jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Economic Evaluation Analyses of Reducing Surgical Site Infection after Cesarean Section in a Norwegian Hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Today, policy makers are under pressure to improve the quality of care and decrease healthcare costs. Taking into consideration the important effect of adverse events such as Surgical Site Infections (SSI) after Cesarean Section (CS) on both quality and costs of healthcare, implementation of quality improvement programs have became an area of attention. There are increasing evidences that it is possible to improve the quality of provided healthcare, and at the same time reduce the costs. \nObjective: To identify, measure, value, and compare the costs and consequences of the New Bundle of Interventions (NBI), a quality improvement program, introduced at the maternity clinic of Bærum Hospital. In addition, it will be investigated if the NBI is cost-effective and increases the net value for the society. \nSample Group: All Cesarean Section patients at the Maternity Clinic of Bærum hospital who experienced surgical site infection, and are registered in the Norwegian Surveillance System for hospital acquired infections (NOIS) between 2006 and 2010. \nMethod: A Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA), from both societal and health sector perspective, have been conducted in this study. Surgical site infections after cesarean sections avoided has been used as a measure of effect in CEA analysis, and patient’s maximum stated willingness-to-pay has been used for measuring the monetary value of the human pain and suffering due to SSI after CS. \nResults: Based on the data used in this study, implementation of the NBI could reduce the incidence rate of SSI after CS for 9.3%. The NBI showed as incremental cost-effectiveness ratio equal to 599 NOK. The estimated Net Social Benefit (NSB) in monetary terms by reducing the SSI in CS patients is about 2541 NOK. The cost savings for the health sector is estimated about to 637 NOK per CS patient. \nThe results from CEA and CBA analyses conducted in this study show that the new bundle intervention (NBI) implemented at the maternity clinic of Bærum hospital is beneficial and most likely cost-effective for both society and health sector.Thus, the NBI could improve quality and patient safety by reducing SSI after CS, and could saved costs for both society and health sector.
Antioxidant activities and emulsification properties of the new model systems of whey proteins and reduced sugars

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The final products formed from the various systems of the Maillard reactions possess different functional properties such as browning intensity, antioxidant activity, and emulsion stability. To study these properties and activities, different systems of whey proteins reaction with glucose and fructose at different concentrations to form a new model system of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) was observed. Results showed that high optical densities (peaks) at 280 and 420 nm indicated the formation of the intermediate stages of MRPs and the formation of advanced MRPs, respectively. Additionally, results showed that these Maillard reaction model systems possessed different antioxidant activities as demonstrated by DPPH and reducing power assays (20 - 93.2% and 40 - 90%, respectively) depending on the type and concentration of sugar, and the incubation time. The whey protein-fructose model system possessed high antioxidant activity (93.2%), and had the highest percentage on the emulsion stability index (75.4%). The whey protein-fructose model systems comprised the highest number of the studied model systems to form MRPs, and had highly powerful antioxidant activity and emulsifying index.
Evaluation of the Influence of Bone Density on Secondary Implant Stability After Maxillary Sinus Augmentation with and without Bone Grafting: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to examine the formation and density of new bone around dental implants inserted simultaneously after grafted versus non-grafted maxillary sinus floor augmentation and to correlate secondary implant stability to bone density.Twenty patients requiring the placement of implants in the posterior maxilla with deficient bone height were recruited for the study.Patients were randomly assigned to either group.The formation and density of new bone were evaluated using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, performed postoperatively and after 6 months.Pearson coefficient was used to correlate bone density and secondary implant stability in both groups.All implants achieved adequate primary stability and were successfully loaded.Both groups showed comparable secondary stability with a mean of (77.9 ± 3.9) for the grafted and (74.8 ± 5.6) for the non-grafted group.Bone density values were (973.6 ±142.5) and (443.7 ± 97.8), and bone height gain was (6.6 ± 0.5) and (6 ± 0.5) for the grafted and the non-grafted groups respectively, with the grafted group showing significantly higher values.Secondary stability showed a significant positive linear correlation with bone density in the grafted group (r = 0.549 at p ≤ 0.05).In conclusion, Sinus floor elevation with and without grafting is considered an acceptable and successful procedure with simultaneous implants placement.Furthermore, higher density values in the grafted sinuses resulted in higher secondary stability.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Focal adhesion kinase is required for intestinal regeneration and tumorigenesis downstream of Wnt/c-Myc signaling.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The intestinal epithelium has a remarkable capacity to regenerate after injury and DNA damage. Here, we show that the integrin effector protein Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is dispensable for normal intestinal homeostasis and DNA damage signaling, but is essential for intestinal regeneration following DNA damage. Given Wnt/c-Myc signaling is activated following intestinal regeneration, we investigated the functional importance of FAK following deletion of the Apc tumor suppressor protein within the intestinal epithelium. Following Apc loss, FAK expression increased in a c-Myc-dependent manner. Codeletion of Apc and Fak strongly reduced proliferation normally induced following Apc loss, and this was associated with reduced levels of phospho-Akt and suppression of intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc heterozygous mice. Thus, FAK is required downstream of Wnt Signaling, for Akt/mTOR activation, intestinal regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Importantly, this work suggests that FAK inhibitors may suppress tumorigenesis in patients at high risk of developing colorectal cancer.2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 20708588 Funding information This work was supported by: Worldwide Cancer Research, United Kingdom Grant ID: 10-0643 Cancer Research UK, United Kingdom Grant ID: C1295/A9590 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA129040 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA129040-01A2 Cancer Research UK, United Kingdom Grant ID: C157/A9148
Establishment and validation of in vitro models of the blood-saliva barrier

