jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reduced cortical bone compositional heterogeneity with bisphosphonate treatment in postmenopausal women with intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Reduction of bone turnover with bisphosphonate treatment alters bone mineral and matrix properties. Our objective was to investigate the effect of bisphosphonate treatment on bone tissue properties near fragility fracture sites in the proximal femur in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The mineral and collagen properties of corticocancellous biopsies from the proximal femur were compared in bisphosphonate-naive (−BIS, n = 20) and bisphosphonate-treated (+BIS, n = 20, duration 7 ± 5 years) patients with intertrochanteric (IT) and subtrochanteric (ST) fractures using Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI). The mean values of the FTIRI parameter distributions were similar across groups, but the widths of the parameter distributions tended to be reduced in the +BIS group relative to the −BIS group. Specifically, the widths of the cortical collagen maturity and crystallinity were reduced in the +BIS group relative to those of the −BIS group by 28% (+BIS 0.45 ± 0.18 versus −BIS 0.63 ± 0.28, p = 0.03) and 17% (+BIS 0.087 ± 0.012 versus −BIS 0.104 ± 0.036, p = 0.05), respectively. When the tissue properties were examined as a function of fracture morphology within the +BIS group, the FTIR parameters were generally similar regardless of fracture morphology. However, the cortical mineral:matrix ratio was 8% greater in tissue from patients with atypical ST fractures (n = 6) than that of patients with typical (IT or spiral ST) fractures (n = 14) (Atypical 5.6 ± 0.3 versus Typical 5.2 ± 0.5, p = 0.03). Thus, although the mean values of the FTIR properties were similar in both groups, the tissue in bisphosphonate-treated patients had a more uniform composition than that of bisphosphonate-naive patients. The observed reductions in mineral and matrix heterogeneity may diminish tissue-level toughening mechanisms. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Prospective Multicenter Diagnostic Performance of Technologist-Performed Screening Breast Ultrasound After Tomosynthesis in Women With Dense Breasts (the DBTUST)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE To assess diagnostic performance of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) alone or combined with technologist-performed handheld screening ultrasound (US) in women with dense breasts. METHODS In an institutional review board–approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant multicenter protocol in western Pennsylvania, 6,179 women consented to three rounds of annual screening, interpreted by two radiologist observers, and had appropriate follow-up. Primary analysis was based on first observer results. RESULTS Mean participant age was 54.8 years (range, 40-75 years). Across 17,552 screens, there were 126 cancer events in 125 women (7.2/1,000; 95% CI, 5.9 to 8.4). In year 1, DBT-alone cancer yield was 5.0/1,000, and of DBT+US, 6.3/1,000, difference 1.3/1,000 (95% CI, 0.3 to 2.1; P = .005). In years 2 + 3, DBT cancer yield was 4.9/1,000, and of DBT+US, 5.9/1,000, difference 1.0/1,000 (95% CI, 0.4 to 1.5; P < .001). False-positive rate increased from 7.0% for DBT in year 1 to 11.5% for DBT+US and from 5.9% for DBT in year 2 + 3 to 9.7% for DBT+US ( P < .001 for both). Nine cancers were seen only by double reading DBT and one by double reading US. Ten interval cancers (0.6/1,000 [95% CI, 0.2 to 0.9]) were identified. Despite reduction in specificity, addition of US improved receiver operating characteristic curves, with area under receiver operating characteristic curve increasing from 0.83 for DBT alone to 0.92 for DBT+US in year 1 ( P = .01), with smaller improvements in subsequent years. Of 6,179 women, across all 3 years, 172/6,179 (2.8%) unique women had a false-positive biopsy because of DBT as did another 230/6,179 (3.7%) women because of US ( P < .001). CONCLUSION Overall added cancer detection rate of US screening after DBT was modest at 19/17,552 (1.1/1,000; CI, 0.5- to 1.6) screens but potentially overcomes substantial increases in false-positive recalls and benign biopsies.
BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS OF RESISTANCE AND CROSS RESISTANCE OF Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) PROGNEY TO CHLORPYRIFOS USING DEVELOPED REARING TECHNIQUE

