jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Climate Change and U.S.-Mexico Border Communities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While the U.S.-Mexico border has been called a "third country" and has been identified as a distinct region (Anzaldua 1987), the challenges it faces are due in large measure to its high degree of integration into global processes of economic and environmental change. The border region is characterized by a so-called "double exposure" (Leichenko and O'Brien 2008)—meaning that environmental change in the region is driven by accelerated processes of global economic integration (such as foreign-owned industries and international migration) coupled with intensive climate change. It is critical to understand the drivers of climate-related vulnerability and capacities for adaptation in the region in the context of the region's distinct history and contemporary challenges, shared climate regime, transboundary watersheds and airsheds, and interdependent economies and cultures.
Screening Amblyopic Risk Factors in a Pediatric Population Using an Automated Vision Screener

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Amblyopia is the most common visual disorder in children and is potentially curable if detected early and treated properly in the first few years of life. Amblyopia is the leading cause of monocular vision loss in children (Bradfield, 2013). It is a developmental neuroplasticity which derives from birth causing structural and functional changes in the eye and brain. With this structural and functional disruption, visual blur occurs due to refractive amblyopia, strabismic amblyopia, cataracts (form-deprivation amblyopia), or a combination of any of these (Solebo, Cumberland, & Rahi, 2015). Refractive errors related to amblyopia can also occur. The purpose of this evidence-based practice project was to determine if screening a pediatric population ages 9 months, 24 months, 36 months, and 48 months using an automated visual screener would affect the number of refractive errors detected. The Stetler Modelâs stepwise process for gathering sound evidence was used to guide this evidence-based practice project at a busy Midwest pediatric clinic. Anyone that failed the screening was referred to ophthalmology for further testing. Post-intervention group data were collected on patients from the designated age groups receiving visual screening during a well-child check-up by two designated providers over a three-month period. Pre-intervention group data were collected from electronic health records for patients in the same designated age group receiving a well-child check-up by the same two providers as post-intervention data over a three-month period. Data were analyzed using Pearsonâs Chi-Square Goodness of Fit test in an effort to show the sensitivity and specificity of the automated visual screener to screen for amblyopic risk factors. Of the total sample size (N = 322), there were 161 in the pre-implementation group and 161 in the post-implementation group. Results supported the PlusOptixâ¢ S12 vision screener in identifying more refractive errors than traditional visual exams performed during routine well child check-ups (Ï2 = 20.184a, p < 0.001, 99% CI).
Lifting representations of Z-groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let K be the kernel of an epimorphism G -> Z, where G is a finitely presented group. If K has infinitely many subgroups of index 2, 3, or 4, then it has uncountably many. Moreover, if K is the commutator subgroup of a classical knot group G, then any homomorphism from K onto the symmetric group S_2 lifts to a homomorphism onto S_3, and any homomorphism from K onto Z_3 lifts to a homomorphism onto the alternating group A_4.
Automating the Extraction and Activation of Web Service Credibility Measures - A Framework Design

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Web service credibility measurement techniques provide a professional and experiential assessment of web services to the user community. Unfortunately, existing web service credibility measures are limited to implementation by only web service stakeholders. Thus, they are usually limited to registered users or customers and not open to public voting and acquaintance. Existing techniques only allow internal user evaluation at the web service levels by using pre-specified inputs limited to specialized questionnaires or checklists to evaluate their services. In this paper, we propose a design model for automating crowd input incorporation in credibility measures of web services regardless of whether these services allow feedback from the user or not. Our design facilitates web service evaluation to every internet user openly at the web browser level, not only at the web service level. This model also allows the dissemination of credibility measures to the public through available and easy-access channels. This work will enable web authors, stakeholders, and innovators to claim or vote on authorship or ownership of information and impact their claims on the digital world. It also allows encapsulating and exchanging user experience and claims into credibility measures of web objects and facilitates them to internet users.
[Aneurysm of the membranous interventricular septum. Study by Doppler echocardiography (color mapping in one of the cases)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eight patients with aneurysm of the membranous interventricular septum (AMIS) were studied, in all of them the diagnosis was done by Doppler echocardiography (D-E). In all cases, the AMIS was visualized in left parasternal long and short axis views. In six of them by means of apical and subcostal four chamber views. The AMIS was identified as a bag-shaped echo at the level of the interventricular septum; it bulged into right ventricle during systole. Left-to-right shunt was demonstrated by pulsed wave Doppler in 5 patients and in another case with color flow mapping. AMIS has a mild hemodynamic repercussion as is the case with small ventricular septal defects. D-E offers diagnostic advantages, with high specificity if the AMIS is demonstrated in several views and the left-to-right shunt is recognized and quantified by Doppler technique.
Butylated caffeic acid: An efficient novel antioxidant

