jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Understanding Nanomaterials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Understanding nanomaterials is a training tool for the future workforce in nanotech development. Significant research employing nanomaterials has been conducted in the field of nanotechnology over the past few years. Nanomaterials are cornerstones of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Due to great potential to provide societal benefits, nanostructured materials are a topical focus for researchers and worldwide. Nanomaterials have special optical, magnetic, electrical, physical, reactivity, strength, surface area, sensitivity, and stability features. Nanomaterials are usually considered to be materials with at least one external dimension that measures 100 nanometres. The aim of this chapter is to enable researchers to understand in an easy and more rapid manner the state of the art, and thereby develop relevant new information for the research and development communities. This chapter is followed by (i) introduction, (ii) classification of nanomaterials, (iii) applications of nanomaterials, and (iv) future aspects and challenges of nanomaterials.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 52 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "HasCoordinate is true", "TaxonKey is Ovis orientalis Gmelin, 1774", "HasGeospatialIssue is false" ] } The dataset includes 52 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0010822-190320150433242/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
The potential of GPT-4 advanced data analysis for radiomics-based machine learning models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore the potential of the Advanced Data Analytics (ADA) package of GPT-4 to autonomously develop machine learning models (MLMs) for predicting glioma molecular types using radiomics from MRI. Methods Radiomic features were extracted from preoperative MRI of n = 615 newly diagnosed glioma patients to predict glioma molecular types (IDH-wildtype vs IDH-mutant 1p19q-codeleted vs IDH-mutant 1p19q-non-codeleted) with a multiclass ML approach. Specifically, ADA was used to autonomously develop an ML pipeline and benchmark performance against an established handcrafted model using various MRI normalization methods (N4, Zscore, and WhiteStripe). External validation was performed on 2 public glioma datasets D2 (n = 160) and D3 (n = 410). Results GPT-4 achieved the highest accuracy of 0.820 (95% CI = 0.819-0.821) on the D3 dataset with N4/WS normalization, significantly outperforming the benchmark model’s accuracy of 0.678 (95% CI = 0.677-0.680) (P &lt; .001). Class-wise analysis showed performance variations across different glioma types. In the IDH-wildtype group, GPT-4 had a recall of 0.997 (95% CI = 0.997-0.997), surpassing the benchmark’s 0.742 (95% CI = 0.740-0.743). For the IDH-mut 1p/19q-non-codel group, GPT-4’s recall was 0.275 (95% CI = 0.272-0.279), lower than the benchmark’s 0.426 (95% CI = 0.423-0.430). In the IDH-mut 1p/19q-codel group, GPT-4’s recall was 0.199 (95% CI = 0.191-0.206), below the benchmark’s 0.730 (95% CI = 0.721-0.738). On the D2 dataset, GPT-4’s accuracy was significantly lower (P &lt; .001) than the benchmark’s, with N4/WS achieving 0.668 (95% CI = 0.666-0.671) compared with 0.719 (95% CI = 0.717-0.722) (P &lt; .001). Class-wise analysis revealed the same pattern as observed in D3. Conclusions GPT-4 can autonomously develop radiomics-based MLMs, achieving performance comparable to handcrafted MLMs. However, its poorer class-wise performance due to unbalanced datasets shows limitations in handling complete end-to-end ML pipelines.
The Impact of Own, Rival and Market Effects on Real Estate Private Equity Fund Performance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Real estate private equity has become an increasingly favored asset class for institutional investors. This topic is important to academic researchers and industry professionals because it constitutes a large part of the global economy. This research paper will lay out a brief background of the real estate private equity industry and will explore the factors affecting real estate private equity fund performance through the lens of three factors: own effects, rival effects and market effects. The findings and implications from the above analysis will be examined and opined upon. This field is particularly interesting because relatively little research has been done on the real estate private equity landscape, given the limited data that is publically available. The majority of research has been focused on public real estate equities, as it composes a larger portion of the overall economy and is accessible to both professional and retail investors.
Are cyclic lipopeptides produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S13-3 responsible for the plant defence response in strawberry against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study tries to determine whether biocontrol of phytopathogens by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in strawberry can be connected to induced plant resistance. The results suggested that the antagonistic strain B. amyloliquefaciens S13-3 confers resistance to strawberry through the production of lipopeptide antibiotics.
