jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Time To Discharge and Its Predictors Among Admitted Patients in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital North-West Ethiopia, a Prospective Cohort Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Hospital long stay is a serious social and economic problem, leading to elevated medical expenses, increased workload, and financial burden. Patients’ discharge time was different in admitted patients in hospitals. In Ethiopia, there was limited evidence why the patients' length of stay is different in roughly the same condition. Objective This study aimed to determine a time to discharge and its predictors among admissions in Felege Hiwot Hospital in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020 G.C Methods Prospective cohort study was conducted among 812 systematically selected study participants. The data collected using standardized questionary was entered into EPI DATA and exported into STATA for analysis. Appropriate descriptive statistics were stated. Incidence density to estimate time to discharge, and life table and Kaplan Meier curve to determine the cumulative survival of patients in the wards were used. Cox proportional hazard (Weibull) model was used to examine predictors of discharge. Variables from bivariate analysis with p<0.25 were a candidate for the final model. Adjusted Hazard Ratio with their 95% CI at p<0.05 was used to predict discharge. Model fitness was checked. Results A total of 812 admitted patients participated in the study giving a total response rate of 95%. Fifty-five presents were females; the median age was 32. The total times at admission wards in medical were 1827and in surgical 2050 days. The incidence densities of discharge in medical and surgical wards were 361/1827 and 359/2050-person days respectively. The median time to discharge of all participant admission was four days. Predictors of discharge were age (AHR 1.04(95% CI 1,02-1.06)), family care (AHR .69(.51-.94)), admission source (AHR 2.07(1.39-2.90)), admission time (AHR .57(.49-.67)). Lab.-result delay (AHR .67(.55-.81)), radiological result delay (AHR .78 (.64-.95)), presence of comorbidity (AHR.50(.42-.60)), disease burden group (AHR 2.15(1.84-2.66)), specialty (AHR 0.66 (0.56-0.78)), nurse-to-patient ratio (AHR 1.95 (1.57-2.43)), and medication adherence (AHR 2.83(2.29-3.51). Conclusion Surgical admitted patients discharged in longer time than medical. It is important to emphasize good communication of respective specialties on the lab. and radiology result test waiting time and also teaching the benefit of medication adherence to the patients.
Family Relationships

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on the role of attachment theory and research in emerging adolescents' social cognitive development and relationships, particularly within the family context—especially parents and siblings. According to the theory of attachment, humans are characterized by a universal need to create and maintain a deep emotional relationship with their caregivers. The aim of the attachment system is the experimentation of security, which in turn acts as a regulator of the emotional experience. Over the past two decades, researchers have explored the connections between children's social cognitive development and family structure. However, the vast amount of research has revealed mixed findings regarding the relation between Theory of Mind (ToM) and children's family relationships including parents, siblings, and extended family. Moreover, few studies explore the links between ToM and family relations in middle childhood and emerging adolescence.
MRI-Based Radiomics to Differentiate between Benign and Malignant Parotid Tumors With External Validation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The differentiation between benign and malignant parotid lesions is crucial to defining the treatment plan, which highly depends on the tumor histology. We aimed to evaluate the role of MRI-based radiomics using both T2-weighted (T2-w) images and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) maps in the differentiation of parotid lesions, in order to develop predictive models with an external validation cohort. Materials and Methods A sample of 69 untreated parotid lesions was evaluated retrospectively, including 37 benign (of which 13 were Warthin’s tumors) and 32 malignant tumors. The patient population was divided into three groups: benign lesions (24 cases), Warthin’s lesions (13 cases), and malignant lesions (32 cases), which were compared in pairs. First- and second-order features were derived for each lesion. Margins and contrast enhancement patterns (CE) were qualitatively assessed. The model with the final feature set was achieved using the support vector machine binary classification algorithm. Results Models for discriminating between Warthin’s and malignant tumors, benign and Warthin’s tumors and benign and malignant tumors had an accuracy of 86.7%, 91.9% and 80.4%, respectively. After the feature selection process, four parameters for each model were used, including histogram-based features from ADC and T2-w images, shape-based features and types of margins and/or CE. Comparable accuracies were obtained after validation with the external cohort. Conclusions Radiomic analysis of ADC, T2-w images, and qualitative scores evaluating margins and CE allowed us to obtain good to excellent diagnostic accuracies in differentiating parotid lesions, which were confirmed with an external validation cohort.
Measurement of Service Quality and its Relationship with the Client's Satisfaction Through SERVQUAL Model in the Gas Company

