jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) purchase patterns and STI occurrence among Israeli men: A cohort analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

HIV Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is the regular use of antiretroviral medication by people who are not infected with HIV to prevent seroconversion. Israel approved PrEP for continuous use in 2017, and Israeli Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) offered PrEP with a copayment to eligible members.

Methodology

This retrospective cohort study included all people who were dispensed PrEP between September 2017 to June 2019 in the second largest HMO in Israel. Statistical analysis, including Kaplan Meier, was conducted to evaluate user PrEP purchase, adherence to medical follow-up, and clinical outcomes.

Results

In total, a cohort of 757 PrEP users were followed for 657.8 person-years. All but one user were male; median age was 35 years. At baseline, 0.8% had gonorrhea and 1.5% had chlamydia infections and 4.4% had recent syphilis infection. Continuous use of PrEP (without interruption/discontinuation) was observed in 29.9%, while 39.9% interrupted and 30.3% discontinued use. Median time to first interruption/discontinuation was 4.0 months. At 6–12 months after initiation, 79.8% of users had a documented HIV test, 77.3% a Chlamydia-Gonorrhea panel, and 78.9% a creatinine test. There was one new case of HIV among the cohort, five months after PrEP discontinuation. Estimated first-year infection rates were 5.0%, 8.6% and 6.8% for gonorrhea, chlamydia and first-time syphilis, respectively.

Conclusions

This study shows heterogeneous PrEP purchase patterns and required medical follow-up, and an increase in STIs among consistent PrEP users. Improving adherence to recommended medical follow-up during PrEP use is essential in PrEP’s integration into Israel’s national HIV prevention strategy.
Secondary osteon population densities: An algorithm for estimating the missing osteons

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A given number of secondary osteons—an osteon population—reflects two kinds of direct influences: the length of time during which new osteons were being created and the mean annual number of such creations. While in principle dividing an observed osteon population by the age of the background bone would provide the mean annual creations, as the number of secondary osteons increases in a given diaphyseal cross section, new ones can begin to remove all microscopic evidence of older ones. As a result increasing numbers of observed osteons tend to become progressively smaller fractions of all osteons created in that domain. This algorithm suggests a way to estimate the total osteon creations from an observed osteon population. It begins by normalizing an observed osteon population to a decimal fraction of its corresponding maximum possible value. Entering that result in a simple equation then provides an estimate of the corresponding total osteon creations. Dividing the total osteon creations in a bone domain by the latter's mean age then provides the number of new osteons being created annually, averaged over the lifetime of the bone in which the creations occurred. This annual creation is influenced by many pathophysiologic factors of interest in skeletal (including anthropological and paleontological) research, including local and systemic disease, nutrition, sex, age, species, physical activity, trauma, drugs, and toxic agents.
Implications of Security Market Data for Models of Dynamic Economies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The authors show how to use security market data to restrict the admissible region for means and standard deviations of intertemporal marginal rates of substitution of consumers. Their approach (1) is nonparametric and applies to a rich class of models of dynamic economics; (2) characterizes the duality between the mean-standard deviation frontier for intertemporal marginal rates of substitution and the familiar mean-standard deviation frontier for asset returns; and (3) exploits the restriction that intertemporal marginal rates of substitution are positive random variables. The region provides a convenient summary of the sense in which asset market data are anomalous from the vantage point of intertemporal asset pricing theory. Copyright 1991 by University of Chicago Press.
Investigation of Organizational Agility Perceptions of Business People in a Low-Income Province

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to examine the perception levels of the business people operating in a low income province in Turkey regarding the organizational agility of the business for which they work and whether they differ in terms of some demographic variables.Yozgat, which is one of a low-income province, is chosen for sampling.In this research, which is designed as single survey model, one of the quantitative research models, organizational agility scale was applied to business people working in different sectors.As a result of the analysis of the data obtained from 224 business people, it was found that the organizational agility perceptions towards the organizations of the business people and the competency, flexibility and responsiveness subscales scores forming the scale were high and the quickness subscale score was very high.In addition, the organizational agility perceptions of business people towards their organizations were examined in terms of different demographic variables.
Self-coloring of polymeric materials without coating/painting

