jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Biodegradation of Poly(alkylcyanoacrylates)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Historical Outline Synthesis and Purification of Alkylcyanoacrylate Monomers Polymer Synthesis General Considerations Bulk Polymerization Polymerization in Organic Solvents Emulsion Polymerization: Preparation of Matricial PACA Nanoparticles (Nanospheres) Interfacial Polymerization: Preparation of Reservoir‐Type PACA Nanoparticles (Nanocapsules) Synthesis of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Containing PACA Segments World Market Characterization and Methods of Analysis Stability and Mechanism of Degradation Toxicity Application of PACA in the Design of Drug Delivery Systems Use of “Conventional” PACA Nanoparticles From “Conventional” to Targeted Systems Patent Overview Outlook and Perspectives
A discrete dynamical system arising in molecular biology

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment) is an iterative separation process by which a pool of nucleic acids that bind with varying specificities to a fixed target molecule or a fixed mixture of target molecules, i.e., single or multiple targets, can be separated into one or more pools of pure nucleic acids. In its simplest form, as introduced in [6], the initial pool is combined with the target and the products separated from the mixture of bound and unbound nucleic acids. The nucleic acids bound to the products are then separated from the target. The resulting pool of nucleic acids is expanded using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to bring the pool size back up to the concentration of the initial pool and the process is then repeated. At each stage the pool is richer in nucleic acids that bind best to the target. In the case that the target has multiple components, one obtains a mixture of nucleic acids that bind best to at least one of the components. A further refinement of multiple target SELEX, known as alternate SELEX, is described below. This process permits one to specify which nucleic acids bind best to each component of the target. These processes give rise to discrete dynamical systems based on consideration of statistical averages (the law of mass action) at each step. A number of interesting questions arise in the mathematical analysis of these dynamical systems. In particular, one of the most important questions one can ask about the limiting pool of nucleic acids is the following: Under what conditions on the individual affinities of each nucleic acid for each target component does the dynamical system have a global attractor consisting of a single point? That is, when is the concentration distribution of the limiting pool of nucleic acids independent of the concentrations of the individual nucleic acids in the initial pool, assuming that all nucleic acids are initially present in the initial pool? The paper constitutes a summary of our theoretical and numerical work on these questions, carried out in some detail in [9], [11], [13].
Group IV Getah Virus in Culex Mosquitoes, Malaysia

