jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus esophagogastritis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Symptomatic cytomegalovirus involvement of the gastrointestinal tract has become increasingly recognized in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This may take varying forms, often mimicking more well known entities. This is a report of a male intravenous drug abuser with documented acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, who developed dysphagia and evidence of distal esophagitis. Although this was initially thought to be related to reflux peptic disease, he subsequently was documented to have cytomegalovirus esophagitis and gastritis. His course was further complicated by small bowel perforation with cytomegalovirus found here as well. Cytomegalovirus infection, in general, and its increasingly recognized role in the morbidity of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is discussed.
Ecclesiology and Ministry as Reflected in Contemporary Ordination Rites

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

(Excerpt)\nThe ministry is a problem and the doctrine of the ministry has been, for Lutheran theology, an insoluble problem. Perhaps the root of the problem is more ecclesiastical than ecclesiological. Robert Paul has suggested that "for every kind of ecclesiology there is a related form of ordained ministry."1 The Lutheran doctrine of the church is clear (although we have some problems defining and numbering sacraments and thus the marks of the church); but our church polity is confused --to say the least. Current discussions of Lutheran unity and possible merger under three different types of organization reflect that lack of .clarity.
Intracellular pH in the isolated perfused rabbit proximal straight tubule

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For the purpose of measuring the intracellular pH (pHi) of the mammalian renal proximal tubule, a liquid membrane pH microelectrode was made using a neutral hydrogen ion-selective carrier. The pHi of the rabbit proximal straight tubule perfused in vitro with a solution containing 25 mM HCO3- was 7.22 +/- 0.03. We noted a value significantly lower than the bath pH of 7.44 +/- 0.02 but significantly higher than the pHi of 6.62 +/- 0.03 predicted for passive H+ distribution. Replacement of luminal Na+ with choline quickly (within 1 min) decreased pHi from 7.25 +/- 0.05 to 7.10 +/- 0.05 (P less than 0.001). This change was reversible when Na+ was added again in the luminal solution. A reduction of luminal Na+ from 20 mM to 0 also reduced pHi from 7.15 +/- 0.06 to 7.04 +/- 0.08, and this pHi reduction was blocked by luminal addition of 1 mM amiloride. However, pHi reduction induced by luminal Na+ removal was not affected by luminal addition of 1 mM SITS. Replacement of bath Na+ with choline also reversibly reduced pHi from 7.27 +/- 0.02 to 7.15 +/- 0.02 (P less than 0.001), but this change was totally blocked by the presence of 1 mM SITS. Accordingly, these data suggest that a Na+-H+ exchanger exists in the luminal membrane of the intact rabbit proximal straight tubule.
ON CERTAIN MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN TWO-PHOTON LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In an earlier paper, we derived the distribution of the number of photons detected in two-photon laser scanning microscopy when the counter has a dead period. We assumed a Poisson number of emissions, exponential waiting times, and an infinite time horizon, and used an equivalent inhomogeneous Poisson process formulation. We then used that result to improve image quality as measured by the signal-to-noise ratio. Here, we extend that study in two directions. First, we treat the finite-horizon case to assess the accuracy of the simpler infinite-horizon approximation. Second, we use a direct approach by conditioning on the Poisson count for the infinite-horizon case to derive several polynomial identities.
Comparison Of Algorithms to Detect Straight Line Edges in Images for Metrological Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Edge detection is one of the first steps in analysing a digital image. While several algorithms have been proposed in the past, there is limited work that compares their performance for metrological applications. This work compares seven algorithms including two pixel-based - Otsu and Canny’s methods, and five sub-pixel-based - cubic interpolation, quintic interpolation, moment based, partial-area based and subset tracking based approaches for determining the straight-line edges. The study considers both synthetic and real images. The real images were of objects of interest in dimensional metrology, from razor blade edges to the longitudinal edges of cylinders of various diameters and the parallel measuring faces of gauge blocks. While the root mean squared deviation was the primary criterion, a comparison of the computational times was also carried out. Results indicate that quintic interpolation gives the best results, though it also requires the most computational time among all the evaluated methods.
Learning from Weakly-Labeled Web Videos via Exploring Sub-concepts

