jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Physical exercise promotes memory function in diabetes mellitus rats: a look at glucagon like peptide-1 and glucagon like peptide-1 receptor

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder associated with declining of memory function. Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has a role on memory function; binding of GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) can enhance synaptic plasticity. Physical exercise has effect in increasing GLP-1 levels mediated by interleukin (IL)-6 in plasma. However, the effect of physical exercise on GLP-1 and GLP-1R in hippocampus is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of continuous and interval training on memory function through GLP-1/GLP-1R and its relation to hippocampal IL-6 of DM rats. This was an experimental study using 8-week-old Wistar rats, divided into four groups: normal control (Con); DM control (ConDM); DM with continuous training (DM-CT); and DM with interval training (DM-IT). DM-CT and DM-IT rats were trained six times a week for six weeks. All rats performed the forced alteration Y-maze test to verify spatial memory function. We analysed GLP-1 and IL-6 level by ELISA and GLP-1R by RT-PCR. We found decreased spatial memory function in DM rats accompanied by decreased hippocampal GLP-1 and GLP-1R. Physical exercise promote memory function in DM rats associated with restoration of hippocampal GLP-1 or GLP-1R level. The GLP-1 level is associated with hippocampal IL-6 level. Continuous training slightly increases GLP-1 level while interval training can maintain expression of hippocampal GLP-1R in DM rats. Our findings suggest that physical exercise may promote memory function by slightly increase the level of hippocampal GLP-1 and maintaining expression hippocampal GLP-1R.
THE RECOVERY OF LOST PROFITS UNDER ARTICLE 74 OF THE U.N. CONVENTION ON THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The ability to obtain damages for losses suffered in the course of trade is a critical and necessary requirement for parties to be willing to engage in commerce. Without legal recourse for losses as a consequence of other parties’ nonperformance, the incentive to participate in trade is greatly diminished. International commerce is hampered to the extent that parties from different countries risk trading under foreign laws that might not offer comparable protection. The availability of relief for a breach of contract accords with economic efficiency in a free enterprise economy.1 The U.N. Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG) was created in 1980 to codify and harmonize a legal framework aimed at encouraging and facilitating international trade. An important feature of the CISG is Article 74, which provides a guide for the recovery of foreseeable losses, including lost profits, as a consequence of a party’s breach of contract.2 This right to obtain damages is a primary mechanism of the CISG remedial scheme.3 This paper will examine the recovery of lost profits under Article 74 CISG and discuss the practical issues that tribunals and parties face when evaluating a lost profit claim. Decisions concerning the recovery of lost profits under the CISG have been criticized as lacking uniformity due to problems in interpreting Article 74 CISG, differences in domestic evidentiary standards, use or nonuse of general principles of international law, arbitrator discretion, and difficulties in the actual calculation of lost profits.4 A discussion of these issues will attempt to shed light on the problems and determine if there is a lack of uniformity, and if so, what steps can be taken to increase the consistency of awards.
<p class="HeadingRunIn"><strong>Six new species, complementary descriptions and new records from the </strong><strong>Neotropical Region of the spider genus <em>Dipoena</em> (Araneae: Theridiidae)</strong></p>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The theridiid genus Dipoena Thorell, 1869 is distributed worldwide. Dipoena are recognized by male with carapace often high, cylindrical, with grooves or depression on dorsum; carapace of female rarely modified, sometimes high. In this paper six new species of Dipoena are described from Brazil, one from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul: Dipoena bonitensis new species, three from São Paulo: Dipoena cidae new species, Dipoena ericae new species and Dipoena santaritadopassaquatrensis new species and two from Paraná: Dipoena guaraquecaba new species and Dipoena fozdoiguacuensis new species, all based on males and females. The males of Dipoena pusilla (Keyserling, 1886); D. peruensis Levi, 1963; D. olivenca Levi, 1963 and D. esra Levi, 1963 and the female of Dipoena niteroi Levi, 1963 are here described and illustrated for the first time. New records from Brazil include Dipoena augara Levi, 1963; D. bryantae Chickering, 1943; D. duodecimpunctata Chickering, 1943; D. isthmia Chickering, 1943; D. kuyuwini Levi, 1963; D. mendoza Levi, 1967; D. puertoricensis Levi, 1963; D. tiro Levi, 1963 and D. trinidensis Levi, 1963; and new records from Bolivia include Dipoena atlantica Chickering, 1943, D. cornuta Chickering, 1943 and D. kuyuwini. New distribution records within Brazil are presented for Dipoena cordiformis Keyserling, 1886; D. hortoni Chickering, 1943; D. ira Levi, 1963; D. militaris Chickering, 1943; D. obscura Keyserling, 1891; D. pumicata (Keyserling, 1886); D. santacatarinae Levi, 1963; D. tingo Levi, 1963 and D. variabilis (Keyserling, 1886).
