jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reduced activity of glycine decarboxylase: effects on photosynthesis and respiration in potato leaves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Photosynthesis, respiration and carbon metabolism in photosynthesizing leaves of potato (Solanum tuberosum L., var. Desiree) control plants and of its transformants (P1 and P15) with limited expression of glycine decarboxylase (GDC, EC 2.1.2.10) have been
Development of Formulations and Processes to Incorporate Wax Oleogels in Ice Cream

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of emulsifiers, waxes, fat concentration, and processing conditions on the application of wax oleogel to replace solid fat content and create optimal fat structure in ice cream. Ice creams with 10% or 15% fat were formulated with rice bran wax (RBW), candelilla wax (CDW), or carnauba wax (CBW) oleogels, containing 10% wax and 90% high‐oleic sunflower oil. The ice creams were produced using batch or continuous freezing processes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cryo‐scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the microstructure of ice cream and the ultrastructure of oleogel droplets in ice cream mixes. Among the wax oleogels, RBW oleogel had the ability to form and sustain structure in 15% fat ice creams when glycerol monooleate (GMO) was used as the emulsifier. TEM images revealed that the high degree of fat structuring observed in GMO samples was associated with the RBW crystal morphology within the fat droplet, which was characterized by the growth of crystals at the outer edge of the droplet. Continuous freezing improved fat structuring compared to batch freezing. RBW oleogels established better structure compared to CDW or CBW oleogels. These results demonstrate that RBW oleogel has the potential to develop fat structure in ice cream in the presence of GMO and sufficiently high concentrations of oleogel.
796 OUTCOMES OF DELAYED SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH RESIDUAL DISEASE AFTER NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY FOR OESOPHAGEAL CANCER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Standard treatment for locally advanced oesophageal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), plus surgery 6-8 weeks later. Time to surgery (TTS) after nCRT seems safe up to 12 weeks, and possibly improves patient condition and pathological response. However, it is unknown whether prolonged TTS is safe in patients with residual disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether prolonged TTS leads to inferior surgical outcomes and survival in patients with residual disease after nCRT. Methods Patients with pathologically confirmed residual disease 4-6 weeks after nCRT who underwent preoperative PET/CT and surgery were selected from the preSANO-trial and SANO-trial. Patients were stratified by TTS ≤12 weeks versus TTS &gt;12 weeks after completion of nCRT. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), peroperative unresectability, microscopically radical resections (R0), tumour regression grade (TRG), postoperative complications and risk of distant dissemination. Effects of TTS on OS, PFS and distant dissemination were analysed with Cox regression, adjusted for Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) at baseline, as well as WHO performance score and weight loss after nCRT. Results Forty-two patients were included in the TTS &gt;12 weeks and 132 patients in the TTS ≤12 weeks group. Median follow-up was 20.6 months (IQR 16.1-30.3). Adjusted hazard ratios for OS and PFS were 0.50 (95% CI: 0.24-1.02) and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.25-0.91), respectively, in favour of TTS &gt;12 weeks. Patients with TTS &gt;12 weeks had more postoperative complications (89% vs 72%, p = 0.049), but comparable peroperatively unresectable tumours (11.9% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.11), R0-resections (89% vs 87%, p = 0.89), and TRG-scores (p = 0.97) compared to patients with TTS ≤12 weeks. Patients with TTS &gt;12 weeks showed less distant dissemination (HR 0.40, 95% CI: 0.18-0.88). Conclusion Prolonged TTS beyond 12 weeks in patients with clinically proven residual disease after nCRT did not have a negative effect on OS and on PFS, but was correlated with an increase in postoperative complications. The (non-significantly) better survival outcomes for TTS &gt;12 weeks may be explained by the fact that patients had a lower risk of developing distant dissemination, which may reflect improved selection prior to surgery.
Independent Multiple‐Optical‐Parameter Modulations Enabled by Manipulating the Separate Levels of a Hierarchical Structure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Owing to their intrinsic multiple physical dimensions and high parallelism, photons are superior to electrons when they act as information carriers. The independent and dynamic spatial modulations of multiple optical parameters of light are highly pursued in vital fields such as supercomputing, constellation satellite and optical communications, virtual/augmented reality, and holographic displays. To date, it is still challenging to accomplish this urgent task with a single element. Here, multiple optical parameter modulations are carried out via manipulation of the separate levels of a hierarchical structure. Photopatterning, light irradiation, and an electric field are adopted to regulate the patterned crystallizations, lattice constants, and tilt angles of blue‐phase liquid crystals (BPLCs). As the optical parameters are associated with the individual structural features, it enables binary reflectance and spatial geometric phase modulations, reversable wavelength shifting, and continuous reflectance variations with excellent independency. This work unlocks the multi‐degree modulation of light and addresses the miniaturization, integration, and dynamic and multifunctional tendencies of rapidly growing optical informatics. Owing to its merits of omnidirectional, independent control, and dynamic response, it may dramatically upgrade the performance of existing optics.
