jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Explicit formulae for the mean value of products of values of Dirichlet 𝐿-functions at positive integers

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let m ≥ 1 m\ge 1 be a rational integer. We give an explicit formula for the mean value 2 ϕ ( f ) ∑ χ ( − 1 ) = ( − 1 ) m | L ( m , χ ) | 2 , \begin{equation*} \frac {2}{\phi (f)}\sum _{\chi (-1)=(-1)^m}\vert L(m,\chi )\vert ^2, \end{equation*} where χ \chi ranges over the ϕ ( f ) / 2 \phi (f)/2 Dirichlet characters modulo f > 2 f>2 with the same parity as m m . We then adapt our proof to obtain explicit means values for products of the form L ( m 1 , χ 1 ) ⋯ L ( m n − 1 , χ n − 1 ) L ( m n , χ 1 ⋯ χ n − 1 ) ¯ L(m_1,\chi _1)\cdots L(m_{n-1},\chi _{n-1})\overline {L(m_n,\chi _1\cdots \chi _{n-1})} .
Freezing nitrogen ethanol composite reduces periprosthetic infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus contaminated metal implants: An animal study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Implant-associated infection remains a major complication of orthopedic surgery. The treatment of such infection is complicated by bacterial biofilm formation on the metal surfaces of implants. Biofilm surrounds and protects the bacteria against the organism’s endogenous defense system and from external agents such as antibiotics and mechanical debridement. This study aims to evaluate whether freezing nitrogen ethanol composite (FNEC), the combination of liquid nitrogen and 95% ethanol in a 3 to 1 ratio, used frequently in bone tumor surgery, is capable of disinfecting Staphylococcus aureus contaminated implants. Methods: The femurs of six New Zealand white rabbits were implanted with S. aureus -contaminated screws, half of which were treated with FNEC before implantation. The femurs were harvested 14 days after implantation. Histological analysis and TUNEL assay were conducted. The autoclaved screw, contaminated screw, and FNEC-treated contaminated screw were investigated using scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the biofilm structure. Results: The FNEC-treated group had significantly lower relative C-reactive protein levels. An obvious periosteal reaction at the implant site was observed in all rabbits in the non-FNEC group but none was observed in the FNEC-treated group. The FNEC-treated group exhibited fewer empty lacunae, less inflammatory infiltration, and less bone necrosis. Immunohistochemical analysis showed no S. aureus in bone tissue from the FNEC-treated group. Scanning electron microscopy showed disruption of the biofilm on the contaminated screw treated with FNEC. Conclusion: FNEC showed potential in disinfecting S.aureus-contaminated implants. Further investigation is warranted, such as the effect on the implant-cement-bone interface, for FNEC to be used clinically in treating implant-associated infection.
A systematic review of nursing interventions for breathlessness in COPD

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Introduction: To our knowledge, no systematic reviews (SR) have focused on the efficacy of nursing interventions for improving breathlessness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aim: To present SR of nursing intervention studies that evaluated efficacy for improving breathlessness in adults with COPD. Methods: A systematic search in CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and Medline was conducted to identify studies with pre- and post-test design, clinical controlled trials or RCTs published from January 2000 to April 2015. Results: Nineteen articles were included. Four categories of nursing interventions on breathlessness were identified. In the category homebased nursing four out of eight studies, including one RCT, two 2-group pre-post design, and one 1-group pre-post design found that nursing interventions improved breathlessness (p=0.04-<0.001). In the category mixed self-management/rehabilitation intervention performed in hospital and at home, five RCTs and one 2-group pre-post design found a positive change in favour of the experimental groups compared with controls (p=0.02-<0.0001). In the category pulmonary rehabilitation in clinics one RCT found no effect, while one 1-group pre-post design found a positive change over time (p<0.001). In the category other interventions one out of three RCTs found a positive effect in favour of the experimental groups compared with controls (p=0.03-0.0003). Conclusions: Results suggest that mixed self-management/rehabilitation interventions performed in hospital and home follow-up improve breathlessness in COPD. To strengthen the knowledge of nursing interventions improving breathlessness in COPD, more RCTs are need.
Robust Estimators for Multipass SAR Interferometry

