jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Black pages in the Soviet book studies (based on the correspondence between Nikolas Rubakin and Nikolai Somov). Part 2

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The year 2017 was marked by several memorial dates: One hudred years of the Soviet library science, bibliography and book studies; the 155-th anniversary of the prominent encyclopedist, educator and the founder of bibliopsychology Nikolai (Nikolas) Alexandrovich Rubakin (1862-1946); and the 150-th anniversary of his associate and fellow-thinker, now half-forgotten bibliologist and bibliographer Nikolai Mikhailovich Somov (1867-1951). Based on the confidential correspondence between Nikolas Rubakin and Nikolai Somov (N. Rubakin’s Archive in the Manuscript Collections of the Russian State Library), the author describes unfavorable political and academic environment in the USSR in 1920s-1930s which took a heavy toll on the national book studies, library science and bibliography and result in terminating several promising trends and straining science priorities. The scientists’ attitude to the colleagues then leading in the Soviet book studies is revealed. The author concludes that the professional landscape was rather sad, but we need to acknowledge all aspects of the professional history.
Comparison of Coding DNA

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We discuss a model for the evolutionary distance between two coding DNA sequences which specializes to the DNA/protein model proposed in Hein [3]. We discuss the DNA/protein model in details and present a quadratic time algorithm that computes an optimal alignment of two coding DNA sequences in the model under the assumption of affine gap cost. The algorithm solves a conjecture in [3] and we believe that the constant factor of the running time is sufficiently small to make the algorithm feasible in practice.
Postoperative Cardiac Tamponade Produced by Thymic Hematoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiac tamponade may be encountered during the early postoperative period following open heart operations, and is a surgical emergency necessitating immediate reoperation. In such patients, there is usually an excessive amount of postoperative bleeding, accompanied by widening of the mediastinal shadow on chest roentgenogram, progressive elevation of the central venous pressure, and systemic hypotension becoming progressively more severe and less responsive to treatment. This sequence may ensue even though a large communication between the pericardial and pleural spaces was created at the time of operation, and is usually the result of an accumulation of blood and clot restricting cardiac filling. We have recently observed a child, however, in whom the clinical features of cardiac tamponade occurred following correction of the pentalogy of Fallot, and resulted from hemorrhage into the thymus gland. This cause for postoperative cardiac tamponade has apparently not been previously described.

