jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Preserved extrinsic neural connection between gallbladder and residual stomach is essential to prevent dysmotility of gallbladder after distal gastrectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Many reports have been made on gallbladder dysfunction after gastric surgery. We reported that the gallbladder contractions were abolished after antrectomy. Our hypothesis is that preservation of the neural connection along gastric vessels maintains normal gallbladder function during fasting after antrectomy. Six dogs underwent antrectomy with preservation of the extrinsic nerves and six other dogs underwent conventional antrectomy with dissection of the extrinsic nerves and vessels. Laparotomy alone was performed on another six control dogs. Motor activities of the gallbladder and upper gastrointestinal tract were recorded by strain gauges in conscious dogs. Motilin and CCK‐OP were used for pharmacological interventions. In conventional antrectomy, the amplitudes of the cyclic motor activity of the gallbladder and the stomach during fasting were significantly reduced, while this activity was maintained in dogs when extrinsic nerves were preserved. The coordination of the motor activity among the gallbladder, stomach and the duodenum was not impaired in the dogs when extrinsic nerves were preserved. The contractions of the gallbladder induced by exogenous motilin were reduced significantly in conventional antrectomy. Therefore, the preserved neural connection along the gastric vessels maintains normal gallbladder function in the fasting state even after distal gastrectomy.
The God Amor, the Cruel Lady, and the Suppliant Lover: C.S. Lewis and Courtly Love in Chapter One of The Allegory of Love

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lewis’s “effort of the historical imagination” in The Allegory of Love: A Study in Medieval Tradition—commensurate with his innate romanticism—bolstered by like-minded writers as his sources, resulted in his reconstructing of Courtly Love and its characters as a fantasy. While this approach limited his understanding of Courtly Love, its origins and its relationship to marriage and adultery, it allowed him to create a mythology of a Religion of Love: a “quasi-religion” of “service love” between a chevalier/poet and his sovereign lady, under the auspices of the god Amor. This view would elevate the medieval Anglo-French allegorical poem, which he will discuss in the following chapters of his book, as the foundation of the best of poetry that led to Chaucer and Edmund Spenser, his favorite poet.
Molecules as actuators: toward the engines of molecular machines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Herein we report the design, synthesis, and properties of novel electromechanical actuators based on organic polymers that are capable of redox-induced dimensional change at the molecular level. Specifically, this report will focus on regioisomers of poly(cyclooctatetrathiophene), and evidence of corresponding single molecule actuation. Cyclooctatetrathiophene has been calculated to undergo atom-to-atom dimensional changes of up to 10% upon redox switching. In theory, this distance change occurring within the repeat unit of the polymer can be translated into dimensional changes in both the single polymer chain and bulk material. As such, electromechanical actuation in this system is an intrinsic property of the individual chains, not a bulk property of the material. However, this translation varies as a function of both environment and regioisomer. Our ultimate goal of demonstrating single-molecule electromechanical actuation will be discussed herein.
Modeling Alzheimer's disease using cerebral organoids: Current challenges and prospects

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

“Brain organoids”, “cerebral organoids” or “mini-brains” are the terms that have been frequently used to describe self-organizing 3D structures which could be derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The fact that certain cell types could be reprogrammed to study some aspects of brain development and certain disease conditions has advanced our understanding of brain development in health and disease. Human brain development is somewhat intriguing, however, complex, sharing close similarities with both primate and rodent brain development, despite species heterogeneity. The in-vivo and in-vitro models have been used over time to study the development of the brain in health and disease states. The in-vitro system being a monolayer system is unable to recapitulate some essential aspects of human brain development and even certain disease conditions like microcephaly, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) to mention a few, because of the complex pathophysiology of these diseases. Based on this premise, recent studies are now beginning to examine the role of patient-derived human tissues reprogrammed into stem cells with the ability to organize into 3D cerebral organoids in studying and understanding the complex nature of neurodegenerative diseases which have been difficult to model in-vitro and in-vivo. Here, we highlight evidence of patient-derived brain organoids in modeling Alzheimer’s disease, providing evidence on the current challenges and prospects in growing cerebral organoids and some approaches that have been developed to overcome these challenges.
“The total movement of this disorder is its order”: Investment and utilization dynamics in long‐run disequilibrium

