jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 14060: Predictors of Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Device: Device Settings

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Use of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) as a bridge to transplant (BTT) and especially as a destination therapy (DT) is increasing. Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a common complication observed in LVAD recipients. Underlying hematologic abnormalities in LVAD patients are well described. However, the risk factors associated with GIB remain unclear. Methods: Electronic medical records of 59 HeartMate II (HM-II) recipients at a university hospital and 52 HM-II recipients at a community hospital were reviewed for demographic data, social history, medication use, and co-morbidities. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, chi-square analysis and logistic regression to identify predictors of GIB and rebleeding. Results: Of the 111 patients analyzed 31 had at least one GIB (27.9%). Caucasians represented the majority of the patients (n=55; 49.5%) followed by African-Americans (n=44; 39.6%). Age, gender, BMI, presence of hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, aortic stenosis, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and history of GIB, were not associated with GIB after LVAD implant. A logistic regression model including history of smoking (OR = 3.13, 95% CI=1.13- 8.68, p= 0.028) and NSAID use (OR=4.28, 95% CI= 1.03-17.81, p=0.045) was as predictive of GIB post-LVAD. The most predictive model for rebleeding included indication for LVAD (OR=0.068, 95% CI=0.008-0.601, p=0.016), history of smoking (OR = 5.06, 95% CI=0.97-26.49, p=0.05) and NSAID use (OR=9.46, CI=1.21-73.87, p=0.03). 66.7% (10/15) of patients with recurrent bleeding had CKD versus 36.5% (36/95) of patients without recurrent bleeding (p=0.045). Patients with LVAD as a BTT were found to be 93.2% less likely to rebleed. Rebleeders had significantly higher LVAD power (5.50 ± 0.732; CI=5.09 - 5.91 vs. 4.85±1.16; CI=4.60-5.09; p=0.038), pulsatility index (6.04 ± 0.94; CI=5.52-6.56 vs. 5.27 ± 1.27; CI=5.01-5.53; p=0.027) and cardiac output (4.81 ± 1.27; CI= 4.10 - 5.51 vs. 3.89±1.66; CI 3.53-4.26; p=0.046). Conclusion: Patients with BTT as indication for LVAD are much less likely to rebleed. Moreover, lower power, pulsatility index, and cardiac output might prevent rebleed. Larger studies are required to confirm such associations.
Prevalence and Significance of AGR2 Expression in Human Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Backround Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) is a resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein with a vital role in embryonal development, mucus maturation, tissue regeneration, and wound healing. Methods To determine the prevalence and clinical significance of AGR2 expression in cancer, a tissue microarray containing 14,966 tumors from 134 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results AGR2 positivity was found in 103 of 134 tumor categories, and 83 tumor categories contained at least one strongly positive case. AGR2 expression was most frequently seen in tumors of the female genital tract, particularly adenocarcinomas (up to 100%), various breast cancer subtypes (57.1%–100%), urothelial carcinoma (74.6%–100%), adenocarcinomas of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract (93.6%–99.6%), and pancreaticobiliary cancers (65.2%–98.2%). AGR2 positivity was slightly less common in squamous cell carcinomas (46.4%–77.3%) and mainly absent in mesenchymal and lymphoid tumors. While AGR2 expression was only weak or absent in the normal thyroid, it was moderate to strong in 46.0% of adenomas, 52.8% of follicular carcinomas, and 81.8% of papillary carcinomas of the thyroid. High AGR2 expression was strongly linked to poor ISUP ( p < 0.0001), Fuhrman ( p < 0.0001), and Thoenes ( p < 0.0001) grades as well as advanced pT stage ( p = 0.0035) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Low AGR2 expression was associated with high BRE grade in breast cancer ( p = 0.0049), nodal metastasis ( p = 0.0275) and RAS mutation ( p = 0.0136) in colorectal cancer, nodal metastasis ( p = 0.0482) in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma, high grade in noninvasive urothelial carcinoma ( p = 0.0003), and invasive tumor growth in urothelial carcinoma ( p < 0.0001). Conclusions It is concluded that AGR2 expression occurs in a broad range of different tumor entities and that AGR2 assessment may serve as a diagnostic aid for the distinction of thyroidal neoplasms and as a prognostic marker in various cancer types.
