jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Decision-Case Mix Model for Analyzing Variation in Cesarean Rates

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article contributes a decision-case mix model for analyzing variation in c-section rates. Like recent contributions to the literature, the model systematically takes into account the effect of case mix. Going beyond past research, the model highlights differences in physician decision making in response to obstetric factors. Distinguishing the effects of physician decision making and case mix is important in understanding why c-section rates vary and in developing programs to effect change in physician behavior. The model was applied to a sample of deliveries at a hospital where physicians exhibited considerable variation in their c-section rates. Comparing groups with a low versus high rate, the authors’ general conclusion is that the difference in physician decision tendencies (to perform a c-section), in response to specific obstetric factors, is at least as important as case mix in explaining variation in c-section rates. The exact effects of decision making versus case mix depend on how the model application defines the obstetric condition of interest and on the weighting of deliveries by their estimated “risk of Cesarean.” The general conclusion is supported by an additional analysis that uses the model’s elements to predict individual physicians’ annual c-section rates.
An X-ray film powder profile refinement of the crystal structure of Ta5P3

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The crystal structure of Ta5P3 has been refined from Guinier–Hägg X-ray powder film data [Malmros & Thomas (1977). J. Appl. Cryst. 10, 7–11] using positional parameters from its structural isomorph Nb5P3 as starting values. The space group is orthorhombic Pnma (No. 62), with refined cell parameters a = 25.3210 (4), b = 3.4013 (1), c = 11.4614 (2) Å, V = 987.12 (5) Å3 and Z = 4. Final R = 4.9% [comparable with the R(F) of single-crystal work]. The structure exhibits the triangular prismatic Ta coordination about the P atoms and the dense packing of the Ta atoms, both familiar in many metal-rich phases formed between transition metals and non-metals of type P, As, S and Se.
Co-Designing a Citizen Science Program for Malaria Control in Rwanda

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Good health and human wellbeing is one of the sustainable development goals. To achieve this goal, many efforts are required to control infectious diseases including malaria which remains a major public health concern in Rwanda. Surveillance of mosquitoes is critical to control the disease, but surveillance rarely includes the participation of citizens. A citizen science approach (CSA) has been applied for mosquito surveillance in developed countries, but it is unknown whether it is feasible in rural African contexts. In this paper, the technical and social components of such a program are described. Participatory design workshops were conducted in Ruhuha, Rwanda. Community members can decide on the technical tools for collecting and reporting mosquito species, mosquito nuisance, and confirmed malaria cases. Community members set up a social structure to gather observations by nominating representatives to collect the reports and send them to the researchers. These results demonstrate that co-designing a citizen science program (CSP) with citizens allows for decision on what to use in reporting observations. The decisions that the citizens took demonstrated that they have context-specific knowledge and skills, and showed that implementing a CSP in a rural area is feasible.
Alfalfa Hay Grown with Municipal Waste Water and Pump Water

