jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Oral History Interview with V. Lance Tarrance, Jr. https://youtu.be/pJyYzu4OJjk

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One digital video recording and transcript of an oral history interview conducted remotely over Zoom videotelephony software with V. Lance Tarrance, Jr. by Emily Hill on April 16, 2025. Mr. Tarrance is Special Assistant to the Director of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Previously, he was Deputy Director and then Director of Research for the Republican National Committee. Mr. Tarrance is also author of the book The Ticket Splitter, A New Force in American Politics, which he co-authored with Walter DeVries. He worked on numerous U.S. presidential campaigns, including Barry Goldwater, Richard Nixon, and Ronald Reagan, and with former National Republican Party Chairman Ray C. Bliss of Akron, Ohio. During the interview, Mr. Tarrance talks about his background, education, and career, including his work as Director of Research for the Republican National Committee and working with Ray Bliss in Washington, D.C. He also talks about being Chief Page of the Republican National Convention in Miami Beach, Florida in 1968 and about Bliss being ousted as RNC Chairman and the fate of the RNC after Bliss' departure. He then talks about leaving the RNC and being appointed Assistant Director of the U.S. Census Bureau and White House liaison. Mr. Tarrance mentions the Watergate scandal and impeachment of President Nixon and about accepting a Fellowship at the Kennedy Institute of Politics at Harvard University. He then talks about assisting with several Republican senatorial campaigns and moving back to Texas to start his own research firm, Ray Bliss' mentorship, and the Kennedy assassinations. Finally, he mentions working on research for the Reagan presidential campaign, the Bliss Institute of Applied Politics at The University of Akron, the Donald Trump administartion and the MAGA movement, and the state of the parties and national politics today.
Micromosaic structure and phytomass of ground vegetation in main types of dark conifer forests in the Pechora-Ilych state nature reserve

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The micromosaic structure of plant communities in dark conifer forests of dwarf shrub-true moss, boreal small herb-true moss, tall fern, and boreal tall herb subsections was studied in the Pechora-Ilych reserve. A typological scheme of microsites was constructed and the alpha-diversity of plants was assessed in microsites of different types; dominant and high-constancy species were identified. The proportions of area occupied by different microsites in test plots were calculated, and amounts of aboveground and belowground phytomass were estimated for every vascular plant species, dominant moss species, and the moss synusia as a whole in microsites of each type.
Issues in Capital Account Convertibility in Developing Countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article examines the pace, sequencing and preconditions of capital account liberalisation, drawing lessons from the experience of twelve countries, and focusing on the inter‐relationships between open capital and current accounts, the financial sector and the conduct of macro policies. It distinguishes between prudential limits and capital controls and discusses the effectiveness of direct and price controls. It makes a case for intermediate regimes with respect to exchange‐rate policy. It concludes that developing countries need to adopt a gradualist approach to the opening up of the capital account, outlining three strategies and highlighting that the capital account is only one aspect of a comprehensive reform package.
Spatially-localized bench-top X-ray scattering reveals tissue-specific microfibril orientation in Moso bamboo

