jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hurricane evacuation failure: the role of social cohesion, social capital, and social control

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Existing research of evacuation behavior during hurricanes and flooding has focused primarily on individual demographic characteristics to understand why some households evacuate at higher rates than others. However, social factors such as access to social capital, levels of social control, and the extent of social cohesion also play a role in evacuation behavior. We hypothesize that the strength and direction of the associations between evacuation and personal and environmental attributes depend on social factors. The association of these social factors with evacuation may differ among different groups, particularly among highly integrated social groups. Analysis and interventions among sub-groups is necessary in order to better understand the impact of social factors on evacuation decision making and change evacuation behavior in the future. An awareness of the role of social factors and an acceptance of the limitations of demographic and socio-economic variables in predicting evacuation failure is a major step in a new direction for hurricane evacuation research. Issues of social vulnerability to natural hazards and the ability to respond and recover should also address factors beyond individual characteristics and include the characteristics of social groups. While social factors are generally considered to encourage evacuation, particularly for those with access to large networks and stocks of social capital, the potential for negative effects among certain groups are relatively unexamined. Our understanding of evacuation decision making is limited by its reliance on existing methods. The typical data collected following hurricanes has not resulted in generalizable theories of behavior and has for the most part lacked the theoretical framework and interdisciplinary nature of the project. While social resources may provide non-financial assets that can facilitate evacuation, these resources may lead to evacuation failure for some groups through downward leveling of norms, peer pressure, and other factors. While it is possible that improved planning, forecasting models, and educational messages can ease evacuations for many, these changes may not be robust enough to counteract the strength of social factors. Future interventions could take advantage of social factors to encourage protective behavior and empower local residents.
Intestinal Nematode Infection Ameliorates Experimental Colitis in Mice

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Epidemiological studies suggest that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is common in developed countries and rare in countries where intestinal nematode infections are common. T cells are critical in many immune responses, including those associated with IBD and nematode infection. Among the distinct T helper (Th) cell subsets, Th1-type immune response is predominantly associated with Crohn's disease, while many nematode infections generate a strong Th2 response. The reciprocal cross regulation between Th1 and Th2 cells suggests that generation of a Th2 response by nematodes could prevent or reduce the effects of Th1-mediated diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effect of polarizing the immune response toward the Th2 type, using intestinal nematode infection, on subsequent experimental colitis. Mice were infected with the intestinal nematode Trichinella spiralis and allowed to recover before colitis was induced with dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. The mice were sacrificed postcolitis to assess colonic damage macroscopically, histologically, and by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and Th cytokines. Prior nematode infection reduced the severity of colitis both macroscopically and histologically together with a decreased mortality and was correlated with a down-regulation of MPO activity, Th1-type cytokine expression in colonic tissue, and emergence of a Th2-type immune response. These results indicate a protective role of nematode infection in Th1 cell-driven inflammation and prompt consideration of a novel therapeutic strategy in IBD based on immunological distraction.
Determinants of Teacher Performance: Exploring the Role of Satisfaction and Motivation as Mediation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to determine job satisfaction and motivation as mediating the relationship between teacher certification and principal supervision of teacher performance. The research design used a quantitative approach to causality. To obtain research data using documentation instruments and distributing questionnaires online. The sample used in the study was 215 respondents. The basis for determining the sample is oriented towards a non-probability sampling approach using a purposive sampling formula. To test the mediating effect of satisfaction and the relationship between principal supervision and compensation on teacher performance, the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach with partial least squares analysis is used. Following the research results, Teacher certification has a significant effect on satisfaction and motivation, and teacher certification has no significant effect on teacher performance. The results of subsequent research and the principal's supervision have a significant effect on job satisfaction, motivation, and teacher performance. Furthermore, the results showed that job satisfaction could not mediate the relationship between teacher certification and principal school supervision of teacher performance for the first and second mediation tests. Then, for the third and fourth mediation tests, results were obtained, which stated that motivation could not mediate the relationship between teacher certification and supervision of school principals on teacher performance. Therefore, principal supervision has a significant effect on job satisfaction, motivation, and teacher performance.
A Rare Case of Kimura's Disease of the Epiglottis Treated with Herbal Medicine "Saibokutoh"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 72-year-old female with Kimura's disease in the epiglottis is reported. Although the patient was initially treated for epiglottitis, eosinophilic granuloma (Kimura's disease) was finally diagnosed by tissue biopsy. After consideraing the side effects of prolonged steroid usage an herbal medicine, “Saibokutoh”, was administered concurrently to relieve effects and facilitate weaning from steroid treatment. Local findings demonstrated a good condition without any change in lesion size and without complaints from the patient. Herbal Medicine seems to be useful as a steroid substitute when it is necessary administer steroids for a prolonged period.
