jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Geological mapping in the Sussex area (Cobar region, New South Wales) highlights Ordovician to Early Devonian tectonics and mineral prospectivity

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Recent mapping by the Geological Survey of New South Wales in the Cobar district has led to an improved understanding of the Ordovician and Siluro-Devonian rocks. Mapping to date has been undertaken in the Sussex area, centred approximately 50km northeast of Cobar. The Ordovician Girilambone Group turbidite package has been subdivided, on the basis of lithological associations and conodont assemblages in cherts, into a separate Early Ordovician package and a Middle to Late Ordovician package. The depositional relationship between these two packages is not clear but an unconformity cannot be ruled out. The mapping has also confirmed the existence of slivers of Siluro-Devonian Cobar Supergroup rocks within the Sussex area. These occur both unconformably upon and in fault contact with the Girilambone Group. The lithological associations within the slivers are identical, suggesting that the sequence was once a more extensive sheet across the area. The existence of Cobar Supergroup rocks in the Sussex area increases its prospectivity for Cobar-style Au-Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposits. Reconnaissance inspections of areas north of the Sussex area suggest that rocks previously mapped as Ordovician may in fact be Cobar Supergroup equivalents, in turn increasing that area’s prospectivity.
Some studies on peptide analogues involving the sulphinamide group

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The title compounds are of interest as possible transition state inhibitors of peptidases. A route to N(alkylsulphinyl)amino acids is described. A method for generating α-benzamidosulphinamides is reported; a general route to such systems failed owing to the difficulty of removing the protecting group and the apparent instability of α-amino sulphinamides. A crystal structure on the N-phthalimido-protected α-sulphinamide 16a showed the tetrahedral disposition of substituents around the sulphur atom and the deviation from planarity about the sulphinamide nitrogen atom.
Identification of Nuclear Localization Signal Sequence of PNRC1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To identify nuclear localization signal sequence (NLS) of proline-rich nuclear receptor coregulator protein 1 (PNRC1), vectors expressing green fluorescence protein(GFP)-tagged PNRC1 and GFP-tagged PNRC1 mutant with the putative NLS(aa 94-101, PKKRRKKK) deletion were generated then transfected into mammalian cells. The subcellular localization of PNRC1 and putative NLS deleted PNRC1 were examined by confocal microscope. In addition, recombinants expressing GFP-tagged putative NLS and GFP-tagged cytoplasm protein fused to putative NLS were constructsed, the subcellular localization of these NLS fusion proteins were examined in the transfected cells accordingly. The results demonstrated the native PNRC1 localized to the nucleus as expected, whereas the PNRC1 mutant with the putative NLS deletion primarily localized in the cytoplasm. The putative NLS of PNRC1 was found to be able to drive GFP and other cytoplasm protein into nucleus when it was fused to these proteins. We conclude that the putative NLS within PNRC1 indeed has a potent activity to mediate protein nuclear transportation.
Influences of COVID-19 pandemic on hospital-at-home functions in Finland – a questionnaire survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To investigate functions of Finnish hospital-at-home (HAH) during the first year of COVID19-pandemic 2020 compared with the previous year 2019. Retrospective questionnaire survey. Finnish HAHs from Northern, Eastern, Southern, Western and Central parts of Finland participated in a questionnaire web-based questionnaire survey. The numbers of patients, activities and staff in 2019 and 2020, participation in the care of COVID19 patients, availability of protective clothing, attitudes of patients towards home care and development of new practices in the corona era were asked using both predefined and free questions. questionnaire was sent to the nurses and physicians in charge of the HAHs (N = 13), 77% responded. The HAHs provided services to a total of 1,196,783 inhabitants in their municipalities. There were no significant changes in the numbers of patients, staff or activities between the years 2019 and 2020. Although nurses did viral tests, COVID19 patients were cared only in 40% of HAHs. Protective clothing was well available. New instructions for infection management were created. The COVID-19 pandemic did not largely influence the functions of the examined Finnish HAHs in 2020. Most activities and patients’ characteristics remained unchanged from 2019. The role of HAHs should be further developed in Scandinavian countries, particularly during pandemics.Key PointsHospital-at-home (HAH) is a cost-effective model to provide hospital-like services.Data about the role of HAHs during COVID19 pandemics is lacking in the Nordic countries.This study shows that, the large Finnish municipal HAHs have been not influenced by pandemics. Hospital-at-home (HAH) is a cost-effective model to provide hospital-like services. Data about the role of HAHs during COVID19 pandemics is lacking in the Nordic countries. This study shows that, the large Finnish municipal HAHs have been not influenced by pandemics.
