jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
American Association of Nurse Practitioners National Nurse Practitioner sample survey: Update on acute care nurse practitioner practice

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background and purpose: Data from national surveys on the practice of nurse practitioners (NPs) provides valuable information on aspects of practice, demographic characteristics of providers and patients, plans for continued employment, and role satisfaction. The American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) has been conducting the AANP Sample Survey since 1988. Methods: The most recent AANP Sample Survey was conducted in 2016 with a random stratified survey of 40,000 NPs. Data were collected bimodally, by internet and mail surveys. Responses were received from 3,970 respondents (9.9% response rate), with 335 respondents reporting NP certification in acute care as adult-gerontology acute care and/or pediatric acute care. Results: Almost all acute care nurse practitioners (ACNPs) reported that they were clinically practicing in 2016 (99.3%), with the top three areas encompassing cardiovascular (20.5%), critical care (12.1%), and hospitalist roles (6.3%). More than 1 in 4 ACNPs worked in a hospital inpatient setting, with 16.1% reporting work in a hospital outpatient clinic, 7.7% in a private group practice, 6.5% at a public university, and some in combined roles covering both inpatient and outpatient care, or on consultation service or specialty-based teams. On average, 34.1% of the patients ACNPs saw were between the ages of 66 and 85 years, and 11.2% were 85 years and older. The top 3 medication classes in which ACNPs regularly prescribe were diuretics (31.9%), analgesic narcotics (31.2%), and antibiotics (27.3%). Majority (88%) report satisfaction with the role, and approximately one third (31.1%) expect to continue to work in their current practice for more than 10 years. Implications for practice: The findings of the 2016 AANP National NP Sample Survey data related to ACNP practice identify expansion of work settings, practice consistent with acute care scope of practice, role satisfaction, and intent to continue working. Continued monitoring of practice components and employment is indicated to track ACNP workforce trends.
Near-surface elevated pollution: what we don’t know doesn’t hurt? A numerical study over Mt. Carmel

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Many air pollution events are occasionally difficult to explain. While most monitoring-based air pollution assessment studies deal with surface analysis, the near-surface elevated pollutants are challenging. The lack of data and understanding of those elevated layers, leaves us ‘blind’ and with no clue where, when and how intensively these pollutants may hit the surface. Here, this challenge at the specific domain of Mt. Carmel is addressed. The atmospheric numerical models RAMS and HYPACT were employed on Haifa Bay in the Eastern Mediterranean with nested horizontal grids down to 0.5 km, in order to resolve the fine-scale flow, along an air pollution episode which serves as a case study. Sixteen locations were determined, representing monitored and non-monitored sites in the complex terrain sub-domains. Results show multi-inversion profiles, which are consistent with an earlier observational study over the region. Concentration differences up to an order of magnitude between adjacent sites (∼2 km) were found, often associated with near-zero surface values, while some simulated peaks were at elevations of 100–400 m above ground level (AGL). The current event offers a view on the near-surface elevated layers, and points at limitations of ground-level monitoring as an indicator of air pollution. This study highlights the importance of near-surface pollution, which is often an unknown source for surface pollution. Overall, steep vertical gradient of pollution as shown here is associated with a combination of deep inversion (or multi-inversion profile), vertical circulation due to topography or synoptic flow, and small scale circulation induced by the complex topography. Since monitoring of the elevated layers is limited by the technology, it is suggested that high resolution advanced models should be used for further exploration of the near-surface pollution.
Visualization and sharing of genomics data via a cloud based system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Final Year Project, Visualization and Sharing of Genomics Data via a Cloud Based System, documented on the relationships between Cloud Computing, Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS), Galaxy, Integrated Genome Browser (IGB) and UCSC Genome Browser. Due to the vast amount of Genomics data involved in the renowned technology Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS), Galaxy (An open source, web-based platform for data intensive biomedical research) adopted Cloud Computing as a potential methodology to remedy the storage, processing and sharing of data. A detailed guide from depositing data, installing of Galaxy to the hosting of Galaxy were included in this report with proper configurations and recommendations attached. It is important to note that Galaxy no longer supported the distribution of Windows platform and thus, Ubuntu (A community developed, GNU/Linux based Free/Open Source operating system) was adopted as a substitution for development in a Linux platform. Development on Galaxy was also made possible by leveraging on the API key generated by Galaxy where users could perform analysis on a Terminal instead. Galaxy was further migrated to existing Cloud infrastructure of Nanyang Technological University, School of Computer Engineering where users were able to take advantage of its high availability, performance capability and the privilege of enjoying scalability in the computing resources. Benchmarking was performed on a single workstation together with NTU-SCE Cloud services and the result shows the latter outperformed the former significantly. External web applications like UCSC Genome Browser and Integrated Genome Browser (IGB) were also introduced to enhanced users’ experience in performing data analysis. A total of three recommendations each for hosting Galaxy on the Cloud concluded that the trade-off for performance and availability comes with great financial cost.
Observaton on efficacy of Qiliqiangxin capsule in treatment of patients with chronic renal failure complicated by chronic heart failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe the influence of Qiliqiangxin capsule in treating patients with chronic renal failure complicated by chronic heart failure.Methods One hundred patients met the diagnosis criteria were randomly divided into control group and research group using digital table,50 cases in each group.Both groups were used regular treatment including diuretics,cardiotonic drugs and blood dialysis,on basis of routine treatment,research group were added Qiliqiangxin capsule.Before treatment and 8 weeks after treatment,changes of plasma natriuretic peptide(BNP),aldosterone(ALD),left ventricular end-dilation diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),6 min walk distance,and renal function were observed and compared.Results Before treatment,there were no significant difference between the two groups in plasma BNP,ALD,LVEDD,LVEF,6 min walk distance,SCR,BUN and K~+(P 0.05).compared with before treatment,the levels of plasma BNP,ALD,SCr and K~+ were decreased(P 0.05),LVEDD,LVEF and 6 min walk distance were improved(P 0.05),the improvement in research group were more obvious than those of control group(P 0.05).Conclusion Qiliqiangxin capsule can obviously decrease plasma BNP,ALD,SCr,BUN and K~+ in patients with chronic renal failure and chronic heart failure,improve heart and renal function,improve the life quality of the paitens.
110 mA operation of J-PARC cesiated RF-driven H− ion source

