jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Copper-Mediated Trifluoromethylation–Allylation of Arynes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An unprecedented three-component copper-mediated vicinal trifluoromethylation-allylation of arynes is described. A wide range of structurally diverse trifluoromethylated allylarenes can be quickly assembled in one step. The application of the method has been demonstrated in the expedient synthesis of the CF3-containing analogue of the antispasmodic drug papaverine. The new reactivity of the [CuCF3] reagent, which is generated from the inexpensive industrial byproduct fluoroform, is revealed with unique advantages.
Spotlight on Jails: COVID-19 Mitigation Policies Needed Now

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To the Editor—In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare institutions and public health experts are mobilizing to develop mitigation protocols based on the experiences of other countries, including China, South Korea, and Italy. Compared to these countries, the United States has a higher incarceration rate, with 10.6 million people booked into jails each year. Jails pose a unique set of challenges to COVID-19 prevention, detection, and management mitigation that deserves immediate attention.
Rural Health, Center of Excellence for Remote and Medically Under-served Area (CERMUSA)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract : Appropriate healthcare services remain a major challenge for rural America. Underdeveloped infrastructure and lack of well qualified healthcare providers including specialists remain the major root causes. Factors such as geography and race contribute to the disparities in proper and adequate medical services. A number of rural hospitals have been operating without modern facilities. Less than 10% of the country's physicians and specialists practice in rural areas. The spending on Medicare and Medicaid services which has increased from $370 billion in 2001 to $477 billion in 2004 is the living testimony in support of high cost of medical services. It is clear that spending more money is not enough to solve all the healthcare problems. The lack of good healthcare systems is impeding their economic growth. Thus rural regions continue to face unprecedented and great challenges. For the past eight years, CERMUSA through its initiatives has been helping the rural hospitals to establish an infrastructure to enable them to provide modern care and education to their clients, employees, and healthcare professionals. It is helping them to generate a network of healthcare providers to fulfill the unmet need of a robust and vibrant healthcare center in remote and rural western Pennsylvania.
Measurement of Temperature of Casting Surface in Casting Process Using Infrared Temperature Measurement Technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

By using an infrared temperature measurement technology and combining conduction with convection,a method to reversely calculate the solidification temperature of a casting part according to its surface temperature measured in the casting process is proposed.It is verified that the method can give a more accurate quantitative detection result from the surface temperature of the casting part in its casting process.The actual test result shows that this method is feasible.In addition,it can reversely calculate the surface temperature of different casting parts during casting by writing a simple program and inputting the specific parameters of different parts.So,this method can be used in the production of casting.
Ultrasonographic Halo Score in giant cell arteritis: association with intimal hyperplasia and ischaemic sight loss