Recent Research on the Megilloth (Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Until recently, study of the Megilloth as a coherent canonical grouping has been minimal. On the whole, the lateness and fluidity of the collection within the Jewish canon has negated its value for biblical scholars, who have long preferred texts and categories thought to be ‘early’ or ‘original’. The state of the field has begun to shift, however, as scholars are giving more attention to connections between individual books of the Megilloth and the coherence of the collection as a whole. This new interest coincides with the growing recognition among scholars that the later (re)uses of a biblical text are constitutive of its interpretation; thus the lateness of the Megilloth (if the collection really is late) does not preclude interpretation but shapes it. Recent studies in the Megilloth as a coherent collection include canon-historical approaches, which trace the formation of the Megilloth within the Jewish canon; intertextual approaches, which focus on allusions to earlier biblical traditions and on literary connections within the five scrolls; and theological approaches, which adopt a synchronic method that puts the Megilloth in dialogue with contemporary theological discourse.
287 Perceptions of Scientist and Community Members Regarding the Social Responsibility of Translational Science.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Translational Science includes the social responsibility to improve health outcomes and reduce disparities. This study aims to determine how scientists and community members perceive the social responsibility of translational science. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Methods include a series of 12 one-hour semi-structured focus groups. Six groups were held with a total of 34 scientists and four with approximately 32 community members (community focus groups still ongoing). Sample includes scientists and community members affiliated to one of three research fields: HIV/AIDS, Maternal Health, and Mental Health/Substance Use. Inclusion criteria for scientists were based on their scholarly contributions to a field. Community members included individuals who self-identified as affiliated to any above fields. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we analyzed the transcripts against existing frameworks on social responsibility. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Literature on social responsibility suggests that translational science should be relevant, usable and sustainable for end-users. Scientists and community members identified the same groups for whom research is relevant. Scientists often conceptualized social responsibility through the sustainability lens, focusing on results that might have long-term societal impacts. Due to this, they saw limitations to social responsibility in academia and funding structures. Community members often conceptualized social responsibility through the usability lens, focusing on the complexity of research use and access. They saw barriers to social responsibility in systemic disparities. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Although participants emphasized different practices in focus groups, participants seemed generally interested in pursuing future discussions to develop best practices and commitments regarding social responsibility. Further discussions will take place in a deliberative dialogue activity in January 2024.
Fast analysis of multiple exposure speckle data to provide relative blood flow maps using convolutional neural networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging is a well-established technique able to produce relative blood flow maps contactless and without using dyes. It relies on the statistical analysis of dynamic speckle images, observed when a coherent light is used to illuminate a medium that contains moving scatterers. The local speckle contrast is related to the movements of the scatterers. Multiple exposure speckle imaging (MESI) is a variant of the technique that takes advantage of multiple exposure data to retrieve more quantitative flow maps by accounting for the unwanted and superimposed contribution of static scatterers. Yet, in MESI, a model is adjusted pixelwise to the experimental data requiring long computation times and an a priori guess on the flow regimes. These issues hindered so far, the translation of MESI to clinical applications though some studies have already demonstrated its potential. Here we propose an alternative method based on Convolutional Neural Networks to analyze MESI data. The proposed CNN architecture has been trained and validated using experimental data acquired on calibrated microfluidics flow phantoms. Then, the trained network was applied to analyze MESI data acquired in vivo in mice brain. In addition to be model-bias-free, we have found that the CNN approach infers flow maps much faster than the classical pixelwise regression approach. This new approach is promising for the clinical translation of MESI.
Extended Self and Possessions in the Workplace

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study of the meanings of possessions displayed in the offices of employees in a high technology firm suggests extensions to the concept of extended self. Work self and home self contend for dominance in these displays. Employees must decide which aspects of the self belong to the domain of work and which belong elsewhere. In these ongoing negotiations self may be extended, but it may also be retracted and hidden. Furthermore, although possessions can serve to stabilize the self, they also facilitate shifting among various self-aspects in response to workplace events. We explicate these processes and discuss implications for extended self theory. (c) 2005 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc..
Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) of apple and almond trees in regions of western and south-western Iran

