jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sociological Analysis Of Islamic Law On Waqf Practices In Kyai Family In Bangkalan District

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this study, the researcher analyzed sociologically Islamic law regarding waqf practices that occurred in the kyai's family in Bangkalan. Waqf in the Kyai's family, namely waqf that occurs in one family or the nazhir is the same person as the wakif or from the same family as the wakif. Therefore, it is necessary to study the topic of how the practice of waqf in the Kyai's family in Bangkalan Regency, the majority of which have family waqf practices, including those from the Kyai's family. This study uses a qualitative approach, while data collection uses interviews and observations as well as documentation studies. And from this study it can be concluded that waqf in the Kyai's family, the practice of waqf in the Kyai's family in Bangkalan Regency is indeed like a tradition or culture that cannot be separated. This is due to the existence of patterns of behavior (law) of citizens, laws and behavior patterns as creations and manifestations of social groups, and the reciprocal relationship between changes in law and social and cultural changes. . In addition, the influence of Islamic law on society and changes in society and also the influence of change and development of society on Islamic legal thought which has been mentioned in the sociological thought of Islamic law.
Knowledge, risk perception and hepatitis B vaccination status of healthcare workers in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection threatens the health of populationsacross the globe.It is an important occupational risk for health care workers (HCWs); they are known to be at high risk of the infection following needle stick injuries and accidental exposure to infected blood and other body fluids.This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, risk perception and hepatitis B vaccination status of HCWs in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, Nigeria.A descriptive cross-sectional study among 124 HCWs selected by multistage sampling technique was conducted in the months of February to April 2013.Informed consent was taken and information was collected by a pre-designed questionnaire, data analysis was done using computer software, SPSS version 20.Majority of respondents (86.3%) demonstrated good knowledge of HBV infection.Most of the respondents (92.7%) perceived themselves to be more at risk of HBV infection as compared to the general population by virtue of their profession.Only 50 (40.3%) of the 124 respondents have been vaccinated against HBV infection.In addition, only 28 (56.0%) of the 50 respondents that have been vaccinated against HBV infection had the recommended three doses of the vaccine.This study demonstrated poor uptake of hepatitis B vaccination among HCWs in UDUTH, Sokoto, Nigeria, despite good knowledge and high risk perception.Periodic education of staff on prevention of transmission of blood and other body fluids borne pathogens in the hospital setting, and promotion of accessibility to vaccines against relevant vaccine preventable diseases in the healthcare facilities are hereby suggested.
Race and Greek Life

