jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Teaching Complex Problem Solving Through Digital Game Design

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Problem solving is one of the most essential skills for individuals to be successful at their daily lives and careers. When problems become complex, solving them involves identifying relationships among a multitude of interrelated variables, to achieve multiple different possible solutions. Teaching Complex Problem Solving (CPS) skills in formal education contexts is challenging. In this research, we examined if through an innovative game-design course middle school students improved in their CPS skills. Our results showed that students showed significant improvements in their CPS skills, especially in terms of system exploration, t(10) = 2.787, p = .019; system knowledge, t(10) = 2.437, p = .35; system application, t(10) = 2.472, p = .033. In addition, there was a statistically significant change in students’ interest for CPS after attending the GDL program, t(6) = 3.890, p = .008. We discuss implications regarding use of game-design tasks as contexts to teach CPS skills in formal and informal educational contexts.
17 Number 1 1989 Nucleic Acids Research Nuclear transcriptional activity of the tobacco plastid psbA promoter

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The plastid psbA promoter of tobacco was used with the aim to construct plastid specific marker genes. Upon transfer to the tobacco nuclear genome the plastid promoter fragment appeared to specify a messenger RNA. Placed 5 &apos; to the bar or nptU coding sequences the level of expression is suffi-cient to obtain a selectable phenotype. The transcription start site in the nucleus is site specific and is located 4 nucleotides downstream relative to the start site used in plastids. Translational fusions of the psbA coding sequence with the nptU and bar coding sequences revealed that the psbA leader sequence and the psbA translation start codon, being the second ATG codon, are recognized by the plant cytoplasmic translation apparatus. A promoter cassette utilisable in both E. coli and tobacco, was obtained by placing the CaMV 35S enhancer 5 &apos; to the psbA promoter.
Two Cases of Polyarteritis Nodosa with Uraemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is of interest that in the present case Nelson's trepone- mal immobilization test was negative, as this test is claimed to differentiate between true and biological false-positive Wassermann reactions.Nelson et al. (1950) state that the treponemal immobilizing antibody does not occur in the serum of normal persons or of those suffering from non- treponemal diseases.They have shown that of 57 lepers seropositive by standard tests (76% of those tested), 47 were negative with the treponemal immobilizing test.The incidence of positive reactions with the latter test was approximately the expected incidence of syphilis in the social and socio-economic groups from which the lepers were drawn.It is feasible that our patient contracted leprosy as a result of prolonged contact with coloured troops.Summary A case of lepromatous leprosy exhibiting a chronic biologically false-positive Wassermann reaction is pre- sented.The importance of considering the possibility of a biological false-positive Wassermann reaction in the absence of convincing clinical evidence of syphilis is stressed.Steps must be taken to determine the cause of the false-positive reaction.Histologically the lesions somewhat resembled sarcoid.
Multi‐criteria analysis weighting methodology to incorporate stakeholders' preferences in energy and climate policy interactions

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose Evaluation of energy and climate policy interactions is a complex issue, whereas stakeholders' preferences incorporation has not been addressed systematically. The purpose of this paper is to present an integrated weighting methodology that has been developed in order to incorporate weighting preferences into an ex ante evaluation of climate and energy policy interactions. Design/methodology/approach A multi‐criteria analysis (MCA) weighting methodology which combines pair‐wise comparisons and ratio importance weighting methods has been elaborated. It initially introduces the users to the evaluation process through a warming up holistic approach for an initial rank of the criteria and then facilitates them to express their ratio relative importance in pair‐wise comparisons of criteria by providing them an interactive mean with verbal, numerical and visual representation of their preferences. Moreover, it provides a ranking consistency test where users can see the degree of (in)consistency of their preferences. Findings Stakeholders and experts in the energy policy field who tested the methodology stated their approval and satisfaction for the combination of both ranking and pair‐wise comparison techniques, since it allows the gradual approach to the evaluation problem. In addition, main difficulties in MCA weights elicitation processes were overcome. Research limitations/implications The methodology is tested by a small sample of stakeholders, whereas a larger sample, a broader range of stakeholders and applications on different climate policy evaluation cases merit further research. Originality/value The novel aspect of the developed methodology consists of the combination of ranking and pair‐wise comparison techniques for the elicitation of stakeholders' preferences.
The Uses of Memory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

