jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dynamic process monitoring using multiscale PCA

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Conventional principal component analysis (PCA) is ideally suited for monitoring steady state processes based on the assumption that the measurements are time independent (uncorrelated) and normally distributed. Typically, most of the processes are in dynamic state, with various events occurring such as abrupt process changes, low drifts, bad measurements due to sensor failures, human errors, etc. Data from these processes are not only cross-correlated, but also auto-correlated. Applying conventional PCA directly to dynamic systems can raise false alarms, making it insensitive to detect and discriminate different kinds of events. Every event is associated with a certain frequency band according to its power spectrum. Wavelets are emerging tools to decompose a signal into various frequency bands providing simultaneous time-frequency domain analysis. We combine the potential of wavelets with the congeniality of PCA to monitor dynamic multivariate processes at different scales (frequencies). This multiscale monitoring strategy extends the suitability of PCA to statistically monitor processes based on auto-correlated measurements. Additionally, the resulting PCA models are more sensitive in detecting changes in a process. These ideas are illustrated by a suitable example.
When Syphilis Imitates Cancer: A Case of Misdiagnosed Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma and Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum which stands as one of the most significant imitators in clinical medicine. Its wide variety of manifestations can mimic autoimmune, inflammatory, and neoplastic disorders. Hereby we present a case of a 27-year-old male initially suspected of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) based on lymphadenopathy, systemic weight loss, ulcerative cutaneous lesions, and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET-CT) findings of hypermetabolic nodes above and below the diaphragm. Histopathological analysis suggested pleomorphic lymphoid proliferation, while imaging supported the suspicion of malignancy. However, subsequent biopsies revealed plasmacytic and lymphocytic infiltration without clonality, and treponemal serologies confirmed secondary syphilis. The patient was referred for anti-treponemal therapy resulting in the resolution of the initial symptoms. This case highlights how syphilis can closely imitate hematologic malignancy, particularly CTCL, at both clinical and histopathological levels. We also review published reports of syphilis masquerading as malignancies and propose a structured diagnostic algorithm. We believe that the early inclusion of syphilis in differential diagnosis is critical to avoid misdiagnosis and appropriate treatment delays.
Biology Microworld to Assess Students' Content Knowledge and Inquiry Skills and Leveraging Student Modeling to Prescribe Design Features for Scaffolding Learning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is the underlying presupposition of the Science Assistments research (http://www.scienceassistments.org) that students need to leave school with a basic understanding of science and grounding in inquiry skills (NSES, 1996; NRC, 2011). We also believe that the current standard for assessing these skills, the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System, is inadequate in terms of the rote- oriented multiple-choice tests. This thesis describes the creation of a simulation, or microworld, of an animal cell. This content is aligned with the Massachusetts science frameworks for middle school Life Science (Massachusetts Department of Education, 2006). Our microworld, Simcell, gives students an opportunity to form hypotheses, design experiments to test these hypotheses, and analyze their data collected during the experiment. The microworlds track students' actions in log files that can be analyzed by the system to provide fine tuned assessments of students, and based on these assessments, in the future, we will provide dynamic help though scaffolds to students who are struggling with inquiry (Gobert et al, 2007; 2009; Gobert et al, in press). Over the course of two studies, this biology microworld was designed, developed, and fined tuned through the use of domain experts and student pilot data. We also analyzed the student logs in order to try to model students' learning so we can predict useful times for the system to come in and help. In study one we identify a potential point to remediate struggling students. In study two we conducted a series of logistic and linear regressions to predict student knowledge. However, due to the large number of different variables and the relatively small size of the dataset, we could not be confident in the results that were obtained. Many attempts to reduce the number of variables used in the model were tried, but these methods did not yield more promise than the original set. Finally, we finish this report with a new path for researchers to consider, namely, looking at the data in different ways in order to find a way of viewing the data that would allow for known successful student modeling techniques such as Bayesian Knowledge Tracing.
Simulation of outdoor natural ventilation for multiple workshops in industrial parks of Singapore

