jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Allometric scaling in small colonies of the scleractinian coral Siderastrea siderea (Ellis and Solander)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Although most physiological traits scale allometrically in unitary organisms, it has been hypothesized that modularity allows for isometric scaling in colonial modular taxa. Isometry would allow increases in size without functional constraints, and is thought to be of central importance to the success of a modular design. Yet, despite its potential importance, scaling in these organisms has received little attention. To determine whether scleractinian corals are free of allometric constraints, we quantified metabolic scaling, measured as aerobic respiration, in small colonies (< or =40 mm in diam.) of the scleractinian Siderastrea siderea. We also quantified the scaling of colony surface area with biomass, since the proposed isometry is contingent upon maintaining a constant ratio of surface area to biomass (or volume) with size. Contrary to the predicted isometry, aerobic respiration scaled allometrically on biomass with a slope (b) of 0.176, and colony surface area scaled allometrically on biomass with a slope of 0.730. These findings indicate that small colonies of S. siderea have disproportionately high metabolic rates and SA:B ratios compared to their larger counterparts. The most probable explanations for the allometric scaling of aerobic respiration are (1) a decline in the SA:B ratio with size such that more surface area is available per unit of biomass for mass transfer in the smallest colonies, and (2) the small size, young age, and disproportionately high growth rates of the corals examined. This allometric scaling also demonstrates that modularity, alone, does not allow small colonies of S. siderea to overcome allometric constraints. Further studies are required to determine whether allometric scaling is characteristic of the full size range of colonies of S. siderea.
Measurement of the Semileptonic B Branching Ratios and

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In a sample of about 10 6 hadronic Z decays collected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP in the year 1994, inclusive electrons and muons were tagged. The semileptonic branching ratios for primary and cascade b decays BR(b ! `), BR(b ! c ! `) and average b mixing ¯ Ø b were measured using momentum spectra of single lepton and di-lepton in opposite jets. Lifetime tagging is used to obtain a high purity b sample. Paper submitted to the HEP&apos;97 Conference Jerusalem, August 19-26 1 Introduction The analysis of the momentum and transverse momentum distributions of leptons identified in qq events collected during 1994 LEP run is presented here. Previous results on this subject were presented in [1], based on data collected in 1991 and 1992 runs. In that analysis the momentum and transverse momentum ( p t ) distributions of single leptons and dilepton candidates were fitted to extract the partial decay widths of the Z to b and c quarks (R b ,R c ), the inclusive branching ratios for the semi...
O-275 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN STATUS OF WORK ARRANGEMENTS WITH WORK ENGAGEMENT: A NATIONWIDE PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Flexible work arrangements are becoming more popular since the Covid-19 pandemic. It allows employees not to physically interact with colleagues during working process. This phenomenon leads to several consequences both positive and negative. Our study aims to identify the status of flexible work arrangements compared to fixed work arrangements associated with work engagement. Methods This study is part of W2S-Ohpm study, a nationwide, online survey, prospective cohort study among workers in Japan. Work engagement was examined using Japanese version of Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Status of work arrangement was defined using a single question, categorized into fixed work arrangement (regular and shift working time system) and flexible work arrangement (flextime, variable working hours system and discretion labor). Participants were observed from year 2022 – 2023. Linear regression was used for statistical analysis. The study was approved by UOEH, Japan ethics committee and followed CHERRIES guidelines. Results There were 16,629 participants following one-year observation. We found that flexible working arrangement employees were likely to have better work engagement compared to fixed work arrangement employees (Coefficient 2.401, p&lt;0.001). The association was kept significant after being adjusted with sex, age, education, income, type of industry, job position and work from home status (Coefficient 1.070, p&lt;0.001). Discussion Application of flexible work engagement was likely led to positive outcome of work engagement. It may be implemented at any kind of workplace, job position and possibly combined with work from home status. Conclusions Flexible work arrangements can be implemented not only for decreasing work demands but also increasing work engagement.
HIV-testing of health care workers: unethical request or moral obligation?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transmission of HIV from physician to patient is possible. Physicians should help the public understand the low level of this risk and put it in the perspective of other medical risks, while acknowledging public concern. Nevertheless, there is a clear need for national guidelines which give unambiguous, practicable guidance about HIV-testing of health care workers performing invasive procedures and consequences of positive results. It is an ethical obligation of us physicians to come forward with such distinct recommendations and clearly have identified "exposure-prone" procedures which might necessitate HIV-screening. Infection with HIV does not in itself justify restrictions on the practice of an otherwise competent health care worker, but seropositive physicians should place themselves under the guidance of an expert review panel, which should determine whether practice restrictions are appropriate.
[Second-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Currently, the recommended second-line eradication regimen for Helicobacter pylori is a quadruple therapy consisting of PPI, bismuth, tetracycline and metronidazole. Recently, levofloxacin-based (PPI, levofloxacin and amoxicillin) and moxifloxacin-based (PPI, moxifloxacin and amoxicillin) triple therapy represent promising alternative. In Japan, PPI-based triple therapy (PPI, amoxicillin and metronidazole) is used for second-line regimen after failure of first-line eradication. The rate of second-line eradication is still high(approximately 90% (ITT)) and triple therapy with PPI, AMPC, and MNZ may still be considered useful for second-line eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori in Japan. High-dose dual therapy with PPI and amoxicillin for 2 weeks may be useful treatment strategy after failure of first-line eradication.
Rotational excitation of H$_3$O$^+$ cations by para-H$_2$: improved collisional data at low temperatures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The hydronium cation plays a crucial role in interstellar oxygen and water chemistry. While its spectroscopy was extensively investigated earlier, the collisional excitation of H$_3$O$^+$ is not well studied yet. In this work we present state-to-state collisional data for rotational de-excitation of both ortho- and para-H$_3$O$^+$ due to para-H$_2$ impact. The cross sections are calculated within the close-coupling formalism using our recent, highly accurate rigid-rotor potential energy surface for this collision system. The corresponding thermal rate coefficients are calculated up to 100 K. For para-H$_3$O$^+$ the lowest 20 rotation-inversion states were considered in the calculations, while for ortho-H$_3$O$^+$ the lowest 11 states are involved (up to $j\leq5$), so all levels with rotational energy below 420 K (292 cm$^{-1}$) are studied. In order to analyse the impact of the new collisional rates on the excitation of H$_3$O$^+$ in astrophysical environments radiative transfer calculations are also provided. The most relevant emission lines from an astrophysical point of view are studied, taking into account the transitions at 307, 365, 389 and 396 GHz. We show that our new collisional data have a non-negligible impact (from a few percents up to about a factor of 3) on the brightness and excitation temperatures of H$_3$O$^+$, justifying the revision of the physical conditions in the appropriate astrophysical observations. The calculated rate coefficients allow one to recalculate the column density of hydronium in interstellar clouds, which can lead to a better understanding of interstellar water and oxygen chemistry.
Study on changes over Musa acuminate and Vitis vinifera by Aloe vera gel as an edible coating

