jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design and experimental study on Fresnel lens of the combination of equal-width and equal-height of grooves

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

High concentrating PV systems rely on large Fresnel lens that must be precisely oriented in the direction of the Sun to maintain high concentration ratio. We propose a new Fresnel lens design method combining equal-width and equal-height of grooves in this paper based on the principle of focused spot maximum energy. In the ring band near the center of Fresnel lens, the design with equal-width grooves is applied, and when the given condition is reached, the design with equal-height grooves is introduced near the edges of the Fresnel lens, which ensures all the lens grooves are planar. In this paper, we establish a Fresnel lens design example model by Solidworks, and simulate it with the software ZEMAX. An experimental test platform is built to test, and the simulation correctness is proved by experiments. Experimental result shows the concentrating efficiency of this example is 69.3%, slightly lower than the simulation result 75.1%.
Multi-Trip Multi-Compartment Vehicle Routing Problem with Backhauls

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract

The Multi-Trip Multi-Compartment Vehicle Routing Problem with Backhauls (MTMCVRPB) is a complex optimization problem that involves finding the most efficient routes for a heterogeneous fleet of multi-compartment vehicles to transport heterogeneous commodities simultaneously. The problem involves making deliveries and pickups while taking into account capacity constraints on compartments and other specific requirements such as limitation on route length. The MTMCVRPB aims to minimize the total cost of the routes, including the cost of vehicles, fuel and other expenses, while maximizing efficiency of vehicles and fulfilling the demand of customers. In order to solve the MTMCVRPB, this article recommends a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation. The proposed model takes into consideration the demands of both linehaul and backhaul customers, ensuring that on each route linehaul deliveries are made before visiting any backhaul customer. The model was tested on benchmark instances from literature and randomly generated data sets and numerical experiments were performed to demonstrate its effectiveness. The proposed model can be beneficial for the industries such as grocery and food delivery, fuel distribution and garbage collection as these are main applications of this model. We have also provided a saving based heuristic by making certain modifications to find the quick and efficient solution to the proposed model.
The stigma of obesity in adolescence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction/Objective. Obese children and adolescents are exposed to stigma and discrimination from peers, teachers and family which can lead to numerous health problems, including psychosocial problems. The aim of this study is to determine whether obese adolescents in Serbia are exposed to stigmatization and which are the most common forms of stigmatization they face. Methods. The study included 335 adolescents who were hospitalized for a treatment of obesity. During hospitalization weight and height were measured, and body mass index was calculated. Participants completed independently Questionnaire about weightbased stigmatization made for the purpose of this research. Questionnaire also included questions about sex, age of respondents, and about obesity of other family members. Results. Fifty-nine percent of participants experienced offence, 19% were teased, 47.5% were subject of a gossip, and 25% were excluded from peer group; 45% reported that other people had prejudice against them. Male adolescents significantly more often faced overt forms of stigmatization/discrimination compared to female adolescents. Nineteen percent of participants were stigmatized by health workers and 6% stated that their family is ashamed of their obesity. Conclusion. A significant percent of obese adolescents is exposed to a stigma due to their weight, most often to insults, gossip and social exclusion. Obese adolescents are most often exposed to stigmatization by peers, but there are a significant proportion of adolescents who are exposed to stigma from health workers.
sj-pdf-1-scv-10.1177_10892532211064041 – Supplemental Material for Platelet Dysfunction in Cardiac Surgery: When is the Best Time to Assess It? An Observational Single Center Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-scv-10.1177_10892532211064041 for Platelet Dysfunction in Cardiac Surgery: When is the Best Time to Assess It? An Observational Single Center Study by Elisabetta Auci, Igor Vendramin, Federico Barbariol, Ilaria Riccardi, Andrea Gigante, Antonio Baroselli, Tiziana Bove, Flavio Bassi, Luigi Vetrugno and Ugolino Livi in Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
A Comprehensive Review of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Focusing on Surgical Management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The two main diseases of inflammatory bowel disease are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The pathogenesis of inflammatory disease is that abnormal intestinal inflammations occur in genetically susceptible individuals according to various environmental factors. The consequent process results in inflammatory bowel disease. Medical treatment consists of the induction of remission in the acute phase of the disease and the maintenance of remission. Patients with Crohn's disease finally need surgical treatment in 70% of the cases. The main surgical options for Crohn's disease are divided into two surgical procedures. The first is strictureplasty, which can prevent short bowel syndrome. The second is resection of the involved intestinal segment. Simultaneous medico-surgical treatment can be a good treatment strategy. Ulcerative colitis is a diffuse nonspecific inflammatory disease that involves the colon and the rectum. Patients with ulcerative colitis need surgical treatment in 30% of the cases despite proper medical treatment. The reasons for surgical treatment are various, from life-threatening complications to growth retardation. The total proctocolectomy (TPC) with an ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the most common procedure for the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis. Medical treatment for ulcerative colitis after a TPC with an IPAA is usually not necessary.
Pose Controlled Creation of Human Actions Using GANs Chaining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Generative Adversarial Networks(이하 GANs)은 다양한 콘텐츠 제작 분야에서 빠른 발전속도를 보여왔다. 특히 영상 생성 분야에서는 아바타 애니메이션과 같은 인간 중심 응용 프로그램의 개발로 큰 주목을 받았다. 본 논문에서는 2단계 GAN 파이프라인을 사용하여 ‘GAN을 통한 순차적 인간 행동생성’(Sequential Human Action Generation with GANs)’에 대한 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 비디오 생성을 위해 자세 제어 가능한 접근 방식을 적용하였다. 자세 생성기로 자세의 뼈대를 생성한 후, 프레임 생성기를 통해 텍스처를 입히는 방식이 사용되었다. 비디오 제작에 대한 광범위한 실제 분석 결과는 포즈 제어 가능한 비디오 생성이 안정적이고 직관적이라는 결과를 보여준다. 결과적으로 다양한 영상 품질실험을 통해 SeHAGAN의 순차적 행동 방법이 사람의 움직임에 대한 자연스러운 고품질의 영상을 생성할 수 있음을 입증하였다.
SH1501295.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Connected fluent aphasic speech

