jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Studies in the Constitutional History of Tennessee. By Joshua W. Caldwell. (Cincinnati: The Robert Clarke Company. 1899. Pp. xiv, 183.)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Studies in the Constitutional History of Tennessee. By Joshua W. Caldwell. (Cincinnati: The Robert Clarke Company. 1899. Pp. xiv, 183.) Get access Studies in the Constitutional History of Tennessee. By Caldwell Joshua W.. (Cincinnati: The Robert Clarke Company. 1899. Pp. xiv, 183.) Edmund C. Burnett Edmund C. Burnett Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 5, Issue 2, December 1899, Pages 382–383, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/5.2.382 Published: 01 December 1899
Negotiating knowledge in a researcher and teacher collaborative research partnership

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article the authors report the findings of a collaborative partnership between university researchers and school teams of administrators and teachers and how different kinds of knowledge were negotiated during the process of undertaking action research. The authors’ analysis sheds light on the subtle and complex negotiations that occur so that both groups can display their expertise in a variety of areas, while at the same time allowing the other the space to be experts themselves. They believe that this study contributes to the development of more complex understandings of how researchers and teachers develop and negotiate knowledge while engaged in collaborative research.
Asymmetry of counterfactual dependence and defense of Lewis's argument

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Arrow of time is well known problem in physics and concerns explanation of the status of the second law of thermodynamics. The problem, however, soon made noise in various philosophical discussions: on knowledge, causality, etc. David Lewis, partially motivated by his counterfactual analysis of causality, introduced the problem of arrow of time in discussion on counterfactuals. After his article in which he had tried to ground asymmetry of counterfactuals in the second law of thermodynamics, there were numerous reactions on such kind of project. In the first part, I will introduce Lewis' theory in detail, and in the second part I will introduce some of the main critiques of such a view, focusing on Elga's critique. The third part will be saved for Loewer's and Albert's argument in favor of a very broad view of Lewis' project. In the part four, I will present strengthening of their argument, while explaining how we could apply it closer to Lewis' original view. Finally, I will make some concluding remarks regarding possible confusion on argument for supporting Lewis, as well as the additional requirements for any future work in that direction. Also, because of the nature of the mentioned arguments, in the appendix I will, very briefly, present an overview of the arrow of time problem from the perspective of physics.
Melatonin-induced protein synthesis in the rat parotid gland.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Melatonin occurs in large amounts in the intestinal mucosa and is released during a meal. Recent studies of ours reveal that exogenous melatonin evokes the in vivo secretion of protein and amylase from the rat parotid gland. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on the protein synthesis of the parotid gland of pentobarbitone-anaesthetised rats as estimated by the rate of incorporation of [³H]leucine into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material of the gland. Compared with the parotid protein synthesis (set at 100%) of those rats exposed to an intravenous infusion of melatonin (25 mg/kg during 1 hour), under muscarinic and α- and β-adrenoceptor blockade, the synthesis in the corresponding glands of saline-treated control rats was less (by 25%). The synthesis was also less when the melatonin administration was combined with the melatonin 2-preferring receptor antagonist luzindole (24%), the non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME (18%) and the neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-PLA (21%). Almost all the melatonin receptor-mediated effect was due to nitric oxide generation via the activity of neuronal type nitric oxide synthase. The present findings lend further weight to the idea that salivary glandular activity associated with food intake is hormonally influenced and they also suggest clinical implications for melatonin in the treatment of xerostomia. Since melatonin is known to exert anti-inflammatory actions in the oral cavity, the stimulatory effect of melatonin may include the synthesis of proteins of importance for the oral defence.
SAN: Learning Relationship between Convolutional Features for Multi-Scale Object Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Most of the recent successful methods in accurate object detection build on the convolutional neural networks (CNN). However, due to the lack of scale normalization in CNN-based detection methods, the activated channels in the feature space can be completely different according to a scale and this difference makes it hard for the classifier to learn samples. We propose a Scale Aware Network (SAN) that maps the convolutional features from the different scales onto a scale-invariant subspace to make CNN-based detection methods more robust to the scale variation, and also construct a unique learning method which considers purely the relationship between channels without the spatial information for the efficient learning of SAN. To show the validity of our method, we visualize how convolutional features change according to the scale through a channel activation matrix and experimentally show that SAN reduces the feature differences in the scale space. We evaluate our method on VOC PASCAL and MS COCO dataset. We demonstrate SAN by conducting several experiments on structures and parameters. The proposed SAN can be generally applied to many CNN-based detection methods to enhance the detection accuracy with a slight increase in the computing time.
4-Dimethylaminopyridine-Catalyzed Metal-Free Aerobic Oxidation of Aryl α-Halo Esters to Aryl α-Keto Esters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A novel, metal-free aerobic oxidation method is described. 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) successfully catalyzed the oxidation of aryl α-halo esters to corresponding aryl α-keto esters (up to 95% yield) under mild reaction conditions (Li2CO3, dimethylacetamide, air, and room temperature). A mechanism has been proposed where the oxidation proceeds through a [3 + 2] cycloaddition between O2 in an air atmosphere and pyridinium ylides. The ylides are supposedly generated from aryl α-halo esters and DMAP in the presence of carbonates. Based on the plausible mechanism, the potential of DMAP as a catalyst in oxidation reactions was extended.
Evaluation of phase, microstructural and mechanical characteristics in stir casted AA6351-Gr-TiC hybrid metal matrix composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The demand for advanced materials with enhanced mechanical properties for various engineering applications has spurred research into hybrid metal matrix composites. This study aims to explore the influence of incorporating Gr-TiC reinforcement particles into the AA6351 metal matrix. The fabrication process involved adding different weight percentages of Gr-TiC (0.5-0.5, 1.0-1.0, 1.5-1.5, and 2.0-2.0 wt%) to the AA6351 metal matrix using the liquid metallurgy technique. Comprehensive analyses were conducted on the fabricated samples to assess their phase, microstructure, EDS, density, hardness, tensile strength and fractured morphology. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the interfacial bonding between the matrix and reinforcement particles caused a preparatory stage of development. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the reinforcement particles were uniformly distributed throughout the aluminum matrix. Due to the presence of graphite and porosity in the fabricated samples, the density of the aluminum metal matrix decreased. The samples with a reinforcement proportion of 2.0 wt% graphite and 2.0 wt% TiC exhibited the lowest density of 2.61 gram/cc. The maximum levels of hardness, engineering ultimate tensile strength, and true ultimate tensile strength were observed at a weight percentage of 1.0 wt% for both Gr and TiC, with values of 85 HRC, 206.7 N/mm 2 , and 260.43 N/mm 2 respectively.
DEGENERATION OF ENDOMORPHISMS OF THE COMPLEX PROJECTIVE SPACE IN THE HYBRID SPACE

