jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rise and shine: The use of polychromatic short‐wavelength‐enriched light to mitigate sleep inertia at night following awakening from slow‐wave sleep

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Summary Sleep inertia is the brief period of performance impairment and reduced alertness experienced after waking, especially from slow‐wave sleep. We assessed the efficacy of polychromatic short‐wavelength‐enriched light to improve vigilant attention, alertness and mood immediately after waking from slow‐wave sleep at night. Twelve participants (six female, 23.3 ± 4.2 years) maintained an actigraphy‐confirmed sleep schedule of 8.5 hr for 5 nights, and 5 hr for 1 night prior to an overnight laboratory visit. In the laboratory, participants were awakened from slow‐wave sleep, and immediately exposed to either dim, red ambient light (control) or polychromatic short‐wavelength‐enriched light (light) for 1 hr in a randomized crossover design. They completed a 5‐min Psychomotor Vigilance Task, the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, and Visual Analogue Scales of mood at 2, 17, 32 and 47 min after waking. Following this testing period, lights were turned off and participants returned to sleep. They were awakened from their subsequent slow‐wave sleep period and received the opposite condition. Compared with the control condition, participants exposed to light had fewer Psychomotor Vigilance Task lapses ( χ 2 [1] = 5.285, p = 0.022), reported feeling more alert (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale: F 1,77 = 4.955, p = 0.029; Visual Analogue Scale alert : F 1,77 = 8.226, p = 0.005), and reported improved mood (Visual Analogue Scale cheerful : F 1,77 = 8.615, p = 0.004). There was no significant difference in sleep‐onset latency between conditions following the testing period ( t 10 = 1.024, p = 0.330). Our results suggest that exposure to polychromatic short‐wavelength‐enriched light immediately after waking from slow‐wave sleep at night may help improve vigilant attention, subjective alertness, and mood. Future studies should explore the potential mechanisms of this countermeasure and its efficacy in real‐world environments.
"When does it Matter? National Culture, Finance and the Moderating Role of Politics"

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Why are some financial systems based on banks while others on markets? This paper stresses that national culture matters. But it also answer when does it matter? We propose a theory where political interference plays a moderating role in the relationship between culture and finance. We address “identification” concerns adopting a strict definition of culture that focuses only on those dimensions that are inherited, while using Hofstede’s UAI as a proxy for society attitudes that channels those cultural priors. We find that when the discretional power of governments is hardly limited, culture becomes a useless signal for understanding financial systems.
Reactor Materials Program process water piping indirect failure frequency

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Following completion of the probabilistic analyses, the LOCA Definition Project has been subject to various external reviews, and as a result the need for several revisions has arisen. This report updates and summarizes the indirect failure frequency analysis for the process water piping. In this report, a conservatism of the earlier analysis is removed, supporting lower failure frequency estimates. The analysis results are also reinterpreted in light of subsequent review comments.
Game Theory for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An ad hoc network typically refers to any set of networks where all devices have equal status on a network and are free to associate with any other ad hoc network device in link range. In particular, ad hoc network often refers to a mode of operation of IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. A wireless ad hoc network is a decentralized type of wireless network. The network is ad hoc because it does not rely on a pre-existing infrastructure, such as routers in wired networks or access points in managed (infrastructure) wireless networks. The decentralized nature of wireless ad hoc networks makes them suitable for a variety of applications where central nodes cannot be relied on and may improve the scalability of networks compared to wireless managed networks, though theoretical and practical limits to the overall capacity of such networks have been identified. This chapter explores this.
Toward Unconstrained Ear Recognition From Two-Dimensional Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Ear recognition, as a biometric, has several advantages. In particular, ears can be measured remotely and are also relatively static in size and structure for each individual. Unfortunately, at present, good recognition rates require controlled conditions. For commercial use, these systems need to be much more robust. In particular, ears have to be recognized from different angles ( poses), under different lighting conditions, and with different cameras. It must also be possible to distinguish ears from background clutter and identify them when partly occluded by hair, hats, or other objects. The purpose of this paper is to suggest how progress toward such robustness might be achieved through a technique that improves ear registration. The approach focuses on 2-D images, treating the ear as a planar surface that is registered to a gallery using a homography transform calculated from scale-invariant feature-transform feature matches. The feature matches reduce the gallery size and enable a precise ranking using a simple 2-D distance algorithm. Analysis on a range of data sets demonstrates the technique to be robust to background clutter, viewing angles up to +/- 13 degrees, and up to 18% occlusion. In addition, recognition remains accurate with masked ear images as small as 20 x 35 pixels.
Yup’ik elders in museums: ﬁeldwork turned on its head

