jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a Functional Role of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum Isocitrate Lyase in Desiccation Tolerance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of soybean. In previous studies, transcriptomic profiling of B. japonicum USDA110, grown under various environmental conditions, revealed the highly induced gene aceA, encoding isocitrate lyase (ICL). The ICL catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to succinate and glyoxylate in the glyoxylate bypass of the TCA cycle. Here, we evaluated the functional role of B. japonicum ICL under desiccation-induced stress conditions. We purified AceA (molecular mass = 65 kDa) from B. japonicum USDA110, using a His-tag and Ni-NTA column approach, and confirmed its ICL enzyme activity. The aceA mutant showed higher sensitivity to desiccation stress (27% relative humidity (RH)), compared to the wild type. ICL activity of the wild type strain increased approximately 2.5-fold upon exposure to 27% RH for 24 h. The aceA mutant also showed an increased susceptibility to salt stress. Gene expression analysis of aceA using qRT-PCR revealed a 148-fold induction by desiccation, while other genes involved in the glyoxylate pathway were not differentially expressed in this condition. Transcriptome analyses revealed that stress-related genes, such as chaperones, were upregulated in the wild-type under desiccating conditions, even though fold induction was not dramatic (ca. 1.5–2.5-fold).
The Strength of Poincare’s Leadership

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Essay| September 01 1923 The Strength of Poincare’s Leadership William Macdonald William Macdonald Formerly Proxessor of History at Bowdoin College and Brown University and Lecturer on Government at the University of California; formerly foreign correspondent and associate editor of The Nation (New York); editor and author of several historical works Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1923) 18 (6): 935–941. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1923.18.6.935 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation William Macdonald; The Strength of Poincare’s Leadership. Current History 1 September 1923; 18 (6): 935–941. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1923.18.6.935 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1923 by The Regents of the University of California1923 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Electrooxidative coupling of α-heteroatom-substituted organostannanes and organosilanes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Anodic oxidation of α-heteroatom-substituted organostannanes in the presence of organosilanes such as allylsilanes and silyl enol ethers results in the facile cleavage of the carbon–tin bond and introduction of allyl and acyl groups onto the carbon, respectively.
Metformin Perturbs Pancreatic Differentiation From Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Metformin is becoming a popular treatment before and during pregnancy, but current literature on in utero exposure to metformin lacks long-term clinical trials and mechanistic studies. Current literature on the effects of metformin on mature pancreatic β-cells highlights its dual, opposing, protective, or inhibitory effects, depending on metabolic environment. However, the impact of metformin on developing human pancreatic β-cells remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of metformin exposure on human pancreatic β-cell development and function in vitro. In the absence of metabolic challenges such as high levels of glucose and fatty acids, metformin exposure impaired the development and function of pancreatic β-cells, with downregulation of pancreatic genes and dysfunctional mitochondrial respiration. It also affected the insulin secretion function of pancreatic β-cells. These findings call for further in-depth evaluation of the exposure of human embryonic and fetal tissue during pregnancy to metformin and its implications for long-term offspring health.
Learner Achievement Effect of the Multiple Intelligences Theory Based Teaching in the Unit of Whole Numbers at the Primary Education Seventh Grade Mathematics Course

