jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Television Use by Adults and Children: A Multivariate Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Television use by husbands, wives, and children is analyzed in an economic model using multiple regression. The findings show education to be the most important determinant of television use. It was also found that income decreases adults', but increases children's, television use; that number and age of siblings affects children's television use nonlinearly; and that number of television sets is not important in determining television use.
Free and conjugated zeranol residues determined by radio-immunoassay in urine and plasma of calves treated with Forplix.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Anti-zeranol 7-hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin was raised in rabbits. This antiserum was used in a radio-immunoassay of zeranol residues in urine and plasma of calves implanted with Forplix. The antibody was specific for zeranol but cross-reacted with its metabolite zearalenone and the mycotoxin zearalenone. Detection limits in plasma and in urine were 100 pg/ml and 1 ng/ml respectively. In veal calves treated with zeranol containing implant, no residues were detected in plasma even if plasma proteins were hydrolysed with pronase before the radio-immunoassay. Free and conjugated residues in urine were easily measured. The urine concentration of conjugated residues increased markedly after the 20th day of treatment and was still high (19 ppb) at day 40.
Automated Non-Sterile Pharmacy Compounding: A Multi-Site Study in European Hospital and Community Pharmacies with Pediatric Immediate Release Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pharmacy compounding, the art and science of preparing customized medications to meet individual patient needs, is in a verge of transformation. Traditional methods of compounding often involve manual and time-consuming processes, presenting challenges in terms of consistency, dosage accuracy, quality control, contamination and scalability. However, the emergence of cutting-edge technologies has paved a way for a new era for pharmacy compounding, promising to redefine the way medications are prepared and delivered as pharmacy-tailored personalized medicines. In this multi-site study, more than 30 hospitals and community pharmacies from 8 countries in Europe utilized a novel automated dosing approach inspired by 3D printing for compounding of non-sterile propranolol hydrochloride tablets. CuraBlend® excipient base, a GMP manufactured pharma-ink, intended for automated compounding applications was used. A standardized study protocol to test the automated dosing of tablets with variable weights was performed in all participating pharmacies in 4 different iterative phases. Integrated quality control was performed with an in-process scale and NIR spectroscopy supported by HPLC content uniformity measurements. In total, 6088 propranolol tablets were produced at different locations during this study. It was shown that the dosing accuracy of the process increased from about 90% to 100% from phase 1 to phase 4 by making improvements to the formulation and the hardware solutions. The results indicate that through this novel automated and quality-controlled compounding approach extemporaneous pharmacy manufacturing can take a giant leap forward towards automation and digital manufacture of dosage forms in hospital pharmacies and compounding pharmacies.
Serological Study of Neutralizing Antibodies Against Enterovirus D68 Among Healthy Population in Xiamen, China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections poses a serious public health threat, which caused outbreaks of severe respiratory illness and has been closely associated with "polio-like" central nervous system disease. The patterns of immune responses to EV-D68 have not been fully understood. This study was performed to investigate the level of neutralizing antibody against EV-D68 among the healthy population in Xiamen City. Methods: A total of 515 serum samples from healthy people were selected by stratified random sampling in Xiamen City in 2016, and the titer of neutralizing antibody against EV-D68 was detected by an efficient micro-neutralization assay. Results: The overall seroprevalence of neutralizing antibody against EV-D68 was 81.9%, and the overall geometric mean titers (GMT) was 248.0. The positive rates were 42.2%, 49.3%, 71.9%, 94.2% and 98.5%, respectively, in groups of <1, 1-3, 4-6, 7-19 and 20-39 years old, and were up to 100% in the 40-59 and ≥ 60 age groups. The GMTs in these seven groups were 1:39.8, 1:80.6, 1:133.2, 1:283.7, 1:253.3, 1:308.1 and 1:405.0, respectively. The seroprevalence and GMT of EV-D68 showed an increased trend with age, while gender and geographic area didn’t show significant impact. Conclusions: EV-D68 infection was prevalent in Xiamen City. Children are the high-risk groups for EV-D68-related illnesses, especially those aged ≤ 3 years. It is necessary to establish preventive measures and strengthened the surveillance on EV-D68 to prevent disease outbreaks.
