jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ruminant Digestion on Germination of Lehmann Love-Grass Seed

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees) seed (germination 96%, dormant 0%) was used in 4 experiments to study the potential of sheep as a dispersal agent. Five, 4-year-old, ruminally cannulated wethers were used to examine effects of ruminant digestion on seed recovery and germination. All wethers were ruminally evacuated, and rumens were cleansed and reinoculated with strained ruminal fluid. After a 21-day adaptation to pelleted alfalfa, 4 experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 was designed to test viability of Lehmann lovegrass seeds exposed to ruminal and postruminal digestion. Lehmann lovegrass seed (10 g) was dosed intra-ruminally via ruminal fistula, and total fecal collections made. Of the viable seed ruminally dosed, 37% germinated within 21 days after recovery. Also, 98 to 100% of the seed that germinated was recovered within 72 hours of dosing. Experiment 2 was designed to test the influence of ruminal microbial digestion on seed degradation and viability, using in sacco nylon bag techniques. In sacco dry matter disappearance increased linearly from 5.5% at 3 hours of incubation to 16% at 120 hours. Germination of seed was not greatly affected until after 72 hours of ruminal incubation. Experiment 3 was designed to examine the effect of mastication on viability of Lehmann lovegrass seeds. Seeds were mixed with seed-free Lehmann lovegrass straw in a proportion of 1 to 10 (seed to straw) and 10 g fed to each wether. Boli were recovered manually via ruminal fistula. Thirty five percent of the seed fed entered the rumen without damage due to mastication. Experiment 4 compared in vitro techniques and in sacco techniques used to estimate the effect of digestion on seed viability. In vitro incubation techniques yielded similar results as in sacco techniques. We conclude that ruminants are potential disseminating agents of Lehmann lovegrass seed.
Lifestyle Factors and Energy Intakes with Risks of Breast Cancer among Pre- and Post- Menopausal Women in Taiwan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although the incidence of invasive breast cancer (BC) among women in Asian is generally lower than that in Western countries, the incidence of BC has been on the rise in the past three decades in Asian countries. This hospital-based case-control study aimed to explore the relationship between dietary and metabolic factors and BC risk in pre- and post-menopausal women. We enrolled 285 patients with newly diagnosed BC at the National Taiwan University Hospital and 297 controls from the local community and hospital staff. Before receiving anticancer therapy, all patients with BC and control participants completed a 57-question semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. For pre-menopausal women, plant-based factor scores rich in seeds and nuts, soy, fruits, and seaweeds correlated significantly with reduced BC risks, whereas menarche occurring at <12 years of age, reduced physical activity, and high-density lipoprotein <40 mg/dL were associated with increased BC risks. For post-menopausal women, plant-based dietary factor scores were also associated with reduced risks, whereas increased body mass index and energy intake levels correlated with increased BC risks. Diets rich in plant-based dietary patterns are protective against BC risk, regardless of menopausal status. Habitual physical activity is protective against BC risk among pre-menopausal Taiwanese women. Maintaining optimal weight and caloric intake is beneficial for reducing post-menopausal BC risk.
The Dorsal Scapular Island Flap: An Alternative for Head, Neck, and Chest Reconstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The back has become an increasingly popular donor site for flaps because it can provide thin, pliable tissue, with minimal bulk, and the scar can be easily hidden under clothing. The authors performed a cadaveric and clinical study to evaluate the anatomy of the dorsal scapular vessels and their vascular contribution to the skin, fascia, and muscles of the back. On the basis of anatomical studies in 28 cadavers and clinical experience with 32 cases, it was concluded that the dorsal scapular vessels provide a reliable blood supply to the skin of the medial back, making it a versatile flap to use as an island flap. A flap raised on the dorsal scapular vessels can be harvested with a long pedicle and can be rotated to reach as far as the anterior regions of the head, neck, and chest wall. Delaying and expanding the flap may help to facilitate venous drainage. The authors recommend the use of this versatile island pedicle flap as an alternative to microvascular free-tissue transfer for the reconstruction of defects in the head, neck, and anterior chest. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 111: 67, 2003.)
Overtone Spectra of Gongs used in Music Therapy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) study of gong sound spectrograms was carried out on four gongs manufactured by Paiste Company, Switzerland. The results show complex spectra, presented in detail in the present work, that explain the extraordinary sound of the gongs. Each gong has its unique spectrum and its unique time-decay characteristics. The overtone series of the gongs include consonant and dissonant intervals, and have no relation to the harmonic overtone series of musical tones. The theory of an ideal circular membrane was applied in computation of the overtone spectrum of one gong ("World" gong), leading to very good agreement between computed and measured data. Comparison of gongs to other percussions is discussed, and, in particular, a comparison is made with spectra of church bells, vibraphone, and Tibetan singing bowl. The overtone series of the various gongs were found to provide satisfactory explanation to the effect of the gongs on patients subjected to music therapy with gongs. In addition, a special case history of an effect of certain percussion sounds, of interest to music therapy, is described and interpreted with the help of results of FFT analysis.
Regulation of Molecular Weight Characteristics and Microtacticity of Polyhexene Produced over Highly Active Supported Titanium–Magnesium Catalysts

