jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Is surveillance of small renal masses safe in the elderly?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 OBJECTIVE To determine if preoperative variables, including gender, age and tumour size, influence the decision for active surveillance of renal masses, as due to the increasing detection of incidental renal masses within the ageing population there is a need to identify reliable means of selecting patients who require therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively identified all renal masses resected at our institution between 1 December 1999, and 1 October 2005. The size of tumour, patient age and gender were compared between those with and without malignancy on final pathology. The influence of these variables in predicting malignancy, high grade, and high stage were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis using logistic regression models, with a significance level of P < 0.05. Subsets were analysed for the groups of patients with tumours of ≤3 or >3 cm and those aged ≤75 or >75 years. RESULTS Among 466 of 501 patients with evaluable data, univariate analysis showed that both male gender and increasing size positively predicted malignancy (odds ratio 1.13 and 1.40, respectively), but age, treated as a continuous variable, did not. On multivariate analysis both remained independent predictors of malignancy (odds ratio 1.13 and 1.40, respectively). Size was the only independent predictor of high‐stage and high‐grade disease on both univariate and multivariate analysis. Among 156 patients with tumours of ≤3 cm, on multivariate analysis, male gender was only weakly associated with the risk of malignancy, whereas size remained strongly predictive (odds ratio 1.98, P = 0.076; and 2.16, P = 0.015, respectively). Neither male gender, size nor age increased the risk of high‐stage or high‐grade disease in this cohort. Patients who were aged >75 years had a greater risk of high‐stage disease than those aged <75 years (odds ratio 2.64, P = 0.008). On multivariate analysis, age >75 years remained an independent predictor of malignancy and high‐stage, along with size (odds ratio 2.75, P = 0.014; and 1.35, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increased size of tumour increases the risk of malignancy and the likelihood of high‐stage and high‐grade disease. Among patients aged >75 years there was a higher risk of malignancy and high‐stage disease than in those aged ≤75 years. As such, the decision for observation should not be based upon age alone, and should be approached with caution in patients aged >75 years, particularly for larger lesions.
Work-related wellbeing in UK Higher Education-2014

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report presents the findings of a national survey of work-related wellbeing in higher education. The sample comprised 6439 respondents working in academic and academic-related roles in UK universities and colleges. The Health and Safety Executive framework for measuring work-related stress was used and findings compared with data obtained in previous waves of the research. Other factors, such as perceptions of stress, illegitimate tasks and change fatigue and job satisfaction were examined. Mental and physical health, absenteeism and presenteeism and work-life balance were also assessed. The implications for UK higher education are discussed.
Novel cooperative antipredator tactics of an ant specialized against a snake

