jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nonprofessional Healthcare Staff Perceptions Regarding Inmate Self-Injury in Georgia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Self-injury in correctional facilities is an increasing problem. Healthcare staff are tasked with responding to and treating self-injurious inmates. Research concerning the perceptions of prison self-injury depended on the experiences of professional healthcare staff and showed that specialized training reduced anxiety and altered perceptions. The perceptions of nonprofessional healthcare staff regarding inmate self-injury have not been studied. The purpose of this research was to understand the perceptions of inmate self-injury maintained by untrained healthcare staff through evaluation of their expressed experiences with self-injuring inmates. The research was based on the humanistic nursing theory. A phenomenological approach guided interviews of 8 healthcare staff having direct contact with inmates who self-injure. Participants had a past or present employment status with a State of Georgia Department of Corrections North Region correctional facility. Data were reviewed and coded to best reflect what it means to be a nonprofessionally trained healthcare member responding to inmate self-injury. Nonprofessional healthcare staff perceived that various experiences affected their level of ease and certainty, they operated as preservers of life and active listeners, felt that other healthcare staff held negative opinions, and were very helpful and supporting. Staff perceived that challenges prevented their success in managing self-injury. Last, nonprofessional staff perceived themselves as very helpful and therapeutic. This study promotes social change by encouraging staff to share knowledge, experience, and practical help with each other while building cohesive and collaborative relationships.
The Cladocera and Copepoda (Crustacea) of the Tarns of the English Lake District

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Previous work on the tarns of this district has been limited both in extent and time. Beck (1883), Brady (1868), Gurney (1923) and Scourfield (unpublished data) give the names of only eighteen tarns and most of these were visited at only one season, July to September. When an algal and chemical survey of the tarns was started by this Association in 1953, the opportunity was therefore taken to make a comprehensive survey of the Cladocera and Copepoda as well. Between 1953 and 1956, 144 tarns were visited and their names are listed alphabetically in the appendix, together with national grid references, surface areas, heights above sea-level, depths and months of collecting. The topography of the district is well known and fully described elsewhere, so here only the salient features are briefly described. The district has the general shape of a wheel 48 km in diameter, with a central hub of hard non-calcareous rock rising to eight summits over 900 m and about fifty over 600 m, from which spurs separated by glaciated valleys, in many of which are lakes, radiate out to a low-lying periphery of carboniferous limestone. The most satisfactory definition of the Lake District for the ecologist is probably that of Marr (1916) whose geological boundary separates reasonably clearly the hard lime-deficient rocks of the district from the encircling limestone area, except in the south where there are some irregular outcrops. In the popular view, a tarn is a body of water intermediate in size between a lake and a pool. Macan (1950) found a useful distinction between tarns and lakes to be the common species of emergent plant which was Phragmites communis Frin. in lakes but Carex rostrata Stokes in tarns, and between tarns and pools to be the presence or absence of a perennial outflow, which is present in tarns but not in pools. According to these criteria, most of the waters visited in this survey are tarns but a few such as Loughrigg Tarn and Little Langdale Tarn are lakes. The surface area of 800% of the waters lies between 5000 and 50 000 m2 and only four exceed 200 000 M2. As a preliminary step in grouping, the tarns were arranged according to altitude and total ionic concentration expressed in milli-equivalents per litre. Three more or less distinct groups are then apparent: (1) the high tarns, those over 275 m and low in total ions (< 0 8 m-equiv./l.), (2) the tarns of the spurs and valleys within Marr's geological boundary, those below 275 m and low in total ions (
An assessment of the relationship among nutrition knowledge, attitudes and dietary practices of competitive swimmers in Winnipeg

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In October, 1976, a study was conducted to assess the relationships among nutrition knowledge, attitudes and practices of 101 top level competitive swimmers in Winnipeg. Research instruments included a three-day food record and a group-administered questionnaire. Twenty-two multiple choice questions were used to assess nutrition knowledge and determine a fad score for each respondent. To assess nutrition attitudes, responses to twenty-one statements were arranged on a five point continumn ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree." Two different measures were used to evaluate dietary practices. An indication of dietary habits during training and before a competition was obtained by responses to six open-ended questions on the questionnaire. A more detailed assessment of dietary practices was obtained from a three-day food record kept by each respondent. Most of the data were statistically analyzed by computer, all tests being conducted at the 5 percent level of significance. Responses to the questions on dietary practices during training and before a competition were tabulated by the author. In general, respondents had a low level of nutrition knowledge; however, certain fad beliefs, considered common to athletes, were not prevalent. Some poor nutrition attitudes were evident. Dietary practices were modified more in preparation for an event than during training. Dietary practices assessed by three-day food records showed generally high intakes of energy and most nutrients. Little relationship was observed between nutrition knowledge and dietary practices. Some significant relationships were observed between nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitudes. The greatest number of significant relationships were observed between nutrition attitudes and dietary practices. Neither age nor sex were significantly related to measures of knowledge, attitudes or practices.
Circadian Rhythms of Spectral Components of Heart Rate Variability

