jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genetic mapping of loci associated with yield and their components in black common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The increase in world population linked to climate change leads to the need to develop more productive and more adapted cultivars of food species. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping is a useful tool although, interaction between genotype and the environment is still a challenge. In this study, we sought to identify QTL related to grain yield and the production components in common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) supported by QTL environment interaction. Two hundred eight recombinant inbred lines obtained from the Awauna UEM IPR88 Uirapuru common bean cross were evaluated in 2017, 2018, and 2019 in field conditions under a 15 × 15 triple lattice experimental design. QTL mapping was estimated using genotypic means and a genetic linkage map with 288 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Five QTLs associated with plant height (PH), number of pods per plant (NPP), first pod height (FPH), 100‐seed weight (SW), and grain yield per plant (GYP) were identified on chromosomes Pv01, Pv04, Pv08, and Pv10. Interestingly, three of these QTLs were co‐localized for more than one trait, where the QTL for PH, NPP, and GYP co‐locate on Pv01, the QTL for PH and FPH co‐locate on Pv04, and the QTL for NPP and SW co‐locate on Pv08. In turn, on Pv10, two distinct QTLs were found for SW. The identification of these QTLs stands out in Brazil since relatively little research is directed at this economically important commercial group. It is noteworthy that the molecular markers found linked to the QTLs must later be validated to be used in a multi‐trait marker‐assisted selection.
Guysborough Mulgrave Road Co-op Theatre: The View from Inside the Electrolux

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As you come around one of the many curves on Route 16, just as you pass the Old Mulgrave Road on the left, there’s a road sign, on the right, that reads: “Guysborough 8”. Every time I pass it, I wonder, “Eight what? Eight kilometres? Eight miles? Eight light years?”
Reviewing the Influences of Teachers’ Characteristics on Students’ Learning Efficiency During Classroom Interaction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article is a literature review of the teacher's characteristics that affect classroom interaction.It explores the topic from three different aspects: verbal feedback, body gesture, and some other factors.Firstly, since teachers' oral feedback boosts students' performance in classroom interaction, teachers have to notice its significance during the pedagogical process and understand the four main feedback comments involved in the article.In addition, a gesture of teachers improves the efficiency of classroom interactions, which can deepen students' comprehension of course content and potentially ensure the accuracy of what they learn.In addition, other characteristics included teachers' attire and gender that can enhance classroom interactions by applying various impacts to the teaching approaches and understanding student's acceptance of the teacher.As classroom interaction is the process that promotes the mutual understanding between teachers and students, it allows teachers to know whether students can grasp the key ideas and connect with students closer.Hence, classroom interaction plays an important role and should not be ignored in the education area.This article discusses what teachers' characteristics impact classroom interactions and probably inspires future teachers and researchers.
The Baha’is of Iran, Transcaspia and The Caucasus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Despite growing interest in the Baha'is of Iran, research on the history of this often-persecuted minority community has been limited by the availability of primary sources. 'The Baha'is of Iran, Transcaspia and the Caucasus' will help to fill this gap by assembling for the first time diplomatic reports and official correspondence from Russian archives. Volume 2 of this collection documents from the Russian standpoint the dramatic Babi upheavals, the persecution of Babis and Baha'is in Iran, and events including the landmark Ashgabat murder trial. This volume thus provides fascinating insights into the perspective of one of the players of the 'Great Game' in the region, making this book an invaluable resource for anyone interested in Babi and Baha'i history, the history of religion and minorities, Russo-Persian relations or Qajar Iran.
Passive Safety Small Reactor for Distributed Energy Supply: Heavy Water Mixing Core

