jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Volatile Components in Essential Oil of UplandWasabiand Their Inhibitory Effects on Platelet Aggregation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Analysis of Volatile Components in Essential Oil of Upland Wasabi and Their Inhibitory Effects on Platelet Aggregation Get access Hitomi Kumagai, Hitomi Kumagai Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 34–1, Shimouma 3-chome, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Naoki Kashima, Naoki Kashima Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 34–1, Shimouma 3-chome, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Taiichiro Seki, Taiichiro Seki Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 34–1, Shimouma 3-chome, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hidetoshi Sakurai, Hidetoshi Sakurai Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 34–1, Shimouma 3-chome, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kenji Ishii, Kenji Ishii Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 34–1, Shimouma 3-chome, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Toyohiko Ariga Toyohiko Ariga Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 34–1, Shimouma 3-chome, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 58, Issue 12, 1 January 1994, Pages 2131–2135, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.58.2131 Published: 01 January 1994 Article history Published: 01 January 1994 Received: 15 March 1994
Principles Governing The Transfer Of Signal Modulation And Photon Noise By Amplifying And Scattering Mechanisms

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A general analysis is made of the influence of stochastic amplifying and scattering mechanisms on the transfer of signal modulation and photon noise in imaging processes. In this way we quantify the spatial-frequency dependence of signal and noise as they propagate through a multistage imaging system. Whereas by definition the signal structure (or modulation) is transferred via the MTF, the input photon noise is effectively unmodulated signal and as such bypasses the MTF. However, stochastic amplification of photon noise by one stage of an imaging process may produce noise structure that constitutes an effective signal spectrum to the next. Thus, in general, it is necessary to cascade these two components of the noise spectrum separately at each stage.
Negative spherulite of poly‐γ‐methyl‐L‐glutamate and effect of aging polymer solution on spherulite growth

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Poly‐γ‐methyl‐ L ‐glutamate was obtained by the NCA method in a chloroform solution using trimethylamine as initiator. After polymerization, the solution was left alone for a long time at room temperature before spherulites formed. A film was casted very slowly from this aged solution in a desiccator at room temperature. We could then obtain spherulites in these thin films. This aging treatment was one of the main factors in making the spherulites. The morphological structure, optical properties, and the molecular orientation of the spherulites were examined by infrared spectroscopy, the x‐ray method, and electron microscopy. After short aging periods (1–6 months), we could obtain positive spherulites. After much longer aging periods (6–10 months), negative spherulites were obtained. The conformation of the molecules in both spherulites was the same—the so‐called α‐helical conformation, but the orientation of the α‐helical axis in the spherulites was just the opposite. In the positive spherulites, the helical axes oriented along the radius, but in negative spherulites, the helical axes oriented along the tangential direction. These positive and negative spherulites were constructed with microfibriles the diameters of which were about 45–67 A. The orientation of these microfibriles in the spherulites was just the same as the α‐helical axes' orientation. These microfibriles oriented by side‐by‐side association in making the layer structure in the spherulites so that the α‐helical axes were aligned parallel to these layers. Also, no evidence was observed of the presence of the so‐called folding orientation of these α‐helical molecules or microfibriles, as was pointed out in the case of polyethylene. From these results, we know that the crystallization habits of helical molecules, such as polypeptides, were different from those of polyethylene. The helical axes of the polypeptide molecules were not oriented perpendicular to the layer surface of the spherulites, but parallel to the layer surface. The crystallization mechanism of polypeptide was not by the so‐called folding mechanism, but by the side‐by‐side crystallization mechanism.
[Chemical pattern recognition of Atractylodes chinensis from different producing areas and establishment of quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) method for four components].

