jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus isolation from nasal swab samples in cattle with signs of respiratory tract disease after shipping

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Objective To monitor the prevailing viral respiratory tract infections in cattle after transportation to feedlots. Animals 100 cattle with signs of respiratory tract disease on arrival at 2 feedlots. Procedures Nasal swab samples were obtained from each animal and were used for inoculation of defined cell culture systems that detected bovine viruses known to cause respiratory tract infections, as well as viruses previously not recognized as respiratory pathogens for cattle. Results Bovine respiratory coronaviruses were isolated from 38 of the 100 cattle, including 6 of 50 cattle from California, 22 of 31 cattle from Oklahoma, 6 of 11 cattle from Texas, and 4 of 8 cattle of unknown origin. Parainfluenza 3 viruses also were isolated from 4 California cattle, but other bovine viruses were not detected. Clinical Implications The high rate of coronavirus isolations from feedlot cattle with signs of respiratory tract disease implied wide distribution and high susceptibility among cattle to this infection, which had not been detected by use of viral isolation systems in previous etiologic evaluations of feedlot cattle affected with bovine respiratory disease complex. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 208:1452-1455)
Concerning the Relationship Between Protein Synthesis and Adenosine-3', 5'- Cyclic Phosphate-Stimulated Steroidogenesis in Isolated Rat Adrenal Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Inhibitors of protein synthesis decrease protein synthesis in isolated rat adrenal cells to a greater extent than they decrease adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphate (cyclic AMP)-stimulated steroidogenesis. At low concentrations of the inhibitors, varying degrees of recovery of the rate of steroidogenesis occurs with increasing time of incubation. As the concentration is increased, the time required to achieve any recovery of the rate of steroidogenesis increases and the extent of recovery decreases. The recovery also depends on the amount of cyclic AMP present. During the process of recovery the inhibition of protein synthesis continues in a linear manner. An explanation consistent with these data involves a rapidly turningover protein, the concentration of which is independent of the level of cyclic AMP present. However, the extent of transformation of this protein to an active form depends on the concentration of cyclic AMP.
Consensus statement on generalized anxiety disorder from the International Consensus Group on Depression and Anxiety.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

GAD is the most common anxiety disorder in primary care and is highly debilitating. Furthermore, it is frequently comorbid with depression and other anxiety disorders, which exacerbates functional impairment. Antidepressants (serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and nonsedating tricyclic antidepressants) are generally the most appropriate first-line pharmacotherapy for GAD, since they are also effective against comorbid psychiatric disorders and are suitable for long-term use. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the preferred form of psychotherapy for GAD, although when GAD is comorbid with depression, pharmacotherapy is increasingly indicated.
Efficient Transfection of Blood−Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells by Lipoplexes and Polyplexes in the Presence of Nuclear Targeting NLS-PEG-Acridine Conjugates

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Brain capillary endothelial cells of the blood−brain barrier (BBB) are difficult targets for nonviral transfection even for the most potent transfection agents. Efficient protection and nuclear delivery of plasmid DNA are the key requirements for enhancing the transfection. We designed novel DNA intercalating conjugates of PEG−tris(acridine) with a short nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptide and investigated the effect of their complexes with luciferase-encoded plasmid DNA on lipoplex- and polyplex-mediated transfection of murine brain capillary endothelial bEnd.3 cells. These intercalation complexes protected DNA from nucleolytic degradation forming a protective PEG layer around plasmid DNA and could be efficiently condensed by Lipofectamine2000 or Exgen500 into nanosized particles. Complexation of plasmid DNA with a PEG-acridine/NLS-PEG-acridine mixture (9:1 w/w), taken in an amount equal to 5−6 NLS peptides per DNA molecule, significantly enhanced both lipo- and polyplex transfection efficacies and increased the number of transfected bEnd.3 endothelial cells in the presence of serum. Comparative transgene expression efficiency was significantly higher at longer PEG linker and optimal conjugate-to-DNA weight ratio, especially, at lower N/P ratio for both transfection agents, reaching 15−16-fold for lipoplexes and 10−11-fold for polyplexes. In addition, the NLS-PEG-acridine conjugates did not increase cytotoxicity of lipoplexes and polyplexes to bEnd.3 cells. These conjugates can serve as promising components for development of systemic nonviral transfecting approach to the transfection of the BBB and temporary modulation of its drug permeability.
Partial purification of dopamine D2 receptors using lectin affinity columns

