jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing laminates from sympodial bamboos—an Indian experience

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In recent years bamboo has been rediscovered as an important renewable material with great potential. Industrial bamboo products will also result in alleviating the pressure on forests, as well as creating employment opportunities for rural/tribal poor, particularly women. Considering this, the Government of India has launched an important national initiative for promotion of bamboo products in mission mode. Laminated bamboo boards are closest to wood both in appearance and properties and are generally manufactured from the monopodial bamboo, namely Phyllostachys pubescens. The material is highly suitable for flooring and furniture. Working on a project funded by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, IPIRTI has evolved a process for making bamboo wood (laminates) from a sympodial bamboo found in several states of India, namely Bambusa bambos. Strength properties of bamboo wood are comparable to those of Tectona grandis (teak). A flat-pack table and a wall stand were also designed and fabricated, indicating the suitability of the material for furniture.
A Meta-Analysis of Fecal Bacterial Diversity in Dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

본 연구에서는 클로닝과 생어 염기서열 분석으로 획득된 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열을 메타분석하여 반려견 분변 박테리아를 조사하였다. 이러한 메타분석을 위해서 RDP 데이터베이스(Release 11, Update 3)에 등록되어 있는 반려견 분변 박테리아 유래 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열 검색하여 획득하였다. RDP 데이터베이스에서 총 420개의 반려견 분변 박테리아 유래 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열이 확인되었고, 그 중에서 42개 유전자 염기서열이 배양가능한 박테리아에서 유래한 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 420개의 유전자 염기서열은 박테리아 분류학상의 '문'(phylum)에서 총 5개(Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria)로 분류되었다. 그 중에서 Firmicutes가 가장 우점하는 '문'이었고, 총 420개 유전자 중에서 55.2%를 차지하였다. Bacteroidetes는 32.1%로 두 번째로 우점하는 '문'이였고, 다음으로 Actinobacteria(6.4%), Fusobacteria(3.8%), Proteobacteria(2.4%)가 우점하였다. 박테리아 분류학상의 '속'(genus)에서는 Bacteroidetes의 하위 단계인 Bacteroides가 가장 우점하였고 총 420개 유전자 중에서 30.0%를 차지하였다. 반면에 Firmicutes의 하위 단계인 Clostridium XI는 두 번째로 우점하는 '속'으로 총 420개 유전자 중에서 27.4%를 차지하였다. 추정상의 '종'(species)인 Operational taxonomic units의 수는 82개로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 반려견 분변 내 미생물 다양성을 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이고, 향후 반려견의 건강과 웰빙에 관한 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것이다. In this study, a meta-analysis of fecal bacteria in dogs was conducted using 16S rRNA gene sequences that have been recovered from cloning and Sanger sequencing. For this meta-analysis, we retrieved all 16S rRNA gene sequences recovered from fecal bacteria in dogs in the RDP database (Release 11, Update 3). A total of 420 sequences were identified from the RDP database, 42 of which were also recovered from cultured isolates. The 420 sequences were assigned to five phyla, of which Firmicutes was the most predominant phylum, accounting for 55.2% of all 420 sequences. Bacteroidetes was the second most predominant phylum, accounting for 32.1% of the 420 sequences, followed by Actinobacteria (6.4%), Fusobacteria (3.8%), and Proteobacteria (2.4%). The genus Bacteroides within Bacteroidetes was the largest, representing 30.0% of all 420 sequences, while the putative genus Clostridium XI within Firmicutes was the second largest, representing 27.4% of all 420 sequences. A total of 82 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that are putative species were identified from the retrieved sequences. The results of this study will improve understanding of the diversity of fecal bacteria in dogs and guide future studies on the health and well-being of dogs.
The influence of drawing on children's eyewitness testimony

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Twenty-six children (13 boys, 13 girls, mean age = 9.19 years) in the 3`(1 and 4`h grades at a private parochial school participated in a memory event in their classroom, in which a visitor talked to the children about a joke. On the way out of the classroom, the visitor nonchalantly picked up a book planted for this study. Immediately following the event, the children were individually interviewed about the visitor and the book to assess their memory of the event. Some of the children were asked to draw and tell their answers while others were asked to just tell their answers. Two coders independently tabulated the number of correct details and errors reported by the children. Counter to the hypothesis, results show that drawing did not increase the number of correct details the children recalled when compared to the tell only group. Also, drawing did not significantly increase the number of errors the children made. From a practical standpoint, drawing has the potential to be very useful in forensic interviews with children.
ElectriPop: Low-Cost, Shape-Changing Displays Using Electrostatically Inflated Mylar Sheets

