jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Psychometric Properties of Instruments Used to Assess Anxiety in Older Adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

With the growing number of older adults in the general population, there is also a concomitant rise in the number of older adults who require mental health services, making the measurement of psychological conditions in later life a priority. However, due to a lack of measures created for older adults, researchers and clinicians must often rely on measures created for younger populations. Three studies were designed to add to the field of evidence-based assessment and determine which anxiety measures possess strong evidence when used with older adults to warrant their use with this specific population. In the first study, I systematically reviewed the literature to identify the anxiety measures most commonly used with older adults. I reviewed each measure to examine its psychometric properties (e.g., internal consistency, test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, concurrent and discriminant validity) and the availability of age-appropriate norms in order to evaluate whether the instruments are appropriate for use with older adults. In the second study, I conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis to estimate the mean reliability of each commonly used anxiety measure identified in the first study. Finally, in the third study, I examined whether the anxiety measures commonly used with an older population can be consistently and accurately categorized as evidence-based. The literature review and the reliability generalization study both revealed that most of the most commonly used measures lacked sufficient evidence to warrant their use with older adults. However, three measures (Beck Anxiety Inventory, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and Geriatric Mental Status Examination) showed psychometric properties sufficient to justify the use of these instruments when assessing anxiety in older adults. In addition, two measures developed specifically for older adults (Worry Scale and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory) were also found to be appropriate for use with older adults. This suggests that based on their overall level of reliability and previous psychometric evidence, both researchers and clinicians assessing anxiety in a geriatric population should consider these measures as likely to be the best currently available.
Community-Based Seroepidemiology of Tetanus in Three Selected Provinces in Turkey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to assess immunity levels against tetanus in the areas of 26 health centers in Samsun, Antalya, and Diyarbakir in Turkey in 2000 - 2001. The study group consisted of 2,465 healthy subjects aged 6 months old or above, randomly selected from each age group in the area. Of these, a total of 2,094 (85.0%) serum samples were assayed for tetanus antibody; 716 were from Antalya, 706 were from Diyarbakir, and 672 were from Samsun. The surveys were implemented in three steps: physical examination, interview, and blood collection. ELISA-in-house was used as a screening procedure and a particle agglutination test was used to reassess antibody titers of 1.0 IU/ml or below. It was revealed that 73.5% subjects had the full protection level (>/=0.1 IU/ml) of antibody in Antalya, 59.9% in Diyarbakir, and 75.0% in Samsun, indicating that protection against tetanus was significantly lower in Diyarbakir than in Antalya and Samsun. The results also showed that the percentage of protective levels decreased with increasing age in three provinces and was higher in rural areas than urban areas in Diyarbakir. The study indicates that the immunity levels against tetanus can be considered as satisfactory among children and adolescents but that it is necessary to increase immunity against tetanus among adults through effective vaccination of pregnant women and those in military service and also among people older than 40 years of age.
Club Brugge vs FC Porto live broadcast free Football

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Club Brugge is going head to head with FC Porto starting on 26 Oct 2022 at 16:45 UTC at Jan Breydel Stadium stadium, Bruges city, Belgium. The match is a part of the UEFA Champions League, Group B.\n\nwatch - Club Brugge vs FC Porto\n\nClub Brugge played against FC Porto in 1 matches this season. Currently, Club Brugge rank 1st, while FC Porto hold 2nd position. Looking to compare the best-rated player on both teams? Sofascore's rating system assigns each player a specific rating based on numerous data factors.
Viewing the nanoworld in infrared/THz light

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Near-field techniques have overcome the diffraction limit that plagues classical light microscopy. Liberated from this century-long constraint the power of infrared/THz spectroscopy can now be unleashed for material inspection at virtually unlimited spatial resolution. In the competition with electron and atomic-force microscopes infrared/THz nanoscopy has the distinct, valuable advantage of rich spectral contrasts that originate from and thus reveal chemical composition (molecular vibration), structural status (phonons), and conductivity (ions, electrons, and correlated charge carriers).
[Therapeutically induced immunodeficiency].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Therapeutically induced immundefects principally can be the result of pathophysiological influences on autoimmune diseases by immunomodulation on the one hand or loss of resistance against bacteria, fungi or viruses as a consequence of immunomodulation on the other hand. Further complications such as increasing incidence of neoplasms after long-term therapy, hypersensitivity reactions, especially damage of bone marrow, can be recognised after application of many different drugs. The immunesuppressive drugs are discussed in detail.
The Attenuation of Female Empowerment among Three Pentecostal-Charismatic Chinese Churches in Malaysia and Singapore

