jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
History of the professionalization of acupuncture in Mexico

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract: A review of the historical aspects of the development of acupuncture in Mexico is presented, which allows identifying that there have been several participants who have contributed in one way or another to the advancement of an international commitment acquired by the Mexican government as a member of the WHO. Thirty years after the diplomatic agreements between the People’s Republic of China and the Mexican government and more than one hundred years after the officialization of homeopathy, reforms have been generated to regulate the professional practice of the aforementioned disciplines, as well as the creation of schools with official educational offer that train professionals with the intention that one day the Mexican health model will incorporate acupuncture into the current hegemonic model, generating a Comprehensive Health Care Model that responds to the needs of Public Health, and that helps to improve the quality of life of the population, as well as a better administration and optimization of the resources designated in various treatments. Few units in the public health sector offer acupuncture services, due to the lack of integration of Complementary Medicines in the current health system, however it is a crucial role for educational institutions to promote joint research projects through lines of research in patients with pathologies of difficult control or torpid evolution identified as health problems, establish comprehensive therapeutic models through care protocols, periodically evaluate the results of the evolution of patients treated with acupuncture, document and publish them, disseminate them to medical personnel and to the general public the effects and benefits of acupuncture. This duty also falls on the institutions to generate career opportunities and that the students at the time of leaving have the option of being entrepreneurs of their own company thus generating self-employment, but that this development of entrepreneurship is based on the regulations and guidelines that favor the professional practice of the acupuncturist in Mexico.
Martial arts masters identify the essential components of training

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Martial Arts (MA) have been touted as a beneficial psycho-social exercise and have been used in a number of training programmes and interventions. However, proving MA effectiveness through empirical research is hindered by difficulties defining exactly what students experience during MA training. As such, there is a need to define the essential components of the student experience, and to measure and quantify the learning associated with MA training.Purpose: This study aimed to explore what students are likely to experience during MA training. In particular, we give an insight into the thoughts and expectations of some of the MA most experienced practitioner-teachers. In identifying these facets of the student experience, future research may then be able to determine which facets are most effective in improving student self-regulation and wellbeing.Design: Four martial arts instructors from a broad range of disciplines, and (each) with over 30 years of teaching experience, were interviewed to gain insights into the typical student experience of martial arts training.Conclusions: Thematic analysis revealed ten components/ facets of the student experience of training. These components belonged to the three broader areas of physical experience, social expectations, and mindful training. These components if validated by future research may be used to form a quantitative survey measure of the MA student experience, and may ultimately allow researchers and practitioners to identify the more functional facets of MA training in relation to improving the student experience and students' self-regulation skills.
Challenges in assessing college students' conception of duality: the case of infinity

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Interpreting students' views of infinity posits a challenge for researchers due to the dynamic nature of the conception. There is diversity and variation among students' process-object perceptions. The fluctuations between studentsâ?? views however reveal an undeveloped duality conception. This study examined college students' conception of duality in understanding and representing infinity with the intent to design strategies that could guide researchers in categorizing students' views of infinity into different levels.\nData for the study were collected from N=238 college students enrolled in Calculus sequence courses (Pre-Calculus, Calculus I through Calculus III) at one of the southwestern universities in the U.S. using self-report questionnaires and semi-structured individual task-based interviews. Data was triangulated using multiple measures analyzed by three independent experts using self-designed coding sheets to assess studentsâ?? externalization of the duality conception of infinity.\nResults of this study reveal that college students' experiences in traditional Calculus sequence courses are not supportive of the development of duality conception. On the contrary, it strengthens the singularity perspective on fundamental ideas of mathematics such as infinity. The study also found that coding and assessing college students' conception of duality is a challenging and complex process due to the dynamic nature of the conception that is task-dependent and context-dependent.\nPractical significance of the study is that it helps to recognize misconceptions and starts addressing them so students will have a more comprehensive view of fundamental mathematical ideas as they progress through the Calculus coursework sequence. The developed duality concept development framework called Action-Process-Object-Duality (APOD) adapted from the APOS theory could guide educators and researchers as they engage in assessing students' conception of duality. The results of this study could serve as a facilitating instrument to further analyze cognitive obstacles in college students' understanding of the infinity concept.
Standard Semen Analysis: Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) is an automated and objective method to evaluate several sperm parameters, either in conjunction with or instead of routine manual semen analysis. CASA systems have undergone a complete metamorphosis since the initial systems were developed to track sperm motion four decades ago [see 1, 2 for detailed history]. Various innovations in bioengineering, software algorithms and computational power have led to more than 14 CASA systems (Figure 2.1) currently available across the globe for commercial use in evaluating both human and animal spermatozoa [3, 4, 5]. Although CASA was initially introduced as a research tool and not commonly used for semen analysis in the clinical setting [1], more and more fertility clinics are investing in and switching to automated systems.
Relationships between children’s sugar consumption at home and their food choices and consumption at school lunch

