jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study of Equilibrium Solubility, NMR Analysis, and Reaction Kinetics of CO2 Absorption into Aqueous N1,N2-Dimethylethane-1,2-diamine Solutions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The equilibrium solubility and kinetics of N1,N2-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine (DMEDA), a new and potential diamine absorbent for CO2 capture, have been investigated in this work. The equilibrium solubility of 2 M DMEDA solution was measured at 298.15–333.15 K and with CO2 partial pressures of 5–100 kPa. The heat (−56.47 kJ/mol) of CO2 absorption was obtained by the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. In addition, the NMR analysis further confirmed the formation of dicarbamate and that the reaction rate contribution by dicarbamate can be ignored, and showed the CO2 absorption in the liquid phase can be divided into three regions as the CO2 loadings increased. The pseudo-first-order rate constant (k0) of CO2 absorption into aqueous DMEDA solution was then investigated at different amine concentrations (0.025–0.075 mol/L) and temperatures (293.15–313.15 K) with stopped-flow technology. The results show that the k0 value in the DMEDA solution increases with the increase of temperature and amine concentration. The pseudo-first-order assumption, zwitterion mechanism, and termolecular mechanism were respectively applied to the DMEDA–CO2–H2O system. The results show that the predicted CO2 absorption rate exhibits good agreement with the experimental data with absolute average deviations (AADs) of 3.66, 3.77, and 4.51% with respect to the pseudo-first-order assumption, zwitterion, and termolecular models, respectively.
Un acercamiento al patrimonio cultural inmaterial su salvaguarda y patrimonialización

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) is one of the main topics in the international political agenda. This is because it intervenes in several governmental levels or aspects such as social, cultural, economical and political, creating multiple impacts within the policy implementation topics. Therefore, several questions arise. Firstly, what exactly is the ICH and what does it mean when talking about safeguarding it? Secondly, what is a heritage process? Lastly, how has the list of representation of Intangible Cultural Heritage of humanity changed up to date? The present article seeks to approach to answer these questions through the experience adopted of the international policy of safeguard of PCI adopted in Mexico.
Treatment During Lactation of Induced and Naturally Occurring Staphylococcal Infections of the Bovine Mammary Gland

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Experimentally induced infections in bovine mammary glands by ten isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and naturally occurring infections were treated during lactation by six different products, mostly at 14 days after infection was induced. A drug was termed effective when the foremilk (sampled every week) was free of Staphylococcus organisms for 4 weeks after treatment and a return to normal somatic cell count was observed. When a particular drug did not prove effective, another drug was tried. Significant differences in percentages of quarters effectively treated were associated with the drug used for treatment, the rank of lactation, the serotype of the infective isolate, and the nature of the reaction of the gland to the experimental infection. Front glands were successfully treated more often than were rear glands. The milk production, the naturally occurring or experimental infections effectively treated, the number of somatic cells or bacteria at the time of treatment, and the characteristics of the bacterial isolate other than serotype or pigmentation did not significantly influence the rate of treatment success. Differences were not found between the results of the first treatment of induced infections, other drug treatment after initial drug treatment failure, and treatment of natural infections. The month of lactation did not exert significant influence when the relationships were examined for each month, but 1st- to 4th-month infections were more difficult to treat than infections in greater than the 5th month of lactation. From these data, it is suggested that a method is available for an objective comparision of anti-mastitis treatments, using standardized conditions of infection and treatment. It is also suggested that the combination of penicillin and streptomycin can serve as a standard against which other treatments can be compared.
Complete Suppression of the Symptoms of Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria by Long-Term Treatment with High-Level Transfusions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CONGENITAL erythropoietic porphyria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of heme biosynthesis that is secondary to reduced (10 to 30 percent of normal) uroporphyrinogen cosynthase activity.1 In patients with the disorder, large amounts of porphyrinogens of the isomer I variety accumulate and are converted by spontaneous oxidation into their corresponding photoactive porphyrins. The clinical syndrome includes severe cutaneous photosensitivity and hemolytic anemia, both of which are usually present at birth.2 Porphyrin deposition gives the teeth a fluorescent, red-brown appearance. Exposure of the skin to sunlight results in the formation of subepidermal bullae and deep erosions that heal with unsightly scars; . . .
