jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
TRAUMATIC VERTEBRAL ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA ASSOCIATED WITH CERVICAL SPINE FRACTURE

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

<p>Oligothiophene-PEO-block-co-polymers and related model compounds have been synthesised and characterised. In the polymers well-defined oligothiophene blocks (with from two to six α,λ-linked thiophene sequences) were alternated with poly(ethylene oxide) blocks of narrow polydispersity. Model λ,λ-linked sexithiophenes were prepared carrying chiral, achiral, mono and narrow polydispersity monomethyl PEO substituents at their terminal alpha positions. All the products were soluble in common organic solvents and organic/aqueous solvent mixtures. UV/vis and fluorescence studies in solution indicated that the oligothiophene segments were molecularly dissolved in good solvents like chloroform. Aggregation of the oligothiophenes occurred in dioxane/water mixtures, consistent with observed shifts of the UV absorption maxima towards the blue and quenching of the fluorescence. An oligothiophene length of three thiophenes (terthiophene) was necessary for aggregation to be observed. The materials formed well-organised transferable monolayers at the air water interface.</p>
Cost and benefits of survivability in an optical transport network

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In optical networks a link failure may cause a huge data loss due to the ever-increasing capacity of WDM links. Survivability to failures in the optical layer is thus of great importance. This paper presents the most common protection techniques for optical mesh networks and introduces the reader to the approaches that can be used to design the network minimizing the excess cost due to survivability. On the other hand, we will show how the effectiveness of different protection mechanisms can be compared in terms of lightpath availability, a quality-of-service parameter that gives a measure of the degree of network resilience.
A Content Filtering Scheme in Social Sites

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Objectives: In recent scenario, online social networks such as Face book, Twitter and Google+ have become one of the fastest emerging e-services. There are several issues affected these e-services. Since it is emerging service and reliability to communicate, in social networks privacy is often a key concern by the users. Since millions of people are willing to interact with others, it is also a new attack ground for malware creators. Some users and pages spreading malicious content and sending spam messages by taking advantage on the users’ inherent trust in their relationship network. Methods:This proposed work handles the most prevalent issues and threats targeting different social networks recently. And finally finds the authentication scheme for those attacks. This proposes a detecting and blocking scheme for social sites using data mining techniques. Findings: This system helps to detect suspicious URLs for social network by considering the following parameters, i).Text and keywords appears in the URL. ii). URL descriptions iii). Detection of scam messages which is done in manual script attacks on social sites. Application/Improvement: This performs two techniques which are message filtering and MLE (Maximum Likelihood Estimation). Keywords: Feature Selection, Machine Learning, Security, Social Network
Revealing the potential of FinTech innovation through knowledge assets: a study of firm financial performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to investigate the association of FinTech innovation (FinTechINN) and firm performance (FP) by considering the role of knowledge assets (KA) as a causal mechanism underlying the FinTechINN – FP association. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors consider panel data of 1,049 Chinese A-listed firm and construct a structural model for corporate FinTech innovation, knowledge assets and firm performance while considering endogeneity issues in analyses over the period of 2014–2022. The modified value added intellectual capital (VAIC) and research and development (R&D) expenses are used as a proxy measure for knowledge assets, considering governance and corporate performance measures. Findings According to the findings of this study FinTech innovation (FinTechINN) has a positive significant effect on firm performance. Particularly; the findings disclose that FinTech innovations has a link with knowledge assets, FinTech innovations indirectly affects firm performance, and the association between FinTech innovation and firm performance is partially mediated by knowledge assets (MVAIC and R&D expenses). Originality/value Rooted in the dynamic capability and resource-based view, this study pioneers an empirical exploration of the association of FinTech innovation with firm performance. Moreover, it introduces the novel dimension of knowledge assets (on firm-level), acting as a mediating factor with in this relationship.
The Locally Denatured State of Glutathione S-Transferase Al-1: Transition State Analysis of Ligand-dependent Formation of the C-Terminal Helix

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

On the basis of available x-ray structures, A-class glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) contain at their C-termini a short alpha-helix that provides a 'lid' over the active site in the presence of the reaction products, glutathione-conjugates. However, in the ligand-free enzyme this helix is disordered and crystallographically invisible. An aromatic cluster including Phe-10, Phe-220, and the catalytic Tyr-9 within the C-terminal strand control the order of this helix. Here, preliminary x-ray crystallographic analyses of the wild type and F220Y rGSTA1-1 in the presence of GSH are described. Also, a transition state analysis is presented for ligand-dependent formation of the helix, based on variable temperature stopped-flow fluorescence. Together, the results suggest that the ligand-dependent ordering of the C-terminal strand occurs with a transition state that is highly desolvated, but with few intramolecular hydrogen bonds or electrostatic interactions. However, substitutions at Phe-220 modulate the activation parameters through interactions with the side chain of Tyr-9.
Environmental Fate and Impacts of Sulfometuron on Watersheds in the Southern United States

