jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the Nisan-Ronen conjecture for submodular valuations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider incentive compatible mechanisms for a domain that is very close to the domain of scheduling $n$ unrelated machines: the single exception is that the valuation of just one machine is submodular. For the scheduling problem with such cost functions, we give a lower bound of $Ω(\sqrt{n})$ on the approximation ratio of incentive compatible deterministic mechanisms. This is a strong information-theoretic impossibility result on the approximation ratio of mechanisms on relatively simple domains. The lower bound of the current work assumes no restriction on the mechanism side, but an expanded class of valuations, in contrast to previous general results on the Nisan-Ronen conjecture that hold for only special classes of mechanisms such as local, strongly monotone, and anonymous mechanisms. Our approach is based on a novel characterization of appropriately selected smaller instances that allows us to focus on particular type of algorithms (linear mechanisms), from which we extract a locality property that gives the lower bound.
Künhü’l-Ahbâr’da Emir Timur ve Yıldırım Bayezid

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Gelibolulu Mustafa Âlî, one of the prominent historians of 16th-century Ottoman historiography, examines Ottoman history from a broad perspective in his work Künhü’l-Ahbâr. This study focuses on the comparison of Timur and Yıldırım Bayezid in Künhü’l-Ahbâr. Gelibolulu Mustafa Âlî was the first amonğ Ottoman historians to make a direct comparison between these two rulers, emphasizing impartiality in historical writinğ. He does not merely attribute Yıldırım Bayezid’s defeat at the Battle of Ankara to Ottoman strategic mistakes but also considers Timur’s military discipline and spiritual preparation in his assessment. This article analyzes the relevant sections of Künhü’l-Ahbâr, explorinğ Mustafa Âlî’s historical approach and his views on Timur and Yıldırım Bayezid. The study contributes to understanding the evolution of objectivity and methodology in Ottoman historiography.
Evidence for Multiple Thyroxine-binding Sites in Human Prealbumin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The binding of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and diiodothyronine to prealbumin, and to the prealbumin-retinol-binding protein (RBP) complex has been investigated by measurements of the quenched tryptophan fluorescence and by equilibrium rate dialysis. Fluorescence quenching revealed a single site of high affinity for prealbumin and the prealbumin-RBP complex. The binding constants under physiological conditions for the combination of prealbumin with a single molecule of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and diiodothyronine were 1.1 x 107 m-1, 1.3 x 106 m-1, and 6.2 x 104 m-1, respectively. At pH 7.4, the binding of thyroxine to prealbumin was less sensitive to temperature changes within the range 2–40° than the binding between triiodothyronine and prealbumin. The calculated thermodynamic constants were compatible with the difference in ionization of thyroxine and triiodothyronine at pH 7.4. The phenolic hydroxyl group of thyroxine, bound to prealbumin, is highly ionized at this pH, whereas the phenolic hydroxyl group of triiodothyronine is essentially un-ionized. Variations of pH exerted a marked influence on the association constants for the thyroid hormones and prealbumin. Thus an increase in the binding strength under conditions promoting ionization of the phenolic hydroxyls indicated that this group participates in the binding with prealbumin. Reduced and carboxymethylated prealbumin did not show any binding to thyroxine but retained completely its affinity for the retinol-binding protein. The binding of thyroxine and triiodothyronine to prealbumin and to the prealbumin-RBP complex were also investigated over a wide range of ligand to protein ratios by means of equilibrium rate dialysis. Identical results were obtained for both hormones irrespective of whether prealbumin was free or in complex with RBP. A single site of high affinity, and three sites of weaker affinity were revealed. The differences in binding characteristics between the sites of high and low affinities would be most easily explained by assuming a negative homotropic effect of the thyroid hormone binding.
Supplementary Table 7 from LncRNA-Encoded Micropeptide ACLY-BP Drives Lipid Deposition and Cell Proliferation in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma via Maintenance of ACLY Acetylation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Homer Known Motif Enrichment Results (GATA_peaks_on_LINC00887_Promoter_motif)</p>
For Law and Markets: Employment Discrimination Lawsuits, Market Performance, and Managerial Diversity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Drawing on institutional theories of corporate response to the law, the authors investigate if and how employment discrimination litigation promotes gender and race equality among targeted firms. Using data on 171 high-profile sex and race discrimination lawsuits settled against publicly traded companies between 1997 and 2007, the authors estimate the impact of lawsuit resolutions on subsequent changes in managerial sex and race composition. Results show that the impact of lawsuit resolutions depends on the conditions surrounding the resolution. Lawsuit resolutions that produce a drop in stock prices for defendants, attract national media coverage, and mandate organizational policy changes improve white women’s, black women’s, and black men’s access to management, while those that involve costly monetary payouts have no or negative effects. These findings demonstrate how market and legal pressures interact to affect workplace practices and managerial diversity.
Isolation of Intact Eyeball to Obtain Integral Ocular Surface Tissue for Histological Examination and Immunohistochemistry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ocular surface (OS) consists of an epithelial sheet with three connected parts: palpebral conjunctiva, bulbar conjunctiva and corneal epithelium. Disruption of OS would lead to keratitis, conjunctivitis or both (keratoconjunctivitis). In experimental animal models with certain genetic modifications or artificial operations, it is useful to examine all parts of the OS epithelial sheet to evaluate relative pathogenetic changes of each part in parallel. However, dissection of OS tissue as a whole without distortion or damage has been challenging, primarily due to the softness and thinness of the OS affixed to physically separate yet movable eyelids and eyeball. Additionally, the deep eye socket formed by the hard skull/orbital bones is fully occupied by the eyeball leaving limited space for operating dissections. As a result, direct dissection of the eyeball with associated OS tissues from the facial side would often lead to tissue damages, especially the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva. In this protocol, we described a method to remove the skull and orbital bones sequentially from a bisected mouse head, leaving eyelids, ocular surface, lens and retina altogether in one piece. The integrity of the OS sheet was well preserved and could be examined by histology or immunostaining in a single section.
7 Development of a leaflet to teach children to swallow tablets

