jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tatar Virtual Institute of Kayum Nasyri

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the study of structure and activity of the network of centers of Tatar virtual Institute of Kayum Nasyri, created on the basis of Institute of Philology and Intercultural Communication after Leo Tolstoy of Kazan Federal University. The aim of the Institute of Kayum Nasyri is the desire to become a world brand in its field. In this context, the Institute relies on the experience of such world-known educational centers as the British Council, the Institute named after Goethe, Cervantes Institute, Confucius Institute and Institute by Yunus Emre. The Institute's activities are associated with the development of collaboration in the field of education, support, promotion and development of the Tatar language and culture in the regions of the Russian Federation, countries of near and far abroad. There are 7 educational-cultural centers in the Institute at this moment. Each center is supplied with educational, informative literature and fiction, as well as the video-conferencing system for training, conferences and events online. The Institute of Kayum Nasyri is named after the famous Tatar educator. As a fervent supporter of friendship between Russian and Tatar people, he was the first of the educators to acquaintance the Tatars with the Russian history and culture in their native language, translated into the Tatar language many textbooks on geography, physics, mathematics, etc. Kayum Nasyri at the time, made the Russian-Tatar dictionary, was the author of a textbook of Russian grammar for the Tatars, as well as of the significant works in the field of the Tatar linguistics.
Technical–tactical analysis of small combat games in male kickboxers: effects of varied number of opponents and area size

