jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Scalability of a singing-based intervention for postpartum depression in Denmark and Romania: protocol for a single-arm feasibility study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Postpartum depression (PPD) affects around one in seven women globally, with these women in need of non-pharmaceutical treatment strategies. There is a long history of the benefits of singing for maternal mental health, and promising research exists showing the clinical effectiveness of group singing. Group singing interventions are being scaled up to support new mothers in the United Kingdom, but we do not know if such an intervention may benefit women in different cultural contexts. This protocol focuses on exploring the feasibility of implementation and perceived impact of a 10-week group singing intervention for new mothers in Romania and Denmark eliciting signs of PPD. Methods and analysis Data will be collected from up to 48 women with a score ≥10 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) participating in a 10-week group singing intervention in Denmark or Romania, as well as a range of project stakeholders. The singing classes will take place in person and be facilitated by professional singing leaders. Feasibility of implementation will be analysed through qualitative data (eg, focus groups, interviews) and quantitative data (eg, the Feasibility of Intervention Measure). Perceived impact will be explored via surveys that include mental health measures (EPDS, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, WHO Five Well-Being Index) from singing intervention participants (at weeks 1, 6, 10) and focus groups. Descriptive statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance will be used to analyse quantitative data. Framework method and thematic analysis will be used to analyse qualitative data. Ethics and dissemination The national ethics committees in Romania (IRB-PH Protocol #2021-211217-012) and Denmark (case number 1-10-72-274-21) have approved the study, as has the Ethics Review Committee at the World Health Organization (ERC.0003714). All participants will be required to provide informed consent. Results will be disseminated by reports published by the WHO Regional Office for Europe, peer-reviewed publications and at conferences.
Cell types of Miwi-EGFP expression in transgenic mouse testis.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>a), Immunocytochemical localization of EGFP in transgenic mouse testis using anti-EGFP antibody. c), Endogenous Miwi expression was detected in the wild-type testis using anti-Miwi antibody. Signals were detected with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (brown). Bottom panels (b,d) are enlarged images (100×) from the squares in their respective upper panels (a,c) (40×). Negative controls were showed in <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002716#pgen.1002716.s001" target="_blank">Figure S1B</a>. Nuclei were re-dyed with hematoxylin (blue). P, pachytene spermatocytes; R, round spermatids.</p>
The Utility of Cellulose Meals for Studies on Gastrointestinal Motility in Dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study evaluated the effect of a cellulose meal and a cellulose-oleic acid meal on gastroduodenal motility and gastric emptying. The cellulose meal produced a high antral motility index (100 +/- 34 V/10 min) and a high proportion (80.2%) of propulsive duodenal contractions. The oleic acid meal was associated with a significantly lower antral motility index (70 +/- 34 V/10 min), a high proportion (78.7%) of segmental duodenal contractions, and a reduced emptying rate (half time 93 +/- 18 versus 30 +/- 7 min). Results indicate that the inert cellulose meal is advantageous in studying the effects of different nutrients on gastrointestinal motility.
Physical Gels Based on Polyrotaxanes: Kinetics of the Gelation, and Relative Contributions of α‐Cyclodextrin and Poly(ethylene oxide) to the Gel Cohesion

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Polyrotaxanes (PRs) based on α‐cyclodextrins (α‐CDs) threaded onto 22 kg mol −1 poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains in concentrated solution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) showed the particularity to form physical gels when resting at 21 °C. The wide range of studied degrees of complexation N (from 7 up to 176), where N is the number of threaded α‐CDs per PEO chain, allowed to better understand the molecular origin of the physical gelation. The non‐monotonous evolution of the mechanical properties of the gels with the complexation degree can be attributed to the crystallization of naked PEO segments and the aggregation of α‐CDs. In fact, differential scanning calorimetry measurements carried out on these physical gels showed two distinct endothermic peaks. The first peak at 29.4 °C was attributed to the crystals of naked PEO segments (the parts of the PR molecule not covered by α‐CDs). The second peak at 32.0 °C was attributed to α‐CD aggregates. The dissolution enthalpy of the low temperature peak decreased monotonously with increasing N and the dissolution enthalpy of the high temperature peak increased monotonously with increasing N . These results were confirmed using X‐ray scattering and 1 H NMR spectroscopy measurements showing these two contributions to gelation. These results showed that the cohesion of the physical gel was due to the crystallization of naked PEO segments, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, to the regular aggregation of α‐CDs driven by intra‐ and inter‐molecular hydrogen bonding interactions of their hydroxyl groups.
The Ubiquity of Discrepant Results in Research

