jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fish Faunal Diversity and Species Composition in Rupnarayan River, West Bengal, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A comprehensive fish diversity study in the Rupnarayan River in West Bengal, India, were undertaken for two years, once every month at four separate study locations. Recorded a total of 109 fish species, which were ultimately divided into 82 genera, 44 families, and 19 orders. Seventy-one of the total number of fish species were designated as being the first to be documented from the Rupnarayan’s water. The order Cypriniformes has the highest composition (18.26%), followed by the Siluriformes (13.80%), Clupeiformes (13.42%), and so on. Cyprinidae represented 17.02% of the total, followed by Mugilidae (9.40%), Engraulidae (7.90%), and so forth. In the winter, Station II had the greatest Simpson's index of diversity (0.983), whereas in the summer, Station III had the lowest (0.961). Sorensen's findings reveal strong predicted similarities between stations I - II (0.84) and II - III (0.76), moderate similarities between stations III - IV (0.63), and a dissimilarity between stations I - IV (0.26). The current study is an up-to-date documentation of the finfish faunal variety and spatial distribution along the entire length of the Rupnarayan River will certainly be a helpful baseline data for future researchers and fishery planners.
The effect of short term empathy training on authoritarianism of a small private college faculty

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of short term empathy training on the faculty of a small, private college faculty. Specific attention is given to examining the effects of empathy training on the variables of authoritarianism and dogmatism. Several studies regarding empathy training were reviewed. It was found that a majority of the designs used in these studies limited their emphasis to the effect of training on increased empathy. Very little had been done to expand our knowledge to other variables.
Data from Phase II, Open-Label Study of Brivanib as Second-Line Therapy in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Brivanib, a selective dual inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor and VEGF signaling, has recently been shown to have activity as first-line treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This phase II open-label study assessed brivanib as second-line therapy in patients with advanced HCC who had failed prior antiangiogenic treatment.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Brivanib was administered orally at a dose of 800 mg once daily. The primary objectives were tumor response rate, time to response, duration of response, progression-free survival, overall survival (OS), disease control rate, time to progression (TTP), and safety and tolerability.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Forty-six patients were treated. Best responses to treatment with brivanib (<i>N</i> = 46 patients) using modified World Health Organization criteria were partial responses for two patients (4.3%), stable disease for 19 patients (41.3%), and progressive disease for 19 patients (41.3%). The tumor response rate was 4.3%; the disease control rate was 45.7%. Median OS was 9.79 months. Median TTP as assessed by study investigators following second-line treatment with brivanib was 2.7 months. The most common adverse events were fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, diarrhea, and hypertension.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Brivanib had a manageable safety profile and is one of the first agents to show promising antitumor activity in advanced HCC patients treated with prior sorafenib. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 18(7); 2090–8. ©2012 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Optimal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) cutoff values in the diagnosis of neoplastic mucinous pancreatic cysts differ among assays

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim Pancreatic cyst fluid carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a pivotal test in the diagnosis and management of neoplastic mucinous cysts (NMC) of the pancreas. Cyst fluid CEA levels of 192 ng/mL have been widely used to identify NMC. However, CEA values are unique to and significantly differ between individual assays with various optimal cutoffs reported in the literature for NMC. Here, we investigate the optimal CEA cut-off value of pancreatic cysts from two different assays to identify differences in thresholds. Methods Pancreatic cyst fluid CEA levels, CEA assay platform (Beckman Dxl (BD) or Siemens Centaur XP (SC)), and clinical/pathological information were retrospectively collected. Cases were categorised into either NMC or non-NMC. Optimal CEA cut-off values were calculated via a receiver operator characteristic curve. Cut-off values were then identified separately by assay platform. Results In total, 149 pancreatic cystic lesions with concurrent CEA values (SC: n=47; BD: n=102) were included. Histological correlation was available for 26 (17%) samples. The optimal CEA cut-off value for all samples at the study institution was 45.9 ng/mL (area under the curve (AUC)=86, Sn=85.7%, Sp=73.8%). When analysed separately by CEA assay, the cut-off values were 45.9 ng/mL (AUC=84.27, Sn=89.7%, Sp=71.4%) for BD and 24.4 ng/mL (AUC=77, Sn=81.8%, Sp=75%) for SC (p=0.48). Conclusions This study showed an optimal pancreas cyst CEA cut-off threshold of 45.9 ng/mL, which is lower than commonly cited literature with different cutoffs on the two separate platforms (BD: 45.9 ng/mL, SC: 24.4 ng/mL).
Direct regulation of pluripotency genes by Nr5a2.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 (Nr5a2), also known as Liver Receptor Homolog -1 or LRH-1, is an orphan nuclear receptor found to be involved in important metabolic processes such as bile acid metabolism, steroidogenesis and liver development. Interestingly, Nr5a2 has recently been shown to be able to replace Oct4 in the factor mediated reprogramming of terminally differentiated cells back to a pluripotent state. Furthermore, in a genome-wide screen, ectopic expression of Nr5a2 was found to greatly enhance the conversion of epiblast stem cells to ground state pluripotency. However, the mechanism in which Nr5a2 perform such feats remain unclear. In order to dissect the role of Nr5a2 in reprogramming, we conducted experiments to investigate its direct regulation of pluripotency genes in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Ectopic expression of Nr5a2 in mESC resulted in the upregulation of pluripotency genes Nanog, Klf2 and Tbx3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that Nr5a2 binds to the promoters of Nanog, Tbx3 and Klf2. The direct binding of Nr5a2 was further validated with electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Using reporter assay, it was also shown that Nr5a2 regulates the Nanog enhancer activity. In summary, this study identified potential pluripotent targets of Nr5a2 in mESC.
Essays on Asset Pricing Models with Jump Processes