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives We investigated the relationship between the ultrasonographic Halo Score and temporal artery biopsy (TAB) findings in GCA. Methods This is a prospective study including 90 patients suspected of having GCA. Ultrasonography of temporal/axillary arteries and a TAB were obtained in all patients at baseline. An experienced pathologist evaluated whether TAB findings were consistent with GCA, and whether transmural inflammation, giant cells and intimal hyperplasia were present. Ultrasonographic Halo Scores were determined. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed. Results Twenty-seven patients had a positive TAB, while 32 patients with a negative TAB received a clinical diagnosis of GCA after 6 months of follow-up. Patients with a positive TAB showed higher Halo Scores than patients with a negative TAB. The presence of intimal hyperplasia in the biopsy, rather than the presence of transmural inflammation or giant cells, was associated with elevated Halo Scores in patients with GCA. The Halo Score discriminated well between TAB-positive patients with and without intimal hyperplasia, as indicated by an area under the curve of 0.82 in the receiver operating characteristic analysis. Patients with a positive TAB and intimal hyperplasia more frequently presented with ocular ischaemia (40%) than the other patients with GCA (13–14%). Conclusion The ultrasonographic Halo Score may help to identify a subset of GCA patients with intimal hyperplasia, a TAB feature associated with ischaemic sight loss.
Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Herringbone Gear Transmission System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A herringbone gear transmission system is taken as the research object. A method of gear system-level modeling and simulation analysis is proposed. Based on the finite element node method，a dynamic model considering rigid rotor-shaft-bearing and the meshing of gears is established. Then the resonance speed of the system is analyzed and the result is compared with the experimental data to verify the reliability and limitations of the finite element node model. Then a 3D finite element model used for natural frequency calculation and vibration mode analysis is established. The modeling of gear meshing is used in finite element node method. Finally，combined with the modal analysis and response analysis，the theoretical analysis is compared with the experimental data. And the cause of experimental resonance is determined and resonance localization is realized，which provides direction for decreasing the vibration amplitude and avoiding the vibration.
Ryles tube-guided difficult nasal intubation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rationale: Nasal intubation is an inevitable procedure in head and neck and oral cavity surgeries. Most of these patients usually present with distorted oral and nasal anatomy. Patient Concerns: The distorted anatomy in these patients makes their airway difficult and there are high chances of nasal bleed while securing the airway nasally. Diagnosis: Ryle's tube guided nasal intubation in a patient with temporomandibular joint derangement posted for bilateral temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis. Interventions: After induction of anaesthesia, we faced difficulty in passing North Pole tube via nasal passage, hence we rail roaded the North Pole tube over a Ryle's tube and successfully secured the airway. Outcomes: This innovative method helped us to secure the airway in this patient. Lessons: This simple technique of using a Ryle's tube as an aid for nasal intubation provides an alternate technique for difficult nasal intubation. Although it may not be the first choice for nasal intubation, this technique can be used as an alternative method in case, the tube could not be negotiated through the nasal passage.
[O.15 mg Intrathecal buprenorphine applied for postoperative analgesia. A clinical double-blind study].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a double-blind, randomized study of 29 patients who underwent orthopedic procedures we studied the additional effect of intrathecal buprenorphine on isobaricpinal anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. The injections were 20 mg tetracaine (19 patients) or 20 mg tetracaine plus 0.15 mg buprenorphine (10 patients). In both groups the drugs were contained within a total volume of 4 ml cerebrospinal fluid. Progression and regression of the sensory blockade of spinal anesthesia were estimated with pinprick; the motor blockade was judged by the Bromage scheme. Postoperative pain was evaluated by the patients using an analogue scale after Scott and Huskisson. Arterial blood gases, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured and other side-effects determined. Both groups were comparable in age, body weight, height and duration of operation (Table 1). The addition of buprenorphine elevated the sensory blockade by three segments both during spread and regression of anesthesia (Figs. 1, 2). Postoperative analgesia was better up to 8 h after injection (p less than 0.05), after 8 h pain levels were equal in test and control groups (Fig. 3). After buprenorphine patients became aware of pain sensation 13 h after injection; in the control group the pain-free interval lasted only 9 h (p greater than 0.05). There were no differences in the need for postoperative analgesics between both groups. The respiratory rate was lower during the whole period of observation (p less than 0.05). The mean values for PaCO2, pH and BE were similar in both groups (Fig. 4). PaO2 was elevated in the buprenorphine group. There was no essential alteration of blood pressure after buprenorphine. The pulse rate, however, was slightly diminished.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Magnetic Anisotropy of Suppttered Co-Cr Thin Films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Co-Cr and Co-Cr-W films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering on PET film. The dependence of the magnetic anisotropy constants K u1 and K u2 on the film thickness was determined from torque curve measurements. When the film thickness is thin, the K u1 is very small, and it increases rapidly as the film thickness increases. On the other hand, the K u2 is extremely large for thin films, but drops rapidly with increasing film thickness, approaching a nearly constant value. The ratio K u1 /K u2 is not constant. The dependences of ø 2 and ø 4 , the tilt angles of the easy magnetization axis from the film normal for K u1 and K u2 , on the film thickness were measured. The value of ø 2 was not equal to that of ø 4 . These results suggest that there is another fourfold symmetry besides that of the uniaxial anisotropy.
[Individual characteristics of the shape and structure of the nasopharynx related to structural characteristics of the base of the skull and facial skeleton in children].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Examination of 60 skulls of the children aged 1 to 16 years has established that the size of the choanae determines width and height of the nasopharynx while width of the choanae correlates (r=0.8) with the distance between the inferior turbinated bones. There is also a significant correlation between the shape of the facial vault and the vault flexure.
Systemic Senses of Self*

