jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal Antibodies against Dengue 2 Virus E-Glycoprotein Protect Mice against Lethal Dengue Infection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A panel of 11 murine monoclonal antibodies directed against dengue type 2 was evaluated for antigen specificity by dot immunobinding assay and Western blot analysis and for in vitro and in vivo biological activities. Nine of the 11 monoclonal antibodies reacted with viral E-glycoprotein based on the Western blot analysis; one reacted with a 36 Kd protein present in dengue-infected C6/36 mosquito cells. The nine E-glycoprotein-reactive monoclonal antibodies also neutralized dengue 2 virus in a plaque reduction assay. Of the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, five passively protected mice in vivo against lethal intracerebral dengue 2 challenge. The protective monoclonal antibodies were directed against viral determinants that fell into at least three spatially separate families of epitopes on E-glycoprotein, the antigenicities of which were preserved after heat/detergent denaturation.
Cultured Limbal Epithelial Stem Cell Therapy for Ocular Surface Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cornea is our transparent window to the world and its integrity and transparency are essential for proper functioning of the eye. The corneal epithelium is a multilayered, renewable barrier that is maintained in health by epithelial stem cells from the limbus. A recent discovery leads us to believe that limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) reside in specialised protective niche structures identified as the limbal crypts. The pathology of limbal epithelial stem cell deficiency occurs when there is an insufficiency of LESCs to replace lost surface epithelial cells leading to persistent epithelial defects, conjunctivalisation and ultimately, loss of vision. Researchers continue to discover new ways to harness the power of epithelial stem cells for the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency and one such way is with an expanded limbal epithelial stem cell graft. Advances in the field of tissue engineering are contributing to the optimisation of these transplantation techniques by providing new and innovative biomaterials for use as substrates.
The Church Stays Silent

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The Council of Trent had laid down clearly how the church should proceed when claims of private revelations arose. A rigorous canonical enquiry was to be undertaken. In the case of apparitions, this meant interrogating the visionaries and examining their state of mind, taking statements from other witnesses, and investigating any claims of sudden or miraculous cures. Until the enquiry had been concluded and a formal judgement reached, the clergy was expected to maintain a neutral position; any support for the apparitions by individual priests or members of the laity had a purely private, unofficial status. This procedure was intended to preserve the integrity of the faith and the hierarchy of authority within the church.1 Matters were rarely so straightforward in practice. It was particularly difficult for the parish priest to remain neutral. Where claims of apparitions did not collapse in the face of his initial remonstrations, the priest in question usually came to the private opinion that there must be something to them. He was all the more likely to adopt a position of benevolent neutrality rather than cool distance, given the popular local support for the apparitions that invariably developed and the consequent danger of cutting himself off entirely from his parishioners. The parish priest, as we have seen, found himself in the middle: clerical caution and the demands of office pulled him in one direction, popular sentiment and often his own instincts pulled him in another. At the same time, any sustained series of apparitions was likely to enlist a variety of individual priests, publicists, and other lay Catholics on both sides of the question. In that respect the German apparitions of the 1870s were no different from La Salette or Lourdes, except that the rapid growth in communications during the third quarter of the nineteenth century made the battle of opinions more fierce and more public. In these circumstances it became even more essential, from the standpoint of the church, that a decisive canonical verdict be pronounced as speedily as possible.
El Ejercicio de Pensar: The Rise and Fall of Pensamiento Crítico

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In ‘El ejercicio de pensar’(the exercise of thinking), Fernando Martínez Heredia ( El Caimán Barbudo 1967: 2–5) made reference to the words of Enrique Varona to describe what, in his view, was the appropriate role of the intellectual in the Cuban Revolution. Varona had argued that thinking was a rare human trait as it went against basic desires that preferred dogmas to ideas. Martínez Heredia's position on the role of the intellectual would have a prophetic character, for, soon after, given responsibility for the direction of the newly created Department of Philosophy at the University of Havana, he led a young group of academics gathered around the journal Pensamiento Crítico . In their heyday, both the group and their publication came to be identified with the concept of the revolutionary (and the Revolution’s) intellectual. This article examines the formative process of this new, politically committed, intellectual in the Revolution and explores the role played by this group in the intervening years, including the special relationship it established with the European New Left.
Fluorine‐Containing n‐6 and Angular and Linear n‐6‐n’ (n, n’ = 5, 6, 7) Diaza‐Heterocyclic Scaffolds Assembled on Benzene Core in Unified Way

