jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Power consumption of electric centrifugal pumping plants under extraction of highly watered oil

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Relevance. Currently, oil fields in Russia are mainly developed using the method of artificial maintenance of reservoir pressure to achieve high oil recovery. The use of artificial impact on productive formations by the method of water injection contributes to the premature irrigation of production wells. Water content of productive layers in oil fields significantly complicates the technology of oil production. With the increase in water content of the surface fluid, the power consumed by the engine increases. Minimization of energy consumption is quite relevant, as oil is produced with significant expenditures of electrical energy. It is important to investigate the dependences of the electric energy consumption on the well water cut. Aim. To study the dependence of energy consumption of submersible electric centrifugal units operated in oil production wells on water cut. Methods. Submersible electric centrifugal installations for oil production. Results. In order to study the effects of formation water cut on electrical energy specific consumption, wells with a water cut of more than 90% were selected. Using the formula, the authors have calculated the electrical energy specific consumption for oil production. The analysis of the results of the calculated data showed that in producing wells with a water cut of up to 90 %, the average specific electric power consumption for oil production is within the recommended standards. In wells with the water cut more than 90%, the average specific electric power consumption for oil production exceeds recommended specific norms of electric energy consumption during operation of oil producing wells equipped with electric centrifugal installations. Based on calculated data, the dependence of the specific electrical energy consumption for oil production on the water cut of reservoir products was plotted, and wells with a water cut of more than 90% were selected. The analysis of the graphical dependence showed that in wells with an oil water cut of more than 90%, the specific energy consumption reaches maximum values ​​(the specific energy consumption increases by 40%).
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Funding Atlas is published by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), the self-governing organisation of the research community in Germany. The analysis in the Funding Atlas focuses on German higher education institutions, especially universities. A large majority of the data presented on third-party funding and (international) funding for individuals originates from the funding institutions named in the Funding Atlas. The success of the Excellence Initiative, implemented between 2007 and 2017, provided good reason to follow it up with the funding instrument known as the Excellence Strategy. As well as the subject and thematic profiles of individual universities, the context of their cooperation is an important topic of the Funding Atlas. Beginning in 2019, the federal and state governments will make an additional €533 million available for the funding of basic research on a long-term basis.
Impact of Calorie Intakes on the Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p><strong>Aim:</strong> To examine whether caloric intake during the first week of age influences the risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in extremely preterm infants.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: In this retrospective cohort study, all infants born with gestational age < 29 weeks over 30 months period were eligible for the study. Infants with major congenital anomalies and those who died before 36 weeks postmenstrual age were excluded. We compared the nutritional characteristics between infants who developed BPD and those without BPD.</p>
Health impacts of heatwave under different heatwave definitions: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Heatwave effects on human health and wellbeing is a great public health concern, especially in the context of climate change. However, no universally consistent heatwave definition is available. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the heatwave definitions used in the available literature published up to 1st April 2015 by searching five databases (PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science). Random-effects models were used to pool the effects of heatwave on total and cardiorespiratory mortality by different heatwave definitions. Results: Existing evidence suggests a significant impact of heatwave on mortality, but the magnitude of the effect estimates varies under different heatwave definitions. Heatwave-related mortality risks increased by 4% (using "mean temperatures ≥ 95th percentile for ≥ 2 days" as a heatwave definition), 3% (mean temperatures ≥ 98th percentile for ≥ 2 days), 7% (mean temperatures ≥ 99th percentile for ≥ 2 days) and 16% (mean temperatures ≥ 97th percentile for ≥ 5 days). Heatwave intensity plays a relatively more important role than duration in determining heatwave-related deaths. Conclusions: Heatwaves significantly increase mortality across the globe, but the effect estimates vary with the definition of heatwaves. City- or regional-specific heat health early warning systems based on identified local heatwave definitions may be optimal for protecting and preventing people from the adverse impacts of future heatwaves.
