jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phage-host co-evolution has led to distinct generalized transduction strategies

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Generalized transduction is pivotal in bacterial evolution but lacks comprehensive understanding regarding the facilitating features and variations among phages. We addressed this gap by sequencing and comparing the transducing particle content of three different Salmonella Typhimurium phages (i.e. Det7, ES18 and P22) that share a headful packaging mechanism that is typically initiated from a cognate pac site within the phage chromosome. This revealed substantial disparities in both the extent and content of transducing particles among these phages. While Det7 outperformed ES18 in terms of relative number of transducing particles, both phages contrasted with P22 in terms of content. In fact, we found evidence for the presence of conserved P22 pac-like sequences in the host chromosome that direct tremendously increased packaging and transduction frequencies of downstream regions by P22. More specifically, a ca. 561 kb host region between oppositely oriented pac-like sequences in the purF and minE loci was identified as highly packaged and transduced during both P22 prophage induction and lytic infection. Our findings underscore the evolution of phage transducing capacity towards attenuation, promiscuity or directionality, and suggest that pac-like sequences in the host chromosome could become selected as sites directing high frequency of transduction.
Cancer incidence in a cohort of Danish firefighters: An extended long‐term follow‐up 1968–2021

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives To update and extend the examination of cancer incidence in a cohort of Danish firefighters, now adding 7 years of follow‐up and 2766 additional firefighters. The primary focus was directed toward cancer sites that recently contributed to the hazard evaluation conducted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Methods The updated cohort consisted of 11,827 male Danish firefighters who were followed up for cancer from 1968 to 2021. Cohort cancer morbidity was compared with a working population reference group, and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were used for estimation of relative risks, along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results Among full‐time firefighters, SIR of skin melanoma was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.02–1.66), and SIR = 1.37 (95% CI: 1.02–1.85) for over 5 years of employment. Slightly positive associations were also observed for cancer of the urinary bladder (SIR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.93–1.45), prostate (SIR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.97–1.28), and testis (SIR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.75–1.63). Conclusions This updated study provides evidence indicating an elevated risk of skin melanoma in firefighters. Consistent with IARC's evaluation, we also identified positive associations for urinary bladder, prostate, and testis cancer. In contrast, our findings did not suggest an increased risk of colon cancer, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, and mesothelioma. The latter may be due to small numbers in our still relatively young cohort. Continuous follow‐up for cancer in firefighters is warranted, including assessment of influence from surveillance bias.
Pneumoperitoneum, Pneumomediastinum and Pneumopericardium Following Dental Extraction