Vascular dysregulation: a principal risk factor for glaucomatous damage?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Both intraocular pressure (IOP) and vascular factors appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). Arteriosclerosis and its risk factors are of minor importance, whereas vasospastic syndrome clearly is associated with GON. A vascular endotheliopathy seems to be involved in the diathetic hyperresponsiveness to stimuli, such as coldness or emotional stress. This in turn leads to a compromised autoregulation, and thereby renders the eye more sensitive to IOP or to a decrease in blood pressure. A variation in ocular perfusion may lead to an increase in free oxygen radicals. This may finally lead to apoptosis.
Islam and Politics in the Post-Communist Balkans (1990-2000)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the Balkans, the 1990s have been characterized by the emergence of the Muslim populations as autonomous political actors, as shown by the creation of ethnic parties and the formulation of nationalistic claims. This political awakening has been followed by a reshaping of the relationship between Islam ad national identity on the one hand, political actors and religious institutions on the other. The rare attempts at reislamizing the Balkan Muslim populations have not put their high level of secularization into question and, with the exception of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Islamist currents have remained at the margin of the events.
A Deep Learning Based Approach for Detection of Face Mask Wearing using YOLO V3-tiny Over CNN with Improved Accuracy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Aim: The objective is to build an efficient face mask detector using YOLO V3-tiny. Materials and Methods: The algorithm used to detect face masks is novel YOLO V3-tiny in comparison with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), the dataset used was ("Facemask Detection Dataset") the sample size was 136. Results: Novel YOLO V3-tiny gets accuracy of 95% and for CNN it was 84%. On the basis of the network's original two-scale prediction target, a scale is added to create a three-scale prediction, which can improve the accuracy of detecting small targets such as masks. The YOLO V3-tiny and CNN have a statistically significant independent sample t-test value (p0.001) with a 95 percent confidence level. Conclusion: face mask detection in YOLO V3-tiny has a significantly better accuracy than CNN.
Development of Mobile Application for K to 12 Mother Tongue Based-Multi Linguistic Education

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article studies a learning management application called Mobile Application for K to 12 Mother Tongue Based-Multi Linguistic Education. This mobile application is designed for a mobile interface to multiple environments and manageable to various infrastructure specifications using tablets and mobile phones. The study adopted the Rapid Application Development model and used the ISO 9126 standard to evaluate the application in terms of usability (4.4), functionality (4.1), and maintainability (4.1). In general, the result shows that the application got the respondent’s high rate on the evaluated characteristics. Hence, the application indeed provides a convenient tool in which data and features are useful to the teacher and pupils and encourages unique learning opportunities
Rate of buthionine sulfoximine entry into brain and xenotransplanted human gliomas.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) is an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis and can be used to potentiate the effects of chemotherapeutic alkylating agents and radiotherapy. We examined the rates of influx and efflux of [35S]BSO administered to athymic mice with and without xenografted D-54MG human gliomas. Three analytic approaches were applied to the experimental data to obtain values of the blood-to-tissue influx constant, K1, of BSO. Multiple time point experiments in tumor-bearing mice were analyzed with a two-compartment model and nonlinear fitting routines, and by graphical analysis which assumed no backflux of BSO from tissue to blood. A third approach used single time point data in nontumor-bearing mice and assumed no backflux. Calculated values of the K1 of BSO ranged from 0.23 to 1.35 microliters/g/min in tumor-free cortex, and from 5.3 to 6.3 microliters/g/min in the D-54MG gliomas. The tissue-to-blood efflux constant, k2, was zero in both cortex and tumor, suggesting that BSO entered cells and was trapped once it crossed the blood-brain barrier. Estimates of plasma vascular space (Vp) ranged from 2 to 20 microliters/g in cortex, and from 103 to 169 microliters/g in tumor. Another set of experiments, done in normal mice with different doses of BSO, suggested that BSO competes for neutral amino acid transport sites at the blood-brain barrier, but that the capacity of the carrier-mediated transport system is low and saturates at administered doses of about 0.5 mmol/kg (corresponding to plasma concentrations of about 12 mumol/ml). The rate of entry into brain was proportional to the octanol/water partition coefficient and molecular weight of BSO, which also supports passive diffusion as the means of entry. Consequently, although the rate of BSO entry into D-54MG gliomas was between 4 and 30 times higher than the rate of entry into tumor-free cortex, the results of these experiments suggest that most of the BSO that enters brain tumors in the doses commonly used in experimental situations will cross capillaries by passive diffusion.
