepidoptera and 549 species of macrolepidoptera); 62 of these are classified as threatened in Finland. We estimate that the regional fauna of Lepidoptera amounts to 1800 species.
A new species of the European freshwater bryozoan fauna: Plumatella similirepens WOOD, 2001 (Bryozoa, Phylactolaemata)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

M.I, Pieroni, G., A.C (2006): A new species of the European freshwater bryozoan fauna: Plumatella similirepens WOOD, 2001 (Bryozoa, Phylactolaemata). Linzer biologische Beiträge 38 (1): 47-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5434884