jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Construction of a predictive nomogram for functional recovery after Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and purpose There are recognized surgical indications for Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO), but the degree of postoperative functional recovery is significantly different through clinical observation and follow-up. Therefore, it is necessary to do a preoperative evaluation. This study aims to screen the factors influencing functional recovery after PAO and construct a predictive nomogram. Patients and methods: Retrospective data were collected between December 2016 and March 2022 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, including demographic data and imaging materials of patients undergoing PAO. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to screen the influencing factors, and then multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to construct a predictive nomogram for predicting functional recovery after PAO. Result The influencing factors of functional recovery after PAO were screened out, namely the preoperative distance from the innermost surface of the femoral head to the ilioischial line, surgical approach, preoperative acetabular depth, and preoperative Calve line continuity. A nomogram model was established using these significant predictors. The receiver-operating characteristic curve was drawn, and the area under the curve was calculated to be 0.864. The calibration curve showed that the constructed nomogram model was well calibrated. There was sufficient consistency between the observed and estimated prediction probabilities to indicate that the clinical prediction model had high accuracy. Conclusion This predictive nomogram can identify the patients most suitable for PAO and can be used to guide the selection of surgical patients and surgical approaches.
Considerations on the use and interpretation of survey data on FGM/C

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This technical brief was written as an addendum to the trends presented in the “State of-Art-Synthesis of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: What Do We Know Now?” published in October 2016. This brief describes important sources of reliable data that have been generated in recent years, to provide accurate information on FGM/C practices and attitudes. The majority of these data are derived from cross-sectional survey research, and the brief notes the strengths and limitations of this research approach which should be borne in mind when using and interpreting these data. Table 1 summarizes nationally representative data on FGM/C available from a number of population-based surveys. Table 2 provides a summary of the key findings reviewed in the original document, and assesses the degree of confidence we have in these findings based on the available data and methodological issues outlined in this addendum.
Correlation Between BCL2 and Mcl1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Chemotherapy Response in Jordanian Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and a leading cause of death in Jordan. BCL-2 and MCL-1 are anti-apoptotic proteins that inhibit programmed cell death and their over-expression has been shown to be associated with reduced sensitivity to chemotherapy and poor survival in cancer patients. Objective: In the present study, three SNPs in the promoter region of antiapoptotic genes were investigated in an effort to inspect the occurrences of SNPs (rs2279115, rs4987852) in the promoter region of BCL2 and SNP (rs9803935) in the promoter region of MCL1 in Jordanian patients with CRC, and investigate correlations between BCL2 and MCL1 SNPs and clinical outcomes. Methods: PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-based analysis was used for samples genotyping. Results: The BCL2 rs2279115 and MCL1 rs9803935 SNPs showed significant distribution where mutant and hetero genotypes are more prominent in CRC patients. Additionally, the rs2279115 genotypes and alleles were associated with stages of disease, its recurrence and metastasis. The MCL1 rs9803935 genotypes were associated disease metastasis. However, for BCL2 rs4987852 SNP, there was no association of genotypes or alleles with any of the disease variables. Conclusion: The BCL2 SNPs (rs2279115) and MCL1 SNP (rs9803935) present as important determinants of the progress of CRC in Jordanian patients.
Development of Indigestible Dextrin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In 1988 we recognized glycosylated components in pyrodextrin and started a study to obtain an amylase-resistant ingredient. We succeeded in establishing a series of processes for industrial-scale separation of the indigestible component with superior appearance and taste by roasting starch (pyrolysis), enzymatic hydrolysis, purification, chromatographic fractionation and spray drying. The component was named indigestible dextrin (ID). In order to utilize ID as a source of dietary fiber, a low-calorie ingredient, and a physiologically active ingredient, we first confirmed that ID is a highly safe ingredient by conducting an acute toxicity study, a mutagenicity study, long-term administration studies in both rats and humans, and a study of diarrhea caused by long-term consumption. A novel determination method using the enzyme-gravimetric method in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (enzyme-HPLC method) was proposed to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and approved as Final Action Method AOAC 2001. 03 in January 2005. Animal and human studies showed the energy value of 1 kcal/g dietary fiber fraction. Based on these results, ID has been approved in many countries. Moreover, it has been confirmed by both animal and clinical studies that ID has physiological functions such as intestinal regularity, moderating postprandial blood glucose level, lowering serum lipid, and reducing body fat. As for the physicochemical properties of ID, it is similar to DE10 maltodextrin in sweetness and browning property. The properties of not being fermented easily by yeast or lactobacillus impart an interesting characteristic to beer and lactic acid drinks. At present ID is commercially available for use in a wide range of food products not only in Japan but also in many countries around the world.
Use of TEOAE, ABR, and Acoustic Reflex Measures to Assess Auditory Function Patients With Acoustic Neuroma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cochlear and neural auditory function for a series of 30 patients with acoustic neuroma was assessed pre- and postoperatively by transiently evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE), auditory brain stem response (ABR), and acoustic reflex measures. Employing a retrosigmoid surgical approach, physical integrity of the acoustic nerve was preserved for 22 patients. TEOAEs were observed preoperatively for 13 patients and postoperatively for 6 of them. Postoperative neural function remained unchanged or improved following surgery for 7 patients, and cochlear function decreased. TEOAE, ABR, and acoustic reflex measurements were considered valuable in providing information about site of lesion and probable mechanisms of injury associated with tumor removal.
Development of national health data warehouse Bangladesh: Privacy issues and a practical solution

