jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Weyl fermions in cylindrical wires

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The key feature of Weyl semimetals (WSM) is the presence of topologically protected Dirac cones in a 3D material. We consider the effect of restricting geometry on the spectrum of excitations in WSM using as a model a cylindrical WSM wire. For the full manifold of hard boundary conditions, we derive the general form of the dispersion equation relating the energy of the excitations and their momentum along the wire. We show that only the special class of boundary conditions, corresponding to decoupled helicities or, equivalently, to pinned directions of the electron spin on the surface, support massless excitations. For a general boundary condition, these excitations acquire mass inversely proportional to the radius of the wire. This demonstrates that boundary phenomena may play a crucial role in formation of excitations in WSM based structures.
WITHDRAWN: Isoflavone as a Mainstream Menopausal Symptom Therapy: A Systematic Review to Unravel Ambiguities and Overcoming Challenges for Wider Acceptance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has beenwithdrawn from the journal Current Women's Health Reviews.</p><p>Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.</p><p>The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php</p><p>Bentham Science Disclaimer:</p><p>It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneouslysubmitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewheremust be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submittingthe article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against theauthors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyrightof their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.</p>
Fattening Up Foucault: A ‘Fat’ Counter-Aesthetic?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

I would like to begin my discussion here with an account of a personal humiliation: an intense experience of my own 'fat' body's 'look-at-edness'. Just over a year ago, I attended a seminar in a series of papers on sexuality. In this particular session, the paper delivered explored issues relating to masculinity. A colleague had conducted interviews with young male cadets training at the Australian Defence Force Academy, where a number of young men talked openly about their sexual experiences and practices. One of the young cadets relayed the story of an apparently common sexual activity known as the 'Rodeo'.
Double Sigmoid Growth Curve of Strawberry Fruit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plants of the strawberry cultivar 'Reiko' with an inflorescence consisting of a primary (1st) flower (fruit) or a primary and two secondary (2nd and 3rd) flowers (fruits) were grown in a chamber under controlled light and temperature conditions, and the size of each fruit was measured with a caliper at 2-day intervals from 5-7 days after anthesis. Each fruit grew rapidly in the early period (5-7 days) and late period of fruit growth, in showing a pattern characterized by a double sigmoid curve. The second peaks occurred at 35, 28 and 36 days for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd fruits, respectively, in the first experiment (16°C in the daytime (12hr, 315μmol m-2 sec-1) and 13°C in the night), and at 23 days for the 1st fruit in the second experiment (20°C in the daytime (14hr, 185μmol m-2 sec-1) and 17°C in the night). In the second experiment, at 5-9 days the achene on the 1st fruit grew rapidly. During 5-17 days the dry weight and sugar concentration per dry weight of the 1st fruit were very low, but thereafter they increased remarkably.It is considered that in the first peak of fruit growth the receptacle started to grow and the fruit set was completed due to the rapid growth of the achenes after fertilization, while in the second peak a large amount of assimilates was transported into the receptacle which enlarged rapidly again.
The dignity of persons : Kantian ethics and utilitarianism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This work is an attempt to develop a general ethical framework, the product of the synthesis of Kantian ethics and Utilitarianism, giving us a basic account of the dignity of persons and the structure of the moral community. There is a Kantian doctrine of human dignity, and an associated conception of the nature of morality, which together should be taken to provide the basic conceptual framework in ethical theory. However, the conception of morality implicated in the Kantian story recognises not only the dignity of human beings as moral subjects, but also the dignity (the special moral standing) of all sentient beings, who therefore count as persons for moral purposes. This is shown to be the case by means of an argument for Utilitarianism (taken as a technical view in philosophy) being consistent with the basic Kantian framework already in place, argument that involves disassociating Utilitarianism from both Consequentialism and Welfarism and construing it as an Agapist doctrine (i.e. as a philosophy of practical love or rationally-based benevolence).
With the Technical Assistance of Esther Trachtenberg

