jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Industrial Decline in Greater Manchester 1966-1975: a Components of Change Approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The investigation of manufacturing employment change in Greater Manchester provides a provincial conurbation example to complement the well-documented case of industrial decline in London. Between 1966 and 1975 Greater Manchester lost one-quarter of its manufacturing employment, largely through plant closures. Surviving plants also lost employment while new jobs in plant openings only offset one-quarter of those lost in closures. The movement of industry into and out of the conurbation had a minor impact on employment change. In comparison with metropolitan areas in Development Areas Greater Manchester experienced a higher closure rate and lower opening rate. However, it was concluded that neither improved regional assistance nor existing firms and new establishment creation would provide sufficient new jobs to prevent continued industrial decline.
Regulatory mechanisms in cell-mediated immune responses. VIII. Differential expression of I-region determinants by suppressor cells and their targets in suppression of mixed leukocyte reactions.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The phenotypic expression of I-region determinants on cells producing and responding to MLR suppressor factor (MLR-TsF) was established in these studies. Alloantigen-activated MLR suppressor T cells (MLR-Ts), which produce MLR-TsF bearing gene products of the I-C subregion, were exposed to anti-I subregion sera and complement (C) before in vitro culture for MLR-TsF production. Suppressor activity was prevented by removal of cells bearing I-C determinants, whereas elimination of cells expressing I-A/B determinants had no effect. Interestingly, cytotoxic elimination of cells displaying I-J determinants also prevented MLR-TsF production. Admixture of anti-I-J and I-C antiserum-treated cells for MLR-TsF production failed to reconstitute suppressor activity, indicating that I-C and I-J gene products are expressed on a single population of cells critical to MLR suppression, rather than on distinct interacting subpopulations. Anti-I-C serum activity specific for I-C+ MLR-Ts was removed by adsorption with nylon wool-nonadherent splenic T cells and concanavalin A-activated thymocytes; adsorption with splenic B cells from anti-Thy-1,2 serum and C-treated spleen failed to remove relevant anti-I-C activity. These data suggest that regulatory I-C molecules, like I-J molecules, are preferentially expressed on T lymphocytes. Expression of I-C, or other I-region molecules on responder cell targets of MLR-TsF activity was also investigated. Responder cells were pretreated with anti-I subregion-specific sera in blocking or complement-dependent cytotoxic protocols before addition to MLR with MLR-TsF. Neither blocking nor the cytotoxic removal of cells bearing I-C or other I-region determinants from MLR responder populations interfered with MLR-TsF suppression. Because it has previously been demonstrated that MLR-TsF interacts optimally with activated, I-C syngeneic target cells, blocking and cytotoxic studies with anti-I subregion sera were also performed with responder cells activated by 24 h culture in MLR in the absence of MLR-TsF. Brief MLR-TsF pulse after antiserum treatment generated marked suppression regardless of blocking or absence of cells bearing serologically detected I-region determinants. I-C restricted suppression may thus be mediated not by interaction with I-C-bearing cells, but by target cells which exist in requisite association with populations of I-C+ cells.
Apatinib monotherapy for chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: A multicenter, single-arm, prospective study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

3527 Background: Apatinib is an oral highly-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that blocks vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). This exploratory study evaluated the efficacy and safety of apatinib monotherapy in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: In this multicenter, single-arm, prospective study, 48 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who had failed at least two lines standard chemotherapies including fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan were recruited from 14 centers in Guangdong, China. Apatinib at a 500mg dose was administered daily continuously. Each cycle was 4 weeks (28 days). The primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), quality of life (QoL) and toxicity. Results: A total of 48 patients was enrolled in the study from September 3, 2015 to June9, 2017. Four patients achieved a partial response, and 22 achieved stable disease, representing a response rate of 8.3% and a disease control rate of 60.4%. Median follow-up time was 10.3 months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of evaluable patients (n=41) were 4.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7-5.9) and 9.7 months (95% CI 5.9-13.6). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AE) were hypertension (12.5%), hand-foot syndrome (10.4%), thrombocytopenia (10.4%), proteinuria (8.3%) and mucositis oral (6.3%). Conclusions: Apatinib monotherapy shows promising efficacy and manageable toxicities in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Further phase 3 trial is warranted. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR1900020503.
Time-reversal of reflected Brownian motions in the orthant

