jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Innovative Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring by Using Multiband Split Ring Resonator Monopole Antenna (MSRRMA)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

This paper presents a multiband, compact monopole antenna based on an irregular curved shape of split ring resonator design MSRRMA to enable continuous monitoring of human blood glucose concentration level without requiring invasive blood samples. The proposed sensor resonates at frequencies of 0.94, 1.5, 3, 4.6, 6.3 and 7.2 GHz, with reflection coefficient impedance bandwidths ≤-10 dB at 4%, 3.5%, 65%, and 50%, respectively. Two cells of SRR metamaterial shape are used to create notches at 1.7 GHz and 4.4 GHz. The proposed monopole antenna is constructed using a cost-effective FR4 substrate with dimensions of 35 × 50 × 1.6 mm³. The 3D electromagnetic simulation using computer simulation technology (CST) software is employed to simulate the proposed antenna sensor with a human finger phantom model, measuring the sensor's sensitivity to blood glucose concentrations. The finger phantom model is positioned at various angles around the antenna to detect frequency changes relevant to blood glucose content monitoring. In experimental research, a real human finger is placed around the proposed sensor to measure resonant frequency, magnitude, and phase changes. The proposed sensor is fabricated to validate the results, highlighting its benefits and superiority in sensitivity compared to alternative methods in the literature.
The influence of temperature on unrestrained volume changes in cementitious materials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper examines the influence of temperature on chemical shrinkage and unrestrained autogenous volume change in cementitious systems. The apparent activation energy of cement hydration is determined using measurements of chemical shrinkage. Equivalent age transformations are performed on the experimentally measured data. The results indicate that equivalent age transformations are suitable for describing the influence of temperature on chemical reactions, but are in general an inappropriate procedure for simulating the evolution of autogenous volume change in cementitious materials cured at different temperatures.
Organizational Factors and Technological Features in the Development of Green Innovations: Evidence from Patent Analysis

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the present paper we investigate whether and to what extent green innovations significantly differ from non-green ones, in terms of (i) inter- and intra-organizational relationships leading to their development and (ii) technological characteristics, as complexity and novelty. Then, we study the impact of these organizational factors and technological features on the value of green innovations. In particular, we focus on a specific type of green innovations, as green technological innovations, and consider green patents as proxy for them. Analyzing green and non-green patents developed by a sample of companies included in the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index, we find that green innovations have important peculiarities compared to conventional ones. Specifically, developing green innovations requires establishing collaborations with external actors as well as among internal actors to a greater extent, while the technologies underling green innovations seem to be characterized by a higher degree of complexity and novelty. With regard to the value of green innovations, results show that the most valuable ones are those that more highly rely on collaborations among internal actors, whereas higher levels of novelty seem to be detrimental, at least in the short-medium term.
Associated Calcium-Activated Chloride Channel hCLCA1 in Nasal Mucosa Following In Vivo Allergen Challenge

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Interleukin (IL)-9 is a pleiotropic T helper 2–type cytokine that has been shown to be up-regulated in allergic airway disease, including asthma. IL-9 has been demonstrated to be a potent stimulus for the production and secretion of mucus from airway epithelial cells via induction of a calcium-activated chloride channel, hCLCA1. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of IL-9 and hCLCA1 following allergen challenge in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis patients. Nasal biopsies were obtained from allergic rhinitis patients out of allergen season both before (baseline) and after local antigen challenge with either ragweed or diluent (control). Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to assess IL-9 protein and hCLCA1 messenger ribonucleic acid. Eosinophils and T cells were detected using immunohistochemistry. IL-9 and hCLCA1 were very low at baseline, and expression was significantly up-regulated following ragweed challenge. Whereas the number of eosinophils increased after allergen challenge, T-cell counts did not change significantly. The results of this study demonstrate the relationship between specific allergen challenge and expression of both IL-9 and hCLCA1, suggesting a possible mechanism for the increased production of mucus from airway epithelial cells in allergic rhinitis. I nterleukin (IL)-9 is a pleiotropic T helper 2–type cytokine that has been shown to be associated with
Skin transcriptome profiles associated with coat color in sheep

