jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Information entropy of remote sensing images and its applications in image fusion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at improving radiometric resolution in remote sensing images of the new generation, this paper developed a method for double byte joint entropy based on proper quantization, which is known to affect entropy, and decorrelation of pixels and bands in multi-spectral images. Joint entropy for images is computed and analyzed, which is close to non-memory, implying that the result is more accurate. The proposed method can be used for the optimum bands selection and quality evaluation in image fusion, which is valuable for increasing precision in entropy analysis.
Pilot Project Central Asia: Assessing Impact of the Diploma in Human Rights Programme

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The ‘Pilot Project in Central Asia for the Human Rights Defenders’ Diploma Programme’ has sought both to strengthen substantive human rights knowledge and support a regional network among human rights defenders from Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. The pilot project provides a potential model for developing a multi-regional approach for the support of the practice and education of human rights defenders (HRDs).The project was carried out by the Human Rights and Social Justice Research Institute (HRSJ) at London Metropolitan University, the Law Department of Middlesex University, and the UK All Party Parliamentary Human Rights Group (PHRG).1 The project was funded by the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and the HRSJ Institute was the implementer of the project.We have had the privilege to work over the course of the last ten months with a diverse and dedicated group of human rights defenders (HRDs) from Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. This report reflects on that journey and has three aims. The first aim of this report is to describe activities carried out during the ‘Monitoring and Evaluation’ visit to Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan from February 19th – 25th, 2010, which was conducted as a final component of the ‘Pilot Project in Central Asia for the Human Rights Defenders’ Diploma Programme.’ The second aim of this report is to assess achievements made during the course of the project, and in particular, how the project was able to support the human rights defenders involved in the project. The third aim of this report is to set realistic goals for our further engagement in the Central Asia region, and to consider the broader aims of the Programme, based on our experiences in the Central Asia region.
High-Salinity Overpressured Fluids Associated with MVT Mineralization, Shady Dolomite (Cambrian), Virginia: ABSTRACT

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In Virginia, MVT Pb-Zn deposits are present in platform margin carbonates of the Lower Cambrian Shady Dolomite. Ore deposition occurred during late Paleozoic thrust faulting and was preceded by dissolution and brecciation of host carbonates, creating a porous and permeable network for later mineralizing fluids. Ore mineralization was followed by precipitation of saddle dolomite, authigenic quartz, and calcite. Large pseudosecondary fluid inclusions (up to 30-40 m) in authigenic quartz contain a liquid and vapor phase and halite daughter minerals. The L-V (L) occurred between 110 and 140C; total homogenization (by halite disappearance) occurred at 176-225C. Salinities, based on TM (halite), are estimated to be 31-33 wt. % NaCl equivalent, assuming a pure NaCl-H/sub 2/O system. However, Te (-26 to -25C) indicates the presence of divalent cations (Ca/sup 2//sup +/ and/or Mg/sup 2//sup +/). Minimum trapping pressures, estimated from the intersections of the inclusion isochores with the liquidus curves corresponding to inclusion salinities, range from 430 to 1,370 bars. The range of pressures and temperatures thus obtained exceeds that defined by hydrostatic load (100 bars/km), using the likely range of geothermal gradients (20-35C/km). The fluids forming the inclusions, therefore, were overpressured, which is consistent with other evidence indicating the former presencemore » of overpressured fluids. A minimum depth of formation calculated from the lowest temperature of total homogenization (176C) using a geothermal gradient of 35C/km is about 4-5 km, consistent with the estimated 5-km thick overlying Paleozoic section. Maximum burial depth estimated by projecting the isochores delimiting the P-T conditions of fluid inclusion formation up to a maximum temperature of 250C is about 6-7 km. This additional pressure could be generated by tectonic thickening during thrusting.« less
Nature, Respect for Nature, and the Human Scale of Values

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article I—The Presidential Address: Nature, Respect for Nature, and the Human Scale of Values Get access David Wiggins David Wiggins New College, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 100, Issue 1, 1 June 2000, Pages 1–32, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0066-7372.2003.00001.x Published: 24 July 2015
The unrealized project: the Moscow Kremlin as a museum city

