jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Interface of Copyright and Human Rights: Access to Copyright Works for the Visually Impaired

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>Reproduction of copyright protected material in formats that are accessible to the blind and visually impaired persons constitutes a copyright infringement unless there are specific limitations and exceptions in place. Most countries do not have copyright limitations and exceptions for the benefit of the visually impaired in their copyright laws. This has contributed to the issue of book famine, meaning the unsatisfactory access to copyright protected material for the blind and visually impaired. This thesis examines the claims of the visually impaired for improved access to copyright protected works in the context of the interface of human rights and intellectual property rights. This research demonstrates that insufficient access to copyright protected material is discriminatory against the visually impaired and negatively affects their human rights such as the right to education, information, health, employment, culture, and science. Moreover, the thesis analyses the international and domestic copyright law’s impact on the needs of the visually impaired. In analysing the international copyright law, the thesis evaluates the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works by Visually Impaired Persons and Persons with Print Disabilities. Highlighting the insufficient consideration for the rights of the visually impaired in domestic and international copyright laws including the Marrakesh Treaty, the thesis proposes adoption of a human rights framework for copyright law to the extent that it affects the human rights of the visually impaired. Such framework requires copyright law to accommodate those human rights of the visually impaired that are dependent on access to copyright protected material. The thesis offers two categories of measures for creation of a human rights framework for copyright to the extent that it affects the human rights of the visually impaired. The measures include optimisation of already available options and adoption of new mechanisms. The first category discusses minimum mandatory copyright limitations and exceptions and the possibility to harmonise them. The second category covers extra measures such as clarifying the implications of different human rights and copyrights in the context of the book famine; ensuring compatibility of human rights and copyright when adopting policy and law; and, regular monitoring of the impact of copyright law on human rights.</p>
Weighted Trigonometric Regression for Suboptimal Designs in Circadian Transcriptome Studies

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Circadian transcriptome studies often use trigonometric regression to model gene expression over time. Ideally, protocols in these studies would collect tissue samples at evenly distributed and equally spaced time points over a 24‐hour period. This sample collection protocol is known as an equispaced design, which is considered the optimal experimental design for trigonometric regression under multiple statistical criteria. However, implementing equispaced designs in studies involving individuals is logistically challenging, and failure to employ an equispaced design could introduce variability in the statistical power of a hypothesis test relative to a model's phase‐shift parameter estimates. This article is motivated by the variability in power for hypothesis testing when tissue samples are not collected under an equispaced design, and considers a weighted trigonometric regression as a remedy. Specifically, the weights for this regression are the normalized reciprocals of estimates derived from a kernel density estimator for sample collection time, which inflates the weight of samples collected at underrepresented time points. A search procedure is also introduced to identify the hyperparameter for kernel density estimation that relates to maximizing the smallest eigenvalue of the Hessian of weighted squared loss, which is motivated by the ‐optimality criterion from experimental design literature. Simulation studies consistently demonstrate that this weighted regression mitigates variability in power for hypothesis tests performed with an estimated model. Illustrations with six circadian transcriptome datasets further indicate that this weighted regression consistently yields larger test statistics than its unweighted counterpart for first‐order trigonometric regression, or cosinor regression, which is prevalent in circadian transcriptome studies.
Impact of bronchial asthma on life styles in children with bronchial asthma in a tertiary care unit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory illness affecting children. It has significant impact on childhood activities and it is a major contributor towards school absenteeismObjective: To evaluate the impact of bronchial asthma on life styles in bronchial asthmatic children from a tertiary care unit, Jaffna, Sri Lanka.Method: A prospective cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in professorial paediatric respiratory clinic at Teaching Hospital Jaffna. All the children who were diagnosed as Bronchial Asthma and on inhaled corticosteroids for more than three months were recruited into the study. The data was collected by interviewer administered questionnaire.Results: Sixty children were studied during the period. The mean age of the study population is 6.8 ± 3.2 years. Among the study population 55% (n=33) were females and 45% (n=27) were males. The mean duration of steroid usage in the study population was 15.5 ± 1.5 months. Exercise induced asthma was seen in 27% (N=16). Sixty fiver percent (n=39) had good asthma control and 90% had no school absenteeism during the last 3 months. 62% of study population restricted ice cream and chilled foods irrespective of symptoms and 38% restricted bathing. Restriction of life style was initiated by the parents in 95% of the time and in 5% of children ice cream was restricted by medical practitioner.Conclusions: Life style restrictions in children were imposed mainly by parents despite having a good control of asthma.
Is Hydrogen Indispensable for a Sustainable World? A Review of H2 Applications and Perspectives for the Next Years

