jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Research Article Production and Characterization of Lipases by Two New Isolates of Aspergillus through Solid-State and Submerged Fermentation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Due to the numerous applications of lipases in industry, there is a need to study their characteristics, because lipases obtained from different sources may present different properties. The aim of this work was to accomplish the partial characterization of lipases obtained through submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation by two species of Aspergillus. Fungal strains were isolated from a diesel-contaminated soil and selected as good lipases producers. Lipases obtained through submerged fermentation presented optimal activities at 37∘CandpH7.2 and those obtained through solid-state fermentation at 35∘CandpH6.0.The enzymes produced by submerged fermentation were more temperature-stable than those obtained by solid-state fermentation, presenting 72 % of residual activity after one hour of exposition at 90∘C. Lipases obtained through submerged fermentation had 80 % of stability in acidic pH and those obtained through solid-state fermentation had stability greater than 60 % in alkaline pH. 1.
Analyzing how the agricultural microbiome impacts soil carbon stability under different management practices

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Increasing carbon storage in agricultural lands is becoming critical as reducing carbon in the atmosphere is essential for mitigating climate change. Soil carbon sequestration occurs when more carbon is stored in the soil than what escapes the soil. Historically, agricultural activities have depleted soil carbon, but microbial communities offer a promising solution as they can effectively store carbon. Microbes are vital as they contribute to crucial soil functions and strongly influence soil dynamics, making it essential to understand how specific microbial taxa contribute to carbon storage. Microbial mechanisms such as biocrust formation, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) synthesis, and more could be the solution to enhancing soil carbon sequestration. To combat climate change, regenerative farming practices have been reintroduced into agricultural land management. More farmers have transitioned to no-till practices as an alternative to conventional tillage. Tillage is a farming practice that helps prepare the soil for plant growth through weed suppression and soil aeration. However, tillage disrupts soil structure, accelerates surface runoff, increases soil erosion, and reduces crop residue, negatively impacting soil microorganisms. In comparison, no-till protects soil through decreased soil erosion, increased soil carbon, and increased soil organic matter. This study aims to quantify the effect of tillage practices on soil microbial communities, using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S), Internally Transcribed Spacer (ITS), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi amplicon sequencing. Soil samples were taken from Coshocton, Ohio, from active till and no-till sites. Results revealed that tillage significantly alters the soil microbial community composition compared to no-tillage. This research highlights the potential of targeted microbial strategies and regenerative agricultural practices to optimize carbon sequestration and improve soil health.
Isolation and Identification of a Microorganism which Produces NonStreptomycesPepsin Inhibitor and N-Diazoacetyl-dl-norleucine Methylester Sensitive Acid Proteases

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Non pepsin inhibitor (S–PI) and diazoacetyl-dl-norleucine methylester (DAN) sensitive acid proteases producing microorganism was isolated from farm soil of Osaka Prefecture. The isolated strain was identified as Scytalidium lignicolum M–133. When it was aerobically grown on a medium consisting of glucose 5%, meat extract 1.5%, yeast extract 0.1%, KH2PO4 0.2%, MgSO4·7H2O 0.05% at pH 3.5 and 25°C, the strain produced two acid proteases, A and B, in the culture broth. The acid proteases A and B were not at all inactivated by S–PI and DAN. These acid proteases were expected to be a new type of acid protease from the viewpoint of the active site.
ATC contingency operations in the en-route flight regime

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Air traffic control (ATC) operations were examined to learn what factors of controller performance should be given consideration in the design and development of future automation systems enhancing ATC. Contingencies were of two types: those constraining airspace usage or traffic flow (i.e., weather); and those related to system and equipment usage (i.e., radar/radio status). Examination of controller response to contingencies and workload pressures showed differing effects on controller allocations of effort among the three primary function of planning, monitoring, and informaton transfer. Automation advancements oriented towards aiding the controller in performing monitoring tasks may offer the most substantial safety benefit.
On The Bureaucrats'Behavior in Public Planning Agency

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Existing studies on the bureaucracy have not dealt with organization structure or transmission of information clearly. In this paper we build a model for the Bureaucrats' Behavior on the basisof game theory. We focus on Herd Behavior of bureaucrats which depends on the probability of their ability or transmission of information change, bureaucrats mimic the decision of other bureaucrats, ignoring even when they privately catch what citizens really needs information. To eliminate Herd Behavior of bureaucrats, we must reduce the risk of their information. We propose that the principal of document must be thoroughgoing, or doing the cost benefit analysis obligatory bureaucrats' information.
Principles and practice of social security reform