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The published document «The Adaptation’s Project of the Moscow Kremlin’s Building to a Museum city» has appeared on June, 17th, 1917 in the time of the Provisional government. This is the typewritten text publishing by means of a hectograph. Authors of the document — the outstanding Russian art workers: architect R. I. Klein, critic I. E. Grabar, collector E. F. Vishnevsky, professor of the Moscow State University P. Langovoj and architect-collector I. A. Kuznetsov. All of them were the part of the Commission of the protection of the Kremlin and the Moscow palaces and the takeover of palace property (March 1917 — spring of 1918) that existed at the Moscow municipal duma. The project had a unique large-scale character: it suggested to convert the Kremlin into the basic Moscow museum centre and to concentrate all available museum and private collections in the center. The knowledge of the condition of the Kremlin relics and monuments and the plan’s scrupulousness distinguished this Project. The project has not been discussed in a press, did not become public, however domestic historians remember it.
The impact of social care expenditure at the end of life: a novel linkage study in Scotland

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACTBackgroundAnalyses of inpatient care admissions have shown that population ageing does not lead to an increase in future healthcare expenditure to the extent that might be expected and that remaining time to death (TTD) is an equally important cost element. But as people live longer and the onset of disease and death are postponed to older ages the utilisation of social care services is another major cost component for elderly people, in particular those with chronic diseases. However, there is a distinct lack of social care data in Scotland to estimate the impact of population ageing and TTD on social care expenditure. ObjectivesThis study aims to estimate the utilisation and associated costs of inpatient and home care services among end-of-life patients. It will also determine the feasibility of undertaking the linkage of home care service utilisation data, inpatient care episodes and death records. MethodsNHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (NHSGGC) social home care data (Cordia), Scottish Morbidity Records (SMR01) and death records (National Records for Scotland, NRS) will be utilised in order to estimate utilisation and costs for home care services and inpatient care at the end of life. The ‘Cordia’ data is available for the period September 2013 to November 2013 and includes information on the type, duration and frequency of home care services utilised. Costs will be assigned using ‘Personal Social Services Research Unit’ (PSSRU) costs. Using multilevel modelling techniques the association between TTD, age, demographic and socio-economic measures and expenditure on home care services will be estimated, while allowing the effect of covariates to vary over hierarchical levels, such as episode of care and the patient. Expected OutcomesThe wider literature suggests that contrary to inpatient care, costs at the end of life for the oldest old might be higher when considering elements of social care provision. The ‘Cordia’ data consists of 7,367 individuals with 1,620 observed deaths. Further results are forthcoming and findings will significantly add to the knowledge base in the area of population ageing and related health- and social care expenditure. This is a novel linkage and given the difficulties in obtaining social care data, this study will i) help to evaluate the feasibility of using these data for research, and ii) identify where costs at the end of life occur, thus facilitating more targeted approaches to end-of-life care.
Therapeutic effects of Origanum majorana and Propolis against nephrotoxicity induced by adenineHani M. AbdelsalamAbdelaziz A. DiabMansour H. Zahra

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study assessed the effect of marjoram, propolis, and their combination against adenine induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal dysfunction in male albino rats.Thirty-five rats weighing (200 ± 10 g) were divided into seven groups (n=5).The 1 st control group, the 2 nd adenine group (300 mg/kg), the 3 rd marjoram group (100 mg/kg), the 4 th propolis group (70 mg/kg), the 5 th adenine + marjoram group, the 6 th adenine + propolis group and the 7 th adenine + marjoram + propolis group, all treatments were given orally for 30 consecutive days.The results showed that adenine treatment caused renal disorders with extensive tubulointerstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, crystal formation and marked vessel calcification in the kidney tissue associated with increasing the plasma renal biomarkers.The oxidative stress markers lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content were increased with a significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione level.However, administration of marjoram and propolis separately or in combination improved kidney functions as they ameliorated the levels of renal function parameters and prevented oxidative stress.It can be concluded that marjoram and propolis in combination could cause an amazing improvement in the renal functions after adenine induced chronic renal failure and the histology of the kidney greatly recovered after the treatment with their combination.Thus, this surprise combination represents a new therapeutic strategy and gives good hope for a patient with CKD.
Utilitarianism and Economic Theory

