jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mark 13: eschatological expectation and the Jewish War

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the history of New Testament interpretation in the last one hundred years, Mark 13 is one of the most carefully ploughed and reploughed fields. The farming implements have varied, the seasons have changed and the results have been correspondingly diverse. It has always seemed that if only the right methodology could be applied, the secrets of this chapter might be unlocked. There is at present an unprecedented variety of methodologies being applied to this material, ranging from the recent redaction-critical studies of J. Gnilka and R. Pesch, through the religio-historical analysis of E. Brandenburger, the socio-political analyses of H. C. Kee, W. Kelber, F. Belo, C. Myers and H. C. Waetjen, to the various literary approaches of N. R. Petersen, B. L. Mack, and M. A. Tolbert, to list only a few. Given such a variety of available approaches, it is crucial for this study that the methodologies applied and the order in which they are applied are both well-suited to the purpose of the study and self-critical.
The effects of marginal zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation on diabetes and the immune system in Zucker diabetic fatty rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Many of the symptoms of zinc deficiency and diabetes are the same, and are related to increased inflammation. Zinc supplementation may improve immunity and glycemic control, and reduce inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine if marginal zinc deficiency (MZD) worsens and zinc supplementation (ZS) improves diabetes and immune parameters in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Male ZDF rats were fed MZD (4 mg Zn/kg diet), zinc control ([ZC], 30 mg Zn/kg diet), or ZS (300 mg Zn/kg diet) diet, and lean ZDF rats fed ZC diet for 8 weeks. Parameters of diabetes, inflammation, and immune cell proportions and function were assessed. Results showed that MZD may exacerbate diabetes but had little effect on the immune parameters, while ZS had little effect on diabetes but may worsen immune function. Overall, it is the balance between zinc deficiency and toxicity that is necessary for optimal health improvements.
Family Matters: An Examination of the Association between Family Structure and Youth Injury

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among Canadian youth. In order to develop successful prevention strategies for this major public health problem, it is necessary to determine injury risk factors. Despite reasons to believe that family structure (parentsâ marital and living arrangements) may be associated with youth injury, this link has been largely overlooked in injury research. The objectives of this thesis were to determine whether family structure was associated with youth injury in a manner described by theory, after considering alternative explanations for the observed association and to explore how engaging in high risk behaviour mediated the impact of family structure on youth injury. The association was explored using cross-sectional and longitudinal data. This study was based on a representative, cross-sectional World Health Organization, Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (2006) survey of 9, 068 Canadian students, aged 11â15 years, from 186 schools. A sub-sample of 1, 885 Ontario students surveyed in 2006 and again in 2007 comprised the longitudinal sample. The associations were assessed using generalized estimating equations with classroom clusters and Poisson distribution, adjusting for identified potential confounders and examining mediation by high-risk behaviours. \nThere were three main findings: 1) Family structure was associated with medically treated injury in females, after accounting for confounding. Results showed that females from non-intact families had slightly increased risk of any injury than those from intact families (PR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.04-1.19). However, they had a greater risk of non-sports (PR=1.30; 95% CI: 1.16-1.77) and severe, non-sports (PR=1.46; 95% CI: 1.12-1.91) injury. 2) Only a small portion of the association between family structure and injury was explained by engaging in high risk behaviour. 3) There was an inconsistent relationship between family structure and male non-sports injury (Canadian cross-sectional, PR=1.05; 95% CI: 0.94-1.16; Ontario longitudinal, PR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.20-2.07). The findings of this thesis call attention to the importance of non-intact family structures as a risk factor for youth injury. More research is needed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms through which family structure influences youths' risk of injury in order to guide policy development.
ANMC depot, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 1918

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

“ANMC ground.” Landscape view of long thatched huts in front of large palm trees. The African Native Medical Corps (ANMC) arrived in Dar es Salaam in July 1917 and the, mainly Ugandan, orderlies worked with the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) during the East African Campaign. ❧ The image is from an album chronicling the war time experiences of Archibald Clive Irvine (1893-1974) in German East Africa and Portuguese East Africa with the Royal Army Medical Corps. During this time he would meet Dr John W Arthur which in turn would lead to his missionary work at Chogoria in Kenya.
Multi-user file-sharing systems based on LWE

