jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The influence of industry affiliation on corporate tax avoidance in Malaysia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Prior studies on tax avoidance have been emphasising on the individuals behaviour rather than corporations. In addition to this, the available studies on corporate tax avoidance, to date, have been focusing on the developed market while very little attention has been given to the developing countries. Thus, this study attempts to investigate the corporate tax avoidance behaviour in Malaysia, focusing on industry affiliations. Specifically, the objective of this study is to examine the importance of industry affiliations as possible contributions of corporate tax avoidance mechanism. This study documented the link between industry affiliations and corporate tax avoidance in an emerging market. This study tested the relationship by using a crosssectional-time series valuation using panel data analyses, which is Tobit estimations. The results confirmed the importance of industry differences in explaining corporate tax avoidance activity. As more data become available in the future, one could include tax avoidance study in non-listed companies.
MRI measurement of airway soft tissues parameters in obese patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poster: ESCR 2014 / 472 / MRI measurement of airway soft tissues parameters in obese patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea by: E. Butorova, D. Ustyuzhanin, R. Bakhtiozin, M. Shariya ; Moscow/RU
Real-time Parameter Estimation of Dynamic Power Systems using Multiple Observers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we describe a method suitable for real-time estimation of parameters of differential algebraic equation (DAE) dynamical models, generally used to model power systems. The method uses multiple observers that run in parallel, processing the same measured data from the process under consideration. The outputs from these observers are then used in a secondary least-squares estimation (LSE) process in order to identify the unknown parameters. We will demonstrate this parameter estimation using multiple observers (PEMO) on a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) example (where the generator inertia, prime mover torque and damping of the generator are unknown). This method can also be used as a fault detection, isolation and identification (FDI) filter that tracks parameter changes that can be indicative of such events as line outages, load and generation changes in a power system. We illustrate this concept on a nine-bus example.
The Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on Computed Tomography Evaluations in Pediatric Emergency Traumas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the number of computed tomography (CT) examinations and pathologies of the pediatric patients admitted to the emergency department due to trauma during the pandemic with the compatible non-pandemic time period.Matarials and Methods: This study was a retrospective study of the patients aged 0-18 years, who admitted to the emergency department due to trauma and had CT imaging in 1-30 April 2020 and 1-30 April 2019.Results: In April 2020, 448 patients applied to the emergency department due to trauma. CT scans were performed to 138 of these 448 (30.8%) patients. In April 2019, 2416 patients applied to the emergency department due to trauma. CT scans were performed to 463 of these 2416 (19.1%) patients. No statistically significant difference was found between the patients, who underwent CT in April 2020 and 2019 by gender (p=0.324). A statistically significant difference was found between 2020 and 2019 by the age groups (p&lt;0.001).Conclusion: This is neither the first nor the last pandemic the world has ever faced. It is very important to determine the differences in patient distribution and to prepare protocols and guidelines to be used during pandemics.
One-pot synthesis of C8 aldehydes/alcohols from propylene using eco-friendly hydrotalcite supported HRhCO(PPh3)3 catalyst

