jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bumpy Road or Fast Lane? Central European countries, ERA and the Lisbon-Barcelona strategy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The reintegration into the political and economic systems of Europe – that is, accession to the European Union – has posed a complex, tremendous challenge for Central European countries (CECs) since the beginning of the 1990s. First, the demanding and socially rather costly process of political and economic transition had to be completed. Not only macroeconomic stabilisation was required, but fundamental organisational and institutional changes were also needed to transform these countries into stable, middle-income economies, capable of catching up with the more advanced ones in the longer run. These sweeping changes were reflected in the ownership, production, employment and trade structures in CECs in the 1990s, albeit at a different speed, and taking country-specific routes. These economies, in practice, had already been integrated into the EU markets in various ways – via foreign trade links, by joining international production networks, as well as by ownership links – to a large extent, even before becoming member states.In the meantime, accession negotiations had been completed by the end of 2002, and all CECs – among the ten new member states – joined the EU on 1 May 2004. Harmonisation of the written rules has been a formidable task, indeed. Yet, adapting and adjusting the institutions, values and behavioural rules, remains a colossal task well after the formal entry into the EU. In other words, the real challenge is not just to achieve formal membership, but cohesion with the advanced, core member states of the EU. Having completed the first round of transition, CECs have again reached a cross-roads: the world economy, as well as the EU itself, have significantly changed during this historically short period of time. Moreover, the EU is going to be reshaped not just because of the global, structural changes, but as the result of the very process of enlargement as well.CECs now have to consider what role to play in the globalising learning economy: do they passively accept the fate of a merely surviving economy, relying on extended and extensive EU assistance? Or, by implementing a sound and well-articulated strategy, do CECs intend to be prosperous countries in 20-25 years? In that future their citizens would enjoy high living standards, good health and a clean environment, and to sustain that, companies would become strong competitors, and thanks to that, CECs would become net contributors to the EU budget, supporting the cohesion of the even larger EU and its co-operation with neighbouring countries.The paper, based on interviews with high-ranking policy-makers in 4 CECs, as well as on background documents and the relevant literature, reviews the current challenges and options for decision-makers in CECs.
Does Inflation Grease the Wheels of Adjustment? New evidence from the US economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a new interpretation of the Phillips curve that rests on the process of nominal wage adjustment in a multi-sector economy. Nominal demand growth causes inflation in sectors with full employment, but it speeds up the process of employment creation in sectors with unemployment. As a result, demand-pull inflation is associated with both a reduction in the duration of unemployment and the economy wide average rate of unemployment. The paper provides empirical evidence from the US economy consistent with this claim.
The appearance of the inferior thyroid veins on computed tomography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Computed tomography (CT) scans of the mediastinum in 80 patients were reviewed retrospectively to determine the nature of small opacities which are identified on contiguous cuts. These structures varied in number from one to five. The pattern of enhancement, appearance on contiguous CT sections and position in the mediastinum led us to believe that these represent inferior thyroid veins. To our knowledge their appearance on CT has not been reported previously.
Allergic Reaction after the Insertion of a Latex Urethral Catheter: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Natural rubber latex is a processed plant product that is manufactured from the rubber tree, Hevea braziliensis. Allergy to natural rubber latex, which contains a complex blend of water-soluble plant proteins, is a major source of concern in clinical practice. Latex is the inciting factor in at least 10 percent of anaphylactic reactions that have been reported during anesthesia. IgE-mediated sensitization to natural rubber latex could induce hypersensitivity reactions ranging from mild contact urticaria to potentially life-threatening anaphylaxis. Because of the ubiquitous use of latex in medical equipment and devices, anesthesiologist should give more attention and to the management of the allergic reactions to latex in high risk groups. We report upon the anesthetic management of a parturient undergoing Cesarean section, in which an allergic reaction to latex developed just after the insertion of latex urethral catheter.
Functional connectivity signatures in fMRI-derived connectome for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Rearrangement of synaptic connectivity is believed to be involved in shaping neuronal connections during brain developmental in early childhood, which determine mental health and behaviour of an individual. We here compare two types of the functional connectivity patterns: i) changes of healthy infants (3.7–32.6 months) to adults (25–35 yrs), reflecting normal developmental pattern, and ii) changes of healthy infants to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients (9.3–35.2 yrs), which encapsulate both developmental and ASD-specific pathological pattern. Using graph-based network parameters in the fMRI-derived connectome, we quantified changes and calculated average and median percent differences of various brain lobes. The connectome-to-connectome comparison suggests that synaptic rewiring is primarily concentrated in intra-thalamic and inter-lobe connections with the thalamus, and the ASD patients were characterised by significant thalamo-cortical hyperconnectivity. The average percent difference of the functional connectivity between ASD patients and adults for thalamus were as high as 82.58 % (degree), 72.8 % (betweenness centrality) 17.41 % (clustering coefficient) and 10.77/15.57 % (global/local efficiency). Regression models were built for normal brain development using functional connection data of healthy infants, child, adolescents and adults for each brain lobe. These regression curves suggest linearly increasing trends of functional connections from infant to adult in all brain lobes except in thalamus. Functional connections of ASD data are significantly different from this trends and characterized by significant overconnectivity. The distinct functional network signatures have the potential to serve as diagnostic markers of ASD. Towards this end, a method has been developed. The method can distinguish ASD subjects from their typically developing peers and healthy individuals with reasonable accuracy and specificity.
