jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Coupled Vibration Response Analysis of Tension Leg Platform Tendon Under Irregular Ocean Wave Action

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To analyze the dynamic response of tension leg platform (TLP) tendons under irregular ocean wave action, the governing equations of coupled vibration between the platform and tendon under irregular wave action are established based on Hamilton’s principle and the Kirchhoff hypothesis. Using the spectrum representation–random function method, the power spectral density function of the irregular wave load is derived, and the lateral wave forces at different tendon locations are calculated. The coupled lateral and axial responses of the tendon system are obtained through the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. Considering the parametric vibrations of both the platform and tendon, the extreme lateral deflection of the tendon is employed as the control index to derive the probability density curves of the tendon deflection under irregular wave load. The results show that the amplitude of the wave load increases gradually along the height of the tendon, with a faster growth rate at locations closer to the water surface. The tendon’s lateral deflection response changes more drastically due to coupled parametric vibration of the platform. Based on 628 complete samples of irregular wave loads, the probability density curve and cumulative distribution curve of the extreme lateral deflection of the tendon under irregular wave loads are obtained. Under typical sea state conditions generated from the P-M wave spectrum, the reliability of the tendon under irregular wave load increases with the initial tension force.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neuropsychiatry

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Historical Overview Introduction and Overview of TMS Physics Basic Neurophysiological Studies with TMS TMS Effects on Animal Models of Depression and Mania -Implications of Hippocampal Electrophysiology TMS as a Primary Brain Mapping Tool Safety Concerns of TMS TMS in Hypokinetic Movement Disorders TMS in Epilepsy TMS in Major Depression Is TMS an Antibipolar Treatment? TMS in Anxiety Disorders TMS in Developmental Stuttering and Tourette's Syndrome TMS in Schizophrenia TMS and Neuroimaging Speculations on the Future of rTMS and Related Therapeutic Modalities.
Berlin Urban Spaces as Social Surfaces: Machine Aesthetics and Surface Texture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the Berlin of the Weimar Republic, conflict raged not only over a new architecture corresponding to the optical culture but also over new forms of urban space. This essay, through a broad overview of the social spaces of Berlin, explores the tension between "artisanal" and "industrial" production and between collective and individual labor. It shows how different sociopolitical environments mobilized artisanal and industrial tropes and analyzes the ways in which they were construed iconographically.
Phosphorus in transition cows : A dairy cow trial on phosphorus metabolism in the transition period

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study evaluates the effect of different dietary phosphorus (P) levels in dairy cattle during the transition period, focussing on animal performance and animal health. Overfeeding P in the dry period (185% vs. 100% of requirements) did not affect feed intake or milk yield postpartum, but decreased plasma P and Ca concentrations and increased the risk for periparturient hypocalcemia. A reduction of the dietary P content in lactation diets (70% vs. 100%) reduced the average plasma P concentration, increased plasma Ca concentration and P mobilisation and reduced faecal excretion of P. However, no negative effects on cow performance or animal health were found for diets with a P content below calculated requirements in the first eight weeks postpartum.
Development of a SYBR GreenIreal-time PCR for detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus based on toxR gene

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A pair of specific primers target to toxR gene of V.parahaemolyticus was designed,and a real-time PCR using SYBR Green Ⅰ for V.parahaemolyticus detection was established.The results showed that the PCR primers could amplify 368 bp gene fragment from chromosomal DNA of V.parahaemolyticus,and no positive reaction was detected in 4 other pathogenic Vibrio species using conventional PCR.Amplification curves of SYBR GreenⅠreal time PCR revealed the geometric phase and plateau phase of PCR;the melting curve analysis using SYBR GreenⅠshowed one specific peak with a melting temperature(Tm)of 85℃,and no primer-dimers peak represent.Analysis of standard curves revealed excellent correlation between the quantity of bacteria(2.7×108 to 2.7×102) and PCR threshold cycle(Ct) values,the correlation rate was 0.998(R2=0.998),indicating that the SYBR GreenⅠreal-time PCR could be used as an effective assay for quantification of pathogenic V.parahaemolyticus.The assay could be completed within 4-5 h from extraction of nucleic acids to analysis of resuts,the SYBR GreenⅠreal-time PCR was a simple,rapid,specific and sensitive method for the diagnose of aquatic animals disease and safety detection of food caused by V.parahaemolyticus.
Possible identification of quantitative trait loci affecting iron efficiency in soybean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Iron (Fe)‐deficiency in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] may cause yield reductions when certain genotypes are planted on 4 calcareous soil. This research was conducted to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Fe‐efficiency in a set of lines (set 1), and to test these associations in another set of lines of the same population (tester set). The population was formed by crossing a Glycine max experimental line (Fe‐inefficient) and a C. soja plant introduction (Fe‐efficient). Set 1 was used to construct a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linkage map using 272 markers for the analysis. The tester set was developed to check the results obtained from set 1. Iron‐efficiency was measured using 13 F2‐derived lines of both sets in field plantings on calcareous soils. Set 1 and and the tester set were evaluated over two and one years, respectively. The lines were grown each year at two locations per year, with three replications per location in Iowa. Three markers were significantly (P<0.01) associated with Fe‐efficiency in set 1. Two of these markers were linked and explained 31 and 25% of the variation for Fe‐efficiency in the population. The other marker explained 17% of the variation. The associations were inconsistent between sets. Several important associations in set 1 were not significant in the tester set. These results indicated that of the 272 molecular markers used, none was associated with the observed variation in Fe‐efficiency.
Natural History of Chronic Pyelonephritic Scarring

