jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Saliency based encoderless predictive torque control without signal injection

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a basic scheme for rotor position estimation of salient synchronous machines by utilizing internal information of a predictive torque controller. Although the proposed estimation scheme is based on a rotor saliency and thereby capable of permanent operation at standstill, this method has no need for the injection of an additional voltage which extends the feasible operation region to the whole speed range of the drive. Thus the proposed method overcomes the main drawback of HF injection methods while keeping its advantages. The proposed scheme is derived mathematically for a salient permanent magnet synchronous machine and verified in simulation.
Facing challenges in penile prosthesis implantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Het implanteren van een penisprothese is een uitdaging en kan gepaard gaan met een teleurstellend resultaat of blijvende klachten. De hele procedure kan ook falen. Osama Mahmoud beschrijft de chirurgische technieken waarmee deze problemen voorkomen kunnen worden. In de beschreven technieken wordt gebruik gemaakt van ultrasonografie, endoscopie of een combinatie van beide. Ondanks het geringe aantal patiënten concludeert Mahmoud dat met het gebruik van de genoemde methoden bestaande obstakels in penischirurgie overwonnen kunnen worden. Urologen die penisprothese implantaten inbrengen, zouden met deze technieken bekend moeten zijn voordat zij bij een patiënt met de behandeling beginnen.
Utility compatibility of nonisolated residential power conditioners

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Nonisolated power conditioner (PCS) designs can improve the efficiency of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. They can replace material-intensive hardware with process-intensive hardware, promising cost reductions in future PCSs when they are produced in large quantities. Several technical issues have been studied to ensure that the nonisolated, or transformerless, utility-interactive designs can be used. The technical issues include possible dc injection into the utility or local loads, unbalanced output, and limited options for array protection and grounding. Two nonisolated prototypes have been developed as part of the DOE PV program and are being evaluated at Sandia National Laboratories. This paper describes the results of the development and evaluation efforts.
Biological characteristics of composts and biochar as determined by plant response analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The evaluation of quality standards for compost and growing media as well as their compounds are of relevant interest for manufacturers and national authorities to obtain a consistent high quality of the material in long term finally. A diversity of different measuring methods exists to identify primarily chemical and physical properties with little regard to biological indicators. Therefore on the one hand this study focuses to connect especially chemical properties e.g., pH, EC or plant available N of different materials such as compost and biochar with the results of biological indicator of plant response analysis e.g., fresh plant biomass or germination rate, on the other hand to assess the suitability of the used materials for further use in agriculture and horticulture. The plant response analysis were in fact the pot growth test using cress, pot grow test with Chinese cabbage and the petri dish test using cress. A positive relation was found between chemical and biological indicators. The evaluation revealed that comparability between both pot growth tests (cress and Chinese cabbage) can be assumed. The petri test using cress seemed to be an important additional instrument to point out phytotoxic impacts. These findings provide stakeholders practical experience to draw conclusions about the interactions between different materials.
Pattern analysis of aligned nanowires in a microchannel

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An image processing method for evaluating the quality of nanowire alignment in a microchannel is described. A solution containing nanowires flowing into a microchannel will tend to deposit the nanowires on the bottom surface of the channel via near-wall shear flows. The deposited nanowires generally form complex directional structures along the direction of flow, and the physical properties of these structures depend on the structural morphology, including the alignment quality. A quantitative analysis approach to characterizing the nanowire alignment is needed to estimate the useful features of the nanowire structures. This analysis consists of several image processing methods, including ridge detection, texton analysis and autocorrelation function (ACF) calculation. The ridge detection method improved the ACF by extracting nanowire frames 1-2 pixels in width. Dilation filters were introduced to permit a comparison of the ACF results calculated from different images, regardless of the nanowire orientation. An ACF based on the FFT was then calculated over a square interrogation window. The alignment angle probability distribution was obtained using texton analysis. Monte Carlo simulations of artificially generated images were carried out, and the new algorithm was applied to images collected using two types of microscopy.
Codifying the Prohibition to Disclose Inside Information

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Market abuse is defined as insider dealing, market manipulation, and unlawful disclosure of inside information. This chapter explores the basic structure and analytic principles of the prohibition to disclose inside information, with a comparative view to the US insider trading regime. The US disclosure prohibition is intimately connected with the very concept of insider dealing, whereas in EU law it is a stand-alone prohibition, detached from the prohibition of insider dealing, and mostly designed as a defensive mechanism and for compliance reasons. The chapter argues that, although important and necessary, it can be discussed whether the prohibition should be codified as a criminal offence, given that the core of the abusive element is the disclosure and sharing of inside information for some personal benefit. This is, however, regulated in other prohibitions. The prohibition should nevertheless definitely be codified as an administrative delict.
A Variable Selection Method for Analyzing Supersaturated Designs

