jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A machine-independent port of the SR language run-time system to the NetBSD operating system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

SR (synchronizing resources) is a PASCAL - style language enhanced with constructs for concurrent programming developed at the University of Arizona in the late 1980s. MPD (presented in Gregory Andrews' book about Foundations of Multithreaded, Parallel, and Distributed Programming) is its successor, providing the same language primitives with a different syntax. The run-time system (in theory, identical) of both languages provides the illusion of a multiprocessor machine on a single single- or multi- CPU Unix-like system or a (local area) network of Unix-like machines. Chair V of the Computer Science Department of the University of Bonn is operating a laboratory for a practical course in parallel programming consisting of computing nodes running NetBSD/arm, normally used via PVM, MPI etc. We are considering to offer SR and MPD for this, too. As the original language distributions are only targeted at a few commercial Unix systems, some porting effort is needed, outlined in the SR porting guide. The integrated POSIX threads support of NetBSD-2.0 should allow us to use library primitives provided for NetBSD's phtread system to implement the primitives needed by the SR run-time system, thus implementing 13 target CPUs at once and automatically making use of SMP on VAX, Alpha, PowerPC, Sparc, 32-bit Intel and 64 bit AMD CPUs. This paper describes work in progress.
Socioeconomic status and stomach cancer incidence in men: results from The Netherlands Cohort Study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To study the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and stomach cancer incidence (cardia and non-cardia) and the role of lifestyle factors in explaining this association. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study on diet and cancer that started in 1986. Data were collected by means of a self administered questionnaire. SETTING: Population originating from 204 municipalities in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: 58,279 men aged 55-69 years. After 4.3 years of follow up, 162 incident stomach cancer cases were detected (49 cardia and 113 non-cardia cases). MAIN RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: After adjustment for age, a lower overall stomach cancer risk was found for men with the highest attained level of education (RR highest/lowest level = 0.54, 95% CI 0.33, 0.89, trend, p = 0.02). This association became less strong after additional adjustment for smoking, intake of vitamin C, beta carotene, alcohol and coffee, family history of stomach cancer, and history of stomach disorders (RR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.34, 1.07, trend, p = 0.11). No clear association was found between occupation based SES indicators and stomach cancer risk. Analyses per subsite of stomach cancer revealed that for people with the highest level of education the age adjusted rate ratio for cardia cancer changed from 0.37 (95% CI = 0.13, 1.00) to 0.60 (95% CI = 0.19, 1.87) after additional adjustment for lifestyle variables, whereas the rate ratio for non-cardia cancer (RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.33, 1.05) did not change after additional adjustment.
Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS) with GelPOINT<sup>®</sup> Path for Lower Rectal Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

目的：GelPOINT® Path（Applied Medical社）を肛門管に装着し，下部直腸癌に対して経肛門的低侵襲手術を２例経験した．方法：全身麻酔下にGelPOINT® Pathを肛門管に装着し，LigaSureTM Vにて腫瘍を一括全層切除し，十分に洗浄後に欠損部は開放創のままとした．結果：手術時間は69分～110分，出血量は少量で，術後入院日数は７日であった．術後９～12カ月経過しているが局所再発および遠隔転移は認めておらず，肛門機能に問題は認めていない．結語：症例を集積し，長期のフォローアップが必要であるが，GelPOINT® Pathを用いた経肛門的低侵襲手術は有用な手術手技である．
A New Ergosterol Analog, a New Bis-Anthraquinone and Anti-Obesity Activity of Anthraquinones from the Marine Sponge-Associated Fungus Talaromyces stipitatus KUFA 0207