pioneering writer, Higuchi Ichiyo (1872-1896) has been described as last woman of old Japan, a consummate stylist of classical prose, whose command of the linguistic and rhetorical riches of the pre-modern tradition might suggest that her writings are relics of the past with no concern for the problems of modern life. Timothy Van Compernolle investigates the social dimensions of Ichiyo's artistic imagination and argues that she creatively reworked the Japanese literary tradition in order to understand, confront, and critique the emerging modernity of the Meiji period. For Ichiyo, the classical canon was a reservoir of tropes and paradigms that could be reshaped and renewed as a way to explore the socio-political transformations of the 1890s and cast light upon the human costs of modernization. Drawing critical momentum from the dialogical theory of Mikhail Bakhtin, the author explores in five of Ichiyo's best known stories how traditional rhetoric and literary devices are dialogically engaged with discourses associated with modernity within the pages of Ichiyo's narratives. In its close, sensitive readings of Ichiyo's oeuvre, The Uses of Memory not only complicates the scholarly discussion of her position in the Japanese literary canon, but also broaches larger theoretical issues.
Discovery Of Fingolimod, The Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulator And Its Application For The Therapy Of Multiple Sclerosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fingolimod (FTY720) is a first-in-class, orally active, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-receptor modulator with a structure closely related to sphingosine. The compound was discovered by chemical modification of a natural product, myriocin. Phosphorylated form of FTY720 acts as a functional antagonist at S1P receptor type 1 (S1P(1)), inhibits lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid organs and shows immunomodulating effects. Phase III studies in multiple sclerosis demonstrated that oral FTY720 had superior efficacy compared with intramuscular IFN-β1a (AVONEX(®)) with regard to reducing the rate of relapse and the number of inflammatory lesions in the CNS. FTY720 has been approved as a new therapeutic drug for multiple sclerosis in more than 50 countries, including the USA, Japan and some of those in the EU.
Reconciling work and care: an international analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter explains the book’s rationale, arguing that work-care reconciliation debates and analyses have previously drawn rather limited attention to the care given by family members of working age to relatives who need their support because of illness, disability or frailty in old age. The chapter presents data on the growing significance of work-care reconciliation, arising from both labour market and demographic change, and explains the international comparative approach taken in the book. This compares two countries in each of three types of welfare system, liberal-democratic (Australia and England); Nordic (Finland and Sweden) and East Asian (Japan and Taiwan). The chapter also explains the book’s organisation into three parts, concerned with working carers of older people, disabled children and partners where serious illness or disability raises care and support needs.
A comparative mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of iron ores from two Indian Precambrian deposits and Krivoy rog deposit, Ukraine: implications for the upgrading of lean grade ore

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

AbstractIron ores from two important Precambrian belts in India are studied in detail. The first of these is the Jilling-Langalota deposit, hosted by banded iron formations along with generations of shales, tuffs belonging to Iron Ore Group of Eastern India and is hosted in the Singhbhum-North Orissa Craton. The second group of ores is from the Chitradurga basin in Eastern Dharwar Craton, Southern India. These form part of the Archaean greenstone belts and show a typical oxide–carbonate–sulphide association. The Jilling-Langalota deposit contains considerable amounts of blue dust that is absent in the Chitradurga deposit. Comparisons are made between the Indian iron ores and those of the Krivoy Rog province of the Central Ukrainian Shield. The Indian iron ores are relatively richer in Fe and contain higher amounts of alumina and phosphorous compared with those of the Krivoy Rog deposit. The Indian iron ore samples contain porous and friable oxides and hydroxides of iron with kaolinite, gibbsite and quartz. In contrast, the ores from Krivoy Rog are massive with negligible clay and a higher quartz content leading to very low alumina and very high silica contents in the ores and slime. The Indian ores and slimes are manganiferous in nature with high alumina, which is deleterious to processing and is due to the presence of intercalated tuffaceous shales and clay. The Eastern Indian iron ore deposits could have been formed due to enrichment of the primary ore by gradual removal of silica. It is believed that the massive ores result from direct precipitation while powdery blue dust is formed owing to circulating fluids, which leach away the silica from the protore. The host rock is exhalatic banded iron formation and the ubiquitous presence of intercalated tuffaceous shales point towards a genesis that could have involved Fe leaching from sea floor volcanogenic rocks. The nature of these ores along with the parting shale is responsible for production of large amounts of alumina rich slime during mining and handling. The detailed mineralogical characterisation studies aided by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy—energy dispersive spectroscopy, physical parameters and chemical characteristics have indicated the presence of various mineral phases and established the nature of iron-bearing and gangue assemblages of the bulk ores and slime samples from the three iron ore deposits. These in turn are useful in understanding the amenability of the ores and slimes for beneficiation and waste utilisation.Keywords: BANDED IRON FORMATIONMINERALOGICAL CHARACTERISATIONLOW GRADE IRON ORESIRON ORE SLIMEARCHAEAN IRON ORE GROUPINDIA
The 1981 C. H. McCloy Research Lecture: Analysis of Local Muscular Fatigue Patterns