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multi-user file-sharing plays an important role in the cloud storage. It allows different users to share files via the cloud. However, it usually faces many security issues because the cloud is usually public and semi-trusted. To overcome these issues, we propose multi-user file-sharing systems (MFS) in this paper. According to the date sources, we propose two frameworks of MFS based on the framework of proxy re-encryption (PRE), unique source (uni-source) MFS and multi-source MFS. We formalize the security models, which contain ciphertext security, secret key security and master secret security. With the frameworks, we propose two secure and efficient MFS schemes based on LWE, the uni-source MFS UM and the multi-source MFS MM. We prove that UM is secret key and ciphertext security, and MM is secret key, master secret and ciphertext security with the hardness assumptions of LWE and SIS. Furtherly, we prove they have some useful properties, such as non-interactive and anonymous.
Acoustics in physical education settings: the learning roadblock

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background: The audibility of teachers and peers is an essential factor in determining the academic performance of school children. However, acoustic conditions in most classrooms are less than optimal and have been viewed as 'hostile listening environments' that undermine the learning of children in school. While research has shown that typical classrooms may be acoustically challenging, the acoustic conditions in physical education settings are without a doubt more challenging than in the typical classroom. To date, researchers in physical education have sparingly focused on the way acoustics affect physical education settings. Aims: The focus of this research effort was to measure noise levels in elementary-, middle- and high-school physical education settings and compare them to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) guidelines (30 dBA) and American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards (40 dBA). Documentation of these ambient noise levels may give greater understanding to the effect of background noise on student learning in physical education. Methods: Acoustic environments were measured in indoor and outdoor settings in 12 elementary, 4 middle, and 6 high schools in northwest Florida. Nine outdoor, seven gymnasium, and six covered area settings were evaluated. Ambient noise levels were recorded for each unoccupied physical education setting. A sound decibel digital meter which met American National Standard Specification for Sound Level Meters set on the 'A'-weighted scale and on slow response was used to record the noise levels for each setting. Two-tailed t-tests were used for comparison of the overall mean noise levels in outdoor, gymnasium, and covered physical education settings to the standards established by ANSI and ASHA. Results: The findings showed that all of the settings were significantly (p < .05) higher than the established standards and only 1 of the 22 physical education settings studied had background noise levels at or below 40 dBA. These results also indicate that the physical education settings investigated exhibit ambient noise levels at 10–15 dB higher than recommended levels. Conclusions: In light of the acoustics standards and prior research, these results are discouraging if not alarming. These results also suggest that the background noise in physical education settings is likely detrimental to student learning. These findings indicate an immediate need for administrators to support future research and determine the most appropriate, cost-effective procedures to reduce noise in existing physical education settings. Strategies for reducing high noise levels in physical education settings include sound amplification devices, acoustical modifications, and future construction strategies. Keywords: acousticssoundnoisephysical education
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 4 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Iris ×germanica L.", "Country is China", "Year is greater than or equal to 1900", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 4 records from 2 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0085498-240321170329656/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Effect on nitrate concentration in stream water of agricultural practices in small catchments in Brittany: I. Annual nitrogen budgets

