jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
130: FULMINANT EVOLUTION OF A POST-TRANSPLANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE AS A COMPLICATION OF MULTIVISCERAL TRANSPLANT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative disease is a serious complication of solid organ transplanted patients. We described a patient who developed a fulminant post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) as a complication of a multivisceral transplant (MVT). Methods: Clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary analysis of a patient with a MVT and fulminant PTLD. Results: A 13-year-old male patient who received a second conventional MVT due to loss of the previous graft from exfoliative rejection is described. He had a history of MVT (1st graft) in 2018 due to short bowel syndrome secondary to mesenteric thrombosis (with an inability to perform an isolated intestinal transplant due to the vascular sequelae of thrombosis), he developed a severe acute cellular rejection that required enterectomy at 52 days post-transplant. The second MVT was performed using a depleting immunosuppression protocol with alemtuzumab, tacrolimus, and corticosteroids. Tacrolimus intoxicationi (100 ng/mL) was the main immediate post-transplant complication, with a clinical findings compatible with reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy, achieving complete clinical remission after normalizing the drug’s blood levels. He also had acute rotavirus-related gastroenteritis and Sars-Cov-2 infection at 30 days post-transplant with spontaneous resolution of both. He was discharged 2 months after the transplant without requiring parenteral support (whith the exception of nocturnal intravenous fluid therapy) and with stable immunosuppression levels. 10 days after discharge, he was re-admitted with fever and increased acute-phase reactants, he received broad-spectrum antibiotics with improvement. Blood VEB PCR of 4.67 x e3 UI/mL at admission was observed. He developed progressive clinical deterioration with positive balance and acute pancreatitis, so the antibiotic therapy was escalated without improvement. Ultrasound showed thickening of the transplanted colon. Diffuse large cell lymphoma with activated phenotype associated with VEB was shown in the endoscopic biopsy obtained at that level. In the same day he developed severe hypoxemic respiratory failure that prompted his admission to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis due to anuria, with progressive deterioration until his death 36 hours after PICU admission. Necropsy showed lymphomatous infiltration in transplanted colon, lymph nodes and peripancreatic fat, mesentery and an isolated gastric focus. Conclusions: Fulminant PTLD is extremely rare and the exact causes that predispose to its development are unknown. Intense and prolonged immunosuppression with tacrolimus, T-lymphocyte depletion (alemtuzumab), and multivisceral grafting may have been predisposing factors in our patient.
Using a Dataglove for the ergonomic Assessment of Instruments in Endoscopy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The ergonomic evaluation of instruments in endoscopy has developed into an important research area due to the many new operational procedures in minimal invasive surgery. The use of Virtual Reality (VR) elements and, especially in this case the Dataglove, as measuring tool; the generation of virtual infra-abdominal working areas; and the virtual design of the working side of the instruments offer distinct advantages and open up new possibilities with respect to the ergonomic evaluation of instruments. The paper describes the possibilities and experiences when using VR elements, such as the Dataglove, as a means of measurement and also how this device has been integrated in the assessment of the mechanical instruments used in minimal invasive surgery. In addition to the integration, the paper will conclude with a description of the plans to expand the system.
Review: Art and Public History: Approaches, Opportunity, and Challeges edited by Rebecca Bush and K. Tawny Paul

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Book Review| February 01 2018 Review: Art and Public History: Approaches, Opportunity, and Challeges edited by Rebecca Bush and K. Tawny Paul Art and Public History: Approaches, Opportunity, and Challeges edited by Rebecca Bush and K. Tawny Paul. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017. v + 254 pp.; illustrations, notes, bibliography, index; clothbound, $85.00; paperbound, $40.00; eBook, $38.00. Kate Whitman Kate Whitman Atlanta History Center Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The Public Historian (2018) 40 (1): 161–163. https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2018.40.1.161 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Kate Whitman; Review: Art and Public History: Approaches, Opportunity, and Challeges edited by Rebecca Bush and K. Tawny Paul. The Public Historian 1 February 2018; 40 (1): 161–163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2018.40.1.161 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Public Historian Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2018 by The Regents of the University of California and the National Council on Public History2018 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
ETR-TYPE CORE STUDIES IN THE MTR-REACTIVITY MEASUREMENT FACILITY

