jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exact, approximate, and recursive blocking in all-optical networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present one exact and two approximate methods for calculating blocking probabilities in an all-optical network with arbitrary placement of wavelength converters. The exact method is most useful for short paths (no more than 4 links), while the first approximate method is useful for slightly longer hop paths (no more than 6 links). The second approximate method is based on a recursion and can be applied to arbitrary length paths. A simple wavelength converter placement policy is described and implemented using the blocking models in an example using the CA*Net II topology.
A comparison between Li−and Be. total energies, 2sdetachment energies and geometrical properties

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Coupled-Cluster Method is applied to calculate in two ways the detachment energies of Li− and Be. In the first method we calculate the total energy of the atom and the corresponding ion and take the difference. In the second method the detachment energy is calculated directly. The first method gives good agreement with experiment but it is found that, if diagrams are included in a balanced manner, the second method seems more attractive. We have also studied the geometrical properties of the two outer electrons. Comparison of the two systems shows that the angular correlation is almost the same in both systems and is quite important while the radial correlation is much larger in Li− than in Be. Both systems have a little tendency to have the electrons on opposite side of the atom (the average angle between the electrons is approximately 110°).
Using multi-agent systems to solve food distribution problem in disaster area

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To meet the requirements for a scalable, agile and efficient data center, we present DNet, a dual-network structure composed of a primary network and a secondary network. DNet is based on layer 2 fabric, which is considered more agile than layer 3 fabric in data center design. We compress ARP request and move it from the primary network to a secondary one, and we propose a DNet source routing protocol (DSR) for the primary network. We evaluate that, with these characteristics, DNet is enabled to scale to support huge data centers with up to 131K hosts. Besides, DSR simplifies switch design, and decreases the cost and delay.
Isolation, Characterization and Molecular Identification of Rhizobium spp. and Trichoderma spp. from Nodule and Rhizospheric Soil of Arachis hypogaea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In practically all types of temperate and tropical soils, the fungus of the genus Trichoderma can be found.Additionally, they are found on decaying wood, bark, and other organic plant components.In this investigation, four distinct Trichoderma species were isolated from peanut rhizosphere soils (Arachis hypogaea).Isolates were taxonomically identified up to the species level using macro and micromorphological features.To identify the species of Trichoderma, morphological investigations such as pigmentation, colony growth, and anatomical studies such as conidiation appearances, size of conidia, conidiophores branching pattern, forms of phialides, and the absence or presence of chlamydospores were carried out.Based on macro, micro-morphological and 18s RNA sequencing analysis, Trichoderma isolates were classified into four species T. viride (GFT1), T. harzianum (GFT2), T. longibrachiatum (GFT3), and T. reesei (GFT4).Trichoderma harzianum species were prevalent in soil, with Trichoderma viren ranking second.A symbiont, the Rhizobium bacteria develops root nodules in association with the roots of leguminous plants.From the root nodules of Arachis hypogaea L., two bacterial strains were discovered.Three distinct confirmatory tests were carried out on the isolates as part of an investigation into their morphological and microscopic features.The biochemical features of the isolates were also examined.16sRNA sequencing was used to provide taxonomy identification.Rhizobium leguminosarum PR7 and Rhizobium pusense PR4 were the two strains we obtained based on all the data.In the future, all isolated strains will be used for additional research on Trichoderma strains, including biocontrol and bioagumentor, and Rhizobium strains will be used to determine the effects of Trichoderma on Rhizobium under soil.
Inactivation Kinetics of Lactobacillus plantarum by High Pressure Carbon Dioxide

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Inactivation kinetics of Lactobacillus plantarum by high pressure CO 2 was investigated to understand the mechanism of microbial inactivation. The inactivation rates increased with pressure, temperature and exposure time, and with decreasing pH of media. Microbial inactivation was governed essentially by penetration of CO 2 into cells and its effectiveness could be improved by the enhanced transfer rate. Microbial reduction of 8 log cycles was observed within 120 min under CO 2 pressure of 70 kg/cm 2 at 30°C. We hypothesized that the cell death resulted from the lowered intracellular pH and damage to the cell membrane due to penetration of CO 2 . Pressurized CO 2 treatment is a potential nonthermal technology for food preservation.
A Critical Review on Breast Cancer Literature: Screening, Awareness and Preventive Measures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast cancer has become the most common cancer diagnosed in women. This paper reviews key literature on breast cancer covering various aspects including breast cancer and self-examination, awareness level of breast cancer among women, psychological stress of breast cancer patients, causes of breast cancer and preventive measures for breast cancer. This paper sheds light to urban and young women that self-screening is one of the important yardsticks to prevent late diagnosis of breast cancer and after-math of breast cancer treatment. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s3p256
SOME FACTORS AFFECTING FERTILIZNIG CAPACITY OF FROZEN GOAT SEMEN