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The livers of rats exposed to pure oxygen were examined clcctron microscopically to study toxic effects of oxygen in a mctabolically sensitive organ. Pressures of 1/3 (258 mm Hg), 1 (760 mm Hg), and 3 (2280 mm Hg) atmospheres were used, with exposures up to 90 days with the lowest pressures. The first changes in the hcpatocytcs were loss of glycogcn and enlargement of mitochondria with development of mitochondria with bizarre shapes which were seen after 3 days at 258 mm, 1 day at 760 mm, and 3 hours at 2280 mm. These changes werc followed by formation of increased numbers of cristae, membranes surrounding mitochondria, autophagic vacuoles, and polyribosome clusters. After 2 weeks at 258 mm, which is the prcssure of the atmosphere of space cabins, numerous mitochondrial myelin figures appeared but the mitochondrial enlargement had begun to regress. After 90 days at 258 mm, the liver cells appcarcd almost normal except that many pigment granules had accumulated in the pcricanalicular zones. The changes were non-specific and scemed to parallel biochemical alterations recorded elsewhere. They are not considered the result of toxicity but rathcr of adaptation. These atmospheres, which arc uscd in clinical
Potential Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1 Alpha (PGC-1α) Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1 Alpha (PGC-1α) is a cellular modulator of oxidative and lipid metabolism.It has a vital role in the regulation of mitochondrial activity.Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have mitochondrial abnormality and reduced mitochondrial numbers within the cells of skeletal muscles.Objective: To evaluate the correlation between PGC-1α gene polymorphism and T2DM in Egyptian patients attending Zagazig University Hospitals.Patients and Methods: This was a case-control study including 136 participants of both sexes recruited from the Zagazig University Hospitals.The participants were divided into two equal groups: control group with normal individuals and T2DM group with 68 participants in each group.Results: The incidence of A allele was significantly higher in T2DM group.Also, there were statistically significant elevations in waist hip ratio (WHR) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) among carriers of GA and AA genotypes.However, there was no significant correlation between gene polymorphism and lipid profile in T2DM group.After applying multivariate analysis, A allele carriers and increased values of WHR, FBS, HOMA-IR and low-density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-c) were detected in T2DM. Conclusion:We concluded that A allele of PGC-1α polymorphism was a possible predictor of T2DM occurrence in Egyptian patients.Additionally, WHR and FBS were significantly higher among carriers of GA and AA genotypes
Modified cell penetrating peptides for efficient gene transfer in vitro and in vivo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The efficient delivery of DNA is of great importance for therapeutic applications such as gene therapy, gene-editing and cell programming. However, the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane acts as an impenetrable barrier to nucleic acids and therefore a gene must be coupled to an intracellular delivery vector for efficient transfection. An optimal gene carrier must be able to deliver DNA to the entire cell population, transfect cells efficiently, be serum-resistant and cause minimal cytotoxicity. The majority of non-viral transfection strategies fall short of meeting these requirements, limiting their therapeutic utility. Cell penetrating peptide (CPP)-based vectors have been extensively used for the intracellular delivery of DNA, however low transfection efficiency has inhibited their clinical adoption. GET peptides (i.e. CPPs functionalised with heperan sulphate glycosaminoglycan (HS GAG) cell targeting ligands) have demonstrated 2 orders of magnitude improved delivery compared to unmodified CPPs. They overcome some of the challenges in non-viral DNA delivery by exhibiting minimal cytotoxicity and superior gene transfer. Additionally, PEGylated GET/DNA NPs were engineered with tuneable physiochemical properties for widespread and efficient transfection in mouse lung models. “Mucus penetrating” PEG GET NPs exhibited enhanced safety profiles and significantly better in vivo transfection efficiency compared to polyethylenimine (PEI) complexes. This work presents efficient GET-peptide mediated in vitro and in vivo transfection of DNA as a novel approach for gene therapy treatment.
Viral Immunology Viruses and Immunity: Toward Understanding Viral Immunology and Immunopathology Claude Koprowski Hilary Koprowski

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Viral Immunology Get access Viruses and Immunity: Toward Understanding Viral Immunology and Immunopathology, edited by Koprowski Claude Koprowski Hilary. Academic Press, New York, 1975, 141 p., illus., $8.95 (75-1473). R. Walter Schlesinger, M.D. R. Walter Schlesinger, M.D. Department of Microbiology, Rutgers Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 26, Issue 4, April 1976, Page 278, https://doi.org/10.2307/1297354 Published: 01 April 1976
Continuous Decoding of Self-Paced Movement Intention from EEG Correlates

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

MRCPs (movement related cortical potentials) are slow negative potentials observed in EEG preceding movement, which represents the processing of the cerebral cortex during planning and preparation. Clinical studies have shown that, rehabilitation therapy with the active participation of the central nervous system can rebuild related nerve function, restore the patient's neural plasticity and characterize the intention to move by means of electroencephalographic activity which can be used in rehabilitation protocols with patients' cortical activity taking an active role during the intervention. We describe our method framework including protocol, data processing and pattern recognition. Then the experimental results are analyzed. The tests were carried out with healthy people and achieved satisfactory performance both in trial and asynchronous detection. Our purpose is to apply to restoration of neural pathway of patients.
Pulsed-Electrodeposited 3D Silver Dendrites on Bamboo-Like TiO2 Nanotubes for Ultrasensitive SERS Detection

