jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact of international collaboration on the prognosis of childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia in Iraq.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The promotion of an operational network between hospitals and medical schools in Iraq and in Western countries is a primary humanitarian objective of international collaboration. As a consequence of a collaborative project between the Al Mansour Hospital for Pediatrics in Baghdad and the Pediatric Unit of Hematology of "La Sapienza" University, in Rome, in October 2003 a specific all-trans-retinoic acid-based protocol was designed in order to offer a modern therapeutic program for the management of Iraqi children with acute promyelocytic leukemia, adapted to the severe local difficulties. The preliminary encouraging results represent a substantial improvement over the earlier experience in childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia in Iraq.
Three Cases of Resected Lung Cancer Accompanied by Cryptococcal Infection.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1995年5月からの1年間で, 当科で切除した原発性肺癌55例の内, 術前画像診断及び術標本切り出しで, 同側肺に1cm以下の小腫瘤を認め, 肺内転移と考えた症例は4例であった.その内3例で, 指摘された小腫瘤よりクリプトコッカスの菌体を認め, 小腫瘤は肺内転移ではなかった.その3症例の年齢は43才-74才.男性2名, 女性1名.術後病期は, I期1名, IIIA期2名であった.この3例の共通事項として, 鳥類の飼育歴は無く, また術前は咳漱・疾等の自覚症状, 血液生化学検査の異常, 炎症所見等は認めなかった.肺癌の組織型はいずれも腺癌で, 肺葉切除+R2を行い, 術後はフルコナゾールを半年間投与した.画像診断にて, 肺癌と結節型クリプトコッカス症を鑑別する事は非常に困難である.確定診断のついていない肺小腫瘤に対しては, クリプトコッカス症を疑ってみる必要もあると思われた.
Do African microfinance institutions need efficiency for financial stability and social outreach?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Microfinance institutions (MFIs) have the dual objective of providing social welfare and financial stability. We evaluated the financial efficiency of MFIs in sub-Saharan African countries by comparing their regional performances during the period 2004–2013. We addressed prevailing MFI heterogeneity by using the concept of ‘metafrontier’. The results showed that on an average, more than half the MFIs showed a drop in productivity. The measure of how much one country gets closer to or further away from world frontier technology is commonly known as the TGC score. In world frontier technology, East and South Asian countries have taken the lead (TGC score 1.0048) while sub-Saharan African countries lag behind (TGC score 1.0020). Most East and South Asian countries have a TGC score of 1, and most sub-Saharan African countries have a TGC score less than 1. This signifies that Asian countries lead world frontier technology and most African countries do not. The decomposition of efficiency scores showed that with regard to technical changes, African nations had progressed on average only 0.01%, and efficiency change scores had regressed by 0.59% annually. Significance: First efficiency study on microfinance institutions and their heterogeneity in Africa. The results show robust discrimination among the efficiency scores.
Sodium and water homeostasis in children with shigellosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Studies in Bangladesh have shown that the mortality in shigellosis is significantly higher in hyponatraemic (HN) than in normo‐ (NN) or hypernatraemic children. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of shigellosis on renal haemodynamics and sodium and water homeostasis before treatment was started. Twenty‐one moderately ill children infected with Shigella dysenteriae type 1 were studied. Eight of them had a serum sodium concentration below 130 mmol/L. Renal function was determined by glomerular filtration rate measured by clearances of inulin and iohexol. Effective renal plasma flow was estimated by clearance of para‐aminohippuric acid. Plasma renin, aldosterone and anti‐diuretic hormone were also studied. The HN children had significantly higher haemoglobin and haematocrit levels than the NN group. There was an inverse correlation between serum sodium and haemoglobin, and a direct correlation between serum sodium and urinary sodium and urinary chloride. Direct correlations were found between serum aldosterone and haemoglobin, plasma renin and systolic blood pressure and an inverse correlation between serum aldosterone and serum sodium. Clearances of inulin and iohexol were normal. Detectable levels of ADH were found in both groups, despite low serum osmolalities. Conclusion : The HN state seems to be triggered by multiple factors. The normal glomerular filtration rate excludes a volume expansion secondary to reduced renal function. Inappropriate or a physiological increase of anti‐diuretic hormone secretion may be of importance. The higher sodium losses in stools of the HN children might also be a factor contributing to the HN.