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstarct: This paper examines the measurement of service quality on the basis of SERVQUAL model in Mashhad Gas Company and its relationship with the clients satisfaction. The group under study is all the clients of Mashhad Gas Company that use the gas services of these three regions. All stages of assessment of sample volume, has been done by statistical PASS software, version 2004. With respect to the goals of research and initial data concerning the research group, it shows that the correlation coefficient between service quality and satisfaction of; clients is 27/2 percent, with ninety five percent assurance, at least 141 people as the sample volume was estimated. After collecting the information, they were processed and after that the research assumptions were tested and by statistical methods and using the SPSS software, version 11/5 were analyzed. By using the gathered information, the assumptions under study were tested. The test results of the main assumption and related assumptions to it, shows that at the level of certainty 95 percent between service quality and the satisfaction of clients, there is a positive and significant relationship and also at the certainty level of 95 percent, there is a significant relationship between the constituent factors of SERVQUAL.
5613514 PAVING THE WAY FOR GENETIC MEDICINE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A REPORT ON THE FIRST GENETIC COUNSELLING PROGRAM IN THE REGION

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Genetic disorders, chiefly sickle cell disease (SCD), pose a significant public health and developmental challenge in the sub-Saharan African region and genetic counsellors have a unique role to play in addressing this critical challenge in the region. Paradoxically, as at 2021, there were no postgraduate training programmes in human genetics in West Africa. Thus, whereas there were thousands of registered Genetic Counsellors in North America, there were about 25 in Africa, all in South Africa. In January 2022, the West African Genetic Medicine Centre (WAGMC) of the University of Ghana (UG), West Africa, inaugurated the first genetic counselling program in the sub-region. The two-year full-time accredited program aims to provide cutting edge training in the science of genetics while fostering a strong foundation in counselling. Graduates from the 2-year program further undertake one-year internship to be licensed as genetic counsellors by the Ghana Psychology Council, which is the body responsible for ensuring ethical genetic counselling practice in Ghana. In Ghana, where about 14,000 babies are born with SCD every year and the incidence of other genetic disorders keep rising, it is the goal of current genetic and genomic initiatives in the region to better understand these conditions and help drive preventive and precision medicine. This requires the contributions of genetic counsellors. Therefore, the new MSc. Program in Genetic Counselling holds vast opportunities for the first cohort and all prospective students on the program, despite the anticipated challenges. These include limited genetic testing facilities as well as resources for integrating genetic counsellors into the clinical and public health systems of Ghana and other countries in the sub-region. References 1. Cikomola et al, Acta Clin Behg 2018; 1:6 2. Piel et al, PLoS Med 2013;10:7 3. Osafo et al, Kidney Int 2016; 90:2-5 4. Ormond et al, Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2018; 178:98-107
INVESTIGATING ENGLISH TEACHERS’ BELIEFS ABOUT AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS STUDENTS’ NEEDS : a case study at one of the vocational schools in bandung

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is a qualitative case study research aiming to find out: 1) English teachers’ beliefs about and attitudes towards students’ needs, and 2) factors influencing those beliefs and attitudes. The participants were three senior teachers and one substitute teacher at a vocational school in Bandung, Indonesia. The data were collected using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. It is revealed that the teachers have generally similar beliefs about the importance of English and the most important needs for students. However, they have different approaches to defining, identifying, and making practical decisions about students’ needs. There are also apparent differences in attitudes towards students’ needs between the senior teachers and the temporary teacher. As for the factors, internal factors such as experiences and observation are the main factors that shape the English teachers’ beliefs and attitudes, while the external factors such the 2013 curriculum does indeed have the impacts on the teachers’ decisions on teaching, but not necessarily on their prior beliefs. These findings imply that age and experiences may not necessarily lead to teachers from different age or experiences having different beliefs as well, as the investigated teachers have shown that they basically share mostly similar beliefs on multiple topics of students’ needs. However, age and experiences may lead to differences in making decisions, attitudes, or behaviors related to students’ needs. It is also shown that internal factors such as experiences can be more powerful than external factors in defining teachers’ beliefs, but external factors can be more powerful in dictating teachers’ actions and decisions, meaning that teachers’ beliefs may not always be in the same direction as their attitudes, behaviors, or actions. This can be seen from the differences in pedagogical decisions among the teachers, especially between the senior teachers and the temporary teacher. ;---
Premiers résultats de l'analyse pollinique des loess en Belgique

