jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chronic Liver Disease Classification Using Hybrid Whale Optimization with Simulated Annealing and Ensemble Classifier

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Chronic liver disease (CLD), which indicates the inflammatory condition of the liver, leads to cirrhosis or even partial or total liver dysfunction when left untreated. A non-invasive approach for evaluating CLD with computed tomography (CT) images is proposed using an ensemble of classifiers. To accurately classify CLD, the hybrid whale optimization algorithm with simulated annealing (WOA-SA) is used in selecting an optimal set of features. The proposed method employs seven sets of features with a total of 73–3D (three-dimensional) texture features. A hybrid ensemble classifier with support vector machine (SVM), k—Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), and random forest (RF) classifiers are used to classify liver diseases. Experimental analysis is performed on clinical CT images datasets, which include normal liver, fatty liver, metastasis, cirrhosis, and cancerous samples. The optimal features selected using the WOA-SA improve the accuracy of CLD classification for the five classes of diseases mentioned above. The accuracy of the liver classification using ensemble classifier yields approximately 98% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of (0.7789, 1.0000) and an error rate of 1.9%. The performance of the proposed method is compared with two existing algorithms and the sensitivity and specificity yield an overall average of 96% and 93%, with 95% confidence interval of (0.7513, 1.0000) and (0.7126, 1.0000), respectively. Classification of CLD based on ensemble classifier illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed method and the comparison analysis demonstrates the superiority of the methodology.
Towards a Drosophila model of Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The laminopathy Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is caused by the mutant lamin A protein progerin and leads to premature aging of affected children. Despite numerous cell biological and biochemical insights into the basis for the cellular abnormalities seen in HGPS, the mechanism linking progerin to the organismal phenotype is not fully understood. To begin to address the mechanism behind HGPS using Drosophila melanogaster, we have ectopically expressed progerin and lamin A. We found that ectopic progerin and lamin A phenocopy several effects of laminopathies in developing and adult Drosophila, but that progerin causes a stronger phenotype than wild-type lamin A.
Direct observation evidence for the origin of broad emission lines in quasars: Understanding emission via absorption

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This year marks the 60^th anniversary of quasar discovery in 1963. The kinematics of gaseous clouds in quasars have been the subject of decades-long debate, focusing on two modelsrotation and blowing-wind. The rotation model, wherein gaseous clouds orbit black holes, is widely accepted by astronomers and frequently used to measure supermassive black hole (SMBH) masses in quasars. Another model is blowing-wind model, in which the gaseous clouds are outflows and in linear motion toward all directions. Our study creatively employs the quasar absorption line technique, utilizing atomic hydrogen Balmer absorption lines for identification, especially during eclipses of inner emitting clouds. The ambiguous presence of hydrogen Balmer absorption lines hints at massive eclipse clouds near central black holes, but detection is hindered by obscuration from dusty tori outside the broad emission line-producing region. We conduct an intensive survey among million quasars in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and acquire a small sample of quasars with hydrogen Balmer absorptions on their spectra. Three quasars exhibit significant variabilities over a decade, contradicting the blowing-wind model, which predicts constant motion along the line of sight with no absorption variabilities. The discovery servers as the direct observation evidence for the rotation model of broad emission lines in quasars. Rotation velocities of eclipse clouds, consistent with expected velocities of emission line clouds, confirm homology between absorption and emission clouds.
The Application of the Point Line Plane Design Elements in the Commercial Space

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In today's information society, the development of the use of new media and new technology, the commercial space decoration design is more modern and aesthetic. The basic elements of point line surface as a design, in the same space design plays a great visual effect. But in the modern design has gone through changes in turn the world upside down, the point in the commercial space is still occupy a major position?
The Integrated Systems Engineering Laboratory An Innovative Approach To Vertical Integration Using Modern Instrumentation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Session 2259 The Integrated Systems Engineering Laboratory – An Innovative Approach to Vertical Integration using Modern Instrumentation Ajay Mahajan Southern Illinois University at Carbondale Maurice Walworth, David McDonald and Kevin Schmaltz Lake Superior State University Abstract The current paradigm in engineering course instruction builds on a lecture prerequisite structure but ignores the need for a laboratory prerequisite structure. Educational quality is therefore diminished as instructors optimize specific laboratories but fail to optimize the overall program laboratory experience. This paper presents a learning environment based on modern instrumentation that forces students to use not only concepts and skills acquired from the lecture, but also actual data and models acquired from lower division laboratories, in upper division laboratories. The vertical integration occurs because students must utilize their previous laboratory work as a reference and/or building blocks as they study the different facets of the same experimental set-ups in multiple engineering laboratories. The students learn to appreciate the integrated nature of modern systems since they get to use the same set-ups in multiple courses. Set-ups such as the inverted pendulum, mobile robot, a model airplane, a model train and a wind tunnel make heavy use of data-acquisition systems, programs written and developed in LabVIEW and MATLAB, and modern communication protocols such as RS485. The entire interface is through virtual instrumentation, and the lab is also being given the capability of remote access to the students. There are other indirect advantages of this approach in terms of financial economy and faculty professional development. This project has been funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and has resulted in the development of the Integrated Systems Engineering Laboratory (ISEL) that houses vertically integrated laboratory exercises for twelve courses from three different curricula. 1. Introduction Most universities have limited resources in terms of space and equipment, hence the development of new laboratories is always a challenge. Hence, when a need was identified at Lake Superior State University (LSSU) for a series of new courses and accompanying laboratories, an innovative solution was sought. This led to the development of a single multipurpose laboratory that will be used in multiple courses similar to the Interdisciplinary Intelligent Mechatronics Laboratory at the Georgia Institute of Technology [1]. The laboratory at Georgia Tech. is used by nine courses, but
Geospatial Analysis of COVID-19: A Scoping Review

