jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Erector spinae plane block complementary analgesic to enhance recovery after cardiac surgery: A prospective double-blinded randomized controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Post-sternotomy pain is a significant challenge in cardiac surgeries. Effective pain management can reduce opioid reliance and lower pain scores, contributing to shorter hospital stays. The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has shown promise as an analgesic for various surgical procedures. Given the frequency of sternotomies in our center and the associated prolonged pain that delays intensive care unit (ICU) discharge, we aimed to assess the impact of ESPB on postoperative opioid (fentanyl) use and pain levels up to 48 h after extubation. Methods: This study was a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving 80 adult patients (ASA III) scheduled for cardiac surgery. Participants were randomized into two groups: the ESPB group ( n = 40; bilateral 0.25% bupivacaine, 20 mL) and a control group ( n = 40; no ESPB). The main outcomes measured were fentanyl use post-surgery and pain scores using the visual analog scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes included intraoperative fentanyl use, time to first analgesic dose, extubation timing, and ICU stay duration. SPSS v.26 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The ESPB group had significantly reduced fentanyl consumption during intubation (150 [0–800] vs. 950 [30–5260], P < 0.0001), at 3 h post-extubation (25 [0–50] vs. 0 [0–200], P = 0.034), 12 h post-extubation (0 [0–80] vs. 0 [0–200], P = 0.002), over 12 h total (0 [0–100] vs. 30 [0–600], P = 0.01), at 24 h (0 [0–100] vs. 30 [0–900], P = 0.003), and at 48 h (0 [0–100] vs. 50 [0–1200], P = 0.001). VAS scores were consistently lower for the ESPB group at rest at multiple points up to 48 h ( P < 0.0001). Additionally, the ESPB group required less intraoperative fentanyl ( P = 0.001), had shorter ICU stays ( P = 0.009), and faster extubation times ( P = 0.013). The time to first analgesic and paracetamol use did not differ significantly ( P = 0.97 and 0.255, respectively). Conclusions: The findings suggest that ESPB is an effective addition to multimodal anesthesia for cardiac surgery, significantly reducing pain and opioid use, and improving postoperative outcomes.
Virtual Communities of Practice

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter investigates the phenomenon of virtual communities of practice, and proposes them to be efficient for individual’s knowledge retrieval, when they work in a geographically dispersed organization, such as a multinational corporation. The virtual community of practice is likely to reduce the contextual gaps that typically exist between senders and receivers of knowledge, as it includes the possibility of feedback loops in the information exchange process. However, the organization must provide a knowledge-sharing friendly culture, and an institutional protectionism, in order to establish the required level of trust, being the foundation for knowledge exchanges within the virtual community.
Dark states in an integrable XY central spin model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Eigenstates of central spin models in which the central spin is unentangled with the environment are known as dark states. They have recently been observed in a class of integrable XX models. Here we find that dark states are present in XY models, but only for particular configurations of the central spin magnetic field. We show this via an explicit construction of the Bethe states.
THE EFFECTS OF PUBLIC R&D SUBSIDIZED LOANS ON FIRMS' R&D OUTPUTS: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

R&D subsidized loans (tiexi daikuan) is an effective market-driven solution to promote firms' R&D outputs, including patent applications and new product sales, in China. However, empirical examination on the effects of subsidized loans is insufficient. Using a panel data of manufacturing firms of Jiangsu Province from 2010 to 2014, the study investigates the effects of R&D subsidized loans on firms' R&D outputs in comparison to that of the direct R&D grants. The results show that R&D subsidized loan recipients significantly outperform those who only receive direct grants in terms of new product sales. Meanwhile, subsidized loans inhibit the recipients' exploratory patent applications and discourage R&D activities with higher risks. This study contributes to R&D subsidy literature and extends the knowledge in the roles of different types of public sponsorships on firms' innovation.
The statistic result of synthesis on the aortic sound of dogs from beat to beat

