jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ONCHOCERCIASIS – A PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Onchocerciasis is a chronic parasitic disease with a wide range of cutaneous and ocular manifestations. It is caused by the tissue nematode, Onchocerca volvulus, and it is transmitted by the bite of a female black fly, Simulium damnosum. Onchocerciasis is a serious public health and socio-economic problem with 95% of all cases being found in Africa south of the Sahara. The WHO Expert Committee has estimated that over 80 million people are at the risk of infection worldwide, some 18 million infected, and 1 million people visually impaired of which some 340,000 are blind. Nigeria is highly endemic for this disease, to the extent that 40% of all cases worldwide are believed to occur in the country. The prevalence of blindness in villages near to fast flowing rivers may reach 15%, often, affecting males (of working age, perhaps 30-40 years old) more frequently than females. In spite of these ravaging consequences of this disease however, remarkable successes have been achieved by the control effort of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP), which uses chemical and biological larvicides with low environmental impact to kill black fly larvae flies. Other methods of effecting Onchocerciasis control include: (i) Reducing the number of bites by the Simulium fly on man; (ii) Killing the microfilariae with microfilaricides; and (iii) Killing the adult worms. The social and economic consequences of the disease in Nigeria and other African countries are huge, with considerable human suffering. It thus demands unrelenting intensive and concerted effort at the international, national and community levels, making optimal use of the identified modes of control for effective control of this disease which has serious public health and economic consequences. Key Words: Onchocerciasis, Public Health, Control Afr. J. Clin. Exper. Microbiol. 2004; 5(2): 165 – 172.
The original technique of the collection and adaptation different types of diagnostic information for congenital urinary malformations in newborns for the systems of automated analysis of three-dimensional images and surgical navigation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article describes the processes of collecting and adapting the diagnostic information necessary for use in automated analysis of three-dimensional images and surgical navigation. The work is carried out on the basis of the NMRC Obstetrics, Gynecology And Perinatology named after V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement dated 03.10.2016 No. 14.607.21.0162, unique identifier RFMEFI60716X0162) The work is devoted to the features of collection, segmentation and description of the results of preoperative radiological diagnostics of newborn patients with congenital urinary malformations such as hydronephrosis (HN), renal duplication with uretherohydronephrosis of the nonfunctional segment (UHN) or multicystic dysplastic kidney (MC). The goal of the work is the development of standards for the collection, classification and segmentation of various diagnostic information of congenital urinary malformations in newborns necessary to use in automated three-dimensional image analysis and surgical navigation. In order to expand the scope of application, it was decided to supplement the data bank with information from the patient's phenotypic chart, compiled by the clinical geneticist when examining the patient. According to the developed and implemented algorithms we collected and segmented 978 series of images belonging to 393 patients with urinary malformations and 452 series of normal urinary system. Available text descriptions of the series are reconstructed to the original developed standard. At present, using this data bank, a subsystem of neural network analysis and reconstruction of diagnostic images of newborn patients is being developed, as well as a surgical navigation system for performing endoscopic surgical manipulations on patients for congenital malformations of the urinal system.
Cariogenic Bacteria as Biomarkers for Sugar Intake

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cariogenic bacteria (lactobacilli and mutans streptococci) in saliva are possible biomarkers for sugar intake. We evaluated the strength of the evidence for an association between sugar intake and the two groups of bacteria, and concluded that there is a limited to moderately scientific basis for this association. Because of many confounding factors, bacteria counts can never be used as a precise measurement of sugar intake, but might still be useful on a group level.
