jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experiences of self-disclosure among tuberculosis patients in rural Southern Malawi

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Tuberculosis (Tb) is a significant public health problem in Southern Africa, largely as a consequence of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Self-disclosure of diagnosis to others within the patients' social environment may be problematic because the diagnosis of Tb may attract stigma, largely derived from the association of this disease with HIV infection. In Malawi, there are limited reports of the diagnosis disclosure experiences of Tb patients.A qualitative study using in-depth interviews was conducted in Thyolo, a rural southern Malawi district to: (1) explore the relationship of persons to whom Tb patients disclose their diagnoses; and (2) identify the motivations for such disclosures.Thirty-two adult Tb patients participated in the study. Their ages ranged from 22 to 49 years (median 31 years), and 19 were male. The majority of patients reported having disclosed their disease status to close family members, such as spouses, siblings and parents; only a few had disclosed their status to their children. The most common way of disclosure was through personal discussion between the patient and their significant others. Study participants perceived that disclosure brought returns in terms of encouragement and empowerment. Some patients felt stigmatized or feared stigmatization following disclosure of their disease status, and some patients on antiretroviral therapy for HIV felt stigmatized by fellow patients. Patient-to-patient interaction was perceived as a valuable resource in trying to cope with a Tb diagnosis.The findings of this study suggest that Tb patients in southern Malawi were interested in disclosing their Tb diagnosis if they felt they would not be stigmatized or stood to gain as a result of self-disclosure. Disclosure of diagnosis was facilitated by trust, a feeling of safety, and a sense of obligation to others. The perceived stigmatization of patients by other patients is cause for concern. This study calls for the health education of patients, with the intention of facilitating positive behaviors towards other patients.
The role of 18F-DOPA/18F-choline PET/CT in brain tumours

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1828 Objectives Current imaging modalities as FDG PET/CT, MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS) have some limitations, particularly with regard to differentiating tumor from radiation induced necrosis (RIN) and from normal cerebral metabolic uptake. 18F-DOPA/18F-choline PET/CT (FDOPA/FCH) seem to be useful diagnostic tools. Methods 12 patients were prospectively studied with FDOPA/FCH, performed between March 2011 and May 2012: 9 pts with gliomas (3 in staging and 6 in restaging) and 3 with brain metastasis (2 lung carcinomas and one breast cancer). In 6 pts in restaging MRI failed in differentiating tumour relapse from radiation induced necrosis: so they were studied with FDOPA/FCH PET/CT scan. Brain FDOPA/FCH was performed 10 minutes after iv injection of 3,5 MBq/Kg of 18F-FCH or 4 MBq/Kg of 18F-DOPA. FDOPA/FCH was compared with 99mTc-sestaMIBI SPECT/CT (SPECT/CT), MRI, CT and subsequent pathologic analysis. Results FDOPA/FCH was considered pathological in 12/12 (100%) patients. In one case FDOPA evidenced three lesions (right frontal lobe, left parasagittal frontal and corpus callosum lesion), MRI evidenced only two (right frontal lobe and corpus callosum lesion) and SPECT/CT only one (right frontal lobe) lesion. This case was re-studied with Radiology specialist. FDOPA/FCH and MRI in other cases had the same sensitivity. FDOPA/FCH had an overall sensitivity of 100% while MRI sensitivity was of 91%. The diagnostic accuracy of FDOPA/FCH was of 100% vs. MRI of 91%. Conclusions FCH PET/CT may offer a potential advantage in imaging of brain tumors, similar to MIBI SPECT/CT, but with higher spatial resolution. FDOPA PET/CT in recurrent gliomas treated with radiation therapy, seems to be a good tool, especially when MRI cannot differentiate tumour from radiation induced necrosis. FDOPA PET scan seems to have higher sensitivity than MRI. FDOPA/FCH PET/CT are optimal for imaging of both high and low grade tumors. Our early experience with FCH tracer in PET imaging is encouraging.
CELLULAR SIGNALING BY TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Conference Abstract| October 01 2000 CELLULAR SIGNALING BY TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION J. Schlessinger J. Schlessinger 1Dept. of Pharmacology and the Skirball Institute and NYU Medical School, New York, NY 10016 USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 2000 Biochemical Society2000 Biochem Soc Trans (2000) 28 (5): A128. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a128 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. Schlessinger; CELLULAR SIGNALING BY TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 2000; 28 (5): A128. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a128 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2000 Biochemical Society2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
SupplementalMaterial_20200712_xyz46925bc957877_1 – Supplemental material for Associations Between Physician Supply Levels and Amenable Mortality Rates: An Analysis of Taiwan Over Nearly 4 Decades