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary This paper is intended to provide an insight into the principles and the practical experience observed in the process of social security reform. In the first place, the paper reviews the main ideas behind social security reform, the main features of proposed reform approaches and the goals established in both economic and social terms. An overview of main reformed pension systems is provided. Some reflections about prospects and issues to be taken into account for policy consideration are presented as conclusions. Final remarks are also made about the the role of the actuary in this process.
Behavioural Optimisation To Address Trial Conduct Challenges: Case Study In The UK-REBOA Trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Clinical trials comprise multiple processes at various stages of the trial lifecycle. These processes often involve complex behaviours such as recruiting vulnerable patient populations and clinicians having to deliver complex trial interventions successfully. Few studies have utilised a behavioural framework to assess challenges and develop strategies to effective trial recruitment and delivery of trial interventions. This study reports the application of an innovative methodological approach to understand core trial processes, namely recruitment and intervention delivery, using a behavioural science approach to develop strategies designed to mitigate trial process problems. Methods: The UK-REBOA trial aims to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (a novel intervention) in injured patients with exsanguinating haemorrhage. A behavioural diagnosis was conducted using theory-informed (Theoretical Domains Framework, TDF) semi-structured interviews with site staff from the UK-REBOA trial to investigate trial processes which could be improved in relation to trial recruitment and delivery of the intervention. Interviews were analysed using the TDF to identify salient domains, which were then mapped to techniques for behaviour change and developed into potential solutions. Results: The behavioural diagnosis of the challenges experienced during trial processes highlighted factors relevant to a range of TDF domains: Skills; Environmental context and resources; Beliefs about capabilities; Beliefs about consequences; Social influences; and Memory, attention, and decision processes. Within the solution development phase, we identified 24 suitable behaviour change techniques that were developed into proposed solutions to target reported process problems with the aim of changing behaviour to improve recruitment and/or intervention delivery. Proposed solutions included targeted changes to trial training content, suggestions to restructure the environment (e.g. reinforced the purpose of the trial with information about the social and environmental consequences) and other strategies to reduce barriers to recruitment and intervention delivery. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying a behavioural approach to investigate behavioural trial process problems and subsequently develop and implement targeted solutions in an active trauma trial. Understanding the underlying determinants that affected behaviour, attitudes and beliefs in this trauma trial provided an avenue to implement theoretically informed, evidence-based solutions designed to enhance trial practices. Trial registration: ISRCTN: 16184981.
LHD EB-NPA #195249.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

