jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Graph-based Analysis Approach to Cluster Lifetime Dynamics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Spatial-temporal data analysis helps uncover value from data that moves through space and time. One such data analysis technique is clustering, which groups data based on a distance function to identify outliers or assist in classification tasks. Once spatial-temporal data is clustered with respect to space and time, cluster relationships can be observed, such as clusters entering or leaving another, merging, or splitting. A cluster lifetime describes the relationships that a given cluster had from its start to finish. The set of all cluster lifetimes that are related by the relationships describe a cluster dynamic. In this paper, we report our work in progress on a graph-based analysis approach to cluster lifetime dynamics. We discuss how cluster dynamics can be represented using graphs and the opportunities resulting from this approach, including visualization, graph pattern mining, graph classification, and graph compression. Enabled by graph-processing techniques, the proposed approach facilitates tasks such as the detection of regions of significant increase or decrease in the number of cluster elements (e.g. traffic jams), the calculation of a rise or decay parameter to describe this behavior for classification or comparison tasks, and the identification of a cluster's lifetime, direction, and distance from or to a given point of interest.
ANN model to predict the performance of parabolic dish collector with tubular cavity receiver

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the thermal performance of a parabolic dish concentrator with a rectangular-tubular cavity receiver was investigated. The thermal oil was used as the working fluid in the solar collector system. The performance of the cavity receiver was studied in two ways as a numerical modeling method and the artificial neural networks (ANNs) methodology. In this study, three variable parameters including the different tube diameters equal to 5, 10, 22, and 35 mm, and different cavity depths equal to 0.5a, 0.75a, 1a, 1.5a, and 2a were considered. The purpose of this study is the prediction of the thermal performance of the cavity receiver in different amounts of solar irradiance, the cavity depth, and the diameter of tube by the ANN methodology. The main benefit of the ANN method, in comparison with the numerical modeling method, is the calculation time and cost saving. The results reveal that the ANN method can accurately predict the thermal performance of the cavity receiver at different variable parameters of the cavity depth, and tube diameter with R2 = 0.99 for each prediction.
Concept Analysis of Illness Acceptance in Chronic Disease: Application of Hybrid Model Method

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: This study was done clarify the concept of illness acceptance in patients with chronic disease.Methods: This study was conducted using a hybrid model of concept analysis that consists of three phases. In the theoretical phase, a working definition was formulated through a systematic review. In the fieldwork phase, five participants who had diabetes or hypertension for at least one year were interviewed. In the third phase, the results were combined in the final analysis.Results: There are three phases of accepting an illness: experiencing the limits, disease management, and designing new life. At the experience of the limits and disease management stages, the attributes of physical, psychological and social domains were derived, but at the stage of designing their new life, integrated attributes of these three domains were derived.Conclusion: Illness acceptance of chronic disease was defined as a continuous and dynamic process in three phases. First, patients experience limitations due to the disease, such as physical illness, psychological instability, and difficulty performing social roles. Second, patients manage the disease by engaging in self-management, psychological coping strategies, and establishing social support. Third, patients design their new life by seeking better health-related quality of life and integrating the illness into their everyday life. However, patients experienced negative changes when disease management was not performed properly. The fact that illness acceptance could be cyclic means the difference between illness and loss/death acceptance. Nurse should develop and provide an integrated nursing intervention that is appropriate for phases of illness acceptance.
Abstract 101: Association Of Cardiovascular Disorder Requiring Intubation To In-hospital Mortality And Discharge Status Of The Patients: Analysis Of 17,128 Hospitalizations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Endotracheal intubations are a vital cornerstone of care for critically ill patients. The decision to intubate a critically ill patient is often complicated secondary to long term prognosis of underlying illness and extent of aggressive treatment a patient would desire. This study was done to identify association of cardiovascular disorder requiring endotracheal intubation to in-hospital mortality and discharge status of the patients. Methods: Nationwide Inpatient Sample data (which represents 20% of all the hospitals data in US) was used for the study and data related to all the intubations for the year 2011 was extracted. Patients with complete data on endotracheal intubations associated with primary cardiovascular diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrest and ventricular fibrillation (CA/VFib), congestive heart failure (CHF), acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and cardiac dysrhythmia were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS. Results: A total of 17,128 intubations associated with primary cardiovascular diagnosis were identified. In-hospital mortality for endotracheal intubations secondary to cardiovascular etiology was significantly higher than intubations secondary to non-cardiovascular etiology (58.5 % vs 29.43%, p value <0.001). CA/VFib (84.39%), MI (61.74%) and CVA (60.67%) were associated with significantly higher in-hospital mortality than cardiac dysrhythmia (49.44%) and CHF (42.11%) (p value <0.001). Patients with CHF were associated with significantly higher routine discharges (15.33%) or transfer to another short term hospital (12.53%) and patients with CVA were associated with discharge to another health care institution (23.42%) (p value <0.001). Conclusions: Our study reports that patients who are intubated secondary to cardiovascular etiology have higher in-hospital mortality. Among these patients, patients having cardiac arrest/ventricular fibrillation have high in-hospital mortality and patients with CHF have higher routine discharges. This data can help clinicians to have well informed discussion with the family and weigh the risk and benefits of aggressively treating certain populations of critically ill cardiac patients with endotracheal intubation.
Effect of Transformation on Ridging Phenomena in an Fe-10Cr Alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A study has been made to examine the effect of transformation on ridging phenomena occurring in ferritic stainless steels, using an iron-based alloy transformable.The ridging occurred also in the alloy. In the specimens cold-rolled after having been directly cut from the ingot, the ridging occurrence was not suppressed only by the heat treatment for recrystallization. But it was suppressed by the treatment for transformation. The condition for the suppression did not depend on the type of the transformation, such as martensitic. In the specimens cold-rolled after the transformations, although the ridging appeared, its size was found to be smaller than that without the transformation. On the other hand, the variations resulting from the transformation, such as grain refining, strengthening of matrix, and change in the textures by various processes, were considered not to relate directly to the mechanism of suppression for the ridging occurrence.From these results, the effect of the transformation on the suppression for the ridging phenomena was concluded as follows. By transforming, the elongated grains formed during rolling, some of which may behave as a single crystal under straining, are divided into much more fine grains with various orientations, and thus the orientational rotation of the elongated grains becomes difficult to develop.
The global existence and blowup of the classical solution to the relativistic dust in a FLRW geometry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper is concerned with the global existence and blowup of the classical solution to the Cauchy problem of the relativistic Euler equation with $ p=0 $ in a fixed Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetime. The aim of this work is to study clearly the effect of the expansion rate of the spacetime on the life span of the classical solution to the pressureless fluid. Since the density and the velocity of the relativistic dust admits the same principal part, we can obtain much more accurate results by the characteristic method rather than energy estimates.
The Right to Liberty