A Talent Profile for Facilitating Talent Development in Schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Talent Profile is a cumulative record that describes and visually synthesizes a student's outstanding achievements from K-12 in any valued field of human activity in which children and adolescents are active, whether at school, at home, or in the community. This system provides a method of communication and translation between disciplines (e.g., academics, arts, athletics) that serves multiple educational purposes as it honors individual development in areas of expertise. Individual differences are highlighted that begin to map aptitudes and achievements in multiple domains and offer a range of five levels of expectations/benchmarks for the high-end learner. Record keeping of the development of expertise in talent domains will also inform future research currently devoid of longitudinal, biographical data.
Studying-Alive: A Holistic Wellness Application for College Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Over the past few years, there has been an increased emphasis on mental health awareness and wellbeing. It is a topic that many do not feel comfortable talking about or acknowledging. Taking care of one's mental health is important for the individual's overall wellbeing. College students are a group of individuals who face several pressures that may affect mental health. It can become difficult to juggle their class schedules, assignments, work schedules, and social lives. Struggling to maintain these responsibilities can cause stress and anxiety for the students. Students may be uncomfortable to express their thoughts, as it may be difficult to discuss mental health. With the COVID-19 pandemic there has been an additional stress placed upon college students by taking extra precautions when going out and maintaining their social lives. To alleviate some of the stress and pressures faced by college students, a mobile app called Studying-Alive for holistic wellbeing management is being developed. This wellness app focuses on helping college students reduce stress and organize their schedules while tracking their responsibilities and overall health.
Solution Processable Thin Film Organic Photovoltaic Cells based on Far Red Sensitive Soluble Squaraine Dyes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Symmetrical squaraine (SQ) dyes with varying alkyl chain lengths have been synthesized towards their utilization as sensitizer for enhancing the photon harvesting in far-red region of solar spectrum. It has been observed that energy level of the SQ-dyes can be systematically tuned only by alkyl chain substitution. It has also been shown that SQ-dyes behave like p-type donors forming a p–n heterojunction with soluble fullerene derivative phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as n-type organic electron acceptor. Thin film organic photovoltaic p–n heterojunction devices have been fabricated using soluble SQ-dyes with PCBM without using any thermal evaporation technique for the active layers. A perusal of the photo-action spectra clearly corroborates that at least 0.25 eV energy barrier is necessary for the facile electron transfer from donor moiety to the acceptor after the photo-excitation.
A clinical study of odontogenic keratocyst: Factors associated with recurrence.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is classified as a developmental cyst derived from odontogenic organs such as enamel organs and dental lamina. The main histological feature of OKCs is keratinization in the cyst wall, sometimes including islands of epithelium that may represent daughter cysts in a thin epithelium lining. Clinically, this disease is characterized by a high frequency of recurrence.In this retrospective study, we examined 91 OKCs treated at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital between 1981 and 1995. The ages of the patients ranged from 7 to 69 years (mean age, 30.5), and 50 were male and 41 were female. The most common sites were the molar region and ramus of the mandible. Most of the OKCs in the maxillary region were treated by enucleation and primary closure. Most OKCs in the mandibular region were enucleated, and the wound was left open. Marginal mandibulectomy was performed in two patients with large lesions arising in the mandible. The postoperative course was uneventful in 52 cysts (85%), and recurrence occurred in 9 cysts (15%) among 61 cysts followed-up for more than 2 years. Recurrence occurred near the roots of teeth.In most patients, no symptoms were associated with recurrence. Recurrence occurred in 4 patients more than 10 years after operation. Our findings indicate that long-term follow-up and careful treatment of lesions continguous with the roots of teeth are required in patients with OKCs.
