jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of Branched Polymers with Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic, and Charged Side Chains

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The interfacial adsorption and desorption behavior of polymers and surfactants during chemical flooding plays a pivotal role in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), particularly in high-temperature, high-salinity (HTHS) reservoirs. The molecular topology (e.g., linear and branched) and functionality (hydrophobic (HB), hydrophilic (HL), negatively charged (NC) and/or positively charged (PC)) offer promising potential for improving the recovery efficiency of EOR. However, the relationship between polymer topology (or functionality) and interfacial behavior remains unclear. In this work, an extension of classical density functional theory, termed DFT-eTPT2, is used to systematically investigate the adsorption and desorption behavior of linear and branched functional polymers on a hydrophobic surface under HTHS conditions. The results show that HB-based binary copolymers with functional monomers (HL, PC or NC) are good candidates for the interfacial encapsulation of oil droplets and the migration of encapsulated oil-polymer aggregates into the aqueous phase. Specifically, a clear spatial segregation of monomers is observed, in which HB monomers promote interfacial adsorption, whereas HL, PC, and NC monomers facilitate detachment from the interface. Furthermore, their excess adsorption exhibits a nonmonotonic dependence on the bulk concentration of polymer (cp). Among these binary copolymers, the branched HB-based binary copolymer paired with PC monomers (B-HB-PC) exhibits optimal adsorption and desorption performance: the maximum excess adsorption around cp = 2.00 M; and the marked disparity in excess adsorption between the HB and PC side chains. However, beyond this degree of branching, the adsorption capacity declines sharply. This work provides molecular-level insight into the design of topological functional polymers, highlighting the importance of customized polymer architectures to maximize interfacial activity and oil recovery efficiency.
The Impossibility of Zombies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Saul Kripke challenges materialists to explain why zombies should seem possible, if they are in fact impossible; and he points out that it is not plausible that this is because terms for conscious states such as “pain” refer by invoking some contingent property of their referents. In response, Papineau argues that the conceivability of zombies is no guide to any kind of possibility, and that those who suppose that it is are committed to the archaic view that direct reference involves some kind of transparent acquaintance.
ASPHALT-RUBBER BINDER STRESS ABSORBING MEMBRANE INTERLAYER. WHEELER I/C TO ADAMS CO. LINE, I-90. FINAL REPORT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This is the final report of an evaluation of an Asphalt-Rubber Binder Stress Absorbing Membrane Interlayer (SAMI) to control transverse, alligator and longitudinal cracking in the asphalt concrete overlay. A control section consisting of a tack coat of CSS-1 applied to the existing pavement was used to compare against the Asphalt-Rubber SAMI and a paving grade asphalt SAMI. Crack mapping for a period of 9 years disclosed the Asphalt-Rubber SAMI to perform slightly better than the paving grade asphalt and much better than the control.
A Combined Global and Local Approach to Elucidate Spatial Organization of the Mycobacterial ParB-<i>parS</i> Partition Assembly

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Combining diverse sets of data at global (size, shape) and local (residue) scales is an emerging trend for elucidating the organization and function of the cellular assemblies. We used such a strategy, combining data from X-ray and neutron scattering with H/D-contrast variation and X-ray footprinting with mass spectrometry, to elucidate the spatial organization of the ParB-<i>parS</i> assembly from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. The ParB-<i>parS</i> participates in plasmid and chromosome segregation and condensation in predivisional bacterial cells. ParB polymerizes around the <i>parS</i> centromere(s) to form a higher-order assembly that serves to recruit cyto-skeletal ParA ATPases and SMC proteins for chromosome segregation. A hybrid model of the ParB-<i>parS</i> was built by combining and correlating computational models with experiment-derived information about size, shape, position of the symmetry axis within the shape, internal topology, DNA−protein interface, exposed surface patches, and prior knowledge. This first view of the ParB-<i>parS</i> leads us to propose how ParB spread on the chromosome to form a larger assembly.