Metabolomic Signature in Men with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Using UHPLC-MS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), the fourth leading cause of retinal disease, tends to affect men and is favored by corticosteroids. Untargeted systemic metabolomics was analyzed in 60 men with CSCR and 60 age-matched controls using UHPLC-MS. The analysis of sera revealed a total of 722 metabolites that differed significantly between the CSCR and control groups, with 592 being downregulated and 130 being upregulated. The metabolic profile exhibited incomplete breakdown products of protein digestion or catabolism, incomplete fatty acid β-oxidation, and alterations in antioxidant metabolism. A substantial upregulation of three primary fatty acid amides was observed, along with a downregulation of long-chain acylcarnitines and kynurenines. The reduction in long- and medium-chain acylcarnitine, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), tryptophan, and kynurenine, all of which are upregulated by glucocorticoids, does not support the hypothesis of excess glucocorticoid in patients with CSCR. In conclusion, we report here that patients with CRSC present a metabolic signature that could be useful as a complement to specific endocrine studies to better understand the relationship between corticoids and the pathology. Repeated cohorts are needed to validate these findings.
Management of Spontaneous Superficial Intracerebral Hematomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Treatment of primary spontaneous superficial intracerebral hemorrhage (SSICH) is still controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of craniotomy and early hematoma evacuation vs conservative (non operative) management in patients with SSICH. Methods: A prospective study of craniotomy and early hematoma removal vs. medical management was performed in 20 patients with cortical and subcortical (superficial) primary SSICH admitted to Assiut university hospital in one year period (March 2016-March 2017). Surgical or medical treatment was initiated immediately when patients admitted to hospital. We divided the patients into two groups according to type of treatment. Results: Age of the patients ranged from 2 months to 73 years (mean: 45.84 ± 23.28 years) among the 20 patients studied; 13 (65%) were males and 7 (35%) were females. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at admission was less than 8 in 25%, between 8 - 12 in 45% and 15 in 30% of the patients. Arterial hypertension was the most common associated medical disease (65%). Eleven of patients (55%) had ventricular extension. GCS at admission was the strongest factor affecting outcomes and determined the type of treatment. All patients with a GCS ≤ 8 (5 cases (25%) were died regardless the type of treatment and there was no significant statistical difference in this group in relation to type of treatment p-value (0.606). We had 6 cases (30%) with a GCS 15; all of them were treated conservatively and all of them survived with significant p-value (0.003). Nine patients (45%) had GCS 8 - 12; two of them were treated conservatively and died while the remaining seven patients were treated surgically; five of them survived with significant p-value (0.025). No significant statistical difference was found in the outcome between the surgical and the conservative group regarding having associated intracranial hemorrhage. Conclusions: After analyzing the results, we found that when the GCS is “8 - 12”, surgical intervention is recommended and carried a better prognosis than waiting for the conservative treatment. When GCS is higher “>12”, conservative treatment can be the favorable option. Otherwise, we found no statistical difference between surgical and conservative treatment in the treatment of ICH.
