jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Computer Based Acute Leukemia Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a set of spatial domain features are extracted from the blood cells image to determine whether a tumor is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This problem is interesting because ALL and AML require different chemotherapy regimens. Proper classification greatly increases the likelihood of remission. The extracted features by the proposed methods are exploited to classify regions of interest (ROI's) into AML or ALL. A three-layer back-propagation neural network is used as a classifier. The results of the neural network for the extracted features are evaluated by calculating the classification rate compared to other techniques. The proposed technique is shown to be superior to the conventional methods with respect to classification accuracy and computational complexity
ANORECTAL MALFORMATION INCIDENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF ASSOCIATED ANOMALIES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine the incidence and types of associated anomalies in children with anorectal malformations. Methods: One hundred and sixteen patients, with anorectal malformations seen at King Hussein Hospital between 1982-1996, were reviewed for associated genitourinary and other systems anomalies. Assessment of these anomalies was done by clinical, radiological, sonography and isotope scan. Results: Out of 116 patients with anorectal malformation, high imperforate anus was found in 44.8% (male: 42, female: 10), and low anorectal anomaly in 55.2% (male: 26, female: 38). Genitourinary abnormalities were encountered in 38 patients. Associated congenital defects were seen in 45 patients: Urinary tract (24%), Cardiac (4.3%), Sacrum and vertebral deficit (8.6%), Genital (8.6%), Limbs (9.4%), Cloaca (5%), Esophageal Artesia (5%), Down's syndrome (3.4%), Hydrocephalus (1.7%) , Potter syndrome (0.8%), and others (10.3%). We observed that the incidence of associated anomalies was highest in males with high anorectal malformations (56%), and lowest (10%) in those females with low anorectal anomaly. Of the hundred and sixteen patients, 68 were males and 48 were females. Conclusion: The genitourinary tract is the most serious and the commonest site to have associated defects in patients with anorectal malformations. The higher the malformation the more frequent is the associated anomalies with severe urologic problem. Early diagnosis and treatment should be carried out to prevent sequale of fatal associations.
Exact closed-form unitary transformations of fermionic operators

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Unitary transformations play a fundamental role in many-body physics, and except for special cases, they are not expressible in closed form. We present closed-form expressions for unitary transformations generated by a single fermionic operator for Hermitian and anti-Hermitian generators. We demonstrate the usefulness of these expressions in formal analyses of unitary transformations and numerical applications to Hamiltonian downfolding in quantum computing and Heisenberg dynamics. Furthermore, this work paves the way for new analytical treatments of unitary transformations and numerical many-body methods for fermions.
Murmuring in the waves: a rhythmanalysis of the 1970s’ conjunctural shift in Britain

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This PhD thesis closely examines the method of rhythmanalysis as a mode of attending to cultural experiences. It mainly engages with Henri Lefebvre’s philosophical discussions of the method and this thesis expands and extends the contribution of rhythmanalysis to historical work in particular. In relation to what the cultural theorist Stuart Hall marks to be a conjunctural shift that took place around the mid-1970s in Britain, I aim to explore the historic rupture by mapping out how rhythmic alliances of social life have changed in the post-war years. While Hall’s theorisation of the conjunctural shift is largely based on ideological grounds (especially his writing on Thatcherism suggests a paradigm shift led by a political figure), I tentatively set out to (dis)entangle the kind of rhythms, as ways of sensing, and ways of ordering social experiences, which testify to Hall’s theories. \n \nThere are two ways of proceeding and I use case studies to illustrate how rhythmanalysis may operate. The first focus is on bodily rhythms such as walking and how it may direct our attention to the material conditions that were undergoing transformations in the East End of London. I also explore rhythms of the postal systems as they were enmeshed in a complex network of communication rhythms such as transport and financial practices. My thesis is both a theoretical contribution to the field of cultural history, as well as providing empirical evidence that complicate and enrich the historical perspective of this conjuncture.
