jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The role of mathematical aesthetic in network-supported generative design: a case study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Use of a next-generation, classroom-based network technology for mathematics instruction illuminates possible connections between the aesthetic perceptions of mathematics and mathematics teaching practices. Generative activity design makes use of participatory classroom simulations with the technology to allow students to fully engage in the activities from various levels and trajectories of understanding. Moreover, the student engagement with these activities produces artifacts, the projections of which make mathematical aesthetic visible and a substantial topic in the classroom discourse. This investigation entails the study of one secondary mathematics teacher, examining her instructional practices in the context of a networked-supported environment. This case study, conducted within the framework of a design experiment, uncovers the ways in which the teacher's mathematical aesthetic perceptions acted to (1) constrain her process of generative activity design and (2) frame her role in the mathematical discourse during classroom implementation of the network. Findings suggest the need for augmentation of a generative activity design framework to include overt connections to aesthetic.
Partheno Genetic Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm and its Application

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Ant colony algorithm is a kind of effective combinatorial optimization problem solving algorithm has been increasingly, thorough research, and gradually get used. Ant colony algorithm is a set of parameters, the algorithm, a lack of adequate experiences often. The paper has put forward a single genetic character of ant colony algorithm. Will the ant colony algorithm each search results as the initial population, single genetic improvement, for the shortest route optimization. In the traveling salesman problem of the experiments prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Key Design Characteristics for Developing Usable E-Commerce Websites in the Arab World

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This research aims to suggest key design characteristics that are necessary for developing usable e-commerce websites in the Arab world. A comprehensive usability evaluation of four leading Arab e-commerce websites was conducted using the heuristic evaluation method. The results identified major and minor usability problems and major and minor good design characteristics on the selected websites. Based on the results, 51 key design characteristics were suggested. The recommended key design characteristics comprised two levels according to their priority: level one which includes mandatory key design characteristics and level two which includes supplementary design characteristics. The key design characteristics in each level were categorized under specific pages and areas that can be found on any e-commerce website. Such categorizations could direct website evaluators and designers to important pages and areas that should be considered to improve the overall usability of e-commerce websites. The results of this research are particularly important to developing countries which are still facing challenges that may affect the design and accessibility of usable and useful websites. These relate to low speed of accessing the Internet and a lack of website designers who have experience in customers’ needs and websites’ usable design characteristics.
Constraining Aging Processes of Black Carbon in the Community Atmosphere Model Using Environmental Chamber Measurements

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The direct radiative forcing of black carbon aerosol (BC) on the Earth system remains unsettled, largely due to the uncertainty with physical properties of BC throughout their lifecycle. Here we show that ambient chamber measurements of BC properties provide a novel constraint on the crude BC aging representation in climate models. Observational evidence for significant absorption enhancement of BC can be reproduced when the aging processes in the four‐mode version of the Modal Aerosol Module (MAM4) aerosol scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 are calibrated by the recent in situ chamber measurements. An observation‐based scaling method is developed in the aging timescale calculation to alleviate the influence of biases in the simulated model chemical composition. Model sensitivity simulations suggest that the different monolayer settings in the BC aging parameterization of MAM4 can cause as large as 26% and 24% differences in BC burden and radiative forcing, respectively. We also find that an increase in coating materials (e.g., sulfate and secondary organic aerosols) reduces BC lifetime by increasing the hygroscopicity of the mixture but enhances its absorption, resulting in a net increase in BC direct radiative forcing. Our results suggest that accurate simulations of BC aging processes as well as other aerosol species are equally important in reducing the uncertainty of BC forcing estimation.
Switchable flat optical elements with patterned cholesteric liquid crystal for augmented reality displays

