jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dermatologist-Level Classification of Skin Cancer Using Cascaded Ensembling of Convolutional Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Skin cancer is a typical frequent malignancy that is typically identified visually after an initial screening, dermoscopic analysis, a biopsy, and histological investigation. Using photographs to automatically classify skin lesions is a difficult task, but convolutional neural networks (CNN) have the capacity to perform a wide range of broad and highly variable tasks across many fine-grained object categories. Malignant melanoma, often known as melanoma, is the deadliest type of skin cancer and is to blame for 75 percentage of skin cancer-related deaths while being the least frequent type. Deep learning methods were employed by the suggested system to recognize melanoma. The proposed approach, which makes use of clinical photos, could help a dermatologist identify this sort of skin cancer early on. Here, the input photos undergo pre-processing to lessen any lighting and noise artefacts that may be present. The pre-trained CNN then uses the improved images to identify which is malignant and which is benign .
Epidemiology of urinary schistosomiasis and risk factors for infection in Osun State, Nigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Urinary schistosomiasis has remained unabated in many resource-poor communities in Nigeria. The objective of the present study was to describe the epidemiological situation of the disease, and to provide data for the elaboration of sustainable control measures. Methods: We conducted [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
Accuracy and privacy aspects in free online reverse geocoding services

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reverse geocoding is defined as the extraction of textual information, such as a name or an address, from geographic coordinates. This technique is common in many geo-application scenarios, e.g., in freely available online-based mapping services. However, if personal data are mapped, confidentiality issues may arise, such as if the data are derived from a crime-incidents database. This research provides an evaluation of seven freely available Web mapping services in regard to reverse geocoding accuracy and privacy aspects. The services' textual accuracy is measured using crime data from Vienna, Austria. The accuracy associated with reverse geocoding is derived for districts with different residential densities to determine whether any error variation is associated with the underlying residential structure. Furthermore, this research investigates the reidentification risk when compromising personal information. Using a free online telephone database and addresses in a crime-incidents dataset, the probable names that are linked to crime victims are identified. The results showed that the accuracy ranges from 0% to 23% depending on the predefined precision level. Comparing seven online reverse geocoding services (TravelGIS, Google Maps, nominatim, ArcGIS, Yahoo, Bing, and Geonames), TravelGIS performs better at the highest precision level, whereas Geonames performs better at a lower precision level. However, the results showed no difference among the districts with different residential densities. As for the reidentification risk, 68% probable victims were identified from the database. This work discusses the specific tasks that users have to complete when retrieving addresses associated with crime-incident locations. The article concludes with an evaluation of the reverse geocoding process and a discussion of the privacy risk associated with it.
ISSUE CANADA'S ARCTIC WATERWAYS: FUTURE SHIPPING CROSSROADS?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the foreseeable future, diminishing sea ice in the Canadian Arctic could inspire the world shipping community to seek expanded access to the nation’s northern waterways for conveying international cargo. It could also enable the increased exploitation and exportation of northern resources by Canada’s mineral and oil industries. Given the potential economic imperatives, it might prove difficult for Canada to deny such use of these waterways, however it should be possible to apply effective measures for regulating the increased vessel traffic while ensuring the safety of navigation and the protection of the environment.
Chemical Model Evaluation on Quality of Different Geographical Ural Licorice of Gansu

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the quality of Gansu different origin Ural licorice,to explore suitable planting areas.Methods HPLC was used to determine glycyrrhizic acid and licorice glycoside,UV method for the determination of total flavonoids and water-soluble extract content,and principal component analysis and cluster analysis for the comprehensive evaluation.Results Because of Gansu ecological conditions,planting technique and other reasons,the quality of Ural licorice was different.Glycyrrhizic acid content ranged from 1.82% to 8.25%,and licorice glycoside from 0.83% to 6.09%.Glycyrrhizic acid of two batches of samples did not meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Conclusion The chemical model evaluation can evaluate the quality,and the results can be used to optimize the suitable planting areas.
Krom formulas with one dyadic predicate letter

