jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The micorryzal fungi Ceratobasidium sp. and Sebacina vermifera promote seed germination and seedling development of the terrestrial orchid Epidendrum secundum Jacq

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The interaction between seeds and mycorrhizal fungi in germination and developmental processes is complex and far from being understood. The efficiency assessment of mycorrhizal fungi at "in vitro" seed germination of orchids will improve protocols for conservation and horticultural purposes. Applying a culture-dependent approach, we isolated 45 endophytic fungi, from roots of 12 orchid species, growing at two altitudinal levels in the Ecuadorian mountains. From them, 26 Rhizoctonia-like axenical isolates were studied by nuclear ribosomal rDNA sequences analysis, searching for mycorrhizal fungi. Ceratobasidium sp. and Sebacina vermifera were identified and tested for promoting germination and seedling development of Epidendrum secundum Jacq., an endangered medicinal orchid. Symbiotic cultures were stablished in Oat Meal Agar (OMA), and seeds development was compared between Murashige & Skoog enriched medium (MS) and OMA. Germination and seedling development was evaluated during 60 days. Compared with MS medium, symbiotic cultures enhanced plantlets development and significantly reduced germination time. 47.3% and 8.8% of the seeds growing symbiotically with Ceratobasidium sp. and S. vermifera, respectively, reached plantlets stage. The average height from the plantlets growth in symbiotic treatments were higher than MS and OMA treatments (p < .05). E. secundum symbiotically cultured with Ceratobasidium sp. grew higher compared to S. vermifera co-culture. The isolation of two fungi promoting seed germination and development of E. secundum will allow the improvement of "in vitro" reproduction of this valuable orchid and might be tested in other endangered species for conservation and reproduction purposes.
Corrigendum to “Full-Endoscopic versus Minimally Invasive Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Lumbar Degenerative Diseases : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” by Son et al. (J Korean Neurosurg Soc 65 : 539-548, 2022)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This correction is being published to correct the use of the term "Endo-LIF" as an abbreviation for full-endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion due to its similarity to a
Progress in Insect Cell Culture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

With life sciences developing rapidly,cell engineering need to pay particular attention,insect cell culture have become important tools in biological research area,it has been widely used for the studies of physic,agriculture and biology.The progress in insect cell culture was overviewed in this paper including the research of insect cell culture medium,establishment of insect cell lines,bioreactor,insect cell-baculovirus expression system,and construction of transfected gene cell lines,the application prospect and future development of insect cell culture were also discussed.
3D Visual Activity Assessment Based on Natural Scene Statistics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the most challenging ongoing issues in the field of 3D visual research is how to perceptually quantify object and surface visualizations that are displayed within a virtual 3D space between a human eye and 3D display. To seek an effective method of quantification, it is necessary to measure various elements related to the perception of 3D objects at different depths. We propose a new framework for quantifying 3D visual information that we call 3D visual activity (3DVA), which utilizes natural scene statistics measured over 3D visual coordinates. We account for important aspects of 3D perception by carrying out a 3D coordinate transform reflecting the nonuniform sampling resolution of the eye and the process of stereoscopic fusion. The 3DVA utilizes the empirical distortions of wavelet coefficients to a parametric generalized Gaussian probability distribution model and a set of 3D perceptual weights. We conducted a series of simulations that demonstrate the effectiveness of the 3DVA for quantifying the statistical dynamics of visual 3D space with respect to disparity, motion, texture, and color. A successful example application is also provided, whereby 3DVA is applied to the problem of predicting visual fatigue experienced when viewing 3D displays.
New challenges in Transatlantic relations: climate change and multi-level governance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Texas A&M University organizes the Summer European Academy, a Faculty-led summer study abroad program focusing on EU and European political, economic and security affairs with programs in Passau, Warsaw, Brussels, and Paris. The Robert Schuman Foundation represents the main partner for the Summer European Academy program in France. For the second year in a row, I was invited to present my publications on transatlantic relations and international climate politics at the Robert Schuman Foundation to students and professors from Texas A&M University, as well as researchers from French and European think tanks. We engaged in extensive discussion and debate about the potential for climate change to reinforce the transatlantic dialogue under a multi-actor, multi-level approach that begins at the local level. The national level, while important, can be bypassed through cooperation between cities and regions on both sides of the Atlantic. How these entities interact and implement their commitments to the Paris Agreement, through non-formal mechanisms such as ‘parallel pledges’, provides an innovative framework for more robust transatlantic cooperation.
