jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lucifer's Lawsuit

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Lucifer's Lawsuit Get access L. L. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s1-XI, Issue 275, 3 February 1855, Page 86, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s1-XI.275.86e Published: 03 February 1855
Lattice Doping of Lanthanide Ions in Cs 2 AgInCl 6 Nanocrystals Enabling Tunable Photoluminescence

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Lead-free halide double perovskite Cs 2 AgInCl 6 has become the research hotspot in the optoelectronic fields. It is a challenge to utilize the lattice doping by different lanthanide ions with rich and unique photoluminescence (PL) emissions for emerging photonic applications. Here, we successfully incorporated Dy 3+ , Sm 3+ , and Tb 3+ ions into Cs 2 AgInCl 6 nanocrystals (NCs) by the hot-injection method, bringing diverse PL emissions of yellowish, orange, and green light in Cs 2 AgInCl 6 :Ln 3+ (Ln 3+ = Dy 3+ , Sm 3+ , Tb 3+ ). Moreover, benefiting from the energy transfer process, Sm 3+ and Tb 3+ ion-codoped Cs 2 AgInCl 6 NCs achieved tunable emission from green to yellow orange and a fluorescent pattern from the as-prepared NC-hexane inks by spray coating was made to show its potential application in fluorescent signs and anticounterfeiting technology. This work indicates that lanthanide ions could endow Cs 2 AgInCl 6 NCs the unique and tunable PL properties and stimulate the development of lead-free halide perovskite materials for new optoelectronic applications.
Clause structure and case in Niuean

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines three aspects of Niuean syntax - VSO order, ergative case marking, and raising constructions. The central goal is to establish certain basic characteristics of the language, but several theoretical issues are also explored. It is argued (a) that Niuean verb fronting is not to TP nor CP, but possibly to QP; and (b) that all case is assigned within VP, with subjects and objects then externalizing to have their cases checked; and (c) that raising involves the base generation of a CP small clause subject which is co-referential with a subject or object pro in the predicate of CP. Niuean surface ergativity is claimed to arise because the verb's external case is associated with [+trans], and because the determination of structural subject is relativized to the highest NP in the specifier of a functional projection.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup B Isolates with Novel Recombination Sites

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT It is generally accepted that all primary isolates of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) contain a subgroup A virus (FeLV-A) that is essential for transmission. In contrast, FeLV-B is thought to arise de novo in the infected animal through RNA recombination events with endogenous FeLV transcripts, presumably through copackaging of RNA from endogenous FeLV and exogenous FeLV-A. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two novel strains of FeLV-B (FeLV-2518 and FeLV-4314) that were isolated in the absence of FeLV-A. The env genes of these isolates have been characterized previously, and the 3′ recombination sites have been identified. We describe herein the 5′ recombination breakpoints of each virus. These breakpoints were found to be within the signal peptide of the env gene and the reverse transcriptase-coding region, respectively. This is the first report of a recombination site within the pol gene of an FeLV-B genome and the first genetic characterization of multiple independently arising FeLV-B isolates that have been identified without a functional FeLV-A ancestral virus.
Women, the material book and early printing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Despite the discouragements women writers faced in early modern England, female authors and translators were surprisingly visible in the early print market. In most years from 1545 on, a buyer at a London bookseller's stall would have found one or more publications attributed to a woman. If first-edition, singly authored, literary publications proved scarce, as they sometimes did, the bookseller could have pointed the buyer to popular reprints of women's devotional and didactic works or to the many smaller contributions of women: Queen Elizabeth's prayers tucked into any of two dozen editions of Thomas Sorocold's Supplications of Saints, Margaret Ascham's prefatory epistle to her late husband's Scholemaster, or one of several poems in verse miscellanies attributed to anonymous women. The numbers of women authors in print do not come close to those of male authors, but women were conspicuous enough in early print to make female authorship a relatively familiar, even conventional, phenomenon. Works by and including women authors looked much like the other items for sale at the bookseller's stall, if not like the folios of the most ambitious and prolific men, then at least like the publications of the majority of male authors. Women's publications were reprinted only slightly less often than those by minor male authors. Shorter compositions by both men and women were often used by printers to supplement more substantial primary texts. Women were frequently identified with initials or class titles, and this practice was common for male authors, too.
Early identification of infectious complications in lung transplant recipients using procalcitonin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine how sequential measurements of procalcitonin ( PCT ) could improve the diagnosis of early infectious complications after lung transplantation, and to compare this molecule with other commonly used markers (serum C‐reactive protein [ CRP ] and leukocyte count). Methods Prospective observational study in a 34‐bed university hospital intensive care unit ( ICU ). All lung transplant ( LT ) recipients between J anuary and N ovember 2010 were included. Biomarkers were measured just before surgery, on ICU admission, and daily on postoperative days 2, 3, 4, and 7. Results A total of 25 patients were included. Those patients with infectious complications presented with significantly higher levels of PCT as early as the first day after transplantation and during subsequent days. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve for PCT as a predictor of infection ranged between 0.83 and 0.97. PCT cutoff of 8.18 ng/mL on day 2 had a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 100% for prediction of infection development. Neither CRP levels nor leukocyte count could discriminate between the patients with and without infections at any time. Conclusions In contrast with CRP levels and leukocyte counts, measurement of PCT appears to be a useful diagnostic tool in detecting early infectious complications in LT patients.
Harnessing Machine Learning for Enhanced Air Quality Prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Air pollution poses significant health risks and necessitates the need for accurate air quality monitoring systems. This research paper focuses on predicting the Air Quality Index (AQI) using both regression and classification models. Various machine learning algorithms such as Linear Regression, Decision Tree Regressor, Random Forest Regressor, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, and K-Nearest Neighbors Classifier were employed to estimate AQI based on pollutant concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, RSPM, and SPM. The performance of these models was evaluated using metrics like RMSE, R² score, accuracy, and Cohen's Kappa score. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the models in predicting AQI, with Random Forest models exhibiting superior performance in both regression and classification tasks. This study underscores the potential of machine learning techniques in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of air quality predictions, thereby contributing to better environmental management and public health policies.
Bacterial meningitis in childhood: a 13 year review.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One hundred and forty-five episodes of acute bacterial meningitis in children seen over a 13 year period are reviewed. The mortality rate was 1.4%. Over the study period H influenzae type b remained as the dominant causative organism, with 11% of the isolates being beta-lactamase positive. The difficulties in diagnosis in children, the sequelae of sensorineural deafness and continued morbidity in this disorder are stressed.
Gastrointestinal Tract Disease and Zinc Absorption: Cecal Coccidiosis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