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A multi-functional catalyst [HF/HT] containing a rhodium complex, HRh(CO)(PPh3)3 [HF] and a solid base, hydrotalcite Mg1−xAlx(OH2)x+(CO32−)x/n·mH2O [HT], synthesized by impregnation of [HF] onto the surface of [HT], was investigated for the one-pot synthesis of C8 aldol derivatives (aldehydes or alcohols) from propylene. The catalyst was found to be efficient to carry out hydroformylation, aldol condensation and hydrogenation reactions in one pot. The catalytic activity of [HF/HT(X)] was studied in detail as functions of Mg/Al molar ratio (X) of [HT], amount of [HF] complex and [HT], and reaction temperature. The selectivity for 2-ethylhexanal was observed to increase upon increasing X and amount of [HT]. The highest selectivity for 2-ethylhexanol was observed for [HT] Mg/Al molar ratio of 3.5 at 250 °C. The kinetic profiles of the various products obtained were in agreement with the reaction pathway proposed to understand the role of the [HF/HT] catalyst on the formation of C8 aldol derivatives. Thermal stability of the [HF/HT] catalyst system was also investigated.
Growth and production performance of carps in shaded pond in Barisal, Bangladesh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The shaded nature of ponds in Barisal region constrained the pond polyculture. The present study was conducted with such shaded ponds to evaluate the growth and production performance of different carp species including rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in polyculture system. In this experiment, polyculture of carps at similar densities were conducted in two different types of shaded ponds selecting nine ponds at Dinar village in Charkawa Union of Barisal Sadar sub-district. Out of 9 ponds, 5 were heavily shaded ponds (HSP) and 4 were moderately shaded ponds (MSP) considered as T1 and T2, respectively. The average area of HSP and MSP was 0.03±0.01 and 0.07±0.03 ha, respectively which were experimented for a period of l80 days from July to December 2013. Carps were stocked at the rate of 14820/ha with the ratio of rohu, catla, mrigal and common carp - 2:1:2:1. Carps were fed with supplementary feed of the mixture of rice bran, wheat bran and mustard oilcake at the rate of 10% body weight for first 3 months and 5% body weight for last 3 months. The water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrite and ammonia were recorded. The highest weight gain was found in common carp (467.00±0.00 g) in T1 and lowest weight gained in mrigal (172.46±26.80 g) in T1. Apart from common carp, the individual growth and production of other species was higher in MSP compared to HSP. The higher production was obtained in T2 (2122.92±333.60 kg/ha/year) compared to T1 (1547.79±132.94 kg/ha/year).J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 235-241, December 2016
Breast tumor‐targeted drug delivery via polymer nanocarriers: Endogenous and exogenous strategies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Breast cancer, one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, has a high degree of malignancy while lacking efficient treatments. The off‐target events frequently occurring in drug administration have been a major obstacle, which causes severe side effects to patients and reduces the therapeutic efficacy. An ideal medication should precisely target the specific site with precise control over concentration and duration. In recent years, there has been immense progress in polymer nanocarriers that demonstrate great potential in the targeted delivery. These nanocarriers are constructed from materials sensitive to a wide range of endogenous (e.g., pH, enzyme, redox) and exogenous stimuli (e.g., light, ultrasound, magnetic waves), driving cargo release to the targeted tissue or cells. Here, we elucidate the mechanism of current targeting strategies and the engineering methods to construct these targeting systems or to improve their targeting efficiency. We capture the recent progress in the targeted nanocarriers derived from polymers which span hydrogels and micelles, demonstrating their design and applications in chemo, hyperthermia, immuno, and gene therapies.
Circular Economy Models in Industry: Developing a Conceptual Framework

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

One of the trends in sustainable economic development is the transition to circular business models, which aim to optimize goods and material flows by taking into account their cyclical nature at all production stages. Adapting circular business models to mining and mineral processing operations can serve as an impetus for mining companies to upgrade and move to a new level of technological sophistication. This article attempts to develop a conceptual framework for circular business models factoring in the nature of production chains in coal mining, power generation, and metal production to reduce production costs, expand the product range, improve sustainable development indicators, and deliver growth in company value. This article is based on desk studies that were aimed at analyzing the efficiency of circular models, organizing data on experience in rational resource use in the mining industry, and transforming basic circular models into adapted ones for the environment in which coal companies operate. This study developed a conceptual framework of options for the implementation and evaluation of circular business models using an interdisciplinary approach and taking into account the specific features of coal companies and the principle of a resource being valuable throughout its whole life cycle. The proposed conceptual framework of circular business models can be used by Russian coal companies to design corporate strategies and long-term development plans.
Phylogenomic Characterization of Ranavirus Isolated from Wild Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In September 2021, 14 smallmouth bass (SMB; Micropterus dolomieu) with skin lesions were collected from Green Bay waters of Lake Michigan and submitted for diagnostic evaluation. All the skin samples tested positive for largemouth bass virus (LMBV) by conventional PCR. The complete genome of the LMBV (99,328 bp) isolated from a homogenized skin sample was determined using an Illumina MiSeq sequencer. A maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis based on the 21 core iridovirus genes supported the LMBV isolated from SMB (LMBV-WVL21117) as a member of the species Santee-Cooper ranavirus. Pairwise nucleotide comparison of the major capsid protein (MCP) gene showed that LMBV-WVL21117 is identical to other LMBV reported from the United States and nearly identical to doctor fish virus and guppy virus 6 (99.2%) from Southeast Asia, as well as LMBV isolates from China and Thailand (99.1%). In addition, ML phylogenetic analysis based on the MCP gene suggests three genotypes of LMBV separated by region: genotype one from the United States, genotype two from Southeast Asia, and genotype three from China and Thailand. Additional research is needed to understand the prevalence and genetic diversity of LMBV strains circulating in wild and managed fish populations from different regions.
MEASUREMENT OF VELOCITY FIELD IN THE AERATED REGION OF A HYDRAULIC JUMP USING BUBBLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Hydraulic jump has been investigated extensively for several decades. However, a hydraulic jump usually entrains air bubbles in the roller region, making it hard to measure velocity in this region due to many technical difficulties. Many previous studies concentrated on the energy dissipation, jump length, water surface profile, and velocity profile out of the aerated region. The aim of the present study is to provide further insight of the flow in the aerated region of a hydraulic jump at Fr = 3.77 by using both PIV and BIV techniques.
REDD in Design: Assessment of Planned First-Generation Activities in Indonesia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Much of the guidance about potential impacts of reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) speculates how efforts would be implemented and draws lessons from other mechanisms, such as payments for ecosystem services (PES). However, with few REDD activities underway, little evidence indicates whether REDD projects are meeting these expectations. This article examines 17 REDD interventions under development in Indonesia, reports trends in project design, and assesses the extent to which interventions follow the model of pro-poor PES schemes. I find that a dominant type of REDD intervention follows a concession model and seeks to prevent large-scale conversion to plantations by outside actors. Although these projects fit the definition of PES at the scale at which the environmental service is transacted, PES characteristics are not a primary component of on-the-ground implementation. Small-holder actors are recognized as essential to the long-term success of the intervention, but are not the main focus.
Record of predation on the bat Rhinopoma microphyllum (Chiroptera: Rhinopomatidae) by the Spalerosophis microlepis (Reptilia: Colubridae), in western Iran

