jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Search for bose glass phase in the Shastry-Sutherland model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Physicists are interested on the physical properties during the phase transition of lattices under various Hamiltonian model. In this project, we are dealing with the hard core boson in the Shastry-Sutherland model under the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian model, where the diagonal bonds and square (vertical and horizontal) bonds are of different strength. We only focus on the low temperature since we want to search its Bose glass phase. In this project, 4 physical properties are determined: boson density, structure factor, stiffness and energy, by using the one of the quantum Monte Carlo methods called the \emph{stochastic series expansion}. Stochastic series expansion was studied thoroughly and instead of using the quantum states $\alpha$, it uses $\left\{ \alpha,S_{M}\right\} $ as the sample configuration where $S_{M}$ is the set of permutation of $M$ bond operators. The Monte Carlo simulation, which consists of 3 types of updates (namely diagonal update, off-diagonal/loop update and site update), was written by \CC and it was verified with the analytical solution of $2\times2$ lattice. It was realised that the system consists of 3 different states: dimer, checkerboard and superfluid, where superfluid lies as the ``intermediate state'' between dimer and checkerboard.
Alexia and agraphia in acute and chronic stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reading and writing are increasingly important in society. More transactions and communications take place over the internet each day. Stroke or other focal brain injuries can selectively impair reading and/or writing, causing important deficits in these daily interactions. Although not immediately apparent on the traditional neurological examination, alexia and agraphia can be disabling and dehumanizing. Furthermore, these deficits may be the only functional sequel of certain types of stroke, such as posterior watershed infarct, embolism to the left posterior parietal cortex, or occlusion of the left posterior cerebral artery. Therefore, assessment of reading and writing is an essential component of a complete neurological examination in cases of suspected stroke.
Effect of water activity and pH on growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum type G

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The combined effect of water activity (aw) and pH on growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum type G strain 89 was investigated. The minimum aw at which growth and toxin formation occurred was 0.965, for media in which the pH was adjusted with either sodium chloride or sucrose. The minimum pH (at the optimum aw) for growth and toxin production of C. botulinum type G was found to be 5.6. Optimum conditions for toxin activation were a trypsin concentration of 0.1%, a pH of the medium of 6.5, and an incubation for 45 min at 37 degrees C. These data did not show evidence of heat-labile spores, since a heat shock of 75 degrees C for 10 min did not significantly decrease the spore count of strain 89G in media at pH 7.0 or 5.6. It was frequently observed that cells grown at reduced aw or pH experienced severe morphological changes.
The Influence of Three Binders on the Properties of BTF-Based Composite Explosive

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Benzotrioxofurazan (BTF) -based composite explosives containing three different binder components were prepared in this study, using nitrocellulose (NC), thermoplastic polyurethane (Estane), and fluororubber 2602 (F2602) as binders, through the electrostatic spray method.The objective was to reduce the sensitivity of BTF.The BTF-based composite explosives were characterised using a range of scientific equipment, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), DSC thermal analysis, and mechanical sensitivity.The SEM results indicated that the BTF-based composite explosives' particle size was between 50 and 100 nm, and had a spherical shape.Compared with the raw BTF, the critical temperature of thermal explosion of the three composite explosives, BTF/NC, BTF/Estane and BTF/F2602, was increased by 4.21, 6.8 and 9.44 °C, respectively.These increases indicate an improvement in the thermal stability of the samples.The characteristic drop height of BTF/NC, BTF/Estane and BTF/F2602 was 68.12, 62.34 and >80 cm, respectively.Additionally, the explosion percentage of BTF/NC, BTF/Estane and BTF/F2602 had been decreased to 24%, 24%, and 8%, respectively.These results suggest a significant enhancement in the safety performance of all three samples.
Application of Six Sigma Statistical Methodology to Reduce ESP Failures in Central Arabia Fields

