jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
In vivo effects of follicle-stimulating hormone-related synthetic peptides on the mouse estrous cycle.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We have previously shown that a synthetic peptide amide corresponding to residues 34-37 (TRDL) of the human (h) FSH beta-subunit inhibited binding of [125I]hFSH to bovine calf testis membrane receptors and antagonized FSH-stimulated estradiol biosynthesis in primary cultures of rat Sertoli cells. These in vitro effects would have additional significance if they could be confirmed in an in vivo model system. We have obtained several lines of evidence supporting in vivo effects of TRDL on the mouse estrous cycle. 1) A single i.p. injection of 200 microg/g BW TRDL induced persistent vaginal estrus, characterized by the complete absence of epithelial casts in 87% of the mice treated, as determined by vaginal cytology. 2) A synthetic peptide representing a larger receptor-binding domain of the hFSH beta-subunit, hFSHbeta-(33-53), that contains the TRDL sequence had a similar effect, but hFSHbeta-(38-53) lacking the TRDL sequence, did not. 3) A series of unrelated synthetic peptides, tested at a comparable dose (200 microg/g BW), were also without effect, as was a D-amino acid analog of TRDL, TR(D)DL. 4) Serum estradiol levels at proestrus in TRDL-treated mice were significantly lower than those in vehicle-injected control mice. 5) The effect of estrogen on uterine ballooning and weight gain, seen in all vehicle-injected control mice at proestrus, did not occur in 97% of the mice treated with TRDL. 6) The ovaries of TRDL-treated mice taken during persistent vaginal estrus contained a greater number of large hemorrhagic preovulatory follicles and fewer corpora lutea than those in ovaries taken at estrus from vehicle-injected control mice. Taken together, these results indicate disruption of the normal mouse estrous cycle by the TRDL peptide and represent the first demonstration of in vivo effects of gonadotropin-related synthetic peptides on reproductive processes.
IDDF2024-ABS-0207 S1P/S1PR4 promotes the differentiation of CD8+TRM cells aggravating bile duct injury in biliary atresia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Biliary atresia (BA) is the most common serious neonatal biliary disease, characterized by progressive biliary inflammation and fibrosis. We aim to comprehensively and systematically investigate the complex pathological process of BA from multiple molecular dimensions, combining transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and single-cell RNA sequencing.

Methods

Transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic techniques were utilized for detecting and integrating the molecular characteristics of BA liver tissues. By combining single-cell RNA sequencing data, we were able to pinpoint the immune cells regulated by the abnormal metabolite in BA. In vitro experiments were detected to reveal the role and mechanism of the abnormal metabolite signaling pathway in the progression of BA. In vivo, the effect of inhibiting abnormal signaling pathway on alleviating bile duct injury and fibrosis was verified in the rotavirus type A (RRV) induced mouse model.

Results

We found the aberrant regulation and activation of the sphingolipid metabolism pathway was observed in BA by transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data analysis. By integrating BA single-cell RNA sequencing data, we found that Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 4 (S1PR4), a receptor of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate signaling, was primarily expressed in CX3CR1+CD8+ effector T (Teff) cells. In vitro experiments demonstrated that S1P promoted the migration of CX3CR1+CD8+Teff cells, and S1P/S1PR4 signaling facilitated the differentiation of CX3CR1+CD8+Teff cells into CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells. Co-culture of CD8+TRM cells could induce apoptosis of cholangiocytes. In the RRV mouse model, S1PR4 inhibitor could alleviate liver inflammation and fibrosis by inhibiting the accumulation of CD8+TRM cells (IDDF2024-ABS-0207 Figure 1. S1P S1PR4 promotes the differentiation of CD8 TRM cells aggravating bile duct injury in biliary atresia).

