jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary structure and function analysis in systemic sclerosis : clinical assessment of complicating interstitial lung disease and pulmonary vasculopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In SSc, we evaluated the optimal percentile density score in SSc by quantitative CT densitometry, against pulmonary function. Lung volumes and the nth percentile density (between 1 and 99%) of the entire lungs were calculated from CT histograms. The nth percentile density is defined as the threshold value of densities expressed in Hounsfield units. A prerequisite for an optimal percentage was its correlation with baseline DLCO% predicted. Regression analysis for the relation between DLCO% predicted and the nth percentile density was optimal at 85% (Perc85). There was significant agreement between Perc85 and DLCO %predicted and FVC% predicted. Of interest, two patients showed a marked change in Perc85 over a two year period, but the localisation of change differed clearly. We conclude that we identified Perc85 as optimal lung density parameter, which correlated significantly with DLCO and FVC, confirming a lung parenchymal structure-function relation in SSc. This provides support for future studies to determine whether structural changes do precede lung function decline.
Effects of irradiation on preservation and physiological-biochemical index of Brassica oleracea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Treated with 60Co-γ irradiation at 0.5kGy, 1.5kGy and 2.5kGy, respectively, Brassica oleracea packed with 0.08mm polythene plastic was stored at 12-21℃. The results showed that 2.5kGy irradiation gave the best result for preservation and Brassica oleracea kept fresh after 7-day storage while the control all turned yellow and lost commercial value. The physiological-biochemical change of Brassia oleracea treated with 2.5kGy irradiation was also analyzed. Results were as follows: the contents of Methionine(Met), ethylene production and respiratory intensity decreased by 72.23%, 72.41% and 71.95%, respectively; the contents of chlorophyll, anthocyania, Vit C, reducing sugar and protein had no much change compared to those of the controls. 7 days after irradiation treatment, the contents of Met, ethylene production and respiratory intensity increased to the levels as before and the contents of chlorophyll, anthocyania, Vit C, reducing sugar and protein were higher than those of the controls.
[Effect of feeding pelleted feed on the level of volatile fatty acids in the digestive tract of sheep].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In an experiment with wethers we investigated the effect of complete pelleted feed ration on the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and intestinal tract. The animals consumed daily 1,300 g of dry matter of a diet which contained 41.81% of meadow hay, 25.28% of barley, 15.37% of sawdust, 14.98% of molasses, 1.32% of urea and 1.24% of a vitamin-mineral supplement for a period of six months. The pelleted diet increased the total amount of volatile fatty acids, the content of propionic acid and especially the content of butyric acid. There appeared a decrease in the ratio of acetate: propionate. On the basis of the greater energy efficiency of the volatile fatty acid production the animals fed pelleted feed showed a better energy balance. A higher VFA concentration was determined also in the large intestine and the cecum, which proves the importance of fermentation porcesses in these organs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycine‐Selective α‐Carbon‐Nitrogen Bond Cleavage of Dipeptides by Nickel Peroxide.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal. APG 22897

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal.
Common name(s): Medics
Other names: EXSA 16341
Conserved by: Australian Pastures Genebank of the South Australian Research and Development Institute (APG), Australia
Local sample unique identifier: APG 22897
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1985-11-01
Other identifiers: n/a,EXSA 16341, n/a,MJM 7933, n/a,SA 22897, n/a,ALP 1.2
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Included
A Study on Uniform Heating of Solid Foods and High Viscosity Foods by Microwave Heating

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, an microwave oven for disinfectant one application has been modeled by FDTD-HTE Method and reserched uniform heating of solution model simulated solid food and high viscosity food. We suggest two technique for uniform heating. First one is that water film is arranged around the food for reducing local heating of edge heating. Second one is that food is heated by using both steam and microwave. As a result, 2mm water film lower temperature of high temperature part in the food efficiently, by using uniform heating technique using water film. And we confirmed that 33% of uneven heating is improved. Moreover, we confirmed that steam heated edge of food and microwave heated center of food, and food is gone to about 60 degrees centigrade through uniform technique using both Steam and microwave.
Transformation Toughening in Zirconia‐Containing Ceramics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The recognition of the potential for enhanced fracture toughness that can be derived from controlled, stress‐activated tetragonal ( t ) to monoclinic ( m ) transformation in ZrO 2 ‐based ceramics ushered in a new era in the development of the mechanical properties of engineering ceramics and provided a major impetus for broader‐ranging research into the toughening mechanisms available to enhance the fracture properties of brittle‐matrix materials. ZrO 2 ‐based systems have remained a major focal point for research as developments in understanding of the crystallography of the t → m transformation have led to more‐complete descriptions of the origins of transformation toughening and definition of the features required of a transformation‐toughening system. In parallel, there have been significant advances in the design and control of microstructure required to optimize mechanical properties in materials developed commercially. This review concentrates on the science of the t → m transformation in ZrO 2 and its application in the modeling of transformation‐toughening behavior, while also summarizing the microstructural control needed to use the benefits in ZrO 2 ‐toughened ceramics.
State-of-the-art review of geosynthetic clay liners

