jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Developing and validating the risk perceptions questionnaire for COVID-19 (Risk Precept COVID-19): an application of the extended parallel process model

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract

Background In order to understand how people perceive, process, and respond to COVID-19 risk information, a valid and reliable instrument is needed. This study aimed to develop an instrument to measure the risk perceptions of people about COVID-19 based on the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tabriz, Iran. First, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to develop the initial draft of Risk-percept COVID-19. Then, in order to obtain a pre-final version of the instrument, face and content validity were conducted. After that, construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory), internal consistency using test-retest reliability and Cronbach’s alpha of the instrument were measured. Results Forty two item were initially generated. During the content validity, it was reduced to 29 items. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed four factors (perceived response efficacy, perceived threats (severity and susceptibility), perceived self-efficacy, and defensive responses (denial, avoidance and reactance) that accounted for 49.97 of the observed variance. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) designated a model with appropriate fitness for the data. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the dimensions ranged from .697 to .793, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranged from .71 to .80 within acceptable ranges. Conclusion the current findings show that the Risk-percept COVID-19 is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the cognitions and perceptions of adults.
Media Students, Climate Change, and YouTube Celebrities: Readings ofDear Future Generations: SorryVideo Clip

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of this study is to advance understanding of the use of media by young audiences, as they become informed and in turn develop a clear judgment about climate change as part of a process of developing environmental literacy. The paper explores the under- researched question around what kind of role do online videos play in the perception and evaluation of these issues, while focusing on university Media students as a specific group equipped to identify media’s multiple dimensions and processes. Insights on how such influence might work are obtained through both an eco-critical expert reading of Prince Ea’s rap-music video Dear Future Generations: Sorry and a report of what is perceived and recalled by the students. This will be illustrated using textual and focus group analysis of this YouTube video that has been highlighted as an emergent environmental text in previous surveys of students, offering an alternative genre and a formally distinct approach to climate change from the well- known Al Gore and Leonardo DiCaprio’s viral media productions. The methodological design merges the traditional analytical tools of eco-criticism, alongside social science techniques aimed at adding empirical value to the research.
Contributions of Plant Characters to Pod Yield in West African Okra Under Pluvial and Fluxial Agroecosystems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

West African okra [Abelmoschus caillei (A.Chev) Stevels] occurs as unselected variants with low pod yield. Using multiple statistical analyses could provide adequate information on contributions of plant characters to pod yield increase breeding efficiency. The objectives of the work were to evaluate the effects of agroecosystems and genotype on pod yield and relative contributions of plant characters in West African okra to develop efficient and stable selection criteria for pod yield improvement. Twenty-five genotypes were grown over a period of 4 years in two agroecosystems at the research farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. The plant characters days to flowering, number of pods per plant, final plant height, days to harvest, pod length, pod width, pod growth rate, pod filling period, seed weight, and pod yield were measured. Results were analyzed by multiple statistical analyses: analysis of variance (ANOVA), genotypic correlation, factor analysis, principal component analysis, stepwise multiple regression analysis, path analysis, and cluster analysis. Significant effects occurred for genotypes, agroecosystems, and their interactions. Pod filling period was a stable character across agroecosystems. Though pluvial planted West African okra produced taller plants with a greater number of longer pods with heavier seeds, fluxial planted okra flowered and matured earlier with wider pods. Results of multiple statistical analyses indicated that pod growth rate contributed most to pod yield and to a lesser extent pod filling period, seed weight, and final plant height and provide useful information for efficiently improving pod yield in West African okra. West African okra breeding should focus on pod growth rate, which greatly affects pod yield. Determination of additional physiological and biochemical subtle but important yield-related characters might provide additional insights into pod yield.
Solanum stenotomum LOTID 231409