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera gel as a coating material over Musa acuminata and Vitis vinifera . Fruits were divided into two equal quantity and quality, one was kept as sample and other as control at room temperature of 28±3 o C. Aloe vera coating didn’t show any change over Musa acuminata fruits, as there was no difference between control and the sample. But Vitis vinifera coated with gel showed good result of extended shelf life of 5 days. Physiological weight loss (PWL) found to be 19.14% and 20.29% for Musa acuminata sample and control on 7 th day respectively. Considerably for Vitis vinifera PLW found to be 26.15% and 43.87% on 15 th day. Similary reducing sugar, TSS found to get change with storge days. These derived parameters inferred that the acceptance of Vitis vinifera s were extended to 15 days, while Musa acuminata didn’t showed the expected result.
Voltage Unbalance Factor (VUF) Mitigation Considering Demand Side Management on Islanded Microgrid

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Microgrid is becoming an integral part of the power system as it increases the reliability and flexibility of the power system. Apart from benefits, there are some challenges like power quality, voltage unbalance, frequency deviation etc. The power quality problem is more pronounced in the case of an islanded-microgrid where there is no backup in voltage and frequency deviation. Demand-side management (DSM) is used to be for the minimization of unbalance in voltage and hence, this work presents a voltage unbalance (VU) mitigation strategy by using thermostatically controlled devices (TCDs) as DSM entities. The voltage dependence model of TCD is presented and used in the mitigation strategy. The thermal comfort of the users is maintained during the implementation of this control strategy. The mitigation strategy is tested and verified in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Experience in the diagnosis of group B Streptococcus infectionsin pregnant women and newborns in a perinatal center