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) cesiated RF-driven H− ion source (IS) has been stably operated for about six years. From Sep. 2018, the J-PARC 400 MeV LINAC has been steadily operated with the design H− ion beam intensity (IH−) of 50 mA, when a 60 mA beam is injected from the IS. At each end of about 3 months J-PARC operation, the IS supplies a 52.5 keV 72 mA beam for the LINAC 60 mA acceleration. The IS superior emittances predicted in a test-stand were proven by the high RFQ acceleration efficiency of 94.3 % (IH− = 67.9 mA). The high intensity beam with transverse emittances suitable for the RFQ is produced with several unique measures, such as slight water molecule addition into hydrogen plasma; low temperature (about 70 °C) operation of 45°-tapered 16-mm thick plasma electrode with the precise cesium density control; impurity elimination in the hydrogen plasma along with the filter-field optimization; continuous-wave igniter plasma driven with a 50-W 30-MHz RF, and so on. The 110 mA operation results of the IS in the test-stand are presented in this paper. A 65 keV 110 mA H− ion beam, about 103 mA of which was inside the transverse emittances used for a common RFQ design, was stably operated with a duty factor of 4.5 % (1 ms x 45 Hz). The interesting relationship of the IH− without any emittance blowups upon the required beam energy (WH-) was derived as IH−(WH−) = 71.2 x (WH- / 52.5)^2.03. The IS is the benchmark one for the next generation high energy H− LINACs aiming for 100 mA class intensity.
Development of Earthquake-Resistance Evaluation Method for Composite-Repaired Pipelines Considering Interface Delamination

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Buried gas pipelines play a crucial role in our modern infrastructure, and hence, ensuring both safety and uninterrupted supply by prompt repair in case of damage is a critical need. The composite repair method has been utilized for emergency repairs in pipelines, yet the earthquake resistance of the composite-repaired pipeline remains uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the resistance of pipelines repaired with composite materials against earthquake ground displacement through experiments and finite element analysis incorporating a cohesive zone model. An axial loading test was performed on a test pipe repaired with composite materials. During the experiment, delamination occurred at the interface between the steel pipe and composite repair, leading to internal water leakage. The average local strain in the pipe at the onset of internal water leakage exceeded the strain demand imposed by earthquake ground displacement, indicating the earthquake resistance of the composite-repaired pipeline under the experimental conditions. A finite element analysis utilizing a cohesive zone model was carried out to replicate the experimental delamination. In this analysis, the delamination penetrated earlier than in the experiment, suggesting that the developed analysis method can conservatively evaluate the earthquake resistance of the composite-repaired pipeline. Furthermore, the developed analysis method was applied under conditions differing from the experiment. In all cases, the strain in the pipe exceeded the strain demand from earthquake ground displacement before interface delamination penetrated. These findings lead to the conclusion that the composite-repaired pipeline demonstrated earthquake resistance.
Remarks on semilinear problems with nonlinearities depending on the derivative

