jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Activation of PKN Mediates Survival of Cardiac Myocytes in the Heart During Ischemia/Reperfusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rationale: The function of PKN, a stress-activated protein kinase, in the heart is poorly understood. Objective: We investigated the functional role of PKN during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Methods and Results: PKN is phosphorylated at Thr774 in hearts subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. Myocardial infarction/area at risk (MI/AAR) produced by 45 minutes of ischemia and 24 hours of reperfusion was significantly smaller in transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of constitutively active (CA) PKN (Tg-CAPKN) than in nontransgenic (NTg) mice (15±5 versus 38±5%, P <0.01). The number of TUNEL-positive nuclei was significantly lower in Tg-CAPKN (0.3±0.2 versus 1.0±0.2%, P <0.05). Both MI/AAR (63±9 versus 45±8%, P <0.05) and the number of TUNEL-positive cells (7.9±1.0 versus 1.3±0.9%, P <0.05) were greater in transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of dominant negative PKN (Tg-DNPKN) than in NTg mice. Thr774 phosphorylation of PKN was also observed in response to H 2 O 2 in cultured cardiac myocytes. Stimulation of PKN prevented, whereas inhibition of PKN aggravated, cell death induced by H 2 O 2 , suggesting that the cell-protective effect of PKN is cell-autonomous in cardiac myocytes. PKN induced phosphorylation of α B crystallin and increased cardiac proteasome activity. The infarct reducing effect in Tg-CAPKN mice was partially inhibited by epoxomicin, a proteasome inhibitor. Conclusions: PKN is activated by I/R and inhibits apoptosis of cardiac myocytes, thereby protecting the heart from I/R injury. PKN mediates phosphorylation of α B crystallin and stimulation of proteasome activity, which, in part, mediates the protective effect of PKN in the heart.
- Surface Plasmon Resonance Analysis of Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nanotechnology is dened as "the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of 1-100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications" [9,10]. The nanometer size range is suitable for manipulation at the molecular level, with potential applications in drug delivery, imaging, and diagnosis of diseases such as cancer [2,21]. Drugs and imaging agents can be encapsulated in, adsorbed on, or conjugated to nanometer-size delivery systems. Nanodelivery systems include lipid-based carriers such as liposomes (vesicles in which an aqueous volume is surrounded by bilayer membrane), micelles (self-assembling amphiphiles that form supramolecular core-shell structures), dendrimers (polymers that comprise a series of well-dened branches around an inner core), and polymeric nanoparticles, including nanospheres and nanocapsules [25].
COJ= 2-1 Maps of Bipolar Outflows in Massive Star-forming Regions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using the eight-beam array receiver of the NRAO 12 m telescope, we mapped the CO J = 2–1 emission toward 11 high-mass star-forming regions. In the sample, four are previously detected outflows in the CO J = 1–0 line, and seven are outflow candidates. A total of six bipolar outflows were identified in the CO J = 2–1 line. For the remaining five sources, including one previously detected bipolar outflow, the CO J = 2–1 emission shows multiple velocity components. Therefore, high-velocity line wings or bipolar structure cannot be identified. The CO J = 2–1 spectra of the four of the nonbipolar outflow sources exhibit broad-line emission due to the blending of weak velocity components. The complex CO spectra underscore the importance of large-scale mapping in identifying outflows. Compared with the outflows detected with the CO J = 1–0 line, the CO J = 2–1 outflows often have broader line wings and smaller spatial extents, indicating that the high-velocity gas measured with the CO J = 2–1 line arises from warm regions closer to the central source. The masses in the outflows range from a few to 60 M⊙. The linear momenta in the outflows are as large as a few hundred M⊙ km s-1. Both parameters are much larger than the typical values in low-mass outflows. The average dynamic timescale of the outflows is 2 × 104 yr. The driving sources of the bipolar outflows are also identified. All bipolar outflows detected have a near-infrared source, except for IRAS 23385+6053, and all are associated with centimeter or millimeter continuum emission, except for IRAS 22506+5549. We investigated the correlation between the outflow parameters and the properties of the driving source. The outflow luminosity and mechanical force correlate with the bolometric luminosity of the star. However, the mechanical force required to drive a CO outflow is more than an order of magnitude higher than the radiation pressure from the star. We reexamined the relation between the mass entrainment rate of the outflows and the bolometric luminosity of the central source with an up-to-date sample. Results show that the mass outflow rate increases with increasing bolometric luminosity, suggesting that the mass outflow rate is related to the luminosity of the central source.
