jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ti-capping and heating ramp-rate effects on Ni-silicide film and interface

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The effects of oxygen in metal, Ti capping and heating ramp rate on Ni-silicide formation and Ni-silicide/Si interface have been studied. The oxygen in Ni film results in high resistivity of Ni-silicide film, poor thermal stability, and poor electrical interface. Ti-capped silicidation can scavenge oxygen onto the silicide surface and results in comparable low resistivity, high thermal stability Ni-silicide film as that formed by oxygen-free deposition. The temperature-dependent current-voltage measurement of the Ni-silicide Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) with and without Ti capping reveals that both contacts have strip-like inhomogeneity and the inhomogeneity is larger for the SBD without Ti capping. Different heating ramp rate in Ni-silicidation has almost no effect on Ni-silicide film itself. But the electrical quality of Ni-silicide/Si interface is significantly influenced by the ramp rate. High ramp-rate (24/spl deg/C) heating gives rise to a poor Ni-silicide/Si interface, compared to low ramp-rate (12/spl deg/C) heating.
Thermodynamic Properties and Order-Disorder Phase Transitions of the Potassium Cyanide Crystal

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The heat capacities of the potassium cyanide crystal have been measured over the temperature range from 13 to 310°K by using a low temperature adiabatic calorimeter. It has been found that there are two regions of anomalous heat capacity, with maxima at 82.9±0.2°K and 168.3±0.1°K respectively. The heats and entropies of transition have been evaluated by utilizing a ΘD-versus-temperature plot. The entropy of the lower transition amounts to about R ln 2, which means that the transition is due to the orientational order-disorder rearrangement of the cyanide ion with respect to its head and tail. A perfectly-ordered structure for the orientation of the cyanide ions has been suggested. A certain small anomaly in heat capacity has been found around 190°K, one which seems to be associated with some change in higher-order structural defects created by the upper transition phenomenon. The torsion-rotational heat capacity of the cyanide ions has been separated from the total on some reasonable assumptions. The results show that the cyanide ions below the lower transition point are subjected to torsional oscillation with the wave number of about 160 cm−1, a value which corresponds to the barrier height of 7.5 kcal. mol−1 based on a simple harmonic oscillator model. On the other hand, they are in a hindered rotational state with a barrier height of approximately 1.35 kcal. mol−1 in the cubic phase, the barrier height diminishing from 7.5 kcal. mol−1 gradually in a single phase or abruptly via the transition points. The thermodynamic functions for this crystal have been evaluated by integrating the heat capacity data. The values at 298.15°K are, in units of cal.mol−1deg−1: Cp°=15.84, S°=30.71, (H°–H°O)⁄T=13.94 and –(G°–H°O)⁄T=16.77 respectively.
Lost in the shadows: shedding light on forgotten ureteral stent syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Ureteral stents have been essential in urology for over four decades, yet the challenge of retained or forgotten stents persists. This syndrome occurs when a DJ stent remains beyond its recommended removal time, typically more than 2 weeks, leading to complications like migration, fragmentation, and encrustation. We present a case of a 50-year-old woman with a two-month history of right flank pain, burning urination, and intermittent fever. She had undergone right stent lithotripsy 3 years prior. Imaging revealed a fractured double J stent with significant renal and bladder stones, extensive ureteral encrustation, and a large retroperitoneal collection. The right kidney showed cortical thinning and gross hydronephrosis. Initial management included broad-spectrum antibiotics, a pigtail catheter, and percutaneous nephrostomy. In a second session, mechanical cystolithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy removed the bladder and renal calculi, and the fractured stent ends. The patient recovered uneventfully. Forgotten ureteral stents often require staged endoscopic interventions due to encrustation. Timely stent removal is critical and often overlooked due to inadequate counseling. Establishing a stent registry and an automated reminder system via a mobile app could help prevent these occurrences.
De staf van het Amerikaanse congres