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

An effort is made to extend the scope of the general theory of action to encompass some of the major dimensions of the individual's structure of self‐conceptions. This is attempted through formulation of four subjective “senses of self,” one corresponding to each of the functional problems held in action theory to be essential features of all systems. The senses of competence, self‐determination, unity, and moral worth are offered as the individual's subjective interpretations of his standing in relation to his objective problems of adaptation, goal‐attainment, integration, and pattern‐maintenance. It is argued that these four senses subsume and organize many important but scattered themes in the literature of self theory and general symbolic interactionism. Operational, procedures are offered with which these senses may be assessed in empirical research, and some illustrative outcomes are presented from the author's longitudinal study of self‐conception changes over the course of retirement. The discussion also touches upon some of the methodological problems encountered in attempting to establish the empirical validation for this kind of theoretical extension.
Digital learning innovation and practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The ways in which services are delivered is changing and the social work workforce will have to evidence their competence in the use of existing and emerging technologies aimed at improving outcomes for service users. This is cognisant with Ulster’s Student Learning Experience Principles (2016) integrating Digital Fluency which seeks to ‘Provide opportunities for learners to enhance and apply their digital skills for learning, living and working in a digital society’.This presentation introduces electronic management of assessment and explores the range of digital technologies which the social work team at Ulster University are engaging with to enhance the student learning and teaching experience.
Education Services for Youth with Disabilities in A State-Operated Juvenile Correctional System

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many youths in juvenile correctional facilities who are eligible for special education services do not receive them. Youths who do receive services often do not receive them in a timely manner, and the quality of services is often substandard when compared to public school programs. The research reported here was collected as part of the “discovery” phase of a lawsuit brought against a state system of juvenile services. The case study focused on procedural and substantive aspects of special education services for students with disabilities. In addition to describing specific practices, the research examined the “infrastructure” supporting appropriate educational services in juvenile corrections. Findings suggest that some students with disabilities received education, but few received related services. There were lengthy delays in obtaining students' records from prior school programs, and no system of referral existed for students suspected of having disabilities. Students enrolled in special education programs, as well as those with potential mental health problems and mental retardation, received a disproportionate number of disciplinary actions and spent a disproportionate amount of time in confinement. Implications are discussed.
Chemical and Nutritional Studies on Sesamum indicum - I. Effects on the Quality of Sesame Oil and its Meal by Decortication -

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, the several chemical compositions, which include general components (moisture, fat, protein, sugar, fiber, ash, acid insoluble ash), minor components (sesamol, sesamolin, sesamin), the characteristics of oil (specific gravity, refractive index, iodine value, saponification value, unsaponificable matter, insoluble impurities), fatty acid components (analyzed by GLC), amino acid patterns (analyzed by autoanalyzer), of Korean whole white Sesamum indicum were investigated and were compared with decuticled sesame samples. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The crude fiber, total ash and acid insoluble ash contents of the decuticled sesame seed and it meal were significantly lower as compared to the whole sesame samples. 2) The specific gravity, refractive index, iodine value, unsaponificable matter and insoluble impurities contents of the whole sesame oil were greater than the decuticled samples. 3) The fatty acid contents of the whole and decuticled sesame oil were approximatly equal amounts. But unsaturated fatty acid contents of the decuticled sesame oil was significantly lower than the whole sesame oil. 4) The decuticled sasame meal was concentrated higher protein than the whole sasame meal. But amino acid contents of the protein in their was approximatly equal amounts and sesame proteins are found to be rich in methionine, cystine and tryptophan, they are deficient in lysine. 5) The sesamol, sesamolin and sesamin contents of the whole and decuticled sesame oil were approximatly equal amounts. 6) The oxalate and calcium contents of the decuticled sesame seed and its meal were also significantly lower as compared to the whole sesame samples.
An examination of the relationship between professional learning community variables and teacher self-efficacy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

