jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant, Phytotoxic and Antiurease Activities, and Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of <i>Conocarpus lancifolius</i> (Combretaceae)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose: To evaluate the antioxidant, phytotoxic and anti-urease properties of dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius in correlation with total phenolic and flavonoid contents.Methods: The whole plant (dried aerial parts and root) of Conocarpus lancifolius was extracted successively with dichloromethane, methanol and water at room temperature. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, Nitric oxide scavenging and FRAP methods. Phytotoxicity was performed by Lemna minor assay and analyzed relative to control with effective dose (ED50) to determine FI50 values (concentration necessary to inhibit 50 % frond proliferation) and 65 % confidence intervals. Urease inhibitory activity was assessed at a concentration of 125 μg/mL by Berthelot reaction with slight modification. Total phenolic contents were calculated with reference to gallic acid equivalent and confirmed by Folin and Ciocalteau's phenol method. Total flavonoid was determined with reference to quercetin.Results: The DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of the methanol extract were 93.35 %. The phytotoxicity of the methanol extract was 90 % growth regulation while the anti-urease inhibitory activity was 91.1 % with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 49.1 ± 1.3 μg/mL. Total flavonoid contents of dichloromethane extract was 629.4 ± 1.57 μg/mL. The phenolic content of the extract calculated with reference to quercetin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and 4-hydroxy 3-methoxy benzoic acid equivalent was 45.772, 9.779, 70.304, 74.93 and 57.80 ppm, respectively.Conclusion: The results confirm that Conocarpus lancifolius extracts possess some antioxidant, phytotoxicity and anti-urease potentials due to its phenolic and flavonoid contents.Keywords: Antioxidant, Phenolics, Falvonoids, Phytotoxicity, Anti- urease, Conocarpus lancifolius
Effect of Organic Manure Applied Combining with Inorganic Fertilizer on Nitrogen Conformation and Yield of Rice in Red Soil Paddy Field

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dynamic of Nitrogen in paddy field, nitrogen using efficiency and nitrogen on rice yield were studied in hilly red soil paddy field in south of Hunan provinces after organic manure applied combining with inorganic fertilizer. The results showed. organic manure applied combining with inorganic fertilizer can increase and retain nitrogen content in paddy soil, nitrogen use efficiency increased also. For early rice, yield of rice grain in NPKM were higher than that in M and NPK, but there were not significant difference among these treatments. For late rice, yield of rice grain in NPKM treatment were higher than that in M treatment and significant higher than that in NPK treatment. Nitrogen use efficiency was 33.5%(early rice),22.8%(late rice) in NPK treatment and was 41.04%(early rice), 32.4%(late rice) in M treatment 40.07% (early rice),35.6%(late rice) in NPKM treatment respectively.
Variable Duration Trial as an Alternative Design for Continuous Endpoints

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Clinical trials with continuous primary endpoints typically measure outcomes at baseline, at a fixed timepoint (denoted T min ), and at intermediate timepoints. The analysis is commonly performed using the mixed model repeated measures method. It is sometimes expected that the effect size will be larger with follow‐up longer than T min . But extending the follow‐up for all patients delays trial completion. We propose an alternative trial design and analysis method that potentially increases statistical power without extending the trial duration or increasing the sample size. We propose following the last enrolled patient until T min , with earlier enrollees having variable follow‐up durations up to a maximum of T max . The sample size at T max will be smaller than at T min , and due to staggered enrollment, data missing at T max will be missing completely at random. For analysis, we propose an alpha‐adjusted procedure based on the smaller of the p values at T min and T max , termed . This approach can provide the highest power when the powers at T min and T max are similar. If the power at T min and T max differ significantly, the power of is modestly reduced compared with the larger of the two powers. Rare disease trials, due to the limited size of the patient population, may benefit the most with this design.
Uniformity of stresses inside a non-elliptical inhomogeneity interacting with a mode III crack

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Using conformal mapping techniques and the theory of Cauchy singular integral equations, we prove that it is possible to maintain a uniform internal stress field inside a non-elliptical elastic inhomogeneity embedded in an infinite matrix subjected to uniform remote stress despite the fact that the inhomogeneity interacts with a finite mode III crack. The crack can be modelled either as a Griffith crack or as a Zener–Stroh crack. Our analysis further indicates that the existence of the crack plays a key role in influencing the shape of the corresponding inhomogeneity but not the internal uniform stress field inside the inhomogeneity. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the solution.
Valuing the Real Option of Abandoning Unprofitable Customers When Calculating Customer Lifetime Value

