jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Explanatory Reports as a Means to Understand theLegislator-court Dialogue

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper focuses on the theoretical assumption that there
exists a constant dialogue between the legislator and
individual courts concerning the form and application of legal
rules. The legislator adopts a rule with certain intention and
with the more or less accurate prediction of its application.
The courts however use various methods of interpretation of
these rules and the historical one focusing mostly on the
intention of the legislator is only one of them. The paper
points out selected situations in the Czech law within the last
few years, concerning the existence of the legislator-court
dialogue and tries to delimit the character of arguments used
in legislative history, or explanatory reports, to influence
the court to see the rule and the area it governs in the way
the legislator does and persuade it to see these views as
decisive ones. Using the legislative history (or the
explanatory reports) as a means to understand the dialogue may
prove interesting from various points of view. The legislative
history, or explanatory reports, is used amongst the first
means to understand the intention of the legislator. However,
this paper shows that in certain cases it is not only a kind of
non-binding literature, but in certain cases it is more of a
literary fiction that anything which should be even considered
as normatively binding. Analysis of a draft of a rule and its
explanatory report along with the study of theory of legal
interpretation (and also legal argumentation and case law) can
actually answer the question how successful the legislator is
in his presumptions about the courts usage of the specific
rules and moreover, whether there actually exist the
legislator-court dialogue in the Czech legal environment in the
first place.
A high throughput spectral image microscopy system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A high throughput spectral image microscopy system is configured for rapid detection of rare cells in large populations. To overcome flow cytometry rates and use of fluorophore tags, a system architecture integrates sample mechanical handling, signal processors, and optics in a non-confocal version of light absorption and scattering spectroscopic microscopy. Spectral images with native contrast do not require the use of exogeneous stain to render cells with submicron resolution. Structure may be characterized without restriction to cell clusters of differentiation.
Isospora peromysci n. sp., I. californica n. sp., and I. hastingsi n. sp. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from Four Sympatric Species of White‐footed Mice (Peromyscus) in Central California

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SYNOPSIS. Isospora peromysci n. sp., I. californica n. sp., and I. hastingsi n. sp. are described from 4 Peromyscus species in Monterey County, Central California. I. peromysci n. sp. was found in 35 of 1,346 Peromyscus , including P. californicus, P. truei , and P. maniculatus; I. californica n. sp. was found in 15 Peromyscus , including P. californicus, P. boylii, P. truei , and P. maniculatus ; and I. hastingsi n. sp. was found in one P. truei. Endogenous forms of I. peromysci n. sp. are described from P. maniculatus , and host distribution and incidence of all species are given.
Immunotherapy-induced granulomatous reaction in patients with melanoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a new era in stage IV melanoma treatment. These agents are generally well tolerated but have specific side effects. The granulomatous reaction is one of such ICI–related adverse events. In this report, we present the cases of three patients with stage IV melanoma who all developed mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy during ICI treatment. While a complete response was observed in one patient, near complete responses were observed in the other two patients. Amid these favorable outcomes, all patients developed mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy approximately 6 months after the initiation of immunotherapy. Biopsies were performed to explore the underlying pathology of the lymph nodes, which revealed granulomatous reactions rather than metastases. Hence, immunotherapy was continued in all patients. The development of granulomatous lymphadenitis associated with ICIs may mimic disease recurrence/progression clinically and radiographically. Awareness of such type of adverse event is crucial to decide whether to continue therapy or not.
Stock status of giant catfish Netuma thalassina (Rüppell, 1837) from Tamil Nadu, India waters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Information on the stock status of giant catfish Netuma thalassina (Rüppell, 1837) is meagre due to lack of catch and effort data. Therefore, we reconstructed catch and effort data of the giant catfish fishery in Tamil Nadu, India waters from 2001 to 2020. Catch and effort data were analyzed with Catch and Effort Data Analysis (CEDA), Catch Maximum Sustainable Yield (CMSY) and the Bayesian state‐space implementation of the Schaefer production Model (BSM). Results indicated that giant catfish resources were fully exploited and reached the stage of overexploitation in 2014. Considering the high vulnerability to climate change, very high susceptibility to fishing, increased fishing effort and fully exploited status of giant catfish fishery, we propose a significant reduction of fishing effort to ensure sustainable exploitation.
Multi-criteria assessment of the development options for organizational and technological systems

