jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design and formation of SiO2/SiC interfaces with low interface state via phosphorus ions implantation in SiC power MOSFETs

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports an effective approach to reduce the density of SiO 2 /SiC interface state (D it ), which can be applied in industry. Low energy implantation of phosphorus ions is carried on before high-temperature oxidation for reducing the D it near conduction band (E C ) edge. SiC MOSFETs formed by proposed oxidation process show lower on-state resistance and higher drain current density compared with normal process. The results of high-low frequency CV method reveal that D it near conduction band edge is 2.6×10 11 cm -2 eV -1 after P implantation while D it without P implantation is about 5.5×10 11 cm -2 eV -1 . Non-contact corona-Kelvin technique is used to test D it of SiO 2 /SiC interface. It reveals that it can be used to measure the D it at E C -0.05eV on whole wafer after oxidation and the results are sensitive to the surface roughness of interface.
A decision model for selecting of areas for improvement in EFQM model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

To monitor the progress towards business excellence, thousands of organizations across the world use self-assessment on a regular basis. There are a few popular business excellence models that provide standard criteria against which an organization can measure its performances. European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) is the most popular ones. The EFQM Excellence Model was introduced at the beginning of 1992 as the framework for assessing organizations for the European Quality Award. It is now the most widely used organizational framework in Europe and across the world and it has become the basis for the majority of international, national and regional Quality Awards. It is a practical tool that can be used as a guide to identify areas for Improvement. However, the current EFQM model has some drawbacks and problems which are not able to identify the priorities in Area for Improvement (AFI). For organizations with limitations of time, budget and resources and cannot implement all the Area for Improvement, some standards or indexes and limitations should be defined for prioritizing and choosing the Area for Improvement. Using Topsis 1 method which is one of the multi-attribute decision making model, the Area for Improvement can be identified. Therefore, this work will develop a method of evaluating, assessing and determining the Area for Improvement in the EFQM model. The results showed that the developed model is more valid and acceptable and the experts verified the model for selecting of Area for Improvement in EFQM in practice. The proposed model was employed in a case study and drawn out results from it and were evaluated from different points of view.
[Treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Better results of resections for pancreatic adenocarcinoma are reported in published data from 1990: 1. the lower mortality rate is probably not the only reason why these results are better; 2. the palliative resections rate seem to be lower (as the rates of exploratory laparotomies and by-pass procedures); 3. the impact of resection's quality on the results is difficult to demonstrate and the benefit of extended lymphadenectomy remains unclear; 4. moreover, in recent published series, many patients had adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy, but often in uncontrolled studies. Multimodality treatment is probably useful for better local control and better disease free survival; this therapeutic approach is widely used today but the results remain to be confirmed by clinical trials. Unfortunately, 90% of the patients had locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis; in these patients clinical research is a challenge in order to change the prognosis; actually, epidemiological studies are still showing that quite all the patients die.
The End of Domesticity: Alienation from the Family in Dickens, Eliot, and James