CYFRA 21-1 serum analysis in patients with esophageal cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study was conducted to determine a potential use of CYFRA 21-1 in patients suffering from carcinoma of the esophagus. CYFRA 21-1 serum concentrations of 50 patients with histologically proven malignant lesion of the esophagus were compared with 50 healthy persons, 50 patients with benign esophageal disease, and 50 patients with benign lung disease. Additional analysis of serum carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 72-4, and squamous cell carcinoma-antigen serum concentrations were performed. The patients with esophageal carcinoma underwent follow-up tumor marker examinations every three months for 1 year. Analysis to detect statistically significant differences was conducted to estimate a cutoff and to evaluate tumor entity, tumor stage, survival, and tumor-free survival. CYFRA 21-1 at a cutoff of 1.40 ng/ml showed an overall sensitivity to esophageal carcinoma of 36% (45.5% to squamous cell carcinoma, 17.6% to adenocarcinoma) at a specificity of 97.3%. CYFRA 21-1 concentrations showed a tendency to higher serum levels depending on local tumor burden. A correlation of CYFRA 21-1 with various N- or M-stage disease was not observed. Postoperative development in terms of survival and tumor-free survival showed significant correlation to preoperative CYFRA 21-1 concentrations. Clinical tumor recurrence was preceded by CY-FRA 21-1 elevation by 3.4 months. For prognosis and follow-up, this marker is justified for additional analysis in a larger series of patients suffering from carcinoma of the esophagus.
Frank O'Connor's "world of appearances" : epiphany and false personality in his stories of childhood.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study illuminates the influence of two vastly different short story writers on the work of Frank O’Connor: James Joyce and Anton Chekhov. O’Connor vowed never to imitate the Russian master, and yet Chekhov’s theme of false personality is present in many O’Connor’s stories involving young children. And while critical attention given to the Joyce-O’Connor connection focuses primarily on O’Connor’s disagreements with Joyce over the aesthetic function of literature; the present study analyzes how O’Connor employs Joyce’s notion of epiphany to bring his child narrators to a moment of discovery about themselves or the world around them. Lastly, this analysis employs O’Connor’s phrase “the world of appearances” to describe the deceitful nature of the world that his child protagonists inhabit. O’Connor emerges from this intertextual close reading in a new light—as the writer of complex, unsentimental, and thoroughly believable stories about children of all ages.
Attempt to Prevent Erythroblastosis Foetalis by Use of Cortisone During Pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since the discovery by Landsteiner and Wiener (1940) of the rhesus factor great advances have been made in the understanding of erythroblastosis foetalis, and it is now firmly established that the condition results from the development in the pregnant woman of immune antibodies capable of crossing fhe placental barrier and causing excessive red-cell destruction in the foetus. This recent knowledge has led to several attempts to inhibit the development of such antibodies. Thus Wiener and Sonn (1946) gave injections of typhoid and pertussis vaccines during pregnancy in the hope that the administration of a strong antigen might interfere with the development of antibodies in response to the weaker (Rh) antigen. Kariher (1947), acting upon reports that ethylene disulphonate was alleged to be of value in allergic conditions, administered this substance in minute amounts to pregnant women who had pre viously given birth to infants with haemolytic disease. His results suggested that such treatment may have some effect in lowering the antibody titre in the maternal serum. Carter (1947, 1949) claimed to have isolated from human Rh-positive red cells a fraction containing an Rh hapten, and reported that injections of this frac tion into Rh-sensitized pregnant women resulted in a fall in titre of the circulating Rh antibodies. Other workers, notably Howe and Rustigian (1950), and Spurling et al. (1950), have failed to produce results comparable to those of Carter. So far no widely accepted therapeutic procedure has resulted from these attempts to inhibit Rh antibodies. At the present time the effects of cortisone and A.C.T.H. upon immunity reactions are incompletely understood. The available reports indicate a species difference: cf. guinea-pig (Dews and Code, 1951), rabbit (Germuth and Ottinger, 1950), and man (Mirick, 1951). In man A.C.T.H. and cortisone apparently do not inhibit the development of antibodies (Havens et al., 1951) but are able to prevent hypersensitivity reactions (Long and Favour, 1950). It seems that in man the adrenal agents prevent either the union of antigen and antibody or the tissue injury which results from such union.