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A novel antioxidant, butylated caffeic acid (BCA) was rationally designed by adding a tert-butyl group to caffeic acid, which was synthesized at a high yield (36.2%) from 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol by a four-step reaction including Friedel-Crafts alkylation, bromine oxidation, ether bond hydrolysis and Knoevenagel condensation. Its antioxidant capacity was much stronger than common commercial antioxidant tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) and its mother compound, caffeic acid, in both rancimat and deep frying tests. When investigated via the DPPH method, the antioxidant capacity of BCA was almost equal to TBHQ, but lower than caffeic acid. BCA could be a potentially strong antioxidant, especially for food processing at high temperatures such as deep frying and baking.
Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load and Anthropometric Measurements in Adolescents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Diets containing foods that are low in glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) may influence especially the appetite and other body mechanisms that affect excessive weight gain in adolescence. This study was carried out to determine the relationship between dietary GI and GL and body weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in 14-18 year-old adolescents. Material and Methods: One thousand one hundred and four voluntary adolescents (469 girls and 635 boys) aged between 14-18 years were included in the study. GI and GL were calculated from a 24-hour dietary recall taken from individuals. Anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, BMI, WC) were also measured for all adolescents and evaluated using the WHO Growth Reference for 5-19 Years-2007. Results: According to the evaluation of BMI for age, prevalences of underweight, overweight and obesity were 13.6%, 17.3% and 3.8% in boys and 15.9%, 13.1% and 1.7% in girls, respectively. The dietary GI differed significantly between boys and girls and was higher in obese adolescents than in other BMI groups (p< 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between dietary GL based on BMI classification (p> 0.05). It was determined that in both genders the dietary GI was positively correlated with anthropometric measurements (p< 0.05), while the GL was found inversely correlated with body weight and height (p< 0.05). Conclusion: As a result a significant relationship was found between GI and anthropometric measurements. It is considered that a low GI diet may be useful in the prevention of obesity and subsequent chronic adulthood diseases in adolescents.
BRD4 PROTAC Degradation Agent GNE-987 Inhibits Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Targeting Super Enhancers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common hematological malignancy in children, with poor treatment effect and poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown that bromodomain and terminal protein inhibitors are promising antitumor drugs. As a new type of BRD4 PROTAC degradation agent, GNE-987 can slow down the growth rate of a variety of tumors and cause apoptosis, which has broad clinical prospects. However, the role of GNE-987 in AML is unclear. This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect of GNE-987 in AML and its underlying mechanism. Methods: By studying public databases, the prognostic significance of BRD4 and the correlation between AML were evaluated, and the relationship between BRD4 and the overall survival rate of AML patients was also analyzed. After adding GNE-987 to the AML cell line, cell proliferation slowed down, cycle disorder, and apoptosis increased. In the cells treated with GNE-987, western-blotting was used to detect BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and PARP proteins. The effect of GNE-987 on AML cells was analyzed in vivo. RNA-seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) confirmed the function and molecular pathway of GNE-987 in processing AML. Results: Compared with healthy donors, the expression of BRD4 in children's AML samples was higher than that of healthy donors. The high expression of BRD4 indicates a poor prognosis. GNE-987 inhibits AML cell proliferation by inhibiting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4 are consistent with the decreased expression of VHL in AML cells. Compared with JQ1 and ARV-825, GNE-987 has a lower IC50 in AML cells. In the AML xenograft model, GNE-987 significantly reduced the liver and spleen infiltration of leukemia cells, increased the survival time of mice, and caused BRD4, Ki67 dysregulation and caspase3 activation. According to the analysis of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq, GNE-987 can inhibit AML by targeting numerous super-enhancers. Conclusions: GNE-987 has strong anti-tumor activity in AML cell lines and primary child AML samples. GNE-987 works by degrading the BET protein, thereby effectively inhibiting the expression of super enhancers and related oncogenes (such as LYL1). These results indicate that GNE-987 has very broad prospects for the treatment of AML.
Elementary Teachers Experiences with Trauma-Informed Practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This qualitative study used in-depth interviews to understand teacher experiences implementing trauma informed practice (TIP) at an elementary school in the Midwestern U.S. School leaders had implemented a large-scale TIP effort a few years prior to the study. The study found that the interviewees supported and implemented TIP and perceived that most other teachers in the school did too. Interviewees also believed that although it was diminishing, resistance to TIP still existed among staff. Study findings indicate that social interaction among staff around TIP was important for its spread. Finally, because many of the instructional practices that make up TIP are not new, but rather practices already known in the field to be effective, our findings shed light on how repackaging and reframing instructional practices may help in instructional reform.
Two-stage Unsupervised Multiple Kernel Extreme Learning Machine

