jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Association of lipoprotein levels with sleep apnea: role of autonomic dysfunction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives. Although multiple mechanisms, including autonomic dysfunction, seem to link sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) with dyslipidemia in animal studies, the data in clinical studies are limited. The aim of this study was to explore the association of lipoprotein levels with SDB measures in healthy habitual snorers. We supposed that autonomic dysfunction is the linking mechanism. Methods. We enrolled 110 previously healthy subjects with complaints of habitual snoring. To assess SDB, polysomnography was performed. Blood samples for the analysis of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) were obtained in a fasting condition after the polysomnography. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was used to assess the autonomic dysfunction. Results. In stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, minimal nocturnal blood oxygen saturation (beta=–0.240, p=0.020) and neck circumference (beta=0.224, p=0.03) were the only significant contributors in model predicting TG. SDB measures were not identified as significant contributors in models predicting TC, LDL, and HDL. We failed to find any significant difference in BRS in SDB subjects when compared according to the presence or absence of hypercholesterolemia/ hypertriglyceridemia. In SDB subjects, the area under the curve in a receiver operating curve to predict hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia by BRS was 0.468 (95% CI: 0.328–0.608) and 0.425 (95% CI: 0.304–0.546), respectively. Conclusions. Our results suggest that minimal nocturnal blood oxygen saturation is significant contributor in model predicting TG. No significant decrease in BRS was found in SDB subjects with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. In SDB subjects, the role of autonomic dys-function in the development of dyslipidemia remains controversial.
Improving Sexual Health Across the Life Span Through Integrated Care in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Sexual health is a vital part of physical, emotional, and relational well-being among adults across the life span. While patients are reluctant to discuss their sexual concerns, Obstetrics and Gynecology providers are especially well positioned to improve sexual functioning and satisfaction through screening, education, prevention and early intervention, treatment, and integrating behavioral health and sexual medicine services in their clinical practices. This article sets out to provide applied information and perspectives to foster the development of interprofessional sexual medicine services in Obstetrics and Gynecology practices in hospital and community settings.
Advanced system demonstration for utilization of biomass as an energy source

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The results of a 20 month study to explore the technical and economic feasibility of fuelwood utilization to operate a 50 megawatt energy conversion facility are described. The availability of biomass as a fuel source, the methods of harvesting and collecting the fuelstock, the costs of providing adequate fuel to the plant, and other requirements for fueling the proposed conversion facility are investigated. (MHR)
Effects of adenosine and its analogues on isolated intracerebral arterioles. Extraluminal and intraluminal application.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We evaluated the responses of brain parenchymal arterioles to intraluminal and extraluminal application of adenosine and its analogues. Intracerebral arterioles (28.4- to 60.3-microns diameter) were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats, cannulated with micropipettes, and perfused in vitro. Both extraluminal and intraluminal adenosine, 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)adenosine (NECA), R-N6-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine (R-PIA), and S-N6-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine (S-PIA) elicited concentration-dependent dilation of these arterioles, but intraluminal application was less potent and efficacious than extraluminal application. Inosine was not vasoactive. A common order of agonist potency (NECA > adenosine > R-PIA > or = S-PIA) was determined for both extraluminal and intraluminal application. Theophylline (10 microM) caused a rightward shift of the adenosine concentration-response curve and a 50-fold reduction in potency. Intraluminal theophylline was one sixth as effective as extraluminal theophylline in antagonizing the extraluminal adenosine response, whereas intraluminal 8-sulfophenyltheophylline, a polar theophylline derivative, was ineffective. Polyadenylic acid (PolyA, 1 microM), an adenosine polymer that does not penetrate the endothelium, induced a dilation of 44.2 +/- 5.3% when applied extraluminally but had no effect when infused intraluminally. The dilator effect of PolyA was antagonized by theophylline. We conclude that: (1) intraluminal adenosine and its analogues are effective dilators of intracerebral arterioles, (2) the dilator effects of both intraluminally and extraluminally applied adenosine are predominantly mediated by A2-type receptors, and (3) adenosine receptors mediating vasodilation are not present on the luminal surface of the endothelium.
Substantial Shared Genetic Influences on Schizophrenia and Event-Related Potentials