Emissivity measurements of thin NiTi shape memory alloy wires by comparing them with a black body cavity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The shape memory effect and superelasticity of NiTi alloys make them unique for their applications in actuators and elastocaloric cooling technologies. These distinct properties are induced in NiTi alloys by reversible phase transformation from martensite to austenite, which can be triggered through temperature change or stress. It is extremely challenging to measure the temperature of thin NiTi wires during operation without disturbing their phase transformation parameters with conventional contact thermometry. However, a possible solution is contactless infrared thermography for which accurate emissivity data are mandatory. Here, we present an apparatus for measuring the emissivity of metals on a microscopic level, covering the temperature range from 308 K to 423 K. This apparatus consists of three principal components, i.e., a state-of-the-art infrared camera, a reference quality black body cavity, and contact thermometry calibrated on ITS-90. In the present work, the emissivity of NiTi samples having rough, slightly oxidized, and heavily oxidized surfaces was measured with an expanded combined uncertainty of 0.015 at a confidence level of 95%. It is investigated that with the increase in temperature, the emissivity increases rapidly in the martensite phase while it decreases slowly in the austenite phase. We hypothesize that this behavior is due to the temperature-dependent change in microstructureon the sample surface. Moreover, it will be presented that the average emissivity is as low as 0.25 for a shiny, rough surface, and it increases with the thickness of the oxidation layer, e.g., to 0.33 for slightly oxidized and to 0.45 for heavily oxidized surfaces.
Recent progress of graphene‐based materials for efficient charge transfer and device performance stability in perovskite solar cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The relevance of graphene-based materials throughout the niche area of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is indeed the main focus of this review. Specific properties of two types of solar cell materials, namely hybrid perovskites and graphene-based materials are at the core of significant breakthroughs in a wide range of applications. The specific features of graphene-based materials, along with their unique properties, have been utilized mainly in the development of photovoltaic devices. PSCs are known to have promising device performance and surpass other third-generation solar cells, including organic photovoltaics, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells. However, PSCs address several limitations in the device mechanism and material stability. PSCs performance tends to deplete over time due to several factors such as the degradation of materials used in the device caused by exposure of thermal and moisture, as well as an undesired chemical reaction in the interfaces. Several experimental studies, especially on the integration of carbon materials, including the graphene, have been extensively explored. The integration of graphene-based materials is one of the potential methods for altering and modifying components in PSCs, including perovskite structure and charges transport layers. Therefore, this review gives an overview of recent progress in the development of PSCs with the integration of graphene-based materials. The emphasis will be on the influence brought by graphene-based materials on the charge transport mechanism at the interfaces and perovskite morphology toward the improvement of photovoltaic performance and stability.
There is more to service carrier-grade quality than quality of service (QoS), or Has George Washington been telling the truth?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In spite of the optimism of the recent years, packet-based comprehensive communication is still not a reality. Among others, significant technical roadblocks are standing in the way of such a reality. This paper develops a taxonomy of the domain and positions the research opportunities that exist across this domain. Significant breakthroughs in the areas outlined in the paper are necessary to enable the advent of comprehensive and ubiquitous packet-based communication with high service quality. Of course, the required economic and social considerations are outside the scope of this paper.
The simplification of aphid terminology.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A report is provided of a workshop at 4th International Symposium on Aphids, where the decision was reached to recommend a major simplification of the terms used in papers on aphid biology, in order to make aphid work more accessible. It was concluded that most of the specialist terms usually applied to aphid morphs anf life cycles could and should be avoided in papers that are intended to be of general interest to other biologists. Specific recommenadations are made for their replacement by terms that are simpler and more widely understood.
Inhibitory and repairing effects of deacetylchitosan on gastric ulcer in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To study the inhibitory and repairing effects of deacetylchitosan on gastric ulcer in animal models. Methods Wistar rats were used to set up water-binded stress (n=40), acetic acid-cauterizated (n=32),and gastric mucosa trauma (n=32) models. The rat models were randomly divided into control group (0.5% CMC 10 mL·kg -1) and experimental groups (Deacetylchitosan Ⅰ: 100 g·L -1·kg -1;Deacetylchitosan Ⅱ: 50 g·L -1·kg -1;Ranitidine:3 g·L -1·kg -1). The ulcer indexes and ulcer areas were observed.Results The ulcer indexes in water-binded stress ulcer in Deacetylchitosan Ⅰ, Ⅱ groups and Ranitidine group were lower than that in control (P0.01),there were no significant differences between experimental groups; The ulcer areas in acetic acid-cauterizated and gastric mucosa trauma ulcer in Deacetylchitosan Ⅰ,Ⅱ groups and Ranitidine group were lower than that in control(P0.01), there were no significant differences between experimental groups. Conclusion Deacetylchitosan has inhibitory effects on water-binded stress and acetic acid-cauterizated ulcer, and has repairing effect on gastric mucosa trauma ulcer.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 102 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Cathcartia villosa Hook.fil." ] } The dataset includes 102 records from 15 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0084004-250525065834625/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Nickel-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of unsaturated C=C and C=N bonds using formic acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This thesis describes my work on nickel-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of unsaturated C=C and C=N bonds using formic acid. It contains three main parts. Chapter one reports a highly enantioselective asymmetric hydrogenation of hydrazones with a chiral ligand, (S)-Binapine. Both aryl and aliphatic methyl hydrazones afforded the desired products in good to excellent ee values. Furthermore, DFT calculation revealed that the nickel catalyst controls the asymmetric hydride insertion to unsaturated C=N bonds by controlling the binding conformation of the amide directing group, instead of differentiating group on the imine fragment. Chapter two describes asymmetric reductive amination of simple ketones with sulfonamides in one pot. With a nickel/(S)-Binapine catalytic system, a series of chiral tosylamines were obtained in high enantioselectivities. This one-pot reductive amination of simple ketones is operationally simple and avoids the isolation and purification of the intermediate tosylimines. Chapter three reports the asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins for the synthesis of unnatural amino acid derivatives, using a nickel catalyst ligated by a chiral bisphosphine (S)-Binapine. In some cases of cyclic tetra-substituted dehydroamino acid derivatives, good yields and excellent ee values were achieved.