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Eusocial insects can express surprisingly complex cooperative defence of the colony. Brood and reproductive castes typically remain in the nest and are protected by workers' various antipredator tactics against intruders. In Madagascar, a myrmicine ant, Aphaenogaster swammerdami , occurs sympatrically with a large blindsnake, Madatyphlops decorsei . As blindsnakes generally specialize on feeding on termites and ants brood by intruding into the nest, these snakes are presumably a serious predator on the ant. Conversely, a lamprophiid snake, Madagascarophis colubrinus , is considered to occur often in active A . swammerdami nests without being attacked. By presenting M . colubrinus , M . decorsei and a control snake, Thamnosophis lateralis , at the entrance of the nest, we observed two highly specialized interactions between ants and snakes: the acceptance of M . colubrinus into the nest and the cooperative evacuation of the brood from the nest for protection against the ant-eating M . decorsei . Given that M . colubrinus is one of the few known predators of blindsnakes in this area, A . swammerdami may protect their colonies against this blindsnake by two antipredator tactics, symbiosis with M . colubrinus and evacuation in response to intrusion by blindsnakes. These findings demonstrate that specialized predators can drive evolution of complex cooperative defence in eusocial species.
Mir-21 Regulation of MARCKS Protein and Mucin Secretion in Airway Epithelial Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hypersecretion of mucus characterizes many inflammatory airway diseases, including asthma, chronic bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis. Excess mucus causes airway obstruction, reduces pulmonary function, and can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. MicroRNAs are small non-coding pieces of RNA which regulate other genes by binding to a complementary sequence in the target mRNA. The microRNA miR-21 is upregulated in many inflammatory conditions and, interestingly, miR-21 has been shown to target the mRNA of Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate (MARCKS), a protein that is an important regulator of airway mucin (the solid component of mucus) secretion. In these studies, we determined that exposure of primary, well-differentiated, normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells to the pro-inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased expression of both miR-21 and MARCKS in a time-dependent manner. To investigate whether miR-21 regulation of MARCKS played a role in mucin secretion, two separate airway epithelial cell lines, HBE1 (papilloma virus transformed) and NCI-H292 (mucodepidermoid derived) were utilized, since manipulation of miR-21 is performed via transfection of commercially-available miR-21 inhibitors and mimics/activators. Treatment of HBE1 cells with LPS caused concentration-dependent increases in expression of both miR-21 and MARCKS mRNA and protein. The miR-21 inhibitor effectively reduced levels of miR-21 in the cells, coincident with an increase in MARCKS mRNA expression over time as well as enhanced mucin secretion, while the miR-21 mimic/activator increased levels of miR-21, which coincided with a decrease in expression of MARCKS and a decrease in mucin secretion. These results suggest that miR-21 is increased in airway epithelial cells following exposure to LPS, and that miR-21 downregulates expression of MARCKS, which may decrease mucin secretion by the cells. Thus, miR-21 may act as a negative feedback regulator of mucin secretion in airway epithelial cells, and may do so, at least in part, by downregulating expression of MARCKS.
RENA-Depth: toward recursion representation enhancement in neighborhood attention guided lightweight self-supervised monocular depth estimation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although self-supervised depth estimation models based on transformers have achieved success, lightweight depth prediction networks exhibit a particularly pronounced issue with depth prediction blurriness at object boundaries compared to standard depth prediction networks. We found that this problem arises from the token dimension constraints, which limit the precise representation of semantic and spatial information. To address this challenge, we introduce a lightweight monocular self-supervised depth estimation network, RENA-Depth, which leverages convolutional neural network neighborhood attention-guided recursive Transformers to enhance depth estimation precision. Specifically, the design begins with the introduction of neighborhood adaptive attention (NA), which focuses on local and regional scales. This component adaptively mines latent semantic and spatial information from the neighborhoods of the input features of self-attention. Subsequently, a global feature recursive interaction module was developed to recursively refine the interaction between local and global information, enhancing the representation of semantic and spatial information without a significant increase in parameters. Finally, an attention equilibrium loss is proposed, which motivates richer semantic information representation and clarifies boundary depth by penalizing the orthogonality similarity of attention mechanisms. Extensive evaluations on the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute and Make3D datasets have demonstrated that the proposed lightweight self-supervised depth estimation model, RENA-Depth, outperforms the most advanced lightweight depth detection algorithms, confirming its efficacy and innovation in improving depth prediction accuracy.
Evaluation of applying γ-H2AX as a radiation biodosimetry with an animal model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective
To evaluate the potential feasibility of γ-H2AX foci as a biodosimetry after exposure to ionizing radiation by comparing DNA double-strand break repair kinetics in rat blood lymphocytes with that in human lymphocytes.

Methods
Peripheral blood lymphocytes separated from Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats and healthy adults were exposed to γ-rays, and some rats were also subjected to total body irradiation. The inductions of DNA repair-related foci of γ-H2AX, pATM (S1981) and pDNA-PKcs (T2609) were detected with immunofluorescence staining technique at different time points post-irradiation, and the status of their co-localization was analyzed.

Results
The induction kinetics of γ-H2AX foci in rat lymphocytes was similar to that observed in human lymphocytes. The frequencies of γ-H2AX foci peaked at 30 min after γ-ray irradiation (trat=62.64, thuman=28.52, P<0.05), then decreased rapidly after 6 h post-irradiation (trat=45.96, thuman=14.80, P<0.05), and the residual foci number remained only about 3%-8% of its maximal value at 24 h post-irradiation. At 30 min after γ-ray irradiation, the frequencies of pATM (S1981) and pDNA-PKcs (T2609) foci in rat and human lymphocytes significantly higher than those of nonirradiated control (trat=21.05, 25.80, thuman=11.07, 29.52, P<0.05), and the frequencies of co-localization of pATM (S1981) or pDNA-PKcs (T2609) foci with γ-H2AX foci also markedly increased by 26%-32% in irradiated lymphocytes of rat and human (trat=5.34, 9.14, thuman=18.32, 51.28, P<0.05). Moreover, γ-H2AX foci incidence in rat lymphocytes in vitro was consistent with that induced by total body irradiation of rat. The number of γ-H2AX foci in irradiated rat lymphocytes increased with irradiation dose in a linear dose-dependent manner, its slope was similar to that of irradiated human lymphocytes reported by other laboratory.

