jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reaction of Mycorrhizal and NonmycorrhizalLeucaena leucocephalato Charcoal Amendment of Mansand and Soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of charcoal on the development of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) on Leucaena leucocephala roots and the contribution of the symbiosis to the phosphorus (P) nutrition and growth of the legume. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization of plants raised in Mansand (crushed basalt) in the first experiment was reduced if the medium was amended with fine charcoal and not with coarse charcoal. Charcoal amendment had no effect on AM fungal colonization, AM symbiotic effectiveness measured as pinnule (subleaflet) P content, or on growth of L. leucocephala in soil in the first experiment and in Mansand and in soil in subsequent experiments. However, AM fungal colonization of L. leucocephala roots, P content of pinnules, and growth of the legume were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) by AM fungal inoculation in all experiments regardless of the growth medium used or charcoal amendment.
Differences between 11 - year old wrestlers and boys not involved in sport in certain anthropological characteristics

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Mjerenje antropoloskih obilježja provedeno je na uzorku od 97 djecaka. Od toga 52 djecaka hrvaca i 42 djecaka nesportasa koji se ne bave organizirano sportom. Raspon godina mjerenog uzorka je jedanaest godina. Izmjereni su baterijom od 11 testova za procjenu antropoloskog statusa koja se koristi u hrvatskim osnovnim skolama. Cilj istraživanja je usporediti stanje anropoloskog statusa djecaka hrvaca i djecaka nesportasa. Za potrebe obrade podataka primijenjena je analiza razlika aritmetickih sredina pomocu t- testa za nezavisne skupine ispitanika. Rezultati koji su dobiveni pokazuju da djecaci hrvaci postižu bolje rezultate gotovo u svim testovima za procjenu antropoloskog statusa.
Herbert Marcuse’s and Viktor Shklovksy’s concepts of the aesthetic form: A comparative study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The goal of this research is to formulate and compare Herbert Marcuse’s and Viktor Shklovksy’s concepts of the aesthetic form and to demonstrate their advantages and limitations. The following aspects are considered: thoughts of two thinkers on the concept of the artistic estrangement, their views on relations between aesthetic form and content and how they figured creation and evolution of the form. It is also explained, why Shklovsky has reconsidered his theory of estrangement. The scientific novelty of this research lies in formulating of the Shklovksy’s complex concept of the aesthetic form as well as in comparison of two corresponding concepts of western neomarxist and soviet formalist adepts. It is established as a result of the research that irrespective of their different views two thinkers acknowledged estrangement as a universal quality of the work of art and prioritized form over content. At the same time Shklovksy’s concept can be called more objective and less dependent on the will of an artist, and Marcuse’s theory explains better mutual influence between reality and art.
GNSS Carrier Phase Anomaly Detection and Validation for Precise Land Vehicle Positioning

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A carrier phase anomaly detection and validation method is proposed for precise vehicle positioning in dynamic environments. Given that carrier phase measurement is affected by satellite and user dynamics as well as unexpected anomalies, we propose four sequential processes to detect and identify an anomaly: 1) dynamics separation; 2) anomaly detection; 3) validation; and 4) position domain test. First, terms related to the satellite and user dynamics are estimated individually and removed from the carrier phase measurement to yield an error term, which possibly includes an anomaly and should be detected. The error term is examined with respect to a threshold level, and the measurement values are divided into anomaly candidates and normal candidates. Anomaly candidates are reexamined and validated one-by-one using a normal measurement set and the anomaly is determined. Finally, the position domain is evaluated so that position errors can be used as additional criteria for detecting the anomaly attributed to satellite deployment. The proposed algorithm is verified by simulation analyses and an experimental test. The proposed methods can be effective in detecting anomalies and increasing the reliability of precise vehicle positioning.
The Second Generation in Belgium