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China in late December 2019 became the harbinger of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, geospatial techniques, such as modeling and mapping, have helped in disease pattern detection. Here we provide a synthesis of the techniques and associated findings in relation to COVID-19 and its geographic, environmental, and socio-demographic characteristics, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) methodology for scoping reviews. We searched PubMed for relevant articles and discussed the results separately for three categories: disease mapping, exposure mapping, and spatial epidemiological modeling. The majority of studies were ecological in nature and primarily carried out in China, Brazil, and the USA. The most common spatial methods used were clustering, hotspot analysis, space-time scan statistic, and regression modeling. Researchers used a wide range of spatial and statistical software to apply spatial analysis for the purpose of disease mapping, exposure mapping, and epidemiological modeling. Factors limiting the use of these spatial techniques were the unavailability and bias of COVID-19 data—along with scarcity of fine-scaled demographic, environmental, and socio-economic data—which restrained most of the researchers from exploring causal relationships of potential influencing factors of COVID-19. Our review identified geospatial analysis in COVID-19 research and highlighted current trends and research gaps. Since most of the studies found centered on Asia and the Americas, there is a need for more comparable spatial studies using geographically fine-scaled data in other areas of the world.
Relationship between cranial base and jaw base in different skeletal patterns

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

PurposeTo determine the relationship between the cranial base and both jaw bases in different skeletal patterns.Materials and methodsLateral cephalometric radiographs of 180 adult patients of all three malocclusion groups were evaluated and analyzed. A group of linear and angular measurements were measured and compared among all study groups to assess the existence of any relationship between the cranial base and both jaw base discrepancies.ResultsSignificant differences were found in the cranial base angle (NSBa) and both jaw base lengths among all three malocclusion groups, while no significant differences were found in the cranial base lengths. As for angular measurements, an inverse correlation was found between the cranial base angle and both SNA and SNB angles in both Class II and Class III malocclusion groups. Concerning linear measurements, a significant correlation was found between the total cranial base length and the total facial height among all malocclusion groups.ConclusionThe cranial base angle affects the anteroposterior orientation of both maxilla and mandible with a minimal contribution to the appearance of different vertical skeletal patterns. Meanwhile, the cranial base length affects minimally the anteroposterior orientation of both the maxilla and the mandible. However, a significant link was found between it and the total facial height, thus contributing to the appearance of different vertical skeletal patterns.
Cost-Effectiveness of ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 for New Hampshire

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This report describes the methodology and results of a state cost-effectiveness analysis of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019. Moving to the Standard 90.1-2019 edition from Standard 90.1-2016 is found to be cost-effective for the state. Annual energy cost savings, added construction costs, and life-cycle costs are all described and presented here for various building types and climate zones.
‘Juvenile’ nasal angiofibroma presenting in adulthood

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNAs) are rare hyper vascular, benign tumours typically demonstrating a locally aggressive growth pattern. The cardinal presenting symptoms are unilateral nasal obstruction and recurrent, spontaneous epistaxis. Cases outside the adolescent male population are exceedingly rare and present a diagnostic challenge. We present the case of a man in his 30s referred to our tertiary skull base centre, presenting with left nasal obstruction. Examination showed left nasopharyngeal fullness without a discrete mass. Cross-sectional imaging detailed a 2.5×2.1×1.3 cm mass localised to his left sphenoid sinus with bony erosion. Due to the suspicion of malignancy, multidisciplinary consensus was to perform a diagnostic excisional biopsy and this revealed a JNA. He remains clinically well and asymptomatic following surgery. This case highlights the potential for subtle symptomatology in the presentation of these tumours and the challenge in diagnosing a JNA outside the adolescent male population.
High‐level temperatures and winds over tropics and Indian summer monsoon

