jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hyperuricemia in predialysis chronic kidney disease patients in Southern Nigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Hyperuricemia has emerged as one of the nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors. Studies have shown that hyperuricemia plays a major role in the development of CVD and rapid progression of CKD to end-stage renal disease. Objective: The aim was to determine the prevalence and pattern of hyperuricemia in predialysis CKD patients attending a teaching hospital in Southern Nigeria. Methodology: One hundred and twenty consecutive predialysis CKD patients and 40 control subjects with normal renal function were recruited over 2 years. Data obtained from participants included demographics, body mass index, blood pressure reading, and etiology of CKD. Blood sampling was done for the determination of serum uric acid, creatinine, and fasting serum lipids. P < 0.05 were taken as significant. Results: The mean age of the CKD subjects was 48.8 ± 16.6 years with a male:female ratio of 1.7:1. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the CKD subjects was 47.5% and this was significantly higher than 15% observed in the control group (P ≤ 0.001). The prevalence of hyperuricemia was highest in CKD stage 3b. Hyperuricemia was more prevalent in younger predialysis CKD subjects and those with hypertensive nephropathy. There was no significant association between hyperuricemia, obesity, gender and dyslipidemia in this study. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia is highly prevalent in young predialysis CKD patients even in the early stages. Measures to reduce hyperuricemia should be put in place especially lifestyle and dietary modification.
CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF BROMELAIN WITH DEXTRAN ALDEHYDE AND ITS POTENTIAL MEDICAL APPLICATION.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to obtain a more stable and less allergic form of bromelain, an enzyme complex derived from the stem of Pineapple plant (Ananas comosus L. Merr.), via chemical modification with a polysaccharide. In order to obtain purified bromelain (enriched with protein) from comercial bromelain, protein precipitation method by alcohol was used. According to our results the protein concentration after the purification was increased by about 20%. In this work, we examine the method of bromelain's chemical modification with a water-soluble, biocompatible and biodegradable natural polysaccharide - dextran, oxidized to dextran aldehyde. For the determination of the degree of bonding gel-filtration of bromelain and modified bromelain on sephadex G-75 was performed. After gel filtration of bromelain only one fraction-peak was obtained, whereas after gel filtration of modified bromelain with dextran two fraction-peaks were obtained and the degree of protein bonding with dextran was 65±5%. The method was developed both with and without the addition of cysteine. The addition of cysteine increased the activity of modified bromelain from 50±5% to 70±5%. the pH optimum for native bromelain was 7.5, whereas for modified bromelain it was shifted towards 8.5, while the temperature optimum in both cases was 60˚C. Taking into consideration the obtained results and comparing them with literary data we suggest that modified bromelain will have much potential in medical application than currently available native product. Further research is required to test the effect of this modification on bromelain's specific pharmacological and allergic properties.
A Case of Intralabyrinthine Schwannoma with Unilateral Hearing Loss Diagnosed Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of inner ear intralabyrinthine schwannoma diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 60-year-old woman complained of a right hearing loss that had occurred suddenly 2 months earlier. Pure tone audiometry showed scale-out for the right ear and 11.3 dB for the left ear. T1-weighted MRI showed a slightly higher signal intensity than that of normal intralabyrinthine fluid in the vestibule and lateral semicircular canal. The lesion was strongly and sharply enhanced after the intravenous administration of gadolinium. A sharply delineated signal intensity loss was also seen for the same lesion on a T2-weighted MRI examination. A follow-up MRI examination performed 4 years later showed no changes from the initial images. Her hearing level also did not change, and she did not experience vertigo during the 4-year follow-up period.
Lymphocyte cytotoxicity for kidney cells in renal tubular acidosis of autoimmune liver disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sensitisation to a renal tubular antigen, Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, has been shown to be common in patients with renal tubular acidosis complicating autoimmune liver disease, and it has been suggested that this immune reaction, by damaging renal tubular cells, might be responsible for the acidification defect. The lymphocytes from 10 out of 13 patients with chronic active hepatitis or primary biliary cirrhosis and an associated renal tubular acidosis were shown to be cytotoxic for a kidney cell line known to secrete Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. The cytotoxic reaction was blocked by this antigen, but not by two other proteins, indicating that sensitisation to the renal glycoprotein was the likely cause of the target cell damage. Significant reduction in cytotoxicity after the addition of aggregated IgG suggested that the reaction was of the antibody-dependent cell-mediated type. These results, together with the finding of antigenic material in the surface membrane of liver cells that cross reacts immunologically with Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, provide an explanation for the association between chronic liver disease and renal tubular dysfunction.