Induction, Morphogenesis, and Germination of the Chlamydospore of Candida albicans

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Early log phase yeast cells of Candida albicans transformed into suspensor cells and chlamydospores when streaked on washed agar without added nutrients. The transformation was apparently a result of endogenous metabolism since starved yeast cells did not form chlamydospores. Addition of glucose (5 mg/ml) to washed agar completely suppressed chlamydospore formation. Size of inoculum and age of inoculum markedly affected chlamydospore yield. Electron microscopy of thin sections revealed the chlamydospore wall to be double layered, the outer thin layer being continuous with the wall of the suspensor cell. A technique was devised to study germination of chlamydospores. Chlamydospores germinated by budding, and the fluorescent antibody technique was used to study the budding process.
High-Performance Silicone Sponge Evaporators with Low Thermal Conductivity for Long-Term Solar Interfacial Evaporation and Freshwater Harvesting

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Solar interfacial evaporation (SIE) has emerged as a highly promising approach for sustainable freshwater harvesting. However, maintaining a stable evaporation rate and achieving a high freshwater yield in high-salinity brines remain a significant challenge. In this study, we present the development of silicone sponge-based evaporators with a "free-salt" structure, designed to enhance the efficiency of SIE and freshwater collection. These evaporators, designated as PSS@Fe3O4/CNTs, were fabricated by grafting durable silicone onto a silicone sponge framework, followed by the incorporation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. The unique combination of exceptional photothermal properties and a controlled yolk-shell structure with low thermal conductivity enabled the PSS@Fe3O4/CNT evaporators to sustain a stable evaporation rate of 1.87 kg m-2 h-1 in real seawater over 200 h of continuous operation under 1 sun illumination. Importantly, no salt accumulation was observed on the evaporator surfaces, even when exposed to highly concentrated brines. In a closed system equipped with a condenser, these evaporators achieved freshwater production rates of 14.5 and 11.8 kg m-2 over 10 h from 10 and 20 wt % NaCl solutions, respectively, under 1 sun illumination. These values correspond to normalized production rates of 1.45 and 1.18 kg m-2 h-1, showcasing the consistent and efficient performance of the evaporators across varying salinity levels. Beyond salt rejection, the PSS@Fe3O4/CNT evaporators also demonstrated the ability to effectively remove various heavy metal ions (e.g., Cu2+ and Zn2+) and organic pollutants from contaminated water. This work provides valuable insights into innovative evaporator designs for efficient freshwater production from seawater and wastewater.
Emotion-based Multimodal Music Classifier for Recommender Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, advancements in artificial intelligence have driven a growing demand for personalized user experiences across various digital platforms. In the music domain, this trend is reflected in the need for more sophisticated recommendation systems beyond traditional collaborative filtering methods. This thesis introduces an emotion-based multimodal music classifier, leveraging both audio features and song lyrics to capture the emotional content of music. By focusing on song content and emotional attributes, this approach aims to lay the groundwork for recommendation systems capable of providing users with a more customized and emotionally resonant experience, also addressing the cold-start problem typical of collaborative filtering-based recommendation. Following an overview of existing literature on the topic and the examination of the challenges posed by the specific field of interest, the first contribution of this work is the creation of a suitable dataset for Music Emotion Recognition: this is achieved by extending a subset of the Music4All-Onion dataset with emotion-based labels for song lyrics using an eight-class emotional model. Audio data, available in the form of pre- extracted acoustic features, is analyzed using unsupervised machine learning methods to meaningfully model the underlying structures and patterns associated with emotional music content. Different baselines methods are identified as benchmarks to comparatively evaluate the proposed approaches. The final emotion-based multimodal classifier primarily relies on textual data in the form of song lyrics, incorporating acoustic information as an auxiliary feature to enhance the emotional classification. The model achieves promising results in the context of Music Emotion Recognition, considering the data availability issues characterizing research in this field.
