jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Consciousness, Authoritarianism, and Political Violence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper "Consciousness, Authoritarianism, and Political Violence" by Stephan A. Schwartz explores the increasing instances of political violence in the United States, particularly among supporters of Donald Trump, who are often evangelical Christians. The study examines the psychological and sociological mechanisms that drive this violence, drawing on historical examples and psychological experiments, such as those by Stanley Milgram, to explain the phenomenon of authoritarian charisma. It highlights the growing authoritarianism worldwide and calls for a deeper understanding of these dynamics to mitigate their impact on society.
Reactions of some gossypol‐like pigments with aniline andp‐anisidine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Summary The gossypol‐like pigments, gossypurpurin and diaminogossypol, have been shown to react with aniline to give the same reaction product as does gossypol. These pigments also react with p ‐anisidine to give products whose absorption spectra exhibit maxima in the same positions as that of the reaction product of gossypol and p ‐anisidine.
Weed control and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield under application of different post-emergence herbicides.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of post-emergence application of herbicides on weeds reduction and yield parameters in wheat crop. Treatments comprised of post-emergence application of pyroxasulfone, clodinafop propargyl and pendimethalin alone and in various combinations and also non-treated group of wheat plot was considered as control (weedy check). Results revealed that the diversity of Phalaris minor (P. minor ), Avena fatua (A. fatua ) and Convolvulus arvensis (C. arvensis ) decreased ominously by all the herbicides compared to non-treated control. However, clodinafop propargyl at 60 g a.i ha -1 was found to be most effective as it severely reduced the weeds population as well as biomass with maximum mortality. Pyroxasulfone alone or with different combinations showed poor response as compared to weedy check. Maximum spike bearing tillers (354.50), number of grains spike -1 (59.50), 1000-grain weight (58.50 g), straw yield (6.52 t ha -1 ) and grain yield (4.73 t ha -1 ) were recorded in response of clodinafop propargyl at 60 g a.i ha -1 versus other
Retractable syringe

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A needlestick injury may pose a high risk of bloodstream infections for anyone if the needle carries HBV, HCV or HIV. Some safety syringe has been patented and been used in some clinics of American and other developed countries to reduce the chance of needlestick. The safety syringes are required to be further developed to make its safety feature more integral and friendly to the users. The student is required to study the design criteria based on the model in Patent US 7476215 B2. Dimensionless analysis are used to satisfy the general syringes with different dimensions. Experiments of different perimeter with different sizes are carried in MATLAB language program. From the results of the experiments, the student can predict the basic trend of the design perimeter, which are pressure, length and mass. Inside pressure and remaining length of the simulated cylinder can be affected by different area, different friction and different mass to be retracted: the inside pressure will increase with less time by increasing the area of the plate, by decreasing the friction between the plunger and the vacuum plunger seal and by decreasing the total retracted mass; the longer retracted length can be achieved by enlarging the plate diameter, by decreasing the friction between the plunger and the vacuum plunger seal and by decreasing the total retracted mass. A simulation based on the results of experiment is made to express the whole retracted process more clearly and visually.
MicroRNA Regulation of Energy Metabolism to Induce Chemoresistance in Cancers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Since “Warburg effect” has been firstly uncovered in cancer cells in 1956, mounting evidence has supported the molecular mechanism underlying the energy metabolism in induced chemoresistance in cancers. MicroRNAs can mediate fine-tuning of genes in physiological process. MicroRNAs’ energy metabolic role in chemoresistance has been probed recently. In this review, we summarize 5 microRNAs in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and other energy metabolism. They partially modulate chemoresistance to cancer treatments. Furthermore, we discuss the great therapeutic potential of metabolism-related microRNAs in novel combinatorial means to treat human cancers.
Apatite-Forming Ability of Glass-Ceramics Containing Whitlockite and Diopside in a Simulated Body Fluid

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Tricalcium phosphate (3CaO⋅P2O5, TCP) is known as a biodegradable material and already used clinically as important bone-repairing materials. However, the control of its bone-bonding ability, i.e. bioactivity, and biodegradability is not easy. On the other hand, diopside (CaO⋅MgO⋅2SiO2) ceramic shows a potential of direct contact with bone and high mechanical strength, but low biodegradability. We expected that a glass-ceramic containing TCP and diopside show high bioactivity and high mechanical strength, as well as biodegradability. Glasses with composition x(3CaO⋅P2O5)⋅(100-x) (CaO⋅MgO⋅2SiO2) (x = 0, 38, 50, 60 mass%) were prepared. They were pulverized and the compacts of the resultant powders were heated to obtain the glass-ceramics. Only diopside was precipitated at x = 0 in the glass composition, whitlockite (β-TCP) and diopside were at x = 38, 50 and 60, when the compacts were sintered at 1200 °C. The prepared glass-ceramics formed apatite on their surfaces in a simulated body fluid (SBF). This indicates that these glass-ceramics have a potential to show bioactivity.
157 Occupation and cancer: an alternative tool for evaluating the evidences