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective: Several components of event-related potentials - P50 suppression, P300 amplitude and latency, and mismatch negativity - have been proposed as potential endophenotypes for schizophrenia on the basis of family studies. The present study used a twin design to estimate the extent of genetic overlap between these indices and the liability to schizophrenia. Method: The authors measured mismatch negativity, P300, and P50 suppression in 16 monozygotic twin pairs concordant for schizophrenia, nine monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia, and 78 healthy comparison twin pairs. The study design was based on a power calculation. Structural equation modeling was used to quantify the genetic and environmental contributions to the phenotypic covariance between schizophrenia and each of the event-related potential indices. Results: Significant phenotypic correlation with schizophrenia was found for each of the event-related potential components. Genetic factors were the main source of the phenotypic correlations. P50 suppression had the greatest genetic correlation with schizophrenia, followed by P300 amplitude, P300 latency, and mismatch negativity. Conclusions: All four event-related potential indices are potentially valid endophenotypes for schizophrenia, but P50 suppression and P300 amplitude show the closest genetic relationship to schizophrenia.
The physiology of follicular maturation in the pig.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Exogenous gonadotrophin (eg. PMSG) treatment results in follicular growth in most reproductive states, and suggests that lack of FSH and LH-like activity is a likely cause of arrested-follicular development in the pig. Endogenous changes in gonadotrophins between reproductive and non-reproductive states are consistent with this concept. However, changes in the pattern of LH secretion, rather than clearly defined changes in FSH release, appear to be the effective trigger for follicular recruitment. In other situations in vivo, follicular growth is initiated in the absence of demonstrable changes in LH or FSH secretion, suggesting that other hormones interact to sensitize the ovary to gonadotrophins. Such effects have been reported for insulin, cortisol, thyroxine and IGF-1 in vitro, and the steroid environment of follicles also affects gonadotrophin receptors and receptor-mediated mechanisms. Once initiated, the regulation of follicle maturation also involves interactions between gonadotrophins and steroids, as well as other intra-ovarian regulators. Co-operation exists between theca and granulosa in the synthesis of steroids and androgen precursor availability is an important regulator of the oestrogenic activity of follicles. Considerable heterogeneity exists in the morphological and biochemical maturity of preovulatory follicles and inter-follicular regulation via endocrine and paracrine mechanisms may be an essential component of the selection process.
Bilbao: una rivoluzione urbana

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cultural instruments can be important agents of urban regenerationprocesses, but this is true only according to an ex-post interpretation: it is like the well known joke about economics, the science which explains the past. The Guggenheim museum has not been a fragment of an urban strategic mosaic. It has certainly been an «engine» which favoured a changing process - and the effects were much more powerful than it has been foreseen - and it was also an incomparable, stimulating element of Bilbao urban regeneration and economic development. Nevertheless, although it cannot be said that it was build by accident, it certainly does not belong to a predefinite and deliberate urban and political programming.
General equations for short-range optimization of a combined hydro-thermal electric system

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis offers a review and an analysis of all except the less important advances of the previously developed methods and equations for optimizing the operation of an electric system of m thermal and n hydro plants. In this analysis both short-range (twenty-four hours, seven days) and long-range (one year) periods are involved. The primary objective of this thesis is to derive, using the Calculus of Variations, general differential equations for short-range optimization of combined hydro-thermal systems. The basic criterion for choosing to solve the short-range instead of the long-term problem lies in the theory of forecasting in general, the theory of forecasting of stream flows in particular, and is based on the aforementioned analysis. Tests for establishing the fact that the above general equations actually produce the desired minimum cost of operation are given in the form of three other necessary conditions and three sufficient conditions. These conditions are known in this branch of mathematics as the analogue of Legendre's condition, the Weierstrass’ analogue of the Jacobi's condition and the Weierstrass' E-function condition for a minimum. A well-known example is worked out using these conditions. In addition to the above, this thesis also proves that all previously developed methods and equations for short-term optimization are essentially equivalent, and that these formulas are merely simplified forms of the general equations developed in this treatise.
Anger, aggression and hate: Concepts influenced by infant research and attachment theory – an individual psychological perspective

