jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cost of Procuring Invasive Eastern Red Cedar Biomass for use as a Biobased Product Feedstock

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Suppression of prairie fires enabled Eastern Red Cedar (ERC) to invade and thrive on more than 12 million infested acres previously dominated by native grasses. Feedstock procurement for a biorefinery designed to use ERC biomass, would be unique relative to energy crop production systems such as switchgrass that can be expected to harvest feedstock produced on the same unit of land each year. Density of ERC is heterogeneous. After cutting, ERC does not regrow and after ERC is removed landowners could be expected to take measures such as prescribed fire to control it. A mixed integer mathematical programming model is constructed to determine the cost to obtain the rights to harvest, harvest, and deliver a specified quantity of ERC biomass each year, for a period of 20 years, to a biorefinery location. The optimal strategy depends critically on several assumptions including the proportion of ERC biomass under contract enabling ERC harvest once during the 20 years; ERC growth rate; ERC density; discount rate; harvest and transportation cost; and quantity of biomass required per day. Optimal harvest strategy, optimal biorefinery location, and maximum daily biorefinery capacity, are sensitive to tree density and the proportion of ERC biomass in the region from which ERC can be removed. The expected cost of delivered biomass ranges from $41 to $92 per ton depending on the assumption of proportion of ERC biomass under contract, quantity of biomass required at the biorefinery, harvest cost, growth rate of unharvested trees under contract, and discount rate.
Mechanical Properties of Arecanut and GFR Hybrid Polypropylene Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The mechanical characteristics of hybrid polypropylene composites may be enhanced by adjusting the fibre loading and ratio, according to this study. The hot press technique was utilised to generate a variety of composites with four different amounts of fibre loading. In addition, the fibre ratio in composites with a 20-weight-percent fibre loading was changed. The composites were characterised using Fourier transform infrared analysis as well as tensile, flexural, and hardness tests. In the composites that have been created, Fourier transform infrared examination showed that hemicelluloses, lignins, and moisture were present, all of which have the potential to reduce tensile strength. Fibre loading resulted in a decrease in tensile strength but an increase in Young's modulus. With increasing fibre loading, flexural modulus and hardness rose, whereas flexural strength declined. The best mechanical qualities were found in a composite made primarily of arecanut and glass fibres, with a weight ratio of 1 : 3.
Nuclear pseudogenes of mitochondrial DNA as a variable part of the human genome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Novel pseudogenes homologous to the mitochondrial (mt) 16S rRNA gene were detected via different approaches.Eight preudogenes were sequenced.Copy number polymorphism of the mtDNA pseudogenes was observed among randomly chosen individuals,and even among siblings.A mtDNA pseudogene in the Ychromosome was observed in a YAC clone carrying only repetitive sequence tag site(STS).PCR screening of human yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)libraries showed that there were at least 5.7×10^5 bp of the mtDNA pseudogenes in each haploid nuclear genome.Possible involvement of the mtDNA pseudogenes in the variable part of the human nuclear genome is discussed.
Design of an Underactuated Gripper with a Floating Differential Actuator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Underactuated grippers are developed to grasp objects of varying shape and sizes without the need to rely on sensors and feedback systems. This main aspect makes underactuated grippers efficient in their ability to automatically distribute the actuation force to multiple outputs. Besides actuating multiple phalanges by the actuation principle, it is also possible to drive multiple fingers. An interesting approach is to give the actuator a spatial degree of freedom and suspend it such that it can provide its power both to the shaft as to the unconstrained degree of freedom. There already exist designs that apply this working principle to distribute a force to two and four fingers, without the need for additional differential mechanisms. In both cases the fingers are divided into two pairs, where one pair is connected to the rotor and the other to the stator. When the actuator is activated a force is transferred to the fingers connected to the rotor. The reaction force, caused by the actuation force, is acting on the stator and this force is transferred to the fingers connected to the stator. The aim of this report is to determine how the floating actuator principle can best be implemented such that the number of outputs is as high as possible. The theoretical maximum number of outputs a floating actuator differential can achieve is seven, namely six spatial degrees of freedom and the actuated shaft. In this report it was found that it highly unlikely that this system can provide seven outputs for a sufficient workspace, due to kinematic restraints introduced by dependencies between the orientation and the position of the actuator. For the concept with a maximum of six outputs the floating actuator principle can provide ample torque for a sufficient range of motion for the fingers. The prototype, as developed in this report, shows that the floating actuator principle works for a system with six outputs.
O081 De-escalating axillary dissection in mastectomy cases for ductal carcinoma in-situ