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The only way to be able to succeed in mathematics is to understand its nature. If you cannot discover the beauty of mathematics and make students curious about it, mathematics education may not be realized. The aim of mathematics must be solving to learn, not learning to solve. It is not possible to convince students that “mathematics is joyful” before they are made a part of it. Multiple Intelligences Theory may be useful to realize this part of mathematical charasteristics. Mathematics has relationships with other disciplines as well as abstract discussion inside. In this study, the effect of the application of Multiple Intelligences Theory upon the learning process is investigated. Success in mathematics is compared by “Whole Numbers Knowledge Scale”. After the statistical analyses it was seen that througout the application process, there has been important diMatematik Öğretimi, Çoklu Zeka TeorisiMathematics Teaching, Intelligence, Multiple Intelligences Theory Tam Metin
USING AN EXTENDED SUFFIX TREE TO SPEED-UP SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An important problem in computational biology is the alignment of a given query sequence and sequences in a database to find similar (locally or globally) sequences from the database to the query. Many heuristic algorithms for this problem are based on the idea of locating a fixed-length matching pair of substrings (called a seed) to start an alignment, and then extending this alignment using dynamic programming. We generalize this idea and take it one step further in a tool we develop, namely Sequence Comparison Tool (SCT). SCT preprocesses the database to create a special generalized suffix tree from the sequences in the database. This tree extends the definition of a generalized suffix tree by containing additional information at the nodes for the length and frequency (number of occurrences) of the corresponding substrings (patterns). A pattern is regarded as significant if it is sufficiently long and it appears many times in the database. A significant pattern shared by two sequences is an indication that the sequences are locally similar. SCT ranks the sequences with respect to the number of significant patterns they share with the query sequence. SCT reduces the database by selecting a given number of sequences with the topmost ranks. It proceeds with invoking an ordinary local alignment algorithm on this reduced database. We conducted experiments on real biological sequences, and compared SCT&apos;s performance with a popular alignment tool BLAST. In these tests we used the 6-fold cross validation technique of data mining. The tests show that SCT effectively reduces the database and obtains very similar results compared to those of BLAST in approximately half the time taken by BLAST.
Sleep in mice with nonfunctional growth hormone-releasing hormone receptors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The role of the somatotropic axis in sleep regulation was studied by using the lit/lit mouse with nonfunctional growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH) receptors (GHRH-Rs) and control heterozygous C57BL/6J mice, which have a normal phenotype. During the light period, the lit/lit mice displayed significantly less spontaneous rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS) than the controls. Intraperitoneal injection of GHRH (50 μg/kg) failed to promote sleep in the lit/lit mice, whereas it enhanced NREMS in the heterozygous mice. Subcutaneous infusion of GH replacement stimulated weight gain, increased the concentration of plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and normalized REMS, but failed to restore normal NREMS in the lit/lit mice. The NREMS response to a 4-h sleep deprivation was attenuated in the lit/lit mice. In control mice, intraperitoneal injection of ghrelin (400 μg/kg) elicited GH secretion and promoted NREMS, and intraperitoneal administration of the somatostatin analog octretotide (Oct, 200 μg/kg) inhibited sleep. In contrast, these responses were missing in the lit/lit mice. The results suggest that GH promotes REMS whereas GHRH stimulates NREMS via central GHRH-Rs and that GHRH is involved in the mediation of the sleep effects of ghrelin and somatostatin.
Scale-independent assessment of discharge reduction and riparian disconnectivity following flow regulation by dams

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Research Article| July 01, 2003 Scale-independent assessment of discharge reduction and riparian disconnectivity following flow regulation by dams Francis J. Magilligan; Francis J. Magilligan 1Department of Geography, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Keith H. Nislow; Keith H. Nislow 2U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Brian E. Graber Brian E. Graber 3Watershed Restoration Specialist, Madison, Wisconsin 53703, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Geology (2003) 31 (7): 569–572. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0569:SAODRA>2.0.CO;2 Article history received: 14 Jan 2003 rev-recd: 31 Mar 2003 accepted: 04 Apr 2003 first online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Francis J. Magilligan, Keith H. Nislow, Brian E. Graber; Scale-independent assessment of discharge reduction and riparian disconnectivity following flow regulation by dams. Geology 2003;; 31 (7): 569–572. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0569:SAODRA>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract By using the established hydraulic relationships among flood frequency, flood magnitude, and river-channel capacity, we develop a scale-independent assessment of the hydrogeomorphic impacts of 21 dams across the United States that have broad ranges in function and contributing drainage area. On the basis of generalized extreme value (GEV) analysis of pre- and post-dam hydrologic records, our analysis indicates that the 2 yr discharge has decreased ∼60% following impoundment, exceeding the magnitude of climatically triggered discharge reductions occurring during the Holocene. Reductions in the frequency of the pre-dam 2 yr discharge have been equally profound. The pre-dam 2 yr flood has occurred on average twice per site, whereas statistical analysis indicates that it should have occurred ∼20 times. Furthermore, floods greater than bankfull have been essentially eliminated by dams, completely disconnecting the riparian zone from riverine influence. Our analyses herein suggest that a critical threshold of disconnectivity exists and corresponds approximately to the pre-dam 5 yr flood. This similar recurrence probability exists independent of region, dam type, or catchment size. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Social marketing-based strategy for obesity interventions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

