jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Constructing a student data warehouse

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The University of Pittsburgh currently employs a student system established more than a decade ago using SCT ISIS, which has been highly customized over the years. This mainframe legacy system lacks the flexibility to provide ad hoc reporting or web-enabling of queries and reports. Many University schools, departments, and programs require customized reports and frequently maintain their own shadow systems in order to be able to flexibly query data and produce ad hoc reports. The number of queries and reports that are maintained both centrally and in shadow systems, coupled with the frequency in which changes are needed clearly signals the need for a stable and reliable ad hoc query and reporting system.Attempts to develop a student data warehouse over the past five years have been largely unsuccessful for three reasons: the inability to reach consensus on a security model, a data model, and the difficulty in identifying an appropriate query tool. These problems were overcome through the implementation of a cooperative strategy between developers and stakeholders in which business requirements and functional specifications were clearly developed prior to the completion of a design specification document.The assessment process underlined the need for a system in which all available data elements from the current student system are available for query and that the system is sufficiently flexible to allow for general "canned" queries and reports and to permit users to employ a data query tool to design their own queries and reports. Skilled users will have the ability to employ other data mining tools, such as SAS or even Microsoft Access to query and analyze data via SQL query processes.This presentation will describe the development process in detail and examine the results of the current development efforts, still ongoing at the time of this writing.
Utilization of "Intersection" Methodology for Optimization with Many Objectives in Designed Experiments of Material Processing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Material processing involves many factors, and evaluation of final quality of a product also relates to many indexes from different respects. Thus the optimization of qualities and processing of a product is an optimization problem with many objectives (MOO) inevitably. Although there are some approaches proposed to deal with optimization problem with many objectives in nowadays, the inherent shortcomings in these approaches make them puzzled, which include their missing standpoint and use of additive algorithm containing subjective factors. Currently, an "intersection" methodology for optimization with many objectives is proposed by initiating a novel idea of favorable probability to depict the favorite degree of an alternative in optimal option impersonally, which aims to characterize the concurrent optimization of many objectives in a system in spirits of probability theory and set theory. In this article, some regulations are put forward for performing optimal option of material processing parameters in designed experiments of response surface methodology, orthogonal experiment design and uniform experiment design by means of the total / global favorable probability. In the treatment, the total / global favorable probability of an alternative is the decisive indicator in the optimal option uniquely, which transfers the optimization problem with many objectives into a mono-objective one. The result indicates that the novel approach can be employed to deal with the optimal problem of designed experiments for material processing rationally.
Asymptotic Distribution of Time-Series Intermittency Estimates: Applications to Economic and Clinical Data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The intermittency of a time series can be defined as its normalized difference in scaling parameters. We establish the central limit theorem for the estimates of intermittency under the null hypothesis of a random walk. Simulations of random walks indicate that the distribution of intermittency estimates is slightly negatively skewed and positively biased, but that the skewness and bias approach zero as the length of the random walks increases. We provide a formula by which the sample variance of the intermittency estimates of these simulations can be used to approximate the standard error of the intermittency for any large . These results can be used to test whether the intermittency estimate of an observed long time series is significantly greater than zero, the intermittency of a random walk. This test reveals that the intermittency estimates of the S&P 500 index and of the heart rate of a human adult are significantly positive. The hypothesis testing proposed in this paper can also be applied to other observed time series to determine whether their intermittency estimates are sufficiently high for the series to be considered intermittent, or whether their estimates are small enough to be consistent with a random walk.
Reading the Mind of Ajax

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter focuses on Sophocles’ Ajax to show how tragedy dramatizes the utility of mindreading as one model for the human capacity to envision the thoughts, intentions, and emotions of others. As an especially cerebral and self-conscious form of social cognition, mindreading is required and rewarded by the baffling, unforeseen, and disruptive events that typically occur within a tragic plot. An especially challenging event in Ajax is a powerful, eloquent, and enigmatic speech, in which the hero Ajax seemingly renounces a previously announced intention of killing himself, and which is in turn seemingly contradicted when he in fact goes on to kill himself. Sophocles gives no clear insight into the motivation behind this speech, which is difficult to interpret through conventional models of literary characterization, but he does provide a portrait of Ajax’ friends and supporters applying their mind-reading skills to make sense of it, drawing in particular on the folk-psychological concept of change of mind. At the same time, Sophocles makes it clear that these acts of proficient mindreading reflect not only the capacities but also the limitations of human cognition: the concept of change represents humans’ experience of their ephemeral, unstable existence in a universe ruled by unchanging gods.
First Steps toward the Geometry of Cophylogeny

