jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Climate, nuclear weapons control and cyber threats: three problems or one?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article analyzes a set of problems related to the mutual influence of three global challenges ofour time, which will determine the configuration of modern society in the medium and long term: climate change, nuclear arms control and cyber threats. The study reveals the role of each of the components and the prospects for their transformation for Russia, the United States and European states. Priority scenarios of state policy within the framework of nuclear deterrence and information security are substantiated. The experience of recent decades reveals that the rejection of security treaties, as a rule, weakens the security of States, rather than strengthens it. Thus, in the course of the study, strategic objectives, the content side and policy options of the Russian Federation in the current international situation were considered, conclusions were drawn regarding the optimality of the chosen strategies for interaction with European partners in the field of arms control, the climate agenda and cyber threats. The authors conclude that it is necessary to create a new generation security architecture through informal consultations on strategic stability, which determine the negotiation plan to be discussed at official negotiations between Russia and the United States. In addition, the authors prove that in the foreseeable future, climate change will have a negative impact on the activities of armies and increase the frequency of their deployment in crisis situations. For this reason, competitive advantages in the defense sector will be determined by the ability of the command to adapt to climate change,reduce damage to military infrastructure and minimise the risks of resource losses due to natural disasters and extreme weather conditions.
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients With Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by 133 Xe clearance method in 44 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HIH) within three weeks from attack. Mean CBF in cases with the more disturbed consciousness was the lower value. There was no definite relationship between mean CBF and the duration from last stroke to measurement. In 44 cases, 35 showed hematoma of so-called "lateral type" and nine showed a "mesial type." There was no difference of mean CBF between these two groups. In the group with lateral-type hematoma, 14 cases were thought to show large space-occupying signs, and their mean CBF was significantly lower than that of the other 21 cases. In 16 cases, relative hyperemic regions were observed in both the focal and nonfocal areas. In seven cases, relative ischemic regions were frequently in nonfocus rather than focus. Response of hyperemic region to carbon dioxide was good in seven and poor in three regions in focal area, and was good in eight and poor in one region in nonfocal area. Reactivity of ischemic region to 5% CO 2 inhalation was good in three and poor in zero regions in focus, and was good in three and poor in two regions in nonfocus. Early venous filling (EVF) was observed in 13 cases and all of them were with lateral-type hematomas. Only four out of 13 cases showed good correlation between angiographical findings and cerebral circulation.
Predicting circuit performance using circuit-level statistical timing analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Codes for RNA structure prediction based on energy minimization are usually very time and resource intensive. For this reason several codes have been significantly simplified: in some cases they are unable to predict complex secondary structures such as pseudoknots, while at other times they are able to predict structures with reduced lengths, or they are only able to predict some elementary and simple pseudoknots. Each of the existing codes has its strengths and weaknesses. Providing scientists with tools that are able to combine the strengths of the several codes is a worthwhile objective. To address this need, we present compPknots, a parallel framework that uses a combination of existing codes such as Pknots-RE and Pknots-RG, to predict RNA secondary structures concurrently and automatically compare them with reference structures from databases or literature. In this paper compPknots is used to compare and contrast the prediction accuracies of 217 RNA secondary structures from the PseudoBase database using Pknots-RE and Pknots-RG separately, or both together. Its parallel master-slave architecture allowed us to prove that combinations of prediction codes can provide scientists with higher prediction accuracies in a very short time. Key Words: MPI library, prediction accuracy, performance analysis. 1.
Art Therapy and Brain Dysfunction in a Patient with a Dementing Illness

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The clinical course of a patient whose dementing illness defied DSM III (APA, 1980) diagnostic labeling is followed. Through the patient's art therapy work, the author attempts to corroborate the patient's behavior and performance with clinical and medical tests. This information is then related to present-day knowledge of brain dysfunction and impairment and to the autopsy findings. Art therapy served a special role for the patient, providing him with self-esteem, grounding, and boundaries, as well as with an emotional outlet and means of communicating the realities of his disease. While his well-drawn houses somewhat disguise his impairments, his drawings of people clearly illustrate aspects of the organic disease—regression, depression, and psychotic ideation.
Religious literacy, chaplaincy, and spiritual care

