jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cultural tourism in Croatia after the implementation of the strategy of development of cultural tourism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The tourist potential of Croatia’s cultural assets has been recognized and there is evidence of strong demand for such products amongst both domestic and international tourists. Croatia from the standpoint of offer, with picturesque settlements, rich and various history, historic urban and rural areas, and with tourism developed in the coastal area has good prerequisites for the development of cultural tourism and cultural-tourism products, and the Strategy of development of cultural tourism has been created in order to identify strategic measures (priorities and plan of activities), which should encourage the development of cultural-tourism products of Croatian tourist destinations in the entire country. Strategy is adopted in 2003, and its implementation started in 2004. After five years, in 2008, the first comprehensive research that refers to the changes and progress related to the development of the state of cultural tourism in Croatia was made. Consequently, this article presents and analyzes some results of that research, preceded by a short overview of the state of cultural tourism in Croatia, which includes the analysis of Croatian strategies of development of culture, tourism and cultural tourism, analysis the role of the state in cultural tourism and, finally, states the possible directions of further development of cultural tourism in Croatia.
Beyond the “Social” in Social Media: Facebook as Communication Lifeline

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Philippines’ geographic location combined with poor infrastructure and widespread incidence of poverty makes its people highly vulnerable to risks. In the 2014 World Risk Report of the United Nations, the Philippines was ranked as the world’s second most at risk to disaster. It was also the third most exposed to natural calamities in the world. But the Philippines, is also one of the world’s biggest social media users. Filipinos spend an average of nearly four hours of their time using social media daily for various “social reasons” which include personal networking, surveillance, entertainment, or to simply fill up spare time. Wanting to be where the citizens are, local government officials have begun to tap Facebook to create their own online communities. Some have even integrated the social medium into their own risk communication network. Thus, Facebook is no longer just a social medium; it is now a communication lifeline. This paper explored the role of Facebook as a communication lifeline for the people of Cainta, Rizal during the onslaught of typhoon Mario on September 19, 2014. Specifically, this paper explored the role of Facebook as a crowdsourcing tool as well as looked into its affordances and limitations as a tool for risk management. For its framework, this study used Katz’ uses and gratification theory as updated by Thomas Ruggiero to incorporate the Internet and its technological affordances. The theory explains the communication behavior of today’s active media users who are goal directed, are actively utilizing media contents, and who know their needs and how to gratify them.

Keywords: Social Media, Risk Management, Risk Communication, OnlineCommunity Facebook Communication
Thunderclap headaches in a 16-year-old male

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Thunderclap headaches in a 16-year-old male Get access Winnie Nagesh, MD, Winnie Nagesh, MD Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Correspondence: Winnie Nagesh, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, 3–575 ECHA, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9. Telephone (780)-248-5544, e-mail nagesh@ualberta.ca Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Chris Novak, MD, Chris Novak, MD Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1463-2557 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jessica Foulds, MD FRCPC Jessica Foulds, MD FRCPC Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Paediatrics & Child Health, Volume 26, Issue 2, April-May 2021, Pages 71–72, https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxaa001 Published: 20 January 2020 Article history Received: 12 September 2019 Accepted: 11 December 2019 Published: 20 January 2020
Study on Processing Techniques of Food Fiber Extracted from Apple Residues

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The water-soluble and non-water-soluble food fiber were extracted from apple residues by the acid-hydrolysis method,enzymatic method and chemical method respectively.The results show that 13.54% water-soluble food fiber can be extracted under the condition of 80℃,pH 1.5,150 min and 12∶1(water∶solid),39.01% non-water-soluble food fiber with 27 mL/g of swelling volume and 13.14 g/g of water holding capacity can be extracted under the condition of 0.4% α-amylase at 70℃ for 40 min and then adding 0.2% protease at 45℃ for 40 min and 23.30% non-water-soluble food fiber with 18 mL/g of swelling volume and 2.6 g/g of water holding capacity is extracted by the chemical method.
The Effect of Capillary Condensation on the Geomechanical and Acoustic Properties of Tight Formations: An Experimental Study

