jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase regulates the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the Type I IFN response via the cGAS/cGAMP/STING-dependent pathway to defend against viral and bacterial infections. The role of cGAS in adaptive immunity is currently unknown. In this study, we determined whether cGAS also regulates T cell responses using mice deficient for cGAS. We found that cGas–/– mice develop ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, which correlates with defective Th1/Th17 responses. This reduced disease activity in cGas–/– mice is unlikely due to the expression cGAS in T cells because Rag1–/– and Tcrb –/– recipients receiving wild-type and cGas–/– CD4+ T cells develop a similar degree of EAE. Further analysis showed the reduced disease activity is due to expression of cGAS in myeloid dendritic cells rather than T cells, since when comparing Rag1–/– and cGAS –/–Rag1–/– recipients receiving wild-type CD4+ T cells, only the cGAS –/–Rag1–/– recipients exhibited reduced EAE. Therefore, our data suggest that cGAS expression in innate immune cells may indirectly regulate pathogenic Th1/Th17 responses during EAE induction.
How the acoustic resonances of the subglottal tract affect the impedance spectrum measured through the lips

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Experimental determinations of the acoustic properties of the subglottal airway, from the trachea below the larynx to the lungs, may provide useful information for detecting airway pathologies and aid in the understanding of vocal fold auto-oscillation. Here, minimally invasive, high precision impedance measurements are made through the lips (7 men, 3 women) over the range 14–4200 Hz during inspiration, expiration, and with a closed glottis. Closed glottis measurements show the expected resonances and anti-resonances of the supraglottal vocal tract. As the glottis is gradually opened, and the glottal inertance decreases, maxima in the subglottal impedance increasingly affect the measured impedance spectrum, producing additional pairs of maxima and minima. The pairs with the lowest frequency appear first. Measurements during a cycle of respiration show the disappearance and reappearance of these extrema. For a wide glottal opening during inspiration, and for the frequency range 14–4200 Hz, the impedance spectrum semi-quantitatively resembles that of a single, longer duct, open at the remote end, and whose total effective length is 37 ± 4 cm for men and 34 ± 3 cm for women. Fitting to simple models of the subglottal tract yields mean effective acoustic lengths of 19.5 cm for the men and 16.0 cm for the women in this study.
Reduction of postoperative infection rate in hip surgery: collaborative effort between orthopedic surgeons and control-of-infection team.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The success of a collaborative program between the ward staff and the control-of-infection team in reducing postoperative infection in patients undergoing hip surgery in a university hospital is described. The program was used to detect infection, to introduce control measures and to evaluate their effectiveness. The infection rate dropped from 25.7 to less than 1.0%, and this low rate was maintained over the 2 1/2 years of follow-up surveillance. The reduction in infection rate was associated with a six-day reduction (22.4%) in the duration of postoperative hospitalization.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Intra-Arterial Nicardipine Infusion Improves CT Perfusion-Measured Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Vasospasm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our aim was to determine the effects of intra-arterial (IA) nicardipine infusion on the cerebral hemodynamics of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH)–induced vasospasm by using first-pass quantitative cine CT perfusion (CTP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six patients post-aSAH with clinical and transcranial Doppler findings suggestive of vasospasm were evaluated by CT angiography and CTP immediately before angiography for possible vasospasm treatment. CTP was repeated immediately following IA nicardipine infusion. Maps of mean transit time (MTT), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were constructed and analyzed in a blinded manner. Corresponding regions of interest on these maps from the bilateral middle cerebral artery territories and, when appropriate, the bilateral anterior or posterior cerebral artery territories, were selected from the pre- and posttreatment scans. Normalized values were compared by repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Angiographic vasospasm was confirmed in all patients. In 5 of the 6 patients, both CBF and MTT improved significantly in affected regions in response to nicardipine therapy (mean increase in CBF, 41 43%; range, 9%–162%, P .0004; mean decrease in MTT, 26 24%; range, 0%–70%, P .0002). In 1 patient, we were unable to quantify improvement in flow parameters due to section-selection differences between the pre- and posttreatment examinations. CONCLUSIONS: IA nicardipine improves CBF and MTT in ischemic regions in patients with aSAHinduced vasospasm. Our data provide a tissue-level complement to the favorable effects of IA nicardipine reported on prior angiographic studies. CTP may provide a surrogate marker for monitoring the success of treatment strategies in patients with aSAH-induced vasospasm.
Treatment of neoplastic fever and sweats in two cancer patients with oxybutynin.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