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract When it comes to race and Greek life, the research overwhelmingly addresses black Greek‐letter organizations (GLOs), and even this is relatively paltry when compared to the overall literature on white organizations. Because of historical exclusionary practices, racial and ethnic minorities have largely created and maintained their own identity‐based fraternities and sororities, despite white GLOs opening up to people of color in recent decades. Little research currently addresses race in meaningful ways for white GLOs, in particular ignoring how these groups often perpetuate racial segregation. Most research on black, Latino, and Asian American GLOs is very limited in scope and breadth. Future research needs to address this dearth, as well as to seek to explore new and existing issues of race within GLOs, such as growing multicultural organizations.
Adverse Events in Open Surgical vs. Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Brachial Access for Endovascular Interventions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Advances in endovascular interventions have made endovascular approaches the first option for treating peripheral arterial diseases. Although radial artery access is commonly used for coronary procedures, the common femoral artery remains the most frequent site for endovascular treatments due to better ergonomics and proven technical success. Meanwhile, data on using upper extremity access via the brachial artery during complex endovascular aortic interventions are lacking. This study aimed to compare the incidence of access site complications between ultrasound-guided percutaneous brachial access (UPA) and open surgical incisional brachial access (OSA) in the management of peripheral arterial diseases. Methods: Patients who underwent treatment for peripheral arterial and aortic disease using brachial access from 2019 to 2023 were included in this study. The primary endpoint was the complication rate at the access site 30 days postoperatively. Access-related complications included bleeding requiring re-exploration, acute upper limb ischemia, thrombosis, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, and nerve injury associated with the brachial access. Results: Brachial access was performed on 485 patients (UPA, n = 320; OSA, n = 165). The mean operation time was 164.5 ± 45.4 min for the percutaneous procedure and 289.2 ± 79.4 min for the cutdown procedure (p = 0.003). Postprocedural hematoma occurred in 15 patients in the UPA group and 2 patients in the OSA group (p = 0.004). Thromboembolic events were observed in 9 patients in the percutaneous group and 3 patients in the OSA group. Reoperation was required for 23 patients in the percutaneous group and 8 patients in the cutdown group. Conclusions: The findings indicate that patients undergoing endovascular arterial interventions have a higher rate of brachial access complications in the UPA group compared to the OSA group.
Successful Stentless Aortic Valve Replacement Navigated by VR Images in a Case of Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis with Valsalva Sinus Asymmetry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ステントレス生体弁（SOLO SMART）はステント生体弁に比べて有効弁口面積が大きく，圧較差が少ないため血行動態的に有利と考えられている．われわれの施設では21 mm以下のステント生体弁19 mmしか使用できない症例では，SOLO SMARTをAVRにおける選択肢の1つとして用いている．しかし不均一なValsalva洞を伴う二尖弁症例では，人工弁を均等に縫合するための指標が乏しく，正しい位置に配置が困難であるため，推奨されていない．今回われわれは，二尖弁AS症例に対して術前のCTデータから大動脈基部を3次元計測し，人工弁の適切な縫合位置を術前に決定したうえでSOLO SMARTによる生体弁置換術を行い，良好な結果を得たので報告する．
Treatment outcome in juvenile‐onset myasthenia gravis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction. Approximately 10%–15% of MG patients have juvenile (<18 years of age) onset. We aimed to assess the clinical course, outcome, and subjectively perceived health status of a cohort of juvenile MG patients. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of medical records of 101 patients followed by a cross‐sectional questionnaire study. Results The mean age of patients was 12.8 years at onset and 13.7 years at diagnosis. Ninety percent of the patients were seropositive. Over 40% of the patients were treated with immunosuppression and over 80% underwent thymectomy. The mean Myathenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG‐ADL) scale score was 2.48. At last follow‐up, 30.9% of patients were in complete, stable remission; 77.8% perceived their health as good. Discussion The treatment outcome for juvenile MG is favorable, with a marked reduction of symptoms and good day‐to‐day activity achieved for most patients. Muscle Nerve 59:549–549, 2019
Wolf Ladejinsky: Field Trips for a Democratic Countryside

