jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of controlled release silicone adhesive–based mupirocin patch demonstrates antibacterial activity on live rat skin against Staphylococcus aureus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sheba R David,1 Nurafiqah Malek,1 Abdul Hanif Mahadi,2 Srikumar Chakravarthi,3 Rajan Rajabalaya1 1PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam; 2Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences (CAMES), Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam; 3School of Medicine, Perdana University, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Background: Peritonitis is the most serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. Staphylococcus aureus infections could lead to peritonitis which causes reversal of peritoneal dialysis treatment back to hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to develop a controlled release silicone adhesive-based mupirocin patch for prophylactic effect and analyze its antibacterial effectiveness against S. aureus.Methods: The matrix patches were prepared by using different polymers, with and without silicone adhesive, dibutyl sebacate and mupirocin. The patches were characterized for mechanical properties, drug content, moisture content, water absorption capacity and Fourier transform infrared spectrum. In vitro release studies were performed by using Franz diffusion cell. In vitro disk diffusion assay was performed on the Mueller–Hinton Agar plate to measure the zone of inhibition of the patches. The in vivo study was performed on four groups of rats with bacterial counts at three different time intervals, along with skin irritancy and histopathologic studies. Results: The patches showed appropriate average thickness (0.63–1.12 mm), tensile strength (5.08–10.08 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (21.53–42.19 MPa). The drug content ranged from 94.5% to 97.4%, while the moisture content and water absorption capacities at two relative humidities (75% and 93%) were in the range of 1.082–3.139 and 1.287–4.148 wt%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed that there were no significant interactions between the polymer and the drug. The highest percentage of drug release at 8 hours was 47.94%. The highest zone of inhibition obtained was 28.3 mm against S. aureus. The in vivo studies showed that the bacterial colonies were fewer at 1 cm (7×101 CFU/mL) than at 2 cm (1.3×102 CFU/mL) over a 24-hour period. The patches were nonirritant to the skin, and histopathologic results also showed no toxic or damaging effects to the skin. Conclusion: The in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that controlled release patches reduced the migration of S. aureus on the live rat skin effectively, however, a longer duration of study is required to determine the effectiveness of the patch on a suitable peritonitis-induced animal model. Keywords: transdermal delivery, matrix patch, peritonitis, antibacterial, dialysis infection, histopathology
Introducing S-index into factoring RSA modulus via Lucas sequences

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

At any instance in the factoring algorithm, the accumulative result stands independently. In effect, there is no clear direction to manoeuvre whether to go left or right. General Lucas sequences are practically useful in cryptography. In the past quarter century, factoring large RSA modulo into its primes is one of the most important and most challenging problems in computational number theory. A factoring technique on RSA modulo is mainly hindered by the strong prime properties. The success of factoring few large RSA modulo within the last few decades has been due to computing prowess overcoming one strong prime of RSA modulo. In this paper, some useful properties of Lucas sequences shall be explored in factoring RSA modulo. This paper will also introduces the S-index formation in solving quadratic equation modulo N. The S-index pattern is very useful in designing an algorithm to factor RSA modulo. The S-index will add another comparative tool to better manoeuvre in a factoring process. On one hand, it shall remain a theoretical challenge to overcome the strong prime properties. On the other hand, it shall remain a computational challenge to achieve a running time within polynomial time to factor RSA modulo. This paper will propose an avenue to do both using general Lucas sequences.
DAMPAK COVID-19 BAGI RODA PEREKONOMIAN BAGI MASYARAKAT INDONESIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Coronavirus (Covid-19) is a large family of viruses that cause disease in humans and animals. This virus has rocked the world throughout 2020. The purpose of this research determine the impact of Covid-19 on the Indonesian economy. The research method used is qualitative research and literature study. The results of this study indicate that the impact felt by the Indonesian people related to the economy is felt by various groups, such as online motorcycle taxis, traders, artists and entrepreneurs. Covid-19 forces people to survive amid the current economic difficulties. The efforts made by the government to alleviate poverty due to the Covid-19 pandemic are by providing social assistance to the community, holding pre-employment cards, subsidizing 100% electricity with 450 Watt power, and providing subsidies for small business.
Online brand community within the integrated marketing communication system: When chocolate becomes seductive like a person