University Counseling Center Off-Campus Referrals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract University counseling centers (UCC) must rely on referrals to off-campus providers, due to limited staffing, severity of clients' issues, and ethical treatment considerations. In a mixed method design, this study found that 42% of clients were unsuccessful in connecting with an off-campus provider when referred by a university counseling center therapist. Clients of color were more unsuccessful in connecting with an off-campus provider than Caucasian clients. Regardless of ethnicity, clients reported that therapist follow up, accessible referral sources, and high personal motivation assisted in a successful referral process. Financial issues were the primary inhibitory factor for the referral process. Suggestions for clinical practice and university counseling center policies are provided.
Prediction of Periodontal Inflammation via Metabolic Profiling of Saliva

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Periodontal disease is characterized by chronic inflammation in subgingival areas, where a vast array of inflammation-associated metabolites are likely produced from tissue breakdown, increased vascular permeability, and microbial metabolism and then eventually show a steady flow into saliva. Thus, prolonged periodontal inflammation is a key feature of disease activity. Although salivary metabolomics has drawn attention for its potential use in diagnosis of periodontal disease, few authors have used that to investigate periodontal inflammation detection. In this pilot study, the authors explored the use of salivary metabolites to reflect periodontal inflammation severity with a recently proposed parameter—periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA)—used to quantify the periodontal inflammatory burden of individual patients with high accuracy. Following PISA determination, whole saliva samples were collected from 19 subjects before and after removal of supragingival plaque and calculus (debridement) with an ultrasonic scaler to assess the influence of the procedure on salivary metabolic profiles. Metabolic profiling of saliva was performed with gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry, followed by multivariate regression analysis with orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) to investigate the relationship between PISA and salivary metabolic profiles. Sixty-three metabolites were identified. OPLS analysis showed that postdebridement saliva provided a more refined model for prediction of PISA than did predebridement samples, which indicated that debridement may improve detection of metabolites eluted from subgingival areas in saliva, thus more accurately reflecting the pathophysiology of periodontitis. Based on the variable importance in the projection values obtained via OPLS, 8 metabolites were identified as potential indicators of periodontal inflammation, of which the combination of cadaverine, 5-oxoproline, and histidine yielded satisfactory accuracy (area under the curve = 0.881) for diagnosis of periodontitis. The authors’ findings identified potential biomarkers that may be useful for reflecting the severity of periodontal inflammation as part of monitoring disease activity in periodontitis patients.
The ecology of Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis in southern Africa.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The only non-human host of Lassa virus so far identified is the multimammate mouse, Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis, but its precise role in the natural Lassa fever cycle remains to be determined. This species is also an important link in the plague cycle in southern Africa and is one of the commonest rodents of Africa. It is a prolific breeder and can be kept and bred easily in captivity. It is thus an excellent laboratory animal, although it needs to be handled with care because it is aggressive towards man and bites readily. The current status of knowledge of its taxonomy, ecology, distribution, and role as a disease vector is reviewed, but attention is drawn to the possibly disastrous consequences of attempting to eradicate a vector species before the natural cycle of the disease and the ecology of the vector are fully understood.
Public administration digitalization effects on corruption: Lesson learned from Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The digitalization of public administrations can reduce corruption, but many efforts fail. Although the relationship between digitalization and corruption has been investigated, how corruption can be reduced in practice is given hardly any attention. Therefore, we take a different approach by investigating an in-depth case study using documents and interviewing civil servants and citizens. This study found technical and organizational issues blocking the reduction of corruption. Despite encountering technical challenges, most informants agreed that automating administrative processes and making each process step transparent resulted in less corruption. Separating concerns by having different officers conduct each process reduced corruption on the condition that direct communication between immigration officers and passport applicants was blocked. The present study concludes that organizational and technological changes should go hand in hand to reduce corruption. Specifically, the separation of concerns at the organizational and system levels is needed to prevent persons from collaborating and misusing the system. Also, regulatory modifications and suitable governance structures are necessary.
Interrogative Testing for Nonlinear Identification of Aeroelastic Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

AEROSPACE LETTERS are brief communications (approximately 2000 words) that describe new and potentially important ideas or results, including critical analytical or experimental observations that justify rapid publication. They are stringently prescreened, and only a few are selected for rapid review by an Editor. They are published as soon as possible electronically and then appear in the print version of the journal.
Motion blurred image restoration based on flight control system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, the applications of Aerial UAV are more and more extensive. The aerial system is subject to the impact of the relative movement, posture changes and the atmosphere, which results in low clarity of the captured image. Based on the image blur phenomenon caused by UAV flight, a function is introduced as its coefficient in Lucy-Richardson (LR) image restoration algorithm, which could effectively protect edge details of the image. The results of image quality evaluation show that the improved LR algorithm can effectively suppress the noise in the image and improve the clarity of the image.
