jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic properties of nonreciprocal composite chiral-ferrite media

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The theoretical properties of a composite chiral-ferrite medium are developed, The composite is constructed from a general chiral medium and a nonreciprocal ferrite medium. Application of the reaction theorem allows proof of nonreciprocity based on the constitutive relationships. Vector Helmholtz E- and H-field equations are derived, and from these equations reciprocal space Green's function dyadics are found. The direct space dyadics are then determined. Characteristic dispersion equations are found from the sourceless vector phasor Helmholtz equations. E-field polarization is obtained by projecting the E-field vector onto the polarization plane selected. Diagonalization of the elliptic equation through coordinate rotation allows major and minor axis determination.< >
Synthesis of C18- and C20-Dihydrosphingosines, Ketodihydrosphingosines, and Ceramides by Microsomal Preparations from Mouse Brain

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Microsomal preparations from mouse brain were found to synthesize 3-ketodihydrosphingosine (2-amino-1-hydroxy-octadecan-3-one) from l-serine and palmitoyl coenzyme A. The reaction appeared to require pyridoxal phosphate but no metal ion. In the presence of TPNH the major sphingolipid product was dihydrosphingosine; smaller amounts of N-acyldihydrosphingosine and N-acylsphingosine were also found. The kinetics of utilization of 14C-palmitoyl-CoA indicated that accumulation of dihydrosphingosine was followed by acylation to form the ceramide. Sphingosine, which was not accumulated in detectable amounts, was apparently acylated much more rapidly. Stearoyl-CoA also reacted, producing the corresponding C20-sphingolipids, but oleoyl-CoA and lignoceroyl-CoA were inactive. At the optimal acyl-CoA concentration, stearoyl-CoA was less than half as effective as palmitoyl-CoA in the formation of ketodihydrosphingosine. The various labeled sphingolipids formed were separated by thin layer chromatography in several systems and identified by radioautography; acetyl and dinitrophenyl derivatives were also chromatographed. Of particular value was the use of borate-containing thin layer plates, which effectively separated fatty acyl sphingosine from fatty acyl dihydrosphingosine.
Role of normal stress in the creep dynamics and failure of a biopolymer gel

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the delayed rupture of biopolymer gels under a constant shear load by simultaneous dynamic light scattering and rheology measurements. We unveil the crucial role of normal stresses built up during gelation: all samples that eventually fracture self-weaken during the gelation process, as revealed by a partial relaxation of the normal stress concomitant to a burst of microscopic plastic rearrangements. Upon applying a shear stress, weakened gels exhibit in the creep regime distinctive signatures in their microscopic dynamics, which anticipate macroscopic fracture by up to thousands of seconds. The dynamics in fracturing gels are faster than those of non-fracturing gels and exhibit large spatio-temporal fluctuations. A spatially localized region with significant plasticity eventually nucleates, expands progressively, and finally invades the whole sample triggering macroscopic failure.
Practical TV ghost canceller using 2 stage CCD transversal filter.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

都市の建築物の高層化に伴い, 多発して来たテレビゴースト障害を自動的に除去するため, CCDトランスバーサルフィルタ方式ゴースト除去システムについて検討を行った.ゴーストを, いわば粗調と微調により除去する2段型トランスバーサルフィルタ方式の採用により, 18.5μsの広いゴースト除去範囲を実現するとともに, CMOS-CCD半導体デバイスの開発と回路の簡略化設計により, 主要回路を3個のLSIに集積した.また, 本ゴースト除去システムをフィールドにてテストし, 多くの場合, 0.5～1段階の画質改善があることを確認した.都市部の郊外においては, 特にロングゴーストに対しても, 2段型方式は有効であることが認められた.
Demagnetization of Unstable Remanent Magnetization by Application of Pressure