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Structural coloration is a natural consequence of interactions between microscopically structured surface and visible light. The objective of this experiment is to achieve submicron wavelength of 0.5-1 µm atop polymer. By obtaining the submicron wavelength, structural coloration would be visible. There is a total of 4 sample material selected in this experiment. The materials are Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), PolyCarbonate (PC), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polyurethane (PU). PMMA and PC are first cut into a dog bone shaped sample, ASTM D638. PC and ABS are in a filament form. A Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) scan was conducted on the material to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg). Next, the materials are heated to its glass transition temperature (Tg) for tensile loading. The stretched material samples are then cut into smaller pieces. After which, the smaller samples are then exposed to acetone vapor for surface etching and finally reheated well above the glass transition temperature (Tg) for surface recovery to achieve the targeted submicron wavelength of 0.5-1 µm. The final analysis is conducted by analysing the sample’s 3D surface topography and its 2D Surface Profile using PLµ Confocal Image Profiler. Parameters that may affect the wavelength of the wrinkle includes the material selection, surface etching method and the selection solvent. These parameters can be further studied and researched upon to better achieve the submicron wavelength atop polymer for structural coloration.
Restriction Cutting Independent Method for Cloning Genomic DNA Segments Outside the Boundaries of Known Sequences

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We present a simple method for cloning genomic DNA segments outside the boundaries of known sequences, which is not dependent on restriction cutting or mapping. In the first step of the method, a library of single-stranded flanking sequences is generated by linear amplification with one primer in the known region. A homooligomeric cytosine tail is added to each of the single-stranded fragments by a terminal transferase catalyzed reaction. The tailed fragments are then amplified by PCR with a nested primer in the known region and a poly-guanine primer complementary to the cytosine tail in the unknown region. Finally, the different fragments are separated by cloning and characterized by sequencing. The method was used to clone both the upstream (5') and the downstream (3') genomic regions of an intron-interrupted tRNA(Leu)(UAA) gene from three cyanobacteria belonging to the genus Microcystis.
Inter-Schools Collaboration and Information Management System: A Case of KISII County Secondary Schools, Kenya

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Inter-Schools Collaboration and Information Management System are technologies that support Knowledge Management (KM) in organizations, specifically -knowledge generation, codification, and transfer.The use of KM in organizations is now widely recognized and expected to be an important part of organizational practices.The study focused on establishing an Inter-Schools Collaboration and Information Management System that captures various aspects of school operations for Kisii County secondary schools.A KM system was designed, tested and implemented.The key areas of the Inter-Schools Collaboration and Information Management System that arose from the analysis done include; academics, student admissions, accounts, examinations and sports that encompass the bulk of the information critical for Inter-Schools Collaboration and Information Management System for school management.The researcher employed UML (unified Modeling language) in presenting the Inter-Schools Collaboration and Information Management System at the design stage.The results of the design phase were translated into program Codes using PHP, javascript, HTML, MySql and the wamp server as the implementation environment.The study provided platform that has made it easier, faster, and cheaper to access schools data from the same access point for many secondary schools in Kisii County.
Subtraction Descriptors in Machine Learning for Optimizing the Cocatalyst Effect of Cobalt Phosphate on Hematite Photoanodes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the quest for sustainable energy solutions, the optimization of the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of hematite photoanodes through cocatalysts represents a promising avenue. This study introduces a novel machine learning approach, leveraging subtraction descriptors, to isolate and quantify the specific effects of cobalt phosphate (Co-Pi) as a cocatalyst on hematite's PEC performance. By integrating data from various analytical techniques, including photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, with advanced machine learning models, we successfully predicted the PEC performance enhancement attributed to Co-Pi. The Gaussian process regression (GPR) model emerged as the most effective, revealing the critical influence of the interfacial resistance, bulk resistance, and interfacial capacitance on the PEC performance. These findings underscore the potential of cocatalysts in improving charge separation and extending charge carrier lifetimes, thereby boosting the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions. This study not only advances our understanding of the cocatalyst effect in photocatalytic systems but also demonstrates the power of machine learning in modifying complex materials and guiding the development of optimized photocatalytic materials. The implications of this research extend beyond hematite photoanodes, offering a generalizable framework for enhancing the photoelectrochemical properties of a wide range of material modifications such as cocatalyst deposition, doping, and passivation.
Recycling in Singapore.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the context of consumption saturated societies, recycling is gradually seen as a sustainable solution to this social phenomenon. Geographically determined with limited land area, Singapore is vulnerable to possible environmental hazards, one of which is exceed municipal waste. Positioned itself as a regional economic hub, waste overspill has been taken seriously be the local government as a high risk environmental threat. Despite ardent recycling effects through the National Recycling Program, amount of general waste continue to rise annual. In this study, a sociological imaging is undertaken in evaluating some of the constraining and contributing factors towards recycling practices in Singapore.
A novel kinetic approach to crystallization mechanisms in polymers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Kinetics of polymer crystallization is capable of modeling the polymer crystallization processes by revealing their mechanisms. Although complexities of polymer crystallization processes are familiar, a generalized approach for their kinetic modeling has not yet been suggested. This paper presents a concise review of the pre‐existing kinetic approaches to polymer crystallization, including their pros and cons, putting a special emphasis on the necessity of approaches to polymer crystallization. A systematic and advanced approach comprising an innovative kinetic framework to model polymer crystallization processes is put forward using Hoffman‐Lauritzen theory. Kinetic functions are developed for predicting the crystallization mechanisms of simple as well as complicated polymer crystallization processes. The suggested kinetic approach is experimentally justified by its effective applications to non‐isothermal glass and melt crystallization of poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate). An account of the soundness of the proposed kinetic approach and its prospective applications are also discussed.
Rotating mirror device for nonresonant laser Raman difference spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A novel sample switching device for laser Raman difference spectroscopy (LRDS) has been designed for use with nonresonant samples. The device utilizes a single motor driven rotating mirror, fabricated by diamond turning techniques, which switches both exciting and scattered light 60 times per second. Electronic timing signals are obtained to gate photon counting pulses into separate scalers. The use of fixed capillary sample cells allows for the first time in LRDS the examination of fibers, single crystals, and liquid samples of 10-μl volume and improved access to samples for thermostating, etc. Alignment of the optics is described. Proper operation of the system is illustrated by examination of pyridine and pyridine-d5. Comparing spectra of the neat liquids and a mixture of them gives examples of a frequency shift of &lt;1 cm−1, a width change, and other bands with no changes. Advantages, limitations, and future extensions of the instrument are described.
Adrienne Lehrer and Eva Feder Kittay (eds): Frames, Fields, and Contrasts; New essays in semantic and lexical organization