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: To investigate the relationships between children’s food and drink choices at school lunch for children who consume high and low sugar intakes at home. Design: Children’s food and drink consumption at home was assessed using diet diaries over three consecutive days. Children were classified as ‘high’ or ‘low’ sugar consumers at home using the WHO recommendation that free sugars should be less than 10 % of their daily total energy intake. A purposive sample of children was then selected and observed during school lunch, recording food selections, food left on plates and content of packed lunches. Setting: Six primary schools in Newham and Kent, England. Participants: Parents and children aged 6–7 years. Results: Seventy-one parents completed diet diaries. From the seventy-one, thirty-nine children were observed during school lunch. Twenty children were high sugar consumers, nineteen children were low sugar consumers; thirty-one children had a school meal. Eleven of the fifteen children (73 %) who had school meals and who were high sugar consumers selected a high-sugar dessert rather than fruit. Only five of the sixteen (31 %) children who had school meals and were low sugar consumers at home chose a high-sugar dessert. Most of the children who had packed lunches had sweet items, despite school policies. Conclusions: Children who consumed high sugar intake at home tended to select foods high in sugar for school meals or had packed lunches containing high-sugar foods. The implications for public health programmes include healthy eating workshops and implementing school food policies.
The Case for Measuring Legal Actor Contributions in Court Proceedings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The importance of legal actor contributions has been highlighted in recent international guidelines proposed for the evaluation of court programs and is evident when reviewing the literature on good research design. However, attempts to measure legal actor contributions from an objective and therapeutic perspective as part of the ongoing therapeutic jurisprudence movement are scarce in the literature. To date, no court evaluation programs have included an objective measurement of legal actor contributions as a feature of their research design. However, several programs have attempted to measure this variable via self-report or the perceptions of other legal actors. This article highlights the necessity and usefulness for both the mainstreaming therapeutic jurisprudence movement and problem-solving courts to find a way to measure legal actor contributions effectively and objectively when evaluating court processes, impacts and outcomes. The proposed measurement tool could also function as a respectful mechanism to give feedback for magistrates wishing to embed therapeutic jurisprudence practices into their work in mainstream courts and could potentially be used in judicial training.
On the (Mis)Specification of Seasonality and its Consequences: An Empirical Investigation with US Data

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

It is well known that mis-specification of a trend leads to spurious cycles in detrended data (see, e.g., Nelson and Kang (1981)). Seasonal-adjustment procedures make assumptions, either implicitly or explicitly, about roots on the unit circle both at the zero and seasonal frequencies. Consequently, seasonal-adjustment procedures may produce spurious seasonal variation and other statistically undesirable effects. In this paper we document for a large class of widely used US quarterly macroeconomic series the effects of competing seasonal-adjustment procedures on the univariate time-series properties of the adjusted series. We also investigate which procedures are most appropriate given the properties of the data. Overall, we find very significant differences and evidence that several U.S. macroeconomic time series contain a mixture of deterministic and stochastic seasonal components.
Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Aniseeds (Pimpinella anisum L.): In vitro and in vivo Studies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Materials and Methods Preparation of aniseed extractAniseeds (Pimpinella anisum L.) purchased in one lot from the local market were shade dried, powdered and extracted with 80% methanol(Me), thrice (1:1, w/v) at room temperature [8].The combined extract was concentrated in a vacuum evaporator and the residue was dissolved in water and fractionated successively using the solvents with increasing polarity viz.hexane (He), benzene (Be), ethyl acetate (Ea), n-butanol (Nb) and water (Aq) and each fraction was evaporated to dryness.
THE EFFECT OF IVERMECTIN ON THE INVERTEBRATE FAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH COW DUNG