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Axillary surgery has been de-escalated in invasive breast carcinoma and may be omitted in certain age groups according to the Choosing Wisely initiative. Invasion can be found in 10-20% of patients with ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS). Therefore, Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is indicated to rule out nodal metastasis. Our purpose was to study the risk factors and outcome of positive SLNB. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on a series of 67 cases of patients who underwent mastectomy with SLNB for DCIS at Beaumont Hospital, Ireland, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, between 2015 and 2021. We evaluated their clinical, histopathological characteristics and regional recurrence. Results Only one invasive component was identified out of 67 cases (1.5%). Eight patients (11.9%) had positive SLN, six with isolated tumour cells, one micro-metastasis and one macro-metastasis. The three patients who proceeded for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) presented with palpable lump, nipple discharge and through family history screening; however, all additional nodes retrieved were negative. All three patients had &gt;5 cm high/intermediate grade disease. They were ER receptor positive and HER-2 negative. Regional recurrence was not reported in any. Conclusion This study identified a low rate of positive SLNB in DCIS and microinvasion on final histopathology. Factors which may increase the risk of positive SLNB are large tumours, palpable lump or nipple discharge. Our results indicate that ALND can be safely omitted in DCIS with positive SLNB but may be considered in high-risk patients.
Quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects by indirect measurement with finite errors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the quantum Zeno effect and the anti-Zeno effect in the case of `indirect' measurements, where a measuring apparatus does not act directly on an unstable system, for a realistic model with finite errors in the measurement. A general and simple formula for the decay rate of the unstable system under measurement is derived. In the case of a Lorentzian form factor, we calculate the full time evolutions of the decay rate, the response of the measuring apparatus, and the probability of errors in the measurement. It is shown that not only the response time but also the detection efficiency plays a crucial role. We present the prescription for observing the quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects, as well as the prescriptions for avoiding or calibrating these effects in general experiments.
The Relationship Between Protein Sequence, Structure and Function

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The holy grail of computational biology is the elucidation, at a molecular, cellular and biological level, of function. As we tried to illustrate here, several routes are being followed to address the problem, each having advantages and pitfalls. The present challenge is to use our understanding of protein evolution to develop accurate methods for large-scale automatic assignment of function. At present, the level of accuracy with which we can predict function on the basis of genomic sequences is still dependent on the specific case considered, namely on the size of the family of the target protein and on its evolutionary distance from members of known function. The continuous growth of the number of available protein sequences and the coordinated effort of many research groups hold the promise that experimental biologists will soon be able to add reliable functional assignment tools to the suite of the many computational methods that are already part of their laboratory toolbox.
Double inverted pendulum for human hip strategy of balance modelling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the body balance process control a variety of postural strategies for balance recovery are used. Postural strategies are the automatic stable muscular patterns. Such a mechanism reduces the degrees of freedom number, simplifies and speeds up the adjustment of the posture and minimizes energy expenditure. They are connected with the existence of some motor coordination sets and describes three mobility strategies: ankle, hip and step strategy. The hip strategy occurs when interference is greater or the use of ankle strategy is impossible, for example due to the delay of postural information cycle. This occurs when a person stands on a platform smaller than the feet surface area, where the toes and heel are not supporting the body. In the frontal plane, this strategy depends on the location and size of the application of an external acting force. The article presents an analysis of the pendulums in relation to the issue of maintaining the balance by man.
Yellow subconjunctival deposits

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this case report, we present a healthy man who was referred for removal of subconjunctival yellow lesions found during a routine eye examination. In histopathological examination, an amyloidosis was found. There were no remnants or new lesions during 1-year follow-up. There was no systemic involvement. Conjunctival amyloidosis is a rare diagnosis that often is overlooked. Failure to recognise conjunctival amyloidosis might lead to late diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis. This case may rise the awareness to this rare diagnosis.
Porous layer open tubular columns with immobilized trypsin for protein digestion