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Chapter 2 of Discrepant Results in Mental Health Research describes the rationale for “best practices” when assessing mental health. The absence of a single “test” for estimating mental health domains like aggression, anxiety, personality, or parenting requires researchers to assess these domains in many ways. This practice commonly produces discrepant results in assessment outcomes, such that no two ways for assessing a domain produce results that are interchangeable with one another. To support this point, this chapter traces the history of empirical work focused on estimating the level of discrepant results in mental health assessments to its origins in the 1950s. Over time, this literature has grown to hundreds of studies. Authoritative meta-analytic reviews of this literature indicate that discrepant results appear in studies ranging from the prevalence of mental health concerns to the effects of interventions designed to address these concerns.
Voci di donna: le traiettorie femminili tra progetti e stereotipi in un’iniziativa di orientamento universitario

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Gender influences the youth’s choices, leading them to educational and professional paths oriented by the role expectations that have been interiorized in childhood. Therefore, it becomes essential to analyse the interactions of gender and other cultural, socio-economical and subjective elements which characterize the teenagers’ identities and their transitions from school to work. The project “The Youths and work” has been conceived as part of the guidance activities of the Department of education, humans sciences and intercultural communication of Arezzo with the aim of enabling female students attending first year of university and secondary schools to choose their paths more knowingly. Starting from the assumption that the majority of students attending the university courses are women, the meetings held as part of the project aimed to examine female scholars’ representations of work. Furthermore, some privileged witnesses, during a specific meeting, described their educational and professional paths highlighting their positive and negative experiences. In this essay I will analyse the conversations with students, in which we have tried to expose the distorted views and prejudices that may affect the life plans of the female students. Keywords: university guidance, gender stereotypes, female motivations, life plans.
Elagolix Sodium Salt and Its Synthetic Intermediates: A Spectroscopic, Crystallographic, and Conformational Study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Elagolix sodium salt is the first marketed orally active non-peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist (GnRHR-ant) for the management of hormone dependent diseases, such as endometriosis and uterine fibroids. Despite its presence on the market since 2018, a thorough NMR analysis of this drug, together with its synthetic intermediates, is still lacking. Hence, with the aim of filling this literature gap, we here performed a detailed NMR investigation, which allowed the complete assignment of the 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR signals. These data allowed, with the support of the conformational analysis, the determination of the stereochemical profile of the two atropisomers, detectable in solution. Moreover, these latter were also detected by means of cellulose-based chiral HPLC, starting from a sample prepared through an implemented synthetic procedure with respect to the reported ones. Overall, these results contribute to further understanding of the topic of atropisomerism in drug discovery and could be applied in the design of safe and stable analogs, endowed with improved target selectivity.
Good Convolutional Codes for the Precoded Partial-Response Channels

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we extend the coding technique for the channel, due to Wolf and Ungerboeck, to the case of the channel. The technique employs a convolutional encoder, a precoder, and the channel in cascade. A computer- aided search for channel codes with large minimum free squared Euclidean distance, , is introduced. The search is limited to a class of convolutional encoders for which an encoder with constraint length generates a decoder trellis with states only, as opposed to states obtained when a general convolutional encoder is used. These channel codes are said to be totally trellis-matched (TTM) to the channel. A limitation on the maximum zero-run length, , is attained by choosing a nontrivial coset of the convolutional code. A class of coset representatives from which the resulting run-length- limited channel codes are TTM is determined. While minimal encoders generate channel codes containing no flawed codewords, it is shown that some nonminimal encoders do the same while achieving larger . Both types of encoders are considered in the search. Many new channel codes for the and the channels, with diverse rates and decoding complexities, are tabulated. The codes have relatively low decoding complexity for rates up to . Two of the new channel codes are compared to a matched spectral null (MSN) code. With the same decoding complexity and code rate, one of these two new channel codes has a smaller and larger than the MSN code. However, with slightly higher decoding complexity, the second new channel code outperforms the MSN code.
Child labour in the Philippines.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of this paper is to analyse the supply-side socioeconomic determinants of child labour in Philippines. These determinants are analysed based on data from a national household survey and a labour force survey. The research methodology used is the sequential probit model which assumes that household decisions are made in a hierarchical manner. Using this model, the impact of various household and economic characteristics on the probability of child labour is estimated.
Using Mashup and Web 2.0 to Foster Inquiry-Based Flipped Classroom in Online Teaching of Technical Curriculum: A Case Study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the unrivalled advances in information and communication technologies, teaching and learning methods have substantially evolved over years. This has led to several novel and creative ideas and thoughts, making several channels available for gaining knowledge of academic curricula as well as post-graduate career development. In this paper, we share our experience on a case study for shifting the traditional approach of teaching a course on Web Application Engineering and Development, which is a commonly-populated regularly-offered course on most software engineering, computer science, and information technology related programs in many worldwide universities. The course material and assessment methods are redesigned to foster more active and collaborative social learning. The instructor's role has changed to act as a coach guiding students to gain the required knowledge and achieve the expected learning outcomes through inquiry-based learning using mashup and Web 2.0 technologies to engage students, deal with student differences and mange their communications. The described approach has been approved as part of an innovative teaching initiative program at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia, for online classes during the global pandemic of COVID-19 coronavirus. This paper also shares the instructor's and students' perspectives on comparing virtual classrooms to traditional face-to-face classrooms.
Non-parametric sign test and paired samples test of effectiveness of official FX intervention

