jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Disinfectants for use in hospials.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

JOURNAII agree with Dr. Todd that aspirin may well have been a proper drug to prescribe for the " subjects " that he questioned.He tells us that, as a profession, our fault is not the failure to give treatment, but the giving of too much treatment." Steroids, chloroquine, gold, and phenylbutazone are all dangerous drugs which should be reserved for the severely afflicted but which are too often given to patients with minor diseases who 'demand' that something be done."If treatment means just the prescription of drugs he has a case, but every experienced family doctor and many consultants know that proper advice is advice proper to the individual patient, and that the prescription of drugs forms only a small part of the manage- ment of the patient.When we see an out- patient for the first time, we do not know if this patient is suffering from " a minor disease," or will in five years' time be " severely afflicted " and be suitable for treat-
Serving differently: CEO regulatory focus and firm stakeholder strategy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Research summary A fundamental question in stakeholder strategy research is why firms adopt certain strategies or approaches to engage with key stakeholders. Recent research suggests that CEOs' characteristics can influence their general decisions to engage with stakeholders, however, this work has yet to consider why CEOs might utilize specific stakeholder strategies. In this article, we demonstrate how CEO regulatory focus influences the nature of a firm's stakeholder strategy. Specifically, we argue that CEO prevention focus is positively associated with engagement in governance‐oriented initiatives and receptivity to governance‐oriented stakeholder activism, while CEO promotion focus is positively associated with engagement in socially‐oriented initiatives and receptivity to socially‐oriented stakeholder activism. We find strong support for our hypotheses in a sample of 374 publicly‐traded firms. Managerial summary The strategies a firm uses to engage with stakeholders can influence its performance, yet little is known about what makes firms focus on certain stakeholders over others. To better understand this, we examined CEO regulatory focus in a sample of large public companies. Our findings reveal that the way CEOs view decisions—either based on a sense of duty, obligations, and responsibility or as a means to achieve high ideals—influences their tendency to prioritize shareholder concerns or the concerns of a broader array of stakeholders. This suggests that executives should be aware of their own natural tendencies to inject their motivations into their firm's stakeholder strategy and consider avenues to balance their perspectives for the sake of the firm.
Assessment of bridge-structures under fire impact: A case study approach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This master thesis deals with the behavior of steel girder highway bridges under small vehicle fires. Fire at and below highway bridges are a common problem for bridge structures. Unlike in tunnels or buildings the consideration of fire hazard is no mandatory aspect of bridge design. However, the high amount of fire incidents on highways and the important function that bridges have in the infrastructure resulted in a few case studies to explain the failure process of a bridge. All of these case studies deal with collapses of the bridge structure caused by gasoline tanker fires. The behavior of steel girder bridges under small vehicle fires without a collapse of a bridge is not included in any case study yet. This thesis shall establish understanding of the post-fire behavior of a steel girder under a vehicle fire with several boundary conditions. A special topic in this thesis is the analysis of a micro-crack included in the steel girder. Micro-cracks can be caused by fatigue or by the fabrication of the girder among other things. This is also a first attempt to consider the condition of a highway bridge in the analysis of a steel girder bridge under a fire impact. The fire impacts used in this thesis contains temperatures less than hydrocarbon fires (maximum temperature of 1100 °C), that are used to represent gasoline tanker fires, but higher temperatures than external fires which are not caused by fuel or gas (maximum temperature of (600 °C - 700 °C). The case study provided in this thesis is carried out using the finite element software Abaqus. The structural model of the chosen hypothetical highway bridge is a two span beam. To simplify the numerical model just one steel girder connected to a concrete deck instead of a complete is used. This offers detailed modeling of the structure and the consideration of many possible mechanisms of the structure. The numerical model considers a variation of the fire impact, the fire location, horizontal restrains and the number of spans of the bridge. The results of the case study can be transferred to a complete highway bridge. The acknowledgment can also be transferred to different static models of bridges.
The Influence of Uncertainty on Ratings of Information Importance by Retail Apparel Buyers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The study examined retail apparel buyers' use of information sources when uncertain about specific product characteristics. Sheth's (1973) industrial buyer behavior model was used as the conceptual framework Questionnaires were mailed to 442 retail apparel buyers located in the West South Central region of the United States. A total of 212 usable questionnaires were returned, yielding a 49.5 % response rate. Buyers rated the importance of six information sources (upper management, buying office, another buyer/peer, sales representative, trade publications, competition) when uncertain about five product characteristics (quality, anticipated margin, expected sales, consumer demand, aesthetics). Analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc comparisons were used for data analysis. When uncertain about the product characteristics-anticipated margin, expected sales, and consumer demand-buyers rated upper management as significantly more important than the other sources. Another buyer /peer was significantly more important to buyers when uncertain about quality and aesthetics. Results support Sheth's (1973) proposition that buyers will conduct the information search process differently based on their expectations.
Expression characteristics, immune signature, and prognostic value of the SOCS family identified by multiomics integrative analysis in liver cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies in the world, and the death rate is very high. The members of the SOCS family are the key factors in the regulation of various cytokines and growth factors. It is not clear, however, whether the level of the SOCS family will affect the prognosis in patients with HCC. Methods Firstly, we studied the expression levels of the SOCS family genes in the HCC and the relationship between the expression level of the SOCS family and different clinicopathological characteristics. Then the public database was used to analyze the changes of expression, potential function, transcription factors and immune invasion of SOCS family members. Finally, we analyzed the prognostic value of the patients with SOC family with HCC and the correlation with SOC family and ferroptosis-related genes. Results The expression of SOCS2-7 and CISH was downregulated in HCC. The SOCS4, SOCS5 and SOCS7 genes were all related to the clinicopathological features of HCC patients. SOCS family genes are mainly related to PIK3R3, GHR, TNS4, TNS4 pathway. We found that STAT3, PPAR-gamma 2 and IRF-2 are important transcription factors in regulating SOCS family members. We also confirmed that the expression level of SOCS family members are closely related to the immune infiltration of liver cancer. Then, we clarified that SOCS2 and SOCS4 are risk-related gene in predicting the prognosis of patients with liver cancer. Finally, we found that SOCS2 gene may be involved in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, but the mechanism needs further experimental verification. Conclusion Our study may expand upon the understanding of SOCS gene function in liver cancer and help clinicians select appropriate drugs and predict the prognosis of patients with liver cancer.
Relationship between Sleep Duration and Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2019-2020

