jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Actomyosin Regulatory Properties of Yeast Tropomyosin Are Dependent upon N-Terminal Modification

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The yeast tropomyosin 1 gene (TPM1) encodes the major isoform of the two tropomyosins (Tm) found in yeast. The gene has been expressed in E. coli and the protein purified. The gene product (yTm1) is a 199-amino acid protein that has a low affinity for actin compared to the native yTm1 purified from yeast. Mass spectrometry shows that the native protein is acetylated while the recombinant protein is not. A series of yTm1 N-terminal constructs were made with either an Ala-Ser dipeptide extension previously shown to restore actin binding to skeletal muscle Tm or the natural extension found in fibroblast Tm 5a/b. All constructs bound actin tightly and showed similar CD spectra and thermal stability. All constructs induced cooperativity in the equilibrium binding of myosin subfragment 1, to actin but the binding curves differed significantly between the constructs. The apparent cooperative unit size (n) and closed/open equilibrium (K(T)) were determined using a fluorescence titration technique [Maytum et al. (1998) Biophys. J. 74, A347]. The data could be accounted for by changes in K(T) (0.1-1) with no change in n. Values of n were approximately twice the structural unit size (5 actin sites). The presence of yTm on actin had little effect upon the overall affinity of S1 for actin despite showing an ability to regulate the acto-myosin interaction. These results show that the short yTm can aid our understanding of actomyosin regulation and that the N-terminus of Tm has a major influence upon its regulatory properties.
[Choice of surgical treatment method for peptic ulcer of operated stomach].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The analysis of immediate and long-term results of surgical treatment in 98 patients with peptic ulcer of operated stomach is presented. The choice of surgical method was determined by the disease cause. Reconstructive stomach resection by Bilrot-II in Roux modification was operation of choice in peptic ulcer with non-hormonal factors of ulcerogenesis. When hormonal cause of ulcerogenesis was suspected, even in unknown origin of hypergastrinemia, the extirpation of gastric stump is indicated. Trunkal vagotomy can be performed as an additional surgical method only. Favorable surgical outcomes were seen in 90 (91.8%) patients. Long-term results from 2 to 15 years were studied in 74 (82.2%) patients. They were recognized as good in 48 (53.3%) patients, as satisfactory--in 12 (13.3%). The recurrence of the disease was seen in 4 (4.4%) patients. 10 patients died due to causes not associated with stomach diseases.
Snakes and Ladders: The Combined Effect of Qualifications and Marriage on the Employment Trajectories of Peruvian Graduates in Switzerland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research on the risks of under- or unemployment faced by highly qualified non-EU immigrants to Switzerland has focused on the absence of recognition of their foreign qualifications as a major source of vulnerability in the host country. The aim of this paper is to study the employment trajectories of a specific group of migrants who have graduated from a Swiss higher education (HE) institution. Drawing on a life-course perspective, the paper is based on sixteen biographical interviews with a diverse group of highly skilled Peruvian men and women living in Switzerland, after having graduated from a Swiss HE institution. We identify three ideal-type trajectories of migrant graduates with a Swiss HE qualification, based on their field of study, their route of access to formal residential status (essential employment clause / bi-national marriage) and the domestic division of labor and care responsibilities within their households. We show that obtaining a Swiss HE qualification is rarely enough to guarantee non-European graduates access to a stable job that is commensurate to their qualifications. The ability of these Swiss-trained migrants to translate their educational credentials into favorable professional outcomes is highly dependent on family formation patterns and gender arrangements. Some routes to formal residential rights in Switzerland after graduation would seem to cancel out the advantages associated with having a Swiss qualification and lead to long-term precarious employment experiences, especially for female graduates from the humanities and social sciences who receive residential qualifications through marriage to a Swiss or EU national, rather than on the basis of their own contribution to the Swiss labor market.