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

of the Zagros Range in vicinity of the northern Mesopotamian plain at the border of Iran and Iraq. This cave is a part of several large cavities created as a result of collapse in a karst formation. This collapse has exposed a large karst aquifer and two adjacent deep caves. The caves are about 100 meters away from a small village with the same name. The area around the caves is extensively altered for agriculture purposes and almost nothing is left from the natural vegetation cover except in the depth of high valleys. The weather condition in this area is characterized by a hot and dry summer and a winter with no freezing period. Although average annual precipitation in this area is around 300 mm most of this comes as winter or early spring rains. As a result, very few permanent streams and rivers are present in this area. In lowlands of the Mesopotamian plain summer is hot and average maximum temperature in July may approach to 50oC. However, in some areas where the Mesopotamian plain meets the Zagros range too abruptly a rapid environmental gradient appears as a result of interaction of the cold and wet climatic system from the highlands of the Iranian plateau and the hot and dry climate regime from the northern Mesopotamian plain.
Pertussis. A reemerging and an underreported infectious disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pertussis or whooping cough is a highly infectious, vaccine preventable disease. The incidence of the disease has greatly been reduced since the introduction of the diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis vaccine. Pertussis resurgence has been observed in highly vaccinated populations of Western countries since 1990s. Poor vaccine quality, waning vaccine induced immunity, pathogen adaptation, and enhanced surveillance as well as advancements in diagnostic facilities are some of the reasons considered responsible for the increased reporting of pertussis cases. Pertussis may have been ignored and unnoticed due to its atypical manifestations in partially immunized population or people with waning immunity. We review the reports of pertussis resurgence from different countries and attempt to investigate reasons behind the reappearance of the disease. Pertussis is still an under reported disease and the available data from the developing countries is not a true picture of the story. Therefore, developing countries need to improve their surveillance systems.
Investigation and Quantification of Damage in Geomaterials with the Technique of Dielectric Spectroscopy

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The technique of Dielectric Spectroscopy (DS) or Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) was applied on marbles in order to investigate the influence of previously applied uniaxial compressional stress and three point bending up to fracture. Parameters to be measured were the ac conductivity (σac), the real (ε΄) and the imaginary (ε΄΄) parts of complex relative permittivity when an ac electric field at frequencies 10kHz and 100kHz was applied upon dry and saturated samples which were successively subjected to higher levels of mechanical stress. The experimental results indicate that there are systematic declinations in the values of the above parameters between the state of stress and the state of relaxation. These declinations become more intense at higher stress values. It is concluded that the technique of dielectric spectroscopy constitutes a promising method of investigation and quantification of the damage that has occurred within the bulk of geomaterials.
Acetyl esterase from mediterranean oranges: partial purification, immobilisation and biotransformations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Acetyl esterase (acetic-ester acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.6) from citrus peel, whose natural role is not well known, catalyses, in vitro, the hydrolysis of acetyl groups from a wide range of substrates. This enzyme was extracted from Mediterranean orange peel, largely available in Italy, and purified 190-fold by a single chromatographic step on Sepabeads FP-HG. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme showed a major protein band, corresponding to a molecular mass of 45 kDa. Both free and immobilised enzyme were used in biotransformations. The enzyme removed the acetyl group in the 3 position of β-lactamic antibiotics, such as cephalosporin C and the intermediate 7-aminocephalosporanic acid with ≥98% conversion and 91–93% product yield.
Binding of C4b-binding protein to porin: A molecular mechanism of serum resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

