jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Involvement of scalp in leprosy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is generally believed that hairy scalp is an immune zone for leprosy lesion, because of the higher temperature of the scalp, which is not suitable for the habitation of lepra bacilli. Here is a report of borderline tuberculoid leprosy involving scalp and the right side of the face. The patient also had features of type 1 lepra reaction and facial palsy on the right side.
Data archive of "Nanoscale Near-Field Tomography of Surface States on (Bi0.5Sb0.5)2Te3"

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) have attracted tremendous interest for their possibility to host massless Dirac Fermions in topologically protected surface states (TSSs), which may enable new kinds of high-speed electronics. However, recent reports have outlined the importance of band bending effects within these materials, which results in an additional two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with finite mass at the surface. TI surfaces are also known to be highly inhomogeneous on the nanoscale, which is masked in conventional far-field studies. Here, we use near-field microscopy in the mid infrared spectral range to probe the local surface properties of customtailored (Bi0.5Sb0.5)(2)Te-3 structures with nanometer precision in all three spatial dimensions. Applying nanotomography and nanospectroscopy, we reveal a few-nanometer-thick layer of high surface conductivity and retrieve its local dielectric function without assuming any model for the spectral response. This allows us to directly distinguish between different types of surface states. An intersubband transition within the massive 2DEG formed by quantum confinement in the bent conduction band manifests itself as a sharp, surface-bound, Lorentzian-shaped resonance. An additional broadband background in the imaginary part of the dielectric function may be caused by the TSS. Tracing the intersubband resonance with nanometer spatial precision, we observe changes of its frequency, likely originating from local variations of doping or/and the mixing ratio between Bi and Sb. Our results highlight the importance of studying the surfaces of these novel materials on the nanoscale to directly access the local optical and electronic properties via the dielectric function.
THE IMPACT OF BUY – SELL RECOMMENDATIONS ON BANKS’ STOCK RETURNS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of stock buy-sell recommendations of brokerage houses on the stock returns of banks operating in Borsa Istanbul (BIST). Accordingly, it has been attempted to assess if investors can receive abnormal returns in accordance with the recommendations of brokerage houses using the case study technique. The validity of the semi-strong effective form of investors who made a buying-selling decision based on brokerage house recommendations was investigated. The returns of the banks' stocks were obtained from the data-stream database. The study evaluated buy-sell recommendations for four large brokerage houses and analyzed data from January 2018 through December 2020. The event study method was used, and t-test was performed in order to determine the difference of abnormal returns from zero in the research. As a result of the research, a negative abnormal return was determined on the day of the event and the day after the sell recommendation was given. Besides, a positive abnormal return was determined on the day before the announcement and on the day of the event in the bank stocks on which buy recommendation has been given. In this respect, the average abnormal and cumulative abnormal returns indicated that BIST was not an efficient market in a semi-strong form for the banking sector. When the sell recommendations and their effects are examined within the scope of the research, it is seen that the day before [-1] p=0.016 value was obtained, on the day, [0] p=0.018 value was obtained, the next day and two days later [+1, +2] p=0.077 and 0.046 values were obtained. On the other hand, when the buy recommendations and their effects are examined, it is seen that the day before [-1] p=0.000 and on the day [0] p=0.098 values were obtained. T-test results and p values show that brokerage house recommendations are effective on stock returns in the BIST banking sector, and therefore BIST banking sector is effective in a weak form. The obtained results of the study were crucial for investors who invested in short-term stocks.
Temporally-topological defect modes in photonic time crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate the properties of temporally-topological defect modes (TTDMs) (or temporally-topological interface states) in the topological photonic time crystal (PTC) systems. The PTC systems are constructed by the cascade of multiple sub-PTCs that possess temporal inversion symmetries and different topologies. The cases of two-, three-, and multiple-sub-PTC for the topological PTC system are studied. By transfer matrix method, we find that the TTDMs appear when the topological signs of the corresponding gaps in the sub-PTCs are different. The positions of TTDMs can be adjusted by changing the modulation strength of the refractive index, the time duration, and the period of the sub-PTCs. Moreover, the number of TTDMs is one less than the number of sub-PTCs. In addition, the robustness of the systems is also studied. We find that the topological PTC systems have good robustness, especially on the random configuration of the refractive index and time duration for the temporal slabs in the systems. Such research may provide a new degree of freedom for PTC applications, such as novel PTC lasers, tunable band-stop or band-suppression PTC filters, and many others, in the field of integrated photonic circuits for optical communications.