Zero Tillage Plus Residue Management and K Fertilization Effect on Cotton Yield and K Use Efficiency in Wheat-Cotton System

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Zero tillage straw retained with optimum K is an important strategy to increase cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield and K efficiency in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)-cotton system. A 2 years field experiment was conducted during 2018, and 2019 to study the impact of [zero tillage straw as such on soil surface (ZT SAS ) and zero tillage straw burnt (ZT SB )] and five K rates were 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg ha -1 on cotton yield and K use efficiency. Results indicated that bolls/plant –1 , weight per boll, seed cotton yields, ginning out turn and K agronomic efficiency were highest with 60-80 kg K ha –1 . Interactions revealed that ZT SAS with 60-80 kg K ha –1 had higher bolls/plant, bolls weight, seed cotton yields and ginning out turn compared to ZT SB . K agronomic efficiency indices decreased with increasing K rate. ZT SAS with 20 kg K ha –1 gave greater K agronomic efficiency than other combinations. ZT SAS with 60-80 kg potassium per hectare may be a sustainable and environmentally safe strategy to enhance cotton yield and soil fertility . Keywords: Zero tillage, residue management, potassium, cotton yield, K agronomic efficiency DOI: 10.7176/CPER/64-03 Publication date: January 31 st 2022
Ruşeym yağının depolama stabilitesinin kapsüllenerek arttırılması.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Wheat germ oil is a rich source of omega 3 and omega 6-fatty acids, octacosanol and tocopherol which has vitamin E activity. Due to these properties it is very beneficial for health but it is prone to oxidation in free form. Encapsulation provides protection of food ingredients from environmental stresses and increases the stability and functionality of the ingredient, which makes it possible to be used in functional foods. The main objective of this study was to encapsulate wheat germ oil and to investigate its physicochemical properties and stabilities during storage. In encapsulation, aqueous solutions of maltodextrin (MD), gum arabic (GA), whey protein concentrate (WPC), chitosan (CS) and sodium caseinate (NaCa) at different concentrations were used as wall material. Core to coating ratio was constant as 1:8.The effects of different homogenization techniques (ultrasonication (US), high speed blending by silent crusher (SC) and microfluidization (MF)) on particle size distributions of emulsions and efficiency of microcapsules were investigated. The effect of different treatment passes in MF was also studied. In addition, the capsules prepared at the optimum conditions were studied for their storage stability by determining totox value and α tocopherol concentration during storage at 15°C and 45°C at 33.3% RH and 31.10% RH, respectively. NaCa was found to have better encapsulation properties than CS, WPC and GA in encapsulation of wheat germ oil. The SC and MF techniques were better in the formation of stable emulsions as compared to US. The change in treatment passes of MF did not have significant effect on encapsulation efficiencies; on the other hand, the increase in treatment passes decreased particle size of the emulsions. When storage temperature was 15°C, even the non-encapsulated oil was stable to oxidation. Storage stability analyses showed that rate of oxidation of fresh oil was higher than that of encapsulated oil stored at 45°C and microcapsules could maintain their stability for 20 days.
The contribution of the lateral posterior and anteroventral thalamic nuclei on spontaneous recurrent seizures in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The pilocarpine model of epilepsy in rats is characterised by the occurrence of spontaneous seizures (SRSs) during the chronic period that recur 2-3 times per week during the whole animal life. In a previous study on brain metabolism during the chronic period of the pilocarpine model it was possible to observe that, among several brain structures, the lateral posterior thalamic nuclei (LP) showed a strikingly increased metabolism. Some evidences suggest that the LP can participate in an inhibitory control system involved in the propagation of the seizures. The aim of the present study was to verify the role of LP in the expression and frequency of spontaneous seizures observed in the pilocarpine model. Ten adult male rats presenting SRSs were monitored for behavioural events by video system one month before and one month after LP ibotenic acid lesion. Another group of chronic epileptic rats (n=10) had the anteroventral thalamic nuclei (AV) lesioned by ibotenic acid. After the surgical procedure, the animals were sacrified and the brains were processed for histological analysis by the Nissl method. The LP group seizure frequency was 3.1±1.9 before ibotenic acid injection and showed an increase (16.3±7.2 per week) after LP lesion. No changes in SRSs frequency were observed in the AV group after ibotenic lesion in these nuclei. These results seem to suggest that LP play a role in the seizure circuitry inhibiting the expression of spontaneous seizures in the pilocarpine model.
Prognostic significance of tumour budding, tumour–stroma ratio and desmoplastic stromal reaction in gall bladder carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims and methods The prognostic role of tumour budding (TBd) and its interaction with the stromal microenvironment has gained a lot of attention recently, but remains unexplored in gall bladder cancer (GBC). We aimed to study the interrelationship of TBd by International Tumour Budding Consensus Conference scoring system, tumour–stroma ratio (TSR) and desmoplastic stromal reaction (DSR) with the conventional clinicopathological prognostic factors, mortality and overall survival (OS) in 96 patients of operated GBC. Results Higher age, high TNM stage, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, positive resection margins, higher TBd score, low TSR and immature DSR were significantly associated with worse OS. However, on multivariate analysis, only metastases, positive resection margins and TSR <50% proved to be independent prognostic factors. The TBd score of stroma-rich tumour group (6.40±4.69) was significantly higher than that of stroma-poor group (2.77±3.79, p≤0.001). The TBd score of immature and intermediate DSR groups was significantly higher than that of mature group (p≤0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). There was a strong interobserver agreement for TBd score, TSR and type of DSR (Cohen’s Kappa=0.726 to 0.864, p≤0.001). Stroma-rich tumours were significantly associated with immature DSR and fibrotic DSR with high TSR (p≤0.001). Conclusion A high TBd, low TSR and immature DSR were significantly associated with several high-risk clinicopathological parameters and poor OS in GBC. These novel, simple, reproducible and cost-effective parameters may be included in the routine reporting checklist for GBC as additional prognostic parameters that can substratify the high-risk patients.