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives

Meta-analysis and pooled analysis are considered as a gold standard to summarise and to sift the biomedical evidences. In the framework of the Occupational Cancer Monitoring (OCCAM), it was developed a tool to assess the existence of an association between industrial sectors and cancer risk of a specific site so called “Literature Matrix” (LM), storing only positive literature results. The aim of this work is to challenge the adjusted results of this tool with those of meta-analysis studies.

Methods

To evaluate the effectiveness of LM to provide useful summary risk estimates, we compared formal meta analyses with the set of “positive” results provided by the matrix. Among the several associations provided in LM, some were selected for present study. For this exploratory study we limited comparisons to 7 areas: agriculture and hematopoietic cancers as a whole, agriculture and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), agriculture and leukemia, agriculture and multiple myeloma, transports sector and female breast cancer (compared with two different meta-analysis), transports sector and lung cancer and painters and bladder cancer.

Results

LM data, after adjustment with trim and fill method, show a substantial agreement with the correspondent meta-analysis, although results driven from LM data tend to an expected overestimation, but in most cases very slight. Results from LM data are always included between the limits of 95% CI of the correspondent meta-analysis, with the exception of Agriculture/NHL and Agriculture/All hematopoietic cancers. Results from LM data not adjusted are constantly farer from meta-analytic results, with the only exception of Painter/Bladder cancer analysis.

Conclusions

The collection of only positive results derived from the scientific literature, and the use of an appropriate statistical correction, allows for a useful estimation of cancer risk by site and economic branch and it can be used for interpreting results of surveillance systems and for public health purposes.
Pakistan’s search for a successful model of national political economy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines Pakistan’s search for a model of political economy capable of meeting the national objectives of industrialisation and accumulation of sufficient military power to deter India. It contends that the period of promise (1950s and 1960s) was made possible through heavy subsidies drawn from East Pakistan and the West. The resultant hubris blinded Pakistan’s rulers to growing discontent in the eastern wing of the country while encouraging them to take serious strategic risks against India. The unravelling of this strategy plunged Pakistan into a permanent crisis of its national political economy characterised by underdevelopment, internal and external fiscal imbalances, and a failure to mobilise national resources on a scale commensurate with its national goals. Experiments with socialism (1970s) and neo-classical economics-inspired structural adjustments (since the 1980s) have failed to deliver the desired outcomes and, in fact, entrenched Pakistan’s crisis of political economy.
Ṣûfism and Ethics [IO Bijapur 393A]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ṣûfism and Ethics. This manuscript is now IO Bijapur 393A in the India Office collections. [metadata: Otto Loth, A Catalogue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office, (volume 1), no. 614 here with further notations and hyperlinks]. 614. B 393A. Size 81/2 in.; foll. 32. Seventeen lines in a page. Another copy of the preceding work, imperfect at the end. Plainly written, on European paper, of the twelfth century.
Table_1_Do Big 5 Personality Characteristics and Narcissism Predict Engagement in Leader Development?.DOCX

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

<p>This study examines personality as a predictor of engagement behavior displayed during leader development programs. Leader development engagement behavior (LDEB) is measured by collecting self- and director ratings of behaviors displayed by undergraduate students during 1-year leader development programs (e.g., showing interest in a variety of topics, maintaining a positive attitude, arriving prepared for meetings, engaging with peers, and reflecting on development). Results suggest that factors of the Big 5 personality characteristics and the Narcissism Personality Inventory predict engagement behaviors in leader development. Post hoc analysis was conducted to better understand patterns of relationships between Big 5 factors and narcissism with specific LDEBs. Narcissism is negatively correlated with director ratings of reflection on development and engagement with peers. As a result of this research, leader development program directors should consider the benefits and risks of including narcissistic individuals in leader development programs.</p>
A requirement for Ca2+ in the extraction of O2-evolving Photosystem 2 preparations from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ca2+ has been shown to be essential for the retention of maximal O2-evolving activity in Photosystem 2 particles extracted by using dodecyldimethylamine oxide from Anacystis nidulans thylakoids. The effect cannot entirely be mimicked by using Mg2+. Ca2+ stimulates electron transport from diphenylcarbazide to 2,6-dichloroindophenol catalysed by lead-inhibited cation-free preparations, showing the presence of two cation-binding sites in these particles. Photosystem 2 preparations extracted in Ca2+-containing buffer show the presence of three polypeptides at mol. wt. 30000, 33000 and 36000, which are absent or much decreased in preparations extracted in Mg2+-containing buffer. The calmodulin antagonist chlorpromazine inhibits activity of the Photosystem 2 preparation, suggesting the presence of a Ca2+-binding protein.
Temporal Preparation in Athletes: A Comparison of Tennis Players and Swimmers With Sedentary Controls