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract\n Supersaturated designs are a large class of factorial designs \nwhich can be used for screening out the important factors from a \nlarge set of potentially active variables. The huge advantage of \nthese designs is that they reduce the experimental cost \ndrastically, but their critical disadvantage is the confounding \ninvolved in the statistical analysis. In this paper, we propose a \nmethod for analyzing data using several types of supersaturated \ndesigns. Modifications of widely used information criteria are \ngiven and applied to the variable selection procedure for the \nidentification of the active factors.
KUALITAS FISIK GELATIN HASIL EKSTRAKSI KULIT SAPI DENGAN LAMA PERENDAMAN DAN KONSENTRASI ASAM KLORIDA (HCl) YANG BERBED

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gelatin is a compound hydrolysis of collagen fibers. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl). and soaking time on the bovine hide making toward physical quality gelatin. The materials were bovine hide, hydrochloric acid and distilled water. Data were statistically analyzed by A Completely Random Design with factorial pattern consist two factors; hydrochloric acid concentration (3% and 5%) and soaking time (4, 8, 12 and 16 hours) with three times replications. Parameters measured were pH, gel strength, yield and viscosity. The result showed that pH, bloom strogh, yield and viscosity, centipoise (cP) of gelatin was 2.70-4.12, 53,33-185,00 g, 18.04-37.93% and 1.49-1,79, respectively. An interaction between hydrochloric acid and soaking time significantly (P˂0.01) influence in following categories: T pH, gel strength, viscosity and yield. It is conclude that the best combination treatments is HCl 3% and 12 hours of soaking soaking.
Phospho-kinase profile of colorectal tumors guides in the selection of multi-kinase inhibitors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Protein kinases play a central role in the oncogenesis of colorectal tumors and are attractive druggable targets. Detection of activated kinases within a tumor could open avenues for drug selection and optimization of new kinase inhibitors. By using a phosphokinase arrays with human colorectal tumors we identified activated kinases, including the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), components of the PI3K/mTOR pathway (AKT and S6), and STAT, among others. A pharmacological screening with kinase inhibitors against these proteins helped us to identify a new kinase inhibitor, termed EC-70124 that showed the highest anti-proliferative activity in cell lines. EC-70124 also inhibited cell migration and biochemical experiments demonstrated its effect targeting the PI3K/mTOR pathway. This drug also arrested cells at G2/M and induced apoptosis. Experiments in combination with standard chemotherapy used in the clinical setting indicated a synergistic effect. EC-70124 also reduced tumor growth in vivo and inhibited pS6 in the implanted tumors. In conclusion, by studying the kinase profile of colorectal tumors, we identified relevant activated pathways, and a new multi-kinase compound with significant antitumor properties.
Banking Services for Everyone? Barriers to Bank Access and Use around the World

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using information from 193 banks in 58 countries, the authors develop and analyze indicators of physical access, affordability, and eligibility barriers to deposit, loan, and payment services. They find substantial cross-country variation in barriers to banking and show that in many countries these barriers can potentially exclude a significant share of the population from using banking services. Correlations with bank- and country-level variables show that bank size and the availability of physical infrastructure are the most robust predictors of barriers. Further, the authors find evidence that in more competitive, open, and transparent economies, and in countries with better contractual and informational frameworks, banks impose lower barriers. Finally, though foreign banks seem to charge higher fees than other banks, in foreign dominated banking systems fees are lower and it is easier to open bank accounts and to apply for loans. On the other hand, in systems that are predominantly government-owned, customers pay lower fees but also face greater restrictions in terms of where to apply for loans and how long it takes to have applications processed. These findings have important implications for policy reforms to broaden access.
In situ deposition of nanobodies by an engineered commensal microbe promotes survival in a mouse model of enterohemorrhagic E. coli

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Engineered smart microbes that deliver therapeutic payloads are emerging as treatment modalities, particularly for diseases with links to the gastrointestinal tract. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a causative agent of potentially lethal hemolytic uremic syndrome. Given concerns that antibiotic treatment increases EHEC production of Shiga toxin (Stx), which is responsible for systemic disease, novel remedies are needed. EHEC encodes a type III secretion system (T3SS) that injects Tir into enterocytes. Tir inserts into the host cell membrane, exposing an extracellular domain that subsequently binds intimin, one of its outer membrane proteins, triggering the formation of attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions that promote EHEC mucosal colonization. Citrobacter rodentium (Cr), a natural A/E mouse pathogen, similarly requires Tir and intimin for its pathogenesis. Mice infected with Cr(ΦStx2dact), a variant lysogenized with an EHEC-derived phage that produces Stx2dact, develop intestinal A/E lesions and toxin-dependent disease. Stx2a is more closely associated with human disease. By developing an efficient approach to seamlessly modify the C. rodentium genome, we generated Cr_Tir-MEHEC(ΦStx2a), a variant that expresses Stx2a and the EHEC extracellular Tir domain. We found that mouse precolonization with HS-PROT3EcT-TD4, a human commensal E. coli strain (E. coli HS) engineered to efficiently secrete an anti-EHEC Tir nanobody, delayed bacterial colonization and improved survival after challenge with Cr_Tir-MEHEC(ΦStx2a). This study suggests that commensal E. coli engineered to deliver payloads that block essential virulence determinants can be developed as a new means to prevent and potentially treat infections including those due to antibiotic resistant microbes.
Two surgeons’ collaboration to close an extreme open abdomen with loss of domain utilizing the abdominal dynamic tissue system and porcine urinary bladder matrix

