jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Using draw a person tasks to measure children’s Assigned gender Ability Beliefs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The UK-based article develops a quantitative method for measuring 8–9-year-old children's Gender Ability Beliefs through drawings, assessing the reliability and validity of the measure and its association with respondents' self-reported gender. The measure, originally used in the US by Beilock et al. (2010), required respondents to draw two pictures: one of someone good at mathematics and another good at reading. They also had to show whether each drawing was of a male or female by ticking a provided box. Findings indicate children are more likely to draw someone of the same assigned gender as their own for both skillsets. Male respondents were found to be more likely to indicate more traditional views in males being good at mathematics and females good at reading. The article concludes that drawings can be used as quantitative self-completion methods with child respondents, whilst presenting evidence to consider how we do so with concepts like gender that require validity and can be used internationally.
Experimental and numerical investigation of flow and heat transfer characteristics of teardrop and circular pin fins in a wedge channel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Pin fin arrays, which have a high heat transfer capacity and minimal pressure loss, are currently being used as the primary cooling technique for the turbine trailing edge cooling channel used in modern gas turbines. To enhance the heat transmission efficiency of the channel, this study proposes the use of a circular-shaped pin and a teardrop pin, through both experimental and numerical investigations. The numerical simulations conducted in the Reynolds number range of 10,000 to 80,000 are used to investigate and compare the flow and heat transfer parameters of a wedge channel which has three rows of staggered circular-shaped and teardrop-shaped pin fins with a diameter of 12 mm. The experiment showed that teardrop pin fns with staggered arrangement has different effect on flow pattern and heat transfer characteristics. Heat transfer is increased by 10.45% when compared to the circular pin fins and the pressure drop of teardrop pin fins is reduced by 54.6%.Therefore thermal performance factor exhibits a 25.4% increase when compared to circular fins.
Intelligent Context-Aware and Adaptive Interface for Mobile LBS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Context-aware user interface plays an important role in many human-computer Interaction tasks of location based services. Although spatial models for context-aware systems have been studied extensively, how to locate specific spatial information for users is still not well resolved, which is important in the mobile environment where location based services users are impeded by device limitations. Better context-aware human-computer interaction models of mobile location based services are needed not just to predict performance outcomes, such as whether people will be able to find the information needed to complete a human-computer interaction task, but to understand human processes that interact in spatial query, which will in turn inform the detailed design of better user interfaces in mobile location based services. In this study, a context-aware adaptive model for mobile location based services interface is proposed, which contains three major sections: purpose, adjustment, and adaptation. Based on this model we try to describe the process of user operation and interface adaptation clearly through the dynamic interaction between users and the interface. Then we show how the model applies users’ demands in a complicated environment and suggested the feasibility by the experimental results.
Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus due to de novo mutation in KCNJ11 gene

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare monogenic diabetes that usually presents in first 6 months of life. Activating mutations in KCNJ11 gene encoding Kir6.2 subunit of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel cause either transient NDM (TNDM) or permanent NDM (PNDM). A month-old male presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis was managed initially with intravenous (IV) fluids and IV insulin administration and subsequently started on subcutaneous insulin therapy on resolution of ketoacidosis. C-peptide level at diagnosis was 0.51 ng/ml and sanger sequencing analysis of the ABCC8, KCNJ11, INS and EIF2AK3 genes identified a heterozygous missense mutation p.R50Q in KCNJ11 gene. Successful transition to oral sulfonylurea therapy was made with maintenance of euglycemia and remission of NDM was witnessed at 5 months of age. A diagnosis of TNDM due to mutation in Kir6.2 subunit of K-ATP channel was made, supervised discontinuation of sulfonylurea therapy performed and the 50 percent risk of relapse of DM during adolescence or adulthood was explained to the family.
Confining and repulsive potentials from effective non-Abelian gauge fields in graphene bilayers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the effect of shear and strain in graphene bilayers, under conditions where the distortion of the lattice gives rise to a smooth one-dimensional modulation in the stacking sequence of the bilayer. We show that strain and shear produce characteristic Moir\'e patterns which can have the same visual appearance on a large scale, but representing graphene bilayers with quite different electronic properties. The different features in the low-energy electronic bands can be ascribed to the effect of a fictitious non-Abelian gauge field mimicking the smooth modulation of the stacking order. Strained and sheared bilayers show a complementary behavior, which can be understood from the fact that the non-Abelian gauge field acts as a repulsive interaction in the former, expelling the electron density away from the stacking domain walls, while behaving as a confining interaction leading to localization of the electronic states in the sheared bilayers. In this latter case, the presence of the effective gauge field explains the development of almost flat low-energy bands, resembling the form of the zeroth Landau level characteristic of a Dirac fermion field. The estimate of the gauge field strength in those systems gives a magnitude of the order of several tens of Tesla, implying a robust phenomenology that should be susceptible of being observed in suitably distorted bilayer samples.
