jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The role of spatial planning in strengthening human settlement resilience to nature-induced disasters in Chimanimani District, Zimbabwe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The effectiveness of spatial planning in guiding human settlements has come under scrutiny with the increasing occurrence and severity of climate-induced disasters. This study interrogates the role of spatial planning in promoting resilient settlements in growth points and rural service centres, often overlooked in favour of towns and large cities. Our study adopted mixed methods research and collected quantitative data from 1,161 households from the eight wards most affected by Cyclone Idai in Chimanimani District. We also collected qualitative data from key informants from Chimanimani District and the national government institutions. Findings show that the Chimanimani Rural District Council and the District Coordinator’s office have institutional, technical, and capacity gaps to mobilise actors and guide spatial planning for resilient settlement in response to climate change-induced disasters. The district institutions are stifled by the direct planning and implementation of projects by the national government which bypasses and duplicates local efforts. The rigid spatial planning standards, the flouting of planning guidelines, the parcelling of land by the traditional leadership, and political interference contribute to poor district spatial planning for resilient human settlements. This study recommends an integrated development planning approach that coordinates stakeholders to develop resilient infrastructure for guiding sustainable human settlements.
Burmadryinus Olmi & Xu & Guglielmino 2014, gen. nov.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Burmadryinus gen. nov. Type species. Burmadryinus cenomanianus sp. nov., present designation. Diagnosis. Male (Fig. 2). As for the subfamily (see above). Female. Unknown. Etymology. Burmadryinus is a compound noun formed from Burma (the former name of Myanmar, where Burmese amber is collected) and Dryinus (type genus of the family Dryinidae); gender is masculine. Distribution. Only known from Burmese amber.
Anxious to Perform: Compositional Effects of Negative Task-Related Emotions in Teams

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We investigated how team composition, in terms of members’ emotions about the team tasks ahead, predicts performance on these team tasks. In 45 student teams, a higher average level of anxiety and happiness, but not anger, about the team assignments predicted higher team grades 6 weeks later. We explored potential mediating team processes. These findings contribute to the literature on team affect, which has so far struggled to identify benefits of negative affect in teams: task-related anxiety is linked to better performance of real-world teams. This highlights the importance of studying compositional effects of individual affective states in teams.
Queer as Folk: Producing the Real of Urban Space

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper is about the construction of space and place in the urban imaginary. It draws on multidisciplinary empirical research—on Violence, Sexuality and Space—conducted in a place that was simultaneously represented in one of the most controversial programmes ever to be screened on British television— Queer as Folk. As the television programme intervened in the responses from the interviews and focus groups, we begin, through an exploration of spatial referents and characterisation, to explore the `authentic' underpinning for the queer imaginary. We examine the sexual politics of place and space as a politics of verisimilitude, affectivity and political claims-making.
PBI Pre - Service Students’ Understanding Toward The Indonesian Recent Curricula

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present research was conducted to discuss PBI pre-service students’ understanding toward the Indonesian recent curricula. It was aimed to get two purposes from the research objectives. The Study attempted to invertigate about PBI pre-service students’ understanding of the implementation of the Indonesian recent curricula And the difficulties which were faced by them in applying Indonesian recent curricula. To fulfill the purpose of the research, the researcher employed a qualitative method. The participants of this research were 10 PBI pre-service students which were chosen purposively. The data were obtained through the interview and documentation. The findings of this research revealed that almost PBI pre-service students understood the theory of 2013 curriculum and its implementation and only few of them had the difficulties in understanding it. In addition, to support the data of the interview, the researcher analyzed lesson plans which were made by PBI pre-service students during the pre-service program. The results of the document analysis showed that some of the student still made did not follow the format fro the government, especially in designing learning activity.
Ectopic Thyroid Tissue in the Submandibular Region Presenting with Signs of Thyroiditis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tiroid dokusu boyun orta hatta foramen caecumla sternal çentiğe kadar farklı seviyelerde lokalize ola bilmekte. Tiroid embriyogenez sırasında özofagus, mediasten, kalp, aort, sürrenal, pankreas, mesane ve cilde yer-leşerek ektopik hale gelebilmekte. Çok nadir de olsa bez lateral boyun submandibular bölgede gözlene bilmekte. Ektopik tiroid dokusu normal tiroid gibi inflamasyon, hiperplazi ve tümörogenez paterni taşımakta. Kli-nik şikayetler lokalizasyona bağlı gelişmekte. Bu yüzden bu türden pato-lojiler submandibular kitlelerin ayırıcı tanısına girmekte. Bu çalışmada 30 sene önce tiroidektomi geçirmiş ve sol submandibular bölgede ektopik tiroid dokusu ile baş vuran hastayı sunmayı planladık. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ektopik tiroid, boyun kitlesi, tiroidit Thyroid tissue may be localized at various levels in the midline of the neck in the region between the foramen ceacum and the sternal notch. Thyroid tissue can also be found in remote structures that were associated with the thyroid anlage during development. Thyroid tissue is rarely detected in the the lateral neck, such as in the submandibular region. Ectopic thy-roid tissue may be subject to the same pathological processes as normal eutopic thyroid tissue, including inflammation, hyperplasia, and tumo-rigenesis. We present a case of ectopic thyroid tissue located in the left submandibular region in a patient that underwent total thyroidectomy 30 years previously. Key Words: Ectopic thyroid, neck mass, thyroiditis
Informal education, everyday life and tacit learning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article proposes a review of the concept of informal education, connecting it with the contexts of activity and learning that occur in everyday life, and the kinds of issues to explain that they do not appear clearly in formal education. These include, among others, predispositions to behave in social situations, forms and types of decisions, membership and participation in communities, development of personal identity.
It has been done a bibliographic and conceptual research, especially of authors who have explored ways of learning little considered in theory of education, as well as associated implicit, tacit learning concepts, and the idea of contexts of learning. As a result, it is proposed a new classification of the forms of informal education, as well as the advantages and problems associated with an approach based on learning contexts.
Kisspeptin-10 Modulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of the Rhesus Monkey Derived Stem Cell Line: R366.4

