jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of a PM-10 inlet for continuous operation and with recovery of the {gt}10-{mu}m fraction

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Rocky Flats Plant (RFP) manufactured nuclear weapons` components out of plutonium (Pu) metal until 1990. The plant is now in a decontamination and disposition phase. In both the manufacturing mode and the present mode, Department of Energy (DOE), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the State of Colorado have required continuous monitoring of the air to detect releases of radionuclides. The air surveillance network established around the plant in the early 1950`s was replaced in 1972 with a network of high-volume (40 cfm) samplers (hivols). This network extends into the community. The hivois were patterned after the EPA total suspended particle (TSP) samplers with an approximate cutoff at 30 micrometers ({mu}m); however, the RFP version of the TSP sampler was designed to operate continuously and had to be relatively inconspicuous. After nearly 20 years of operation, the RFP air surveillance samplers are in need of updating or replacement, in part because the EPA has now established a new criterion for sampling of suspended particles; i.e., the PM-10 criterion. Only particles of less than 10-{mu}m aerodynamic diameter are considered hazardous to health through inhalation pathways. This report discusses the development of a PM-10 inlet for continuous operation.
The crystal and molecular structure of N-(3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl)-Δ3-piperidine-2-one, an amide alkaloid (piperlongumine), C17H19NO5

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The crystals of C 17 H 19 NO 5 belong to the monoclinic space group P2 1 /n with a = 15.793(3), b = 4.089(4), c = 24.649(5) Å, β = 97.56(3)° V = 157 8(2) Å 3 , and Z = 4. The structure was solved by MULTAN 78 and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R of 0.053 for 1863 observed reflections. X-ray crystallography has revealed that the molecule is the Δ 3 isomer and not the Δ 5 isomer suggested originally from nmr spectroscopy. The piperidyl nitrogen is sp 2 hybridized with its electron lone pair involved in conjugation with the carbonyl groups. The piperidone ring adopts a distorted boat conformation. An interesting feature of the structure is the formation of two C(ethylenic)—H … O(keto) intramolecular hydrogen bonds which stabilize the molecular conformation.
THE APPROACH OF LINGING IN BAHATTİN KARAKOCC'S POEMS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The poet (Bahaeddin Karakoc) is considered one of the leading poets in Turkish poetry and literature in the twentieth century. He was born on March 5, 1930 in the town of Al-Bustan in KahramanmaraĢ Governorate, southeastern Turkey. He has poet brothers, the famous poets Abd al-Rahim Karakoc and Ertugrul Karakog. Bahauddin Karakoc wrote a lot of works in his 88-year-old life. Teacher-poet Bahauddin Karakoc died on October 16, 2018. He was buried in Cihadil Cemetery in his hometown, Kahramanmaras. The poet wrote many important books of poetry, such as Siran and the Voice of the Deaf, A Pair of White Eagles, Layla and the Love of the Day. He deftly dealt with themes such as blame, grief, separation, reunion, and longing in his poems. He deserved many awards, and his works were especially embraced by the Turkish people. The poet emphasizes longing, which he means in the same sense as longing. Since longing, as a psychological concept, is in fact a phenomenon that sometimes drives a person into depression, While it is possible to achieve some compatibility in this concept with the impossible. For example, accidents such as impossible love and death leave nothing but longing in man. Where his longing continues until he dies, that is, the separation that cannot be met. This impossible aspect of the concept of longing, as it particularly affects the person. The journey of longing, continuing with hopes and dreams until the day of reunion, takes on an emotional structure with the language of poets. Longing, as a concept emotionally charged from head to toe, found its place in the poems of the poet Bahauddin Karakoc, who wrote very emotional and touching longing poems, He explained this concept in Poems. We begin our work with this comprehensive summary. Then, after introducing the life and literary personality and the works of Bahaeddin Karakoc, one of the most important poets of Turkish literature in the twentieth century, the concept of longing will be emphasized. Finally, we will deal with the understanding of longing in the immortal poems of Bahauddin Karakoc.
Hypersensitization of Tumor Cells to Glycolytic Inhibitors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The slow growth of cells in the inner core of solid tumors presents a form of multidrug resistance to most of the standard chemotherapeutic agents, which target the outer more rapidly dividing cells. However, the anaerobic environment of the more centrally located tumor cells also provides an opportunity to exploit their dependence on glycolysis for therapeutic gain. We have developed two in vitro models to investigate this possibility. Model A represents osteosarcoma wild-type (wt) cells treated with agents which inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (Oxphos) by interacting with complexes I, III, and V of the electron transport chain in different ways, i.e., rhodamine 123 (Rho 123), rotenone, antimycin A, and oligomycin. All of these agents were found to hypersensitize wt cells to the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose. Cells treated with Rho 123 also become hypersensitive to oxamate, an analogue of pyruvate, which blocks the step of glycolysis that converts pyruvate to lactic acid. Model B is rho(0) cells which have lost their mitochondrial DNA and therefore cannot undergo Oxphos. These cells are 10 and 4.9 times more sensitive to 2-deoxyglucose and oxamate, respectively, than wt cells. Lactic acid levels, which are a measure of anaerobic metabolism, were found to be > 3 times higher in rho(0) than in wt cells. Moreover, when wt cells were treated with Rho 123, lactic acid amounts increased as a function of increasing Rho 123 doses. Under similar Rho 123 treatment, rho(0) cells did not increase their lactic acid levels. These data confirm that cell models A and B are similarly sensitive to glycolytic inhibitors due to their dependence on anaerobic metabolism. Overall, our in vitro results suggest that glycolytic inhibitors could be used to specifically target the slow-growing cells of a tumor and thereby increase the efficacy of current chemotherapeutic and irradiation protocols designed to kill rapidly dividing cells. Moreover, glycolytic inhibitors could be particularly useful in combination with anti-angiogenic agents, which, a priori, should make tumors more anaerobic.
Endometrial resection: factors affecting long‐term success