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute open abdomen with loss of domain is an extremely difficult surgical scenario, and secondary complications are common. This case describes a 33-year-old woman who initially underwent an elective, laparoscopic endometrioma resection during which a complete iatrogenic transection of the left ureter and part of the sigmoid mesentery occurred. After discharge 5 days later, she was immediately readmitted for worsening abdominal pain. During the emergency abdominal reexploration, an ischemic, perforated sigmoid colon was removed and large volume paracentesis was performed due to fecal contamination. Nine additional reexplorations over 2 months resulted in an extreme acute open abdomen with loss of domain. Viscera was protected with negative pressure wound therapy, but primary myofascial closure was not feasible. Through surgical collaboration between two institutions, an abdominal dynamic tissue system was installed, which achieved primary myofascial closure 31 days after installation. Nine days later, complete wound closure utilizing porcine urinary bladder matrix was accomplished. This case highlights the successful achievement of primary myofascial closure and complete wound healing without a surgical site infection or hernia development in this heavily contaminated abdomen using dynamic tissue system biomechanics with porcine urinary bladder matrix biologics.
Cellular and humoral immune responses to recombinant 65-kD antigen ofMycobacterium lepraein leprosy patients and healthy controls

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Cellular and humoral immune responses to recombinant 65-kD antigen of Mycobacterium leprae (rML65) were studied in leprosy patients and healthy contacts from a leprosy-endemic population. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a considerable proportion of tuberculoid leprosy patients, healthy contacts and non-contacts showed proliferative response to rML65 in vitro. A strong positive correlation was observed between the responses to rML65 and bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or leprosin A. Addition of recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) enhanced the proportion of responders to rML65 considerably in all groups of leprosy patients, healthy contacts and non-contacts. Among lepromatous patients this enhancement was more pronounced in the bacterial index (BI)-negative group. These results indicate that the 65-kD antigen of Myco. leprae is a dominant T cell immunogen in our study population. Though lepromatous patients showed poor lymphoproliferative response to rML65, their IgG antibody levels to the same antigen were markedly high. Most of the BI-positive lepromatous patients with elevated anti-rML65 IgG levels did not show T cell reactivity even with the addition of rIL-2. On the other hand, tuberculoid leprosy patients, healthy contacts and non-contacts showed good T cell reactivity but low levels of IgG antibodies to rML65, thus indicating the presence of an inverse relationship between cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to a defined protein antigen of Myco. leprae in humans. A significant proportion of individuals among tuberculoid leprosy patients, healthy contacts and non-contacts showed neither T cell reactivity nor elevated levels of IgG antibody to rML65. However, in most of these subjects, a T cell response to rML65 was demonstrable with the addition of rIL-2. These results are discussed with reference to the immunoregulatory mechanisms occurring during Myco. leprae infection on the basis of differential activation of Th1 and Th2 subsets.
Waste Heat Recovery From Fly Ash of 210 MW Coal Fired Power Plant Using Organic Rankine Cycle

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Combustion of coal in thermal power plants generates ash as a residue, which depends on the quality of coal, specific to its ash content and calorific value. In a typical Indian scenario, a standard 210 MW thermal plant produces ∼57 T/hr total ash, which has 80:20 fly and bottom ash share, considering coal with 40% ash content. This study aims to harness the waste heat of fly ash collected at the bottom of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) by coupling organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with 210 MW subcritical coal-fired thermal power plant works on R134a. Thermodynamic properties of R134a are taken from the PYroMAT library (python 3.6) to develop a computer-based program that estimates the variability of key parameters with respect to log mean temperature difference (LMTD). The main plant's efficiency was 28.714%, with main steam pressure, reheat pressure, and temperature being about 134.35 bar, 24.02 bar, and 540 °C, respectively, and combustion of coal is about 141.5 T/hr. The study shows additional generation from fly ash waste heat is about 30.5 kW with an increase in net power output (0.0145%) and net energy efficiency (0.0146%). The optimum value of LMTD for the evaporator, condenser, and recuperator is 40, 7, and 16 K, which yields the optimum energy efficiency and developed cost-effective design. The proposed system is economically analyzed, considering 25 years of equipment life and 14% of loan interest. The study shows that the payback period and the generation cost of electricity of ORC is about 6.22 years and INR 3.14 per kWh, respectively.
4. Article 34 TFEU and Certain Selling Arrangements

