jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Failed Revolution: Reflections on the 2006 Elections in Belarus

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The success of "color revolutions" in Serbia, Georgia, and Ukraine, together with the success of the opposition movement in Kyrgyszstan, fueled hopes for change in Belarus, particularly among opposition circles, European Union (EU) countries, and the Bush-Rice administration in Washington. Though prospects for the removal of President Aliaksandr Lukashenka were limited (he successfully engineered a referendum in October 2004 that gave him the right to run for additional terms as president), there is no question that the situation for the opposition during the 2006 presidential elections was considerably better than it was in 2001. In that year, with the support of several key figures and institutions, including the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Advisory and Monitoring Group in Belarus, the opposition belatedly came up with a compromise candidate from the trade union movement, Uladzimir Hancharyk. But the move came too late to have a significant impact on the campaign.2 This time, after a difficult series of meetings across the country, the opposition managed to unite its efforts under Aliaksandr Milinkevich, a nonparty man and professional academic from the Hrodna region.KeywordsEuropean UnionPresidential ElectionOpinion PollLiberal Democratic PartyElection CampaignThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Identification of Factors Predicting Mortality in Dengue Infection Associated Liver Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Dengue is the most common arboviral disease and second most common mosquito borne disease globally.100 countries are endemic for this illness and these are mostly developing or underdeveloped nations.(1,2) The disease effects multiple organs, of which liver is the most commonly affected.The manifestations can range from asymptomatically elevated transaminase levels to liver failure (3-10).There have been reports on the use of NAC, MARS, plasmapheresis and also one case of liver transplantation in liver failure management in Dengue infection (11,12,13).There exist many lacunae in our understanding of paediatric dengue liver failure which are contributory to the associated high mortality.There are no risk stratification markers and the applicability of Kings Collge criteria that is frequently used, has not been validated in this indication.Appropriate high risk factor identification would help in selecting the patients to receive more intensive care, before the point of irreversibility.With this background, we designed this study to identify easily applicable clinical parameters that would allow to identify the Dengue patients at highest risk. Patients: Children of age less than 16 years having clinical features consistent with Dengue and having either NS1 antigen or Dengue IgM positive, meeting the criteria for ALF (INR > 2) and admitted in PICU Identification of factors predicting mortality in Dengue infection associated liver failure
Facilitating knowledge transfer during Australia’s COVID-19 vaccine rollout: an examination of ‘Functional Dialogues’ as an approach to bridge the evidence–policy gap

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Our interdisciplinary team initiated a project to inform the COVID-19 vaccination programme. We developed a novel research co-creation approach to share emerging findings with government. Aims and objectives: We critically assess the ‘Functional Dialogue’ (FD) programme for future research translation practices in time-limited policy-making scenarios. We identify what factors helped us to put the FDs together and consider their effects on all aspects of the research programme. We draw out key moments of impact, weaknesses and challenges and identify how future FDs might be enhanced. Methods: Between January 2021 and June 2022, we conducted 14 FDs with state and federal government, exploring attendees’ attitudes, beliefs, experiences, roles and observations regarding our research. FDs and research team debriefs were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Findings: FD processes proved invaluable to the timeliness, impact and flow of our research project by creating systems that helped to bridge the evidence–policy gap. Relationships and reciprocity helped, but other professional commitments of our government partners posed challenges and produced fluctuating engagement. FDs built the capacity of the research team, strengthening communication skills and creating opportunities to contribute to pandemic policies. Discussion and conclusion: We struggled to quantify the impact of FDs on policy decisions due to the ethical requirements of academic research, barriers for policy makers in isolating and/or acknowledging impact, and the collaborative nature of dialogue. Nevertheless, the structures of knowledge transfer that we foresaw as necessary to ensure impact became the central plank of the project’s broader success.
Optimization of Fermentation Medium for L-serine Production by Brevibacterium flavum by Using Response Surface Methodology

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

【Objective】 The purpose of this paper was mainly to study the optimizing medium of Brevibacterium flavum in order to improve the production of L-serine.【Method】Firstly,the influences of eight related factors were evaluated in fermentation medium by Plackett-Burman design to filter out the main factors.The eight related factors were sucrose,yeast extract,(NH4)2SO4,KH2PO4,MgSO4,biotin,VB1 and CaCO3.The results showed that sucrose,yeast extract and(NH4)2SO4 were the main affecting factors.Secondly,the experimental design of steepest ascent was used to approach the best fermentation condition of main factors― sucrose,yeast extract,(NH4)2SO4.Based on this result,a three-level three-factor central composite design was employed to determine the maximum L-serine production at optimum concentration of sucrose,yeast extract and(NH4)2SO4.The L-serine production was found to correlate to the three parameters that could be represented by second-order polynomial models.【Result】 The optimal values of the three parameters were determined as 83 g/L sucroes,31 g/L yeast extract and 29 g/L(NH4)2SO4.The L-serine production was 22.27 g/L.In theory,the actual experimental result was 22.65 g/L.They were in well agreement.【Conclusion】 The production of L-serine was increased by 28.11% in optimized fermentation medium.
Significance of a Flat Small-intestinal Mucosa

