jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Approaches to Work in Reducing Entrenched Patterns of Violent Behavior

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, the author will demonstrate the use of a peace intervention to increase children's self-identity, community attachments, and coping mechanisms. With correct training and awareness, this project could be implemented throughout elementary schools and community organizations. This chapter will highlight the connection between social and emotional learning as a peace intervention to further reduce the impact of trauma at a later stage in a child's life. Leaning on Axline's play therapy principles and Bronfenbrenner's bio-ecological theory, the author will illustrate how this will become a feasible and sustainable peace intervention. For this, the author has developed the CAI model.
The relationship between changes in activity of Na~+-K~+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase of ciliary body and traumatic ocular hypotony

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the changes in the activity of two important enzymes related to the productivity of aqueous humor, namely Na +-K +ATPase and carbonic anhydrase, and to probe further into the mechanism of induction of chronic ocular hypotony by traumatic anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Methods A rabbit model of chronic hypotony induced by traumatic anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy was reproduced. At the 2nd , 4th, 8th and 16th week after trauma, IOP was measured. Then eyeballs were removed, and a part of ciliary body was harvested for orthodox pathological section and HE staining, and another part of ciliary body was used for determination of Na +-K +ATPase's activity and histochemical assessment of carbonic anhydrase. Result Activity of Na, K-ATPase decreased gradually in the experimental group, but there is no remarkable change in the control group, and the difference was significant. In the experimental group, the activity of carbonic anhydrase was nearly normal, but the activity of carbonic anhydrase in the area of injured epithelium was low, and it was similar to the control. Conclusion Activity of ciliary Na +-K +-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase decrease in activity after traumatic anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy, which is an important causative factor of chronic hypotony.
Non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of signaling pathways as possible markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The current understanding of the role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of signaling pathways that control lipid accumulation and the development of inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is outlined. The contribution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) to changes in lipid metabolism and the formation of lipotoxicity as trigger mechanisms of NAFLD is considered. The role of TGFβ, TNFα/NF-κb, IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways in the activation of stellate cells, liver fibrogenesis and the progression of NAFLD has been demonstrated. Analysis of literature data has revealed a number of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), the expression of which may be associated with the regulation of these signaling pathways in this disease. They may probably have prognostic significance for differentiating clinical forms and severity of NAFLD.
Utilisation of recycled concrete aggregates in asphalt mixture

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The feasibility of full substitution of coarse and fine recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) into porous asphalt (PA) mixture for light traffic road pavement construction, in particular pedestrian and bicycle paths, were investigated in this project. Besides investigating the use of RCA in the PA mixture, the effects of three filler types (RCA filler, hydrated lime and kaolin) on the asphalt mixture were also examined. Nine small specimens and two large PA specimens incorporating each filler type were batched for performance testing. The mix design followed earlier research project by Yeung (2009). The three PA blends are denoted PA RCA-1, PA RCA-2 and PA RCA-3 for RCA PA mixture using RCA filler, hydrated lime and kaolin, respectively. Permeability test, marshall test, skid resistance test, rutting test and dynamic creep test were conducted. Permeability results showed that all the specimens were highly porous, with PA RCA-1 being the most permeable, hence indicating the highest voids content. However it is less stiff and deforms the most under rutting and creep test. Marshall stability test showed that PA RCA-2 can withstand the highest loading before failure but it is ranked last in terms of drainage ability. PA RCA-3 had the best performance against creep and rutting deformation, but its low resistance to skid makes it less suitable to be used for pedestrian and bicycle paths. The overall investigation reveals that full substitution of RCA into porous asphalt mixture for light traffic road pavement construction is feasible. Nevertheless, more in depth studies and research are recommended.
Classical Channel Gravity in the Newtonian Limit

