jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITES (ROM) ON THE ATTACHMENT AND INGESTION PHASES OF C3b‐ AND IgG‐MEDIATED PHAGOCYTOSIS BY MACROPHAGES

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The effects of enzymatically produced reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) on the attachment and ingestion phases of C3b‐ and IgG‐mediated phagocytosis by cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM) was investigated using a hypoxanthine‐xanthine oxidase ROM‐generating system. ROM‐exposure at a dose which did not affect cell viability caused a slight decrease in the percentage of phagocytosing cells. The total number of cell‐associated (attached and ingested) C3b‐ and IgG‐coated particles initially decreased in relation to controls. After 120 min the number of attached and ingested C3b‐particles had returned to the level of controls, while the corresponding value for IgG‐particles lagged behind. The number of ingested particles decreased in both C3b‐ and IgG‐groups at each time‐point studied (30–150 min). A linear increase in the formation of lipid peroxidation products was measured during the period of observation, while transmission electron microscopical studies showed largely intact morphology. These results indicate that ROM species may induce membrane‐related changes in inflammatory cells such as macrophages. probably due to lipid peroxidation; affecting the binding functions of the C3b‐ and Fc‐receptors, without any obvious alteration in cellular fine structure.
Could 101-14 Mgt Rootstock Affect Post-Spring Frost Vine Developing? Preliminary Findings

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(1) Background: Spring frost damage is a common phenomenon that occurs in Southern Chile that considerably affects vine productivity and grape quality. (2) Methods: A field trial was conducted in order to study vine phenology and berry physicochemical parameters in Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir ungrafted and grafted (onto 101-14 Mgt rootstock) grapevines after a spring frost. This event killed the totality of primary bud shoots when the vines reached the phenological stage of unfolded leaves. (3) Results: From budburst, to flowering of secondary bud shoots, ungrafted Sauvignon Blanc grapevines presented an advanced phenology, whereas 101-14 Mgt rootstock tended to advance the maturity of Pinot Noir grapevines from flowering to ripening of berries. At harvest, berries from secondary buds of vines grafted onto 101-14 Mgt rootstock showed higher soluble solids than the ones from ungrafted Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc vines. High total phenolic content was found in berries from secondary buds of the grafted vines, compared to the ones from the ungrafted vines. Berry soluble solids variability tended to statistically decrease toward harvest in the studied plant materials, and the maximum coefficient of variation for soluble solids, berry weight, berry firmness and berry size reached 9.5%, 25.9%, 18.6% and 8.9%, respectively. (4) Conclusions: These preliminary results may be interesting for the Southern Chilean viticulturists since it seems that 101-14 Mgt rootstock could affect phenology and grape berry maturity of grapevines established in the Cautín Valley after spring frost damage.
Bringing the family back in? Attitudes towards the role of the family in caring for the elderly and children