Water Vapor Density Retrieval Studies Using Commercial Millimeter-Wave Links at 38 GHz and E-Band

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the performance of water vapor monitoring using commercial millimeter-wave backhaul links from the fifth-generation cellular networks and smart cities. A 38 GHz link and an E-band link located in Gothenburg, Sweden, are used for analysis. One end of these two backhaul links is installed at the same site. The water vapor density (WVD) over a one-month period from 13 June 2017 to 13 July 2017 is calculated based on the data from these microwave links with different frequencies. The meteorological data used for analysis is from a weather station installed at the site where the microwave links are installed, as well as from a nearby weather station operated by Swedish Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (SMHI). A pre-processing step is applied to the raw link attenuation measurement for improving the estimation accuracy. We retrieved water vapor density value from two millimeter-wave links, and it is in good agreement with the water vapor density calculated by weather stations. The source of interference, such as misalignment, humidity source below the link, location, and altitude of weather stations, can contribute to estimation errors and needs to be carefully considered when using microwave link to retrieve water vapor density.
The impact of alcohol intake and tobacco smoking on colorectal cancer and methodological issues of risk measures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Between 1999 and 2003, a large colorectal cancer (CRC) case-control study was conducted in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). The primary aim of this thesis was to explore relations between use of alcohol and tobacco and CRC risk. The specific objectives were to (i) determine the extent of non-participation bias by comparing the differences in demographics between participants and non-participants; (ii) explore misreporting for tobacco and alcohol use using provincial sales data and the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 1.1 and 3.1 data for alcohol and tobacco; (iii) examine impact of tobacco smoking on risk of CRC; (iv) examine impact of alcohol consumption on risk of CRC. -- Newly diagnosed CRC cases identified in 1999-2003 in NL, Canada were frequency-matched by age and sex with controls selected using random digit dialing (RDD). Cases (n = 702) and controls (n = 717) completed self-administered questionnaires assessing health and lifestyle variables. Measures of tobacco use included type of tobacco, age of initiation of smoking, years of smoking, years since started smoking, number of cigarettes smoked daily, pack years, and years since abstention from smoking. Estimates of alcohol intake included types of beverage, years of drinking, and number of drinks daily. Odds ratios were estimated using multivariate logistic regression. The study found a 49% higher risk of CRC among cigarette smokers than non-smokers. The risk tended to increase significantly with cigarette smoking years, amount of cigarettes smoked daily, cigarette pack years and the risk significantly decreased with years of abstention from smoking. Smoking demonstrated a stronger cancer risk in men than women, in drinkers than non-drinkers and in obese men than obese women. The study demonstrated that the effect of alcohol intake on odds of developing CRC differed by weight status. Alcohol consumption tended to reduce the odds of developing CRC in non-obese. In the obese (BMI ≥ 30), the odds of CRC (OR = 2.25) were greater in drinkers than in non-drinkers. The odds of developing CRC increased with number of drinking years and numbers of drinks daily in obese. The effect of drinking on CRC risk was stronger among obese subjects who smoked. -- In conclusion, this thesis reported that cigarette smoking increased the risk of CRC. Alcohol drinking decreased CRC risk in non-obese and cigarette non-smokers, but drinking increased the risk of CRC in the presence of cigarette smoking and obesity. Low participation rates may limit the generalizability of the results.
