jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Labour in opposition 1951–64

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1997 Tony Blair broke with tradition by naming education as a major priority for the General Election Manifesto. In the past, Labour leaders had tended to give education a much lower priority. Despite this, Blair has been greatly criticised for his educational programme 1997-2001. Was he taking education away from traditional labour values of fairness and equality? Was Blair's 'Third Way' just 'Thatcherism in Trousers'?Denise Lawton approaches such questions by analysing labour education policies since 1900 and shows that from the very beginning the labour Party lacked unity and ideological coherence concerning education. Specifically, there has always been a tension between those like the early Fabians who saw educational reform in terms of economic efficiency, and the ethical socialists whose vision of a more moral society stressed the importance of social justice in education. After an assessment of Labour ideologies in the past, this book concludes with an examination of New Labour and the 'Third Way' in education and suggests some changes that will be necessary in the near future.
C−S‐Selective Stille‐Coupling Enables Stereodefined Alkene Synthesis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A palladium‐catalyzed highly C−S‐selective Stille cross‐coupling between aryl thianthrenium salts and tri‐ or tetrasubstituted alkenyl stannanes is described. Herein, critical challenges including site‐ and chemoselectivity control are well addressed through C−H thianthrenation and C−S alkenylation, thereby providing an expedient access to stereodefined tri‐ and tetrasubstituted alkenes in a stereoretentive fashion. Indeed, the palladium‐catalyzed Stille‐alkenylation of poly( pseudo )halogenated arenes displays privileged capability to differentiate C−S over C−I, C−Br, C−Cl bonds, as well as oxygen‐based triflates (C−OTf), tosylates (C−OTs), carbamates and sulfamates under mild reaction conditions. Sequential and multiple cross‐couplings via selective C−X functionalization should be widely applicable for increasing functional molecular complexity. Modular installation of stereospecific alkene motifs into pharmaceuticals illustrated the synthetic application of the present protocol in drug discovery.
Levobupivacaine inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of breast cancer cells by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objective This study aimed to test the hypothesis that levobupivacaine has anti-tumour effects on breast cancer cells Results Colony formation and transwell assay were used to determine breast cancer cells proliferation. Flow Cytometry (annexin V and PI staining) was used to investigate breast cancer cells apoptosis. The effects of levobupivacaine on cellular signalling and molecular response were studied with Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and western blot. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed by cell viability, morphological changes showed cell shrinkage, rounding, and detachments from plates. The results of the western blot and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction indicated activation of active caspase-3 and inhibition of FOXO1. The results of the flow Cytometry confirmed that levobupivacaine inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and Western blot analysis showed increased p21 and decreased cyclin D. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and western blot analysis showed that levobupivacaine significantly increased Bax expression, accompanied by a significant decreased Bcl-2 expression and inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. These findings suggested that levobupivacaine inhibits proliferation and promotes breast cancer cells apoptosis in vitro.
Metformin prevents morphine-induced apoptosis in rats with diabetic neuropathy: a possible mechanism for attenuating morphine tolerance

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Morphine is a drug of choice for the treatment of severe and chronic pain, but tolerance to the antinociceptive effect limits its use. The development of tolerance to morphine has recently been associated with neuronal apoptosis. In this study, our aim was to investigate the effects of metformin on morphine-induced neuronal apoptosis and antinociceptive tolerance in diabetic rats. Three days of cumulative dosing were administered to establish morphine tolerance in rats. The antinociceptive effects of metformin (50 mg/kg) and test dose of morphine (5 mg/kg) were considered at 30-min intervals by thermal antinociceptive tests. To induce diabetic neuropathy, streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. ELISA kits were used to measure caspase-3, bax and bcl-2 levels from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissue. Semi-quantitative scoring system was used to evaluate apoptotic cells with the the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. The findings suggest that co-administration of metformin with morphine to diabetic rats showed a significant increase in antinociceptive effect compared to morphine alone. The antinociceptive tests indicated that metformin significantly attenuated morphine antinociceptive tolerance in diabetic rats. In addition, metformin decreased the levels of apoptotic proteins caspase 3 and Bax in DRG neurons, while significantly increased the levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Semiquantitative scoring showed that metformin provided a significant reduction in apoptotic cell counts in diabetic rats. These data revealed that metformin demonstrated antiapoptotic activity in diabetic rat DRG neurons and attenuated morphine tolerance. The antiapoptotic activity of metformin probably plays a significant role in reducing morphine tolerance.
ROLE OF PROGESTERONE IN OVARIAN FOLLICULAR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE SHEEP