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The present study aimed to study some factors affecting the successful artificial insemination (AI) including optimal level of egg yolk and dilution rate of extender, semen collection month and AI procedures of crossbred buck semen.Semen was collected from10 fertile goat bucks (1/2 Damascus x 1/2 Baladi) throughout all months of the year.ُEjaculates with mass motility ≥80% were pooled, diluted with Tris-citric acid-glucose-glycerol extender containing different levels of egg yolk (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0 and 20%) or diluted with different rates (1:4, 1:5, 1:8, 1:10 and 1:16) with the best level of egg yolk (2.5%), then semen was frozen with the best level of egg yolk (2.5%) and dilution rate (1:5) during all months of the year for all treatments.Sperm motility was evaluated and recovery rate was calculated for each treatment.Fertility trail was conducted using sixty four synchronized does by Estrumate.Does were inseminated (intra-vaginal vs. intra-uterine) with inseminated dose (100 vs. 200 x 10 6 ) after 48 or 52 h of Estrumate-injection. Results revealed that sperm motility percentage was the highest (P<0.05) in post-thawed semen diluted with Tris-extender containing 2.5% egg yolk (54.8%) and at a dilution rate of 1:5 (54.5%).Post-thaw sperm motility percentage was the highest during autumn months, in particular, in November and the lowest during summer months (June-Aug.).Fertility rate (FR) was the highest (P<0.05) of does intra-uterine inseminated with high dose of insemination after 48 h of Estrumate-injection (62.5%), while the lowest FR was recorded for the control does (43.75%).Does inseminated intra-uterine with low dose after 48 h of Estrumate-injection and those inseminated intra-uterine with high dose after 52 h of Estrumate-injection had moderate rates of fertility, being 50.0 and 56.25%, respectively.In conclusion, dilution of buck semen with Tris-based extender containing 2.5% egg yolk at a rate of 1:5 and frozen in pellets form will be more efficient in maintaining post-thaw sperm motility.The best season of collection and freezing goat semen is autumn.Intra-uterine insemination with high dose of motile spermatozoa (200 x 10 6 ) could yield acceptable fertility rates of goat does.
Imaging the Hydrothermal Plumbing Architecture of Steamboat Geyser Using a Dense Nodal Array and Seismic Interferometry

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;The plumbing architecture of a hydrothermal feature (e.g., geyser and spring) exerts direct control over its eruption and recharge dynamics. During an active geyser&amp;#8217;s recharge, in response to the evolution of temperature and hydrostatic pressure within the plumbing, this two-phase-flow system experiences intensive steam bubble nucleation and collapse throughout the eruption cycle. Such steam-liquid phase transitions generate seismic signals observed as hydrothermal tremor, thus the spatiotemporal pattern of its origin can depict the plumbing architecture and illuminate how the geyser operates internally. Steamboat, the tallest active geyser on Earth, is thought to have a complex architecture and dynamics owing to the hydrologic interaction with the nearby Cistern Spring, ~100 m SW of Steamboat. To study the system, in 2019 we deployed a dense array across the Steamboat-Cistern area with an aperture of ~250 m. The array was composed of 50 three-component geophones and had a spacing of 15&amp;#8211;35 m. During the deployment, 6 eruption cycles with intervals ranging from 3 to 8 days were recorded. We observe distinct 1&amp;#8211;5 Hz tremor emitted from Steamboat and Cistern, which are persistent and show no isolated events and discernable arrivals. To simultaneously locate the tremor from both features, we perform multicomponent cross-correlation to isolate and enhance the coherent signals of interest with each station as the virtual source. We apply the same normalization to the 3-component data so that the particle motion excited by each virtual source is retained. We observe prevalent seismic P waves at receivers near the source, with complex wavefield transition and interference at distant receivers. Using the P wave linearity, we back project the polarized directions to constrain the 3D source location. The results provide the first 4D view of the tremor throughout the eruption cycles with hourly resolution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The 4D view reveals the conduit beneath Steamboat is vertical and extends down to ~120 m depth and the plumbing of Cistern includes a shallow vertical conduit connecting with a deep, large, and laterally offset reservoir ~60 m southeast of the surface pool. No direct connection between Steamboat and Cistern plumbing structures is found above ~120 m. The temporal variation of the tremor combined with in situ temperature and water depth measurements of Cistern, do reveal the interaction between Steamboat and Cistern throughout the eruption/recharge cycles. The observed delayed responses of Cistern in reaction to Steamboat eruptions and recharge suggest the two plumbing structures might be connected through a fractured/porous medium instead of a direct open channel, consistent with our inferred plumbing structure.&lt;/p&gt;
Correction to Robust 3D Zn Sponges Enable High-Power, Energy-Dense Alkaline Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Robust 3D Zn Sponges Enable High-Power, Energy-Dense Alkaline BatteriesJesse S. KoJesse S. KoMore by Jesse S. Kohttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-6965-4174, Andrew B. GeltmacherAndrew B. GeltmacherMore by Andrew B. Geltmacher, Brandon J. HopkinsBrandon J. HopkinsMore by Brandon J. Hopkins, Debra R. RolisonDebra R. RolisonMore by Debra R. Rolisonhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0493-9931, Jeffrey W. LongJeffrey W. LongMore by Jeffrey W. Longhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-5260, and Joseph F. Parker*Joseph F. ParkerMore by Joseph F. Parkerhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-9517-7452Cite this: ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2019, 2, 3, 2356Publication Date (Web):March 12, 2019Publication History Published online12 March 2019Published inissue 25 March 2019https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.9b00405https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b00405correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views876Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (275 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Never out of Now: Preference Falsification, Social Capital and the Arab Spring

