jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
State v. Ebrahim

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

417 Jurisdiction — Executive — Individuals abducting South African national in Swaziland and transporting him to South Africa to stand trial — Whether individuals agents of South African Government — Whether South African court having jurisdiction to try person brought into its jurisdiction against his will — “Clean hands” doctrine Relationship of international law and municipal law — In general — Restrictions on the exercise of power by one State in the territory of another — South African agents abducting South African national from Swaziland and transporting to South Africa to stand trial — Whether international law applicable — Whether applicable domestic law prohibiting such actions State responsibility — For acts of agents — Individual abducted from residence in Swaziland and transported to South Africa to stand trial — Circumstances surrounding abduction — Whether sufficient to show involvement of South African Government in the abduction — The law of South Africa
Prediction of Steady State Roll Threshold for Loaded Flat Bed Trailers - Theory and Calculation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The flexibility of flat bed trailers is shown to be an important consideration in determining the static roll threshold for a loaded Class 8 tractor trailer. The development of an easy to use static roll threshold model using Microsoft® Excel's nonlinear equation solution capability provides a tool that should be useful to the trailer designer, dock loading manager and the traffic safety manager responsible for the training of drivers. It can be seen for low stiffness flat bed trailers that the trailer torsional stiffness is a more important parameter than typical suspension or tire stiffness. Further, even for “stiff” flat bed trailers the use of the rigid body roll criteria (T/2h) or the 2-D “planar” model can produce significant error in many practical loading configurations.</div>
The Behavior of Fission Product Rare Gases in the Change of Solid Phase

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The oxidation and reduction behaviors of uranium oxides were studied by the fission gas emanation method.Three peaks were found in the heating curve of oxidation of UO2. The temperatures and ranges where the peaks appear changed with the particle size. An X-ray diffraction method, thermal balance and O/U measurement were used to identify the existing phases. The oxidation of UO2 occurs at the first peak. A slightly oxygen-rich phase of U3O8 was observed in the second peak, followed by the third peak where a slightly uranium-rich phase of U3O8 was observed.The reduction of U3O8 to UO2 with hydrogen occurs at about 600°C.The mechanism of xenon release from the oxide crystals when the oxidation or reduction occurs was also studied.
Somatic genetic analysis of cyclic AMP action: Selection of unresponsive mutants

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline kill S49.1 mouse lymphoma tissue culture cells. When cells are grown in soft agar with these drugs, the few clones that survive are resistant to cytolysis. The rate of mutation to resistance is 1–3 × 10 −7 /cell/generation in both diploid and tetraploid cells. The incidence of mutants is increased by treatment with a chemical mutagen ICR 191. The mutation is consistently associated with greatly reduced or absent cytoplasmic cyclic AMP binding protein. These results suggest that a somatic mutation leads to a defect of the protein kinase regulatory subunit and that activity of this kinase is required for induction of cell death by cyclic AMP.
Analysis of blood flow in the long posterior ciliary artery of the cat.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Ultrasonic flowmetry seems to be a useful tool for continuous on-line measurement of LPCA blood flow in the cat eye. Blood flow to vascular beds perfused by this artery does not seem to be under sympathetic neural control and is refractory to modest alterations of blood gas levels of CO2 and O2. Blood vessels perfused by the LPCA show no clear autoregulatory mechanisms.
Deep Vision Servo Hand-Eye Coordination Planning Study for Sorting Robots

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Within the context of large-scale symmetry, a study on deep vision servo multi-vision tracking coordination planning for sorting robots was conducted according to the problems of low recognition sorting accuracy and efficiency in existing sorting robots. In this paper, a kinematic model of a mobile picking manipulator was built. Then, the kinematics design of the orwX, Y, Z three-dimensional space manipulator was carried out, and a method of deriving and calculating the base position coordinates through the target point coordinates, the current moving chassis center coordinates and the determined manipulator grasping attitude conditions was proposed, which realizes the adjustment of the position and attitude of the moving chassis as small as possible. The multi-vision tracking coordinated sorting accounts 79.8% of the whole cycle. The design of a picking robot proposed in this paper can greatly improve the coordination symmetry of logistic package target recognition, detection and picking.
Sensory-based niche partitioning in a multiple predator–multiple prey community