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As Singapore progressed, forested areas were cleared to make way for housing and industrial development. As such, green areas diminished, the density of concrete buildings increased, and there was a drastic change in surface coating materials. These brought about low wind velocity, and as a result, urban air temperature rose along the years. Human activities and the absorption of solar radiation on dark surfaces could lead to further overheating. The heating issue is worsened with increased use of air-conditioning to bring about living comfort, but in turn leads to additional environmental heating and carbon dioxide release. In this project, the main objective was to perform studies with aid of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation to investigate the airflow patterns within an industrial estate, and to find out how additional buildings would improve or affect the existing airflow. Eight CFD simulations were carried out to study the flow behaviour within the identified industrial estate. The eight studies comprise of: 1. Reference Model (North Wind) 2. Reference Model (East Wind) 3. Model 1 – Reference Model with bisected buildings (North Wind) 4. Model 1 – Reference Model with bisected buildings (East Wind) 5. Model 2 – Reference Model with new buildings (North Wind) 6. Model 2 – Reference Model with new buildings (East Wind) 7. Model 3 – Model 1 with new buildings (North Wind) 8. Model 3 – Model 1 with new buildings (East Wind) For studies 1 and 2, the reference model was replicated after a portion of Woodlands Industrial Park. The area encompassed within the reference model includes Woodlands Bus Park, Woodlands e-Terrace, Nordix, Woodlands Bus Depot, and Woodlands Lodge One. For studies 3 and 4, buildings from the reference model were bisected, with additional gaps introduced between the buildings, allowing for more even spacing between the individual buildings. For studies 5 and 6, the same layout from studies 1 and 2 was taken, while introducing new buildings into the area, which represent future building growth. For studies 7 and 8, the same layout from studies 3 and 4 was taken, while introducing the same buildings added into the area like studies 5 and 6. For all north-wind studies, the velocity inlet boundary condition is set on the northern surface, and pressure outlet boundary condition on the southern surface. Similarly, for East-wind studies, the velocity inlet boundary condition is set on the eastern surface, and pressure outlet boundary condition on the western surface.
Sensitivity comparison of SYBR Green I with EB in Q-PCR

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Aim: To compare the sensitivity of SYBR Green I stain with ethidium bromide(EB)stain in quantitative PCR(Q-PCR).Methods: The DNA samples were isolated from 26 cases of Down's syndrome and 20 normal subjects. The DNA amplification products were subjected to agarose gels with SYBR Green I stain and EB stain, respectively. The optical densitometry of the PCR products was measured.Results: DNA amplification products in 24 cycles stained with SYBR Green I were clearly visualized and quantitatively detected,but DNA amplification products stained with EB could not be quantitatively analyzed until 28 cycles.Conclusion: SYBR Green I is more sensitive and rapid for detecting DNA in Q-PCR assay compared with EB.
Musical life in Slutsk during the years 1733–1760 in the light of archive materials

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article represents the very fi rst attempt at reconstructing musical life in Slutsk \n(Pol. Słuck) during the fi rst half of the eighteenth century, and it merely outlines the issues involved. \nSlutsk was a typical private town – a multicultural centre inhabited by Jews, Orthodox Ruthenians, \nLithuanians and Poles of the Protestant and Roman-Catholic faiths. Among the representatives of \nthe Roman-Catholic faith, the Jesuits were the main animators of the town’s cultural and educational \nlife, alongside the court of Prince Hieronim Florian Radziwiłł. A medium-sized music boarding \nschool attached to the Jesuit College in Slutsk existed from around 1713. Musical instruments were \npurchased for the school quite regularly, often in faraway Koenigsberg. The contacts between the \nboarding school and the prince’s court were relatively frequent and good, and some school-leavers \nfound jobs at the court, chiefl y in the garrison or janissary band, and sporadically also in Prince \nRadziwiłł’s music ensemble. \nThe court was the main centre of the town’s cultural life. Among its numerous artistic ventures, stage \nshows seem to have been the most spectacular. For the purposes of such performances, a free-standing \ntheatre was built in the centre of Slutsk at the turn of 1753. This building is worth mentioning because \nof the rarity of such projects in the Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania during the 1750s. The repertoire \nof the Slutsk theatre was initially dominated by commedia dell’arte in German and the occasional \ndramma per musica, but during the second half of the 1750s, one-act ballets began to dominate. \nAmong the instrumental works performed in Slutsk were compositions by Carl Heinrich and Johann \nGottlieb Graun, Georg Christoph Wagenseil, and musicians active at the Radziwiłł court (Andreas Wappler, \nJoseph Kohaut and Johannes Battista Hochbrucker), as well as improvisations by Georg Noëlli. \nThe town’s artistic heyday ended with the death of Prince Hieronim Florian Radziwiłł, in 1760, and \nthe dissolution of the Society of Jesus, a decade or so later.
Proposals for epidemiological surveys of helminthoses aimed at the improvement of livestock production in the tropics.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