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

to this may cause less gastro-intestinal disturbance.The sideeffects of chlorphentermine S.A. may not, however, be entirely local in action, and it is possible that the anorectic action of chlorphentermine may be dependent on its function as a mild central emetic at medullary level.The 10 defaulters up to three months contained five on the test preparation and five on the placebo, so that it seems unlikely that the default rate was related to the gastro-intestinal effects of chlorphentermine.As a result of this investigation what conclusions can be drawn regarding chlorphentermine S.A ?It would appear to be of value as a supplement to the treatment of obesity, in which close medical supervision and encouragement of strict dietary measures are the mainstay of therapeutic management.By itself the drug has no definite role.It is recognized that the doctor often feels the need to prescribe an appetite suppres- sant for his obese patient who complains of excess appetite and requests a " slimming pill," and in such circumstances chlor- phentermine S.A. may be useful, since it is an anorectic but does not act as a cerebral stimulant. SummaryA clinical trial on the anorectic agent chlorphentermine S.A. was performed.The drug was shown to be of value as an adjunct to dietary measures in producing loss of weight in obese patients attending a hospital clinic at regular intervals for three months.However, these patients who were subsequently pres- cribed the drug by their general practitioners showed no significant loss of weight over a similar period of time.There was a strong family history of diabetes and obesity, but this bore no relation to subsequent loss of weight.After three months' dieting the mean total 17-OHCS and 17-KS fell, the former significantly.The fall in urinary steroid excretion correlated with the loss of weight, but not statistically so.The value of chlorphentermine S.A. and the indications for its use are discussed.
4‐Halomethyl‐Substituted Imidazolium Salts: A Versatile Platform for the Synthesis of Functionalized NHC Precursors

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract N,N′ ‐Diarylimidazolium salts containing haloalkyl functional groups that are reactive with various nucleophiles are considered to be promising reagents for the preparation of functionalized N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, which are in demand in catalysis, materials science, and biomedical research. Recently, 4‐chloromethyl‐functionalized N,N′ ‐diarylimidazolium salts became readily available via the condensation of N,N′ ‐diaryl‐2‐methyl‐1,4‐diaza‐1,3‐butadienes with ethyl orthoformate and Me 3 SiCl, but these compounds were found to have insufficient reactivity in reactions with many nucleophiles. These chloromethyl salts were studied as precursors in the synthesis of bromo‐ and iodomethyl‐functionalized imidazolium salts by halide anion exchange. The 4‐ICH 2 ‐functionalized products were found to be unstable, whereas a series of novel 4‐bromomethyl functionalized N,N′ ‐diarylimidazolium salts were obtained in good yields. These bromomethyl‐functionalized imidazolium salts were found to be significantly more reactive towards various N, O and S nucleophiles than the chloromethyl counterparts and enabled the preparation of previously inaccessible heteroatom‐functionalized imidazolium salts, some of which were successfully used as NHC proligands in the preparation of Pd/NHC and Au/NHC complexes.
Effect of Plant Growth Retardants on Growth, Flowering and Yield of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat.) cv. IIHR-6

