jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Near-field Imaging of Optical Resonances in Silicon Metasurfaces Using Photoelectron Microscopy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Precise control of light-matter interactions at the nanoscale lies at the heart of nanophotonics. Experimental examination at this length scale is challenging, however, since the corresponding electromagnetic near-field is often confined within volumes below the resolution of conventional optical microscopy. In semiconductor nanophotonics electromagnetic fields are further restricted within the confines of individual subwavelength resonators, limiting access to critical light-matter interactions in these structures. In this work, we demonstrate that photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) can be used for polarization resolved near-field spectroscopy and imaging of electromagnetic resonances supported by broken-symmetry silicon metasurfaces. We find that the photoemission results, enabled through an in-situ potassium surface layer, are consistent with full-wave simulations and far-field reflectance measurements across visible and near-infrared wavelengths. In addition, we uncover a polarization dependent evolution of collective resonances near the metasurface array edge taking advantage of the far-field excitation and full-field imaging of PEEM. Here, we deduce that coupling between eight resonators or more establishes the collective excitations of this metasurface. All told, we demonstrate that the high-spatial resolution hyperspectral imaging and far-field illumination of PEEM can be leveraged for the metrology of collective, non-local, optical resonances in semiconductor nanophotonic structures.
Diagnostic Value of Combined Detection of CRP and GHbA1c in Screening of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the application value of combined detection of C reactive protein(CRP) and glycosylated hemoglobin(GHbAlc) in screening of gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods 39 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) in our hospital were assigned to group GDM,while 45 healthy pregnant women wh were assigned to normal group.CRP,GHbAlc were determined by immune turbidimetry.Positive rate,sensitivity and specificity by CRP detection,GHbAlc detection,and combined detection of CRP and GHbAlc were analyzed respectively.Results CRP and GHbAlc levels in the group GDM,(7.15±3.51) mg/L,(6.69±1.58)%,were significantly higher than those in the normal group,and the differences were statistical significant(P0.05).Positive rate,sensitivity and specificity under combined detection of CRP and GHbAlc,97.44%,97.44%,92.31%were significantly higher than those under CRP detection and GHbAlc detection,and the differences between the three groups were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion With high sensitivity and specificity,combined detection of CRP and GHbAlc can be used for the screening of gestational diabetes mellitus.
A review of experimental studies on biological effects of tritium exposure

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective This review briefly describes the basic experimental results of a systemic study on radiobiological effects of tritium,which was carried out by the Group of Tritium Study at Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene for over 10 years. Methods The study focused on the possible health effects from low dose level tritium exposure and investigations covered many aspects including distribution,metabolism,dosimetry,genetic damage(primary oocyte survival and spermatogonia survival rates,dominant lethal mutations of oocytes or spermatocytes, and dominant skeleton mutations of spermatocytes,chromosomal aberrations analyzed by C banding of spermatocytes at metaphase Ⅰ),teratogenic effect (postnatal development,neurobehavoiral changes,cellular changes of brain and neuropeptide) after exposure to tritiated water (HTO) in vivo, and effects of tritium exposure from HTO or organically bound tritiated compounds (OBT) on cellular proliferation and differentiation,Ca 2+ conductance,cell cycle,p53 expression,and apoptosis induction in neurons in vitro. Results Many biological endpoints were used to estimate the genetic risk (when using dominant skeleton mutations of spermatocytes as the biological endpoint,the mutation rates (×10 4 /10 6 Gy) of 0.19,0 38,0 66 and 1.01 Gy groups were 2.7298,0.8062,0.6843 and 1.3042,respectively),relative biological effectiveness (a variety of RBE values for tritium were obtained ranging from 2.24 to 2.99 and from 4.6 to 8.7 by using in vivo genetic and reproductive effects,and in vitro cellular proliferation and differentiation parameters as the biological endpoints,respectively),and teratogenetic threshold (in about 80% of the observed 56 parameters in rats and mice indicating that the threshold dose for prenatal HTO exposure ranged from 0.03 Gy to 0.092 Gy,and from 0.093 to 0.30 Gy for the other 20% parameters). Conclusion The damage induced by low dose tritium cannot be ignored.\;
Nanopipette/Nanorod-Combined Quartz Tuning Fork–Atomic Force Microscope

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a nanopipette/quartz tuning fork (QTF)–atomic force microscope (AFM) for nanolithography and a nanorod/QTF–AFM for nanoscratching with in situ detection of shear dynamics during performance. Capillary-condensed nanoscale water meniscus-mediated and electric field-assisted small-volume liquid ejection and nanolithography in ambient conditions are performed at a low bias voltage (~10 V) via a nanopipette/QTF–AFM. We produce and analyze Au nanoparticle-aggregated nanowire by using nanomeniscus-based particle stacking via a nanopipette/QTF–AFM. In addition, we perform a nanoscratching technique using in situ detection of the mechanical interactions of shear dynamics via a nanorod/QTF–AFM with force sensor capability and high sensitivity.
Effectiveness of an asthma integrated care program on asthma control and adherence to inhaled corticosteroids