Seasonal methylmercury dynamics in water draining three beaver impoundments of varying age

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

We monitored water chemistry including unfiltered and filtered total mercury (THg), total methylmercury (TMeHg) and redox‐sensitive species in three beaver pond inlets and outlets in southwestern Quebec (Canada) on a monthly basis from March to September 2007. In‐pond methylation efficiencies (percent of THg as TMeHg) peaked when ponds were ice‐covered (%TMeHg/THg range: 53–80%) and in summer (%TMeHg/THg range: 34–67%). Low oxygen concentrations during these periods likely promoted reducing conditions leading to inorganic mercury methylation. Total dissolved MeHg was the predominant fraction of TMeHg in outlets (80% on average), and TMeHg values were up to 27–fold higher in outlets compared to inlets in summer. During the summer, TMeHg concentrations (up to 2.80 ng L −1 ) were higher in the recent pond than in the older ones. Seasons and pond age influence MeHg production dynamic in beaver ponds; beaver pond formation may increase MeHg transfer through food webs within the pond area and in downstream aquatic systems.
The OECD and Higher Education Policy: Bureaucratic Politics and the Dynamics of Agenda-Setting

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) appeared poised, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, to assume a significant role on the international higher education policy landscape. The Paris-based international organisation, deploying its classic mix of governance instruments privileging cross-national comparison and the forging of a shared policy understanding, seemed to be strategically positioning itself in response to the growing internationalisation of the sector. Many in the higher education community, indeed, saw it as one of the major drivers of a neo-liberal agenda. Yet, in recent years, the OECD appears substantially to have withdrawn from the sector. Its flagship AHELO (Advanced Higher Education Learning Outcomes) initiative has failed to progress, while the organisation has also not proven able to sustain a broader portfolio of activities in the area. The present paper seeks to understand this paradoxical retrenchment, using a ‘bureaucratic politics’ approach that focuses on the understanding of organisational structures and processes. Both the organisation’s general policy drift in the higher education area and the more specific case of the apparent failure of AHELO are examined in detail. Lessons are drawn in terms of the dynamics of agenda-setting within the organisation, as well as in relation to the framing of policy issues by wider higher education stakeholder communities at the international level.
A Potentiometric and Spectroscopic Study on the Interaction Between Human Immunoglobulin G and Sodium Perfluorooctanoate in Aqueous Solution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The interaction between human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and sodium perfluorooctanate (SPFO) has been characterized by a combination of UV‐vis and UV‐CD spectroscopies and ion selective electrodes. The study determined that there were true specific unions between SPFO and IgG. The conformational changes at the bulk solution, induced by SPFO, were well characterized by UV‐vis and UV‐CD spectroscopies. Chemical and thermal unfolding were analysed and the thermodynamic parameters were determined.
Ocular complications of atopic dermatitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atopic dermatitis is a common skin disease associated with other allergic diatheses. Ocular complications were seen in 85 (42.5%) of 200 patients. Blepharoconjunctivitis, cataracts, corneal disease and ocular herpes simplex were frequent. Cataract surgery was usually successful, but there were complications of such surgery. The rate of success in attempts to wear contact lenses was surprisingly high for both phakic and aphakic patients.
A Modified Arthroscopic All-inside Repair for Lateral Meniscal Tears Anterior to the Popliteal Hiatus: A Retrospective Case Series with Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background ﻿ To determine the clinical and MRI outcomes after modified arthroscopic all-inside repair for lateral meniscal tears anterior to the popliteal hiatus. Methods Patients who underwent modified arthroscopic all-inside repair for lateral meniscal tears anterior to the popliteal hiatus at our institution were identified. The clinical assessment consisted of the symptoms of meniscal tears, McMurray test, and patient-reported outcomes (Lysholm score, Tegner score, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score). The status of meniscal healing was assessed using postoperative MRI scan. Results Twenty-five patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 27.60 ± 8.37 years (range, 16 to 43 years). The mean follow-up period was 26.04 ± 2.88 months (range, 24 to 36 months). At final follow-up, the symptoms of meniscal tears disappeared in 23 patients with a negative McMurray test. The patient-reported outcomes of Lysholm, Tegner, and IKDC score improved significantly compared to the preoperative values (P = 0.001). No significant differences were observed in postoperative clinical outcomes between patients with or without concomitant ACL tears (P > 0.05). Postoperative MRI scan showed that the repaired lateral meniscus anterior to the popliteal hiatus obtained healing in 23 (92.0%) patients and no healing in 2 patients. Conclusion This modified arthroscopic all-inside repair technique was safe and effective to treat lateral meniscal tears anterior to the popliteal hiatus, resulting in significantly improved clinical outcomes with a high healing rate and low risk of adjacent structures injury.