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim In paediatric pharmacy a wide range of medications are used, which are often not available in formulations suitable for children. We wanted to design a tool that would enhance our patients’ experience of medication taking as well as improving accessibility to medicines, palatability and ease of administration. Method The European Medicines Agency advises that ‘for chronic diseases, the acceptability of tablets in children may be improved by adequate training’. 1 Among others a study has shown that almost half of two year olds could swallow a 3 mm tablet, increasing to 85% in 5 year olds. 2 A leaflet was suggested as the best way to teach our patients and their parents how to swallow tablets as it could be widely distributed. It was developed with a working group of paediatric clinical psychologists and a paediatric pharmacist. The leaflet aims to be encouraging and provide practical tips and advice. It offers seven different techniques for swallowing tablets which were adapted from web-based advice and previous cases. The leaflet was piloted in a small number of patients and they were given a questionnaire. Results Ten questionnaires were returned, with patients’ ages ranging from 5 to 17. All the patients said that they would now be taking all or some of their medication as tablets. All of the techniques were tried by 2 or more patients and each technique was successful for at least 1 child. The most popular method was the ‘big gulp method’ which worked for 8 patients. This involves swirling the tablet around the mouth for 10 s with as much water as possible and then taking a large gulp until all the water and the tablet have gone. Positive feedback for the leaflet included ‘feels grown up being able to take a tablet’, taking tablets is ‘easier’ and ‘quicker’; one patient wished they had been given the leaflet sooner. Parents also fed back that ‘there was no longer a fight to take medicines’ and ‘it’s much easier for school to manage’. Conclusion The findings have shown that this is a very successful and useful tool. It allows children and their families to take ownership of their medicine taking. To enable more patients to benefit, further engagement from multidisciplinary teams e.g. play specialists, is needed. In the long-term this leaflet could be used to proactively start patients on tablets rather than reactively, creating potential cost savings and a reduction in the use of unlicensed medicines and specials. References European Medicines Agency. Guideline on pharmaceutical development of medicines for paediatric use 2013. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2013/07/WC500147002.pdf [Accessed: 28 July 2016]. Thomson SA, Tuleu C, Wong ICK, et al. Minitablets: New modality to deliver medicines to preschool-aged children. Paediatrics2009;123(2):235–238.
[Ionic channels formed in the lipid bilayer membranes by aureofuscin, a polyene antibiotics].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A chamber filled with salt solution and separated into two compartments by a Teflon partition with a pore of 700 microns diameter was used to investigate the action of aureofuscin, a polyene antibiotics, on a planar lipid bilayer. The pore was covered with a bilayer formed by a N-decane solution of lecithin and cholesterol (20 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml). The electrical property and ionic permeability of the bilayer were studied by using voltage clamp method. Decrease of the bilayer resistance and the channel-like activity could be observed 20 min after the addition of aureofuscin (10-20 micrograms/ml) to one compartment. The existence of a transmembrane voltage and ionic gradient were not necessary for the channel-forming activity of aureofuscin. Discrete current steps were recorded at a concentration of 1.4 micrograms/ml aureofuscin, with a predominant unit conductance of 4-6 pS in a symmetric KCl, solution of 100 mmol/L. By using Goldmann-Hodgkin-Katz voltage equation the ionic selectivity of the channel formed by aureofuscin was estimated by the reversal potential measured in the asymmetrical solution system. The results showed that aureofuscin channels were more permeable to potassium ion than to chloride ion (PK/PCl approximately 5.2). These data may be used to explain the action of aureofuscin on neurotransmitter release and muscle membrane potential in addition to providing some explanation on its curing effect in clinical use.
Octave-spanning emission across the visible spectrum from single crystalline 1,3,5,7-tetrakis-(p-methoxyphenyl)adamantane