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Recently economists have developed Kaleckian‐Harrodian models, in which non‐capacity‐creating autonomous demand acts as a stabilizing force that drives long‐run growth. But critics have questioned the plausibility of the stability conditions for these models. Motivated by this controversy, in this paper I formulate an alternative framework, in which stable equilibria need not exist, and solution trajectories can perpetually fluctuate in violent and aperiodic ways, but the long‐run dynamics can be understood in terms of time averages. On this basis I argue that key findings in the Kaleckian‐Harrodian literature can be sustained even if the stability conditions are rejected.
Kinetic and Spectroscopic Properties of Carbene−Diazirine Ylides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The formation of a metastable carbene−diazirine ylide (CDY), characterized by an UV absorption spectrum in the range of 270−290 nm and yielding azine by rearrangement, is shown to be a general process in the photolysis of diazirines. However, the yield of formation and the lifetime of CDY greatly depend on the system considered. The decreasing value of the rate constant of the reaction, carbene + diazirine → CDY, from ∼109 M-1 s-1 for singlet dialkylcarbenes, Ad: (adamantylidene) and BCN: (bicyclo[3.3.1]non-9-ylidene), to ∼108 M-1 s-1 for benzylchlorocarbene and to ∼106 M-1 s-1 for cyclopropyl and phenylchlorocarbenes, reflects the decreasing reactivity of these carbenes. The lifetime of these ylides is determined by the value of the activation energy barrier for their rearrangement to azine, Ea ≈ 15.5 kcal/mol for dialkylcarbenes, ≈11.5 kcal/mol for alkylchlorocarbenes, and <10 kcal/mol for phenylchlorocarbene. This decrease of Ea is related to the strong stabilization of the azine when proceeding from CR2N−NCR2 to Ph−CClN−NCCl−Ph. Another mechanism for the formation of azine, by a second-order reaction of the diazo isomer of the diazirine, is clearly identified in the case of photolysis of the BCN(N2) diazirine.
Statistical Verification and Optimization of Integrated Circuits