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Many predators and parasites eavesdrop on the communication signals of their prey. Eavesdropping is typically studied as dyadic predator–prey species interactions; yet in nature, most predators target multiple prey species and most prey must evade multiple predator species. The impact of predator communities on prey signal evolution is not well understood. Predators could converge in their preferences for conspicuous signal properties, generating competition among predators and natural selection on particular prey signal features. Alternatively, predator species could vary in their preferences for prey signal properties, resulting in sensory-based niche partitioning of prey resources. In the Neotropics, many substrate-gleaning bats use the mate-attraction songs of male katydids to locate them as prey. We studied mechanisms of niche partitioning in four substrate-gleaning bat species and found they are similar in morphology, echolocation signal design and prey-handling ability, but each species preferred different acoustic features of male song in 12 sympatric katydid species. This divergence in predator preference probably contributes to the coexistence of many substrate-gleaning bat species in the Neotropics, and the substantial diversity in the mate-attraction signals of katydids. Our results provide insight into how multiple eavesdropping predator species might influence prey signal evolution through sensory-based niche partitioning.
Challenges faced by frontline health managers during the implementation of COVID-19 related policies in India: A qualitative analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background & objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the strengths and weaknesses of the healthcare systems across the world. Many directives, guidelines and policies for pandemic control were laid down centrally for its implementation; however, its translation at the periphery needs to be analyzed for future planning and implementation of public health activities. Hence, the objectives of this study were to identify the challenges faced by frontline health managers in selected States in India during the pandemic with regard to implementation of the COVID-19-related policies at the district level and also to assess the challenges faced by the them in adapting the centrally laid down COVID-19 guidelines as per the local needs of the district. Methods: A qualitative study using the grounded theory approach was conducted among frontline district-level managers from eight different States belonging to the north, south, east and west zones of India. The districts across the country were selected based on their vulnerability index, and in-depth interviews were conducted among the frontline managers to assess the challenges faced by them in carrying out COVID-19 related activities. Recorded data were transcribed verbatim, manually coded and thematically analyzed. Results: Challenges faced in implementing quarantine rules were numerous, and it was also compounded by stigma attached with the disease. The need for adapting the guidelines as per local considerations, inclusion of components of financial management at local level, management of tribal and vulnerable populations and migrants in COVID context were strongly suggested. The need to increase human resource in general and specifically data managers and operators was quoted as definite requirement. Interpretation & conclusions: The COVID-19 guidelines provided by the Centre were found to be useful at district levels. However, there was a need to make some operational and administrative modifications in order to implement these guidelines locally and to ensure their acceptability.
Anisotropic low-temperature in-plane magnetoresistance in electron doped Nd2−x Ce x CuO4+δ

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Nominally electron doped antiferromagnetic tetragonal nonsuperconducting Nd2−x Ce x CuO4+δ(x=0.12) has been shown to manifest strong angular dependence of the in-plane magnetoresistance on the orientation of the external magnetic field within the ab plane in many aspects similar to that observed in hole doped YBa2Cu3O7−δ and La2−x SrxCuO4. Specific fourfold angular magnetoresistance anisotropy amounting to several percents was observed in oxygen annealed films at low temperatures and in an external magnetic field up to 5.5 T. The strong temperature dependence and fourfold symmetry observed in our sample points to a specific role of rare-earth (Nd) ions in magnetoresistance anisotropy. At low temperature T = 1.4 K, we observed the unusual transformation of magnetoresistance response with increasing the external magnetic field, which seems to be a manifestation of a combined effect of a crossover between first and second order spin-flop transitions and a field-dependent rare-earth contribution to quasiparticle magnetotransport.
A Novel Approach for Athlete Profiling: The Unilateral Dynamic Strength Index

