jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Novel Approach for Evaluating Detector-Related Uncertainties in a LArTPC Using MicroBooNE Data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Primary challenges for current and future precision neutrino experiments using liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) include understanding detector effects and quantifying the associated systematic uncertainties. This paper presents a novel technique for assessing and propagating LArTPC detector-related systematic uncertainties. The technique makes modifications to simulation waveforms based on a parameterization of observed differences in ionization signals from the TPC between data and simulation, while remaining insensitive to the details of the detector model. The modifications are then used to quantify the systematic differences in low- and high-level reconstructed quantities. This approach could be applied to future LArTPC detectors, such as those used in SBN and DUNE.
Distribution, biology and prey selection of the introduced Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus at Kiska Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

At Kiska Island, Alaska, USA we quantified age, sex, size, distribution and predation of Least Auklets Aethia pusilla by non-indigenous Norway Rats Rattus norvegicus, to evaluate their impact on auklet reproductive success. Rat distribution was assessed by surveying accessible parts of Kiska Island for rat sign and prey hoards. To quantify prey selection and infer diet, the contents of all hoards found were identified. Age, sex and size structure of the rat population was assessed using limited snap trapping on and off the Sirius Point auklet colony. Norway Rat sign was abundant in all areas near breeding seabirds and marine sources of food but rat sign abundance varied among years at Sirius Point. Although we found a larger proportion of juvenile to adult rats (0.54 : 0.46, p &lt; 0.01) at Sirius Point, no significant differences were found in the proportion of reproductive to non-reproductive females (0.50 : 0.27, p &gt; 0.05) or in overall adult body size (257 g and 37 cm : 236 g and 35 cm, p &gt; 0.05) between Sirius Point and Christine Lake where breeding auklets are absent. Surplus killing and food hoarding by rats was noted in all years during the auklet laying period, with adult Least Auklets being the principal prey taken (4-148 individuals per hoard, n = 16 hoards). Our observations were consistent with the notion that rats have a negative impact on auklet populations, but for management purposes further information on whether rats are the sole cause of auklet reproductive failure is required.
Te Wero- the Challenge: Creating an inspirational learning environment for Maori and Pasifika students in their first year of tertiary study.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the increasing massification of content delivery in tertiary education, students who fail to ‘catch the tide’ in the ‘one size fits all’ teaching programmes are often left exposed and dispirited. In Aotearoa New Zealand, indigenous Māori students and those of Polynesian heritage are over represented in this category of under achievement or failure where language difficulties or cultural expectations are not an easy fit with mainstream practice. However, some of these issues can be addressed if disciplined-centred teaching structures are put in place to provide these students with a culturally welcoming alternative which supports them in the mainstream. Backed by longitudinal analysis, this paper aims to offer a blueprint from which others can adapt equity initiatives designed to meet the needs of ethnic groups who may be struggling to find a learning space within a first year tertiary environment. “Feed a man with fish, he will live from day to day, teach him how to fish, he will live forever” (Māori Proverb)
Growth inhibitory activity of maize "ogi" liquor on common diarrheal bacteria in Southwest Nigeria

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of raw “ogi” liquor from maize (Zea mays) on the growth of some common diarrheal bacteria, viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, was investigated in this study using agar gel diffusion assay. The liquor inhibited the growth of all the test organisms with zones of inhibition ranging from 13.0-18.0 mm. The inhibition was superior to that mediated by the slurry of the “ogi” and most of the antibiotics used. Moreover, the inhibition mediated by the liquor was not affected by heat treatment at 100°C for 5 min prior use. Since the liquor had growth inhibitory effect on these organisms, it is suggested that the liquor should be exploited in the treatment of bacterial diarrhea caused by these organisms especially in rural areas with no access to conventional medication.
The Dead in the Land: Encounters with Bodies, Bones, and Ghosts in Northwestern Cambodia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores one Cambodian village's engagement with the remains of the dead encountered during postwar resettlement. For Khmer Buddhists, the correct material transformation of the bodies of the dead is critical, but these processes were often disrupted in Cambodia's recent troubled past. This article describes the subsequent ramifications of these interrupted processes for both the living and the dead in Reaksmei Songha village in northwestern Battambang. Various residents had encountered the bones of the war dead, and some described sightings of ghosts. Kinship played a vital role in villagers’ responses to unearthed bones. However, residents tended to downplay the impact of these remains and their ghostly counterparts, possibly because of their own affective identification with the plight of the dead.
Between the Political Animality and the Animality Political

