jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate-dependent regulation of alpha 1-adrenergic receptor number in rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent process can be involved in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle alpha 1-adrenergic receptor responsiveness. Experiments were performed in cultured rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells which were characterized previously according to alpha-adrenergic receptor-binding characteristics and receptor-coupled norepinephrine-stimulated 45Ca++ efflux. The addition of dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate to the cell culture medium for 24 hours resulted in a concentration-related decrease in maximal [3H]prazosin-binding capacity (41 +/- 4% decrease with 1 mM dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) without an effect on [3H]prazosin-binding affinity. Prostaglandin E1 (10 microM) and forskolin (10 microM) caused similar decreases in maximal [3H]prazosin-binding capacity, whereas butyrate (1 mM) and dibutyryl-guanosine-3',5' cyclic-monophosphate (1 mM) had no effect. Dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (1 mM) caused significant potentiation of the decrease in [3H]prazosin-binding caused by a submaximal (10 nM) but not a maximal (10 microM) concentration of norepinephrine, suggesting that cyclic adenosine monophosphate may act at a distal step in common with norepinephrine to reduce alpha-adrenergic receptor number. Despite the approximately 41% reduction in alpha-adrenergic receptor number following 24-hour incubation of cells with dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, maximal norepinephrine-stimulated 45Ca++ efflux was not reduced, consistent with the markedly nonlinear relationship between alpha-adrenergic receptor occupancy and maximal norepinephrine-stimulated 45Ca++ efflux in this cell system. These data provide evidence for a novel mechanism by which hormones or drugs which increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels can modulate alpha-adrenergic responsiveness in vascular smooth muscle.
Mesh-Structure-Enabled Programmable Multitask Photonic Signal Processor on a Silicon Chip

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have recently attracted extensive attention in advanced photonic signal processing to meet the ever-increasing demands on high-speed and ultracompact data signal management. However, programmable and multitask photonic signal processing is still full of challenges, especially the scalable photonic integration solution. Here, we design, fabricate, and demonstrate a mesh-structure-enabled programmable multitask photonic signal processor on a silicon chip. It relies on a scalable 2D mesh structure network with a number of hexagonal unit cells formed by building blocks of tunable Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). We study several simple and complex optical filtering functions using configured single ring resonator, cascaded ring resonators, ring-assisted MZI, cascaded MZIs, reconfigurable and tunable comb filter and (de)interleaver, and double-injection ring resonators. For the proof-of-concept demonstration of on-chip programmable multitask photonic signal processing, a monolithically integrated silicon chip with four hexagonal unit cells is fabricated with greatly reduced geometric dimension. By appropriately adjusting the thermo-optic phase shifters of MZIs, versatile programmable multitask photonic signal processing functions are demonstrated in the experiment with impressive performance, including single ring resonator, cascaded ring resonators, asymmetric MZI, ring-assisted MZI, optical delay line, multiport router, and N × N optical switch. In particular, we also demonstrate the optical interference unit (OIU)-enabled self-configurable router and switch and their practical applications in fiber-optic communication systems. The demonstrations may open up new perspectives for on-chip solutions to ultracompact, reconfigurable, programmable, and multifunctional data signal management in advanced optical communication networks.
The Impact of Brand Awareness and Brand Perceived Quality Towards Purchase Intention of Mobile Phone from Customers View in Ethiopia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to examine brand awareness, perceived quality toward purchase intention of customer in mobile phone.The study employed explanatory research design.The convenience sampling techniques used to collect data from 386 respondents.Data collected through closed ended questionnaire with five alternative responses.The data were analyzed by using structural equation (SEM).The result shows that brand awareness is positively related to purchase intention, indicating increased likelihood of considering and intending to purchase products or services from a brand.Brand awareness and perceived quality suggest increased customer trust, an improved brand image, and a higher likelihood of purchase.Researchers suggest that includes other variables, such as brand loyalty, image, and demographics, could also influence these relationships with brand awareness and purchase intention.Use different methodologies, such as surveys and questionnaires, can provide complementary insights.Future researchers will focus to assess the strength and generalizability of the findings.Additionally, considering external factors like marketing campaigns, competitive landscapes, and economic conditions that indicates customers purchase intention.
Oral-Contraceptive-Induced Benign Liver Tumors—The Magnitude of the Problem