0.8V start-up 92% efficiency on-chip boost DC-DC converters for battery operation micro-computers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents embedded use DC-DC boost converters for battery operating micro-computers. Pulse frequency modulation (PFM) is employed for fast response. A new control method is applied to improve the efficiency by regulating the inductor current optimally from both of input voltage and load current. A synchronous rectifier converter fabricated by a 180nm CMOS technology achieves the efficiency of 92% at the condition of 1.5V input voltage and 20mA load current as predicted through a model analysis. The efficiency is improved more than 15% compared with the case of ILmax being a fixed value.
Adolescents’ Perceptions of Gender Aspects in a Virtual-Reality-Based Alcohol-Prevention Tool: A Focus Group Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Virtual reality (VR) is an innovative tool for alcohol prevention among adolescents. However, many aspects of virtual simulations for alcohol prevention remained unstudied, and research on opportunities for tailoring such tools to users’ gender using avatar-based pathways is lacking. The present study, therefore, explores adolescents’ perceptions of gender portrayal and gender tailoring using Virtual LimitLab—a VR simulation for building refusal skills for dealing with peer pressure to consume alcohol. Focus groups were conducted after individual simulation testing with 13 adolescents in four groups, whose statements and discussion underwent thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified: the relevance of gender, opinions on different tailoring options for gender, and opinions on flirt orientation. Divergent arguments for different tailoring options and representations of gender in the simulation were proposed. Some participants changed opinions during discussions. Sexual harassment was consensually deemed an important issue that is linked to both partying and alcohol and was concluded to require being addressed along with alcohol prevention. A consensus also formed around open flirting possibilities (regardless of gender), and awareness of non-binary peers was raised. Based on the observed sensitivity of the adolescents to gender diversity, it is necessary to include LGBTQIA+ adolescents when developing gender-sensitive simulations.
Evidence that ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport in rat parotid microsomal membranes requires charge compensation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport was investigated in a rat parotid microsomal-membrane preparation enriched in endoplasmic reticulum. Ca2+ uptake, in KCl medium, was rapid, linear with time up to 20 s, and unaffected by the mitochondrial inhibitors NaN3 and oligomycin. This Ca2+ uptake followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and was of high affinity (Km approximately 38 nM) and high capacity (approximately 30 nmol/min per mg of protein). In the presence of oxalate, Ca2+ uptake continued to increase for at least 5 min, reaching an intravesicular accumulation approx. 10 times higher than without oxalate. Ca2+ uptake was dependent on univalent cations in the order K+ = Na+ greater than trimethylammonium+ greater than mannitol and univalent anions in the order Cl- greater than acetate- greater than Br- = gluconate- = NO3- greater than SCN-. Ca2+ uptake was not elevated if membranes were incubated in the presence of a lipophilic anion (NO3-) and carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. Ca2+ transport was altered by changes in the K+-diffusion potential of the membranes. A relatively negative K+-diffusion potential increased the initial rate of Ca2+ accumulation, whereas a relatively positive potential decreased Ca2+ accumulation. In the presence of an outwardly directed K+ gradient, nigericin had no effect on Ca2+ uptake. In aggregate, these studies suggest that the ATP-dependent Ca2+-transport mechanism present in rat parotid microsomal membranes exhibits an electrogenic Ca2+ flux which requires the movement of other ions for charge compensation.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigations in Imidazole Series. Part 96. Concerning the Reaction of 1‐Methyl‐4‐nitro‐5‐chloroimidazole with Phenols, Naphthols and 8‐Hydroxyquinoline.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Re-Claiming Disability: Identity, Procedural Justice, and the Disability Determination Process

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research highlights the crucial role of an intimate link between a disabled person's self-identity and the perceived fairness of legal procedures. In doing so, it brings to the foreground a wholly ignored aspect of procedural justice. Earlier researchers have failed to delve into the role identity politics plays in the relationship between the institutions and the beneficiaries of their services, and the way different members of a group understand and define themselves. This research explores the way people with disabilities in the United States, with different kinds of disability identities, experience and evaluate the procedure of claiming Social Security benefits. The findings suggest that disabled people who identified with the social model of disability (as opposed to the medical-individual models) hold a critical view of the procedure for retaining benefits. They felt they had no control over it, could not voice their opinions, were mistreated by representatives, and had to present an image that was not necessarily true of their disability. They also saw the procedure as discouraging them from participating fully in the labor market, and consequently integrating better in society, an idea that was not present among disabled people who identify with medical-individual models. Exposing this relationship between the way people perceive themselves and the way they experience and evaluate legal procedures can contribute to the creation of better policies, while improving communication between the state and members of the disability community, along with other marginalized groups.