Altered sympathetic activity during development of diet-induced obesity in rat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Sprague-Dawley rats developed diet-induced obesity (DIO) after 3 mo on a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (DIO diet), with associated increases in total body and interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) lipid content. After 7 days on the DIO diet, rats had increased levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; 34%), norepinephrine (NE; 34%), and NE turnover (94%; estimated by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine inhibition of TH) in their IBAT compared with chow-fed controls. After 3 mo on the DIO diet, NE levels and/or turnover were reduced by 27–50% in aortas, hearts, and pancreata in obese rats. While IBAT NE turnover was normal, TH inhibition failed to increase the lipid content of IBAT in obese rats as it did in controls, suggesting a postsynaptic defect in basal NE-stimulated lipolysis in this thermogenically active tissue. When obese rats were switched from the DIO diet to rat chow for 3 days, NE levels remained depressed in their hearts (25%) and aortas (14%) but were increased by 36–45% in IBAT, pancreata, and white adipose tissue. NE turnover rates and/or constants were increased by 37–110% in hearts, aortas, pancreata, and IBAT of these obese rats while there were increased IBAT TH (20%) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (87%) activities compared with chow-fed controls. Therefore, sympathetic activity varied markedly as a function of both dietary composition and relative body weight during the development of DIO.
Compiling Control-Intensive Loops for CGRAs with State-Based Full Predication

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Predication is an essential technique to accelerate kernels with control flow on CGRAs. While state-based full predication (SFP) can remove wasteful power consumption on issuing/decoding instructions from conventional full predication, generating code for SFP is challenging for general CGRAs, especially when there are multiple conditionals to be handled due to exploiting data level parallelism. In this paper, we present a novel compiler framework addressing central issues such as how to express the parallelism between multiple conditionals, and how to allocate resources to them to maximize the parallelism. In particular, by separating the handling of control flow and data flow, our framework can be integrated with conventional mapping algorithms for mapping data flow. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework can find and exploit parallelism between multiple conditionals, thereby leading to 2.21 times higher performance on average than a naive approach.
MeSat Mission: Revolutionizing Mars Exploration with THz Radiometer Payload and Optimal Trajectory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Space exploration presents vast prospects for scientific, industrial, and economic progress. This paper introduces the MeSat mission as a pioneering approach to Mars exploration. MeSat aims to deepen our understanding of Martian conditions and resources by employing an optimized Earth-to-Mars trajectory, enabling a comprehensive study of the Martian atmosphere and surface. The mission comprises a Cargo Microsatellite hosting three 6U CubeSats and two 3U CubeSats, deployed into four separate Mars orbits forming a constellation. Each CubeSat carries distinct payloads: a THz radiometer for water detection, a high-resolution surface camera, a top-tier spectrometer, and a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) for wind speed readings. This paper focuses on two pivotal innovations: the development of a 183GHz radiometer payload for detecting water on Mars and a optimal mission design algorithm that analyzes a fuel-efficient low-thrust trajectory from Earth to Mars. Regarding the THz payload for water detection, a subharmonic Schottky diode-based mixer is meticulously designed to efficiently down-convert radio signals. The down-converted signals are carefully analyzed using a customized Do-It-Yourself (DIY) spectrum meter, which facilitated the capture and processing of acquired data. To provide the necessary Local Oscillator signals for the mixer, a Tripler employing three-anode Schottky diodes is developed. Additionally, the Tripler requires a signal generator for its entry frequency, which is addressed by developing a DIY signal generator. Together, these components, comprising the Schottky diode mixer, Tripler, and DIY circuits, collectively form the complete THz payload, demonstrating exceptional power efficiency with a total consumption of only 3.7W. The study employs a dual-step hybrid optimization algorithm (PSO-Homotopy) to analyze fuel-efficient low-thrust trajectories from Earth to Mars, incorporating the Ephemeris dynamics model to account for gravitational perturbations in the entire solar system. In practical mission design, crucial factors like hyperbolic excess velocity, diverse opportunities for Earth launch and Mars rendezvous, varied propulsion systems, and Time of Flight (TOF) play vital roles in trajectory optimization.