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Among all branches of Christianity, female empowerment has been valorized in Pentecostalism. However, questions remain regarding the extent of empowerment in its egalitarian ethos. This article examines some historical and sociological aspects of pentecostal-charismatic female power and leadership among three Chinese majority churches in Malaysia and Singapore. It does so by a participant-observation methodology of these churches and in-depth interviews of church and lay leaders to enquire into the degree in which women are (dis)empowered for ministry. It concludes that specific practices and traits of Pentecostalism such as the charismata, prayer and worship, and church female leadership are configured in response to contextual sociocultural influences to produce a Christian/pentecostal woman that is both modern yet distinctly Chinese but attenuated within a Confucian family logic.
Domino Dehydrative π‐Extension: A Facile Path to Extended Perylenes and Terrylenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Herein, we report a new method for synthesis of extended perylenes and terrylenes. The technique is based on the cascade dehydrative π‐extensions (DPEX) of aryl aldehydes, in which stepwise annulations activate previously “dormant” substituents. Two‐ and fourfold cyclizations of 3‐aryl‐biphenyl‐2,2′‐dicarbaldehydes offer a rapid path to unsymmetrical perylenes and elusive terrylene derivatives, respectively. DPEX of 3,3′′‐(phenanthrene‐1,8‐diyl)bis (([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2,2′‐dicarbaldehyde)) leads to the biradical structure, which proceeds in situ into oxidative electrocyclization at room temperature. The described domino process complements and expands DPEX approach to a large family of fused acenes and related PAHs.
Psychotherapy Supervision: An Invitational, Clarifying, Educational, Empowering, and Transparent (ICEE-T) Written Agreement

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The authors make the case for using a written instead of a spoken supervision agreement at supervision's outset in order to provide clarity and education about supervision, supply an accessible document that supervisees can readily reference, sidestep memory issues that negatively affect the supervision process, and enable dyadic collaboration that sets an immediate positive tone for supervision. The invitational, clarifying, educational, empowering, and transparent (ICEE-T) supervision agreement approach is described, with emphasis on the essential elements to put in place at the outset of supervision. A written agreement, which is valuable at any supervisee developmental stage, can be invaluable when working with novice supervisees (e.g., because of the anxieties and self-doubt of first-time supervisees) and is explored with that group foremost in mind.
Clinical effects of TCM on the Prevention And Treatment of Primary Osteoporosis in the city community

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To object the clinical effects of TCM on the treatment of primary osteoporosis.Method:According to the diagno-sis,98 patients with Primary Osteoporosis were divided into A group(bone mass loss) or B group(Osteoporosis).Next,whether taking medicine or not,A or B groups were divided A1 and B1 or A2 and B2.A2,B2 are taking Bushenzhuanggufang.And then the effects were compared with between the treatment group and the control group.Result:The treatment group(A2,B2) effects are better than the corresponding control group.Conclusion:Bushenzhuanggufang have a good effect in the treatment of primary osteoporosis.
Purging the lingering shadow of colonialism? Zimbabwe's Third Chimurenga and the struggle over school names

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purging the lingering shadow of colonialism? Zimbabwe's Third Chimurenga and the struggle over school names by Clement Masakure, senior lecturer and head of the Department of History at the University of the Free State, together with Lotti Nkomo, a postdoctoral fellow with the International Studies Group at the University of the Free State.
Archaism as Cultural Distinction: Woodblock book publishing during the Mao Era 1949-1976