Microfacies, sedimentary environment and sequence stratigraphy of the Qom Formation in East Siyah Kuh surface section (South of Garmsar)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper represents the sequence stratigraphic analysis of the Oligo-Miocene shallow
water carbonate succession of the Qom Formation, east of Kuh Siah outcrop (South
of Garmmsar). The study is based on the lithosratigraphy, biostratigraphic framework
(in the context of European standard biozonation), microfacies, paleoenvironmental
interpretation and sequence srtatgraphic concepts.
In this section, only f to c1 members of the Qom Formation can be differentiated. The
biostrtigraphic results revealed that the benthic foraminiferal composition of the studied
section has close affinities with coeval assemblages in Western Tethys and the Middle
East. The larger foraminifera associations in the Qom Formation mark the SBZ 23 to
25 zones, referring to a time span from the late Chattian to Burdigalian. Based on the
micropaleontological studies, the age of late Chattian (SBZ 23) is ascribed to c1 member
which previously considered as Aquitanian, in East of Siah Kuh surface section.
Sedimentary environment of the Qom Formation is related to a carbonate ramp
platform. Based on sedimentary texture and percentage of skeletal and non skeletal
allochems, 1 lithofacies and 13 microfacies from inner to outer ramp were determined.
The sequence stratigraphic studies led to the determination of four 3rd order sequences.
The first sequence with the Chattian age includes c1 and c2 members. The second sequence
with the Aquitanian age includes c3, c4 and d members. The e and f members belong to
third and fourth sequences with the age of Burdigalian.
Detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) for Genes Cause Drug-Resistant in Iraqi Mycobacterium Tuberculosis isolates by new Pyrophosphate Technique.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this search, a new pyrophosphate technique was proved. The technique was employed to single- nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which diagnosis using a one-base extension reaction. Three Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes were chosen (Rpob, InhA, KatG) genes. Fifty-four specimens were used in this study fifty-three proved as drug-resistant specimens by The Iraqi Institute of Chest and Respiratory Diseases in Baghdad.; also one specimen was used as a negative control. The steps of this technique were by used a specific primer within each aliquot that has a short 3-OH end of the base of the target gene that was hybridized to the single-stranded DNA template. Then, the Taq polymerase enzyme and one of either α-thio-dATP, dTTP, dGTP, or dCTP were supplemented and incubated for 1 min. ATP is synthesis by convert Pyrophosphate freed by DNA polymerase using pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK), and the amount of ATP estimates by the firefly luciferase reaction. This technique, which does not demand expensive equipment, can be applied to rapidly monitor a one-point mutation in the gene that causes drug-resistant in mycobacterium tuberculosis. The results showed a high variation in values of ATP formation through matching and mismatch bases added. So, this assay (which required only five minutes), enable to find the gene SNP causes resistant for the specific drug.
Two zero and two pole active compensation replaces a charge pump in PLLs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A 2 zero and 2 pole compensation circuit with an operational amplifier replacing a charge pump in a PLL has been fabricated in an 0.065 mum gate length CMOS technology. It achieves state of art performance with 1 mW low power dissipation at 240 MHz output frequency and a small 0.06 mm 2 area. The circuit has a wide output frequency range of 12-600 MHz with a low jitter measurement of 80 ps peak to peak.