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We determine the processes obtained from a large class of reflected Brownian motions (RBMs) in the nonnegative orthant by means of time reversal. The class of RBMs we deal with includes, but is not limited to, RBMs in the so-called Harrison-Reiman class [4] having diagonal covariance matrices. For such RBMs our main result resolves the long-standing open problem of determining the time reversal of RBMs beyond the skew-symmetric case treated by R.J. Williams in [16]. In general, the time-reversed process itself is no longer a RBM, but its distribution is absolutely continuous with respect to a certain auxiliary RBM. In the course of the proof we introduce a novel discrete approximation scheme for the class of RBMs described above, and use it to determine the semigroups dual to the semigroups of such RBMs.
Kitāb al-mustalḥaq by Ibn Ǧanāḥ of Cordoba a critical edition, with an English translation, based on all the known Judaeo-Arabic manuscripts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Kitāb al-mustalḥaq is an addendum to the treatises on Hebrew morphology by Ḥayyūǧ, the most classic of the Andalusi works written during the caliphate of Cordoba and the benchmark for studies of the Hebrew language throughout the Arabic-speaking world during the medieval period. Kitāb al-mustalḥaq was composed in Zaragoza by Ibn Ǧanāḥ after the civil war was unleashed in Cordoba in 1013. This new edition includes an historical introduction, taking account of the major contributions from the twentieth century to the present day, a description of the methodology and contents of this treatise, a description of the manuscripts, and a glossary of terminology. This new edition shows how Ibn Ǧanāḥ updated his book until the end of his life"
20605 Development of Wearable Training Device with Parallel Link Mechanism

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Human arms or legs, by repeating inappropriate motion, even as it little by little, may cause serious disorders. In recent years, wearable motion amplification devices, to support human walk or sports training, are in development. However, these existing devices are only interested hi the large movement of the human body, and these device motions are simply. Therefore these device may cause the above such problems. This paper describes the development of a wearable wrist motion training device using the parallel link mechanism. Training device utilizes a shaft motor as an actuator. Therefore, this device is flexibility like fluid actuator, and can control easily like motor. The adoption of parallel link, it is possible to measure the motion of the wrist. In addition, it is possible to teach the details of articulation motion. In experiments, the teaching training of flexion-extension movement of the wrist joint are carried out using the training device, and has been confirmed that the motion has been properly taught to trainee.
New Dinuclear Palladium Phosphane Complexes Stabilised by 8‐Thiotheophylline

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The new purine derivatives SS‐bis‐8‐(thio)‐theophylline (8‐BTTH 2 ) and 8‐phenylthiotheophylline (8‐PhTTH), have been synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and standard spectroscopic measurements. Reaction of 8‐BTTH 2 with cis ‐[PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 ] leads to the formation of the binuclear palladium complex [Pd(PPh 3 )(μ‐Cl)(8‐TT)] 2 (8‐TTH 2 = 8‐thiotheophylline) in which PPh 3 ‐induced cleavage of the S−S bridge takes place. This complex reacts with pyridine to give a different dimeric palladium complex, [Pd(μ‐ S , N ‐8‐TT)(PPh 3 )Py] 2 , in which each of the two 8‐thio‐(theophylline) anions binds two metals through the N7 and S atoms. The process leading to the palladium complex has also been elucidated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Psychological aspects of the formation of communicative competence among graduates of medical universities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

One of the main competencies in the field of healthcare is the communicative competence of the individual. The profession of a doctor belongs to the activity of the subject-subject type (person-person), where interpersonal communication with patients and their relatives occupies a special place therefore, speaking about the communicative competence of a doctor as a professionally significant quality, we primarily mean the effectiveness of direct interpersonal communication [1]. At the same time, we note that the development of electronic means of communication allows us to talk about the tendency to reduce the role of direct interpersonal communication, as well as about the decrease of its component in the communicative competence of the individual, but, in our opinion, this applies to a lesser extent to the communicative competence of the doctor.
Implementation of Intermediate Image Processing for Video from Closed Circuit Television Cameras

