jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells associated with syphilis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Treponema pallidum ( T. pallidum ) infection evokes significant immune responses, resulting in tissue damage. The immune mechanism underlying T. pallidum infection is still unclear, although microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to influence immune cell function and, consequently, the generation of antibody responses during other microbe infections. However, these mechanisms are unknown for T. pallidum . Methods In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs in healthy individuals, untreated patients with syphilis, patients in the serofast state, and serologically cured patients. miRNAs were profiled from the peripheral blood of patients obtained at the time of serological diagnosis. Then, both the target sequence analysis of these different miRNAs and pathway analysis were performed to identify important immune and cell signaling pathways. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed for microRNA analysis. Results A total of 89 differentially regulated miRNAs were identified. Following RT-qPCR confirmation, three miRNAs (hsa-miR-195-5p, hsa-miR-223-3p, hsa-miR-589-3p) showed significant differences in the serofast and serologically cured states ( P <0.05). One miRNA (hsa-miR-195-5p) showed significant differences between untreated patients and healthy individuals. Conclusions This is the first study of miRNA expression differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in different stages of T. pallium infection. Our study suggests that the combination of three miRNAs has great potential to serve as a non-invasive biomarker of T. pallium infections, which will facilitate better diagnosis and treatment of T. pallium infections.
U.S.–European Relations in the “Greater” Middle East

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Despite the U.S. “pivot to Asia,” it will remain deeply engaged in both Europe and the Middle East. But it must begin treating the latter region as a whole, not as a series of disparate parts; revisit its policies to Israel–Palestine negotiations and Iran; and lead in creating a viable security structure for the Persian Gulf. For their part, to ensure that U.S. Asian and Middle East interests do not lead America to radically decrease its security “footprint” in Europe—especially in “managing” Russia's future, its North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) allies must accept the terms of a new “transatlantic bargain”: accepting added responsibilities in North Africa and the Middle East, at times beyond judgments of their national interests. They must also join the United States in developing a new Atlantic Compact, a new Persian Gulf security structure, and a much more cooperative relationship between NATO and the European Union.
New prevalence estimate of TT virus (TTV) infection in low- and high-risk population from São Paulo, Brazil

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prevalence of TT virus (TTV) infection was investigated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in low- (blood donors and healthy children/adolescents) and high-risk (hemophiliacs) groups from São Paulo, Brazil. Primers based on the untranslated region (UTR) of the viral genome proved to be much more ubiquitous, leading to much higher frequencies for both groups ( > or = 81%) than the earlier N22-PCR directed to the open reading frame 1 (blood donors, 5.5%, and hemophiliacs, 42.3%). The UTR-PCR also revealed an interesting profile for healthy children/adolescents: very high prevalence at the early years and significant decrease in male teenagers. The N22-PCR, in turn, demonstrated higher frequency in hemophiliacs treated with fresh blood products (58%), than in those treated with virus-inactivated clotting factors (9.4%) and blood donors (5.5%).
RETRACTED: PIMREG, a Marker of Proliferation, Facilitates Aggressive Development of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells Partly Through Regulating Cell Cycle-Related Markers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The results suggested that PIMREG facilitates the growth, invasion and migration of CAA cells partly by regulating the cell cycle relative biomarkers, revealing that PIMREG may be a crucial molecule in the progression of CAA.
RpoS is directly controlled by ATP levels