Expression of factors involved in dental pulp physiopathological processes by nemotic human pulpal fibroblasts

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim To investigate in human dental pulp fibroblasts ( HDPF ) the expression of factors involved in dental pulp physiopathological processes and in an experimental model of cell activation called nemosis, and to compare the behaviour of pulp cell activation with sound lung fibroblast MRC 5, employed as a reference model for nemosis. Methodology Nemotic response was induced in three‐dimensional cultures of HDPF and lung fibroblasts. The expressions of molecules involved in physiological ( alkaline phosphatase , type I collagen ) and in inflammatory processes ( IL ‐6 , CXCL 8 , CCL 20 , COX ‐2 ) were studied using real‐time PCR . Concentrations of IL ‐6 and CXCL 8 were analysed during 4 days with ELISA . Nonparametric tests were used to determine statistical differences between groups. Results A significant decrease ( P < 0.001) in type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase was observed in MRC 5 and HDPF nemotic responses. Although the amounts of mRNA differed between these cell types, there was an increase in CCL 20 , CXCL 8 and COX ‐2 expression ( P < 0.001). Unlike HDPF , MRC 5 spheroids displayed significant amounts of IL ‐6 concentrations and mRNA expression. Notably, increased concentrations of CXCL 8 were recorded in all three‐dimensional cultures compared with monolayers as a function of time ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Although the nemotic responses observed were not identical in the pulpal and lung fibroblasts, similarities occurred in the expression of chemokines and cyclooxygenase‐2. Nemotic reactions and inflammatory processes in pulp diseases share similarities in terms of the expression of factors. Thus, this in vitro model could constitute a powerful tool to study intercellular relations within the dental pulp and to develop new local treatments to counteract the inflammatory reaction that occurs during pulpitis.
Sulfur Diffusion Studies Imitating Recycled Ground-Rubber-Containing Compounds

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In-rubber properties of vulcanizates deteriorate in the presence of incorporated recycled ground rubber (GR). This behavior is partly explained by a possible diffusion of sulfur from the rubber matrix into the GR. Therefore, the sulfur concentration and, thus, the crosslink density in the matrix are reduced. This phenomenon was further investigated in this research work using two spatially resolved methods that supplement each other: the diffusion of soluble sulfur in GR-containing compounds was locally investigated via Micro X-Ray Fluorescence analysis. Viscoelastic properties were also determined spatially by the Micro Dynamic-Mechanical Indentation method. Combining the results of both methods, local concentrations of sulfur were related to local viscoelastic properties, revealing great differences in crosslink density at the interface between the GR and matrix material. In this way, it is shown that sulfur is capable of diffusing several mm, which locally doubles its concentration with respect to the sulfur content of the compound formulation. This, in turn, negatively impacts the homogeneity of crosslink density in both the matrix and GR, revealing a local increase in the elastic stiffness of 100 %. In addition, it was found that the vulcanization characteristics of the used polymers determine the amount of sulfur diffusion and, thus, the change in viscoelastic properties.