Electrophysiological characterization of the interaction between acid-sensing ion channel 1a and prenylcysteine oxidase 1-like (PCOL)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In this thesis, it has been demonstrated, that the activity of Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is critically affected by Prenylcysteine oxidase-like (PCOL). PCOL strongly potentiates ASIC1a current density without changing the biophysical properties of the channel. Neither the pH dependence of activation, nor the steady-state desensitization was affected. Recovery from desensitization, tachyphylaxis, calcium conductance and affinity to common ASIC pore blockers (Amiloride, Diminazene) were also not affected. In addition, PCOL seem to prolong ASIC1a desensitization, but it was shown that this effect was mediated by high overexpression. PCOL does not affect other ASIC subunits, besides ASIC1b. The eponymous protein PCO does not affect ASIC1a. A disruption of the putative active center of PCOL abolished the effect on ASIC1a. PCOL has a predicted signal peptide, a NAD binding domain and Lyase domain. Experimentally it was demonstrated that only the signal peptide is important for the effect on ASIC1a. Exogenous application or preincubation of NAD did not changed the effect of PCOL on ASIC1a. Still, it cannot be excluded, that also the NAD binding domain and the Lyase domain of PCOL are important for the effect on ASIC1a or not and require further experiments. PCOL is secreted and can act transcellularly. Despite potentiating ASIC1a heteromers, further experiments imply, that PCOL does not interact directly with ASIC1a heteromers, it is rather increasing the population of ASIC1a homomers within one cell. PCOL is not involved in the endocytosis of ASIC1a nor the glycosylation of the channel. It might be involved in trimerization and forward trafficking of ASIC1a. Competition experiments suggest that PCOL most likely binds to the lower thumb domain of ASIC1a. Two residues responsible for binding were identified: T417 of ASIC1a and K400 of PCOL. PCOL knock-down results in decreased ASIC current amplitude. PCOL-/- mice exhibit no ASIC currents anymore and overexpression of PCOL rescues ASIC1a activity.
About diseases of the upper respiratory tract with rheumatism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstracts. Internal diseases.E.B. Blumunau. About upper respiratory tract diseases in rheumatism . Doctor. 1901, no. 6.The author examines the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic toad, rheumatic affection of the larynx and anterior-arytenoid joint.The participation of the upper respiratory tract in the disease of rheumatism has been noted by Trousseau, Clark и Ogle, Legranere, Piponnier, Lesegue, Fernet, Ruos'омъ and others. connection of diseases of the pharynx with some common diseases (diphtheria, measles, scarlet fever).
The Structure Feature of Phenolphthalein Salt Formed In PP/K_2 CO_3/DMSO

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Several phenolphthalein potassium salts (PPK) prepared in PP/K_2CO_3/DMSO orPP/KOH/DMSO were characterized with IR, ~1H NMR and ~13C NMR. In PP/K_2CO_3/DMSOprocess, almost all of the phenolphthalein salts formed exist in the lactone type. However,in PP/KOH/DMSO process the quinone-type isomer was predominant The structure of PPKwas found to have strong relevance to the bases used in the reaction.
Semiartificial Diet for the Sweetpotato Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A semiartificial medium was developed to allow determination of which chemical components of sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., roots stimulate or deter feeding by sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius Summers, and which are integral dietary components. The medium was agar based (3.5%) and used pureed sweetpotato storage roots. Media prepared from the outer periderm and cortex cells of the storage roots had consistently higher feeding by female weevils than media from the interior portion of the roots. Addition of 2% sucrose stimulated feeding on the media from the exterior portion of the roots but not the interior, which has a higher initial sugar concentration. Levels of feeding increased with the length of weevil exposure time (20 versus 40 h), both giving consistent results with the insect populations used.
The supinator muscle and radial nerve entrapment: historical note and modern anatomical insight

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Due to its deep location, close to the elbow joint, the supinator muscle requires special dissection skills. This fact enhanced our interest for a more accurate knowledge of the anatomical relations of the muscle with the elbow joint and with the posterior branch of the radial nerve. There are many clinical consequences of these anatomic relations, such as epicondylar impingement syndromes. There resides an open field of research on the anatomical basis of radial nerve entrapment syndromes. In 1618, Da Cortona published a clear reference to the passage of the nerve in close relation to the deeper side of the supinator muscle. All the material here presented, corresponds to careful dissection work on embalmed corpses, prepared at our dissection lab, with original techniques. The classical approach through ventral dissection demonstrates the relation between the supinator muscle arcade (Fröhse) and the radial nerve, with its natural sliding adipose cushion sheath. The dorso-lateral surgical approach, allows deep dissection of the forearm muscles, in relation to the lateral epicondylar bundle, and the elbow joint capsule. Stereoscopic microscopy completed our macroscopic observations. Future histological and microscopic analysis of the nature of the supinator arcade; of the intricate relation of the supinator muscle fibers and the capsular fibers of the elbow; and also, the importance of the vascular elements of the muscle arcade and of the adipose bursa that surrounds the radial nerve, will further provide rich interesting research towards the improvement of pathogenic knowledge of the regional impingement, and compressive radial nerve syndromes.