Improved Simulations of Astrophysical Plasmas: Computation of New Dielectronic Recombination Data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Here we recap the works of two posters presented at the 2002 NASA Laboratory Astrophysics Workshop. The first was Shortcomings of the R-Matrix Method for Treating Dielectronic Recombination. The second was Computation of Dielectronic Recombination Data for the Oxygen-Like Isoelectronic Sequence.(Shortcomings of the R-Matrix Method for Treating Dielectronic Recombination) By performing new radiation-damped R-matrix scattering calculations for the photorecombination of Fe17+ forming Fe16+, we demonstrate and discuss the difficulties and fundamental inaccuracies associated with the R-matrix method for treating dielectronic recombination (DR). Our new R-matrix results significantly improve upon earlier R-matrix Results for this ion. However, we show theoretically that all R-matrix methods are unable to account accurately for the phenomenon of radiative decay followed by autoionization. For Fe17+, we demonstrate numerically that this results in an overestimate of the DR cross section at the series limit, which tends to our analytically predicted amount of 40%. We further comment on the need for fine resonance resolution and the inclusion of radiation damping effects. Overall, slightly better agreement with experiment is still found with the results of perturbative calculations, which are computationally more efficient than R-matrix calculations by more than two orders of magnitude. TWG was supported in part by NASA Space Astrophysics Research and Analysis Program grant NAG5-10448. NRB was supported by UK PPARC grant PPA/G/S/1997/00783. DWS was supported in part by NASA Space Astrophysics Research and Analysis Program grant NAG5-5261.(Computation of Dielectronic Recombination Data for the Oxygen-Like Isoelectronic Sequence) We have systematically calculated rate coefficients for dielectronic recombination (DR) along the oxygen-like sequence. A recent benchmarking of DR resonance strength and energies between our theoretical techniques and the experimental results from the Test Storage Ring in Heidelberg has already shown fairly good agreement for the most highly-ionized oxygen-like system we consider here, DR of Fe XIX forming Fe XVIII. At the low-charge end of this isoelectronic sequence, we benchmark our results using F II DR data which are determined from measured neutral fluorine photoionization measurements and the principle of detailed balance. To assess the reliability of our calculations for intermediate Oxygen-like ionization stages, we compare between theoretical R-matrix and perturbative results. All calculations have been performed in intermediate-coupling, so that fine structure effects are incorporated. Furthermore, both Δ n=0 and Δ n>0 core transitions are included in order to span a higher temperature range. Final-state-resolved rate coefficients and total rate coefficients have been tabulated, and these data are available in either format from our web site.
Hafif Raylı Sistem (HRS) Güzergâh Problemi Çözümüne Yönelik Çok Kriterli-CBS Destekli Yaklaşım: Gebze-Darıca HRS Örneği

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this study, an approach has been developed in the route planning of Light Rail Transit, which is one of the optimum solutions for cities experiencing problems arising from automobile-oriented transportation planning. This modern approach that uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process, which is one of the most frequently used methods of Multi-Criteria Decision Making, and Geographic Information Systems tools together. The aim of the study is to determine the optimum routes in the north-south direction, similarly to Light Rail Transit route under construction between Gebze and Darıca, the districts of Kocaeli. In the Analytical Hierarchy Process, survey results from experts belonging to the most suitable criteria for the region are processed with Expert Choice and converted into criterion weights. Gebze-Darıca Light Rail System Suitability Map was created as a result of the integration of these criteria weights into the Geographical Information Systems computer program ArcGIS’s data generation and data conversion from the required data. The Light Rail Transit route under construction was placed on this map and the accuracy of both this route and the model established in this study were tested. In the last part of the study, three stages were presented as suggestions on this suitability map.
The Step Transition Doctrine: What Factors Will Affect The Courts Decision?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Logit analysis was used to evaluate the factors considered by the Tax Court in deciding step transaction doctrine cases. Using a sample of 117 Tax Court cases, a logit model was estimated based upon eight variables. The existence of a preconceived plan and the economic interdependence of the steps were identified as the variables mostly likely to affect the decision of the Tax Court.
'The Utmost Economy of Musical Material:' Structural Elements in the Works of Gorecki from Refrain (1965) to Ad Matrem (1971)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Analytical report presented examines five major works by Gorecki between 1965 and 1971 from Refrain to Ad Mattrem. These five works retain many traces of Gorecki's interest in serial technique and clusters during the late fifties and early sixties.
The Role of Logistics in Responsible Consumption and Production

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter aims to emphasize the crucial role of logistics in promoting responsible consumption and production practices, a core objective of Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12). It explores the significant contributions of green manufacturing, green procurement, and reverse logistics to sustainability initiatives by reducing environmental impacts and optimizing resource use. Green manufacturing (GM) practices focus on efficient raw material management and waste reduction, significantly lowering carbon footprints. Green procurement (GP) encourages consumers to choose environmentally conscious products, fostering sustainable supply chain development. Reverse logistics (RL) enhances sustainable consumption and production by managing recycling activities and redistributing products to secondary markets, thus emphasizing the importance of logistics in these processes.