Morphological Changes in the Renal Macula densa During Natriuresis and Diuresis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Morphological changes in the macula densa have been studied during the infusion of diuretic agents into the renal artery of anesthetized dogs. The kidneys were fixed by rapid high pressure perfusion with glutaraldehyde. Large basolateral intercellular spaces were seen between macula densa cells in control kidneys, but the number and extent of these spaces were strikingly reduced during the natriuresis and diuresis induced by the infusion of frusemide, ethacrynic acid or mannitol. Natriuresis and diuresis produced by the intravenous infusion of large volumes of 0.9% NaCl solution also resulted in closure of these spaces. No simple relationship existed between changes in plasma renin activity and closure of the spaces between macula densa cells during these procedures. A distinctive, membrane-bound, vesicle-containing structure was identified between the basolateral processes of the cells of each macula densa; the function of this structure awaits elucidation. We suggest that changes in the size of the basolateral intercellular spaces of the macula densa reflect changes in fluid flux between the distal tubule and the interstitium of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
Pre-processing of datasets with best feature selection and outlier removal techniques for a fair and robust model of software defect prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In software engineering, the most demanding task is to predict soft- ware defects. Usually, for predicting defects machine learning techniques are required. As we know in machine learning, datasets play a vital role on par with code. Before applying these techniques pre-processing of data is required for improving the model training process along with making fair and robust models. Pre-processing of the dataset is also done to achieve better accuracy and minimum execution time. In today’s scenario main challenge is to make the dataset fair with the help of pre-processing. Seeing this fact in this paper, we investigate the result of the data pre-processing with the help of best feature selec- tion along with different outlier removal techniques using four different machine learning classifiers and compared the result with the existing state-of-the-art methods. The techniques used for pre-processing include feature selection which is a Hybrid technique combination of Sequen- tial forward selection(SFS) and Sequential backward selection(SBS) developed by us and outlier removal techniques which are IQR, Z- score, Isolation Forest, and DBSCAN. Our findings suggest that the accuracy for module-based defect prediction increases when we pre- processed the dataset by applying feature selection with the outlier removal technique as compared to the feature selection technique only.
Tanning Beds, Rue, and Major Burns: An Alarming Association

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: Skin contact with phytotoxic chemicals present in Ruta graveolens L. and UV light exposure might cause a nonallergic contact dermatitis known as phytophotodermatitis. We present a major burns case report associated with the use of rue (an herb used in Colombia for cultural beliefs) before entering a tanning bed. The patient presented superficial wounds that evolved to deeper ones in a phytophotodermatitis reaction that acted as a chemical burn. The patient presented an estimated percentage of total burn surface area of 85% with second-degree burns. It took two and a half months to apply multiple debridements and bandage coverage before discharge. One month later, the patient presented a dark purplish pigmentation mainly in the lower limbs. Since ancient times, rue has been used as part of medical pharmacy, insecticidal activities, and for superstitious purposes. In many countries, rue is used as part of an elixir that helps with bad luck, envy, and anguish, and the risks associated with those uses are unknown. This is a critical and alarming public health problem. Awareness of possible complications that could develop after rue and tanning beds should encourage patients and physicians to prevent and treat this dangerous combination.
Bumper landings of Arius dussumieri at Nawabundar.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Marine catfish production showed a continuously declining trend all along the Indian coast, heavy landings of A. dussumieri has been recorded at Nawabundar landing centre. Black tip sea catfish locally known as "Khaga" forms an important seasonal fishery in the Dol nets operated at Nawabundar, contributing 5 to 16% of total fish catch with the annual Estimated catch (tonnes) & Effort of A. dussumieri landed at Nawabundar.
Association of human herpesvirus 6 with lymphoid malignancies in Iraqi patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) is associated with roseola infantum during childhood followed by life-long latency that periodically reactivated in immunocompromised individuals . In spite of several studies to establish the pathogenic role of HHV-6 in lymphoid malignancies, the issue is still controversial.
Objectives: This study was arranged to explore the association of HHV-6 infection in lymphoid malignancies using different serological and molecular techniques and to quantify the plasma viral load.
Patients and methods: This cross-sectional case control study was conducted in National Center for Hematological Diseases (NCHD) at Al-Mustansiriyah University and Baghdad Teaching Hospital (BTH) in Baghdad-Iraq from September 2013 till April 2015. The patient group consists of 11 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and 39 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of both sexes. The age range was between 15-80 years. The diagnosis of lymphomas was based on hematological and histopathological criteria. 59 apparently healthy individuals were enrolled as control group. They were chosen from unpaid blood donors. The age range was between 18-59 years. Human privacy was respected by taken participant's oral consensus. The seropositivity rate of anti-HHV-6 IgG and IgM antibodies were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescent test (IFAT). The molecular detection and determination of plasma viral DNA load was achieved by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). All data were statistically analyzed, and P values < 0.05 were considered significant.