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The title compounds, including hybrids (n ≠ n’), were assembled on benzene core in a unified way based on only one starting material C 6 F 5 NH 2 and a limited number of simple substitution and condensation reactions. The heterocyclic moieties were 1,3‐diazoles, 1,2,3‐triazoles, 1,2,5‐thia(selena)diazoles, 1.4‐diazines and 1,5‐diazepines, as well as 1,3,2‐dioxaboroles. Representatives of all new scaffolds were characterized by XRD. Compounds synthesized are of biomedical interest in the context of apoptotic anticancer activity, and the 1,2,5‐thiadiazole/1,3,2‐dioxaborole hybrid also in that of neutron or/and proton capture therapy of cancer. New 1,2,5‐chalcogenadiazoles are protected forms of otherwise hardly accessible fluorine‐containing di‐ and tetra‐amines for further syntheses.
Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Mass Analysis of Oligolysine-Coated DNA Nanostructures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Cationic coatings can enhance the stability of synthetic DNA objects in low ionic strength environments such as physiological fluids. Here, we used single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), pseudoatomic model fitting, and single-molecule mass photometry to study oligolysine and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-oligolysine-coated multilayer DNA origami objects. The coatings preserve coarse structural features well on a resolution of multiple nanometers but can also induce deformations such as twisting and bending. Higher-density coatings also led to internal structural deformations in the DNA origami test objects, in which a designed honeycomb-type helical lattice was deformed into a more square-lattice-like pattern. Under physiological ionic strength, where the uncoated objects disassembled, the coated objects remained intact but they shrunk in the helical direction and expanded in the direction perpendicular to the helical axis. Helical details like major/minor grooves and crossover locations were not discernible in cryo-EM maps that we determined of DNA origami coated with oligolysine and PEG-oligolysine, whereas these features were visible in cryo-EM maps determined from the uncoated reference objects. Blunt-ended double-helical interfaces remained accessible underneath the coating and may be used for the formation of multimeric DNA origami assemblies that rely on stacking interactions between blunt-ended helices. The ionic strength requirements for forming multimers from coated DNA origami differed from those needed for uncoated objects. Using single-molecule mass photometry, we found that the mass of coated DNA origami objects prior to and after incubation in low ionic strength physiological conditions remained unchanged. This finding indicated that the coating effectively prevented strand dissociation but also that the coating itself remained stable in place. Our results validate oligolysine coatings as a powerful stabilization method for DNA origami but also reveal several potential points of failure that experimenters should watch to avoid working with false premises.
PPG embedded system for blood pressure monitoring

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we have designed and implemented a microcontroller-based embedded system for blood pressure monitoring through a PhotoPlethysmoGraphic (PPG) technique. In our system, it is possible to perform PPG measurements via reflectance mode. Hardware novelty of our system consists in the adoption of Silicon PhotoMultiplier detectors. The signal received from the photodetector is used to calculate the instantaneous heart rate and therefore the heart rate variability. The obtained results show that, by using our system, it is possible to easily extract both the PPG and the breath signal. These signals can be used to monitor the patients during the convalescence both in hospital and at home
Sacred Psychotherapy in the “Age of Authenticity”: Healing and Cultural Revivalism in Contemporary Finland