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Solanum stenotomum
Common name(s): Potato
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Peru
Local sample unique identifier: LOTID 231409
Method of creation: In-house copy
Date: 2012
Other identifiers: n/a,CIP 703282
Historical: Yes
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Health Indicator Analysis in Terms of Condition Monitoring on Brownfield CNC Milling Machines Using Triaxial Accelerometer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Evaluating the quality of the machining process annotated by experts on the floor in case of developing a silent anomaly is a challenging task. Components wear, wrongly labeled processes, or highly imbalanced data are some examples of real-world difficulties that may prevent the reliability of machine learning algorithms in the manufacturing environment. Since human experts may face several challenges while annotating such high-frequency data, this letter evaluates effective health indexes using time-frequency analysis to extract reliable patterns or vibration signatures assigned to the process quality or bearing health status. A benchmark dataset for process monitoring of Brownfield milling machines over two years is utilized in this letter where the resulting process is evaluated by experts in a gauging station. Vibration signals are collected from three different computer numerical control (CNC) using a triaxial accelerometer, which is mounted on the rear side of the machines. Considering a single operation, the extracted vibration signature is validated on two test CNC machines. As results show, the overall energy level in the frequency range of 0-1 kHz while considering only radial axes gives effective insight into the quality of the process and degradation pattern.
Hummingbird size, pollen load and pollination efficiency

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pollinators are an important selective agent and play a role in the evolution of certain floral characteristics (Fenster, 1991). This is often the case with flower corollas, which have closely coevolved with the length and curvature of the bill or tongue of its pollinators (Stiles 1989) The purpose of this study was to determine the specificity of the coevolution between hummingbirds as pollinators and the species on which they forage. I also hope to examine the bill length- body size relationship, pollen loads and their placements. I hypothesize that short-billed hummingbirds will carry pollen from plant species with short corollas, and long-billed hummingbirds will carry pollen from plant species with longer corollas, even though they are capable of getting nectar from shorter corolla flowers. Hummingbirds for this study were collected between October 20 and November 14, 2003 around the Estación Biológica Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. When number of pollen species was plotted against bill length in a simple regression (Fig. 6), the relationship turned out to be significant (P = .0021). As bill length increases the number of pollen species found on a bird also increased. Species richness on the bill was significantly different then on the chest with a P-value of 0.0324 and bill vs. total species of pollen was also found to be significant (P = 0.0015) (Fig. 8). Chest and bill vs. total were also showed a significant difference in species richness, both having Pvalues of < 0.0001. So the females are carrying significantly more pollen species than males. When looking at body parts the greatest amount of pollen species is being carried on the bill, followed by the head and then chest. Females were determined to carry greater pollen loads then male due to male territorial behavior. Also, long-billed humming birds feed mainly on long corolla flowers.
South West Indian Ocean islands tomato begomovirus populations represent a new major monopartite begomovirus group