Beta-amyloid toxicity modifier genes and the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a complex and multifactorial disease. So far ten loci have been identified for LOAD, including APOE, PICALM, CLU, BIN1, CD2AP, CR1, CD33, EPHA1, ABCA7, and MS4A4A/MS4A6E, but they explain about 50% of the genetic risk and thus additional risk genes need to be identified. Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques develop in the brains of LOAD patients and are considered to be a pathological hallmark of this disease. Recently 12 new Aβ toxicity modifier genes (ADSSL1, PICALM, SH3KBP1, XRN1, SNX8, PPP2R5C, FBXL2, MAP2K4, SYNJ1, RABGEF1, POMT2, and XPO1) have been identified that potentially play a role in LOAD risk. In this study, we have examined the association of 222 SNPs in these 12 candidate genes with LOAD risk in 1291 LOAD cases and 958 cognitively normal controls. Single site and haplotype analyses were performed using PLINK. Following adjustment for APOE genotype, age, sex, and principal components, we found single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PPP2R5C, PICALM, SH3KBP1, XRN1, and SNX8 that showed significant association with risk of LOAD. The top SNP was located in intron 3 of PPP2R5C (P=0.009017), followed by an intron 19 SNP in PICALM (P=0.0102). Haplotype analysis revealed significant associations in ADSSL1, PICALM, PPP2R5C, SNX8, and SH3KBP1 genes. Our data indicate that genetic variation in these new candidate genes affects the risk of LOAD. Further investigation of these genes, including additional replication in other case-control samples and functional studies to elucidate the pathways by which they affect Aβ, are necessary to determine the degree of involvement these genes have for LOAD risk.
Optimum Duration of Semi-Dwarf Rice in Assam

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Yield-duration relationship was studied for evaluating optimum flowering duration of semi-dwarf rice during ahu season (April-August) in Assam. Data for the purpose were taken from 2 different varietal trials conducted at 2 locations of Assam, viz., Titabar and Karimganj in 1971 and 1973 respectively. A curvilinear relationship between yield and days to flower was noted at both locations, although in one location negative association was also quite pronounced. Flowering duration ranging from 85 to 100 days was indicated as the optimum for grain yield.
CK2 Inhibits Apoptosis and Changes Its Cellular Localization Following Ionizing Radiation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract In this study, we show that CK2 (casein kinase II, CKII) participates in apoptotic responses following ionizing radiation (IR). Using HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells, we find that transfection of small interfering RNA against the CK2 α and/or α′ catalytic subunits results in enhanced apoptosis following IR damage as measured by flow cytometry techniques, compared with a control small interfering RNA. Within 2 to 6 hours of IR, CK2 α partially localizes to perinuclear structures, whereas a marked nuclear localization of α′ occurs. Treatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor or transfection of ARC (apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain) suppresses the apoptotic response to IR in the CK2-reduced cells, indicating involvement of caspases. Additionally, we find that CK2 α and/or α′ reduction affects cell cycle progression independent of IR damage in this human cell line. However, the G2-M checkpoint following IR is not affected in CK2 α- and/or α′-reduced cells. Thus, our data suggest that CK2 participates in inhibition of apoptosis and negatively regulates caspase activity following IR damage.
MODELING OF APPROACHES TO TEACHING COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR VOCATIONAL STUDENTS BY CLUSTERING THEM INTO DIDACTIC GROUPS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Statement of the problem. The issues of finding ways to modernize the means and methods of teaching informatics to students in the system of secondary vocational education, which contribute to improving the effectiveness of the educational process, do not lose their relevance. It is of interest to study and substantiate the criteria for clustering the contingent of vocational students into didactic groups for the implementation of individualization and differentiation of the process of teaching computer science. The purpose of the article is to identify the characteristics of students in the system of secondary vocational education and, based on the analysis of the results obtained, to model approaches to teaching informatics for students in the system of secondary vocational education by clustering them into didactic groups. The research methodology consists of the analysis and generalization of legal documents in the field of secondary vocational education, research work of Russian scientists, and the experience of teaching informatics to students in various areas of vocational education. An anonymous survey method was used to identify the characteristics inherent to students of the system of secondary vocational education for subsequent clustering. Research results. On the basis of an anonymous survey of students in the system of secondary vocational education, their characteristic features, social, psychological and personal characteristics were revealed. They disclosed the need to cluster the contingent into three groups according to educational, cognitive and social criteria. At the same time, a differentiated approach to teaching computer science to students should be implemented through gamification, collective gaming teaching methods and the formation of a practice-oriented learning environment. Conclusion. The method proposed in the article for identifying characteristic features for clustering students in the system of secondary vocational education can become the basis for developing a suitable methodology for teaching them computer science. The distribution of students into three groups according to educational, cognitive and personal characteristics allows using a differentiated approach with gamification techniques and collective gaming methods of learning.
