jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Research on nonlinear response analysis of micro-cracks under vibro-acoustic modulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In view of the complex nonlinear interaction mechanism between acoustic waves and damage in vibration sound modulation technology, this paper derives the kinematic equilibrium equation for linear elastic materials with cracks undergoing infinitesimal deformation using structural mechanics theory. The weak form of the equation is derived by applying the principle of virtual work to calculate the virtual work due to nonlinear changes in crack spacing. This paper also explains the physical origin of high harmonic and sideband signals in the system displacement solution. In addition, a three-dimensional contact model of micro-cracks is constructed to describe the nonlinear effect of contact sound on the crack surface caused by relevant displacement fields. To verify the correctness of the model, two indicators, the modulation index and the damage index, are used to evaluate the simulation results. The results indicate that the interface contact under micro-crack opening and closing motions causes additional nonlinear frequencies and that the nonlinear response increases with excitation amplitude while being relatively sensitive to micron-level cracks. Finally, experimental research is conducted, which confirms the theoretical derivation, and the reliability of the model has been verified.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 6 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Pycnocoma reygaertii De Wild." ] } The dataset includes 6 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0093141-240321170329656/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Neurosyphilis in HIV-infected patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A review article is addressed the issue of the diagnosis and treatment of neurosyphilis that is developing against the background of HIV-infection. HIV-infected patients are at higher risk of neurologic, ocular and auricular manifestation of syphilis as well as treatment failures and relapses. Diagnosis of neurosyphilis in HIV-positive patients is complicated because both infections cause similar changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The effectiveness of neurosyphilis treatment in patients with HIV co-infection is difficult to estimate, since the normalization of their CSF goes slower comparing to HIV-negatives. The increase in incidence of syphilis and HIV co-infection is anticipated in the coming years. This necessitates a comprehensive study of the problem and requires the development of new approaches to neurosyphilis diagnosis and treatment in co-infected patients.
Experience gained with on-line partial discharge testing in power cable system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Over the last five years, DTE Engineering Technologies (USA), a subsidiary of DTE Energy has been involved in conducting online partial discharge (PD) testing on power cable systems operating at voltages from 5 to 138 kV. Online PD testing was performed on 7,500 km of both extruded and laminar power cables. This paper presents the experience gained from these tests.
ON THE QUESTION OF REDUCED MASS ARTICLES TECHNOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS IN AVIATION AND ROCKET-SPACE EQUIPMENT ACCESSED WITH DEGENERATIVE DESIGN

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper discusses the features of the design of structures with the use of generative design; the analysis of the software was carried out, taking into account the various industrial man-ufacturability of the design results; formulated technological recommendations for the blank production, as well as for the following ma-chining; for fixing workpieces of complex shape on the machine, it is proposed to use tooling with the use of magnetic fluids.
Biomechanical Analysis of the System “External Fixation Device – Bone” Behavior at the Stages of Tibial Diaphyseal Fracture Healing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Summary. The use of external fixation devices for the treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the tibia has become the standard. However, most external fixation device (EFD) modifications have insufficient stiffness. Therefore, there is a need to develop an EFD design that could provide early limb loading with an optimal range of interfragmentary motion. A related challenge lies in determining the strength of bone regeneration during fracture healing, which cannot be objectively assessed in a clinical setting. However, these values can be calculated using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Objective. The objective of our work was to study the biomechanical behavior of the proposed “External Fixation Device – Tibia” system at the stages of bone regeneration under the condition of its loading by body weight using the FEM. Material and Methods. A computer simulation was carried out, at the initial stage of which a semi-full-scale prototype of the “External Fixation Device – Tibia” bone fragments fixation system was developed. Based on it, the next step was to create solid 3D models of the tibia and the EFD using the SolidWorks software package (Dassault, France). The EFD design used in the work consisted of 4 semi-rings (160 mm), 9 connecting beams (150 mm), two through pins (5 mm), 2 spongiosis screws (5 mm), 2 cortical screws (5 mm), and 6 clamps. All the components of the EFD were made of AISI320 stainless steel. Results and Discussion. Simulation computer modeling of the fixation capabilities of the proposed EFD showed that its stiffness is sufficient to provide a controlled load on the damaged limb within 20-24% of body weight from the first days of formation of granulation cartilage regenerate. It should be noted that the supporting function of the fibula is restored within 5-6 weeks after its fusion and is approximately 17-30% of the body weight. Therefore, in general, a controlled load on the limb can reach 50% of the body weight after 6 weeks of treatment. Subsequently, when mature bone tissue is formed around the fracture (most often within 8-17 weeks), the load on the limb can reach 130% of the body weight, which ensures the patient’s movement without additional support. Conclusions. The performed computer simulation modeling makes it possible to determine the behavior of the biomechanical environment of the proposed “External Fixation Device – Bone” system and allows to establish the amouth of limb loading in the process of developing a scientifically based rehabilitation program to create optimal conditions for fracture healing. The proposed design of the EFD can be used for the final treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the tibia and provides for the possibility of early loading on the “External Fixation Device – Bone” system.
Rethinking working mothers in Singapore : empowerment in the family.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Twenty-four years had passed since Arlie Hochschild and Anne Machung published their book, “The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home” in 1989. This classical work has contributed much towards the rich literature on dual-career families, and offered interesting insights into the lives of these families, and especially, the role of women in this “stalled revolution”. Twenty-four years later, working mothers in Singapore still encounter a similar paradox to the women Hochschild interviewed as they attempt to reconcile work and family life. The main puzzle that fuels this research is the question regarding how gender ideologies of the Singaporean working mothers impact upon the meanings they place on the division of labour in the family and subsequently their sense of personal empowerment. This research uses a sample of ten middle class Singaporean working mothers to investigate the relationship between gender ideologies and empowerment. This research argues that empowerment should not be generalized for all women and should instead be examined together with gender ideologies.
An Analysis and Production Book of Joe Orton's What the Butler Saw

