jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Kynurenine and Hemoglobin as Sex-Specific Variables in COVID-19 Patients: A Machine Learning and Genetic Algorithms Approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Differences in clinical manifestations, immune response, metabolic alterations, and outcomes (including disease severity and mortality) between men and women with COVID-19 have been reported since the pandemic outbreak, making it necessary to implement sex-specific biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to identify sex-associated differences in COVID-19 patients by means of a genetic algorithm (GALGO) and machine learning, employing support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR) for the data analysis. Both algorithms identified kynurenine and hemoglobin as the most important variables to distinguish between men and women with COVID-19. LR and SVM identified C10:1, cough, and lysoPC a 14:0 to discriminate between men with COVID-19 from men without, with LR being the best model. In the case of women with COVID-19 vs. women without, SVM had a higher performance, and both models identified a higher number of variables, including 10:2, lysoPC a C26:0, lysoPC a C28:0, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, lactic acid, cough, fever, anosmia, and dysgeusia. Our results demonstrate that differences in sexes have implications in the diagnosis and outcome of the disease. Further, genetic and machine learning algorithms are useful tools to predict sex-associated differences in COVID-19.
Processing of copper (I) oxide waste into powders of copper and copper-nickel alloys by SCS method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The possibility of obtaining copper and copper-nickel alloys powders of various compositions by the solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method using copper (I) oxide waste was studied. To achieve complete reduction of metals, combustion laws in the Cu(NO3)2-C6H8O7-NH4NO3 and Cu(NO3)2-Ni(NO3)2-C6H8O7-NH4NO3 systems were investigated at various fuel-to-oxidizer ratio and for different ratios of metal nitrates and ammonium nitrate in the initial mixture. It has been established that powdered copper and copper-nickel alloys of various composition can be obtained by solution combustion synthesis method with using copper (I) oxide waste. Optimum conditions for obtaining powdered copper and copper-nickel alloys with 2/1 and 1/1 ratios have been determined. Under optimal conditions, powders of copper, 2Cu-Ni and Cu-Ni alloys with particle size less than 20 microns were obtained. Ուսումնասիրվել է լուծույթների այրմամբ սինթեզի (ԼԱՍ) եղանակով պղնձի (I) օք-սիդային թափոնի վերամշակման և դրանից պղնձի ու պղինձ-նիկել տարբեր բաղադրության համաձուլվածքների փոշիներ ստանալու հնարավորությունը: Մետաղների ամբողջական վերականգնման համար ուսումնասիրվել են այրման օրինաափությունները Cu(NO3)2-C6H8O7-NH4NO3 և Cu(NO3)2-Ni(NO3)2-C6H8O7-NH4NO3 համակարգերում` վառելիք-օքսիդիչի () և մետաղների ու ամոնիումի նիտրատների տարբեր հարաբերակցությամբ ելային խառնուրդներ: Պարզվել է, որ մետաղական պղնձի և տարբեր բաղադրությամμ պղինձ-նիկել համաձուլվածքների փոշիներ կարելի է ստանալ լուծույթների այրմամբ սինթեզի եղանակով` օգտագործելով պղնձի (I) օքսիդային թափոնը: Որոշվել են մետաղների նիտրատներից պղնձի և 2/1 ու 1/1 հարաբերակցությամբ պղինձ-նիկել համաձուլվածքների փոշիների ստացման օպտիմալ պայմանները ըստ ելային խառնուրդի բաղադրության: Օպտիմալ պայմաններում ստացվել են 20 միկրոնից փոքր մասնիկների չափսով պղնձի և 2Cu-Ni ու Cu-Ni համաձուլվածքների փոշիներ: Исследована возможность получения порошков меди и медно-никелевых сплавов различного состава методом синтеза горением растворов (СГР) с использованием отходов оксида меди (I). Для достижения полного восстановления металлов исследованы закономерности горения в системах Cu(NO3)2-C6H8O7-NH4NO3 и Cu(NO3)2-Ni(NO3)2-C6H8O7-NH4NO3 при различных соотношениях топ-ливоокислитель, нитратов металлов и аммония в исходной смеси. Установлено, что порошки меди и медно-никелевых сплавов различного состава могут быть получены методом синтеза горения растворов с использованием отходов оксида меди (I). Определены оптимальные условия получения порошков меди и медно-никелевых сплавов с соотношением 2/1 и 1/1 из нитратов металлов. В оптимальных условиях были получены порошки меди, сплавов 2Cu-Ni и Cu-Ni состава с размером частиц менее 20 мкм.
Distribution and abundance of the New Zealand fur seal and their interactions with humans along the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand : dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Diploma in Parks and Recreation Management, Lincoln College