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the introductory part of the article, a summary is given of some American : research data on the functioning of the U.S. Gongress. The most frequent role-orientation of the members of the House of Representatives is that of the ‘tribune’. The members most satisfied with the way in which Congress functions I are however those with the role-orientation of the ‘broker’. The problem mentioned most frequently by the respresentatives is lack of information. The main goals which the members of both houses try to reach by means of the expansion of the staff are: (1) strengthening or maintaining the influence of Congress on legislation and oversight of the administration; (2) better communication with the citizens; (3) more expert and more independent information for the members of Congress. i i The average senator now ha.s a personal staff of 13 to 16 persons. A represenI tative normally has a staff of 6 or 7 members. The comittee staffs consist of I 640 persons in the House and 482 in the Senate. In addition there is also the Legislative Reference Service (LRS) of the Library of Congress (220 persons). The activities of the staff are extremely varied. Generally speaking, the 1 committee staff concentrates on legislation and oversight of the administration. The personal staff of the members deals mainly with the communication between the member and his constituents. The LRS concentrates on informing j committees, members and constituents. Many members are not satisfied with the way in which Congress functions. I Most of them think that a further growth of the staff — both in quality and quantity — is needed. It has been said that Congress, facing the growth of . the governmental bureaucracy, should bureaucratize itself. I The problems facing the parliament of the Netherlands, though not by far &apos; as gigantic, are more or less of the same nature as those related to the manner of functioning of the U.S. Congress. The staff of the Dutch Parliament is still extremely small. A new development is that since 1966 the parliamentary parties are allowed some money for their own staff.
SOCIAL MEDIA IMPACT ON CONSUMERS IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF US AND KUWAIT

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Understanding impact of social media on user's attitude is important. As social media have become very popular amongst people and have become an integral part of the world economy in recent years, predicting impact of social media sites has become a major goal of many researchers in academia and industry. The objectives of the proposed research are two-fold. The first objective is to identify factors that strongly predict consumers' attitudes toward social media usage. The second objective is to investigate how culture influences adoption of social media in developed and less developed countries. The research draws upon the Theory of Reasoned Action, TRA (Fishbein & Ajzen 1975) and the Technology Acceptance Model, TAM (Davis 1989). To achieve the objectives of this research, an English and Arabic Online survey is developed for the US and Kuwait samples and then Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used for testing of the hypothesized relationships and to compare the two cultures. This research provides valuable information and new insights for scholars and managers. The results of this study enable marketing managers understand the importance of social media that can be used to enhance their business. More specifically, the research will assist marketing managers in Kuwait and the US in understanding the critical factors that lead businesses to create their own social media sites by identifying what factors affect consumer's attitude toward social media sites in order for business owners to focus on the most important factors without placing unnecessary emphasis on aspects which are proven to be less important. Furthermore, based on the positive significant results, marketing managers in the two countries are be able to develop effective advertisement strategies through social media based on the proper mix of factors depending on the target market.
Glypican-1 Level Is Elevated in Extracellular Vesicles Released from MC38 Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells Overexpressing Snail

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The transcription factor Snail triggers epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), endowing cancer cells with invasive properties during tumor progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cancer cells at various stages of cancer progression are known to influence the tumor pre-metastatic niche and metastatic potential. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of Snail on murine colon adenocarcinoma cells (MC38 line) and on the characteristics of their EVs. Stable clones of Snail-overexpressing MC38 cells were investigated in vitro versus Mock cells. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-14 and augmented activity of MMP-9 and -14 were observed in Snail-MC38 cells. There was no change in the transcriptomic profile of proteoglycans in Snail-MC38 cells; however, the protein level of Glypican-1 (GPC1) was enhanced in EVs released from those cells. Our finding that GPC1 protein level was enhanced in EVs released from MC38 cells that overexpressed Snail and were in an early EMT stage might explain the specificity of the GPC1 biomarker in colon cancer diagnosis. Further, our data suggest that Snail, by changing the level of GPC1 on EVs released by colon cancer cells, may affect the generation of a distant premetastatic niche and metastatic organotropism in colon adenocarcinoma.
Resolving the Genetic and Environmental Sources of the Correlation Between Height and Intelligence: A Study of Nearly 2600 Norwegian Male Twin Pairs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The main aim of this paper was to resolve the correlation between intelligence test scores and standing height into genetic and environmental components. Data on 1181 identical and 1412 fraternal twin pairs (all males) were retrieved by matching files from the Norwegian Army with twin registries. The data were analyzed by means of a structural equation model comprising latent genetic, shared environmental and nonshared environmental factors and correlations between them. A major part of the height–intelligence correlation was due to correlated shared environments (59% of the phenotypic height–intelligence correlation), but statistically significant effects of correlated genes and nonshared environments were also found (respectively 35% and 6% of the phenotypic correlation).
Quantitative tract integrity profiles (Q-TIPs): a novel neuroimaging toolbox for assessing tract-based white matter integrity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In this thesis, I have sought to address these issues by developing a toolbox called “Quantitative Tract Integrity Profiles (Q-TIPs)” that: is purely MATLAB-based (making it compatible with most operating systems), has a flexible and user-friendly interface, and will be distributed as a standalone toolbox for the popular Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software package. This toolbox extracts the orientation of any ROI mask by calculating the medial axis using Voronoi and Delaunay algorithms, and then cross-sectional segments along the extracted medial axis are used to create profiles based on any quantitative white matter magnetic resonance imaging metric (e.g., diffusion tensor imaging, myelin water imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, etc.). As a result, this toolbox will enable future neuroimaging studies to more easily and flexibly quantify white matter imaging signals along individual tracts as a function of neural development, healthy aging, traumatic brain injury, or neurodegenerative disease.
Validation of Empirical Measures of Welfare Change: Comment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In an excellent article from a recent issue of this journal, Sellar, Stoll and Chavas (1985) make a technical error which causes them to misstate their closed-ended estimates of willingness to pay. Truncation of the estimated cummulative distribution function must we made explicit in compution of willingness to pay.
Fueling the World Revolution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Cold War and process of decolonization divided the world, with Vietnam emerging after 1954 as a center of global competition. Leaders of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) in Hanoi believed that success in their revolution could tip the worldwide balance of power in favor of the socialist bloc and national liberation movements. This conviction, combined with the need to conduct diplomacy from a position of military weakness, made those leaders accomplished practitioners of international politics as they balanced commitments to Marxism-Leninism, anti-imperialism, and anti-Americanism.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE ACCRETION DISK IN THE LENSED QUASAR SBS 0909+532

