jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determination of aconitine and tetrandrin in separate and compatible decoction of Radix Aconiti and Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Object To determine the variety of aconitine and tetrandrin in decocting Radix Aconiti and Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae separately and compatibly, and explore the mechanism of synergy between above two decocted herbs. Methods TLCS was used to determine the contents of aconitine and tetrandrin in separate decoctions and compatible decoction, respectively. Results The contents of both aconitine and tetrandrin were less in compatible decoction than in separate ones. Conclusion A scientific basis is provided by the compatible decoction of the two herbs for more effective and attenuate use.
Development of P/Q capability chart for grid-connected PV system

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The brief summary of Zhang Qiyu’s Final Year Project is provided in this report. The objective is to develop a model which can produce optimum P corresponding to sets of irradiance data using MATLAB/Simulink software. After plotting the active power set point versus irradiance chart, the chart allows the student to analyze the voltage, current and power output for a photovoltaic plant. The project is divided into two parts. Firstly, the student is focused on developing a complete model using MATLAB/Simulink. In details, some irradiance data are introduced into a PV model. The power output from the model is passed through a DC-DC boost converter. Then the power is passed through a DC-AC inverter before being supplied into the grid. For the DC-DC boost converter, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is integrated to extract maximum power at different irradiance levels. The MPPT model has been successfully designed. Secondly, real-time data for 1kW and 2.7kW are verified with the data simulated from Simulink. To obtain the real-time data, National Instrument LABVIEW is implemented to log real-time data. Developing a P/Q capability chart for 1kW and 2.7kW PV plant could also be done using the proposed mothed. Fast and reliable measurement functions such as measurement results presentation and data acquisition are advantages of NI LABVIEW. Simulink detailed model iss successfully verified by comparing Simulink output active power and real-time logged active power. By developing this project, characterizing a PV plant in terms of P injection into grid is proven to be possible. This P capability chart can help students and engineers to calculate the unit of energy produced.
Analysis of plastic deformation and residual elastic strain in a titanium alloy using synchrotron x-ray diffraction

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the results of a study of elastoplastic deformation of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V subjected to four point bending prior to residual elastic strain measurements by high energy synchrotron diffraction. Both white-beam and monochromatic x-rays were used at the SRS Station 16.3 in order to record diffraction patterns as a function of beam position across the sample. This allowed the comparison between the two techniques to be readily made. Residual (elastic) strain was calculated as a function of position across the sample, based on different reflections of hcp titanium. Inelastic bending analysis was used to extract the plastic strains. The results demonstrate that (i) the level of plastic deformation can be deduced from the x-ray diffraction profile, (ii) the asymmetry of the material response to plastic deformation in tension and compression can be identified and (iii) differences in the behaviour of different grain groups can be seen.
revalence of musculoskeletal disorder and association with general health status in boroujen beekeepers 1397