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the last few years, demands for replacing the welfare state with family responsibility for the care of children and the elderly have become more and more insistent. Using data from a recent postal survey (N = 1,737), the article’s aim is to estimate the caring possibilities and caring potential of the family. The results show that compared to outside-home care and especially publicly provided outside-home care, family care is not supported by public opinion. However, the results provide no evidence of a decline in the caregiving potential of the family. Thus, the introduction of new family care-oriented policies and cuts in the public welfare services aimed at increasing family responsibility for the care of dependants could even be counterproductive, as families would soon be overloaded with caring tasks.
LHD 10-O_R_01 #162994.1 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 10-O Right port camera, where ROI is (858,212) - (924,308) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
Managing Pheochromocytoma And Paraganglioma In Pregnancy: Lessons From A Clinical Case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that produce excessive catecholamines, posing significant risks during pregnancy. This case study follows a 24-year-old woman with untreated hypertension and Ménard’s triad symptoms, initially managed without detailed investigation. Elevated plasma metanephrine levels and imaging confirmed a pheochromocytoma, and though the patient was lost to follow-up for a year, she was readmitted at 13 weeks of gestation. A pre-pregnancy CT scan identified a large hypervascular left adrenal mass. Following normal genetic testing and a multidisciplinary approach, she underwent a successful laparotomy with left adrenalectomy, with no complications in the ongoing pregnancy. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management of PPGLs to prevent adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, highlighting the need for careful monitoring and surgical intervention when necessary
A case of hepato-biliary infection secondary to cryptosporidium in a patient on tacrolimus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Cryptosporidium infection is known to cause hepato-biliary involvement, mainly in association with T-cell immune deficiency. Hepato-biliary involvement in association with milder immunosuppression is less well described. We describe the first case, to our knowledge, of Cryptosporidium hominis hepato-biliary infection associated with tacrolimus in a patient with nephrotic syndrome. Case presentation. A 14 year old girl who had been on tacrolimus for nephrotic syndrome presented with diarrhea due to C. hominis . Nineteen days after her initial presentation she attended hospital with abdominal pain and deranged liver function tests. An ultrasound scan showed a thickened gall bladder. Her symptoms settled and her liver function tests returned to normal after treatment with nitazoxanide. Conclusion. Cryptosporidium should be considered in the differential diagnosis of both diarrhea and hepato-biliary symptoms and abnormal liver function tests, even in the presence of relatively mild immunosuppression. Nitazoxanide was an effective treatment in this case.
Production of eco-friendly high-performance mortar with the addition of iron ore tailings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study investigated the mechanical performance and durability of high-performance structural mortars with mineral admixture of iron ore tailings (IOT) at 112 days of age. Mortars containing IOT showed porosities lower than 2.1%, high compressive strength (> 95 MPa) and flexural strength (37% higher) and a reduction of 4.55% in CO2 emissions. It is concluded that the incorporation of IOTs in mortars provides improvements in physical, mechanical and durability properties, in admixture to being ecologically more sustainable.
Classification of uveitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary The uveitis is a condition that involves inflammation of the uveal tract (i.e. iris, ciliary body, choroid) or adjacent ocular structures (e.g. retina, optic nerve, vitreous, sclera). In most cases, the etiology remains elusive and is often of an autoimmune nature. Classification and standardization of uveitis is important, as it enhances the precision and comparability of clinical research from different centers and assists in the development of a complete picture of the course of the disorders and their response to treatment. Uveitis may be classified in a number of ways, according to several systems and multiple descriptors. The most widely used classification of uveitis is the one devised by the International Uveitis Study Group ( IUSG ) in 1987, based on the anatomical location of the inflammation. This classification includes anterior uveitis (iritis, iridocyclitis, and anterior cyclitis), intermediate uveitis (pars planitis, posterior cyclitis, and hyalitis), posterior uveitis (focal, multifocal, or diffuse choroiditis, chorioretinitis, retinitis, and neuroretinitis) or panuveitis (anterior chamber, vitreous, retina, and choroid).
Modernized system of phased broiler chicken rearing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The modernized domestic complex of LLC "Belgrankorm – Veliky Novgorod" is engaged in the production of embryos, eggs, meat, its processing and freezing and facilitates productivity of chickens, safety of a livestock, body weight gain, achieves the reduction of rearing terms by 5 days and the decrease of feed expenses on 1 kg of production.The duration of the incubation period of eggs in the cabinets of the incubation shop is 18 days. During the following incubation phase (from 18th to 21st days) toxic substances, gases and decay products accumulate in the cabinets. They also get into the body of embryos and hatched chickens, as well as maintenance personnel. Modernized poultry farm facilities enable embryos to be transported by mobile method for three days (from 18th to 21st day) directly to poultry houses (buildings) for hatching of chickens and their subsequent rearing. This can significantly reduce the amount of toxic substances, gases and decay products, energy and financial costs and improve environmental and biological safety. On the 18th or 19th day, egg embryos were exposed to ozonation for 5 min by the "Rios–20" apparatus with a capacity of 20 g/m3. With the current technology, hatching of chickens directly in the housing (poultry house) occurs on the 21st day, when they jump out of their lofty perches in special conveyor belts, quickly find their "working" places, identify their drinking bowls (nipple), feeders and litter (with grain). Broiler chickens of cross "Hubbard" were reared.
Cytokine Dysregulation inMECP2- andCDKL5-Related Rett Syndrome: Relationships with Aberrant Redox Homeostasis, Inflammation, andω-3 PUFAs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An involvement of the immune system has been suggested in Rett syndrome (RTT), a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder related to oxidative stress, and caused by a mutation in the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 gene ( MECP2 ) or, more rarely, cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 ( CDKL5 ). To date, it is unclear whether both mutations may have an impact on the circulating cytokine patterns. In the present study, cytokines involved in the Th1-, Th2-, and T regulatory (T-reg) response, as well as chemokines, were investigated in MECP2 - ( MECP2 -RTT) (n=16) and CDKL5 -Rett syndrome ( CDKL5 -RTT) (n=8), before and after ω -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation. A major cytokine dysregulation was evidenced in untreated RTT patients. In MECP2 -RTT, a Th2-shifted balance was evidenced, whereas in CDKL5 -RTT both Th1- and Th2-related cytokines (except for IL-4) were upregulated. In MECP2 -RTT, decreased levels of IL-22 were observed, whereas increased IL-22 and T-reg cytokine levels were evidenced in CDKL5 -RTT. Chemokines were unchanged. The cytokine dysregulation was proportional to clinical severity, inflammatory status, and redox imbalance. Omega-3 PUFAs partially counterbalanced cytokine changes, as well as aberrant redox homeostasis and the inflammatory status. RTT is associated with a subclinical immune dysregulation as the likely consequence of a defective inflammation regulatory signaling system.
Colostomy in the trauma patient: Experience in 55 cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Fifty-five consecutive patients undergoing colostomy for colonic trauma are reviewed. A complication rate of 18 per cent is reported, with a higher rate of patients with stomal management problems. A new colostomy classification, which simplifies nomenclature and is particularly applicable to the training institution and the military, is recommended. As a result of findings in this series of patients, the divided-loop colostomy which is sutured to the abdominal wall and skin and well separated from the primary incision and drain sites is recommended for the trauma patient.
Geriatric neurosurgery: Analysis of a single tertiary centre in Hong Kong

