jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An application of the decomposition method for second order wave equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we study the solution of a linear and nonlinear damped wave and dissipative wave equations by Adomian decomposition method. We illustrate that the analytic solutions and a reliable numerical approximation of the damped wave and dissipative wave equations are calculated in the form of a series with easily computable components. The nonhomogeneous problem is quickly solved by observing the self-canceling"noise"terms whose sum vanishes in the limit. In comparison to traditional techniques, the series based technique of Adomian decomposition method is shown to evaluate solutions accurately and cheaply.
Developing care in the premature infant

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Objective To analysis the clinical effects of the developing care in the premature infant. Methods 72 cases of premature infant were randomly divided into observed group(36 cases) and control group(36 cases).The control group were cared by routine nursing,the observed group were cared by the developing care.The clinical effects were compared for the two groups. Results In the 7 days,the daily milk intake for the observed group were higher than the control group(P 0.05).The quality of growth for the observed group were higher than the control group(P 0.05).The rate of digestive tract symptom for the observed group were lower than the control group(P 0.05). Conclusion The developing care has safety,practicality,it can increase the daily milk intake and quality of growth.It can reduce the hospital stays and promote the healthy growth of premature infants. It is values for clinical promotion.
[Maxillary osteonecrosis caused by toxic effect of zinc-oxide-eugenol paste].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Zinc-oxide powder mixed with eugenol or cariofillorum oil and sterilized cotton is frequently used in dental practice as surgical bandage for eliminating or dry socket. Osteonecrosis of alveolar bone caused by free eugenol is rare but possible complication. The aim of this paper is to present a patient with maxillary osteonecrosis complicated with maxillary sinusitis caused by a surgical paste of zinc-oxide. A 47-year-old female patient was admitted to our department after unsuccessful treatment of dry socket with a paste of zinc-oxide. Intense use of zinc-oxide paste as bandage over the extraction sockets caused two separately osteonecrosis of maxillary alveolar bone. Surgical resection of necrotic bone, extraction of adjacent teeth and revision surgery of maxillary sinus was treatment of choice. Postoperative course was uneventful and 6 months postoperatively there weren't present further signs of maxillary necrosis. In preparation of a paste of zinc-oxide as surgical bandage it is necessary that all the powder be filled up with intense mixing with liquid. In present case osteonecrosis was caused by free eugenol in surgical zinc-oxide bandage as well as due to the long term and frequently used of zinc-oxide. In resistant dry sockets we recommended combined method of treatment and not only the use of zinc-oxide paste especially if there was no analgesic and therapeutic effects.
Augmenting an EMG-driven muscoskeletal model by accounting for intrisic muscle properties to improve joint stiffness estimation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Objective: Short-range stiffness (SRS) is the main muscle
mechanism to respond to perturbations. In current literature no models of SRS have been applied to dynamic tasks. In this study, a novel methodology to implement SRS in electromyography(EMG)-driven musculoskeletal modeling and further validation in dynamic and static tasks against system identification techniques is proposed. Methods: EMG signals, motion capture, and kinematic and dynamic data of the ankle joint and surrounding muscle acquired during plantar-dorsi flexion movements were used used to drive the musculoskeletal modelling framework in order to estimate ankle joint stiffness. A model of SRS was added to the modeling framework. An automatic fiber stretch detection algorithm was developed to trigger SRS. An optimization algorithm was implemented to account for amplitude of the movement in SRS calculation. Results: The proposed model with the inclusion of SRS improved the estimations of joint stiffness in comparison with the model without SRS, especially during the static conditions. The model was able to differentiate between the different tasks, by increasing or decreasing the contribution of SRS when the muscles suffered large or small amplitude of movement, respectively. The model detected with an accuracy of 92% the perturbations applied and, consequently, the trigger of SRS. Conclusion: The suggested methodology provides a prof of concept to implement SRS in musculoskeletal models. The ability to trigger the computation of SRS without providing additional information to the model and adjusting the computed SRS according to the amplitude of the movement enables the application of the model in any type of task.
Laparoscopic ischemic conditioning prior esophagectomy in selected patients: the ISCON trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Anastomotic leakage (AL) after esophagectomy is the most impactful complication after esophagectomy. Ischemic conditioning (ISCON) of the stomach &gt;14 days prior to esophagectomy might reduce the incidence of AL. The current trial was conducted to prospectively investigate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic ISCON in selected patients. This international multicenter feasibility trial included patients with esophageal cancer at high risk for AL with major calcifications of the thoracic aorta or a stenosis in the celiac trunk. Patients underwent laparoscopic ISCON by occlusion of the left gastric and the short gastric arteries followed by esophagectomy after an interval of 12–18 days. The primary endpoint was complications Clavien-Dindo ≥ grade 2 after ISCON and before esophagectomy. Between November 2019 and January 2022, 20 patients underwent laparoscopic ISCON followed by esophagectomy. Out of 20, 16 patients (80%) underwent neoadjuvant treatment. The median duration of the laparoscopic ISCON procedure was 45 minutes (range: 25–230). None of the patients developed intraoperative or postoperative complications after ISCON. Hospital stay after ISCON was median 2 days (range: 2–4 days). Esophagectomy was completed in all patients after a median of 14 days (range: 12–28). AL occurred in three patients (15%), and gastric tube necrosis occurred in one patient (5%). In hospital, the 30-day and 90-day mortalities were 0%. Laparoscopic ISCON of the gastric conduit is feasible and safe in selected esophageal cancer patients with an impaired vascular status. Further studies have to prove whether this innovative strategy aids to reduce the incidence of AL.
Toxic Reaction to Prolonged High-Dose Fluorouracil-Reply