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We have developed a monolithic porous layer open tubular (PLOT) column with immobilized trypsin for protein digestion. The PLOT column was prepared in a 10 (mikro)m ID fused silica capillary. Trypsin was immobilized on the monolithic surface and the developed enzyme reactor was used for protein digestion followed by on-line ESI/MS analysis.
Characterizing the Relationship Between Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Survival on Cry3Bb1-Expressing Corn and Larval Development Metrics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a significant pest of field corn, Zea mays L. (Poales: Poaceae), across the United States Corn Belt. Widespread adoption and continuous use of corn hybrids expressing the Cry3Bb1 protein to manage the western corn rootworm has resulted in greater than expected injury to Cry3Bb1-expressing hybrids in multiple areas of Nebraska. Single-plant bioassays were conducted on larval western corn rootworm populations to determine the level of resistance present in various Nebraska counties. The results confirmed a mosaic of susceptibility to Cry3Bb1 across Nebraska. Larval development metrics, including head capsule width and fresh weight, were measured to quantify the relationship between the level of resistance to Cry3Bb1 and larval developmental rate. Regression and correlation analyses indicate a significant positive relationship between Cry3Bb1 corrected survival and both larval development metrics. Results indicate that as the level of resistance to Cry3Bb1 within field populations increases, mean head capsule width and larval fresh weight also increase. This increases our understanding of western corn rootworm population dynamics and age structure variability present in the transgenic landscape that is part of the complex interaction of factors that drives resistance evolution. This collective variability and complexity within the landscape reinforces the importance of making corn rootworm management decisions based on information collected at the local level.
Relationship between Self-Compassion and Body Dismorphic Symptoms in Early Adulthood

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Some individuals may expect the best in their physical appearance.However, some individuals become insecure about their deficiencies or disabilities and try to avoid or cover up any defects or deficiencies in their bodies.Without realizing it, this can be one of the symptomps of body dismorphic.Therefore, it is important for individuals to develop self-compassion.Self-compassion is an action to understand and be kind to yourself and accept yourself during difficult times.This study aims to examine the relationship between selfcompasion and body dysmorphic symptoms in early adulthood.This study involved 504 participants (162 male and 342 female) with an age range of 18 -29 years and used two measuring instruments, The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI).The measure consists of 10 items for AAI measuring instruments and 26 items for SCS measuring instruments with 4 point Likert Scale.Evidence of the validation of the two measuring instruments is shown by the item-total correlation>0.2.This research uses non-experimental quantitative research methods with correlation research.The data analysis technique used is Spearman Correlation.The result of this study indicate a negative relationship between selfcompassion and symptoms of body dysmorphic in early adulthood (r= -0.39 dan p<0.01).
Cloud computing and machine learning for analysis of health care data based on neuro fuzzy logistic regression

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Healthcare data is the most sensitive information for processing through machine learning and cloud computing in the various healthcare organizations. Electronic Health Record (EHR) manipulation are now on the rise, and we need to focus on using the data generated by the healthcare applications. Many sensitive data are associated with various health care domains, particularly neurology and cardiology. Previous approaches, such as manual data records, had significant disadvantages, and hence disease prediction based on the above records was found ineffective resulting with improper diagnosis on the patients. These data records require special attention, and current frameworks focused on these areas must implement sophisticated technologies to predict specific patterns. To address the above concerns, the proposed work incorporates the integration of Neuro Fuzzy Logistic Regression (NFLR) machine learning algorithm and cloud computing storage management to solve these problems. The usage of cloud storage reduces data duplication while handling the storage of EHRs where the proposed ML algorithm accurately predict the disease. In the proposed research, the features are extracted using a specific algorithm –Self-organizing Clustering (SOC) which forms a clustered data with highest weight. To select the maximum number of features, and to predict the disease risk factors, the S2NO algorithm and NFLR algorithms are used in this work. Further, the database storage estimation with fuzzy rules, logistic analysis, and other benefits such as experimental learning of different ML tools, data privacy constraints related to healthcare are considered in this paper.
FT-IR spectroscopy of carbonized acenes: a possible key for the UIBs/AIBs origins

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The complete acene series from naphthalene to anthracene, tetracene and pentacene were carbonized directly in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) special crucible heating up to 700 °C under autogenous pressure. In these conditions the carbonization of all the acenes was detected as an endothermal process occurring above 550 °C. The resulting carbonized acenes were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy showing a band pattern matching the spectrum of a mature coal and the unidentified infrared bands (UIBs) as well as the aromatic infrared bands (AIBs) detected in the interstellar and in certain circumstellar media. It is speculated that carbonized organic matter could be a valid model to explain the carriers of the UIBs/AIBs bands in space. Carbonized PAHs can be conceived as carbon dust grains formed under the action of shock waves, which are quite common in certain circumstellar and interstellar media.
Human Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein: Simultaneous Purification with Antithrombin III and Characterization of Its Gross Structure