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this chapter we will discuss the nature of connected speech samples, their benefits and drawbacks and whether such data add to our knowledge of fluent aphasia. We will look at examples of connected speech, noting and examining errors that occur, and explore some possible explanations for them. The clinical descriptions of fluent aphasic speech that we examined in the preceding chapters concentrated on non-segmental and lexical features. We have also looked at supra-segmental features of fluent aphasia, observing that prosody is said to be normal while rate of speech is described as abnormal or, by some, hyper-fluent. However, we have seen that in a study where rate of speech was measured it was found to be normal. Lexical access is assumed to be deficient and this difficulty is associated with semantic and phonemic paraphasias as well as the production of neologisms. In terms of word-processing models, these errors suggest that deficits are at the semantic and phonological level of representation.
Prediction Models for Individualized Treatment Effects of Oxygen Targets

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MACHETE: synthesis of sequential machines for easy testability

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Test generation for sequential machines is known to be computationally expensive. The authors present a scheme, called MACHETE (MACHines for Easy TEstability), for synthesizing easily testable architectures for sequential machines by adding some state transitions and their associated output vectors to the state transition table. This is done to make the internal states of the machine easily controllable as well as observable. This can enable us to obtain a high fault coverage in reasonable amounts of CPU time.< >
A case of hydrothorax complicating CAPD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

慢性腎不全のため血液透析を行ってきた38歳の男性に, CAPD導入の際, 胸水貯留を合併した症例を経験したので報告する.CAPD導入11日目に右胸部痛を訴え, 胸部X線で著明な右胸水が認められた. 胸膜炎など他疾患を疑わせる所見はなかった. 腹腔と胸腔の交通を証明するために透析液に99mTcを混和し腹腔内に注入した. 3時間後の胸腹部スキャンで胸部に同位元素の取り込みが認められた. 1回透析液注入量を減量したら, 自覚症状も消失したため, 胸水貯留の状態で退院させ外来で経過観察している.
Changes of Tyramine during Storage and Spoilage of Anchovies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A study was carried out on the evolution of tyramine throughout storage and spoilage at two different temperatures of canned anchovy semi‐preserves and anchovy homogenates. During storage an increase occurred in tyramine until a maximum concentration was reached, after which it began to decrease. The storage temperature did not significantly influence the maximum tyramine content reached, though refrigeration temperatures delayed the start of the increase. Determination of tyramine was not a good parameter for establishing the conservation or spoilage status of anchovies.
Psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

