jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Acacia crassicarpa (Fabaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Acacia crassicarpa (Fabaceae), a nitrogen-fixing tree species, is critically important for coastal protection in southeast China. In this study, we report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of A. crassicarpa, with a length of 176,493 bp. It contains a pair of inverted repeats (IR 39,851 bp), a large single-copy region (LSC 91,869 bp), and a small single-copy region (SSC 4,922 bp). The complete genome comprises 138 genes, including 93 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, and 8 rRNA genes. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals that A. crassicarpa is closely related to A. podalyriifolia and A. dealbata.
New mutations and pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal disorders characterized by excessive production of mature blood cells. In the majority of classic MPN—polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primitive myelofibrosis—driver oncogenic mutations affecting Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) or MPL lead to constitutive activation of cytokine-regulated intracellular signaling pathways. LNK, c-CBL, or SOCSs (all negative regulators of signaling pathways), although infrequently targeted, may either drive the disease or synergize with JAK2 and MPL mutations. IZF1 deletions or TP53 mutations are mainly found at transformation phases and are present at greater frequency than in de novo acute myeloid leukemias. Loss-of-function mutations in 3 genes involved in epigenetic regulation, TET2, ASXL1, and EZH2, may be early events preceding JAK2V617F but may also occur late during disease progression. They are more frequently observed in PMF than PV and ET and are also present in other types of malignant myeloid diseases. A likely hypothesis is that they facilitate clonal selection, allowing the dominance of the JAK2V617F subclone during the chronic phase and, together with cooperating mutations, promote blast crisis. Their precise roles in hematopoiesis and in the pathogenesis of MPN, as well as their prognostic impact and potential as a therapeutic target, are currently under investigation.
End-user involvement in developing and field testing an online contraceptive decision aid

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Decision aids in the field of healthcare contribute to informed decision making. To increase the usefulness and effectiveness of decision aids, it is important to involve end-users in the development of these tools. This article reports on the development of an online contraceptive decision aid. Methods: An exploratory, qualitative study was conducted in the Netherlands between 2014 and 2016. The development process of the decision aid consisted of six steps and included a needs assessment and field test. Interviews were conducted with 17 female students. Results: The needs assessment provided information on the preferred content and structure of a contraceptive decision aid and guided the development of the online contraceptive decision aid prototype. Participants had an overall positive impression of the decision aid prototype during the field test. Minor revisions were made based on participants’ feedback. Participants expected that the decision aid would positively contribute to decision making by increasing knowledge and awareness regarding the available contraceptive methods and their features and attributes, and by opening up to other options than the known methods. Conclusion: The developed contraceptive decision aid can contribute to better informed decision making and consultation preparation. Involving end-users in development seems valuable to adapt decision aids to specific needs and to identify in what way a decision aid influences decision making.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Spinal Units

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This research presents an experimental and numerical study of the mechanical properties of the soft tissues. The elastic properties of the intervertebral disc (IVD) and the tear resistance of the connective tissues were evaluated to create insight into the mechanical characterization of the tissues. The optical and mechanical approaches used are promising for in vivo, and in vitro investigation of the mechanical behaviors. The outcomes will benefit the development of next generation biomedical devices for clinical diagnosis.
Control Efficacy of Enestroburin against Potato Late Blight

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Greenhouse tests and field trials were conducted to evaluate the control efficacy of enestroburin against potato late blight. The EC90 was 34.01 mg/L. It gets 80-90% control activity against potato late blight in field at the rate of 50-200 g a.i./ha. Enestroburin 25% EC showed good control efficacy when applied 2 to 3 times with 8 days interval at rate 100-200 g a.i./ha.
Learning Politics From Sivaram: The Life and Death of a Revolutionary Tamil Journalist in Sri Lanka

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Note on Transliteration, Translation, Names and Neutrality Three Prologues 1. Introduction: Why an Intellectual biography of Sivaram Dharmeratnam? 2. Learning Politics from Sivaram 3. The Family Elephant 4. Ananthan and the Readers Circle 5. From SR to Taraki - a 'serious unserious' journey 6. From Taraki to TamilNet: Sivaram as journalist, military analyst and Internet pioneer 7. States, Nations and Nationalism 8. Return to Batticaloa Bibliography Index
Reporting Under International Human Rights Instruments by African Countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In an address to the U.N. Commission on Human Rights on 31 January, 1994, the UN Under-Secretary-General for Human Rights stressed that the ratification of human rights instruments and die effective implementation of their provisions is fundamental in a world that aspires to the rule of law and the safeguard of fundamental freedoms. This followed the adoption of a resolution by the General Assembly of the United Nations which reaffirmed that the effective implementation of the international human rights instruments is of major importance to the organization and urged all states that have not yet done so to become parties to the two International Covenants and to consider acceding to the Optional Protocols to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
A Low-Power Digital Capacitive MEMS Microphone Based on a Triple-Sampling Delta-Sigma ADC With Embedded Gain