Conclusions
Rat is a useful animal model to evaluate radiation biodosimetry with γ-H2AX foci in lymphocytes. The co-activation of ATM and DNA-PK plays an important role in DSB repair in the irradiated lymphocytes of rat and human.

Key words:
γ-rays; lymphocytes; γ-H2AX; pATM(S1981); pDNA-PKcs(T2609)
Electronic and structural transition in $La_{0.2} Sr_{0.8} Mn O_3$

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the interplay of the electronic and structural transition in La$_{0.2}$Sr$_{0.8}$MnO$_{3}$. The transport and specific heat measurements exhibit unusual evolutions and signature of a first order phase transition around 265 K. Mn K-edge extended $x$-ray absorption fine structure results reveal distortion in the MnO$_6$ octahedra even in the cubic phase and a remarkable evolution of the distortion across the phase transition. These results manifest the importance of fluctuations in Mn 3$d$ orbital occupancy and disorder in their electronic properties, which may help in understanding the orbital and spin ordering proposed in these systems.
In vitro anti-aging activity of Muntingia calabura L. fruit extract and its fractions

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Context: Premature aging usually occurred due to free radicals reducing the skins’ physiological functions. Muntingia calabura, a plant containing rich antioxidants, has the potential to overcome this problem. Aims: To evaluate the antioxidant capacity of M. calabura in inhibiting the premature aging process, to be potentially developed into an antiaging active ingredient. Methods: The samples were extracted using ethanol 96%, and processed into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol fractions, respectively. Total phenolic content was determined, followed by the evaluation of antioxidant capacity through DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assay. Further, anti-elastase was conducted using human neutrophil elastase as a skin degradation enzyme, followed by an anti-collagenase test. Finally, normal cell proliferation was also evaluated via the MTT method measuring cell viability on HDFa cells. Results: As the results, ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and ethanol fraction showed a strong antioxidant effect, having great capacity reducing DPPH, ABTS radicals, and also iron reduction, in contrast to n-hexane fraction that exhibited only weak activity. The antioxidant trend capacities were found directly correlated to total phenolic contents. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction was found to have optimum activity in inhibiting elastase and collagenase enzymes, showing a similar impact on cell viability. Conclusions: The ethyl acetate fraction from M. calabura exhibits the prospect for further development to support its effectiveness as an active ingredient in antiaging cosmetics.
Monensin supplementation increases weight gain in stocker steers, but higher doses reduce essential mineral intake

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Monensin is known to improve feed efficiency in cattle. At higher doses, however, monensin reduces the palatability of mineral supplements, which may reduce consumption of essential minerals such as selenium. The main objective of this study was to compare weight gain, while evaluating the impact on blood selenium concentrations, among treatment and control groups of stocker calves supplemented with a self-fed mineral supplement designed to deliver different amounts of monensin, while the control group received the same mineral without monensin. A secondary objective was to compare the presence of pathogenic and total coccidia oocysts. At study end, all monensin treatment groups weighed more than the control group but were not different from each other. No effect was detected on coccidia oocysts. In sum, there is a production gain from providing monensin in a mineral supplement to weaned calves on pasture. However, too high a dose may lead to insufficient trace mineral consumption. This is a concern in areas where forage is deficient in these nutrients.
An Intelligent Detection of Alzheimer Disease Using Advanced Deep Learning Approaches