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: Previous molecular genetic studies of physiology and pigmentation of sheep skin have focused primarily on a limited number of genes and proteins. To identify additional genes that may play important roles in coat color regulation, Illumina sequencing technology was used to catalog global gene expression profiles in skin of sheep with white versus black coat color. Results: There were 90,006 and 74,533 unigenes assembled from the reads obtained from white and black sheep skin, respectively. Genes encoding for the ribosomal proteins and keratin associated proteins were most highly expressed. A total of 2,235 known genes were differentially expressed in black versus white sheep skin, with 479 genes up-regulated and 1,756 genes down-regulated. A total of 845 novel genes were differentially expressed in black versus white sheep skin, consisting of 107 genes which were up-regulated (including 2 highly expressed genes exclusively expressed in black sheep skin) and 738 genes that were down-regulated. There was also a total of 49 known coat color genes expressed in sheep skin, from which 13 genes showed higher expression in black sheep skin. Many of these up-regulated genes, such as DCT, MATP, TYR and TYRP1, are members of the components of melanosomes and their precursor ontology category. Conclusion: The white and black sheep skin transcriptome profiles obtained provide a valuable resource for future research to understand the network of gene expression controlling skin physiology and melanogenesis in sheep.
Center Line Segregation in Twin-Roll Cast AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A three-dimensional approach to microstructural investigations was for the first time applied to a continuous cast material in order to understand solidification processes and liquid flow during casting.A twin-roll cast AZ31 magnesium alloy strip was subjected to observations by light optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and X-ray microtomography.The last one is found to be the only suitable for the 3D characteristic of the segregation channels containing Mn and Al-rich primary phases located in the central zone of the strip.It was shown that a reliable three-dimensional image of the volume containing central line segregation cannot be obtained using conventional metallographic methods, whereas X-ray microtomography allows the complete reconstruction of major features of the central segregation in the alloy.
Community health workers can be trained to identify patients eligible for tuberculosis preventive therapy, but encounter barriers to programme implementation in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, ranking as the leading cause of death from infectious disease, above HIV and AIDS. South Africa has the sixth highest TB incidence rate in the world and the world's largest HIV epidemic. This study sought to demonstrate the feasibility of community health workers (CHWs) contributing to the implementation of tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) among people living with HIV and AIDS. Twelve community health workers were trained to test for communicable and non-communicable diseases and screen for TPT eligibility. They visited a select number of homes monthly to conduct screening for HIV, TB and non-communicable diseases. We recorded screening results, rates of referral for TPT, linkage to care - defined as being seen in the clinic for TPT - and treatment initiation. Among the 1 279 community members screened, 248 were identified as living with HIV, 99 (39.9%) individuals were identified as eligible for TPT, and 46 (46.5%) were referred to care. Among those referred, the median age was 39 (IQR 30-48) and 29 (63%) linked to care; 11 (37.9%) of those linked subsequently initiated treatment. In rural South Africa, it is feasible to train CHWs to identify and refer patients eligible for TPT, but losses occurred at each step of the cascade. CHWs can facilitate TPT implementation, although further implementation research exploring and addressing barriers to TPT (on an individual, provider and systems level) should be prioritised to optimise their role in rural resource-limited settings.
Gamma Radiation (<sup>60</sup>Co) Exposure and Application of Antagonists for the Suppression of Root Rot Diseases in Sunflower (<i>Helianthus annus</i> L.) and Mung Bean (<i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) R. Wilczek)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was carried out for the control of root rot fungi such as Fusarium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) and Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek). Seeds were treated with gamma radiation (60Co) for 0, 2, 8 and 16 minutes intervals and soil was drenched with different antagonists such as Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula and Rhizobium meliloti Dangeard. All the antagonists significantly increased germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot weight, root weight, leaf area and showed complete suppression of M. phaseolina and R. solani observed in mung bean and sunflower. In both crops, mostly growth parameters increased as the exposure of gamma rays increased whereas in some cases it decreased. P. aeruginosa and R. meliloti were observed to be satisfactory biocontrol agents followed by T. harzianum whereas all exposure time of irradiation of gamma rays (60Co) to seeds of mung bean and sunflower were found to be best.DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4309
Relationship Between Intellectual Property Rights and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Intellectual property rights (IPR) are critical for developing new inventions and creations, transforming them into social and economic value, and increasing inventors' and creators' competitiveness. The main functions of IPR are preventing competitors from owning, using, selling, and monetizing related inventions and creations, access to markets and networks, and obtaining venture capital. Entrepreneurship contributes significantly to economic growth and is crucial to creating opportunities and improving the performance of new businesses. Its impact varies from economy to economy based on its outputs, a nation's industrial and technological prowess, and its legislative framework for developing entrepreneurs. Technological development is inevitable considering the increasing population, existing infrastructure, services offered to society, limited resources, the expected quality of life, and the city's ecological imprint. Therefore, creative and technological solutions will be essential, especially in building dynamic approaches while creating smart cities for the future.
Chinese Factors in India Relationship with Myanmar in the Period 1992 – 2014