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Biological and molecular properties of Tomato leaf curl Madagascar virus isolates from Morondova and Toliary (ToLCMGV-[Tol], -[Mor]), Tomato leaf curl Mayotte virus isolates from Dembeni and Kahani (ToLCYTV-[Dem], -[Kah]) and a Tomato yellow leaf curl virus isolate from Réunion (TYLCV-Mld[RE]) were determined. Full-length DNA components of the five isolates from Madagascar, Mayotte and Réunion were cloned and sequenced and, with the exception of ToLCMGV-[Tol], were shown to be both infectious in tomato and transmissible by Bemisia tabaci . Sequence analysis revealed that these viruses had genome organizations of monopartite begomoviruses and that both ToLCMGV and ToLCYTV belong to the African begomoviruses but represent a distinct monophyletic group that we have tentatively named the South West islands of the Indian Ocean (SWIO). All of the SWIO isolates examined were apparently complex recombinants. None of the sequences within the recombinant regions closely resembled that of any known non-SWIO begomovirus, suggesting an isolation of these virus populations.
The neglected nameStatice auriculifolia(Plumbaginaceae) and its related names: A long history of nomenclatural intricacy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The authors studied Statice names derived from the Tournefortianum “Limonium Lusitanicum, Auriculae Ursi folio”. The name S. auriculaeursifolia , basionym of the accepted Limonium auriculaeursifolium , is typified by a specimen in Lamarck's herbarium in Paris. The controversial name S. auriculifolia , often regarded as a synonym of L. auriculaeursifolium , corresponds instead to L. nydeggeri , employed for a narrowly endemic plant of Portugal, and has priority over that name. Statice auriculifolia is lectotypified by a specimen in Tournefort's herbarium. In addition, the related names S. lychnidifolia , S. willdenovii (both illegitimate and synonyms of L. auriculaeursifolium ), and S. ovalifolium are discussed. Finally, the taxon to which the invalid name “ L. ovalifolium subsp. gallicum ” has been applied, has a legitimate name at the specific rank: L. gallicum Domina. This latter name, however, is a taxonomic synonym of L. ovalifolium .
Changes in physico-chemical and biochemical parameters of soil following addition of wood ash: A field experiment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Here we have investigated the effects of the addition of two different wood ash sizes at two different doses (5 and 20 t/ha) on the physicochemical, \nmicrobiological and biochemical properties in the surface soil (0–30 cm) of an Italian agricultural system. Over 24 months, the pH, \nelectrical conductivity, soil microbial biomass-C and -N, and total hydrolytic activity were periodically tested, together with alkaline phosphatase, \narylsulphatase and o-diphenoloxidase activities. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to consider the effects of sampling time and wood \nash addition on the parameters tested and to reveal possible interactions between the two variables. For electrical conductivity, pH, soil microbial \nbiomass-C and total hydrolytic activity the ANOVA showed a significant ‘wood ash type× sampling time’ interaction, while no interaction was \nfound for the other enzymatic activities. Significant increases in pH and in electrical conductivity were seen over the first months in all of the \ntreated samples, which were more pronounced at the higher dose. Decreases in microbial biomass-C and changes in the microbial C/N ratios were \nseen for all of the treatments, which were more pronounced at the higher dose. Increases in soil microbial activity were seen over the first 8 months. \nThe alkaline phosphatase and arylsulphatase activities were significantly inhibited for the first 4 months of soil treatment. The significant increases \nseen in o-diphenoloxidase activity over the first 8 months under all of the treatments appear to be related to the increases in electrical conductivity. \nAfter 12 months, the levels of all of the parameters tested in the treated soils returned to the levels of the untreated soils indicating that the disposal \nof up to 20 t/ha of wood ash per year in Italian agricultural soil does not result in long-term changes in any of these parameters.
The teachers’ readiness to incorporate Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the teaching and learning of English as a Second Language in Zimbabwe’s Urban Primary Schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Any nation's ability to educate its citizens depends on its teachers, thus teacher preparation is essential to the integration of ICT in teaching. The success of ICT integration in the classroom therefore depends on the teachers' readiness to incorporate these tools into the curriculum. No paradigm shift in the educational process can be successfully imagined without teachers being the first participants of the intention. This study set out to find out how urban primary school English teachers in Zimbabwe felt about their own preparedness to use ICTs in the classroom. The resources that are available, the abilities of the teachers, our urban primary schools in the Bulawayo Metropolitan Province were the target population. Qualitative research methodology was employed in the study. Data were gathered for this study using ten randomly chosen English teachers from 3 selected primary schools of Bulawayo. The teachers' preparedness was investigated using semi-structured interviews. The results demonstrated that English teachers lacked the necessary preparation to both integrate ICT into the teaching and learning process and execute blended learning. Teachers view ICT in blended learning positively, however the existing ICT tools were insufficient for teaching and learning since there was little to no technical support available to assist teachers who needed it. The study provided several recommendations, including that teachers should receive ongoing training, be aware of the value of ICT, and ensure that schools have working ICT resources that are available to them.
Omani Classical Poetry and Discourse Deviation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We argue in this paper that there are voices in Omani classical poetry that challenged the dominant cultural discourse and deviated from it. The paper is divided into two parts. Part one is mainly theoretical. We start by introducing Omani poetic discourse as one in which different voices compete. We then refer to literary theory to establish that poetry by definition challenges public discourse. Part two is practical. Taking what is established in Part 1 as our point of departure, we practically substantiate our claim by discussing excerpts from Omani classical poetry. We conclude by putting forward suggestions for further study.
[Prevention of pyelonephritis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The possibilities of the prophylaxis of pyelonephritis in the intrauterine life, in infancy and childhood, in internal medicine, gynaecology and urology are described. After explanation of the causes of pyelonephritis it is referred to the importance of the asymptomatic, significant bacteriuria and it is emphasized that there is no primary pyelonephritis, but every pyelonephritis is secondary.
Investigation of dynamic of the Jovian radiation belt by a multi-frequency observation of the synchrotron radiation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Jupiter's Synchrotron Radiation (JSR) is generated by the relativistic electrons trapped in the radiation belt. Variation of JSR is, therefore, an important probe to investigate generation and dissipation processes of the relativistic electrons and deformation of their global distribution. Regular and systematic JSR observations have been made by several groups and revealed the existence of short term variations at a time scale of several days to months inferring some electro-magnetic activities in the inner magnetosphere. Now it's the time to investigate the details of variation characteristics and origin of the time variation. A program of a multi-frequency observation for JSR has been started since 2001. The JSR spectrum measurements give us information of variations of pitch angle and/or characteristics of radial diffusion of the relativistic electrons. In this program three observation frequencies measured with different facilities have been adopted; i.e., 325 MHz at Tohoku Univ., 930 MHz at European Incoherent Scatter Facility (EISCAT), Sweden and 2.22 GHz at National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NiCT). JSR at the frequency range is generated from the relativistic electrons at the energy from 6 to 16 MeV, and has been hardly observed regularly. We have made approximately two week observation in October 2003 and one month observation in June to July 2004. A preliminary analysis shows existence of radio flux variations. In particular, the variation showed frequency dependent and rapid decreasing feature in October 2003, which infers that new ideas of energy loss process are required in the dynamics of low energy radiation belt electrons.
REPRODUCIBILITY OF NOCTURNAL BLOOD PRESSURE FALL IN EARLY PHASES OF UNTREATED ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cuspidi, Cesare; Meani, S; Salerno, M; Valerio, C; Fusi, V; Severgnini, B; Magrini, F; Zanchetti, A; Lonati, L Author Information
56. The Efficacy of Replicating Virotherapy for Tumors Involves a Complex Equilibrium between Virus, Tumor and the Immune System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Killing of tumor cells by replicating oncolytic viruses should provide an abundant source of tumor antigens for cross priming of host immune cells. However, anti-viral immune responses will also be induced. Therefore, it is unclear whether the local killing of tumors by oncolytic viruses will be of immunotherapeutic benefit, or hindrance, to the generation of effective anti tumor immunity. We investigated where the equilibrium between viral replication, tumor cell killing and immune reactivity (to both tumor and viral antigens) lies when tumors are undergoing effective oncolytic virotherapy. Using a model in which direct intratumoral injection of established B16ova melanomas with replicating Vesicular Stomatitis Virus cures about 50% of C57BL/6 immunocompetent mice (n=8-10), extensive anti viral immune responses were generated. However, using ELISPOT, intracellular cytokines and in vivo CFSE T cell proliferation assays, we observed that intratumoral virotherapy can indeed prime naive T cells against a defined tumor antigen. These data suggest that additional approaches designed to increase the frequency of activated T cells against the tumor would increase the efficiency of oncolytic virotherapy. Therefore, we combined oncolytic virotherapy with either depletion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells or with adoptive transfer of activated T cells specific for a tumor antigen. We observed decreased therapy in the absence of Treg, associated with a more rapid clearance of virus replication in the treated tumor. In contrast, ongoing local virotherapy increases the attraction of activated T cells to the tumor site by over 4 fold relative to control tumors, translating into significant improvement in therapy of established disease over either virotherapy or adoptive T cell transfer therapy, alone. Taken together, our data show that immune interventions which prolong local viral replication, and/or enhance frequencies of tumor specific T cells, should have significant therapeutic impacts both against the local, injected tumor and against systemic metatstatic disease not accessible to direct viral injection.
New tests of optimality in Markov decision processes

