jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of a new calcium entry blocking agent, KB-944, on the membrane potential and currents of mammalian ventricular muscle cells.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

KB-944 (10(-5)-10(-4) M) decreased the action potential duration measured at 30% repolarization and hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential in ventricular trabeculae of the dog heart. In single ventricular cells of the guinea-pig heart, KB-944 (10(-4) M) abolished the slow inward current and produced an outward shift of the late current measured at the end of 200 msec clamp pulse. From these results it appears that KB-944 selectively blocks the slow inward current and may increase the background potassium conductance.
Nietzsche, La Mettrie, and the Question of the Legitimacy of Punishment: A Hidden Source?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900), starting from the years of "Human, All Too Human" \n("Menschliches Allzumenschliches": 1876-1878) elaborates a conception of punishment based \non an organic reflection on the origin of morality, the function of custom, the critique of \nremorse and the origin of justice, a reflection that then finds a definitive reworking at \nthe time of "On the Genealogy of Morality" ("Zur Genealogie der Moral": 1887). About one \nhundred and thirty years earlier, in his "Discourse on Happiness" ("Discours sur le bonheur": \n1748-1751), Julien Offray de La Mettrie (1709-1751) had elaborated a conception of \npunishment with several analogous lines. Starting from this theoretical coincidence, in \nthis article we ask ourselves: did Nietzsche know the theories of La Mettrie? Had he \nread his works? Do the two philosophers really support the same theories? To try to give \nan answer to these questions, we will first present the doctrine of La Mettrie and then \nthat of Nietzsche, before presenting a final balance sheet of the survey.
[Quantifying dyspnea].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several methods have been proposed in the recent years to quantitate dyspnoea in healthy subjects or patients. Dyspnoea can be serially assessed on exercise, using either a visual analogue scale or a Borg scale, and is usually analyzed in relation to ventilation, which defines a dyspnoea threshold and a dyspnoea/ventilation slope. Inhaled bronchodilators, oral morphine, continuous (or inspiratory) positive airway pressure or respiratory rehabilitation programmes are able to decrease the dyspnoea/ventilation slope in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, while atenolol and pneumectomy have a deleterious effect. Measurement of dyspnoea in everyday life is feasible using the oxygen cost diagram or the baseline dyspnoea index; these indices are responsive to therapy, e.g. to oral theophylline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Dyspnoea measured at rest is a marker for evaluating the perception of added loads (open scale) or acute bronchoconstriction in normals or patients; in the latter it may also reflect the perception of the degree in baseline ventilatory impairment or that of acute bronchodilation (bipolar visual analogue scale). Some respiratory patients being poor perceivers, methods able to improve the perception of airway obstruction are desirable in these individuals.
Empowering Technology Enabled Care Using <italic>IoT</italic> and Smart Devices: A Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Designing power aware wearable devices is the main key in building compact size autonomous smart devices to successfully connect health Internet of things solutions. With their ability to perform tasks ranging from simple self-monitoring to complex interactive tasks, these devices hold great promises in providing a large scale cost effective solution to the challenges facing nowadays healthcare systems. Despite the advances in sensing and hardware design, there still remain several technical challenges facing the research community to build devices that meet the computational requirements with a self-powered capability. Overcoming these challenges require major improvements in all the building blocks of wearable devices including sensors, power management, signal processing, computing architectures, and communication. This paper surveys some of the past milestones related to these subsystems and discusses promising research directions addressing their limitations. - 2001-2012 IEEE.
Analysis of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Quality Due to the Construction of the Miftahun Najah Islamic Boarding School

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Air pollution comes from construction activities in the development of educational infrastructure buildings because it has an impact on changes in green open space and an increase in air pollution, especially Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions in the air. The contribution of increasing CO2 and CO emissions can be sourced from all activities of workers who use energy such as procurement of building materials, use of transportation fuels, electricity use activities, and LPG use activities. Carbon footprint is a measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that come from activities or accumulations from daily activities. This study aims to determine the amount of carbon Monoxide (CO) and CO2 emissions as indicators of air quality at the Miftahun Najah Islamic Boarding School. Measurement of Carbon Monoxide (CO) parameters was carried out for one week with 7 samplings in the morning and samplings in the afternoon in situ. Measurements using the Lutron GCO-2008 CO meter and carbon footprint calculations using the IPCC 2006 method. The measurement results were obtained in the afternoon with a total of 9,926 mg/Nm3 and the lowest in the morning was 1,102 mg/Nm3. Air temperature in the morning to evening ranged from 29oC – 36oC. The results showed that the concentration of Carbon Monoxide in the development of Islamic boarding school buildings was still below the quality standards set according to Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, namely10,000 μg / Nm3.
PJ view: Time for a conversation in pharmacy about genomic medicine