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the number of places chaplains work expands in the United States and around the globe, this chapter considers the unique role chaplains and spiritual care providers occupy as facilitators of what this volume's editors call covenantal pluralism. Central is the idea that chaplaincy at its best embodies all the attributes of cross-cultural religious literacy (CCRL) and the ethos of covenantal pluralism and must, therefore, be central to what all chaplains learn in training. Too much conversation about chaplains today focuses on the supply of chaplains, as scholars and educators debate how chaplains should be trained, what endorsements or certifications are required, and how to continue to educate them over their careers. Going forward, the conversation needs to shift to demand. It is only from a detailed awareness of this demand that we can ensure that chaplains are trained in ways that center on the ideal of covenantal pluralism and support the change processes required in educational institutes to adopt this transformative model.
Effects of intravenous oxycodone alone or in combination with naltrexone on measures of respiratory depression: a randomized placebo-controlled study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Abuse of prescription opioids, particularly by intravenous (IV) administration, can cause respiratory depression and death. ALO-02, an abuse-deterrent opioid formulation, is designed to release sequestered naltrexone upon manipulation by crushing, thereby antagonizing the pharmacologic effects of oxycodone. This exploratory post-hoc analysis examined the effects of IV administration of simulated crushed ALO-02 on end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO 2 ), a surrogate marker of respiratory depression. Methods: Data were obtained from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-way crossover study in nondependent recreational opioid users that evaluated the abuse potential of IV administered oxycodone 20 mg + naltrexone 2.4 mg (simulating crushed ALO-02) versus oxycodone 20 mg or placebo. EtCO 2 was measured as a secondary endpoint using noninvasive capnography at baseline and postdose intervals, up to 24 h. Results: Baseline EtCO 2 (mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM)) values ( n = 33) were similar across treatments: 33.5 ± 0.9, 33.5 ± 0.8, and 34.0 ± 0.7 mmHg for oxycodone 20 mg + naltrexone 2.4 mg, oxycodone 20 mg, and placebo, respectively. After dosing, mean ± SEM of the maximum effect (E max ) on EtCO 2 was 37.5 ± 0.6, 40.5 ± 0.8, and 36.9 ± 0.6 mmHg for oxycodone 20 mg + naltrexone 2.4 mg, oxycodone 20 mg, and placebo, respectively. E max values were significantly lower for oxycodone 20 mg + naltrexone 2.4 mg versus oxycodone 20 mg ( p = 0.0005), and not different from placebo ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: This abuse-potential study suggests that naltrexone released from ALO-02 tampering by crushing attenuates oxycodone-induced increase of EtCO 2 in nondependent recreational opioid users.
Advanced coal-fueled industrial cogeneration gas turbine system

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This report covers the activity during the period from 2 June 1991 to 1 June 1992. The major areas of work include: the combustor sub-scale and full size testing, cleanup, coal fuel specification and processing, the Hot End Simulation rig and design of the engine parts required for use with the coal-fueled combustor island. To date Solar has demonstrated: Stable and efficient combustion burning coal-water mixtures using the Two Stage Slagging Combustor; Molten slag removal of over 97% using the slagging primary and the particulate removal impact separator; and on-site preparation of CWM is feasible. During the past year the following tasks were completed: The feasibility of on-site CWM preparation was demonstrated on the subscale TSSC. A water-cooled impactor was evaluated on the subscale TSSC; three tests were completed on the full size TSSC, the last one incorporating the PRIS; a total of 27 hours of operation on CWM at design temperature were accumulated using candle filters supplied by Refraction through Industrial Pump Filter; a target fuel specification was established and a fuel cost model developed which can identify sensitivities of specification parameters; analyses of the effects of slag on refractory materials were conducted; and modifications continued on the Hot End Simulation Rig to allow extended test times.
76‐1: Invited Paper: Can MicroLED Beat OLED?

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

As a self‐emissive technology, microLED displays retain all benefits of OLEDs and should be able to improve on many aspects, but will it be enough to guaranty success? In February 2024, leading proponent Apple canceled its microLED smartwatch project. More generally, as microLED keeps getting delayed and OLED keeps improving, the value proposition of microLED is shrinking. This paper looks at how the technology could deliver stronger differentiation.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROLLS-ROYCE PROPELLER TURBINE ENGINES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper opens with a review of the performance development of Rolls-Royce Propeller Turbine Engines up to and including the Tyne Engine (RB.109), and shows the improvement in both power output and specific fuel consumption and the means by which the improvements have been achieved.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It then examines the experience gained by the operation of the Dart engine in the Viscount aircraft and makes certain proposals for modification to the methods for testing engines suggested by this experience.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It describes the bench and flight testing which was carried out to define the problems of engine and propeller control with the propeller turbine engine and the current solutions to those problems for the different engine types. This section includes a description of the various safety devices which it has been necessary to include in the control system to prevent prohibitive drag or excessive engine speed following engine or control system failures.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper concludes with a review of the work done to assess the relative importance of the various factors affecting propeller noise and the conclusions reached.</div>
Perfect Hashing Base R-tree for multiple queries