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A triple-sampling $\Delta \Sigma $ ADC can replace the programmable gain amplifier commonly used in the readout circuit for a digital capacitive MEMS microphone. The input voltage can then be multiplied by subtracting a further half-period delayed differential input and using the feedback capacitor of the DAC as a sampling capacitor. This triple-sampling technique results in a readout circuit with noise performance comparable to recent designs, but with a reduced power requirement and increased sensitivity. A MEMS microphone incorporating this readout circuit, fabricated in a $0.18~\mu \text{m}$ CMOS process, had an area of 0.98mm2, achieved an A-weighted SNR of 62.1 dBA at 94 dBSPL with 520 $\mu \text{A}$ current consumption, to which triple-sampling was shown to contribute 4.5 dBA.
Advances in DNA Vaccines

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DNA is a rapidly developing vaccine platform for cancer and infectious and non-infectious diseases. Plasmids are used as immunogens to encode proteins to be further synthesized in vaccine recipients. DNA is mainly synthetic, ensuring enhanced expression in the cells of vaccine recipients (mostly mammalians). Their introduction into the host induces antibody and cellular responses. The latter are often more pronounced, and mimic the events occurring in infection, especially viral. There are a few distinct ways in which the vaccine antigen can be processed and presented, which determine the resulting immune response and which can be manipulated. Routinely, the antigen synthesized within the host cell is processed by proteasome, loaded onto, and presented in a complex with MHC I molecules. Processing can be re-routed to the lysosome, or immunogen can be secreted for further presentation in a complex with MHC II. Apart from expression, vaccination efficacy depends on DNA delivery. DNA immunogens are generally administered by intramuscular or intradermal injections, usually followed by electroporation, which enhances delivery 1000-fold. Other techniques are also used, such as noninvasive introduction by biojectors, skin applications with plasters and microneedles/chips, sonication, magnetofection, and even tattooing. An intense debate regarding the pros and cons of different routes of delivery is ongoing. A number of studies have compared the effect of delivery methods at the level of immunogen expression, and the magnitude and specificity of the resulting immune response. The progress of research aiming at the optimization of DNA vaccine design, delivery, and immunogenic performance has led to a marked increase in their efficacy in large species and humans.
Three-Parameter Logarithm and Entropy

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A three-parameter logarithmic function is derived using the notion of q -analogue and ansatz technique. The derived three-parameter logarithm is shown to be a generalization of the two-parameter logarithmic function of Schwämmle and Tsallis as the latter is the limiting function of the former as the added parameter goes to 1. The inverse of the three-parameter logarithm and other important properties are also proved. A three-parameter entropic function is then defined and is shown to be analytic and hence Lesche-stable, concave, and convex in some ranges of the parameters.
Metastasizing oral melanoma in a cow Melanoma oral metastático em uma vaca