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider a meromorphic family of endomorphisms of degree at least 2 of a complex projective space that is parameterized by the unit disk. We prove that the measure of maximal entropy of these endomorphisms converges to the equilibrium measure of the associated non-Archimedean dynamical system when the system degenerates. The convergence holds in the hybrid space constructed by Berkovich and further studied by Boucksom and Jonsson. We also infer from our analysis an estimate for the blow-up of the Lyapunov exponent near a pole in one-dimensional families of endomorphisms.
Environment is crucial to the cooking time of beans

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objectives of this study were to understand how genotype, storage time, and storage conditions affect cooking time of beans and to indicate storage techniques that do not affect the cooking time. The grains were subjected to five different storage periods and six different storage conditions. The cooking time was estimated using the Mattson Cooker. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and a subsequent adjustment of simple linear regression for deployment of the interactions between the factors. Contrasts were used to determine the best levels of the factor storage condition. Genotype did not impact cooking time when the storage time and storage conditions were considered. Time and storage conditions affect the cooking time of beans in a dependent manner, but time of storage had the biggest influence. The best conditions for long-term storage of beans ensuring a smaller increase in cooking time is plastic storage at low temperatures. Thus, plastic freezer storage is a practical alternative for consumers.
Morfologia i funkcje śródmieścia Stambułu na przykładzie dzielnic Sultanahmet i Cankurtaran