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Surveillance cameras and CCTV cameras are crucial in the present day society. The installation of such cameras provides public safety and protection against theft and vandalism. Most surveillance camera doesn't have the capability to provide a clear footage. Therefore it has become a necessity to improve the quality of the video. The video processing provided in this paper would allow the user to get an enhanced quality video from a low quality video; this could be useful in identifying the perpetrator for the a fore known activities. Image processing is very important in ameliorating a raw image captured by a CMOS or CCD sensor. In this paper we have taken surveillance footage and extracted the frames from the video, each of these frames undergo automatic colour balance, interpolation on the filter which resides over the sensor, gamma correction. The enhanced images are then used to recreate the video. The video after processing gives an enhanced and a finer quality in the video. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB.
THE COMPOSITION OF MOUNDS OF THE TERMITE MACROTERMES FALCIGER (GERSTACKER) ON SOIL DERIVED FROM GRANITE IN THREE RAINFALL ZONES OF RHODESIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Thirty‐eight termite mounds (about 1.6 m high and 7.6 m basal diameter) and the same number of adjacent soils were sampled in three rainfall zones: low (below 700 mm annual rainfall), medium (700 to 1000 mm annual rainfall), and high (above 1000 mm annual rainfall). Higher amounts of clay, silt, and fine sand, and lower amounts of coarse sand occurred in termite mounds than in adjacent soils of all rainfall zones. Extractable cations (Ca, Mg, and K), calcium carbonate, pH, electrical conductivity, and organic carbon were also higher in termite mounds than adjacent soils of all rainfall zones. Wide differences in extractable calcium between termite mounds and adjacent soils of low and medium rainfall zones indicated weak leaching of termite mounds; narrow differences in the high rainfall zone indicated strong leaching of the mounds. The ‘umbrella effect’ of termite mounds in shedding rainfall and retarding leaching is clearly displayed in the medium rainfall zone where high concentrations of extractable calcium in termite mounds and low concentrations in adjacent soils indicate weak and strong leaching respectively.
Bacteriological Survey of Frozen Meat and Gravy Produced at Establishments Under Federal Inspection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

During visits to 34 federally inspected establishments producing frozen meat and gravy, 541 production line samples and 535 finished product units were collected for bacteriological analyses. It was found that more than 70% of the sets of finished product (10 units/set) produced under good manufacturing practices had: (i) four or fewer coliform-positive units, (ii) two or fewer Escherichia coli -positive units, (iii) three or fewer Staphylococcus aureus -positive units, and (iv) an aerobic plate count of fewer than 50,000/g (geometric mean of 10 units). All finished product units were negative for salmonellae.
Knotted lanugo in a newborn: Cultural practices revealed

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Across the world, there are varied cultural practices applied in the newborn period that pediatric dermatologists need to be familiar with. This report details a 9‐day‐old girl who presented with black, spike‐like hairs across the back after her mother had been rubbing breast milk on her back in a circular motion for the first 7 days of life. On dermatoscopic exam, these lesions were found to be tight bundles of lanugo hairs, consistent with a diagnosis of knotted lanugo. Improved understanding of cultural practices and newborn skin care routines is critical for diagnosis, treatment, and counseling.
On the Improvement of Procuratorial Supervision of Compulsory Medical Treatment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