High prevalence of Borna disease virus infection in healthy sheep in Japan

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Previous seroepidemiological and molecular epidemiological studies of Borna disease virus (BDV) showed considerably high rates of infection in horses, cattle, cats, and humans in Hokkaido, Japan. Here, we further demonstrate high rates of specific antibodies to BDV and BDV RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy sheep bred on the same island. The BDV prevalences by immunoblotting and/or reverse transcriptase PCR were 0% (0 of 19) in newborns (<1 month old), 51.7% (15 of 29) in lambs (1 to 6 months old), and 36.7% (11 of 30) in adults (>2 years old). Among animals positive for BDV, 60% of lambs and 45.5% of adults contained BDV RNA in PBMCs while 46.7% of lambs and 90.9% of adults contained specific antibodies to BDV. Thus, it is suggested that virus replication in the blood, as observed in lambs, is usually reduced in adulthood by raising immune responses to BDV.
Difference in cognitive emotional regulation strategies used by mothers with conflict and barrier personal meaning of child's illness

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction A number of studies have noted a high level of symptoms of depression and anxiety in mothers bringing up children with burn injury. The emergence of such symptoms show high importance of child's disease situation to mother and suggests the formation of a special personal meaning of child's illness for mother (conflict or barrier). The aim of this study is to describe specific patterns of mothers responding on the situation of the child burn injuries : special cognitive emotion regulation strategies and personal meaning of illness. Methods Clinical interview to assess personal meaning of illness, State Trait Anxiety Inventor, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Participants Twenty-eight mothers (aged between 22 to 43 years), children received burn 5-7 days ago ; 2 mothers (aged between 24 to 37 years), children had burns over a year ago. Results We found a strong correlation between using certain strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and different personal meaning of child's illness : mothers with a conflict meaning characterized by using of « Rumination » and « Self-Blame » strategies ; mothers with barrier meaning – « Refocus on planning ». This connection is maintained throughout the child's illness and does not depend on medical specialties. A number of strategies of cognitive emotion regulation are used by all mothers at different stages of the child's illness, regardless of the mother's personal meaning of illness : immediately after injury the most popular strategies are “Catastrophizing” and « Self-Blame » ; in the long-term rehabilitation – « Putting into perspective » is the most common one. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Analysis of Junior High School Students’ Problem-solving Ability Reviewed from Self-regulated Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p class="Abstract">Problem-solving ability in mathematics is a primary means to understand a problem and develop the students ' ability in solving a problem. Step in solving problems are categorized to understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan and reflection. This research used a descriptive method aimed to identify the problem-solving ability among junior high school students and review from students self-regulated learning (SRL).The subjects of the research were taken by one student in each SRL category (high, medium, and low) which then given the problem-solving test and the result was triangulated by interview. Based on the research, it can be stated that the students with high self-regulation can solve a mathematical problem by applying first indicator, the second indicator, third indicator, but they cannot apply the fourth indicator. The students with medium self-regulation can apply the first indicator and second indicator while they are still having the problem in third indicator and fourth indicator. The students with low category self-regulation cannot apply all of those in solving the mathematical problem.</p>
Creating and Applying a Single Coat Nano Nonskid Deck Epoxy

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Offshore Oil and Gas environment is among the most corrosive in the world. It is also one of the most dangerous. Providing safe working surfaces is a requirement of the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) and is desired by asset owners and contractors alike. Balancing safety with production, downtime, and turn-around times is always a battle, but one coating manufacturer seems to have solved these issues through its development of a single coat zinc carbon nanotube (CNT) non-skid epoxy deck coat that provides galvanic protection via the sacrificial metal's electron transfer along the CNT quantum network. The nano non-skid coating is a single coat solution and is ready for service in under 24 hours. This paper (and presentation) will highlight some of the formulation challenges encountered when developing this first of its kind deck coating, address how this single coat application improves efficiency over other multi coat applied products and outlines the ease of installation with some traditional and new application approaches.
