jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SH1972201.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Coronary plaque morphology affects stent deployment: Assessment by intracoronary ultrasound

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in arterial wall morphology induced by coronary stent implantation and the influence of plaque morphology on stent expansion by intravascular ultrasound. Intravascular ultrasound imaging was performed in 25 lesions before and after Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation. In the 25 lesions with ultrasound images before and after stent deployment angiographic percent diameter stenosis decreased from 71% ± 11% to 6% ± 14%. By ultrasound there was a gain in luminal area from 2.0 mm2 ± 1.5 mm2 to 6.6 mm2 ± 2.1 mm2 owing to a gain in external elastic membrane area of 2.5 mm2 ± 1.7 mm2 and reduction of plaque area of 2.1 mm2 ± 1.7 mm2. Calcified lesions (n = 8) showed significantly less relative luminal gain (218% ± 128% vs. 421% ± 276%, P = .01), and stent expansion was significantly less symmetric (minimal/maximal stent diameter 0.8 ± 0.1 vs. 0.9 ± 0.1, P = .002) as compared to non-calcified lesions (n = 17). The difference in lumen area within the stent between the previously stenotic area and the ends of the stent was significantly larger in calcified lesions as compared to non-calcified lesions (29 ± 28% vs. 8 ± 23%, P = .03). Both vessel stretch and plaque reduction contribute to the luminal gain after coronary stenting. Calcified lesions interfere with optimal stent expansion. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Modification of the existing maximum residue level (MRL) for prothioconazole in shallots

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the evaluating Member State (EMS), United Kingdom, received an application from Bayer CropScience S.A.S. to modify the existing maximum residue level (MRL) for the active substance prothioconazole in shallots. In order to accommodate for the intended use of prothioconazole, United Kingdom proposed to set the MRL at the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.05 mg/kg. According to EFSA the data are sufficient to derive a MRL proposal of 0.05 mg/kg (LOQ) for the intended use on shallots in northern Europe. Adequate analytical enforcement methods are available to control the residues of prothioconazole‐desthio in the commodity under consideration. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concludes that the proposed use of prothioconazole on shallots will not result in a consumer exposure exceeding the toxicological reference values and therefore is unlikely to pose a consumer health risk. However, the consumer risk assessment should be regarded as provisional since the possible contribution of the triazole derivative metabolites (TDMs) in the consumer risk assessment was not taken into consideration.
Anomalous diffusion and oscillations in an afterglow plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Diffusion and oscillations of a helium plasma are investigated in metal and glass chambers. The experiment is carried out in the range from 200 to 3000 G and from 0.02 to 0.1 torr. The plasma is produced by a pulsed electron beam and its diffusion coefficient across in the magnetic field is obtained from the spread-out time of ions to a Langmuir probe inserted off the central axis. The diffusion and oscillations in the metal chamber are quite similar to those in the glass chamber.
Thermal melting of density waves on the square lattice

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the theory of the effect of thermal fluctuations on commensurate\n"p x p" density wave ordering on the square lattice (p >= 3, integer). For the\ncase in which this order is lost by a second order transition, we argue that\nthe adjacent state is generically an incommensurate striped state, with\ncommensurate p-periodic long range order along one direction, and\nincommensurate quasi-long-range order along the orthogonal direction. We also\npresent the routes by which the fully disordered high temperature state can be\nreached. For p=4, and at special commensurate densities, the "4 x 4"\ncommensurate state can melt directly into the disordered state via a self-dual\ncritical point with non-universal exponents.\n
Dynamics of a Periodic Bluetongue Model with a Temperature-Dependent Incubation Period

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Bluetongue is a midge-borne disease that is transmitted by biting midges of the Culicoides family. In this paper, we propose a bluetongue model with seasonality and temperature-dependent incubation period. We introduce the basic disease reproduction ratio for the whole system $R_0$ and the basic disease reproduction ratio in the absence of sheep $\widetilde{R}_0$, and establish the threshold type results on the global dynamics in terms of $R_0$ and $\widetilde{R}_0$. More precisely, bluetongue persists in cattle and midges but it may eradicate the sheep if $R_0>1$ and $\widetilde{R}_0 >1$; the system admits a positive periodic solution, the disease is uniformly persistent in cattle, sheep, and midges, and bluetongue cannot eradicate the sheep if $R_0>1\geq \widetilde{R}_0$. Numerically, we study the bluetongue transmission case in France, and perform some sensitivity analysis of $R_0$. Our numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the analytic results.
The effect of MCCG compliance level on the likelihood of Malaysian firm financial distress