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We describe how sheets of metalized mylar can be cut and then "inflated" into complex 3D forms with electrostatic charge for use in digitally-controlled, shape-changing displays. This is achieved by placing and nesting various cuts, slits and holes such that mylar elements repel from one another to reach an equilibrium state. Importantly, our technique is compatible with industrial and hobbyist cutting processes, from die and laser cutting to handheld exacto-knives and scissors. Given that mylar film costs <$1 per m2, we can create self-actuating 3D objects for just a few cents, opening new uses in low-cost consumer goods. We describe a design vocabulary, interactive simulation tool, fabrication guide, and proof-of-concept electrostatic actuation hardware. We detail our technique's performance metrics along with qualitative feedback from a design study. We present numerous examples generated using our pipeline to illustrate the rich creative potential of our method.
Video Streaming and Internalized Surveillance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to develop knowledge about the complicated ways in which the modern individual uses surveillance (techniques) and the ways surveillance uses the individual. My observational analysis of a videostreaming community reveals the central role that surveillance plays in participating and becoming visible in an online environment. The results show that through disciplinary and lateral surveillance, participants produced context-defined I-narrations and formed themselves following the normative judgment of the environment. The same mechanism may be observed in other videostreaming social media environments and the modern social media-saturated society in general. This is an inconspicuous way to produce surveillant individualism. Contrary to the notion of exploitative participation, this study reveals the productive power of surveillance. My research suggests that disciplinary power is integrated into the everyday in online DIY environments and it creates the space and framework for communication in these environments. Surveillance practices offer empowering means for forming identities.
[Etiology analysis of 38 patients with hemophagocytic syndrome].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study was aimed to investigate the etiology and the clinical characteristics of patients with hemophagocytic syndrome. The clinical data of 38 patients with hemophagocytic syndrome were retrospectively analyzed, and prf1 and stx11 were detected for the mutational analysis. The results showed that 38 cases were diagnosed as hemophagocytic syndrome, including 1 case of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL), 14 cases associated with infectious disease (36.84%), 10 cases with malignancies (26.32%), 7 cases with rheumatic disease (18.42%), other 6 cases of unknown etiology (15.79%). 9 out of 38 cases died with mortality of 23.68%, including 4 cases associated with infectious disease, 2 cases with malignancies, 1 case with rheumatic disease, and 2 cases of unknown etiology. One case was found to have prf1 mutation, and was diagnosed as FHL at last. It is concluded that the causes of HPS are diverse, different etiology results in different outcome. It is important to find etiology when HPS is diagnosed, and prf1 and stx11 genetic analysis plays a important role in the diagnosis of FHL.
Mikroçip verisinin prob seviyesinde incelenerek çoklu adenin bölgelerinin bulunduğu yerlerin tahmin edilmesi.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In general, identi fication of polyadenylation sites in 3' untranslated regions of genes is carried out by DNA sequencing. However, there is no direct high-throughput screen to detect the polyadenylation sites which are activated under particular circumstances or in certain tissues. Since microarray manufacturers usually overlook the alternative polyadenylation events when their microarrays are produced, certain design decisions of these microarrays can be used for detecting polyadenylation sites. In this thesis, we introduce a method and a corresponding tool which investigates the hybridization levels of individual probes in a probe set of a transcript to identify differential expression of two subsets of probes to the upstream and downstream of a known polyadenylation site, respectively. For the identi fication of the putative polyadenylation sites, we also introduce a new method that is not based on sequence information. This technique analyzes the differential expression of every possible proximal/distal grouping in a probe set and detects statistically signi ficant variations between groups. Such a variation is an indicator of a putative polyadenylation site in between the last nucleotide of the probe sequence of the proximal subset and the fi rst nucleotide of the probe sequence of the distal subset. We apply our method to several microarray samples that are manufactured under different conditions. We discuss the performance of our method on these datasets. Our results show that we are able to detect polyadenylation sites that are not in common polyadenylation databases but veri fied by biological experiments.
Determination of Cloud Effect on the Performance of Photovoltaic Module

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This letter investigates the effect of cloud on the performance of solar PV panel.The intensity of solar radiation is reduced in cloud condition, because cloud interrupts beam radiation reaching the earth surface as a result, this affect the output performance of the PV module.Outdoor experiment and simulations of parameters of the PV module are conducted using MATLAB to investigate this effect.Result shows that the cloud reducesthe efficiency of the PV module by blocking some part of the Sun insolation.In the three experimental locations of this work, the reduction in efficiency was found to be from 0.96% to 3.77%.
Avaliação do perfil epidemiológico de pacientes diagnosticados com fasciite plantar no serviço de ortopedia e traumatologia do Hospital Regional de Taguatinga / Evaluation of the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis in the orthopedics and traumatology service of Hospital Regional de Taguatinga