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Practical justification and decision-making in construction is a difficult task. The customers formulate the terms of reference, on the basis of which, using the methods of comparing the solution options, determining their priority based on the degree of influence of organizational, technological, technical, economic and other factors, the solution options are developed and, therefore, a construction management system is formed as a whole. The development of the required action scenario is aimed at achieving the optimal end result. The decisive factor in this case is the final result of the functioning of the organizational and technical structure. This approach is fundamental in the formation of the organizational - technological management system, considered as a subsystem in the general system of construction production. Decision making is carried out in order to achieve the optimal (or most rational) end result when choosing a reliable technical or organizational-technological option. The backbone decisive factor is the specific system’s outcome.
Visual product search in mobile business and advertisement

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this report, the visual search application technology that allows the clients to upload images and information related to the products to the server and database that can help the users search for the queries by capturing an image using mobile phone is introduced. We propose a system architecture where by using this application, a client can upload and transmit the image and details of a book to the server and database. The user can capture a photo of a book and the image will be transmitted to the server. At the server, the query image features are extracted and used in the recognition from databases. Once identified, the result will be returned and displayed on the screen of the mobile device. In order to demonstrate this capability, we have designed and developed a Visual Search application. The mobile application designed by past year FYP students requires a web application to provide the server and database for the backstage and also for more platforms to operate. The web application can also be used for the clients to upload the images and data to the server and database as the source for the books. To further enhance the application contents and user interface, we enhance the application to allow the multiple data or multiple images to be uploaded together. We also enhance the integration between the web application and mobile application. Experimental results show that the web transmission system can upload single and multiple images to the server with the overall performance duration of less than 200ms for single image. The results can be seen in the server and through the web application. The multiple data in the correct form can also be uploaded to the database with 100% accuracy.
Literature Review of Studies on Motivations for Rural Tourism in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Rural tourism is an important part of tourism. The development of rural tourism meets people's demands for being simple and natural,caters for their cultural pursuit for beauty in life and nature,and therefore attracts the attention of tourism developers. Its growth will boost rural economic restructure,prompt relevant industries,motivates rural economy,helps with the settlement of the problems afflicting villages,farmers and agriculture,and contributes to coordinated urban-and-rural development. This paper,taking motivation for rural tourism as its research subject,conducts a systematic analysis and summary of its research process,contents and approaches in China.
Jesus in the Nag Hammadi Writings

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Book Review| October 01 1998 Jesus in the Nag Hammadi Writings Jesus in the Nag Hammadi Writings, Majella Franzmann. Charles W. Hedrick Charles W. Hedrick Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Biblical Literature (1998) 117 (3): 544–546. https://doi.org/10.2307/3266465 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Charles W. Hedrick; Jesus in the Nag Hammadi Writings. Journal of Biblical Literature 1 January 1998; 117 (3): 544–546. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3266465 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveSBL PressJournal of Biblical Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Accelerator mass spectrometry in biomedical dosimetry: relationship between low-level exposure and covalent binding of heterocyclic amine carcinogens to DNA.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is used to determine the amount of carcinogen covalently bound to mouse liver DNA (DNA adduct) following very low-level exposure to a 14C-labeled carcinogen. AMS is a highly sensitive method for counting long-lived but rare cosmogenic isotopes. While AMS is a tool of importance in the earth sciences, it has not been applied in biomedical research. The ability of AMS to assay rare isotope concentrations (10Be, 14C, 26Al, 41Ca, and 129I) in microgram amounts suggests that extension to the biomedical sciences is a natural and potentially powerful application of the technology. In this study, the relationship between exposure to low levels of 2-amino-3,8-dimethyl[2-14C]imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline and formation of DNA adducts is examined to establish the dynamic range of the technique and the potential sensitivity for biological measurements, as well as to evaluate the relationship between DNA adducts and low-dose carcinogen exposure. Instrument reproducibility in this study is 2%; sensitivity is 1 adduct per 10(11) nucleotides. Formation of adducts is linearly dependent on dose down to an exposure of 500 ng per kg of body weight. With the present measurements, we demonstrate at least 1 order of magnitude improvement over the best adduct detection sensitivity reported to date and 3-5 orders of magnitude improvement over other methods used for adduct measurement. An additional improvement of 2 orders of magnitude in sensitivity is suggested by preliminary experiments to develop bacterial hosts depleted in radiocarbon. Expanded applications involving human subjects, including clinical applications, are now expected because of the great detection sensitivity and small sample size requirements of AMS.
Metalloproteinases as biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease progression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

