jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
GEOMETRIC MODEL OF THE NAZCA PLATE SUBDUCTION IN SOUTHWEST COLOMBIA

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A geometric model for the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American plate in southwestern of Colombia is proposed based on the relocation of hypocenters of local and distantearthquakes. By means of the simultaneous inversion of teleseismic P and SH body waves, the depths of the 15 events with Mw ≥ 5.8 were constrained, and the hypocenters of the 250 earthquakes recordedbetween 1990 and 2005 by the International Seismological Centre (ISC) and U.S. Geological Survey, National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) were constrained and relocated. A model is proposedfor the hypocentral sections taking into account the trench along of the Earth and Colombia-Ecuador.Three different possible shapes of subduction of the Nazca plate in the Colombia-Ecuador trench were obtained: The first configuration, in the Cali A segment, the dip angle changes from17º to 45º down to a maximum depth of 100km; the second configuration, in the Popayán B and Nariño C segments, the dip angle holds approximately constant at 30º down to a maximum depth of 200 km; and the third configuration, in the Quito D segment, the dip angle changes of 9º to 50º to a maximum depth 220 km. The maximum depth of seismicity along the Colombia-Ecuador trench shows two increases, the first between latitudes 4.5ºN-5ºN and the second between the latitudes 1ºS-2ºS, which suggest that the presence of the Malpelo and Carnegie Ridges may generate a differential blockage at the Pacific Colombia-Ecuador basin.
Using OSI for the exchange of information between financial institutions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The nature of financial information exchanged between banks, the relevance of open systems interconnection (OSI) to this exchange, and the use of particular OSI services are described. The author notes the small impact made to date by OSI on thinking at senior bank management level, and asks whether this is a failure of OSI as a product, or a failure of bank management to grasp new opportunities.< >
Diffusive, Linearly-Viscous Deformation of Temperate, Watery Ice at Stresses of 50-180 kPa

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Where ice deforms rapidly in ice streams and outlet glaciers&#8212;either near their beds or at depth in their lateral margins&#8212;it is commonly at its melting temperature and thus coexists with significant liquid water at crystal boundaries. Hence, the need to model accurately the deformation of this watery ice is acute. We present results from ice-deformation experiments conducted to tertiary creep on the watery, temperate ice relevant to fast glacier flow. Rings of lab-made polycrystalline ice are sheared in confined compression at either controlled stresses or strain rates, with liquid water content measured calorimetrically. The size of the apparatus and the durations of experiments allow stresses, strain rates, water contents, and ice grain sizes that fall within or span ranges expected in temperate glacier ice, eliminating the common need to extrapolate experimental parameter values to glacially relevant ranges. At stresses of 180-240 kPa, we find that the stress exponent in Glen&#8217;s law is n=3.1. However, at the smaller stresses that include most ice at glacier beds and most ice-stream shear margins, 50-180 kPa, we find that sufficiently watery temperate ice (0.7&#8211;1.9% liquid water) is linearly viscous (n=1.0). C-axis orientations of ice grains after shearing cluster sub-normal to the plane of shear, and a strong shape-preferred orientation of grains develops, with grain long axes rotated antithetic to shear an average of 15&#176; from the shear plane. To explain these observations, we propose a diffusive, micro-deformation mechanism that will be especially efficient in warm ice with sufficient liquid water: pressure-melting and refreezing at grain boundaries.
4. Distinguishing Between Genuine and False Memories

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In the context of most forensic situations, the issue of whether a memory is genuine concerns whether it is based on the witness’s experience at the time of an event or whether it comes from another source, such as from subsequent conversations with other witnesses or investigators or from exposure to media reports. Because memories do not come with “tags” that specify their source (e.g., whether the memory is based on perception rather than imagination), people must make such judgments by evaluating the characteristics of their memory representations (e.g., the Source Monitoring Framework). In this chapter, we focus on studies that explore psychological and neurological features that might differentiate between them. In addition, we review research that examines other means of distinguishing the veracity of memories, including studies investigating situations in which confidence can be a strong predictor of accuracy. Altogether, research in this area provides insight into the nature of decision processes in memory and suggests ways we might be able to improve the accuracy of eyewitness reports.
ASHMEN-an approach to ATM services over shared media networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The resource management for ASHMEN (ATM over Shared Media Networks) is concerned with Quality-of-Service (QoS) support and QoS provision in the local area networking environment in order to offer wide area ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) services over shared media networks. Based on a prototypical implementation, including the design of a highly flexible resource management scheme, empirical values in terms of statistical QoS guarantees for delay and throughput have been investigated. The approach developed determines that in-advance performance assumptions can be maintained during the operation of ATM connections between an ATM backbone and ASHMEN-capable end systems attached to a shared media network via an Attachment Device.
BROADCAST TELEVISION AS A CAUSE OF AGGRESSION? RECENT FINDINGS FROM A NATURALISTIC STUDY

