jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Differential Microbicidal Effects of Human Histone Proteins H2A and H2B on Leishmania Promastigotes and Amastigotes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that histone proteins can act as antimicrobial peptides in host defense against extracellular bacteria, fungi, and Leishmania promastigotes. In this study, we used human recombinant histone proteins to further study their leishmaniacidal effects and the underlying mechanisms. We found that the histones H2A and H2B (but not H1 0 ) could directly and efficiently kill promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis , L. major , L. braziliensis , and L. mexicana in a treatment dose-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy revealed surface disruption of histone-treated promastigotes. More importantly, the preexposure of promastigotes to histone proteins markedly decreased the infectivity of promastigotes to murine macrophages (Mφs) in vitro . However, axenic and lesion-derived amastigotes of L. amazonensis and L. mexicana were relatively resistant to histone treatment, which correlated with the low levels of intracellular H2A in treated amastigotes. To understand the mechanisms underlying these differential responses, we investigated the role of promastigote surface molecules in histone-mediated killing. Compared with the corresponding controls, transgenic L. amazonensis promastigotes expressing lower levels of surface gp63 proteins were more susceptible to histone H2A, while L. major and L. mexicana promastigotes with targeted deletion of the lipophosphoglycan 2 ( lpg2 ) gene (but not the lpg1 gene) were more resistant to histone H2A. We discuss the influence of promastigote major surface molecules in the leishmaniacidal effect of histone proteins. This study provides new information on host innate immunity to different developmental stages of Leishmania parasites.
Programming Hierarchical Task Networks in the Situation Calculus

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

... this paper is 1) to give an account of HTN-planning as high-level programming in the situation calculus (McCarthy 1963) based languages Golog/ConGolog (Levesque et al. 1997; De Giacomo, Lesperance, &amp; Levesque 2000) and 2) to illustrate our approach with a ConGolog encoding of a logistics domain HTN-planning problem. The Golog/ConGolog languages have been extended to deal with explicit time, sensing actions, exogenous events, execution monitoring, incomplete knowledge of the initial state, stochastic actions and others. Thus the range of problems that can be tackled with this approach is potentially much larger. As an example, we modified the logistics domain encoding to execute on-line and deal with run-time exogenous delivery requests
Florida Fights to Stop Citrus Canker

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

State officials hoping to wipe out citrus canker, an incurable disease that threatens Florida9s $8 billion citrus industry, have chopped down more than 1.8 million infected and exposed trees. In fact, the canker eradication effort, which has cost over $200 million, is the biggest single government-run program ever devoted to a plant disease. But where chain saws are screaming, so are homeowners who want to save their trees. The citrus industry is just as adamant that the efforts continue.
Establishment and characterization of a human neuroblastoma cell line in tissue culture.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A new continuous cell line, GOTO, has been established in tissue culture from a human neuroblastoma arising from the adrenal and maintained for 5 years. The cells are small and fibroblast-like, and grow in dense layer. Population doubling time was approximately 48 hr. The modal chromosome number was near-diploid. Neither marker chromosomes nor double-minute chromosomes were abserved. Inoculum of 10(7) cells produced tumors in ATS-treated hamsters and athymic nude mice, and the histological appearance of tumors was consistent with undifferentiated neuroblastoma. Neural features of the cells were also confirmed by ultrastructural examination. Biochemical analysis showed this cell line to be cholinergic. Morphological differentiation leading to neurite formation was induced by cultivation in serum-free medium.
Wearable Technologies and Invention

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this essay, we extend prior discussions of user interactions with wearable devices, framing these interactions in the context of identification and rhetorical invention. We identify the limitations of the preset identifications made available by the logic of what we term screened wearing, a representationalist framework for understanding wearable devices and the data they produce. In contrast to these logics, we identify the inventional opportunities for wearables enabled by what we term diffractive wearing, an open-ended approach to wearables that situates data within larger systems of activity.
RECN-IQ: A Cost-Effective Input-Queued Switch Architecture with Congestion Management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As the number of computing and storage nodes keeps increasing, the interconnection network is becoming a key element of many computing and communication systems, where the overall performance directly depends on network performance. This performance may dramatically drop during congestion situations. Although congestion may be avoided by over dimensioning the network, the current trend is to reduce overall cost and power consumption by reducing the number of network components. Thus, the network will be prone to congestion, thereby becoming mandatory the use of congestion management techniques. In that sense, the technique known as Regional Explicit Congestion Notification (RECN) completely eliminates the Head-of-Line (HOL) blocking produced by congested packets, turning congestion harmless. However, RECN has been designed for switches with queues at input and output ports (CIOQ switches), thus it can not be directly applied to other types of switches. Additionally, the method RECN uses for detecting congestion requires several detection queues that increase the memory requirements and thus switch cost. Thus, we completely redefine the RECN mechanism in order to achieve different goals. First, we adapt RECN to a switch organization with queues only at input ports (IQ switches). These switches are simpler and cheaper to produce than CIOQ ones. Second, we propose a new method for detecting congestion that does not require several detection queues, thereby reducing RECN memory requirements. These improvements lead to achieve a cost-effective switch organization that derive maximum performance even in the presence of congestion. Also, we present in detail a realistic switch architecture supporting the new mechanism. Results demonstrate that the new RECN version in an IQ switch achieves maximum network performance in all the analyzed situations. These results have been a reduction factor of data memory requirements of 5 with respect to the previous RECN mechanism in CIOQ switches.
P1‐106: ABERRANT ACTIVATION OF PKC‐THETA IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND ITS ROLE IN NEURONAL INSULIN RESISTANCE

