jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Acute Cauda Equina Syndrome Following Spinal Anesthesia During Cesarean Section: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This case report aims to discuss the prompt recognition and the possible mechanism of acute cauda equina syndrome (CES) following intrathecal bupivacaine administration for cesarean section. A 30-year-old primigravida developed sudden-onset bilateral lower-extremity weakness, numbness, and paresthesia, along with urinary and bowel incontinence, after an uncomplicated cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed engorgement and gadolinium enhancement of the cauda equina nerve roots, consistent with a diagnosis of CES. The patient was immediately started on high-dose intravenous steroids and intrathecal triamcinolone, followed by intensive inpatient rehabilitation. However, despite maximal medical treatment, the patient exhibited only minimal improvement, with persistent neurological deficits and dysfunction. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for CES following intrathecal bupivacaine administration and the need for prompt recognition and multidisciplinary management to optimize maternal outcomes. Understanding the potential mechanisms underlying bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity, including direct nerve toxicity, vascular changes, and synergistic effects, may guide the development of targeted therapeutic strategies to mitigate this devastating complication. Early spinal imaging, high-dose steroid therapy, and a collaborative approach involving obstetrics, anesthesiology, neurology, and rehabilitation services are crucial for the successful management of acute CES.
Radial vs femoral access for the prevention of acute kidney injury (AKI) after coronary angiography or intervention: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives We sought to investigate the impact of radial vs femoral access on the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) after coronary angiography or intervention. Background There is a growing recognition of the importance of access site selection as an adjudicative measure to mitigate the risk of renal impairment for patients with coronary artery disease undergoing angiography with or without percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature and meta‐analyzed available evidence comparing the rates of AKI with radial vs femoral access in patients undergoing coronary angiography or intervention. Studies reporting the incidence of AKI as a primary or secondary outcome were pooled in fixed‐ and random‐effects meta‐analyses and meta‐regression techniques were used to account for across‐study heterogeneity. Results Across data pooled from nine studies ( n = 32 181), radial access was significantly associated with a reduction in the incidence of AKI (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.66, P < 0.0001 with fixed‐effects model, OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.67, P < 0.0001 with random‐effects model) as compared to femoral. In the meta‐regression model, the effect size of radial access effect was related to the number of centers in which studies were conducted. Conclusions Compared with the femoral approach, radial access was associated with a lower incidence of AKI after coronary angiography or intervention, although this benefit was less pronounced in multicenter than in single‐center studies.
Distributed fiber optic sensing along driven ductile piles: Design, sensor installation and monitoring benefits

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Efficient and economic foundations are essential to ensure the long-term integrity of structures. Driven ductile piles offer a safe and quick solution for foundations, which can be individually customized to changing soil conditions. Geotechnical load tests on a small subset of piles can be performed at large construction sites to examine the bearing capacity for optimization purposes. Arising deformations during these statical tests are usually measured using electrical sensors at the top, which, however, do not deliver information about the stress distribution along the pile. This paper presents a fiber optic monitoring approach, which provides distributed strain profiles with a spatial resolution of up to 10 mm along driven ductile piles. The high measurement resolution of about $$1~{\mu}m/m$$ 1 μ m / m enables the detection of local effects in the load transfer from the pile to the surrounding grout and soil. The critical sensor installation on-site as well as results of various field applications with pile lengths of up to 25 m are presented. Verification measurements at the pile’s head and internal measurements of strain gauges prove the suitability of the developed monitoring approach and demonstrate the high potential of distributed fiber optic sensing for applications in soil mechanics.
Effects of tetraethylammonium chloride on sympathetic neuromuscular transmission in saphenous artery of young rabbits.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. Excitatory junction potentials and electrotonic potentials were recorded from the smooth muscle of the rabbit saphenous artery using intracellular electrodes. 2. Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) in concentrations greater than 3.5 mM caused depolarization. Concentrations greater than 5 mM caused spontaneous electrical activity in the form of excitatory junction potentials (e.j.p.s) and all‐or‐nothing action potentials which were associated with spontaneous mechanical activity. 3. Concentrations of TEA less than 2.5 mM did not alter the resting potential nor the passive membrane properties of the smooth muscle over a range of +/‐ 15 mV. 4. The following effects were observed in 2.0 mM‐TEA. (a) The minimum stimulus strength required for the initiation of an e.j.p. fell by three to fivefold. (b) Single stimuli that elicited only a small e.j.p. in normal solution evoked an all‐or‐nothing action potential of up to 70 mV amplitude. (c) Whereas in normal solution e.j.p.s could only be recorded up to 7 mm away from the perivascular stimulating electrode e.j.p.s could be recorded at distances of up to 13 mm. (d) The duration of the e.j.p. was prolonged. 5. Based on these results and the effects of TEA reported for other synapses it is proposed that TEA may act to increase the amount of transmitter released per axon, to increase the duration of release and to cause an increased invasion throughout the autonomic ground plexus by nerve impulses. This would imply that in normal solution, in vitro, the action potential may not propagate throughout the whole length of the terminal axon and its many branches due to failure of conduction at one or more points along the terminal portion of the axon.
