jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Male Gaze in Visual Culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The male gaze remains one of the most canonical and contested concepts in feminist media studies. Since Laura Mulvey introduced the phrase in 1975 in her study of Hollywood cinema, scholars have applied the concept of the male gaze to film, television, art, advertising, and myriad other visual cultures. Mulvey suggested that the cinematic camera positions spectators to assume the perspective of heterosexual male viewers, wherein women's bodies are objectified and commodified toward sadistic ends. Her arguments have raised questions about the limitations of and potential for spectatorial identifications, desire, agency, and resistance. This chapter will, accordingly, offer explication of Mulvey's theory of the male gaze and will also consider other intersectional perspectives that have deployed, critiqued, and expanded this concept, arguing for both recognition of the hegemony of the male gaze and its limitations.
Whole‐Tooth Regeneration: It Takes a Village of Scientists, Clinicians, and Patients

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract A team of senior scientists was formed in 2006 to create a blueprint for the regeneration of whole human teeth along with all of the supporting structure of the dentition. The team included experts from diverse fields, each with a reputation for stellar accomplishment. Participants attacked the scientific issues of tooth regeneration but, more importantly, each agreed to work collaboratively with experts from other disciplines to form a learning organization. A commitment to learn from one another produced a unique interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary team. Inspired by the Kennedy space program to send a man to the moon, with its myriad of problems and solutions that no one discipline could solve, this tooth regeneration team devised an ambitious plan that sought to use stem cell biology, engineering, and computational biology to replicate the developmental program for odontogenesis. In this manner, team members envisioned a solution that consisted of known or knowable fundamentals. They proposed a laboratory‐grown tooth rudiment that would be capable of executing the complete program for odontogenesis when transplanted to a suitable host, recreating all of the dental tissues, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone associated with the canonical tooth. This plan was designed to bring regenerative medicine fully into the dental surgery suite, although a lack of funding has so far prevented the plan from being carried out.
High-speed all-optical NOR gate using semiconductor optical amplifier

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the high-speed all-optical NOR gate using the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is demonstrated by using cross-gain modulation of the SOA, used for gain saturation-purpose by pump signal, at 10 Gb/s. Speed limitation reported by previous NOR gates is overcome by using clock signal for probe signal instead of a continuous wave (CW) light.
Inhibitory effect of Ulmus davidiana on ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release and cytokine production in RBL-2H3 cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objectives : Ulmus davidiana (UD) has been widely used in Korean herbal medicines used for treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rhinitis, asthma, and abscess. In this study, To investigated the protective effect of UD on type 1 allergic response, we determined whether UD inhibits early and late allergic response. Methods : The effect of UD was analyzed by ELISA and RT-PCR in RBL-2H3 cells. Levels of -hexosaminidase, interleukin (IL)-4 and TNF- were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). mRNA levels of COX-2 and T-helper type 2(Th2) cytokines were analyzed with RT-PCR. Results : We found that UD suppressed -hexosaminidase release in RBL-2H3 not only by the PMA plus A23187 stimulation, but also by the IgE-DNP-HSA stimulation at the antigen-antibody binding stage and antibody-receptor binding stage. UD also significantly inhibited COX2 level, along with reduced Th2 cytokine levels, such as IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, GM-CSF, and TNF- in RBL-2H3. Conclusions : Our results indicate that UD protects against type 1 allergic response and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of degranulation and expression of COX2 and Th2 cytokines.
Identification of cysteine-rich peptides as novel molecular markers for authentication of radix et rhizoma clematidis.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Radix et Rhizoma clematidis (RRC) or 威灵仙, from the Ranunculaceae family, is traditionally prescribed for treating rheumatoid arthritis and glandularis erythematosa. Presently, more than 70 plant species are sold as 威灵仙. This jeopardizes safe and effective use of the herb, and highlights the need for authentication and quality control. Currently, chemical-based markers for authentication of this herb are limited to saponins. We hypothesize that Cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs), like saponins, are components of plant biologics with therapeutic potential. Moreover, we speculate that CRPs can serve as novel molecular markers for herbal authentication. The Mass Spectrometry-Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (MS-UPLC) method was used for the preliminary screening of CRPs in RRC. Herein; we report the discovery of two novel heat- and enzyme-stable CRPs with mass of 4376Da and 4541Da, containing three and five disulphide bonds, respectively. We investigated the expression of the two CRPs in granule and dried-herb forms from four different sources. Both CRPs showed no significant difference in expression between granule and dried-herb samples (p> 0.05). We also noted that expression of CRPs was generally consistent in all eight samples. We conclude that CRPs have the potential to be novel markers for herbal authentication.
