jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Attention-based audio embeddings for query-by-example

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An ideal audio retrieval system efficiently and robustly recognizes a short query snippet from an extensive database. However, the performance of well-known audio fingerprinting systems falls short at high signal distortion levels. This paper presents an audio retrieval system that generates noise and reverberation robust audio fingerprints using the contrastive learning framework. Using these fingerprints, the method performs a comprehensive search to identify the query audio and precisely estimate its timestamp in the reference audio. Our framework involves training a CNN to maximize the similarity between pairs of embeddings extracted from clean audio and its corresponding distorted and time-shifted version. We employ a channel-wise spectral-temporal attention mechanism to capture salient time indices and spectral bands in the CNN features. The attention mechanism enables the CNN to better discriminate the audio by giving more weight to the salient spectral-temporal patches in the signal. Experimental results indicate that our system is efficient in computation and memory usage while being more accurate, particularly at higher distortion levels, than competing state-of-the-art systems and scalable to a larger database.
El efecto de la polisemia y las construcciones de se + clítico en la variación en los clíticos de tercera persona con el verbo llamar

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper describes the linguistic situation presented by the third person clitics used to refer to the direct object of the verb llamarwith data from Mexican Spanish. In the Hispanic grammatical tradition, studies on the phenomenon of the variation of third person clitics have focused on describing how their variability works in a general way with different types of verbs, however, there are very few analyzes in which a detailed study is made with a verb to observe the behavior of its clitics. Although the norm recommends expressing the direct object of the verb llamar with the clitics lo(s) and la(s), this verb has presented variation since its origins, it means, there is also the possibility of using the clitics le(s). The analysis of the data indicates that in Mexico there is a tendency to favor leísta solutions with this verb and this is mainly motivated by the “designativa” meaning of the verb, as well as by the use of se + clitic constructions.
Managing for Results: Opportunities for Continued Improvements in Agencies' Performance Plans

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the fiscal year (FY) 2000 performance plans of the 24 agencies covered by the Chief Financial Officers Act, focusing on the: (1) extent to which the agencies' plans include the three key elements of informative performance plans: (a) clear pictures of intended performance; (b) specific discussions of strategies and resources; and (c) confidence that performance information will be credible; and (2) degree of improvement the FY 2000 performance plans represent over the FY 1999 plans."
Cadmium exposure induces changes in gut microbial composition and metabolic function in long‐tailed dwarf hamsters, Cricetulus longicaudatus

