jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Chitinolytic Activity ofListeria monocytogenesEGD Is Regulated by Carbohydrates but Also by the Virulence Regulator PrfA

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Chitin, an insoluble polymer of N -acetyl- d -glucosamine (GlcNAc), is one of the most abundant carbohydrate polymers in marine and terrestrial environments. Chitin hydrolysis by Listeria monocytogenes depends on two chitinase-encoding genes, chiA and chiB , and the aim of this study was to investigate their regulation. Chitin induces the expression of both chitinases in late exponential growth phase, and chiA but not chiB is furthermore induced by the monomer GlcNAc. Furthermore, their expression is subjected to catabolite control. Chitinases expressed by bacterial pathogens have proven to be important not only for nutrient acquisition and environmental survival but also for infecting animals and humans. Interestingly, the central L. monocytogenes virulence gene regulator, PrfA, is required for the chitinolytic phenotype, as chitinase activity was significantly reduced in prfA mutant cells compared to its level in wild-type cells. In agreement with this, Northern blot analysis showed that the amounts of chiA and chiB transcripts upon induction by chitin were significantly lower in the prfA mutant than in the wild type. The chitinolytic activity and chiA and chiB expression were reduced in the absence of the sigB gene, indicating that σ B is also important for the production of chitinases. The chiA , chiB , and chiA chiB mutants were not impaired for in vitro adhesion and invasion in epithelial cell lines, but the chiA chiB double mutant showed less survival ability in a chitin-enriched medium. The regulation of chitinolytic activity in L. monocytogenes is complex, and taken together, the results indicate that the biological role of this activity may not be limited to the external environment.
Cosmic topology. Part I. Limits on orientable Euclidean manifolds from circle searches

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Einstein field equations of general relativity constrain the local curvature at every point in spacetime, but say nothing about the global topology of the Universe. Cosmic microwave background anisotropies have proven to be the most powerful probe of non-trivial topology since, within ΛCDM, these anisotropies have well-characterized statistical properties, the signal is principally from a thin spherical shell centered on the observer (the last scattering surface), and space-based observations nearly cover the full sky. The most generic signature of cosmic topology in the microwave background is pairs of circles with matching temperature and polarization patterns. No such circle pairs have been seen above noise in the WMAP or Planck temperature data, implying that the shortest non-contractible loop around the Universe through our location is longer than 98.5% of the comoving diameter of the last scattering surface. We translate this generic constraint into limits on the parameters that characterize manifolds with each of the nine possible non-trivial orientable Euclidean topologies, and provide a code which computes these constraints. In all but the simplest cases, the shortest non-contractible loop in the space can avoid us, and be shorter than the diameter of the last scattering surface by a factor ranging from 2 to at least 6. This result implies that a broader range of manifolds is observationally allowed than widely appreciated. Probing these manifolds will require more subtle statistical signatures than matched circles, such as off-diagonal correlations of harmonic coefficients.
Research on the Hot Spots and Thermoelastic Instability of Automotive Clutches

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Hot spots can lead to a failure of vehicular clutches.A theoretical model was constructed to investigate thermoelastic instability(TEI)and hot spots in automotive clutches.When the sliding speed exceeds the critical speed,a spatially temperature perturbation growing with time can lead to hot spots.Hot spots appear mainly on the mating disk because of its high Peclet number.Mating disk has an anti-symmetric deformation due to the critical speed.A material with low elastic modulus and high thermal conductivity can experience a high critical speed,while the thermal expansion coefficient has little effect on it.
DESIGN AND PROGRAM OF LONG DISTANCE COMMUNICATION PORT CIRCUIT FOR THE MICROCHIP AND PERSONAL COMPUTER

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the COM port for RS-485 is used in the long distance communication by contrasting the COM ports for RS-232 and RS -485. Furthermore, the long distance communication port circuit and its disposal method for both Microchip and Personal computer are developed as MAX485 chip is an example. The work principle of COM port communication for RS-485 on the Microchip and Personal computer is simply discussed, and the sketch map and program to carry out the communication for the Microchip and Personal computer are presented.
Risk factors for binge eating and purging eating disorders: Differences based on age of onset