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces a framework for robust parameter estimation in multipass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), such as persistent scatterer interferometry, SAR tomography, small baseline subset, and SqueeSAR. These techniques involve estimation of phase history parameters with or without covariance matrix estimation. Typically, their optimal estimators are derived on the assumption of stationary complex Gaussian-distributed observations. However, their statistical robustness has not been addressed with respect to observations with nonergodic and non-Gaussian multivariate distributions. The proposed robust InSAR optimization (RIO) framework answers two fundamental questions in multipass InSAR: 1) how to optimally treat images with a large phase error, e.g., due to unmolded motion phase, uncompensated atmospheric phase, etc.; and 2) how to estimate the covariance matrix of a non-Gaussian complex InSAR multivariate, particularly those with nonstationary phase signals. For the former question, RIO employs a robust M-estimator to effectively downweight these images; and for the latter, we propose a new method, i.e., the rank M-estimator, which is robust against non-Gaussian distribution. Furthermore, it can work without the assumption of sample stationarity, which is a topic that has not previously been addressed. We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed framework for data with large phase error and heavily tailed distribution, by comparing it with state-of-the-art estimators for persistent and distributed scatterers. Substantial improvement can be achieved in terms of the variance of estimates. The proposed framework can be easily extended to other multipass InSAR techniques, particularly to those where covariance matrix estimation is vital.
Developing coding skills: technology for a flipped classroom

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Knowing how to code is critical nowadays, and coding skills are treasured in a growing range of diversified areas. This led to the emerging of several learning platforms that allow students with different kind of knowledge to develop their coding skills. These platforms provide active and fun ways to learn how to code, using technology to create controlled, practical learning and teaching experiences both for students and teachers. The whole idea of this work is to depict a teaching and learning strategy based on the assumption that the use of technology leads students to a greater engagement in learning activities and promotes student–teacher interaction, as well as on the advantages of using an innovative approach to learning, i.e. flipped classrooms.
ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF THE CODE OF ETHICS OF AGRICULTURAL ACCOUNTANTS USING QUANTITATIVE METHODS

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the possibility of applying the meta theory of strategic games in the domain of the ethical code of conduct of agribusiness accountants. The focus is on the case when an accountant detected incorrect financial reporting by the client’s management of material nature. As a generally quantitative method, the model of strategic games in such a case allows to quantify and find a balanced relationship between the interests of management and accountants in the world where, there is constantly sustainable problem of ethics and unethics of accountants, which is an extremely important issue in the agricultural sector, which is a developing branch.
Selective Electroless Plating on UV-modified Polymer Film Surface Patterns to Form Copper Mesh as a Transparent Electrode

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A fully-additive fine pattern plating process is described for transparent conductive mesh formation on selectively UV-modified films by electroless copper plating. The reactions of surface modification were considered based on chemical and elemental analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and surface energy analysis. UV-modified surfaces were created with a polar protic moiety enriched surface that was roughened on the nanometer scale. Furthermore, amplified palladium adsorption selectivity at the modified regions and suppressed deposition on non-modified substrate regions enhanced the resolution. Copper mesh pattern formed on the palladium catalyst pattern achieved lower sheet resistance than indium tin-doped oxide (ITO) film of the same total light transmittance. After annealing the electrolytic plated film, the vertical peel strength between the PEN film and copper deposit was enhanced.
PROLIFERATION RATE OF HAEMOPOIETIC STEM CELLS AFTER DAMAGE BY SEVERAL CYTOSTATIC AGENTS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The haemopoietic tissue of mice was damaged by different cell‐cycle‐stage specific and cell‐cycle‐stage non‐specific cytostatic agents. The proliferation rate among the surviving pluripotential stem cells, i.e. those cells forming colonies in spleens of lethally irradiated mice (CFUs), was then investigated. The results suggest that, at least in the CFUs population, the cells which synthesize DNA in the S phase of the cell cycle inhibit the entry of the non‐proliferating G 0 cells into cell cycle. This evidence was based on the ability of three cytostatic agents, hydroxyurea, cytosine arabinoside and methotrexate, which are toxic specifically to the S phase cells to increase the proliferation in the CFUs population. This increase was quite out of proportion to the small amount of damage they caused to the population. Colchicine, which kills cells in mitosis, and ionizing irradiation, damaging cells in all stages, proved to be much weaker stimulators of proliferation. It has been suggested that a mechanism for the control of cellular proliferation might be based on the negative feedback in the cell cycle. In this feedback control loop the cells which are preparing for cell division in the S phase of the cell cycle inhibit the entry of the non‐proliferating G 0 cells into cell cycle.
Microgrid frequency regulation involving low‐wind‐speed wind turbine generators based on deep belief network

