jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and Experiences with Flavored Non-Menthol Tobacco Products: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although a few countries have banned flavored cigarettes (except menthol), flavors in most tobacco products remain unregulated across the globe. We conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies examining perceptions of and experiences with flavored non-menthol tobacco products. Of 20 studies on flavored tobacco products included in our qualitative systematic review, 10 examined hookah, six examined e-cigarettes, two examined little cigars and cigarillos (LCCs), and three examined other tobacco products, including cigarettes. The majority of studies, regardless of product type, reported positive perceptions of flavored tobacco products, particularly among young adults and adolescents. In six studies that assessed perceptions of harm (including hookah, LCCs, and other flavored tobacco products), participants believed flavored tobacco products to be less harmful than cigarettes. In studies that examined the role of flavors in experimentation and/or initiation (including three studies on e-cigarettes, one hookah study and one LCC study), participants mentioned flavors as specifically leading to their experimentation and/or initiation of flavored tobacco products. Given that many countries have not yet banned flavors in tobacco products, these findings add to existing research on why individuals use flavored tobacco products and how they perceive harm in flavored tobacco products, providing further support for banning non-menthol flavors in most tobacco products.
The spread of fake news: a case study of the presidential elections of 2018 in Brazil

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As fake news becomes more pervasive with the increasing adoption of digital platforms, understanding how disinformation spread and the factors that contribute to its continuation has become crucial, given the detrimental effects for democracies. This study investigates the spread of fake news during the Presidential Elections of 2018 in Brazil and how distinct social media and websites are used as distribution platforms and sources of disinformation. For such, a pre-existing data set of 346 fake news stories collected during the elections served as a starting point. Initially, through a reverse search process, the main websites responsible for disseminating disinformation were mapped. These sources were then analysed in terms of traffic and partisanship. Beyond a prevalence of right-wing fake news sources, a high concentration of web traffic was found. Five websites were responsible for almost 80% of all pageviews (or impressions) from all the 58 identified fake news sources. Furthermore, in order to investigate the circulation of disinformation on Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp, the data set was filtered into the 58 most relevant unique fake news stories, which were later classified by political bias, engagement (number of shares), and segregated in four narratives. Firstly, it was found that all the analysed social media served as relevant distribution platforms for fake news, once 32 out of the 58 fake news stories circulated in all of them. Yet, Facebook was found to be more relevant than Twitter for that purpose. Secondly, the four major narratives that shaped the fake news stories were mostly related to an intense polarization and declining rates of trust in public institutions and media vehicles. Among these, fake news related to anti-left/anti-workers were predominant. Similarly to the first analysis, partisanship was noticeable during the spread of disinformation, as there were ten times more pro-Bolsonaro (or anti-Haddad) fake news stories than the polar opposite. Finally, the findings indicate that, while Facebook and Twitter were relevant distribution platforms, WhatsApp had a major impact on closed groups due to the reinforced cognitive effects and externalities that corroborate to the susceptibility and spread of fake news on social media.
Physical and Microbiology Characterization of Chicken Sausage that Added by Oyster Mushroom

