jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss and the Troubled Symbolic Production of a Man Booker Prize Winner

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Kiran Desai's second novel, The Inheritance of Loss, was published by Penguin subsidiaries in India and North America in January 2006, and seven months later in the UK by Hamish Hamilton, a Penguin imprint. That same year, it won the Man Booker Prize, the UK's most prestigious literary award, as well as the National Book Critics Circle Fiction Award, one of the three most prestigious literary prizes in the USA. However, the book also became subject to protests in the Indian town in which it was partly set. These events provide an ideal opportunity for scholars to do what Sarah Brouillette argues they have too rarely done, and examine 'the specific interconnections between the content of literary work and the circuits through which texts pass as they are produced and consumed'.1 In this chapter, I shall therefore focus on selected episodes from the novel's production and reception in order to provide a rich picture of its place in the global cultural economy, and to attempt to understand the complex and conflicted position into which a literary novel positioned as 'Indian' must enter if it is to be accepted by the readers for whom such novels are, to use Pierre Bourdieu's phrase, 'objectively destined'.2 KeywordsHedge FundShadow EconomyPublisher WeeklyGlobal LiteraryIndia TodayThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
DERIVING CROPPING SYSTEM EFFICIENCY PATTERN USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS: A CASE STUDY OF BIJNOR DISTRICT, INDIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

: Sustainability of agricultural resource can be achieved by optimum cropping pattern within an agro-ecological region. Multi-date satellite data from the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS)-P6 LISS III was used for the generation of the cropping pattern and crop rotation during Rabi and Kharif seasons in Bijnor District, India. Multiple cropping index (MCI), Area diversity index (ADI) and cultivated land utilization index (CLUI) were used to assess the efficiency of the cropping systems. A total of 17 cropping patterns were identified and mapped in the study area. Nearly 79% of the total geographical area was devoted to net cropped area. Among the various cropping patterns, sugarcane as a single crop, rice-wheat, and sugarcane-wheat were the major cropping patterns occupying about 33%, 11% and 8% of the total geographical area of the district respectively. The values of the MCI and ADI indicated high cropping intensity and diversity whereas CLUI indicates moderate land utilization in the study area.
Endogenous Cardiac Steroids in Bipolar Disorder: State of the Art

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric illness with a poor prognosis and problematic, suboptimal, treatments. Treatments, borne of an understanding of the pathoetiologic mechanisms, need to be developed in order to improve outcomes. Dysregulation of cationic homeostasis is the most reproducible aspect of BD pathophysiology. Correction of ionic balance is the universal mechanism of action of all mood stabilizing medications. Endogenous sodium pump modulators (collectively known as endogenous cardiac steroids, ECS) are steroids which are synthesized in and released from the adrenal gland and brain. These compounds, by activating or inhibiting Na+, K+-ATPase activity and activating intracellular signaling cascades, have numerous effects on cell survival, vascular tone homeostasis, inflammation, and neuronal activity. For the past twenty years we have addressed the hypothesis that the Na+, K+-ATPase-ECS system may be involved in the etiology of BD. This is a focused review that presents a comprehensive model pertaining to the role of ECS in the etiology of BD. We propose that alterations in ECS metabolism in the brain cause numerous biochemical changes that underlie brain dysfunction and mood symptoms. This is based on both animal models and translational human results. There are data that demonstrate that excess ECS induce abnormal mood and activity in animals, while a specific removal of ECS with antibodies normalizes mood. There are also data indicating that circulating levels of ECS are lower in manic individuals, and that patients with BD are unable to upregulate synthesis of ECS under conditions that increase their elaboration in non-psychiatric controls. There is strong evidence for the involvement of ion dysregulation and ECS function in bipolar illness. Additional research is required to fully characterize these abnormalities and define future clinical directions.
Spatial variations in the socioeconomic development of rural municipalities in the podkarpackie voivodeship