Impact of emotional appeal on non‐profit advertising: A neurophysiological analysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The number of Non‐Profit Organisations (NPOs) has increased in the past years, and they rely on advertising to communicate their causes. Although the effectiveness of NPO advertising has been studied previously, there is still no consensus about which appeal (emotionally positive or negative) increases its effectiveness. On the other hand, the most prevalent research approaches to NPO advertising are traditional research methodologies based on declarative techniques. So, the purpose of this study is to identify which appeal (positive or negative) in NPO advertising is more effective at the three levels of effectiveness (perceptual or communicational effectiveness, psychological or attitudinal effectiveness and behavioural effectiveness), providing a new approach based on the analysis of consumers' unconscious responses to advertising. We conducted an experiment with 113 participants whose neurophysiological responses were evaluated through electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye tracking (ET) while they watched NPO advertisements with a randomly assigned emotional appeal (positive or negative). In addition, a survey revealed behavioural responses. The results showed that considering the psychological or attitudinal effectiveness, positively framed ads are more effective, as there is a positive effect on attitudes towards the ad and a higher positive emotional valence. On the other hand, in perceptual effectiveness, where attention is considered an important variable, the negatively framed ads showed more significant time in the area of interest (AOI) of the image area of the ad, and longer time in the AOI text was observed for positively framed ads. Furthermore, regarding behavioural effectiveness, negatively framed ads seem more effective in eliciting actual donations. The results suggest that a positive appeal is more effective in generating a more positive attitude and a positive emotional valence towards the advertisement, which could benefit the NPO in the long term. But a negative appeal is more effective if the goal is to achieve immediate donations.
Association of anxiety, balance, and walking speed among post-menopausal women with the degenerative joint disease of the knee: a cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Menopause is often associated with musculoskeletal complications like demineralization of bone, loss of muscle mass, and degenerative joint diseases. Osteoarthritis of the knee is the most common degenerative joint disorder among post-menopausal women. There is a complex interaction between perceived anxiety, experience of pain, and limitations of function among post-menopausal women. AIM: To determine the association of anxiety levels in postmenopausal women with osteoarthritis in worsening balance and walking speed. METHODS: This cross-sectional study design was conducted between May and July 2023, according to STROBE guidelines. Post-menopausal females with knee osteoarthritis were recruited from a private hospital, in Chennai, India. Based on the pain anxiety symptom scale (PASS-20) score they were categorized into women with and without anxiety. All participants underwent the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and 4-meter walk test to identify their balance and walking speed. The collected data were analyzed appropriately using Chi-square statistics and regression methods. RESULTS: The mean age of 100 participants recruited in this study was 49.66 + 6.3 years. The average time of onset of osteoarthritis in the participants was 49.28 months. The study identified that 49% of post-menopausal women with osteoarthritis had anxiety symptoms. Anxiety was significantly associated with an increase in age (P = 0.017) and duration from attaining menopause (P = 0.005). TUG test performance was significantly poor (P = 0.005) in individuals with anxiety. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression demonstrated that anxiety is not associated with balance and walking speed in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION: The presence of anxiety in post-menopausal women with osteoarthritis did not affect balance and walking speed outcomes. Age, duration of menopause, and body weight were found to be significantly associated.
The Relationship Between 14C Urea Breath Test Results and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte and Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratios

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are used as inflammatory markers in several diseases. However, there are little data regarding the diagnostic ability of NLR and PLR in Helicobacter pylori. We aimed to assess the association between the 14C urea breath test (14C-UBT) results and NLR and PLR in H. pylori diagnosis. Methods: Results of 89 patients were retrospectively analysed in this study. According to the 14C-UBT results, patients were divided into two groups: H. pylori (+) and H. pylori (-) (control group). Haematological parameters, including hemoglobine, white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, NLR, platelet count, and PLR were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean total WBC count, neutrophil count, NLR and PLR in H. pylori (+) patients were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.001 for all these parameters). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cut-off value for NLR and PLR for the presence of H. pylori was calculated as ≥2.39 [sensitivity: 67.3%, specificity: 79.4%, area under the curve (AUC): 0.747 (0.637-0.856), p<0.0001] and ≥133.3 [sensitivity: 61.8%, specificity: 55.9%, AUC: 0.572 (0.447-0.697), p<0.05], respectively. Conclusion: The present study shows that NLR and PLR are associated with H. pylori positivity based on 14C-UBT, and they can be used as an additional biomarker for supporting the 14C-UBT results.
Retinal Microangiopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The capillary perfusion of 14 eyes with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and 14 eyes with retinal branch vein occlusion was assessed by wide-angle fluorescein angiography. Regional perfusion was directly correlated with visual sensitivity determined by OCTOPUS-automated static perimetry. Visual function was found to correlate linearly with capillary perfusion in both diseases. Occasional foci of decreased visual sensitivity that corresponded to a region of good capillary perfusion were found in the central fields of diabetics. Although capillary dropout appears to be the major cause of decreased visual sensitivity in microangiopathy, local metabolic factors may also play a role. Further studies are required to determine whether foci of decreased function are predictive of future capillary dropout or neovascularization.