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The author's aim was to show considerable scope of morphology and functions of the small area within the great city and, simultaneously, in spite of important political, economic and social changes, a durability of its primordial urban pattern, the most stable element of the urban fabric.Two chosen districts of Istanbul, Sultanahmet and Cankurtaran, are unique. Their urban development can be dated back over 2000 years, and thus there are many remnants of the past: well-preserved and monumental historic buildings and the general spatial pattern. Due to this long, often dramatic history, successive cultural strata were accumulated there, being a result of work and life of successive generations. Those changes were of both, revolution and evolution character, caused by the invasions and implementations of new regimes. The central part of the hill, traditionally referred to as the 'First Hill', even now resembles Roman and Byzantine urban patterns, with the residential zone being typical for the traditional Ottoman city. The Topkapi Palace is a unique structure of its own.The First Hill was always the heart of the city (called Byzantion, later on Constantinople and nowadays Istanbul), being a capital of three great empires. Its imperial character is seen through the scale of urban solutions, monumental buildings and art. When administrative functions were withdrawn from this area and former palaces became museums, a mass tourism appeared, subordinating all remaining functions of Sultanahmet and Cankurtaran.The main problems of those two districts are how to reconcile the necessity of cultural heritage and traditional urban pattern protection with growing pressure from tourism development. This is the task for local authorities and local community alike. The tourism will remain, no doubt, the main function of this area in the future. But the most important thing is to ensure sustainable, well-balanced development, in accordance with the local context, the needs of local population and the exigency of preservation of the unique historical and urban character of those districts. If not, their value will perish.
Removal of refractory organic substances with activated carbon and advanced oxidation techniques for water purification : technology review and regeneration experiment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide supported on AC (N-TiO2/AC) composite potentially serves as solar-regenerable composites. This promising material was synthesized to explore its potential application in water treatment. To characterize this material, the X-ray diffractometer (XRD), QuantaChrome Autosorb-1 Analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used. The investigation of the regeneration efficiency (RE) as achieved by this composite was set as the aim of this project. To accomplish the entire regeneration process, the author was involved in synthesizing, characterizing the composite, evaluating the adsorption capacity and investigating the different governing parameters that may influence RE. The trend of the regeneration efficiency under different parameters such as N-TiO2/AC composite dosages, operating temperature, light intensity and cycles of reuse was obtained. N-TiO2/AC is able to achieve reasonable regeneration efficiency with low capital costs, low facility requirement and low environmental hazard which cannot be all achieved by other regeneration methods. This composite presents its good ability and foreground in real application for water reclamation.
Morphological and functional assessment of the uterus: “one-stop shop imaging” using a compressed-sensing accelerated, free-breathing T1-VIBE sequence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The combination of motion-insensitive, high-temporal, and spatial resolution imaging with evaluation of quantitative perfusion has the potential to increase the diagnostic capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the female pelvis. Purpose To compare a free-breathing compressed-sensing VIBE (fbVIBE) with flexible temporal resolution (range = 4.6–13.8 s) with breath-hold VIBE (bhVIBE) and to evaluate the potential value of quantifying uterine perfusion. Material and Methods A total of 70 datasets from 60 patients (bhVIBE: n = 30; fbVIBE: n = 40) were evaluated by two radiologists. Only temporally resolved reconstruction (fbVIBE) was performed on 30 of the fbVIBE datasets. For a subset (n = 10) of the fbVIBE acquisitions, a time- and motion-resolved reconstruction (mrVIBE) was evaluated. Image quality (IQ), artifacts, diagnostic confidence (DC), and delineation of uterine structures (DoS) were graded on Likert scales (IQ/DC/DoS: 1 (non-diagnostic) to 5 (perfect); artifacts: 1 (no artifacts) to 5 (severe artifacts)). A Tofts model was applied for perfusion analysis. Ktrans was obtained in the myometrium (Mm), junctional zone (Jz), and cervix (Cx). Results The median IQ/DoS/DC scores of fbVIBE (4/5/5 κ >0.7–0.9) and bhVIBE (4/4/4; κ = 0.5–0.7; P > 0.05) were high, but Artifacts were graded low (fbVIBE/bhVIBE: 2/2; κ = 0.6/0.5; P > 0.05). Artifacts were only slightly improved by the additional motion-resolved reconstruction (fbVIBE/mrVIBE: 2/1.5; P = 0.08); fbVIBE was preferred in most cases (7/10). Significant differences of Ktrans values were found between Cx, Jz, and Mm (0.12/0.21/0.19; P < 0.05). Conclusion The fbVIBE sequence allows functional and morphological assessment of the uterus at comparable IQ to bhVIBE.
Structure of complex preparedness of students - women's of higher technical institute of different sporting specializations