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated that exposure to cadmium disrupts the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, resulting in damage to organ tissue. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the broader ecological reality associated with this phenomenon. In this study, we conducted a thorough evaluation of the effects of different concentrations of Cd (6, 12, 24, and 48 mg/L) over a period of 35 consecutive days on the organ viscera and the gut microbiota of long‐tailed dwarf hamsters, Cricetulus longicaudatus (Rodentia: Cricetidae), using histopathological analysis, 16S rDNA, and metagenome sequencing. Our findings revealed that the results suggest that Cd exposure induced liver, spleen, and kidney damage, potentially leading to increased intestinal permeability and inflammation. These alterations were accompanied by significant perturbations in the gut microbiota composition, particularly affecting potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Prevotella and Treponema within the gut ecosystem. Consequently, host susceptibility to underlying diseases was heightened due to these changes. Notably though, Cd exposure did not significantly impact the overall structure of the gut microbiota itself. Additionally, Cd exposure induced significant changes in the metabolic functions, with the pathways related to disease and environmental information processing notably enhanced, possibly indicating stronger innate defense mechanisms against external injuries among wild mammals exposed to Cd. This study offers a novel approach to comprehensively evaluate the significant impact of Cd pollution on ecosystems by investigating both structural and functional alterations in the digestive system, as well as disruptions in intestinal flora among wild mammals.
PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL, PROFITABILITAS DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of the research is to examine the relationship between managerial ownership, profitability and company size and company value in the non-cyclical consumer sector which is listed and active on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The use of causality research design in this research is to look for cause and effect relationships. The panel data regression method obtained a sample of 69 observation data which combined cross-section data from 23 companies with time-series data for three years from 2020 to 2022. The data in the research was processed using statistical analysis tools. The best random effect model was selected from the results of the Chow test, Hausman test and Lagrange multiplier test and has passed the classical assumption test. Data processing shows that partially managerial ownership and company size are proven to be unable to have a significant influence on company value. Meanwhile, the profitability variable is able to influence company value in a positive direction. It is hoped that the research results can help companies maintain factors that can optimize company value and help investors consider relevant factors in investment decisions.
Co-occurrence of White Sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) along Coastal Cape Cod, Massachusetts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Periodic aggregation and site fidelity are common occurrences for many terrestrial and aquatic species which are typically driven by resource availability. The white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) is a species driven by such patterns, with aggregation behavior throughout multiple stages of its life history. Juveniles exhibit resource-driven aggregations at nursery sites where they may reside for extended periods of time. Large juveniles, sub-adults, and adults tend to exhibit seasonal residency at aggregation sites along their migration routes. Atlantic white sharks form distinct communities during critical early phases of life, though little is known of spatiotemporal trends during later life stages. Using a five-year acoustic telemetry dataset from eastern Cape Cod, Massachusetts, this study investigated spatiotemporal associations between tagged individual white sharks (n=185). Network analysis was applied to acoustic detection data (n=365,880 detections) collected seasonally from 2017-2021, to identify strength of associations between groups or individuals. These analyses revealed sexual segregation and behavioral avoidance over the course of the five-year study. In each year and across all years combined, aggregating sharks exhibited overall significant negative co-occurrence patterns. This study found notable interannual variations in social dynamics as well as associations among male and female sharks across multiple years emphasizing the possibility of sex-specific variations in social behavior.
'Physiological hypertrophy of the heart' is a misnomer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The term ‘hypertrophy’ means an abnormal growth (eg, cardiac hypertrophy is understood as an abnormal growth of cardiac mass due to an increase in the size of myocytes). A second meaning of the term ‘physiological’ is, according to the dictionary, normal. Taking the above interpretations into consideration, we arrive at an amusing semantic incompatibility: cardiac physiological hypertrophy would mean ‘normal abnormal growth of the heart’. Authors who coined this term most likely intended to refer to cardiac hypertrophy achieved by physiological stimuli.
All-optical switching with a nematic coherent mixer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The Kerr-like (reorientational) response of nematic liquid crystals (NLC) can be exploited in a guided-wave configuration supporting two TM-polarized modes, by which an integrated-optics switch is demonstrated that is able to all-optically route the signal to either of two outputs. Although the switch optimization would require adiabatically tailored input and output Y-junctions to launch the excitation, its geometry is the simplest offering switching/routing with all-optical control at mW powers. Results on the switching speed is presented.
Risk Identification for the Construction of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Housing In Malaysia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The construction project is quite complex and involves many stages of the process as well as various parties involved in the realization of a construction project whether from the industry itself or the authorities. This work is a preparatory from the full length studies that aiming in developing a risk management framework for PPP Housing. This study is conducted after seen the necessary of a systematic analysis of risk in construction delay from cradle to grave i.e pre-construction to post-construction stages. Nevertheless, this study aim to develop a clear understanding among construction industry players and professionals in Malaysia. It is therefore important to find the risk factors that led to the delay and multiple parties involved that causing the delay.
A High Resolution Grammatical Model for Face Representation and Sketching