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This study established the fingerprint and combined it with chemical pattern recognition to evaluate the quality of Atractylodes chinensis samples from different producing areas and then employed the quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) method to verify the feasibility and applicability of the established method in the quality evaluation of A. chinensis. The fingerprints of A. chinensis samples were constructed via high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) to evaluate the inter-batch consistency. With the quality control component atractylodin as the internal reference, the relative correction factors(RCFs) were established for atractylenolide Ⅰ, atractylenolide Ⅲ, and β-eudesmol and the content of the four components was calculated. The external standard method was used to verify the accuracy of QAMS method. The quality of A. chinensis was further evaluated by similarity analysis, clustering analysis, and principal component analysis. The fingerprints of 13 batches of samples were calibrated with 21 common peaks, and 4 common peaks were identified with the similarities all above 0.9. The RCFs established with atractylodin as the internal reference represented good reproducibility under different experimental conditions. Specifically, the RCFs of atractylenolide Ⅰ, atractylenolide Ⅲ, and β-eudesmol in A. chinensis were 2.091, 4.253, and 6.010, respectively. QAMS and ESM showed no significant difference in the results, indicating that the QAMS method established in this study was stable and reliable. Thus, HPLC fingerprint combined with QAMS can be used for the quality evaluation of A. chinensis, providing a basis for comprehensive and rapid quality evaluation of A. chinensis.
PERITONEAL EXUDATE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The existing methods for diagnosis of various conditions affecting the peritoneum have not been uniformly satisfactory. The deficiency in the exact procedures has been felt especially in certain situations such as the recognition and differentiation of primary and secondary peritonitis in children, the determination of the bacterial species in the primary type and the separation of irritative from infectious conditions of the peritoneum. Even less adequate are the available means of establishing prognosis of a phase of peritonitis. The degree of bacterial activity within the peritoneal cavity, especially in the earlier stages of an infection, does not produce clinical manifestations comparable to the potential damage of which the bacteria are capable. The sudden transformation of a patient's condition from a relatively benign to a critical state is by no means as unexpected as the outward manifestations would indicate. The major activities of the bacteria occur within the confines of the
CFD Analysis on Similarity Criteria of Hydrodynamic Characteristics for Gravity-Installed Anchors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract For reduced-scale model tests of gravity-installed anchors (GIAs), it is of great significance to extrapolate the testing results to prototype. This highlights the necessity of investigation of similarity criteria. The present work aims to find the similarity criteria of three prioritized hydrodynamic characteristics including VT, HP, and Cd for GIAs during installation in water through CFD simulations. In the present study, free falling processes of different reduced-scale T98 anchor models and prototype anchor is simulated, from which VT, HP, and Cd are extracted and analyzed to get the fitting curves for these three characteristics over reduced-scale λ. Based on these curves, hydrodynamic characteristics for prototype and other reduced-scale model can be extrapolated from model testing results. And, the researching procedure in this paper sets an example and reference to study about similarity criteria for other hydrodynamic characteristics.
Repair in Different Zones of the Periodontium After Tooth Reimplantation

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

T his study was undertaken to clarify the dynamics of tissue repair in the transseptal region and periodontal ligament after tooth reimplantation. Twelve teeth, distributed in four squirrel monkeys, were extracted and reimplanted within 3 minutes. The reimplantation schedule provided three teeth at 1, 3, 7 and 21 days after reimplantation. Tritiated proline was injected 8 hours before animal sacrifice. Histologic characteristics and autoradiographic grain densities were compared in the transseptal and periodontal ligament areas. One day after reimplantation there was a distinct break in the continuity of transseptal and periodontal ligament fibers. Regions bordering the tear, and the entire ligament, were virtually acellular. Cell repopulation was occurring in the transseptal region at 3 days, in contrast to the ligament which was still acellular. At 7 days, cell repopulation appeared complete in the transseptal area, and new fibers were evident bridging the tear. The periodontal ligaments still had acellular areas, lacked fiber continuity, and were repopulating primarily from the adjacent alveolar bone which had enlarged marrow spaces and active osteoclastic resorption. Proline grain density was significantly greater in the transseptal area compared with the periodontal ligament. In 21 day specimens, the transseptal region appeared normal. Although cell repopulation and restoration of fiber continuity had occurred in the periodontal ligament, normal orientation was absent. Grain density in the periodontal ligament was significantly greater than in the transseptal region. The results indicated that healing after tooth reimplantation occurred more rapidly in the transseptal region than within the periodontal ligament. The transseptal healing resembled that reported following incisional wounds, whereas healing in the periodontal ligament was dependent primarily upon repopulation from the adjacent alveolar bone.
Polymerization of methyl acrylate photoinitiated by 4‐dimethylamino‐4′‐isopropylbenzophenone