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To measure the effectiveness of an integrated care program for individuals with asthma aged 12–45 years, on asthma control and adherence to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Methods: Researchers used a theoretical model to develop the program and assessed effectiveness at 12 months, using a pragmatic controlled clinical trial design. Forty-two community pharmacists in Quebec, Canada recruited participants with either uncontrolled or mild-to-severe asthma. One group was exposed to the program; another received usual care. Asthma control was measured with the Asthma Control Questionnaire; ICS adherence was assessed with the Morisky medication adherence scale and the medication possession ratio. Program effectiveness was assessed with an intention-to-treat approach using multivariate generalized estimating equation models. Results: Among 108 exposed and 241 non-exposed, 52.2% had controlled asthma at baseline. At 12-months, asthma control had improved in both groups but the interaction between study groups and time was not significant (p = 0.09). The proportion of participants with good ICS adherence was low at baseline. Exposed participants showed improvement in adherence and the interaction between study groups and time was significant (p = 0.02). Conclusion: An integrated intervention, with healthcare professionals collaborating to optimize asthma control, can improve ICS adherence.
Dealing with the "otherness" of your own children: Spanish children's books about transnational adoption

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Over the last two decades, a considerable number of books featuring adoptees have been published in different Western countries. These books present characters meant to serve as models for identification for young adopted children, who are believed to be in need of stories about their origins to explain how they belong to their families and to their adoptive countries, in order to be framed in a broader social and cultural context in which their personal stories and biographies are emphasized. Children who do not look like their parents are recurrently asked to explain this difference (which in most cases of transnational adoptions is also a difference with the symbolically white context in which they grow up). It may well be the case that the numerous books having internationally-adopted children as protagonists not only cater to the needs of these children, but they also cater to those of their parents. The books may be regarded as being targeted to those White middle-class couples who feel unable to navigate the complexities of ‘race’ in society and experience the need to understand, justify, and culturally construct their adoptive bonds with their children.
At the Margins: Presidential Leadership of Congress.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article At the Margins: Presidential Leadership of Congress. By George C. Edwards III. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989. xiv + 233 pp. $24.00.) Get access Gary M Fink Gary M Fink Georgia State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 77, Issue 1, June 1990, Pages 362–363, https://doi.org/10.2307/2078773 Published: 01 June 1990
Penghambatan Ekstrak Etanol Sereh (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf ) terhadap Produksi Verotoksin Escherichia coli Verotoksigenik