IT HAS generally been assumed that diseases of the intestinal tract interfere with nutrient absorption. Quantitative data have been lacking on the amount of absorptive impairment or the periods during the disease cycle when it occurred. Stafseth (1931) observed that rickets appeared more frequently or was more severe in birds suffering from coccidiosis. Erasmus <it>et al.</it> (1960) demonstrated decreased liver storage of vitamin A in chicks suffering from coccidiosis caused by a combination of <it>E. tenella</it> and <it>E. acervulina</it>. The decrease was particularly marked 1 week after the administration of the oocysts. These two reports suggest the occurrence of either absorptive impairment or excessive nutrient excretion in birds having coccidiosis. However, several groups (Edgar, 1958; McLoughlin <it>et al.,</it> 1960; and Panda and Combs, 1964) have noted periods of increased rate of weight gain during recovery from coccidiosis. Panda and Combs (1964) suggested that this growth rate increase was due to . . .
Data from: Integrated population models poorly estimate the demographic contribution of immigration

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Estimating the contribution of demographic parameters to changes in population growth is essential for understanding why populations fluctuate. Integrated Population Models (IPMs) offer a possibility to estimate contributions of additional demographic parameters, for which no data have been explicitly collected: typically immigration. Such parametersare often subsequently highlighted as important drivers of population growth. Yet, accuracy in estimating their temporal variation, and consequently their contribution to changes in population growth rate, has not been investigated. To quantify the magnitude and cause of potential biases when estimating the contribution of immigration using IPMs, we simulated data (using Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe population estimates) from controlled scenarios to examine potential biases and how they depend on IPM parameterization, formulation of priors, the level of temporal variation in immigration, and sample size. We also used empirical data on populations with known rates of immigration: Soay Sheep Ovis aries and Mauritius kestrel Falco punctatus with zero immigration and grey wolf Canis lupus in Scandinavia with near-zero immigration. IPMs strongly overestimated the contribution of immigration to changes in population growth in scenarios when immigration was simulated with zero temporal variation (proportion of variance attributed to immigration = 63% for the more constrained formulation and real sample size) and in the wild populations, where the true number of immigrants was zero or near-zero (Kestrel 19.1-98.2%, Sheep 4.2-36.1%, Wolf 84.0-99.2%). Although the estimation of immigration in the simulation study became more accurate with increasing temporal variation and sample size, it was often not possible to distinguish between an accurate estimation from data with high temporal variation versus an overestimation from data with low temporal variation. Unrealistically large sample sizes may be required to estimate the contribution of immigration well. To minimise the risk of overestimating the contribution of immigration (or any additional parameter) in IPMs, we recommend to: (i) look for evidence of variation in immigration before investigating its contribution to population growth, (ii) simulate and model data for comparison to the real data, and (iii) use explicit data on immigration when possible.
Overfeeding in Early Infancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OESOPHAGEAL SPEECH MEDIBCLTJSHRNAL activity of the oesophageal smooth muscle.We believe that the whole knack lies in the control of the cricopharyngeal sphincter, and that the oesophagus behaves as a passive tube.It is surprising to find that a patient with no glottis can raise his intrathoracic pressure in the way shown.Such patients can, however, achieve positive pressures of 30 to 50 mm.Hg during sustained expiratory strain and consider- ably more during coughing.It appears that the effective resistance of the bronchioles to a suddenly applied expira- tory pressure can be very high, so that in a sense air is trapped in the alveoli.Anyone who has witnessed a bronchoscopy will recall that the veins of the head and neck congest during coughing and straining even with the bronchoscope in place.In acquiring a voice after laryngectomy the patient has to gain control of the cricopharyngeal sphincter so that he can first relax