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Oyster mushrooms are a healthy alternative food source for reducing the fat content of sausages due to their low fat content. Chicken sausage is a processed meat product that typically contains meat, binders, and fillers. This study aimed to investigate the physical and microbiological properties of chicken sausage with varying concentrations of oyster mushrooms, which are added to improve its quality. The study employed a completely randomized design with three treatments. If a treatment showed a difference, the Duncan Multiple Range Test was conducted. The treatments consisted of J0: 0% oyster mushroom, J1: 1% oyster mushroom, and J2: 2% oyster mushroom. Statistically, the use of different concentrations of oyster mushrooms did not result in a significant difference (P>0.05) in the water binding capacity, breaking power, pH, and total plate count of chicken sausages. However, the addition of oyster mushroom concentrations can improve the physical and microbiological quality of the sausages. The addition of different concentrations of oyster mushroom to chicken meat sausage resulted in a water binding capacity of 39.28-46.12%, breaking strength of 0.4-0.5 kg/cm2, pH value of 6.46-6.56, and total plate count of 1.57-1.86 cfu/g. The treatment that yields the highest water binding capacity (45.06%), breaking power (0.04 kg/cm2), pH (6.56), and total plate count (1.57 cfu/g) is the addition of 1% oyster mushroom concentration. The concentration of oyster mushroom used in the preparation of chicken meat sausages should not exceed 1% of the total sausage mixture.
A new perspective on clothing the emperor: Canadian metropolitan form, function and frontiers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Recent analysis of the municipal governing of Canadian census metropolitan areas (cmas) has led to a variety of alternative schemes for reconstituted bi‐level institutions. This essay first considers the historical and ideological context for the emergence of two‐tier urban governments after World War II. It is then argued that area‐wide governments have outgrown their original purposes and have become redundant in the 1990s. It is argued that provincial authorities should assume direct policy control over problems that cannot presently be resolved by the best cooperative efforts of existing municipalities. Sommaire: Une analyse récente de la gestion des régions métropolitaines de recencement (rmr) au Canada a permis d'apporter diverses hypothèses B la réorganisation des institutions municipales à deux niveaw. Dans l'article, on examine d'abord le contexte historique et idéologique dam lequel sont apparus les gouvernements urbains A deux niveawc après la Deuxième guerre mondiale. On y affirme ensuite que les gouvernements régionaux ne correspondent plus h leur fin première, étant devenus désuets au cours des années 90. On y présente l'argument à l'effet que les autorités provinciales devraient s'occuper directement des problèmes que ne peuvent actuellement résoudre les municipalités existantes malgré leurs meilleurs efforts de coopération.
The effects on hearing following low-dose intratympanic gentatmicin injection in patients with intractable Meniere's disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To explore the impact on the hearing following low-dose intratympanic gentamicin injection in patients with intractable Meniere's disease.METHODS Sixty Patients with unilateral intractable Meniere's disease were analyzed retrospectively.The endpoint of treatment was determined by vertigo control.The Hearing thresholds of speech frequency,4 kHz and 8 kHz before and after the injection were analyzed.RESULTS Among 60 patients,the hearing thresholds of speech frequency,4 kHz and 8 kHz before the injection were(61.92±2.03) dB,(68.00±2.69) dB,(75.73±2.86) dB,and were(57.41 ±2.01) dB,(65.11±2.87) dB and(72.51 ±3.18) dB after the injection,with the rate of hearing loss being 6.67%,8.33%and 6.67%.The result differences between the two conditions were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION Low-dose gentamicin intratympanic injection for the patients with intractable Meniere's disease is effective and safe with less risk of hearing loss.
Multi-storage availability with ESSO SOLVENTS!

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTMulti-storage availability with ESSO SOLVENTS!Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 1952, 30, 50, 5275Publication Date (Print):December 15, 1952Publication History Published online5 November 2010Published inissue 15 December 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v030n050.p5275Copyright © 1952 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (60 KB) SUBJECTS:Solvents Get e-Alerts
Community Service Program to Increase the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Organic Fertilizer from Goat Faeces in Wonorejo Village, Baluran National Park Buffer Zone

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Community Service Program was carried out in Wonorejo Village, Banyuputih District, Situbondo. The program implementer is a Community Service team and students participating in MMD 1000 Villages in 2023 funded by MMD 1000 Villages Grant Universitas Brawijaya. The target recipients of the program are members of the Soponyono Kendal farmers group that produces organic fertilizer and the purpose of the program was to aid facilities and training for effective organic fertilizers processing acivities. The methods used are Focus Group Discussion, hybrid extension, providing modules, providing production advice, and assistance in making NIB/BIN (Business Identification Number) as legalization of business production. The result is that the program has succeeded in achieving the planned output target. Moreover, this activity is also able to involve the village government and BABINSA (Bintara Pembina Desa/Village Development Officer).
Metropolitanization, civic capacity and metropolitan governance: Ireland in the metropolitan century

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The dynamics and politics of metropolitanization in Ireland have received limited attention, attributed in part to Ireland's historic culturally embedded urban–rural divide. The publication of the National Planning Framework (2018) demonstrates an effort by the Irish government to centre spatial thinking on Ireland's five major cities. However, despite evidence of enhanced civic engagement, the Irish case demonstrates the challenges of creating a metropolitan state-space in a country with a traditionally strong rural identity. Drawing on Nelles' concept of civic capital and the importance of mobilizing a metropolitan identity, in this paper we draw attention to four factors that constrain the formation of the metropolitan civic identity necessary for spatial planning efforts to succeed: the lack of an urban identity, discordant temporalities, the absence of key enablers and misaligned governance structures. Our study adopts an exploratory research design using critical discourse analysis of key documents, participant observation, semi-structured interviews and survey methodology to further the understanding of metropolitanization processes, provide insights into alternative forms of metropolitan governance and discuss the limits of civic capital. We conclude that it is critical to understand the nature of the state in order to understand the accumulation (or not) of metropolitan civic capital.
Didyma, Türkei: Konsolidierung der Umfassungsmauer des Tempelgebietes (sog. Mandramauer)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the first German excavation period in Didyma a monumental enclosure wall of reused architectural components from the temple of Apollo was erected around the area of the temple, in part as a retaining wall against the higher ground level of the site beyond it. Since the 1970s the wall has been damaged and sections of it collapsed over time. In 2012 a project for investigating, mapping and documenting the condition and damage of this wall was started in preparation for the restoration of collapsed or unstable sections. Since the statics of one section of the wall, 5 metres high, with the terrace of the ‛oracle pension’ above were no longer safe, there was an urgent need to erect a stabilisation-construction of steel which was realised in 2014 by the DAI.
Rainbow Trout (&lt;i&gt;Oncorhynchus mykiss&lt;/i&gt;) Cage Culture: Preliminary Observations of Surface Sediment’s Chemical Parameters and Phosphorus Release in Gokcekaya Reservoir, Turkey

