jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Perceived barriers and facilitating factors to positive mental health and engagement with support services for young offenders – A systematic literature review

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Aim(s): This systematic review aims to provide an overview of evidence regarding the link between offending and mental health difficulties, before focusing upon young people’s (YP’s), parents’ and professionals’ experiences of mental health provision. Method/Rationale: Within the literature there is a wealth of quantitative research focused upon the needs of young offenders (YOs); however, less weighting is given to individuals’ perspectives. Consequently, this paper aims to explore how mental health provision is experienced by those in the system. Four databases were included in the systematic search (PsychINFO (1806 to present), EBSCO, ERIC, and ProQuest) and seven papers were selected, published between 2004 and 2016. Findings: Findings indicate that barriers to help-seeking include: stigma, self-reliance, lack of trust, poor relationships, perceived lack of control and poor emotional literacy. Accessibility of social support was identified as a facilitating factor, alongside non-judgemental, trustworthy professionals with sound knowledge of YP’s developmental and mental health needs. Limitations: This paper outlines a small-scale systematic literature review including seven qualitative papers; therefore, findings cannot be generalised to the wider population of YOs. Conclusions: Results support a contextualised understanding of YOs’ experience of mental health provision. Findings are expected to support the development of effective mental health strategies for young offenders in the future. Implications for professional practice are considered alongside recommendations for the role of Educational Psychologists (EPs).
The influence of the Education of early Protestant missionaries on the Modernization of Korea