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective To (1) determine whether childhood risk factors for early onset binge eating and purging eating disorders also predict risk for later‐onset binge eating and purging disorders, and (2) compare the utility of childhood and early adolescent variables in predicting later‐onset disorders. Method Participants ( N = 1,383) were drawn from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, which has followed children from pre‐birth to age 20. Eating disorders were assessed when participants were aged 14, 17, and 20. Risk factors for early onset eating disorders have been reported previously (Allen et al., J Am Acad Child Psychiat, 48, 800–809, 2009). This study used logistic regression to determine whether childhood risk factors for early onset disorders, as previously identified, would also predict risk for later‐onset disorders ( n = 145). Early adolescent predictors of later‐onset disorders were also examined. Results Consistent with early onset cases, female sex and parent‐perceived child overweight at age 10 were significant multivariate predictors of binge eating and purging disorders with onset in later adolescence. Eating, weight, and shape concerns at age 14 were also significant in predicting later‐onset disorders. In the final stepwise multivariate model, female sex and eating, weight, and shape concerns at age 14 were significant in predicting later‐onset eating disorders, while parent‐perceived child overweight at age 10 was not. Discussion There is overlap between risk factors for binge eating and purging disorders with early and later onset. However, childhood exposures may be more important for early than later onset cases. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:802–812)
Study on the Perfect Dislocation in Cd<sub>0.9</sub>Zn<sub>0.1</sub>Te Single Crystals by HRTEM

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Two types of 60° perfect dislocation in Cd 0.9 Zn 0.1 Te single crystals were observed by HRTEM. The Burger’s vector of the two dislocation were and respectively. With reasonable premise, the possible dissociation mechanisms of the two kinds of dislocations were supposed to be and . There are two kinds of the formation mechanisms, the first one is the accumulation of the point defects and the other kind of dislocation is the lattice gliding caused by the thermal stress.
Logistik von Biomasse

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Die der energetischen Nutzung vorgelagerte Logistik von Biomasse ist nicht ohne Probleme. Losungsansatze fur die Verminderung der Hindernisse in den einzelnen Gliedern der Logistikkette werden aufgezeigt und der weitere Forschungs- und Entwicklungsbedarf abgeleitet. Auf die Wichtigkeit der fruhzeitigen Planung der Logistik in Abhangigkeit von standortkonkreten Rahmenbedingungen unter Einbeziehung der feuerungstechnischen Erfordernisse wird hingewiesen.
Diverting History of the African Queen with Reference To Paule Marshall's Browngirl, Brownstones.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

“No Coercion, only mutual assistance, the joy of living, a free acceptance of discipline, order, earnestness, poetry and freedom from untroubled private citizen of the almost famous leader, there was an unbroken chain of understanding and trust.” (Frantz 1967:131).
Identification\nof a Novel Peptide with Alcohol\nDehydrogenase Activating\nAbility from Ethanol-Induced Lactococcus lactis: A Combined In Silico Prediction and In Vivo Validation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is a crucial rate-limiting\nenzyme in\nalcohol metabolism. Our previous research found that ethanol-induced\nintracellular extracts of Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) could enhance alcohol\nmetabolism in mice, but the responsible compounds remain unidentified.\nThe study aimed to screen potential ADH-activating peptides from ethanol-induced L. lactis using virtual screening and molecular docking\ncalculation. Among them, the pentapeptide FAPEG might bind to ADH\nthrough hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds, then enhancing\nADH activity. Spectroscopy analysis further investigated the peptide-enzyme\ninteraction between FAPEG and ADH, including changes in the amino\nacid residue microenvironment and secondary structural alterations.\nFurthermore, FAPEG could protect against alcoholic liver injury (ALI)\nin mice by reducing blood alcohol concentration, enhancing the activity\nof antioxidant and alcohol metabolism enzymes, and attenuating alcohol-induced\nhepatotoxicity, which was related to the activation of the Nrf2/keap1/HO-1\nsignaling pathway. The study provided preliminary evidence that the\ngeneration of ADH-activating peptides in ethanol-induced L. lactis has the potential in preventing ALI in\nmice using in silico prediction and in vivo validation approaches.
The effect of weight loss on brain age in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) suffer from metabolic conditions including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Moreover, they are at a high risk for cardiovascular disease and this could lead to a shortened life expectancy. Obesity is one of common comorbid conditions in SSDs, which has adverse effects on brain health. However, it is still unknown how metabolic disorders affect brain anatomy in SSDs, and the impacts of weight loss from pharmacological interventions are yet to be studied. This study includes a total of 48 patients with SSDs from three different clinical trials focusing on weight loss interventions. We acquired metabolic parameters, brain anatomical MRI, body mass index (BMI), cognition, and psychopathology scores at baseline and endpoint. We used a convolutional neural network-based classifier to calculate each patient’s brain-age gap estimate (brainAGE) based on high-quality brain structural T1 images. We examined the relationship between the reduction in BMI and brainAGE between two timepoints. There was a significant reduction in BMI (p < 0.001) between two timepoints. Additionally, the analysis revealed that none of the cognitive, or psychopathology measures demonstrated significant differences between the timepoints (p > 0.05). The results of the multiple regression analysis showed a positive association between the reduction in BMI and brainAGE (F(2,44) = 3.69, p = 0.03). Furthermore, there were no noteworthy associations observed between brainAGE and the aforementioned parameters (p > 0.05). This study revealed a positive correlation between brainAGE and significant weight loss in SSDs with comorbid obesity.
Anti Helminthis Activity of Alangium salviifolium against Pheretima posthumous

