jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 107: Cardiovascular Events, Early Discontinuation of Trastuzumab, and Their Impact on Survival

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Trastuzumab increases risk of cardiovascular (CV) events such as heart failure (HF) in clinical trials. However, it is unknown how often trastuzumab therapy is ended early (i.e. early discontinuation), which CV events are associated with early discontinuation, and how CV events and early discontinuation affect overall survival among older women with breast cancer. Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare dataset, we identified women age 67-94 with stage I-III breast cancer diagnosed 2005-2009 who received trastuzumab adjuvant chemotherapy and followed them through 2011. Completed trastuzumab treatment was defined as ≥11 months of continuous trastuzumab treatments with no delay between trastuzumab treatments >45 days. We identified therapy-associated CV events as those occurring within 45 days before or after the last trastuzumab treatment. We compared CV events between the completed and early discontinuation groups using chi-squared statistics. We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association of overall survival with early discontinuation of trastuzumab treatment and CV events. Results: Our cohort consisted of 585 women (mean age: 71.6 years), with a median follow-up of 4.2 years. Approximately 41% (239) of women did not complete trastuzumab therapy. Patients with early discontinuation of trastuzumab treatment were more likely to have HF/cardiomyopathy (18.8% vs. 4.0%; p<.001), atrial fibrillation (5.4% vs. <3.2%, p=.006), and other cardiovascular events (7.9% vs. 3.5%; p=.017) within 45 days before or after the last trastuzumab treatment. These cardiovascular events were strongly associated with worse survival (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 3.54; 95% CI 1.87 to 6.68). Women with early discontinuation of trastuzumab treatment were also more likely to have worse overall survival, but the results were not statistically significant (AHR: 1.74; 95% CI 0.94 to 3.23). Conclusion: Early discontinuation of trastuzumab treatment is common among older women with breast cancer, and associated with higher rates of CV events. Reducing CV complications from trastuzumab therapy will likely improve overall survival in patients with breast cancer
Militant Motherhood Re‐Visited: Women's Participation and Political Power in Argentina and Chile

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article addresses the immediate and long‐term implications of militant motherhood in the Latin American Southern Cone. It contributes a new perspective to the now sizable literature on women's resistance and political participation by comparing militant motherhood under leaderships on opposite sides of the political spectrum. Mothers’ mobilization could, but did not, by definition, focus on gender equity or feminist goals. Anti‐Allende women in Chile demanded military intervention – while the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo in Argentina requested an end to human rights abuses by the incumbent military regime. Both show how cross‐national variation in the objective of militant motherhood still led to similar outcomes. The case studies of Chile and Argentina reveal that militant mothers’ immediate and long‐term success lay in the nature of their resistance and their skillful use of tradition. They expanded traditional understandings of motherhood, and helped overcome the limits of gendered citizenship rights that restricted women's political participation.
A rare complication of rupture of a mediastinal Teratoma into the bronchus: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Germ cell tumours (GCT) are tumours arising from primordial germ cells. Gonadal and extragonadal GCT are infrequent in childhood occurring at a rate of 2.4 cases per million children accounting for 2-3 % of paediatric malignancies with most common subtype being a matured Teratoma. Case presentation: We present a case of a 10-year-old female child who presented to the emergency department of a tertiary care centre with complaints of cough with massive expectoration of blood of approximately 200 ml in quantity which on imaging revealed a left anterior mediastinal mass which was managed by left lateral thoracotomy with a non-anatomical left sided pulmonary lobectomy which on histopathology was diagnosed to be a case of mature teratoma. Conclusion: This case report describes a unique presentation of extra-gonadal mediastinal teratoma which presented as a rare complication with rupture into the left bronchus. It emphasizes caution and a high clinical suspicion is required in managing cases of varied presentations of teratomas.
Maximum likelihood estimation of skew-t copulas with its applications to stock returns