CULTURAL COMPETENCY

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Care Model are discussed by addressing provider factors that may affect the delivery of care and patient adherence. Specifically, issues related to the provision of culturally competent and sensitive care are discussed in terms of race-concordant and discordant patient-provider relationships. Strategies for beginning and continuing the process of becoming culturally competent are presented, such as the ASKED framework for determining one’s level of cultural competency and the LEARN framework for enhancing the patient-provider relationships. Lastly, tips are present-ed to assist providers in knowing their patients better which will ultimately enhance cultural competency and patient adherence to treat-
Magnetic and spectral studies of some polynuclear carboxylates of copper (11)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Magnetic susceptibility studies over the temperature range 87-330°K, on sixteen complexes of copper (11) are reported. The compounds are conveniently divided into two groups. Group I compounds (copper (11) benzoate and its monopyridine adduct, copper (11) meta-chlorobenzoate and its monopyridine and mono-p-dioxane adducts and the monopyridine and hemipyridine adducts of copper (11) para-chlorobenzoate ) possess magnetic properties expected for a binuclear system and values of the exchange integrals have been calculated, for these compounds. The group 11 compounds (the dipyrldlne adducts and the basic salts of copper (ll) benzoate, copper (11) ortho-, meta- and para-chlorobenzoate ) exhibit only weak magnetic interaction --- their magnetic susceptibilities obeying the Curie-Weiss law with small Weiss constants --- and they are considered to have polymeric structures. Copper (11) para-chlorobenzoate exhibits properties intermediate between the group I and 11 compounds. Confirmatory evidence for assigning binuclear structures to the group I compounds has been obtained from the presence, in the spectra of the group I compounds, of a band at about 400 mμ which is absent from the spectra of the group 11 compounds. Infrared spectra are reported for all the compounds studied and a partial assignment has been made.
Berry Marinades Enhance Oxidative Stability of Herring Fillets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Marinating herring fillets in a 50 g/L powder of elderberry, cranberry, or black currant inhibited the oxidation of lipids and proteins and also the degradation of tocopherol. Cranberry and black currant appeared to be more efficient than elderberry in inhibiting the degradation of tocopherol and the formation of ammonium. Elderberry marinades provided the most significant color changes. The injection of fillets with a 5% salt solution resulted in significantly increased levels of carbonyls, ammonium, and biogenic amines, whereas formation of the volatile lipid compounds propanal, hexanal, 2-penten-1-ol, and 1-penten-3-ol was lowest in fillets marinated in black currant following injection of the salt solution. All marinade treatments resulted in a significantly decreased liquid holding ability, coinciding with a lower muscle pH. It is concluded that marinating herring fillets in solutions containing berry powder can enhance the quality and shelf life of the fillets and simultaneously provide the fillets with natural antioxidants beneficial for consumers.
Fatty Acids of Neutral and Phospholipids, Rancidity Scores and TBA Values as Influenced by Packaging and Storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The fatty acid (FA) of neutral lipids (NL) and phospholipids (PL) and this composition's relationship to rancidity score and TBA values of cooked beef patties, during frozen storage at times up to 4½ months under vacuum and nonpackaged conditions were studied. The predominant FA in the NL was C 18:1 (46.0%), followed by C 16:0 at 29.2%. However, the PL fraction gave a more balanced distribution of FA. In the neutral lipid fractions, reduction in the C 16:1 and C 18:2 fatty acids made significant contributions to increased rancidity scores and TBA values but in the phospholipid fraction, changes in the C 18:3 and C 20:4 were of greatest importance. After 3 months of frozen storage a regression model containing the neutral lipid fatty acids C 18:1 and C 18:2 and the phospholipid fatty acids C 18:3 and C 20:4 accounted for 88% and 85% of the variation in rancidity score and TBA value.
Interactive Model-based Environment for Aircraft Family Conceptual Design Decisions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0092.vid Aircraft families are effectively used in the commercial market for reducing costs and for rapidly responding to emerging market needs. A conceptual-level platform design decision support environment with cost evaluation is created for a commercial transport aircraft family through an integrated Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach in MagicDraw and Design Space Exploration (DSE) in JMP. System elements and family requirements are represented within the MagicDraw 19.0 environment as well as their relationships to promote consistency and traceability of the model elements. Design space exploration and interactive visualizations are used to enable both the selection of platform variables and product-specific variables, balancing the trade-off between commonality and performance criteria among a set of solutions obtained through aircraft sizing and synthesis. Finally, cost analysis is performed for the aircraft family variants and the results are compared against individual designs for quantifying the value of commonality for design and manufacturing costs.