According to the World Health Organization, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the third leading cause of death in 2020, accounting for approximately 6% of all deaths. Aim. We studied how matrix metalloproteinases affect the likelihood and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods . The study included 60 patients aged 40 to 85 years with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (7 women and 53 men). The average age of the patients was 63.2 ± 8.3 years. The smoker index ranged from 10 to 118 pack/years. We divided all examined patients into two groups by the severity of the disease, by age, by the duration of the disease, and by the clinical forms. Results. Among the 60 examined patients, we did not identify a single patient with polymorphic variant C536T of TIMP-1 gene. All patients were homozygous and had the CC genotype. We found that only C-1562T polymorphism of MMP-9 gene is associated with severe COPD (p = 0.014), out of all studied variants of MMP-1, MMP-9, and MMP-12 genes. We did not find a reliable relationship between polymorphic variant C-1562T of MMP-9 gene and emphysematous changes in the lungs. We did not find a significant effect of polymorphic variants of MMP-1 and MMP-12 genes on the severity of COPD and the nature of structural changes in the lung tissue. As a result, we can assume that future studies should focus more on the relationship between the dominant pathogen and the level of matrix metalloproteinases. Understanding this relationship will allow us to influence the course and prognosis at an earlier stage of the disease. Our data on the leading role of polymorphism of MMP-1, MMP-9, and MMP-12 genes and other candidate genes are also confirmed by other recently published scientific papers. Conclusion. This study established the presence of genetic markers for a poor prognosis of COPD. Smokers and people subject to occupational hazards are most susceptible to these factors.
Hydrogen Gas-Rechargeable Metal Hydride Electrode for Ni-MH Battery

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Some nonbreakable pellets made of an alloy and metallic powder Ag or Ni were used as the anode in a Ni-MH battery such that the anode could be charged in hydrogen gas and discharged in electrolyte. The performance is influenced by the alloy properties, electrode porosity, hydrogen pressure, discharge current, electrolyte polarization, and contamination in the system. For the pellet , continuous discharge can proceed but only for a limited time. The lower porosity of the pellet may be the main problem. For the pellet , it can be discharged unlimitedly at a constant hydrogen pressure of 20 atm. When discharged with a fixed amount of hydrogen gas, the adsorbed hydrogen is immediately discharged on the surface rather than being absorbed into the bulk, and the discharge capacity comes mostly from the gaseous hydrogen rather than from the hydrogen already dissolved in the bulk of alloy. Therefore, the pellet acts more like a catalyst for hydrogen dissociation than as an absorbent. Furthermore, a minimum of of hydrogen pressure is required for the system to operate properly. It is suggested that, in order for such a system to operate better under the wet condition, a higher hydrogen gas pressure be maintained to accelerate the hydrogenation rate and more porous pellets be used for faster reaction kinetics.
First Performance Analysis of Full Polarimetric TanDEM-X Acquisitions in the Pursuit Monostatic Phase

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

TanDEM-X is a spaceborne mission consisting in two satellites that are operated simultaneously for bistatic SAR acquisitions. The flexibility offered by both SAR instruments allows the acquisition of full polarimetric data by activating the experimental dual-receive antenna (DRA) mode. For the first time on the TanDEM-X mission, it is possible to systematically command quad polarization acquisitions.
We have estimated the quality of such full polarimetric
products by a first interferometric performance analysis. The influence of different instrument parameters on the interferometric performance, such as chirp bandwidth or block adaptive quantization, have been investigated. In this paper first results are presented and recommendations for the optimization of the TanDEM-X quad polarization products are given.
Educational Approaches for Personnel in Vessel Traffic Services

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The role of Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) continues to evolve as a key partner in safe navigation, port efficiency and protection of the maritime environment and adjacent shore infrastructure. The personnel who carry out the duties related to VTS are trained in the specific elements and competences of VTS. The core elements of the training program have undergone revision based on over two decades of experience. The changes in the training reflect not only the features of the current maritime ecosystem but also educational training methodologies. This paper presents an overview of the requirements, and obligations, for VTS training. It also explores the role of VTS in port resource management, including the interactions between VTS, Pilots, Masters and allied services.
Fusion Plasma Theory Grant: Task 3, Auxiliary Radiofrequency Heating of Tokamaks. Annual report, November 16, 1992--November 15, 1993