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This PhD thesis examines woodblock book publishing during the radical years of Mao’s life time, when thread-bound books were criticised as representing the symbol of the old literati culture by the CCP government. This very political authority paradoxically subsidised and encouraged the publication of thirteen fine woodblock books, including the unique woodblock edition of The Communist Manifesto. Using vast amount of both unpublished and published archival materials and personal interviews, this project analyses the production, dissemination and the circulating culture of woodblock publications during the Mao Era 1949–1976. It argues that archaism, as an essential feature of elite book culture, continued into the PRC through woodblock publishing practices and began to function as a type of distinction for the CCP elite group. Classic theories of both the history of woodblock publishing and archaism see 1949 as the watershed, after which both cultural practices were discouraged by the CCP political authority. This thesis provides a new perspective in studying the continuity of Chinese book culture, amends details in woodblock production in a modern era, and discloses the complex relations between archaism and the CCP ideology as a cultural system. All these will fill the gap in research on the history of woodblock books and technology, contributing new approaches and new materials of Maoist book culture to Chinese studies as a whole.
Dexamethasone and bacterial meningitis in Pakistan.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to assess, in a developing country setting, the effect of dexamethasone therapy on bacterial meningitis outcomes. A prospective double blind placebo controlled trial was conducted in 89 children aged from 2 months to 12 years suffering from bacterial meningitis. Neurological, developmental, and hearing assessments were conducted at one, four, and 12 months after discharge. Forty eight patients received dexamethasone and 41 placebo. Initial antimicrobial drugs used were ampicillin and chloramphenicol. For all patients at the time of admission the mean duration of illness was 5.7 days; 47% had had seizures and 56% had impaired consciousness. Seventeen of 89 (19%) patients died. The mortality for the dexamethasone group was 25% as compared with 12% in the group receiving placebo. Presentation to the hospital after four days of symptoms and with impaired conscious state were independent predictors of death. Of the dexamethasone group survivors, 26.5% had neurological sequelae and 42.3% had hearing impairment, whereas in the placebo group it was 24% and 30% respectively. Altered state of consciousness was a predictor of neurological sequelae. The presence of neurological sequelae and high cerebrospinal fluid protein independently predicted hearing loss. No beneficial effect of dexamethasone was observed on morbidity or mortality of this group of patients with bacterial meningitis. Dexamethasone is therefore not useful in developing countries as adjunctive treatment in patients seriously ill with bacterial meningitis, who present late for treatment and have been partially treated.
Integration of microdiffractive lens with continuous relief with vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using focused ion beam direct milling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel one-step integration of bottom-emitting vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) (operation wavelength of 980 nm) with microdiffractive lens by means of focused ion beam (FIB) technology is described. A diffractive lens with continuous relief, diameter of 140 μm, and six annulus was designed and fabricated using FIB direct milling on the backside of VCSEL with GaAs substrate for beam collimation. The divergence angle (half angle) of the VCSEL was reduced from 12/spl deg/ before integration of the VCSEL/diffractive optical elements (DOEs) to 0.6/spl deg/ after FIB integration, allowing for an interconnect length of /spl sim/4 mm. It was proven by device testing that there is little influence upon the VCSEL performance after FIB processing.
Fuzzy reasoning method for smooth interpolation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper describes a fuzzy reasoning method whose result belongs to the C/sup 1/ class. The proposed fuzzy reasoning method refers to interpolation by man. We suppose that humans consider two directions while interpolating. A direction of fluctuation at a given point is one, and a direction toward neighboring data is the other. Both directions are reflected in the consequent part of the fuzzy rule. It is not necessary to give them as knowledge, these are only decided as given data pairs. Even if new data is given, if is not necessary to increase a rule. The reasoning result can correspond to new data without increasing a rule. The effectiveness of the present method as verified by applications to practical data and by computer simulations.
Sex- and Age-Related Morphological Characteristics of European Elk (Alces alces) Pelves

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

There is no data in the literature concerning the frequency of birthing difficulties in the elk cow. This study aims to describe the pelves of elk cows and adult bulls. The measurements of an elk pelvis depend on living conditions rather than age. The dimensions of primiparous pelves are more homogeneous than those of pluriparous cows because heifers have to reach a certain weight prior to successful conception. The elk pelvis has a rather slim shape; the cavum pelvis is deep, oval lengthwise in the median plane, and narrows in the caudal direction. Primiparous and pluriparous cows were significantly different regarding the following measurements: the lengths of the diameter conjugata, the diameter transversa and the caudal transverse and the area of the aperturae pelvis. The pelvic cavity of bulls is longer and narrower in comparison with that of cows, and the areas of the pelvic apertures are smaller. A rapid delivery of the foetus is facilitated by the following factors: a uniform diameter and an appropriate angle of inclination of the bony birth canal, relative mobility of the articulatio sacroiliaca, a concave pelvic surface of the os sacrum, a slow ossification of the symphysis pelvina and the degeneration of the tuberculum pubicum dorsale. In order to differentiate between elks pelves by sex and age, the measurements of the aperturae pelvis and their ratios, the surface area of the symphysis pelvina and the pecten ossis pubis, and the position of the eminentiae iliopubicae and os interischiadicum should be recorded and analysed.
In Search of the Glass Ceiling: Gender and Earnings Growth among U.S. College Graduates in the 1990S

