jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Mink Related to Host-, Virus- and Farm-Associated Factors, The Netherlands 2020

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks on 69 Dutch mink farms in 2020 were studied to identify risk factors for virus introduction and transmission and to improve surveillance and containment measures. Clinical signs, laboratory test results, and epidemiological aspects were investigated, such as the date and reason of suspicion, housing, farm size and distances, human contact structure, biosecurity measures, and presence of wildlife, pets, pests, and manure management. On seven farms, extensive random sampling was performed, and age, coat color, sex, and clinical signs were recorded. Mild to severe respiratory signs and general diseases such as apathy, reduced feed intake, and increased mortality were detected on 62/69 farms. Throat swabs were more likely to result in virus detection than rectal swabs. Clinical signs differed between virus clusters and were more severe for dark-colored mink, males, and animals infected later during the year. Geographical clustering was found for one virus cluster. Shared personnel could explain some cases, but other transmission routes explaining farm-to-farm spread were not elucidated. An early warning surveillance system, strict biosecurity measures, and a (temporary) ban on mink farming and vaccinating animals and humans can contribute to reducing the risks of the virus spreading and acquisition of potential mutations relevant to human and animal health.
Temperature memory effect in shape memory polymer for over heating monitoring

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Shape memory materials (SMMs) plays an important role in the current society and is widely used in numerous industries that includes aerospace, automotive, telecommunication, robotics, medicine and even dentistry. It provides an edge over conventional materials with the ability to undergo controlled shape memory effect (SME), where a deformed material can restore its original shape with the appropriate stimulus. In addition to SME, SMMs possess temperature memory effect (TME) where particular temperature(s) in the previous heating process(es) can be memorised and revealed subsequently. TME has been discovered and extensively studied in certain shape memory alloys (SMAs) but has yet been solely observed in shape memory polymers (SMPs). This final year report aims to investigate on the existence and mechanism of TME in SMPs and the feasibility of integration into real life applications, such as in the replacement of conventional temperature sensors in monitoring instances of overheating and overcooling events. The material that this report will focus on is Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) 265A and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) test will present the TME results by investigating into the heat energy difference of the material. The traditional single and double stop cycles are notably expanded into multiple stop cycles in this report with studies into other external variables such as heating rates to better study the limiting conditions of TME in SMPs. With the nature and pattern fully comprehended, the effort and time required to analyse and understand future SMPs can be greatly reduced. In addition to determining the TME accuracy of TPU 265A, the data in this study can also be used in comparison with future works for evaluation of performance.
FUSCANet: Enhancing Skin Disease Classification Through Feature Fusion and Spatial-Channel Attention Mechanisms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Skin diseases represent a prevalent global health issue that significantly impacts the physical and mental well-being of patients. With the widespread application of computer vision technology in dermatology, automating skin lesion classification through computer algorithms has become a crucial method for improving diagnostic efficiency and reducing the mortality rate due to malignant skin conditions. In response to this need, a novel lightweight neural network model, called Feature fUsion and Spatial-Channel Attention Network (FUSCANet) model, is proposed in this paper, based on the MobileViT framework, aiming at classifying multi-class skin disease images on mobile or embedded devices. Firstly, a newly designed Leaky MobileNetV2 (LMV2) block, integrated into the proposed model, allows to enhance its ability to extract features from skin images. Then, a novel Multi-Scale Feature Aggregation (MSFA) layer is added to enhance feature extraction across various scales, effectively capturing more comprehensive features and fusing feature maps from different scales to improve final feature reuse. Lastly, a newly designed Enhanced Convolutional Block Attention Module (ECBAM) increases the model’s focus on important information, allowing for the final extraction and summarization of features. The proposed FUSCANet model is evaluated on four different datasets (the public PAD-UFES-20, HAM10000, and ISIC 2019 datasets, and a private dataset) containing images of various skin diseases. The obtained experimental results show that FUSCANet outperforms existing models on most evaluation metrics, while maintaining low parameter counts, making it suitable for deployment in resource-constrained environments.
Method for the Determination of Hard Alloys’ Maximum Performance Temperature in the Context of the Metal-Cutting Tools’ Usage Quality Estimation Technique