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In laboratory tests, a unique technique was carried out to distinguish and obtain developed strains originated from separately reared Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)egg-masses ( field and laboratory strains); traditional susceptible strain (Tss) from laboratory strain, and traditional resistant strain ( Trs). from field.Two other strains were obtained in laboratory; the first developed traditional susceptible strain ( dTss.) was originated from the high susceptible larvae of Tss , and was subjected to relaxation for four successive generations.while the second, developed traditional resistant strain( dTrs.) was resulted from moderately to high level larvae of Trs, and was subjected to selection pressure with chlorpyrifos as a selected agent for four successive generations, at the LC50 level.The obtained results revealed that LC50 value of Tss. and dTss.were 0.905 and 0.607, respectively.Also dTrs.strain was exhibited 14.47 fold of resistance as compared to 8.45 fold for Trs.Strain.Cross resistance spectrum was tested on dTss, Tss,, uTss .parent,Trs, and dTrs.Using 3 OP's compounds, one carbamate, 2 synthetic pyrethroids , and one demeloid.All strains tested proved that increase in resistance level was accompanied by steady increase in cross resistance of all tested compounds.All strains tested were in between vigor tolerance to true resistance ( positive cross resistance).Analysis of data showed that developed resistance strain exhibited a moderate level of resistance to the selected agent (chlorpyrifos).Degree of dominance of resistance in F1a ( dTss males × dTrs females) and F2b (dTrs males × dTss females) exhibited a moderate level of recessive.Reciprocal crosses in F1 progney indicated that increase in LC50 and slope in F2b ( heterozygous) was done.Enzyme activity of acid phosphatase (Acph) and alkakine phosphatase ( Alkph) and transaminases enzyme were established for all strains.Generally, it was obvious that chlorpyrifos resistance in S.littoralis expressed as a high activity of enzyme was more exhibited in the developed and hybrid strains, while traditional strains recorded a fluctuated slightly levels.
Identification and characterization of the molecular pathways regulating the cell cycle-linked pluripotency exit

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The self-renewing nature of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is a consequence of their ability to proliferate while maintaining pluripotency, by means the capacity to differentiate into all adult cell types. Despite the remarkable scientific advances in the knowledge regarding the mechanism(s) controlling pluripotency, little is known about how cell cycle is coordinated with self-renewal and differentiation. Here we have shown a segregation of pluripotency during cell cycle progression, being cells in S-G2/M more primed for cardiac lineage commitment. By characterizing the proteome dynamics during cell cycle, we have identified the DNA demethylation enzyme thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) as the molecular determinant for cell cycle pluripotent dissociation. Our TDG ChIP-seq data suggests a functional link between TDG and TP53 by which TP53 transcriptional programs would prime S-G2/M cells for cardiomyocyte differentiation. With this study, we have enlightened the mechanisms underlying mouse ESC fate decisions control during cell cycle.
Water pepper (polygonum hydropiper) as a styptic

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Water pepper (Polygonum Hydropiper, family Polygoneae), popularly known as ichneumon peppers, chechin, dog pepper or hemorrhoid grass, grows throughout the USSR, best of all on humus soil in damp places in meadows and near rivers. In folk medicine, water pepper herb has long been renowned as a styptic, and is used mainly for hemorrhoidal bleeding.
Penerapan Direct Method dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Peserta Didik pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Arab Kelas 1C MTs di Pondok Pesantren Daarul Rahman Jakarta

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research is motivated by the problem of low grades in Arabic language learning subjects in class 1C MTs Daarul Rahman Islamic Boarding School, South Jakarta. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (PTK), data collection techniques with observation, oral and written tests, documentation. In this study, the subjects were students of class 1C MTs Daarul Rahman Islamic Boarding School, South Jakarta in the 2022/2023 school year consisting of 40 students. The object in this study is the improvement of students' learning achievement in Arabic language subjects using the direct method of class 1C MTs Daarul Rahman Islamic Boarding School, South Jakarta. The increase in students' learning achievement in Arabic language subjects has increased, it can be seen from each cycle that changes have occurred. In the pre-cycle the results were 62%, increased in cycle 1 with a result of 66%, and in cycle 2 increased with a result of 73%. From the learning activities that have been carried out, the learning achievement of students' Arabic language has increased and has reached the predetermined success criteria, it shows that the direct method is successful in improving students' Arabic language in class 1C MTs Daarul Rahman Islamic Boarding School, South Jakarta.
Enzymatic conversion of acid oils to biodiesel

