jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Two New Complete Genome Sequences Offer Insight into Host and Tissue Specificity of Plant Pathogenic Xanthomonas spp

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Xanthomonas is a large genus of bacteria that collectively cause disease on more than 300 plant species. The broad host range of the genus contrasts with stringent host and tissue specificity for individual species and pathovars. Whole-genome sequences of Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani strain 756C and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola strain BLS256, pathogens that infect the mesophyll tissue of the leading models for plant biology, Arabidopsis thaliana and rice, respectively, were determined and provided insight into the genetic determinants of host and tissue specificity. Comparisons were made with genomes of closely related strains that infect the vascular tissue of the same hosts and across a larger collection of complete Xanthomonas genomes. The results suggest a model in which complex sets of adaptations at the level of gene content account for host specificity and subtler adaptations at the level of amino acid or noncoding regulatory nucleotide sequence determine tissue specificity.
Research on Green Total Factor Productivity of Yangtze River Economic Belt Based on Environmental Regulation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is facing many environmental problems that need to be solved in the process of development. This paper aims to analyze the environmental governance effects of nine provinces and two municipalities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2009 to 2018. Firstly, based on the input-output index, the slacks-based measure (SBM) undesirable model and Malmquist (ML) index were used to measure the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of the YREB from 2009 to 2018. The results showed that the technological progress index contributed the most to the GTFP of the YREB, followed by the pure technical efficiency index and the scale efficiency index. Environmental regulation has no significant impact on the GTFP of the YREB. Secondly, by analyzing the effect of environmental governance in the YREB, the results show that the main reasons for the ineffective environmental governance in the YREB are the redundant input of environmental resources, excessive unwanted output, and low harmless treatment rate of municipal solid waste, rather than the low level of urban environmental management. Finally, this paper provides recommendations for the ineffective provinces and municipalities of the YREB to further optimize the input-output factors of environmental governance.
RNA molecular weight determinations by gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, a critical reexamination

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRNA molecular weight determinations by gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, a critical reexaminationHans Lehrach, Don Diamond, John M. Wozney, and Helga BoedtkerCite this: Biochemistry 1977, 16, 21, 4743–4751Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00640a033https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00640a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4104Altmetric-Citations2325LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spatial variations in temperature in a mountainous region of Jeju Island, South Korea

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to better understand the spatial variations in the daily average, maximum and minimum air temperatures on Jeju Island, South Korea, by interpolating between observed temperature data that are distributed across a mountainous region. This spatial interpolation was performed in two steps: filling in the ungauged station data using principal component regression, and then downscaling the station‐based data to obtain a spatially gridded data set using the Precipitation‐elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model. Whereas the conventional practice of interpolating data does not include filling in ungauged data, our approach is particularly useful because most ungauged data correspond to high‐elevation regions. Using the proposed approach, we were able to reasonably construct the spatial distribution of the temperatures on Jeju Island. Our trend analysis showed that the temperatures increased significantly in the summer and decreased in the winter. Furthermore, the positive temperature trends generally become larger at higher elevation when the average positive trends are significant in the summer.
Application of Furcellaran Nanocomposite Film as Packaging of Cheese

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There is a serious need to develop and test new biodegradable packaging which could at least partially replace petroleum-based materials. Therefore, the objective of this work was to examine the influence of the recently developed furcellaran nanocomposite film with silver nanoparticles (obtained by an in situ method) on the quality properties of two cheese varieties: a rennet-curd (gouda) and an acid-curd (quark) cheese. The water content, physicochemical properties, microbiological and organoleptic quality of cheese, and migration of silver nanoparticles were examined. Both the number of Lactococcus and total bacteria count did not differ during storage of gouda regardless of the packaging applied. The number of Lactococcus decreased in analogous quark samples. The use of the film slowed down and inhibited the growth of yeast in gouda and quark, respectively. An inhibitory effect of this film on mold count was also observed; however, only regarding gouda. The level of silver migration was found to be lower in quark than in gouda. The film improved the microbiological quality of cheeses during storage. Consequently, it is worth continuing research for the improvement of this film in order to enable its use in everyday life.
Young People and the Search for Inclusion and Political Participation in Guinea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Guinean youth, who constitute more than half of the country’s population, argue that for decades they have been infantilized and marginalized by elders and political elites. They contend this infantilization and marginalization has led to mistrust, as well as constant confrontation. Such confrontation involved elders and political elites, on the one hand, and youth, on the other hand. Some of those encounters lead to loss of lives. While in 2010 the new democratic dispensation ushered in hope and promises of change, it appears that very little has been achieved. There is the perception among the youth that the government is, in fact, entrenching the prevailing status quo. This article critically analyzes the voices and expressions of Guinea’s youth in their search for inclusion and participation in leadership, as well as the decision-making processes in their country. It also juxtaposes the views of youth against those of elders and political elites. Overall, it seems that the existing mistrust, fear, and doubt on the part of the youth may have negative implications for Guinea’s nascent democracy.
Design of a gravity balanced lower limb exoskeleton

