jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Is retinal vasculature a biomarker in amyloid proven Alzheimer's disease?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The retina is a potential source of noninvasive vascular biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assessed retinal microvasculature in well‐characterized AD cases, taking ophthalmological confounders into account. Methods We included 48 amyloid‐positive AD patients and 38 amyloid‐negative cognitively normal control subjects. All participants underwent ophthalmological screening to exclude interfering ocular disease. Using a multimodal approach, we measured retinal vascular parameters, choroidal thickness, macular vascular density, and foveal avascular zone size. Results We found no disease effects on retinal vascular measures (all β′s < |0.15|, all P > .2), adjusted for confounders. Venular tortuosity was inversely associated with Fazekas score in control subjects (β −0.56, P < .01), while vessel density in the outer ring of the macula was inversely associated with Fazekas score in AD cases (β −0.64, P < .01). Discussion In conclusion, retinal vasculature did not discriminate patients with AD from control subjects, despite evident changes on clinical, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, challenging the use of retinal vasculature measurements as AD biomarker.
Inherited neurodegenerative diseases

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Case History—A 54 yr old man presenting with intermittent focal neurological signs. Many nervous system disorders have a genetic basis, but may be difficult to diagnose because of nonspecific signs, slow progression, and lack of any family history. Neurodegenerative disorders present an enormous challenge because of the complexity of the nervous system, the broad clinical and genetic heterogeneity characteristic of these diseases, and the progressive and generally irreversible nature of their neuropathology. A mutated gene is generally at fault, resulting in decreased production of a structural or regulatory protein important for the development or normal functioning of a special part of the nervous system....
Anti- Hypertensive Drug Induced Gingival Enlargement-A Case Report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: Drug induced gingival overgrowth refers to the abnormal growth of the gingival tissues secondary to the use of a systemic medication. Certain anticonvulsants, immunosuppressive drugs and a number of calcium channel blockers have been shown to produce similar gingival overgrowths in certain susceptible patients. Amlodipine is a comparatively new calcium channel blocker and is being used with increasing frequency in the management of hypertension and angina. Although amlodipine is considered as a safe drug, very rarely it may induce gingival overgrowth and hence it is of concern to the dental practitioner. Aim: This case report aims at drawing the attention of the dentists towards the adverse effects of amlodipine along with providing a brief review of the pharmacologic profile of this drug and its effects on the gingiva. Results: After one month of drug substitution, there was a significant regression in the size of gingival enlargement in both the arches with no recurrence noted till this report was framed.
Experimental Observations and Simulations by Genomic Object Net of Notch Signaling in Drosophila Multicellular Systems

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Delta-Notch signaling system plays an essential role in various morphogenetic systems of multicellular animal development [1]. Here we analyzed the mechanism of Notch-dependent boundary formation in the Drosophila large intestine by experimental manipulation of Delta expression and computational modeling and simulation by Genomic Object Net (GON) [3]. GON is proved to be a useful and flexible biosimulation system that is suitable for analyzing complex biological phenomena such as patternings of multicellular systems as well as intracellular changes in cell states including metabolic activities, gene regulation, and enzyme reactions.
Treatment for overactive bladder: A meta-analysis of tibial versus parasacral neuromodulation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of parasacral neuromodulation (PNS) versus tibial nerve stimulation (TNS) for patients with overactive bladder (OAB). Methods: Databases including PubMed, Embase, clinicalTrial.gov, and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched from January 1, 1999 to September 9, 2022. The improvements in a 3-day voiding diary were set as the primary outcomes. Then, the scores of overactive bladder-validated 8-question awareness tool (OAB-V8), King’s health questionnaire (KHQ), and international consultation on incontinence questionnaire overactive bladder (ICIQ-OAB) were also evaluated. Results: Five articles (4 randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and 1 prospective study) including 255 OAB patients were enrolled. Two kinds of neuromodulations had similar performances in the micturition (mean difference [MD] = 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.51 to 1.04, P = .50), urgency episodes (MD = –0.16, 95% CI: –0.64 to 0.31, P = .50), incontinence episodes (MD = 0.09, 95% CI: –0.41 to 0.59, P = .72), as well as in the nocturia episodes (MD = 0.04, 95% CI: –0.45 to 0.52, P = .89). Furthermore, there was no difference regarding ICIQ-OAB scores ( P = .83), KHQ ( P = .91), and OAB-V8 scores ( P = .83). Importantly, included studies reported no adverse events in the 2 groups. Conclusion: TNS and PNS had similar effectiveness for the treatment of OAB, moreover, without any identified adverse events in both groups. However, well-designed RCTs are stilled needed to verify our results.
On Ringworm and Vegetable Parasites

