jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Association Analysis of SERPINB5 Polymorphisms with HBV Clearance and HCC Occurrence in a Korean Population

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Serpin peptidase inhibitor, Clade B (ovalbumin), Member 5 (SERPINB5), also known as maspin, is a potent tumor suppressor gene.It has correlations with many tumor cells, from pancreas cancer to breast cancer, so it is possible that it may also affect liver cancer.There has also been a report that SERPINB12, a gene placed right next to SERPINB5, is expressed in liver.For this study, 32 polymorphisms were identified in SERPINB5 by direct DNA sequencing, and 11 of them were selected to be tested with a larger scale subjects.The association of the 11 SERPINB5 polymorphisms with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) clearance, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence and the onset age of HCC were analyzed.There were no significant associations found between 11 SERPINB5 polymorphisms and HBV clearance.In the case of HCC occurrence, one of the haplotypes (ht) showed association with HCC occurrence (OR=2.26,p=0.005,P Cor =0.05), albeit with a low statistical power (40.8%) and haplotype frequency (0.052).Further study with a bigger sample size will be needed to clearly verify the association between ht5 and HCC occurrence.
Aliasing with incoherent-light stimuli

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

At the 1985 OSA meeting we demonstrated a dissociation between spatial summation and acuity. The extent of spatial summation varies only about 2X across the parafovea, while acuity varies nearly a log unit. We therefore proposed that in the outer parafovea acuity is primarily determined by the separation between neural detectors, and not by their summation areas. In fact, if the separation between detectors significantly exceeds their summation area, the effects of undersampling (e.g., aliasing) should appear. Since grating orientation is readily lost with undersampling, we used a comparison of simple detection and orientation discrimination to demonstrate aliasing. Although the two measurements are similar in the fovea, they diverge with retinal eccentricity. 7° in the periphery, gratings between 10 and 20 c/deg can be detected only in aliased form. It is significant that this aliasing is certainly not at the level of the photoreceptors, but is proximal thereto, perhaps at the level of spatial summation.
Hemispheric differences of 1Hz rTMS over motor and premotor cortex in modulation of neural processing and hand function

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Non-invasive brain stimulation can modulate both neural processing and behavioral performance. Its effects may by influenced by the stimulated area and hemisphere. In this study (EC no. 09083), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) or dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC) of either the right or left hemisphere, while evaluating cortical neurophysiology and hand function. Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects participated in this placebo-controlled crossover study. Four sessions of real 1Hz rTMS (110% of rMT, 900 pulses) over (i) left M1, (ii) right M1, (iii) left dPMC, (iv) right dPMC, and one session of (v) placebo 1Hz rTMS (0% of rMT, 900 pulses) over the left M1 were applied in randomized order. Motor function of both hands(Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT)) and neural processing within both hemispheres (motor evoked potentials (MEPs), cortical silent period (CSP) and ipsilateral silent period (ISP)) were evaluated prior and after each intervention session. Results: A lengthening of CSP and ISP durations within the right hemisphere were induced by 1Hz rTMS over both areas and hemispheres. No such intervention-induced neurophysiological changes were detected within the left hemisphere. Regarding JTHFT and MEP, no intervention-induced changes ensued. Changes of hand function correlated with neurophysiological changes within both hemispheres, more often for the left than the right hand. Conclusions: Effects of 1Hz rTMS can be better captured by neurophysiological than behavioral measures. Hemispheric differences need to be considered for this intervention.