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study proposes brand communities as an effective tool within the integrated marketing communication (IMC) system. The paper utilizes the Brand Concept Map quali-quantitative technique in order to represent and compare mental association texture within one group of non-members of a brand community versus one group of people engaged in the same community. Brand stimulus is Nutella (chocolate cream) which boasts a crowded and lively online brand community: Nutellaville. Results show that brand community is effective in terms of contribution, commonality, and complementarity within the IMC system. In particular, Nutella brand image within the online community participants is composed of some mental associations overlapping other communication tools (commonality), and by new mental associations (complementarity) referred to the brand image dimension named ‘brand as person’ (seductive, popular, reassuring); second, this anthropomorphism effect solves the issue of sense of guilt excited by chocolate (contribution).
Metal Specificities on Induction and Binding Affinities of Heavy Metal-binding Complexes in Water Hyacinth Root Tissues

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Metal Specificities on Induction and Binding Affinities of Heavy Metal-binding Complexes in Water Hyacinth Root Tissues Get access Masayuki Fujita, Masayuki Fujita Laboratory of Food Hygienics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kida-gun, Kagawa 761-07, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kouhei Nakano Kouhei Nakano Laboratory of Food Hygienics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kida-gun, Kagawa 761-07, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 52, Issue 9, 1 September 1988, Pages 2335–2336, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1988.10869031 Published: 01 September 1988 Article history Received: 29 January 1988 Published: 01 September 1988
The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Ethnic identity is an important component of the self-concept and, like other aspects of identity, can be particularly salient during adolescence. Most research on ethnic identity has focused on the unique elements that distinguish particular ethnic groups. However, it is important as well to study and compare ethnic identity and its correlates across groups. This article presents a questionnaire measure of ethnic identity based on the elements of ethnic identity that are common across groups, so that it can be used with all ethnic groups. The questionnaire was administered to 417 high school students and 136 college students from ethnically diverse schools. Reliability, assessed by Cronbach 's alpha, was .81 for the high school sample and .9Ofor the college sample. The relationship of ethnic identity to various demographic variables and to self-esteem was examined. The measure can be used to examine similarities and differences in ethnlic identity and its correlates among youths from different ethnic groups.
Morphological Markers of Chromosomal Instability

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer is characterized by genomic complexity and chromosomal instability (CIN). Atypical mitosis and nuclear atypia such as micronuclei have been reported as morphological characteristics of chromosomal instability. An atypical mitotic figure is defined as anything other than the typical form of normal mitosis, including multipolar, ring, dispersed, asymmetrical, and lag-type mitoses. A micronucleus is defined as the small nucleus that forms whenever a chromosome or its fragment is not incorporated into one of the daughter nuclei during cell division. A telomere plays a key role in chromosomal instability. Telomere dysfunction induces fusion of chromatids and chromosome missegregation and this phenomenon can be observed as abnormal mitotic figures and micronuclei. Detection of morphological markers of chromosomal instability using pathological specimens, even small biopsy or cytological specimens, may provide valuable information concerning the prognosis of cancers. Here, we discuss morphological assessment of chromosomal instability using routine pathological specimens.
Cooperating with the Police: Social Control and the Reproduction of Police Legitimacy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Calling upon and assisting police officers are acts of public cooperation that link informal and formal mechanisms of social control. An in-depth study of seven London neighborhoods investigates the relationships between (a) cooperation with the police, (b) public trust in police fairness and effectiveness, and (c) public perceptions of everyday social regulation processes. Cooperation with the police is associated first with high levels of public trust in procedural fairness, second with confidence that local residents will intervene on behalf of the collective good, and third with heightened concerns about disorder and the loss of authority and discipline in society. We conclude with the idea that cooperation is shaped by trust in the police and is reinforced and challenged by a complex set of relational concerns. Moreover, by recognizing and supporting the function of the police to fight crime and administer justice, acts of cooperation both constitute and confer police legitimacy.
Measurement of Normal Calcaneus in Korean Cadavers: A Preliminary Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose:The purpose of this report is to evaluate the measured values of normal Korean calcaneus by conduct of a cadaveric study. Materials and Methods: A total of 42 calcanei were obtained from Korean cadavers.A digital goniometer was used for measurement of Böhler's angle, Gissane angle, posterior facet articular inclination angle, and Fowler-Philip angle of calcaneus.A vernier caliper was used for measurement of the maximal antero-posterior length, maximal transverse width, and maximal height of calcaneus.Results: The average Böhler's angle, Gissane angle, posterior facet articular inclination angle, and Fowler-Philip angle was 32.3 o ±5.0 o , 114.4 o ±8.2 o , 61.2 o ±4.4 o , and 60.3 o ±7.6 o .The average maximal antero-posterior length, maximal transverse width, and maximal height of calcaneus was 74.2±3.0 mm, 43.0±4.0mm, and 42.5±3.0mm. Conclusion:The measured values of normal Korean calcaneus were lower than the values reported in the international literature.Therefore, development of appropriate instruments reflecting the anatomical characteristics of Koreans will be needed.
Continuing decline in twin births since 2014