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A malignant dendritic melanoma of the oral cavity with metastases widely spread in a cow is described. The clinicopathological manifestations, developed during a two-year period, was characterized by the difficulty in mastication and swallowing, progressive weight loss, weakness and profuse sialorrhea. At the necropsy, an ulcerated black mass was found at the left jaw projecting into the oral cavity. The tumor reached the chin, inferior lip and tongue. Metastases were detected within the tongue, parotid gland, lymph nodes, trachea, thyroid, pleura, lungs, heart, peritoneum, omentum, and serosal membranes of the forestomach and abomasum, liver, and intima of some hepatic vessels, mammary gland, and muscles and fasciae of the left hind leg. No reference to metastasizing oral dendritic melanoma in the oral cavity of the cattle has been mentioned in the literature.<br>Neste trabalho, descreve-se um caso de melanoma dendrítico maligno da cavidade oral em uma vaca, com metástases amplamente disseminadas. A evolução clínica foi de dois anos, e o quadro clínico-patológico caracterizou-se por dificuldade na mastigação e deglutição, perda de peso progressiva, fraqueza e sialorréia profusa. À necropsia, uma massa enegrecida e ulcerada foi encontrada na mandíbula esquerda e projetava-se para a cavidade oral. O tumor envolvia principalmente a porção cranial do ramo horizontal esquerdo da mandíbula e alcançou o mento, o lábio inferior, a gengiva e a língua. Metástases foram detectadas na língua, na glândula parótida, nos linfonodos, na traquéia, na tireóide, na pleura, nos pulmões, no coração, no peritônio, no omento e na serosa dos pré-estômagos e do abomaso, do fígado e da íntima de alguns vasos hepáticos, da glândula mamária e das fáscias e dos músculos do membro posterior esquerdo. Histologicamente o tumor primário e as metástases eram do tipo dendrítico. Não encontramos referências a melanomas primários de mandíbula com metástases em bovinos.
Investigation of cytokine imbalance in schizophrenia, assessment of the possible role of serum cytokine levels in predicting treatment response, prognosis and psychotic relapses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Schizophrenia, a multisystem chronic psychiatric disorder of unknown etiology, is associated with several immune dysfunctions, including abnormal levels of circulating cytokines. Exsisting evidence shows a potential causative role for cytokines in schizophrenia symptom development. Furthermore, disease duration, symptom severity, aggressive behavior, and cognitive deficits are correlated with levels of certain cytokines. Despite the development of new antipsychotics, the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia often do not respond adequately to pharmacotherapy. Objectives Research questions and hypotheses: 1. Can there be a cytokine or cytokines among the different cytokine levels detected in schizophrenia that can be used as biomarkers of treatment response? 2. Can changes in cytokine levels indicate the occurrence of psychotic relapse? 3. Can changes in the cytokine level play a role in predicting the prognosis of the disease? The secondary objectives of the planned research, in addition to the above, are to clarify the knowledge gathered so far about the relationship between cytokine level changes and the clinical symptoms associated with them. Methods We investigate cytokine levels, blood samples are taken on hospital admission. Based on the publications, we mainly focus on the Il-2, Il-4, Il-6 and Il-10 levels, which can serve as possible predictive biomarkers relating to treatment response. We will also assess the possible role of abnormal cytokine levels and their association with symptoms severity and their potential clinical implications. The severity of the symptoms is monitored with the PANSS. Results 15 schizophrenic patients who were hospitalized due to a psychotic relapse have been included. Blood samples were taken to measure cytokine levels, the PANSS scale was recorded during a psychotic relapse. We have included 9 healthy, age- and gender-matched healthy controls in the study, from whom blood samples were taken to measure cytokine levels. Preparation for measurement of cytokine levels is underway. Patient involvement is ongoing. Conclusions A better understanding of cytokine imbalance in schizophrenia patients can potentially help in early diagnosis, novel therapeutic target indentification and development, patient stratification for choosing the best therapeutic protocol, and predicting prognosis, relapse and treatment response. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
A new paradigm for the sociology of knowledge : "The social construction of reality" after 25 years

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Der Verfasser arbeitet zunächst die zentrale paradigmatische Innovation in der Arbeit von Berger und Luckmann heraus. Diese wird in der Unterscheidung zwischen einer objektiven und einer subjektiven gesellschaftlichen Realität gesehen, wobei die objektive gesellschaftliche Realität, wiewohl Ergebnis sozialen Handelns, dem Individuum als von ihm getrennt und unabhängig existierend erscheint. Der Verfasser zeichnet die Wirkungsgeschichte des Buches in den USA und Europa nach. Er verweist besonders auf die Bedeutung, die die phänomenologische Analyse der Grundlagen des Alltagswissens bei Berger und Luckmann hat, und grenzt ihren sozialen Konstruktivismus gegen den subjektiven Konstruktivismus Watzlawicks ab. Abschließend wird die Bedeutung der Arbeit für die Wissenssoziologie zusammenfassend bewertet. (ICE)
Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition of harmonically forced turbulent flows

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Many turbulent flows exhibit time-periodic statistics. These include turbomachinery flows, flows with external harmonic forcing, and the wakes of bluff bodies. Many existing techniques for identifying turbulent coherent structures, however, assume the statistics are statistically stationary. In this paper, we leverage cyclostationary analysis, an extension of the statistically stationary framework to processes with periodically varying statistics, to generalize the spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) to the cyclostationary case. The resulting properties of the cyclostationary SPOD (CS-SPOD for short) are explored, a theoretical connection between CS-SPOD and the harmonic resolvent analysis is provided, simplifications for the low and high forcing frequency limits are discussed, and an efficient algorithm to compute CS-SPOD with SPOD-like cost is presented. We illustrate the utility of CS-SPOD using two example problems: a modified complex linearized Ginzburg-Landau model and a high-Reynolds-number turbulent jet.
Patients’ opinion on the role of promotional actions in creating an image of a medical facility