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Healthcare systems are on the cusp of a genomic revolution, which has the potential to dismantle current ways of diagnosing and treating diseases. We already have some incredibly clever medicines licensed in the UK that harness genetic information, such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy to treat adults with lymphoma and onasemnogene abeparvovec (Zolgensma; […]
The Expression of microRNAs and Their Involvement in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss refers to the spontaneous demise of two or more pregnancies before the 24 weeks of gestation. In almost half of the cases of recurrent miscarriages, the causes remain unknown since there is no reliable way of prognosis, early diagnosis, or treatment. Recent research has detected differential expression of certain miRNAs in reproductive system pathologies. Methods: The aim of the present review is to focus on microRNAs and their relationship with idiopathic recurrent miscarriages and to correlate miRNA expression with recurrent miscarriage and examine their potential role as biomarkers. Pubmed/Medline and Scopus databases were searched up to 31st January 2024 with terms related to recurrent pregnancy loss and miRNAs. Results: In total, 21 studies were selected for the review. A total of 75 different miRNAs were identified, showing a statistically significant differential expression. Around 40 miRNAs had increased expression, such as miR-520, miR-184 and miR-100-5p, 21 decreased, such as let-7c, and 14 had either increased or decreased expression depending on the study, such as miR-21. Conclusions: The dysregulation of miRNA expression is strongly associated with recurrent miscarriages. The circulating in the peripheral blood miRNAs, miR-100-5p and let-7c, might be utilized as biomarkers and establish a valuable non-invasive prognostic and diagnostic tool in the future.
Ammonia and Methanol as Energy Carriers Towards 2060 The Long-Term Plan Strategy: A Comparative Perspective of China and Indonesia Cases

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this paper was to review China’s long-term carbon neutral 2060 policy and to compare with Indonesia’s case in term of energy carriers such as Ammonia and Methanol. Topics regarding China and Indonesia's long-term carbon neutral 2060 policy and strategy are important to be discussed because it will open up issues related to the role of primary energy, chemical-energy nexus and the blue energy economy supported by technology innovation, and political will. The energy-chemical nexus on the background of the Ammonia & Methanol industries are the largest sources of CO2 emissions in China, so it will contribute significantly to emission reductions from the energy transition to carbon neutral energy. From the efforts made by China, it can provide information and considerations to Indonesian policy makers and researchers on their efforts regarding resource management optimization to reconcile the tradeoffs on resources protection and development of socioeconomic as well as to ensure a sustainable system.ABSTRAKTujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk meninjau kebijakan netral karbon jangka panjang Tiongkok 2060 dan membandingkan dengan kasus Indonesia dalam hal pembawa energi seperti Amoniak dan Metanol. Topik mengenai kebijakan dan strategi jangka panjang karbon netral 2060 Tiongkok dan Indonesia penting untuk dibahas karena akan mengangkat isu terkait peran energi primer, perhubungan energi kimia dan ekonomi energi biru yang didukung oleh inovasi teknologi, dan kemauan politik. Hubungan energi-kimia di latarbelakangi industri Amoniak & Metanol adalah sumber emisi CO2 terbesar di Tiongkok, sehingga akan berkontribusi signifikan terhadap pengurangan emisi dari transisi energi ke energi netral karbon. Dari upaya yang dilakukan oleh Tiongkok, dapat memberikan informasi dan pertimbangan kepada pembuat kebijakan dan peneliti Indonesia tentang upaya mereka mengenai optimalisasi pengelolaan sumber daya untuk mempertemukan timbal balik perlindungan sumber daya dan pengembangan sosial ekonomi serta untuk memastikan sistem yang berkelanjutan.
Successful defibrillation general practice.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