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine the effect of the Malaysia Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG) compliance on the likelihood of financial distress among Malaysian industrial firms. Secondary data from Datastream and manually collected data from annual report disclosed in Bursa Malaysia for 78 listed firms under the industrial sector from 2017 to 2021 with a sample of 390 firm-year observations, are used to self-construct corporate governance index. Binary coding score is constructed to measure MCCG compliance in the Malaysia Corporate Governance Index (MCGI). Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, regression model analysis on three models comprised of corporate governance element, mechanism, and self-constructed MCGI is used to examine the effectiveness of MCCG 2021 in mitigating financial distress on Malaysian PLCs. Using Binary Logistic Regression analysis, this study provides evidence that good corporate governance can also be achieved by adhering to the best practices proposed in MCCG 2021 as it positively reduces the likelihood of financial distress. MCCG 2021 provision is adequate for Malaysian firms to sustain their financial stability. This study enriches the literature on corporate governance by supporting that CG best practices reduce the level of financial distress in a listed firm. Interestingly, the appointment of senior independent directors, gender diversity, two-tier voting process elements, and risk management committees mechanism have negative significant relationship with the financial distress likelihood. These findings encourage listed companies in Malaysia to adhere to and implement good corporate governance practices guided by MCCG 2021, which has been proven to reduce the likelihood of financial difficulties and increase investor, regulatory, and stakeholder confidence. This research study is subject to several limitations. The observation period of the company year needs to be extended as this study involved only 35% of listed firms in the industrial sector in Malaysia.
QPOs from post-shock accretion column of strongly magnetized accreting white dwarfs

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An extended magnetosphere of a strongly magnetized accreting white dwarf (known as a polar) prevents the formation of an accretion disk and the matter is channelled to the magnetic pole(s). A few such sources show quasi-periodic oscillations in their optical light curves. These high-frequency oscillations are thought to be generated from the post-shock accretion column. The kinetic energy of the accretion flow is finally emitted from this post-shock region and the involved radiation processes decide the state of the matter. Here we study the structure and the dynamical properties of such accretion columns and compare the results with the observational characteristics.
Monoclonal antibodies provide specific intramolecular markers for the study of epithelial tonofilament organization.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The tonofilament-associated protein antigens recognized in epithelial cells by a group of six monoclonal antibodies have been studied by immunofluorescence and gel immunoautoradiography. The monoclonal antibodies were generated against detergent insoluble cytoskeleton extracts from a cultured simple epithelium derived cell line, Ptk1 cells. They show various tissue specificities, and while they all recognize components at the low end of the molecular weight range for intermediate filament proteins, they confirm that single antibody species can react with multiple polypeptides of different molecular weights in the tonofilament complex. The monoclonal antibodies described here demonstrate the presence of a simple epithelium antigenic determinant associated with intermediate filaments that is not detectable in the specialized cells of squamous and keratinizing epithelia but can reappear in such cells after transformation.
Recommendations for the Early Recognition and Prevention of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) commonly occur during or soon after the onset of puberty, which may preclude early recognition of the disorder, because the clinical expression of gonadal activation with pubertal development may bear close resemblance to that of PCOS. The single-most important finding is that of progressive hirsutism. Chronic anovulation is less reliable unless the pattern of menstrual irregularity persists beyond 2–3 years. Obesity does not appear to be an etiology for PCOS but may hasten the onset by virtue of associated insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Efforts to minimize the clinical features of PCOS in young adolescent girls depend on early diagnosis and timely suppression of excess ovarian androgen production.
Spam detection by using network and text embedding approaches

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Authenticity and reliability of the information spread over the cyberspace is becoming increasingly important, especially in e-commerce. This is because potential customers check reviews and customer feedbacks online before making a purchasing decision. Although this information is easily accessible through related websites, lack of verification of the authenticity of these reviews raises concerns about their reliability. Besides, fraudulent users disseminate disinformation to deceive people into acting against their interest. So, detection of fake and unreliable reviews is a crucial problem that must be addressed. In this study, we analyze and compare three different spam review detection approaches, DocRep, NodeRep and SPR2EP, that utilize review text only, network information only and the one that is proposed in this study that incorporates knowledge extracted from the textual content of the reviews with information obtained by exploiting the underlying reviewer-product network structure, respectively. One of the important contributions of this study is the proposed framework, SPR2EP, is that it benefits from both review text and network information. In SPR2EP approach, first, feature vectors are learned for each review, reviewer and product by utilizing state-of-the-art algorithms developed for learning document and node embeddings, and then these are fed into a classifier to identify opinion spam. It minimizes the feature engineering effort. The effectiveness of our framework approaches that utilize network embeddings over existing techniques on detecting spam reviews is demonstrated in three different data sets containing online reviews.
Factors Causing Health and Safety Hazards at Construction Sites