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Studies on various ETR-type cores in the RMF were requested by O. E. for the purpose of checking their Univac calculations for the Engineering Test Reactor presently under construction at the MTR site in Idaho. Tests in the BMF included critical mass determinations on several type cores, flux distribution in the lattice and in a grey rod consisting of half poison --half fuel, and temperature coefficient measurements. This report presents data obtained in these tests, with discussions on the experimental procedure and probable errors involved. (auth)
Pathophysiological responses to meals in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: I. Paradoxical postprandial inhibition of gastric secretion.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The gastric acid, pepsin, and secretory volume output in response to a mixed meal were measured in six patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome caused by a gastrin-producing tumour proved subsequently at surgery. The patients were all normocalcaemic, and none had previous abdominal surgery. In four of the six patients, ingestion of the meal markedly inhibited the gastric secretory output, which decreased to below fasting levels, returning later to basal values. In two other patients, whose fasting acid output was considerably lower, the secretory output increased after the meal, but some inhibiton of gastric secretion was also apparent for variable intervals of time. The serum gastrin concentration in all patients remained essentially unchanged or increased after the meal. Two patients were restudied after successful removal of the duodenal gastrin-producing tumour, and in each the normal gastric secretory and gastrin-releasing responses were completely restored. Our studies suggest that, in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome caused by a gastrinoma, physiological regulatory mechanisms triggered by food reduce the continuous stimulation of gastric secretion caused by their tumoural hypergastrinaemia.
The Genome Sequence of the Leaf-Cutter Ant Atta cephalotes Reveals Insights into Its Obligate Symbiotic Lifestyle

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Leaf-cutter ants are one of the most important herbivorous insects in the Neotropics, harvesting vast quantities of fresh leaf material. The ants use leaves to cultivate a fungus that serves as the colony's primary food source. This obligate ant-fungus mutualism is one of the few occurrences of farming by non-humans and likely facilitated the formation of their massive colonies. Mature leaf-cutter ant colonies contain millions of workers ranging in size from small garden tenders to large soldiers, resulting in one of the most complex polymorphic caste systems within ants. To begin uncovering the genomic underpinnings of this system, we sequenced the genome of Atta cephalotes using 454 pyrosequencing. One prediction from this ant's lifestyle is that it has undergone genetic modifications that reflect its obligate dependence on the fungus for nutrients. Analysis of this genome sequence is consistent with this hypothesis, as we find evidence for reductions in genes related to nutrient acquisition. These include extensive reductions in serine proteases (which are likely unnecessary because proteolysis is not a primary mechanism used to process nutrients obtained from the fungus), a loss of genes involved in arginine biosynthesis (suggesting that this amino acid is obtained from the fungus), and the absence of a hexamerin (which sequesters amino acids during larval development in other insects). Following recent reports of genome sequences from other insects that engage in symbioses with beneficial microbes, the A. cephalotes genome provides new insights into the symbiotic lifestyle of this ant and advances our understanding of host-microbe symbioses.
Abstract B44: Probing the effects of linker flexibility in second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases mimetic dimers and assessing their ability to induce apoptosis in a MDA-MB-231 cell line

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is the most common mechanism of cell death in eukaryotes. The ability of cancer cells to evade and inhibit apoptosis has become a hallmark feature of cancer. This is accomplished through a family of proteins known as the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (lAPs). X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is one of the best characterized lAPs. XIAP suppresses apoptosis by forming complexes with cysteine-aspartic proteases (caspase), in particular caspase −3, −7, and −9 through one of its baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) domains. Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) is an antagonist protein released from the mitochondria and into the cytosol, to disrupt the complexes produced between XIAP and caspase. SMAC binds to the BIR domains in XIAP through its tetra-peptide motif, AVPI. Studies have demonstrated that the first and third amino acid positions of this tetra-peptide motif are important for binding, while positions two and four can be modified to increase binding affinity (AXPX). It has also been shown that dimers of SMAC mimetics show greater potency than their monomer counter parts. Previously, our laboratory has synthesized and tested SMAC dimers using three glycine amino acids to link AXPX sequences. These compounds showed very little activity. We also synthesized and tested SMAC dimers comprised of a lysine amino acid, linking two AXPX sequences; these mimetics did display significant activity. In particular an (AKPF)2K sequence showed 50% cell death at 10 uM when combined with death ligand TRAIL. Synthesis of these compounds was conducted using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) on a polystyrene resin. We hypothesized that flexibility in the linker joining the two AXPX sequences was necessary to increase binding affinity. Consequently several SMAC mimetic dimers built on two different linkers (gamma-amino butyric acid and ornithine), both of which have a four carbon spacer between each terminus, have been prepared and evaluated for activity using a MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. The first series of SMAC mimetic compounds consists of MeAXPX-GABA-MeAXPX amino acid sequence while the second series of SMAC mimetics are comprised of a MeAXPX-Ornithine-XPXMeA amino acid sequence. All data and results, including synthesis, biological assays, and the testing of these compounds will be the major focus of this presentation. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):B44.
Labor force participation, gender and work in South Africa: what can time use data reveal?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

