jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Are Older Adults Less Subject to the Sunk-Cost Fallacy Than Younger Adults?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The sunk-cost fallacy is a decision-making bias that reflects the tendency to invest more future resources in a situation in which a prior investment has been made, as compared with a similar situation in which a prior investment has not been made (e.g., the tendency to spend more time watching a boring movie one paid to watch than to watch a boring, but free, movie). Most research on this fallacy has been conducted with college students (Arkes & Ayton, 1999). Although a growing number of studies have investigated the sunk-cost fallacy in children, adolescents (Klaczynski, 2001), and nonhuman animals (Navarro & Fantino, 2005), no research has investigated whether older adults are less likely than younger adults to commit the sunk-cost fallacy (cf. Bruine de Bruin, Parker, & Fischhoff, 2007). Drawing from prior research on age differences in negativity and positivity biases in information processing, we hypothesized that older adults would be less likely than younger adults to commit the sunk-cost fallacy. Soman (2004) offered loss aversion as a potential explanation for the sunk-cost fallacy. Supporting evidence comes from research in which young adults have reported that their sunk-cost decisions are motivated by loss avoidance (Frisch, 1993). This focus on losses may reflect younger adults’ negativity bias in information processing. Younger adults weigh negative information more heavily than positive information (Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Finkenauer, & Vohs, 2001). In contrast, older adults demonstrate a positivity effect (Carstensen & Mikels, 2005). Their decisions reflect a more balanced view of gains and losses (Wood, Busemeyer, Koling, Cox, & Davis, 2005). If older adults are less likely than younger adults to focus exclusively on losses, and loss aversion contributes to the sunk-cost fallacy, then older adults may be less likely than younger adults to commit the sunkcost fallacy.
Use of Collection Condoms to Retrieve Sperms in a Patient with Idiopathic Anejaculation/Anorgasmia and Infertility.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Male factor infertility can be challenging to treat. Anejaculation/anorgasmia in men can be distressing for them specially when it is coupled with fertility desires. Understanding the pathophysiology of the condition requires careful evaluation. Although novel techniques exist to retrieve sperms form men suffering from anejaculation/anorgasmia, simple and inexpensive methods should be tried in every possible case.
Optimal transport on large networks, a practitioner's guide

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article presents a set of tools for the modeling of a spatial allocation problem in a large geographic market and gives examples of applications. In our settings, the market is described by a network that maps the cost of travel between each pair of adjacent locations. Two types of agents are located at the nodes of this network. The buyers choose the most competitive sellers depending on their prices and the cost to reach them. Their utility is assumed additive in both these quantities. Each seller, taking as given other sellers prices, sets her own price to have a demand equal to the one we observed. We give a linear programming formulation for the equilibrium conditions. After formally introducing our model we apply it on two examples: prices offered by petrol stations and quality of services provided by maternity wards. These examples illustrate the applicability of our model to aggregate demand, rank prices and estimate cost structure over the network. We insist on the possibility of applications to large scale data sets using modern linear programming solvers such as Gurobi. In addition to this paper we released a R toolbox to implement our results and an online tutorial (http://optimalnetwork.github.io)
Impact of fenestration creation on managing patients with protein losing enteropathy complicating Fontan procedure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Protein losing enteropathy (PLE) is a well known complication following Fontan procedure and one way of managing such complication is to create fenestration if it is not present or enlarging it if it is small to reduce the Fontan pressure and reduce venous congestion which end up by intestinal protein loss. To evaluate the effect of such procedure in our population. From February 2006 through October 2011, 9 patients who underwent fenestration creation due to development of PLE were assessed in regard to clinical, laboratory results and hemodynamic effect prior and post-procedure. Median age is 7 years (4–21), median weight is 23 kg (15–52), male:female ratio is 3.5:1 (male and 2 female), median saturation pre- and post-procedure was 93% and 82%, respectively, median albumin pre- and post-procedure was 18 g/dl and 31 g/dl during the first 2 weeks and 36 g/dl thereafter, median pulmonary artery pressure before and after was 25 mmHg (17–32 mmHg) and 16 mmHg (14–19 mmHg), transpulmonary pressure gradient reduced from a median of 11 mmHg to 5 mmHg, no immediate deaths, 2 patients need re-dilatation, there was 2 (22%) late deaths (one has stent thrombosis 1 month after followed up by fulminant pulmonary embolism, though all patients were on anticoagulant, other one with sudden arrest came to the emergency could not be resuscitated) 3 (33%) patients have persistent low albumin though the fenestration is present in patient. Transcatheter fenestration creation as a management of PLE following Fontan procedure is a feasible procedure, can be done in the cath. lab with little morbidity and mortality and with beneficial effect, however late complication and complete resolving of PLE is of concern especially if done late.
Tax services implications of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Implications of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002 for the rendering of tax services by registered public accounting firms are discussed. Certain tax services performed for an audit client that might impair the independence of the audit firm are investigated. Disclosure requirements for tax service fees are presented. Also presented are potential conflict of interest situations for tax partners. In addition, international implications for tax and legal services are described.
Reprocessing the NEAT Data Set: Preliminary Results