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This sub‐study is part of a longitudinal naturalistic investigation monitoring the social behaviour of young children (3‐8‐year‐olds) before and after the arrival of broadcast television in St Helena, South Atlantic. Children's free‐play behaviour in first school playgrounds was videotaped in 1994 (pre‐tv), and in 1995 and 1996 (post‐tv), and then coded and analysed by trained observers. Findings showed no significant differences in children's behaviour either across the availability of broadcast television (i.e. CNN) or with the addition of further channels (CNN plus others).
A New Approach in Reducing NOx in Diesel Exhaust by Discharge Plasma Catalytic Activity in Composite Industry Wastes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Hazardous gases such as oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) come from fossil fuel combustion and, therefore, require special attention because there is a regular usage of fuel on a day‐to‐day basis. In the current work, a new methodology is proposed for diesel exhaust treatment involving electrical discharge plasma causing possible catalysis in a combination of two industrial wastes (composite waste) for removal of NO x . A dual‐metal film and helical wire reactor were used to generate surface discharge plasma at room temperature and pressure. Five composite wastes (CW), namely, waste tiles + foundry sand, copper slag + red mud, iron tailings + waste tiles, red mud + waste tiles, and foundry sand + red mud, were used to examine their catalytic properties. A 5‐kW diesel engine exhaust was sampled for laboratory experiments. The NO x removal efficiency, which was 16% under plasma‐alone treatment at a specific energy of 140 J/L, got enhanced to 80%–93% in plasma‐catalysis mode when CWs containing metal oxides were introduced into the plasma reactor. Further, it was verified that plasma catalysis with individual wastes yielded less NO x removal efficiency compared to that with CWs (40%–71% against 80%–93%), indicating the synergy of two wastes that are blended in the CWs.
Can Birds Be Used as Tools To Inform Resilient Farming and Environmental Care in the Development of Biodiversity-Friendly Market Accreditation Systems? Perspectives of New Zealand Sheep and Beef Farmers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Birds were used as a proxy for wider agroecosystem biodiversity and to examine attitudes and actions of New Zealand sheep and beef farmers toward biodiversity. Farmer interviews were complemented by analysis of a national farmer survey. Analysis of survey and interview responses indicate that farmers regard birds as components of a larger, complex system and bird presence as evidence of a healthy, robust farm environment. Willingness to shoulder responsibility for encouraging birds was linked to the financial constraints of doing so. Market accreditation systems were suggested as the most likely mechanism through which biodiversity conservation measures could be introduced.
Photosensitized oxidation of 1,1'-bi[benzocyclobutenylidene]

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotosensitized oxidation of 1,1'-bi[benzocyclobutenylidene]Aryeh A. Frimer and Joseph WeissCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 14, 3660–3667Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00066a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00066a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Glycosylated hemoglobin and raubasine in experimental streptozotocin diabetes].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Streptozotocin (Stz) diabetes was induced to study the changes of glycosylated hemoglobin in rats treated with raubasina (R), drug widely used in the vascular compliance of natural human diabetes. Raubasina reduced significantly the increase of glycosylated hemoglobin found in streptozotocin induced diabetes. These results support data obtained in clinical trials.
Water Splitting Processes on Mn4O4 and CaMn3O4 Model Cubane Systems

