jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the Tidal Prism: The Roles of Basin Extension, Bottom Friction and Inlet Cross-Section

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The prism of the Lignano tidal inlet was approximately constant over the last forty years, although the section width has halved. This has led to questions concerning the factors that most influence the tidal prism, and on the applicability of the well-known A–P relationship. A conceptual scheme of the sea–channel–lagoon system has been used to perform a sensitivity analysis of different parameters that characterize both the basin and the inlet cross-section. A 2D hydrodynamic model has been applied to evaluate the prism and compare it to the one derived by a static method, which is the basis of the analytical derivation of the A–P linkage. Three regimes have been found in the prism variability as a function of the basin extension: a linear static regime between prism and basin area; an asymptotic regime in which the prism depends only on the basin bottom friction; and an intermediate one. In addition, the roles of the inlet and channel sizes on the prism value have been investigated. The results, compared to the empirical relationships between the prism and the inlet cross-section, show that a variation in the cross-sectional area does not always corresponds to a change in tidal prism.
Linear lichen planus in the lines of Blaschko suggestive of immune‐related adverse event

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report the first ever case of the immune-related adverse event (irAE) of a linear variant of lichen planus in the lines of Blaschko. We believe that our case provides novel insight into new aspects of cutaneous mosaicism, in which skin manifestations can appear as a form of irAE.
Lingual Vibrotactile Threshold Shift Differences between Stutterers and Normal Speakers during Magnitude-Estimation Scaling

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in tactile sensory system function between stutterers and normal speakers. This task was accomplished by studying possible tactile threshold shifts occurring during magnitude-estimation scaling of vibratory stimuli presented to the dorsal surface of the tongue. Ten normal speaking men ( M age = 19.7 yr.) and 10 stutterers ( M age = 25.9 yr.) participated. Analysis suggested that stutterers and normal speakers differ in terms of the responsiveness of the sensory mechanism for the lingual tactile threshold to vibratory stimulus intensities applied at suprathreshold levels. The stutterers and normal speakers performed similarly on all aspects of the magnitude-estimation scaling tasks, but the amount of threshold shift occurring during the scaling procedures was significantly greater for the stutterers at each suprathreshold intensity level employed.
Production in Indian Districts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, we attempt to quantify the effect of improved population health on technical efficiency in agricultural production. Using data for over 260 districts in 15 Indian states, we employ the random-coefficients technique to estimate a Cobb-Douglas production function, computing overall and input specific technical efficiencies for each district. We then model health (the district infant mortality rate) as a determinant of (in) efficiency in a second stage, controlling for a range of other socioeconomic variables. We find that decreases in the infant mortality rate, as well as increases in the literacy rate and level of irrigation, are associated with significant increases in overall technical efficiency, and that a good portion of health’s effect is probably due to improvements in the efficiency of labor use. While efficiency increases from improvements in irrigation and literacy are larger, the potential gains from health are still fairly substantial.
Enabling the Rational Design of Low-Fat Snack Foods: Insights from In Vitro Oral Processing

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Texture perception is conceptualized as an emergent cognitive response to food characteristics that comprise several physical and chemical properties. Contemporary oral processing research focuses on revealing the relationship between the sensory perceptions and food properties, with the goal of enabling rational product design. One major challenge is associated with revealing the complex molecular and biocolloidal interactions underpinning even simple texture percepts. Here, we introduce in vitro oral processing, which considers oral processing in terms of discrete units of operation (first bite, comminution, granulation, bolus formation, and tribology). Within this framework, we systematically investigate the material properties that govern each specific oral processing unit operation without being impacted by the biological complexity of the oral environment. We describe how this framework was used to rationally design a low-fat potato chip with improved sensory properties by investigating the impact from adding back, to a low-fat potato chip, a small amount of oil mixed with the surface-active agent polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR). The relevance of instrumental measures is validated by sensory assessment, whereby panelists ranked the perceived oiliness of three different types of potato chips. The sensory results indicate that perceived oiliness was higher when a low-fat potato chip was supplemented with an additional 0.5% (w/w) topical coating (the coating comprised 15%, w/w, PGPR in oil) compared to the unaltered low-fat potato chip. The perceived difference in oiliness is hypothesized to correspond to the dynamic friction measured in vitro with a saliva-coated substrate in the presence and absence of PGPR. The study illustrates how dividing oral processing into distinct units provides a rational approach to food product design focused on controlling key sensory attributes.
The resurrection of the house amongst the Zafimaniry of Madagascar