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Pneumoperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium and subcutaneous emphysema developed in a patient following simple dental extraction. Other causes of this unusual complication, such as pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, insufflation of fallopian tubes, pulmonary-peritoneal fistula, post-partum knee-chest exercises, laparotomy, paracentesis and peritoneal dialysis should be considered when peritoneal signs are absent so that unnecessary laparotomy can be avoided.
CORR Insights®: Are There Differences in Pain Reduction and Functional Improvement Among Splint Alone, Steroid Alone, and Combination for the Treatment of Adults With Trigger Finger?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1Postdoctoral Fellow, Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics / Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Department of Population Health Science & Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA B. Z. Stern ✉, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Population Health Science & Policy, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1077, New York, NY 10029, USA, Email: [email protected] This CORR Insights® is a commentary on the article "Are There Differences in Pain Reduction and Functional Improvement Among Splint Alone, Steroid Alone, and Combination for the Treatment of Adults With Trigger Finger?" by Atthakomol and colleagues available at: DOI: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000002662. The author certifies that there are no funding or commercial associations (consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article related to the author or any immediate family members. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writer, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR® or The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons®.
PREVALENCE OF GLAUCOMA IN PATIENTS AGED ≥ 40 YEARS ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM:To estimate the prevalence of glaucoma in patients aged ≥ 40 years attending a tertiary care centre. BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Glaucoma is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell death and optic nerve head damage with associated visual field loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 patients aged ≥ 40 years attending ophthalmology outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital from 06.03.2022 to 12.03.2022. All patients underwent a comprehensive eye examination including brief history, anterior and posterior segment evaluation, IOP measurement.Perimetry,gonioscopy,pachymetry was done.OCT RNFL was done for glaucoma diagnosed patients. RESULTS: Glaucoma cases were diagnosed in 6 individuals among the total 170 study participants.In this study,prevalence of glaucoma was found to be 3.52%. CONCLUSION: People aged ≥ 40 years should be educated about the disease and its visual impact. Routine glaucoma screening should be emphasized in aged individuals for early diagnosis, prompt initiation of treatment and prevention of visual morbidity.
Kindergarten Redshirting: Implications for Children with Disabilities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to explore issues and concerns related to academic redshirting in kindergarten and to discuss implications of this practice for children with disabilities. Although parents cite a variety of reasons for redshirting their child, only limited evidence of academic or social benefit can be found. A search was conducted to identify studies relevant to academic redshirting and inclusive of children with disabilities published within the past 20 years, and 17 articles were identified related to the topic. From these articles, three central topics emerged: (a) prevalence, predictors, or parent motivations for kindergarten redshirting, (b) the impact of redshirting on academic achievement and post-secondary outcomes, and (c) the impact of this practice on a child’s behavior. While assumptions can be made based on the research conducted using a general education population, the impact of kindergarten redshirting on the success of children with disabilities is unclear due to the limited amount of research that currently exists. Implications for children with disabilities are discussed.
Clinical, neuropathological, and immunological short‐ and long‐term feature of a mouse model mimicking human herpes virus encephalitis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is one of the most serious diseases of the nervous system in humans. However, its pathogenesis is still only poorly understood. Although several mouse models of predominantly herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1) infections mimic different crucial aspects of HSE, central questions remain unanswered. They comprise the specific temporofrontal tropism, viral spread within the central nervous system (CNS), as well as potential molecular and immunological barriers that drive virus into latency while only rarely resulting in severe HSE. We have recently proposed an alternative mouse model by using a pseudorabies virus (PrV) mutant that more faithfully represents the striking features of human HSE: temporofrontal meningoencephalitis with few severely, but generally only moderately to subclinically affected mice as well as characteristic behavioral abnormalities. Here, we characterized this animal model using 6‐ to 8‐week‐old female CD‐1 mice in more detail. Long‐term investigation over 6 months consistently revealed a biphasic course of infection accompanied by recurring clinical signs including behavioral alterations and mainly mild meningoencephalitis restricted to the temporal and frontal lobes. By histopathological and immunological analyses, we followed the kinetics and spatial distribution of inflammatory lesions as well as the underlying cytokine expression in the CNS over 21 days within the acute phase of infection. Affecting the temporal lobes, the inflammatory infiltrate was composed of lymphocytes and macrophages showing a predominantly lymphocytic shift 15 days after infection. A strong increase was observed in cytokines CXCL10, CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL1 recruiting inflammatory cells to the CNS. Unlike the majority of infected mice, strongly affected animals demonstrated extensive temporal lobe edema, which is typically present in severe human HSE cases. In summary, these results support the validity of our animal model for in‐depth investigation of HSE pathogenesis.
Active-Matrix Backplane with Inkjet Printed Organic Thin-Film Transistors (OTFTs) for QR-LPD

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Active matrix organic-TFT(OTFT) array for Quick-Response Liquid Powder Display (QR-LPD) was fabricated by use of inkjet printing technology.To define the shape and size of patterns formed by inkjet printing, we adopted a novel surface modification technique called photocatalytic lithography. Photocatalyst such as TiO2 oxidizes various organic materials in an excited state. Therefore photomask with a photocatalytic layer, irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light, can oxidize selectively the surface of the organic material layer facing the phtocatalytic and then form hydrophobic and hydrophilic patterns. Ink-droplets ejected from ink jet print head spread only on the hydrophilic area and set like the mask pattern.We have developed to apply this technique to fabricating flat panel display components such as color filter, biomedical tools, and so on. The combination of inkjet printing and photocatalytic lithography enables fine patterns to be formed in a few steps and at low cost.In this study, we obtained well-defined source and drain electrode in which the channel length is below 10 micron by use of inkjet and photocatalytic lithography. As a result, high contrast image consist of 10 inch, 80 dpi QR-LPD active matrix array was refreshed successfully.
HOW IS TRANSVERSITY RELATED TO HELICITY FOR QUARKS AND ANTIQUARKS INSIDE THE PROTON?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider the quark and antiquark transversity distributions inside a polarized proton and study how they are expected to be related to the corresponding helicity distributions, both in sign and magnitude. Our considerations lead to simple predictions in good agreement with their first determination for light quarks from experimental data. We also give our predictions for the light antiquarks transversity distributions, so far unknown.
Assessing the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and OpenStreetMap contributor behaviours