the limits of their own recognised competence in both diagnosis and treatment, but I think that Dr Waxman's use of the term "lay" is ambiguous.While "lay" originally meant "non-clerical," it is now sometimes understood to mean "non-medical," and hence his reference to "lay therapists'' in the first paragraph of his letter is perhaps misleading.The fact that his own society is helping to give training in hypnosis to professionals who are neither medically nor dentally qualified should make clear the recognised status of hypnosis in therapy today.
The Chemistry of Griseofulvin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Specific synthetic routes are presented in schemes to illustrate the chemistry, and the analogs are presented in a table format to give an accessible overview of the structures. Several patents have been published regarding the properties of griseofulvin and its derivatives including synthesis, formulation, and their medicinal and agricultural applications. The antifungal mode-of-action of griseofulvin has been the subject of considerable research efforts and some debate over the years, a discussion that is still ongoing. Griseofulvin was one of the first antifungal natural products found in filamentous fungi. During the years, this polyketide has been found to be produced by several Ascomycetes including both closely and distantly related species.
Coverage along the genome for samples sequenced in other laboratories.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Data by the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium were downloaded from ENA archive project PRJEB37886 (<a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB37886" target="_blank">https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB37886</a>) on August 4, 2021. Two centers within this project, namely the University of Exeter and the University of Cambridge, submitted a large number of samples amplified with 400-bp primer sets and sequenced by MinION sequencer (828 and 231 samples, respectively). Samples were grouped by submission dates and we randomly selected ten samples from submission dates with a large number of samples. We have sampled 20-Mbp of reads from each sample and aligned them to the reference. The plots show the coverage along the genome as in <b><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0259277#pone.0259277.g004" target="_blank">Fig 4</a></b> and <b><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0259277#pone.0259277.s003" target="_blank">S2 Fig</a></b>. Only 15-Mbp were used for sample ERR4671239 as more data was not available. Note that the downloaded reads are already filtered by barcode, size and are all alignable to the reference. In our 400-bp samples shown in <b><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0259277#pone.0259277.g004" target="_blank">Fig 4</a></b> and <b><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0259277#pone.0259277.s003" target="_blank">S2 Fig</a></b> each barcode has a different amount of data aligned due to differences in the quality of individual samples in the run, but the median is 18-Mbp, which is a value similar to the 20-Mbp cutoff used here.</p> <p>(PDF)</p>
Data and code for Renier et al. "Transparency, Traceability And Deforestation In The Ivorian Cocoa Supply Chain"

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Data and code required to reproduce figures and stats quoted in Renier C, Vandromme M, Meyfroidt P, Ribeiro V, Kalischek N, zu Ermgassen E K H J 2023. Transparency, traceability and deforestation in the Ivorian cocoa supply chain. Envir. Res. Let. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acad8e These data refer to SEI-PCS Côte d’Ivoire Cocoa v1.1.0 Find assets required for the GEE scripts at : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7586257
On Missing Attributes in Access Control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) is becoming the reference model for the specification and evaluation of access control policies. In ABAC policies and access requests are defined in terms of pairs attribute names/values. The applicability of an ABAC policy to a request is determined by matching the attributes in the request with the attributes in the policy. Some languages supporting ABAC, such as PTaCL or XACML 3.0, take into account the possibility that some attributes values might not be correctly retrieved when the request is evaluated, and use complex decisions, usually describing all possible evaluation outcomes, to account for missing attributes. In this paper, we argue that the problem of missing attributes in ABAC can be seen as a non-deterministic attribute retrieval process, and we show that the current evaluation mechanism in PTaCL or XACML can return a complex decision that does not necessarily match with the actual possible outcomes. This, however, is problematic for the enforcing mechanism, which needs to resolve the complex decision into a conclusive one. We propose a new evaluation mechanism, explicitly based on non-deterministic attribute retrieval for a given request. We extend this mechanism to probabilistic attribute retrieval and implement a probabilistic policy evaluation mechanism for PTaCL in PRISM, a probabilistic model-checker.
Keyword programming for TouchDevelop

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This video demo features a new keyword programming environment for TouchDevelop, a popular touch-centric system for scripting mobile devices. The new environment allows users to simply enter a set of keywords, and its internal program synthesis engine automatically generates script snippets that most likely reflect the users' intent. Because the synthesis engine can be triggered anywhere in a script, it also exploits various contextual information, such as which variables/functions are in-scope, to guide the generation of snippets. Our new environment benefit both novice and experienced TouchDevelop users. It helps novice users to synthesize script snippets from keywords and explore unfamiliar TouchDevelop features. It also improves experienced users' productivity because they need to worry about fewer coding details and enter less code. The demoed feature has been released and deployed since TouchDevelop version 2.10.
European Public Health Association President’s column Violence and injury