Report of a Case

An 8-year-old girl
Protecting endangered marine species in CITES: China and selective socialization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the contemporary era, a few global North countries have been dominant actors in global environmental governance. However, as their approach has resulted in an imbalance of benefits and costs across regions, there has been an increasing effort to incorporate socio-economic and livelihoods aspects into wildlife protection strategies. Within this ongoing discussion, I explore how China, as a rising power, approached the environmental norms of protecting endangered marine species in the last decades. By tracing its policy development from 2003 to 2019, I find that China has changed its policy from challenging to reconciling and finally to reconfiguring its governance practice. Drawing upon socialization scholarship, I argue that China’s policy adaptation demonstrates selective socialization, where an actor makes issue-specific decisions involving reconciling the discrepancy between international norms and domestic interests. This study has far-reaching implications on China's potential role and influence in global governance on protecting wildlife. First, its marine biodiversity policy reaches beyond existing approaches and represents values and interests with regard to marine species. Second and relatedly, China’s socialization processes are bidirectional, generating alternative approaches to international norms within existing governance practice.
Quantitative determination of adenovirus-mediated gene delivery to rat cardiac myocytes in vitro and in vivo.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To optimize the use of modified adenoviruses as vectors for gene delivery to the myocardium, we have characterized infection of cultured fetal and adult rat cardiac myocytes in vitro and of adult cardiac myocytes in vivo by using a replication-defective adenovirus carrying the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter (AdCMVCATgD). In vitro, virtually all fetal or adult cardiocytes express the CAT gene when infected with 1 plaque-forming unit of virus per cell. CAT enzymatic activity can be detected in these cells as early as 4 hr after infection, reaching near-maximal levels at 48 hr. In fetal cells, CAT expression was maintained without a loss in activity for at least 1 week. Using in vitro studies as a guide, we introduced the AdCMVCATgD virus directly into adult rat myocardium and compared the expression results obtained from virus injection with those obtained by direct injection of pAdCMVCATgD plasmid DNA. The amount of CAT activity resulting from adenovirus infection of the myocardium was orders of magnitude higher than that seen from DNA injection and was proportional to the amount of input virus. Immunostaining for CAT protein in cardiac tissue sections following adenovirus injection demonstrated large numbers of positive cells, reaching nearly 100% of the myocytes in many regions of the heart. Expression of genes introduced by adenovirus peaked at 5 days but was still detectable 55 days following infection. Adenoviruses are therefore a very useful tool for high-efficiency gene transfer into the cardiovascular system.
Contextual and cultural differences in speaker-audience interaction in Korean political oratory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigates speaker-audience interaction in political oratory. The aims of this study are (1) to investigate the contextual and cultural differences in speaker-audience interaction in political oratory, (2) to contribute methodological innovations in the analysis of political discourse, and (3) to emphasise the practical implications of the study for real life. \nBy combining qualitative and quantitative methods, speaker’s verbal and nonverbal behaviour and audience’s behaviour (forms of response and collective behaviour) are analysed in three speech contexts of Korean presidential election 2012: acceptance speeches to the nomination as political parties’ candidates for presidential election, presidential election campaign speeches, and presidential inauguration speeches. \nIt is presented that: (1) there are close relationships between orator-audience interaction and speech contexts beyond the cultural dimensions; (2) invitation to respond is shaped by multiple layers of resources (verbal devices and nonverbal factors); (3) grammatical order is an important factor in the cultural differences in terms of the projectability of turn completion in orator-audience interaction; (4) the production of orator-audience interaction occurs by mutual respect of each other’s turn and mutual collaboration to achieve their shared goals; (5) audience behaviour has evolved through the political time periods. \nIt is argued that political speech context (i.e., the purpose of oratory, speaker-audience status, political culture and system), language, and nonverbal factors are important variables in studying speaker-audience interaction. Based on the findings, practical implications in social and political behaviour are presented. \n
[Effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation of Zusanli (ST 36) and Liangqiu (ST 34) combined with general anesthesia on pain and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic operation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TAES combined with general anesthesia is effective in reducing post-operative pain and nausea, and improving gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing laparoscopic operation.
Technology Cities in Norway: Innovating in Glocal Networks

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper compares learning, knowledge flows and innovation processes in the high-tech clusters in four small Norwegian cities, which are specialized in high-tech industries. It addresses how the clusters have developed historically with important national stimuli and engagement, examines what existing knowledge sources and innovation networks the high-tech firms use and are integrated in, and identifies which of these are particularly locally rooted vis-à-vis relying more on global pipelines. The paper underlines the importance of glocal (global and local) networks for the innovation capabilities of high-tech firms in small regional clusters. However, it also critically examines the concepts of glocal networks and “local buzz and global pipelines”, and argues in particular for the need to take into account some other types of proximities and spatial levels that directly and indirectly are focused by these concepts. Thus, the national level is found to be central in initiating the building of clusters in new industries, particularly in “resource thin” peripheral regions.
Understanding Yhwh's Threats through Modern Politics—and Vice Versa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Divine violence in the Hebrew Bible is regularly cited as primitive, irrelevant, and possibly unintelligible within a modern context. This paper presents a structural analogy between Yhwh's threats of destruction against Israel in Deuteronomy and threats against the disloyal made by the modern state. Deuteronomy expresses Yhwh's relationship with Israel in ancient Near Eastern suzerainty terms that reflect an unchallengeable demand for the vassal's undiluted loyalty. As in the treaties, this demand is backed with threats of destruction for the disloyal. Such threats are difficult to comprehend within a modern framework where loyalty demands and threats are largely illegitimate. However, the modern state provides a useful analogy because harsh state reprisals are legitimate against disloyal citizens. Contemporary examples from modern American responses to treason in the "Cold War" and the "War on Terror" illustrate the analogy with Yhwh's threatened destruction of disloyal Israel in Deuteronomy.
11 The Expression of Emotion in Instrumental Music

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The real challenge to the doggy theorists comes with instrumental music. In Immer leiser, there is a dramatic protagonist who really does seem to be expressing her emotions, but in a ‘pure’ instrumental piece of music such as Brahms's Intermezzo opus 117 no. 2, there does not seem to be anyone expressing anything. It is argued that some pieces of instrumental music, of which the Intermezzo is one, should be heard as expressions of emotion in a persona in the music. This Intermezzo can appropriately be interpreted as embodying a psychological drama, a conflict between two aspects of a person's character or two viewpoints on a situation. Interpreting it as an expression of emotion in this way helps explain why the piece strikes listeners as so profound and moving. The case is made by means of a fairly detailed analysis of the piece.
Reverse-flow theorem applied to subsonic unsteady aerodynamic forces

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Introduction N methods for predicting generalized unsteady aerodynamic forces usually do not provide identical results. Experimental methods are rarely available to verify the accuracy of predicted generalized forces for complex configuration, and the flutter analyst must rely on calculated results. Convergence criteria generally are not available to enable the user to obtain the best results from a particular numerical method. This important issue was addressed recently by Rowe and Cunningham, and in a Comment by Stark followd by a Reply by Lottati. The usual way to tackle the accuracy of the method is by applying the code on several test cases and comparing these results against results obtained by other methods of computation (see Ref. 1). Another way is to use the existing relations for the aerodynamic forces developed on the configuration in direct and reverse flow. By comparison of the obtained results computed by direct and reverse flow, it is possible to assess the accuracy of the method. The general reverse-flow theorems for lifting-surface theory may also be applied to wings that undergo harmonic oscillation. The results of Ref. 1 emphasize the wavy character of the oscillatory pressure developed on an oscillating wing. The pressure distribution displayed in Ref. 1 aimed to alert users to the possible potential difficulties in obtaining an accurate solution due to the wavy character of the aerodynamic pressure on an oscillating wing. The pressure distribution becomes extremely wavy and more difficult to predict accurately as the reduced frequency k and the Mach number M get larger values. Reference 1 defined a wave number to assess the wayiness of the pressure distribution which might be useful in the estimation of relative difficulties in predicting converged aerodynamic forces. In this Note, the reverse-flow theorem will be applied to assess the accuracy of the computed unsteady aerodynamic forces for interference configuration. The computer program used to evaluate the unsteady aerodynamic forces on the configuration is the nonplanar piecewise continuous kernel function method (PCKFM).
Structure and Stability of (HBNH)n Clusters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Structures and thermodynamic properties of the imidoboranes (HBNH) n ( n =1–16) have been investigated theoretically at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level of theory. Needle‐shaped oligomers that violate the isolated square rule were found to be more stable than cage isomers. The needle‐shaped oligomer with n =16 was predicted to be exceptionally stable at low temperature, hexamer and octamer clusters dominated the gas phase at higher temperature. The highest oligomerization degree of the spontaneous cluster fomation has been estimated. It was concluded that generation of the gas phase (HBNH) n clusters with oligomerization degree n ≧24 was viable, making these species possible intermediates involved in the gas phase generation of BN nanoparticles.
On the First Kilometer Problem of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics in Huaihua City Considering Green Development

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Huaihua has vast land and is the largest prefecture level city in Hunan Province. With abundant natural resources, it is a city with a high output of agricultural products in Hunan Province. The loss and quality of agricultural products during transportation have always been a key concern for farmers and consumers.This article analyzes the problems that exist in the first one kilometer of agricultural product cold chain logistics in Huaihua City, proposes a mobile pre cooling mode to ensure the quality of agricultural products in the first one kilometer, and conducts a simple calculation of its operational return, aiming to solve the problems of high loss and difficult quality assurance in the transportation process of agricultural products.
Negligence or Incompetence: Grounding of the CMA CGM Libra

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The casenote considers the actions of the master of the container vessel CMA CGM Libra deliberately navigating the vessel outside of the buoyed channel, resulting in its grounding. The judge decided that the master's action was negligence. The casenote argues that the master's action was incompetence, not negligence.
Influence of plant density of marigold on larval population of gram pod borer H. armigera in chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment on Influence of plant density of marigold on larval population of H. armigera in chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) was conducted at Entomology Research Farm, PGI, MPKV, Rahuri during Rabi 2019-20 to evaluate the different planting combination of chickpea (Digvijay) with marigold in a Randomized block design (RBD) with 4 replication. All treatment combination record lowest larval population and pod damage as compare to sole chickpea crop. The lowest larval population was observed in T2 Chickpea +Marigold 3 (6:2) i.e. 2.06 larvae per meter row length. In Trap cropping with marigold maximum yield (22.54 q/ha) of chickpea was obtained from Chickpea + Marigold, 6:2 ratio. The average pod damage recorded ranged between 11.18 to 17.03%.
Home Automation System Ontology for Digital Building Twin

