jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Photothermal Materials: A Plant‐Transpiration‐Process‐Inspired Strategy for Highly Efficient Solar Evaporation (Adv. Sustainable Syst. 6/2017)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In article number 1700046, Xiaokong Liu, Haoloan Xu and co-workers report on a new photothermal material based solar steam generation system. Inspired by the natural transpiration process of plants, this new system is derived from natural wood and polydopamine, while being cost effective and straightforward to fabricate. When used for solar steam generation, an important process for ensuring a supply of clean water, it demonstrates extremely high efficiencies—87% under one solar illumination, and seemingly over 100% under enhanced illumination, which can be explained by the explosive evaporation effect at the material surface.
Corporate Downsizing to Rebuild Team Spirit

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this working paper, we propose a new theory fordownsizing, based on strategic reasons rather than technological ones. A crisis may lead to a decrease in the willingness to cooperate in an organization, and therefore to a bad equilibrium. A consensual downsizing episode may signal credibly that survivors are willing to cooperate, and thus, it maybe optimal and efficiency-enhancing (for the individuals remaining in the organization), as the empirical evidence suggests. A variation of the same mechanism leads to efficient upsizing.
The Effect of a Coordination Training Program on the Performance of Basic Handball Skills among Young Female Athletes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Handball is a sport which demands a high level of coordination. The term "coordination" has been defined as the ability to perform complex motor exercises. The 5 basic coordination abilities are: reaction, rhythm, balance, kinesthetic differentiation and space - time orientation. It has been suggested that "additional technique training" should be practiced during childhood and adolescence in order enhance coordination abilities. The aim of this study was to define which elements of coordination are the most important in handball and to identify whether a coordination training program will improve the performance of basic handball skills among children. Ten expert coaches in handball completed a questionnaire relating to the five elements of coordination and gave their opinion regarding the most important elements of coordination for handball players. Based on the results from the questionnaires, a program was designed to provide practice in the most important elements of coordination for handball. The study participants were 20 female youth handball players (age 11 ± 2 years). The experimental group (EG, n=20) performed a specific coordination program 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Measurements of handball performance were taken prior to beginning the program and again after 12 weeks of training. The results revealed that there was a significant difference in performance before and after the training program. In conclusion, performance of basic handball skills (passing, shooting, dribbling and defensive movements) improved after participating in the training program for 12 weeks.
Synergistic Lethal Action of Certain Radioisotopes in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

As is well known, one of the primary factors which determines the nature of the acute toxicity of an internally administered radioactive isotope is its pattern of distribution in the body. For example, the toxicity of P32 in rats is significantly less in the form of colloidal CrPO4 than in the form of ionic Na2HPO4. By using two separate isotopes having widely different distributions, it is possible to study the interrelationship of various systems in the body as well as to elucidate the dependence of survival of the whole organism upon the injury of specific organ systems. Previous studies in this laboratory have shown that a combination of colloidal Au198 and P32 administered to rats is more lethal than either agent administered singly (1). These experiments have been extended to determine whether synergistic lethal action occurs with other internal emitters when these are used in combination. Material and methods P32, obtained from the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Oak Ridge, Tenn., was used as Na2HPO4 and in the preparation of colloidal chromic phosphate. The preparation of this colloid was according to the method of Jones, Wrobel and Lyons (2) and is described in detail in a previous report (3). Sr89' 90 was also obtained from the above source and was incorporated into colloidal Sr3(PO4)2 following the procedure of DeToni (4). Colloidal Au198 was obtained from Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill. The colloidal preparations were injected intravenously into either lateral tail vein of the rat after the animal had been immobilized in a wire cage and the tail washed in tepid water. Volumes of less than 0.5 c.c. were slowly injected with a 26-gauge needle. The incidence of faulty injections was less than 10 per cent, and such animals were immediately discarded from the experiment. Na2HPO4 was always injected intraperitoneally. Other details of procedure were as reported in a previous communication (1). In order to establish reference data for the investigation of the lethal action of two radioisotopes administered simultaneously, determinations were made of the approximate 30-day LD 50 values of each agent. Radiation dosages of all isotopes were on a microcurie per gram of rat basis. The validity of this procedure has been established in this laboratory (3). At least 100 animals were used in each LD 50 determination. The dosage-mortality data are plotted on logarithmic probability paper in Figure 1. Although each isotope was standardized in our laboratory and agreement with other assays was within 5 per cent, the colloidal preparations sometimes deviated significantly from the anticipated lethal potency. This variable was controlled by concomitant testing of each isotope singly with each combination experiment.
Car talk: Integrating texts, bodies, and changing landscapes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Making use of videotaped recordings of interaction in cars filmed as middle class families pursue their daily activities, we examine some of the ways in which talk while driving includes as parts of its intrinsic organization ongoing attention to phenomena beyond the stream of speech. Important consideration is given to issues posed by the task of driving while talking about a seeable field in either the unfolding landscape or a textual artifact within the car itself. Of particular interest to our analysis is how such phenomena are attended to, collaboratively recognized, and incorporated into the ongoing organization of talk. This process involves making use of a range of resources including deictics, perceptual directives, address terms, pointings (C. Goodwin 2003), etc., to locate for others these phenomena, as well as forms of stance display that inform how the speaker aligns towards the event. Through their gaze direction, questions, and displays of understandings recipients can display their response to a noticing or reporting.
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor (L.) Moench IS 28953

