jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigating the effect of precession on searches for neutron-star–black-hole binaries with Advanced LIGO

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The first direct detection of neutron-star– black-hole binaries will likely be made with gravitational-wave observatories. Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo will be able to observe neutron-star– black-hole mergers at a maximum distance of 900 Mpc. To achieve this sensitivity, gravitational-wave searches will rely on using a bank of filter waveforms that accurately model the expected gravitational-wave signal. The emitted signal will depend on the masses of the black hole and the neutron star and also the angular momentum of both components. The angular momentum of the black hole is expected to be comparable to the orbital angular momentum when the system is emitting gravitational waves in Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s sensitive band. This angular momentum will affect the dynamics of the inspiralling system and alter the phase evolution of the emitted gravitational-wave signal. In addition, if the black hole’s angular momentum is not aligned with the orbital angular momentum, it will cause the orbital plane of the system to precess. In this work we demonstrate that if the effect of the black hole’s angular momentum is neglected in the waveform models used in gravitational-wave searches, the detection rate of (10+1.4)M_⊙ neutron-star– black-hole systems with isotropic spin distributions would be reduced by 33%–37% in comparison to a hypothetical perfect search at a fixed signal-to-noise ratio threshold. The error in this measurement is due to uncertainty in the post-Newtonian approximations that are used to model the gravitational-wave signal of neutron-star– black-hole inspiralling binaries. We describe a new method for creating a bank of filter waveforms where the black hole has nonzero angular momentum that is aligned with the orbital angular momentum. With this bank we find that the detection rate of (10+1.4)M_⊙ neutron-star– black-hole systems would be reduced by 26%–33%. Systems that will not be detected are ones where the precession of the orbital plane causes the gravitational-wave signal to match poorly with nonprecessing filter waveforms. We identify the regions of parameter space where such systems occur and suggest methods for searching for highly precessing neutron-star– black-hole binaries.
Improved Saturation Determination in Thin-Bed Environments Using 2D Parametric Inversion

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The analysis of deep-reading electromagnetic measurements is critical to the evaluation of hydrocarbon reserves. However, in thin bed formations, poor tool vertical resolution and corresponding low sensitivity to hydrocarbon presence make interpretation in the virgin zone difficult. A priori knowledge such as the formation geometry or auxiliary petrophysical information is necessary to overcome these difficulties.This paper presents a prototype code developed by Schlumberger S-RPC in collaboration with AGIP. Using this code, wireline or LWD, laterolog and induction measurements can be more correctly analyzed in thinly bedded environments (2-D geometry, fluid invaded layers perpendicular to the borehole).This code has been implemented in a software framework that provides a common environment specifically designed for electrical tool interpretation. Processing modules have a common interface and share common functionalities. Their organization reflects an implicit processing methodology, with progressive refinements that provides the interpreter with a robust and simple to use product, to better quantify reserves.A preliminary step is to determine the formation geometry, which is carried out by detecting bed boundaries and representing the formation as a vertical sequence of layers. Petrophysical analysis can be invoked to characterize certain formation properties such as shale volume and porosity. These steps are performed prior to resistivity log measurement analysis and serve as a form of a priori knowledge.Once the formation is described as a sequence of layers, wireline logging or logging while drilling (LWD) tool response can be computed using fast 2D simulators. The estimation of resistivity and the subsequent estimation of saturation will correspond to the minimization of a cost function, defined as the weighted squared difference between the measurement and the simulated response. Confidence outputs can be related to the local shape of the cost function at the end of the processing.Two important advantages of the new code must be emphasized: (1) the possibility to choose among several petrophysical models to better describe the environment and determine directly parameters such as hydrocarbon saturation, and (2) the possibility to group together beds which are too thin or too close to each other to be analyzed independently, into a so called single optimization interval described by a reduced set of parameters.This paper presents results obtained on selected benchmarks extracted from real data and compares them with those obtained through more traditional approaches.
Cochlear Implant Reimplantations in Children in a time interval from 1989 to 1997 – a review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cochlear implantation of children suffering from deafness has become a medical standard for many years. This paper is a review about the cause of reimplantation of children who got a cochlear implant in the years 1989 to 1997. In this time period first experiences about surgical intervention in children suffering from long-term deafness were obtained.
Exploring the processes of change facilitated by musical activities on mental wellness

