jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Increase of serum high-density lipoprotein in phenytoin users.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

99with metastases of the first metatarsal and proximal phalanx, while Bright and Wilkie4 reported involvement of the talus and four metatarsals by metastatic transitional cell carcinoma.Gall et a12 in their series included a case in which there was involvement of the calcanium, fifth metatarsal, and fifth phalanx by metastatic squamous carcinoma.In our case 11 of the foot bones were partly or completely affected by metastatic carcinoma, this being the first report of such massive metastatic disease of the foot.Although foot pain is very common, this case shows that it may be a presenting sign of occult visceral carcinoma and an initial radiograph of the foot may not show evidence of metastatic carcinoma.We are indebted to Mrs W Jones for secretarial help.
Gold nanoparticle‐based brachytherapy enhancement in choroidal melanoma using a full Monte Carlo model of the human eye

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effects of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in 125 I brachytherapy dose enhancement on choroidal melanoma are examined using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. Usually, Monte Carlo ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry is performed in a water phantom. However, here, the compositions of human eye have been considered instead of water. Both human eye and water phantoms have been simulated with MCNP5 code. These simulations were performed for a fully loaded 16 mm COMS eye plaque containing 13 125 I seeds. The dose delivered to the tumor and normal tissues have been calculated in both phantoms with and without GNPs. Normally, the radiation therapy of cancer patients is designed to deliver a required dose to the tumor while sparing the surrounding normal tissues. However, as the normal and cancerous cells absorbed dose in an almost identical fashion, the normal tissue absorbed radiation dose during the treatment time. The use of GNPs in combination with radiotherapy in the treatment of tumor decreases the absorbed dose by normal tissues. The results indicate that the dose to the tumor in an eyeball implanted with COMS plaque increases with increasing GNPs concentration inside the target. Therefore, the required irradiation time for the tumors in the eye is decreased by adding the GNPs prior to treatment. As a result, the dose to normal tissues decreases when the irradiation time is reduced. Furthermore, a comparison between the simulated data in an eye phantom made of water and eye phantom made of human eye composition, in the presence of GNPs, shows the significance of utilizing the composition of eye in ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry Also, defining the eye composition instead of water leads to more accurate calculations of GNPs radiation effects in ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry. PACS number: 87.53.Jw, 87.85.Rs, 87.10.Rt
The Composition of Home Health Care Expenditure Growth

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

During the period 1980 to 1985, growth in the number of persons served by Medicare home health was the largest source of growth in Medicare home health expenditures. Population growth was in part responsible for the increase in beneficiaries using Medicare home health, but more important was growth in the number of persons served per 1000 elderly population. Cost per person served increased only moderately once input price changes are accounted for. Nevertheless, we recommend that cost-containment efforts focus on cost per visit and per case, because restrictions on persons served are likely to limit Medicare beneficiaries' access to needed, covered care.
Recent Progress and Perspective in Pure Water‐Fed Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Although anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) is an emerging device in the green hydrogen production industry, the use of alkaline electrolyte tackles the practicality due to the issues of lowering system efficiency and environmental impacts. State‐of‐the‐art technology using pure water as an electrolyte is advancing to overcome the current challenges of AEMWE. In particular, the development of this technology requires a comprehensive evaluation of techno‐economic aspects, aiming to balance innovation with cost considerations. This involves the critical development of advanced catalysts, membranes, and devices designed for efficiency, as well as assessing their economic viability amidst prevailing technological challenges. This review delves into the timely technical challenges of developing pure water‐fed AEMWE, highlights current progress and research prospects, and suggests opportunities for advancing AEMWE technology. This review also emphasizes the importance of advanced characterization techniques for effective analysis and evaluation in this context.
Optimal durations of paid family and medical leave to support health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the impact of paid family and medical leave durations on the health outcomes of employees and their families. Using previous literature and relevant studies, we aimed to formulate evidence-based recommendations for the duration of paid family and medical leave that would promote optimal health outcomes. \nMETHODS: PubMed was utilized to identify relevant literature. The concept of paid leave was organized into four main categories: maternity leave, parental leave, personal medical leave, and leave for children’s health needs. Literature searching, data abstraction, and analyses were performed. Weekly discussions with the Medical Decision Points team were also conducted to finalize article selection, organization, and data analysis. \nRESULTS: Maternal mental health and breastfeeding continuation were positively associated with maternity (i.e., maternal disability) leave durations of 12 to 16 weeks and longer. Infant morbidity and mortality, vaccination uptake rate, breastfeeding continuation all improved with up to six months of parental (i.e., parent bonding) leave. There was limited evidence regarding personal medical leave and leave for children’s health needs. Typical durations of hospitalization, recovery, work and school absence were analyzed to formulate appropriate paid leave durations. \nCONCLUSION: Evidence suggests that the 12 weeks of unpaid leave offered by the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) is inadequate in providing employees and their families with health sustaining benefits. We recommend at least four months of paid maternity leave and six months of paid parental leave for each new child. We also recommend up to six months of paid personal medical leave for each serious illness and at least six weeks (for up to six months) of paid family leave for each child’s serious illness, with substantial flexibility to account for both acute illness requiring sustained care and recovery periods requiring more intermittent care.
Localized Particle Concentration Measurement in Slurry Flows Using A-Scan Ultrasound Technique

