jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Environmentally Friendly TPDS‐Mediated Free Radical Ring Expansion of α‐Haloalkyl Cyclic β‐Keto Esters.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sources of imprecision in laboratories screening for congenital hypothyroidism: analysis of nine years of performance data.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract We evaluated sources of imprecision in screening assays for congenital hypothyroidism performed between 1979 and 1987 by more than 45 laboratories participating in the national Neonatal Screening Standardization Program offered by the Centers for Disease Control. Reported concentrations were available from approximately 70,000 enriched dried-blood spot samples for thyroxin and thyrotropin, the primary and secondary screening assays, respectively. The most important sources of variation in assayed concentrations are within-laboratory imprecision and the methods or kits used. The importance of each of these sources depends on the analyte and its concentration. In most cases, the greatest source of measurement variation is attributable to within-laboratory imprecision (coefficient of variation 13% to 26%); however, kits are the largest source of variation at the lower concentrations of thyroxin. For both analytes, the greatest relative imprecision occurred at the low concentration, which was within the critical range of the cutoff values for detection of presumptive positive specimens. Imprecision in this range increases the risk of misclassifications. Minimizing within-laboratory imprecision and differences among kits seems to be the best way to improve overall efficiency of screening laboratories.
Clustering by Using the Way of Atomic Fission

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cluster analysis, which focuses on the grouping and categorization of similar elements, is widely used in various fields of research. Inspired by the phenomenon of atomic fission, this paper proposes a novel density-based clustering algorithm, called fission clustering (FC). It focuses on mining the dense families of clusters in the dataset and utilizes the information of the distance matrix to fissure the dataset into subsets. A K-nearest neighbor (KNN) local density indicator is applied to identify and remove the points of sparse areas so as to obtain a dense subset that consists of the dense families of clusters. The algorithm, denoted as FC-KNN, is achieved by merging FC and KNN local density indicator. Several frequently-used datasets were applied to test the performance of the proposed clustering approach and to compare the results with those of other algorithms. The comprehensive comparisons indicate that the proposed method has advantages over other common methods.
Current issues of decorative and applied arts studio heads preparation for their professional work

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article deals with current issues related to the readiness of future heads of the decorative and applied arts studio in the context of modern professional education. Leading approaches of research are the ideas of integration, system, competence, personal and activity approaches, theoretical positions and scientific provisions on professional activities. The idea of ​​creating a system of readiness formation for professional activity, which is capable of improving the educational process in higher educational institutions, is being put forward.
Penerapan Model Asesmen Problem Based Learning dengan Pendekatan STEM Guna Melatih Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Assessment is an important part of the learning process because it helps teachers to design learning process according to students’ condition. The assessment developed should take notice to the learning model and approach used. Thus, it will accurately assess the achievements of students. This study has developed a PjBL assessment model using the STEM approach. Whereas, this study conducted based on the unavailability of the PjBL assessment model using the STEM approach. In this study, the experimental research type was applied which using the PjBL-STEM model treatment to students to practice high order thinking skill. The instrument used is the PjBL-STEM assessment tool which was equipped with written feedback and descriptive questions from the analysis level to the creative level. The research subjects were 35 students of grade VII at a schools in Ambon. The data analysis used is quantitative Descriptive which is strengthened by Qualitative. Moreover, the result shows that the assessment can train the thinking in the higher order thinking skill, on the other hand the improvement is not significant.
Dynamics of heterozygosity and its correlation with fitness in a population of domestic pigs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Variation of heterozygosity at 11 loci for blood group systems (erythrocyte antigens), occurred during 14 years in the domestic pig population of Kemerovskaya breed is described. The two estimates computed for the population examined were represented by expected population heterozygosity, as a measure resistant to stochastic fluctuations, and individual heterozygosity, as a measure with the features of a quantitative trait. Our results showed that relative fitness of genotypic classes, formed by the alleles of erythrocyte antigen loci, was different. It was demonstrated that the population examined carried the alleles responsible for fitness decrease, as well as the alleles with stable and unstable equilibrium points (with increased and decreased relative fitness of heterozygotes). Suggestions based on these results, could be applied not only to the population examined, but also to the domesticated form of Sus scrofa as a whole.
Purification and characterization of an acid protease produced by a mutant strain of Aspergillus niger