Two-channel cavity QED: Stokes plus anti-Stokes emission with a classical pump field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider a two-channel \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type three-level atom interacting simultaneously with two quantized cavity fields and a classically described cw laser field, all of different frequencies. The effective interactions are of the Raman type, in which the two cavity fields are regarded as Stokes and anti-Stokes modes, and the classical field acts as the pump mode, so that both the pump-Stokes and the pump--anti-Stokes transitions are included. We present the analytic solution of the system evolution operator. We also study the time dependence of the atomic inversion and the statistical properties of the cavity fields. We show that strongly correlated photons can be generated in our model.
King's Sister - Queen of Dissent: Marguerite of Navarre (1492-1549) and her Evangelical Network

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The history of the Reformation in France has involved many problems of origin, periodisation and quality since Lucien Febvre defined the terms in his seminal essay of 1929. In particular, Febvre’s contention the French reform movement was essentially diverse – even anarchic – before the 1540s has been much debated. The reasons which underlay the failure of those who were neither extreme Protestants nor hard line traditionalists to gain ascendancy or gain control of the state apparatus (as was the case in some broadly comparable countries) have puzzled historians. Jonathan Reid’s book is not only a study of Marguerite of Navarre and her religious context; it addresses the problem of why and to what extent the French Reformation was ‘blocked’ at certain crucial moments and what alternatives there were to the ultimate establishment of Genevan Calvinism and revived Catholicism as the two great religious alternatives. The reformist movement in France emerged from a world not, as used to be thought, of stagnation and decline in the late medieval church but of religious ferment and the growth of lay piety. Reform of the church was fitful and local in the late 15th and early 16th centuries but gathered pace with the response of bishops such as Guillaume Briçonnet to the challenges set down by Luther and others. Marguerite of Navarre and others in her circle intervened at court to protect members of the circle of Meaux from prosecution by those whose priority was already the strict defence of Catholic orthodoxy and practice. There were high hopes that Francis I and his court would sponsor a reformation of the church in the early 1530s. This was revealed as a vain hope with the royal crack down of October 1534 after the Affair of the Placards, but harsh treatment was never consistently applied after the Edict of Coucy in July 1535. Thereafter, though a national leadership could not emerge, Protestant ideas continued to develop underground, doctrinal coherence gradually established by Calvin from Geneva (on the reasons for which Henry Heller’s work has been most suggestive).
Building Student Capacity to Engage with Design Methods

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Knowledge of design methods is critical for careers in User Experience (UX) design and other fields commonly served by HCI programs. In this masterclass, we will seek to bring together the knowledge contained in key texts commonly used in HCI education and the evident pedagogical challenges that underlie codified methods knowledge. Such fundamental questions at this intersection include: What kind of knowledge do methods contain? How do students learn about methods? and How do we know when students have sufficient knowledge of methods to continue engaging in adaptation, use, and creation in the future? We will collaboratively address these questions, laying the groundwork for participants to consider the following issues in their own curriculum.