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor (L.) Moench
Common name(s): Sorghum
Other names: YSC 3009, PI 475670, IS 28953
Conserved by: International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India
Local sample unique identifier: IS 28953
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1984-09-24
Other identifiers: n/a,YSC 3009, n/a,PI 475670
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Epigenetic perspectives on development: Evolving insights on the origins of variation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The articles in this special section of Developmental Psychobiology explore topics discussed at the 24th Annual Winter Conference on Current Issues in Developmental Psychobiology held in January 2009 in St. Croix. The final session of the meeting: “Epigenetics and Behavioral Development Within and Across Generations” included discussion of several emerging issues relevant to the study of individual differences, parental influences on development, and the stability versus plasticity of the underlying mechanisms involved in behavioral variation. The contributions to this special section highlight the importance of the epigenetic regulation of gene expression to the field of developmental psychobiology and the critical role of these molecular mechanisms in mediating the interplay between genes and the environment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: e1–e3, 2010.
Molecular Evidence for Transcription of Genes on a B Chromosome in Crepis capillaris

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Dispensable, supernumerary (B) chromosomes are found in diverse eukaryotic species. The origin and genetic consequences of B chromosomes have been the subjects of speculation for more than a century. Until now, there has been no molecular evidence that B chromosome DNA is transcribed and there is no unequivocal evidence as to their origin. B chromosomes are considered to be genetically inert although they appear to cause a variety of phenotypic effects. We report that members of one of two ribosomal RNA gene families that are confined to the B chromosomes of a plant, Crepis capillaris, are transcribed—thus providing the first molecular evidence of gene activity on B chromosomes. Sequence analysis of part of the A and B chromosome rRNA genes, together with comparisons with related species, indicates that the B chromosome rRNA genes originate from the A chromosome.
Metabolism, anticholinergic effects, and therapeutic outcome of desmethylimipramine in depressive illness