EP116 A Novel Classification System for Intraoperative Evaluation of Anterior Wall Hypoplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose This study aims to introduce and assess the reliability of a novel intraoperative classification system for categorizing the severity of anteroinferior acetabular wall hypoplasia and assess the relationship between classification and hip instability diagnosis. Methods This multicenter, retrospective cohort study evaluated patients who underwent hip arthroscopy with labral repair from 2023-2024. Cases were excluded if visualization or image quality was inadequate, injury was traumatic, or previous rotational osteotomy was indicated. Four independent reviewers with varying levels of experience blindly classified arthroscopic images of the anterior acetabular wall. A numerical grade (1–3) was used to describe the medial-lateral area/shape of the anteroinferior acetabular wall using a novel “shoe” classification to fit each wall into one of three distinct categories: (1) rounded ‘clog’ (no narrowing); (2) bulbous ‘sneaker’ (mild narrowing); (3) sharp ‘stiletto’ (significant / severe narrowing). In addition, a letter grade (A/B) was used to describe anteroinferior distal chondral deficiency, with “A” representing cartilage coverage to or within 1 cm of the transverse acetabular ligament (TAL), and “B” indicating the chondral surface terminating &gt;1cm proximal to the TAL, suggesting severe chondral deficiency. Patient demographics, classification prevalence, and reviewer agreement were assessed. Results Fifty arthroscopic images from 50 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 33.0±8.3 years, mean BMI was 26.1±6 kg/m2, 74% were female and 90% were white. Thirteen patients (26.0%) were diagnosed with instability, 16 (32.0%) with mild instability, and 21 (42.0%) with no instability. Complete agreement between reviewers on both the numeric grade and letter type classification was reached in 39 hips (78%). Agreement on the numeric grade alone was achieved in 44 hips (88%), with 13 (26%) classified as grade 1, 21 (42%) as grade 2, and 5 (10%) as grade 3. Agreement on the letter classification alone was achieved in 45 hips (90%), with 25 (64%) categorized as type A and 14 (36%) as type B. Conclusion Agreement between reviewers was high for both numeric grade (88%) and letter grade (90%). Future research will validate these findings with inter- and intra-reviewer assessments, larger sample size, and exploring associations with hip instability.
Selecting optimal follow-up split-plot designs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Split-plot designs and follow-up designs have been considered in literature for many years. However, no research has been done on selecting optimal follow-up split-plot designs for response surface methodology. In this thesis, we will find optimal follow-up split-plot designs. We modify Pareto-based coordinate exchange algorithm and apply it to follow-up split-plot designs. The algorithm allows for selecting optimal follow-up designs based on multiple criteria under user-specified models. We use DP- and I-criteria to select optimal follow-up split-plot designs. D$_{s}$ criterion and potential bias caused by model misspecification are also considered to further select optimal designs. Examples are given to illustrate the methods of selecting follow-up designs. Different follow-up run sizes are considered. Comparisons are made among the combined designs with the same follow-up run size.
A survey of the biosynthetic mechanisms of 3, 4 dihydroisocoumarin-containing natural products.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Project title: A survey of the biosynthetic mechanisms of 3, 4-dihydroisocoumarin-containing natural products Student name: Teo Zhen Peng U0940308L This review compiles and discusses the known biosynthesis of 3, 4-dihydroisocoumarin-containing natural products.
PATRIOTIC PURIFICATION: CLEANSING ITALIAN SECULAR VOCAL MUSIC IN THURINGIA, 1575–1600

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In German-speaking lands until the 1580s, Italian secular vocal music was mainly cultivated by a narrow elite of aristocrats and merchants who valued its exclusivity. Yet some German patriots – teachers, clergy and humanists – regarded such foreign imports as emasculating luxuries that would corrupt their national character. This article examines four collections of contrafacta of Italian villanellas and madrigals that were published in Erfurt and have been neglected by modern scholars: the Cantiones suavissimae (1576 and 1580), Primus liber suavissimas praestantissimorum nostrae aetatis artificum Italianorum cantilenas (1587) and Amorum filii Dei decades duae (1598). According to the prefatory material of these anthologies, their editors were motivated by a patriotic agenda of purifying Italian secular song and by a Lutheran belief in the intrinsic holiness of music. This article provides the first comprehensive identification of the originals of the contrafacta, showing that the latest Italian secular repertory travelled as speedily to Thuringian towns as to the better-known publishing centre of Nuremberg. The process of transformation in the contrafacta is discussed, including examples where church officials ruled that the change of text was insufficient to cleanse the tunes of their lascivious connotations.