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

'Volunteered Geographic Information' (VGI) has particular importance - in part - for its democratisation of geographic information. However, some recent research has suggested that despite being publicly open, several successful VGI platforms have under-representation of particular socio-demographic groups, which may lead to biases in the types of information contributed. This paper examines the relationship between demographic characteristics and user contributions to OpenStreetMap (OSM), one of the most successful examples of a project reliant on VGI. It demonstrates statistically significant differences in the information provided by users of different genders, ages, and education-levels. Differences between the demographic characteristics of OSM contributors and the underlying population are therefore likely to be reflected in the VGI contained in OSM.
Count Freducci's Nautical Charts, Papal Cartography, and Trasmission: A Reply to Article by Chrt Van Duzer (2017)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The comment on my paper concerning Conte di 'Ottomano' Freducci by Professor Chet Van Duzer is welcome for a number of reasons. Chet Van Duzer, in his BLJ article, 'Nautical Charts, Texts, and Transmission: The Case of Conte di OttomanoFreducci and Fra Mauro' (pp. 1-4), points out the inherent biases one encounters in interpreting descriptive legends on non-traditional nautical charts, and he reiterates a point I made: namely, that the recondite nature of some of the new information that nautical charts by Count Freducci include are of particular interest to shed light on the process of commissioning and creating nautical charts in Medieval and Renaissance Italy
How can the Asia Manufacturing Centre of a global leader in computer peripherals re-align itself to stay ahead in this hypercompetitive business and influence headquarters resource allocation?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

International Quantum (IQ) Company is a global manufacturer of computing, communications and measurement products and services recognised for excellence in quality and support. IQ employs more than 80 thousand people world wide, with a revenue of US32.5 billion in 1996.
Tree-Level Harvest Optimization for Structure-Based Forest Management Based on the Species Mingling Index

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This novel research investigated the use of a heuristic process to inform tree-level harvest decisions guided by the need to maximize the interspersion of tree species across a forest. In the heuristic process, a species mingling value for each tree was computed using both (1) neighbors that were simply of a different species than the reference tree and (2) neighbors that were uniquely different species from both the reference tree and other neighbors of the reference tree. The tree-level species mingling value was averaged for the stand, which was then subject to a maximization process. Constraints included residual tree density levels and minimum tree volume harvest levels. In two case studies, results suggest that the species mingling index at the stand level can be significantly increased over randomly allocated harvest decisions using the heuristic process described. In the case studies, we illustrate how this type of process can inform management decisions by suggesting the distance between residual trees of similar species given the initial stand structure and the objectives and constraints. The work represents a unique tree-level optimization approach that one day may be of value as new technologies are developed to map the location of individual trees in a timely and efficient manner.
Use of Modular and Wearable Technical Means of Disinfection During Liquidation of Emergency Situations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In the process of liquidation of emergency situations of biological nature (ESBN) by the NBC Protection Corps of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the modern modular and wearable technical means of disinfection based on an aerosol method of treatment of objects were widely used. The purpose of the work is to summarize experience of the use of modular and wearable technical means of disinfection during the liquidation of biological emergency. The most intensive use of mobile technical means of disinfection was carried out for more than two years in Chkalovsky airfield by the combined NBC protection group, which carried out work on the disinfection of aircraft of the Military Space Forces and the cargo transported by them against the pathogen of coronavirus infection. The main volume of work on disinfection of cargo compartments and cockpits of pilots of aircraft as well as cargo was performed in the aerosol method with the use of the following technical means: CDA (Aerosol Disinfection Complex) complex, the bagpack motorized and manual sprayers. The aerosol treatment method and the formulation based on ethyl alcohol provided high productivity of works, low manual labor costs, and reliable disinfection of objects with low consumption of preparation. Thus, the processing time of the cargo compartment of AN-124 aircraft with the help of autonomous modules of the CDA or backpack sprayers STIHL SR 450 did not exceed 20 minutes, and the consumption of the recipe was not more than 100 cm 3 ×m -2 . The use of modern modular and wearable disinfection means in the NBC protection units will ensure the increase of efficiency of disinfection measures in the interests of troops and population of the Russian Federation.
Properties of ATP and UTP Analogues with P‐S‐C5′ Bonds