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter describes efforts begun in 1994 to bring Yup'ik elders in direct contact with museum collections gathered from their region 100 years ago to simultaneously preserve their knowledge and make it available to scholars and Yup'ik community members. The museum artifacts that provided our focus were the 7,000 objects collected by Johan Adrian Jacobsen from Alaska in 1882-3. Housed in Berlin's Museum für Völkerkunde (now the Etnologisches Museum), they constitute the largest unpublished collection of Yup'ik artefacts anywhere in the world, including detailed ethnographic and linguistic information. Bringing information about a major collection home to Alaska is an act of 'visual repatriation' that we hope will illuminate the world view of its creators. Yup'ik elders working side by side with anthropologists and museum professionals can help us better understand the artefacts Jacobsen collected from their area. These are first steps in the two-way process of Yup'ik people owning their past and museum curators realizing the full value of the contents of their attics.
Protective capacities of cell surface-associated proteins of Streptococcus suis mutants deficient in divalent cation-uptake regulators

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Many cell surface-associated, divalent cation-regulated proteins are immunogenic, and some of them confer protection against the bacterial species from which they are derived. In this work, two Streptococcus suis divalent cation uptake regulator genes controlling zinc/manganese and iron uptake ( adcR and fur , respectively) were inactivated in order to study the protective capacities of their cell surface-associated proteins. The results obtained showed overexpression of a set of immunogenic proteins (including members of the pneumococcal histidine triad family previously reported to confer protection against streptococcal pathogens) in S. suis adcR mutant cell surface extracts. Likewise, genes encoding zinc transporters, putative virulence factors and a ribosomal protein paralogue related to zinc starvation appeared to be derepressed in this mutant strain. Moreover, protection assays in mice showed that although neither adcR - nor fur -regulated cell surface-associated proteins were sufficient to confer protection in mice, the combination of both adcR - and fur -regulated cell surface-associated proteins is able to confer significant protection (50 %, P =0.038) against a challenge to mice vaccinated with them.
Do employees matter, or is everything a facade? Effective knowledge management targeting well-being

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The competency trap can occur when organizations become resistant to change due to their existing competencies, leading to a culture of complacency and hindering adaptability and innovation. This paper aims to understand this trap and its hindrance to organizational learning and knowledge acquisition. The study aims to integrate employee well-being into knowledge management (KM) strategies to overcome obstacles and demonstrate its significant contribution to effective KM and improving overall organizational health. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review (SLR) process was used in this research, with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol used to scrutinize articles for review. Only 50 peer-reviewed articles from 2000 to 2023 that focused on KM and employee well-being were included for review. Findings Organizations can tackle the competency trap by managing knowledge effectively and prioritizing employee well-being. When considered for effective KM, the PERMA (positive emotions, engagement, relationship, meaning and accomplishment) facets of well-being strategically supports knowledge sharing and sustainable organizational change through KM. Practical implications Focusing on PERMA facets of well-being in KM, an organization can emphasize employees' sense of achievement, addressing the competency trap to build a culture of knowledge sharing. This approach benefits professionals in developing an effective KM system. Originality/value This paper addresses the challenge of the competency trap, which has gained less academic attention, and explores KM from a well-being perspective.
Insecticidal Activity of Arisaema amurense Maxim. with Various Extraction against Brevicoryne brassicae and Preliminary Screening of Activity Concentration

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The bulbs of Arisaema amurense were used as the experimental material. Uniform design was done for study on various extraction for contacting death and antifeeding against Brevicoryne brassicae. The results showed that ethanol ex- tract possessed high effectiveness of contacting death against Brevicoryne brassicae, the LC50 of death was 8.5 mg·mL-1 in 24 h. Wetdistillation liquid possessed strong effect on antifeeding of Brevicoryne brassicae, the AFC50 of antifeeding were 9.5, 8.8 mg·mL-1 in 24, 48 h respectively. Acetone extracts had indistinctively effect on contacting death and antifeeding of Brevicoryne brassicae. The results of preliminary screening for contacting death and antifeeding against Brevicoryne brassicae showed that ethanol extract with 24.725 mg·mL-1 and wetdistillation liquid with 19.375 mg·mL-1 had strong effect on contacting death and antifeeding of Brevicoryne brassicae simultaneously, the rate of death was 100% in 60 h.
Winter wheat response to plant density in yield contest fields

