jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Irregular blocks,N= 2 gauge theory and Mathieu system

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Alday-Gayotto-Tachikawa (AGT) conjecture relates 4d N = 2, SU(2) SYM theories with Nf matter hypermultiplets to 2d CFT. In case of pure 4d N = 2, SU(2) SYM there is a corresponding irregular conformal block in 2d CFT. The AGT correspondence may be extended within a certain limit (the Nekrasov-Shataschvili limit) to the correspondence between an effective twisted superpotentials of 2d N = 2 SUSY and the Zamolodchikov's "classical" conformal blocks. When narrowed to the pure 4d N = 2 SYM case its limit is related to an irregular classical conformal block. It will be shown that according to the triple correspondence (2dCFT/Gauge/Bethe - c.f. Piatek's talk) the irregular classical conformal block yields spectrum of Mathieu operator. The latter can be obtained as a "classical" limit of the null vector decoupling equation for three-point degenerate irregular block. It will also be shown that the Mathieu spectrum can be also obtained from the limit of the pure gauge theory as a solution of the saddle point equation as well as from the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization of the Seiberg-Witten theory.
Efficacy and mechanism of a biomimetic nanosystem carrying doxorubicin and an IDO inhibitor for treatment of advanced triple-negative breast cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract As a kind of “cold tumor”, triple-negative breast cancer has a bottleneck in immunotherapy. In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles were coated with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitor 1-MT, and the outer layer was coated with a triple-negative breast cancer cell membrane to construct the tumor dual-targeted delivery system CDIMSN for chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and to investigate the immunogenic death effect of CDIMSN. The system targeted the delivery of tumor therapeutic drugs to the tumor microenvironment. Doxorubicin induced tumor immunogenic death, while 1-MT reversed immunosuppression. In vitro experiments showed that IC 50 value of CDIMSN was 0.34µg/ml, significantly lower than that of DIMSN (0.56µg/ml). In vivo findings showed that the tumor size in the CDIMSN group was 2.66-fold and 1.56-fold smaller than that in DOX and DIMSN groups, respectively. CDIMSN group was better than naked DIMSN in stimulating CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells and promoting DCs cell maturation. In addition, blood analysis, biochemical analysis and Hematoxylin staining analysis of mice showed that the bionic nanoparticles had good biological safety.
Distribution of the Level of Antibody to AIDS‐Associated Virus (LAV) in Sera from AIDS or AIDS Related Complex and Japanese Hemophiliacs Infected with AIDS‐Associated Virus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The level of antibody to AIDS‐associated virus (LAV) in sera from patients with AIDS or AIDS related diseases (AIDS related complex; ARC) and Japanese hemophiliacs was studied using indirect immunofluorescence. Titer of anti‐LAV antibody in sera from 89 patients with AIDS or ARC ranged between 10 and 40,960 (median: 1,280) and that of 83 Japanese hemophiliacs ranged from 20 to 20,480 (median: 640). The distribution of the level of anti‐LAV antibody in hemophiliacs was similar to that of patients with AIDS or ARC, and no correlation between the titer of antibody and the presence of symptoms of AIDS was observed. Our results suggested that hemophiliacs in Japan might have been infected with live LAV rather than been immunized with inactivated LAV by injection of factor VIII or IX concentrate, and more hemophiliacs in Japan might show symptoms of AIDS in the future as in the United States.
Banda Singh Bahadur: An unsung national hero

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

An attempt has been made in this paper to analyse the struggle and sacrifice of Banda Singh Bahadur against the cruelty, exploitation, inequality and injustice of Mughal Empire. His struggle and sacrifice for the society against the then Mughal Empire is remarkable in the history. The main objective of this study is to highlight the sacrifice of Banda Singh Bahadur for mankind. For this purpose, the paper has been divided into five parts. The first part deals with the early life of Banda Singh Bahadur. The second part deals with the meeting between Banda Singh Bahadur (the then Madho Das Bairagi) and Guru Gobind Singh. His march towards Punjab has been discussed in the third part of this paper. Fourth part of the study relates with the establishment of First Sikh State by him. Last part deals with his martyrdom along with his comrades. Historical and analytical approach has been adopted in this study. Both primary and secondary sources have been used in this study.
Equilibrium surface segregation of interstitials on bcc(001) surfaces: A lattice-gas approach