Dual path of insertion removable partial denture in aesthetic and functional rehabilitation case report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCAO A r eabilitacao de pacient es par cialmente desdentados exige do pr ofi ssional tant o um diag nostico pr eciso c omo um planejamento efi ciente, tendo em vista a div ersidade de opcoes que podem ser indicadas para cada caso desde pr oteses par ciais r emoviveis c onvencionais, pr oteses fi xas convencionais, proteses fi xas associadas a r emoviveis atraves de encaixes e pr oteses implant ossuportadas1. No entant o, para determinar o tratamento adequado, e impor tante que o pr ofi ssional considere alguns fatores, como a expectativa estetica do paciente, situacao socio-economica, prognostico da protese e das estruturas remanescentes2-6. Quando a protese parcial removivel (PPR) e o tratamenAbstract
Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from Subterranean Waters, with Description of Two New Genera

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two new genera of the family Tubificidae inhabiting springs, wells and interstitial waters of a brackish lake in the West Indies are described. These are Spirospermoides stocki gen. et sp. n. and Krenedrilus papillatus gen. et sp. n. A detailed description of the morphological characters and genital organs is provided. A comparison with allied genera and species is also made. The occurrence of some other species of this family has been recorded.
Optimized combinations of statins and azoles against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts in vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the combination of several statins (atorvastatin, fluvastatin and simvastatin) and azoles (voriconazole, posaconazole and itraconazole) against Acanthamoeba spp. Methods: The efficiency of the different drug combinations against the trophozoite stage of different Acanthamoeba strains were evaluated by Alamar Blue assay. Effect on the cyst stage was observed by inverted microscope. Cytotoxicity of combinations of azoles and statins was evaluated by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase from a murine macrophage cell line. Results: Combinations of any of the tested statins and voriconazole or posaconazole were more efficient in inhibiting Acanthamoeba compared to statins or azoles individually. The drug combinations at the combined inhibitory concentrations 50% showed lower toxicity compared to that of the compounds alone. Conclusions: The combinations of statins together with voriconazole and posaconazole are more efficient than these drugs alone, and these combinations have lower cytotoxicity in mammalian cell lines.
Subsequent Pregnancy After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of recurrent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to find risk factors that can predict the recurrence of GDM in Korean women with previous GDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We evaluated women who had GDM in an index pregnancy (1993–2001) and a subsequent pregnancy by 2003. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed during the index pregnancy and 2 months postpartum. The recurrence rate of GDM was assessed among 111 women who had a subsequent pregnancy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of recurrent GDM. RESULTS—The frequency of recurrent GDM in subsequent pregnancies was 45.0% (95% CI 35.6–54.4%). Women with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance 2 months postpartum were at increased risk for recurrent GDM (relative risk 2.31, 95% CI 1.24–4.30). Higher BMI before the subsequent pregnancy (P = 0.024), higher fasting glucose concentration (P = 0.007) 2 months postpartum, and lower 1-h insulin concentration (P = 0.004) of the diagnostic OGTT in the index pregnancy were independent risk factors for recurrence of GDM in subsequent pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS—GDM recurred in nearly half of subsequent pregnancies in Korean women. Fasting glucose 2 months postpartum might be a clinically valuable predictor of recurrent GDM risk.
The Key Technology and Research Progress of Piezoelectric Power Supply

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Piezoelectric generator is an energy device which can supply power for micropower circuit making use of the energy of ambient environment to generate electricity. The working principle of piezoelectric generator based on piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramic is briefly analyzed; for improving amount of electrical energy and efficiency,the key technologies on piezoelectric materials,structure of piezoelectric patches,methods of resonant frequency adjustment and circuit of energy harvesting are introduced,which are researched at home and abroad; the developing directions are pointed out. Piezoelectric power supply is a green and renewable energy device,and it will be widely used in aeronautics and astronautics,military field and wireless sensor networks.
Didactic potential of the e-course in the training of cadets – future juvenile inspectors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction. Online technologies are becoming increasingly accessible and popular among young people. However, this not only opens up new opportunities for communication and learning, but also creates the risk of involving minors in destructive Internet communities. Especially urgent issue today is the influence of destructive Internet communities, which promote their destructive activities in social networks and involve minors in them. With the spread of the Internet, minors in the virtual world are increasingly exposed to the influence of people involving them in destructive Internet communities. The article deals with the issue of training cadets – future juvenile inspectors to prevent the involvement of minors in destructive Internet communities. Research methods. The research involves theoretical analysis of pedagogical and educational literature, normative legal acts and Internet sources, general scientific methods of scientific cognition. Results. Considering the preventive activities related to preventing the involvement of minors in destructive Internet communities, it should be noted that this is a very difficult matter. However, during the training process the cadets will develop knowledge, skills and abilities of activities aimed at preventing the involvement of minors in destructive Internet communities, which will make it possible to facilitate the implementation of preventive work for future employees of the Department of Internal Affairs and, at the same time, to train really qualified specialists. In this regard, the author’s e-course “Preventive Activities of a Child Abuse Prevention Officer in Social Networks” and methodological recommendations for its use in the educational process for future juvenile inspectors were developed.