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The data on the effect of polymerization temperature of 1‐hexene within the 30–70 °C range in the presence of a highly active supported titanium–magnesium catalyst on molecular weight characteristics and microtacticity of polyhexene, with cocatalyst composition being additionally varied (AlEt 3 or Al( i ‐Bu) 3 ), in the absence and presence of an external stereoregulating electron‐donating compound and hydrogen, are reported. Polymerization conditions, making it possible to specifically regulate molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of polyhexene over a broad range (( M w = 7 × 10 4 –2.2 × 10 6 g mol −1 ; M w / M n = 3.7–33) and regulate isotacticity of polyhexene (content of mmmm pentads from 56% to 96%), while retaining high catalyst activity, are determined.
A Study on Self-Leadership and Job Involvement of Multicultural Family Home-Visit Instructors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in self-leadership and job involvement based on the education levels, majors, and teaching experiences of multicultural family home-visit instructors and the influence of self-leadership on job involvement. Methods 668 home-visit instructors participated in the online survey from 140 multicultural family support centers in Seoul, 6 metropolitan cities, 9 provinces, and other cities and counties. Data were analyzed through frequency, percentages, Pearsonâs correlations, one-way ANOVA, ScheffÃ© post-hoc test, and stepwise multi-regression using SPSS 21.0. Results The main findings are as follows. First, instructors who were high school graduates had significantly higher scores in self-leadership than the other groups. There was only a significant difference in self-reward of self-leadership based on their majors. There were no significant differences in job involvement based on the education level and major. The greater their home-visit teaching experiences, the higher their scores in self-leadership and job involvement. Second, the stepwise multiple regression model showed that self-expectation, self-goal setting, constructive thinking, and rehearsal of self-leadership explained 49% of the total variance in job involvement. Conclusion Even though the high school graduates had significantly higher scores in self-expectation, rehearsal, and constructive thinking of self-leadership than the other groups, over-generalization should be avoided because the sample size was relatively small. Based on the finding that greater home-visit teaching experiences was associated with higher self-leadership and job involvement, it would be necessary to improve working condition to prevent instructors from changing jobs. These findings stress the importance of providing opportunities for home-visit instructors to develop leadership, thus improving job involvement. Keywords: multicultural family, home-visit instructor, self-leadership, job involvement, postnatal depression, motherâs depression, motherâs parenting stress
Bullous pemphigoid and mucous membrane pemphigoid humoral responses differ in reactivity towards BP180 midportion and BP230

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) and mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) are rare autoimmune blistering disorders characterized by autoantibodies (autoAbs) targeting dermo-epidermal junction components such as BP180 and BP230. The differential diagnosis, based on both the time of appearance and the extension of cutaneous and/or mucosal lesions, is crucial to distinguish these diseases for improving therapy outcomes and delineating the correct prognosis; however, in some cases, it can be challenging. In addition, negative results obtained by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with BP and MMP sera, especially from patients with ocular involvement, often delay diagnosis and treatment, leading to a greater risk of poor outcomes. Our aim was to find potentially different reactivity profiles in BP and MMP and improve available approaches for diagnosis with focus on ocular MMP. Two cohorts of 90 BP and 90 MMP, recruited from different Italian clinical centers, were characterized also employing a novel ELISA based on the BP180 extracellular domain (ECD-BP180). Immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactivity to BP180 and BP230 in MMP sera was significantly reduced in comparison with BP, mostly affecting BP230 and E-1080 (53% and 36% in BP vs. 11% and 3% in MMP, respectively, p < 0.0001). The combined sensitivity of BP180-NC16A and ECD-BP180 ELISAs was greater compared to BP180-NC16A and BP230 ELISAs both in BP (97% and 92%, respectively) and in MMP (42% and 31%, respectively). The present study shows that MMP patients with ocular involvement rarely reacted to BP180 by IgG in contrast with patients with oral and/or cutaneous involvement (p = 0.0245 and p = 0.0377, respectively), suggesting that an oral and/or cutaneous MMP positive to BP180 hardly evolves to ocular MMP. Of note, one-third of ocular MMP showed immunoglobulin A (IgA) reactivity to ECD-BP180 by immunoblotting. The present study provides several hints to perform a correct and timely diagnosis in BP and MMP, which is crucial for improving therapy outcomes and delineating the correct prognosis.
Initial psychological reaction and social support in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Delhi

