jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF LIVELIHOOD OUTCOMES OF COFFEE PRODUCERS IN LALO ASSABI DISTRICT, ETHIOPIA: EDUCATION AND INCOME IN FOCUS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aims at identifying major determinants of livelihood outcomes with particular emphasis on the schooling of children proxy to wellbeing, and annual total income of coffee producers in Lalo Assabi district, Ethiopia. Random sample of 141 coffee producers were selected by systematic sampling for interview based on the required sample size. Both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were employed for data analysis. The result of the study explored that the literacy rate in the study area is 78.40 expressed as a percentage. Around 70% of the annual total income of the sampled households is generated from coffee marketing and/or production. The result of multiple linear regressions revealed that sex, age and year of education of household head as well as square root of annual total income and distance to preparatory school had significant relationship with schooling of children. Similarly, age of household head, tropical livestock holding, access to improved coffee seed, access to credit and total land owned by household had significant relationship with log of annual total income of coffee producers. Thus, these variables need special attention if the wellbeing and annual total income of coffee producers are to be increased.
Performance evaluation of redundant disk array support for transaction recovery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Redundant disk arrays provide a way of achieving rapid recovery from media failures with a relatively low storage cost for large scale data systems requiring high availability. Here, we propose a method for using redundant disk arrays to support rapid recovery from system crashes and transaction aborts in addition to their role in providing media failure recovery. A twin page scheme is used to store the parity information in the array so that the time for transaction commit processing is not degraded. Using an analytical model, we show that the proposed method achieves a significant increase in the throughput of database systems using redundant disk arrays by reducing the number of recovery operations needed to maintain the consistency of the database.
Limited Macular Translocation for Neovascular Maculopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Subfoveal choroidal neovascularization presents one of the most difficult challenges to vision. No treatment option has yet solved the problem of subretinal hemorrhage and fibrovascular scarring causing permanent photoreceptor degeneration and loss. Limited macular translocation provides a surgical approach to this challenge by moving the fovea onto an adjacent area of relatively normal subretinal space and pigment epithelium in a selected group of patients. The choroidal neovascularization, thus, becomes extrafoveal or juxtafoveal and can be treated with focal laser photocoagulation. This article describes the current technique of limited macular translocation and reviews early results. The procedure offers selected patients a chance to retain useful central vision. About 40% of patients at 6 months are able to read and drive (visual acuity >20/100). Complications including retinal detachment, hemorrhage, and macular folds have decreased with experience. Limited macular translocation is a promising approach to neovascular maculopathy, but needs ongoing careful evaluation.
Barriers to Mental Health Treatment in the Saudi National Mental Health Survey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objectives: To examine barriers to initiation and continuation of treatment among individuals with common mental disorders in the Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS). Methods: The SNMHS is a community-based epidemiological survey in a nationally representative household sample of respondents aged 15–65 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 3.0 was used. Predictors of barriers to treatment were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among participants with a 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI disorder (n = 711), 86.1% reported no service use. Of those (n = 597), 50.7% did not think they needed any help (categorized as “low perceived need”) and 49.3% did perceive need. Of those who perceived need (n = 309), the majority (98.9%) reported attitudinal barriers to initiation. In contrast, 10.3% of those with a perceived need reported structural barriers. Respondents who were previously married or indicated below-average income were more likely to believe they needed help. Conclusions: Among people with a diagnosed mental disorder, low perceived need and attitudinal barriers are the primary barriers to mental health treatment in the KSA. The results suggest that addressing poor mental health literacy may be essential factor in reducing the unmet need for mental health treatment in the KSA.
Validating an approach to overcome the immeasurable time bias in cohort studies: a real-world example and Monte Carlo simulation study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Immeasurable time bias arises from the lack of in-hospital medication information. It has been suggested that time-varying adjustment for hospitalization may minimize this potential bias. However, whereas we examined this issue in one case study, there remains a need to assess the validity of this approach in other settings. Methods Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we generated synthetic immeasurable time-varying hospitalization-related factors of duration, frequency and timing. Nine scenarios were created by combining three frequency scenarios and three duration scenarios, where the empirical cohort distribution of hospitalization was used to simulate the ‘timing’. We used Korea’s healthcare database and a case example of β-blocker use and mortality among patients with heart failure. We estimated the gold-standard hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI using inpatient and outpatient drug data, and that of the pseudo-outpatient setting using outpatient data only. We assessed the validity of adjusting for time-varying hospitalization in nine different scenarios, using relative bias, confidence limit ratio (CLR) and mean squared error (MSE) compared with the empirical gold-standard estimate across bootstrap resamples. Results With the real-world gold standard (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.67–0.80) as the reference estimate, adjusting for time-varying hospitalization (0.71; 0.63–0.80) effectively reduced the immeasurable time bias and had the following performance metrics across the nine scenarios: relative bias (range: –7.08% to 0.61%), CLR (1.28 to 1.36) and MSE (0.0005 to 0.0031). Conclusions The approach of adjusting for time-varying hospitalization consistently reduced the immeasurable time bias in Monte Carlo simulated data.