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

An important component of modern landfills is the liner system for the prevention of leachate contamination of surrounding ground. Among landfill liner systems, geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) has gained widespread popularity across the world because of its lower hydraulic conductivity as well as its ability to self-heal local damage, which is almost unavoidable in the field. Over the past few decades, numerous studies have been conducted to examine the performance of GCLs, particularly in regard to hydraulic conductivity, chemical compatibility, water-swelling, self-healing capacity, diffusion characteristics, gas migration, and mechanical behavior. In this paper, a brief introduction on modern GCL products is firstly given. Subsequently, the main findings of previous publications on the critical properties influencing the long-term performance of GCLs are summarized in a comprehensive manner. Finally, further research perspectives on polymer-treated GCLs are presented. This paper provides general insights that help readers gain a state-of-the-art overview of GCLs and trends for future development.
Pd/C Catalyzed Oxidation of Secondary Benzylic Alcohols using Chlorobenzene under an Inert Condition

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This research was supported by BasicScience Research Program through the National ResearchFoundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry ofEducation, Science and Technology (2010-0028217). M. L.appreciated the financial support from the Korean Ministryof Education through the second stage of the BK21 projectfor the Hanyang University graduate program, and alsoacknowledged the Seoul Metropolitan Government forSeoul Science Fellowship.
Data File S2 from Dose and Schedule Determine Distinct Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Efficacy of the p53–MDM2 Inhibitor HDM201