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the design of slurry transport equipment, the effects of solid particle concentration on hydraulic performance and wear have to be considered. This study involves examining the acoustic properties of slurry flows such as velocity, backscatter and attenuation as a function of volume fraction of solid particles. Ultrasound A-mode imaging method is developed to obtain particle concentration in a flow of soda lime glass particles (diameter of 200 micron) and water slurry in a 1″ diameter pipe. Based on the acoustic properties of the slurry a technique is developed to measure local solid particle concentrations. The technique is used to obtain concentration profiles in homogeneous (vertical flow) and non-homogeneous (horizontal flow) slurry flows with solid particle concentrations ranging from 1–10% by volume. The algorithm developed utilizes the power spectrum and attenuation measurements obtained from the homogeneous loop as calibration data in order to obtain concentration profiles in other (i.e. non-homogenous) flow regimes. A computational study using FLUENT was performed and a comparison is made with the experimental results. A reasonable agreement between the experimental and computational results is observed.
Fractal Gravitation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Considering the GAIA data for {$\approx 10^6$} stars around the {barycenter,} we estimate the fractal dimension for different regions in the Milky Way. Then we use those fractal dimensions to calculate the gravitational potential considering the medium as a continuous fractal. Finally, {we use the gravitational potential to infer} the circular velocity {and adjust} rotation curves in the Milky Way. {For this,} we use two numerical models, the first considering uniform density and a second more realistic of a bulge and a disk. In none of these models we consider dark matter. We study their validity comparing them with circular speed data from the Milky Way.
Systems Challenges in Accessing Medicines among Children under Thailand’s Universal Health Coverage: A Qualitative Study of a Provincial Public Hospital Network

