jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Geotextile Reinforced Road Embankment Using PLAXIS 2D

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Geotextiles have been increasingly applied as reinforcement in road embankments on soft soil. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum tensile strength of geotextile as the reinforcement in road embankment considering the allowable factor of safety and displacement. The stability analysis of the road embankment has been done by finite element method using PLAXIS 2D. In this study, three types of sequence modeling were conducted. First, the stability of road embankment without any reinforcement was analyzed. Second modeling was to determine the length of geotextile reinforcement considering the stability of the model road embankment. The last sequence was to investigate the stability of the model reinforced embankment with various tensile strength of geotextiles reinforcement. The result of this study showed that the optimum tensile strength of geotextiles was strongly influenced by the factor of safety.
Precursor Routes to Complex Ternary Intermetallics: Single-Crystal and Microcrystalline Preparation of Clathrate-I Na8Al8Si38 from NaSi + NaAlSi

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Single crystals of the ternary clathrate-I Na8Al8Si38 were synthesized by kinetically controlled thermal decomposition (KCTD), and microcrystalline Na8Al8Si38 was synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) using a NaSi + NaAlSi mixture as the precursor. Na8AlxSi46-x compositions with x ≤ 8 were also synthesized by SPS from precursor mixtures of different ratios. The crystal structure of Na8Al8Si38 was investigated using both Rietveld and single-crystal refinements. Temperature-dependent transport and UV/vis measurements were employed in the characterization of Na8Al8Si38, with diffuse-reflectance measurement indicating an indirect optical gap of 0.64 eV. Our results indicate that, when more than one precursor is used, both SPS and KCTD are effective methods for the synthesis of multinary inorganic phases that are not easily accessible by traditional solid-state synthesis or crystal growth techniques.
The social ecology of police attitudes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use Klinger's theory of negotiated order to examine whether district crime and deviance levels exert influence on levels of police cynicism towards district residents. A secondary purpose is to discuss the policy implications for the proposed relationship between district crime and police cynicism. Design/methodology/approach Interviews from the Project on Policing Neighborhood (POPN) and patrol district crime data were used to study whether crime and deviance levels exert influence on police cynicism of district residents ( n =574). It was hypothesized that officers would be more cynical of citizens in districts with higher rates of violent crime compared with their colleagues assigned to districts with lower rates of violent crime. Findings The results of OLS regression analyses indicate that district violent crime rate was related to police cynicism and in the direction hypothesized, controlling for both individual and occupational covariates. Officers with more experience were also found to have lower levels of cynicism. Research limitations/implications Items used to construct the measure of police cynicism were adapted from the POPN survey data set which asked general questions about officer perceptions of district residents. Further research and better measures are necessary in order to examine the determinants of police cynicism with implications for explaining behavior. Findings from the study might be used by policymakers in terms of police assignment and deployment to high crime areas. Originality/value This is the first empirical attempt at examining Klinger's theory of social ecology. The study incorporates a policy argument based on the theoretical precepts and the results from the data analysis.
Private‐Value Auction Versus Posted‐Price Selling: An Agent‐Based Model Approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary An agent‐based first‐price private‐value auction and an agent‐based posted‐price market are developed to compare these selling methods when buyers have private values. If the seller cannot impose a reserve price and has little uncertainty about the item's value, the seller's expected revenue is highest in the posted‐price market. Otherwise, the seller is better off selling the item with the auction. Using a genetic algorithm and Monte Carlo integration solved the agent‐based models quicker and provided more precise answers than solving models with particle swarm optimization and using the trapezoidal rule for numerical integration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identiﬁcation of Pyroptosis-related Gene Prognostic Signature in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Pyroptosis has been recently identified as a hallmark of cancer biology; however, the potential of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) as prognostic markers has not been fully elucidated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: 35 PRGs were obtained from the published literature, and pyroptosis subtypes were identified by bioinformatics methods. The risk score model was established applying the LASSO Cox regression method in the TCGA cohort and validated in the ICGC datasets. Additionally, immune infiltration, enriched pathways and genomic alterations were analyzed between high and low risk-score subgroups. Finally, a nomogram containing the pyroptosis risk score and other prognostic related clinical factors was created for predicting the overall survival of HCC. Results: Based on the expression profile of PRGs, we determined two pyroptosis-related subtypes (cluster A and cluster B) of HCC with different immune characteristics and significantly different prognoses. The risk score model showed that up-regulation of GPX4, CASP8, NOD2, and GSDME was associated with poor prognosis, while NLRP6 was the opposite. Compared with patients with lower risk scores, the high-risk score group had a worse prognosis (P <0.0001) and a higher level of immune cell infiltration. Functional analysis suggested that the highly expressed genes in the high-risk group were mainly concentrated in various signaling pathways, while the low-expressed genes in the high-risk group were mainly enriched in different biochemical metabolic translations. Genomic alterations in high-risk and low-risk populations implied that mutations in the TP53 gene are highly associated with pyroptosis in HCC patients. A nomogram including risk score and TNM stage for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival indicated a good prognostic prediction ability. Conclusions: We developed and verified a prognostic risk model based on PRGs for HCC sufferers, which may provide a robust tool for forecasting prognosis in patients with HCC.
Latest Famennian Brachiopods from Kowala, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Halamski, Adam T., Baliński, Andrzej (2009): Latest Famennian brachiopods from Kowala, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 (2): 289-306, DOI: 10.4202/app.2007.0066, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.2007.0066
Biotrickling filtration of n-butanol vapors: process monitoring using electronic nose and artificial neural network