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The zafimaniry are a group of Malagasy swidden cultivators living in high-altitude montane forest. In terms of general culture they are fairly close to the neighbouring Betsileo or even the Merina. Their political history has been characterized by their determined attempts to avoid various forms of centralized government, attempts which on the whole have been fairly successful.
MAPT Mutations V337M and N297K Alter Organelle Trafficking in Frontotemporal Dementia Patient-Specific Motor Neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of neurons mainly in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Mutations (e.g., V337M, N297K) in the microtubule-associated protein TAU (MAPT) are responsible 5–20% of familial FTD cases and have been associated with defects in organelle trafficking that plays a critical role in the proper function of cells, including transport of essential molecules and degradation of waste products. Due to the critical role of TAU mutations in microtubule stabilization and organelle transportation, it is of great interest to study these molecular mechanisms to develop effective therapeutic strategies. Therefore, herein, we analyzed mitochondrial and lysosomal trafficking in disease-specific spinal motor neurons by using live cell imaging in undirected (uncompartmentalized) and directed (compartmentalized) cell culture systems. While V337M neurons only expressed 3R TAU, the N297K mutant neurons expressed both 3R and 4R TAU. Axonal trafficking was affected differentially in V337M and N297 MAPT mutated neurons. These findings suggest that the MAPT mutations V337M and N297K impaired axon physiology differentially, which highlights the need for mutation- and/or 3R/4R TAU-specific therapeutic approaches.
Evacuation and Settlement Model of Personnel in Major Flood Disasters and Its Application

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In order to select the most suitable rescue boat stop and personnel resettlement point for rapid evacuation and placement of "isolated island" victims. According to the characteristics of "isolated island" problem, considering the factors of total evacuation time and total evacuation cost, a dual-objective emergency evacuation model is constructed. By using the method of fuzzy matrix, the dual-objective problem is transformed into a single-objective problem. Finally, the Hungarian method is used to solve the problem. The results of an example show that the model can realize the selection of the best berth point and personnel placement point.
Difference analysis of intelligent energy efficiency management system of ships using different power

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Affected by policies and regulations such as energy saving, emission reduction and cost reduction and efficiency enhancement, the shipping industry has a high demand for intelligent energy efficiency management systems for ships. First, the main functional modules of the ship's intelligent energy efficiency management system are analyzed; then, with regard to three types of ships i.e. diesel power, hybrid power, and battery power, the structure of different power systems and their power transmission paths are studied, in the meantime, the difference analyses of the ship's intelligent energy efficiency management system was carried out from the four aspects of energy efficiency monitoring, evaluation, optimization and hardware architecture. Finally, the differences of the energy efficiency management system were summarized, and its generalization and modular development were prospected. This research has guiding significance for the development of intelligent energy efficiency management systems for different powered ships.
The Future of Transplant Biology and Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although organ transplantation remains the mainstay of treatment for patients with severely compromised organ function, with the growing number of patients in need of treatment and the lack of organ supply, medical scientists have begun seeking out alternatives. In the last two decades, researchers have attempted to grow native and stem cells, engineer tissues, and design treatment modalities using regenerative medicine techniques for almost every tissue of the human body. This chapter discusses the basics of tissue engineering, including cell isolation and biomaterial selection. It then outlines specific advances and potential surgical uses. This review contains 9 figures, 2 tables, and 135 references.
[A machine learning model based on initial gut microbiome data for predicting changes of Bifidobacterium after prebiotics consumption].

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Short-term prebiotics intervention can significantly decrease α-diversity of the intestinal flora. The machine learning model based on initial gut microbiota data can accurately predict the changes in Bifidobacterium, which sheds light on personalized nutrition intervention and precise modulation of the intestinal flora.
Study of Renal Vessels by Microdissection in Human Transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In our experience the onset of the vascular lesion does not give rise to the alarming signs associated with cellular rejection (toxic syndrome).Accordingly we have been unable to reverse the rejection process because it has been well established by the time signs of renal failure have occurred.In our whole series of 13 cases the longest survivals have received x-irradiation and the shortest survivals immunosuppressive drugs.
Being Wheeled or Walking

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: In this article, we explore what a different way of moving—being wheeled versus walking—means for the spatial experience of day surgery patients. Background: Day surgery centers can be conceived in very different manners. Some are organized similar to traditional hospital admittance; others are located in a specifically designed part of the hospital and receive patients as guests who walk through the entire procedure. Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with 37 patients at two distinct day surgery centers. Results: Despite the different managerial concepts and corresponding spatial designs, in both centers, patients’ spatial experience is shaped by the interrelation of material, social, and time-related aspects. However, the chosen concept results in a different experience throughout patients’ journey. Conclusions: Based on an analysis of the different journeys, we conclude that patients’ interpretation of a hospital’s care vision is influenced not only by what the hospital communicates explicitly or how it educates its staff but also by what is implicitly told by the built environment.
Ways of Enchanting