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

개항과 함께 이 땅에 들어온 개신교 선교사들에 의해 설립된 학교는 가난하고 억눌린 사람들에게 개방되었다. 선교사들이 학교를 설립한 목적은 교육을 통해 기독교 문화를 확장시킬 뿐 아니라 기독교 지도자를 양성시키려는데 있었다. 선교사를 통해서 마을마다 교회가 설립되면 한국교회 교인들은 그 교회 부설기관으로 사립학교를 운영하였다. 학교마다 성경을 가르치는 일은 필수적이었으며, 매일 실시하는 채플도 이들에게는 필수였다. 기독교 문화가 점차로 한국인 사이에서 인정받게 되자 자녀들을 서서히 개신교 학교에 보내는 일이 많아지기 시작했다. 또한 개신교 학교에서 교육받는 과정에서 올바른 민족관이 확립되었으며, 성경을 배우는 과정에서 이스라엘 백성이 하나님의 인도하심을 받아 해방되어 가는 과정을 역력히 눈으로 볼 수 있었다. 이러한 일들은 1919년 3월 1일 독립운동을 통해서 확인할 수 있는 기회가 되기도 했다.BR 내한선교사들에 의해 보급된 서구식 교육은 서양의 진보된 문화가 조선에 소개되는 통로가 되어 오늘의 한국 근현대화에 상당한 기여를 하였다. 특히 선교사들의 교육활동은 배재, 이화, 경신학교들을 비롯한 많은 학교들이 세워지면서 고등교육기관으로까지 발전하여 한국의 근현대적인 지식인들을 육성하는데 지대한 영향을 미쳤다. 내한 선교사들은 교회와 학교를 통해 가르치면서 여성들의 사회적 지위와 신분의 향상으로 인한 남녀평등과 한글의 보급, 천민의 신분해방 등에 크게 기여하였다. 나아가 선교사들에 의해 전파된 기독교와 교육을 통한 가르침은 우리나라 정치 경제의 근본이 되는 자유민주주의와 자본주의의 발전에도 크게 기여하였다.
Genome-wide selection signature analysis identified new candidate genes for the teat number in three distinct strains of Large White pigs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The number of teats is a critical reproductive trait in sows, exerting a direct impact on the survival rate of weaned piglets. Existing studies on selection signals associated with teat numbers in different strains of Large White pigs are scarce. We performed selection signal detection on three distinct strains of Large White pigs with 16 or more nipples: the French CG (Choice Genetics), the French Cooperl, and the Dutch Topigs. Our goal was to identify pivotal candidate genes contributing to the higher nipple count in Large White pigs. A comprehensive analysis, including CLR (Composite Likelihood Ratio), iHS (integrated haplotype score), and nSL (number of segregating sites by length) methods, alongside XP-EHH (Cross-population Extended Haplotype Homozygosity), was undertaken to identify genetic positive selection signatures in Large White pigs. Through our analysis, we identified six key candidate genes in the CG Large White pigs: DPP6, COL22A1, TRPC7, PROX1, ROR2, and ABCG1. In the Cooperl Large White pigs, the key candidate genes were PPARA, TRPC7, and NR3C1. In the Topigs Large White pigs, the key candidate genes were DOCK1, PCM1, and MRTFA. Among the aforementioned genes, PCM1 and DOCK1 have been identified as correlated with the number of teats in pigs, while TRPC7, DOCK1, and MRTFA have shown a significant link with teat number based on PheWAS (Phenome-wide association study) analysis. Our findings show that multiple genes associated with teat development in Large White pigs have experienced significant selection pressure throughout the breeding program. These results deepen our understanding of the progress in breeding Large White pigs and provide a valuable framework for their continued selection.
The Exploration of Semiotics in Film to Convey Moral Massage in Bintang Jatuh Short Fiction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Andre Bazin once said in his book that human has a tendency to preserve a life in a form of statuary or in any kind of forms. The invention by Auguste and Lumiere of the moving picture is a point where moving picture is regarded as the perfect form of expression and representation of life, not only it captures the reality as a whole, but also gives the creator space to manipulate. Moving pictures grows and develops into cinema and not merely just a preservation of life, rather it is an expression of the reality in a form of art as new medium of communication. The civilization that we live now is almost impossible to imagine without the contribution of the internet that created many platforms that allows us to share parts of our life. Big platforms like Instagram and YouTube creates a worldwide sensation such as 'influencer' in which a person who has the power to affects their audience mainly for marketing purpose. The level of the influence mostly determined by the numbers of the followers. In some cases, parents are tempted to share their children activity in social media to showcase their children. However, in some occasion children are unwillingly to share their private life. This action could lead to child exploitation even abusing the children for the sake of fame and fortune. Bintang Jatuh is a short fiction that reflects the society's behavior towards social media more specifically the sensation created by influencers which is known as 'selebgram' in Indonesia. Besides, becoming an influencer does not have an age restriction, hence everyone can be an influencer. Child influencer, which sparks a lot of criticism on the style of parenting todays. Many accuse the parents of exploiting their own children by gaining profits from sharing their children's photo and video online. The case goes deeper than just sharing photos or videos, public questioning the effectiveness of parental control to protect their children's privacy online.
The U.S. sugar program versus bilateral and multilateral trade liberalization

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the tensions that exist between maintaining the U.S. sugar program and liberalizing the U.S. sugar market in bilateral, regional, and multilateral agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement, the Free Trade Area of the Americas, the United States-Central American Free Trade Agreement, the United States-Australia Free Trade Agreement, and the Doha Development Agenda. The paper focuses on the effects on the U.S. sugar program of moving to a common market with Mexico and of providing additional access to sugar-producing nations under an FTAA, CAFTA, AFTA, and the DDA. The discussion serves to provide a clear example of the predicament in which the United States finds itself between maintaining protection on import sensitive commodities all-the-while negotiating for removal of protection on export oriented commodities. The Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model is employed to assess the effects of trade liberalization on the U.S. economy under varying liberalization scenarios for sugar. The simulation results suggest that free sugar imports from some countries would be beneficial to the U.S. economy as a whole. Under free sugar imports, the prices of sugar crops and refined sugar would decline. If farm prices were insulated from free imports by price supports, the welfare gains to the U.S. economy would increase in some cases. The results suggest, however, that the wider the coverage of free imports, the more difficult it would be to sustain price supports.
PifPaf: Composite Fields for Human Pose Estimation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a new bottom-up method for multi-person 2D human pose estimation that is particularly well suited for urban mobility such as self-driving cars and delivery robots. The new method, PifPaf, uses a Part Intensity Field (PIF) to localize body parts and a Part Association Field (PAF) to associate body parts with each other to form full human poses. Our method outperforms previous methods at low resolution and in crowded, cluttered and occluded scenes thanks to (i) our new composite field PAF encoding fine-grained information and (ii) the choice of Laplace loss for regressions which incorporates a notion of uncertainty. Our architecture is based on a fully convolutional, single-shot, box-free design. We perform on par with the existing state-of-the-art bottom-up method on the standard COCO keypoint task and produce state-of-the-art results on a modified COCO keypoint task for the transportation domain.
Spatio-temporal analysis of Campylobacter incidence in Israel, 1999–2010

