jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study of space charge in the ICARUS T600 detector

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The accumulation of positive ions, produced by ionizing particles crossing\nLiquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LAr-TPCs), may generate distortions of\nthe electric drift field affecting the track reconstruction of the ionizing\nevents. These effects could become relevant for large LAr-TPCs operating at\nsurface or at shallow depth, where the detectors are exposed to a copious flux\nof cosmic rays. A detailed study of such possible field distortions in the\nICARUS T600 LAr-TPC has been performed analyzing a sample of cosmic muon tracks\nrecorded with one T600 module operated at surface in 2001. The maximum track\ndistortion turns out to be of few mm in good agreement with the prediction by a\nnumerical calculation. As a cross-check, the same analysis has been performed\non a cosmic muon sample recorded during the ICARUS T600 run at the LNGS\nunderground laboratory, where the cosmic ray flux was suppressed by a factor\n$\\sim 10^6$ by 3400 m water equivalent shielding. No appreciable distortion has\nbeen observed, confirming that the effects measured on surface are actually due\nto ion space charge.\n
FARADAY ROTATION DATA: BANGKOK, THAILAND

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The data contained in this bulletin are experimental results obtained by analyzing Faraday rotation records obtained from the S-66 (Explorer 22) radio beacon satellite. Half-wave dipole antennas are used to receive 20-, 40-, and 41-MHz unmodulated signals. The rotation rate technique is applied to calculate the equivalent vertical electron content from a portion of the record near the transverse position. The electron content is calculated at the transverse position.
Supplementary Figure S1 from A PDE3A-SLFN12 Molecular Glue Exhibits Significant Antitumor Activity in TKI-Resistant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Fig. S1. PDE3A mRNA expression in PDX tumors and <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of OPB-171775</p>
The relationship between expression of caveolin-1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in pancreatic cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To study the relationship between the expression of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) or metastasis in human pancreatic cancer.Methods The Cav-1 protein and EMT markers in highly metastatic pancreatic cancer cell lines (L3.7,Panc02-H7) and poorly metastatic pancreatic cancer cell lines (COLO357,Panc02) was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence.The morphology of the pancreatic cancer cells were observed under phase-contrast photomicrographs.The plasmids pcDNA3.1-caveolin-1 and control vector pcDNA3.1 were transfected into COLO357 cells by Lipofectamine LTX.The expression of Cav-1 protein,E-cadherin and vimentin were detected,and the morphology of COLO357 cells observed.Results L3.7 and Panc02-H7 cells had strong positive Cav-1 staining and high expression of mesenchymal marker (vimentin,N-cadherin) and low epithelial marker (E-cadherin,β-catenin),whereas COLO357 and Panc02 cells with typical epithelial morphology were weak positive in Cav-1 staining and of low expression of vimentin,N-cadherin and high expression of E-cadherin,β-catenin.In Cav-1 transfected COLO357 cells vimentin expression increased,and E-cadherins decreased resulting in typical morphology changes of EMT.Conclusions Overexpression of caveolin-1 is correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer cells and cancer metastasis.

Key words:
Pancreatic neoplasms; Caveolin 1; Neoplasm metastasis; Epithelia-mesenchymal transition
Reading Digital Denmark: IT Reports as Material-Semiotic Actors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During the past decade, several governmental reports have discussed how information technology can transform Danish society. Most important among these reports is Digital Denmark from 1999.In this article, the authors examine how to analyze Digital Denmark by considering two strategies for engaging reports. The first aims at uncovering and making explicit hidden assumptions or ideologies in the text. This approach is called “reading against the text.” The second approach—inspired by science, technology, and society studies—considers where a text goes and what it does rather than how to critically interpret it. Texts may be read as material-semiotic actors, having effects on their environment that exceed or bypass discussions of content or motivation. This approach is called “reading with the text,” and the authors argue that traveling with Digital Denmark makes visible the limitations of critical analyses, while adding agency to the report as it moves in between practices.
Processing of signals from fiber Bragg gratings using unbalanced interferometers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) have become preferred sensory structures in fiber optic sensing system. High sensitivity, embedability, and multiplexing capabilities make FBGs superior to other sensor configurations. The main feature of FBGs is that they respond in the wavelength domain with the wavelength of the returned signal as the indicator of the measured parameter. The wavelength is then converted to optical intensity by a photodetector to detect corresponding changes in intensity. This wavelength-to-intensity conversion is a crucial part in any FBG-based sensing system. Among the various types of wavelength-to-intensity converters, unbalanced interferometers are especially attractive because of their small weight and volume, lack of moving parts, easy integration, and good stability. In this paper we investigate the applicability of unbalanced interferometers to analyze signals reflected from Bragg gratings. Analytical and experimental data are presented.
Electro Steam Thermal Complex Powered by Wind-Driven Generator for the Treatment of the Oil Formation’s Bottomhole Area

