jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hidden Bilingualism: Ideological Influences on the Language Practices of Multilingual Migrant Mothers in Japan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the challenges of minority language transmission in exogamous families in a society where linguistic and cultural homogeneity still prevails. Specifically, it investigates the macro and micro ideological influences that lead multilingual migrant mothers in Japan to speak Japanese to their children. Interview data with six Thai mothers revealed that political influences made them emphasize the learning of Japanese. Economic factors led to the mothers' valorization of Japanese, and even English, and lackadaisical efforts toward developing their children's Thai. Sociocultural influences contributed to their practice of speaking Japanese to their children in front of Japanese speakers. The mothers' childrearing experiences also affected their language practices. Their perception that Thai exposure delayed their older children's Japanese development led them to use more Japanese to their younger children. The mothers' limited use of Thai led to a lack of comprehension and low production of Thai by their children.
Design and Evaluation of a Laser Doppler Velocimeter for the AEDC-PWT 4-Foot Transonic Tunnel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The design details and initial performance evaluation of a two- component Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) system for a large transonic wind tunnel are presented. The two-color, backscatter LDV was specially developed for free-stream, pitch plane flow angle and velocity magnitude measurements using only intrinsic particulate matter as light scatterers. An environmental control system and remote optical alignment techniques were developed since the LDV was located in the hostile environment (vibration, vacuum, inaccessibility, etc.) of the tunnel plenum region. A new-type LDV signal processor was developed to process the low-level signals produced by the small intrinsic particles. A versatile, computer-based system was developed for high-speed data acquisition. LDV mean velocity and flow angle data are compared to free-stream velocity data and aerodynamic flow angle probe data.
Real-Time Shape-Based Particle Separation and Detailed in Situ Particle Shape Characterization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Particle shape is an important attribute in determining particle properties and behavior, but it is difficult to control and characterize. We present a new portable system that offers, for the first time, the ability to separate particles with different shapes and characterize their chemical and physical properties, including their dynamic shape factors (DSFs) in the transition and free-molecular regimes, with high precision, in situ, and in real-time. The system uses an aerosol particle mass analyzer (APM) to classify particles of one mass-to-charge ratio, transporting them to a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) that is tuned to select particles of one charge, mobility diameter, and for particles with one density, one shape. These uniform particles are then ready for use and/or characterization by any application or analytical tool. We combine the APM and DMA with our single-particle mass spectrometer, SPLAT II, to form the ADS and demonstrate its utility to measure individual particle compositions, vacuum aerodynamic diameters, and particle DSFs in two flow regimes for each selected shape. We applied the ADS to the characterization of aspherical ammonium sulfate and NaCl particles, demonstrating that both have a wide distribution of particle shapes with DSFs from approximately 1 to 1.5.
MBD2 facilitates tumor metastasis by mitigating DDB2 expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Despite past extensive studies, the pathoetiologies underlying tumor metastasis remain poorly understood, which renders its treatment largely unsuccessful. The methyl-CpG-binding domain 2 (MBD2), a “reader” to interpret DNA methylome-encoded information, has been noted to be involved in the development of certain types of tumors, while its exact impact on tumor metastasis remains elusive. Herein we demonstrated that patients with LUAD metastasis were highly correlated with enhanced MBD2 expression. Therefore, knockdown of MBD2 significantly attenuated the migration and invasion of LUAD cells (A549 and H1975 cell lines) coupled with attenuated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, similar results were observed in other types of tumor cells (B16F10). Mechanistically, MBD2 selectively bound to the methylated CpG DNA within the DDB2 promoter, by which MBD2 repressed DDB2 expression to promote tumor metastasis. As a result, administration of MBD2 siRNA-loaded liposomes remarkably suppressed EMT along with attenuated tumor metastasis in the B16F10 tumor-bearing mice. Collectively, our study indicates that MBD2 could be a promising prognostic marker for tumor metastasis, while administration of MBD2 siRNA-loaded liposomes could be a viable therapeutic approach against tumor metastasis in clinical settings.
"The Theatricality of the Emulsion!"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article reexamines the career of Roger Jacoby (1945–1985), an abstract painter and gay liberation activist who became renowned for processing film in his darkened bathtub and for films that featured his partner, Ondine, the Andy Warhol Superstar. Through a consideration of film shorts made in the 1970s and 1980s, the article argues that Jacoby’s principal innovation was the exploration of hand-processing, which resulted in films that resembled abstract expressionist paintings in motion. Additionally, it considers hand-processing as an overlooked, albeit powerful, vehicle for expressing non-normative sexuality in American avant-garde film. It situates Jacoby alongside gay filmmakers Kenneth Anger, Gregory Markopoulos, and Jack Smith, and considers how hand-processed media can generate a “corporealized” spectator and disrupt patterns of filmic illusionism and heterosexist protocols of sexual/gender representation.
Informed embedding for multibit watermarking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a practical blind detection multibit watermarking system. The proposed system is analogous to code division multiplexing in spread spectrum communications. Performance improvements with respect to existing multibit systems are obtained by means of informed embedding. With informed embedding we exploit perceptual modelling by using a wavelet-based multiplicative mask and exploit the digital content information to improve watermark detection. We implemented the proposed system for fragile and semirobust multibit watermarks. The obtained results confirm the good system performance considering watermark properties of fidelity, efficiency, data payload and robustness against volumetric distortion sources.
The Nelson Touch: Exhibition at the Royal Naval Museum at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This exhibition was created as part of the residency celebrating the Sea Britain: Trafalgar Festival, which focused on the Nelson phenomenon.