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Switchable polarization volume hologram gratings and lenses have been developed. The diffraction efficiency can be modulated by a vertical electric field. A small amount of liquid crystal monomer is doped into cholesteric liquid crystal to form a stabilized polymer network to make the unwinding process reversible. The fabricated devices exhibit submillisecond response time, a large range of diffraction efficiency modulation, and high see-through quality. Some potential applications are demonstrated, including a significantly suppressed rainbow effect, enhanced light efficiency for a waveguide-based augmented reality display, and a Maxwellian-view type waveguide with pupil expansion. The unique properties and benefits of these switchable reflective gratings and lenses open a new door for near-eye displays, especially novel optical systems for augmented reality waveguide displays.
Requirement for the C-terminal domain of the v-erbA oncogene protein for biological function and transcriptional repression.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In contrast to the normal thyroid hormone receptor, the v-erbA product fails to bind hormone due to mutations in the C-terminal ligand binding domain and thus appears to represent a hormone-independent, oncogenic transcription factor. Therefore, we asked whether or not the C-terminal domain of v-erbA is required for its biological activity and putative transcriptional control functions by analysing mutants with altered C-termini. A v-erbA protein truncated in the C-terminal domain lacked detectable biological activity in transformed erythroblasts and its transcriptional repression function with respect to the band 3 gene was abolished. The protein displayed a nuclear location and could still bind to DNA, indicating that the N-terminal region retained DNA-binding activity but was insufficient to produce characteristic v-erbA changes in erythroblasts. Another biologically defective v-erbA variant with a small frameshift towards the extreme C-terminus also failed to repress band 3, indicating a requirement for a specific C-terminal structure in repression. However, this mutant retained partial biological activity, stimulating erythroblasts to grow at a higher rate than cells containing a completely inactive, deleted v-erbA gene. The results demonstrate that the mutated hormone-binding domain, in addition to the DNA-binding region, is critical for v-erbA biological and transcriptional control functions.
The later growth of children who were preterm and small for gestational age.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The four-year-old growth status of 56 preterm, 35 small for gestational age, and 111 randomly selected appropriate weight for gestational age children who were born at the Queen Mary Hospital (Dunedin) in 1968, is described. Children who were preterm but were greater than 2500g at birth were significantly heavier, taller and had larger head circumference measures than the control group. Preterm children who had weighed less than 2500g at birth were significantly lighter than the controls. Children who were smaller for gestational age were significantly shorter and lighter than the control group. Other results were reported on relationships between gestational age and birth weight and the later growth status of children, and some implications were discussed.
Une contribution pratique à l'estimation du transport des sédiments dans un écoulement fluvial

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Several computational methods of sediment discharge in open channel flows are reported in the existing literature. However, sediment transport is a complex procedure that implies several parameters which in some cases are difficult to estimate. Even if direct confrontations of methods used are published, it is difficult to draw significant conclusions that would help determine a model or the models likely to produce the best results for a specific case. To facilitate that choice, the authors have attempted to establish a classification of the various methods commonly used by determining their relative performance, and to improve the performance by proposing a new model which distinguishes the type of sediment transport and the nature of the bed. Key words: sediment discharge, sediment transport, open channel flow, model, performance.[Journal translation]
Macroeconomic Evaluation of Enhanced Biomass Utilisation in Austria

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Recently, several scientific investigations have been carried out in Austria on the potential of as a renewable resource for the energy sector. Most of these studies look at this domestic potential from a natural-science and technological perspective. In contrast to these, the WIFO study focuses on analysing the macroeconomic effects produced by the additional demand for feedstocks as energy resource for use in the mobility sector and in electricity and heat generation. It quantifies the direct and indirect macroeconomic effects of measures to boost yield in Austria on the one hand and bioenergy use on the other up to the year 2020, based on a biomass action plan scenario which stipulates targets for blending biofuels and for the share of renewables in overall energy consumption.
Global Research Trends on Digital therapeutics in Early 21st Century: A Data-driven Bibliometric Analysis (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