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The main goal of all territorial administration units, including municipalities, is to promote socioeconomic development. The implemented actions address a broad range of economic, social, spatial and environmental issues. Therefore, socioeconomic development is a complex and multi-dimensional concept that is difficult to evaluate in an unambiguous and objective manner. Statistical methods in object-based multidimensional modeling support such evaluations by considering numerous attributes/variables, which increases the efficiency of the analytical process. In this article, Hellwig’s development pattern method was applied to classify rural municipalities in Podkarpackie Voivodeship based on their socioeconomic development. Twenty-seven indicators were designed for the needs of the analysis with the use of Statistics Poland data for 2018. Based on the results, the municipalities were grouped into four classes with different levels of socioeconomic development. Class III was the largest group, and it was composed of 39 municipalities with a medium-low level of socioeconomic development. Class II was composed of a similar number of municipalities (38) with a medium-high level of socioeconomic development. The smallest groups were Class I containing 18 municipalities with a high level of socioeconomic development, and class IV containing 14 municipalities with a low level of development.
Characterisation of cells cultured from advanced atherosclerotic lesions of the rabbit.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study focused on cells cultured from late atherosclerotic lesions produced in rabbits by 6 months' cholesterol feeding followed by another 6 months' feeding with a normal rabbit chow. The growth rates of cells from both atherosclerotic and normal aortas were equal. The incorporation of [3H]proline into total protein and collagen as well as into collagen types I and III was also similar in cells from both origins. The cells from atherosclerotic rabbit aortas incorporated less [3H]glucosamine into sulphated glycosaminoglycans, but more into hyaluronic acid than cells from normal aortas. Cells from both origins were typical arterial smooth muscle cells as judged by electron microscopic examination. The results show that the enhanced metabolism of cells cultured from proliferative atherosclerotic lesions of the rabbit is no longer present in cells cultured from more advanced lesions.
Purification of water from small man-made reservoirs by coagulation using purified proteins from Vigna and Parkinsonia seeds

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Water supply services in urban and rural areas of Tanzania were reviewed and specific studies were carried out on water supply and on purification of turbid water sources using locally available plant materials in rural villages of Singida Rural District. The review showed that large proportions of urban and rural populations in Tanzania face acute water supply problems mainly due to poor planning, implementation and management of water supply projects, including an inability to address social, technical, operation and maintenance and financial issues. Laboratory-scale experiments studied the effectiveness of crude seed extracts (CSEs) and purified proteins of Vigna unguiculata (VUP), Parkinsonia aculeata (PAP) and Voandzeia subterranea (VS) seeds, which are used traditionally for clarification of turbid water. The VUP and PAP were purified from CSEs using simple and straightforward two-step ion exchange chromatography. The coagulant proteins are thermoresistant and have a wide pH range for coagulation activity. Coagulation of turbid waters with CSEs, VUP and PAP produced low sludge volumes and removed turbidity along with other inorganic contaminants in line with Tanzania drinking water quality standards. The PAP also showed antimicrobial effect against river water bacteria. Citrus fruit juice (CF) enhanced the coagulation of turbid water by CSEs and inhibited bacterial growth, rendering it useful for disinfection of water prior to drinking in rural areas. It was concluded that natural coagulants should not be regarded as a panacea for rural water supply problems, but rather a tool in the development of sustainable water supply services in Tanzania.
Evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance in systemic carnitine deficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Identical twin girls died at age 3 years from acute episodes of metabolic encephalopathy reminiscent of Reye syndrome. Biochemical studies in one of the twins demonstrated low levels of carnitine in muscle, liver, and plasma. Carnitine content was low in the liver and plasma of both parents, implying autosomal recessive transmission.
Shear bond strength of metal brackets bonded to enamel surface and two esthetic restorative materials

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

MZ100 composite and Vita Mark II (P = 0.02).However, there was no statistically significant difference between control group and Vita Mark II group( P = 0.07).This study revealed that the median of SBS for metal brackets to esthetic substrates(MZ100 =5.7 and Vita Mark II=8) was significantly lower than that of the natural teeth (9.9 MPa) but, at the same time they were within the acceptable clinical range (6-10 Mp) ( 6).However, the SBS of the metal brackets to the porcelain substrates was superior to that of composite.It was concluded that compomer luting cement may be used for direct bonding of orthodontic metal brackets to esthetic restorations in clinical practice.
Improving medical device safety and performance: From passive reporting to active surveillance and beyond

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Medical device use is expanding with the emergence of sophisticated applications to gather, store, process and communicate patient-centric data. Diversity, fast-paced technological advances and complex interfaces between users and technology complicate challenges associated with promoting medical device safety. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to evaluate strategies for improving medical device safety and performance through collaborative evidence generation and innovative analytics. Developing public–private partnerships and the infrastructure for active surveillance, evidence generation and data analytics requires engaged and enlightened institutional leadership who share a common vision and values. Integration of interprofessional initiatives may remediate the silo mentality pandemic in the healthcare community, harness the digital revolution for surveillance and promote improvements in medical device safety and performance.
Hazardous Asteroids Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Hazardous asteroid has been one of the concerns for humankind as fallen asteroid on earth could cost a huge impact on the society.Monitoring these objects could help predict future impact events, but such efforts are hindered by the large numbers of objects that pass in the Earth's vicinity. The aim of this project is to use machine learning and deep learning to accurately classify hazardous asteroids. A total of ten methods which consist of five machine learning algorithms and five deep learning models are trained and evaluated to find the suitable model that solves the issue. We experiment on two datasets, one from Kaggle and one we extracted from a web service called NeoWS which is a RESTful web service from NASA that provides information about near earth asteroids, it updates every day. In overall, the model is tested on two datasets with different features to find the most accurate model to perform the classification.
Resource Allocation for Repetitive Construction Schedules: An Ant Colony Optimization Approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Project scheduling is one of the most important topics in construction management. Many construction projects, such as highway construction, pipelines, tunnels, and high-rise buildings, typically contain activities that are repeated continuously at different locations. Research has shown that many widely used scheduling techniqu es are not efficient enough in scheduling linear construction projects with repetitive activities. An Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) approach is proposed, evolutionary methods based on the foraging behavior of ants, to resource allocation in repetitive construction schedules constrained by the activity precedence and multiple resource limitations. The algorithm is used to optimally assign resources to repetitive project activities in order to minimize the overall project duration as well as the number of int erruption days. A sample case study is utilized to illustrate the application of the model.
Effects of an invasive plant on mycorrhizal fungi in the tallgrass prairie and detection by hyperspectral imagery

