jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tarlov Cyst: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Case Report: Tarlov cyst is rare perineural cyst, which may be symptomatic and present with with low back pain, sciatica, coccydynia or cauda equina syndrome. Symptomatic tarlov cyst needs to be removed surgically. We present such a rare case of symptomatic sacral cystic mass (tarlov cyst) presenting with severe lower back pain for months which was successfully treated by sacral laminotomy and cyst excision. The aim of reporting this case was to create awareness among the surgeons regarding this rare entity and to include it in differential diagnosis of chronic low back pain.
Acupuncture Treatment of Delirium in Older Adults Hospitalized in Internal Medicine Departments: An Open-Label Pragmatic Randomized-Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Acupuncture seems to improve cognitive function in experimental models and to reduce agitation in dementia. The addition of acupuncture to standard-of-care (SOC) may improve clinical outcomes related to delirium in hospitalized older adults. Methods: This pragmatic open-label randomized-controlled trial evaluated 81 older adults hospitalized in an internal medicine ward and diagnosed with delirium. Fifty were randomized to daily acupuncture combined with SOC and 31 to SOC only for up to 1 week. Delirium was diagnosed using Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) tool, and its severity was assessed by the long CAM-Severity (CAM-S) tool. The primary study outcome was delirium resolution evaluated as time-to-first delirium remission (over 7 days) and the number of days spent delirium-free. Results: Time-to-first delirium remission was shorter in the acupuncture arm as compared to the SOC only arm (p < 0.001). A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed a shorter time-to-first remission of delirium in the acupuncture arm as compared with SOC arm [Hazard Ratio 0.267 (95% CI 0.098-0.726, p = 0.010)]. In the 7 days of evaluation, a significantly higher number of delirium-free days was found in the acupuncture arm compared to the SOC arm (p < 0.001), and CAM-S sum from day 2 to day 7 of evaluation was significantly lower in the acupuncture group compared to the control group (p = 0.002). No adverse safety event was found in the acupuncture group. Conclusion: Acupuncture seems to be safe and effective in the treatment of delirium in older patients hospitalized in internal medicine departments.
Systematic Evaluation of a Knee Exoskeleton Misalignment Compensation Mechanism Using a Robotic Dummy Leg

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The objective and quantitative assessment of physical human-exoskeletons interaction (pHEI) represents a pressing necessity in the wearable robots field. This process remains of difficult execution, especially for early stage devices, in which the inclusion of human testing could pose ethical and safety concerns. This manuscript proposes a methodology for pHEI assessment based on an active dummy leg named Leg Replica, which is able to sense interaction forces while wearing an exoskeleton. We tested this methodology on a wearable active knee exoskeleton prototype, with the goal to evaluate the effects of a misalignment compensation mechanism. Through this methodology, it was possible to show how the misalignment compensation mechanism was able to reduce the interaction forces during passive exoskeleton motion. Such reduction was less evident when the exoskeleton was active. The tests allowed to identify specific points of improvements for the exoskeleton, enabling a more specific upgrade of the device based on these experimental results. This study demonstrates the ability of the proposed methodology to objectively benchmark different aspects of pHEI, and to accelerate the iterative development of new devices prior to human testing.
Molecular characterization of the nearly complete nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence of the Neotropical freshwater copepod Arctodiaptomus dorsalis (Marsh, 1907) (Copepoda, Calanoida, Diaptomidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Arctodiaptomus dorsalis has been reported in the Philippines as an invasive species, which originated from Central America. Apart from its wide distribution in the United States and Central America, it is now widely distributed in many lakes in the Philippine islands, such as Luzon Island and southwestern Mindanao, making it an ideal specimen for studies on population dynamics and population genetics. Recently, new techniques have been emerging as important zooplankton monitoring tools, such as metabarcoding and the use of environmental DNA/environmental RNA. However, these would only be useful if good-quality reference DNA sequences are available before utilizing these techniques. This study sequenced the nearly complete nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) of A. dorsalis from 202 individuals from Lake Taal, Batangas. The total length was 5887 bp, which includes the partial 18S sequences, and the complete 5.8S, ITS and 28S sequences with an organization that is typical for any eukaryotic organism. This is the first record of a nearly complete nrDNA sequence for freshwater calanoid copepods and is considered an important stepping stone for further molecular studies in freshwater Copepoda.
Re-thinking school-university collaboration: Agenda for the 21st century

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Collaboration is a hard and challenging endeavor. It takes all the key players to make it happen. This paper discusses our current thinking about school-university collaboration. In it, we define what collaboration involves in the context of universities and schools. Next, we discuss what we believe are the essential benefits of effective collaboration to both universities and schools. Further, we explore the major areas of collaboration, principles of effective collaboration and road blocks to and the necessary conditions for successful collaboration. Finally, we present a theoretical framework relating to school university collaboration in the context of university and school partners which reflects the overall results in terms of student success. The paper concludes that collaboration is a shared endeavor by the partners involved to initiate and to sustain the partnership. This relationship must be built and nurtured on mutual trust.

