jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Surfactant Diffusion and Dynamic Surface Tension in Spray Solutions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In spray application, reflection (rebound) and wetting difficulty can hinder droplet retention by plant surfaces. Surfactants are usually added to formulations to help overcome these problems, but are sometimes ineffective. Some workers have found dynamic surface tension (DST) to be more reliable than equilibrium surface tension (EST) as a measure of surfactant effectiveness. Diffusion-controlled surfactant adsorption generally produces the quickest surface tension reductions as newly generated interfaces age. A diffusion model was developed for DST of three surfactants representing those commonly used in agrochemical formulations: Tween 20, Triton X-100, and Triton X-405. A bulk-solution diffusion model was developed which, together with the DST model indicated apparent diffusive surface-layer thicknesses of a few micrometers. Apparent diffusion coefficients were determined from DST data obtained by oscillating-jet and maximum bubble pressure methods for aqueous solutions. Good agreement of the models with DST data indicated that adsorption processes for the surfactants were diffusion-controlled. Surface ages required to achieve EST for the surfactants were greater than time intervals observed for droplet deformation and recovery in impaction.
Prespliceosomal Assembly on Microinjected Precursor mRNA Takes Place in Nuclear Speckles

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nuclear speckles (speckles) represent a distinct nuclear compartment within the interchromatin space and are enriched in splicing factors. They have been shown to serve neighboring active genes as a reservoir of these factors. In this study, we show that, in HeLa cells, the (pre)spliceosomal assembly on precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) is associated with the speckles. For this purpose, we used microinjection of splicing competent and mutant adenovirus pre-mRNAs with differential splicing factor binding, which form different (pre)spliceosomal complexes and followed their sites of accumulation. Splicing competent pre-mRNAs are rapidly targeted into the speckles, but the targeting is temperature-dependent. The polypyrimidine tract sequence is required for targeting, but, in itself, is not sufficient. The downstream flanking sequences are particularly important for the targeting of the mutant pre-mRNAs into the speckles. In supportive experiments, the behavior of the speckles was followed after the microinjection of antisense deoxyoligoribonucleotides complementary to the specific domains of snRNAs. Under these latter conditions prespliceosomal complexes are formed on endogenous pre-mRNAs. We conclude that the (pre)spliceosomal complexes on microinjected pre-mRNA are formed inside the speckles. Their targeting into and accumulation in the speckles is a result of the cumulative loading of splicing factors to the pre-mRNA and the complexes formed give rise to the speckled pattern observed.
Electron transport across complex oxide heterointerfaces

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Deze these is het eerste verschenen werk dat het gebruik van BEEM om heet elektron transport in complexe oxide heterostructuren te bestuderen, demonstreert. Belangrijke transportparameters van LSMO zoals de hete elektron attenuatie-lengte en de energieafhankelijkheid zijn succesvol verkregen. Dit werk kan verder uitgebouwd worden naar studies van andere complexe oxides zoals ruthenates en multiferroics. Een belangrijke conclusie in deze these is de sterke bijdrage van polaronbotsingen,naast electron-electron botsingen, aan de attenuatie-lengte in zulke transitie metaaloxides. Er is recent veel interesse in device structuren gebaseerd op heet elektron transport zoals photovoltaische effecten in multiferroics of ferroelektrischetunneling elektroweerstand. De gebruikte benadering van ‘non-equilibrium’ transport is ook interessant voor theoretici, waar het gebruikt kan worden om ‘equilibrium self-energie’ correcties, veroorzaakt door correlaties, te meten. De unieke mogelijkheid om met deze techniek elektronen transport te visualiseren en kwantificeren in verborgen lagen en grensvlakken is zeer belangrijk voor het ontwerpen en begrijpen van transport in elektronische oxide devices, dit werk is een eerste demonstratie in deze richting.
Assessment of Residual Feed Intake and Its Relevant Measurements in Two Varieties of Japanese Quails (Coturnixcoturnix japonica) under High Environmental Temperature