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The classical ergographic experiments conducted by Mosso in the late 1800s were an impetus to widespread study of fatigue patterns as related to learning and educational planning. In no small way, Mosso's work contributed to the development of scientific study of children and pedagogy. Subsequent work by many investigators has continued to seek links between physiological and psychological factors with local muscular fatigue pattern components. In this paper, a discussion of logically deduced versus statistically defined components in fatigue pattern analysis strategies is followed by a concise review of local muscular fatigue patterns as related to (1) level of strength in male and female subjects, (2) recovery and over-recovery patterns, (3) the quick jump in strength phenomenon, (4) psychological factors, and (5) muscle fiber type composition. Key Words: isometric strengthfatiguerecoveryfiber type composition
EMIC-ETIC PERSPECTIVE ON THE V-M-O REALIZATION OF THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION, ARELLANO UNIVERSITY- PASAY CAMPUS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The vision, mission, and objectives (VMO) of an educational institution form the cornerstone of its operations, guiding its academic programs and initiatives. The effective realization of these statements hinges on the institution's structure and the extent to which both internal and external stakeholders understand and embrace their essence. This study aims to assess the degree of realization of the VMO statements from both an internal (EMIC) and external (ETIC) perspective, focusing on understanding behaviors and personalities. Utilizing a descriptive research design, data collection, analysis, and tabulation were conducted to capture the prevailing perspectives of the respondents. The findings indicate that the Vision-Mission-Objectives of Arellano University were either fully realized or largely realized, with no evidence suggesting a lack of realization from the EMIC-ETIC perspective. Consequently, there were no significant differences observed in the respondents' perspectives, indicating a consistent understanding and alignment with the VMO of Arellano University. However, the study highlights the need for enhanced communication and engagement to reinforce the vision and mission of the School of Education, Arellano University. It emphasizes the importance of inclusive activities involving all stakeholders and adequate funding to ensure the sustainability of these efforts.
Words' Worth: Deceptive Impression Management as a Response to Performance Downturns

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We present a study of the Management Discussion and Analysis statements (MD&A) of 10-K financial disclosures of firms experiencing performance downturns and find that the tendency of strategic leaders to engage in deceptive impression management increases as a result of the degree to which a firm's financial performance drops relative to the prior year. We find that deceptive impression management in the form of changes in the use of more affective language and linguistic diversity increases as a response to performance downturns. We also theorize and find support for the interactions effects of a firm's competitive position and the overall industry competitive uncertainty on the relationship between performance downturn and deceptive impression management.
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles - An pproach to recognize handwritten bengali numerals for postal automation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles
"An Approach to Recognize Handwritten Bengali Numerals for Postal Automation"
by Md. Saidur Rahman, G. M. Atiqur Rahaman, Asif Ahmed and G. M. Salahuddin
in the Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT 2008, 25-27 December, 2008, Khulna, Bangladesh)
After careful and considered review of the content and authorship of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE's Publication Principles.
This paper contains significant portions of original text from the paper cited below. The original text was copied without attribution (including appropriate references to the original author(s) and/or paper title) and without permission.
Due to the nature of this violation, reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper, and future references should be made to the following article:
"Handwritten Bangla Numeral Recognition System and Its Application to Postal Automation"
by YingWen,Yue Lu, Pengfei Shi
in Pattern Recognition (Jan 2007, vol. 40, pp.99-107) Elsevier