The Explicit Simplified Interface Method for compressible multicomponent flows

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper concerns the numerical approximation of the Euler equations for multicomponent flows. A numerical method is proposed to reduce spurious oscillations that classically occur around material interfaces. It is based on the "Explicit Simplified Interface Method" (ESIM), previously developed in the linear case of acoustics with stationary interfaces (2001, J. Comput. Phys. 168, pp.~227-248). This technique amounts to a higher order extension of the "Ghost Fluid Method" introduced in Euler multicomponent flows (1999, J. Comput. Phys. 152, pp. 457-492). The ESIM is coupled to sophisticated shock-capturing schemes for time-marching, and to level-sets for tracking material interfaces. Jump conditions satisfied by the exact solution and by its spatial derivative are incorporated in numerical schemes, ensuring a subcell resolution of material interfaces inside the meshing. Numerical experiments show the efficiency of the method for rich-structured flows.
Drug-Induced Injury of the Gastrointestinal System and Methods for Its Correction (A Review)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Common complications of pharmacotherapy involve damage to the gastrointestinal tract, development of resistance to traditional therapy, destruction of the intramural nervous system of the intestines, changes in the opportunistic microﬂora, dysfunctions of the intestinal immune system. According to WHO experts, diseases of the digestive system are expected to become one of the leading causes of disability. This paper reviews current publications on drug-induced injuries of the gastrointestinal tract, including those induced by drugs aimed at preventing such conditions. Side effects of NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, minerals, neuroleptics, antibiotics, cytostatics, saluretics, anticoagulants, contraceptives, as well as enemas, suppositories and other drugs are described. Published review papers paid signiﬁcant attention to drug-induced injuries of the stomach; however, there is a lack of data on drug-induced lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. This paper aims to brigde this gap. New approaches to correction and organ protection are described. The epigenetic issues related to the pluripotency of stem cells are considered. In the Russian Federation, a regulatory framework was created to regulate all the fundamental processes associated with the production and use of biomedical cell products and biotechnologies.
Observations on the origin and significance of the nuclear envelopelimited monolayers of chromatin unit threads associated with the cell nucleus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Monolayers of chromatin structural units about 33·0 nm in width enclosed on both sides by extensions of the nuclear envelope, called sheets, and located either in the cytoplasm (c· ·n· ·c type), or within the nucleus (c·· n ··n type), are common in cultured cells of Burkitt’s lymphoma. The sheets are absent from mitotic cells except at telophase where, unlike interphase, type c· ·n··n is more numerous than c· ·n··c. The degree of nuclear asymmetry is defined in terms of the increase in enclosing membranes over that required to enclose the same area in a circular configuration. The percentage number (Ps) of cells with nucleus-associated sheets averaged over all stages in the cell cycle, increases with cell viability and with nuclear asymmetry. However, during the cycle there is a marked diminution in Ps during the S-phase of DNA synthesis when nuclear asymmetry itself does not change. Hence, it is suggested, and data on other cell types support the hypothesis, that nuclear asymmetry is a necessary but not sufficient factor in causing sheets to form. Microtubules are present within the cytoplasm and their morphological arrangement suggests a role in determining nuclear asymmetry. Treatment with a microtubule depolymerizing agent, colcemid, does not alter either the existing nuclear asymmetry or Ps but when cells are treated early in S-phase the reappearance of sheets in the G2 phase of the cell cycle is considerably delayed. The reappearance takes place when the microtubules are still depolymerized. It is suggested that synthesis of membrane in excess of what is needed to enclose a sphere results in nuclear asymmetry and associated membrane-enclosed monolayers, the resulting nuclear conformation, including the distribution of membrane between types c··n· ·n and c··n··c, depending on what is energetically favoured. No biochemical function has yet been assigned to sheets.
