jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Method of analysis and forecast of the risk of threats to the area of the Pomeranian Voivodeship resulting from climate change

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The issue of climate change is one of the key political, social and economic aspects of the modern world. Many theories, controversies and misunderstandings have arisen around this problem, which gave the impression that this is irrelevant from the economic and social points of view. However, a number of worrying climatic phenomena indicate that this issue cannot be underestimated. In particular, it is difficult to argue with the events that are already taking place and indicate that the current climate change may pose a threat to both human health and life, as well as the functioning of the economy, or the environment itself. The obstacles and dynamic nature of climate change require crisis management structures to carry out in-depth risk analyses. The article is a proposal and introduction to the subject of risk analysis at the county level, taking into account the sensitivity and adaptive potential of the presented region.
CONTROL OF WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) IN CORN PRODUCTION OF EASTERN CROATIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new insect pest - the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) was identified in Croatia in 1995. The first objective of this research was to determine the population density of all stages, except eggs in commercial cor fields. The second objective was to investigate the efficacy of three organophosphate insecticides on larvae. The experiment was conducted in Gunja, Croatia in 1999 and 2000. Treatments were commercial corn hybrids (OSSK 444, OSSK 552, Florencia,) and three soil insecticides (terbuphos, chlorpyriphos-ethyl, chlormephos) applied at planting. Results showed the highest number of larvae per plant (0.70) in the untreated plot of OSSK 552. In 1999, significant differences in larval numbers occurred among hybrids, but not among the insecticides. In 2000, larval numbers only differed statistically between the insecticide treatments. The highest beetles population counted per plant was 0.55 in 2000. This population level is very close to economic threshold of 0.70 beetles per plant. Significant differences in beetle numbers per plant between hybrids were only detected in 2000. Pheromone traps containing the lure, Csal♀m♂N, caught significantly more beetles than the Multigard yellow sticky-trap. Terbufos was the only soil insecticide providing a significant yield advantage to the hybrids. Based on the current value of corn and cost of insecticide, terbufos is the only soil insecticide cost-effective for growers. These studies should be conducted with other insecticides, and growers should avoid planting corn after corn in their fields.
A web-based computer-program grading system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Programming is a fundamental skill for most engineering students, and millions of programming assignments are conducted every year in higher education community. However, without an efficient and easy-to-use tool, it is hard for instructors to grade students’ programming assignments and detect source code plagiarism. This project aims to develop an Online Computer Program Grading System (OCPGS) for university programming courses. The project covers two phases. The first phase focuses on developing a web application to accept programming course assignment submissions according to problems set by instructors and conduct verification on submitted source code by running through test cases. The second phase focuses on the study of source code plagiarism detection, and a source code plagiarism detection tool is developed and integrated into the web application. OCPGS covered all the basic functionalities required in a programming course, including user login, registration of courses and users, problem/test case manipulation, answers submission as well as verification of the submitted source code files. OCPGS has already been successfully deployed and currently used in NTU’s “IM1003 Object-Oriented Programming” and “EE5703 Object-Oriented Programming” courses, and has proved its robustness during the usage.
Method to support diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) based on structural analysis of histological images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Histopathology is considered one of the most important tools for diagnosis in medical routine. It is characterized by the study of structural and morphological changes of the cells, caused by diseases in biological tissues. The use of computational techniques in the processing of histopathological images allows the identification of structural elements as well as the determination of inherent characteristics, supporting the study of the structural organization of tissues and their pathological changes. Within this perspective, the overall objective of this work includes the proposal, the implementation and the evaluation of a methodology for the analysis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) from histopathological samples through techniques based on Neighbourhood Graphs theory and Complex Networks. The proposed method was evaluated concerning the detection of the presence of lesions in the tissue. The maximum accuracy obtained in the evaluation of the detection of abnormalities was 88%. Since this method is generic, it can be applied to other types of lesions and tissues.
Effect of Additives on Electrochemical and Corrosion Behavior of Gel Type Electrodes for Zn-Air System

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The corrosion behavior of the Zn anode is yet another major issue to be taken under consideration in the Zn-air system. In order to enhance electrochemical performance, a new aim is to find a possible delay in corrosion rates using 1 and 3 wt % of Bi or Ni as additives when compared with pure Zn anodes as gel type electrodes. Through Tafel extrapolation, the pure and 3 wt % Bi added Zn anodes show a 1.2718 mA and 0.8490 mA average corrosion current, respectively. Furthermore, the Zn anode with 3 wt % Bi shows increased 1328.9 Ω charge transfer resistance and lowered hydrogen evolution, meaning Bi is an effective additive for controlling the hydrogen evolution reaction as well as corrosion reaction in gel type electrodes.
Toward a spatial understanding of active transportation potential among a university population