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article is an event study of the effectiveness of official foreign exchange interventions by the National Bank of Serbia (NBS) in the RSD/EUR market. As the NBS does not have a formally modelled response function we assume that it intervenes as is expected according to its mandate, i.e., to prevent excess daily fluctuations. This paper tests two alternative goals of official intervention, marking as a success an event in which the NBS either breaks/reverses or smooths an ongoing exchange rate movement. According to a pre-defined time window for an intervention-clustering event, a nonparametric sign test supported the view that the NBS has failed to reverse the trend but is fairly effective in smoothing exchange rate return. However, even the smoothing effect is identified as short lasting. A paired samples test leads to similar findings, but because of weak support for the necessary conditions of sampling distribution it remains less conclusive.
Learning Symmetric Embeddings for Equivariant World Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Incorporating symmetries can lead to highly data-efficient and generalizable models by defining equivalence classes of data samples related by transformations. However, characterizing how transformations act on input data is often difficult, limiting the applicability of equivariant models. We propose learning symmetric embedding networks (SENs) that encode an input space (e.g. images), where we do not know the effect of transformations (e.g. rotations), to a feature space that transforms in a known manner under these operations. This network can be trained end-to-end with an equivariant task network to learn an explicitly symmetric representation. We validate this approach in the context of equivariant transition models with 3 distinct forms of symmetry. Our experiments demonstrate that SENs facilitate the application of equivariant networks to data with complex symmetry representations. Moreover, doing so can yield improvements in accuracy and generalization relative to both fully-equivariant and non-equivariant baselines.
Hydraulic fracture simulation: Comparison with exact solutions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The nature and distribution of residual stresses are invariably critical for fatigue life with dissimilar material joints often inducing high tensile residual stresses. A fatigue-resistant concept of weld cladding process pipelines, producing compressive residual stresses, is under investigation to examine how these stresses may be influenced. Simplified weld cladding simulations have successfully illustrated the development and distribution of residual stresses through the joint. The study has highlighted the importance of accurate material data for clad and substrate materials with current analysis assumptions in a simple thick-walled pipe discussed. Experimental validation, using ICHD, measured residual stresses with depth on weld clad specimens, resulting in good correlation between simulation and experiment for a nickel-chromium-based superalloy clad on low alloy carbon steel as discussed. Future work, including a full 3D representation of the cladding process and a comparison of residual stress measurement methods, are also discussed.
The list of abbreviations.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div><p>In recent years, diatomite has been successfully adopted in asphalt modification to overcome the problems of polymer modified asphalt, because of the advantages in wide sources, low price, and worthy technical characteristics. Although the improvement of the high-temperature performance of the modified diatomite asphalt has been verified in previous studies, the diatomite will bring negative impact on the low-temperature resistance. Hence, the objective of this study is to seek a new channel to improve the comprehensive performance of the diatomite modified asphalt binder. Considering the advantage of the SBR in improving the low-temperature performance of asphalt binder, the diatomite/SBR composite modified asphalt binder (DSA) and the corresponding preparation technology are developed to obtain an improved comprehensive performance via the orthogonal experiment method in this study. Moreover, the modification mechanisms of the DSA are revealed using fluorescence microscopy (FM) tests, Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) tests, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests.</p></div>
The SmartVision Navigation Prototype for the Blind