When are microcircuits well-modeled by maximum entropy methods?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are.
The Utility of Neuroimaging in the Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonian Syndromes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes can be challenging, particularly in early disease stages. However, prognosis and therapeutic regimes are not alike in Parkinson disease and atypical parkinsonism, and thus a correct diagnosis at the earliest possible stage is desirable. Over the past two decades, magnetic resonance imaging and radiotracer-based imaging techniques have proven to be helpful tools to enhance the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in these disorders. Here, we review recent advances in neuroimaging for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes.
What drives inappropriate antibiotic dispensing? A mixed-methods study of pharmacy employee perspectives in Haryana, India

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives There are only 0.70 licensed physicians per 1000 people in India. Thus, pharmacies are a primary source of healthcare and patients often seek their services directly, especially in village settings. However, there is wide variability in a pharmacy employee's training, which contributes to inappropriate antibiotic dispensing and misuse. These practices increase the risk of antibiotic resistance and poor patient outcomes. This study seeks to better understand the factors that drive inappropriate antibiotic dispensing among pharmacy employees in India's village communities. Design We conducted a mixed-methods study of the antibiotic dispensing practices, including semistructured interviews and a pilot cross-sectional Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice survey. All data were transcribed, translated from Hindi into English, and coded for themes. Setting Community pharmacies in villages in Haryana, India. Participants We recruited 24 community pharmacy employees (all male) by convenience sampling. Participants have a range of characteristics regarding village location, monthly income, baseline antibiotic knowledge, formal education and licensure. Results 75% of pharmacy employees in our study were unlicensed practitioners, and the majority had very limited understanding of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, only half could correctly define the term antibiotics. All reported that at times they dispensed antibiotics without a prescription. This practice was more common when treating patients who had limited access to a licensed physician because of economic or logistic reasons. Many pharmacy workers also felt pressure to provide shortened medication courses to poorer clientele, and often dispensed only 1 or 2 days' worth of antibiotics. Such patients rarely returned to the pharmacy for the complete course. Conclusions This study highlights the need for short-term, intensive training programmes on antibiotic prescribing and resistance that can be disseminated to village pharmacies. Programme development should take into account the realities of working with poor clientele, especially in areas of limited healthcare access.
Spatial Planning and Climate Change Adaption in Coastal Regions: The Case of Vietnam 1

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Spatial planning in coastal regions has emerged as a major issue in the 21 st century due to the potential impacts of the changing climate and the associated rising sea levels in coastal regions. This paper explores the potential impacts of climate change and the vulnerability of the coast of Vietnam based upon geodetic information and the present coastal development. It then discusses how sustainable spatial planning approaches could be used to reduce vulnerability to climate change and ensure sustainable coastal adaptation of Vietnam’s coastal zone. Based on a large-scale flood risk assessment, the study identified that non-structural approach could be used by Vietnam to adapt her low-lying coastline in the North and the South to climate change as this strategy enables vulnerable areas to be occupied for longer before eventual retreat. However, structural adaption policies could be pursued at the central coast which has high elevation and relatively hard geology. The paper revealed that sustainable and successful adaptation to climate change could be achieved if it is perceived as a process similar to spatial planning. It should be planed, implemented well in advance, monitored and evaluated before the occurrence of a natural disaster or an environmental change. Based on this, it recommended that Vietnam should develop and implement coastal adaptation policies now in order to forestalled huge impacts of future climate related disasters. The paper concludes that though coastal adaptation to climate change is a new phenomenon, it does apply key principles of spatial planning concepts and therefore recommended that spatial planning principles should be adopted for the development and implementation of sustainable coastal adaption policies to reduce the impacts of climate change.
Study of the kinetics of the magnesium leaching from serpentine bearing chromite overburden rocks for mineral carbonation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Characterisation and leaching studies have been carried out on serpentinite rock samples collected from Sukinda mines, India. Dissolution characteristics of samples have been studied using HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3 acid. Effect of particle sizes, solvent concentrations, reaction temperatures and reaction time have been investigated. It was found that Mg recoveries vary between 54.95% and 98.12%. Leaching of fine particles of <53 µm sizes using H2SO2 solution of 1 M at 70°C for 2 h can recover maximum 93% Mg with lowest Si content (6.6%). Kinetic studies indicated that dissolution of Mg follows product layer diffusion mechanism and activation energy calculated was 37.88 kJ mol−1. CO2 treatment of leach liquor resulted in precipitation of magnesium carbonates and hydroxides at a solution pH adjustment between 7 and 10. The study revealed that these rocks can be used for CO2 fixation and H2SO4 can be the best solvent.