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To handle the competition demands, sparring drills are used for specific technical-tactical training as well as physical-physiological conditioning in combat sports. While the effects of different area sizes and number of within-round sparring partners on physiological and perceptive responses in combats sports were examined in previous studies, technical and tactical aspects were not investigated. This study investigated the effect of different within-round sparring partners number (i.e., at a time; 1 vs. 1, 1 vs. 2, and 1 vs. 4) and area sizes (2 m × 2 m, 4 m × 4 m, and 6 m × 6 m) variation on the technical-tactical aspects of small combat games in kickboxing.Twenty male kickboxers (mean ± standard deviation, age: 20.3 ± 0.9 years), regularly competing in regional and national events randomly performed nine different kickboxing combats, lasting 2 min each. All combats were video recorded and analyzed using the software Dartfish.Results showed that the total number of punches was significantly higher in 1 versus 4 compared with 1 versus 1 (p = 0.011, d = 0.83). Further, the total number of kicks was significantly higher in 1 versus 4 compared with 1 versus 1 and 1 versus 2 (p < 0.001; d = 0.99 and d = 0.83, respectively). Moreover, the total number of kick combinations was significantly higher in 1 versus 4 compared with 1 versus 1 and 1 versus 2 (p < 0.001; d = 1.05 and d = 0.95, respectively). The same outcome was significantly lower in 2 m × 2 m compared with 4 m × 4 m and 6 m × 6 m areas (p = 0.010 and d = - 0.45; p < 0.001 and d = - 0.6, respectively). The number of block-and-parry was significantly higher in 1 versus 4 compared with 1 versus 1 (p < 0.001, d = 1.45) and 1 versus 2 (p = 0.046, d = 0.61) and in 2 m × 2 m compared with 4 m × 4 m and 6 × 6 m areas (p < 0.001; d = 0.47 and d = 0.66, respectively). Backwards lean actions occurred more often in 2 m × 2 m compared with 4 m × 4 m (p = 0.009, d = 0.53) and 6 m × 6 m (p = 0.003, d = 0.60). However, the number of foot defenses was significantly lower in 2 m × 2 m compared with 6 m × 6 m (p < 0.001, d = 1.04) and 4 m × 4 m (p = 0.004, d = 0.63). Additionally, the number of clinches was significantly higher in 1 versus 1 compared with 1 versus 2 (p = 0.002, d = 0.7) and 1 versus 4 (p = 0.034, d = 0.45).This study provides practical insights into how to manipulate within-round sparring partners' number and/or area size to train specific kickboxing technical-tactical fundamentals.This study does not report results related to health care interventions using human participants and therefore it was not prospectively registered.
Harriet Tubman's Deep Voice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The authors suggest that national investment in the educational utility of automated software comes at an enormous cost, a price paid by the very students that technology aims to convert to history as a lively and accessible field. This “high-tech mimicry” pretends to incarnate the past but instead silences the inflections of time, gender, region, race, or other vocalic variables. Further, the perception that technology is objective or unbiased conceals the vulnerabilities of language models. The authors argue that the illusions of authenticity these bots produce does not bode well for teaching African American history.
Experimental Demonstration of Vehicle to Road Side Infrastructure Visible Light Communications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The increasing use of light emitting diodes in traffic lights offer excellent opportunities for implementation of visible light communications (VLC) based wireless technology as part of intelligent transport systems in smart environments. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communications based on the VLC technology using a real traffic light and a camera over a link span of up to 80 m. We show a reduction in the modulation depth of the signal from 1000% to 50% in order to track the light source when sending `0' symbols. Also presented is the effect of operating the camera in the focused and defocused modes. The results show transmission success rates of 100% and 90% over link spans of 70 m and 80 m, respectively under specific test conditions.
Multi-dimensional study on the treatment of nonspecific neck pain with ultrasound-guided trigger point injection at the myofascial trigger point of upper trapezius muscles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Nonspecific neck pain (NNP) is a common type of neck pain that causes serious health problems and is closely related to myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). Here, we compare the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided trigger point injection therapy (TPI) and conventional physical therapy treatment in patients with NNP in multiple dimensions. Methods: Thirty-eight patients with NNP were randomly assigned to the control group and ultrasound-guided TPI group, a single dose of 3 ml of 0.5% lidocaine was injected into each trigger points in all affected muscles under ultrasound guidance once a week for three weeks. The controls received conventional physical therapy treatment every other day for a total of three weeks. The visual analog scale (VAS) score, neck disability index (NDI), surface electromyography (sEMG), sonoelastography and infrared thermography characteristics were used to measured the effectiveness one week and four weeks after the whole treatment. Results: Compared with the control group, the TPI group showed improved pain and functional disability both at one-week and four-week assessment(P<0.01); and the TPI group showed improved electrical activity (P<0.05), elastic stiffness and skin temperature at the four-week assessment(P<0.01). Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided TPI on upper trapezius muscle can alleviate the pain, improves dysfunction for NNP than conventional physical therapy, and the multiple evaluation methods in treatment is more conducive to explore the underlying mechanism of NNP. Trial registration: The present study has been retrospectively registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry website (ChiCTR2100051009), Registered 10 September 2021.
Togo 1988: Results from the Demographic and Health Survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In 1988, the Demographic Research Unit interviewed at least 3360 women in Togo. Total fertility remained 6.1 since 1960. Rural women had a mean of 6.9 children compared to 4.8 for urban women. Fertility was lowest for women with the most education (4.4 vs. 6.7 for those with no education). Age specific fertility decreased over time. For example, in 25-29 year olds it fell from 338 (1968) to 277 (1988). The youngest women wanted the least number of children (4.7 vs. 5.7 for the 35-44 year olds). Those women with the least number of children wanted the least number of children (4.5 for those with 0 children compared to 5.9 for those with 6 or more children). 24.8% did not want any more children. 65.2% of those with 6 or more children did want any more children. 32.9% of the women wanted a child later before becoming pregnant with their last child. 33.9% of the women used a contraceptive, but only 3.1% used a modern contraceptive. Use increased with education. Government health facilities and pharmacies distributed most contraceptives. Prolonged abstinence (59%; current users 21.8%)) was the leading form of contraception followed by periodic abstinence (20.2%; 6.4% current users). 1% were currently using a modern method. Contraceptive prevalence ranged from 16.7% for 15-19 year olds to 39% for 30-34 year olds. It increased with the number of children. 37.5% of women not using a contraceptive and in a union intended to use a contraceptive in the future. The leading reasons for not using a contraceptive included wanted a child (35.4%) and no information (21.7%). Noneducated women married earlier (17.3 years) than the most educated women (22.3 years). The mean length of breast feeding was 22.6 months. Infant mortality fell from 193-81 from 1960-1987. Midwives and matrons helped with most births. 29.4% of the children had diarrhea within 2 weeks before the survey. 93.3% of the children had at least 1 vaccination.
Asymptotically Nuisance-Parameter-Free Consistent Tests of -Functional Form

