jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) software library developed at Idaho National Laboratory is a tool. MOOSE, like other tools, doesn't actually complete a task. Instead, MOOSE seeks to reduce the effort required to create engineering simulation applications. MOOSE itself is a software library: a blank canvas upon which you write equations and then MOOSE can help you solve them. MOOSE is comparable to a spreadsheet application. A spreadsheet, by itself, doesn't do anything. Only once equations are entered into it will a spreadsheet application compute anything. Such is the same for MOOSE. An engineer or scientist can utilize the equation solvers within MOOSE to solve equations related to their area of study. For instance, a geomechanical scientist can input equations related to water flow in underground reservoirs and MOOSE can solve those equations to give the scientist an idea of how water could move over time. An engineer might input equations related to the forces in steel beams in order to understand the load bearing capacity of a bridge. Because MOOSE is a blank canvas it can be useful in many scientific and engineering pursuits.
A Survey of Educational Interventions on Mental Health Literacy and Life Adjustment in Lagos State, Nigeria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study investigates the role of educational interventions in improving mental health literacy and life adjustment strategies, which include stress management, emotional regulation, and problem-solving, among adults in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research survey. The population for this study comprised adults and youths aged 18 to 50 years in Lagos State, Nigeria. A sample size of 200 participants was selected for this study, and the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The study used two self-developed instruments for data collection, which are the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire (MHLQ) and Life Adjustment Inventory (LAI), with items measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results showed educational interventions are effective in improving mental health literacy and life adjustment strategies. The study concludes by recommending the implementation of structured mental health education programs in educational and community settings across Lagos State.
Bioactivity of marine organisms: Part VIII--Screening of some marine flora of western coast of India.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Methanolic extracts of 31 botanically identified species of marine flora, collected from Gujarat Coast, have been screened for a wide range of biological activities. Of these, 3 extracts showed anti-implantation, 2 had antiviral, 2 showed hypotensive, 1 had anti-inflammatory while 12 extracts showed diuretic activities. The antiviral activity; against EMCV, was confirmed in one alga. The active principles and results of these studies are reported.
Analysis of word-formation processes in the English and Russian thematic groups “insectophones”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the consideration of derivative processes in the English and Russian thematic groups “insectophones” / «инсектофоны». Due to the diversity of the compared languages, the features of word formation in the studied groups are revealed and the processes of occurrence of insectophones in the language are described. For the English language, the key methods are derivation methods such as stem composition, suffixation, back derivation and conversion. The most productive is the stem composition. For the Russian language within the framework of the studied thematic group, the leading methods can be called the same as in English with the exception of conversion. In Russian, the most common way of forming insectophones is suffixation. In both languages, insectophones formed using diminutive suffixes, which subsequently lost the meaning of subjective assessment, are identified. In compound words in English and Russian, the place of the repeating element is different (in English - in the second place, in Russian - in the first one).
freiburg.de

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this work we formulate strategic decision models describing when and how many reserved instances should be bought when outsourcing a workload to an Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) provider. Current IaaS providers offer various pricing options for leasing computing resources. When decision makers are faced with the choice and most importantly with uneven workloads, the decision at which time and with which type of computing resource to work is no longer trivial. We present case studies taken from the online services industry and present solution models to solve the various use case problems and compare them. Following a thorough numerical analysis using both real, as well as augmented workload traces in simulations, we found that it is cost efficient to (1) have a balanced portfolio of resource options and (2) avoid commitments in the form of upfront payments when faced with uncertainty. Compared to a simple IaaS benchmark, this allows cutting costs by 20%.
Prognostic impact of MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations assessed by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction in IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smouldering Waldenström macroglobulinaemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) is characterized by recurrent somatic mutations in MYD88 and CXCR4 genes. However, limitations arise when analysing these mutations in IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or smouldering WM (SWM) given the lower tumour load. Here, we used droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) to analyse MYD88 L265P and CXCR4 S338* mutations (C1013G and C1013A) in unsorted bone marrow (BM) or cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) samples from 101 IgM MGUS and 69 SWM patients. ddPCR was more sensitive to assess MYD88 L265P compared to allele‐specific PCR, especially in IgM MGUS (64% vs 39%). MYD88 mutation burden correlated with other laboratory biomarkers, particularly BM infiltration ( r = 0.8; p < 0.001). CXCR4 C1013G was analysed in MYD88 ‐mutated samples with available genomic DNA and was detected in 19/54 (35%) and 18/42 (43%) IgM MGUS and SWM cases respectively, also showing correlation with BM involvement ( r = 0.9; p < 0.001). ddPCR also detected 8 (38%) and 10 (63%) MYD88 ‐mutated cfDNA samples in IgM MGUS and SWM respectively. Moreover, high BM mutation burden (≥8% MYD88 and ≥2% CXCR4 ) was associated with an increased risk of progression to symptomatic WM. We show the clinical applicability of ddPCR to assess MYD88 and CXCR4 in IgM MGUS and SWM and provide a molecular‐based risk classification.
Bibliometric Mapping of the Computational Intelligence Field