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Capillary condensation is the condensation of the gas inside nano-pore space at a pressure lower than the bulk dew point pressure as the result of multilayer adsorption due to the high capillary pressure inside the small pore throat of unconventional rocks. The condensation of liquid in nano-pore space of rock changes its mechanical and acoustic properties. Acoustic properties variation due to capillary condensation provides us a tool to monitor phase change in reservoir as a result of nano-confinement as well as mapping the area where phase change occurs as well as characterize pore size distribution. This is particularly important for tight formations where confinement has a strong effect on phase behavior that is challenging to measure experimentally. Theoretical studies have examined the effects of capillary condensation; however, these findings have not been verified experimentally. The main objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the effect of capillary condensation on the mechanical and acoustic properties of shale samples. The mechanical and acoustic characterization of the samples was carried out experimentally using a state-of-the-art tri-axial facility at the Colorado School of Mines. The experimental set-up is capable of the simultaneous acquisition of coupled stress, strain, resistivity, acoustic and flow data. Carbon dioxide was used as the pore pressure fluid in these experiments. After a comprehensive characterization of shale samples, experiments were conducted by increasing the pore pressure until condensation occurs while monitoring the mechanical and acoustic properties of the sample to quantify the effect of capillary condensation on the mechanical and acoustic properties of the sample. Experimental data show a 5% increase in Young's Modulus as condensation occurs. This increase is attributed to the increase in pore stiffness as condensation occurs reinforcing the grain contact. An initial decrease in compressional velocity was observed as pore pressure increases before condensation occurs which is attributed to the expansion of the pore volume when pore pressure increases. After this initial decrease, compressional velocity slightly increases at a pressure around 750 - 800 psi which is close to the condensation pressure. We also observed a noticeable increase in shear velocity when capillary condensation occurs, this could be due to the immobility of the condensed liquid phase at the pore throats. The changes of geomechanical and acoustic signatures were observed at around 750 - 800 psi at 27°C, which is the dew point pressure of the fluid in the nano-pore space of the sample at this temperature. While the unconfined bulk dew point pressure of carbon dioxide at the same temperature is 977 psi. Hence, this study marks the first measurement of the dew point of fluid in nano-pore space and potentially leads to the construction of the phase envelope of fluid under confinement.
Rfx6 is an Ngn3-dependent winged helix transcription factor required for pancreatic islet cell development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The transcription factor neurogenin 3 (Neurog3 or Ngn3) controls islet cell fate specification in multipotent pancreatic progenitor cells in the mouse embryo. However, our knowledge of the genetic programs implemented by Ngn3, which control generic and islet subtype-specific properties, is still fragmentary. Gene expression profiling in isolated Ngn3-positive progenitor cells resulted in the identification of the uncharacterized winged helix transcription factor Rfx6. Rfx6 is initially expressed broadly in the gut endoderm, notably in Pdx1-positive cells in the developing pancreatic buds, and then becomes progressively restricted to the endocrine lineage, suggesting a dual function in both endoderm development and islet cell differentiation. Rfx6 is found in postmitotic islet progenitor cells in the embryo and is maintained in all developing and adult islet cell types. Rfx6 is dependent on Ngn3 and acts upstream of or in parallel with NeuroD, Pax4 and Arx transcription factors during islet cell differentiation. In zebrafish, the Rfx6 ortholog is similarly found in progenitors and hormone expressing cells of the islet lineage. Loss-of-function studies in zebrafish revealed that rfx6 is required for the differentiation of glucagon-, ghrelin- and somatostatin-expressing cells, which, in the absence of rfx6, are blocked at the progenitor stage. By contrast, beta cells, whose number is only slightly reduced, were no longer clustered in a compact islet. These data unveil Rfx6 as a novel regulator of islet cell development.
Analysis of Periodic Solutions for Composite Laminated Circular Cylindrical Shell with 1:2 Internal Resonance