Sarah Woodfine was selected along with Helen Maurer for this residency and exhibition at the Royal Naval Museum at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard by the project curator Victoria Preston. The artists were chosen to complement each other in their working methods, the presentation of other worlds by means of illusionistic devices derived from found images as sources for the development of ideas.

The project was a collaboration between Aspex Gallery, Portsmouth and The Royal Naval Museum. Woodfine used the Lily Lambert McCarthy collection at the museum as source material in order to look at historical maritime images that did not signify the heroism and machismo of war and to research the mythology and multi-faceted persona of Nelson and his naval strategies. This research project addressed the pathos of war – the moments after the battle, the isolation and emptiness of its aftermath.

Woodfine produced a 3D drawing/sculpture inspired by the engraving ‘Battle of Trafalgar - Conclusion of the Battle’ by James Walker, which in turn was based on a sketch by midshipman George Herbert, who fought at Trafalgar. Woodfine’s drawing process has a strong resonance with etchings and engravings of this particular period and the drawing/sculpture produced aimed to portray the post-battle situation of isolation, emptiness and decay through a personal interpretation of the Battle of Trafalgar. Aiming to explore the depiction of war historically and to portray its sense of destruction from a contemporary viewpoint, the final piece was exhibited in the Lily Lambert McCarthy collection at the Royal Naval Museum. The work is now owned by Victoria Preston.
A Study on the Influence of Chinese University Students' Choice of Couples on the View of Love and Marriage