Key words: School, university, collaboration, teachers, partnerships.
Publication rate of studies presented at veterinary anaesthesia specialty meetings during the years 2003-2008.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ObjectiveTo assess publication rates, factors predicting publication, and discrepancies between conference abstracts and subsequent full-text publications of abstracts from the veterinary meetings of the American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists and the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists from 2003 to 2008.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsA total of 607 abstracts were identified and a database search (Scopus, PubMed, CAB) was conducted to identify matching publications. Authors of nonmatching abstracts were contacted to participate in a confidential online survey. Risk ratios were used to assess factors predicting publication and these were tested for significance (p < 0.05) using Fisher's exact test.ResultsThe overall publication rate was 63.3% and the mean (± SD) time to publication was 25 ± 19 months. Factors significantly associated with subsequent full publication (i.e. publication of a full manuscript in a peer-reviewed journal) were continent of origin (North America), study design (experimental studies), specialty (analgesia) and the presence of a source of funding. The principal reasons why studies remained unpublished were lack of time and responsibility lying with co-authors. Minor changes compared with the original abstract were found in 71.6% of all publications. Major changes were noted in 34.6% and the outcome of the study changed in 7.6%.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThese data suggest that some of the abstracts reported preliminary findings. Therefore, caution is warranted when quoting abstracts as references in scientific publications. To date, major veterinary journals have not issued recommendations in their author guidelines addressing the use of abstracts as a reference. The authors propose the inclusion of such a statement in author guidelines.
Role of dopamine D receptors in controlling the expression of cocaine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

It is established that dopamine (DA) is an important brain mediator of the behavioral (i.e. sensitizing) effects of cocaine in rodents. Among DA receptors, recent findings point to engagement of DA D receptors in cocaine addictive actions. In the present study, we attempted to determine the role of DA D receptors in the expression phase of sensitization to cocaine in rats, using the selective ligands 7-OH-PIPAT (an agonist) and nafadotride (an antagonist) of these receptors. Repeated administration (1–5 days) of cocaine (10 mg/kg, ip) to male Wistar rats significantly enhanced the locomotor activation induced by its challenge dose given after 5-day withdrawal (on day 10). 7-OH-PIPAT (1 mg/kg, but not 0.01–0.1 mg/kg, sc) administered together with a challenge dose of cocaine significantly decreased the response to cocaine in rats treated repeatedly with cocaine. On the other hand, the expression of cocaine sensitization was increased when that drug was combined with nafadotride (0.4 mg/kg, ip) on day 10. The results indicate a role of DA D receptors in controlling the expression of cocaine sensitization in rats, and may suggest an importance of DA D receptor agonists in the therapy of cocaine abuse.
Ann Marie Kordas. The Politics of Childhood in Cold War America.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ann Marie Kordas recounts how young Americans were raised to fear communism and the Soviet Union during the period of the Cold War through a set of predictable images about the family, schools, gender, and juvenile delinquency, based heavily on educational films and other intentionally didactic sources. Still, occasionally even clichés hit home and The Politics of Childhood in Cold War America has some very solid materials on gender roles as they were enforced through films, toys, television, magazine advice columns, and other media. These can be cringe-inducing as the reader recognizes how blatantly American public culture tried to confine young women to roles that would make them pleasing dates and wives. But Kordas's account and the way she reads her various sources simplifies the story of the culture of American childhood as merely a response to the politics of the Cold War. Kordas thus attributes to the Cold War matters that had been developing since at least the 1920s, among them the influence of peer groups, the emphasis on popularity, and the importance of schooling. She examines films sponsored by organizations like the B'nai B'rith (after World War II!) in ways that miss their lessons. Thus she concludes about one such film, which asked viewers to decide how to resolve a racial dilemma: “As in most Cold War educational films, teenagers are left to solve their problems on their own” (p. 68), by which she does not mean they were free to draw their own conclusions, but left in a lurch about fundamental matters of decency and ethics. She consequently bypasses the traditional democratic ideals invoked by this film—with tolerance as its obvious byproduct—that relied on American children's good sense and democratic instincts. And the fear of emasculation and its consequences for national security, according to Kordas, were responsible for the emphasis on sharp gender divisions. (One begins to wonder what can possibly be left of American manhood or American men when our historiography so often portrays these as threatened and under siege.) In Kordas's telling, American children were described as and encouraged to be independent only as a propaganda ploy, in order to draw a strong contrast to Soviet children, and they became more important in the culture during this period so they would be ready to fight the USSR.
Complications of Students in Eliciting Mathematical Imagination