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A new ergosterol analog, talarosterone (1) and a new bis-anthraquinone derivative (3) were isolated, together with ten known compounds including palmitic acid, ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one, ergosterol-5,8-endoperoxide, cyathisterone (2), emodin (4a), questinol (4b), citreorosein (4c), fallacinol (4d), rheoemodin (4e) and secalonic acid A (5), from the ethyl acetate extract of the culture of the marine sponge-associated fungus Talaromyces stipitatus KUFA 0207. The structures of the new compounds were established based on extensive 1D and 2D spectral analysis, and in the case of talarosterone (1), the absolute configurations of its stereogenic carbons were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The structure and stereochemistry of cyathisterone (2) was also confirmed by X-ray analysis. The anthraquinones 4a–e and secalonic acid A (5) were tested for their anti-obesity activity using the zebrafish Nile red assay. Only citreorosein (4c) and questinol (4b) exhibited significant anti-obesity activity, while emodin (4a) and secalonic acid A (5) caused toxicity (death) for all exposed zebrafish larvae after 24 h.
Outcome of the extremely low birth weight infants (less than 999 grams): what messages are we getting?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The outcome of the extremely low birth weight (less than 1,000g or ELBW) babies continues to improve. More ELBW babies are surviving, though some of them may have various degrees of impairment or disability. The chance of dying or surviving with a major disability or cerebral palsy declines significantly in recent years in the developed countries. The implication of these findings is that application of neonatal care does not increase the risk of disabled survival as has been often feared but promoted normal survival. Great effort has been put in to achieve good results and better outcome. Developing countries however, will face a problem of achieving similar results because of limited resources or priority of allocation of limited resources, inadequate facilities, lower socio-economic status, poor home environment and lack of follow-up services, training and rehabilitation set-ups or intervention programme. What is the relevance of these good results in relation to the developing or third world countries? The limit of viability may have to be redefined. Nevertheless, it should be the aim to lower the mortality of these high risk babies and to reduce complications and morbidity of the survivors. Maintenance and control of body temperature, control of infections, blood sugar monitoring, antenatal steroids for the mother in premature labour, resuscitation at birth or even simple nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) should come a long way in fulfilling these goals. Those ELBW children who survive without neurological damage may have learning difficulties. It is necessary to find out the reasons for that such as the impact of the home environment on mental development. Do the children have a good background conducive for learning? Are there establishments for intervention programme in the community for these high risk children? The ratio of neonatal beds per 1,000 deliveries may have to be reviewed now that more ELBW infants are staying in the hospital for a longer period, and surviving.
The Evolution of Multigroup Comparison Testing across Culture: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although multi-group comparisons have been of substantial interest to cross-cultural psychologists for the past 6 decades, the critical importance of measurement invariance was neither recognized nor made possible until the seminal CFA work of Jöreskog (1971) in developing a method capable of such analyses. Further complications have been the assumption that any difference findings derive from the cultures involved, albeit with no identification or justification for such differences (Matsumoto & Yoo, 2006). Indeed, the 1990’s saw a substantial increase in testing for measurement and latent mean equivalencies across numerous groups that commonly included countries. It was during this 20-year period (1990-2010) that the impracticality of the CFA approach to these analyses became known and the development of a new generation of alternative methodological procedures that allow for approximate, rather than exact measurement invariance across groups became known. In this chapter, we trace the early difficulties in testing for measurement equivalence across cultural groups, identify common quandaries encountered in applying these analyses across multiple groups, and outline the pros and cons pertinent to the more recent statistical procedures used in testing for approximate measurement equivalence.
Novel Therapeutic Approaches and Targets for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Atopic Dermatitis is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases, with an estimated prevalence of 2.1-4.9% in adults. Recently, advances in Atopic Dermatitis understanding have highlighted the role of inappropriate Th2 cell activation as principally involved in its pathogenesis. Other immune pathways seem to play a key role in the complex Atopic Dermatitis pathophysiology. The anti-IL-4/IL-13 was the first monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adult patients whose disease is resistant to other therapies. Following its interesting results in terms of efficacy and safety, new therapies are in development. Methods: Monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, IL-31 and TSLP are currently under investigation on patients with moderate to severe Atopic Dermatitis patients. Moreover, small molecules like anti-PDE4 and JAK inhibitors may also represent other treatment possibilities. Results: In this section, we present data available on the efficacy and safety of newer molecules for the treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. Conclusion: The extreme clinical heterogeneity and the chronic progression of Atopic Dermatitis need for newer, safer and more effective treatments, able to control the disease and to improve the quality of life of affected patients. Dupilumab, and the other monoclonal antibodies and small molecules currently under investigation aim to improve the clinical management of Atopic Dermatitis.
Open Access

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Menthol response and adaptation in nociceptivelike and nonnociceptive-like neurons: role of protein kinases Ignacio Sarria 1,2, Jianguo Gu 1* Menthol-sensitive/capsaicin-insensitive neurons (MS/CI) and menthol-sensitive/capsaicin-sensitive neurons (MS/CS) are thought to represent two functionally distinct populations of cold-sensing neurons that use TRPM8 receptors to convey innocuous and noxious cold information respectively. However, TRPM8-mediated responses have not been well characterized in these two neuron populations. Using rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, here we show that MS/CI neurons had larger menthol responses with greater adaptation. In contrast, MS/CS neurons had smaller menthol responses with less adaptation. All menthol-sensitive neurons showed significant reduction of menthol responses following the treatment of cells with the protein kinase C (PKC) activator PDBu (Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate). PDBu-induced reduction of menthol responses was completely abolished in the presence of PKC inhibitors BIM (bisindolylmaleimide) or staurosporine. When menthol responses were examined in the presence of protein kinase inhibitors, it was found that the adaptation was significantly attenuated by either BIM or staurosporine and
Mugwort-fennel-allergy-syndrome associated with sensitization to an allergen homologous to Api g 5.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 60 kDa allergen, highly homologous to Api g 5, was recognized in fennel by patient's IgE. Inhibition experiments showed a high degree of cross-reactivity between this fennel allergen and the homologous mugwort pollen allergen. This allergen might be responsible for the mugwort-celery-spice syndrome.
Slope stability analysis of outlet tunnel a, Yogyakarta - Bawen toll road, Magelang district, Central Java Province