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The multivariate Student-t copula family is used in statistical finance and other areas when there is tail dependence in the data. It often is a good-fitting copula but can be improved on when there is tail asymmetry. Multivariate skew-t copula families can be considered when there is tail dependence and tail asymmetry, and we show how a fast numerical implementation for maximum likelihood estimation is possible. For the copula implicit in a multivariate skew-t distribution, the fast implementation makes use of (i) monotone interpolation of the univariate marginal quantile function and (ii) a re-parametrization of the correlation matrix. Our numerical approach is tested with simulated data with data-driven parameters. A real data example involves the daily returns of three stock indices: the Nikkei225, S&P500 and DAX. With both unfiltered returns and GARCH/EGARCH filtered returns, we compare the fits of the Azzalini–Capitanio skew-t, generalized hyperbolic skew-t, Student-t, skew-Normal and Normal copulas.
Synthesis and Comparative Cytokinin Activities of N-(Purin-6-yl)-d- and -l-amino Acid Methyl Esters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Synthesis and Comparative Cytokinin Activities of N-(Purin-6-yl)-d- and -l-amino Acid Methyl Esters Get access Hajime Iwamura, Hajime Iwamura Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Minoru Yada, Minoru Yada Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Koichi Koshimizu, Koichi Koshimizu Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Satoshi Matsubara Satoshi Matsubara Laboratory of Applied Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 42, Issue 5, 1 May 1978, Pages 1009–1014, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1978.10863099 Published: 01 May 1978 Article history Received: 05 December 1977 Published: 01 May 1978
Mutation spectrum and erythrocyte indices characterisation of α-thalassaemia and β-thalassaemia in Sichuan women in China: a thalassaemia screening survey of 42 155 women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims The present study aims to investigate the mutation spectrum of thalassaemia, and characterise the erythrocyte indices of thalassaemia in a large cohort in Sichuan, which is a province with a high prevalence of thalassaemia in southern China. Methods The present study was conducted from July 2017 to July 2019. A total of 42 155 women screened for thalassaemia were enrolled. The thalassaemia carriers were screened by erythrocyte analysis and haemoglobin electrophoresis. Then, the screening test results and genetic results were collected. Results A total of 1109 individuals had thalassaemia gene defects. Among these individuals, 69.7% were α-thalassaemia (α-thal) and 28.6% were β-thalassaemia (β-thal). For α-thal defects, carriers with --SEA had the lowest mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) values. For β-thal defects, carriers with heterozygous haemoglobin E and −28 had the highest MCV and MCH values. In addition, an MCV cut-off of 80 fl and an MCH cut-off of 27 pg was able to detect 99.1% α0 thalassaemia and 99.7% β0/β+ thalassaemia; however, that criterion could result in a great number of false-negative results in α+ carriers. Conclusion A criterion of MCV <80 fl and MCH <27 pg is recommended for detecting –SEA carriers and β0/β+ carriers, while higher cut-offs are needed to detect α+ carriers.
Accounting as a tool for maintenance of bureaucratic domination

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study was based on bibliographical research, based on Weber's framework, aiming to discuss the existing relationship between accounting science and bureaucratic domination perpetuated by the model of rational companies. Weber's contributions in the literature on domination and power, as well as the analysis of its forms, are presented, not departing from the foundation of the origin of modern capitalism. In addition, the concepts derived from the accounting and its relations with the bureaucratic aspects of Weber are presented, given the strategy adopted of this study the literary revision. The discussion of this study evidences the intrinsic participation of legal, impersonal and rational aspects to the accounting. In addition, the study brings contributions to add such aspects in proposed organisational models, such as that presented by Alves (2003).
The Jewish Paramilitary Organizations in Palestine before the Creation of the State of Israel in 1948

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article takes a look at the history and origin of the main Jewish paramilitary organizations in the British Mandate of Palestine (1921–1948). One of the myths often used in Western and Israeli propagandistic literature describes Israel as a very weak state that after obtaining its sovereignty became extremely vulnerable to the heavily armed Arab hordes that invaded it immediately after the declaration of the Israeli State. However, the analysis above shows that the first Arab-Israeli conflict in 1948–1949 was not a battle between young David against the giant Goliath. By the time of the creation of Israel all the Jewish paramilitary organizations operating in Yishuv – “Haganah”, “Irgun” and LEHI – united creating the IDF. The national army of the newborn State met all the requirements of its time, was much better equipped, trained, mobilized and armed than the soldiers of all the neighboring Arab countries, which objectively predetermined their crushing defeat.
Resistance to primary prevention and early detection of cervical cancer