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are among the main occupational and work-related diseases with different impacts on general health status of employees. Present study was performed for assessment of association between general health and musculoskeletal disorders among beekeepers of Boroujen.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, beekeepers were selected by census, in 2017. Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire and general health questionnaire (GHQ28) were used to collect data. Then, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS- software.Results: Mean of Ggeneral health score was (51.25±12.92) which was suspected to have disorders, and somatic, depression, social and anxiety indices were 12.4± 3.62, 11.43± 4.08, 14.05± 2.63 and 12.55± 4.15, respectively. Also, the most frequent musculoskeletal symptom, during the past 7 days, during the past 12 months, the deterrence of work in the past year was low back pain and knee pain. Although mean of general health score in beekeepers was poorer than normal. No significant correlations were found between general health and musculoskeletal disorder (p-value>0.05). Age, BMI, work experience were risk factor for musculoskeletal disorder.Conclusion: Findings of our study showed that beekeepers were suspected to have general health disorders and the most frequent musculoskeletal disorder was low back pain and knee pain.
Immune mechanism and clinical significance of macrophage to medullary hematopoietic injury of immune-related hematocytopenia patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Immune-related hematocytopenia (IRH) is considered to be related with the production of autoantibody, as well as the activation of humoral immunity which is stimulated by B lymphocyte. This study aimed to observe the levels of various cytokines in the blood serum and the in situ active state of macrophage (M φ ) in the medullary hematopoietic microenvironment of IRH patients, and to probe into the immune mechanism and clinical significance of M φ in hematopoietic cell injury. Methods ELISA is used to detect the IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, and IFN-γ levels in the peripheral blood serum of 376 patients in pre- and post-therapy. Cytochemistry and cell immunochemistry methods are used to observe the peroxidase (POX), nonspecific esterase (NSE), hemosiderin granules, and HLA-DR activity of M φ in the bone marrow of patients. Immunofluorescence is used to observe the expression of hemocyte antihuman globulin IgG antibody, lymphocytes CD4 molecule, M φ membrane FcγIIreceptor (FcγIIR), mannitose receptor (MR), IFN-γ, ICAM-1, IL-12, and IL-17A and the formation mechanism of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) hematopoietic cell islands (HI) in the medullary hematopoietic microenvironment of patients. Glucocorticoid is used for treatment on the basis of anti-infection therapy, and gamma globulin stoss therapy is used for the appearance of ADCC-type HI or serious M φ bloodthirsty phenomenon; if necessary, association of Cyclosporine A (CsA) should be used and chalybeate should be supplemented. Results In the patient group, the levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, and IFN-γ were increased. After treatment, the cytokine levels gradually became normal. The activated M φ in the marrow highly expressed NSE and POX, and M φ swallowed more hemosiderin particles, but the iron in the cytoplasm of immature erythrocytes decreased. The activated M φ expressed HLA-DR, MR, ICAM-1, IFN-γ, and IL-12. For patients with humoral immunity activation and bacterial infection, M φ weakly expressed IL-17A but highly expressed FcγIIR, and the phenomenon that ADCC-type HI broke pathological blood corpuscles often occurred; for the cellular immune activation along with virus infection, the white blood count (WBC) significantly reduced, M φ weakly expressed FcγIIR, secretory highly expressed IL-17A, and the phenomena that M φ adhered to, captured and swallowed blood cell often occurred. After four weeks of anti-infective and immunosuppressive therapy, nuclear apoptosis of M φ occurred in the bone marrow of patients, HI and bloodthirsty phenomenon disappeared, and the peripheral blood picture started to improve. Conclusions M φ is an important antigen presenting cell in the IRH marrow for hematopoiesis destruction and an immune effector cell of hematopoietic injury; infection can promote the activation of M φ , upregulate the impression of immune molecule and receptors, form ADCC HI, aggravate hematopoietic injury, and accelerate the destruction on hematopoietic cell.
Magnetic Contrasts as a Result of Hydrocarbon Seepage and Migration

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Hydrocarbon seeps in surficial marine sediments are of two types: active and passive. Active seeps occur where gas bubbles, pockmarks, or bright spots are visible on seismic profiles and where chemosynthetic communities are present in conjunction with large concentrations of migrated hydrocarbons (macroseeps). These generally occur where generation and migration of hydrocarbons from source rocks are ongoing today (at maximum burial) or where significant migration pathways have developed from recent tectonic activity. Passive seeps occur where concentrations of migrated hydrocarbons are usually low (microseeps) with few or no geophysical anomalies. These occur typically in areas where generation and expulsion is relict (no longer at maximum burial) or regional seals prevent significant vertical migration.The type of seepage controls the distribution of migrated hydrocarbons in the near-surface sediments and should dictate the sampling equipment and approach used to detect seeps. Active seeps are usually detected near the water-sediment interface, in the water column or at the sea surface, and at relatively large distances from major leak points. Most conventional sediment and water samplers can capture active seeps. The Gulf of Mexico, Santa Barbara Channel, and parts of the North Sea have active hydrocarbon seeps.Passive seeps can only be detected relatively far below the water-sediment interface and require samples to be collected near leak points. Sampling equipment must penetrate the zone of maximum disturbance or any shallow migration barriers. In areas where surficial sediments are coarse grained or compacted, conventional gravity corers will not work. Other options for subsurface sampling include vibracores, jet cores, and rotary cores. Precise location of samples (site-specific) using seismic profiles to locate leak points is critical to detect passive hydrocarbon seeps. The Beaufort and Bering seas, offshore Alaska, and parts of the North Sea contain passive seeps.
Flow microfluorimetric analysis of autoantibody reactions with parietal cell surface membranes in pernicious anaemia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Using flow microfluorimetry (FMF), 60 sera from patients with pernicious anaemia (PA) were examined for immunoreactivity with the surface membranes of viable canine parietal cells. FMF analyses showed that the percentage of parietal cells giving a surface staining reaction with a fluorescence intensity greater than 50 arbitrary units was 44.5 +/- 17.5% for sera from 60 patients with PA compared to 13.7 +/- 2.7% for sera from 14 patients with chronic active hepatitis, 10.7 +/- 6.7% for sera from 10 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 16.5 +/- 4.4% for sera from 50 healthy persons. Surface staining detected by FMF was restricted to parietal cells and abolished by absorption with parietal cell enriched preparations but not by absorption with dog or rat hepatocytes, dog or rat kidney cells, human fibroblasts, human AB red blood cells or dog gastric microsomes. The intensity of the parietal cell surface staining reactions correlated with the presence of antibody reactions with parietal cell surfaces previously demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy but did not correlate with the presence of microsomal or intrinsic factor autoantibodies. The results provide further support for the presence of a parietal cell surface reactive autoantibody distinct from the conventional parietal cell microsomal autoantibody.
Forum: Populist Radical Right & Illiberal Foreign Policymaking