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TPS 751: Farms, antibiotics, infections, Exhibition Hall, Ground floor, August 26, 2019, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Background/Aim: campylobacter species have emerged as leading bacterial causes of gastroenteritis and foodborne infections in developed countries. The incidence-rate in Israel, one of the highest world-wide, increased from 31:100,000 to 91 during 1999–2010. We aimed to explore the effect of spatio-ecological factors (e.g. socio-economic-status (ses)) and time-spatial factors (e.g. ambient temperature) on the infection incidence in Israel; and to pinpoint areas with increased risks. Methods: data on 35,542 incident cases was provided by the reference laboratories of the Israeli ministry of health for the period 1999-2010. Case characteristics included isolate date, species identification (c. jejuni or c. coli), age and street-address that was geo-coded into spatial areas. The spatio-temporal study unit was region (1,824 units)* season (48 seasons). we calculated the standardized incidence ratio, adjusted for age-group and nationality, for each study unit and applied bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal models to estimate relative risk (rr) and 95%ci for the ecological determinants (ses, temperature, population-density and altitude) and for mapping disease risk. Results: we found significant effects of ses, altitude, population-density and temperature on campylobacter infection risk. For ses, rr was 1.107 (95%ci=1.062-1.153, standardized values -3 to +3), for altitude rr was 1.14 (95%ci=1.11-1.15 for 100 meters), for population-density rr was 0.881 (95%ci=0.860- 0.904, log), and for temperature rr was 1.025 (95%ci=1.013-1.038, for 10c). Across seasons, the higher risk was found in the spring (RR=1.150, 95%ci=1.061, 1.241, compared to winter). Among the six Israeli districts, the highest risk was found in the southern district showing increased risk in many regions throughout the year. In Haifa district (northern-israel), unlike other districts, there were a few regions with very high risks and the rest without an increased risk. Conclusions: campylobacter infection in Israel is multifactorial and associated with environmental factors. The finding of a spatio-temporal ambient-temperature effect should be considered in climate-change adaptation strategies.
Characterization of pig skin microbiome and appraisal as an in vivo subcutaneous injection model

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Pig skin is commonly used in the medical industry as an injection model due to its compelling physiological affinity to human skin. However, the pig neck skin microflora remains largely uncharacterized, which may have undesirable implications for the translatability of results to humans. This study aimed to characterize pig neck skin microbiome with direct comparison with human skin microflora at emblematic injection sites to appraise its suitability as an injection model. Ten minipigs were sampled with tape strips and swabs and analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and 16S/ITS high throughput sequencing and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results were directly compared with previous investigations of human injection sites. Pig skin was dominated by phyla 94.8% Firmicutes, 3% Proteobacteria, and 2.2% Actinobacteria. Staphylococcus spp. prevailed (44.4%) at the genus level with S. capitis and S. chromogenes present in all samples. Pig skin revealed populations in the 10 4 colony-forming units (CFU)/cm 2 range with 3% identified as Gram-negative and increased alpha diversity (compared with 10 2 CFU/cm 2 and 10% in humans). While notable taxonomical differences on species levels were seen, pig skin encompassed 97.1% of genera found in human samples. The increased population and variation found support the pig neck as an imperfect but fidelitous subcutaneous injection model that can adequately challenge devices from a microbial standpoint.
The Effect of Exogenous Shocks on Participation Index of Borsa Istanbul: Permanent or Temporary?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