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Here we introduce researchers in algebraic biology to the exciting new field of cophylogenetics. Cophylogenetics is the study of concomitantly evolving organisms (or genes), such as host and parasite species. Thus the natural objects of study in cophylogenetics are tuples of related trees, instead of individual trees. We review various research topics in algebraic statistics for phylogenetics, and propose analogs for cophylogenetics. In particular we propose spaces of cophylogenetic trees, cophylogenetic reconstruction, and cophylogenetic invariants. We conclude with open problems.
Year 2 of the “Great Recession”: Surviving the Present by Building the Future

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT During Fiscal Year 2008–2009 the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) surveyed its 123 members on the impact of the worldwide contraction and reported the results (see http://www.arl.org/sparc/meetings/ala09/index.shtml). The findings indicate the emergence of drastic steps needed to "right size" budgets that were reduced to meet institutional loss of income from a variety of sources, particularly tax support and endowment earnings. The impact of the 1st year of the downturn was taken primarily from operations and staff with large efforts to protect acquisitions. Every indicator pointed to this trend not being sustainable for the next fiscal period. A 2nd survey, conducted in the fall of 2009, indicated that the crisis has grown worse for Fiscal Year 2009–2010. It is anticipated that the steep decline in institutional revenues will continue throughout the year with repeated reductions and cyclical need to constrain expenditures. The necessary budget cutbacks are having an impact on all segments of ARL member library budgets—operations, staff, and acquisitions. It is clear that the elements of recovery being seen worldwide will have no positive impact for higher education in North America for the current fiscal year and likely beyond. Primary income sources have not recovered—state tax revenues are down, endowment expenditures are being eliminated in hopes of growing capital, and tuition is increases are being restrained. The depth of the recession has accelerated a process in the research library community that has been underway for some years. This process is aimed at fundamentally reshaping the mission of the research library to meet transformational changes eventuating from the higher education and scholarly communication environments.
Cambios en las comunidades bacterianas de suelo luego de una contaminación con hexadecano

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports on changes in the soil bacterial community from a petroleum zone of Argentina. Changes were observed in a microcosm test which was subject to contamination with hexadecane. The determination of hydrocarbons and bacterial counts were performed weekly. Changes in bacterial diversity were determined by the analysis of membrane fatty acids (FAMEs), identified and quantified by gas chromatography using according to MIDI parameters. It was observed that contamination with hexadecane cause a disturbance in the soil leading to a change in the bacterial community structure.
Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Organochlorine Pesticides in Agricultural Soil from Xiamen City

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The concentration and distribution of 15 organochlorine pesticides in the soil of Xiamen City were determined. Overall, among the 15 selected target pesticides, 14 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were detected (hexachlorobenzene was not). The range of detected pesticides was undetected−10.04 ng/g, the total detection rate was 35.2%, and the three pollutants with the highest detection rate in all samples were Heptachlor (66.7%), δ-Hexachlorocyclohexane (60.0%), and p, p′-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (58.3%). The degree of pollution in descending order was Tong’an > Xiang’an > Jimei > Haicang. Linear regression analysis of soil properties and OCP concentration distribution revealed that OCPs were positively correlated with water content, dissolved organic carbon, and pH and negatively correlated with cation exchange capacity. The origin of OCPs was evaluated using the relationship between the parent compound and its metabolites, with possible new hexachlorocyclohexane and isomer (HCHs) input. By comparing the risk screening values of ΣHCHs and ΣDDTs in “Soil Environmental Quality Standards”, the concentrations in all soil samples were lower than the standard values, which indicated that the OCP residues in Xiamen were very low.
Power and Ideology: Vladimir Putin and the Russian Political System