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Presents some new results on detection of optimal and non-optimal actions in Markov decision processes. In the discounted case the author provides two new tests to eliminate non-optimal actions and to keep optimal actions. These two conditions are direct extensions of similar conditions in the average cost case. The author then derives a new MacQueen type test for action elimination in the average cost case.< >
Tetracycline

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The tetracyclines are a group of compounds with broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity against a diverse range of gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria. Most of the important tetracyclines are bacteriostatic in vitro, inhibiting cell growth by reversibly binding ribosomes and inhibiting protein synthesis. The first tetracycline, aureomycin, was discovered by a plant pathologist, B.M. Duggar, in the late 1940s. The use of oxytetracycline for plant disease control began in the early 1950s with the introduction of Agrimycin.
Design of an Exponential Current Generator for Neural Stimulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a new exponential current generation circuit design for neural stimulation. The use of exponential output current can improve the power efficiency. The proposed exponential current generator is designed based on the Taylor series approximation, which can produce the continuous-time exponential decaying current with improved dynamic range and accuracy. The circuit is designed based on 180 nm CMOS process in Cadence. Simulation results show the relative error is smaller than 1% when the pulse width is 700 μs. The maximum current decaying dynamic ratio of the stimulator is 11.96 dB, which is improved by 2.3 times compared with similar neural stimulators.