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Circadian rhythms of heart rate variability have been widely studied in recent years. However, most previous reports described such rhythms in terms of normalized units of the low- and high-frequency (LF and HF) spectral components. In this study, we analyzed circadian rhythms of spectral components in absolute units and found unexpected results in normal subjects as well as coronary heart disease (CHD) and congestive heart failure (CHF) patient groups. The results indicate that the notion of sympathovagal balance needs to be re-evaluated.
The Role of Stimuli Perceptibility in Learning and Generalization of Phonological Patterns

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Phonological patterns tend to be restrictive, often only applying to a subset of sounds in the language (e.g., height harmony applying only to front vowels). When given a limited input, what factors do learners use to determine if a novel sound participates in a phonological process? In two artificial language learning experiments, adult participants were exposed to a metathesis pattern where two stop consonants (from a six-consonant inventory) switched places with the fricative /f/ (e.g., /ep/ + /fu/ [efpu]), and were then tested on all six consonants. Participants who were only exposed to voiced or voiceless segments showed robust generalization, but participants exposed to only velar or only labial segments showed weaker generalization. In Experiment 2, a perception task revealed a significant correlation between perceptibility of the exposure items and generalization to novel consonants. These results support theories of phonology that are informed by phonetic properties of speech sounds.
Sighting the Obrechtian Motet

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Obrecht’s motets show an extraordinary diversity of style and approach. Yet despite their great range of invention and elaboration, and the impact Obrecht’s music clearly made on his contemporaries, their survival and transmission has been (to say the least) a little precarious. Subtracting the hugely important contributions of Petrucci and the Segovia manuscript from the inventory makes this point very clearly. The motets as a group are rich in Obrechtian musical thought, and show an even greater stylistic range than the masses. This is in part for reasons of genre, context, and function, naturally enough, and of indebtedness to different motet types and traditions, but is also intensified through Obrecht’s pronounced tendency to interrogate his own creative practice, and to set and solve compositional problems in ever-new ways. His creative solutions are invariably the result of a thoughtfully developed compositional approach, both in fulfilment of the motets’ cultural tasks and in their technical structure and style. Obrecht shows a consistency of contrapuntal method, while ensuring that his finished pieces present a distinctive and effective sound-world, well grounded in imaginative vocal textures of real flair and distinction. This article looks at patterns of transmission, at the presence of incomplete works and what they can tell us, at the ‘German dimension’ of Obrecht, and at compositional questions which seem to characterize his approach, including his liking for musical processes that embody both the intellectual and the sonic dimension of polyphonic form, and that are able to unfold—metrically, proportionally, contrapuntally—on the largest scale.
Physical complexes formed by CYP1A2 and CYP2B4 are associated with altered P450 activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It has been demonstrated that the presence of one P450 can affect the activity of another. Previous studies have shown, for example, that when CYP1A2, CYP2B4, and stoichiometrically‐limiting concentrations of NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) were incorporated into phospholipid vesicles, CYP1A2 activity was higher and CYP2B4 activity was lower than observed in single‐P450 systems. These data are inconsistent with a model of simple competition among P450s for CPR binding but could be caused by physical interactions among the pair of P450s. The goal of this work was to determine how physical interactions between CYP1A2 and CYP2B4 might play a role in modulating the P450‐CPR interaction and P450 activity. Various pairs of P450 and CPR constructs were tagged with one each of GFP and Renilla luciferase and transfected into HEK293T cells. Complexes between these proteins were detected by measuring energy transfer between the tags. A complex between CYP1A2 and CYP2B4 was detected both in the presence and absence of cotransfected, untagged CPR. Interactions of both P450s with CPR were detected, and untagged CYP1A2 was shown to disrupt the CPR‐CYP2B4 interaction while untagged CYP2B4 had no effect on the CPR‐CYP1A2 interaction. These data are consistent with a model in which CPR preferentially binds to the CYP1A2 moiety of a CYP1A2‐CYP2B4 complex. Previous work has also shown—using BRET, crosslinking, and kinetic measurements—that CYP1A2 forms homomeric complexes associated with inhibition of CYP1A2 activity at subsaturating CPR. Here it is shown using BRET that these complexes were disrupted by the presence of either CPR or CYP2B4. The activity of GFP‐tagged CYP1A2 and CYP2B4 co‐expressed in HEK293T cells was measured and shown to be consistent with data from the prior experiments on purified proteins. These findings explain the observed effects of CYP1A2 and CYP2B4 on each other's activity. Support or Funding Information NIH ES004344 NIH ES013648 Louisiana Board of Regents
Pregnancy Occurring in Cretinism and in Juvenile and Adult Myxedema