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let Kr be the class of all those quantificational formulas whose matrices are conjunctions of binary disjunctions of signed atomic formulas. Decision problems for subclasses of Kr do not invariably coincide with those for the corresponding classes of quantificational formulas with unrestricted matrices; for example, the ∀∃∀ prefix subclass of Kr is solvable, but the full ∀∃∀ class is not ([AaLe],- [KMW]). Moreover, the straightforward encodings of automata which have been used to show the unsolvability of various subclasses of Kr ([Aa], [Bö], [AaLe]) yield but little information about signature subclasses, i.e. subclasses determined by the number and degrees of the predicate letters occurring in a formula. By a new and highly complex construction Theorem 1 establishes the best possible result on classification by signature. Theorem 1. Let C be the class of all formulas in Kr with a single predicate letter, which is dyadic; then C is a reduction class for satisfiability . Thus a signature subclass of Kr is solvable just in case the corresponding class of unrestricted quantificational formulas is solvable, to wit, just in case no predicate letter of degree exceeding one may occur. To obtain a richer classification by signature we consider further restrictions on the matrix. Let Or be the class of formulas in Kr having disjunctive normal forms with only two disjuncts. Theorem 2 sharpens Orevkov's proof of the unsolvability of Or ([Or]; see also [LeGo]). Theorem 2. Let D be the class of formulas in Or with just two predicate letters, both pentadic; then D is a reduction class for satisfiability .
Postprocessing Neuroimaging methods in MRI and PET/MRIwith applications to Multiple Sclerosis and other Neurological diseases

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Many non-invasive imaging instruments have been developed in the last 40 years, allowing to obtain images of the interior human body while the patient is still alive. In the contest of Neurology studies, imaging system as CT, MRI, SPECT or PET allows to obtain biomarkers useful to quantitatively distinguish between healthy and unhealthy subjects, evaluate the staging of a Neurological illness in a patient, evaluate the efficacy of a treatment, explore the causes of the illness.
In this work MRI and PET imaging system introduced from scratch, going from reconstruction from raw data to state-of-the art post-processing techniques and the computation of more popular biomarkers.
After these introduction, three original work using the recent PET/MRI imaging system are presented, with a particular focus on the methods. These three studies involve patients with Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's Disease and Brain Tumor.
Permitted and Forbidden Sets in Symmetric Threshold-Linear Networks

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The richness and complexity of recurrent cortical circuits is an inexhaustible source of inspiration for thinking about high-level biological computation. In past theoretical studies, constraints on the synaptic connection patterns of threshold-linear networks were found that guaranteed bounded network dynamics, convergence to attractive fixed points, and multistability, all fundamental aspects of cortical information processing. However, these conditions were only sufficient, and it remained unclear which were the minimal (necessary) conditions for convergence and multistability. We show that symmetric threshold-linear networks converge to a set of attractive fixed points if and only if the network matrix is copositive. Furthermore, the set of attractive fixed points is nonconnected (the network is multiattractive) if and only if the network matrix is not positive semidefinite. There are permitted sets of neurons that can be coactive at a stable steady state and forbidden sets that cannot. Permitted sets are clustered in the sense that subsets of permitted sets are permitted and supersets of forbidden sets are forbidden. By viewing permitted sets as memories stored in the synaptic connections, we provide a formulation of long-term memory that is more general than the traditional perspective of fixed-point attractor networks. There is a close correspondence between threshold-linear networks and networks defined by the generalized Lotka-Volterra equations.
Effectiveness of Teaching Practice Supervision as Perceived by Student-Teachers in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Teaching practice is central to achieving the goals of teacher education. It provides student-teachers needed experience in real teaching and learning environment. This study examined student-teachers perception of the effectiveness of teaching practice supervision. The quantitative descriptive method was employed to conduct the study. Random sampling technique was employed to sample 150 student-teachers at the 400 level of a university in the metropolis. A researchers-designed questionnaire titled “Student-teachers’ Perception of the Effectiveness of Teaching Practice Supervision Questionnaire (STPETPSQ)” was used for data collection, with descriptive and inferential statistics used for data analysis. Findings revealed that the majority of the student-teachers perceived teaching practice supervision as effective for improving students’ teaching knowledge and skills. There was no significant difference was established in the perception of student-teachers on the basis of departments. It was recommended that teaching practice supervision should be improved upon to assist student-teachers to adopt appropriate and varied teaching methods.
Hatchery-scale trials using cryopreserved spermatozoa of black-lip pearl oyster,Pinctada margaritifera