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Increased emphasis is being placed on the passive viewing of wildlife in its natural setting for recreational, educational and economic purposes. Within New Zealand the New Zealand fur seal Antocephalus forsteri (Lesson, 1828) is one of our few native animals suited to this activity. A survey was carried out from August 1986 to February 1987 on the distribution and abundance of the fur seal along the West Coast of the South Island from Haast to Karamea and the interaction between visitors and seals was studied. The fur seal population showed an increase of 11.9 percent since the previous survey and a new colony was identified. This information along with visitor information was then used to assess the impact humans are having on seals and what possible effect this could have on the seal resource. Maximum actual disturbance occurs when visitors walk through the midst of a colony but it is not known how this affects population numbers.
Nontracking antenna performance for inertially controlled spacecraft using TDRSS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A series of tests to validate an antenna pointing concept for spin-stabilized satellites using a data relay satellite is described. These tests show that proper antenna pointing on an inertially stabilized spacecraft can lead to significant access time through the relay satellite even without active antenna pointing. We summarize the test results, the simulations to model the effects of antenna pattern and space loss, and the expected contact times. We also show how antenna beam width affects the results.
Clinical impact of Wnt5a expression on persistence of acute kidney injury in patients with urosepsis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abnormal Wnt5a expression is associated with dysregulated inflammation and organ dysfunction. However, the effect of Wnt5a activation on the duration of organ dysfunction remains unclear. This prospective study investigated the association between Wnt5a levels and persistent acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with urosepsis. Serum creatinine and Wnt5a levels were measured on days 1 and 5 and at discharge in 87 patients diagnosed with urosepsis. Patients with urosepsis were classified into an improving acute kidney injury (AKI) group and a persistent or worsening AKI group according to the AKI stage on days 1 and 5. AKI recovery was defined as a discharge-to-baseline serum creatinine ratio of <1.5. Twenty-eight patients with urosepsis (32.2%) had persistent or worsening AKI, and their Wnt5a levels were higher on days 1 and 5 and at discharge than those with improving AKI. The association between Wnt5a levels and persistent or worsening AKI was maintained after adjusting for age, sex, baseline serum creatinine levels, and disease severity. Moreover, elevated Wnt5a levels were associated with an increased risk of major adverse kidney events. High Wnt5a levels at discharge were associated with unrecovered AKI and participants with AKI recovery had a steeper Wnt5a slope over time than those without recovery, irrespective of age, sex, baseline serum creatinine level, or disease severity. Assessment of Wnt5a expression was helpful in predicting AKI persistence and adverse outcomes in patients with urosepsis. Therefore, Wnt5a may serve as a valuable bio-marker for identifying the risk of persistence of AKI.
Accreditation standard for pharmacy residency in a hospital: Approved by the Board of Directors American Society of Hospital Pharmacists April 11, 1970

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Accreditation standard for pharmacy residency in a hospital: Approved by the Board of Directors American Society of Hospital Pharmacists April 11, 1970 Get access American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 28, Issue 3, 1 March 1971, Pages 189–190, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/28.3.189 Published: 01 March 1971
Minimum Clearance Time on the Prioritized Integrated Evacuation Network

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The evacuation planning problem can be viewed as different variants of dynamic flow maximization and time minimization problems. An optimal solution to the latter problem sends a given amount of flow from disaster zones to safe zones in minimum time. We solve this problem on an embedded integrated network of a prioritized primary and a bus-routed secondary sub-networks. For a lexicographically maximum (lex-max) dynamic flow problem, we are given a time horizon and a prioritized network, where we need a feasible dynamic flow that lexicographically maximizes the flow amount leaving each terminal respecting the priority. Here, we use the quickest transshipment partial arc reversal strategy to collect the evacuees in minimum time from the disaster zones to the pickup locations of the primary sub-network. By treating such pickup locations as sources, the available set of transit-buses is assigned in the secondary sub-network to shift the evacuees finally to the sinks on the first-come-first-serve basis. This novel approach proposed here is better suited for the simultaneous flow of evacuees with minimum waiting delay at such pickup locations in the integrated evacuation network topology. The lane reversal strategy significantly reduces the evacuation time, whereas reversing them only partially has an additional benefit that the unused road capacities can be used for supplying emergency logistics and allocating facilities as well.
Efficacy of rehabilitation interventions evaluated in common neurological conditions in improving participation outcomes: A systematic review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective Modern clinical rehabilitation practice aligned to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities highlights the importance of attention to participation in the rehabilitation formulation. This systematic review investigates the efficacy of rehabilitation interventions evaluated in common neurological disorders reported to influence participation outcomes. Data sources PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to 25 April 2023. Only randomised controlled trials were considered for inclusion. Review methods The data were extracted by two independent reviewers in the following categories: characteristics of the included study publications, description of intervention and outcome measures. Results A total of 1248 unique article records were identified through the databases. Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials were included with 15 publications having participation as a primary outcome measure. Articles were related to multiple sclerosis ( N = 4), spinal cord injury ( N = 2), stroke ( N = 16) and traumatic brain injury ( N = 6). Four publications showed significant differences in pre- and post-intervention within experimental groups. All four articles described participation as primary outcome measure. Conclusion There is a limited evidence of the identified rehabilitation interventions to improve participation in common neurological conditions. However, there was a paucity of articles involving individual with Parkinson's disease that met the inclusion criteria.
Similarity Parameter of Rotationally Skew Fold Membrane for Spinning Solar Sail