Intentionally Interprofessional Palliative Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this book is to explore the state of the art related to interprofessional palliative care practice and education, focused on the unique synergy of interprofessional palliative care teams that is greater than the sum of the work of the distinct professions on the team. The palliative care team often overlaps across professional boundaries in their daily activities, creating a unique collaborative perspective. The book explores both the unique specialty contributions of each profession and the shared specialty palliative care activities that all professions on the team are expected to perform. Strong professional identities are key to healthy interprofessional teams. When each professional knows their distinctive role within the team, misunderstandings and defensiveness diminish and curiosity and supportiveness about the others’ unique contributions blossoms. The book is divided into three sections. The first section is an overview of the discipline of palliative care, terminology, roles of team members, and theories of interprofessional collaboration. The second section explores interprofessional palliative care education, beginning with theory and evidence and then application in academic settings, clinical learning environments, and continuing education. The third section examines interprofessional practice in a variety of settings including hospice, hospital, outpatient clinics, and home. The book concludes with a chapter focused on an aspirational future for palliative care and a final chapter that synthesizes the concepts presented throughout the book with a focus on intentionally interprofessional palliative care.
The Qualitative and Quantitative Relationship of Monochromatic Radiation to Sexual and Asexual Reproduction of Pleospora herbarum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARYThe electromagnetic radiation requirements for the induction of the sexual (perithecia) and asexual (conidia) reproduction in Pleospora herbarum (status imperfectus Stemphylium botryosum) were determined with monochromatic radiation in the visible and ultraviolet wave lengths at intensities of 100 and 300 μw/cm2. Colonies were irradiated at 2378 Å, 2537 Å, 2803 Å, 3131 Å, 3663 Å, 4046 Å and 5461 Å (band width 132 Å) over exposures ranging from a minimum of 1/50 second to a maximum of 20,000 seconds. Conidia were induced by wave lengths 2378 to 3663 Å inclusively, but not by longer wave lengths. Two wave lengths, 2378 Å and 3131 Å, appeared to be most efficient in inducing conidial production over a wide range of exposures. Wave lengths effective in inducing perithecial formation were in general quite similar to those for conidia, though a few perithecia were initiated at 4046 Å but none at 5461 Å. The initiation of both sexual and asexual reproductive processes was dependent on wave length, length of exposure and intensity. The dosages necessary to induce reproduction decreased with decreasing wave length. Dosages causing inhibition of sporulation were similarly dependent on wave length, length of exposure and intensity and were least at high intensities and at the shorter wave lengths. The qualitative and quantitative radiation requirements for sexual and asexual reproductive processes though fairly similar showed some marked differences: lower dosages were adequate for both the induction and the inhibition of perithecia than for conidia; the wave lengths effective in inducing perithecia extended slightly further into the visible spectrum than for conidia; wave lengths of 2378 and 3131 Å were most efficient for producing conidia, but not for perithecia.The location of perithecia in relation to the surface of the medium was also related to wave length and dosage. With increase in dosage and decrease in wave length, perithecia tended to form submerged in the medium.Qualitatively and quantitatively, the radiation requirements for the induction of conidial production in P. herbarum were almost identical with those previously reported for Ascochyta pisi. It is suggested, therefore, that a similar photoactivated reproductive mechanism is probably involved in these two species of fungi.
Be the pain-attacking offensive midfielder – local anaesthetic blocks every practice can utilise

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

What is the job of attacking offensive midfielder in soccer? The position will be somewhere between the midfield and the forward line, which means that they’ll be able to influence the “attack” high up in the field. Local anaesthetics (LA) are similar. LA used to be the only pain management available to veterinary practitioners, whether small or large animal practice, some 40 years ago. These blocks were used to stop any nerve impulses produced by cutting during surgery. LA are currently used to reduce peri-operative pain, procedural pain and hopefully prevent chronic pain. This article will review a “how to guide” to provide local blocks.
Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of manganese toxicity, tolerance, and amelioration with silicon in snapbean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Plant genotypes within species differ widely in tolerance to excess manganese (Mn) that may occur in acid soils, or in neutral or alkaline soils having poor aeration caused by imperfect drainage or compaction. However, Mn tolerance mechanisms in plants are largely unknown. Silicon (Si) is reported to detoxify Mn within plants, presumably by preventing localized accumulations of Mn associated with lesions on leaves. Because Mn is paramagnetic, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, shows promise as a tool for characterizing toxic and non‐toxic forms of Mn in tolerant and sensitive plants. The objective of our study was to use EPR to: i) determine the chemical/ physical state of Mn in Mn‐tolerant and ‐sensitive snapbean cultivars; and ii) characterize the protective effects of Si against Mn toxicity. Manganese‐sensitive Wonder Crop 2 (WC) and Mn‐tolerant Green Lord (GL) cultivars of snapbean were grown at pH 5.0, in a greenhouse, in a modified Steinberg solution containing: Mn=0.05mg.L‐1 (optimal); Mn=1.0mgL‐1 (toxic); Mn=1.0 mg L‐1 plus Si=4 mg L‐1; and Mn=0.05 mg L‐1 plus 4 mg Si L‐1. All trifoliate leaf samples exhibited a 6‐line EPR signal that is characteristic of hexaaquo Mn2+. In both cultivars, a higher EPR Mn2+ signal‐intensity generally correlated with lower total leaf mass, higher total Mn concentrations and more pronounced symptoms of toxicity. Tolerance to excess Mn coincided with lower Mn2+ signal intensity. Silicon treatments ameliorated Mn toxicity symptoms in both genotypes, decreased total leaf Mn concentrations, and decreased EPR Mn2+ signal intensity. Results suggest that Mn toxicity is associated with reduced electron transport and accumulation of oxidation products in leaves. Amelioration of Mn toxicity by Si is regarded as connected with a reduction in this Mn‐induced process. Results indicated that EPR spectroscopy can be useful in investigating the biochemical basis for differential Mn tolerance in plants. The EPR observations might also help plant breeders in developing Mn‐tolerant cultivars.
Why do Polls Underestimate Mid-sized Parties in Indonesia?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract. Indonesian public opinion surveys consistently underestimate support for five mid-sized parties: PKB, PKS, NasDem, PAN, and PPP. This paper explores whether this consistent underestimation is the result of social desirability bias, late decisions or late mobilization, candidate-driven voter preferences, or sampling design. I find some evidence that parties with stronger mobilization networks and more candidate-centric strategies are more likely to be underestimated. A simulation study suggests that sampling design does not systematically disadvantage the parties in question. While social desirability bias is a possible cause of the downward bias, scholarly literature casts doubt on the social undesirability of expressed support for the parties. Further research should examine whether the types of voters who support the five underestimated parties might be harder to reach in surveys. Public opinion pollsters should consider noting in public statements that these mid-sized parties have tended to outperform their polls on election day. Keywords: Public opinion surveys; mid-sized parties; social desirability bias; pollster; sampling design; Indonesia. Abstrak. Survei-survei opini publik Indonesia pra-pemilu secara konsisten menemukan dukungan kepada lima partai menengah: PKB, PKS, NasDem, PAN, dan PPP cenderung lebih rendah dibanding hasil aktual pemilu. Artikel ini menginvestigasi apakah prediksi yang lebih rendah dan konsisten ini merupakan akibat dari bias keinginan sosial (social desirability bias), pilihan elektoral atau mobilisasi yang telat, preferensi pemilih yang digerakkan oleh kandidat, atau desain pengambilan sampel. Naskah ilmiah ini menemukan bukti bahwa partai-partai dengan jaringan mobilisasi yang kuat dan strategi yang lebih berpusat pada kandidat cenderung kurang tercermin dinamika elektabilitasnya dalam survei. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa desain sampling tidak secara sistematis berkontribusi atas kegagalan survei dalam memprediksi dukungan partai-partai menengah. Meskipun bias keinginan sosial adalah faktor yang memungkinkan penyebab angka elektabilitas yang terekam dalam survei cenderung rendah, literatur ilmiah sejauh ini meragukan bahwa bias tersebut merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh untuk kasus ini. Perlu studi lebih lanjut untuk mengkaji apakah sekelompok pemilih yang mendukung lima partai menengah yang mencatat bias dukungan lebih rendah di atas mungkin lebih sulit dijangkau dalam survei atau tidak. Lembaga-lembaga survei sebaiknya mempertimbangkan untuk menyampaikan kepada publik bahwa partai-partai menengah ini pada hari pemilihan cenderung mendapat dukungan lebih besar dibanding prediksi-prediksi survei pra-pemilu. Kata Kunci: survei opini publik; partai menengah; bias keinginan sosial; lembaga survei; desain pengambilan sampel; Indonesia.