jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Variation of Inoculation Complex Microbial Community in Three Stages MSW Composting Process Controlled by Temperature

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Adding inoculation agent is one of the effective methods to accelerate the composting process of municipal solid wastes. However, because of the competing of indigenous microorganisms, high concentration of existing indigenous microorganisms could inhibit the prevalence of inoculating microorganisms.When indigenous microorganisms concentration in the raw material was 4×10 8 CFU/g,the microorganisms of inoculating did not grow up.With the process,the microbial population of inoculation declined rapidly and no\|inoculating microbial population rose up quickly and reached a peak of 10 10 CFU/g. When indigenous microorganisms concentration was 4×10 5 CFU/g,the microorganisms of inoculation could inhibit the prevalence of the indigenous microorganisms and inoculating microbial population increased quickly and reached a peak of 10 11 CFU/g.Therefore,this paper introduces a method of three stages composting technology,which combined the heat produced from composting system and some extra energy,and heated up the composting temperature above 75℃ in 4 hours as well as maintaining for 8 hours,It well controlled the concentration of the indigenous microorganisms under 4×10 5 CFU/g and improve the structure of the compost media and make the remaining solids more amenable to biological attack.When composting materials temperature drops to 35℃ to 45℃,add complex microorganisms in composting process.Then they develop more quickly than the others,the concentration of them rose up from 10 8 CFU/g to 10 11 CFU/g and lie in a preponderate position.So with this method,advanced the rate of organic degradation in municipal solid wastes (MSW) composting process,and enhanced the numbers of inoculation microorganisms in composting products. Therefore, they can be as inoculation agent for improving composting conditions, speedup the next composting process, cutting down the composting time, saving original inoculation agent and making composting more economic.But using compost products as inoculum,with the number of feedback increasing,the concentration ratio of inoculation microorganisms and no\|inoculation microorganisms is around 1∶3 (fifth feedback compost products). So,the number of feedback compost products should not be more than five.
Research in nuclear chemistry. Progress report, March 1, 1976--February 28, 1977. [Actinide and lanthanide complexes with organic and inorganic ligands]

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The study of the binding of actinide ions by the humic and fulvic acid fractions of humus soil has been initiated. Comparison of the thermodynamics of binding of actinides by these soil fractions with the analogous data for a variety of monomer ligands of the type expected to be present in humic acid may enable us to derive a useful model for actinide sorption by humus soils. Inasmuch as humus constitutes a large fraction of the soils of the world, development of a model for its binding of actinide ions could be most helpful in understanding the environmental chemistry of the actinide elements. Our investigation of the binding of the actinide ions by these soil fractions has been coupled with a study of the protonation thermodynamics of humic acid in order to provide a more full characterization of these materials.
Sterically Constrained Bicyclic Phosphines: A Class of Fascinating Compounds Suitable for Application in Small Molecule Activation and Coordination Chemistry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Bicyclic phosphines with two annulated, electronically unsaturated five‐membered heterocycles are available through facile routes. In most cases, their phosphorus atoms are bound to heteroatoms such as oxygen or nitrogen (PN 3 or PN 2 O), whereas homoleptic coordination by three sp 2 ‐hybridized carbon atoms has been reported only recently. Steric strain causes unique reactivity. Oxidative addition of halogens, N−H or O−H bonds have afforded phosphoranes as valuable materials for secondary processes. Ring opening was identified as an important step for the understanding of these reactions and has been observed experimentally with a diphosphorus‐based ring system. A PH 2 derivative has been considered as a model system for small molecule activation, and hydrogen transfer to a diazo compound was observed experimentally. Several of these phosphines are excellent ligands for the coordination of transition‐metal atoms. The very bulky PC 3 compound has a basicity similar to that of PPh 3 and may allow the synthesis of complexes with unusually low coordination numbers at the metal atoms. These phosphines found recently renewed interest as promising reagents in various secondary transformations such as the activation of σ‐bonds or in coordination chemistry.
[Pharmacokinetic data on phenobarbital. Study on the influence of gestational age and dysmaturity].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Blood levels of barbiturate after a single intramuscular injection of 10 mg of phenobarbiitone have been plotted against time in 15 neonates at term of whom five were normal and 10 were dysmature, and 15 pre-term infants between 32 and 34 wesks gestation, of whom 12 had a satisfactory weight and 3 were dysmature. The analysis of the experiments according to a mathematical model gave the following results. Half life of absorption +/- 1 S.D. 9.55 HR +/- 6.97 for the term neonates and 11.12 hr +/- 7.61 for the pre-term infants. The difference is not significant. Half life of elimination +/- 1 S.D. 118.06 hours +/- 64.79 for the neonates of term and 110.49 hr +/- 37.19 for the pre-term infants. The half life of elimination is much shorter in the pre-term dysmature infants 74.10 hrs +/- 40.12. The individual variations are important but the differences between the groups of neonates studied are not great. This permits re-grouping and calculation of a half life of elimination for the whole group of 114.28 hr +/- 28.05. The risk of over dosage and the large individual variation in the metabolism of phenobarbitone in the new born lead us to recommend checking the blood levels when giving repeated doses.
Early life exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus induces cardiometabolic disease development in the rat offspring