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We develop a consistent conditional moment test of-best predictor functional form,1· 2. Our main result is a reduction of the nuisance parameter space to the set of integers which greatly simpli…es asymptotic theory, and allows for removal of the nuisance parameter in a mechanical fashion. Our results provide a fresh vantage into why Bierens’ (1990) moment condition works, and uncovers a new class of weights which sharply contrasts with Stinchcombe and White’s (1997) weight classi…cation (real analytic and non-polynomial). The computation of a weighted-Average CM statistic is easy and asymptotically nuisance parameter free because it incorporates all possible nuisance parameter values. Our test serves as a consistent model check in-regression environments. Finally, we provide a simple nuisance parameter free series expansion of the best-predictor.
Unpacking Oral Challenge Protocols: A Descriptive Epidemiologic Study of Reactions, Predictors, and Practices for Delabeling Low-Risk Penicillin Allergies Leveraging Data from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Oral challenges with amoxicillin or other penicillins are safe and effective for delabeling low-risk penicillin allergy histories. While approximately 90% of reported penicillin allergies can be safely delabeled, detailed data on reaction frequency, types, and timing during and after delabeling interventions remain limited. Such data are crucial to optimizing protocols and integrating oral challenges into routine practice. This study aims to characterize the interventions commonly used for oral challenge, classify reported reactions, and identify reported predictors of hypersensitivity reactions in randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies involving an oral challenge for patients with low-risk penicillin allergies. Methods: This study leverages data from a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness of oral challenge interventions in patients with low-risk penicillin allergies. This descriptive analysis summarizes the adverse reactions experienced among patients in published studies who received oral challenge. Participant demographics, intervention protocols, frequency, type, and timing of post-challenge adverse reactions are reported. Reactions are categorized as immediate, delayed, or other, with frequencies summarized using descriptive statistics. A random effects meta-analysis quantifies a pooled adverse reaction rate. Predictors of hypersensitivity reactions were synthesized narratively. Results: Across 26 studies (2 randomized trials, 24 quasi-experimental studies) evaluating an oral challenge for patients with a low-risk penicillin allergy, the average participant age was 56 years, with a predominance of females (61%) and limited ethnic diversity with 88% reported or identifying as White. Amoxicillin was the most frequenty used oral challenge agent, typically administered as a single 250 mg oral dose. The incidence of reaction or non-delabeling was 4% (95% Confidence Interval 3%, 6%), I 2 = 43%, P = .0001. Cutaneous manifestations, such as rashes, were the most frequent reactions. Delayed reactions, primarily mild maculopapular rashes, were uncommon and managed with antihistamines or topical steroids. Risk factors for oral challenge reactions included higher baseline allergy burden and shorter intervals to oral challenge since the index reaction. Conclusion: Oral challenge strategies to delabel low-risk penicillin allergies can involve single doses of amoxicillin or other penicillins with monitoring protocols that can be managed in ambulatory settings. However, although these delabeling strategies are becoming more prevalent, continued study of standardized protocols and follow-up are essential for effective and replicable delabeling strategies. Future research should prioritize diverse populations and equity-driven frameworks to improve generalizability to all individuals and to resource limited settings.
Using Web Services to Support Battlefield Visualization and Tactical Decision Making

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study presents a cost effective software development method for network-centric warfare. Web services were employed to communicate two tiers of a system. First tier is the main application where the battlefield is visualized. Second tier is a report tool which remote observers use to send report on military units. Reports from the observers in the field are passed to the main application and the units existing on the main application are passed to the report tool via the Web service implemented. Received reports were reflected on the simulation software in an animated form. Resultant system achieved a powerful view of the battlefield with animation capabilities of the software, hence will provide the commanders with realistic and accurate field intelligence; hence is expected to improve the decision making process in conflict situations.
Docetaxel enhances the therapeutic effect of the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 (AGM-1470) in metastatic human transitional cell carcinoma.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We demonstrated recently that chronic frequent administration of an adequate biological dose of the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 (AGM-1470, O-chloracetyl-carbamoyl fumagillol) completely inhibits spontaneous lymph node metastasis but does not have a complete response on tumor growth of nonestablished or established human metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) 253J B-V growing orthotopically into athymic nude mice. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated whether docetaxel (Taxotere) enhances the therapeutic effect of TNP-470, especially on tumor growth. Docetaxel enhanced in vitro antiproliferation but not basic fibroblast growth factor down-regulation by TNP-470 in 253J B-V and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Docetaxel significantly enhanced in vitro apoptosis by TNP-470 in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells but not in 253J B-V. In vivo combination was most effective when docetaxel was administered before TNP-470, and increased significantly the complete response on tumor growth of nonestablished and established TCCs growing orthotopically into athymic nude mice compared with either therapy alone (P < 0.05). The incidence of spontaneous lymph node metastasis was inhibited completely by the combination therapy (P < 0.05). Drug-induced body weight loss was not significantly different in any treatment groups. The combination of TNP-470 and docetaxel inhibited intratumor neovascularization, the expression of bFGF and matrix metalloproteinases type-9 compared with controls (P < 0.005), and enhanced apoptosis in tumors compared with each therapy alone (P < 0.005). These studies indicate that docetaxel markedly enhances the ability of TNP-470 to inhibit tumorigenicity and metastasis in both nonestablished and established TCCs. These effects are mediated, in part, by the complementary cytotoxicities of angiogenesis inhibition, down-regulation of bFGF and matrix metalloproteinases type-9, and induction of apoptosis.
Contextual Combinatorial Bandits with Changing Action Sets via Gaussian Processes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We consider a contextual bandit problem with a combinatorial action set and time-varying base arm availability. At the beginning of each round, the agent observes the set of available base arms and their contexts and then selects an action that is a feasible subset of the set of available base arms to maximize its cumulative reward in the long run. We assume that the mean outcomes of base arms are samples from a Gaussian Process (GP) indexed by the context set ${\cal X}$, and the expected reward is Lipschitz continuous in expected base arm outcomes. For this setup, we propose an algorithm called Optimistic Combinatorial Learning and Optimization with Kernel Upper Confidence Bounds (O'CLOK-UCB) and prove that it incurs $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{λ^*(K)KTγ_{KT}(\cup_{t\leq T}\mathcal{X}_t)} )$ regret with high probability, where $γ_{KT}(\cup_{t\leq T}\mathcal{X}_t)$ is the maximum information gain associated with the sets of base arm contexts $\mathcal{X}_t$ that appeared in the first $T$ rounds, $K$ is the maximum cardinality of any feasible action over all rounds, and $λ^*(K)$ is the maximum eigenvalue of all covariance matrices of selected actions up to time $T$, which is a function of $K$. To dramatically speed up the algorithm, we also propose a variant of O'CLOK-UCB that uses sparse GPs. Finally, we experimentally show that both algorithms exploit inter-base arm outcome correlation and vastly outperform the previous state-of-the-art UCB-based algorithms in realistic setups.
Closing the Neotethys Ocean in western Anatolia: Insights from forearc and foreland sedimentary basin records