The chlamydial EUO gene encodes a histone H1-specific protease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen, long recognized as an agent of blinding eye disease and more recently as a common sexually transmitted infection. Recently, two eukaryotic histone H1-like proteins, designated Hc1 and Hc2, have been identified in Chlamydia. Expression of Hc1 in recombinant Escherichia coli produces chromatin condensation similar to nucleoid condensation observed late in the parasite's own life cycle. In contrast, chromatin decondensation, observed during the early life cycle, accompanies down-regulation and nondetection of Hc1 and Hc2 among internalized organisms. We reasoned that the early upstream open reading frame (EUO) gene product might play a role in Hc1 degradation and nucleoid decondensation since it is expressed very early in the chlamydial life cycle. To explore this possibility, we fused the EUO coding region between amino acids 4 and 177 from C. trachomatis serovar Lz with glutathione S-transferase (GST) and examined the effects of fusion protein on Hc1 in vitro. The purified fusion protein was able to digest Hc1 completely within 1 h at 37 degrees C. However, GST alone exhibited no Hc1-specific proteolytic activity. The chlamydial EUO-GST gene product also cleaves very-lysine-rich calf thymus histone H1 and chicken erythrocyte histone H5 but displays no measurable activity towards core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 or chlamydial RNA polymerase alpha-subunit. This proteolytic activity appears sensitive to the serine protease inhibitor 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF) and aspartic protease inhibitor pepstatin but resistant to high temperature and other broad-spectrum protease inhibitors. The proteolytic activity specified by the EUO-GST fusion product selectively digested the C-terminal portion of chlamydial Hc1, the domain involved in DNA binding, while leaving the N terminus intact. At a molar equivalent ratio of 1:1 between Hc1 and DNA, the EUO gene product cleaves Hc1 complexed to DNA and this cleavage appears sufficient to initiate dissociation of DNA-Hc1 complexes. However, at a higher molar equivalent ratio of Hc1/DNA (10:1), there is partial protection conferred upon Hc1 to an extent that prevents dissociation of DNA-Hc1 complexes.
Sosialisasi Sadar Wisata Untuk Saswa-Siswi SMK Al-Azhar Batam

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sapta Pesona began to be used and campaigned as a condition that must be realized in every tourist destination as well as natural, cultural, man-made and speciаl interests. Sаptа Pesonа is expected to creаte а comfortаble visitsto creаte а good impression for every tourist who comes. One of the destinаtion thаt is closely relаted to the community is а tourist villаge. In the tourist villаge, the аpplicаtion of the concept of tourism аwаreness аnd Sаptа Pesonа becomes аn importаnt thing in the bаse of its development to be аble to encourаge public аwаreness аs а good host. In аddition, the аpplicаtion of Sаptа Pesonа will аttrаct tourists to visit the plаce so it will rаise the community’s postion аs the recipient of mаximum beneficiаries from the effort.
Successful School Principals in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Schools: A Grounded Theory Research from Turkish Context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to delve into the characteristics, professional competencies, leadership attitudes, and behaviors of successful school principals (SSPs) in socioeconomically disadvantaged schools. Utilizing a systematic grounded theory method (SGTM), we conducted research in the provinces of Amasya, Çorum, Samsun, and Tokat in Türkiye. Purposeful and theoretical sampling methods were employed to recruit successful school principals, deputy principals, teachers, students, and parents from secondary schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education (MoNE). The data draws on unstructured individual and focus group interviews, as well as documents and observations. All the data obtained were inductively analyzed through open, axis, and selective coding stages. Based on the codes, sub-categories, categories, themes, and dimensions from the analyses, we designed the Contextual Successful School Principalship Model (CSSPM), which falls into four dimensions as follows: individual, managerial, organizational, and instructional. SSPs in this study mostly tend to display paternalistic leadership attitudes and behaviors in terms of dedication and self-sacrifice, serving, intrinsic motivation, and influencing stakeholders. They exhibit almost all the attitudes and behaviors of servant leadership, act according to some national and moral values, and experience national attitudes such as patriotism and nationalism intensely. By giving importance to the academic socialization of students' mothers, successful school principals exhibit transformational and instructional leadership behaviors. They act strategically to directly involve mothers in enhancing student achievement, demonstrating their commitment to fostering an inclusive and supportive educational environment.