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Biologische in-vitro Modelle der Blut-Speichel Schranke bieten die Möglichkeit den Transport von Biomarkern vom Blut in den Speichel (oder umgekehrt) zu untersuchen, die sich für die Diagnose von Erkrankungen nützlich erweisen, sowie Therapieansätze für die lokale oder systemische Anwendung zu testen.Es ist essenziell, dass diese Barriere-Modelle eine ausgeprägte parazelluläre Barriere und Expression von relevanten Markern aufweisen, um vergleichbar zu den natürlich vorkommenden Barrieren zu sein. Heutzutage werden hauptsächlich in-vitro Modelle basierend auf Primärzellen verwendet, die den Nachteil haben wegen ihrer limitierten Kultivierungsdauer nur eine eingeschränkte Charakterisierung zu ermöglichen. Deshalb liegt der Fokus vermehrt auf in-vitro Modelle, die auf Tumorzelllinien und immortalisierten Zellen basieren, aber oft nur eine schwache Ausprägung der parazellulären Barriere aufweisen.Um diese Hürde zu überbrücken, wurden im Zuge dieser Doktorarbeit in-vitro Modelle der Blut-Speichel Schranke basierend auf Tumorzelllinien und immortalisierten Zellen mithilfe von Kultivierungsbedingungen und Medienzusammensetzungen auf ihre Ausbildung einer parazellulären Barriere optimiert. Zusätzlich wurden diese Modelle auf ihre Expressionsmuster relevanter Marker auf der mRNA/Protein-Ebene untersucht und unter anderem mit Biopsien oder in-vivo Literaturdaten verglichen.Angewendet wurden die charakterisierten in-vitro Modelle schließlich für Transportstudien mit Biomarkern, die im Blut vorkommen, um ihre Anwendung in der Speicheldiagnostik zu evaluieren und letzten Endes für Entzündungsstudien der Mundschleimhaut, die mit nichtsteroidale Antirheumatika (NSAR) behandelt wurden.Zusammengefasst, wurden hier Epithelmodelle Blut-Speichel Schranke basierend auf die Mundschleimhaut, Unterkieferspeicheldrüse (Glandula submandibularis) und Ohrspeicheldrüse (Glandula parotis) etabliert, optimiert und für Untersuchungen von molekularen Transportsystemen eingesetzt.
Knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19, prevalence of pre-existing conditions and access to essential resources in Somali IDP camps: a cross-sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives This study examined knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19, prevalence of pre-existing conditions and access to essential resources among residents of internally displaced person (IDP) camps in Somalia, where overcrowded settlements with weakened infrastructure, inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities, and limited access to health services make this vulnerable population particularly susceptible to a COVID-19 outbreak. Design A descriptive, cross-sectional survey. Setting Twelve IDP camps across six areas of the Lower Shabelle region in Somalia. Participants 401 adult Somali IDP camp residents. Results The majority of participants were female (86%) and had received no formal education (89%). While 58% reported being in ‘good’ health, half of the participants reported having one or more pre-existing conditions. Though 77% of respondents reported taking at least one COVID-19 preventative public health measure, respondents reported a lack of access to adequate sanitation, an inability to practice social distancing and nearly universal inability to receive a COVID-19 screening exam. Questions assessing knowledge surrounding COVID-19 prevention and treatment yielded answers of ‘I don’t know’ for roughly 50% of responses. The majority of participants were not familiar with basic information about the virus or confident that they could receive medical services if infected. 185 (47%) respondents indicated that camp living conditions needed to change to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Conclusion This study highlights low levels of COVID-19 knowledge and limited access to essential prevention and treatment resources among individuals living in Somali IDP camps. A massive influx of additional resources is required to adequately address COVID-19 in Somalia, starting with codesigning interventions to educate those individuals most vulnerable to infection.
Evaluation of Medication Adherence Among Prevalent Users in Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Diabetes Using Health Insurance Claims: A Population‐Based Cohort Study in Japan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Purpose Hypertension (HT), dyslipidemia (DL), and diabetes mellitus (DM) are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Despite the wide availability of medications to reduce this risk, poor adherence to medications remains an issue. The aim of this study is to evaluate medication adherence of prevalent users in these disease medications (HT, DL, DM) using claims data. Factors associated with non‐adherence were also examined. Methods Of 7538 participants of the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study, 3693 (HT: 2702, DL: 2112, DM: 661) were identified as prevalent users of these disease medications. Information on lifestyle was collected through a questionnaire. Adherence was assessed by a proportion of days covered (PDC) and participants with PDC ≥0.8 were defined as adherent. Predictors of non‐adherence were determined by performing multivariable logistic regression. Results Medication adherence differed by treatment status. Among those without comorbidities, those with HT‐only showed the highest adherence (90.2%), followed by those with DM‐only (81.2%) and those with DL‐only (80.8%). Factors associated with non‐adherence in each medication group were skipping breakfast and poor understanding of medications among those with HT medications, females, having comorbidities, having a history of heart disease, and drinking habit among those with DL medications, and good sleep quality and skipping breakfast among those with DM medications. Conclusion While participants showed high medication adherence, differences were observed across medication groups. The identified predictors of non‐adherence could help target those in need of adherence support.
Strain-Induced Surface Roughening in Polycrystalline VT1-0 Titanium Specimens under Uniaxial Tension