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Jacque Derrida, The Beast and the Sovereign Vols I trans. Geoffrey Bennigton (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011), ISBN978-0-226-44429-0; 978-0-226-14430-6, Pages 349; 293. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] The Beast and the Sovereign is a collection of last seminars in two volumes given by Jacques Derrida from 2001-2003 on the relation between animality and sovereignty. In the seminars, Derrida pushes on a certain analogy between the and the sovereign, the that sometimes seems to be the sovereign, like the that is outside or above the law (4). It is in fact the extension of his earlier project on sovereignty in Politics of Friendship (1997) and Rogues (2004). The is not just a trope, he argues, but something against which sovereignty of the sovereign is established. Derrida claims that is not alone because the sovereign is the beast's friend. They live in the same territory-outside the field of law. Contrary to Schmitt, Derrida argues that sovereignty can, more or less, be related to pre-political, before the nation-state, sovereignty of the state-free-citizen, of the citizen-state (21). It seems to me that our advocacy for the absolute freedom of citizens is a desire for the of the or return to the pre-political state of life. He shows the pre-political sovereignty of the citizen, in which the savage or the beast would enjoy the same happiness of absolute freedom. The is alone, independent, unique, indivisible, and does not relate to others for its world. Likewise, the sovereign enjoys isolation, exception, is set off, separated and holds exceptional power to suspend laws. Derrida offers a critique of Giorgio formulation of bios and zoe in Homo Sacer and State of Exception in order to show the incompatibility in his idea of sovereign power as the reason of the stronger. Derrida shows the problematic of relating the animal to either side of the distinction between bios and zoe. He says, Agamben's text: does the animal come under bios or zoe ? ... man defined as zoon logon ekhon, the animal, the living being possessed of logos. What does that mean? ... the whole tradition we are speaking has been governed by this definition, the difficulties of which ... depending on whether one accepts or not proposed distinction between 'essential attribute' and specific difference,' a distinction I found to be fragile (337). The same logic Derrida persists, in and through a critique of Martin Heidegger's attempt to attribute the logos as reason and power, which overpowers Being. Heidegger treats animality as nonpower or nontruth or nonBeing and says that animality does have a characteristic of disturbing, a little frightening, both intimate and terrible, which he associates with the Greek Deinon in Introduction to Metaphysics (242-43). …
Infections in outpatients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to assess the incidence and risk factors of infections in 200 SLE outpatients. All outpatients with active or inactive SLE without infections in the previous month were included. They were assessed every 3 months. Major infections were those requiring hospitalization and parental antibiotic therapy; minor infections required oral or topical therapy. Sociodemographic, disease activity using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), therapy and laboratory variables were evaluated. After a follow-up of 22 7 months, 65 (32%) patients had infections; 35% of those were major. The most common sites for infection were urinary (26%), skin (23%), systemic (12%), and vaginal (9%). At infection onset, 50 of 65 patients (77%) had disease activity, with a mean SLEDAI score of 6.1. The variables signifycantly associated with infection in the univariate analyses were the presence of disease activity, SLEDAI score, renal activity, prednisone dose, and IV cyclophosphamide. The only variable associated with infection in the multivariate analyses was a SLEDAI score of 4 or higher. Most infections in SLE outpatients were single, minor, non-life threatening, and associated with disease activity independently of sociodemographic and therapeutic factors.
Communication Patterns in Computer Mediated Learning Versus Face-to-face Learning:From the Perspective of Social Networks