Steroid requirement for androgen receptor dimerization and DNA binding. Modulation by intramolecular interactions between the NH2-terminal and steroid-binding domains.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Infection of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cells with recombinant human androgen receptor (AR) baculovirus results in expression of a 118-kDa phosphoprotein that displays high affinity androgen binding and androgen-dependent targeting to the nucleus. Using the DNA mobility shift assay, specific in vitro binding of full-length AR to androgen response element DNA (ARE) requires intracellular hormone exposure. The ability of a variety of steroids to induce ARE binding paralleled their transcriptional potential. Certain antihormones, cyproterone acetate and RU486, promote ARE binding, but a pure antiandrogen, hydroxyflutamide, inhibits AR binding to ARE DNA. AR dimerization requires incubation of recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells with androgen, but only when one or both components of the dimer contain the NH2-terminal domain. Based on the intensities of ARE binding and lack of binding to an ARE half-site, it appears that, unlike the glucocorticoid receptor, AR binds DNA primarily as a dimer. Thus, full-length baculovirus-expressed AR requires intracellular hormone exposure for dimerization and ARE binding to overcome inhibition imposed by the AR NH2-terminal domain. Antihormones with agonist activity promote dimerization and ARE binding, while a pure antiandrogen blocks AR DNA binding. It is concluded that intramolecular interactions between the NH2-terminal and steroid-binding domains are regulated by the specificity of hormone binding and modulate receptor dimerization and DNA binding.
Attacking stressed mixed-species biofilms with Wi-Fi

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Our body contains various types of bacteria that affect our bodily functions. In nature, most biofilms are formed by a mixture of various bacteria and not just one type of bacteria. Hence, there is a need for more research on mixed-species biofilms, rather than just single-species biofilms. Wi-Fi is an electromagnetic wave of typically 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz. Wi-Fi exposure to human beings is a prevalent topic of discussion in today’s society as many of our daily activities involve the use of Wi-Fi. It is unclear if Wi-Fi has a negative impact on our health, as there is no clear understanding at the moment as to how different species of bacteria that coexist within our body are affected by the amount of available nutrients in our bodies and also Wi-Fi radiation. This project aims to identify the effect of Wi-Fi and nutrient concentration on 3 different bacteria that were mixed together. The mixed-species bacteria that were used and studied in this project were Klebsiella Pneumoniae (KP-1), Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (PAO1) and Pseudomonas Fluorescens (Pf-5). KP-1, PAO1, and Pf-5 were cultivated in N96 plates containing M9 and left to stand for 24 hours in two different conditions, one at a temperature of 25°C with no Wi-Fi radiation, and the other at a temperature of 25°C with Wi-Fi radiation. After the 24 hours, the characteristics of the biofilms that formed were recorded and analysed. The results showed that Wi-Fi had no conclusive effect on the growth of Plankton and Biofilm, but differing Magnesium and Calcium concentrations in the medium did affect the growth rate of Plankton and Biofilm.
Surgical Diseases of the Chest

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The contributors summarize the "amazing and gratifying advances" in thoracic and cardiac surgery. The major change in this edition, besides 493 more illustrations and 24 new authors, entails its greater emphasis on surgical technique. Excellent new sections on heart and lung transplantation, valve replacement, cardiac assist devices, pacemaking, and thoracic outlet syndrome have been added. The original material concerning empyema, lung abscess, bronchiectasis, and tuberculosis has also been retained and updated. Typical of the major overhaul that many chapters receive is that on the esophagus: the authors are different, illustrations have tripled, the bibliography doubled, and more space is devoted to surgical technique and judgment. Elsewhere, regarding mitral stenosis, "the fallacy of routine open operations" is thoroughly discussed in an effort to reverse the now prevalent "technical myopia" that ignores the option of closed mitral valvuloplasty in selected cases. The chapter on anesthesia contains a curious espousal of thiopental sodium
[A Case of Multiple Lung Metastases of Pancreatic Cancer with 50 Months Survival by Sequential Chemotherapy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We hereby report a case in which a patient with multiple lung metastases of pancreatic cancer continued chemotherapy and maintained good performance status(PS)for 48 months after recurrence. But her disease progressed rapidly after withdrawal of chemotherapy, resulting in her death in a short period of time. The patient was a 66-year-old woman who underwent a substomach preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer at the age of 60 years. She was diagnosed as fT3N1M0, fStage ⅡB. During postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy S-1, multiple lung metastases were noted on CT scan 2 years after surgery. Thereafter, she was treated with gemcitabine(GEM)alone, GEM plus nab-paclitaxel(GnP), nal-CPT-11 plus 5-FU plus Leucovorin, and FOLFIRINOX for 48 months sequentially. Each of which achieved a best overall response SD or better. However, Trousseau syndrome developed following community-acquired pneumonia during chemotherapy withdrawal due to myelosuppression. The disease progressed rapidly and resulted in her death 50 months after relapse. The results suggest that chemotherapy may have contributed significantly to disease control in this case.