128 Background: Treatment for neoplastic fevers and sweating (NFS) is usually accomplished successfully with non-steroidal drugs (NSAIDs) such as naproxen, but such therapies may be contraindicated in some patients due to drug interactions, bleeding diathesis, renal disease, or cirrhosis. Options for treating NFS in such patients are limited. Methods: We report the first use of oxybutynin (OxyB), commonly used for hyperhidrosis and increasingly used for hormonally mediated hot flashes (Smith TJ, NEJM 2018; Leon-Ferre R, SABCS 2018, under review in JNCI Cancer Spectrum, for NFS in NSAID-ineligible or refractory patients. Results: Two patients with NFS were treated. The first was a 70 year old (yo) woman with cholangiocarcinoma with 3 months of NFS for whom naproxen was ineffective and who was starting chemotherapy. Within 2 hours after 2.5 mg OxyB q12h her sweating was gone, and her fever, which had been up to 100.4F, never resumed. The second was a 52 yo male with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma who was prescribed 2.5 mg q12h OxyB with lysis of his fever within hours and cessation of his sweating. To date, over one month has passed with no reduction in efficacy. Conclusions: OxyB may be a successful treatment modality for patients with NFS who cannot be treated with or are refractory to NSAIDs. Further research is warranted to ensure stability of results over time and to monitor for side effects.
[Subtalar luxation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fourteen cases of subtalar dislocation were reviewed after an average period of observation of 13 years (5-27 years). Ten dislocations were medial and four were lateral. Two dislocations were open and, in seven of the cases, dislocation fractures were present. No cases of avascular necrosis of the talus were found. Three patients developed severe arthrosis and arthrodesis was performed in two of these. In cases of subtalar dislocation without fractures or dislocation fractures which did not involve the joints surrounding the talus, the prognoses were good. In cases of open dislocations or dislocations with intra-articular fractures, the prognoses were less favorable.
Percutaneous Transluminal Ballooning Angioplasty for Flap Salvage in a Complex Lower Extremity Reconstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: The treatment of lower extremity trauma with extensive soft tissue defects requires a multidisciplinary approach. Following precise bone fixation, appropriate soft tissue reconstruction is a major requisite. We present a case of a severe lower extremity injury caused by an excavator bucket that fell on the patient’s foot, which was reconstructed with multiple perforator flaps after concise bone fixation. During the treatment, we repeatedly experienced threatened flaps, which could not be recovered with emergent re-explorations. Although vascular occlusion after a free flap surgery may be rare, it poses a major challenge. It necessitates urgent re-exploration, but there are logistical challenges with providing sufficient resources for endovascular revascularization. We attempted an immediate postoperative angioplasty after the failure of surgical re-exploration as a salvage option and achieved successful flap survival. As the flap completely survived without complications, the patient could walk, with bearing his full weight without the use of any orthosis. Despite the development of new techniques for flap revision, which have increased the possibility of limb salvage, immediate postoperative endovascular revascularization can be considered as a salvage option in cases of a compromised flap.
Preferensi dan Perilaku Tokoh Masyarakat terhadap Perbankan Syariah di Kecamatan Sungai Pagu Kabupaten Solok Selatan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The development of Islamic banking in the Sungai Pagu sub-district of South Solok Regency┬á in terms of network operations, where the Bank Syariah Services Unit in Nagari Muaralabuh is the only Islamic banking institution operating in this area. The problem in this study is: What are the preferences and behavior of community leaders on Islamic banking in Sungai Pagu District.With the aim of knowing the preferences and behavior of community figures on Islamic banking in Sungai Pagu district, South Solok Regency. This research is a field study with a qualitative descriptive approach. Primary data sources are community figure involved┬á in BAMUS Nagari management of 55 people selected with purposive sampling techniques. Data collection techniques are conducted┬á through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documentation. The results revealed the preferences of respondents in the banking sector in Sungai Pagu district, South Solok Regency, with a percentage index above 60%, but this was not supported by good behavior from correspondents where the score index was below 60%. While the role of respondents in delivering and disseminating Islamic banking to the community is at 60%, meaning that good and community leaders are a medium of socialization and promotion of Islamic banking in this area
Comparison of Selected Kinematic Facebows Applied to Mandibular Tracing

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The study focused on the comparison between mechanical and computerized registration methods used by the two selected kinematic facebows. The material consisted of 35 women aged 18 to 35, studied using the Gerber Dynamic Facebow and the computerized ARCUSdigma II axiograph. To compare the devices the condylar path inclination (CPI) was recorded according to the Camper’s line, enabling the acquisition of easily comparable values based on which the devices were objectively and subjectively analyzed. Statistics was performed for the obtained data. The study showed that the values for the CPI registrated by the ARCUSdigma II are significantly higher than those obtained by using the Gerber Dynamic Facebow. The significant difference in the records of the CPI is most likely a result of the differences in the registration techniques assumptions. ARCUSdigma II provides the user with more diagnostic options than Gerber Dynamic Facebow. Mechanical facebow handling has a higher risk of hand-measuring errors in tracing procedure. Due to high discrepancy of achieved results from different systems the authors recommend to use articulator compatible with facebow whose measurement has been done.
Efficacité biopesticide de Hyptis spicigera Lam., Azadirachta indica A. Juss. et Euphorbia balsamifera Ait. sur le niébé Vigna unguculata L. Walp