An NIR-Fluorophore-Based Theranostic for Selective Initiation of Tumor Pyroptosis-Induced Immunotherapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that can effectively eliminate malignant cells and boost anticancer immunity. However, most of the current pyroptosis inducers lack cell selectivity, which may cause severe side effects for cancer therapy. In this work, for the first time, we discovered that the commonly used near-infrared (NIR) fluorogenic hemicyanine (CyNH2) induces pyrolysis to kill cancer cells and boost antitumor immunity. Cancer cells overexpressing the NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase isozyme 1 (NQO1)-responsive theranostic (NCyNH2) were designed for selective cell pyroptosis and were nonfluorescent with low toxicity before activation. In the presence of NQO1, the fluorescence of CyNH2 was restored and could selectively initiate pyroptosis of cancer cells and further lead to systemic antitumor immunity activation for solid tumor therapy. Thus, this fluorogenic NIR dye may represent a novel theranostic agent for the selective initiation of tumor pyroptosis.
Postmenopausal hypertension: role of 20-HETE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Blood pressure (BP) increases after menopause. However, the mechanisms responsible have not been elucidated. In this study we tested the hypothesis that 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (20-HETE), produced by cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) ω-hydroxylase, contributes to the hypertension in a model of postmenopausal hypertension, aged female spontaneously hypertensive rats (PMR). 1-Aminobenzotriazole, a nonselective inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism, for 7 days, reduced BP in PMR but had no effect in young females. Acute intravenous infusion of HET-0016, a specific inhibitor of 20-HETE, over 3 h, also reduced BP in PMR. CYP4A isoform mRNA expression showed no difference in renal CYP4A1 or CYP4A3 but increases in CYP4A2 and decreases in CYP4A8. CYP4A protein expression was decreased in kidney of PMR compared with young females. Endogenous 20-HETE was significantly higher in cerebral vessels of PMR than young females (YF) but was significantly lower in renal vessels of PMR. Omega-hydroxylase activity in cerebral vessels was also higher in PMR but was similar in kidney vessels in both groups. In renal microsomal preparations, endogenous 20-HETE was not different in PMR and young females, but ω-hydroxylase activity was significantly lower in PMR than YF. The data with blockers suggest that 20-HETE contributes to postmenopausal hypertension in SHR. The data also suggest that cerebral production of 20-HETE may be increased and renal tubular production may be decreased in PMR, thus both contributing to their elevated BP.
Relationships between cortical bone properties and head wave ultrasonic velocity at 1 MHz: An in vitro investigation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The axial transmission technique provides a measurement of the velocity (SOS) of elastic waves propagating along the surface of cortical bone. Currently, SOS is derived from the time of flight of the first arriving signal. Our goal was to investigate the relationship between SOS and several bone properties that independently contribute to bone strength. One-MHz SOS measurements were performed with a proprietary probe on 41 excised human radius with soft tissue removed. Small pieces of cortical bone were removed from the site of ultrasonic testing to be investigated using synchrotron radiation microtomography (resolution 10 μm). Cortical thickness, cortical porosity, and tissue mineralization were derived from the 3-D data set. Mean SOS values were 3940 (3796–4120) m&lt;th&gt;s−1. The reproducibility of the SOS measurements expressed as a variation coefficient (CV) was 0.5%. The relationships between SOS and bone properties were assessed using linear regression and displayed significant correlations : R2=0.20 (p&lt;10−5) for cortical thickness, R2=0.30 (p&lt;10−3) for cortical porosity, R2=0.37 (p&lt;10−4) for tissue mineralization. A multiple regression analysis showed that cortical porosity and tissue mineralization in the periosteal region were the most predictive variables and explained 60% of the total variance of the SOS. These results are in agreement with predictions obtained using 3-D numerical computations based on a finite-difference method.
Ecophysiological responses of Araucaria angustifolia seedlings to different irradiance levels.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Brazilian pine ( Araucaria angustifolia [Bert.] O.Ktze.) is an indigenous conifer of the southern region of South America, typically regarded as a sun-loving species. However, there is insufficient information on the species’ behaviour under different irradiances to characterise its plasticity to light. The purpose of this work was to measure some ecophysiological responses of Brazilian pine seedlings to three irradiance levels: 100, 45 and 10% full sunlight. Thirty seedlings were grown under each of the irradiance treatments and, after 5 months, growth parameters, leaf chlorophyll concentration and in vivo nitrate reductase activity, in both leaves and roots, were analysed. There was no increase in shoot biomass allocation in response to shading, in contrast to results from other experiments. Only low-light seedlings showed significant increase in specific leaf area, as well as in the ratio of height to shoot biomass. Chlorophyll content and the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b did not vary among treatments. Nitrate reductase activity was detected only in roots and was reduced in the low-light treatment. An overall analysis of the results points to a normal growth of Brazilian pine seedlings at both high- and medium-light sites, at least in their initial stages of development.