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we present a generative, high resolution face representation which extends the wellknown active appearance model (AAM)[5], [6], [7] with two additional layers. (i) One layer refines the global AAM (PCA) model with a dictionary of learned face components to account for the shape and intensity variabilities of eyes, eyebrows, nose and mouth. (ii) The other layer divides the face skin into 9 zones with a learned dictionary of sketch primitives to represent skin marks and wrinkles. This model is no longer of fixed dimensions and is flexible for it can select the diverse representations in the dictionaries of face components and skin features depending on the complexity of the face. The selection is modulated by the grammatical rules through hidden "switch" variables. Our comparison experiments demonstrate that this model can achieve nearly lossless coding of face at high resolution (256 x 256 pixels) with low bits. We also show that the generative model can easily generate cartoon sketches by changing the rendering dictionary. Our face model is aimed at a number of applications including cartoon sketch in non-photorealistic rendering, super-resolution in image processing, and low bit face communication in wireless platforms.
An X-Ray Diffraction Study on the Structures of Bis- and Tris(ethylenediamine)copper(II) Complexes in Solution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The structure of copper(II) complexes with ethylenediamine (en) in solution has been determined by means of X-ray diffraction. The measurements were performed at 25 °C for aqueous ethylenediamine solutions of copper(II) nitrate, the mole ratio (en/Cu) in the solutions being 2.09 and 5.14. In the former solution the bis(ethylenediamine)copper(II) complex was contained as the main species, while the tris(ethylenediamine)copper(II) complex was predominantly formed in the latter solution. The analysis of the X-ray scattering data of the solutions showed that in the bis-complex four nitrogen atoms of the two ethylenediamine molecules coordinated to the central metal ion at the distance of 1.93 Å in a planar form and oxygen atoms of two water molecules were located at 2.92 Å above and below the plane. Since the axial Cu–OH2 bond distance is very long, the structure of the bis-complex can be regarded as square-planar. In the tris-complex the equatorial Cu–N bond length was 1.92 Å, which was practically the same as that within the bis-complex. The axial Cu–N distance was 2.22 Å.
Multi‐modelling predictions show high uncertainty of required carbon input changes to reach a 4‰ target

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Soils store vast amounts of carbon (C) on land, and increasing soil organic carbon ( SOC ) stocks in already managed soils such as croplands may be one way to remove C from the atmosphere, thereby limiting subsequent warming. The main objective of this study was to estimate the amount of additional C input needed to annually increase SOC stocks by 4‰ at 16 long‐term agricultural experiments in Europe, including exogenous organic matter ( EOM ) additions. We used an ensemble of six SOC models and ran them under two configurations: (1) with default parametrization and (2) with parameters calibrated site‐by‐site to fit the evolution of SOC stocks in the control treatments (without EOM ). We compared model simulations and analysed the factors generating variability across models. The calibrated ensemble was able to reproduce the SOC stock evolution in the unfertilised control treatments. We found that, on average, the experimental sites needed an additional 1.5 ± 1.2 Mg C ha −1 year −1 to increase SOC stocks by 4‰ per year over 30 years, compared to the C input in the control treatments (multi‐model median ± median standard deviation across sites). That is, a 119% increase compared to the control. While mean annual temperature, initial SOC stocks and initial C input had a significant effect on the variability of the predicted C input in the default configuration (i.e., the relative standard deviation of the predicted C input from the mean), only water‐related variables (i.e., mean annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration) explained the divergence between models when calibrated. Our work highlights the challenge of increasing SOC stocks in agriculture and accentuates the need to increasingly lean on multi‐model ensembles when predicting SOC stock trends and related processes. To increase the reliability of SOC models under future climate change, we suggest model developers to better constrain the effect of water‐related variables on SOC decomposition. Highlights The feasibility of the 4‰ target was studied at 16 long‐term agricultural experiments. An ensemble of soil organic carbon models was used to estimate the uncertainty of the predictions. On average across the sites, carbon input had to increase by 119% compared to initial conditions. High uncertainty of the simulations was mainly driven by water‐related variables.
Robust Zero-crossings Detection in Noisy Signals using Topological Signal Processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We explore a novel application of zero-dimensional persistent homology from Topological Data Analysis (TDA) for bracketing zero-crossings of both one-dimensional continuous functions, and uniformly sampled time series. We present an algorithm and show its robustness in the presence of noise for a range of sampling frequencies. In comparison to state-of-the-art software-based methods for finding zeros of a time series, our method generally converges faster, provides higher accuracy, and is capable of finding all the roots in a given interval instead of converging only to one of them. We also present and compare options for automatically setting the persistence threshold parameter that influences the accurate bracketing of the roots.
The potential role of social and familial networks in shaping the well‐being of children in shelters for women survivors of intimate partner violence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Children living in households where severe intimate partner violence (IPV) exists sometimes move with their mothers to shelters for battered women. Although there is an increased interest in research exploring children's exposure to IPV, little is known about children's subjective experiences during their stay in shelters. The present study examines children's views of their disconnection from their social and familial networks during their stay in a shelter. Using qualitative methods, 32 children, ages 7–12 years, who resided in a shelter were interviewed. Thematic analysis was implemented to develop codes and themes. The following five themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) absence of grandparents, (b) worry about older siblings, (c) disconnection from the neighbourhood, (d) missing their house and (e) disconnection from previous school and classmates. Findings suggest that children's disconnection from previous formal and informal networks significantly affected their well‐being. The findings are discussed and interpreted in light of selected key concepts of Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model. The limitations of this study are discussed, along with implications for future research, as well as highlights for future intervention.
Design and dynamic analysis of main driving system for 1.5MW low-speed wind turbine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Low-speed wind generate turbine has a broad market prospect,the design and analysis of main driving system are the key technologies in the development of wind turbines.In this paper,a optimal main driving system was designed for 1.5 MW low-speed wind generate turbine through kinds of analysis,comparison and optimize,which are.built-in main shaft,the secondary planet gear stages plus primary parallel gear stage.An accurate MBS model of main driving system is set up by SIMPACK software.All natural frequencies and vibration focus are found out and the NMR is performed.The danger frequencies are checked by time domain simulation,the influence of vibration on wind turbine system based on the simulation result.The dynamic characteristics of drive train are used to verify the reliability of the design.
Max Weber in Politics and Social Thought

