jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Navigating Success: The Impact of Social Media Strategies on Small and Medium-Scale Businesses in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose: The increasing influence of social media has significantly transformed small and medium scale businesses (SMSBs) operations in developing regions. This study assesses the impact of various social media tools on SMSB performance in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. It aims to evaluate the effectiveness of tools such as content creation, marketing strategies, brand building, networking, and e-commerce integration. Methodology: Using a survey design, data were collected from 331 respondents out of a sample of 363 SMSBs, drawn from a population of approximately 3,957, determined using the Yaro Yamane formula. Structured questionnaires facilitated data collection, and analyses included simple percentages, frequency tables, SPSS coding, and multiple regression analysis. Findings: The findings reveal that content creation and sharing significantly enhance SMSB performance (t = 5.809, p = 0.000). In contrast, marketing strategies exhibit a significant negative impact (t = -4.455, p = 0.000), indicating effectiveness challenges. Brand building and awareness positively influence performance (t = 6.861, p = 0.000), emphasizing the need for a strong brand presence. Networking and collaboration yield the most substantial positive effect (t = 9.019, p = 0.000), highlighting the value of strategic partnerships. Conversely, e-commerce and sales integration show no significant effect (t = -0.468, p = 0.640), suggesting it may be less critical than other strategies. The study concludes that leveraging social media tools strategically can enhance SMSB performance. It recommends that SMSBs prioritize high-quality content, brand building, and effective networking while re-evaluating traditional marketing strategies for improved impact. Originality / Value: This research contributes valuable insights into how specific social media strategies affect SMSB performance in developing countries, offering actionable recommendations for business owners in Akwa Ibom State and similar regions.
THE POLYMORPHIC FORMS OF MELITTOBIA CHALYBII ASHMEAD AND THE DETERMINING FACTORS INVOLVED IN THEIR PRODUCTION. (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA, EULOPHIDÆ)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. The parasitic chalcid Melittobia chalybii Ashm. occurs in two forms, the type-form and the short-lived or second-form. The production of one or the other of these two forms is determined by the trophic conditions obtaining during the growth of the larva. A third form of female was obtainable experimentally and very rarely in the normal cultures.2. The males of the second-form differ from the type-form in their darker color and in the more aborted condition of their optic organs. The females of the second-form differ from typical females in their lighter color, in the failure of their wings to spread upon emerging from the pupa, in the large swollen condition of the abdomen which is full of ripe eggs at the time of emergence, and in the shortness of their imaginal life. Both sexes of the second-form emerge as adults in a minimum of fourteen days after oviposition compared with the ninety days required for the development of individuals of the type-form.3. The life history is as follows: A female of the type-form enters the nest of a host wasp (e.g., Trypoxylon politus Say), and remains upon the host larva within the cocoon, feeding and ovipositing for about 70 days, until it dies. The first few (12 to 20) eggs laid develop in about 14 days into a generation of males and females of the second-form. These do not leave the host cocoon and the females deposit their eggs upon the same host upon which their mother continues to oviposit. All eggs, those of the mother and those of her offspring of the second-form, now develop in about 90 days into chalcids of the type-form. After mating, the females alone gnaw their way to the exterior.4. Experiments involving the transfer of eggs from one host to another and the transfer of ovipositing females to different individual host larvæ demonstrated that all eggs of both forms of females are potentially alike and capable of developing into imagoes of either form. In every experiment, the first few larvæ which feed upon a given host invariably give rise to adults of the second-form, all the remaining larvæ to adults of the type-form. The conclusion is that the first larvæ ingest mainly the blood of the host while the later ones must feed to a larger extent upon the remaining tissues; and that this trophic difference determines the production of one or the other form of adult from a single type of egg.5. Experiments involving the changing of the trophic conditions during the life of an individual larva give some insight into the nature of the determination and the time at which it occurs.6. When larvæ were transferred from a partly consumed host to a fresh host, a third form of female individual, termed intermediate-form, was obtained.7. In crossing females of one form to males of the other form, including males derived from virgin females, the results obtained differed in no way from those obtained from the usual matings which occur in nature.
Triggers and Diagnosis of Parasomnias in Children –A Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The occurrence of parasomnias, which are most common during childhood, is one probable early sign of psychosis vulnerability. 6–8 Frequent nightmares have long been thought to play a role in the development of psychosis. In the outpatient clinics, sleep problems are one of the most common presentations. In fact, maladaptive sleep patterns are linked to up to 50% of major complaints in primary care settings. The etiology of parasomnias is unknown because no obvious cause has been identified; nonetheless, a variety of explanations have developed. The majority of childhood parasomnias (confessional arousals, sleepwalking, sleep terror, and nightmares) are harmless, and most children outgrow them. As a result, reassuring and educating the parents can be beneficial in those situations without the need for medical assistance. With that being said there’s also serval medical approaches that address such a disease. In this article we will be looking at the disease epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment.