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In recent years, several authors have developed models that focus on the allocation of scarce marketing resources based on customer lifetime value (CLV). These approaches use CLV to develop a rank order of customers and recommend devoting more resources to customers with higher ranks. However, it has been discussed in the literature that a simple net present value analysis may not reflect the value of the flexibility to make such decisions. Therefore, some authors recommend the use of a real-options analysis in certain situations. Building on this stream of research and using the case of the option to abandon unprofitable customers, this article proposes an approach that combines real-options analysis and CLV; this approach explicitly values the seller's flexibility to abandon unprofitable customers. Using a combination of examples, empirical analysis, and Monte Carlo simulations, the authors provide evidence that the divergence between CLV that includes and CLV that excludes option value can be substantial and may not be the same for all customers. Therefore, the authors conclude that a distribution of customers based on CLV can change when option value is included. Thus, using CLV as a basis for marketing decisions but not including the value of the option to make such decisions a priori when calculating CLV can lead to an overall biased result.
On joint maximum-likelihood estimation of PCR efficiency and initial amount of target

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the problem of estimating unknown parameters of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) from noisy observations. The joint ML estimator of the RT-PCR efficiency and the initial number of DNA target molecules is derived. The mean-square error performance of the estimator is studied via simulations. The simulation results indicate that the proposed estimator significantly outperforms a competing technique.
Cardiovascular risks of Caucasian and African-American women and change with intervention

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The study was conducted regarding the prevalence of risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among 150 Caucasian and African-American, low-income women and the effectiveness of a six-month intervention in reducing risks. Seventy-four and 76 participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups, respectively. Intervention consisted of 18 lessons taught by EFNEP paraprofessionals. A family record, three random-repeat 24-hour food recalls, and a health risk appraisal were collected at pre- and post-intervention sessions. Lipid profile, height, weight, percent body fat, and body mass index were measured on a sub-sample of 75 subjects. Descriptive statistics, two-sample t-tests and ANOVA (P < 0.05) were calculated. Results suggest that African-American and Caucasian, low-income women have high risks for CVD due to excessive intakes of total fat, saturated fats, sodium, and fats and sweets, but have low-intakes of dietary fiber, calcium, milk, vegetables, and fruits. They also had high incidences of obesity and smoking and low levels of physical activity. The intervention was successful in reducing intakes of energy and fats, sweets, and increasing intakes of dietary fiber I vegetable, and fruits. No significant change occurred with lipid profiles, obesity, and smoking. A six-month education program resulted in significant dietary improvement, but interventions of longer duration, specifically targeting obesity, physical activity, and smoking, are needed to improve those risk factors.
Distribution of Corticolous Noncrustose Lichens on Trunks of Rocky Mountain Junipers in Boulder County, Colorado

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nineteen species of noncrustose lichens were found on juniper bark. Of these, three species had relatively high cover and frequency values and were characterized as typical lichens of Rocky Mountain junipers: Xanthoria fallax, Phaeophyscia hirsuta and Physcia caesia. Total cover per tree was low (4%), and most species preferred the north and east sides of trunk bases. These distributional trends may reflect gradients of exposure to wind, insolation, and rate of bark exfo- liation. The trunk of a tree provides a wide spectrum of microhabitats for epiphytic vegetation. The physical and biotic factors that interact to create these environments have been dis- cussed in great detail by Barkman (1958). Horizontal and vertical gradients of light, water, and temperature depend upon direction of trunk exposure and height above ground. Bark hardness, texture, water-holding capacity, and acidity vary among tree species and within species according to age of the bark. In the Front Range area of Colorado, tree-host preferences and horizontal and vertical tree-trunk distributions of epiphytic lichens have been examined for riparian deciduous trees (Carmer 1975) and for Douglas fir and subalpine fir (Gough 1975), but not for Juniperus scopulorum Sarg., Rocky Mountain juniper, which is common in the open park-like stands of ponderosa pine found on south-facing slopes in the foothills. The objectives of this study were to identify the lichen species epiphytic on Rocky Mountain junipers and to measure their horizontal and vertical distributions on trunks.
Improved Count Rate and Resolution Performance of aThermoelectrically Cooled Si(Li) X-ray Detector