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Few changes in literary history are as dramatic as the replacement of the sentimental image of the home in Victorian fiction by the emphasis in modernist fiction on dysfunctional families and domestic alienation. Charles hatten offers a provocative theory for this seminal shift that even now shapes literary depictions of the family. Discussing works by Charles Dickens, George Eliot, and Henry James, Hatten shows how these major writers anticipate modernist preoccupations with domestic alienation while responding to their own historical context - of changes in, and controversies about, gender roles in the family. Most originally, Hatten argues that these writers', representations of gender and domesticity are strongly influenced by anxieties about capitalism and the marketplace as well as the changing nature of gender roles in late Victorian England.
Târgul Sărăţii - un târg disparut?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Summary in English Târgul Sărăţii - A Lost Town ? The author tries to argue that Târgul Săratei/Sărăţii considered to be lost in the second half of the 15th century, finds its continuity in the small town of Huşi. The whole demonstration is based on documents. In the author’s opinion the paper is going to be a starting point for the future archaeological investigations meant to bring new elements concerning the urban life in Modavia of the I5th century.
[Hemorrheology and microcirculation in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hemorrheologic studies were done in 100 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and 100 cases of normal pregnancies. The hematocrit values in normal pregnant women and patients with mild and severe PIH were 35.96 +/- 4.92, 36.25 +/- 3.47 and 37.8 +/- 4.32 respectively. The blood viscosity was significantly increased in patients with PIH as compared with that of normal pregnant women. The study of bulbar conjunctive indicates the presence of profound disturbance of microcirculation in patients with PIH. It is suggested that the treatment of PIH should focus on vasospasm relieving, blood volume expansion, reduction of blood viscosity and improvement of microcirculation.
Analisis Strategi Traditional Travel Agency Di Tengah Persaingan Online Travel Agency (Studi Kasus: Airlangga Travel)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The travel industry in Indonesia is still very attractive, especially when considering the large population of Indonesia and the growing value trend of the travel market. However, the development of information technology and the internet has had an impact on the proliferation of Online Travel Agencies (OTA), resulting in high levels of competition in the travel industry. Traditional travel companies must continue to innovate to maintain their presence in the competition. This research was conducted to analyze the competitive conditions of the travel industry in Indonesia, a case study at Airlangga Travel company. The research method uses Porter and SWOT analysis. The results of the study are recommendations for differentiation strategies for Airlangga Travel in order to survive in the intense competition of the travel business
Influence of Vernalization and Photoperiod on the Duration of Stem Elongation and Spikelet Fertility in Wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A longer stem elongation phase (from the terminal spikelet-TS to the anthesis-ANT phases) increases grain production due to an increase in spikelet fertility. However, the mechanism behind the greater number of fertile flowers that occur when the duration of stem elongation is modified by photoperiod and vernalization is not fully understood. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of combinations of photoperiod and vernalization on the duration of stem elongation and spikelet fertility in wheat. Thus, a greenhouse experiment was performed by subjecting 13 wheat genotypes to two vernalization regimes (V0—non-vernalized plants and V40—plants with 40 vernalization days) and to two photoperiod regimes (NP—natural and NP + 6—photoperiod extended by six hours), during the stem elongation phase. The natural photoperiod increased the spikelet fertility of eight cultivars without a corresponding increased duration of the TS-ANT phase, suggesting the existence of a direct effect of photoperiod on increased spikelet fertility. Vernalization increased the duration of the TS-ANT phase, without influencing spikelet fertility. There was genetic variability in the responses to photoperiod and vernalization.
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Conditional Maximum Covariance Analysis and Its Application to the Tropical Indian Ocean SST and Surface Wind Stress Anomalies

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This study introduces the conditional maximum covariance analysis (CMCA). The normal maximum covariance analysis (MCA) is a method that isolates the most coherent pairs of spatial patterns and their associated time series by performing an eigenanalysis on the temporal covariance matrix between two geophysical fields. Different from the normal MCA, the CMCA not only isolates the most coherent patterns between two fields but also excludes the unwanted signal by subtracting the regressed value of each employed field that depends on the unwanted signal. To evaluate the usefulness of the CMCA, it is applied to the tropical Indian Ocean sea surface temperature
Harnessing hybrid vigor: Heterosis and combining ability analysis for enhanced yield in American cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Harnessing heterosis is an effective strategy to improve cotton yield and fiber quality. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the magnitude of heterosis and combining ability for yield and fiber-related traits in cotton. A line × tester mating design involving six lines and two testers generated twelve F1 hybrids, along with their parents and two commercial checks, were evaluated in a randomised block design with two replications at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Warangal, Telangana, during Kharif 2024-2025. Data on yield and fiber quality parameters were analyzed using analysis of variance and heterosis and their effects were estimated. WGCV-372 emerged as the best general combiner (general combining ability (GCA) effect) for net plot yield/kg and boll weight. WGCV Bt-60 exhibited positive GCA for boll weight, lint index, seed index and yield, indicating multi-trait superiority. The hybrids WGCV Bt-60 × PKV 081 Bt, WGCV Bt-60 × WGCV Bt-108 and WGCV-252 x PKV 081 Bt show strong heterosis improvement in yield, plant height, boll weight and fiber quality. The cross WGCV-252 × PKV 081 Bt showing strongest heterosis for boll weight with 39.1 % over mid-parent, 29.9 % over better parent and a 12.2 % increase over RCH 929 (check), indicating its potential to improve fiber yield components. WGCV Bt-60 × WGCV Bt-108 showed significant positive specific combining ability (SCA) for plant height, number of bolls per plant and net plot yield/kg. WGCV-413 × PKV 081 Bt exhibited positive SCA for plant height, monopodia, sympodia and number of bolls per plant. WGCV-252 × WGCV Bt-108 showed a significant positive SCA for lint index and ginning outturn (GOT %).
Risk of galvanic corrosion induced by CFRP strengthening in reinforced concrete