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY The role of progesterone in ovarian follicular growth and development was studied in female sheep. In Experiment 1, ovarian venous concentrations of oestradiol and ovarian follicular steroidogenesis were assessed during seasonal anoestrus and compared with those observed during the luteal phase of the breeding season. Ovarian venous blood was sampled for six hours, at the end of which time the ovaries were removed so the steroidogenic function of the follicles could be measured by the amount of oestradiol and total androgen produced in vitro. Ovarian venous concentrations of oestradiol during anoestrus were about half those during the luteal phase. The ovaries of anoestrous ewes contained equal numbers of small follicles ( 4 mm) during the uteal phase but none during anoestrus. Small follicles produced equal amounts of oestradiol in vitro in the two seasons, but medium follicles of anoestrous ewes produced more than medium follicles from luteal phase ewes. The same pattern applied to total androgen production and thus the oestradiol:androgen (E:A) ratio. The large follicles from the luteal phase produced the most oestradiol and the least total androgen. Experiment 2 tested whether these differences were due to seasonal differences in progesterone concentrations. Follicles were collected from two groups of anoestrous ewes, one of which was pretreated with a single injection of exogenous progesterone. The four largest ovarian follicles were dissected and cultured in vitro. In all cases, oestradiol production from follicles >3 mm was greater than that from follicles 3 mm follicles was reduced by progesterone priming, so the E:A ratio was greatly increased. These observations suggest that progesterone facilitates follicular function during the breeding season, possibly by stimulating the aromatization of androgens, and that absence of this effect may be one of the factors limiting follicle development past the 4 mm stage during seasonal anoestrus.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Susceptibility Patterns among Gram-negative Bacteria Isolated from ICU–An Indian Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Antimicrobial Resistance is a major concern.The rising trend has created a nuisance affecting the global economy and sustainable development Goals.Data about antimicrobial resistance therefore might help in knowing the trends and acting.Critical care patients are prone to develop nosocomial infections.A brief knowledge about this would help in the judicious use of antibiotics.This multicentric study was undertaken to understand the trends in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance pattern, Multidrug Resistance (MDR)/ Extensive Drug Resistance (XDR)/Pan-drug Resistance (PDR), among GNB isolates from respiratory, urinary, and bloodstream samples from Indian ICUs.Methods: This is a retrospective study done in 16 Indian adult intensive care units (ICUs).The sensitivity pattern of defined GNB isolates against defined antibiotics was analyzed.Results: A total of 20,874 isolates of A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli from the included samples were obtained A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa species showed a higher prevalence of XDR than MDR whereas K. pneumonia detected MDR.Among all the GNBs in this study, A. baumannii was the most carbapenem-resistant organism (XDR) and K. pneumoniae demonstrated the highest percentage of PDR strains both being higher in the respiratory and bloodstream isolates than that in the urinary isolates. Conclusion:This study shows high Prevalence of MDR/XDR GNB is high in Indian ICUs.Using the right antibiotic or introducing various strategies along with infection control measures can help in reducing antimicrobial resistance.
Altered Expression of Inflammation Genes in Preimplantation Kidney Biopsies of Extended Criteria Donors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Changes to an organ can occur at the time of brain death and a series of inflammatory proteins are generated within the organ. It is not known whether this inflammatory similarly affects the kidneys from extended (ECD) and standard (SCD) criteria donors and because we have previously reported that preimplantation kidney biopsies from ECD donors have a heavier inflammatory profile when compared with SCD donors. In the present study we extended our results using great number of genes and seeking to identify some immunologic pathways involved in the mechanism of sterile inflammation. Methods Pretransplant kidney biopsies (Bx) were obtained from ECD (n=40) and SCD (n=40). Gene expression profile measured by Real Time qPCR Array representing expression levels of genes indicative of inflammation (IL-10, IL-1b, TNF-α, MCP-1, NFK-b, TLR-4, HMGB1, IFN-gamma, TGF-b, Myd-88), cytoprotection (HO-1, HIF-1a), apoptose (CASP-1) and intercellular adhesion (ICAM-1) and correlated with donor variables. Results ECD donors were older had more cerebrovascular accident, arterial hypertension and diabetes (p<0.01) and recipients of ECD kidneys had renal function and 24h proteinuria worst 1 year after transplantation (p<0.006). Genes IL-10, IL-1 β, TLR-4, HMGB-1, HIF-1 and CASP-1 were significantly more expressed in biopsies from ECD than SCD. Presence of DGF, acute rejection, was not associated with any individual transcript. Conclusions The present results confirm and expand our previous findings that ECD kidney is highly inflamed when compared with SCD and that a Myd-88 independent pathway of innate immunity may be activated. We appreciate the FAPESP (#2014/25831-5) for the financial support.
Treatment of infected pancreatic pseudocysts using a novel, dedicated covered self-expandable metal stent (CSEMS) with an effective antimigration system