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The hydrological and biogeochemical monitoring of catchments has become a common approach for studying the effect of the evolution of agricultural practices on water resources. In numerous studies, the catchment is used as a "mega-lysimeter" to calculate annual input-output budgets. However, the literature reflects two opposite interpretations of the trends of nitrate concentration in streamwater. For some authors, essentially in applied studies, the mean residence time of leached nitrate in shallow groundwater systems is much less than one year and river loads reflect annual land use while for others, nitrate is essentially transport limited, independent of soil nitrate supply in the short term and annual variations reflect changes in climatic conditions. This study tests the effect of agricultural land-use changes on inter-annual nitrate trends on stream water of six small adjacent catchments from 0.10 to 0.57 km2 in area, on granite bedrock, at Kerbernez, in Western Brittany (France). Nitrate concentrations and loads in streamwater have been monitored for nine years (1992 to 2000) at the outlet of the catchments. An extensive survey of agricultural practices from 1993 to 1999 allowed assessment of the nitrogen available for leaching through nitrogen budgets. For such small catchments, year-to-year variations of nitrate leaching can be very important, even when considering the 'memory effect' of soil, while nitrate concentrations in streamwater appear relatively steady. No correlation was found between the calculated mean nitrate concentration of drainage water and the mean annual concentration in streams, which can even exhibit opposite trends in inter-annual variations. The climatic conditions do not affect the mean concentration in streamwater significantly. These results suggest that groundwater plays an important role in the control of streamwater nitrate concentration. Keywords: nitrate, diffuse pollution, agricultural catchment, nitrogen budget, leaching, Kerbernez catchments
Korea's Use of 'Smart power': An Overview of Historical Development in the 'Late Industrialisation' Countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to analyse the historical process of Korea to escape from the socio-economic backwardness, whereas other late industrialised countries are still in the process of development. The wise use of Korea’s ‘hard’ and ‘soft power’ synthesis gives birth to the new mode of power known as the ‘Smart Power,’ which plays the vital role in escaping Korea from ‘backwardness’. Korea not only stops at the phase of the ‘developed States’ in the field of late industrialization, but also creates the advanced State in the ‘techno-scientific’ field in the 21st Century. The literature or analysis of this issue tends to focus on the Statist perspective from International Political Economy and Post Colonialism ideas of cultural imperialism. State’s strong engagement in the market and the leadership ability to hegemon in the domestic politics basically leads to the development; whereas other late industrialisation states are unable to catch up because of their policies and weaknesses. However, it clearly ignores that it was not only the State enforcement but ‘power’ was used alternatively in the process of development i.e., the use of ‘smart power’.
The Determination Time of the Carpel Whorl Is Differentially Sensitive to Carbohydrate Supply in Pharbitis nil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A shoot apical meristem is florally determined if, following its removal from an induced plant, it flowers when cultured in non-inductive conditions. Determination times were measured in the short-day plant Pharbitis nil to examine whether floral whorls are determined simultaneously or sequentially. Shoot apices were excised at daily intervals following a 48-h dark-inductive treatment, cultured in non-inductive conditions for 4 weeks in continuous light, and the number of floral organs scored. The culture medium was White's supplemented with sucrose, glucose (Glc), fructose (Fru), or 1:1 Glc:Fru at 2% (w/v), 4% (w/v), or 6% (w/v) or sugar-mannitol combinations of osmotic potentials equivalent to 4% (w/v) or 6% (w/v). The minimum whorl determination time was 1 d for sepals, petals, and stamens regardless of carbon supply. However, for carpels it varied remarkably from 5 d on sucrose, to 2 to 3 d on Fru or Glc:Fru, to 1 d for 2% (w/v) and 6% (w/v) Glc. Therefore, depending on the carbon supply, the carpel whorl was determined at the same time or after the outer whorls. Generally, these effects could not be reproduced on the sugar-mannitol treatments.
The cost of the Government's reforms of the financing of higher education - an update