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Performance deterioration of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures due to corrosion of inside steel reinforcement has been a worldwide issue for long, in particular for RC structures in aggressive environments. Although extensive research on steel corrosion has been carried out over past decades, it is still a challenging problem in civil engineering. Starting from a brief introduction on corrosion mechanism of steel in concrete, this paper presents a comprehensive review on corrosion detection techniques and protection methods for existing RC structures where corrosion has already occurred. Direct detection methods based on electrochemical and physical principles related to the steel corrosion process, and indirect methods based on measurement of corrosion-induced damages in reinforced concrete are critically reviewed, with the basic working mechanism and state of the art of each method given. According to protecting mechanism, corrosion protection methods are categorized into "prevention solutions" and "therapy solutions", with the former including high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite (HPFRCC) overlay, anti-corrosion coating and corrosion inhibitor while the latter including cathodic protection (CP) and electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE). Among them, HPFRCC overlay is regarded as effective in corrosion prevention due to its high durability although it is mainly used for strengthening because of its excellent mechanical properties, while carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) can be acted as both strengthening material and anode in CP and ECE. The dual functions of these materials make them very promising in protecting corrosion-damaged RC structures. The paper aims to not only provide useful information to researchers working on detection and protection of steel corrosion, but also shed lights on the advanced strengthening strategies for corrosion-damaged structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoregulation in the Preparation of 1‐ and 3‐Monosubstituted 1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b‐Octahydroindolo(2,3‐a)quinolizines.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A recently developed method is successfully applied to the preparation of the title compounds (IV)/(V), (VI)/(VII) and (X)/(XI) possessing the cis or trans relationship at C(12b)H‐C(1)H or C(12b)H‐C(3)H. Whereas direct hydrogenation of the unsaturated precursors gives mainly or exclusively the cis products, hydrogenation of the corresponding Boc analogues affords the trans products.
Transformative use and user generated content - Integrating new paradigms of creativity in copyright law

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The authors outline the legal situation in regard to user generated content (UGC) in European and international copyright law and proceed to further examine the example of German law. This is of particular interest because German law contains a doctrine of so-called free use, which would allow, on principle, appropriate dealing with derivative or transformative works in the context of UGC. However, it is doubtful whether this doctrine is compliant with the strict framework of exceptions to copyright law in the European InfoSoc-Directive. The German reference to the CJEU in the case Metall auf Metall might provide for future clarification. In this context, the authors argue in favour of the development of a 'free use' doctrine in European case law de lege lata. In particular, such doctrine seems indispensable in order to fairly balance the involved fundamental rights in the UGC sector. Also, moral rights will have to be considered when regulating the field of UGC. The authors further consider innovative solutions de lege ferenda, such as the example of the new Canadian exception for UGC. As a result, they argue for a general flexibilisation of the closed shop catalogue of possible exceptions to copyright by reforming the European InfoSoc Directive. Such legislative reform would also have to take the UGC sector into account, preferably by way of a targeted remunerated exception and certain subjective rights of creative users instead of a mere defence.
In-silico analysis of PtpA - an antigenic protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

PtpA, a low-molecular weight tyrosine phosphatase, is a secreted protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Many secretory proteins of Mtb are known to be the prominent targets of host immune response. It plays an important role in host-pathogen interaction and it interferes with the passing of the protein from one endosomal vesicle to the next endosomal vesicle in the infected macrophage. It inhibits host phagolysosomal fusion in the infected macrophages and thus allows the bacteria to survive within macrophages. Analysis of primary and secondary structure of the protein was done by ProtParam and GOR IV respectively. Since the number of negatively charged residues are higher than the positively charged residues, PtpA is an acidic protein. Immunity against Mtb is T-cell mediated Thus an important criterion in seeking protective antigens should be that they induce T-cell- mediated immunity. The characterization of PtpA inducing CD4+ T-cell responses could critically contribute to the development of subunit vaccines for Mtb. Here we performed computational analysis by using Proped, T-cell epitope prediction program. In-silico antigenicity prediction of PtpA was done using VaxiJen. Owing to the resistance of this protein to the natural immune response, in-silico antigenicity and T-cell epitope prediction will be helpful to design better subunit vaccines to develop effective acquired immune response to Mtb.
Thiophene Scaffold as Prospective Antimicrobial Agent: A Review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Thiophene has emerged as a potent scaffold that has pulled the keen interest of the researchers because of its considerable diversity in biological activities. The versatility of the thiophene nucleus is demonstrated by the successful introduction of its derivatives, which have anti‐inflammatory (Thenaldine), anticancer (Ralitrexed), antioxidant (Erdosteine), and antimicrobial (Cefoxitin and Temocillin) activities. This decent variety in the biological response profile has pulled in the consideration of numerous researchers to research this skeleton to its distinctive potential against several activities. This review is integral to prior reviews and plans to review the work regarding antibacterial and antifungal activities of thiophene, substituted thiophene and thiophene‐like compounds, and also Schiff bases of thiophene and substituted thiophenes from year 1995 to the beginning of 2018.
Stigma against Tuberculosis Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Stigma attached to tuberculosis contributes to the limited effectiveness of current TB control approaches. However, there is a dearth of studies that explore the causes of stigma attached to tuberculosis and its effects on patients and tuberculosis control programs in Ethiopia.An institution-based qualitative study was conducted at St. Peter Tuberculosis Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from July to August, 2015. Ten in-depth interviews and 6 key-informant interviews were carried out among tuberculosis patients and healthcare workers, respectively.The Open Code computer software package was used to analyze the data thematically.The study revealed that fear of infection and inappropriate health education messages by media were the main causes of tuberculosis stigma. The patients experienced isolation within their family and community, separation, and financial crisis. The stigma attached to tuberculosis may contribute to delayed healthcare seeking, poor treatment adherence, and poor prognosis.Interventions that reduce the stigma attached to tuberculosis should target on areas, such as creating community awareness, patient counseling on problem-solving and emotional skills, preparing culturally sensitive and scientifically sound media messages, providing financial support for the patients, and enhancing the qualities of the healthcare workers, such as empathy, concern, respect for the patient and cultural sensitivity.
New aspects of π–d interactions in magnetic molecular conductors