Utility of Equivariant Message Passing in Cortical Mesh Segmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The automated segmentation of cortical areas has been a long-standing challenge in medical image analysis. The complex geometry of the cortex is commonly represented as a polygon mesh, whose segmentation can be addressed by graph-based learning methods. When cortical meshes are misaligned across subjects, current methods produce significantly worse segmentation results, limiting their ability to handle multi-domain data. In this paper, we investigate the utility of E(n)-equivariant graph neural networks (EGNNs), comparing their performance against plain graph neural networks (GNNs). Our evaluation shows that GNNs outperform EGNNs on aligned meshes, due to their ability to leverage the presence of a global coordinate system. On misaligned meshes, the performance of plain GNNs drop considerably, while E(n)-equivariant message passing maintains the same segmentation results. The best results can also be obtained by using plain GNNs on realigned data (co-registered meshes in a global coordinate system).
Scalable hands-free transfer learning for online advertising

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Internet display advertising is a critical revenue source for publishers and online content providers, and is supported by massive amounts of user and publisher data. Targeting display ads can be improved substantially with machine learning methods, but building many models on massive data becomes prohibitively expensive computationally. This paper presents a combination of strategies, deployed by the online advertising firm Dstillery, for learning many models from extremely high-dimensional data efficiently and without human intervention. This combination includes: (i)~A method for simple-yet-effective transfer learning where a model learned from data that is relatively abundant and cheap is taken as a prior for Bayesian logistic regression trained with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) from the more expensive target data. (ii)~A new update rule for automatic learning rate adaptation, to support learning from sparse, high-dimensional data, as well as the integration with adaptive regularization. We present an experimental analysis across 100 different ad campaigns, showing that the transfer learning indeed improves performance across a large number of them, especially at the start of the campaigns. The combined "hands-free" method needs no fiddling with the SGD learning rate, and we show that it is just as effective as using expensive grid search to set the regularization parameter for each campaign.
A Unique Case of Extramedullary Relapse in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Testicular to Ocular, Cardiac, and Colonic Involvement and the Role of Sperm Phenotyping in Diagnosis—Case Report and Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant condition of lymphoid progenitor cells that primarily affects the pediatric population, but also adults. The 5-year survival rate is 90% in children and approximately 40% in adults, with survival increasing through the use of peripheral stem cell allotransplantation (SCT). The relapse rate after stem cell transplantation (SCT) in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients ranges from 35% to 45%, making relapse a major cause of death in this population. Background: We present an atypical case of late testicular involvement in ALL in a 50-year-old man diagnosed with ALL pro-T in remission post-chemotherapy (GMALL 2003 protocol) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) from a related donor. Methods: This case describes a 50-year-old male with ALL pro-T who experienced three rare extramedullary relapses post-chemotherapy and alloSCT. Five years after remission, he had a unilateral testicular relapse confirmed by immunophenotyping of spermatic fluid. Results: Despite no bone marrow involvement, he was treated with chemotherapy, intrathecal therapy, and bilateral testicular radiotherapy. He later relapsed in the orbit, controlled by radiotherapy, followed by a third relapse in the heart and colon. Conclusions: This case highlights the unusual sites and consecutive nature of extramedullary relapses in adult ALL.
Minerals as exogenous modulators in enhancing silk productivity of silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Experiments were conducted by supplementing minerals viz., zinc sulphate, magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride with mulberry leaves to improve the silk yield of B. mori. Per os administration of minerals to silkworm larvae during third, fourth and fifth instars significantly enhanced the larval, cocoon and silk reeling related parameters. Among the different minerals studied, it was found that the treatment with Zinc sulphate @ 100 ppm + Magnesium sulphate @ 200 ppm + Potassium chloride @ 100 ppm recorded significantly higher mature larval weight (4.45 g), ERR (97.16%), cocoon weight (2.30 g), shell weight (0.55 g), pupal weight (1.76 g) and shell ratio (23.19%), filament length (1458 m), filament weight (0.431 g) and silk productivity (6.35 cg/day). The proteins in silk gland (62.70 mg/g) and haemolymph (46.00 mg/g) were also found be higher in the above treatment apart from fibroin (410 mg/shell) and sericin (102.0 mg/shell) contents in cocoons.