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Construction industry is prone to risk to health and safety hazards. Construction workers should have the knowledge of health and safety and apply the knowledge while working. The main objective of this paper was to review and to identify the factors that cause accidents at construction sites and the methods to improve health and safety. The review revealed that lack of awareness about site safety and negligence of workers in wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) were the main causes of poor safety practices. It is necessary to create employer’s and contractor’s interests in safety management and enhance awareness on possible risk factors to reduce these risk factors among workers. Effective implementation of training and safety awareness programs among construction workers is vital to improve health and safety of construction workers.
Effects of Strength Training on the Physical Fitness and Obesity of College Girls

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of strength training on physical fitness and body composition of college girl's students of District Peshawar.The selected participants were (N=70) girls' students of Govt Frontier College for Women, Peshawar.Eight weeks training schedule was adopted, (five days in a week) which comprises of different physical activities such as 30m race, 400m race, sit ups, skipping, matches of badminton and volley ball.A paired t-test was applied to examine the effect of training on body composition and physical fitness of college girls.Result showed that strength training significantly effects on bicep skin fold (P>0.01),hip girth (P>0.05),chest girth (P>0.04),30m race (P>0.08), and flexibility (P>0.04).It is concluded that strength training increases the physical fitness and reduces body fats of college girls and enhances the general strength of participated college girls.
A General Evaluation about the Medical Social Work in Turkey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Medical social work, which is one of the first application field of social work profession in Turkey dates back to fifty years. However, the development of the field has not progressed in parallel with this process. This study aims to evaluation the current situation of medical social work. Within this framework, an introduction was preluded about medical social work briefly, then the reasons why medical social work could not develop have been examined, and finally advices were presented about the configuration of the medical social work in Turkey. The study is intended to reveal the existing problems of medical social work and contribute to the solutions of these problems.
Bioguided Isolation of Alternariol Derivatives from Ficus-derived Endophyte Alternaria alternata

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Endophytes are a rich source of bioactive natural products and suggested to contribute to the biological or defense activities of their host plants. Following our research on the discovery of bioactive metabolites from endophytes, Alternaria alternata was isolated from the leaves of Ficus carica L. fam Moraceae.
Materials and Methods: Large scale cultivation of the endophytic strain was carried out and the obtained extract was subjected to preliminary screening of antifungal and cytotoxic activities.
Results: Promising antifungal and cytotoxic activities were obtained for the extract. Bio-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation and identification of four alternariol derivatives (alternariol, alternariol-5-O-sulphate, alternariol-5-O-methyl ether, alternariol-5-O-methyl ether-4`-O-sulphate). The isolated compounds were tested for antifungal and cytotoxic effects. Results revealed highest antifungal activity for alternariol against A. terreus (MIC= 2.64 μg mL-1) and F. oxysporum (MIC= 36 μg mL-1) while alternariol-5-O-methyl ether exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against K-562 (CC50= 3.72 μg mL-1) and HUVEC (CC50= 2.06 μg mL-1) cell lines.
Conclusion: All alternariol derivatives showed potent cytotoxic and antifungal activities against A. terreus suggesting the contribution of this endophyte in the known antimicrobial and anticancer activities of the host plant.
Implant retained auricular prosthesis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Prosthetic ears are created for patients with microtia, a congenital defect that affects 1 in 10,000 births, as well as patients that have ears removed due to cancer and trauma. The current standard for ear prostheses is osseointegrated abutments and either magnets or bar clip prosthetic attachments. Osseointegration is a technology that grew out of the dental industry and was effectively translated to other prosthetic applications. Defects of the external ear could be corrected using prosthetic reconstructions retained by implants. Implant retained auricular prosthesis eliminates the need for the adhesives and provides better retention compared to the conventional prosthesis. Bar and clip design is currently followed for retaining the ear prosthesis. Bars are fixed onto osseointegrated craniofacial implants through a surgery. Clips embedded in an acrylic housing are used to retain the prosthesis on the bars. The major problems in this method are the bulk of prosthesis that compromises the final cosmetic outcome and the loosening of the clips. Although several reconstructive techniques exist for the auricular defect, the use of implants to anchor auricular prosthesis presents a suitable alternative. This article presents a case of a right auricular defect, which was congenital for which two bone-anchored implants were placed. Hader bar with ERA attachments was used for retention of the silicone auricular prosthesis.
Returns to Scale Behavior and Manufacturing Agglomeration Economies in U.S. Urban Areas