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A lattice-gas model for the description of equilibrium surface segregation of interstitials on (001)-oriented body-centered-cubic surfaces is introduced. Assuming realistic nearest and more distant pairwise interactions between adjacent M-X and X-X atoms, the model is well suited to reproduce the experimentally observed c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) ordering of segregated nitrogen and carbon on \ensuremath{\alpha}-Fe(001). With increasing range of the repulsive X-X interactions ${\mathit{cphi}}_{\mathit{X}\mathit{X}}$(d), different orderings such as (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1), (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2), and c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) occur at \ensuremath{\theta}=1/2 and \ensuremath{\theta}=1/4, 3) / 4 . The coverage dependence of the excess Gibbs free energy of segregation is discussed for the present lattice-gas model.
“Teenagers Get Undressed on the Internet”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract During recent years, Swedish media have paid attention to young people’s presentations of self in Internet communities, claiming that these presentations are often sexually provocative. The present study aims at investigating young men’s and women’s presentations of self in Sweden’s largest Internet community, focusing specifically on how bodies are displayed. This is done through quantitative and qualitative content analyses of the photos of 88 users. Results show differences in what parts of their bodies the young men and women show: women tend to focus on faces, while men focus on torsos. Results also contradict the image depicted by the media, as very few photos in the sample can be described as provocative. One explanation offered here concerns the specific Internet community’s lack of anonymity, meaning that the interaction is steered by the same mechanisms and social pressures at work in offline environments.
Patients With High Bone Mass Phenotype Exhibit Enhanced Osteoblast Differentiation and Inhibition of Adipogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Genetic mutations in the LRP5 gene affect Wnt signaling and lead to changes in bone mass in humans. Our in vivo and in vitro results show that activated mutation T253I of LRP5 enhances osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis. Inactivating mutation T244M of LRP5 exerts opposite effects. Introduction: Mutations in the Wnt co-receptor, LRP5, leading to decreased or increased canonical Wnt signaling, result in osteoporosis or a high bone mass (HBM) phenotype, respectively. However, the mechanisms whereby mutated LRP5 causes changes in bone mass are not known. Materials and Methods: We studied bone marrow composition in iliac crest bone biopsies from patients with the HBM phenotype and controls. We also used retrovirus-mediated gene transduction to establish three different human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) strains stably expressing wildtype LRP5 (hMSC-LRP5WT), LRP5T244 (hMSC-LRP5T244, inactivation mutation leading to osteoporosis), or LRP5T253 (hMSC-LRP5T253, activation mutation leading to high bone mass). We characterized Wnt signaling activation using a dual luciferase assay, cell proliferation, lineage biomarkers using real-time PCR, and in vivo bone formation. Results: In bone biopsies, we found increased trabecular bone volume and decreased bone marrow fat volume in patients with the HBM phenotype (n = 9) compared with controls (n = 5). The hMSC-LRP5WT and hMSC-LRP5T253 but not hMSC-LRP5T244 transduced high level of Wnt signaling. Wnt3a inhibited cell proliferation in hMSC-LRP5WT and hMSC-LRP5T253, and this effect was associated with downregulation of DKK1. Both hMSC-LRP5WT and hMSC-LRP5T253 showed enhanced osteoblast differentiation and inhibited adipogenesis in vitro, and the opposite effect was observed in hMSC-LRP5T244. Similarly, hMSC-LRP5WT and hMSC-LRP5T253 but not hMSC-LRP5T244 formed ectopic mineralized bone when implanted subcutaneously with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate in SCID/NOD mice. Conclusions: LRP5 mutations and the level of Wnt signaling determine differentiation fate of hMSCs into osteoblasts or adipocytes. Activation of Wnt signaling can thus provide a novel approach to increase bone mass by preventing the age-related reciprocal decrease in osteogenesis and increase in adipogenesis.
Information Report on Biological Studies Conducted At the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: The objective of the present report was to investigate the environmental impact of the nuclear testes at Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology (IRSE). On 1949, biological center will be opened in the city of Kurchatov to monitor the radiological situation at the former Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS). Report focused on reviewing data on the health and environmental impacts resulting from the testing at STS. Key words: Kazakhstan Semipalatinsk Test Site Health effects
HEMORRHAGIC SYNDROME IN RATS FED IRRADIATED BEEF. Final Report, September 1, 1958 to July 15, 1961