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Several recent studies demonstrated that inadequate sleep duration increases the risk of various chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.Therefore, the importance of sleep duration and quality is always emphasized, but as modern society becomes increasingly industrialized, the average sleep time is gradually decreasing.This study evaluated the relationship between sleep duration and insulin resistance.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 7,646 Korean adults (3,402 male, 4,244 female) aged 19-64 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2019-2020.Subjects were categorized into three groups (≤6, 6-8, or ≥8 h/day) based on self-reported sleep duration.We used the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance as an indicator of insulin resistance.The association between sleep duration and insulin resistance was investigated using general linear model and multivariable logistic regression analyses.Results: In male, a short sleep duration (≤6 h) was associated with insulin resistance (odds ratio [OR], 1.287; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.066-1.553)compared to an adequate sleep duration (6-8 h) after adjusting for age, sex, education, income, employment, mariatal status, smoking, drinking and physical activity.In female, a long sleep duration (≥8 h) showed a higher odds ratio for insulin resistance only in the unadjusted model (OR, 1.258; 95% CI, 1.001-1.580).Conclusion: An inadequate sleep duration was significantly associated with insulin resistance.
Relationships Between and Student Perceptions of Self-efficacy, Growth Mindset, and Mathematics Identity of Adolescents in a Rural South Georgia Charter School

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This mixed methods study investigated the relationships between the constructs of self-efficacy, growth mindset, and mathematics identity among middle school students at a South Georgia charter school. Constructivist grounded theory was used to investigate the strength of these constructs along with student perceptions of what factors make one a math person. The study was an explanatory sequential design consisting of an online survey followed by student interviews. Ninety-one students participated in the survey. Multiple linear regression was used to determine whether a correlation existed between the variables as well as among student subgroups. Self-efficacy was found to be a predictor of math identity for all subgroups except for students who were not white and students with below average math achievement. Growth mindset was found to be a predictor of self-efficacy for all subgroups except for students who were females, students who were not white and students with below average math achievement. Growth mindset was found to be a predictor of math identity for males. A MANOVA found no significant relationships between the student-level factors of gender, race, socio-economic status, or math achievement level and the dependent variable of self-efficacy, growth mindset, and math identity. Embedded sampling was used to select 30 students from the survey participants for one-on-one interviews to more deeply investigate student perceptions of these variables. Qualitative analysis found interest, content proficiency, and enjoyment of mathematics to be prominent factors in whether one is perceived as a math person for students of all levels of math identity.
On the visibility of "heavy" atoms in dark-field STEM