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based on the literature research and exploration on love and marriage in recent years, this study divides Chinese university students' views of love into three types, romantic, realistic and traditional views. At the same time, in the process of literature research, it is also found that three types of views of love and marriage are affected by different choices of spouse. This study chooses five choices of spouse, which have obvious influence on the view of love: communication, responsibility, physiognomy, capability and economic condition. By using the empirical method and referring to the questionnaire of choices of spouse and views of love and marriage prepared by predecessors, through the survey of 421 Chinese university students, it is found that the three types of university students' view of love are affected by different choices of spouse. Communication, responsibility and physiognomy have significant influence on university students with romantic view of love. Physiognomy, capability and economy significantly affect the realistic view of love. Economy, physiognomy and responsibility have a significant impact on the traditional view of love. Economy and physiognomy have a positive impact on the traditional view of love, and responsibility has a positive impact on the traditional view of love and marriage. Through the results of this study, the characteristics of Chinese university students' view of love and marriage are inferred: traditional and realistic views of love are coexisting; conservative and opening ideas are mingling.
Systematic configuration of coarsely discretized 3D EM solvers for reliable and fast simulation of high-frequency planar structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Accurate simulation of microstrip and other planar structures at very high frequencies usually requires employing full-wave electromagnetic (EM) solvers. For planar circuits, 2.5D EM solvers are especially suited and easy to configure. However, in some cases, planar circuits are required to be simulated in 3D solvers. On the other hand, low-resolution discretization in 3D solvers is necessary when coarse models are employed for direct EM optimization, for instance, in space mapping methodologies, or in surrogate-based modeling techniques. In this work, we propose a systematic methodology to find a suitable 3D EM solver configuration when low-resolution meshing is needed for reliable and fast simulation of planar structures. We illustrate how improper configuration of the 3D EM solver might lead to significant alteration of the inherent structure's EM response, as well as to numerical noise that affects the parameterized usage of these models, such as in direct EM optimization. Our technique is illustrated by a couple of classical microstrip filters simulated with a commercially available 3D full-wave EM solver.
The impact of contextual distance on the investment locations of Chinese multinationals in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study has investigated the impact of contextual distance between home and host countries on the location choice of Chinese multinational enterprises in Asia and Europe, with special attention to the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Through our analysis, we have extended existing IB research of contextual distance to include some new dimensions, such as the policy alignment between home and host countries, existence of home country's business networks, ethnic communities, and language and cultural institutions in host countries, as well as their historical links. The effects of these factors are also contrasted by the ownership attributes of investing firms, i.e. Chinese SOEs and POEs, to detect the importance of firm-level factor in influencing the effect of contextual distance. The analysis of 4437 Chinese greenfield investment projects between 2003 and 2019 in Europe and Asia – based on a conditional logit model – provided support but also qualified some of our hypotheses, which constitute our main contribution to the theoretical and empirical literature on the location choice of Chinese multinational enterprises in general and on Chinese investment along the Belt and Road (B&R) in particular.
Evaluating the economic impacts of hosting the Olympic Games: Why are more cities in emerging markets increasingly bidding and winning the right to host?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper will evaluate the economic impacts of hosting an Olympics. City and State officials claim that hosting the Olympics can deliver both short and long-term economic impacts for the city and country at large, but economist remain skeptical of the event's large upfront costs and an overestimation of the projected economic impacts. Most of the empirical studies used for this paper state that the Olympics tends to lose money for the host city, and when gains are made, they are negligible at best. This matched by the fact that cities in emerging markets are increasingly bidding and winning the rights to host the Olympics, is what this research has been based on. We argue that emerging markets are overleveraging themselves by hosting the Olympics in order to boost global cities competiveness, expand current infrastructure stock, and improve their brand value through soft power.
Data from Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic Actions of mTOR Inhibitor in Genetically Defined Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mouse Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> To assess the efficacy of rapamycin treatment in chemoprevention and chemotherapy of tumorigenesis in a genetically defined mouse model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).</p><p><b>Experimental design:</b> Knockdown of Tgfbr1 and/or Pten using siRNA-mediated RNA interference was carried out in human HNSCC cell lines to analyze molecular changes in the mTOR pathway<i>. Tgfbr1</i><sup>flox/flox</sup>; <i>Pten</i><sup>flox/flox</sup>; K14-CreER<sup>tam</sup> mice were treated with oral gavage of tamoxifen for the conditional deletion of <i>Tgfbr1</i> and <i>Pten</i> in oral mucosa, resulting in HNSCC. <i>Tgfbr1</i> and <i>Pten</i> conditonal deletion (2cKO) mice were treated with rapamycin before or after the onset of HNSCC, and the efficacy of this treatment was assessed by determining tumor burden, longevity, and molecular analysis of the mTOR pathway. Molecular changes observed in human HNSCC cell lines and 2cKO mice were compared to identify key alterations in the mTOR pathway.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Knockdown of Tgfbr1 and/or Pten in human HNSCC cell lines resulted in activation of mTOR activity complex 1 and increased levels of survivin. Furthermore, we observed similar changes in HNSCC of the 2cKO mouse. In the human HNSCC tissue array, a loss of Tgfbr1 expression correlated with increased survivin levels. Chemopreventive rapamycin treatment significantly delayed the onset of the HNSCC tumors and prolonged survival in 2cKO mice. In addition, we also found that rapamycin had a therapeutic effect on squamous cell carcinomas in these mice. In 2cKO HNSCC tongue tumors, rapamycin treatment induced apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation and phosphorylation of Akt and S6, and decreased survivin expression.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> These findings indicate that tumorigenesis in 2cKO HNSCC is associated with activation of the Akt/mTOR/survivin pathway, and inhibition of this pathway by rapamycin treatment successfully ameliorates the onset and progression of tumorigenesis. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 18(19); 5304–13. ©2012 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Effects of single dose low-level laser therapy, on pain and healing of extraction socket after extraction of premolars in orthodontic patients