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The large irregular scar seen in the natural specimen is nearly always associated with destruction of the related renal pyramid. It differs from the scar due to infarction in that with the latter the associated pyramid remains, albeit reduced in size (Smith, 1962). It is thus easily recognized in excretion pyelography when this procedure is conducted so that the renal outlines are defined (either by careful preliminary preparation of the abdomen or by means of tomography). The scar reveals itself as a localized narrowing of the renal substance, often only a few millimetres thick, which is associated with distortion, blunting, or complete absence of the adjacent pyramid, depending on its size and age. There may or may not be a flattening or depres sion in the renal outline at the site (Hodson, 1959). In fact, in many cases the renal outline is remarkably smooth. This appearance can be exactly mimicked by chronic ulcerating tuberculosis, by back-pressure atrophy behind a calculus jammed in a calix, and by what has become known as the phenacetin kidney, except that in the last instance necrotizing papillitis results in the frequent sloughing and separation of the pyramid, which has not yet been seen in our series of pyelonephritic scars. When generalized throughout the kidney such scarring is often confused with generalized back-pressure atrophy due to prolonged obstruction of urine-flow at the renal pelvis or in the ureter. This also presents as a flattening or recession of the actual pyramids associated with narrowing of the renal sub stance, but without scarring. Also, these effects are present uniformly and to an equal degree throughout and produce a radiological appearance which is quite different from the very irregular result of renal scarring. The two can be clearly differentiated, except sometimes in the very small contracted kidney. In fact, experience over 10 years, often checked by surgical and necropsy evidence, has shown that radiology pro vides a very reliable means of diagnosing this scarred form of chronic pyelonephritis during life, and thus a means of studying the life-history of this condition in a manner not possible by other methods of observation. It must be emphasized that often a scar can be so extensive that it must represent the gross destruction of a tissue mass amounting at times to most of an upper or lower renal pole.
Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl‐Substituted Azines via Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen with Perfluoroisopropyl Carbanions.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effect of extracellular histones on intestinal mucosa barrier function in mice and role of extracellular histones in development of sepsis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective
To investigate the effect of extracellular histones (EH) on intestinal mucosal barrier function in mice and the correlation of EH with the pathogenesis of sepsis.

Methods
Twenty male C57BL/6 mice were assigned into experiment group (n=10) and control group (n=10) according to the random number table. Same dose (50 mg/kg) of EH and saline were administered through the caudal vein of mice in experiment and control groups respectively. Blood and intestinal samples in each group were collected 3 h after the administration. Morphology of intestinal mucosal tissue was detected by light scope and transmission electron microscope. Expressions of tight junction related proteins (ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1) were detected by western blot. Plasma levels of diamine oxidase (DAO) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) were determined by ELISA method. Plasma level of endotoxin (ET) was determined by limulus test.

Results
Under transmission electron microscope, experiment group showed disorganized microvilli of intestinal epithelial cells with partially twisted, broken and lost, unclear tight junctions, and widened cellular space. Under light scope, experiment group showed substantial inflammatory cell infiltration in the intestinal wall, disorganized intestinal villi, edema and hemorrhage of mucosa and submucosa, and edematous goblet cells. Experimental versus control group showed significant reduction in levels of Claudin-1 (0.587 7±0.060 6 vs. 0.677 2±0.038 3), Occludin (0.127 7±0.085 7 vs. 0.430 6±0.086 9) and ZO-1 (0.393 3±0.080 8 vs. 0.812 8±0.096 3) (P<0.05). Experimental versus control group showed significantly up-regulated plasma levels of DAO [(1.61±0.20)U/ml vs. (0.69±0.15)U/ml], I-FABP [(548.5±36.8)EU/ml vs. (178.8±26.9) EU/ml] and ET [(0.182±0.076) EU/ml vs. (0.091±0.029) EU/ml](P<0.05).

