jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of pontine infarction by size

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose We hypothesized that the current criteria may be unsuitable for lacunar pontine infarctions (LPI) diagnosis and that size criteria may indicate different stroke mechanisms. Methods A total of 102 patients with isolated pontine infarctions were divided into a parent artery disease (PAD) and non-PAD groups according to stenosis of basilar artery. Further, 86 patients from the non-PAD group were divided into paramedian pontine infarction (PPI) and LPI groups. Data were collected from the three groups. The “golden” criterion for LPI was established based on the location of the infarction. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the optimal cutoff value to use as an LPI diagnostic indicator. Results There was a high prevalence of patients with PAD in both asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis (ACAS) and PPI groups. Patients with PPI had a higher prevalence in diabetes and ACAS than those with LPI. Based upon the ROC curve, the optimal lesion size cutoff value for use as an LPI diagnostic indicator was 11.8 mm. Conclusions Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) cutoff points for predicting LPI may differ from that of the middle cerebral artery territory. The diameter of LPI may also indicate different stroke mechanisms.
Comparison of thermochemical conversion processes of biomass to hydrogen-rich gas mixtures

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Hydrogen can be produced from biomass materials via thermochemical conversion processes such as pyrolysis, gasification, steam gasification, steam-reforming, and supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass. In general, the total hydrogen-rich gaseous products increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature for the biomass sample. The aim of gasification is to obtain a synthesis gas (bio-syngas) including mainly H2 and CO. Steam reforming is a method of producing hydrogen-rich gas from biomass. Hydrothermal gasification in supercritical water medium has become a promising technique to produce hydrogen from biomass with high efficiency. Hydrogen production by biomass gasification in the supercritical water (SCW) is a promising technology for utilizing wet biomass. The effect of initial moisture content of biomass on the yields of hydrogen is good.
Biography of a dream a reception-historical study of the fourth beast in Daniel 7

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The biblical apocalyptic books of Daniel and Revelation are, for better or worse, polarizing. Interpreters have long read and searched these books for clues about how their worlds will "end," which each new interpreter promising to have "unlocked" how Daniel and Revelation work together to uncover a divine plan for prophetic fulfillment. Redding uses the Vision of the Fourth Beast from Daniel 7 as a case study to consider how interpretations of texts take on lives of their own, eventually wedding interpretation with text and prompting the question: what even is a text? Is it what is on the page, something interpreters put there, or a combination of both? Starting with the literature of the Levant, this work traces the use of motifs, images, and themes through Daniel, Revelation, and into pre-Enlightenment Christian thinkers to consider hermeneutical trajectories that shaped (and continue to shape) how modern readers engage biblical apocalyptic literature
The Game of Cycles

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Game of Cycles, introduced by Su in 2020, is played on a simple connected planar graph together with its bounded cells, and players take turns marking edges with arrows according to a sink-source rule that gives the game a topological flavor. The object of the game is to produce a cycle cell—a cell surrounded by arrows all cycling in one direction—or to make the last possible move. We analyze the two-player game for various classes of graphs and determine who has a winning strategy. We also establish a topological property of the game: that a board with every edge marked must have a cycle cell.
STRUCTURES FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC BEARINGS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

As a technology, superconductivity has had a great contribution to the advancement of medical science, electronics, astronomy and transportation. With the improvements in the field of superconductivity, the discovery of new materials with better properties, commercialization of these materials, and regarding the importance of rotary equipment in major industry, trends in research and development of superconducting magnetic bearings is broadened day by day. High efficiency compared to the cost of manufacturing and maintenance of these bearings as well as the increasing need to economic save in key industry, could reinforce the tendency to use these bearings instead of conventional bearings. Superconducting magnetic bearings have various structures, all of which can be used for various applications. In recent decades efforts have been made to design new structures for specific applications. In this paper a general review of magnetic bearings’ history as well as their existing structures is investigated and the theoretical and experimental results have been presented for a studied bearing system.
Iotrol, iodixanol, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose effects on neural tissue CO2 production.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that the myelographic agent metrizamide decreases neural tissue glucose metabolism whereas iohexol and iopamidol do not. This study compares the changes in slices of rat hippocampus CO2 production caused by the nonionic dimers iotrol and iodixanol with the effects of metrizamide and 2-deoxy-D-glucose. After 6-hr incubations, 70-mmol/l concentrations of iotrol and iodixanol increased CO2 production by 11 +/- 20% and 31 +/- 35%, respectively, as compared with the artificial CSF control medium. Metrizamide at 70 mmol/l and 2-deoxy-D-glucose at 35 mmol/l decreased CO2 production by 32 +/- 13% and 96 +/- 1%, respectively. The increases in CO2 production with iotrol and iodixanol appear to indicate that these molecules have some effect on cell metabolism. The mechanism for the increase in CO2 production could involve an effect on the glucose metabolic pathway or could be indirect via a mechanism that increases cell energy utilization. These in vitro effects have not been verified with in vivo experiments.
Uma análise crítica sobre o direito penal brasileiro, a correlação entre o princípio da insignificância e a superlotação do sistema carcerário no Brasil, à luz do documentário Bagatela, de Clara Ramos.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present article is entitled to analyze the application of criminal enforcement in the current Brazilian scenario. A large part of the Brazilian population is unaware of the organization of the Penal Code and its principles, an example of the principle of insignificance, which, for several groups, endorses the great problem of overcrowding in prisons. The research problem refers to analyzing real cases addressed in the documentary Bagatela. In addition, the ineffectiveness of keeping individuals detained for theft with negligible values and all the costs generated to the State by this detention
Exercise Pathophysiology in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension—The Physiologic Explanation for Why Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Does What It Does