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Biotrickling filtration is one of the techniques used to reduce odorants in the air. It is based on the aerobic degradation of pollutants by microorganisms located in the filter bed. The research presents the possibility of using the electronic nose prototype combined with artificial neural network for biofiltration process monitoring in terms of reduction in n-butanol concentration and odour intensity of treated air. The study was conducted using two-section biotrickling filter packed with a commercially available mixture of peat and perlite during 42 days with different n-butanol inlet concentrations, i.e., 100, 200, 400, and 800 ppm. During the tests, a concentration and odour intensity removal efficiency of around 90% and 20% was obtained, respectively. It has been shown that the highest values were obtained for an inlet n-butanol concentration of 200–400 ppm.
Garry oak savannah stand history and change in coastal southern British Columbia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this thesis I investigate the history of Garry oak (' Quercus garryana') savannah patches in coastal British Columbia and the changes to these ecosystems over recent centuries. Remnant Garry oak patches have been altered by agriculture, development, increased herbivory, exotic plants, and fire suppression. Identifying the historical stand structure and ecosystem processes is therefore critical for effective site management and restoration. In this study, tree-ring analysis was used to reconstruct the stand and disturbance history at eight Garry oak communities within and adjacent to the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve. Varying levels of disturbance and tree establishment were found to have occurred at the time of European settlement. After the initial colonization by Garry oak, Douglas-fir ('Pseudotsuga menziesii') recruitment increased and has been ongoing. Results from the smaller islands suggest that local environmental conditions, weather events, and competitive interactions are important controls of ecosystem dynamics on these sites.
Lingual nerve injury following surgical removal of mandibular third molar

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background and objective: The close proximity of lingual nerve in relation to the lingual cortical bone of the posterior mandibular third molar is clinically important because lingual nerve may be subjected to trauma during surgical removal of the impacted lower third molar. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the incidence of lingual nerve paresthesia following surgical removal of mandibular third molar in College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University. Methods: A total of 116 third molars surgery were carried out under local anesthesia for 116 patients for removal of lower mandibular teeth Using Terence Ward's incision made in all cases, and after that, the buccal flap was reflected, lingual tissues had been retracted during bone removal with a periosteal elevator. The sensory disturbance was evaluated on the 7th postoperative day by standard questioning the patients: “Do you have any unusual feeling in your tongue, lingual gingiva and mucosa of the floor of the mouth?" Results: One patient experienced sensory disturbance, the lingual nerve paresthesia incidence was 0.9% as a transient sensory disturbance, while no patient of permanent sensory disturbance. Conclusion: The incidence of injury to the lingual nerve can be minimized by careful clinical evaluation, surgeon’s experience, surgical approach and knowledge about anatomical landmarks during surgical removal of an impacted lower third molar tooth.
LHD 1p5L-AL02-NF #163527.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.
General Geology of Bukit Tinggi Area, Pahang with emphasis on Bukit Tinggi Fault Zone