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Results are summarized from a study of mechanisms involved in the induction of the hemorrhagic syndrome in rats fed irradiated beef. lt was found that the addition of vitamin A is necessary to produce low prothrombins. The standard beef diet of Metta and Johnson lowers rat prothrombin if as little as 0.5 i.u. of vitamin A is added per gm of diet, while serious depression occurs if 5 or 50 i.u./gm are added. Other studies showed that casein has a protective effect while cold alcohol extraction makes casein and soy protein more hemorrhagenic. Certain lipids were found to lower prothrombin, notably squalene, while oxidation of soy oil and squalene renders them much more hypoprothrombinogenic. The most hemorrhagenic substance yet studied was found to be vitamin A acid. Its effects were 10 to 50 times more severe than vitamin A acetate in lowering prothrombin. The induced hypoprothrombinemia could be reversed or prevented by the addition of small amounts of vitamin K. (auth)
Leave her to Hollywood: a critical discourse on Gene Tierney and studio stardom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The objective of this dissertation was to investigate the working relationship between a studio and its contracted player, assessing precisely how the affiliation between the two would result in stardom for a specific actress. For the purposes of this dissertation, the partnership between Twentieth Century Fox and Gene Tierney provided a pertinent case study for the roles of a studio and star respectively. It was my firm belief before undertaking this investigation that Gene Tierney was an actress who has been somewhat neglected by academia, despite her vast contribution to American cinema. The following study therefore reflects an attempt to engage with the late star and provide an example of academic attention dedicated to Tierney’s profession. \n \nThe paper explores how three particular aspects of film history during the golden age of Hollywood were significantly allied to, and responsible for, the celebrated career of Gene Tierney. It critically evaluates the nature of the studio system, the notion of publicity, and the talent of the star to determine how Gene Tierney’s construction, endorsement and presentation were collaborative factors toward achieving stardom in 1940s American cinema. \n \nConsequently, the methodical process employed toward the composition of this dissertation, as well as the outcome it provided, were both stimulating and enlightening. Exclusive research was utilised including correspondence with renowned film historian Jeanine Basinger in an attempt to access important cinema archives. Throughout the investigation of this study along with its subsequent completion, there were two conclusions made which have delivered a significant impression upon the nature of this dissertation. The first of which is that I discovered how, and why, the studio system of 1940s Hollywood was such an advantageous environment for aspiring starlets. The second conclusion reached is the extent of Gene Tierney’s conscientious work ethic during the golden age, and why she is ultimately more deserving of recognition and respect amongst contemporary film symposiums.
Meaning Relations among Predicates

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The point of departure of this paper is a traditional distinction between two kinds of meaning relations, which we shall call relations of content and relations of intent. The subject of relations of intent has so far remained relatively unexplored. We intend to argue briefly that this subject fonns a legitimate and in all likelihood fruitful field of semantic inquiry, to explore the means whereby relations of intent may be formally represented, and to describe and investigate a class of artificial languages (semiinterpreted languages) in which statements concerning relations of intent may be formulated.
Understanding technology acceptance in smart agriculture: A systematic review of empirical research in crop production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Smart agriculture offers the potential to analyse agricultural data at a scale not previously possible. Researchers argue that the combination of rich data and intelligent decision support has the potential to improve productivity and profitability in agriculture, whilst also improving sustainability. We argue that achieving this potential requires not just on technological advancement, it also requires a detailed understanding of factors that impact technology acceptance in smart agriculture. Acceptance is necessary if technical advances are to translate into real-world impact. However, technology acceptance is complex and often poorly understood. This systematic review focuses on technology acceptance in prediction and decision support systems in crop production. Major databases were searched to identify papers that formally address technology acceptance and include detailed data. 16 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Common facilitators and barriers are identified, and papers are mapping against the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. This analysis showed that constructs including perceived effectiveness are addressed frequently, but others such as opportunity costs and burden have received less attention. The findings suggest the necessity for greater application of formal methods and the need for standardized, domain-specific methods to support this assessment.
Long R-P' by prolonged enhanced AV nodal conduction and reverse heart atrium.A case of latenct WPW syndrome developing tachycardia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Long R-P'tachycardia (R-P'間隔180ms, P'-R間隔80ms) を認めた52歳男性に対し電気生理学的検査を行なった.右房早期刺激により同一レートの頻拍が誘発された.この際, 心房エコーが左房側壁 (LA') , 低位右房 (A') , 高位右房 (HRA') の順にみられ, 心房興奮はHis束を通り心室 (V) へ伝わっていることから, 左室側の潜在性Kent束を逆伝導路とする房室リエントリー性頻拍と診断した.V-LA'間隔80msに対し, V-HRA'間隔は180msと延長を示し, これはR-P'間隔に一致した.一方, A'-V間隔150msと順行性房室伝導時間は短く, enhanced AV nodal conduction (EAVNC) の基準を満たす房室伝導の亢進を認めた.以上, 房室リエントリー性頻拍例で, 従来報告された潜在性Kent束の逆伝導時問の延長によらず, EAVNCと心房内逆伝導時間の延長による局所心房興奮のおくれにより心電図上long R-P'tachycardiaパターンを呈する場合のあることを報告した.
Oral health of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A review