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The simple and simultaneous purification of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) and antithrombin III (AT III) from human plasma and gross structural characterization of HRG have been performed. The purification method consists of two chromatographic procedures using heparin-agarose and DEAE-Sephadex. The yields of HRG and AT III were 22 mg and 70 mg, respectively, from 1 liter of plasma. The purified HRG is a single-chain polypeptide with a molecular weight (Mr) of 75,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating it was the native form of this protein. Cyanogen bromide cleavage of HRG, followed by analysis of the amino acid composition and determination of the amino-terminal sequence of each purified cyanogen bromide fragment established that the gross structure of HRG consisted of three cyanogen bromide fragments; an amino-terminal CN-50 kDa fragment (Mr 50,000) and a carboxy-terminal small fragment of eight amino acids, and a CN-30 kDa fragment (Mr 30,000) between them. As to the amino acid composition of the CN-30 kDa fragment, it had an unusually high content of histidine (25 mol%), suggesting the presence of a histidine-rich region(s) in the carboxy-terminal half of the molecule. These results together with our previous results (Koide, T., Odani, S., & Ono, T. (1982) FEBS Lett. 141, 222-224) and those of Morgan (Morgan, W.T. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 1496-1501) imply that HRG is composed of at least two domains with distinct functional properties; i.e. an amino-terminal domain with heparin-binding ability and a carboxy-terminal domain with heme- and divalent metal-binding abilities.
An anti-inflammatory salmachroman from the sea urchin Salmacis bicolor: a prospective duel inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

An isochroman derived polyketide, salmachroman characterized as methyl 153(11-(10-hydroxy-12-oxo-6-pent-63-en-61-yl)isochroman-10-yl)-13-oxotetrahydrofuran-15-yl was isolated from the organic extract of the Echinodermata sea urchin Salmacis bicolor (family Temnopleuridae) through chromatographic fractionation. The structure of the compound was identified by detailed spectroscopic techniques. Salmachroman demonstrated significant duel inhibition potential against pro-inflammatory enzymes, cyclooxygense-2 (IC50 1.29 mM) and 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 1.39 mM). The compound exhibited significantly greater anti-inflammatory selectivity index (1.03) than that displayed by the anti-inflammatory agent ibuprofen (0.43). The isochroman analogue exhibited greater antioxidant activities against 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (IC50 1.19 mM) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (IC50 1.24 mM) than the standard antioxidative agent α-tocopherol (IC50 > 1.50 mM). The binding properties of the compound with the active site of cyclooxygense-2 and 5-lipoxygenase enzymes, combined with its higher electronic parameters as attributed by the structure-activity relationship accounted for its significant anti-inflammatory properties.
Pharmacogenetics of CYP3A5 and effects of corticosteroids in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALL) according to EORTC 58951 protocol is divided into 3 phases (induction, consolidation, maintenance). During the induction phase, patients are randomly assigned to receive either prednisone or dexamethasone (associated with anticancer drugs). The response to corticotherapy is evaluated by the quantification of the residual disease (RD) at day 35 of treatment and has an major impact on prognosis and treatment: patients with an RD lower than 10−2/100 000 cells. The distribution of CYP3A genotypes was : *1/*1: 2,7%, *1/*3: 18,8% and *3/*3: 78,5%, in aggrement with already published data. CYP3A5*2 and *6 mutations were not found There was no difference in the response to corticosteroid treatment according to individual CYP3A5 genotypes or to the type of corticosteroid. Our results did not evidence an impact of CYP3A5 on the initial response to corticosteroids.

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P20–P20; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.075
LEADER OF CHANGE BASED ON THE PERCEPTIONS OF THE BUGIS AND MAKASSAR COMMUNITIES

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Nowadays, the organization can be called a boundaryless organization, as moving from one organization to another and from one place to another is inevitable. In this regard, understanding the condition and characteristics of a society and culture is a must for a leader. A leader, especially a change leader, has to understand the culture, as he or she has to influence subordinates to follow the organization's objectives, without employees' commitment and support, the organizational change will be hard to achieve. Meanwhile, Indonesia consists of thousands of islands with various ethnics and cultures, making Indonesia a very diverse country, which then makes a leader should have an understanding of the characteristics of the people in the organization. The ethnic of Bugis-Makassar is the majority of the ethnic who stay in Makassar city. This study uses a qualitative approach with FGD as the tool in data collection. The number of participants is 30. The results show that the majority of the participants prefer to have a leader with the role of Coach compared with the other two roles. This result is expected to have contributed to the change leader that will be assigned in the organization with the majority of people from Bugis-Makassar.