jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Israel refuses amnesty for dying physician

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

coagulant treatment may have differed in some (perhaps complex) way.The protective effect of hospital 6 did not relate to any single factor.While thromboembolic prophylaxis is no panacea, our results suggest that it is associated with reduced deaths from pulmonary embolism.Complacent reliance on anticoagulant treatment-or, for that matter, any drug or procedure-should be avoided.Hospital 6, which among other things routinely used pharmacological anticoagulant prophylaxis (although 14% of this hospital's patients did not receive it), had a much lower 90 day mortality.No single variable (including prophylaxis) explained this, and our audit generated rather than tested hypotheses.We trust that hypotheses generated by the correspondents will be put to the test so that mortality can be reduced and patients' care improved.Clearly, something can be learnt from the package of care at hospital 6. Readers should focus on why differences in mortality occurred among centres and not be distracted by the issue of thromboembolic prophylaxis, a disputed subject that our study was not designed to address.We agree that more detailed and larger scale studies of both prophylaxis and outcome after hip fracture are needed.
Development of Learning Media Video Interactive Basic Motion Volleyball Game by Edpuzzle

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The quality of education is significantly influenced by the implementation of high-quality learning processes by teachers, supported by technology, to prepare an advanced and excellent younger generation towards the Golden Years. Integrating technology-based media, such as Edpuzzle, into educational materials can enhance the learning experience. This study explores the application of Edpuzzle in teaching volleyball to improve educational outcomes. The research employs the Research and Development (RD) ADDIE model, which encompasses five phases: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This comprehensive approach involves collaboration with media experts and subject matter experts to ensure the quality and relevance of the developed educational media. The study resulted in the creation of an interactive multimedia learning product using the EdPuzzle application for volleyball materials. This product incorporates various multimedia elements, including videos, sound, text, images, and questions, structured in a way that follows educational syntax such as material concepts and activity phases. The effectiveness of this product was assessed through user reviews from students, who gave it an average score of 93.8%, categorizing it as excellent. The findings indicate that the EdPuzzle-based interactive multimedia learning product is highly effective in teaching volleyball. The high user review score suggests that students find this method of learning enjoyable and beneficial. The multimedia elements and interactive features likely contribute to a more engaging and efficient learning experience. The research concludes that the EdPuzzle-based interactive multimedia learning product is feasible and effective as a learning resource for volleyball materials. This technology-enhanced approach not only improves the quality of education but also makes the learning process more enjoyable and efficient. Therefore, it can be recommended for broader use in educational settings to support the development of an advanced and excellent younger generation.
Obstructive sleep apnoea caused by a pleomorphic adenoma: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

\n\tBackground:Sleep apnoea syndrome is a condition characterised by excessive daytime somnolence, hyp-nagogic hallucinations, personality and sexual behaviour changes and hypertension. Most commonly, sleep apnoea syndrome is secondary to upper airway obstruction as a result of intermittent hypotonia of the soft palate and tongue musculature. In rare occasions, obstructive sleep apnoea can result from anatomical abnormalities such as a mass in the upper aerodigestive tract.1 \n \n\tCase summary:A 40 year old gentleman was referred in view of obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms. On ex-amination, a large right sided lesion was seen in the oropharynx. Further investigations with flexible nasoendoscopy, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imagings (MRI) of the neck were carried out which confirmed a large mass most likely arising from the right tonsillar bed. Surgical excision was carried out via a transoral approach. Histology was re-ported as pleomorphic adenoma. \n \n\tConclusion:It is widely accepted that management for obstructive sleep apnoea involves treating the un-derlying cause together with conservative and lifestyle measures are adopted initially. The majority of patients do not require surgery but a thorough assessment, including the upper aerodigestive tract, should be carried out to exclude rare causes of obstructive sleep apnoea.2
Micro- and Macroscale Damage Detection Using the Nonlinear Acoustic Vibro-Modulation Technique

