jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards COVID-19 Among People in Adiyaman, Turkey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: This study was conducted to examine the knowledge, attitude and practices of individuals aged 18 and over towards one of the coronavirus outbreak COVID-19. Material and Method:This cross-sectional study was carried out by applying a questionnaire to individuals who were registered to a family medicine unit in Adiyaman between 12 May and 10 July.The study population consists of 1842 people registered in the family physician unit.With 95% confidence interval, 50% prevalence, 0.5 margin of error, the number of people to be sampled was calculated as 255.The questionnaire was applied through face to face interviews.Averages were given with standard deviations.χ² and t test were used as statistical analysis method.The p<0.05 was considered significant. Results:The average age of participants included in the study was 39.92±13.52 years and 63.0% were women.84.3% were married.The mean knowledge score of the participants was found to be 5.68±1.71.In our study, the mean knowledge score was significantly higher in men, employees, and those with an associate degree or above (p<0.05).The average attitude score of the participants was 2.40±0.78,and mean practice score was 12.17±1.17.The most known symptom in information questions was fever.If vaccination is available, 84.7% wanted to get vaccinated. Conclusion:The mean score of knowledge, attitude and practice of individuals about COVID-19 was lower than expected.The mean score and attitude mean score were significantly higher in men.Therefore training programs should be planned to increase the knowledge level, positive attitudes and good practices of individuals in the struggle against COVID-19.
Assessing the relationship between brain tissue oxygenation and neurological dysfunction in critically ill patients: study protocol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Acute and chronic neurological complications amongst survivors of critical illness is common, however, the underlying etiology of this neurological dysfunction is unknown. This is the first study to use near-infrared spectroscopy to non-invasively measure brain tissue oxygenation, as a surrogate marker of cerebral perfusion, and correlate these values with subsequent neurological dysfunction. We will test the hypothesis that poor cerebral oxygenation during the first 24 hours of critical illness is correlated with acute and chronic neurological complications.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This single-centre prospective observational study will be performed in a 33-bed medical/surgical intensive care unit (ICU). Adult patients are eligible for enrolment if they are admitted to the ICU within 24 hours, require mechanical ventilation, and/or vasopressor support. For 24 hours, cerebral oxygenation levels will be measured with the FORESIGHT oximeter; vital signs and tissue oxygenation will be captured with data monitoring software. Participants will be screened daily for delirium with the confusion assessment method-ICU. Long-term neurological function will be assessed with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status and the kinesiological instrument for normal and altered reaching movements (KINARM) robot.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study will provide novel information regarding the determinants of cerebral oxygenation during the acute phase (i.e. 24 hours) of critical illness, and its potential relationship with subsequent neurological complications. Should a relationship exist between cerebral oxygenation and neurological complications, future studies will be aimed at using brain tissue oxygenation as a therapeutic target to prevent acute and chronic neurological dysfunction.</p><p class="abstract"> </p><p>Clinical Trial Registration:<strong> </strong>This trial is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02344043), retrospectively registered January 8, 2015.</p>
Radar observations of wind‐shear splitting within evolving atmospheric kelvin‐helmholtz billows