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Yam cultivation and display are central and very contemporary concerns amongst the Abelam of Papua New Guinea. Long yams, especially, have been interpreted as phallic symbols, images of ancestors and valuables. Describing the processes from which these ‘artefacts’ emerge, gives some importance to local interpretations, i.e. the reasons rather than the causes driving local technical processes. This analysis of the notion of operational sequences, or chaînes opératoires, proves very useful in unravelling the interlacing of practices and discourses that leads to the ‘coming-into-being’ of yams. Using a selection of operational sequences, the author discusses the methodology and investigates some aspects that have come out of his own use of the chaîne opératoire. Through its potential for describing the relations actively created between long yam cultivation and other domains of experience, the chaîne opératoire contributes to repositioning the study of techniques and technology in contemporary anthropological discussions of material culture.
Myofascial release of the pectoral fascia: Effect on shoulder posture, pectoral length, muscle activity, and movement performance.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Context: Neck-shoulder pain is among the most common health care problems, especially in office workers and females. Forward shoulder posture (FSP) is a common postural deviation and known risk factor for the development of neck-shoulder pain and pathology. Common approaches for reducing FSP include stretching and performing manual techniques to increase the length and extensibility of the scapular protractors and strengthening the scapular retractors. Myofascial release (MFR) is a group of manual techniques that elongate and soften restricted fascia, however, the effects of myofascial release to the pectorals on FSP are currently unknown. Objective: To determine the impact of 4-minutes of MFR on: 1) FSP, 2) pectoral length, 3) muscle activity of the upper, middle, and lower trapezius and pectoralis major, 4) scapular retractor to protractor ratio of activity, and 4) movement performance compared to a soft-touch control. Participants: Eighteen females (27 years ± 10) with FSP but otherwise healthy shoulders. Interventions: One 4-minute MFR treatment and one 4-minute soft-touch control (CON) treatment. Main Outcome Measures: FSP, pectoral length, muscle activity of upper, middle, and lower trapezius (UT, MT, LT) and pectoralis major (PEC), scapular retractor-protractor ratio of activity (R/P), and movement performance (reaction time [RT], movement time [MvT], end-point accuracy [constant and variable error]). Statistical Analysis: Two-way (treatment [MFR or CON] by time [PRE and POST]) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted on all dependent variables. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in FSP, F(1, 17) = 6.66, p = .019, partial η2= .282. The means (millimetres) and standard deviations were as follows: PRE-MFR 124 (15), POST-MFR 118 (14), PRE-CON 124 (15), POST-CON 122 (15). There were no statistically significant changes in pectoral length, muscle activity, or movement performance. Conclusion: A 4-minute MFR to the pectoral fascia is effective at reducing FSP, but does not impact pectoral length, muscle activity, or movement performance. However, the study sample was well underpowered, thus possibly impacting the results of the other outcome variables. It is unclear if this reduction in FSP is considered clinically significant in reducing the risk for development of neck-shoulder pain or pathology.
The use of just intonation in my recent compositions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The present thesis is an exposé of my compositional use of just intonation and, in particular, the construction of my series of keyboard 'temperaments' Kirnberger-Svensson. These temperaments are named after the Baroque composer and music theorist Johann Philipp Kirnberger, upon whose temperament, usually known as Kirnberger II, I have based this series. The thesis has a proportionally lengthy Introduction in which I account for my thinking about affordances, intonation, modes of listening, and effectivities of musical instruments. The purpose of this Introduction is to situate my work in just intonation within the broader issues of aesthetics and poetics that has accompanied my compositional thinking. In it, I analyse how the use of just intonation can invite the listener to a 'close listening' to the materiality of musical instruments, and I contrast this with an analysis of its opposite 'distanced listening'. After the Introduction, the First Part declares my six different Kirnberger-Svensson tunings. First, their origins and relationship to Kirnberger II is explained, and subsequently I discuss their applications to different instrumental settings. The use of Kirnberger-Svensson with fretted and unfretted string instruments, keyboard instruments, and the shakuhachi is analysed. The Second Part of the thesis consists of six original compositions—all of them chamber music compositions written in just intonation.
Clinical Psychological Interventions for Children between 8 and 11 Years Old in Populations with Socioeconomic Vulnerability

