jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide sequence of Escherichia coli pabB indicates a common evolutionary origin of p-aminobenzoate synthetase and anthranilate synthetase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Biochemical and immunological experiments have suggested that the Escherichia coli enzyme p-aminobenzoate synthetase and anthranilate synthetase are structurally related. Both enzymes are composed of two nonidentical subunits. Anthranilate synthetase is composed of proteins encoded by the genes trp(G)D and trpE, whereas p-aminobenzoate synthetase is composed of proteins encoded by pabA and pabB. These two enzymes catalyze similar reactions and produce similar products. The nucleotide sequences of pabA and trp(G)D have been determined and indicate a common evolutionary origin of these two genes. Here we present the nucleotide sequence of pabB and compare it with that of trpE. Similarities are 26% at the amino acid level and 40% at the nucleotide level. We propose that pabB and trpE arose from a common ancestor and hence that there is a common ancestry of genes encoding p-aminobenzoate synthetase and anthranilate synthetase.
A Real-Time Monitoring Framework for Wafer Fabrication Processes With Run-to-Run Variations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Real-time process monitoring is a vital technique to maintain safety and quality in the wafer fabrication processes. Hence, statistical process monitoring methods such as statistical process control chart, principal component analysis have been widely applied in wafer fabrication. However, these methods often suffer from the performance degradation problem caused by run-to-run (R2R) variations such as uneven duration and R2R drifts. In this paper, we propose a real-time monitoring framework for continuous wafer fabrication processes with uneven duration and R2R drifts. In this framework, processes are divided into several phases and further aligned in a real-time manner to solve the uneven duration problem. Then, R2R drifts are compensated by a down-sampling seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model and a moving window multi-batch forecast strategy. Finally, multiphase multiway principal component analysis models are built on the compensated data to monitoring the processes. The efficiency of this framework is demonstrated by a case study on a plasma etch process. The results indicate that the proposed framework can diminish the influence of R2R variations and improve the monitoring model performance.
APPLICATIONS OF COUPLED SCRAPER-RTS&T CODE IN RADIATION THERAPY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The paper describes the main features of the new version of coupled SCRAPER-RTS&T code system. The SCRAPER [1] code performs the numerical simulation of the beam transport in circle accelerators using secondorder matrix methods. The RTS&T [2] code (Radiation Transport Simulation and Isotopes Transmutation Calculation) was assigned for detailed Monte Carlo simulation of many particle types (γ, e ± , p, n, π ± , K ± , LL 0 , antinucleons, muons, ions and etc.) transport in a complex 3D geometry’s with composite materials in the energy range from a fraction eV to 20 TeV and calculation of particle fluences, radiation field functionals and isotopes transmutation problem as well. A direct using of evaluated nuclear data libraries (ENDF/B-VI(HE), JENDL, FENDL, BROND etc.) to particle transport and isotopes transmutation modeling in low and intermediate energy regions is the general idea of RTS&T code. It is possible to use the coupled SCRAPER-RTS&T code to simulate of clinical beam characteristics, for radiotherapy treatment planning and radiation safety analysis. The comparison between calculated and measured data is presented.
Oocyte Arrested at Metaphase II Stage Were Derived From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Vitro

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract BackgroundGeneration and maturation of human oocyte in vitro could facilitate studies of folliculogenesis and oogenesis. We have previously shown that human aminotic fluid stem cells giving rise to oocyte-like cells (OLCs), However, it was difficult to observe whether these OLCs enter meiotic stage. MethodsHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were cultured by follicle fluid, cytokines and small molecule to induced oocyte-like cells (OLCs) formation through a three-step induction procedure. Surface marker expression and differentiation potential of germ cells were analyzed in vitro by flow cytometry, gene expression, immunocytochemistry, western blotting and RNA Sequencing.ResultsTo induce hiPSCs differentiation into OLCs, cells were firstly cultured in a primordial germ cell medium for 10 days. The cells showed the morphology similar to primordial germ cells (PGCs), highly expressing germ cell markers and primordial follicle development associated genes. The induced PGCs were then cultured in the primordial follicle-like cell medium for 5 days to form the induced follicle-like structures (iFLs), which retained both primordial oocytes-like cells and granulosa-like cells. In the third step, the detached iFLs were harvested and transferred to the OLC-medium for additional 10 days. The cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COC) structures and OLCs in different sizes (50-150 μm diameter) with zona pellucida were observed. The in vitro matured OLCs presented the polar body and arrested at metaphase II (MII) stage. Some OLCs were self-activated and spontaneously developed into multiple-cell structures similar to preimplantation embryos, indicating that OLCs were parthenogenetically activated though in vitro fertilization potential of OLCs are yet proved.Conclusions In vitro maturation of OLCs derived from hiPSCs provides a new means to study human germ cell formation and oogenesis.
Evidence vs Consensus in Clinical Practice Guidelines