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

International Journal of Medicine and Public Health,2013,3,4,244-249.DOI:10.4103/2230-8598.123431Published:October/2013Type:Original ArticleInitial psychological reaction and social support in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus in DelhiJugal Kishore, Charu Kohli, Neeru Gupta, Neha Gupta, and Prakash Chandra Ray Jugal Kishore, Charu Kohli, Neeru Gupta1, Neeta Kumar1, Neha Gupta, Prakash Chandra Ray2 Department of Community Medicine, 2Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, 1Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India Abstract:Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM) is a progressive chronic disease which places a significant burden of self-management on the individuals and their families. Negative attitude and lack of social support, particularly from friends and family, are considered the barriers to adherence and self-care. Objective: To assess the initial psychological reaction, attitude and social support in patients of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Materials and Methods: A community based prospective follow up study was conducted in rural and urban areas of Delhi. A total of 98 patients, either known diabetics or those after testing positive with blood-test during screening for diabetes, were selected after systematic random sampling and interviewed using pretested pre-designed questionnaire after 4 months of initial screening survey for diabetes. Data was analysed using SPSS software (version 16). Chi-square and fisher's exact tests were used and accepted statistically significant if P value was less than 0.05. Results: It was found that more rural patients (56, 88.9%) felt disappointed compared to those residing in urban areas (13, 61.9%), when their families denied them from eating prohibited diet (2=13.82, P=0.001). Rural families were reported to be more supportive for food and exercise issue (2=12.51, P=0.001). A higher proportion of patients in urban area (13, 41.9%) compared to rural patients (3, 4.5%) perceived that disease would affect their married life (2=22.15, P=0.001). However, no significant difference in negative attitude and social support was found during the gender, occupation and education status assessment. Conclusion: Psycho-social management of diabetes need to be targeted and addressed. Diabetes management programs should find ways to build and improvise social support for patients. Keywords:Rural-urban Delhi, Self care, Social demographic factors, Type 2 diabetic mellitusView:PDF (361.85 KB)
Spinal Anesthesia with Hypobaric Ropivacaine and Morphine in a Cat with a Unilateral Pelvic Fracture

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Spinal Anesthesia with Hypobaric Ropivacaine and Morphine in a Cat with a Unilateral Pelvic Fracture A 5-year-old female, neutered domestic short-hair cat was presented for unilateral pelvic fracture. A balanced anesthesia technique was used in this patient. Spinal anesthesia was performed to provide analgesia, muscle relaxation and decrease requirements of general anesthetics during the surgical procedure and decrease the dose of systemic analgesics postoperatively. The technique was carried out with the patient in sternal recumbency introducing a spinal needle into the subarachnoid space between lumbar vertebra 7th and sacrum. Once cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was visualized in the needle hub a hypobaric mixture of analgesics was administered.
Serum Zinc Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome are Lower as Compared to Those without Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A BSTRACT Background: Zinc is an essential micronutrient, a vital stabiliser and a cofactor in many enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and phospholipase C and also acts as an antioxidant by protecting the sulfhydryl groups of different proteins and enzymes against free radicals. It is unclear if serum zinc levels are correlated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its pathophysiology, although relation between diabetes and insulin resistance has been established. Aims: This study aimed to investigate circulating serum zinc levels in PCOS subjects compared with non-PCOS subjects. Settings and Design: In this cohort study, PCOS subjects were compared with normal subjects aged between 18 and 35. Materials and Methods: All the included subjects underwent measurement of anthropometric parameters, fasting insulin, luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, progesterone, oestrogen and serum zinc levels. These values were taken on days 2–5 of the menstrual cycle. Statistical Analysis Used: Univariate analysis and linear regression were performed for serum zinc levels and fasting insulin levels in PCOS subjects and non-PCOS subjects using SPSS (version 21) and Microsoft Excel (2019). Results: Serum zinc levels in the PCOS group were lower than in the control group ( P = 0.012). Fasting insulin levels in the PCOS group were higher than in non-PCOS subjects ( P = 0.001). We found a negative correlation between zinc and fasting insulin ( r = −0.580, P < 0.0001) in the normal group and ( r = −0.332, P = 0.019) in the PCOS group. A positive correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) and fasting insulin levels in both the PCOS group ( r = 0.227, P = 0.112) and normals ( r = 0.612, P < 0.0001). A negative statistically significant correlation between BMI and zinc in both the PCOS group ( r = −0.378, P = 0.007) and the non-PCOS group ( r = −0.7452, P < 0.0001) was seen. Conclusion: The data suggest that serum zinc levels were found to be lower in PCOS subjects as compared to normal controls and evaluation of these levels may indicate that zinc has a vital role in PCOS pathophysiology.
Alternative Pathways for the Repair of RAG-Induced DNA Breaks