The Functions of Publicity and of Privatization in Courts and Their Replacements (from Jeremy Bentham to #MeToo and Google Spain)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Jeremy Bentham theorized the disciplinary, educative, and evaluative utilities of public adjudication, in which third parties can observe and critique the proceedings. Constitutions around the world have applied those ideas through mandates for ‘open courts’ and ‘fair hearings,’ albeit translated in practice in diverse ways.
The contemporary #MeToo movement has deployed Bentham’s ‘publicity principle’ by using twenty-first century technologies to challenge institutions for failing to sanction sexual predators. The web has thus provided a function akin to what courts do—disseminating information and imposing discipline. These new technologies, enabling ‘online dispute resolution’ (ODR), augment efforts styled alternative dispute resolution (ADR) to transform courts or to route legal disputes to conclusions without courts. Neither ODR nor ADR, based in or out of courts, routinely builds in mechanisms for third-party access to processes or outcomes.
Ready access to information is not, however, an unmitigated good, as reflected in a new right ‘to be forgotten’ that eliminates materials from the web through decisions by a private adjudicator—Google. This chapter explores the impetus for reforming courts, the repeat players promoting new procedures, the challenges of regulating both process and information, and the fragility of commitments to state-provided public adjudication in which third parties are recognized as authorized to observe and critique.
Ultrafast Generation of Pseudo-magnetic Field for Valley Excitons in WSe2 Monolayers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new degree of freedom, the valley pseudospin, emerges in atomically thin two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (MX2) and has attracted great scientific interest. The capability to manipulate the valley pseudospin, in analogy to the control of spin in spintronics, can open up exciting opportunities in valleytronics. Here we demonstrate that an ultrafast and ultrahigh valley pseudomagnetic field can be generated using circularly polarized femtosecond pulses to selectively control the valley degree of freedom in monolayer MX2. Employing ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy, we observed a pure and valley-selective optical Stark effect in WSe2 monolayers from the non-resonant pump, which instantaneously lift the degeneracy of valley exciton transitions without any dissipation. The strength of the optical Stark effect scales linearly with both the pump intensity and the inverse of pump detuning. An energy splitting more than 10 meV between the K and K_prime valley transitions can be achieved, which corresponds to an effective pseudomagnetic field over 170 Tesla. Our study demonstrates efficient and ultrafast control of the valley excitons with optical light, and opens up the possibility to coherent manipulate the valley polarization for quantum information applications.
Parameter estimation of quadratic frequency modulated signal based on three‐dimensional scaled Fourier transform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a novel algorithm based on three‐dimensional scaled Fourier transform (TDSFT) is proposed for parameter estimation of a quadratic frequency modulated (QFM) signal. To solve the problem of signal‐to‐noise ratio loss caused by constant delay, a variable‐delay instantaneous autocorrelation function is first proposed. After that, two steps TDSFT and addition operation are performed to achieve three‐dimensional decoupling and coherent integration of signal energy. The analysis shows that the proposed algorithm can be efficiently implemented by a fast Fourier transform without any searching procedure. Moreover, it can deal with multi‐component QFM signals with satisfactory suppression of cross terms. Comparisons with three other popular methods, chirp rate‐quadratic chirp rate distribution, generalized scaled Fourier transform and generalized decoupling technique demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has superior anti‐noise performance due to the coherent integration of all signal energies. Extensive numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the TDSFT‐based algorithm.
Influence of family and academic satisfaction on life satisfaction among Peruvian university students in the times of COVID-19: The mediating role of self-esteem

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective To examine the effect of family and academic satisfaction on the self-esteem and life satisfaction among Peruvian university students. Method Of the 1,182 Peruvian university students who participated, 364 were male; and 818 were female; and ranged from 17 to 39 years of age (mean = 20.67, SD = 4.4). The family satisfaction scale (FSS), the Escala breve de satisfacción con los estudios (EBSE; Brief Academic Satisfaction Scale in Spanish), Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale (RSES), and the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) were used to perform the assessments. Results The study model showed an adequate fit (χ 2 19.5, p &lt; 0.001, CFI = 0.977, RMSEA = 0.057), confirming the association between family satisfaction and life satisfaction (β = 0.26, p &lt; 0.001) and self-esteem (β = 0.35, p &lt; 0.001), and the correlation between academic satisfaction and self-esteem (β = 0.35, p &lt; 0.001) and life satisfaction (β = 0.23, p &lt; 0.001). The model accounted for 42% of life satisfaction. Conclusion Family satisfaction and academic satisfaction affect self-esteem and life satisfaction.