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Subjected to in-service and environmental loads, even relatively new structural components may reveal signs of microscopic deterioration. Very often, this initial damage further progresses into meso- and macroscales leading to development of one or several macrocracks that cause ultimate structural failure. Although the onset of macroscale cracking can be reliably detected by modern NDE methodologies, there is an increasing need for inspection technologies that may allow for assessing structural damage at a wide range of scales, i.e., from micro to macro. This article explores application of the nonlinear acoustic vibro-modulation technique (VMT) to incipient damage detection and monitoring. The nonlinear acoustic detection of the macroscopic damage is illustrated with examples: inspection of the cast aluminum automotive parts and testing of the aging aircraft fuselage. The microscale damage assessment is realized by real-time monitoring of the acoustic nonlinearity in the strain controlled three-point-bending fatigue test. In the experiment, a stable increase of the nonlinear response during specimen fatigue was observed indicating early damage accumulation before the macroscopic fracture. Keywords: damage detectionmicro-scale damagenondestructivenonlinear acousticsprognosisstructural health monitoring ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Authors would like to acknowledge financial support of NAVAIR (program manager Dr. Vinod S. Agarwala) and help of Dr. Hudson Wu and Mr. Stanislav Stoupin in experimental testing. Notes ∗Now at New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology.
Co-ordination chemistry of CuI with 1,3,5-tris[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aminomethyl]-2,4,6-triethylbenzene, a conformationally constrained trinucleating ligand

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The new ligand 1,3,5-tris[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aminomethyl]-2,4,6-triethylbenzene (L) was prepared from 1,3,5-tris(bromomethyl)-2,4,6-triethylbenzene (TriBr) and bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine. In the crystal state TriBr adopts a conformation with the substituents alternately pointing to opposite sides of the plane of the benzene ring. Compound L adopts a similar conformation. With its donor sets thus coming together on the same side of the benzene ring I, can co-ordinate three copper(I) species in a defined and close proximity. This is illustrated by the crystal structures of L, [(CuI)(3)L] and [(CuNCMe)(3)L][PF6](3). The electrochemical interdependence of the copper centres in [(CuI)(3)L] and [(CuBr)(3)L] has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. With weaker and harder terminal ligands such as acetonitrile the [(Cu3L)-L-I](3+) species in CH2Cl2 are liable to oxidation by the solvent to give (CuCl+)-Cl-II species. In one such degradation product L co-ordinates besides an isolated Cu-I, a Cu-I and a Cu-II bridged by a single chloride. The Cu-II is further co-ordinated by an oxygen from a perchlorate anion. From the reaction of only two equivalents of [Cu(NCMe)(4)]BF4 with L a dinuclear compound was obtained, in which both copper atoms experience a distorted trigonal co-ordination from three pyridine nitrogen atoms each.
Canadian Fire Weather System - WRF/NOA

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Canadian FWI System (Van Wagner, 1987) is a sub-system of the Canadian Fire Danger Rating System (Stocks et al., 1989), comprised of five components that consider the effects of fuel moisture and wind on fire behavior. The first three components, called fuel moisture codes, are numeric ratings of (1) the moisture content of surface litter and other fine fuels (fine fuel moisture code; FFMC), (2) the average moisture content of loosely compacted organic material (duff moisture code; DMC), and (3) the average moisture content of deep layers of organic material (drought code; DC). The remaining two components are related to fire behavior and spread: (1) the initial spread index (ISI), which represents the rate of spread, and (2) the build-up index (BUI), which represents the potential fuel availability. The above five parameters are finally combined for computing the fire weather index (hereafter referred to as the FWI), which represents the intensity of a spreading fire per unit length of fire front and is used as an indicator of fire danger. Computation of the Canadian Fire Weather System components was carried out using 12 UTC meteorological data extracted from high-resolution (~12 km) WRF simulations, focussing on the Euro-Mediterranean region. These data include the 24 h accumulated precipitation (mm), 2 m air temperature (oC) and relative humidity (%), and 10 m wind speed (km h-1). It should be noted that normally, FWI is computed using meteorological data at 12 local time. The use of the 12 UTC data in our study is dictated by the fact that the Euro-Mediterranean encompasses different time zones (e.g. Bedia et al., 2012, 2018; Herrera et al., 2013). Details: File format: netcdf4 Coordinate system: World Geodetic System 1984 (also known as WGS 1984, EPSG:4326) Longitude range: [-9.91, +36.4] Latitude range: [+32.1, +48.93] Temporal resolution: 1 day (at 12 UTC) Spatial resolution: 0.12 degrees (~12 Km) Spatial coverage: Euro-Mediterranean Time span: May 1 to September 30, for the years 1987-2016 Stream: Regional climate simulations (driven by the WRF model)
Hemorrhagic disease and thrombosis : advances in diagnosis and medical treatment.1.Fundamental matters for diagnosis.3.Mechanism of blood coagulation and problems.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