The CXCR4 Antagonist AMD3100 Stimulates the Proliferation of Myeloma Cells.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract AMD3100, an antagonist of the chemokine receptor CXCR4, is about to be used clinically for the peripheral mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells, especially in patients with lymphoma and multiple myeloma. However, AMD3100 has been shown to activate a G protein coupled with CXCR4 and thus acts as a partial CXCR4 agonist in vitro. Although stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) alone has minimal or negligible effects on the growth and survival of myeloma cells in vitro, many reports are consistent with the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis being involved in the progression of myeloma. Therefore, it is necessary to address the question of whether AMD3100 functions as a partial agonist for CXCR4 in myeloma cells, before it is released for wide clinical application. In this study, we explored whether AMD3100 affects the proliferation and survival of myeloma cells in vitro. As demonstrated previously, AMD3100 markedly inhibited the SDF-1 induced chemotaxis of myeloma cells, including three cell lines (RPMI8226, U266, and ARH77 cells), and CD138+ primary human myeloma cells. AMD3100 also induced internalization of CXCR4. SDF-1 alone did not stimulate the proliferation of these myeloma cells, nor did it rescue the cells from apoptosis induced by serum deprivation. By contrast, AMD3100 at 10−5M enhanced the proliferation of all three myeloma cell lines in serum-free condition by up to 2-folds in 3-day cultures, which was abrogated by pretreating the cells with pertussis toxin (PTX). This phenomenon was also observed with CD138+ primary human myeloma cells. In addition, AMD3100 enhanced the proliferation of U266 and ARH77 cells induced by interleukin-6 (IL-6). AMD3100 partially inhibited the apoptosis induced by serum deprivation, and the anti-apoptotic effect of AMD3100 was further enhanced in the presence of IL-6. AMD3100 on its own induced the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 but not Stat3 and p38/MAPK in RPMI8226 and U266 cells. The phosphorylation was also inhibited by pretreating the cells with PTX. The signal blocking agents wortmannin, PD98056, SB203580, and rapamycin did not affect the AMD3100-induced proliferation of RPMI8226 cells. LY294002 at concentrations not inhibiting spontaneous proliferation (5 μM or less) did not affect AMD3100-induced proliferation of the cells. AG490 inhibited spontaneous proliferation and AMD3100-induced proliferation of the cells in a dose-dependent manner. Accordingly, the signal-blocking effects were unclear. However, these results show that AMD3100 partially overcame the strong growth inhibition of myeloma cells induced by AG490. Our results indicate that AMD3100 can induce the phosphorylation of signaling molecules and stimulate the proliferation of myeloma cells, through signaling via G-protein pathway.
Peer Review #3 of "Characterizing the adult and larval transcriptome of the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (v0.1)"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The reasons for the evolution and maintenance of striking visual phenotypes are as widespread as the species that display these phenotypes.While study systems such as Heliconius and Dendrobatidae have been well characterized and provide critical information about the evolution of these traits, a breadth of new study systems, in which the phenotype of interest can be easily manipulated and quantified, are essential for gaining a more general understanding of these specific evolutionary processes.One such model is the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis, which displays significant elytral spot and color polymorphism.Using transcriptome data from two life stages, adult and larva, we characterize the transcriptome, thereby laying a foundation for further analysis and identification of the genes responsible for the continual maintenance of spot variation in H. axyridis.
Aesthetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The applications of the science of psychology to our understanding of the origins and nature of art is not a recent phenomenon; in fact, it is as old as the Greeks. Plato wrote of art not only from the standpoint of metaphysics, but also in terms of the psychic, especially emotional, dangers that art posed to individuals and society. It was Plato's psychology of art that resulted in his famous requirements in The Republic for social control of the forms and contents of art. Aristotle, on the other hand, approached the arts as philosopher more comfortably at home in experiencing the arts; his writings are to that extent more dispassionately descriptive of the psychological features he viewed as universal in what we would call 'aesthetic experience'. Although Plato and Aristotle both described the arts in terms of generalizations implicitly applicable to all cultures, it was Aristotle who most self-consciously tied his art theory to a general psychology.
Investigating the elements of thought: Toward a component process account of spontaneous cognition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Spontaneous thoughts come in a large variety of different forms, varying in their experiential content as well as the functional outcomes with which they are associated. This chapter describes a component process architecture for spontaneous thought in which different types of experience arise through the combinations of different underlying neurocognitive processes. These underlying elements of cognition are not specific to spontaneous thought, since many, if not all, of these neurocognitive processes can be engaged when participants perform an externally directed task. We consider neurocognitive evidence that shows how this component process architecture provides explanatory value for accounts of spontaneous thought since it provides a mechanism that captures both the complex variety of spontaneous experiences that characterize the human condition, as well as the different functional outcomes that these different experiences are associated with.
Acute cholecystitis caused by hemocholecyst: unusual clinical manifestation of gallbladder cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 74-years-old woman complained of right upper quadrant pain during the last 48 hours, associated to fever of 38 degrees C and vomits. Physical examination revealed a positive Murphy's sign. Laboratory data showed leukocytosis and mild increasement of liver enzymes. Ultrasonography revealed a mobile extense formation located antigravitatorily in fundus and body of the gallbladder. CT scan showed a mass adhered to the fundus and the body of the gallbladder without wall infiltration and contrast enhancement, suggestive of hemocholecyst. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed, observing cholecystitis signs without any other relevant features. Pathology revealed a large amount of clotted blood inside the gallbladder, some of them obstructing the cystic duct; an irregularity was discovered in the gallbladder wall, whose microscopic analysis revealed a gallbladder adenocarcinoma, infiltrating up to the serosa (T3NxMx). The patient underwent a second operation with resection of the gallbladder bed and lymph node dissection of the hepatic hilium, without evidence of neoplastic infiltration.