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The gradual increase of poverty rates in Latin America and its effects on children from socioeconomically vulnerable populations raises the need for innovative responses in the field of mental health. Faced with these needs, the present study aims at evaluating the efficacy of focused psychotherapy, where Viktor Frankl´s and Héctor Fiorini´s theoretical frameworks are integrated, in children from 8 to 11 years old who attend a Psychological Orientation Center located in a shanty town in Buenos Aires. The 50 records that make up this research are part of a sample that includes 330 medical records of patients of different ages who underwent treatment between 2014 and 2019. The issues to be addressed (foci) were identified at the beginning of each individual treatment. Participants were assessed before and after treatment with the House-Tree-Person (H-T-P) graphic projective technique and, in addition, a case study was analyzed by interviewing the patient and therapists to make a qualitative outcome assessment. The outcomes, measured using the Wilcoxon test, revealed that there were significant improvements in various issues raised throughout the treatments. The revision of the HTP technique revealed that patients presented favorable changes in issues such as interpersonal relationships, self-esteem and ego strength. The case study reinforced these results. The findings of this research suggest that the integration of Logo therapy and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy could be an effective and an innovative approach to address the current issues affecting children in socio-economically vulnerable populations.
An evaluation of the current use of the breast-shoulder apparatus characters in anurans

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Historically, it has been accepted that all the elements of the breast-shoulder apparatus (BSA) are homologous in anurans, that the arciferal condition is primitive and the firmisternal condition derived, and that arciferal and firmisternal conditions have evolved several times. However, some studies have suggested that not all BSA elements are homologous in anurans and that the firmisternal condition is primitive with respect to arciferal condition. Also, it has been argued that the existence of convergent arciferal and firmisternal conditions preclude us from using those conditions reliably. The developmental anatomy of the BSA elements in 19 species of anurans, 2 species of lizards, and 1 species of salamander was examined in order to answer four questions: (1) are all the ventral elements of the breast-shoulder apparatus (BSA) homologous in anurans? (2) is the arciferal condition primitive to the firmisternal condition in anurans? (3) is there a firmisternal taxon? (4) is there an arciferal taxon? To answer those questions a new method for testing homology is proposed. It is based on the use of developmental data combined with the principles of cladism and must be used as alternative to parsimony. It was concluded that: (1) all the ventral BSA elements in anurans are homologous, (2) all BSA elements (including prezonal and epicoracoidal horns) are present in most anuran species (although showing different shapes), (3) there is more than one kind of epicoracoid overlap (arcifery) in anurans; (4) there are no bases to consider the arciferal condition, such as occur in Bufo, Acris crepitans, and Spea bombifrons, primitive to fimisterny (on the contrary the data support its deriveness), (5) there are no bases to consider the firmisternal condition apomorphic within anurans, (6) the data do not support the existence of convergent firmisternal conditions in anurans (such as in Atelopus), (7) there is no support for the existence of a firmisternal taxon, and (8) a new BSA element (the intermediate element, IE) is described.
Supplementary movie 2 from Dysregulation of Rab37-Mediated Cross-talk between Cancer Cells and Endothelial Cells via Thrombospondin-1 Promotes Tumor Neovasculature and Metastasis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Time-lapse movie of TIRF images of Rab37-CE81T cells expressing GFP-tagged TSP1.</p>
Planering av väginvesteringar

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The problems around and the planning of wood flow is some of the most complex issues in the forest-sector. The experience and overview of the single employees is crucial for the possibility of correct tactical and economical decision-making. The increasing demand of savings and shorter reaction-times with greater flexibility in the wood-supply-chain, makes solutions and aids for improved effectiveness in the work and processes according to wood-flow urgent. \n \nHolmen Skog is starting to develop a new forest-road-management-system. The system will facilitate the work according to construction, improvements and updating the standard of roads. \n \nThe aim of this study was to investigate the tactical and economical functionality of the decision-support tool Vägrust. The goal was to establish a plan for road improvements with 4, 6 and 8 weeks of thaw, running on 10 year at Holmen Skog district Bredbyn. \nRoad-data, stand-data and the coming need of wood at the district founded the base which the optimization was performed. The location of the wood-volumes, conditions of the road-network with respect of accessibility and the yearly procurement-need of the industries was recorded in Vägrust. One optimization was run for each thaw-period of 4, 6 and 8 weeks by Mathias Henningsson at Linköpings universitet. \n \nThe optimizations shows, in this context, a very low improvement-cost ranging between 5,6-9,7 kr/m³fub for the planning-period depending on the length of the thaw period. \nVägrust, that today is a prototype decision-tool, generated useful and reliable plans of road improvements at district Bredbyn. The costs of road management at Holmen Skog AB is supposed to decrease through the use of an optimization-model for road-improvements.