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We derive the size and temperature profile of the accretion disk of the lensed quasar SBS 0909+532 by measuring the wavelength dependence (chromaticity) of the microlensing magnification produced by the stars in the lens galaxy. After correcting for extinction using the flux ratios of 14 emission lines, we observe a marked change in the B-A flux ratio with wavelength, varying from -0.67 ± 0.05 mag at (rest frame) ∼1460 Åto -0.24 ± 0.07 mag at ∼6560 Å. For λ ≳ 7000 both effects, extinction and microlensing, look minimal. Simulations indicate that image B rather than A is strongly microlensed. If we model the change in disk size from 1460 Å to 6560 Å using a Gaussian source (I exp(-R 2/2r 2 s)) with a disk size scaling with wavelength as rs λp, we find rs = 7+5 -3 light-days at 1460 and p = 0.9+0.6 -0.3 for uniform priors on rs and p, and rs = 4+3 -3 light-days and p = 1.0+0.6 -0.4 for a logarithmic prior on rs . The disk temperature profile T R -1/p is consistent with thin disk theory (T R -3/4), given the uncertainties. The estimates of rs are also in agreement with the size inferred from thin disk theory using the estimated black hole mass (M BH ≃ 2 × 109 M ⊙) but not with the smaller size estimated from thin disk theory and the optical flux. We also use the flux ratios of the unmicrolensed emission lines to determine the extinction curve of the dust in the lens galaxy, finding that it is similar to that of the LMC2 Supershell. © 2011. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
Platform Work and Participation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Platforms like Uber, Deliveroo, and Upwork have disrupted labor markets around the world. These platforms vary enormously in form and function, but generally contain three parts: digital platforms, which set the rules and intermediate communication and transactions between the other two parts, consumers and platform workers. Platform work is a diverse type of labor that developed around these platforms, and it has great potential to increase citizen participation. However, it is under intense scrutiny in light of widely publicized protests and court cases. This report attempts to disentangle the rhetoric surrounding platform work by discussing its emergence and conceptualization, key challenges, and how it may increase participation in the socio-economic sphere. The conclusion discusses how most policy proposals to regulate platform work fail to address the core issues, while potentially stifling innovative practices. Instead, the author suggests more tailored and proportionate regulatory responses.
Effect of EMS, MES and MMS on the chromosomal behaviour ofLens esculenta during microsporogenesis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Progenies were raised from seeds ofLens esculenta L., cultivar JLS-3 treated with 0.03%, 0.09%, 0.16% and 0.26% (by volume) aqueous solutions of EMS, MES and MMS. Meiotic ohromosomes were studied from anthersmears. Ring and chain configurations of chromosomes were found more abundant with higher doses of mutagens particularly those of EMS. Chromosome bridges and multinucleolate nuclei were also frequently seen.
Characterization of Nano-Silica Local Metakaolin Based-Geopolymer: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The current study focused on the utilization of local clay for synthesis and characterization of meta-kaolin based geopolymers with and without nano-silica. The control geopolymers, for a compressive strength of 30 MPa, were optimized by using Liquid/Solid ratio of 0.55, NaOH concentration of 10 M and curing at 80°C. The nano silica was added in an extended range of 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 10%. The synthesized nano-silica metakaolin based geopolymers was investigated by using compressive strength, XRD, XRF, FTIR, SEM, MIP, TG, UV/VIS spectroscopy, in addition to density, water absorption and initial setting times. The results indicated an increase in the compressive strength value with the incorporation of nano-silica in geopolymer mixes until the optimum percentage of 5%, while the 10% addition of nano-silica decreased the compressive strength by 5% as compared to the control geopolymer. The increase in the compressive strength was accredited to the increase in the content of N-A-S-H gel and the amorphous structure as shown by XRD and FTIR analysis. In addition, the optical transmittance analysis, MIP and SEM scans along with the results of density and water absorption have clearly shown the densification of the matrix formed for the optimal percentage of nano-silica. However, the initial setting time was found to reduce substantially with increase of nano-silica content. Moreover, the TG results have shown the 5% nano-added geopolymers to have greater thermal stability as compared to reference geopolymers. Finally, the adopted methodology in this research has shown that 5% nano-silica, is the optimal result for the synthesis and the production of local meta kaolin based geopolymer, with regard to the improvement of physical properties, micro structure and compressive strength.
Direct measurement of the magnetocaloric effect on La(Fe13−x−yCoy)Six compounds near room temperature

