jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploring the intention‐behavior gap in the technology acceptance model: A mixed‐methods study in the context of foreign‐language teaching in China

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study explored the strength and mechanisms of the intention‐use link in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), based on data from a sample of 198 in‐service college‐level foreign‐language teachers in China. Its sequential explanatory research design involved, firstly, a quantitative approach to examine the structural relations among the TAM's variables, using path analysis on survey data; and secondly, qualitative interviews with a purposive sub‐sample of 16 of the same teachers, aimed at identifying potential influences on the intention‐behavior gap in their student‐centered technology use. Analysis of the quantitative data indicated a significant relationship between the teachers' intention to use technology and their teacher‐centered technology use of technology, but a non‐significant relationship between intention to use technology and their student‐centered technology use . The qualitative data revealed that facilitating conditions, prior experience with technology and technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) were the main obstacles to the interviewees' student‐centered technology use. Other factors also played a role in educators' intention‐use gaps, including habit, beliefs in students, Chinese teaching culture and assessment pressure. Practitioner Notes What is already known about this topic TAM has been supported by a multitude of studies. Previous findings on intention‐behavior linkage in TAM are inconclusive. Foreign language teachers' student‐centered technology use is limited. What this paper adds It conceptualizes two levels of technology use behavior using TAM as framework. It identifies an intention‐behavior gap in student‐centered technology use. It explores external and internal constraints to student‐centered technology use. Implications for practice and/or policy Educational institutions need to facilitate teachers' student‐centered technology use. Consistent training on integrating student‐centered technology use with teaching content are in need.
Congenital malformations of the cerebellum and posterior fossa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Congenital anomalies of the cerebellum cover a broad range of entities, with the scale of the malformation varying from the microscopic, even molecular, to the macroscopic. It is the latter extreme of anomalies in the gross anatomical structure of the cerebellum for which surgical intervention may be indicated. The major surgical entities are (a) the Chiari malformations, which represent herniation of the lower parts of the midline cerebellum through the foramen magnum, and (b) the Dandy–Walker malformation and its variants, involving failure of formation of part of the midline structures of the cerebellum and compression by a fluid-filled cyst. In both cases, surgical intervention is aimed at decompressing these structures. To an increasing degree, surgical decision-making is determined by precise anatomical diagnosis, revealed by new imaging techniques. This chapter describes both the diagnostic schemes and the surgical interventions available and on the horizon today.
Effect of Ethyl Acetate on the Defatting of Leaves in the Extraction of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Research background. The process for producing purified steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana leaves (stevia) generally involves pretreatments, extraction, purification and crystallization. Pre-extraction or defatting can sometimes be a part of this process. It can remove impurities of low polarity, such as chlorophyll and fatty compounds. Nonpolar solvents can be used to defat stevia leaves. Experimental approach. In this study, we investigated ethyl acetate as a pre-extraction solvent for the defatting of dried and crushed stevia leaves. We compared pure ethyl acetate and water-saturated ethyl acetate as pre-extraction solvents in percolation extraction. We then evaluated the effects of pre-extraction on the concentration and purity of the extracts obtained with ethanol/water solvents. Results and conclusions. The recovery of nonpolar solvents was 2.3–3.9 % in pure ethyl acetate and 3.4–4.5 % in water-saturated ethyl acetate (from 40 to 60 °C). A low steviol glycoside loss can occur only with water-saturated ethyl acetate (on dry mass basis <0.5 %). In the Soxhlet extraction, the obtained yields were 8.43 with pure ethyl acetate and 10.44 % with water-saturated ethyl acetate. The steviol glycoside loss in the Soxhlet extraction was 10.70 % with water-saturated ethyl acetate. Defatted and non-defatted leaves were extracted with two ethanol/water solvents. Comparison of the results showed higher concentrations of glycoside in the pretreated leaves. Novelty and scientific contribution. The pre-extraction with ethyl acetate followed by the extraction with ethanol/water solvent lead to a higher concentration of steviol glycosides and a higher purity of the extracts. Ethyl acetate can be used as a pre-extraction solvent for the defatting of stevia leaves in the industrial production of this sweetener.
An Energy Stable and Positivity-Preserving Scheme for the Maxwell--Stefan Diffusion System

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We develop a new finite difference scheme for the Maxwell-Stefan diffusion system. The scheme is conservative, energy stable and positivity-preserving. These nice properties stem from a variational structure and are proved by reformulating the finite difference scheme into an equivalent optimization problem. The solution to the scheme emerges as the minimizer of the optimization problem, and as a consequence energy stability and positivity-preserving properties are obtained.
Interactive cloud system for the analysis of accessibility in smart cities