Evaluation Des Conditions De Traitement Et De Stockage Des Plantes Médicinales Sur Les Marchés Du District d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The present study was carried out to inventory medicinal plants storage conditions on the markets of Abidjan district. A survey was conducted from August to October 2015 in three settings of the district of Abidjan (Abobo, Adjame and Yopougon). A total of 350 sellers of medicinal plants were interrogated using semi-structured interviews. The respondents were predominantly female (98.9%), aged between 30 and 60 years. The supply of medicinal plants in the markets was done by the wholesalers (86%) who themselves harvested plants in different forests or savanah of Côte d’Ivoire. The majority of sellers (73%) did not apply any measure of hygiene in storage. These people in 99.4% of case were not trained on good storage practices. Sale places were accessible to rodents and exposed to dust caused by traffic jamp. The presence of mud (9.1%) and garbage (23.1%) was noted in the immediate surrounding of the displays. These practices of processing and storage of medicinal plants were similar in all the visited settings. These storage conditions may constitute a hazardous risk for the consumer and justify the degradation of medicinal plants on the markets.
Symplectic methods in the numerical search of orbits in real-life planetary systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The intention of this article is to illustrate the use of methods from symplectic geometry for practical purposes. Our intended audience is scientists interested in orbits of Hamiltonian systems (e.g. the three-body problem). The main directions pursued in this article are: (1) given two periodic orbits, decide when they can be connected by a regular family; (2) use numerical invariants from Floer theory which help predict the existence of orbits in the presence of a bifurcation; (3) attach a sign +/- to each elliptic or hyperbolic Floquet multiplier of a closed symmetric orbit, generalizing the classical Krein--Moser sign to also include the hyperbolic case; and (4) do all of the above in a visual, easily implementable and resource-efficient way. The mathematical framework is provided by the first and third authors, where the ``Broucke stability diagram'' was rediscovered, but further refined with the above signs, and algebraically reformulated in terms of GIT quotients of the symplectic group. The advantage of the above framework is that it applies to the study of closed orbits of an arbitrary Hamiltonian system. Moreover, in the case where the system admits symmetries in the form of ``reflections'', i.e. anti-symplectic involutions, which is the case for many systems of interest, the information provided for orbits which are symmetric is richer, and one may distinguish more symmetric orbits. This is the case for several well-known families in the space mission design industry, such as the Halo orbits, which are ubiquitous in real-life space missions. We will carry out numerical work based on the cell-mapping method, for the Jupiter-Europa and the Saturn-Enceladus systems. These are currently systems of interest, falling in the agenda of space agencies like NASA, as these icy moons are considered candidates for harbouring conditions suitable for extraterrestrial life.
"Breakthrough" as Critique of Form: The Finale of Mahler's First Symphony

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| October 01 1996 "Breakthrough" as Critique of Form: The Finale of Mahler's First Symphony James Buhler James Buhler Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar 19th-Century Music (1996) 20 (2): 125–143. https://doi.org/10.2307/746904 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation James Buhler; "Breakthrough" as Critique of Form: The Finale of Mahler's First Symphony. 19th-Century Music 1 October 1996; 20 (2): 125–143. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/746904 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Content19th-Century Music Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1996 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Wood, Hugh (1932--)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Hugh Wood is one of the leading British composers of his generation. In his contributions to all of the major musical genres (with the sole exception of opera), he has focused on the renewal rather than the rejection of tradition. He has taught at Morley College and the Royal Academy of Music, and at Glasgow and Liverpool Universities, and he joined the Music faculty of Cambridge University in 1976. A year later, he was appointed lecturer in Music and Fellow of Churchill College; he retired in 1999. Hugh Wood was born in 1932 into a music-loving family and, though he ultimately studied Modern History at Oxford, music remained central to his extra-curricular activities both at school and at university. Formal music study commenced in 1954 with lessons from William Lloyd Webber; later, Wood studied with Iain Hamilton, Anthony Milner, and Mátyás Seiber. The Bryanston (later Dartington) Summer School provided numerous opportunities to engage with early- and mid-twentieth century music: above all, the experience of hearing the music of the Second Viennese School proved pivotal. Wood first responded to this encounter in chamber works written in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and labelled his Variations for viola and piano (1957–58) his Op. 1 in recognition that he had discovered his own voice. The presence in this work of a quotation from Beethoven is significant, revealing the extent to which his engagement with twentieth-century modernism was informed by broader musical traditions.