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THE IDEA prevails that pregnancy does not occur in women with cretinism or myxedema before thyroid therapy. The reports in the literature, on the other hand, agree that pregnancy can occur but that it is extremely rare. Rolleston (1) was not certain that cretins could become pregnant until after thyroid medication and thought that pregnancy in myxedema without treatment was rare. Goldzieher (2) said that myxedematous women can become pregnant, but that it is exceptional. Herrgott (3) was of the opinion that pregnancy occurred only in the attenuated forms of myxedema. We have been able to find in the literature reports of only 7 cases of adult myxedema and 3 cases of cretinism or juvenile myxedema in which pregnancy occurred before thyroid medication. During the past 12 years we have observed 3 cases of adult myxedema, 2 of juvenile myxedema and 1 of cretinism in which pregnancy occurred after the onset of the disease and before thyroid therapy.
Potted, Blooming Dendrobium Orchids

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cultivation of potted, blooming dendrobium orchids (Dendrobium Swartz.) is a rapidly growing, multimillion dollar activity in the United States.The University of Hawaii has assisted this industry in Hawaii with research on culture and management, and the introduction of a variety of cultivars.Environmental conditions favored by dendrobium cultivars to be used for pot plants include bright sunlight, warm temperatures, good air movement, and clean water.Plants grow and flower best when night temperatures do not drop below 18 °C (64 °F) and day temperatures are between 24 and 30 °C (75 and 86 °F).In
A Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Hemagglutinin of H3N2 Subtype Influenza A Viruses Is Associated with Resistance to the Long Pentraxin PTX3 and Enhanced Virulence in Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The long pentraxin, pentraxin 3 (PTX3), can play beneficial or detrimental roles during infection and disease by modulating various aspects of the immune system. There is growing evidence to suggest that PTX3 can mediate antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo. Previous studies demonstrated that PTX3 and the short pentraxin serum amyloid P express sialic acids that are recognized by the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of certain influenza A viruses (IAV), resulting in virus neutralization and anti-IAV activity. In this study, we demonstrate that specificity of both HA and the viral neuraminidase for particular sialic acid linkages determines the susceptibility of H1N1, H3N2, and H7N9 strains to the antiviral activities of PTX3 and serum amyloid P. Selection of H3N2 virus mutants resistant to PTX3 allowed for identification of amino acid residues in the vicinity of the receptor-binding pocket of HA that are critical determinants of sensitivity to PTX3; this was supported by sequence analysis of a range of H3N2 strains that were sensitive or resistant to PTX3. In a mouse model of infection, the enhanced virulence of PTX3-resistant mutants was associated with increased virus replication and elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the airways, leading to pulmonary inflammation and lung injury. Together, these studies identify determinants in the viral HA that can be associated with sensitivity to the antiviral activities of PTX3 and highlight its importance in the control of IAV infection.
Effect of Particle Hardness on the Penetration Behavior of Fabrics Intercalated with Dry Particles and Concentrated Particle−Fluid Suspensions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The penetration behavior of Kevlar fabric intercalated with dry particles and shear thickening fluids (STF), highly concentrated fluid-particle suspensions, is presented. In particular, the role of particle hardness is explored by comparing fabric treatments containing SiO(2) particles, which are significantly harder than Kevlar, to treatments containing softer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles. The fabric testing includes yarn pull-out, quasi-static spike puncture, and ballistic penetration resistance, performed on single fabric layers. It was found that both dry particle and STF treatments resulted in improvements in fabric properties relative to neat or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) treated fabrics. On comparison of treatments with different particle hardness, the SiO(2) materials performed better in all tests than comparable PMMA materials, although the SiO(2) treatments caused yarn failure in pull-out testing, reducing the total pull-out energy. In addition, resistance to yarn pull-out was found to be substantially higher for STF-treated fabrics than for dry particle treated fabrics. However, both dry particle addition and STF treatments exhibited comparable enhancements in puncture and ballistic resistance. These observations suggest that viscous stress transfer, friction, and physical entrainment of hard particles into filaments contribute to the demonstrated improvements in the properties of protective fabrics treated with shear thickening fluids.
MOD silver metallization for photovoltaics. Quarterly technical report, September 1-November 30, 1984