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: This paper is aimed at discussing the risks and difficulties found in the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer among the Brazilian population. \nMethods: The descriptive methodology used in this work is based on bibliographic research. Results: It is necessary to expand the notion of risk, as the HPV is considered to be a necessary cause of cervical cancer. Other causes are also discussed: gender issues, self-care and self-respect. The primary prevention is discussed as well, and focuses on the advantages and difficulties of the use of condoms. In addition, making an appointment with a health care provider helps early detection of cervical cancer, which has proven to be a successful tool against the disease. Conclusion: Cervical cancer is still harmful to women’s health. Although there are political strategies to fight against cervical cancer, the disease remains a serious problem for the Brazilian Health Care System. Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death in Brazil, and even though the strategies for primary prevention and early detection are well known, cervical cancer is still haunting women worldwide. \nDescriptors: Oncologic Nursing. Early Cancer Detection. Cervical Cancer. Cervical Cancer Prevention. Women’s Health.
A new application model for mobile technologies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The information society demands higher and higher productivity from people, which they indeed can achieve by using services and access information in the state of mobility. Mobile applications represent new application models that enable information support in the state of mobility. First, we discuss mobile applications in the context of information society, define their scope and limitations. Then we introduce a classical mobile application model, context, context-awareness, and context-aware mobile application model. In order to show the potential of information support in the state of mobility, we then discuss types of mobile applications and emphasise the significance of workflow concept for mobile applications.
Restructuring career counselling ventures of a mentoring program for medical students in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, medical curricula face major challenges. This also applies to mentoring programs, where face-to-face meetings are considered essential. Methods: The LMU Munich medical faculty mentoring program (MeCuM-Mentor) adapted to counteract the unforeseen pause of conventional course formats and associated uncertainty of many students. We here present an approach to transform the established large scale or group mentoring events of our program into online formats. Three projects are presented as examples: 1. HowTo Klink (HK), mainly informative in nature and with peer-mentoring character, 2. FacharztDuell (FAD) and 3. “Auf ein Gespräch mit... (AEGM)”, both with a focus on career counseling. Results: Initial evaluations show a similarly high participation rate and a high level of satisfaction among the participating students. Students' evaluation of whether the projects presented should take place in presence or in online format has so far shown no clear trend. Conclusion: Prospective studies are necessary to investigate the effectiveness of these online formats and analyse differences in participant behaviour. The extent to which online mentoring can replace classic mentoring functions has to be discussed anew.
Robust Sensor Fusion for Autonomous UAV Navigation in GPS denied Forest Environment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Forestry and precision biodiversity data collection using UAVs can be cost-effective and time efficient solution. However, navigating in the forest canopy autonomously can be quite challenging because of its GPS denied environment, cluttered, dynamic, and large scale. Most of the commercial UAVs used in forest applications apply GPS-based navigation which is not suitable for navigating under the canopy. In this paper, an autonomous UAV flight mission in a cluttered forest-like canopy environment is presented. A robust multi-sensor fusion-based robust navigation method which has failure detection features is proposed to enable safe and reliable autonomous navigation. The autonomy architecture utilizes the navigation, planning, and control capabilities of the UAV in a simultaneous manner. To achieve autonomous missions in forest environment, the proposed system has been tested rigorously in a simulated environment and the result shows the capability of autonomous flights in such a challenging environment. The performance of the autonomous flight was evaluated based on mean velocity and path length with respect to the increasing number of trees in the forest.
Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with adequate database selection improves the description of Arctic marine prokaryotic communities