Real-world effectiveness and treatment retention of secukinumab in patients with psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis: a descriptive observational analysis of the spanish BIOBADASER registry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rheumatic diseases are extensively managed with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), but a notable proportion of patients withdraw in the long term because of lack of effectiveness, adverse events, or the patient's decision. The present real-world analysis showed the effectiveness, retention, and safety data collected in the Spanish BIOBADASER registry for patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axSpA) treated with secukinumab, a human antibody against interleukin-17A (IL-17A), for more than 12 months. Six hundred and thirty-nine patients were analysed (350, 262, and 27 PsA, AS, and nr-axSpA patients, respectively). The results showed an improvement in the disease activity after 1 year of treatment, in terms of decreases of the mean Disease Activity Score 28 using C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), the mean Disease Activity Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) score, swollen joint counts (SJC), and tender joint counts (TJC) in PsA patients and decreases in the mean Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the mean Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) in axSpA patients. This improvement was maintained or increased after 2 and 3 years of treatment, indicating that secukinumab is effective in both naïve and non-responder patients. Retention rates were higher when secukinumab was used as the first-line biological treatment, although they were also adequate in the second and third lines of treatment. Collected safety data were consistent with previous reports.
Influence of Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) on Rhizosphere Chemistry in Long-term Contaminated Soils

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A detailed understanding and appreciation of the important mechanisms operating at the soil:root interface, commonly identified as the rhizosphere, is critical for evaluating the potential for particular plant species to be successfully used as part of a phytoremediation technique. For specific plants, mechanisms may exist to overcome the inherit limitation of the phytoremediation technique when poorly mobile soil metals are of interest. In the present study, the influence of root exudates on the rhizosphere chemistry of soil and consequential metal uptake were investigated following culture of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides), recognized as a promising plant for land stabilization, in three different long-term contaminated soils and one non-contaminated control soil. The soil solution pH increased (0.3-1.1 units) following vetiver grass culture and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) also significantly increased in all soils with the highest increase in PP02 (23 to 173 mg L-1). Chemical changes are contributed to root exudation by vetiver grass when exposed to high concentration of heavy metals. Chemical changes, consequently, influenced metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) solubility and speciation in the rhizosphere. The highest solubility was observed for soil Ko01 (eg. 2091 and 318 μg L-1 for Cd and Pb, respectively). Initial heavy metal solubility in soils varied with soil and either increased or decreased following vetiver grass culture depending on the soil type. An increase in pH following plant culture generally resulted in a decrease in metal solubility, while elevated DOC due to root exudation resulted in an increase in metal solubility via the formation of metal-DOC complexes. Donnan speciation demonstrated a significant decrease in free Cd and Zn in the rhizosphere and the concentration of Cd, Pb, and Zn in vetiver grass shoot was highly correlated with soluble concentration rather than total soil metal concentration.
Long‐term obsidian use at the Jerimalai rock shelter in East Timor

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT We report new evidence from East Timor for the long‐term prehistoric use of a single high‐silicate obsidian source. Ten artefacts from Jerimalai shelter in East Timor analysed with SEM/EDXA and LA‐ICPMS demonstrate the exploitation of this source began in the Pleistocene by 42,000 cal. BP, and continued to be used periodically into the mid to late Holocene. The data supports previous results suggesting that a high‐silicate obsidian of unknown location has been transported over considerable distance to rock shelter sites in the east of Timor.
THE ROLE OF DIVIDENDS IN EQUITY MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM SECTORAL-LEVEL ANALYSIS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to identify how dividend payments affect the U.S. equity market at the sectoral level. A conventional stock valuation model predicts a positive response of equity price to higher dividend payment. Higher dividends convey confidence about the firmâ€™s future to the general investors, which is supported by the signaling hypothesis. Using representative exchange traded funds for 11 sectors in the U.S. along with traditional OLS and panel regression analysis, this paper shows that the stock valuation model is generally confirmed. Eight sectors show positive impacts of dividends with statistical significance found in three sectors; Consumer Staples, Utilities, and Real Estate
Dietary Patterns, Gut Microbiota Remodeling, and Cardiometabolic Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, collectively known as cardiometabolic disease (CMD), are high morbidity and mortality pathologies associated with lower quality of life and increasing health-care costs. The influence of the gut microbiota (GM) in dictating the interpersonal variability in CMD susceptibility, progression and treatment response is beginning to be deciphered, as is the mutualistic relation established between the GM and diet. In particular, dietary factors emerge as pivotal determinants shaping the architecture and function of resident microorganisms in the human gut. In turn, intestinal microbes influence the absorption, metabolism, and storage of ingested nutrients, with potentially profound effects on host physiology. Herein, we present an updated overview on major effects of dietary components on the GM, highlighting the beneficial and detrimental consequences of diet–microbiota crosstalk in the setting of CMD. We also discuss the promises and challenges of integrating microbiome data in dietary planning aimed at restraining CMD onset and progression with a more personalized nutritional approach.