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To identify prognostic factors for the long‐term success of transcervical resection of endometrium (TCRE). Design A retrospective analysis. Setting Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Solihull Hospital, Solihull, West Midlands, UK. Subjects 301 patients, who chose endometrial resection rather than hysterectomy and who underwent their first TCRE between 17 October 1989 and 31 December 1994. Interventions Endometrial resection carried out by one surgeon (D.W.S.). Main outcome measures Patient satisfaction, degree of bleeding and degree of pain, 1–6 years following TCRE. The procedure was considered to have failed if hysterectomy was necessary later. Results 301 patients underwent a total of 329 procedures (TCRE) and were followed up for 1–6 years (mean 2.8). Complications were few and there was no death or major morbidity. About 80% of patients were satisfied with the procedure and had either amenorrhoea (34%), scanty periods (33%) or moderate/acceptable periods (14%). The incidence of hysterectomy because of the failure of this procedure was 15%. The success rate was significantly higher in the older age group (>40 years); in those without previous moderate or severe dysmenorrhoea; where histological examination of the endometrial chippings did not show any abnormality; where further surgery such as diagnostic hysteroscopy, laparoscopy or repeat resection (repeat TCRE) was not required, and with increasing operator experience. Conclusion TCRE should remain a useful option in the management of women with menorrhagia. Greater awareness of the prognostic factors identified in this study will improve preoperative counselling and the appropriate selection of patients for TCRE.
Detection of antibody to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from pig sera collected during the period of January to December 2000

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

During the period of January to December 2000, a total of 3,505 swine sera was collected from 208 farms, which are located throughout country, for the diagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS). The antibody to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRS) was tested by indirect immunofluorescent antibody(IFA) test. Of 208 farms tested, at least one or more than one pigs was positive for PRRSV antibody in 188(90.4%) farms. The overall seroprevalence of PRRSV antibody was 45.1% (1581/3505). Most pigs were infected with PRRSV at around 50- to 60-day old. The seroprevalence of antibody varied with age. The highest seroprevalence of PRRSV antibody was observed in the growing pigs at around 80-day old. About one-thirds of adult pigs including boar, gilt and sow were positive to PRRSV antibody. In many farms, the infection of PRRSV was chronic and confined to grower and/or finisher. However, antibody was detected from all production phase in some farms.
Mitral annulus calcification: clinical implications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

M-mode echocardiographic features of 53 patients with mitral annulus calcification (MAC) are presented with an initial clinical analysis. Direct measurement of the thickness of the calcification is described as a new technique to define the severity of this process, possibly with a prognostic value as well. Moderate to severe degree of MAC (>5 mm average thickness) was found in 69.7% of patients, all without history of rheumatic heart involvement, and only one had chronic renal failure. Detailed electrocardiographic observations showed the presence of conduction disturbances in 53.6%; 6 patients with 3° atrioventricular block and 3 with sick sinus syndrome and widespread conduction disturbances required permanent pacemaker. Electrophysiologic study of 7 patients demonstrated a significant prevalence of involvement of the conduction system below the proximal His bundle, the region more directly in contact with the calcified annulus. We believe that this quantitative method of evaluating patients with MAC is of value for noninvasive, more complete clinical study of this disease.
Solving brain circuit function and dysfunction with computational modeling and optogenetic fMRI