<p>The utilization of time use data for exploring employment issues has received little attention in economic analysis. Using data from the 2000 South African national time use survey we argue that a gender-aware understanding of how men and women organize their daily life can help identify labor market and subsistence work that are missed in labor force surveys, thus complementing the information they provide.Further, information on the time spent in job-related search and household work provide insights on the interconnectedness of gender inequalities in the labor market and within the household.Our analysis of the time use patterns of 10, 465 working age women and men, shows that a non-trivial proportion of men and women classified as either ‟not in the labor force‟ or „unemployed‟ actually engaged in subsistence, temporary and casual forms of employment. Secondly, we find that regardless of their labor force status, women‟s and men‟s hours of unpaid work donot vary greatly. These affect not only employment options of women but also their ability to look for work. Thirdly, time use data helps identify the salient characteristics of these individuals and the type of occupations they are engaged.</p>
POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXIN/FURAN AND DIOXIN- LIKE PCB CONCENTRATIONS IN SEDIMENTS AND MUSSEL

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like PCB congeners are among the most toxic chemicals in a variety of animals species including humans1,2. PCDDs, PCDFs are found as byproducts in the production of PCBs, polychlorinated naphthalenes and chlorinated phenols. These pollutants are widely dispersed in the environment2,3 and the
PARAMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF THE PERFORMANCE AND THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF LABORATORY DOUBLE SURFACE GLASS CONDENSER

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A double surface condenser was really fabricated from borosilicate glass for its resistive ability to thermal shock and low expansivity.The performance and cooling efficiency provoked investigation into the parameters that could affect the thermal efficiency and performance of the condenser.Double surface condensers with constant diameter (d) 45mm were made with effective length (l) of 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700mm.It was discovered and concluded that the thermal efficiency and performance are function of effective length beside the cooling water ambient temperature (a), the heat sink flow rate or velocity of flow (Vm).Graphical results obtained showed case the parametric factors to be considered during the design of a double surface condenser and its usage in experiments.Increase in Effective length (L) of the condenser, decrease in the cooling water, increase in flow rate, Increase the rate of cooling of the double surface of the condenser.The double surface increases the surface area of the cooling water, hence improve the cooling efficiency of a cooling efficiency of and effective lengths of (500-700)mm will give desirable cooling.
Modeling the Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Responses in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Background Hydrologic systems have been changing due to the impact of climate change and climate variability. The impacts of climate change are set to increase in the future due to the rise of global warming. Quantifying the impact of climate change on the spatial and temporal hydrological processes is important for integrated water resource management. The Lake Tana basin, which is the source of the Upper Blue Nile, is vulnerable to climate change and variability. This study was carried out in the four major tributary watersheds of the Lake Tana basin: Gilgel Abay, Gumara, Ribb, and Megech. The climate model and hydrological model was used to (i) to evaluate the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool for study watershed, (ii) to assess the future rainfall and temperature variability and change in the study watershed, and (iii) to examine the impact of climate change on future watershed hydrology. The study used dynamically downscaled climate data for the baseline (2010–2015) and future period (2046–2051) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The climate scenarios were simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, with a 4-km horizontal resolution. A linear scaling method was applied to minimize model biases. The SWAT model was used to estimate the baseline and future hydrology using the bias-corrected climate data. Results The performance of the SWAT model was ‘good’ to ‘very good’ for both the calibration and validation periods, with the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency values between 0.71 to 0.92. The projected changes in rainfall vary with seasons and watershed under both scenarios. On average, annual rainfall may increase by 9.8% and 21.2% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. Minimum temperature may rise by 1.68 °C and 2.26 °C while maximum temperature may increase by 1.65 °C and 2.75 °C under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. The changes in climate may cause an increase in surface runoff by 20.9% and 46.5% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively, while the evapotranspiration increase by 4.7% and 12.2% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Conclusion The findings provide valuable insights to implement appropriate water management strategies to mitigate and adapt to the negative impacts of climate change and variability on the Lake Tana basin, and other regions which have similar agro-ecology.
Reproduction of the large fruit-eating bat Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in a Brazilian Atlantic forest area