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract By looking at the life, travels, and work of Wolf Ladejinsky, one of the leading American experts and advisers on agrarian reforms in Asia during the postwar era, this article sheds light on the practices of development experts. Ladejinsky's work shows how the postwar period saw the emergence of a new kind of traveling economist whose task was to engineer and assess the implementation of modernization programs. In particular, the article analyzes the role of field trips in the career of Ladejinsky across Asia. The task of traveling experts was complicated. Ladejinsky's agenda was clear and his goals predetermined but they had to be adapted to different national and international frameworks. Adaptation had two sides: on the one hand, it meant fixing certain elements of the land reform plan, such as the maximum size of landowners' estates, according to local agricultural conditions; on the other, adaptation consisted of a form of institutional engineering, to harness political will, popular support, and bureaucratic structures for land reform. He developed, therefore, an array of methodological suggestions to collect relevant information during short visits.
Three-electron bonded σ/σ* radical cations from mixedly substituted dialkyl sulfides in aqueous solution studied by pulse radiolysis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The formation of several radical cations ([Ri,Rj]S ∴ S[Ri,Rj])+, ([Ri]2S ∴ S[Rj]2])+ and ([Ri,Rj]S ∴ S[Rj]2)+ with mixed alkyl substitution in aqueous solution has been investigated by means of pulse radiolysis. The following substituents were involved: Ri,j= H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl and octyl. Two methods of generation have been applied: (i)˙OH-induced oxidation of a sulfide and (ii) one-electron reduction of the corresponding sulfoxide in very acidic solution. The 2σ/1σ* three-electron bonded (>S ∴ S<)+-type species exhibit optical absorptions with maxima ranging from 420 nm for (Me2S ∴ SH2)+ to 600 nm for ([Me,But]S ∴ S[But]2)+. The actual transition energy can be related to the electron induction by the substituents as concluded from a linear free energy correlation between the respective λmax and weighted Taft's inductive σ* parameters. For unbranched substituents λmax(in eV)= 1.40 (σ*)w+ 2.65. Evidence is also provided for the destabilization of the three-electron bond by steric demands of bulky substituents and by the effect of the substitution pattern on the 'σ-lone pair' interaction. The latter becomes apparent by comparing ([Me2]S ∴ S[But]2)+(λmax 545 nm) with ([Me,But]S ∴ S[Me,But])+(λmax 510 nm). Kinetically, a number of rate constants have been determined for the forward and back reactions of the equilibrium > S˙++ S < ⇌(>S ∴ S<)+. They are typically of the order of 109 dm3 mol–1 s–1 and 104–105 s–1, respectively. Equilibrium constants derived from these kinetic data range from 2.0 × 105 dm3 mol–1 for (Me2S ∴ SMe2)+(confirming an earlier measurement) to ⩽ 5 × 103 dm3 mol–1 for ([Me,But]S ∴ S[But]2)+. Their decrease parallels the total electron-releasing power of the substituents and the steric constraints exerted by them. The decay of the three-electron bonded radical cations includes first-order release of protons, possibly in association with the dissociation of the three-electron bond and second-order processes, presumably disproportionation. By and large, the kinetic stabilities are reflected in the trend in λmax with shorter lifetimes referring to more red-shifted absorptions.
Fuel cells and electrolysers

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

As of 2020, the energy landscape in many countries has started a shift towards a higher share of renewable energies, as a means to address climate change and other issues related to the energy supply. The output of renewable sources such as solar, wind and hydro power being typically in the form of electrical energy, this trend goes in pair with an increasing share of electrification of the transportation system. Nevertheless, a purely electrical energy system is unrealistic, as the matching between fluctuating energy supply and consumption requires large storage capacities. Hydrogen as an energy carrier provides an interesting solution to these needs, due to its low cost of storage. Furthermore, hydrogen is a commodity already used nowadays, in particular in chemistry. The vast majority of the hydrogen produced today stems from fossil sources, and producing hydrogen from renewable sources in times of excess production offsets the corresponding CO2 emissions. Hydrogen also provides new opportunities for zero emission vehicles. The key components of a
hydrogen-based energy system are electrolyzers, which allow producing hydrogen from electrical energy, and fuel cells, which allow the use of hydrogen in stationary and mobile applications. In the following chapter, we will show how neutron imaging can be used to give insight into the inner workings of such devices, in particular in the presence of two-phase flow phenomena.
Analysis of genes involved in the PI3K/Akt pathway in radiation- and MNU-induced rat mammary carcinomas