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Can we construct a model of brain function that enables an understanding of whole-brain circuit mechanisms underlying neurological disease and use it to predict the outcome of therapeutic interventions? How are pathologies in neurological disease, some of which are observed to have spatial spreading mechanisms, associated with circuits and brain function? In this review, we discuss approaches that have been used to date and future directions that can be explored to answer these questions. By combining optogenetic functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with computational modeling, cell type–specific, large-scale brain circuit function and dysfunction are beginning to be quantitatively parameterized. We envision that these developments will pave the path for future therapeutics developments based on a systems engineering approach aimed at directly restoring brain function.
87 Discharge discussions in hospice: patient and families’ experiences

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Background</st> St Nicholas Hospice Care covers a population of 2 85 000 across West Suffolk/South Norfolk, with a 10-bed ward and community services. This project was prompted by feedback that discharge planning was a source of distress for some patients/families, particularly if the patient died during admission. We aimed to investigate the scale of the problem and identify areas for improvement. </sec> <sec><st>Method</st> Admissions April-July 2017 inclusive were identified. Demographics and details of admission and discharge were retrieved for each patient, collated and analysed. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> 77 admissions were identified from 73 patients (4 readmissions). 40 (52%) patients died in hospice, 35 (45%) were discharged (3% were transferred to hospital). For those dying in hospice, only 15 (37.5%) had discharge discussed at any point, though for 11 (73%) of those, discussions continued, within a week of death. Discharge discussions were much more likely to be hospice-led for those who died here (13/15; 87%), whereas patients who were discharged initiated the planning discussions 60% of the time (21/35). Rearranging, in hospice-led discharge discussions, 48% (13/27) went on to die during admission, whereas in patient-led discussions, just 9% (2/23) died, a statistically significant difference (p=0.002). Of those discharged, 29 (83%) had a positive reaction to discussions; 6 (17%) had a neutral (accepting) reaction. For those who died in hospice having discharge discussions, reactions were 8 (53%) positive, 5 (33%) neutral and 2 (13%) negative. Families’ reactions were very similar. Of those discharged, 20 (57%) lived for over four weeks after discharge. 10 (29%) died within 2 weeks of discharge: only one had a non-positive reaction to discharge planning. </sec> <sec><st>Conclusions</st> The majority of patients do not appear to have inappropriate discharge discussions very close to a death in the hospice. Hospice-led discharge discussions more often are followed by patients dying prior to discharge – a known source of distress – than patient-led discussions are. This study therefore suggests that hospice-led discharge discussions would be a time for caution. </sec>
Anti-tumor immunity influences cancer cell reliance upon ATG7

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Macroautophagy (autophagy) is an essential cellular catabolic process required for survival under conditions of starvation. The role of autophagy in cancer is complex, context-dependent and at times contradictory, as it has been shown to inhibit, promote or be dispensable for tumor progression. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of the immune system to the reliance of tumors on autophagy by depleting autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) in murine tumor cells and grafting into immunocompetent versus immunodeficient hosts. Although loss of ATG7 did not affect tumor growth in vitro or in immunodeficient mice, our studies revealed that cancer cell reliance on autophagy was influenced by anti-tumor immune responses, including those mediated by CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, we provide insights into possible mechanisms by which autophagy disruption can enhance anti-tumor immune responses and suggest that autophagy disruption may further benefit patients with immunoreactive tumors.
Antitumor And Growth Effector Screen Of Leaf Extracts Of Selected Mangroves Of Bhitarkanika, Odisha

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mangroves are known to possess medicinal properties and this has been established by research over years. The screen of antitumor and growth effector potential of few mangrove plants of Bhitarkanika natural reserve Odisha, helps to identify the total therapeutic potential of these plant ex- tracts due to net composition of several primary and secondary metabolites ranging from carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids to that of aliphatic alcohols and pheromones. Radish seed phytotoxicity assay and Zone of inhibition study against Agrobacterium tumefaciens and potato disc assay show a distinct interference of plant extracts against tumor formation and bacterial growth, thereby attributing to its antitumor and growth inhibitor properties. This screen helps in identifying these potential plant types that can be used for medicinal purposes against specific bacterias and microbes and also be used as a nutrient supplement for fighting against the free oxide radicals.
A High Gain, Low Power Operational Transconductance Amplifier Capable of Recording and Processing ECG Signals