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Utilitarianism is a family of moral and political philosophies according to which general utility or social welfare is ultimately the sole ethical value or good to be maximized. Normative economics endorsed a hedonistic version of utilitarianism from the latter part of the 18th century well into the 20th century. Despite the ordinalist revolution, some version of utilitarianism continues implicitly to serve as the ethical basis for economic policy judgements. While there are signs that this may be changing, economic theory has not yet moved decisively beyond utilitarianism, nor is it clear that it should.
Creazione di dati digitali (Digital Data Genesis) Capacità dinamica e sistemi informativi.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This report is an output of a research project co-financed by Grenoble Ecole de Management and Rhône Alpes French region. This study was conducted with the aim of understanding how Information Technology (IT) provides new opportunities to firms, specifically focusing on the role that such solutions play in the process and usage of digital data. Digital data are the focus of this project since data can provide new opportunities for firms: they have become a torrent flowing into every area of the global economy. In such a context, companies may have to deal with a high volume of transactional data, capturing trillions of bytes of information about their customers, suppliers, and operations. Millions of sensors are embedded in the physical world in devices such as mobile phones, smart energy meters, automobiles, and industrial machines that sense, create and communicate data in the "digitalized" age. Therefore, there is the need of understanding whether companies are ready for extracting value from digital data and for figuring out the more favorable conditions under which this happens.
Studies on the Constituents of Rosa sumbucina KOIDZ. var. pubescens KOIDZ.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

From Rosa sumbucina KOIDZ. var. pubescens KOIDZ. collected in Taiwan were isolated six compounds, β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin and hyperin.
SHARLI TEGIRMON BARABANI QOPLAMALARINING TAKOMILLASHTIRILGAN KONSTRUKSIYASINI ISHLAB CHIQISH

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this scientific paper, a significant role in the study of the main causes of factors affecting the failure of ball mills is played by the rate of slip on the surfaces of coatings at the expense of the friction forces that occur between the coating and the load current. Changing the slip rate has a major effect on the quality characteristics of the decay processes that determine the decay intensity. A change in the value of a certain pressure mainly only leads to a change in the intensity of Decay. The decay of Mill drum protectors will have different values depending on the location of the covers. In addition, this article shows the types of ore milling mills operating in hydrometallurgical plants under the Navoi mining and Metallurgical Combine JSC and their share, failure cases and coating failures. Based on the experiment conducted, coatings of improved new construction for the cylindrical part of their drum were proposed in order to reduce the duration of interruptions of ball mills, and the results obtained on their effectiveness were presented.
Complementary Correlational Profiles between Slow Wave Brain Oscillations and Working Memory Capacity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Working memory involves a range of functions, including maintenance of information and processing that information undisturbed by distraction. Neuroscientific studies have observed critical contributions from frontal and parietal brain regions during processing of cognitive demanding tasks. However, less is known about individual differences in the resting state and their association with working memory capacity. In this study, electrophysiological recordings were taken from thirty volunteers in eyes closed and eyes open conditions after completing the automated version of the operation span task. The results reveal two clusters of correlations: a midline-theta cluster and a parieto-temporal alpha cluster. The theta and alpha clusters have a negative and a positive correlation with operation span performance, respectively. These results are interpreted as individual differences in cognitive preparedness, with the centro-parietal region being critical in switching between outward and inward attention, with the balance of theta and alpha spectral power at Pz indicating to where cognitive resources are directed.
The Rise of Sovereign Wealth Funds: Definition, Organization, and Governance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The economic role of governments has, of course, been evolving rapidly over the past several decades. States have always and everywhere regulated private businesses to a greater or lesser degree, but many also chose to enter business as owners. Mostly from the Great Depression onwards, governments around the world launched (or nationalized) companies that produced goods and services sold to the nation's populaces, often under monopolistic regimes (Shleifer 1998; Megginson 2005). As these state-owned enterprises (SOEs) spread and citizens experienced the often poor quality of their output, disillusion with SOEs prompted governments to adopt a new policy of privatization. Since its introduction by Britain's Thatcher government in the early 1980s to a then-skeptical public, privatization now appears to be accepted as a legitimate—often a core—tool of statecraft by many of the world's over 190 national governments. Since 1977, governments around the world have raised over US$2.5 trillion by selling state-owned enterprises to private investors and corporations (Megginson 2013).KeywordsCorporate GovernanceCentral BankInstitutional InvestorPension FundHedge FundThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM SUCCESS AND ITS IMPLICATION ON ACCOUNTING INFORMATION QUALITY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Accounting Information System provides financial information and supports decision tasks in the coordination context, organizational activities control and strategic decision-making. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that affect accounting information system success and accounting information quality. It examines the influence of organizational commitment and culture on accounting information system success and its implication on accounting information quality. This study employed a survey conducted in Muhammadiyah higher education in Central Java, Indonesia. The data analysis for hypothesis testing was Structural Equation Modeling with Smart PLS (Partial Least Square). The main findings indicate that organizational commitment and culture have positive and significant affect on accounting information system success. Furthermore, the relation between accounting information system success is significantly related to accounting information quality.
Using camera traps to study behaviour in wild populations: a case study of the brown bear Ursus arctos

