jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
KUALITAS FISIK DAGING BROILER DI PASAR MODERN KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to determine the physical quality of broiler meat including pH value, water holding capacity, and cooking losses in the modern market of Bandar Lampung City. This research was conducted on Januari-March 2020. The research material was breast fillet meat. Samples came from six modern markets in the city of Bandar Lampung (Mall Boemi Kedaton, Transmart, Central Plaza, Chandra Teluk, Chandra Karang, and Mall Kartini). The variables observed in this study were the degree of acidity (pH), water holding capacity (DIA), and cooking losses. The results of this study indicated that the degree of acidity (pH) in the modern market of Bandar Lampung City ranged from 6,109-6,386. The DIA value in the modern city market Bandar Lampung ranges from 61,157-68,021%, the value of cooking losses in the modern market of Bandar Lampung City ranges from 30,032-39,494%. The results of this study indicate that the pH, DIA, and cooking losses have met the standards for consumption in the six modern markets in the city of Bandar Lampung. Keywords: Broiler, Modern market, Degree of acidity (pH), Water holding capacity (DIA), Cooking losses.
Experimental investigation on the effect of MgO and TiO 2 nanoparticles in stepped solar still

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This work aims at augmenting the amount of potable water using MgO and TiO2 in stepped solar still. Experiments were carried out for the climatic conditions of Chennai, India, with two different concentrations of nanofluids inside a stepped basin under three different cases. Results show that there is an improvement in yield of fresh water from stepped solar still by 33.18% and 41.05% using 0.1% and 0.2% volume concentration of TiO2 nanofluid, respectively, whereas the freshwater yield from stepped still with MgO nanofluids improved by 51.7% and 61.89%. Furthermore, the economic analysis revealed that the cost of potable water from the modified solar still reduced from 0.029 to 0.016 $/kg. Similarly, the useful annual energy, yearly cost per kilogram, and annual cost per kilowatt hour are significantly profitable with the use of MgO nanofluid in the stepped basin and found as 512.46 kWh, 0.025 $/kg, and 0.026 $/kWh, respectively. It is also found that the cost of potable water from the modified still significantly increases as the amount of fresh water produced is decreased with increased fabrication cost of the solar still.
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LAW AND MORALITY: A COMPARISON BETWEEN ENGLISH LAW AND ISLAMIC LAW

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although criminal law has never been completely distinct from morality, considerable controversy has always existed, among lawyers and philosophers about the nature and extent of their co- relationship. In other words, there exist opposing views on whether or not a forbidden conduct committed against commands of morality should necessarily be a criminal offence, punishable in the eyes of the law. This issue and the answers given to this question
Uterine rupture during pregnancy and delivery: risk factors, symptoms and maternal and neonatal outcomes - restrospective cohort.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Overall prevalence of uterine rupture during pregnancy and delivery was 0,04%, in women with previous cesarean section was 0.2%, in women with unscarred uterus was 0.08. Suspicious fetal heart rate tracing and acute abdominal pain are the most common symptoms. Adverse neonatal outcomes were identified in seven cases.
Sensitivity of air-sea heat exchange to lead width and orientation as well as model resolution