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This dissertation contains four autonomous academic papers on asset pricing models with jump processes, including the studies of equilibrium asset pricing model, option pricing model, and empirical test. The common thread between them is the application of jump processes that links them in asset price modeling. The first three papers study Lévy process and its inhomogeneous extensions, while the last one studies contagious Hawkes processes. The first essay proposes a novel equilibrium asset pricing model under the semiparametric jump diffusion framework, including drift, volatility and jump intensity in a general time-varying form. The corresponding pricing kernel provides insights on option pricing, and equity premium puzzle [Mehra & Prescott (1985)]. The analytical solutions of equity premium and European call option are given as well. The second essay introduces a new econometric method/procedure to disentangle the three time-varying components of drift, volatility and jump in asset prices. By combining Hodrick-Prescott filter and particle filters, I decomposed the three timevarying components in the S&P500 index, and observed the clustering of volatility and jumps, though the clustering effects are more pronounced when the time-varying drift is negative. Empirical results support the proposed time-varying jump diffusion asset pricing model in Chapter 2. The third essay studies the (un)importance of small jumps in option pricing models. The option pricing literature argues that the behavior of small jumps in a Geometric Lévy model is of paramount importance [Carr et al. (2002)]. This is evidently true for very short time horizons and very deep in- and out-of-the-money options. In this paper, we took the complementary view and asked what values of time to maturity and option moneyness in a Geometric Lévy model lead to option prices, which are practically indistinguishable from the price of plain vanilla options in the BlackScholes model. In other words, in what situation that the Lévy model in question can be replaced with a Brownian motion with minimal pricing error. We produced explicit tight bounds in the case of a Poisson jump process, and related heuristic bounds for arbitrary Lévy process with exponentially decaying jump intensity. The fourth essay models and tests contagious jumps in bull/bear market regimes, in which I developed the regime switching Hawkes processes to model the contagious asset jumps in the international stock market. This new model allows serial and regional contagion in international asset prices, in which contagious impact can be flexible to accommodate different market conditions.
Neoplastic Reactions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neoplastic reactions, including benign and malignant tumors, can be induced by different conventional chemotherapeutics and in particular by targeted cancer drugs. Regarding neoplastic reactions of the skin, subsequent malignant and in situ neoplasms in long-term cancer survivors are almost exclusively associated with radiotherapy. Yet, conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, and in particular selected targeted cancer drugs, may cause a broad spectrum of benign and malignant neoplastic reactions. A nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) of particular importance in cancer patients receiving BRAF-targeted therapies is the keratoacanthoma (KA). KAs develop as solitary, sometimes multiple, exophytic, dome-shaped tumors with a central ulceration that are characterized by a rapid growth over few weeks. NMSC is the most common subsequent neoplasms in long-term cancer survivors accounting for more than 40% of all confirmed SNs. In adults, the antimetabolite hydroxyurea (HU) has been associated to the development of multiple NMSCs. Discontinuation of HU is proposed to result in a resolution or at least improvement of respective tumors.
Exploring New Horizons for Remanufacturing an Up-to-date Overview of Industries, Products and Technologies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Remanufacturing has become an impressively booming technology within the past decade–serving both economical and ecological needs and conquering more industries and product sectors than ever before. The author, who runs the European Remanufacturing Technology Center (ERTC) at the University of Bayreuth, supports this trend by developing the appropriate new technologies by his team of three dozens of highly motivated and qualified engineers and scientists. This presentation offers an up-to-date overview of Remanufacturinǵs role within todaýs Life-cycle-Engineering efforts worldwide, pointing out progress achieved, milestones ahead and also severe obstacles to overcome. Relevant results of ERTĆs work here will be presented by examples from both the automotive and non-automotive industrial sectors.
Complementary effect of crop wastes and inorganic fertilizers on yield, nutrient uptake and residual fertility in mustard (Brassica juncea) - rice (Oryza sativa) cropping sequence