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Healthcare organizations in Bangladesh own a large amount of data in diverse health information systems. Potential and useful hidden knowledge can be discovered if integration of this huge medical data is performed in national level. The integration process requires linkage of patients' records among different heterogeneous sources. To facilitate effective data mining, it is essential to preserve record linkage in health data warehouse by retaining identifiable attributes. On the other hand, identifiable health data have high risk to patient privacy and also increase the chance of attacks by cyber criminals. In this paper, we have provided a practical solution of privacy and security problems for developing national health data warehouse of Bangladesh. Our developed technique can anonymize identifiable private data of the patients while maintaining record linkage in national warehouse to facilitate knowledge discovery process. For this purpose, we have used encrypted mobile number, gender and name-value of patients to produce Patient Identification Key. Our system is being implemented to protect privacy of sensitive health data in health data warehouse.
Impact of thromboprophylaxis on hospital acquired thrombosis following discharge in patients admitted with COVID‐19: Multicentre observational study in the UK

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Post‐discharge thromboprophylaxis in patients admitted with COVID‐19 remains controversial. We aimed to determine the impact of thromboprophylaxis on hospital acquired thrombosis (HAT) in patients (≥18 years) discharged following admission for COVID‐19 in an observational study across 26 NHS Trusts in the UK (01.04.2020–31.12.2021). Overall, 8895 patients were included to the study: 971 patients were discharged with thromboprophylaxis and propensity score matched (PSM) with a desired ratio of 1:1, from patients discharged without thromboprophylaxis. Patients with heparin induced thrombocytopenia, major bleeding during admission and pregnant women were excluded. As expected from 1:1 PSM, no difference was observed in parameters between the two groups, including duration of hospital stay, except the thromboprophylaxis group had a significantly higher proportion who had received therapeutic dose anticoagulation during admission. There were no differences in the laboratory parameters especially D‐dimers between the two groups at admission or discharge. Median duration of thromboprophylaxis following discharge from hospital was 4 weeks (1–8 weeks). No difference was found in HAT in patients discharged with TP versus no TP (1.3% vs. 0.92%, p = 0.52). Increasing age and smoking significantly increased the risk of HAT. Many patients in both cohorts had raised D‐dimer at discharge but D‐dimer was not associated with increased risk of HAT.
Surgeon age as the major factor in recommendation of uni-compartmental knee replacement versus high tibial osteotomy: a case study in orthopaedic decision making.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This case report concerns surgical decision making. The subject is a 59 year old male orthopaedic surgeon with medial compartment knee arthritis. Both high tibial valgus osteotomy and uni-compartmental knee replacement would be appropriate with similar outcomes reported in the literature. Surprisingly, almost all young surgeons recommended a uni-compartmental knee replacement and almost all older surgeons recommended a high tibial osteotomy. We discuss the reasons that surgeon age, which is clearly irrelevant to the optimal decision, is the dominant determinant of surgical recommendation for this patient.
Gut Microbial Compositions in Four Age Groups of Tibetan Minipigs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In this study, the gut microbiota was characterized in four age strata of Tibetan minipigs. Results indicated that the fecal bacteria of 7-, 28-, 56-, and 180-day-old minipigs did not significantly differ in terms of phylogenetic diversity (i.e., PD whole tree) or the Shannon index (both, p > 0.05). Findings of a principal coordinate analysis demonstrated that fecal bacteria of 180-day-old minipigs were discernable from those of the other three age groups. From ages seven to 56 days, the abundance of Bacteroidetes or Firmicutes appeared to vary. Regarding genera, the populations of Bacteroides and Akkermansia decreased with increasing age.
The kinematics of fountain flow in mold‐filling