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Gender-typical educational choices and the “glass ceiling” are widely believed to explain why older women earn far less than observably similar men. Using large panels drawn from the National Science Foundation's (NSF) National Survey of College Graduates and other data representative of U.S. college graduates from the 1990s, the author documents the small role of personal choices and finds evidence contrary to the predictions of both human capital and discrimination models. Rather than the differential wage growth rates predicted by these models, she finds similar average rates of earnings growth for women and men across numerous specifications, which suggests that the gender gap in earnings is determined by factors already present early in the career. Her findings reveal slower earnings growth in only two subsets of women: young mothers, who experience slower earnings growth during the early career relative to men the same age, but then compensate with faster growth later in their careers; and women with exceptionally high earnings levels. The latter are underrepresented among workers winning the largest promotions, when compared to similarly successful men the same age, and face a glass ceiling at the very top of the career ladder.
The adaptation of KMV model in measuring sovereign debt default / Siti Mahani Isman, Nazihah Misman and Nur Faiqah Mohd Ngasri

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Sovereign debt default can be defined as the failure of a government of a country to make repayment on its debt. KMV model was used in firms as a subject to measured it's default risk and less used on countries. The aim of this study is to adapt the KMV model into the case of predicting default risk of sovereign debt. In addition, the effect of sovereign debt default to the gross domestic product (GDP) of a country is identified where the sovereign debt default is not significantly related to the GDP of a country. Since the ability of KMV model is uncertain, therefore it is tested by comparing the probability of default (PD) between Malaysia and Greece This model measures the default risk of both countries based on the value of the financial statement of assets and liabilities from the years 2006 to 2017. From the result, it is found that Malaysia has a lower default risk than Greece. KMV model is found able to predict the default risk during world financial crisis. This study helps researcher, analyst, investor and policy maker to make decision involving the sovereign debt cases.
The Infant's Auditory World: Hearing, Speech, and the Beginnings of Language

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The focus of this chapter is on how infants perceive, process, and learn from their auditory environments. We focus on mechanism of hearing, speech perception, and early language learning, with the goal of elucidating recent progress in this field and its historical context. The literature reviewed includes studies of hearing development in young infants, the beginnings of speech perception and tuning to the native language, word segmentation, word learning, phonological acquisition, and the early stages of language acquisition. Throughout, we focus on current controversies along with theoretical and methodological innovations.

Keywords:

hearing;
infants;
language;
speech;
words
Facebook Use between College Resident Advisors' and Their Residents: A Mixed Methods Approach.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Facebook use is nearly ubiquitous among college students. Studies have shown links between Facebook displays of depression or problem drinking and risk of these problems. This project aimed to determine whether Facebook could be used to help Resident Advisors (RAs) identify college students at risk for depression or problem drinking. Interviews were conducted with college freshmen to investigate whether they were Facebook "friends" with their RA. Focus groups were conducted with RAs to determine their views on Facebook friending their dormitory residents and using Facebook to help identify at-risk students. 72 freshmen were interviewed and 25 RAs participated in focus groups; both agreed it is common for RAs and residents to be Facebook friends. RAs commonly noted references to depression and problem drinking on residents' Facebook pages, which often led to in-person discussions with the resident. This study provides support that RAs use Facebook to identify issues that may impact their student residents. RAs emphasized benefits of in-person interactions in order to provide support and obtain additional details about the situation. Universities could consider whether providing RA education about Facebook interactions with residents merits encouragement within their existing RA training programs.
Women’s Autonomy, Relatedness and Competence: A Comparison of Engineering Programs in Two Different Cultures

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Despite the extensive efforts made, women remain dramatically underrepresented in engineering fields. Over the years, an enormous amount of research attempted to understand the recruitment and retention of women in engineering. Retention issues include the "leak in the pipeline" phenomenon that refers to women leaving either their academic programs or engineering jobs. Self Determination Theory (SDT) demonstrates that autonomy-relatedness and competence are essential psychological aspects that, when met, facilitate learning, motivation, and persistence. This work aims to understand if culture influences female students' levels of autonomy, relatedness, and competence to the extent that could increase the number of women in engineering fields. Several studies have focused on the relationship between culture and education to develop methods to strengthen learners' educational level and motivation. This study presents the comparison of two land-grant institutions offering Engineering degrees. Both institutions are similar in size and academic offering in their Engineering Colleges while keeping different cultures. One institution is located in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, and the other one is a Hispanic Serving Institution in the Caribbean. The differences in culture among institutions were evaluated and compared with the number of female students in engineering majors and their reported autonomy, relatedness, and competence levels. The ultimate goal of this research work is to understand how culture influences the number of females in engineering fields.