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Researchers have various opinions on the relationship between real social networks and online social networks.This controversy has affected the fields related to on-line learning.From the case study of Xiangshan primary school located in Yiwu,the paper transforms the data collected by questionaire about on-line networks,off-line networks and affection network into three social network matrices.At the same time,by means of Ucient 6.1 software,from angles of sex,examination scores,small social groups,the interaction among students,the communication between boy stduents and girl students,the paper attempts to make a deep analysis about the differences between students' online communication and their face-to-face communication.In the development of online course,these differences should be fully taken into consideration.
Eschscholzia Californica: A Phytochemical And Pharmacological - Review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Phytochemical analysis of Eschscholzia californica showed that both aerial parts and roots contained alkaloids,
the latter being richer than the former, it contained up to 1.6% alkaloids. The alkaloids most commonly reported
in Eschscholzia californica included sanguinarine, dihydrosanguinarine chelirubine, macarpine,
dihydromacarpine, californidine, chelerythrine, dihydrochelerythrine, chelilutine, dihydrochelilutine,
sanguirubine, escholtzine, N-methyllaurotetanine, caryachine, O-methylcaryachine, protopine, allocryptopine,
reticuline, methyl laurotetanine, hunnemanine, norsanguinarine, pavine alkaloid (6S,12S-neocaryachine-7-Omethyl
ether N-metho salt), 1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-methyl-6,7-methylenedioxy-1,2,3,4-tetra
hydroisoquinoline, as well as the dihydro-intermediates. The plant also contained a variety of colours including
orange, red and yellow due to its different carotenoid composition. Six flavonol 3-O-glycosides were isolated from
the aerial parts of Eschscholtzia californica. Flavonoids, in the Eschscholzia californica, occurred mainly as
quercetin isorhamnetine glycosides. The previous pharmacological studies revealed that the plant possessed
antifungal, analgesic, anxiolytic, sedative, behavioural activities and beneficial effect in vasomotor headache with
an interesting mechanisms. This review was designed to discuss the chemical constituents and pharmacological
effects of Eschscholzia californica.
Keywords: Eschscholzia californica, pharmacology, contents, chemicals, therapeutic
Characterization of Adrenal Lesions on Unenhanced MRI Using Texture Analysis: A Machine‐Learning Approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Adrenal adenomas (AA) are the most common benign adrenal lesions, often characterized based on intralesional fat content as either lipid‐rich (LRA) or lipid‐poor (LPA). The differentiation of AA, particularly LPA, from nonadenoma adrenal lesions (NAL) may be challenging. Texture analysis (TA) can extract quantitative parameters from MR images. Machine learning is a technique for recognizing patterns that can be applied to medical images by identifying the best combination of TA features to create a predictive model for the diagnosis of interest. Purpose/Hypothesis To assess the diagnostic efficacy of TA‐derived parameters extracted from MR images in characterizing LRA, LPA, and NAL using a machine‐learning approach. Study Type Retrospective, observational study. Population/Subjects/Phantom/Specimen/Animal Model Sixty MR examinations, including 20 LRA, 20 LPA, and 20 NAL. Field Strength/Sequence Unenhanced T 1 ‐weighted in‐phase (IP) and out‐of‐phase (OP) as well as T 2 ‐weighted (T 2 ‐w) MR images acquired at 3T. Assessment Adrenal lesions were manually segmented, placing a spherical volume of interest on IP, OP, and T 2 ‐w images. Different selection methods were trained and tested using the J48 machine‐learning classifiers. Statistical Tests The feature selection method that obtained the highest diagnostic performance using the J48 classifier was identified; the diagnostic performance was also compared with that of a senior radiologist by means of McNemar's test. Results A total of 138 TA‐derived features were extracted; among these, four features were selected, extracted from the IP (Short_Run_High_Gray_Level_Emphasis), OP (Mean_Intensity and Maximum_3D_Diameter), and T 2 ‐w (Standard_Deviation) images; the J48 classifier obtained a diagnostic accuracy of 80%. The expert radiologist obtained a diagnostic accuracy of 73%. McNemar's test did not show significant differences in terms of diagnostic performance between the J48 classifier and the expert radiologist. Data Conclusion Machine learning conducted on MR TA‐derived features is a potential tool to characterize adrenal lesions. Level of Evidence : 4 Technical Efficacy : Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
Responses to water limitation are independent of light for saplings of a seasonally dry tropical forest

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) experience large spatial and temporal variation in water and light availability. The effect of heterogeneity in these limiting resources on species water use, physiology, and growth is still not well understood. We used a shade‐house experiment to manipulate light and water availability and examine plant water uptake, leaf‐level physiology, and sapling growth in four co‐occurring SDTF species belonging to both evergreen and deciduous plant functional types. Water uptake varied dramatically among species with a fivefold difference in maximum whole‐plant transpiration (WPT). While species differed in how WPT, leaf physiology, and growth responded to shade, there were no differences among species, or between evergreen and deciduous functional types, in responses to limited water. Importantly, responses to shade were independent of water availability in all four species. Changes in WPT in response to limited light and water were largely congruent with changes in leaf physiology and growth. However, the magnitude of change in leaf physiology was largely driven by light, while changes in WPT and growth were driven by water availability. Thus, whole‐plant water uptake may be a better indicator of plant growth responses in these species. Overall, these results suggest that responses to light and water limitation may be independent of each other, allowing species in SDTFs to explore a wide range of combinations of light and water responses to adapt to heterogeneous light and water niches.
"Let me talk!" Silenced voices of International Graduate Students and A Need for Transcaring pedagogy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