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Serogroup B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) are one of the main etiological agents responsible for the occurrence of severe perinatal infections in both postpartum women and newborns. The experience of microbiological diagnostics of infections caused by streptococcus serogroup B (GBS) according to the data of the microbiological laboratory of the perinatal center is generalized. In the study of biomaterial from patients, the proportion of positive cultures of Streptococcus agalactiae was 2.2% in cervical samples, 8.8% in vaginal contents, 6.6%; 2.8% and 0.7% in amniotic fluid, placenta and urine, respectively. In 57% of cases, GBS was released at a concentration of more than 5 lg / ml and in 73% of cases as part of polymicrobial associations with other opportunistic microorganisms. In the biomaterial from newborns, GBS was found in 2.5% of positive findings in blood samples, 4.6% in tracheobronchial lavages and 2.7% in detachable skin of the armpit when taking material immediately after childbirth and 1, 1% and 0.7%, respectively, during examination in the second stage of nursing. 5 cases of GBS isolation in newborns ended in early neonatal mortality with definitive diagnoses of congenital pneumonia and IUI of newborns, while there was only partial coincidence of the results of microbiological studies of the genital tract of the mother and biomaterials from the newborn. Relatively frequent findings of GBS in newborns of the high-risk group in intensive care unit indicate intrauterine infection with this pathogen. The examination of smears from the cervical canal is not informative in relation toGBS infection in comparison with the examination of the vaginal contents and recto-vaginal smears. The results of the introduction of microbiological screening and its effectiveness in real practice to prevent the development of early and late forms of GBS infections in newborns require further analysis.
High-Order Control Variations and Small-Time Local Controllability

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The importance of “control variations” for obtaining local approximations of the reachable set of nonlinear control systems is well known. Heuristically, if one can construct control variations in all possible directions, then the considered control system is small-time locally controllable (STLC). Two concepts of control variations of higher order are introduced for the case of smooth control systems. The relation between these variations and the small-time local controllability is studied and a new sufficient STLC condition is proved.
Outcome of very low birthweight infants who required prolonged hospitalization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Over a 4 year study period, 294 infants with a birthweight ≤ 1500 g survived their initial hospitalization; 103 (35%) were discharged after a gestational age of 40 weeks. The postdischarge infant mortality was significantly higher in those with prolonged initial hospitalization compared with the remaining survivors (6% vs 1%). During the first 2 years, significant infections were found in 66% and rehospitalization in 54% of the children who had prolonged initial hospitalization. At 2 years, 34% were below the 10th centile for weight as were 39% for height; head circumferences were normal. Major disability (27% vs 15%) and developmental delay (13% vs 4%) were significantly more common in survivors with prolonged initial hospitalization compared with the remaining survivors. The study demonstrated the continuing toll of perinatal morbidity among very low birthweight infants who required prolonged hospitalization and emphasized the need for comprehensive medical and social support, not only during their initial hospitalization, but also after discharge.
The Relative Impact of Interviewer Effects and Sample Design Effects on Survey Precision

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary One of the principal sources of error in data collected from structured face-to-face interviews is the interviewer. The other major component of imprecision in survey estimates is sampling variance. It is rare, however, to find studies in which the complex sampling variance and the complex interviewer variance are both computed. This paper compares the relative impact of interviewer effects and sample design effects on survey precision by making use of an interpenetrated primary sampling unit–interviewer experiment which was designed by the authors for implementation in the second wave of the British Household Panel Study as part of its scientific programme. It also illustrates the use of a multilevel (hierarchical) approach in which the interviewer and sample design effects are estimated simultaneously while being incorporated in a substantive model of interest.
Application of Cerebrospinal Fluid Host Protein Biosignatures in the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis in Children from a High Burden Setting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background . The diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) especially in children is challenging. New tests are urgently needed for the diagnosis of the disease, especially in resource-limited settings. Methods . We collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from children presenting with symptoms requiring investigation for meningitis at a tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Children were later classified as TBM or no TBM using published case definitions. Using a multiplex platform, we investigated the concentrations of biomarkers comprising a previously established 3-marker biosignature (VEGF, IL-13, and LL-37) and other potentially useful host biomarkers as diagnostic candidates for TBM. Findings . Out of 47 children, age, 3 months to 13 years, 23 were diagnosed with TBM and six (16%) were HIV-infected. We validated the previously identified CSF biosignature (sensitivity of 95.7% (95% CI, 79.0-99.2%) and specificity of 37.5% (95% CI, 21.2-57.3%)). However, substitution of IL-13 and LL-37 with IFN- γ and MPO, respectively, resulted in improved accuracy (area under the ROC curveAUC=0.97, 95% CI, 0.92-1.00, up to 91.3% (21/23) sensitivity and up to 100% (24/24) specificity). An alternative four-marker biosignature (sICAM-1, MPO, CXCL8, and IFN- γ ) also showed potential, with an AUC of 0.97. Conclusion . We validated a previously identified CSF biosignature and showed that refinement of this biosignature by incorporation of other biomarkers diagnosed TBM with high accuracy. Incorporation of these biomarkers into a point-of-care or bedside diagnostic test platform may result in the improved management of TBM in children.
Homeric Echoes in Posidippus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Labored in Papyrus Leaves: Perspectives on an Epigram Collection Attributed to Posidippus (P.Mil.Vogl. VIII 309) is a Center for Hellenic Studies publication, specifically Hellenic Studies Series 2. Since Gregory Nagy is both article author and Director of the Center for Hellenic Studies, no special permission needed for online submission.
Speech and Heroic Identity in the Iliad