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cryopreservation is a valuable tool for genetic improvement programs. Several bivalve mollusc species have already been the subject of such programs and the Tahitian black pearl oyster industry is now planning the development of selective breeding for desirable traits in Pinctada margaritifera. The ability to cryopreserve spermatozoa would, therefore, offer significant benefits to the cultured black pearl industry. \nSpermatozoa were cryopreserved with CPA 0.7 M trehalose in 0.8 M Me2SO and a two-step freezing process was used: straws were first maintained in nitrogen vapour for 10 minutes, then directly plunged into liquid nitrogen and stored for one week before use. The viability of thawed sperm was 23 % lower than that of fresh sperm. When using thawed sperm, therefore, a higher sperm/egg ratio of 100 000:1 was required to reach 80 % oocyte fertilization, compared with 100:1 for fresh sperm. Nevertheless, this first demonstration of cryopreserved sperm fertility in black pearl oyster confirms the hatchery applicability of the cryopreservation technique defined here. Monitoring for larval viability during the first 23 days of life revealed no significant differences between the progeny produced with cryopreserved sperm and that produced using fresh sperm.
Effect of Feed Colour on the Growth Performance And Activity of Digestive Enzymes in Rohu <I>(Labeo rohita)</I> Fry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was conducted on the effect of feed colour on growth, feed conversion and certain physiological changes in rohu (Labeo rolita) fry. The fishes (av. wt 2.17 ± 0.07 g) were reared in plastic containers and fed in triplicates with a concentrate mixture containing groundnut cake (35 parts), rice bran (38 parts), soybeanmeal (20 parts), fishmeal (5 parts) and vitamin-mineral mixture (2 parts ) on a rigid schedule for a period of five weeks. All the diets had identical composition and texture except for different colours, viz., orange, yellow, red, magenta and blue, with the natural colour as control. During the course of thc experiment, daily fecd intake and weekly changes in body weight were recorded. The threc major digestive enzymes, viz., protcase, lipase and amylase, were studied in the hepatopancreas of the fish. Results of this experiment indicated higher growth rate with the blue diet vis-a-vis other diets. The enzymatic changes were in close agreement with the observations on growth performance and response to associated nutritional parameters.
EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF HUGE LEIOMYOMA MASQUERADING AS OVARIAN MASS – A CASE REPORT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Fibroids or Leiomyomas are known to arise from uterus and are of varying sizes. The location of broids, size and their features on imaging due to degeneration mimics ovarian mass. These can be differentiated from ovarian mass by their presenting symptoms, imaging features and by histopathological examination, diagnosis is conrmed prior to surgery. Our case Case report: presented with diffuse pain all over the abdomen with distension associated with heavy menstrual bleeding. On ultrasonography huge mass arising from left adnexa mimicking solid ovarian mass was noted. Further evaluation done by PET CT(positron emission tomography-computed tomography) scan and tissue biopsy from the mass which were suggestive of broid probably arising from broad ligament. Intraoperatively mass was arising from lateral wall of uterus from suggestive of pseudo broad ligament broid and hence she underwent abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy. Her postoperative period was uneventful. Conclusion: Pelvic masses locating in adnexal region needs complete evaluation by proper imaging and histopathological conrmation in case of any suspicion, there by preventive extensive surgeries and reducing morbidity among patients.
REFLECTIVE THINKING: BRAZILIAN UNIVERSITY SCOPE IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Appears in: EDULEARN21 Proceedings Publication year: 2021Pages: 10029-10035ISBN: 978-84-09-31267-2ISSN: 2340-1117doi: 10.21125/edulearn.2021.2064Conference name: 13th International Conference on Education and New Learning TechnologiesDates: 5-6 July, 2021Location: Online Conference
Theoretical Studies on Thiophene‐Containing Compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction HOMO–LUMO gap and bandgap calculations Nature of charge carriers Effect of substitutions on different properties Twisting (inter-ring deviation from planarity) in oligo- and polythiophenes IR and Raman spectra UV–Vis spectra Quinoid oligothiophenes Cyclic oligothiophenes New compounds with tailor-made properties Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Taxonomic notes on the snakes of Northern Cyprus, with observations on their morphologies and ecologies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A total of 66 specimens belonging to eleven snake species, some of which were collected during the field studies of 17-31 July and 3-25 September 2003, and some others which have been previously collected and all have been deposited into the collection of ZDEU (Zoology Dept. Ege University), were evaluated taxonomically. 25 of the specimens belonged to Typhlopidae, 37 to Colubridae, three to Viperidae and one to Boidae. These specimens were evaluated from the points of view of pholidosis, pattern and coloration and morphological measurements. Some biological and ecological information were also given with the brief geological history of eastern Mediterranean region.
Different Surgical Techniques on Internal Limiting Membrane For The Treatment of Idiopathic Macular Hole

