jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Discrimination and Abuse Among Healthcare Workers from Patients and their Relatives at a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Discrimination and abuse of healthcare workers (HCWs) by patients and their relatives remains a pressing and prevalent problem in various healthcare settings, negatively affecting professional outcomes. Despite this, little has been reported about discrimination and abuse in many low- and middle-income countries such as Kenya. We conducted a cross-sectional survey study between May - August 2021 among healthcare workers at a hospital in Kenya. Email invitations were sent, and the survey was in English, and the data was collected through and online survey. Discrimination based on gender was reported by 24.9% of all HCWs; 39.9% of doctors, 17.2% of nurses, and 10.9% of allied staff whereas racial discrimination was reported by 28.8% of all HCWs; 49.0% of doctors, 18.9% of nurses, and 8.9% of allied staff. Verbal or emotional abuse was the most common form of abuse and was reported by 56.8% of all HCWs while physical abuse was reported by 4.9% of all HCWs. For those that reported discrimination based on gender, 77.4% reported patient and their family members as the main source, whereas 81.2% of those that reported discrimination based on race reported the main source was from patient and their family members. Despite strict laws against discrimination and abuse, a significant portion of healthcare providers suffer from discrimination and abuse primarily from patients and their family members. In addition to education programs and policies to curb such behavior in the work environment, coping mechanisms should be actively sought to help healthcare providers deal with such actions.
Conserved Region CR2 of Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen Leader Protein Is a Multifunctional Domain That Mediates Self-Association as well as Nuclear Localization and Nuclear Matrix Association

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Self-association of viral proteins is important for many of their functions, including enzymatic, transcriptional, and transformational activities. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen leader protein (EBNA-LP) contains various numbers of W1W2 repeats and a unique carboxyl-terminal Y1Y2 domain. It was reported that EBNA-LP associates with a variety of cellular proteins and plays a critical role in EBV-induced transformation. We report here that EBNA-LP self-associates in vivo and the domain responsible for the homotypic association is a multifunctional domain mediating nuclear localization, nuclear matrix association, and EBNA-2-dependent coactivator function of the protein. Our conclusions are based on the following observations. (i) EBNA-LP interacts with itself or its derivatives in the yeast two-hybrid system. (ii) A purified chimeric protein consisting of glutathione S -transferase fused to EBNA-LP specifically formed complexes with EBNA-LP transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. (iii) When Flag epitope-tagged EBNA-LP with either one or two W1W2 repeats and EBNA-LP containing four W1W2 repeats were coexpressed in COS-7 cells, the latter was specifically coimmunoprecipitated with the former. (iv) Mutational analyses of EBNA-LP with deletion mutants revealed that the region between codons 19 and 39 (relative to the first amino acid residue of the W2 domain) is essential for self-association of the protein. The mapped region almost completely overlaps with CR2 and CR3, regions conserved among a subset of primate γ-herpesviruses and critical for EBNA-2-dependent coactivator function. Amino acid substitutions in CR2 alone abolished the ability of the protein to self-interact. This laboratory previously reported that CR2 is also responsible for nuclear localization and nuclear matrix association (A. Yokoyama, Y. Kawaguchi, I. Kitabayashi, M. Ohki, and K. Hirai, Virology 279:401–413, 2001). (v) Sucrose gradient sedimentation showed that amino acid substitutions in CR2 reduced the ability of the protein to form protein complexes in B cells. These results suggest that self-association of EBNA-LP may be important for its various functions and interactions of the protein with multiple cellular proteins.
Regional consensus gave birth to the modern public library

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1982, library experts from 30 Latin American and the Caribbean countries met in Venezuela to discuss the current state and development strategies for the region’s public libraries. The result was the first technical-normative document for public libraries in the region, commonly known as the Caracas Declaration. This issue of Developing Latin America comments on the contents of this document, its influence and importance, and suggests the exercise of invoking and reviewing its principles and objectives to once again analyze the current state and project new development strategies.
Toward a fundamental understanding of the Hilbert-Huang transform in nonlinear structural dynamics

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) has been shown to be effective for characterizing a wide range of nonstationary signals in terms of elemental components through what has been called the empirical mode decomposition. The HHT has been utilized extensively despite the absence of a serious analytical foundation, as it provides a concise basis for the analysis of strongly nonlinear systems. In this paper, we attempt to provide the missing link, showing the relationship between the EMD and the slow-flow equations of the system. The slow-flow model is established by performing a partition between slow and fast dynamics using the complexification-averaging technique, and a dynamical system described by slowly-varying amplitudes and phases is obtained. These variables can also be extracted directly from the experimental measurements using the Hilbert transform coupled with the EMD. The comparison between the experimental and analytical results forms the basis of a nonlinear system identification method, termed the slow-flow model identification method, which is demonstrated using numerical examples.
Experiment of Reflector Effect on FCA Assembly V-2-R