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to provide a rough estimate of the annual number of benign liver tumors induced by oral contraceptives (OCs) in the U.S. the resources of the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities (CPHA) in Ann Arbor Michigan were used. CPHA obtains discharge diagnosis information on about 40% of patients discharged from U.S. hospitals. From this data base the CPHA in cooperation with IMS America Limited has constructed a sample of about 1% of all short-term general hospital discharges in the U.S. Using this sample CPHA identified all women younger than age 48 who were discharged during the period 1970-76 with a diagnosis of benign tumor of the liver or biliary passages. The information provided allowed for telephone contact with the physician attending in order to obtain histologic diagnosis of the tumor and information on OC use before diagnosis. There were 7 cases for whom the histologic diagnosis was consistent with the type reported to be associated with OC use: hamartoma 3; adenoma 3; and focal nodular hyperplasia 1. Positive evidence of OC use was recorded in 3 of these 7 cases. In the remaining 4 it was impossible to obtain information on OC use. For the purpose of estimating the annual number of cases of benign liver tumors induced by OCs it has been assumed that all of the remaining 7 cases were induced by OCs and that none of the 2 cases whose exact diagnosis were unknown were related to OC use. From these data it is estimated that there were 700 cases in the U.S. during the 1970-76 period about 100/year. From data of Vana et al. 1977 it is estimated that the annual number of benign liver tumors induced by OCs is about 140 - an estimation similar to that obtained from the CPHA hospital data. Both of these estimates provide sufficient information to conclude that the annual number of benign liver tumors induced by OCs in the U.S. is likely to be in the hundreds rather than in the thousands.
Dispersion interactions in room-temperature ionic liquids: Results from a non-empirical density functional

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The role of dispersion or van de Waals (VDW) interactions in imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids is studied within the framework of density functional theory, using a recently developed non-empirical functional [M. Dion, H. Rydberg, E. Schröder, D. C. Langreth, and B. I. Lundqvist, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 246401 (2004)10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.246401], as efficiently implemented in the SIESTA code [G. Román-Pérez and J. M. Soler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 096102 (2009)10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.096102]. We present results for the equilibrium structure and lattice parameters of several crystalline phases, finding a general improvement with respect to both the local density (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximations (GGA). Similar to other systems characterized by VDW bonding, such as rare gas and benzene dimers as well as solid argon, equilibrium distances and volumes are consistently overestimated by ≈7%, compared to −11% within LDA and 11% within GGA. The intramolecular geometries are retained, while the intermolecular distances and orientations are significantly improved relative to LDA and GGA. The quality is superior to that achieved with tailor-made empirical VDW corrections ad hoc [M. G. Del Pópolo, C. Pinilla, and P. Ballone, J. Chem. Phys. 126, 144705 (2007)10.1063/1.2715571]. We also analyse the performance of an optimized version of this non-empirical functional, where the screening properties of the exchange have been tuned to reproduce high-level quantum chemical calculations [J. Klimes, D. Bowler, and A. Michaelides, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22, 074203 (2010)10.1088/0953-8984/22/7/074203]. The results for solids are even better with volumes and geometries reproduced within 2% of experimental data. We provide some insight into the issue of polymorphism of [bmim][Cl] crystals, and we present results for the geometry and energetics of [bmim][Tf] and [mmim][Cl] neutral and charged clusters, which validate the use of empirical force fields.
A theory of nonlinear susceptibility in polaritonic band‐gap materials doped with multi‐level atoms

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have studied the nonlinear susceptibility in dispersive polaritonic band-gap (DPBG) materials in the presence of five-level impurity atoms. Initially, the atom is prepared in a coherent superposition of two levels |b〉 and |c〉. The levels |b〉 and |c〉 are coupled to the upper level |a〉 with a coherent laser field. The nonlinear susceptibility has been calculated corresponding to transitions |a〉 → |c〉 and |a〉 → |b〉 using the equation of motion for the density matrix. The atomic system is interacting with the polariton reservoir. The effect of atom-polariton reservoir coupling on the imaginary part of the nonlinear susceptibility has been studied when the resonance energy lies in lower band of the polariton spectrum. It is found that by shifting the resonance energy away from the band edge, the system goes to the probe gain state. It is also found that by changing the intensity of the coherent laser field, the system switches from gain to loss state and vice-versa. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A theoretical and experimental investigation into the mechanics of crushing prepared sugar cane

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This thesis describes the results of some three years' work in investigating the mechanical crushing of prepared sugar cane between rolls.The mechanics of juice extraction and reabsorption factor, the pressure distribution on the roll surface, the feeding of cane to the rolls, the roll torque and vector roll load, the energy absorbed in crushing the cane, and the effects of change in roll diameter are discussed. Various methods of measuring the fineness of preparation are compared.Extensive experimental results using a two-roll experimental mill are given and experimental investigations of the permeability of prepared cane, compression tests on prepared cane, the coefficient of friction between prepared cane or bagasse and various surfaces and the viscosity of cane juice are described. Descriptions of the experimental plant and methods of test are also given.
“A Never Ending Source of Wonder”: The Women of Hadassah Create a Modern Medical Center in Jerusalem