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Like other European countries, contemporary Finland has witnessed an explosion of healing modalities designatable as “New Age” (though not without profound controversy, [1]). This paper focuses on Finnish courses in lament (wept song, tuneful weeping with words) that combine healing conceived along psychotherapeutic lines and lessons from the lament tradition of rural Karelia, a region some Finns regard as their cultural heartland. A primary goal of the paper is to explicate a concept of “authenticity” emerging in lament courses, in which disclosing the depths of one’s feelings is supported not only by invoking “psy-“ discourses of self-help, but also by construing the genuine emotional self-disclosure that characterizes neolamentation as a sacred activity and a vital contribution to the welfare of the Finnish people.
The emergence of objects: A study in constitution.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this dissertation I first motivate the need for the constitution relation by raising what Michael C. Rea has called the problem of material constitution and arguing that many of the so-called solutions of the problem do not in fact resolve it. I then look to recent accounts of constitution in the literature and focus on five for a thorough statement and critical appraisal: Frederick Doepke, Judith Jarvis Thomson, Lynne Rudder Baker, Samuel Levey, and Michael C. Rea. In each case I argue that the view is either incomplete, commits one to dubious entities and/or other consequences (e.g., top-down property borrowing) that are themselves unwarranted, or is incapable of accounting for paradigm cases of constitutionally related objects. Finally, I offer my own view of the constitution relation which accounts for an object's extrinsic relations as well as its intrinsic features, fully explains both the similarity and the dissimilarity among constitutionally related objects (without multiplying kinds), and is consistent with supervenience. In the end, I offer a view that is sufficiently robust to account for all constitutionally related phenomena in the world.
The effect of trait mindfulness on dishonesty : examination of self-control as a mediator

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Recent studies have explored the association between trait and state mindfulness and various unethical behaviors. Despite this, there is limited knowledge on the influence of trait mindfulness on specific unethical behaviors such as dishonesty. The present study examines the relationship between trait mindfulness and dishonesty through an adapted matrix task among a convenience sample of 164 adults aged 18 to 57 years old. Logistic regression analysis was utilized as dishonesty was measured as a dichotomous variable. The results indicate that trait mindfulness has a significant negative association with dishonesty. The role of self-control as a mediator was also tested. However, the results indicate that self-control did not significantly mediate this relationship. Future studies should examine the effect of other potential mediators such as reward sensitivity and decision making. Additionally, future research addressing limitations in the current study may provide further insight into the association between trait mindfulness and dishonesty and its underlying mechanisms.
Star-Based Node Aggregation for Hierarchical QoS Routing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

본 논문에서는 계층적 QoS 라우팅을 위해 소스 라우팅 방식을 채택하고 있는 전달망에서 적정 경로를 배정하기 위해 필요로 하는 망의 상태 정보를 효율적으로 집단화하는 방법을 제안한다. 이것은 비대칭망에서 집단화 할 링크의 QoS 파라미터가 두 개 이상일 때 기존 스타 집단화 방법이 갖는 집단화된 정보의 부정확성을 줄이기 위한 방법으로, 서비스경계라인을 논리 링크로 갖는 풀 메쉬 토폴로지를 스타 토폴로지로 변형한다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 서비스경계라인의 3가지 속성인 분할, 조인 그리고 통합을 정의하며 이 속성들을 이용한 스타 토폴로지로의 변형과 풀 메쉬로의 복원 방법을 제시한다. 제안 방법은 기존 방법과 유사한 공간 복잡도와 시간 복잡도를 갖지만 집단화된 정보의 정확도와 질의 응답 정확도는 기존 방법보다 높다는 것을 실험을 통해 알 수 있었다. In this study, we present a method for efficiently aggregating networks state information required to determine feasible paths in transport networks that uses the source routing algorithm for hierarchical QoS routing. It is proposed to transform the full mesh topology whose Service Boundary Line serves as its logical link into the star topology. This is an aggregation method that can be used when there are two or more QoS parameters for the link to be aggregated in an asymmetric network, and it improves the information accuracy of the star topology. For this purpose, the Service Boundary Line's 3 attributes, splitting, joining and integrating, are defined in this study, and they are used to present a topology transformation method. The proposed method is similar to space complexity and time complexity of other known techniques. But simulation results showed that aggregated information accuracy and query response accuracy is more highly than that of other known method.
Assessment of Parental Pressure and Peer Factors Affecting the Performance of Undergraduate Nursing Students Studying in Selected Nursing Colleges of Maharashtra