Integrated Decision Support Tool (iDST) Life Cycle Costing Module for Distributed Stormwater Control Measures (SCMs)

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The life cycle costing (LCC) module for distributed stormwater control measures (SCMs) for the integrated decision support tool (i-DST) supporting analysis of green, grey, and hybrid stormwater infrastructure deployment in urban settings in the United States is an Excel workbook that allows for planning-level evaluation of costs and first-order environmental impacts of stormwater infrastructure. The LCC module provides inputs to the broader i-DST to enable cost-based analysis. Additionally, the LCC module is a standalone workbook and can be used independently. The data include an Excel-based life cycle cost model for distributed stormwater control measures and its user guide. This model is a module of the broader Integrated Decision Support Tool led by the Colorado School of Mines (https://idst.mines.edu) in collaboration with researchers at UC Berkeley, South Dakota School of Mines, Georgia Tech, and The Nature Conservancy. The purpose is to support customizable analysis of life cycle costs associated with distributed stormwater control measures in the United States, including a first-order estimate of environmental costs. The model includes various scenario analyses, including the ability to adjust the base year of analysis, but is based primarily on data available in 2018-2019.
NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE RATE OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE IN CHILDREN AGED 7–12 YEARS IN TURKEY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY This study was undertaken to determine the nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence of Haemophilus spp. in children aged 7–12 years in Erzurum, Turkey. Three hundred randomly selected students from three regions with different socioeconomic properties were included in the study. Nasopharyngeal swabs taken from the students were streaked into selective media for Haemophilus spp. Isolated colonies were identified by macroscopic and microscopic examination and their X and V factor needs determined. Those identified as H. influenzae were serotyped by specific capsule antisera. Haemophilus spp. were recovered from 51 (17.0%), nine (3.0%) of which were H. influenzae type b (Hib), 30 (10.0%) H. influenzae non‐type b, and 12 (4.0%) H. parainfluenzae . Results were evaluated by several risk factors such as age, gender, number of siblings, siblings attending a nursery, family smoking habits and family economic status.
Carvedilol for portal hypertension in cirrhosis: systematic review with meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To assess the clinical and haemodynamic effects of carvedilol for patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Design A systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources We searched PubMed, Cochrane library databases, EMBASE and the Science Citation Index Expanded through December 2015. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Outcome measure We calculated clinical outcomes (all-cause mortality, bleeding-related mortality, upper gastrointestinal bleeding) as well as haemodynamic outcomes (hepatic venous pressure (HVPG) reduction, haemodynamic response rate, post-treatment arterial blood pressure (mean arterial pressure; MAP) and adverse events). Results 12 RCTs were included. In 7 trials that looked at haemodynamic outcomes compared carvedilol versus propranolol, showing that carvedilol was associated with a greater reduction (%) of HVPG within 6 months (mean difference −8.49, 95% CI −12.36 to −4.63) without a greater reduction in MAP than propranolol. In 3 trials investigating differences in clinical outcomes between carvedilol versus endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL), no significant differences in mortality or variceal bleeding were demonstrated. 1 trial compared clinical outcomes between carvedilol versus nadolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN), and showed that no significant difference in mortality or bleeding had been found. 1 trial comparing carvedilol versus nebivolol showed a greater reduction in HVPG after 14 days follow-up in the carvedilol group. Conclusions Carvedilol may be more effective in decreasing HVPG than propranolol or nebivolol and it may be as effective as EVL or nadolol plus ISMN in preventing variceal bleeding. However, the overall quality of evidence is low. Further large-scale randomised studies are required before we can make firm conclusions. Trial registration number CRD42015020542.
HRM Practices and Knowledge Transfer in Multinational Companies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter introduces HRM practices that help MNCs to overcome knowledge transfer barriers (knowledge-driven HRM practices). It argues that MNCs can institute various HRM practices that impact knowledge transfer barriers associated with behavior of knowledge senders and receivers. HRM practices relevant for absorptive capacity of subsidiary employees form two groups – cognitive (job analysis, recruitment, selection, international rotation, career management, training and performance appraisal) and stimulative (promotion, performance-based compensation, internal transfer, orientation programs, job design and flexible working practices). The application of cognitive HRM practices enhances the ability of knowledge receivers to absorb transferred knowledge, while the use of stimulative HRM practices increases their motivation. Temporary and permanent types of international assignments respectively influence the ability and motivation of expatriate managers to share their knowledge.