jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Anticancer Gold(III) Peptidomimetics: From Synthesis to in vitro and ex vivo Biological Evaluations

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Five new Au III ‐peptidodithiocarbamato complexes of the type [Au III Br 2 (dtc‐AA 1 ‐AA 2 ‐OR] (in which AA 1 = N ‐methylglycine (Sar), l / d ‐Pro; AA 2 = l / d ‐Ala, α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib); R=O t Bu, triethylene glycol methyl ether), differing with regard to the amino acid sequence and/or the chiral amino acid configuration, were designed to enhance tumor selectivity and bioavailability. The gold(III)‐based moiety was functionalized to exploit the targeting properties of the peptidomimetic ligand toward two peptide transporters (namely PEPT1 and PEPT2), which are upregulated in several tumor cells. The compounds were synthesized and fully characterized, mainly by means of elemental analysis, one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy, FT‐IR, and UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The crystal structures of three compounds were also solved by X‐ray diffraction. In vitro cytotoxicity studies using a panel of human tumor cell lines (A549 [non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma], MCF‐7 [breast cancer], A2780 [ovarian carcinoma], H1975 [non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma], H460 [large‐cell lung carcinoma], and A431 [human epidermoid carcinoma]) showed the dtc‐Pro‐Aib‐O t Bu derivative to be very effective, with GI 50 values much lower than those of cisplatin. This complex was thus selected for evaluating stability under physiological conditions and possible interactions with serum albumin, as well in PARP‐1 enzyme inhibition assays and preliminary ex vivo toxicity experiments on healthy rat tissues.
Sites of deposition of aqueous aerosols

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A study was made of the deposition of 99Tcm-DTPA aerosol in the components of a jet nebulizer-based aerosol production system. Three impaction devices were compared: a ball-bearing separator, a virtual impactor and a step separator. In addition a comparison was made of two types of tubing which carried aerosol from nebulizer to mouthpiece: corrugated and smooth-walled tubing. The retention of aerosol following inhalation was measured in five normal volunteers using different patterns of breathing. Using an aerosol production system which included a ball-bearing separator only a mean of 11% of the radioactivity loaded into the nebulizer was emitted as an aerosol. Some 18% remained in the ball-bearing separator. The ball-bearing and step separators produced similar total outputs (7% and 6% minimum), the step separator producing marginally higher mean output/min. The virtual impactor produced a lower output than the other two impactors studied, only 1%. A larger proportion of the aerosol output was deposited on corrugated tubing (7%) compared with smooth-walled tubing (1%). The retained fraction of the aerosol inhaled by subjects ranged from 16% to 43%. A higher fraction was retained when subjects inhaled deeply and held their breath for 10 s between each breath. The efficiency of radionuclide deposition from aerosol generator to patient ranged from 1.1% to 6% and was determined more by the retention in the subject than by choice of separator or tubing.
Rapid Planning and Execution of the First Multilateral Well in the Gulf of Thailand: Results and Lessons Learned

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In early 2006 Chevron International E&P drilled and completed the first multilateral well in the Gulf of Thailand. Routine development drilling in the Kaphong Field of the Pattani Basin unexpectedly discovered two production horizons that possessed reservoir characteristics and sufficient oil reserves to make each a viable horizontal well candidate. At the time, however, only a single drilling slot was available on the platform; thus, dictating that only one well bore could be drilled to tap both reservoirs. Further complicating the problem was the fact that the drilling rig which discovered the horizons would be moving to a new platform a short 5 weeks after it was understood by reservoir engineers, geologists and geophysicists that multiple horizontal well candidates existed. This paper chronicles the rapid processes that took place to evaluate, plan and execute the first multilateral well in the Gulf of Thailand. More importantly, though, this paper captures the unintended consequences (both good and bad) that came with executing this project so quickly. This includes an analysis of how decision making, project planning and ultimate execution where affected by the short time window available. From this we discuss lessons learned that may be universally applicable when rapidly expanding the use of technology in a remote region of the world (regardless of how small that expansion is).
Genetic epidemiology of epilepsy or what do we tell families

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over the past few decades, epidemiologic and molecular research has transformed the field of epilepsy genetics. In this review, we discuss the ways in which accumulating evidence on the genetics of epilepsy and febrile seizures can inform health care practitioners advising patients and families with epilepsy. We will review the epidemiologic data from twin and family studies, and illustrate how it can be used to guide genetic counseling. Although there have been many exciting advances in the last few decades-both molecular and epidemiologic-what we have learned has not appreciably changed what we tell families, and what we tell them can remain reassuring.
Improving the use of public e-services through explainability

