jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Induction of Escherichia coli $oh^8$Gua Endonuclease by Some Chemicals in the Wild Type and mutM Mutant Strains

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effects of nalidixic acid, mitomycin C, and cadmium chloride on the activity of 8-hydroxyguanine endonuclease, a DNA repair enzyme for oxidatively modified guanine, were studied. Nalidixic acid and mitomycin C, typical inducers of the S0S DNA repair response in E. coli, showed different effects. Nalidixic acid raised the activity of this enzyme, but mitomycin C did not show such an effect. Cadmium chloride also induced the enzyme activity, These results show that the expression of Gua endonuclease is regulated by multiple factors and can be induced under stressful conditions. In an attempt to demonstrate the importance of this enzyme in defense against DNA damage and mutagenesis, we also characterized mutM mutant for its oh8 Gua endonuclease activity. The mutM mutant showed no detectable Gua endonuclease activity, unlike its wild type showing high activity. In addition, paraquat, a superoxide producing compound, failed to elevate endonuclease activity in this mutant. These results suggest that the mutM gene is identical to the endonuclease gene of E. coli. Taken together with previous reports, these results suggest that endonuclease plays a crucial role in the protection of aerobically growing organisms from threats of oxidative DNA damage and mutation.
Elemental Properties of Pyrite

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In order to establish a basic information for various trials concerned with utilization of pyrite, the elemental properties of this mineral are reviewed.In an initial chapter, general characteristics of pyrites are outlined. Subsequently, the results of studies having been carried out hitherto, by many investigators, are summarized with respect to the following subjects in relation to the imperfection of the crystals.1) Chemical composition, 2) Minor elements, 3) Crystallographic property (Lattice constant), 4) Electrical property, 5) Optical property, and6) Oxidation property.
First Principles Molecular Dynamics Studies of Liquid and Solid Sodium

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the outstanding problems in materials science is the lack of a fundamental theory of melting and freezing. Such a theory would be extremely useful in the search for new materials. For example, the high-temperature properties of alloys almost always limit the efficiency that can be achieved in an engine or power plant. Also the mechanical strength of materials is often determined by the distribution of impurities, which in turn is a result of the cooling (or annealing) that occurs during pro cessing. To address these problems we have used the technique of molecular dynamics simulation in which 50 to 100 atoms are followed on the computer as they move. From these simulations it is possible to calculate the important thermal properties such as the rate of dif fusion, the internal energy, the free energy, and the volume of the material above and below the melting temperature. These calculations make use of a new theory that combines molecular dynamics simulation with calculations of the electron states and therefore re quires no adjustable parameters as inputs.
Integrated Control of Colorado Potato Beetle and Potato Virus Y Using Mineral Oil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) (CPB) and Potato Virus Y (PVY) are two of the most damaging pests attacking potato crops. CPB can cause significant defoliation to potato fields and is difficult to control using insecticides because its populations rapidly develop insecticide resistance. PVY, which is transmitted non-persistently by aphids, can result in yield loss and rejection of seed potato lots. Due to its rapid mode of transmission, insecticides are often ineffective at curtailing the spread of the virus. Thus, an integrated pest management (IPM) approach is essential for both CPB and PVY control.\nMineral oil is a product used to reduce PVY transmission in potato fields. However, there is little information available about other effects that oil may have on insect pests of potato. To better understand how mineral oil affects potato pests, we performed a series of experiments testing the effects of oil on mortality, behavior, and development of aphids and Colorado potato beetles. Oil was harmful to aphids, acting as a contact insecticide, causing high levels of residual mortality to nymphs, and inducing avoidance of oil-treated foliage. Colorado potato beetles were also negatively affected by oil. Additionally, oil acted synergistically with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana; CPB larvae were killed more rapidly when sprayed with both products compared to when sprayed with B. bassiana alone. Based on these results, mineral oil has potential for expanded use in potato IPM programs.\nThe epidemiology of PVY is complex and poorly understood. We constructed a spatially-explicit, agent-based simulation model to improve understanding of the factors affecting PVY spread. According to the results of the model, initial inoculum and vector transmission efficiency are both important. The model also showed that aphids that do not colonize potato spread PVY more effectively than potato-colonizing aphids. Field size did not affect PVY spread. The results emphasize the importance of both planting clean seed to keep virus levels low as well as treating fields with mineral oil to effectively reduce transmission efficiency of aphid vectors. In addition, control should focus on reducing spread by non-colonizing aphids rather than on attempting to eliminate colonizing aphid populations.
Heterogeneous assembly for plutonium multi recycling in PWRs: the Corail concept