the sphincter and allow air to enter the oeso- phagus during inspiration, and, secondly, control the degree of contraction during speech so that there is maximum economy in the use of the air in the oesophagus and the loss of air from the lungs.To acquire a good oesophageal voice therefore comprises two stages: (1) finding the voice, and (2) learning to use the new technique economically so that many syllables can be uttered without taking a fresh breath.Finding the voice usually takes a month or two, and the skill in the use of this voice increases over several years. SummryMeasurements of oesophageal pressure and chest movements during oesophageal speech have been made, and the oesophageal movements observed by fluoro- scopy.The mechanism is discussed.Air enters the oeso- phagus down to the diaphragm.It is expelled by expira- tory effort, the airway resistance allowing the intra- thoracic pressure to rise above the atmospheric pressure despite the presence of a tracheostomy.We are grateful to Drs.
10.1063/1.5116845.14

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present an experimental study of drop impact on a thin flexible fiber. Detailed dynamics of the collision was captured with a high-speed video camera. Previous studies have presented three modes: capturing, single drop falling, and splitting. However, in our experiments, we observed that a low-speed drop could bounce off a thin fiber. Moreover, the splitting mode was segmented into two different types: low-speed splitting and high-speed splitting. Based on systematic experiments, we rebuilt a regime map consisting of capturing, low-speed splitting, single drop falling, and high-speed splitting. Both the upper and the lower limits of the low-speed splitting were presented. Fiber wettability was found to play an important role in the impact results. Low-speed splitting vanished when a water drop impacts on a nylon fiber coated with a layer of hydrophilic material. Meanwhile, a theoretical model was proposed to predict the fiber dynamics, which fitted well with the experimental results.
Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Models on Video Captioning via Monte Carlo Tree Search

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Video captioning can be used to assess the video understanding capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, existing benchmarks and evaluation protocols suffer from crucial issues, such as inadequate or homogeneous creation of key points, exorbitant cost of data creation, and limited evaluation scopes. To address these issues, we propose an automatic framework, named AutoCaption, which leverages Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) to construct numerous and diverse descriptive sentences (\textit{i.e.}, key points) that thoroughly represent video content in an iterative way. This iterative captioning strategy enables the continuous enhancement of video details such as actions, objects' attributes, environment details, etc. We apply AutoCaption to curate MCTS-VCB, a fine-grained video caption benchmark covering video details, thereby enabling a comprehensive evaluation of MLLMs on the video captioning task. We evaluate more than 20 open- and closed-source MLLMs of varying sizes on MCTS-VCB. Results show that MCTS-VCB can effectively and comprehensively evaluate the video captioning capability, with Gemini-1.5-Pro achieving the highest F1 score of 71.2. Interestingly, we fine-tune InternVL2.5-8B with the AutoCaption-generated data, which helps the model achieve an overall improvement of 25.0% on MCTS-VCB and 16.3% on DREAM-1K, further demonstrating the effectiveness of AutoCaption. The code and data are available at https://github.com/tjunlp-lab/MCTS-VCB.
Nitrous oxide emissions from irrigated cotton soils of northern Australia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

An automated gas sampling methodology has been used to estimate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from heavy black clay soil in northern Australia where split applications of urea were applied to furrow irrigated cotton. Nitrous oxide emissions from the beds were 643 g N/ha over the 188 day measurement period (after planting), whilst the N2O emissions from the furrows were significantly higher at 967 g N/ha. The DNDC model was used to develop a full season simulation of N2O and N2 emissions. Seasonal N2O emissions were equivalent to 0.83% of applied N, with total gaseous N losses (excluding NH3) estimated to be 16% of the applied N.
Extended Isotopic Spin Invariance and Meson-Nucleon Coupling