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dopamine D2 receptors, detected by [3H]spiperone Dopamine D2 receptors, detected by [3H]spiperone binding, were solubilized from bovine caudate nucleus by cholate/sodium chloride and were found to bind to wheat germ agglutinin immobilized on agarose. Specific elution could be achieved with N-acetylglucosamine whereas other sugars tested were inactive in this regard. The eluted preparation was enriched in solubilized receptors about sevenfold. The pharmaco-logical properties of the preparation were essentially unchanged by the lectin affinity purification procedure. The D2 dopamine receptor is therefore a glycoprotein. binding, were solubilized from bovine caudate nucJeus by cholate/sodium chloride and were found to bind to wheat germ agglutinin immobilized on agarose. Specific elution could be achieved with N-acetylglucosamine whereas other sugars tested were inactive in this regard. The eluted preparation was enriched in solubilized receptors about sevenfold. The pharmacological properties of the preparation were essentially unchanged by the lectin affinity purification procedure. The D2 dopamine receptor is therefore a glycoprotein.
Morphological peculiarates of gastritis in patients with chronic gastric erosions and bi-liary tract disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Article presents the morphological peculiarates of gastritis in patients with erosions with biliary tract disease in comparison with patients with gastric erosions and duodenal ulcer disease and chronic gastritis. It is revealed, that patients with gastric erosions and biliary tract diseases are characterized by bigger spreading of gastritis: inflammation, activity, atro-phy, intestinal metaplasia with predominant small intestine in gastric body, intestine metaplasia in antral part of the stomach is revealed more frequently inthese category of patients.
Antibiotics for sore throats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

hospitals.In some hospitals induction for growth retardation is performed only after antenatal cardiotocography has shown some abnormality of the fetal heart rate.3As the oxytocin stress test becomes more routine, the risks of inadvertent induction of antepartum haemorrhage in unsuspected cases of placenta praevia increase.In view of the danger of producing haemorrhage it would be advan- tageous not to perform an oxytocin stress test on patients in whom placenta praevia is suspected.
Head Injury, Concussion and Dementia - The Deadly Triad

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The link between head injury and Alzheimer's disease is a contentious and evolving topic of debate.With the recent death from dementia of several former members of England's 1966 Football World Cup winning team, there is an increasing focus on the long-term consequences of sports related head injury.Much of the emphasis has been on the impact of concussion on the health and welfare of athletes.This article will explore the effect of mild to severe traumatic brain injury and its connection with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE).The latter was diagnosed in more than a hundred former National Football League (NFL) players.We will scrutinize current literature from dementia studies that has suggested racial and ethnic differences in the trends in dementia prevalence.More funding is required to support further research into the link between Alzheimer's disease and sports participation with the goal of prevention.
Flavonol Glycosides of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides ssp. sinensis) and Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) Are Bioavailable in Humans and Monoglucuronidated for Excretion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glucuronidation and excretion of sea buckthorn and lingonberry flavonols were investigated in a postprandial trial by analyzing the intact forms of flavonol glycosides as well as glucuronides in plasma, urine, and feces. Four study subjects consumed sea buckthorn (study day 1) and lingonberry (study day 2) breakfasts, and blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected for 8, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Both glycosides and glucuronides of the flavonol quercetin as well as kaempferol glucuronides were detected in urine and plasma samples after the consumption of lingonberries; 14% of flavonols in urine were glycosides, and 86% were glucuronidated forms (wt %). After the consumption of sea buckthorn, 5% of flavonols excreted in urine were detected intact, and 95% as the glucuronides (wt %). Solely glucuronides of flavonols isorhamnetin and quercetin were found in plasma after the consumption of sea buckthorn berries. Only glycosides were detected in the feces after each berry trial. Flavonol glycosides and glucuronides remained in blood and urine quite long, and the peak concentrations appeared slightly later than previously described. The berries seemed to serve as a good flavonol supply, providing steady flavonol input for the body for a relatively long time.
Contact inhibition, polyribosomes, and cell surface membranes in cultured mammalian cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract An “overlay” method for rapidly and synchronously inducing contact inhibition in normal cultured cells has been developed. Using this method, disaggregation of cytoplasmic polyribosomes has been observed to occur within a matter of hours after overlay, followed by a decrease in cellular ribosomal RNA. Polysome disaggregation was influenced by the extent of cell‐cell interaction and was inhibited by pretreatment of overlay cells with cycloheximide. Treatment of underlay cells with cytosine arabinoside also induced polysome disaggregation, but only after an appreciable lag as compared to that observed in overlaid cultures. Disaggregation could be induced by this method in cultured cells derived from normal tissue but not in cells derived from cancerous tissue. Polysome synthesis in growing “normal” cells (as measured by incorporation of tracer uridine into RNA) was markedly decreased when a cell surface membrane preparation was added to cultures.
A RIFFLE STABILITY INDEX TO EVALUATE SEDIMENT LOADING TO STREAMS1