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy. Children of mothers that had GDM are at increased risk for the development of cardiometabolic disease later in life, though the mechanisms responsible for these observations are unknown. We propose that impaired cardiac energy metabolism and mitochondrial function, programmed in utero, may be a contributing mechanism to cardiometabolic disease development and hypothesize that fetal exposure to GDM induces alterations in cardiomyocyte metabolism resulting in the development of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in the offspring with age. Using an established rodent model, GDM was induced by feeding female rats a high fat (45% kcal) and sucrose (HFS) diet prior to mating, throughout pregnancy and lactation. Lean control females received a low fat (10% kcal; LF) diet. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from fetal rat offspring to investigate glucose metabolic flux, mitochondrial bioenergetics and calcium handling. Offspring from Lean and GDM dams were weaned onto LF and HFS diets and aged to 12-months. To investigate cardiometabolic disease progression in the offspring, cardiac morphology and function was assessed by transthoracic ultrasound throughout the life course (fetal to 12-months of age) and the cardiac transcriptome and metabolome were measured in 3-month-old offspring. Offspring exposed to GDM exhibited increased left ventricular (LV) cardiac hypertrophy and impaired LV filling throughout their lifespan. Consistent with the development of diastolic dysfunction in vivo, alterations in calcium flux and sarcoplasmic reticulum-dependent calcium re-uptake were observed in fetal cardiomyocytes isolated from GDM offspring. In 3-month-old offspring cardiac and serum metabolomics revealed an altered acylcarnitine profile. Alterations in the metabolome corresponded to changes in gene expression patterns identified by RNA-Seq associated with glucose and fatty acid metabolism pathways. Large-scale multi-omics profiling revealed GDM induced alterations in the cardiac transcriptome resulting in modified serum and cardiac metabolite levels in the offspring. These alterations corresponded with mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired cardiomyocyte metabolic flux and contractility, in concert with LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in the rat offspring. Our findings implicate altered cardiac energy metabolism and mitochondrial function as a mechanism linking early life exposure to GDM to the development of cardiometabolic disease later in life.
A comparative study of lymphocytes in effusions of patients with tuberculosis or malignant disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The diagnostic value of the determination of the relative distribution of B (SmIg-positive) and T (E rosetting) cells in the blood and in pleural or ascitic effusions was evaluated in 10 patients with tuberculosis and in six with malignant diseases. A higher percentage of T and a lower percentage of B lymphocytes in serous fluids than in peripheral blood was observed for both groups of patients. We conclude that this procedure is valueless in differentiating between tuberculosis and malignant diseases when effusions containing predominantly lymphocytes and devoid of metastatic cells are examined.
Ënghe, ence and also anche

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The contribution examines the behaviour of additive particles in a specific language contact situation, namely the Ladin speaking area in Trentino-South Tyrol (Italy). Ladin is a minority language spoken by ca. 30,000 speakers, whose linguistic repertoires include also Italian (Fassa valley) and German (Badia and Gardena valleys). The analysis of a corpus of bilingual speech shows that, contrary to other types of particles (such as discourse markers), there is no borrowing of additive particles from Italian and German to Ladin. Nevertheless, the contact with these languages affects the position and scope of additive particles in the utterance, especially in Badia and Gardena Ladin.
High luminosity fixed-target experiment at the LHC

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

By extracting the beam with a bent crystal or by using an internal gas target, the multi-TeV proton and lead LHC beams allow one to perform the most energetic fixed-target experiments ever and to study $pp$, $p$d and $p$A collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=115$ GeV and Pb$p$ and PbA collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=72$ GeV with high precision and modern detection techniques. Such studies would address open questions in the domain of the nucleon and nucleus partonic structure at high-$x$, quark-gluon plasma and, by using longitudinally or transversally polarised targets, spin physics. In this paper, we will review the technical solutions to obtain a high-luminosity fixed-target experiment at the LHC and will discuss their possible implementations with the ALICE and LHCb detectors.
Computational Analysis and Integration of MeDIP-seq Methylome Data