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Indexing of data is important for the fast query response in the information retrieval. Support of multiple query on the multidimensional data is a challenging task. Indexing of multidimensional data received much attention recently. In this paper a new data structure Perfect Hash Base R-tree (PHR-tree) is proposed. Node of PHR-tree is expansion of traditional R-tree node with Perfect Hashing Index to support multiple queries efficiently. It supports point query on the multidimensional data efficiently. It provides space efficiency and fast response to query (O(log n)) on all type of queries.
Restless legs syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor:

We read with interest the articles by Becker et al.1 and Lin et al.2 regarding the effectiveness of pramipexole in the treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS). Prior to their report, we treated two patients with ropinirole and four patients with pramipexole for drug-resistant primary or secondary RLS. All patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for RLS.3 The characteristics of the patients are shown in the accompanying table. There are three men and three women with an average age of 70 years (range 64–85) and duration of illness ranging from 1 to 50 years. All patients had a trial of standard anti-RLS medications with partial or no response. The average …
Penentuan Indeks Bias Kaca Berdasarkan Pola Interferensi Cahaya Laser Terhambur Menggunakan Cermin Datar “Berdebu”

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Experiment on Interference Pattern of Laser Light Scattered Analysis using a "Dusty" Plane Mirror aims to determine the glass refractive index value. The dust samples used in this experiment are baby powder, chalk, rice flour, wood powder and beauty powder. The dust samples sprinkled over a clean mirror, so it will produce an interference pattern that can be seen on the screen. The results of the interference pattern are circular because the screen is perforated with a diameter of 0.01 m. Dust particle sample variation only affects the brightness level of interference patterns. Analysis of interference patterns using red laser pointers or green laser pointers will get the brightest interference patterns when using baby powder compared to other dust samples. Based on the resulting interference pattern, the refractive index value of the glass using a red laser pointer is 1.62 ± 0.04 and the weighted average value of the glass refractive index is 1.68 ± 0.02, whereas the refractive index value of glass using a green laser pointer is 1.74 ± 0.07 and the weighted average value of the refractive index of the glass is 1.79 ± 0.02
Competing Polities of Church and State in Mexican Texas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the weeks and months following Mexico’s war with Texas, elite Mexican generals returned home to their rural estates and city houses to write lengthy apologias about their role in the devastating and embarrassing loss. These shame-faced generals lashed out at each other, accusing former brothers-in-arms of gross malfeasance, dereliction of duty, and questionable honor. One exception to this pattern is José María Tornel y Mendívil, a statesman who had served as the Mexican Secretary of War during the conflict with Texas. Instead of hoisting blame onto his Mexican peers, Tornel pointed his scorn at the Texans.1 These barbaric Texans, even though they had been invited guests to Mexico and welcomed as new citizens, had never made the necessary concessions to become true Mexican citizens. Their resistance to assimilation took various forms, but none as insidious as their refusal to abide by Mexico’s religious establishment. This angered Tornel, in large part because the Mexican government had been clear in their expectations; a condition of the Anglo Americans’ emigration had been conversion to the Roman Catholic faith. Tornel castigated them: “The prohibition against the erection of places of worship and the practice of other cults than the Roman Catholic was the law of the land at the time when the colonists came and they agreed to conform to it. Why didn't they stay in their own country to raise temples in the vast solitude of the west?”2 In short, they knew the rules when they signed up, and so he was angry that religious toleration had been included in the Texans’ list of grievances against Mexico.
[Principle rules in establishing recommendations. Comparison of contemporary diabetes recommendations].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Creation of systematic guidelines for clinical use in diabetes emerges from the necessity of treatment quality improvement. Recommendations are validated according to current clinical data. Strength of recommendations is established based on systematic review of studies, each of which is of certain category due to its methodology. There exists an organization called Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation, the aim of which is to create homogenous quality assessment system and category of recommendations. It will be accomplished through the evaluation of data quality, creation of recommendations and defining its strength. The recommendations of NICE, ADA and PTD (Polish Diabetes Association) are very similar with regard to the significance of education of patients as well as performing frequent screening for late complications of diabetes and autoimmunological diseases. The recommendations are different when it comes to target glycemia (fasting blood glycemia, postprandial glycemia and HbA1c), especially depending on patient's age. The knowledge on the principles of recommendations creation and the symbols of recommendation's strength are essential for medical doctors taking care of diabetic patients while choosing the treatment method as well as the individualized approach towards every patient with diabetes.
A study on Dowager Cixi’s Yanling-Yishou-Dan of Qing Dynasty in a Japanese laboratory of biochemistry and molecular biology in 1990s: An attempt for TCM modernization