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The rhesus monkey embryonic stem cell line R366.4 has been identified to differentiate into a number of cell types. However, it has not been well characterized for its response to drugs affecting reproductive endocrinology. Kisspeptins (KPs) are ligands for the GPR‐54, which is known to modulate reproductive function. The current study was designed to determine the effect of the KP‐10 peptide on R366.4 cells and to investigate the role of KP‐GPR54 in the cell proliferation process. Four different doses (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 nM) of KP‐10 and control were selected to evaluate cell growth parameters and cellular morphological changes over a 72 hr period. The cells were treated with kisspeptin‐10 during the early rosette stage. Proliferation rates, analyzed by flow cytometry and cell count methods, were found to be decreased after treatment. Moreover, the number of rosettes was found to decrease following KP‐10 treatments. Morphological changes consisting of neuronal projections were also witnessed. This suggested that KP‐10 had an antiproliferative effect on R366.4 cells leading to a differentiation state and morphological changes consistent with neuronal stem cell development. The R366.4 stem cell line differentiates based on kisspeptin signaling and may be used to investigate reproductive cell endocrinology in vitro .
Klasterisasi Desa dengan Menggunakan Algoritma K-Means pada Data Potensi Desa

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Developing Village Index (Indeks Desa Membangun) is a composite index compiled based on three indices, namely the Social Resilience Index, the Economic Resilience Index and the Village Ecological Index. Based on the Developing Village Index, there are 5 classifications of villages, namely Independent Villages, Developed Villages, Developing Villages, Underdeveloped Villages, and Very Underdeveloped Villages. In line with that, the Central Statistics Agency also issued a Village Development Index (Indeks Pembangunan Desa) to show the classification of the village. This study aims to determine village clustering using the K-Means Algorithm on the 2020 Village Potential (Podes) data, especially on the economic dimension. K-Means is a non-hierarchical data clustering method that can partition data into two or more groups. The number of clusters is determined based on the number of The Developing Village Index statuses, which are 5 clusters. The results of 6 iterations of calculations using the K-Means algorithm show that cluster 1 is grouped into the status of Very Underdeveloped Villages as many as 8 Villages. Then in cluster 2 it is grouped as Underdeveloped Villages as many as 3 Villages. Furthermore, in cluster 3, it is grouped as Developing Villages as many as 83,987 Villages. In cluster 4, they are grouped as Developed Villages as many as 24 Villages. Then in cluster 5 it is grouped as Independent Villages as many as 16 Villages
Econophysics: still fringe after 30 years?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