Sound designing classical guitars through metamaterials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An approach is presented to alter the sound of a classical guitar using a metamaterial structure. By adding additional masses using magnets in a row between the bridge and the soundhole, a bandgap of around 300 Hz appears. Alternation of magnet masses and placement determine the location and strength of the bandgap. A similar approach was presented with a frame drum [R. Bader, J. L. Fischer, M. Münster, and P. Kontopidis, “Metamaterials in musical acoustics: A modified frame drum,” JASA 145(5), 3086–3094 (2019)]. There, the lower and upper limits of the bandgap are caused by the relations between the frequency wavelength and the magnet distances. With the guitar, the bandgap is caused by a shifting and attenuation of modes. Interestingly, the added masses cause a decrease in the guitar top plate mode frequencies, which is similar to membrane behavior and contrary to the expectancy of a plate. Such a guitar sound is unique due to the strong bandgap and cannot be achieved with typical alternations of changed fan bracing or top plate thickness. Magnets can easily be applied by guitarists within minutes and, therefore, qualify as a guitar sound design chosen by players.
Data from Brief Report: Combination of Osimertinib and Dacomitinib to Mitigate Primary and Acquired Resistance in <i>EGFR</i>-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>Primary and acquired resistance to osimertinib remain significant challenges for patients with <i>EGFR</i>-mutant lung cancers. Acquired <i>EGFR</i> alterations such as <i>EGFR</i> T790M or C797S mediate resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and combination therapy with dual EGFR TKIs may prevent or reverse on-target resistance.</p>Patients and Methods:<p>We conducted two prospective, phase I/II trials assessing combination osimertinib and dacomitinib to address on-target resistance in the primary and acquired resistance settings. In the initial therapy study, patients received dacomitinib and osimertinib in combination as initial therapy. In the acquired resistance trial, dacomitinib with or without osimertinib was administered to patients with <i>EGFR-</i>mutant lung cancers with disease progression on osimertinib alone and evidence of an acquired <i>EGFR</i> second-site mutation.</p>Results:<p>Cutaneous toxicities occurred in 93% (any grade) of patients and diarrhea in 72% (any grade) with the combination. As initial therapy, the overall response to the combination was 73% [95% confidence interval (CI), 50%–88%]. No acquired secondary alterations in <i>EGFR</i> were observed in any patients at progression. In the acquired resistance setting, the overall response was 14% (95% CI, 1%–58%).</p>Conclusions:<p>We observed no acquired secondary EGFR alterations with dual inhibition of EGFR as up-front treatment, but this regimen was associated with greater toxicity. The combination was not effective in reversing acquired resistance after development of a second-site acquired EGFR alteration. Our study highlights the need to develop better strategies to address on-target resistance in patients with <i>EGFR</i>-mutant lung cancers.</p></div>
The physiological basis for seedling vigor in #Oryza glaberrima#, #O. sativa# and their interspecific progenies [Abstract]

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A recent breakthrough in inter-specific hybridization between African indigenous rice, O. glaberrima, and Asian rice, O. sativa, has helped developing highly weed competitive upland rice cultivars with a yield potential greater than that of the currently cultivated improved and traditional rices in West Africa. Tradeoffs between weed competitiveness and yield potential were reduced by selecting for dynamic plant types that resemble the weed competitive O. glaberrima parents during the vegetative growth phase, and the O. sativa parents during the reproductive phase. Field trials during 1995 and 1996 showed that O. glaberrima cultivars, such as CG14 and IG10, produce between two and three times the leaf area of improved O. sativa japonica upland rices, such as WAB56-104 or IDSA 6, under both high and low input conditions. Ground cover was also achieved significantly earlier in O. glaberrima than in O. sativa cultivars, mainly owing to a higher specific leaf area (SLA; area produced per dry wt), which permitted the production of more leaf area with a given amount of assimilate. Detailed growth analyses were conducted during the early vegetative stage on potted plants in the screenhouse. CG14 (O. glaberrima) had higher leaf appearance rates (phyllochron) and tillering rates than WAB 56-104 (0. sativa), but similar extension rates and shorter growth durations for individual leaves. The greater overall leaf area CG14 was therefore due to a rapid multiplication of the number of leaves through tillering and the phyllochron, and not to growth characteristics of individual leaves. The greater SLA of CG14 resulted in significantly lower photosynthetic rates at the leaf level, but this was more than compensated by gains in light interception during vegetative growth. The new weed competitive, interspecific genotypes are characterized by high seedling vigor, resulting from (i) high specific leaf area (SLA), (ii) a high light extinction coefficient (Kdf), and (iii) increased partitioning of assimilates to leaf blades, and possibly, to roots. New varietal screening tools for weed competitiveness are presented. (Texte intégral)
Development, reproduction and life table parameters of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on five main host plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), is a destructive pest on a wide range of economic crops in many parts of the world. In this research, demographic parameters of H. armigera were determined on five host plant species including cowpea (cv. Mashhad), navy bean (cv. Dehghan), chickpea (cv. Hashem), soybean (cv. 033) and corn (cv. Single cross 704). All experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16: 8 (L: D) h. The results revealed that females and males had the shortest development time on chickpea (36.16 and 34.98 d, respectively) and the longest development time on corn (42.00 and 42.95 d, respectively). The highest daily and total fecundity of H. armigera were observed on cowpea and the lowest ones were on corn. The values of the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) on the above-mentioned host plants were 0.180, 0.144, 0.161, 0.161 and 0.126 day-1, respectively. Also, the values of the net reproductive rate (R0) were 365.66, 294.28, 365.67, 239.69 and 147.40 female offspring, respectively. The longest mean generation time (T) (37.90 ± 0.26 d) and doubling time (DT) (5.62 ± 0.17 d) were observed on corn. Our findings revealed that cowpea and corn were the most susceptible and resistant host plants to H. armigera, respectively.
