jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Studies on abscisic acid signal transduction in rice (oryza sativa) protoplasts by quantitative dual-colour flow cytometry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the major plant hormones. It is especially important for seed development and germination and adaptation to environmental stresses. Many of the plant physiological responses to ABA are the consequences of ABA-inducible or ABA-repressible gene expression. Our knowledge of the ABA signal transduction pathways leading to altered gene expression is far from complete. Two of the known transgenes affecting ABA-regulated gene expression are VIVIPAROUS1 (VPl) and ABA INSENSITIVE1 (ABI1). VP1 encodes a transcriptional activator which activates ABA-inducible genes by binding to a DNA-binding basic leucine zipper protein specific for ABA responsive elements (ABREs). The ABIl gene encodes a serine/threonine protein phosphatase with a negative regulatory role in ABA sig...[ Read more ]
[Conventional and marked BHV-1 vaccines in Germany: a brief review].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Since 1997 infections of cattle with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) are regulated by the German government with obligatory measures. Eradication of the virus is based on two different concepts: German federal states with a low BHV-1-seroprevalence comply with a selection concept, that provides deletion of BHV-1-positive cattle and only exceptional vaccination. States with a high BHV-1-prevalence attempt to eradicate the virus using the marker concept. The marker concept is based on the vaccination with glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted marker vaccines and the accompanying serological differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals. This review deals with both, conventional and marked BHV-1 vaccines, that are commercially available in Germany. Efficacy and safety of different inactivated vaccines and modified live vaccines have been evaluated in detail in several international experimental studies and field trials. Results of these studies are briefly reviewed and discussed in this article.
Association between rheumatoid arthritis and lung neoplasm; a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between RA and lung neoplasm using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The databases ProQuest, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and the search engine Google Scholar were searched up to October 8, 2024. Data analysis was performed using STATA 14 software, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 24 cohort studies, comprising 792,699 participants, were evaluated. The results indicated that RA increased the risk of lung neoplasm. Specifically, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.54 (95% CI: 1.33–1.77), the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.19–1.41), and the risk ratio (RR) was 1.50 (95% CI: 1.31–1.71). RA increased the risk of lung neoplasm in both women (SIR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.39) and men (SIR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.37, 2.15). No significant statistical association was found between RA and lung neoplasm in patients aged 30-39 years (SIR: 1.40; 95% CI: 0.64, 3.08) and 40-49 years (SIR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.21, 1.93). However, in patients aged 50-59 years (SIR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.45) and 60-69 years (SIR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.51, 1.77), RA increased the risk of lung neoplasm. Conclusion: Rheumatoid arthritis was associated with an increased risk of lung neoplasm, and this risk increased with age. The risk of lung neoplasm was higher in men than in women. Therefore, advanced age and male gender were identified as risk factors for lung neoplasm in RA patients. Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024602266) and Research Registry (UIN: reviewregistry1900) websites.
[Alcoholic heart disease (alcoholic cardiomyopathy)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With no intention of belittling the importance of chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD) in modern cardiology, the article focuses the attention on primary alcoholic heart disease--alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACMP)--which arouses a far from causal interest due to the prevalence of alcoholism. It is suggested to distinguish three main clinical forms of ACMP: valence of alcoholism. It is suggested to distinguish three main clinical forms of ACMP: (1) "classical", manifested by dilatation of the heart and signs of its failure; (2) "quasi-ischemic" manifested by cardialgia and changes in the ECG, resembling those in CIHD; (3) "arrythmic", characterized by variants of disorders of myocardial excitability and conduction. The ACMP diagnostic criteria, methods for its identification and differential diagnosis from CIHD, modern conceptions of ACMP pathogenesis, and the main principles of treatment are discussed.
The role of visual-spatial skills in learning sign language

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Hearing adults acquire sign language differently from deaf and hearing children as they have not only passed the sensitive period for language learning, but are also challenged by the novel visual and spatial modalities of sign language. This research study was interested in finding out if a hearing adult's level of visual-spatial skill is related to how efficiently and proficiently sign language is acquired. 23 hearing adults were first assessed on their visual-spatial skills through the use of a mental rotation MCQ test (task 1), followed by the undergoing of a sign language learning period (task 2). Finally, to test for final sign language proficiency, the participants were asked to produce the learned signs (task 3). It was found that there was a positive correlation between the scores recorded from task 1 and task 3, which suggests that visual-spatial skill transfer does take place, and that high visual-spatial skill gives the individual an advantage in the learning of sign language as an L2. The current study also supported previous research on gender-based differences in visual-spatial skill. Lastly, the results provided insight on whether general language learning faculty or visual-spatial skill play a greater role in learning sign language.
Towards a Toolkit for Free Living Wearable Development