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Dissipation of sulfometuron (SM), methyl 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl] benzoate, in streamflow, sediment, plant tissue, litter, and soil following operational forestry applications at the target rate of 0.42 kg a.i. ha−1 was monitored. Streamflow samples were collected at a weir on the perimeter and 30, 60, and 150 m downstream from the perimeter of the application site. Sulfometuron was detected in streamflow at low levels up to 29 days after treatment (DAT) on the watershed treated with the 75% dispersible granule formulation (Oust; DuPont Chemical Company, Wilmington, DE) and less than 53 DAT on the watershed treated with the experimental formulation (1% pellet). Twenty-four-hour average SM concentration in water ranged from not detected to a maximum of 49.3 μg L−1 Sulfometuron was not detected at quantifiable levels (1 μg L−1) 150 m downstream. Stream sediment, vegetation, litter, and soil were sampled periodically up to 180 DAT. All samples were analyzed for SM by high performance liquid chromatography. Sulfometuron dissipated from these watersheds with half-lives that ranged from 4 d in plant tissues to 33 d in soil. Acidic soil solution on these treated watersheds contributed to their rapid dissipation. Environmental impacts are discussed for these watersheds in the context of available toxicological data.
Relative abundance and biomass, age, and growth of yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), in four adjacent man-made lakes in southern Manitoba

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Characteristics of populations of yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), in four adjacent man-made lakes in southern Manitoba were examined during the open water periods of 1978 and 1979. Studies of the physical and chemical regimes of the Fort Whyte lakes during 1977-1978 indicated greatest eutrophy in Lakes I and II and lowest in Lakes III and IV. Relative perch abundance and biomass values in 1979 were highest in Lake I but were similar for Lakes II, III, and IV. Dissimilarity of recruitment of the 1977 and 1978 year classes between Lake I and the other three lakes is attributed to intraspecific predation of young perch by numerous adult perch in Lake I. Older perch dominated the catch in Lake I while the newly recruited one-year-olds formed 9% of the population in 1978 and 3% in 1979. In the other lakes there were fewer old perch. In 1978, age 1 perch made up 33%, 44% and 26% of the population in Lake II, III, and IV respectively. In 1979, they represented 65% of the population in Lake II, 64% in Lake III, and 69% in Lake IV. Among Lakes II, III, and IV, mean length of perch at time of annulus formation in 1978 was highest in Lake II and lowest in Lake IV for all ages. In comparison to the other lakes, yellow perch in Lake I had the highest mean length for ages less than 3 but the lowest mean length for ages greater than 3. These differences were not great in magnitude. At the time of annulus formation in 1979, there were no significant differences in mean lengths at each age. In comparison to other North American waters, growth of perch at Fort Whyte was slow. The major response of the perch population in Lake I to greater eutrophy was to increase its biomass but this was by increasing population size rather than by increasing growth. The perch population of Lake II failed to respond similarly perhaps because nutrient input to the lake is sporadic and sustained loading is required for increased productivity. A greater magnitude of difference in perch biomass than in perch abundance between Lake I and Lakes II, III, and IV is attributed to higher incidence of older, larger fish in Lake I.
CyberKnife Radiosurgery Planning of a Secreting Pituitary Adenoma Performed With 68Ga DOTATATE PET and MRI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The images of a patient with acromegaly, who previously underwent operation for pituitary adenoma, were obtained. The MRI scan showed a mass in the right cavernous sinus, with biochemical test results positive for the presence of a hormonally active adenoma. The patient was scheduled for CyberKnife radiotherapy. Radiotherapy planning was carried out using MRI and PET/CT scan with somatostatin analog ⁶⁸Ga DOTATATE. The latter showed radiopharmaceutical uptake on the adenomatous residual mass. Contours were drawn on MRI and PET images and were summed up to devise the radiotherapy plan. The patient was treated with a total dose of 24 Gy.
Appointment of the Staff of the Mission

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter considers Article 7 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations which deals with the appointment of the members of the diplomatic mission to foreign States. According to the Article, the State may freely appoint and dismiss the members of the staff of the mission, and that in case of military, naval, or air attachés, the State may require the submission of their names for approval. Subject to Article 9, the receiving State may declare persona non grata or unacceptable before arrival to any member of the mission. In addition, the Article confers the sending State the freedom to specify the functions of each member. The State specifies them classifies them as either part of the diplomatic staff, administrative staff, or technical staff. As Article 7 deals with members of the staff of the diplomatic mission, the chapter also discusses a member’s exemptions from a receiving State’s immigration control and the immunity from employment claims.
Ther‐Process in Supernovae: Impact of New Microscopic Mass Formulae