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The high‐resolution radar at Chilbolton was used to measure the velocity structure of large‐amplitude Kelvin‐Helmholtz billows within a precipitating warm‐frontal zone. A deep layer of frontal shear was observed to split into thin layers of more concentrated shear displaying the characteristic braided structure previously reported within clear‐air radar reflectivity patterns and attributed to a splitting of the thermal stratification. the billows were situated within a region of strong wind veer with height and they were orientated at right angles to the mean flow such that air parcels within them were tending to follow helical trajectories up the inclined frontal zone. Radar scans normal to the axes of the billows at different distances from their origin, close to the position of the surface warm front, provided an indication of the evolution of the split‐shear structure.
[Left ventricular function during hypoxia. 1: Effect of blood glucose level].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We investigated the effects of blood glucose levels and myocardial glucose uptake on cardiac function during hypoxia in mongrel dogs (N = 50). During hypoxia (PaO2 = 20 mmHg) caused by inhalation of low concentration of oxygen for 2 hours, left ventricular (LV) function including LV pressure, maximum rate of rise of LV pressure, and cardiac index decreased significantly following initial enhancement. There were significant correlations between these hemodynamic parameters and blood glucose levels. The blood glucose levels correlated significantly with myocardial glucose uptake and blood lactic acid levels (r = 0.660: P = 0.000, r = 0.380: P = 0.000, respectively). Eight of nine dogs which died within 90 minutes during hypoxia showed low blood glucose levels and high lactic acid levels. During hypoxia, myocardial glucose uptake increased to more than five times of control value. On the other hand myocardial lactic acid uptake decreased and turned to production. At the same degree of blood lactic acid levels, LV function was maintained better with high blood glucose levels than with low levels. With low blood glucose levels, myocardial lactic acid uptake and production tended to cease. The pronounced change in LV function during hypoxia could be partially explained by decreased production of ATP due to decrease in myocardial glucose uptake and high lactic acid levels. It seems that high blood glucose levels are preferable to maintain cardiac performance under such a condition.
Learning to Filter: Siamese Relation Network for Robust Tracking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Despite the great success of Siamese-based trackers, their performance under complicated scenarios is still not satisfying, especially when there are distractors. To this end, we propose a novel Siamese relation network, which introduces two efficient modules, i.e. Relation Detector (RD) and Refinement Module (RM). RD performs in a meta-learning way to obtain a learning ability to filter the distractors from the background while RM aims to effectively integrate the proposed RD into the Siamese framework to generate accurate tracking result. Moreover, to further improve the discriminability and robustness of the tracker, we introduce a contrastive training strategy that attempts not only to learn matching the same target but also to learn how to distinguish the different objects. Therefore, our tracker can achieve accurate tracking results when facing background clutters, fast motion, and occlusion. Experimental results on five popular benchmarks, including VOT2018, VOT2019, OTB100, LaSOT, and UAV123, show that the proposed method is effective and can achieve state-of-the-art results. The code will be available at https://github.com/hqucv/siamrn
The circulation of the small bowel mucosa.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Progress reportThe circulation of the small bowel mucosa Absorption, secretion and motility, the three major functions of the small intestine, are localized in different parts of the intestinal wall and have nutritional demands of different magnitudes.'Active' absorption across the intestinal epithelium and secretion which, according to the classical concepts, occurs mainly in the crypts, are processes consuming considerable amounts of oxygen.The motility of the muscularis, on the other hand, requires compara- tively little oxygen.It is generally believed that the magnitude of the blood supply to a tissue is closely adjusted to its current demand for oxygen and that regulatory mechanisms exist which increase blood flow to an organ in situations of enhanced metabolism1.It seems therefore reasonable to assume that blood flow is unevenly distributed within the intestinal wall.Moreover, changes in flow may only occur in a certain wall layer, eg, a vasodilatation may be restricted to the muscularis during intestinal motility.From the discussion above it seems clear that it would be interesting to be able to study, eg, mucosal blood flow separately.However, few investiga- tions have until recently been devoted to the study of intestinal intramural flow distribution.One aim of this article is to summarize the recent progress in this field and to discuss the relationship between villous blood flow and intestinal absorption. Methods for Measuring Intestinal Flow DistributionDuring the last two decades some attempts have been made to quantify the intestinal flow distribution in experimental animals using different tracer techniques.In the early studies water-soluble compounds, such as 86Rb, were injected intravascularly and the amount of tracer in the different wall layers was determined and taken as a measure of flow distribution2,3'4'5.Apart from the disadvantage that only one experiment could be performed on each animal, it seems unlikely that the tissue uptake of lipid-insoluble compounds is limited by flow, since only a small fraction of the total capillary surface area is available for the exchange of water-soluble compounds6.In this laboratory two techniques have been developed for the study of intestinal flow distribution.In one an inert lipophilic gas, 85Kr, dissolved in saline, was injected intraarterially as a slug7'8.The disappearance of the radioactive gas from the small bowel was followed by a-and/or ,B-radiation detectors.The disappearance curve recorded with a scintillation detector was as expected multiexponential, reflecting the heterogenity of flow within the intestinal tissue, and the curve could be resolved into four components.Using a number of independent techniques it was possible to demonstrate that each component mainly reflected the washout from a certain intestinal wall layer.The second method, based on the indicator-dilution principle, 1005on July 12,
A Study on Affordable Housing Development in Kuala Lumpur