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Continuing decline in twin births since 2014 Asma Khalil Asma Khalil Twins Trust Centre for Research and Clinical Excellence, St George’s Hospital, University of London, London SW17 0QT,UKVascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's Hospital, University of London, London SW17 0QT,UKFetal Medicine Unit, St George’s Hospital, University of London, London SW17 0QT,UK Correspondence address. Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s Hospital, University of London, London SW17 0QT, UK. Tel: +44-20-32998256; Fax: +44-20-77339534; E-mail: akhalil@sgul.ac.uk; asmakhalil79@googlemail.comhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-2802-7670 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2802-7670 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Reproduction, Volume 36, Issue 7, July 2021, Pages 2062–2063, https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab092 Published: 25 May 2021
Screening of potential feeding stimulants for marble goby, Oxyeleotris mannoratus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The main objective of present study was to screen amino acids as the potential feeding stimulants for marble goby, O. marmoratus. Two separated experiment were conducted. In the first experiment, the stimulatory effect of single and mixtures of amino acids on the gustatory sense of O. marrnoratus were determined by behavioral method. Amino acids were incorporated into the agar gel pellets, fed to the fish and the pellets acceptance ratios were recorded. For single amino acids, L-alanine attained the highest acceptance ratio followed by l-glutamine, l-glycine, and
betaine. On the other hand, L-cysteine, L-glutamic add, L-lysine, l-serine and taurine were totally rejected. The function of betaine, which is a derivative amino
add was studied to determine whether or not It can enhance the feed intake of essential amino adds mixture (EAAM). Betaine and EAAM were originally poorly accepted by the fish, with 0.093 and 0.19 respectively. However, when both of them were mixed, the acceptance ratio of betaine+EAAM agar gel pellet was improved, which was 0.374 although no significant different, Indicated that betaine was taste
Indifferent but It enhanced the palatability of EMM. Therefore, betaine can be used as feed enhancer for juvenile O. marmooratus. Non-essential amino acids mixture (NEMM) achieved the highest acceptance ratio with value of 0.944, suggesting that NEAAM may be the better feeding stimulant compared to EAAM. Based on these results, a prototype feeding stimulant was formulated. In the second experiment, the effectiveness of this prototype feeding stimulant in shortening the pellet-weaning period of wild-caught juvenile O. marmoratus was evaluated. Twelve wild-caught fish
(BW=4.13 g to 8.01 g; BL= 7.7 on to 9.3 an) are divided into 2 groups equally, each group consisted of 6 fish where each fish was kept separately in aquarium. Two diets of protein and lipid levels were 48 % and 7.8 % fo respectivly were formulated, namely, the fish meal (FM) diet and fish meal + protntype feeding stimulant (FM+FS) diet, and were fed to the fish for 14 days. The fish in the FM+FS treatment was
successfully weaned in the shorter period (during first week) than those in the FM treatment (during second week). Such result confirmed that the prototype feeding
stimulant was effective in shortening the pellet weaning period of the juvenile O. marmoratus.
English Reading Strategies and their Impact on Students' Performance in Reading Comprehension