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Seeding rate recommendations for wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) are often 150–450 seeds m −2 . However, we hypothesize that wheat grown with high resource availability (i.e., fertility and moisture) can maximize yield under considerably lower rates. Our objectives were to explore winter wheat response to low populations under high resource availability using yield‐contest fields as a case study. A factorial experiment evaluated four wheat varieties (i.e., Joe, WB‐Grainfield, Langin, and LCS Revere) exposed to five seeding rates (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 seeds m −2 ) during five seasons in commercial wheat fields managed by yield‐contest winning producers near Leoti, KS. Fields were silt‐loam soils with high available water‐holding capacity, long‐term history of manure application with non‐limiting fertility, and adopted a sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]–fallow–wheat rotation. Plant density ranged from 26 to 341 plants m −2 and yield ranged from 3.2 to 6.8 Mg ha −1 . Water use efficiency of 19.5 kg ha −1 mm −1 suggested no management limitations to yield. Quadratic models portrayed the grain yield–plant density relation well, with 95% of the maximum yield reached at 68 to 91 plants m −2 for crops sown at the optimum date (4 out of 5 years), and at 312 plants m −2 for a late‐sown crop. Greater fall temperature accumulation reduced the relative yield between the maximum and minimum seeding rates. There was no variety × plant density interaction and Langin was the most consistent yielding variety across environments. Optimum plant density for winter wheat in environments with high resource availability may be considerably lower than current recommendations.
‘The thing will be alive’: Nancy Newhall and a Vision for Photography

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From the 1940s until 1974, the American curator, writer and editor Nancy Newhall was a pivotal and visionary figure in the emergence of the field of creative photography in the USA. Newhall's collaborative work over these decades was foundational in establishing a framework for creative practice in photography – including exhibitions, institutions, publications and public discourse. Newhall's personal correspondence, in particular, illuminates her bold advocacy in developing a constellation of opportunities to support the practise of and public audience for creative photography, while her published writing and collaborative creative work with photographers created a framework for text and image experiments.
FZJ-IKP(TH)-2001-01 Complete analysis of pion–nucleon scattering in chiral perturbation theory to third order

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider pion–nucleon scattering in heavy–baryon chiral perturbation theory to third order. All electromagnetic corrections appearing to this order are included. We thus have a consistent description of strong and electromagnetic effects, which allows us to isolate the strong part of the interaction in an unambiguous way. We give pion–nucleon phase shifts up to pion laboratory momenta of 100 MeV and find sizeable differences for the S–waves of the elastic channels compared to previous phase shift analyses. The precise description of the scattering process also allows us to address the question of isospin violation in the strong interaction. For the usually employed triangle relation we find an isospin breaking effect of −0.7 % in the S–wave, whereas the P–waves show an effect of −1.5 % and −4 to −2.5%, respectively, for pion laboratory momenta between 25 and
RELATIONSHIP OF PLASMA ANTITHROMBIN (AT) AND PROTEIN C (PC) AFTER ACUTE LUNG INJURY AND SEPSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Multitraumas are often associated with depletion of endogenous anticoagulants such as PC and AT. The aim of this study was to determine plasma concentration of these anticoagulants in sheep following burn and smoke inhalationinduced acute lung injury (ALI) and sepsis. Methods: Female sheep (N = 20) were operatively prepared to study. Seven days after recovery, a tracheostomy was performed under anesthesia and the sheep were randomized to the following study groups: Sham (N = 5, non-injured, non-treated); ALI (N = 6), received 3rd degree 40% total body surface area flame burn and insufflation with 48 breaths of cotton smoke; S, (N = 5), received insufflation with 48 breaths of cotton smoke followed by instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the lungs; Treated (T) [ALI or S animals were treated with recombinant human antithrombin (rhAT) and recombinant activated PC (rAPC)]. Plasma AT and PC were assayed using a COAMATIC® kit. Data is reported as mean ± SE. Results: AT levels decreased significantly in the ALI group (0 h:100 ± 0, 3 h:57.3 ± 5.2, 12 h:22.8 ± 4.9, 24 h:47.6 ± 9.4) and sepsis group (0 h:100 ± 0, 3 h:124.8 ± 8.8, 12 h:89 ± 4.2, 24 h:44.8 ± 5.4) as compared to sham animals. PC levels in ALI sheep did not differ at all time points (0 h:100 ± 0, 3 h:101 ± 5.9, 12 h:84.9 ± 8.1, 24 h:83.7 ± 19), while PC levels decreased in sepsis animals (0 h:100 ± 0, 3 h:97.2 ± 14.2, 12 h:69.7 ± 10.7, 24 h:41.6 ± 8.5). RhAT therapy ameliorated cardiopulmonary morbidity in both ALI and S. Treatment with rAPC improved cardiopulmonary function in septic sheep, but not in ALI sheep. Conclusion: These data demonstrates an inverse relationship between AT and PC in ALI. Restoration of the depleted levels of endogenous anticoagulants may be useful in management of multitraumas. Supported by PO12GM066312; R01GM60688; SBI 8450; SBI 8954; SBI 8820
Seasonal occupancy of abandoned mines by cave-dwelling bats in the western Blue Mountains, New South Wales