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Tunnel A is part of Yogyakarta – Bawen Twin Tunnels project and located in Magelang District, Central Java Province. Based on road station plan, Tunnel A is started from STA 20+290 to STA 20+780. The planned diameter of Tunnel A (Yogyakarta Direction) is 13.7 m including the structural concrete protection cover. Outlet Tunnel A had the lowest height of overburden and was located in weathered zone so that the construction in the portal zone induces slope failure. This study aimed to analyse slope stability at outlet Tunnel A. The analyses were conducted by using The Morgenstern-Price Method. To obtain data for geotechnical analysis, the site was characterized by megascopic evaluation and laboratory test results. The standard penetration test data was also compiled to know site class of earthquake and soil consistency. Seismic slope stability evaluation was conducted using pseudo-static limit equilibrium analysis. Site class in top-30-meter is E and PGA of 0.2g resulted kh = 0.17. Secant piles was modelled as support at the outlet to fulfil the requirement of FOS. FOS (factor of safety) due to static loading condition=1.816 and FOS due to dynamic loading condition=1.173.
Study on Verticillium longisporum of canola from the first reported farm in North America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Verticillium longisporum (Stark) Karapapa et al. 1997, is a soil-borne pathogen of the Brassicaceae family and causes Verticillium stripe of canola. Verticillium longisporum occurs in three distinct hybrid types that differ in pathogenicity and virulence. In North America, V. longisporum is only observed on cabbage, cauliflower and horseradish. This changed dramatically, when in 2014 for the first time, canola infected with V. longisporum was detected at a research farm in Manitoba, Canada. The pathogen concentration, its distribution and the hybrid type at the farm were unknown. Therefore, in 2016, 194 soil samples from the farm were analyzed using real-time PCR analysis to determine pathogen concentration per gram of dry soil. Of the 194 soil samples, the real-time assay reported 39% samples positive for the pathogen. This study also added information on the pathogen hybrid lineage that was determined to be the most aggressive type on canola.
Key structural elements of primary endings in muscle spindles and lanceolate endings on hair follicles.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

<p>Schematic diagrams of a muscle spindle primary ending, annulo-spiral in form (A, C) and of a lanceolate ending forming a palisade-like structure around a hair follicle (E, K). Representative planes of section of subsequent figures and of the remaining parts of this figure are shown on the diagrams. Immunoreactivity for synaptophysin is apparently restricted to the sensory terminals of both spindle primary (B) and lanceolate (arrows in G) endings. In the muscle spindle, the very large sensory terminals (arrowheads in D) are wound around specialised intrafusal muscle fibres. Surrounding, but not in contact with the sensory ending are inner capsule cells (arrows in D). In the lanceolate ending, the much smaller individual terminals (arrowheads in L) are sandwiched closely between processes of accessory glial cells (asterisks in L). The glial cells, both processes (arrows in H) and cell bodies (arrowheads in H) are immunoreactive for S100. Glial cell processes and lanceolate terminals are so small that in longitudinal section anti-synaptophysin and anti-S100 antibodies can appear to colocalise in a single confocal plane (G and H merged in F). Imaging techniques: B, single plane confocal laser scanning image, scale 50 µm; D, transmission electron micrograph, scale 10 µm; F–H, single plane confocal laser scanning images, scale 20 µm; L, transmission electron micrograph, scale 1 µm.</p>
A robust skew detection method based on Maximum Gradient Difference and R-signature