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Pakistan, English is taught as a compulsory subject from grade one to graduate level. It has been given the status of official language and is considered a symbol of status. In all official correspondence English language is used and it opens up the avenues to have access to high-ranking civil service jobs. Research studies have revealed that students feel difficulty in reading, speaking and writing English at Secondary school level in Pakistan and they were found to be poor readers and receive lower grades in English language. Keeping in view the importance of learning English for students, this study was designed with the purposes to explore the strategies the students adopt for learning Reading English and to determine the effect of these adopted strategies on students' reading comprehension performance at secondary school level. Learning strategies are the basic techniques used for learning English in Pakistan. A survey was conducted to identify learning strategies used by the learners and their impact on reading comprehension performance of the learners. A sample comprising of 359 students was selected using stratified random sampling technique from amongst the Higher Secondary Schools and intermediate colleges located in district Naushahro Feroze Sindh Pakistan. Data for the study were collected through Questionnaire, interview protocol and reading comprehension test. The results indicated that students use variety of reading learning strategies including reading aloud, silent reading, summarizing the reading texts, outlining grammatical structures and patterns contained in the reading texts, answering simple questions, looking for the meaning of new vocabulary and translating English texts in their mother language. However, the use of these strategies by the students is not on a regular, systematic and need based. The analysis of the data revealed that learning strategies adopted by students for reading English were strongly correlated with their performance in reading comprehension. It was further found that students of urban area (mean score= 45.80) performed significantly better than their peers in rural areas (mean score= 39.16). However, while applying t-test of significance no significant difference in the performance of male and female learners (mean score: 42.07 & 42.89) was detected. Additionally, students' performance in answering questions, summarizing, reading aloud, learning grammatical patterns, translating, looking for the meaning of vocabulary and learning spellings was satisfactory but their performance in analyzing, paraphrasing, precising during reading was poor. The conclusion drawn is that students use different strategies for reading and that these adopted strategies have an effect on their reading comprehension. In terms of gender, there was no significant difference on use of strategies and impact on their reading performance, while students in urban area perform better than their peer in rural areas
Fishers and Plunderers: Theft, Slavery and Violence at Sea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abuses and slavery at sea are largely missing from narratives of work and environmental exploitation in the mainstream. This book shines a light on the exploitation of fish and fishers alike in a global industry driven by profits. \n \nConservation and human rights in this industry are huge problems: with vast overprovision of vessels and shortages of fish, labour costs are targeted and young men are trafficked from poor areas onto vessels in virtual slavery. The resultant poverty and debt bonding pushes many towards trafficking drugs and piracy - although the criminality linked to the industry extends far beyond the level of the individual, vessel or fleet. \n \nUsing first hand testimony and shocking examples of these abuses, the book uncovers these crimes and injustices, with the authors arguing for regulations which if implemented could protect the rights of fishers across the board.
PLANETARY ECOSYNTHESIS AS ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Terraforming is the process of applying global engineering techniques to transform the climate of a planet into one that is habitable for terrestrial organisms. Ecosynthesis is the process of introducing a succession of ecosystems to such a terraformed planet. The process of introducing terrestrial ecosystems to Mars can be compared to a descent down a terrestrial mountain. Each drop in elevation results in a warmer, wetter climate and more diverse biological community. Beginning with a polar desert, the sequence of ecosystems passes through tundra, boreal forest, and temperate ecosystems where moisture determines the presence of desert, grassland, or forest. Mars is like a very high terrestrial mountain. The goal of planetary engineering is to bring the climate of Mars down that mountain to the point where some areas of the planet have a climate similar to a polar desert At that point a microbial ecosystem containing bacteria, cyanobacteria, green algae and lichens can be introduced. Subsequent engineering and biological feedbacks will move the climate of Mars further down the mountain through successively more moderate climates and more diverse ecosystems. At each stage the organisms will alter the environment to prepare the way for subsequent stages. This model provides a logical framework for the sequence of ecosystems to be established on Mars. The physical requirements for the introduction of each system on Mars can be extrapolated from the known limitations on Earth. The ecosystems define the communities to search for potential colonizing species based on their physiological properties.
A Situation-Specific Theory of End-of-Life Communication in Nursing Homes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

High-quality end-of-life communication between healthcare professionals (HCPs), patients and/or their family caregivers (FCs) improves quality of life and reduces non-beneficial care at the end of life. Nursing homes (NHs) are among the contexts at the forefront of these conversations. Having a solid theoretical basis for the role of end-of-life communication in NHs in transitioning to palliative-oriented care can offer indications for research, practice, education, and policy related to geropalliative care. This study aimed to develop a situation-specific theory of end-of-life communication in NHs by refining an existing theory. A four-step integrative approach was employed that included: (1) checking the assumptions for theorization; (2) exploring the phenomenon through multiple sources; (3) theorizing; and (4) reporting. All elements of the existing end-of-life communication theory in NHs were confirmed: end-of-life communication improved the understanding of FCs about their relatives’ health conditions, shared decision-making, and reflections on the desired preferences of residents/FCs for care at the end of life. Furthermore, the family environment affected the burden of FCs in the decision-making process. Finally, time and resource constraints, regulations, visitation restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and social and cultural values influenced the quality and timing of communication. The study findings confirmed the impact of the political, historical, social, and cultural context on end-of-life communication, thus providing the basis for a situation-specific theory.