Nanorobot-Cell Communication via In Situ Generation of Biochemical Signals: Toward Regenerative Therapies

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Achieving precise control of cellular processes drives possibilities for next-generation therapeutic approaches. However, existing technologies for influencing cell behavior primarily rely on specific drug delivery, limiting their ability to mimic natural cellular communication processes. In this work, we developed glucose-powered gold-silica (Au-SiO2) nanorobots that induce cell migration by generating steady-state hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a biochemical signaling molecule to mimic natural cellular communication with high spatial resolution. These nanorobots leverage the unique 2-in-1 catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles for glucose oxidation and H2O2 decomposition, allowing for precise control over the generation of steady-state H2O2 concentration and enhanced diffusion powered by glucose within the cellular microenvironment. We further demonstrated that at low dosages of nanorobots, the steady-state H2O2 generation promotes cell migration and proliferation, while higher dosages of nanorobots slow down cell proliferation. The proposed design of this biocompatible nanorobot is intended to enable communication with the environment and provide a noninvasive, biochemical command system for regulating cellular behavior. Additionally, we show proof of principle of a method by which nanorobots can augment wound healing and similar regenerative therapies.
Improvement of memory bandwidth utilization using OpenMP task with processor affinity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The CPU design has been evolving for more than 30 years since the first x86 microprocessor. Recently, instead of increasing the CPU performance, the focus has shifted to multi-core architecture. Multi-core processor technology is rapidly evolving, but the memory interface is a limiting factor in fulfilling the needs of multi-core and multi-threaded processors. This is a big challenge for software developers. The run time thread is dynamically allocated to each processor core by the scheduler of the operating system. Current parallel programming researches only aim to load balance and keep the multi-core running efficiently. As a result, applications may have poor spatial data locality. This will also cause uneven memory bandwidth usage due to differences in memory access paths. The question of obtaining maximum memory bandwidth utilization by controlling the thread of a processor affinity is the main scope of this particular research. Memory bandwidth utilization of 62% (8786.87 MB/s to 14201.88 MB/s) was achieved, if appropriate processor affinity was set for thread placement. The OpenMP task level parallelism in addition to processor affinity resulted in 69% (8786.87 MB/s to 14802.69 MB/s) of improvement using 2 threads. Thus, task level parallelism combined with processor affinity greatly increases the level of parallelism in an OpenMP parallel programming environment. As a result, it can improve the overall performance of parallel applications.
Data from A Cohort Study to Evaluate Genetic Predictors of Aromatase Inhibitor Musculoskeletal Symptoms: Results from ECOG-ACRIN E1Z11

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>Aromatase inhibitor (AI)–associated musculoskeletal symptoms (AIMSS) are common and frequently lead to AI discontinuation. SNPs in candidate genes have been associated with AIMSS and AI discontinuation. E1Z11 is a prospective cohort study designed to validate the association between 10 SNPs and AI discontinuation due to AIMSS.</p>Patients and Methods:<p>Postmenopausal women with stage I to III hormone receptor–positive breast cancer received anastrozole 1 mg daily and completed patient-reported outcome measures to assess AIMSS (Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire) at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. We estimated that 40% of participants would develop AIMSS and 25% would discontinue AI treatment within 12 months. Enrollment of 1,000 women with a fixed number per racial stratum provided 80% power to detect an effect size of 1.5 to 4. SNPs were found in <i>ESR1</i> (rs2234693, rs2347868, and rs9340835), <i>CYP19A1</i> (rs1062033 and rs4646), <i>TCL1A</i> (rs11849538, rs2369049, rs7158782, and rs7159713), and <i>HTR2A</i> (rs2296972).</p>Results:<p>Of the 970 evaluable women, 43% developed AIMSS and 12% discontinued AI therapy within 12 months. Although more Black and Asian women developed AIMSS than White women (49% vs. 39%, <i>P</i> = 0.017; 50% vs. 39%, <i>P</i> = 0.004, respectively), the AI discontinuation rates were similar across groups. None of the SNPs were significantly associated with AIMSS or AI discontinuation in the overall population or in distinct cohorts. The OR for rs2296972 (<i>HTR2A</i>) approached significance for developing AIMSS.</p>Conclusions:<p>We were unable to prospectively validate candidate SNPs previously associated with AI discontinuation due to AIMSS. Future analyses will explore additional genetic markers, patient-reported outcome predictors of AIMSS, and differences by race.</p></div>
Country-Specific Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in Pharmaceuticals: The Case of Poland and Its European Union Partners