Using Kites for Meteorological Measurement of the Tropical Marine Boundary Layer.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Kite-based platforms to measure atmospheric properties have been used for centuries. With rapid development of new miniaturized sensor technology, kites may once again be utilized in atmospheric research. In this study, kites are found to be advantageous due to their low cost and capability for long-duration, continuous flights, which enable long-duration in-situ observation. We use our strategic location on the island of O‘ahu in Hawai‘i to make meteorological measurements of the steady incoming trade wind flow from the windward coast. Incoming marine air is measured from the coastline with instruments tethered to a kite string, giving information on trade wind flow properties, such as air temperature and humidity, for use in studying the marine boundary layer. We observe high-resolution vertical profiles and horizontal temporal variations of the atmospheric temperature and humidity. Temporal and vertical variation can also be observed by flying multiple instruments simultaneously at different heights within the marine boundary layer. Using a kite platform, we observe small-scale, strongly anticorrelated temperature and humidity perturbations at constant altitudes greater than 300 m above sea level. These anticorrelated variations are hypothesized to be important for convective initiation, following Nugent and Smith (2014).
Toward a Social Smart‐contract?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The blockchain paradigm is the paradigm of non-centralization and disintermediation by digital means/technology as such. The idea of a social smart-contract corresponds to a new possibility for democratic expression, allowed by the certification and timestamping of actions performed in interaction with open source algorithms running on non-centralized networks. The blockchain makes it possible to renew the participation and voting systems, in particular by making certain forms of representation obsolete and potentially limiting manipulations during the counting of the votes cast. The Estonian e-Residency project is the first digital “citizenship”. The objective of this project is to provide fully dematerialized administrative services and to partially open Estonian citizenship and the benefits of Estonia's membership of the European Union to citizens of other countries. As blockchain is a registry technology, it is by its nature adapted to the administrative activity of registration and filing.
Sagittal Plane Lumbar Responses after Anterior Selective Thoracic Fusion for Main Thoracic Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sagittal and coronal motions were co-related; optimal sagittal motions were necessary for optimal coronal motions after anterior selective thoracic fusion for MT AIS. Proximal and distal lumbar motions were different for different roles; the proximal lumbar area played a role as a bumper to absorb the MT translatory force, and the distal lumbar area played a role of resistance against MT translation.
385. Inhibiting the Myostatin Signaling Pathway using CRISPR/Cas9-Based Repressors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Inhibition of myostatin signaling is a potential method to enhance skeletal muscle growth and has been proposed as a strategy to treat muscle weakness associated with sarcopenia, cachexia, and muscular dystrophies. Current approaches under clinical investigation for inhibiting the myostatin pathway rely on systemic administration of soluble factors, including myostatin blocking antibodies and soluble myostatin receptors. Treatment with these protein-based inhibitors has led to enhanced muscle mass in mouse models of muscular dystrophy and cachexia, but has demonstrated limited efficacy and some adverse side effects in subsequent clinical trials. We hypothesized that a targeted gene regulation strategy to localize inhibition of the myostatin pathway to skeletal muscle fibers may increase the effectiveness and safety of this therapy. The RNA-guided CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as a promising platform for targeted gene regulation. Fusion of catalytically inactive, "dead" Cas9 (dCas9) to the Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) domain generates a synthetic repressor capable of highly specific silencing of target genes. dCas9-KRAB repressors can be employed in gene therapy to silence detrimental gene products, repress oncogenes, inhibit viral replication, and treat dominant negative diseases. However, gene delivery of dCas9-KRAB to skeletal muscle in vivo is challenging because the size of the S. pyogenes dCas9 and KRAB domain fusion exceeds the packaging limit of standard AAV vectors. Recently, a smaller Cas9 protein derived from S. aureus was described for AAV delivery and in vivo gene editing. We generated a S. aureus dCas9-KRAB fusion and targeted the myostatin receptor, Acvr2b, for silencing. In cultured mouse myoblasts, S. aureus dCas9-KRAB potently repressed Acvr2b expression by qPCR and resulted in reduced myotube formation following differentiation compared to controls. The S. aureus dCas9-KRAB repressor was packaged into AAV vectors and expressed efficiently in vitro in cultured myoblasts and in vivo following direct injection into the mouse tibialis anterior muscle. Ongoing studies will determine the effects of transcriptional silencing of Acvr2b on myotube diameter in vitro and the efficiency of Acvr2b silencing achieved by engineered dCas9-KRAB repressors in vivo. These studies establish how transcriptional modulation with the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used to investigate potential therapeutic gene targets for treating neuromuscular disorders.