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Based on high output resistor current mirrors and differential pair inputs, a new operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is designed in this paper that can collect, filter, denoise and amplify electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The OTA is designed on a 0.18μm CMOS process with a supply voltage of 1.8V. In this experiment, the ECG signal generated by the human model is first simulated, which has a noise of 50 Hz from electromagnetic interference, especially the electrical power lines. The differential input pair is then connected to the model, and it is proved that it can denoise the common-mode noise. Finally, the designed OTA is connected to the manikin, and the experimental results are compared with the traditional OTA. The design achieves a differential-mode gain of 43.56dB and a common-mode gain of -31.36dB while maintaining a differential input voltage swing of 1Vpp. Experimental results show that the OTA can denoise and amplify the ECG signal without distortion.
Will the Real Division Algorithm Please Stand Up?

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Most of the literature concerned with the division of whole numbers has dealt either with different variations of processes for division or with different strategies for teaching such processes to children. The index of almost any source dealing with the learning of elementary school mathematics contains the phrase division algorithm . However, the narrative to which it refers almost invariably reveals that the phrase refers to a description of some aspect of division as a process . All too frequently, one also finds that the particular process is referred to as “the division algorithm.” Such a descriptor is misleading, for there are many different division processes.
Selective vulnerability in Parkinson's disease: contributions from neuronal connectivity, lineage and functional identity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, a specific set of neuronal populations are known to present Lewy pathology, cell death or both. This selective distribution of vulnerability is observed during disease progression and it has been hypothesised to result from both brain connectivity and shared cell-autonomous characteristics. Herein we simulate the contribution of the connectome alone to the spread of arbitrary aggregates using a computational model of temporal spread within an abstract representation of the mouse mesoscale connectome. Our simulations are compared with the spread of alpha-synuclein aggregation within in vivo mouse models. This comparison highlights that neuronal connectivity appears to be required for the presence of alpha-synuclein aggregation, however, it is insufficient to fully describe the pattern of distribution of pathology throughout the mouse brain. Therefore, we further investigate the role of the shared cell-autonomous characteristics by analysing the developmental lineages, mature transcriptomic profiles and metabolic capabilities of a subset of 28 synaptically connected neuronal populations that are vulnerable to PD, to varying degrees. We highlight a set of developmental transcription factors that are commonly required for specification of many vulnerable brainstem neurons, e.g. Ascl1 and Lmx1b, and transcription factors that are able to distinguish between differently vulnerable neuronal populations, e.g. Pitx3. Using genome-wide microarray data from six brains of healthy donors, we further investigate the existence of a shared transcriptomic profile between vulnerable neuronal populations. We highlight a list of genes whose expression levels seem to selectivity identify the set of vulnerable neuronal populations. Interestingly, many of these genes are involved in biological processes previously implicated in PD, some of which have also variants previously highlighted in genome-wide association studies of PD. Since the vulnerable set of neurons are known to have a high metabolic burden, we used a constraint-based modelling approach to generate metabolic models and further investigate their ability to generate mitochondrial ATP. Interestingly, most of the metabolic models of vulnerable brain structures seem to specifically require the same set of metabolic reactions in order to generate mitochondrial ATP. This thesis, therefore, highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the pathogenesis of PD.
Mercury-free mouse ICSI with rotationally oscillating drill (Ros-Drill<sup>&#x00A9;</sup>)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) is an important and commonly used assisted reproductive technology (ART) in humans and animals. However, conventional ICSI has proven to be difficult and inefficient, especially in mice. Fortunately, the application of piezo-electric technology to assist the injection process has made ICSI more effective and efficient in recent years. Despite this advance, the pipette tip is unstable in response to the force exerted by the piezoelectric pulse during injection. To some extent, this instability can be mitigated by the use of mercury, which is highly toxic. In an effort to overcome these hurdles, we developed and tested a completely different and mercury-free technology, called the "Ros-Drill © " (rotationally oscillating drill), which uses a microprocessor-controlled actuator to generate rotational oscillations on a spiked micropipette. ICSI utilizing the Ros-Drill © requires neither mercury nor piezoelectricity. Early experimental trials reveal high survival (≫70% of the injected oocytes), fertilization (≫ 80% of the survived oocytes), and blastocyst formation rates (∼ 50% of the survived oocytes). After surgical transfer of blastocysts created by Ros-Drill © ICSI into pseudopregnant surrogate mothers, healthy pups were born and weaned. Because the Ros-Drill ICSI technique is automated, a very short training period is required, especially for specialists. These studies in mice have revealed, that Ros-Drill ICSI has mentioned advantages over conventional and piezo-assisted ICSI starting with the elimination of mercury in the process.