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RAG1 and RAG2 cleave DNA to generate blunt signal ends and hairpin coding ends at antigen receptor loci in lymphoid cells. During V(D)J recombination, repair of these RAG-generated double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway contributes substantially to the antigen receptor diversity necessary for immune system function, although recent evidence also supports the ability of RAG-generated breaks to undergo homology-directed repair (HDR). We have determined that RAG-generated chromosomal breaks can be repaired by pathways other than NHEJ in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, although repair by these pathways occurs at a significantly lower frequency than NHEJ. HDR frequency was estimated to be >or=40-fold lower than NHEJ frequency for both coding end and signal end reporters. Repair by single-strand annealing was estimated to occur at a comparable or lower frequency than HDR. As expected, V(D)J recombination was substantially impaired in cells deficient for the NHEJ components Ku70, XRCC4, and DNA-PKcs. Concomitant with decreased NHEJ, RAG-induced HDR was increased in each of the mutants, including cells lacking DNA-PKcs, which has been implicated in hairpin opening. HDR was increased to the largest extent in Ku70-/- cells, implicating the Ku70/80 DNA end-binding protein in regulating pathway choice. Thus, RAG-generated DSBs are typically repaired by the NHEJ pathway in ES cells, but in the absence of NHEJ components, a substantial fraction of breaks can be efficiently channeled into alternative pathways in these cells.
Biometrics Systems Under Spoofing Attack: An evaluation methodology and lessons learned

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Biometrics already form a significant component of current and emerging identification technologies. Biometrics systems aim to determine or verify the identity of an individual from their behavioral and/or biological characteristics. Despite significant progress, some biometric systems fail to meet the multitude of stringent security and robustness requirements to support their deployment in some practical scenarios. Among current concerns are vulnerabilities to spoofing?persons who masquerade as others to gain illegitimate accesses to protected data, services, or facilities. While the study of spoofing, or rather antispoofing, has attracted growing interest in recent years, the problem is far from being solved and will require far greater attention in the coming years. This tutorial article presents an introduction to spoofing and antispoofing research. It describes the vulnerabilities, presents an evaluation methodology for the assessment of spoofing and countermeasures, and outlines research priorities for the future.
THE INFLUENCE OF RELIGION ON THE PROCESSES OF MEANING OF TEACHERS' GENDER CONCEPTIONS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article discusses part of the results of a master's research on the gender conceptions of early childhood education teachers carried out at a Brazilian federal university. The objective of this qualitative study was to analyze the influence of religion in the production of meanings of gender conceptions of early childhood education teachers. Cultural Psychology was adopted as a theoretical perspective with assumptions of Dialogical Self and Positioning Theories. Data were produced through narrative interviews of life stories and analyzed using the Dialogic Thematic Analysis Method, through which recurrent themes and subthemes were identified in the narratives. The results indicated the strong presence of religion as a constitutive element of the teachers' gender conceptions and pointed to the significant influence of these conceptions on their pedagogical practices. Such findings point to the need for the school to have occasions that allow for debate and reflection on the impacts that pedagogical practices based on religious values can generate in the general education of students and the necessary reformulation of teacher training courses on this subject.
Review for Disease of the Year Clinical Features and Ocular Imaging in Intermediate Uveitis and Pars Planitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intermediate uveitis is a relatively common form of intraocular inflammation that can be seen at any age. The vitreous is the primary site of inflammation; and the presence of snowballs or snowbank defines its subtype, pars planitis. Since it is a clinical diagnosis, it is important to recognize the typical clinical features and associated ocular complications. Recent advances in ocular imaging have made significant contributions to the clinical appraisal and studies of intermediate uveitis. This narrative review includes clinical signs, ocular complications, and ocular imaging of intermediate uveitis and pars planitis.
How Atmospheric Oxygen Modulates Earth's Magnetic Field — A USP Field Perspective

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This visual and accompanying concept paper explore the subtle yet significant influence of atmospheric oxygen on Earth's magnetic field. Drawing from the USP Field Theory, we propose that ionized oxygen in the upper atmosphere, though only weakly conductive, plays a role in modulating the planet’s spin field coherence. This interaction may help explain the long-term correlation between atmospheric oxygen levels and magnetic field strength observed in geophysical records. The infographic visually summarizes this relationship and offers a field-theoretic extension to conventional geodynamo models.