jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Secured and Decentralized System for e-voting with Hybrid Cryptography and Blockchain

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Electronic voting is an efficient way of conducting the voting process, which has the characteristics of real-time data and massive data and demands high security. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for electronic voting that utilizes decentralized network architecture with Blockchain and Hybrid cryptography techniques. Our system aims to address the challenges faced in administering EVMs and ensuring high security in strong rooms, which can lead to privacy and security flaws in the voting system. Our proposed model utilizes a wireless mesh topology to enlist vote details and modernize the chain of blocks, resulting in improved data confidentiality and reduced human resources. A customized UDP packet structure is designed to avoid port scanning and network traces, while the use of port numbers is eliminated for increased security. We also incorporate a three-layer encryption stack for secure key exchanges, which ensures perfect forward secrecy and an uncompromised state of the packet. By reducing the number of threads needed for Transport layer Protocol (TCP) connections; our proposed model improves the speed and security of the existing architecture. Overall, our approach offers a highly secure and efficient electronic voting system that meets the demands of secrecy, accuracy, and neutrality in the process of voting and counting. Our proposed system has the potential to prevent poll rigging by trespassers, ensuring a fair and trustworthy electoral process.
A course on humanitarian law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

From 4 to 9 November 1974, a group of army officers attended at ICRC headquarters a study course on the Geneva Conventions and on the work of the International Committee of the Red Cross. The purpose of the course was to train officers with the object of entrusting them later on with the task of disseminating knowledge of the Geneva Conventions among members of the armed forces in their own country.
Comparison of propranolol, diltiazem, and nifedipine in the treatment of ambulatory ischemia in patients with stable angina. Differential effects on ambulatory ischemia, exercise performance, and anginal symptoms. The ASIS Study Group.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Episodes of transient myocardial ischemia during ambulatory activities are common in patients with stable coronary artery disease and who are often asymptomatic. Selection of therapy for episodes of asymptomatic ischemia is limited by a lack of direct comparative studies. To determine the most effective monotherapy for patients with stable angina and a high frequency of asymptomatic ischemic episodes, propranolol-LA (mean daily dose, 293 mg), diltiazem-SR (mean daily dose, 350 mg), nifedipine (mean daily dose, 79 mg) were each compared with placebo, each for 2 weeks, in a randomized, double-blinded, crossover trial. Entry criteria were a positive exercise treadmill test during placebo therapy characterized by 1.0 mm or more ST segment depression and angina pectoris, and six or more episodes of transient ST segment depression of 1.0 mm or more on a 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram. One hundred ninety-four patients were screened, 63 were eligible and received randomized therapy, of which 56 patients completed at least two of the four treatment periods and were included in an intent-to-treat analysis. Fifty patients completed all four treatment phases and were included in the protocol-completed analysis. Anti-ischemia efficacy was assessed by 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, exercise treadmill tests, and anginal diaries. Ninety-four percent of all episodes of ambulatory ischemia were asymptomatic. Compared with placebo, only propranolol was associated with a marked reduction in all manifestations of asymptomatic ischemia during ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring (2.3 versus 1.0 episodes/24 hr; mean duration of ischemia per 24 hours, 43.6 versus 5.7 minutes; both p less than 0.0001). Diltiazem's reduction of the frequency of episodes compared with placebo (2.3 versus 1.9 episodes/24 hr) was associated with a trend (p = 0.08) in the protocol-completed analysis and with a significant reduction in the intent-to-treat analysis (p = 0.03). Nifedipine had no significant effect on any measured variable of ambulatory ischemia. The dosages of medication used may have been excessive for some patients, and a more beneficial effect may have been evident at a lower dose. In contrast to the marked effects of the active agents on ambulatory asymptomatic ischemia, the effects on exercise performance and angina pectoris were slight. The active agents modestly improved treadmill exercise duration time until 1 mm ST segment depression (3%), and only propranolol and diltiazem had significant effects. Only diltiazem significantly prolonged the total exercise time. Anginal frequency was significantly decreased by both propranolol and diltiazem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Chapter 4. The Politics Of The Ex Ante Evaluation Of Legislation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ex ante evaluation of legislation is an off spring of the rational model of decision-making. Ex ante evaluation of legislation and its subcategories of evaluation like regulatory impact assessment (RIA) reflect the concept of formal rationality. Programme evaluation and its cousin ex ante evaluation of legislation are inherently and unavoidably political. This chapter therefore, explores the functions and requirements of ex ante evaluations as part of the political process. On the basis of the analytical distinction between information deficits and information asymmetries using concepts of principal agent theory, the potential benefits and limitations of ex ante evaluations in the political process are examined. The chapter concludes with some reflections on ex post evaluation. Keywords: ex ante evaluations; information deficiencies; regulatory impact assessment (RIA)
Tobacco Regulation and Cost-Benefit Analysis: How Should We Value Foregone Consumer Surplus?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Recent tobacco regulations proposed by the Food and Drug Administration have raised a thorny question: how should the cost-benefit analysis accompanying such policies value foregone consumer surplus associated with regulation-induced reductions in smoking? In a model with rational and fully informed consumers, this question is straightforward. There is disagreement, however, about whether consumers are rational and fully informed, and the literature offers little practical guidance about what approach the FDA should use if they are not. In this paper, we outline the history of the FDA's recent attempts to regulate cigarettes and other tobacco products and how they have valued foregone consumer surplus in cost-benefit analyses. We advocate replacing the approach used in most of this literature, which first calculates health gains associated with regulation and then "offsets" them by some factor reflecting consumer surplus losses, with a more general behavioral public finance framework for welfare analysis. This framework applies standard tools of welfare analysis to consumer demand that may be "biased" (that is, not necessarily rational and fully informed) without requiring specific assumptions about the reason for the bias. This framework would require estimates of both biased and unbiased consumer demand; we sketch an agenda to help develop these in the context of smoking. The use of this framework would substantially reduce the confusion currently surrounding welfare analysis of tobacco regulation.
Ethics and Equity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The idea of a committee like the Institutional Review Board (IRB), whose aim is to safeguard ethical research, sounds complementary to current principles of equity. However, many researchers and academics view these boards with animosity and distrust. Thus, the Chair of the IRB is well-suited to act as a servant-leader who addresses the needs of different stakeholders while creating awareness and communication between them all. Nevertheless, servant-leadership in ethics, particularly in an increasingly equity-minded culture, can carry some conflicts and paradoxes. This may be particularly salient for those from underrepresented backgrounds. The current case presents the experience of an IRB chair and woman of color from a socioeconomically disadvantaged background. Four organizational conflicts are observed: Mission, Efficiency, Equity, and Management. Solutions and recommendations are offered for each of these. The case closes with reflections on the person of color (POC) as a servant-leader.
Circular migration of the population of the Republic of Moldova