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Citronella was a spicy plant used as seasoning in Indonesian food. It was reported to have antimicrobial activity. Itsextract in form of volatile oil prepared by distilation can inhibit the growth of some bacteria. The objective of theresearch was to know the inhibition of ethanolic extract of the citronella on growth and verotoxin production ofverotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The assay of antimicrobial activity was done by using broth dilution and verocellassay. The results indicated that minimum inhibitory concentration of extract can inhibit effectively verotoxinproduction of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
Space management during dentition development: a case report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective ‐This case report describes a significant follow-up of a patient who had ectopic eruption.A 10-year-old child presenting a lower right second premolar with an eruption deviation was passively corrected.The 11 years follow-up showed the tooth with good rootlength,closedapexandfunctionallyactive.Forproperpositioningofthepermanenttooth,thedevelopmentalphasesofdentition aswellasitseruptionsequence,symmetry,andchronologywereearlyobservedbythepractitioner.Thisunusuallong-termfollow-up caseshowedthatspacemanagementduringdentitiondevelopmentandopportunediagnosiscanavoidmorecomplicatedorthodontic treatmentsinsomecases.
An experimental study of sentencing by magistrates.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A pilot study was carried out with 23 magistrates to develop a sentencing severity scale. An experiment was then conducted with 168 magistrates deciding sentences for simulated cases in 56 groups of three. The results showed that sentences were more severe when offenses were more serious, when offenders had a more serious criminal record, when offenders were male, and when offenders were of higher social status. The age of the offender, the race of the offender and victim, the plea, the prevalence of the offense, and whether breack of trust was involved, did not have significant effects on sentence severity. A comparison between real and simulated sentencing decisions showed that they were similar, and a comparison between individual and group decisions showed that the group decisions were more likely to be relatively severe than relatively lenient.
[Management of extensive avulsion injury of the hand].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The case of a 25 years old industrial worker is reported, who suffered an extensive avulsion of his left hand in a rubber roller injury. The middle and ring fingers hand to be amputated. The skin loss was covered simultaneously by an axillary pedicled flap for the thumb, two pedicle flaps from the upper arm for the index and small fingers and split thickness skin grafts for the dorsum of the hand. In a second stage, sensation of the tips of thumb and index finger was restored by two innervated full thickness skin grafts from the dorsum of the foot.
864-P: Hyperglycemia Drives Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We performed quantified glycemic variability using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in people with T2DM at high (n=10) or low (n=8) 5-year risk for hypoglycemia to examine if high 5 year risk for hypoglycemia was associated with more short-term (2 weeks) glycemic variability and hypoglycemia. Methods: Participants with T2DM [10W/8M, mean(SD): age: 59.5 (12.3) years], HbA1c: 7.6% (1.3%), fructosamine: 303 (46) umol/l] were preclassified as high or low 5 year risk for hypoglycemia. Each participant wore 2 blinded CGMs (1 Freestyle LibrePro/arm) for 2 weeks. Results: HbA1c and fructosamine did not differ between groups. (Table1) The test/retest coefficient of variation (CV) measures the variation between glucose variability metrics from two sensors on the same person, adjusted for the mean of a given metric. The 2 sensors had the strongest test-re-test (&lt;0.1) for CV, SD, Mean, and MODD. In both the high and low risk group, HbA1c correlated with glycemic measures (r:0.4 to 0.7). In the low risk group, fructosamine (r:0.6 to 0.9) correlated with glycemic measures better than HbA1c. Conclusions: Regardless of 5 year risk status, short-term hypoglycemia was infrequent and not different between groups. Hba1c and fructosamine correlated with glycemic variability. Glycemic variability was less in the low risk than high risk group, supporting that high glucose (≥180 mg/dL) drives much of the glycemic variability in T2DM. Disclosure E.A. Olawsky: None. Y. Zhang: None. A.C. Alvear: None. L.E. Eberly: None. L.S. Chow: None. Funding Academic Health Center (FRD17.08); National Institutes of Health (UL1TR002494)
The influence of pore water salt concentration on the measurement of soil suction using the filter paper method

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a study of the influence of pore water composition on the suction measured using filter papers. Comparisons are made between the soil water retention characteristic of a silty soil with pure pore water and the characteristics of the same soil reconstituted with various salt solutions. The curves are represented in terms of total suction and matrix suction and are used to estimate the osmotic suction component over a wide range of moisture contents. A comparison is made between the osmotic suction derived from the measurement of total and matrix suction and the osmotic suction calculated from the concentration of salt in the soil.
Forty-five Years of Dialogue Facilitation (1972–2017)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this article is to investigate how the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe ( csce ) succeeded in channelling the Cold War in a peaceful direction by facilitating a Pan-European dialogue during the second half of the Cold War (1972–1990), and what lessons we can learn from it today in terms of dialogue facilitation, so as to raise the profile of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and reduce international tensions. It is based on the hypothesis that the csce facilitated the ‘multilateralisation of European security’ through dialogue, and stabilised European relations by turning security into a joint venture. This article concludes with ten recommendations for facilitating dialogue through the osce so as to multilateralise European security again today.
Ageing People Living with HIV/AIDS, PLWHA; More Dental Challenges; the Romanian Dental Professional’s Point of View