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents the application of Six Sigma statistical methodologies to diagnose, measure, improve, and control the root causes of<br>electrical submersible pump (ESP) failures in Central Arabian (CA) fi elds. The word six sigma is a statistical term that measures how<br>far a given process deviates from perfection. The main objective of this study is to increase the run life of ESPs in six Central Arabian<br>fi elds of Saudi Arabia to at least three years or more using Six Sigma tool.
Malpractice in diagnosis and treatment of craniocerebral injuries in cases reviewed by the Forensic Medicine Department, Medical University of Łódź.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Analyzed material comprised 17 errors during the decision-making process, including 4 diagnostic errors, as well as 1 therapeutic, 1 executive, and 1 organisational error. The most common error was disqualification from hospitalization of patients who should be observed in hospital. It was followed (in order of frequency) by errors related to transportation to the sobering chamber or to another hospital, and failure to perform or misinterpretation of imaging studies. The fewest errors referred to treatment. The main cause of craniocerebral injury was fall of a drunk person, and the alcohol intoxication made diagnosis difficult and delayed.
The Efficacy of a Persian Medicine Formulation on Adult Functional Constipation: A Double-blinded Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Constipation is a common disorder, and its management imposes a significant health burden. Integration of complementary and alternative medicine into the current health system may result in beneficial outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a Persian medicine preparation (Jalinous capsule) on functional constipation. Jalinous capsule is a combination of rose (Rosa damascena), mastic (Pistacia lentiscus), Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), and turpeth (Ipomoea turpethum). Methods: From January to December 2019, 126 patients aged 18 - 50 with functional constipation according to Rome IV criteria referred to Imam Khomeini hospital's gastrointestinal disease clinic were blindly randomized into "Jalinous" capsule group and placebo group for four weeks. Both groups received psyllium indeed. The patients were followed up at weeks two and four of the treatment and four weeks after the termination of the intervention. Results: Although the frequency of defecation, percentage of incomplete defecation and evacuation, straining during defecation, using manual maneuver to facilitate evacuation and defecation time showed significant improvement in both groups (P < 0.001), improvements in the intervention group were significantly more than in control group (P < 0.001). At the end of the second and fourth weeks of taking the drug and four weeks after stopping the drugs, the patients in the intervention group reported less frequent hard stool form in comparison to the patients in the control group (P < 0.001). Their overall self-reported improvement in symptoms after the treatment was significantly higher than the patients in the placebo group (P < 0.001). Adverse effects were not serious and mostly were transient. Conclusion: "Jalinous" capsule is an effective and safe treatment for functional constipation in adults, but more studies are needed to make confident conclusions.
Inside Front Cover: Development and application of a novel recombinant Aleuria aurantia lectin with enhanced core fucose binding for identification of glycoprotein biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600064 Surface representation of rAAL N224Q complexed with Fucα1-6GlcNAc disaccharides (in licorice). The rAAL N224Q lectin was used to find novel biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma. Amino acid hydrophobicity is colored from the least to the most, white to red respectively. For more details, see the article by Pamela Norton et al. on page 3126.
Evaluation of material characterization systems that utilize a two-wire transmission line