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The specific nature of Moldovan circular migration to the CIS and EU is determined by two criteria: vector (direction) of migration and nature of employment in destination countries. According to the results of public opinion poll, mainly people from the villages participate in circular migration to the CIS; heads of households, men with secondary or vocational education. For them labor migration abroad is a secondary form of employment, and it is seasonal. Circular migrants to the other countries are predominantly women, and a great share of them have higher education. There are significant differences which determine circular nature of migration, especially in the impact of push and pull factors. Labor migration to the CIS countries is determined to a greater extent by the migrants' and their households' need to survive, while migration to the EU countries is conditioned by the greater living (functioning) opportunities for migrants and their families. Visa regime, high travel expenses have a significant impact on the nature of circular migration to the EU. It explains greater length of trips. Work trip to the CIS (mainly to Russia) usually lasts around 7 months, while in the EU it's twice longer, 15 months. Quite often it stimulates non-return migration. In the conditions of modern financial and economic crisis of 2008-2010 circular migration acquired several new features. These include delayed nature of migration, greater comparable choice possibilities in terms of destination countries and countries of origin, uncertainty and mass multiple choices of its implementation.
Catalog of Community Habitat Models

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : Corps Districts are concentrating on tasks such as designing restoration projects (Planning), assessing impacts to the environment (Planning/Operations and Maintenance), and evaluating permitting requests (Regulatory) using standard modeling tools such as the Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) models associated with Habitat Evaluation Procedures (HEP). Although developed for assessing impacts of large water resource projects, the utility and flexibility of HSI and HEP in other areas has been well established. In addition to models published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), several additional HSI models and suitability curves (components of a model) have been constructed and published in other formats. The familiar USFWS species HSI blue books can now be found on the Internet; one location is the EMRRP's Ecosystem Management and Restoration Information System (EMRIS).
Mitotic Profile of Genome in Turnix suscicator

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genetic surveillance of Common Bustard Quail, conceded in both the sexes. The chromosomes were harvested from bone previously colchicinized adult individuals. The cell plates were prepared as per sys proposed by Rothfels & Siminovitch (1958). In all, ninety seven well spread metaphase plates were examined and the modal diploid number was found to be 82. This count was indicated by 31.96% of the cells scored. Specific individualization of sex chromos both the sex chromosomes, Z & W were short of morphological heterogeneity.
Enhertu shows impressive results

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Enhertu, a drug for people with HER2-low metastatic breast cancer, showed positive results in a Phase 3 trial. The antibody-drug conjugate, a joint effort of AstraZeneca and Daiichi Sankyo, reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 50% compared with chemotherapy . Shanu Modi, the trial's principal investigator, said in a press release that this is the first demonstration of HER2-directed therapy providing "a survival benefit" to people with low HER2 expression.
Arenimonas halophila sp. nov., isolated from soil