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Catalytic conversion of solar energy into chemical energy has been frequently investigated to develop clean energy sources in the last few decades. Metal oxide complexes show high potential for the catalytic conversion process, but the biochemical process in green plants has better efficiency than artificial photocatalysts consisting of metal oxides. In this work, the water splitting process is theoretically investigated using two synthetic model complexes whose structures are similar to the manganese-based oxygen evolving complex in photosystem II. Model A consists of four Mn atoms, and model B consists of three Mn atoms and a Ca atom in the core. Model A shows a better ability for water splitting than model B when comparing the highest reaction energy. The highest reaction energies are 2.56 and 2.99 eV for models A and B, respectively. In model B, the first oxidation in the water splitting process is exothermic, which is different from model A. In both models, the molecular oxygen generation step is endothermic by about 1.0-2.5 eV.
HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL CORRELATION OF PIH PLACENTA AND LOW DOSE ASPIRIN TREATED PLACENTA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: To correlate the histomorphological changes in PIH Placenta and low dose Aspirin received placenta.METHODS:This prospective study was conducted in 50 patients.They were divided into two groups.25 placentas were collected from PIH patients and 25 placentas from patients who were treated with prophylactic low dose aspirin [75 mg] from 28 th week of gestation.Results; Improved vascular bloodflow with reduced vessel wall changes and infarctswere noticed in the placenta of aspirin group.So there was a good placental weight and baby weight leading to a good neonatal outcome.
Comparative study of colorimetric and fluorometric determination of thiamine(vitamin B1) by an automated discrete-sampling technique

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparative study of colorimetric and fluorometric determination of thiamine(vitamin B1) by an automated discrete-sampling techniqueJohn Y. ParkCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 3, 452–458Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60353a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60353a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of Liquid Cargo Tank Overpressure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The phenomenon of cargo tank overpressure during transfer operations was analyzed and analytical models describing tank pressure rise during transfer operations were validated with scale model experiments. Factors examined affecting tank pressure were cargo properties, transfer rates, tank characteristics and vent system design. Findings indicate that typical vent systems employed today have adequate capacity for venting gas but inadequate capacity to vent liquid after the tank becomes liquid full. Furthermore, it appears that tank failure is inevitable for the case of liquid overfill unless loading rate(cu-ft per sec) to vent area (sq-ft) ratios are kept below 6ft/sec. Currently, most transfer operations exceed this value with tank failure expected less than one minute after the tank becomes liquid full. A method to evaluate the adequacy of existing cargo tanks against the overpressure hazard is presented.
Clinico-pathological aspects of vanishing endometrial cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AbstractAims: To assess the prevalence, pre-operative findings, and clinical outcomes of endometrial cancer (EMC) patients who had vanishing cancer. Methods: Patients who had pre-operative tissue diagnosis of EMC, and had surgical treatment including hysterectomy in the institution between 1995 and 2015 were identified. The patients who had no residual carcinoma in all pathologic specimens including the uterus were included. Pre-and post-operative clinico-pathological data were collected. Clinical outcomes including recurrence and survival of the patients were studied.Results: Among 422 patients who had tissue diagnosis of endometrial cancer, twenty patients had no residual cancer in the hysterectomy specimens. Three patients who had pre-operative radiation therapy or had evidence of endometrial cancer outside the uterus, so 17 patients (3.8%) were diagnosed as having vanishing cancer. One of the 17 patients, who had pre-operative endometrioid endometrial cancer, had adjuvant chemotherapy for synchronous serous carcinoma of fallopian tube. From a follow-up period of 62.7 months (range, 6.8-184.4 months), no recurrences were found. Only 2 patients were dead of other diseases. Conclusion: Patients with vanishing endometrial cancer had excellent prognosis. Adjuvant treatment may not be needed. However, periodic surveillance was still recommended because data were derived from only small number of patients. Keywords: Endometrial cancer; Vanishing cancer; Adjuvant treatment; Recurrence, Survival
Enzymes in Fruit Juice and Vegetable Processing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fruits are appreciated for their organoleptic and nutritional characteristics as minerals, vitamins, sugars, and other beneficial components (Klavons et al. 1991). Worldwide production of fruit recorded growth from 420 million tons during 1989-1991 to 500 million tons in 1996, 724.5 million tons in 2009 and 728.4 million tons in 2010. The three largest fruit producers in the world are China, India, and Brazil, which contribute with 43.6% of the world's total production; however, they basically cater to their domestic markets (FAO 2012; IBGE 2012). It is estimated that 25% to 80% of harvested fruit is lost during transportation and storage due to its high perishability; and hence, they require special care in both postharvest storage and processing (Cardoso 2011). In this context, processing of fruits and vegetables has improved with the production of juices, pulps, purees, jelly, dried fruit, sweets, and jams, which allows uninterrupted consumption, waste reduction, and increased consumption of processed products (Kosseva 2009).
Pengendalian Gulma Dengan Tanaman Sela Kacang Pada Budidaya Jagung Manis Tumpangsari