2020 NRAUS Australia New Zealand Food Category Cost Dataset

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This Australian and New Zealand food category cost dataset was created to inform diet and economic modelling for low and medium socioeconomic households in Australia and New Zealand. The dataset was created according to the INFORMAS protocol, which details the methods to systematically and consistently collect and analyse information on the price of foods, meals and affordability of diets in different countries globally. Food categories were informed by the Food Standards Australian New Zealand (FSANZ) AUSNUT (AUStralian Food and NUTrient Database) 2011-13 database, with additional food categories created to account for frequently consumed and culturally important foods.
Phototherapy Induce Hypocalcemia in Neonatal Jaundice: In Tertiary Care Hospital, Patna

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: During the newborn period, neonatal jaundice is a prevalent problem. In the first week of life, jaundice affects preterm and term infants at rates of roughly 80% and 60%, respectively. Approximately 5-10% of them have clinically significant jaundice which requiring phototherapy. Hypocalcemia is potential adverse effect of phototherapy. Aim &objective: To determine the frequency of hypocalcemia in term neonates with jaundice receiving light emitting diode phototherapy. Materials and Methods: 84 term newborns with hyperbilirubinemia were the subjects of a prospective observational study at the Nalanda Medical College and Hospital (NMCH), Patna, Bihar, to determine the effects of phototherapy with a light-emitting diode device on total serum calcium. Total serum bilirubin and total serum calcium levels were measured at the beginning and 48 hours after phototherapy, the levels of total serum bilirubin and calcium were measured. All of the neonates included in the study evaluated for the symptom of hypocalcemia, such as jitteriness, irritability/excitement, lethargy, and convulsions. Results: Our study showed a significant decrease in post-treatment total serum calcium levels compared to per-treatment levels (p <0.005). In 16.67% of the neonates, hypocalcemia (serum calcium 8 mg/dL in term neonates) was observed. Conclusions: Like traditional blue and white light phototherapy, light-emitting diode phototherapy causes hypocalcemia as a side effect while treating neonatal jaundice.
Protocol for the systematic review of the reporting of transoral robotic surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has been adopted in some parts of the world as an innovative approach to the resection of oropharyngeal tumours. The development, details and outcomes of early-to-later phase evaluation of this technique and the quality of evidence to support its adoption into practice have hitherto not been summarised. The aim of this review is to identify and summarise the early and later phase studies of, and evidence for, TORS and to understand how early phase studies report intervention development, governance procedures and selection and reporting of outcomes to optimise methods for using the Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term follow-up (IDEAL) framework for surgical innovation that informs evidence-based practice. The protocol has been written in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols checklist. Methods and analysis Electronic searches in OVID SP versions of Medline and EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from the start of indexing to 30 April 2017 will identify studies reporting TORS. At least two independent researchers will identify studies for inclusion. Two researchers will extract data from each paper. Studies will be categorised into IDEAL stages of study design from ‘pre-IDEAL’ to randomised controlled trials (stage 3). Data will be collected about the (1) novel intervention and criteria for modification, (2) governance arrangements and patient information provision, (3) outcome domains selected and reported and (4) quality of study design, conduct and reporting. Descriptive statistics and a narrative synthesis will be presented. Ethics and dissemination The results of this systematic review will be presented at relevant conferences. The methods will be used to inform future reviews exploring other novel surgical innovations. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. This study does not require ethical approval.
Molecular vibrational energy flow: Beyond the Golden Rule

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This article reviews some recent work in molecular vibrational energy flow (IVR), with emphasis on our own computational and experimental studies. We consider the problem in various representations, and use these to develop a family of simple models which combine specific molecular properties (e.g. size, vibrational frequencies) with statistical properties of the potential energy surface and wavefunctions. This marriage of molecular detail and statistical simplification captures trends of IVR mechanisms and survival probabilities beyond the abilities of purely statistical models or the computational limitations of full ab initio approaches. Of particular interest is IVR in the intermediate time regime, where heavy-atom skeletal modes take over the IVR process from hydrogenic motions even upon X H bond excitation. Experiments and calculations on prototype heavy-atom systems show that intermediate time IVR differs in many aspects from the early stages of hydrogenic mode IVR. As a result, IVR can be coherently frozen, with potential applications to selective chemistry.
[Frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies and factor V (G1691A), prothrombin (G20210A) gene polimorphism among women with pregnancy complications].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thrombophilia these days is a subject of many medical research including obstetric and gynecology where causing feto-maternal complications. In women predispose to venous thromboembolism in high risk situation like pregnancy, puerperium, operation, prolonged bed rest or hormonal treatment. For fetal complication account miscarriages, intrauterine deaths, IUGR, and for maternal account premature placental separation and severe preeclampsia. Diagnostic panel include inherited factors like factor V Leiden and prothrombin mutation, activated protein C resistance and acquired like anticardiolipin antibodies, antibodies against beta2-glicoprotein 1 and lupus anticoagulant. The aim of this paper is estimation ofthrombophilia as a causative factor of pregnancy complications and attempt to establish screening criteria for thrombophilia. Material involved 36 women with pregnancy complications divided into three groups correlating with trimester when pregnancy loss occured. All patients had genetic, hormonal and anatomic tests done on purpose to exclude other possible causes of miscarriages. All women had done both types of tests for inherited and acquired thrombophilia. For factor V and II gene polimorphism we used PCR and RLFP method. Acquired protein C resistance and lupus anticoagulant was tested using chronometric method with the use of time measurement of optical density accompanying coagulation. Anticardiolipin antibodies and antibodies against beta2-glicoprotien 1 were measured in ELISA tests. Our current results present the frequency of at least one thrombophilic factor in 16.6% patients. The highest frequency rate was observed among women with pregnancy loss between 7th and 12th gestational week--19.04%. In this group we also noticed the highest number of miscarriages. In remaining two groups, with pregnancy loss between 12th and 22nd and after 22nd gestational week, one case of thrombophilia occurred in each group.
Legal and pedagogical aspects of e-education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article describes the problems of distance education that emerged during the period of the mass migration of educational organizations to the distance learning technologies instead of classroom activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic. What forms of education and teaching technology can create the most effective learning environment for students? The author offers his answers to the questions posed by the results of a comparative analysis of the legal and psychological-pedagogical aspects of distance and classroom teaching in a historical perspective. It is noted that the experience gained in the massive use of e-learning technologies allows us to formulate requirements for a roadmap for migration to a qualitatively new level of education by adjusting the approach to the use of IT and the management of educational processes. The aim of the article is to attract the attention of specialists and a wide audience to the possibilities of improving education in the context of the computer revolution.
LITERATURE SURVEY OF THE MEIJI SANRIKU TSUNAMI EARTHQUAKE OF JUNE 15, 1896(Disaster)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Meiji Sanriku Tsunami Earthquake of 1896 caused severe damage to the costal area of Northeastern Japan. Especially in Miyagi, Iwate and Amomori Prefectures more than 20 thousands were killed by this tsunami and detailed reports on this disasters were documented. However, the damage in Hokkaido is not recorded in details. In this paper a literature survey was carried out though unknown documents and newspaper articles. Detailed damage by settlements listed. Totally 6 persons were killed at 3 settlements and 25 houses were washed out by this tsunami.
The role of Phosphorylation in Claudin 1 mislocalization in human breast cancer cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Claudin 1, a major tight junction protein, is frequently deregulated and mislocalized to the cytoplasm in some human breast cancers. Mislocalization of claudin 1 has been recently shown to enhance the metastatic potential in other cancers, including melanoma, colon and liver cancers, and thus, may also promote metastasis in breast cancer. Moreover, the C-terminus of the claudin 1 protein has been shown to direct its membrane localization in normal epithelial cells. Furthermore, protein kinase activity (PKA/PKC) is important in regulating claudin 1 expression and localization in several cancers. Therefore, in breast cancer, it is possible that the phosphorylation of the PKA/PKC sites within the C-terminus may direct the localization of claudin 1. Thus, the hypothesis of the study is that mislocalization of claudin 1 in human breast cancer cells is regulated by phosphorylation. First, to demonstrate whether the C-terminus of claudin 1 regulates its membrane localization in human breast cancer cells, GFP-tagged claudin 1 constructs lacking 24 amino acids of the C-terminus were generated. When these constructs were transfected into breast cancer cell lines (T47D and MCF-7), decreased membrane staining but increased cytoplasmic staining was observed compared to the full-length constructs that were observed primarily in the cell membrane. Next, in order to identify whether predicted phosphorylation sites within the C-terminal domain of claudin 1 protein were responsible for its mislocalization in human breast cancer cells, GFP-claudin 1 constructs were generated using site-directed mutagenesis that mimicked both constitutive phosphorylation and non-phosphorylation at PKC/PKA predicted target sites on the C-terminus. Following transfection in MCF-7 cells, constructs mimicking constitutive phosphorylation showed less membrane staining than their non-phosphorylatable counterparts. Taken together, in human breast cancer cells, specific phosphorylation sites within the C-terminus of claudin 1 play a role in its subcellular localization. Thus, these results suggest that phosphorylation may be a mechanism regulating the mislocalization of claudin 1 to the cytoplasm in human breast cancer.