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Learning visual knowledge from massive weakly-labeled web videos has attracted growing research interests thanks to the large corpus of easily accessible video data on the Internet. However, for video action recognition, the action of interest might only exist in arbitrary clips of untrimmed web videos, resulting in high label noises in the temporal space. To address this challenge, we introduce a new method for pre-training video action recognition models using queried web videos. Instead of trying to filter out potential noises, we propose to provide fine-grained supervision signals by defining the concept of Sub-Pseudo Label (SPL). Specifically, SPL spans out a new set of meaningful "middle ground" label space constructed by extrapolating the original weak labels during video querying and the prior knowledge distilled from a teacher model. Consequently, SPL provides enriched supervision for video models to learn better representations and improves data utilization efficiency of untrimmed videos. We validate the effectiveness of our method on four video action recognition datasets and a weakly-labeled image dataset. Experiments show that SPL outperforms several existing pre-training strategies and the learned representations lead to competitive results on several benchmarks.
First record of some jumping spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Salticidae) from Pench National Park, Maharashtra State, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Spiders are one of the most familiar and studied groups of arthropods. They are ubiquitous in most terrestrial ecosystems preying on other arthropods as well as their own type. Jumping spiders belong to family Salticidae and constitute the largest family of spiders. While studying animal diversity in Pench National Park, Maharashtra State, India, five species of jumping spiders were identified, which have not been previously described from the study area. These five species of jumping spiders, namely, Hasarius adansoni, Menemerus bivittatus, Plexippus paykulli, Plexippus petersi, and Telamonia dimidiata are new records for Pench National Park, Maharashtra.
The Pathologic Anatomy of Lead Poisoning in Dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Thirty-two dogs diagnosed as having lead poisoning were studied postmortem. Enlarged, pale staining nuclei of renal proximal tubular cells and hepatocytes were present in all affected dogs and frequently contained acid-fast inclusions. Bone changes consisting of persistent, thick cartilaginous trabeculae rimmed with bone caused radiopaque bands in the metaphyses of eight immature dogs. Brain lesions were characterized by vascular damage. Distended arterioles and capillaries were lined with swollen or necrotic endothelium and were often surrounded by hemorrhage and edema. These changes were associated with laminar necrosis in the cerebral cortex. Proliferation of new capillaries and gliosis occurred in dogs with chronic encephalopathies. Other changes included hyperplasia of bone marrow, metarubricytes in blood vessels, necrosis of occasional striated muscle fibers, decreased numbers of sperm and ovarian follicles, and peripheral neuropathy.
Pay as you earn - an administrative look

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The legislation which introduced Pay As You Earn in Malta came into effect in January of 1973 which is the basis year for year of assessment 1974. It is not my task to explain the merits and demerits of the system as that is the province of the economist and politician. My chief concern is with laying down in simple terms its adminisrative aspects from the standpoints of the three parties involved, namely the CIR, the employer and the tax payer.
THE PERCEPTIONS OF THE PROVIDER ASSESSMENTS FOR PATIENT EXPERIENCES DURING PAIN AND ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT IN JORDANIAN CONTEXT