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Surface roughening in uniaxially tensile specimens of commercially pure titanium VT1-0 has been investigated using electron backscatter diffraction, optical and atomic force microscopy, and numerical simulation. It is shown that intragranular slip leads to the rotation of surface grains, due to which the grain surface is inclined and a terrace is formed at the interface with neighboring grains. The effect of the crystallographic grain orientation on the grain shape change and the degree of grain rotation occurring under constrained plastic deformation is demonstrated.
Observer Based Fault Detection and Identification in Differential Algebraic Equations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fault detection and identification (FDI) are important tasks in most modern industrial and mechanical systems and processes. Many of these systems are most naturally modeled by differential algebraic equations. One approach to FDI is based on the use of observers and filters to detect and identify faults. The method presented here uses the least squares completion to compute an ODE that contains the solution of the DAE and applies the observer directly to this ODE. Robustness with respect to disturbances is also addressed by a frequency filtering technique.
Performance Information, Production Uncertainty, and Subjective Entitlements in Bargaining

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We experimentally explore the effect of performance information and production uncertainties on (i) subjective entitlements derived from the production process and (ii) bargaining over the jointly produced surplus. We hypothesize that performance information and details of the production process affect entitlements, which in turn influence bargaining behavior. We find that, without performance information, subjective entitlements are mostly mutually consistent, and bargaining mainly ends with an equal split. In stark contrast, negotiators derive strong, mutually inconsistent, subjective entitlements when there is performance information. These subjective entitlements affect opening proposals, concessions, and bargaining duration and lead to asymmetric agreements. Moreover, given performance information, endogenous variations in entitlements influence bargaining, suggesting an independent role of subjective entitlements. Production uncertainties influence bargaining, especially when performance information is present, but do not substantially mitigate the effect of entitlements. Theoretical bargaining models allowing for reference points or fairness principles can partly account for the empirical results. Yet, important aspects are left unexplained and our results suggest ways for extending these models. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.2012 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
More on the new Elsevier policy on postprint archiving

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Robin Peek, Elsevier Allows Open Access Self-Archiving, <em> Information Today </em> , June 7, 2004. Excerpt: &#34;In a move that has stunned both the publishing community and the academic world, major journal publisher Elsevier is going to permit Open Access self-archiving for almost all of its journal titles. Under the new policy it will permit authors to self-archive their materials.
3D plasmonic nanostructures for in-vitro applications in neuroscience and cell biology

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In the study of neuronal networks or other cell cultures it is essential to combine information about a single element with the connections developed throughout the whole system. Those data come from different space and time scales, therefore requiring the employment of various techniques to be acquired and combined. Unfortunately, connecting data from more than one experiment is often challenging and the many variables involved make the results difficult to correlate. Here we present a platform able to merge different techniques on the same device, reducing the variability of the system under investigation thanks to the simultaneous study of the single element and the collective behavior of various in-vitro mammalian cell cultures.
Appendices/Supplementary materials to Hägele, S., Grosse, E.H. and Ivanov, D. (2023) 'Supply chain resilience: a tertiary study', International Journal of Integrated Supply Management, 16 (1), 52-81. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJISM.2023.127660