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Sustainable efficient light emitters based solely on elements-of-hope are needed to replace current compounds based on less-abundant materials. Functionalized diamondoids are a potential solution for this challenge, as a prototypical example offers efficient, octave-spanning emission across the visible spectrum in their single-crystalline form. Its large quantum efficiency increases towards higher-than-ambient temperatures to beyond 7%. The stability beyond 200 °C renders such functionalized diamondoids as sustainable phosphors for LED applications. Detailed structural and theoretical investigations suggest a crucial role of exciton states accompanied by structural modifications (self-trapped excitons) in the emission process.
Combustion characteristics of crude tyre blends fuel in compression ignition engine

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

With the rise of automobile vehicles, the number of scrap tyres has been increasing rapidly. Proper management of waste tyre is challenging work for any country. Tyre oil possesses a greater potential of using as a substitute for conventional diesel. The investigation was made on the effects of blends of waste tyre fuel on combustion characteristics such as cylinder pressure (CP), net heat release rate (NHR), cumulative heat release (CHR), ignition delay (IGD), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), and % heat equivalent to brake power (HBP). It was found that crude tyre fuel has a low cetane index which affects the combustion characteristics. The two sample of test fuel were prepared by adding 5% crude tyre fuel to 95% diesel fuel (5BTF) and 10% crude tyre fuel to 90% diesel fuel (10BTF) by volume and their performance and emission characteristics were studied in a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine. For 10BTF, peak CP was reduced by 6.69%, IGD increased by 10.85%, NHR increased by 19.33% and there was a small difference in EGT with diesel. The opacity value of the blends of tyre fuel was found within the emission standard of Nepal. It is concluded that a blend of crude tyre pyrolysis oil up to 5% by volume with diesel shows similar combustion characteristics as that of diesel.
Parallel learning: How firms build capabilities concurrently