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Bishop, C, Read, P, Lake, J, Loturco, I, and Turner, A. A novel approach for athlete profiling: The unilateral dynamic strength index. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1023–1029, 2021—The Dynamic Strength Index (DSI) provides a ratio of the peak force an athlete can produce in both isometric and ballistic tasks. Although the DSI measured during bilateral tests has been examined, unilateral DSI scores have not been reported to date and thus was the aim of the present study. Twenty-eight recreational sport athletes performed 3 trials of a unilateral isometric squat and countermovement jump (CMJ) to measure peak force in each task across 2 separate test sessions. The unilateral DSI was calculated using both left vs. right and dominant vs. nondominant limbs. Good to excellent reliability was shown in the isometric squat (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.86–0.96; coefficient of variation [CV] ≤ 5.7%) and the CMJ (ICC = 0.83–0.93; CV ≤ 5.8%) on both limbs. The DSI showed moderate to good reliability (ICC = 0.71–0.79; CV = 7.54–11.9%). Dynamic Strength Index scores of 0.52–0.55 and 0.55–0.59 were reported on the left and right limbs, respectively, with no significant differences reported between limbs. A significant difference ( p = 0.04) was seen for the CMJ between left and right during the second test session only. The dominant and nondominant limbs reported mean DSI scores of 0.53–0.57, and significant differences were evident between limbs in both the isometric squat and CMJ ( p < 0.01). This study provides normative data for the unilateral DSI and indicates acceptable levels of reliability, whereas the consistency of individual measures of peak force can be considered good when quantified unilaterally.
Development of a GSM receiver array part 2 : IF receiver design and integration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This final year project report summarizes the study and work that had been done during the past 7 months. The objective of this project is to design and develop a multi-channel GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) based passive radar receiver system, which is to be employed in the Air Target Detection and tracking system. The study and research that have been carried out includes the idea of making use illuminators of opportunity to detect moving targets and estimate target parameters, GSM based digital cellular communication standard, various receiver architectures, as well as the receiver design requirements. Design and Simulation of receiver architecture was done by MATLAB program. Computer-aided design and simulation software such as ADS and AADE FILTER DESIGN AND ANALYSIS were utilized during the design. Protel 99 SE was also employed to accomplish the design and fabrication of PCB (Printed Circuit Board). The four-channel GSM receiver system was designed and deployed. The simulated and measured results of each device were evaluated. The fabrication and integration of four-channel receiver system were accomplished. The whole receiver system will be tested together with transmitter in the future.
Grasp State Classification in Agricultural Manipulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The agricultural setting poses additional challenges for robotic manipulation, as fruit is firmly attached to plants and the environment is cluttered and occluded. Therefore, accurate feedback about the grasp state is essential for effective harvesting. This study examines the different states involved in fruit picking by a robot, such as successful grasp, slip, and failed grasp, and develops a learning-based classifier using low-cost, computationally light sensors (IMU and IR reflectance). The Random Forest multi-class classifier accurately determines the current state and along with the sensors can operate in the occluded environment of a plant. The classifier was successfully trained and tested in the lab and showed 100% success at identifying slip and grasp failure and 80% success identifying successful picks on a real cherry tomato plant. By using this classifier, corrective actions can be planned based on the current state, thus leading to more efficient fruit harvesting.
I-intention and we-intention to contribute to WikiProjects

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The fast advances in social computing technologies have greatly changed the ways in which people work and collaborate. One prominent example of this ongoing trend is the rapid growth of wiki-based communities in the past few years. The development and popularity of online encyclopedia greatly relies on the wisdom of crowds, allowing the content to be contributed and accessed by anyone at any time around the world. However, the success of wiki, on the other hand, largely depends on the extent to which people are willing to donate their time and energy, thus helping the community to grow and prosper. In this sense, how to recruit a core group of contributors to produce excellent articles systematically and how to encourage team collaboration for encyclopedic work thus are some fundamental questions for wiki managers. One of the distinguishing features of wiki community is its emphasis on the collective involvement in the creation and maintenance of frequently updated information. The traditional intention-based models primarily investigated this phenomenon using individual intention approach in terms of an individual’s own decision to contribute or not. However, in the context of WikiProjects, the interdependence involved in the joint decision-making process seems to be more important for explaining the decision to contribute. The motivation of this study thus is to better understand the causal factors that predict contributors’ I-intention and we-intention in WikiProjects. This study also investigates the possible different impacts of I-intention and we-intention on actual knowledge contribution behavior in WikiProjects. The research framework incorporates the key constructs from social cognitive theory and
Short Communication:Geographic distribution and conservation status of the bay cat Catopuma badia, a Bornean endemic