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Real-world Data collection and analysis is a significant pain point in wearable device development, requiring multidisciplinary skills in: embedded systems, application development, data science, and domain expert knowledge. In this work, we first build motivation based on previous experiences in wearable development, then introduce a toolkit for data collection and iterative development to reduce engineering efforts for free living experimentation of wearable devices. This toolkit utilizes Bluetooth Low Energy and an adaptive mobile application to help researchers quickly test new hardware, collect meaningful data, and assist in developing embedded algorithms with minimal intermediary code changes. We demonstrate the utility of our toolkit by collecting data in-the-wild from multiple sensors using a prototype wearable and a ground truth heart rate sensor. In addition, we demonstrate the toolkit's capabilities with a baseline throughput test. Finally, we show how this tool has helped in early development of a new custom device. Our work is released as open source and welcomes contributions in an effort to broaden the tookit's utility for the wearable research community.
Numerical study on scattering and absorption by periodically arranged acoustical treatment at oblique incidence

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The propagation of sound over an impedance strip has been a topic of interest in sound abatement design. Excess absorption by the periodical arrangement of two or more distinct impedance conditions has been shown by various theoretical and experimental studies. It is believed that the scattering by the impedance discontinuities can enhance the absorption in some designs. This gives motivation to design a more elaborate set of impedance distribution within one periodic module. In this study, the scattering and absorption by periodically-arranged acoustical treatment at oblique incidence is investigated using the spectral method of Chebyshev collocation. The effects on the sound absorption and reflection by the length of the repeating unit, the angle of incidence and scattering characteristics due to the discontinuities of the acoustical impedance are analyzed. Central to the method is the derivation of out-going waves which allows scattered sound of all directions to leave the computational domain without reflection. The full picture of scattering is captured and analyzed using a rather coarse set of grid suitable for further optimization studies.
Systematic Review of the Epidemiology of Hair Relaxer Use and Hormone‐Sensitive Reproductive Outcomes Among Black Adult Women in the United States

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Hair relaxers are predominantly used by Black women in the United States. It has been recently suggested that exposure to potential endocrine‐disrupting compounds from the use of these products may be associated with the development of gynecological and breast cancers and anatomically relevant nonmalignancies. We conducted a systematic literature review using PubMed to identify original studies reporting measures of association between hair relaxer use and relevant adverse outcomes, focusing specifically on Black women in the United States. A total of 1382 studies were initially identified, and after consideration of the exclusion and inclusion criteria, the final set of studies consisted of seven cohort studies and one case–control study. The overall findings suggest that Black women in the United States do not experience an increased risk of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or uterine cancer due to hair relaxers. One study found a statistically significant association between hair relaxer use and uterine leiomyomata, but there were no other studies identified to support these findings. None of the studies characterized the chemical constituents of hair relaxers. From an epidemiologic perspective, the weight of the evidence does not support the hypothesis that the use of hair relaxers is a risk factor for gynecological and breast cancers in US Black women.
Concentration of Metal Elements in the Blood and Urine in the Patients with Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Titanium (Ti), cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) element concentrations in the whole blood and urine specimen in 40 patients with cementless total knee arthroplasty were determined by the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Their ages ranged from 55 to 78 years (mean, 65 years). Twenty of them had loosening of prosthesis and underwent revision surgery, including 4 subjects with Ti-6Al-4V alloy prosthesis and 16 subjects with Co-Cr-Mo alloy prosthesis. The other 20 patients had well-functioning stable prosthesis, including 5 subjects with Ti-6Al-4V alloy prosthesis and 15 subjects with Co-Cr-Mo alloy prosthesis. The mean duration of prostheses implantation in patients with loosened or well-functioning prostheses were 6.5 and 4.0 years, respectively. The control group consisted of 20 age-matched normal subjects who did not undergo any metal implant surgery. Analysis of variance showed that the metal element concentrations in the whole blood, either Co, Cr or Ti, was statistically higher in the patients with loosened prosthesis than the other two groups. However, the metal element concentrations in the urine did not show any difference. The linear regression analysis showed a moderate positive relationship between the metal element concentrations, either Co or Cr elements, in whole blood and urine only in the patients with loosened prostheses. In conclusion, elevated concentration of metal elements may indicate a loosening of prosthesis while the clinical significance of the metal element concentration in the urine needs further investigation.
Early feeding tolerance in small for gestational age infants with normal versus abnormal antenatal Doppler characteristics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: To determine differences in feeding tolerance amongst preterm small for gestational age (SGA) infants with normal versus abnormal umbilical artery Doppler flow defined as absent or reversed end diastolic flow (AREDF). METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of infants <35 weeks gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) <10th percentile. Day of initiation of feeds, days to full feeds and CRIB II scores were the primary outcomes. Clinical characteristics were compared between the groups of SGA infants with normal and AREDF. Multivariable regression models were fit to the data to adjust for potential confounders of the association of AREDF and feeding intolerance. RESULTS: 120 infants with normal and 64 infants with AREDF were included. The infants with AREDF were smaller (971 g vs. 1183 g, p = 0.0002), less mature (29.9 wks vs. 31.2 wks, p = 0.0009), had higher CRIB II score (7.2 vs. 5.2, p = 0.0033), started feeding later (4.1 days vs. 3.3 days, p = 0.020) and advanced slower to full feeds (17.7 days vs. 13.7 days, p = 0.0017). Necrotizing enterocolitis was similar between the groups ( p = 0.18). After adjusting for confounders, Doppler flow was no longer a significant predictor of the initiation ( p = 0.37) and advancement of feeds ( p = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: Infants with AREDF are sicker at birth and have more feeding difficulties; after adjusting for BW and GA, Doppler flow was no longer a significant predictor of feeding intolerance.
An analysis of L2 learners' use of noun modification in written Japanese