Development of Audio Visual Based PAI Teaching Materials to Increase Learning Motivation for Class V Students at SDN Panaguan 3 Kec. Proppo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In order to enhance students’ learning motivation, it is necessary to use instructional materials that have the ability to captivate students’ attention. The objective of this study is to provide audio-visual Islamic Religious Education instructional resources with the aim of enhancing the learning motivation of 5th grade students at Panaguan 3 State Elementary School in the Proppo District. This study utilises a Research and Development (R&D) approach. Data was gathered through the utilisation of observation, interview, and questionnaire methodologies. The data obtained from the surveys, which consist of numerical values and percentages, will be subjected to descriptive analysis. The research findings demonstratethat the canva programme was used to create audio-visual-based teaching materials for Islamic Religious Education, specifically focusing on chapter 6 titled “Leaving Peacefully in Togetherness”. The learning materials passes the requirements of being highly practicable to use as the results of the media expert validation questionnaire are 90% (very feasible), linguist validation 90%(very feasible), and material expert validation 95% (very feasible). While the results of the student assessment questionnaire through the three sections of the assessment attained an average value of 95% ehich suggests that this learning material is very attractive to students’ attention and interest in learning so that it could increase student learning motivation.
Role Of Endoscopic Gastric Biopsy in Patients With Chronic Dyspepsia For Diagnosis Of H. Pylori

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: To determine the role of upper GI endoscopy and gastric biopsy to rule out H. Pylori (in patients with long-standing stomach symptoms), which is a manageable cause of chronic dyspepsia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the medical OPDSheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. The sample size was 125 patients, having symptoms of chronic dyspepsia. Endoscopy of the participants has been done after getting informed consent. After histopathological analysis, the results were analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. The presence of H pylori has been evaluated in participants of different age groups, residences, symptoms, and conditions. Results: According to the analysed results, a total of 85 (68%) participants have been diagnosed with the presence of H. Pylori. Prevalence of H. Pylori is highest in the age group of 50 and above i.e. 28 (73.7%), followed by the age group 30-49 43 (67.2%), (p=0.5). There is a slightly higher ratio of H. Pylori in males i.e. 47 (72.3%) than in females i.e. 38 (63.3 Chronic dyspepsia patients who had a gastric ulcer on endoscopy had a dominant proportion of 20 (83.3%) who had H. pylori too on biopsy (p=0.07), similarly, patients who had duodenal ulcers also showed a dominant proportion 29 (80.5%) of a positive result for H. pylori on biopsy (p=0.05). Conclusion: The presence of H pylori was more than in patients above 30 years of age. So, it is better to have an endoscopic investigation to rule out any malignancy. Endoscopy is more beneficial and easily available in most parts of the country.
Agenda Setting in Media and its Influence on Students’ Choice of Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research paper investigates the impact of media agenda-setting on students’ academic preferences, exploring the mechanisms through which media influences decision-making processes. The paper investigates the potential consequences of these influences and provides a comprehensive understanding of how media shapes the academic preferences of students. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative case studies with a quantitative survey of students. The findings reveal that media agenda-setting plays a significant role in shaping students’ academic preferences, with students often relying on media as a primary source of information about academic opportunities. Overall, the study provides insights that can inform educational policies and media literacy initiatives designed to address the influence of media agenda-setting on students’ academic preferences.
PENGARUH KOMBINASI JARAK TANAM DAN PUPUK FOSFAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, KOMPONEN HASIL DAN HASIL TANAMAN WIJEN (Sesamum indicum L.) VARIETAS SUMBERREJO-1(Sbr-1)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The results of this experiment can be seen the effect of the combination of spacing and phosphate fertilizer on the growth and yield of sesame (Sesamun Indicum L), Varieties Sumberrejo-1. The experiment was carried out in Mekarjaya Gantar Village, Indramayu - West Java, in July - November 2021. The experimental method was Randomized Block Design (RAK) with a combination pattern, with two treatments repeated three times, namely the combination treatment of phosphate fertilizer application (100 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha) with spacing treatments (25 cm x 50 cm, 25 cm x 60 cm, and 25 cm x 70 cm). The experimental data were processed using linear model statistical tests, analysis of variance, and Scott-knot cluster further test analysis. The correlation between treatment with growth components and sesame yield was used Product Moment correlation coefficient. The experimental results showed: (1) The combined treatment of distance and phosphate showed plant height at 14 HST, leaf number at 14 HST, and seed weight per clump, but did not affect plant height at 28 HST and 42 HST, leaf number at 28 HST. and 42 HST, stem diameter, root compaction, leaf area index, plant growth rate, fruit number per clump, fruit number per plot, fruit weight per cluster, fruit weight per plot, 1000 seeds, and seed weight per plot ( 2) The highest seed weight of each plot was produced by a combination of treatments F, which was 25 x 60 cm and phosphate 200kg/ha with an average weight of 1.03 kg (together with 1,715 tan/ha), (3) There was a significant correlation between plant height and leaf number at 28 HST and 42 HST with seed weight of each plot in the strong category. However, there was no significant correlation between plant height and leaf number at 14 HST with seed weight in each plot with weak and simple categories.