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Lipase‐catalyzed production of biodiesel has been proven an effective method, particularly for using low‐quality feedstocks. Recently, different lipases in their free and immobilized forms have been proposed and used at lab as well as at semi‐ and full‐industrial scales using second generation feedstocks characterized by a high content of free fatty acids (FFAs). Enzymatic production of biodiesel using third generation feedstocks derived from oleaginous microorganisms has also been successfully evaluated. However further research is still needed in order to justify economically the production of biodiesel from such feedstocks as well as eliminate technical challenges related to the performance of the enzyme.
Pain thresholds and pain tolerance during the ovulatory cycle in healthy women : quantitative sensory testing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Accumulating evidence points to sex differences in pain sensitivity and many chronic pain conditions preferentially affect women. Sex hormones, and in particular estrogens, have been shown to affect pain processing and pain sensitivity in animals, although the findings are divergent. The aim of the research on which this thesis is based was to examine the effect of gonadal hormones on the sensation of pain in women who either presented normal variations in hormonal levels over time or who had been given hormone treatment. Different quantitative sensory tests (QST) examining temperature thresholds, cold, heat and pressure pain thresholds, as well as tolerance thresholds for heat and cold, were performed during different hormonal conditions: During hormonal fluctuations throughout the ovulatory cycle (papers I, II); in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), a treatment associated with extremely low and high 17β-estradiol levels (paper III); and before and after hormonal substitution treatment in postmenopausal women suffering from fibromyalgia (paper IV). The results showed little changes in pain sensitivity during the ovulatory cycle, with an interaction between 17β-estradiol and progesterone on cold pressor pain as the major finding. No significant changes in pain sensitivity were seen even with the extreme variations in 17β-estradiol levels that occurred during the IVF-treatment. Also, the use of hormonal substitution treatment did not affect pain thresholds or tolerance in postmenopausal women suffering from fibromyalgia. Session-to-session effects were reported in several studies and seem to be an important factor when using repeated sessions design. Additionally, the present work also emphasizes the use of actual hormonal values as essential instead of tentative calendar methods when evaluating hormonal effects on the sensation of pain during the menstrual cycle. The present studies thus indicate that changes in gonadal hormone levels have little effect on experimental pain in women, contrary to what has been reported in animal studies.
Assessing the quality level of technological processes at car service enterprises

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper addresses the problem of the level of maintenance and repair of motor vehicles depending on the parameters that take into consideration the internal state of a car service enterprise and the external factors that characterize the environment of its functioning, as well as the cars serviced by the enterprise. The course of the study involved a morphological analysis of the auto service system, based on which the functional elements of the system were determined, as well as the essential morphological attributes of these elements and the variants for their implementation. In order to identify the degree of influence exerted by these morphological attributes on the quality of technological processes performance, a survey of the typical Ukrainian car service enterprises has been carried out and a mathematical model of the system has been built in the form of a linear multiple regression equation. The preliminary verification of the input parameters of the system model for multicollinearity based on the Farrar-Glober algorithm has made it possible to separate the independent ones among them and to reduce the complexity of further calculations. The regression equation coefficients characterize the degree of importance of considering the appropriate parameters when designing an automated quality management system. To improve the adequacy of the model and to reduce the complexity of the simulation process, the source data array has been divided into the training and control samples using an algorithm based on computing the values for the sampling variance. In order to obtain the most adequate model, the nonlinear models of the examined system of the Mamdani and Sugeno type have been constructed. To this end, the MATLAB software suite was employed with its Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. The input and output parameters' membership functions were set in a trapezoidal form. The nonlinear models have been implemented for various defuzzification methods of the output parameter. The smallest root mean square error of the resultant characteristic was obtained when implementing the Sugeno-type model; it was 1.07 %. This indicates the expediency of integrating the specified model into a quality management system in order to determine the optimal operating modes. The study results could be applied to assess the quality of the services rendered by car service systems at the micro- and macro levels
Perception of African American men of their likelihood of a cancer diagnosis at the time of prostate biopsy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