<p>This study investigates the effects of exogenous shocks on Participation 30 Index that published by Borsa Istanbul using daily data during the period from 06.01.2011 to 31.08.2015. Using the Zivot-Andrews and Fourier unit root tests the stationarity of the series is tested. Since series is found to be non-linear KSS unit root test is applied. The results suggest that the series has unit root we conclude that in case there is an exogenous shock its impact on Participation 30 Index will be permanent.</p>
/sup 226/Ra and /sup 228/Ra in water supplies

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

An early objective of this study was to develop a method for predicting the concentration of radium in well waters based on the well's location, the details of its construction, and the geological structures it penetrates. However, as in Aurora, Ill., /sup 226/Ra concentrations ranging from 3.8 to 18 pCi/L were found for wells of nearly identical construction located within relatively short distances from each other. Even larger deviations were found for comparisons among cities. The /sup 228/Ra concentration was determined in 140 of these samples and ranged from 0.3 to 32 pCi/L. Data obtained by other investigators in Iowa put the median /sub 228/Ra to /sup 226/Ra ratio at 0.64. Regression analysis, however, does not suggest any meaningful correlation of /sup 228/Ra and /sup 226/Ra. Because high concentrations of /sup 228/Ra have been found in areas with low /sup 226/Ra concentrations and /sup 228/Ra is not detected by gross-alpha analysis, it appears that a large-scale survey of /sup 228/Ra in water is needed.
Ceramic phononic crystals with MHz-range frequency band gaps

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Robocasting is an additive manufacturing method, which is capable of fabricating microarchitectured \nscaffolds, consisting of periodically repeating thin ceramic rods in various spatial arrangements. Fully \nsintered ceramic scaffolds are obtained by a combination of layer-by-layer 3D printing and subsequent \npresureless spark plasma sintering of the printed green ceramic bodies. Due to the complex structures with \neasily tunable geometric parameters, phononic crystals can be fabricated by the robocasting method. In this \ncontribution, elastic and acoustic properties of the robocast silicon carbide scaffold are shown, utilizing a \ncombination of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy measurement and finite element modeling. The scaffold is \nhighly anisotropic in elastic properties, which leads to a strong acoustic energy focusing along the principal \naxes of the silicon carbide rods. Moreover, frequency band gaps in MHz range are detected by measur-ing \nlongitudinal wave transmission, which is compared with a theoretical prediction by the finite element \nmodeling.
Some Followers of Wittgenstein

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the last few years a number of writers have applied Wittgenstein's concepts of 'form of life' and 'language-game' to religion. If they were just saying that religion involves certain activities and that it plays a particular role in human life, this would be uncontroversial — though none the less true and important. But their main purpose has been to attack what they regard as misguided demands for a justification of religious belief. They have gone beyond Wittgenstein both in applying his ideas generally to religion and in their treatment of the issues of religious truth and justification. In this chapter I shall examine their work and subject it to some criticism. But I think that we shall thereby clarify the relationship between religion and language-games, and also gain some insight into the kind of justification which may legitimately be sought for religious beliefs.
Saving the Unloved: The J. Edgar Hoover FBI Building and Brutalist Preservation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Brutalist buildings have long been derided by critics as harsh, aesthetically displeasing, and relics of a misguided approach to design. By the early twenty-first century, it had become clear that many of such buildings were under threat. A score of preservation losses led to the demolition of many well-known, if disliked, concrete modernist buildings. However, a preservation movement to save Brutalism, emerging out of the larger effort to save modernism, had developed and devoted significant resources toward advocacy. Further, indiscriminate use of the term “Brutalism” masked a more complex history and served as only another obstacle for preservationists. Such sentiment was not apparent as the J. Edgar Hoover FBI Building in Washington, D.C. appeared to be destined for demolition. When the FBI announced in summer 2014 plans to vacate the building, it seemed a foregone conclusion, including among many preservationists, that the building would be torn down. Designed by Stanislaw Gladych and Carter Manny Jr. and their project team at C.F. Murphy & Associates in the 1960s, the FBI Building was supposed to be a crowning achievement of the President’s Council on Pennsylvania Avenue, led by architect Nathaniel Owings, and a keystone of the redevelopment of the street. Instead, a lengthy design review process with the Commission of Fine Arts and a host of concessions to the security demands of the FBI resulted in a product that ultimately satisfied none of the parties involved and seemed compromised—in other words, architecture designed by committee—before the building opened. Questions had circulated since the mid-1970s about the appropriateness of the building in Washington architecture. Much of this criticism failed to account for the breadth of the collection of other concrete modernist, or Brutalist, public buildings of the period. In form, scale, and material, federal architecture of the 1960s communicated through a common architectural language a postwar confidence in the ability of the government to solve societal problems. As a product of a mid-twentieth century search for a “new federal architecture,” the FBI Building merits recognition and advocacy, and could be altered to mitigate its harsher qualities.
A low-Noise front-end with beamsteering capability at 35 GHz