Assessment of Immunity Status in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Wound infection and abscess are the common post operative complications in pancreatic cancer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of immunity in patients with cancer in the head of pancreas by analyzing the levels of immunoglobulins, compliments, acute phase reactants and the efficiency of neutrophils for phagocytosis. The study was conducted on 89 patients with cancer in the pancreatic acini/pancreatic duct/head of pancreas/periampullary region and on equal number of age and sex matched normal healthy volunteers. All the patients were in a need to undergo either pancreaticoduodenectomy or duodenal preserving resection of head of the pancreas. The levels of IgM, IgA, IgE, C3, C4, C-reactive proteins, haptaglobin, α2 macroglobulin were assayed in the blood samples. The level of phagocytosis and bactericidal activity were evaluated in neutrophils. The level of IgM was significantly low and the levels of IgA and IgE were significantly high in pancreatic cancer patients. The levels of C-reactive protein, haptaglobin, α2 macroglobulin , C3 and C4 were elevated significantly. The phagocytic efficiency and the bactericidal action of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes and mononuclear cells were low in pancreatic cancer patients when compared to normal control subjects. In pancreatic cancer patients the antibody mediated immunity is disturbed and the acute phase response is stimulated to counteract the infection and the abnormal metabolites released from malignant cells. The functional impairment of phagocytes might be responsible for the post operative complications in pancreatic cancer patients.
Speaking and the world : a phenomenology of voice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this work is to describe how the human speaking voice can be simultaneously present and absent to those who hear and listen. A significant portion of the work is devoted to a study of Joseph Conrad's novel Heart of Darkness with a focus on the character Kurtz who is described as "little more than a voice". As well, I investigate Maurice Merleau-Ponty's idea of "authentic speech" and how that relates to a phenomenon I describe as "speech projecting a world". In the last section of the thesis I confront some realist presuppositions about how we understand the meaning of the term "the world" in order to show that realism is inadequate. The work concludes with a consideration of the ontological and metaphysical implications of saying that the human voice in speech is both present and absent.
Unusual Osteoblastic Metastases from Carcinoid Tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two cases of metastatic bronchial carcinoid tumors with two distinctive patterns of osteoblastic bony metastases are presented and discussed in context with the current literature. Osteoblastic lesions are characterized by (a) unusually discrete radiating spiculation, or (b) diffuse bony sclerosis with dramatic expansion of contours which may occur with metastases from primary carcinoid tumors arising in the bronchial tree or lower gastrointestinal tract. Primary metastatic carcinoid should be included in the differential of osteoblastic bony metastases, particularly when these two patterns are encountered.
A Twin Study on Leprosy, By M.R. Chakravartti (Waltair, AP, India) and F. Vogel (Heidelberg, GFR). Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1973. Vol. 1 in the series, Topics in Human Genetics, edited by P.E. Becker, W. Lenz, F. Vogel, G.G. Wendt. Soft cover, 17 × 24 cm, IX + 124 pp, 111 illustrations and 12 tables. Price: DM 54 (approximately US $ 22.00).

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

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1895 Epidemiology of Pediatric Emergencies in Local Emergency Medical System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The development of Pediatric Advanced Life Support and Advanced Pediatric Life Support have demonstrated new interest in emergency care of pediatrics and have made it imperative to have data that define the potential risks and preventive strategies. the different Prehospital recording sheets and tapes were reviewed retrospectively over a 12-month duration from March 2011. Patients under 19 years of age were studied in a service area with a population of 670,000. A total of 1,115 records were analyzed, representing approximately 12&percnt; of all ambulance runs. This is sharply in contrast with the fact that the pediatric age group represents 32&percnt; of the population. Of the cases, 32.7&percnt; were in the trauma category. The largest trauma group was motor vehicle accidents in the adolescent age group. Male patients were dominant in the trauma cases. Medical disorders were the major reason for prehospital care in the very young. The demand for emergency medical services (EMS) occurred mainly during the summer months and on the first week of the year (NOWROOZ) and weekends. More than 62 percent of all EMS pediatric calls happened during the hours of 1:00 pm to 9:00 pm. Resuscitation of 10 cases of pediatric prehospital arrest resulted in no survivors to hospital discharge mostly because of drowning, foreign body obstruction and falling down.