Conclusions

This study used multi-omics data integration to reveal aberrant regulation of the sphingolipid metabolism pathway in BA. The activated S1P/S1PR4 signaling pathway in BA liver recruited CX3CR1+CD8+Teff cells to accumulate around the cholangiocytes. S1P/S1PR4 signaling promoted the differentiation of CX3CR1+CD8+Teff cells into CD8+TRM cells, subsequently triggering apoptosis and injury of cholangiocytes, thus exacerbating the progression of BA. Targeting S1P/S1PR4 signaling activation is a promising therapeutic strategy for BA treatment.
Rectal Foreign Body Removal in the Emergency Department: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Rectal foreign bodies (RFB) pose a challenge to emergency physicians. Patients are not often forthcoming, which can lead to delays to intervention. Thus, RFBs require a heightened clinical suspicion. In the emergency department (ED), extraction may require creative methods to prevent need for surgical intervention. Case Report: The authors present a case of a successful extraction of a RFB in the ED and review of the literature. Conclusion: Retained RFBs are an unusually problematic reason for an ED visit. Thus, it is important for emergency physicians to be comfortable managing such cases appropriately.
The molecular and biochemical effects of persistence in the squid-vibrio symbiosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This dissertation uses the squid-vibrio symbiosis to examine an animal-bacteria association across multiple periods of host development. While the research is presented as 3 separate chapters, each section builds on the previous one to present an overarching view of symbiotic persistence over a host lifespan. The establishment of a productive symbiosis induces host maturation that in turn preserves the beneficial association. As the host and symbiosis reach maturity, both partners use interacting rhythms to maintain homeostasis. The research presented here shows how a mutualism matures in parallel with the host and the systemic effects symbiosis association can have in an animal.
Genetic diversity and relationships of hair sheep breeds of the Americas: first results.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The origin of the American hair sheep is diverse with likely early introductions from the Canary Islands, followed by introductions from the African and European continents. Using 14 microsatellite loci, we studied 3 American hair sheep (St. Croix, Barbados Blackbelly, and Gulf Coast Native), 6 European wool sheep, 6 African hair sheep, and 2 Asian wool sheep populations. The genetic diversity for all populations was high (with the exception of the Barbados Blackbelly where n=10). Phylogenetic and principal component analyses as well as genetic distance values indicated that the American hair sheep were more closely related to the European Merino sheep than to the West African hair sheep. Today, the main genetic influence in the 3 American populations studied is therefore of European origin.
A study of the L2 acquisition of English reflexives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper reports on an experimental study which was conducted to examine how native speakers of Japanese acquire syntactic properties of English reflexive pronouns. In particular, the effects of two parameters of Universal Grammar, the Governing Category Parameter and the Proper Antecedent Parameter (Wexler and Manzini, 1987), were studied. The Governing Category Parameter has five values, of which Manzini and Wexler suggest that English represents the most unmarked value while Japanese and Korean represent the most marked one. In a learning situation where the L 1 is marked and the L2 is unmarked, we may ask whether learners observe the Subset Principle and successfully acquire the correct L2 value or whether they wrongly transfer their L1 value to the L2 grammar, or assume a value in between, as found by Finer and Broselow (1986). An experimental study was conducted to examine how Japanese learners of English set values of the above parameters. Results suggest that the L2 learners transferred their L1 parameter setting, leading to transfer errors; i.e., non-operation of the Subset Principle. However, I suggest that parameter resetting is possible, at least for some learners.
Women’s Experiences of Food Insecurity and Coping Strategies in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite advances in food production and distribution technologies, global food insecurity continues throughout parts of South Asia. Using ethnographic data collected from the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) in Bangladesh, this article reports on gendered and ethnocultural variations in experiences of food insecurity. Three key findings are that (1) regardless of ethnicity, the majority of the households in this study suffered moderate food insecurity; (2) food insecurity was higher among female-headed households; and (3) women's means of coping strategies varied depending on household structure and ethnic identity. It is argued that indigenous women's coping strategies were protective in comparison with Bengali women's experiences.
POTASSIUM-CONSTRAINED HIGH YIELDS IN IRRIGATED RICE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nutritional constraints often restrict yields of field crops in farmers’ fields. Determination of cut-off yield would increase the understanding of yield-limiting nutrients. The present study aimed to determine minimum rice yield target of high-yielding subpopulation in farmers’ fields and to identify the most limiting nutrient in farmers’ fields. Popular high yielding rice was grown in 42 farmers’ fields with two treatments – farmers’ nutrient management plan (FP) and improved nutrient management plan (INM). Nutrient composition was determined from Y-leaf after 45– 50 days of transplanting. Yield cutoff value was determined from compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) generic model. The CND generic model gave 6.90 Mg ha−1 as minimum cutoff yield of the high-yield subpopulation. Potassium (K) was identified as the main yield limiting nutrient for rice in piedmont soils. Rice in farmers’ fields may require higher K fertilizer dose for better yield. Keywords: cutoff yieldnutrient ratiocompositional nutrient diagnosisvariance ratio function ACKNOWLEDGMENT We appreciate financial support from DFID funded project on Poverty Elimination through Rice Research Assistance (PETRRA) to conduct the experimentation.
RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF COMPACTION AND TILLAGE ON THE SOIL PROFILE CHARACTERISTICS OF A CLAY-TEXTURED SOIL