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The PI3K/AKT pathway is one of the most important signaling networks in human breast cancer, and since it was potentially implicated in our preliminary investigations of radiation-induced rat mammary carcinomas, our aim here was to verify its role. We included mammary carcinomas induced by the chemical carcinogen 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea to determine whether any changes were radiation-specific. Most carcinomas from both groups showed activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, but phosphorylation of AKT1 was often heterogeneous and only present in a minority of carcinoma cells. The negative pathway regulator Inpp4b was significantly downregulated in both groups, compared with in normal mammary tissue, and radiation-induced carcinomas also showed a significant decrease in Pten expression, while the chemically induced carcinomas showed a decrease in Pik3r1 and Pdk1. Significant upregulation of the positive regulators Erbb2 and Pik3ca was observed only in chemically induced carcinomas. However, no genes showed clear correlations with AKT phosphorylation levels, except in individual carcinomas. Only rare carcinomas showed mutations in PI3K/AKT pathway genes, yet these carcinomas did not exhibit stronger AKT phosphorylation. Thus, while AKT phosphorylation is a common feature of rat mammary carcinomas induced by radiation or a canonical chemical carcinogen, the mutation of key genes in the pathways or permanent changes to gene expression of particular signaling proteins do not explain the pathway activation in the advanced cancers. Although AKT signaling likely facilitates cancer development and growth in rat mammary carcinomas, it is unlikely that permanent disruption of the PI3K/AKT pathway genes is a major causal event in radiation carcinogenesis.
Immunogenicity of a Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Glycoprotein D DNA Vaccine Complexed with Bovine Neutrophil Beta-Defensin 3

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Protective efficacy against bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) has been demonstrated to be induced by a plasmid encoding bovine neutrophil beta-defensin 3 (BNBD3) as a fusion construct with truncated glycoprotein D (tgD). However, in spite of the increased cell-mediated immune responses induced by this DNA vaccine, the clinical responses of BoHV-1-challenged cattle were not reduced over those observed in animals vaccinated with the plasmid encoding tgD alone; this might have been because the vaccine failed to improve humoral responses. We hypothesized that an alternative vaccine design strategy that utilized the DNA vaccine pMASIA-tgD as a complex with BNBD3 might improve humoral responses while maintaining robust Th1-type cell-mediated responses. C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated with pMASIA-tgD complexed with 0, 0.01875, 0.1875, or 1.875 nmol of a stable synthesized analog of BNBD3 (aBNBD3). The best results were seen in mice immunized with the vaccine composed of pMASIA-tgD complexed to 0.1875 nmol aBNBD3. In this group, humoral responses were improved, as evidenced by increased virus neutralization, tgD-specific early IgG1, and later IgG2a titers, while the strong cell-mediated immune responses, measured based on specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-secreting cells, were maintained relative to pMASIA-tgD. Modulation of the immune response might have been due in part to the effect of BNBD3 on dendritic cells (DCs). In vitro studies showed that murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) pretreated with aBNBD3 were activated, as evidenced by CD11c downregulation, and were functionally mature, as shown by increased allostimulatory ability. Native, synthetic, and analog forms of BNBD3 were equally capable of inducing functional maturation of BMDCs.
Workers as Owners: An Empirical Comparison of Intra-Firm Inequalities at Employee-Owned and Conventional Companies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based on a sample of three employee-owned and seven conventional companies, this study empirically tests the theoretical claim that employee ownership and management reduces inequality at the firm level. Inequality is broadly defined as the unequal distribution of income, wealth, power, prestige, and privileges, as well as the existence of social boundaries between classes. Results, based on questionnaires, interviews, and study of workers' wages, reveal a more equal distribution of all of the above rewards among the worker-owners of the three employee-owned and managed companies in contrast to the distribution of those among employees of the conventional firms. Implications of results are discussed and further research suggestions are presented.
What is the impact of longer patient travel distances and times on perioperative outcomes following revision knee replacement: a retrospective observational study using data for England from Hospital Episode Statistics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Patients undergoing revision total knee replacement (RevKR) surgery often have difficulties mobilising and increasingly rely on family support. Evolving practice in England aims to manage these patients in specialised centres with the intention of improving outcomes. This practice will result in longer travel distances and times in this frailer group of patients. We want to examine the types of distances and travel times patients can be expected to travel for this complex orthopaedic surgery and to explore concerns of how these impact patient outcomes. Design Retrospective observational study from the Hospital Episode Statistics. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between patient travel distances and times with perioperative outcomes. Setting Patients presenting to tertiary referral centres between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019. A tertiary referral centre was defined as a trust performing >49 revisions in the year prior. Participants Adult patients undergoing RevKR procedures for any reason between 1 January 2016 ando 31 December 2019. Exposure The shortest patient level travel distance and time was calculated using the Department of Health Journey Time Statistics using Transport Accessibility and Connectivity Calculator software and Dijkstra’s algorithm. Main outcome measures The primary outcome is emergency readmission within 30 days. Secondary outcomes are mortality within 90 days and length of inpatient stay. Results 6880 patients underwent RevKR at 36 tertiary referral centres. There was a weak correlation between social deprivation and travel distance, with patients from the most deprived areas travelling longer distances. Overall, 30-day readmission was not statistically associated with longer driving distance (OR 1.00 95% CI 0.99 to 1.02) or peak driving times (OR 1.00 95% CI 0.99 to 1.01). Conclusions There was no association between increasing travel distance and time on perioperative outcomes for RevKR patients.
The Grotesque Tradition in the Short Stories of Charles Bukowski