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Pollen analysis has been applied to three lœss profiles and has allowed us to recognize the Amersfoort, Brørup, Odderade and Paudorf interstadials. The pollen diagrams show also that during the cold phases of the Riss and the Würm glaciations, the lœssic substratums are colonized by a steppic vegetation in which the Gramineae dominate. Along river beds, fringing forests can persist and colonize the alluvial sediments. The study of pollen penetration through recent loamy soils allows us to conclude that pollen percolation is not possible in lœss, on account of its close texture.
Human Rotavirus Infection in Malaysia. II. A Study on the Influence of Living Standard on the Prevalence of Rotavirus-Associated Gastroenteritis in Children Hospitalized with Diarrhoea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The association between different living standards and the prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children admitted to the gastroenteritis ward of the Kuala Lumpur General Hospital was studied. Rota-virus gastroenteritis was determined by the detection of rotavirus in the faeces of the patients using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results of this survey indicated higher prevalence of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in children from lower socio-economic classes. The prevalence of the disease is higher in large families. Hygienic home circumstances reduced the risk of rotavirus diarrhoea but the source of water supply used for drinking and washing and methods of human excreta disposal seem not to be important factors in influencing the prevalence of the disease.
Abelian tropical covers

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Let $\mathfrak{A}$ be a finite abelian group. In this paper, we classify harmonic $\mathfrak{A}$ -covers of a tropical curve $\Gamma$ (which allow dilation along edges and at vertices) in terms of the cohomology group of a suitably defined sheaf on $\Gamma$ . We give a realisability criterion for harmonic $\mathfrak{A}$ -covers by patching local monodromy data in an extended homology group on $\Gamma$ . As an explicit example, we work out the case $\mathfrak{A}=\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$ and explain how realisability for such covers is related to the nowhere-zero flow problem from graph theory.
Effect of cellular interaction on glycolytic oscillations in yeast: a theoretical investigation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

On the basis of a detailed model of yeast glycolysis, the effect of intercellular coupling on the oscillatory dynamics is analysed theoretically. The model includes the main steps of anaerobic glycolysis, and the production of ethanol and glycerol. Transmembrane diffusion of acetaldehyde is included, since it has been hypothesized that this substance mediates the interaction. Depending on the kinetic parameters, the single-cell model shows both stationary and oscillatory behaviour. This agrees with experimental data with respect to metabolite concentrations and phase shifts. The inclusion of intercellular coupling leads to a variety of dynamical modes, such as synchronous oscillations, and different kinds of asynchronous behaviour. These oscillations can co-exist, leading to bi- and tri-rhythmicity. The corresponding parameter regions have been identified by a bifurcation analysis. The oscillatory dynamics of synchronized cell populations are investigated by calculating the phase responses to acetaldehyde pulses. Simulations are performed with respect to the synchronization of two subpopulations that are oscillating out of phase before mixing. The effect of the various processes on synchronization is characterized quantitatively. While continuous exchange of acetaldehyde might synchronize the oscillations for appropriate sets of parameter values, the calculated synchronization time is longer than that observed experimentally. It is concluded either that, in addition to the transmembrane exchange of acetaldehyde, other processes may contribute to intercellular coupling, or that intracellular regulatory feedback plays a role in the acceleration of the synchronization.
Parent–Adolescent Discrepancies in Perceived Parental Sacrifice and Adolescent Developmental Outcomes in Poor Chinese Families

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Parents and adolescents perceive family processes differently. This study examined how convergence and divergence of parent‐perceived and adolescent‐perceived parental sacrifice influenced adolescent developmental outcomes in a sample of 275 poor intact Chinese families in Hong Kong. The results of polynomial regression analyses indicated that the interaction of fathers’ and adolescents’ perceptions of paternal sacrifice negatively predicted adolescent resilience and cognitive competence. Similar findings were identified in maternal sacrifice. Cluster analysis further showed that adolescents exhibited greater resilience and cognitive competence in families with parent–adolescent convergent perceptions of high levels of parental sacrifice than did those in families with parent–adolescent divergent views. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Estimate of multiplicative and additive age adjustment factors for milk yield for the Mediterranean Italian Buffalo Breed