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Engineers in many disciplines use the electromagnetic properties of materials to evaluate and predict the performance of systems. Microwave engineers use these properties in the design of high frequency devices. Civil, mechanical, and biomedical engineers use the properties, either directly or indirectly, as indicators of the performance of structures and mechanical systems, e,g, in the evaluation of water-to-cement ratio (Mubarak, K. et al., Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Trans, v50, no.5, pp.1255–1263, Oct. 2001).
The effect of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the compliance of hand hygiene in ICU in a tertiary hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Hand hygiene (HH) is one of the main preventive methods for healthcare-associated infections. Our aim is to compare the level of HH compliance in 2021, SARS-CoV-2 pandemic period, with the previous 2019 period. Methods Descriptive cross-sectional study of direct observation on compliance of HH in adult intensive care unit (AICU) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a third-level hospital in Madrid during the years 2019 and 2021. Trained healthcare workers observed and recorded hand hygiene opportunities (HHO) among staff (nurse, nurses’ aide, physicians and orderly) using the World Health Organization's “My Five Moments for Hand Hygiene” tool. All observations of professional that attended patients in SARS-CoV-2 isolation units were excluded. Results Overall, there was a total of 1199 HHO, 961 in AICU (2019:466; 2021:495) and 238 in NICU (2019:122; 2021:116). HH compliance in AICU improved from 57.5% in 2019 to 65.9% in 2021 (p = 0.008) and remained unchanged in NICU (2019:90.2% vs 2021:88.8%; p = 0.730). In AICU all professional categories, except nurse’s aide, improved HH compliance being statistically significant in physicians (2019:33.8% vs 2021:50.0%; p = 0.009). In relation to the 5 moments, an increase in HH compliance was observed in: before and after touching a patient/after touching patient surroundings, being only statistically significant in moment after touching a patient (2019:69.4% vs 2021:83.7%; p = 0.001). In NICU there were no significant changes between the two periods regarding to the professional category or the five moments of HH. In NICU there were no significant changes between the two periods regarding to the professional category or the five moments of HH. Conclusions The increase in compliance of HH within the adult ICUs demonstrates this adaptation, stating a behavioural change in the habits of professionals. This increase was no observed in the NICU since their compliance was already extremely high. Key messages • There has been an increase in HH compliance in the AICU. • The HH method has varied, becoming COVID-19 specific.
Additional notes on systematic of Neotropical Dissomphalus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Submitted by Patricia Barros (patricia.barros@ufes.br) on 2011-02-02T16:51:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 v16n4a01.pdf: 9371482 bytes, checksum: 700ffb42bdf07491d465fd4339098298 (MD5) license_rdf: 21504 bytes, checksum: cfe16b28a928230b24b965de15e8a5ff (MD5)
Identification of NP Protein-Specific B-Cell Epitopes for H9N2 Subtype of Avian Influenza Virus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Avian Influenza (AI) caused by the H9N2 subtype of the avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a serious threat to both the poultry industry and to public health safety. NP is one of the major structural proteins in influenza viruses. B-cell determinants located on NP proteins have attracted increasing attention. In this study, based on the NP sequence of the H9N2 (A/chicken/Shandong/LY1/2017) strain, the truncated NP gene (71 AA–243 AA) was cloned and prokaryotically expressed in a pET-28a (+) vector. BALB/c mice were immunized with a purified recombinant of an NP protein to prepare a monoclonal antibody against NP proteins. The prokaryotic expression of four overlapping fragments, NP-N-96, NP-C-103, NP-C-54 and NP-C-49, were used to recognize an antigenic epitope of the NP protein. The results show that, after cell fusion, one hybridoma cell clone secreted the antibody specific to the NP protein, following screening with ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence, which is named the 4F5 monoclonal antibody (mAb). Western blotting on the overlapping fragments showed that the 230FQTAAQRA237 motif was identified as the minimal motif recognized by 4F5mAb, which was represented as the linear B-cell epitope of the NP protein. Homology analysis of this epitope shows that it was highly conserved in 18 AIVs analyzed in this study, and the epitope prediction results indicate that the epitope may be located on the surface of the NP protein. These results provide a strong experimental basis for studying the function of the NP protein of the H9N2 AIV and also strong technical support for the development of a universal assay based on an anti-NP monoclonal antibody.
Determinants of online professor reviews: an elaboration likelihood model perspective

