jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Online capacitance estimation of DC-link electrolytic capacitors for three-phase AC/DC/AC PWM converters using recursive least squares method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel online capacitance estimation method for a DC-link capacitor in a three-phase AC/DC/AC PWM converter is prepared. At no load, a controlled AC current with a lower frequency than the line frequency is injected into the input side, which then causes AC voltage ripples at the DC output side. By extracting the AC voltage and current components on the DC output side using digital filters, the capacitance can then be calculated using the recursive least squares method. The proposed method can be simply implemented with only software and no additional hardware. Experimental results confirm that the estimation error is less than 0.26%.
Process–Structure Map for Diamond‐Like Carbon Fibers from Ethene at Hyperbaric Pressures

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract High‐pressure laser chemical vapor deposition (HP‐LCVD) is a powerful tool for growing complex microstructures at rapid rates. Not only is it possible to deposit functionally graded materials, but new metastable phases, alloys, and composite materials may be realized. In this paper, the diversity of microstructures that may be obtained through HP‐LCVD is demonstrated, including the growth of metastable materials, e.g., diamond‐like carbon (DLC). For the first time, a pressure–temperature ( P–T ) phase diagram has been created for HP‐LCVD, identifying nine distinct material phases of carbon from ethene. Regions of high sp 3 content are identified via Raman spectroscopy. The kinetics, rate limitations, and thermodynamics of the process are also characterized at hyperbaric pressures, creating a first‐ever process‐rate map—covering the entire useful pressure range for ethene. Thermodynamically enhanced growth is also documented for the first time, where the contribution of the heat of reaction is much greater than the incident laser power—demonstrating a quasi‐self‐sustaining reaction. Finally, sufficient information is provided to reconstruct specific fiber geometries, structures, and growth rates for potential industrial production of carbon fibers from the gas phase.
High Temperature Oxidation of Zirconium Alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Zirconium alloys are routinely used as fuel cladding materials in nuclear reactors due to the low absorption cross section for thermal neutrons combined with sufficient mechanical properties, and reasonably good corrosion resistance under normal operating conditions. The corrosion behavior of typical zirconium alloys have been investigated extensively in water and steam environments below 500°C. Much less is known about the corrosion behaviors during unexpected transients where temperatures may rise considerably. Previous studies have shown that the corrosion rate is accelerated in air due to the presence of nitrogen. Due to small variations in the alloying substituents certain alloys have been shown to be more resistant to corrosion in air than the industry leading alloys. In this investigation the high temperature air corrosion behavior of three alloys has been characterized with differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and electron and optical microscopy. In this study we contrast the differences in oxidation kinetics as well as high temperature phase transformations between the three alloys.
Ser empresario y emprendedor: factores humanos claves que inciden en el éxito o fracaso de pequeñas empresas de Palmira, 2019

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the context of entrepreneurship, it is common to treat the entrepreneur and the businessman indistinctly when they are very different roles and require different skills. This leads to misdiagnosis when it comes to establishing why a high percentage of companies that register with the Chamber of Commerce of Palmira close early. In this paper, the terms human factors of both the entrepreneur and the businessman are differentiated theoretically and conceptually in order to establish: What is the impact of human factors of entrepreneurs and businessmen on the results of the management of small businesses in Palmira, 2019? The research developed a descriptive methodology, where the entrepreneurial and business skills of those who lead the businesses were differentiated and hierarchized, whether they are the managers or owners of the businesses that are in operation or have closed between 2015 and 2019. Analyzing the results in the light of the proposed theories, we find those factors that are given greater importance to be potentialized, as well as those factors that are given less importance and need to be strengthened.
The problem of unifying moral intention and action in the Mencius

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis mainly explores the problem of how to unify one’s moral intention with one’s actions from Mencius’s perspective. A common approach is the knowledge−motivation model, which assumes that an action is the adjunction of correct moral knowledge and motivation. This model usually directs our attention to a specific action. However, Mencius advocates that the temporal dimension is needed. The temporal dimension assumes that the moral agent also needs persistent practice and habituation. Since Mencius does not have the knowledge−motivation dichotomy, he regards moral knowledge and motivation as an integration. Mencius thinks human beings are endowed with a natural moral disposition, known as the “four sprouts,” (si duan 四端) which contains both of these two categories, following which Mencius proposes that one should practice following his moral disposition persistently. Also, when one fails to practice moral intention, it does not mean he has lost his moral disposition. Instead, it is because he has not followed his moral disposition. Thus, Mencius’s focus is on how to increase the consistency of moral actions and then to habituate them. This process is called “moral extension.” To realize moral extension, two components are important: one is si 思 (reflecting) and the other is one’s qi 气 (vital energy). These two components assist one to achieve moral fortitude so that he reliably and stably acts morally in any situation. Thus, moral fortitude might be a way out of this problem.
International medical graduates (IMG) representation at international oncology conference meetings.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