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the obstacles faced by students in eliciting mathematical imagination when solving mathematical problems. This research is a descriptive qualitative study. Subjects in this study consisted of 3 junior high school students, in which the subject was taken by purposive sampling technique. The data collection was done by using observation, testing and interviews. Meanwhile, data analysis techniques used include data reduction, data display, and conclusion. Drawing conclusion is done by triangulation. The triangulation used is the triangulation method. The result of this study are obstacles faced by student in eliciting the ability of mathematical imagination, namely lack of thoroughness and accuracy in giving conclusions to solving mathematical problems, lack of understanding of concepts about the material given, lack of ability to think of alternative answers, apart from solution found (creativity).
The CXCR4-CXCL12-Axis is of Prognostic Relevance in DLBCL and Its Antagonists Exert Pro-Apoptotic Effects in Vitro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In tumour cells of more than 20 different cancer types, the CXCR4-CXCL12-axis is involved in multiple key processes including proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Since data on this axis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are inconsistent and limited, we comprehensively studied the CXCR4-CXCL12-axis in our DLBCL cohort as well as the effects of CXCR4 antagonists on lymphoma cell lines in vitro. In DLBCL, we observed a 140-fold higher CXCR4 expression compared to non-neoplastic controls. Interestingly, high expression of CXCR4 was associated with poor clinical outcome. Furthermore, in corresponding bone marrow biopsies, we observed a correlation of CXCL12 expression and lymphoma infiltration rate as well as a reduction of CXCR4 expression in remission of bone marrow involvement after treatment. Furthermore, the niacin derivate of the CXCR4 antagonist AMD070, which was synthesized by us, demonstrated stronger pro-apoptotic effects than AMD070 in vitro and induced expression of certain pro-apoptotic genes in CXCR4 positive lymphoma cell lines. Finally, WK1 treatment resulted in reduced expression of JNK-, ERK1/2- and NF&kappa;B/BCR-target genes. These data indicate that the CXCR4-CXCL12-axis impacts the pathogenesis of DLBCL and represents a potential therapeutic target in aggressive lymphomas.
[Analysis of cone-mediated c-waves of the chicken ERG using the spectral sensitivity under monochromatic light adaptation].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ERG c-waves were recorded from eyes of anesthetized chickens by stimulating with monochromatic bright light ranging from 460 to 620nm, under yellow or red light adaptation, using various energy levels i.e. 1, 3, 4 and 5W/m2 at the corneal surface in the former, and 3, 4 and 5W/m2 in the latter. After recording a series of c-waves, the spectral sensitivity curve for each adaptation condition was obtained. Amplitude-intensity curves showed that amplitudes increased with increment of stimulus luminance. The energy required to release a response of a given criterion magnitude was determined at each of the wavelengths investigated. The peak wavelength of the spectral sensitivity curve of the c-wave under both yellow and red light adaptation was 520 or 540nm both of which were shorter than the peak wavelength (560nm) under white light adaptation. These results showed that under the yellow and red light adaptation the sensitivity of the c-wave response to monochromatic light in the longer wavelength range was suppressed, suggesting the possibility of isolating cone-mediated c-wave response. A peak (520 or 540nm) and a shoulder (580nm) in the spectral sensitivity curves were presumed to be derived from two types of cone systems.
Monetary Policy Rules in an Open Economy with Heuristics: Which Model Is Best?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The choices of policy targets and the formation of agents’ expectation have been critical issues for reconsidering monetary policy management since 2008. The purpose of this article is to evaluate macroeconomic stability in a New Keynesian open economy in which agents experience cognitive limitations. The (im)perfect credibility of various monetary policies (e.g., a Taylor-type rule, strict domestic inflation targeting, strict CPI inflation targeting, exchange rate peg) may lead agents to react according to their expectation rules, and then create various degrees of booms and busts in output and inflation. Therefore, relaxation of the rational expectation hypothesis has potential consequences for policy designs. Our simulations confirm that the business cycles induced by animal spirits are enhanced by strict inflation targeting. Furthermore, a Taylor-type (CPI or domestic inflation) rule or a credible exchange rate pegging system can improve social welfare and stability in an open economy.
Cell–Microsphere Constructs Formed with Human Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells and Gelatin Microspheres Promotes Stemness, Differentiation, and Controlled Pro‐Angiogenic Potential