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Despite an omnipresent call for public e-services, the potential of digitalization in the public sector is still untapped. A promising means to increase the use of public e-services may be explainability. In this study, we follow the Design Science Research methodology to propose and evaluate design principles for explainability of public e-services. We instantiate the design principles in cooperation with the German Federal Statistical Office using the example of its public e-service Personal Inflation Calculator. We evaluate the design principles in a user study with 226 users and an expert survey with 17 public sector digitalization experts. Results confirm the design principles’ utility and applicability. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of explainability on the use of public e-services. In a randomized online experiment with 204 citizens, we demonstrate the positive impact of explainability of public e-services on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, self-efficacy, trust, and intention to use. With our design principles, we provide applicable and prescriptive knowledge on explainability of public e-services. Our findings on the impact of explainability on the use of public e-services contribute to the understanding of the role of explainability in digitizing the public sector.
Study of Key Technologies of Disconnector Used in Metal Oxide Surge Arrester and Proposals for Standard

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A disconnector can disconnect an arrester from the system in the event of arrester failure and give visible and permanent indication of disconnection.It is one of the key accessories of metal oxide surge arresters.The technical requirements and test methods for disconnector are specified in arrester standards such as IEC60099-4,GB11032 and etc..However,a lot of quality problems have arisen in actual operation,which seriously affected the safety of the grid.The key technologies of disconnector are further researched based on its operation principle.It is recommended to develop an industry standard of the disconnector used in metal oxide surge arresters as soon as possible.
Effects of receptor-specific antibody on the uptake of desialylated glycoproteins in the isolated perfused rat liver.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Removal of the terminal sialic acid residues from most mammalian glycoproteins results in their rapid transfer from the circulation into the liver. In vitro, these desialylated glycoproteins bind to a specific membrane-associated hepatic lectin which has a ubiquitous distribution within the liver cell. In the present study, infusion of a specific antibody to the purified lectin into the portal vein of an isolated perfused rat liver prior to injection of radiolabeled asialoorosomucoid or bilirubin reduced the rate of influx of asialoorosomucoid into the liver by over 80%, while the influx of bilirubin was unchanged. Although uptake of asialoorosomucoid remained blocked for at least 90 min after excess antibody was removed from the perfusion system, the total hepatic content of functional binding protein was nearly normal. These results indicate that interaction with specific cell surface lectin is essential for removal of asialoorosomucoid from the circulation. During the 90 min following infusion of antibody, no functional lectin is restored to the surface of hepatocytes.
Modeling Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens with Artificial Neural Network