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Bukit Tinggi is an area located at the southwest of Pahang and bounded by Bukit Tinggi Fault Zone and Kuala Lumpur Fault Zone. However, there is lack of correlation between the rock physical characteristics with Bukit Tinggi Fault Zone, as the available research does not thoroughly provide detailed geological properties of the rocks at Bukit Tinggi. It is known that generally, Bukit Tinggi area is dominated by igneous (Main Range Granite) and metamorphic rocks but different lithology occur at the different outcrops and it is best to compare the lithology of Janda Baik area with Bukit Tinggi area. The methodologies that are used in the research are listed down based on the scale of observation that includes microscopic (thin section analysis), mesoscopic (field and hand sample observation), and megascopic (regional study through Digital Elevation Model). The methodologies are significant to identify the detailed mineralogy and petrography of the rocks as well as the structural study of Bukit Tinggi area. From the fieldwork, overall there are total of six outcrops at Bukit Tinggi and four at Janda Baik area. At Bukit Tinggi, the igneous rocks are felsic igneous rocks which are fine to coarse-grained biotite porphyritic granite, porphyritic microgranite and granitic gneiss. The rocks also show two-phase variant granite occurrence. Meanwhile, Janda Baik area show medium-grained characteristic of biotite granite lithology. From the study, the minerals are comprised of K-Feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, biotite and chlorite. Major faults and fracture trends in this area include NNW-SSE, N-S, NW-SE, and E-W. Wide distribution of Bukit Tinggi strike slip faults interpreted occurred in the earliest phase followed by normal faulting and then reverse fault took place (Zainal Abidin et. al, 2010). The study provided more detailed findings compared to the previous studies.
Progress in Research on Cytoplasmic RIG-I Like Receptors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

How the hosts recognize and clear invading viruses is one of the key issues in molecular immunology.However,the immediate-early signaling events among host and virus interaction were largely unknown.In the past few years,there are great breakthroughs in this rapidly evolving field.RIG-I like receptors(RLRs) have recently been identified as cytoplasmic sensors for nucleic acid of virus,which RIG-I(retinoic acid-inducible gene I),MDA5(melanoma differentiation associated factor 5)and LGP2(laboratory of genetics and physiology 2).The CARDs domains within this RLRs mediate associations with its adaptor protein MAVS to activate the transcription factors NF-κB and IRF,and then induce production of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines.Consequently these factors initiate innate immune responses and the acquired immune responses,enhancing the host's antiviral ability.Therefore RLRs play a key role in the detection and subsequent eradication of the replicating viral genomes.Recent progress is summarized in this paper on types,structures of RLRs,its roles in recognition of virus nucleic acid and molecular mediating signaling after the activation of RLRs in order to provide references for researches on antiviral immunity of marine organisms,especially teleost fishes.
Developing cleaner export pathways for taro in Fiji and Samoa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Samoa and Fiji's Taro industry has undergone scrutiny as the taro exported has been labelled, as of poor quality and covered with pests. To address this problem, the Cleaner Pathway Project looks at improving the supply chain of taro and looking at hot water dipping as a phytosanitary treatment for mites and nematodes. To improve soil fertility, the leguminous plant, Mucuna was planted for six months before planting taro to test for the reduction of the soil's nematode level. During harvest, improved handling techniques and the use of crates to transfer corms from the farm to the pack house were trialled, replacing the usual sacks that were commonly used. Pack house standard have also been developed to ensure that taro is processed and packed to export needs. In addition, trials were conducted to determine a suitable post tailing and topping treatment to prevent fungal infections of corms. Hot water dipping of corms and planting materials were tested at different temperatures to determine mite and nematode mortality on corms and the viability of the planting materials. From the result of some of these trials, we have been able to observe better quality taro and a reduced mite and nematode presence on the corms. The Mucuna trials are currently underway and the taro plants are being monitored on a monthly basis. This project should be able to provide us with alternative ways to improve the taro supply chain and provide better quality taro consignments for export.
ON SOME PROPERTIES OF THE GOULD TYPE INTEGRAL WITH RESPECT TO A MULTISUBMEASURE