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Malaysia housing market have been determined as seriously unaffordable which overall Malaysian median multiple in 2014 achieved 4.4 times. Besides that, according to Bank Negara 2017, Malaysia have highest household debts to GDP level in Asia and its sustainability for further improvement over the next few years could be tough. Not only that, Malaysia’s population are continue growing through times but the size of household are getting smaller which indicated more house is needed. Thus, evidently the various problems and issues arising leads to middle income household finds it challenging to keep pace with the rising cost of housing unit and thereby the demand for affordable housing has become more important than ever before. Several strategies have been introduce by Government to assists low and middle income households to own house ownership. One of the efforts is offered numerous affordable housing schemes throughout whole Malaysia which have been recognised in this study. In order to further understand the level of successful on affordable housing schemes, the perspective of homebuyers and satisfactory of property owner towards affordable housing scheme have been investigated. Questionnaires was the method used to collect relevant data and it was built up by multiple questions, scaling question and dichotomous question. There are total 100 respondents involved in this study. 59 out of 100 respondents are homebuyers and 41 respondents are property owner. Among 59 number of homebuyers 14 will not choose affordable housing as their future property because of low quality. On the other hand, in perspective of property owner, the three most satisfied affordable housing schemes are Rumah Mesra Rakyat 1 Malaysia (RMR1M), Skim Perumahan Mampu Milik Swasta (MyHome) and Rumah Selangorku.
Dataset for Comet.Photos: Rosetta - Comet 67P

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Comet.Photos is a fast, interactive spatial image search application for images from the Rosetta mission. For more information, please visit the documentatio and code at the Comet.Photos GitHub repository. If installing Comet.Photos v2 directly from GitHub, the Rosetta Dataset for Comet 67P must be installed separately, using this tar file and the instructions provided here. This tar file contains a data folder that must be installed with the Comet.photos v2.0 release (assuming installation is being performed acccording to Option 2.. It is a tar.gz file that extracts to a data/ subdirectory in the current directory. This should be placed or extracted directly under the Comet.Photos top level directory. It includes the image dataset from the Rosetta OSIRIS Narrow Angle Camera of comet P67, as well as the 3D shape model of the comet, the image metadata and the visibility table. See https://github.com/comet-dot-photos/comet-dot-photos .
Step-by-step correlation between calculated and measured data in order to reduce errors by vehicle simulation tools

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In designing a new vehicle is necessary to estimate the vehicle performance, emission pollutants, and fuel consumption. Also is necessary check if the fuel economy technologies contents are attend the project goals. Therefore, simulate the vehicles on fuel consumption simulation tools, are crucial to attend the project time and cost.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">One of aspects more critical on simulation tools is its ability to reflect the vehicle reality accurately. The proposal of this work is to present a methodology to check the accuracy of vehicle simulation results using an analysis step-by-step process of errors between the simulated and experimental dynamometer vehicle data collected under FTP-75 and HWFET cycles. The tests were performed on a Flex Fuel vehicle fueled by Brazilian's ethanol and gasoline fuels and the final fuel economy results. Good agreement between simulation and test results were obtained, demonstrating that this process is technically sound to improve the fuel consumption simulation accuracy.</div></div>
Parameter estimation employing a dual channel sine-wave model under sparse coprime sampling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we consider a dual channel signal model with common frequency that is appropriate in a plurality of measurement setups, including impedance measurements and imbalance measurement in direct conversion RF receivers. We investigate on new approach and present analysis of parameter estimation, specifically the seven parameter dual channel sine fit in which the signals from both channels are uniformly subsampled with coprime pair of sparse samplers and combined in a signal array. Simulation results shall show acquired improvement in complexity as well as loss in estimation performance compared to that of an estimation from Nyquist sampled signal.
Evening coat

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Black wool and silk coat. Notched lapel. Double breasted. Bound buttonholes with 8 large, round, black buttons center front; 2 front flap pockets. Quarter length sleeves with seam down center arm. Hip length. Black silk lining. Seam down center back. Designer's label: "Balenciaga.Paris" Other label at left inner seam removed.
Yes, the Sun is located near the corotation circle

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The total component velocity field of Cepheids was analysed in terms of a disk galaxy model perturbed by spiral density waves. The main result is: the Sun is situated very close to the corotation resonance where the rotation velocities of the disk and of the spiral pattern coincide. The displacement R of the Sun from the corotation circle is: R 0:1 kpc.
Trust Building to Coordinate Collective Action in Reforestation Program