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disease that is associated with a significant and progressive limitation of exercise tolerance. The pathophysiological mechanisms of exercise intolerance during exercise are complex, multifactorial, and in fact not limited to the pulmonary circulation and the right ventricle. Disturbance of autonomic nervous function leads to an enhanced chemosensitivity, as well as respiratory and peripheral muscle weakness, and systemic endothelial dysfunction, which together play important roles in PAH pathophysiology and symptomatology. This article is focused on the different pathophysiological mechanisms of exercise intolerance in PAH, their interactions, and their relevance for clinical practice.
Nucleolar Organizer Region (NORs) in pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Counts of nucleolar regions (NORs) demonstrated by a silver staining technique in paraffin sections, have been used to distinguish benign from malignant lesions. AgNORs were studied in 24 biopsies from oral cavity (5 cases of normal oral mucosa, 5 of pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia and 14 of squamous cell carcinoma, subdivided according to degree of differentiation: 5 grade 1, 5 grade 2 and 4 grade 3) to find whether they were helpful in distinguishing pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia due to chronic parasitic infections from squamous cell carcinoma. Two methods of counting AgNORs were used: (A) a simpler one which counts nucleolar clusters (AgNU) and satellite AgNORs and the other (B) counting all individual AgNORs, including those within AgNUs. In both methods the lowest mean values were observed for grade 3 carcinoma, while the highest belonged to grade 2 carcinoma. The simpler method (A) was the most useful because AgNU counts showed significant difference when pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia was compared with grade 1 and 2 carcinomas, which are the most difficult to discriminate from it. However the overlapping of values render the technique of limited use in individual cases.
Coherent States for infinite homogeneous waveguide arrays: Cauchy coherent states for $E(2)$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Perelomov coherent states for equally spaced, infinite homogeneous waveguide arrays with Euclidean E(2) symmetry are defined, and a new resolution of the identity is obtained. The key point to construct this novel resolution of the identity is the fact that coherent states satisfy the Helmholtz equation (in coherent states labels), and thus every coherent state belongs to a one-parameter family uniquely determined by the Cauchy initial data of the coherent state in a one-dimensional Cauchy set. For this reason we call \textit{Cauchy coherent} states to these initial data. The novel, non-local resolution of the identity in terms of Cauchy coherent states is provided using frame theory. It is also shown that Perelomov coherent states for the Eucliean E(2) group have a simple and natural physical realization in these waveguide arrays.
Towards a Sound Performance Appraisal System: An Agenda for Action

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper is an attempt to present a synthesis with regard to Performance Appraisal (PA) by utilizing significantly the author’s previous published works which are based on theoretical as well as empirical studies done so far in the area of PA. The paper has its focus on utility of PA including the possible reasons for not having an effective high quality PA system in most of the organizations in Sri Lanka, an agenda for action, and a model of PA interview.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljhrm.v4i1.5620

Sri Lankan Journal of Human Resource Management Vol.4(1) 2013 pp. 62-77
Development and Validation of a Systematized Liquid Chromatographic Method for Estimation of Roflumilast in Tablets and in Presence of its Degradation Products