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

On each of four dates between May and September 1988, ivermectin was mixed into 60 × 1 kg pats of cattle dung, such that each contained 2, 1, 0.5, or 0 mg ivermectin per kilogram. The pats were then placed on pasture in a stratified, random, block plot and exposed for 15, 30, 45, 60, or 90 d. Twelve pats and a soil sample from below each were lifted at the end of these exposure periods and invertebrates extracted from both dung and soil. This study concentrated on the differences between experimental pats with regard to the numbers and types of Diptera and Coleoptera present. A total of 65 taxa were identified, and the data sets obtained for the dung and the soil were analyzed separately, using two multivariate techniques—TWINSPAN and DECORANA. The major factors determining the fauna of the dung pats and of the soil below them were found to be length of exposure on pasture, exposure date, and ivermectin presence/absence. The presence of ivermectin in the dung markedly changed the fauna in and below treated pats, particularly affecting cyclorrhaphan fly larvae. It is suggested that the incorporated multivariate methods have great potential for use in environmental contamination studies, as they analyze complex data sets objectively and allow the identification of faunal characteristics of treated and untreated sites.
Autonomous Artificial Intelligence Agents for Clinical Decision Making in Oncology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) systems have the potential to enhance clinical decision-making by interpreting various types of medical data. However, the effectiveness of these models across all medical fields is uncertain. Each discipline presents unique challenges that need to be addressed for optimal performance. This complexity is further increased when attempting to integrate different fields into a single model. Here, we introduce an alternative approach to multimodal medical AI that utilizes the generalist capabilities of a large language model (LLM) as a central reasoning engine. This engine autonomously coordinates and deploys a set of specialized medical AI tools. These tools include text, radiology and histopathology image interpretation, genomic data processing, web searches, and document retrieval from medical guidelines. We validate our system across a series of clinical oncology scenarios that closely resemble typical patient care workflows. We show that the system has a high capability in employing appropriate tools (97%), drawing correct conclusions (93.6%), and providing complete (94%), and helpful (89.2%) recommendations for individual patient cases while consistently referencing relevant literature (82.5%) upon instruction. This work provides evidence that LLMs can effectively plan and execute domain-specific models to retrieve or synthesize new information when used as autonomous agents. This enables them to function as specialist, patient-tailored clinical assistants. It also simplifies regulatory compliance by allowing each component tool to be individually validated and approved. We believe, that our work can serve as a proof-of-concept for more advanced LLM-agents in the medical domain.
Editorial: New manpower for family planning services.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In some isolated family planning services innovative uses of new professional manpower are being demonstrated. With specialized training, the paramedical personnel are performing full gynecological screening examinations under the supervision of physicians, serving as clinic administrators, and providing counseling and educative services. Currently not enough funds are being allocated to manpower development. In 1973 only 3% of federal funds for family planning services were earmarked for this endeavor. There also is an unwillingness of a large percentage of medical and health professionals to accept the potential roles of the new professionals as well as to come to grips with the concept of "consumer participation". This consumer involvement is necessary in developing a system that is responsive to the patient's needs. Training periods vary for the new professionals from a few weeks to 3 years to prepare Physicians' Assistants. In a 20 week course individuals have been trained to recognize and differentiate normal and abnormal breast and pelvic findings and to provide family planning and cancer screening services including full pelvic exams and insertion of the IUD. Over 100 new professionals who function as in-hospital family planning counselors and community education technicians in a New York City program were trained through the laboratory method approach. The key to the performance of the new professionals in the clinic is proper supervision and good communication between them and the traditionally trained professionals. Some of the dead-end restrictions which characterize so many of the new positions can be removed if efforts are made within each program to provide in-service training or released time for employees to attend seminars, workshops, of courses at suitable institutions to foster growth and mobility.
A gynandromorph of Hyponephele narica