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P271 FIT negative clinic outcomes: experience from a tertiary care hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background

Faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence to triage symptomatic primary care patients who have unexplained symptoms but do not meet the criteria for a suspected cancer pathway.1FIT may be used to triage patients referred with urgent 2-week-wait (2WW) cancer referrals to select appropriate next investigation and its timing after referral.2 We audited the outcomes from a FIT negative clinic in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods

Retrospective review of notes for 319 patients on 2ww pathway seen in FIT negative clinic between July-Nov 2020. We collected information on demographics, indication for referral, dates for: referral, clinic visit and outcome. We also looked at the endoscopic and radiological investigations arranged and the outcome from the clinic.

Results

The average age of the patients was 72.45(Median 73, IQR 15) with 53% females. The indications for referrals included anemia-4.1%, iron deficiency-34.2%, weight loss-18.2%, bleeding per rectum-3.1% and change in bowel habits-68.6%. The average time between a referral and FIT was 1.5 days (Median 5, IQR 15.5) with average time from referral to clinic review being 36 days (Median 34, IQR 0). Reassurance was given to 64.6% and 1.6% declined further investigations. Based on clinic review, endoscopy was requested for 16.9% and radiological investigations for 22.3%. of those investigated, 96.3% (104/108) were not found to have cancer. Malignancy was noted for 4 with one each of rectal cancer, rectosigmoid neuroendocrine tumour, oesophageal cancer, and a lung adenocarcinoma. The average time from a FIT test to an outcome from clinic was 40 days (Median 32, IQR 23.5).

Conclusion

We report the experience of using a FIT negative clinic to review patients referred by primary care for further investigations. A FIT negative clinic helps provide safety net to patients who have unexplained symptoms but are at low risk of a cancer. Using a FIT test for triaging we were able to reduce the pressures on endoscopy demands with only 1/6th of the patients requiring endoscopic investigations after a clinic review. 1) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2017. Diagnostics guidance DG30. 1. Nicholson et al Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2020
Thermoelectric and Half-Metallic Behavior of the Novel Heusler Alloy RbCrC: Ab initio DFT Study

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Research Highlights • Electronic, magnetic, elastic and thermoelectric properties of RbCrC alloy are investigated. • Material is half-metallic, ductile and anisotropic in nature. • The total magnetic moment (3[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]B) obeys the Slater–Pauling rule. • The HM RbCrC compound is identified as potential candidate for spintronic applications. • ZT calculated values of 0.89 and 0.94 make RbCrC a promising thermoelectric material candidate for use in future devices. The aim of this work is to investigate the half-metallicity behavior, elastic, thermodynamic and thermoelectric (TE) properties of the Heusler compound RbCrC using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA-PBE96) and the modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) approach. The electronic band structures and density of states reveal that RbCrC is a half-metallic ferromagnet (HMF). The calculated total magnetic moment of 3[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]B follows the Slater–Pauling rule ([Formula: see text]). The half-metallicity character can be maintained in the 5.4–7.4 Å lattice constants range and the 0.8–1.2 [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ratio range. Existence of half-metallic ferromagnetism in RbCrC makes it a promising material for practical applications in the spintronic field. Also, the RbCrC exhibits a ductile and anisotropic behavior. The quasi-harmonic Debye model (QHDM) is used to calculate the thermodynamic properties. The BoltzTraP code which is based on semi-classical Boltzmann theory (SCBT) is applied for calculating TE properties. According to the obtained figure of merit values (ZT between 0.89 and 0.94 from 50 K to 800 K), the RbCrC alloy remains a good candidate for thermoelectric applications.
Risk of arterial hypertension development due to T393C gene polymorphism of α-subunit of G-protein