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The goal of this project is to design and build a prototype of a gravity balanced lower limb exoskeleton to aid the user with walking difficulties with the use of springs. A good exoskeleton design can effectively remove the gravitational torque and weight of the leg that the user experiences. This will allow the user with weak muscles to find it easier to lift his/her leg. This project consists of a research phase in which similar systems have been examined to aid in determining a reasonable and sensible design approach and to establish appropriate design specifications. The two main phases are a design phase in which the prototype was design to meet the design requirements and a construction phase in which the prototype was assembled and tested. This report contains: -An overview of the objective, scope and problem statement of the project -An overview of the various studies related to the development of gravity balanced lower limb exoskeletons -A list of calculations used to determine the specifications of the exoskeleton -A detailed description of the prototype and explanation of the selection of the different components used in the product -Report on the performance of the prototype -Recommendations for future improvements to the product past the prototype phase.
Implementation of government plans and programme for the welfare of the tribal in Tripura Autonomus district council area

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Special grants are given to the States/UTs, under the first proviso to article 275(1) of the Constitution to meet the costs of projects for tribal development and for raising the level of administration of Scheduled Area therein on par with the rest of the State/UTs. Tripura is a tiny and hilly state in the North-East corner of India with an area of 10,491.65 sq.km of land. The total population of Tripura as per 2001 census was 31, 99,203 which has increased to 36, 71,032 as per 2011 census report, out of these 11,66,813 persons i.e. 31.8% of the total population of the state belong to tribal population as per 2011 census. Through a constitutional amendment in 1st April 1985, the TTAADC was brought under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution. The total land area of TTAADC is 7132.56 sq. Km and the total population is 12, 16,465 as per the 2005–06. The government plans and programme are implemented in TTAADC for the welfare of tribal population. As a result of implemented plans and programme the tribal population are mostly benefited.
Interleukin-1 regulation of collecting duct prostaglandin E2 and cyclic nucleotide accumulation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) causes a diuresis and natriuresis in experimental animals. The natriuresis is due, at least in part, to IL-1 stimulation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis by the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD), with resultant inhibition of Na(+)-K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase activity. It is unknown whether IL-1 affects other signal transduction systems in the IMCDs that regulate nephron sodium and water reabsorption. Furthermore, indirect evidence suggests that IL-1 inhibits sodium and water transport in other nephron segments. Consequently we examined (1) the effect of IL-1 on cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation by rat IMCD cells and (2) IL-1 stimulation of signal transduction mechanisms throughout the nephron. IL-1 had no affect on cGMP or arginine vasopressin-dependent (AVP-dependent) or isoproterenol-dependent cAMP accumulation in cultured rat IMCD cells. IL-1 increased PGE2 levels in rabbit IMCD, cortical collecting tubule (CCT), and to a lesser extent, medullary thick ascending limb cells, but had no effect on proximal tubule cells. IL-1 also did not alter AVP-dependent cAMP accumulation in the CCT. The failure of IL-1 to reduce AVP responsiveness in the CCT was not due to culture conditions, because AVP-dependent cAMP accumulation in freshly isolated CCT cells was also not affected by the cytokine but was inhibited by exogenous PGE2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Effect of First Feeding Exposure of Larval Largemouth Bass to a Formulated Soybean Meal-Based or Soy Saponin-Supplemented Diet on Fish Growth Performance and Gut Microbiome