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Detailed soil profile descriptions were made to assess the residual effect of compaction and tillage treatments applied 10 yr ago on a Ste-Rosalie clay. The treatments applied consisted of five passes at a contact pressure of 61.8 kPa with no tillage, 15 passes of 61.8 kPa with chiselling, moldboard plowing, no tillage, subsoiling, and a control. The results were analyzed using nonparametric statistics. The untilled plots that received 15 wheel passes showed mottling that was more abundant and closer to the surface than the other plots while the subsoiled plots had a finer, less abundant and deeper mottling than the other plots. Peds in the Ae horizon were finer in the subsoiled and chiselled plots and coarser in the untilled plots and conventionally tilled plots that received 15 vehicle passes. It appears from this work that the effect of compaction is very persistent in clay soil and that subsoiling followed by reduced traffic can have a long-term effect on soil structure. Key words: Compaction, tillage, profile descriptions, clay soil
Peste des petits ruminants: a threat

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is acute contagious viral disease of goat and sheep which is characterized by fever, erosions in mouth cavity, oculo-nasal discharge, diarrhoea, pneumonia. Etiological agent of PPR is morbilli virus genus. It is transmitted by close contact, inhalation, nasal and oral secretions. High mortality rates in naive population up to 90-100% and 20% in endemic areas. Control measures include strict quarantine and restricted movement control, vaccination in high-risk populations. PPR is a significant illness that threatens the livelihood of struggling farmers because of the large number of small ruminants that are raised in endemic areas. KEYWORDS: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), Goat Plague, Morbillivirus, Small Ruminants, Vaccination Strategy, Transboundary Animal Disease
Improved Measurements of the Physical Properties of Oriental Lacquers Using Atomic Force Microscopy and a Nanoindenter

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Researchers have widely investigated Oriental lacquers to identify the chemical composition and have elucidated corresponding polymerization mechanisms using rigorous analytical techniques. However, researchers generally test the physical properties of Oriental lacquers by conventional methods that are perhaps overly simplistic. Here, we propose accurate and quantitative methods for evaluating the physical properties of Korean, Vietnamese, and Myanmarese lacquer films using atomic force microscopy (AFM), a nanoindenter, and a 90° peel tester. We obtained surface images of the lacquers in accordance with drying time using scanning electron microscopy and AFM. The Korean lacquer film exhibited fast hardening speed, enhanced hardness, and strong adhesion strength compared with the other lacquers, although the Myanmarese lacquer film had a smoother surface than the Korean lacquer film. We used our characterization approach for evaluating a mixed Korean/Myanmarese (50/50 w/w) lacquer. Our proposed measurement techniques for Oriental lacquer films provided results that agreed with qualitative results from conventional tests. Force–distance curves in AFM and force–displacement with nanoindenter for Oriental lacquer films showed more accurate and quantitative data on the mechanical properties. Thus, researchers will find our approach useful when they optimize the chemical compositions and improve the physical properties of Oriental lacquer films for industrial applications.
α1-blockers for the reduction of ureteric stent-related symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the current evidence for the use of α(1)-blockers in relieving ureteric stent-related symptoms (USS). Electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library, were searched and two independent reviewers identified relevant parallel randomized controlled trials (RCTs), assessed trial quality and extracted data. Review Manager (version 5.2) was used to conduct a meta-analysis of the data. Significant advantages were demonstrated in the treatment group based on International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), voiding symptom sub-scores [mean difference (MD), −2.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), (−4.36, −0.96)], Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) urinary symptoms score (MD, −5.84; 95%CI, −9.35 to −2.33), IPSS quality of life score (MD, −1.46; 95%CI, −2.64 to −0.28) USSQ quality of life score (MD, −0.69; 95%CI, −1.10 to −0.28), USSQ pain score (MD, −3.97; 95%CI, −5.52 to −2.42), Visual Analog Pain Scale (MD, −1.53; 95%CI, −2.25 to −0.80) and USSQ general health score (MD, −1.82; 95%CI, −2.47 to −1.18). No significant differences were detected from the following results: IPSS storage symptom sub-score (MD, −0.93; 95%CI, −2.28 to 0.43), USSQ sexual matters score (MD, −0.10; 95%CI, −0.79 to 0.59), USSQ work performance score (MD, 1.64; 95%CI, −2.18 to 5.47) and USSQ additional problems score (MD, −2.02; 95%CI, −4.55 to 0.52). However, significant between-trial heterogeneity was detected following statistical analysis and there were insufficient data to trace its source. The existing RCT data supported the hypothesis that α(1)-blockers beneficially influence pain, urinary symptoms and the quality of life of patients with an indwelling ureteral stent.
Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements of Bed-Shear Stress Induced By Wall-Bounded Swirling Jets