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The influence of municipal waste water on the growth and yield of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) was studied in field experiments near Buckeye, Ariz., in 1974 and 1975. The crop was planted in October of each year at a seeding rate of 22.4 kg/ha (20 lb/acre). Approximately 150 cm (60 in) of irrigation water were applied in flood irrigations each year. The response of alfalfa to two irrigation treatments: (i) pump water from local wells (control) and (ii) municipal waste water from Phoenix and pump water in a 50:50 mixture was compared by sampling the first harvest in selected fields. The hay was harvested when 10% of the alfalfa stems had one or more flowers. Alfalfa irrigated with the waste‐water and pump‐water mixture produced taller plants and higher yields of hay than did alfalfa grown with pump water alone. Total protein in the hay and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of the hay was the same for alfalfa grown with both sources of irrigation water. When municipal waste water was mixed with pump water high in total soluble salts, the salt content of the mixture was reduced and the quality of the irrigation water was improved. The higher hay yields obtained when alfalfa was irrigated with the waste‐water and pump‐water mixture than when grown with pump water alone probably resulted from lower concentrations of soluble salts in the water mixture than in the pump water.
Early Ballet in the United States: The Importance of Florence Rogge, Choreographer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Radio City Music Hall, the first building completed in the complex known as Rockefeller City, premiered its inaugural performance on December 27, 1932. The initial vision of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. was to build the Hall into a center that showcased the accomplishments of American innovation through advanced engineering, art, and culture. The Hall represented newness. During the worst years of the Great Depression, newness represented optimism and hope for a better economic future for the country. An integral component included in all stage shows at the Music Hall was the Radio City Music Hall Ballet Company. Florence Rogge, the Artistic Director and Choreographer of the company, presented innovation that served to further propel Rockefeller's initial vision by uplifting the people through fantasy, performing arts, and entertainment. Ballet also represented newness in the United States. Rogge successfully introduced and shaped a new aesthetic of ballet for American audiences, who were unfamiliar with ballet. The focus of this thesis is to examine the progression of early ballet in the United States. In order to understand the importance of Florence Rogge's contributions to ballet, an analysis includes archival research and the oral histories of five members of the Radio City Music Hall Ballet Company from 1944-1958.
Supplementary Tables from Clinicopathological and Functional Significance of RECQL1 Helicase in Sporadic Breast Cancers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Table S1: Clinicopathological characteristics in the METABRIC cohort Supplementary Table S2: Clinicopathological characteristics of Nottingham Tenovus series Supplemental Table S3: Clinicopathological characteristics of ER- cohort Supplemental Table S4: Clinicopathological characteristics of BRCA germ-line deficient cohort Supplementary Table S5: Antigens, primary antibodies, clone, source, optimal dilution and scoring system used for each immunohistochemical marker Supplementary Table S6. RecQL1 mRNA expression and breast cancer. Supplementary Table S7. RECQL1 protein levels and ER+ breast cancers. Supplementary Table S8. RECQL1 protein levels and ER- breast cancers.</p>
A compensation method for blind pixels of infrared focal plane array

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As influenced by environment, deterioration of material, while using infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) device, new blind pixels will appear inevitably The blind pixels can badly reduce the image quality. If there is no condition for precise detection and compensation afresh, a on-line method for blind pixels capture and compensation is introduced. The method has acquired well effect in actual work while using IRFPA device.
Organ Transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

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Progressive central nervous system metastases in responder patients for outside central nervous system metastases on trastuzumab-based therapy--report of two cases of refractory breast cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report two cases of central nervous system (CNS) metastases during systemic response to trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy for refractory breast cancer. The patients responded to trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy. During combination treatment, the patients developed cerebellar metastases. A follow-up computed tomography scan revealed that their diseases continued to respond outside the CNS. These cases suggest that the failure of trastuzumab to cross the blood-brain barrier may compromise its overall effectiveness and raises the possibility that CNS metastasis may become clinically more significant in patients receiving antibody-based therapies, including patients responding to therapy outside the CNS. Additionally, repeated stereotactic radiosurgery as gammaknife combination therapy synchronously with systematic trastuzumab-based therapy was useful for the treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma.
Breaching Bacterial Biofilm Barriers: Efficient Combinatorial Theranostics for Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Biofilms with a Novel Penetration-Enhanced AIEgen Probe

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The formation of microbial biofilms is acknowledged as a major virulence factor in a range of persistent local infections. Failures to remove biofilms with antibiotics foster the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and result in chronic infections. As a result, the construction of effective biofilm-inhibiting and biofilm-eradicating chemicals is urgently required. Herein, we designed a water-soluble probe APDIS for membrane-active fluorescence and broad-spectrum antimicrobial actions, particularly against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which shows multidrug resistance. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate its high antibacterial effects comparable to vancomycin. Furthermore, it inhibits biofilm formation by effectively killing planktonic bacteria at low inhibitory concentrations, without toxicity to mammalian cells. More importantly, this probe can efficiently penetrate through biofilm barriers and exterminate bacteria that are enclosed within biofilms and startle existing biofilms. In the mouse model of implant-related biofilm infections, this probe exhibits strong antibiofilm activity against MRSA biofilms, thus providing a novel theranostic strategy to disrupt biofilms in vivo effectively. Our results indicate that this probe has the potential to be used for the development of a combinatorial theranostic platform with synergistic enhanced effects for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections and antibiofilm medications.
Educational Intervention on effects\' Peers Knowledge and Behaviors of Students with Diabetes Type I