In-situ electrochemical synthesis of prussian \nblue composite with gold nanoparticles and its \napplication in hydrogen peroxide biosensor

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This manuscript presents in-situ electrochemical synthesis of Prussian Blue-gold nanoparticles (PB- AuNPs) composite for application in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) biosensor. The SEM image clearly showed the presence of AuNPs of size in range of 50 to 200 nm spread on PB matrix. UV-Visible spectra showed absorbance peak at 530 nm corresponding to AuNPs and a hump in 690-740 nm region for PB, confirming the synthesis of composite. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed the surface coverage of 3.65 x 10-9 mol/cm2 for pure PB film and 4.33 x 10-9 mol/cm2 \nfor PB-AuNPs film, with diffusion coefficient of 1.19 \nx 10-9 cm2 /s, and 5.64 x 10-9 cm2 /s respectively. The film thickness is found to be 2.4 x 10-12 cm for PB and 2.9 x 10-12 cm for PB-AuNPs composite. The concentration of redox active centers (Fe+3/+2) is 3.5 moles/cm3 \nfor ITO/PB and 4.1 moles/cm3 for ITO/PB-AuNPs respectively. The CV of ITO/PB showed one redox couple at 0.118 V and 0.215 V, whereas with ITO/PBAuNPs \nelectrode, two sets of well-defined redox peaks; (i) 0.095 V & 0.135 V and (ii) 0.74 V & 0.78 V were obtained. The faradic current obtained with ITO/PB was 3.6 x 10-3 A and 7.3 x 10-3 A for ITO/PB-AuNPs composite film, respectively. The faradic current was almost double in presence of gold nanoparticles, as compared to pure PB. For H2O2 biosensor, the horse radish peroxidase (HRP) was immobilized on composite film and was used for H2O2 detection. The linearity was obtained from 10 to 90 nM, with sensitivity of 0.73µA/nM and the apparent Km value was 45 nM. The response time of reported biosensor is \n20 sec and is stable for about three months.
The REF's Focus on Linear and Direct Impact is Problematic and Silences Certain Types of Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the last Research Excellence Framework (REF), the new element of research impact was understood in very linear and direct terms. Aoileann Ni Mhurchu, Laura McLeod, Stephanie Collins and Gabriel Siles-Brugge consider how accepted definitions of impact may have had the effect of silencing certain types of research. Research and impact should be seen as a two-way street, where academics engage with their research subjects as part of a process of co-production. Moreover, impact must be thought of as a collective endeavour that captures the broader social and cultural benefits of academic work. The Stern Review recommendations are to be welcomed but whether and how they are adopted remains to be seen.
Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Polygamy, marriage to more than one spouse at a time, cannot be seen in the fossil record of our primitive ancestor, Homo erectus, and no one knows if Lucy of the African Rift, reputed to be the mother of us all, was a plural mate.A recent study of the evolution of human sexuality concludes, however, that while modern man is often culturally obliged to be monogamous, he may be biologically predisposed to polygamy.1 Therefore it should not surprise us that polygamy has been practiced in many parts of the world.Plural marriage has been found in India, Nepal, China, the Middle East, Africa, Indonesia, Australia, in early Germanic tribes, among certain native Indian societies of the Americas and Eskimos of the Arctic, and, notably, the Mormons of North America.2There were multiple wives and concubines in ancient Mesopotamia and among Old Testament leaders of the early Hebrew peoples.Abraham, David, and Solomon had many wives, but Jewish law required monogamy by the eleventh century C.E. Polygamy was also found in pre-Islamic Arabic cultures of the Middle East, Asia, and North Africa.Later, the Koran 1.
File-Based Workflows Update

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It is no longer the “wild west.” File-based technologies have matured a great deal and the march towards fully file-based workflows proceeds apace. At this point, there are almost no facility designs that should not be done with file-based technologies as a primary part of the system. Many facilities are appropriate to design as fully file-based with the realtime “edge” being pushed out exclusively to the very borders of the workflow.