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, we are concerned with periodic motions of composite laminated circular cylindrical shell with 1:2 internal resonance. The existence condition and number estimation of periodic solutions of the governing system are studied by discussing the Poincaré map and the displacement function. To illustrate the effectiveness of our results, the method of numerical simulations is performed to detect the phase portraits of the periodic solutions under a set of parameter condition.
“Polymerization” of Bimerons in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Chiral Magnets with Easy-Plane Anisotropy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We re-examine the internal structure of bimerons, which are stabilized in easy-plane chiral magnets and represent coupled states of two merons with the same topological charge |1/2| but with opposite vorticity and the polarity. We find that, in addition to the vortices and antivortices, bimerons feature circular regions which are located behind the anti-vortices and bear the rotational sense opposite to the rotational sense chosen by the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. In an attempt to eliminate these wrong-twist regions with an excess of positive energy density, bimerons assemble into chains, and as such exhibit an attracting interaction potential. As an alternative to chains, we demonstrate the existence of ring-shaped bimeron clusters of several varieties. In some rings, bimeron dipoles are oriented along the circle and swirl clockwise and/or counterclockwise (dubbed “roundabouts”). Moreover, a central meron encircled by the outer bimerons may possess either positive or negative polarity. In other rings, the bimeron dipoles point towards the center of a ring and consequently couple to the central meron (dubbed “crossings”). We point out that the ringlike solutions for baryons obtained within the Skyrme model of pions, although driven by the same tendency of the energy reduction, yield only one type of bimeron rings. The conditions of stability applied to the described bimeron rings are additionally extended to bimeron networks when bimerons fill the whole space of two-dimensional samples and exhibit combinations of rings and chains dispersed with different spatial density (dubbed bimeron “polymers”). In particular, bimeron crystals with hexagonal and the square bimeron orderings are possible when the sides of the unit cells represent chains of bimerons joined in intersections with three or four bimerons, respectively; otherwise, bimeron networks represent disordered bimeron structures. Moreover, we scrutinize the inter-transformations between hexagonal Skyrmion lattices and disordered bimeron polymers occuring via nucleation and mutual annihilation of merons within the cell boundaries. Our theory provides clear directions for experimental studies of bimeron orderings in different condensed-matter systems with quasi-two-dimensional geometries.
An Exopolygalacturonase from a Strain ofAcrocylindrium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article An Exopolygalacturonase from a Strain of Acrocylindrium Get access Hitoshi Kimura, Hitoshi Kimura Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shoji Mizushima Shoji Mizushima Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 37, Issue 11, 1 November 1973, Pages 2589–2593, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1973.10861050 Published: 01 November 1973 Article history Received: 08 June 1973 Published: 01 November 1973
Influences of Organizational Culture on Knowledge Sharing in an Online Virtual Community

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The present study examined the influences and interactive effects of organizational culture, including trust, communication, and leadership, on online knowledge sharing based on social exchange theory and theories of trust, communication, and leadership. Two-hundred-ninety-seven members in three online engineering virtual communities from a knowledge management platform in a company were participants for filling in questionnaires. The results revealed that trust, communication, and leadership significantly affected online knowledge sharing. Members with high levels of trust, communication, or leadership had significantly better knowledge sharing than members with medium or low levels of trust, communication, or leadership. The results also showed a significant interactive effect of trust and communication on online knowledge sharing and a significant interactive effect of leadership and communication on online knowledge sharing, but there was no significant interactive effect of trust and leadership on online knowledge sharing. No previous studies have investigated the interactive effects of trust, communication and leadership on online knowledge sharing. That research finding is a significant contribution different from previous studies. Finally, this article offers suggestions for future research, implications of this study, and limitations of this study.
Inactivation of Microorganisms by Electrohydraulic Shock

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The electrohydraulic shock treatment of microorganisms was accomplished by discharging high-voltage electricity (8 to 15 kv) across an electrode gap below the surface of aqueous suspensions of the microorganisms. This treatment was effective in destroying Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis , vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus subtilis , and bacteriophage specific for S. cremoris ML1. The presence of added protein in bacterial suspensions resulted in reduced bactericidal action. Water subjected to electrohydraulic treatment retained a certain amount of toxicity when copper-core electrodes were used to apply the treatment. This was caused by copper liberated from the electrode during electrohydraulic discharge.
Modélisation et animation de surfaces implicites à squelettes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We show in this thesis that it is possible to very efficiently use implicit surfaces with skeletons to model, animate and metamorphose in a simple way textured complex objects or characters with an accurate and intuitive control. The use of more semantic models using primitives with complex skeletons indeed makes it possible to strongly reduce the number of parameters to be controlled with the profit of more significant parameters. Our system gathers a broad bookshop of skeletons of all dimensions as well as an automatic mechanism of simulation of very complex skeletons by adaptive decomposition in known and optimized skeletons. Various operators of mixture allow a fine control of the smoothing of the connections between the parts of the objects. In addition, the adaptation of our geometrical model to space control and the combination of procedural solid textures makes it possible to texture any type of geometry volumiquement. Lastly, a skeleton of control unifies the trees of description of the geometry and textures within the same structure in order to ensure the coherence of the whole during animations and metamorphoses. Animation is done on the level of the skeleton of control for high level handling then each parameter can be controlled individually or by another parameter through functions of evolution in order to benefit from the flexibility of the hierarchical models and to adapt to any type of engine of animation. This organization also makes it possible to directly use our tools of metamorphosis of forms and textures for models animated by guaranteeing the coherence of the geometrical transformations and of textures without appearance of amorphous intermediate stages. The intermediate model is built automatically starting from a definite graph of correspondences in a hierarchical way by an assisted and controllable process. By also metamorphosing animations, we define the animorphose as the synchronous and controlled metamorphosis respective geometries, textures and their animations. In the case of characters animated by key stages, we propose a specific algorithm allowing to carry out all calculations of the transformation into preprocessings so that the intermediate model is not more expensive than a simple animated model. To guarantee fast treatments (edition, visualization by launching rays or polygonalisation), we propose on the one hand calculation algorithms of distance optimized to benefit from the space coherence of the requests and on the other hand the definition of levels of detail in order to adapt the primitives, the operators and the structure even of the models to necessary quality. An automatic algorithm of rewriting of the trees of description supplements these accelerations
Autonomy, rights and children with special educational needs: the distinctiveness of Wales