Dysfunctional Nrf2‐Keap1 redox signaling in the RVLM is linked to obesity‐induced sympathoexcitation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is an important region in the brainstem responsible for the tonic and reflex control of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Pathological changes at the level of RVLM like oxidative stress has been previously associated with sympathetic nervous system overactivity in obesity. Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that provides cytoprotection against oxidative stress by regulating the expression of antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory genes. Nrf2 bound to Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) in the cytoplasm is inactive and undergoes proteasomal degradation under normal conditions. In response to oxidative stress, Nrf2 dissociates from Keap1, translocates to the nucleus, and forms a complex with the antioxidant response elements (AREs) and small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma protein (smaf) leading to the transcription of multiple antioxidant genes. Previous studies from our lab have shown that increased oxidative stress is associated with Nrf2 dysfunction leading to decreased expression of Nrf2 antioxidant target enzymes in the RVLM of obese mice. The molecular mechanisms of Keap1 in Nrf2 dysfunction and the phenotype of cells undergoing Nrf2 dysfunction at the level of the RVLM in obese animals are unclear. To address these questions, we performed immunofluorescence in 20µm RVLM brainstem sections of C57BL/6J mice fed with a high‐fat diet (60kcal% fat) and a chow diet (10kcal% fat) for a period of 16 weeks to investigate the expression of Nrf2 and Keap1. Immunofluorescence showed a higher expression of Keap1 and lower expression of Nrf2 in the RVLM of obese mice when compared with their lean counterparts. To determine the type of cells undergoing Nrf2 dysfunction, an in‐vitro cell culture model was developed with human brainstem astrocytes. We hypothesized that brainstem astrocytes are more susceptible to Nrf2 dysfunction mediated oxidative stress. In this experiment, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) was used to mimic diet‐induced oxidative stress. Cultured human brainstem astrocytes were treated with H 2 O 2 at the dose rate of 300μM for 2 hrs. Nrf2 and Keap1 levels were assessed by gene expression analysis at the end of 5 days. Data was analyzed by unpaired student's t‐test and a p‐value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed that H 2 O 2 treatment significantly increased the gene expression levels of Keap1 in human brainstem astrocytes with a trend towards a decrease in the expression of Nrf2. Our results suggest that in obesity, Nrf2‐Keap1 dysfunction could occur in astrocytes leading to decreased antioxidant defenses and increased oxidative stress in the RVLM which in turn can cause sympathoexcitation. Future in vivo gene transfer studies will investigate the mechanistic role of Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway in obesity‐induced sympathoexcitation.
A Sociolinguistics Analysis On Slang Terms Used ByBTS ARMY Community in Facebok.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sosiolinguistik adalah ilmu yang mempelajari tentang bahasa yang
berhubungan dengan masyarakat. Fungsi bahasa dalam masyarakat, bisa dianggap
sebagai media untuk menyampaikan pesan, informasi, mengekspresikan perasaan,
berbagi pendapat, pikirannya dari pembicara untuk pendengar. Bahasa
mempunyai variasi. Bahasa gaul adalah salah satu variasi bahasa yang digunakan
dalam komunitas. Penulis melakukan penelitian tentang istilah bahasa gaul yang
digunakan oleh komunitas BTS ARMY di facebook untuk memecahkan dua
masalah; (1) apa jenis istilah bahasa gaul yang digunakan oleh komunitas BTS
ARMY di facebook (2) apa alasan para komunitas BTS ARMY menggunakan
bahasa gaul di facebook.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan data analisis yang
dikerjakan dalam penelitian ini, dimana sumber data pada data adalah kata dari
sosial media. Data tersebut adalah bahasa gaul yang di ciptakan oleh komunitas
BTS ARMY. Data di ambil dari Januari 2017.
Melalui penelitian ini, penulis menemukan temuan yaitu bahasa gaul dasar
dan bahasa gaul sekunder yang digunakan oleh komunitas BTS ARMY, yaitu 16
bahasa gaul dasar, dan 36 bahasa gaul sekunder. Untuk mengidentifikasi jenis
bahasa gaul tersebut, penulis menggunakan teori dari Chapman (1988).
Kemudian, penulis mengidentifikasi alasan dari komunitas BTS ARMY
menggunakan bahasa gaul berdasarkan teori dari Patridge (1979). Kemudian, ada
tujuh alasan yang digunakan komunitas BTS ARMY.
Akhirnya, penulis berharap penelitian ini dipersembahkan untuk semua
orang yang tertarik dan bermaksud untuk melanjutkan penelitian dalam kajian
sosiolinguistik terutama bahasa gaul.