Analysis of nutrient resorption efficiency and homeostasis of four tree species in Kanas natural forest, Xinjiang, China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To explore the differences in stoichiometric homeostasis and resorption efficiency of nitrogen (NRE) and phosphorus (PRE) of tree species in Kanas natural forest. We selected four primary tree species: Larix sibirica (LS), Picea obovata (PO), Pinus sibirica (PS), and Betula pendula (BP) and measured concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in fresh leaves, leaf litters, and soil. Our findings showed that compared to deciduous species (LS, BP), evergreen species (PO, PS) had higher fresh leaf C concentrations and C: N ratios. As opposed to evergreen plants, deciduous species have higher levels of fresh leaf N concentration, while the P concentration and C: P did not exhibit such a pattern. Mass-based NRE and PRE averaged 52.55 and 49.16%, respectively, with a significant difference among life forms in NRE but no varied in PRE. NRE increased with N concentration in fresh leaves of BP, PO, and LS, NRE decreased with N concentration in leaf litters of all species; PRE increased with P concentration in fresh leaves of all species, PRE decreased with P concentration in leaf litters of LS, PO, and PS. Only NRE of BP and PS and PRE of PS showed significant relationship with soil N and P concentrations, respectively. Neither NRE nor PRE was insignificantly related to mean annual temperature (MAT) for all species. The N concentration of all species showed strict homeostasis corresponding to their being limited by the N element. Only the P concentration of PS and PO and N: P ratio of PS varied with corresponding traits in soil. Overall, our results provide insight into the N and P nutrient use characteristics of tree species in the Kanas natural forest and can provide a scientific basis for regional ecological restoration.
[Effects of constant temperature on growth and gonad development of overwintering Whitmania pigra].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study was conducted to explore the effect of constant temperature overwintering on the growth, gonadal development and internal quality of the Wh. pigra which were in overwintering period. Wh. pigra which in overwintering period were placed in light incubator at 21 ℃, and the Wh. pigra that overwintered under natural conditions were used as control. That the changes of growth performance, gonad index, internal quality of two groups of Wh. pigra were measured at the end of the overwintering. Simultaneously the tissue slice technique was used to observe the morphological structure of the spermary and ovary of the two groups. The results showed that the body weight of constant temperature overwintering Wh. pigra which were placed in light incubator at 21 ℃ was 2.35 times that of natural overwintering Wh. pigra which overwintered under natural conditions, and the weight of female gonads of the Wh. pigra which were placed in light incubator at 21 ℃ was 11.54% higher than that of Wh. pigra which overwintered under natural conditions, and the weight of male gonads of the Wh. pigra which were placed in light incubator at 21 ℃ was 48.33% higher than that of the Wh. pigra which overwintered under natural conditions. At the same time, that vitellogenesis cells and film forming cells which in ovarian vesicles were significantly higher than those of the Wh. pigra which overwintered under natural conditions, and that spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes which in seminal vesicle were significantly higher than those of Wh. pigra which overwintered under natural conditions. Most important of all, the anti-thrombin activity of Wh. pigra which were placed in light incubator at 21 ℃ increased by 27.85% compared with the Wh. pigra that overwintered under natural conditions. In conclusion, that constant temperature can promote the growth, the development of sperm and egg cells, and the increase of anti-thrombin activity of Wh. pigra which were in overwintering period.
How did Hotels Measure Performance during Covid-19? Insights from Central and Eastern Europe

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background One of the industries that was among the most disrupted by the Covid-19 pandemic was the tourism industry. Hotel owners and managers needed guidelines on how to combat the “new normal” and enable the sustainable economic operation of the hotels they managed. Objectives This paper addresses the problem of identifying performance management (PM) indicators hotel managers turned to during the pandemic and the factors which motivated them to do so. Methods/Approach Managers of hotels in winter destinations in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina were surveyed on the performance measures they implemented in the hotels they managed. Results The results of the research show that in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, hotel managers relied on both organisational and operational measures but found operational indicators more useful. The characteristics of managers, such as business position in the hotel, age, level of education and level of work experience, are related to the choice of indicators and levels of their implementation. Also, the hotel’s characteristics, such as size, revenue, and growth rate, proved to have an impact on the level of PM indicators measured. Conclusions In times of crises, such as pandemics, organisational PM indicators that rely mainly on financial results are not as useful as operational ones. The reliance on operational measures of indicators increased the resilience of hotels.