Resistance evaluation of Cerasus sachalinensis Kom. to major root-knot nematodes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to find out the resistant germplasm resource value of Cerasus sachalinensis Kom.,by using pot plants and the method of inoculating,we studied their resistance to major root-knot nematodes.The results showed that:after 30days,(1)0.40%second stage juvenile nematodes(J2)invaded and 0.16% of them developed to female nematodes in all seedlings inoculated M.incognita;Cerasus sachalinensis Kom.were highly resistant to M.incognitaaccording to the standards of resistance evaluation.(2)1.20%second stage juvenile nematodes(J2)invaded and 0.80%of them developed to female nematodes in all seedlings inoculated M.hapla;Cerasus sachalinensis Kom.were highly resistant to M.hapla.(3)0.82 % second stage juvenile nematodes(J2)invaded and 0.60 % of them developed to female nematodes in all seedlings inoculated M.arenaria;Cerasus sachalinensis Kom.were highly resistant to M.arenaria.Resistance was widely segregated in seedlings;immune,highly resistant and resistant genotypes were found in seedlings;each resistant genotype to M.incognita was16.0%,80.0%and 4.0%,each resistant genotype to M.hapla was 2.0%,68.0%and 30.0%;each resistant genotype to M.arenaria was6.0%,78.0%and 16.0 %;Cerasus sachalinensis Kom.were an excellent resistant germplasm resource to M.incognita,M.hapla,and M.arenaria.
Potato Protein Isolate Stimulates Muscle Protein Synthesis at Rest and with Resistance Exercise in Young Women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Skeletal muscle myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) increases in response to protein feeding and to resistance exercise (RE), where each stimuli acts synergistically when combined. The efficacy of plant proteins such as potato protein (PP) isolate to stimulate MPS is unknown. We aimed to determine the effects of PP ingestion on daily MPS with and without RE in healthy women. In a single blind, parallel-group design, 24 young women (21 ± 3 years, n = 12/group) consumed a weight-maintaining baseline diet containing 0.8 g/kg/d of protein before being randomized to consume either 25 g of PP twice daily (1.6 g/kg/d total protein) or a control diet (CON) (0.8 g/kg/d total protein) for 2 wks. Unilateral RE (~30% of maximal strength to failure) was performed thrice weekly with the opposite limb serving as a non-exercised control (Rest). MPS was measured by deuterated water ingestion at baseline, following supplementation (Rest), and following supplementation + RE (Exercise). Ingestion of PP stimulated MPS by 0.14 ± 0.09 %/d at Rest, and by 0.32 ± 0.14 %/d in the Exercise limb. MPS was significantly elevated by 0.20 ± 0.11 %/d in the Exercise limb in CON (p = 0.008). Consuming PP to increase protein intake to levels twice the recommended dietary allowance for protein augmented rates of MPS. Performance of RE stimulated MPS regardless of protein intake. PP is a high-quality, plant-based protein supplement that augments MPS at rest and following RE in healthy young women.