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Universities and surrounding communities stand to benefit when active travel mode choices are elevated. Despite this, there is little research on travel mode choice at commuter universities and, in particular, the nonlinear spatial relationships among active travel potential and various contextual and compositional factors. The purpose of this study was to examine and visualize linkages among personal, household, density, diversity, and design factors, and active travel (bicycling, walking, and mass-transit modes) among a commuter-university population residing throughout southeastern Michigan, USA. This was accomplished by employing exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, and a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The GWR model outperformed the traditional OLS model in terms of goodness of fit (R2 = .534 and R2 = .461, respectively). A novel cartographic mapping technique was employed to depict where statistically significant parameter estimates negatively or positively influenced active travel. The main finding was that personal, household, density, diversity, and design estimates varied in both magnitude and spatiality throughout the university's study area. Interestingly, distance was not a universal barrier to active travel potential. These variations emphasize the importance of promoting active transportation through localized interventions as well as coordinating efforts among universities and surrounding communities.
Soft-Switching Strategy by TraNsfer Frequency Control of Wireless Power Transfer System Using a Matrix Converter in Regeneration Mode

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

These days, the world is right in the middle of EV shift. Introducing regenerative technology in EV charging facilities becomes possible to exchange power between EVs and power systems (V2G/G2V). This paper focuses on regeneration mode, from EV's DC battery to three-phase AC power supply, in wireless power transfer system using a matrix converter. Wireless charging for EVs uses high frequency, resulting in high switching losses. Therefore, in the proposed system in regeneration mode, the soft-switching strategy by controlling transfer frequency and the duty cycles of the matrix converter are proposed in this paper. The effectiveness of the theory is verified by an experiment.
The regulation of cardiac cell proliferation and survival during vertebrate development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The formation of organs during development requires that cell proliferation occur in a coordinated fashion. Furthermore, mis-regulation of the cell cycle during adulthood is associated with cancer and other human diseases. The molecular pathways that govern the eukaryotic cell cycle have been extensively studied, however the mechanisms by which the cell cycle is regulated in a tissue specific manner during development are not well understood. In this work, we explore the regulation of cell proliferation within the developing heart, as well as the maintenance of proliferating cardiac progenitor cells. The T-box transcription factor TBX5 is expressed within the developing heart and is required for heart morphogenesis in vertebrates. Additionally, mutations to TBX5 have been associated with the human congenital heart defect Holt-Oram syndrome. Despite the evolutionarily conserved role for TBX5 in heart development, the precise cellular requirement for TBX5 has not been defined. We show that one of the earliest defects in the TBX5-depleted Xenopus embryos is a reduction in cardiac cell number due to a decrease in mitotic index. We have further demonstrated that TBX5 is both necessary and sufficient to control cardiac cell cycle progression, and that depleting TBX5 leads to arrest in late G1 or early S-phase of the cell cycle. In this way, TBX5 is required to establish cardiac morphology during development. Finally we have identified a requirement for the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 in the maintenance of proliferating cardiac progenitor cells downstream of FGF signaling. These studies show that SHP-2 is required for the maintenance of cardiac precursors, and that in the absence of SHP-2 activity, there is an increase in programmed cell death specifically in the cardiac precursor cells and pharyngeal mesoderm. When SHP-2 activity is inhibited at a later stage, when many cells have exited the cell cycle, cardiac differentation is able to proceed, however the number of proliferating cells within the heart is substantially reduced. These data suggest a specific requirement for SHP-2 in the survival of proliferating cardiac progenitor cells.
Segmentation of Tuta Absoluta’s Damage on Tomato Plants: A Computer Vision Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Tuta absoluta is a major threat to tomato production, causing losses ranging from 80% to 100% when not properly managed. Early detection of T. absoluta’s effects on tomato plants is important in controlling and preventing severe pest damage on tomatoes. In this study, we propose semantic and instance segmentation models based on U-Net and Mask RCNN, deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to segment the effects of T. absoluta on tomato leaf images at pixel level using field data. The results show that Mask RCNN achieved a mean Average Precision of 85.67%, while the U-Net model achieved an Intersection over Union of 78.60% and Dice coefficient of 82.86%. Both models can precisely generate segmentations indicating the exact spots/areas infested by T. absoluta in tomato leaves. The model will help farmers and extension officers make informed decisions to improve tomato productivity and rescue farmers from annual losses.
Insect cuticle and insecticide development