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The CORAIL assembly is a standard 17 x 17 PWR fuel assembly containing 180 UO{sub 2} rods and 84 MOX rods located at the periphery to limit the hot-channel factor. After many recycling, the plutonium content stabilizes around 8% and the U{sup 235} enrichment around 4.8% (for a 3 u 15000 MWd/t fuel cycle length). An all-CORAIL park would have a zero plutonium mass balance, and compared with an all-UO{sub 2} park the gain in terms of Separating Work Units and natural uranium would be between 15% and 20%. Detailed calculations of a 1300 MWe PWR loaded with such assemblies show that its control would not require the use of enriched boron. Burnable poison is necessary to limit the hot-channel factor. (author)
Work outcomes of breast cancer survivors who returned to work after treatment: CANTO cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background As survival rates among breast cancer patients improve there is an increasing need to address breast cancer survivors’ (BCS) issues, professional life being a key aspect. Return to work (RTW) of BCS has been largely studied, but studies on job maintenance and its determinants are scarce. We aim to study job maintenance after RTW and the associated factors among BCS. Methods We used data from the CANTO cohort, a French prospective cohort of BCS. We included 1643 BCS aged &lt;57 at diagnosis (dx) who returned to work two years after dx. We excluded self-employed BCS. Using multinomial logistic models, we assessed the association between activity status one year after they return to work. (i.e. active, sick leave, or unemployed, retired or invalidity) and sociodemographic, clinical, health status and work-related factors. Results Overall, 87% of BCS were active, 10% were on sick leave and 3% were on unemployment, retirement or invalidity one year after they return to work. In the fully adjusted model being on sick leave was associated with stage III at dx (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.11-3.22), being severely fatigued at the moment of returning to work (OR: 1.53, 1.04-2.27), and having workplace accommodations (OR: 1.79, 1.14-2.81). The unemployed, retired, invalidity status was negatively associated with professional life being more than or as important as one’s personal life (OR: 0.51, 0.26-0.98) and being &lt;50 years old (OR: 0.51, 0.27-0.96), and positively associated with having a fixed-term contract (OR: 2.69, 1.39-5.18) and working for a small company (OR: 2.73, 1.24-6.02). Conclusions A non-negligible proportion of BCS are non-active one year after they return to work. While clinical factors are associated with sick leave, work related factors are associated with the unemployed, retired, and invalidity status. RTW should not be regarded as the ultimate goal and future policies should focus on ensuring people are ready to return to work and maintain their jobs. Key messages • A non-negligible proportion of breast cancer survivors are non-active one year after they return to work. • Future policies should ensure job maintenance along with return to work.
The Global E-waste Monitor 2014: Quantities, flows and resources

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This monitor aims to present the first comprehensive assessment of e-waste volumes, their corresponding impacts and management status on a global scale. This is measured using an internationally-adopted measuring framework that has been developed by the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development (BaldÃ© et al., 2015). The methodology calculates the amount of e-waste generated from harmonised modelling steps and data sources. The outcomes Show an unprecedented level of accuracy and harmonisation across countries and are very useful for international benchmarking. It is estimated that the total amount e-waste generated in 2014 was 41.8 million metric tonnes (Mt). It is forecasted to increase to 50 Mt of e-waste in 2018.
Pulmonary Artery Catheter Seemingly Entrapped in the Skull

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A pulmonary artery catheter is an important tool for the monitoring of hemodynamics in patients. Unfortunately, misplacement of a catheter tip may occur in the vasculature local to the intended placement. Misplacement of the catheter can be further complicated by entrapment at the unintended destination. We present a case of a misplaced and entrapped pulmonary artery catheter in a patient with worsening pulmonary disease. After multiple unsuccessful attempts to float the catheter, it was partially retracted and found to be stuck. Imaging showed the tip terminating in the right internal jugular vein at the level of the jugular foramen. It was initially suspected that the catheter had become looped, knotted, or otherwise entangled within the vasculature of the skull and surgical removal would be necessary. Before surgical removal was performed, it was instead determined that the catheter had become kinked and entrapped at the end of the introducer sheath, and noninvasive removal was accomplished by first removing the introducer sheath.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris Materi Narratif Text melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Siswa Kelas VIII.A SMP Negeri 6 Mataram