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ferromagnetic minerals with ‘stable’ and ‘unstable’ components of remanent magnetization were subjected to hydrostatic compressions of up to 10 kbar. It was observed that the ‘unstable’ remanence was completely demagnetized by the application of pressure while the ‘stable’ remanence remained almost unchanged. The result indicates the possibility of utilizing high pressures in magnetic cleaning.
GIS Based Spatial Modeling to Mapping and Estimation Relative Risk of Different Diseases Using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) Interpolation Algorithm and Evidential Belief Function (EBF) (Case study: Minor Part of Kirkuk City, Iraq)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The health of the individual is one of the most important indicators of good living and quality of life for the community. Therefore, the contribution of developing of public health sector management and monitoring of diseases related to the cultural, economic, and social progress of any society. Moreover, the diseases occur from spatial factors where the distribution and concentration differ in diverse positions. Hence, GIS can be used as a decision support system in order to help the mangers, assess and monitoring of various types of diseases. Thus, this research aims to define a spatial distribution, prediction of risks and analysis of disease hazard areas in Kirkuk city, north east of Iraq using two models evidential belief function (EBF) and Inverse distance weighting (IDW). IDW determines the correlation between conditioning factors and disease occurrence. Consequently, EBF can be used to assess the effect of each class of conditioning factors on diseases occurrence. The result shows that Al-Wasity quarter reports the highest range of the patients who have the blood diseases (D89-D50) in 2017. Contrary, the northern parts of the city and some quarters in the center of the city (Tessen, Bagdad road, Al-Mansor) reflect the lowest range of the patients in blood diseases. Eye diseases (H59-H00) and its accessories have the same spatial distribution. The result also demonstrated that the GIS based spatial techniques is provided a prospect to simplify and measure the epidemic state of different diseases within specific areas(minor part of Kirkuk city), and lay a base to pursue future surveys into the environmental factors responsible for the augmented disease threat.
Penetration depth of low-coherence enhanced backscattering photons in the sub-diffusion regime

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The mechanisms of photon propagation in random media in the diffusive multiple scattering regime have been previously studied using diffusion approximation. However, similar understanding in the low-order (sub-diffusion) scattering regime is not complete due to difficulties in tracking photons that undergo very few scatterings events. Recent developments in low-coherence enhanced backscattering (LEBS) overcome these difficulties and enable probing photons that travel very short distances and undergo only a few scattering events. In LEBS, enhanced backscattering is observed under illumination with spatial coherence length L_sc less than the scattering mean free path l_s. In order to understand the mechanisms of photon propagation in LEBS in the subdiffusion regime, it is imperative to develop analytical and numerical models that describe the statistical properties of photon trajectories. Here we derive the probability distribution of penetration depth of LEBS photons and report Monte Carlo numerical simulations to support our analytical results. Our results demonstrate that, surprisingly, the transport of photons that undergo low-order scattering events has only weak dependence on the optical properties of the medium (l_s and anisotropy factor g) and strong dependence on the spatial coherence length of illumination, L_sc, relative to those in the diffusion regime. More importantly, these low order scattering photons typically penetrate less than l_s into the medium due to low spatial coherence length of illumination and their penetration depth is proportional to the one-third power of the coherence volume (i.e. [l_s \pi L_sc^2 ]^1/3).
Evaluating Small Airways Disease in Asthma and COPD using the Forced Oscillation Technique and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Obstructive lung disease, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by heterogeneous ventilation. Unfortunately, the underlying structure-function relationships and the relationships between measurements of heterogeneity and patient quality-of-life in obstructive lung disease are not well understood. Hyperpolarized noble gas MRI is used to visualize and quantify ventilation distribution and the forced oscillation technique (FOT) applies a multi-frequency pressure oscillation at the mouth to measure respiratory impedance to airflow (including resistance and reactance). My objective was to use FOT, ventilation MRI and computational airway tree modeling to better understand ventilation heterogeneity in asthma and COPD. FOT-measured respiratory system impedance was correlated with MRI ventilation heterogeneity and both were related to quality-of-life in asthma and COPD. FOT-measurements and model-predictions of reactance and small-airways resistance were correlated in asthma and COPD respectively. This study is the first to demonstrate the relationships between FOT-measured impedance, MRI ventilation heterogeneity, and patient quality-of-life.
Agricultural advisors' role in the use of ICTs as a tool for a more sustainable Serbian agriculture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper was to show the role and importance of agricultural advisers in the development and implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in a path to the more sustainable agriculture, and achieving the SDG2 Zero Hunger of the UN 2030 Agenda. There are a lot of challenges in the efforts to develop so-called "hi-tech agriculture" and smart farming in the Republic of Serbia. This research is conducted on the territory of the Nisava district in three municipalities: Merošina, Gadžin Han and Niš. The obtained data were statistically processed and presented through tables and charts. Agricultural advisors play an important role in the digital literacy of agricultural producers on their pace to implement in practice principles of hi-tech agriculture. The most important is the funding of permanent education of advisers, as well agricultural producers to acquire the state of art knowledge and experience needed to become more competitive in the EU and global market.
Chiral Disorder and Diffusion of Light Quarks in the QCD Vacuum