6503 Background: Men are supposed to have an “informed discussion” before undergoing PCa screening. African Americans (AA) are diagnosed at later stages of prostate cancer (PCa) than their white counterparts. We studied racial differences in self-prediction compared with actual likelihood of positive biopsy. Method: Face-to-face surveys with patients (n = 172), referred after screening positive for possible PCa, were conducted in urology clinics at the time of biopsy. The surveys include socio-demographics, general anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), disease-specific anxiety (Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer), and self-estimated likelihood of a positive biopsy. Medical records were reviewed for biopsy results. Results: Average age was 63±7.9, AA comprised 39% of the sample, and 56% had at least a college degree. The overall rate of positive biopsy was 55%, with AA being much more likely to have a positive biopsy (70% vs. 44%; p< 0.05). Despite being referred for biopsy for concern about PCa, 37% of the men indicated that they had a 0% likelihood of having prostate cancer (i.e. that it was impossible), and AA were more likely than whites to say this (58% vs. 24%; p < 0.01). In a logistic regression with important covariates, patients’ ratings of their likelihood of PCa diagnosis were not predictive of a positive biopsy, while older age, higher PSA score, and lower self-rated health were. Generalized anxiety was not correlated with estimated likelihood of having PCa, but cancer-specific anxiety was correlated (p = 0.02). Neither was correlated with likelihood of having PCa. Conclusion: AA are more likely to have PCa at biopsy than whites. Both groups dramatically underestimate their statistical likelihood of having PCa at the time of biopsy. More concerning, AA estimates are lower, yet their likelihood is higher. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Characterization of homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining in DNA double-strand break repair of Bacillus subtilis spores after exposure to ionizing radiation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The role of the two major DNA double strand break (DSB) repair mechanisms, homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), in Bacillus subtilis spore resistance to ionizing radiation had been investigated. Spores deficient in PNPase, HR- and NHEJ- mediated DNA repair were analyzed with regard to their survivability upon the exposure to X-rays and compared to the responses of B. subtilis BG214 wild-type spores. Spore resistance was observed to decrease in the following order (from the most resistant to the most sensitive ones): ΔrecQ ≥ wild-type > ΔrecN > ΔrecS > ΔrecJ > ΔpnpA > ΔrecU > ΔrecG > ΔrecO > ΔKu > ΔrecA > ΔrecF > ΔpnpA Ku > ΔrecR > ΔpnpA recA > ΔKu recA, indicating that HR and NHEJ both play a central role in protecting B. subtilis spores against potentially lethal environmental conditions. Further, it could be shown that ionizing radiation induces a significant time-delay in spore germination and subsequent outgrowth events, as demonstrated by germination profiling via well-plate-based germination assays as well as transcriptional profiling via cDNA microarray technology, suggesting the extensive expiration of repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA damages during spore germination.
PATH-11. TECTAL GLIOMA: CLINICAL, PATHOLOGICAL, AND MOLECULAR FEATURES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Tectal glioma (TG) is a rare lower-grade glioma (LrGG) that occurs in the tectum, mainly affecting children. The clinical course is usually indolent, with common symptoms including headache, gait disturbance, and ataxia resulting from obstructive hydrocephalus. TG shares pathological similarities with pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), but recent genetic analyses have revealed distinct features, such as alterations in KRAS and BRAF. Here, we report the clinical, radiological, pathological, and molecular characteristics of TG cases in our hospital. We conducted a retrospective review of cases clinically diagnosed as TG and surgically treated at our institute between January 2005 and March 2023. Molecular analysis, including genome-wide DNA methylation profiling, was performed. Six cases were identified and the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 years (range: 6–45 years). The mean tumor diameter was 22.8 mm (range: 14.7–33.2 mm), with obstructive hydrocephalus observed in all cases. Contrast enhancement of the tumor was noted in four cases and cyst formation occurred in two cases. Four patients underwent biopsy or biopsy with endoscopic third ventriculostomy, and two patients underwent tumor resection. Postoperatively, three patients received radiotherapy and two were treated with chemotherapy. The median overall survival was 6.2 years (range: 1.4–7.3 years), and the median progression-free survival was 3.4 years (range: 1.4–7.3 years). Histological diagnoses included three cases of PA, one case of astrocytoma, and two cases of high-grade glioma. Among the three patients who underwent molecular evaluation, including genome-wide methylation analysis, two had KRAS mutation and one had H3-3A K27M mutation. Our results demonstrate the diverse histological and molecular characteristics of TG distinct from other LrGGs. Given the heterogeneous pathological background and the risk of pathological progression in TG, we emphasize the importance of comprehensive diagnosis, including molecular evaluation.
Automation of Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves Method

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

With minimal simplifying assumptions and approximations, an automated version of the spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) method has been developed to determine in situ shear wave velocity profiles of soil deposits. Testing time for each site, including collection of data, construction and inversion of dispersion curve, should not be more than thirty minutes. To accelerate field testing, a multi-sensor geophone array and a PC-based data-acquisition, signal-analysis package have been developed. The two greatest challenges have been the development of a fully-automated procedure to construct the dispersion curve from field data and a fast yet, theoretically-sound, inversion process to determine the shear wave velocity profile from a given dispersion curve. In this paper, the major theoretical and practical aspects of these two steps are described and discussed with examples.
An Approach to Generate Virtual Tutors for Game Programming Classes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, researchers are looking for ways to adapt education to include technology and more engaging methods. For computer science courses, the use of problem-based learning, virtual tutors, learning style personalization and game programming are possible ways to achieve this goal. In this context, this work proposes and evaluates an approach to generate different kinds of virtual tutors (with various levels of interaction) for problem-based game programming classes. The system was evaluated in an experiment where two types of virtual tutors were proposed and generated considering two virtual game programming classes. Results showed that the use of virtual tutors promoted efficient learning and that the availability of different kinds of tutors can optimize individual engagement.
Accurate Data: An Essential Component in Reducing Needlestick Injuries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Needlestick injuries are a known risk to health care workers, especially nurses, but the actual number of occurrences can only be estimated. Methods of reducing needlestick injuries have been available for years, but action by federal agencies such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Food and Drug Administration and through legislation has been slow. Although OSHA’s newest regulations mandate the use of safer medical devices, recording of needlestick injuries is still not mandatory. Therefore, accurate data are not yet available to document the baseline and assess the progress of interventions.