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study provides a quantitative validation of qualitative automated three-dimensional (3-D) analysis methods reported earlier. It demonstrates the applicability and quantitative accuracy of our method to detect, characterize, and count Feulgen stained cell nuclei in two tissues (hippocampus and testes). A laser-scanned confocal light microscope was used to record 3-D images i which our algorithms automatically identified individual nuclei from the optical sections given an estimate of minimum nuclear size. The hippocampal data sets were also manually counted independently by five trained observers using the STERECON 3-D image reconstruction system. The automated and manual counts were compared. A nucleus-by-nucleus comparison of the manual and automated counts verified that the automated analysis was accurate and reproducible, and permitted additional quantitative analyses not available from manual methods. The algorithms also identified subpopulations of nuclei within the hippocampal samples, and haploid and diploid nuclei in the testes. Our methods were shown to be repeatable, accurate, and more consistent than manual counting.
On the Economic Benefit of Hosting the Olympics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Mega Sporting Events generally are classified as the Olympics, World Cup and UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) Championship in Europe. Since the significant positive economic impact of $2.3 billion realized by Los Angeles after the 1984 Summer Olympic Games, the number of bids by cities for these mega sporting events has increased significantly. Also, this success inspired economic evaluations of the Olympic Games to be conducted to better estimate the financial benefit to the host city. Utilizing improved methodologies, as well as superior data, models have found that, in reality, it is more difficult than anticipated to realize an economic benefit from hosting the Olympic Games. We conduct statistical analyses on the financial data for several of the Olympic cities since 1990. We also discuss data available from the British government which estimates the economic outcome of the 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London.
A Comparison Of Functional Methods For Determining The Knee Flexion Axis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The two most common approaches to finding the functional knee axis include Woltring's helical axis (HA) approach and Halvorsen's eigenvector (EV) approach. Both the HA approach and the EV approach use relative motion between the shank and thigh to establish the functional knee flexion/extension (F/E) axis. While clinical gait analyses confirm that the predominant axis of knee motion is F/E, they also show motion in the frontal (A/A) and transverse (IER) planes. The amount of A/A and IER motion varies between subjects, and the extent to which either of the algorithms tolerates this motion is unclear. PURPOSE To examine each of the functional knee axis approaches with respect to their ability to tolerate motion out of the F/E plane, and to determine their usefulness in a clinical environment. METHODS The HA and EV algorithms were tested in a clinical setting. To verify the precision and accuracy of each method, a tri-axial mechanical knee joint with a known F/E axis was fabricated and attached to a normal subject's lower extremity. The subject then performed several gait trials. The knee axis was calculated from the motion data of the artificial knee and compared to the known F/E axis. RESULTS Static Trials: Knee motion showed virtually no A/A or internal/external rotation (IER), and both algorithms estimated the knee's flexion/extension axis with <2.5° of error. Walking Trials: The minimum range of F/E required to produce estimates within a specific tolerance of the actual axis (5° for this analysis) was dependent on the amount of A/A and, for the helical approach, the amount of IER. When IER was less than 2° and F/E was approximately 60°, both approaches produced equivalent results for a given amount of A/A. When IER exceeded 2°, the eigenvector approach was more tolerant of A/A. A/A and IER had the most profound effect on estimating the knee joint axis when they appeared periodic as opposed to random in nature. Both methods stabilized at approximately three gait cycles. CONCLUSION When A/A exceeds 10°, neither method should be expected to provide estimates within 5° of the actual value. The helical approach should not be expected to produce reasonable estimates when IER exceeds 10°. It is recommended that use of either method presented here be limited to analysis of static data, unless constraints associated with A/A and IER motion can be verified in the gait data.
Identification of Drought Tolerant among MARDI Rice Varieties based on Morpho-Agronomic Traits and Drought Grain Yield QTLs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To date, there are 10 major rice granary areas with additions of 74 secondary granaries and 172 minor granaries (Siti Rahyla et al., 2019).These granary areas are facilitated with well-developed farming system to fulfill the water requirements in the areas.Since, Malaysia is considered as a 'wet' continent as receives a rainfall at 250 centimeters a year
The imbalance of Th17/Treg via STAT3 activation modulates cognitive impairment inP. gingivalis LPS-induced periodontitis mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases worldwide, and it is associated with various systemic diseases, including cognitive diseases. STAT3 regulates the inflammatory cascade and influences adaptive immunity by modulating Th17/Treg cell differentiation. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of adaptive immunity inside and outside the brain on the association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment and understand the role of the STAT3 signaling pathway. We established Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-induced periodontitis mice models by injecting P. gingivalis LPS into the gingival sulcus of mice. Behavioral tests showed that learning and memory abilities were impaired. The flow cytometry data showed an imbalance in the Th17/Treg ratio in the blood and brain samples of the mice. The expression of Th17-related cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22) increased, whereas that of Treg-related cytokines (IL-2 and IL-10) decreased in both the blood and the brain. The level of LPS increased and the STAT3 signaling pathway was activated during this process. These effects were reversed by C188-9, a STAT3 inhibitor. In conclusion, P. gingivalis LPS-induced periodontitis may promote the occurrence and progression of cognitive impairment by modulating the Th17/Treg balance inside and outside the brain. The STAT3 signaling pathway may have immunoregulatory effects on the mouth-to-brain axis.
Bioavailability of Reduced Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinol-10) in Burn Patients