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As a powerful learning tool, Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) shows its merits in classification, regression and clustering by offering both high prediction accuracy and high learning speed. Among numerous ELM varieties, multiple kernel ELM draws intensive attention from researchers because it can leverage information from multiple heterogeneous sources, which is a common scenario in big data era. Despite remarkable efforts for supervised multiple kernel ELM, few publications have addressed the unsupervised case, which is more critical yet challenging for tackling realistic problem. In this paper, we address this problem by proposing a two-stage unsupervised multiple kernel extreme learning machine, which is suitable for fast multiple-view clustering. This approach learns the cluster and kernel combination weights alternatively. At the first stage, it generates cluster label based on a given combined kernel. Then, at the second stage, the kernel combination weights are learned by distance label based extreme learning machine based on the label generated at the previous stage. Experimental results on both synthetic and real data sets demonstrate its outstanding performance in term of both accuracy and learning speed.
Prophylactic co-trimoxazole in biliary surgery.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A double-blind study was conducted to test the prophylactic effect of a single dose of co-trimoxazole on the incidence of septic complications after elective cholecystectomy. Forty-eight patients received co-trimoxazole and 47 placebo. Wound sepsis occurred in 10 (21%) of the controls but in only 2 (4%) of the treated group, and the incidences of pulmonary complications were 49% (23 cases) and 19% (9) respectively. These differences were significnat. Wound sepsis after cholecystectomy occurs mostly in patients with infected bile. Co-trimoxazole given by intravenous infusion rapidly achieves a high concentration in the palsma and is effective against most biliary pathogens.
STUDY ON DYNAMIC LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF LINKAGE LADLE TURRET

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To meet the requirements of the structural dynamic designing the dynamic load characteristics of the linkage ladle turret under different impact loads are analyzed by simulating the load processes with computer, and the selection of the dynamic load factor is discussed. The dynamic load characteristics obtained in practice are in good agreement with theroretical ones, thus reliable bases for dynamic designing of the turret and the dynamic load factor selection are provided.
Evaluation of a multiplex PCR assay for detection of respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in oropharyngeal swab samples from outpatients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Respiratory viruses, such as influenza viruses, initially infect the upper airways but can manifest as severe lower respiratory tract infections in high‐risk patients with significant morbidity and mortality. For syndromic diagnosis, several multiplex nucleic acid amplification tests have been developed for clinics, of which SureX 13 Respiratory Pathogen Multiplex Kit (ResP) can simultaneously detect 13 pathogens directly from airway secretion specimens. The organisms identified are influenza virus A, influenza virus A pdmH1N1 (2009), influenza virus A H3N2, influenza virus B, adenovirus, boca virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydia . Methods This study provides performance evaluation data of this assay by comparing with pathogen‐specific PCRs from oropharyngeal swab samples. Results Ten pathogens were detected in this assay, of which rhinovirus, adenovirus, and influenza virus A pdmH1N1 (2009) were the most common. The overall agreement between the ResP and the comparator tests was 93.8%. The ResP demonstrated 86.5% agreement for positive results and 97.8% agreement for negative results. Conclusion The ResP assay demonstrated a highly concordant performance comparing with pathogen‐specific PCRs for detection of respiratory pathogens in oropharyngeal swabs from outpatients and could aid in the diagnosis of respiratory infections in a variety of clinical scenarios.
The effect of curricular activities on learner autonomy: the perspective of undergraduate mechanical engineering students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study researches how first-year engineering students perceived the influence of curricular activities on their own learning autonomy, measured with an adaptation of the Personal Responsibility Orientation to Self-direction in Learning Scale (PRO-SDLS). Participants were questioned to assess the influence of the teacher's role. The results indicate that learners' characteristics (motivation and self-efficacy) contribute more to learner autonomy (LA) than the teaching–learning transaction (control and initiative), as in the original PRO-SDLS validation. The most autonomous learners presented higher values in all LA components and dimensions, but the differences were greater in motivation and initiative. The participants with higher LA were not as dependent on the teacher, regarding assessment, the completion of classroom tasks and deadlines. Regardless of the degree of autonomy in learning, all participants viewed teachers as the main source of information. Therefore, LA plays an important role in teaching activities planning. Suggestions for adjustments and more flexible learning scenarios are formulated.
Festuca pratensis HUDS. APG 60646