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the ideas that have been offered by the Putin leadership in Russia to justify the concentration of power achieved since 2000. Though Vladimir Putin has said that Russia does not need a state ideology, since early 2006 some officials associated with Putin, including Vladislav Surkov, have called for an ideology for the dominant United Russia Party, and have asserted that Putin’s speeches provide the core of that ideology. This essay discusses Putin’s position on Russia’s commitment to democracy, the relationship between Russia and Europe, and the nature of the international system in which Russia fi nds itself. The author sees the concept of “sovereign democracy” that has been offered by Surkov and endorsed by United Russia as summarizing ideas that already had been articulated by Putin. Putin’s words strongly emphasize the importance of a consensus of values in Russian society and politics. That theme has important implications for the relationship between the state and civil society in Russia. Evans argues that the ideological pronouncements of the Putin leadership refl ect tension between apparently inconsistent principles resulting from a combination of inherently contradictory themes. Putin identifi es the main danger facing Russia in the contemporary period as disintegration rather than stagnation.
On the evaluation of cloud web services for crowdsourcing mobile applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Despite the growing importance of mobile crowd-sourcing applications and cloud computing, little is known about the actual performances of web services deployed within public cloud computing platforms. In order to provide an assessment of the achievable performances in such scenario, we design and implement a back-end general architecture for mobile applications requiring crowd-sourcing. We deploy our back-end in the Microsoft Azure cloud computing platform using the PaaS approach, and we evaluate its performance in terms of autoscaling, response time and request rate; while varying the number of instances, the instance type, and the number of concurrent users. Our results shed light on the achievable performances of web services aimed at ingesting crowdsourced data.
Additional file 1 of CoSTA: unsupervised convolutional neural network learning for spatial transcriptomics analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Additional file 1. Supplementary Fig. 1: Comparison of CoSTA and overlap analysis performance in finding correlated digits to digit 3. 1000 images are sampled from the full MNIST dataset, and each digit contains 100 samples. CoSTA (red bars) uniquely calls samples of digit 3 as correlated to digit 3. However, overlap analysis (blue bars) identifies some instances of all digits as showing some overlap with digit 3. CoSTA is more specific, but less sensitive: CoSTA reports a smaller number of correlated digit 3 images (bottom right) while overlap analysis reports a greater number of correlated digits overall.
Measurement of CP-Violating Asymmetries in the B0->K+K-Ks Dalitz Plot

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a preliminary measurement of CP-violation parameters in the decay B0->K+K-Ks, using approximately 465 million BBbar events collected by the BABAR detector at SLAC. Reconstructing the neutral kaon as Ks->pi+pi- or Ks->pi0pi0, we analyze the Dalitz plot distribution and measure fractions to intermediate states. We extract CP parameters from the asymmetries in amplitudes and phases between B0 and B0bar decays across the Dalitz plot. From a fit to the whole Dalitz plot, we measure beta_eff = 0.44 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.02, A_CP = 0.03 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.02, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. For decays to phiKs, we measure beta_eff = 0.13 +/- 0.13 +/- 0.02, A_CP = 0.14 +/- 0.19 +/- 0.02. For decays to f0Ks, we measure beta_eff = 0.15 +/- 0.13 +/- 0.03, A_CP = 0.01 +/- 0.26 +/- 0.07. From a fit to the region of the Dalitz plot with m_{K+K-}>1.1 GeV/c^2, we measure beta_eff = 0.52 +/- 0.08 +/- 0.03, A_CP = 0.05 +/- 0.09 +/- 0.04.
The Radiographic Assessment of Spinal Flexibility in Scoliosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of a "prone push" posteroanterior radiograph of the spine was reviewed in 58 patients with scoliosis (82 curves) who underwent Harrington instrumentation and spinal fusion. The technique is previously undescribed and is accomplished by applying manual pressure to the apices of each curve with the patient prone on the X-ray table. The average correction obtained for all 82 curves was 21.1 degrees, as measured on the push films and 21.8 degrees postoperatively. The difference between these values was not statistically significant. The close relationship between push film and immediate postoperative correction was not altered by the location of the curve, the sex or age of the patient, the presence of a single- or double-major curve pattern, the type of instrumentation employed, nor the etiology of the scoliosis. This method is an alternative to the commonly employed supine lateral bending radiographs. An estimate of spinal flexibility is important for determination of structural change in the spine, the rigidity of curves considered for instrumentation, the curves requiring fusion, the length of fusion necessary, and the amount of correction that is safely possible.
Performance Enhancement by the In&lt;tex&gt;$_0.65$&lt;/tex&gt;Ga&lt;tex&gt;$_0.35$&lt;/tex&gt;As Pseudomorphic Channel on the In&lt;tex&gt;$_0.5$&lt;/tex&gt;Al&lt;tex&gt;$_0.5$&lt;/tex&gt;As Metamorphic Buffer Layer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have developed the 1-/spl mu/m gate-length devices of In/sub 0.65/Ga/sub 0.65/As pseudomorphic channel (PC) on the In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As metamorphic buffer layer to improve the device performance, as compared with the In/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.5/As lattice matched ones. The dc maximum drain-to-source current and transconductance enhances from 340 to 490 mA/mm and from 450 to 670 mS/mm. The RF current gain cut-off frequency and maximum oscillation frequency increases from 22 to 31 GHz and from 42 to 58 GHz, respectively. The extrinsic total delay times are quantitatively investigated, and the effective velocity of electrons improves from 1.8/spl times/10/sup 7/ cm/s to 2.3/spl times/10/sup 7/ cm/s by this In/sub 0.65/Ga/sub 0.35/As PC.
Long-Range Correlations Between Transmitted and Reected Fluxes of Electromagnetic Waves