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introdução: a fasciite plantar é uma síndrome álgica comum. No entanto de causa ainda desconhecida e tratamento controverso. Embora seja uma condição frequente, existem poucos estudos sobre as características epidemiológicas dessa patologia na população brasileira, Métodos: entre novembro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020 foi aplicado um questionário sobre dados socioculturais, antropométricos e histórico de comorbidades a 30 pacientes atendidos pela unidade de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital Regional de Taguatinga. Resultados: a maioria dos pacientes foi do sexo feminino (73,33%), entre 20 a 40 anos de idade (46,67%) encontrava-se acima do peso (80%) e era sedentário (70%). 46,67% já havia realizado tratamento para a condição e 43% referiu ser portador de outra comorbidade. Conclusão: a incidência de fasciite plantar mostrou-se aumentada em pacientes do sexo feminino, acima do peso, sedentárias e em idade economicamente ativa.
VAR EVIDENCE FOR THE FIRST 12 EURO COUNTRIES

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In a period of heightened concern about fiscal consolidation in the euro area, a politically expedient way of controlling the public budget is to cut public investment. A critical question, however, is whether or not political expediency comes at a cost, in terms of both long-term economic performance and future budgetary contention efforts. First, common wisdom suggests that public investments have positive effects on economic performance although the empirical evidence is less clear. Second, it is conceivable that public investment has such strong effects on output that over time it generates enough additional tax revenues to pay for itself. Obviously, it is equally plausible that the effects on output although positive are not strong enough for the public investment to pay for itself. In this paper, we investigate these issues empirically for the first twelve countries in the euro area using a vector auto-regressive approach. We conclude that the euro countries can be gathered in four groups according to the nature of the economic and budgetary impact of
Primacy and recency effects in nonhuman primates.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The reports of primacy and recency memory effects in nonhuman primates have been criticized because they have all used an initiating response. That is, the presentation of the to-be-remembered list of items was always contingent on a response being initiated by the nonhuman primate. It has been argued that this initiating response improves performance for early items in the list, resulting in the occurrence of the primacy effect, independent of any memory processing mechanism. This criticism was addressed in the present study by not using an initiating response prior to the presentation of the list. Nevertheless, both a primacy and a recency effect were observed in all 6 rhesus monkeys evaluated using a serial probe recognition task. Thus, the results are similar to those for humans, in that both primacy and recency effects can be obtained in nonhuman primates. A brief literature review is included, and it is proposed that the primacy and recency effects observed in humans, nonhuman primates, and infraprimates can be explained within the context of the configural-association theory.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Toll-like Receptor Agonist Imiquimod Facilitates Antigen-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell Accumulation in the Genital Tract Leading to Tumor Control through IFNγ

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 81K, Characterization of tumor infiltrating T cells following treatment with systemic DNA vaccination and locally applied imiquimod.</p>
Anticarcinogenic Effects of α-Mangostin: A Review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cancer chemoprevention is a promising strategy taken to block, reverse, or retard carcinogenesis. α-Mangostin, a natural xanthone isolated from the pericarps of mangosteen, represents one of the most studied chemopreventive agents. This compound has been reported to interfere with all the major stages of carcinogenesis: initiation, promotion, and progression. A number of mechanisms have been proposed for its anticarcinogenic activities. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms that contribute to the observed activity of α-mangostin related to (i) modulation of carcinogenic biotransformation and mitigation of oxidative damage, (ii) induction of growth arrest and apoptosis, (iii) suppression of angiogenesis and metastasis, and (iv) combination with clinical chemotherapy drugs enhancing their efficacy and decreasing the toxic side effects. In addition, pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies of α-mangostin have also been highlighted in this review. Despite an overwhelming amount of knowledge in preclinical studies, there was almost no translation of α-mangostin into the clinic. It is hoped that continuous extensive and profound research will lead to the application of α-mangostin from experimental studies to evidence-based, clinically applicable pharmacotherapy.
Elite interest and economic development