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Synopsis In order to test two theories of the mode of action of imipramine 58 depressive patients were treated at two dosage levels with desmethylimipramine (DMI), its active metabolite. Clinical judgments were used to distinguish therapeutic responders from non-responders, who showed clear differences in depressive rating scales and body weight changes. Measurements of urinary output of DMI, of salivation, and of the incidence of side-effects were compared in responders and non-responders: no differences appeared between the two groups. It is concluded that the therapeutic effect of imipramine does not depend on either its anticholinergic or other action revealed by the common side-effects, and that variability of response cannot be accounted for by differences in the rate of metabolism of DMI.
The Role Of Vegetation In Methane Flux To The Atmosphere: Should Vegetation Be Included As A Distinct Category In The Global Methane Budget?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Currently, the global annual flux of meth-ane (CH4) to the atmosphere is fairly well constrained at ca. 645 Tg CH4 year-1. However, the relative magnitudes of the fluxes generated from different natural (e.g. wetlands, deep seepage, hydrates, ocean sediments) and anthropogenic sources remain poorly resolved. Of the identified natural sources, the contribution of vegetation to the global methane budget is arguably the least well understood. Historically, reviews of the contribution of vegetation to the global methane flux have focused on the role of plants as conduits for soil-borne methane emissions from wetlands, or the aerobic production of methane within plant tissues. Many recent global budgets only include the latter pathway (aerobic methane production) in estimating the importance of terrestrial vegetation to atmospheric CH4 flux. However, recent experimental evidence suggests several novel pathways through which vegetation can contribute to the flux of this globally important, trace greenhouse gas (GHG), such as plant cisterns that act as cryptic wetlands, heartwood rot in trees, the degradation of coarse woody debris and litter, or methane transport through herbaceous and woody plants. Herein, we synthesize the existing literature to provide a comprehensive estimate of the role of modern vegetation in the global methane budget. This first, albeit uncertain, estimate indicates that vegetation may represent up to 22 % of the annual flux of methane to the atmosphere, contributing ca. 32–143 Tg CH4 year-1 to the global flux of this important trace GHG. Overall, our findings emphasize the need to better resolve the role of vegetation in the biogeochemical cycling of methane as an important component of closing the gap in the global methane budget.
TAMM review: Continuous root forestry—Living roots sustain the belowground ecosystem and soil carbon in managed forests

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

An estimated half of the carbon fixed by trees is transported belowground, a portion of which is exuded into the soil where it fuels a complex belowground food web. The biological transformation of exudates into microbial metabolites and necromass is a major source of soil organic matter (SOM), including persistent mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM). Recent recognition of the fundamental importance of these inputs from living roots for sustaining life belowground and replenishing SOM demands a rethinking of how we harvest forests. By severing the lifeline of living roots, clearcut harvesting devastates much of the belowground biodiversity in forests, and prohibits a principal pathway through which SOM and C stocks are replenished. Retention harvesting retains the influence of living roots within retention patches and potentially throughout the harvested area, but only if inter-tree distances are 15 m or less. Retention trees sustain and support the re-establishment of belowground life and function following forest harvest and may mitigate post-harvest soil C losses. Sustaining the belowground ecosystem via inputs from living roots is an underappreciated benefit of continuous-cover and retention forestry.
#3746 RISK OF PROGRESSIVE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE WITH NEPHROSCLEROSIS ON KIDNEY BIOPSY DEFINED USING AGE-BASED VERSUS YOUNG ADULT-BASED THRESHOLDS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aims The tissue pathology of both aging and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is nephrosclerosis defined by globally sclerotic glomeruli (GSG) and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA). We sought to determine if risk of CKD outcomes is better predicted by age-based or young adult-based thresholds for nephrosclerosis. Method Using the Aging Kidney Anatomy study, living kidney donors, kidney tumor patients, and native kidney disease patients had kidney biopsy images analyzed morphometric to quantify %GSG, %IFTA, and IFTA foci density (Figure 1). Using normotensive donors, young (18-29 y) thresholds and age-based (18-29 y, 30-39 y, 40-49 y, 50-59 y, 60-69 y, 70+y) 95th percentile thresholds were defined. Progressive CKD was defined as a 40% decline in serum creatinine based estimated GFR or kidney failure (dialysis or transplantation) from a 4-month post-biopsy baseline (due to the nephrectomy event in tumor patients and due to the common occurrence of acute kidney injury in the native kidney disease patients at the time of biopsy). The age-adjusted risk of progressive CKD in tumor patients and native kidney disease patients was compared between those with nephrosclerosis that was “normal compared to young”, “normal for age but abnormal compared to young”, and “abnormal for age” (Figure 2). Results There were 2583 normotensive living kidney donors, 1363 tumor patients, and 314 native kidney disease patients studied. The 95th percentiles for 18-29y to 70+y age groups among normotensive donors were 1.7% to 16% for %GSG, 0.18% to 6.5% for %IFTA, and 8.2 to 59.3 per cm2 for IFTA foci density. The risk of CKD outcomes did not differ between tumor patients and native kidney disease patients with nephrosclerosis “normal compared to young” versus “abnormal compared to young but normal for age” in both cohorts. Thus, these two categories were combined into “normal for age”. The risk of progressive CKD over a median 5.5 years follow-up for tumor patients was higher with %GSG, %IFTA, and IFTA foci density that was abnormal for age vs normal for age (HRs 2.28, 2.41, and 3.11, respectively, p&lt;.0001 for all). The risk of progressive CKD over a median 7.2 years follow-up for native kidney disease patients was higher with %GSG, %IFTA, and IFTA density that was abnormal for age vs normal for age (HRs 1.87, 2.65, and 3.11, respectively, p&lt;.0001 for all). Conclusion There is a substantial increase in nephrosclerosis from aging alone in healthy adults that is not prognostic for CKD outcomes. Age-based thresholds better identify clinically relevant CKD.
Data Agents: Promoting Reflection through Meaningful Representations of Personal Data in Everyday Life