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The objectives of this study were: 1) To find out that the PBL learning model can improve English learning outcomes Narrative Text Material for class VIII.A SMP Negeri 6 Mataram in the academic year 2022/2023; 2) To find out the PBL learning model can improve English learning outcomes Narrative Text Material for class VIII.A SMP Negeri 6 Mataram for the 2022/2023 academic year. The subjects of this study were 39 class VIII.A students of SMP Negeri 6 Mataram, consisting of 22 female students and 17 male students. The stages of this research include: (1) planning, (2) implementing actions, (3) observing, and (4) reflecting in each cycle. The results of the research show that the success of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model can be seen in the pre-cycle conditions, students who complete learning are 27 students (69.23%) of 39 students, with an average score of 80.77. After the learning improvements were implemented in cycle I, the number of students who completed their studies became 30 students (76.92%) with an average score of 83.82. In cycle II, it is known that all 39 students (100%) have successfully completed their studies, with an average score of 90.44. Based on these results, it is said that learning English with the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model can improve the mastery of learning outcomes according to what is planned for class VIII.A students of SMP Negeri 6 Mataram.
Conflict Management in Northern Ireland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter analyses the different policies employed by the British government to manage the conflict in Northern Ireland over a thirty-year period. It also analyses nature of the conflict and its conflicting interpretations, the most significant British policies and assesses their efficiency: conflict-management approaches aimed at containment and at resolving the conflict. The explanations of the Northern Ireland conflict vary widely between and within the two principal communities in Northern Ireland. Internal explanations, in contrast, see the roots of the conflict in a variety of factors within Northern Ireland itself by focusing on the implications of economic, religious and/or cultural conditions in the province. The government's approach to security issues was subsequently vindicated, when the initially favourable situation for the implementation of the Sunningdale Agreement began to change dramatically early in 1974. The failure of Sunningdale meant the reintroduction of direct rule, an outcome that many in the Unionist community preferred to power sharing.
Enhancing Germination Efficiency of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus spp.) Seeds under Varied Climatic Conditions in East Nimar, Madhya Pradesh, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The current study sought to identify optimal pre-treatment approaches for increasing seed germination percentage and vigor. Regardless of the therapies. The experiment was set up in randomized block design (RBD), with three replications. The nursery experiment was carried out in 2024 at the School of Agriculture Science, Dr. C.V. Raman University in Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh. Dragon fruit seeds from seven treatments were pretreated with various pretreatments, viz. T1 Darkness + water soaking 12 hours; T2 Darkness + water soaking 24 hours; T3 Continuous light (24 hours) + water soaking 12 hours. T4 Continuous light (24h) + water soaking for 24 hours, T5 Alternating light (12h light/12h dark) + water soaking for 12 hours T6 alternating light (12h light/12h dark) + water soaking for 24 hours, T7 Control (without pretreatment) to examine the impacts on germination %, germination value, mean germination time, and seedling vigour index. Seeds pre-treated with T-6 Alternating light (12h light/12h dark) + water soaking 24 hours had the highest average germination percentage (94.66%), while control had the lowest germination percentage (78.66%) when compared to other pre-treatments among all treatments, and the highest average mean germination value (9.57), while T7 Control had the lowest mean germination value (6.71). Seeds were pre-treated with T7 control recorded average highest mean germination time 21.21 days, while T6 Alternating light (12h light/12h dark) + water soaking 24 hours showed lowest mean germination time as compared to other pre-treatments among all treatments, When compared to other pre-treatments, T7 control had the lowest mean seedling vigor index (694.09) across all treatments.
THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF HIBERNOMA AS COMPARED WITH THAT OF LIPOMA AND OF MOUSE BROWN FAT.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary The lipid composition of 2 hibernomas was compared with that of 4 ordinary lipomas and of mouse brown fat. The concentrations of cholesterol and phospholipids, as compared to total fat, were higher in the hibernomas and the brown fat than in the lipomas. The phospholipid composition of the hibernomas, 2 of the lipomas, and the brown fat was determined using thin-layer chromatography; it was found that whenever the brown far differed from the lipomas—with an increase or a decrease—the hibernomas did so too. The results are in agreement with the opinion that hibernoma arises from brown fat.
Magnetoconductivity in doped poly(p-phenylenevinylene)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Magnetoconductivity in highly doped (with and ) poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) has been studied. Oriented samples with different stretching ratios were measured. A room-temperature conductivity of is achieved in highly oriented PPV, depending on the dopant. is metallic and has a strong positive magnetoconductance while is insulating and its magnetoconductance predominantly negative and large. In the magnetoconductance is analysed with the localization-interaction model for disordered metals. The positive magnetoconductance of highly oriented is due to weak localization. Its size, temperature dependence and anisotropy is discussed. With a lower stretching ratio we find negative magnetoconductance.
The formation of quasi-crystalline structures in a dislocation cluster