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many cells enter a state of dormancy when deprived of nutrients. For bacteria, this makes them more robust to environmental stresses. In Escherichia coli, reshaping the repertoire of proteins for stress resistance is mostly done by changing gene expression. The master regulator of this response, the sigma factor RpoS, regulates transcription of >;300 genes upon starvation. However, RpoS itself is controlled at the level of protein degradation: under exponential growth it is the most short‐lived protein in E. coli but upon carbon starvation degradation quickly ceases. The molecular steps leading from carbon starvation to a change in RpoS protein stability are not well understood. We systematically block key steps of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle and monitor the effect on RpoS degradation in vivo. Nutrient upshifts trigger RpoS degradation independently of protein synthesis by activating metabolic pathways that generate small energy molecules. Using metabolic mutants and inhibitors, we show that ATP but not GTP or NADH is necessary for RpoS degradation. In vitro reconstitution assays directly demonstrate that ClpXP fails to degrade RpoS but not other proteins at low ATP hydrolysis rates. These data suggest that cellular ATP levels directly control RpoS stability. Connecting ATP levels directly to degradation could provide a reliable and ultrafast signal for starvation.
Paraplegia by acute cervical disc protrusion after lumbar spine surgery.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Non-traumatic paraplegia caused by herniation of the cervical intervertebral disc is an uncommon postoperative complication. A patient with claudication and radiculopathy was scheduled for lumbar laminectomy due to spinal stenosis. Postoperatively, numbness below T6 was found in his both legs of the patient. MRI showed a protruded intervertebral disc between C6 and C7. Despite urgent disectomy, the patient's lower extremities remained paralyzed without significant improvement for 3 months. Loss of muscle support during general anesthesia, excessive neck extension during endotracheal intubation and positioning, as well as bucking and agitation are believed as triggering factors for the protrusion of the cervical disc. We suggest that a complete history taking and physical examination be accomplished in patients scheduled for lumbar spine surgery in order to exclude coexisting cervical spine disorders. In addition, skillful endotracheal intubation and careful neck positioning are mandatory for patients receiving surgery in the prone position.
INTERNALISASI AKHLAK NABAWIYAH MELALUI PROGRAM MADROSATUL QUR’AN DI SMP SUNAN KALIJOGO JABUNG MALANG

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Excessive use of technology has a negative impact and causes a moral crisis. Educational institutions are a forum for students in handling these cases. SMP Sunan Kalijogo 2 Jabung has a new breakthrough by holding the Madrosatul Qur'an. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of the Madrosatul Qur'an program, the supporting and inhibiting factors, the results of internalizing the Nabawiyah through the Madrosatul Qur'an. This research is a mixed methods with explaratory sequential design. The results showed; 1) The Madrosatul Qur'an at SMP Sunan Kalijogo 2 is a Qur'an reading program which is carried out every day before learning, 2) the supporting factors are trained teachers and the pesantren environment. the inhibiting factor is that students are less religious and less time allocated, 3) The results of internalizing Nabawiyah through this program Students have consistent honesty, responsibility, good reasoning, and being open to others
Tyrosine phosphorylation of CRKL in Philadelphia+ leukemia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The chimeric BCR/ABL protein is characteristic of Philadelphia (Ph)+ leukemia because it is the direct product of the Ph translocation and it has been shown to play a causal role in the genesis of leukemia. The BCR/ABL protein exhibits a deregulated tyrosine-kinase activity capable of phosphorylating different cellular substrates in vivo and in vitro. CRKL, an adaptor protein consisting of SH2 and SH3 domains in the absence of a catalytic domain, is one potential in vivo substrate of BCR/ABL. Previous experiments have shown that CRKL is phosphorylated on tyrosine in the chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell line K562 and that CRKL is a substrate for ABL and for BCR/ABL in COS-1 cells. In the current study, we show that in peripheral blood cells a direct correlation exists between the presence of BCR/ABL and the phosphorylation status of CRKL. In Ph- peripheral blood cells, CRKL is present only in the nonphosphorylated form. In contrast, all BCR/ABL+ CML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient samples examined showed clear tyrosine-phosphorylation of CRKL. This result strongly suggests that CRKL is a biologically significant substrate for BCR/ABL and is likely to play a major role in the development of Ph+ leukemia.
EXPLORING INEQUALITIES IN HEALTHY AGING: MANY APPROACHES BUT WHICH IS MOST USEFUL FOR POLICY?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Promoting healthy ageing requires an in-depth understanding of health inequalities. There are many different ways in which experiences of health and care may be inequitable, and numerous ways of studying this. In this symposium, we present findings from five disparate studies, united by an intention to shed light on unequal ageing. Our work utilises individual characteristics (frailty), aspects of care received (polypharmacy), access to services (digitalisation), different data sources (social care) and evidence synthesis methods, to characterise inequalities in later life, and inform policy. We start with a multi-method study of digitalisation in health services during the coronavirus pandemic, examining the impact of digital exclusion on inequalities in later life. Analysis of cohort data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing investigates associations between socio-economic measures and frailty free life expectancy in the over 50s. The impact of years of education on polypharmacy is explored in the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies, and the value of information on social care provision exploited in analysis of real-world data. The final presentation will cover the development of a conceptual framework to ensure inequalities are considered within evidence synthesis Discussion will draw together the commonalities and differences of these approaches, and consider which have utility for policy makers, and how methods and approaches can be combined to produce an in-depth understanding of inequalities in healthy ageing.
Investigation of a low-grade industrial waste heat recovery system