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The article seals with the study of hard alloy (WC-Co) crack resistance (fracture toughness), depending on the temperature. Three representatives of one-carbide hard alloys (WC 94% Co 6% (fine grain); WC 92%, Co 8%; and WC 85%, Co 15% alloys) were chosen to determine the temperature influence on the stress intensity factor. During the obtained dependences’ analysis, we revealed that the hard alloy maximum performance temperature could be determined by the maximum value of stress intensity factor K IC . The relation between the temperature of hard alloy (WC-Co) maximum crack resistance (fracture toughness) and the temperature of these materials’ maximum performance, is shown here as a result of experimental study of the dependence of impact resistance from temperature. In addition, the hard alloys’ maximum performance temperature determination technique is developed.
How to Manage Plague and COVID-19: Parallels and Differences Between Today and Premodern and Early-Modern Medical Theories

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been growing interest in outbreaks of epidemic diseases that occurred earlier on in history. One of the recurring themes in such treatments seems be a desire to highlight how modern perceptions have advanced enormously compared to the past, at least in the Estonian press, to which this essay reacts. The aim of this piece is, on the contrary, to provide a brief overview of some of such past ideas about the causes of the infectious diseases (especially the plague), with an emphasis on how, despite the undoubtedly remarkable development of medical science, perceptions of such diseases and the methods used to combat them have remained surprisingly similar in many respects over the centuries. The article looks at some of the early modern understandings of the plague, drawing mainly on the English physician John Allen (ca. 1660-1741) and the Austrian physician and writer Adam von Lebenwaldt (1624-1696). Both of them were personally engaged as plague doctors and drew on their own experience, comparing it with views from antiquity and contemporary literature. Early modern authors had introduced many new theories compared to the Middle Ages and as Europe was struck by several plague epidemics in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the amount of material to draw on increased substantially.
Future Trends in Healthcare Through Artifical Intellegence

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare by enabling personalized medicine, predictive analytics, automation, and telemedicine. AI algorithms analyze patient data to tailor treatments, predict diseases, automate administrative tasks, and facilitate remote consultations. These advancements improve patient outcomes, enhance operational efficiency, and increase access to healthcare services. However, challenges such as data privacy and algorithm bias must be addressed to ensure ethical and equitable AI deployment in healthcare. Overall, AI-driven innovations hold immense promise for revolutionizing the future of healthcare delivery.
Efficacy of targeted therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on the efficacy of the targeted therapies in the treatment of advanced RCC and, via an indirect comparison, to provide an optimal treatment among these agents. A systematic search of Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Clinical Trials unpublished was performed up to Jan 1, 2015 to identify eligible randomized trials. Outcomes of interest assessing a targeted agent included progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR). Thirty eligible randomized controlled studies, total twentyfourth trails (5110 cases and 4626 controls) were identified. Compared with placebo and IFN-α, single vascular epithelial growth factor (receptor) tyrosine kinase inhibitor and mammalian target of rapamycin agent (VEGF(r)-TKI & mTOR inhibitor) were associated with improved PFS, improved OS and higher ORR, respectively. Comparing sorafenib combination vs sorafenib, there was no significant difference with regard to PFS and OS, but with a higher ORR. Comparing single or combination VEGF(r)-TKI & mTOR inhibitor vs BEV + IFN-α, there was no significant difference with regard to PFS, OS, or ORR. Our network ITC meta-analysis also indicated a superior PFS of axitinib and everolimus compared to sorafenib. Our data suggest that targeted therapy with VEGF(r)-TKI & mTOR inhibitor is associated with superior efficacy for treating advanced RCC with improved PFS, OS and higher ORR compared to placebo and IFN-α. In summary, here we give a comprehensive overview of current targeted therapies of advanced RCC that may provide evidence for the adequate targeted therapy selecting.
Spillover Effect between Stock and Currency Markets: An Empirical evidence from Developed and Developing Economies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Volatility Spillover between currency and equity markets has gained much attention for academicians and policy makers in recent era. Many studies has been conducted on this relationship in developed economies. But in this study, we use daily time series data from G8+5 countries and Pakistan for the 2000-2016 and apply DCC-GARCH to check the sign and magnitude of spillover effect between currency and equity markets. Results have shown that Brazil, Germany, USA, UK, Russia, South Africa, Pakistan, Japan, Italy, India, France and Canada has positive spillover between these two markets. Mexico and China reported no spillover between these two markets.
An account of some of the incised and sepulchral slabs in north-west Somersetshire