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Insecticide resistance poses a significant challenge, diminishing the effectiveness of chemical insecticides. To address this global concern, the development of novel and efficient pest management technologies based on chemical insecticides is an ongoing necessity. The insect cuticle, a highly complex and continuously renewing organ, plays a crucial role in this context. On one hand, as the most vital structure, it serves as a suitable target for insecticides. On the other hand, it acts as the outermost barrier, isolating the insect's inner organs from the environment, and thus offering resistance to contact with insecticides, preventing their entry into insect bodies. Our work focuses on key targets concerning cuticle formation and the interaction between the cuticle and contact insecticides. Deeper studying insect cuticles and understanding their structure–function relationship, formation process, and regulatory mechanisms during cuticle development, as well as investigating insecticide resistance related to the barrier properties of insect cuticles, are promising strategies not only for developing novel insecticides but also for discovering general synergists for contact insecticides. With this comprehensive review, we hope to contribute valuable insights into the development of effective pest management solutions and the mitigation of insecticide resistance.
Integration of the DNA of a novel filamentous bacteriophage VSK from Vibrio cholerae 0139 into the host chromosomal DNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An unusual filamentous bacteriophage, VSK, containing single-stranded, circular DNA as its genome was isolated from Vibrio cholerae 0139 strains P07 and B04. Unlike other single-stranded DNA phages, VSK can integrate its genome into the chromosome of the host and enter into a lysogenic state. The double-stranded replicative form (RF) of the single-stranded phage DNA was isolated. A restriction map of the VSK RF DNA was constructed using HaeII, AvaII, ClaI and XbaI. By Southern blot analysis of the chromosomal DNA of the lysogen using labeled phage DNA as probe, the attachment site (attP) on the viral genome was also identified.
Thoracic Actinomycosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Birefringence is, of course, exhibited by both urate and calcium pyrophosphate crystals.Differentiation between the two requires identification of the sign of birefringence, urate being strongly negative, calcium pyro- phosphate weakly positive.Proof of the identity of urate crystals is by uricase digestion.We have had the opportunity of examin- ing synovial fluids from 22 patients with radiological calcification of joint cartilage.In general our findings have given less clear-cut answers than anticipated, and a number of specimens contained more than one type of crystal.In one patient with associated hyperparathyroidism the synovial fluid on two occasions was found to contain crystals which exhibited strong positive birefringence and had an extinction angle of 30°.Histochemical studies showed the presence of calcium.The other radical has not yet been positively identified, but we are impressed with the resemblance of these crystals to calcium oxalate.It may well be that gout and pseudogout can co-exist in the same person.One patient in this series is regarded as suffering from classical uric-acid gout, yet on one occasion fluid from his inflamed knee-joint yielded typical calcium pyrophosphate crystals.-Weare, etc.,
Collective Strategies of Resistance in Compact Global South Cities. Stories From the Residents of the Villa Rodrigo Bueno

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of what citizen-driven strategies are developed to cope with informal urbanisation and urban compactness. More precisely, the paper explores the intersection between informal urbanisation processes, informal economy and networks of solidarity and citizenship, in the context of compact cities. In particular, this paper aims to examine the creation of novel and collective forms of strategizing and organising resistance articulated from the informal settlements to build up alternative notions of the city from below. In order to do that the paper is empirically informed by the case of Argentina, a country that has experienced in the last decades the revival of villas miseria (misery town or shanty towns), as a result of successive economic crisis and migration waves. The history of one of these villas miserias, Rodrigo Bueno, in Puerto Madero, the most expensive urban development in Argentina, serves to illustrate the creation and maintenance of the informal city as an alternative urban logic, as well as the continuous process of stabilisation and resistance to the institutional arrangements threatening its existence.
Characterization of neurite outgrowth on neural adhesion molecules coated biocompatible material

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neutral cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) have important roles in many aspects of neural development and function. Members of the L1 family of neural cell adhesion molecules are important in normal human nerve system development and nerve generation. In this study, we expressed and purified L1-Fc and ChL1-Fc molecules of the L1 subfamily using stable-transfected cell lines.
Scott R. Hutson (ed.), Ancient Maya Commerce: Multidisciplinary Research at Chunchucmil (Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado and Utah State University Press, 2017), pp. xix + 376, $75.00, hb.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Scott R. Hutson (ed.), Ancient Maya Commerce: Multidisciplinary Research at Chunchucmil (Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado and Utah State University Press, 2017), pp. xix + 376, $75.00, hb. - Volume 51 Issue 2
Improving Multi-clustering and Multi-tenancy of the Cloud-native SmartX AI Cluster