Occupational therapy lifestyle intervention added to multidisciplinary treatment for adults living with chronic pain: a feasibility study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of an occupational therapy lifestyle intervention for adults living with chronic pain. Design This one-group pre-post interventional study investigated the feasibility and outcomes of the Redesign Your Everyday Activities and Lifestyle with Occupational Therapy (REVEAL(OT)) intervention targeting meaningful activities and lifestyle. Settings The occupational therapist-led intervention was added to standard multidisciplinary chronic pain treatment at a Danish pain centre. Participants Of the 40 adult participants aged 18–64 (mean 46.6±10.9 years old, 85% females, chronic pain duration ≥3 months), there were 31 completers. Intervention Three feasibility rounds were carried out in 2019–2021. The intervention focused on meaningful activities, healthy eating habits and daily physical activity. Methods of didactical presentations, group discussions, personal reflection and experiential learning were used in the intervention composed both of individual and group sessions. Outcomes Primary outcomes were predefined research progression criteria evaluated by the red-amber-green method. Secondary outcomes measured pre-post changes in health-related quality of life and occupational performance and satisfaction. Results The study demonstrated satisfactory programme adherence (77.5%), patients’ self-perceived relevance (97%), timing and mode of delivery (97%) and assessment procedure acceptance (95%). No adverse events causing discontinuation occurred. Recruitment rate (n=5.7 monthly), retention (77.5%) and the fidelity of delivery (83.3%) needed improvement. We observed no improvement in health-related quality of life (mean=0.04, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.12) but positive change in occupational performance (mean=1.80, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.35) and satisfaction (mean=1.95, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.84). The participants reached the minimal clinically important difference for occupational performance (≥3.0 points in 13.8%) and satisfaction (≥3.2 points in 24.0%). Conclusions The REVEAL(OT) intervention was feasible to deliver and beneficial for the participants’ occupational performance and satisfaction. The interventions’ recruitment, retention and delivery strategies need optimisation in a future definitive trial. Trial registration number NCT03903900
Use of non-proliferation fuel cycles in the HTGR

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

All high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) built or designed to date utilize a uranium-thorium fuel cycle (HEU/Th) in which fully-enriched uranium (93% U-235) is the initial fuel and thorium is the fertile material. The U-233 produced from the thorium is recycled in subsequent loadings to reduce U-235 makeup requirements. However, the recent interest in proliferation-proof fuel cycles for fission reactors has prompted a review and evaluation of possible alternate cycles in the HTGR. This report discusses these alternate fuel cycles, defines those considered usable in an HTGR core, summarizes their advantages and disadvantages, and briefly describes the effect on core design of the most important cycles. Examples from design studies are also given. These studies show that the flexibility afforded by the HTGR coated-particle fuel design allows a variety of alternative cycles, each having special advantages and attractions under different circumstances. Moreover, these alternate cycles can all use the same fuel block, core layout, control scheme, and basic fuel zoning concept.
Exploring Consumers Adoption of Mobile Wallet in Kolkata

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Technological advancement in digitalisation has changed the way business is done nowadays. The mobile payments market in India is growing at a rapid pace, as a result of growing smart phones and internet penetration. The present study aims to identify the factors that influence consumers in adopting Mobile Wallet and various risk and challenges faced by the users of Mobile Wallet. A structured questionnaire was prepared and data was collected from 120 respondents and the obtained data were analysed using ANOVA to get the statistical result. It is found availability, safety and accessibility plays an important role in adoption of mobile wallet.
Masson Trichrome Stain: Postfixation Substitutes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AbstractAbstractFormaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues must be post fixed before staining with the Masson's trichrome method. Although Bouin's solution is specified as the chemical of choice, we report on the results of using different post fixatives in the procedure. The use of Gram's iodine or citrate buffer as a postfixative in the Masson's trichrome procedure produces slides that exhibit superior staining qualities than when Bouin's solution or a Bouin's substitute is used. (The J Histotechnol 26:131, 2003)Submitted February 7, 2003; Accepted April 9, 2003Keywords: Gram's iodinecitrate bufferBouin's
Intelligent Marketing in Smart Cities: Crowdsourced Data for Geo-Conquesting

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The authors' approach to intelligent marketing in smart cities uses large-scale crowdsourcing based on mobile user behavior for market planning. Unlike most work, which focuses on the client side, the proposed method is intended for market planning from a marketer perspective. The proposed system tracks and examines user trails via mobile devices. To support distributed analysis for big data, computer clusters project user trajectories onto blocks in a layout map of an actual geo-location. The trajectory falling into a block is independently handled by a distributed computer that detects crowd flows. Because traffic flows are highly relevant to geo-conquesting marketing, two methods are proposed: local longest common subsequence-based (LLCS-based) clustering, and the computation of transition flows and heat maps. Both help marketers analyze crowd flows for geo-conquesting. Simulation of the proposed methods revealed that the system facilitated computation of large-scale crowdsourced data.