To study fast ion confinement and transport mechanisms both in quiescent plasmas and in the presence of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) activity, an electric field parallel to the magnetic field type neutral particle analyzer (E||B-NPA) was installed using Micro-Channel Plates (MCPs) in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The E||B-NPA is an established diagnostic used to measure the energy distribution of charge exchange neutral particles escaping from plasmas corresponding to hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium, respectively.
MARIA THERESIA AND THE ‘CHINESE’ VOICING OF IMPERIAL SELF: THE AUSTRIAN CONTEXTS OF METASTASIO'S CHINA OPERAS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Pietro Metastasio's two librettos featuring ostensibly Chinese subject matter, Le cinesi (1735, revised 1749) and L'eroe cinese (1752), came into being during a period of crisis in the Holy Roman Empire, as the reigning Habsburg dynasty confronted a war of succession motivated by resistance to the Empress Maria Theresia's accession to the throne. This article investigates how Austria envisioned China and how this was used to voice notions of rightful political legitimacy at a time of grave threat to the continuance of a long-standing ruling house. It argues that idealized traits of the Chinese other such as loyalty, deference and wisdom furnished the basis for a reflexive critique that helped to bolster and renew a native imperial self. This stance of ‘dialogic monologism’ towards a foreign culture emerges in a detailed examination of the textual style of the two librettos, the musical characteristics of the settings performed in or near Vienna around the middle of the eighteenth century and the conditions of sponsorship of these performances.
Structuring Semantic Web ITS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Most of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) using semantic Web and ontology concepts put their focus on learning objects (LO) aspects and, generally, do not include a clear representation of a pedagogical model. The relationship among all the system architecture's components and how the use of semantic Web and ontology can improve the interoperability among these components are other aspects not clearly addressed. As a way to address these drawbacks, an architecture with a clear separation of concerns of its components, with each component represented by a specific ontology, has been used. Despite only a prototype has been implemented, it has been possible to visualize the soundness of the chosen approach
The Use Of A Bespoke Computer Game For Teaching Analogue Electronics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An implementation of a design for a game based virtual learning environment is described. The game is developed for a course in analogue electronics, and the topic is the design of a power supply. This task can be solved in a number of different ways, with certain constraints, giving the students a certain amount of freedom, although the game is designed not to facilitate trial-and error approach. The use of storytelling and a virtual gaming environment provides the student with the learning material in a MMORPG environment. The game is tested on a group of second year electrical engineering students with good results.
Towards VLM-based Hybrid Explainable Prompt Enhancement for Zero-Shot Industrial Anomaly Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Zero-Shot Industrial Anomaly Detection (ZSIAD) aims to identify and localize anomalies in industrial images from unseen categories. Owing to the powerful generalization capabilities, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved growing interest in ZSIAD. To guide the model toward understanding and localizing the semantically complex industrial anomalies, existing VLM-based methods have attempted to provide additional prompts to the model through learnable text prompt templates. However, these zero-shot methods lack detailed descriptions of specific anomalies, making it difficult to classify and segment the diverse range of industrial anomalies accurately. To address the aforementioned issue, we firstly propose the multi-stage prompt generation agent for ZSIAD. Specifically, we leverage the Multi-modal Language Large Model (MLLM) to articulate the detailed differential information between normal and test samples, which can provide detailed text prompts to the model through further refinement and anti-false alarm constraint. Moreover, we introduce the Visual Fundamental Model (VFM) to generate anomaly-related attention prompts for more accurate localization of anomalies with varying sizes and shapes. Extensive experiments on seven real-world industrial anomaly detection datasets have shown that the proposed method not only outperforms recent SOTA methods, but also its explainable prompts provide the model with a more intuitive basis for anomaly identification.
iVizTRANS: Interactive visual learning for home and work place detection from massive public transportation data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Using transport smart card transaction data to understand the homework dynamics of a city for urban planning is emerging as an alternative to traditional surveys which may be conducted every few years are no longer effective and efficient for the rapidly transforming modern cities. As commuters travel patterns are highly diverse, existing rule-based methods are not fully adequate. In this paper, we present iVizTRANS - a tool which combines an interactive visual analytics (VA) component to aid urban planners to analyse complex travel patterns and decipher activity locations for single public transport commuters. It is coupled with a machine learning component that iteratively learns from the planners classifications to train a classifier. The classifier is then applied to the city-wide smart card data to derive the dynamics for all public transport commuters. Our evaluation shows it outperforms the rule-based methods in previous work.
Igualdade de género e práticas de gestão de recursos humanos