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Eight phytoseiid species belonging to three genera were collected in apple and almond orchards from the Provinces of Hamedan, Kurdistan and Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari, in western and south-western Iran. Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) bagdasarjani Wainstein and Arutunjan, 1967 was the most abundant species, being collected from both plant species in the three provinces.
Budgetry response to scarcity: The cases of new york and cleveland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Resource scarcity in the public sector is getting to be more of the rule than the exception as government entities are buffeted by the twin shocks of tax resistance and economic downturns. The environment of scarcity is a relatively new phenomenon, a reversal,of the conditions in the sixties when many of the seminal budgetary studies were conducted. The issue of whether or not conclusions about budgeting reached in an environment of growth can be applied to a period of scarcity needs to be explored. Evidence in this study indicates that budgetary behavior in New York and Cleveland was related to the abundance or scarcity of resources. This suggests that accepted models of budgeting such as incrementalism are less relevant to today's era of scarcity than to the previous era of growth when the model was developed.
Cheese and Its Relation to Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cheese and Its Relation to Disease F. W. Fabian CopyRight*Presented before the Laboratory Section of the American Public Health Association at the Seventy-fourth Annual Meeting in Cleveland, Ohio, November 13, 1946. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.37.8.987 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Experimental characterization of group and phase delays induced by bending and twisting in multi-core fibers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The local variations of group and phase propagation delays induced by bending and twisting a coupled core three-core fiber are experimentally characterized, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, along the fiber length, with millimeter-scale spatial resolution. The measurements are performed by means of spectral correlation analysis on the fiber’s Rayleigh backscattered signal, enabling for a distributed measurement of the perturbation effects along the fiber length. A mathematical model validating the experimental results is also reported.
Geographical distribution of Phacellaria Benth.(Santalaceae) and its hosts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Based on the geographical distribution of the species of Phacellaria and their host plants in the world,the possible time,site and migration of origin of Phacellaria were speculated. The host plants of Phacellaria mainly belong to Loranthaceae. Plants of Phacellaria and their hosts were mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical area. Plants of Phacellaria maybe originated in tropical area in the south of China before Tertiary. Their ancestors were parasitic on ancestors of some plants of Loranthaceae by chance during Tertiary. It took them millions of years to form a sturdy relationship between parasites and hosts.
Study of the prevalence and risk factors of the parasite (Helminthes and Protozoa) amongst labors in Al Ain district

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

United Arab Emirates is a multicultural country and approximately 65% of the population are expatriates from low- and middle-income developing countries that have a high burden of intestinal parasitic infections (IPI). Aim: The primary aim is to estimate the prevalence of, and factors associated with IPI in an occupational sample of expatriates in Al-Ain. Methodology: This study utilized an observational analytical cross- sectional study and recruited a representative sample of expatriate employees. Participants completed a questionnaire; and provided a fresh stool sample. Fecal specimens were analyzed for a range of IPI species using microscopy, Ziehl???Neelsen stain and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Results: 25% of participants harbored intestinal parasites; 15% with protozoa, while 10% had helminths infection according to microscopy diagnosis. Higher incidents of protozoa and helminths infection were identified using PCR. Conclusion: IPI can be found in more than quarter of the survey population and this conclusion shed a light on the importance of this study in understanding the pattern of IPI infection and transmission in the UAE.
KFC's Development Strategy in China