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Summary In this paper, I would like to describe how the clinical understanding of phenomena like anger, hate and aggression can be enriched by concepts derived from infant research and attachment theory. In doing so, I will draw on my own individual psychological and psychoanalytical point of view. In modern individual psychology, as it is understood in Germany, there are certainly psychoanalysts who tend to favour not just Adler’s theories, but also those of Melanie Klein or Wilfried Bion above all, just as there are those who favour the self-psychological approach (and, of course, there are other theories as well). Therefore, it goes without saying that I do not claim to represent the definitive perspective of individual psychology in my work: in individual psychology, as in psychoanalysis, there are, after all, different opinions, theories and preferences which sometimes may be predominant in specific countries. I believe that we essentially gain overall from this pluralism of theories, in spite of the dangers that may be associated with it (such as confusion of language, diffusion of identity of school-specific concepts, undifferentiated pragmatism, etc.). Openness is, in my opinion, a very important characteristic of individual psychological theory. On the other hand, pluralism of theories does not, after all, exclude the focal points of scientific interest and the understanding of clinical phenomena, and I would like to concentrate on some of these focal points in this paper.
Parageneses of Garnet Inclusions in Diamonds From Yakutia Kimberlites Based on Raman and IR Spectroscopy Data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Diamonds with garnet inclusions have been studied from the Udachnaya, Zapolyarnaya, Komsomolskaya-Magnitnaya, Yubileynaya, Komsomolskaya, Aikhal, Mir, and Mayskaya kimberlite pipes of the Yakutia diamondiferous province. A positive correlation has been revealed between the positions of the main peaks in the Raman spectra of garnets and their chemical composition. A method for determining the paragenetic association of garnet inclusions by the Raman spectroscopy data is described. Diamonds with garnet inclusions of eclogite paragenesis are characterized by a high total nitrogen content and medium degree of aggregation, whereas diamonds with garnet inclusions with dunite–harzburgite and lherzolite parageneses are distinguished by a low nitrogen concentration and a wide variation in the degree of nitrogen aggregation. Dependences have also been revealed between the thermal–temporal parameters of diamond formation (according to IR spectroscopy of diamonds) and type of rocks (according to Raman spectroscopy of garnet inclusions).
Relational Autonomy as the Key to Effective Behavioral Change

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract: The common health problems that plague Americans today are often the result of people’s choices and behaviors. Two theories to effectuate change are self-determination theory (SDT) and motivational interviewing (MI). Patient autonomy is central to both of these theories, but neither fully develops the concept. We describe a theory of autonomy called relational autonomy that provides a robust foundation to help these techniques succeed not only in effecting behavioral changes, but also in supporting capacities for autonomy. Our theory of relational autonomy incorporates three components: self-determination, self-cohesion, and self-respect. We delineate how these capacities are vulnerable in the healthcare setting and demonstrate how SDT and MI, bolstered by a theory of relational autonomy, can promote and sustain these capacities and behavioral changes in patients. Additionally, SDT and MI provide practical guidelines to healthcare providers about how to support the autonomy of vulnerable patients.
An experiment of water-responsive shape memory hybrid

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

2 sets of 3 numbers of polymer sponge / polyethylene glycol hybrid (2cm by 2cm by 2cm) were fabricated with 25%, 50% and 75 % compression. External stimulus (room temperature water) was applied to the first set of 3 numbers of polymer sponge / polyethylene glycol hybrid of different compression ratio. It was observed that it took 10 minutes, 40 minutes and 60 minutes respectively for the 25%, 50% and 75% compression polymer sponge / polyethylene glycol hybrid to recover to their original cross sectional area (2cm by 2 cm). Another set of 3 numbers of different compressions (25%, 50% & 75%) was applied with external stimulus (using hammer to knock). It was observed that that it took 5 knocks, 8 knocks and 12 knock respectively for the 25%, 50% and 75% compression polymer sponge / polyethylene glycol hybrid of only 1 side of the cross sectional area to return to its original length (2 cm), while the other side of the cross section area of all the sample remained flat (0.5 cm). It was concluded that pure water were needed to dissolved the water / polyethylene glycol solution that was previous absorbed by the polymer sponge for the polymer sponge / polyethylene glycol hybrid to recover its original cross sectional shape. It was also concluded that indeed a non professional without much chemistry / polymer knowledge like myself were able to fabricate Shape memory hybrid (SMH).
Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with IgA paraproteinemia and extracutaneous involvement.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Numerous nodular xanthomatous lesions arose, gradually increasing in number on the back, chest, lips, tongue, and exposed "V" area of the chest on a 78-year-old man. Painful oral nodules and hoarseness developed subsequently. Histologic examination of the skin revealed a suppurative and granulomatous inflammation with an accumulation of acute polymorphonuclear neutrophils, nuclear dust, and xanthomatous histiocytes. Giant cells were rare and cholesterol clefts were absent. Biopsy of the oral mucosa and the larynx showed a similar process. Direct immunofluorescence was positive for vascular immune reactants at the basement membrane and fibrin in between collagen bundles. The patient had a serum IgA level of 432 mg/dl (normal level, up to 380), with normal IgG and IgM serum concentrations. A Raji cell assay was 240 micrograms/AHGEQ/ml (normal less than 5). CH-50 was decreased and C2, C4, and C3 were within normal limits. The dermatopathology was initially thought to be consistent with erythema elevatum diutinum, and the patient was treated with dapsone and prednisone, with a marginal response. There were no dermatopathologic findings of vasculitis. On review, the patient's dermatopathology was more consistent with necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG). To our knowledge, this is the first report of an association of NXG with an IgA gammopathy and the second reported case of extracutaneous involvement with NXG.
Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes and COVID-19: From a potential repurposed agent to a useful treatment option