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) modernization has been proposed for many years, but the progress is still slow due to both ideological and technical obstacles. When I went to Japan in 1989, I found Japan has made a great progress on TCM by using modern technology. Therefore, I have studied a fine extract prepared from medicinal herbs (renamed Yi-Zhi-Yi-Shou, YZYS), a prescription of Dowager Cixi’s Yanling-Yishou-Dan of Qing Dynasty, with the current drug investigation strategies. I examined its antioxidant activity both in vitro and in vivo. The in-vitro studies found that YZYS possesses strong antioxidant capacity, such as scavenging various kinds of free radicals, and inhibits free radical-induced peroxidation of brain homogenate, microsomes, mitochondria, amino acids, deoxyribose and DNA. The in-vivo study with immobilization-induced emotional stress in rats, showed that YZYS effectively inhibits stress-induced stomach ulcers and oxidative damage in plasma and the brain. In addition, YZYS is shown to be non-toxic in both acute and chronic toxicity tests. These studies demonstrate that YZYS is a potent natural antioxidant and offer theoretical evidence for the beneficial effect of YZYS on health and brain functions, and that TCM prescriptions can be studied scientifically as modern medical drugs.
Developing a photographic memory application for Android

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile phones are no longer just a tool for communication in our daily lives; they now act as a multi-purpose instrument that helps us with our daily activities. We often tend to forget the minute details such as where did we park our car, our room number. To aid in this inconvenience in our daily lives, a mobile application could come in very handy for our day to day use. To develop such an application, it is necessary to identify a platform that would have the maximum reach and have a hassle free development. To this purpose the Android operating system was found to be most suitable. Throughout the project various software engineering methodologies were used as well as extra consideration when developing software for mobile platforms. Steps to create an effective and robust application were followed. After thorough research and brainstorming, the functionalities of the application were decided to include Geotagging, the process of acquiring the location of the current position via network or GPS and tag the data to the photo, a gallery to display pictures taken that specific application, and a map activity to point to the location that the picture was taken.
Passive mechanical factors governing head and neck movements at the onset of sudden falls in the cat.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The head and neck movements of 16 cats undergoing sudden, unexpected falls have been assessed as a study preliminary to the investigation of reflex responses to the same stimulus. Six of the cats were studied while normal, and similarly tested at a later date to examine for any changes induced by making these animals pitch and roll insensitive, or by labyrinthectomy. The head and neck always described a sterotyped pattern of movement, consisting of progressive dorsiflexion of the neck without rotation of the head in space. This was unaltered by partial or complete loss of eighth nerve function. These findings are consistent with the head and neck movements of a falling cat being predominantly passive in origin, at least for the first 200 msec or so of an unexpected fall.
Bridging Writing Manner Gap in Visual Instruction Tuning by Creating LLM-aligned Instructions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the realm of Large Multi-modal Models (LMMs), the instruction quality during the visual instruction tuning stage significantly influences the performance of modality alignment. In this paper, we assess the instruction quality from a unique perspective termed \textbf{Writing Manner}, which encompasses the selection of vocabulary, grammar and sentence structure to convey specific semantics. We argue that there exists a substantial writing manner gap between the visual instructions and the base Large Language Models (LLMs) within LMMs. This gap forces the pre-trained base LLMs to deviate from their original writing styles, leading to capability degradation of both base LLMs and LMMs. To bridge the writing manner gap while preserving the original semantics, we propose directly leveraging the base LLM to align the writing manner of soft-format visual instructions with that of the base LLM itself, resulting in novel LLM-aligned instructions. The manual writing manner evaluation results demonstrate that our approach successfully minimizes the writing manner gap. By utilizing LLM-aligned instructions, the baseline models LLaVA-7B and QwenVL demonstrate enhanced resistance to hallucinations and non-trivial comprehensive improvements across all $15$ visual and language benchmarks.