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

An increase in competitive actions in the healthcare industry caused a need for medical facilities to take marketing actions into consideration. Due to a specific character of an object of exchange in the market - a service that comes under a subjective assessment due to an asymmetry of information typical for the market, marketing actions should aspire to shape a positive image. The report categorizes basic notions connected with marketing tools that can be used in creating a marketing image of a medical facility. Th e analysis was expanded by results of studies conducted among patients from Lesser Poland. Their aim was to present opinions on the subject of factors shaping an image of a medical facility.
Sonnevi Göran. Mozart’s Third Brain.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Even outside the rich world of poetry, Göran Sonnevi, one of the most esteemed poets and translators in contemporary Sweden, is known to almost every Swede.When his thirteenth book, Mozarts Tredje Hjärna was published by Bonniers, Stockholm, in 1996, several Swedish critics mentioned the powerful combination of beauty and terror in his lyrics, and the fact that the poems also consisted of moments of simplicity with a stunning beauty, drawing the reader into big questions about our existence."The reader is in a room where time is a mass in which the whole is constantly accessible, he simultaneously tells about then and now, mixes personal memories with daily news and the historical …" (Arne Johnsson, Bonniers Litterära Magasin, 65.6 [1996], 44).The English translation, Mozart's Third Brain, translated by Rika Lesser, was published by Yale University Press in 2009.The title poem consists of 144 sections marked by Roman numerals and stretches from July 3, 1992, to June 12, 1996.As Rosanna Warren points out in the "Foreword," Sonnevi has "fanned out in long lines" these 144 sections that break "almost every poetic convention" (ix).Mozart's Third Brain is, on the one hand, an encompassing overview of the political unrest and social terror in Africa and the Former Yugoslavia in the first half of the 1990s.But, in another way, it is a conversation with himself and beloved friends, both living and dead.The poems, a journey in time, are often open-ended, with many significant themes such as our existence, politics, social reality, nature, music, language, and friendship.They keep coming back to Mozart, his music, and his genius.Sonnevi describes the way we merge into the infinite world of music, a world without time, without beginning or end-the speaker says "the song alone does not sing" (XXVIII).Images of social reality and music come together: "We are that language also that music," the speaker says in VI.In regard to the situation in Rwanda, the speaker continues: "oil of genocide on our hands, in our society" (XXVII).The speaker declares that "we enter into the infinite brain" (XXXII), a place where not only the political situation in Rwanda is discussed, but also Sarajevo and Srebrenica, and even nature, philosophy, and everyday life.In despair he asks "what holds us together?Only the impossible vision" (XXXII).The speaker in Mozart's Third Brain is tormented by social reality, a dark world, and the loss of dear friends.Music and nature alone provide some comfort from this harsh reality.In contrast to the ugliness in a world filled with violence and its despair, Sonnevi's language provides plenty of solace: for example, "the crocus opens its petals to the stars," as the speaker says in LIII.Some of the poems are conversations with friends who are ill and soon to pass away.To Bengt, after his passing, the speaker says "Now you are in the highest music" (XXXVI).In LXII
Cultivable Endophytic Fungi Producing Phosphatase of Rhizophora mucronata

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Low availability of phosphorus (P) is a major constraint for optimal crop production as in the soil it is mostly present in insoluble form. Therefore, the availability of phosphate in the soil can be improved by the utilization of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms. The existence of Rhizophora mucronata as the dominant species in the Wanatirta mangrove forest, Kulon Progo is estimated to be inseparable from the role of endophytic fungi that produce important compounds for the growth and development of host plants including production of phosphatase enzyme. This study aimed to determine the diversity of endophytic fungi from R. mucronata root and to evaluate their potential in producing phosphatase enzyme. Isolation of endophytic fungi was conducted by growing the pieces of the root on the Pikovskaya medium containing insoluble phosphate, namely calcium phosphate (Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ). Endophytic fungal isolates were purified on Potato Dextrose Agar medium. The screening test of phosphatase activity was performed to determine the ability of each isolate to produce phosphatase enzymes. The characterization of endophytic fungi isolates was carried out by observing the microscopic and macroscopic appearance of each isolate and then comparing it with the fungi identification book. The results obtained six endophytic fungi isolates of R. mucronata root, namely U2A, T2A, T3B, P2, P3A and P3B. The P2 isolate displayed a phosphatase activity characterized by the formation of a clear zone around the fungi isolate with the phosphate solubility index (PS1) is 2.04. Based on its morphological characteristics, P2 isolate belongs to the genus Penicillium.
The foundational effects of gender: Exploring Latin American elites’ perceptions of corruption

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Do women perceive corruption differently from men and why? Using elite survey data from over 3000 Latin American legislators nested in 49 country‐years, we explore who perceives corruption as an important national problem. We find that women legislators place more importance on corruption than men. We further examine three potential mechanisms to understand why: support for effective states, power marginalization, and corruption salience. We explore whether these mechanisms work through pathways of moderation or mediation. We find little support for hypotheses that gender interacts with these factors, but we do find that gender mediates who supports effective states and who is marginalized from power. In both the moderation and mediation analyses, we continue to find an underlying, robust effect of being a woman on rating corruption's importance. Thus, while debate over mechanisms remains, gender is foundational to explaining elites' corruption perceptions. Women consistently perceive corruption as more important than men.