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: The goal of the present study is to determine the perceptions of the provider assessments for patient experiences during pain and orthodontic treatment in Jordanian context. Materials and Methods: The research sample was gathered at the Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Princess Haya Bent Alhussain Hospital, and Price Hashim Hospital from patients who have had orthodontic treatment in the past. Specifically, 107 questionnaires were analyzed. The questionnaire aimed to identify the pain during and appointments based on providers’ and patients experience. The replies of the patients were calculated using frequency. Result: A comparison was also conducted, focusing on the average responses from all of the providers and patients. The independent sample t-tests showed the estimation of the providers regarding the last appointment of their patients. The providers asked their patients how much pain they were experiencing (2.93 versus 2.50; P.056). Following this, a comparison was made regarding the pain that patients experienced immediately after the last appointment (3.83 versus 3.62; P.047), as well as one day after the treatment (3.72 versus 3.48; P.006) and two days after the last appointment (3.19 versus 3.08; P .001). Last but not least, it is demonstrated that at today's appointment, difference was (2.13 vs 2.28; P .425). Conclusions: Finding out whether or not orthodontists are aware that their patients take pain medication and whether or not patient reports of their pain are compatible with orthodontists' assessments of their patients' pain levels are crucial.
Different Coevolutionary Breeding Strategies of Ischnoceran Lice onPrunella collarisandP. modularisin High Mountains

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Alpine accentors (Prunella collaris) and dunnocks (P. modularis) are closely related species of Prunellidae, which often breed in polygynandrous groups and have specific types of mating behaviour. The alpine accentor lives at high altitudes, in an extreme alpine environment; the dunnock is widely dispersed from lowland to tree line in the mountains. Both species are hosts of the related species of wing lice Philoptersus emiliae and Ph. modularis, respectively. Behavioural differences between these two host species may have resulted in different breeding and seasonal adaptations by their parasites. The main goal of this paper was to test this hypothesis. Sixty five alpine accentors Prunella collaris (Scopoli, 1769) and eighty four dunnocks Prunella modularis (Linnaeus, 1758) were examined for Ischnocera lice in the West Carpathians, Slovakia from 1988 to 2001, and from 2007 to 2010, respectively. Birds were found to be infested with two species of Ischnoceran lice: the parasite species are not competing as they each have their own host Philopterus emiliae Balát, 1955 /P. collaris and Philopterus modularis (Denny, 1842) /P. modularis. Significant differences in abundance and prevalence existed between these two species of lice. High number of Ph. modularis nymphs in the comparison to Ph. emiliae nymphs reflects the different ecological, behavioural and phylogenetic trajectories of their host bird species. This work is the first to assess the louse breeding strategies on two closely related bird species in the high mountain environment.
Development trends of arabinose and composed polymer derivatives of other sugars

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Arabinose and composed polymer derivatives of other sugars widely distributed in nature,and have important physiological functions for human health.But nature has not free arabinose,arabinose was abtained from complex derivatives to extract the polymer.Since 2008,the Ministry of Health approved monosaccharide L-arabinose as the new resources of food,for the function of arabinose there are more reports.In order to enable readers to learn more about development trend of arabinose and other sugars derivatives,arabinose and other sugars derivatives briefly was described below complex movements together.
T tHE primary objective of Egypt's policy in the Sudan is to safeguard

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

No politician can ignore Egypt's interest in the Sudan. Its permanent and vital interest concerns Egypt's life. Egypt gets its water from the Nile which flows in the heart of the Sudan. The Nile to Egypt is a matter of life or death. If the waters of this river were discontinued or were controlled by a hostile state or a state that could become hostile, Egypt's life is over. Of course, whoever controls the Sudan naturally controls the northern Nile Valley. Egypt in this era of conflicting political doctrines cannot trust the neighbors of the Sudan. Today's friends may become tomorrow's enemies. For this reason, all of Egypt's efforts are to insure for herself a secure life in the coming future.1 The Sudan is a predominant factor in the formulation of Egypt's African policy. This can be perceived in light of the fact that the decision-making process is, as of this writing, concentrated in the hands of Nasir and his fellow officers, most of whom grew up in the era during which the Sudan was a dominant factor in Egypt's national aspirations. Many of them served in the Sudan and some were born there. Also, they are to a large degree strategy oriented, owing to their military backgrounds. Most of them are Staff College graduates and tend to be sensitive more to the strategic rather than to the political considerations in foreign policy. Therefore, it is natural for them to emphasize the Sudan. Egyptian strategists have dealt in great detail with the importance of the Sudan. The primary consideration is that the Sudan controls the sources of the Nile River. There the branches of the Nile meet to form the so-called Great Nile. The salient point is that any aggressive power that controls the Nile sources will govern the waters coming north.2 Another important strategic consideration is the location of the Sudan. It has an excellent position in the heart of the Continent and is considered a base controlling 1. 'Abd al-Rahman Zaki, Al-Sharq Al-Aw.s (The Middle East), (Cairo: The Egyptian Renaissance
Analysis of Patient Experiences Regarding JAK Inhibitors for Atopic Dermatitis, Psoriasis, Alopecia Areata, and Vitiligo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