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The inauguration of the Hadassah University Medical Center in 1939 was a milestone in the activities of the Hadassah Women’s Zionist Organization of America in Eretz Israel. Until that point, the organization had focused on developing and providing curative and preventative health and social care in Palestine. The establishment of a modern medical center, incorporating nursing and medical schools, changed the organization’s objectives to include medical and scientific research. The building was designed by renowned architect Erich Mendelsohn and became not only one of his most celebrated successes but also an outstanding example of pre-state Israeli architecture. This article examines the influence of Hadassah’s mission and vision on the outcome of the building. What cultural and ideological values were manifested in the architecture of this hospital, built in pre-state Israel by a group of American Jewish Zionist women?
83-OR: Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Have Similar Clinical Profiles and Mortality

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction & Objective: Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has recently replaced the term nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Concern remains whether evidence generated under NAFLD definition is fully applicable to MASLD. We compared the clinical profile and outcomes of NAFLD to MASLD using population-based data. Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III) with the linked Mortality file (through 2019) were used to compare groups defined as NAFLD and MASLD. Hazard ratios (HRs) of MASLD/NAFLD on all-cause mortality were calculated by cox-regression models. Results: Among 2,736 NHANES participants with NAFLD (age 47.80 years, 52.48% male, 47.66% obese, 18.26% T2D, 94.71% ≥ 1 cardiometabolic criteria), only 5.29% patients did not meet MASLD criteria. The clinical profile of MASLD was similar except for age (48.56 years) and presence of cardiometabolic risks (50.32% obese, 19.28% T2D, 100% ≥ 1 cardiometabolic criteria). There was excellent concordance between NAFLD and MASLD definitions (Cohen’s kappa coefficient=0.968 [95% CI: 0.962-0.973]). After a median follow-up of 22.83 years, there were no mortality rate differences between MASLD and NAFLD (p-values ≥ 0.05). Adjusting for socio-demographic factors, lack of healthy eating and physical activity, MASLD had a higher all-cause mortality risk (Hazard Ratio (HR)=1.15 [1.05-1.25]). However, after further adjustment for cardiometabolic risks, MASLD was not associated with increased all-cause mortality (p-value&gt;0.80). Conclusions: NAFLD and MASLD are similar except MASLD subjects are older with slightly higher mortality risk, potentially due to the inclusion of cardiometabolic risk factors. These data provide evidence that NAFLD and MASLD can be used interchangeably. Disclosure Z. Younossi: Consultant; Gilead Sciences, Inc., Bainan Biotech, AbbVie Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Abbott, Novo Nordisk, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc. J.M. Paik: None. P. Golabi: None. J. Ong: None. L. Henry: None. S. Alqahtani: Consultant; AbbVie Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. F. Nader: None.
Prokaryotic Expression and Acetylation Assays of Histone Acetyltransferase PCAF