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A growing proportion of second-generation Moroccan and Turkish youngsters in Belgium are moving on to higher secondary education and beyond. This trend is greater among Moroccan youngsters than among their Turkish peers. Turkish girls in particular are still married off at a young age, which inevitably affects their educational opportunities. Despite higher participation rates for youngsters from immigrant backgrounds, the educational gap with Belgian pupils and students remains wide. This is largely attributable to differences in socioeconomic background. It appears that the concentration of second-generation immigrant pupils in certain schools is also a major explanatory factor. Despite their increased participation in education, second-generation immigrants are still not well represented in the labor market and they are, moreover, employed mostly in less favorable segments of that market. An interesting development among second-generation immigrants is the polarization that is taking place in relation to the significance of Islam. A growing number of second-generation youngsters are opting for a more secular way of life, while an increasingly large group is choosing Islamist ideologies or at least a more conscious form of Islam. For young people of the second generation, who often have little to hold on to socially, Islamism can provide a transparent, supportive, and all-embracing frame of reference.
Chemotherapy with mitomycin-C, epidoxorubicin and vinblastine in CMF failing breast cancer patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since most patients with breast cancer are treated with CMF as first line chemotherapy (usually in the adjuvant setting), schedules with alternative drugs are needed for the metastatic disease. In this study a new combination of Mitomycin, Epidoxorubicin and Vinblastine was employed in a group of 24 patients with metastatic breast cancer. A response rate of 37.5% was observed with a mild to moderate toxicity.
LETA: Tooth Alignment Prediction Based on Dual-branch Latent Encoding

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Accurately determining the clinical positions for each tooth is essential in orthodontics, while most existing solutions heavily rely on inefficient manual design. In this paper, we present the LETA, a dual-branch Latent Encoding based 3D Tooth Alignment. Our system takes as input the segmented individual 3D tooth meshes in the Intra-oral Scanner (IOS) dental surfaces, and automatically predicts the proper 3D pose transformation for each tooth. LETA includes three components: an Encoder that learns a latent code of dental pointcloud, a Projector that transforms the latent code of misaligned teeth to predicted aligned ones, and a Solver to estimate the transformation between different dental latent codes. A key novelty of LETA is that we extract the features from the ground truth (GT) aligned teeth to guide network learning during training. To effectively learn tooth features, our Encoder employs an improved point-wise convolutional operation and an attention-based network to extract local shape features and global context features respectively. Extensive experimental results on a large-scale dataset with 9,868 IOS surfaces demonstrate that LETA can achieve state-of-the-art performance. A further clinical applicability study reveals that our method can reduce orthodontists' workload over 60% compared to starting tooth alignment from scratch, demonstrating the strong potential of deep learning for future digital dentistry.
Robert Boyle on Epicurean atheism and atomism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Boyle's published works there are many references to Epicurean atomism and atheism. He refused to pronounce publicly on the first but was willing to pronounce decidedly on the second. He did not, however, publish any sustained piece directly on atheism, though he seems to have continued to work on the topic of atheism throughout his life. His firm belief in Christianity began early – he underwent a conversion from unthinking to committed Christianity at the age of thirteen – and continued until his death. In his will he left a sum of money to fund an annual series of lectures against atheism, the intent being to refute infidels (with a caution against internecine quibbling), spread the word, and soothe serious doubts. The eleventh sheet of his will reads in part,
Fitness effects of group merging in a social insect

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Animal social groups often consist of non-relatives, a condition that arises in many cases because of group merging. Although indirect fitness contributions are reduced in such groups compared with those in groups composed of close kin, the genetic-heterogeneity hypothesis suggests that these groups may benefit from increased intracolony genetic variation, which may boost group performance through increased task efficiency or parasite resistance. We confirm one prediction of the task-efficiency explanation by demonstrating a genetic basis for task thresholds of socially important behaviours in eastern tent caterpillars. However, we found no evidence that the expanded range of task thresholds in mixed colonies translates into improved individual or colony performance in the field. By contrast, increased group size, a less commonly considered correlate of group mixing, was found to enhance individual fitness through its effects on larval growth. We conclude that fitness benefits offsetting the dilution of relatedness in heterogeneous social groups may often stem from augmented group size rather than increased genotypic diversity.
Universities of Applied Sciences’ Leadership Role in Regional Innovation Ecosystems

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development contains 17 Goals. Goal 9 concerns building resilient infrastructure, promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization and fostering innovation. Hence, the development of innovation ecosystems in the European community plays an important role. This development is carried out at all levels of governance with an emphasis on the regional governance. The innovation ecosystem approach considers innovation a process that emerges from interaction among different types of companies and other organizations. One of the common success factors and actors in the innovation ecosystem consists of educational organizations that provide access to knowledge and creating knowledge infrastructure. However, the role of universities of applied sciences is not clear in empowering regional innovation ecosystems. In this conceptual paper, the role of universities of applied sciences in regional innovation ecosystems, is discussed. The research has been carried out by conducting an integrative literature review to identify themes, debates and gaps about the role of educational organizations using the Regional Innovation System model (RIS-model) and the system elements for diagnosing ecosystems. The outline of the paper shows that there is a great potential for universities of applied sciences in taking a leadership role in the regional innovation ecosystem due to their neutrality, practical-oriented accumulated knowledge, and expertise in relation to different stakeholder groups. This paper provides an overview of the key findings regarding the potential leadership role of universities of applied sciences in the regional innovation ecosystem for the management board of universities of applied sciences and regional policy makers. Thus, contributes to the formulation of regional innovation policies by including universities of applied sciences more clearly as active partners.
Category of CFR(Y)C and Weak Topos1