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Idiopathic macular hole is a vitreomacular interface disease and an anatomical and functional retinal pathology. Different treatment alternatives on the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in patients with an idiopathic macular hole (MH) result in a high MH closure rate and improvement in visual function. ILM is very transparent and thin, but the usage of new dyes and the development of microincision surgery improve both closure rate and visual recovery.
Unconventional approaches to mortality estimation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most developing countries do not have complete registration of deaths on which to base mortality estimates. Four broad categories of unconventional methods have been developed to provide mortality estimates in such settings. The first consists of approaches for evaluation adjustment of incompletely recorded deaths by comparison with recorded age distributions. The second consists of alternative data collection methodologies collecting information about deaths by age. The third consists of approaches based on asking respondents about the survival or otherwise of close relatives. The fourth estimates mortality from changes in age distributions, interpreting cohort attrition as mortality. Methods in the first two categories offer the greatest potential for contributing information on developing country mortality to the Human Mortality Database. Methods in the first category are illustrated here by application to data from the Republic of Korea for the second half of the 20th century. In populations with good age reporting and little net migration, these methods work well and offer the opportunity to include developing country data in the HMD. © 2005 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft.
Transrectal ultrasonography and cervical neoplasia. A preliminary report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transrectal ultrasonography is a new diagnostic method recently introduced in the study of normal and pathologic pelvis. The Authors describe their preliminary experience with the use of a rectal linear probe in the evaluation of the carcinoma of the cervix. This ultrasonographic method has resulted very useful in providing an imaging of cervical cancer in evaluating its effective diffusion and in precising demeasurements of the neoplastic mass. The results are particularly encouraging and justify continued experimentation.
Nutrient Dynamics of Soil Derived from Different Parent Material on Barro Colorado Island, Panama1

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract I compared the concentrations of N, P, and S in both litter and mineral soil (0–15 cm depth) from three old-growth, tropical moist forests on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. Each site was on a different substrate (i.e., parent material), but otherwise had similar climate, vegetation, and topography. There were no site differences in concentrations of N and S for either litter or soil. Concentrations of litter P and soil-extractable P were greater for the andesite (igneous rock) site than for two sites on different sedimentary rocks; however, concentrations of several other litter and soil P fractions did not differ among sites. Patterns in soil P fractions suggested advanced soil development to the point that parent material has little control of P dynamics. Litter samples from each site, leached in the laboratory, released similar amounts of N, P, and S to the soil, indicating no differences in rates of turnover in the litter and in fluxes from litter into the mineral soil among sites. I expected more site differences in soil nutrient dynamics given vastly different parent materials and soil types (i.e., Oxisol vs. Alfisol) and very shallow soil on BCI that brings the parent material close to the plant root zone. Erosion and soil mixing may explain the uniformity in soil nutrient dynamics across the sites.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE FOLLOWING ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PREVIOUS MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

再梗塞に合併する心不全の特徴を検討するために,発症後24時間以内に入院した急性心筋梗塞216例(初回梗塞149例,再梗塞67例,平均年令61.5才)を対象に初回梗塞,再梗塞別に心不全の合併頻度,治療に対する反応,急性期予後を解析した.その結果, (1)初回梗塞149例中Killip I群は109例(73.1%), II群24例(16.1%), III群11例(7.4%), IV群5例(3.4%)であり,心不全合併例(II, III, IV群)は26.9%であつた.一方,再梗塞67例中Killip I群32例(47.7%), II群14例(20.9%), III群17例(25.4%), IV群4例(6.0%)で心不全合併例は52.3%であつた. (2)心不全を規定する因子としては初回梗塞では梗塞量,再梗塞では梗塞部位が重要であることが示唆された. (3)初回梗塞に合併する心不全は再梗塞のそれに比し,薬物療法に対する反応も悪く,大動脈内バルーンパソピング法(IABP)を必要とする率も高く難治性であつた. (4)初回梗塞に合併する心不全例の急性期死亡率は45.0%であり,再梗塞より高率で(20.0%)予後不良であつた.
Holocaust Deception in Australia: A review

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Is Holocaust deception an event sui generis, or merely another incarnation of deception, a universal phenomenon that assumes multiple guises depending on the social environment?The worst aspect of Holocaust deception, one that puts it on a scale sliding towards Holocaust denial, is that it devalues the experience of the victims and survivors.It raises a special question as a corollary: why would anyone want to claim or exaggerate Holocaust experiences that never occurred?The Holocaust is an event of such magnitude that the establishment of a finite truth for those involved will always be problematic.While not in the same category as the cases listed above, there is deception displayed by some leading figures involved in portraying the Holocaust.In conclusion, Holocaust deception is the most visible aspect of a growing phenomenon, namely seeking heroic status by claiming involvement in traumatic events.One certainty is that, in the age of social media and the internet, such behaviour will continue to flourish.This paper reviews cases seen in Australia, with additional cases from elsewhere -eg., USA -that illustrate the theme of Holocaust deception.Other cases that illustrate the difficulty in establishing finite truth in an event like the Holocaust are listed in the Discussion with several examples to indicate how widespread the phenomenon is of deceptively claiming heroism from involvement with traumatic events.