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We have created a new image analysis pipeline to reprocess images taken by the Near Earth Asteroid Tracking survey and have applied it to 10 nights of observations. This work is the first large-scale reprocessing of images from an asteroid discovery survey in which thousands of archived images are recalibrated and searched for minor planets, and the resulting observations are reported to the Minor Planet Center. We describe the software used to extract, calibrate, and clean sources from the images, including specific techniques that accommodate the unique features of these archival images. This pipeline is able to find fainter asteroids than the original pipeline.
BLADE LOAD CONTROL OF WIND TURBINE BASED ON VARIABLE-PITCH CONTROL STRATEGIES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The control strategies of blade loads are proposed for the characteristics of blade stresses of variable-speed variable- pitch wind turbine. Blade loads are divided into two static and dynamic components. The pitch angle and generator torque are controlled by Single neuron PID controller in the static part. Variables are converted from rotational coordinate to fixed coordinate through multi-blade coordinate transformation theory. Then, the control parameters obtained are converted to the one in rotational coordinate frame via multi-blade inverse transformation in the dynamic part. The parameters of static part are added to the parameters of dynamic part, yielding control value for wind turbine pitch control. The external controller of Bladed is designed and the control strategies are simulated by the professional design software Bladed for wind turbines. The control performance of external controller is compared with and that of internal controller. Simulation results show that external controller can reduce the tilt torque of blade root and blade flapwise torque. Thus the proposed external controller possesses a better performance, the correctness of the proposed blade load control strategies is verified.
Boundary Value Problem for the Langevin Equation and Inclusion with the Hilfer Fractional Derivative

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of solution for a boundary value problem for the Langevin equation and inclusion with the Hilfer fractional derivative. First of all, we give some definitions, theorems, and lemmas that are necessary for the understanding of the manuscript. Second of all, we give our first existence result, based on Krasnoselskii’s fixed point, and to deal with the uniqueness result, we use Banach’s contraction principle. Third of all, in the inclusion case, to obtain the existence result, we use the Leray–Schauder alternative. Last but not least, we give an illustrative example.
Bilin Chromophores as Reporters of Unique Protein Conformations of Phycocyanin 645

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

At 45 degrees C, phycocyanin 645 maximally undergoes a reversible and stable conformational change. The change is observed in the visible (chromophore) region of the absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. In the absorption spectrum, the absorbance is lower at 45 degrees C but remains much closer to the normal spectrum than to a strongly denatured spectrum. In the CD, a similar situation exists except that a negative band on the blue edge of the spectrum is much more strongly affected at 45 degrees C than the other bands. On returning to 20 degrees C, all these changes are restored to the original states. The protein is an alpha 2 beta 2 dimer at both 20 and 45 degrees C, and CD in the far-UV shows the identical protein secondary structures at both 20 and 45 degrees C. Fluorescence studies show that energy transfer occurs at both temperatures. At 50 degrees C the results are saliently different as the secondary structure changes and the spectral changes are mostly irreversible. At 50 degrees C, some monomers (alpha beta) are produced, and these monomers are very unstable at that temperature, resulting in the formation of some fully denatured polypeptides. Stable monomers can be produced at 20 degrees C and have visible absorption and CD spectra identical to the dimer at 45 degrees C. Therefore, the chromophores are reporting a tertiary conformational change at 45 degrees C, in which the two halves of the dimer each assume a monomer-like conformation prior to dissociating. These results are compared with a hypothesis for the chromophore topography, and the CD change at the blue edge of the spectra may result from the separation at 45 degrees C of a chromophore pair.
Synthesis and Molecular Recognition Studies of the HNK-1 Trisaccharide and Related Oligosaccharides. The Specificity of Monoclonal Anti-HNK-1 Antibodies as Assessed by Surface Plasmon Resonance and STD NMR