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper will explore issues of Japanese language acquisition and in particular will focus on how second language (L2) learners use noun modification in written Japanese. Second language acquisition (SLA) studies to date reveal that the topic of how L2 learners use noun modification is viewed as a relatively minor aspect of Japanese language acquisition. The aim of this study is to examine how each level of L2 learners uses Japanese noun modification in compositions and mini tests, and also to establish an effective method for teaching noun modification in written Japanese. This present study will also demonstrate that the frequency and accuracy of use of four forms of noun modification assists the learners to develop confidence and fluency in written Japanese.
P3A-4 Compounding of Strain Data Non-Invasively Obtained at Large Beam Steered Angles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Non-invasive vulnerable plaque detection is beneficial for prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction. A recent study [1] has shown, that non-invasive vulnerable plaque detection in the carotid arteries is feasible by ultrasound elastography. However, the quality of the strain images is low, because contrary to intravascular strain imaging, lateral strain input is required for reconstructing radial and circumferential strain images. This study focuses on reducing the distortion caused by the lateral component by constructing radial and circumferential strain images from mainly axial strain data acquired at multiple insonification angles. Beam steering techniques [2] were applied to achieve insonification angles of up to 45deg. Most of the compound radial and circumferential strain images were estimated by projecting axial strain data in radial direction. A segment calculated by principal component analysis was added to obtain full 360deg compound strain images. Compound radial and circumferential strain images were constructed for three gelatin vessel phantoms; a homogeneous phantom with a concentric lumen, a homogeneous phantom with an eccentric lumen, and a heterogeneous phantom with an eccentric soft plaque. Three radial and circumferential strain images were constructed for the concentric phantom. The first was constructed by principal component analysis of 0deg data only. The second consisted of data obtained at -45, 0 and 45 degrees beam steering, and the third was made up of data acquired at -45, -30, -22, -15, 0, 15, 22, 30, and 45 degrees beam steering. Assuming a radial strain decay, elastographic signal-to-noise ratio's (SNR e ), and contrast-to-noise ratio's (CNR e ) of these images were determined and compared. Finally, compound radial and circumferential strain images of the two eccentric phantoms were constructed from data acquired at the complete range of insonification angles, and compared. The image quality of the radial and circumferential compound strain images improved considerably compared to the radial and circumferential strain image constructed from 0deg information only. SNR e and CNR e , increases of up to 4.4 dB and 9.9 dB were measured respectively. Image quality of the elastogram improved with the number of beam steered angles used for the compounding. By comparing the strain images of the two eccentric phantoms the soft plaque region could be identified.
More About Paley-Wiener Spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The four topics covered in this chapter are not directly concerned with sampling, but with various aspects of Paley-Wiener spaces. Since these spaces are typically collections of band-limited functions, and the notion of band-limitation in one form or another runs through all our work on sampling, this material has been included to provide some necessary background, and to lend perspective on these important spaces.For general reference it will be convenient to have at our disposal a collection of Paley-Wiener theorems.
Combination of Oleic Acid and the gp41 Fusion Peptide Switches the Phosphatidylethanolamine-Induced Membrane Fusion Mechanism from a Nonclassical to a Classical Stalk Model