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate based on three-dimensional silver dendrites (AgDs) was developed on bamboo-like TiO 2 nanotubes (BTNTs) fabricated through alternating voltage anodization. The AgDs were grown by short-pulse current electrodeposition, which promoted hierarchical and vertical formation, a process favored by self-formed oxide cracks and axial segmentation in the BTNTs. This fractal 3D architecture results in a high density of hot spots, intensifying the local electric field. Methylene blue was used as the probe molecule, yielding clear Raman signals at concentrations as low as 1 × 10 −10 M. The limit of detection was calculated to be 1.6 × 10 −11 M, with an analytical enhancement factor of 3.0 × 10⁷. This work provides a reproducible, scalable, and cost-effective route to fabricate high-performance SERS substrates in various real applications.
Seismic Velocities Measured in Rocks of the Troodos Igneous Complex

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Troodos igneous complex of Cyprus is an ophiolite body composed of ultramafics, gabbros, dolerites and pillow lavas. Seismic velocities measured in these rocks were expected to be similar to those in the layers under the deep ocean. Seismic experiments made in the field in individual rock types revealed only low velocities typical of deep sea layer 2. We suggest that the low velocities are due to high porosity in the shattered rocks.
CDK2 and CDK4: Cell\nCycle Functions Evolve Distinct,\nCatalysis-Competent Conformations, Offering Drug Targets

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), particularly CDK4 and\nCDK2, are\ncrucial for cell cycle progression from the Gap 1 (G1) to the Synthesis\n(S) phase by phosphorylating targets such as the Retinoblastoma Protein\n(Rb). CDK4, paired with cyclin-D, operates in the long G1 phase, while\nCDK2 with cyclin-E, manages the brief G1-to-S transition, enabling\nDNA replication. Aberrant CDK signaling leads to uncontrolled cell\nproliferation, which is a hallmark of cancer. Exactly how they accomplish\ntheir catalytic phosphorylation actions with distinct efficiencies\nposes the fundamental, albeit overlooked question. Here we combined\navailable experimental data and modeling of the active complexes to\nestablish their conformational functional landscapes to explain how\nthe two cyclin/CDK complexes differentially populate their catalytically\ncompetent states for cell cycle progression. Our premise is that CDK <i>catalytic efficiencies</i> could be more important for cell\ncycle progression than the cyclin-CDK biochemical binding specificity\nand that efficiency is likely the prime determinant of cell cycle\nprogression. We observe that CDK4 is more dynamic than CDK2 in the\nATP binding site, the regulatory spine, and the interaction with its\ncyclin partner. The N-terminus of cyclin-D acts as an allosteric regulator\nof the activation loop and the ATP-binding site in CDK4. Integrated\nwith a suite of experimental data, we suggest that the CDK4 complex\nis less capable of remaining in the active catalytically competent\nconformation, and may have a lower catalytic efficiency than CDK2,\nbefitting their cell cycle time scales, and point to critical residues\nand motifs that drive their differences. Our mechanistic landscape\nmay apply broadly to kinases, and we propose two drug design strategies:\n(i) allosteric Inhibition by conformational stabilization for targeting\nallosteric CDK4 regulation by cyclin-D, and (ii) dynamic entropy-optimized\ntargeting which leverages the dynamic, entropic aspects of CDK4 to\noptimize drug binding efficacy.
Money can buy me life. The Effect of a Basic Pension on Mortality: a Regression Discontinuity Design

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper estimates the effect of a permanent income increase for the elderly on their health outcomes. Our regression discontinuity design exploits an eligibility cutoff in a Chilean basic pension program that grants monthly payments of 40 percent of the minimum wage to pensionless retirees. Four years after applying pension, recipients are 2.5 percentage points less likely to die, with lower incidence of respiratory and circulatory diseases. The effect is concentrated on pension recipients living without working-age relatives, who have more children if living with recipients. This seems explained by pre-existing income transfers from working-age relatives to retirees, which cease when payments begin. Results suggest that increasing income for older individuals could reduce health inequalities across income groups, and mitigate the inter-generational transmission of poverty by alleviating the financial burden imposed on younger relatives.
Inversion of the Sign of the Short-Range Order as a Function of the Composition of Fe–Cr Alloys at Warm Severe Plastic Deformation and Electron Irradiation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the results of a Mössbauer spectroscopy investigation of the processes in the binary alloys Fe100−cCrc (c, at. % = 6.0, 9.4, 13.2) and of the short-range (SR) atomic ordering accelerated by applying warm severe plastic deformation via high pressure torsion (HPT). After warm HPT treatment, in the vicinity of the concentration c = 9 at. %, there was revealed to be an inversion of the sign of the SR order, the anomaly of the formation of a Fe–Cr solid solution, which was predicted ab initio and is observed at long-term anneals and exposures to irradiation by electrons. The acceleration of the SR ordering at HPT is due to the continuous generation and a large number density of mobile point defects.
Efficiency with Constructed Wetlands System Using Water Ferns (Azolla microphylla) to Treat Laundry Wastewater