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a bibliometric study of the computational intelligence field is presented. Bibliometric maps showing the associations between the main concepts in the field are provided for the periods 1996–2000 and 2001–2005. Both the current structure of the field and the evolution of the field over the last decade are analyzed. In addition, a number of emerging areas in the field are identified. It turns out that computational intelligence can best be seen as a field that is structured around four important types of problems, namely control problems, classification problems, regression problems, and optimization problems. Within the computational intelligence field, the neural networks and fuzzy systems subfields are fairly intertwined, whereas the evolutionary computation subfield has a relatively independent position.
Reformy wojskowe Władysława IV. Pytania i wątpliwości

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ladislaus IV’s military reforms. Questions and doubts The article is devoted to selected issues related to the so-called military reforms of Ladislaus IV Vasa. In the opinion of the author, the changes – hitherto associated with the activities of the king – began in the middle of the second decade of the seventeenth century and were primarily associated with an attempt to increase the firepower of the cavalry. Dragoons appeared in the Polish-Lithuanian army, reiters were enlisted more often and in greater numbers, various types of infantry could be found more and more often in the quarter army ranks. The number and thus the role of infantry and dragoons significantly increased during the war for the mouth of the Vistula River (1626–1629). At that time, attempts were also made, with considerable success, to replace small independent companies with large regiments. Ladislaus IV referred to these solutions in the course of preparations for the wars of 1633–1635. The surviving sources allow us to question the view that Władysław IV’s intention was to create troops modeled on foreign ones, but recruited from among peasants and townspeople. The monarch, like Sigismund III, sought to form infantry units and dragoons composed of nobility, reinforced by foreigners and plebeians. At the same time, from the mid1620s, the Polish-Hungarian infantry began to undergo changes, making it look like foreign troops (establishment of the office of captain, re-arming with muskets, change in the method of calculating pay). Military reforms began before the accession of Władysław IV to the throne, and the king was not the only author of them, his advisers played an important role in the process of creating the army. However, it must not be forgotten that if it had not been for the stubbornness of the monarch, the Polish-Lithuanian army at Smolensk in 1633 would most likely have taken on a more traditional character. The king also played a significant role in the development of military law, engineering and cartography, as well as the reconstruction of the artillery, which allows him to be considered one of the leading architects of military changes in PolandLithuania in the first half of the 17th century.
Statin prescription among patients with type 2 diabetes in Botswana: findings and implications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background There is evidence of statin benefit among patients with diabetes regardless of their cholesterol levels or prior cardiovascular disease history. Despite the evidence, there is under-prescription of statins in clinical practice. This study aimed to assess statin prescriptions and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes in Botswana. Methods The study was a secondary data analysis of 500 randomly selected type 2 diabetes patients at a specialised diabetes clinic at Gaborone, Botswana. We assessed the proportion of statin-eligible patients who are prescribed statins and evaluated the adjusted associations between various factors and statin prescription. Results Overall, 477(95.4%) participants were eligible for statin prescription. Clinicians prescribed statins in 217 (45.5%%) of eligible participants, and only one(4.4%) ineligible participant. The probability of statin prescription was high in participants with high baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (risk ratio [RR]: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.17-1.89), increasing duration of diabetes(RR: 1.01; 95%CI 1.00-1.03) and the presence of chronic kidney disease(RR: 1.35; 95%CI: 1.06-1.74). Conclusion Most patients with type 2 diabetes in Gaborone are not receiving statins. Clinicians did not consider most guideline-recommended indications for statin prescription. The findings call for improvement in diabetes quality of care by implementing evidence-based guideline recommendations.
A training model for the community healthcare volunteers’ knowledge on periodontal disease and birth outcome