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

While the benefits of music to people’s mental health have long been recognized, the process of how it works requires further investigation. \n \nThis paper is based on the results of a community-based music project offered to a group of mental health service users by a Hong Kong social service centre. A six-dimensional framework, which contains emotional, psychological, social, cognitive, behavioural and spiritual dimensions, is constructed for understanding how musical activities may produce benefits for mental health service users. \n \nThrough conducting 23 interview sessions for the participants (N = 47), who suffered from mental health problems, including schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, mood disorders and anxiety disorders, of the music project, this study examines the processes of change within musical activities. Feedback was solicited from them by listening to their first-hand experiences as service users of the musical activities. Recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed to generate themes that correspond to the six dimensions the researchers proposed. \n \nThis study shows that the clinical effects elicited by the musical activities described fit closely with the needs of mental health service users. Its findings suggest that community-based musical activities have clear potential for supporting mental health service users in recovery, which deserve further promotion.
Distinct effects of acetylcholine and glucose on 45calcium and 86rubidium efflux from mouse pancreatic islets

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The similarities between the effects of acetylcholine and glucose on phospholipid metabolism in pancreatic islet cells prompted the comparison of their effects on ionic fluxes. Acetylcholine (1 μM) consistently increased 45 Ca 2+ efflux from mouse islets, whereas glucose increased it in the presence, but decreased it in the absence of extracellular Ca 2+ . Acetylcholine consistently accelerated 86 Rb + efflux, and this effect was augmented by Ca 2+ omission. On the other hand, glucose markedly inhibited 86 Rb + efflux, except when its concentration was raised from 10 to 15 mM in the presence of Ca 2+ . Unlike their effects on phospholipid metabolism, the ionic effects of the two insulin‐secretagogues are thus very different.
Vivien NG, Madness in late imperial China: from illness to deviance, Norman and London, University of Oklahoma Press, 1990, pp. xiv, 204, £19.95 (0-8061-2297-8).

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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Empathic Interaction Using the Computational Emotion Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the empathy oriented human-robot interaction model. It is projected to design the model capable of different empathic responses (parallel and reactive) during the course of interaction with the user, depending upon the personality and mood factors of the robot. The proposed model encompasses three main stages i.e., Perception, empathic appraisal and empathic expression. Perception refers to capturing user's emotion state via facial expression recognition. Empathic appraisal is based on the computational emotional model for generating its internal emotions, mood state and empathic responses. The internal emotions are defined using psychological studies and generated on 2D (pleasure-arousal) scaling model, whereas, fuzzy logic is used to calculate the intensity of the each emotion. A virtual facial expression simulator is applied for expression of resultant empathic emotions. Preliminary experimental results show that the proposed model is capable of exhibiting different empathic responses with respect to the personality and mood factors.
Phenylglyoxal is not a selective inhibitor of phagocytosis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT In 1976, it has been reported that phenylglyoxal (C0H5COCHO) selectively inhibits endo eytosis in phagocytes of rabbit and mouse. We have tested the specificity of this compound by measuring its effect on human neutrophil chemotaxis, respiration and release of lysosomal enzymes. Pretreatment of human neutrophils with 100 µg phenylglyoxal/ml for 30 min at 37 °C resulted in almost complete inhibition of phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan. However, after treatment with phenylglyoxal, spontaneous mobility as well as chemotaxis of these cells towards casein, rosette formation with opsonized zymosan, stimulation of the oxidative metabolism and release of lysosomal enzymes were also severely decreased. Most of these functions were only partially restored by resuspension of the cells in a medium without phenylglyoxal. The intracellular level of ATP was not affected by phenylglyoxal, but the level of reduced glutathione was decreased. We conclude from the inhibitory action of phenylglyoxal on the stimulated oxygen consumption and its reaction with intracellular glutathione that phenylglyoxal does not necessarily act exclusively on the outside of the plasma membrane. From our studies, it follows that phenylglyoxal is not a specific inhibitor of endo- or exocytosis in human neutrophils. Phenylglyoxal can be used effectively in the bacterial-killing test of phagocytes to inhibit intracellular killing after an initial period of ingestion.
Increasing General Dentists’ Provision of Care to Child Patients Through Changes in the Undergraduate Pediatric Dentistry Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Reduced caries rates and an increased percentage of children with dental insurance have made it more difficult for dental schools to provide undergraduates with sufficient numbers of pediatric dental patients requiring restorative procedures. This may result in graduates who are not competent and are reluctant to treat children after graduation. To ensure the quality of the undergraduate clinical training program, the Division of Pediatric Dentistry at the University of Manitoba changed from a comprehensive‐based clinic to a block system in 1998–99. Specific communities with limited access to dental care (neighboring core area schools and Hutterite colonies) were specifically targeted as potential sources for child patients. This format increased the exposure of students to patient management as well as to complex pediatric dentistry procedures. To assess the learning experiences before and after the changes to the clinical pediatric dentistry program, sixty general dentists who had graduated from the University of Manitoba were randomly selected using the Manitoba Dental Association Directory. Surveys were sent to twenty general dentists who graduated in each of the following years: 1993, 2000, and 2002. Forty‐five dentists responded, fifteen from each of the three surveyed classes. Dentists who graduated after the changes to the program (2000, 2002) reported that they performed a greater number of complex pediatric dentistry procedures and treated more toddler and preschool children than the group that graduated before the changes (1993). Referrals to pediatric dentistry specialists were higher in the 1993 group than in the 2000 and 2002 groups. In conclusion, an adequate pool of pediatric patients is critical to provide dental students with sufficient learning experiences. The dentists who graduated from the program after the changes were implemented are providing more comprehensive treatment to younger children.
LDPC Codes for Portable DNA Storage