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

According to foreign researchers, T393С gene polymorphism of α-subunit of the G-protein (rs7121) affects the sympathetic-adrenal system and the risk of hypertension. There are also data on the dependence of the manifestations of this polymorphism on the associated risk factors. However, these data are contradictory, which may be explained by ethnic differences in patients. In Ukraine there were no studies on this issue. We have studied 166 hypertensive patients and 90 healthy individuals. Determination of the polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction with subsequent analysis of restriction fragments. The study found no statistically significant difference in the distribution of genotypes T393T, T393С, С393С in patients with hypertension and healthy subjects (p>0,05). The risk for hypertension in carriers of genotypes T393T + T393С relatively to С393С genotype was not significantly different (OR=1,44, 95% CI 0,74-2,80; p=0,283). During the analysis of the effect of smoking on the manifestations of T393С gene polymorphism α-subunit of the G-protein, no statistically significant difference were found (p>0,05). T393C gene polymorphism of α-subunit of G-protein did not affect the risk of hypertension.
FIGURES 12–16. Nazeris yipingae 12 in Two new species of Nazeris Fauvel in the Luoxiao Mountain Range, China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURES 12–16. Nazeris yipingae 12—forebody; 13—male sternite VII; 14—male sternite VIII; 15—aedeagus, in ventral view; 16—aedeagus, in lateral view. Scale bars: 12: 1 mm, 13–16: 0.5 mm.
Solar radiation modelling for the estimation of the solar energy generation

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

To know in advance the value of solar radiation is an advantage in order to obtain solar energy. This paper proposes the design and implementation of solar radiation modelling for the estimation of the solar energy generation, based on different series of data collected from meteorological stations in Gran Canaria and Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain), helping to generate green energy from sun by the estimation of solar radiation. Artificial Neural Network multilayer perceptron, were the classification method used to obtain the forecast. The study of solar radiation prediction achieves a mean average error of 0.04 kilowatts hour per square meter.
Sabinene Hydrate: a Constituent of American Peppermint Oil1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSabinene Hydrate: a Constituent of American Peppermint Oil1John W. Daly, F. Charlotte Green, and Richard H. EastmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 23, 6330–6336Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01556a042Request reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (972 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Sparse-Based Transformer Network With Associated Spatiotemporal Feature for Micro-Expression Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Despite a lot of work in excavating the emotion descriptor from the hidden information, learning an effective spatiotemporal feature is a challenging issue for micro-expression recognition due to the fact that the micro-expression has a small difference in dynamic change and occurs in localized facial regions. Therefore, these properties of micro-expression suggest that the representation is sparse in the spatiotemporal domain. In this letter, a high-performance spatiotemporal feature learning based on sparse transformer is presented to solve the above issue. We extract the strong associated spatiotemporal feature by distinguishing the spatial attention map and attentively fusing the temporal feature. Thus, the feature map extracted from the critical relation will be fully utilized, while the superfluous relation will be masked. Our proposed method achieves remarkable results compared to state-of-the-art methods, proving that the sparse representation can be successfully integrated into the self-attention mechanism for micro-expression recognition.
Is Unimodal Bias Always Bad for Visual Question Answering? A Medical Domain Study with Dynamic Attention

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Medical visual question answering (Med-VQA) is to answer medical questions based on clinical images provided. This field is still in its infancy due to the complexity of the trio formed of questions, multimodal features and expert knowledge. In this paper, we tackle, a ’myth’ in the Natural Language Processing area - that unimodal bias is always considered undesirable in learning models. Additionally, we study the effect of integrating a novel dynamic attention mechanism into such models, inspired by a recent graph deep learning study.Unlike traditional attention, dynamic attention scores are conditioned on different query words in a question and thus enhance the representation learning ability of texts. We propose that some questions are answered more accurately with a reinforcement of question embedding after fusing multimodal features. Extensive experiments have been implemented on the VQA-RAD datasets and demonstrate that our proposed model, reinforCe unimOdal dynamiC Attention (COCA), outperforms the state-of-the-art methods overall and performs competitively at open-ended question answering.
Isotropic Clustering for Hierarchical Radiosity -- Implementation and Experiences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although Hierarchical Radiosity was a big step forward for finite element computations in the context of global illumination, the algorithm can hardly cope with \nscenes of more than medium complexity. The reason is that Hierarchical Radiosity \nrequires an initial linking step, comparing all pairs of initial objects in the scene. \nThese initial objects are then hierarchically subdivided in order to accurately represent the light transport between them. Isotropic Clustering, as introduced by \nSillion, in addition creates a hierarchy above the input objects. Thus, it allows for \nthe interaction of complete clusters of objects and avoids the costly initial linking \nstep. \nIn this paper, we describe our implementation of the isotropic clustering algorithm and discuss some of the problems that we encountered. The complexity of \nthe algorithm is examined and clustering strategies are compared.
Agile transformation in the energy sector: empowering autonomous teams