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Leukemia is a malignancy of the bone marrow and blood. It is the most common childhood cancer in India. Advances in the treatment regimens have greatly increased the chances of survival. Both the disease and its treatment change the oral environment. In some cases, oral manifestations are the presenting feature of the disease and it will be the dentist′s responsibility to identify the underlying disorder and guide the diagnosis of the patient. Hence, the aim of present article is to review the literature concerning the oral health of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Preparation and Characteristics of an Environmentally Friendly Hyperbranched Flame Retardant Polyurethane Hybrid Containing Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Silicon

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

[[abstract]]The NCO functional group of 3-isocyanatoproplytriethoxysilane (IPTS) and the OH functional group of 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10H-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenantbrene-10-oxide (DOPO-BQ) were used to conduct an addition reaction. Following completion of the reaction, triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) was introduced to conduct a ring-opening reaction. Subsequently, a sol-gel method was used to initiate a hydrolysis-condensation reaction on TGIC-IPTS-DOPO-BQ to form a hyperbranched nitrogen-phosphorous-silicon (HBNPSi) flame retardant. This flame retardant was incorporated into a polyurethane (PU) matrix to prepare a hybrid material. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), UV-VIS spectrophotometry, and Raman analysis were conducted to characterize the structure and analyze the transparency, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and residual char to understand the flame retardant mechanism of the prepared hybrid material. After the flame retardant was added, the maximum degradation rate decreased from -36 to -17 wt.%/min, the integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) increased from 348 to 488 degrees C, and the char yield increased from 0.7 to 8.1 wt.%. The aforementioned results verified that the thermal stability of PU can be improved after adding HBNPSi. The LOI analysis indicated that the pristine PU was flammable because the LOI of pristine PU was only 19. When the content of added HBNPSi was 40%, the LOI value was 26; thus the PU hybrid became nonflammable.
Analisis Pelanggaran Hak Pada Manusia Yang Dilakukan Oleh Organisasi Yang Ada Di Papua

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The implementation of human rights in Papua has been a matter of national and international concern for several decades. This prolonged conflict can involve various factors, including government organizations. Violations of this right can be carried out by other organizations in Papua and can have an impact on the local community. Papua has a long history of conflict, armed conflict between the army and separatist groups such as the Papuan Organization which has caused various violations of rights. Not only that, there are also various military operations that can be carried out to control the security situation, which often results in accusations of serious violations of rights. Many efforts were involved in solving this case, namely by using torture and other violence. The existence of this case certainly has various impacts, one of which is that these violations have resulted in psychological trauma, insecurity, and also a decline in the quality of life of the people in Papua. In addition, distrust of the government and security agencies is increasing, exacerbating conflict situations and can also hamper the peace process.
Identifying sociodemographic risk factors associated with residential fire fatalities: a matched case control study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the association between sociodemographic factors and residential fire fatalities in Sweden. A majority of fatal fires occur in housing. An understanding of risk factors and risk groups is a must for well-founded decisions regarding targeted prevention efforts. There is a lack of consideration of the interrelation between sociodemographic factors and fire fatalities and there is a lack of high quality large-scale studies. Methods In this matched case-control study, residential fire fatalities (cases, n=850) (age above 19 years old) were identified in the national register on fatal fires. Four controls per case were randomly matched by gender and age. ORs were calculated to assess the association between different sociodemographic factors with residential fire fatalities using conditional logistic regression. Results Having low income, receiving social allowance and receiving health-related early retirement pension were associated with an increased risk of dying in residential fires. The results also show clearly that adults dying in residential fires to a significantly lower extent were living together with a partner, were in work, were highly educated and lived in urban areas. However, contrary to previous research, living in rented apartments appeared not to influence the risk of death. Conclusions In this study, we show that fatalities due to residential fires in Sweden are associated with some but not all of previously published sociodemographic risk factors. The results provide valuable information that can improve the guiding and targeting of fire mortality prevention strategies in Sweden.
Je-Desto, Je-Umso: An Analysis of the German Comparative Correlative Construction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper argues that German je-desto -sentences are regular verb-second structures. Unlike left-dislocation(-like) structures (such as wenn-dann -clauses or free relative clause constructions with case mis-match and resumption), je-desto -strings are normal, regular prefield structures. A proposal from the literature is developed further, accord-ing to which je -clauses, like relative clauses, belong structurally to the clausal constituent into which they are integrated. The head of these constituents remains in its canonical middle field position, whereas relative as well as je -clauses usually extrapose to the right. If the host constituent is moved to the prefield, the attributive clause is carried along with it, with the je -clause realized initially and the relative clause usually finally. However, relatives may also precede their head noun. Such an analysis highlights the common features of clause types that are otherwise treated as fundamentally distinct from one another, without denying the differences and postulating construction-specific verb-third realizations. In addition, various other realization options are discussed and dismissed as grammatical illusions.*