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this article authors propose application of the wind-driven power units as power source of bottomhole electric steam generator for the thermal high-viscosity oil reservoir stimulation. The structure of the electro steam thermal complex is proposed. An analysis of the wind energy potential in the areas where the largest high-viscosity oil deposits in Russia are located is carried out. As part of the complex under consideration, the type of the dependence of the bottomhole electric steam generator’s power on the formation depth has been established. The calculation of the required installed capacity of wind power plants for placement as part of the electro steam thermal complex at the largest high-viscosity oil deposits in Russia has been performed.
Materials Data on Hf4N3 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Hf4N3 is MAX Phase-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R3m space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of three Hf4N3 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. there are four inequivalent Hf sites. In the first Hf site, Hf is bonded to six N atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing HfN6 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 2°. There are three shorter (2.29 Å) and three longer (2.32 Å) Hf–N bond lengths. In the second Hf site, Hf is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three equivalent N atoms. All Hf–N bond lengths are 2.23 Å. In the third Hf site, Hf is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three equivalent N atoms. All Hf–N bond lengths are 2.29 Å. In the fourth Hf site, Hf is bonded to six N atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing HfN6 octahedra. There are three shorter (2.22 Å) and three longer (2.27 Å) Hf–N bond lengths. There are three inequivalent N sites. In the first N site, N is bonded to six Hf atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing NHf6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 2°. In the second N site, N is bonded to six Hf atoms to form a mixture of corner, edge, and face-sharing NHf6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 47°. In the third N site, N is bonded to six Hf atoms to form a mixture of corner, edge, and face-sharing NHf6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–47°.
A Process for High Rate Acetic Acid Production

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel method for increasing the rate of acetic acid production particularly for concentrations greater than 10% (w/v) has been developed. Acetic acid productivity is increased to twice that found in current practice. The improvement involves a two stage process and can be readily implemented in existing plants. In the first stage of the process, a supply of active bacterial cells is produced as a seed for a second stage which is used to produce acetic acid concentrations greater than 10%. Control of the two stages is critical to ensure that the productivity gains can be effected. The performance characteristics of the process are detailed.
Traumatic Brain Injury: The Silent Epidemic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become the hallmark injury of both the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, and as compared with previous conflicts, the chances of surviving a TBI have greatly improved. However, the numbers of soldiers with TBIs, described as “staggering” by the media, believe the true scope of the problem. According to data from the Centers for Disease Control (2004) civilians sustain an estimated 1.4 million TBIs annually in the US, resulting in 50,000 fatalities, 235,000 hospitalizations, and 1.1 million patients who are treated and then released from the ER to an uncertain future.
RETRACTED: An eigenvector method based consistency improving procedure for fuzzy and multiplicative preference relations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper proposes a consistency improving procedure for fuzzy preference relations. Fuzzy consistency index (FCI) and fuzzy consistency ratio (FCR) are developed to measure the consistency level for complete (or incomplete) fuzzy reciprocal preference relations (FPRs). The principal eigenvector i s used for priorities deriving from a complete (or incomplete) FPR. Two criteria are proposed to identify and locate the most inconsistency judgments. A practical iterative algorithm is developed to improve the consistency for FPRs based on the eigenvector method. Based on the transformation between the FPR and the multiplicative preference relation (MPR), the proposed method also can be used to improve the consistency of complete and incomplete MPRs. The improved FPRs or MPRs are the nearest preference relations to the original ones, which aims to retain the original judgements as much as possible. Finally, examples are illustrated and comparative analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Influence of additives on electrical characteristics of ion-selective polymeric membranes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