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The elderly aged 80 years and older represent a rapidly growing proportion of Hong Kong's population.It was 3.1% in 2007 and has increased to 4.9% in 2017.It is expected to further raise to 10% in 2037.A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted for all neurosurgery admission of aged 80 years and above in Queen Elizabeth Hospital from 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2016.Data was retrieved from Clinical Management System from Hospital Authority.Patient demographics, principal diagnosis, operation performed, perioperative complications, length of stay and mortality were collected and analyzed.A total of 2611 geriatric admissions were included, which accounted for 11.9% of all neurosurgery admission in that period.The majority (51%) of the elderly were admitted for head trauma.There were 397 elderly patients (15.2%) underwent neurosurgical operations.About 1/8 of elderly patients succumbed during the index hospital stay.When we dichotomized this 10-year period, our elderly population increased from 3.5% to 4.5%, however our geriatric admission percentage doubled from 7.8% to 15%.There was increased rate of performing neurosurgical operations on the elderly, from 9.3% rose up to 17.5% (p=0.129).The operation mortality rate dropped from 11.8% to 10.3% (p=0.157) and their average length of stay reduced from 38.9 days to 25 days (p=0.368).There was increasing demand for elderly neurosurgical care in the setting of growing geriatric population in Hong Kong.They were mostly trauma related.Nearly one-fifth of them required neurosurgical interventions.In recent years, we could achieve lower operation mortality rate and shorter length of stay.
Constitutive Expression of Arylsulfatase from Pseudoalteromonas carageenovora in E. coli and Its Application to Preparation of Agarose

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The arylsulfatase gene (astA, 984 bp ORF) from Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora genome was amplified by PCR and subcloned into the pHCE-IA vector, in which the hyper consitutive expression (HCE) promoter from the D-amino acid aminotransferase (D-AAT) gene of Geobacillus toevii was employed. The transformant cell, Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)/pHCE-AST, on LB agar plate containig 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate, showed an intense fluorescence at 360 nm, indicating that 4-methylumbelliferone was liberated by desulfatate activity. When BL21 (DE3)/pHCE-AST was grown on LB media containing 0.4% glucose or 0.4% glycerol, the arylsulfatase activity was higher at glycerol rather than at glucose. On 2% glycerol medium, the arylsulfatase activity reached 15.0 unit/ml, which was 2.6-fold higher expression level than that with 1% glycerol. The DNA ladder in agarose prepared from agar by this recombinant enzyme revealed similar resolution and migration patterns with a commercial agarose. This results suggests that arylsulfatase overexpressed in E. coli could be applicable to the economic production of electrophoretic-grade agarose.
Quench behavior of a superconducting accelerator magnet

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Data are presented on the minimum energy required to cause quenches to propagate in an accelerator dipole magnet. The amount of stored energy dissipated into the magnet was measured as a function of dipole excitation current. This in turn determines the maximum coil temperature reached in a given magnet. Quench velocities in the longitudinal direction of the conductor were as high as 11m/sec. The azimuthal velocities or turn to turn velocities were found to be a function of the number of fiberglass layers of insulation that the quench had to cross and were on the order of a few tens of centimeters/sec. The field shape of a given magnet was found to be unchanged for more than 100 quenches. The coil to coil connection and inter-coil splice resistances were found to be less than a nano-ohm and therefore of little consequence in the cryogenic load considerations. No definitive answers were found on how to decrease the rate of training (130 Gauss/Quench average) required from 4.0T to 5.1T.
Stereolithography 3D Printer for Micromodel Fabrications with Comprehensive Accuracy Evaluation by Using Microtomography