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The features of structure of psychophysiological possibilities and physical preparedness of students are considered. 87 students took part in research. Possibilities of students are appraised for to a 21 index of the complex testing. Individual factor values are certain for every student. The average factor models of preparedness of students are made. The level of expressed of every factor is certain depending on sporting specialization.
Correlates of intimate partner violence in Bhutan: Evidence from the 2012 National Health Survey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper is to examine the factors associated with partner violence (IPV) in Bhutan. Design/methodology/approach The nationally representative National Health Survey data conducted in 2012 was used. The survey included 12,210 women aged 15–75 years. Multiple logistic regression accounting for complex survey design was performed to assess the possible association of the putative factors with physical, sexual, psychological and any IPV experienced in the past 12 months before the survey. Findings Alcohol consumption, quarrelling habits and extramarital relationships of husbands/partners were associated with the experience of all types and any IPV. Women performing household chores had increased odds of sexual and any IPV, and those whose husbands had low education levels were more likely to experience physical IPV. Women living in households with >9 members had reduced odds of physical and any IPV. Women married to older husbands/partners were less likely to be psychologically abused. Women from poorer wealth quintiles and who married before reaching 18 years of age also had greater odds of any IPV. Originality/value Poor relationship quality, alcohol use, household size, low education, early marriage, poor wealth status and husband’s age were factors associated with one or more types of IPV in Bhutan. Interventions to reduce alcohol use, transform social norms, promote healthy relationships and enhance female empowerment through socio-economic programs may help prevent IPV.
A Rare Chest Wall Deformity; Poland Syndrome: Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poland Syndrome is a rare chest wall anomaly which is often noticed by the patient’s family in childhood. Physiologic and psychologic problems may develop in the following years but rarely need surgery for this pathology. A 13 year-old boy was admitted to our clinic for chest wall shape defect. After the clinical workup, Poland Syndrome was diagnosed. The patient, who had no indication for operation, is being followed up by informing his family. (Gazi Med J 2011; 22: 49-51)
The Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator Flap for the Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa of the Axilla: A Prospective Comparative Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a common chronic condition that is often resistant to conservative treatment and requires a wide and aggressive surgical approach to prevent recurrence. A prospective study was performed comparing the outcomes of thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap-based reconstruction and secondary intention closure (SIC) after wide local excision (WLE) of axillary HS. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 68 patients with stage 3 axillary HS. Thirty-three patients underwent a WLE procedure and were left to heal by secondary intention (SIC group), and 35 patients underwent immediate reconstruction with a homolateral TDAP flap (TDAP group). Inpatient stay, healing time, postoperative complications rate, and pain were analyzed in both groups, comparing preoperative shoulder function (using Constant-Murley shoulder outcome score) and quality of life (using a dermatology life quality index) with postoperative shoulder function and quality of life. Results: Patients receiving TDAP flaps had significantly faster recovery, fewer complications, and fewer overall number of procedures than those who underwent SIC. All patients reported an improved quality of life after their operation. The TDAP group showed significantly more improvement than the SIC group ( P < 0.001). Patients receiving TDAP flaps reported a significant reduction in pain and discomfort and better shoulder function compared with patients in the SIC group ( P < 0.001). Conclusions: WLE and TDAP flap-based reconstruction for axillary stage 3 HS provide optimal postprocedural functional results with a low complication rate. Complete remission of the disease was observed after the procedure. Despite the relatively slow learning curve of this procedure, the authors strongly recommend this technique as a very good option for the management of stage 3 axillary HS. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, II.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Facile Environmentally Benign Oxidative Electrocyclization of Acylthiosemicarbazone into Biodynamic 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A variety of 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles (II) (12 examples) are synthesized by controlled potential electrolysis of acylthiosemicarbazones (I) and screened for their antifungal activity.
Buccal cell DNA yield, quality, and collection costs: comparison of methods for large-scale studies.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is considerable interest in noninvasive and cost-effective methods for obtaining DNA in large-scale studies. In this randomized crossover study of 22 participants, we compared the DNA yield, quality, and associated costs of buccal cell DNA collected using cytobrushes (three brushes per collection) and swish (i.e., mouthwash) in self-administered procedures. There was a nonstatistically significant higher yield from the mouthwash compared with cytobrush collections (15.8 microg versus 12.0 microg, respectively; P = 0.53). PCR reactions that required short (0.3 kb) or intermediate (1.1 kb) DNA fragments were 100% successful for DNA from brush and mouthwash, whereas PCRs for reactions that required long fragments (7.8 kb) failed for all of the participants from cytobrush DNA and were 81% successful for DNA from the mouthwash source. The brush collections provided sufficient DNA for an estimated 150-225 PCR reactions requiring short and intermediate DNA fragments. The estimated per person costs for buccal brush DNA collections in large studies were less then half (8.50 dollars) those for the mouthwash method (18 dollars). In addition, we tested whether cytobrush instructions to rub cheeks before collection or collect cells only in the morning increased DNA yield and whether repeat brushings of the same cheek reduced DNA yield. These variations resulted in no significant differences in DNA yields. We conclude that the collection of DNA with cytobrushes using simple instructions is cost effective in large-scale studies, and yields sufficient quantity and quality of DNA for genotyping.
Social Mobility in Late Antique Gaul

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Social Mobility in Late Antique Gaul, Allen Jones explores the situation of the non-elite living in Gaul during the late fifth and sixth centuries. Drawing especially on evidence from Gregory of Tours' writings, he formulates a social model based on people of all ranks who were acting in ways that were socially advantageous to them, such as combining resources, serving at court, and participating in ostentatious religious pursuits, such as building churches. Viewing the society as a whole, and taking into account specific social groups, such as impoverished prisoners, paupers active at churches, physicians, and wonder-working enchanters, Jones creates an image of Barbarian Gaul as an honor-driven, brutal, and flexible society defined by social mobility. His work also addresses topics such as social engineering and competition, magic and religion, and the cult of saints.