New ion-selective membranes based on polyimide polymeric matrix with synthetic ionophores to be used to obtain potentiometric ion sensor were characterized in terms of electrical parameters. Polyimide based polymeric membranes were characterized as regards the a.c. impedance and electrochemical analyses. The experiments put in evidence the influence of the membrane composition on the electrochemical answer of the sensor. It was concluded that the addition of the lipophilic agent in the selective membrane composition results in membranes with higher dielectric constant. The dielectric constant of the polymeric matrix of the ion-selective devices based on neutral carriers presents an important influence on selectivity.
Design of an Anomaly Detection Framework for Delay and Privacy-Aware Blockchain-Based Cloud Deployments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cloud-based deployments face increasing threats from various types of attacks, necessitating robust anomaly detection frameworks to safeguard against potential security breaches. Existing solutions, such as RSSI, GTM, and APG, though effective to a certain extent, exhibit limitations in terms of precision, accuracy, and scalability. To address these shortcomings, this paper proposes a novel anomaly detection framework that integrates multimodal feature analysis, deep learning models, and QoS-aware sidechains to enhance the prediction accuracy of cloud attacks and optimize blockchain-based cloud installations. By maximizing feature variance across different sample types and leveraging advanced deep learning techniques, the proposed approach significantly outperforms conventional methods in terms of precision, accuracy, recall, and AUC performance. Furthermore, the framework demonstrates superior efficiency in block mining delay, energy consumption, and throughput, making it highly suitable for real-time cloud attack prediction scenarios. The proposed methodology represents a significant advancement in anomaly detection and cloud security, offering a comprehensive solution for addressing challenges in blockchain-based cloud deployments. Thus, the proposed anomaly detection framework employs both Deep Learning and Blockchain technologies. Using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), the system examines system logs and identifies unusual behavior patterns associated with different attacks. Using Blockchain technology, the framework ensures the transparency and integrity of system logs, and Deep Learning models provide precise and timely anomaly detection. The decision to combine Deep Learning and Blockchain technology is justified by the merits of each technique. The distributed, immutable ledger provided by blockchain technology makes it impossible to tamper with system logs and ensures the accuracy of anomaly detection. While, deep learning models, have exceptional pattern recognition abilities and can adapt to changing attack methods, resulting in high precision, accuracy, recall, and AUC metrics. Analyses of experimental data demonstrate that the proposed framework is effective. The framework achieves impressive performance metrics, such as low delays, 98.5% precision, 99.4% accuracy, 98.3% recall, and 99.2% Area Under the Curve (AUC).
Diet of Cattle EgretBubulcus ibisChicks in an Intensively Managed Farmland in South Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The diet of chicks was investigated in an intensively managed farmland in South Africa, after a prolonged drought, during the second brood (February/March). In comparison with other African studies, a larger proportion of frogs (mainly juvenile Pyxicephalus adspersus frogs) and a smaller proportion of grasshoppers (locusts and crickets) was recorded. This may have been due partly to exceptionally low rainfall rather than to different habitat or geographical location. The large proportion of locusts and flies in the diet indicates that the Cattle Egret may play an important role in pest control.
The Eigenspace of Stratified Deep Water Under Modified Gravity and Coriolis Effect

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Eigenspace is a mathematical concept that is used to describe the set of all possible eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a linear operator. Within the context of deep water stratification under gravity modification and Coriolis effect, eigenspace plays an important role in understanding the dynamics of the deep water regime. Eigenspace is the vector space spanned by all eigenvectors corresponding to a given eigenvalue of a linear operator. In stratified deep water, the density variations modify the effective gravitational force experienced by fluid parcels, producing a slightly reduced buoyancy effect compared to the standard gravitational acceleration. These factors can cause the water to move in complex ways, and eigenspace can be used to describe the different modes of motion that are possible. The eigenspace of the linearized equations of motion for stratified deep water was used to identify wave modes such as internal gravity waves and inertial (Coriolis) waves. Importantly, we studied the regime of deep water stability under gravity modification and Coriolis effect. By examining the eigenvalues of the linearized equations of motion, we determined whether the deep water is stable or unstable, and if it is unstable, we identify the modes of motion responsible for the instability. The model is based on the Navier-Stokes equations, which describe the motion of fluid in a velocity field. The equations are modified to account for the effects of modified gravity and the Coriolis effect, which can cause the fluid to move in a curved path. The model is then solved using a combination of analytical and numerical techniques. The results show that the stability of stratified deep water under gravity modification and Coriolis effect is determined by a number of factors, including the magnitude of the modified gravity, the magnitude of the Coriolis effect, and the depth of the water. The model also shows that the stability of deep water regime under modified gravity and Coriolis effect conditions can be significantly different from that of deep water under normal gravity. The model has a number of potential applications, including the study of ocean currents and the design of underwater vehicles. It can also be used to study the stability of other fluids, such as gases and plasmas, under similar conditions
Vegan attendance: reading Gibbons’s animals