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we continue some work by Canada and Drabek [1] and Mawhin [6] on the range of the Neumann and Periodic boundary value problems:egin{gather*} mathbf{u}''(t)+mathbf{g}(t,mathbf{u}'(t))= overline{mathbf{f}}+widetilde{mathbf{f}}(t), quad tin (a,b) mathbf{u}'(a)=mathbf{u}'(b)=0 ext{or}quad mathbf{u}(a)=mathbf{u}(b),quad mathbf{u}'(a)=mathbf{u}'(b) end{gather*} where $mathbf{g}in C([a,b] imes mathbb{R}^n,mathbb{R}^n)$, $overline{mathbf{f}}in mathbb{R}^n$, and $widetilde{mathbf{f}}$ has mean value zero. For the Neumann problem with $n>1$, we prove that for a fixed $widetilde{mathbf{f}}$ the range can contain an infinity continuum. For the one dimensional case, we study the asymptotic behavior of the range in both problems.
Low-Frequency EPR Spectrometers: MHz Range

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The impetus for low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy derives from the deeper penetration of lossy samples by the corresponding longer wavelengths. Low-frequency measurements in living animals have been attempted by a few groups. Low-frequency operation simplifies design of the spectrometer magnets enormously. Low-frequency EPR-spectroscopic imaging has the potential to provide information complementary to that provided by localized nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The use of low frequency for EPR studies dates back to the discovery of EPR by Zavoisky. The motivation for in vivo EPR-spectroscopic imaging is based on the unique information it can provide. The generic kinds of information obtainable from NMR and EPR in vivo are likely to be complementary. Loop-gap resonators have made high filling-factor commonplace in EPR spectroscopy. In vivo imaging at low frequency should include, at some level, a spectral dimension. The generic kinds of information obtainable from NMR and EPR in vivo are likely to be complementary.
β-Endorphin and catecholamine induced alterations of episodic LH release during long distance running

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oligoamenorrhea is a consequence in ~30% of women running long distances. Altered hypothalamic episodic GnRH release as well as decreased steroid conversion due to reduced body fat have been reported as causes. 7 healthy women with regular cycles (age 20-25 years) participated in the study: Basal values were obtained during three hours of rest (R) followed by a long distance run (E) at 30% below anaerobic border with extensive (lactate 1-2 mMol/1) or intensive (2-3 mMol/1) energy drain. A final exhaustive run (eE) over 15 min up to anaerobic lactate levels was followed by a 30-min rest for normalization (N). Blood was drawn every 15 min for determination of LH, FSH, prolactin, estradiol (E2), β-endorphin, norepinephrine, (NE), adrenaline (AD) and dopamine (DA).
Perturbation Theory for Continuous Stochastic Equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The various general perturbational schemes for continuous stochastic equations are considered. These schemes have many analogous features with the iterational solution of Schwinger equation for S-matrix. The following problems are discussed: continuous stochastic evolution equations for probaibility distribution functionals, evolution equations for equal time correlators, perturbation theory for Gaussian and Poissonian additive noise, perturbation theory for birth and death processes. stochastic properties of systems with multiplicative noise. The general results are illustrated by diffusion - controlled reactions, fluctuations in closed systems with chemical processes, propagation of waves in random media in parabolic equation approximation, and nonequilibrium phase transitions in systems with Poissonian breeding centers. The rate of irreversible reaction X + X → A (Smoluchowski process) is calculated with the use of general theory based on continuous stochastic equations for birth and death processes. The threshold criterion and range of fluctuational region for synergetic phase transition in system with Poissonian breeding centers are also considered.
Assessing international baccalaureate courses taught through english: a case study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Esta investigacion analiza clases de ingles en el primer ano del Programa de Diplomado del Bachillerato Internacional a traves de un estudio de caso realizado en las instituciones Unidad Educativa Santana (institucion privada) y Colegio Nacional Ciudad de Cuenca (institucion publica). Presenta la metodologia Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lenguas Extrajeras (AICLE) –conocido en ingles como CLIL– como una metodologia factible ya que permite incorporar la lengua y el contenido en una instruccion dual. Esta investigacion crea conexiones entre el curriculo del Programa de Diplomado del BI de la clases de ingles y la metodologia AICLE, basadas en las observaciones en las cuales se evidencio como funciona dicho programa en el sistema educativo ecuatoriano incluyendo sus fortalezas y debilidades.
The Potential of Different Origin Stem Cells in Modulating Oral Bone Regeneration Processes

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Tissue engineering has gained much momentum since the implementation of stem cell isolation and manipulation for regenerative purposes. Despite significant technical improvements, researchers still have to decide which strategy (which type of stem cell) is the most suitable for their specific purpose. Therefore, this short review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the three main categories of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells in the context of bone regeneration for dentistry-associated conditions. Importantly, when deciding upon the right strategy, the selection needs to be made in concordance with the morbidity and the life-threatening level of the condition in discussion. Therefore, even when a specific type of stem cell holds several advantages over others, their availability, invasiveness of the collection method and ethical standards become deciding parameters.
Evaluating Cytokines in Immunotoxicity Testing