Plantlet Regeneration from Leaf Protoplasts of Populus euphratica

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Protoplasts were isolated from the leaves of sterile plants of Populus euphratica Oliv. by using 1% Cellulase "Onozuka" RS and 0.25% Pectolyase Y-23 in 0.6m of mannitol solution. Protoplasts were cultured in modified Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium which contained no ammonium ions but was supplemented with BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), 2,4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid), and 1% sucrose at the cell density of 9×104/ml. Cell divisions occurred in every culture medium, especially in the medium containing 0.5 mg/l of BAP and 0.1 mg/l of 2,4-D, in which callus was successfully induced by successive culture through cell cluster formation. Shoots were regenerated from the callus, and their growth was enhanced on 1/2 MS medium containing 0.8 mg/l of BAP. Finally, shoots were rooted and plantlets were regenerated on 1/2 MS medium without a hormone.
Autolexical Grammar and language processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Autolexical Grammar (AG) explains both the coherent systematicity and the pervasive idiosyncrasies present in natural language through a unified, multimodular approach moderated by lexical constraints. This chapter presents recent research in cognitive neuroscience that bears on the representational strengths of AG. While AG does not strive to be a psycholinguistic model of cognitive processing in real time, the ability of AG to represent mismatch and resolution as formal constraints, and the emphasis that AG places on the lexicon as the moderating factor in constraint satisfaction, provides descriptive mechanisms that can further illuminate cognitive approaches to language processing.
Treatment of rice in Sake brewing. Part III. Moderate agitation in Sake brewing/powdered polished rice as raw material.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(1) 粉砕白米を用いた仕込の醗酵速度が遅れた原因としては仕込直後の醪中の溶存酸素の不足のほかに酵母と基質や麹由来の酵母の増殖促進物質等との接触効率が悪くなっていたこともその一因となっていることがわかった. (2) 醪初期の醗酵速度に重点を置いて仕込方法の改良について検討した結果,初添の割合を大きくした二段仕込および一段仕込を行うことにより醗酵が速くなり,粕歩合の増加を伴うことなく醗酵期間の短縮化が可能となり,また,仕込方法も簡略化でぎた. (3) Qo2,AATase活性に留意し適切な条件で醪初期に撹伴を行うことにより,香気生成に悪影響を与えることなく醗酵速度を向上させることができ,また,酢酸イソアミルの生成をも促進できることがわかった. (4) 醪初期の酸素は酵母の増殖,醗酵および香気生成に必要であり,従来の仕込における擢入れの意義のひとつもここにあるものと推測された.
Develop and test a micropump based on acoustic impedance miss match

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report presents an experimental model especially designed for two-dimensional valveless impedance pump. This model is tested for different previously reported valveless pumps and shows good agreement with the experiment results. This valveless pump consists two sections of rigid tube which are connected by one elastic tube. It formed a “U” shape and filled with water, while the rigid tubes are vertical and elastic tube is horizontal. By periodically squeezing the elastic section with certain frequency and amplitude, different pressure head can be observed. After studying the effects of squeezing location, frequency, and amplitude on pressure head, we can have a better understanding of Liebau phenomena. When squeezing location is near rigid tube A, the water head will be positive in rigid tube B; at certain frequency, the pressure head is highest; with higher amplitude, the pressure head is higher.
The Digital Economy, Integration of Productive Services and Manufacturing, and High-Quality Development of the Manufacturing Sector: Evidence from China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The rapid penetration of digital technologies into the manufacturing sector has profoundly impacted the development of China’s manufacturing industry. This study aims to explore the role of the digital economy (DE) in promoting high-quality development in China’s manufacturing sector and to reveal the specific mechanisms through which it enhances the sustainability of manufacturing. Using panel data from 30 provinces across China for 2012–2022, this study employs an econometric model to conduct an empirical analysis. The results indicate that the DE significantly fosters high-quality manufacturing development (HQMD), particularly in eastern and central regions. Furthermore, by promoting the integration of productive services with manufacturing (IPSIM), the DE accelerates advancements in HQMD. The threshold effect analysis unveils a nonlinear relationship between the DE and HQMD. Based on these findings, policy recommendations are proposed to encourage balanced regional DE growth, strengthen digital innovation capacities, and catalyze the IPSIM. These insights provide critical implications for advancing high-quality development in China’s manufacturing sector.