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The initial rate of the polymerization of methyl acrylate photoinitiated by 4‐dimethylamino‐4′‐isopropylbenzophenone ( 2 ) varies linearly with monomer concentration and the square‐root of light intensity. For small absorbances, the initial polymerization rate, R p , varies linearly with the square‐root of the photoinitiator concentration. For high absorbance values, R p is independent of the photoinitiator concentration in a well‐stirred system and decreases as the photoinitiator concentration increases in an unstirred system. This marked differences between the polymerization kinetics in well‐stirred and unstirred systems is discussed. The ratio of the propagation rate constant and the square‐root of the termination rate constant, k p / k , and the quantum yield of photoinitiation were determined and related to the results previously obtained in a study on the photoreactivity of 2 .
Microstructural investigation on engineered cementitious composites (ECC)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) is not only a kind of cementitious material with high performance, but also an engineered material that embodies a micromechanics-based design concept. To get ECC in reality, mix design is the very starting point. There is a missing link between factors of mix design and micromechanical parameters embedded in the micromechanical model of ECC. In this study, quite a number of experiments including single fiber pullout tests and matrix toughness tests were performed to fill the gap based on the theoretical analysis of micromechanical design guideline. Single fiber pullout tests were conducted in this research to measure the bond properties of PVA fibers with different matrix mixes. The fiber/matrix interfacial bond properties that are characterized by chemical bond and initial interfacial frictional bond strength. For some of the matrix mixes whereby the fibers can rupture during the pullout tests despite of the small embedment length of less than 1mm. However, rupture of fiber will not affect the determination of bond properties. Most of the time, fibers ruptured during the fiber pullout stage whereby a strong slip-hardening effect was taken place, characterized by the slip-hardening coefficient. On the other hand, wedge splitting tests were also carried out to obtain the common fracture mechanical parameters for example critical crack mouth opening displacement (CMODc), the critical load Pc, critical crack length ac at the peak load and fracture toughness of matrix with various mixes. These parameters obtained experimentally are used to ultimately evaluate the matrix crack tip toughness, Jtip which is an important parameter to dictate the strain hardening effect of the mix of ECC. The Young’s modulus value of each matrix mix was also obtained experimentally through compression tests with strain gauges attached on specimens. There will be two sets of samples to be tested experimentally to obtain all of the abovementioned parameters. The first set of sample contains five mixes with varying water to cement (w/c) ratio. The second set of sample also includes five mixes with varying sand to cement (s/c) ratio. In this research, the author will only focus on the energy criterion of achieving ECC behavior. In the end of the experiment, while all the data are collected experimentally, it will be able to compare the results with the design guidelines derived based on theoretical analysis via the micromechanics model. Therefore, the most suitable design mix or a range of design mixes which fulfill the design guidelines can be identified which then the design mix/mixes will be most probably to achieve highest toughness ratio (Jb’/Jtip) and this can directly relate to the performance of ECC.
Immunomodulators - A Review on Bovine Colostrum

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a global issue that draws worldwide attention. Countries are racing to develop vaccines and drugs to combat the COVID-19 virus. Immunomodulators are used in some of the prevention efforts. Any drug or substance that affects the immune system is classified as an immunomodulator. Bovine colostrum is an example of an immunomodulator. Colostrum is the mammary gland’s first secretion after birth, and it differs from mature milk in that it contains more proteins, immunoglobulin-A, vitamins, minerals, bactericides (lactoferrin, lysozyme, and lactoperoxidase), and growth factors. This review examines immunomodulators across various perspectives and characteristics, as an alternative for increasing the body’s resistance, and possible mechanisms are discussed. This review thereby facilitates the choice of suitable immune enhancement for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Keywords: Bovine colostrum, Immonumodulator, Covid-19
Numerical simulation of concrete pavement response to temperature gradients

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a finite element simulation method for the behavior of concrete pavement slabs due to the temperature gradient between the top and bottom slab surfaces. The method takes the following characteristics into consideration: three-dimensional behaviors of the system; foundation layers between the pavement slab and the ground; contact interaction between the pavement slab and the foundation; dowel bars at the transverse joint of pavement slabs. To verify the simulation method, we use the experimental measurement results of a previously published study. Then, we apply the simulation method to investigate the behavior of concrete pavement in Phu Huu industrial zone, Thu Duc city.
Sufficient Stochastic Maximum Principle for Discounted Control Problem