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Three hundred and ten 12-week-old laying Japanese quails (Coturnixcoturnix japonica) from gray and white varieties (155 each) were randomly selected from the initial population and kept in individual battery cages. The measurements of growth and egg production were determined to derive residual feed intake (RFI). The relationship between RFI and egg quality, blood parameters, and carcass characteristics was also determined. The results indicated that the gray quails had significantly higher egg mass and lower broken eggs compared to the white quails. A significant increase of eggshell strength and shell percentage was found in eggs produced from gray quails compared to their white counterparts, although their shell thickness means weresimilar. The results of multiple regression analysis clearly identified a significant effect of metabolic body weight and egg mass for the computation of expected feed intake, rather than body weight gain, in both varieties of Japanese quails. A strong positive correlation between RFI and feed intake in both gray and white quail varieties was found. The same trend was also observed for feed conversion ratio (FCR). Therefore, including RFI in the selection criteria of Japanese quails in order to improve FCR under high environmental temperature is highly recommended.
Causes of death in patients with gastric ulcers.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Of 701 patients with gastric ulcers admitted to hospital within the period 1955-64, 180 died within a five-year period calculated from the time of admission. Causes of death were established at autopsy in 66%, and otherwise were derived from death certificates. The mortality in our series is grouped after the sex and age of the patients, and the causes of death are compared with the corresponding sex and age groups of the Copenhagen population. Mortality was significantly higher than expected in both men and women, particularly high in the first year after actual admission, but falling thereafter to about the same level as the expected mortality. Gastric ulcer itself was the most usual cause of death, but other disease was also significant. Thus mortality from suicide was significantly higher than expected in women. That there is a relationship between operation and suicide seems unlikely--all concerned had psychiatric histories. In men, pulmonary disease involved a significantly higher mortality than expected, and some connection between ulcer disease and pulmonary disease seems possible. If patients dying from cancer of the stomach within a two-year period are excluded, mortality from this disease was not significantly higher than expected. Thus the study gives no support to that theory that benign gastric ulcers are prone to malignant degeneration.
The localization of rhythmic brain activity in patients with brain tumors using magnetoencephalography

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Multi-channel MEG data is used to localize electric brain activity in the head by constructing a mathematical inverse model that gives the relationship between the location and orientation of the source (a current dipole) and the measured magnetic fields. When this technique is used to localize the generators of spontaneous brain rhythms (like the alpha rhythm, 8-12 Hz or the delta rhythm, 1-4 Hz) one faces the problem that the non-linear inverse problem has to be solved on large amounts of data. In our study, the inverse problem was solved efficiently by disregarding samples with low amplitude and samples with large initial guess errors, by splitting up the inverse problem into a linear and a non-linear part and by using a global search algorithm based on pre-computed tables applied with each time sample. When this technique is applied on the delta band of MEG data sets of patients with brain tumors, clusters of good fitting dipoles are found at the tumor boundaries. The numerical efficiency of the applied algorithm is sufficient to be applied in clinical practice on a routine basis.
Probiotics your friendly gut bacteria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The functional food concept has in recent years, moved progressively towards the development of dietary supplements that may stimulate gut microbial composition and activities. The rationale behind these advances is consequent to the realization that gut microflora has profound influence on the
host’s health. The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) represents an ecosystem of the highest complexity and is very dynamic in composition. The micro biota exists in a commensal, symbiotic or an antagonist microbial relationship. Among more than 400 species of bacteria present in the GIT of an adult human being, bifidobacteria and lactobacillus are considered to be the most beneficial to human health. Members of these genera are thought to enhance digestion, adsorption of nutrients, prevention of colonization by pathogens, decreasing serum cholesterol and stimulation of immune responses. The ability of these bifidobacteria and lactobacilli to ferment non-digestible oligosaccharides may be an important characteristic which enables them to establish themselves in the colon. Studies were undertaken by researchers in our laboratory to elucidate the probiotic characteristics and effects of the bifidobacteria species isolated from the human GIT and to propose screening, cultivation and preservation and delivery techniques for this bacterium.
The novel coding region SNPs of PPARGC1A gene and their associations with growth traits in Chinese native cattle

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha protein, encoded by the PPARGC1A gene, is a metabolic switch, which transcription- ally activates a complex pathway of mitochondrial biogenesis, lipid and glucose metabolism. Three SNPs (exon 3 c.396G(A, intron 9 c.1892 ? 19C(T and exon 10 c.1971C(T) were found and identified in three Chinese native cattle breeds by PCR-SSCP, PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing methods. All three populations had a low genetic diversity at SNP396 locus (PIC \0.25) while possessed a moderate genetic diversity at SNP1892 locus (0.25 PIC 0.5). Association study indi- cated that the synonymous mutation c.396G(A significantly associated with body weight and average daily gain in Nanyang cattle at the adult age (P 0.05). Our investigation will not only extend the spectrum of genetic variation of bovine PPARGC1A gene, but also provide useful information for the marker assisted selection in beef cattle breeding program.
Root distribution and its association with bean growth habit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Associations between root distribution and bean growth habit may contribute to the selection of genotypes adapted to restrictive environments. The present work aimed to relate and compare root distribution with the growth habit in beans. 10 bean genotypes of different growth habits (I, II and III) were evaluated for root distribution in two agricultural years (2014/15 and 2015/16). The genotypes responded similarly for the trait root distribution throughout the agricultural years, without any simple effect of the genotype x year interaction. The factors genotype and years were significant for the trait. The genotypes of a determinate habit showed significant differences compared to other genotypes (II and III), which were ascribed to their poor performance in the average of years. They include the Carioca Precoce, which showed a behavior similar to the other habits. It could be considered a "plastic" genotype under restrictive conditions. The contrasts revealed significant differences between the growth habits II vs I (2.87) and III vs I (3.64) for root distribution. The differences were also significant for grain yield. Thus, genotypes of indeterminate growth habit show greater root distribution than those of a determinate habit, regardless of the agricultural years. Therefore, they are promising for use in blocks of crosses, when the purpose is the selection of cultivars adapted to low input environments.
Review of Daughter's Succession in Family Business