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Modeling air-sea interactions during cold air outbreaks poses a major challenge because of the vast range of scales and physical processes involved. Using the WRF model, we investigate the sensitivity of air mass transformation in an idealised cold air outbreak across a lead-fractured sea ice to (a) lead width, (b) lead orientation relative to the atmospheric flow, and (c) model resolution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The extent to which leads are resolved in WRF strongly affects the overall air-sea heat exchange. In fact, even the direction of the heat exchange is dependent on model resolution. Further, the dependence of the overall heat exchange on model resolution is strongly non-linear, with the worst representation of the heat exchange through leads occuring when they are just about to become resolved by the model grid. In addition, the orientation of the leads relative to the atmospheric flow affects the air-sea heat exchange. Heat exchange is least effective when the leads are oriented perpendicular to the atmospheric flow.&lt;/p&gt;
Neural Network Embedding of Functional Microconnectome.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Our brain works as a vast and complex network system. We need to compress the networks to extract simple principles of network patterns and interpret these paradigms to better comprehend their complexities. This study treats this simplification process using a two-step analysis of topological patterns of functional connectivities that were produced from electrical activities of ~1000 neurons from acute slices of mouse brains [Kajiwara et al. 2021] As the first step, we trained an artificial neural network system called neural network embedding (NNE) and automatically compressed the functional connectivities. As the second step, we widely compared the compressed features with 15 representative network metrics, having clear interpretations, including not only common metrics, such as centralities clusters and modules but also newly developed network metrics. The result demonstrates not only the fact that the newly developed network metrics could complementarily explain the features of what was compressed by the NNE method but was previously relatively hard to explain using common metrics such as hubs, clusters and communities. This NNE method surpasses the limitations of commonly used human-made metrics but also provides the possibility that recognizing our own limitations drives us to extend interpretable targets by developing new network metrics.
Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity and Coupling Control of Skeletal Muscle in Colon-26 Tumor-Induced Cachexia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cancer cachexia is a life-threatening, paraneoplastic syndrome featuring unintended weight loss and skeletal muscle atrophy. Mitochondria, the major providers of cellular energy, couple oxygen consumption to ATP synthesis (i.e. oxidative phosphorylation, OXPHOS). Impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics (e.g. respiration) is associated with the pathophysiology of multiple diseases. The control of mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle during the induction and progression of cancer cachexia is not well understood. PURPOSE: To investigate mitochondrial respiratory capacity and coupling control of skeletal muscle in the colon-26 model of cancer cachexia. METHODS: Balb/c males (10 wks) were assigned to control or colon-26 (C26). C26 mice were injected with 1x106 tumor cells, and tissue collected on days 7, 14, and 21 post-injection. In this model, mice develop palpable tumors at day 7, and cachexia by day 21. Controls were injected with PBS and tissue collected on day 0. Respiration was measured in permeabilized fibers from the medial gastrocnemius via high-resolution respirometry. A substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration protocol was used to evaluate Complex I OXPHOS (CIP), Complex I+II OXPHOS (CI+IIP), and electron transfer system capacity (ETS). Efficiency of the OXPHOS system was determined from the ratio CI+IIP/ETS (P/E). RESULTS: CIP was significantly lower (p<0.05) at day 21 (4.8±1.6 pmol/s/mg) in comparison to day 0 (53.4±7.0), day 7 (57.4±6.5), and day 14 (60.0±2.9). CI+IIP was significantly lower (p<0.05) at day 21 (22.3±2.3 pmol/s/mg) in comparison to day 0 (65.5±7.8), day 7 (69.3±8.5), and day 14 (73.8±4.8). Maximal ETS was significantly lower (p<0.05) at day 21 (24.1 pmol/s/mg) in comparison to day 0 (83.7±13.8), day 7 (84.4±12.3), and day 14 (105.1±7.3). P/E was not significantly different across timepoints (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Phosphorylating respiration with electron input from Complex I and I+II, and maximal electron transfer system capacity (i.e. non-coupled respiration) was significantly reduced at day 21 concomitant with cachexia, but not at earlier timepoints, suggesting that changes in oxidative metabolism occur as a consequence of cachexia rather than having a causative role. Loss of respiratory capacity may compromise muscle function and physical independence.
Teat seeking success of newborn piglets after drying or warming

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

At birth, 98 piglets were either completely dried with paper towels, or moved under a heat lamp, or left untouched. The three treatments were randomly assigned, within birth order trios, to 11 litters of pigs. Sixty percent of all piglets contacted the udder within 10 min and 91% had nursed within 70 min. Treatment or birth order did not affect the mean time from birth to first udder contact (20 min; SEM 3.5) or the mean time from birth to first suckle (40 min; SEM 4.8). Average daily gain to 24 h or 21 d was not significantly affected by treatment. Mortality to 3 d was 6% for the towel-dried group, 0% for the pigs placed under the heat lamp and 21% for the untouched group. We conclude that drying or warming at birth did not affect suckling success of active piglets, but there was an indication that survival was improved. Key words Newborn, piglet, drying, warming, suckling, survival
Methodological Challenges Faced in Doing Research With Vulnerable Women: Reflections From Fieldwork Experiences