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a minimal model for the quantum evolution of matter under the influence of classical gravity in the Newtonian limit. Based on a continuous measurement-feedback channel that acts simultaneously on all constituent masses of a given quantum system, the model scales and applies consistently to arbitrary mass densities, and it recovers the classical Newton force between macroscopic masses. The concomitant loss of coherence is set by a model parameter, does not depend on mass, and can thus be confined to unobservable time scales for micro- and macroscopic systems alike. The model can be probed in high-precision matter-wave interferometry, and ultimately tested in recently proposed optomechanical quantum gravity experiments.
COLLOID CYSTS OF THE THIRD VENTRICLE: A REVIEW OF SIXTEEN CASES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND : Colloid cysts are one of the rare brain tumours and are mostly located in the anterosuperior portion of the third ventricle, between the fornix and surround of Foramen of Monroe. OBJECTIVES: Ÿ 1.To review the demographic information & analyse clinical manifestations of patients presenting with colloid cyst of third ventricle. Ÿ 2.To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various surgical approaches Ÿ 3.To assess the surgical outcome in colloid cyst patients operated by any method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 16 patients who presented with a colloid cyst and underwent surgery at the Department of Neurosurgery, King George Hospital, Andhra Medical College between 2013-2018. They were evaluated based on clinical ndings and imaging features, surgical approaches used for resection and their outcomes. RESULTS: Sixteen cases of colloid cyst of the third ventricle were operated upon between 2013-2018. There were seven male and nine female patients with their ages varying between 9 and 62 years old. Nine patients were operated on by using a transcortical trans-ventricular approach, four using the anterior trans-callosal approach and, three patients by using an endoscopic approach. In all patients, complete excision of the lesions was achieved. CONCLUSION: Colloid cysts, though benign, present surgical challenges because of its deep midline location. Complete excision of the colloid cyst carries an excellent prognosis. Surgery is a safe and effective treatment option for this benign lesion.
Impact of tobacco on periodontium

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Tobacco is the major risk for causing oral lesion or disease as well as systemic disease. Tobacco smoking and chewing is a significant contributing factor of periodontal health. The bacteria that are involved in periodontitis accumulate in the subgingival plaque that comprises predominantly of Gram negative strict anaerobes. This clinical study was designed to evaluate the clinical, microbiological changes in Tobacco user and compared these to the Non Tobacco user. 400 subjects were enrolled with an age distribution from 20-55 years complain with periodontitis, Subject were classified in four group Tobacco chewers, Tobacco smokers, Both chewers and smokers and non tobacco user. To identify the growth of anaerobic bacteria using anaerobic culture method in periodontitis patient. To analyse prevalence of periodontal disease among tobacco user a descriptive method involving the colony forming units per millilitre (CFU/ml) and mean of the total flora percentage. The study shows a high percentage of anaerobic bacteria in tobacco smokers compare with tobacco chewers and non tobacco user. On the basis of CFU/ml and mean% of the total flora. Tobacco smokers show high percentage of anaerobic bacteria compare to other subject.
Effects of feeding clover silages on feed intake, milk production and digestion in dairy cows

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Silages were made from pure crops of perennial ryegrass, red clover and white clover over 2 years. In all but one case the silage was stored as bales. A silage additive specially adapted for bales (Kofasil Ultra TM ) was used for all silages and they were all of good hygienic quality. The additive contained sodium nitrite, hexamethylene, tetraamine sodium bensoate and sodium propionate. The silages were offered ad libitum , either pure or mixed [grass/clover 0·50/0·50 on a dry‐matter (DM) basis] with a fixed amount (8 kg) of concentrate. Two experiments, one in each year, were performed with high‐yielding multiparous dairy cows in mid‐lactation, and both rumen‐cannulated and intact cows were used. The experiments were carried out using an incomplete changeover design with fifteen cows and five treatments each year. The cows consumed large quantities of these silages (12·7–16·3 kg DM per cow per day). The highest intakes were obtained when the red clover and the 0·50 red clover:0·50 perennial ryegrass silage diets were offered. However, there was a difference between years. In year 1, 0·50 red clover:0·50 perennial ryegrass and 0·50 white clover:0·50 perennial ryegrass silage diets showed the highest intakes while pure perennial ryegrass and white clover silage diets gave lower intakes. In year 2 the highest intake of silage was obtained when the diet containing silage from red clover from a second cut was offered, while the silage from red clover from a first cut gave the lowest intake. The voluntary intakes of silages from white clover and perennial ryegrass were intermediate. No cases of bloat or other digestive disturbances were observed. Milk yield was significantly lower for the perennial ryegrass silage diet compared with all other diets in year 1. In year 2 milk yield was highest for the white clover silage diets and lowest for the red clover silage diets from both cuts. In year 1 there were relatively small differences in milk composition while in year 2 milk fat content was significantly lower with white clover silage diet and milk protein content was significantly higher with the perennial ryegrass diet. The overall conclusion from these experiments was that cows were able to consume large quantities of pure legume silage without serious disturbance to their metabolism. Differences in measurements of rumen metabolism were found between diets and especially between years. Milk production differences appears to be coupled to both differences in rumen physical characteristics, such as passage rate and particle size as well as differences in volatile fatty acid production in the rumen.
PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTS FOR ENDURANCE EXERCISE PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNE FUNCTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction: After long-term research, it was found that athletes are susceptible to suffering from upper respiratory tract infections and digestive system diseases when subjected to high-intensity exercise for long periods. Objective: To verify whether consuming probiotic supplements after exercise can significantly improve the function of the immune system and play a positive role in the health of athletes. Method: This is a quantitative study with distribution analysis to verify whether probiotic supplements could improve immune response after exercise. Results: After using probiotic supplements, by recording the individual differences in the distribution characteristics of athletes› gastrointestinal flora, we found that the changes of subjects› sports performance, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and gastrointestinal flora after six weeks of special training were different. Conclusion: Long-term oral probiotics for athletes can effectively reduce inflammation in the body, reduce damage to the body during exercise, and effectively improve the gastrointestinal tract›s immune function. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Chemistry of the 18‐Deoxycytochalasin H, HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitor, L‐696,474. Part 1. Degradation Studies Leading to the 2‐ Isoindolone Core.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Underwater sound wave propagation in the presence of a randomly perturbed profile