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Across the Tethyan realm, subduction zones are characterized by phases of forearc and backarc extension, and subsequent collisions are protracted and polygenetic, often resulting in significant discrepancies among proxies of collision age. The closure of the northern branch of the Neotethys Ocean along the &amp;#304;zmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture in Anatolia has been variously estimated from the Late Cretaceous to Eocene. It remains unclear whether this age range results from a protracted, multi-phase collision or disparities between proxies and geographic location. Near-continuous Jurassic through Eocene deposition in the forearc-to-foreland Central Sakarya Basin system in western Anatolia makes it an ideal location to integrate pre-collisional extension and multi-stage collision into a holistic reconstruction of subduction through collision. The Central Sakarya Basin system is located north of the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture, where the Gondwanan-derived Anatolide and Tauride terranes to the south collided with the Laurasian-derived Pontide terrane in the north. By integrating new sandstone petrography and detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf isotopes with other geologic proxies, we demonstrate four phases of evolution of subduction and collision. (1) Magmatism began on the Pontides at 110 Ma, potentially the signal of subduction (re-)initiation, and is coincident with extension in the forearc. (2) Forearc obduction began around 94 Ma with initial subduction of lower plate continental lithosphere. Extension migrated to the backarc and opened the Black Sea. (3) The onset of intercontinental collision at 76 Ma is marked by gradual arc shutdown, basement exhumation, and uplift of the suture zone. (4) This first contractional phase is followed by thick-skinned deformation and basin partitioning starting around 54 Ma, coeval with regional syn-collisional magmatism. The 20-Myr protracted collision in western Anatolia could be explained by three non-exclusive mechanisms that produced a change in plate coupling: relict basin closure, progressive underthrusting of thicker lithosphere, and slab breakoff.&lt;/p&gt;
ANGULAR CHEILITIS PATIENTS PROFILES AND DEMOGRAPHIC DATA AT FKG USU DENTAL HOSPITAL IN 2016

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Angular cheilitis (AC), an inflammation characterized by fissure lesion at corner of the mouth that extends to the skin referred to as mucocutaneous junction region. Subjective complaints from the potential patients such as pain when eating, talking, and also when cleaning oral cavity. The aim of this study was to know the profile and demographic data of angular cheilitis patients at Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi in 2016. The primary data was obtained from 159 medical records, which is the total sampling. The data collected consists of age, gender, BMI (Body Mass Index), oral hygiene, distribution of lesions and healing period. The results showed that distribution and frequency of angular cheilitis most commonly found in the age range 5-14 (88,7%), male gender (56,6%), BMI with underweight category (79,9%), oral hygiene with moderate category (58,5%), the most frequent distribution of lesions bilaterally (72,3%) and the healing time is more than 7 days (58%). It can be concluded that angular cheilitis can occur among children age group, with poor nutritional status and bad oral hygiene condition. This information is expected to be an input to the government that clinical descriptions of angular cheilitis in children, with BMI underweight, were clues to improve children’s nutritional status and it is required to make a comprehensive improvement to nutritional status and oral hygiene.
Ethical Dilemmas in Pain Management Within the Context of Addiction

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The opioid epidemic is a public health crisis. How the crisis developed, how to mitigate its effects, and how to prevent it from spreading is less transparent. The practice of pain management poses a myriad of ethical challenges. The following essay will examine ethical dilemmas that arise during the decision-making process with regards to pain management in the context of addiction after a brief history of pain management and discussion of the corresponding legal and medical regulations.