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A new Getah virus (GETV) strain, B254, was isolated from Culex fuscocephalus mosquitoes captured at Mount Ophir, Malaysia, in 2012. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that GETV B254 is distinct from the old Malaysia GETV MM2021 strain but closely related to group IV GETV from Russia (LEIV16275Mag), China (YN12031), and Thailand (GETV/SW/Thailand/2017).
Embedding entrepreneurial regional innovation ecosystems: reflecting on the role of effectual entrepreneurial discovery processes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Collaboration between regional stakeholders is increasingly emphasized in innovation policy as a way to activate the inherent agency in a regional innovation system. Partnerships of diverse stakeholders have been identified as critical, being able to envisage and implement future pathways that in turn bring change to a region. Thus, the knowledge of various stakeholders is supposed to be combined in novel ways in order to define regional assets and possible future pathways. Nevertheless, it has been recognized that these agency activation approaches often fail to realize these long-term visions initially agreed by partners. We here draw on Sotarauta’s notion of policy ‘black holes’, where regional partners repeat past superficial successes rather than driving in to systemic change. We seek to understand the conditions under which regional stakeholders can build realistic and adaptable strategies that shift regional development trajectories. We explore this via a qualitative approach comparing entrepreneurial discovery processes in three peripheral regions, namely Twente (Netherlands), Aveiro (Portugal) and Lincolnshire (UK). We reflect on the potential value of more effectual (opportunistic/ flexible) approaches to entrepreneurial discovery. We argue that black hole problems may arise from the way agency activation strategies conceptualize long-term strategy development, if partners’ mind-sets are too causal and lacking flexibility to continually reorient strategies during implementation better towards these collective visions.
Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Involvement in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Objective: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a common, chronic and inflammatory rheumatological disease of childhood. The disease can affect all synovial joints in the body. Temporomandibular joints (TMJs) are important areas of involvement in JIA, which are frequently involved but often not noticed because the involvement is usually asymptomatic. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency and risk factors of TMJ joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients admitted to our clinic, and to guide for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Patients who applied to this study with the diagnosis of JIA between January 2014 and May 2017 at Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, were followed up regularly in our clinic, had a accessible medical history, and a rheumatology polyclinic record. Patients with contrast-enhanced TMJ Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) taken and reported by the radiologist were included. Results: TMJ involvement was detected in 51.2% of the 41 patients included in the study. It was found that 71.5% of the patients with TMJ involvement were asymptomatic and 71.5% of the patients had chronic involvement. When the patients with and without TMJ involvement were compared according to the contrast-enhanced TMJ MRI results; In the patient group with involvement, the polyarticular onset subtype was seen at a higher rate (p=0.005), the age of onset was earlier (p=0.003), the disease duration was longer (p=0.037), more joints were involved (p=0.005), the ESR values ​​were higher (p=0.0001), and the treatment compliance and treatment responses of the patients in this group were worse (p=0.001, p=0.0001). Conclusion: TMJ involvement is common in JIA patients. TMJs can be involved at any stage of the disease, the involvement is usually asymptomatic and progresses insidiously, causing chronic, degenerative changes in the mandibule in early period. Because TMJ involvement is asymptomatic, shows insidious progression, can lead to chronic irreversible sequelae, and precise risk factors cannot be determined, all JIA patients should be screened with contrast enhanced TMJ MRI at regular intervals, which is the gold standard method.
Effectiveness of a nurse-led coaching of self-care agency intervention for elderly patients with total laryngectomy: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Introduction Due to functional defects and structural destruction after total laryngectomy, patients experienced the poor quality of life, especially for elderly. The barriers to accessing self-care in elderly patients were considered to result from complex and multifaceted interactions of biologic and social factors. Therefore, specific efforts to improve elderly patients’ quality of life are needed. The purpose of our study is to verify nurse-led coaching of elderly patient self-care approaches, which can reduce logistic burden of patients and obtain the successful functional rehabilitation ultimately. Methods and analysis Elderly patients (n=60) scheduled for total laryngectomy will be randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group. Patients in the control group received routinely nursing during hospitalisation and thereby at home after discharge received conventional family care without regular supervision of nurses. Patients in the intervention group will receive a series of self-care intervention based on the transtheoretical model during hospitalisation. During home after discharge, nurses will additionally evaluate and supervise the self-care effect of patients. The two groups of patients’ self-care agency, self-efficacy, quality of life and nutritional status will be recorded separately at different time points. Primary outcome is the improvement of patients’ self-care agency, and secondary outcome is the improvements of patients’ self-efficacy, quality of life, nutritional states and 3-month unplanned readmission rate. Ethics and dissemination The Ethics Committee of Hubei Cancer Hospital has approved this protocol (KYLLBA2020006). The findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, national or international conferences. Trial registration number ChiCTR2100043731.
Insilico design of peptide inhibitors against Cerebral Malaria

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This project is a part of a larger iGEM project (IISER Pune, 2020) that aims to create a library of inhibitory peptide molecules, which target multiple, host-pathogen interactions in the blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, effectively preventing the parasites from infecting human red blood cells.
A Morphological Comparison of Leaflets of a Hybrid Cycad and the Two Parents

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A morphological study of the leaflets of a hybrid cycad obtained from a cross between Ceratozamia mexicana and a new species, Zamia monticola, shows that some of the structures distinctly resemble either one parent or the other, and that other structures show characteristics of both parents. The stomata illustrate the latter point clearly, as they combine distinctly the peculiarity found in the contour of the guard cells in both parents.
Management Accounting and Costs Controlling in Oil Producing Companies: Historical Perspectives

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article is dedicated to retrospective study of the first development stages of the management accounting system and costs controlling in oil producing companies. The paper proposes costs classification, management reports types, on the basis of which the decisions in oil business are made. We have considered enterprise peculiarities influencing the development of management accounting model, costs and results controlling in oil producing companies. Depreciation methods used in the middle of the past century in the oil producing companies of the USA are considered. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n1s3p430
The Influence of Self-esteem, Self-efficacy, And Optimism on MSMEs Business Resilience in Pasar Jaya Pasar Rumput