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We give a pedagogical introduction to the concept that light quarks diffuse in the QCD vacuum following the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry. By analogy with disordered electrons in metals, we show that the diffusion constant for light quarks in QCD is $D=2F_π^2/|\la\bar{q}q\to|$ which is about 0.22 fm. We comment on the correspondence between the diffusive phase and the chiral phase as described by chiral perturbation theory, as well as the cross-over to the ergodic phase as described by random matrix theory. The cross-over is identified with the Thouless energy $E_c=D/\sqrt{V_4}$ which is the inverse diffusion time in an Euclidean four-volume $V_4$.
The Dilemma of Empiricist Belief

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter evaluates van Fraassen's rejection of naïve empiricism. For example a naïve empiricist holds that to be an empiricist is to believe some thesis E. Van Fraassen argues that the naïve empiricist faces a dilemma. Suppose the naïve empiricist holds that E is not open to debate: this violates the empiricist idea that disagreement with any admissible factual hypothesis is admissible. Suppose instead that the naïve empiricist holds that E is open to debate: this prevents the empiricist from using E to challenge metaphysical claims. It is argued that that van Fraassen's stance empiricism also faces this same dilemma. The empiricist can consistently maintain that the beliefs necessary to empiricism are subject to empirical confirmation/disconfirmation, while also using those beliefs as the basis of a critique of metaphysics.
Sertraline as a treatment option for temper outbursts in Prader–Willi syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by lack of the paternal copy of maternally imprinted, paternally expressed genes at the chromosome 15q11‐13 region. In most cases, it is caused by a paternal deletion or a maternal disomy of chromosome 15. Behavioral problems with temper outbursts are common and often combined with physical aggressiveness and self‐injury. They are the most frequent cause for a reduced quality of life in adulthood and represent a serious challenge for the individual and those surrounding the individual in everyday life. Until now, no promising pharmaceutical treatment option has been established, and only a few case reports on treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been reported. In this case series, we investigated the effect of the SSRI sertraline in 14 individuals with PWS frequently showing severe temper outbursts with aggressiveness and self‐injuries. After 6 months of treatment with sertraline, 13 of 14 patients (92.6%) either no longer displayed temper outbursts or showed a significant decrease in frequency and severity of temper outbursts. In one case, treatment was stopped due to severe sleep abnormalities. We conclude that sertraline is a promising and safe treatment option for severe temper outbursts in patients with PWS.
Cerebral toxoplasmosis in a cat with feline leukemia and feline infectious peritonitis viral infections.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A diarrheic young cat died after neurological involvement. Biochemistry pointed to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The final diagnosis was severe multifocal meningoencephalitis due to Toxoplasma gondii. The presence of the parasite in the brain was confirmed using immunohistochemical staining. Concomitant feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and FIP were possible contributors to the clinical, fatal outcome.
Left Finger Movement Shows Strong Activation of the Sensorimotor and Supplementary Motor Areas at an Early Onset of Negative Slope, as Analyzed by a Dipole Tracing Method