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

DNA becomes an attractive storage medium in recent years for its ultra-high density, millennial-long endurance, and efficient replication. In this work we consider DNA storage that uses the affordable and portable nanopore sequencing as the reading mechanics. Unlike traditional data storage systems, errors occur asymmetrically among the four types of nucleotide bases of DNA. Quaternary codes can be employed for error correction, but suffer from high complexity. In this paper, we design binary LDPC codes with a turbo-like decoder for the DNA storage channel. Simulation results show that our binary LDPC codes have a similar bit-error rate but with a speed up by a factor of 4 compared to quaternary codes.
Addictive Potential, Behavioral and Psychiatric Effects

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Adolescent Drug-Abuse Treatment Programs in five geographic regions across the United States were studied to determine the severity and patterns of cocaine abuse. Of these, 341 admitted to cocaine use and became part of this survey. Cocaine use was categorized as heavy, intermediate, or light. Areas examined were the addictive spectrum, psychosocial dysfunction, and psychiatric symptoms. Intermediate and heavy users of cocaine abused significantly less marijuana and inhalants than light cocaine abusers. Heavy and intermediate users were more likely to use cocaine intravenously and to use crack. They developed tachyphylaxis more frequently, progressed to weekly use in less than 3 months more frequently, and became preoccupied with obtaining and using cocaine significantly more frequently. They used more sedative hypnotics to calm themselves and engaged in more criminal behavior, such as stealing from parents and stores and passing bad checks. They had more arrests for possession of drugs, stole more cars, sold more drugs, and were more likely to trade sexual favors to obtain the drug. Heavy and intermediate users were significantly more psychiatrically disturbed than light users, becoming more suspicious, nervous, aggressive, and demonstrating increased symptoms of fatigue, sleeplessness, decreased appetite, and increasing cocaine dysphoria. All of these symptoms could be mistaken for psychiatric disorders. This study suggests that cocaine is as addictive in adolescents as in adults; possibly more so. It also causes psychosocial dysfunction and psychiatric symptoms. Further research into cocaine addiction among adolescents is indicated.
From open access to access by all: restating challenges in designing groundwater management in Andhra Pradesh, India

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In a village‐based watershed in Andhra Pradesh, India, it is increasingly difficult for users to access and extract groundwater for irrigation: a ‘pumping race’ is taking place. A move from groundwater development towards groundwater management is required, with a new perspective on options for change. Through a study of borewell technology and groundwater use, and considering new local developments in electricity supply and participatory resource management, the article argues that groundwater is a resource with ‘instructions for use’. The technological dimensions of groundwater irrigation urge its study as a socio‐technical process in order to design sustainable and equitable groundwater management.
Changing Trends in Liver Transplantation: Challenges and Solutions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite improvements in postliver transplant outcomes through refinements in perioperative management and surgical techniques, several changing trends in liver transplantation have presented challenges. Mortality on the waitlist remains high. In the United States, Europe, and the United Kingdom, there is an increasing need for liver transplantation, primarily as a result of increased incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis and cancer indications. Meanwhile, donor suitability has decreased, as donors are often older and have more comorbidities. Despite a mismatch between organ need and availability, many organs are discarded. Notwithstanding this, many solutions have been developed to overcome these challenges. Innovative techniques in allograft preservation, viability assessment, and reconditioning have allowed the use of suboptimal organs with adequate results. Refinements in surgical procedures, including live donor liver transplantations, have increased the organ pool and are decreasing the time and mortality on the waitlist. Despite many challenges, a similar number of solutions and prospects are on the horizon. This review seeks to explore the changing trends and challenges in liver transplantation and highlight possible solutions and future directions.
Magnetism of nanoporus carbon with manganese clusters