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Despite being one of the rarest felids in \nthe world the Endangered Bornean bay cat Catopuma \nbadia has received little conservation attention. Most \ninformation consists of historical records, morphological \ndescriptions, and anecdotes from various sources. \nDuring 2003–2006 we undertook surveys using \ncamera trapping, interviews and field observations, to \ndetermine the species’ distribution and document \nany threats to its persistence. We also examined \nmuseum specimens and completed a thorough literature \nreview, collecting 15 additional geographic records \nthroughout Borneo. Our results show that opportunistic \nhunting and land use changes are the main threats to \nthe bay cat, and we make recommendations for its \nconservation.
SMEs as victims of competition violations in the EU: an empirical investigation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the nature and extent of competition violations experienced by SMEs in the EU-27 countries. Using data from the Flash Eurobarometer 510 Survey, this study employs a Heckman sample selection model to correct for potential selection bias. The findings reveal that while most SMEs do not face significant competition problems, those that do mainly struggle with high prices and powerful suppliers imposing unfair conditions. Interestingly, SME size and age do not significantly affect exposure to antitrust offenses, but industry sector and geographical location do. The paper emphasizes the potential roles of SMEs in competition authorities’ market oversight activities, given their unique market position and ability to detect competition violations early. Finally, the article calls for continuous engagement with SMEs by policymakers, regulators, and competition authorities to improve market competition.
HSV-2/SIVmac239wt co-infected animals have higher acute plasma VL and CD4 counts.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p>A) Schematic representation of the rectal challenges regimen. I. n = 9 animals were inoculated with 3000 TCID<sub>50</sub> of SIVΔNef, 12 weeks later challenged with 4x10<sup>6</sup> pfu of HSV-2 and 3 weeks later with 3000 TCID<sub>50</sub> of SIVmac239wt. II. n = 9 animals were challenged with 4x10<sup>6</sup> pfu of HSV-2 and 3 weeks later with 3000 TCID<sub>50</sub> of SIVmac239wt. III) n = 8 animals were inoculated with 3000 TCID<sub>50</sub> of SIVΔNef and 15 weeks later challenged with 3000 TCID<sub>50</sub> of SIVmac239wt. IV) 6 animals were challenged with 3000 TCID<sub>50</sub> of SIVmac239wt as a control. The results of each infection are shown in the <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0149491#pone.0149491.s006" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>. B) Plasma SIVgag RNA copies are shown for the SIVΔNef infected animals throughout the study. The dashed and full vertical lines indicate, respectively, the time of HSV-2 and SIVmac239wt challenges. C) Plasma SIVmac239wt (WT) RNA copies detected by discriminatory RT-qPCR are shown post-SIVmac239wt challenge for SIVmac239wt infected animals (WT; mean±SEM n = 12 animals at day 5 and 10, n = 5 at day 15), HSV-2/SIVmac239wt co-infected (HSV-2 WT; mean±SEM 7 animals) and for the 1 SIVΔNef/HSV-2/SIVmac239wt co-infected animal. All animals were necropsied 15 days after SIVmac239wt challenge. D-E) Blood CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells counts 2 weeks post-WT challenge (D) and 2 weeks post-HSV-2 challenge (E) are shown for the animals that acquired HSV-2 or SIVΔNef infection compared to those that remained uninfected (Uninf). Bars represent mean ± SEM. Significant p values are shown (α<0.05).</p>
Everyday Experience of Front-Line Professionals and In/Formal Carers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To address the risks to families of the availability of care for their older family members, this paper explores the impact of different care systems on the way that relevant care actors contribute to the long-term care of older people. It is based on an empirical study of the care needs assessment and care provision in England, the Netherlands and Taiwan. The participants in the study include 143 care actors at national, regional and local levels across the countries. It found that the objective of providing care needs is similar in each of the countries studied. However, the everyday life of professionals and in/formal carers differs based on the care culture and care policy in each country. Overall, care professionals and formal carers experience satisfaction in their caring role when sufficient time is available for them to work with individuals. Face-to-face contact with older people is important to care professionals if adequate needs assessment could be performed. Helping informal carers extend their ability to carry out their role may improve their well-being as carers and reduce the demand for formal care services.