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to study the core performance of passive safety small reactor for distributed energy supply by changing the heavy water (D2O) concentration in the mixed coolant together with the fuel pitch. The long core life with conditions of the excessive reactivity of 2 %Δk/k, the reactivity shutdown margin of 1 %Δk/k and the negative coolant temperature reactivity coefficient is attained for the case of D2O concentration of 60 % with 10 % enrichment gadolinia (Gd2O3) doped fuel rods. This D2O core has a shorter core life 4.14 years than the original light water (H2O) core 4.76 years, while it needs a larger core size. However, changing the D2O concentration on the way during the burn-up shows a possibility of extending more the core life than that of the original H2O core.
A Comparison of Proximal and Distal Chevron Osteotomy for the Correction of Severe Hallux Valgus Deformity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: This study compared the results of proximal and distal chevron osteotomy in patients with severe hallux valgus.Several recent studies have shown that the indications for distal metatarsal osteotomy with a distal soft-tissue procedure could be extended to include severe hallux valgus. Materials and Methods:This study analyzed 127 severe hallux valgus surgeries.Of these, 76 patients (76 feet) were excluded for lack of adequate follow-up and additional procedures (Akin procedure), leaving 51 patients (51 feet) in the study.The mean age of the patients was 58 years (21~83 years), and the mean follow-up duration was 18 months (12~32 months).The patients were divided into two groups.Group 1 underwent distal chevron osteotomy, and group 2 underwent proximal chevron osteotomy performed sequentially by a single surgeon.The patients were interviewed for the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score before and one year after surgery.The anteroposterior weight-bearing radiography of the foot was taken before and one year after surgery.Results: There were no significant differences in pain and function after one year in either group.Both groups experienced significant pain reduction and an increase in the AOFAS score.Significant improvement of the hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angle corrections was observed in both groups, and the sesamoid position was similar in each group.More improvement in radiographic correction of intermetatarsal angle was noted in group 2. Both procedures gave similar good clinical and radiological outcomes. Conclusion:This study suggests that a distal chevron osteotomy with a distal soft-tissue procedure is as effective and reliable a means of correcting severe hallux valgus as a proximal chevron osteotomy with a distal soft-tissue procedure.
High-pressure studies of resonant tunnelling in a graded parameter superlattice and in double barrier structures of GaAs/AlAs

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The authors report resonant tunnelling and thermionic emission measurements at pressures up to 9 kbar and temperatures down to 4.2 K, of p-i-n and n-i-n diodes containing a graded gap superlattice and double barrier structures, respectively, in which the wells are of GaAs and the barriers are of AlAs. The graded gap superlattice was grown by MBE and consists of five nominally 100 AA periods of GaAs/AlAs in which the 'mark-space' ratio of GaAs to AlAs is increased uniformly from 94 AA of GaAs, 6 AA of AlAs to 70 AA GaAs, 30 AA AlAs. The double barrier structures were grown by MOCVD with either approximately 70 AA wells and approximately 40 AA barriers or approximately 15 AA wells and approximately 50 AA barriers. The size of the NDR in the p-i-n structures increases with decreasing temperature as previously reported, the best samples exhibiting a ratio of maximum to minimum tunnelling current in excess of 2 at 4.2 K and 1 bar. On applying pressure, the size of the NDR at 4.2 K decreases slowly up to 5 kbar and more rapidly at higher pressures, almost vanishing by 8 kbar. A similar effect occurs in both directions of bias for the 43-72-40 AA double barrier structures, even though these have a ratio of maximum to minimum tunnelling current in excess of 10 at 4.2 K. In contrast, the 45-15-50 AA double barrier structures do not exhibit negative differential resistance, but thermionic emission measurements yield values for the barrier height, and its pressure dependence, of approximately 0.15 eV and -0.011 eV kbar-1 respectively. They take all these observations as evidence that X-like barrier states are strongly involved in the resonant tunnelling process, and that in general the pressure threshold for loss of NDR in samples grown in different ways, and with different ratios of peak to valley currents, is essentially a function only of well and barrier dimensions.
Radiologic Perspectives in Peripheral Neuropathy: Imaging Modality, Diagnostic, and Interventional Insights

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Peripheral neuropathy is a debilitating disorder of the peripheral nervous system, requiring a multidisciplinary approach to accurately characterize nerve disease and guide management. Radiology has revolutionized this field, offering unparalleled insights into nerve pathology. The etiology of peripheral neuropathy spans metabolic disorders, autoimmune conditions, infections, neurotoxic exposures, and traumatic or compression injuries, each presenting distinct challenges. Patients often endure pain, paresthesia, numbness, and motor dysfunction, underscoring the urgency of precise diagnosis and targeted treatment before irreversible nerve damage. Advanced imaging techniques, such as high-resolution ultrasound and magnetic resonance neurography, provide exceptional clarity in visualizing nerve architecture, enabling early detection of entrapments, nerve injury, or infiltrative processes. Advanced imaging modalities, including diffusion tensor imaging, facilitate the detection of microstructural nerve damage. Beyond its diagnostic role, radiology enhances accuracy in image-guided interventions, such as nerve biopsies, targeted injections, and radiofrequency or cryoablation. When integrated with clinical and electrophysiological data, radiologic insights support personalized treatment strategies. This chapter underscores the semiology and the role of nerve imaging as a cornerstone in diagnosing and managing complex peripheral neuropathy, combining precision diagnostics with impactful interventions to improve patient outcomes.
Filamin A Modulates Kinase Activation and Intracellular Trafficking of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors in Human Melanoma Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The actin-binding protein filamin A (FLNa) affects the intracellular trafficking of various classes of receptors and has a potential role in oncogenesis. However, it is unclear whether FLNa regulates the signaling capacity and/or down-regulation of the activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Here it is shown that partial knockdown of FLNa gene expression blocked ligand-induced EGFR responses in metastatic human melanomas. To gain greater insights into the role of FLNa in EGFR activation and intracellular sorting, we used M2 melanoma cells that lack endogenous FLNa and a subclone in which human FLNa cDNA has been stably reintroduced (M2A7 cells). Both tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitination of EGFR were significantly lower in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated M2 cells when compared with M2A7 cells. Moreover, the lack of FLNa interfered with EGFR interaction with the ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl. M2 cells exhibited marked resistance to EGF-induced receptor degradation, which was very active in M2A7 cells. Despite comparable rates of EGF-mediated receptor endocytosis, internalized EGFR colocalized with the lysosomal marker lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 in M2A7 cells but not M2 cells, in which EGFR was found to be sequestered in large vesicles and subsequently accumulated in punctated perinuclear structures after EGF stimulation. These results suggest the requirement of FLNa for efficient EGFR kinase activation and the sorting of endocytosed receptors into the degradation pathway.
Impact of different tree species and soil texture on physicochemical properties, carbon and macronutrient content of post-fire forest soils

