jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Finding Extremal Periodic Orbits with Polynomial Optimization, with Application to a Nine-Mode Model of Shear Flow

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Tobasco et al. [Phys. Lett. A, 382:382–386, 2018] recently suggested that trajectories of ODE systems that optimize the inﬁnite-time average of a certain observable can be localized using sublevel sets of a function that arise when bounding such averages using so-called auxiliary functions. In this paper we demonstrate that this idea is viable and allows for the computation of extremal unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) for polynomial ODE systems. First, we prove that polynomial optimization is guaranteed to produce auxiliary functions that yield near-sharp bounds on time averages, which is required in order to localize the extremal orbit accurately. Second, we show that points inside the relevant sublevel sets can be computed eﬃciently through direct nonlinear optimization. Such points provide good initial conditions for UPO computations. As a proof of concept, we then combine these methods with a single-shooting Netwon–Raphson algorithm to study extremal UPOs for a nine-dimensional model of sinusoidally forced shear ﬂow. We discover three previously unknown families of UPOs, one of which simultaneously minimizes the mean energy dissipation rate and maximizes the mean perturbation energy relative to the laminar state for Reynolds numbers approximately between 81.24 and 125.
Steam Pretreatment Conditions for Effective Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Recovery Yields ofEucalyptus viminalisWood Chips

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Article Steam Pretreatment Conditions for Effective Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Recovery Yields of Eucalyptus viminalis Wood Chips was published on January 1, 1992 in the journal Holzforschung (volume 46, issue 2).
Effects of Loss and Gain Experience on Subjective Time Perception

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

본 연구의 목적은 시간을 주관적으로 길거나 짧게 판단하게 만드는 심리적 요인의 효과를 경험적으로 접근하고, 그 결과가 갖는 함의를 통해 주관적 시간에 대한 설명틀을 제안해 보려는 것이었다. ‘시간 판단 비율’(객관적 시간/주관적 시간)이라는 조작적 개념에 바탕을 두고두 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 1에서는 부정 정서를 초래하는 손실 상황과 긍정 정서를 초래하는 이득 상황을 조작하여 참가자들에게 5분의 주관적 시간을 판단하도록 하였다. 그 결과, 손실 상황에서는 주관적 시간에 비해 객관적 시간이 느리게 가는 것으로 판단한 반면, 이득 상황에서는 주관적 시간에 비해 객관적 시간이 빠른 것으로 판단하였다. 실험 2에서는 현재와 특정 미래 시점을 손실이나 이득 상황으로 조작하고, 참가자들에게 그 미래 시점까지의 주관적 거리감을 추정하도록 요구하였다. 그 결과, 현재가 긍정적이지만 미래가 부정적인 경우 그리고 현재와 미래가 모두 긍정적인 경우에는 다가올 미래를 현재가 부정적이거나 미래가 긍정적인 경우와 현재와 미래가 모두 부정적인 경우에 비하여 미래를 가깝게 추정하였다. 이에 덧붙여 현재와 미래 상황이 모두 긍정적이거나 부정적일 경우에는, 미래보다는 현재 상황이 특정 미래 시점까지의 주관적 시간 거리 평가에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 ‘감내의 시간’과 ‘가용의 시간’이라는 조작적 개념에 근거한 주관적 시간설명틀을 제안하였다.
[The situation of leukaemic children and their parents. First results of a pilot study on psycho-social care children with oncological disorders (author's transl)].

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We report on a pilot-study on the psycho-social care for leukemic patients and their families by means of standardized psychological tests and questionnaires developed for this purpose. We pointed out the families' psychological symptoms of stress on order to obtain material for their psychosocial support. The psychologists part in a team of oncologists and haematologists has been described as well as tasks of social care of the children and their families. On the whole the tasks of psychological members of team ranged from intervention, counseling and supportive work to psychotherapy.
The Current Situation in the Study on the Effective Constituents,Pharmacological Actions of Complex Prescription in Mongolian Medicine for Kushen

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Kushen is a commonly applied drug in Mongolian medicine.Its actions include diaphoresis,antirheumatic effect,anti-sticky disease,antiinflammatory and analgesic action,treating dermatosis and so on.Its complex prescrition has been widely developed and applied in clinical activity.The author reviews the current situation in the study on the effective constituents,pharmacological actions of complex prescription in Mongolian medicine for Kushen.
Software Reliability in COTS-Based Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

During the past two or three decades military services have focused on maximizing the use of space. Budgets were big and there was little incentive for cost containment. In an era of severely reduced satellite control budgets, custom software is being replaced by commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) products which promise to relieve the software development cost burden. What are the software reliability issues associated with COTS products for space applications and how can they be addressed? This panel discussion will seek to understand and characterize critical issues and risk mitigation strategies for successful incorporation of COTS products in space system ground environments.
The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Nutritional Value of Onion Grown from Sets for Early Cropping