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Wales was the first UK country to incorporate the UNCRC into domestic law and the first to appoint a children's commissioner. Wales is distinctive in the strong links between education and the promotion of the Welsh language as evidenced in successive Welsh language strategies. With regard to children with special educational needs, the 2018 Additional Learning Needs and Educational Tribunal Act makes provision for children's voices to be heard in their own right. This paper examines the complexities in hearing the voices of children with severe and profound learning difficulties (SPMLD), and how these can be addressed in the language context of Wales. It concludes that there are cautious grounds for optimism about our ability to hear the views of children with SPMLD, as long as we are prepared to acknowledge the resource implications. However, there is a need for more debate about the potential tensions between the Welsh language strategy and making provision for children with special educational needs in their preferred language. This debate needs to be informed by research on the impact of immersion education on progress, access to the curriculum and inclusion for children with SPMLD, and on their views about all aspects of their provision.
New Carboniferous Diplura, Monura, and Thysanura, the hexapod ground plan, and the role of thoracic side lobes in the origin of wings (Insecta)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new Upper Carboniferous japygid, Testajapyx thomasi n.gen. et n.sp., shows that only Diplura of Entognatha shared an ancestral ground plan with Insecta–Ectognatha. Pleuron, palps, thoracic and abdominal legs, and vesicles are compared between Diplura, Archeognatha, Monura, Thysanura, and Pterygota. The origin and evolution of side lobes on the head, thorax, and abdomen, and of cereal legs, cerci, and posttarsal (=pretarsal) claws are considered. The paleoenvironment of the earliest insects and its impact on evolution of thoracic side lobes is discussed. Consistent evidence from several biological disciplines shows that protowings evolved from thoracic side lobes, which probably originated from serial, articulated outer appendages (=exites) of the arthropodan leg. Exites were continuously active and functional and became preadapted for flapping movements. Flight developed as the pterygotes diversified. Basic wing structures are monophyletic. Flight adaptation was finished and differences in wings arose somewhat later, by various means and in parallel, in already diversified lineages of Pterygota.
The Negative Temperature Impact on Hardening of Magnesia Composites

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Modern economy has a strong demand for higher speed of construction and lower construction costs both achieved by using new efficient materials. Significant climate influence on the construction technology urges to make extensive investigations on hardening the construction composite (concrete and mortar) mixtures under freezing temperatures at the actual construction site. The article focuses on the use of advanced composite materials using magnesium oxychloride cement and mineral aggregates. The results of literature review on the problem are also presented. We have found that the problem of magnesia composites hardening under freezing temperatures hasn’t been thoroughly investigated. The results of laboratory study of the effect of initial magnesia concretes maturing and mortars under the conditions of freezing temperatures on the hardening process and the final strength of the material are presented. The scientific explanation of the speed of magnesium oxychloride cement strength development in concretes and mortars which have initially undergone the influence of freezing temperatures is given.
Effects of Shock Controllability on Subsequent Aggressive and Defensive Behaviors in the Cockroach (Periplaneta Americana)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Male cockroaches ( Periplaneta americana) were exposed to either escapable, inescapable, or no shock in an escape task for three consecutive days. 24 hr. later they were placed individually in an aquarium with a naive cockroach and the frequency of aggressive behavior and defensive behavior was recorded by a blind observer. The inescapable shock group of cockroaches displayed less aggressive behavior and a greater tendency to retreat from social encounter than the escapable shock or no shock groups.