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, SupplementalMaterial_20200712_xyz46925bc957877_1 for Associations Between Physician Supply Levels and Amenable Mortality Rates: An Analysis of Taiwan Over Nearly 4 Decades by Brian K Chen, Dakshu Jindal, Y. Tony Yang, Nicole Hair and Chun-Yuh Yang in Health Services Insights
A bi-objective optimization model to plan vaccination campaigns

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Vaccination campaigns have saved thousands of lives, reaching the farthest places in the world. These campaigns have required substantial investments and accurate coordination between several actors within the vaccine supply chain. Despite these successful strategies, the outbreak of COVID-19 has altered the objectives and rules of undertaking vaccine campaigns. Then, it is essential to consider two new facts in planning vaccination campaigns. First, some groups of infected people by the virus are more vulnerable to severe illness. Second, the virus is exceptionally contagious; sometimes, no symptoms are apparent. Accordingly, we propose a bi-objective optimization model that allows healthcare decision-makers to design effective vaccination campaigns by considering these COVID-19 characteristics and controlling the associated costs. Careful utilization of temporary and traditional vaccination centers is crucial to creating a more robust strategy. Located in suitable places, temporary centers help increase the probability of reaching groups difficult to be vaccinated while simultaneously avoiding crowd congestion and reducing the risk of spreading infections in dispensing vaccination centers. Experiments were conducted using data from an area in Santiago, Chile. The results show the model allows us to manage the resources by providing a variety of vaccination plans according to the prioritization level of each objective.
Physical Layer Performance of a Cooperative Amplify and Forward Scheme for MIMO WLANs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a novel cooperative amplify and forward (CAF) architecture for MIMO WLANs to improve their coverage and transmission rates, without requiring any modifications in the IEEE 802.11 standards at the clients. System models are used for analyzing the physical layer of CAF networks, and compared with the conventional amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) networks. Numerical results demonstrate that the CAF network clearly outperforms conventional 802.11 networks, and AF and DF networks in terms of coverage and throughput.
System identification and PI control applied to refrigeration system for mango exportation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the northern region of Peru, the agro-export sector has grown considerably in the last ten years. In Piura specifically, it can be seen a huge expansion in products such as grape, mango and banana. Cooling systems are important for the agro-export sector representing between 40 and 50% of total electricity consumption, so it is necessary to have efficient automated cooling systems that would meet high quality and performance standards.In this article, a model based on transfer function has been identified for the refrigeration pilot plant of the University of Piura and a PI controller has been designed for said model, comparing its performance in relation to the ON OFF controllers currently used in the Peruvian agro-industry. The control variable was the compressor frequency and the controlled variable was the internal temperature of the cold-room.The refrigeration pilot plant of the University of Piura has the infrastructure of refrigeration systems used in Peruvian industry. The experiments were carried out for mango whose conservation temperature is 9° C. Settling time and overshoot were evaluated, between the PI controller and the traditional ON OFF control. The results show a stable temperature control with a dynamical response free of significant overshoot and zero offset between the process variable and the setpoint for steady state.
Near-term distributed simulation of apparel manufacturing

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The design and implementation of a near-term simulator for apparel manufacturing are described. The primary purpose of a simulator is to provide management with a tool for production planning. In order to run as accurate a simulation as possible, data describing the status of the apparel plant are continually collected by a real-time shop-floor control system. These data are then used as input to the simulator. In order to increase the speed of the simulator and reduce the response time, the simulator is implemented on a multiprocessor system consisting of 17 T-800 Inmos Transputers with a Compaq Deskpro 386/25 serving as the front-end processor. A user enters a plan for the next production period and receives back more than 70 different measures of performance of shop-floor operations. The user may iterate this process, making modifications to the plan, until the simulated shop-floor performance is satisfactory. The final result is a detailed plan for the next production period.< >
Benzothiazolyl substituted iminothiazolidinones and benzamido-oxothiazolidines as potent and partly selective aldose reductase inhibitors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Two new series of oxothiazolidine benzoate and acetate derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as aldehyde reductase (ALR1) and aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitors.
International biodiversity offsets