分子生物学的手法の導入による血液凝固機序の解明は目覚ましく,各種凝血因子や派生物質を分子マーカーとして把握する.血液有形成分,凝血因子は血管内皮上に関連しつつ止血血栓現象を惹起する。注目されている諸点はparadoxical phenomen, vW病,抗凝固療法でのINR,抗リン脂質抗体症候群および凝血活性型酵素とその阻害物質との複合体の意義などである.
Microstructure and mechanical behavior of radicular and coronal dentin

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Fracture of root‐filled teeth is not uncommon and appears to be a complex function of both the treatment and the patient's oral regimen. However, there have been few studies aimed at understanding the intrinsic mechanical behavior of dentin and its relevance to the incidence of these fractures. In addition, there has been some controversy over whether the fracture of root‐filled teeth is attributed primarily to loss of tooth structure or if there are other contributing factors. A comprehensive understanding of the structure and mechanical behavior of dentin is of substantial importance to the success of endodontic therapy. Specifically, the importance of fatigue on tooth fractures and the resistance of tissues to both the initiation and propagation of cracks have received scant attention. As well, regional variations in these properties and the contribution of changes in microstructure to the fatigue and fracture behavior are not well understood. This article reviews the importance of microstructure on the mechanical behavior of dentin and compares the mechanical properties of tissue from the root and crown. Also, the changes in microstructure with aging are discussed as well as their importance to the incidence of tooth fracture.
Effects of amount and type of social interaction/activity on stereotyped hand mannerisms in individuals with Rett Syndrome

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Stereotyped hand mannerisms are a defining characteristic of Rett syndrome. This study examined the effects of social interaction/activity on the frequency of stereotyped hand mannerisms in seven individuals with Rett syndrome. The percentage of 15 s intervals with stereotyped hand mannerisms was recorded during repeated 10 min sessions under two conditions in an ABAB reversal design. The High Social Interaction/ Activity condition occurred during a mealtime when the individuals also received high levels of social interaction from a staff person. In the second, Low Social Interaction condition, a staff person was present but did not interact with the individual and no activities were presented. The trend was for more Stereotypic hand movement in the Low Social Interaction/Activity condition. However, there was a considerable amount of individual and within condition variability. The results suggest a need for individual assessment in order to develop educational interventions to attenuate stereotyped hand mannerisms in persons with Rett syndrome.
An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Effects of Smoking on Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Resistivity Index Among Current Smokers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aim was to assess the structural and hemodynamic effects of smoking on the common carotid arteries (CCAs) in current smokers from Himachal Pradesh. In addition, it was important to determine any association between smoking duration, frequency, pack-years, and the occurrence of common carotid atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: The study evaluated 50 current smokers for common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), plaque presence, and resistive index (RI) with sonography. The findings were compared with 50 healthy control patients, who had never smoked. Results: A positive association was observed between smoking and an increase in CIMT ( P = .001) and occurrence of plaques ( P = .007), with substantially higher mean CIMT values in smokers above 45 years ( P < .05) in both genders ( P < .05). No difference in overall RI was seen in both groups taken as a whole, while higher RI values ( P < .05) were noticed in smokers exclusively above 60 years. A positive association was noted between smoking frequency, pack-years, and an increase in CIMT, RI, and occurrence of plaques. For every unit increase in the number of pack-years and smoking duration, there was a 0.01 unit increase in CIMT among the current smokers. Conclusion: This research provides evidence that smoking has a structural impact on CIMT while its hemodynamic effect is still unclear.
Tropical anvil characteristics and water vapor of the tropical tropopause layer: Impact of heterogeneous and homogeneous freezing parameterizations