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The human natural killer cell carbohydrate, HNK-1, plays function-conducive roles in peripheral nerve regeneration and synaptic plasticity. It is also the target of autoantibodies in polyneuropathies. It is thus important to synthesize structurally related HNK-1 carbohydrates for optimizing its function-conducive roles, and for diagnosis and neutralization of autoantibodies in the fatal Guillain-Barré syndrome. As a first step toward these goals, we have synthesized several HNK-1 carbohydrate derivatives to assess the specificity of monoclonal HNK-1 antibodies from rodents: 2-aminoethyl glycosides of selectively O-sulfated trisaccharide corresponding to the HNK-1 antigen, its nonsulfated analogue, and modified structures containing 3-O-fucosyl or 6-O-sulfo substituents in the N-acetylglucosamine residues. These were converted, together with several related oligosaccharides, into biotin-tagged probes to analyze the precise carbohydrate specificity of two anti-HNK-1 antibodies by surface plasmon resonance that revealed a crucial role of the glucuronic acid in antibody binding. The contribution of the different oligosaccharide moieties in the interaction was shown by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR of the complex consisting of the HNK-1 pentasaccharide and the HNK-1 412 antibody.
Pengaruh diet dengan pengaturan indeks glikemik dan beban glikemik terhadap kadar glukosa darah atlet sepak bola remaja

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background : Stability of blood glucose level is the important key of football match. Low Glycemic Load (GL) foods can decrease the metabolism change during postprandial time and during exercise. Objective : The purpose of this study was to know the effect of diet with arrangement Glycemic Index (GI) and GL on blood glucose level in young football athletes.Methods : Quasi experimental study on 21 male football athletes aged 14-18 years old at Pusat Pendidikan dan Latihan Pelajar (PPLP) Jawa Tengah. Subjects were divided into three groups : High GI with High GL diet (H-H) with GI=70 GL=47, Low GI with High GL diet (L-H) with GI=35 GL=22, and Low GI with Low GL diet (L-L) with GI=34 GL=6. Subjects fasted before intervention. Data collected were VO2max and body fat percentage, blood glucose level one hour after intervention (BGL 1), blood glucose level two hour after intervention (BGL 2), and blood glucose level after running exercised with distance 2.4 km (BGL 3). Bivariate analysis used Kruskall Wallis test.Results : All of groups have same characteristics of age, body fat precentage, and VO2max. There were significant effect of diet with arrangement GI and GL on BGL 1 and BGL 2 (p<0.05), there was no effect of diet with arrangement GI and GL on BGL 3 (p>0.05).Conclusion : Diets with arrangement Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load affected blood glucose level one hour and two hour after intervention. The increases of blood glucose level occured significantly in group that given low Glycemic Index and low Glycemic Load diet.
A New Synthetic Route to Peptides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Synthetic Route to PeptidesJohn C. Sheehan and Victor S. FrankCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 5, 1856–1861Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01173a095https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01173a095research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views783Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Feed Efficiency and Physiological Parameters of Holstein and Crossbred Holstein × Simmental Cows

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to compare the feed efficiency (FE) and physiological parameters of Holstein and crossbred Holstein × Simmental cows in a confinement system during winter and summer. The study was conducted in a dairy farm in southern Brazil by including a total of 48 multiparous cows. The cows were studied for 21 days in two periods, summer and winter, and their daily dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield (MY), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), body weight, and body condition score were recorded. An analysis of variance was conducted using the SAS statistical package. The results showed that crossbred Holstein × Simmental cows have a similar FE as Holstein cows in a high-production system (1.83 × 1.81 kg DMI/kg MY, respectively), and they can achieve the same production levels as purebred Holstein cows (43.8 vs. 44.5 milk/cow/day). Our findings indicated a difference for the period as both genetic groups achieved higher FE in winter than in summer (1.98 vs. 1.67 DMI/kg MY, respectively). In addition, we found evidence that crossbred cows are better at dissipating body heat during heat-stress situations, as they have higher RR in summer compared to purebred cows, while Holstein cows have higher RT in summer afternoons than crossbred cows. Therefore, using crossbred Holstein × Simmental cows is an alternative for high-production systems.
UNCERTAINTY AND DENSITY FORECASTS OF ARMA MODELS: COMPARISON OF ASYMPTOTIC, BAYESIAN, AND BOOTSTRAP PROCEDURES

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of uncertainty on density forecasts of stationary linear univariate ARMA models. We consider three specific sources of uncertainty: parameter estimation, error distribution, and lag order. Depending on the estimation sample size and the forecast horizon, each of these sources may have different effects. We consider asymptotic, Bayesian, and bootstrap procedures proposed to deal with uncertainty and compare their finite sample properties. The results are illustrated constructing fan charts for UK inflation.
gapseq reconstructions for 5414 genomes from the HRGM collection

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The data set contains genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions for 5414 microbial genomes from the Human Reference Gut Microbiome (HRGM) collection (doi: 10.1186/s13073-021-00950-7). Reconstructions were made using gapseq (development version 1.1, commit: 564668f). When using the models, please cite: Kim, C.Y., Lee, M., Yang, S. et al. Human reference gut microbiome catalog including newly assembled genomes from under-represented Asian metagenomes. Genome Med 13, 134 (2021). DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00950-7 Zimmermann, J., Kaleta, C. & Waschina, S. gapseq: informed prediction of bacterial metabolic pathways and reconstruction of accurate metabolic models. Genome Biol 22, 81 (2021). DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02295-1 The models were reconstructed using the following workflow.