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Translation of stem cell therapies to clinical stage requires viable delivery vehicles that can control stem cell behavior. In this study, the suitability of gelatin microspheres (GMs) as such a tissue engineering platform for human adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) is investigated. ADSCs on GMs, show a significant upregulation of well known pluripotent marker genes, together with the ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages of adipocytes, osteocytes, and hepatocytes. In addition, the pro‐angiogenic ability of ADSC‐GMs is also enhanced compared to ADSCs on 2D culture plates. These results suggest that GMs can be a suitable culture platform for ADSCs with enhanced therapeutic potential.
[Detection and characterization of free radicals, radical scavenging activity, and lipid peroxides in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by electron spin resonance and chemiluminescence high-performance liquid chromatography].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

During the ischemia-reperfusion period, the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system simultaneously generates superoxide (O2-). O2- has an extremely short half-life, as it rapidly undergoes Fenton-type reactions in the presence of iron and yields highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (.OH). Oxygen-derived free radicals are induced as a contributing cause of cellular injury in several neurological disorders, including cerebral infarction and aging. Cerebral injury by ischemia-reperfusion following middle cerebral artery occlusion could be useful experimental model for studying cerebral injury induced by free radicals. Thiobarbituric acid reactants generally indicate lipid peroxidation associated with cellular damage caused by free radicals. Phosphatidylethanolamine hydroperoxide (PEOOH) is the primary peroxidative product of phosphatidylethanolamine, which is the most important functional lipid in the membrane. Plasma PEOOH levels appear to be a reliable indicator of cerebral damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion and other oxidative stress. Recently, an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer was used in the detection of free radicals, in vivo and in vitro using 5,5'-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as the radical-trapping reagent. Moreover, there are reports the electron spin resonance-computed tomography (ESR-CT) images of the cephalic region of rats for locating regions of pathological change are related to free radicals in the brain.
Knowledge management within the pyrometallurgical industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical background on the knowledge management principles required in determining the current state of knowledge management within the Pyrometallurgical industry. Emphasis is placed on identifying initiatives that is required for embedding tacit knowledge within an organisation. Knowledge is what people know and there is no knowledge without someone knowing it. Knowledge can be present in ideas, judgement, relationships and concepts. Unlike data and information, knowledge is never static but is continually shaped inside peoples' heads through experience, reasoning and the inflow of new stimuli. Tacit knowledge is the information about work processes and products that individuals hold above and beyond what organisations has documented. It is the tricks of the trade that promote smooth organisational functioning, overall know-how, and competitive advantage. In order to ensure that an organisation maintains its competitive advantage, special focus must be placed on tacit knowledge management. The state of knowledge management within the Pyrometallurgical industry in South Africa was assessed in the use of survey questionnaires. The Pyrometallurgical industry has still got a long way to go in order to ensure that the tacit knowledge is embedded within their organisations. Key areas of concerns are the lack of experienced mentors as well as enough resources in order to foster tacit knowledge transfer. A practical tacit knowledge management framework is proposed in order to assist management in looking after this critical asset of their organisation.
Links Between Education and the Labour Market: Narrowing the Mismatch Between Demand and Supply

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This chapter describes importance of analyzing labour market and education trends. In a very caricatured fashion, manpower planning involves projecting on the growth of labour demand by different occupations and then supplanting the trends on the institutions of supply. The generic point though is that while positive employment growth was reported for all race groups relative to the growing labour force, all races yielded poor or inadequate labour demand growth. Race therefore continues to be an important marker in the South African labour market. The collection of data points to a number of important conclusions about the linkages between human capital acquisition and the labour market. Earnings function models have for long dominated much of the empirical research in economics in trying to link education to labour market outcomes. Quality of the degree, the cognitive skills of the individual, their attributes and ability together help shape the nature of human capital that they would be offering in the labour market.
Spacecraft trajectory optimization using evolutionary algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Spacecraft and space systems are complex and generally difficult to design. The computation for the trajectory is no exception. For such nonlinear optimal control problems, they generally do not have any analytical solutions and hence the model for the computation are very difficult to design. Evolutionary Algorithms have been known to be able to solve such optimization problems and hence are employed as the system-level and local-level optimizers for such a system. In this report, we will apply some of the Evolutionary Algorithms on the Spacecraft Trajectory Optimization Problems set in the IEEE-CEC2011 Competition and evaluate the performance by comparing it to the benchmark.
Rapid, Simple Method for Determining Effectiveness of d-Penicillamine Therapy in Cystinuria

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

describing the effectiveness of D-penicillamine as a therapeutic agent in patients with cystinuria.Similar reports by others have also appeared elsewhere (Lotz and Potts, 1964 ; Lotz et al., 1965 ; Bartter et