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

fungus." (Diagnost.und pathlogenetische Untersuchungen, Blerlin, 1845, pp.200-2.)Dr. Lowe thinks that the favus in Remak's experiiments originated the penicillin ; fan(d that it, as well as aspergillus, is capable of originating the disease.
LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES OF THE APPOINTMENT AND CARRYING OUT LEGAL EXPERT EXAMINATION IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE OF UKRAINE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ñòàòò³ ðîçãëÿäàþòüñÿ ïèòàííÿ ùîäî ïðèçíà÷åííÿ òà ïðîâåäåííÿ ñóäîâî-ìèñòåöòâîçíàâ÷èõ åêñïåðòèç ó îêðåìèõ êàòåãîð³ÿõ êðèì³íàëüíèõ ïðîâàäaeåíü
Seed dispersal, herbivory and recruitment failure of Persoonia elliptica (Proteaceae) in Western Australian Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Persoonia elliptica is a resprouting understorey tree species of the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forests of South-Western Australia. All known populations are lacking in seedlings and saplings, resulting in population structures made up solely of mature trees and exhibiting clear recruitment failure. Little research has been done on this species other than a single study by Abbott and Van Heurck (1988) which described population structures and speculated that increased kangaroo herbivory might be the cause of recruitment failure. This study addresses the issue of recruitment failure, in particular with regards to seed production, viability and dispersal, and herbivory. This work describes the ecology of the species including fruit production, seed viability and population structure. The relationship between P. elliptica and the fauna of the region is examined with regard to seed dispersal vectors and dispersal distances, while the role macropods play in seedling and new growth herbivory and the link with recruitment failure is also examined. \n \nTwo study sites were investigated over a period of eight months in the northern jarrah forest region, at Avon Valley National Park and in state forest near Sawyers Valley. Species ecology was examined using fruit counts, tree size measurements and soil seed bank estimation, while seed dispersal and herbivory were examined using seed removal ‘cafeteria’ experiments and infrared motion sensing cameras to detect and record faunal activity. \n \nFruit production is low in P. elliptica with only 9% of flowers becoming mature fruits. Seed viability is high in new season seeds, but seeds collected from the soil seed bank (assumed aged one year or older) were not viable. Five fauna species act as dispersal vectors of P. elliptica seed; Macropus fuliginosus, Macropus Irma, Strepera versicolour, Mus musculus and Oryctolagus cuniculus. Of these the currawong (S. versicolour) has not previously been observed interacting with P. elliptica seeds. Macropods exhibited a strong browsing preference for P. elliptica when presented with fresh foliage, and are also therefore, likely to consume seedlings. The wallaby, M. Irma, browsed foliage to a height of 0.5 metres while the kangaroo, M. fuliginosus, browsed foliage up to one metre. This level of browsing pressure is a potential cause of recruitment failure. \n \nThe key findings of the study highlight that recruitment failure within populations of P. elliptica is likely to be caused by a number of factors potentially relating to the species ecology and relationships with fauna, particularly herbivores. This raises questions on the potential for this species to persist into the future within the jarrah forest and provides vital information concerning possible management approaches to encourage recruitment.
The Master's Apprentice: How do Australian medical interns learn?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The 2015 Review of Medical Intern Training Discussion Paper (Australian Health Ministers' Advisory Council, 2015) questions the purpose and effectiveness of the current model of internship. However, there is limited literature describing how the medical internship functioned when first established in Australia, or how the educational model has changed over the years.Methods: A study with the aim of determining how interns currently learn and the degree to which learning still follows an apprenticeship model was conducted over a 2-year period in a large Australian regional hospital. Sixty interns entered learning reflections into a 4-step online survey. A descriptive analysis was undertaken on the extracted data using Microsoft Excel. Results: Results of the study indicate that interns still learn via the apprenticeship relationship they have with their supervisors (registrars and/or consultants) more than they do via self-directed means. Findings from this study suggest that learning in medicine is an iterative process; interns will learn via modelling from their supervisors, on the one hand, but will use self-directed learning when and where necessary. Interns indicated learning more content than they do tasks related to administration or professional identity. There are varying emphases of learning in each of the core terms of medicine, surgery and emergency medicine, which suggests that it is important for interns to continue to have learning opportunities in a variety of settings and disciplines.Conclusions: This study provides some insights into how and what interns learn, which should be considered when decisions are made about future models of medical intern training.
Effect of the direction of storm movement on planar flow