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Lack of access to child-appropriate medicines results in off-label use. This study aimed to explore medicine management for paediatric patients and to highlight the challenges of the healthcare system under the universal health coverage of Thailand. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 healthcare practitioners working in the public hospital network of Chiang Mai province from February to September 2020. Participants were asked about their experiences in managing the medicine supply for children. Findings revealed that paediatric patients had limited access to age-appropriate medicines. Children’s medicines are rarely selected for inclusion into hospital formularies because of constraining regulations and limited budgets. Additionally, child-appropriate formulations are unavailable on the market. Pharmaceutical compounding is unavoidable. Prepared products are provided weekly or monthly because of product stability concerns. Often, tablets are dispensed, and caregivers are instructed to cut up a tablet and disperse it in syrup in order to obtain a smaller dose in a dosage form appropriate for children to use at home. Without systematic support, access to safe and quality medicines for children is limited.
Impact of Intensive Care Unit Discharge Delay on Liver Transplantation Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: For general intensive care unit (ICU) patients, ICU discharge delay (ICUDD) has been associated with an increased hospital length of stay (LOS) and the acquisition of multi-resistant organism (MRO) infections. The impact of ICUDD on liver transplant (LT) recipients is unknown. Methods: We retrospectively studied consecutive adult LT between 2011 and 2019. ICUDD was defined as >8 h between a patient being cleared for discharge to ward and the patient leaving the ICU. Results: 550 patients received LT and the majority (68.5%) experienced ICUDD. The median time between clearance for ward and the patient leaving the ICU was 25.6 h. No donor or recipient variables were associated with ICUDD. Patients cleared for discharge early in the week (Sunday-Tuesday) and those discharged outside routine work hours were more likely to experience ICUDD (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The median hospital LOS was identical (18 days, p = 0.96) and there were no differences in other patient outcomes. Patients who became colonized with MRO in the ICU spent a longer time there compared to those who remained MRO-free (9 vs. 6 days, p < 0.001); however, this was not due to ICUDD. Conclusion: ICUDD post-LT is common and does not prolong hospital LOS. ICUDD is not associated with adverse patient outcomes or MRO colonization.
Private Set Intersection for Unequal Set Sizes with Mobile Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Private set intersection (PSI) is a cryptographic technique that is applicable to many privacy-sensitive scenarios. For decades, researchers have been focusing on improving its efficiency in both communication and computation. However, most of the existing solutions are inefficient for an unequal number of inputs, which is common in conventional client-server settings. In this paper, we analyze and optimize the efficiency of existing PSI protocols to support precomputation so that they can efficiently deal with such input sets. We transform four existing PSI protocols into the precomputation form such that in the setup phase the communication is linear only in the size of the larger input set, while in the online phase the communication is linear in the size of the smaller input set. We implement all four protocols and run experiments between two PCs and between a PC and a smartphone and give a systematic comparison of their performance. Our experiments show that a protocol based on securely evaluating a garbled AES circuit achieves the fastest setup time by several orders of magnitudes, and the fastest online time in the PC setting where AES-NI acceleration is available. In the mobile setting, the fastest online time is achieved by a protocol based on the Diffie-Hellman assumption.
Balbiani's vitelline body in the oocytes of vitellogenic and nonvitellogenic females of the domestic fowl: a correlative cytological and histochemical study.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A cytological and histochemical study has been made of Balbiani's vitelline body in the oocytes of nonvitellogenic and vitellogenic females of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus), which consists of yolk nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi bodies and lipid bodies of diverse nature. The yolk nucleus consisting of RNA, protein and lipoprotein shows the greatest development and morphological complexity in the growing oocytes of vitellogenic females. Its possible significance has been discussed in relation, to the variable metabolism and hormonal status of the female during sexual maturation.
Implementasi Experiential Learning pada Materi Energi dan Perubahannya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Experiential learning can help the learning process and provide a unique touch in the learning process. The application of experiential leaning models using self-created and designed learning media can help students in finding concepts independently. This research uses two types of media, namely simple props and PhET simulations, so it is hoped that students can learn according to the framework of experiential learning by finding their own concepts based on experience. This research uses a type of design research (Design Based Research), which aims to solve a complex problem and develop knowledge about a characteristic of the related product, using a semi-qualitative approach. This study involved 23 students of class VII of SMP Negeri in Pademawu, Pamekasan. Data collection techniques in this study used observation and surveys. The results of data analysis showed that the use of simple props received a good response from students and received a very decent response from validators. Keywords: experiential learning, learning process, teaching aid
Productivity of cultures from secondary colonies of streptomycetes producing anthracycline antibiotics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract At late stages of development of surface cultures streptomycetes producing anthracycline antibiotics were shown to form secondary colonies on P RIDHAM & G OTTLIEB ' S medium with xylose. Stable variants obtained from them possessed an increased biological activity (by a factor of 2–3 times) due to the accumulation of amounts of antibiotically active anthracyclines.
zCoinfections by Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in necropsied dogs from the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The present paper is aimed to determine the presence of antibodies for Leishmania infantum, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) in dogs (n=78) from the central region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul necropsied in the Veterinary Hospital from Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). The data was evaluated regarding epidemiological, anatomic, and histopathologic findings. Of the total animals evaluated, 67.9% (53/78) showed seropositivity for at least one agent. The occurrence of antibodies to L. infantum, N. caninum and T. gondii was 33.3% (26/78) 37.1% (29/78) and 43.5% (34/78), respectively. The mono infections were detected in 9.4% (5/53) of L. infantum, 18.8% (10/53) for N. caninum and 20.7% (11/53) T. gondii. The coinfections occurred in 50.9% (27/53) of animals. There were not anatomical and histopathological lesions regarding these surveyed agents, characterizing them as subclinical animals. The results confirmed the exposition of dogs to these protozoa in the central region of the RS, highlighting the circulation of the causer agent of leishmaniasis in an area considered harmless for the disease.
Capitalocene, clichés, and critical re-enchantment. What Akomfrah’sVertigo Seadoes through BBC nature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the montage of archival and original material that makes up John Akomfrah's three-channel video work Vertigo Sea (2015), the frequent use of footage shot by BBCs Natural History Unit (producers of series like Planet Earth) stands out as an unusual choice. This article explores aesthetic-political implications of how this material is subtly repurposed, with focus on one of the interconnected issues dealt with in the work: nature and the Capitaloscene. What does Vertigo Sea do to and through these BBC nature images? Which artistic strategies are involved and for which ends? Is the kind of ecological pathos already framing the original material itself critically transformed and if so in which senses? Does Vertigo Sea merely go for a reproduction of the natural beauty often attributed to original material, and as simply juxtaposed with terrible images, or does the repurposing also entail an alteration of the very notion of natural beauty? This article critically explores all these questions mainly through the frameworks of Situationist détournement, Deleuze's ideas about art and clichés, and Adorno's notions of authentic art, re-enchantment, and natural beauty—frameworks that are conversely critically discussed through Vertigo Sea. It aims to reveal Vertigo Sea as on the one hand an experiment in finding vital artistic strategies for re-enchanting (in non-idealizing ways) planetary nature in the Capitalocene, and as on the on the other hand a thematization of the difficulties in doing so. While appearing among a contemporary art scene increasingly concerned with local and/or global relations having to do with ecology in this new era, Vertigo Sea presents us with a highly original case primarily through its unusual choice of main source material and its complex treatment of this material.
[Role of taurine in neutrophil function].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The influence of taurine on neutrophil phagocytic and bactericidal capacities and lysosomal enzyme-releasing ability was evaluated in the present study using neutrophils obtained from casein-elicited rat peritoneal exudates. Taurine was dissolved in drinking water at a concentration of 0.3%, and the solution was given to rats for 1-21 days (460 mg/kg/day). Taurine concentration in the serum increased with the term of its administration, while in the neutrophils, it increased significantly after administration for 1 or 3 days. When administered for 7 or 10 days, however, no difference was noted from the control group, but then the concentration remarkably increased after 21 days of administration. The bactericidal capacity of the neutrophils against Escherichia coli was strengthened as their concentration of taurine increased; phagocytic capacity was also strengthened. The release of myeloperoxidase following phagocytosis of yeasts increased with administration, while the release of beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme and lactate dehydrogenase, which are induced by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, were inhibited. The hypotonic hemolysis of erythrocytes was also inhibited. Taurine decreased the fluorescence depolarization of diphenylhexatriene, indicating an increase in membrane fluidity. These results suggested that taurine strengthens both phagocytic and bactericidal capacities of neutrophils by increasing the fluidity of neutrophil membrane and membrane stability and thus plays an important role in the mechanism of host defense.
Analisis Perhitungan Efektivitas Mesin Mobile Crusher Menggunakan Metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Di PT. X