Meaning, authority, rationality and care as MARCs of sustainable organisations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of the article is to present MARC, a model for assessing – and improving – the health of organisations from a humanistic point of view. Design/methodology/approach The model has been developed in an organisational development clinical research tradition. The validity of the model rests on logical reasoning grounded in organisational and salutogenic research, and on it appearing useful to clients and members in organisations where it has been employed. Findings When using the MARC model to structure analyses and facilitate discussions in organisations that have sought aid, the model has helped reveal major sources of imbalance between its four aspects: meaning, authority, rationality and care. A major survey revealed no statistically significant differences between men and women. This indicates that the MARC concepts are general rather than gender‐specific. The results also contradicted the often stated notion that men emphasise “hard” aspects (A and R) while women emphasise “soft” ones (M and C). Originality/value The paper demonstrates that support for the importance of each of the four aspects – meaning, authority, rationality and care – as perspectives in analysing and understanding organisations can be found in the organisational research literature. The authors' contribution is to argue the case that they represent four important human needs that need to be attended to in balance in an organisation if cooperation between the individuals in the organisation is to be sustainable from a human‐centred perspective. MARC is designed to help visualise and focus this balance.
Festival Tourism of Folk Group Dancers from Selected Countries of the World

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Introduction. Artistic trips and tourism are inseparable parts of the activity of folk groups associated in CIOFF® . Folk festivals organised around the world give folk groups a chance to learn about traditions and customs and to come into close contact with indigenous people. The correlation between tourism and activity of folk groups is visible mainly with regard to selected forms of cognitive tourism. The aim of the work was to present the destinations and frequency of artistic trips of CIOFF® folk groups from selected countries of the world. Trips to dance festivals abroad and their connection with heritage tourism were analysed. Material and methods . The study with the use of a diagnostic poll including a questionnaire, interview and document analysis was carried out in July and August 2010. 243 dancers and 16 instructorschoreographers of dance groups from 12 randomly selected countries of the world participated in the study. Results and conclusions . Folk festivals under the auspices of CIOFF® are organised on all the continents. Artistic trips of folk groups from 12 selected countries were most frequently organised on the “old continent”. A small percentage of dancers from European countries had an opportunity to participate in festivals outside Europe. Artistic trips of the groups were connected with heritage tourism, while travelling became one of the reasons for participating in folk dance classes.
www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Article Diverse Land Use and the Impact on (Irrigation) Water Quality and Need for Measures — A Case Study of a Norwegian River

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: Surface water is used for irrigation of food plants all over the World. Such water can be of variable hygienic quality, and can be contaminated from many different sources. The association of contaminated irrigation water with contamination of fresh produce is well established, and many outbreaks of foodborne disease associated with fresh produce consumption have been reported. The objective of the present study was to summarize the data on fecal indicators and selected bacterial pathogens to assess the level of fecal contamination of a Norwegian river used for irrigation in an area which has a high production level of various types of food commodities. Sources for fecal pollution of the river were identified. Measures implemented to reduce discharges from the wastewater sector and agriculture, and potential measures identified for future implementation are presented and discussed in relation to potential benefits and costs. It is important that the users of the water, independent of intended use, are aware of the hygienic quality and the potential interventions that may be applied. Our results suggest that contamination of surface water is a complex web of many factors and that several measures and