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study explores the way trust among agencies is established to coordinate collective action in rehabilitating protected areas, which have been utilized, commodified, and settled. Using an ethnography approach, the fieldwork was conducted in the villages surrounding 2 protected areas of West Lampung and South Lampung Districts in Lampung Province of Indonesia. There are several factors which hinder trust building process i.e. past experiences in relation to eviction from protected areas, forest policies which are not consistent, forest status which is protected areas, and the attitude of forest officers which consider land users as has no responsibility for conservation. Among those factors, forest policies which discursively and materially incorporate trust-building are the main factors which may help forest land rehabilitation process. Trust building process through negotiation where prejudice is turned into understanding among agencies still offer the possibility for forest rehabilitation efforts in the context of commodified landscape, agrarian change, and migration. However, negotiation is established through 'give and take' mechanisms, trial and error, and a learning process. Landscape transformation where forest land rehabilitation occurs relies on the 'art' of 'negotiation' at a local level
Volume of interest‐based fourier transform method for calculation of static magnetic field maps from susceptibility distributions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Purpose Calculation of static magnetic field (B 0 ) inhomogeneity maps of high‐resolution susceptibility models by means of convolution with dipole kernels often encounters limitations in computer memory (RAM) for large input data matrices. In many applications, only a small portion of the full volume of the computer model is a volume of interest (VOI) or a susceptibility perturbation source. This work presents a VOI‐based method to significantly reduce the computer memory usage for such applications. Theory and Methods The VOI‐based method is presented and compared with the conventional method for calculation of the B 0 field in the brain and heart of a human body model in terms of calculation speed, memory requirement, and calculation error relative to the full model results. Results Use of the VOI‐based method significantly reduced memory usage in the human body model calculations over the conventional method without loss of accuracy and with comparable calculation speed. Conclusion The proposed method can be valuable for rapid calculation of B 0 distributions on standard computer hardware for applications such as subject‐specific B 0 field calculations derived from anatomic scans. Magn Reson Med 75:2473–2480, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrical, Civil, and Mechanical Engineering

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract While the importance of being able to communicate effectively in writing is widely understood, nevertheless there are persistent differences between the writing styles of students and professionals working in the same discipline. This work further explores a hypothesis by the authors that the presence of distinct written “dialects” in different engineering communities is a source of mixed messages for students, who can be confused by the often-conflicting writing advice presented in various core and discipline-specific courses. Quantitative methods verified this hypothesis, as the results show that author voice, development, style, and diction vary significantly between electrical, civil, and mechanical engineering journal articles. As a result, neither the “STEM writing style” nor the “Engineering writing style” can be considered to be a homogeneous entity. Equipped with this awareness, those personnel responsible for teaching writing to undergraduate students can hopefully be more effective in the delivery of their instruction. Extensions which propose the investigation of engineering writing style among non-academic practitioners and students are included.
Economic Potential of Using High Tunnel Hoop Houses to Produce Fruits and Vegetables

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Hoop house plasticulture has been promoted as a production technology that allows fruit and vegetable crops to be grown in the cool season months in early spring and late fall. At this time little information regarding the economics of hoop house plasticulture is available. Two fruit and vegetable production systems were developed for growing conditions in south-central Oklahoma. The first system has a spinach crop followed by field tomato, and the second system has annually produced strawberry followed by yellow and zucchini squash. Crop production data were collected in a three-year randomized and replicated experiment. The objectives were (1) to determine the expected cost of production for each crop and systems, (2) to determine the breakeven price for each crop in each system, and (3) to determine how robust breakeven prices are to a number of yield, expense and marketing scenarios. The expected total cost of production were $1, 968 and $1, 652 per house for spinach and tomato crops, respectively, and $2, 749, $359 and $353 per house for yellow and zucchini squash crops, respectively. Breakeven prices for spinach and tomato were $3.32 and $0.83 per pound, respectively, and $6.16, $0.92, and $1.40 per pound for strawberry and yellow and zucchini squash, respectively. Breakeven prices for spinach and strawberry crops were most sensitive to assumptions about quantity of marketable yield sold and/or quantity of yield consumed by grower household.
The forecast of the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with obstructive-apnoea syndrome during sleep

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Assess the four-year survival prognosis of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) accompanied by the obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods and Materials: In this study, 62 patients with COPD, who were diagnosed with OSAHS using polysomnography and underwent a comprehensive clinical and functional evaluation. Outcomes: In individuals suffering from COPD and concomitant OSAHS, a more complicated progression of the disease has been observed, characterized by an increase in the severity of dyspnea, a worsening of functional airway obstruction, and a reduction in exercise capacity. The progression of the disease was presented with cardiovascular disorders in 77.4% and obesity in 95.2% of COPD and OSAHS cases. Assessment of the BODE index, a tool used to quantify the severity of COPD, demonstrated that only 35.5% of individuals had a 4-year survival rate of 57%. Analysis of the relationship between the BODE index and parameters such as SaO2 and the maximum desaturation in patients with COPD and OSAHS revealed a strong inverse correlation between the BODE index and the maximum desaturation (r = -0.78) as well as an inverse correlation between the BODE index and the average SaO2 (r = -0.37). Conversely, a direct correlation was observed between the BODE index and the apnea-hypopnea index (r = 0.7). A 12-year follow-up study of COPD patients with OSAHS revealed a mortality rate of 22.2%, primarily among patients with severe OSAHS.