jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Effect of Some Cod Liver Oils in Feed on Lymphocytoma Incidence

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Considerable attention has been given to the causative agents of lymphoid tumors of the chicken as well as to factors influencing their development. Some of these factors are: type of virus, dose of virus, genetic composition, and natural resistance or immunity of the host (1,2,12). Possibly other factors unrelated to the virus or host may also operate. Some observations have been made on the influence of diet on various pathological processes such as the effect of increased fat, phospholipids, and lipids in the diet on the growth of the several types of neoplasia, but distinct evidence is still lackins (6). Various levels of certain minerals and vitamins in the diet were not found to have significant effect on the incidence of fowl paralysis (14). Butler and Warren (3) claimed that vitamin E deficiency had a basic effect on the occurrence of fowl paralysis, but the work of others (5,11) did not support the contention. Two long-term experiments were conducted to test the effect of cod liver oils on the incidence of chicken rymphoid tumor (8,9). The results of both experiments suggested that there was a factor in one lot of cod liver oil which had the ability to increase the incidence of lymphocytoma. Another cod liver oil lacked this factor. The present experiment tests for the existence or absence of such a factor in other lots of cod liver oils.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT DRIP IRRIGATION LAYOUT DESIGNS ON SUGAR BEET YIELD AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Drip irrigation may constitute a method for sustainable management of water resources and can contribute to environmental protection and sustainability. However, there is still limited information on the application of drip irrigation to row field crops in Mediterranean environments, especially with respect to its appropriate lateral layout, a parameter that affects initial system installation cost as well as water use efficiency. Surface drip irrigation (SDI) field experiments with sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) were conducted in central Greece over a 3-year period to determine the effects of different layout designs (4 treatments with 6 replications) on root yield, sucrose accumulation characteristics (percent sugar content of roots (POL), raw sugar yield), water productivity index (WPI), and to study the contribution of different layout designs to environmental protection and sustainability. The treatments used consist of combinations of drip-pipes with varying lateral distances of every-other-furrow (e-o-f) (1.00 m) and every-three-furrows (e-t-f) (1.50 m), and between the dripper spacing (0.50 m and 0.75 m). The mean root yield results in the e-o-f treatments were 108.46, 111.46 and 105.11 t.ha(-1), and in the e-t-f treatments were 106.17, 113.59 and 103.84 t-ha(-1) for each year, respectively. The root sugar contents varied from 11.68% to 13.00% in e-o-f and from 11.46% to 13.41% in e-t-f. The WPI results were 19.74, 19.44 and 17.97 kg-m(-3) in e-of, and 19.32, 19.81 and 17.75 kg.m(-3) in e-t-f, respectively. Differences in root yield, POL, raw sugar yield and WPI between the 3 harvest periods were not statistically significant (p<0.05). Therefore, in agricultural Mediterranean areas with aquic soil moisture regimes, the suggested layout design of e-t-f (1.5 m x 0.75 m) instead of the common farmers' layout of e-o-f (1.0 m x 0.50 m) can be applied without statistically significant differences in root yield, POL, raw sugar yield or WPI, and with considerable plastic material reduction (-33.3% polyethylene), which corresponds to an initial cost reduction of -37.2%. Moreover, using this method, important installation labour savings, as well as cost reductions for transportation and storage facilities, are realized.
Effects of drought and rewatering on antioxidant enzyme systems in Microula sikkimensis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of drought and rewatering on antioxidant enzyme systems in Microula sikkimensis was studied in a pot trial.The water content of soil during both the temporary and the permanent wilting period of M.sikkimensis were 7.06% and 6.20% respectively and the relative water content in the leaves of M.sikkimensis in the temporary wilting period was 71.4%.After rewatering,the temporarily wilted M.sikkimensis absorbed water quickly and gradually recovered.After six hours the plants became basically the same as the controls in appearance,and the relative water content rose from 71.4% to 81.9% of the controls.There was no significant difference in SOD activity during the stress period but it increased to some extent after rewatering.During the stress period,CAT activity and POD activity rose initially then fell,but both were significantly higher than those of the control.After rewatering they also maintained a high activity.As the drought stress period progressed,the MDA content in the leaves of M.sikkimensis rose quickly,and reached its zenith at the eighth day,but was quickly reduced after rewatering and five days later,there was no significant difference between the treatment and the CK.These results showed that M.sikkimensis has a great ability to withstand drought.
15: The Essential Role of Faculty Development in New Higher Education Models