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The identities derived from a Lagrangian density that is invariant under transformations that depend on arbitrary functions are used to develop the restrictions on allowed forms of coupling that follow from assuming extended isotopic spin invariance. A proof is given that invariance under local isotopic spin rotations is not possible for pions and nucleons alone. The relations between the transformation law and the invariant Lagrangian are developed if (a) the pion-nucleon system is allowed to admit a more general extended isotopic spin group, or (b) additional fields are admitted in order to maintain the local isotopic spin rotational invariance. In either case, definite restrictions on the permissible transformation properties for the field quantities are obtained if pion-nucleon isotopic spin conservation is to be maintained.
Research of a Focused Crawler Using Genetic Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Traditional focused crawler uses local search algorithms.It causes the problems of ‘topic drift’ and ‘partially most superior’. Based on the knowledge of Web structure and web crawler’s online status and meta-search technology,we proposed a new global search algorithm—genetic algorithm,which synthesizes the linkage’s immediate value and future value dynamically . Our experiments show that the new algorithm has better recall rate and precision.
A NEW LOCALITY OF DAISY LEAF GRAPE FERN (BOTRYCHIUM MATRICARIIFOLIUM ) IN WESTERN POLAND

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

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REVIEW Interoception in anxiety and depression

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Ó The Author(s) 2010. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract We review the literature on interoception as it relates to depression and anxiety, with a focus on belief, and alliesthesia. The connection between increased but noisy afferent interoceptive input, self-referential and belief-based states, and top-down modulation of poorly predictive signals is integrated into a neuroanatomical and processing model for depression and anxiety. The advantage of this conceptualization is the ability to specifically examine the interface between basic interoception, selfreferential belief-based states, and enhanced top-down modulation to attenuate poor predictability. We conclude that depression and anxiety are not simply interoceptive disorders but are altered interoceptive states as a consequence of noisily amplified self-referential interoceptive predictive belief states.
Mortality of Supercentenarians: Estimates from the Updated IDL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Mortality after age 110 has been estimated to be flat at a level corresponding to an annual probability of death of 50% (Gampe, Supercentenarians. Springer, Berlin, 2010). Since the publication of these results, the IDL has been substantially updated, and the number of supercentenarians in the database has roughly doubled. Here we report the results obtained from the updated database (N = 1219 supercentenarians). The broad conclusions regarding human mortality at the highest ages still hold.
A deep learning model based on concatenation approach to predict difficulty of extracting a mandibular third molar tooth

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background : Assessing the difficulty of tooth extraction is the most important factor to consider before surgeries. The purpose of this study was to create a practical predictive model for assessing the difficulty of extracting the mandibular third molar tooth using deep learning. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by comparing the extraction time predicted by deep learning with the actual time required for extraction. Methods: A total of 724 panoramic X-ray images and clinical data were used for artificial intelligence (AI) prediction of extraction difficulties. Clinical data such as age, sex, maximum mouth opening, body weight, height, the time from the start of incision to the start of suture, and surgeon’s experience were recorded. Data augmentation and weight balancing were used to improve learning abilities of AI models. Extraction time predicted by the concatenated AI model was compared with the actual extraction time. Results: The final combined model (CNN + MLP) model achieved an R value of 0.8315, an R-squared value of 0.6839, a p -value of less than 0.0001, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.95 min with the test dataset. Conclusions: Our proposed model for predicting difficulty of extracting mandibular third molar tooth performs well with a high accuracy in clinical practice.
Generational situatedness: Challenging generational stereotypes in health professions education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The near ubiquity of essentialism and generational othering across our sample illustrates the ongoing challenges posed by generationalism in HPE discourse. While traces of generational humility and generational situatedness suggest a more holistic response to evolving student populations, we nevertheless discourage the continued use of generation theory to guide HPE pedagogy and instead urge educators to resist essentializing generalizations by thinking comprehensively about what evolutions in HPE must occur if we are to best prepare our students to practice in present and future healthcare settings.[Box: see text].
Effect of Chemokine Coreceptor on HIV-1 Infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)entry into target cells is a multi-step process involving the interaction of viral envelope proteins with cell surface receptors.CCR5 and CXCR4 are receptors that bind several natural chemokines and are also major coreceptors for M-tropic and T-tropic HIV-1 infection.The current paper summarized our HIV-1 coreceptor related work and recent advance of chemokine receptor as a new tool in the treatment of HIV-1 infection.