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses the following: market circumstances rules and Article 34 TFEU; the decision in Keck and its application to cases of ‘certain selling arrangements’; and the ramifications of this ruling, particularly in respect of those rules that did not fit the category of certain selling arrangements. It also considers the relevance of the Trailers case and the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005/29, both of which have narrowed the areas to which Keck applies still further.
Correction for Sun et al., Syllables and their beginnings have a special role in the mental lexicon

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Metacognition, the ability to reflect upon, and evaluate our own beliefs, can help us avoid making decisions based on unreliable evidence. Here, we provide empirical tests of the importance of human metacognition during the COVID-19 pandemic. ...Metacognition, our ability to reflect on our own beliefs, manifests itself in the confidence we have in these beliefs, and helps us guide our behavior in complex and uncertain environments. Here, we provide empirical tests of the importance of ...
Studi Kasus Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Anemia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

AbstractAnemia in pregnant women has the potential to harm both mother and child. There are 48.9% of pregnant women suffer from anemia and 40% of women of childbearing age also suffer from anemia. The incidence of anemia in pregnant women is a prominent health problem, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. The design of this article uses a descriptive case study method in the form of assessment, physical examination and supporting examination with the subject of one client who is pregnant with anemia with an initial hemoglobin level of 8.3 g/dl in Krandon Village, Kesesi District, Pekalongan Regency. The results of this study showed an increase in hemoglobin levels of 3.7 g/dl after administration of blood-added tablets. The conclusion of this scientific paper shows that the administration of iron tablets can increase hemoglobin levels. For this reason, midwives are expected to be able to provide iron tablets to increase hemoglobin levels in pregnant women.Keywords: Anemia; Iron Tablets; Pregnant Women AbstrakAnemia pada ibu hamil berpotensi membahayakan ibu dan anak. Ada 48,9% dari ibu hamil menderita anemia dan 40% wanita usia subur juga menderita anemia. Insiden Anemia pada ibu hamil merupakan masalah kesehatan yang menonjol terutama di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Tujuan dari studi kasus ini adalah untuk memberikan anemia pada kehamilan berupa pemberian tamblet tambah darah. Rancangan artikel ini menggunakan metode studi kasus deskriptif berupa pengkajian, pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan penunjang dengan subyek satu klien ibu hamil yang mengalami anemia dengan kadar haemoglobin awal 8,3 g/dl di Desa Krandon Kecamatan Kesesi Kabupaten Pekalongan. Hasil studi ini menunjukan adanya peningkatan kadar haemoglobin sebesar 3,7 g/dl setelah dilakukan pemberian tablet tambah darah. Simpulan Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini menunjukan bahwa pemberian tablet besi mampu meningkatkan kadar haemoglobin. Untuk itu bidan diharapkan dapat memberikan tindakan pemberian tablet besi untuk meningkatkan kadar haemoglobin pada ibu hamil.Kata kunci:Anemia;, Tablet Besi; Ibu Hamil
Bayesian Detection of a Change in a Random Sequence with Unknown Initial and Final Distributions

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Quickest detection is a class of detection problems whereby the objective is to identify a change in distribution of an observed sequence of random variables as quickly as possible. Quickest detection has been applied to a wide range of applications, such as process monitoring, quality control, and disaster detection. In each of these applications, the initial state of the observed sequence is generally known. Considering these applications, there is an abundance of literature considering formulations of the quickest detection problem where the initial state of the sequence is assumed to be known. However, in some applications, the assumption of knowledge of the initial state of the observed sequence is not valid in general. Recently, spectrum sensing, the process of identifying wireless channel characteristics for the application of cognitive radio, has been cast as a quickest detection problem. Upon, first observation, the radio performing spectrum sensing would not know the initial state of the channel, rendering previous formulations of the quickest detection problem unusable here. \n \nIn this thesis, an alternative formulation of the quickest detection problem is considered where the initial state of the observed sequence is assumed to be unknown. The problem is formulated as an optimal stopping problem, and a quickest detection scheme is developed based on Bayesian hypothesis testing and an assumed set of costs. The proposed sequential change detector tracks the minimum-risk hypotheses using a time-recursive algorithm which achieves constant computational complexity. It is shown analytically and via simulations that (i) the probability of detecting a change from an incorrect initial distribution asymptotically vanishes over time under suitable parameter choices, (ii) cost parameter choices trade off the probability of early detection of a change (false alarm) against the average delay to detection of a change, and (iii) cost parameter choices determine the certainty with which the initial distribution of the sequence is identified, trading off the probability of detecting a change from an incorrect initial distribution with the ability to detect early changes.