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

perspective In the world, more than 1.6 million people die by violence every year. No single factor explains why someone behaves in a violent manner. Violence is a complex problem rooted in the inter-action of many factors: psychological, biological, social, cultural, economic and political. Times of change, frustration and conflict are breeding grounds for vio-lence, bringing with it a range of health problems like depression, anxiety, suicidal behaviour, alcohol abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder. The individuals, families and commu-
Patient safety: a global priority.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Patient safety is a global imperative. It has extensive implications for all WHO Member States, for all health-care workers--and for all of us when we become patients. We already know that about 10% of people who receive health care in industrialized countries will suffer because of preventable harm and adverse events (1-5). By 2006 we expect to have a greater understanding of the nature and scale of the problem in developing countries and countries in economic transition. Early indications from a pilot study being carried out suggest that the figure will be significantly higher. Recent WHO data suggest that developing countries account for around 77% of all reported cases of counterfeit or substandard drugs (6). It is also reported that at least half of all medical equipment in many of these countries is unusable or only partly usable, resulting in an increased risk of harm to patients and health workers (7). Adverse events occur in all settings where health care is provided. Most of the current evidence comes from hospitals because risks associated with hospital treatment are higher but many such events occur in other health-care settings such as physicians' offices, nursing homes, pharmacies, community clinics and patients' homes. Every point in the process of caregiving contains an inherent lack of safety. Adverse events may therefore be the result of problems in practice, products, procedures or systems. Current conceptual thinking on the safety of patients places the prime responsibility for adverse events on deficiencies in system design, organization and operation rather than on individual practitioners or products. For those who work on systems, adverse events are shaped and provoked by upstream systemic factors, which include the particular organization's strategy, culture, working practices, approach to quality management, risk prevention and capacity for learning from failures. Countermeasures based on changes in the system are, therefore, more productive than those that target the behaviour of individuals and their propensity to commit errors. In 2002 WHO acknowledged that, to tackle patient safety internationally, a comprehensive, multifaceted approach involving cultural change, system development and technical expertise was necessary. The Fifty-fifth World Health Assembly called upon all Member States to take action in relation to patient safety (8), following which WHO established a number of work programmes tackling systemic issues such as taxonomy, estimating hazards and the development of reporting and learning systems. The Organization also brought together its technical experts dealing with the safety of blood, injections, vaccines, drugs and medicines, pregnancy procedures and medical devices so that their individual expertise could be harnessed to find global solutions. …
Some genetic markers in tribals of Eastern India.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A total of 204 members belonging to two ethnologically distinct tribal groups in the same area, the Santal and the Bhumij, from the Midnapore district of West Bengal have been tested for polymorphisms of serum proteins, enzymes and haemoglobin. Low chi 2 value indicates the absence of any significant genetical difference between these two tribes, in respect of their total protein patterns and Hb, Tf, Hp, Lp, LDH, ABO and Rh systems. An interesting observation was the presence of an aberrant transferrin type. A single case of phenylketonuria showed low elevation of phenylalanine.
Innovative Practices in Teaching Entrepreneurship

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A stronger focus on entrepreneurship could be a smart strategy for countries that wish to successfully compete in a global market based on knowledge, innovation, and creativity. Higher education institutions are expected to be closer to society as well as to their stakeholders, which means not only that they are able to fulfil their traditional teaching and research mission, but also to trigger tactics and actions that promote solutions with high added value. In fact, new challenges arise, new responses are needed, and innovative approaches are required. This study presents a case study, an innovative co-creation model (students, facilitators, and companies) carried out by the Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, in Portugal, with its teachers and students, from all study cycles. The results point to the creation of a transformative mindset, based on knowledge and attitudes towards a holistic and sustainability-oriented style.
Bottling Pinter: the Making of the 2002 Pinter at the BBC Season

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 2002, the BBC mounted an extensive retrospective of Harold Pinter’s life across radio, television and online platforms. It comprised more than 30 different elements: archive recordings, feature films, compilations of revue sketches, and a selection of plays newly recorded on stage. The season was the work of the team behind the long-running arts strand Arena (BBC2/4, 1975–present), who provided as its centrepiece a two-hour documentary profile of the playwright. This was directed by Nigel Williams, produced by Martin Rosenbaum and executive produced by Arena series editor Anthony Wall. At the international conference on Pinter on Film, Television and Radio, the first day of which was held at the University of Reading on 19 September 2018, independent scholar Ian Greaves chaired a practitioners’ panel with Rosenbaum and Wall, in which the production and impact of this landmark season was discussed in detail. This article provides an edited version of that conversation, enhanced with additional interview material and a wealth of production paperwork. Pinter’s five-decade relationship with television is set out, in particular his understanding of the direct and powerful communication it can provide between writer and audience. Themes of representation and media engagement, and tensions between a strong authorial voice and the inevitable mediation of a documentary profile, are explored.