A Riemann type theorem for series of operators on Banach spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study Kalton's theorem on the unconditional convergence of series of compact operators and we use some matrix techniques to obtain sufficient conditions, weaker than previous ones, on the convergence and unconditional convergence of series of compact operators. Finally, we characterise weak unconditionally Cauchy series in C ℒ( X , Y ) in the terms of certain spaces of vector sequences.
“Cluster Bomb” Based Bismuth Nano‐in‐Micro Spheres Formed Dry Powder Inhalation for Thermo‐Radio Sensitization Effects of Lung Metastatic Breast Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Lung metastatic breast cancer (LMBC) is mainly diagnosed through CT imaging and radiotherapy could be the most common method in the clinic to inhibit tumor proliferation. While the sensitivity of radiotherapy is always limited due to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and high doses of irradiation easily induce systemic cytotoxicity. Metal‐based materials applied as radiosensitizers have been widely investigated to improve efficiency and reduce the doses of irradiation. Herein, it is aimed to overcome these problems by designing biodegradable lipid‐camouflaged bismuth‐based nanoflowers (DP‐BNFs) as both a photo‐thermo‐radiosensitizer to develop a novel photothermal therapy (PTT) and radiotherapy combination strategy for LMBC treatment. To achieve effective lung deposition, “Cluster Bomb” structure‐based DP‐BNFs nano‐in‐micro dry powder inhalation (DP‐BNF@Lat‐MPs) are formulated through spray‐dried technology. The DP‐BNFs “cluster” in the microsphere to improve their tumor‐targeted lung deposition with a high fine particle fraction followed by burst releasing of DP‐BNFs for targeting delivery and LMBC therapy. The DP‐BNF@Lat‐MPs exhibit excellent photothermal conversion efficiency, radiotherapy enhancement, and CT imaging ability in vitro, which synergistically inhibit cell proliferation and metastasis. In vitro and in vivo data prove that combining PTT and radiotherapy with DP‐BNF@Lat‐MPs as a thermo‐radio dual‐sensitizer significantly enhances LMBC tumor metastasis inhibition with good biocompatibility and low toxicity.
Anti-microbial mechanism of ZnO nanoparticles in the presence of cationic surfactant against pathogenic bacteria for pharmaceutical applications

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Metal oxide nanoparticles with quite prodigious enactment in the field of research. ZnO is considered to be an exact candidate for an antimicrobial agent. ZnO in the form of fine nanoparticles possess enhanced antibacterial action than when it is in the bulk form. It is obvious that ZnO, which have the average crystallite size in the range between 15nm to 20nm exhibits enhanced antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacterias, so the present investigation is carried out to explains the role of cationic surfactant in the antimicrobial execution of ZnO nanoparticles enzymatic about precipitation method annealed at the temperature of 600oC. The outcomes are cogitated by XRD spectra, SEM, and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectra. The crucial antimicrobic activity of the complex ZnO NP's antagonistic pathogenic bacterias were studied quantity-wise. ZnO nanoparticles have the capability to interfere with NorA protein, which is developed for conferring resistance in bacteria and has pumping activity that mediates the effluxing bacterias from a cell. Thus, antimicrobial effect Zinc oxide is widely used in nursing a variety of skin conditions, including dermatitis, itching due to eczema, diaper rash and acne.
Response to Christopher Insole’s Kant and the Divine: From Contemplation to the Moral Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is a response given at the book launch for Christopher Insole’s Kant and the Divine: From Contemplation to the Moral Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020), hosted jointly, in November 2020, by the Centre for Catholic Studies, Durham University, and the Australian Catholic University. The response focuses on the continuity and rupture that Insole claims to find between Kant’s early and late philosophy, and draws attention to an aesthetic sensibility across Kant’s thought: a Platonic and rationalist aesthetics which focuses on the qualities of harmony, plenitude and perfection that Insole finds to be the ‘base notes’ of Kant’s thought.