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background High-throughput sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA gene has improved the taxonomic classification of prokaryotes found in natural environments. However, sequencing of shorter regions from the same gene, like the V4-V5 region, can provide more cost-effective high throughput. It is unclear which approach best describes prokaryotic communities from underexplored environments. In this study, we hypothesize that high-throughput full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with adequate taxonomic databases improves the taxonomic description of prokaryotic communities from underexplored environments in comparison with high-throughput sequencing of a short region of the 16S rRNA gene. Results To test our hypothesis, we compared taxonomic profiles of seawater samples from the Arctic Ocean using: full-length and V4-V5 16S rRNA gene sequencing in combination with either the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) or the Silva taxonomy database. Our results show that all combinations of sequencing strategies and taxonomic databases present similar results at higher taxonomic levels. However, at lower taxonomic levels, namely family, genus, and most notably species level, the full-length approach led to higher proportions of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) assigned to formally valid taxa. Hence, the best taxonomic description was obtained by the full-length and GTDB combination, which in some cases allowed for the identification of intraspecific diversity of ASVs. Conclusions We conclude that coupling high-throughput full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing with GTDB improves the description of microbiome profiling at lower taxonomic ranks. The improvements reported here provide more context for scientists to discuss microbial community dynamics within a solid taxonomic framework in environments like the Arctic Ocean with still underrepresented microbiome sequences in public databases.
Nuclear magnetic resonance determination of ketone basicity and the use of ketones as indicators for evaluation of medium acidity

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear magnetic resonance determination of ketone basicity and the use of ketones as indicators for evaluation of medium acidityGeorge C. Levy, Joseph D. Cargioli, and Warella RacelaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 21, 6238–6246Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00724a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00724a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Barriers to the Success of Strategic University - Industry Collaborative Research Projects

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Aerospace companies and universities conduct strategic collaborative research projects, one of th e aims of which is to transfer technology between the parties involved. However, barriers such as the difficulty of transferring tacit knowledge, the cultural differences between universities and companies, interpersonal difficulties and labour turnover ca n impede the success of such collaborative projects. Case studies, focus group sessions and questionnaires have been employed to investigate these barriers in university - industry collaborations in the aerospace sector and to identify solutions for overco ming some of these barriers. Principal barriers identified by aerospace industry and university questionnaire respondents were delays in the fulfilment of objectives, the differing time horizons of university and industry, bureaucracy, financial difficulti es and the short -term focus of industry. The paper incorporates information from the literature and the research into a practical model that can be used as a guide by project managers in universities and aerospace companies participating in collaborations to help overcome these barriers. The model operates at an inter -organisational level and adopts an organisational learning approach to technology transfer in which technology transfer is viewed as a process rather than an event. The model focuses both on m anaging individual university - industry collaborative projects and managing university - industry collaborations over time. The model is now being validated via a case study and preliminary findings from this work are presented.
The long-term impact of manure application on soil microbial properties and nutrient cycling in Manitoban soils

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The impact of long-term manure application on soil microbial properties was studied at ten sites across the south portion of Manitoba. Each site had different management histories, but consisted of adjacent non-amended and manure-amended (hog or cattle) fields. With no long-term manure-amended field plots available in Manitoba, this study provided a survey of the impacts of long-term manure-amendment on range of soil properties. Biological, physical and chemical soil aspects as well as predictive measures of N mineralization (KC1 extractable NH4+, laboratory incubations) were tested against field N mineralization as influenced by manure treatment. Site differences dominated most parameters examined; suggesting that approaches to N mineralization prediction must include site-specific characteristics. Many parameters responded differently to manure treatment. In general, manure application stimulated microbial community size and activity as demonstrated by higher levels of microbial biomass C (MBC), microbial biomass N (MBN), glutaminase, urease, and dehydrogenase. These parameters were correlated to extractable organic carbon levels, which were greater in manure-amended soils. Hence, manure application by increasing the availability of carbon substrate, enhanced the microbial community and increased the mineralization potential of the soil. The influence of manure amendment was most consistently expressed in sites with longer manure management histories (>35 years). Step-wise regression analyses demonstrated distinct relationships between selected variables on manure-amended and non manure-amended sites. The variation in field N mineralization in manure-amended soils was best described by MBN, urease, organic carbon, pH, and sand content (R2 = 0.76, RMSE 1.07). Manure application did not significantly impact on soil microbial diversity as measured by substrate ultilization patterns; however, longer histories of manure application tended to have greater microbial diversity as shown by the Shannon Diversity Index and partial RDA analyses. Texture, current crop and manure type also affect the diversity of the microbial community and other biological and chemical observed in this study. This study demonstrated that biological parameters are critical to the understanding of nutrient dynamics in manure-amended soil, but no one single measure can be used. Site-specific characterisitics and the potential for nitrogen loss via leaching and denitrification also need to be considered to allow estimation of plant available N.