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, while the energy prices are continuously growing, the dispositions which try to increase the energy efficiency are getting more and more important in all industrial areas. This is especially true for the energy-intensive industrial processes. Because of this, the producing companies pay more attention every year on suggesting and supporting projects, which aim to decrease the energy consumption of their own factory. One way of increasing the energy efficiency is to use the waste energy of the installations to redeem other energy sources. In our research, we analyse the usefulness of a waste heat recovery system based on gas-nitriding furnaces. These furnaces are operating on an industrial company's site in Gyõr, Hungary. During the investigation, our aim is to determine the economically and technologically optimal way to use this industrial waste heat. In our dissertation, we examine the different uses of the heat from the flue gas, starting with decreasing heat demand of the heating and domestic hot water (DHW) system, then decreasing the cooling of the building with an absorption chiller and finally decreasing the electric energy usage of the factory with an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle). The data and the parameters, which are necessary to the calculations, are based on measurements on the site (temperature of the stack gas, flow volume, content, etc.) and on data, which were given by the operator and producer of the furnaces (schedule of the furnaces, technical parameters of it, etc.). The purpose of the investigation is to find, among the given constraints, the optimal way of utilizing the waste heat and to study the effects of this on the total energy-intake of the factory.
A morphosyntacic description of Northern Sotho as a basis for an automated translation from Northern Sotho into English

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This PhD thesis provides a morpho-syntactic description of Northern Sotho from a computational perspective. While a number of publications describe morphological and syntactical aspects of this language, may it be in the form of prescriptive study books (inter alia Lombard (1985); Van Wyk et al. (1992); Poulos and Louwrens (1994)) or of descriptive articles in linguistic journals or conference proceedings (inter alia Anderson and Kotz´e (2006); Kosch (2006); De Schryver and Taljard (2006)), so far no comprehensive description is available that would provide a basis for developing a rule-based parser to analyse Northern Sotho on sentence level. This study attempts to fill the gap by describing a substantial grammar fragment. Therefore, Northern Sotho morpho-syntactic phenomena are explored which results in the following descriptions: <ul> <li> language units of Northern Sotho are identified, i.e. the tokens and words that form the language. These are sorted into word class categories (parts of speech), using the descriptions of Taljard et al. (2008) as a basis; </li> <li> the formal relationships between these units, wherever possible on the level of parts of speech, are described in the form of productive morpho-syntactic phrase grammar rules. These rules are defined within the framework of generative grammar. <br></li> </ul> Additionally, an attempt is made to find generalisations on the contextual distribution of the many items contained in verbs which are polysemous in terms of their parts of speech. The grammar rules described in the preceding chapter are now explored in order to find patterns in the co-occurrence of parts of speech leading towards a future, more general linguistic modelling of Northern Sotho verbs. It is also shown how a parser could work his way step-by-step doing an analysis of a complete sentence making use of a lexicon and the rules developed here. We have also implemented some relevant phrase grammar rules as a constraint-based grammar fragment, in line with the theory of Lexical-Functional Grammar (Kaplan and Bresnan, 1982). Here, we utilized the Xerox Linguistic Environment (XLE) with the friendly permission of the Xerox Palo Alto Research Centre (PARC). Lastly, the study contains some basic definitions for a proposed machine translation (MT) into English attempting to support the development of MT-rules. An introduction to MT and a first contrastive description of phenomena of both languages is provided.
War Zones and Dystopian Imaginaries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The media today is full of violence and death, in films, world news, and in comic books. Not many citizens want their countries to go to war, but leaders and politicians spend vast amounts of money to increase the militarization of their country. The argument being to “prevent war”. The separation of women and children from the men in their families. Deaths and destruction. How can we understand “the reality surrounding us, the way we interact with it, and transform it.” This paper will discuss the relationship between women and war, based on various utopian and dystopian fictions, from Ruskin to today.
Design and test of a new marine energy harvesting device