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Parents put pressure on children for better performance due to their concern for the welfare of their children and for getting employment. Peer pressure is the influence exerted by a peer group in encouraging a person to change his or her attitudes, values and behaviour in order to conform to the group norms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the parent pressure and peer-related factors affecting the performance of undergraduate nursing students of selected nursing colleges of Maharashtra. In this study conducted in 2017, descriptive and inferential analysis was used; 50 undergraduate nursing students were selected by stratified random sampling. The findings show that the majority 16 (32%) of nursing students percentage in first year BSc nursing was less than 50 and majority 29 (58%) nursing students percentages in 12th standard was between 40% - 60%. Significant difference was observed between parental pressure-related factors and peer factors. The parental pressure factors had a higher impact (median score=3.65) than peer factors impact (median score=3.30) on nursing students’ performance. There was significant difference between parental pressure factors and gender (p=0.044). The girls experienced more parental pressure (mean rank=30.78) than boys (mean rank=22.53).
Agonist‐Dependent Modulation by the Long‐Acting Mu Opioid Receptor Antagonist, Methocinnamox (MCAM)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Opioid overdose is a leading cause of death in the US. Naloxone (NLX), a mu opioid receptor (MOR) competitive antagonist, is the only treatment currently available for reversing opioid overdose. Unfortunately, NLX’s effects are limited by a short duration of action and ease of surmountability by opioid agonists. Methocinnamox ( MCAM) is a novel MOR antagonist that has a long duration of action in vivo and holds promise as a better treatment for overdose and perhaps opioid use disorder. In this study, we compared the antagonist properties of MCAM to that of NLX and beta‐funaltrexamine (β‐FNA; an irreversible MOR antagonist). In HEK cells that express human MOR, DAMGO inhibited forskolin‐stimulated cAMP levels in a concentration dependent manner with an EC50 of 10 nM and a maximal inhibition of 40%. Pretreatment (15 min or 2 hrs) with NLX (100 nM, 10 x Ki) shifted the DAMGO concentration response curve (CRC) to the right, 100‐fold, in a fully surmountable manner that was independent of pretreatment time and fully reversed following NLX washout. Pretreatment with β‐FNA (10 nM) reduced the DAMGO maximal response in a time‐dependent, non‐surmountable and irreversible manner with no effect on the potency of DAMGO. By contrast to both β‐FNA and NLX, pretreatment with MCAM (10 nM) reduced the maximal response in a time‐dependent, non‐surmountable, non‐washable, and irreversible manner and shifted the DAMGO CRC to the right 1000‐fold. We hypothesized that this rightward shift in the DAMGO CRC may be due to allosteric properties of MCAM at MOR. A hallmark of allosterism is ligand dependence, so we next tested effects of MCAM, β‐FNA and NLX on a different mu opioid agonist, fentanyl. As expected, pretreatment with β‐FNA reduced the maximal response to fentanyl in a non‐surmountable manner without affecting potency, whereas NLX pretreatment shifted the CRC of fentanyl to the right (decreased the potency) in a manner that was fully surmountable and independent of pretreatment time. By contrast, pretreatment with MCAM reduced the maximal response to fentanyl in a non‐surmountable manner and shifted the CRC to the left (increased potency). Altogether, these data suggest that MCAM may be an irreversible orthosteric antagonist and an allosteric modulator at MOR. Support or Funding Information Supported by NIH/NIDA RO1 grant DA048214
A ‘sweet spot’ for complement receptor CD46 activity via direct regulation of glycolytic vs. moonlighting functions of GAPDH