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Nutritional Value of Onion Grown from Sets for Early Cropping In field experiment conducted in 2005-2007 the effect of a nitrogen source (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and ENTEC-26) in the amounts of 50, 100, 150, 100+50 kg N·ha -1 in onion ( Allium cepa L.) Wolska cv. grown from sets for early cropping were estimated. Results of the experiment showed that ENTEC-26 was equally good source of nitrogen as ammonium nitrate and less efficient than ammonium sulphate. Split application of ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate produced higher while of ENTEC-26 similar yield of onion in comparison to a preplant single dose of fertilizer. Onion fertilized with ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate had only slightly higher content of vitamin C in bulbs and leaves than that fertilized with ENTEC-26. Plants of onion fertilized with ENTEC-26 contained also slightly higher level of reducing sugars in bulbs than by using the other source of N
FROM QUALITY MANAGEMENT TO MANAGING QUALITY: SYSTEMIC APPROACH

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The recently discussed issues of education quality are devoted full attention. The systems of quality control are developed, services are certified etc. All EU countries point to education quality as one of the most important political priorities. Despite the fact it is an excellent idea, the questions of how to ensure adequate education and how to achieve equally ranked education certification in all countries of the European Union arise. We can note that different legal and political documents approved by Lithuanian authorities in one way or another emphasize that ensuring quality education is a priority field. What is quality? This question is not so simple. We can agree with general definition that quality generally refers to a certain degree (level) of excellence. It is obvious that there are at least two main perspectives of defining quality, one from the customer of education services and the other one from the producer (education institution). It is obvious, that the quality aspiration is important not only for the companies which produce products or offer service, but also for education institutions of all levels. The central point is the understanding that quality cannot be bought in the market and is not something beyond institution boundaries. Everything will be determined by awareness that quality in a broad sense is conditioned by the quality of management (administration). Only professional management leads to qualified processes (institution work) whereas the latter ensure high-quality service. Another main point is that education and research belongs together. It is as axiomatic truth. Without high-level research a quality management system seems to be a useless thing. As the understanding of quality may vary, a general agreement on the issue discussing quality is very important at least inside the institution. Quality is differently treated by academic staff, teachers, students, employers, social partners of institution, authorities and society in general. Education is a complex system having different levels, sub-systems etc. that closely correlate and determine one another. Finally, we can notice that the best organizations have a systemic and comprehensive focus on quality. Key words: quality of education, managing quality, systemic approach.
The Influence Of Psychological Factors On Reducing Recovery Time From Total Knee Replacement Surgery

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of physical disability that Americans face, leading to destruction of the joints of the body. The primary joint affected is the knee, and the leading treatment is total knee replacement. The incidence of total knee replacement surgery is rising–and will continue to rise–as a treatment for knee pain resulting from osteoarthritis (Mizner et al., 2005). Various psychological factors have been proven to influence a person’s well-being in general and, more specifically, with recovery from illness or surgery (Taylor, 2011). Pre- surgical psychological screenings are an important factor in determining how the patient will recover from surgery (Dooley, 2013).
Tunable Cascaded Trisection Bandpass Filter with Constant Absolute Bandwidth

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel cascade trisection (CT) coupling structure based on half-wavelength resonators is proposed for designing constant absolute bandwidth (CABW) tunable bandpass filters. Third-order tunable bandpass filter (BPF) which can realize CABW and a high side cross coupling transmission zero (Tz) is designed based on the proposed CT structure. Measurement results show that the central frequency tuning range of desinged filter is from 1.47 GHz to 1.83 GHz with -3dB bandwidth of 108.75±2.05 MHz, and the high side 3dB to 25dB attenuation slope is 327.32~623.57 dB/GHz.
Modulation of topoisomerase II expression in mammalian cells with a sequence-specific polyamide