Improving Bahasa Indonesia writing skill: a project-based learning experimental study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study examines the effectiveness of project-based learning (PBL) in improving the academic writing skills of sixth-semester Bahasa Indonesia students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Pringsewu. We used a quasi-experimental design to address on the effects of PBL on improving Bahasa Indonesia wtiting skill among university students. This involved 32 students participating in PBL activities for one semester. Pre- and post-intervention tests measured writing quality, engagement, and critical thinking skills. Statistical studies demonstrated a notable enhancement in writing quality after the intervention, as shown by paired t-tests (𝑝 < 0.05). Additionally, groups that participated in various problem-based learning (PBL) activities had higher levels of engagement, as indicated by ANOVA (𝑝 < 0.05). The examination of observations and reflective essays revealed several prominent themes, including heightened passion, improved critical thinking, and a higher drive to learn and use Bahasa Indonesia. The study's findings indicate that Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a potential method to improve the competency of university students in Bahasa Indonesia. PBL encourages greater involvement and the development of skills in the language. Practically, Project-Based Learning (PBL) enhances students' writing skills and promotes a profound comprehension of language by offering genuine learning experiences and chances for collaborative inquiry. This approach encourages students to actively participate in language usage in real-world situations. These findings add to the wider discussion on innovative teaching methods in higher education and have implications for developing curriculum and instructional practices that aim to enhance educational results.
Identification of Possible Incoming Runoff using Different Combinations of Extreme Rainfall Events in a Semi-arid Context: Banas River, Bisalpur Dam Catchment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Event-based hydrologic models are very useful to predict peak flow and flood volume, particularly in semi-arid regions. In HEC-HMS software methods selected for loss, transformation, routing and base flow were soil conservation service (SCS) curve number (CN), SCS unit hydrograph (UH), Muskingum and recession, respectively. A total of six extreme events from the year 2011 to 2019 were selected, out of which four were used for calibration, one each for validation and application. The developed model can identify the peak discharge and flood volume satisfactorily at 2-hour intervals. During validation performance statistical viz. percent difference in runoff volume (DV%), percent difference in peak flow (DP%), Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), percent bias (%BIAS), coefficient of determination (R2) and ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation (RSR) were −3.68, −25.93, 0.52, 3.52, 0.53 and 0.69, respectively. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the CN is the highest sensitive parameter followed by the storage time constant (K), which affects the peak discharge. Whereas, for flood volume, CN is the highest sensitive parameter followed by the recession constant (Rc). The relative sensitivity of CN for peak flow and flood volume were 2.11 and 1.73, respectively. Out of center maximum rainfall (CeMR) and cumulative maximum rainfall (CuMR) distribution, CeMR distribution has given higher peak discharge for all rainfall duration. The rainfall characteristics of the 2016 flood event suggest a hypothetical 9-day rainfall duration can be considered. The 9-day event with CeMR gives 70.64% higher discharge as compared to the observed peak discharge during the 2016 flood.
Stress Analysis of a Pipeline as a Hydropower Plant Structural Element

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes pipeline stress analysis, primarilybranch junctions, as a structural element in hydro-power plants. Pipelines are exposed to internal pressure,which is present under working conditions. Analysis of stresses in the pipeline of the hydropower plant is based on analytical, numerical, and experimental methods In this paper, we will define the critical elements of the pipeline. After that, we will determine critical areas in the branch junction, under experimental conditions, where strain gauges should be installed. The obtained resultsshow that a boiler formula can be efficiently applied in the stress analysis. Also, a correlation between the internal pressure and the maximum circumferential stresses in the elastic zone is given. In the final sections of the paper, the limit value of the internal pressure as a load for which stress in the zone of plasticity appears and the safety factor of the branch junction in the exploitation conditions are determined. The contribution of this work is the unification and deepening of the topic related to the problem of the testing othydro-power structural elements.