jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Consumers Perception on Nutritional Bars. A Case Study: Nutritional Bars Based on Aronia By-products

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nutritional bars have become popular functional foods, offering both convenience and health benefits. This overview examines nutritional bars incorporating aronia by-products, focusing on their nutritional composition, health benefits, consumer perceptions, and sustainability implications. Aronia melanocarpa, is noted for its high antioxidant content, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which effectively reduce oxidative stress and cellular damage. Consumer acceptance of aronia-based nutritional bars is influenced by perceived health benefits, taste, ingredient transparency, and sustainability. A study conducted between February and May 2024 used a 24-item survey to investigate consumer perceptions of aronia-based nutritional bars among 384 residents of Cluj-Napoca and nearby villages. The survey covered demographics, knowledge of protein and aronia bars, consumer perceptions, and general views on aronia bars. The study found that the most important factor for consumers was the perceived positive effect of aronia-based protein bars in managing protein deficiency. The findings suggest that increasing product availability and addressing informational gaps could enhance market acceptance and meet consumer demand in Romania.
Software pipelining for coarse-grained reconfigurable instruction set processors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper shows that software pipelining can be an effective technique for code generation for coarse-grained reconfigurable instruction set processors. The paper describes a technique, based on adding an operation assignment phase to software pipelining, that performs reconfigurable instruction generation and instruction scheduling on a combined algorithm. Although typical compilers for reconfigurable processors perform these steps separately, results show that the combination enables a successful usage of the reconfigurable resources. The assignment algorithm is the key for using software pipelining on the reconfigurable processor. The technique presented is also able to exploit spatial computation inside the reconfigurable functional unit by which the output of a processing element is directly connected to the input of another processing element without the need of an intermediate register. Results show that it is possible to reduce the cycle count by using this spatial computation.
Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma: novel histological and immunohistochemical observations as evidence for a single entity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma have, in the past, been variously regarded as both similar and distinct entities. Currently, WHO classifies these tumours separately. We compared archetypal cases to identify novel histomorphological and immunohistochemical features attempting to clarify their mutual relationship. Methods and results 10 osteoid osteomas and 20 osteoblastomas (10 spinal and 10 non-spinal) were retrieved and reviewed clinically, radiologically and histologically. Immunohistochemistry was performed for: desmin, SMA, neurofilament, S100, vimentin, PGP9.5, GFAP, EMA, caldesmon, CD34, broad-spectrum cytokeratins, claudin-1. We identified features, common to both osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma, namely, areas of lesional non-osteoblastic stroma and the presence of scattered, large cells with smudged/degenerate nuclei. Immunohistochemically, we confirmed the innervated status of osteoid osteomas, and found that osteoblastomas were similarly innervated. The non-osteoblastic lesional stroma was distinctive owing to expression of EMA and NSE by the mesenchymal spindle cells and expression of desmin, PGP9.5 and S100 by the scattered, large cells with ‘smudged’ nuclei. Conclusions Both osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma are innervated bone-forming lesions which share novel histomorphological and immunohistochemical features supporting the view that separate classification is unjustified, and we offer a pathogenetic explanation for their apparent clinical and radiological variance.
SLIM Trims STATs: Ubiquitin E3 Ligases Provide Insights for Specificity in the Regulation of Cytokine Signaling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway has evolved to serve highly specialized functions in the regulation of hematopoiesis, cell metabolism, and immune responses. The duration, strength, and specificity of cytokine signaling are controlled by several mechanisms, including the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, which modulates the turnover of cytokine receptors and activated JAKs. The specificity of the ubiquitin pathway is achieved through various E3 ligase complexes that recognize and interact with distinct target proteins, often in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Intriguing new information about the ubiquitin pathway came with the identification of an E3 ubiquitin ligase, SLIM, that specifically interacts with activated STAT1 and STAT4 and induces their ubiquitination and degradation. These findings, together with the evidence from paramyxoviruses about the role of ubiquitination as a highly specific STAT inhibition mechanism, highlight the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases as specificity determinants in the regulation of STAT activation, and open the field for investigation of additional E3s that target other STAT proteins.
Simultaneous analysis of phytohormones, phytotoxins, and volatile organic compounds in plants