Conclusion
EH can obviously impair the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier in mice and hence induce endotoxin translocation.

Key words:
Histones; Intestines; Sepsis
Neonatal Resuscitation Program Provider Courses in Turkey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective:We aimed to reveal the factors effecting the success rates of participants and change in their levels of knowledge following Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) courses in our country.Methods: Type of our study is descriptive.Electronic and printed course report files were used for data collection.From course reports data about participants including their occupation, specialty, working place, gender, results of pre-test, post-test, final and practice exams were obtained.Results: In the second half of 2007, 1411 health workers attended NRP provider courses.Difference between pre and post-test results was significant.A final exam was given to the participants at the end of the provider course which aimed to evaluate the course and participants and also as a legislative necessity for certification.Mean score of the participants was 94.8±4.7 for written test and 95.5±4.5 for practice exam.Also differences were found in the results of pre-test, post-test, written and practice exams with respect to occupation, working place and gender of the patients Conclusion: NRP training achieved a significant increase in knowledge and skill levels of the health workers in our study group.In order to assess impact of NRP on levels of practice, knowledge and skills, the participants should be evaluated during a follow-up period after training.
In Vivo/In Vitro Properties of Novel Antioxidant Peptide from Pinctada fucata

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Due to the potential of antioxidants to scavenge free radicals in human body, it is important to be able to prepare antioxidant peptides that meet the industrial requirements for cosmetics and food. Here, we determined in vivo/in vitro activities of antioxidant peptide from P. fucata (PFAOP) prepared by bio-fermentation method. The antioxidant property test results showed the DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical-scavenging, and cellular antioxidant activity. EC50 values of PFAOPs were 0.018 ± 0.005, 0.126 ± 0.008, 0.168 ± 0.005, and 0.105 ± 0.005 mg/ml, respectively, exhibiting higher antioxidant activities than glutathione (p < 0.05). Moreover, anti-proliferation and cytotoxicity activity results illustrated PFAOP has a potent anti-proliferative activity against HepG2, Caco-2, and MCF-7 carcinoma cells with no cytotoxicity. Moreover, the protocols we developed in this work demonstrated several excellent advantages in PFAOP preparation compared to enzymatic hydrolysis or chemical synthesis methods and provide a theoretical foundation for higher-value application of marine-derived functional peptides.
“I still think there’s like a huge stigma”: Understanding suicide-related stigma among those with lived experiences

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present study aimed to understand the experiences of those with a history of suicidal thoughts versus suicide attempts with regards to suicide-related stigma and whether there were differences between these groups. Thirty participants aged 18 to 71 years (70% female) took part in one-to-one interviews about their experiences of suicide-related stigma, 50% had a history of suicidal thoughts, and 50% had a history of suicide attempts. Five main themes were identified: 1) "suicide is stigmatised;" 2) "it's like the elephant in the room, nobody wants to talk about it;" 3) "I was so ashamed;" 4) "I think generally people think suicide is selfish, cowardly, inexplicable, mad;" and 5) "So I guess it's about being taken seriously and being believed almost." Both groups (suicidal thoughts group and suicide attempts group) described similar experiences of suicide-related stigma. Suicide-related stigma often made them feel more suicidal, unsupported, and hesitant to seek help.
The Role and Development of Industrial Internet Platforms in the Digital Transformation of the Tobacco Industry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The tobacco industry, akin to traditional manufacturing, exhibits a high level of integration. The tobacco industrial Internet platform combines information from the tobacco industry, is able to efficiently interact with and process data, and plays a vital role in the transformation and development of the tobacco industry’s digitalization. Based on an analysis of the current state of digital transformation in the tobacco industry, we designed the tobacco industrial Internet platform. This platform primarily relies on the core of the information physical system (CPS), the industrial Internet of Things, and the production and manufacturing simulation system. It offers functions such as production preview, real-time simulation, and comprehensive life cycle management of production equipment. After putting the industrial Internet platform designed in this paper to the test in the tobacco industry, the amount of sewage from the tobacco boiler during production went down by 0.32 tons, and the amount of energy used to make cigarettes went down by 5.07 m³/box from before the platform was used to after it was used. This shows that the tobacco industrial Internet platform proposed in this paper is a good way to improve quality and efficiency, cut down on energy use, and improve the production of tobacco. This demonstrates that the implementation of the tobacco industrial Internet platform in this paper significantly enhances quality, reduces consumption, and conserves energy in tobacco production.
Fiber-optic absorption/fluorescence probes for combustion measurements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text George Kychakoff, Mark A. Kimball-Linne, and Ronald K. Hanson, "Fiber-optic absorption/fluorescence probes for combustion measurements," Appl. Opt. 22, 1426_1-1428 (1983) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
LH release is facilitated by agents that alter cyclic AMP-generating system