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of LaFe11.9−yCoySi1.1 compounds with y=0.8 and 0.9 have been investigated. The temperature dependence of magnetization data revealed that LaFe11.1Co0.8Si1.1 and LaFe11Co0.9Si1.1 exhibit a second-order magnetic transition near room temperature at 282 and 294 K, respectively. Under a magnetic field change of 5 T, the maximum values of isothermal entropy change −ΔS are found to be 15 and 13.5 J/kg K for y=0.8 and 0.9, respectively. The refrigerant capacity has been calculated to be 320 J/kg for y=0.8 and 266 J/kg for y=0.9 under a field change of 5 T. Direct measurements of the temperature change for LaFe11.9−yCoySi1.1 compounds around room temperature were also performed. Measurements of ΔT were performed in adiabatic conditions with practice-oriented method by using a specially developed test bench. For both materials, the normalized temperature change was found to be about 1 K/T at their Curie temperatures.
The Transcription Factor AtGLK1 Acts Upstream of MYBL2 to Genetically Regulate Sucrose-Induced Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background: The regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by various factors including sugars, light and abiotic stresses is mediated by numerous regulatory factors acting at the transcriptional level. Here experimental evidence was provided in order to demonstrate that the nuclear GARP transcription factor AtGLK1 plays an important role in regulating sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Results: The results obtained using real-time quantitative PCR and GUS staining assays revealed that AtGLK1 was mainly expressed in the green tissues of Arabidopsis seedlings and could be induced by sucrose. The loss-of-function glk1 glk2 double mutant has lower anthocyanin levels than the glk2 single mutant, although it has been determined that loss of AtGLK1 alone does not affect anthocyanin accumulation. Overexpression of AtGLK1 enhances the accumulation of anthocyanin in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings accompanied by increased expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes. Moreover, we found that AtGLK1 also participates in plastid-signaling mediated anthocyanin accumulations. Genetic, physiological, and molecular biological approaches demonstrated that AtGLK1 acts upstream of MYBL2, which is a key negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, to genetically regulate sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Conclusion: Our results indicated that AtGLK1 positively regulates sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis via MYBL2.
OPTIMAL RESIDUAL NITRATE NITROGEN LEVELS FOR IRRIGATED CORN AND EFFECTS OF NITROGEN LIMITATIONS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Optimal use of applied nitrogen on irrigated corn on clay loam soils where accumulation of residual nitrate N occured was insensitive to changes in interest rates and fertilizer/crop price ratio changes. Soil tests are necessary to determine the correct N application. Deviations from the profit maximizing level affect both current and future profits.
Desmodium heterocarpon CIAT13124

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Desmodium heterocarpon
Common name(s): forages
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Colombia
Local sample unique identifier: CIAT13124
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1982-04-30
Other identifiers: n/a,017/153-01, n/a,ILCA-12249
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Included