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided treatment has become the preferred approach for managing pancreatic pseudocysts because it is associated with a lower morbidity rate compared with surgical and percutaneous approaches [1]. The disadvantages of the endoscopic approach are the need for multiple revisions because of obstruction of plastic stents, patient discomfort, and dislodgment of stents after placement of a nasocystic catheter. The most appropriate type of stent for drainage is currently a major area of interest. Covered self-expandable metal stents (CSEMSs) have recently been used for drainage of pseudocysts [2] [3] [4] [5]. Use of CSEMSs allows creation of a larger-diameter access fistula, an increase in the final success rate, and a reduction in the time for resolution, even in complicated cysts [3] [4] [5]. One problem with using a CSEMS is the risk of stent migration.
EXPLORING IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT TACTICS AMONG CLINICAL NURSES: A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS BASED ON INDIVIDUAL AND PROFESSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

The study aimed to determine which impression management (IM) tactics clinical nurses use and how these tactics vary according to nurses' personal-professional characteristics and IM views. This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with the participation of 268 clinical nurses working in a Training and Research Hospital in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. Data were collected using a descriptive information form and the Impression Management Tactics Scale. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used in data analysis. According to the results of the analysis, nurses used self-promotion and ingratiation tactics the most and intimidation tactic the least. The use of these tactics varied depending on factors such as gender, age, marital status, nursing, and institutional experience, unit, position, shift type, willingness to choose the profession, job satisfaction, cooperation with colleagues, and the impressions formed about them by the people they work within the same institution. However, no significant difference was found between the tactics and factors related to educational level, working hours, organizational satisfaction, achievement of professional goals, and impressions made on others. The results suggest that the use of IM tactics may vary according to nurses' personal-professional characteristics and their views on IM. It would be beneficial for nurses to be aware of impression management tactics and consciously manage their impressions. Therefore, it is recommended that nurse managers should focus on developing an appropriate work environment and culture for nurses to use IM tactics effectively. This may contribute to improving patient care quality and outcomes.
High versus low intensity exercise training in pulmonary rehabilitation: is more better?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background:Exercise training is considered a necessary component of comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation. However, to date, there is no consensus on an exercise training strategy for pulmonary rehabilitation, and this has resulted in varied approaches to this intervention in its literature. As in healthy individuals, the effect of exercise training on patients with chronic lung disease is dose dependent, with higher intensities resulting in greater physiological adaptations than lower intensities. Results:It is not clear from our review of the literature that these enhanced physiological effects from higher levels of exercise training translate into a reduced burden of symptoms, hence a better quality of life. Indeed, there is some evidence that pulmonary rehabilitation approaches incorporating lower intensities of exercise training are at least as good in improving questionnaire rated symptoms of health status. This provides food for thought, since the prominent goal of pulmonary rehabilitation should be to reduce bothersome symptoms or enhance health status, not simply increase endurance time on a cycle ergometer.
[Glucocorticosteroids in the treatment of subglottic laryngitis in children].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Subglottic laryngitis is one of the acute children's diseases, directly caused by a violently growing edema of the subglottic area. Its symptoms generally appear very suddenly, when children seem to be in perfect health, at night, several hours after falling asleep. Their symptoms included barking cough, clear voice, stridor, inspiratory dyspnoea with participation of auxiliary respiratory muscles, excitation and anxiety of a child, changes in skin coloration. The movement of the wings of the nostrils is intensified. In especially severe cases, agitation, cyanosis, pallor of skin, obnubilation, apnea, loss of consciousness and circulatory failure may also occur. Subglottic laryngitis is a disease, which can threaten the life of a small child. The aim of this study was to observe efficacy of the treatment of the subglottic laryngitis with glucocorticoids, especially budesonide in nebulization. The research covered 169 children: 58 girls (34.31%) and 111 boys (65.69%) aged 9. months do 5. years (mean 3 years 6 months) hospitalized in the Children's Hospital in Warsaw with the following symptoms: dry barking cough, stridor, inspiratory dyspnoea with the participation of auxiliary respiratory muscles, agitation and change of colour of skin. The examination of each patient included subjective, objective (pediatric and laryngological). Disease severity was assessed by a clinical croup score based on stridor, cough retractions, dyspnoea and cyanosis and the overall clinical assessment was scored on a visual scale. The results indicate that nebulised budesonide can be used as a safe and effective alternative treatment in children with moderate to severe subglottic laryngitis.
Effect of rhTGF-β1 on Growth of NRK Cell in vitro