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

One of the most useful and apparently straightforward attributes of annular dark-field (ADF) STEM imaging is the ability to image heavy atoms on relatively light substrates using Z-contrast (High-Angle ADF) imaging. From multislice calculations, however, some isolated heavy atoms, e.g. Re, can go undetected in a thin Co matrix in standard aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM imaging of catalyst nanoparticles oriented accurately on a zone-axis [2]. More recently simultaneous Medium-Angle and High-Angle ADF imaging of a few layers of BN has shown experimentally that some adatoms are invisible in MAADF whilst exhibiting very strong contrast in HAADF. Simulations confirm that this can occur for atoms such as sodium. In both situations HOLZ ring imaging can be used to extract additional information.
A small-flowered natural Odontoglossum hybrid (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) from Ecuador

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new small-flowered natural Odontoglossum hybrid from northwestern Ecuador is described and illustrated with a line drawing and a photograph. The novelty is compared with its sympatric parent species, Odontoglossum armatum and O. mirandum. The flower of the new natural hybrid has shorter erect lateral lip-lobes compared to those for O. mirandum, but distinctly longer erect lateral lip-lobes compared to those for O. armatum, which are basically lacking altogether. The taxonomic status of the variable O. mirandum is briefly discussed. Key words: Ecuador, new hybrid, Odontoglossum, Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae
Polymers, Biodegradable

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Biodegradability and Toxicology 2.1. Mechanism of Biodegradation 2.2. Toxicity of Biodegradable Polymers 2.3. Standards for Biodegradable Polymers 2.3.1. Controlled Composting Test 2.3.2 Controlled Test for Aerobic Biodegradation in Soil 2.3.3. Home Composting 2.3.4. Standard Assessment of Biodegradable Polymers 3. Biodegradable Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Suppliers 3.1. Raw Materials 3.2. Starch 3.3. Poly(Lactic Acid) (Polylactide, PLA) 3.4. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) 3.5. Synthetic Structural Polyesters 3.5.1. Aliphatic Polyesters 3.5.2. Aliphatic/Aromatic Polyesters 3.6. Compounds 3.6.1. Compounds of Starch and Biodegradable Polyesters 3.6.2. Compounds of PLA and Biodegradable Polyesters 3.7. Cellulose Derivatives 3.8. Biodegradable Functional Polymers 4. Processing and Additives 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Modification of Biodegradable Polyester Films 5. Market Overview and Growth Drivers 6. Value of Biodegradability—Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) 7. Applications 7.1. Organic Waste Bags (OWB) 7.2. Shopping (Carrier) Bags 7.3. Mulch Film 7.4. Horticulture and Formation of Landscape 7.5. Packaging 7.5.1. Shrink Film 7.5.2. High-Heat Applications 7.5.3. Shock Absorber from Biodegradable Particle Foam 8. Production Capacity 9. Outlook
Cutaneous sarcoidosis and tuberculoid leprosy. A comparative histopathologic and histochemical study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study presents observations of biopsies from 47 patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis and 45 patients with tuberculoid leprosy. Epidermal changes showing parakeratosis, liquefaction degeneration, and glycogen occur more frequently in sarcoidosis. Nerve invasion is seen only in tuberculoid leprosy. Infiltration of arrectores pilorum muscles frequently occurs in tuberculoid leprosy and is rare in sarcoidosis. Fibrinoid degeneration within tubercles is common in sarcoidosis and absent in tuberculoid leprosy. Attachment of tubercles to the epidermis, sharp margination of the tubercles, and naked-appearing tubercles are seen more frequently in sarcoidosis than in tuberculoid leprosy. Elongateshaped tubercles and lymphocytes within, and forming a mantle about, tubercles are prominent and seen more frequently in tuberculoid leprosy. Cutaneous sarcoidosis and tuberculoid leprosy show similar microscopic features, but distinction can be made on the basis of critical histopathologic and histochemical evaluation.
Counseling for Special Needs Children Experiencing Bullying Through Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) Approach