Effect of the Implementation of a Surgical Care Bundle in the Incidence of Surgical Site Infection in Spine Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study Design. Quasi-experimental intervention study. Objective. To assess the effect of a clinical safety and quality improvement plan for patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery on the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI). Summary of Background Data. In recent years, infection surveillance and control programs based on care bundles have been included in surgical protocols. These have proven to be essential tools for the prevention and control of SSI, providing indicators for improvement and allowing the characterization of related risk factors. Methods. A quasi-experimental study was carried out with analysis before and after the introduction of a preventive care bundle (clinical safety and quality improvement plan). Patients who underwent spinal fusion surgery were included. The incidence of SSI up to 90 days after surgery (maximum incubation period) was assessed. The effect of the intervention was evaluated with the adjusted odds ratio (oR) using a logistic regression model. Results. A total of 1554 patients were included, 690 in the period 2007 to 2011 (before) and 864 during 2012 to 2018 (after). SSI incidence decreased from 4.2% to 1.9% after the plan (OR: 0.43; 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.80; P = 0.006). There was also an improvement in the adequacy of antibiotic prophylaxis, preoperative preparation, and hair removal procedure after the introduction of the care bundle. Conclusion. After implementation of the care bundle, the incidence of SSI in spine fusion surgery decreased significantly. Multivariate analysis showed that the care bundle was an independent protective factor. The implementation of these measures should be reinforced on the routine medical practice to reduce the SSI incidence. Level of Evidence: 3
Not for an Age? Robert Lowell’s Historical Moment

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Literary periodization is still a useful practice, but in constant need of revision. As we approach the centenary of Robert Lowell’s birth in 2017, a critical reexamination of the contested concept of an ‘age of Lowell’ is required, both because of its unwarranted, apparently magisterial claim and its untapped potential. This essay recalls the historical circumstances of Irvin Ehrenpreis’s coining of that term and its fraught reception history. Three arguments remain significant: Lowell’s historical position and his own, strongly historicizing poetry changed the poetic discourse of the 1960s and beyond; Lowell participated in and helped shape the ‘identitarian’ turn of the 1960s, and Lowell’s 1973 volume History marked the conclusion of his age-crafting and personal myth-making project. The essay concludes with a brief look at Lowell’s biological age, heretofore rarely considered in Lowell studies. The ‘age of Lowell’ deserves a fresh interpretation.
When Case Studies Are Not Enough: Integrating Experiential Learning Into Business Curricula

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Case studies are one of the most popular teaching tools used in business colleges and universities throughout the United States yet, despite the popularity of the method, case studies cannot substitute for learning that occurs from a direct, personal encounter with the phenomena being investigated. Experiential education integrates students' academic studies with opportunities for direct learning. Through experiential learning, the student must make decisions that are real rather than merely think about a situation or case. In this article, the authors make the case for mandatory experiential programs in all major areas within the business curriculum. They explore the theory behind experiential learning, explore the role of experiential programs in the business curriculum, and discuss the outcome of integrating job shadowing into the curriculum of a regional university business course.
Yield and Economic Aspects of Irrigated Cropping Systems in Eastern Nebraska

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Current economic conditions in agriculture and concerns over ground‐water pollution have led to efforts to find more efficient methods of crop production. A field experiment was initiated in 1982 on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam in eastern Nebraska to examine the effects of manure and increasing levels of N, P, K, and micronutrients on grain yield, return over variable costs (ROVC), and variability of ROVC of an irrigated corn ( Zea mays L.)‐soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]‐wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) rotation (CSW) and irrigated continuous corn (CC). Manure was a good fertilizer substitute for producers who have access to it. Corn yields at optimum N‐rate were 20% greater for rotation corn (RC) than for CC. Optimum economic yields were produced at very moderate levels of applied commercial fertilizer and yield stability was not improved with high fertilizer inputs. The ROVC for CSW was lower than that for CC but was less variable from year to year, indicating a measure of income stability could be attained at the expense of a reduction in ROVC. If wheat were omitted from the rotation, a corn‐soybean (CS) rotation would have average ROVC slightly above that for CC, but variability also would increase to a level comparable with CC. Continuous corn production can be profitable through good fertilizer and irrigation management, but the level of management necessary is greater than that needed when crops are rotated.