International students in U.S. higher education programs often experienced discrimination due to their differences, exclusion or limited socialization with their mainstream peers, and lower academic success than their mainstream counterparts (Clements & Petray, 2021; Lin, 2012). This case study explored five international graduate students' (three Chinese, one German, and one Arabic graduate student) experiences at a U.S. university. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews (Seidman, 2006) and analyzed with Domain analysis (Spradley,1979). The findings revealed that international graduate students associated native-like English practices with power. In addition, the participants often perceived discrimination due to their different languaging practices in the form of avoidance or disdain by their mainstream peers. Similarly, professors often affirmed the supremacy of mainstream culture and silenced them. These ‘uncaring practices’ contributed to international students’ oppression. These findings implied a need for transcaring pedagogy (García et al., 2012) in higher education programs.
The Principal Collegial Coaching Experience: Insider, Outsider and Beyond

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study explored the influence of collegial coaching on instructional leadership of principals through a qualitative self-study approach. Collegial coaching is described here as: A professional formal relationship whereby a school principal (coach), works with another practicing principal (coachee), helping to elevate instructional practice in the context of the coachee’s school, through intentional and systematic interactions. Self-study includes elements of ongoing inquiry, respects personal experiences, and emphasizes the role of knowledge construction. Three research questions served as the framework for the analysis of the research data: (1) What influence does collegial coaching have on the instructional leadership of school principals? (2) How does collegial coaching impact the principal’s influence on their leadership teams? (3) What are key components to a collegial coaching partnership? The central focus of data collection and analysis documented the voices from three principals (coachees), these principal’s respective leadership teams, and myself as the coach/researcher. By triangulating the documentation data – coachee responses, leadership team input, and my own experiences and perspectives as a coach – four themes emerged from the collegial coaching experience. These themes were: (1) Reflective Questioning, (2) Diagnosis of School Systems, (3) Sense of Urgency, and (4) Attention to Outcomes. Each theme arose through collegial coaching as job-embedded professional development support. Reflective questioning served as a way to stimulate thought to create a shared pool of meaning. Visiting classrooms helped to diagnose each school’s instructional system. Prioritizing longer-term goals and shorter-term objectives along with “touching things once” characterized having a sense of urgency. Attention to outcomes identified whether or not instructional leadership interventions were leading to desired outcomes. Integral to collegial coaching was maintaining a collegial peer relationship between the coachees and the coach.
BOSHLANG'ICH TA'LIMDA INNOVATSION FAOLIYATNI TASHKIL QILISH

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Maqolada innovatsion ta’lim va innovatsion faoliyatning mazmun-mohiyati yoritilgan. Innovatsion faoliyatni tashkil qilish orqali ta’lim mazmuni, vositalari, shakliga yangilik kiritish haqida ayrim fikrlar keltirilgan.
Interplay of cell death pathways and immune responses in ischemic stroke: insights into novel biomarkers

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Stroke is a severe neurological disease and a major worldwide issue, mostly manifesting as ischemic stroke (IS). In order to create effective treatments for IS, it is imperative to fully understand the underlying pathologies, as the existing therapeutic choices are inadequate. Recent investigations have shown the complex relationships between several programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, including necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis, and their correlation with immune responses during IS. However, this relationship is still unclear. To address this gap, this review study explored the cellular interactions in the immune microenvironment of IS. Then, to validate prior findings and uncover biomarkers, the study investigated bioinformatics studies. Several pathways, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK), were involved in PCD-immune interactions. The bioinformatics studies reported key biomarkers such as glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), gasdermin D (GSDMD), and TLR4, which have important implications in ferroptosis, cuproptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis respectively. These biomarkers were associated with PCD mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. The immune infiltration analysis consistently revealed a significant correlation between PCD pathways and detrimental immune cells, such as neutrophils and γδ T cells. Conversely, M2 macrophages and T helper cells showed protective effects. In conclusion, considering the intricate network of interactions between immune responses and PCD pathways, this study emphasized the necessity of a paradigm shift in therapeutic approaches to address the injuries that are related to this complex network.
Complete biconservative surfaces in the hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^3$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We construct simply connected, complete, non-$CMC$ biconservative surfaces in the $3$-dimensional hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^3$ in an intrinsic and extrinsic way. We obtain three families of such surfaces, and, for each surface, the set of points where the gradient of the mean curvature function does not vanish is dense and has two connected components. In the intrinsic approach, we first construct a simply connected, complete abstract surface and then prove that it admits a unique biconservative immersion in $\mathbb{H}^3$. Working extrinsically, we use the images of the explicit parametric equations and a gluing process to obtain our surfaces. They are made up of circles (or hyperbolas, or parabolas, respectively) which lie in $2$-affine parallel planes and touch a certain curve in a totally geodesic hyperbolic surface $\mathbb{H}^2$ in $\mathbb{H}^3$.