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This research aims to analyze the efficiency of processing liquid waste from the laundry industry using the Free Water Surface Constructed Wetland (FWS) system with Azolla microphylla plants. The research method used is experimental research by manipulating independent variables and controlling other relevant variables, as well as observing the effect on the dependent variable. Laundry waste samples were taken from Berkah Laundry, Puri Gading, Bekasi. The results showed that the biomass of Azolla microphylla plants increased significantly from day 0 to day 12, with a growth rate between 0.0289 – 0.0477 grams/day and plant density between 185.19 ind/m2 – 277.78 ind/m2. The influent BOD concentration of laundry liquid waste during the acclimatization stage ranged from 5.89 – 10.54 mg/L, while the effluent BOD ranged from 4.35 – 6.98 mg/L, with the highest efficiency reaching 33.8%. The constructed wetland system with Azolla microphylla plants has proven to be effective in reducing pollutant content in liquid waste, with a BOD removal efficiency of 11.1% - 17.7% and COD of 14.5% - 39%. The conclusion of this research is that the use of artificial wetlands with Azolla microphylla plants can be an effective and environmentally friendly alternative solution for processing liquid waste from the laundry industry. The implications of this research show the potential for applying constructed wetland technology in the clothes washing industry to reduce the negative impact of waste on the environment.
Geoelectrical images of normal fault zones: tectonophysical interpretation of the shallow-depth electrical resistivity tomography data on the Buguldeika-Chernorud graben in the Western Baikal region

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In the study of normal fault zones located in the central Baikal rift, a new approach was applied to process and interpret the shallow-depth electrical resistivity tomography data. This approach is based on the concepts of tectonophysics and considers three-stage formation of a fault and the corresponding three degrees of rock material disturbance, which are regularly detected in the rock mass. The degrees are established by statistical analysis of specific electrical resistance (SER) measured from the electrical resistivity tomography profile across the faults under study. Based on a geoelectrical profile, it is possible to identify the sites wherein the disturbed rocks show the indicators of the early, late and final stages of faulting. The profile provides the basis for specifying the boundaries of the fault zone and the main features of its internal structure. The tectonophysical approach was applied to study a series of normal fault zones varying in ranks. The zones are located on the sides of the Buguldeika-Chernorud graben located near the Olkhon Island in the Western Baikal region. By comparing the geoelectrical profiles constructed under the same methodology, it was established that the near-fault anomalies of electrical resistance are qualitatively similar. Their structure is defined by the general mechanism of normal faulting in the upper crust during sliding along a curved (listric) fault plane. The research results are consolidated in an idealized geoelectrical model: a 2D profile showing a low-resistance anomaly that corresponds to a normal fault zone. This anomaly is asymmetrical and mushroom-shaped, and its internal structure is heterogeneous. In the lying wing of the fault, the anomaly reflects the fan-shaped set of secondary faults caused by the subvertical movements in the normal fault zone, which surface is steeply inclined to the horizon. In the hanging wing, the structure of the anomaly reflects a system of lens-like grabens that form above the surface of the main fault plane that becomes less inclined with depth. The structure of the geoelectrical model proposed for the Olkhon region follows the general regularities controlling formation of listric-shaped normal fault zones. This model can be widely used for diagnostics of tectonic settings and crustal extension structures in other regions.
Inventory policies for deteriorating items with time-price backlog dependent demand

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The effect of stock-out plays a major role in customer's decision-making. This article consists of an inventory model with an assumption of customer's demand, which is affected by shortages; that is for the period of shortages, the demand rate declines in proportion to the existing backlogging. Also, the customer's demand is expressed as a function of time and price, which is appropriate for the products for which demand increases initially and after sometime it starts to decrease. Furthermore, for computing the total profit, the backlogged demand rate is approximated by a piecewise constant function. Depending on the cycle length T, total six models are derived with/without utilisation of preservation technology. Finally, in order to validate the derived models, numerical examples along with sensitivity analysis is undertaken, which extracts some fruitful managerial insights.
The Inefficiency of Arbitrage in an Equilibrium-Search Model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The effect that the entry of additional firms has on consumer welfare and efficiency in a simple equilibrium-search model is considered. Special attention is given to the case where an arbitrageur enters. It is shown that entry can increase the monopoly power of firms and so reduce welfare. In particular, arbitrage always makes consumers worse off and can increase price dispersion and reduce efficiency in the market. The source of the results is that, unlike other forms of product differentiation, the amount of monopoly power that firms have in a search model is determined endogenously by consumers.