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Biopesticide Efficacy of Hyptis spicigera Lam., Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Euphorbia balsamifera Ait. on Cowpea Insect Pests Controlling. Hyptis spicigera Lam., Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Euphorbia balsamifera Ait. biopesticide trial showed that their efficacy on cowpea insect pests controlling was lesser than deltamethrine. Plots treated with these plants extracts yielded more haulm than grain. Deep research undertaking is necessary to characterize these plants products and may be to enhance their biopesticide virtue.
Analysis of TESS observations of V844 Her during the 2020 superoutburst

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

I analyzed Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observations of the 2020 superoutburst of the SU~UMa-type dwarf nova V844 Her. This object showed "textbook" superhump stages A, B and C confirmed by modern satellite observations. The resultant figure can be used for an illustration of the concept of superhump stages under the Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC) licence. During the growing phase of superhumps, the period was initially close to, but slightly longer than the orbital period. Observers should pay attention to the presence of such a phenomenon not to confuse the phenomenon with early superhumps seen in WZ Sge stars. After the superoutburst, superhumps were detected for additional 18 d with the same period and no orbital signal was detected. Small wiggles with a period of ~0.5 d were recorded in the post-superoutburst phase and they may be the same phenomenon recorded in the Kepler data of the SU UMa star V585 Lyr.
Apomixis in Farmers’ Fields: Overview, Case Studies from Forage Grasses and Considerations for Future Apomictic Crops

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT - Apomixis occurs naturally in several commercially important species from diverse plant families. While in some of these species apomixis is yet to be exploited in breeding schemes aimed at fixing heterosis, genetic progress and cultivar development, in other species apomixis has been integrated at different stages of breeding. Some of the most relevant examples come from the subfamily Panicoideae, the second largest subfamily of the Poaceae, and are the main focus of this review. The subfamily encompasses many tropical and sub-tropical grasses and grains of worldwide economic importance. Apomictic tropical forages are prime examples of how apomixis can be used and exploited in the development of marketable cultivars, which are essential to the meat and milk production industries globally. The main commercial forages used as grass pastures covering millions of hectares in tropical and sub-tropical regions are polyploids exhibiting gametophytic apomixis that belong to the genus Urochloa spp. (brachiariagrasses) and to the species Megathyrsus maximus (guineagrass). Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) and Paspalum spp. are other important apomictic forages bred and used in these regions. Breeding involves large germplasm collections from the centers of origin of the species, and for most of them, sexually reproducing diploid plants have been found. Chromosomically duplicated plants that maintain sexual reproduction are used in crosses with apomictic genotypes for the development and selection of cultivars to be marketed or used as progenitors in subsequent breeding cycles. The peculiarities of each genus/species breeding programs, the cultivars obtained from these programs, and the impact of use of marker assisted selection in cultivar development are presented. In addition, the test or implementation of new technologies such as high throughput phenotyping, and the use of machine learning methods for trait prediction and genomic selection are positively impacting the selection and speed of development of new polyploid apomictic cultivars. Genetic transformation techniques, including genome editing, provide an additional layer for design of tailor-made, customer-oriented cultivars.
Minimum-storage regenerating codes resistant to special adversary