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated CAU 1453T, was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain CAU 1453T grew optimally at 30 °C and at pH 6.5 in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that CAU 1453T represented a member of the genus Arenimonas and was most closely related to Arenimonas donghaensis KACC 11381T (97.2 % similarity). CAU 1453T contained ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, a phosphoglycolipid, an aminophospholipid, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified glycolipids. CAU 1453T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness with the most closely related strain, A. donghaensis KACC 11381T (26.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, CAU 1453T represents a novel species of the genus Arenimonas, for which the name Arenimonas halophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1453T (=KCTC 62235T=NBRC 113093T).
Characteristics and Survival of 29 Patients with Sezary Syndrome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We created a relational database of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) to collect in a standardised fashion, anagraphic variables, clinical history, clinical, histological, haematological, and immunological information on CTCL patients hospitalised at IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy. At present, there are data on 424 patients, hospitalised from 1983 to July 2005. Active follow-up is performed yearly to ensure a standardised ascertainment of survival time. For deceased patients, the actual date of death (for all causes) is recorded, while surviving patients are censored at the date of last contact. The database includes 29 patients with Sezary syndrome (SS). Follow-up times ranged from 0 to 105 months. At first hospitalisation the median values of cells/mL were: white blood cells (WBC) 8750, neutrophils 4250, eosinophils 140, basophils 120, lymphocytes 2760, monocytes 500, CD3+ 2780, CD4+ 2431, CD8+ 192, CD19+ 96. Seventeen patients were deceased. We included in the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis only patients who were diagnosed before July 2004 (n=26). Median survival time from diagnosis was 52 months. No significant differences were observed in mortality for WBC (cutoff 9000 cells/uL), neutrophils (cutoff 4500 cells/uL), basophils (cutoff 200 cells/uL), lymphocytes (cutoff 3000 cells/uL), monocytes (cutoff 500 cells/uL), CD3+ (cutoff 2000 cells/uL), CD4+ (cutoff 2000 cells/uL), CD8+ (cutoff 200 cells/uL), CD19+ (cutoff 70 cells/uL). A lower survival was observed for patients with eosinophils &lt;200 cells/uL (p=.08). Survival in patients with SS does not seem to be influenced by haemathologic parameters. However, patients with long-term survival (&gt;90 months) are observed, and their characteristics should be further investigated. Survival analysis of 26 patients with Sézary syndrome, Rome, Italy, 1991–2004. Survival analysis of 26 patients with Sézary syndrome, Rome, Italy, 1991–2004.
Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Performance in Soccer Players

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Numerous field tests have been developed to evaluate the physical performance in ball games. However, many of these tests are continuous and do not mimic the real game situation. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (Yo-Yo IR) has been developed to overcome this limitation. The test has been previously validated and it correlates well with field performance. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to use the Yo-Yo IR test to establish the performance level needed to be on an elite level as a soccer player. METHODS: Twenty-two male division I players-DI (mean age 23.4 ± 5.7 yrs, mean height 176.2 ± 9.8 cm, mean weight 71.0 ± 9.8 kg), 17 Under 20 national team players-U20 (mean age 18.6 ± 0.4 yrs, mean height 177.7 ± 5.4 cm, mean weight 68.4 ± 8.3 kg) and 13 international team players-IT (mean age 24.2 ± 6.1 yrs, mean height 175.9 ± 4.3 cm, mean weight 69.9 ± 7.2 kg) performed Yo-Yo IR level I test before their preseason training. RESULTS: The median distance covered varied from 1180.0 meter (range 600 - 1880), 1760.0 meter (range 920 - 2520) and 1800.0 meter (range 1000 - 2080) in DI, U20 and IT respectively. The corresponding estimated VO2max were 41.3, 49.4 and 50.0 ml/kg/min. The DI values were significant lower (p<0.05) than for the national teams (U20, IT). Of note, there was a very large variation on running performance regardless of level of soccer performance. CONCLUSIONS: Players in national level covered more distance in the Yo-Yo IR test which reflected their better physical and field performances than the non-national players. Our study underscores the value of the Yo-Yo IR test to differentiate the level of soccer player.
Sequential application of bio-pesticides suppresses eggplant shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee infestation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Different bio-pesticides were evaluated against eggplant shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis G. in combination. All combination of bio-pesticides were effective against eggplant shoot and fruit borer but Lycomax + Biotin M + Antario and Lycomax + Biotin M + Fytomax 3% found most potent and control 88.43 and 84.06 percent shoot infestation; 69.67 and 66.44 percent fruit infestation by count; 72.70 and 70.49 percent fruit infestation by weight, respectively. Lycomax + Biotin M + Antario and Lycomax + Fytomax 0.1% + Biomax increased 32.90 and 28.66 percent gross yield; 120.19 and 87.5 percent marketable yield, respectively over control. Individual fruit weight found maximum from Lycomax + Fytomax 0.1% + Biomax and Biotin M + Antario where it was 51.74 g and 48.13 g for marketable fruit while 44.05 g and 44.61 g for infested fruit. The present study revealed that Lycomax + Biotin M + Antario and Lycomax + Biotin M + Fytomax 3% effectively control ESFB while Lycomax + Biotin M + Antario and Lycomax + Fytomax 0.1% + Biomax increases the yield. Therefore, application of Lycomax + Biotin M + Antario might be recommended for successful production of eggplant to get maximum yield with minimum infestation.
Platelet adhesiveness, thromboelastogram, prothrombin activity and partial thromboplastin time during treatment with flurbiprofen