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease is becoming more common daily, especially in elderly persons over the age of 55 and eventually becomes the cause of their demise. It is the most common kind of dementia in the neurological system. It causes a continuous decline in cognitive function, ultimately eradicating a person's ability to think and understand since early diagnosis is one of the most essential components for improving medical and therapeutic results. Compared to conventional machine learning methods, deep learning models outperform them in diagnosing AD since they do not require manually created feature extraction. The significant idea of this study is to describe how to classify MRIs of AD using transfer learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and to create a deep learning-based pipeline for accurately identifying and categorizing the various phases of AD. The recommended analysis makes use of learning models that have already been trained and evaluated, such as VGG19, Inception V3, and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), to reach test accuracies of 95.5%, 91.5%, and 92.16%, respectively. They are recognizing that VGG19 affords the highest degree of accuracy.
[Pregnancy and labor in a mother with Silver-Russel syndrome].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 23-year-old primigravida admitted to the labor room one week prior to term because of bleeding was known to have a congenital asymmetry, but a heart defect, which decisively affected the course of delivery, had been undiagnosed up to that time. Secondary caesarean section was necessary for fetal and maternal indications. In women with congenital hemihypertrophy or hemihypotrophy (Silver-Russel syndrome), any associated malformations should be ruled out prior to pregnancy.
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: increasing awareness and improving diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a hereditary disorder that is characterized by a low serum level of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT). The loss of anti-inflammatory and antiproteolytic functions, together with pro-inflammatory effects of polymerized AAT contribute to protein degradation and increased inflammation resulting in an increased risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema, especially in smokers. AATD is a rare disease that is significantly underdiagnosed. According to recent data that are based on extrapolations, in many countries only 5–15% of homozygous individuals have been identified. Furthermore, the diagnostic delay typically exceeds 5 years, resulting in an average age at diagnosis of about 45 years. Although the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society recommendations state that all symptomatic adults with persistent airway obstruction should be screened, these recommendations are not being followed. Potential reasons for that include missing knowledge about the disease and the appropriate tests, and the low awareness of physicians with regard to the disorder. Once the decision to initiate testing has been made, a screening test (AAT serum level or other) should be performed. Further diagnostic evaluation is based on the following techniques: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for frequent and clinically important mutations, isoelectric focusing (IEF) with or without immunoblotting, and sequencing of the gene locus coding for AAT. Various diagnostic algorithms have been published for AATD detection (severe deficiency or carrier status). Modern laboratory approaches like the use of serum separator cards, a lateral flow assay to detect the Z-protein, and a broader availability of next-generation sequencing are recent advances, likely to alter existing algorithms.
A review of delusions of parasitosis, part 2: treatment options.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Delusions of parasitosis (DOP), a psychiatric disorder in which patients erroneously insist that they are infested with parasites, remains a treatment problem for dermatologists. Generally, these patients are resistant to psychiatric referral and treatment with psychotropic medications. We discuss treatment options and management recommendations. Pimozide, along with judicious patient communication, remains the treatment of choice for DOP.
Impact of Quality Management Practices on the Performance and Growth of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (Smes) in Ghana

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose - This study investigates how the implementation of quality management practices will impact on the performance and growth of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in a developing country, Ghana. Design/methodology/approach - The quantitative approach and the survey method of collecting data was used. The questionnaire was administered through the face-to-face interview. A sample of 200 small firms that employ not more than 50 workers within the metropolis of the capital, Accra was selected and interviewed. Findings – The results have established that if firms implement quality management practices, it will have a tremendous impact on the performance and growth of SMEs in Ghana. The study also finds support for the argument that quality management practices improve organizational performance both in large and small businesses and in any part of the world.
Some Aspects of Special Education in Oxfordshire: Innovation and Change

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are two quite distinct ways in which the word "policy 'is used in education. In one sense it can be a summary of what is actually going on in a particular area, a post hoc rationalisation or passive conception of policy. In its second sense it may define attempts to supply coherence and direction to what is going on. In this sense 'policy' carries connotations of central control over an area of practice, but in the permissive and hence diverse education system in the UK it can be difficult to discern any active educational policy developed beyond the confines of a single classroom. Education in the UK is often characterised by an absence of active policy making. Sometimes one school may appear to have a unified sense of direction but it is extremely rare for a local authority to attempt to impose a structure on the historical, economic and personal forces which can determine what happens between teachers and pupils. The beginnings of just such an attempt are discernible for children with special needs in Oxfordshire. The following case-study, which concentrates on secondary education, documents some aspects of these ideas of policy, their background and some of the problems that arise in attempting to implement them. It utilises information obtained directly from some of the people involved and from already published sources. Its purpose is to provide some indications for policy development in other areas and inevitably it is a very partial and incomplete picture.
LACTATE AND LACTATE/PYRUVATE RATIO DURING ACELLULAR NORMOTHERMIC EX VIVO REJECTED AND CLINICAL HUMAN LUNG PERFUSION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Koike, T.1; Yeung, J. C.2; Cypel, M.1; Matsuda, Y.1; Rubacha, M.1; Liu, M.1; Waddell, T. K.1; Keshavjee, S.1 Author Information
The Harrowing of Hell in Medieval England

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Book Review| October 01 2009 The Harrowing of Hell in Medieval England The Harrowing of Hell in Medieval England, Karl Tamburr. Zbigniew Izydorczyk Zbigniew Izydorczyk Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google The Journal of English and Germanic Philology (2009) 108 (4): 533–534. https://doi.org/10.2307/20722775 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Zbigniew Izydorczyk; The Harrowing of Hell in Medieval England. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology 1 October 2009; 108 (4): 533–534. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/20722775 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressThe Journal of English and Germanic Philology Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. © 2009 Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2009 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.