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;The objective of this study was to compare the impact of Scots pine (&lt;em&gt;Pinus sylvestris&lt;/em&gt; L.), European larch (&lt;em&gt;Larix decidua&lt;/em&gt; Mill.) and common birch (&lt;em&gt;Betula pendula&lt;/em&gt; Roth) on the properties of regenerated soils in a reforested post-fire site in southern Poland (Central European conditions). The samples of O horizons (litter) and uppermost mineral soil (0-5 cm) were taken under pure stands of investigated tree species, aged from 26 to 27 years old and growing on sandy and loamy soils. In the litter samples, the pH, carbon and macronutrient (N, Ca, Mg and K) content were determined. The mineral soil samples were measured for texture, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt;), exchangeable acidity (Hh), basic exchangeable cations (Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) and cation exchangeable capacity (CEC). The obtained results indicated that the effect of tree species on soil properties was evident. The litter layers under birch had a higher pH and a lower C:N ratio, and they contained more N, P, Ca, and Mg than the litter layers under pine and larch. In the mineral soil, birch brought about a higher accumulation of SOC and CEC than the studied coniferous species. Higher SOC accumulation in mineral soil under birch was related to higher acidity under the species compared with the conifers. Soil texture in the studied range - from sands to loams - had only a limited effect on the properties of the studied post-fire soils. Thus, our results indicate that the tree species used for the reforestation of post-fire sites are crucial to the properties of regenerating soils and restoring the ecological functions of soils. Among the studied tree species, the common birch has the most pronounced effect on soil properties, and this is especially significant because the species has appeared by spontaneous succession.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study was financed by The National Science Centre, Poland, Grant No. 2018/31/D/ST10/02137.&lt;/p&gt;
Factors affecting smoking: the case of students of a university in Turkey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objectives The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting cigarette smoking by students in a university in Turkey.Method Using the chi-squared test and logit and probit regression analyses on the data obtained from surveys applied to 1376 students at a public university in Turkey, first, the factors affecting cigarette smoking by students were identified, and then, the marginal effects of these factors were calculated and interpreted.Results By examining the variables obtained from the literature search, it was observed that all variables except employment status and body mass index were associated with the smoking probability of students in at least one category.Conclusion According to the results of the analysis, it was understood that the probability of smoking is higher in students who are male, stay in a student dormitory, consume alcohol, never consume vegetables and fruits, do not brush their teeth, and have friends who smoke around them. In the conclusion part of the study, suggestions were made to schools and other affiliated for students with these characteristics.
Utilization of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) in Aquaculture Feed for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus) and Bio-waste Recycling