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis describes the directing of Joe Orton's What the Butler Saw for the 1976 North Texas State University Summer Repertory Theatre Company. Chapter I examines the problem of play choice and provides an analysis of the play selected. Chapter II describes the production situation at North Texas, the preparation of the playscript, the casting and staffing decisions, the technical direction, the rehearsal process, and the front of house activities. Chapter III is the production book itself, it includes the playscript, the blocking, and the light and sound cues. Chapter IV summarizes the project and offers recommendations as a guide to future graduate directors.
Reductionism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The term "reductionism" is used broadly for any claim that some range of phenomena can be fully assimilated to some other, apparently distinct range of phenomena. The logical positivist thesis that scientific truth could be fully analyzed into reports of immediate experience was a reductionistic thesis of great significance in the history of the philosophy of science (see logical positivism). In recent philosophy of science, "reductionism" is generally used more specifically to refer to the thesis that all scientific truth should ultimately be explicable, in principle at least, by appeal to fundamental laws governing the behavior of microphysical particles.
Intra-Laboratory Pre-Validation of a Human Cell Based in vitro Angiogenesis Assay for Testing Angiogenesis Modulators

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The developed standardized human cell based in vitro angiogenesis assay was intra-laboratory validated to verify that the method is reliable and relevant for routine testing of modulators of angiogenesis e.g. pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals. This assay is based on the earlier published method but it was improved and shown to be more sensitive and rapid than the previous assay. The performance of the assay was assessed by using 6 reference chemicals, which are widely used pharmaceuticals that inhibit angiogenesis: acetyl salicylic acid, erlotinib, 2-methoxyestradiol, levamisole, thalidomide, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. In the intra-laboratory validation, the sensitivity of the assay (upper and lower limits of detection and linearity of response in tubule formation), batch to batch variation in tubule formation between different Master cell bank batches, and precision as well as the reliability of the assay (reproducibility and repeatability) were tested. The pre-set acceptance criteria for the intra-laboratory validation study were met. The relevance of the assay in man was investigated by comparing the effects of reference chemicals and their concentrations to the published human data. The comparison showed a good concordance, which indicates that this human cell based angiogenesis model predicts well the effects in man and has the potential to be used to supplement and/or replace of animal tests.
Uni-GBSA: an open-source and web-based automatic workflow to perform MM/GB(PB)SA calculations for virtual screening