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is) are very commonly prescribed antidiabetic agents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes owing to its modest ability to reduce blood glucose without ensuing any hypoglycemia and weight gain. Many experts have advised continuing DPP-4Is in patient with type 2 diabetes with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition, several researchers have proposed DPP-4Is to be used as a repurposed agent for COVID-19 not only for the patients with diabetes but also for those without diabetes. We aimed to review as to what could be the reason behind this approach and how does the use of DPP-4Is alter the outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19.
X-RAY FLUORESCENCE DETECTED VARIATION IN NUTRACEUTIC-IMPLIED MINERAL DENSITY IN UNDERUTILIZED PLANTS MAPPED AS WOMEN-OPERATED SMALLHOLDER UNITS IN THE LAKE VICTORIA BASIN

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Indigenous plant biodiversity plays a key role in providing nutritional and medicinal (nutraceutical) need for smallholder farming communities. The objective of this paper was to relate farming decisions, farm landscape morphology, crop species placement points, and the nutraceutical-implied micronutrient mineral (NIMM) density. The Kisumu (Kenya), Iganga (Uganda) and Bukoba (Tanzania) lake basins were the three eco-regional environs studied and were treated as the primary hierarchical level. Two visited sites (secondary level) for reconnaissance/collection were nested within the primary level. Fifteen dominantly female households were further nested within sites (tertiary level). By means of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, indigenous variant plants (accessions) encountered were collected for density. XRF analyses were backed by key informant interviews. Empirically, indigenous/traditional plant species and, by extension, their diversity in NIMM density, was a three-factor dependent variable in terms of: (a) the ethnobotanic-based farming decisions by which the NIMM indigenous/ underutilized plant bio-resources encountered were purposively grown; (b) choices that were dictated by the topographic soil surface characteristics (terrain upland, steep and valley land properties); (c) near residence-referenced sequent activity occupancy (NR-SACO) episodes; and (d) natural cum farmer-guided plant selections. Women were found to be dominant players in smallholder operations and were NR-SACO-mapped with respect to their rigorous tillage operations close to the residential zone. Across the nearest residence tillage farm (NRTF), the transitional tillage (TITF) and the outlier tillage (OUTS) spectrum, the lowest percentage of tillage rigour occurred on slope, probably due to local soil aridity and reduced soil fertility. Valley-like plain sites, regardless of distance from residence, were most preferred for tillage. The 10-9-8 right-tailed nutraceutic-implied diversity cluster was the most conservative as only Corchorus olitorius ex. Bunafu (from Uganda) of all the Ugandan and Kenyan accessions fitted there with a score of 8. The 7-6-5 centre diversity cluster was less clustered. Patterns of tillage placement may be suggesting a likely influence of the topographic soil-surface effects on NIMM density via farming decisions. The above interrelationships are an efficient basis for tagging nutraceutic-implied variants on the farm by allocation to the physical tillage units for conservation and use.
Holographic Processes Involved in Rhodopsin-Mediated Phototaxis?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Phototaxis is a light-oriented locomotion found from bacteria to marine invertebrates. In many species, the photoreceptors are molecules of rhodopsin, a protein made of seven α-helical structures embedding a chromophore. Light absorption by the rhodopsin chromophore is transduced to modulate cilia motility and, finally, to alter swimming direction of the micro-organisms. Interestingly, it is well established that rhodopsin is endowed with holographic recording properties. Thus, it may be hypothesized that holographic recording of patterns of light coming from the surroundings play a role in the phototactic behaviour. Such putative functions of rhodopsin in the living organisms might be studied by technological tools, similar to those already used to investigate the holographic recording properties of artificially made rhodopsin material. Moreover, phototaxis mediated by rhodopsin might offer a relatively simple paradigm for searching so far unknown holographic–quantum–processes putatively associated with memory and learning of higher living organisms.
Joined-up Government in Practice: A Case Study of Children's Needs in Sheffield

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

'Joined-up government' has been a policy thrust characterising much of the first term of the Labour government. The last four years have seen a flourish of area-based and local partnership initiatives. Information and IT are seen as crucial to facilitate joined-up government and improved service delivery at both central and local level. Ambitious targets are thus set to make all dealings with government deliverable electronically by 2005. This article examines data sharing in a local partnership, using as an example the preparation of the Children's Service Plan 2000-2003 in the city of Sheffield, setting out the national policy background, with particular reference to children's services plans; introducing the project; discussing the results obtained in the data collection exercise, and concluding that the organisational and cultural change necessary to share information effectively require time, and above all a period of relative stability to mature and take hold.