CVD TiSiN diffusion barrier integration in sub-130 mn technology nodes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) titanium silicon nitride (TiSiN) has emerged as a strong candidate for a next-generation diffusion barrier material in copper/low-k dielectric back-end-of-line (BEOL) device fabrication. As ionized physical vapor deposition (PVD) Ta(N) barriers currently used in high-volume production begin to exhibit marginal film continuity in high aspect ratio device features, more conformal barrier materials become a requirement. Material, electrical, and reliability properties are strongly influenced by CVD TiSiN film thickness, process sequencing, and incoming surface cleanliness of device features. TiSiN has been shown to possess the necessary material and electrical properties to be successfully integrated in sub-130 nm copper/low-k semiconductor device technology nodes.
Development and modeling of a process for the synthesis of nanostructures based on two-dimensional materials under concentrated solar irradiation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This PhD thesis presents the development of an original process based on concentrating solar energy for the synthesis of nanomaterials based on 2D materials, in particular molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanotubes and fullerene-like nanostructures. It includes several complementary topics such as the solar synthesis, the characterization of the produced nanoparticles and the characterization of the fluid flow encountered in the solar reactor. The work focuses first on the deciphering of the formation mechanisms of the MoS2 and WS2 nanostructures and is then extended to the characterization of the solar process and its improvement for enhancing the selectivity and yield. The manuscript proposes both an in-depth study of the solar processes for the synthesis of nanomaterials as well as a detailed analysis of the mechanisms and constraints specific to MoS2 and WS2 nanostructures, and more generally to transition metal dichalcogenides nanostructures.
Multi-GNSS Meteorology: Real-Time Retrieving of Atmospheric Water Vapor From BeiDou, Galileo, GLONASS, and GPS Observations

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The rapid development of multi-Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs, e.g., BeiDou, Galileo, GLONASS, and GPS) and the International GNSS Service (IGS) Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) brings great opportunities and challenges for real-time determination of tropospheric zenith total delays (ZTDs) and integrated water vapor (IWV) to improve numerical weather prediction, particularly for nowcasting or severe weather event monitoring. In this paper, we develop a multi-GNSS model to fully exploit the potential of observations from all currently available GNSSs for enhancing real-time ZTD/IWV processing. A prototype multi-GNSS real-time ZTD/IWV monitoring system is also designed and realized at the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) based on the precise point positioning technique. The ZTD and IWV derived from multi-GNSS stations are carefully analyzed and compared with those from collocated Very Long Baseline Interferometry and radiosonde stations. The performance of individual GNSS is assessed, and the significant benefit of multi-GNSS for real-time water vapor retrieval is also evaluated. The statistical results show that accuracy of several millimeters with high reliability is achievable for the multi-GNSS-based real-time ZTD estimates, which corresponds to about 1- to 1.5-mm accuracy for the IWV. The ZTD/IWV with improved accuracy and reliability would be beneficial for atmospheric sounding systems, particularly for time-critical geodetic and meteorological applications.
Alpha‐band functional connectivity during cued versus implicit modality‐specific anticipatory attention: EEG‐source coherence analysis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The anticipation of future events based on a background experience is one of the main components of any goal‐directed behavior. Anticipatory attention can be either voluntary (explicit) or involuntary (implicit). We presumed that these two types of anticipatory attention differed in terms of cortical functional organization. We examined this assumption with an experimental model consisting of three experimental sessions (cued attention, implicit learning, and baseline) that were equal in terms of stimuli, motor responses, and cognitive task. Participants were asked to discriminate the temporal order of stimuli within a pair presented in either the visual or auditory sensory modality. Prestimulus functional connectivity was assessed via alpha‐band coherence computed in the source space for preselected regions of interests. Functional links between the cortices of the frontoparietal control system increased during the cued attention condition and did not increase during the implicit anticipation condition. The buildup of implicit anticipation was accompanied by the strengthening of functional links between the intraparietal, ventral premotor, and presupplementary motor areas. It was discovered that both cued and implicit types of anticipation were underlain by functional modality‐specific cortical links.