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Could the Arab Spring have led to a rise in support for authoritarian governments in some states? Discussions of revolutionary diffusion during the Arab Spring focused on whether expressions of discontent spread to different states. Such discussions, however, neglect the potential for there to be a decrease in expressions of discontent in the wake of spreading revolutionary sentiment in certain contexts. The spread of revolutionary fervor in states with similar characteristics decreases perceptions that individuals will free ride in a revolution, and, thus, increases the perception that a revolution can succeed. This perceived increase in the probability of a revolution succeeding, however, can decrease expressions of discontent with the regime where the threat of an unfavorable alternative replacing the status quo is high. The empirical analysis of data collected before and after the Arab Spring provides evidence that the Arab Spring decreased criticism of the regime in some authoritarian contexts.

Other Information

Published in: International Interactions
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
See article on publisher's website: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2019.1650744
IDDF2022-ABS-0220 Outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection of colorectal neoplasms in a single tertiary hospital in the Philippines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second most common cause of malignant mortality in both sexes. Complete en bloc resection is indicated for early colorectal neoplasms. Various techniques are available for endoscopic treatment for colorectal tumors. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a therapy that has been an effective treatment procedure for superficial colonic neoplasms. Clinical experience is limited in the Philippines. The objective of this study is to determine the outcomes of a patient who underwent ESD to remove superficial colorectal neoplasms in a single tertiary hospital.

Methods

Thirty-six patients diagnosed with early colorectal lesions who underwent ESD were retrospectively analyzed for tumor size, rate of en bloc resection, complete resection, histopathological results and complications.

Results

Thirty-six patients underwent ESD to remove a colorectal tumor from 2016–2021. The tumors treated using ESD were located in the cecum (n=4), ascending colon (n=2), transverse colon (n=4), splenic flexure (n=1), descending colon (n=2), sigmoid colon (n=6) and rectum (n=17). The mean size of the tumors was 30mm (range, 3–60mm). The en bloc resection rate was 88.89%. (IDDF2022-ABS-0220 Table 1). Histopathological analysis revealed hyperplastic polyp (n=1), reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (n=1), sessile serrate adenoma (n=1), tubular adenoma (n=6), tubulovillous adenoma (low-grade (n=8) high-grade (n=8)), adenocarcinoma (moderately-differentiated (n=5), well-differentiated (n=2), and neuroendocrine tumor (n=4). Three patients experienced post-ESD bleeding and the overall complication rate was 8.33%. One patient required surgical treatment to completely remove the colonic neoplasm. Among those who had a follow-up colonoscopy, there was no recurrence of neoplasm (IDDF2022-ABS-0220 Table 2).