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study was intended to delineate the Anti Helminthis activity of Ankolam leaf extract. The crude extract was obtained by the employment of Soxhlet extraction method. The extract was used to screen the antagonistic activity in vitro by taking Pheretima posthumous as the study subject. B y the employment of molecular sequencing the identity of plant was confirmed as Alangium salviifolium. The results obtained proved the capability of extract to down regulate the biological activities of subject. Mortality was induced by varying concentrations (100-1000 ppm/ml). Interestingly the antagonistic activity was in direct proportional with the extract administrated. The analysis of phyto-constituents revealed that the extract is composed of polyphenols, Saponins, Flavonoids etc. Therefore, it is assumed that the biological activities are complimented by the phyto-components. The results obtained from the current studies can be further exploited in the field pharmaceuticals.
KW-2449 and VPA exert therapeutic effects on human neurons and cerebral organoids derived from MECP2-null hESCs

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Rett syndrome (RTT), mainly caused by mutations in methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2), is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in girls. However, the underlying mechanism of MECP2 remains largely unknown and currently there is no effective treatments available for RTT. Methods We generated MECP2-KO human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and differentiated them into neurons and cerebral organoids to investigate MECP2 loss-of-function phenotypes as well as potential therapeutic agents in human neuronal models, and the mechanism was verified after transcriptome sequencing. Results We found that MECP2 deletion caused reduced number of hESCs-derived neurons and simplified dendritic morphology. Moreover, MECP2-KO cortical organoids exhibited fewer neural progenitor cells and neurons at day 60. Transcriptome analysis of organoids identified an PI3K-AKT pathway downregulated following MECP2 deletion. Treatment with either KW-2449 or VPA, small molecules for the activation of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, alleviated neuronal deficits and transcriptome impairment of MECP2-KO human neuronal models. Conclusions Together, these data suggest that KW-2449 and VPA might be promising drugs for RTT treatment.
Input and output data for Alternative splicing impacts microRNA regulation within coding regions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the input data and output data for the publication "Alternative splicing impacts microRNA regulation within coding regions". The input data is necessary for reproducing the pipeline, whereas the output data contains results from our run of the pipeline. GSEA contains results from the Gene Set Enrichment analysis of the top 500 genes that predict miRNA expression with most significant p-values using the Molecular Signatures Database. As a further result of our analysis we provide a list of gene-miRNA pairs with highest effect size (cohen F2 score > 0.35) for all six investigated cancer types and settings.
Rape myth acceptance in Singapore : understanding the roles of gender, empathy and attitudes toward women