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present experiment was conducted on chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) cv. IIHR-6 at Jambu Vadi Farm, College of Agriculture, JAU, Junagadh during winter season of 2013-14 under South Saurashtra agro climatic condition. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with Factorial concept with two time of spray viz., spray at 30 days after transplanting (S1) and spray at 60 days after transplanting (S2) and six treatment of plant growth retardants viz., MH 500 @ mg l-1 (P1), MH 700 @ mg l-1 (P2), CCC @ 2000 mg l-1 (P3), CCC @ 2500 mg l-1 (P4), PCB @ 0.4 ml l-1 (P5), PCB @ 0.5 ml l-1 (P6) were sprayed including control (P7). The effect of different time of sprays and plant growth retardants on growth, flowering and yield of chrysanthemum cv. ‘IIHR-6’ were found significant. The vigorous growth in terms of plant height at 90 DAT (52.65 cm) and at the time of final harvest (63.34 cm) was noticed the highest in control (P7) treatment while, the number of branches per plant at 90 DAT (28.80) and at the time of final harvest 34.89), plant spread in N - S (52.15 cm and 60.78 cm) and E - W direction (53.25 and 62.45 cm) at 90 DAT and at time of final harvest, respectively; fresh weight of plant (317.55 g) and dry weight of plant (35.87 g) recorded maximum under plant receiving MH @ 700 mg l-1 (P2). Consequently, these plants produced early flowers (70.94 days), took minimum days for 50 per cent flowering (101.16 days) with maximum flowering span (46.36 days), flower diameter (6.33 cm), shelf life (5.00 days) of flower as well as vase life (9.05 days) of flower. The yield of flowers (13.43 t ha -1) also produced maximum in these treatment. Interaction between different time of spray and plant growth retardants was found to be non significant in case of growth, flowering and yield of flowers, except diameters of flower. Economics of chrysanthemum indicated that the plant sprayed at 30 days after transplanting (S1) and treated with MH @ 700 mg l-1 (P2) found most remunerative as they gave highest net returns (Rs. 208980) with maximum Benefit Cost Ratio (1:4.50). It can be concluded that the foliar application of MH @ 700 mg l-1 at 30 days after transplanting proved superior in terms of growth, flowering, flower yield and more economical as compared to all other growth retardants treatments.
Systematic literature review of the barriers and facilitators of frugal innovation for surgical care in low-income and middle-income countries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective Globally, 5 billion people lack access to safe surgery and annually, only 6% of surgeries occur in low-income countries. Surgical frugal innovations can reduce cost and optimise the function for the context; however, there is limited evidence about what enables success. Design A systematic literature review (SLR) was performed to understand the barriers and facilitators of frugal innovation for surgical care in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Data sources Web of Science, PubMed, Embase at Ovid, Google Scholar and EThOs were searched. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Inclusion criteria were original research in English containing a frugal surgical innovation. Research must be focused on LMICs. Studies were excluded if the content was not focused on LMICs or did not pertain to barriers and facilitators. 26 studies from 2006 to 2021 were included. The GRADE tool was used to assess overall review quality. Results Results were analysed using the modified consolidated framework for implementation research. The lack of formal evidence regarding frugal innovation in LMICs was the most reported barrier. The adaptability of frugal innovations to the context was the most reported facilitator. The limitations of this study were that most frugal innovations are not included in formal literature and that only English studies were included. Conclusion Frugal surgical innovations that are highly adaptable to the local context hold significant potential to scale and positively affect healthcare access and outcomes. Furthermore, supporting formal research about frugal innovations is important when aiming to innovate for health equity.
Oxacillinase-Mediated Resistance to Cefepime and Susceptibility to Ceftazidime inPseudomonas aeruginosa

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate SOF-1 was resistant to cefepime and susceptible to ceftazidime. This resistance phenotype was explained by the expression of OXA-31, which shared 98% amino acid identity with a class D β-lactamase, OXA-1. The oxa-31 gene was located on a ca. 300-kb nonconjugative plasmid and on a class 1 integron. No additional efflux mechanism for cefepime was detected in P. aeruginosa SOF-1. Resistance to cefepime and susceptibility to ceftazidime in P. aeruginosa were conferred by OXA-1 as well.
Endocrine Therapy in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) New Insights in an Old Target: A Mini Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Endocrine therapy with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors has been used in Estrogen Receptor (ER) positive breast cancer for decades. Epithelial ovarian cancer, in particular serous Low- and High Grade Subtypes (LGSOC, HGSOC), shows a similar high ER expression and represents therefore a potential target for endocrine therapy. Many treatments have been evaluated in phase II clinical trials in heavily pretended patients, but the overall tumor response and agent superiority (tamoxifen vs. aromatase inhibitors) remains unclear. Methods: We present a literature review of endocrine therapy for ovarian cancer and emphasize the role of endocrine maintenance therapy with letrozole after standard of care. Results: Endocrine therapy appears to be an eligible and cost effective treatment option with good quality of life in the adjuvant and recurrent treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. The trend shows the highest effect in histological subtypes with the highest ER expression (LGSOC and HGSOC).
The Future of Science Training: Institutional and Departmental Recommendations from Trainees