after the criminal procedure law was revised, the compulsory medical treatment of mentally ill criminals is under judicial review procedure and the supervision of procuratorial organs. However, there is no law about supervision of compulsory medical treatment for mentally ill persons who doesn't commit a crime. From the forcing healthy into psychiatric hospitals cases these years, we can see most of these forcing to be mentally ill people were sent to psychiatric institutions for compulsory medical treatment by specific organs, their units or family members because of family disputes or conflicts with the unit and the others. Therefore, in order to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of who are under compulsory medical treatment and prevent the occurrence of forcing healthy into psychiatric hospitals phenomenon, we should improve the supervision of compulsory medical treatment. All the compulsory medical treatment, especially the implementation of compulsory medical treatment,should be under procuratorial supervision.
THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY IN STEMI- RELEVANCE IN CURRENT WORLD OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUNDCoronary artery disease is one of the most common non-communicable diseases in India, and acute myocardial infarction has been a leading cause of sudden death in many rural populations in a developing country like ours, where Cath Lab facilities are scarce.Thrombolytic therapy was a major interventional landmark in treatment of STEMI in such resource-crunched settings before the year 2000. MATERIALS AND METHODSIn this retrospective observational study, 120 cases of STEMI, treated with thrombolysis in a health care centre in rural part of northern Kerala, during the period of 15 years from 1991-2004, when Interventional Cardiology wasn't popular, were studied. RESULTSIt was noticed that 60 patients went on to survive on medical management alone, 30 required PTCA later in life and 10 required CABG later in life. CONCLUSIONWe conclude that thrombolytic therapy hasn't still lost its importance in a resource-crunched setting where Cath Lab facilities and coronary interventions are still not easily available.
Neuropsychological Interventions Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in a myriad of complex physical, cognitive, and emotional impairments that can disrupt individuals' capacity to live independently, to perform social and occupational roles successfully, and to attain their preinjury quality of life.1 These negative effects are rarely transient, and often persist for the remainder of a person's life, especially when he or she remains untreated. As a result, a relatively high rate of neuropsychiatric challenges are evident among individuals with TBI several years postinjury.2-4 Given the complexity and duration of the dif culties that are secondaryCONTENTS21.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 675 21.2 Neuropsychological Rehabilitation ............................................................................... 67621.2.1 Principles of Neuropsychological Rehabilitation ......................................... 676 21.2.2 From Isolation to Integration: The Evolution of ComprehensiveTreatment ............................................................................................................ 677 21.3 The Imminent Question: Is There Evidence That Cognitive Rehabilitation IsEffective? ........................................................................................................................... 678 21.4 Recurrent Themes in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation ......................................... 67821.4.1 The Dichotomy between Restorative and Compensatory Interventions ....... 679 21.4.2 The Selection of Appropriate Outcome Measures ........................................ 679 21.4.3 The Timing of the Intervention ....................................................................... 68221.5 Neuropsychological Interventions: Some Highlights ................................................ 682 21.5.1 Interventions for Cognition ............................................................................. 68221.5.1.1 Attention ............................................................................................ 682 21.5.1.2 Memory ..............................................................................................683 21.5.1.3 Executive Function ...........................................................................684
Spin canting in a Dy-based Single-Chain Magnet with dominant next-nearest neighbor antiferromagnetic interactions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate theoretically and experimentally the static magnetic properties of single crystals of the molecular-based Single-Chain Magnet (SCM) of formula [Dy(hfac)$_{3}$NIT(C$_{6}$H$_{4}$OPh)]$_{\infty}$ comprising alternating Dy$^{3+}$ and organic radicals. A peculiar inversion between maxima and minima in the angular dependence of the magnetic molar susceptibility $χ_{M}$ occurs on increasing temperature. Using information regarding the monomeric building block as well as an {\it ab initio} estimation of the magnetic anisotropy of the Dy$^{3+}$ ion, this anisotropy-inversion phenomenon can be assigned to weak one-dimensional ferromagnetism along the chain axis. This indicates that antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interactions between Dy$^{3+}$ ions dominate, despite the large Dy-Dy separation, over the nearest-neighbor interactions between the radicals and the Dy$^{3+}$ ions. Measurements of the field dependence of the magnetization, both along and perpendicularly to the chain, and of the angular dependence of $χ_{M}$ in a strong magnetic field confirm such an interpretation. Transfer matrix simulations of the experimental measurements are performed using a classical one-dimensional spin model with antiferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange interaction and non-collinear uniaxial single-ion anisotropies favoring a canted antiferromagnetic spin arrangement, with a net magnetic moment along the chain axis. The fine agreement obtained with experimental data provides estimates of the Hamiltonian parameters, essential for further study of the dynamics of rare-earths based molecular chains.
Post-neonatal infant deaths in the Auckland Hospital Board area 1972.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study has been made of the final, and contributory, causes of post-neonatal deaths in the Auckland Hospital Board area for 1972. There was a high rate of deaths from infection. Maori infants died from pneumonia at a rate 28 times that of european infants. Prevention of these infant deaths will need improvement in parent recognition of illness, medical practitioner availability and training, and hospital facilities.
Partial breast irradiation or whole breast radiotherapy for early breast cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CRA532 Background: The purpose of the study was to compare treatment outcomes in patients with breast cancer treated with partial breast irradiation and of those treated with whole breast radiation therapy. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published. Randomized clinical trials comparing partial breast irradiation versus whole breast radiation therapy. Primary outcome was overall survival and secondary outcomes were locoregional, distant and supraclavicular recurrences. Results: A search of the literature identified 3 trials with pooled total of 1,140 patients. We found no statistically significant difference between partial and whole breast radiation arms associated with death (OR 0.912, 95% CI 0.674–1.234, p = 0.550), distant metastasis (OR 0.740, 95% CI, 0.506–1.082, p = 0.120), or supraclavicular recurrences (pooled OR 1.415, 95% CI 0.278–7.202, p = 0.560). However, partial breast irradiation was statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of both local (pooled OR 2.150, 95% CI, 1.396–3.312; p = 0.001) and regional disease recurrences (pooled OR 3.430, 95% CI, 2.058–5.715; p < 0.0001) compared with whole breast radiation. Conclusions: Partial breast irradiation does not jeopardize survival and may be used as an alternative to whole breast radiation. Nevertheless, the issue of locoregional recurrence needs to be further addressed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.