Information-Based Mobile Application to Tackle COVID-19 Circumstances

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) ensures the ability of healthcare professionals by allowing them to remotely access each patient’s personalized and accurate data. The accuracy, as well as the speed of treatments and diagnosis, is greatly improved as well. IoMT also enables healthcare professionals to monitor the status of their patients’ health in real-time. The behavior of people can be recorded with the intent of getting an online diagnosis, thus managing their one’s health is more effective. Tools like sensors and tracking devices, telemedicine, remote patient monitoring (RPM) and also virtual assistance makes these things happen. Perhaps healthcare professionals are mostly benefited by IoMT in their professions. So, in the case of a pandemic (COVID-19), our proposed application can spread the facilities of IoMT among the general people. The main purpose of this application is to make a system that compresses the number of coronavirus affected people by the extent of awareness. People can track data of confirmed, recovered, and fatal cases globally and locally through this app. People can also get information about the nearest COVID-19 hospitals with google map and get their helpline numbers. All these can be very important for Bangladesh, being a developing country. They can easily make doctor appointments through the system. People can get information about plasma & blood donation and they also can donate their blood and plasma by a requesting process. Users' information about their health can be saved in the cloud system from time to time so that a doctor can easily get all the information. So, our proposed app can help to control the COVID-19 pandemic situation and people will be benefited.
Performance Evaluation of Watermarking Algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Now-a-days watermarking plays a pivotal role in most of the industries for providing security to their own as well as hired or leased data. This paper its main aim is to study Spatial and Fractal watermarking algorithms and also choosing the effective and efficient one for improving the resistance in data compression. In the Spatial domain method, there is no costly transforms needed to be computed for watermark embedding. The luminance values will be manipulated directly. The fractal domain is to determine a set of contractive transformation to approximate each block of the image with a larger block. The composition of all these transformations has the image as its fixed point. Starting with any image hence to apply the composition of the transformations repeatedly and get an approximation of the original image. For the implementation, we have used minimum nine coordinate positions. The watermarking algorithms to be taken for this study are Bruyn algorithm and Langelaar algorithm. In all graph, we have plotted X axis as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and y axis as Correlation with original watermark. The threshold value ά is set to 5. The result is smaller than the threshold value then it is feasible, otherwise it is not.
Lobbying in EU foreign policy-making the case of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book examines lobbying in EU foreign policy-making and the activities of non-state actors (NSAs), focusing on EU foreign policy on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It sheds light on the interactions between the EU and NSAs as well as the ways in which NSAs attempt to shape EU foreign policies. By analysing issues that have not yet received systematic attention in the literature, this book offers new insights into lobbying in EU foreign policy, EU relations surrounding the conflict and the EU’s broader role in the peace process.
Review 1: Handedness and Test Anxiety: An Examination of Mixed-Handed and Consistent-Handed Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Test anxiety refers to maladaptive cognitive and physiological reactions that interfere with optimal performance. Self-regulatory models suggest test anxiety occurs when there is a perceived discrepancy between current functioning and mental representations of desired academic goals. Interestingly, prior investigations have demonstrated those with greater interhemispheric communication are better able to detect discrepancies between current functioning and preexisting mental representations. Thus, the current study was designed to investigate the relationship between test anxiety and handedness—a commonly used proxy variable for interhemispheric communication. Undergraduate and graduate students (N = 277, 85.20% female, 68.19% Caucasian, age = 29.88) (SD = 9.53) completed the FRIEDBEN Test Anxiety Scale and Edinburgh Handedness Inventory – Short Form. A series of Mann–Whitney U tests were used to test for differences in the cognitive, physiological, and social components of test anxiety between mixed- and consistent-handers. The results indicated that mixed-handers had significantly higher levels of cognitive test anxiety than consistent-handers. We believe this information has important implications for our understanding of the role of discrepancy detection and interhemispheric communication in eliciting and maintaining test-anxious responses.
Reliability and Validity of a Korean Version of the Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a Korean version of the Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire (K-TPFQ). Method A total of 79 subjects participated in the study. All participants completed the K-TPFQ, and the Korean versions of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( Buysse, Reynolds, Monk, Berman, & Kupfer, 1989 ; Sohn, Kim, Lee, & Cho, 2012 ), the Beck Depression Inventory ( Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961 ; Jo, Park, Jo, Ryu, & Han, 2007 ), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire ( Cho & Choi, 1989 ; Spielberger & Gorsuch, 1983 ), and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire ( Kuk, Tyler, Russell, & Jordan, 1990 ). Results The K-TPFQ exhibited good or high internal consistency and reliability (Cronbach's alpha range: .91–.95, item-total correlation range: .50–.82). The total score derived from the items of the K-TPFQ and its subcategories was moderately correlated with that of questionnaires that measure similar parameters (Pearson correlation coefficient range: .50–.79). Conclusions Overall, the results of this study indicate that the K-TPFQ is reliable and valid. Therefore, the current translated version of the K-TPFQ is applicable to subjects with Korean as their 1st language and proves to be a useful tinnitus questionnaire.