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For over twenty years, reports from the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine and other groups have recommended changes to improve the training environments of graduate and postdoctoral trainees and promote a sustainable STEM workforce. In a hypercompetitive climate with a shortage of funds, academic institutions and departments have largely failed to prioritize and implement these recommendations, leading to a lack of change and exacerbation of problems. Here, we describe seven concrete and implementable changes, developed as part of a set of larger guidelines at a national meeting of stakeholders from across career stages, that departments and programs can make to improve their training environments.
The Implications of Current and Emerging Privacy Law for ITS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) incorporate data-gathering and compiling systems into the transportation infrastructure, questions about privacy implications stemming from the potential misallocation or abuse of collected data have started to arise. The United States has no comprehensive national regulatory structure for privacy, leaving answers to these privacy questions to be found through a consideration of variety of sources of federal and state privacy law. In this paper, the authors examine a number of the areas where privacy law could impact ITS projects. To address these concerns, developers and planners of ITS technologies have to navigate a myriad of legal considerations and consequences that correspond with the ways in which they utilize the technologies and the information they collect. In an attempt to assist in that endeavor, the final part of this paper suggests tools for ITS developers and planners that explain the level of restrictions that correspond with different kinds of information being collected.
Service quality in institutes imparting engineering and management programmes in India: commonalities and differences

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Service quality has become a competitive differentiator for the service organisations. Service quality is attained by filling the gap between customer expectations and perceptions. This research discusses on service quality dimensions in higher educational institutions offering engineering and management programmes that are managed by one administration. The administrators of such institutes may, under the influence of technical education, extend the same strategies to management education that may affect the quality of service. In this research, a survey was conducted comprising a sample drawn from such institutions. The study revealed that the preferences of management students are different from that of engineering students. The common and different dimensions of service quality in both form of education are presented.
Well‐Being Assessment: An Evaluation of Well‐Being Scales for Public Health and Population Estimates of Well‐Being among US Adults

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In 2008, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) supported testing of a number of well‐being scales for potential use on public health surveillance systems. The purpose of this study was to examine the descriptive and psychometric properties of the scales (i.e. Satisfaction with Life, Meaning in Life, Positive and Negative Affect, Autonomy, Competence and Relatedness, and global and domain‐specific life satisfaction) and to examine the distribution of well‐being levels in a representative sample of community‐dwelling US adults ( N = 5,399) using a stratified analysis. The scales demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. Responses were negatively skewed, with most respondents reporting mildly positive levels of subjective well‐being. With the exception of autonomy, competence, and relatedness scales, all scales demonstrated good variability across socio‐demographic subgroups. Older age and higher levels of education, and income, were associated with higher levels of subjective well‐being. Most of the examined scales and related items merit consideration for continued testing in telephone surveys used in public health surveillance.
The Coronavirus and the Earth’s Thinking: An Anthropological Issue

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The article develops the hypothesis that Covid-19 is one of the most significant results of the Anthropocene era. Indifferent to nature’s veiled, but not inactive conditions, the human era advances over woods and forests, intensifying the increase of emerging infectious diseases, especially those caused by pathogens that generate zoonoses. In addition to health matters, this circumstance implies the urgent revision of the cultural tradition that conceives the energies of nature as availability. Based on these findings, the text criticizes the cultural determination of anthropocentrism, suggesting that the crisis caused by the coronavirus also represents the possibility of new mediations with nature. The thesis defends that, despite the anguish caused by the proximity to death, the pandemic is an opportunity to open our ears anew to listen to the Earth’s thinking.
Simple method for adaptive filtering of motion artifacts in E-textile wearable ECG sensors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we have developed a simple method for adaptive out-filtering of the motion artifact from the electrocardiogram (ECG) obtained by using conductive textile electrodes. The textile electrodes were placed on the left and the right wrist to measure ECG through lead-1 configuration. The motion artifact was induced by simple hand movements. The reference signal for adaptive filtering was obtained by placing additional electrodes at one hand to capture the motion of the hand. The adaptive filtering was compared to independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the adaptive filtering approach was higher than independent component analysis in most cases.
Supplementary Figure 3 from A Recombinant Immunotoxin against the Tumor-Associated Antigen Mesothelin Reengineered for High Activity, Low Off-Target Toxicity, and Reduced Antigenicity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 204K, Pharmacokinetics of SS1-LR/GGS/8M in mice</p>
Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The data from clinical trials investigating Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) have shown that with the proper patient selection, strict adherence to established guidelines and implementation of quality assurance procedures the efficacy outcomes using APBI are similar to those obtained using the conventional Whole Breast Irradiation (WBI) after breast-conserving surgery. The shorter treatment time with APBI could mean good implications for older patients, working women and patients who live far away from radiation therapy facilities and on the long run may prove to be a more cost-effective method of breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery. Consequently, this is an indication that the desired rationale behind the implementation of a new method for radiotherapy has been achieved. The emergence of a new method of doing things did not render the previous method obsolete; it just offered patients the chance to have another option.