Results: The anti-HHV-6 IgG positivity rate by IFAT was insignificantly higher in HL (81.8% vs 61.0% p=0.186) and NHL (64.1% vs 61.0%, p =0.758) compared to control group. The anti-HHV-6 IgG positivity rate by ELISA was 81.8% in HL, 84.6% in NHL versus 72.9 % in controls which were insignificant in both groups (p=0.534 and p=0.173) respectively. The anti-HHV-6 IgM positivity rate by ELISA technique among patients with HL was significantly higher compared to controls (27.2% vs 6.8%, p= 0.038), but not significant in NHL (17.9% vs 6.8%, p= 0.086). HHV-6 DNA was detected in (27.3%) patients with HL by PCR technique, but none of the controls or NHL patients was positive. The plasma viral DNA load of the patient with HL was
1.4± 0.3 x105 copies/milliliter.
Conclusion: Although a higher anti-HHV-6 antibodies positivity rate among patients with HL and NHL, the pathogenic role of the virus in the development of these malignancies was difficult to be ascertain.
Hierarchical fiber-optic delamination detection system for carbon fiber reinforced plastic structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study develops a delamination detection system by extending our previous approach for monitoring surface cracks in a large-scale composite structure. In the new system, numerous thin glass capillaries are embedded into a composite structure, and internal pressure in the built-in capillary sensors, based on comparative vacuum monitoring (CVM), is maintained as a vacuum. When delamination is induced, the capillary sensors located within the delaminated area are breached, and atmospheric air flows into the capillaries. The consequent pressure change within the capillaries is then converted into axial strain in a surface-mounted optical fiber through a transducing mechanism, which is connected to the capillaries. By monitoring the strain distribution along the optical fiber, it is possible to identify a transducing mechanism in which the pressure change occurred and thus to specify the location of the delamination. This study begins by establishing a novel sensor embedding/extracting method. The airflow characteristic in the capillary sensors is then comprehensively evaluated, determining the basic performance of the new system. The proposed detection technique is validated by taking a step-by-step approach, and finally the hierarchical fiber-optic delamination detection system is demonstrated. A further advance to be combined with a self-healing concept is also discussed.
Supercontinuum generation in large mode-area microstructured fibers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Supercontinuum generation in large mode-area microstructured fibers is demonstrated by launching into the fiber ns pulses from a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The special properties of these fibers open the way to compact, single-mode, high-power supercontinuum sources with a low divergence of the output beam. The nonlinear phenomena leading to the formation of the broad spectrum are also described.
PERBEDAAN PENGARUH PAPARAN MUSIK MOZART, BEETHOVEN, DAN CHOPIN SELAMA KEBUNTINGAN TERHADAP INDEKS APOPTOSIS SEL NEURON DI CEREBELLUM Rattus norvegicus BARU LAHIR

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The efforts that can be done to improve brain cells in the prenatal period is the provision of nutrients and good stimulation. Exposure to classical music such as Mozart, Beethoven, and Chopin music can increase the wave of brain activity. During pregnancy, Mozart music is proven to decrease the apoptosis of neuronal. Analyzing the difference of apoptosis neuronal of cerebrum and cerebellum of newborn baby of Rattus norvegicus that are exposed to the Mozart, Beethoven, and Chopin music, and that is not exposed to music during pregnancy. Laboratory experimental research, posttestonly control group design. Subjects were female pregnant Rattus norvegicus, grouped into 4 random groups: 1 control group and 3 treatments groups; with 6 samples each. Subjects were super ovulated, and 65 dB intensity of music is played for an hour at 20.00-21.00 on the subjects on 10th day of pregnancy. On 20th day of pregnancy, the mothers was dissected using SC technique. 2 heaviest newborn babies of Rattus norvegicus were taken. Statistical test concluded there was significant differences of apoptosis neuronal of cerebellum of newborn babies of Rattus norvegicus among the exposure to Mozart, Beethoven, and Chopin music, and without the exposure to music with value of p=0,033 in cerebellum. In conclution, the exposure of Mozart’s music during pregnancy perform expression of BDNF cerebellum in the offspring-rat was higher than exposed Beethoven’s music, Chopin and not exposed to music.