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The propagation of acoustic signals over long ranges in the deep ocean is influenced significantly by the following factors: (1) a deterministic sound speed profile possessing a “sound channel”; (b) highly anisotropic spatial random fluctuations; (3) temporal fluctuations due primarily to internal waves. The wave equation, with a randomly perturbed sound-speed profile, is initially considered, and a scaling is introduced which is typical of the ocean environment. A space—time parabolic equation is then obtained for the random product of complex pressures at two spatial and temporal points. Finally, a transport equation is derived for a suitably chosen transform of the pressure correlation function. This transport equation is general in the sense that it can model the decorrelation of acoustic signals due to offsets in range, azimuth, depth, and time. [Work supported by ONR.]
Pathology of parasitic infestations in gastrointestinal tract in buffalo calves

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Buffalo calves suffereing from diarrohoea at CIRB, CCS HAU, Hisar and village Arya Nagar, Hisar were examined. Examination of faecal samples revealed toxocarosis (45.18%) and coccidiosis (30.37%) in buffalo calves. On pathological study, buffalo calves revealed changes in gastrointestinal tract during postmortem examination. Toxocara vitulorum and Eimeria spp. were observed in the intestinal lumen of dead buffalo calves.
The Effectiveness of Hybrid and Pure Problem-Based Learning in the Productive Skills and Critical Thinking of Iranian Undergraduate Students through MALL Application

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Hybrid problem-based learning (HPBL) as a learner-oriented method involves learning through collaboration while finding solutions to real-world problems. It has been employed in the education of English as a foreign language (EFL) students recently. Implementation of it in an EFL classroom, though might be a challenging task, has been approved a useful method for improving learning of the students. The current study, using a quasi-experimental design, IELTS pretests-posttests, and Honey’s critical thinking questionnaire, attempted to find out the effectiveness of HPBL method in the productive skills and critical thinking of the students by implementing it in an EFL classroom using eight teacher’s made problems through Mobile Assisted Language Learn (MALL) application. The subjects were 60 Iranian undergraduates grouped as one control group (CG) being instructed based on the traditional lecture-based method and two experimental groups being instructed based on HPBL and Pure Problem-Based Learning (PPBL) methods conveniently. Findings of one-way MANOVA, one-sample, and paired-samples t-test revealed that HPBL students had significantly higher mean scores than the PPBL students who were in turn superior to their CG counterparts in terms of productive skills and critical thinking. This study has the potential to advance new ideas and perceptions which can be implemented by EFL learners in improving the productive skills and critical thinking of the learners. Therefore, the findings might bear implications for students, teachers, university curriculum designers, and decision-makers to design more effective curriculums for the teaching of productive skills to the students.
Care Across the Life Cycle: Building Care Systems in Latin America and the Caribbean