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper dwells upon creating the ontologies for a digital building twin. The topic is home automation system ontology design. This is a modular ontology comprising set basic ontologies. The design uses the existing home automation, smart home, and Internet of things ontologies. The paper describes the classes of this subject area and their interclass relations. Ontologies greatly facilitate data exchange between the embedded models and the service programs of the digital twin, as well as between the digital twin and external agents, users or other software.
Ischemic Toes after Venous Thromboembolism: A Difficult Differential Diagnosis with Good Response to Combination Therapy—A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The obliteration of the arterial vascular system of toes is considered as a potentially catastrophic event in clinical practices. In most instances, the cessation of arterial blood flow heralds a serious underlying pathology. A definite classification of some cases is somehow difficult and subject to diagnostic challenges. The aim of the present case study is to share and discuss potentially complex and multifactorial mechanisms of some acute vascular events. In this report, we deal with a 46-year-old man with a rather gradual-onset ischemia of his toe who responded favorably to a combination of pulsed glucocorticoid and anticoagulation within a week.
The impact of pH on VLE, pervaporation, and adsorption of butyric acid in dilute solutions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Butyric acid (BA) is an intermediate product and a precursor to the production of butanol in ABE fermentation. Ideally, it would be beneficial to retain as much BA in the fermenter as possible to increase butanol productivity. In this study, experiments were performed to assess the impact of the pH of the feed solution on the separation of BA from dilute aqueous solutions using three separation methods: distillation, pervaporation, and adsorption. Results confirm that the pH of the solution, which dictates the level of BA dissociation, controls the degree of separation of BA from dilute aqueous solutions. Indeed, results show that the vapour‐liquid equilibrium (VLE) curve, the membrane selectivity, and the adsorption capacity for BA in dilute aqueous solutions decreased steadily as the pH is increased from below to above its pKa value of 4.82. The separation performance is strongly correlated with the pH of the feed solution, and, as anticipated, a pH increase reduces the level of separation for these three processes. This is advantageous for the ABE fermentation incorporating a solvent recovery process since BA would remain in the fermenter and improve the production of butanol. However, the pH cannot increase excessively as there exists an optimum pH for conducting the fermentation process such that a judicious level of pH must be sought to optimize a fermentation‐separation integrated process.
A Study of Good Predecessor Programs for Reducing Fitness Evaluation Cost in Genetic Programming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Good Predecessor Programs (GPPs) are the ancestors of the best program found in a Genetic Programming (GP) evolution. This paper reports on an investigation into GPPs with the ultimate goal of reducing fitness evaluation cost in tree-based GP systems. A framework is developed for gathering information about GPPs and a series of experiments is conducted on a symbolic regression problem, a binary classification problem, and a multi-class classification program with increasing levels of difficulty in different domains. The analysis of the data shows that during evolution, GPPs typically constitute less than 33% of the total programs evaluated, and may constitute less than 5%. The analysis results further shows that in all evaluated programs, the proportion of GPPs is reduced by increasing tournament size and to a less extent, affected by population size. Problem difficulty seems to have no clear influence on the proportion of GPPs.
Tourism intermediaries and innovation in the hotel industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the influence of tourism intermediaries on innovationin SMEs in the hotel industry from the perspective of the global value chainapproach. The paper contributes towards characterizing the changingpatterns of governance in the tourism global value chains. In addition, itprovides useful information about SMEs’innovation for tourismdestination managers. The dataset for this study comes from a survey ofhotel SMEs in Spain. The results indicate that dependence on touroperators leads to lower levels of marketing innovation, whiledependence on on-line travel agencies stimulates it. Dependence ontraditional travel agencies is observed to be associated with less productinnovation. Overall, dependence on tourism intermediaries implies lowerautonomy in a hotel’s determination of rates and margins, but canfavour innovation by means of stimulating the introduction ofinformation and communication technologies and quality standards.
Sensorless induction motor drive incorporating vector controlled scheme PWM inverter-fed with autotuning machine parameter estimation strategy

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a feasible development on a highly accurate quick response adjustable speed drive implementation for general purpose induction motor which operates on the basis of sensorless slip frequency type vector controlled sinewave PWM inverter with an automatic tuning machine parameter estimation schemes. The dynamic speed response performances for largely changed load torque disturbances as well as steady state speed vs. torque characteristics of this induction motor control implementation are illustrated and discussed from an experimental point of view.