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Severe abnormalities in brain insulin signaling have been documented to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, the “insulin-resistant brain state” has been hypothesized to form the core of the neurodegenerative events that occur in AD. In fact, insulin administration improved cognitive performance in AD patients, reinforcing the idea that abnormalities in brain insulin function and insulin signal pathway are the major factors that mechanistically influence the onset and development of AD. However, the underlying mechanism leading to impaired insulin signaling pathway in neurons remains to be elucidated. PKC theta, a key modulator of insulin signaling in peripheral tissues, is shown to be related with insulin resistance in hypothalamic neurons by modulating insulin signaling. Given that PKC theta is expressed in neurons including those of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex which are particularly vulnerable brain regions of AD, we sought to determine the pathological role of PKC theta in AD. The expression pattern of PKC theta in AD was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis. The mechanistic role of PKC theta in insulin pathway was examined in neuronal cell culture and animal models with various molecular and biochemical assays. With multiple experimental approaches, we found that the level of PKC theta was increased in the vulnerable neurons in AD with alterations in other insulin signaling proteins. We also found that the regulation of PKC theta modulates the insulin-mediated signaling pathway and induces tau pathology in neuronal cells. Collectively, our data strongly suggest the pathophysiological importance of PKC theta in the regulation of insulin signaling in neurons and dysregulation of PKC theta may be an underlying mechanism of neuronal insulin resistance in AD.
Alignment activities of storage ring at Taiwan Photon Source

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is a 3-GeV synchrotron radiation light facility that was constructed in 2014. The magnets of the storage ring are installed on the girder system, and the girder system of TPS is an adjustable mechanism that is drove by motors of the cam mechanism. The control network of TPS is surveyed twice in ever year to observe the change of position of girders. The maximum changed location of girder system in storage ring is up to 1.5mm from 2014 to 2019. To improve status of storage ring, the girder system was re-aligned two times in 2021. This paper shows the procedure of realignment and the results of girders.
Imipenem/Cilastatin/Relebactam for Complicated Infections: A Real-World Evidence