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Median of the shRNAs and RSA values. File containing median counts and log fold changes of each gene from Supplementary Data File S1. According significance values of each gene as activator or sensitizer compared to DMSO control (see Methods) are included.</p>
Timing for Male Reproductive Tract Gene Expression and Gonopore Complex Development of Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mono-sex culture of giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) gives more benefits than mixed-sex culture because of high market demand for male prawns. Unfortunately, sex differentiation in crustaceans could not obviously be observed in their early larval stage. Therefore, sex segregation or sex reversal techniques need to be developed and timing for sex differentiation in M. rosenbergii during larval development needs to be examined. In this study, three genes related to male reproductive hormone (IAG, MRR and MAL) were isolated and amplified from terminal ampulae (TA) of adult male M. rosenbergii. The male specific transcripts demonstrated that they could be used to monitor sex differentiation time during larval development. Observation of male transcripts expression together with macro and microscopic pictures of phenotypic characters, the appendix masculina (AP) and the gonopore complex (GP), during larval and juvenile development demonstrated that the sex differentiation process of male freshwater prawns began when the larvae were 2 months old or after complete metamorphosis. Moreover, this is the first report on SEM depicting an ultra-valve like structure on gonopore complex surface during sex development of male prawn.
CD8+ T-cells of CLL-bearing mice acquire a transcriptional program of T-cell activation and exhaustion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with an accumulation of oligoclonal CD8+ effector T-cells, which control leukemia progression in mice, but gradually acquire a dysfunctional phenotype along with disease progression. Exhaustion of CD8+ T-cells is characterized by increased expression of inhibitory receptors like PD-1, decreased proliferation, and reduced effector function such as cytokine production, which reduces anti-tumor control. Despite the accumulation of exhausted PD-1+ CD8+ T-cells in secondary lymphoid organs of CLL patients, immune checkpoint blockade as a means to reinvigorate anti-tumor T-cell activity has not shown the expected efficacy. This highlights the need for a better understanding of T-cell exhaustion in CLL. Here, we uncover the transcriptional program of T-cell exhaustion in CLL by comparing naïve with dysfunctional effector CD8+ T-cells with high PD-1 expression from mice after adoptive transfer of Eµ-TCL1 leukemic cells. Our data provide clear evidence for activation-induced dysfunction of CD8+ T-cells in the CLL microenvironment and assess the heterogeneity in the expression of functionally relevant proteins in specific clusters of CD8+ T-cells at a single-cell level.
THE AMARNA LETTERS FROM PALESTINE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1915 the publication of all then available Amarna Tablets, begun by J. A. Knudtzon in 1907, was completed. Since then another seven important tablets belonging to the original find have been published. About 150 of the letters either are written directly from or to Palestine, or are so immediately concerned with Palestinian affairs that they fall within the scope of this chapter. During the two centuries of Egyptian occupation of Palestine since the conquest under Amosis and Amenophis I, its political organization had become more or less normalized. Certain princes exercised acknowledged feudal rights over other weaker chieftains; for example, Tagu was the immediate suzerain of the chief of Gath (Jett) in Sharon. The population of Palestine in the Amarna age was small; it was mostly concentrated on the coastal plains and the adjacent low hills, the plain of Esdraelon and the Jordan valley.
Incorporation of Wave Pipelined Techniques into Composite S-Box and AES Architectures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Advanced Encryption Standard is one of the most successful techniques used in various security applications. The AES technique is known to provide reliable security standards, which is why it is preferred over many other methods. The AES architecture consists of S-Box, Shift-Rows, Mix-Columns and Add Round key. Improving the S-Box structure using pipelining improves the speed of operations along with the security. The main aim of this research study is to design a modified composite S-Box for low area, power and high Speed with high security for application in AES process. In this study, we propose a WPT in S-Box also controlling the registers with a clock-gate structure, to further reduce the operational delay and obtain high security. The modified S-Box is then included in the AES architecture with an additional modification on the overall AES architecture by introducing the WPT in every round of AES operation. This is not only improves the speed of operation and also it provides high security compared to many existing techniques along with the area and power reduction. Simulations have been performed in the ModelSim6.3c and Synthesis is carried out using Xilinx10.1.
Improved survival and complete response rates in patients with advanced melanoma treated with concurrent ipilimumab and radiotherapy versus ipilimumab alone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is a growing body of evidence supporting the synergistic roles of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in the treatment of malignancy. Published case studies of the abscopal effect have been reported with the use of ipilimumab and radiotherapy in metastatic melanoma, but evidence supporting the routine use of this combination of therapy is limited. We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate patients treated with ipilimumab for advanced melanoma at a single institution from May 2011 to June 2015. Patients were grouped into those who had received concurrent radiotherapy while on ipilimumab (Ipi-RT), and those who did not. We then evaluated the treatment response following completion of ipilimumab. A total of 101 patients received ipilimumab in the prespecified time frame. 70 received Ipi-RT and 31 received ipilimumab without concurrent radiotherapy. Median overall survival (OS) was significantly increased in the concurrent Ipi-RT arm at 19 months vs. 10 months for ipilimumab alone (p = 0.01). Median progression free survival (PFS) was marginally increased in the Ipi-RT group compare with the ipilimumab alone group (5 months vs. 3 months, p = 0.20). Rates of complete response (CR) were significantly increased in the Ipi-RT group vs. ipilimumab alone (25.7% vs. 6.5%; p = 0.04), and rates of overall response (OR) in the groups were 37.1% vs. 19.4% (p = 0.11). No increase in toxicities was observed in the Ipi-RT group compare with ipilimumab alone. Prospective trials are needed to further clarify the role of radiotherapy with ipilimumab, but these encouraging preliminary observations suggest that this combination can induce more durable responses to immunotherapy.
Inertial Automorphisms of an Abelian Group