It is customary to date the initial foray of physicists into economics to the September 1987 Santa Fe conference on “Economics as a complex evolving system", organised by two famous physicists (Phil Anderson & David Pines) and one famous economist (Ken Arrow). When confronted with the theories of Rational Expectations and Efficient Markets, then at the peak of their glory, Phil Anderson famously quipped: Do you guys really believe that? Many inspiring and insightful ideas were discussed during that conference [1], suggesting a potentially productive cross-fertilisation between economics and the (back then) nascent theory of complex systems.
Gut Microbiome Changes in Patients With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: The gut microbiome is a complex system within the human gastrointestinal tract. The bacteria play a significant role in human health, and some can promote inflammation and pathologic processes through chemical interactions or metabolites. Gut microbiome dysbiosis has been linked to some neurological and other diseases. Here we aimed to examine microbiome differences between patients with a progressive neurological disorder, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), compared with healthy controls (CO). Methods: We recruited 37 neurologically healthy CO and 10 patients with shunted iNPH. We evaluated these participants’ cognition using the CERAD-NB test battery and CDR test, and collected a variety of information, including about dietary habits and health. We also collected fecal samples, which were subjected to 16S amplicon sequencing to analyze differences in gut microbiome composition. Results: We found that the iNPH group exhibited significantly different abundances of 10 bacterial genera compared with the CO group. The Escherichia/Shigella and Anaeromassilibacillus genera were most remarkably increased. Other increased genera were Butyrivibrio , Duncaniella , and an unidentified genus. The decreased genera were Agathobaculum , Paramuribaculum , Catenibacterium , and 2 unidentified genera. Conclusions: Here we report the first identified microbiome differences in iNPH patients compared with healthy controls.
Stellarangia namibensis (Teloschistaceae) out of the Namib Desert

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

During lichenological fieldwork along the coast of the Atlantic Sahara, Morocco, we collected some remarkably long lobed “Caloplaca” specimens, which turned out to be Stellarangia namibensis. This is the first record of this species in the northern hemisphere, and represents a significant extension of the known range of a lichen previously thought to be endemic to the Namib Desert.
Actual problems of certification of workplaces

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Certification of workplaces, carried out by some departments for quite a long time, initially solved a very wide range of tasks. In the course of it, as a rule, the compliance of workplaces with the modern scientific and technical level (progressiveness of the applied process, technical condition of the equipment used, technological equipment of workplaces, etc.), organizational and aesthetic levels (compliance of the area of ​​the workplace with the norms of technological design, aesthetic requirements, the use of progressive forms of labor organization, etc.), the proper state of working conditions and safety precautions (the degree of compliance of workplaces with the requirements of regulatory documentation on sanitary and hygienic conditions, the availability of personal and collective protective equipment, etc.). In some departments, when attesting workplaces, the possibility of increasing labor productivity, improving the quality of manufactured products and reducing its cost is determined. If the workplace for any of the above group indicators cannot be certified, then a decision is made how to rationalize it or eliminate it altogether. The ultimate goal of certification is to determine the types of benefits and compensations for employees working in adverse and difficult conditions (increasing wage rates, establishing a shorter working day, free delivery of milk or therapeutic and preventive nutrition, preferential pensions, etc.).
Public Acceptance of Biogas Plants - What Do We Know, Which Knowledge is Needed?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present contribution addresses the public acceptance of biogas plants from an environmental­psychological perspective. It provides an overview of the results of five years of research in several research projects. Parts of the population perceive biogas plants due to smell nuisance and an increasing local traffic volume to be a physical, mental and aesthetical burden and thus feel severely limited in their quality of life. In addition, changes in agriculture such as an increase of monocultures and genetic engineering are main arguments in the current controversy. On the other hand, some communities show a high interest in biogas and even apply for becoming a ‘bio energy region’. Regarding the research results, a strong connection between the regional benefit and a reported public acceptance towards the biogas plants became evident. Another important acceptance factor is the degree to which people feel being affected personally in terms of negative impacts. Furthermore, the consideration of procedural justice criteria during the planning and installation process such as transparency, early and accurate information as well as possibilities to participate were important influencing factors in all regions. In this context, it became evident that peoples’ knowledge is rather low about administrative planning and licensing procedures.
Re‐conceptualising Prenatal Life Stressors in Predicting Post‐partum Depression: Cumulative‐, Specific‐, and Domain‐specific Approaches to Calculating Risk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Prenatal life stress predicts post‐partum depression ( PPD ); however, studies generally examine individual stressors (a specific approach) or the summation of such exposure (a cumulative approach) and their associations with PPD . Such approaches may oversimplify prenatal life stress as a risk factor for PPD . We evaluated approaches in assessing prenatal life stress as a predictor of PPD diagnosis, including a domain‐specific approach that captures cumulative life stress while accounting for stress across different life stress domains: financial, relational, and physical health. Methods The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a population‐based survey, was used to analyse the association of prenatal life stressors with PPD diagnoses among 3566 N ew Y ork City post‐partum women. Results Specific stressors were not associated with PPD diagnosis after controlling for sociodemographic variables. Exposure to a greater number of stressors was associated with PPD diagnosis, even after adjusting for both sociodemographic variables and specific stressors [odds ratio ( OR ) = 3.1, 95% confidence interval ( CI ) = 1.5, 6.7]. Individuals reporting a moderate‐to‐high number of financial problems along with a moderate‐to‐high number of physical problems were at greater odds of PPD ( OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.2, 15.3); those with a moderate‐to‐high number of problems in all three domains were at over fivefold increased odds of PPD ( OR = 5.5, CI = 1.1, 28.5). Conclusions In assessing prenatal stress, clinicians should consider the extent to which stressors occur across different life domains; this association appears stronger with PPD diagnosis than simple assessments of individual stressors, which typically overestimate risk or cumulative exposures.
Who Voted for Whom? Comparing Supporters of Obama and McCain on Value Types and Personality Traits