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Membrane fusion is considered to be one of the crucial processes for the existence of eukaryotes and the entry of enveloped viruses into host cells. The fusion mechanism depends on the lipid composition of the membrane as well as the properties of fusion proteins or peptides. The gp41 fusion peptide from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is known to catalyze membrane fusion by altering the physical properties of the membrane. Earlier, we demonstrated that a membrane containing 30 mol % phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) circumvents the classical stalk model because of its intrinsic negative curvature. In this work, we demonstrated how the gp41 fusion peptide influences the fusion mechanism of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC)/1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phos-pho¬ethanolamine (DOPE) (70/30 mol %) membranes. We further evaluated the effect of the same peptide on the mechanism of fusion for membranes containing 30 mol % PE and a fatty acid with an intrinsic positive curvature (oleic acid (OA)). Our results show that gp41 switches the fusion mechanism from a nonclassical to a classical stalk model when membranes contain OA, but fails to do so for DOPC/DOPE membranes. This could be due to the extreme influence of the intrinsic negative curvature of PE, which is partially downregulated in the presence of OA.
Role of the neutrophil in the development of sepsis following abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background There is evidence to suggest that the neutrophil (PMN) plays a critical early step in development of the ischaemia–reperfusion syndrome and sepsis. Not all patients undergoing aortic aneurysm repair develop these postoperative complications. The PMN receptor CD16 plays an important role in phagocytosis, cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the release of free radicals and proteolytic enzymes. This study determined if there is any relationship between PMN CD16 expression, phagocytosis and the development of sepsis. Methods Some 50 patients (39 men and 11 women, median age 70 years) who underwent elective infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair were studied. Venous blood was taken before operation, throughout surgery and for 7 days afterwards. CD16 was measured, unstimulated and following further stimulation with phorbol myrisate, lipopolysaccharide and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine using flow cytometry. Phagocytosis was measured using flow cytometry and the production of elastase using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sepsis was defined according to the ACCP/SCCM definition. Results There were 36 uncomplicated operations and 14 patients with sepsis. There was no difference between the two groups in respect of nutritional, co-morbid or technical factors. In the group that developed septic complications, the level of PMN CD16 expression was significantly higher before operation (30·2 versus 10·4 mcf; P &lt; 0·05, Mann–Whitney U test) and throughout the postoperative period. Surgery produced no change in CD16 expression in either the septic or uncomplicated group. Stimulation of the PMNs before operation caused an increase in CD16 expression in both groups. After operation, stimulation of PMNs in the septic group resulted in a fall in CD16 expression (40·8 versus 20·4 mcf; P &lt; 0·05, Mann–Whitney U test); surgery produced no change in the level of expression in the uncomplicated group. Phagocytic ability was comparable before operation (91·2 versus 94·2 mcf), but showed a greater reduction in the septic group after operation (73·4 versus 86·2 mcf; P &lt; 0·05, Mann–Whitney U test). Elastase concentration was also similar before operation (48 versus 49 μg l−1); after operation, there was a greater increase in the septic group (166 versus 104 μg l−1; P &lt; 0·05, Mann–Whitney U test). Conclusion This study provides evidence of functional differences in PMN behaviour in patients who subsequently develop sepsis following aneurysm surgery. This difference occurs early in the postoperative course and it may be possible to identify these patients before operation.
Commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells for transportation applications

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Environmental concerns with air quality and global warming have triggered strict federal ambient ozone air quality standards. Areas on non-attainment of these standards exist across the United States. Because it contains several of the most difficult attainment areas, the State of California has adopted low emission standards including a zero emission vehicle mandate that has given rise to development of hybrid electric vehicles, both battery-powered and fuel-cell powered. Fuel cell powered vehicles, using on-board hydrogen as a fuel, share the non-polluting advantage of the battery electric vehicle while offering at least three times the range today`s battery technology.
Extensive Aberrant Mongolian Spot

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A 9‐month‐old male infant had generalized diffuse blue‐gray pigmentation over most of his body, sparing the scalp, face, neck, palms, soles, periumbilical area, genital area, and nipples. Within the lesion, there were several conspicuous macules of considerably darker hue. Histologic examination revealed numerous dermal melanocytes. By 16 months of age, the child's blue‐gray pigmentation had decreased substantially.