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sustainable Utilization of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) in Aquaculture Feed for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus) and Bio-waste Recycling\nAuthor: Samuel Kessler, Western Kentucky University, Carol Martin Gatton Academy of Mathematics and Science.\nFaculty Mentors: Vikas Kumar & Waldemar Rossi, Kentucky State University Division of Aquaculture, Aquaculture Research Center.\nThis study sought to define the abilities of the Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) (BSFL) as nutritional aquafeed replacement for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and utilize bioconversion of waste material. An eight-week feeding trial with Nile Tilapia was conducted in a recirculating aquaculture system (stock density 3.08 ± 0.2 kg/m3) utilizing BSFL reared on dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS), in isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets, consisting of replacement for fishmeal (FM), soybean meal (SBM), and oils. Three diets were formulated to contain 32% crude protein (CP) and 8% lipid, where the Control derived most of its CP and lipid from FM, SBM, fish oil (FO) and soybean oil (SBO). Test diet one (BSFLM) replaced all FM and most of the SBM in the Control with BSFL meal. Test diet two (BSFLM+O) was identical to BSFLM except for replacement of FO with BSFL oil (BSFLO). Analysis of results revealed in-spite of apparently lower nutritional value than the Control, waste-reared BSFL-derived feedstuffs satisfy the diet of Nile Tilapia, as health-related blood parameters, specific growth rate, condition factor, and intestossomatic index of fish were unaffected. Furthering sustainable application, this study conducted a BSFL rearing trial which utilized varied-stage liquid biodigestate, collected after methane sequestration for energy production. Volumetric composition of the substrate consisted of 0.28-parts peat moss,1-part hand-pressed DDGS, and 1-part varied liquid digestate. BSFL proximate nutrition was consistent with DDGS-reared BSFL used in Tilapia diets; qualifying bioconversion of biodigestate as a potential method in developing BSFL aquafeed for Nile Tilapia.
The Relationship among Negative Peer Pressure, Drinking alcohol and Early sexual engagement among secondary school students’ in Assosa Zone, West of Ethiopia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background: Sexual and reproductive health problems are the main causes of death, psychological abnormality, disability, and disease among young people in the world particularly in Ethiopia. Adolescents represent one of the groups at highest risk for HIV infection.Objectives: Examined the relationship among negative peer pressure, drinking alcohol and early sexual engagement.Methods: This study employed correlation research design and closed – ended questionnaires for 355 randomly selected (177 females and 178 males).Results: Negative peer pressure was significantly correlated with drinking alcohol and early sexual engagement (r =-.193, p = .010) and (r = .167, p = .006) respectively. Additionally, drinking alcohol also was correlated significantly and positively with early sexual engagement (r =.151, p= .000). But, there was no statistically significant gender difference on negative peer pressure, drinking alcohol and early sexual engagement (p > 0.05). The variables, negative peer pressure and drinking alcohol jointly contributed .532 (53.2%) of the variance on early sexual engagement (p <0.05). Relative contribution of negative peer pressure and drinking alcohol on early sexual engagement is-.362 (36.2%) and-.454 (45.4%) respectively.Conclusions: as negative peer pressure increases students' drinking alcohol and early sexual engagement also increases. Similarly, when drinking alcohol increases students' early sexual engagement also increases. Both negative peer pressure and drinking alcohol were the contributing factors of early sexual engagement.
Effects of Species of Termitaria (Termitariales, Deuteromycetes) on Australian Termites (Isoptera)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Species of the fungal ectoparasite Termitaria were recently discovered on the Australian termite genera Mastotermes, Porotermes, Coptotermes, and Nasutitermes. Field colonies of Mastotermes darwiniensis had infections between 0% and 1%; those of Porotermes adamsoni, between 0.05% and 8.3% by live mass of termites. The infections for different castes vary with the termite species, and older developmental stages were more commonly infected than young stages. The laboratory groups containing termites with fungal lesions tended to have lower survival than healthy groups, and wood consumption was reduced. The frequency of infection of termites with species of Termitaria appears to be higher in less vigorous colonies, e.g., older colonies or those with dwindling food supplies.
Management of Retinitis Pigmentosa via Platelet Rich Plasma or Combination with Electromagnetic Stimulation: Retrospective Analysis of One-year Results

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose To investigate whether the natural progression rate of retinitis pigmentosa can be decreased with subtenon autologous platelet rich plasma application alone or combination with retinal electromagnetic stimulation. Material and methods The study includes retrospective analysis of 60 retinitis pigmentosa patients. Patients constitute 3 groups with similar demographic characteristics. The combined management group consists of 20 retinitis pigmentosa patients (40 eyes) who received combined retinal electromagnetic stimulation and subtenon platelet rich plasma as Group1; The subtenon platelet rich plasma-only group consisted of 20 retinitis pigmentosa patients (40 eyes) as Group2; The natural course (control) group consists of 20 retinitis pigmentosa patients (40 eyes) who did not receive any treatment were classified as Group3. Horizontal and vertical ellipsoid zone width, fundus perimetry deviation index and best corrected visual acuity changes were compared within and between groups after one year follow up period. Results Horizontal ellipsoid zone percentage changes were detected +1 % in Group1, -2.85% in Group2, -9.36% in Group3 (Δp 1>2>3). Vertical ellipsoid zone percentage changes were detected +0.34 % in Group1, -3.05% in Group2, -9.09% in Group3 (Δp 1>2>3). Fundus perimetry deviation index percentage changes were detected +0.05% in Group1, -2.68% in Group2 and -8.78% in Group3 (Δp 1>2>3). Conclusion Platelet-rich plasma is a good source of growth factors, but its half-life is 4-6 months. Subtenon autologous platelet rich plasma might more effectively slow down photoreceptor loss when repeated as booster injections and combined with retinal electromagnetic stimulation.