During major pandemics such as COVID-19, the fear of being infected, uncertain prognoses, and the imposition of restrictions may result in greater odds of emotional and psychological distress. Hence, the present study examines the predictors of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, and how they differ by gender.Data of 2,756 adults aged 18 years and above from a cross-sectional online survey conducted between July and October 2020 was used for this study. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out. The results were presented as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with their respective confidence interval (CI).Lower odds of psychological distress were found among males compared to females and among individuals aged 45-64 or 65-84 years compared to those aged 18-44. The odds of psychological distress decreased with a rise in income, with individuals whose annual income was greater than or equal to $100,000 being less likely to experience psychological distress compared to those whose income was less than $20,000. The odds of psychological distress were higher among residents of Ontario compared to residents of Quebec. Similarly, the odds of psychological distress were higher among individuals who reported experiencing COVID-19 symptoms compared to those who did not report any COVID-19 symptoms. The disaggregated results by gender showed that age, province, and self-reported COVID-19 symptoms had significant associations with psychological distress in both males and females, but these effects were more pronounced among females compared to males. In addition, income was negatively associated with psychological distress for both males and females, with this effect being stronger among males.Five exposure variables (gender, age, province, experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, and total annual income in 2019) significantly predicted the likelihood of reporting psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. Clearly, there is an imminent need to provide mental health support services to vulnerable groups. Additionally, interventions and policies aimed at combating psychological distress during pandemics such as COVID-19 should be gender specific.
Mitral valve mechanics following posterior leaflet patch augmentation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Posterior leaflet patch augmentation significantly reduced the forces exerted on the intermediate chordae tendineae from the posterior papillary muscle following FIMR simulation. As changes in chordal tension lead to a redistribution of the total stress exerted on the valve, patch augmentation may have an adverse long-term influence on mitral valve function and remodeling.
Using CLP Simplifications to Improve Java Bytecode Termination Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In an earlier work, a termination analyzer for Java bytecode was developed that translates a Java bytecode program into a constraint logic program and then proves the termination of the latter. An efficiency bottleneck of the termination analyzer is the construction of a proof of termination for the generated constraint logic program, which is often very large in size. In this paper, a set of program simplifications are presented that reduce the size of the constraint logic program without changing its termination behavior. These simplifications remove program clauses and/or predicate arguments that do not affect the termination behavior of the constraint logic program. Their effect is to reduce significantly the time needed to build the termination proof for the constraint logic program, as our experiments show.
Data from: Population correlates of rapid captive-induced maladaptation in a wild fish

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Understanding the extent to which captivity generates maladaptation in wild species can inform species recovery programs and elucidate wild population responses to novel environmental change. Though rarely quantified, effective population size (Ne) and genetic diversity should influence the magnitude of plastic and genetic changes manifested in captivity that reduce wild fitness. Sexually-dimorphic traits might also mediate consequences of captivity. To evaluate these relationships, we generated >600 full- and half-sibling families from nine wild brook trout populations, reared them for one generation under common, captive environmental conditions, and contrasted several fitness-related traits in wild vs. captive lines. We found substantial variation in lifetime success (lifetime survival and reproductive success) and life history traits among wild populations after just one captive generation (fourteen- and three-fold ranges across populations, respectively). Populations with lower heterozygosity showed lower captive lifetime success, suggesting that captivity generates maladaptation within one generation. Greater male-biased mortality in captivity occurred in populations having disproportionately higher growth rates in males than females. Wild population Ne and allelic diversity had little or no influence on captive trait expression and lifetime success. Our results have four conservation implications: (i) Trait values and lifetime success were highly variable across populations following one generation of captivity. (ii) Maladaptation induced by captive breeding might be particularly intense for the very populations practitioners are most interested in conserving, such as those with low heterozygosity. (iii) Maladaptive sex differences in captivity might be associated with population-dependent growth costs of reproduction. (iv) Heterozygosity can be a good indicator of short-term, intraspecific responses to novel environmental change.
Efficient and Predictable Process Scheduling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Real-time applications such as multimedia audio and video are increasingly populating the workstation desktop. To suppor tthe execution of these applications in conjunction with traditional non-realtime applications, we have created a parametric scheduler for multimedia and Real-Time applications. Workstations and personal computers are increasingly being used for applications with real-time characteristics such as speech understanding and synthesis, media computations and I/O, and animation, often concurrently executed with traditional non-real-time workloads. This paper presents a system that can schedule multiple independent activities so that: • Activities can obtain minimum guaranteed execution rates with application-specified reservation granularities via CPU Reservations. • CPU Reservations, which are of the form “reserve X units of time out of every Y units”, provide not just an average case execution rate of X/Y over long periods of time, but the stronger guarantee that from any instant of time, by Y time units later, the activity will have executed for at least X time units.
Autophagic‐lysosomal and mitochondrial sequestration of [14C]sucrose