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: In Romania, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) were first acknowledged in 1989. Getting older with HIV/AIDS is now possible due to antiretroviral treatment, but it can bring dental problems due to HIV itself or to the reluctance of dental professionals to treat dental problems. Our study aims to assess the attitudes, knowledge, and practices of Romanian dental professionals regarding aging PLWHA. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional observational survey based on a self-administered questionnaire was conducted for Romanian dental professionals from October 2022 to January 2023. Results: The responders’ group profile was as follows: a mean age of 39.09 ± 0.36 years (limit: 19–75), a majority of 991 (90.01%) from urban dental offices, and 364 (33.06%) with more than twenty years’ experience. A total of 517 (46.95%) responders had an unprofessional attitude and declared that, if possible, they would avoid taking part in performing dental treatments for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). There were 89 (8.08%) dental professionals that refused to work with PLWHA. Only 363 (32.97%) had worked with one previously. The dental professionals in rural areas refused PLWHA more frequently: 20% (N = 22) of rural dental professionals vs. 6.76% (N = 67) of urban dental professionals refused to work with PLWHA (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.16-.56). The logistic regression applied for the 1101 responders revealed after stepwise selection that the most influential factor for their refusal to work with PLWHA in our study group was being previously exposed to HIV during dental practice (OR = 14.45; 95% CI: 8.55- 24.42; p = 0.000). Conclusions: Dental educators and health care planners should promote the knowledge of prophylaxis and positive attitudes towards the treatment of PLWHA. Successful resolution of these concerns is time consuming and expensive but necessary if dentists are to satisfy their professional obligations to HIV/AIDS patients.
Causes of death between 1911 - 1950 in a Swedish province with a population characterized by longevity: Effects on life expectancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims: Life expectancy in Sweden is among the highest in the world, and the province of Halland has the highest life expectancy in Sweden today. In an earlier paper the authors reported that life expectancy in the province of Halland in the south-west of the country was approx. 3.5 years above the national average between 1911 and 1950. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of different causes of death on life expectancy in Sweden and the distribution of these causes of death in Halland compared with Sweden as a whole during the same period of time. Method: Causes of death between 1911 and 1950 in the whole of Sweden and in Halland were obtained from the archives of Statistics Sweden. A trend analysis was performed on the impact of the various causes of death on life expectancy in Sweden. Calendar year, age, and sex were controlled for in a Poisson model. The distribution and incidence of the most frequent causes of death were compared between Halland and Sweden as a whole. Results: The decreasing mortality risk due to infectious diseases and the simultaneous increase in the risk of mortality from tumours and circulatory diseases contributed most to the change in life expectancy in Sweden. In Halland there was a lower mortality risk in the seven most important causes of death, which accounted for approx 80% of all deaths during the study period. Conclusions: The lower mortality risk from infectious diseases mostly favoured the improvement in life expectancy in Halland up to the mid-1930s. Thereafter, a low mortality risk from tumours and particularly circulatory diseases gained increasing importance although there was always a difference in favour of Halland from the beginning of the study period. Thus, the positive trend in life expectancy that favours Halland today seems to have existed for a long period of time.
Abstract 5303: GSTP1 positive prostate cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: GSTP1 is a member of the Glutathione-S-transferase family, known to be silenced by CpG island DNA methylation in approximately 90% of prostatic adenocarcinomas. However, the cases that are not densely methylated have not been extensively characterized in terms GSTP1 expression or clinico-pathological features. Description of experimental procedures: We analytically validated an automated IHC assay against human GSTP1 using well-known cell line controls and human prostate cancer tissues. We examined 33 TMAs from 1296 prostatectomy patients using the index tumor with 4-fold redundancy from patients from 1993 to 2015. TMA slides stained for GSTP1 were scanned and uploaded to a web based image scoring platform (TMAJ). The images were reviewed by two different pathologists with expertise in prostate cancer. The scoring system followed a two-tiered approach, noted as positive (carcinomas with any nuclear and/or cytoplasmic staining), and as negative (carcinoma cells with no nuclear or cytoplasmic stain) in the presence of benign stromal or inflammatory cells that served as internal controls. The GSTP1 positive staining was correlated with Gleason grade groups, pathological stage, and age. Results: After exclusion for inadequate tissue staining, GSTP1 was evaluated in 4326 TMA cores with carcinoma. GSTP1 IHC staining was positive in 190 cores (4.3%), corresponding to 75 patients (5.9% of patients had GSTP1 positive cancer). Of these 190 positive cores, 109 showed homogeneous (100% positive) tumor cell staining while 81 showed heterogeneous staining, with mixed positive and negative regions. In 43 patients (3.3%), all TMA cores containing carcinoma stained positively. In a number of standard slides from prostatectomies, GSTP1 positive IHC staining cases were also found to be positive for GSTP1 mRNA by in situ hybridization. There was no correlation between GSTP1 positive staining, Gleason grade group, pathological stage, margin status or patient age. Preliminary analysis in a subset of cases showed no correlation with TMPRSS2-ERG status or PTEN loss. Conclusion: GSTP1 protein is present in approximately 5.9% of clinically localized prostate cancers and in approximately 50% of these positive cases, all TMA cores with carcinoma stained positively. Citation Format: Igor D. Vidal, Stephanie Glavaris, Tracy Jones, Jessica Hicks, Bruce J. Trock, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, William Nelson, Angelo M. De Marzo. GSTP1 positive prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5303.
Discrete event simulation environments: requirements

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The concept of a standard discrete-event simulation environment (SDESE) is presented. The SDESE is different from a language in the sense that it is not syntax dependent, but proposes to define the features and components of an environment which includes a model base, model construction and experimentation facilities. The underlying language syntax is viewed as an independent implementation detail. However the construct of the underlying language (its implementation, data structure, processing capabilities, etc.) may affect the ability of the language to support a SDESE. The environment offers a standard set of interfaces that allow it to integrate tools from multiple sources. Given that two environments, although implemented differently, possess common definitions of model and specific internal features, verification of the input/output definitions of each individual part is possible. a verification process applied to a given SDESE can also be used for another implementation of a SDESE. The molecular has access to a larger pool of resources than is currently available to single-source languages.< >