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Hydrogen (H2) was one of the first molecules discovered by our society, being the most abundant element in the whole universe. Thus, H2 has gained a lot of attention throughout the years, and it has lots of applications in different areas, especially since it offers ways to decarbonize a lot of sectors, mainly the ones where it has been proved to be very difficult to meaningfully reduce those carbon emissions. Herein, the main aspects of the hydrogen economy and its main applications for energy, transportation and industries are described. These main areas outline how important is H2 for our society highlighting how H2 can make those well-known processes more sustainable and greener. By the end, a brief discussion on these applications with future perspectives is presented.
Combining Metal Additive Manufacturing and Casting Technology: High Performance Cooling Channels for Electric Powertrain Components

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electric powertrain components require fluid‐based thermal management. Al hollow sections integrate in high‐pressure die casting (HPDC) promise attractive performance, but require stabilizing fillers affording costly or technically risky removal. Additive manufacturing can facilitate eliminating the filler while further increasing performance via superior material strength, plus geometrical flexibility allowing for internal structuring to enhance heat transfer. Realizing these advantages affords solutions for predicting stability of arbitrary layouts under HPDC conditions. This study compares and validates three approaches employing MAGMASOFT casting simulation individually, and in combination with finite element (FE) simulation. As basis, temperature‐dependent mechanical properties for AlSi10Mg alloy processed via laser powder bed fusion are determined between room temperature and 450 °C. Yield strength for the stress relieved material state ranges from 119.63 MPa at RT to 21.90 MPa at 450 °C. Validation of simulation methodologies is done using a test die capable of accommodating tubes of 12 mm outer diameter, with casting experiments performed using a Bühler SC/N 66 HPDC machine. Approaches based on an approximative formula fell short of those combing casting and FE simulation regarding stability limits by a margin of up to 42%. Best match with experimental data is observed for the combined approach.
P04 Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis adherence: before and after antimicrobial stewardship team impact in a south Indian secondary care hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is the major reason for antibiotic usage in secondary care hospitals. Implementing international guidelines, such as ASHP, is feasible in large tertiary care hospitals due to the presence of hospital antibiotic stewardship teams. However, it is challenging in resource-limited secondary care hospitals. The impact of antibiotic stewardship teams on SAP in secondary care hospitals is limited in the developing world. Objectives To assess the impact of the hospital’s antibiotic stewardship team on the SAP adherence in a secondary care hospital in India. Methods This prospective pre- and post-intervention study was conducted in a 200-bed South Indian secondary care hospital between May and October 2023. The hospital’s antimicrobial stewardship team (AMST), guided by an infectious disease physician, audited the case records of surgical patients, and adherence to SAP guidelines was recorded. In the pre-intervention phase (May to July 2023), no meetings occurred between the hospital surgical and antimicrobial stewardship teams, with only a few random SAP audits. In the post-intervention phase (August to October 2023), regular meetings facilitated systematic monitoring of all surgeries for SAP adherence, with data recorded in Google forms and the impact analysed using descriptive statistics. Results A total of 1520 surgeries were conducted during the study period, with 767 in the pre-intervention period and 753 in the post-intervention period. In the pre-intervention period, 281 elective clean and clean-contaminated surgeries were audited, of which 200 received antibiotics. However, only 27% received appropriate antibiotics according to SAP guidelines, with a mean duration of SAP at 6.62 days. In the post-intervention period, all 753 surgeries were audited, and 350 elective clean and clean-contaminated surgeries received antibiotics. In this phase, 57.7% of the surgeries adhered to appropriate SAP, with a mean duration of SAP at 5.89 days (Table 1). Conclusions AMST significantly improved SAP guidelines adherence, enhancing appropriate antibiotic use and reducing duration. Future efforts should focus on continuous monitoring and education for sustained improvement.
On the lizards allied to Lacerta muralis, with an account of Lacerta agilis and L. parva