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SummaryThe inhibitory effect of flurbiprofen on platelet aggregation has been repeatedly and unanimously confirmed in a number of investigations. In view of the possible use of the drug for the prevention of thromboembolic complications, a clinical study was carried out to provide further elucidation on the behaviour of other parameters of blood coagulation, especially platelet adhesiveness and the thromboelastogram. The study was conducted in 25 female subjects of childbearing age (14 healthy volunteers, 9 patients under treatment with oestrogen/progestogen preparations, and 2 diabetics). After 15-days' treatment with flurbiprofen in a daily dose of 50 mg, it was not possible to discover any significant change in platelet adhesiveness, the thromboelastogram, the partial thromboplastin time, thrombocyte count or bleeding time in either the normal subjects or in the patients receiving oral contraceptive treatment. Nevertheless, in 1 of the 2 patients with diabetes mellitus, who had an abnormally high platelet count, a marked reduction in platelet adhesiveness was noted. It is anticipated that, by the use of special techniques, it may be possible with flurbiprofen also to demonstrate an inhibitory action on platelet adhesiveness in addition to its known inhibitory effect on agglutination.
INTERCROPPING OF CARROT X COWPEA-VEGETABLES: EVALUATION OF CULTIVAR COMBINATIONS FERTILIZED WITH ROOSTERTREE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate combinations of cowpea-vegetable cultivars with carrot cultivars in a strip-intercropping system fertilized with roostertree. The work was conducted at the Experimental Farm "Rafael Fernandes" of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) during September 2013 to March 2014. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications and treatments arranged in a factorial 4 x 2 scheme, resulting from the combination of four cowpea -vegetable cultivars (BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba and BRS Itaim) with two carrot cultivars (Brasilia and Alvorada). The characteristics evaluated in cowpea-vegetables were: number of green pods per area, productivity and dry weight of green pods, number of grains per pod, productivity of grains, weight of 100 grains, and dry weight of green grains. In the carrot cultivars, we evaluated total, commercial, and classified productivity of roots. The cultivar combinations were evaluated in terms of land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index, score of the canonical variable, as well as indicators of gross and net income, rate of return, profit margin, and modified monetary advantage. The intercropping system using the cultivars BRS Guariba (cowpea) and Alvorada (carrot) achieved highest agronomic/biological efficiency. Highest economic efficiency was achieved with the combination BRS Tumucumaque (cowpea) and Brasilia (carrot).
A Cooperative Vehicle-Road System for Anomaly Detection on Vehicle Tracks With Augmented Intelligence of Things

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Augmented Intelligence of Things (AIoT) is an emerging technology that combines augmented intelligence with the Internet of Things (IoT) to facilitate advanced decision-making processes. In this paper, we focus on the detection of vehicle trajectory anomalies in a vehicle-road collaboration system by AIoT, aiming to improve the traffic safety and road operation efficiency. We transmit collaboration data collected by sensors to an IoT server, which enables the effective data analysis for vehicle trajectory information. We propose a self-supervised learning augmented intelligence algorithm to achieve precise and efficient detection of trajectory anomalies. First, we models the traffic road network as a topology graph. Subsequently, we sample the relevant subgraph contexts for each target node through a random walk algorithm. And the subgraphs with higher intimacy scores are selected as the contextual background to be input along with the target node. After that, the anomaly score of each target node is computed through the generative learning module and the contrastive learning module. To evaluate the effectiveness of our anomaly detection approach, we initially conduct pre-training of the model using four widely utilized graph machine learning datasets. The experimental results reveal that our approach surpasses previous methods in the accuracy of identifying graph anomaly nodes. In addition, we carry out our approach on two real traffic datasets with high accuracies of 86.47% and 85.2%, respectively. This result demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed approach in detecting trajectory anomalies in real traffic scenarios.