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Succession is a continuing hot topic for family business.And following to more and more female family members joining in the family business,gender and succession maybe a new field for researchers.This paper,based on inheritance norm of family business,makes a literature review on the problem of primogeniture and daughters' succession,and then,takes a comparative study on father-daughter and mother-daughter.Finally,comments and suggestions for future directions are given.
Birth month associations with height, head circumference, and limb lengths among peruvian children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Associations between season of birth and body size, morbidity, and mortality have been widely documented, but it is unclear whether different parts of the body are differentially sensitive, and if such effects persist through childhood. This may be relevant to understanding the relationship between early life environment and body size and proportions. We investigated associations between birth month and anthropometry among rural highland ( n = 162) and urban lowland ( n = 184) Peruvian children aged 6 months to 8 years. Stature; head‐trunk height; total limb, ulna, tibia, hand, and foot lengths; head circumference; and limb measurements relative to head‐trunk height were converted to internal age‐sex‐specific z scores. Lowland and highland datasets were then analyzed separately for birth month trends using cosinor analysis, as urban conditions likely provide a more consistent environment compared with anticipated seasonal variation in the rural highlands. Among highland children birth month associations were significant most strongly for tibia length, followed by total lower limb length and stature, with a peak among November births. Results were not significant for other measurements or among lowland children. The results suggest a prenatal or early postnatal environmental effect on growth that is more marked in limb lengths than trunk length or head size, and persists across the age range studied. We suggest that the results may reflect seasonal variation in maternal nutrition in the rural highlands, but other hypotheses such as variation in maternal vitamin D levels cannot be excluded. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:115–124, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. American Journal of Physical Anthropology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study on colorimetry characterization of video cameras

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The idea condition of a hybrid system consists of color input and out devices is that the output devices should be able to make direct use of the data obtained from input, i.e., the input devices should be an standard observer. The colorimetry characterization of a video camera is studied. Based on color difference, lightness difference, hue difference and chroma difference, the differences between camera and standard observer are calculated, and the experimental results are evaluated.
Role of Immunohistochemistry in Categorisation of Metastatic Tumours of Liver: A Cross-sectional Observational Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The liver is the body’s largest solid organ and receives a dual blood supply, making it an easy target for metastases from both extra-abdominal and abdominal lesions. In adults, the most common sites of primary lesions are the breast, colon, lung and pancreas. Liver biopsies are pivotal for managing patients with metastatic diseases, aiding in diagnosis and treatment planning. When primary cancer sites are undetectable, the diagnosis often falls under Carcinoma of Unknown Primary (CUP), which carries a poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is critical in such cases, using antibodies to identify the cancer’s origin when other methods fail. This technique is vital for confirming known malignancies and diagnosing elusive ones, thus informing treatment and improving patient outcomes. Aim: To study the role of IHC in the categorisation of metastatic tumours of the liver. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Postgraduate (PG) Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, between March 2021 and April 2024. Core needle biopsy samples of 65 cases were processed and analysed for Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain and IHC markers. Data on demographics and lesion characteristics were entered into Microsoft Excel and analysed with a trial version of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Significance was assessed using Pearson’s Chi-square test, with a p-value<0.05 considered statistically significant, and IHC findings were compared with radiological data. Results: The mean±Standard Deviation (SD) age of the study participants was 54.26±11.858 years. During the study period, 65 cases were recorded, with a slight female preponderance (n=34) over males. Hepatomegaly (n=23) was the most common clinical finding noted. All cases were grouped according to the radiological findings with reference to whether the primary site of the lesion was known or unknown. Twenty-seven cases had a known primary lesion, while 38 cases were classified as unknown. Accordingly, an IHC marker panel of Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) was initially applied, followed by the respective organ specific markers. With respect to all 65 cases, a concordance of 98.46% was recorded with the radiological findings, while a discordance of 1.54% was noted. A p-value<0.05 suggested that both IHC and the radiological findings regarding the nature of the primary lesion, whether known or unknown, were significant. Conclusion: Immunohistochemistry is paramount in ascertaining the origin of the primary lesion in hepatic metastatic tumours, which is crucial for prompt therapeutic intervention and favourable patient outcomes. The integration of IHC with radiological data is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment plans.
158861021 352 K 619147 409x 640