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Research on endangered species often relies on behavioural information to acquire data throughout a range of fields. The demographics of a population can be directly measured, yet the study of social behaviour, plasticity, and interactions is somewhat restricted. Brown bears are a species which, due to their solitary and wide-ranging ecology, are thought to rely heavily on chemical signals as a means of communication. Conducted off the west-coast of British Columbia, Canada, we used camera traps orientated towards bear marking trees to assess behavioural differences between age/sex classes, and by season, to interpret the function of chemical signalling in the species. With camera trapping technology advancing, we are now better equipped to study animal behaviour in less invasive ways in the field. By developing techniques we have been able to study complex interactions and behaviours not possible of bears in captivity. Non-invasive methods used in population assessment (e.g. DNA from hair snares) have begun to make use of scent marking behaviour. However, prior knowledge of the relationship between these sites and the species being studied is required to allow for better estimates to be derived, by accounting for behavioural bias in sampling.
Functional Material Gradients and Targeted Tribological Function of Locomotor Assemblies

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this chapter, we discuss the potential of biological functional grading to provide guidance to an integrated tribological solution. The discussion is facilitated through a detailed analysis of the structure and function of selective species of legless reptiles. Thus, we start by considering surface-subsurface property customization within the chosen reptile and discuss how such customization closely relates to optimizing the locomotion function of the reptile. To this end, we detail the targeted functional aspects of the surface substructure, and how material property gradients interact with surface topographical features to maintain the structural integrity of the skin and reduce friction resistance.
m-Government Security Response System: Predicting Citizens’ Adoption Behavior

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The participation of mobile technology could be a massive development to ensure the citizen's safety by linking various government agencies under the umbrella of the m-government (m-govt) security response system (SRS). Based on the novel phenomenon of m-govt SRS, this research provides a comprehensive theoretical model to discover citizens' adoption intention. Our findings proved that transparency and trust mediate the influence of information quality characteristics and channel characteristics, while perceived usefulness mediate the influence of awareness on citizens' intentions to use; which reduce uncertainty and enhance citizens' willingness to adopt the m-govt SRS. This study proved that perceived response time is a key construct in the context of providing m-govt SRS to enhance citizens' intention to use. The outcomes make a noteworthy contribution to theoretical literature and having practical implications regarding understanding various aspects of m-govt SRS adoption among citizens, which provide the broadest view to government agencies for successful implementation of these services.
A review of social disinhibition after traumatic brain injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acquired social disinhibition refers to a debilitating behavioural syndrome commonly reported after a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is characterized by inappropriate social behaviour, often described as immaturity and insensitivity towards others. These behaviours can have enduring effects on the social capability of the individual and their relationships with others. However, research into socially disinhibited behaviour after TBI has been thwarted by a lack of consensus in the literature on definition and measurement. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the definition, measurement, prevalence, associated outcomes, neuropathology, and underlying mechanisms of social disinhibition after TBI. In addition, suggestions are made for future research to further our understanding of this syndrome with the eventual aim of rehabilitating problematic behaviours. It is concluded that an improved understanding of what causes disinhibited behaviour after TBI will be necessary for the development of effective treatment strategies aimed at the rehabilitation of underlying impairments.
Dog Appeasing Pheromone prevents the testosterone surge, and may reduce contact-dominance and active-submission behaviours after interventions in captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) have a complex hierarchical social structure that can lead to aggression; resulting in morbidity and mortality of individuals separated from the pack, or during new pack formation. Aggression and stress might be attenuated by Dog Appeasing Pheromone (DAP). Our placebo-controlled, double-blinded study showed an increase in faecal androgen concentrations within the pack after temporary separation, immobilisation and reintroduction of placebo treated animals, but not for DAP treated individuals. Moreover, DAP treated packs tended to show lower rates of contact-dominance and activesubmission behaviour, but higher rates of non-contact dominance behaviour. Faecal corticosteroid levels rose after intervention in both treatments, probably due to immobilisation-related stress. These preliminary findings suggest that DAP could be a useful management tool to reduce hormones and behaviours potentially leading to aggression in captive African wild dogs.