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was,conducted during 1992-93 and 1993-94 to study the direct and residual.l effects of different organic and inorganic sources of fertilizers in the mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson]-rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping sequence in acid lateritic sandy clay loam soil at Kharagpur. There was an increase in mustard yield by about 165% with higher level (N 60 P 36 K 24 ) offertilizer application. But there was no significant difference between inorganic or combined organic) and inorganic sources. Rice registered 9-21 % increase in grain yield when mustard crop residue or green manure wasapplied over the control, The organic materials applied alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizer had greater residual fertility in terms of increase in organic carbon content from 0.36 to as high as 0.61 % and the available N,P and K nutrients in 2 years cropping cycle.
Research on collaborative scheduling mechanism and method of automatic guided vehicles in complex warehouse

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the continuous development of the e-commerce industry, the surge in commodity logistics orders raises higher requirements for warehouse management. Intelligent unmanned warehouse gradually replaces traditional warehouses. The automatic guide vehicle (AGV) has become one of the important equipment for the operation of the unmanned warehouse because of its flexible cargo handling capacity, which can greatly meet the needs of cargo handling and improve the automation of unmanned warehouses. This paper studies the optimal scheduling problem of a complex unmanned warehouse carrying robot, combs the whole process of AGV optimal scheduling, considers the dispatching entities such as commodity pallets and AGV, studies the optimal scheduling problem of AGV from two perspectives of "mechanism" and "method", designs a multi-agent cooperative AGV scheduling mechanism, and establishes a multi-constrained, multi-objective, and integrated dispatching mechanism based on this. A "commodity pallet-AGV" collaborative scheduling model with multistage decision-making is presented, and an improved heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the model.
Attitudes to social policies relevant to family formation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter explores people’s attitudes to childcare, work-life balance and related social policies in relation to their attitudes to having children. New measures were developed to tap attitudes in this sphere. It is clear that choices regarding family size are being influenced by child care costs and the data suggest that if these were more affordable people would be inclined to have more children than they are presently having. Another important factor which impinges on fertility decisions is that the workplace as currently constructed is not viewed as conducive to work-life balance and flexible working policies are perceived as relevant to childbearing decisions. Results signalled a readiness for greater sharing of childcare between men and women. The findings underscore the need for social policy to address the dilemmas faced by young people who want to start families, while at the same time fulfilling their own needs for autonomy and development.
A new species and a new variety of Radula Dumort. (Radulaceae, Marchantiophyta) from Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the course of a taxonomic study of Radula in Brazil, a new species from Bahia and a new variety of R. fendleri from Rio de Janeiro were detected. The new species is characterized by plants irregularly pinnate, leaves oblong-ovate with entire to sinuate margins, cell walls with small trigones at leaf base and midleaf, increasing in size toward the leaf margins, and lobules distant to subimbricate with a rounded base, covering 2/3 to fully overlapping the stem. The new variety differs from the type variety by plants paroicous, leaf cells with trigones small or lacking, and absence of caducous leaves. A full description and illustration of the new taxa as well as comments on morphology, taxonomy, and distribution are provided.
CULTURALLY SPECIFIC SENSE OF SIMILE IN TRANSLATION (A CASE STUDY OF THE FLORA NAMES LEAF, TREE IN UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Culturally specifi c images and symbols are ethnic semantics carriers. They show historical, national and cultural experience of the nation. The translation studies analysis of similes with a fl ora name, verbalised in the Ukrainian-English language pair, enables tracing the peculiarities of culturally specifi c images and concepts. The article investigates, analyses and gives detailed characteristic of the notion of the culturally specifi c sense as an element of the actual sense of simile, peculiarities of universal and nationally specifi c attributes being the result of the national conceptualisation of a corresponding fl ora object (leaf, tree) in the consciousness of Ukrainian and English speakers. Translation studies analysis is applied aiming at revealing the ways of rendering the culturally specifi c sense in similes with a fl ora name (leaf, tree). Ways of translating simile with the utmost load of cultural information rendering are discussed. Key words: simile, fl ora name, translation, culturally specifi c sense, ways of translation
Analysis of deforestation patterns in the central Menabe, Madagascar, between 1973 and 2010

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

he central Menabe region still holds the largest remnant of dry forest in western Madagascar. These forests are home to high floral and faunal diversity including a number of local and regional endemics. The forests of the central Menabe have been classified as conservation hotspots. However, pressure on these forests is strong and deforestation continues on a large scale. To quantify recent forest loss, we used a series of satellite images (1973–2010) for estimating annual deforestation rates. The overall rate was 0.67 %, but it accelerated during certain periods to over 1.5 % with a maximum of 2.55 % per year between 2008 and 2010. Not all areas within the forest block of the central Menabe are affected similarly. Areas surrounding existing clearings show the highest losses of largely undisturbed forest. If deforestation continues at the same rate as during the last years, 50 % of the 1973 forest cover will be gone within the next 11–37 years.
Qiryat Ata