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Trade cooperation between European Union countries is based mainly on intra-industry trade,\nconsisting in the simultaneous import and export of similar products belonging to the same industry\n(commodity group).\nThe present study has investigated the country-specifi c determinants of intra-industry trade\nbetween Poland and its European Union trading partners in pharmaceutical products during the\ntime period 2004-2016. To this end, an econometric model for panel data was constructed.\nThe research shows that the intensity of intra-industry trade in Poland-EU trade in pharmaceuticals\nis determined by several key factors. The intensity of trade with particular EU countries and the size\nof general government expenditure on health in the countries of trading partners have a positive\nimpact on the development of this type of exchange. A factor that signifi cantly and simultaneously\naffects the intensity of intra-industry trade is the degree of imbalance in the trade balance in\npharmaceutical products with individual trading partners.\nThe development of intra-industry trade is also limited by factors related to the level of economic\ndevelopment of trading partners. The study confi rmed that the greater the differences in the level of\nGDP per capita between Poland and the trading partner, the less intense intra-industry trade. Also,\nthe growth of GDP per capita in the countries of trade partners is not conducive to the development\nof intra-industry trade in Poland’s trade in pharmaceuticals. The direction of the impact of this\nvariable (GDP per capita) on the intensity of two-way trade obtained in this study does not confi rm\nthe predictions of the theory of intra-industry trade. However, the negative impact of this factor\ncan be explained by the specifi city of pharmaceutical products that are purchased by consumers\ngenerally only in justifi ed situations resulting from health or life protection.
Exploring Mispricing in the Term Structure of CDS Spreads

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Based on a reduced-form model of credit risk, we explore mispricing in the credit default swaps (CDS) spreads of North American companies and its economic content. Specifically, we develop a trading strategy using the model to trade out of sample market-neutral portfolios across the term structure of CDS contracts. Our empirical results show that the trading strategy exhibits abnormally large returns, confirming the existence and persistence of a mispricing. The aggregate returns of the trading strategy are positively related to the square of market-wide credit and liquidity risks, indicating that the mispricing is more pronounced when the market is more volatile. When implemented on the Markit data, the strategy shows significant economic value even after controlling for realistic transaction costs.
Neurodegeneration in toxin-mediated demyelinating animal models of Multiple Sclerosis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Myelin wird durch einem speziellen Membran von Oligodendrozyten im ZNS hergestellt. Diese mehrschichtige Struktur umhüllt Axonen mit ihner trophischen Unterstützung und erleichtert die schnelle Übertragung von elektrischen Signalen. Um die kurzfristigen Auswirkungen der Demyelinisierung zu untersuchen, die histologische Analyse in einem Maus-Modell wurde durchgeführt, wo die myelinisierende Oligodendrozyten wurden abgetragen durch die Expression von Diphtherie-Toxin-Rezeptor in reifen Oligodendrozyten und systemische Diphtherie-Toxin Injektionen. \n \nWir beobachteten, dass so eine Abtragung in einer tödlichen Krankheit resultiert, wo Demyelinisierung der weißen Substanz Bahnen durch Mikroglia Aktivierung von der axonalen Schäden begleitet wurde. Wir haben gezeigt, dass dieses Modell daher auch für das Studium von der kurzfristigen Demyelinisierung-vermittelte axonale Schädigung und Myelin Abbau geeignet ist. \n \nUm die Auswirkungen der reversibel Demyelinisierungepisoden auf langfristige Bewegungsapparates Leistung und neuro-axonalen Integrität zu untersuchen, wurden Cuprizon-behandelten Tieren mit motorischen Sequenz (MOSS) überwachtet. Mit MOSS haben wir beobachtet, ob eine funktionelle Erholung erreicht und in langfristig erhalten konnte. Trotz die komplette scheinbare Erholung, die behandelte Tieren zeigten eine late-onset motorischen Beeinträchtigung und laufenden akuten axonalen Schädigung. Dieses Modell imitiert viele Aspekte der axonalen Pathologie bei chronisch progredienter MS und könnte daher bei der Untersuchung der Faktoren, die Initiierung, Aufrechterhaltung oder Kompensation axonalen Schädigunggenutzt werden. \n \nSchließlich, weil Myelin Neuroprotektionwahrscheinlich eine direkte Kommunikation zwischen Axonen und Oligodendrozyten beinhaltet/braucht , Proteomanalyse der Myelin-Fraktionen in axo glialen Regionen ist durchgeführt, um neue Kandidaten in axo-glialen Interaktion im Rahmen des Myelin Biogenese beteiligt sind zu finden. Zahlreiche funktionalle Assays wurden gegründet und verwenden, um identifizierten Kandidaten zu bewerten, um ihre Rolle in axoglial Kommunikation und Myelinbildung zu bestimmen. Wir haben festgestellt, dass einige Mitglieder der IgLON Familie binden beide Oligodendrozyten und Axone. Wir beobachteten, dass diese Proteine kein Effekt auf die Migration, Proliferation, Differenzierung von der Oligodendrozyte-Vorläuferzellen haben. Allerdings beobachteten wir, dass ein Mitglied, Ntm wirkt sich negativ auf die frühen Phasen der Myelinisierung.