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

An In-depth Analysis of KFC's Customized Marketing Strategy in the Chinese Market and its Significance for International Business Expansion. KFC, an eminent player in the global restaurant sector, has made a substantial and influential footprint in China's vast consumer market. The primary aim of this research is to conduct a meticulous examination of KFC's tailored marketing strategy employed within the intricate landscape of the Chinese market. This investigation delves into the intricacies of how KFC has adapted its diverse product offerings to cater specifically to local preferences, implemented culturally resonant marketing campaigns, and devised strategic distribution channels that effectively penetrate the unique characteristics of the Chinese market. By meticulously scrutinizing KFC's market positioning and strategies in China, this comprehensive analysis underscores the pivotal role of carrying out exhaustive market research and crafting contextually appropriate marketing plans. The findings offer actionable insights and serve as instructive case studies for other multinational enterprises seeking to establish a foothold or expand their presence in the highly competitive and rapidly evolving Chinese market. Thus, this study contributes to the broader discourse on international marketing strategy, highlighting the importance of localization and strategic adaptability in achieving sustainable business success across diverse markets.
The Political Economy of Poverty Reduction in Malaysia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article critically examines regional differences in poverty reduction in Malaysia with a focus on political economy factors. More specifically, we focus on the East–West regional divide in income poverty, between four historically poorer the West Malaysia and two states of Eastern Malaysia–Sabah and Sarawak during 1970–2019. Between 1970 and 1990, Malaysia implemented the New Economic Policy (NEP), arguably the longest and most ambitious race-based affirmative action programme in the world. In this context, we also assess whether and how its affirmative action policies succeeded in closing regional gaps. During the NEP, Sarawak saw greater and earlier reductions in income poverty and inequality than the resource-rich states of Sabah and Terengganu, where poverty largely persisted. We argue that politics played a key role in explaining Sabah’s different trajectory vis-à-vis Sarawak, Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu. The ethnicity-targeted policies of the NEP meant the Malays and Muslims were given priority over all other groups. The faster decline in poverty in Sarawak coincided with Muslim control since 1970. On the other hand, when Sabah was under the non-Muslim rule, there was little progress on poverty alleviation. The situation reversed when Sabah fell under Muslim control. The key lesson is that politics do matter during the implementation phase of poverty alleviation programme in Malaysia.
Biologically plausible learning in recurrent neural networks reproduces neural dynamics observed during cognitive tasks

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neural activity during cognitive tasks exhibits complex dynamics that flexibly encode task-relevant variables. Chaotic recurrent networks, which spontaneously generate rich dynamics, have been proposed as a model of cortical computation during cognitive tasks. However, existing methods for training these networks are either biologically implausible, and/or require a continuous, real-time error signal to guide learning. Here we show that a biologically plausible learning rule can train such recurrent networks, guided solely by delayed, phasic rewards at the end of each trial. Networks endowed with this learning rule can successfully learn nontrivial tasks requiring flexible (context-dependent) associations, memory maintenance, nonlinear mixed selectivities, and coordination among multiple outputs. The resulting networks replicate complex dynamics previously observed in animal cortex, such as dynamic encoding of task features and selective integration of sensory inputs. We conclude that recurrent neural networks offer a plausible model of cortical dynamics during both learning and performance of flexible behavior.
Crystallographic Studies of Invasin, a Bacterial Adhesion Molecule from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bacterial pathogens, such as Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, must bind and enter normally non-phagocytic cells to establish infection. The protein responsible for mediating uptake of the bacterium is a 986-residue outer membrane protein called invasin. Invasin binds to several members of the beta 1 integrin family, presumably activating a reorganization of the host cytoskeleton to form pseudopods that envelop the bacterium. Integrin binding has been localized to the extracellular region of invasin (Inv497) comprised by the COOH-terminal 497 residues. In order to gain insight into host cell entry by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, we solved the 2.3 Scrystal structure of Inv497. The structure reveals five domains that form a 180 Srod with structural similarities to tandem fibronectin-III domains. The integrin-binding surfaces of invasin and fibronectin include similarly located key residues, but in the context of different folds and surface shapes. The structures of invasin and fibronectin provide an example of convergent evolution, in which invasin presents an optimized surface for integrin binding compared with host substrates. We have also initiated structural analyses of the NH2-terminal ~500 residues of invasin, which are required for outer membrane localization and for presentation of the integrin-binding region of invasin. We expressed this region of invasin as inclusion bodies in E. coli, and refolded the protein in the presence of detergents. We have also obtained microcrystals of this membrane protein. Circular dichroism studies indicate that this region of invasin is composed of mainly beta-structure. As the transmembrane regions of outer membrane proteins of known structure are beta-barrels, this region of invasin is also presumed to fold into such a structure. Proteolysis experiments suggest that the NH2-terminal 70 amino acids of invasin may form a separate domain from the invasin transmembrane region, analogous to that found in another outer membrane protein, the sucrose-specific porin ScrY. Equilibrium sedimentation analytical ultracentrifugation studies indicate the protein is monomeric in solution. Black bilayer experiments suggest that this region of the protein does not contain a pore and thus plays the role of an outer membrane anchor for the presentation of the integrin-binding domain on the cell surface