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During June 2001 a salvage excavation was conducted on Bethlehem Street in Qiryat Ata (Permit No. A-3450*; map ref. NIG 210185-200/745525-540; OIG 160185-200/245525-540), in the wake of digging foundations for an electric pole. The excavation, on behalf of the Antiquities Authority and funded by the Electric Company, was directed by E. 'Awawdy, assisted by V. Pirsky (surveying).
School Music in Sixteenth-Century Strasbourg

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

D URING THE COURSE of research connected with the keybord tablatures of Bernhard Schmid, father and son, numerous facts about musical life in Renaissance Strasbourg came to light. The following essay collects those facts which relate to music in the schools. Although knowledge about problems in sixteenth-century Strasbourg may not solve any difficulties for the public school music teacher today, historical perspective may provide him a measure of serenity. It would seem, indeed, that the perplexing questions facing music teachers are probably as old as the art itself.
Guardians of the Genome: BRCA2 and Its Partners

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The tumor suppressor BRCA2 functions as a central caretaker of genome stability, and individuals who carry BRCA2 mutations are predisposed to breast, ovarian, and other cancers. Recent research advanced our mechanistic understanding of BRCA2 and its various interaction partners in DNA repair, DNA replication support, and DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice. In this review, we discuss the biochemical and structural properties of BRCA2 and examine how these fundamental properties contribute to DNA repair and replication fork stabilization in living cells. We highlight selected BRCA2 binding partners and discuss their role in BRCA2-mediated homologous recombination and fork protection. Improved mechanistic understanding of how BRCA2 functions in genome stability maintenance can enable experimental evidence-based evaluation of pathogenic BRCA2 mutations and BRCA2 pseudo-revertants to support targeted therapy.
Biological control of imported cabbageworm (Pieris rapae, Lepidoptera: Pieridae) with Steinernema feltiae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Imported cabbageworm (Pieris rapae L., Peiridae) is an economically important pest of cabbage throughout temperate and subtropical zones. Damage from P. rapae feeding causes irregular holes on older cabbage leaves. Under severe infestations, larvae skeletonize leaves. Over all, losses can be up to 71% in cabbage. Concerns about effects of pesticides on human health and non-target organisms have led to a reduction in the use of these chemicals. Pieris rapae has many natural enemies, including predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) represent another potential biological agent group for P. rapae. Steinernema carpocapsae and S. feltiae can play a role in the control of P. rapae but face several obstacles to their successful deployment. Insects have an immune response to EPNs and their symbiotic bacteria. However, EPNs react and can be non-recognized (evasion) by the insect host, tolerate insect encapsulation (tolerance), or suppress insect encapsulation (suppression). EPNs are adversely affected by temperature, sunlight, lack of moisture, and UV radiation. Many approaches can be utilized to enhance the application of EPN to control foliage-feeding insects. This thesis research is aimed to determine whether low population densities of EPN infective juveniles (IJs) can work as well as high population densities, whether the efficacy of low EPN population densities on mortality of P. rapae is sufficient, whether S. feltiae infects P. rapae before dying due to lethal environmental conditions, and whether mixing S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae can increase the mortality of P. rapae. Just 1.6 IJs/cm² were able to defend an area and give 92% mortality of P. rapae 4th instar larvae. A 3-hour exposure was sufficient for S. feltiae to infect P. rapae larvae and give 90% mortality. A minimum number of IJs should penetrate the larvae to achieve successful infection and produce a new generation. Not all the cadavers from a 2-hour exposure produced EPNs. Some cadavers apparently were invaded by IJs sufficient to kill the insect but not by enough IJs to escape the insect immunity, survive, and reproduce. Combining EPN species further increases the level of insect mortality over that of a single EPN species. Exposure time is also important to achieve a successful invasion of the target insect, especially for low population densities of EPNs. The basic knowledge for making a decision to use EPNs in the field is to apply during the day avoiding high temperatures and UV radiation. Mixing species of EPNs can enhance EPN efficacy.
Female Individualization and Illiberal Pragmatism: Blogging and New Life Politics in Singapore

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The last few decades of accelerated postcolonial modernization in Singapore have created a highly educated polity. Recent developments in the country's transition to the new knowledge and creative economy have also witnessed the rise of a media-savvy and entrepreneurial population. As new cultural economic policies have appropriated the technologies of sex, sexuality and gender to envision the contemporary nation state, women in Singapore have been at the forefront and been the beneficiaries of these changes.