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Tallgrass prairies are degraded ecosystems vulnerable to invasion. Lespedeza cuneata (sericea) is an invasive plant overtaking prairies through biological mechanisms, such as abundant seed production, associations with nitrogen-fixers, and allelopathy. Using above-to-below-ground linkages, sericea can alter the composition of below-ground microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF boost plant success by improving nutrient uptake, defense, and growth in exchange for carbon. A homogeneous AMF composition from sericea monocultures could continue degrading prairies. However, prescribed fires are a common management method used in prairies to control sericea invasion. As prairies are heterogeneous with variations in plant composition and edaphic conditions, large-scale studies are needed to understand ecosystem-level invasion effects. We combined hyperspectral imagery with vegetation and soil fungal datasets for this large-scale study. We studied sericea invasion at the Joseph H. Williams Tallgrass Prairie Preserve. Plant surveys assessed invasion levels across 100 plots from which soil samples were collected to determine belowground characteristics. Soil samples were sieved to extract spores. Fungal DNA was extracted from each soil sample using a Qiagen PowerPro Soil Kit and was sent for DNA sequencing using Illumina sequencing and fungal-specific primers. From this, operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were filtered and clustered. Total spore counts and DNA read numbers were analyzed using regression analyses. A multivariate test analyzed spore and OTU composition. A Mantel test determined if hyperspectral imagery detected changes in spore composition, and a linear regression tested if hyperspectral diversity correlated with spore abundance. Sericea invasion significantly altered the communities of AMF, and marginally lowered the diversity of symbionts. Burn did not affect sericea invasion but did alter fungal communities as well. Nitrogen was increased by sericea invasion, and this greater nitrogen content also changed the fungal community. Hyperspectral diversity was significantly correlated with spore abundance. These results indicate that sericea significantly alters fungal communities of tallgrass prairies across large spatial scales, and hyperspectral imagery detects certain changes. AMF improve plant success, and when interactions are disrupted, native diversity is worsened. Our results demonstrate the potential for hyperspectral imagery to detect invasion and below-ground impacts.
Labeling DNA with Stable Isotopes: Economical and Practical Considerations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Labeling DNA with stable isotopes to measure cell proliferation can be a technique as effective as 3H-thymidine labeling without the limitations imposed by using radioisotopes. Here, we investigated the relative efficiency of four nonradioactive precursors to DNA: [1-13C]-glycine, [1,2-13C2]-glycine, [U-13C]-glucose, and [U-13C, 15N]-thymidine. The efficiency of incorporation for each of these labeled precursors in HEP G2 cells in culture has been studied. When considering the actual costs of in vivo experiments in which large doses of labeled material are needed, economical constraints may play an important role in defining a practical method. Therefore, the economics of this process were also considered. Using the enrichment per dollar for whichever nucleoside had the highest incorporation in a given experiment, glycine is about five times more economical as a label than thymidine and eight times more economical than glucose in these cells.
Data from Synergistic tumoricidal effect of combined hMUC1 vaccination and hNIS radioiodine gene therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>We examined the merits of combinatorial hMUC1 vaccination and hNIS radioiodine gene therapy and evaluated its tumoricidal effects in an animal tumor model. CMNF (CT26 expressing hMUC1, hNIS, and firefly luciferase) cells were transplanted into 28 mice, and 4 and 11 days after tumor challenge, tumor-bearing mice were immunized i.m. with pcDNA3.1 or pcDNA-hMUC1 vaccine and subsequently administered PBS or <sup>131</sup>I i.p. [four groups (7 mice per group): pcDNA3.1 + PBS, phMUC1 + PBS, pcDNA3.1 + <sup>131</sup>I, and phMUC1 + <sup>131</sup>I groups]. Thirty-two days after tumor challenge, we rechallenged mice in the pcDNA3.1 + <sup>131</sup>I and phMUC1 + <sup>131</sup>I groups with CMNF cells. Tumor progression and tumor-free mice (%) were monitored by bioluminescence. We investigated hMUC1-associated immune response generated by combination therapy. Marked tumor growth inhibition was observed in the phMUC1 + <sup>131</sup>I group by bioluminescence at 32 days after tumor challenge. Mice in phMUC1 + <sup>131</sup>I group showed complete hMUC1-expressing tumor suppression after tumor rechallenge, whereas mice in the pcDNA3.1 + <sup>131</sup>I group did not. The tumor-free mice (%) were much higher in the phMUC1 + <sup>131</sup>I group than in the other three groups. Levels of hMUC1-associated CD8<sup>+</sup>IFN-γ<sup>+</sup> T cells were higher in the phMUC1 + <sup>131</sup>I group than in the other three groups. hMUC1-loaded CD11<sup>+</sup> cells in the phMUC1 + <sup>131</sup>I group were found to be most effective at generating hMUC1-associated CD8<sup>+</sup>IFN-γ<sup>+</sup> T cells. The activities of hMUC1-associated cytotoxic T cells in the phMUC1 + <sup>131</sup>I group were higher than in the other three groups. Our data suggest that phMUC1 + <sup>131</sup>I combination therapy synergistically generates marked tumoricidal effects against established hMUC1-expressing cancers. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(7):2252–60]</p></div>
Information storage capacity of an optical holographic associative memory utilizing phase conjugation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The theoretical information storage capacity of conventional holographic memories has been analyzed by several workers and is extended in this paper to the holographic associative memory utilizing phase conjugate mirrors (PCMs). Macovski has performed an analysis for the thin hologram. He found for planar objects that, if the hologram space-bandwidth product (SBP) is n 2 , the number of resolvable object points N is n 2 /4, assuming that an off-axis reference beam is used to spatially offset the reconstructed image. Extending his analysis to our PCM-based associative memory, this SBP can be divided among M stored objects, each having n 2 /4 M resolvable points and each associated with a unique reference. For 3-D objects and plane wave references, N = 11/768 n 3 . ( N can be greater than n 2 because of the analog nature of the hologram.) Jannson has performed a similar analysis for the thick hologram case which includes the effects of the Bragg condition and the finite resolution of the hologram medium. In both the thin and thick hologram cases the storage capacity of the associative memory is further limited by the effective aperture of the PCM. This limits the range of reference beams and the degree to which the storable SBP can be divided among separate stored objects.
Measuring the willingness-to-pay for others' consumption: an application to joint decisions of children