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An algorithm that consists of the mean filter of forward and backward predictor (MFB) and linear regression was used to estimate the parameters of a dog's aortic sound from beat to beat using an exponentially damped sinusoid model. Two hundred and ten aortic sounds were synthesized by the estimated parameters. The error index was less than 1%. In general, the number of damped sinusoid components was from three to six, but the number of the dominant components was three.< >
Pathogenicity and compatibility studies of native Tolypocladium inflatum and Clonostachys krabiensis against Tetranychus urticae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The twospotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a major pest of field and greenhouse crops leading to qualitative and quantitative losses. Various chemical‐based acaricides are being used for its management that pose risks to human health, environment and non‐targeted organisms besides the development of resistance and resurgence of the pests. Therefore, alternative mite management practices are being promoted and implemented. Amongst them, entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) like Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium spp. are being used globally, although new alternative EPF are required. Keeping this in mind, the present study was comprehended to determine the pathogenicity of native EPF, viz., Tolypocladium inflatum (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae) and Clonostachys krabiensis (Hypocreales: Bionectriaceae) against different life stages of TSSM under laboratory conditions. The results indicated that adults are more vulnerable to studied fungi followed by nymphs and eggs of TSSM. The combined application of T . inflatum and C . krabiensis was significantly effective in controlling TSSM adults (99.33%) followed by T . inflatum (93.34%) and C . krabiensis (85.33%). According to the probit analysis, the combined application of studied EPF was found to be more effective against TSSM adults (LC 50 = 6.72 × 10 4 conidia/mL) followed by T . inflatum (LC 50 = 1.92 × 10 6 conidia/mL) and C . krabiensis (LC 50 = 7.90 × 10 6 conidia/mL). All three treatments at higher concentrations significantly reduced the adult and nymph populations. Morphological investigations using scanning electron microscopy revealed the successful conidial adhesion, germination and penetration of native T . inflatum and C . krabiensis conidia on TSSM adults. Thus, the acaricidal potential of isolated native fungi can further be explored for developing fungal‐based formulations for the sustainable management of mites.
Star coloring splitting graphs of cycles

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A star coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper vertex coloring such that the subgraph induced by any pair of color classes is a star forest. The star chromatic number of $G$ is the minimum number of colors needed to star color $G$. In this paper we determine the star-chromatic number of the splitting graphs of cycles of length $n$ with $n \equiv 1 \pmod 3$ and $n=5$, resolving an open question of Furnmańczyk, Kowsalya, and Vernold Vivin.
The Comparison of Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis versus Open Plate Fixation in the Treatment of in the Distal Femur Fracture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment through retrospective comparison of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) vs open plate fixation in the treatment of the distal femur fractures. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one patients with distal femur fractures from January 2002 to December 2010 were divided into two groups depending on the surgical method. Minimum follow up was 12 months. Group A consisted of 17 patients treated with MIPPO, and group B was comprised of 14 patients treated with open plate fixation. Clinical outcomes including operation time, transfusion rate, rehabilitation, range of motion, and interval change of postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated to assess postoperative inflammatory reaction, postoperative complications and clinical results with the use of Sanders criteria. Results: The operative time was 86/135 min and transfusion volume was 0.8/1.9 unit respectively. The postoperative 3-day and 7-day CRP were 7.4/1.5 mg% in group A and 10.3/2.4 mg% in group B, showing more minimal tissue injury and early recovery in group A. There were no significant differences in clinical results by Sanders criteria in both groups. Conclusion: Both MIPPO and open plate fixation for the treatment of distal femur fractures showed comparably good results. However, the MIPPO technique is superior to group B in view of minimal tissue injury and operation time and was proven to lessen the transfusion rate.
Management of cubital tunnel syndrome by anterior trans-muscular transposition of the ulnar nerve

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Various surgical options are used for the treatment of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow. In this study, anterior trans-muscular transposition of the ulnar nerve was used for the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome. Objectives To evaluate the surgical results of anterior trans-muscular transposition technique for the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome with particular emphasis on clinical outcome. Methods Forty patients with cubital tunnel syndrome were operated using anterior trans-muscular transposition technique. Patients were classified into post-operative clinical outcome grades according to the Wilson & Krout criteria, and they were followed up by visual analog scale (VAS), the Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, electrophysiological study, and post-operative clinical evaluation. Results Forty patients with cubital tunnel syndrome who underwent anterior trans-muscular transposition of the ulnar nerve show a significant clinical improvement at 24 months post-surgery regarding visual analog scale (VAS), the Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, electrophysiological study, and the Wilson & Krout grading as 87.5% of the patients recorded excellent and good outcome. Conclusion Anterior transmuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve is a safe and effective treatment for ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow.
Systemic enablers and barriers to extending the productive life of dairy cows in Switzerland