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Major areas of the metallization process were examined in order to determine whether or not a major ink chemistry change could be avoided by making relatively minor changes in the processing in order to give consistent excellent initial adhesion and long-term adhesion. All results suggested that the adhesion strength is very sensitive to the ink and its processing. It was also learned that the difference in surface roughness between alkali and acid etched solar cells does not have a significant effect on resulting film adhesion. In order to overcome the effects on adhesion of minor variations in the metallization process, a permanent binding agent in the form of a MOD compound was sought. Bismuth 2-ethylhexanoate proved to be suitable MOD compound which would impart consistent initial as well as long-term adhesion by decomposing to bismuth oxide in the fired films. The presence of bismuth oxide has significant detrimental effects on film sheet resistance such that multi-layer films will be more necessary than before. Finally, the processing of multi-layer films has presented some problems with film stability as multi-layer fired films have shown considerable cracking which destroys adhesion.
Forces Transmitted Along Human Flexor Tendons During Passive and Active Movements of the Fingers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The in vivo forces in human digital flexor tendons were determined in 33 patients undergoing a carpal tunnel decompression surgery using a newly developed device. The tendons were tested in passive and active flexion, and flexing against resistance of up to 500 g. Forces in the range of 0.2 to 50 N were noted. Whilst the mean of these forces remained below the force normally required to dehisce a fresh modified Kessler repair, the range of values was such that we would only recommend early movement with great caution and under supervision.
A Novel Example of Chiral Counteranion\nInduced Enantioselective Metal\nCatalysis:  The Importance of\nIon-Pairing in Copper-Catalyzed Olefin\nAziridination and Cyclopropanation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new ion-pairing route to achieve asymmetric catalysis has been observed in the copper-catalyzed aziridination of styrene with a chiral\ncounteranion. Structural studies suggest that enantioinduction occurs via ion-pairing of the cationic copper catalyst in the chiral pocket\ncreated by the anion. The degree of asymmetric induction can be tuned with features that affect ion-pairing, such as achiral and chiral ligands,\ntemperature, and solvent polarity.
MENTAL HEALTH — ON TV AND IN HE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Having recently returned to work after several weeks off work because of anxiety and clinical depression, it seems appropriate to write about a 'trending' topic: mental health, mental illness, its representations in popular media, and how all of these affect staff and students in universities. I am referring here to my own experience working in a UK institution of HE but I'm sure some aspects of the situation apply elsewhere.
Mechatronic system for rehabilitation of patients after a stroke

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The people that need rehabilitation have grown and have overwhelmed therapists therefore new technological advances are required to provide service to a larger population, also the cost is a factor to consider. Particularly, the people who has suffered and survive a stroke (cerebral sudden malfunction) usually need therapy to recover lost functions, such as neuromuscular coordination. In this work, we propose a mechatronic system to help patients to recover hand-eye coordination which requires movement of the whole arm. The preliminary results show that the system is ready to be validated with real patients, that is reliable and that can be replicated as needed.
[An interesting change of E-selectin in cimetidine administration during anticancer drug use].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

E-selectin is an adhesion molecule developed as an important material for hematogenous metastasis of cancer cells on vascular endothelial cells. It is expected that if we can restrain a manifestation of E-selectin then hematogenous metastasis can be restrained. We divided gastric cancer and the colorectal cancer patients, who performed chemotherapy, into two groups of cimetidine administrated group and a non-administration group, and reviewed whether cimetidine inhibited an expression of E-selectin on vascular endothelial cells by measuring E-selectin in plasma. We experienced one example that showed an interesting change of E-selectin and the quantity of E-selectin in plasma fell during the cimetidine dosage. However, we report that E-selectin has risen after the cimetidine dosage was cancelled in the cimetidine administrated group.
Advancing diagnosis and treatment of Niemann-Pick C disease through biomarker discovery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Niemann-Pick C disease is a rare neurodegenerative, lysosomal storage disease caused by accumulation of unesterified cholesterol. Diagnosis of the disease is often delayed due to its rarity, the heterogeneous presentation, and the early non-specific symptoms. The discovery of disease-specific biomarkers—cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (C-triol), trihydroxycholanic acid glycinate (TCG) and N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholineserine [PPCS, initially referred to as lysosphingomyelin-509 (lysoSM-509)]—has led to development of non-invasive, blood-based diagnostics. Dissemination of these rapid, sensitive, and specific clinical assays has accelerated diagnosis. Moreover, the superior receiver operating characteristic of the TCG bile acid biomarker and its detection in dried blood spots has also facilitated development of a newborn screen for NPC, which is currently being piloted in New York state. The C-triol, TCG and PPCS biomarkers have also been proved useful for monitoring treatment response in peripheral tissues, but are uninformative with respect to treatment efficacy in the central nervous system (CNS). A major gap for the field is the lack of a validated, non-invasive biomarker to monitor the course of disease and CNS response to therapy.