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

One of the most potentially useful tools in immunotoxicology is the assessment of cytokines, the proteins/peptides that are responsible for regulating a variety of processes including immunity, inflammation, apoptosis, and hematopoiesis. Cytokine production measurements offer an outstanding promise and may eventually substitute for other more laborious procedures. The particular profile of cytokine production may provide an important information regarding the nature of many immunotoxic responses.Recent expansion in the knowledge of cytokine biology and the realization that cytokines play a role in human diseases have created a need for the precise assessment and accurate interpretation of their presence and activity in the body fluids, tissues and cells. Proper evaluation of cytokines requires attention to several technical details. Multi-cytokine analysis still needs to be standardized in terms of optimum source for analysis, protocols and quality control issues, such as the use of reference standards and the expression of results.Important practical details and considerations will be discussed in this chapter, including the source of the sample to be tested (circulating fluids, or ex vivo/in vitro isolated cells), the potential effects of collection, processing, and storage of the results of the assays, as well as potential variables associated with the source material (matrix effects, relevance, inhibitory substances), and factors influencing the choice of assay used (bioassay, immunoassay, molecular biology technique, flow cytometry).
Oxidative stress in patients with scalp seborrheic dermatitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease that mainly affects the scalp. The objective of this study was to evaluate the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in scraping samples of patients with scalp SD. Thirty consecutive patients with a diagnosis of scalp SD and thirty-one healthy volunteers were enrolled. The samples were obtained by scraping the skin surface of the scalp. SOD and CAT activities and MDA levels were measured in scraping samples by spectrophotometric method. SOD and CAT activities and MDA levels were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p<0.001 all). There was a positive correlation between the severity of the disease and itching scores (contingency coefficient = 0.671, p<0.001). Except for this correlation, there was no significant correlation among age, sex, duration and severity of the disease, itching scores, antioxidant enzymes and MDA levels in the patient group (p>0.05). Cutaneous oxidative stress in patients with SD may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Further clinical and laboratory evaluation of the oxidant/antioxidant system in patients with SD is warranted.
Alcohol‐abusing teenage boys

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT– This is the second part of an investigation of alcohol‐abusing teenage boys, focusing on personality. One group of 50 High‐consumers and one group of 50 0‐consumers were selected from 862 18‐year‐old boys in the general population summoned to the Regional Recruiting and Replacement Office in Solna. These boys answered a personality inventory (KSP) to test a hypothesis on alcohol abuse and personality factors which might indicate psychopathy. The results support the hypothesis that alcohol‐abusing teenage boys have psychopathic personality traits while the non‐consuming boys have normal personalities. The study cannot reveal whether the differences in personality were the result of the high alcohol consumption or if the psychopathic personality traits preceded the high consumption. A reasonable hypothesis for further research is that vulnerable boys living under poor social conditions react to their situation with motoric restlessness, impulsiveness and aggressive acting‐out behaviour. Due to this their social adjustment as grown ups is poor with consequent alcohol and drug abuse and criminality.
Poverty and childhood malnutrition: Evidence-based on a nationally representative survey of Bangladesh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Malnutrition contributes to children's morbidity and mortality, and the situation undermines the economic growth and development of Bangladesh. Malnutrition is associated with lower levels of education that decrease economic productivity and leads to poverty. The global burden of malnutrition continues to be unacceptably high amid social and economic growth, including in Bangladesh. Therefore, identifying the factors associated with childhood malnutrition and poverty is necessary to stop the vicious cycle of malnutrition leaded poverty.The study utilized the 2017-18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), accumulating 7,738 mother-child pairs. Associations between potential risk factors and nutritional status were determined using chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized on significant risk factors to measure their odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI).The prevalence of moderate and severe wasting was 7.0% and 1.8%, respectively, whereas the prevalence of moderate and severe stunting was 19.2% and 8.0%, while 16.4% and 3.6% of children were moderately and severely underweight. Children from the poorest and poor households were suffering from at least one form of malnutrition. Adjusted ORs were estimated by controlling socio-economic and demographic risk factors, such as poor maternal body mass index, parents' lower education level, use of unhygienic toilet, child age in months, and recent experience of diarrhea and fever. The pattern was almost similar for each malnutrition status (i.e., stunting, underweight, and wasting) in the poorest and poor households.Bangladesh achieved the Millennium Development Goals, focusing primarily on health-related indicators and working to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Even considering this success, the prevalence of malnutrition and poverty in same household remains relatively high compared to other developing countries. Therefore, the study recommends the implementation of nationwide systematic measures to prevent poverty and malnutrition.