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Micromodels are important for studying various pore-scale phenomena in hydrogeology. However, the fabrication of a custom micromodel involves complicated steps with cost-prohibitive equipment. The direct fabrication of micromodels with a 3D printer can accelerate the fabrication steps and reduce the cost. A stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer is one of the best options because it has sufficient printing performance for micromodel fabrication and is relatively inexpensive. However, it is not without drawbacks. In this report, we explored the capability of an SLA 3D printer for micromodel fabrication. Various parameters affecting the printing results, such as the effects of geometries, dimensions, printing axis configurations, printing thickness resolutions, and pattern thicknesses were investigated using microtomography for the first time. Eventually, the most optimal printing configuration was then also discussed. In the end, a complete micromodel was printed, assembled, and used for fluid displacement experiments. As a demonstration, viscous and capillary fingerings were successfully performed using this micromodel design.
Defoliation Effects on Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seed Yield and Oil Quality

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of the present study was to determine the influence of artificial defoliation on sunflower seed yield, oil content, and fatty acid composition. The research was carried out at Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, during 2002 and 2003. Six defoliation levels [0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 leaves per plant] were applied at the preflowering stage from bottom to top leaves. The results demonstrate a close relationship between yield reduction and the defoliation levels. The higher the defoliation level, the higher the yield reduction. Complete and partial leaf removal treatments reduced oil percentage of seed when compared with the undefoliated check. However, oleic acid and linoleic acid levels in seed were not significantly affected by defoliation treatments.
Local Surface Modifications Investigated by Combining Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy and Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is coupled with surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) microscopy to characterize local surface modifications. SECM is utilized for the surface patterning of para ‐nitrothiophenol self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) in the direct mode of SECM with a subsequent readout of the chemical patterns by means of combined SECM‐SERS. The SECM‐SERS combination allows monitoring of local electrochemical processes and provides simultaneous complementary spectroscopic information. The reaction products upon SAM reduction, specifically p ‐aminothiophenol groups, are distinguished from the pristine SAM and locally ruptured areas.
Speech Gender Classification Using Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Gender classification based on voice is crucial for speech recognition, which can be applied to various applications. It is generally developed using conventional machine learning and deep learning approaches. In this research, a gender classification model based on speech is developed using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM). The Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) is exploited to extract the features to train the BLSTM. Evaluation using a low dataset of 1,000 utterances, 500 males and 500 females, for five runs shows that the model is accurately capable of classifying the gender of the speakers. With a train-test split portion of 80:20, the model obtains an average accuracy of 86.7%, where the highest and the lowest accuracy are 90.5% and 81.0%, respectively. Reducing the portion decreases its performance. It is still stable for the 50:50 train-test split.
Anastrazole: Preventing Breast Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Patented in 1984 and approved for medical use in 1995, Anastrozole has become one of the most prescribed drugs for postmenopausal women to prevent the development of breast cancer. It works by lowering the oestrogen levels of postmenopausal women and slows or reverses the growth of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Anastrozole is often given to patients whose cancer has progressed even after taking the drug Tamoxifen, which also works by lowering oestrogen levels. There are many side effects that come with Anastrozole, so precaution must be taken when prescribing the drug because the side effects will vary depending on how it interacts and metabolises within the patient’s body. Research is being conducted to test if the effectiveness of Anastrozole can be increased if taken with other drugs, such as palbociclib; however, the economic costs on health institutions around the world must be considered. It may also be possible for Anastrozole to be genotyped for a specific individual to maximise its effect and reduce the risk of developing the side effects.
Retinal Cell Damage in Diabetic Retinopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common microvascular complication that occurs in diabetes mellitus (DM), is the leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is approximately 30% of the diabetic population and untreated DR can eventually cause blindness. For decades, diabetic retinopathy was considered a microvascular complication and clinically staged by its vascular manifestations. In recent years, emerging evidence has shown that diabetic retinopathy causes early neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration that may precede vascular pathology and affect retinal neurons as well as glial cells. This knowledge leads to new therapeutic strategies aiming to prevent dysfunction of retinal neurons at the early stage of DR. Early detection and timely treatment to protect retinal neurons are critical to preventing visual loss in DR. This review provides an overview of DR and the structural and functional changes associated with DR, and discusses neuronal degeneration during diabetic retinopathy, the mechanisms underlying retinal neurodegeneration and microvascular complications, and perspectives on current and future clinic therapies.