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of the present research was to predict the productive performance of broiler chickens as a function of environmental conditions (air temperature - Tair, air relative humidity - RH, and air velocity - V) through artificial neural networks (ANN). Productive performance was accounted through daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake (DFI), and feed conversion (FC). Each ANN developed has three input variables (Tair, V and RH), a hidden layer with six neurons, and one output (DWG, DFI or FC). Learning and momentum rates of 1 and 0.7, respectively, were adopted. The neural network was calibrated and validated with literature data, obtained from climatic chamber studies, via SCILAB ANN toolbox. Preliminary results shown that ANN provided promising results for animal performance prediction, allowing simulation of several scenarios. Standard deviations for DWG, DFI and FC were 0.84 g/day, 2.16 g/day, and 0.03 g/g, respectively.
Dampak Kompensasi, Beban Kerja dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja pada PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV (Persero) Medan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of compensation, workload and human resource development on job satisfaction at PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV (Persero) Medan partially or simultaneously. The approach used in this study is a causal approach. The population in this study were all employees at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV (Persero) Medan as many as 389 employees. Based on the slovin calculation, the number of samples in this study were 80 employees of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV (Persero) Medan. Data collection techniques in this study used documentation, observation, and questionnaire techniques. The data analysis technique in this study uses a quantitative approach using statistical analysis using multiple linear regression, classical assumption test, hypothesis testing and coefficient of determination test. The results of this study prove that compensation, workload and human resource development partially or simultaneously affect job satisfaction at PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV (Persero) Medan
Classifying Multigraph Models of Secondary RNA Structure Using Graph-Theoretic Descriptors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The prediction of secondary RNA folds from primary sequences continues to be an important area of research given the significance of RNA molecules in biological processes such as gene regulation. To facilitate this effort, graph models of secondary structure have been developed to quantify and thereby characterize the topological properties of the secondary folds. In this work we utilize a multigraph representation of a secondary RNA structure to examine the ability of the existing graph-theoretic descriptors to classify all possible topologies as either RNA-like or not RNA-like. We use more than one hundred descriptors and several different machine learning approaches, including nearest neighbor algorithms, one-class classifiers, and several clustering techniques. We predict that many more topologies will be identified as those representing RNA secondary structures than currently predicted in the RAG (RNA-As-Graphs) database. The results also suggest which descriptors and which algorithms are more informative in classifying and exploring secondary RNA structures.
Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Multiple Sclerosis: From Experimental Models to Clinical Practice—A Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: As far as 80% of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience disabling symptoms in the course of the disease, such as spasticity and neuropathic pain. As first-line symptomatic therapy is associated with important adverse reactions, cannabinoids have become increasingly popular among patients with MS. This review intends to provide an overview of the evidence of the role of cannabinoids in treating symptoms related to MS and to encourage further research on this matter. Areas of Uncertainty: To date, the evidence supporting the role of cannabis and its derivatives in alleviating the MS-related symptoms comes only from studies on experimental models of demyelination. To the best of our knowledge, relatively few clinical trials inquired about the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids on patients with MS, with variable results. Data Sources: We conducted a literature search through PubMed and Google Scholar from the beginning until 2022. We included articles in English describing the latest findings regarding the endocannabinoid system, the pharmacology of cannabinoids, and their therapeutic purpose in MS. Results: Evidence from preclinical studies showed that cannabinoids can limit the demyelination process, promote remyelination, and have anti-inflammatory properties by reducing immune cell infiltration of the central nervous system in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Moreover, it has been established that experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice treated with cannabinoids experienced a significant reduction of symptoms and slowing of the disease progression. Given the complexity of human immune and nervous systems, cannabinoids did not have the anticipated effects on human subjects. However, data obtained from clinical trials showed some beneficial results of cannabinoids as a single or as add-on therapy in reducing the spasticity and pain related to MS. Conclusion: Considering their various mechanisms of action and good tolerability, cannabinoids remain an interesting therapy for spasticity and chronic pain related to MS.
Politics and the New Insecurity: Ideological Changes of Professionals in a Recession

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Like many college-educated Americans, large numbers of scientists and engineers experienced economic insecurity in the form of unemployment, underemployment, or the fear of either for the first time in the early 1970s. Among 719 scientists and engineers in the San Francisco Bay Area, the economically insecure tended to support unionization of professionals and blame forces outside themselves for individual misfortune more often than the secure. These changes constitute important departures from the traditional individualism of technical professionals, and may signal increased politicization and egalitarianism among the college-educated under the influence of economic stress.
A Method for Constructing Balanced Incomplete-Block Designs with Nested Rows and Columns

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A method for constructing balanced incomplete-block designs with nested rows and columns Get access CHING-SHUI CHENG CHING-SHUI CHENG Department of Statistics, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 73, Issue 3, December 1986, Pages 695–700, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/73.3.695 Published: 01 December 1986 Article history Received: 01 September 1983 Revision received: 01 March 1986 Published: 01 December 1986
Coordination in a composite green-product supply chain under different power structures