# Reaction & Pathway prediction ./gapseq find -b 200 -v 1 -p all -k -t <Bacteria|Archaea> <genomeID>.fna.gz # Transporter prediction ./gapseq find-transport -b 200 -k <genomeID>.fna.gz # Draft network reconstruction ./gapseq draft -r <genomeID>-all-Reactions.tbl -t <genomeID>-Transporter.tbl -b <Bacteria|Archaea> -c <genomeID>.fna.gz -p <genomeID>-all-Pathways.tbl -u 200 -l 100 # gapfill/growth medium prediction ./gapseq medium -m <genomeID>-draft.RDS -p <genomeID>-all-Pathways.tbl -c "cpd00007:0" # Gap-filling # (If H2 is part of the medium) ./gapseq fill -m <genomeID>-draft.RDS -n <genomeID>-medium.csv -c <genomeID>-rxnWeights.RDS -g <genomeID>-rxnXgenes.RDS -b 100 -e highH2 # (If H2 is not part of the medium) ./gapseq fill -m <genomeID>-draft.RDS -n <genomeID>-medium.csv -c <genomeID>-rxnWeights.RDS -g <genomeID>-rxnXgenes.RDS -b 100
Activation of CD3+ T cells by Helicobacter pylori DNA vaccines in potential immunotherapy of gastric carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Most of gastric carcinoma (GC) is attributed to infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) but there is increasing evidence that the positive H. pylori status correlates with better prognosis in GC. The H. pylori-induced cellular immune response may suppress cancer and in this work, recombinant pcDNA3 plasmids encoding various fragments of H. pylori virulence genes of cagA, vacA and babA are constructed and combined into groups to immunize BALB/c mice. The activated splenic CD3+ T cells are purified and the anticancer effects are investigated in vitro and in vivo. The H. pylori DNA vaccines induce a shift in the response from Th1 to Th2 that mimicks the immune status in patients of GC with chronic H. pylori infection. The stimulated CD3+ T cells inhibit the growth of human GC cells in vitro and adoptive transfusions of the CD3+ T cells suppress the growth of GC xenograft in vivo. The effects may be caused by the larger ratios of infiltrated CD8+/CD4+ T cells, reduced infiltration of regulatory FOXP3+ T cells, and enhanced apoptosis induced by upregulation of Caspase-9/Caspase-3 and downregulation of Survivin. Our results reveal the potential immunotherapeutic value of H. pylori vaccine-activated CD3+ T cells in those with advanced GC.
Exploring conformational variability of an rna domain in the ribosome: from structure and function to potential antibiotic targeting

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RNA in nature is modified at many specific sites to order to gain extra functions or to expand the genetic code. One of such RNAs is ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which contains several modified bases, particularly around the functionally significant sites. We have focused on understanding the influences of modified base on RNA structure and function by employing helix 69 (H69), which is a good region to evaluate the roles of modified bases since it contains three pseudouridines in the loop region and exists at the core of the ribosome.\nPrevious model studies using small hairpin H69 showed the conformational differences of H69 loop under different conditions and revealed the significance of modified bases in H69 dynamics. Comparison of crystal structures of ribosomes indicates variable H69 conformations under different conditions. Based on these information, we performed dimethylsulfate (DMS) probing on 50S ribosomal subunits under different pHs, temperatures and Mg2+ concentrations, showing that H69 has a dynamic RNA loop component on the ribosome level as well as the models, and its multiple conformations are dependent on the presence of modified bases. In addition, footprintings in the presence of aminoglycoside antibiotics neomycin and paromomycin also show conformational variability in H69. These results indicate that H69 exists in multiple conformational states, which could be related to the function of the ribosome in the cell.
Non-coincidence splitting of the 1505 cm−1 adenine base vibration is due to coupling to water via hydrogen bonding

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We have observed a noncoincidence splitting of 1–2 cm−1 for the 1505 cm−1 adenine base vibration in poly(rA), poly(dA), 5rAMP, and 5dAMP. In double stranded polynucleotides, the noncoincidence splitting is smaller than 0.3 cm−1. Noncoincidence splitting is usually associated with a transition dipole–transition dipole coupling between identical vibrational modes on different molecules of the same species, but any angular dependent intermolecular coupling mechanism may cause this effect. It is argued that resonant vibrational coupling of 1505 cm−1 vibrations on different adenine bases cannot be the source of the noncoincidence splitting. As the 1505 cm−1 base vibration does not have a large infrared absorption, it cannot be caused by transition dipole–transition dipole coupling. We propose that a coupling via hydrogen bonding of the 1505 cm−1 adenine base vibration to water vibrations yields the angular dependent intermolecular coupling potential.