jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Monolayer Spontaneous Curvature of Raft-Forming Membrane Lipids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Monolayer spontaneous curvatures for cholesterol, DOPE, POPE, DOPC, DPPC, DSPC, POPC, SOPC, and egg sphingomyelin were obtained using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) on inverted hexagonal phases (HII). Spontaneous curvatures of bilayer forming lipids were estimated by adding controlled amounts to a HII forming template following previously established protocols. Spontanous curvatures of both phosphatidylethanolamines and cholesterol were found to be at least a factor of two more negative than those of phosphatidylcholines, whose J0 are closer to zero. Interestingly, a significant positive J0 value (+0.1 1/nm) was retrieved for DPPC at 25 °C. We further determined the temperature dependence of the spontaneous curvatures J0(T) in the range from 15 to 55 \degC, resulting in a quite narrow distribution of -1 to -3 * 10^-3 1/nm°C for most investigated lipids. The data allowed us to estimate the monolayer spontaneous curvatures of ternary lipid mixtures showing liquid ordered / liquid disordered phase coexistence. We report spontaneous curvature phase diagrams for DSPC/DOPC/Chol, DPPC/DOPC/Chol and SM/POPC/Chol and discuss effects on protein insertion and line tension.
Influence of gonadotropins on steroidogenesis by large follicle buffalo granulosa cells under in vitro serum-free conditions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The study was made to examine the effects of FSH and LH on estradiol–17β and progesterone production by large follicle derived buffalo granulosa cells cultured under completely serum-free conditions. Granulosa cells (3×105) from large (>9 mm diameter) follicles were cultured for 24 h in 48-well plates coated with 3.3μg/cm2 fibronectin in DMEM: Nutrient mixture F-12 Ham (1:1 ratio) supplemented with 10-7 M androstenedione, 5 mg/ml human apo-transferrin and 0.1% BSA, in the presence or absence of FSH or LH (1 to 64 ng/ml each). FSH had no effect on estradiol-17β output but at 4 and 8 ng/ml increased progesterone secretion by granulosa cells. All doses of LH tested had stimulatory effect on estradiol-17β while progesterone secretion by granulosa cells was unaffected.
Endoscopic examination of the colon and rectum distal to a colostomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report results of the endoscopic examination of the colon distal to a colostomy in 85 patients. Almost half had symptoms related to the excluded bowel. Whereas severe colitis or tumor may be asymptomatic, many patients had discomfort, pain, bleeding, and discharge. Endoscopic examination revealed abnormal findings in 80% of the patients. These were as uncomplicated as mucous plugs or as serious as polyps or carcinoma. We found a high incidence of diversion colitis in the excluded colon. Because of these abnormal findings, endoscopy of the bowel distal to a colostomy at regular intervals is recommended. Mucous plugs and scybala should be treated by irrigation, while polyps and carcinoma should be treated as they would in the nondiverted colon. Diversion colitis can be treated medically with local steroids, or surgically. In most cases, even in severe colitis, we recommend closure of the colostomy. Removal of the excluded colon is seldom necessary.
Two new species of Entomobrya (Collembola, Entomobryomorpha) from the cave collembolan collection of Bonet from Asturias and Cantabria (north of Spain)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two new species of Entomobrya are described from two caves of Asturias and Cantabria (north of Spain). The specimens were found in the Bonet collembolan collection at the “Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales” of Madrid (Spain). Entomomobrya boneti n. sp. was found in three slides containing 11, 4 and 1 specimens respectively, from the “Cueva del Castillo”, Puente el Viesgo (Santander). Entomobrya luquei n. sp. was found in a slide with 11 specimens from “Cueva de Cuetu-Lledías”, Llanes (Asturias). The species are described considering a set of 39 morphological and chaetotaxy characters. Both species appear to be troglophiles by the pigment reduction, although there are no other troglomorphic characters present. The gut content is composed of organic matter and fungus spores.
Relationship between Cognitive-perceptual Function and Functional Independence in Patients with Ischemic Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine the relationship between cognitive-perceptual function and functional independence in stroke patients. Method: Thirty-three patients (16 male, 17 female) with first ever ischemic stroke were enrolled. Their mean age was 60.4 years and the mean post-onset duration was 8.1 months. Subjects underwent detailed cognitive assessment including digit span test, line bisection test, Albert test, Wechsler nonverbal memory scale, Korean Hopkins verbal learning Test, Rey complex figure test, and trail making test A. Their functional outcomes were assessed using Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Results: Among the cognitive subtests, Wechsler nonverbal memory scale, Albert test, and Rey complex figure test scores had significant correlation with both FIM and MBI scores. Patients with right hemispheric stroke showed significantly lower scores in line bisection test and Rey complex figure test than those with left hemispheric stroke patients. Conclusion: Visuospatial perception and nonverbal memory functions seemed to be two most important cognitive- perceptual domains for functional recovery of stroke patients. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2007; 31: 630-635)
Productivity of multiple-branched horizontal wells