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Research has shown that the economic and ecological optimum productive life of dairy cows is between six and seven lactations, but the current average length in Switzerland, and many other countries, is approximately half that figure. Reasons for culling can be unplanned, such as illness, or planned, such as to achieve breeding goals, but the reasons for the sub-optimal length of productive life are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to investigate systemic barriers to, and enablers of, the extension of the length of productive life of dairy cows in Switzerland. To address this aim, we focused on the power of actor groups in the incumbent system to induce change. We analysed the content of 29 interviews with industry experts, including practising vets, agricultural advisors, breeders' organisations, farmers' organisations, dairies and retailers, government officials, and agricultural educators. The results indicate that vets, advisors, and breeders' organisations have key resources, which could potentially be mobilized to achieve an optimal length of productive life. These resources include their relationships to farmers (human resource), their knowledge, information/data, and strategy (mental resources), and the breeding value (artefactual resource). However, the incumbent system is inflexible, which hinders individual industry actors to facilitate change. Collaborative reflection at industry level, led by breeders' associations, vets, and advisors, may create the conditions to create change and enable an optimization of the productive life of dairy cows in Switzerland.
Evaluation of overlay-based data dissemination over Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In tactical applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), such as intruder detection, tracking, and patrol operations, there tend to be multiple, mobile end-users who work amidst the sensors in the field to which data from individual sensors must be directly delivered. Efficient data dissemination in such networks is a challenging problem, since sensors with detections must be able to identify functioning routes to all relevant end-users. In this research, we have developed a framework for efficient data dissemination over energy- and bandwidth-constrained WSNs, which accommodates end-user mobility. Our technical approach is based on communication abstractions provided by HyperCast [30], which is an open-source platform for application-layer communication. We use the Delaunay Triangulation (DT) topology of HyperCast to organize the one-to-many and one-toone communications from sensors to end users and sensors to sensors, respectively. The advantages of HyperCast based data dissemination are discussed in detail and are compared to other communication protocols. We illustrate this framework in a “Patrol Scenario” simulation testbed, involving a set of unattended ground sensors and mobile end users trying to maximize both (i) the rate of capturing intruders passing through an area of interest and (ii) the operating lifetime of the sensor field.
The Distribution of Larger Species of Birds Breeding on the Coasts of Foxe Basin and Northern Hudson Bay, Canada

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aerial surveys of large birds on the coasts of Foxe Basin and northern Hudson Bay were carried out in late June and early July in 1979, 1983 and 1984. Greatest numbers of birds were seen along low-lying coasts backed by wet lowland tundra, particularly where these merged into extensive inter-tidal flats. These areas have emerged from the sea only during the past 2000 years. Even in areas of wet lowland tundra, all species except jaegers appeared to be patchy in their distribution, the patches being unrelated to obvious features of the habitat. We suggest that breeding habitat for many species is not completely occupied, at least in normal breeding seasons. We propose that statutory protection be extended to all or parts of Prince Charles and Air Force islands, which support high numbers of several species and are currently unprotected.Key words: arctic birds, coastal breeding, aerial surveys, Foxe Basin, Hudson Bay
Filter radiometry based on direct utilization of trap detectors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new design for a filter radiometer based on a trap detector, a set of temperature-controlled filters, and a precision aperture is described. This filter radiometer can be used to realize high-accuracy scales for illuminance, luminous intensity, and spectral irradiance. The new filter radiometer is an improved version of our earlier designs. It has been improved in such a way that the filter can be easily and reliably changed. This makes it more suitable for spectral irradiance measurements, where lamps usually have to be measured at several wavelengths. The results of the characterization of the filter radiometer equipped with a lambda filter using two different methods are presented. The results are in agreement at the level of 0.3%.
Risk factors influencing suicidal ideation of multicultural adolescents in South Korea – Based on The Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey 2021

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There have been huge changes in the diversity of Korean society within the latest decade. While diverse ethnicity is now realized in all sub-societies, from families, educational institutions, and to the whole of society, understanding about multicultural adolescents and their lives threatened by mental health is still not established. In this study, risk factors influencing their suicidal ideation were studied based on The Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey 2021 which is a questionnaire-based data. The 1,169 multicultural adolescents (at least one of whose parents is from a foreign nation) were subject to this study. As result, the level of stress, depression, and health status were regarded statistically significant to the risk of suicidal ideation. Moreover, these factors were analyzed via multivariate logistic regression analysis, and the suicidal ideation of multicultural adolescents increases 2.285 times when they have severe stress and 5.469 times so in the case of those who had experienced depression. Herein, risk factors including the above are represented and discussed by scrutinizing any environmental factors around them.
Inapparent Hypoxemia Associated with Skeletal Injuries*t BY LIEUTENANT COMMANDER LANCE J. WROBEL,

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT: A prospective study of 100 patients with isolated skeletal injuries re-vealed that seventy had inapparent hypoxemia(Pao2 eighty millimeters of mercury) and twenty-four were severely hypoxic (Pao seventy millimeters of mercury) as determined by arterial blood-gas analysis within thirty-six hours after injury. Pa-tients with the highest risk of developing severe hypoxemia were those with fractures of the lower extremity. The incidence of hypoxemia was the same in patients with open and closed injuries, as well as in those who did and did not receive regional anesthesia or sedation. The hypoxemia appeared to be related to intrapulmonary shunting, possibly caused by subclinical fat emboli. Two patients had the full-blown clinical picture of fat embolism with frank pulmonary insufficiency. Serial determi-nations of arterial oxygen can identify patients in whom the fat embolism syndrome is likely to develop. Arterial hypoxemia associated with major non-thoracic trauma is being reported with increasing frequency . Hypoxia associated with fractures was originally described by Sproule, Brady, and Gilbert. Since that time, many authors 1.2.5.6,9 have repeatedly em-
AFT-16: Phase II trial of atezolizumab before and after definitive chemoradiation (CRT) for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