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Introduction Intensifying patterns of international trade resulting from globalization create significant challenges for conservation efforts (see Chapter 2 for a more nuanced discussion of the relationship between globalization and conservation). By increasing primary commodity imports (meat, wood, coffee, sugar, etc.), developed nations are indirectly exporting environmental pressures to resource-rich developing countries in the form of heightened land-use change largely manifesting as deforestation and, consequently, increased biodiversity loss (see Chapter 6). Compounding these international drivers of extinction are more local pressures stemming from overpopulation, poverty and a general lack of local incentives for conservation. Together, global and local development pressures have contributed to the growth of the current species extinction rate to between 100 and 1,000 times faster than the historic average (Pimm and Brooks 2000).
Modeling Late Cretaceous Climate and Vegetation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Late Cretaceous was much warmer than today. There was \nno significant ice at high latitudes, meridional thermal gradients were low, \nand continental interiors remained warm during winter. Late Cretaceous \natmospheric C02 concentrations were about four times greater than today \nand an enhanced "greenhouse" effect contributed to the overall warmth \nof the Late Cretaceous. However , increases in atmospheric C02 tend to \nincrease temperatures at all latitudes and do not explain the very low \nthermal gradients recognized in the geologic record. Increased poleward \nocean heat transport has been cited as a mechanism for maintaining low \nmeridional thermal gradients during the Cretaceous. However , ocean heat \ntransport values larger than the present day are difficult to reconcile. In \naddition, low meridional thermal gradients suggest sluggish atmospheric \ncirculation, implying that the advection of heat from the warm oceans \ninto the continental interiors was limited. In general, paleoclimate simulations \nusing Atmospheric General Circulations Models (AGCMs) have not \nbeen successful in simulating the low meridional thermal gradients and \nwarm winter continental interiors of the Cretaceous, forcing the concept \nof "equability" to be questioned. \nUntil recently, the physical effects of vegetation on pre-Quaternary \nclimates have largely been ignored. Terrestrial ecosystems influence global \nclimate by affecting the exchange of energy, water, and momentum between the land surface and the atmosphere. In a new approach to pre-Quaternary \npaleoclimate modeling, Campanian (80 Ma) climate and vegetation \nhave been simulated using a global climate model (GENESIS Version \n2.0), coupled to a predictive vegetation model (EVE), resulting in a realistic \nsimulation of Late Cretaceous climate. The predicted distribution of \nLate Cretaceous vegetation played an important role in the maintenance \nof low meridional thermal gradients, polar warmth, and equable continental \ninteriors. High latitude forests reduced albedo, especially during snowcovered \nmonths, and increased net surface radiation and latent heat flux.
Circumpentacene with Open‐Shell Singlet Diradical Character

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Circumacenes (CAs) are a distinctive type of benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons where an acene unit is completely enclosed by a layer of outer fused benzene rings. Despite their unique structures, the synthesis of CAs is challenging, and until recently, the largest CA molecule synthesized was circumanthracene. In this study, we report the successful synthesis of an extended circumpentacene derivative 1 , which represents the largest CA molecule synthesized to date. Its structure was confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis and its electronic properties were systematically investigated by both experiments and theoretical calculations. It shows a unique open‐shell diradical character due to the existence of extended zigzag edges, with a moderate diradical character index ( y 0 =39.7 %) and a small singlet‐triplet energy gap (Δ E S‐T =−4.47 kcal/mol). It exhibits a dominant local aromatic character with π‐electrons delocalized in the individual aromatic sextet rings. It has a small HOMO–LUMO energy gap and displays amphoteric redox behavior. The electronic structures of its dication and dianion can be considered as doubly charged structures in which two coronene units are fused with a central aromatic benzene ring. This study provides a new route toward stable multizigzag‐edged graphene‐like molecules with open‐shell di/polyradical character.
Planar Format Holograms Having A Wide Viewing Angle And Illuminated By A Nearby Point Source

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An important feature for an effective display hologram is a wide viewing angle so that the autostereoscopic aspects of holography are dramatically evident. A short conjugate distance between the light source and the hologram can simplify the problem of supplying optimum illumination for display holograms and provide higher illumination intensity. These two desirable features, wide viewing angle and nearby point source illumination, have been incorporated simultaneously in planar format white light-illuminated transmission holographic stereograms made from computer graphics. This talk will discuss design considerations related to these two issues. We have achieved conjugate distances of 15 cm for illumination with a tungsten light bulb and viewing angles >70°.
Influences of thermal effects on cavitation dynamics in liquid nitrogen through venturi tube