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Topos theory plays an important role in modern mathematics. It can be viewed as a generalization of set from the category aspect. However, the category of all fuzzy sets do not form topos. In order to investigate the category properties about fuzzy sets, the notion of weak topos is introduced. Factor space is an effective approach in knowledge representation and factor rattan is a crucial concept of a factor space. Rattans over Y could be viewed as an abstraction of factor rattan. In addition, the category of rattans over Y is not a topos. In this paper, two comments about the paper titled “Factor rattans, category FR(Y), and factor space” (J MATH ANAL APPL, 1994) are presented, and the notion of rattan over Y is revised to complete rattan over Y. The corresponding category is denoted CFR(Y). Topoi properties of the functor category CFR (Y)C are investigated and it is proved that CFR (Y)C is a weak topos, but not a topos.
Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Grade II and III Glioma Cell Lines Are Associated with Significant Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Higher Oxidative Stress

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The role of mitochondria in tumorigenesis has regained much attention as it could dysregulate cellular energetics, oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, the role of mitochondria in different grade gliomasis still unknown. This study aimed to identify mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variations that could possibly affect the mitochondrial functions and also the oxidative stress status in different grades of glioma cell lines. Three different grades of human glioma cell lines and a normal human astrocyte cell line were cultured in-vitro and tested for oxidative stress biomarkers. Relative oxidative stress level, mitochondria activity and mitochondrial mass were determined by live cell imaging with confocal laser scanning microscope using CM-H2DCFDA, MitoTracker Green and MitoTracker Orange stains. The entire mitochondrial genome was sequenced using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mitochondrial Resequencing Array 2.0. The mitochondrial sequence variations were subjected to phylogenetic haplogroup assessmentand non-synonymous sequence changes were analysed for protein pathogenicity prediction using pMUT and PolyPhen2. The Grade II astrocytoma cells showed increased oxidative stress where a high level of 8-OHdG and oxidative stress indicator were observed using cell imaging. Simultaneously, Grade II and III glioma cells showed relatively poor mitochondria functions and increased number of mutations in the coding region of the mtDNA which could be due to high levels of oxidative stress in these cells. These non-synonymous mtDNA sequence variations were predicted to be pathogenic and could possibly lead to protein dysfunction, leading to OXPHOS impairment, mitochondria dysfunction and could create a vicious cycle of oxidative stress. The Grade IV cells had no missense mutation but preserved intact mitochondria and excellent antioxidant defense mechanisms thus ensuring better survival. In conclusion, Grade II and III glioma cells demonstrated coding region mtDNA mutations, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and higher oxidative stress.
Analysis and improvement of IKEv2 against denial of service attack

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

IKEv2 is the new version of Internet Key Exchange protocol. Despite of its several advantages, it is still vulnerable to denial of service attack. In this paper, we propose an improvement of IKEv2, which is based on the shared secret and asymmetric distribution of calculations. By analyzing the improved IKEv2 with a cost-based framework, we conclude that the improvement is secure against DoS attack. Furthermore, associated with cookie mechanism, the improvement can prevent flooding attack from spoofed IP addresses. And the improvement can also achieve the identity authentication in advance, resist man-in-the-middle attack and replay attack.
Rambling on: Exploring the complexity of walking as a meaningful activity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Walking is the most popular leisure activity in the UK and is considered to be appropriate exercise for maintaining physical health, for both men and women, of all ages (Kay and Moxham, 1996; Morris and Hardman, 1997; Fox and Rickards, 2004; Curry, et al, 2012). It is a fundamental part of human development (Solnit 2006), and is also felt, by participants, to be highly therapeutic (Robertson and Babic, 2009), providing a range of physiological and psychological health benefits (Department of Health, 2009; Roe and Aspinall, 2011). These benefits are particularly important as people enter older age and their range of leisure pursuits declines (Freysinger and Ray, 1994) yet, as a population we tend to walk less than we used to (Department of Health 2009), many healthy walking initiatives have failed (Curry, et al, 2012), and more than half of the adults in England are not meeting the minimum recommendations for physical activity (Health and Social Care Information Centre 2012). This is particularly the case for men, whose relative lack of engagement with walking is likely to be influenced by activity patterns and identities that are formed early in their lives and remain stable across their lives (Liechty and Genoe, 2013). Given the undoubted benefits of walking to men, we want in this chapter to examine the meanings of walking as a way of shifting debates away frominstrumental associations with physical health towards a more rounded view of meaning that may resonate more strongly with many men's established leisure activities and identities. The literature that explores walking is diverse, including many disciplines, and focuses on the benefits. What follows is a review of leisure-focused walking literature, in order to explore meanings, rather than outcomes.
Towards application of palladium membrane reactors in large scale production of hydrogen:

