jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CP-001 Impact of a pharmaceutical care programme focused on solid organ transplant patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background

Patient and organ survival is dependent on the use of immunosuppressant drugs. The doses are reduced several months after the surgery to low maintenance phase levels. Treatments are complex and require drug treatment monitoring.

Purpose

To analyse the impact of a Pharmaceutical Care Programme focused on solid organ transplant patients for the prevention and correction of drug-related problems (DRPs). DRPs include medication errors in the process of prescribing, dispensing or administering a drug.

Material and methods

Study design: retrospective observational study. Sample: 222 solid organ transplant patients: 94 kidney (9 with pancreas), 31 lung, 86 liver and 19 heart. The IASER method (identify, act, monitor, evaluate and results) was used as a tool to analyse and categorise the DRPs. Variables: number and type of DRP, drugs, recommended actions, acceptance and cost savings (acquisition drug cost, preparation and administration time cost, GRD cost, etc.

Results

125 DRPs were detected in 88 patients (0.5 problem/solid organ transplant patient). 60.8% of the patients were males and the average of age was 53 years (7–86). Identified by validation (71.2%) and analytical parameters (24.0%). 41.6% of DRPs reached the patient. The main problems were over dosage (24%) in kidney transplant and (8%) in liver transplant patients, the need for additional treatment (12%) in lung transplant and (1.6%) in heart transplant patients. The DRPs were categorised into safety (45.6%), indication (33.6%), effectiveness (18.4%) and adherence (2.4%). The therapeutic groups involved were mainly antibiotics (50%) and immunosuppressants (26%). 81.6% of the actions were accepted by physicians. 72% were relevant to improving patient care. The financial impact was €69,826/year saved (€38,123/year in kidney transplant, €19,106/year in lung transplant, €9,658/year in liver transplant and €2,939/year in heart transplant patients).

Conclusion

Management of complex treatments requires the involvement of all health professionals. A pharmaceutical care programme based on pharmacotherapeutic monitoring resolved DRPs in solid organ transplant patients. It improved the quality of treatment and saved money.

References and/or acknowledgements

No conflict of interest.
Combination of Candlenut (Aleurites mollucana (L.) Wild) Oil and Celery (Apium graveolens) Extract Stimulates Hair Growth: Formulation and Activity Test of Spray Preparation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hair serves both aesthetic and protective purposes. Alopecia (excessive hair loss) is frequently addressed with synthetic products that may cause adverse effects. Celery extract and candlenut oil are natural alternatives that can provide safer hair growth stimulation. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of aerosol formulations of celery extract and candlenut oil. Aerosols of celery extract and candlenut oil were formulated at concentrations of 0.1% (F1), 0.5% (F2), and 1% (F3). The total flavonoid and phenolic contents of celery extract were evaluated colorimetrically. Fatty acid composition of candlenut oil was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Acute dermal irritation test was performed by assessing erythema and edema on rabbits’ skin following spray application. The hair growth stimulating activity was assessed in vivo using rabbits. GC-MS analysis of candlenut oil revealed the main fatty acids as oleic acid (20.81%), linoleic acid (20.80%), and palmitic acid (20.79%), while celery extract contained flavonoids (50.41 ± 2.01 mg QE/g) and phenolic compounds (20.00 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g). Skin irritation test showed no erythema or edema on application of the aerosols, with a primary irritation index of 0.0 ± 0.0. The treatment groups exhibited a significant increase in hair growth compared to the control (p < 0.05), with F3 exhibiting the highest average hair growth rate of 0.64 mm/day. The results indicate that the combination of celery extract and candlenut oil can effectively stimulates hair growth without causing skin irritation, thereby substantiating its potential as a safe, natural alternative for alopecia treatment.
Parkinsonism in a recurrent cervical cancer patient: case report and review of the literature.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 49 year old woman diagnosed as a cervical cancer patient, after receiving appropriate treatment experienced metastasis in her abdominopelvic cavity. After aggressive management, she was well for a while. However, she developed to a poor condition consisting of urologic, gastroenterological, hematologic and neurologic problems just in a short time. In the course of hospital she presented one sided passive bradykinesia, resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity with controlateral suspicious CT scan of brain. She passed away soon after that.
Design and develop a portable bioprinting pen

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

3D printing is a highly promising technology with a large number of potential applications in the medical industry; ranging from development of complex biomedical devices using computer generated patient-specific anatomical data to point-of-care tissue engineering and diagnostics. Presently, with easy access to more affordable and viable printing options such as the 3D bioprinting pen, the technology is poised to find new applications in the field of regenerative medicine through the fusing of custom 3D tissue scaffolds with living stem cells to promote and enhance tissue regeneration treatments. From portability, ease of use, to cost effectiveness, precision of patterning and freedom of direct writing, the 3D bioprinting pen features a myriad of advantages over the conventional desktop bound printing devices. Exploring the design and features of the new 3D bio printing pen and comparing it with those of the existing technologies such as inkjet printers will likely open up a whole new perspective of progressing the 3D bioprinting technology. In the current market, there is a lack of biopens that print filament where hydrogels or liquid based resins are one of the most common form of materials for the biopens. The pen discussed is designed to hold and extrude thin filament. Typical 3D pen which extrude filament uses rollers to extrude the material but that method will be difficult if the filament is too thin. The designed biopen loads the filament onto a screw pin and using a stepper motor mounted on top of the pen, the screw pin will rotate and dispense the filament. The filament will pass through a heating element which will turn it into semi-molten state. This pen has potential to be one of the first 3D bio pen that extrude filament without the use of rollers and application for thin filament can be explored since thin filament allows 3D printing at a nanometre level and even more precise in printing.
Valuation of Non-Life Liabilities from Claims Triangles

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper provides a complete program for the valuation of aggregate non-life insurance liability cash flows based on claims triangle data. The valuation is fully consistent with the principle of valuation by considering the costs associated with a transfer of the liability to a so-called reference undertaking subject to capital requirements throughout the runoff of the liability cash flow. The valuation program includes complete details on parameter estimation, bias correction and conservative estimation of the value of the liability under partial information. The latter is based on a new approach to the estimation of mean squared error of claims reserve prediction.
Oxidative Cross‐Linking of Pentosans by a Fungal Laccase and Horseradish Peroxidase: Mechanism of Linkage Between Feruloylated Arabinoxylans

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The potential of a laccase from the fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus to cross‐link feruloylated soluble wheat arabinoxylans was investigated using capillary viscometry, size‐exclusion HPLC, and reverse‐phase HPLC of phenolic compounds. The laccase results were compared with those for a hydrogen peroxide/horseradish peroxidase system. The oxidants provoked an increase in viscosity of a 0.2% (w/v) arabinoxylan solution. A gel was formed after 30 min with laccase. Hydrogen peroxide was consumed rapidly before a gel could be formed. Free ferulic acid, methyl ferulate, and vanillic acid inhibited the gelation, whereas fumaric acid had no effect. This suggests that the aromatic ring, and not the propenoic chain of ferulic acid, was the initiating site for arabinoxylan cross‐linking. Ferulic acid and its 8‐ O ‐4′, 8‐5′, and 5‐5′ dehydrodimers were present in nonoxidized arabinoxylans. Upon oxidation, the 8‐8′ and 8‐5′ benzofuran dehydrodimers appeared and the 8‐ O ‐4′ and 8‐5′ dimers increased. The production of dimers was proportional to the consumption of ester‐bound ferulic acid. In cross‐linked arabinoxylans, the major dimers were 8‐5′ benzofuran, 8‐8′, and 8‐ O ‐4′, whereas the 5‐5′ dehydrodimer remained at the same level as in the nonoxidized solution.
Expression and regulation of cold shock proteins in inflammatory kidney and liver diseases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cold shock proteins have attracted considerable attention in the context of carcinogenesis given their potent roles. The participation of cold shock protein DbpB/YB-1 in the course of inflammatory diseases has only recently been described and visualized in experimental models of mesangioproliferative glomerular disease and liver fibrotic diseases. The fundamental question addressed here is whether another prominent member of the cold shock protein family, DbpA, is also regulated in mesangioproliferative disease, although it has been primarily described as protein with activities in epithelial tubular cell proliferation and differentiation. Whereas in healthy kidney tissue DbpA protein was predominantly detected in vascular smooth muscle cells a profound up-regulation of DbpA protein expression within the mesangial compartment was evidenced in human kidney biopsies diagnosed with mesangioproliferative IgA or lupus nephritis. Such a mesangial up-regulation was recapitulated in an experimental model, the anti-Thy1.1 nephritis. Given the pivotal role of PDGF-B signaling in this disease two interventions were performed, that is the application of PDGF-B neutralizing aptamers and MAPK/Erk signaling inhibitor U0126. Both interventions resulted in markedly decreased DbpA expression. Conversely, continuous PDGF-B infusion induced DbpA expression predominantly within the mesangial compartment in rats. In vitro studies of human and rat mesangial cells confirmed the PDGF-B stimulatory effect at transcript and protein levels. Notably, DbpA protein isoforms exhibit sizes of 44, 50 and 55 kDa, with predominance of the 44 kDa isoform. Conditioned cell culture medium of mesangial cells also revealed that PDGF-B induced secretion of DbpA (p50) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner occurs. Taken together, cold shock protein DbpA represents a novel target of PDGF-B signaling in mesangioproliferative glomerular disease. In inflammatory liver diseases we observed both DbpA and DbpB/YB-1 up-regulation, however with different expression patterns. Whereas DbpA over-expressing cells were identified as activated macrophages and hepatic stellate cells, DbpB/YB-1 immunopositive cells were mainly hepatic epithelial cells. This may indicate differential roles that CSP fulfill in inflammatory liver diseases: DbpA may be functional in the early phases of fibrogenesis while DbpB/YB-1 may be involved in liver regeneration and re-modeling.
Biology of Attenuated Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Recombinant Vector in Mice: Virus Fate and Activation of B- and T-Cell Immune Responses in Comparison with the Western Reserve Strain and Advantages as a Vaccine

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) strain is a candidate vector for vaccination against pathogens and tumors, due to safety concerns and the proven ability of recombinants based on this vector to trigger protection against pathogens in animals. In this study we addressed the fate of the MVA vector in BALB/c mice after intraperitoneal inoculation in comparison with that of the replication-competent Western Reserve (WR) strain by measuring levels of expression of the reporter luciferase gene, the capability to infect target tissues from the site of inoculation, and the length of time of virus persistence. We evaluated the extent of humoral and cellular immune responses induced against the virus antigens and a recombinant product (Î²-galactosidase). We found that MVA infects the same target tissues as the WR strain; surprisingly, within 6 h postinoculation the levels of expression of antigens were higher in tissues from MVA-infected mice than in tissues from mice infected with wild-type virus but at later times postinoculation were 2 to 4 log units higher in tissues from WR-infected mice. In spite of this, antibodies and cellular immune responses to viral vector antigens were considerably lower in MVA-inoculated mice than in WR virus-inoculated mice. In contrast, the cellular immune response to a foreign antigen expressed from MVA was similar to and even higher than that triggered by the recombinant WR virus. MVA elicited a Th1 type of immune response, and the main proinflammatory cytokines induced were interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Our findings have defined the biological characteristics of MVA infection in tissues and the immune parameters activated in the course of virus infection. These results are of significance with respect to optimal use of MVA as a vaccine.
Contractor's Environmental Impact Assessment: Adgoshu-Humera-Lugdi Road Upgrading Project, Ethiopia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Here discussed in detail are the methodology of identifying and evaluating in advance any effect, mainly negative, which results from the implementation of a proposed road upgrading project in Ethiopia, any change to the environment or to its component that may affect human health or safety, flora, fauna, soil, air, water, climate, etc. With a review of the Ethiopian environmental policies and legislative framework, the penman presents the impending different types of environmental impacts of the road upgrading project.
Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Hexadentate Picolinic Acid Based Bispidine Ligands

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The synthesis and CuII, NiII, ZnII, CoII, and GaIII coordination chemistry of the two isomeric hexadentate N5O ligands 6-[[9-hydroxy-1,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-7-methyl-6,8-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-yl]methyl]picolinic acid (Hbispa1a) and 6-[[9-hydroxy-1,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-7-methyl-2,4-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-yl]methyl]picolinic acid (Hbispa1b), picolinic acid-appended bispidines, are described. The two ligands are highly preorganized for octahedral coordination geometries and are particularly well suited for tetragonal symmetries, i.e., for Jahn-Teller labile ground states. This is confirmed by all data presented: solid-state structures, solution spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and CuII complex stabilities. Differences in the preorganization of the two isomers for the Jahn-Teller labile CuII centers are thoroughly analyzed on the basis of the crystal structures and an angular-overlap-model-based ligand-field analysis.
No‐Tillage Reseeding Enhances the Restoration of Degraded Alpine Meadows by Regulating Plant Soil and Bacterial Communities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Soil tillage management is one of the effective measures to restore degraded terrestrial ecosystems; however, the responses of soil and plants to different tillage management in severely degraded alpine meadows have not been well addressed. In this study, three typical native grass species were planted in a degraded alpine meadow using two tillage management measures: the no‐tillage reseeding (RG) and the cultivated grassland (CG). Soil and plant physicochemical properties, along with soil bacterial community structure, were analyzed. Results showed that the coexistence of Cyperaceae and Gramineae in no‐tillage reseeding increased community diversity and shifted dominance from poisonous weeds to desirable functional groups, compared with cultivated grassland and severely degraded alpine meadows. No‐tillage reseeding enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and soil microbial biomass carbon (SMC), microbial nitrogen (SMN), and microbial phosphorus (SMP) more effectively than cultivated grassland. These improved soil physicochemical properties (particularly soil water content and bulk density) served as key drivers shaping the bacterial communities. Specifically, no‐tillage reseeding enriched carbon cycle‐related functional groups, reduced nitrogen cycle‐related groups, and promoted a more stable plant‐bacterial bipartite network characterized by higher numbers of nodes and links, as well as more positive interactions. Notably, the regulatory effects of no‐tillage reseeding on bacterial communities and functions were directly mediated by soil properties, and were independent of plant community changes. Our findings reveal that no‐tillage reseeding restores degraded alpine meadows via a soil‐centered mechanism: by minimizing disturbance to improve soil structure and nutrient availability, which in turn optimizes plant community structure and bacterial community stability. This process‐based understanding provides a scientific basis for developing effective management strategies for degraded alpine ecosystems.
A neat way out of social assistance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Original title: Verzorgd uit de bijstand \n \nIn recent decades, the emphasis in the Dutch social assistance benefit \nsystem has shifted from income support to reintegration into the labour \nprocess. As part of this shift, there has been a stronger focus on the \nobligations of benefit recipients to balance the entitlements. Recently, for \nexample, it was proposed that the language requirements in the Work and Social \nAssistance Act (Wet werk en bijstand) be tightened up. There have also been \nrecent proposals that social assistance beneficiaries should have their benefit \ncut if they arrive late or poorly turned out for mandatory job interviews. \nThese proposals prompted the Netherlands Institute for Social Research/SCP to \ncarry out this exploratory study. Interviews were conducted with case managers \nfrom municipal social service departments and employers who have taken on \npeople in receipt of social assistance benefit. Based on the findings, this \nreport describes the nature and backgrounds of the problems in relation to the \nbehaviour, appearance and language of social assistance beneficiaries who are \nreceiving route counselling to help them find work. The study also provides an \ninsight into how case managers deal with these complex issues. What scope do \nthey see for steering their clients on this point, and does it make sense to \nimpose sanctions in order to help them find 'a neat way out of social \nassistance'? \n \nMore information: \n \n \nTopics: social \nsecurity, labour
New Phototubes and Photomultipliers Resistive against High Magnetic Fields

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The energy of particles in recent high energy physics experiments has been increasing, so that detector apparatus is inevitably placed in high magnetic field environment. Therefore new photodetectors are required which, unlike conventional photomultipliers, are inherently insensitive to high magnetic fields. We have developed four types of new photodetector for the use in high magnetic fields: a one-atm. xenon filled phototube, a rectangular vacuum photodiode, a one-stage photomultiplier and a photomultiplier with fine-mesh dynodes. Each of them is specially designed on the basis of the analysis of the behavior of electrons in electromagnetic fields and is capable of stable operation in magnetic fields as high as several kilogauss or more.
The Perception of Babylonia in the Historical Memory of the Assyrians: Between Evocation and Negation, and its Reflections in the Urbanization of the Imperial Seats

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A visible line, sometimes fine and sometimes more well-defined, connects the developments of Assyrian architectural and figurative culture between the late second and much of the first millennium bc to that of its eternal 'rival' in Mesopotamia, Babylonia and its capital. The fortunes of Babylonia in the historical memory of the Assyrians seem to have a double and contrasting image: that of a model to aspire to and even supersede, and that of its annihilation to ensure that it was permanently forgotten, though this in fact turned out to be fairly ephemeral. The urbanistic and architectural layout of the largest buildings of the Neo-Assyrian period, between the eighth and seventh centuries bc, reflects the former of the two perceived images of Babylonia and is expressed powerfully in the activities of the sovereign perhaps most inspired by this 'model', Sargon II, in an ideological and political synthesis that enriches its significance, expressed through that powerful means of visual communication that is the urban landscape of the royal seat in the broad sense. The construction of the double image, so to speak, of the capital of Babylonia pervades, with conflicting intentions, the construction and political projects of later Neo-Assyrian sovereigns, from the total destruction by Sennacherib on the one hand to the unavoidable evocations, in the palatial spaces of his palace at Nineveh, of the innovative developments enacted at Khorsabad by his direct predecessor on the other; up to the reparatory and perhaps cathartic mission, of strong symbolic significance, with Esarhaddon and to an even greater extent the last famous sovereign of the dynasty, of the 'reconstruction' of the Chaldean capital. A similar dimension, though with far slighter traces, can be outlined for some features of formal language and for some choices in the production of figurative works and the message that these are intended to convey. The artistic culture and visual communication are affected by a new 'climate' that during the second millennium bc pervades the entire Near East. This is a system broadened with respect to the past, extending outside Mesopotamia and increasingly large and well-organized, of cultural influences connected to the network of economic relations. These dynamics affecting the Near East from Elam to Egypt to Anatolia also see the participation, with alternating fortunes, of Ashur and Babylonia. The relationship and memory between the permanent past of the great Babylonia and Ashur takes the form of a permanent conflict between evocation and negation.