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Phytohormones regulate the protective responses of plants against both biotic and abiotic stresses by means of synergistic or antagonistic actions referred to as signaling crosstalk. A bottleneck in crosstalk research is the quantification of numerous interacting phytohormones and regulators. The chemical analysis of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid is typically achieved by using separate and complex methodologies. Moreover, pathogen-produced phytohormone mimics, such as the phytotoxin coronatine (COR), have not been directly quantified in plant tissues. We address these problems by using a simple preparation and a GC-MS-based metabolic profiling approach. Plant tissue is extracted in aqueous 1-propanol and mixed with dichloromethane. Carboxylic acids present in the organic layer are methylated by using trimethylsilyldiazomethane; analytes are volatilized under heat, collected on a polymeric absorbent, and eluted with solvent into a sample vial. Analytes are separated by using gas chromatography and quantified by using chemical-ionization mass spectrometry that produces predominantly [M+H] + parent ions. We use this technique to examine levels of COR, phytohormones, and volatile organic compounds in model systems, including Arabidopsis thaliana during infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, corn ( Zea mays ) under herbivory by corn earworm ( Helicoverpa zea ), tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ) after mechanical damage, and tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) during drought stress. Numerous complex changes induced by pathogen infection, including the accumulation of COR, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid illustrate the potential and simplicity of this approach in quantifying signaling crosstalk interactions that occur at the level of synthesis and accumulation.
Controversies concerning adjuvant regional isolated perfusion for stage I melanoma of the extremities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The use of isolated perfusion with melphalan in an adjuvant setting for stage I extremity melanoma continues to be controversial. In this article, 2 retrospective studies compare patients undergoing perfusion from Groningen, the Netherlands, with matched controls from the Sydney Melanoma Unit in Australia and from 5 hospitals in the Netherlands and Westphalia (a region of Germany bordering the Netherlands). All patients underwent wide local excision for a primary extremity melanoma of 1.5 mm or more in thickness. In the first study, women with a melanoma of the leg (excluding the foot) and treated with perfusion had a significantly higher survival than women treated with local excision alone. In the second study, a proportional hazards regression analysis for recurrent disease and survival identified no statistically significant difference in favor of adjuvant perfusion. Two other studies from the literature evaluating the efficacy of perfusion are examined. Patients treated at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, with wide local excision and perfusion are compared retrospectively with a group of patients individually matched for prognostic factors from the University of Alabama in Birmingham, U.S.A. and the Sydney Melanoma Unit. A small subset of patients with tumors >2 mm thick benefited from perfusion. A prospective randomized study from the University Hospital, Cologne, West Germany found benefits for all perfused patients with tumors >1.5 mm but their patients did not appear to be individually matched for tumor thickness. It is concluded after critical appraisal of all these studies that there is insufficient convincing evidence to date of an advantage of perfusion over wide local excision alone.
Electrochemical and Structural Characterization of Ti-V-Ni Hydrogen Storage Alloys with BCC Structure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Various Ti‐V‐Ni hydrogen storage alloys branched from , one of Ni‐substituted alloys, were prepared by an arc‐melting method. All alloys prepared in this work were composed of both black and white phases to a greater or lesser extent. It was found by X‐ray diffractometry and electron probe microanalysis that the black and white phases were assignable to V‐based solid solution and TiNi‐based and traces of alloys, respectively. Their pressure composition isotherms suggested that alloy had potentiality of high discharge capacity . The maximum discharge capacity of the alloy observed in charge‐discharge cycle tests was at the discharge current density of , which was the highest value among the Ti‐V‐Ni alloys with body‐centered cubic structure reported until now. This seems to be because the black and white phases in the alloy form the most appropriate network which facilitates the hydrogen absorption and desorption. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Management of Severe Non Immune Hydrops Fetalis Cases: The Role of Diagnostic and/or Therapeutic Interventions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Non-immune hydrops fetalis (NHF) may have a wide variety of etiologies. The prognosis of this condition is generally poor. There are no standard, optimal management strategies and the clinical management presents a dilemma most of the time. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively evaluated 8 NHF cases which several intrauterine interventions are performed. We discuss the role of such interventions in NHF cases. RESULTS: In these 8 cases, we performed the three interventional methods (FBS, IUT, and intravenous Sandoglobulin) for NHF. 6 patients of them had hydrops fetalis, one had renal agenesia and hydrops and the other had maternal acute CMV infections. CONCLUSION: These interventions gave us some oppurtunities. For example, the fetus in the first case, could be followed until 35th gestational weeks and was delivered alive. By this way a postnatal diagnosis of galactosialidosis could be possible. Having this information will be useful for the patient when planning the future pregnancies
Artocarmins G–M, Prenylated 4‑Chromenones from the Stems of <i>Artocarpus rigida</i> and Their Tyrosinase\nInhibitory Activities