Serpentine stalactite from Ubè, Yamaguchi Prefecture

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Serpentine stalactite was found from Ubè, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It looks like Favosites under scanning electron microscope. This mineral has serpentine composition and X-ray diffraction pattern of serpentine except for the lack of (00l) reflections which are characteristic peaks of serpentine minerals. High resolution electron microscopic study shows that (001) plane distances vary from crystal to crystal between about 14Å and 7.3 Å, although (020) and (110) plane distances are constant. This serpentine stalactite seems to be formed below 80°C.
Dataset dendrochronological research of timbers from the Arade 1 shipwreck (Portugal)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Tree-ring dataset in Heidelberg/text format derived from 24 timbers (22 Quercus sp. and 2 Castanea sativa) of the Arade 1 shipwreck, found at the mouth of the Arade river en Portugal. A brief report with metadata is also included. This dataset is related to the following publication: Domínguez-Delmás, M., Nayling, N., Ważny, T., Loureiro, V. and Lavier, C. (2013), Dendrochronological Dating and Provenancing of Timbers from the Arade 1 Shipwreck, Portugal. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 42: 118-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2012.00361.x Please refer to the publication for further details.
Functional Flow Simulation Based Analysis of Protein Interaction Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play fundamental roles in nearly all biological processes and differ based on the composition, affinity and lifetime of the association. A vast amount of PPI data for various organisms is available from MIPS, DIP and other sources. The identification of functional modules in PPI network is of great interest because they often reveal unknown functional ties between proteins and hence predict functions for unknown proteins. In this paper, we propose using functional flow simulation and the topology of the network for the functional module detection and function prediction problem. Our approach is based on the functional influence model that quantifies the influence of a biological component on another. We introduce a flow simulation algorithm to generate a functional profile for each component. In addition, a new clustering method FMD (Functional Module Detection) is designed to associate with functional profiles to detect functional modules. We evaluate the proposed technique on three different yeast networks with MIPS functional categories and compare it with several other existing techniques in terms of precision and recall. Our experiments show that our approach achieves better accuracy than other existing methods.
Piezo-Hall coefficients of n-type silicon

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The effect of uniaxial mechanical stress on the Hall coefficient of n-type silicon has been measured for various crystallographic orientations, and piezo-Hall coefficients P12 and P11-P44 have been derived for electron concentrations n between 1014 and 1016 cm−3 and temperatures ranging from −80 to +100 °C. In this range the piezo-Hall effect is found to be as important as the piezoresistance effect which is understood in terms of the many-valley band structure of silicon with anisotropic energy minima. For Hall plates in the (100) and the (110) plane of silicon the resulting longitudinal and transverse piezo-Hall coefficients at room temperature are plotted as a function of their orientation in the plane. It turns out that the piezo-Hall as well as the piezoresistance effects are minimized for a Hall plate in the (110) plane with the current flow roughly parallel to 〈11̄1〉.
Some observations on the effect of heat treatment on stress corrosion cracking of Hardenable Steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Martensitic stainless steels when heat treated to very high strength level have been known to be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking under substantially milder corrosive conditions, such as marine or semi-industrial atmosphere. The heat treatment, type of corrosive environments, etc. have been found to have a great influence on the cracking time. In the present paper the authors discuss the effect of tempering temperature and hardness level on the stress corrosion behaviour of 12% chromium stainless steel on the basis of tests carried out by them and the results reported in literature. Tests were conducted in acidic chloride solution containing H2S, which promotes entry of hydrogen into the steel. In such media tempering temperature was found to be very important as regards the susceptibility to cracking. Steels tempered above 600°C was found to be immune to cracking. Maximum susceptibility was found for steels tempered at temperatures between 400 and 500°C. The results have been discussed on the basis of changes in physical properties, the type of precipitated carbides and hydrogen embrittlement. (Dr. A.K. Lahiri, Scientist; Dr. T. Banerjee, Scientist; Dr. B.R. Nijhawan, Director; National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur)
Geometry of Multiprimary Display Colors I: Gamut and Color Control

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

<div>Displays that render colors using combinations of more than three lights are referred to as multiprimary displays. For multiprimary displays, the gamut, i.e., the range of colors that can be rendered using additive combinations of an arbitrary number of light sources (primaries) with modulated intensities, is known to be a zonotope, which is a specific type of convex polytope. Under the specific three-dimensional setting relevant for color representation and the constraint of physically meaningful nonnegative primaries, we develop a complete, cohesive, and directly usable mathematical characterization of the geometry of the multiprimary gamut zonotope that immediately identifies the surface facets, edges, and vertices and provides a parallelepiped tiling of the gamut. We relate the parallelepiped tilings of the gamut, that arise naturally in our characterization, to the flexibility in color control afforded by displays with more than four primaries, a relation that is further analyzed and completed in a Part II companion paper. We demonstrate several applications of the geometric representations we develop and highlight how the paper advances theory required for multiprimary display modeling, design, and color management and provides an integrated view of past work on on these topics. Additionally, we highlight how our work on gamut representations connects with and furthers the study of three-dimensional zonotopes in geometry.</div>