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Using kinematic wave equations, analytical solutions are derived for flow owing to storms moving up and down a plane. By comparing the flow owing to a moving storm with that to an equivalent stationary storm, the influence of storm direction is investigated. The direction of storm movement exercises a significant influence on the peak flow and time to peak flow, as well as the shape of the overland flow hydrograph. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of deforestation in Western Oromia region of Ethiopia: The case of Komto Forest

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

"Deforestation and poverty are challenging problems in Ethiopia. The deforestation-poverty nexus is complicated by the institutional failures related to management of natural resources. This study was conducted to analyse the determinants of deforestation in Ethiopia, Western Oromia the case of Komto forest in East Wollega Zone employing primary cross-sectional data on the sampled households. Multistage sampling technique was used in selecting 150 household head respondents. Volume of woody biomass consumed and sold in meter cube was used to measure deforestation. The result of the Heckman maximum likelihood model estimates showed that large landholding size reduces deforestation significantly. It was also found that forest product sale, and corruption behaviour of households and staff of institution aggravates deforestation. Probability of forest product use is negatively related to kerosene use and positively to road access, purpose of use, and corruption perception significantly. The study showed that poverty and institutional failure related to the forest management are key factors determining deforestation /forest degradation in the study area. Thus solving poverty and institutional failures would help solve deforestation problem of the study area."
Teaching About Fascism With Films

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The further removed we are from World War II the more difficult it is to teach about fascism. It is difficult enough for those who went through the war to understand the rise of fascism, its appeal to the masses and to the business community, the ideology behind it and what conditions may have led to its rise. But now we face students born after World War II whose knowledge of fascism may be limited to the caricatures presented in “ B “ war movies. In fact, today's students probably know more about fascism through films than all other learning sources combined. But is this film image accurate? And, how might we better teach about fascism by using films? There are several characteristics of fascism which can be brought out to students through film.
T cell migration to synovial joints is not necessary for the development of proteoglycan-induced arthritis (95.5)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is largely mediated by autoantibodies, the production of which is supported by autoreactive T cells. Previous reports in RA and its animal models also suggest that T cells present in the joints can locally propagate arthritis. To identify T cells migrating to the joints before and during arthritis development, we transferred fluorescence-labeled T cells and unlabeled antigen-presenting cells from BALB/c mice with proteoglycan-induced arthritis (PGIA) to syngeneic immunodeficient mice, and then monitored the recruitment of donor T cells in the ankle joints of the recipients using in vivo two-photon microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. Despite the development of arthritis in the recipient mice, we found very few donor T cells in their joints after cell transfer. Furthermore, treatment of recipient mice with FTY720, an inhibitor of lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs, which effectively depleted T cells in both peripheral blood and joints, failed to inhibit PGIA development. In contrast, arthritis did not occur in recipient mice after injection with donor cells depleted in T cells in vitro prior to transfer. Our results suggest that while lymphoid organ-homing T cells are required for the adoptive transfer of PGIA, the few T cells that migrate to the joints do not play a significant role in arthritis development. Work supported by the NIH and the Grainger Foundation.
MAPPFinder: using Gene Ontology and GenMAPP to create a global gene-expression profile from microarray data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