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research was conducted in Gokcekaya Reservoir, which is located on the Sakarya River (Ankara, Turkey).Sediment samples were obtained before and after culture periods at a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farm with a capacity of 950 t•y -1 .Total phosphorus (TP: 8.80 ± 0.50 and 9.10% ± 0.20%), total nitrogen (TN: 17.0 ± 0.20 and 17.05% ± 0.10%), organic matter (OM: 14.40 ± 0.40 and 14.60% ± 0.20%), redox potential (327.00 ± 0.08 and 170.00 ± 4.08 mV), water content (97.68 ± 0.28 and 96.38% ± 0.41%) and total organic carbon (TOC: 11.30 ± 0.10 and 13.40% ± 0.10%) were measured before and after the culture period, respectively.The mean rank order of sediment heavy metal was evaluated as Fe > Mn > Ni > Zn > Cr > Cu.The soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in the sediment pore water were 2.52 ± 0.14 and 7.75 ± 1.18 µg•L -1 ; ammonium (NH 3 ) was measured as 1.13 ± 0.09 and 1.18 ± 0.06 µg•L -1 ; nitrite (NO 2 ) was 8.83 ± 0.23, 12.75 ± 0.22 µg•L -1 ; nitrate (NO 3 ) was elevated at 0.14 ± 0.07 and 0.24 ± 0.02 µg•L -1 , and positive phosphorus release remained at low levels: 3.35 µg•m -2 d -1 (before the culture period, September 2011) and 11.04 µg•m -2 d -1 (after the culture period, April 2012).The data on the sediment and the sediment pore water of the rainbow trout culture in Gokcekaya Reservoir shows that the cage culture in its present condition has no negative effect on sediment quality.
Initial ablation ratio predicts the recurrence of low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinomas treated with microwave ablation: a 5-year, single-institution cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of microwave ablation (MWA) in treating low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMC) and to identify predictive factors for the postoperative local tumor progression of PTMC. Methods A total of 154 low-risk PTMC patients treated with MWA who were followed up for at least 3 months were retrospectively recruited. Ultrasonography was performed after MWA to assess the local tumor progression. Adverse events associated with MWA were recorded. The ablated volume (Va) and initial ablation ratio (IAR) were measured to assess their influences on the recurrence risk of PTMC. Results The mean tumor volume of PTMC before MWA was 0.071 (0.039, 0.121) cm 3 , with a maximum diameter of 0.60 ± 0.18 cm. All PTMC patients were followed up for 6 (3, 18) months. Va increased immediately after MWA, then gradually decreased over time, till significantly smaller at 12 months than that before MWA ( P < 0.05). The median volume reduction ratio at 24 months reached 100%, which was maintained during a 60-month follow-up. A total of 7 (4.55%) cases of local tumor progression were recorded during the follow-up. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that the rate of local tumor progression was significantly lower in PTMC patients with a maximum tumor diameter < 0.70 cm than in those with ≥0.70 cm ( P = 0.031). A significant better prognosis was achieved in PTMC patients with IAR ≥ 15 than in those with IAR < 15 ( P = 0.015). Sex, age (<55 years) and preoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone (>2.0 mU/L) of PTMC patients were not correlated with local tumor progression. Conclusion MWA is an effective therapeutic strategy for low-risk PTMC with high safety. The maximum tumor diameter and IAR are predictive factors for the local tumor progression of PTMC after MWA.
1907-P: Using Human Genetics to Test the Disease Consequences of Varying Testosterone Levels in Men and Women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Circulating testosterone and SHBG levels are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). These associations differ between sexes and by total and bioavailable testosterone. For example, in UK Biobank a 1-SD raised bioavailable testosterone is associated with lower risk of T2D in men (OR=0.90 [0.88,0.92]) but higher risk in women (OR=1.24 [1.20,1.29]). Genetic studies provide more robust tests of causality and have indicated that higher circulating SHBG is protective of T2D (OR=0.92 [0.88,0.96], Perry et al 2010), but were limited to few genetic variants. In this study we aimed to: i) expand the set of genetic variants associated with circulating testosterone; ii) separate variants into clusters representing SHBG or direct testosterone effects; and iii) perform Mendelian Randomisation studies to better understand the potential causal effects of SHBG and testosterone on T2D and related traits. We used genome-wide analyses of sex hormones from 425,097 UK Biobank participants. We identified 2,571 genome-wide significant (P&lt;5x10-8) associations (vs. 17 pre-2019). The genetics of testosterone levels were very different between men and women (genetic correlation ∼0). To identify variants with specific testosterone-increasing effects independent of SHBG, we used a hierarchical-clustering strategy. In men, 122 loci were associated with higher testosterone in a dose-response manner with no effect on SHBG, with 241 such signals in women. We found that SHBG and testosterone levels can influence T2D and related traits. A genetically determined 1-SD higher testosterone increased the risk of T2D (OR=1.37 [1.22,1.53]) and polycystic ovary syndrome (OR=1.51 [1.33,1.72]) in women, but reduced T2D risk in men (OR=0.86 [0.76,0.98]). Using clustered variants suggested that diabetes effects were primarily mediated by testosterone in men. Our findings provide insights into the disease impacts of testosterone and highlight the importance of sex-specific analyses of diabetes. Disclosure K.S. Ruth: None. F. Day: None. J. Tyrrell: None. A. Murray: None. K. Ong: None. T. Frayling: Consultant; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sanofi, Servier. Research Support; Self; GlaxoSmithKline plc. J. Perry: None. Funding European Research Council (SZ-245 50371-GLUCOSEGENES-FP7-IDEAS-ERC); UK Wellcome Trust/Royal Society (104150/Z/14/Z); UK Wellcome Trust/Global Challenge Research Fund (SBF004\1079); Medical Research Council UK (MC_UU_12015/1, MC_UU_12015/2)
Spin Logic Gates Operated by Protonation and Magnetism in Molecular Combinational Circuits