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When we encounter the work of Grinling Gibbons, we find ourselves in the presence of multiple non-human animals. However, it is unclear how one should address these presences. On the one hand, for ecofeminist scholars such as Josephine Donovan, the aestheticization of animal death is to be vehemently resisted and the embodied presence of animals recovered by looking beyond the surface: a mode of looking that Donovan terms ‘attentive love’. On the other hand, a re-reading of the philosophical ideas of Simone Weil, upon which Donovan premises her argument, suggests that attention to others requires a mode of radical detachment. These two positions speak in important ways to the dilemmas faced by a vegan spectator. Drawing on Jason Edwards’s previous work on ‘the vegan viewer’, this article seeks to reconcile a vegan resistance to Gibbons’s depictions of animal death, in their spontaneous falling under human dominion, with the aesthetic pleasure generated by Gibbons’s craftmanship. I therefore propose ‘vegan camp’ as a means of reconciling oneself to insufficiency and complicity in systems of violence without renouncing pleasure. Vegan camp is detailed as an aesthetics that acknowledges the violence of humanity and one’s inescapable place within it, dissolving the subjective idea of the beautiful vegan soul to pay attention to the pervasive presence of an anthropocentrism that, in the case of Gibbons, decoratively adorns the sites at which animals might be eaten, worn, or offered up for sacrifice.
Additions and Corrections - Structure of Gossypol. XXIV. Attempts to Prepare Desapogossypolone Tetramethyl Ether

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections - Structure of Gossypol. XXIV. Attempts to Prepare Desapogossypolone Tetramethyl EtherRoger Adams, T Geissman, B Baker, and H TeeterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 12, 3551Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1941Publication History Published online24 July 2002Published inissue 1 December 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01857a621https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01857a621research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views22Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
1 2 3 Chapter 8 Assessing Financial System Integrity—Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Both the World Bank and IMF have long been involved in international efforts to strengthen financial sector supervision and to promote good governance, which, among other things, both contribute to reducing financial crime and enhance the integrity of the international financial system. Since 2001, the Bank-Fund involvement in those issues has been intensified, with a sharper focus on both anti-money-laundering (AML) measures and efforts aimed at combating the financing of terrorism (CFT). Both the Bank and the Fund have worked closely with the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF), the standard setting body in this area, to develop a methodology for assessing the observance of international standards on the legal, institutional, and operational framework for AML–CFT. 1 The Bank and the Fund conduct assessments of AML–CFT regimes as part of the FSAP assessments and, in the case of the Fund, as part of OFC assessments. Assessments are also conducted as part of the mutual evaluations for FATF members, which are done by FATF or FATF-style regional bodies (FSRB). 2 The FATF standards draw on and complement a wide range of United Nations (UN) conventions and resolutions that promote international cooperation in preventing and containing drug trafficking, organized crime, corruption, and efforts to finance terrorism. In addition, all financial supervisory standards have core principles to enhance knowyour-customer (KYC) rules, suspicious transactions reporting, and other due diligence requirements that help to support AML–CFT regimes. Box 8.1 contains an overview of key UN conventions and resolutions that complement FATF standards, and box 8.2 highlights key aspects of financial sector supervisory standards that support an effective AML–CFT regime. Money laundering is “transferring illegally obtained money or investments through an outside party to conceal the true source. ” 3 The number and variety of transactions used 4 5
Birth and growth of a two-dimensional universe

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A master equation for the evolution of two-dimensional universe is derived\nbased on the simplicial quantum gravity regarding the evolution as the Markov\nprocess of a space-time lattice. Three typical phases, expanding, elongating\nand collapsing phase, which have been found in the numerical simulation, are\nstudied together with their boundaries, analytically. Asymptotic solutions of\nthe evolution equation for statistical quantities, such as averaged area,\nboundary length, and correlation of fluctuations, are obtained for each phase\nand boundary.After introducing a physical time the cosmological significance of\neach phase is discussed.\n