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In Reply.—

Since preparation of our article describing fluorouracil-associated dermatitis of the hands and feet, several additional publications have documented a similar schedule-dependent toxicity.1,2Seventeen patients who were being treated with prolonged infusion of fluorouracil developed palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome with cutaneous findings similar to those in our patients.1These 17 patients, six additional patients with similar cutaneous toxic reactions,2and our patients all had a syndrome that was dose and schedule dependent. The occurrence of prodromal tingling and progression to a tender, erythematous, swollen, desquamative eruption of the palms and soles appears to be limited to patients receiving prolonged infusions of fluorouracil at doses exceeding 300 mg per square meter of body surface area per day. The rash improves with discontinuation of chemotherapy and is exacerbated with attempts to reinstitute chemotherapy. A similar syndrome occurs with prolonged infusion, but not with bolus or short-term infusion of doxorubicin.
Detection and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella Isolated From Raw Cow Milk and Its Products in Bishoftu Town, Central Ethiopia: Implication for Public Health

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Salmonella is a significant foodborne pathogen, with milk and milk products commonly implicated in its transmission. However, limited information is available regarding the direct link between antimicrobial use (AMU), dairy hygiene practices, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella strains isolated from dairy products in Bishoftu town. Methods Cross-sectional research was done from October 2023 to April 2024 to assess dairy farmers' antimicrobial usage (AMU) and hygiene practices and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Salmonella isolated from raw cow milk and its products. Two hundred samples were collected from dairy farms, milk vendors, and restaurants and analyzed using standard microbiological methods. Using the OmniLog system, Salmonella enterica was successfully identified. Then, the antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14.2. Results Overall, 2% (n = 4) of the samples tested positive for S. enterica. Of the 4 isolates, 3 were identified in dairy farm samples, whereas 1 were isolated from milk vendors. However, no Salmonella was identified in cheese or yogurt samples obtained from the restaurants. Regarding the AMR profile, S. enterica isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (75%), streptomycin (75%), and tetracycline (50%). Resistant to two or more antimicrobials were identified in 75% of the isolates. Conclusion This study indicated contamination of cow milk and its products with S. enterica. Therefore, appropriate control measures, including awareness creation among personnel and improving hygienic practices at the milk value chains is recommended to mitigate cross-contamination.
Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy as a Tool for Monitoring Aggregation in Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aggregation continues to be a critical quality attribute for a monoclonal antibody therapeutic product due to its perceived significant impact on immunogenicity. This paper aims to establish the versatility of circular dichorism (CD) spectroscopy toward understanding aggregation of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics. The first application involves the use of far-UV CD as a complementary analytical technique to size exclusion chromatography (SEC) for understanding protein aggregation. The second application uses thermal scanning CD as a high throughput screening tool for examining stability of a mAb therapeutic in various formulation and downstream buffers. For establishing far-UV CD as an orthogonal technique, a mAb was incubated in different downstream processing buffers and another mAb in formulation buffers, and they were analyzed by SEC and far-UV CD for aggregate content and conformational stability, respectively. To examine thermal scanning as a high throughput screening tool, ellipticity as a function of the temperature was measured at 218 nm from 20 to 90 °C. Far-UV CD was found to display high sensitivity toward early detection of conformational changes in mAb. CD measurements were also able to elucidate the different aggregation mechanisms. Furthermore, thermal stability scan allowed us to estimate T(onset) which has been found to correlate with aggregation induced by salt, low pH, and buffer species. T(onset) temperature from thermal scanning at 218 nm using CD was correlated successfully to aggregate content measured by SEC. Results from both the studies demonstrate the usefulness of CD for assessing stability of therapeutic proteins during process development, formulation development, and product characterization.
CSD 2311683: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Identifying Essential Components of School‐Linked Mental Health Services for Refugee and Immigrant Children: A Comparative Case Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Foreign‐born children rarely use traditional school mental health services. Comprehensive programs that combine mental health services with academic, economic, and socioemotional supports reach more foreign‐born children and improve wellbeing. However, little practical guidance exists regarding how to best combine these diverse services. METHODS To identify essential service components and their organization, we interviewed 92 parents, school staff, mental health providers, and community agency staff from 5 school‐linked mental health programs designed specifically to serve immigrant and refugee youth. RESULTS Foreign‐born parents did not distinguish between academic, behavioral, and emotional help for their children; these western categorizations of functioning were not meaningful to them. Consequently, programs needed to combine 4 components, organized in a pyramid: family engagement, assistance with basic needs, assistance with adaptation to a new culture, and emotional and behavioral supports. Family engagement was the foundation upon which all other services depended. Assistance with economic and cultural stressors directly promoted emotional wellbeing and helped parents trust clinical mental health interventions. CONCLUSIONS Specific strategies to implement the 4 essential components include home visits by program staff, a one‐stop parent center located in the school to help with basic needs, working with cultural brokers, and informed consent procedures that clearly explain recommended care without requiring immigrant and refugee parents to internalize western conceptualizations of psychopathology. Future evaluations should assess the cost and effectiveness of these strategies. These data are essential to advocate payment for these nonclinical services by traditional funding mechanisms.