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cave-dwelling microbats are known to occupy abandoned mines, which can be important habitat for threatened species. Surveys and monitoring between 2012 and 2014 in Mugii Murum-ban State Conservation Area identified use of three adits from historic mine workings by three species: Chalinolobus dwyeri, Miniopterus orianae oceanensis and Rhinolophus megaphyllus. One of the adits is a potential small maternity roost for the threatened M. o. oceanensis, as indicated by captures of pregnant females in December 2014, as well as increased emergence counts and call activity in spring compared with autumn. While there were some signs of reproducing R. megaphyllus at the adits (a single pregnant female in late October, and postlactating females and juveniles in February) the complete absence of females during December trapping indicated otherwise. Use of the three adits was typical for roost and access preferences of the species, with only R. megaphyllus occupying a doored adit and all species recorded at a large unobstructed adit, and a shallow adit likely only used as a night roost by all species.
Parallel Supercomputing in Cognitive Brain Imaging Other Massive 3-D Dataspaces

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract : This instrumentation grant supported the purchase of a small supercomputer for cognitive brain imaging and other large 3D dataspaces. The machine that was purchased was an SGI (Silicon Graphics) Origin 2000 parallel supercomputer with 14 CPU's, 7 gigabytes of main memory, 750 gigabytes of disk storage, and 5 terabytes of fast tape storage. In addition, 6 SGI Unix workstations were purchased for graphics display and processing, and 9 NT/Intel workstations for local data analysis. The machines are networked in a 100mbit LAN. The area of computing in functional brain imaging and other massive 3-D dataspaces has extraordinary scientific, medical, and commercial potential. The potential application to DoD is the ability to measure brain function during the performance of high workload tasks, such as decision making, communication, and visualization. The measurement of the brain function provides a new way to measure cognitive workload, its limitations, and its efficiencies. These new methods have implications for the selection and training of personnel, and for the design of human computer interfaces. The research develops methods for measuring brain activation in the cortex during the performance of high level cognitive tasks and in dynamic decision making, in order to evaluate the cognitive workload imposed on an operator by various tasks, situations, interfaces, or instruments. The fMRI data are acquired at a high rate (one brain slice about 5 mm thick consisting of 64x128 voxels approximately every 200 msec), in tasks taking a total of about 15 minutes each. The data are then subjected to signal processing and statistical modeling techniques, to discover the spatial and temporal patterns of cortical activation in a network of brain areas that underlie higher level cognition.
基于隐马尔可夫模型（HMM）的声识别

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eleven patients with hypoplasia and partial or complete aplasia of the ulna (examples of a complex spectrum of postaxial forearm and hand abnormalities) were reviewed. Three types of ulnar deformity were observed: (1) hypoplasia, (2) partial aplasia (ossification of the proximal part of the ulna present at birth); and (3) total aplasia (ossification not development). The roentgenographically "absent" segment of the ulna may be a large fibrocartilaginous anlage attached distally to the distal radial epiphysis or the ulnar side of the carpus, or both. The tethering effect of this band may cause ulnar deviation of the wrist (and hand) and dislocation of th badial head in utero as well as progression of these deformities after birth. Resection of the distal end of the fibrocartilaginous anlage during the first to second year of life is recommended, since the results of this procedure suggest that it reduces the angular growth deformities. It is also suggested that if the one-bone-forearm operation is indicated, it should be deferred until a later age, since complications may be less likely to occur then than at the time that the anlage is resected.
SH1418573.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
The Politics at the Bottom of the Pyramid

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Words are bent and bowed, sometimes forged from scratch, to provide meanings that give sense to our daily lives and practices. This chapter demonstrates that buzzwords such as “innovation” and “inclusion” are the subject of similar interpretative battles, in the same way that post-development scholars have analysed the notion of development itself. In considering the buzzwords that serve as discursive bridges between the worlds of innovation and development, the chapter highlights “self-help” and “inclusion” as being particularly relevant. In the case of IIMB, innovation is focused on individual entrepreneurs, companies and social enterprises able to address issues at the Bottom of the Pyramid by developing innovative technologies and business models that are inclusive and financially viable at the same time. The chapter suggests that innovation for development is an interpretively flexible political discourse in the making that stands on highly contested ground.