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

With the development of low‐wind‐speed technology, it becomes a trend that low‐wind‐speed wind turbine generators (LWTGs) are integrated into a microgrid. However, the frequency stability of the microgrid has thereby been challenged since the increased penetration of wind power lowers the inertia of the microgrid. In order to investigate how LWTGs can effectively participate in suppressing the frequency fluctuation of the microgrid, virtual inertia control, over‐speed control, as well as droop control, is applied to LWTG. Moreover, the de‐loading ratio of over‐speed control, along with the control parameters of virtual inertia control and droop control are all optimised under different wind speeds by virtue of the deep belief network, whereas the problem of over‐speed control failure with the scheme of fixed de‐loading ratio becomes more pronounced under low‐wind speeds, which is defined as a blind area problem. To solve this problem, on the one hand, the strategy of the variable de‐loading ratio is adopted under low‐wind‐speeds. On the other hand, the concepts of the minimum and maximum critical wind speed are deduced through theoretical analysis, which greatly restricts the number of feasible solutions of de‐loading ratio under different wind speeds so as to improve the optimisation efficiency about 50%.
Race is a Paradox: How Students Make Sense of Structure and Agency in Inter- and Intra-Group Dialogue.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Race operates in paradoxical and inconsistent ways. It is real with no basis in scientific reality; it is both hyper-visible and invisible; it powerfully shapes our lives even as it is carefully avoided and dismissed as unimportant. Thus, learning about race and racism can be cognitively difficult as well as emotionally laden. Empirical research demonstrates intergroup dialogue’s positive outcomes for participants. However, while a great deal of research has documented how intergroup dialogue supports students’ needs affectively (e.g., exploring empathy in dialogue), few studies have explored how dialogue students may struggle to understand the cognitively complex nature of race. To fill this gap, I explore how students make sense of agency and structure as they learn about race and racism through intergroup dialogue. Rather than assigning students to a stagnant position (e.g., a developmental stage or holistic attitude), I explore students’ narratives. By employing critical empathy (Gurin et al. 2014) as a technique for data analysis, I deconstruct papers and interview transcripts of 139 students who participate in inter- and intragroup dialogue courses on race and ethnicity. Ultimately, six narratives reveal how students make sense of race and racism. Two narratives (we’re all the same; everyone is unique) reveal binary thinking and reject the utility of race. Two different narratives (I am not a villain; struggling to see and represent race) convey students’ difficulty as they work to apply new realizations about the importance of race. Finally, two narratives (accepting contradiction and unknowability; both intention and consequence matter) demonstrate students’ acceptance of the complicated and inconsistent ways that race and racism operate. Attending to students’ cognitive processes may therefore enable instructors and practitioners to effectively challenge students; in particular, it may be vital to highlight the “both/and” (rather than “either/or”) nature of race and racism.
FOUR NEW CRAB SPIDERS FROM TAIWAN (ARANEAE, THOMISIDAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Examination of some thomisid specimens collected from Taiwan, three species are newly recorded from this fauna: Misumenops pseudovatius (Schenkel 1936), Phrynarachne ceylonica (O.P.-Cambridge 1884), Xysticus croceus (Fox 1937). In addition, four new species are described: Lysiteles digitatus, L. torsivus, Takachihoa onoi, and Tmarus lanyu.
SOITEC’s 4 junction solar cell module one year on sun

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

During the last years SOITEC has co-developed a 4-junction solar cell (SmartCell™) with world record conversion efficiency. To verify suitability for concentrator application in SOITEC’s Concentrix™ CPV module, early long-term outdoor performance monitoring was initiated. To date, some module prototypes have been already exposed for more than one year in desert environment; no performance degradation is observable. Accelerated ageing testing executed on the cells also indicates comparable reliability performance to standard triple junction concentrator solar cells.
Nurturing the phenotype: Environmental signals and transcriptional regulation of intestinal γδ T cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The intestinal epithelium harbours a unique lymphocyte population, the intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). A large fraction of IELs is represented by γδ T cells. Their role in epithelial homeostasis and immune response is well documented, but a conclusive view of their developmental pathway is still missing. In this review, we discuss the existing literature as well as recent advances regarding the tissue adaptation of γδ IELs, both for the characteristic cytotoxic subset and the newly described noncytotoxic subset. We particularly highlight the environmental cues and the transcriptional regulation that equip γδ T cells with their IEL phenotype.
Neuromodulation of Microcircuits in Motor Systems with Special Reference to Invertebrates