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Topoisomerase II alpha (topo II alpha) is an important target for several chemotherapeutic agents, including etoposide and doxorubicin. Confluent cells express low levels of topo II alpha and are resistant to etoposide treatment. Repression of transcription in confluent cells is mediated by binding of the transcription factor NF-Y to inverted CCAAT motifs within the topo lice promoter. To block the repressive binding of NF-Y, a polyamide (JH-37) was designed to bind to the flanking regions of selected CCAAT sites within the topo Ha promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting assays showed occupancy of the inverted CCAAT sites by JH-37. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed in vivo inhibition of NF-Y binding to the topo, II alpha promoter. Following incubation of confluent NIH3T3 cells with JH-37, increased expression of topo II alpha mRNA and protein was detectable. This correlated both with increased DNA double-strand breaks as shown by comet assay and decreased cell viability following exposure to etoposide. Polyamides can modulate gene expression and chemosensitivity of cancer cells
Data from A Three-Gene Expression Signature Model for Risk Stratification of Patients with Neuroblastoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Neuroblastoma is an embryonal tumor with contrasting clinical courses. Despite elaborate stratification strategies, precise clinical risk assessment still remains a challenge. The purpose of this study was to develop a PCR-based predictor model to improve clinical risk assessment of patients with neuroblastoma.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> The model was developed using real-time PCR gene expression data from 96 samples and tested on separate expression data sets obtained from real-time PCR and microarray studies comprising 362 patients.</p><p><b>Results:</b> On the basis of our prior study of differentially expressed genes in favorable and unfavorable neuroblastoma subgroups, we identified three genes, <i>CHD5</i>, <i>PAFAH1B1</i>, and <i>NME1</i>, strongly associated with patient outcome. The expression pattern of these genes was used to develop a PCR-based single-score predictor model. The model discriminated patients into two groups with significantly different clinical outcome [set 1: 5-year overall survival (OS): 0.93 ± 0.03 vs. 0.53 ± 0.06, 5-year event-free survival (EFS): 0.85 ± 0.04 vs. 0.042 ± 0.06, both <i>P</i> < 0.001; set 2 OS: 0.97 ± 0.02 vs. 0.61 ± 0.1, <i>P</i> = 0.005, EFS: 0.91 ± 0.8 vs. 0.56 ± 0.1, <i>P</i> = 0.005; and set 3 OS: 0.99 ± 0.01 vs. 0.56 ± 0.06, EFS: 0.96 ± 0.02 vs. 0.43 ± 0.05, both <i>P</i> < 0.001]. Multivariate analysis showed that the model was an independent marker for survival (<i>P</i> < 0.001, for all). In comparison with accepted risk stratification systems, the model robustly classified patients in the total cohort and in different clinically relevant risk subgroups.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> We propose for the first time in neuroblastoma, a technically simple PCR-based predictor model that could help refine current risk stratification systems. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 18(7); 2012–23. ©2012 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Restoring longleaf pine forest ecosystems in the southern U.S.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

32.1 Southern forest environment ..50 2 32.2 Longleaf pine ecology.. .502 32.2.1 Longleaf pine ecosystems ..50 2 32.2.2 Ecological significance ..50 . 32.3 History of longleaf pine ecosystems.. .505 32.4 Social and political context ..50 6 32.5 Restoration perspectives.. .507 32.6 Restoration methods ..50 7 32.6.1 Restoration framework ..50 7 32.6.2 Selecting techniques .508 32.6.3 Restoration prescriptions.. .508 32.6.3.1 Xeric and subxeric sandhills dominated by longleaf pine with native understory ..50 g 32.6.3.2 Xeric and subxeric sandhills dominated by other trees with native understory ..50 9 32.6.3.3 Xeric and subxeric sandhills without a native understory .510 32.6.3.4 Flatwoods and wet lowlands dominated by longleaf pine with native understory.. .512 32.6.3.5 Flatwoods and wet lowlands dominated by other trees with native understory .512 32.6.3.6 Upland and montane sites dominated by longleaf pine with native understory .512 32.6.3.7 Upland and montane sites dominated by other species .513 32.7 Costs and benefits associated with restoration .513 32.7.1 Estimating restoration costs .513 32.7.2 Benefits of restored longleaf pine ecosystems .514
Cultural Tourism and the Wellbeing of Local Citizens