[High-level expression and antimicrobial activity of recombinant N-terminal porcine lactoferrin].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lactoferrin in milk is a multifunctional protein. In addition, lactoferrin has antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic activity. In this study, the N-terminus from porcine lactoferrin (PLF-N) was designed to express the antimicrobial action of recombinant porcine lactoferrin. We cloned a 1077 bp fragment of the PLF gene from mammary gland tissue of the lactating sow at the third day. Comparing nucleotide sequence with four strains of PLF gene published on GenBank, the homology was more than 99%. With the reference template of the cloned fragment of PLF-N and optimizing codon bias, we synthesized the gene of N-terminus encoding porcine lactoferrin (PLF-NS). The high expression gene of PLF-NS was cloned into the fusion expression vector pET30b and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). After induced with Isopropyl beta-D-1-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), the target fusion protein was successfully expressed and identified in inclusion bodies by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The protein had a molecular weight of 42 kDa and accounted for 32% of the total cellular protein. After purification and renaturation, the purity of the expressed protein was 98%. The expressed PLF-NS protein showed obviously antibacterial activity. This method provides an excellent way for high expression of antimicrobial proteins when optimizing codon bias.
Sailing Away on the SS Academe: A Discussion of Current Graduate Student Experience in Leisure

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Navigating the roles and responsibilities of graduate work is a complex, and often confusing business of workflows, labor (emotional and physical), and moving in several different directions. As graduate students, we find solace and compassion in the words and (mostly) shared experiences of our colleagues, and challenges in the desires, requirements, and "this is your life now" statements of our supervisors and faculty mentors. To be a trainee in the academic context of leisure studies is to make an already complex work of personal development and intellectual labor even more complicated. Building on personal experience and the collective experiences of my colleagues, this paper will discuss PhD student experiences in leisure, and the deep influences that structural and social changes are having on those same students. It will explore our perceptions of post-PhD horizons, the challenges of student lives, and the complexities of being both a professional and a novice at the same time. As graduate students, we navigate these issues using the tools at our disposal (both traditional and modern), all-the-while wondering if we are doing any of it the "right" way. Enlisting the attractive metaphorical spaces of sailing and the crew of a tall ship, this paper explores the academic seas as a trainee on the SS Academe.
The Normative Implications of Political Decision-Making for Benefit-Cost Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Potential Pareto criterion, or Kaldor-Hicks standard, presumes that costs are not fully compensated. Yet, uncompensated costs can incentivize costly political activity and create uncertainty about political outcomes. These consequences are not reckoned in the standard benefit-cost analysis. This study models political costs and uncertainty as a function of project parameters and political-institutional characteristics. The economic consequences of political behavior are then incorporated into an adjusted project evaluation standard. This standard assures that the project’s conventionally measured net benefits are sufficient to cover political costs and uncertainty about the decision-making outcome.
Intradural extramedullary cavernous hemangioma of the cervicothoracic junction: A case report and review of the literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Intradural extramedullary cavernous hemangiomas of the spine are rare, benign lesions with only 40 published cases to date. Case Description: The authors report a rare case of a histologically diagnosed intradural extramedullary cavernous hemangioma of the spine involving the cervicothoracic junction and causing sudden gait disturbances and urinary retention in a 24-year-old male. Gross total tumor removal allowed complete spinal decompression and sensible improvement of the clinical condition with no evidence of tumor relapse at 12-month follow-up examination. Conclusion: More frequently found in the lower thoracic and lumbar spine, these tumors often cause subtle clinical manifestations including sensory and motor dysfunction secondary to nerve root compression; nonetheless, occasional cases of rapidly progressive worsening of the neurological condition with evidence of myelopathy and autonomic dysfunction have been described. In such cases, urgent surgical resection is crucial since the degree of neurological impairment and the time spanned from the onset of the symptoms are paramount for a good recovery.
Synthesis of New Heterocyclic Compounds Derived from Anthrone and Evaluation of Their Biological Activity

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this research, Schiff bases derived from the reaction of anthrone with different heterocyclic amines have been described. The resulted Schiff base compounds were reacted with various nucleophiles in order to obtain new heterocyclic derivatives. Chemical structures of all products were confirmed by IR, 1H-, 13C-NMR spectral data and elemental analysis. All synthesized compounds were in vitro tested against a standard strain of pathogenic microorganism including Gram +ve bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram –ve bacteria (Escherichia coli), and fungi (Candida albicans).
Pulse combustion drying with stirling engine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Drying is one of the most essential factors when it comes to preserving food, other industrial uses and more. However, since drying uses the combustion of fuels, the limitation in fuel resources or other resources to burn to produce energy required for drying had led mankind to look for alternative form of engine that has less dependence on fuel. With pulse combustion drying proving to be an effective method on drying, the Stirling engine has been called upon to tap on the potential use of the heat energy produce from the pulse combustor as its heat source rather than it is loss to the atmosphere. In this experiment, we will see the use of the Rijke tube as a simulator of the pulse combustor in industries while the Stirling engine is designed to be attached onto the tube and create mechanical means to help in the rate of drying. Soaked soya beans and green peas were used as the products to be dried in this experiment. This study can be used to see the effectiveness of using the Stirling engine as an alternative engine to combustible engines.