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article An account of some of the incised and sepulchral slabs in north-west Somersetshire Get access Notes and Queries, Volume s6-VII, Issue 163, 10 February 1883, Page 120, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s6-VII.163.120a Published: 10 February 1883
THE EFFECT OF GROWTH STIMULANTS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAIN CORN

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One of the most effective ways to increase grain yield per hectare is the introduction of corn for grain into the grain crop rotation, since corn is a high-yielding crop and a good precursor for spring breads, as well as a soil fertility restorer and a drought-resistant plant. Therefore, the introduction of new cultivation technologies and modern hybrids of grain corn is of great relevance at the present time. The purpose of our research was to optimize the use of growth stimulants in the cultivation of various hybrids of grain corn in the northern zone of the Krasnodar Territory. Field experiments were conducted in the production conditions of Zarya LLC in the Krylovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory in 2023 and 2024. In field experiments, three corn hybrids were used as research objects: KSS 5291, P 8834 and GS 370. In the field experiment, the scheme included options for studying the effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds and leafy top dressing with growth stimulants on the growth, development and yield of corn. The largest root mass of grain corn was formed in the GS-370 hybrid on plots with a growth stimulant Energy M and amounted to 3,874 t/ha, which turned out to be 692 kg/ha, or 22% more than the minimum value. The maximum dry biomass in the experiment was observed in the GS-370 hybrid on plots using the growth stimulator Energy M and was 10.948 t/ha, that is, by 2.291 t/ha or 26% more than the minimum value. The maximum net photosynthesis productivity (BPF) of corn was formed in hybrid P 8834 on plots without the use of growth stimulants and was equal to 4,616 g/m2 day, that is, by 413 g/m2 day or 9.8% more than the minimum value. The highest economic yield was formed in the GS-370 hybrid, ranging from 7.08 t/ha on plots without the use of growth stimulants to 7.84 t/ha on variants using pre-sowing seed treatment and two leaf fertilizing with the Energia M stimulant.
Development of Android/iPhone application for image processing and searching

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This project is mainly about designing an Android application related to image searching and recognition. With the WeChat API, the application realize the function of comparing the captured photo with the data library for the result of target MD5 code and use the code as an index obtain the specific name of the logo in the taken photo. There are two way to approach to the detected picture, one is taking from the camera right now; another is obtain from the album in the smartphone. Also the application gives a link at the result page so that users can easily get the access to the detailed information about the logo they are looking for. Besides, this project put forward an algorithm to decrease the glares in the images that need to be recognized.
Improved Seeding Strategies in Response to Variability in the Start of the Rainy Season in Mali, West Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Small-scale automatic weather monitoring stations were placed on fields of 14 farmers in a semi-arid zone village (Niessoumana) and 15 farmers in a semi-humid zone village (Diou) in Mali, West Africa. Data on the farmers’ cropping practices were gathered weekly by interviews. In the semi-arid village, variation in precipitation during the seeding period 21 May-15 June was greater in 2001 and 2002 than in 2003, and the second of two seeding criteria (less than 7 days between 10 mm rains) was met earlier in 2003 (22 or 25 May) than 2001 (17 June) or 2002 (3 July). Farmers seeded upland crops later in 2002 (5 June-11 July) than 2001 (27 May-22 June) or 2003 (27 May-20 June). Reseeding rates for sorghum and millet seeded before the first seeding criteria (10 mm rainfall on one day) were 82% in 2001, but decreased to 44% in 2002 and 0% in 2003. In the semi-humid village, farmers seeded upland crops later, 20 June-30 July in 2001, 18 June-22 July in 2002, and 16 June-20 July in 2003. No millet or sorghum parcels were seeded before the first rainfall criterion date. Percentages of plots reseeded were 11-13% over the three years.
Advanced engineering tools for next generation substation automation systems: the added value of IEC 61850 and the INPACT project

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

DOI: 10.1049/cp.2009.0680 ISBN: 978 1 84919 126 5 Location: Prague, Czech Republic Conference date: 8-11 June 2009 Format: PDF Automation systems according to IEC 61850 are a powerful solution for station automation. Engineering of such distributed systems is however a non-trivial task which requires different approaches and enhanced tool support. In this paper the authors (i) present how IEC 61850 is viewed and is being adopted by a utility and vendor, (ii) discuss its engineering potential and current issues, (iii) point-out global requirements for next generation tools, (iv) present the InP ACT project which is tackling some of these concerns and (v) propose key elements of visual languages as one contributing enhancement. (4 pages) Inspec keywords: software tools; IEC standards; power engineering computing; visual languages; substation automation Subjects: Power engineering computing; Substations
Listeria monocytogenes causing hospital-acquired enterocolitis and meningitis in newborn infants.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