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract\n \n Background \n Biological materials have a complex, hierarchical structure, with vital structural features present at all size scales, from the nanoscale to the macroscale. A method that can connect information at multiple length scales has great potential to reveal novel information. This article presents one such method with an application to the bamboo culm wall. Moso (Phyllostachys edulis) bamboo is a commercially important bamboo species. At the cellular level, bamboo culm wall consists of vascular bundles embedded in a parenchyma cell tissue matrix. The microfibril angle (MFA) in the bamboo cell wall is related to its macroscopic longitudinal stiffness and strength and can be determined at the nanoscale with wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Combining WAXS with X-ray microtomography (XMT) allows tissue-specific study of the bamboo culm without invasive chemical treatment.\n \n \n Results \n The scattering contribution of the fiber and parenchyma cells were separated with spatially-localized WAXS. The fiber component was dominated by a high degree of orientation corresponding to small MFAs (mean MFA 11°). The parenchyma component showed significantly lower degree of orientation with a maximum at larger angles (mean MFA 65°). The fiber ratio, the volume of cell wall in the fibers relative to the overall volume of cell wall, was determined by fitting the scattering intensities with these two components. The fiber ratio was also determined from the XMT data and similar fiber ratios were obtained from the two methods, one connected to the cellular level and one to the nanoscale. X-ray diffraction tomography was also done to study the differences in microfibril orientation between fibers and the parenchyma and further connect the microscale to the nanoscale.\n \n \n Conclusions \n The spatially-localized WAXS yields biologically relevant, tissue-specific information. With the custom-made bench-top set-up presented, diffraction contrast information can be obtained from plant tissue (1) from regions-of-interest, (2) as a function of distance (line scan), or (3) with two-dimensional or three-dimensional tomography. This nanoscale information is connected to the cellular level features.
Clinical and genetic aspects of trigonocephaly: A study of 25 cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We reviewed 25 patients ascertained through the finding of trigonocephaly/metopic synostosis as a prominent manifestation. In 16 patients, trigonocephaly/metopic synostosis was the only significant finding (64%); 2 patients had metopic/sagittal synostosis (8%) and in 7 patients the trigonocephaly was part of a syndrome (28%). Among the nonsyndromic cases, 12 were males and 6 were females and the sex ratio was 2 M:1 F. Only one patient with isolated trigonocephaly had an affected parent (5.6%). All nonsyndromic patients had normal psychomotor development. In 2 patients with isolated metopic/sagittal synostosis, FGFR2 and FGFR3 mutations were studied and none were detected. Among the syndromic cases, two had Jacobsen syndrome associated with deletion of chromosome 11q 23 (28.5%). Of the remaining five syndromic cases, different conditions were found including Say‐Meyer syndrome, multiple congenital anomalies and bilateral retinoblastoma with no detectable deletion in chromosome 13q14.2 by G‐banding chromosomal analysis and FISH, I‐cell disease, a new acrocraniofacial dysostosis syndrome, and Opitz C trigonocephaly syndrome. The last two patients were studied for cryptic chromosomal rearrangements, with SKY and subtelomeric FISH probes. Also FGFR2 and FGFR3 mutations were studied in two syndromic cases, but none were found. This study demonstrates that the majority of cases with nonsyndromic trigonocephaly are sporadic and benign, apart from the associated cosmetic implications. Syndromic trigonocephaly cases are causally heterogeneous and associated with chromosomal as well as single gene disorders. An investigation to delineate the underlying cause of trigonocephaly is indicated because of its important implications on medical management for the patient and the reproductive plans for the family. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogenetic and functional underdispersion in Neotropical phyllostomid bat communities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Habitat conversion creates a mosaic of land cover types, which affect the spatial distribution, diversity, and abundance of resources. We used abundance, functional, and phylogenetic information to determine if Neotropical bat communities exhibited phylogenetic or functional overdispersion or underdispersion in response to habitat conversion. Overdispersion suggests the operation of intraclade competition, niche partitioning, limiting similarity, or character displacement, whereas underdispersion indicates the operation of interclade competition, abiotic filtering, or biotic filtering. We expected (1) biotic filtering in landscapes with extensive forest loss to result in underdispersion; (2) niche partitioning in heterogeneous landscapes with intermediate forest loss to result in overdispersion; and (3) intraclade competition during times of low resource abundance (i.e., dry season) to increase, resulting in overdispersion. Most bat communities exhibited phylogenetic or functional underdispersion; none exhibited overdispersion. Expectations were not met: underdispersion did not increase with forest loss, heterogeneous landscapes did not induce overdispersion, and no evidence supported the contention that intraclade competition changed with season. Empirical responses were season-specific, likely because resource availability may affect relationships between forest cover and underdispersion and between biodiversity and underdispersion. During the dry season, only high diversity sites exhibited underdispersion (i.e., functional or phylogenetic redundancy), whereas underdispersion occurred in low, intermediate, or high diversity communities during the wet season; we suggest that this difference likely arises due to changes in resource abundance. Communities with high diversity and redundancy occupied heterogeneous sites during the dry season, but communities with high redundancy were restricted to large forest reserves during the wet season.
Speciation of Thermotolerant Campylobacter Isolates Involved in Foodborne Disease by Means of DNA Restriction Analysis and Molecular Probes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The molecular identification of several strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli involved in foodborne disease was carried out by investigating the restriction profiles of their chromosomal DNA and by DNA/DNA hybridization. Cleavage with EcoRV allowed the visualization of a 3 kb DNA fragment characteristic of C. jejuni, whereas restriction with ClaI allowed the identification of a 9.3 kb DNA fragment, also characteristic of C. jejuni, and a DNA duplet of 9.5-10 kb, specific to C. coli. Restriction analysis with enzyme BglII allowed the visualization of DNA fragments of 3.5, 4, and 6.7 kb, characteristic of C. jejuni. C. jejuni subsp. doylei strains investigated shared a higher genetic homology among themselves-as determined by DNA/DNA hybridization-than with C. jejuni subsp. jejuni. A DNA probe, initially designed by Korolik et al. (Korolik, V.; Coloe, P. J.; Krishnapillai, V. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1988, 134, 521-529), including a DNA fragment encoding an antigenic membrane protein of 31.5 kDa in C. jejuni, when used as probe, allowed the specific identification of all strains of C. jejuni through the detection of strong hybridization signals in two BglII DNA fragments of 2.3 and 2.5 kb, which were not observed in C. coli. Cleavage of chromosomal DNA with BglII-either alone or coupled with probing assays with specific probes-proved to be a valuable tool for the speciation of Campylobacter isolates involved in foodborne disease.
Early product learning