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The similarity parameter of deployable membrane for solar sail systems is examined theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical similarity parameter is derived with large deformation theorem of rotating circular plate and expressed by the geometrical parameters as the radius and folding pitches, and the material properties, and the spinning rate. The similarity parameter is examined by the experimental results for the scaled model. Finally, the results indicated that the similarity parameter was proportional to the radius and the folding pitch.
Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19 antigen tests: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to affect countries worldwide. To inhibit the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), testing of patients, contact tracing, and quarantine of their close contacts have been used as major nonpharmaceutical interventions. The advantages of antigen tests, such as low cost and rapid turnaround, may allow for the rapid identification of larger numbers of infectious persons. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Biomed Central databases from inception to January 2, 2021. Studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of antigen testing for SARS-CoV-2 with reference standards were included. We included studies that provided sufficient data to construct a 2 × 2 table on a per-patient basis. Only articles in English were reviewed. Summary sensitivity and specificity for antigen tests were generated using a random-effects model. Results: Fourteen studies with 8624 participants were included. The meta-analysis for antigen testing generated a pooled sensitivity of 79% (95% CI, 66%-88%; 14 studies, 8624 patients) and a pooled specificity of 100% (95% CI, 99%-100%; 14 studies, 8624 patients). The subgroup analysis of studies that reported specimen collection within 7 days after symptom onset showed a pooled sensitivity of 95% (95% CI, 78%-99%; four studies, 1342 patients) and pooled specificity of 100% (95% CI, 97%-100%; four studies, 1342 patients). Regarding the applicability, the patient selection, index tests, and reference standards of studies in our meta-analysis matched the review title. Conclusion: Antigen tests have moderate sensitivity and high specificity for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Antigen tests might have a higher sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 within 7 days after symptom onset. Based on our findings, antigen testing might be an effective method for identifying contagious individuals to block SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
A Neutrino-Factory Muon Storage Ring to Provide Beams for Multiple Detectors Around the World

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We briefly discuss the physics motivation for a neutrino factory with varying baseline distances of about 1000 to 9000 km. We describe the amount of non planarity of the storage ring required to service three or four detectors at once. A novel bowtie storage ring is described that could in part provide these beams; a preliminary lattice design is given. We give the space angles between the various detector locations and possible sites for neutrino factories. Finally we describe detectors at the Gran Sasso Laboratory and at a new laboratory near Carlsbad, NM to observe the neutrino interactions with wrong sign leptons.
CRITICAL HEAT FLUX IN SUBCOOLED POOL BOILING

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To understand the mechanism of subcooled CHF(Critical Heat Flux), the experiment of pool boiling of water was conducted on a cooper heated surface at subcooled conditions under atmospheric pressure. CHF increases with subcooling and agree well with available empirical correlations of Zuber et al., Kutateladze, and Ivey and Morris. At low subcooling less than 55 K, a vapor mass was formed to cover the heated surface and the critical condition is understood basing on the macrolayer consumption model of Katto and his coworkers by employing newly defined time period for macrolayer consumption and by assuming that the initial dry area fraction of the heated surface depends on CHF. At high subcooling more than 55K, it was found that a vapor mass hardly cover the heated surface, so the macrolayer model is difficult to apply from its physical basis. The mechanism of CHF remains unknown in the present study.
MODIFICATION DE L'INTROCEPTION CARDIAQUE ET DE LA RÉACTIVITÉ AU STRESS PAR LA STIMULATION DU RÉSEAU INTÉROCEPTIONNEL