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Roflumilast (ROF) is an antiasthmatic drug used frequently for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The various reported methods developed with a non-systematised traditional workframe for routine estimation of ROF in formulations indicated the demand for developing a systematised new method. Objective: In the present study, an attempt was made to develop a new validated liquid chromatographic method with federal flexibilities and stability-indicating potential. Method: A time-efficient, rapid, and systematised quality by design (QbD) approach was developed to avail regulatory flexibilities with assured performance. Defining the analytical target profile (ATP) and associated critical analytical attributes (CAAs) helped control the method’s performance. Methanol proportion, flow rate, pH, and detection wavelength were the four identified critical method variables (CMVs) that were further studied for robustness investigation. Moreover, the control strategies for CMVs were defined as per method intent. Chromatography constituted methanol: water (pH 3.5 maintained by orthophosphoric acid) (90:10% v/v) as the mobile phase, flowing at 1.2 ml/min on a ShimPack GWS C18 column. The photodiode array (PDA) detector provided the best results at 250 nm. Results: ROF was eluted at a retention time of 3.1 min with acceptable system suitability values. Validation studies postulated method acceptability and suitability. Results for parameters viz. linearity (0.5–160 µg/ml), accuracy (> 98%), and precision (< 1%) advocated method reliability. ROF was susceptible to applied acidic and alkaline stress, requiring adequate preventive measures during formulation development. Conclusion: Overall, this method worked well for figuring out ROF even when there were product additives and possible degradation products present, showing that it can be used on a regular basis.
A Facile Synthesis of 2-Benzoyl-6-Hydroxy-3-Methyl-5-(2-Substituted-2,3-Dihydro-1H-1,5-Benzodiazepin-4-YL) Benzo[b]Furans

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The synthesis and characterisation of some new 1,5-benzodiazepines prepared from 4,6-diacetylresorcinol is reported.
SERIES &quot;ADVANCES IN PATHOBIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION&quot;

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Number 11 and last in this Series End points in pulmonary arterial hypertension: the way forward A. Peacock*, R. Naeije#, N. Galié}, J.T. Reevesz End points in pulmonary arterial hypertension: the way forward. A. Peacock, R. Naeije, N. Galié, J.T. Reeves. #ERS Journals Ltd 2004. ABSTRACT: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare disease of poor prognosis. Despite its rarityw1,000 patients have been randomised in placebo-controlled trials using novel therapies, including prostacyclin analogues, endothelin receptor antagonists and, most recently, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. Nearly all of these trials have used exercise capacity, measured by the unencouraged 6-min walking distance, as the primary end point and a variety of other measurements as secondary end points. This approach has been productive, leading to the licensing of a number of effective treatments. Future clinical trials, however, will probably assess drug combinations, make comparisons between drugs and include less severely ill patients. It is, therefore, timely to examine the end points used. The authors discussed the various end points that have been used in the past and possible end points that might be used in the future. End points considered included measurements of: exercise capacity, haemodynamics, quality of life, imaging of the right heart and circulation, and chemical markers of pulmonary hypertension. Many of these show promise but will have to be used in parallel and compared with conventional end points such as the 6-min walking distance before their value can be demonstrated convincingly to the regulatory authorities.
Using Flipgrid to improve reflection: a collaborative online approach to coach development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: Coaching researchers have stressed the need for critical reflection in practitioners, as an important tool to facilitate development. In parallel, however, coaches’ preference for more informal development methods are well documented. The increased impact of social media and other online applications offers new ways to pursue these important factors, and previous research has explored the use of written online blogs as a medium for this purpose. Purpose: The objective of the current study was to explore the potential effectiveness of Flipgrid, a video-based online communication tool that enables face-to-face, short verbal interactions, for facilitating and promoting collaborative online learning and critical reflection. Research design and data collection: The intervention was applied to a group of student-coaches (n = 21), enrolled in an undergraduate sports coaching degree programme at a higher education institution in the UK, as a part of their educational diet. Responses were analysed using Hatton and Smith’s (1995) reflective framework; an approach used previously in coach development studies. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected reflecting the number and reflective level of interactions over a fifteen-week period. Findings: Results showed good support for the approach, with participants exhibiting more frequent and more critical responses as compared to earlier studies which had used a blog-based written response and interaction format. Conclusion: Further research is worthwhile to examine the broader usage of the approach. However, in this higher education setting, the approach proved impactful with these student-coaches.
A Novel Approach for Phase Balancing of Secondary Distribution Power System

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Objectives: The main objective of the power distribution system is to reduce the loss in order to improve the system efficiency, alleviate the cost and increase the consumer satisfaction. Methods/Analysis: Power loss mainly depends on type of the load and its pattern. Load unbalance on distribution feeder leads to current raise in the heavily loaded phase, over voltage in the lightly loaded phase and neutral current and mal functioning of protection equipment. Findings: In power distribution energy management, phase balancing is one among the techniques available to reduce the loss incurred by load unbalance. Phase balancing is a concept of re-phasing service laterals such that load on three phases is balanced. Application/Improvement: The study mainly deals with phase balancing of secondary distribution feeder by rearranging the connections of consumer load/ service laterals. The algorithm is designed to handle time varying loads with an objective of loss reduction and minimum number of phase moves. Keywords: Candidate Node, Distribution Feeder, Loss Reduction, Phase Balancing
Polen unter anderen. Literarische Außen- und Innenansichten der polnischen Arbeits- migration in Großbritannien seit 2004