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives: Regarding the important role of peers in health behaviors of adolescents suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes, this study aimed to assess the effects of an educational program on the knowledge and behaviors of the peers of students with Type 1 diabetes in Shahre kord in 2012. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 64 students were randomly assigned to the experiment and control groups. Data were measured using the knowledge questionnaire (14 knowledge questions and six demographic questions) and the 8-item behavior scale at baseline and one month after the intervention. The Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficients were calculated for the knowledge questions (0.82), and the behavior items (0.76). Data were analyzed using the t-test, and the Chi-squared test with a confidence level of 95%. Results: The mean scores of the knowledge and behavior scales did not differ significantly after the intervention in the control group. After the intervention, the mean scores of the knowledge and behavior scales were increased in the experimental group (p<0.001). There were no relationships between the educational levels of parents with the knowledge and behavior. There was a significant positive correlation between the knowledge and behaviors of the students (r=0.65). Conclusion: Given the positive effects of peer education, peers training programs are recommended to be implemented in schools.
FAILURE TO ANTAGONIZE THE ACTION OF ŒSTRADIOL ON THE CORPUS LUTEUM BY PROGESTERONE OR TESTOSTERONE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Experiments were made to determine whether the action of cestradiol in maintaining the luteal function in hypophysectomized rabbits can be antagonized by progesterone or by testosterone propionate. The luteal function was maintained when pseudo‐pregnant rabbits were hypophysectomized and then received (1) 1·0 µg. of oestradiol per day, or (2) 1·0 µg. of oestradiol and 10 mg. of progesterone per day, or (3) 1·0 µg. of oestradiol and 10 mg. of testosterone propionate per day. The luteal function was not maintained in pseudo‐pregnant hypophysectomlized animals receiving 10 mug. of progesterone or 10 ieg. of testosterone propionate per day. It is concluded that the action of oestradiol on the corpus luteum is not antagonized by progesterone or by testosterone propionate. The expenses of this investigation were defrayed by a grant from the Medical Research Council.
TREATMENT OF COMPOSITION FRACTURES OF THE FEMOR IN CHILDREN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The paper presents an algorithm for the treatment of comminuted fractures of the femoral shaft with an external fixation device. For treatment, a hybrid (wire-rod) apparatus for external fixation was used using the knots developed by the authors. A clinical example of the use of such a device is analyzed in detail. An analysis of the advantages of the approach to the treatment of fractures of the femoral shaft with a hybrid external fixation device is presented.
The Lady in the Van and the challenge of Psycho: On the political uses of psychoanalytic imagery in film

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the strikingly similar use of psychoanalytic imagery in the films Psycho and The Lady in the Van. The paper argues that the latter film is a deconstruction of the formerâs political aims. Where Psycho uses psychoanalytic imagery to warn of the danger that strong female autonomy poses to normal psychic development, The Lady in the Van uses the same tropes to expose the mendaciousness of such thinking. The paper concludes by demonstrating how Psycho represents a counter challenge to the political pretensions of The Lady in the Van. Bennettâs film is on the face of it a critique of middle class attitudes to homelessness. However, this paper demonstrates that by offering a psychological explanation for Miss Shepherdâs alterity, The Lady in the Van mimics the psychiatrists detailed diagnosis of Norman Batesâs perversion at the end of Psycho. This is argued to be problematic because the repeated explanation of the alterity of the strong voice of the mother reduces the uniqueness of the character to a symptom rather than an expression of autonomy. Ultimately the paper makes a case for the cultural significance of these films for exploring the political use of psychoanalysis to promote different social ends.
Obesity: The role of desynchronosis and genetic factors in mechanisms of its development

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article highlights the role of desynchronosis and certain genetic factors in the development of obesity. Some pathogenetic links of obesity and the influence of melatonin on them are analyzed.Desynchronosis is one of the causes of obesity as a result of dysregulatory changes in the chronoperiodic system – between suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus and secretory activity of the pineal gland.In obesity there are some changes in circadian patterns of important physiological parameters. These include acrophases of blood pressure; rhythm of hormone secretion, including insulin; electrolytes; sleep-wake cycle displaced for a period of a day, which is a deviation from the normal course. Phase discrepancies of established circadian oscillations of physiological processes arise. Preconditions of fat metabolism imbalance, particularly visfatin, apelin and vaspin – components of atherosclerotic lesions, gradually emerge.There is abundant evidence for close relationships between metabolism and circadian mechanisms. It is proved, that there is a strong direct impact of endogenous circadian rhythms on the metabolic pathways that do not depend on food intake or sleep. A potential low molecular weight of biomarkers of human circadian phases has been identified. A number of key metabolic enzymes in tissues such as the liver, adipose tissue or the pancreas are chronodependent. Desynchronosis phenomena caused by genetic or environmental factors can lead to serious metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.Genesis of pineal removal-induced insulin resistance and reduced glucose tolerance in cells is related to the consequences of melatonin absence, which leads to abnormalities in insulin signaling pathways and reduced GLUT4 gene expression and protein content.Insulin-sensitive tissues (white and brown adipose tissue, skeletal and heart muscles) after pineal removal are characterized by a significant reduction of GLUT4 mRNA and the content of microsomal and membrane proteins, which are compensated during treatment by melatonin. Functional synergy exists between melatonin and insulin. Melatonin is able through the membrane receptors MT1 to cause rapid tyrosine phosphorylation, activate tyrosine kinase of beta subunits of insulin receptors and mobilize several intracellular stages of insulin-signaling pathway transduction.Thus, the protective effect of melatonin in cases of disturbance to the carbohydrate metabolism is manifested in the formation of circadian periodicity by modulating the expression of time genes.
Adverse Effects of a Clinically Relevant Dose of Hydroxyurea Used for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease on Male Fertility Endpoints