The use of medications which target the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, also known as janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, has rapidly increased in recent years. Patient perceptions, opinions, and concerns regarding the use of JAK inhibitors are largely uninvestigated. Our objective is to better understand patient concerns, reported side effects, and sentiments regarding the use of JAK inhibitors for dermatologic disease. The authors performed a cross-sectional analysis of the most frequented subreddits for dermatologic disease in which JAK inhibitors have obtained FDA approval (r/atopic dermatitis, r/psoriasis, r/alopecia areata, r/vitiligo, and r/eczeJAKS). The sentiment, central theme, and engagement level of each post was evaluated using previously utilized methods. Nine hundred twenty-three posts were analyzed, with the majority focusing on efficacy (433, 47%) and medication-related side effects (150, 16%). Other themes of interest to patients were Payment/Insurance (84, 9%), Study Results/News (69, 7%), Administration/Dosage (33, 4%), and Medication Interactions (31, 3%). The most frequently reported side effects were acne/folliculitis (24, 22%), nausea/gastrointestinal disturbance (11,10%), and fatigue/muscle aches (10, 9%). At the same time, the medication interactions garnering the most concern were sunscreens/facial moisturizers (5, 16%), topical calcineurin inhibitors (4, 13%), and Marijuana/THC (3, 9.%). This analysis highlights that patients are most concerned about the efficacy and side effects of JAK inhibitors in addition to issues regarding access to JAK inhibitors. Providers can use the insights gained from this study to address hesitancy better and guide comprehensive, patient-centered discussions with patients regarding JAK inhibitor use.
Intermediate RREP for dynamic MANET On-demand (AODVv2) Routing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODVv2) routing protocol is
intended for use by mobile routers in wireless, multihop networks.
AODVv2 determines unicast routes among AODVv2 routers within the
network in an on-demand fashion, offering on-demand convergence in
dynamic topologies. This document specifies an extension to AODVv2
(possibly useful with other reactive routing protocols) enabling
intermediate nodes to shorten route discovery times.
Consequences of Conformational Preorganization in Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis: Theoretical Studies on the Formation of the Bisabolene, Curcumene, Acoradiene, Zizaene, Cedrene, Duprezianene, and Sesquithuriferol Sesquiterpenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Quantum chemical calculations on cyclization mechanisms for several sesquiterpene families proposed to be closely related to each other in a biogenic sense (the bisabolene, curcumene, acoradiene, zizaene (zizaene, isozizaene, epi-zizaene, and epi-isozizaene), cedrene (alpha/beta-cedrenes and 7-epi-alpha/beta-cedrenes), duprezianene, and sesquithuriferol families) are described. On the basis of the results of these calculations, we suggest that the conformation of the bisabolyl cation attainable in an enzyme active site is a primary determinant of the structure and relative stereochemistry of the sesquiterpenes formed. We also suggest that substantial conformational changes of initially formed conformers of the bisabolyl cation are necessary in order to form zizaene and epi-cedrene. Given that the productive conformation of the bisabolyl cation does not necessarily reflect the original orientation of farnesyl diphosphate bound in the corresponding enzyme active site, we conclude that folding of farnesyl diphosphate alone does not always dictate the structure and relative stereochemistry of cyclization products. In addition, the potential roles of dynamic matching in determining product distributions and enzyme-promoted formation of secondary carbocations are discussed.
A 6G UWB Linear Birefringence Resonant Metamaterial Circular Polarizer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A 6G UWB linear birefringence resonant metamaterial circular polarizer is introduced. This polarizer is a single-layer structure, a ${10\mu\mathrm{m}}$ ultra-thin polyimide film is adopted as the substrate, which efficiently lower the profile of this polarizer. Based on the resonant-type metamaterial design protocol, the metamaterial is composed of a mirror-symmetric T - shaped structure, it can modulate the phase of two orthogonal polarized waves and the low-Q design efficiently increase the bandwidth to 39%. The simulation results suggest that while working at 660GHz, the 3dB axial ration can reach bandwidth is 155GHz, and the insertion loss is less than 5dB.
RESISTANCE OF SOME CONCRETES IN SOLUTIONS OF HYDROFLUOBORIC ACID