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

India and Myanmar are two neighboring countries have a traditional, close and longstanding relationship. Through many vicissitudes and fluctuations of history, bilateral relations have been retained and developed since the Cold War to the present. In relations with Myanmar, India cannot ignore the Chinese factor. China is a “rising” power in Asia and a neighbor to both India and Myanmar. With the third largest area and largest population in the world, China has a very important influence on the diplomatic relations of the countries, including the relations between India and Myanmar. Considered as a strategic competitor of India in the 21st century, China has a great influence on the country in improving and developing relations with neighboring countries, including Myanmar. On the basis of the reference sources, this research’s aim is to analyze China’ role in India - Myanmar relations process in the years 1992 - 2014, thereby helping readers to recognize the great impact of the Chinese factor on the development of the relationship mentioned above. The scope of this research is the Chinese factor for India - Myanmar relations in the period when India implemented the “Look East” policy (1992 - 2014). The research shows that the factor’s impact on India - Myanmar relations in the aforementioned period is regular and takes place in many fields, with the focus on political - diplomacy, economic and security - defense. With the strategic importance of neighboring Myanmar, India cannot “forget” its Chinese strategic competitor in relations with Myanmar as well as other neighboring countries in the 21st century. Received: 7 November 2020 / Accepted: 21 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2020
The career of William Osler

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

If you mention the name William Osler to medical students or young doctors, they will almost certainly associate him with “Osler's nodes” – the painful swellings that occur in infective endocarditis, and which he first identified. Much older doctors are likely to know of Osler mainly as the author of the first modern textbook of medicine. His “Principles and Practice of Medicine,” first published in 1892, went through seventeen editions and became the model for all subsequent medical textbooks. However, if you could turn the clock back, and ask anyone trained in medicine before the middle of the twentieth century, you would hear a quite different kind of narrative. It might astound you. Sir William Osler was regarded in his own time as quite simply the greatest physician in the history of the world. This view was held widely: among his patients, medical students and colleagues, and by the presidents, prime ministers, archbishops, royalty and world-famous writers he came to look after, and who became his friends. Harvey Cushing, his disciple and first biographer, wrote of him: “Everyone fortunate enough to have been brought in contact with him shared from the beginning in the universal feeling of devotion.”1 Herbert Asquith, a British cabinet minister, wrote “He appeared to those of us who met him…to be as perfect as it is given human frailty to be.”2 Osler was considered the paradigm for every doctor. Almost certainly, the teachers of your own teachers will have tried consciously to imitate him.
Approaching the Sovereign