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Given the importance of rape myth acceptance in attitudes towards sexual violence and victims as well as the paucity of such studies in a non-western context, this study aimed to examine whether empathy and gender role attitudes interact with gender to influence rape myth acceptance in Singapore. One hundred and forty-one Singaporeans and Permanent Residents (52 males, 89 females) aged 18 to 57 years were randomly assigned to either an objective or empathy condition, in which they were instructed to either remain detached or to place themselves in the victim’s position while reading a written vignette of a rape scenario. Results showed that lower levels of empathy were not significantly associated with rape myth acceptance, and both empathy and empathy priming did not interact with gender to affect rape myth acceptance. However, consistent with past studies, male participants were found to have significantly higher rape myth acceptance and lower levels of empathy than female participants. In addition, the study found gender role attitudes to be a significant moderator of the relationship between gender and RMA. The results help provide insight into the key role that these attitudes play by suggesting that female participants with more traditional gender role attitudes are likely to have greater rape myth acceptance as compared to male participants with more egalitarian gender role attitudes. Implications of these results and future directions are discussed.
Eating Causes Clinically Significant Distress: Food Addiction as a Disordered Belief in Anorexia Nervosa?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, dietary restriction resulting in a significant weight loss compared with what is expected, and a disturbance in body image on a psychological basis. Recently, cases of AN associated with food addiction (FA) were described in almost all patients (69%), bringing a controversial aspect to the restrictive subtype (AN-r) that, in theory, even in the absence of binge eating, would present difficulties regarding control. Objectives: To report a case of an adolescent with AN-r associated with FA. Methods: Clinical history, current status, psychiatric diagnosis, and scores on scales to assess FA, food craving, and binge eating were analyzed. Results: This case report emphasizes the importance of new diagnostic tools to identify FA and whether it exists in people with AN-r beyond distress regarding eating behavior, cravings, and guilt. Eating behavior also presents a negative value that delays the elaboration process and the emergence of food cravings. In addition, an analysis of the association between the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa with the Yale Food Addiction Scale statements and criteria was discovered. Conclusions: Based on the characteristics of AN, emotional dysregulation and eating difficulties seem to overlap with FA symptoms.
Salivary levels of mutans streptococci associated with restorations: a case-control study.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Our aim was to estimate whether restorative therapy with amalgam and composite resin could decrease salivary mutans streptococcal level, thus also decreasing the risk for other caries development. We selected a case group of 93 children with detectable salivary mutans levels (i.e., at least 1x10(4) cfu/ml), and a control group (n=93 subjects) with undetectable levels. Children had the same age (12 years), no extracted teeth, crowns, temporary fillings, and restorations other than amalgam and composite resin, and the two groups had similar gender distribution. We clinically examined children and recorded active caries, restorations and oral hygiene level by means of gingival bleeding on probing; we also investigated sucrose intake at breakfast. The case group had statistically significant higher prevalence of restorations (36.6% vs. 18.3%), active caries (44.1% vs. 12.9%), and bad oral hygiene (84.9% vs. 68.8%) than the control group. However, the logistic regression analysis showed that presence of active caries was the only significant variable associated with mutans streptococci (OR=4.0; p=0.0002), while the effects of sucrose intake and of restorations were marginally significant. This apparent contrast between statistical analyses was due to the concomitant presence, in children with detectable mutans streptococci level, of restorations and decayed teeth at the same time, and, on the basis of the multivariate analysis, presence of mutans streptococci in these children was explained by the presence of active caries, more than restorations.
Life-history variation among three populations of the toad-headed lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii along an elevation gradient on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Elevation and related environmental factors is a main factor for life-history variation in ectothermic species. To test if altitude can explain variation in life-history traits in the toad-headed lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii, we sampled gravid females from three localities (Delingha: elevation 2910m, Daotanghe: 3367m; Maduo: 4257m) and measured parturition time, snout-vent length (SVL) at sexual maturity, female body size and postpartum body condition, litter size, litter mass, relative litter mass (RLM), size and mass of newborn offspring. Females gave birth between 25 July and 28 August, and females from lower elevations were earlier than those from higher elevations. Female SVL at sexual maturity and mean SVL, litter size, litter mass, relative litter mass and offspring size varied among populations, whereas female post-parturition body mass and offspring mass remained invariant. Females from the highest elevation had a greater SVL at sexual maturity, mean SVL and abdominal length. Both litter size and litter mass were positively correlated with female SVL. Females from the higher elevation localities (Maduo and Daotanghe) had a lower RLM than those from the lowest elevation (Delingha). Furthermore, females from the highest elevation produced fewer and larger (SVL but not mass) offspring than those from the other localities. Trade-offs between offspring size and number were detected in Delingha and Daotanghe, respectively, but not in Maduo. At a given level of litter size, offspring size was similar between Delingha and Daotanghe.
Receptor tyrosine kinase‐like orphan receptor 1, a target of NKX2‐1/TTF‐1 lineage‐survival oncogene, inhibits apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1‐mediated pro‐apoptotic signaling in lung adenocarcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We previously identified receptor tyrosine kinase‐like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) as a transcriptional target of the NKX2‐1/TTF‐1 lineage‐survival oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma. ROR1 consequently sustains a favorable balance between pro‐survival phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase–protein kinase B and pro‐apoptotic apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)‐p38MAPK signaling. In contrast to recent advances in understanding how ROR1 sustains pro‐survival signaling, the mechanism of ROR1 repression of pro‐apoptotic signaling remains rather elusive. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of ROR1‐mediated inhibition of the ASK1‐p38MAPK signaling pathway. Growth inhibition mediated by siROR1 was partially but significantly alleviated by ASK1 co‐knockdown in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Also, ASK1 phosphorylation at Thr845, which reflects its activated state, was clearly inhibited by ROR1 overexpression in both steady state and oxidative stress‐elicited conditions in MSTO‐211H cells. In addition, we found that ROR1 was physically associated with ASK1 at the C‐terminal serine threonine‐rich domain of ROR1. Furthermore, ROR1 kinase activity was shown to be required to repress the ASK1–p38 axis and oxidative stress‐induced cell death. The present findings thus support our notion that ROR1 sustains lung adenocarcinoma survival, at least in part, through direct physical interaction with ASK1 and consequential repression of the pro‐apoptotic ASK1–p38 axis in a ROR1 kinase activity‐dependent manner.