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Semiconductor technology has gone through several decades of aggressive scaling. The ever shrinking size of both transistors and interconnects is necessitating the interaction between the circuit designers and the foundries that fabricate the IC products. In particular, the designers must take into account the impact of the process variability early in the design stage. This includes both the verification and optimization of the circuit with statistical models characterizing the process variability. This thesis advances three frontiers in the variability-aware design flow. Yield estimation is a crucial but expensive verification step in circuit design. Existing methods either suffer from computationally intensive rare event probability calculation, or exhibit poor stability. We investigate the problem by combining partial least squares (PLS) regression, a dimension-reduction technique, with importance sampling, a variance-reduction technique. The simulation results show that the method is able to improve the convergence speed by at least an order of magnitude over existing fast simulation methods, and four orders of magnitude faster than Monte Carlo. In addition to PLS-preconditioned importance sampling, several other methods are also investigated, and their properties are compared.For a quicker verification of the robustness of the circuit, circuit designers often simulate the circuit using corner models. Current corner models are extracted using single transistor performances and cannot incorporate local variability. These facts limit the usage of corner models in deep sub-micron devices and analog applications. We propose to extract the customized corners using PLS regression. The method is tested using ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits. Both the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the circuit performance predicted by the customized corners agree with Monte Carlo simulation, while delivering two orders of magnitude computational acceleration. The last frontier concerns robust circuit optimization. Most of the existing methods can only deal with a pessimistic worst-case problem. We choose to solve the ideal yield-constrained circuit optimization problem. To this end, we introduce the idea of robust convex approximation to design automation for the first time. Based on the convex approximation, we propose a sequential method to accommodate a realistic, hierarchical variability model. A simple line-search as an outer-loop algorithm is used to control the output the method. The optimization result shows that the proposed method is capable of handling circuits of thousands of gates without performance penalties due to overdesign.
Nomenklatorische Änderungen und taxonomische Ergänzungen zum dreiteiligen Bestimmungswerk (1969-1971) und Nachtrag (1974): Die Bienen des Genus Halictus LATR. s.l. im Großraum von Linz (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The species identification keys of the genera Halictus and Lasioglossum of the Central European (EBMER 1969-1971, 1974) after over 50 years are still used by the next generation entomologists, especially in difficult taxonomical cases. For the first time, identification tables for Halictidae were richly illustrated with drawings for Central Europe. In the 1974 supplement, photos of structural details of bees were published for the first time in Europe. Because there have been some corrections and changes since then, especially conserning the nomenclature, but also additions or deletions of species for the Central European area in the classic cultural-geographical sense, this publication intends to bring the three-part identification keys and the addendum up to date.
The Wisdom of Clarity and Coherence in Analytic Theology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Wisdom of Clarity and Coherence in Analytic Theology Get access Ray Paul Bitar Ray Paul Bitar * *Ray Paul Bitar, Religion Department, Claremont Graduate University, 831 North Dartmouth Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711, USA. Email: bobbyrayoctane@saintly.com. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume 81, Issue 3, September 2013, Pages 578–585, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lft038 Published: 01 September 2013
Supplementary Movie 1 from Transplanting Normal Vascular Proangiogenic Cells to Tumor-Bearing Mice Triggers Vascular Remodeling and Reduces Hypoxia in Tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Movie 1 from Transplanting Normal Vascular Proangiogenic Cells to Tumor-Bearing Mice Triggers Vascular Remodeling and Reduces Hypoxia in Tumors
P45 Bow Hunter’s syndrome due to kimmerle anomaly: a rare cause of transient vertebrobasilar insufficiency diagnosed with provocative DSA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Rotational occlusion of the vertebral artery known as Bow hunter's syndrome(BHS) is a rare cause of transient vertebrobasilar insufficiency symptoms. The underlying pathology is dynamic stenosis or compression of the VA by abnormal bony structures with neck rotation or extension in many cases, such as osteophyte, disc herniation, cervical spondylosis, tendinous bands or tumours. Complete or incomplete ossification of the posterior atlantooccipital membrane forming a bony ridge between the superoposterior lateral mass of the atlas and its posterior arch is called the Kimmerle anomaly. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of BHS caused by the Kimmerle anomaly proved with provocative DSA and CT scan for a patient with long-standing transient vertebrobasilar insufficiency on vestibular sedatives.

Objective

To report a rare case of a fifty-one-year-old driver who presented with transient giddiness only on reversing his car with rightward head rotation diagnosed with provocative digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Materials and methods

Clinical history and unique advanced imaging findings are reported.

Results

Provocative DSA revealed dynamic stenosis of the left vertebral artery at C1 vertebral level. CT angiogram revealed ponticulus posticus or Kimmerle anomaly occurring due to calcification of the posterior atlanto-occipital (PAO) membrane and treatments with surgical correction were advised. A high index of clinical suspicion helps in prompt diagnosis of BHS in patients with transient vertebrobasilar insufficiency.

Conclusion

This case highlights the importance of provocative DSA in making the definitive diagnosis of BHS and also reports its causal association with calcified PAO membrane or Kimmerle anomaly.

References

Jost GF, Dailey AT. Bow Hunter's Syndrome Revisited. 2 New Cases and a Literature Review of 124 Cases. Neurosurg Focus 2015;38(4):E7. Matsuyama T, Morimoto T, Sakaki T. Bow Hunter's Stroke Caused by a Nondominant Vertebral Artery Occlusion. Case Report.Neurosurgery. 1997;41(6):1393–95. Sorensen BF. Bow Hunter's Stroke. Neurosurgery 1978;2:259–61. Duan G, Xu J, Shi J, Cao Y. Advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of bow hunter's syndrome. A comprehensive review of the literature. Intervent Neurol 2016;5:29–38.