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The style and themes central to Bukowski's prose have roots in the literary tradition of the grotesque. Bukowski uses grotesque imagery in his writings as a creative device, explaining the negative characteristics of modern life. His permanent mood of angry disgust at the world around him is similar to that of the eighteenth-century satirists, particularly Jonathan Swift. Bukowski confronts the reader with the uglier side of America--its grime, its corruption, the constricted lives of its lower class--all with a simplicity and directness of style impeccably and clearly distilled. Bukowski's style is ebullient, with grotesquely evocative descriptions, scatological detail, and dark humor.
Generation of terahertz pulses with arbitrary elliptical polarization

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We employ two different methods to generate controllable elliptical polarization of teraherz (THz) pulses. First, THz pulses are generated via optical rectification in nonlinear crystals using a pair of temporally separated and perpendicularly polarized optical pulses. The THz ellipticity is controlled by adjusting the relative time delay and polarization of the two optical pulses. We generate mixed polarization states of single-cycle THz pulses using ZnTe, and elliptically polarized multicycle THz pulses in periodically poled lithium niobate crystals. Second, we generate elliptically polarized THz pulses by making a THz “wave plate” using a combination of a wire-grid THz polarizer and a mirror to transform linearly polarized multicycle THz pulses into elliptical polarization.
Knowledge, attitude and utilization of evidence-based practice among nurses in Tertiary Hospitals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The increase demand for healthcare, technology advancement and knowledge explosion has necessitated a paradigm shift from nursing practice which was based on intuition and tradition to evidence-based practice in nursing. EBP is a concept that has not been widely utilized by most nurses working in clinical setting in Nigeria according to previous documentation. Therefore, this study aimed to explore and describe the perception and utilization of evidence-based practice among nurses working in Federal Teaching Hospital in Edo state. A cross sectional descriptive survey design was adopted to assess the perception and utilization of evidence-based practice among nurses working in tertiary hospitals in Nigeria; Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital and University of Benin Teaching Hospital both in Edo State. A sample size of 334 nurses working in the two teaching hospitals in Edo state was obtained using a proportionate sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection was a standardized tool titled “evidence-based practice questionnaire. Data collected were coded and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics of chi-square to summarize and describe the characteristics of the respondents and establish the relationships of the study variables and the respondents’ demographic characteristics. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the nurses are RN/RM (51.8%, n=158) while only (25.5%, n=87) are degree holder. The study further revealed that majority of the respondents has a good knowledge of evidence-based practice (90.2%, n=275). There was a significant association between the nurses’ years of working experience and their knowledge of EBP (p = .030). There was also a significant relationship between knowledge of EBP and it utilization (p=.001). Hence, there is need for the hospital managements and nursing leader’s to motivate nurse to continue to use evidence-based practice as a tool to provide nursing services that is safe, sound, high quality, cost effective. Furthermore, evidence-based practice culture and mentors should be created within the hospitals.