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to explore how to structure an energy organization to be more agile in the context of digitalization and find the common success factors and challenges the organizations face to transform. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative multiple-case study of an energy company and an online market company, both from the Nordic countries, was conducted in 2023. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews with 16 participants. Findings This research provides valuable insights into the challenges and critical success factors crucial for a successful digital transformation. The study illuminates the interplay between technological advancements and organizational shifts, the adoption of agile methodologies, the importance of inclusive leadership and the integration of autonomous teams in realizing digital transformation goals. The research emphasizes the profound impact of these factors on the transformational journey within organizations. In particular, the adoption of agile methodologies takes on heightened significance in the swiftly evolving business landscape of today, calling for a transition from project-centric approaches to more adaptive and sustainable product-centric models. Originality/value The study contributes to the practice and enhanced understanding of organizing business and technology teams in energy companies to achieve fast flow. The analysis and discussion of various empirical findings shed light on the success factors and challenges of digital transformation – issues that many organizations are currently or will likely soon be grappling with. The impact of different organizational structures on agility in an organization has yet to be thoroughly studied.
Copper Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Immunosensor for Zearalenone Analysis by Combining Automated Sample Pre-Processing and High-Throughput Terminal Detection

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A rapid and high-throughput fluorescence detection method for zearalenone (ZEN) based on a CuO nanoparticle (NP)-assisted signal amplification immunosensor was developed using an automated sample pretreatment and signal conversion system. CuO NPs with high stability and biocompatibility were used as carriers to immobilize anti-ZEN antibodies. The obtained CuO NP-anti-ZEN can maintain the ability to recognize target toxins and act as both a signal source and carrier to achieve signal conversion using automated equipment. In this process, target toxin detection is indirectly transformed to Cu2+ detection because of the large number of Cu2+ ions released from CuO NPs under acidic conditions. Finally, a simple and high-throughput fluorescence assay based on a fluorescent tripeptide molecule was employed to detect Cu2+, using a multifunctional microporous plate detector. A good linear relationship was observed between the fluorescence signal and the logarithm of ZEN concentration in the range of 16.0–1600.0 μg/kg. Additionally, excellent accuracy with a high recovery yield of 99.2–104.9% was obtained, which was concordant with the results obtained from LC-MS/MS of naturally contaminated samples. The CuO NP-based assay is a powerful and efficient screening tool for ZEN detection and can easily be modified to detect other mycotoxins.
Mindfulness-based stress reduction for treating chronic headache: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Mindfulness-based stress reduction/cognitive therapy are frequently used for pain-related conditions, but their effects on headache remain uncertain. This review aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of mindfulness-based stress reduction/cognitive therapy in reducing the symptoms of chronic headache. Data sources and study selection MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, and PsychINFO were searched to 16 June 2017. Randomized controlled trials comparing mindfulness-based stress reduction/cognitive therapy with usual care or active comparators for migraine and/or tension-type headache, which assessed headache frequency, duration or intensity as a primary outcome, were eligible for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Tool. Results Five randomized controlled trials (two on tension-type headache; one on migraine; two with mixed samples) with a total of 185 participants were included. Compared to usual care, mindfulness-based stress reduction/cognitive therapy did not improve headache frequency (three randomized controlled trials; standardized mean difference = 0.00; 95% confidence interval = −0.33,0.32) or headache duration (three randomized controlled trials; standardized mean difference = −0.08; 95% confidence interval = −1.03,0.87). Similarly, no significant difference between groups was found for pain intensity (five randomized controlled trials; standardized mean difference = −0.78; 95% confidence interval = −1.72,0.16). Conclusions Due to the low number, small scale and often high or unclear risk of bias of included randomized controlled trials, the results are imprecise; this may be consistent with either an important or negligible effect. Therefore, more rigorous trials with larger sample sizes are needed.