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Riffles in moderately entrenched stream reaches with gradients of 2 percent to 4 percent that have received excessive sediment from upstream have a distinctly different and higher proportion of smaller mobile particles than riffles in systems that are in dynamic equilibrium. The mobile fraction on the riffle can be estimated by comparing the relative abundance of various particle sizes present on the riffle with the dominant large particles on an adjacent bar. Riffle particles smaller than the dominant large particles on the bar are interpreted as mobile. The mobile percentile of particles on the riffle is termed “Riffle Stability Index” (RSI) and provides a useful estimate of the degree of increased sediment supply to riffles in mountain streams. The RSI addresses situations in which increases in gravel bedload from headwaters activities is depositing material on riffles and filling pools, and it reflects qualitative differences between reference and managed watersheds. The RSI correlates well with other measures of stream channel physical condition, such as V and the results of fish habitat surveys. Thus, it can be used as an indicator of stream reach and watershed condition and also of aquatic habitat quality.
Development of computer aided classroom teaching system based on machine learning prediction and artificial intelligence KNN algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the continuous development of science and technology, computer-aided teaching has become a common mode of school teaching. From the current situation, it can be seen that the current computer-aided teaching mostly replaces the traditional teaching mode with multimedia, and does not play the role of functional teaching, and teachers cannot effectively grasp the students’ psychological thoughts in teaching. Based on this, this study combines machine learning prediction and artificial intelligence KNN algorithm to actual teaching. Moreover, this study collects video and instructional images for student feature behavior recognition, and distinguishes individual features from group feature recognition, and can detect student expression recognition in detail. In addition, this study designed a case study to analyze the performance of the algorithm. From the experimental results, it can be seen that the proposed algorithm has certain effects and can be used as an algorithm to assist the teaching process and can provide theoretical reference for subsequent related research.
Competence of future teachers in the digital security area

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Technology and Internet use poses digital security problems and risks. This article presents the results of a study evaluating the digital competence of preservice teachers within the DigCompEdu European framework. A group of 317 undergraduates from Spain and Portugal completed a 59-item questionnaire validated by experts to assess the level and predominant competence profile in initial training (including knowledge, uses and interactions, and attitudinal patterns). The results show that 47% of the participants fit the profile of teachers at medium-level digital risk; that is, they engage in habitual practices that involve risks such as sharing information and digital content inappropriately, not using strong passwords, and ignoring concepts such as digital identity, digital “footprint,” and digital reputation. The average values obtained for each item in the seven categories show that preservice teachers have medium-level competence in digital security. These individuals have good attitudes toward security but less knowledge and fewer skills and practices for safe, responsible Internet use. The study proposes future lines of research to respond to the demand for a better-prepared, more digitally competent citizenry. The demand for education in security, privacy, and digital identity is becoming increasingly important, and these elements form an essential part of initial training.
Combining remote sensing surveys, digital and in situ field trips in higher education geology classroom

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The OceanField project is an integrated field-work and classroom-based course offered to first year Master students in Marine Geosciences (at the European Institute for Marine Studies IUEM − University of Brest), creating a synergy between (1) geology field class, (2) photogrammetric data acquisition and (3) data processing to produce digital terrain models, enabling the immersive experience to be extended in a digital working environment once back in class. In this way, the students experiment different approaches for observing and analysing the structure, geometry and nature of a past oceanic domain in the Alps, and gain an understanding of how it works (from its birth to its disappearance). At the same time, participating in the acquisition and processing of photogrammetric data, students acquire new technical skills. By not only being immersed in the virtual environment, but also contributing to its creation, students are involved in the various stages of the data lifecycle. As a result, they become more aware of multiscale data quality and of the opportunities offered by virtual environment accuracy.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Double‐Headed Epoxysuccinyl Activity‐Based Probes for Selective Targeting of Papain Family Cysteine Proteases

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Checking out cathepsins. A solid-phase protocol was devised in order to synthesize activity-based probes (1) that contain peptides on both ends of an epoxysuccinyl moiety. The feasibility of this strategy was illustrated by the synthesis of selective probes for cathepsin B, one of the major lysosomal Papain family cysteine proteases.
Effect of Phytic Acid on the Hydrolysis of Lactose withβ-Galactosidase