9045 Background: A minority of the > 40,000 patients (pts) diagnosed with stage III NSCLC annually in the US are cured by CRT, more recently followed by adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). PD-L1 blockade with CRT may attenuate tumor-related immunosuppression via depletion of regulatory T cells and clonal expansion of effector T cells. Further, CRT may expose otherwise hidden antigens that present additional targets to the reconstituting immune system. Adjuvant ICI has improved survival. Whether ICI before CRT will further improve outcomes is unknown. Methods: This Alliance Foundation Trials (AFT) study evaluated safety and efficacy of atezolizumab before and after CRT. 4 cycles of atezolizumab 1200 mg IV q 21 days with restaging after cycles 2 and 4 were followed by carboplatin and paclitaxel (C/P) weekly with 60 Gy radiation and C/P consolidation followed by atezolizumab for 1 year of therapy. Primary endpoint is disease control rate (DCR) (complete response + partial response (PR) + stable disease (SD)) at 12 weeks (wks). Secondary endpoints include overall response rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, safety and quality of life assessed by EORTC QLQ-30. Correlatives include PD-L1 and tumor mutation burden as predictive biomarkers. Tumor tissue was obtained at study entry; plasma and immune cells were isolated at multiple timepoints. Results: 64 pts with stage III NSCLC, performance status (PS) 0-1, no active autoimmune disease or significant organ dysfunction enrolled at 13 Alliance sites from 11/2017 to 7/2019. 62 pts received ≥ 1 dose of atezolizumab and are included in the primary analysis; median age 63.9 years (38.1-86.5), 51.6% female, 77.4% white, 61.3% former smokers, 56.5% PS 0. DCR at 12 wks was 77.4% (80% confidence interval 69.2-84.3%) (30.7% PR, 46.8% SD). 54 pts reported adverse events (AEs) during induction, mostly grade (gr) 1. There were 13 serious AEs, most unrelated to study treatment; 1 gr 3 anaphylactic reaction, 1 gr 3 colitis, and 1 gr 4 Guillain-Barre syndrome were attributable to atezolizumab. Baseline PD-L1 status was available for 49 pts. DCR was 82.4% for pts with PD-L1 negative and 90.9% for pts with PD-L1 positive tumors. Conclusions: Atezolizumab prior to and following CRT for stage III unresectable NSCLC was well tolerated with an encouraging 12-wk DCR. Analysis of secondary endpoints is ongoing. Further study of induction ICI therapy is warranted in patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC. Support: AFT, Genentech; Clinical trial information: NCT03102242.
Efficiency of barley foliar feeding under conditions of leached chernozem fertility heterogeneity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The article presents the results of studies conducted on the effectiveness of barley foliar feeding under field experiment conditions. The studies were carried out in a field stationary experiment in a grain-vapor-tilled crop rotation system with the following rotation: green-manured fallow - spring wheat - barley - maize - spring wheat. The object of the research was leached chernozem. Rotation cropping was sown on two degrees of ground fertilization – without fertilizer and with fertilizer. Urea (carbamide) was added as barley foliar feeding. Spring wheat that was sown on rape plant green-manured fallow served as the forecrop to the barley. Soil fertility heterogeneity was determined by examining barley crops during the tillering period (biomass scanning). Unmanned aerial vehicles manufactured by Krasaeroskan were used for this purpose. The results of NDVI index determination in the field experiment formed the basis for determining the mineral nitrogen fertilizer doses. Such doses were refined by tissue diagnostics. It was established that foliar feeding with mineral nitrogen fertilizers (urea) contributed to an increase in barley productivity.
Synthetic Methods of Propylene Carbonate and Research Progress

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Polyurethane is an important polymer material, but its raw material, isocyanate, is toxic, which caused the inconvenience for the production and transportation, in order to solve the problem of toxic material, a green synthetic method of non-isocyanurate polyurethane (NIPU) can be developed and research on no-toxic isocyanate as raw material is the new direction of polyurethane in recent years. Because the propylene carbonate is an important raw material for the synthesis of non-isocyanate polyurethanes, therefore, in this article, several synthetic methods of propylene carbonate were described, the advantages and disadvantages of these synthetic methods for propylene carbonate were compared, and the future development was looked forward.