Conclusions

ESD is a difficult but safe procedure to treat large superficial colonic neoplasm. Additional training and experience are needed to achieve higher en bloc resection, decrease post-procedure complications and prevent tumor recurrence.
THE ROLE OF FIXED DELAYS IN NEURONAL RATE MODELS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Fixed delays in neuronal interactions arise through synaptic and dendritic processing. Previous work has shown that such delays, which play an important role in shaping the dynamics of networks of large numbers of spiking neurons with continuous synaptic kinetics, can be taken into account with a\nrate model through the addition of an explicit, fixed delay. Here we extend this work to account for arbitrary symmetric patterns of synaptic connectivity and generic nonlinear transfer functions. Specifically, we conduct a weakly nonlinear analysis of the dynamical states arising via primary instabilities of the stationary uniform state. In this way we determine analytically how the nature and stability of these states depend on the choice of transfer function and connectivity. While this dependence is, in general, nontrivial, we make use of the smallness of the ratio in the delay in neuronal interactions to the\neffective time constant of integration to arrive at two general observations of physiological relevance. These are: 1 - fast oscillations are always supercritical for realistic transfer functions. 2 - Traveling waves are preferred over standing waves given plausible patterns of local connectivity.
Effects of Increasing the Nitrogen Level of Apple Leaves on Mite and Predator Populations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Prior to 1950 the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi Koch, was a major pest in Nova Scotia apple orchards, and brown mite, Bryobia arborea M. and A., was practically non-existent. Lord (1949), showed that the sulphur fungicides, commonly in use up to that time, were detrimental to some of the predacious species and toxic to the brown mite. After 1950 red mite populations became negligible and, although the brown mites increased, they did not become sufficiently abundant to cause economic damage. This shift of population balance in Nova kotia orchards has been attributed to the gradual replacement of sulphur and other detrimental materials by pesticides less harmful to predators of the mites (Pickett 1953).
DLP-Based 3D Printing for Automated Precision Manufacturing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As a new type of rapid prototyping technology, 3D printing technology effectively solves the problems of large errors and waste of resources in traditional manufacturing technology. Compared with other technologies, DLP technology has the following advantages: high reliability, high brightness, rich and gorgeous colors, and is very suitable for portable devices. This article aims to study the application of embedded microprocessor-based DLP3D printing in automated precision manufacturing. This article puts forward the idea of applying DLP3D technology to more automated precision manufacturing. This article introduces the embedded microprocessor, 3D printing technology, and related algorithms in detail. At the same time, this article also conducts experiments on DLP3D printing technology. Through the analysis of samples printed by DLP3D technology, the experimental results show that the material deviation value of DLP3D printing based on embedded microprocessor is generally small, compared with other technology printing the deviation value of the material is also reduced by 15.6%.
Olivopontocerebellar degeneration, abnormal sleep, and REM sleepwithout atonia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Polygraphic studies during sleep performed in two patients with olivopontocerebellar degeneration (OPCD) revealed an abnormal control of muscle tone. It was demonstrated by bursts of EMG activity during sleep and progressive disappearance of muscle atonia during sleep. Muscle atonia disappeared during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, permitting movements and expression of feelings probably associated with REM sleep-related oneiric activity. Patients, unaware of their nocturnal sleep disturbance, complained only of the resulting daytime tiredness and sleepiness.
A study of various factors associated with sexual dysfunction in males with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: SD is very common in type 2 diabetic men. Many middle aged and older adults with diabetes are sexually active, but the rate of sexual inactivity is higher than in non-diabetic subjects. The objective of this study was to study various factors associated with sexual dysfunction in males with type- 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A total of 60 male type 2 diabetic subjects were studied. They were divided in to two groups, 42 subjects with SD were in one group and 18 subjects with normal sexual function were in the second group. Differences between groups were assessed for statistical significance using T-test, Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square test, where ever applicable. The data were presented as Mean±Standard deviation or percentages.Results: The prevalence of SD was 70%, ED was 93%, Orgasmic dysfunction was 38 %, 9 had HSDD (21%) and 22 had premature ejaculation (52%). The age (p = 0.335), duration of DM (p = 0.097), BMI (p = 0.717), WC (p = 0.138) were not significantly different between two groups. FPG (p = 0.000), PPG (p = 0.000) and HbA1c (p = 0.000) were significantly higher in SD group. Non-HDL cholesterol level (p = 0.001) and TG level (p = 0.021) were significantly higher in SD group. The eGFR (p = 0.150) was not significantly different between two groups. Spot urine protein creatinine ratio (p = 0.002) was significantly higher in SD group.Conclusions: It was concluded that SD is a highly prevalent problem in males with type 2 DM. ED is the most common form of SD, followed by PE, Orgasmic dysfunction and HSDD. The age, duration of DM, BMI and WC are not associated factors of SD.