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract 1 — The goal of the project &quot;SmartVision: active vision for the blind &quot; is to develop a small and portable but intelligent and reliable system for assisting the blind and visually impaired while navigating autonomously, both outdoor and indoor. In this paper we present an overview of the prototype, design issues, and its different modules which integrate a GIS with GPS, Wi-Fi, RFID tags and computer vision. The prototype addresses global navigation by following known landmarks, local navigation with path tracking and obstacle avoidance, and object recognition. The system does not replace the white cane, but extends it beyond its reach. The userfriendly interface consists of a 4-button hand-held box, a vibration actuator in the handle of the cane, and speech synthesis. A future version may also employ active RFID tags for marking navigation landmarks, and speech recognition may complement speech synthesis. I.
Fuzzy evaluation and obstacle factors of urban ecological health changes in the Wei River Basin, northwest China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Background Urban ecological health is crucial for the long-term sustainable development of watershed. Accurately evaluating the health level of the ecological environment helps to develop reasonable strategies for ecological environment restoration and resource management. This paper constructed a comprehensive evaluation index system based on the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework and evaluated the ecological health of eleven administrative regions in the Wei River Basin (WRB), northwest China in 1980, 2000, and 2020 using an evaluation model established by fuzzy mathematics. Further, obstacle degrees were used to quantify the contribution of pressure, state, and response modules, as well as individual indicators to ecological health. Results The comprehensive evaluation system constructed based on the PSR framework could effectively reflect the ecological health conditions of different regions in the WRB. During the study period, the ecological health went through a process of first deterioration and then improvement. By 2020, the ecological health of seven administrative regions reached healthy levels. The state module was the main obstacle module of the PSR framework to the ecological health of the most regions. The population density (P1), patch density of construction land (S5), comprehensive elasticity index (S8), soil erosion index (R1), and per capital GDP (R3) were the most crucial individual indicators affecting the ecological health. For different cities, the main obstacle factors varied. In economically developed cities, the limiting effect of P1 was more significant, while in economically underdeveloped cities, the limiting effect of R3 was stronger. Conclusions In response to the special natural environment and socio-economic conditions of arid and semi-arid areas in the WRB, an ecological health evaluation index system suitable for the characteristics of the basin was constructed. The results indicated that, to improve the levels of urban ecological health, it is necessary to restore the natural ecological environment and control population size while accelerating economic construction. Our results can provide scientific support for the ecological health evaluation and protection of the WRB and even the arid and semi-arid areas in northwest China.
The role of actinically provoked systemic elastolysis in polymyalgic vascular disease A study based on serum fluorescence and haptoglobin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The American Journal of Dermatopathology offers outstanding coverage of the latest diagnostic approaches and laboratory techniques, as well as insights into contemporary social, legal, and ethical concerns. Each issue features review articles on clinical, technical, and basic science advances and illuminating, detailed case reports. With the The American Journal of Dermatopathology you'll be able to: Incorporate step-by-step coverage of new or difficult-to-diagnose conditions from their earliest histopathologic signs to confirmatory immunohistochemical and molecular studies. Apply the latest basic science findings and clinical approaches to your work right away. Tap into the skills and expertise of your peers and colleagues the world over peer-reviewed original articles, "Extraordinary cases reports", coverage of practical guidelines, and graphic presentations. Expand your horizons through the Journal's idea-generating forum for debating controversial issues and learning from preeminent researchers and clinicians. Official Journal of the International Society of Dermatopathology (ISDP)
Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to crop geometry and weed management

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was conducted during thc winter season of 1992--93 and 1993-94 on moderatcly acidic sandy-loam soil to study response of wheat (Triticuni aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Iaol.) to crop geometry and weed Innnaganlent. Weedy dry weight was minimum in closer sowing at 15 ctn. Intcrgratcd wced management was 97% eflicient in reducing weed dry weight. Criss-cross sowing at 22.5 cm x 22.5 cm and unidirectional sowing at 15 cm incrcased grain yield by 22.7 and 13.6% coinpared with wider sowing at 22.5 cm. Sicnilarly, straw yield increase was recorded up to 27.3 and 18.2% over wider sowing at 22.5 cm. Criss-cross sowing with integrated weed-management practice Ibi~nd to be the hest combination and gave the maximum yield of 3.1 tonnesha.