Agaricomycetes of Ontario Tallgrass Prairies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study provides the first characterization of the Agaricomycetes of Ontario tallgrass prairies, assesses the influence of various environmental factors, and compares results of aboveground mushroom surveys with belowground high-throughput DNA sequencing. Overall, the Mycenaceae, Ceratobasidiaceae and Polyporaceae were the most abundant, and the Clavariaceae, Entolomataceae and Sebacinaceae the richest in species. Position along a transect (geographic region) was the primary factor differentiating Agaricomycete composition of sites whereas tillage history and soil organic carbon content were secondary. The Hygrophoraceae and Clavariaceae were associated with pristine sites, and Minimedusa spp. associated with tillage. The belowground method captured most of the minor clades found aboveground and several more unique ones. The aboveground method retrieved 74 species and the belowground method 256 OTUs, with only eight shared between them.
Synergism of intraventricular NaCl infusion and subpressor angiotensins in rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The effect of selective salt infusion to the central nervous system on the blood pressure (BP) regulation was examined in male Wistar rats. Hypertonic NaCl (0.8 M, 1 microliter/h) was infused into the lateral ventricle concomitantly with intravenous infusion of a subpressor dose (5.4 pmol.kg-1.min-1) of angiotensin II (ANG II) or its analogues for 7 days using osmotic minipumps. The BP was not increased by intracerebroventricular infusion of NaCl alone at this dose but was significantly and consistently increased by concomitant intravenous infusion of ANG II or its analogues. The increases in the BP over the base-line values on day 7 in groups on infusions of ANG II, ANG III, and pentasarcosyl-ANG II [(Sar)5ANG II] were 29 +/- 5 mmHg (n = 9, P less than 0.05), 8 +/- 2 mmHg (n = 8, P less than 0.05), and 19 +/- 3 mmHg (n = 6, P less than 0.05), respectively. The responses to hexamethonium, prazosin, and antagonists of arginine vasopressin and ANG II were examined in separate sets of conscious and unrestrained animals that had received intracerebroventricular infusion of NaCl and intravenous infusion of ANG II for the preceding 6 days. These animals showed significantly greater depressor responses only to hexamethonium and prazosin than control. These results indicate that the pressor effect of continuous and concomitant administration of intracerebroventricular NaCl and intravenous ANG II is mainly due to activation of the sympathetic nerve function. Synergism of the effects of selective central sodium administration and a subpressor dose of ANG II in the central nervous system is suggested.