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the long-range spatial correlations between intensity fluctuations in speckles formed by multiply scattered light. The correlation function between intensity fluctuations at the opposite boundaries of the slab are analyzed under the conditions of circular polarization memory. It shown that, until the scattered light is depolarized completely, the polarization and scalar contributions to the correlation function are of the same order of magnitude. As the slab thickness increases, their ratio falls off in inverse proportion to the thickness.
Hexanal, a major volatile found in fresh peanut seed, elicits foraging behavior in the laboratory-reared brown marmorated stink bug, <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phytophagous insects utilize visual, olfactory and gustatory cues to find food. The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), quickly approaches fresh peanut seeds newly introduced into the rearing cage in the laboratory but shows less interest in stale peanut seed previously infested by conspecifics. This observation suggests that H. halys can perceive the quality of food by detecting the volatile(s) from fresh peanut seeds. A bioassay revealed that H. halys adults could more quickly find fresh peanut seeds than three-day-infested peanut seeds, which is consistent with laboratory observations. Hexanal was found to be the major volatile component of fresh peanut seeds but not of previously infested ones. In the two-choice assays, the adult bugs that did respond were significantly attracted to fresh peanut volatiles and hexanal. Hexanal also induced proboscis-protruding behavior in adult H. halys, which suggested that this compound is a key stimulant of foraging behavior of laboratory-reared H. halys adults.
Use of the pedicled buccal fat pad in the reconstruction of intraoral defects: a report of five cases.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012;38:116-20) The buccal fat pad is specialized fat tissue located anterior to the masseter muscle and deep to the buccinator muscle. Possessing a central body and four processes it provides separation allowing gliding motion between muscles, protects the neurovascular bundles from injuries, and maintains facial convexity. Because of its many advantageous functions, the use of the buccal fat pad during oral and maxillofacial procedures is promoted for the reconstruction of defects secondary to tumor resection, and those defects resulting from oroantral fistula caused by dento-alveolar surgery or trauma. We used the pedicled buccal fat pad in the reconstruction of intraoral defects such as oroantral fistula, maxillary posterior bone loss, or defects resulting from tumor resection. Epithelization of the fat tissue began 1 week after the surgery and demonstrated stable healing without complications over a long-term period. Thus, we highly recommend the use of this procedure.
Adjustment to trade opening: The case of labor share in India's manufacturing industry

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

While trade opening is generally welfare enhancing, it requires a reallocation of capital and labor across sectors and firms. The empirical evidence on how this reallocation works is still relatively thin. Our paper contributes to this literature by studying how the labor’s share of income adjusted due to trade liberalization in India’s formal manufacturing sector during the period 1998–99 to 2007–08. Our baseline model suggests that a fall in output tariffs led to an increase in the labor share while a fall in input tariffs brought about a decrease in labor share. However, once we control for factor and technology intensity of production, we find that this differential impact of tariff reduction on labor share aligns with these classifications. Tariff liberalization led to a decline in labor share in technology and capital-intensive sectors while in labor-intensive and low-tech sectors it brought about an increase. This suggests that following trade opening, demand for labor improved in labor-intensive and low-tech sectors but deteriorated in capital-intensive and high-tech sectors. India’s manufacturing bias towards the latter explains the overall decline in labor share in the post-reform period. Furthermore, we find that labor adjustment occurred more efficiently in states with flexible labor laws.
Beach‐dune performance assessment of New Jersey beach profile network (NJBPN) sites at Atlantic County, New Jersey

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Richard Stockton College of NJ Coastal Research Center (CRC) has initiated a post‐storm survey and assessment of the New Jersey shoreline in response to severe beach erosion resulting from the impact and landfall of Hurricane Sandy. As a result of the Presidential Disaster Declaration, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has termed the event DR‐NJ‐4086 for reporting/assistance purposes. The analysis for the developed barrier islands of Atlantic County compares data collected before and after the storm. On Brigantine Island, the comparison survey dates were from late‐October to mid‐November. The Absecon Island comparison survey dates were from early June to early November. This initial report is focused on the impact to the Atlantic County dunes and beaches from Hurricane Sandy. The damage details have been organized specific to each municipal segment on the County’s two developed barrier islands. The island of Little Beach is located within the Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge and is not surveyed under the NJ Beach Profile Network program.