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The issue of whether the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-generating system contributes to luteinizing hormone (LH) release was addressed by using several complementary probes in vitro. Pertussis toxin is considered to modify covalently an inhibitory adenylate cyclase regulatory protein. Treatment of gonadotrophs with this toxin increased both basal LH release and the efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated LH release with no apparent effect on GnRH potency. Cholera toxin, which probably activates adenylate cyclase by covalently altering another regulatory protein, forskolin, which directly stimulates the catalytic subunit of adenylate cyclase, and the cAMP analogue 8-Br-cAMP amplified both basal LH release (in a dose-dependent manner) and GnRH-stimulated LH release after a lag of 1 (cholera toxin and 8-Br-cAmP) and 4 (forskolin) h. It is noteworthy that these belated effects occurred in spite of the fact that cellular cAMP accumulation was markedly increased within 30 min after cholera toxin and at 1 min after forskolin addition. There was no change in total radioimmunoassayable LH (cellular + released) in either the basal or GnRH-treated cells after cholera toxin and forskolin for up to 24 h. Finally, the forskolin-amplified LH release was reversible and calcium dependent because D-600, EDTA, and calcium-free medium inhibited this effect. These results, generated with three complementary probes that affect integral proteins of the adenylate cyclase complex, suggest a function for cAMP in modulating LH release.
Intrinsic motivation for knowledge sharing – competitive intelligence process in a telecom company

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Knowledge about competitive environments is a determinant factor for the success of a firm, as it may allow it to anticipate threats and opportunities in its market. This study aims to explore variables that enable or prevent an employee’s intrinsic motivation to share knowledge. It studies the collection and sharing of information that may be a signal of future competitive moves in competitive intelligence (CI) processes. Design/methodology/approach Canonical correlation was used by utilizing survey data from a company. The study was based on the self-determination theory relating intrinsic motivation to behavior. Findings The study confirms the importance of different aspects motivating knowledge sharing behavior, such as information system’s support, top management support and information feed-back. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to one company, respecting the limitations of a case study, but external validation was impossible to test. Findings showed a strong correlation of some variables with intrinsic motivation and are coherent with other studies in the knowledge sharing field. Practical implications Firms introducing knowledge sharing processes should pay attention to the importance of information system support. The relationship with people involved is also important, as in supporting their collaborations and giving feed-back to contributions. Sustaining intrinsic motivation seems a fundamental aspect to the process’ success. Originality/value The study indicates the relation of different variables of motivation with motivation. It explores knowledge sharing in a CI process, an important process in firms nowadays. It shows important aspects that ensure continuity of knowledge sharing as informational feed-back and top management support. Canonical correlation was also used, a technique not frequently explored and useful to study correlation among groups of variables.
Sedentary vs. Active Adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

While the correlation between affective states during exercise and participation in exercise has been demonstrated, our ability to predict future exercise behavior based on in-task affect is unclear. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which the affective experience of exercise influences intentions and future behavior, and the examination of potential differences between sedentary and active individuals, could aid in the development of more effective exercise interventions for sedentary populations. PURPOSE: To compare the relationship between self-reported affect during a bout of moderate intensity exercise, exercise intentions and future exercise behavior for active vs. sedentary individuals. METHODS: Active (n = 83) and sedentary (n = 52) participants exercised for 30 minutes at 65% VO2max. Using the Physical Activity Affect Scale, participants reported positive affect, negative affect, exhaustion and tranquility every 10 minutes during the bout of exercise. Participants reported exercise intentions and frequency of participation in exercise at baseline and a 3-month follow-up assessment. RESULTS: Compared to sedentary participants, active participants reported significantly less negative affect (β = −.15, SE = .04, p < .01) and less physical exhaustion (β = −.58, SE = .08, p < .01) during the exercise bout. Both active and sedentary individuals reporting less negative affect during exercise reported higher intentions to exercise at follow-up (β = 1.78, SE = .50, p = .01). Activity level at baseline moderated the effect of in-task affect on future exercise behavior, such that less negative affect during exercise corresponded to more frequent exercise at follow-up, but only for active participants (F1,131 = 7.17, p < .01). CONCLUSION: While affective states during exercise are related to exercise intentions in both sedentary and active individuals, less negative affect during exercise positively predicts future exercise behavior only for currently active individuals. This suggests that a favorable affective response to exercise influences exercise maintenance, but not necessarily initiation.