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. A gynandromorph of Hyponephele narica (Hübner, [1813]) from Kazakhstan is described. The right forewing has a broad band of androconial scales characteristic for the male and the left forewing possesses a large apical spot which is characteristic for the female. Samenvatting. Een gynandromorf van Hyponephele narica (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) Een gynandromorf van Hyponephele narica (Hübner, [1813]) uit Kazakhstan wordt beschreven. De rechter voorvleugel toont de karakteristieke zwarte androconiënvlek van het mannetje en de linker voorvleugel bezit een grote apicale vlek welke typisch is voor het wijfje. Résumé. Un gynandromorphe de Hyponephele narica (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) Un exemplaire gynandromorphe de Hyponephele narica (Hübner, [1813]) du Kazakhstan est décrit. L&apos;aile antérieure droite possède une tache noire d&apos;androconies typique pour le mâle et l&apos;aile antérieure gauche possède une grande tache apicale qui est caractéristique pour la femelle.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 92 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Camellia obtusifolia Hung T.Chang" ] } The dataset includes 92 records from 11 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0023875-241107131044228/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
DETERMINATION OF SERUM LEVELS OF THE INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR FAMILY MEMBER ST2 IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To analyze serum soluble ST2(sST2) levels in patients with heart failure(HF) and to assess its clinical implications.Methods A total of 179 patients with and without symptoms of heart failure were included in this retrospective study.According to the classification criteria of New York Heart Association(NYHA),among the 84 HF patients(HF group),46 patients were classified into ClassⅡ,19 in ClassⅢ,19 in ClassⅣ.Ninety - five contemporaneous in - patients without heart failure were assigned as control group.The serum concentrations of sST2 were measured by the enzyme - linked immunoabsorbent assay.Associations between sST2 and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) had been analyzed;additionally,the serum concentration changes of sST2 according to NYHA cardiac class had also been viewed and compared.Results Statistically significant differences were found in median values of serum sST2 concentrations between HF group and control group(p0.001).The sST2 values in patients with heart failure markedly increased and positively correlated with NYHA class(r = 0.227,p0.01) and negatively correlated with LVEF(r = - 0.22,p0.01 ).The serum concentration of sST2 were higher along with NYHA classification of cardiac function(p0.05).The diagnosis sensitivity and specificity of sST2 for heart failure were 77.8%,55.3%,respectively.When applying receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) analysis,areas under the curve(AUCs) for sST2 were 0.758(95%CI 0.669 - 0.846.Conclusion The results of the present study show that sST2 is a novel biomarker for cardiac stress in patients with heart failure and can be used to diagnose heart failure and evaluate cardiac function.The measurement of sST2 levels might be clinical significant.
The Development of Low-Level Measurement Capabilities for Total and Isotopic Uranium in Environmental Samples at Brazilian and Argentine Laboratories by ABACC

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In June 1998, the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC), with assistance from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), began a program to assess environmental sampling and analysis capabilities at laboratories in Argentina and Brazil. The program began with staff training conducted in South America and the United States by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Both laboratories are participating members of DOE’s Network of Analytical Laboratories (NWAL) that support IAEA’s environmental sampling program. During the initial planning meeting, representatives from ABACC and all the participating analytical laboratories supporting ABACC were briefed on how the first exercise would be managed and on key aspects necessary to analyze low-level environmental samples for uranium. Subsequent to this training, a laboratory evaluation exercise (Exercise 1) was conducted using standard swipe samples prepared for this exercise by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The results of Exercise 1 determined that sample contamination was a major factor in the analysis, and a thorough review of laboratory procedures was required to reduce the level of contamination to acceptable levels. Following modification of sample preparation procedures, the laboratories performed Exercise 2, an analysis of a National Institute ofmore » Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1547, Peach Leaves. The results of Exercise 2 demonstrated that several laboratories were capable of accurately determining the total uranium and uranium isotopic distribution in the peach leaves. To build on these successes, Exercise 3 was performed using a series of standard swipe samples prepared by the IAEA and distributed to laboratories supporting ABACC and to PNNL and ORNL. The results of Exercise 3 demonstrate that ABACC now has support laboratories in both Argentina and Brazil, which are capable of accurately measuring both the quantity and isotopic composition of uranium at the levels expected in typical environmental samples (i.e., nanogram quantities).« less
Fiscal Rules and Income Inequality: The Case of OECD Countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Fiscal rules act as binding institutions for fiscal policies worldwide. While previous studies have focused on the budgetary and financial effects of fiscal rules, their effects on social problems remain largely unexplored. This study examines how fiscal rules affected income inequality in OECD countries between 1990 and 2015. The results show that fiscal rules adversely affect income inequality, and a battery of robustness tests support these results. The paper infers that constraining a governments discretionary expenditure and possibly strengthening procyclicality may explain these results. The effects are heterogeneous in that income inequality worsens as aging progresses, when a conservative or nonruling party has a parliamentary majority, and when there is a substantial national debt. The findings suggest that using fiscal rules to improve fiscal soundness may conflict with reducing income inequality, making it necessary to discuss a new cogent fiscal framework to achieve both goals.