UNSTRUCTURED

As an emerging therapeutics plan, digital therapeutics has attracted increasing attention in recent years, with numerous research hotspots continually emerging. This study aims to explore the evolving trends in digital therapeutics publications since the beginning of the 21st century. A total of 660 publications that met the requirements were included. The United States of America was the top contributing country. Harvard University and Journal of Medical Internet Research were the institution and journal with the largest number of publications, respectively. Marsch, Lisa A and Maricich, Yuri A. were the top two contributing authors. Research hotspots of digital therapeutics were divided into four clusters based on the co-occurrence analysis of keywords: (1) Application of Digital Therapeutics in Chronic Disease; (2) Applications of Digital Therapeutics in the Intervention of Mental Disorders; (3) Applications of Digital Therapeutics in Addiction Treatment; (4) Applications of Digital Therapeutics in Cognitive Behavioral Recovery.
Elementary School Students’ Perception of Online Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate the students’ perception of online learning in Islamic religious education learning during COVID-19 Pandemic. This research method uses a quantitative. The data were collected through a questionnaire distributed by the researcher using Google Forms. The respondents of this study were 70 students in grade 6 of elementary school. The data were analyzed by using interpretation guidelines. This study found that students' perceptions of online learning by using digital-based applications were categorized as good in terms of material understanding, teaching materials, student competencies, barriers, parental support, and school support. The most frequently used teaching materials were printed books, e-books, PowerPoint, and games. At the same time, the most commonly used applications were WhatsApp, Google Meet, Zoom, and Google Classroom. Thus, using digital-based applications gets a good response from students who can make online learning more effective.
Learning to be Modern: Pound, Eliot, and the American University.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is axiomatic that the poetry of high modernist was composed by the educated for the educated. This book explores American educational history as a context of this commonplace: what Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot learnt in universities, how they needed universities, and how universities needed them. Gail McDonald examines unpublished essays as well as Pound's and Eliot's more familiar works on educational topics. She also reveals the vast amount of time they devoted to pedagogical concerns, emulating and assisting the American academy's evolution from 19th-century religious college to 20th-century research university. This process demanded a continuous calibration of the relationship between tradition and innovation which resulted in a curious doubleness within high-modernist aesthetics and American educational philosophy, a doubleness which is echoed in the contradictions of Pound's and Eliot's poetry. In addition to the readings of Pound and Eliot, this book looks at high-modernist literature at large and, in its examination of turn-of-the-century debates on educational progressivism provides an historical context for current debates about the function of universities and the shape of the literary canon. This book should be of use to intellectual historians and to scholars, graduates, and advanced undergraduates studying modernist literature, particularly Eliot and Pound.
Epidemiological study of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in the province of Manitoba, Canada

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A previous population-based study of survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients in the province of Manitoba demonstrated a lower five-year relative survival among CLL patients compared with the age- and gender-adjusted general population. This decreased relative survival was most pronounced among elderly male CLL patients. In this study, we have demonstrated that the reduced five-year relative survival observed in CLL patients compared to the general population of Manitoba may partially be attributed to increased risk of second cancers and non-referral to specialized CLL clinics. The increased risk of second cancers in CLL patients compared to Follicular Lymphoma (FL), a similar indolent B cell malignancy, was only observed after CLL diagnosis indicating that a CLL-specific factor may be responsible for the increased risk of second cancers in these patients. The risk of second cancers is independent of treatment and surveillance bias but is further increased with chemotherapy. A superior outcome in CLL patients who have been referred to the CancerCare Manitoba (CCMB) specialized CLL clinic was observed that was independent of age, gender, treatment and history of previous cancers. This superior outcome was most pronounced in the elderly CLL patients. We propose that CLL patients should be referred to CLL-specific hematologists and, where not possible, that guidelines created by such experts be followed. Appropriate screening for second cancers should be performed during routine follow up of CLL patients.
Unilateral Double Eyelid Formation after Botulinum Toxin A Injection: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: Botulinum toxin injection has been widely used for facial rejuvenation, with high rates of efficacy and patient satisfaction. In this article, we describe a reproducible phenomenon of unilateral double eyelid formation with the treatment of upper facial rhytides using botulinum toxin. A 38-year-old man was given onabotulinum toxin A injections in the frontal stria and glabellar lines. The procedure was repeated after 6 months. Unilateral double eyelids were noted twice on the right side about 7 days after each injection. The maintenance time for each procedure was about 1 month. The rhytides improved about 3 days after each injection and were maintained for about 4 months. No adverse effects were observed. This rare phenomenon could be due to the compensatory increased strength of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle and the anatomical structure of the patient’s right eyelid.
Unsupervised segmentation of hyperspectral images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a new unsupervised segmentation method for hyperspectral images using edge fusion. We first remove noisy spectral band images by examining the correlations between the spectral bands. Then, the Canny algorithm is applied to the retained images. This procedure produces a number of edge images. To combine these edge images, we compute an average edge image and then apply a thresholding operation to obtain a binary edge image. By applying dilation and region filling procedures to the binary edge image, we finally obtain a segmented image. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm produced satisfactory segmentation results without requiring user input.
The Impact of RMB International on Pricing Power of China’s Bulk Stock