Deterrence in the age of artificial intelligence and autonomy: a paradigm shift in nuclear deterrence theory and practice?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

How might nuclear deterrence be affected by the proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous systems? How might the introduction of intelligent machines affect human-to-human (and human-to-machine) deterrence? Are existing theories of deterrence still applicable in the age of AI and autonomy? The article builds on the rich body of work on nuclear deterrence theory and practice and highlights some of the variegated and contradictory – especially human cognitive psychological – effects of AI and autonomy for nuclear deterrence. It argues that existing theories of deterrence are not applicable in the age of AI and autonomy and introducing intelligent machines into the nuclear enterprise will affect nuclear deterrence in unexpected ways with fundamentally destabilising outcomes. The article speaks to a growing consensus calling for conceptual innovation and novel approaches to nuclear deterrence, building on nascent post-classical deterrence theorising that considers the implications of introducing non-human agents into human strategic interactions.
Basolateral plasma membranes of intestinal epithelial cells. Identification by lactoperoxidase-catalysed iodination and isolation after density perturbation with digitonin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. Lactoperoxidase-catalysed iodination was used to label intestinal epithelial cell sheets with 125I. The iodination was carried out under conditions that allowed little penetration of lactoperoxidase into the cells and membrane-bound 125I therefore provided an effective marker for following plasma-membrane fragments through subcellular-fractionation procedures. 2. After homogenization and isopycnic zonal centrifugation through sucrose gradients two peaks of membrane-bound 125I were detected. One coincided with brush border enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, disaccharidases and L-leucine β-naphthylamidase, whereas the other was coincident with the major peak of (Na++K+)-stimulated ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase), which has been thought to be concentrated in the basolateral plasma membranes of these cells. Neither peak of 125I reflected the distribution of any marker for an intracellular organelle. 3. A larger proportion of the (Na++K+)-stimulated ATPase, and thus of the basolateral plasma-membrane material, was found in a crude ‘mitochondrial’ fraction. It was not readiily separated from mitochondria by conventional techniques of subcellular fractionation. 4. Treatment of the ‘mitochondrial’ fraction with digitonin increased the density of basolateral plasma membrane but had little effect on mitochondrial density. A purified preparation of digitonin-loaded basolateral plasma membranes was isolated at a density of 1.20-1.22 by isopycnic centrifugation. 5. The enzymic composition of this preparation of basolateral plasma membranes is compared with previous preparations isolated from intestinal mucosal ‘scrape’ materials and from isolated cells.
Special Issue ‘deontic modalities in natural language’—selected and revised papers from the 12th International Conference on Deontic Logic and Normative Systems (DEON 2014)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Special Issue ‘deontic modalities in natural language’—selected and revised papers from the 12th International Conference on Deontic Logic and Normative Systems (DEON 2014) Get access Journal of Logic and Computation, Volume 29, Issue 3, July 2019, Pages 319–320, https://doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exw010 Published: 08 June 2016
Thyroid Function in Hypophysectomized Mice Bearing Intraocular Pituitary Implants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intraocular hypophysial transplants in hypophysectomized mice did not maintain body weight or the weights of thyroid, ovaries, adrenals, or uterus significantly above those of hypophysectomized controls. Nevertheless, the implants were able to maintain a radioiodine uptake per unit thyroid weight and a thyroid serum iodide ratio at 2/3 the level of the intact controls. This indicates that thyroid function and thyroid size are not necessarily correlated in the mouse and that the former can be maintained to considerable degree in the absence of the normal hypophysial anatomical relationship.
Retained PAX2 expression associated with DNA mismatch repair deficiency in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims Loss of expression of tumour suppressor PAX2 and MMR deficiency (dMMR) has been frequently seen in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEC). However, the relationship between PAX2 expression and MMR status is unknown. Methods and Results We studied the PAX2 expression and examined its association with MMR status at the protein and genetic levels in 180 cases of EEC. Overall, total loss of PAX2 expression was found in about 70%, while retained PAX2 expression was seen in 30% of EEC. Among 125 cases with loss of PAX2, 68.8% were found in EECs with pMMR, while 31.2% were seen in those with dMMR. Among 55 cases of EECs with retained PAX2 expression, 92.7% were EECs with dMMR and 7.3% were those with pMMR ( P < 0.001). While dMMR cases with MLH1 hypermethylation show almost equal retained or loss of PAX2 expression (52% versus 48%), dMMR with genetic alterations had significantly more retained PAX2 expression than loss of PAX2 (92.3% versus 7.7%), regardless of somatic or germline mutations. Loss of PAX2 was observed in 97.3% of dMMR with MLH1 hypermethylation compared to 2.7% of dMMR with genetic alterations ( P < 0.001). Aggressive features such as higher tumour grades (FIGO 2–3) and advanced clinical stage (T2–T4) were significantly more frequently seen in dMMR with retained PAX2 expression, compared those to pMMR with loss of PAX2 expression. Conclusion Our study demonstrates a close correlation between retained PAX2 expression and dMMR in EEC. The molecular mechanism and clinical significance linking these two pathways in EEC remains to be unravelled.