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study presents measurements of the bed shear stress associated with the three-dimensional boundary layer induced by a wall-bounded swirling jet. The velocity profile within the viscous sublayer was measured in detail using a high-resolution particle image velocimetry system that enables direct evaluation of the bed shear stress from the velocity gradient at the wall. The three-dimensional flow field was reconstructed based on the measurements conducted in a series of intersecting streamwise and transverse planes. At each intersection, the resultant bed shear stress was calculated as the vector sum of its components. The results show that the planar distribution of the bed shear stress is highly asymmetrical about the propeller axis due to the swirling rotation, which furnishes a description of how the jet path migrates over the plane boundary under the swirling effect. Compared with the expected scour hole that the swirling jet could induce on an erodible bed, the results presented in this study shed light on a qualitative understanding of the distinctive jet impingement mechanisms associated with rigid and erodible bed boundaries. Moreover, a close examination of the mean velocity distributions of both individual and resultant velocities reveals a consistent discrepancy from the universal logarithmic law in the log layer, in which the velocity distribution is subjected to outer layer bulk flow properties, thereby highlighting the evident difference in boundary layer flow between an impinging jet and canonical wall-bounded flows.
Micro-/Nano-Texturing of Aluminum by Precise Coining for Functional Surface Decoration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The AISI316 austenitic stainless steel die was prepared and nitrided at 673 K for 14.4 ks. Through this low temperature plasma nitriding, the AISI316 die was homogeneously hardened up to 1400 HV within its surface layer of 50 μm. This nitrided AISI316 die was utilized to print the tailored micropattern with nanotextures onto its surface by the femtosecond laser processing. Each micropattern consisted of the tailored segments to have unidirectional nanotextures with different orientations. Each segment was recognized by its intrinsic surface plasmonic brilliance to tailored nanotextures. The CNC (Computer Numerical Control) stamping system was used to coin these micropatterns with nanotextures onto the AA1060 aluminum plates with the thickness of 1 mm. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and optical microscopy were employed to characterize the original micro-/nano-textures on the AISI316 die as well as the coined nanotextured patterns on the AA1060 plate surfaces.
Carbon and nitrogen balances and CO2 emission after exogenous organic matter application in arid soil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Addition of organic amendments (OAs) could be a means to sequester carbon (C) in soils. However, the efficiency of C sequestration depends on how OAs evolve in the soil. A field study was installed in arid soil to which was added one of five OAs – olive husk-based compost (CM), palm leaf-based compost (CP), crushed olive pruning (GW), fresh olive mill wastewater (OMW) or fermented ovine manure (OM) – at an equivalent fixed level of 350 g of C/m2. C and N mineralization were followed for 112 days by measuring the evolution of released CO2 and mineral N evolution. The results showed that CM and CP did not disturb soil respiration, with a very low CO2 emission or almost no respiration for the CM, while CO2 release reached 7.6 g of CO2/m2 for GW and OMW. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was sustainably improved by 0.54% and 0.50%, respectively, for CM and CP. N mineralization showed no significant difference between amended and untreated soils. Based on these results, compost amendment was the most efficient for C sequestration to enhance soil fertility and consequently reduce the rate of CO2 emission.
Protecting of Marble Stone Facades of Historic Buildings Using Multifunctional TiO2 Nanocoatings

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Stone surfaces and façades of historic buildings, due to their predominately outdoor location, suffer from many deterioration factors, including air pollution, soluble salts, relative humidity (RH)/temperature, and biodeterioration, which are the main causes of decay. In particular, the façades of the buildings deteriorate with direct exposure to these factors; deformation and disfiguration of superficial decoration and formation of black crusts are often observed on the stones. The development and application of self-cleaning and protection treatments on historical and architectural stone surfaces could be a significant improvement in the conservation, protection and maintenance of Cultural Heritage. A titanium dioxide nanoparticle has become a promising photocatalytic material, owing to its ability to catalyze the complete degradation of many organic contaminants and environmental factors. In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles, dispersed in an aqueous colloidal suspension, were applied directly to historic marble stone surfaces, by spray-coating, in order to obtain a nanometric film over the stone surface. The study started with an investigation of some properties of TiO2 nanoparticles, to assess the feasibility of the use of TiO2 on historic stone and architectural surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was, coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis, (SEM-EDX), in order to obtain information on coating homogeneity and surface morphology, before and after artificial aging; the activity of the coated surface was evaluated through UV-light exposure, to evaluate photo-induced effects. The changes of molecular structure occurring in treated samples were spectroscopically studied by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR); activity of the hydrophobic property of the coated surface was evaluated by Sterio microscopy, model Zeiss 2010 from Munich, Germany, equipped with photo camera S23 under 80X magnification. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated through capillary water absorption, and colorimetric measurements, performed to evaluate the optical appearance. Results showed that TiO2 nanoparticles are good candidates for coating applications on historic stone surfaces, where self-cleaning photo-induced effects are well evident; they enhanced the durability of stone surfaces toward UV aging, improved resistance to relative humidity (RH)/temperature and abrasion affect, reduced accumulation of dirt on stone surfaces when left in open air for 6 months, and did not alter the original features.