Determination of Yield, Quality and Winter Hardiness Characteristics of Some Triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack) Genotypes in Pasinler and Erzincan Locations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Triticale (xTriticosecale&nbsp;Wittmack) is a grain used in animal feed and is known for its high efficiency, high nutritional quality and resistance to stress factors. Triticale is an alternative plant used for the utilization of marginal areas due to these properties. This study was carried out at two different locations in Erzincan Merkez and Pasinler districts of Erzurum province. Two registered triticale varieties (Umranhanım and Tatlıcak 97) and 13 triticale lines in the advanced breeding stage were assessed comparatively in terms of efficiency, quality and cold resistance parameters. As a result of this study, genotypes 9, 10 and 12 were found suitable for the conditions of the region and considered to have a profitable production potential for producers. The Umranhanım cultivar is prominent in terms of its resistance to cold and its yield. In addition, it has been concluded that it is important to include cold test studies in breeding programs in regions where winter damage is experienced intensively as well as included in the selections
ANALYSIS OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM WITH EMPHASIS ON THE FIELD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Quality of technical education is mainly dependent on the continuity of the content and implementation of a follow-up study of secondary schools to primary schools and institutions of higher education to the secondary ones.Particularly in natural and technical sciences it is necessary to continually improve both initial and follow-up educational levels and gradually transform the school system.In this contribution, the authors deal with the analysis of integration and status of the technical subjects at the secondary education level in the Belgium within the frame of international comparison of the Slovak and Belgian educational systems to assess the current level of quality of technical education in Slovakia and identify the areas that need to be focused on in the further increasing of technical education quality.
Phase III study of selpercatinib vs chemotherapy plus /- pembrolizumab in untreated RET positive non-small-cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Selpercatinib, a novel, highly selective and potent, inhibitor of RET, demonstrated clinically meaningful antitumor activity with manageable toxicity in heavily pretreated and treatment-naive RET fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer patients in a Phase I/II clinical trial. LIBRETTO-431 (NCT04194944) is a randomized, global, multicenter, open-label, Phase III trial, evaluating selpercatinib versus carboplatin or cisplatin and pemetrexed chemotherapy with or without pembrolizumab in treatment-naive patients with locally advanced/metastatic RET fusion-positive nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. The primary end point is progression-free survival by independent review. Key secondary end points include overall survival, response rate, duration of response and progression-free survival.
Genetically designing a more potent antipancreatic cancer agent by simultaneously co-targeting human IL13 and EGF receptors in a mouse xenograft model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: Investigators are currently interested in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and interleukin 13 receptor (IL13R) as potential targets in the development of new biologicals for pancreatic cancer. Attempts to develop successful agents have met with difficulty. The novel approach used here was to target these receptors simultaneously with EGF and IL13 cloned on the same bispecific single-chain molecule with truncated diphtheria toxin (DT 390 ) to determine if co-targeting with DTEGF13 had any advantages. Design: Proliferation experiments were performed to measure the potency and selectivity of bispecific DTEGF13 and its monospecific counterparts against pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and MiaPaCa-2 in vitro. DTEGF13 was then administered intratumourally to nude mice with MiaPaCa-2 flank tumours to measure efficacy and toxicity (weight loss). Results: In vitro, bispecific DTEGF13 was 2800-fold more toxic than monospecific DTEGF or DTIL13 against PANC-1. A similar enhancement was observed in vitro when MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells or H2981-T3 lung adenocarcinoma cells were studied. DTEGF13 activity was blockable with recombinant EGF13. DTEGF13 was potent (IC 50 = 0.00017 nM) against MiaPaCa-2, receptor specific and significantly inhibited MiaPaCa-2 tumours in nude mice (p<0.008). Conclusions: In vitro studies show that the presence of both ligands on the same bispecific molecule is responsible for the superior activity of DTEGF13. Intratumoural administration showed that DTEGF13 was highly effective in checking aggressive tumour progression in mice. Lack of weight loss in these mice indicated that the drug was tolerated and a therapeutic index exists in an “on target” model in which DTEGF13 is cross-reactive with native mouse receptors.
Fine Structures of Solar Radio Type III Bursts and their Possible Relationship with Coronal Density Turbulence