9000 Background: Despite IMGs accounting for up to one-third of all practicing oncologists in the United States, little is known about their contributions to presentations at international oncology meetings, such as the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). Therefore, we investigated the representation of IMGs in invited faculty roles at ASCO Annual Meetings. Methods: Speaker presentation details at ASCO 2022 and 2023 Annual Meetings were collected using publicly available program guides. We collected presentation-level variables of invited faculty roles (discussant, moderator, chairmanship, session topic presenter) and original research type (oral abstract, poster discussion, plenary session). Speaker-level variables comprised presumed gender, academic rank, and institution. Speakers were categorized into the following groups - American Medical Graduate (AMG): currently affiliated with a US institution, completed medical school in the US; IMG: affiliated with a US institution, completed medical school outside the US; non-US based speakers: affiliated with an institution outside the US; non-MD speakers. Univariable and multivariable analyses were employed to assess factors associated with the selection of presenters for invited faculty roles. Results: A total of 3337 presentations (1649 from 2022, 1688 from 2023) were included. 71.6% of the speakers were US-based, 56.6% were male and 40.5% were full professors. The highest proportion of podium presentations was by AMGs (48.5%), followed by non-US based (28.3%), IMGs (14.1%), and non-MD (9.1%) speakers. 57% of IMG presentations consisted of original research compared to 48.7% for AMGs (Table). Notably, compared to AMGs, IMGs were significantly less likely to be included in invited faculty roles (odds ratio [OR] 0.72 [95% CI 0.58 – 0.88], p <0.01), a finding that remained significant after accounting for gender and academic rank (adjusted OR 0.75 [0.61 – 0.94], p= 0.01). Conclusions: Relative to IMGs’ original research output, IMGs appear to receive less invitations for ASCO Annual Meeting invited faculty roles compared to AMGs. Our findings suggest potential under-representation and under-recognition of IMGs in these roles, despite their contributions to the oncology workforce in the US. [Table: see text]
Civilian Control Under Fire: Resisting Challenges from the Military in Venezuela, 1992

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter describes the eruption of military rebellion in Venezuela in 1992 due to the decline of institutionalized civilian control over the armed forces. It examines the changes that occurred in the democratic regime and its armed forces which led to attempts by military officers to displace civilian rule, including the reasons why the coup attempts failed. The chapter also illuminates the dysfunctional aspects of Venezuela's political system, such as political decline, economic austerity, and breakdown of consensual politics.
(295) Prostatic Urethral Lift (PUL) is Superior to TURP in the Preservation of Ejaculatory Function in Patients with Obstructive Median Lobes (OML)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction For the past several years, the AUA has recommended PUL as a treatment option for eligible patients who desire preservation of erectile and ejaculatory function. Objective This analysis serves as the first detailed assessment of sexual function and symptom outcomes among patients treated with PUL, TURP or sham in controlled and real-world studies of PUL. Methods Outcomes including MSHQ bother and ejaculatory function scores were compared for the following groups through 12 months: 66 patients from the L.I.F.T. pivotal RCT with lateral lobe (LL) obstruction randomized to sham, 36 men with LL obstruction in the BPH6 RCT randomized to TURP, and 45 men with OML in MedLift, the FDA-approved IDA extension of the LIFT trial. Patients in the large RWR study were filtered to approximate the MedLift population and results for the 187 OML patients were compared with MedLift. Results OML patients treated with PUL demonstrated superior ejaculatory function and bother scores compared to TURP LL only at all timepoints (Figure 1); at 1- and 3 months, MedLift subjects also experienced significantly better IPSS and QoL improvement post-PUL compared to TURP. IPSS improvement was 170% greater for MedLift subjects than sham LL at 3 months; MedLift subjects experienced significantly better QoL, Qmax, and BPHII improvements over the same time period. IPSS, QoL, Qmax, and PVR outcomes were equivalent for MedLift and RWR OML groups at 3-, 6-, and 12 months post-PUL; overall adverse events were not elevated in the RWR OML group. Conclusions Compared to TURP, PUL provides quicker symptom improvement during the early post-operative period with superior ejaculatory function outcomes through 12 months post-treatment in patients with OML. PUL continues to preserve sexual function for BPH patients despite LL or OML obstruction. Disclosure Yes, this is sponsored by industry/sponsor: Neotract, Inc./Teleflex Clarification Industry initiated, executed and funded study Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Neotract, Inc./Teleflex.
Creating digital twins of the shoulder complex to improve pre-operative planning of joint replacement surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Computational models of the musculoskeletal system, coupled with wearable sensors for real-time feedback (i.e. the Digital Twin) have tremendous clinical application in the field of orthopaedics and joint replacement, which currently relies upon the skill and experience of a surgeon to achieve a good outcome. This is particularly true for shoulder arthroplasty (glenohumeral joint replacement), as the shoulder has a large range of motion that is stabilised and controlled by coordinated activation of many muscles crossing the joint. A computational model that represents the anatomy of the patient, can simulate the motion and forces of the joint and then predict clinical outcomes for varying implant designs and placements would provide orthopaedic surgeons with the necessary tools to plan surgeries and achieve better outcomes. However, several challenges need to be addressed before bringing the Digital Twin into clinical practice: 1. Creating models of the complex anatomy (bones, muscles, joints, ligaments etc) is time-consuming and required 3D medical imaging 2. Measuring and characterising movement of the shoulder is challenging, as the shoulder moves across the rib cage and lies underneath soft tissue 3. Bone is a living tissue, and responds to its surrounding mechanical environment, so predicting how an implant might perform in a patient requires some understanding and prediction of bone adaptation and remodelling processes. We propose a paradigm shift towards personalised medicine for shoulder arthroplasty by developing methods to rapidly generate a Digital Twin of the shoulder, updating this model with wearable sensor technology to measure and characterise motion and computational approaches to bone remodelling. This talk will present some of the approaches and validation studies that have been completed thus far to address the challenges above. The methods and models developed within this work aim to provide the clinician with quantitative information in the shoulder arthroplasty surgery planning phase and ultimately improve long-term outcomes for patients.
Streamlining social media information retrieval for public health research with deep learning