INOVASI PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL DALAM PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ASING

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The use of appropriate teaching and learning materials (TnL) will be able to attract students' interest in learning a foreign language that is considered difficult. Various teaching techniques and methods can be carried out by a language teacher with the help of materials to attract the interest and involvement of students in communicating using the foreign language. The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which students' attitudes and acceptance towards gamification innovation using traditional games in foreign language TnL. In this study, the researchers chose a survey research design that uses a quantitative approach through survey methods to collect information and collect data directly from respondents related to students' attitudes and acceptance of the gamification innovation from traditional game material called lingo origami in foreign language learning. This study involved 30 respondents from Japanese language students and 30 Arabic language students who took second and third level of communicative Japanese and Arabic language subjects at Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. The findings of the study found positive results for the use of this innovation in foreign language TnL. The implications of this study will open up space for further research to create gamification innovations in other traditional games subtracted from local culture. Keywords: Foreign Language Teaching And Learning; Traditional Games; Communicative Arabic Language; Communicative Japanese Language; Gamification. Abstrak: Penggunaan bahan pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) yang sesuai akan dapat menarik minat pelajar terhadap pembelajaran bahasa asing yang dianggap sukar. Pelbagai teknik dan kaedah pengajaran boleh dijalankan oleh seorang guru bahasa berbantukan bahan untuk menarik minat dan penglibatan pelajar berkomunikasi menggunakan bahasa yang diajar. Matlamat kajian ini ialah untuk menentukan sejauh mana minat dan penerimaan pelajar terhadap inovasi gamifikasi menggunakan permainan tradisional iaitu origami mainan jari tangan dalam PdP bahasa asing. Dalam kajian ini penyelidik memilih reka bentuk kajian tinjauan yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui kaedah tinjauan untuk mengumpul maklumat dan mengutip data secara langsung daripada responden berkaitan sikap dan penerimaan pelajar terhadap bahan inovasi gamifikasi permainan tradisional yang dinamakan “Lingo Origami” dalam pembelajaran bahasa asing. Kajian ini melibatkan 30 orang responden daripada pelajar bahasa Jepun dan 30 orang responden daripada pelajar bahasa Arab yang mengambil subjek bahasa Jepun dan Arab komunikasi tahap dua dan tiga di Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Dapatan kajian mendapati hasil yang positif terhadap penggunaan inovasi ini di dalam Pdp bahasa asing. Implikasi kajian ini akan membuka ruang untuk kajian lanjutan untuk mengadakan inovasi gamifikasi dalam permainan tradisional yang lain mengikut budaya setempat.. Kata kunci: Pdp Bahasa Asing; Permainan Tradisional; Bahasa Arab Komunikasi; Bahasa Jepun Komunikasi; Gamifikasi.
Interconnected trajectories of achievement goals, academic achievement, and well-being: Insights from an expanded goal framework

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research on achievement goals has primarily focused on mastery and performance goals. This four-year study used an expanded goal framework to compare the prevalence, trajectories, and influence of mastery, performance, outcome, and work-avoidance goals across and beyond the middle school transition. Participants were 1072 Finnish students assessed annually from Grades 6 to 9 (ages 13–16). Across all waves, outcome goals were most strongly endorsed, and work-avoidance goals were more strongly endorsed than performance-avoidance goals. Latent growth models revealed that mastery goals declined across the school transition, but outcome goals remained high. Importantly, these five goals demonstrated distinct associations with student achievement, life satisfaction, and burnout. Outcome goals were linked to higher grades, mastery goals to greater well-being, performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals to lower well-being, and work-avoidance goals to lower grades and well-being. Findings underscore the importance of studying salient goals that students distinguish in authentic classrooms. This study investigated a broad array of academic goals pursued by students, including the desire to learn, attain good grades, outperform others, avoid appearing incompetent, and minimize effort. Findings suggest that educators may support "doing well" and "being well" among students by nurturing certain goals and discouraging others. Students who strived for good grades tended to perform better, while those who expressed a strong desire for learning tended to experience greater well-being. In contrast, goals oriented toward outperforming others or avoiding failure were associated with reduced well-being. Interestingly, the goal of minimizing effort was linked to both lower academic achievement and lower well-being.