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The combinatorial number of possible methylomes in biological time and space is astronomical. Consequently, the computational analysis of methylomes needs to cater for a variety of data, throughput and resolution. Here, we review recent advances in 2nd generation sequencing (2GS) with a focus on the different methods used for the analysis of MeDIP-seq data. The challenges and opportunities presented by the integration of methylation data with other genomic data types are discussed as is the potential impact of emerging 3rd generation sequencing (3GS) based technologies on methylation analysis.
Simulation in the Ultrasonic Submersion Test for Layered Anisotropic Plates

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : This is a report describing the research performed during the past two years. The project has been funded for two years, and additional funding for a third year is requested. The contents of this report includes the following: (1) A description of the typical ultrasonic submersion test set-up; and (2) A brief summary concerning the research achievements for the past two years. A renewal of one year was requested to complete work already brought to a high level during the past two years and is currently being funded.
Influence of Slow Release Urea Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and N Uptake on Maize under Calcareous Soil Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Heavy N losses are always associated with urea fertilizer application therefore, improving its efficiency is crucial to reduce economic and environmental losses related with its application.The viable approach to reduce the N losses from the surface applied urea is to coat it with sulfur, urease inhibitor and other biodegradable materials.Field experiment were conducted to investigate the impact of super and urease coated urea on growth, yield, yield components and N uptake in maize under calcareous soil conditions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) during 2011-12.The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications each.Urea coated with urease (agrotain) and nitrification inhibitors (super urea) were applied at 90 kg and 120 kg N ha -1 in 2 or 3 splits.The fertilizer treatments were applied at sowing, after 30 and 60 days of sowing (DAS), respectively.The results showed that inhibitors treated urea significantly improved the growth, yield and yield components of maize crop over granular urea and control treatment.Super urea shows its superiority over agrotain in terms of increased yield.Inhibitors application at 90 kg N ha -1 has pronounced effect than 120 kg N ha -1 .Three splits of coated urea performed better than 2 splits.The highest improvement of 38.06% in grain yield and 45.13% in total N uptake was obtained in treatment receiving super urea at 90 kg N ha -1 compared with granular urea at 90 kg N ha -1 .Agrotain treated urea at 90 kg N ha -1 gave the next highest improvement of 30.55% in grain yield and 38.87% in total N uptake than granular urea and control plots at 90 kg N ha -1 .These results suggest that the combined use of urease + nitrification inhibitors (super urea) was better than urease alone.It was concluded that both agrotain and super coated urea delayed the urea hydrolysis and made the maximum N availability to plants and increase the yield of maize crop.
Symptoms, function and quality of life in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome : an Australian based, cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex condition associated with multiple symptoms, everyday functional impairment and reduced quality of life. However, there is a paucity of published literature on the symptoms associated with everyday functional impairment and quality of life of adults in Australia with ME/CFS. In particular, use of psychometrically tested, disease specific measurement tools is limited. This has implications for understanding the unique symptom presentation of ME/CFS and appropriate clinical management. Aim: To explore the association between symptoms, everyday function and quality of life in a cohort of adult Australians with ME/CFS. Objectives: 1) To describe participants demographic characteristics 2) To explore symptoms (using the ME/CFS specific DePaul Symptom Questionnaire (DSQv1) and their association with everyday function and quality of life (using the generic Medical Outcomes 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) in adults who meet the Institute of Medicine clinical diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS. Method: A cross-sectional sample was obtained from respondents to advertisements on social media, support organisation websites and newsletters. Descriptive statistics were obtained on demographics, symptom scores and everyday function and quality of life. Symptom domains were created from the DSQv1. Associations between symptom domains, everyday function and quality of life were examined using Spearman's correlations. Results: One hundred and fifty-six respondents met the Institute of Medicines clinical diagnostic criteria. The majority of respondents were female (88.5%) and highly educated. In all, 51 (32.7%) were in paid employment and 105 (67.3%) were not in paid employment. All symptom domains had a significant, negative association with the Physical Component Summary of the SF-36 at the p = 0.01 level. The symptom domains with the strongest negative association were post-exertional malaise (Rs = -.596), fatigue (Rs -.539) and pain (Rs = -.506). Conclusion: This Australian study found that post-exertional malaise, fatigue and pain have a strong negative association with everyday function and quality of life in adults with ME/CFS. These findings support local and international literature on the importance of multisymptomatic management of ME/CFS. It also supports investigating the everyday functional limitations of patients and how they perceive their QoL to develop better measurement tools and instigate appropriate supports. Due to the high levels of unemployment in this study, the health economic implications of ME/CFS are of high priority for further study.
The impact of the provincial minimum wage on environmental quality in indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to determine the relationship between provincial minimum wages, poverty, unemployment, and income inequality to the environmental quality index (EQI). This research also aims to demonstrate if the Environmental Kuznet Curve (EKC) hypothesis is applicable in Indonesia. This research utilized secondary data collected from 33 provinces in Indonesia between 2012 and 2021. This research used panel regression with Fixed Effect Model (FEM) as the research method. The research results indicated that the provincial minimum wages and poverty positively and significantly affected the EQI. The results also demonstrated that the EKC hypothesis holds true in Indonesia, as illustrated by the significance of the GRDP per capita and GRDP per capita squared. Meanwhile, this research showed that unemployment and income inequality did not significantly impact the environmental quality index. This study offered a new analysis on the impact of provincial minimum wage on EQI in Indonesia. Therefore, this study has contributed to the additional information to the body of knowledge. The government needs to strive for an increase in the development and use of environmentally friendly products, as well as optimization of environmental protection programs. In addition, government needs to increase the provincial minimum wage according to limits set to improve environmental quality. The limited variables and research methods used are expected that further research can complement this study.
Prevalence and resistance of bacterial strains isolated from chicken beddings in rural households