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The effects of phytate on the hydrolysis of lactose with β-galactosidases from bovine liver and Escherichia coli were investigated. The activities of both β-galactosidases were decreased to the same extent by increased concentrations of phytate. The rates of inhibition of β-galactosidase activity from E. coli in a reaction mixture containing 10 mm of phytate were 78.9% and 64.4%, respectively, in the absence of and with 4 mm of Mg2 +. Therefore, it was found that the stimulatory effect of Mg2+ was hardly affected by the presence of phytate in the range from 2 to 10 mm. The β-galactosidase activity was also not influenced by preincubating β-galactosidase or lactose with phytate. Kinetic studies showed that the inhibition of β-galactosidase activity by phytate was of an uncompetitive type with a Ki value of 3.46 mm. Therefore, it is considered that phytate may interact with a complex of ß-galactosidase and lactose.
The Investigation and Analysis of the Clinical Medical Students' Opinions towards the Medical Education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The clinical medical students are the reserve strength of the clinicians in the future,who inherit the modern medicine and make it develop and progress constantly.The medical education is the significant method of cultivating the clinicians.Good medical education paves the way for the work in the future of clinical medical students and also lays a solid foundation for the development of medicine.Therefore,it has the vital effects to know the clinical medical students' opinions towards the medical education.The article elaborated the problems about the medical education and tabled our own proposals via clearing the clinical medical students' attitudes towards the medical teaching and practice,the students' learning style and learning goal and the students' cognitions about the professional ability and the professionalism.
Selected Key External Factors Influencing the Success of Rural Small and Medium Enterprises in South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Small businesses are critical to improving economic development in rural areas of South Africa. However, rural entrepreneurs are still faced with challenges and problems which make the success of small businesses, especially in rural areas, uncertain. This paper investigates business environmental, financial and infrastructural factors that influence the success or otherwise of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in rural areas. Primary data was collected in five rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) from a sample of 374 business owners/managers, with respondents completing a questionnaire. Access to finance and skills shortages were the factors that most significantly differentiated between more successful and less successful rural businesses in KZN. The majority of respondents indicated that poor roads/transport and access to electricity were major problems.
Improved localization, spectral quality, and repeatability with advanced MRS methodology in the clinical setting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose To investigate the utility of an advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) protocol in the clinical setting, and to compare the localization accuracy, spectral quality, and quantification repeatability between this advanced and the conventional vendor‐provided MRS protocol on a clinical 3T platform. Methods Proton spectra were measured from the posterior cingulate cortices in 30 healthy elderly subjects by clinical MR technologists using a vendor‐provided (point resolved spectroscopy with advanced 3D gradient‐echo B 0 shimming) and an advanced (semi‐LASER with FAST(EST)MAP shimming) protocol, in random order. Spectra were quantified with LCModel using standard pipelines for the clinical and research settings, respectively. Results The advanced protocol outperformed the vendor‐provided protocol in localization accuracy (chemical‐shift‐displacement error: 2.0%/ppm, semi‐LASER versus 11.6%/ppm, point resolved spectroscopy), spectral quality (water linewidth: 6.1 ± 1.8 Hz, FAST(EST)MAP versus 10.5 ± 3.7 Hz, 3D gradient echo; P < 7e‐6; residual water: 0.08 ± 0.12%, VAPOR versus 0.45 ± 0.50%, WET; P < 2e‐5) and within‐session repeatability of metabolite concentrations, particularly of low signal‐to‐noise ratio data with two to eight averages (test‐retest coefficients of variance of metabolite concentrations, P < 0.01). Concentrations of J ‐coupled metabolites such as γ‐aminobutyric acid and glutamate were biased when using the default pipeline with simulated macromolecules. Conclusions The quality of MRS data can be improved using advanced acquisition and analysis protocols on standard 3T hardware in the clinical setting, which can facilitate robust applications in central nervous system diseases. Magn Reson Med 79:1241–1250, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
No-Show Rates in Employed Otolaryngology Practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To report baseline no-show rates in the hospital-employed otolaryngology practice setting and to identify factors that may affect clinic show rates that are targets for potential improvement. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Methods: Electronic medical records from October 2012 through July 2014 of a hospital-employed otolaryngology practice were reviewed. Patients were classified by insurance type: commercial, Medicare, Medicaid, and self-pay. Clinic visits were classified as new patient, follow-up, or postoperative. No-show rates were tabulated for each type of clinic visit and compared. Factors to improve no-show rates are discussed. Results: There was an overall no-show rate of 8.3% for 5817 scheduled clinic visits. Among visit types, follow-up visits had the highest no-show rates. Among insurance types, Medicaid had the highest no-show rates. New patient Medicaid patients, follow-up Medicaid patients, and follow-up commercial insurance patients had the highest rate of no-shows among visit/insurance type combinations. Persistent reminders are a key factor in improving rate of clinic visit adherence. Conclusion: A previously unreported baseline no-show rate was established for hospital-employed otolaryngology clinics. The utilization of repeated, live-person reminders to mitigate the impact of clinic no-show rates needs to be further investigated.