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Investigation on cavitation features in cryogenic liquids is of great importance to rocket engine design due to their complicated physics. This paper experimentally investigates the characteristics of unsteady liquid nitrogen (LN2) cavitating flow through a transparent venturi tube with image processing techniques. The numerical simulations based on the computational fluid dynamic approach are also performed to help explain the mechanisms. A pressure ratio (Pr) associated with the inlet and the outlet subcooling is found to have a linear relationship with the cavitation number. The nondimensional thermal effect parameter derived from the single bubble dynamics is used to quantify thermal effect intensity. The cavity length derived from standard derivation results has an inversely linear relation with Pr, and there exists an inflection point of the pressure ratio (Prc) below which the cavity length growth rate is relatively larger. The effects of the bulk temperature on the magnitude of Prc are numerically investigated, which reveals that Prc increases as the liquid temperature increases. The oscillating frequencies of the sheet and cloud cavitating flow are also analyzed according to two Strouhal numbers based on cavity length (Stc) and venturi throat diameter (Std), respectively. For cloud cavitation, Stc lies in between 0.30 and 0.40 for all Pr values, while for sheet cavitation, it decreases to 0.04–0.08. Besides, in the cloud cavitation region, Std increases linearly with Pr but has a weak relation with ∑⋅C/uth3. It is also found that with increased values of ∑⋅C/uth3, the transition point of Pr from sheet cavitation to cloud cavitation is delayed.
A Measurement of Multi-Level Semantic Relations among Mandarin Lexemes with Radical mu4: A Study based on Dictionary Explanations

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this study, we utilize a quantitative method measuring the Multi-Level Semantic Relations based on 4549 Mandarin lexemes containing the radical mu4 (目). The research is carried out by first extracting all dictionary definitions for all lexemes containing this radical. Then, we consider the different layers of definitions (e.g., the definitions of the keywords in a definition) and measure whether two different mu4 (目) lexemes are related in meanings. It was found that both width (the number of lexemes covered) and depth (the number of levels to be calculated) contribute to the measurement of semantic relatedness. Some seemingly unrelated mu4 (目) lexemes are found related when the depth of definitions increases. The study also compares two sets of results one based on MI value and the other based on t-score. Our findings show that our measurement based on multi-level semantic relations produces better results than MI value does, as a collocation measurement like MI value is less suitable for analyzing semantically related dictionary entries.
Colorado's Ryan White screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment collaborative project to address substance use in HIV/AIDS case management and health-care settings

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This presentation discusses screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for substance use within HIV/AIDS treatment and care programs and lessons learned from Colorado's Ryan White SBIRT collaborative project. Evidence demonstrates that SBIRT in primary care settings is effective in changing behavior and preventing adverse outcomes attributable to alcohol and other drugs. Studies also show people living with HIV are more likely to experience substance abuse problems than the general population, and early detection offsets the negative ramifications, including poor treatment adherence. Despite the linkage between substance use and HIV, screening and brief intervention protocols have not been readily adopted in HIV/AIDS services in the United States. In order to introduce SBIRT procedures tailored for HIV/AIDS care, Colorado implemented a collaboration between the state’s SBIRT initiative and its Ryan White Part B HIV treatment and care program. Of 2500 patients screened, 31% received a brief intervention for risky alcohol, tobacco, or drug use, and 23% were referred for therapy or specialized treatment. Program evaluation findings gathered from focus groups and patient and provider surveys indicate that SBIRT can be successfully integrated into HIV treatment and care to address risky substance use. We explore the barriers to implementing SBIRT in HIV care and identify the administrative and policy considerations necessary for effective implementation. Recommendations are made for standardizing SBIRT in HIV care (applying a systematic approach to screening; training providers to conduct brief interventions; establishing a referral network; and integrating SBIRT with adherence and retention efforts).
Facial paralysis in the acute form of Chagas disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 34-year-old woman attended a religious meeting in Pernambuco, Brazil, where an outbreak of acute Chagas disease was reported due to oral contamination. She developed headache, myalgia, edema, and vomiting. Serological tests were positive for Chagas and a blood smear confirmed the presence of T. cruzi (). Ten days after starting treatment with benznidazole, right peripheral facial palsy was observed (). Brain MRI and CSF analyses were unremarkable. Facial electroneuromyography showed mild axonal neuropathy (). Thirty days later, she recovered [...]
Loudness Adaptation: Real or Illusory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There is general agreement that, except at low sensation levels, the loudness of a continuous pure tone does not appear to change with time. By contrast, using a simultaneous dichotic loudness balancing procedure (SDLB) a substantial fall in loudness can be revealed. As a result it has been held that the latter does not represent a loudness loss in real terms but is a manifestation of some form of central binaural interaction possibly involving localization mechanisms. In two studies reported here, one involving a loudness scaling procedure using as a standard a reference tone of 65 dB (HL) and the other a loudness doubling procedure, a loudness loss has been clearly demonstrated following sustained stimulation with a continuous 60-dB (HL), 1000-Hz tone applied monaurally. The progression of the loudness loss with time follows a similar course to that found with the SDLB procedure. In consequence it is concluded that both represent a loudness loss in real terms and that inability to detect a change in loudness over time of a continuous tone results from the absence of any reference standard by which it can be judged.