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The formation of inhomogeneous dislocation structures is investigated within a model taking into account correlation interaction between screw dislocations. This interaction is found to give rise to an instability of the homogeneous state of the system. It is shown that when the critical nonequilibrium conditions for this instability are attained in a local volume, an inhomogeneous dislocation structure is formed spontaneously. As the degree of instability of the system increases further, this structure is transformed into a cellular quasi-crystalline structure.
An investigation into the use of a structured clinical operative test for the assessment of a clinical skill

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: This study was designed to investigate the level of agreement between a group of assessors observing students undertaking a structured clinical operative test. Method: 3 assessors agreed a series of criteria to assess the performance of undergraduate students in the recording of a dental impression. Guidelines for assessing whether the students adequately performed in relation to each criteria were also agreed. Following preliminary validation between the assessors, 2 assessors independently scored the performance of each student by reference to the agreed criteria, and the levels of agreement between assessors were compared. The 3 assessors worked in pairs with each other on three groups of students who were in the early stages of their clinical course. Results: A total of 39 clinical dental students were assessed in the recording of a dental impression. The 3 pairs of assessors had satisfactory levels of agreement in the study with similar judgements being made on 90% or more of the 12 criteria assessed. Some differences existed between the pairs of assessors. Certain criteria were more easily judged than others and this was reflected in the level of agreement seen. For over 90% of the criteria, positive assessments were made by each of the 3 assessors, and although there were minor variations between the pairs of assessors, this may have reflected the ability of the groups of students studied. Conclusion: The study showed that different assessors were generally able to make agreed judgements on performance criteria in a structured clinical operative test. In setting up performance assessment it is necessary to have close collaboration between assessors to make clearly defined criteria so that judgements are not too subjective. Furthermore, for the assessment of more complex clinical skills, great care is needed in assembling criteria that can be used reproducibly, and sufficient preparation time for the assessors is critical.
Differential Geometry Decoupling Control on Dual Cylinder Electro-Hyduraulic Servo System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Based on the conception of relative-degree of differential geometry theory on nonlinear system, nonlinear disturbance decoupling control on travelling crane electro-hydraulic servo system with dual cylinder was studied. Through define relative-degree of disturbance vectors on the nonlinear system, the sufficient condition of system disturbance decoupling was provided. Then a differential geometry decoupling control approach was presented. The actual application results show that the proposed controller has better tracking and synchronization performance than conventional PID controller.
Empirical Study of Social Features' Roles in Buyers' Complex Decision Making

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims at studying the roles of social features (as obtained from social networking sources) in buyers' decision process when they are searching for products to buy. Through close observation of users' objective behavior, we have discovered the importance of different types of social features in supporting users to achieve a confident decision at the end. Improving suggestions are further derived on how to better present the social information and combine them with static product attributes to enhance current online decision supports.
Effectiveness of school-based health education intervention on knowledge, attitude and practices in pediculosis capitis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Pediculosis capitis can be found in any age and race although school-age children are the groups that are mostly at risk. The \nobjective of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of the health educational module based on KAP \nModel on the level of knowledge, attitude and practices on Pediculosis capitis among school children in Selangor. A cluster \nrandomised controlled trial was conducted among students aged 10-11 years. Using simple random sampling, 10 schools were \nselected. At baseline, a validated questionnaire was given to assess their KAP level and screening for Pediculosis capitis was \ndone. Then the schools were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received approximately 3 \nhours of concise educational module whereas the control group only received a 30-minutes health talk on the knowledge \ncomponent of the module. All the students were prescribed with pediculicides for application at home. After two-weeks, the postintervention assessment was conducted using the same questionnaires. The students were re-examined for evidence of \nPediculosis capitis after treatment. A total of 4,344 students were examined and 318 students were found to be infested with \nPediculosis capitis. The overall prevalence was 7.32 %. In the intervention group, only the attitude showed significant increase \nat 2-weeks post-intervention as compared to baseline (χ2 = 4.878, df =1, p = 0.027). Both knowledge and practice did not show \nsignificant increase of good knowledge and practice level at 2-weeks post-intervention as compared to baseline. In the control \ngroup, none of the variable showed significant increase at 2-weeks postintervention as compared to baseline. Generalized \nEstimating Equations (GEE) was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the educational intervention module in increasing \nthe respondents’ KAP on Pediculosis capitis. GEE showed significant association of knowledge level and time point with group. \nThe odds of having good knowledge in the intervention group is 1.7 times higher as compared to the control group (AOR = \n1.748, 95% CI:1.006 – 3.035, p = 0.048). The odds of having good knowledge at 2-weeks postintervention was 1.1% higher as \ncompared to baseline after adjusting for trial covariates (AOR =0 .011, 95% CI:0.006 – 0.019, p<0.001).