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Introduction: In order to deal with temporarily unavailable nodes in a distributed storage system, engineers apply special classes of erasure correction codes. These codes allow you to repair a temporarily unavailable node by downloading small amounts of data from the remaining ones. However, this creates safety threats in the presence of an eavesdropper. Purpose: Introducing a new mathematical model in which the eavesdropper has a limited access to all nodes in the system, and developing codes resistant to it. Methods: Information-theoretic arguments, and mixing information symbols with random ones by systematic Reed — Solomon code. Results: We introduced a new mathematical model of an eavesdropper with limited access to all nodes in a distributed storage system. Note that the proposed eavesdropper is passive, being unable to change the accessed data. We found parameters for optimal regenerating codes resistant to such adversary, and provided a technique to ensure necessary resistance. As a result, we obtained the construction of optimal minimum storage regenerating codes resistant to such adversary. Practical relevance: The proposed constructions can provide resistance to adversary while ensuring effective data repair.
Reversal of multiple drug resistance by tolyporphin, a novel cyanobacterial natural product.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effects of a novel porphyrin, tolyporphin, on P-glycoprotein-mediated multiple drug resistance in human ovarian and breast cell lines were characterized. Compared with parental SKOV3 and MCF-7 cells, the P-glycoprotein-overexpressing sublines SKVLB1 and MCF-7/ADR were 5- and 1.3-fold less sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of tolyporphin. Subtoxic doses of tolyporphin increased the sensitivity of the SKVLB1 and MCF-7/ADR cells to P-glycoprotein-transported drugs, but did not increase the antiproliferative effects of nontransported drugs. Tolyporphin also enhanced the accumulation of [3H]-vinblastine in SKVLB1 and MCF-7/ADR cells at doses approximately 10-fold lower than those required for similar responses to verapamil. In contrast, tolyporphin did not affect drug accumulation in SKOV3 or MCF-7 cells. Tolyporphin reduced [3H]-vinblastine efflux from SKVLB1 cells, reduced [3H]-vinblastine binding to membranes from SKVLB1 cells, and blocked the ability of [3H]-azidopine to photoaffinity-label P-glycoprotein in these membranes. These results indicate that tolyporphin binds to P-glycoprotein and inhibits the transport of cytotoxic natural product drugs. This novel natural product, and related compounds, may be useful for the reversal of multiple drug resistance and for further definition of the drug binding site(s) of P-glycoprotein.
Hepatic Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor Mimicking Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms, and liver PEComas are extremely rare. They are usually discovered incidentally, and diagnostic pitfalls are frequent owing to similar imaging characteristics to other liver neoplasms. We present a patient whose evaluation was consistent with a right-sided hepatocellular carcinoma for which right hepatectomy was performed. Based on the final histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry, a diagnosis of PEComa was made. Immunohistochemistry plays a crucial role in arriving at the diagnosis, and resection represents the standard of care. A long-term follow-up is recommended because the natural history of PEComas is unpredictable.
Deep-seated factors controlling the intracontinental orogeny of Yanshan Mountains.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Mesozoic intracontinental orogeny of the Yanshan Mountains developed on a weak zone within the craton. The main difference between intracontinental orogeny and epicontinental and intercontinental orogeny is that the former is controlled by deep-seated factors: (1) inherited tectonic activities; (2) the differential uplift of fault blocks; (3) evolution of active rift basins; and (4) acute tectonic disturbance of the lithosphere. Among them, the acute tectonic events of the lithosphere and the evolution of active rift basins are directly related to the upper mantle. The differential uplift of fault blocks indirectly reflects deep tectonic process. Inherited tectonic events were important controls on intracontinental orogeny and occurred throughout all stages of Yanshan deformation but with different appearances. These deep-seated factors vary with time and interact with one another. The most important factor controlling Yanshan intracontinental orogeny was variation of the deep-seated thermal regime. Intracontinental orogeny is the response of the upper crust to the dramatic movements of the lithosphere at different depths. Its essential tectonic processes are thickening and subsequent thinning of the crust and lithosphere, which results in not only deformation of rocks but also the uplift of the mountains.
AFM Studies on Phospholipid Bilayers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We have studied the morphologies of DPPC, POPC, and POPC/DPPC membranes at room temperature using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The membranes were lipid bilayers supported on mica surfaces. Lipid bilayers prepared by spin coating and vesicle fusion were compared. Both methods produce bilayers of similar thickness. However, spin coating results in more uniform lipid coverage. Because of the fluid nature of the bilayers, POPC (a low-melting lipid with Tm of -7 oC) present a more homogeneous morphology and a smaller bilayer thickness than DPPC (a high-melting lipid with Tm of 40 oC). The morphologies of binary mixtures of POPC and DPPC were obtained as a function of DPPC concentration. Lipid immiscibility is observed. Analysis of bilayer thickness suggests coexistence of POPC-rich and DPPC-rich domains. Addition of DPPC increases the fraction of the thicker-bilayer (i.e. DPPC-rich) domains, thus increase the average bilayer thickness of POPC/DPPC bilayers.
Response of Spawning Lake Sturgeons to Change in Hydroelectric Facility Operation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Spawning of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens was documented from 1987 to 1992 below the Prickett hydroelectric facility on the Sturgeon River, a tributary to Portage Lake, Michigan. Lake sturgeons were captured at the spawning site with dip nets during periods of reduced flow. A change in the spawning characteristics of the population was noted that corresponded to a change in the operation of the hydroelectric facility. In 1987 and 1988 the facility operated in a peaking mode, which resulted in large daily fluctuations in river flows. The years 1989 and 1990 were years of transition, and in 1991 and 1992 the facility released near run-of-the-river (ROR) flows. Under near-ROR flows, which were more natural, adult lake sturgeons spent 4–6 weeks less at the spawning sites, 74% more fish were observed, weights were greater due to a 68% increase in number of females, and fish had increased reproductive readiness. The change in flow regime was the result of a Federal Energy Regulatory Commission relicensing action. The positive response observed in lake sturgeon spawning activity that resulted from the change of facility operation to near-ROR flows should be beneficial to the survival and perpetuation of this population. Similar results may be experienced in other lake sturgeon waters affected by manipulated flow regimes.