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

One night, everything changes for eighteen year old Alice. When the full moon invades Small Town, where a young innocent Alice Smith is ending her shift at the diner, she comes face to face with a big terrifying wolf. When the wolf attacks Alice and runs away, leaving only a single bite, she has no idea what troubles lie ahead of her. Could it have been that she was at the wrong place at the wrong time or the opposite? When the school's most frightening gang becomes interested in her, they will do anything to find out the truth behind Alice, especially their leader, Ryder King. Alice wants nothing to do with Ryder but when the time comes, Ryder could be the only one who can help her survive....
Why Muslims Shouldn’t Practice Medicine: The Autobiographical Account of a Frustrated Physician, Ibrāhīm al-Qalyūbī (fl. second half of seventh/ thirteenth century)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Naṣīḥat al-muḥibb fī dhamm al-takassub bi-l-ṭibb, a largely autobiographical treatise by the otherwise unknown Cairene physician Ibrāhīm ibn Yuḥannā al-Wajīh al-Qalyūbī (fl. second half of the seventh century AH/ thirteenth century CE), offers a unique account of the lives of street medical practitioners. Although written as a piece of advice warning students about the dangers that the practice of medicine poses for them in this world and the hereafter, this work is a treasure trove of information about the life of physicians beyond the walls of the court and the attitude of the common people towards them and their art. In this essay I will survey and discuss al-Qalyūbī’s complaints about the poor living conditions of physicians, the challenge of their authority by female medical practitioners, the predominance of Jews in the profession, and the dangers that the practice of medicine entails, according to al-Qalyūbī, for the intellect and the religious convictions of physicians.
THE EFFECT OF MAJOR VIRUSES AND VIRUS-FREE PLANTING MATERIALS ON SWEETPOTATO ROOT YIELD IN CHINA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ISHS II International Symposium on Sweetpotato and Cassava: Innovative Technologies for Commercialization THE EFFECT OF MAJOR VIRUSES AND VIRUS-FREE PLANTING MATERIALS ON SWEETPOTATO ROOT YIELD IN CHINA
Sawtooth control in JET with ITER relevant low field side resonance ion cyclotron resonance heating and ITER-like wall

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

New experiments at JET with the ITER-like wall show for the first time that ITER-relevant low field side resonance first harmonic ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) can be used to control sawteeth that have been initially lengthened by fast particles. In contrast to previous (Graves et al 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 624) high field side resonance sawtooth control experiments undertaken at JET, it is found that the sawteeth of L-mode plasmas can be controlled with less accurate alignment between the resonance layer and the sawtooth inversion radius. This advantage, as well as the discovery that sawteeth can be shortened with various antenna phasings, including dipole, indicates that ICRH is a particularly effective and versatile tool that can be used in future fusion machines for controlling sawteeth. Without sawtooth control, neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) and locked modes were triggered at very low normalised beta. High power H-mode experiments show the extent to which ICRH can be tuned to control sawteeth and NTMs while simultaneously providing effective electron heating with improved flushing of high Z core impurities. Dedicated ICRH simulations using SELFO, SCENIC and EVE, including wide drift orbit effects, explain why sawtooth control is effective with various antenna phasings and show that the sawtooth control mechanism cannot be explained by enhancement of the magnetic shear. Hybrid kinetic-magnetohydrodynamic stability calculations using MISHKA and HAGIS unravel the optimal sawtooth control regimes in these ITER relevant plasma conditions.
Position sensorless control of a novel flywheel energy storage system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a position-sensorless field-oriented control of a novel axial flux permanent magnet machine for flywheel energy storage system. The approach is based on the estimation of the motor induced voltage with the help of measured stator currents and reference voltages. Based on sliding mode observers, rotor position can be accurately estimated. This novel flywheel energy storage system is successfully controlled under position-sensorless scheme which eliminates the hassle of rotary encoder and reduces the system's cost. Both simulation and experimental results are illustrated for verification.