Glycine max NGB03530

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Glycine max
Common name(s): Soybean
Conserved by: National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Nigeria
Local sample unique identifier: NGB03530
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2009-10-09
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Comprehensive Analysis of Detection Triggers for Immune-Related Adverse Events: Implications for Patient Education and Management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE With increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), effective management of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) has become a critical concern. This study aimed to identify the detection triggers of irAEs and provide insights for improving their management. METHODS This retrospective analysis included 1,237 patients treated with ICIs between 2014 and 2023. irAEs were categorized into three groups based on their detection triggers: symptom-dominant irAEs (>80% of cases identified through subjective symptoms), test-dominant irAEs (>80% of cases detected via clinical examinations), and mixed-type irAEs (meeting neither criterion). RESULTS Among the 1,237 patients, 547 (44.2%) experienced 797 irAEs. Symptom-dominant irAEs included skin toxicity (all-grade: 17.3%, grade ≥3: 1.1%), colitis (3%, 1.4%), musculoskeletal toxicity (1.9%, 0.6%), type 1 diabetes (0.6%, 0.6%), nervous system toxicity (0.6%, 0.4%), and ocular toxicity (0.4%, 0%). Test-dominant irAEs included thyroid dysfunction (11.7%, 0.3%), hepatitis (6.5%, 3.2%), nephritis (1.9%, 0.4%), pancreatitis (1.5%, 1.1%), and hematological toxicity (0.6%, 0.3%). Mixed-type irAEs included pneumonitis (10.6%, 2.7%), adrenal insufficiency or hypophysitis (5.2%, 2.5%), and cardiovascular toxicity (0.8%, 0.2%). Mixed-type irAEs were associated with significantly higher rates of grade ≥3 events (33.2%) and unscheduled hospital visits (26.8%) than other irAEs. Furthermore, mixed-type irAEs identified through clinical examination generally exhibited milder severity than those detected based on subjective symptoms. CONCLUSION Considering irAE detection triggers, incidence, and severity, this study highlights skin toxicity, colitis, pneumonitis, and adrenal insufficiency as high-priority conditions for patient education. After treatment initiation, test-dominant irAEs require appropriate diagnostic work-ups, symptom-dominant irAEs emphasize the importance of patient interviews, and mixed-type irAEs benefit from a combination of these strategies. This comprehensive strategy may improve irAE detection and management, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.
MHPG AS A PREDICTOR OF CLINICAL RESPONSE TO FLUOXETINE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rosenbaum, Alan H. M.D(a); Schatzberg, Alan F. M.D(b); Bowden, Charles L. M.D(c); Samson, Jacqueline A. Ph.D.(c); Schildkraut, Joseph J. M.D.(d) Author Information
Growth and physiological characteristics of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei seedlings under different site conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To clarify the relationships between the growth, photosynthesis, and active oxygen metabolism of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei and the environment under different stand conditions, and to approach the habitats suitable for the growth of T. wallichiana var. mairei seedlings, an investigation was made on the growth and physiological characteristics of two-year-old T. wallichiana var. mairei seedlings in three different habitats (Camphor stand, Eucalyptus stand, and open space) in Quanzhou of Fujian Province, East China. As compared with those in open space, the plant height and new shoot length of the seedlings in Eucalyptus and Camphor plantations were significantly improved, suggesting that woodland habitats benefited the growth of the seedlings. The seedlings chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and net photosynthetic rate in woodland habitats increased significantly, compared with those in open space. The seedling’s soluble sugar and amino acid contents were higher in woodland habitats than in open space, while the seedling’s protein contents were in adverse. The SOD and CAT activities of the seedlings in woodland habitats decreased, while the POD activities increased. Our study suggested that open space habitat could cause a strong light stress on T. wallichiana var. mairei seedlings while woodland habitats could provide indispensable shade environment for the seedling growth, and thus, it would be suitable for T. wallichiana var. mairei seedlings growing in Eucalyptus and Camphor plantations.
An oscillator network with a temporary memory function

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Some insects exhibit characteristic behaviours for a long moment when they get key stimuli but the neurons which control the behaviours have much shorter time constant than the durations of the behaviours. This time scale gap makes the mechanisms of the neural circuits hard to reveal. In this paper, we propose an oscillator network with a temporary memory function (ONTM) as one of the solutions to this problem. This ONTM has the ability to generate considerably slower transitions than those of the oscillators composing ONTM. We first design the oscillator for the ONTM. Then the performance of the ONTM is verified by analyses and simulations. Finally, we discuss the characteristics of the ONTM.