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Summary Perspectives on the lives of migrants in their host countries tend to be bicultural, which is at odds with the multiethnic reality of British industrial cities, especially with London’s low-paid sector. This paper proposes migrant literature as an antidote to bicultural restrictions. It endeavors to provide a comparative reading of writings by Polish migrant authors about interactions with other migrants in Britain and other migrant writers’ perceptions of Poles. The corpus consists of post-accession texts and includes, among others, books by A. M. Bakalar, Gosia Brzezińska, Grzegorz Kopaczewski, Daniel Koziarski, Adam Miklasz, Jarek Sępek, and Daniel Zuchowski on the one hand, and Marina Lewycka and Aleksandrs Ruģēns (alias Vilis Lācītis alias William B. Foreignerski), on the other. Given that the authors in question draw on diverse—Polish, British, Ukrainian, Latvian, and other East European—traditions of cultural and/or economic Othering, this paper scrutinizes both the mutual Orientalizing tendencies and the transnationalizing trajectories involved.
[Cineradiographic study of wrist motion].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To make clear the kinematics of the wrist in flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation, a cineradiographic study was carried out on twenty normal hands. The intercarpal angles were measured on each picture of the cineradiogram. The relationship between the wrist angle and the intercarpal angles were calculated by a micro-computer giving a 5th degree regression curve. From the maximal dorsiflexion to the neutral position, the wrist moves in the radiocarpal joint more than in the midcarpal joint, while, from the neutral position to the maximal palmar flexion, the wrist moves more in the latter. From the neutral position to the maximal radial deviation, the wrist motion occurs in the midcarpal joint more than in the radiocarpal joint, while, from the neutral position to maximal ulnar deviation, the wrist motion occurs equally in the two joints. The movements of the carpal bones were regulated by the tension and the relaxation of the carpal ligaments.
Oryza sativa Linnaeus IRGC 133802

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Oryza sativa Linnaeus
Common name(s): Rice
Other names: BASMATI KAMON::IRGC 27785-1
Conserved by: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines
Local sample unique identifier: IRGC 133802
Method of creation: In-house variant
Date: 2011-11-01
Other identifiers: n/a,4492947
Historical: No
Biological status: Genetic stock
MLS status: Art. 15 collection
Evidence and arguments for methane and ammonia in Earth's earliest atmosphere and an organic compound–rich early ocean

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The preponderance of geologic evidence does not support carbon dioxide as the main carbon species degassed from early Earth, nor a carbon dioxide–rich early atmosphere. In fact, there are several problems that cannot be addressed by assuming either of these facets of what has become conventional wisdom about the early atmosphere. A careful examination of the conditions that most likely accompanied late accretion, incorporating the most probable average composition of accreting materials, suggests an early atmosphere produced by degassing of reduced carbon and nitrogen species, followed by photochemical processing to yield a surface environment rich in organic compounds. Recycling of these organics through hydrothermal and volcanic systems would have maintained a level of reduced gases (photochemically unstable as they may be) in the early atmosphere for an extended period, accompanied by a growing carbon dioxide component derived from mantle magmatism. Such a model for the early atmosphere is not only consistent with geological data, it also solves many problems of the early history of Earth.
Possible side effects of glucose, fructose, sorbitol and xylitol in man.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

It is concluded that there are no specific and dramatic side effects of glucose substitutes, apart from the increase in uric acid synthesis. All other side effects are noticed with glucose as well. The danger of lactic acidosis is not indicated, provided a normal dose of fructose or other carbohydrates is used. With respect to sorbitol and xylitol, lactic acidosis was not considered a serious side effect until now. No facts are known to establish the hepatotoxicity for fructose or for another glucose substitute. The danger of hyperglycemia is smaller with the glucose substitutes as compared to glucose. Therefore, the glucose substitutes are an alternative to glucose under certain conditions.
Broadband pump-probe spectroscopy at 20-MHz modulation frequency

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We introduce an innovative high-sensitivity broadband pump-probe spectroscopy system, based on Fourier-transform detection, operating at 20-MHz modulation frequency. A common-mode interferometer employing birefringent wedges creates two phase-locked delayed replicas of the broadband probe pulse, interfering at a single photodetector. A single-channel lock-in amplifier demodulates the interferogram, whose Fourier transform provides the differential transmission spectrum. Our approach combines broad spectral coverage with high sensitivity, due to high-frequency modulation and detection. We demonstrate its performances by measuring two-dimensional differential transmission maps of a carbon nanotubes sample, simultaneously acquiring the signal over the entire 950-1350 nm range with 2.7·10-6 rms noise over 1.5 s integration time.