A recognition approach for handwritten Bengali numerals and its application for Bangladesh Postal system are presented in this paper. The approach consists of preprocessing, feature extraction and recognition. Using the canny edge detector the top left corner of the post-code box has been detected and the four handwritten numeral images have been segmented. Each image then goes through the steps of normalization, filtering and thinning. Kirsch mask has been used to get the edges through the horizontal, vertical, right and left diagonal. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been used for dimension reduction as the final feature vector consists of the four directional feature vector along with the normalized image. Then the output of the PCA is passed to a trained Support Vector Machine (SVM) to determine which class the input belongs to. Experiments demonstrate that the average recognition rate, error rate and reliability achieved by the proposed system are 92.5%, 7.5% and 92.5% respectively.
Heat Shock Protein-70 Expression in Vitiligo and its Relation to the Disease Activity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Vitiligo is a progressive depigmenting disorder characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis. The etiopathogenesis of vitiligo is still unclear. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are prime candidates to connect stress to the skin. HSPs were found to be implicated in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and other skin disorders as psoriasis. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to map the level of HSP-70 in vitiligo lesions to declare its role in the pathogenesis and activity of vitiligo. Materials and Methods: The study included thirty patients with vitiligo and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Vitiligo patients were divided as regards to the disease activity into highly active, moderately active, and inactive vitiligo groups. Skin biopsies were taken from the lesional and nonlesional skin of patients and from the normal skin of the controls. HSP-70 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was estimated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Our analysis revealed a significantly higher expression of HSP-70 mRNA in lesional skin biopsies from vitiligo patients compared to nonlesional skin biopsies from vitiligo patients ( P < 0.001) and compared to skin biopsies from healthy controls ( P < 0.001). The level of HSP-70 was not found to be correlated with age, sex, or disease duration. The expression of HSP-70 was correlated with the disease activity and patients with active vitiligo showed higher mean HSP-70 level compared to those with inactive disease. Conclusions: HSP-70 plays a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and may enhance the immune response in active disease.
Histopathology of colitis X in the horse.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Histopathological examination was conducted on 16 horses affected with colitis X. Characteristic lesions of the disease were exfoliation of the mucosal epithelial cells and hemorrhagic necrosis of the ceco-colonic mucosa, fibrin thrombus formation of the capillary and venules, especially in the intestinal mucosa, congestive edema of the lungs, and widespread necrosis of tubular epithelial cells with hyalin casts in the kidneys. These lesions support the morphological ground to the hypothesis that endotoxin shock is immediate cause of colitis X. As one of a possible predisposing events to the shock, involvement of systemic infectious disease; especially viral infection was suggested by interstitial pneumonia observed in 15 cases and reticulum cell proliferation with occasional formation of multinucleated giant cell in the lymphoid follicles of the large intestine, spleen, and lymph nodes in most cases.
Computational approach for optimal train control based on minimum controller duration

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we introduce a computational approach for solving optimal driving strategies for trains in which the controllers action are confined to select from discrete modes. Since the controllers operate in succession, in order to avoid the undesirable Zeno phenomenon, we assume that the only one controller can be selected at a time and each active controller duration requires a minimum non-negligible amount time which lead to this problem can not be solved using conventional optimization techniques. To overcome this difficulty, by performing a time-scaling transformation approach and introducing a new binary relaxation, we convert the optimal train control problem into an equivalent optimization problem only with continuous decision variables. We then use a coercive smoothed penalty-based approach to construct a sequence of bound constrained optimization problem, then a novel gradient-based stochastic search method is applying to decrease the computation cost of problem. Numerical examples show that our algorithm is efficient in finding global optimal solution.
Mining the O-mannose glycoproteome reveals cadherins as major O-mannosylated glycoproteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance Protein O-mannosylation is believed to be an abundant modification of proteins, but only very few glycoproteins with O-mannose have been identified to date. Here, we present a unique strategy for proteome-wide discovery of O-mannosylated glycoproteins, and using this strategy we find that the important cadherin and plexin families of cell membrane receptors are O-mannosylated. The presented strategy invites the opportunity for wider exploration of the O-mannose glycoproteome and studies of the functions of O-mannose glycans.
Mediastinal Masses and Emergency Management Challenges -The Great Mimic!

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mediastinum is one of most the enigmatic areas of the human body and its pathology can be equally riveting. The mediastinum is broadly divided into four regions: Anterior mediastinum; Superior mediastinum; Middle or visceral mediastinum and Posterior or paravertebral mediastinum. All these compartments contain vascular, lymphatic, neural, capsular and solid organ structures, which may be affected by various disease processes and tumours. Mediastinal masses can be silent for a long time and present suddenly as a life-threatening situation, which can be confusing to the untrained mind. These include symptoms of sudden airway obstruction, bronchospasm, venous engorgement and sometimes, even sudden death. While a lot has been published regarding their anaesthetic and surgical management, there is paucity of literature on emergency or intensive care management. This narrative review proposes to highlight the varied acute presentations of mediastinal tumours and their critical care management. Keywords : Airway obstruction; Bronchospasm; Emergency; Mediastinum; Mass
Practice and Reflection on Active Fault Monitoring in Haikou Area

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The project takes active faults in Haikou area as the monitoring object, through three monitoring means of GNSS monitoring, level measurement and fault escape radon measurement, and utilizes big data, cloud computing and other advanced technologies to build an Internet of Things monitoring platform, to carry out cyclic monitoring of active faults in Haikou area, so as to provide scientific basis for the analysis and prediction of earthquakes and the construction of Haikou area's urban planning and major projects.