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In this study, we tested the movement-related potential of self-paced tapping movements adding a factor of difficulty, which involved tapping the right and left middle finger simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to detect dipole locations during the negative slope to motor potential different levels of task difficulty, analyzed with high time resolution using a dipole tracing method. Subjects performed the following three tasks in randomized order : tapping the right middle finger and then the left middle finger immediately after movement of the right middle finger, the vice versa task, and tapping both the right and left middle fingers simultaneously. Left finger execution showed strong activation of the pre-supplementary motor area at an early onset of negative slope, even in the right-left sequence finger movement and the simultaneous right and left finger movements. Our study suggests that left finger movement in simple and difficult tasks strongly activates the contralateral sensorimotor area, and attention to the movement could be related to activation of the pre-supplementary motor area.
99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT and 18F-FDG-PET/CT have similar performance but different imaging patterns in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose 18 F-fluorodeoxiglucose ( 18 F-FDG)-PET/CT has been widely used to evaluate multiple myeloma. 99m Tc-sestamibi (MIBI) scintigraphy has also been proposed for assessing multiple myeloma, but its use with state-of-the-art single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) technology has not been fully evaluated.This study aimed to compare these two imaging modalities in multiple myeloma staging. Materials and methods Sixty-two patients with recently diagnosed multiple myeloma were submitted to whole-body 18 F-FDG-PET/CT and whole-body MIBI scans plus SPECT/CT of the chest and abdomen/pelvis. Number of focal lesions, contiguous soft tissue involvement (CSTI), extramedullary lesions (EMLs) and diffuse bone marrow (BM) involvement were recorded. Results PET/CT was positive in 59 patients (95%) and MIBI SPECT/CT in 58 (93%) ( P = 0.69). MIBI detected more diffuse bone marrow involvement than PET/CT (respectively 78 vs. 58% of the patients), while PET/CT demonstrated more focal lesions than MIBI SPECT/CT (81 vs. 54% of the patients) ( P = 0.002). PET/CT detected EMLs in four subjects and MIBI in one subject. CSTI was found in 28 (45%) and 23 (37%) patients on PET/CT and MIBI images, respectively ( P = 0.36). Three patients with lytic lesions and no FDG uptake were MIBI positive, and two subjects with lytic lesions without MIBI uptake were FDG positive. Conclusion MIBI SPECT/CT performs similarly to 18 F-FDG-PET/CT in identifying sites of active disease in multiple myeloma staging. MIBI is more efficient than FDG for detecting the diffuse involvement of bone marrow but less efficient for detecting focal lesions. Some patients presented a ‘mismatch’ pattern of FDG/MIBI uptake.
Spatial Variation of Parameters Describing Soil Surface Roughness

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Soil surface roughness, the configuration of the soil surface, affects infiltration, runoff velocities, erosion, and plant establishment and growth. One difficult aspect of studying surface roughness is that parameters describing roughness vary spatially. Eight roughness parameters were identified as possible indices of soil surface roughness. They were maximum peak height, maximum depression depth, peak frequency, the ratio of peak frequency to peak height, microrelief index (the area per unit transect length between the measured surface profile and the least‐squares regression line through the measured elevations of the transect), the ratio of microrelief index to peak height, the ratio of microrelief index to peak frequency, and lastly the product of the microrelief index and peak frequency (the MIF parameter). The objective of the study was to determine the spatial variation of the eight indices using a semivariogram analysis. An automated, noncontact profiler was used to obtain surface profiles along transects 5 cm apart of 1‐m by 1‐m plots after a cultivation and a simulated rainfall application at each of three different stages of soybean [ Glycine max (L.)] development. For each cultivation, surface profiles were obtained on bare plots before rainfall and on adjacent vegetated plots after rainfall. None of the eight indices commonly showed spatial dependence. When a roughness parameter was spatially dependent, however, its semivariogram usually was spherical, linear with a nugget constant, or exhibited a hole effect. Across all plots on which they were found to be spatially dependent, the indices exhibited zones of influence averaging from 15 to 20 cm.
An Optimization Model for Exercise Scheduling