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We propose a method to quantify other‐regarding preferences in group decisions. Our method is based on revealed preference theory. It measures willingness‐to‐pay for others' consumption and willingness‐to‐pay for equality in consumption by evaluating consumption externalities in monetary terms. We introduce an altruism parameter and an inequality aversion parameter. Each parameter defines a continuum of models characterized by varying degrees of externalities. We study the empirical performance of our method through a simulation analysis, in which we also investigate the impact of measurement error and increased sample size. Finally, we use our method to analyze decisions made by dyads of children in an experimental setting. We find that children's decisions are particularly characterized by varying levels of altruism. We relate this heterogeneity across children to age, gender, and the degree of friendship in dyads.
Investigation of shock waves in the relativistic Riemann problem: A comparison of viscous fluid dynamics to kinetic theory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We solve the relativistic Riemann problem in viscous matter using the relativistic Boltzmann equation and the relativistic causal dissipative fluid-dynamical approach of Israel and Stewart. Comparisons between these two approaches clarify and point out the regime of validity of second-order fluid dynamics in relativistic shock phenomena. The transition from ideal to viscous shocks is demonstrated by varying the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio $η/s$. We also find that a good agreement between these two approaches requires a Knudsen number $Kn < 1/2$.
Preparation and Characterization of Gold Nanoshells Coated with Self-Assembled Monolayers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the functionalization of the surfaces of gold nanoshells, which consist of silica nanoparticles coated with a continuous thin layer of gold. Previous studies have shown that gold nanoshells exhibit optical properties similar to those of metal colloids (e.g., strong optical absorptions and large third-order nonlinear optical polarizabilities). In contrast to metal colloids, however, the plasmon resonance of the nanoshells can be tuned to specific wavelengths across the visible and infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum by adjusting the relative size of the dielectric core and the thickness of the gold overlayer. In efforts to develop new strategies for protecting and manipulating these nanoparticles, this paper describes the functionalization of the surfaces of gold nanoshells with self-assembled monolayers derived from the adsorption of a series of alkanethiols. The nanoshells are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV−vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and by examining their relative solubility in a variety of organic solvents.