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Department of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical Engineering Division, University of Calcutta,
92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700 009, India
E-mail : subhadeepgangulyphysiol@rediffmail.com
Manuscript received 17 September-2010, accepted 30 December 2010 Aspergillus niger, isolated from the soil, secretes an acidic protease into the medium on exposure to UV. irradiation for 1, 2, 3, 4, the organism was mutated and the mutants thus obtained were screened for maximum protease production. This extracellular protease was purified to apparent homogeneity by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Homogeneity was ascribed by electrophoresis. The molecular weight, as determined by SDS-PAGE was 39800 daltons. This protease has an optimum activity at a pH or 6.0 and temperature of 37°C. It is inhibited by metal ions like cu2+ but is active in the presence of metal ions like Mn2+ and Mg2+.
[The detection of preventive hypofibronectinemia in diagnosing the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with myocardial infarction at the hospital rehabilitation stage].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Postmyocardial infarction patients on hospital rehabilitation in case of no complications were examined for time course changes in the levels of fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), free hemoglobin (fHg) and fibronectin (Fn) using enzyme immunoassay. As shown by FDP and fHg values, the patients had DIC syndrome with its maximum on observation days 6-12 and 22-24. Fn fall occurred on the disease day 2-4 preceding maximum hemostasis activation up to 6-12th day. Less marked Fn reduction on the disease day 15-17 predicted a rise in hemocoagulation on day 22-24. It is recommended to determine FDP, fHg and Fn levels in blood of postmyocardial infarction patients to detect DIC syndrome and prevent hemostasis activation.
Decision making under conflicting criteria — A case study

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, an actual case study in health planning is presented to illustrate the principles involved in solving optimization problems under conflicting criteria. The case study involves the planning and implementation of a comprehensive health maintenance program by the U.S. Air Force. At the request of USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, both analytical and simulation studies were carried out to aid them in implementing an Air Force wide cardiovascular disease control (CVD) program. In this program, all Air Force personnel are screened for CVD risk and those at high risk are placed in a therapy program and treated. A bicriterion optimization model was developed to determine optimal strategies for therapy selection and treatment. Since the effectiveness of treatment for CVD was a random variable, one of the objective functions was stochastic and had to be determined with the help of a simulation model. The bicriterion model was solved using an interactive optimization method.
Modeling of rail track substructure linear elastic coupling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Most analyses of rail dynamics neglect contribution of the soil, or treat it in a very simple manner such as using spring elements. This can cause accuracy issues in examining dynamics for passenger comfort, derailment, substructure analysis, or other reasons. The authors examine how the treatment of the soil in a continuum fashion influences rail simulations. The authors use the finite element method to build a continuum model of the track structure and soil, including rails, fasteners, crossties (sleepers), ballast, subballast, and subgrade. The authors export the modal stiffness of the track structure to a multibody code to simulate the wheel/rail contact of a train over the track. From the modal displacements, the nodal displacements can be reconstructed in the finite element model. Contact forces and other quantities of interest can be determined.
The Good and the Good Book: Revelation as a Guide to Life