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The negative effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) can be counteracted with the use of nutritional programming (NP). Nutritional programming is an early feeding event during larval or juvenile stages that can alter physiological responses of the fish later in their life. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of introducing diets containing SBM or soy saponin to larval Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides on growth performance and gut microbiome composition of the fish in their pre-adult stage.The study found that NP introduced with a formulated SBM diet or dietary saponin for 21 d during the larval stages did not improve SBM utilization and growth performance in the pre-adult age, which likely resulted from poor utilization of dry feeds in Largemouth Bass during first feeding. Our study also found that NP with an SBM diet or dietary saponin did not have any significant effects on the Largemouth Bass gut microbiome, and there did not seem to be any gut microbiome modification associated with NP. However, age-related changes in the gut microbiome were documented.
Treatment of aplastic anemia by marrow transplantation from HLA identical siblings. Prognostic factors associated with graft versus host disease and survival.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

73 consecutive patients with severe aplastic anemia were treated by marrow transplantation from hematologically normal HLA identical siblings. 68 patients lived long enough to document marrow engraftment. 21 rejected the graft and 19 of these died. 47 sustained engraftment and 18 of these died. In 16 patients, death was associated with graft versus host disease. 29 patients with sustained engraftment are alive with complete hematologic restoration between 8 mo and 5 yr. This analysis, by using a proportional hazards regression model, was directed at identifying factors that predicted survival (and absence of graft versus host disease). Of the 24 factors entered into the analysis only two strongly correlated with survival: (a) sex match of donor and recipient (P less than 0.01), and (b) absence of refractoriness to random donor platelets at the time of transplantation (P less than 0.05). Refractoriness adversely influenced the survival of the sex mismatched patients, These data suggest that X and Y-associated transplantation antigen systems are important determinants of the outcome of marrow grafts between HLA identical siblings for the treatment of aplastic anemia. The machanism by which refractoriness to random donor platelets influences survival is currently unclear.
PSXII-29 Effects of Enogen flint and dent corn versus Brazilian Flint on fermentation parameters and methane in vitro.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of corn hybrids alone (Enogen flint - EFC flint; Enogen dent - EFC dent and Brazilian Flint corn -FB) on in vitro fermentation parameters, DM disappearance, total gas production and methane in 24 hours. The animals used (two) and the rounds (two) were considered as blocks. Contrasts were used: Flint bras vs. Enogen (flint + dent) and EFC flint vs. EFC dent. The experiments were performed using automatic gas pressure detection modules (ANKOM, RF). Ruminal fluid was collected from two animals previously adapted to a diet containing 40% concentrate. The ruminal liquid was combined with buffer in a ratio of 1:4, respectively, and each bottle received 150 mL of this mixture with an additional 1.5 g of DM sample. The data were analyzed by Proc Mixed of SAS (9.4). The EFC (EFC flint + EFC dent) increased DM disappearance by 4.8%, improved fermentation efficiency and reduced methane production/gram of degraded DM (P=0.028), without affecting total gas production when compared to Flint bras corn. When comparing EFC flint vs. EFC dent, acetate increased (P&lt; 0.001) for EFC flint, without affecting propionate (P=0.170), showing a tendency to reduce the acetate:propionate ratio (P=0.077) for EFC dent, EFC dent effectively increased DM disappearance (P=0.005), without affecting total gas production and methane concentration. Enogen technology is capable of making ruminal fermentation more efficient, reducing methane concentration and increasing dry matter degradation when compared to Brazilian flint corn, with greater similarities between Enogen flint and Enogen dent.
Phosphopeptide Selective Coordination Complexes as Promising Src Homology 2 Domain Mimetics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Src Homology 2 (SH2) domains are the paradigm of phosphotyrosine (pY) protein recognition modules and mediate numerous cancer-promoting protein-protein complexes. Effective SH2 domain mimicry with pY-binding coordination complexes offers a promising route to new and selective disruptors of pY-mediated protein-protein interactions. We herein report the synthesis and in vitro characterization of a library of coordination complex SH2 domain proteomimetics. Compounds were designed to interact with phosphopeptides via a two-point interaction, principally with pY, and to make secondary interactions with pY+2/3, thereby achieving sequence-selective discrimination. Here, we report that lead mimetics demonstrated high target phosphopeptide affinity (K(a) ∼ 10(7) M(-1)) and selectivity. In addition, biological screening in various tumor cells for anticancer effects showed a high degree of variability in cytotoxicity among receptors, which supported the proposed two-point binding mode. Several receptors potently disrupted cancer cell viability in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia cell lines.
Global amount of dust in the universe