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Theoretical calculations of the electron density (taking into account the spin) of a model 16-atom carbon cluster with a manganese atom in a micropore showed that it is energetically favorable for manganese atoms to localize inside the pore and form metal nanoclusters in the carbon micropore. The magnetic moment of an ensemble of atoms surrounding a micropore with one manganese atom in it turned out to be quite large. An experimental method was proposed for introducing manganese clusters into bulk samples of nanoporous carbon with different porous structures, and the effect of these adsorbates on the magnetic properties of the samples was studied. In parallel, X-ray diffraction studies of the samples were carried out. It has been shown that Mn clusters near the surface are rather rapidly oxidized in air, as a result of which peaks associated with oxides predominate in the X-ray diffraction patterns. However, small Mn clusters have also been found. Measurements of the dependence of the magnetization of the samples on the applied field at T=295 K showed the presence of nonlinearity and hysteresis characteristic of superparamagnetism or ferromagnetism. Keywords: micropores, manganese, spin density, magnetization.
Optimal latency balancing algorithm for multiple portal in wireless mesh networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are the key technology of wireless access network for wireless Internet application. WMNs exploit mesh gateways for delivering traffic to or from the end-users with a multihop wireless backbone. Because the traffic volume is expected too high for single mesh gateway, the adoption of multiple mesh gateways is very essential. Hence, a traffic balancing algorithm becomes vital to be incorporated into the routing protocol that used in the WMNs. In this paper, we propose an optimal latency balancing (OLB) algorithm, which is used to balance the traffic load among the mesh gateways and to improve the latency of packet sending. The proposed OLB algorithm effectively finds the potential traffic flows to be switchable until the inter-domain traffic volume is balanced. Simulation results reveal that the performance of routing protocol with the proposed OLB algorithm is improved in terms of latency, hop count, network throughput, and packet delivery ratio.
Finding identity, security, and meaning in a pressured environment: the tornado model

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Using chaos theory, the authors introduce a model for addressing the environmental context of clients who felt pressure both from the dominant culture which surrounds them and from their families or culture of origin. The conflicting pressures and resulting chaos are compared to a tornado, and the authors explain how the “tornado model” is applied in therapy to help clients understand the impact of impinging forces in their lives and work toward recovery and personal growth through finding inner peace (the eye of the storm) and making use of surrounding energy through exploring personal identity, security, and meaning.
A Screening Instrument for Identifying Elderly at Risk of Abuse and Neglect.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

AUTHOR Hwalek, Melanie A.; Sengstock, Mary C. TITLE A Screening Instrument for Identifying Elderly at Risk of Abuse and Neglect. SPONS AGENCY Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Nov 85 GRANT 90-AR-0040/2 NOTE 18p.; Paper presented at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Gerontological Society (38th, New Orleans, LA, November 22-26, 1985). PUB TYPE Speeches/Conference Papers (150) -Tests/Evaluation Instruments (160) -Reports Research/Technical (143)
Numerical investigation of operational performance in a methane-oxygen rotating detonation rocket engine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work examines a rotating detonation rocket engine (RDRE) using large eddy simulations (LES) of a three-dimensional domain with discrete fuel and oxidizer injector orifices. The case follows an experimental set-up from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) with high-pressure gaseous CH4 and O2 as the reactants. Six high-fidelity computations are used to study the effects of varying equivalence ratio and mass flow rate as well as the addition of a throat at the end of the combustion chamber. The analysis first makes comparisons against available experimental results from qualitative and quantitative perspectives. In all instances, the simulations closely capture the macroscopic engine behaviors with minor deviations attributed to model choices. The focus then moves to examining the flow fields during stable operation, contrasting the simulations by means of detonation surfaces, spatially-averaged plots used for visualizing time-varying fields. From this reduced dimensionality, several trends are noted and observations can be made more readily. Increasing the mass flow rate over nominal conditions yields a scaled-up behavior containing nearly identical physical features but higher pressures, thrust, and Isp. In contrast, increasing the equivalence ratio leads to a divergence in the flow: substantially more waves are present in a dual-directional or slapping mode that dramatically alters the qualitative result, but fails to generate significant performance gain. Finally, the addition of a downstream constriction inevitably chokes the exiting mixture and adds thrust, while yielding counter-rotating waves and more parasitic deflagration.