Genome‐wide meta‐analysis of SNP and antihypertensive medication interactions on left ventricular traits in African Americans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy affects up to 43% of African Americans (AAs). Antihypertensive treatment reduces LV mass (LVM). However, interindividual variation in LV traits in response to antihypertensive treatments exists. We hypothesized that genetic variants may modify the association of antihypertensive treatment class with LV traits measured by echocardiography. Methods We evaluated the main effects of the three most common antihypertensive treatments for AAs as well as the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐by‐drug interaction on LVM and relative wall thickness (RWT) in 2,068 participants across five community‐based cohorts. Treatments included thiazide diuretics (TDs), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE‐Is), and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (dCCBs) and were compared in a pairwise manner. We performed fixed effects inverse variance weighted meta‐analyses of main effects of drugs and 2.5 million SNP‐by‐drug interaction estimates. Results We observed that dCCBs versus TDs were associated with higher LVM after adjusting for covariates ( p = 0.001). We report three SNPs at a single locus on chromosome 20 that modified the association between RWT and treatment when comparing dCCBs to ACE‐Is with consistent effects across cohorts (smallest p = 4.7 × 10 −8 , minor allele frequency range 0.09–0.12). This locus has been linked to LV hypertrophy in a previous study. A marginally significant locus in BICD1 (rs326641) was validated in an external population. Conclusions Our study identified one locus having genome‐wide significant SNP‐by‐drug interaction effect on RWT among dCCB users in comparison to ACE‐I users. Upon additional validation in future studies, our findings can enhance the precision of medical approaches in hypertension treatment.
The Development of a Patient Care Center in a Supermarket Chain Pharmacy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The objective of this manuscript is to describe the development and implementation of a patient care center in a grocery store supermarket chain pharmacy. Methods: A clinical pharmacist and shared faculty member between Wayne State University and Kroger Pharmacy developed a patient care center and rotation site for P4 PharmD advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs). The site was developed to provide advanced pharmacy services to patients and as a practice site for students to learn how to deliver care. Preliminary outcomes observed include the number and types of patients that utilized the patient care center and the educational experiences provided for student pharmacists practicing in this setting. Results: Since implementation, 160 patients visited the patient care center. The pharmacists involved in the clinic performed 30 biometric screenings and 47 comprehensive medication reviews. Conclusions: Establishing a patient care center in a supermarket pharmacy provides important care for patients and valuable learning experiences for student pharmacists. The collaborative efforts of both Wayne State University and Kroger Pharmacy demonstrate commitment to providing clinical care to patients and strong clinical community practice experiences for students. Future goals include creating more clinical services in the community and practice experiences for students.
Angiostrongylus cantonensisInfection of Central Nervous System, Guiana Shield

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We report a case of eosinophilic meningitis complicated by transverse myelitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a 10-year-old boy from Brazil who had traveled to Suriname. We confirmed diagnosis by serology and real-time PCR in the cerebrospinal fluid. The medical community should be aware of angiostrongyliasis in the Guiana Shield.
ISOCAM‐CVF 5–12 Micron Spectroscopy of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present low resolution mid infrared spectra of 16 ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) obtained with the CVF spectroscopy mode of ISOCAM on board the Infrared Space Observatory ISO. Our sample completes previous ISO spectroscopy of ultra- and hyperluminous infrared galaxies towards higher luminosities. The combined samples cover an infrared luminosity range of \~10^{12 -13.1} Lo. For about half of the high luminosity ULIRGs studied here, strong aromatic emission bands suggest starburst dominance. Other spectra are dominated by a strong AGN-related continuum with weak superposed emission features of uncertain nature. An improved method to quantitatively characterize the relative contribution of star formation and AGN activity to the mid-infrared emission of ULIRGs is presented. As dominant source of the bolometric luminosity, starbursts prevail at the lower end and AGNs at the higher end of this range. The transition between mostly starburst and mostly AGN powered occurs at ~10^{12.4}$ to $10^{12.5} Lo, and individual luminous starbursts are found up to ~10^{12.65} Lo.