Cue-Induced Dopamine Release Predicts Cocaine Preference: Positron Emission Tomography Studies in Freely Moving Rodents

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Positron emission tomography studies in drug-addicted patients have shown that exposure to drug-related cues increases striatal dopamine, which displaces binding of the D 2 ligand, [ 11 C]-raclopride. However, it is not known if animals will also show cue-induced displacement of [ 11 C]-raclopride binding. In this study, we use [ 11 C]-raclopride imaging in awake rodents to capture cue-induced changes in dopamine release associated with the conditioned place preference model of drug craving. Ten animals were conditioned to receive cocaine in a contextually distinct environment from where they received saline. Following conditioning, each animal was tested for preference and then received two separate [ 11 C]-raclopride scans. For each scan, animals were confined to the cocaine and/or the saline-paired environment for the first 25 min of uptake, after which they were anesthetized and scanned. [ 11 C]-raclopride uptake in the saline-paired environment served as a within-animal control for uptake in the cocaine-paired environment. Cocaine produced a significant place preference ( p = 0.004) and exposure to the cocaine-paired environment decreased [ 11 C]-raclopride binding relative to the saline-paired environment in both the dorsal (20%; p < 0.002) and ventral striatum (22%; p < 0.05). The change in [ 11 C]-raclopride binding correlated with preference in the ventral striatum ( R 2 = −0.87; p = 0.003). In this region, animals who showed little or no preference exhibited little or no change in [ 11 C]-raclopride binding in the cocaine-paired environment. This noninvasive procedure of monitoring neurochemical events in freely moving, behaving animals advances preclinical molecular imaging by interrogating the degree to which animal models reflect the human condition on multiple dimensions, both biological and behavioral.
Studies on laser surface melting of Al-11% Si alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In the present investigation the effect of laser surface melting on wear and corrosion resistance of Al-11 wt.% Si alloy has been investigated. Laser surface melting has been carried out using a 2 kW continuous wave CO2 laser at an applied power of 2.3 kW and scan speed ranging from 6 to 12 mm/min. Following the laser surface melting, a detailed investigation of the melted zone in terms of microstructure, composition and phases were undertaken. Mechanical properties of the melted zone were evaluated so far as the microhardness and wear resistance were concerned. The corro-sion behaviour of the as-received and the laser surface melted surface was evaluated in 1(M) H2SO4, 1(M) HNO3 and 3.56 wt.% NaCl solutions. The microstructure of the melt zone consists of grain refinedAl andAl-Si eutec-tic colonies which results in an improved microhardness from 87 VHN as compared to 55 VHN of the as-received Al-Si alloy. The wear resistance of the melt surface was improved significantly as compared to the as-received Al-Si alloy. A detailed corrosion study in various environments showed that corrosion resistance was marginally less in the 3.56 wt.% NaCl and 1 M H2SO4 solutions, but was better in the 1 M HNO3 solution.
QoE-Driven Uplink Scheduling for Haptic Communications Over 5G Enabled Tactile Internet

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the advent of 5G enabled Tactile Internet, wireless teleoperation systems with haptic feedback have attracted significant attentions in the communication society. One of the main challenges in this context is how to gain the maximum overall Quality of Experience (QoE) for teleoperation sessions sharing the same communication network. In the presence of communication delay, these teleoperation sessions use different control schemes to stabilize the remote interaction. These control schemes come with different trade offs concerning the required communication resources and the resulting QoE. Furthermore, their performance strongly depends on the actual network delay. In this paper, we focus on two typical control schemes: (1) teleoperation with the time-domain passivity approach (TDPA); (2) model-mediated teleoperation (MMT). We first study the human operator's QoE characteristic with respect to different control schemes and different round-trip delay settings. Based on this QoE-delay model, we propose a new uplink scheduling algorithm for haptic communication over 5G networks aiming at maximizing the total QoE of teleoperation sessions sharing the same radio resources. Simulation results confirm the efficiency of the nronosed scheduler.
Detailing and Annotations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Construction details and annotations are the core elements used within a building information modelling (BIM) project to transform it from a three-dimensional model to a two-dimensional set of drawings. The assembly of all drawings used on a given project is referred to as the plans. Drawings were provided to convey design intent of the overall project, while specifications provided the accurate detail information and the requirements for the performance of the project and its specific components. Details are often created or imported from traditional CAD software and enhance the actual appearance of connections, transitions, and terminations within section views. The graphics associated with details and annotations are very simple in nature. Based on the countless combinations of construction coupled with constant innovation within the building products industry, the use of two-dimensional details within drawing sheets will likely be with us for some time.