Effect of Ethephon Application on Seed Yield and Yield Components of Two Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Cultivars

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of present study was to determine the effects of different ethephon doses on grain yield and yield components of two faba bean cultivars. The experiment was established in 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 cropping season at Research Area of Field Crops Department, Agriculture of Faculty, Cukurova University Adana, Turkey. The field experiment was laid out in randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications on the basis split plot design with cultivars (Luz de Otono and Histal) in main plots and ethephon doses (0, 500, 1000, 1500 g ha-1) in sub plots. Plant height (cm), branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per plant, seed yield per plant (g), 100 grain weight (g), seed yield (kg ha-1) were investigated. Differences among the cultivars and ethephon applications were significant for seed yield and it varied from 1782 to 3388 kg ha-1 in the mean of the years. Seed yield also decreased with increasing ethephon doses. Seed yield was higher in 2019/2020 (3355 kg ha) than 2020/2021 (1841 kg ha-1) where low rainfed and high temperature. The present results suggested that ethephon applications at inititation of flowering were not useful for seed production of faba bean.
Influence of MRSA biofilm phenotype on resistance to antimicrobial agents

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p><span >A range of antibiotics with different modes of action were assessed for their ability to prevent biofilm formation and their activity against preformed immature and mature <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms. The ionophore antibiotics, which act against the plasma membrane, were the only group active against mature MRSA biofilms at the low concentrations of the planktonic MIC and ten times the MIC. In addition, synergistic effects were observed when ionophores were used in combination with antibiotics, including vancomycin.</span></p> <p><span >Several promising novel chemistries were also identified with activity against mature <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm phenotype, even at low concentrations of ten times the planktonic MIC or less.</span></p> <p><span >The QS signals PIA and AI-2 were investigated for their effects on biofilm formation and the biofilm phenotypic resistance. <i>agr<sup>-</sup></i> mutants had increased biofilm formation compared to wild-type <i>agr<sup>+</sup></i> strains; however, no differences in antibiotic resistance of the two biofilms were seen. On the other hand, chemically synthesised AI-2, at high concentrations, caused a reduction in biofilm formation and had a synergistic effect on biofilm phenotypic resistance.</span></p> <p><span >Nitric oxide (NO), an important eukaryotic signalling molecule, was recently found to cause the dispersal of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilms. It also caused a reduction in biofilm formation by MRSA, and its addition in the mid concentration range caused increased susceptibility of the mature biofilm phenotype. It is possible that NO induces cells within the biofilm to revert to the susceptible planktonic phenotype, although the mechanism for this is currently unrecognised.</span></p> <p><span >It is therefore concluded that the biofilm phenotype is an important contributor to the resistance of MRSA strains, and that it is possible to affect this resistance with signalling molecules. This work highlights the importance of screening new antimicrobial agents for activity against the biofilm phenotype.</span></p>
Light and temperature requirements for survival, growth and reproduction of the crustose coralline Lithophyllum stictaeforme from the Mediterranean Sea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Laboratory experiments were set up in order to assess light and temperature requirements for survival, growth and reproduction of specimens of Lithophyllum stictaeforme collected at 30–35 m depth in the NW Mediterranean. Three replicates were grown in a variety of regimes, with temperature varying from 10 to 26°C, photoperiod from 8:16 to 16:8 h light:dark, and irradiance from 5 to 75 μmol photons m -2 s -1 . Other experiments were designed to imitate seasonal changes of temperature and photoperiod, and were maintained successively in temperature and photoperiod conditions of winter, spring, summer and autumn, and each set of conditions was combined with irradiances of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 75 μmol photons m -2 s -1 . Survival of thalli depended on both irradiance and temperature, with a strong interaction between these factors. The longest survival of thalli (>5 years) was observed at 20 μmol photons m -2 s -1 combined with 10–12°C and an 8:16 h light:dark regime, while the lowest survival (<0.6 years) was observed at 75 μmol photons m -2 s -1 combined with 24–26°C and a 16:8 h light-dark regime. No marginal extension was observed in any of the culture conditions examined. The time required for reproductive structures to mature was always <1.5 years and was correlated with thallus survival; it was dependent on temperature/photoperiod and specimens living at higher temperatures released their reproductive cells earlier. In the culture conditions that simulated seasonal changes, conceptacles matured in autumn, in agreement with the behaviour of field specimens, except at 75 μmol photons m -2 s -1 , when they matured earlier due to irradiance stress.