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Two experiments were conducted to determine: 1) whether the adult male transgenic sickle cell mouse (Tg58 × Tg98; TSCM), exhibits the patterns of reproductive endpoints (hypogonadism) characteristic of men with sickle cell disease (SCD) and 2) whether hydroxyurea (HU) exacerbates this condition. In Experiment 1, blood samples were collected from adult age-matched TSCM and ICR mice (ICRM) (N = 10/group) for plasma testosterone measurements. Subsequently, mice were sacrificed, testes excised and weighed and stored spermatozoa recovered for the determination of sperm density, progressive motility and percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology. In experiment 2, adult male TSCM were orally treated with 25 mg HU/kg body weight/day for 28 or 56 days. Control mice received the vehicle for HU (saline) as described above. At the end of the treatment periods, blood samples were collected for quantification of circulating testosterone. Subsequently, mice were sacrificed, testes and epididymides were recovered and weighed and one testis per mouse was subjected to histopathology. Stored spermatozoa were recovered for the determination of indices of sperm quality mentioned in Experiment 1. Testis weight, stored sperm density, progressive motility, percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology and plasma testosterone concentrations of TSCM were significantly lower by 40, 65, 40, 69 and 66%, respectively than those of ICRM. These data indicate that adult TSCM used in this study suffered from hypogonadism, characteristically observed among adult male SCD patients. In Experiment 2, HU treatment significantly decreased testis weight on day 28, (0.09 ± 0.004g) that was further decreased on day 56 (0.06 ± 0.003g; treatment x time interaction) compared with controls (day 28, 0.15 ± 0.01g; day 56, 2, 0.16 ± 0.01g). Concomitant with a 52% shrinkage (P
Reversibly photoswitchable protein assemblies with collagen affinity for in vivo photoacoustic imaging of tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent advancements in photoacoustic (PA) imaging have leveraged reversibly photoswitchable chromophores, known for their dual absorbance states, to enhance imaging sensitivity through differential techniques. Yet, their deployment in tumor imaging has faced obstacles in achieving targeted delivery with high efficiency and specificity. Addressing this challenge, we introduce innovative protein assemblies, DrBphP-CBD, by genetically fusing a photosensory module from Deinococcus radiodurans bacterial phytochrome (DrBphP) with a collagen-binding domain (CBD). These protein assemblies form sub-100-nanometer structures composed of 24 DrBphP dimers and 12 CBD trimers, presenting 24 protein subunits. Their affinity for collagens, combined with impressive photoswitching contrast, markedly improves PA imaging precision. In various tumor models, intravenous administration of DrBphP-CBD has demonstrated enhanced tumor targeting and retention, augmenting contrast in PA imaging by minimizing background noise. This strategy underscores the clinical potential of DrBphP-CBD as PA contrast agents, propelling photoswitchable chromoproteins to the forefront of precise cancer diagnosis.
Failure of Sengstaken Balloon Tamponade for Rebleeding after Tissue Adhesive Injection in a Fundic Varix

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 61-year-old man developed a huge fundic varix due to portal hypertension in alcoholic liver cirrhosis. After a third injection therapy session with tissue adhesive (Histoacryl) massive hemorrhage developed. Sengstaken (gastric) balloon tamponade failed. Autopsy showed a huge, solid varix with a large hole on its side, inaccessible with the Sengstaken balloon.