We screened 29 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and found 16/21 strains that resisted killing by normal human serum and 0/8 serum sensitive strains that bound the complement regulator, C4b-binding protein (C4bp). Microbial surface-bound C4bp demonstrated cofactor activity. We constructed gonococcal strains with hybrid porin (Por) molecules derived from each of the major serogroups (Por1A and Por1B) of N. gonorrhoeae, and showed that the loop 1 of Por1A is required for C4bp binding. Por1B loops 5 and 7 of serum-resistant gonococci together formed a negatively charged C4bp-binding domain. C4bp-Por1B interactions were ionic in nature (inhibited by high salt or by heparin), whereas the C4bp-Por1A bond was hydrophobic. Only recombinant C4bp mutant molecules containing the NH2-terminal α-chain short consensus repeat (SCR1) bound to both Por1A and Por1B gonococci, suggesting that SCR1 contained Por binding sites. C4bp α-chain monomers did not bind gonococci, indicating that the polymeric form of C4bp was required for binding. Using fAb fragments against C4bp SCR1, C4bp binding to Por1A and Por1B strains was inhibited in a complement-dependent serum bactericidal assay. This resulted in complete killing of these otherwise fully serum resistant strains in only 10% normal serum, underscoring the importance of C4bp in mediating gonococcal serum resistance.
Multiscale concurrent topology optimization for cellular structures with multiple microstructures subjected to dynamic load

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Topology optimization is an effective tool to perform the structure-material integrated design of a lattice structure with multiple microstructures for improving its mechanical performances. This paper aims to propose the concurrent design method for the lattice structure at both macro- and micro-scales considering the connectivity between neighboring microstructures for the dynamic stiffness maximization problem. Firstly, the double Helmholtz smoothing and piecewise projection scheme is introduced to identify the spatial distribution of multiple microstructure blocks at macroscale. Then, we optimize the spatial distribution of various microstructures by ordered SIMP method following the effective mechanical properties obtained by homogenization method. Meanwhile, the different microstructural unit cells share the same topology description within their boundary regions to ensure the connectivity. Subsequently, we implement the sensitivity analysis by adjoint variable method based on the “discretize-then-differentiate” approach, such that the consistent sensitivities are obtained on the space-time discretized system. Finally, we formulate the dynamic compliance minimization problem under the constraint of material volume fractions, and present the multiscale concurrent topology optimization method for structures periodically filled with multiple microstructures. Numerical examples demonstrate that this approach has the potential to perform the concurrent microscopic design of multiple unit-cells and their macroscopic layout for improving the load-carrying capacity and ensuring the geometrical connectivity between neighboring unit-cells. This method offers a theoretical reference for design of highly loading porous structures.
The Comparability of Typographic and Substrate Variables in Legibility and Readability Research: An Integrative Review

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study focuses on the ability, or inability, to replicate or compare the design of text-related research from the perspective of the independent or dependent variables employed in such designs. Prior text-related research has used variables that were not clearly described or defined, could not be directly compared from one study or time period to the next, or were applied inappropriately. Measurements of typography-related and substrate-related variables may have absolute or relative values, and confusion can arise if the variables are not clearly identified and defined. The study is an integrative review with mixed methods research design investigating 44 books and two websites (part 1), and 83 journal articles and four theses/dissertations (part 2). The integrative review shows that the sources investigated present neither essential information on typographic and substrate characteristics nor consistent definitions of legibility and readability in order to allow comparable replication from one study to another. Findings are displayed in Chapter 4. Discussion and the related details are presented in Chapter 5.
The Virtue of Suffering, the Necessity of Discipline, and the Pursuit of Perfection in Hebrews

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In his thoroughgoing attempt to define asceticism, Richard Valantasis argues
that “every asceticism becomes a performance”; asceticism constitutes a
“highly complex performance genre.”1 Being an ascetic, however, is not a
part-time job, at least not in the Christian tradition-it is a way of living
one’s life. Indeed, it is a way of constructing one’s identity.2 By stressing that
the ascetic performs the regime that is his or her life, Valantasis highlights the
self-conscious intention with which the ascetic carries out the facets of that
life. Furthermore, in literate societies, the lives of exemplary ascetics are
memorialized in narratives not only for the purpose of entertainment and
admiration, but also for the purpose of mimesis, so that neophyte ascetics
can imitate the masters. Thus, asceticism is a highly scripted form of behavior.