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

FOR THE MK-II CORE OF FAST EXPERIMENTAL REACTOR "JOYO",A STUDY HASBEEN MADE OF THE STAINLESS STEEL-REFLECTOR EFFECT ON CRITICAL MASS,RE-ACTIVITY WORTH AND FISSION RATE USING FCA ASSEMBLY V-2-R. THE RESULTREVEALS THAT A RATHER LARGE DIFFERENCE EXISTS BETWEEN K EFF VALUES CAL-CULATED WITH DIFFERENT CROSS SECTION SETS,THE CENTRAL WORTH DISCREPANCYSTILL REMAINS MORE DETAILED TREATMENTS ARE REQUIRED FOR THE REGION NEARTHE CORE-REFLECTOR BOUNDARY.
Performance related design and construction of road foundations – Review of the recent changes to UK practice

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recently there has been a radical change to incorporate performance related design and com-pliance testing for UK highway foundations. New guidance has been introduced in the Highway Agency's In-terim Advice Note 73/06. The potential rewards of this approach include the wider use of more sustainable marginal materials and savings due to the thinning of the upper structural pavement layers, as well as obtain-ing useful information relating to expected pavement life. This new framework relies heavily on performance-related testing during construction to assess if set performance targets have been met. This in turn requires very clear specifications for construction, to ensure the risks of non-compliance are managed and the potential for dispute is limited. Therefore the use of pre-construction site trials are proposed, which in some cases may be costly or impractical (due to accessibility of the location, or relevance of the subgrade conditions). A more holistic approach to pavement design is provided which whilst providing some benefits has resulted in little guidance on the prediction and management of sub-grade conditions which strongly influence the overall pavement performance. Combining the above with an ‘observational’ method would enhance the performance approach by utilising a greater requirement to understand the site conditions and permit simple and appropri-ate changes to be made during construction to overcome any variability encountered, and ensure small areas of low performance are adequately managed and remediated. This paper describes the development and key elements of the current performance related guidance, and describes case studies for the observational ap-proach used in road construction schemes. It discusses the merits and limitations of both approaches, and pro-poses an appropriate step that could be made to better combine and integrate these procedures into a robust practical method for designing and specifying road foundations for the future.
Human umbilical cord blood cells form epidermis in the skin equivalent model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Please cite this paper as: Human umbilical cord blood cells form epidermis in the skin equivalent model. Experimental Dermatology 2010. Abstract: Recently, human embryonic stem cells have been differentiated in vitro into functional epidermal keratinocytes. Here, we demonstrated that these cells can be generated also from non‐embryonic, human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) cells that have the potential to differentiate into cells of non‐hematopoietic lineage. Human UCB mono‐nucleated cells were cultivated in monolayer and in three‐dimensional skin equivalent cultures and assayed for the presence of phenotype‐specific markers. Our results determined that after one month of culturing in serum containing medium, the hUCB cells produced morphologically homogeneous colonies of epithelial cells expressing keratinocyte‐specific markers. They also formed stratified epidermis in organ cultures that contained sporadic CD1a‐positive cells within the accurate strata. We concluded that hUCB cells have the capacity to differentiate into functional epidermal keratinocytes and may serve as a source of high‐quality keratinocytes for clinical applications.
The Drosophila Larval Locomotor Circuit Provides a Model to Understand Neural Circuit Development and Function

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

It is difficult to answer important questions in neuroscience, such as: “how do neural circuits generate behaviour?”, because research is limited by the complexity and inaccessibility of the mammalian nervous system. Invertebrate model organisms offer simpler networks that are easier to manipulate. As a result, much of what we know about the development of neural circuits is derived from work in crustaceans, nematode worms and arguably most of all, the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. This review aims to demonstrate the utility of the Drosophila larval locomotor network as a model circuit, to those who do not usually use the fly in their work. This utility is explored first by discussion of the relatively complete connectome associated with one identified interneuron of the locomotor circuit, A27h. Next, it is developed by examining its application to study two important areas of neuroscience research: critical periods of development and interindividual variability in neural circuits. In summary, this review highlights the potential of work conducted in the larval locomotor network to provide fundamental insight into circuit function that may contribute to better treatment, or cure, of disorders of neurodevelopment such as epilepsy and autism.
Dopamine receptor subtypes and incentive learning