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Analogues of ATP and UTP bearing C 5′ ‐S‐P ester bonds were found not to be substrates but weak competitive inhibitors of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. The K i values of the analogues obtained in the transcription of poly[d(A‐T)] or poly(dT) under various conditions are in the order of millimolar. Evidence was derived from proton magnetic resonance spectra that nucleotides with C 5′ ‐S‐P bonds do not exist in gauche‐gauche conformation normally adopted by natural occurring nucleotides. This leads us to assume that the gauche‐gauche conformation is an essential prerequisite for substrates of RNA polymerase. Ado‐5′‐S‐PPP substituted for ATP as substrate of hexokinase from yeast rather effectively thus indicating that a distinct stereochemical orientation of the α‐phosphate ester bond is not a stringent requirement for substrates of this enzyme.
p130Cas, a Substrate Associated with v-Src and v-Crk, Localizes to Focal Adhesions and Binds to Focal Adhesion Kinase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

p130Cas (rk ssociated ubstrate) has the structural characteristics of an adapter protein, containing multiple consensus SH2 binding sites, an SH3 domain, and a proline-rich domain. The structure of p130Cas suggests that it may act to provide a framework for protein-protein interactions; however, as yet, its functional role in cells is unknown. In this report we show that p130Cas is localized to focal adhesions. We demonstrate that p130Cas associates both in vitro and in vivo with pp125FAK (ocal dhesion inase), a kinase implicated in signaling by the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors. p130Cas also associates with pp41/43FRNK (pp125FAK-related, non-kinase), an autonomously expressed form of pp125FAK composed of only the C-terminal noncatalytic domain. We show that the association of p130Cas with pp125Fak and pp41/43FRNK is direct, and is mediated by the binding of the SH3 domain of p130Cas to a proline-rich sequence present in both the C terminus of pp125FAK and in pp41/43FRNK. In agreement with recent studies we show that p130Cas is tyrosine-phosphorylated upon integrin mediated cell adhesion. The association of p130Cas with pp125FAK, a kinase which is activated upon cell adhesion, is likely to be functionally important in integrin mediated signal transduction. p130Cas (rk ssociated ubstrate) has the structural characteristics of an adapter protein, containing multiple consensus SH2 binding sites, an SH3 domain, and a proline-rich domain. The structure of p130Cas suggests that it may act to provide a framework for protein-protein interactions; however, as yet, its functional role in cells is unknown. In this report we show that p130Cas is localized to focal adhesions. We demonstrate that p130Cas associates both in vitro and in vivo with pp125FAK (ocal dhesion inase), a kinase implicated in signaling by the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors. p130Cas also associates with pp41/43FRNK (pp125FAK-related, non-kinase), an autonomously expressed form of pp125FAK composed of only the C-terminal noncatalytic domain. We show that the association of p130Cas with pp125Fak and pp41/43FRNK is direct, and is mediated by the binding of the SH3 domain of p130Cas to a proline-rich sequence present in both the C terminus of pp125FAK and in pp41/43FRNK. In agreement with recent studies we show that p130Cas is tyrosine-phosphorylated upon integrin mediated cell adhesion. The association of p130Cas with pp125FAK, a kinase which is activated upon cell adhesion, is likely to be functionally important in integrin mediated signal transduction.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Inhibition of autophagy p of Gli inhibitor GANT-61 in

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

NB is one of the most common solid malignant tumors in children. It arises from neural crest element of the sympa-fication [2]. Although children with high-risk tumor are ag-gressively treated with multi-modal therapy, this group still Wang et al. BMC Cancer 2014, 14:768 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/14/768(Ptch) and smoothened (Smo)], and downstream effectorsJiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the articlethetic nervous system and usually occurs in the adrenal medulla [1]. Nearly half neuroblastoma is classified as high-risk group due to aggressive tumor and poor prognosis. has poor survival rate (40%-50%) [3]. Therefore, it is critical to understand the underlying therapy-resistant mechanism of high-risk tumor. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of numerous embryonic development pro-cesses, including neural crest proliferation, differentiation and patterning [4]. Its signaling cascade is mainly comprised of Hh ligands [Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), Indian Hedgehog
Liquidity Ratio Analysis in Measuring Company Financial Health at PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The liquidity ratio will be used to assess PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk's ability to meet its obligations to pay short-term debt. The current ratio, quick ratio, cash ratio, and inventory to net working capital ratios will be used to analyze PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk's ability to pay short-term debt. The approach used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis method from a financial standpoint, reporting data from PT. Indofood CBP Success Makmur. Tbk. from 2015 to 2019. The data showed that PT. Indofood CBP Success Makmur. Tbk. had a very good liquidity ratio from 2015 to 2019. With a current ratio of 233 percent, a quick ratio of 183 percent, a cash ratio of 116 percent, and an inventory to net working capital ratio of 43 percent, the company is in good shape.