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

1. This update sets out the information that has become available since our last report on the cost of the Government's reforms (Thompson et al, 2012) and considers some of the criticisms made of that report. By far the biggest change has been the announcement on 5 December by the Chancellor of the Exchequer that Government was to ‘abolish the cap on student numbers altogether’. Our first thoughts on this radical development are set out under the final heading ‐ ‘The Autumn Statement’. The other headings follow directly from our 2012 report, making four in all. They are:
Voices from the village: A multi-voiced relational perspective of character development in leadership learning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article builds on previous work that has investigated character development within leadership learning. We take up the analogy of developing character through ‘being in a village’. We do so by gaining unique access to leadership learning within a Norwegian military academy (the village). We take a Bakhtinian perspective in analysing the data, and by doing so, we uncover multiple and competing voices that situate themselves within and across character dimensions. We contribute to the learning and development literature by showing how character dimensions are narratively constructed from differing perspectives within context. Hence, they must be considered in relational terms in any attempt to develop character and/or leadership. We show that character development is not dependent on explicit character frameworks but perhaps the role of the social dynamics in a community (village). We also uncover some of the interrelated, intertwined and competing voices that make up character in this given context which points to the way these character dimensions are ‘lived’, ‘rehearsed’ and ‘re-rehearsed’ in any context or setting. We go on to make recommendations for further research and practice.
BotsTalk: Machine-sourced Framework for Automatic Curation of Large-scale Multi-skill Dialogue Datasets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To build open-domain chatbots that are able to use diverse communicative skills, we propose a novel framework BotsTalk, where multiple agents grounded to the specific target skills participate in a conversation to automatically annotate multi-skill dialogues. We further present Blended Skill BotsTalk (BSBT), a large-scale multi-skill dialogue dataset comprising 300K conversations. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that our dataset can be effective for multi-skill dialogue systems which require an understanding of skill blending as well as skill grounding. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/convei-lab/BotsTalk.
Examining the Impact of ABRACADABRA on Early Literacy in Northern Australia: An Implementation Fidelity Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To address students’ poor literacy outcomes, an intervention using a computer-based literacy tool, ABRACADABRA, was implemented in 6 Northern Australia primary schools. A pretest, posttest parallel group, single blind multisite randomized controlled trial was conducted with 308 students between the ages of 4 and 8 years old (M age = 5.8 years, SD = 0.8 years). Findings suggested that computer-based instruction under controlled conditions can improve student literacy, especially for Indigenous students at risk of reading difficulties. The authors examine the fidelity with which the computer-based literacy tool was implemented and the impact of implementation fidelity measures on student outcomes. Student exposure to and use of the literacy tool, and quality of instruction and lesson delivery, were analyzed for their influence on students’ literacy outcomes. Implementation fidelity measures accounted for between 1.8% and 15% of the variance of intervention students’ scores.
CXCL14 immunoreactivity is localized in pituitary GH‐producing cells and in median eminence somatostatin‐containing fibres of the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract This is the first study to examine the distribution of a chemokine CXCL14‐like peptide in the pituitary and hypothalamus of an avian species, the Japanese quail ( Coturnix japonica ). We employed immunohistochemical techniques using a specific anti‐human CXCL14 antibody. CXCL14‐immunoreactive cells were detected in the caudal lobe of the pars distalis. CXCL14‐immunoreactive puncta were densely distributed in the external layer and sparsely distributed in the internal layer of the median eminence. CXCL14 staining was absent after pre‐absorption of the antibody with recombinant human CXCL14. All CXCL14‐immunoreactive cells corresponded to growth hormone (GH)‐producing cells in the caudal lobe. In addition, the majority of CXCL14‐immunoreactive puncta in the median eminence corresponded to somatostatin‐containing fibres. CXCL14 secreted from GH‐producing cells and somatostatin‐containing fibres may act as an inhibitor of GH release via an autocrine mechanism and neuroendocrine signalling, respectively.
Determination of storage lipid and storage carbohydrate fluxes in single Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells using Synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Rarefaction of fossil resources has led to a search of renewable carbon sources. One strategy consists on the\ndevelopment of optimized yeast strains for lipid production used as alternative source of biodiesel. These\nbiotechnological approaches need the identification of key factors involved in the control of quantity and\nquality of storage lipids. Using genetic modification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, heterologous expression\nof structural lipid body plant proteins, we obtained cell population presenting storage lipid\noveraccumulation. In a same culture, we observed cell to cell heterogeneity in lipid content due to the use of\nan inducible expression system. Because of this particularity, this strain appears as a powerful tool to\nevaluate the dynamic of lipid storage and carbon fluxes by measuring the biochemical changes (composition\nin lipids and carbohydrates) on single cells using the Synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy.
The value and effectiveness of the Singapore gold circle for Singapore travel agencies : an investigation of customer perceptions.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research attempts to study the effectiveness and impact of the quality award, the Singapore Gold Circle, in enhancing the quality standards of local travel agencies from the customer's perspective. A customer survey was administered on 198 respondents who had visited a local travel agency to obtain their views on the performance of the agencies and also their expectations.
Supplementary Trade Benefits of Multi-Memberships in African Regional Trade Agreements

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Few papers have investigated the trade effects of multi-memberships of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), but none has done this in an Africa-wide manner. This paper investigates the supplementary trade effects of multi-memberships of RTAs after controlling for single-membership for all African RTAs. We use (1) overall number of RTAs by country pair; (2) dummies of number of RTAs; and (3) number of RTA memberships by countries within each RTA grouping, in a panel of 53 African countries from 1995 to 2014. The gravity models are estimated with the Eicker-White robust covariance Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) which is superior to previous ones. All the estimates concur that multi-memberships have significant additional intra-Africa trade benefits which increase with the number of memberships. The implication is that although RTAs enhance trade in Africa, it is only a second-best to a complete integration of the African continent. A complete dismantling of politically induced trade barriers and even inter-RTA boundaries within Africa will yield significant intra-Africa trade benefits. The results support the ongoing efforts in Africa in pursuing a “one Africa” vision. Such efforts have to transcend regional integration and pursue the ideal of an integrated Africa for the full trade benefits to be realized.