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Methodological challenges of qualitative research involving people considered vulnerable are widely prevalent, for which many novice researchers are not well equipped or prepared for. This places great physical and emotional demands on the researchers. However, a discussion to bring to light the issues related to the researchers’ experiences and practical concerns in the field remains largely invisible in the literature. This article presents the reflective accounts of a doctoral researcher’s fieldwork experience, particularly in relation to the methodological challenges encountered in carrying out research with vulnerable women in rural and northern Thailand. Four of these challenges pertain to selecting a field site and acquiring access, recruiting and building trust, maintaining privacy and confidentiality, and being vulnerable as a researcher. Suggestions from the literature and practical strategies the researcher employed to deal with such challenges and real dilemmas are discussed. This article calls for more formal safeguards during the research process and suggests that researchers reflect upon their experiences and emotions in undertaking a field research, making the accounts of their research journey heard and beneficial to other novice and/or experienced researchers.
Waterpipe tobacco smoking may potentiate risk of fungal and bacterial infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Hookah, as a popular practice among adults, was first introduced by the Asian countries; however, it is now increasing worldwide. Although several clinical or experimental studies on waterpipe (WP) tobacco smoking highlights that this addictive behavior causes some devastating diseases such as lung cancer and respiratory diseases, further investigations on health effects of a WP tobacco smoking are still required as a serious attention. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the possible infectious agents in Iranian hookahs. Materials and Methods: Fifty water samples were taken from the hoses and water jars of the hookahs and cultured on Blood agar, MacConkey agar and Sabouraud agar mediums. Mycobacterial culture has been done on Löwenstein–Jensen medium and direct smear examination for mycobacterium were performed for all of the fifty samples. Results: The findings of this study show that 4 gram-negative bacterial species including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter and 3 gram-positive bacteria strains including Choagulase Neg. Staph, Strep viridians and Micrococcus were detected. Yeast-fungi like Candida, and Mycelial-fungi including Fusarium and Aspergillous Sp were also determined by fungal cultures on Sabouraud agar plates. The results of mycobacterial microscopic examinations and culture were all negative. Conclusions: Our results indicated to infectious potential in water of WP. Thus, simply believing of people for safety of WP than cigarettes could be considered as a wrong idea and should be taking care in human health. Keywords: waterpipe tobacco smoking, conventional TB culture, conventional fungal and microbiological culture.
ANALYSIS OF FORCES DUE TO IRREGULAR WAVES EXERTED ON A SHIP NEAR A HARBOUR ENTRANCE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Waves near the harbour which are affected by both seabed topography and also breakwaters could cause additional problems for a ship sailing in this area. A numerical method was developed to predict wave forces exerted on a ship near the harbour entrance when the ship is affected by uni-directional irregular waves. Three different positions of ship staying and wave conditions are considered and discussed. The validity of this method was experimentally verified by a model test.
Research progress on the ethical review of experimental animal welfare in medical colleges

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite the existence of regulatory documents addressing the ethical review of experimental animal welfare in our country, medical colleges and universities continue to grapple with numerous challenges in conducting such reviews. These challenges encompass imbalances in the constitution of ethical review committees, constraints in the ethical review process for experimental animal welfare, and the absence of a comprehensive monitoring mechanism for these committees. This paper traces the evolution of standardizing the review of experimental animal welfare in our country, elucidating the challenges faced by medical institutions during the review process. It then advocates for specific measures, including the enhancement of legislation pertaining to experimental animal welfare ethics, the establishment of a multifaceted supervision mechanism for ethical reviews in medical colleges and universities, the implementation of educational programs focusing on experimental animal welfare ethics, and the refinement of personnel training systems.
Religião e política no campo evangélico contemporâneo : ancoragens, homologias e retraduções

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The presence of religious actors in the construction of public debate is, in Brazil, undisguised. Thus, we highlight the evangelical churches. Some denominations are relatively able to mobilize its members around specific demands or to broader political projects. However, religious filiations do not define political memberships. Affinity relationships between the two spheres are usually partial, and very complex. It is true that a faithful engaged in order to justify their political positions, will tend to evoke religious views available in the group to which it belongs. But this fact does not necessarily produce very stable identity convergences in the group, since the religious or political ideas are constantly retranslated by agents. Thus, the homologies raised here and regularities in the actions of individuals are contingent, however, always possible. Occasionally, they translate into modes of participation, inclusion of the faithful in public areas, political memberships and speeches somehow anchored to particular ways to experience religion. So it initially asks: what types of links between religion and politics are being produced in different social areas of interest to this investigation? Such homologies produce significant regularities, identity definitions? To tackle these problems, we used a focused research on participant observation that it intended to collate the political positions undertaken by evangelical believers focused on this work in the face of religious justifications for them mobilized. What entailed an analysis of the different discourses that try to justify the involvement of religious actors in the public debate. The thesis also searched far-reaching convergences in the contemporary evangelical discourse; also why, they were listed in the investigation two very different denominations: the Traditional and the second wave Pentecostals. Despite the diversity found within the studied groups, and the uniqueness of each religious denomination, the survey encountered a type of speech, widespread in varying degrees in religious spaces, it is called here pragmatic conservatism.
G323 Decision-making in neonatal intestinal failure: palliative or active care?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Survival rates for neonatal intestinal failure (IF) have improved significantly over the past decade, however there is no consensus for decision-making among UK paediatric subspecialists.