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Two isolated deep convective clouds (DCCs) that developed in clean‐humid and polluted‐dry air masses, observed during the Tropical Pacific Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP‐ICE) and U.K. Aerosol and Chemical Transport in Tropical Convection (ACTIVE) campaigns, respectively, are simulated using a three‐dimensional cloud‐resolving model with size‐resolved aerosol and cloud microphysics. We examine the impacts of different homogeneous and immersion freezing parameterizations on the anvil characteristics and the water vapor content (WVC) in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) for the two DCCs that developed in contrasting environments. The modeled cloud properties such as liquid/ice water path and precipitation generally agree with the available radar and satellite retrievals and in situ aircraft measurements. We find that anvil microphysical properties such as ice number concentration and ice effective radius ( r ei ) are sensitive to the homogeneous freezing parameterizations (HomFPs) under both the clean‐humid and polluted‐dry conditions, while upper level convection and WVC in the TTL air are only sensitive to HomFPs under the polluted‐dry condition. Specifically, the cloud anvil with the Koop et al. (2000) relative humidity dependent scheme has up to 50% and 70% lower ice number than those with other schemes (temperature dependent) for the clean‐humid and polluted‐dry cases, respectively. Consequently, the r ei is increased by 20–30 μ m in both cases. As a result, extinction coefficient of cloud anvils is reduced by over 30%. Anvil size and evolution are also much affected by HomFPs. Higher immersion‐freezing rate (Bigg, 1953) leads to a stronger convective cloud due to larger latent heat release resulted from much higher freezing rates, with larger ice water path but less precipitation in both humid and dry conditions. Consequently, the domain‐averaged homogeneous freezing rates are enhanced by over 15%. Also, the higher immersion‐freezing rate results in over 1.5 times higher ice number concentrations, much reduced r ei in the cloud anvil, and larger anvil size. The moistening effect of deep convection on the TTL clear air is very significant, with increases of a few times relative to the WVC before convection under both humid and dry conditions. Different HomFPs does not make much difference in WVC and upper level convection in the clean‐humid case, but in the polluted‐dry case, the HomFPs with lower nucleation rates predict about 25% lower WVC relative to the HomFPs with higher nucleation rates. Under both humid and dry conditions, the Bigg (1953) immersion freezing predicts about 25% higher WVC relative to the Vali (1975) parameterization, due to stronger transport and the larger anvil area in the domain.
Seismic analysis according of reinforced concrete structures according to HRN ENV 1998 and EN 1998

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

U ovom radu se uspoređuju proracunski spektri odgovora pri djelovanja potresa, dobiveni prema hrvatskoj normi (HRN ENV 1998) i europskoj normi (EN 1998), a za proracun armirano-betonskih zgrada. Proracunski spektri odgovora pri djelovanju potresa prema HRN ENV 1998 i EN 1998 dobiveni su za razlicite faktore ponasanja, odnosno za pojedine vrste konstrukcija: okvirne sustave, zidne sustave i sustave s jezgrom. Rezultati su prikazani za: (1) pojedine seizmicke zone, odnosno projektna ubrzanja tla (2) za odgovarajuce razrede tla i (3) za razrede niske, srednje i visoke duktilnosti a-b konstrukcija zgrada.
The Belt and Road Initiative and Globalization: The Perspective of Globalization-Constituting Theory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