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Interoception, the ability to perceive and interpret internal bodily signals, plays a crucial role in emotion regulation, stress responses, and overall well-being. Despite increasing interest in interoceptive processes, significant gaps remain in understanding their neural mechanisms, plasticity, and modulation by external factors such as brain stimulation and stress. This dissertation explores interoceptive plasticity by investigating how Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS) and acute stress influence interoceptive accuracy (IAc) and interoceptive attention (IAt), two distinct dimensions of interoception. IAc refers to an individual’s objective ability to perceive bodily signals, whereas IAt is reflected in the amplitude of heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEPs), which represent the neural response to cardiac signals. Additionally, this work aimed to refine the current theoretical models of interoception by examining the cortical sources of HEPs and their temporal dynamics. Three studies were conducted. (1) The first aimed to investigate the effects of different TBS protocols —facilitatory intermittent TBS (iTBS), inhibitory continuous TBS (cTBS), and control intermediate TBS (imTBS)—on IAc and HEPs amplitude. (2) The second assessed how acute stress (SECPT) modulates interoceptive dimensions whether the same TBS protocols could have an impact on stress responsiveness. (3).The third mapped the cortical generators of HEPs using source estimation to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of interoceptive processing under different conditions: spontaneous processing and attention-focused heartbeat perception. Findings from the first study revealed that iTBS selectively enhanced IAt without affecting IAc, suggesting that interoceptive attention and accuracy rely on distinct neural mechanisms. The second study further supported this idea, showing that acute stress increased IAt (higher HEP amplitudes) but did not improve IAc. The unique whole-brain source analysis conducted in the last study revealed that interoceptive processing is distributed across multiple cortical regions, suggesting a progressive transformation of interoceptive signals, from early automatic processing to late-stage conscious and multisensory integration. Taken together, these findings challenge existing deterministic vs. probabilistic models, proposing instead a hybrid model where interoceptive predictions unfold dynamically across time and cortical networks. This dissertation provides novel insights into interoceptive plasticity, demonstrating that interoceptive processes can be selectively modulated by neuromodulation and stress, emphasizing their dynamic and adaptable nature. By integrating neural, temporal, and cognitive perspectives, these findings contribute to the refinement of theoretical models of interoception and highlight the need for developing therapeutic interventions to address stress-related disorders.
Integrating the youth into the life and work of the church through education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although quite a few images or phrases are used in the Bible to describe the church, we shall use only two in this presentation, namely: the church as body of Christ (Rm 12:4-5; 1 Cr 12:12 f, Cl 1:24; Eph 4:11) and as flock of God (Jn 10:1-18; 1 Pt 5:2).
Adoption of Green Operation Strategies and Best Practices in the Era of Sustainable Development Goals: Study of Public Limited Hospitals in Indonesia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This research aims to identify best practices for implementing green (environmental friendly) operations strategies in hospitals. A total of 9 public l limited hospital companies in Indonesia were investigated. The data source is the annual sustainability report taken from the publication of Sustainability Reporting on Index (GRI) and the implementation of POJK 03/51/2017. This research adopts a quantitative content analysis method of sustainability reports accompanied by qualitative as well as evaluative analysis. The findings of this research found 4 main taxonomies of green operations strategies in hospitals, namely good waste management, waste prevention, water and wastewater management, energy conversion, and emission reduction. This research is the preliminary research regarding best practice environmentally friendly operating strategies at public l limited hospitals in Indonesia with the support of sustainability report data implemented in 2018 in Indonesia based on POJK 51 of 2017 regulations, this is an important issue in the development of further research where in the future research will also can link the other two pillars of sustainability to find the relationship between environmental performance and social or financial performance.
In dividual participant data meta-analysis of trials comparing f r o zen versus f r esh e m bryo transfer strategy (INFORM): a protocol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Existing randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing a freeze-all embryo transfer strategy and a fresh embryo transfer strategy have shown conflicting results. A freeze-all or a fresh transfer policy may be preferable for some couples undergoing in-vitro fertilisation (IVF), but it is unclear which couples would benefit most from each policy, how and under which protocols. Therefore, we plan a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of RCTs comparing a freeze-all and a fresh transfer policy. Methods and analysis We will search electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and CENTRAL) and trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) from their inception to present to identify eligible RCTs. We will also check reference lists of relevant papers. The search was performed on 23 September 2020 and will be updated. We will include RCTs comparing a freeze-all embryo transfer strategy and a fresh embryo transfer strategy in couples undergoing IVF. The primary outcome will be live birth resulting from the first embryo transfer. All outcomes listed in the core outcome set for infertility research will be reported. We will invite the lead investigators of eligible trials to join the In dividual participant data meta-analysis of trials comparing f r o zen versus f r esh e m bryo transfer strategy (INFORM) collaboration and share the deidentified individual participant data (IPD) of their trials. We will harmonise the IPD and perform a two-stage meta-analysis and examine treatment–covariate interactions for important baseline characteristics. Ethics and dissemination The study ethics have been granted by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (Project ID: 30391). The findings will be disseminated via presentations at international conferences and publication in peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021296566.