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel implementation of a 35-GHz front-end for beamsteering applications. The achieved low noise figure of only 2.5 dB enables reception of very low-power signals. The 35-GHz input signal is downconverted to 5 GHz. A controllable phase shift is added by utilizing an injection locked voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) to drive the mixer. The phase noise of the local oscillator's signal is reduced by using a cavity reference oscillator with very low phase noise for locking the VCO. A highly compact prototype has been build on RT/Duroid epsiv r = 10.2 substrate and serves as test case for a future LTCC implementation.
A requiem for the `primitive'

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article argues that the implications of the recent eclipse of the construct of the `primitive' for the practice of the human sciences have not been adequately pondered. It asks, therefore, why and how the myth of primitiveness has been sustained by the human sciences, and what purposes it has served for the modern West's self-understanding. To attempt to answer such a query, the article pursues two principal lines of inquiry. In order to appreciate what is potentially being lost, the space that may be closing up as a result of the death of the `primitive', the first part of the article strives to demonstrate the latter's significance for the self-critique of modern ways of thinking and acting by historiographically reconstructing its changing roles within and representations by the human sciences. In the second section, it is contended that the eclipse of primitiveness has created a potentially problematic situation for the human sciences, since the cross-cultural mode of critique cultivated through this myth risks being neglected in a post-`primitive' age. All in all, then, the article claims that continued engagement with cultural alterity is essential for the human sciences after primitiveness, and that such an engagement can be sustained by an understanding of the different ways in which the `primitive' has been defined and has functioned over the course of the modern era.
Antiepileptic Drug Dosage Forms and Administration Guidelines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract In this chapter, dosage forms, starting dose, titration schedule, maintenance dose, dose limits, and discontinuation schedule of each antiepileptic drug (AED) are discussed separately. In addition, signiﬁcant administration guidelines, contraindications, precautions, and information for patients are discussed brieﬂy. Indications for each of AEDs are discussed in Chapter 5. Choose an AED that is appropriate for the seizure type and epilepsy syndrome. Because there often are several good options, choose the speciﬁc agent based on comorbidity, potential side effects, need to consider teratogenic effects, and pharmacological properties.
Feeding practices and availability of storage space for feed and fodder in Gaushalas of Haryana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present investigation was carried out to study the existing feeding practices and its storage space in Gaushalas. The data collected from 30 Gaushalas were divided into three categories: small (T1), medium (T2) and large size (T3) Gaushalas. The obtained finding showed that the availability of green fodders was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T3 Gaushalas as compared to T1 Gaushalas.The concentrate mixture was offered to milch cow was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T3 Gaushalas (1.65±0.11 kg/cow) as compared to T2 and T1 Gaushalas (1.29±0.10 and 0.70±0.12). Percentage of shortfall of storage space for dry fodders was highest in T1 Gaushala (-57.29%,) while percentage of shortfall of storage space for concentrate mixture was higher in T3 Gausalas (-30.61%) than T2Gaushalas (-16.90%). It could be concluded that the better feeding practices and also better availability of storage facilities (dry fodder) is present in T3 Gaushalas.