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The authors from the earlier investigations of the M‐100 Soviet rocketsonde temperature and wind data for the tropical station Thumba (8.5°N, 76.9°E) identified occurrence of high‐level warmings during both the winter and the summer monsoon seasons. There was good agreement between the occurrence of high‐level warmings and the monsoon activity in the Indian region. The study further indicated a possible relationship between the stratospheric quasi‐biennial structure and the monsoon rainfall. To test the validity of the above results for tropics, the rocketsonde temperature and wind data for Ascension Island (8.0°S, 14.4°W) and Kwajalein (8.7°N, 167.7°E) for four winter seasons (December to February of 1970–1971, 1971–1972, 1974–1975, and 1975–1976) and four summer monsoon seasons (May to September of 1971, 1972, 1975, and 1976) were studied. The above periods are the same as those of the earlier study for Thumba. Out of the above years, 1972 and 1975 were the years of contrasting monsoon activity. The results of Ascension Island and Kwajalein agreed with those of Thumba.
Essential thrombocythaemia in children: is a treatment needed?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The myeloproliferative disorder, essential thrombocythaemia (ET), is extremely rare in children. In adults, thrombosis is the most common complication whereas a low number of children develop thrombosis and/or haemorrhages. Diagnosis of ET is often difficult, but identifying ET from other causes of thrombocytosis is essential, otherwise therapy may be ineffective as the wrong disease will be treated. Only anecdotal experiences have been published with regard to the treatment of paediatric ET. A watch-and-wait strategy seems appropriate in asymptomatic cases and low-dose aspirin should be used to reduce microvascular disturbances. Anagrelide or IFNs may be considered as first-line, and hydroxyurea as second-line therapy. Anagrelide may become the treatment of choice for ET in children if a lack of leukaemogenic potential is confirmed.
Self-perceived oral health among Karnataka state road transport corporation bus drivers and employees in Davanagere city: a cross-sectional survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The health of road public transportation workers is a country’s health concern. Very few studies have been done to address this issue hence a study was planned to assess the self- perceived oral health among Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) bus drivers and employees in Davanagere city. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted involving 300 employees (KSRTC Bus drivers, conductors and mechanical workers) of Davanagere city between June to August 2024. Data was collected using WHO Basic Oral health survey self-perceived oral health questionnaire for adults. IBM SPSS Statistics version 19 was used for statistical analysis. Responses of participants were expressed in percentages. Results: Majority of study population were males (96.7%) with an average age of 42.18±6.64 years. The majority (44%) worked as both drivers and conductors. Majority (55%) perceived their oral heath as average, followed by good oral health (27%) and poor oral health (13%). The majority (64%) never received dental care in the past year and 15 % of them visited a dentist due to pain associated with teeth/gums. Around 3% smoked beedi/cigarette occasionally and 1% daily. Around 22% occasionally consumed smokeless tobacco and 12% daily. Around 1-5% had trouble in speech, dry mouth, stained teeth, avoided smiling, had sleep interruption, had remained absent at work, had trouble in doing daily activities, reduced social activity because of oral problems. Conclusions: Majority of Karnataka Road Transport Corporation Bus drivers and employees in Davanagere city reported of having average oral health and few reported of having poor oral health.
Pseudo-single-domain remanence

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Most magnetite grains in rocks are much larger than the critical SD size d0 of ≈0.1 μm. Yet these rocks possess a TRM that is both harder and more intense than MD theory predicts. In magnetite there is no abrupt change from SD to MD TRM intensity at any grain size (Fig. 8.4). Instead TRM intensity decreases continuously above d0, reaching MD levels around 10–20 μm. In high-titanium titanomagnetites, the corresponding range is ≈0.5–35 μm (Day, 1977, Fig. 9). This pseudo-single-domain (PSD) (Stacey, 1963) size range incorporates most of the magnetite or titanomagnetite carrying stable TRM in igneous rocks. Therefore it is important that we understand the mechanism of PSD remanence.
Making Munitions on the Hebrew Sabbath

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Making Munitions on the Hebrew Sabbath Get access M. L. R. B. M. L. R. B. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s11-XII, Issue 302, 9 October 1915, Page 278, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s11-XII.302.278a Published: 09 October 1915
Carriage ofNeisseria meningitidisSerogroup W135 ST-2881