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper continues our work (5) concerning a Gould type integral of a bounded, real valued function with respect to a multisubmeasure taking values in Pbf(X), X being a Banach space and Pbf(X) the family of all non-empty, bounded, closed subsets of X. We prove that the integral preserves the regularity as well as the o-continuity of the multisubmeasure. Also, some results concerning sequences of µ-integrable functions are obtained. Mathematics Subject Classification 2000: 28B20, 26E25, 49J53.
Down on the farm: preventing farm accidents in children.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Agriculture continues to rank as the most dangerous industry in the United States. The objectives of this pilot study were to identify the incidence of care provided to children involved in farm accidents, examine barriers to utilization of farm safety materiaJs by primary health care practitioners (PHCPs), and determine the percentage of PHCPs who provide anticipatory guidance related to farm safety. Pender's revised Health Promotion Model (2006) was used. A survey was developed and mailed to 110 PHCPs of all levels in North West Pennsylvania. The return rate was 20%. Types of injuries identified by the PHCPs included lacerations and musculosketal injuries caused by animals and farm equipment. Forty-five percent of the PHCPs reporting asked new patients/families if their children lived or worked on a farm. Eighteen percent specifically focused on farm-related injury prevention. Fourteen percent were aware of farm injury prevention materials and 73% were interested in receiving such materials. A larger study needs to be conducted to validate these findings.
Sealing materials effectiveness evaluation in the repair of bituminous-concrete surface with transversal cracks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The method of sealing materials effectiveness evaluation in the repair of bituminous-concrete surface with transversal cracksis offered. Calculation schemes and mathematical models based on the application of the thermo-viscous-elasticity theory forthe prediction of temperature stresses in the sealing material at the contact with the bituminous-concrete surface, taking intoaccount the thermal-technical and thermorheological properties of the materials and the geometric parameters of the bituminous-concreteslabs and the transversal crack. The obtained analytical dependences allow to estimate the service life beforethe loss of sealant compound integrity or adhesive strength of their adhesion with bituminous-concrete surface taking intoaccount annual and daily temperature fluctuations according to the main provisions of the kinetic theory of solid bodiesstrength.
The Construction of China’s National Image under the COVID-19 Epidemic by the American News Media

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the coronavirus presents a serious challenge to the international public opinion towards China, more recent attention has focused on China’s national image under the Covid-19 outlined by the Chinese and Western media. This paper aims to use a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches to investigate the construction of China’s national image under the Covid-19 epidemic by The New York Times and analyze the social power and ideologies behind the reports. Using the analytical framework of DHA, we find that the American mainstream media seize the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China to promote Trump government’s “America First” doctrine by politicizing the epidemic and stigmatizing and smearing China. China has borne the brunt of the hostility and attack from the negative public opinion across the globe.
The Identification of APOBEC3G as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and a Possible Drug Target for Crotonoside

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G (APOBEC3G) converts cytosine to uracil in DNA/RNA. Its role in resisting viral invasion has been well documented. However, its expression pattern and potential function in AML remain unclear. In this study, we carried out a bioinformatics analysis and revealed that the expression of APOBEC3G was significantly upregulated in AML, and high expression of APOBEC3G was significantly associated with short overall survival (OS). APOBEC3G expression was especially increased in non-M3AML, and correlated with the unfavorable cytogenetic risks. Additionally, Cox regression analyses indicated APOBEC3G is a hazard factor that cannot be ignored for OS of AML patients. In molecular docking simulations, the natural product crotonoside was found to interact well with APOBEC3G. The expression of APOBEC3G is the highest in KG-1 cells, and the treatment with crotonoside can reduce the expression of APOBEC3G. Crotonoside can inhibit the viability of different AML cells in vitro, arrest KG-1 and MV-4-11 cells in the S phase of the cell cycle and affect the expression of cycle-related proteins, and induce cell apoptosis. Therefore, APOBEC3G could be a potential drug target of crotonoside, and crotonoside can be considered as a lead compound for APOBEC3G inhibition in non-M3 AML.
Your assessment is welcome here: the trade impacts of mutual recognition agreements

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

As tariffs and transportation costs have progressively declined over time, trade obstacles such as technical regulations have become relatively more important, but their impacts remain under-studied. In this analysis we measure the trade impacts of a mutual recognition arrangement established by Mexico with Canada and the United States in the electronics sector. We found that the arrangement induced a positive impact on trade flows, increasing the exports of the products associated with the agreement by around 23%. The finding is important because unlike tariffs, technical regulations cannot simply be eliminated as they are often aimed at legitimate objectives, but their negative effects on trade could potentially be reduced with approaches such as mutual recognition agreements, as shown in this analysis.
INFLUENCE OF TRANSACTION COSTS OF A PRODUCTION ENTERPRISE ON THE FORMATION OF ITS PROFIT

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The published article proposes economic and mathematical models for predicting the profits of an enterprise that incurs certain transaction costs in addition to production costs. The source of transaction costs of an enterprise is the compelled expenses for the search and processing of economic information, financing of negotiations, elaboration and conclusion of contracts with partners, organization of protection of property rights, payment of opportunistic behavior of employees and managers of the enterprise, etc. A numerical analysis of the obtained economic and mathematical models for predicting the economic indicators of an enterprise having a certain level of transaction costs shows that instead of the maximum level of profit, an enterprise can only achieve its lower optimal level, which corresponds to the optimal value of the transaction utility function.