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Conference Abstract| October 01 2000 Effect of rhTGF-β1 on Growth of NRK Cell in vitro Xie Jun; Xie Jun 1Xinjian Southern Road 86#, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Niu Bo; Niu Bo 1Xinjian Southern Road 86#, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Kang WY; Kang WY 1Xinjian Southern Road 86#, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Wang HZ; Wang HZ 1Xinjian Southern Road 86#, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Chen NL Chen NL 1Xinjian Southern Road 86#, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (2000) 28 (5): A338. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a338c Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Xie Jun, Niu Bo, Kang WY, Wang HZ, Chen NL; Effect of rhTGF-β1 on Growth of NRK Cell in vitro. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 2000; 28 (5): A338. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a338c Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2000 Biochemical Society2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Effect of streptomycin,H7 on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in myocardium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim To investigate the effect of streptomycin,H7 on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in rat hearts.Method Isolated normal adult rat hearts were perfused by Langendorff method,and the left ventricle was stretched for 30 minutes by dilating the balloon. The ventricular HIF-1α,VEGF mRNA expressions were measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and normalized to β-actin,and whether SACs,PKC played an important role in HIF-1α,VEGF expression with streptomycin(a stretch-activated channel inhibitor) ,H7(a PKC inhibitor) was analysed. And HIF-1α,VEGF were examined by immunohistochemical method. The protein of HIF-1α was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with no stretch group,the expression of the HIF-1α,VEGF mRNA increased significantly in stretch without streptomycin,H7 group(P0.05 or P0.01) .Streptomycin,H7 could decrease the expression of HIF-1α,VEGF mRNA(P0.05) ,but it could not be completely eliminated(P0.05). The HIF-1α protein was dectected in four groups through Western blot.Conclusion Streptomycin can inhibit HIF-1α,VEGF expression induced by left ventricular dilation, which implies ventricular dilation can lead to HIF-1α, VEGF expression through SACs-PKC-signal transduction.But streptomycin cannot inhibit HIF-1α,VEGF expression completely, which means there are still other unknown ways to induce HIF-1α,VEGF expression and ventricular hypertrophy.
The Mars High Resolution Advanced Radar for 2005 Space Mission

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Introduction: In January 2001 the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Science Definition Team (SDT) recommended that a subsurface profiling radar be flown sometime as part of the Mars Exploration Program (MEP) and that, for the 2005 launch opportunity, be considered for flight as a Group II Science objective. Further to this recommendation, NASA and ASI (the Italian Space Agency) are considering the possibility of a shallow subsurface sounding radar (SHARAD) to be flown on the MRO. Given the nominal characteristics of the 2005 mission, ASI envisaged an instrument whose scientific objectives must be complementary to the MARSIS experiment [1], defined in the context of the objectives of the Mars Express mission, and in the more general frame of the current open issues in the study of Mars. The primary objective of SHARAD is to map the distribution of water, both liquid and solid, in the upper portions of the crust of Mars (the penetration depth shall be 300÷1000m), at range resolution scales of tens of meters and spatial resolution of the order of some hundred of meters. Crust Composition Models and Characterization of the Martian Surface: Although a multitude of different chemical compositions is present at the surface of Mars, it is necessary to select a few representative materials as most meaningful for electromagnetic studies. Among them we have considered various forms of basalt, carbonate, eolian, fluvial and indurated sediments, crater ejecta and volcanic ash. As a matter of fact, given the values of their dielectric constant, these materials can be considered end members of the range in which the first layer of the Martian surface materials may vary. For the sake of simplicity all the considered materials have been grouped in six categories according to their dielectric properties that are listed in Tab. 1.