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Religions that centre around a revelation - or a 'good book', which is seen as God's word - are widely regarded as irrational and dangerous, based on outdated science and conducive to illiberal, inhumane moral attitudes. Samuel Fleischacker offers a powerful defence of revealed religion, and reconciles it with science and liberal morality
Foreign policy, populism and international ethics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Foreign policy, even in democracies, is generally the area of policy most insulated from popular political pressure. In nearly all countries it is the domain of permanent bureaucracies, entrenched economic interests and career diplomats who constitute a transnational political elite. The adage that 'politics stops at the water's edge' reflects the sense that international relations are a separate realm from normal politics—the country against the world rather than politicians against each other—to be entrusted to a bipartisan elite that derives its authority from hard-won experience and expertise in the international realm. This chapter explores the normative challenge to the global foreign policy establishment posed by populism, a political orientation that sees the world in terms of struggles between 'the people' and elites. Why does foreign policy so often seem immune to populist challenges that touch all other areas of democratic politics? What is the populist alternative to elitist foreign policy? What role, if any, has foreign policy elitism played in motivating the current wave of global populism? And how, if at all, has the foreign policy picture changed when populist movements have won political victories?
Liver function tests in Nigerian women with severe preeclampsia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Preeclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The new American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guideline now includes elevation of liver enzymes as a criterion for the diagnosis of preeclampsia. Objectives: The objectives of this study is to compare liver function tests in preeclampsia and normotensive pregnancy and determine their relationship with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma creatinine, and uric acid levels in Nigerian women with severe preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study of 46 women with severe preeclampsia and 21 pregnant women as controls. These women attended the Antenatal Clinic at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos where women were consecutively recruited. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the systolic blood pressure (P = 0.002), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.004), plasma creatinine (P = 0.007), uric acid (P = 0.0001), plasma albumin (P = 0.029), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P = 0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P = 0.0001), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P = 0.035), and unconjugated bilirubin (P = 0.023) between the group with severe preeclampsia and the normotensive pregnancy control group. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was however not significantly elevated. AST elevation was the most common anomaly in severe preeclampsia occurring in 54.3% of cases. There was no association between systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma creatinine, and uric acid in severe preeclampsia with and without abnormal liver function tests. Conclusion: Elevation of AST, ALP, GGT, and unconjugated bilirubin are common in Nigerian women with severe preeclampsia but may not all be of liver origin. These parameters were also not associated with indices of disease severity. The use of liver enzyme concentrations as adjuncts in preeclampsia diagnosis should be applied with caution in Nigerian women with preeclampsia.
Arnuwanda and Asmunikal donation document to hierolude Kuwattalla, tablet concordance KBo V 7 - CTH 223

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Transcription of the fragment of tablet concordance KBo V 7 (inventory no. Bo 2004) which is about Kuwattalla, the queenâs attendant as well as authoress of a magic ritual and land granted by Arnuwanda I in gratitude for her expertise. "Hierodule" means "sacred prostitute", but the term is not used literally; instead, it is more likely to refer to a former slave freed from slavery in order to be "dedicated" to a god. Emmanuel Laroche translated this text as "DâArnuwanda et Asmunikal Ã lâhiÃ©rodule Kuwattallaâ and classifies this tablet in the category of administrative and technical texts (Catalogue des textes Hittites, No. 223).
Some Factors Concerning the Centripetal Disposition of Bundle Sheath Chloroplasts during the Leaf Development of Eleusine coracana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Factors concerning the chloroplast disposition in bundle sheath cells were investigated in finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.), and NAD malic enzyme type C4 plant with the centripetal arrangement of bundle sheath chloroplasts. Segments were cut from immature regions of emerging leaves in which the centripetal arrangement of bundle sheath chloroplasts had not yet been established. The leaf segments were floated on solutions with or without reagents. Sections were made of the segments at time intervals and the distribution of bundle sheath chloroplasts was observed by light microscopy. The bundle sheath chloroplasts migrated to the vascular bundle and established a centripetal arrangement by 12-16 h in control solutions. Auxins, cycloheximide and cytochalasin B inhibited the disposition of bundle sheath chloroplasts while chloramphenicol and colchicine had no effect. The inhibitory effect of auxins appeared only at early stages of chloroplast migration while cycloheximide and cytochalasin B were effective even at later stages. Cessation of elongation growth, cytoplasmic protein synthesis and microfilaments seemed to be associated with the centripetal disposition of bundle sheath chloroplasts.Copyright 1993, 1999 Academic Press
Role of Ayurveda treatment protocol in the management of Yuvanpidika w.s.r. to Acne Conglobata – A Single Case Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acne Conglobata refers to the severe form of acne characterized by large polyporous comedon, severe inflammatory lesions including abscesses and cysts, marked scarring and sinus formation. The etiology of acne involves the interplay of multiple factors, including hormonally-induced sebum production, and inflammation. The gram-positive microaerophilic/anaerobic rod called Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) is a commensal organism of the skin found deep within the sebaceous follicle and mediates a portion of the inflammatory component. In Ayurveda, AC can be correlated with Mukhadushika which was explained under Kshudra Rogas. Due to vitiation of Kapha, Vata and Rakta, small or medium sized eruptions appeared on the face of adolescents. Classical text explains treatment plan for Mukhadushika is of two types Shodhana Chikitsa and Shamana Chikitsa including Vamana, Nasya, Siravedha, Lepa and Pralepa. A 27 year old male patient came with complaints of Pidaka (glandular and papular swelling) all over the face, Todavat Pida (pricking pain) with oiliness of face, Malabadhata (constipation), improper sleep pattern since last 2 months. After detailed examination and history taking Hetu of the disease were evaluated and patient treated with Shodhan and Shaman for 2 months along with Jalukaavcharan 2 times in treatment duration & was also advised to follow Pathya-Apathy. After completion of treatment patient was got relief of all the complaints and get rid of disease.
Synthesis and Determination of Antibacterial Activity of Jacaranone and Synthetic Analogs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Natural product jacaranone, 1, and five more analog derivatives were synthesized and its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms was tested. One of these derivatives, 5, was more active than the natural product, and exhibited a bactericidal effect against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Access to 3‐Ulosonic Acids via a SmI2‐Mediated Reformatsky Reaction on Aldonolactones.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Regulatory Perspective for the Definition of Probabilistic Acceptance Criteria for CANDU Pressure Tubes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For the assurance of fitness-for-service of CANDU Pressure Tubes (PTs), guidelines and acceptance criteria are provided in Canadian Standard Association (CSA) N285.8-15, Technical requirements for in-service evaluation of zirconium alloy pressure Tubes in CANDU reactors. With respect to the assessment of risk of operation associated with degradation mechanisms and aging of the PTs in the entire core of a given reactor Unit, Clause 7 of CSA N285.8 allows Licensee’s to use either a deterministic or probabilistic method to assess the likelihood of PT failures. When a probabilistic method is used, the Licensee is obligated to demonstrate that the combined frequency of PT failure(s) over the evaluation period, due to the various potential degradation mechanisms, is less than the maximum acceptable frequency provided in Table C.1 of CSA N285.8-15. The maximum acceptable frequency provided in Table C.1 of CSA N285.8-15 was developed in the early-1990’s based on reactor operating experience and knowledge at that time, Station Siting Guides and Consultative Regulatory Guide C-006 (Revision 1). A task group was established by the CSA N285.8 Technical Steering Committee to re-evaluate the allowable failure frequencies to confirm that they remain relevant given the current state of knowledge and the additional evaluation tools available. This paper provides Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission staff views regarding the technical basis for revisions to the allowable frequencies based upon current industry practices in conducting probabilistic core assessments.
Government, Opposition and Sport: the Role of Domestic Sports Policy in Generating Political Support