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The protonation and magnetism effects on the spin transport properties of benzo[b]phenazine (BPE) and bis(o‐phenylenediamine) manganese (IV) complex (Mn‐OPD) molecules in series and in parallel are theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) combined with nonequilibrium Green's function method (NEGF). The spin‐resolved current‐voltage curves show that the magnetic field mainly regulate the spin‐polarized direction of current, and the protonation effect will significantly reduce the magnitude of spin‐polarized current. Moreover, under two orthogonal inputs, the molecular combinational circuits can behave as AND and OR spin logic gates, suggesting the application potential of integrating logic operations for future spin‐based nanoelectronics. In addition, we have observed the Fano resonance phenomenon in the parallel molecular junction, and the Fano resonance feature can be canceled by protonation effect. This work proposes a feasible way to construct a complex single‐molecule spin logic gate device.
Online cognitive behavioral therapy for prolonged grief after traumatic loss: a randomized waitlist-controlled trial

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Prolonged grief disorder, a condition characterized by severe, persistent, and disabling grief, is newly included in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR. Prolonged grief symptoms can be effectively treated with face-to-face or internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy. Traumatic losses may elicit higher prevalence of severe grief reactions. While face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy appears efficacious in treating prolonged grief symptoms in traumatically bereaved individuals, it is not yet clear if internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy is efficacious for this population. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of a 12-week internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for people bereaved through traffic accidents in a randomized waitlist-controlled trial (registration number: NL7497, Dutch Trial Register). Forty adults bereaved though a traffic accident were randomized to internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (n = 19) or a waitlist control condition (n = 21). Prolonged grief, post-traumatic stress, and depression symptoms were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 8-week follow-up. Dropout in the treatment condition was relatively high (42%) compared to the control condition (19%). Nevertheless, multilevel analyses showed that internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy strongly reduced prolonged grief, post-traumatic stress, and depression symptoms relative to the control condition at post-treatment and follow-up. We conclude that internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy appears a promising treatment for traumatically bereaved adults.
Torticollis and Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation after Chiropractic Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Torticollis is an abnormal, asymmetric head or neck position which usually caused by imbalance of paracervical muscles. The traumatic torticollis can be caused by following events; atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation, atlantoaxial dislocation, cervical vertebral fractures, and injury to the cervical musculature. Especially, acute traumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation usually presents limitation of cervical range of motion without pain or neurologic deficit. We report a case of a 58 year-old man who developed the acute atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation right after the chiropractic therapy, which induced the limitation of cervical range of motion to 52.5% of normal range. The magnetic resonance image revealed the facture of the odontoid process and the partial injury in transverse ligaments of the atlas. He underwent intramuscular botulinum toxin injection and 10 days of continuous cervical traction 15 hours a day using a 5 kg weight. The range of the cervical motion restored up to 90.2% of normal range.