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The astrophysical origin of r-process nuclei is a long-standing mystery. Although some astrophysical scenarios show some promise, many uncertainties involved in both the astrophysical conditions and in the nuclear properties far from the β-stability have inhibited us from understanding the nature of the r-process. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the effects of the newly derived microscopic Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) mass formulae on r-process nucleosynthesis and analyze to what extent a solar-like r-abundance distribution can be obtained. The r-process calculations with the HFB-2 mass formula are performed, adopting the parameterized model of the prompt explosion from a collapsing O-Ne-Mg core for the physical conditions, and compared with the results obtained with the HFB-7 and droplet-type mass formulae. Because of its weak shell effect at the neutron magic numbers in the neutron-rich region, the microscopic mass formulae (HFB-2 and HFB-7) give rise to a spread of the abundance distribution in the vicinity of the r-process peaks (A = 130 and 195). While this effect resolves the large underproduction at A ≈ 115 and 140 obtained with droplet-type mass formulae, large deviations compared to the solar pattern are found near the third r-process peak. It is shown that a solar-like r-process pattern can be obtained if the dynamical timescales of the outgoing mass trajectories are increased by a factor of about 2-3, or if the β-decay rates are systematically increased by the same factor.
Molecular discrimination and genetic relationships between some cultivars of Cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo; zucchini group is a widely grown and economically important group belonging to genus Cucurbita, and being one of the easiest groups to cultivate in temperate climate with overwhelming production. Since, RAPD analysis provides a fast and reliable method for molecular characterization and investigation of the intraspecific genetic relationships; it had been used in this study to discriminate and clarify the genetic diversity between seven cultivars of C. pepo ssp. pepo originated worldwide. Seven out of 20 decamer arbitrary primers showed polymorphism in the RAPD profile. The polymorphism was investigated by 87 consistent amplification products. Some of those fragments were uniquely amplified in single cultivar. Thus, they can be used as molecular markers for cultivar identification. The results of Jaccard similarity and the phenogram ascertained the wide genetic base of the Egyptian landrace El-Escandrani with the lowest loading component of 0.400. Therefore, it could be recommended as a reservoir of alleles useful for breeding programs in parental crosses. The multivariate analysis using the principle component analysis separated all the cultivars on the first component indicating the high correlation between them. The strongest correlation was confirmed between the two MHTSQ hybrids with Mansoura cultivar from Italy, with a loading component of 0.85. Key words: Genetic diversity, Cucurbita pepo, cluster analysis, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD).
Title: DISCOVERY OF PROBABILISTIC RULES FOR PREDICTION

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Given an ordered sequence of objects (numbers, letters, symbols, observations, events, etc.) which is described by one or more attributes and is generated either deterministically or probabilistically. Suppose that the characteristics of the objects in the sequence is determined, to a certain extent, by the previous objects, the purpose of this paper is to present an inductive learning algorithm to analyze the inherent patterns in the sequence and to predict future objects based on these patterns. This inductive learning algorithm is divided into three phases: 1) detec- tion of underlying patterns in a sequences of objects; 2) construction of rules, based on the detected patterns, that describes the generation process of the sequence; and 3) use of these rules to predict the characteristics of the future objects. The learning algorithm has been implemented in a program known as the OBSERVER and it has been tested with both simulated and real-life data. The experimental results show that the OBSERVER is capable of discovering hidden patterns and explaining the behavior of certain sequence generating processes that a user is not immediately aware of or fully understood. For this reason, the OBSERVER may be employed to solve complex real world problems where predictions have to be made in the presence of uncertainty. It can also be employed, like some inductive learning programs, to be an aid for the knowledge acquisition process in the construction of knowledge-based systems.
We’re Right Next Door: Televisual Las Vegas in Cold War America