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Often arbitrary, the use of immigration detention as a border control measure may impede not only the right to liberty, but also an individual’s right to seek asylum, arguably a principle of customary international law, and may expose them to the risk of refoulement. As such, alongside the catalogue of human rights issues to which the practice commonly gives rise, immigration detention can jeopardize some of international refugee law’s most fundamental principles. This chapter considers how and why immigration detention has become such an intractable problem, international standards notwithstanding. The chapter focuses on the right to liberty, first situating the use of immigration detention in global and historical context. It then provides an overview of key aspects of the international legal architecture. Recognizing that other socio-political dynamics shape State practice, the chapter then considers the role of criminalizing and securitizing discourses that are used to rationalize (and even normalize) immigration detention. It suggests that these discourses are crucial to contemporary understandings of, and justifications for, the use and extraterritorial procurement of immigration detention as a border control measure. It argues that paying attention to the history and context of immigration detention and how it is rationalized will reveal more about what law is and does and the mischiefs of which it is capable than doctrinal analysis can do alone. Finally, it suggests the Global Compact on Migration to be a useful lens through which future research might usefully tackle the problem of immigration detention.
Influence of continuous medical online guide on prehospital CPR success rate

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the effect of continuous medical online guide on the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation( CPR) in prehospital cardiac and respiratory arrest patients. Methods 76 cases of patients with sudden cardiac and respiratory arrest were randomly selected from the database from emergency department of Jiangyou Orthopaedic Hospital,38 cases from March2005 to October 2010 were in the control group and another 38 cases from November 2010 to October 2014 were in experimental group.The control group was the medical online guide group which process was as following: after receiving emergency calls the medical staff acquainted the patient's condition from first responder,then guided first responder to give CPR to patients which was diagnosed as cardiac and respiratory arrest,but the guidance of recovery process was not continued. The experimental group was continuous medical online guide group; its process as following: the CPR was guided by a senior attending physician,and the CPR was continued until the CPR succeeded or the emergency personnel arrived at the scene. The success rate of CPR between the two groups was compared.Results The success rate of the control group was 7. 89%( 3 /38),and that of the experimental group was 26. 31%( 10 /38). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant( χ2= 4. 547,P 0. 05). Conclusions By continuous medical online guide,first responder to give the pre-hospital sudden cardiac and respiratory arrest patients CPR,the success rate of pre-hospital CPR will be improved.
The influence of preparturient intramammary vaccination on bovine mamary secretions. Antibody activity and protective value against Escherichia coli enteric infections.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Four cows were each vaccinated in two mammary glands with a live, formalin treated, Escherichia coli vaccine. Colostrum and milk samples taken in the first 3–4 days after calving, inhibited multiplication of the vaccine strain of bacteria. There was no bactericidal activity. After 4 days, multiplication was inhibited by milk whey from the vaccinated glands and not by whey from non-vaccinated glands. The difference in multiplication rate of E. coli added to whey from the vaccinated and non-vaccinated glands continued for at least 28 days. The antibody causing the multiplication inhibition was specific to the vaccine strain within the limits of serotypes tested. Marked differences in indirect haemagglutinating antibody activity were found between mammary secretions from vaccinated and non-vaccinated glands and were still evident 464 days after vaccination. Gnotobiotic pigs infected with one of the E. coli strains used for the preparation of vaccine were protected when fed whey from cows vaccinated with the homologous or heterologous antigens. Whey from non-vaccinated cows gave no protection.
Photo-addressable multi-stable optical switch