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The authors aimed to investigate the effects of different sporting experience on nonspecific temporal preparation. They evaluated temporal preparation in tennis players (an open-skill sport) and their athletic (swimmers, a closed skill-sport) and nonathletic (sedentary students) controls using a go/no-go variable foreperiod paradigm in which one simple condition and two go/no-go conditions (central-go and mixed-go) were included, which can be used to study the temporal aspects of nonspecific preparation with decision making in inhibition with different levels of cognitive load. Tennis players responded faster than nonathletic controls while there was no significant difference relative to the athletic controls. Additionally, the main finding of the present study is that the difference in reaction time between tennis players and nonathletic controls was found selectively for short foreperiods in which temporal uncertainty is higher and less temporal preparation can occur. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed that superior temporal preparation was positively associated with enhanced go/no-go decision making in the higher difficulty condition. Our findings are consistent with tennis players showing superior temporal processing. The absence of a significant effect in athletic controls suggests that there is a specific benefit from tennis training and indicates that temporal preparation may be susceptible to modulation by fitness and appropriate training.
Research and Application of Sun Shadow Location Technology in Video Big Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a sun shadow location model for quickly determining and analyzing the location and time of the photographed object in video big data. Because the length of the object's shadow usually changed, it is related to some factors, such as the solar zenith angle, the solar azimuth angle and the geographical latitude of the object. So it proposes building the location information fingerprint database, which shows mainly the relation between the length of the object’s shadow and time by reasonable assumptions for the interception of the video data. Then, it is very convenient to predict the location and time of the taken object by indexing the target in database. Finally, some experimental results show that the proposed model can accurately locate the object.
Btg2 Enhances Retinoic Acid-Induced Differentiation by Modulating Histone H4 Methylation and Acetylation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Retinoic acid controls hematopoietic differentiation through the transcription factor activity of its receptors. They act on specific target genes by recruiting protein complexes that deacetylate or acetylate histones and modify chromatin status. The regulation of this process is affected by histone methyltransferases, which can inhibit or activate transcription depending on their amino acid target. We show here that retinoic acid treatment of hematopoietic cells induces the expression of BTG2. Overexpression of this protein increases RARalpha transcriptional activity and the differentiation response to retinoic acid of myeloid leukemia cells and CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. In the absence of retinoic acid, BTG2 is present in the RARalpha transcriptional complex, together with the arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 and Sin3A. Overexpressed BTG2 increases PRMT1 participation in the RARalpha protein complex on the RARbeta promoter, a target gene model, and enhances gene-specific histone H4 arginine methylation. Upon RA treatment Sin3A, BTG2, and PRMT1 detach from RARalpha and thereafter BGT2 and PRMT1 are driven to the cytoplasm. These events prime histone H4 demethylation and acetylation. Overall, our data show that BTG2 contributes to retinoic acid activity by favoring differentiation through a gene-specific modification of histone H4 arginine methylation and acetylation levels.
Mennonites at play : postmodern aspects of Low German drama