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Drawing on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), the authors examine the influence of perceived professor teaching qualities, as central cues, on online professor ratings. Also, our study investigates how the volume and period of reviews, as peripheral cues, affect online professor ratings. Design/methodology/approach Leveraging stratified random sampling, the authors collect reviews of 892 Information Systems professors from 250 American universities. The authors employ regression models while conducting robustness tests through multi-level logistic regression and causal inference methods. Findings Our results suggest that the central route from perceived professor qualities to online professor ratings is significant, including most qualitative pedagogical factors except positive assessment. In addition to course difficulty, the effect of the peripheral route is limited due to deficient diagnosticity. Research limitations/implications Our primary concern about the data validity is a lack of a competing and complementary dataset. However, an institutional evaluation survey or an experimental study can corroborate our findings in future research. Practical implications Online professor review sites can enhance their perceived diagnosticity and credibility by increasing review vividness and promoting site interactivity. In addition to traditional institutional evaluations, professors can obtain insightful feedback from review sites to improve their teaching effectiveness. Originality/value To our best knowledge, this study is the first attempt to employ the ELM and accessibility-diagnosticity theory in explicating the information processing of online professor reviews. It also sheds light on various determinants and routes to persuasion, thus providing a novel theoretical perspective on online professor reviews.
Neural mechanisms of orofacial pain - effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neuropathic orofacial pain is challenging to treat. Limited knowledge of the underlying pain-syndrome-specific pathophysiology is one of the reasons for poor response to current pharmacotherapy. Patients with treatment-resistant neuropathic pain are susceptible to concomitant psychiatric and sleep disorders. Psychiatric disorders, sleep problems, and certain personality traits may, in turn, predispose to chronic pain. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique that has been shown to alleviate neuropathic pain, but the mechanisms of its action and optimal treatment parameters are still unclear. \n \nWe investigated rTMS effects in healthy subjects and chronic neuropathic orofacial pain patients, and compared the analgesic efficacy of stimulation given to different cortical targets. We also evaluated the brain mechanisms involved in rTMS-induced analgesia, especially the dopamine-opioid system. The genetically determined function of the endogenous dopamine system was also investigated regarding thermal and pain perception. \n \nWe discovered that rTMS targeted to the right secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) alleviated neuropathic orofacial pain (Cohen’s d = 0.60). Pain intensity assessed in numerical rating scale was significantly lower after the S2 stimulation than after the stimulation of the primary somatosensory and motor cortex (S1/M1) (p = 0.007) or placebo (p = 0.019). The analgesic effect of stimulation of the S2 region was not mediated or predicted by comorbid psychiatric or sleep disorders. Orofacial pain patients had more psychiatric and sleep disorders than the general population and there were several associations between these comorbid disorders. \n \nThe variation caused by single nucleotide polymorphism 957C>T in dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene had an effect on thermal perception and rTMS effects in healthy subjects. rTMS to S1 cortex increased heat pain detection thresholds only in subjects homozygous for the 957T allele (F = 3.78, p = 0.009), whose mean heat pain detection thresholds 6,24 were initially lower than those of 957C allele carriers (p < 0.05). The “pain sensitive” 957TT genotype was overrepresented (50% vs. 27% in general population, p = 0.019) in our unselected group of neuropathic pain patients. \n \nIn the positron emission tomography (PET) study on healthy subjects, lower μ-opioid receptor availability indicting activation of the endogenous opioid system, was seen in a brain network associated with pain processing after active S1/M1 rTMS compared to sham (p ≤ 0.0001). \n \nOur results suggest that the brain dopamine-opioid system is important in the perception and modulation of pain, and in rTMS-induced analgesia. Genetic regulation of striatal DRD2 function may explain some of the individual differences in pain sensitivity and in risk for neuropathic pain.
The toxic Doppelganger: on the ionic and molecular mimicry of cadmium.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal which can cause numerous alterations in cell functioning. Exposure to cadmium leads to generation of reactive oxygen species, disorders in membrane structure and functioning, inhibition of respiration, disturbances in ion homeostasis, perturbations in cell division, and initiation of apoptosis and necrosis. This heavy metal is considered a carcinogen by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. At least some of the described toxic effects could result from the ability of cadmium to mimic other divalent ions and alert signal transduction networks. This review describes the role of cadmium mimicry in its uptake, reactive oxygen species generation, alterations in calmodulin, Wnt/β-catenin and estrogen signaling pathways, and modulation of neurotransmission. The last section is dedicated to the single known case of a favorable function performed by cadmium mimicry: marine diatoms, which live in zinc deficient conditions, utilize cadmium as a cofactor in carbonic anhydrase - so far the only described cadmium enzyme.
8 Halogens and noble gases

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Many of the highlights in halogen chemistry this year arise from applications of halogen-containing materials. In particular, halogen bonding has moved from being an area of essentially academic interest to a topic with an ever-increasing range of applications. Thus, the shortest N⋯I halogen bond to date has been reported and the use of halogen bonding to control and direct both architecture and chemistry has been described. For the noble gases, the first metal ion homoleptically coordinated to XeF2 ligands has been reported and the application of noble gas compounds as novel oxidising agents has resulted in the first structurally characterised CX3+ (X = Cl, Br) systems.
Target Setting for Inefficient DMUs for an Acceptable Level of Efficient Performance

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Data Envelopment Analysis is a nonparametric technique used to rank similar decision making units by evaluating the relative efficiency.It can also be used to set target values for inefficient DMUs so as to perform efficiently.In common set of weights DEA model, a common set of weights for inputs and outputs for DMUs will be determined and this common set of weights is used to evaluate the relative efficiency and ranking of each DMU.The most commonly used method to generate common set of weights is the method based on the goal programming.In traditional models, target setting for inefficient DMUs is also considered so as to attain a level on the efficient frontier.Sometimes forcing a DMU to function so as to attain the maximum efficiency value may result in undesirable after effects.So it is very important to consider models which suggest target values for inefficient DMU so as attain an acceptable level of efficiency.This paper aims to consider such a target setting also.
Haptic, Auditory, or Visual?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We are observing a trend that more and more manual assembly workplaces are equipped with sensor technology to assist workers during complex work tasks. These assistive systems mostly use visual feedback for providing assembly instructions or hinting at errors. However, a red light indicating an error might not always be the best solution for communicating that an error was made, or might be overlooked in stressful situations. Therefore, we extended an assitsive system to compare haptic, auditory, and visual error feedback at the manual assembly workplace. Through two user studies, we first determine suitable variants for each error feedback modality and second compare the error feedback modalities against each other. The results show that haptic feedback is appropriate for retaining the worker's privacy, and auditory feedback is perceived as most distracting. The subjective feedback reveals interesting insights for future research in communicating errors as a combination of haptic and visual feedback might lead to noticing an error faster.