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Phytochemical analysis of an EtOAc\nextract of the stems of <i>Artocarpus rigida</i> led to\nthe identification of seven new prenylated 4-chromenones, artocarmins\nG–M (<b>1</b>–<b>7</b>), and nine known\ncompounds (<b>8</b>–<b>17</b>). Their structures\nwere identified based on physical data analysis. In the tyrosinase\ninhibitory activity test, norartocarpetin (<b>8</b>) displayed\nthe strongest effect, with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 0.023 μM.
Time Limit of Silkworm Bombyx mori Cold Storage for Transgenic Research

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Time limit of silkworm Bombyx mori cold storage was investigated to meet demand of silkworm eggs at any time for transgenic research. Results showed that fairly many of silkworm moths freshly emerged and preserved at 4℃ within 4 days could mate and lay eggs which can develop normally; There was no significant change if silkworm pupae were cold stored within 12 days and was a gradually weaken if being from 13 days to 20 days in mating and egg-laying of silkworm moths. But normal eggs were still available if having enough pupae.
Epitope analysis of insulin autoantibodies using recombinant Fab

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Autoantibodies to insulin are often the first autoantibodies detected in young children with type 1 diabetes and can be present before the onset of clinical diabetes. These autoantibodies and their epitopes are, however, not well characterized. We explored the use of monoclonal antibodies and their recombinant Fab as reagents for epitope analysis. In this study we cloned and characterized the recombinant Fab of the insulin-specific monoclonal antibody CG7C7. We found the epitope of this antibody to be located predominantly at the A-chain loop of the insulin molecule. The recombinant Fab was then used to compete for insulin binding against insulin autoantibodies present in sera from patients with type 1 or type 1·5 diabetes. In competition experiments with sera positive for autoantibodies to insulin the recombinant Fab significantly reduced the binding to [125I]-insulin by sera of type 1 (n = 35) and type 1·5 diabetes [latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA)] (n = 14) patients (P &lt; 0·0001). We conclude that competition between insulin-specific monoclonal antibodies or their recombinant Fab and insulin autoantibodies should prove useful in the epitope analysis of autoantibodies to insulin.
Euthanasia in the United States of America

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Téma předkládané bakalářské práce je Eutanazie ve Spojených státech Amerických. Cílem této práce je seznámit čtenáře s tématem eutanazie jako takovým a pohlédnout do historie a současnosti v zahraničí, konkrétně ve Spojených státech Amerických. Práce je rozdělena na teoretickou a praktickou část. \nV první kapitole teoretické části jsou vysvětleny základní pojmy, se kterými se v tomto tématu často setkáváme. Další kapitola se zabývá eutanazií ve Spojených státech Amerických. Následuje kapitola o Jacku Kevorkianovi a kapitola zabývající se eutanazií a náboženstvím. \nCílem praktické části této bakalářské práce bylo analyzovat znalost a názory českých občanů. Byl rozeslán anonymní dotazník. Odpovědi respondentů jsou analyzovány na základě grafů. Rozesílaný dotazník je přiložen v příloze.
Classification of Alzheimer's Disease with and without Imagery Using Gradient Boosted Machines and ResNet-50

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Alzheimer's is a disease for which there is no cure. Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) early facilitates family planning and cost control. The purpose of this study is to predict the presence of AD using socio-demographic, clinical, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. Early detection of AD enables family planning and may reduce costs by delaying long-term care. Accurate, non-imagery methods also reduce patient costs. The Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS-1) cross-sectional MRI data were analyzed. A gradient boosted machine (GBM) predicted the presence of AD as a function of gender, age, education, socioeconomic status (SES), and Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE). A Residual Network with 50 layers (ResNet-50) predicted CDR presence and severity from MRI's (multi-class classification). The GBM achieved a mean 91.3% prediction accuracy (10-fold stratified cross validation) for dichotomous CDR using socio-demographic and MMSE variables. MMSE was the most important feature. ResNet-50 using image generation techniques based on an 80% training set resulted in 98.99% three class prediction accuracy on 4,139 images (20% validation set) at Epoch 133 and nearly perfect multi-class predication accuracy on the training set (99.34%). Machine Learning methods classify AD with high accuracy. GBM models may help provide initial detection based on non-imagery analysis, while ResNet-50 network models might help identify AD patients automatically prior to provider review.
Issues of Sustainable Development of Digital Agriculture and Equipment of Qualified Personnel