Do you have any conflict of interest to declare?: No
The effect of Chinese herbal medicine Jian Ling Decoction for the treatment of essential hypertension: a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Jian Ling Decoction (JLD) is often prescribed to improve hypertension-related symptoms in China. However, this treatment has not been systematically reviewed for its efficacy against essential hypertension (EH). This review aims to assess the current clinical evidence of JLD in the treatment of EH. Design Seven electronic databases, including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) and the Wanfang Database, were searched up to March 2014. Randomised control trials (RCTs) comparing JLD or combined with antihypertensive drugs versus antihypertensive drugs were included. We assessed the methodological quality, extracted the valid data and conducted the meta-analysis according to criteria from the Cochrane group. The primary outcome was categorical or continuous blood pressure (BP), and the secondary outcome was quality of life (QOL). Results Ten trials (655 patients) with unclear-to-high risk of bias were identified. Meta-analysis showed that JLD used alone showed no BP reduction effect; however, improvement on QOL was found in the JLD group compared to antihypertensive drugs. A significant reduction in systolic and diastolic BP was observed for JLD plus antihypertensive drugs when compared with antihypertensive drugs alone. No serious adverse effects were reported. Conclusions Owing to insufficient clinical data, it is difficult to draw a definite conclusion regarding the effectiveness and safety of JLD for EH, and better trials are needed.
Canine oral cavity T-cell lymphoma – histopathological and immunohistochemical study

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study presents a case of an unusually located canine T-cell lymphoma. A 5-year-old female dachshund was presented with a tumour located in the buccal mucosa. The tumour was excised, fixed, processed routinely for histopathology and stained. Microscopically, a dense infiltration of round cells with scant cytoplasm, large nuclei and numerous mitotic figures was detected within the mucosa. The tumour was diagnosed as a roundcell tumour. Subsequently, additional tumours developed in the mandibular and hock joint areas. The primary tumour was stained immunohistochemically using an antibody panel (CD3, MHCII, mast cell tryptase, CD18, CD79a). The tumour cells showed variable cytoplasmic expression of CD3, moderate-to-strong cytoplasmic or membranous expression of MHCII, and they were mast cell tryptase, CD18 and CD79a negative. The final diagnosis was T-cell lymphoma. The dog passed away within the next two months. This study revealed, that immunohistochemistry is necessary to diagnose canine oral cavity round cell tumours....
Effect of a new silver dressing on chronic venous leg ulcers with signs of critical colonisation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the clinical performance and safety of a new silver-containing wound-contact layer, Physiotulle - Ag (Coloplast), in the treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers with delayed healing and signs of critical colonisation. Method: This was an open prospective non-comparative multicentre clinical study. Patients were treated for four weeks with Physiotulle - Ag, which was covered by Alione Hydrocapillary Dressing (Coloplast). Results: Thirty patients were recruited into the study. One ulcer healed after three weeks of treatment. The mean relative ulcer area reduced by 55% after four weeks. Over the study period the mean amount of healthy granulation tissue increased from 26% to 62%, and the mean amount of fibrin decreased from 63% to 32%. The ratio of malodorous wounds was 50% at inclusion, 20% after one week and 3% after four weeks. The dressing was considered easy or very easy to apply in 100% and easy to remove in 89% of dressing evaluations. The dressing combination showed good exudate-management properties. Incidence and severity of maceration, erythema and eczema decreased during the study and no device-related adverse events were recorded. Conclusion: Physiotulle - Ag is safe and easy to use in chronic venous leg ulcers in which healing is delayed and with signs of critical colonisation. Declaration of interest: The study was supported by Coloplast.
Distancing From a Stigmatized Identity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Discrimination is perceived as stemming from outgroups. The UN Sustainable Development Goal 10 focused on reducing inequalities calls attention also to intragroup hostilities. In the US, intragroup hostilities between Latinos/as might occur if disassociation from a stigmatized sub-group protects one's status. This chapter tests potential disassociation effects by examining whether US Latinos/as distance themselves from a stigmatized identity by supporting adverse policies regarding Latino/a immigrants. Two studies (n=273 and n=8634) found that citizenship status was linked to support for adverse policies: more US-born Latinos/as considered immigrants a burden than Latinos/as of unknown status or non-citizens. Some Latino/a citizens might cut off reflected failure associated with being an immigrant because distancing might support coping with cultural demands of US residence and distancing from recent immigrants might prevent transference of negative stereotypes. As inequalities increase overall in the post-COVID-19 era, intragroup bias may worsen outcomes for stigmatized sub-groups.
Human Endogenous Formaldehyde as an Anticancer Metabolite: Its Oxidation Downregulation May Be a Means of Improving Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Malignant cells are characterized by an increased content of endogenous formaldehyde formed as a by‐product of biosynthetic processes. Accumulation of formaldehyde in cancer cells is combined with activation of the processes of cellular formaldehyde clearance. These mechanisms include increased ALDH and suppressed ADH5/FDH activity, which oncologists consider poor and favorable prognostic markers, respectively. Here, the sources and regulation of formaldehyde metabolism in cancer cells are reviewed. The authors also analyze the participation of oncoproteins such as fibulins, FGFR1, HER2/neu, FBI‐1, and MUC1‐C in the control of genes related to formaldehyde metabolism, suggesting the existence of two mutually exclusive processes in cancer cells: 1) production and 2) oxidation and elimination of formaldehyde from the cell. The authors hypothesize that the study of the anticancer properties of disulfiram and alpha lipoic acid – which affect the balance of formaldehyde in the body – may serve as the basis of future anticancer therapy.
DISPATCHES Border Disease Virus among