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Preview this article: Adrienne Lehrer and Eva Feder Kittay (eds): Frames, Fields, and Contrasts; New essays in semantic and lexical organization, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/pc.1.2.08sov-1.gif
Improving measured health-related quality of life with outpatient high-dose methotrexate regimen among oncology patients with intracranial metastases: A systematic assessment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intracranial metastases including leptomeningeal disease are not uncommon in patients with metastatic solid tumor cancers, such as breast and sarcoma. Treatment options are limited with disease progression on standard-of-care therapies, and high-dose Methotrexate (MTX) is offered for patients with well-preserved performance status. However, standard high-dose MTX treatment entails a lengthy hospitalization and close monitoring which can limit Quality of Life (QoL) for patients who already have multiple provider visits. The impact of high-dose MTX on patients’ daily lives has not yet been qualitatively examined. As a quality improvement project, our team designed an outpatient high-dose protocol for patients who tolerated at least one cycle of inpatient high-dose MTX, and herein we describe the protocol and a quality survey with patients’ feedback. The purpose of this study is to explore and compare the influence of high-dose MTX treatments in two different settings – inpatient and ambulatory – on patients’ QoL. Second, we aim to identify recurrent themes defining patients’ perceived QoL and healthcare experiences. This study identified key QoL impacts that high-dose MTX treatments have on metastatic breast and sarcoma patients. Patients experienced decreased health-related burdens and improved social and psychosocial well-being associated with high-dose MTX treatment compared to standard inpatient treatment. This study provides an opportunity to identify recurrent thematic domains defining QoL in women with metastatic breast cancer.
Can preoperative ultrasound predict extrathyroidal extension of differentiated thyroid cancer?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The presence of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) is generally considered as an indication for total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer. The accuracy of neck ultrasound for the diagnosis of ETE is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative ultrasound evaluation of ETE. Methods The retrospective and observational study of consecutive patients operated between 2016 and 2019 for cytologically suspicious or indeterminate thyroid nodules were analyzed. US images obtained preoperatively were retrospectively reviewed to identify signs of minimal or gross ETE. Histology was considered as the golden standard for diagnosis of ETE. The sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), and accuracy of US were evaluated. Results A cohort of 305 patients (75% females, median age 48 years) with 378 nodules (median size 18 mm) was studied. Seventy-five percent of the nodules ( n = 228) were malignant on histology and ETE was present in 106 cases (28%): 83 minimal ETE and 23 gross ETE. Suspicion of minimal ETE on preoperative ultrasound was found in 50 (13%) with a sensitivity of 30%, a specificity of 93%, a PPV of 62% and an NPV of 78%, with an accuracy of 76%. Gross ETE on ultrasound was found in 19 (5%) nodules with a sensitivity of 78%, a specificity of 99.7% a PPV of 94.7% an NPV of 98.6% and an accuracy of 98%. Conclusions Preoperative US is very specific and accurate in diagnosing gross ETE which impacts the extent of initial surgery for thyroid cancers.
The Analysis of the Test Features of the Fiber Optic Sensor Technique