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Tooth extraction for orthodontic purposes is a common procedure. However, \nextractions, just like other surgeries carry some complications and risk like pain, swelling, \ninfections, and dry socket. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are \npreferred medicines to reduce post-extraction pain, but it may have systemic effects. \nLow-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been found effective in decreasing the post-extraction \npain and acceleration of wound healing after third-molar extraction. Orthodontic \nforces initiate osteoclastic activities in the alveolar bone which causes mobility \nof the tooth which also eases the extraction and reduces post-extraction pain, but it has \nnot been investigated. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of single \ndose of LLLT on the pain and healing of extraction socket before alignment and levelling \nstage, after initiation of orthodontic treatment. Forty-four Pakistani patients, age \nbetween 12 to 18 years who needed pre-molar extraction for orthodontic treatment \nwere selected, which were then divided into 2 groups (A and B). Both groups had \nexperimental (Ae, Be) and placebo sides (Ap, Bp), allocated randomly for split mouth \ndesign. Group A underwent extractions first, then orthodontic treatment. However, \ngroup B underwent extractions after alignment and leveling of teeth. Gallium-Aluminum- \nArsenic diode laser (continuous-mode, wavelength 940nm) was applied on \n6points buccally and palatally, 1cm apical to the extraction socket, immediately after \nextraction. Irradiation was applied for 30seconds at each point, emitting energy of \n3joules. \nAfter extraction, pain was recorded for a week with numeric rating scale and \nwound healing was assessed clinically at baseline, 2nd, 7th and 15th day. SPSS version \n22.0 was used to analyze the data. Experimental and placebo sides were compared to \nobserve the effect of LLLT on pain and wound healing, while inter group comparison \nwas made to see the effects of prior engagement of tooth with the arch-wire, on pain \nand wound healing. Non-parametric Mann Whitney U test and Krusker Wallis test \nwere applied to compare the results amongst all the groups. Group A experienced significantly \nmore pain when compared with group B (p<0.05). The difference in pain \nbetween experimental and placebo sides in both the groups was insignificant. No significant \ndifference was observed regarding wound healing among groups. In conclusion, \nsingle visit application of LLLT did not reduce the post-extraction pain and did \nnot affect the extraction wound healing in orthodontic patients. Prior engagement of \npre-molars reduced the extraction pain, however wound healing remained unaffected.
Reflections on the identity and contribution of doctoral graduates. A work in progress

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This presentation introduces a reflective study on the identity and contribution of professional doctorate graduates. The study charts the learning journey of three professional doctorate graduates through their vignette stories. A narrative analysis highlighted a range of themes including leadership, service and responsibility to others and trust and ethical practice. These themes are considered in light of the doctorate contribution and longer term sphere of influence that the professional doctors may have. Engendering trust through the title 'Dr' seemed to be relevant. Looking at how other professions build trust in a role and title, led to consideration of the medical doctor Hippocratic Oath. A range of oaths and pledges are considered in the development of a General Hippocratic Oath for Professional Doctors (a Prof Doc Pledge) which has been included. The Prof Doc Pledge is seen as open and relevant to all doctoral graduates outside of the medical practitioner Hippocratic Oath.
Analytical multiple scattering correction to the Mie theory: Application to the analysis of the lidar signal

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The contribution of the multiple scattering to the lidar signal is dependent on the optical depth tau. Therefore, the radar analysis, based on the assumption that the multiple scattering can be neglected is limited to cases characterized by low values of the optical depth (tau less than or equal to 0.1) and hence it exclude scattering from most clouds. Moreover, all inversion methods relating lidar signal to number densities and particle size must be modified since the multiple scattering affects the direct analysis. The essential requests of a realistic model for lidar measurements which include the multiple scattering and which can be applied to practical situations follow. (1) Requested are not only a correction term or a rough approximation describing results of a certain experiment, but a general theory of multiple scattering tying together the relevant physical parameter we seek to measure. (2) An analytical generalization of the lidar equation which can be applied in the case of a realistic aerosol is requested. A pure analytical formulation is important in order to avoid the convergency and stability problems which, in the case of numerical approach, are due to the large number of events that have to be taken into account in the presence of large depth and/or a strong experimental noise.
ARTICLE Methods for Evaluating the Temperature Structure-Function Parameter Using Unmanned Aerial Systems and Large-Eddy Simulation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Small-scale turbulent fluctuations of temperature are known to affect the propaga-tion of both electromagnetic and acoustic waves. Within the inertial-subrange scale, where the turbulence is locally homogeneous and isotropic, these temperature perturbations can be described, in a statistical sense, using the structure-function parameter for temperature, C2T. Here we investigate different methods of evaluating C2T, using data from a numerical large-eddy simulation together with atmospheric observations collected by an unmanned aerial system and a sodar. An example case using data from a late afternoon unmanned aerial system flight on April 24 2013 and corresponding large-eddy simulation data is presented and discussed.
Advanced Methodologies for Adsorption/Thermal Desorption with Tenax‐TA for the Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Sulfur Compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We have evaluated an analytical method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and sulfur compounds in air by means of adsorption/temperature‐programmed thermal desorption (ATPTD) with small bed volume (0.08g) Tenax‐TA cartridges, followed by a cryogenic trap in a precolumn with liquid nitrogen as an appropriate concentration method before capillary gas chromatography is described. The enriched components from the adsorption cartridges are transferred to the capillary column with a valveless switching system. Recoveries were determined for the complete ATPTD method. Desorption recoveries near 100% were found for various of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds. The sulfur compounds known to cause nuisance odors in the atmosphere near sulfur recovery and sewerage treatment works were also determined.