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research analyzes the impact of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and optimism on business resilience among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Pasar Jaya Pasar Rumput. The selected site represents a vulnerable urban business environment affected by redevelopment projects, making it a relevant context for exploring the dynamics of entrepreneurship and sustainable development. Employing a quantitative research design, data were collected from 185 respondents who manage MSMEs in Pasar Jaya Pasar Rumput through a questionnaire. Analysis was carried out using SEM with SmartPLS software. The results obtained from this research show that self-esteem, self-efficacy, and optimism have a positive and significant effect on business resilience in MSMEs in Pasar Jaya Pasar Rumput. The results support the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory. This research offers a novel contribution by integrating psychological capital into the discourse of entrepreneurial resilience within the broader sustainability framework. The practical implications suggest the need for empowerment programs that include psychological development to strengthen long-term business sustainability. Policymakers are encouraged to incorporate psychological resource training into MSME support strategies to promote resilience and inclusive economic growth in uncertain urban environments
Use of Supercomputing towards the Generation of a Process Execution Plan in Distributed Real-Time Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This work consider the scheduling of periodic tasks or processes with real-time constraints in a distributed environment. Each task must be executed meeting deadlines, precedence relationships and resources constraints. The problem of scheduling tasks on a distributed environment can be viewed as a problem of assigning processes to the processors but keeping the schedulability in local environments. Thus, the problem can be divided in two phases: the first phase is assigning processes to processors and the second is to schedule assigned processes in each processor in the distributed environment. This paper focuses in the first phase. It introduces a heuristic mechanism for assigning processes in a distributed environment with real-time constraints. The heuristic mechanism has two alternative ways to perform: one takes into account the utilization factor and the other considers period. The performance of both alternatives proposed is evaluated via simulation on a high performance-computing platform.
EBu: A Novel P2P Overlay Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Almost all recent researches on P2P system focus on how to build a highly usable P2P overlay network. In this paper, we present a general group theory method and define a new Cayley graph, and based on this Cayley graph, a novel P2P overlay network EBu is proposed and has many excellent properties such as small routing table and short query path and high clustering. Our system has simpler routing (search) and many other properties than the most former systems because of its symmetry. The performance is also evaluated in this paper.
Is the “Preventing Animal Cruelty and Torture Act” a Step in the Right Direction?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On October 22nd, Congress unanimously passed the “Preventing Animal Cruelty and Torture Act.” The law makes certain acts of cruelty against animals federal crimes. Before the federal law was passed, legislation protecting animals was largely a matter reserved for state legislatures. The law was met with praise from both private citizens and animal welfare organizations like the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA).
Syndromic Multiple Cystic Lesions

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Odontogenic cystic lesions of the jaw usually present as a single lesion and rarely occur as multiple cysts occupying more than one quadrant of the jaw. Multiple cysts are usually a part of a syndrome. Cystic lesions of the jaw are rarely symptomatic in pediatric age and, thus, very difficult to identify at an early age. Here, we present a case of multiple cysts in a pediatric patient and a review.
The statistical strength of nonlocality proofs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The strength of a nonlocality proof is examined in terms of the amount of evidence that the corresponding experiment provides for the nonlocality of Nature. An experimental implementation of such a proof gives data whose statistics will differ from the statistics that are possible under a local description of Nature. The strength of the experiment is quantified by the expected deviation between the observed frequencies, which are given by the laws of quantum mechanics, and the closest possible local theory. Varying the frequencies of the measurement settings gives different experimental implementations of a nonlocality proof, giving each implementation its own strength. The statistical strength of a nonlocality proof is thus determined by the experimental implementation that maximizes its statistical deviation from all possible local theories. It is shown that the deviation between quantum mechanics and a local theory is best expressed by the Kullback-Leibler distance between the probability distributions over the measurement outcomes that the respective theories predict. Specifically, it is proven that the Kullback-Leibler distance is optimal for three methods of hypothesis testing: frequentist, Bayesian, and information theoretic hypothesis testing. The nonlocality proofs that are analyzed in this article are: Bell’s original proof, an improved version
MART-1–Specific Melanoma Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Maintaining CD28 Expression Have Improved Survival and Expansion Capability Following Antigenic Restimulation In Vitro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We determined how CD8+ melanoma tumor–infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) isolated from two distinct phases of expansion in preparation for adoptive T cell therapy respond to melanoma Ag restimulation. We found that TILs isolated after the rapid expansion protocol (REP) phase, used to generate the final patient TIL infusion product, were hyporesponsive to restimulation with MART-1 peptide-pulsed dendritic cells, with many CD8+ T cells undergoing apoptosis. Telomere length was shorter post-REP, but of sufficient length to support further cell division. Phenotypic analysis revealed that cell-surface CD28 expression was significantly reduced in post-REP TILs, whereas CD27 levels remained unchanged. Tracking post-REP TIL proliferation by CFSE dilution, as well as sorting for CD8+CD28+ and CD8+CD28− post-REP subsets, revealed that the few CD28+ TILs remaining post-REP had superior survival capacity and proliferated after restimulation with MART-1 peptide. An analysis of different supportive cytokine mixtures during the REP found that a combination of IL-15 and IL-21 facilitated comparable expansion of CD8+ TILs as IL-2, but prevented the loss of CD28 expression with improved responsiveness to antigenic restimulation post-REP. These results suggest that current expansion protocols using IL-2 for melanoma adoptive T cell therapy yields largely CD8+ T cells unable to persist and divide in vivo following Ag contact. The few CD8+CD28+ T cells that remain may be the only CD8+ TILs that ultimately survive to repopulate the host and mediate long-term tumor control. A REP protocol using IL-15 and IL-21 may greatly increase the number of CD28+ TILs capable of long-term persistence.
Latent Class Analysis of Reproductive Decision Making in Zambia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Coale (1973) pointed out that a first step in the transition to modern contraceptive use involves making calculated choices with respect to fertility and use of contraception. As women become aware of the fertility choices, they are likely to actively seek information and become engaged in reproductive decision making. Research studies on the role of social network on contraceptive decision making in Zambia are few and far. The objective of this study is to examine women’s strategies and approaches to fertility decision making in Zambia. The sample is gathered from two poor income neighborhoods in Kitwe, Zambia. The sample consists of women from 163 households. Latent class analysis provides a useful technique for identifying the presence of distinct strategies with respect to birth control. Though several heterogeneous categories with respect to various reproductive strategies were expected, only two categories were identified. The first category (latent class) is composed of women who engage in spousal communication with respect to fertility, acquire information though seeking and receiving advices from close social relations on reproductive issues, and are aware of the high cost of raising children. Implications of our finding for family planning programs are discussed.
How do managers promote workplace learning? Learning-oriented leadership in daily work