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

(1) Background: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria represent one of the major global public health problems of the 21st century. Beta-lactam antibacterial agents are commonly used to treat infections due to Gram-negative pathogens. New β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations are urgently needed. Combining relebactam (REL) with imipenem (IMI) and cilastatin (CS) can restore its activity against many imipenem-nonsusceptible Gram-negative pathogens. (2) Methods: we performed a systematic review of the studies reporting on the use of in vivo REAL/IPM/CS. (3) Results: A total of eight studies were included in this review. The primary diagnosis was as follows: complicated urinary tract infection (n = 234), complicated intra-abdominal infections (n = 220), hospital-acquired pneumonia (n = 276), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (n = 157). Patients with normal renal function received REL/IPM/CS (250 mg/500 mg/500 mg). The most frequently reported AEs occurring in patients treated with imipenem/cilastatin plus REL/IPM/CS were nausea (11.5%), diarrhea (9.8%), vomiting (9.8%), and infusion site disorders (4.0%). Treatment outcomes in these high-risk patients receiving REL/IPM/CS were generally favorable. A total of 70.6% of patients treated with REL/IPM/CS reported a favorable clinical response at follow-up. (4) Conclusions: this review indicates that REL/IPM/CS is active against important MDR Gram-negative organisms.
ITSC12 v2.3 Logic Control 3 (Generalized Actuator)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In questo blocco gli elementi forniti sono relativi alla versione Codesys 2.3. Dall'AA 2016-17 si utilizzerà la versione 3.5 a lezione. Comunque chi avesse problemi con la versione 3.5 può utilizzare la 2.3, anche per la realizzazione dei progetti. Si consiglia però di utilizzare questa opzione solo in caso di problemi insormontabili con la v3.5. \nNOTE IMPORTANTI SULL'UTILIZZO DELLA VERSIONE 2.3: \n1) La versione 2.3 è testata solo fino a Windows7, su Windows 10 potrebbe non funzionare (o avere comportamenti pesantemente anomali in simulazione). Nell’AA 2015-16 si è verificato che la versione 2.3.9.44 aveva un funzionamento accettabile in Windows 10, mentre le successive no. Quindi si consiglia di scaricare quella per chi usa Codesys 2.3 su Windows 10. \n2) Nelle ultime versioni di Codesys 2.3 (compresa quella suddetta, sia su Windows 7, sia su Windows 10), è stato riscontrato il seguente comportamento anomalo (e molto subdolo). \nNel caso in cui ci sia una variabile manipolata direttamente in una Action dentro uno STEP IEC (Ad esempio una Action di Set (S) di una variabile BOOLENA), si è visto che il compilatore non permette a qualunque altra tipologia di istruzione di modificare la suddetta variabile. Il tutto senza segnalare nulla come warning o errori al termine della compilazione. Semplicemente il compilatore ignora le altre istruzioni, ovunque siano nelle varie POU. \nQuesto significa che se la variabile X (di tipo BOOL) è manipolata in qualunque punto del progetto con una ACTION dentro uno STEP IEC, allora qualunque altra istruzione in ST dentro uno STEP-NON-IEC, o altro che non sia una ACTION dentro uno STEP IEC, NON sortirà alcun effetto sulla variabile a run-time (anche se fosse da eseguire prima della ACTION in STEP IEC). \nQuesto è un bug molto subdolo. \nPer evitare problemi, si consiglia di usare SOLO STEP NON-IEC o, in alternativa, fare attenzione affinché le variabili usate in azioni di step IEC non vengano utilizzate altrove (ovvero: se una variabile viene manipolata in una azione di step IEC, deve essere trattata sempre in quel modo).
[The proteins of the ejaculatory bulbs in different species of Drosophila].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A comparative electrophoretic study or ejaculatory bulb proteins in 29 different Drosophila species has been carried out. In all analyzed species, ejaculatory bulb contains a major component (designated as PEB). It has molecular mass of 61-65 kDa in the species of virilis group, 33-36 kDa in species of obscura group, and 34-56 kDa in species of melanogaster group. Using immunoblotting technique, we have demonstrated that PEB is introduced into organs of female sex tract during mating. The nature and significance of revealed interspecific differences in PEB proteins has been discussed.
The influence of different factors on the power-generation performance of reverse electrodialysis

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a nonpolluting energy technology which can convert the salinity gradient energy into electricity. In this paper, the influence of different influencing factors on the power-generation performance is studied experimentally via linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurement based on the electrochemical workstation platform. The results show that the increase in the number of cell pairs makes the open circuit voltage and stack resistance raise while the maximum power density of RED stack decreases continuously. The optimal value of maximum power density is obtained when the cell pair number is 5. Regardless of whether the solution concentration ratio is constant or not, increasing the solution concentration will cause the stack resistance to reduce and the power density gradually rises. The highest maximum power density is found at 120–4 g/L. Finally, as the flow rate increases, the open circuit voltage remains unchanged and the stack resistance decreases, so correspondingly the maximum power density increases constantly. When the flow rate is 40 L/h, the RED system has the best power generation performance.
Identification and use of treatment (tx) options in patients (pts) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) after comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP): A real-world study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

9076 Background: The number of targeted txs for NSCLC is increasing. By analyzing numerous molecular alterations, CGP may open more targeted tx options than single biomarker testing. Methods: We analyzed a database linking Flatiron Health electronic health record-based clinical and Foundation Medicine, Inc. (FMI) CGP genomic alteration (GA) data in US pts diagnosed from 1/2011 with aNSCLC, primarily from community practices, and with follow-up through 6/2018. We examined the prevalence and distribution of genomic findings, and agreement between tx received and CGP-directed tx options (approved for aNSCLC/other tumors) on the FMI report as a measure of clinical utility. The latter was evaluated in a subset of pts with sufficient tx and follow-up data after FMI testing. Results: Among 5112 FMI-tested pts (first test observed 8/2012), 49% had their FMI test before starting any line of tx, 97% had ≥ 1 GA with known/likely function (median = 5), and 85% had ≥ 1 potential tx option (52% had ≥ 1 option for aNSCLC and 33% had ≥ 1 for another tumor type only). In 1366 pts evaluable for tx agreement after FMI testing, 572 (42%) received a tx listed on the FMI report and 111 (8%) were enrolled in clinical trials. Pts with a tx option approved for aNSCLC were more likely to have a tx agreeing with an option on the FMI report (67% of 754) v pts with a tx option approved in another tumor type only (8% of 612). Among the 1366 pts, 14% had EGFR/ALK/ROS1/BRAF (EARB) tx options only. The remaining 1170 had a non-EARB tx option, either as their only option (1014; 87%), or in addition to an EARB tx option (156; 13%). The non-EARB tx options included 377 pts (32%) with a tumor mutational burden-associated tx option. In these 1170 pts, 341 (29%) had an agreeing tx besides EARB, and 100 (9%) were enrolled on trials. Conclusions: FMI CGP identified potential NSCLC-specific tx options/a clinical trial opportunity for 52% of pts with aNSCLC. Of the pts evaluated for tx agreement, almost ½ received a tx agreeing with an option on the FMI report and/or were enrolled in a clinical trial. FMI CGP adds value beyond single biomarker testing by identifying txs and trial options in a meaningful proportion of pts.
Nursing diagnostics in patients with polythraumatism: associated variables