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An research on weed control with legumes in sweet corn intercropping was conducted in Kasihan, Bantul District of Yogyakarta on February to June 2003. The experiment was aimed to study the role of legume crop to control weed growth in the intercropping of sweet corn. The experiment was arranged in a single factor randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three blocks as replication. The treatment was the kind of legumes i.e groundnut, mungbean and soybean planted with sweetcorn in the ratio of 1: 1, 1:2, and 1:3 to be compared to sole crop of sweet com and legumes. The result of this experiment showed that legumes existence reduced light intensity on soil surface. Presence of legumes as second crop with ratio up to 1:3 was significantly reduced the weed growth but not significantly influenced growth and yield of sweet corn. The higher the ratio of sweet corn-legumes, the achievement of legumes yield and land equivalent ratio were higher.
Stereotaxic hypophyseal cryosurgery in acromegaly and other disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stereotaxic cryoablation of the sellar contents has been attempted in eight patients with pituitary tumors and in one patient with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal hyperplasia. All of six patients with acromegaly were greatly improved. Growth hormone assays confirmed the clinical data. Complications of rhinorrhea and diabetes insipidus occurred in one patient. Two patients with pituitary tumors—are with a recurrent chromophobe adenoma and the other with a chromophobe tumor associated with hyperpigmentation following adrenalectomy—had clinical remissions with no loss of pituitary function. The patient with Cushing's syndrome without evidence of pituitary tumor had no beneficial effect from the procedure and required bilateral adrenalectomy at a later date. Stereotaxic cryoablation appears to be a useful procedure in carefully selected cases of pituitary neoplasm.
Experimental Studies on Ultrasonic Vibration Grinding of the Workpiece Made from Fine-crystalline Zirconia Ceramics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The performances of fine-crystalline zirconia ceramics in workpiece ultrasonic vibration grinding (WUVG) and conventional grinding (CG) with diamond wheel were researched. The effects of WUVG and CG on material removal rate, grinding forces, surface roughness and microstructure of zirconia ceramic were investigated. Experimental results indicated that: (1) The material removal rate (MRR) in ultrasonic grinding process is two times as large as that of in conventional grinding. The material removal rate increases with increasing grinding depth in both ultrasonic grinding and conventional grinding. (2) The ultrasonic vibration grinding force is lower than that of conventional grinding force, and the increase of the worktable speed leads to a decrease of the grinding force, while the grinding force increases with larger grinding depth in both WUVG and CG. (3) The surface of ultrasonic vibration grinding has no spur and build-up edge and its surface roughness is smaller than that of CG significantly. Surface quality of WUVG is superior to that of conventional grinding, it is easy for ultrasonic vibration grinding that material removal mechanism is ductile grinding.
The Mediating Role of Destination Image in the Relationship Between Event Image and Tourists' Behavioural Intentions Towards the Destination: The Case of Music Festivals in Morocco

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical understanding and empirical examination of the mediating role of destination image in the relationship between event image and tourists' behavioural intentions towards the destination. A conceptual model was developed based on an extensive literature review. The survey was conducted among 514 tourists who attended music festivals in Morocco and structural equation modelling based on the PLS method was used to validate the research model. The results show that the image of the event has a direct and positive impact on the image of the destination, providing empirical support for the theory of image transfer. Destination image is a significant predictor of behavioural intention, and destination image mediates between event image and behavioural intention towards the host city. These results can help destination marketers to make more proactive use of events in destination management. The study developed a distinct model and focused on music festivals, which is new because most of the other studies on the subject have concentrated on a single event, usually a sporting event.