Does participative leadership enhance work performance by inducing empowerment or trust? The differential effects on managerial and non‐managerial subordinates

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract We examined whether participative leadership behavior is associated with improved work performance through a motivational process or an exchange‐based process. Based on data collected from 527 employees from a Fortune 500 company, we found that the link between superiors' participative leadership behaviors and subordinates' task performance and organizational citizenship behavior toward organizations (OCBO) was mediated by psychological empowerment (motivational mediator) for managerial subordinates. Yet, for non‐managerial subordinates such as supporting and front‐line employees, the impact of participative leadership on task performance and OCBO was mediated by trust‐in‐supervisor (exchange‐based mediator). Implications for theories and practices are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnesium Sulfate versus Tramadol as Adjuvants to Lidocaine in Intravenous Regional Anesthesia for Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Intravenous regional anesthesia [IVRA] is a simple and effective anesthetic method for providing regional anesthesia of the upper limbs during carpal tunnel release surgery [CTRS]. However, the procedure is associated with significant postoperative pain and adjuvant analgesic agents are recommended. The Aim of The Work: This study aimed to compare the analgesic effects of magnesium sulfate and tramadol when added to lidocaine for IVRA during CTRS. Methods: In this double-blinded, randomized clinical trial, 60 ASA I-II patients eligible for elective CTRS with IVRA were randomly allocated into one of 3 groups. The first group [lidocaine group] received IVRA with 40 ml lidocaine 0.5%. The second group [lidocaine + tramadol group] received IVRA with40 ml 0.5% lidocaine and tramadol 1mg/kg. The third group [lidocaine + magnesium sulphate group] received IVRA with 40 ml 0.5% lidocaine and magnesium sulfate 10 mg/kg and normal saline. Outcome parameters included time to onset of sensory and motor block, time to onset of tourniquet pain, need of intra-operative analgesia, intraoperative consumption of fentanyl, duration of postoperative analgesia and pain intensity were noted in each patient. Results: Comparison between the studied groups regarding the outcome parameters. The Lidocaine + Tramadol and the Lidocaine + Magnesium groups achieved better performance in all the studied parameters in comparison to the Lidocaine group. In addition, Lidocaine + Tramadol groups had significantly better performance in comparison to the Lidocaine + Magnesium group. No significant differences were reported between the studied groups regarding post-operative complications Conclusions: Use of tramadol and magnesium sulphate as adjuvants to lidocaine achieved better performance in all the studied parameters in comparison to the lidocaine only. In addition, tramadol had significantly better performance in comparison to magnesium sulphate without significant side effects.
Stress among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and the determinant factors: a cross-sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in workload, as well as greater vigilance and compliance at work. Healthcare workers must perform their duties while facing the fear of COVID-19, which can trigger and/or aggravate stress. This study aimed to obtain the determinant factors of stress among healthcare workers during the pandemic by emphasizing the change in the psychosocial situation at the hospital. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2021 using an online questionnaire consisting of personal and occupational questionnaires, as well as the validated stressor and stress questionnaires using validity and reliability tests (Cronbach’s alpha 0.8 and 0.9). For the multivariate analysis, multiple logistic regression was used to identify the determinant factors (p<0.05). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 (IBM Corp., USA). RESULTS Determinant factors of the occurrence of moderate–severe stress were the alteration of stressors including age (aOR = 1.9), working hours (aOR = 1.9), work zone (aOR = 2.7), limited facilities and resources (aOR = 6.2), risk of disease transmission (aOR = 0.3), and personal work demands (aOR = 2.1). CONCLUSIONS In addition to the younger age, the determinant factors of the incidence of moderate–severe stress in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic at the hospitals were work-related conditions. However, they remained controllable to prevent stress among healthcare workers in the peak load work situations such as a pandemic.