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Han, currently a graduate student in cinema studies at New York University, is looking at how television performances helped to shape perceptions of Las Vegas. Since World War II, Las Vegas has evolved into an entertainment capital of the world. While we often associate Las Vegas with gambling and casinos, many foreign ethnic talents arrived in the city to perform in hotels and nightclubs. These talented performers were instrumental in the development of televisual Las Vegas. This talk explores the migration of ethnic talent, and how such prominent Las Vegas entertainment business figures like Jack Entratter and Bill Willard envisioned transforming the city into a primary center of television production from the 1950s to 1970s.
CXC chemokine receptor 3 deficiency promotes cutaneous tumor formation (165.14)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), G protein-coupled, seven-transmembrane receptor, binds and is activated by the three IFN-γ-inducible C-X-C chemokines; MIG/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10 and I-TAC/CXCL11. CXCR3 is expressed on natural killer cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, myeloid dendritic cells, B cells, activated T cells, proliferating endothelial cells, and preferentially expressed by Th1-polarized activated/memory T cells. Although recent studies have correlated the expression of CXCR3 and its ligands with a variety of diseases or pathological states, little has been known about the engagements of CXCR3 in cutaneous immune responses, especially cutaneous anti-tumor immunity. In this study, we injected B16 murine melanoma cells into the skin superficial to the ear cartilage of CXCR3-deficient mice. The tumor formation in the ears from CXCR3-deficient mice was accelerated compared to that from C57BL/6 mice. Local cytokine mRNA expression levels of the ear tumors were measured by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate leukocyte subsets within the tumors. Thus, CXCR3 may play an important role in tumor immunity.
The serum levels and clinical significance of TGF-β1 and CTGF in patients of interstitial lung disease with rheumatoid arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To analyze the TGF-β1 and CTGF serum levels and clinical significance in the patients of interstitial lung disease with rheumatoid arthritis(RA-ILD).Methods The serum levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF were detected in 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis(including 45 patients with interstitial lung disease) and 30 healthy individuals by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results In patients of RA-ILD,the serum levels of TGF-β1,CTGF,CRP and RF were higher than the control groups,and their contents were(15.9±4.5) ng/mL,(77.97±34.04) ng/mL,(58.8±50.7) mg/L and(518 ±574) IU/mL,and there was significantly statistical difference(P 0.01).The levels of TGF-β1,CTGF and CRP were positive correlation each other in RA-ILD group.The sensitivity and specificity of TGF-β1 were 80.0% and 66.7%,CTGF were 57.8% and 86.7% in RA-ILD.Conclusion The cytokines of TGF-β1 and CTGF play very important roles in the development process of RA-ILD;perhaps they are indexs of active stage.Possibly,the high levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF are one of markers in screening the earlier period of the disease.
The Conserved Proteins CHE-12 and DYF-11 Are Required for Sensory Cilium Function in Caenorhabditis elegans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Sensory neuron cilia are evolutionarily conserved dendritic appendages that convert environmental stimuli into neuronal activity. Although several cilia components are known, the functions of many remain uncharacterized. Furthermore, the basis of morphological and functional differences between cilia remains largely unexplored. To understand the molecular basis of cilia morphogenesis and function, we studied the Caenorhabditis elegans mutants che-12 and dyf-11. These mutants fail to concentrate lipophilic dyes from their surroundings in sensory neurons and are chemotaxis defective. In che-12 mutants, sensory neuron cilia lack distal segments, while in dyf-11 animals, medial and distal segments are absent. CHE-12 and DYF-11 are conserved ciliary proteins that function cell-autonomously and are continuously required for maintenance of cilium morphology and function. CHE-12, composed primarily of HEAT repeats, may not be part of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex and is not required for the localization of some IFT components. DYF-11 undergoes IFT-like movement and may function at an early stage of IFT-B particle assembly. Intriguingly, while DYF-11 is expressed in all C. elegans ciliated neurons, CHE-12 expression is restricted to some amphid sensory neurons, suggesting a specific role in these neurons. Our results provide insight into general and neuron-specific aspects of cilium development and function.
Foreign value-adding of industrial firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose – There is a lack of research on how the industrial firm's international strategy is associated with basic and advanced value-adding modes of the wholly owned foreign subsidiary. The purpose of this paper is to fill the gap by answering two questions: how are relatedness between the firm and the foreign subsidiary, and the firm's international scope associated with foreign subsidiary's value-adding mode? How does the subsidiary's market experience moderate the relationships? Design/methodology/approach – The study develops a conceptual model that integrates strategy theory and internationalization theory in order to explain basic value-adding modes (promotion, sales, and after-sales services), and advanced modes that also include product development and/or production. Also, the study tests the model using statistical data from subsidiaries of Swedish firms operating in Germany, the USA, and the UK. Findings – It was found that greater relatedness between the core business unit of the parent firm and the foreign subsidiary favors a basic mode. However, the foreign subsidiary's market experience weakens the relationship, and the interaction triggers an advanced mode. Also, greater international scope of the firm favors an advanced mode. Research limitations/implications – The model test shows that research needs to consider both international strategy and market experience in explaining value-adding modes of an industrial firm's wholly owned subsidiary. Practical implications – By using the study contributions the industrial firm's efforts to efficiently implement international strategy would become more efficient as strategy coherence will increase. Originality/value – This paper contributes to literature on international strategy and internationalization by showing that international strategy and market experience of foreign markets mutually impact value-adding modes of wholly owned foreign subsidiaries.