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent technological progress has enabled the spread of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to new applications possible with the aim to improve citizens’ quality of life. This idea has been significantly increasing in political agendas as well as in the public services. The concepts of Smart-city or Sustainable-city are possible thanks to the application of technology. The focus of this work is on people with movement disabilities and the goal of the whole system is to meet their real needs and requirements. As a result, this article presents the possibilities offered by new ICTs to design a method for generating knowledge about accessibility issues in urban environments. In this sense, a comprehensive system aided by technology is proposed to anal- yse the transportation accessibility in a city. The research tries to make visible the most vulnerable groups of citizens, involving them as active participants and to serve as a way of social awareness. It aims to improve the knowledge of the current accessibility level and to improve the interaction and learning of all actors and groups involved – government, institutions, researchers, professionals, people with disabilities and other individuals of society in general. To perform and implement the system, the latest advances in technologies such as GPS positioning, geographic information systems, smart sensing and cloud computing have been used. The combination of all these technologies allows an interactive, dynamic and constantly updated approach.
The variability of Gentiana pneumonanthe L. subpopulations in different habitat conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The impact of habitat conditions on the spatio-temporal variability of abundance and structure of subpopulations of Gentiana pneumonanthe L. was investigated in the years 2013-2015 in patches of abandoned Molinion caeruleae meadows in different stages of successional overgrowing (Patches I-III), as well as in a patch of willow thickets (Patch IV). The height of the standing vegetation and soil humidity increased in successive patches, while the light intensity at ground level diminished gradually. Performed observations showed that abundance of subpopulations decreased from Patch I to Patch IV. Seedlings, juvenile and dormant individuals were not found in all subpopulations, whereas the share of vegetative and generative adults differed significantly. The total number of above-ground units per individual, as well as the height of vegetative stems, increased in consecutive years; moreover, it augmented from Patch I to Patch III and it diminished in Patch IV. The height of flowering stalks rose in consecutive years and in successive patches. The numbers of flowers and fruits in consecutive years were rather constant, whilst in successive study sites they augmented gradually.In light of the performed studies, it might be concluded that the subpopulation occurring in Patch I presents the best state, whereas the subpopulation occurring in Patch IV shows the worst condition and, in the near future, might be eliminated from the colonised site.
Contiguous Approach Conditioning: A Model for Positive Reinforcement

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The experiment was designed to demonstrate that a stimulus presented contiguously with the onset of a positive reinforcer, food, may serve as a conditioned elicitor of approach behavior. 20 naive male rats were assigned to two groups. Experimental Ss received their entire daily food supply paired with a flashing light. For control Ss, the light was presented uncorrelated with feeding. Approach behavior was assessed in a shuttle box. When the light was presented on the side of the hurdle opposite S, experimental Ss crossed the hurdle and approached the light significantly faster than did control Ss. The results are taken as physical representation of the conditioned approach responses postulated in Denny's interpretation of positive reinforcement effects.
Superconductivity in twisted transition metal dichalcogenide homobilayers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

For the first time, robust superconductivity has been independently observed in twisted WSe$_2$ bilayers by two separate groups [Y. Xia et al., arXiv:2405.14784; Y. Guo et al., arXiv:2406.03418.]. In light of this, we explore the possibility of a universal superconducting pairing mechanism in twisted WSe$_2$ bilayers. Using a continuum band structure model and a phenomenological boson-mediated effective electron-electron attraction, we find that intervalley intralayer pairing predominates over interlayer pairing. Notably, despite different experimental conditions, both twisted WSe$_2$ samples exhibit a comparable effective attraction strength. This consistency suggests that the dominant pairing glue is likely independent of the twist angle and layer polarization, pointing to a universal underlying boson-induced pairing mechanism.
A Borsuk--Ulam theorem for cyclic $p$-groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We describe a connective $K$-theory Borsuk--Ulam/Bourgin--Yang theorem for cyclic groups of order a power of a prime $p$. Consider two finite dimensional complex representations $U$ and $V$ of the cyclic group $Z /p^{k+1}$ of order $p^{k+1}$, where $k\geq 0$. For $0\leq l\leq k$, we write $V_l$ for the subspace of $V$ fixed by the cyclic subgroup of order $p^l$, and require that the fixed subspace, $V_{k+1}$, be zero and that $V_k$ be non-zero. Put $δ(V)=\sum_{l=0}^k p^l dim_C (V_l/V_{l+1})-(p^k-1)$. Then the zero-set of any $Z /p^{k+1}$-map $S(U) \to V$ from the unit sphere in $U$ (for some invariant inner product) has covering dimension greater than or equal to $2(dim_C U - δ(V)-1)$, if $dim_C U> δ(V)$.
Structure and properties of composite nanostructured coatings on steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the recent years, the development of nanotechnology has increased the applications of nanoparticles, and the possibility of incorporating them into innovative composite coatings. In this paper, we aim to improve the corrosion resistance of 42CrMo4 and 65G steels by electroless chemical deposition of Ni, reinforced by adding of nanoparticles of nanodiamants (ND), boron (B) or cubic-BN (CBN). Consequently, by this approach we extend the useful-life of these mechanical parts, making them suitable for aerospace and automotive industry.
Description of the new-recorded species of the genus filenchus and tylenchorhunchus in China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Three new - recorded of nemaodes in China Filenchus facultativus (Szczygiel, 1970), F. neonanus (Raski & Geraert, 1987) and Tylenchorhynchus ewingi (Hopper, 1959) were described.
The growth threshold conjecture: a theoretical framework for understanding T-cell tolerance