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter is about the importance of national Aboriginal art fairs: Desert Mob, Darwin Aboriginal Art Fair (DAAF), Revealed, and more recently, Tarnanthi, the AIATSIS Art Markets, the National Indigenous NAIDOC Art Fair and others. These key national art fairs present an Aboriginal art market not in decline nor in crisis but alive and thriving with a distinctive agency and vitality unique to the sector. Densely peopled and populated, not only by the life of art objects, but by Aboriginal artists, community members, remote art centre staff, art industry members, politicians, academics and more, Aboriginal art fairs present artists talks, dance performances, master classes, as well as art, generating spaces of thick cultural production and value in the making. This chapter explores how national art fairs contextualise Aboriginal art in sentient and vitally embodied terms, attesting to country, to place, to lifeworld and making this vitality into an experience and encounter. Chapter 18 Through two detailed case studies of exhibitionary projects by three pioneering Indigenous curators, this chapter seeks to demonstrate that Indigenous curation is not only an important political act of recognition and visibility, it is also deeply indebted to Indigenous cultural practices that draw on invocations of the ceremonial, extra-discursive meaning and practice, a deep responsiveness to place and declarative stances that foreground Indigenous perspectives. Through projects situated within high-prestige sites of national, international and contemporary value, this chapter offers an expansive model of Indigenous curation that has been developing over three decades, although its genealogy is demonstrated to be much longer. This chapter will consider the methodologies of Indigenous forms of curation and interrogate the work of pioneering curatorial figures whose distinct exhibitionary projects have instrumentalised Indigenous curation as a polemical strategy of political activism and a broader platform of social and cultural practice. These case studies reveal the ways in which exhibitions have both created new and broadened complacent formulations of history, identity, museology and contemporaneity.
An <i>In Situ</i> Acid Wastewater Treatment Equipment for Laboratory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The random discharge status of acid wastewater in laboratory is a potential hazard to the municipal drainage system, wastewater treatment system and water resources. In this paper, an in-situ acid wastewater treatment equipment for laboratory is suggested. It is composed of an acid wastewater tank, an alkali wastewater tank, a neutralization tank, a washing gas box, pipes and other accessories. It can make the best use of the alkali wastewater produced in the laboratory to deal with the acid wastewater on site. The neutralization reaction takes place in the neutralization tank, and the solution reacted couldn’t be discharged into the indoor drainage pipeline until its pH qualifies the standard. Through the sludge discharge pipe, the deposits can be collected individually, and then be hurtlessly treated and reused. Meanwhile, through the washing gas box the waste gas is decontaminated and discharged into atmosphere. So it can not only reduce the environmental pollution but also lower the treatment cost which corresponds with the idea of green laboratory. This equipment has the economical, practical, and workable property. Not only that, through a reasonable transformation, it is also suitable for other kinds of wastewater, so it has a certain technical populization value.
Prostate cancer: updates on current strategies for screening, diagnosis and clinical implications of treatment modalities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men by way of diagnosis and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Early detection and intervention remains key to its optimum clinical management. This review provides the most updated information on the recent methods of prostate cancer screening, imaging and treatment modalities. Wherever possible, clinical trial data has been supplemented to provide a comprehensive overview of current prostate cancer research and development. Considering the recent success of immunotherapy in prostate cancer, we discuss cell, DNA and viruses based, as well as combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies in detail. Furthermore, the potential of nanotechnology is increasingly being realized, especially in prostate cancer research, and we provide an overview of nanotechnology-based strategies, with special emphasis on nanotheranostics and multifunctional nanoconstructs. Understanding these recent developments is critical to the design of future therapeutic strategies to counter prostate cancer.
Investigating the flavor compounds in the cocoa powder production process

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Flavor is one of the most important quality properties of cacao beans, playing a key role in the admissibility of cocoa products, such as cocoa powder. This study examined the industrial processes influencing the flavor of cacao beans. The Ivory Coast cacao beans were used after their alkaline treatment with potassium carbonate (up to pH 7.5–8) and being roasted at 115–120°C for 60–70 min. The volatile components were extracted using Likens–Nickerson simultaneous distillation–extraction (SDE) apparatus. The volatile compound profiles were identified by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), as a result of which several compounds (alcohols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and pyrazines) were recognized. Alkalization and roasting were shown to be two important steps in the cacao beans processing that can affect the final cocoa powder flavor. In addition, pyrazines and esters were two major groups of flavor compounds formed during the roasting stage by the Maillard reaction. The percentage of 2,3,5,6‐tetramethylpyrazine was detected in the cacao beans equal to 0.5%. After the liquor pressing stage, tetramethylpyrazine increased to its highest amount (3%) in cocoa powder. It was found that the cocoa powder contained 2.69% of tetramethylpyrazine, 3.22% isobutyl benzoate, and 1.38% linalool. The highest percentage of increase in the mean amounts of 2,3,5,6‐tetramethylpyrazine, isobutyl benzoate, and linalool were observed in the roasting stage, after which the percentages diminished.
Stabilized Finite Element Scheme for High Speed Flows with Chemical Non-Equilibrium

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin finite element method is presented for the case of a reacting mixture of thermally-perfect gases, using chemical non-equilibrium. Details of the stabilization scheme and nonlinear solution are presented. The authors have independently implemented the proposed algorithm in two separate codes, for both single temperature and and two temperature models. Example problems invoving a cylinder in Mach 20 crossflow, as well as a three-dimensional blunt nosetip are shown and compared to established codes.