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

PT. X is a manufacturing company that produces cram rubber. One of the production processes that need attention is the milling process on mobile crusher machines. Machine is the highest support in the activities of a company, if the machine used in the production process is damaged it will cause a cessation of the production process. To maintain the condition of the machine, a good and appropriate care and maintenance system is needed so as to increase the effectiveness of the machine/equipment. The aim of this study is to analyze OEE calculations and identify factors that occur in mobile crusher machines based on the Six Big Losses at PT. X. OEE is a method that measures the level of effectiveness in the use of a machine by taking into account several points of view in the measurement process. The results of the study, it show the average of OEE value for mobile crusher machine during the June 2021 – July 2022 is 82,021% which shows that the machine’s ability to achieve targets and achieve effective use of machines is in the medium category, so improvements are needed to increase the OEE value to reach ideal conditions (≥85%). Meanwhile, the dominant type of waste is reduced speed losses. Keywords: Mobile Crusher Machine, Overall Equipment Effectiveness, Six Big Losses
Further increasing nitrogen concentration does not enhance the denitrification and DNRA potentials in eutrophic reefs: Insights from the differences in benthic categories

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Low nitrogen (N) availability is critical to coral health and resilience. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes, such as denitrification, anammox, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), play a vital role in regulating seawater N content. Thus, quantifying the rates of these processes is essential for assessing the overall health and recovery potential of N‐enriched coral reefs. However, the diversity and complexity of benthic categories in coral reefs severely limit our understanding of the overall nitrate reduction capacity of these ecosystems. To address this, we utilized the 15 N isotope tracing technique to assess denitrification, anammox, and DNRA for various benthic categories, including live corals, turf algae, sediments, biogenic rock, and coral rubble in the coral reefs of Weizhou Island. Our findings indicate that, except for sediments, the denitrification potential (0.1–5.6 mmol N m −2 d −1 ) significantly exceeded that of DNRA (0.1–1.8 mmol N m −2 d −1 ), while anammox (0.01–0.10 mmol N m −2 d −1 ) was negligible. There was a significant difference in denitrification rate among benthic categories, with massive corals Galaxea fascicularis and biogenic rock exhibiting the highest rate. Extrapolated to the respective reef area, both live corals and biogenic rock contributed the most to the integrated rates of denitrification and DNRA (27–41%). However, no significant change in the rate was observed when the nitrate concentration increased from 10 to 20 μ M. Consequently, it is crucial to strictly control N emissions in N‐enriched reefs impacted by human activities, while also prioritizing the protection of benthic categories that significantly contribute to denitrification.