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

All governments, regardless of regime type, use sport to generate political support. Op positions commonly seek to exploit sport in order to diminish systemic support. This article identifies three types of domestic sports policies — integrative, symbolic and instrumental, describes the functions of each type in terms of systemic support, identifies the structure through which each is implemented, and relates opposition strategies to each type. The arti cle concludes that the significance of domestic sports policy is found in the modification and reinforcement of citizen values and beliefs, oppositions will continue to be offered op portunities to exploit sport due to governments' failure to acknowledge the dysfunctional aspects of sports policies, and governments will find it increasingly necessary to limit the autonomy of sport.
Nutcracker syndrome complicating with renal abscess.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The nutcracker syndrome refers to compression of left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta. Renal abscess consists of purulent and necrotic material localised to the renal parenchyma. These two entities are extremely rare and their coincidence has not previously been described in literature. Here, we report a case of a 10-year-old girl who developed left renal abscess probably due to nutcracker syndrome.
A Mobility Based Cooperative MAC Protocol for Wireless Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a cooperative MAC protocol based on IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless ad hoc networks. In this protocol, a low data rate direct transmission link is replaced by two faster transmission links using an appropriate relay node. We investigate the challenges and issues of this problem by designing an efficient MAC scheme to improve the network throughput by finding the best relay node. Assuming that the relay node is fixed for a given interval time, the effect of nodes’ mobility in finding the best relay node is investigated. The proposed scheme introduces a solution to improve the throughput and preserve the cooperation stability in the mobile ad hoc networks. To validate the protocol, we compare the results with CoopMAC protocol. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol outperforms the CoopMAC protocol in terms of throughput.