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An automorphisms \gamma of a group is inertial if X\cap X^\gamma has finite index in both X and X^\gamma for any subgroup X . We study inertial automorphisms of abelian groups and give characterization of them. In particular, if the group is periodic they have property that X^{\langle\gamma\rangle}/X_{\langle\gamma\rangle} is bounded. We also study finitely generated groups of inertial automorphisms.
Conclusion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Some historians suggest that Johnson misjudged the political environment in the sense that the conservative threat was illusory and no right-wing monster lurked at his door. Yet the evidence demonstrates two things quite clearly. First, whether the danger was real or imagined, Johnson's fear of the backlash was palpable. Former administration officials such as George Ball and Francis Bator recall that Johnson feared the “Great Beast” of the Right more than any anxiety about pressure on the Left. The US experience in Vietnam also makes clear that foreign policy exerts a tremendous influence on elections in the United States. It has long been an axiom of American politics that national security affairs and foreign policy do not play a significant role in deciding elections; scores of academic studies have argued that economic issues far outweigh international ones in terms of voter interest and decisive influence on voting patterns.
Evidence for current recommendations concerning the management of foot health for people with chronic long‐term conditions: a systematic review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Research focusing on management of foot health has become more evident over the past decade, especially related to chronic conditions such as diabetes. The level of methodological rigour across this body of work however is varied and outputs do not appear to have been developed or translated into clinical practice. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the latest guidelines, standards of care and current recommendations relative to people with chronic conditions to ascertain the level of supporting evidence concerning the management of foot health. Methods A systematic search of electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Web of Science, SCOPUS and The Cochrane Library) for literature on recommendations for foot health management for people with chronic conditions was performed between 2000 and 2016 using predefined criteria. Data from the included publications was synthesised via template analysis, employing a thematic organisation and structure. The methodological quality of all included publications was appraised using the Appraisal for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. A more in‐depth analysis was carried out that specifically considered the levels of evidence that underpinned the strength of their recommendations concerning management of foot health. Results The data collected revealed 166 publications in which the majority (102) were guidelines, standards of care or recommendations related to the treatment and management of diabetes. We noted a trend towards a systematic year on year increase in guidelines standards of care or recommendations related to the treatment and management of long term conditions other than diabetes over the past decade. The most common recommendation is for preventive care or assessments (e.g. vascular tests), followed by clinical interventions such as foot orthoses, foot ulcer care and foot health education. Methodological quality was spread across the range of AGREE II scores with 62 publications falling into the category of high quality (scores 6–7). The number of publications providing a recommendation in the context of a narrative but without an indication of the strength or quality of the underlying evidence was high (79 out of 166). Conclusions It is clear that evidence needs to be accelerated and in place to support the future of the Podiatry workforce. Whilst high level evidence for podiatry is currently low in quantity, the methodological quality is growing. Where levels of evidence have been given in in high quality guidelines, standards of care or recommendations, they also tend to be strong‐moderate quality such that further strategically prioritised research, if performed, is likely to have an important impact in the field.
The protein interactome of collapsin response mediator protein‐2 (CRMP2/DPYSL2) reveals novel partner proteins in brain tissue

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Purpose Collapsin response mediator protein‐2 (CRMP2) is a CNS protein involved in neuronal development, axonal and neuronal growth, cell migration, and protein trafficking. Recent studies have linked perturbations in CRMP2 function to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, neuropathic pain, and Batten disease, and to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Like most proteins, CRMP2 functions though interactions with a molecular network of proteins and other molecules. Experimental design Here, we have attempted to identify additional proteins of the CRMP2 interactome to provide further leads about its roles in neurological functions. We used a combined co‐immunoprecipitation and shotgun proteomic approach in order to identify CRMP2 protein partners. Results We identified 78 CRMP2 protein partners not previously reported in public protein interaction databases. These were involved in seven biological processes, which included cell signaling, growth, metabolism, trafficking, and immune function, according to Gene Ontology classifications. Furthermore, 32 different molecular functions were found to be associated with these proteins, such as RNA binding, ribosomal functions, transporter activity, receptor activity, serine/threonine phosphatase activity, cell adhesion, cytoskeletal protein binding and catalytic activity. In silico pathway interactome construction revealed a highly connected network with the most overrepresented functions corresponding to semaphorin interactions, along with axon guidance and WNT5A signaling. Conclusions and clinical relevance Taken together, these findings suggest that the CRMP2 pathway is critical for regulating neuronal and synaptic architecture. Further studies along these lines might uncover novel biomarkers and drug targets for use in drug discovery.
Sedimentología y estratigrafía de alta resolución del subgrupo río Neuquén (Cretácico Superior) departamento confluencia, provincia de Neuquén, Argentina

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Upper Cretaceous exposid in the northeastern part of the Neuquén Basin, southeast of Neuquén, Argentina. Río Neuquén Subgroup of continental origin, has been divided into two incomplete stratigraphic sequence units (SI y SII) on the basis of lithofacies assemblages and architectural elements. Parts of the succession (Portezuelo Formation SI) formed in northeasward-draining low and high sinuosity fluvial systems. Those are analyzed in detail in terms of macroformscale and stratigraphic-level architecture to assess fluvial styles and the evolution of non-marine depositional environments. Lateral and oblique accretion is a significant process of deposition in high-energy systems with mixed load. The overbank deposits dominate the floodplain stratigraphy; they contribute more than 45% of floodplain sediments. The Plottier Formation (SII) was accumulated from a low sinuosity perennial system with well developed deposits of alluvial plain with flood events. The unit was accumulated on topographic slopes dipping from west-southwest to east-northeast. The alluvial architecture and stacking patterns in the Río Neuquén Subgroup were controlled by a combination of allogenic factors, most significantly tectonics followed by climate. The Upper Cretaceous succession in the Andean foreland basin, deposited in a backbulge zone, consists of tectonically-driven cycles comprising two components: strata deposited in an underfilled basin (Portezuelo Formation, AA-SI) and strata deposited in an overfilled basin lacking evidence of a forebulge (Plottier Formation, BA-SII).