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

INTRODUCTION.IN two previous contributions to these 'Transactions' f, I have dealt in detail with Lacerta muralis, and I have now extended my observations to the species that cluster around this highly polymorphic species.But, in order properly to understand the phylogenetic relationships of the members of this group, it is necessary to refer to two species belonging to another section of the genus, because 1 regard them as the most primitive, the keystone to the study of all the species of Lacerta, 'viz.Lacerta agilis,
A role for autophagolysosomes in dengue virus 3 production in HepG2 cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have recently proposed that amphisomes act as a site for translation and replication of dengue virus (DENV)-2 and that DENV-2 entry and replication are linked through an ongoing association with membranes of an endosomal–autophagosomal lineage. In this report, we present the results of an investigation into the interaction between DENV-3 and the autophagy machinery. Critically, treatment with the lysosomal fusion inhibitor l -asparagine differentiated the interaction of DENV-3 from that of DENV-2. Inhibition of fusion of autophagosomes and amphisomes with lysosomes resulted in decreased DENV-3 production, implying a role for the autophagolysosome in the DENV-3 life cycle. Evidence based upon the co-localization of LC3 and cathepsin D with double stranded RNA and NS1 protein, as assessed by confocal microscopy, support a model in which DENV-3 interacts with both amphisomes and autophagolysosomes. These results demonstrate that the interactions between DENV and the host cell autophagy machinery are complex and may be determined in part by virus-encoded factors.
The influence of the family in vocational training of students of Professional Technical Education: a need to satisfy from the professional guidance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Cuban families and their children, there are stereotypical views about the professions and vocation, which have no scientific basis, but reaching the young, who can take over and turn them into obstacles for selection and training. In this paper, a dynamic and flexible to the contribution of polytechnic center in the efficient development of the process of family influences, from career guidance, vocational training of students of Technical Education and Vocational conception argues. The concept is based on the materialist dialectic, in the socio-historical-cultural school of Vygotsky, and advances in Pedagogy of Technical and Vocational Education. It responds to a need for educational practice whose complexity deserves analysis from different research fields.
Identification of arachidonic acid metabolites extracted from human uterus, and their effects on the isolated myometrium

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Identification of arachidonic acid metabolites extracted from human uterus, and their effects on the isolated myometrium Get access G J Sanger, G J Sanger Department of Surgery, King's College Hospital Medical School, London SE5 8RX Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AD U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C N Hensby, C N Hensby Department of Surgery, King's College Hospital Medical School, London SE5 8RXDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, W12 DHS, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I F Stamford, I F Stamford Department of Surgery, King's College Hospital Medical School, London SE5 8RX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A Bennett A Bennett Department of Surgery, King's College Hospital Medical School, London SE5 8RX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 33, Issue 1, September 1981, Pages 607–610, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1981.tb13879.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 21 January 1981 Published: 12 April 2011
Quantal relations from the acoustic coupled resonators of sonorant consonants.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this talk, we discuss the quantal relations that result from the coupled resonators of sonorant consonants. We have developed three dimensional geometries for light and dark /l/’s and for retroflex and bunched /r/’s based on MRI data from several speakers. In addition, we have used a computer vocal tract program (VTAR) to develop simpler models from MRI-derived area functions for /r/’s, nasal consonants, and nasalized vowels. Our vocal tract modeling shows that zeros occur in all of these cases due to side branches. For /l/, the side branches are the result of the palatal constriction with airflow around the sides of the tongue. For /r/, the side branches are due to the large front cavity, sometimes with space under the tongue. For the nasals and nasalized vowels, zeros occur due to the coupling between the oral and nasal cavities and the paranasal sinuses. We will discuss how the frequencies of the zeros vary as a result of changes in articulatory configurations. In addition, for /r/, we will show the quantal relationship in the frequency of F3 and the relative lengths of the cavities anterior and posterior to the palatal constriction.
A BROADBAND HIGH LINEARITY CURRENT-REUSE BULK-CONTROLLED MIXER FOR 4G APPLICATIONS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A high linearity down-conversion mixer for the application of the fourth generation (4G) mobile communication systems is presented.The presented 2.3 to 5.8 GHz broadband mixer adopts current-reused and bulk-controlled techniques.The linearized transconductor stage is composed of the CMOS amplifiers and the bulk-controlled compensation (BCC) transistors.The bulk-controlled voltage is applied to adjust the threshold voltage of the BCC transistor.Thus, the equivalent third-order intermodulation (IM3) term of the CMOS amplifiers and the BCC transistors can be mitigated so as to improve the linearity.Furthermore, the current-reused architecture enhances the conversion gain of the proposed mixer and compensates the loss caused by the shunt feedback matching network.The presented mixer consumes 4.8 mA from a 1.5 V power supply.The measurement results of the mixer exhibit the maximum power conversion gain of 11.3 dB.The input third-order intercept point (IIP3) of 4.7 dBm over the entire 2.3-5.8GHz band is observed.
High‐Nuclearity Polyoxometalate‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Oxidative Cleavage of C−C Bond