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Assuming that there are asymmetries and imbalances between women and men in the organizations, motivated by difficulties in reconciling professional, family and personal life, which if overtaken by conciliatory human resources management practices may generate benefits for workers and companies, this work intends to present a case study to evaluate the contribution of human resources management for the promotion of gender equality, in terms of reconciling professional, family and personal life. In this manner, we aim to characterize the human resources management practices promoting gender equality in the port setor company, and to analyze the perception and the difficulties that workers have in reconciling work, family and personal life. The preparation of this case study required the use of several techniques to collect qualitative data through analysis of public documents of the company, and techniques to collect quantitative data by applying a questionnaire to the universe of company workers. With this research a series of relevant results were obtained, which can help human resources management to further contribute to the needs of reconciling professional, family and personal life, and contribute to promote benefits for the organizations in the implementation of practices enhancing gender equality.
The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO3 to α-MoO3 investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In situ X-ray diffraction indicates that the structural phase transition from h-MoO 3 to α-MoO 3 is a first-order transition with a phase transition temperature range of 378.5–443.1 °C. The linear coefficients of thermal expansion of h-MoO 3 are strongly anisotropic, that is, α a = b = 72.87 × 10 −6 K −1 and α c = −19.44 × 10 −6 K −1 . In the h-MoO 3 phase, water molecules are located at the (0 0 0.25) site inside the MoO 6 octahedra tunnel that is formed by six MoO 6 corner-sharing octahedron zigzag chains. With increasing temperature, the release of water molecules from the octahedra tunnel causes the octahedra chains to shrink and the octahedra tunnel to expand. When the phase transition occurs, the anomalous expansion of the MoO 6 octahedra tunnel ruptures the Mo–O 2 bonds, forming individual MoO 6 octahedron zigzag chains that then share corners to generate octahedron layers in the ⟨100⟩ α direction. The octahedron layers are bonded by van der Waals interactions in the ⟨010⟩ α direction, crystalizing into the α-MoO 3 structure.
Results of primary hip endoprosthesis replacement at fractures of trochanteric region of the femur in elderly patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To track longterm outcomes of primary total hip replacement in elderly patients with various fractures of the trochanteric region. We studied the retrospective results of surgical treatment of 62 patients with fractures of the trochanteric region of the femur, who underwent primary total hip replacement. Patients were divided into two groups. 1–58 (72.5 %) patients with stable fractures, 2–22 (27.5 %) patients with unstable fractures. The functionality results have been evaluated on Harris scale before the injury and after surgery. Satisfactory functional parameters detected in all 44 patients operated on in the first group. In the second group: satisfactory performance were observed in 16 (88.8 %) of 18 patients. The results of hip replacement in elderly patients with stable fractures pertrochanteric allow to speak about the effectiveness of this type of surgery. Endoprosthesis of transtrochanteric unstable fractures requires further study because of the extremely high frequency of postoperative complications (up 88.8 %). Reconstruction of the large and small trochanter is important to improve the biomechanics of periprosthetic fractures in transtrochanteric arthroplasty. Locking of 8shaped wire loop around the bone fragments of the large and small trochanter ensures the stability of the endoprosthesis.
Secularization of the Academy: a Baptist Typology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article was originally presented as a paper at the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) Conference on Academic Freedom at Religiously Affiliated Colleges and Universities, held at Baylor University, April 1, 2000. It examines six case studies of Baptist colleges or universities that have distanced or separated themselves from denominational control. The article identifies factors involved in what is often called the secularization of the academy. A complex picture emerges. Factors leading to the shedding of denominational links include questions about academic freedom, the desire to attract funds and students from a wider socio‐constituency but also lack of a clear Baptist pattern for institutional management. The typically 'lower social economic' background of Baptists has meant that their ambitions have outweighed their resources. Nonetheless, schools founded by Baptists have benefited a great number of people, Baptist and non‐Baptist, Christian and non‐Christian.
Festival Legitimacy and Resource Acquisition: Strategies for Growth and Survival

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This thesis explores legitimacy and legitimation strategies for resource acquisition using a life cycle approach in the festival and events context. A review of the extant festival and event’s research, suggests this topic is significantly under-covered. For further theoretical development the thesis reviewed the literatures of resource acquisition, with particular attention to resource dependency theory, and institutional theory, with its sub-topic legitimacy. Using an exploratory qualitative case study method, the researcher investigated eight festivals and analyzed them in terms of their efforts to build legitimacy at different stages of their life cycle. The author confirmed earlier research on sources of legitimacy that include, regulatory, pragmatic, normative, and cognitive types, and that four general strategies, conformance, selection, manipulation, and creation are used to achieve legitimacy from these sources. The data in this thesis also suggests that the stage of the festival’s life cycle serves as an important extension to the literature's previously established process model of resource acquisition and legitimacy, including a legitimacy threshold. The thesis concludes with a summary of the findings, limitations of the study, and by suggesting possibilities for future research.
Numerical technique for solving the radiative transfer equation for a spherical shell atmosphere

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A method for numerically solving the equation of radiative transfer in a spherical shell atmosphere is presented. The method uses a conical boundary and a Gauss-Seidel iteration scheme to solve for all orders of scattering along a single radial line in the atmosphere. Tests of the model indicate an accuracy better than 1% for most Earth-atmosphere situations. Results from this model are compared with flat-atmosphere model results for a scattering-only atmosphere. These comparisons indicate that excluding spherical effects for solar zenith angles greater than 85° leads to errors larger than 5% at optical depths as small as 0.10.
Classification of Neuropathic Pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neuropathic pain encompasses a category of chronic pain conditions that are caused by disease or lesion of the somatosensory nervous system. Depending on the location of the lesion or disease, neuropathic pain can be categorized as peripheral, central, or mixed. Peripheral neuropathic pain includes such common pain conditions as painful diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, radiculopathies, post-amputation stump pain, various nerve entrapment syndromes, and neuropathies due to immune, hereditary, metabolic, and toxic factors. Central neuropathic pain is pain caused by stroke, spinal cord injury, spinal infarction, syringomyelia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, and phantom limb pain. In contrast, some conditions may cause pain through both central and peripheral mechanisms, such spinal stenosis, complex regional pain syndrome type II, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, fibromyalgia, and cancer pain. Classification of neuropathic may not only help guide the diagnosis and treatment of these chronic pain conditions but may also provide the framework for research of the mechanisms of generation of neuropathic pain.