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Binding free energy calculation of a ligand to a protein receptor is a fundamental objective in drug discovery. Molecular mechanics/Generalized-Born (Poisson–Boltzmann) surface area (MM/GB(PB)SA) is one of the most popular methods for binding free energy calculations. It is more accurate than most scoring functions and more computationally efficient than alchemical free energy methods. Several open-source tools for performing MM/GB(PB)SA calculations have been developed, but they have limitations and high entry barriers to users. Here, we introduce Uni-GBSA, a user-friendly automatic workflow to perform MM/GB(PB)SA calculations, which can perform topology preparation, structure optimization, binding free energy calculation and parameter scanning for MM/GB(PB)SA calculations. It also offers a batch mode that evaluates thousands of molecules against one protein target in parallel for efficient application in virtual screening. The default parameters are selected after systematic testing on the PDBBind-2011 refined dataset. In our case studies, Uni-GBSA produced a satisfactory correlation with the experimental binding affinities and outperformed AutoDock Vina in molecular enrichment. Uni-GBSA is available as an open-source package at https://github.com/dptech-corp/Uni-GBSA. It can also be accessed for virtual screening from the Hermite web platform at https://hermite.dp.tech. A free Uni-GBSA web server of a lab version is available at https://labs.dp.tech/projects/uni-gbsa/. This increases user-friendliness because the web server frees users from package installations and provides users with validated workflows for input data and parameter settings, cloud computing resources for efficient job completions, a user-friendly interface and professional support and maintenance.
Financial incentives to promote citizen investment in low-carbon and resource-efficient assets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

If the ambitious objectives of the international community, as set out in the Paris Agreement of December 2015, are to be met, rapid decarbonisation is required over the coming decades, particularly in developed countries. Many industrialised countries are incentivising the uptake of low-carbon and resource efficient technologies such as waste-to-energy, wind, solar photovoltaic (PV), and biomass heating systems, which alone have the potential to make a very substantial contribution to global decarbonisation by 2050 (IEA, 2015). It is notable that these technologies are particularly attractive to local citizen investors who are acting individually, as a member of a community group or as party to a project by a professional developer (Enzensberger et al., 2003). This is because of their maturity, modularity, high reliability, the simplicity of the energy generation process and availability of technical service providers (Yildiz, 2014). These technologies, however, face a number of barriers when it comes to widespread deployment; this means that their full potential cannot not realised. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), policy must address these barriers to enable the full theoretical potential for mitigation to be realised. As illustrated in Figure 1.1, these barriers are not just technical and economic, but also relate to socio-economic, regulatory and institutional factors (IPCC-WGIII, 2001, p. 752). The focus of this report is on addressing two of the key barriers identified in the IPCC typology: financial barriers (and the consequent investment shortfall in low-carbon technologies (LCTs) (section 1.2)), and lack of social support among citizens for low-carbon transition (section 1.3). These barriers are discussed in turn, focusing on the potential for citizen investment to address them.
Exclusion process for particles of arbitrary extension: hydrodynamic limit and algebraic properties