Effects of Flower Thinning,Fruit Thinning and Bagging on Fruit Size and Yield of Peach

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The peach trees were tested by using different flower thinning,fruit thinning and bagging techniques to investigate the effects on fruit size and yield.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the setting rate between different position with flower thinning,but significant difference in yield and single fruit weight;the single fruit weight with flower thinning was significantly higher than that without flower thinning,the single fruit weight with different fruit thinning was significantly higher than that without flower thinning,and the total income and net income was increased by using flower thinning,fruit thinning and bagging techniques or flower thinning and fruit thinning techniques.
1-LOOP EFFECTS IN 4-d SUPERGRAVITY GENERATED BY HETEROTIC STRINGS ON ASYMMETRIC ORBIFOLDS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider the class of N = 1, d = 4 supergravity theories generated in the compactification of heterotic superstrings on asymmetric orbifolds. We study the dominant quadratic contribution to the 1-loop effective potential and find it to be negative. We also examine the mass term for the chiral fields and find that they are massless at the compactification scale. We show that it is possible to have models where, at the compactification scale, the cosmological constant, the gaugino masses and the masses for the chiral non-gauge singlet fields are all zero.
Transgenic diffusible signaling factor (DSF)-producing rootstocks confer resistance to Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri in grafted non-transgenic scions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The rpfF gene from Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca, encoding the synthase for diffusible signal factor (DSF), was previously shown to reduce Xylella fastidiosa and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri colonization and disease symptoms when expressed in transgenic Citrus sinensis plants. As DSF is a small, diffusible molecule, this study investigated whether its production in transgenic rootstocks expressing rpfF could confer resistance to Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri in non-transgenic scions. Using antibodies specific to RpfF, we confirmed the presence of this enzyme in various cellular compartments of the transgenic rootstock, validating rpfF translation in planta. Both bacterial populations and citrus canker symptoms were significantly reduced in ‘Valencia’ sweet orange scions grafted onto the transgenic rootstocks compared with that in non-transgenic control scions. Additionally, X. citri subsp. citri genes known to be differentially regulated in rpfF transgenic plants, were also altered in the non-transgenic scions grafted onto the transgenic rootstocks. Further analysis of disease progression revealed that the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was significantly lower in the leaves of non-transgenic scions grafted onto transgenic rootstocks compared to those grafted to non-transgenic controls. These results together suggest that DSF produced in the transgenic rootstock is translocated to the non-transgenic scion, resulting in enhanced tolerance. These findings highlight the potential of transgenic rootstocks to produce more resistant, non-transgenic scions.
Studies on the Interaction Between Evansblue and Bovine Serum Albumin by Fluorescence Spectrophotometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The interaction of evansblue(EB) and bovine serum albumin(BSA)was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectroscopy.The experimental results showed that EB could quench the inner fluorescence of BSA by forming the BSA-EB complex.It was found that both static quenching and non-radiation energy transfer led to the fluorescence quenching.The binding constants(K)between EB and BSA were 1.122×106L·mol-1,and the binding sites(n) were 0.994.According to Foerster theory of non-radiation energy transfer the binding distance(r=3.14nm) and the efficiency of energy transfer(E=0.276) were also obtained.The effect of EB on the conformational change of BSA was also analyzed by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.
RIG-I Detects mRNA of Intracellular Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium during Bacterial Infection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The cytoplasmic helicase RIG-I is an established sensor for viral 5=-triphosphorylated RNA species. Recently, RIG-I was also implicated in the detection of intracellular bacteria. However, little is known about the host cell specificity of this pro-cess and the bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that activates RIG-I. Here we show that RNA of Salmo-nella enterica serovar Typhimurium activates production of beta interferon in a RIG-I-dependent fashion only in nonphagocytic cells. In phagocytic cells, RIG-I is obsolete for detection of Salmonella infection. We further demonstrate that SalmonellamRNA reaches the cytoplasm during infection and is thus accessible for RIG-I. The results from next-generation sequencing analysis of RIG-I-associated RNA suggest that coding bacterial mRNAs represent the activating PAMP. IMPORTANCE S. Typhimurium is a major food-borne pathogen. After fecal-oral transmission, it can infect epithelial cells in the gut as well as immune cells (mainly macrophages, dendritic cells, andM cells). The innate host immune system relies on a grow-ing number of sensors that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to launch a first broad-spectrum response to invading pathogens. Successful detection of a given pathogen depends on colocalization of host sensors and PAMPs as well as potential countermeasures of the pathogen during infection. RIG-I-like helicases were mainly associated with detection of RNA