An Inexpensive, Easily Assembled Freeze-Dryer for Monoamine Histochemistry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Nelson, James S.: An inexpensive, easily assembled freeze-dryer for monoamine histochemistry. Techn. Bull. Regist. Med. Techn., 39: 210–212, 1969. Monoamine fluorescence histochemistry can be performed on tissues rapidly frozen at — 150 C. and dried at —40 C. and 0.005 mm. of mercury pressure in an inexpensive freeze-dryer quickly assembled from commercially available parts. A Virtis Dry Ice trap comprises the specimen chamber and cold finger. The trap, cooled with Dry Ice and methyl Cellosolve in a covered polystyrene box, is connected by vacuum stopcocks and tubing to a McLeod gauge and two-stage mechanical vacuum pump. Maximal drying time is 5 days. The use of liquid nitrogen in the cold finger and shortening of the specimen cold finger distance may reduce drying time. The dry tissue is exposed to formaldehyde gas at 70 C, infiltrated under vacuum with paraffin, sectioned, and examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Electrical coupling synchronizes subthreshold activity in locus coeruleus neurons in vitro from neonatal rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Locus coeruleus neurons in brain slices prepared from neonatal rats have rhythmic oscillations in membrane potential at frequencies ranging from 0.3 to 3 Hz. Recordings from pairs of neurons separated by 50–300 microns showed that this oscillatory activity was synchronized at ages less than 24 d. Slices cut from rats 24–27 d old showed rhythmic activity which was only partially synchronous between cell pairs, but full synchrony could be restored by superfusion with tetraethylammonium (2 mM) and/or barium (2 mM). No synchronous rhythmic activity was observed between neurons in slices from rats 40 d old, even in the presence of tetraethylammonium and barium. In those cells in which rhythmic potential oscillations were synchronous, action potentials occurring in one cell were not observed in the second cell. Electrotonic coupling was directly demonstrated between 41% of neurons (12 of 29 pairs) in slices from rats less than 10 d old but not in tissue from older rats (4 pairs). The input resistance of neurons from neonatal rats (less than 15 d old) was about half (81 M omega) that measured under identical conditions from neurons from adult rats (213 M omega). The electrotonic potential in cells from rats less than 15 d old was best fit by a double exponential, whereas that from adults was best fit by a single exponential. The results demonstrate that significant electrical coupling occurs among locus coeruleus neurons from neonatal rats; this appears to decline with age. The coupling serves as a low-pass filter and causes the synchronized occurrence of membrane potential oscillations. Such a rhythmic background activity within the entire nucleus may be important for the widespread trophic role of the noradrenergic neurons during development.
Xbee Pro S1 Based Wireless Data Acquisition System for Landslide Monitoring

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Landslides are disasters that occur due to the shifting of land. To detect it, we need a system that can monitor it in real-time. Therefore, in this study, a wireless data acquisition system based on the Xbee Pro S1 module was built for monitoring landslides so that the community quickly responded in the event of a disaster. Testing the range of the module is very important to ensure that data communication between the transmitter and receiver can take place. The test carried out in this study was to take the plate distance data on the extensometer by adding a load and then detected using an ultrasonic sensor. The Xbee transmitter sends data to the Xbee receiver in real-time. From the test results, the maximum range of the Xbee Pro S1 module is 150m outdoors with an average delivery time of 15s from the transmitter to the receiver
A solid state film transport

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A solid state film transport utilizing piezoelectric motion was evaluated and found to have potential in film positioning applications. The concept is particularly useful in flight equipment where torque motors and conventional transport mechanisms are difficult to apply. A demonstration model utilizing 5-inch film was designed, tested, and evaluated. Three basic operating modes were investigated. Design goals for step size were achieved under controlled conditions. The continuous mode test results were marred by an inability to transfer efficiently the piezoceramic motion to the film itself. The design, test results, and problem areas are described.
Temporal Locus of Knowledge of Results: A Meta-Analytic Review

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the temporal locus of knowledge of results. An extensive literature review was conducted, yielding 17 published articles suitable for the meta-analyses. These studies were then separated into 2 general categories of acquisition and retention. These categories were subdivided further into KR delay interval, KR delay and motor interpolated activities, KR delay and verbal interpolated activities, post-KR interval, post-KR interval and motor interpolated activities, and post-KR interval and verbal interpolated activities. 6 of the 12 categories gave enough data for the meta-analyses. The categories which showed significant results were KR-delay, post-KR interval, and post-KR interval and verbal interpolated activities in acquisition. Although significant, effect sizes were comparatively small. The discussion of findings focused on effects of the temporal locus of KR and interpolated activities on performance and learning.