As the major contagious epidemics in the tropics are today more or less under control, the most important diseases of livestock are due to parasitic infections. Precise knowledge concerning the biology of parasites and their seasonality is a prerequisite for any control strategy. Therefore, epidemiological investigations into the effect of helminths on ruminant livestock production must include I. A vertical section through the age dependent helminthic burden of a representative number of animals of a given population, i.e. the sampling of faeces at regular intervals during the first 18 months of life. II. Investigations into the horizontal development of the helminthic situation, whether soil-transmitted and/or vector-transmitted. a. The seasonal fluctuation of egg excretion from gastrointestinal nematodes. b. The seasonal incidence of nematode larvae on pastures. c. The seasonal survival time of nematodes larvae on pastures. III. The seasonal fluctuation of vector snails and their incidence of infection with trematode larvae. For the economic evaluation of control measures it is necessary that the following parameters should be recorded: The age dependent mortality rate, the development of the average body weight, the birth/slaughter weight, the age at first calving and the calving intervals.
Two-step method for preparation of Al2O3/IF-WS2 nanoparticles composite coating

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Al2O3/IF-WS2 nanocomposite coating was prepared in a two-step process. The Al2O3 nano-fibers are the matrix of the composite and the nanoparticles of WS2 with fullerene-like structure (IF-WS2) are the dispersed phase material, which can improve the mechanical and tribological properties of the nanocomposite. Detailed structural analysis of the nanocomposites was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. These analyses show that the IF nanoparticles are entrapped in the microporous surface-film of the alumina matrix. The structure and mechanical properties of the nanosized Al2O3/IF-WS2 nanocomposite film was analyzed. This analysis demonstrates that the hardness and composition of the film exhibits graded functional material characteristics, suggesting possible tribological applications.
Identifying the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of offshore wind turbines in China from Sentinel-1 imagery using deep learning

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Offshore wind power is a crucial clean energy source for coastal countries and advances blue economies. Accurate spatial mapping of offshore wind turbines supports energy assessment and the sustainable development of marine resources. Offshore wind power has developed rapidly in China, but the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of offshore wind turbines and farms remain poorly understood. Extracting nearshore small targets from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images remain challenging due to noise from the rough sea surface background and the diverse substrate types in offshore wind turbine (OWT) distributions. Here, to address these issues, we first created a dataset of China’s offshore wind turbines (COWTs) that contained typical substrate types (e.g. seawater and tidal flats). Then, a deep learning model integrating an attention mechanism and receptive fields was used to accurately detect COWTs. The well-trained model was used to detect the changes in COWTs from 2015 to 2022. Our model detected an increase in the number of offshore wind farms in China from 7 to 114 (clusters counted as an offshore wind farm), while COWTs increased from 305 to 6451 from 2015 to 2022. The Taiwan Strait exhibited the highest wind speeds, yet the Jiangsu and Guangdong regions had the most installed turbines. Over 90% of COWTs were located in areas with offshore wind energy resources less than 500 W/m3, indicating a mismatch between COWT installation and wind resource distribution. This study demonstrated temporal and geographical generalizability, which is promising for global wind power detection. Our analysis of spatiotemporal variation in COWTs facilitates informed decision-making for future field establishment and sustainable marine planning.
Cervical spinal meningioma with unusual MR contrast enhancement.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 16-year-old girl had progressive neck pain and weakness in the left hand. MR images showed a dumbbell-shaped spinal tumor with a prominently enhancing intradural component and a minimally enhancing extradural component. Pathologic examination revealed a meningioma with an intradural transitional component and an extradural syncytial component. The tumor showed no significant cystic change or necrosis.
Environmental and geographic data management tools for oil spill modeling applications

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

As oil spill models have evolved, model developers have rapidly taken advantage of the increasing computational power offered by personal computers and workstations and the associated software tools spawned by this evolution in computing platforms. At the same time the capabilities, flexibility, and richness of the geographic and environmental data management tools available within spill model systems has grown substantially. The evolution of these data management tools has been primarily driven by the increasing capabilities of the computational platforms. In the present paper we summarize the evolution of these data management tools and review some of the most recently developed tools that are available in OILMAP and SIMAP. We note how these have contributed to the usefulness and capabilities of oil and chemical fate and impact models. Examples include the capability to use either raster or vector base maps, to share data with full function GISs, to specify current data sets on a variety of grid systems using a hierarchy of models or advanced data collection systems, to simultaneously visualize winds, currents and trajectories, and to display contours of predicted surface oil spill thickness, oil spill mass and probabilities of oil spill trajectory paths.
Harrison, Hon. Mr Justice William Henry, (25 Sept. 1880–18 July 1955), Judge Supreme Court of New Brunswick Appeal and Chancery Divisions since 1935; Past-President New Brunswick Command Canadian Legion BESL; Past-President St George’s Society and Canadian Club; Member of Senate, University of New Brunswick; Trustee, Beaverbrook Scholarships; Director NB Museum