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract What makes current radical right populists different from other historical radical right leaders of the 20th century? Are there more differences or similarities among populist radical right (PRR) in the Global South regarding how they perform foreign policy? How does the context – marked by contemporary globalization, regional interdependencies and power (geo)politics – influence their perceptions about their own capabilities and interests, but also about the international liberal order, its values and multilateral mechanisms? This forum addresses questions like these, offering theoretical, historical and contextual insights with concrete examples and case studies situated out of the Anglo-American spectrum. Different from traditional approaches to foreign policy analysis, the authors advance reflections about current phenomena such as illiberal foreign policymaking, anti-cosmopolitanism, religious nationalism and its transnational ties, and the re-personalization of sovereignty in the figure of the PRR. Therefore, it enriches the study of populism, radical right and foreign policymaking in IR, bringing to the debate the erosion of the liberal international order and the necessary questioning of Western-led globalization.
MGNREGA works and their impacts: A Rapid assessment in Maharashtra

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents the results of a survey of over 4100 works created under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and over 4800 randomly selected users across 100 villages in 20 districts in Maharashtra. It has two goals: the first was to verify the existence of the assets and the second was to elicit user perceptions of the problems and benefits they associate with the work. The survey indicates that 87% of the works exist and function and over 75% of them are directly or indirectly related to agriculture. A bulk of the rest constitutes rural roads that connect habitations to farms and provides access to agricultural markets. The study also finds that 92% of the randomly selected users paper that their main occupation is farming; half of them are small and marginal farmers, owning less than 1.6 hectares of land. An overwhelming 90% of respondents considered the works very useful or somewhat useful; only 8% felt the works were useless. There is some evidence that where people feel that have played a part in deciding the type of work, these are more likely to be ranked as useful and well-maintained. Likewise, works on private lands tend to score better in terms of perceived usefulness and in terms of present condition. Overall it appears that the works are supportive of agriculture and of small and marginal farmers. There is however scope to improve the design of assets and to have a more inclusive process of work selection.
Spanish in Contact in the Peruvian Amazon: An Examination of Intervocalic Voiced Stops

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Spanish is in contact with many languages, in diverse regions, a situation that has been studied in depth from numerous perspectives (see Diaz-Campos 2011). Nonetheless, relatively little attention has been devoted to the Amazon, where Spanish is in contact with dozens of less well-known languages (Dixon & Aikhenvald 1999, Aikhenvald 2012). In a recent treatment of Peruvian Amazonian Spanish, Jara Yupanqui (2012) notes that a number of historical and ideological factors have contributed to the development of Spanish within this region, including the prehispanic existence of an indigenous lingua franca, the role of Jesuit missions and subsequent land owners in the spread of Spanish, as well the surge in migration from other highland, coastal, and Portuguese-speaking regions due to the rubber trade and later oil extraction. The current study adds to our knowledge of the Spanish spoken in this region, specifically a variety which has emerged due in part to contact between Spanish and Bora, an Amazonian language spoken along the Amazon basin of Colombia and Peru (Thiesen 1996). Similar to a number of indigenous communities in this region (Cerron-Palomino 1989, Freeland 1996, Thiesen & Weber 2012), ethnically dominant Bora communities are shifting to Spanish. Bora has a phonological inventory that is different from Spanish (Thiesen & Weber 2012), including the lack of voiced stops, which raises questions regarding the phonological inventory of bilingual speakers of these two languages. In the current investigation we begin to address these issues with an experimental analysis of Spanish voiced stops produced by bilinguals from three Bora-Spanish communities of the North-Western Amazonian region of Peru. The data of the present study are drawn from sociolinguistic interviews and community-wide surveys from these communities. Subsequently, we compare these data to that of monolingual Spanish speakers residing in Iquitos, the capital city of the Loreto department of Peru. In Iquitos, Spanish is the lingua franca although the city is surrounded by a number of other bilingual indigenous communities, such that the Spanish monolinguals living there may also be in contact to varying degrees with other contact varieties of Spanish. The main focus of our linguistic analysis is the realization of voiced intervocalic stops. We adopt a laboratory approach in order to measure the degree of lenition or consonant weakening word-internally (Colantoni & Marinescu 2010, Hualde, Simonet & Nadeu 2011). Results indicate that the phonological inventories of the bilingual Bora-Spanish speakers demonstrate non-standard production of intervocalic stops, while the Iquitos speakers’ production of intervocalic stops approaches that of monolingual varieties from other Spanish-speaking regions. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: in the subsequent sections of this introduction we describe the sociolinguistic background and phonological inventories of the languages in contact, as well as provide a brief synopsis of two
EVALUATION OF THE ANALGESIC EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF INTRAVENOUS PARACETAMOL IN COMPARISION TO INTRAVENOUS TRAMADOL FOR POST - OPERATIVE ANALGEISA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims: To compare the efficacy of IV Paracetamol versus IV Tramadol for post-operative pain relief in cases undergoing lower abdominal surgery.METHODS AND MATERIAL: The study included 150 patients aged between 18-50 years of ASA I and ASA II physical status who underwent elective lower abdominal surgery.The patients were divided into two groups of seventy five patients each.Group P received IV Paracetamol 15mg/kg and Group T received IV Tramadol 2mg/Kg.Parameters recorded in our study were pain score, sedation score, pulse rate, mean arterial pressure, SpO2 duration of analgesia, total number of rescue analgesics, and complications like Nausea and vomiting, hypotension, bradycardia and respiratory depression.The magnitude of change occurring in the different groups at each interval was also compared.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Student T test, Mann whitney test, Chi square test, analysis of variance.RESULTS: The demographic profiles were comparable among the two groups.The mean duration of post-operative analgesia was 372.40 ±60.46 minutes in Group P and 369.86 ±64.39 minutes in Group T(P>0.05).The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were comparable in both the groups.The number of doses of rescue analgesia required in postoperative period was similar.Sedation score was assessed in both group and it was found that tramadol group subjects were more sedated compared to the paracetamol group.Complications like nausea and vomiting were found more in tramadol group than paracetamol group.CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous paracetamol is a safer and effective non-opioid analgesic for the treatment of postoperative pain in patient undergoing lower abdominal surgery.
Precise measurement of the $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow D_{s}^{\ast+}D_{s}^{\ast-}$ cross sections at center-of-mass energies from threshold to 4.95 GeV