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

When a family having a child with special needs, the happiness that parents experience is mixed with a variety of other emotions such as shock, self-guilt or partner, to worry about their child's future. ABK needs special attention and service. ABK requires special attention, help, service, and learning methods. Likewise, ABK parents need special support to make it easier for them to adapt, accept, and then educate their ABK optimally. One of the forms of support that is needed is counseling. Counseling for ABKs needs to be done among others so that they do not feel alone and have a support group to make them more resilient in the face of various problems and challenges in life. Especially when ABK suffered bullying, where ABK included those who were vulnerable to bullyed because of their different conditions. Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) provides an overview of how counseling for ABK victims of bullying through the REBT approach can help them in addressing the problems associated with the impact of ABK's Bullying.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Regular Consumption of Cooked Ham Enriched with Dietary Phenolics in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Oxidative damage and chronic inflammation have been proven as one of the major factors associated with obesity, which increases the incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases. In this sense, the development of new functional products aiming at the palliation of oxidative stress and inflammatory disruption can be a determining factor for public health as seen in previous researches. In this study, a blend of potentially bioavailable dietary phenolics was added to low sodium and low-fat cooked ham. A diet-induced obesity model in C57/BL6J mice has been used for testing the effectiveness of the phenolic blend and the new functionalized product, which bioavailability was tested by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. After obesity induction, different oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated. Results in the murine induced obesity model, demonstrate a robust statistically significant improvement in key parameters related with obesity risk in the groups feed with a phenolic-enriched diets (P) + high-fat diet (HFD) and phenolic enriched cooked ham (PECH) + HFD. In both groups there was an improvement in body composition parameters, inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes levels. Specifically in the group feed with the phenolic enriched cooked ham (PECH + HFD) there was an improvement of total fat volume (23.08% reduction), spleen index (22.04% of reduction), plasmatic MCP-1 (18% reduction), IL-6 (38.94% reduction), IL-10 (13.28% reduction), TNF-α (21.32% reduction), gut IL-1β (10.86% reduction), gut IL-6 (13.63% reduction) and GPx (60.15% increase) and catalase (91.37% increase) enzymes. Thus, the functionalized ham could be considered an appropriate dietary polyphenol source, which might improve the oxidative and inflammatory status and could finally result in the potential decrease of the risk of certain non-communicable chronic diseases.
'Personal communities', 'peership' and 'practice': Exploring the sexual health of young gay and bisexual men in Scotland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recent research has suggested that gay men’s relationships with and to, gay communities are shifting over time, and that younger men in particular may have a different form of engagement with ‘gay community’ than men of previous generations. This has led some to suggest that the concept of ‘personal communities’ – friends, family members, partners, colleagues etc. important to a given individual - may offer a different way of understanding sources of support and identification among gay men (Holt, 2011). Indeed, while peer-education continues to play a key role in health promotion with gay and bisexual men, some sexual health promotion specialists working in Scotland have sought to extend conceptions of ‘peership’ within their work. This emphasises the importance of education and communication around sexual health with those who are peers not only in terms sexual orientation, but along other dimensions. \nThis interactive session aims to examine the intersections between research findings from recent qualitative research exploring the ‘personal communities’ of young gay and bisexual men (aged 18-29) living in Scotland, and current practice in sexual health promotion and HIV prevention, with reference to potential areas for future development. The session will involve the presentation of key findings from the research, examples from current health promotion practice within Scotland, and interactive activities in which participants will be invited to share their understandings and experiences of gay communities and their own ‘personal communities’, with the aim of exploring how best to address the sexual health needs of young men in Scotland.
Breeding selection imposed a differential selective pressure on the wheat root-associated microbiome

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Plants-microbiome associations are the result of millions of years of co-evolution. Due to breeding-accelerated plant evolution in non-native and highly managed soil, plant-microbe links could have been lost. We hypothesized that post-domestication breeding of wheat changed the root-associated microbiome. To test this, we analyzed root-associated fungal and bacterial communities shortly after emergence of seedlings representing a transect of wheat evolution including modern wheat, landraces and ancestors. Numbers of observed microbial taxa were highest in landraces bred in low-input agricultural systems, and lowest in ancestors that had evolved in native soils. The microbial communities of modern cultivars were different from those of landraces and ancestors. Old wheat accessions enriched Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria, while modern cultivars enriched OTUs from Candidatus Saccharibacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Firmicutes. The fungal pathogens Fusarium, Neoascochyta and Microdochium enriched in modern cultivars. Both bacterial and fungal communities followed a neutral assembly model when bulk soil was considered as the source community, but accessions of the ancient Triticum turgidum and T. monococcum created a more isolated environment in their roots. In conclusion, wheat root-associated microbiomes have dramatically changed through a transect of breeding history.
Preliminary Study of Venus Exploration with Aerocapture System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Preliminary assessment of the Venusian aerocapture system applied to a Venus balloon mission using a small interplanetary vehicle system is made in this study. The vehicle system consists of an entry capsule, a super-pressure balloon which is transported by the capsule to low altitudes in the Venusian atmosphere, and an orbiter used as a relay satellite between the balloon and the earth station. The entire mass is 160 kg at earth departure. To save mass and to reduce complexity of the vehicle system, the capsule performs a hyperbolic entry into the Venusian atmosphere, the balloon is deployed by the water vapor pressure using heat transferred from the ambient atmosphere, and the interplanetary orbiter is inserted into a Venusian orbit by aerocapture. In order to accomplish successful orbit insertion, drag alternation by removal of the foldout decelerons during aerocapture is tested. It has been shown that the drag alternation system can be one of the possible candidates for aerocapture of a small vehicle system.