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Social media-based public health research is crucial for epidemic surveillance, but most studies identify relevant corpora with keyword-matching. This study develops a system to streamline the process of curating colloquial medical dictionaries. We demonstrate the pipeline by curating a Unified Medical Language System (UMLS)-colloquial symptom dictionary from COVID-19-related tweets as proof of concept. Methods COVID-19-related tweets from February 1, 2020, to April 30, 2022 were used. The pipeline includes three modules: a named entity recognition module to detect symptoms in tweets; an entity normalization module to aggregate detected entities; and a mapping module that iteratively maps entities to Unified Medical Language System concepts. A random 500 entity samples were drawn from the final dictionary for accuracy validation. Additionally, we conducted a symptom frequency distribution analysis to compare our dictionary to a pre-defined lexicon from previous research. Results We identified 498 480 unique symptom entity expressions from the tweets. Pre-processing reduces the number to 18 226. The final dictionary contains 38 175 unique expressions of symptoms that can be mapped to 966 UMLS concepts (accuracy = 95%). Symptom distribution analysis found that our dictionary detects more symptoms and is effective at identifying psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression, often missed by pre-defined lexicons. Conclusions This study advances public health research by implementing a novel, systematic pipeline for curating symptom lexicons from social media data. The final lexicon's high accuracy, validated by medical professionals, underscores the potential of this methodology to reliably interpret, and categorize vast amounts of unstructured social media data into actionable medical insights across diverse linguistic and regional landscapes.
Efficient techniques for supporting mobile hosts in wireless networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Traditionally, network protocols were designed with the objective of supporting fixed network elements and end-hosts. This dissertation examines network layer aspects of location management, handoff management, route optimization, and transport of signaling messages to support mobile users in hierarchically routed networks such as IP (Internet Protocol)-based or ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)-based networks.
Integrated, one-phase crankback, LR (Location Register), and flat location management schemes are developed to track mobiles and route data/connections. The integrated scheme uses features of current dynamic routing and signaling protocols with minimal modifications to support mobility, but data could follow a suboptimally routed path. The one-phase crankback scheme uses topology information and the technique of crankback to set up optimally routed connections. While the integrated and the one-phase crankback schemes integrate location management (Integrated approach) with routing and signaling protocols, the LR scheme and the flat scheme use an overlay (Overlay approach) of external location registers to perform location management. LR scheme is a generalized overlay-approach scheme. Effect of user and network characteristics on design of optimal location management architectures is studied. Results show that at low Call-to-Mobility Ratio (CMR < 0.025), the overlay approach performs better than the integrated approach.
Handoff management procedures reroute connections when a user moves. One-phase dynamic handoff scheme which results in an optimally routed path and incurs low latency, and signaling and buffering alternatives to perform lossless and in-sequence delivery of data are developed.
A route optimization procedure to reroute suboptimal connections that result during connection setup or during handoffs is developed. Amount of resources required for a suboptimally routed connection can be significantly reduced by performing this route optimization.
A method to efficiently transport short messages in a connection-oriented network, by utilizing existing routing information is developed. Connectionless ATM protocol (CL-ATM) uses this method to transport short messages in ATM Networks. CL-ATM protocol provides an efficient method to transport IP traffic over ATM backbone.
These techniques are implemented in a prototype with mobile users, to demonstrate effective working of data-transfer, real-time, and interactive applications.
[Some etiological aspects of vegetovascular dysfunction with hypotensive type in children].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The review deals with the role of main etiological factors of the development of vegetovascular dysfunction with hypotensive type in children. The factors were divided into predisposing, directly causal and provocative. A carried out analysis allowed to establish a wide variety of their harmful influence on humans and in particular, on different levels of regulation of homeostatic parameters in children. These factors promote the start of pathogenetic mechanisms, which bring about disruption of the normal function of adaptation mechanisms.
“Worst-Case” Aerosol Testing Parameters: III. Initial Penetration of Charged and Neutralized Lead Fume and Silica Dust Aerosols through Clean, Unloaded Respirator Filters