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Max Weber is widely regarded as one of the foundational thinkers of the twentieth century. But how did this reclusive German scholar manage to leave such an indelible mark on modern political and social thought? Max Weber in Politics and Social Thought is the first comprehensive account of Weber's wide-ranging impact on both German and American intellectuals. Drawing on a wide range of sources, Joshua Derman illuminates what Weber meant to contemporaries in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany and analyzes why they reached for his concepts to articulate such widely divergent understandings of modern life. The book also accounts for the transformations that Weber's concepts underwent at the hands of émigré and American scholars, and in doing so, elucidates one of the major intellectual movements of the mid-twentieth century: the transatlantic migration of German thought.
Agricultural Statistics in Sub-Saharan Africa: Differences in Institutional Arrangements and their Impacts on Agricultural Statistics Systems. A Synthesis of Four Country Case Studies.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A major push supporting improved data collection and analysis is required if African countries are to successfully design and implement results- based Poverty Reduction Strategy Programs (PRSP) and the Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Program (CAADP) being promoted by the New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD). Over the years there have been many initiatives to build statistical capacity in Africa. Many problems have plagued these efforts, including inadequate funding and the stop-go phenomenon. Recently the World Bank and development partners began a major new commitment to support Africa-wide improvements in statistical data through the Accelerated Data Program for Africa (ADP). It is hoped that this program will be more successful than previous programs by placing countries at the center of the program and building on the PRSP process. To improve the effectiveness of this effort the World Bank (WB ) Africa Region contracted with the Department of Agricultural Economics at Michigan State University (MSU) to carry out a desk study of the agricultural statistics programs in four countries: Mali, Zambia, Mozambique, and Rwanda. The objectives of the study are to: • draw on existing experience to review the institutional arrangements for the collection of agricultural statistics; • describe how information is collected and provided to meet macro and micro level policy requirements; and • identify ways to make the process more efficient and effective.
Suzaku Observations of the Cluster of Galaxies Abell 2052

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The results from Suzaku X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) observations of relaxed cluster of galaxies, Abell 2052, are presented. Offset pointing data were used to estimate the Galactic foreground emission in the direction of the cluster. Significant soft X-ray excess emission above this foreground, the intracluster medium emission, and other background components was confirmed and resolved both radially and spectroscopically. This excess can be described either by (a) local variations of known Galactic emission components or by (b) an additional thermal component with a temperature of about 0.2 keV, possibly associated with the cluster. The radial temperature and metallicity profiles of the intracluster medium were measured within $\sim\;$20$^\prime$ in radius (about 60% of the virial radius) from the cluster center. The temperature drops radially to 0.5–0.6 of the peak value at a radius of $\sim\;$15$^\prime$. The gas-mass-weighted metal abundance averaged over the observed region was found to be 0.21$\;\pm\;$0.05 times solar.