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

최근 클라우드 서비스에 대한 수요 증가에 따라 경량화된 가상 환경을 기반으로 컴퓨팅 환경을 구성하는 컨테이너 기술의 사용이 크게 증가하였다. 이에 따라 확장성 및 가용성 특징을 갖는 클라우드-네이티브(Cloud-native) 컴퓨팅 기반 기술인 쿠버네티스(Kubernetes, K8S)를 채택하는 사례가 많아졌다. 또한, 이와 연계되어 다양한 분야에서 활용되고 있는 AI 기술 지원 도구들이 점차 늘어나게 되었으며 유연한 배포 및 운용이 가능하게 되었다. 그러나 상기 도구들을 효율적으로 사용하기 위하여 특정 워크로드를 대상으로 특화된 자원 구성에 대한 필요성이 대두되었다. 이에 멀티 클러스터의 개념이 제안되었으나 멀티 클러스터(Multi-cluster)의 구축과 함께 해당 구조를 관리하는 구성 요소 및 개념이 필요하다. 이에 대응하여 본 논문에서는 K8S 기반으로 구축된 SmartX AI Cluster의 확장과 더불어 Tenants Portal을 소개한다. 확장된 SmartX AI Cluster는 싱글 K8S 클러스터로 운영했던 기존의 방식과는 다르게 다른 종류의 자원을 포함하는 단일 K8S 클러스터들을 결합한 멀티 K8S 클러스터 환경을 제공한다. 또한, Tenants Portal은 별도의 K8S 환경을 구축하지 않아도 동시에 여러 사용자가 상기 환경을 이용할 수 있도록 지원하는 개체(Entity)이다. 최종적으로 제안한 환경에서 병렬 및 분산 처리, 추론 서비스 사례를 통해 머신러닝(Machine Learning, ML) 워크로드 검증을 수행함과 동시에 적용된 개념의 개선 및 관련 연구를 논의한다.
Application of resistance measurements of black gel ink to identify altered documents

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Identification of altered documents written in black gel ink is widely recognized as problematic, especially if both the original and altered strokes contain carbon. In this work, we used a black handwriting resistance measurement instrument to measure the resistance values of ink strokes. Because black gel inks are made with different types of pigments, their resistance values could be used to differentiate between different pen models from the same brand and among brands. In this study, 30 black gel inks were classified by their resistance values. In a pair-wise comparison analysis of the results, there were 435 possible pairs and 347 (i.e., 79.8% of the total) of these were able to be effectively distinguished. This is a nondestructive, convenient, and effective method to identify altered documents.
Use and future of wiki systems in veterinary education? – A survey of lecturers in German-speaking countries

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Wiki systems are becoming increasingly important in university teaching. Not much is known about the opinion of lecturers of veterinary medicine regarding the active participation of students in teaching, their opinion on wiki systems and their motivation to use them in courses and to improve the quality of information. The objective of the present study was to evaluate how lecturers of veterinary medicine estimate learning management systems and the production of text or material by students in courses, if they rate wiki systems as an appropriate tool for teaching, if they would use wiki systems for their courses and if they are willing to improve the quality of information. Methods: The data collection was carried out as an online survey using a five-point Likert scale. Lecturers of veterinary medicine in Germany, Austria and Switzerland were contacted (n=approx. 1700) out of which 139 completed (8.2%) the survey. Results: Most lecturers use LMS and consider it to be suitable for providing course material. Half of all respondents indicated that they believe that students achieve greater learning success by developing their own learning material. In courses 23.0% of their students develop own materials. The majority of lecturers considered wiki systems as an appropriate and complementary tool for teaching (53.6%). A collection of wiki articles is seen as useful (56.6%), particularly when experts review the contents. One third of the lecturers would use wiki systems for the creation of material by students, but 82.5% have not yet used them in teaching. One third is willing to participate in the review of articles with regard to their quality. Conclusion: The results show that many lecturers are willing to use veterinary wiki systems and that they regard them useful for teaching. According to the opinion of the majority of lecturers, the creation of material by students can lead to greater learning success and wiki systems are suitable for this purpose. We are about to develop strategies to support the implementation of wiki systems into veterinary education and a peer review system supported by lecturers. In a further project the actual learning success provided by the active use of wiki-systems by students will be evaluated.