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the personalities and values of O bama and M cCain supporters in the 2008 election. A total of 278 A merican participants completed the B ig F ive I nventory and the P ortrait V alues Q uestionnaire along with demographic items. For value types, O bama supporters were more likely to endorse universalism values and less likely to endorse tradition , conformity , and security values compared with M cCain supporters. With regard to personality traits, O bama supporters scored higher on agreeableness and lower on conscientiousness than did M cCain supporters. As predicted, logistic regression revealed that values were better predictors of voting preference than were personality traits. These findings demonstrate the importance of individual differences in political preferences and are discussed with regard to findings in other cultures.
Cosmic equilibration: A holographic no-hair theorem from the generalized second law

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In a wide class of cosmological models, a positive cosmological constant drives cosmological evolution toward an asymptotically de Sitter phase. Here we connect this behavior to the increase of entropy over time, based on the idea that de Sitter spacetime is a maximum-entropy state. We prove a cosmic no-hair theorem for Robertson-Walker and Bianchi I spacetimes that admit a Q-screen (“quantum” holographic screen) with certain entropic properties: If generalized entropy, in the sense of the cosmological version of the generalized second law conjectured by Bousso and Engelhardt, increases up to a finite maximum value along the screen, then the spacetime is asymptotically de Sitter in the future. Moreover, the limiting value of generalized entropy coincides with the de Sitter horizon entropy. We do not use the Einstein field equations in our proof, nor do we assume the existence of a positive cosmological constant. As such, asymptotic relaxation to a de Sitter phase can, in a precise sense, be thought of as cosmological equilibration.
Tracking Serendipitous Interactions: How Individual Cultures Shape the\n Office

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In many work environments, serendipitous interactions between members of\ndifferent groups may lead to enhanced productivity, collaboration and knowledge\ndissemination. Two factors that may have an influence on such interactions are\ncultural differences between individuals in highly multicultural workplaces,\nand the layout and physical spaces of the workplace itself. In this work, we\ninvestigate how these two factors may facilitate or hinder inter-group\ninteractions in the workplace. We analyze traces collected using wearable\nelectronic badges to capture face-to-face interactions and mobility patterns of\nemployees in a research laboratory in the UK. We observe that those who\ninteract with people of different roles tend to come from collectivist cultures\nthat value relationships and where people tend to be comfortable with social\nhierarchies, and that some locations in particular are more likely to host\nserendipitous interactions, knowledge that could be used by organizations to\nenhance communication and productivity.\n
Study of support vector machine and its improved algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Support vector machine(SVM) is based on the theory of structure risk minimization(SRM),it rea-(lizes) the trade-off between empirical risk minimization(ERM) and generalization capability.It is more and more widely used in the classification field due to its good performance.The principle of SVM is described,and its improved algorithms are summarized here.At the same time,the relationship and difference among them are discussed,which provides reference for the best model selection in practical applications.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Food Analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

"Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Food Analysis, a volume in the Food Analysis and Properties Series, explains how the novel use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) will be an ideal complementary approach. MALDI-MSI is a two-dimensional MALDI-MS technology that can detect compounds in a tissue section without extraction, purification, separation, or labeling. It can be used to visualize the spatial distribution of biomolecules in foods."
COMPARISON OF MOLECULAR-GENETIC TECHNIQUES, HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR CONTROL OF ERADICATION OF НELICOBACTER PYLORI -INFECTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Helicobacter pylori detection after its eradication by polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical, morphological methods have been studied, the sensitivity and specificity of the methods have been determined. Treatment effectiveness should be monitored by PCR, which has high sensitivity (84 %) and specificity (100 %), simplicity and low cost compared with other methods described in this article.