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Harrison, Hon. Mr Justice William Henry, (25 Sept. 1880–18 July 1955), Judge Supreme Court of New Brunswick Appeal and Chancery Divisions since 1935; Past-President New Brunswick Command Canadian Legion BESL; Past-President St George’s Society and Canadian Club; Member of Senate, University of New Brunswick; Trustee, Beaverbrook Scholarships; Director NB Museum" published on by Oxford University Press.
<title>Effects of prevalence on visual search and decision making in fracture detection</title>

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Research concerning disease prevalence has inferred that indices of observer performance become, in part, a function of predetermined prevalence. The cause of this modified performance and decision-making is not fully understood, although the alteration of the criterion level of the observer may be a feature. Novice radiography students were randomly assigned to one of three digitised test banks of 72 wrist images. Test bank A, B and C represented a fracture prevalence of 50%, 83% and 22% respectively. Half of the observers from each group were made aware of the prevalence of their respective test bank. Observers recorded their decisions on an operator rating scale. Results showed significant differences in overall Az between the 50% and 83% prevalence sets (p equals 0.04) and the 50% and 22% prevalence sets (p equals 0.005). Knowledge of the prevalence influenced both sensitivity and specificity values at the 83% prevalence level (p equals 0.03 and 0.02) but not at the lower levels. For test bank A sensitivity was 87%; specificity 53%; Az 0.80, test bank B sensitivity 81%; specificity 48%; Az 0.71 and test bank C sensitivity 85%; specificity 43%; Az 0.68. Analysis of the eye movement patterns of observers under conditions of varying prevalence is in progress.
Pengaruh sales promotion, brand image dan perceived value terhadap keputusan penggunaan melalui word of mouth kartu kredit Bank Mega di Surabaya

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Pada era modern saat ini, beberapa bank mulai mengeluarkan kartu kreditnya. Hal ini dillakukan karena pengguna kartu kredit yang semakin berkembang pesat. pengguna kartu kredit lebih memilih untuk menggunakan kartu kredit yang memiliki banyak keuntungan yang sesuai dengan kebiasaan dari pengguna. Bank Mega menggunakan strategi terkait variabel sales promotion, perceived value dan word of mouth terhadap keputusaan penggunaan kartu kredit serta brand image terhadap keputusan penggunaan kartu kredit melalui word of mouth. \nPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sales promotion,brand image dan perceived value terhadap keputusan \npenggunaan melalui word of mouth kartu kredit Bank Mega di Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kausal. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik pengambilan secara tak acak (nonprobability sampling). Sampel yang digunakan sebesar 120 responden pengguna kartu kredit Bank Mega di Surabaya. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Structural Equation Model dengan menggunakan program LISREL 8.8 Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa sales promotion berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keputusan penggunaan, brand image berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap word of mouth , perceived value berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keputusan penggunaan dan word of mouth tidak berpangaruh secara signifikan terhadap keputusan \npenggunaan.
Robustness Analysis of a Type of Iterative Algorithm for R-L Fractional Nonlinear Control Systems in the Sense of Norm

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The paper is concerned with the robustness analysis of a type of iterative algorithm for R-L fractional nonlinear control systems in the sense of norm. Firstly, according to the Laplace transform and M-L function, the concept of mild solutions of the system is derived. Secondly, we give the sufficient conditions of robustness analysis of the - type ILC algorithm with uncertain disturbances and then study the robust analysis of the second-order - type ILC algorithm. At last, two fractional examples are given to demonstrate the results.
Bridging the gap between teacher training and society. Sustainable development goals (SDGs) in English as a foreign language (EFL)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A case study is presented showing the incorporation of Sustainable Development Goals knowledge and awareness-raising in the context of Education for Sustainable Development in a teacher-training pilot programme. The qualitative mixed-method intervention study, grounded in content analysis and comparative methodology, reveals that incorporating SDGs into teacher training programmes is key since there is a significant direct impact on society. The objective was firstly to create an SDG-based didactic proposal including inquiry-based learning as its pedagogical approach for developing critical thinking. Secondly, to study its effect on participants regarding raising awareness of SDGs and their projection to society as future teachers.