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The behaviour of extended particles with exclusion interaction on a one-dimensional lattice is investigated. The basic model is called ℓ-ASEP as a generalization of the asymmetric exclusion process (ASEP) to particles of arbitrary length ℓ. Stationary and dynamical properties of the ℓ-ASEP with periodic boundary conditions are derived in the hydrodynamic limit from microscopic properties of the underlying stochastic many-body system. In particular, the hydrodynamic equation for the local density evolution and the time-dependent diffusion constant of a tracer particle are calculated. As a fundamental algebraic property of the symmetric exclusion process the SU(2) symmetry is generalized to the case of extended particles.
Impact of COVID-19 on rare diseases: Report of three cases of acute hepatic porphyria affected by the pandemic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Acute hepatic porphyrias are rare and potentially life threatening disorders of the heme biosynthesis. COVID-19 can affect patients with rare diseases in different ways as exemplified by three cases.Cases: A 54-year-old man with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP, diagnosed 2019) developed COVID-19. He developed abdominal pain and red urine, and was treated with hemin. Symptoms of the porphyria attack resolved quickly, but COVID-19 disease worsened. Supplementary oxygen, dexamethasone, and remdesivir was necessary. The patient recovered completely. A 54-year-old woman with AIP (diagnosed 1994) under long-term therapy with hemin (250 mg on two consecutive days every two weeks) was vaccinated with Cov-19-Vac (Moderna) but contracted COVID-19 two weeks later. She had a mild disease course without signs or symptoms of an acute porphyria attack. A 34-year-old woman presented to the emergency department four days after receiving the first dose of ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca) COVID-19 vaccine with fever (resolved after paracetamol), pinprick sensation in her chest and thoracic spine, and dizziness. The patient was initially suspected to have vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia and thrombosis, which was ruled out. The patient´s condition worsened with abdominal pain, red urine and hyponatremia, needing intensive care admission. Syndrome of inappropriate ADH synthesis (SIADH) was diagnosed. The red urine triggered porphyria biochemistry in urine and the patient was newly diagnosed with AIP. Treatment with hemin resulted in clinical remission. A ketogenic "low-carb" diet was the most likely trigger of this first AIP attack. Conclusion: Currently the focus of the medical community may be diverted to COVID-19 disease and associated medical problems, such as vaccine side effects. It is important to be vigilant and not to forget rare diseases during the pandemic. COVID-19 infection can trigger acute porphyria attacks, possibly because the virus can attack heme and hemoglobin metabolisms. Vaccination against COVID-19 may protect from severe disease course.
Modulation of Glucose Production by Central Insulin Requires IGF-1 Receptors in AgRP Neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Similar to insulin, central administration of insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) can suppress hepatic glucose production (HGP), but it is unclear if this effect is mediated via insulin receptors (InsRs) or IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1Rs) in the brain. To this end, we utilized pharmacologic and genetic approaches in combination with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps to decipher the role of these receptors in mediating central effects of IGF-1 and insulin on HGP. In rats, we observed that intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of IGF-1 or insulin markedly increased the glucose infusion rate (GIR) by >50% and suppressed HGP (<i>P</i><0.001). However, these effects were completely prevented by preemptive ICV infusion with an IGF-1R and InsR/IGF-1R Hybrid (HybridRs) blocking antibody.<a> Likewise, ICV infusion of the InsR antagonist, S961, which also can bind HybridRs, interfered with the ability of central insulin, but not IGF-1 to increase the GIR. </a>Furthermore, hyperinsulinemic clamps in mice lacking IGF-1Rs in AgRP neurons revealed ~30% reduction in the GIR in KO animals, which was explained by an impaired ability of peripheral insulin to completely suppress HGP (<i>P</i><0.05). Signaling studies further revealed an impaired ability of peripheral insulin to trigger ribosomal S6 phosphorylation or PIP3 production in AgRP neurons lacking IGF-1Rs. In summary, these data suggest that attenuation of IGF-1Rs signaling in the MBH, and specifically in AgRP neurons, can phenocopy impaired regulation of HGP as previously demonstrated in mice lacking InsRs in these cells, suggesting a previously unappreciated role for IGF-1Rs and/or HybridRs in the regulation of central insulin/IGF-1 signaling on glucose metabolism.
Interoception and pediatric occupational therapy practice: a protocol for a scoping review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Interoception is relatively new within pediatric occupational therapy practice. Interoception allows us to feel and interpret internal body sensations and is related to our ability to regulate emotions and behavior. It is associated with other functions including sensory processing, self-regulation and executive functioning, making it important for everyday participation in life activities. Pediatric occupational therapists are considering interoception as part of intervention but there is limited research to understand how and why occupational therapists use interoception in clinical practice. Objectives The aim of this protocol is to describe the methodology and analyses to be used to undertake a scoping review. Method This paper presents the protocol for a scoping review. A search of literature from ten electronic databases (Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Ovid PsycINFO, ERIC, Scopus, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, AMED, OTDBASE and Google Scholar), grey literature and article reference searching was conducted. Title and abstract screening was completed before full-text review. Selected articles met stringent inclusion criteria. The PRISMA-ScR Checklist was used alongside the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool to ensure robust data extraction and synthesis from selected studies. Results A total of 2449 articles were retrieved. Eighteen articles were included in the review. A narrative synthesis approach will be used to synthesise data. Conclusion Findings from this scoping review will inform future research related to interoception and pediatric occupational therapy practice to support clinicians to consider evidence to underpin practice.
ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL COMMUNITIES IN PASTURE AND TROPICAL RIPARIAN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN GUAJARÁ-MIRIM, RONDÔNIA, BRAZIL

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Understanding the dynamics of soil organisms in natural environments can be very useful for determining the quality of forest and agricultural ecosystems. This study aimed to assess arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities in pasture and regenerating riparian forest sites in Guajará-Mirim, Rondônia, Brazil. Ten soil samples were randomly collected from each ecosystem in three seasons (2018 dry and rainy seasons and 2019 dry season). AMF species richness, frequency, spore density, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, Simpson's dominance index, and ideal sample size were determined. Species richness varied among sites and seasons, with a tendency toward higher richness in pasture soil in the 2018 dry season. The dominant AMF species in both ecosystems were Glomus macrocarpum and Acaulospora mellea . The pasture site in the 2018 dry season had higher AMF diversity than the riparian forest in the 2018 rainy season and the 2019 dry season. The complete linkage distance between the pasture site in the 2019 dry season and all other sites/seasons was 100%. More than 10 soil samples are needed to accurately determine the richness of AMF species in pasture and riparian forest sites in Guajará-Mirim, Brazil.