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Festuca pratensis HUDS.
Common name(s): Fescue
Other names: HAM 315445
Conserved by: Australian Pastures Genebank of the South Australian Research and Development Institute (APG), Australia
Local sample unique identifier: APG 60646
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2016-01-18
Other identifiers: n/a,27505a, n/a,HAM 315445, n/a,PI 315445, n/a,ALP 2.3
Historical: No
Biological status: Advanced or improved cultivar
MLS status: Included
Identification of Zika Virus Inhibitors Using Homology Modeling and Similarity-Based Screening to Target Glycoprotein E

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The World Health Organization has designated Zika virus (ZIKV) as a dangerous, mosquito-borne pathogen that can cause severe developmental defects. The primary goal of this work was identification of small molecules as potential ZIKV inhibitors that target the viral envelope glycoprotein (ZIKV E) involved in membrane fusion and viral entry. A homology model of ZIKV E containing the small molecule β-octyl glucoside (BOG) was constructed, on the basis of an analogous X-ray structure from dengue virus, and >4 million commercially available compounds were computationally screened using the program DOCK6. A key feature of the screen involved the use of similarity-based scoring to identify inhibitor candidates that make similar interaction energy patterns (molecular footprints) as the BOG reference. Fifty-three prioritized compounds underwent experimental testing using cytotoxicity, cell viability, and tissue culture infectious dose 50% (TCID50) assays. Encouragingly, relative to a known control (NITD008), six compounds were active in both the cell viability assay and the TCID50 infectivity assay, and they showed activity in a third caspase activity assay. In particular, compounds 8 and 15 (tested at 25 μM) and compound 43 (tested at 10 μM) appeared to provide significant protection to infected cells, indicative of anti-ZIKV activity. Overall, the study highlights how similarity-based scoring can be leveraged to computationally identify potential ZIKV E inhibitors that mimic a known reference (in this case BOG), and the experimentally verified hits provide a strong starting point for further refinement and optimization efforts.
Strengthening agriculture-nutrition linkages to improve consumption of nutrient-dense perishable foods in India - existing evidence and way forward

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The triple burden of malnutrition in India is largely contributed by poor quality diets lacking adequate intake of nutrient dense perishable foods (NDPFs) - milk, eggs, fruits and vegetables. This is intriguing because India is one of the largest producers of NDPFs. This review examines possible reasons for this disparity. Poor post-harvest infrastructure, price volatility, unorganized supply chains, long-standing government policies favouring cereals and increasing consumer preference of convenience foods are identified as major reasons for the low intake of NDPFs. While nutrition-sensitive agriculture interventions appear promising to improve intakes of NDPF, stronger evidence is needed to scale up these interventions.
Interaction between the Labile Binding Site of Human C4 and Methylamine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human Complement component C4 was irreversibly inactivated by low concentrations of methylamine at slightly alkaline pH. The inactivated C4 molecules lost the ability to bind to FACT cells but retained the capacity to participate in the formation of classical pathway C3 convertase in the fluid phase. 14 C‐methylamine was incorporated into the α‐chain at a ratio of 1 mol methylamine per mol C4.
Supporting Pediatric Patients and Their Families during and after Intensive Care Treatment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter shows how the observations and recommendations in the adult intensive care unit (ICU) literature are relevant to the provision of services for pediatric intensive care patients and their families. Two relevant models of service currently in use in pediatric settings are presented, illustrated with clinical examples. Models of care in pediatrics have traditionally been more family-focused than those in adult settings. In the acute stage of medical treatment in the pediatric ICU, the emphasis, from a psychological perspective, is primarily preventative and initially focused on parental reactions at a time when the child is usually too unwell or sedated to communicate with directly. As the child’s condition stabilizes, delirium and associated frightening experiences should be addressed. Children may cope better if provided an age-appropriate storybook explaining what has happened. In the longer term, it is important to speak to children directly about their critical illness experiences, and to monitor children’s and parents’ emotional reactions over time. Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral and narrative therapies may be helpful.
Diffractive Dijet Production with a Leading Proton in ep Collisions at HERA

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The production of dijets with a tagged forward proton is measured at HERA. The data were recorded with the H1 detector at DESY in the years 2006-2007. Events with a leading proton are detected using the very forward proton spectrometer of the H1 detector. Two jets are selected with transverse momenta transverse momenta in the hadronic-centre-of-mass larger than 4 and 5.5GeV, respectively. The analysis is performed both in the regime of deep-inelastic scattering (DIS), with momentum transfer $Q{^2} > 4$ GeV${^2}$ and for photoproduction (γp), with $Q{^2} < 2$ GeV${^2}$. Cross sections are measured single-differentially in various kinematic quantities. For DIS, the data are found to be in good agreement with NLO QCD calculations based on diffractive parton densities determined from inclusive diffractive cross section measurements. For γp, the cross sections are found to be overestimated by approximately a factor of two.