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction in major trauma, including burn injury. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a metabolite of the mevalonate pathway and an essential cofactor for the electron transport in the mitochondria. In addition, its reduced form (ubiquinol) functions as an antioxidant. Little is known as to whether oral CoQ10 supplementation effectively increases intracellular CoQ10 levels in humans. To study the bioavailability of CoQ10 supplementation, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of reduced CoQ10 (ubiquinol-10) (1800 mg/day, t.i.d.) in burn patients at a single, tertiary-care hospital. Baseline plasma CoQ10 levels were significantly lower in burn patients than in healthy volunteers, although plasma CoQ10/cholesterol ratio did not differ between the groups. CoQ10 supplementation increased plasma concentrations of total and reduced CoQ10 and total CoQ10 content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in burn patients compared with the placebo group. CoQ10 supplementation did not significantly change circulating levels of mitochondrial DNA, inflammatory markers (e.g., interleukins, TNF-α, IFN-γ), or Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores compared with the placebo group. This study showed that a relatively high dose of reduced CoQ10 supplementation increased the intracellular CoQ10 content in PBMCs as well as plasma concentrations in burn patients.
Filament Winding of Revolution Structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the filament winding of revolution structures on a four-axis machine. A theoretical analysis is done in order to find the stable paths (geodesic) of the fiber on mandrel surface. In order to place the fiber along the stable path, the feed-eye trajectory, linear motion in two directions X and Z, and the corresponding rotation of the mandrel are calculated using a developed closed-form solution. The fourth axis, fourth degree of freedom, which is the feed-eye rotation about the X-axis takes an attention and it is determined in a closed form as well. The feed-eye displacements and speeds are optimized to overcome some undesirable machine actions such as jerky motion and/or lack of fiber tension that results from a sudden change of feed-eye movements. A software package is developed in order to generate the optimized machine movements and postprocessing these data into machine code (G-code) for a different machine controller. An example of the feed-eye motion for winding revolution shapes is presented.
Some Characteristics of Histamine Secretion from Mast Cells Treated with Ionomycin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The ionophorous antibiotic ionomycin released histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells in both the presence and absence of added calcium ions. The response under the latter conditions was potentiated by brief pretreatment of the cells with chelating agents. The interaction between the ionophore and exogenous calcium was complex. Supramaximal concentrations of calcium potentiated the release induced by low levels of ionomycin but markedly inhibited the secretion evoked by larger amounts of the compound. Dispersed mesenteric mast cells of the rat and guinea pig also responded to ionomycin but were less reactive than the peritoneal cells.
Creation and selection of mandarin type triploid hybrids for tropical wet area

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Most of the cultivars of mandarin type cultivated in tropical areas were bred in mediterranean climatic zones. Some characters of these mandarin varieties are not adapted or are not expressed in hot and wet tropical zones, such as West Indies. The aim of our work is to create and offer to producers from these areas some varieties fitting the ecological and environmental constraints as well as the local market demand. Previous studies of citrus varietal screening in Martinique gave us a list of potential parents that could transmit the expected characters (productivity, fruit size, taste, low rind adhesion, pests and diseases resistance). To achieve the seedless character of these new varieties, we produced triploid plants according to the creation scheme of citrus varieties developed by Cirad in Corsica. We crossed a monoembryonic and self-incompatible female parent (Fortune mandarin) with four male parents (Murcott tangor, Hansen mandarin, Minneola and Orlando tangelo). This crossing phase was conducted in Corsica, in the Inra/Cirad citrus germplasm collection. After visual screening, 343 small seeds were sent to Martinique, where in vitro embryo rescue was realized. Triploids were screened by flow cytometry and grafted onto Citrange Carrizo rootstock. At the present time, 220 triploid hybrids are in the field, at Rivière-Lézarde station in Martinique, and will be evaluated and selected with a specific multicriteria grid. First results are expected within 4 to 8 years.
Verifying Petri Net-Based Process Models using Automated Planning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The identification of control-flow errors in business processes (BPs) at design time is one of the most relevant tasks of the early phases of the Business Process Management (BPM) lifecycle, named BP verification. In this paper, starting from a Petri net-based representation of a BP model, we show how instances of the verification problem can be represented as planning problems in PDDL (Planning Domain Definition Language) for which planners can find a correct solution in a finite amount of time. If verification problems are converted into planning problems, one can seamlessly leverage the best performing automated planners, with advantages in terms of versatility and customization.