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Moldability criteria and process optimization for both reactive and thermoplastic injection molding hinge on the mold‐filling step. The fluid mechanics of the filling step is typically described in terms of a one‐dimensional main flow and a complex two‐dimensional flow near the advancing front, often termed the “fountain flow.” A unique apparatus which permits direct observation of the fountain flow in a rectangular cavity is described. The motion of tracer lines as well as the pathlines have been photographed for both Newtonian and shear‐thinning liquids. The data show clearly the main flow, the transition to the front flow, and the deceleration and acceleration zones in the fountain flow, which lead to a “mushrooming” of the tracer line. In addition, Galerkin finite‐element analysis is used to predict the isothermal free‐surface flow of a Newtonian liquid near the advancing front between parallel plates. The most interesting visualization of the calculated flow is obtained by tracking lines of material, thus producing numerical tracer experiments. The calculations show the widely varying residence times and the complex shear and extensional deformation histories of fluid elements as they move through the fountain flow region. The calculations are in agreement with the experiments and clarify previous results, both theoretical and experimental, that did not capture the details of the entire flow field.
The Effects of Gamma Radiation On Heterodera Rostochiensis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cysts, second stage larvae and adult males and females of H. rostochiensis were exposed to 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 kilorads of gamma radiation. Hatching from cysts exposed to potato root-diffusate for 3 days before irradiation was decreased, and some eggs were killed after only 2 kilorads, but hatching from air-dried cysts was stimulated by the smaller doses in one experiment. Irradiation of second stage larvae had no effect on their activity, but irradiation of either cysts or larvae impaired development of the F1 generation: fewer cysts with fewer eggs than those in unirradiated controls were formed, and many of the eggs lacked normal larvae. Adults were more resistant than hatched larvae or larvae within cysts to irradiation. Small doses affected the fertility of adult females more than that of males, probably because the primary oocytes continue dividing after mating, whereas all the sperm is formed by the time the males leave the roots. Larvae from irradiated cysts competed poorly with those from unirradiated cysts when potato plants were inoculated with mixtures of the two.
The Role of a Cognitive Laboratory within Total/Tailored Survey Design and Total Quality Management Case Study 4: Testing The Annual Establishment Production

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary: In 1999 a program was started at Statistics Netherlands to generate ideas on how to increase response rates for self-administered business surveys by improving the communication with the respondent. The traditional approaches based on simple communication strategies (one stimulus for all units at the same moment, traditional reminder approaches using authority principles) give serious problems with response time, net response and response quality. The goal of the new program is to develop measures that change the traditional, formal and passive contact strategies into active, respondent-driven and motivational approaches. In the past several measures have already been implemented, like a cognitive laboratory to improve the wording of advance letters and questionnaires and to reduce response burden, and a guide for form-design standards to improve the layout of letters and questionnaires. This program is based on the philosophies of Dillman (Total Design Method) and Brog (New Kontiv Design). Where the NKD design allows for undefined respondent behaviour, the TDM approach is based on the more general standardised survey approach of well-defined respondent behaviour. In fact, both TDM and NKD are quite similar in their (respondent-driven) paradigms, but quite different in their operational approach. Both fit within Total Quality Management and have proven their benefits. Therefore the challenge is to create strategies and tactics that incorporate the best of both perspectives. In this chapter cognitive laboratory research is placed within a broader view on Total/Tailored Survey Design and Total Quality Management. Within this context, a focus group study will be presented. With this study a redesigned form of a business survey has been pre-tested: the Annual Establishment Production Survey. While in the preceding chapters interviewer-administered questionnaires for persons and households were tested, here we have an example of applying cognitive methods to a business survey with a self-completion form.
the FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL BATH SOAP CONTAINING METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF THREE AYURVEDIC VARNYA HERBS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objectives: The ultimate aim of this study is to formulate and evaluate the herbal bath soap using methanolic extracts of three plants having ethnic and dermatological importance in Ayurveda, namely, Hemidesmus indicus, Cyperus rotundus, and Saussurea lappa. Methods: The roots of H. indicus and S. lappa and rhizomes of C. rotundus were extracted with ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus. Then, these extracts were used to make soap by reacting oil and lye in a process of saponification. Results: The soap made was evaluated for physicochemical characters such as total fatty matter, moisture content, and pH and found to be 77, 5.3%, and 8 and for other parameters, good characteristics were observed. Discussion: The soap also exhibited good cleaning efficiency in removing microbes on hands. Conclusion: Hence, based on the antimicrobial effects and parameters, the formulated soap can further be standardized and an alternative to commercial medicinal and skin whitening soaps.
Virgaria boninensis, a new hyphomycete (Xylariaceae) from soils in the Bonin Islands, Japan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Virgaria boninensis, a new hyphomycete classified in the Xylariaceae (Ascomycota), was isolated from soils in the Bonin Islands, Japan. It is characterized by olive gray colonies and solitary, reniform, light brown sympodial conidia. Morphologically, the species is similar to V. nigra, but it is different from V. nigra in phylogeny and also differs with length of fertile part.
A Study to Assess the Level of Anxiety among Patients Undergoing Cardiac Procedures in Selected Tertiary Care Hospital