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Palladium membrane reactors have been identified as a promising option for hydrogen production in future power production systems and industrial chemical production processes. This paper gives an overview of the results and current status of the palladium membrane reactor development at ECN for large-scale hydrogen production. Dense tubular Pd alloy membranes with a high hydrogen permeance have been made on ceramic supports with electroless plating on a 1m 2 scale. Application of a Pd membrane and a commercial catalyst in membrane reactor experiments have shown that it is possible to shift the methane conversion beyond chemical equilibrium by means of hydrogen withdrawal. A computer model of the palladium membrane reformer was developed and has been successfully used to evaluate the impact of main operating and design parameters on the reactor performance. A sustainable use of fossil fuels in the future will undoubtedly make use of concepts where the energy content of the fossil fuel is efficiently transferred to hydrogen. The driving force for these concepts is the possibility of capturing CO2 elegantly while using the favourable thermodynamics to increase the efficiency of hydrogen production significantly. In ECN's vision palladium membrane reactors will play a key role in future decarbonisation of fossil fuels. Combining reaction and separation using membrane reactors will offer numerous advantages for hydrogen production both in future power production systems and in industrial chemical production processes. The application of hydrogen selective membranes for the removal of hydrogen from reforming and shift reactions gives higher conversion of these equilibrium reactions at lower temperatures while elegantly CO2 can be captured under high pressure or chemical products can be obtained cost-effectively (Jansen et al., 2004). The Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands ECN works on the development of palladium membrane reactors for energy efficient industrial hydrogen production and power generation. Important research topics are the development of thinner and cheaper palladium membranes with higher permeation rates, customized catalysts, which are active at low temperatures and resistant to coke formation, and the design of a feasible large scale membrane reactor and hydrogen production process. The objective is to have a pilot membrane reactor unit, which can deliver 5 Nm 3 /h hydrogen, operational in 2009. An overview of the results and current status of the hydrogen membrane reactor development for large-scale hydrogen production is presented.
[Role of arteriography in the assessment and treatment of hemorrhagic diseases of the small intestines].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present the indications and usefulness of visceral angiography for diagnostic and therapy in patients with gastrointestinal haemorrhage. This is based on the results of a retrospective study of 265 angiographies for gastrointestinal bleeding. In fifty one cases an extravasation was seen and in one hundred and four patients a possible etiology for the gastrointestinal hemorrhage was suspected from indirect signs. In 19 cases, an embolization was performed with good result in 16 (84%).
Analysis of Resting State according to the data of magnetoencephalography

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Resting State (RS) is the basic state of human consciousness. Many neural networks of the brain in RS interact with each other. The same activity can be observed with a difficult cognitive load. Thus, RS reflects the whole dynamics of consciousness. Data, recorded through two methods: functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) is generally used to image resting state network (RSN). The effective connection of RSN was visualized by fMRI, but the lack of this method is a poor temporal sensitivity. The MEG method makes it possible to get data with a good temporal resolution up to 1000 Hz. In this work we have analyzed the data, recorded at RS. Functional RSN, related to the motor and sensory regions of the brain, as well as the default and control networks, was identified. These functional networks were detected with the fMRI first, and are most well identified in the analysis of the BOLD signal.
Application of AgNPs in biomedicine: An overview and current trends

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can provide excellent, reliable, and effective solutions for anti-microbial, drug-loading, and other purposes due to their extraordinary physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Different methods have been used in the synthesis and characterization of AgNPs, and AgNPs have been applied in various fields of biomedicine, including dentistry, oncology, diabetology, neurodegenerative disorders, and so on. However, the cytotoxicity of AgNPs has not been solved during their application, making them controversial. The aim of this review is to summarize the capabilities, synthesis, and characterization methods, and the application of AgNPs in various biomedicine fields. In addition, the toxicity of AgNPs is explicated, and the methods of enhancing the benefit properties and reducing the toxicity of AgNPs are demonstrated. In the end, the perspective of AgNPs’ research and application are proposed for the great potential in biomedicine contributing to human health.