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article, the sufficient Pontryagin's maximum principle for infinite horizon discounted stochastic control problem is established. The sufficiency is ensured by an additional assumption of concavity of the Hamiltonian function. Throughout the paper, it is assumed that the control domain U is a convex set and the control may enter the diffusion term of the state equation. The general results are applied to the controlled stochastic logistic equation of population dynamics.
Towards semantic TV services a hybrid Semantic Web Services approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. We are investigating the current Semantic Web Services approaches in order to select the most appropriate approach to build semantic internet TV services. Two major approaches are prominent which are top-down and bottom-up approaches, the former being heavyweight and supporting complex reasoning tasks and the latter being lightweight with limited reasoning capacity. We defend our assumption that semantic TV services require the strengths of both approaches and introduce a novel hybrid approach.
Metal–Ligand Cooperation in Dihydrogen Activation by a Cationic Metallogermylene: Enhanced Activity from Tungsten to Molybdenum

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Dihydrogen activation by metallogermylenes was investigated experimentally and theoretically. A neutral NHC-coordinated chlorometallogermylene was synthesized and converted to a cationic base-free metallogermylene of molybdenum via chloride abstraction. The cationic molybdogermylene showed enhanced reactivity toward H2 compared to the tungsten analog. The reaction mechanism was investigated by theoretical calculations, which revealed a novel route that proceeds via a new type of metal–ligand cooperative activation between the metal and divalent germanium moiety. The activation energy of this route is much lower than that of the alternative route via an “oxidative addition” type of reaction on the single Ge(II) center, which is generally proposed for organotetrylenes. The features of the frontier orbitals and the origin of the metal effect on the H2 activation are also described.
Pioneer gastroenterological radiologic studies.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the middle third of the 20th century, Mount Sinai radiologists were able to describe and establish specific radiologic criteria for the diagnosis of many gastrointestinal diseases. They then delineated specific radiologic patterns to diagnose such diverse conditions as inflammatory bowel disease of the small bowel and colon, protein-losing disorders, vascular disease of the small bowel, benign and malignant tumors, metastases and lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. Richard H. Marshak, Bernard S. Wolf, and Mansho T. Khilnani were the leaders in these radiologic investigations which established criteria that enabled generations of subsequent radiologists to arrive at definitive diagnoses.
Reference to a

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

weeks for cockerels exposed to daily light periods of 1, 3, 9 and 13 hours, respec-tively. The amount of daily light received by males to 21 weeks of age did not result in significant differences in their ability to fertilize hens in flock matings over a sub-sequent eight-month period. Also eggs fertilized by the four groups of males did not differ significantly in hatchability.
Media logic in election campaign coverage

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The media logic thesis holds that the content of political news is the product of news values and format requirements that media make use of to attract news consumers. This study tests whether three content characteristics – personalized, contest and negative coverage – manifest a single media logic by analysing whether they co-vary over time. It also tests the implicit assumption underlying the media logic thesis that media adhere to a single media logic as one institution. A semantic network analysis measured the degree to which television and newspaper coverage of five Dutch national election campaigns (1998–2010) contained the three content characteristics. The study shows that personalized, contest and negative coverage form three indicators of a single logic that is shared by different media. Since the turn of the century, Dutch political news has simultaneously become decreasingly personalized, less focused on the contest and less negative.
Evaluating the Effects of the Nonplanarity of Nucleic Acid Bases on NMR, IR, and Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectra: A Density Functional Theory Computational Study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The pyramidalizations of N9/1 glycosidic nitrogens in DNA and RNA nucleosides, recently discovered and analyzed in their ultrahigh-resolution X-ray crystal structures (Sychrovský; et al. Nucleic Acid Res. 2009, 37, 7321.), were found to have significant effects on the structural interpretation of the <sup>3</sup><i>J</i>(C4/2−H1′) and <sup>3</sup><i>J</i>(C8/6−H1′) NMR scalar couplings in purine/pyrimidine nucleosides. The calculated effects on IR and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra were only minor. The calculated structural deformations in nucleosides, depending on sugar-to-base orientation, gave rise to corrections in the phase shift of the Karplus equations for the <sup>3</sup><i>J</i>(C8/6−H1′) and <sup>3</sup><i>J</i>(C4/2−H1′) couplings ranging from −26° to +25° and from −5.7° to +2.0°, respectively. The sign alternation of this correction in syn and anti nucleosides arises from the stereoinversion of the N9/1 glycosidic nitrogen occurring upon reorientation of the glycosidic torsion. The effect was calculated consistently in the dG, dA, dC, dT, rA, and rG nucleosides. Utilization of the calculated phase-shift corrections in the design of Karplus equations for the <sup>3</sup><i>J</i> couplings was suggested, and the effects on structural interpretation of the experimental couplings were evaluated.