- Because the Belt and Road Initiative was proposed by only one country—China, most of previous studies have adopted a state-centered economic perspective to understand it. However, this perspective is inadequate to grasp this project that is designed to involve actors other than nation-states in at least 60 countries. This paper tries to comprehend the Initiative from the globalization perspective. After proposing a globalization-constituting theory, this paper argues that the Belt and Road Initiative should be considered as part of the globalization-constituting process, because even though it is launched mainly by China, the Belt and Road Initiative has global relevance and involves multiple agents at multiple levels, and its contents are consistent with the structural tendencies of the globalization process. Furthermore, the Belt and Road Initiative implies a realistic approach to globalization, which would lead to a better globalization.
Use of antimicrobial dressings in England and the association with published clinical guidance: interrupted time series analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives In healthcare systems, practices and products of unproven value and cost-effectiveness can decrease value and increase waste. Using the management of complex wounds, this study investigates temporal trends in the use of antimicrobials dressings, places this in the context of available evidence and discusses the potential impacts on the UK National Health Service (NHS). Design Secondary descriptive and interrupted time series (ITS) analysis of NHS prescription data. Setting Prescribing Cost Analysis (PCA) details all NHS prescriptions dispensed in the community in England. Interventions An ITS design was used to compare annual changes in the expenditure and use of antimicrobial and non-antimicrobial dressings before and after the publication of the ‘intervention’ of key evidence-based Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) guidance in 2010. Primary and secondary outcome measures Trends in use and expenditure of antimicrobial dressings in relation to published clinical guidance. Results There was a large increase in the prescribing of, and expenditure on, antimicrobial wound dressings between 1997 and 2016. In 1997, the total number of dressings prescribed was 5 792 700; increasing to 11 447 102 in 2009 with expenditure increasing from £1 960 386 to £32 841 263. During the year of the SIGN intervention (2010), there was a significant drop in the use of silver but there was no consistent ongoing reduction from 2011 to 2015. Conclusions Prescribing data can be used to identify products of unproven benefit, which also impose a significant financial burden. This study quantifies the huge increase in the use of antimicrobial wound dressings over a 20-year period despite the lack of compelling evidence to support their routine use. There is some suggestion, however that the use and expenditure decreased after the publication of key guidance. Routine data can be used to as part of more systematic efforts to increase value and reduce waste in health systems.
Attention–Deficit Scales for Adults (ADSA). Santo J. Triolo & Kevin R. Murphy Available from Brunner/Mazel, Inc., 19 Union Square West, New York NY 10003, USA Fax: (212) 242-6339.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Attention–Deficit Scales for Adults (ADSA). Santo J. Triolo & Kevin R. Murphy Available from Brunner/Mazel, Inc., 19 Union Square West, New York NY 10003, USA Fax: (212) 242-6339. - Volume 20 Issue 8
159930_1_supp_0_d72rhn.doc from Multiregion Whole-Exome Sequencing Uncovers the Genetic Evolution and Mutational Heterogeneity of Early-Stage Metastatic Melanoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

159930_1_supp_0_d72rhn.doc from Multiregion Whole-Exome Sequencing Uncovers the Genetic Evolution and Mutational Heterogeneity of Early-Stage Metastatic Melanoma
Observations on the Temperature of the Human Rectum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bernard's concept of the milieu interieur was a vital step in our understanding of the human body.It is funda- mental to realize that much of our biological activity is concerned in the maintenance of the so-called internal environment.But it is becoming increasingly clear that a rigid approach to the body constants which constitute this internal environment is no longer wholly acceptable.Such standards as blood pressure, once the inflexible index of an individual's circulatory health, are labile to a degree which even now is insufficiently realized.
Scrub Typhus In HIV Patients-A Ray of Hope

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(1), transmitted bytrombiculid mites (Leptotrombidium deliense) (2,3,4).It is an established fact that in HIV-1-infected individuals,viral load rises transiently in presence of any acute infectionwith another organism. Transient rises in HIV viral loadhave also been reported following immune activation byintercurrent infection, immunization, and even tuberculinskin testing. But many studies especially over the last decadewere prompted by the unexpected finding that HIV-1 copynumber fell instead of rising during an acute infection with