MAPPFinder is a tool that creates a global gene-expression profile across all areas of biology by integrating the annotations of the Gene Ontology (GO) Project with the free software package GenMAPP http://www.GenMAPP.org. The results are displayed in a searchable browser, allowing the user to rapidly identify GO terms with over-represented numbers of gene-expression changes. Clicking on GO terms generates GenMAPP graphical files where gene relationships can be explored, annotated, and files can be freely exchanged.
Perilous Missions: Civil Air Transport and CIA Covert Operations in Asia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Perilous Missions: Civil Air Transport and CIA Covert Operations in Asia. By William M. Leary. (University: University of Alabama Press, 1984. xi + 281 pp. Maps, illustrations, tables, appendixes, notes, bibliography, and index. $22.50.) Get access Carol M. Petillo Carol M. Petillo Boston College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 71, Issue 3, December 1984, Pages 668–669, https://doi.org/10.2307/1887550 Published: 01 December 1984
Integrating vertex and edge features with Graph Convolutional Networks for skeleton-based action recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p> </p> <p>Methods based on Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) for skeleton-based action recognition have achieved great success due to their ability to exploit graph structural information from skeleton data. Recently, the bone information has attracted considerable attention as an effective modality which complements the more conventional joint information for action recognition. However, most existing GCN-based methods extract the joint and bone features with two separate GCN networks, ignoring the dependencies between them. In this paper, a novel GCN model is proposed to exploit the information across joints, bones and their relationship collaboratively on a single undirected graph instead of two separate networks. We call the proposed model Vertex-Edge Graph Convolutional Network (VE-GCN) since it conducts the graph convolution operation on the sampling area containing the designated vertexes from joints and edges from bones, respectively. In addition to conducting the Vertex-Edge graph convolution based on the physical connections of the skeleton, we further apply the Vertex-Edge graph convolution to the non-physical joint-joint and joint-bone connections to capture the distal dependencies, and then the convolution results on the non-physical connections are incorporated into the VE-GCN. Moreover, the Conditional Random Field (CRF) is adopted as the loss function to achieve the task of action recognition. Experimental results on four challenging benchmarks (NTU RGB+D, NTU RGB+D 120, N-UCLA, SYSU) show that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance.</p>
Puzzling jaundice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Four women, ages 47 to 86 years, had a similar, moderately severe illness characterized by fatigue, vague abdominal symptoms, jaundice, and moderate hepatomegaly. Laboratory abnormalities consisted of hyperbilirubinemia, moderate to marked increase in transaminase activity (peak serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase level, 640 to 2,160 Karmen units/ml), and moderate alkaline phosphatase level increase. Liver biopsy in two patients showed portal lymphoid proliferation and evidence of moderate hepatocellular necrosis. All patients had been taking a laxative containing dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, and oxyphenisatin acetate (Dialose Plus). Two of the ingredients contained in Dialose Plus (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and carboxymethylcellulose sodium) are nonabsorbable while the other ingredient (oxyphenisatin acetate) is a propellant which is excreted in the bile and is presumed to be the cause of the hepatic reaction. Jaundice subsided when Dialose Plus therapy was stopped and recurred in two patients when it was restarted. The other two patients under observation in the hospital were challenged with Dialose Plus with positive results.
Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable naltrexone

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background Long-acting naltrexone (LA-NTX) is an injectable microsphere formulation being developed to achieve continuous naltrexone (NTX) exposure for 1 month in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Methods This was a single center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study in healthy subjects (n=42) to evaluate the PK of LA-NTX following single (190mg; 380mg) and multiple (380mg; q28d) IM doses vs. oral naltrexone (50mg; qd). PK parameters for NTX and its primary metabolite, 6β-naltrexol (6β-NOH) were calculated by noncompartmental methods. Results Mean NTX concentrations were >1 ng/mL over 28 days following LA-NTX 380mg; 6β-NOH concentrations were greater than, but parallel to, NTX. Tmax was ~2–3 and t1/2 was ~5–7 days for NTX and 6β-NOH. NTX AUC0-∞ following LA-NTX 380mg (144±30 ng*days/mL) was 2-fold greater than following LA-NTX 190mg (72±9 ng*days/mL). Multiple dose PK was predicted by single dose; steady state was reached with the second LA-NTX 380mg dose. NTX and 6β-NOH accumulation was ≤13%. NTX AUC0–28d was 4-fold greater following LA-NTX 380mg (160 ng*days/mL) vs. oral 50mg daily (~41 ng*days/mL; dose=1400mg/28 days); 6β-NOH AUC0–28d (294 ng*days/mL) was 70% lower vs. oral (1002 ng*days/mL). Conclusions Single dose PK of LA-NTX was dose proportional and predicted steady state observations. LA-NTX provided greater exposure and less fluctuation in NTX concentrations over a 28 day period, with a lower overall dose, compared to daily oral administration. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P42–P42; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.12.053
Remains of the Jews: The Holy Land and Christian Empire in Late Antiquity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Remains of the Jews studies the rise of Christian Empire in late antiquity (300-550 C.E.) through the dense and complex manner in which Christian authors wrote about Jews in the charged space of the land. The book employs contemporary cultural studies, particularly postcolonial criticism, to read Christian writings about holy land Jews as colonial writings. These writings created a cultural context in which Christians viewed themselves as powerful - and in which, perhaps, Jews were able to construct a posture of resistance to this new Christian Empire. Remains of the Jews reexamines familiar types of literature - biblical interpretation, histories, sermons, letters - from a new perspective in order to understand how power and resistance shaped religious identities in the later Roman Empire.
Mice With Stromelysin-3 (MMP-11) Gene Inactivation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

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