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cultural tourism is an increasingly visible trend in the tourism industry. The chapter is one of the first academic studies to specifically analyze the possible impacts of cultural tourism on the local culture itself and the wellbeing of the host community while highlighting cultural conservation as a mediator. The study utilizes primary data collected from rural areas in the Himalayan Gilgit Baltistan region in Northern Pakistan. This region has experienced a significant rise in cultural tourism due to China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). As a result, there has been a significant and visible development of touristic facilities in the region. Hence, there is a visible shift from earlier tourism, which was mostly linked to mountaineering adventure, to more relatively mass cultural tourism. The results suggest that cultural conservation serves as a partial mediator and that cultural tourism tends to positively and significantly influence the host community's wellbeing, and cultural conservation partially mediates this relationship.
Cocoa Intake and Blood Pressure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lack of methoxy-mycolates characterizes the geographically restricted lineage 7 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lineage 7 (L7) emerged in the phylogeny of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) subsequent to the branching of 'ancient' lineage 1 and prior to the Eurasian dispersal of 'modern' lineages 2, 3 and 4. In contrast to the major MTBC lineages, the current epidemiology suggests that prevalence of L7 is highly confined to the Ethiopian population, or when identified outside of Ethiopia, it has mainly been in patients of Ethiopian origin. To search for microbiological factors that may contribute to its restricted distribution, we compared the genome of L7 to the genomes of globally dispersed MTBC lineages. The frequency of predicted functional mutations in L7 was similar to that documented in other lineages. These include mutations characteristic of modern lineages – such as constitutive expression of nitrate reductase – as well as mutations in the VirS locus that are commonly found in ancient lineages. We also identified and characterized multiple lineage-specific mutations in L7 in biosynthesis pathways of cell wall lipids, including confirmed deficiency of methoxy-mycolic acids due to a stop-gain mutation in the mmaA3 gene that encodes a methoxy-mycolic acid synthase. We show that the abolished biosynthesis of methoxy-mycolates of L7 alters the cell structure and colony morphology on selected growth media and impacts biofilm formation. The loss of these mycolic acid moieties may change the host–pathogen dynamic for L7 isolates, explaining the limited geographical distribution of L7 and contributing to further understanding the spread of MTBC lineages across the globe.
Debates About the Role of Labour Law in Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Proponents and detractors of labour law often draw battle lines around the relationship between labour market regulation and social and economic development. This chapter examines three such debates. It starts by surveying contests about labour market regulation’s role in fostering decommodification and freedoms of various types. It then scrutinizes the turn towards ‘big data sets’ to resolve debates around economic growth. Finally, it studies the recent flourishing of the business and human rights movement as the forum for addressing the global disparity of power between workers and capital, and labour standards in global supply chains. Mapping these debates reveals the unsettling fact that the biggest battles over labour market regulation’s purpose in the past thirty years have occurred outside of the institutions of labour standard-setting in which organized labour has ‘insider’ status. Sidelining organized labour to the periphery of these debates has shaped its winners and losers.
The characteristics of the aged patients with cervical myelopathy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The outcome of surgical treatment for cervical myelopathy was compared in 40 aged patients (more than 65 years old) and another 128 patients (less than 65 years old). The results were evaluated by the JOA score. Pre-operative and postoperative JOA score, and the recovery rate of the aged patients were lower than the other patients. MRI findings according to our classification were compared with aged patients (25) and. the other patients (71).The characteristic MRI findings of aged patients were as follows;1) Anterior compression of the spinal cord was seen at multilevels, and the degree of cord deformity was severe.2) Posterior compression was also seen.3) The peak of the level of spinal cord deformity was at C4/5, followed by C3/4, C5/6, C6/7, C2/3 in aged patients, and the peak at C5/6, followed by C4/5, C6/7, C3/4 in the other patients. Cord deformities were seen also at upper levels in aged patients.From our collective evidence, we concluded that expansive laminoplasty should be performed in aged patients.
Neurophysiological correlates of context-dependent inhibition in alcohol use disorder - findings from event-related potentials and fMRI

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by both impaired inhibitory control and enhanced cue reactivity, including drinking urges and craving. Therefore, it seems important to investigate inhibitory functions not only in neutral contexts but also in the presence of alcohol-related cues. The present study investigates how exposure to alcohol-related cues affects neural processing of inhibitory control in subjects with (AUD).
Method: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and 72-channel EEG was recorded during performance of an Go/NoGo task, which incorporated alcohol-related and neutral stimuli as Go and NoGo trials in abstinent AUD patients and healthy controls.
Results: No behavioral performance deficits in the AUD group were observed. However, fMRI Data showed increased activation of the fronto-striatal-parietal network in AUD patients during successful response inhibition relative to HC. Within the AUD group, analyses revealed enhanced activation for alcohol-related (relative to neutral) NoGo trials in regions including bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, right medial frontal and precental gyrus and right putamen. Activation differences in the right anterior cingulate cortex furthermore varied with subjective craving (drinking urges). Similarly ERP analyses revealed alterations in the N2 and P3 component of the NoGo-evoked potentials, which were stronger in thecontext of alcohol-related cues. In the N2, the strength of these alterations also varied with subjective drinking urges.
Discussion: These findings suggest that AUD patients need to recruit enhanced neuronal resources in order to successfully inhibit a prepotent response. This hyperactivation is particularly enhanced when inhibition has to take place in an alcohol-related context and is related to craving r drinking urges. These results enrich our understanding of the imbalance between impaired inhibitory control and increased cue reactivity in patients with AUD.