Kelayakan Pengembangan Bisnis E-Marketplace Perjalanan Ibadah Umrah Pada PT. Sarana Transwisata Teknologi

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this fnal project is to analyze and find out the business feasibility of umra travelling e-marketplace development by PT Sarana Transwisata Teknologi, viewed from market and marketing aspect and environmental aspect. The problems that arise in the implementation of umrah worship trips in Indonesia have encouraged PT Sarana Transwisata Teknologi to provide the e-marketplace that offers quaranteed umrah pilgrimage products. Using the concept of strategic management and competitive advantage, this final project analyzes the feasibility of developing the iGoUmroh e-marketplace business in the Umrah pilgrimage industry. Based on observations and interviews with actors in the Umrah travel industry, iGoUmroh e-marketplace has a competitive advantage over its competitors in the form of guarantees from the official guarantor institution for the products offered in e-marketplace. However, iGoUmroh must always innovate to be able to create new competitive advantages in order to survive and lead in the industry for organizing umrah pilgrimages
Irony at z=6.68: a bright AGN with forbidden Fe emission and multi-component Balmer absorption

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the deepest medium-resolution JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy to date of a bright Little Red Dot (LRD) AGN, Irony at z=6.68. The data reveal broad Balmer emission from H$α$-H$δ$ and Balmer absorption in H$α$-H$ε$. The absorption lines are kinematically split: H$α$ is blueshifted while higher-order lines are redshifted suggesting complex gas kinematics; their relative ratios are inconsistent with a single, passive absorbing screen. The line depths require absorption of both the BLR and the continuum, ruling out a stellar origin, consistent with the smooth Balmer break. We fit the broad H$γ$-H$α$ lines and find the data favor a double-Gaussian effective profile, although exponential wings are evident. Depending on the adopted profile, single-epoch virial estimates give log(M$_\bullet$/M$_\odot$)=7.86-8.39 and $λ_{\rm Edd}$=1.7-0.4. The dynamical mass implied by the narrow lines is low log(Mdyn/M$_\odot$)=9.1, suggesting an overmassive black hole. The narrow lines display little attenuation, A$_V<0.5$ mag; while broad H$α$/H$β\sim9$ and the broad Balmer decrements are inconsistent with standard dust attenuation curves, suggesting collisional processes. The forbidden-line spectrum includes auroral [S II] and [N II], and a forest of [Fe II] lines. Line ratios and kinematics indicate a stratified narrow-line region with both low (n$_{\rm e}$=420 cm$^{-3}$) and high densities (n$_{\rm e}\gtrsim 6.3\times10^5$ cm$^{-3}$). We detect metal absorption lines in both the optical (Ca II and Na I) and UV range (Fe II UV1-UV3). Our results support a picture of a compact AGN embedded in a dense, high covering-factor and stratified cocoon, with complex neutral-gas kinematics. While the choice of broad-line profile affects the virial estimates of M$_\bullet$, we find the effect to be of order 0.6 dex between the different approaches.
Branding work inclusion: exploring multimodal (re)presentation in the Scandinavian welfare state

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This article investigates how promotional strategies used by work inclusion organizations reflect broader shifts in the role of work within occupational rehabilitation and active labor market policies (ALMPs). By situating the analysis in the historical trajectory from sheltered workshops to governance-oriented models of inclusion, the study examines how branding practices, viewed through the lens of brand society theory, reshape representations of work and welfare in the Scandinavian context. Design/methodology/approach A multimodal critical discourse analysis is conducted on promotional materials from two prominent organizations, Samhall (Sweden) and Work and Inclusion (Norway). The analysis is grounded in historical and theoretical perspectives, particularly the evolution of work in occupational rehabilitation and the concept of the brand society. Findings The findings indicate that promotional materials adopt corporate aesthetics and idealized portrayals of work, aligning with branding logics. The use of personal confessions as a branding tool raises ethical questions related to authenticity and agency. While promoting inclusion, these materials also reinforce support for national welfare state models. Originality/value This study contributes to the understanding of how branding practices intersect with work inclusion policy in Scandinavian welfare contexts. It offers an original theoretical synthesis of brand society and multimodal discourse analysis applied to ALMP implementation.