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In this chapter we introduce current knowledge on neuromodulation at the various levels of analysis on which neuromodulator action becomes apparent. These span from animal behavior, to biomechanics and musculature, to neural networks, single neurons and, finally, intracellular signal cascades, genes, and protein synthesis. In contrast to neurohormones that are released into the hemolymph, neuromodulators are delivered more precisely at their target tissues. While extrinsic neuromodulation provides an independent release control, intrinsic neuromodulation can represent a more automatic release control. Neuronal networks underlying the generation of rhythmic motor patterns are known to receive a particularly rich supply of neuromodulators, and thus provide excellent case studies, some of which are presented in detail in this article. Neuromodulators play a pivotal role in the reconfiguration of neuronal networks, and thus extend the working range of a given neuronal network enormously. Neuromodulators organize the formation of neuronal networks during development and are involved in shaping the final tuning towards their function in the adult organism. Furthermore, neuromodulators have profound effects on peripheral systems such as muscles. Not only may they change the efficacy of neuromuscular transmission, or the function of glands, but they also regulate the muscular energy metabolism, to name some examples treated here. This chapter aims to identify some “holes” in current knowledge to guide future research. These concern in particular the following issues: (a) How are neuromodulatory neurons themselves part of larger neural networks? (b) How are these neurons activated during the respective behaviors of an organism rather than in isolated systems or in vitro cultures? (c) Finally, much more knowledge is required to gain insight into the particular “functional compartments” of neuromodulators released by neurons. HISTORY AND DEFINITION OF THE TERM
ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING IN INDONESIA AND ITS RELATION TO THE ROLE OF ENGLISH AS AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since Indonesia is categorized as an English Foreign Language (EFL)country, it is interesting to find out whether this issue has an impact onEnglish Language Teaching practices in this country. This articledescribes general trends of English Language Teaching in Indonesialast few decades and discusses whether rapid globalization of Englishhas any significant impact on English as an International Language(EIL) policy and practices in this country, and also whether newtrends in English as an International Language (EIL) influenceperception of and toward English in this country.
Coping strategies among adolescents and young adults living with HIV/AIDS in Accra-Ghana

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Living with HIV/AIDS is remarkably stressful and has an adverse effect on one’s physical and mental health. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy has led to an increased number of children with perinatal acquired HIV who are living into adolescence and adulthood. Developing strategies to cope with HIV becomes imperative, especially among these adolescents. The study determined the factors that influence coping strategies among adolescents living with HIV. Methods An analytic cross-sectional design was used. 154 adolescents aged 10–19 years living with HIV were systematically sampled at the Fevers Unit of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital from June to December 2021. The adolescent version of the KidCope was used to assess the choice of coping strategies. Stata 16 was used to determine associations between independent variables and the coping strategies identified. Only variables that were significant at p = 0.1 or less in the crude model were used to run the adjusted regression model. The level of significance was set at p = 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. Results The mean age of participants was 19.2 (95%CI-18.7-19.6) years with 51.9% (80/154) of participants being males. A majority, 57.1% (95%CI-52.3%-63.4%) of the participants employed positive coping with 87.0% (135/154) using cognitive restructuring strategy. In an adjusted linear regression model, participants coping strategies were significantly associated with their age 0.96 (95%CI 0.51–1.76, p = 0.046), educational level (p = 0.029), parental status (p = 0.045), caregiver (p = 0.014) as well as dealing with stigma and discrimination (p = 0.008). Conclusion Participants largely adopted positive coping strategies in managing the disease. Factors that influenced the choice of coping strategies were increasing age, higher levels of education, and the presence of both parents as caregivers. The importance of a good social support structure and pursuing further education needs to be emphasized in counselling adolescents living with HIV as it promotes the choice of positive coping strategies.
DIALOGUE IN PLATO - (A.G.) Long Conversation and Self-Sufficiency in Plato. Pp. viii + 184. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Cased, £30, US$55. ISBN: 978-0-19-969535-5.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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Assessing Employees Performance and Its Impact In Enhancing Loyalty At Jordanian Private Universities In The Northern Territory: DOI: 10.46988/IJIHRM.01.02.2020.002

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the study was to identify employee performance appraisal and its effect on organizational loyalty: An applied study on the private universities in the northern province of Jordan from the viewpoint of universities managers, assistant managers, heads of departments, and employees. A questionnaire of (45) items was constructed, items were distributed on two dimensions (Employees Performance Appraisal and Organizational Loyalty) to identify the level of implementing the process of employee’s performance appraisal. The population of the study included all managers, assistant managers, heads of departments, and employees of Jordan private universities in the north province (N. 435). Questionnaire number (219) was circulated out of which (209) were retrieved, representing a response rate of (95.4%). Results of the study revealed statistically significant effects of employee performance appraisal on enhancing organizational loyalty in the private universities in the north region of Jordan. It also showed that the level of Jordan private universities in the northern province interest in the process of appropriate performance evaluation was average. According to the results the researcher recommends the need to work on activating the role of performance evaluation at the Jordanian private universities in the northern province through realizing (achieving) the highest degrees of justice and objectivity in the evaluation process, to relate the results of the evaluation with moral and material incentives and pay more attention to the process of performance evaluation due to its important role and effect on organizational loyalty among employees.