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Early Product Learning (EPL) was designed to improve the yield for ICs by understanding the current reject trends and thus minimize the customer return spills. This project mainly focuses on the analysis of electrical failure. There are mainly four main phases in every failure analysis project. The first phase is non-destructive analysis where the analyst receive the reject sample and perform analysis such as external visual inspection, X ray imaging, acoustic imaging etc. which helps to learn as much about the sample without altering it in anyway. The next phase is the defect localization. Here the analyst replicates the failing condition reported by the customer. Without localizing the failure, the project cannot continue, since there is no evidence to show that a defect even exists. Once the fault is confirmed, the next phase is fault isolation, where the analyst do an in-depth destructive physical analysis and examination. Finally, destructive analysis and documentation which serve as the culmination of all the data collection from which an analyst will perform delayering, a cross-section, or other destructive technique to reveal the defect in its entirety and identify its most likely cause. Various advanced semiconductor failure analysis techniques were used, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Curve Tracer, Scanning Acoustic Topography (SAT) and X-ray inspection among others to isolate the root cause of electrical failure in multiple types of devices based on varied process technologies.
SH0936856.10FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Assessment of Cu(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Modified Pomelo Peels: Experiments and Modelling

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, low-cost pomelo peel wastes were used as a bio-sorbent to remove copper ions (e.g., Cu(II)) from aqueous solutions. Prior to testing its Cu(II) removal capability, the structural, physical and chemical characteristics of the sorbent were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The impacts of the initial pH, temperature, contact time and Cu(II) feed concentration on the Cu(II) biosorption using modified pomelo peels were then assessed. Thermodynamic parameters associated to the biosorption clearly demonstrate that this biosorption is thermodynamically feasible, endothermic, spontaneous and entropy driven. Furthermore, adsorption kinetic data were found to fit very well with the pseudo-second order kinetics equation, highlighting that this process is driven by a chemical adsorption. Finally, an artificial neural network with a 4:9:1 structure was then established for describing the Cu(II) adsorption using modified pomelo peels with R2 values close to 0.9999 and to 0.9988 for the training and testing sets, respectively. The results present a big potential use of the as-prepared bio-sorbent for the removal of Cu(II), as well as an efficient green technology for ecological and environmental sustainability.
VILLAGE OF WISDOM: UNDERSTANDING HOW PARENTS OF AFRICAN AMERICAN BOYS HELP THEIR CHILDREN NAVIGATE RACIAL BIAS TO ACADEMIC SUCCESS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examined how parents understand the experiences, resources, and situations that inform how they approach racial socialization with their pre-adolescent Black sons. Using qualitative analysis and leveraging a phenomenology-informed approach, I explored the psychological world of beliefs, identities, perspectives, emotions and experiences of parents. In this study, I revealed an understanding of the thought processes that precede the complex mix of messages parents share with their young boys about race. I also sought to determine how school situations contributed to or facilitated parent conversations with children about race. Parents indicated that older siblings, school-based incidents of racial bias, extended family, school lessons on diversity, and other factors impacted their racial socialization conversations. A process model of racial socialization emerged from the analysis of the data collected from parents in this study. This study adds to the research literature by identifying new factors that impact parent racial socialization and developing a richer understanding of known factors, processes and strategies that guide parent racial socialization.
A New Functional Material; Photonic Fractal