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

With the development of our economy, China has an increasingly demand for bulk commodities and becomes a net importer of many bulk commodities. However, China has little control over bulk commodity pricing and has to passively accept the prices, which damages the interest of our country badly. Adding the RMB to the SDR is the new start of internationalization of RMB, and brings the new opportunity for controlling over bulk commodity pricing. Based on a large number of the existing literature, this paper first takes point of view in the opportunities and challenges of the join of RMB to the SDR, then analyzes the mechanism of the bulk commodity and the situation of lack of bulk commodity pricing. Finally, this paper summarizes the internationalization strategy of RMB under the background of commodity pricing power and the influence of RMB entry into SDR on the pricing power of commodities in China.
The Flash-Lag Phenomenon: Object Motion and Eye Movements

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

An object flashed briefly in a given location, the moment another moving object arrives in the same location, is perceived by observers as lagging behind the moving object (flash-lag effect). Does the flash-lag effect occur if the retinal image of the moving object is rendered stationary by smooth pursuit of the moving object? Does the flash-lag effect occur if the retinal image of a stationary object is caused to move by smooth-pursuit eye movements? A disk was briefly flashed in the center of a moving ring such that the ring center was completely ‘filled’ by the disk. In this display, observers perceived the flashed disk to lag such that it appeared only to partially ‘fill’ the ring center. The ‘unfilled’ portion (perceived void) of the moving ring was seen in the color of the background. With smooth pursuit of the ring, the flash-lag effect was eliminated, and observers saw the flashed disk centered on the moving ring. A strong flash-lag effect was observed when observers smoothly pursued a moving point target past a continuously visible stationary ring. Once again, the flashed disk appeared to only partially fill the center of the continuously visible stationary ring, yielding a vivid ‘perceived void’. These results are discussed in terms of neural delays and their compensation.
Self‐regulation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Self-regulation refers to the process of controlling thoughts, feelings, and actions to manage short- and long-term goals, and is marked by effortful and voluntary control. Individuals can differ in their ability to self-regulate, which may be influenced by personality and situational variables. The purpose of this entry is to discuss the general framework and behavioral styles of self-regulation. In addition, we will discuss self-regulation and the relation to the Big Five. To finish, we will summarize how different factors may contribute to self-regulation failure.
Power faces in regional governance☆

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The literature on power displays little interest in the subject of regional governance and the literature on governance tends to neglect issues of power. This article aims to reintroduce power into the governance debate. To this end, we adopt Barnett and Duvall’s broad power perspective that includes four faces of power. With this broad perspective, we analyse a regional governance case study on the implementation of nature policy in the Netherlands. Our main conclusion is that each of the four faces of power reveals different aspects of this case, and that only by taking them together can we fully explain the outcome of the case. We also suggest that such a broad analysis of power in regional governance studies would greatly contribute to understanding governance processes and their outcomes in general.
5-Hydroxytryptamine, Glutamate, and ATP: Much More Than Neurotransmitters

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is derived from the essential amino acid L-tryptophan. Although the compound has been studied extensively for its neuronal handling and synaptic actions, serotonin 5-HT receptors can be found extra-synaptically and not only in neurons but in many types of mammalian cells, inside and outside the central nervous system (CNS). In sharp contrast, glutamate (Glu) and ATP are better known as metabolism-related molecules, but they also are neurotransmitters, and their receptors are expressed on almost any type of cell inside and outside the nervous system. Whereas 5-hydroxytryptamine and Glu are key regulators of the immune system, ATP actions are more general. 5-hydroxytryptamine, ATP and Glu act through both G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and ionotropic receptors, i.e., ligand gated ion channels. These are the three examples of neurotransmitters whose actions as holistic regulatory molecules are briefly put into perspective here.
Bilateral nasolabial cysts: a case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The nasolabial cyst is one of the rarer soft tissue cysts, and presents beneath the alae of the nose. There have been few reports of an association between nasolabial cysts and dacryocystitis (an infection of the nasolacrimal sac). This case report describes a female who presented with bilateral nasolabial cysts and longstanding symptoms of epiphora (watery eye).
Optimization of Engine System for Application of Biodiesel Fuel

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Application of biodiesel fuel (BDF) to diesel engine is very effective to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emission, because biodiesel is carbon neutral in principle. However, biodiesels yield an increase in NOx emission from conventional diesel engine, compared with diesel fuel case. Therefore, some strategies are needed for meeting the future emission regulations when using biodiesel. In this study, rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME) was applied to diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system and NOx storage reduction (NSR) catalyst. NOx reduction rate of NSR catalyst was drastically decreased by using RME, even if injection quantity of RME for rich spike was enhanced. However, an increase in EGR rate could reduce NOx emission without the deterioration in smoke and PM emissions.</div>