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is pointed out that the total amount of dust in the Universe that is produced in stellar evolution in the entire cosmic time is consistent with the observed amount, if we add to the dust amount inferred for galactic discs the amount recently uncovered in galactic haloes and the surrounding of galaxies in reddening of the quasar light passing through the vicinity of galaxies. The inventory concerning the dust closes. This implies that dust produced from stars should survive effectively for the cosmic time, and that a substantial amount of dust is produced in the burning phase of evolved stars of intermedaite mass.
Improvements of the Maximum Pseudo-Likelihood Estimators in Various Spatial Statistical Models

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Maximum pseudo-likelihood estimation has hitherto been viewed as a practical but flawed alternative to maximum likelihood estimation, necessary because the maximum likelihood estimator is too hard to compute, but flawed because of its inefficiency when the spatial interactions are strong. We demonstrate that a single Newton-Raphson step starting from the maximum pseudo-likelihood estimator produces an estimator which is close to the maximum likelihood estimator in terms of its actual value, attained likelihood, and efficiency, even in the presence of strong interactions. This hybrid technique greatly increases the practical applicability of pseudo-likelihood-based estimation. Additionally, in the case of the spatial point processes, we propose a proper maximum pseudo-likelihood estimator which is different from the conventional one. The proper maximum pseudo-likelihood estimator clearly shows better performance than the conventional one does when the spatial interactions are strong.
Normatividad mexicana a la validación de métodos analíticos para cuantificar fármacos en matriz biológica. Ejemplo aplicativo: cuantificación de lamotrigina en plasma humano vía CLAR

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Standardization organizations of different natures indicate how to obtain documented experimental evidence that certifies the validity of analytical methods to quantify drugs in the biological matrix for bioequivalence studies. The vast amount of information on this subject highlights its relevance in uniforming the procedures to achieve the desired objective, which can be applied by any laboratory that requires it. However, to avoid discrepancies in the interpretation and / or execution of the various forms of analytical performance evaluation by the authority concerning the international information provided, local regulations are issued as mandatory, highlighting critical situations with discriminatory criteria. This paper presents the minimum analytical performance characteristics and the acceptance criteria required (according to Mexican regulations) to demonstrate that an analytical method is valid to quantify drugs in a biological matrix by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) for a research study at a graduate-level educational institution. It is emphasized that the analytical parameters to be met under this standard consider the specific aspects of the technique and biological sample. For this purpose, a method developed and validated by our research group is used as an example for studying the biological sample. For this purpose, a method developed and validated by our research group to quantify lamotrigine in human plasma for monitoring purposes is used as an example. The performance characteristics of the NOM-177-SSA-2013 applied to the validation of the developed method demonstrate the validity and application of the method for the desired objective.
Study of relation between vascular endothelial growth factor gene +936C/T polymorphism and non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To discuss the association between vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) gene +936C/T polymorphism and the clinical characteristics of non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL).Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) was used to detect VEGF+936C/T genotypes in NHL patients and unrelated healthy controls;NHL patients were divied to T-cell type and B-cell type,Ⅰ,Ⅱstaging and Ⅲ,Ⅳstaging,bone marrow infiltration group and non-bone marrow infiltration group.The genotype distribution and allelic frequencie of the whole subgroup of NHL patients were detected.Results There was no significant difference in the frequency of VEGF +936C/T genotype between NHL patients and healthy controls(P0.05).+936TT genetype was lower in patients than in B-cell patients(2.0% vs 7.1%,P0.05);the TT genotypes of +936C/T were more incidence in patients with B cell.+936TT genetype was lower in Ⅲ,Ⅳ staging than in Ⅰ,Ⅱ staging(3.4% vs 8.3%,P0.05);+936 T allele was lower in Ⅲ,Ⅳ staging than in Ⅰ,Ⅱ staging(17.1% vs 22.7%,P0.05);holding +936TT genetype and T allele was associated with lower clinical staging in NHL patients.The frequency of TT genetype in bone marrow infiltration group was lower than in nonbone marrow infiltration group(2.2% vs 6.7%,P0.05).Patients with TT genetype may be asscociated with decrease bone marrow infiltration.Conclusion Determination of VEGF+936C/T genetype may be used as a stratification marker to predicate high-risk individuals for NHL.