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract High‐nuclearity polyoxometalate (POM) clusters are attractive building blocks (BBs) for the synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) due to their high connectivity and inherently multiple metal centers as functional sites. This work demonstrates a strategy of step‐wise growth on ring‐shaped [P 8 W 48 O 184 ] 40− precursor, which produced two new high‐nuclearity polyoxotungstates, a half‐closed [H 16 P 8 W 58 O 218 ] 32− {W 58 } and a fully‐closed [H 16 P 8 W 64 O 236 ] 32− {W 64 }. By in situ synthesis, unique MOFs of copper triazole‐benzoic acid (HL) complexes incorporating the negatively‐charged {W 58 } and {W 64 } as nodes, {Cu 11 (HL) 9 W 58 } HNPOMOF‐1 and {Cu 9 (HL) 9 W 64 } HNPOMOF‐2 , were constructed by delicately tuning the reaction conditions, mainly solution pH, which controls the formation of {W 58 } and {W 64 }, and at the same time the protonation of triazole‐benzoic acid ligand thus its coordination mode to copper ion that creates the highest nuclearity POM‐derived MOFs reported to date. HNPOMOF‐1 features 3D framework possessing cage‐like cavities filled with exposed carboxyl groups, while the inherent 2D layer‐like HNPOMOF‐2 allows for facile exfoliation into ultrathin nanosheets, and the resulted HNPOMOF‐2 NS exhibits superior activity towards photocatalytic oxidative cleavage of C−C bond for a series of lignin models. This work not only provides a strategy to build high‐nuclearity POM cluster‐based frameworks, but also demonstrates their great potential as functional materials for green catalysis.
Dissipative Particle Dynamics of Nano-Alumina Agglomeration in UV-Curable Inks

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ultraviolet (UV) ink is a primary type of ink used in additive manufacturing with 3D inkjet printing. However, ink aggregation presents a challenge in nano-inkjet printing, affecting the stability and quality of the printing fluid and potentially leading to the clogging of nanometer-sized nozzles. This paper utilizes a Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) simulation to investigate the aggregation behavior of alumina in a blend of 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). By analyzing the effects of solid content, polymer component ratios, and dispersant concentration on alumina aggregation, the optimal ink formulation was identified. Compared to traditional experimental methods, DPD simulations not only reduce experimental costs and time but also reveal particle aggregation mechanisms that are difficult to explore through experimental methods, providing a crucial theoretical basis for optimizing ink formulations. This study demonstrates that alumina ceramic ink achieves optimal performance with a solid content of 20%, an HDDA-to-TMPTA ratio of 4:1, and 9% oleic acid as a dispersant.
An energy-efficient data transfer strategy with link rate control for Cloud

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data transfer is an indispensable step that is widely involved in the maintenance and processing of Cloud data. Due to rapid growth in Cloud data, methods of reducing the huge energy consumption of data transfer in the Cloud have become a challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel energy-efficient data transfer strategy called LRCDT (Link Rate Controlled Data Transfer). By scheduling bandwidth in a link rate controlled fashion, LRCDT intends to reduce the energy consumption specifically for data transfer that does not require the maximum transfer speed, which is referred to as 'lazy' data transfer, so to achieve the energy-efficient data transfer goal in the overall term. The result in our simulation indicates that LRCDT is able to reduce energy consumption by up to 63% when compared to existing data transfer strategies.