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This document contains supplementary material to the article: Hägele, S., Grosse, E.H. and Ivanov, D. (2023) 'Supply chain resilience: a tertiary study', International Journal of Integrated Supply Management, 16 (1), 52-81. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJISM.2023.127660
THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER: RELATIONSHIP WITH EFFICIENCY OF CHEMOTHERAPY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chemotherapy is among the primary methods of treating advanced breast cancer. It was shown that clinical efficacy of various chemotherapeutic agents in many cases depends not only on their direct cytostatic and/or cytotoxic effect upon tumor cells, but also on their ability to modulate phenotype of the tumor cells and to influence anti-tumor immune response. Initial state of the immune system and its response to treatment is crucial. Antitumor response involves cells of innate and adaptive immunity (NK, NKT, T cells). These populations are heterogeneous and contain, e.g., cells with antitumor activity and regulatory (suppressor) cells that suppress immune response and promote tumor progression. The aim of this work was to determine the relationship between the initial state of cellular immunity of patients suffering from locally advanced breast cancer with triple negative phenotype, and clinical effect of chemotherapy (cisplatin + doxorubicin/paclitaxel), and studying effects of the therapy upon subpopulation profiles of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the patients. We registered the terms of the disease progression as well as overall survival and progression-free survival. The disease progressed in 25 of 53 cases (47.2%) whereas 28 of 53 patients (52.8%) remained progression-free. The observation period was 35.5 months. Laboratory examination of the patients included immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes and determination of NK cell cytotoxic activity before and after chemotherapy. Percentages of effectors and regulatory lymphocyte populations were determined. The results obtained showed that, for some lymphocyte subsets, the pre-treatment differences of cell percentage deviations from control were found between the progression-free groups and patients with progression of the disease. The differences in percentages of NKT cells and lymphocytes expressing CD25 activation marker proved to be most significant. Decreased number of NKT cells and activated CD25+ lymphocytes prior to chemotherapy was associated with increased probability of disease progression. Reduced percentage of NKT cells against control was observed in 56% of patients from the progression group (PD), and only 21.4% in the group free of disease progression (DF). [OR = 4.6 (95% CI 1.4 to 15.4)]. Percentage of CD25+ lymphocytes was decreased from 68.2% in the PD group, and 28.6% for DF patients [OR = 5.4 (95% CI 1.6-18.1)]. We studied relationships between the overall survival (OS) and percentage of perforin-containing NK, NKT, and T cells, and mean perforin fluorescence density (PFD) in these lymphocyte subsets in 26 of the 53 patients before treatment. A statistically significant positive correlation was revealed between OS and perforin PFD in all the three cell populations under study. Normalization of the parameters altered before treatment, and an increase of T cell numbers was observed in the disease-free patients.
Major Hepatic Resection in Hepatic Hydatidosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Ecchinococcal disease is still a serious problem in certain parts of the world, with liver as the most affected organ. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment of hydatidosis, but the optimal surgical procedure remains unsettled. Objective: Safety and efficacy of major hepatic resection in multiple and giant hepatic hydatidosis. Patients & Methods: 63 patients had hepatic hydatidosis associated with spleen, lung, and suprarenal hydatidosis were managed by major hepatic resection between April 2005 to April 2011. 43 (68%) males and 20 (32%) females, age range 8 - 56 years. Cysts were found in the liver only in 51 (81%) patients, liver with spleen in 5 (8%), liver, spleen with lung in 2 (3.1%), liver and lung in 4 (6.3%), liver and suprarenal in one patient (1.6%). Results: Multiple cysts were found in 38 (60%) and solitary cyst in 25 (40%) with Cysts diameter ≤5 cmin 22 (35%), 5 - 10 cm in 16 (25%), and 10 - 38 in 25 (40%). Right hepatectomy in 24 (38%), right trisectionectomy in 2 (3.2%), right hepatectomy with Segment III in 4 (6.3%), right hepatectomy with Segment I in 2 (3.2%), left hepatectomy in 12 (19%), left lateral sectionectomy in 6 (9.5%), left hepatectomy with Segment VI in 3 (4.8%), left lateral sectionectomy with right posterior sectionectomy in 2 (3.2%), right hepatectomy with splenectomy in 7 (11%) and right hepatectomy with right suprarenal in one (1.6%) patient were performed. Hospital stay was 4.2 (3 - 13 days) There was one mortality and 12 (19%) morbidities. No recurrence on follow up period (8 - 60 months) was observed. Conclusion: Radical procedure is safe and effective option for hepatic hydatidosis and should be performed when the entire lobe is diffusely involved by huge or multiple hydatidosis with little healthy liver tissue.
Differentiation of Drechslera graminea isolates by random-amplified polymorphic DNA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Isolates of Drechslera graminea, the causal agent of the barley leaf stripe disease were collected from different regions of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh and analysed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The genetic similarity among isolates was calculated using SAHN programme and the dendrogram constructed by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetical mean (UPGMA). The RAPD analyses showed intraspecific polymorphisms within the isolates. Drechslera graminea isolates were comprised of two major clusters, however, no correlation between the geographic origin of isolates and phylogenetic clusters was observed.