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The 2 : 1 cation radical salts of bent donor molecules of ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalenoquinone-1,3-dithiolemethide (EDT-TTFVO), ethylenedithio-diselenadithiafulvalenoquinone-1,3-dithiolemethide (EDT-DSDTFVO), ethylenedithio-diselenadithiafulvalenothioquinone-1,3-diselenolemethide (EDT-DSDTFVSDS), ethylenedioxy-tetrathiafulvalenoquinone-1,3-dithiolemethide (EDO-TTFVO) and ethylenedioxy-tetrathiafulvalenoquinone-1,3-diselenolemethide (EDO-TTFVODS) with FeX4− (X = Cl, Br) ions are prepared by electrocrystallization. The crystal structures of these salts are composed of alternately stacked donor molecule and magnetic anion layers. The band structures of the donor molecule layers are calculated using the overlap integrals between neighboring donor molecules and are compared with the observed electronic transport properties. The magnetic ordering of the Fe(III) d spins of FeX4− ions is determined from magnetization and heat capacity measurements. The magnetic ordering temperatures are estimated by considering a combination of a direct d–d interaction between the d spins and an indirect π–d interaction between the conduction π electron and the d spins, whose magnitudes are separately calculated from the crystal structures with an extended Hückel molecular orbital method. The occurrence of a π–d interaction is proved by the negative magnetoresistance, and the magnitude of magnetoresistance reflects the strength of the π–d interaction. The effect of pressure on the magnetoresistance is studied, and the result indicates that the magnitude of magnetoresistance increases, namely, the π–d interaction is enhanced with increasing pressure. From these experimental results it is shown that (EDT-TTFVO)2•FeBr4 is a ferromagnetic semiconductor, (EDT-DSDTFVO)2•FeX4 (X = Cl, Br) and (EDT-DSDTFVSDS)2•FeBr4 are metals exhibiting antiferromagnetic ordering of the d spins, and (EDO-TTFVO)2•FeCl4 and (EDO-TTFVODS)2•FeBr4•(DCE)0.5 (DCE =-dichloroethane) are genuine antiferromagnetic metals. Among them, the (EDT-TTFVO)2•FeBr4 salt is the first π–d molecular system where the d spins of FeBr4− ions are ferromagnetically ordered through antiferromagnetic interaction with the conduction π electrons. Corresponding to this ferromagnetic ordering, an anomalous dielectric slow-down phenomenon toward the ordering temperature is observed. The π–d interaction in (EDT-DSDTFVSDS)2•FeBr4 is very large and comparable to that in λ-(BETS)2•FeCl4, which has the highest reported value so far, while the d–d interaction is fairly small. Concerning the ratio between the magnitudes of π–d and d–d interactions (Jπd/Jdd), this salt is currently the best π–d molecular system.
Display Condensation of Program Text

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In interactive systems that must display the text of programs, the size of the program is usually much larger than the capacity of the screen. While the obvious strategy is to simply choose k contiguous lines for display in a k-line window, in some cases it is useful to be able to represent m lines in a k-line window, where m > k, by "condensing" portions of the text. This paper is concerned with alternative strategies for controlling such condensation.