[Coordination of aid to the elderly in the environment of a local community health unit in Lombardy. Organizational experiences].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A group of geriatric specialists retained their involvement after suppression of a geriatrics division as part of the Lombard Region's hospital plan. Reference is made to the geriatric orientation bestowed on a rehabilitation medicine division, the experiences of a geriatric out-patient department in a hospital, links with rest homes, the social services, the home care services, and family physicians. Updating, training and support activities that can be carried out to help domiciliary service workers are described, along with the support that can be given to rest homes, especially if they have no sheltered structures. Stress is laid on the possible coordination of aid to the elderly on the part of persons operating within a departmental rehabilitative structure.
Screening for TB infection: the operator´s impact

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Accurate diagnosis of TB infection (TBI) is challenging due to the lack of a gold standard. Tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) are currently useful in TBI diagnosis, but both have several limitations. This study aims to evaluate inter-operator variability in TST measurements and determine its impact on TBI diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of patients screened for TBI using at least TST at a public outpatient clinic specialised in TB from January 2019 to August 2021. TST readings performed by five experienced nurses were compared. RESULTS: A total of 671 screenings were analysed. TST positivity rate ( P < 0.001) and mean TST measurements obtained by our nurses were significantly different ( P < 0.001). Concordance of TST and IGRA results was of 83.4% in the overall population (κ = 0.479). However, TST/IGRA agreement was significantly different among nurses ( P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Our analysis of TST measurements by experienced nurses shows significant differences in TST positivity rate, mean measured values and overall concordance with IGRA. This led to significant different outcomes in TBI diagnosis and subsequent treatment. TST measurement differences could potentially be more pronounced if we considered untrained operators or those with occasional reading experience.
MEMPERKUAT LITERASI KEUANGAN DAN INVESTASI SYARI'AH

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The capital market plays an important role for the progress of the Indonesian economy. In addition, the capital market can also be an alternative investment for investors. The capital market in a narrow sense is a stock exchange or a place to trade securities for investors. This means that the capital market is a place where parties who need capital or funds meet with those who have excess funds. While the capital market in a broad sense is a means used by people who need long-term capital. Parties who need capital are the private sector or the government and the public, also known as investors.
Last-Iterate Convergence in No-Regret Learning: Games with Reference Effects Under Logit Demand

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This work examines the behaviors of the online projected gradient ascent (OPGA) algorithm and its variant in a repeated oligopoly price competition under reference effects. In particular, we consider that multiple firms engage in a multiperiod price competition, where consecutive periods are linked by the reference price update and each firm has access only to its own first-order feedback. Consumers assess their willingness to pay by comparing the current price against the memory-based reference price, and their choices follow the multinomial logit (MNL) model. We use the notion of stationary Nash equilibrium (SNE), defined as the fixed point of the equilibrium pricing policy, to simultaneously capture the long-run equilibrium and stability. We first study the loss-neutral reference effects and show that if the firms employ the OPGA algorithm—adjusting the price using the first-order derivatives of their log-revenues—the price and reference price paths attain last-iterate convergence to the unique SNE, thereby guaranteeing the no-regret learning and market stability. Moreover, with appropriate step-sizes, we prove that this algorithm exhibits a convergence rate of [Formula: see text] in terms of the squared distance and achieves a constant dynamic regret. Despite the simplicity of the algorithm, its convergence analysis is challenging due to the model lacking typical properties such as strong monotonicity and variational stability that are ordinarily used for the convergence analysis of online games. The inherent asymmetry nature of reference effects motivates the exploration beyond loss-neutrality. When loss-averse reference effects are introduced, we propose a variant of the original algorithm named the conservative-OPGA (C-OPGA) to handle the nonsmooth revenue functions and show that the price and reference price achieve last-iterate convergence to the set of SNEs with the rate of [Formula: see text]. Finally, we demonstrate the practicality and robustness of OPGA and C-OPGA by theoretically showing that these algorithms can also adapt to firm-differentiated step-sizes and inexact gradients. This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization and decision analytics. Funding: J. Lavaei acknowledges the support from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant W911NF2010219, Office of Naval Research under Grant N000142412673, AFOSR, NSF, and the UC Noyce Initiative. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03464 .