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study argues that the Iliad is not the story of Achilles, as scholars tend to read it, but rather the problems of heroic identity in general (of which Achilles is simply a part). The Homeric hero possesses complex relationships with death, the divine, and the Greek community. Meanwhile, combat lies at the heart of the heroic task, and direct speech is the primary medium through which the poet develops his characters. Thus, I examine speech as an identity index in the Iliad’s combat scenes and chart the character development of three Greek heroes in particular through their speech: Diomedes, Patroklos, and Agamemnon. My final chapter discusses the identity issues of Achilles that scholars have long recognized and draws parallels between his speech and that of the other heroes, demonstrating that heroic identity conflict transcends Achilles alone. In the combat scenes of the Iliad, the minor heroes do not act as filler, nor do they simply serve to set up Achilles’ return to battle; they work with Achilles to build the work into a study of heroic identity.
Chapter VIII. Okinotorishima: A Rock Or An Island? Recent Maritime Boundary Controversy Between Japan And Taiwan/China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1987, it was reported that Japan had begun construction of defensive facilities surrounding Okinotorishima in order to protect it from submersion caused by wind and water erosion. This chapter discusses an international law viewpoint, the legal status of Okinotorishima, which is currently uninhabitable and unable to sustain economic activity. It gives a background on the history and geography of Okinotorishma and explains the importance of Okinotorishima. The chapter outlines the principal reasons why official disputes have arisen in the arena of East Asian international politics and foreign affairs. It explains Japan's claim for special laws for Okinotorishima, detailing how Japan has adopted various methods for maintaining the reefs above the waterline and strengthening the status of the island, in order to support the claims that Okinotorishima can enjoy an EEZ and a continental shelf. The chapter looks at international law and international legal scholars' analysis of Japan's position. Keywords: continental shelf; East Asian international politics; exclusive economic zone (EEZ); international law; Japan; Okinotorishima
The role of tone height, melodic contour, and tone chroma in melody recognition.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present experiments assessed the contribution of tone height, melodic contour, and tone chroma to melody recognition. Rather than using highly familiar folk songs as in earlier studies, subjects were taught new melodies. Novel melodies were used to (a) more precisely control potential cues (e.g., rhythm) that are not of present interest, (b) eliminate unison intervals that cannot be transformed appropriately, (c) provide a direct analysis of the nature of confusion errors, (d) test whether recently learned melodies are recognized differently than highly overlearned melodies, and (e) evaluate the extent to which practice in the experimental task alters the process of recognition. The results replicate previous studies using familiar folk songs. Transformations of the original melodies were accurately recognized when tone height was violated, but both melodic contour and tone chroma were maintained. Violating both tone height and contour while maintaining chroma produced extremely poor recognition. Performance was intermediate when just melodic contour was preserved. There is now good evidence to support the idea that melodic contour and tone chroma, in addition to tone height, contribute to recognition of both highly familiar and recently learned melodies.
Development of novel nanomaterials for fingerprinting

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Fingerprint analysis has been used in forensic science for more than 100 years, as it aids in criminal identification. Visual fingerprint recognition has often been used, to visually match the prints to the suspect. Recently, surface assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SALDI-ToF-MS) is another chemical analysis method that has been developed to analyse fingerprints. In SALDI-ToF-MS, inorganic compounds have been used as a matrix component to transfer the energy from the laser to the analyte, causing the analytes to ionise and identified through a mass spectrometry. Novel nanomaterials, namely hydrophobic and hydrophilic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with silica doped carbon black (silica/CB), were developed in recent years as a matrix compound for both of these purposes. However, there is room for improvement in the development of these nanomaterials. In this project, the main aim is to improve the silica/CB thickness on the iron oxide nanoparticles, to improve signal intensities obtain from SALDI-ToF-MS. These were made through modifications to the synthesis process of the silica/CB coating. First, the effect of changing the surface agent to ammonium hydroxide was investigated. Subsequently, the reagent ratio was varied to optimise the synthesis process. An alternating step was also attempted to build the coating sequentially on the nanoparticles. These synthesised powders were then characterised to understand the changes made due to the synthesis process. The functionality and usability of the powders were also tested by dusting of fingerprints and SALDI-ToF-MS. Effectively, the change in surface agent and alternating step performed well, even with the limitations considered form the testing methods. These modifications could potentially be included in the synthesis protocols, to produce powders effective for fingerprint analysis.