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Dopamine receptor subtypes and incentive learning explains that dopamine receptors are G protein-coupled and form two families: D1-like receptors, including D1 and D5, stimulate adenylyl cyclase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP); D2-like receptors, including D2, D3, and D4, inhibit cAMP. Antipsychotic medications are dopamine receptor antagonists and their clinical potency is strongly correlated with blockade of D2 receptors, implicating overactivity of D2 receptors in psychosis in schizophrenia. D1- and D2-like receptors appear to be involved in unconditioned locomotor activity and incentive learning. D1-like receptors are implicated more strongly in incentive learning and D2-like receptors more strongly in locomotion. D3 receptors may play a relatively greater role in expression than acquisition of incentive learning. Dopamine receptor subtypes form heteromers with each other and with the receptors of other neurotransmitters (e.g., glutamate, adenosine, ghrelin) and the signaling properties of these heteromers can differ from those of either receptor in isolation.
Oxidation of Tetrahydro-β-carbolines by Persulfate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The development of\npersulfate-mediated oxidation of tetrahydro-β-carbolines is\nreported. This mild reaction facilitates the formation of a variety\nof 2-formyl <i>N</i>-substituted tryptamines and the related\nderivatives as key intermediates in moderate to excellent yields.\nThe method is applicable to direct last-stage oxidation of two interesting\npharmaceuticals, Cialis and evodiamine.
The prevalence and type of chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease in very old people.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One hundred men and 100 women between the ages of 70 and 89 years were examined clinically and with pulmonary function tests to determine the prevalence and type of chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease in very old people. Rhonchi were present in 45% of the old men and 24% of the old women. Obstruction to air flow (FEV(1) < 60% of FVC) was demonstrated in 23% of the men and 6% of the women. Chronic bronchitis was present in 32% and 12% of the old men and women, respectively. Only five individuals, all men, showed emphysema as defined by significant obstruction to air flow with a low diffusing capacity. In old people there was a relationship between smoking, chronic cough and obstruction to air flow.
Study on Anti-rust Additive of Micro Emulsive Cutting Fluid

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The corrosion mechanism of the bearing parts in processing and the antirust mechanism of micro emulsive cutting fluid are analyzed,and the organic acid triethanolamine is synthesized with triethanolamine and organic heterocyclic polycarboxylic acid.The results show that the organic acid triethanolamine has good properties of antirust and anticorrosion;when adding 6% organic acid triethanolamine,the performances of the micro emulsive cutting fluid are accordant with the Chinese standard.
Brill's Companion to Horace

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This volume centres on a detailed analysis of the whole corpus of Horace’s work by Edward Courtney ( Satires), Elaine Fantham ( Epistles I and Odes IV), Hans-Christian Günther ( Epodes, Odes I – III, Carmen Saeculare and Epistles II) and Tobias Reinhardt ( Ars Poetica). The latter is preceeded by a detailed account of Horace’s life and work in general by H.-C. Günther. Two appendices on the transmission of the text (E. Courtney) and style and metre (Peter Knox) conclude the volume. It is aimed at students and scholars of classical and modern literature who seek comprehensive orientation on all aspects of Horace’s work. All quotations from Latin and Greek are translated.
Molecular Characterization of Multi-drug Resistant Streptococcus pyogenes and Its Eradication Using Essential Oil of Zingiber officinale as a Natural Antimicrobial Agent

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

M ULTIDRUG-resistant (MDR) Streptococcus pyogenes is implicated in a variety of diseases.S. pyogenes has been found to produce novel enzymes to break down antibiotics more than most other bacteria.This study aimed to detect and to identify S. pyogenes in some clinical samples by serotyping method especially multidrug resistant S. pyogenes with detection and sequencing of meF and ermB genes responsible for Macrolide resistance, parC gene responsible for Quinelone resistance and folP gene responsible for Sulfonamide resistance and using essential oil of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a natural treatment agent for MDR S. pyogenes strains.S. pyogenes was detected in 60/120 throat and blood samples (50.0%).36/60 samples were found to be multidrug resistant.Men were more likely infected than women.The results indicated that 52.8% of S. pyogenes isolates harbored meF gene, 72.2% harbored ermB gene, 100.0%harbored parC gene and 100.0%harbored folP gene while 25% of them harbored the four genes.The sequencing alignment of meF, ermB, parC and folP genes showed some mutations in the four genes ranged between inversion mutation in meF gene, substitution mutation in ermB and parC genes and deletion and inversion mutations in folP gene.Zingiber officinale essential oil was analysed by GC-MS which illustrated that 17-Octadecynoic acid was the most common ingredient with percentage of 48.27%.20µg/ml was found to be the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC).
EPB908294 Supplemental Material1 - Supplemental material for Capability-wise walkability evaluation as an indicator of urban peripherality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Supplemental material, EPB908294 Supplemental Material1 for Capability-wise walkability evaluation as an indicator of urban peripherality by Ivan Blečić, Arnaldo Cecchini, Tanja Congiu, Giovanna Fancello, Valentina Talu and Giuseppe A Trunfio in EPB: Urban Analytics and City Science
Physical preparation of sportswomen engaged in sports aerobics at the initial stage of long-term training