Joint Channel Estimation and Feedback for mm-Wave System Using Federated Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the high propagation path loss in the millimeter wave (mm-wave) system, it is necessary to use the large antenna array for obtaining the high beamforming gain in mm-wave systems. In order to reduce the cost and complexity of hardware, an architecture called hybrid precoding is proposed, which divides the precoding operation into the analog domain and the digital domain. However, this poses a challenge for channel estimation in mm-wave systems. In addition, due to the great amount of users and antennas, the feedback overhead of channel estimation is also an issue that needs to be considered. In the letter, we consider the mm-wave massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system and propose a federated learning (FL)-base channel state information (CSI) estimation and feedback (FCEF) scheme, where each user trains the local model through the local dataset and exchanges the model parameters with the base station (BS). Thanks to upload model parameters rather than huge channel data, the FCEF scheme has lower transmission overhead than centralized learning (CL). The architecture of the proposed FCEF model is described in the letter, which consists of a CSI estimation and compression (CEC) network and a CSI recovery (CR) network. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed FCEF scheme has good performance for CSI estimation and feedback in mm-wave MIMO systems, which is close to that of the CL-based scheme while ensuring lower transmission overhead.
Just War as a Theory, Just Peace as a Virtue

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Pope Francis both grants the right to use armed force in self-defense and regards all war as ‘a defeat for humanity’. This seeming paradox can be explained by the fact that what is a theoretically just use of force (according to the criteria of just war theory) inevitably results in unjust violence when carried out in practice. The undertaking, processes and practices of war are highly susceptible to what Augustine called the libido dominandi. The theory of just war is carried forward in institutions of actual war-making that foster escalation, discourage restraint, and adapt the theory itself to accommodate increasing violence. ‘Just war’ fails to embody the social and institutional virtue of justice. Thus, as Pope Francis exhorts, the Christian ethics of war and peace should prioritize the theory of just peace and the cultivation of peacebuilding dispositions, practices, and institutions. These strategies favor justice, but success is not guaranteed.
Corneal Thickness Changes Following Exposure of New Zealand White Rabbits to Bis [2-(Dimethylamino) Ethyl] Ether Vapor

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Bis[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]ether (CAS No. 3033-62-3; DMAEE) is a liquid industrial chemical whose vapor causes glaucopsia, a transient blue-gray haziness of vision, in exposed workers. The possible role of increased corneal thickness as a basis for the visual disturbances was investigated in groups of five female New Zealand White rabbits exposed for 2 h to mean analytically measured concentrations of DMAEE vapor of 0.1, 0.9, 4.6, 8.8,12.2,14.9, 21.1, and 24.8 ppm; a control group was exposed to air alone. Corneal thickness was measured by an ultrasonic pachymeter before and immediately following exposure and at approximately 30 min, 3, 5, 24, 48, and 72 h postexposure, and thereafter as necessary. Eyes were inspected for signs of conjunctival and corneal inflammation and injury at 30 min; 3,24, and 48 h; at 7 days or longer as considered necessary. No conjunctivalirritation or corneal dullness was seen at 0.1 or 0.9 ppm DMAEE vapor, but at 4.6 ppm and above, exposure-related conjunctivitis and corneal dullness occurred with no clear dose-response relationship. Corneal thickness was slightly, although not statistically significantly increased at 4.6 ppm, and not until about 48 h postexposure. At 8.8 ppm and above increases in corneal thickness were measured immediately postexposure and generally in an exposure concentration-related manner, with a maximum at 3 h and slightly increased throughout the evaluation period. Peak increases occurred with 21.1 ppm (23.7% at 3 h). The results accord with DMAEE-induced glaucopsia being the result of transient increased corneal thickness. The no-effects concentration for induced corneal cloudiness was between 0.9 and 4.6 ppm DMAEE vapor, and for objectively assessed increased corneal thickness, between 4.6 and 8.8 ppm.