Aim

The aim of this study was to describe health professionals' decision-making regarding palliative versus active management in neonatal IF and to examine variation between subspecialties.

Methods

An electronic survey was designed to explore several neonatal scenarios. It was sent to neonatologists, paediatric surgeons and gastroenterologists on two occasions. In addition to being asked whether they would recommend active or palliative care or allow the parents to decide; they were asked whether they would consider the treatment morally obligatory or impermissible, that is authority should be sought from the courts if there is parental disagreement with the professional opinion.

Results

The survey was completed by 147 respondents of which 75 (21% were neonatologists, 26 (18%) paediatric surgeons and 26 (18% surgeons) with 20 (13%) other. In a term baby with total gut Hirschsprung's, 81% of gastroenterologists would recommend active care (regardless of parental decision in 34.6%) compared to 46% of surgeons and 35% of neonatologists. No gastroenterologist would recommend palliative care while 23% of both neonatologists and surgeons would. Similarly, in a 28-week gestion neonate with bilateral brain haemorrhages and IF secondary to necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) 77% of surgeons and 73% of neonatologists would recommend palliative care compared with only 27% of gastroenterologists. For a term baby with IF secondary to volvulus, 58% of gastroenterologists estimated that she would have a five-year survival of >80% compared to 11.5% of surgeons and only 2.7% of neonatologists. Similarly, for a 26 week gestation baby with IF secondary to NEC only 11.5% of surgeons and 2.6% of neonatologists believed her 5-year survival would be >60% compared to 59% of gastroenterologists.

Conclusion

Paediatric subspecialists have very different views about long-term outcomes and the appropriateness of active or palliative management in neonatal IF, with gastroenterologists being consistent more optimistic than surgeons or neonatologists. This is likely to lead to unjustified variation in counselling and choices given to parents.
Production of alcohol-free beer with elevated amounts of flavouring compounds using lager yeast mutants

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Arrested or limited fermentation process is a widespread method used for production of alcohol-free beer (AFB). However, it usually leads to worty off-flavour and a lack of pleasant fruity flavour/aroma. The aim of this study was to isolate spontaneous mutants of Saccharomyces pastorianus strain 2 resistant to 5,5,5-trifluoro-dl-leucine, since the resistance is related to overproduction of flavour active isoamyl alcohol (IAAL) and isoamyl acetate (IAAC). The mutants were the subject of selection during series of screening tests aimed at selecting the best producer of target compounds (IAAL and IAAC). Subsequently, the overproduction stability of the selected mutant strain was verified in four consecutive fermentations of AFBs. A higher pitching rate and increased fermentation temperature did not result in an overall improvement in the production of the target compounds. Sensory analysis proved the flavouring effect of the spontaneous lager yeast mutant on the AFB produced by arrested fermentation. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling
The development of serviced apartments on Beach Resorts : a study of Patong Beach, Phuket.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Robust growth for travel and tourism in the Asia Pacific region is expected, with tourism revenues to hit US$4.6 trillion and visitor arrivals to reach 500 million by the end of 2010 (PATA, 2008a). In particular, demand for beach holidays is strong, with Phuket registering a record 5.47 million arrivals in 2007 (SCI-Asset, 2008) and Bali attracting 1.97 million visitors in 2008 (BTB, 2009). This increase in tourist arrivals impacts the size and structure of the tourist accommodation sector. Accommodation rooms in Asia are set to grow 25.8% with an expected 140,000 new rooms (LaSalle, 2008), while serviced apartments are forecasted to proliferate (TAS, 2009). This paper aims to study the development of serviced apartments on beach resorts, in particular, Patong Beach, Phuket. The case method was adopted for this study, with a visit to Patong Beach in December 2008 and interviews with accommodation operators, guests and Thai government officials. The level of development of the site was determined, followed by an analysis of the serviced apartments by size of establishments, average daily rates and type of ownership. Some of the key findings include the establishment of the level of development of Patong Beach as Stage 6 of Smith’s Beach Resort Model (Smith, 1991). Spatial analysis of the serviced apartments revealed concentration on the northern front and inland, with smaller and low-grade establishments found mostly inland. Ownership structures varied, including both single and multiple ownership, though there was no international brand present in Phuket. Finally, it has been found that serviced apartments on beach resorts emerge only at advanced stages of resort development.