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) In this study we investigated the male testicular activity and the reproductive condition of females in relation to their external reproductive characteristics (pregnant, lactating, post-lactating) in the phyllostomid bat Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818). Five hundred and twenty six individuals were examined (197 males and 329 females) in the period December 2001 to May 2003. Throughout the study most males displayed large scrotal testes. Thirty-three males were randomly selected for histological examination at various times throughout the year and were found to have spermatogenic testes. The reproductive characteristics of the females indicated that they were reproductively active mainly during the wet season. Pregnancy occurs at the end of the dry season and parturition in the wet season. Most individuals captured after this season, mainly the females, were sexually immature. Our results suggest a seasonal monoestrous reproductive pattern for the species; however, adult males being fertile throughout the year could suggest polyoestry. Seasonal polyoestry is a possibility. There was, however, no evidence that females had more than one pregnancy per year.
Studies on the Effective Materials of Baizhu for Immuno-Enhancing Action

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To study the effective material basis of Baizhu for immuno-enhancing action, multi-mode separation methods were applied to split the chemical components of Baizhu and each fraction was characterized by HPLC with analysis of similarity degrees.The serum hemolysin against Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC), the indexes of the clearance rate of carbon particles and Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte (PBL) transformation assays were used to explore the immuno-enhancing components of Baizhu.Volatile Oil Fraction (VOF), Petroleum Ether Fraction (PEF), Water Eluated Fraction (WEF), Alcohol Eluated Fraction (AEF), Crude Polysaccharide Fraction (CPF), Refined Polysaccharide Fraction (RPF) were obtained.The similarity degrees between any two fractions, except CPF and RPF were calculated to be less than 0.1.The minimal effective dose of Baizhu Water Decoction (WD) for its immuno enhancing action was examined to be 8 g kgG 1 according to crude drug.The immuno-modulating experiments showed that CPF, RPF and PEF of Baizhu could increase the level of serum hemolysin, raise the PBL transformation and improve the phagocytic indexes in the clearance of carbon particle assays.The HPLC analysis indicated that atractylenolides and polyacetylenes are the main components of PEF and atractylon is for VOF.Atractylenolides, polyacetylenes and polysaccharides are the main effective components for improving the function of specific immunity and nonspecific immunity.The VOF showed, to some extent, to damage the immune organ due to its inhibitory effect on spleen index.
MEASUREMENT AND REDUCTION OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO INHALED ANAESTHETICS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The occupational exposure of hospital staff to inhaled anaesthetics was investigated using a personal sampling device that provides a measure of the average concentrations breathed by a person over a period of time, as distinct from the spot sampling in the general environment. The anaesthetist9s average exposure to nitrous oxide and halothane during complete operating sessions was twice that expected from simple dilution of the escaping gases by the operating room ventilation. The sampling technique was also used to evaluate the effect of (1) redirection of the waste gas outflow; (2) active scavenging connected to the piped vacuum system. Short-period studies under controlled conditions in the operating theatres and anaesthesia induction rooms showed that the anaesthetist9s exposure could be reduced two- or fourfold by redirecting the outflow and another four- to sixfold by active scavenging. Exposures during complete operating sessions were reduced two- to seven-fold by scavenging.
Does a Judicial Warning Improve Defendant‐Culprit Matching?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Summary During a trial, jurors may be asked to compare the defendant with video of the culprit. Yet matching unfamiliar people in this manner can be difficult and error‐prone. Judges may warn jurors about the dangers of identification from video images, but the effect of warnings is unknown. Here we report two studies that assessed the effect of warning instructions on defendant‐culprit matching. In Experiment 1, college students read either control, warning, or illustrated warning instructions before deciding if a defendant seen in one video matched the culprit in another video. Experiment 2 compared control and warning instructions in a sample of Amazon Mechanical Turk workers. Matching accuracy in both experiments was poor, and warnings did not consistently improve performance or make participants more cautious. These results do not support the supposition that warning instructions help jurors compare the defendant to images of the culprit.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rotator Cuff Augmentation Using Semitendinosus Tendon Autograft

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The ideal surgical management of retracted rotator cuff tears has not been defined. Retraction of the tendon can make repair to the anatomic footprint on the humerus impossible. Various techniques have been described to address this problem, including medial repair, allograft and xenograft augmentation, but the results of these procedures have been mixed. The authors describe a hamstring tendon autograft reconstruction to augment the retracted rotator cuff tendons, allowing repair to the anatomic footprint of the humerus. Using this technique the length of the grafted muscle-tendon unit can be restored. The expense and potential complications associated with allograft and xenograft techniques are avoided.