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Clean‐Contaminated Head and Neck Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To determine the optimal duration and type of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing clean‐contaminated resection for head and neck cancer. Data Sources Search strategies were created by a medical librarian, implemented in multiple databases, and completed in June 2016. Review Methods The population of interest was adults ≥18 years undergoing clean‐contaminated head and neck surgery, intervention was postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, comparator was duration and types of antibiotics used, outcome was the wound infection rate, and the study design was randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Studies were excluded if not randomized, did not use systemic antibiotics, did not study wound infections, or included children. After excluding duplicates, the search strategy yielded 427 abstracts. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 67 studies were screened, leaving 19 RCTs for review. PRISMA guidelines were followed. A random‐effects model was used for meta‐analysis. Results Meta‐analysis of 340 patients in 4 RCTs showed that the pooled relative risk of wound infection was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58‐1.61; P =. 718; I 2 = 0.0%) in patients receiving 1 day vs 5 days of prophylaxis. Conclusion This study provides evidence that there is no difference in the risk of wound infection with 1 day vs 5 days of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in clean‐contaminated head and neck surgery, consistent with existing guidelines. Future large randomized trials are needed to more clearly define the appropriate choice of prophylaxis in penicillin‐allergic patients.
Preparation of Bone Glue Adhesives Using Epichlorohydrin Modification

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to solve the problem of that traditional bone glue adhesives were solid in room, a new technology of bone glue modifying was introduced. Epichlorohydrin was used as grafting agent, and then the modified bone glue was crosslinked with each other to obtain the novel bone glue adhesive. The effect factors such as the ratio of water and bone glue, the amount of sodium hydroxide, the time of reaction were studied to develop the modifying technics which was different to the traditional way.
Children's Joint Committee.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Based on data collected from 20,000 IUD users in Britain, it is suggested that the device not be the 1st choice of nulliparous women. Rekindled concern with long-term consequences of IUD use, raised incidence of pregnancy, expulsion of the device, bleeding or pain in nulliparous vs. parous users, and raised incidence of pelvic disease are discussed. The link between IUD use and pelvic inflammatory disease is bolstered by data showing a 3-fold increase in salpingitis in IUD users compared with women in general. When controlled for parity, a 7-fold increase in pelvic inflammation exists in nulliparous IUD users vs. nulliparous nonusers. Subsequent miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy in users vs. nonusers are special problems in women using the device as a means of delaying 1st pregnancy. A controlled prospective study is called for, since pelvic infection may affect subsequent fertility.
Negative space analysis for human action recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this thesis a novel region-based method is proposed to recognize human actions. Other region-based approaches work on the silhouette of the human body which is termed as the positive space according to art theory. On the contrary, we investigate and analyze regions surrounding the human body, termed as the negative space for human action recognition. This concept takes advantage of the naturally formed negative regions that can always be described/approximated using simple shapes, simplifying the job for action classification. Negative space is less sensitive to segmentation errors, overcoming some limitations of silhouette based methods such as leaks or holes in the silhouette caused by background segmentation. The proposed method also addresses the problem of long shadows which is one of the major challenges of human action recognition. Some systems attempted to suppress shadows during segmentation process but our system takes input of segmented binary images where the shadow is not suppressed or discarded. This makes our system less dependent on the segmentation process. Nonetheless, the system also tackles the problem of video sequences retrieval by query of complex human actions. The system consists of some hierarchical processing blocks: histogram analysis on segmented input image, motion and shape feature extraction, pose sequence analysis by employing Dynamic Time Warping and at last classification by Nearest Neighbor classifier. We evaluated our system by most commonly used datasets and achieved higher accuracy than the state of the arts methods. The proposed system is found relatively robust to partial occlusion, variations of clothing, noisy segmentation, illumination change, deformed actions etc. Furthermore, good accuracy can be achieved even when half of the negative space regions are ignored. This makes the proposed system robust with respect to segmentation error and distinctive from other approaches. In future, this system can be combined with positive space based methods to make an improved system in terms of accuracy and computational costs.