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find the optimal power structure that drives green practices in the supply chain and coordinate the costs and benefits of green practices in supply chain under different power structures. Design/methodology/approach This paper developed a supply chain of one supplier and one manufacturer, in which the supplier and the manufacturer are responsible for the “greening” of products. Then, the game theory modeling method is used to explore the influence of different power structures on green practices in the supply chain. Finally, the authors developed a green cost-sharing contract made by the leader; regarding optimal supply chain profits and green performance, the proposed contracts and the non-coordination situation are compared and tested by a numerical simulation. Findings The increase of the green practice difficulty of any member in the supply chain will not only reduce the greenness of products at that stage but will also reduce the green investment of the supply chain partner. Becoming a channel leader does not necessarily mean being more profitable than being a follower, and when the green practice difficulty of the leader is less than a certain threshold, ceding dominant power to the follower may benefit both sides. A green cost-sharing contract made by the leader is not necessarily beneficial to all enterprises. Originality/value This paper helps to better understand the role of the power relation in realizing the industry's green goals and helps decision-makers to achieve win-win cooperation by adjusting power relations and optimizing green cost-sharing contracts.
The Mutual Relation Between Identity and Cultural Tourism (Reimaging Historic Districts)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the civilizations began, humans have travelled.Food, water, safety or acquisition of resources, through trade, was the early travel goals; but the idea of travel for pleasure or exploration rapidly emerged.Today, tourism has become a collection of activities, services, and industries that deliver a travel experience for individuals or groups that are travelling away from home.Cultural Tourism has been defined as 'the movement of persons to cultural attractions away from their normal places of residence, with the intention to gather new information and experiences to satisfy their cultural needs'.These cultural needs can include the solidification of one's own cultural identity, with respect to cultural diversity.Currently, Cultural Tourism is growing in importance on the national and international levels.It has become an important instrument of knowledge; a tool for accelerating integration and a vehicle of culture.It is considered a factor of economic development on one hand; while on the other hand it's a reflection of a society's needs and circumstances represented through its architectural heritage.In Egypt, Heritage Identity has been affected by different eras through many factorsincluding political, religious and economic ones -which led to the diversity in the architecture of each period of time over the ages.Therefore, we can say that Egypt enjoys a distinguished cultural heritage, accumulated over thousands of years.
Postpartum Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: How to Manage?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is an infrequent cause of acute coronary syndrome. We present the case of a 29 years old Turkish female, one week postpartum, diagnosed as spontaneous coronary dissection who was treated successfully with coronary artery bypass grafting. We overview the management strategies and treatment options for postpartum spontaneous coronary artery dissection.
476 Induced hindgut acidosis in sheep affected gut permeability and ruminal fermentation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Leaky gut may be caused by acidotic conditions in the hindgut and lead to systemic inflammation and negative effects on the gastrointestinal tract. The objective was to determine the effects of induced hindgut acidosis in sheep on cecal pH, ruminal fermentation, and gut permeability. Ruminally and cecally cannulated ewes [n = 11; body weight (BW) = 49 ± 4 kg] were assigned to one of two treatments: control (CON; n = 5) or induced hindgut acidosis (HGA; n = 6). To induce hindgut acidosis, 3 g wheat starch/kg BW per 24 h was continuously infused via the cecal cannula for 4 d. Control ewes received a constant infusion of deionized water. The diet contained 40% grass hay pellets, 35% whole shelled corn, 15% dried distillers grains, and 10% alfalfa cubes. Chromium EDTA was dosed once daily via the cecal cannula as a marker of gut permeability. Rumen, cecal, and fecal samples were collected to determine pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Rumen fluid was collected on d 4 for an ex vivo fermentation. Flasks were incubated for 24 h to determine pH, VFA, ammonia and in vitro dry matter digestibility. Tissue samples from the ileum, cecum, and colon were mounted in Ussing chambers to measure transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). There was a treatment × time effect (P = 0.05) for cecal pH with HGA ewes having lesser cecal pH after d 1. By d 4, cecal pH had declined to 5.07 for HGA ewes compared with CON ewes which remained above 6.40 throughout the experiment. A treatment × time interaction was also observed (P &lt; 0.01) for fecal pH and followed the same trend as cecal pH. Rumen pH was not affected (P = 0.87) by the interaction of treatment and time but was affected (P &lt; 0.01) by treatment as ewes on the HGA treatment had a lesser rumen pH than CON ewes. Control ewes had lesser ruminal VFA and ammonia concentrations than HGA ewes (P &lt; 0.01). Urinary Cr recovery was not affected by the interaction of treatment and time, or treatment (P ≥ 0.13). In vitro dry matter disappearance was not affected by cecal infusion treatment (P = 0.60). There was no effect (P = 0.78) of treatment on ex vivo pH. There were no effects (P ≥ 0.11) of treatment, time, or their interaction on ex vivo ammonia or total VFA concentration. In cecal tissue, TEER tended (P = 0.09) to be greater in CON ewes than HGA ewes. In contrast, TEER was not different (P ≥ 0.83) in ileal or colonic tissues between treatments. Induced hindgut acidosis in sheep altered rumen fermentation and tended to increase ex vivo measures of cecal permeability, but did not affect ex vivo rumen fermentation.
Reduced tumorigenicity of metastatic human lung cancer cell subline (PGCL3) transfected with hRAR beta gene.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The recombinant PSG5-RAR beta plasmid and the G418-resistant PSV2 neo plasmid (10.1) were cotransfected into PGCL3 cells by coprecipitation with calcium phosphate. The transfectants CR3 and CR4, which expressed the RAR beta gene, were identified by Northern blot hybridization. The results showed that the in vitro growth and invasion of CR3 and CR4 were dramatically reduced compared to the control-transfected cell (CSV1). Furthermore, the colony-forming abilities in soft agar and the tumorigenicity in nude mice of CR3 and CR4 were abrogated. Our results suggests that RAR beta functions not only as a receptor mediating the RA action, but also as a suppressor in lung tumorigenesis.