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) tests and certifies respirator filter media according to Title 30, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 11 (30 CFR 11). Subpart K of those regulations specifies that a silica dust test, silica mist test, and/or lead fume test will be used to test and certify dust and mist; and dust, fume, and mist particulate air-purifying respirator filter media. NIOSH studies have shown that an aerosol particle of a certain size can be identified as the most penetrating particle ("worst case") size. Commercial filter media of various types have been studied and the filter's performance against a worst-case sodium chloride (NaCl) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) aerosol evaluated. This investigation was done to complement those previous studies by determining how one manufacturer's particulate filters performed against the existing certification aerosol challenges as compared with the worst-case size DOP and NaCl aerosols. Only initial penetration values were determined, and no loading effects were considered. Both neutralized (Boltzman charge distribution) and unneutralized aerosols were used in order to assess the contribution of charging. The results show the dramatic effect of particle size on filter efficiency, and they show that the present methods are not as sensitive as the worst-case aerosol method.
A Strain of an Emerging Indian Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Pathotype Defeats the Rice Bacterial Blight Resistance Gene xa13 Without Inducing a Clade III SWEET Gene and Is Nearly Identical to a Recent Thai Isolate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The rice bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) injects transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) that bind and activate host 'susceptibility' (S) genes important for disease. Clade III SWEET genes are major S genes for bacterial blight. The resistance genes xa5, which reduces TALE activity generally, and xa13, a SWEET11 allele not recognized by the cognate TALE, have been effectively deployed. However, strains that defeat both resistance genes individually were recently reported in India and Thailand. To gain insight into the mechanism(s), we completely sequenced the genome of one such strain from each country and examined the encoded TALEs. Strikingly, the two strains are clones, sharing nearly identical TALE repertoires, including a TALE known to activate SWEET11 strongly enough to be effective even when diminished by xa5. We next investigated SWEET gene induction by the Indian strain. The Indian strain induced no clade III SWEET in plants harbouring xa13, indicating a pathogen adaptation that relieves dependence on these genes for susceptibility. The findings open a door to mechanistic understanding of the role SWEET genes play in susceptibility and illustrate the importance of complete genome sequence-based monitoring of Xoo populations in developing varieties with effective disease resistance.
Evaluation of iron profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of tertiary care center of central India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Evaluation of iron profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of tertiary care center of central India - IJCBR- Print ISSN No: - 2394-6369 Online ISSN No:- 2394-6377 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/2394-6377.2019.0005, International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research-Int J Clin Biochem Res
Fostering Food Market Development in Zambia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article assesses major features of the Zambian agricultural market that have led to the underdevelopment of the staple food marketing system, reviews existing empirical evidence explaining the variable performance of the maize sub-sector, and suggests potential corrective measures. As smallholder farmers in agricultural markets are considered to be vitally important to the attainment of food security, special attention is placed on how the current system affects these farmers, and on how to foster improved participation. The role and potential of new generation cooperatives is also considered.We identify seven major areas in need of serious and coordinated attention if the state of the agricultural sector and marketing functions is to improve.