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper concerns the issue of boron-fluoro-hydrogenous acid (BFH) water solutions influence on concretes, usually used as flooring materials. A considerable destructive effect of this acid is demonstrated, which can be explained by combined influence of high acidity and the action of the hydrogen fluoride. There has been established an inhibiting effect of the super-plasticizer «Mapefluid» upon the destruction speed and hypotheses have been presented as for the mechanism of such effect.
Profile of Male Breast Cancer in Makkah Region of Saudi Arabia: A 4-Year Retrospective Analysis of Radiology and Histopathology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Mammography is a method widely used for the diagnosis of breast disorders in women and may help detect breast cancer in its early stages. Male breast cancer often remains undiagnosed or is poorly controlled until serious complications arise; therefore, the use of screening methods is needed to help with early diagnosis. Methods. From a total of 1,667 registered mammography cases screened, 17 male breast disease cases were included in this study. Mammography and ultrasound data were analyzed by Statistical Package of Social Sciences v.22 (SPSS). Diagnosis was made following biopsy in suspicious cases, and histopathological and immunological findings of all such patients were obtained for final diagnosis. Results. The mean age of the patients was 35 years (range, 14-70 years); 17.6% of the cases were aged 37 yrs, and 2 cases were aged 51 and 52 yrs. Of the 17 cases, 11 had breast lesions, and skin thickening was observed in only 1 case. The different patterns of lesions detected were asymmetry of the parenchyma, mastitis, and hamartoma ( n=1 each), malignant lesions ( n=2 ), and gynecomastia ( n=6 ). According to the BI-RADS categorization, 8 cases were benign, one case was probably benign, and 2 cases were likely malignant. In the 2 cases with malignant lesions, pathological diagnosis was made after hematoxylin and eosin and immunocytochemistry examination as invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of no special type (NST), grade II and grade III. Conclusions. Most breast lesions in this study population were benign, while IDC was the most common malignancy encountered. Mammography is currently the most accurate and cost-effective method for detecting breast lesions. The findings of our study may help increase awareness of male breast cancer and encourage Saudi men at risk to perform self-breast exam and undergo routine breast screening.
Monitoring central nervous system methotrexate levels via subcutaneous reservoir. Sources of errors in sampling and their avoidance.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Ommaya reservoir allows for ready, well-tolerated direct access to the intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The toxicities associated with central nervous system (CNS) methotrexate (MTX) therapy have been attributed to prolonged high levels of the drug. When samples of CSF are removed from a reservoir for the monitoring of MTX levels, there may be sampling errors introduced by retention of high concentrations of drug in the reservoir. Using an in vitro system we confirm this possibility and show that using different injection or sampling techniques will increase or decrease this error. Without proper sampling, particularly several days after the initial injection, one may overestimate the MTX level and may unnecessarily alter treatment. A simple method of avoiding this error is to flush the reservoir after drug injection with a small (3-5 ml) volume of CSF withdrawn prior to injection.