[Extract] The evidence base suggests that, if carefully created and deployed, social marketing can make an important contribution in combating obesity. We found limited exemplars to illustrate, but one such is the US VERB programme aimed at ‘tweenies’. The lack of exemplars is due to the low level of social marketing expertise applied to health interventions to date. In our view , the key missing link has been insufficient attention paid to the idea of “customer value”. People need personal motives to change behaviour – reasons to change that outweigh the benefits of their current behaviour. However, social marketing on its own is not predicted to be sufficient to shift BMI levels without large scale help from environmental changes. Intensive one-to-one programmes have been shown to work well (but are costly), but the limited success of US Stanford, Pawtucket and Minnesota trials illustrates that obesity is possibly the most difficult of all health problems to solve at a ‘population level’. Social marketing should be seen as part of the solution: to be deployed with appropriate budget support, alongside other approaches. It is also a long term option: the success of anti-smoking and anti-drink drive programmes is down to a determined, multi-faceted public health approach over many years.
Influence of mobile DNA-protein-DNA bridges on DNA configurations: Coarse-grained Monte-Carlo simulations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A large literature exists on modeling the influence of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins on the shape of the DNA double helix in terms of one or a few fixed constraints. This approach is inadequate for the many proteins that bind DNA sequence independently, and that are present in very large quantities rather than as a few copies, such as the nucleoid proteins in bacterial cells. The influence of such proteins on DNA configurations is better modeled in terms of a great number of mobile constraints on the DNA. Types of constraints that mimic the influence of various known non-specifically DNA binding proteins include DNA bending, wrapping, and bridging. Using Monte-Carlo simulations, we here investigate the influence of (non-interacting) mobile DNA-protein-DNA bridges on the configurations of a 1000 bp piece of linear DNA, for both homogeneous DNA and DNA with an intrinsic planar bend. Results are compared to experimental data on the bacterial nucleoid protein H-NS that forms DNA-protein-DNA bridges. In agreement with data on H-NS, we find very strong positioning of DNA-protein-DNA bridges in the vicinity of planar bends. H-NS binds to DNA very cooperatively, but for non-interacting bridges we only find a moderate DNA-induced clustering. Finally, it has been suggested that H-NS is an important contributor to the extreme condensation of bacterial DNA into a nucleoid structure, but we find only a moderate compaction of DNA coils with increasing numbers of non-interacting bridges. Our results illustrate the importance of quantifying the various effects on DNA configurations that have been proposed for proteins that bind DNA sequence independently.
Adrenal medullary opioid receptors are linked to GTP-binding proteins, pertussis toxin substrates.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Effects of Gpp(NH)p and pretreatment of membranes with pertussis toxin (PT) were studied on opioid binding to bovine adrenal medullary opioid receptors. Gpp(NH)p inhibited [3H]DADLE binding by increasing the dissociation constant. PT treatment reduced [3H]DADLE binding and almost abolished the Gpp(NH)p inhibition of [3H]DADLE binding. Levorphanol did not show any significant effect on bovine adrenal medullary adenylate cyclase activity. These results suggest that bovine adrenal medullary opioid receptors are linked to PT-sensitive GTP-binding proteins which are not directly coupled to adenylate cyclase.
Infrared Photodetector Based on van der Waals MoS2/MoTe2 Hetero‐Bilayer Modulated by Photogating

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Photodetectors based on 2D hetero‐bilayers can overcome the bandgap limitations of individual 2D monolayers and operate at relatively long wavelengths. However, ultra‐low light absorptions within hetero‐bilayers result in extremely weak photoresponsivity. Here, an infrared photodetector based on the MoS 2 /MoTe 2 type‐II hetero‐bilayer is demonstrated to reach a photoresponsivity of 0.55 A W −1 at 1550 nm, well beyond energy band cut‐offs of monolayer MoS 2 and MoTe 2 , primarily resulted from the photogating effect. Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy reveal strong interlayer couplings in the hetero‐bilayer, and a broad PL peak around 1550 nm is observed that is ascribed to interlayer transitions of carriers. The photodetector showcases a broadband detection capability from 1100 to 1700 nm, with a peak at 1550 nm corresponding to the interlayer absorption. Electrical characterization of the hetero‐bilayer‐based field‐effect transistor and kelvin probe force microscopy reveal efficient interlayer hole transfer. The highly responsive MoS 2 /MoTe 2 infrared photodetector offers a large photo‐gain of ≈10 3 and a time constant of 130 ms. The research illuminates how interlayer transitions affect 2D hetero‐bilayer‐based photodetectors and advances the utilization of layered semiconductor heterostructures.
Identification of Position-independent Geometric Errors for two rotary axis of five-axis machine tool using a double ball-bar