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Indonesian community healthcare volunteers and pregnant women have not received sufficient special training; they lack knowledge about periodontal disease risks during pregnancy and childbirth. The purpose of this research was to increase community healthcare volunteers' knowledge about periodontal disease, which is a risk during pregnancy and childbirth.Methods: The 9 step theory based training model included stages from problem identification to evaluation that would be incorporated into dental and oral health education programs at public health centers. A quantitative pre-experiment with one subject group compared pre-test and post-test designs. Dentists provided 9-step training to 53 community healthcare volunteers at a health center, East Jakarta. Fifty pregnant women were then given similar training by the community healthcare volunteers.Results: The result was an increase in knowledge among community healthcare volunteers and pregnant women (α=0.05; p=0.000 with the Wilcoxon test). No significant difference was observed on educational aids between flipchart and puzzle cards in increasing knowledge among community healthcare volunteers (p=0.969 with an independent t-test) and pregnant women (p=0.359 with the Mann-Whitney test).Conclusions: The 9-step theory–based training model was found to be effective in increasing knowledge among community healthcare volunteers. Flipchart and puzzle cards were equally effective in increasing knowledge among community healthcare volunteers and pregnant women.
Minimizing Nonconvex Population Risk from Rough Empirical Risk.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Population risk is always of primary interest in machine learning; however, learning algorithms only have access to the empirical risk. Even for applications with nonconvex nonsmooth losses (such as modern deep networks), the population risk is generally significantly more well-behaved from an optimization point of view than the empirical risk. In particular, sampling can create many spurious local minima. We consider a general framework which aims to optimize a smooth nonconvex function $F$ (population risk) given only access to an approximation $f$ (empirical risk) that is pointwise close to $F$ (i.e., $\|F-f\|_{\infty} \le \nu$). Our objective is to find the $\epsilon$-approximate local minima of the underlying function $F$ while avoiding the shallow local minima---arising because of the tolerance $\nu$---which exist only in $f$. We propose a simple algorithm based on stochastic gradient descent (SGD) on a smoothed version of $f$ that is guaranteed to achieve our goal as long as $\nu \le O(\epsilon^{1.5}/d)$. We also provide an almost matching lower bound showing that our algorithm achieves optimal error tolerance $\nu$ among all algorithms making a polynomial number of queries of $f$. As a concrete example, we show that our results can be directly used to give sample complexities for learning a ReLU unit.
Origin and evolution of ultradiffuse galaxies in different environments

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT We study the formation of ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) using the cosmological hydrodynamical simulation TNG50 of the Illustris-TNG suite. We define UDGs as dwarf galaxies in the stellar mass range $\rm {7.5 \le log (M_{\star } / {\rm M}_{\odot }) \le 9 }$ that are in the 5 per cent most extended tail of the simulated mass–size relation. This results in a sample of UDGs with half-mass radii $\rm {r_{h \star } \gtrsim 2 \ kpc}$ and surface brightness between $\rm {24.5}$ and $\rm {28 \ mag \ arcsec^{-2}}$, similar to definitions of UDGs in observations. The large cosmological volume in TNG50 allows for a comparison of UDGs properties in different environments, from the field to galaxy clusters with virial mass $\rm {M_{200} \sim 2 \times 10^{14} ~ {\rm M}_{\odot }}$. All UDGs in our sample have dwarf-mass haloes ($\rm {M_{200}\sim 10^{11} ~ {\rm M}_{\odot } }$) and show the same environmental trends as normal dwarfs: field UDGs are star-forming and blue while satellite UDGs are typically quiescent and red. The TNG50 simulation predicts UDGs that populate preferentially higher spin haloes and more massive haloes at fixed $\rm {M_{\star }}$ compared to non-UDG dwarfs. This applies also to most satellite UDGs, which are actually ‘born’ UDGs in the field and infall into groups and clusters without significant changes to their size. We find, however, a small subset of satellite UDGs ($\lesssim 10~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) with present-day stellar size a factor ≥1.5 larger than at infall, confirming that tidal effects, particularly in the lower mass dwarfs, are also a viable formation mechanism for some of these dwarfs, although sub-dominant in this simulation.
A STUDY ON CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT OF THE SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study's purpose is to reveal the mechanism of conservation management of the Sydney Opera House by analyzing the five major renovations work which affects its state of completions. This study consists of the following steps; 1. To divide the period of conservation management by identifying “the long-term renovation programme”, 2. To set the type of renovation work by creating its renovation history, 3. To consider entirely mechanism of conservation management by analysis of transition of required performance, 4. To consider the influence of the five major renovations on mechanism of conservation management by reveal positioning of five major renovations on the mechanism of conservation management.
Evidence and Explanation in History and Sociology: Critical Reflections on Goldthorpe's Critique of Historical Sociology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