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The research performed under this grant during the past year has been concentrated on the following several key tokamak ICRF (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies) coupling, heating and current drive issues. We have made progress in developing a ``3-D`` cavity backed antenna array code to examine ICRF coupling to general plasma edge profiles. The effects of the finite antenna length and feeders as well as Faraday shield blade angle are being examined. We are also developing an analysis to examine large k{perpendicular}{rho} gyroradius interaction between alpha or beam particles and ICRF waves. This topic has important applications in the areas of ICRF heating for deuterium-tritium fusion plasmas, TAE modes, ash removal and minority ion current drive. Research progress, publications, and conference and workshop presentations are summarized in this report.
Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis with a subacute onset

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE), also called Hurst’s encephalitis, is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by rapid progression and acute inflammation of the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. AHLE is currently considered as a rare, most severe variant of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Clinically AHLE is characterized by a fulminant course with a rapid development of encephalopathy and multifocal neurological symptoms. AHLE is associated with high mortality rate that requires immediate and aggressive treatment initiation. This article describes a case of AHLE with an atypical course, a subacute form, which is extremely rarely described in the literature, with the progressive symptoms’ development over several months. Due to delayed treatment initiation, unfortunately, a fatal outcome has been observed. Subsequent histological examination of the autopsy material confirmed the presence of a subacute form of AHLE in the patient.
Effectiveness of Consumption of a Combination of Citrus Fruit Flavonoids and Olive Leaf Polyphenols to Reduce Oxidation of Low-Density Lipoprotein in Treatment-Naïve Cardiovascular Risk Subjects: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to assess whether oral intake of a nutraceutical product (Citrolive™) could determine changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and other parameters of lipid metabolism and plasma atherogenic capacity. Citrolive™ is a commercial extract obtained from the combination of citrus fruit flavonoids and olive leaf extracts. Twenty-three untreated subjects (69.6% males, 30.4% females, mean age 41.9 ± 9.4 years) with cardiovascular risk factors and a total cholesterol level >200 mg/dL and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) > 130 mg/dL participated in a 3-month randomized double-blind controlled study. Participants in the intervention group (71.4% males, 28.6% females, mean age 42.7 ± 9.7 years) consumed Citrolive™ (500 mg, two capsules/day), and controls (66.7% males, 33.3% females, mean age 40.6 ± 9.4 years) received a matched placebo. At 3 months, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) decreased significantly in the intervention group from 93.8 ± 19.1 U/L to 62.8 ± 28.7 U/L (p < 0.05), whereas the control group increased from 98.2 ± 23.5 U/L to 105.7 ± 21.9 U/L (p = 0.1). Between-group differences were also significant (p < 0.05). Similar findings in the ox-LDL/LDL-C ratio were observed. Serum paraoxonase activity (PON1) increased significantly in the intervention group from 64.5 ± 15.6 U/L to 78.7 ± 28.8 U/L (p < 0.05) but remained unchanged in controls. Consumption of Citrolive™ for 3 months in treatment-naïve subjects with moderate risk of atherosclerosis was associated with a reduction in oxidized LDL-C and LDL-oxidase/LDL-C ratio as compared to controls.
Navigating cultural paradoxes: an integrative framework of leader cultural intelligence and paradoxical leadership behaviors

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We offer a theoretical framework based on the paradox theory of leadership to unpack and extend leader cultural intelligence (LCQ). Leaders need to be able make swift transitions between culturally diverse others on a daily basis, as they are confronted with diversity in colleagues, clients and stakeholders. This implies that they have to be able to adapt their leadership behaviors in function of the cultural context of the person and the situation, in order to be influential as a leader. We propose LCQ as an antecedent of (switching between) paradoxical leadership behaviors (PLB). We propose that LCQ consists of three elements, (1) LCQ/IC (integral complexity), (2) LCQ/BR (behavioral repertoire), and (3) LCQ/SR (meta-cognitive and emotional self-regulation), and functions as an antecedent of PLBs, which in turn predict intercultural leadership effectiveness.
Is Basque an Agglutinative Language? A Proposal for the Diachrony of Nominal Morphology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The title of this paper is reminiscent of de Rijk’s (1969) “Is Basque an SOV language?”. This SOV pattern, together with agglutination and ergativity are maybe the most characteristic features of Basque, or at least the most often mentioned ones. In this article, I will look at agglutination; whereas de Rijk dealt with word order issues from a synchronic point of view, I will deal with agglutination in diachronic terms. To that extent, both works only share the similarity of titles and the interest for labels that are typically used for Basque.