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we study how fiscal capacity and inequality in capital endowment affect the elite’s decision to liberalise intermediate goods monopolies that they own. We do this by extending Li et al. (2014)’s general equilibrium model of ‘state capitalism’ in China to accommodate fiscal capacity and inequality in capital endowment. In this setting, liberalisation means that the intermediate goods are produced by competitive firms earning zero profits, rather than monopolies, leading to higher total income and greater efficiency. Among other results, we show that the elite prefer liberalisation if the share of capital that they own is sufficiently large. Intuitively, this is because with a high enough capital endowment of the elite, the additional capital income due to efficient liberalisation offsets the loss of monopoly profits. We also show that the elite prefer liberalisation if fiscal capacity is sufficiently great, that is, if the elite can set high enough tax rates on the income of the non-elites. Intuitively, this is because with a sufficiently great fiscal capacity, the elite can appropriate enough of the additional surplus generated by liberalisation to offset the loss of monopoly profits. Finally, we use data on elite capital endowment and fiscal capacity from 20 countries to argue that the predictions of our model are consistent with the real world.
Physical conditions of protosolar matter

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

I review a few astronomical constraints concerning physical conditions in and evolutionary time–scales of protoplanetary discs. Some revisions are suggested to the scenario by which short–lived radioactive species would enter the protosolar cloud. The increasing evidence for substantial grain growth in discs at ages of 1 Myr is also outlined. Protoplanetary discs are accretion discs; when (inner) dust emission decreases strongly, accretion stops, demonstrating a relationship between the disappearance of infrared excess emission and accretable gas. The time–scale for disc ‘clearing’ is ca. 3–10 Myr, with a large range for individual systems. If disc masses estimated from dust emission are at all accurate, then the amount of material accreted onto the central star during the T Tauri phase is a substantial fraction of the total disc mass available at 1 Myr; and this in turn implies substantial radial motion of the accreting material during disc evolution. It may be that the formation of planets is the primary mechanism resulting in the cessation of accretion; certainly it is difficult to see how gas can be removed from T Tauri discs on 10 Myr time–scales.
Immunization with gp96 from Listeria monocytogenes-Infected Mice Is Due to N-Formylated Listerial Peptides

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract N-Formylated (N-f-met) peptides derived from proteins of the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes generate a protective, H2-M3-restricted CD8 T cell response in C57BL/6 mice. N-f-met peptide-specific CTL were generated in vitro when mice previously immunized with gp96 isolated from donor mice infected with L. monocytogenes were stimulated with these peptides. No significant peptide-specific CTL activity was observed in mice immunized with gp96 from uninfected animals. Masses corresponding to one N-f-met peptide were found by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry on gp96 isolated from C57BL/6 mice infected with L. monocytogenes, but not on gp96 from noninfected mice. Therefore, bacterial N-f-met peptides from intracellular bacteria can bind to gp96 in the infected host, and gp96 loaded with these peptides can generate N-f-met-peptide-specific CTL. We assume a unique role of gp96 in Ag processing through the H2-M3 pathway.
Contribution to the taxonomic elucidation of the Geonoma maxima complex (Arecaceae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Geonoma maxima (Poit.) Kunth is an example of a species complex, among many others restricted to Neotropical rain forests, which contribute to their high species diversity. Using environmental, morphological, karyological, and molecular data, we aim to test the taxonomic circumscription of 3 of the 11 G. maxima subspecies defined in the latest taxonomic treatment. We evaluated 217 samples of G. maxima complex from Ducke Reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Environmental preferences were significant at the 0.1% level. Subspecies maxima occurred in the slope, subsp. chelidonura in the floodplain, and subsp. spixiana in the plateau. Leaf morphology and height were different for each subspecies, but not leaf anatomy. The karyotypes of subspp. c helidonura and maxima were symmetrical with 2 n = 28 chromosomes, 16 metacentric and 12 submetacentric. Molecular analysis revealed two groups, one comprised subspp. maxima and chelidonura, and the other formed exclusively by subsp. spixiana. At Ducke Reserve, it is clear that the three subspecies are easily recognizable morphologically and ecologically, and it is likely that they do not interbreed locally. However, if these subspecies are analyzed on a larger geographic scale, it may not be possible to separate them.
Reproductive Biology of Tropical Lowland Rain Forest Trees. II. Pollination Systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The reproductive biology of tree species of a tropical rain forest was investigated to determine the relative frequency and spatial distribution of different types of pollination mechanisms. Species pollinated by medium-sized to large bees were most frequent, followed by those pollinated by moths, small diverse insects and small bees, in that order. Almost one half the total species were found to have pollinators with wide foraging ranges. Species pollinated by various groups of pollinators were distributed non-randomly. The greatest diversity of pollination systems was found in the subcanopy. As compared to the subcanopy, pollination mechanisms in the canopy were monotonous, consisting primarily of species pollinated by bees and small diverse insects. The hummingbird- and sphingid moth-pollinated species were found mainly in the subcanopy. The factors underlying the non-random distribution of pollinators are discussed and the potential implications of such distribution on the forest structure are explored.