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

To make the function of multi-branched horizontal well productivity match with reality perfectly,in this paper,a threedimensional steady flow velocity potential function for a horizontal well with multiple-branched is derived under unbounded formation. Imaging and superposition principle are applied to derive three-dimensional steady flow velocity potential distribution for a horizontal well with multiple-branched under bounded formation.In 3D steady state potential distribution in a horizontal well from bottom water drive reservoirs,a new formula for calculating the productivity of multiple branched horizontal well is developed.The effects of the horizontal well position relative to water-oil contact and permeability anisotropy on productivity are considered.A modified factor of flow resistance is introduced into the formula.It makes the formula simpler and more practical.An example of calculation shows that the new formula is stricter and quicker and its results match well with practical data.
Beer foam decay: effect of glass surface quality and CO2 content

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The effect of beer glass surface quality and CO 2 content in beer on foam decay was investigated using our experimental method. The effect of beer glass surface quality on foam decay was experimentally investigated for: i) cold & clean glass surface, ii) warm & clean glass surface, iii) cold & greasy glass surface, and iv) cold & dusty glass surface. The fastest foam decay was observed for greasy glass surface. It was found that increasing CO 2 content in beer: i) the liquid content in the foam decreases, and ii) the foam breaks down faster. The foam decay and growth kinetics of foam-liquid interface were statistically treated using own models.
A Review on Recent Advances and Perspectives in Hydrogel Polymer Electrolytes for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In comparison with solid polymer electrolytes, hydrogel polymer electrolytes are now a potentially suitable candidate for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). Generally, a hydrogel is mainly composed of a hydrophilic polymer network with a high water absorption propensity and the distinctive properties of being soft and wet, becoming a gel and solid polymer electrolyte in terms of ionic conductivity and mechanical properties. All these unique characteristics of electrolytes combine with an appropriate anode and cathode materials to deliver high safety, low cost, environmental friendliness, and excellent electrochemical performance in ZIB. Nevertheless, there is no comprehensive overview on the development of hydrogel electrolytes for ZIBs available. Therefore, this study focuses on the most recent breakthroughs in hydrogel‐based polymer electrolytes for ZIBs. Further, a brief explanation of various types of hydrogel electrolytes as well as the electrochemical performance of different polymer‐based electrolytes arediscussed. Finally, the challenges of hydrogel electrolytes for currently established Zn‐ion batteries and the future research directions towards the high‐performance flexibile ZIBs are explored.
Intra- and intergroup interrelations of parameters of physical development structure and speed-strength fitness of highly skilled combat athletes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Study Aim. The objective of this work is to study intra- and intergroup interrelations of parameters of physical development (PD) structure and speed-strength fitness (SSF) of highly skilled combat athletes. Material and Methods. The research was conducted on 44 highly skilled athletes aged 18–30 years, members of the national teams of Ukraine in Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling, and judo. Most of them were students. In the course of studies, 39 PD and 11 physical fitness (PF) indices were recorded. Of the PD parameters, the circumferential (CBD) and transverse body dimensions, and skinfold (SF) thickness were registered, whereas of the PF parameters — indices of SSF and special work capacity of combat athletes. The methods of factor, correlation, regression, and canonical analysis were used to process and analyze the experimental material. Results. Statistical analysis revealed three key factors determining the general structure of PD and PF of combat athletes: 1) the factor of CBD; 2) the factor of SSF; 3) the factor of SF thickness and the total level of the fat component. As a result of stepwise regression analysis, multiple regression models characterizing the influence of the key PD and SSF indices on the level of special work capacity of combat athletes were developed. Canonical analysis of interrelations between the parameters of SSF and CBD revealed a high interdependence, indicating that the increase in the CBD of combat athletes contributes to the increase in their SSF and vice versa—the increase in SSF contributes to the increase in CBD. A moderate interdependence was disclosed between the parameters of SF and SSF, explaining the variability of a relatively small part of one group’s parameters when changing the parameters of the other group. The results of the interaction between SF and CBD indicate that the SF thickness indices show a low dependence on the changes in CBD, whereas the latter demonstrates a strong dependence on SF thickness. Conclusions. The key factors of the structure of PD and PF of combat athletes include CBD, SSF, and SF thickness. As a result of the canonical analysis: 1) the specificity of mutual influence and interrelations of the CBD, SSF, and SF indices was determined; 2) the key factors and indices determining the general variability (redundancy) of the parameters of each group under study were revealed; 3) strong, moderate, and weak intra- and intergroup paired interrelations of the CBD, SF thickness, and SSF indices were disclosed. The strongest intra-group interrelations are manifested between the CBD indices, whereas the strongest inter-group interrelations are between the CBD and SF thickness indices.
Lunar tide in the equatorial electrojet in relation to stratospheric warmings