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

P300/CBP-associated factor(PCAF),an important member of histone acetyltransferase family(HATs) within eukaryotic cells,is capable of inducing the acetylation of histone,promoting the transcription of specific genes and involving in many biological effects.In the present study,full-length cDNA of PCAF was inserted into plasmid pGEX-5x-1,then the soluble protein GST-PCAF was expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3) after the optimization of inducing conditions.The recombinant protein was further purified with affinity chromatography and tested the activity by in vitro acetylation assays.High efficient PCAF protein produced by this method could serve for the study on the role of PCAF in gene regulation and the interaction between PCAF and other proteins.
Patient Satisfaction, is it Truly Indicative of Good Healthcare Outcomes?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Patient satisfaction is a widely used healthcare metric. However, the connection between patient healthcare outcomes and patient satisfaction remains poorly defined. Despite wide use of patient surveys, their relationship to patient outcomes is unclear; this is especially true regarding morbidity, mortality, prescription drug abuse or addiction, healthcare utilization, and expenditures. Since patient satisfaction is used to determine part of provider reimbursement (Department of Health and Human Services, 2015), healthcare providers may seek to improve patient satisfaction instead of healthcare outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to review the relationship between healthcare outcomes and patient satisfaction. In so doing, it is hoped to help answer the question of, “should patient satisfaction be used as a core measure for provider reimbursement?”
Real-time method for fitting time-resolved reflectance and transmittance measurements with a Monte Carlo model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An efficient method is proposed for the evaluation of theabsorption and the transport scattering coefficients from atime-resolved reflectance or transmittance distribution. Theprocedure is based on a library of Monte Carlo simulations and is fastenough to be used in a nonlinear fitting algorithm. Tests performedagainst both Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements ontissue phantoms show that the results are significantly better thanthose obtained by fitting the data with the diffusion approximation, especially for low values of the scattering coefficient. The methodrequires an a priori assumption on the value of theanisotropy factor g. Nonetheless, the transportscattering coefficient is rather independent of the exact knowledge ofthe g value within the range 0.7 < g < 0.9.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE INCIDENCE OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTION IN CHILDREN'S MULTIDISCIPLINARY HOSPITAL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of the evaluation of the incidence of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) in a large children's multidisciplinary hospital are presented.It was established that the epidemic process of ARVI in the conditions of a children's versatile hospital was characterized by high intensity, the prevalence of infections associated with the provision of medical care, and different intensity in the departments, due to the contingent of patients, the features of the treatment and diagnostic process, the intensity of infection drifts. The risk factors for ARVI were high rates of infection drift, overconsolidation of departments, untimely isolation of patients, as well as inefficient ventilation.The introduction of targeted epidemiological surveillance for ARVI in hospital conditions made it possible to quickly assess the epidemiological situation in a multidisciplinary hospital in general and separately for each department for timely and adequate implementation of preventive and anti-epidemic measures.
Salvage of a dialysis angioaccess by bypassing a central venous obstruction to the common femoral vein

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe the case of a 71 year-old male patient undergoing haemodialysis who presented with severe symptoms of venous hypertension at the left upper extremity due to subclavian and innominate vein obstruction. The patient had a well functioning ispilateral angioaccess. The pain and disabling swelling of the upper extremity developed 12 months after having a radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula performed and progressively worsened in the last two months. The patient underwent extraanatomic axillo-femoral venous bypass grafting with a 8 mm polytetrafluoroethylene graft to the ispilateral common femoral vein. The postoperative recovery was regular and the patient was discharged 6 days after surgery with a functioning bypass and relief from the venous hypertension symptoms. In this case, surgical bypassing of a central venous obstruction through an extra-anatomical pathway relieved the symptoms of venous hypertension and prolonged the use of the haemodialysis access.
The elastic potential function of slightly compressible rubberlike materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In order to obtain an analytical expression for the stored energy function W of slightly compressible rubberlike materials, two recent results are used to obtain a unified expression where Γ i are a new set of invariants, and H (Γ 1 ,Γ 2 ) is the shear part of the stored energy function which is now assumed to be a separate symmetric function of the modified stretch ratio, λ = λ i / I , i.e., Various analytical forms of h (λ ) are proposed. Also, a straightforward transformation technique is formulated such that one can easily relate the stress‐strain relation in terms of modified stretch ratio λ to the new invariants Γ i . Thus, by a combination of the above equations and the transformation technique, one may readily determine the elastic strain energy function of slightly compressible materials from careful measurements of the volume change in multiaxial deformations.
Surgery for Pleuropulmonary Tuberculosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of our study was to analyze current indications for surgery in pleuropulmonary tuberculosis (TB). We present our experience with TB patients presenting with indications for surgery between 1998 and 2003. Material and Methods: The indications for surgical intervention included 220 cases of empyema, mediastinal lymphadenopathy 48 cases, hemoptysis 25 cases, destroyed lung 24 cases, undiagnosed pleural effusion 24 cases, bronchiectasis 18 cases, cavitary lesion with MDRTB 13 cases and pulmonary aspergilloma 10 cases. Thirteen patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis required surgical intervention, although 26 were treated with second line drugs during this period. Results: The techniques utilized included decortication in 152 cases, lobectomy in 62 cases, rib resection for pleural drainage in 50 cases, anterior mediastinotomy in 48 cases, pneumonectomy in 28 cases, open pleural biopsy in 24 cases, and thoracoplasty in 18 cases. In 12 patients (3.1%), two procedures were performed, and in one case, 3 procedures. In 65 cases (17%) there were complications, of which persistent air leakage after decortication & pulmonary resection was the most frequent (n=26). There was a mortality rate of 2.8% (11 cases). Conclusions: In our experience, surgery in the treatment of TB is indicated to resolve sequalae or complications, since cases of simple or multidrug-resistant TB can be managed pharmacologically. The morbidity and mortality rates in our series were acceptable.