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

[ 14 C]Sucrose, introduced into the cytosol of isolated rat hepatocytes by means of electropermeabilization, was sequestered by sedimentable subcellular particles during incubation of the cells at 37°C. The sedimentation characteristics of particle‐associated [ 14 C]sucrose were different from the lysosomal marker enzyme acid phosphatase, suggesting an involvement of organelles of greater size than the average lysosome. Isopycnic banding in isotonic metrizamide/sucrose density gradients resolved two major peaks of radioactivity: a light peak (1.08‐1.10 g/ml) coinciding with lysosomal marker enzymes, and a dense peak (1.15 g/ml), coinciding with a mitochondrial marker enzyme. The dense peak was preferentially associated with large‐size particles having the sedimentation properties of mitochondria, and it was resistant to the detergent digitonin at a concentration which extracted all of the radioactivity in the light peak. Similarly the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine prevented accumulation of [ 14 C]sucrose in the light peak, while the radioactivity in the dense peak was unaffected. We therefore tentatively conclude that the light peak represents autophagic sequestration of [ 14 C]sucrose into lysosomes (and probably autophagosomes) while the dense peak represents a mitochondrial uptake unrelated to autophagy.
Environmental “Footprint” of the Cruise Industry

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Cruise tourism has created a range of environmental problems at sea and in port. These include air pollution, sewage, gray water, hazardous waste, and solid waste in larger than life scales. This chapter details these problems and outlines international environmental protocol. Often, paying the fines for breaking environmental regulations has been more affordable than making the needed environmental upgrades and following procedure. Despite the cruise sector's enormous investment in ships and supporting infrastructure, at least until fairly recently, efforts by the cruise lines to either reduce their own carbon footprint or to find ways to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change have been relatively modest and piecemeal. As impacts of climate change are becoming more evident, today the major cruise lines, as well as industry associations, all report that cruise corporations are investing a lot in new technologies and practices to ensure the sector's sustainability. These technologies are detailed. The chapter concludes with recommendations for destinations to craft sustainability standards and mitigation/adaptation strategies for climate change that successfully integrate the cruise sector. Caribbean states would benefit from a coordinated region-wide policy that takes steps to increase cruise tourism's economic benefits and reduce its environmental impacts.
Increase in Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Height Ratio is Associated with High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents in China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study compared the association between blood pressure (BP) and obesity in 1145 Chinese children and adolescents (608 males, 537 females) using data from the 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Obesity was diagnosed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Analysis of variance was used to analyse the difference in BP among different subgroups. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated and multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out. The prevalence of high systolic and diastolic BP increased directly with corresponding increments in BMI, WC and WHtR, although the prevalence and OR of high BP were higher when increased BMI was combined with WC (OR 3.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79, 6.41) or WHtR (OR 3.28; 95% CI 1.71, 6.30). In conclusion, increased BMI, WC and WHtR were directly associated with high BP in Chinese children and adolescents.
Urbanism and the Prehistory of Violent Conflict: Tell Brak, northeast Syria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Fig. 1 : Tell Brak from the north; Outer Town in foreground, mounded city core in background. Urbanism Traditional reconstructions of the world’s earliest cities place them in southern Mesopotamia (South Iraq), during the mid-4th millennium BC. Excavations at southern sites such as Uruk-Warka found evidence for rapid settlement growth, religious power represented by massive temple complexes, and strong leadership ideology suggested by images of priest-kings, all from ca 3500 BC. These develop...