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Аннотация Спортивная аэробика один из самых молодых видов спорта, который еще только формиру-ется. Вместе с тем, на этапе становления этого вида спорта методические вопросы подготовки ре-зерва еще не ставились. Это обусловлено тем, что основной контингент спортсменов обеспечивал-ся притоком из других видов гимнастики. Представлено обоснование и основные положения про-граммы физической подготовки спортсменов, занимающихся спортивной аэробикой в подготови-тельном периоде тренировочного макроцикла. Представлено описание результатов педагогическо-го эксперимента, в котором выяснялась эффективность программы физической подготовки, преду-сматривающей всестороннее физическое развитие, комплексную физическую подготовленность, закладку специфической функциональной базы. Было установлено, что использование эксперимен-тальной программы, обеспечивает всестороннее физическое развитие и комплексную физическую подготовленность, увеличение резервов здоровья и закладку специфической функциональной базы при существенном росте функциональной подготовленности и физической работоспособности. Ключевые слова
Clamping and buffering mechanism for large-caliber rocket projectiles based on bistable shells

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Long-range large-caliber rocket projectiles are prone to impact with the rail on the launch box due to overload during transportation. In order to hold the rocket tightly during transportation and quickly separate it during launch, this paper proposes a novel clamping mechanism based on the bistable shells, which can not only provide transportation protection for the rocket projectile but also quickly detach from the rocket projectile. Through numerical study, the force-displacement curve of a single clamping mechanism under instantaneous compression load and the opening process under pneumatic load were analyzed. Based on this, a finite element model simulating the overload during transportation was established to compare the effects with and without the clamping mechanism. The results show that the designed clamping mechanism meets the design expectations, providing excellent protection for the rocket projectile, and allowing for quick opening. This mechanism also has broad application prospects in other fields such as packaging Engineering and soft clamping mechanisms.
FIRST DETECTION OF THE $\nu_{7}(\sigma_{u})$ STRETCHING FUNDAMENTAL OF LINEAR $C_{9}$ AND STUDY OF THE $\nu_{5}(\sigma_{u})$ MODE OF LINEAR $C_{7}$ IN Ar AT 10 K

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

1. J.R. Heath and R.J. Saykally, J. Chem, Phys, 93, 8392 (1990).
Scientific Metaphysics and Ontology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The phrase scientific metaphysics is controversial and reveals some of the key developments in twentieth‐century analytic philosophy and philosophy of science. This entry reviews some of the major arguments concerning scientific metaphysics in the twentieth century. The logical positivists thought that metaphysics was meaningless and, as such, could have only a pernicious role in science. However, with the demise of logical positivism, other philosophers—that is, Karl Popper (1902–94), Imre Lakatos (1922–74), and W. V. O. Quine (1908–2000)—had much more positive conceptions of the role of metaphysics in science. Other scholars have explicated the more specific roles of metaphysical statements in science.
S -FP-Projective Modules and Dimensions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let R be a ring and let S be a multiplicative subset of R . An R -module M is said to be a u - S -absolutely pure module if Ext R 1 N , M is u - S -torsion for any finitely presented R -module N . This paper introduces and studies the notion of S -FP-projective modules, which extends the classical notion of FP-projective modules. An R -module M is called an S -FP-projective module if Ext R 1 M , N = 0 for any u - S -absolutely pure R -module N . We also introduce the S -FP-projective dimension of a module and the global S -FP-projective dimension of a ring. Then, the relationship between the S -FP-projective dimension and other homological dimensions is discussed.
Synthesis of aluminum methylcyclohexylphosphinate and its use as flame retardant for epoxy resin

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY A novel aluminum phosphinate—aluminum methylcyclohexylphosphinate (Al(MHP))—was synthesized by reacting n ‐butyl methylphosphonite with cyclohexene, followed by reacting with anhydrous AlCl 3 . The products were characterized with gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance, phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance, X‐ray fluorescent spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. After blending with epoxy resin (EP), flame retardancy was estimated with the use of limited oxygen index (LOI) and UL‐94 test, and thermal stability was investigated using TG analysis. The morphologies and composition of the char obtained after being heated at 300 °C for 20 min followed by 500 °C for 3 min in the muffle furnace were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis. Results showed that Al(MHP) is an efficient flame retardant for EP, and Al(MHP)/EP can pass UL‐94V‐0 rating with an LOI of 28.8% by adding 15 wt.% of Al(MHP). TG results showed that the presence of Al(MHP) in EP increases the char yield and depresses the thermal decomposition. SEM‐EDX analysis showed that the char obtained at 300 °C is coherent and consists of P‐rich components; at higher temperature (500 °C), the char becomes tiny and loose and phosphorus element is released into gas. Compared with neat EP, composites have lower water absorption. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.