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Visual and physical representations of historical personal data have been discussed as artifacts that can lead to self-reflection through meaning-making. However, it is yet unclear how those two concepts relate to each other. We focus on meaningfulness, a part of meaning-making that relates to feelings. In this paper, we present three projects where mundane objects, our data agents, are combined in meaningful ways with personal data with the aim to trigger reflection by placing a person's individual experience of data in relation to others'. To identify relationships between self-reflection and meaningfulness we use Fleck and Fitzpatrick's framework to describe the levels of reflection that we found in our projects and Mekler and Hornbæk's meaning framework to define the depth of reflection. We conclude with a discussion on four themes in which we outline how data agents informed the intersections between our central concepts. This paper constitutes a first step towards unpacking those relationships and invites for further explorations by the HCI community.
SH0971414.10FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
STRATEGI HUMAS UNTUK MEMPERBAIKI CITRA LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACTPublic relations serves as a distinctive management and supports the coaching, maintenance of the joint pathway between the organization and the public, concerning communication activities, understanding, acceptance and cooperation, involving management in dealing with problems, helping management to be able to face public opinion.Creating a positive image for an institution or education, the role of Public Relations is also involved in many things such as making strategies and programs interesting to be able to compete and still exist both in a profit-oriented institutions and services to the community or nonprofit. The success of a Public Relations will determine the success or failure of vision and mission in an education or institution.Looking at the above background contains the formulation of the problem: 1) How the public relations devinisi and research ? 2) What is the negative and positive impact of public relations in educational institutions? 3) How to Step by step analysis of persuasive and contributive strategy in developing public relations in educational institutions.The results of the theory analysis can be summarized as follows: 1) Public Relations is a typical management function, which supports coaching and maintenance, the joint path between the organization and its Public about communication, understanding and cooperation. Engage and assist management to know and respond to public opinion, establish and emphasize management's responsibility to serve the public as well as to support management in making positive use of experiments, using sound and ethical research and communication techniques as the primary means. 2) Negative influence, may occur due to ethical abuse in public relations activities and the positive influence that can result from the implementation of the code of ethics. 3) Steps - persuasive and contributive strategy in building Public Relations effectively by improving internal and external quality. So that Public Relations remain in good harmony with institutions and society.�Keywords: Public relations Strategy, Improving Education Institution image
A Racial Model of Electoral Reform: The Relationship between Restrictive Voting Policies and Voter Confidence for Black and White Voters

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In Crawford v. Marion County (2008), the Supreme Court ruled that voter identification requirements are lawful on the grounds that, even if they do not prevent fraud, they can instill confidence in voting. However, this reasoning ignores the historical and contemporary racial biases in the enactment and administration of restrictive voting policies in the United States. This legacy likely colors the extent to which Black and white voters see reforms as deterring fraud versus increasing suppression, and as such, how confident they are in election outcomes. We examine how increasing voter restrictions affects voter fraud beliefs and voter confidence among Black and white voters. We find that the enactment of restrictive policies decreases fraud beliefs among white voters but has no effect on fraud beliefs for Black voters; however, Black voters are less confident in elections when conducted with more restrictive policies while white voters are not. Finally, we find suggestive evidence that the racial gap in the effects of restrictive voting policies on voter confidence is partially undergirded by racial elite signaling.