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper gives an optimization model for a special type of exercise session, circuit training. Circuit training involves a series of exercises performed in rotation with minimal rest. The goal of our model is to minimize the total circuit time while accomplishing a number of training goals. Our primary model is a linear integer program; additional constraints are added for muscle group and intensity requirements. The model is implemented and tested on algebraic modeling language AMPL. Our computational results show that the model can return an exercise schedule for a typical real-life data set within a few seconds.
The Heaven-Earth Cosmic Faith and the Universality of Confucian Ethics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The ritual practice of making sacrificial offerings to Heaven and Earth, named respectively Jiao and She, existed in the Western Zhou period. In classical Chinese culture, Heaven and Earth were paired and named “father” and “mother” of humanity and all things. This points to the “this-worldly” nature — vis à vis “other-worldly” nature—of the highest deity in Chinese faith, who existed in a “continuity of being” with humans on the Earth. “Heaven and Earth are parents of all creatures, and of those, Man is the most highly accomplished.” Such a notion synthesizes the cosmic law of nature and human centric ethics, creating a unity of nature and human society through “oneness of virtue.” The Confucian tenets proposing that human nature is innately good, and the need for the pursuit of moral self-cultivation, are fundamental to the ideology. More importantly, so too are such universal virtues as “being lovingly disposed to people in general, and kind to all creatures and things,” and the affirmation that “all people (are) brothers and sisters of oneself; all creatures and living things one’s equals,” as well as “all under Heaven (is) one family, and the nation, one person.”
The Influence of Race on the Relationship Among Perceived Exercise Behavior and Various Exercise Associated Psychological Factors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

2059 PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of race on the relationship among social physique anxiety, self-presentation protection, physical self-efficacy, and perceived exercise behavior among college students. METHODS: A convenience sample of undergraduate students (n = 328, age 18–30 yrs) from three medium-sized midwestern universities completed the Self-Presentation in Exercise Questionnaire (SPEQ), Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS), Physical Self-Efficacy Scale (PSES), and a Minnesota Heart Health Program Physical Activity Questionnaire. Participants included 130 Caucasians (39.6%), 130 African-Americans (39.6%), 35 Hispanic Americans (10.7%), and 33 Asian Americans (10.1%). Data were partitioned by racial group and correlations between each of the variables were calculated. RESULTS: Analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in correlations of exercise behavior with SPAS between African Americans (r = −.24) and Caucasians (r = .17), with perceived physical ability between African Americans (r = .50) and Caucasians (r = .08), and with physical self-presentational confidence between African Americans (r = .29) and Caucasians (r = −.07). A 4 × 5 (race × psychological factor) MANOVA and follow-up univariate analyses indicated that Hispanic Americans were significantly different from African Americans and Caucasians for impression motivation and that African Americans were significantly different from Asian Americans and Caucasians for SPA and PSPC, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that race may play a pivotal role in determining the exercise frequency, duration, and intensity of different racial groups.
Selective CO oxidation over Fe 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (OH) 5 supported Pt catalyst: Kinetic and mechanistic studies

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Iron hydroxyphosphate as support for Pt catalysts is explored for preferential oxidation of CO using simulated reformate gas mixture in the temperature range 40-240 °C. The CO oxidation activity and selectivity at low reaction temperatures are enhanced on addition of H2O but decrease at high temperatures due to the reverse water gas shift reaction. X-ray diffraction patterns of the supported and unsupported catalysts show very weak diffraction lines due to the Fe5(PO4)3(OH)5 phase. The chemical composition of this phase on the catalyst surface has been confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results.