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is a growing interest in and active discussion about new educational environments, which shift the emphasis of education from faculty and their teaching to students and their learning. This shift enables us to view the education of students in multiple educational environments beyond the traditional model of faculty teaching students in a classroom. Combining both different instructional roles and educational settings into new higher education models of undergraduate education will demand that faculty learn new roles. It also holds out the hope that reducing the demands on faculty time and increasing the availability of other institutional resources will enhance the quality of faculty work-life. To successfully address factors like financial constraints and accountability while creating, implementing, and sustaining new higher education models will require the commitment of a number of significant groups in the institution. Among the most important will be the work of faculty development professionals and the centers they lead.
Superhydrophobic Gated Polyorganosilanes/Halloysite Nanocontainers for Sustained Drug Release

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Inspired by the water repellency of the lotus leaf, superhydrophobic gated nanocontainers are fabricated by using halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as the nanocontainers and polyorganosilanes (POS) as the molecular gates for sustained release of diclofenac sodium (DS). The nanocontainers are prepared by loading DS into the lumen of HNTs, and then modified by co‐condensation of hexadecyltriethoxylsilane and tetraethoxysilane. The nanocontainers are characterized with transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis and FTIR, etc. The wetting behaviors of the nanocontainers and release behaviors of DS are also studied. DS molecules are loaded in the lumen of HNTs and POS is covalently bonded on the surface of HNTs‐DS. Wettability of the nanocontainers is controllable simply by the POS content. The nanocontainers show excellent superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 156.9° and a water shedding angle of 3°. The release of DS molecules is controlled by a new way, the air cushion between the superhydrophobic nanocontainers and the phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The DS molecules could only release from the limited place where the nanocontainers contact with PBS when the PBS is in the Cassie‐Baxter state on the surface of the nanocontainers.
Armor All: The Self-Conception of Private Security Contractors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Whereas the values, attitudes and motivations of soldiers serving in their countries’ armed forces have been widely studied, to date we know very little about the motivations and self-conception of individuals working for the private security industry. Using data obtained through an online survey, this article explores the values, attitudes and identity of more than 200 private security contractors with law enforcement backgrounds and operational experience with a security firm in Iraq. Contrary to media dominating images of ruthless, money-grabbing mercenaries, respondents in this sample adhered to attitudes and values very similar to those of professional soldiers serving in Western militaries.
The Effect of Average Chip Thickness on the Potentially Respirable Dust from CNC Finish Milling of Wood-Based Materials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Milling wood-based materials on CNC devices causes the creation of chips in small sizes that may escape the chip extraction zone to the surrounding environment and pollute the air. The article studied the effect of the feed rate (vf) and the width of cut (ae), transformed into kinematic average chip thickness, on the amounts of chips in respirable sizes <10.0μm created in the cutting zone from particleboards (PB) and medium-density fibreboards (MDF). The amounts of dust-sized chips are discussed and were determined by the sieving analysis. The sizes of potentially respirable chips were estimated by weighting with the laser diffraction method. The highest amounts of chips from PB were of 0.250-0.500 mm (38-41%w), but in MDF, amounts varied depending on cutting conditions. With (ae) 1 mm were in the size range of 0.125-0.250 mm (35-54%w), for (ae) 2 mm (33-35%w), and (ae) 3 mm (36-40%w) with combinations of (vf) 6-8 m·min-1. With a combination of (vf) 10 and 12 m·min-1 distribution moved to a higher size range. Chips in sizes 10.0-4.0 μm were estimated by <1%, for 4.0-2.5 μm <0.5%, in 2.5-0.1 μm <0.3%, and <0.1 μm by <0.05%. Statistically was proven (p<0.05) only in PB, with adjusted (ae) by 1 mm, increasing the value of (vf) from 6 to 12 m·min-1 and also with (vf) at 6 m·min-1, between values of (ae) 1 and 2 mm (hm of 0.025-0.035 mm), will significantly (p<0.05) lower the percentual amounts of chips in sizes 10.0-4.0 and 4.0-2.5 μm.
Responding to change: the case of community pharmacy in Great Britain