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Adaptive immune responses depend on the capacity of T cells to target specific antigens. As similar antigens can be expressed by pathogens and host cells, the question naturally arises of how can T cells discriminate friends from foes. In this work, we suggest that T cells tolerate cells whose proliferation rates remain below a permitted threshold. Our proposal relies on well-established facts about T-cell dynamics during acute infections: T-cell populations are elastic (they expand and contract) and they display inertia (contraction is delayed relative to antigen removal). By modelling inertia and elasticity, we show that tolerance to slow-growing populations can emerge as a population-scale feature of T cells. This result suggests a theoretical framework to understand immune tolerance that goes beyond the self versus non-self dichotomy. It also accounts for currently unexplained observations, such as the paradoxical tolerance to slow-growing pathogens or the presence of self-reactive T cells in the organism.
Developing a knowledge based decision support system on quick land reclamation of closed urban dumping ground

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The world’s population has been growing and producing various types of waste at an enormous rate. This has significantly increased the reliance on the landfill especially in the densely populated countries. Therefore, landfill reclamation is vital solution for the sustainable urban land management. In addition, land reclamation also reduces the spreading of contaminants, leading to a more sustainable environment. Yet, there are only a limited number of people who have experience in this field, hence creating a need for a knowledge based decision support framework that tailors for different landfills reclamation.
Knowledge level and motivation of Hong Kong young adults towards blood donation: a cross-sectional survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives This study aimed to (1) determine the knowledge level of young adults towards blood donation, and (2) to understand their donor identity and the meanings of blood donation to them. Design A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey. Setting and participants Undergraduate students of a university in Hong Kong recruited by convenience sampling, at public facilities in campus such as student canteens and the Campus Blood Donor Centre of the university. Outcome measures The questionnaire which consisted of three parts was used for data collection. Part 1 collected sociodemographic information and items associated with blood donation; part 2 related to knowledge on blood donation and part 3 focused on blood donor identity. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the OR and identify the predictors for blood donation. Results Among the 542 respondents, 274 were non-blood donors and 268 were blood donors. Blood donors generally have a better knowledge towards blood donation than non-blood donors. The results of univariate analyses indicated that being a female (OR=1.99, p<0.001), aged 22 years or above (OR=234, p<0.001), studying at year 4 or 5 (OR=2.12, p=0.003), studying health-related programmes (OR=1.96, p<0.001), being registered as an organ donor (OR=6.59, p<0.001), had prior experience of receiving blood (OR=7.60, p<0.001) or prior experience of being refused for blood donation (OR=5.14, p<0.001) were significantly associated with being a blood donor. Having prior experience of receiving blood was the strongest predictor for being a blood donor, followed by being registered as an organ donor, after controlling for all other factors in the logistic regression model. Conclusions The findings are consistent with self-determination theory, which hypothesises that people are more likely to abide with blood donation behaviours that are internally rather than externally motivated.
EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR HUMAN RESOURCES AT THE HOTEL SWARNA DWIPA PALEMBANG

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this paper to analyze the problem and application of information systems at the Hotel Swarna Dwipa eksekuitf Kilkenny thus speeding up \nthe process of decision making by directors. The research method used in the preparation of this essay writer is a method of developing information system FAST \n(Framework For The Applications Of System Technique). The results of this study is expected to assist, facilitate the work of directors in analyzing the reports that are presented graphically in Palembang Hotel Swarna Dwipa rapid, precise, and accurate. \nThe conclusion obtained is by the use of application-based executive information system computer, it can increase the effectiveness and ease of directors in making \ndecisions, especially for Human Resources at the company he leads the Hotel Swarna Dwipa Palembang.
Institutional Evolution through Development Cooperation: An Overview