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This work demonstrates an optically switchable tristable optical switch that is based on the light–matter interactions of dichroic dyes, azo-chiral and liquid crystal. Tristable attenuation, scattering, and transparent states can be achieved using the dichroic dye doped fingerprint, focal conic, and homeotropic textures, respectively. All states can stably exist for several hours, and be switched from one state to another through light-induced isomerization effect of azo-chiral. Such a multi-stable optical switch exhibits easy switching, a desirable contrast ratio, and low power consumption. It therefore exhibits the potential to be utilized in practical portable information systems
Inhomogeneous q -Differential Realization, Inhomogeneous q -Boson Realization of Quantum Group SU(n) q and Its Indecomposable Representations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An inhomogeneous q-differential realization (q-IHDR) and its corresponding inhomogeneous q-boson realization (q-IHBR) of quantum group SU(n)q, are studied. By making use of the q-IHBR a kind of infinite dimensional indecomposable and irreducible representations of SU(n)q, is studied on the q-Fock space. The finite dimensional irreducible representations of SU(n)q, are obtained on the finite dimensional subspaces of q-Fock space. As an example, these representations of SU(2)q, are studied in detail and Jimbo standard irreducible representations are obtained.
The Important Page in the History of the Leningrad-Petersburg Library School

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Historical essay written by Anatoly Vaneev, the head of subdepartment of library science of the Saint-Petersburg University of Culture and Arts since 1974 to 1995, opens celebrations in honour of future centenary of the Saint-Petersburg University of Culture and Arts. Exactly thanks to the works of A. Vaneev the Russian library science was enriched by contribution of leningrad-saintpetersburg school. The author made in-depth and comprehensive account of his colleagues’ publications: M. Arkhipova, I. Barenbaum, E. Gorsh, V. Kreidenko, V. Sakharov, N. Skrypnev, G. Firsov, N. Chagina and many others whose works are in the list of the most important sources of the historical essay.
Benzothiadiazole induces the accumulation of phenolics in strawberry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We have studied the potency of benzothiadiazole against powdery mildew disease in strawberry under greenhouse conditions, where the disease can be a problem. \n \nThe results show that, in addition to other cultivation techniques, BTH-induced resistance could be exploited to obtain fruits with higher amount of beneficial health compounds.
Strongly Coupled Redox-Linked Conformational Switching at the Active Site of the Non-Heme Iron-Dependent Dioxygenase, TauD

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

2-Oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent dioxygenases catalyze C-H activation while performing a wide range of chemical transformations. In contrast to their heme analogues, non-heme iron centers afford greater structural flexibility with important implications for their diverse catalytic mechanisms. We characterize an in situ structural model of the putative transient ferric intermediate of 2OG:taurine dioxygenase (TauD) by using a combination of spectroelectrochemical and semi-empirical computational methods, demonstrating that the Fe (III/II) transition involves a substantial, fully reversible, redox-linked conformational change at the active site. This rearrangement alters the apparent redox potential of the active site between -127 mV for reduction of the ferric state and 171 mV for oxidation of the ferrous state of the 2OG-Fe-TauD complex. Structural perturbations exhibit limited sensitivity to mediator concentrations and potential pulse duration. Similar changes were observed in the Fe-TauD and taurine-2OG-Fe-TauD complexes, thus attributing the reorganization to the protein moiety rather than the cosubstrates. Redox difference infrared spectra indicate a reorganization of the protein backbone in addition to the involvement of carboxylate and histidine ligands. Quantitative modeling of the transient redox response using two alternative reaction schemes across a variety of experimental conditions strongly supports the proposal for intrinsic protein reorganization as the origin of the experimental observations.
Vacuum-assisted Closure for the Treatment of Lymphorrhea Following Surgery of the Femoral Artery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lymphorrhea is a common complication after inguinal dissection for exposure of the femoral artery.Injury of the lymphatics occurs frequently because they are anatomically close to blood vessels.Uncontrolled lymph drainage increases postoperative morbidity, and wound infection may follow.Despite current treatment options, lymphorrhea after inguinal dissection is still difficult to manage and results in a prolonged hospital stay.A vacuum-assisted closure device was used in a 72-year-old woman who had lymphorrhea after vascular surgery by groin incision.Vacuum-assisted control for lymphorrhea resulted in earlier closure of the wound and reduced the length of hospital stay.
Dampak Perubahan Batas Usia Nikah Terhadap Dispensasi Nikah di Pengadilan Agama