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The process $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow D_{s}^{\ast+}D_{s}^{\ast-}$ is studied with a semi-inclusive method using data samples at center-of-mass energies from threshold to 4.95 GeV collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider. The Born cross sections of the process are measured for the first time with high precision in this energy region. Two resonance structures are observed in the energy-dependent cross sections around 4.2 and 4.4 GeV. By fitting the cross sections with a coherent sum of three Breit-Wigner amplitudes and one phase-space amplitude, the two significant structures are assigned masses of (4186.5$\pm$9.0$\pm$30) MeV/$c^{2}$ and (4414.5$\pm$3.2$\pm$6.0) MeV/$c^{2}$, widths of (55$\pm$17$\pm$53) MeV and (122.6$\pm$7.0$\pm$8.2) MeV, where the first errors are statistical and the second ones are systematic. The inclusion of a third Breit-Wigner amplitude is necessary to describe a structure around 4.79 GeV.
Surgical cure of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome--a comparison of two techniques.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Curative arrhythmia surgery for patients with symptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) was first performed in South Africa in November 1987. Pre-operatively all patients were symptomatic despite medical therapy, and 32% were assessed as being at risk for sudden death. The first 9 patients (November 1987 to December 1989) underwent either epicardial or localised endocardial surgical dissections, and a cure was obtained in 66%. Aberrant atrioventricular conduction recurred in 2 patients, 3 degrees atrioventricular heart block occurred in 2 patients, and there was 1 postoperative death in a patient who had undergone simultaneous coronary artery bypass grafting. In contrast, a standardised endocardial technique was used in the subsequent 10 patients. Surgical cure was obtained in all 10 patients (P < 0.01). However, 1 patient required reoperation 24 hours after the first procedure because of early postoperative recurrence due to initial incorrect pathway localisation. This was successful. There were no deaths, and no patient developed atrioventricular heart block. In view of the excellent surgical results, arrhythmia surgery should be considered in select WPW patients who either have refractory symptoms or are at risk for sudden death. Furthermore, this reliable surgical technique provides an essential back-up should alternative interventional procedures such as percutaneous radiofrequency ablation fail.
[The use of neoadjuvant intra-arterial polychemotherapy in the treatment of cancer of the genitalia].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Results are submitted of employment of intraarterial superselective polychemotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumors of female genital organs in 106 patients; of these, forty individuals presented with carcinoma of the neck of the womb, 33 with tumours of the trophoblast, 18 had carcinoma of the ovaries, and 15 carcinoma of the body of the womb. A clinical analysis was done of the results obtained as were clinical-morphological correspondences (there has been studied a therapeutic pathomorphosis of the tumours) depending on the disease stage, individual schemes of polychemotherapy. The greatest benefit from the above treatment occurred in proliferative and invasive vascular mole and choriocarcinoma; patients with carcinoma of the neck and body of the womb derived less benefit, those with carcinoma of the ovaries experienced the least therapeutic effect. Intraarterial polychemotherapy permits the generative function to be preserved in trophoblast disease, the percentage of operability to be raised in carcinoma of the neck and body of the womb.