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Serogroup W135 ST-2881 meningococci caused a cluster of meningitis cases in Niger in 2003. Of 80 healthy persons in the patients' villages, 28 (35%) carried meningococci; 20 of 21 W135 carrier strains were ST-2881. Ten months later, 5 former carriers were still carriers of W135 ST-2881 strains. The serum bactericidal antibody activity changed according to carrier status.
Heterologous expression of the lactacin F peptides by Carnobacterium piscicola LV17

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The lactacin F complex, composed of LafA and LafX peptides, is produced by Lactobacillus johnsonii VPI 11088 and is active against five other Lactobacillus species and Enterococcus faecalis. The genetic determinants encoding the lactacin F complex are organized in a 1-kb polycistronic operon which comprises three genes, lafA, lafX, and ORFZ (encoding the putative immunity protein). The lafA and lafX genes encode the bacteriocin precursors with N-terminal extensions characterized by a Gly-Gly-1*Xaa+1 cleavage site (*). The Gly-Gly motif is conserved in several other bacteriocins, including carnobacteriocins A, BM1, and B2. Carnobacterium piscicola LV17 produces carnobacteriocins which are active against Listeria monocytogenes and other lactic acid bacteria. In this study, the lactacin F operon was introduced into C. piscicola LV17. The transformants produced lactacin F concurrently with the carnobacteriocins. When the lafA and lafX genes were separated and cloned individually into LV17, production of either LafA or LafX by C. piscicola LV17 was detected by complementation with L. johnsonii clones producing LafX or LafA, respectively. Transformants of C. piscicola LV17 which produced lactacin F, LafA, or LafX, in combination with the carnobacteriocins, were assayed for an increased and expanded inhibitory spectrum. The recombinant organisms were only active against lactacin F- and carnobacteriocin-sensitive strains. A plasmidless derivative of LV17 which does not produce the carnobacteriocins failed to produce lactacin F, LafA, or LafX when transformed with the appropriate recombinant plasmids. The ability of C. piscicola LV17 to produce lactacin F demonstrates that the machinery for the carnobacteriocins is capable of processing and exporting bacteriocins from both systems.
Crossing the Delaware with Larry Rivers and Frank O'Hara: The post-modern hero at the Battle of Signifiers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Rivers' Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953) and O'Hara's ‘On seeing Larry Rivers' Washington Crossing the Delaware at the Museum of Modern Art’ (1955) are two representative post-modern works which demonstrate how their artists interpret, by imitation and distortion, the techniques earlier artists devised to glorify individuals or passages from history. Both works recognize and respond to the complex but well understood systems for presenting a heroic vision of the culture in visual and literary art from classical times, systems continuously evolving through western history. While we might at first regard the poem as a fairly simple gloss on the painting, it turns out upon inspection to be developing its own set of interpreting allusions, verbal where Rivers' are visual (except, of course, for his title), making its own interpretation of Washington as well as of the painting. These parallel works can be used as set pieces for examining the ways visual and verbal art have in common for constituting and deconstructing the signs and meanings of the social institutions reflected in their subjects.
ANATOMIC B ASES O F M EDICAL, R ADIOLOGICAL A ND S URGICAL T ECHNIQUES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibilities of reinnervation of the gracilis muscle, transposed around the anus, by the pudendal nerve using an end-to-side nerve anastomosis. This study was carried out in 14 cases (7 adult human cadavers bilat- erally). The gracilis muscle and its vascular-nervous bundle have been dissected and the nerve innervating the gracilis muscle has been cut at its origin. The gracilis muscle, accompanied by its nerve, has then been trans- posed around the anus. The pudendal nerve has been dissected from its extrapelvic part. The reinnervation using an end-to-side nerve anastomosis has been con- sidered as feasible when the proximal ending of the nerve of the gracilis was put into a tension-free contact with the extrapelvic part of the pudendal nerve. The extra- pelvic part of the pudendal nerve has a common trunk in 12 cases. The width of the extrapelvic part of the pudendal nerve was 2.6±0.7 mm, range 1-3.5. The width of the proximal endings of the nerve innervating the gracilis muscle was 2.3±0.5 mm, range 2-3. The reinnervation of the gracilis muscle by the pudendal nerve has been possible in 14 cases. An average sup- plementary length of 17.4±15.4 mm was available (range 5-52). These results suggest an eventual practical aspect of this technique for the reconstruction of a functional sphincter using the gracilis muscle transposed around the anus.
Recent Australian Legislative Developments in the Regulation of Assisted Reproductive Technology.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This section considers the recent resurgence of regulatory interest in the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART) practices focusing on the new legislative framework in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). It provides an overview of the Australian regulatory framework in this field and considers how the new legislation in the ACT sits alongside this framework. A detailed overview of the key provisions of the ACT legislation is provided, before considering whether the legislation goes far enough in addressing some of the more controversial issues in the field of ART.