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we study the detection of skewed text lines in scanned document images. The aim of our work is to develop a new automatic approach able to estimate precisely the skew angle of text in document images. Our new method is based on Maximum Gradient Difference (MGD) and R-signature. It detects zones that have high variations of gray values in different directions using the MGD transform. We consider these zones as being text regions. R-signature which is a shape descriptor based on Radon transform is then applied in order to approximate the skew angle. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on an open dataset by comparing error rates.
Research on Calculation Method of Variable Specific Heat Performance of Wide-Speed Range Aeroengine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Given the escalating demand for hypersonic maneuverability in forthcoming times, it is imperative to advance wide-speed range engine technology, while acknowledging that diverse incoming flow conditions exert a substantial influence on aerothermal processes. The conventional method for calculating aerodynamic performance, which assumes constant specific heat and employs a velocity coefficient parameter, is no longer applicable to aeroengines operating across a wide range of speeds. Therefore, it is crucial to develop an appropriate calculation method for variable specific heat in this type of engine and establish a comprehensive physical property library based on object-oriented programming methodology to cater to the future calculation requirements of diverse engine components. The present study employs polynomial fitting to determine engineering thermodynamic properties, while incorporating the Qin Jiushao (or Horner) algorithm to enhance computational efficiency. The novel approach of utilizing energy conservation and isentropic process principles, in conjunction with numerical methods such as false position, has been employed to ensure the convergence of aerodynamic properties across a wide range of speeds. Subsequently, a novel algorithm is developed for two crucial processes within the intake and exhaust system: the stagnation process and expansion process. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is conducted to discern disparities between these algorithms. Concurrently, employing global sensitivity analysis methodology enables an examination of the impact of altitude and Mach number on the calculated total parameter results. The results indicate that during the stagnation process at 30km, 5Ma, there is an approximate temperature difference of 10% between the two algorithms, while the total pressure difference exceeds 25%. The impact of Mach number on the total temperature is significant, as is the influence of Mach number and altitude on the total pressure. During the expansion process, the critical temperature exhibit minimal difference, but exhaust velocity is dependent on the temperature difference.
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY GENES OF MICE

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Using a panel of congenic resistant mice differng from C57BL/10ScSn at the H-1, H-3, H-4, H-7, H-8, H-9, H-10, H-11, H-12, and H-13 histocompatibility loci, the median survival times of skin allografts from and to C57BL/10ScSn were obtained. The following observations were made: 1. The strengths of the barriers imposed by the non-H-2 histocompatibility loci were quite variable, the median survival times for the various loci ranging from 15 to > 300 days. 2. The reciprocal graft rejections across non-H-2 burriers were often quite differet. BIOBY mice rejected C57BL/10ScSn skin with a median survival time of 15 days. C57BL/10ScSn mice rejected B10BY skin with a median survival time > 250 days. 3. The longer the median survival time, the greater was the range in survival times of individual grafts. 4. The rejection time of females of a given strain was frequently shorter than that of males. 5. Preimmunization with donor thymocytes increased survival of recipients of tumor allografts and, except in the case of the weakest histocompatibility differences, shortened the survival of skin allografts. 6. Injection at intervals of 1 week of 1, 2, and 4 X 105 thymocytes was less effective in protecting against a subsequent tumor allograft than 10 times these numbers of cells. However, an additional increase the cell dosage did not further increase the protection. 7. Skin grafted 7 days after immunization was rejected faster than skin grafted 14 days after immunization. Skin grafted after triple immunization was rejected faster than skin grafted after single immunization. 8. The strengths of rejection of skin and tumor across non-H-2 histocompatibility barriers paralleled one another.
Analysis of Mass Spectral Data Based on ACO-SVM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The high dimensional and small sample sizes natures of bioinformatics pose a great challenge for many modeling problems. A novel method is raised that combines using SNR as prior information in the Ant Colony Optimization(ACO) searching process. Combined with support vector machines,it is applied to identify relevant serum proteomic biomarkers. Experimental results show that the proposed method has strong power in distinguishing cancer patients from healthy individuals,and yields up to 94% sensitivity and 92.4% specificity.
Photoinduced in-gap excitations in the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the time evolution of optical conductivity in the half-filled\none-dimensional extended Hubbard model driven by a transient laser pulse, by\nusing the time-dependent Lanczos method. Photoinduced in-gap excitations\nexhibit a qualitatively different structure in the spin-density wave (SDW) in\ncomparison to the charge-density-wave (CDW) phase. In the SDW, the origin of a\nlow-energy in-gap excitation is attributed to the even-odd parity of the\nphotoexcited states, while in the CDW an in-gap state is due to confined\nphotogenerated carriers. The signature of the in-gap excitations can be\nidentified as a characteristic oscillation in the time evolution of physical\nquantities.\n
Analysis of the Target Detection Performance of Air-to-Air Airborne Radar Using Long-Range Propagation Simulation in Abnormal Atmospheric Conditions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose the analysis of the target detection performance of air-to-air airborne radars using long-range propagation simulations with a novel quad-linear refractivity model under abnormal atmospheric conditions. The radar propagation characteristics and the target detection performance are simulated using the Advanced Refractive Effects Prediction System (AREPS) software, where the refractivity along the altitude, array antenna pattern, and digital terrain elevation data are considered as inputs to obtain the path loss of the wave propagation. The quad-linear model is used to approximate the actual refractivity data, which are compared to the data derived using the conventional trilinear refractivity model. On the basis of the propagation simulations, we propose a detection performance metric in terms of the atmosphere (DPMA) for intuitively examining the long-range propagation characteristics of airborne radars in air-to-air situations. To confirm the feasibility of using the DPMA map in various duct scenarios, we employ two actual refractive indices to observe the DPMA results in relation to the height of the airborne radar.