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In recent years pharmacy has increasingly striven sharply to define and establish its role in the face of technological advance. The pre‐packaging of medicines by the pharmaceutical industry and the use of computers in pharmacies and general practitioners’ surgeries would seem to obviate pharmacists’ traditional activities in the compounding and dispensing of medicines, and challenge their claim to professional status with an associated decline in their social and economic rewards. This paper draws on the literature of the sociology of the professions to analyse the response of this occupational group to threats to its status as a professional primary health care provider. It is argued that pharmacy has the necessary knowledge base to control the symbolic transformation of the pharmacological entity—the drug—into the social object—the medicine, yet has failed to capitalise on this when attempting to define its professional role.
Spider diagram with greenness evaluation metrics for assessing the new synchronous spectrofluorimetric determination of bicalutamide and resveratrol in human plasma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract A simple, selective, and eco‐friendly synchronous fluorescence approach was introduced for the first time for the concurrent estimation of the anticancer combination therapy of bicalutamide and resveratrol. The method relies on measuring the synchronous fluorescence spectra of bicalutamide and resveratrol at 269 and 320 nm, respectively, using Δλ of 60 nm with ethanol as a green diluting solvent. The procedure was optimized, and the method was then fully validated. Excellent linearity ( R 2 > 0.999) with very low detection limits (0.044 and 2.001 ng/ml) were obtained for both drugs, allowing for their analysis in human plasma. The green profile of the suggested approach was evaluated using the green solvents selecting tool (GSST), spider diagram for greenness index assessment, green analytical process index (GAPI), and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) metric tools. These assessment metrics confirmed that the developed approach met the maximum number of green requirements, recommending its application as a green substitute for the regular analysis of the concerned drugs in human plasma. The simplicity of sample measurement enables and substantially accelerates the analysis, resulting in lower costs, enhanced procedure accuracy, and lower environmental effect.
How Visualising Emotions Affects Interpersonal Trust and Task Collaboration in a Shared Virtual Space

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Emotion is dynamic. Changes in emotion can be hard to process during face-to-face interaction, yet transferring them into a shared virtual space becomes more challenging. This research first explores nine visual representations to amplify emotions in a virtual space, leading to a bi-directional emotion-sharing system (FeelMoji i/o). The second study investigates the effect of explicit emotion-sharing in interpersonal trust and task collaboration through three conditions - verbal only, verbal+positive visual, and verbal+honest visual using FeelMoji through the proposal of a framework of four factors (usability, integrity, behaviour, and collaboration). The results indicate that FeelMoji yields frequent emotion consensus as task milestones and positive interdependent behaviours between collaborators, which help develop conversations, affirm decision-making, and build familiarity and trust between strangers. Moreover, we discuss how our study can inspire future investigation in human-AI agent behaviours and large-scale multi-user virtual environments.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 2994 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Country is Indonesia", "HasCoordinate is TRUE", "TaxonKey is one of (Xylocarpus moluccensis, Melia azedarach, Lansium domesticum, Swietenia macrophylla, Toona sureni, Chisocheton ceramicus, Dysoxylum densiflorum, Toona sinensis, Dysoxylum, Aglaia argentea, Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum, Walsura robusta, Xylocarpus granatum)" ] } The dataset includes 2994 records from 35 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002130-250811113504898/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Mycoparasitic Relationships. IV. Stephanoma phaeospora Parasitic on a Species of Fusarium