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Much is known about the importance of building capabilities. Yet, surprisingly little is known about how multiple capabilities might be built concurrently since most existing research explores a particular capability (e.g., acquisition, alliance, divestiture) in isolation. Using rich quantitative and qualitative data on Dow Chemical's efforts to build a portfolio of corporate development capabilities over the past 20 years, we seek to address this gap. Our core contribution is an emergent theoretical framework that develops the concept of parallel learning. We show how multiple corporate development capabilities are learned in parallel. We also show how parallel learning is facilitated through three key activities – process mapping, backward chaining, and portfolio balancing. Overall, our findings have important implications for learning theory and the growing literature on capabilities.
A STUDY OF GENERATION Y ATTITUDE TOWARDS USAGE OF INTERNET FOR E-COMMERCE IN MSC LANDMARK, KUALA LUMPUR & SELANGOR STATE

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The last two decades have experienced rapid expansion of information and communication technology. This wide application of internet stated its influence on attitude and adoption of internet among various generations. The generation Y which is "the millennia1 generation", are the major one who has connected with the technology, especially internet usage, widely in every aspect of life. They adopt technology application in shopping product and services, moving away from traditional purchasing behavior of consumer. Though various studies have come out in the area of generation Y and technology adoption, very less studies are observed in the Malaysian context, considering the consumer internet usage attitude and e-commerce activities. Hence this particular study, then observe and analyze generation Y attitude towards internet usage and e-commerce activities with its moderating impact of computer literacy and gender variation.
A Study on Factors affecting College Graduates’ Entry into the Early Labor Market: Focusing on the Burden of Student Loan Repayment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

학자금 대출제도는 경제적 어려움으로 인해 교육의 기회를 얻지 못하는 청년들에게 학업을 지속할 수 있는 기회를 제공하였다. 그러나 교육기회 불평등 완화의 이면에는 대출로 인한 경제적 부담과 그로 인해 발생된 초기노동시장 진입효과에 대해서는 사회적으로 고민해야 할 문제이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 학자금 대출요인을 중심으로 대졸자의 초기노동시장 진입에 미치는 영향을 임금과 취업의 질(정규직, 대기업)을 분석하여 학자금 대출의 효과를 확인하고 청년들의 취업문제와 노동시장 정책이 나아가야 할 방향에 대해 분석하였다.BR 실증분석결과, 대졸자의 초기노동시장 진입에 있어 학자금 대출요인(대출여부, 상환부담)은 월평균임금에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 정규직 취업과 대기업 취업에는 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 학자금 대출제도가 일정 부분 경제적 안정을 주었지만 이는 일시적인 유예를 준 것이며 장기적으로는 대출금 상환부담이 여전히 존재하고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구는 대졸자들의 초기노동시장 진입에 있어 대출상환부담을 줄일수 있는 방안과 더불어 일자리 미스매치를 완화할 수 있는 매칭 시스템 구축의 필요성을 제안하고 있다. 또한 일자리 문제를 건강한 노동시장 형성의 관점으로 바라보아야 함을 제안하고 있다.
Alcohol in food during childhood exposure as a risk factor for heavy drinking when adults: a case‐control study in Europe