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

An entirely new functional material named photonic fractal has been developed. It can strongly localize electromagnetic waves in a dielectric fractal cube called Menger sponge without reflection and transmission. The wavelength and frequency of the localized mode can be predicted using a simple equation associated with the fractal geometry and the spatially averaged dielectric constant of the Menger sponge structure. A wide variety of applications to communication, information, energy, sensing, medical care, and other fields are considered. Design and fabrication of Menger sponge fractals with epoxy resin and ceramics, their electromagnetic wave responses, integration of photonic fractals as well as potential applications are reported.
Exploring Aesthetic Qualities of Deep Generative Models through Technological (Art) Mediation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep Generative Models (DGM) have had a great impact both on visual art and broader visual culture. In this research-through-design project we investigate the use of a DGM for helping museum visitors explore the aesthetics of Edvard Munch’s art. We designed and built an interactive drawing table that allows a user to explore a StyleGAN model trained on sketches by Edvard Munch. The paper makes two novel contributions: 1. It presents a system that allows users to interact with a DGM by drawing on paper (rather than the typical text prompts used by most current systems). 2. We demonstrate how this mode and quality of interaction establish a unique perspective on Munch’s drawings as a practice. Through qualitative evaluation, we discuss how this setup led users towards a specific hermeneutic drawing strategy that enables building competency with the model and by proxy the data it is trained on. We suggest that the resulting interaction may contribute to an "education of attention" helping museum visitors to become attentive to certain visual qualities in Munch’s drawing practice. Finally, we discuss how the concepts of technological mediation and relationality are useful for designing how the output of a DGM is understood by its users.
Drug‐induced photosensitivity: culprit drugs, potential mechanisms and clinical consequences

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary Drug‐induced photosensitivity, the development of phototoxic or photoallergic reactions due to pharmaceuticals and subsequent exposure to ultraviolet or visible light, is an adverse effect of growing interest. This is illustrated by the broad spectrum of recent investigations on the topic, ranging from molecular mechanisms and culprit drugs through epidemiological as well as public health related issues to long‐term photoaging and potential photocarcinogenic consequences. The present review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the topic while focusing on culprit drugs and long‐term effects. In total, 393 different drugs or drug compounds are reported to have a photosensitizing potential, although the level of evidence regarding their ability to induce photosensitive reactions varies markedly among these agents. The pharmaceuticals of interest belong to a wide variety of drug classes. The epidemiological risk associated with the use of photosensitizers is difficult to assess due to under‐reporting and geographical differences. However, the widespread use of photosensitizing drugs combined with the potential photocarcinogenic effects reported for several agents has major implications for health and safety and suggests a need for further research on the long‐term effects.
Nucleoporin-93 overexpression overcomes multiple nucleocytoplsamic trafficking bottlenecks to permit robust metastasis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

To identify genetic events driving breast cancer progression, we performed multi-omics integrated analyses that identified overexpression of nucleoporin-93, a nuclear pore component. Here we show that NUP93 overexpression enhances trans-endothelial migration and matrix invasion in vitro, along with metastasis in animal models. These findings were supported by analyses of naturally occurring activating NUP93 mutations and inactivating nephrotic syndrome mutations. Mechanistically, NUP93 activation enhanced the ultimate nuclear transport step shared by multiple signaling pathways, including TGF-beta/SMAD, EGF/ERK and TNF/NF-κB. Likewise, NUP93 can boost nuclear transport of beta-catenin, as well as elevate expression and inhibit degradation of this co-activator. The emerging addiction to nuclear transport exposes vulnerabilities of tumors overexpressing NUP93. Congruently, we report that myristoylated peptides corresponding to the nuclear translocation signals of SMAD and ERK inhibited growth and metastasis. Our study illuminates a previously unappreciated hallmark of advanced tumors, which derive benefit from unblocking a set of nucleocytoplasmic bottlenecks.
Do infiltrating neutrophils contribute to the pathogenesis of indomethacin induced ulceration of the rat gastric antrum?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The potential involvement of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of indomethacin induced ulceration of the gastric antrum in the re-fed rat was studied. Indomethacin was associated with a time dependent increase in the extent and severity of ulceration, blood neutrophilia, neutrophil infiltration into the gastric antrum, and calcium ionophore induced immunoreactive leukotriene B4 (LTB4) release from the antrum ex vivo. Neutrophil infiltration into the antrum was detectable 1 hour after dosing with indomethacin, at which time damage was apparent microscopically but not macroscopically. Thus, cell infiltration may contribute to the development, if not the initiation, of ulceration. Consistent with this suggestion, oral dexamethasone (5 mg/kg) significantly attenuated indomethacin induced ulceration, the associated neutrophil infiltration, and calcium ionophore induced immunoreactive leukotriene B4 release from the gastric antrum and whole blood ex vivo, although the blood neutrophilia was unaffected. These results suggest that indomethacin induced ulceration of the rat gastric antrum may have a dependence on neutrophil infiltration for its pathogenesis.