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Autocrine engagement of the complement receptor CD46, driven by T cell receptor (TCR) activation on human CD4+ T cells, is critical for human Th1 induction: Processing of the intracellular CD46 domains by γ-secretase and their nuclear translocation mediates the expression of nutrient transporters GLUT1 and LAT1, increases glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and enables metabolic reprogramming required for cell growth, expansion and effector function. How, at the molecular level, CYT-1 enables this fundamental cellular adaptation remains unknown. To probe for CYT-1 interacting proteins we generated antibodies against cleaved CYT-1 and performed co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Unexpectedly, mass spectrometry revealed association of CYT-1 with several glycolytic enzymes, including glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Although ELISA and MST-based experiments confirmed a strong, dose-dependent CYT-1/GAPDH interaction, glycolytic activity was hardly affected by CYT-1. Rather, CYT-1 modulated the activity of a key ‘moonlighting function’ of GAPDH, namely the posttranscriptional regulation of mRNA stability/translation: CYT-1 binding fostered desoligomerization of glycolytically active GAPDH tetramers to monomers with altered mRNA binding abilities – particularly for mRNAs encoding metabolic enzymes. These data identify CD46 as a ‘shape-shifter’ of GAPDH activity, critically balancing its canonical (glycolysis) versus non-canonical (posttranscriptional regulation) activity – further substantiating the notion that autocrine complement is a critical regulator of normal cell physiology.
RESTORING HIDDEN NON STATIONARY PROCESS USING TRIPLET PARTIALLY MARKOV CHAIN WITH LONG MEMORY NOISE

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The hidden Markov chains (HMC), which are widely used in different data restoration problems, have recently been generalised to pairwise partially Markov chains (PPMC), in which the distribution of the observed chain conditional on the hidden one is of any form. In particular, longmemory noise cases can be dealt with. The aim of this paper is to propose a parameter estimation method and to show, via experiments, that unsupervised PPMC based image segmentation can perform better, when the noise is a long-memory one, than the classical HMC based methods.
Analysis and Research on Technology Path, Social Value and Key Technologies of Intelligent Teaching System in the Age of Artificial Intelligence 2.0

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to explore the problems in technology path, social value and key technologies of intelligent teaching system in the era of artificial intelligence 2.0, this paper takes four modules of intelligent teaching system in the era of artificial intelligence 2.0 as objects , and discusses the application path and social value of intelligent teaching system, and carries out in-depth research on the key technologies of natural language processing, question answering system, expression recognition and educational data mining corresponding to the four modules. This paper also analyzes the status, role and development trend of four key technologies in the application and development process of intelligent teaching system in the era of artificial intelligence 2.0. The research in this paper can provide the basis for the development and application of intelligent teaching system in the era of artificial intelligence 2.0, and promote the better integration and development of new information technology and education & teaching.
Evolutionary Design Optimization of an Alkaline Water Electrolysis Cell for Hydrogen Production

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Hydrogen is an excellent energy source for long-term storage and free of greenhouse gases. However, its high production cost remains an obstacle to its advancement. The two main parameters contributing to the high cost include the cost of electricity and the cost of initial financial investment. It is possible to reduce the latter by the optimization of system design and operation conditions, allowing the reduction of the cell voltage. Because the CAPEX (initial cost divided by total hydrogen production of the electrolyzer) decreases according to current density but the OPEX (operating cost depending on the cell voltage) increases depending on the current density, there exists an optimal current density. In this paper, a genetic algorithm has been developed to find the optimal evolution parameters and to determine an optimum electrolyzer design. The optimal current density has been increased by 10% and the hydrogen cost has been decreased by 1%.
Design for a Darwinian Brain: Part 2. Cognitive Architecture

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The accumulation of adaptations in an open-ended manner during lifetime learning is a holy grail in reinforcement learning, intrinsic motivation, artificial curiosity, and developmental robotics. We present a specification for a cognitive architecture that is capable of specifying an unlimited range of behaviors. We then give examples of how it can stochastically explore an interesting space of adjacent possible behaviors. There are two main novelties; the first is a proper definition of the fitness of self-generated games such that interesting games are expected to evolve. The second is a modular and evolvable behavior language that has systematicity, productivity, and compositionality, i.e. it is a physical symbol system. A part of the architecture has already been implemented on a humanoid robot.