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Various research studies have been done in the field of psychiatry, medicine and nursing to assess level of anxiety among preoperative patients for cardiac interventions. A study conducted in Nepal by S Sidgal et. All on anxiety evaluation in Nepalese adult patients awaiting cardiac surgery through a prospective observational study at a core medical institution in Kathmandu, Nepal. 140 patients participated and data of 123 were used. The results revealed that more than half of participants experienced preoperative anxiety, with prevalence more in females and participants with a past history of anaesthesia exposure and mental/ nervous disease
The Global War on Terror and Army Officer Military Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : Officer Professional Military Education (PME) has been a part of Army officer development since 1794. Today the Army dedicates between 2.5 and 3 years to Army resourced education for each successful career officer. This investment is huge and sets the Army and the Department of Defense apart from most of their counterparts in the civilian world. Unfortunately, history and current trends have demonstrated that the Army's selfless culture has struggled to meet long term educational goals during periods of high operational demand like the present. This paper will examine the impact of the Global War on Terror (GWOT) on officer PME. Specifically, it will demonstrate that current Army officer culture and PME policies may not be effectively guiding the Army toward its officer education strategic objectives. It order to change the culture, the Army must consider the potential benefits of modifying current policy in order to influence behavior. Several policy and curriculum modification recommendations are provided as a means to reverse the identified trend and resultant concerns.
Egg Laying and Feeding Preference of Sesamia cretica Led., on Primary and Secondary Hosts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Some graminaceous fodder crops were compared to grain sorghum for larval feeding and ovipositional preference by Sesamia cretica Led., under laboratory conditions. The percentages of S. cretica larvae attracted to each host of the four gramineous plants studied in free choice test after one hour, for the sorghum, broom corn, pearl millet and sudan grass were 20.00%, 10.00%, 20.00% and 24.00% of larvae, respectively, with no significant differences between them. The four gramineous plants studied in free choice test after 24 hours varied significantly, sudan grass was the most attractive crop (32.00%), however, broom corn was the lowest in attractiveness (8.00%). The non-responded larvae number decreased from 26.00% in one hour observation to 17.00% in 24 hours observation. Data indicated a strong ovipositional preference for pearl millet (34.46%), however, broom corn harbored the lowest percent of egg deposit (14.04%).
PROLONGATION OF HUMAN LIFESPAN BY IMMATURE PEAR EXTRACT MEDIATED SIRTUIN-RELATED GENE EXPRESSION

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Demographics of the world are changing rapidly with older populations growing at an unprecedented rate. Cellular senescence, a decline of cellular function due to aging, causes gradual loss of physiological functions. Several cellular senescence-related chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes, and hypertension, negatively affect the quality of human life. Intervention in the cellular senescence process may reduce these incidences and slow the progression of age-related diseases, while contributing to the longevity of healthy human lifespans. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the budding yeast, is a simple model system that can provide significant insights into the human genetics and molecular biology of senescence and is considered suitable as a cellular model for research on mammalian cells. The aim of our study was to investigate the anti-aging effects of immature pear fruit extract (IPE) on yeast cells and its possible application to extend healthy lifespan in humans. Anti-aging effects of IPE were investigated using a chronological lifespan assay on S. cerevisiae cells. The chronological lifespan of the yeast treated with IPE at 1% (v/v) was significantly extended than that of untreated cells (p &lt; 0.05). The expression of sirtuin-related genes, which regulate cellular senescence, was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and found to be significantly increased following IPE treatment. These results suggest that sirtuin-related genes have important roles in IPE-regulated lifespan extension, which provides a mechanism by which IPE could affect mammalian cells and potentially extend healthy human lifespans.