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore managers’ learning-oriented leadership, and what conditions managers face when working with the promotion of employees’ learning. Design/methodology/approach Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with managers in three manufacturing firms. Verbatim expressions of the interview participants were analysed using stepwise analytical procedures. Findings The managers used many kinds of activities to promote learning. Most common were activities related to learning opportunities that arose during daily work. The identified activities ranged from being planned to occurring more spontaneously. Depending on the situation or the learning activity, the managers used different behaviours to promote learning. They supported, educated and confronted employees, and they acted as role models. Factors constraining the implementation of learning-oriented leadership included limited resources, and a lack of commitment from top management, employees or the managers themselves. Research limitations/implications Future research should study learning-oriented leadership from the employees’ perspective. Practical implications Managers’ notions about learning and development constitute an important condition for learning-oriented leadership. Therefore, managers need to be trained in how to promote their employees’ learning at work. Originality/value This study adds to the limited knowledge of how managers carry out a learning-oriented leadership in their daily work. The findings contribute knowledge regarding managerial practices of promoting employees’ workplace learning by identifying different activities and behaviours that managers could incorporate into their leadership.
Risk Allocation in Unsolicited and Solicited Road Public-Private Partnerships: Sustainability and Management Implications

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Risk allocation plays a crucial role in the successful development of public-private partnership (PPP) projects. However, despite being an important topic for scholars and practitioners, the existing literature does not provide sufficient evidence on how managing risks in solicited (SP) and unsolicited (USP) road PPP projects, and subsequently, on what the sustainability implications are for such managerial processes. This study aims to extend risk allocation studies by analyzing contracts in Chilean highway PPPs over the last decade based on a systematic content analysis framework and case study data. The framework was developed through line-by-line coding of contract provisions associated with risk-related issues, and data were collected from semi-structured interviews with Chilean PPP practitioners. Results show that, although the majority of risks are either shared or transferred to the private party in most contracts, there are important variations in the way allocation procedures are implemented for SPs and USPs. Contracts analyzed revealed that risk arrangement mechanisms have usually focused on the economic dimension of sustainability without fully incorporating social and environmental considerations, increasing protests in the long-term. Conclusions indicate that risk allocation procedures and sustainability considerations are highly dependent on project-specific features and contextual factors. Overall, the analysis uncovers that the level of autonomy given to the private sector in both SPs and USPs has contributed to properly manage technical and economic risks, but has failed to successfully allocate social and environmental concerns.