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite a significant injection of foreign aid since gaining political independence, most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa entered the new millennium as heavily dependent on official aid for sustaining socio-economic development. This record should be assessed against the backdrop, whereby throughout the protracted debt crisis of the 1980s and 1990s, the traditional donor community dominated the economic policy debates of a large number of heavily indebted countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, and it tried to exercise a firm grip on the process of economic and governance reforms in Africa, leveraging reforms for more aid in one form or another at large. As shown in Figure 1.1, where official development assistance (ODA) received is shown as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) by regional groups, this situation was quite a sharp contrast to the experiences in the East Asia and Pacific region (EAP) in the post-war years, where most countries managed to reduce their reliance on foreign aid over time, with many graduating successfully from the aid-recipient status altogether.
The Impact of Tic Severity Dimensions on Impairment and Quality of Life Among Youth With Chronic Tic Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Varied findings exist concerning the relationship between global tic severity, impairment, and quality of life for youth with chronic tic disorders (TD). As global tic severity is comprised of multiple dimensions, specific dimensional aspects (e.g., tic severity type, tic number, tic frequency, tic intensity, tic complexity, tic interference) may impact impairment and quality of life by varying degrees. Twenty-four youth with TD completed an assessment of global tic severity, tic-related impairment, and quality of life. Findings suggest that motor tic severity significantly predicted clinician-rated impairment. Tic number, tic complexity, and tic interference significantly predicted parent-rated impairment. No dimensional aspects of tic severity predicted child-rated quality of life. Findings highlight that dimensional aspects of tic severity impact tic-related impairment distinctively. Clinical implications of these results are discussed.
The association of Id-1, MIF and GSTpi with acquired drug resistance in hormone independent prostate cancer cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Most patients with prostate cancer respond to androgen ablation therapy, but the tumor eventually progresses to an androgen-independent stage with multiple anti-cancer drug resistance. Novel therapeutic strategies for hormone independent prostate cancer need to be developed. The genes for Id-1, MIF and GSTpi were up-regulated in drug resistant cells of hormone independent prostate cancer cells using cDNA microarray gene expression analysis. In this study we aimed to investigate whether constitutive overexpression of these candidate genes in cells can affect cellular resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. The mRNA expression was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and the Id-1, MIF and GSTpi protein contents in these cell lines were measured by Western blotting. Susceptibility of the cells to chemotherapeutic agents including doxorubicin, paclitaxel and cyclophosphamide was determined by microculture tetrazolium bromide assay. The analysis of apoptosis was assessed by annexin V assay. The cytotoxity assay results demonstrated that cells overexpressing the Id-1 gene increased in their resistance to doxorubicin, paclitaxel and cyclophosphamide. MIF expression can drive cells to increase in their resistance to paclitaxel, and GSTpi expression confers drug resistance to doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. The induction of mdr1 gene expression was noted in up-regulation of MIF and GSTpi. Our findings suggest that overproduction of the Id-1, MIF and GSTpi proteins and coinduction of mdr-1 play an important role in the development of acquired drug resistance to various drugs of prostate cancer cells.
Challenges and Options for the UK Agri‐Environment: Presidential Address

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

After fifteen years of agri‐environment policy it is now appropriate to take stock of these policies. This is important because these policies are scheduled to expand in the coming decade, their benefits are likely to continue growing and the demand for benefits is also likely to expand. This paper therefore reviews the current agri‐environmental situation, isolating some of the current challenges to the schemes implemented in the UK, and compares main options for their amelioration. Finally it focuses particularly on the “end of contract problem” arising from the weak sustainability of the policy benefits from short‐term voluntary contracts.
Combined molecular dynamics and thermodynamics modelling of skin lipid bilayer structure and barrier property - Effect of hydration and exposure to chemicals

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of skin, is the main rate limiting step in percutaneous absorption and the inter-corneocyte lipid matrix is the dominant pathway for skin permeation of solutes. Unravelling the mechanisms underpinning SC lipids barrier property is pivotal for many applications, e.g., to design better transdermal drugs, to aid skin protection from environmental chemicals, and to deliver better skin health.
State space predictive controller and estimator of inverted pendulum

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

State space generalized predictive controller has been successfully designed by K.V.Ling and K.W. Lim ( 1996 ). It is tested in controlling an inverted pendulum system with satisfactory results ( Yong Tet Leong, 1998 ). But this controller is designed and applied based on the assumption that all states can be measured for constructing the state feedback. This is not a practical assumption in real applications. To deal with processes with inmeasurable variables, an estimator state space GPC is designed.