ELECTRODERMAL RESPONSE CONFIGURATION AS A FUNCTION OF RATED PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Electrodermally labile children of schizophrenic, manic-depressive, and normal parents were identified as either uniphasic or biphasic responders, in each of three phases of a psychophysiological experiment. Psychological disturbance ratings, based upon test protocols, were determined independently. Analysis of the relationship between electrodermal response configuration and rated psychological pathology showed that biphasic responders were evaluated as more disturbed than uniphasic responders. The results were interpreted within a framework provided by Edelberg's work on the information content of the electrodermal recovery limb, and were seen as relevant to notions regarding schizophrenic information processing. It was hypothesized that in this situation, uniphasic responding reflected an adaptive defense against stimuli perceived as potentially threatening, whereas biphasic responding indicated overprocessing and inappropriate goal orientation.
Comparative Effectiveness Research on Renal Colic therapy with Combined Usage of Anisodamine, Phloroglucinol and Diclofenac Sodium Lidocaine, Promethazine Respectively

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy of renal colic using anisodamine,phloroglucinol and diclofenac sodium lidocaine,promethazine respectively.Method 488 patients who were definitely diagnosed with renal colic caused by calculus in our department from July 2010 to June 2012 are divided into four treatment groups.Group A is treated with anisodamine and diclofenac sodium lidocaine injection.Group B receives phloroglucinol injection and diclofenac sodium and lidocaine hydrochloride treatment.Group C uses anisodamine and promethazine injection.Group D uses phloroglucinol and promethazine.Analgesic effect,side effect and 24h recurrence rate will be observed among different groups 30 mins and 60 mins after treatment.Results It is found that total effective rates of groupA,B,C and D are 92.0%,96.3%,93.2% and 95.1% respectively;incidences of side effects are 11.7%,5%,12.5% and 8.7% respectively;24h recurrence rates are 10.2%,7.5%,9% and 8.7% respectively.Conclusion It is concluded that group B is with better analgesic effect,less side effects and lower 24h recurrence rate.
Establishing conditioned reinforcers in individuals with developmental disabilities: comparison of the stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure and the discriminative control procedure

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Individuals with developmental disabilities may be sensitive to a limited number of conditioned reinforcers. Therefore, the development of effective procedures to establish conditioned reinforcers in this population is of major practical importance. However, therapeutic procedures targeting the acquisition of novel conditioned reinforcers have not been extensively evaluated in the applied literature. Stimulus-stimulus pairing, a procedure consistent with a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm, has demonstrated inconsistent results. A second alternative suggests that stimuli may be conditioned as reinforcers due to their role as discriminative stimuli during operant responding. In Experiment 1, I evaluated the level of conditioned reinforcement produced by these two methods. For four of the five participants of Experiment 1, both procedures induced levels of responding above the baseline range. However, the effects were often variable and delayed. Only one participant showed differentiated levels of responding across procedures. Experiment 1 did not explore the mechanisms involved in conditioned reinforcement. Therefore, in Experiment 2 I examined the effects of satiating the primary (unconditional) reinforcers, which could reveal the learning principle involved. Experiment 2 also demonstrated the acquisition of conditioned reinforcers through both procedures. However, the satiation manipulation did not significantly change the levels of operant responding established through conditioned reinforcement, which would be consistent with a Pavlovian hypothesis.
Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Cu, Zn and Cd Pollution in Beijing, China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The soil heavy metal pollution have be paid more attention because the sources of soil heavy metals become multiple and complicated with the accelerated urbanization. According to this research, the order of spatial distribution of soil heavy metal Cu, Zn and Cd pollution in Beijing shows that: the center district > suburb > outer suburb. The soil pollution by Zn is more serious in Beijing and the grade of the soil Zn pollution has reached highest in the central district. By comparison, the soil pollution by Cu and Cd is slight, the soil in central district, Chaoyang, Changping and Miyun has caught light Cu pollution, and only in center district, Chaoyang and Fengtai has caught light Cd pollution.
Supplemental Material, Appendix_1 - Implementation of the Mini-Child Tourette Syndrome Impairment Scale: Relationships to Symptom Severity and Treatment Decisions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental Material, Appendix_1 for Implementation of the Mini-Child Tourette Syndrome Impairment Scale: Relationships to Symptom Severity and Treatment Decisions by Jordan F. Garris, David A. Huddleston, Hannah S. Jackson, Paul S. Horn and Donald L. Gilbert in Journal of Child Neurology