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Мақолада рақамли қишлоқ хўжалиги тушунчаси, қишлоқ хўжалигини рақамлаштиришнинг муҳим жиҳатлари ва асосий йўналишлари, шунингдек, ушбу жараёнда малакали кадрларга қўйиладиган талаблар ҳамда кадрлар таъминоти тизимини такомиллаштириш бўйича фикр-мулоҳазалар билдирилган.
Comparison of Automated Controller Settings for Irrigation and Fertilizer Needs of Potted Geranium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The future of agricultural water availability is threatened by climate change, population growth, and environmental regulations. Most of the global water is being used for crop irrigation. The objective of this research was to determine optimum timer-based controller settings and controlled-released fertilizer rates for ‘American Red’ ( Pelargoium ×hortorum ) potted geranium plants. Fertilizer was top-dressed at 3, 6, or 9 g. Plants were irrigated by a timer-based controller set to water at 11:00 AM every other day for 2 minutes, 9:00 AM and 2:00 PM for 1 minute per day, 11:00 AM for 1 minute per day, 11:00 AM for 2 minutes per day, and a control of manual hand watering. Data regarding plant growth, soil and leaf nutrients, and water use were collected. For geranium growth factors, the total flowers per plant was greatest for irrigation at 11:00 AM for 1 minute with 6 g fertilizer. Plant height and shoot dry weight were greatest for 6 and 9 g fertilizer. The number of umbels and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter readings were greatest for 9 g fertilizer. For geranium soil nutrient content, the pH was greatest for 3 g fertilizer, whereas the electrical conductivity, potassium, nitrate, sulfate, and boron were greatest for 6 and 9 g fertilizer. Regarding the nutrient content of the leaves, total nitrogen, boron, iron, and copper were greatest for 9 g fertilizer. Water use efficiency was greatest with 6 and 9 g fertilizer and irrigation 1 minute per day at 11:00 AM. The findings indicated that using timer-based controlled irrigation systems programmed to water for 1 minute during the morning with 6 g fertilizer resulted in plants that not only reduced water consumption but also enhanced water use efficiency and overall plant quality.
Data from A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Study Comparing the Tolerability and Efficacy of Ipilimumab Administered with or without Prophylactic Budesonide in Patients with Unresectable Stage III or IV Melanoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Diarrhea (with or without colitis) is an immune-related adverse event (irAE) associated with ipilimumab. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, multinational phase II trial was conducted to determine whether prophylactic budesonide (Entocort EC), a nonabsorbed oral steroid, reduced the rate of grade ≥2 diarrhea in ipilimumab-treated patients with advanced melanoma.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Previously treated and treatment-naïve patients (<i>N</i> = 115) with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma received open-label ipilimumab (10 mg/kg every 3 weeks for four doses) with daily blinded budesonide (group A) or placebo (group B) through week 16. The first scheduled tumor evaluation was at week 12; eligible patients received maintenance treatment starting at week 24. Diarrhea was assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) 3.0. Patients kept a diary describing their bowel habits.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Budesonide did not affect the rate of grade ≥2 diarrhea, which occurred in 32.7% and 35.0% of patients in groups A and B, respectively. There were no bowel perforations or treatment-related deaths. Best overall response rates were 12.1% in group A and 15.8% in group B, with a median overall survival of 17.7 and 19.3 months, respectively. Within each group, the disease control rate was higher in patients with grade 3 to 4 irAEs than in patients with grade 0 to 2 irAEs, although many patients with grade 1 to 2 irAEs experienced clinical benefit. Novel patterns of response to ipilimumab were observed.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Ipilimumab shows activity in advanced melanoma, with encouraging survival and manageable adverse events. Budesonide should not be used prophylactically for grade ≥2 diarrhea associated with ipilimumab therapy. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(17):5591–8)</p></div>
Effects of advertisements on different age groups.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Advertisements play an important role in today’s market. They help companies to maximize sales of their products, which ensure their profitability and long-term sustainability. Effective advertisements are needed to help companies achieve these goals. However, different age groups have different neurological characteristics. Examples of these neurological characteristics include attentional control and cognitive processing. These neurological characteristics may cause different effectiveness on different age groups by the same advertisement. Thus, companies should understand these different neurological characteristics in order to design advertisements that are effective to their specific target group. However, these researches will have several implications on the advertising industry. These include ethics of using these researches. Thus, the advertising industry should understand this area of research and its applications clearly. This will help them to maximize benefits to their industry and consumers.
Non-terpenoidal constituents of Azadirachta indica root bark

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan E-mail: siddiqui_bina@yahoo.com Fax : 92-21-99261713-14 Manuscript received 01 July 2013, accepted 02 July 2013 A new steroid named as margocidin (1) has been isolated from the neutral fraction of the methylene chloride extract of neem roots along with the known 3β-hydroxy stigmast-5-en-7-one (2) and ferula aldehyde (3) hitherto unreported from any of the various parts of neem tree. The structures of these compounds have been determined through chemical and spectroscopic methods. The fatty acid components of petrol soluble fraction were also identified through GC-MS.