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was carried out to estimate multiplicative and additive age adjustment factors for milk yield for the Mediterranean Italian Buffalo Breed for a mature age base (55 months, parity 2) with a mixed model procedure. Fixed effects of age-parity classes and random effects of contemporary group, genetic and permanent environmental effects of cows were included in the model. Two data sets were formed: Data Set I consisted of 83,810 lactation records and was used to develop the age factors. Data Set II consisted of 115,242 lactation records and was used for validation of the age factors estimated from Data Set I. Additive and multiplicative factors followed the same trend within the three parities (parity 1, parity 2, and parity ≥ 3). Averages of milk yield by age class for Data Set II pre-adjusted with multiplicative and additive factors from Data Set I were similar and tended to follow a straight line as expected. However, multiplicative factors might be preferred to additive factors because they would be affected less by an increase of the average milk yield due to selection or management. Age factors were smoothed to reduce differences among factors for similar age-parity classes. The smoothed age factors showed only slight differences among averages for similar age-parity classes, which suggests that the smoothed age factors may be more appropriate than the original factors.
The Weaponization of Finance and Digitalization: A Cooperative Approach Between the EU and LAC

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Since the demise of the Gold Standard, the US dollar has stood as the sole global currency, empowering the United States with considerable foreign policy leverage. However, developments like economic dislocations, geopolitical tensions, and digitalization pose challenges that could lead to fragmentation in the global monetary system. The risk is forming economic blocs that establish parallel, non-complementary systems that impede the free flow of capital and money across borders. The potential rise of national Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) offers a new tool to reshape the international monetary architecture for settling cross-border transactions. This chapter proposes a cooperation exercise between the European Union (EU) and the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region to explore and develop interoperable CBDC systems. The EU and LAC share a common interest in collaborating to influence the architecture of the following international monetary system. The cooperative development of CBDC experiments presents an opportunity for the EU and LAC to shape the future of cross-border transactions and strengthen their positions in the evolving international financial order.
The Interplay between Emotion and Reason

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines Dewey's view of moral knowledge developed in Chapter 14 of the Ethics. I focus more specifically on the role played by sympathy in moral inquiry. While Dewey claims that sympathy is "the general principle of moral knowledge" as well as "the surest way to attain objectivity of moral knowledge," it has not been the object of any extensive discussion by commentators on Dewey's ethics. I emphasize the originality of Dewey's position by contrasting it with that of David Hume, Adam Smith, and John Stuart Mill, who all stressed the fundamental role of sympathy in making moral judgments. Accordingly, I examine their respective answers to the moral problem raised by natural sympathy: how can such a biased and partial psychological mechanism play a beneficial role in the formation of moral judgments, which specifically aim at impartiality and objectivity? I will argue that while Hume, Smith, and Mill choose to simply extend the scope of natural sympathy, Dewey argues in favor of a deeper transformation of natural sympathy: (1) the spontaneous emotional reaction becomes intentional perspective-taking; (2) it loses its function of direct approval or disapproval, and takes on an epistemic function of data-gathering subordinated to moral reasoning.
New paternity data from Reproductive inequality among males in the genus Pan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Reproductive inequality, or reproductive skew, drives natural selection, but has been difficult to assess, particularly for males in species with promiscuous mating and slow life histories, such as bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Although bonobos are often portrayed as more egalitarian than chimpanzees, genetic studies have found high male reproductive skew in bonobos. Here, we discuss mechanisms likely to affect male reproductive skew in Pan, then re-examine skew patterns using paternity data from published work and new data from the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve, Democratic Republic of Congo and Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Using the multinomial index (M), we found considerable overlap in skew between the species, but the highest skew occurred among bonobos. Additionally, for two of three bonobo communities, but no chimpanzee communities, the highest ranking male had greater siring success than predicted by priority-of-access. Thus, an expanded dataset covering a broader demographic range confirms that bonobos have high male reproductive skew. Detailed comparison of data from Pan highlights that reproductive skew models should consider male–male dynamics including the effect of between-group competition on incentives for reproductive concessions, but also female grouping patterns and factors related to male–female dynamics including the expression of female choice.This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolutionary ecology of inequality'.