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The main interest of researchers is focused on the microbiology of the industrial poultry beddings.In this study the microbiology and the microbial resistance of strains isolated from composite samples of poultry (gallus gallus domesticus) beddings originating from rural households has been investigated.In the area of Arta (Epirus, Greece) samples were collected from 300 rural households.These samples were classified regarding the following 4 criteria: (a) the size of the chicken flock, (b) the presence of different poultry species in the same household, (c) the presence of small ruminants in the same household and (d) differences in feeding practices.Results reveal that the microbiology of the beddings was mostly affected by the presence of small ruminants in the same household and the administration of concentrated feeds.Microbial resistance followed the same distribution pattern.The most resistant strains were isolated from samples originating from households breeding both poultry and small ruminants.Feeding with concentrated feeds was a determinant factor and probably the link between resistance and prevalence.
Supplementary Tables from Serum Trimethylamine N-oxide, Carnitine, Choline, and Betaine in Relation to Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Alpha Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Table S1. Mean self-reported dietary intake of selected choline- and carnitine-containing foods among colorectal cancer cases and controls; Supplementary Table S2. Correlation matrix for serum biomarkers among colorectal cancer cases and controls; Supplementary Table S3. ORs (95% CIs) of colorectal cancer ranked by quartile of serum biomarkers, with additional adjustment for usual alcohol intake and aspirin use; Supplementary Table S4. ORs (95% CIs) of colorectal cancer ranked by quartile of serum choline, excluding participants with colorectal cancer diagnoses during the first two and five years of follow-up; Supplementary Table S5. ORs (95% CIs) of colon cancer ranked by quartile of serum biomarkers</p>
Risk Factors for Pituitary Tumors: A Case-control Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Pituitary gland tumors are usually benign but are associated with substantial morbidity. Their etiology is largely unknown. We conducted a population-based case-control study of potential risk factors for pituitary tumors in Southeast England. Information on medical and reproductive history, female sex hormones, and cigarette smoking was collected by personal interview from 299 cases and 630 controls aged 18 to 59 years. Tumor risk was reduced in subjects reporting a past diagnosis of hay fever [odds ratio (OR), 0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.5-1.0] but not asthma or eczema. Risk was raised in women who were postmenopausal 1 year before diagnosis (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.6-6.2), especially if menopause was surgically induced (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 2.2-19.9) or occurred under age 40 years (OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 2.6-21.4). This effect remained when evaluating menopausal status 10 years before diagnosis. There was no association with parity overall, but risk was increased for first childbirth under age 20 years compared with nulliparity (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.4-8.4). No significant association was observed with ever use of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, nor with cigarette smoking, past head injury, past diagnosis with epilepsy, or birth characteristics, except for an inverse association of risk with maternal age. This study suggests a raised risk of pituitary tumors in relation to surgically induced menopause, early postmenopausal age, and young age at childbirth, and possibly a reduced risk with hay fever and increasing maternal age. Reasons for these associations need further investigation, but some associations might be due to hormonal effects of an undiagnosed pituitary tumor. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(5):1492–500)