Dependence of Company Size on Factors Influencing Bankruptcy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Research background: There is extensive empirical literature on default prediction methodologies. Many authors during the last fifty years have examined several possibilities to predict default or business failure. The reviews from the last years show that the closer the similarity of businesses, the greater accuracy of bankruptcy models. Purpose of the article: The aim of this article is finding if there exist different factors that could predict bankruptcy depending on the size of the company. Our motivation is to show if there exist differences when predicting bankruptcy according the size of the company. Methods: This paper focuses on the Czech economy, specifically at small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). It is the ongoing research about the value of several popular bankruptcy models that are often applied, namely the Altman Z-score, the Ohlson O-score, the Zmijewski’s model, the Taffler’s model, and the IN05 model. We have used logistic regression and investigated around 2 800 companies, of which 642 failed during the period 2010 – 2017. Findings & Value added: Results of the analysis confirm research hypotheses that there exist different factors which could predict bankruptcy depending on the size of the company and exploit common used financial indicators to assess the probability of bankruptcy precisely. We have found that for the segment of micro-enterprises is necessary to pay attention to liquidity and profitability. Small enterprises emphasize to leverage, liquidity and profitability while the model developed for the segment of medium-sized enterprises measures most of all leverage, liquidity and activity.
FATE OF THE MATE: THE INFLUENCE OF DELAYED GRAFT FUNCTION IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION ON THE MATE RECIPIENT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Delayed graft function (DGF) in a kidney recipient is associated with allograft dysfunction over time. Whether being a mate to a DGF recipient is associated with allograft dysfunction at one-year following transplantation is less well described, and the focus of this thesis. Methods Using a retrospective cohort design we studied the mean change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at one-year in twenty-six mates to DGF recipients (exposure group) and twenty-nine mates to non-DGF recipients (control group). Results The exposure group had a mean change in GFR of-11.2 ml/min compared to -0.4 ml/min in the control group. In a multivariable analysis, this difference was statistically significant (p-value=0.025). Conclusion In this study, being a mate to a DGF recipient was associated with allograft dysfunction at one-year following transplantation. The development of strategies aimed at preserving allograft function in this high-risk group is warranted.
Observing Defect Passivation of the Grain Boundary with 2‐Aminoterephthalic Acid for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), with their exceptional properties, show promise as photoelectric converters. However, defects in the perovskite layer, particularly at the grain boundaries (GBs), seriously restrict the performance and stability of PSCs. Now, a simple post‐treatment procedure involves applying 2‐aminoterephthalic acid to the perovskite to produce efficient and stable PSCs. By optimizing the post‐treatment conditions, we created a device that achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.09 % and demonstrated improved stability. This improvement was attributed to the fact that the 2‐aminoterephthalic acid acted as a cross‐linking agent that inhibited the migration of ions and passivated the trap states at GBs. These findings provide a potential strategy for designing efficient and stable PSCs regarding the aspects of defect passivation and crystal growth.
Surface-Induced Deep Hypothermia and Prolonged Circulatory Stasis in Dogs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Deep hypothermia (as low as 17 C.), using a surface cooling technique, was achieved in 45 dogs to provide cardioplegia for prolonged periods, thus allowing ample time for direct-vision cardiac surgery. The principal features of the technique included deep ether anesthesia, hyperventilation to achieve respiratory alkalosis, and administration of low molecular weight dextran during cooling. Cardioplegia and associated circulatory stasis was attained for periods up to 75 minutes without development of neurologic damage when a prehypothermic massive dose of hydrocortisone and selective brain cooling with cold isotonic saline solution were incorporated in the technique.
COMBINATION OF TOPICAL AND ORAL CANNABINOIDS FOR DIABETIC NEUROPATHY: A CASE REPORT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Polyneuropathy caused byDiabetes Mellitus is a frequent and prevalent complication in the population.It usually presents changes in sensitivity and, in a part of the cases, it evolved to chronic painful conditions.A growing number of publications have demonstrated the analgesic effect produced by compounds based on Cannabis Sativa derivatives.In addition to the already known central effects, we have an increase in studies related to their peripheral effects, in topical applications, both for skin lesions and for chronic painful conditions, alone or in association with oral presentations.This case report aims to demonstrate the effect of topical application of cannabinoid derivatives, as an adjunct therapy to oral oil treatment and conventional allopathic treatment.