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Marriage or what is often called marriage is a common thing done by all humans on earth. In the Qur'an it is stated that living in pairs, living in pairs is the instinct of all creatures of Allah SWT, including humans. In our country, Indonesia, there is a law regarding the age of a person who wants to get married, but the law has been revised, namely in the decision of the Constitutional Court which has amended the marriage law No. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage which states that "Marriage is only permitted if a man reaches the age of 19 (nineteen) years for the woman to reach 16 (sixteen) years" which was changed or revised to Number 16 of 2019 concerning marriage which states that "Marriage is only permitted if a man and woman reach the age of 19 years". This has changed the age of women from 16 years to 19 years. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of changing the age limit for marriage in the Padangsidimpuan City Religious Court. Based on the theoretical study and research results that have been carried out by the author at the Padangsidimpuan City Religious Court, the following conclusions can be drawn: With the enactment of Law Number 16 of 2019 it has an impact on the Padangsidimpuan City Religious Court itself, namely the increase in public submissions. Regarding cases of marriage dispensation applications, which is seen from the data, namely in October 2019 there were only 30 cases after the enactment of Law Number 16 of 2019 which proposed 59 cases from January 2020 to January 2022. And this also resulted in several people getting married early dropouts because one of the schools no longer accepts married students.
Criminal Laws in Australia: Cases and Materials

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThis book is the most user-friendly of all the criminal law books currently available in Australia. This is the only book that deals comprehensively with the criminal law in all Australian states and territories. Unlike the other criminal law books available to Australian law lecturers, it is both a casebook and textbook.<br />\n\t\t\t\t
The Effects of COVID-19 on Public Secondary Schools Operating in Various Economic Environments. A Case Study of Schools in Metros South and Central Schools, Western Cape

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on public secondary schools operating in various economic environments for schools in Metros South and Central Schools, Western Cape. Materials and Methods: The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining semi-structured interviews and structured questionnaires, to explore the impact of COVID-19 on public secondary schools from the perspectives of principals, teachers, learners, and parents. The data analysis involved qualitative coding and quantitative statistical analysis, while addressing ethical considerations throughout the process. Findings: The study found that School A in the economically disadvantaged Metro South area experienced higher losses of relatives, friends, and income due to COVID-19, compared to a school in Metro Central. School A also faced greater disruptions to sociocultural practices like school closures and outdoor restrictions, highlighting the pandemic's disproportionate impact on disadvantaged communities. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study contributes to Transactional Distance Theory and Self-Regulated Learning Theory by showing how COVID-19 disruptions disproportionately impacted disadvantaged schools' ability to bridge distances and support self-regulation. For practice and policy, it highlights the need for targeted interventions and equitable resource allocation addressing systemic inequalities in South Africa's education system.
Advances In Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Induction Techniques For Improved Discrimination And Identification Of Buried Unexploded Ordnance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cost effective cleanup of lands contaminated with buried UXO requires significant advances<br>in our current capability to discriminate and identify UXO in cluttered environments.<br>Recently completed field tests have demonstrated that frequency domain sensors, such as<br>Geophex Ltd’s GEM-3, can reliably separate UXO targets from clutter objects based on their<br>complex broadband EM signatures. These field tests have also identified a number of areas<br>where improvements are needed before this technology is transitioned to full-scale UXO<br>cleanup applications. This paper describes our progress in addressing these needs, including<br>(a) improving our understanding of the GEM-3 phenomenology, (b) the development and<br>validation of physics-based analytical and numerical models of UXO target responses, and<br>(c) the development of improved multifrequency EM sensor prototypes. Recent<br>enhancements to our multifrequency EM data collection, visualization, and analysis systems<br>are described.