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case control study, matched by gender and age has been conducted in Germany to understand if exposure to food containing alcohol during childhood is associated with an increased risk of heavy drinking when adult. One hundred fifty former ethilists where enrolled in the study and matched by age and gender with 150 no‐ or moderate‐users of alcohol. People were deeply interviewed by expert psychologists, and history of risk factors related to ethilism where derived (maternal alcohol drinking, familiar environment, personal event history, …). Exposure to food containing alcohol was not significantly different between ethilists and non alcohol drinking people (11% vs, 9% respectively where eating food with alcohol during childhood, P‐value NS). No significant effect of exposure to food containing alcohol during childhood on the risk of ethilism was detected even after adjusting for other known risk factors in a multivariable analysis.
Effect of Interferon Inducer Neovir on the Sensitivity MDR1(-) and MDR1(+) Cells to Antitumor Drugs.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The ability of synthetic interferon inducer, neovir (sodium 10-methylencarboxylate-9-acridone), was studied dealing with modulation of the sensitivity of HT-29 and K-562 cells, intact and transfected with mdr1 gene, in relation to the cytototoxic action of antitumor drugs. Neovir exerted the direct cytotoxic action on cells of all studied lines. Preliminary incubation of cells with neovir for 24 h efficiently increased the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin and vincristine. The degree of toxicity enhancement was depended on the drug concentrations, as well as on cell lines. Neovir at the concentration 10 mg/ml had the most pronounced effect. The enhancement of toxic action of doxorubin for HT-29 cells had, as a rule, additive character, while for HT-29 MDR1 cells the interaction was synergistic (CD(50) was decreased by 2.85- and 8.67-fold respectively). The effect of vincristine toxicity enhancement didn't depend on mdr1 gene expression and had synergistic character. Neovir enhanced the cytotoxic effect of neovir in relation to K-562 and K-562 MDR1 cells by 3.18-fold and more than by 100-fold respectively. Also neovir increased the cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil whose accumulation in cell doesn't depend on Pgp expression. Preliminary incubation of HT-29 cells with neovir has resulted in 2000-fold decrease of 5-fluorouracil CD(50) and in 36.6-fold for HT-29 MDR1 cells. Thus, the effect of neovir seems to have no relation to the action on the mechanisms of multiple drug resistance and may be mediated through some other pathways.
In vitro immune response of human peripheral lymphocytes. I. The mechanism(s) involved in T cell helper functions in the pokeweed mitogen-induced differentiation and proliferation of B cells.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Human peripheral lymphocytes (PBL) upon stimulation with PWM proliferate and differentiate to IgM- and IgG-producing cells. The PWM-induced Ig production in B cells was dependent on T cells, and cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained from PWM-stimulated PBL or T cell-rich fraction replaced T cell helper functions. The active substance(s) in CFS were most likely derived from T cells. The kinetic studies showed that the proliferation of B cells took place in advance of the final differentiation to Ig-producing cells and that T cells or T cell product(s) had to exist at the initiation of cultures in order to give the maximum helper effect. However, the final differentiation of B cells to Ig-producing cells was not dependent on T cells. The helper effect of T cells or T cell product(s) on PWM-induced proliferation and differentiation of B cells was exerted across the MHC barrier. This may make it possible to apply this experimental system to the assessment of quantitative and/or qualitative changes in human helper T cells in several immunologic diseases.
Computational fluid dynamics of flapping wings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The following final year project presents the computational fluid dynamics simulation of flapping mechanism using the commercial software, FLUENT. It is of the interest to seek understanding of how natural flyers could generate sufficient lift for carrying its own weight during flapping flight. An overview of basic flapping aerodynamics is given at first before examining the computational approach in FLUENT to simulate air flow around an obstacle. Simulations of vortex shedding from stationary cylinder are carried out at Reynolds number of 20, 40, and 80 to look into the role of vortices in lift generation. The project then continues with simulation of an oscillating cylinder at Re =10000 to model the plunging motion during flapping flights at different frequencies. Lastly, simulations of a pitching plate at Reynolds number of 21000 is carried out for different turbulence model to examine the lift generation mechanism by rotational motion when the wings pitch during flapping flight.
Complexation of Copper by Cyclohexadienyl Radicals in Cu/ZSM-5 Zeolite

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTComplexation of Copper by Cyclohexadienyl Radicals in Cu/ZSM-5 ZeoliteMartina Stolmár and Emil RodunerView Author Information Institut für Physikalische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3, 583–584Publication Date (Web):January 13, 1998Publication History Received20 October 1997Published online13 January 1998Published inissue 1 January 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja973638shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja973638srapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Cations,Copper,Hydrocarbons,Molecules Get e-Alerts