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) is a natural phenomenon that exists in many engineering situations with negative impact. In recent years, many studies have tried to utilize the catastrophic power into useful energy. The main objective of the project aims to design and develop a prototype that taps on hydro energy with VIVs. The report covers the design of a prototype, a parametric study, and evaluation on the experimental result. Furthermore, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed to assist in the parametric study. The parametric studies cover amplitude ratio, velocity ratio, frequency ratio, and mass ratio. The amplitude ratio relative to velocity ratio locates velocity range where the best result of vibration can be obtained. The cut-in speed of the current prototype is 0.271m/s, whereas the maximum amplitude obtained is 63.78mm and above. The frequency ratio relative to velocity ratio provides useful insight on the synchronization of VIV. The current study shows an increasing trend of the frequency ratio across the velocity ratio. The relationship between amplitude ratio and mass ratio helps to determine the optimum structural mass in VIVs. The experimental result shows the amplitude ratio increases significantly as the mass ratio reduces across the velocity ratio. Lastly, the design of a power generator, which serves to convert mechanical motion into electrical energy, is discussed in the report for the further development.
The effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. on sperm parameters, oxidative injury and apoptotic changes in oxymetholone‐induced testicular toxicity in mouse

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) such as oxymetholone (OM) used for athletic enhancement, but increased free radicals damage and changes in hormonal levels, lead to serious and irreversible organ damage. Vaccinium arctostaphylos(V. arctostaphylos( has been demonstrated to have antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. The aim of present study was to investigate V. arctostaphylos effect on OM-induced oxidative injury in mouse testis and sperm parameters. In this experimental study, 30 BALB/c mice were divided into five groups, including healthy, positive control(5 mg/kg OM) and three treatment groups (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of V. arctostaphylos extract + 5 mg/kg OM). At the end of the study, serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels were measured. Testis stereological and sperm parameters were calculated. Antioxidant status was measured using nitric oxide (NO) and FRAP assay, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, the expression of p53, caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 was measured. V. arctostaphylos decreased the serum level of testosterone, increased the LH and FSH, and improved the stereological and sperm parameters and down-regulated the p53, caspase-3 and Bax and up-regulated Bcl-2 genes. Furthermore, this dose decreased serum levels of NO and increased testis FRAP and MDA levels in treated groups compared with OM group. V. arctostaphylos extract has protective effects against testicular toxicity caused by OM.
On the Conformational Isomers in Tetra-O-alkylcalix[4]arenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract p-t-Butylcalix[4]arene (14H) was alkylated with RX (R = Me, Et, Pr, and Bu) and the products (14R) were analyzed by HPLC and 1H NMR. It was found that (i) ring inversion arising from the oxygen-through-the-annulus rotation can be inhibited by R greater than Et, (ii) “cone” and “partial cone” result in a 1:1 ratio, and (iii) thermodynamically, the “partial cone” conformation is most stable.
Rodent models of AKI and AKI-CKD transition: an update in 2024

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite known drawbacks, rodent models are essential tools in the research of renal development, physiology, and pathogenesis. In the past decade, rodent models have been developed and used to mimic different etiologies of acute kidney injury (AKI), AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition or progression, and AKI with comorbidities. These models have been applied for both mechanistic research and preclinical drug development. However, current rodent models have their limitations, especially since they often do not fully recapitulate the pathophysiology of AKI in human patients, and thus need further refinement. Here, we discuss the present status of these rodent models, including the pathophysiologic compatibility, clinical translational significance, key factors affecting model consistency, and their main limitations. Future efforts should focus on establishing robust models that simulate the major clinical and molecular phenotypes of human AKI and its progression.
A reference language and ontology for materials modelling and interoperability

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Materials modelling is understood to include science based predictive methods describing any type of chemical and material at any level of granularity, i.e. electronic, atomistic, mesoscopic and continuum modelling. Methods in use today have their origins in a wide range of communities, such as computational chemistry, solid state physics, materials science, mechanical engineering etc. Application to industrial challenges typically requires integration of a range of these methods, which poses a significant interoperability challenge, not only computationally but also between experts from different communities.The European Materials Modelling Council (EMMC) recognized the need to collate the wide range of contributions and better integrate different communities and methodologies. Interope rability of models, software and data is needed to facilitate an integrated approach to materials design and product improvement. Thus, the EMMC facilitated the elaboration of a CEN Workshop Agreement: Materials modelling â Terminology, classification and metadata to establish a reference terminology for materials modelling.Furthermore, EMMC has been supporting the development of a general and widely applicable semantic basis for the representation of materials and their modelling: the European Materials Modelling Ontology (EMMO). The aim of EMMO is to be generic and to provide a common ground for describing materials, models and data that can be adapted by all domains. EMMO is designed to pave the road for semantic (rather than purely syntactic) interoperability. It can be used as the foundation for implementation of standards and open interfaces connecting different codes and models based on their fundamental characteristics.