These findings emphasise the importance of daily close monitoring of peak and trough concentrations of aminoglycosides as well as concentrations before and after dialysis.A 24-hour Ion-call rapid assay service allowed us to make frequent changes in dosage and timing according to the results obtained.In our experience aminoglycosides are effective and safe in this group of patients, and treatment may thus be started before infection has been bacteriologically confirmed.Immunosuppression predisposes to candida infection after renal transplantation.We did not find more patients with the infection as a result of antibiotic treatment, and only two needed treatment with flucytosine.*More detailed information on each patient is available on request.
Bootstrap hypothesis tests for evolutionary trees and other dendrograms.

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The bootstrap computer-intensive statistical technique is frequently applied to statistical analyses of phylogenetic trees. The widely used rule that a group is supported significantly if it appears in at least 95% of bootstrap trees is conservative in most situations. This paper describes three ways of using the bootstrap to carry out statistical inference on phylogenies. The first method tests whether there is nonrandom support for a single group or tree. The second method compares the support for two groups or trees. The third method tests whether a single group or tree has better support than the set of all possible alternatives; this may be a replacement for the "95% rule." These tests generally require fewer bootstrap trees to be estimated than do other methods of bootstrapping phylogenies. A simple, sequential statistical method can be used to increase the efficiency further. These methods can be applied to tests of multiple hypotheses about a single phylogeny. Parsimony analyses of 5S rRNA sequences of plants and cluster analyses of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA bands in three pathotypes of the cereal eyespot fungus are used as illustrative examples. The tests can be used to analyze dendrograms in subjects other than taxonomy.
Biodegradable Films for Food Packaging

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the development of technology and people's changing lifestyles, the use of ready-to-eat foods is increasing day-to-day. Therefore, maintaining nutritional value and quality and freshness of food is of particular importance. One way to preserve the quality and freshness of food is to pack them. This has led to increase in the use of petroleum polymers in the packaging industry, especially food packaging. Various polymers such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, poly terephthalate, etc. are widely produced and are used in the packaging industries. Contaminations that are created by synthetic plastics, known as white contamination, comprise the main portion of the world's environmental pollution. Concerns about environmental contamination by industrial polymers led to researchers being prompted to investigate and produce natural polymers. The main aim is to use the natural polymers rather than petroleum polymers. This chapter examines the chemical structure of biopolymers, various research studies on the use of biodegradable packaging and their applications in the food industry.
lightEPC: A Formal Approach for Modeling Personalized Lightweight Event-Driven Business Process

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A considerable number of business process modeling approaches are developed for end-users in recent years. The core issue of end-user oriented business process modeling is how to fill the gap between end-user friendly business process model and professional IT process model. In our previous work, a wizard based lightweight event-driven modeling method is designed for end-users to create their own personalized process. We observe that such a process created by end-users often cause execution time errors, which cannot be effectively detected by existing modeling languages. In this paper, we propose a formal model based on extended event-driven process chain (eEPC), which is named lightweight event-driven process chain (lightEPC). We give complete formalization of lightEPC and present two error patterns and corresponding detection algorithms to perform design-time model checking based on this model. These approaches effectively help end-users to create correct business process satisfying their personalized requirements.
Extremal functions for the trudinger-moser inequality in 2 dimensions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove that theTrudinger-Moser constant $$\sup \left\{ {\int_\Omega {\exp (4\pi u^2 )dx:u \in H_0^{1,2} (\Omega )\int_\Omega {\left| {\nabla u} \right|^2 dx \leqslant 1} } } \right\}$$ is attained on every 2-dimensional domain. For disks this result, is due to Carleson-Chang. For other domains we derived an isoperimetric inequality which relates the ratio of the supremum of, the functional and its maximal limit on concentrating sequences to the corresponding quantity for disks. A conformal rearrangement is introduced to prove this inequality. I would like to thank Jürgen Moser and Michael Struwe for helpful advice and criticism.