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For those approaching Mennonite culture with little or no previous knowledge, the official definition involves accounts of the martyrdom of early Anabaptists (the Mennonites' forerunners), a history of presecution, and a rigid biblical doctrine that persevered into the twentieth century. However, these aspects are matched, and countered, by a tradition of humour that existed alongside the more serious nature of Mennonitism. My thesis explores one expression of this humourous side of the culture in the Low German Drama created by Mennonites in Manitoba. My study explores the characterisitcs of Low German drama in order to determine both how it functions within the Mennonite community, and its position in relation to English-speaking, mainstream culture. A number of theories aid in my examination of these comic plays, and these can be categorized under the broad term "postmodernism". My discussion investigates Low German drama's subversive qualities, as well as how it probes questions of identity, ethnicity, and the status of women in Mennonite society. Located at the margins of both Mennonite and English-speaking, secular culture in Canada, the Low German comedy in my study holds many important social and theoretical implications with regard to these larger, surrrounding entities.
Container Drayage Operations at Intermodal Terminals: A Deterministic Annealing Approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter deals with pre- and end-haulage by road of containers handled by an inland intermodal barge terminal. Pre- and end-haulage by road represent an operational planning problem in intermodal freight transport. The efficiency of the road leg influences the competitive position of intermodal freight transport. A deterministic annealing algorithm is proposed to find near-optimal solutions with low computational effort. The algorithm is applied both as a post-optimizer and as an independent algorithm. Parameter settings are analysed with a fractional factorial design. Experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the deterministic annealing algorithm with respect to different problem characteristics and quality of the initial solution.
Malolactic fermentation of Tempranillo wine: contribution of the lactic acid bacteria inoculation to sensory quality and chemical composition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Malolactic fermentation (MLF) of Tempranillo Rioja wines (Spain) inoculated with two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were studied and compared with spontaneous MLF. Inoculation with selected Oenococcus oeni lyophila shortened MLF duration up to 19days and lead to wines with more fresh and fruity characters, especially when implantation was 100%. We demonstrated modifications in the concentration of volatile and nitrogenous compounds and a good correlation between analytical and sensory attributes was also noted. In addition, the low initial amino acid concentration and the consumption of these compounds by the inoculated yeast strain during alcoholic fermentation resulted in wines with very low biogenic amines levels (under 3.75mgL-1) after MLF and 3month storage period in all cases. The results showed the significance of choose the most suitable starter to elaborate quality wines and suggest the control of amino acid content in must and wine to prevent the formation of biogenic amines. © 2011 The Authors. International Journal of Food Science and Technology © 2011 Institute of Food Science and Technology.
Synthesis of Semiconducting Nanoparticles Using Infrared Radiation Assisted Stokes' Law: A Novel Approach

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The synthesis of nanomaterials and nanostructures is an important aspect of nanoscience and nanotechnology. New physical properties and applications of nanomaterials are only possible when nanostructured materials are made available with desired size, shape, morphology, crystal structure, and chemical composition. For this reason, in order to explore novel physical properties and phenomena to realize potential applications of nanomaterials, the ability to fabricate and process nanomaterials is the foremost cornerstone in the research and development of nanotechnology. This chapter provides a clear and concise understanding with detailed review work on the synthesis of nanomaterials through a kinetic approach using well-known Stokes' law for a free body falling in a quiescent and viscous fluid.
Interleukin-23 Drives Intestinal Inflammation through Direct Activity on T Cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

(Immunity 33, 279–288; August 27, 2010) In this paper, there was an error in Figure 1F . The histology panel on the left is incorrect; it is the same as the image on the right taken in a different frame. Thus, both images depict the liver of a Rag1−/− host transferred with Il23r−/− T cells. The correct image of a representative liver section of a Rag1−/− host transferred with WT T cells is published here, along with the rest of the figure. The authors regret any inconvenience this error has caused. Interleukin-23 Drives Intestinal Inflammation through Direct Activity on T CellsAhern et al.ImmunityAugust 27, 2010In BriefMutations in the IL23R gene are linked to inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility. Experimental models have shown that interleukin-23 (IL-23) orchestrates innate and T cell-dependent colitis; however, the cell populations it acts on to induce intestinal immune pathology are unknown. Here, using Il23r−/− T cells, we demonstrated that T cell reactivity to IL-23 was critical for development of intestinal pathology, but not for systemic inflammation. Through direct signaling into T cells, IL-23 drove intestinal T cell proliferation, promoted intestinal Th17 cell accumulation, and enhanced the emergence of an IL-17A+IFN-γ+ population of T cells. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Correction. Generalized Transition State Theory. Classical mechanical Theory and Applications to Collinear Reactions of Hydrogen Molecules

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCorrection. Generalized Transition State Theory. Classical mechanical Theory and Applications to Collinear Reactions of Hydrogen MoleculesBruce C. Garrett and Donald G. TruhlarCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1979, 83, 23, 3058Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1979Publication History Published online4 September 2003Published inissue 1 November 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100486a601https://doi.org/10.1021/j100486a601research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts