jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The influence of bulbospinal monoaminergic pathways on sympathetic nerve activity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. Spontaneous and reflex activity was recorded from renal and splanchnic nerves and thoracic white rami during discrete electrical stimulation within the medulla oblongata of anaesthetized cats. 2. Inhibition or excitation of spontaneous sympathetic nerve activity was obtained from several medullary regions. 3. The long‐circuited reflex elicited in renal nerves and the spinally mediated reflex discharge produced in white rami by single shock stimulation of intercostal nerves were inhibited by stimulation within the sympatho‐inhibitory areas of the medulla. 4. Activation of spontaneous sympathetic nerve activity or inhibition of spontaneous and reflex sympathetic nerve activity was obtained during electrical stimulation within the lateral funiculi of the cervical spinal cord in unanaesthetized decerebrate cats, spinalized at C1. 5. There was a correlation between the position of some sympatho‐inhibitory regions of the medulla and spinal cord and the position of the cell bodies and axons of descending monoamine‐containing neurones. 6. Intravenous administration of the precursor of noradrenaline, L ‐DOPA, to unanaesthetized decerebrate cats, spinalized at C1, was followed by a depression of spontaneous activity in renal nerves and reflex responses elicited in renal nerves and white rami. 7. Similarly the precursor of 5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HTP, caused a depression of reflex activity elicited in renal nerves and white rami, but had no effect on spontaneous renal nerve activity. 8. It is suggested that there exist both noradrenergic and tryptaminergic pathways which descend to the spinal cord from the medulla and which are inhibitory to sympathetic outflow.
Pain and Distress in Inpatient Children According to Child and Mother Perceptions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study aimed to examine the associations between pain experiences in children with respect to self-perceptions and mother perceptions and stress indicators. The study sample included 30 hospitalized children of 6-12 years of age and the children’s mothers. The Faces Scale-Revised, Child Stress Scale, and Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults instruments were used. A data analysis is performed via descriptive statistics and correlation analyses. The results showed that higher pain intensities in children was associated with higher stress, psychological and psychophysiological reactions in children. Higher pain intensities in children also increase mothers’ perceptions of pain in children. Seventy percent of the mothers studied in the sample presented clinical indicators of stress. Psychological support during child hospitalization should address the management of pain and stress in children and stress in mothers.
Spontaneous testicular tumor regression: case report and historical review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Spontaneous regression of a primary testicular germ-cell tumour (GCT), over time known as 'Burned out', 'Shrinking Seminoma', 'pT0', 'Burnout' or 'Spontaneous Regression', is an uncommon, generally metastatic phenomenon, which may present elevated tumour markers and a suspicious testicular ultrasound image. The histological study of the testicle demonstrated morphological changes of complete or partial tumour regression and found fibrous scarring and other characteristic changes of this phenomenon, which in some cases include vestiges of GCT. There are few publications on testicular GCT tumour regression and those that exist present limited data on the biology of the disease and its etiopathogenesis. This entity was recently recognised in the latest edition of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Classification of Tumours. We present our clinical, imaging, laboratory, cytohistological and management experience, as well as a historical review of the literature.
Quantitative assessment of pregnancy outcome following recurrent miscarriage clinic care: a prospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To measure pregnancy outcome following attendance at a recurrent miscarriage service and identify factors that influence outcome. Design Prospective, observational electronic cohort study. Setting Participants attending a specialist recurrent miscarriage clinic, with a history of two or more pregnancy losses. 857 new patients attended over a 30-month period and were invited to participate. Participant data were recorded on a bespoke study database, ‘Tommy’s Net’. Participants 777 women consented to participate (90.7% of new patients). 639 (82%) women continued within the cohort, and 138 were lost to follow-up. Mean age of active participants was 34 years for women and 37 years for partners, with a mean of 3.5 (1–19) previous pregnancy losses. Rates of obesity (maternal: 23.8%, paternal: 22.4%), smoking (maternal:7.4%, paternal: 19.4%) and alcohol consumption (maternal: 50%, paternal: 79.2%) were high and 55% of participants were not taking folic acid. Outcome measures Biannual collection of pregnancy outcomes, either through prompted self-reporting, or existing hospital systems. Results 639 (82%) women were followed up. 404 (83.4%) reported conception and 106 (16.6%) reported no pregnancy, at least 6 months following registration. Of those that conceived, 72.8% (294/404) had a viable pregnancy. Maternal smoking and body mass index (BMI) over 30 were significantly higher in those who did not conceive (p=0.001) Conclusions Tommy’s Net provides a secure electronic repository on data for couples with recurrent pregnancy loss and associated outcomes. The study identified that subfertility, as well as repeated miscarriage, maternal BMI and smoking status, contributed to failure to achieve live birth. Study findings may enable comparison of clinic outcomes and inform the development of a personalised holistic care package.
Chemical Elements in Soils Under Cattle Pens

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In cattle feedlots, the manure builds up and to some extent becomes incorporated into the soil profile through downward leaching and the stirring action created by the cattle. The object of this study was to measure the extent of build‐up of certain chemical elements resulting from the cattle wastes within the soil profile (Felda fine sand) in a cattle feedlot after 10 and 15 y. Soil samples were taken at 15‐cm increments from the soil surface to a depth of 137‐cm. Results indicated most of the increase of elements occurred near the soil surface. Within the soil profiles, the magnitude of increase of the chemical measurements compared with the control profile after 10 and 15 y were as follows, respectively: Mg, 23 and 39 times the amount in the control profile; P, 50 and 95; Ca, 11 and 29; K, 133 and 85; Mn, 4.4 and 9.5; Fe, 1.4 and 1.3; Cu, 2.5 and 4.2; soluble salts, 5.9 and 8.6; and percent organic matter, 1.6 and 5.1 times the amount in the control profile. The range of soil pH values increased from 3.6 to 4.7 for the control; from 7.8 to 9.1 after 10 y, and from 8.3 to 8.7 after 15 y.
Nested Threshold Autoregressive (NeTAR) Models for Studying Sources of Nonlinearity in Streamflows

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Historical development of nonlinear stochastic modeling of streamflows is discussed. Physical considerations and graphical investigations of daily streamflows revealed that air temperature and state of basin storage are the most important sources of nonlinearity in catchments with seasonal snow accumulation. The average temperature for the preceding three days, and the flow one or two days earlier were adequate proxies for the temperature and storage conditions of a catchment. The Nested Threshold Autoregressive (NeTAR) model, which considers these sources of nonlinearity simultaneously, was applied to two years of daily flows of the Oldman River near Brocket in Alberta, Canada. A third year of daily data was used for validating the model. The final NeTAR model provided useful insights into the dynamics of this streamflow system.
THE IMPACT OF PEER FEEDBACK ON HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS’ ORAL PRESENTATION: A CASE STUDY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Peer feedback on oral presentation is still an unexplored area. Much research has been conducted on peer feedback in various teaching and learning contexts, only a few about how peer gives feedback on his/her partner’ oral presentations. The study described here focuses using peer feedback on oral presentations. Analyzing data from semi-structured interviews, this case study investigated impact of giving peer feedback on oral presentations used by English as Foreign Language (EFL) college students on other student’s oral presentation tasks. Data analysis revealed that the peer gave oral feedback mainly focused on content-related criteria (quality of introduction, structure, and conclusion). Most of the peers focused on the nature of the delivery (eye-contact, vocal delivery, enthusiasm, interaction with the audience and body-language), and a few focused on a general quality and on the design of the students’ PowerPoint (PPT) slides.
The /run Virtual File System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As the ARTIK runs, the kernel manages its processes via the /proc directory. There are other state-dependent issues and runtime data structures that need to be maintained but which are not processes. These data structures, logs, files, and various other components are gathered together into the /run directory so they avoid cluttering up the rest of the file system. The Linux file system is becoming much better managed and things are being moved to better locations. You will see the /run directory change as things are moved around within the virtual file systems in future operating system releases.
POLYOSTOTIC MELORHEOSTOSIS OF HAND - A RARE CASE REPORT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Melorheostosis is a rare sclerosing skeletal dysplasia affecting bones of the appendicularskeleton. Radiography shows the characteristic dribbling candle wax appearance and streakyendosteal bone formation. Soft tissue calcification and even ossification may rarely be seen.Radiological appearance forms the basis of the diagnosis, as clinical and histological findings arenon-specific. This is the first reported case of melorheostosis in this part of the country among theliterature known to us. We present a case report of a 26 year old woman, who was diagnosed withmelorheostosis affecting the left hand. The purpose of this case report is to describe the presentationof the disease and the principles of treatment, because the patients symptoms vary considerably inmelorheostosis and consequently their treatment should be individualized.
The Counseling Group of Anger Management and Social Skills Training Techniques to Reduce Physical Aggression Behavior

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Adolescent development aspects that must be attain in overcoming problems are having emotional maturity, intellectuality and awareness of social responsibility so it is not to trigger new conflicts. However, the reality is conflict that often occur in dealing with a problem tend to appear negative behavior, especially physical aggressive behavior. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of group counseling of anger management techniques and social skills training techniques to reduce physical aggression in junior high school students. A total of 21 students were involved in experimental research using randomized pretest posttest comparison group design. The analysis of the results of Wilcoxon and Kruskal Wallis shows that group counseling of anger management techniques, social skills training techniques and a combination of the two techniques are effective in reducing students' physical aggression behavior. Combining anger management and social skills training group counseling techniques are more effective in reducing students' physical aggression behavior compared to the self-management technique group and social skills training. This study recommends the integration of anger management techniques and social skills training techniques to reduce physical aggression in junior high school students.
Encountering Occupy London: Boundary Making and the Territoriality of Urban Activism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper I examine the practices of encountering of Occupy London, and argue that they provide a means for rethinking the production of territoriality. Specifically, I argue that boundary making not only involves hierarchical relations of power-over but also the articulation of bottom-up power-to. I first examine literature on boundary making, and propose encountering as a more appropriate vocabulary to represent this practice in the context of urban activism. I then conceptualise encountering as the articulation of power-to, a moment in the production of territoriality from below, bringing together Holloway's dialectical understanding of power and Lefebvre's writings on territorial autogestion and urban encounters. In the remainder of the paper I examine practices of encountering in Occupy London on the basis of militant research with the movement that combined ethnography, interviews, and archive analysis. The paper focuses on the spaces of the General Assembly and the protest camp, exploring how encounters were productive of new social relations and highlighting key tensions. In particular I note the inevitable ephemerality of activist encounters and tensions over institutionalising encounters, and I end by calling for greater attention to the power relations involved, warning against assumptions that encounters of power-to necessarily lead to positive outcomes.
Preventive effect of Chyavanprash against steroid induced cataract in the developing chick embryo

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The anticataract potential of Chyavanprash, a popular herbal formulation of India was investigated in hydrocortisone-induced cataract in the developing chick embryo. Aqueous extracts of Chyavanprash (3% and 10%) were applied at 3, 10 and 20 h after hydrocortisone administration. The incidence of advanced opacity (stage 4 and 5) was 33% after treatment with 3% extract, and 16.5% after treatment with 10% extract, compared with 96.6% in the control group. The aqueous extracts (3% and 10%) significantly prevented depletion of glutathione. Levels were 1.8 ± 0.22 and 1.96 ± 0.33 μmol/g wet weight of lens, respectively compared with 1.06 ± 0.073 in the control group. In conclusion Chyavanprash, which is widely used in India as an anti-aging formula, provides significant protection against HC-induced cataract in the developing chick embryo. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Contribution of Tourism to Economic Growth in Thua Thien Hue Province (Vietnam)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of tourism to economic growth in the Thua Thien Hue province during the period of 1997–2011. We used the growth of real gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of economic growth and then disaggregated it into economic growth generated by tourism and that generated by other industries. First, the paper presents a methodology for measuring the contribution of tourism to the economy of Thua Thien Hue and, second, we examined the impact of earnings from tourism on the economic growth (GDP) in the Thua Thien Hue province. We used unit root test, cointegration theory, error correction model (ECM) and Granger causality test in order to identify the relationship between tourism and GDP, both in long and short runs. Findings conclude that, tourism is one of important reason of economic growth in the Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. The results of this study suggest that government should focus on economic policies to promote tourism as a potential source of economic growth in that province in the Vietnam.
THE ELECTRIFICATION OF CLOUD DROPLETS IN NON-PRECIPITATING CUMULI

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The magnitude and character of the electrification of natural cloud-droplets have been investigated. Measurements of the electric field at the surface of non-precipitating clouds show that, as a whole, they are electrically neutral to a good approximation. New airborne apparatus was designed and built to reveal the detailed electrical distribution by separating the electricity carried by the larger droplets from that on the surrounding small particles or air. Measurements in different types of clouds show that the electric charges carried by the cloud elements are large. In warm swelling cumuli at 4,500 feet, the measurements show the following distribution of charge: a. On large cloud-drops centrifuged out and estimated greater than 10 microns diameter Charge usually positive, approximately +3.8 × 10−6 e.s.u. cm−3. b. On air and tiny drops collected by ion collector, drops estimated less than 10−2 microns diameter Charge usually negative, approximately −6.1 × 10−6 e.s.u. cm−3. c. On small cloud-drops missed by both centrifuge and ion collector, estimated to lie between 10−2 and 10 microns diameter. Charge taken as algebraic sum of items (a) and (b), since electric field measurements show cloud is neutral; +2.3 × 1O−6 e.s.u. cm−3. From these data, the average charge on each of the larger cloud-droplets was estimated to approximate 32 elementary positive units. The centrifuge and the ion filter of the new cloud-analyzer usually capture charges of opposite sign. The measurements emphasize the fundamental electrical character of natural clouds and suggest their stability may be related to electrification.
Analysis of effective storage time to deteremine the quality of milk usingsimple additive weighting method