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARYThe host-parasite relationship between Fusarium sp. and Stephanoma phaeospora, a biotrophic contact mycoparasite, was studied using both light and electron microscopy. The mode of parasitism as well as features of the host-parasite interface were determined to be similar to those previously reported for the Alternaria tenuis-Gonatobotrys simplex interaction. Plasmodesmata, 24 to 28 nm in diam, traversed the interface between the two fungi. Virus-like particles, 40 to 47 nm in diam, were observed only in nuclei of S. phaeospora.
Missouri’s Confederate: Claiborne Fox Jackson and the Creation of Southern Identity in the Border West (review)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Missouri's Confederate, Christopher Phillips has really written two biographies: one of Claiborne Fox Jackson, Missouri's secessionist governor; and the other of Missouri itself during its first forty years of statehood. Of the two, ironically, it is the portrait of Missourians' transformation from "Westerners" to "Southerners" that proves the more compelling. Phillips cleverly uses Jackson, an admittedly minor Civil War figure who died in late 1862, as a lens into the politics of regional identity.
Study of anxiety in parents and children with attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The identification of factors that influence attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) will help to develop intervention strategies for the personal and social adjustment of these individuals. The goal of the study is to assess the perception of anxiety in a group of children and adolescents with ADHD and the anxiety that their parents believe their children have, through the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorder (SCARED). Participants were 76 children and 76 of their parents who attended a program for educational attention to students with ADHD. The SCARED was applied at the end of one of the sessions in separate spaces for children and parents. Concerning gender, 49.2% of the boys were above the SCARED cutoff point (≥25) compared with 57.1% of the girls. In the case of the parents’ perception of their children's anxiety, 50% of the fathers scored above the cutoff point versus 72.5% of the mothers. The main findings of the study indicate that there is no significant difference between boys and girls. In the comparison of fathers and mothers, significant differences were only found in the factor of generalized anxiety, favoring the mothers. Lastly, significant differences between girls/boys and parents were found in the total anxiety score of the generalized anxiety factor in favor of the parents. Key words: Attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder, anxiety in parents, anxiety in children, self-report.
Surface Modification of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Anodic Oxidation and Its Effect on Osteoarticular Cell Proliferation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This investigation describes the formation of crystalline nanotubes of titanium oxide on the surface of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy and its biological evaluation. The formation of nanotubes was performed by the anodic oxidation technique with a constant work potential of 60 V but with different anodizing times of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min used to evaluate their effects on the characteristics of the nanotubes and their biological activity. A mixture of ethylene glycol, water, and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) was used as the electrolytic fluid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to determine the morphology and crystalline nature of the nanotubes, showing a well-defined matrix of nanotubes of titanium oxide with a crystalline structure and a diameter in the range of 52.5 ± 5.13 to 95 ± 11.92 nm. In contrast, the XRD patterns showed an increase of defined peaks that directly correlated with treatment times. Moreover, in vitro assays using an innovative cell culture device demonstrated that the inner diameter of the nanotubes directly correlated with cell proliferation.
Maximum 2D Entropy Image Segmentation Based on Artificial Bee Colony Optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at the problem of large computing in maximum 2D entropy based image segmentation method,this paper proposes a maximum 2D entropy image segmentation algorithm based on artificial bee colony optimization.Artificial bee colony algorithm has certain advantage in convergence speed,prevents local optimization,and has few control parameters.Using these advantages,the best 2D threshold of maximum 2D entropy method is considered as nectar,and artificial bee colony optimized maximum 2D entropy method is used to segment images.Experimental result shows that,compared with other methods,constriction of this method is quicker,stability is better and resistance to the noise is stronger.
A Modified Translaminar Osseous Channel-Assisted Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for Highly Migrated and Sequestrated Disc Herniations of the Upper Lumbar: Clinical Outcomes, Surgical Indications, and Technical Considerations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective is to describe a safe and effective percutaneous endoscopic approach for removal of highly migrated and sequestrated disc herniations of the upper lumbar spine and to report the results, surgical indications, and technical considerations of the new technique. Eleven patients who had highly migrated and sequestrated disc herniations in the upper lumbar were included in this study. A retrospective study was performed for all patients after translaminar osseous channel-assisted PELD was performed. Radiologic findings were investigated, and pre-and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) assessments for back and leg pain and Oswestry disability index (ODI) evaluations were performed. Surgical outcomes were evaluated under modified MacNab criteria. All of the patients were followed for more than 1 year. The preoperative and postoperative radiologic findings revealed that the decompression of the herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) was complete. After surgery, the mean VAS scores for back and leg pain immediately improved from 8.64 (range, 7–10) and 8.00 (range, 6–10) to 2.91 (range, 2–4) and 2.27 (range, 1–3), respectively. The mean preoperative ODI was 65.58 (range, 52.2–86), which decreased to 7.51 (range, 1.8–18) at the 12-month postoperative follow-up. The MacNab scores at the final follow-up included nine excellent, one good, and one fair. The modified translaminar osseous channel-assisted PELD could be a safe and effective option for the treatment of highly migrated and sequestrated disc herniations of the upper lumbar.
Decomposition of Nitrogen Monoxide over Amorphous Co&ndash;65Zr Alloys Containing Platinum Group Elements

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Surface-activated amorphous Co–Zr alloys containing platinum group elements were used for decomposition of nitrogen monoxide. The alloys were immersed in hydrofluoric acid for activation. The HF-treated amorphous alloys were initially inactive for decomposition of nitrogen monoxide at 773 K, but became active after oxidation by exposure to nitrogen monoxide at 773 K. XRD and XPS analyses revealed that the active catalysts were composed of platinum group elements, Co3O4 and ZrO2. Platinum group elements in both metallic and oxidized states were supported on the oxides. The catalytic activity depended on platinum group elements. The palladium-containing alloy showed the highest activity and even higher activity than that of a palladium-black. The high activity of the palladium-containing catalyst was attributed to the synergistic effect of palladium and oxides of cobalt and zirconium.
A Hybrid Machine learning Techniques for Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent medical condition that is distinguished by the progressive deterioration of renal function over time. The diagnosis, management, and treatment of this condition are exceedingly difficult due to its multifactorial etiology and extensive array of manifestations. The objective of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive examination of chronic kidney disease, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, treatment modalities, and preventive strategies. Health professionals must address the intricacies of the condition in order to manage or reduce the complications associated with CKD. Diabetes, hypertension, advanced age, and gender are among the numerous risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing CKD. The predictors of CKD were described in this investigation using machine learning algorithms. Our results indicate that ML can assist in the early identification and management of individuals who are at risk of developing CKD. The application of ML models to electronic health record data can reduce the prevalence of undiagnosed CKD, which is particularly beneficial in progressive diseases such as CKD, where the treatment burden and cost increase as the disease progresses.