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

[1] The relationship between sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) and large-amplitude lunar tides in the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) is studied. Analysis of ground magnetometer data shows that the lunar tide in the EEJ is maximum during the northern winter season except in the Pacific Ocean region. Since SSWs are also a northern winter phenomenon, it is suggested that the relation between the large lunar tide in the EEJ and the SSW may possibly be coincidental. The lunar tide in the geomagnetic variations at Huancayo is anomalously large compared with other EEJ stations. An examination of geomagnetic variations at EEJ stations during SSW events shows that afternoon counter-electrojets are frequently present at new moon and full moon, though the relationship is sometimes broken. The observation of large lunar EEJs when no SSW is present and of various different delay times suggests that other atmospheric processes are likely to be in play.
High Unemployment and Non Tenured Jobs in the Scientific Labour Market: Institutions and Occupational Mismatch

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper we analyse the recent labour market prospects for scientific PhD graduates. At the end of the 1990s in France, PhD graduates have low labour market prospects in some scientific fields. Firstly, we test indirectly if this situation is due to an overproduction of PhDs in some scientific disciplines. Secondly, we show that this effect of scientific field is not sufficient to explain the difficulties PhD graduates encounter when they enter the labour market. Institutional factors, such as the specific position of PhDs in the innovation and technological systems, explain a part of these difficulties. The recent transformations in the innovation systems could increase these difficulties for PhD graduates who do not have specific characteristics (strong links with the innovation community, broad competencies…).
The Nonprofit Sector: Radical Potential?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

What is the potential for using nonprofit institutions to foster radical change in the United States? At a time when the public sector is heavily constrained, does the third sector provide a base for radical activity? Recent writing advocating growth of the sector is surveyed, as are some of the sector's most significant areas of activity. While most nonprofit institutions function for social reproduction and tight constraints exist for all of them, they do offer some means by which to work for change.
A new breakable stent for recoarctation in early infancy: Preliminary Clinical Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Transcatheter treatment of aortic coarctation (CoA) via stent implantation has become an established treatment option depending on the patient's age and CoA type. Background The Osypka BabyStent ® is a low‐profiled, balloon‐expandable cobalt‐chrome stent to treat aortic CoA in infants, which is breakable to permit unrestricted growth. We hereby evaluated our initial clinical experience to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of this new nonlicensed device, which we have occasionally implanted in critically ill patients or when redo‐surgery would entail an excessively high risk. Methods Retrospective single‐center analysis of all available data during and after treatment with a BabyStent implanted in infants with considerable re‐CoA or reobstruction of the aortic arch after former surgery. All interventions took place under fluoroscopy and conscious sedation with local anesthesia or general anesthesia. Results Five BabyStents were implanted in four infants with technical success in all of them—median age 10 weeks (range 5–21), median bodyweight 3.8 kg (range 2.7–4.5). Aortic diameters enlarged from median 2.25 mm (range 1.5–3.3) to median 5.3 mm (range 4.6–6.0). The follow‐up period lasting up to 26 months (median 8.5, range 2–26) was uneventful concerning stent‐related complications. Conclusions BabyStent ® implantation for recoarctation was effective. However, our initial experience with the device is limited to short‐ and midterm follow‐up only. None of the stents was subsequently overdilated with the intention to break due to our patients’ limited somatic growth so far. A multicenter survey has been initiated to justify device approval. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and Evaluation of Ginkgo biloba/Sodium Alginate Nanocomplex Gel as a Long-Acting Formulation for Wound Healing