En 1991, en publiant « The uses of history in sociology » , John Goldthorpe ouvrait la voie a un vaste debat sur les rapports entre ces deux disciplines. Cet article constitue un examen critique des positions de Goldthorpe sur certaines questions que pose une sociologie historique. L'A. degage trois points importants : l' « evidence » historique est caracterisee par une authenticite sociale et par une « multivalence » informationnelle ; la nature temporelle des phenomenes sociaux autorise un rapprochement entre les modes d'analyses de l'histoire et ceux de la sociologie, a savoir l'adoption d'une logique contextuelle d'explication ; l'emploi de sources historiques secondaires permet, sous certaines conditions, des liens non-arbitraires entre evidence et interpretation
Complex Systems and Renormalization Group Explanations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Despite the close connection between the central limit theorem and renormalization group (RG) methods, the latter should be considered fundamentally distinct from the kind of probabilistic framework associated with statistical mechanics, especially the notion of averaging. The mathematics of RG is grounded in dynamical systems theory rather than probability, which raises important issues with respect to the way RG generates explanations of physical phenomena. I explore these differences and show why RG methods should be considered not just calculational tools but the basis for a physical understanding of complex systems in terms of structural properties and relations.
Visibility for Indigenous Students and Their Languages: Analysis of Home Language Data in Federal Reports across Seven U.S. States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is an increasing number of children in the U.S. classified as English Learners (ELs). Accurately identifying and supporting ELs in their academic settings entails understanding their non-English language experiences. This study presents findings from language reporting practices from seven U.S. states by examining how states account for the linguistic diversity of Indigenous Mesoamerican languages. Our findings reveal varied state approaches and underscore the limitations of current federal guidance, which limits the recognition of students’ non-English language experiences. We advocate for updating language identification practices and policies and propose a new framework for accurate language identification and continuous monitoring of student linguistic diversity.
Research on Automatic Configuration Technology of Secondary Equipment Configuration Test in Intelligent Substation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the development of electric internet of things, substation focuses on building an intelligent system with intelligent information processing and convenient and flexible application. The secondary equipment is updated frequently, and the method of manual test configuration has been difficult to meet the work requirements. This paper presents an automatic configuration method of secondary equipment based on knowledge graph technology. Build the test knowledge graph of secondary equipment, and establish the knowledge association between intelligent electronic device (TED) file and test configuration, test equipment, configuration information point and information path. Based on the word2vec model, the word embedding vector of the secondary equipment test proprietary vocabulary is fused, and then the mapping relationship is deduced based on the information retrieval path and the text similarity of the configuration file. The experimental results show that the method of automatic configuration of secondary equipment test based on knowledge graph is scientific, effective, and has high accuracy, which is suitable for practical engineering application.
The Fourier Integral and Its Applications (Athanasios Papoulis)

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Previous article Next article The Fourier Integral and Its Applications (Athanasios Papoulis)H. O. PollakH. O. Pollakhttps://doi.org/10.1137/1007031PDFBibTexSections ToolsAdd to favoritesExport CitationTrack CitationsEmail SectionsAbout Previous article Next article FiguresRelatedReferencesCited ByDetails Volume 7, Issue 1| 1965SIAM Review History Published online:01 August 2006 InformationCopyright © 1965 © Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsPDF Download Article & Publication DataArticle DOI:10.1137/1007031Article page range:pp. 159-161ISSN (print):0036-1445ISSN (online):1095-7200Publisher:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Emission Reduction in Urban Environments by Replacing Conventional City Buses with Electric Bus Technology: A Case Study of Pakistan

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The global transportation industry has become one of the main contributors to air pollution. Consequently, electric buses and green transportation are gaining popularity as crucial steps to reduce emission concerns. Many developed countries have already adopted the concept of Battery Electric Buses (BEBs), while the developing ones are just starting with it. However, BEB fleets have advantages, such as lower fuel, higher efficiency, lower maintenance, and energy security. Yet, several obstacles must be overcome to support the mass deployment of BEBs. These incorporate forthright expense charges, arranging loads, BEB reach, and newness to BEB innovation. Stakeholders like policymakers, private company owners, and government leaders have a lot to consider before introducing BEBs at any level in Pakistan. As a result, to operate an electric bus system profitably, it is crucial to develop a proper electric bus network and fleet, especially for bus operators who need to buy enough electric buses at the appropriate time. As a result, this paper aims to investigate if operating an electric bus could be an alternative to regular bus operations. The proposed methodology develops modeling software to cater to various scenarios to determine a proper-designed electric bus operating system in terms of the electric bus route, service frequency, and quantity. This research work simulates and financially analyses an operating Public Transport Infrastructure with a proposed Green Solution. The results show that regardless of the high upfront costs of BEB infrastructure, it becomes profitable in 6-7 years, resulting in a decreased Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of approximately 30% of its counterpart. The study also provides a clear policy pathway to help stakeholders make informed decisions related to the electrification of public transport in Pakistan.