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The development of the fiber optic sensor has become the pioneer of the development of some edges measurement technique. The technique of the fiber optic sensor is the application in moving. Experiments show that by making use of the fiber op(?)c sensor for moving,and being with the method of Induction First Melt,we can immediately measure the micron class to move,and may also be used for measurement of the further distance.At the same time, it can proceed the optics measurement to surface appearance.
How Golden was the Age of the Renaissance in Jewish Historiography?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is more or less a commonplace that XVIe siecle est un point culminant de l'historiographie juive. In formulating this statement in one of his earlier essays, 1 Salo W. Baron was probably influenced by the views on historical writing which were current in the first decades of this century (those of Fueter, Barnes, and so on). Indeed, the statement seems to stem from the belief that the Middle Ages did not produce any real historiography, and that Jewish writings during this period were quite naturally to be considered as reflecting this general condition. Baron himself stated this view clearly in the next sentence: Apres les grandes productions de l'antiquite, le moyen-age juif-pas plus d'ailleurs que le moyenage chroftien [my italics] n'avait connu aucune oeuvre historique dans le veritable sens du terme. Oddly enough, however, in the revised English translation of the same essay, as it appeared thirty-five years later,2 the words italicized above had disappeared. Why did Baron remove the terminus comparationis? Was this simply an unintentional omission, or should we rather infer that in Baron's later historical outlook, the comparison with the Christian Middle Ages appeared irrelevant to the exposition of the Jewish case? If so, why did he not remove the entire introductory section, which sets out to show that medieval Jewry indeed failed to bring forth any major historical work in the true sense of that term? Should we infer that in Baron's revised view, medieval Christianity did produce some major historical works, while medieval Jewry did not? The pertinence of these questions to the subject of the present enquiry is not immediately obvious. At first glance, it may seem that a study of Jewish historiography in the Renaissance and Baroque periods3 need not concern itself with the medieval antecedents of the genre. Indeed, no fewer than ten substantial Jewish works of history were composed during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Work Motivation of Czech Mothers with Children under Three Years of Age

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article addresses the issue of the relationship of parenthood, employment and economic inactivity of childcare holders. It focuses on the mother's motivation to work in the context of Czech social policy measures. The aim is to empirically verify the willingness of women, taking care of children under three years old, to return to work. The decision of mothers, about their participation the labour market, is analysed by indicator "Effective cost of return to work" and by using sensitivity analysis. Negative net fi nancial effect of return to work was identifi ed for all studied regions and types of workloads. These results demonstrate clearly that mothers, entering the labour market, are confronted with very high additional costs. These costs would not be covered by their employment income and other received benefi ts. Estimated amount of potential wage, which would encourage women to return to work, reach in some cases up to four times the median wage of women in the particular region.
Association between 3D Geometry of Vertebrobasilar Arteries and Basilar Artery Atherosclerosis: An MRI Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Geometry of VBA has been proved to be associated with the presence of BA plaques, yet relative studies are lack of 3D information due to methodological difficulties. We proposed a semi-automated algorithm for quantitative measurement, which can evaluate local diameter, local curvature and angles between vessels directly in 3D space. We used the proposed algorithm to measure the 3D geometric metrics and found significant association between VBA geometry and the presence of BA plaques. Normalized diameter variation of BA and BA & PCA-R angle projected to lateral view were also associated with the presence of BA plaques independently.