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Inaccuracy geometric precision of the rotary axis causes serious dimensional errors in a workpiece in precision machining. A quick identification method is proposed for the identification of the rotary axes position-independent geometric errors (PIGEs) using a double ball bar (DBB). For the B-axis test, translational errors and rotational errors are measured by singular-axis and multi-axis controlled movements respectively. Path generation for the C-axis test with three simultaneous control movements is implemented to identify the PIGEs. The quick identification method is simulated and performed on a multi-axis configuration. The result shows that the method is suitable for PIGEs identification on multi-axis configuration.
Radio Frequency Based Programmable Logic Controller Anomaly Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The research goal involved developing improved methods for securing Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) devices against unauthorized entry and mitigating the risk of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) attack by detecting malicious software and/or trojan hardware. A Correlation Based Anomaly Detection (CBAD) process was developed to enable 1) software anomaly detection discriminating between various operating conditions to detect malfunctioning or malicious software, firmware, etc., and 2) hardware component discrimination discriminating between various hardware components to detect malfunctioning or counterfeit, trojan, etc., components.
A kinase interacting protein (AKIP1) is a key regulator of cardiac stress

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance Early signaling events leading to protection in the heart under cardiac injury are poorly understood. We identified one such protein, A kinase interacting protein (AKIP1), as a modulator that responds to oxidative stress; up-regulation of AKIP1 showed protection to ischemic injury through enhanced mitochondrial integrity. We show AKIP1 functions as a molecular scaffold via interaction with mitochondrial apoptosis inducing factor and increases protein kinase A activity. These mitochondrial signaling complexes assembled by AKIP1 alter the physiological response of the heart under ischemic stress. Understanding molecular activity and regulation of AKIP1 could lead to novel therapeutic approaches to limit myocardial injury.
Clinico-Haematological Profile of Megaloblastic Anaemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Megaloblastic anaemia is one of the important causes of anaemias. It is a macrocytic anaemia resulting from abnormal maturation of hematopoietic cells due to faulty DNA synthesis. Two vitamins, cyanocobalamin (vitaminB12) and folic acid are essential for DNA biosynthesis. Deficiency of either vitamin results in abnormal nuclear maturation with normal cytoplasmic maturation, apoptosis, ineffective erythropoiesis, intramedullary haemolysis, pancytopenia and typical morphological abnormalities in blood and marrow cells. Methods: This descriptive study was carried out for two and a half years (July 2011 to December 2013) in the department of Pathology, Star hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Out of 885 anaemic patients 55 diagnosed as megaloblastic anaemia were included in the study. Complete blood count, reticulocyte count, peripheral smear and bone marrow examination were performed. Serum vitamin B12 and folic acid estimation was done in 32 cases. Results: Out of 55 cases of megaloblastic anaemia, 31 were female and 24 were male with a female to male ratio of 1.3:1. Age range was 18 to 80 years. Pallor was the predominant clinical finding in these cases. Twenty cases (36.36%) presented with only anaemia while others presented with pancytopenia or bicytopenia. Of the 55 cases of megaloblastic anaemia,32 had assays done for cobalamin and folate, of which 15 (46.88%) had cobalamin deficiency, 4 (12.5%) had folate deficiency and 13 (40.62%) had combined deficiency. Conclusion: Megaloblastic anaemia can present with varied clinical manifestations. Strong suspicion of megaloblastic anaemia should be entertained by clinicians to improve clinical outcome. Prompt diagnosis is important as it is a completely curable condition.
Are Our Assumptions About Diaspora and Immigrant Philanthropy Generalizable? Exploring the Relevance to High-Income Countries of Origin

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We examine the relevance of suggestive findings and assumptions about immigrant philanthropy to a diaspora from a high-income country of origin, whose members are generally highly educated and professionally employed: the Lithuanian diaspora. We investigate whether this immigrant group’s voluntary sector participation, despite these differences, may evolve similar to that of other immigrant groups studied. The study casts doubt on the generalizability of the current claims from the literature—which is largely derived from cases of immigrants migrating from the South to the North—to immigrant and diaspora groups who are highly skilled and originating from relatively more industrialized countries (North–North migration). The findings highlight the need to examine the voluntary sector participation of a greater variety of diasporas and to recognize that not all groups will behave similarly. Some of the differentiated behavior may stem from demographic characteristics specific to North–North migration.