Contracting Practices for the Use and Operations of DoD-Sponsored Federally Funded Research and Development Centers.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This audit was performed in response to direction contained in House Report No. 102-95 "Department of Defense Appropriations Bill, 1992," that the Inspector General, DoD, examine the use of DoD federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs). This report is the third in a series of reports on DoD FFRDCs.
Fine structure of interphase nuclear chro- matines.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The observation of fine structure of interphase nuclear chromatines in the whole nucleus have neither been successful by optical microscope nor by electron microscope, which is the newly developed polarized dark field oblique illumination microscope, makes successful to take photography of the fine structure of interphase nuclear chro matines.The result is as follows:1) The numbers of chromatine morecules are approximately 50 in a normal cell, appro ximately 80 in HeLa cell and approximately 100 in a cell of cervical cancer.2) The size, the form and the stain activity of each chromatine were observed clearly.3) Studying chromatines in physiological con dition in this method may realize possibility in correspondence between chromatine and chromosome.This method may has a possibility to reveal the meaning of further fine structure and the process of cancer development.
Evaluation of antithymocyte globulin in acute relapses of multiple sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The findings in this study indicate that therapy with a combination of ACTH and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) should be strongly considered for patients with multiple sclerosis who are in acute relapse, who have an elevation in the ratio of gamma globulin to total protein in cerebrospinal fluid, and who are not responsive to ACTH or corticosteroid alone. Twenty-one patients with acute bouts of multiple sclerosis were randomly allocated and treated under controlled conditions with ACTH alone or ACTH and ATG. While patients in both groups improved significantly for four months after treatment, the patients remaining in the ACTH/ATG group are significantly better than the ACTH group for seven of the first eight posttreatment months.
Correction: Relationship between Affective Symptoms and Malnutrition Severity in Severe Anorexia Nervosa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Very few studies have investigated the relationship between malnutrition and psychological symptoms in Anorexia Nervosa (AN).They have used only body weight or body mass index (BMI) for the nutritional assessment and did not always report on medication, or if they did, it was not included in the analysis of results, and they did not include confounding factors such as duration of illness, AN subtype or age.The present study investigates this relationship using indicators other than BMI/weight, among which body composition and biological markers, also considering potential confounders related to depression and anxiety.Methods: 155 AN patients, (DSM-IV) were included consecutively upon admission to inpatient treatment.Depression, anxiety, obsessive behaviours and social functioning were measured using various scales.Nutritional status was measured using BMI, severity of weight loss, body composition, and albumin and prealbumin levels. Results:No correlation was found between BMI at inclusion, fat-free mass index, fat mass index, and severity of weight loss and any of the psychometric scores.Age and medication are the only factors that affect the psychological scores.None of the psychological scores were explained by the nutritional indicators with the exception of albumin levels which was negatively linked to the LSAS fear score (p = 0.024; beta = 20.225).Only the use of antidepressants explained the variability in BDI scores (p = 0.029; beta = 0.228) and anxiolytic use explained the variability in HADs depression scores (p = 0.037; beta = 0.216). Conclusion:The present study is a pioneer investigation of various nutritional markers in relation to psychological symptoms in severely malnourished AN patients.The clinical hypothesis that malnutrition partly causes depression and anxiety symptoms in AN in acute phase is not confirmed, and future studies are needed to back up our results.
Beta blockade for patients of mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twenty patients of isolated mitral stenosis in normal sinus rhythm (age 22 +/- 4 yrs) in whom symptoms of systemic and pulmonary congestion were controlled on diuretics were the subjects of the present study. The effects of addition of Metoprolol 50 mg po bid for 4 weeks on subjective and objective indices of exercise tolerance were evaluated. Metoprolol produced greater than 50% subjective improvement in 80% of these patients. The increase in time to dyspnoea and total work done on treadmill after 90-120 mins, and after 12 hrs of a dose of metoprolol, were both significant (p less than 0.01). In none of the patients, resting heart rate less than 50/mt, resting and exercise systolic BP less than 90 and less than 105 mmHg, respectively, or any important untoward effects were observed. Metoprolol's beneficial effects and safety can be judged in these patients at two hours after first dose in out patients clinic.