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate the Ginkgo biloba nanocomplex gel (GKNG) as a long-acting formulation for the wound healing potential. Pharmaceutical analysis showed an average particle size of 450.14 ± 36.06 nm for GKNG, zeta potential +0.012 ± 0.003 mV, and encapsulation efficiency 91 ± 1.8%. The rheological analysis also showed the optimum diffusion rate and viscosity needed for topical drug delivery. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis further confirmed the success of GKNG. The in vivo study showed increments in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and a lower level of lipid peroxidation (MDA) after GKNG treatment. The GKNG group showed upregulations in collagen type I, as alpha 1 collagen (COL1A1), and collagen type IV, as alpha 1 collagen (COL4A1). Furthermore, the in vivo study showed increments in hydroxyproline, epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) after the GKNG. Additionally, GKNG effectively increased the wound contraction compared to GK gel and sodium alginate (SA) gel. Based on the in vitro and in vivo evaluation, GKNG effectively accelerated wound healing by modulation of antioxidant enzymes, collagens, angiogenic factors, and TGF-β1.
Nickel Exposure and Respiratory Cancers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ISEE-783 Objective: To assess possible influence of nickel refinery on respiratory cancer exposure of inhabitants lived near former Sered nickel refinery, Slovakia since 1988. Materials and Methods: The scenario selection was based on published literature using high concentrations of nickel and its compounds in water, air or agricultural products as exclusive criteria for selecting a settlement to be exposed. Five settlements were assigned as “exposed” out of 36 settlements in district. Cancer incidence was analyzed using data from local hospital oncology department for the time period of 1988–2000. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for all cancers, lung cancer, nasal cavity, and paranasal cavity cancer as well as for laryngeal cancer were calculated. Results: Statistically significant SIRs were not observed for all cancers, 1.044 (0.96–1.14) and 1.022 (0.93–1.12) for males and females, respectively. SIRs for organ specific cancer were below 1; for lung cancer among males SIR = 0.943 (0.78–1.14), among females 0.855 (0.49–1.51), laryngeal cancer among males 0.972 (0.61–1.54) and there was no case identified among females during observation period, cancer in nasal cavity and paranasal cavities among males 0.982 (0.14–6.96) and similarly as in case of laryngeal cancer no case was observed among females. Conclusions: The main weakness is related clearly to ecologic design of study and lies in ecologic fallacy, lack of individual data on exposure, and on important confounding factors (smoking). We would like to do a retrospective occupational cohort study, which would allow for more precise exposure classification and would bring more light into impact of nickel refinery on health in the region and in general.
Light Enhancement of Silicon-Nanocrystal-Embedded SiOx Film on Silicon-on-Insulator Substrate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We reported the light enhancement from a silicon-nanocrystal-embedded SiO x film on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate in the visible light range. The light emission from the annealed SiO x film is one order stronger than the emission from a nonannealed SiO x film. Compared with the SiO x film on a Si substrate, two-fold enhancement in light emission from the SiO x film on a SOI substrate was also observed. The enhancement was attributed to better vertical confinement of optical field in the SiO x film on a SOI substrate.
A De novo Mutation in the COL1A1 Gene Leading to Severe Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is the most common monogenic inherited skeletal dysplasia disorder. Mutations in the COL1A1/COL1A2 gene cause ∼85 to 90% of OI. Studies of cases have demonstrated that missense mutations are the primary cause of OI, with poor prognosis. Case Description We report the case of a fetus with skeletal abnormalities and subcutaneous edema. Ultrasound imaging revealed suspected skeletal malformations, including hypoplastic long bones of all four limbs, poorly ossified calvarium, unrevealing nasal bones, and generalized subcutaneous edema. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous mutation in COL1A1 (c.2174G > T/p.(G725V), NM_000088.3). According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, it was determined to be a pathogenic variant and identified as a de novo variant (PS2 + PP3_strong + PM2_supporting), which has not been reported in the HGMD, gnomAD, ClinVar, or other databases. This variation causes a glycine-to-valine substitution at position 725, located within the Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeat in the helical domain of the collagen molecule. Conclusion The COL1A1 mutation (c.2174G > T/p.(G725V), NM_000088.3) is a novel pathogenic variant of severe OI. Our study expanded the OI COL1A1 gene variation profiles in the Chinese population and provided a theoretical foundation for prenatal diagnosis, genetic counseling, and obstetric management.
Anticipation in progressive diaphyseal dysplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Editor—Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (MIM 131300) is an autosomal dominant osteochondrodysplasia with late onset and marked variability in expression of clinical and radiological features.1 We have recently described a patient with this diagnosis and suggested the presence of anticipation,2 the tendency of a familial disorder to occur earlier in the younger than in the older generations of a family.3

In order to assess whether this hypothesis were true, we examined 24 other people from the same family (fig 1) who were invited and agreed to participate. We excluded the proband and tried to avoid ascertainment bias by including in the study all family members who were alive in four generations. Although the diagnosis of progressive diaphyseal dysplasia had not been previously recorded in any of them, some family members had assigned to themselves the status of affected or unaffected. This was often discordant with the clinical and radiological data. It is also likely that people with bone complaints were more eager to consent to …