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Solar radio type III bursts are believed to be the most sensitive signature of near-relativistic electron beam propagation in the corona. A solar radio type IIIb-III pair burst with fine frequency structures, observed by the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) with high temporal ($\sim10$ ms) and spectral (12.5 kHz) resolutions at 30 - 80 MHz, is presented. The observations show that the type III burst consists of many striae, which have a frequency scale of about 0.1 MHz in both the fundamental (plasma) and the harmonic (double plasma) emission. We investigate the effects of background density fluctuations based on the observation of striae structure to estimate the density perturbation in solar corona. It is found that the spectral index of the density fluctuation spectrum is about $-1.7$, and the characteristic spatial scale of the density perturbation is around $700$ km. This spectral index is very close to a Kolmogorov turbulence spectral index of $-5/3$, consistent with a turbulent cascade. This fact indicates that the coronal turbulence may play the important role of modulating the time structures of solar radio type III bursts, and the fine structure of radio type III bursts could provide a useful and unique tool to diagnose the turbulence in the solar corona.
Multiple N-acetyltransferases and drug metabolism. Tissue distribution, characterization and significance of mammalian N-acetyltransferase

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Investigations in the rabbit have indicated the existence of more than one N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5). At least two enzymes, possibly isoenzymes, were partially characterized. The enzymes differed in their tissue distribution, substrate specificity, stability and pH characteristics. One of the enzymes was primarily associated with liver and gut and catalysed the acetylation of a wide range of drugs and foreign compounds, e.g. isoniazid, p-aminobenzoic acid, sulphamethazine and sulphadiazine. The activity of this enzyme corresponded to the well-characterized polymorphic trait of isoniazid acetylation, and determined whether individuals were classified as either `rapid' or `slow' acetylators. Another enzyme activity found in extrahepatic tissues readily catalysed the acetylation of p-aminobenzoic acid but was much less active towards isoniazid and sulphamethazine. The activity of this enzyme remained relatively constant from individual to individual. Studies in vitro and in vivo with both `rapid' and `slow' acetylator rabbits revealed that, for certain substrates, extrahepatic N-acetyltransferase contributes significantly to the total acetylating capacity of the individual. The possible significance and applicability of these findings to drug metabolism and acetylation polymorphism in man is discussed.
Effects of Time Reversal-Symmetry Breaking on Localization: Band Random Matrix Description

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate two kinds of band random matrix ensemble (BRM) with different time reversal symmetry, namely, BRM of complex and quaternion real (C-BRM and QR-BRM) Hermitians. Their scaling behaviors of localization are numerically studied. Results show that the removal of time reversal symmetry yields a multiplication of the localization length by a factor 2 (or, 1/2) in the absence (or, presence) of Kramers' degeneracy. This leads us, to expect a simple and universal description of the effects of time-reversal symmetry breaking on localization that the localization length ξ is given by where b is the band-width parameter and β the universality parameter.
HEAD AND FACE INJURIES TO CYCLISTS. POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF HELMET USE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fatal and not fatal skull and face injuries to cyclists not using helmets have been analysed. The effect on injury severity if helmets had been used has also been calculated. The material consists of 321 cyclists treated at a hospital during one year for head or face injuries. Included in the study are autopsies performed during a ten year period on 105 cyclists. The material is presented according to type of accident, age, location of injury and severity.