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The returns to scale (RTS) parameter of urban production functions often has been used to test for the existence of agglomeration economies in urban areas. The production function has been viewed as a convenient device for bridging the gap between the theory of agglomeration and its measurement. Though the studies in this area recently have become much more refined, additional research has been needed in some of the more basic methodological and procedural issues connected with the empirical implementation of the production function approach. The principal objective of this study is to obtain a more accurate estimate ofRTS for the manufacturing sector of urban agglomerations in the U.S. The conclusion is that the economies of agglomeration may be more complex than originally thought and it may be fruitful to examine more closely the underlying factors involved.
Languages associated with saturated formations of groups. Forum Mathematicum

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Inapreviouspaper,theauthorshaveshownthatEilenberg’svariety theorem canbe extended to moregeneralstructures, called formations. In this paper, we give a general method to describe the languages correspondingto saturatedformationsofgroups,which arewidely studied in group theory. We recover in this way a number of known results about the languages corresponding to the classes of nilpotent groups, soluble groups and supersoluble groups. Our method also applies to new examples, like the class of groups having a Sylow tower. Warning. By default, all semigroups, monoids, and groups considered in this paper are finite or free. A few exceptions are explicitly stated. This paper is the second step of a programme aiming at exploring the connections between the formations of finite groups and regular languages. Thefirststepwas toextendEilenberg’scorrespondencetheorembetween varieties of monoids and varieties of languages [9] to the more general setting of formations. The result proved in [3] is quite similar to Eilenberg’s theorem: there in a bijective correspondence between formations of finite monoids and the so-called formations of languages. The question is now to effectively describe the languages corresponding to well-studied families of finite groups. Only a few cases have been investigated in the literature:
Rare Case of Primary Gastric Burkitt Lymphoma in a Child

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary gastric tumors are very rare in children. Burkitt lymphoma is a common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and gastric Burkitt lymphoma usually occurs in the aged. When involving the gastrointestinal tract, primary gastric Burkitt lymphoma is very rare in younger childhood. Many gastric lymphomas including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma are associated with Helicobacter pylori infection or acute bleeding symptom. We report a seven-year-old boy who presented with only some vomiting and postprandial pain. His upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy revealed a large primary Burkitt lymphoma with no acute bleeding and no evidence of H. pylori infection. After chemotherapy, he remains in remission.
Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate-dependent Protein Kinase from Adipose Tissue

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A procedure for partial purification of the adipose tissue adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase by substrate affinity chromatography is described. On the basis of specificity, apparent Km for ATP, pH dependence, metal ion requirement, and other properties, the enzyme showed a striking similarity to the protein kinases described in skeletal muscle and other tissues. Chromatography on casein-Sepharose columns in the presence of cAMP produced a cAMP-independent kinase. Gel filtration studies showed that this form had a molecular weight of approximately 42,000 as compared with 140,000 for the original cAMP-dependent enzyme. The adipose tissue cAMP-independent kinase was inhibited by a heat-stable muscle protein and by a preparation of muscle protein kinase regulatory subunit. The latter effect occurred only in the absence of cAMP. The cAMP-dependent and independent protein kinases were affected similarly by sodium chloride and potassium chloride and the direction of the effect was dependent on the substrate used. On the basis of the above findings and reports of results obtained with protein kinases from other tissues, it would appear that the adipose tissue cAMP-dependent protein kinase is composed of a regulatory (cAMP-binding) subunit and a cAMP-independent catalytic subunit. Lipolytic activity in adipose tissue homogenates is stimulated 2-fold in the absence of cAMP and in the presence of Mg2+ and ATP by the protein kinase catalytic subunit prepared from skeletal muscle. This stimulation is prevented if the muscle protein kinase regulatory subunit is also included in the incubation. The regulatory subunit added alone did not alter lipolytic activity significantly.