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Milk is the result of livestock protein that is often consumed by the community, to produce quality milk and can be consumed by the community needed process of milk storage or pasteurization. The purpose of pasteurization is to kill the germs is in milk with as minimum possible loss of nutrients and Maintain optimally physical properties and image of fresh milk, for that required decision-making techniques. Techniques used to analyze in a Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). The process of analyzing using Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method is done by searching the weight value for each attribute, then doing the ranking process that will determine the optimal alternative in determining the quality of milk content based on the criteria used. The final result from the results of analysis conducted by simple additive weight method states that the milk is still feasible consumed by the community based on the old storage process is 21 hours. At room temperature 27.50 ° C and milk is heated at 65 ° C for 30 minutes.
SIMSCRIPT II.5 tutorial

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Two modelling concepts - processes and resources - have been added to the SIMSCRIPT II.5 “world-view.” From a conceptualization viewpoint, it is sometimes convenient to view a system as a collection of processes. A process may be thought of as a sequence of related events separated by lapses of time, either predetermined or indefinite. Indefinite delays may be caused when conditions do not permit the process to proceed.This tutorial is intended to give an overview of modelling and programming in SIMSCRIPT II.5. Selected case studies will be used to illustrate the use of SIMSCRIPT's fundamental “building blocks,” first in formulating a model and then putting it in machine-readable form. The emphasis is on concepts.
The Early Patronage of the Cult of SS. Boris and Gleb

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper examines the patronage of the cult of SS. Boris and Gleb through the reign of Volodimir Monomakh (r. 1113–1125) by using textual criticism, memory studies, and works on medieval Christian materiality. It revisits the chronology of the main texts on SS. Boris and Gleb (the Primary Chronicle , two hagiographical tales and Nestor’s Lesson concerning the life and murder of the saints); the Primary Chronicle contaminated the hagiographical works that were written under Monomakh. This textual analysis offers a new perspective on the patronage of the cult. There were many factors that stimulated the emergence of the cult in the 1070s, including the threat of nomadic raids, inter-princely conflicts, and the aspirations of clerical communities to enhance their spiritual glory, augment their wealth, and address issues of historical memory. The promotion of the cult was therefore a collective effort of the princely and clerical elites. Among the clerical promoters of the cult were the metropolitan’s see, monastic communities, and the local clergy in Smolensk and Vyshhorod. The patronage of the cult crossed institutional boundaries as different groups of patrons promoted their interests during the commemoration of the royal martyrs. Royalty sponsored the building and decoration of churches dedicated to the saints. The metropolitan’s see initiated the gathering of information on miracles performed by the saints, organised their liturgical commemoration, and used the cult for mediating princely politics. The cult was also affected by a revision of the memory of Iaroslav Volodimirovich (r. 1019–1054) during the reign of his grandson Volodimir Monomakh. As part of this revision, monastic hagiographers created stories about Iaroslav establishing and patronising the cult of the saints. The myth of Iaroslav’s patronage validated Monomakh’s commemorative activities and appealed to other descendants of Iaroslav as potential sponsors of the cult.
J. A. Gruys: The Early Printed Editions (1518–1664) of Aeschylus. A Chapter in the History of Classical Scholarship. (Bibliotheca Humanistica & Reformatoria, 32.) Pp. 356; 11 plates. Nieuwkoop: De Graaf, 1981. fl. 95.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

J. A. Gruys: The Early Printed Editions (1518–1664) of Aeschylus. A Chapter in the History of Classical Scholarship. (Bibliotheca Humanistica & Reformatoria, 32.) Pp. 356; 11 plates. Nieuwkoop: De Graaf, 1981. fl. 95. - Volume 32 Issue 2
Refining Genotypes and Phenotypes in KCNA2-Related Neurological Disorders

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Pathogenic variants in KCNA2, encoding for the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.2, have been identified as the cause for an evolving spectrum of neurological disorders. Affected individuals show early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, intellectual disability, and movement disorders resulting from cerebellar dysfunction. In addition, individuals with a milder course of epilepsy, complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia, and episodic ataxia have been reported. By analyzing phenotypic, functional, and genetic data from published reports and novel cases, we refine and further delineate phenotypic as well as functional subgroups of KCNA2-associated disorders. Carriers of variants, leading to complex and mixed channel dysfunction that are associated with a gain- and loss-of-potassium conductance, more often show early developmental abnormalities and an earlier onset of epilepsy compared to individuals with variants resulting in loss- or gain-of-function. We describe seven additional individuals harboring three known and the novel KCNA2 variants p.(Pro407Ala) and p.(Tyr417Cys). The location of variants reported here highlights the importance of the proline(405)–valine(406)–proline(407) (PVP) motif in transmembrane domain S6 as a mutational hotspot. A novel case of self-limited infantile seizures suggests a continuous clinical spectrum of KCNA2-related disorders. Our study provides further insights into the clinical spectrum, genotype–phenotype correlation, variability, and predicted functional impact of KCNA2 variants.