High levels of teacher self-efficacy have repeatedly been identified as a key attribute of effective teachers. The problems addressed by this study stem from the lack of research regarding the potential relationships between teachers' self-efficacy and professional learning community (PLC) variables. Uncovering these relationships could potentially have many implications for University curriculum and the planning of professional growth opportunities for teachers. This study explored the predictive capacity of the six pillars of professional learning community in relation to participating Ontario teachers' self-efficacy, measured through their Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scores (TSES). Correlation analyses and multiple regression analyses suggested that professional learning community variables related significantly with levels of teacher self-efficacy. Shared and Supportive Leadership and Supportive Conditions: Structures appeared to be two components of effective PLCs that correlated significantly with teacher self-efficacy. These results prompted additional, more focused exploration of the specific characteristics and conditions that exist within school PLCs that are associated with elevated teacher self-efficacy. Correlation analysis results were further considered in order to identify areas that required further examination. ANOVAs were conducted to explore the relationship between various PLC characteristics and conditions and teacher self-efficacy. In addition, a factor analysis pointed to three key factors that link professional learning communities to teacher self-efficacy. The findings of this study suggest that implementing a shared leadership approach and embedding facilitative structures that promote collaborative learning could increase teacher self-efficacy. In addition, administrators might consider providing teachers with the necessary supports so that they are empowered to work autonomously. Remaining vigilant in clearly focusing learning community meetings on the professional learning of the participants and incorporating coaching practices along with other structures to enrich teacher dialogue are also explored.
Virtual histology laboratory with an interactive tutorial feature: transitioning into the future of histology education (725.11)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objective of the project was to create a beta version of a virtual histology laboratory website incorporating an interactive tutorial feature that can effectively simulate an in‐class interaction with an expert. Although many virtual histology laboratories already exist and have shown their effectiveness in reducing cost and space while increasing instructional efficiency, few can be classified as a successful stand‐alone learning tool. Learning histology requires pattern recognition skills acquired through hands‐on, instructional sessions conducted by an expert identifying key structures, quizzing students and providing feedback. The interactive tutorial feature simulates this expert interaction through an overlay of annotated identification markers on characteristic histological structures and self‐assessment tool which provides instant feedback at a click of a button. This innovative add‐on feature to the virtual histology laboratory is expected to help students obtain mastery in histological pattern‐recognition on their own, and be less dependent of an expert’s presence. A beta version of the website will be available for exploration of its features and effectiveness as a stand‐alone learning tool.
A High-Energy-Density Magnesium-Air Battery with Nanostructured Polymeric Electrodes

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The greenhouse emissions are biggest challenge of the present era. The renewable power sources are required to have characteristics of good charge capacity, energy density with proven charging discharging cycles for energy storage and applications. Mg-air batteries (MABs) are an alternative renewable power source due to their inexpensive cost. In particular, the previous reports presented the metal-air battery structure, with a specific energy overall output of 765 W h kg−1. This paper is focused mainly on the MAB, which employed nanocomposite polymeric electrodes with a proven energy density of 545 W h kg−1 and a charge capacity of 817 mA h g−1 when electrolyzed at a cycling current density of 7 mA cm−2.
Problems and prospects of Siberian inland territories’ development in the context of Russian marine economic activity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Russian Scientific Foundation (Project No. 19-18-00005, “Eurasian Vectors of marine economic activity in Russia: regional economic projections”); Russian Academy of Sciences (Project No. IG RAS 0148-2019-0008, “Problems and prospects of territorial development of Russia in the conditions of its unevenness and global instability”).
Factors influencing the gross energy content of grass silage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The gross energy (GE) of a feed represents its total energy content and is measured by burning the material in an atmosphere of oxygen in a bomb calorimeter. The GE of many feeds is often taken to be 18.4 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) (MAFF et al, 1984). This assumption is likely to be doubtful for feeds which are for example high in lipid or which contain products of fermentation. The gross energy content of grass silages in particular has recently been reviewed by Edwards (1986). The GE content of grass silage can account for some 50% of the variability in metabolisable energy (ME). It is however ignored in present laboratory methods used for the prediction of ME which largely depend on using fibre fractions (Givens, 1986) which are more closely related to digestibility. This paper presents the results of GE determinations made on 109 grass silages made in clamps and since GE cannot be measured routinely, examines a number of factors which may be helpful in its prediction.
Compared Influence of a Lubricant on Mode I and Mode II Fatigue Crack Growth Kinetics in a Gear Steel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The influence of a helicopter gearbox lubricant on Mode I or Mode II fatigue crack growth in 16NCD13 steel was characterized through tests performed on single‐edge notched tensile samples loaded in tension–compression and on cruciform samples submitted to reversed shear plus static biaxial compression, respectively. In Mode I, the lubricant reduced the growth rate at low Δ K I and increased the threshold , while in Mode II, it accelerated crack growth at low Δ K II effective , which was not only due to a reduction in crack face friction. The upward convective flow of lubricant carrying debris exuding from the crack, a modification in oil aspect and properties, and chemical analyses near the crack front suggest that a temperature‐induced degradation of the lubricant leads to a corrosive attack of the metal, which accelerates crack growth. A tribologically transformed structure is observed along the lips of cracks grown in Mode II with normal compression in oil.