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

ResumenObjetivo: Determinar las variables asociadas a los diagnósticos de enfermería en pacientes con politraumatismo atendidos en emergencia.Método: Diseño descriptivo correlacional; la muestra estuvo conformada por 105 pacientes a quienes se aplicó un cuestionario de variables sociodemográficas y clínicas y una lista de cotejo "Diagnósticos de enfermería de los pacientes con politraumatismo" (confiabilidad 0,94).Resultados: La mayoría de pacientes fueron varones jóvenes, solteros, con estudios secundarios y trabajo independiente.La mediana del tiempo de estancia fue de 4 horas.La causa más frecuente del politraumatismo fueron los accidentes de tránsito; predominó el politraumatismo leve.Se identificaron 12 diagnósticos de enfermería reales que corresponden a seis dominios, siendo los más afectados el dominio Confort (97,1 % Dolor Agudo), Afrontamiento/tolerancia al estrés (89,5 % Ansiedad), Actividad/reposo (58 % Deterioro de la movilidad física).Respecto a los diagnósticos de riesgo, el dominio más afectado fue Seguridad/protección (Riesgo de Infección y Riesgo de disfunción neurovascular periférica).Conclusiones: La frecuencia cardiaca fue la variable que mostró mayor fuerza de asociación y directa con el número de diagnósticos(r=0,506).El diagnóstico disminución del gasto cardiaco correlacionó en forma positiva con todos los diagnósticos de enfermería identificados, siendo más fuerte y directa con los diagnósticos patrón respiratorio ineficaz (r=0,783) y deterioro de la ventilación espontanea (r=0,748). Palabras clave:
A Terrain Elevation Map Generation Method Based on Self-Attention Mechanism and Multifeature Sketch

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To address the issues of low efficiency in manual terrain feature map annotating and poor realism in terrain elevation map generation, this paper proposes a terrain elevation map generation method based on self-attention mechanism and multifeature sketch. Firstly, the proposed method extracts features from a terrain elevation map using an adaptive feature enhancement method. Afterwards, our method adds a self-attention mechanism to the generator and discriminator of conditional generative adversarial network to capture the global spatial features and generates a realistic terrain elevation map. Finally, a level of detail method is used to visualize the three-dimensional terrain, and an interactive terrain editing tool for roaming interaction is implemented. Experimental data show that the proposed method performs well in subjective visual performance and objective criteria and has obvious advantages over other current typical methods.
Cervical Spine Stiffness and Geometry of the Young Human Male

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Injuries to the cervical spine incurred during emergency escape from high-performance aircraft are of concern to the Air Force. To provide for safety design, especially in view of newly considered additional head encumbrances such as helmet-mounted sights and displays, and chemical protection equipment, a detailed dynamic structural model of the human head-spine system has been developed. The presently described effort addresses the collection of cervical spine geometric, material property and failure data for use with this model.
Taurine induces a long-lasting increase of synaptic efficacy and axon excitability in the hippocampus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The physiological role of taurine, one of the most abundant free amino acids in the mammalian brain, is still poorly understood. We have found that bath application of the amino acid taurine induces two opposite actions on field excitatory synaptic potentials (fEPSP) recorded in the CA1 area of hippocampal slices: a decrease in fEPSP slope prevented by GABAA antagonists, and a long-lasting potentiation of fEPSP independent of GABAA or NMDA receptor activation. Two long-lasting processes account for this taurine-induced potentiation: (1) an increase in synaptic efficacy that is accompanied neither by modifications in the basic postsynaptic membrane electrical properties nor by those presynaptic changes involved in fEPSP paired-pulse facilitation; and (2) an increase in the axon excitability revealed by a reduction on the threshold for antidromic action potential activation. In addition, taurine perfusion also induces a long-lasting increase in intracellularly recorded EPSPs and monosynaptically activated IPSPs. A number of experimental observations such as temperature dependence, extracellular Na+ concentration dependence, and saturation studies, although they are not unequivocally conclusive, suggest that the taurine uptake system is required for the taurine-induced fEPSP potentiation. Our data describe a new taurine action defined as a potentiation of synaptic transmission due in part to an increment in presynaptic axon excitability and in synaptic efficacy.