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This note presents the definition, relevance, and objectives of a care system from the perspective of both care recipients and providers. It also outlines a menu of care interventions for targeted populations throughout peoples life cycle and highlights policy areas where the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) can support the sector throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. The note is organized as follows. After an introduction, Section 2 discusses the objectives, institutional organization, and financing of care systems. Section 3 analyzes the subsystems that provide care services for children, people with disabilities, and older people with care needs, describing key interventions or policies where IDB can help countries in the region strengthen their care system activities. Finally, Section 4 presents programs and policies focused on caregivers and the IDBs work in this area.
Assessing University Strategic Plans: A Tool For Consideration

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article explores the use of rubrics as tools for assessing the quality of university-developed strategic plans. While tools exist for assessing the quality of the planning process, such tools are not readily available for assessing the resulting product or the overall quality of the plan itself. Specifi cally, a rubric is described that has been designed and fi eld-tested for the purpose of evaluating the strategic planning document produced at the university level. This approach builds upon outcome assessment methods developed in the business sector and proposes a tool tailored for use in higher education.
Unveiling impact of word concepts on Enhancement or Reduction of Spoilage Molds growth and shelf life of strawberries

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aim: In the present study, the objective was to investigate the impact of written words on inhibiting the growth of molds in the cultivation medium and on strawberry fruit. Methods: Two pairs of opposite written words with positive or negative connotations (such as love-hate and peace-war) were selected to study their effects on the inhibition growth of two of the most common fruit molds (Aspergillus niger and Botrytis cinerea) at various incubation periods (ranging from 1 to 5 days) at 25°C. Results: The findings indicated that there were no statistically significant differences (P≥0.05) in the growth of both molds on the medium when exposed to words with opposing meanings. However, when strawberries were inoculated with the mold spores and subjected to written words with positive connotations, such as "love" and "peace," a significant reduction in mold growth was observed (P<0.05) compared to the control group. Furthermore, the presence of the word "love" resulted in the longest shelf life for strawberries contaminated with either A. niger or B. cinerea during cold storage period, with durations of 39 and 28 days, respectively. Conclusion: These findings shed light on unexplored aspects and propose novel perspectives regarding the potential use of written phrases and words to enhance food quality and mitigate fungal contamination in fruits and vegetable products.
Accounting for Innovations in Consumer Digital Services: IT Still Matters

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper develops a framework for measuring digital services in the face of ongoing innovations in the delivery of content to consumers. We capture what Brynjolfsson and Saunders (2009) call &amp;amp;amp;quot;free goods&amp;amp;amp;quot; as the capital services generated by connected consumers&amp;amp;amp;#x27; stocks of IT digital goods; this service flow augments the existing measure of personal consumption in GDP. Its value is determined by the intensity with which households use their IT capital to consume content delivered over networks, and its volume depends on the quality of the IT capital. Consumers pay for delivery services, however, and the complementarity between device use and network use enables us to develop a quality-adjusted price measure for the access services already included in GDP. Our new estimates imply that accounting for innovations in consumer content delivery matters: The innovations boost consumer surplus by nearly $1,800 (2017 dollars) per connected user per year for the full period of this study (1987 to 2017) and contribute more than 1/2 percentage point to US real GDP growth during the last ten. All told, our more complete accounting of innovations is (conservatively) estimated to have moderated the post-2007 GDP growth slowdown by nearly .3 percentage points per year.
Shear-Induced Structures in Semidilute Polystyrene Solution:  Effect of Solvent Quality

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The effect of solvent quality on shear-induced structures in semidilute polystyrene solutions are investigated by using light-scattering and rheological methods. We found that the shear-induced structures are universally formed in various solvents employed in this experiment. We especially focus on a critical shear rate γ̇cx, at which the light scattering intensity starts to increase in our experimental geometry, and on a critical shear stress, σxy,cx, at γ̇ = γ̇cx. We found that γ̇cx is not well correlated with χ but rather that σxy,cx is better correlated with χ, where χ is the Flory−Huggins interaction parameter between polystyrene and solvents. σxy,cx increases with decreasing χ. This indicates that the structure formation is strongly affected by solvent quality, mainly through the thermodynamic state of the solution. We also analyzed the solvent quality dependence of γ̇cx in the context of Onuki's linear theory, and found that γ̇cx can be scaled by Kos/η0, where Kos is the osmotic modulus and η0 the zero-shear viscosity.