Home Again: Revisiting the New German Cinema in Edgar Reitz's Die Zweite Heimat (1993)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This critical reading of Die Zweite Heimat, Edgar Reitz's 1993 sequel to Heimat, argues that the thirteen-part series elaborates a self-reflexive commentary on the New German Cinema through tropes of Heimat. The particular focus is on the nostalgic perspective Reitz takes in chronicling the demise of the aesthetic avant-garde toward the end of the 1960s.
The Placement of Insanity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This ethnography of legal proceedings examines how judgments of “grave disability” are formulated to effect involuntary mental hospitalizations. Such commitment decisions are based on judges' pragmatic evaluations of the viability of candidate patients' proposed community living situations and the ability of those situations to contain the havoc associated with mental illness. In assessing the tenability of candidate patients' proposed living arrangements, judges consider the following: (1) the person's ability to provide life's basic necessities; (2) the willing presence of a “caretaker” to supervise the candidate patient; and (3) the candidate patient's cooperation with a community-based treatment/custody regime. In the absence of any of these, social and psychiatric disturbances are considered inevitable, and hospitalization is likely to be ordered.
Studies on the Transmission of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus by Colombian Simuliidae (Diptera)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The ability of Simulium mexicanum and Simulium metallicum to serve as biological or mechanical vectors of an enzootic and an epizootic strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus was examined. Guinea pigs were inoculated with the epizootic Cordoba strain or the enzootic RPVP407 strain of VEE virus. Wild-caught adult Simuliidae were fed on the viremic guinea pigs and the virus content of groups of flies was determined at daily intervals post-engorgement to test for viral replication. Flies were refed on suckling mice at greater than or equal to 8 days post-engorgement to test for biological transmission. Other flies were interrupted while feeding on viremic guinea pigs and refed on suckling mice to test for mechanical transmission. Neither S. mexicanum nor S. metallicum appear to be efficient vectors of either strain of VEE virus, although occasional mechanical transmission was obtained. Titers of virus in flies decreased rapidly after engorgement and from 3-12 days post-engorgement virus was detected only in 5%-25% of both species of flies. Although earlier field evidence implicated both S. mexicanum and S. metallicum as vectors of epizootic VEE, we conclude that it is highly unlikely that they play an important role as vectors of the virus in nature.
MATERNAL NEAR MISS AND MATERNAL DEATHS IN KERALA, INDIA - AREVIEW

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim- To determine the prevalence and pattern of near miss cases/ severe acute maternal morbidity cases and maternal deaths in a tertiary centre. Materials and methods - WHO 2011 criteria was used for identication of near miss cases. Results- In the study period of 2 years, there were 131 cases of severe maternal outcome (105 near miss and 26 maternal deaths). Maternal near miss incidence ratio is 5.62/ 1000 live births. Maternal near miss to mortality ratio is 4.03:1. The mortality index is 19.8%. Hemorrhage was the leading cause of near miss cases (44.76%) followed by hypertension(27.6%) but indirect causes(42.3%) led to maximum number of maternal deaths followed by hemorrhage. Among the indirect causes, cardiac and neurological disorder caused maximum mortality. Conclusion - Hemorrhage and hypertension were the leading causes of near miss but maternal mortality was more due to indirect causes. So it's important to involve specialist doctors from other departments to improve care of mothers and hence reduce maternal deaths further.
Data from: Reducing mutation load through sexual selection on males

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mutation load is a key parameter in evolutionary theories, but relatively little empirical information exists on the mutation load of populations, or the elimination of this load through selection. We manipulated the opportunity for sexual selection within a mutation accumulation divergence experiment to determine how sexual selection on males affected the accumulation of mutations contributing to sexual and non-sexual fitness. Sexual selection prevented the accumulation of mutations affecting male mating success, the target trait, as well as reducing mutation load on productivity, a non-sexual fitness component. Mutational correlations between mating success and productivity (estimated in the absence of sexual selection) were positive. Sexual selection significantly reduced these fitness component correlations. Male mating success significantly diverged between sexual selection treatments, consistent with the fixation of genetic differences. However, the rank of the treatments was not consistent across assays, indicating that the mutational effects on mating success were conditional on biotic and abiotic context. Our experiment suggests that greater insight into the genetic targets of natural and sexual selection can be gained by focusing on mutational rather than standing genetic variation, and on the behavior of trait variances rather than means.