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

pyrenaica pyrenaica) died in northeastern Spain during 2005–2007. Border disease virus infection was identifi ed by reverse transcription–PCR and sequencing analysis. These results implicate this virus as the primary cause of death, similar to fi ndings in the previous epizootic in 2001. Chamois (genus Rupicapra) are goat-like bovids native to the mountain areas of Europe and the Near East; they have also been introduced into New Zealand. In 2001 and 2002 a new pestivirus (family Flaviviridae) was associated with an outbreak of a previously unreported disease in Pyrenean chamois (R. pyrenaica pyrenaica) at the Alt Pallars-Aran National Hunting Reserve in the Pyrenees in northeastern Spain (Figure 1) (1). Molecular characterization assigned this virus to the border disease virus (BDV) cluster, 1 of the 4 main species of the genus Pestivirus (2,3). Later studies showed that the disease has become endemic in the area and could have a serious effect on chamois population dynamics (4,5). The Study In December 2004, an adult male chamois was found alive with respiratory disease at the Cerdanya-Alt Urgell National Hunting Reserve, ≈30 km southeast of a previously affected area (Figure 1). At the beginning of 2005, sudden deaths of chamois were observed in the same area. Dozens of carcasses were found in February and March. Three animals captured alive showed severe clinical signs of respiratory disease. Later, 2 isolated sick chamois found in May and October had mainly clinical signs of cachexia and alopecia, similar to those previously observed in 2001 and 2002 (1). A census conducted in July 2005 corroborated the collapse of the chamois population, which decreased from 563 chamois in 2004 (preoutbreak) to only 81 chamois. Thus, the estimated cumulative rate of decrease in this area would
Variations in the anatomy of the branches of an aortic arch - two cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Zmiennośc anatomiczna pni odchodzących od luku aorty jest znaczna. W codziennej praktyce w wiekszości
przypadkow anatomiczne odmiany naczyn odchodzących od luku aorty pozostają niewykryte. Ponadto najcześciej
nie powodują one objawow klinicznych i dopiero patologie dotyczące pnia ramienno-glowowego
i/lub jego odgalezienia oraz tetnicy szyjnej wspolnej lewej i podobojczykowej pozwalają na ich rozpoznanie.
W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono dwa przypadki chorych, u ktorych rozpoznano odejście lewej tetnicy szyjnej
wspolnej od pnia ramienno-glowowego.