jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity, population structure and taxonomy of Calopteryx splendens (Odonata: Calopterygidae): An AFLP analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Calopteryx splendens is a widely distributed palaearctic damselfly with a remarkably uniform morphology. Variation in the size and shape of the pigmented spot on the wing is the main diagnostic character used to discriminate subspecies across its huge geographic range. Here, AFLP analysis was used to assess the genetic structure and diversity of nine populations representing 3 putative subspecies and evaluate the pigment spot as a taxonomic marker. Genetic diversity was high, with the number of polymorphic loci per population ranging from 141 to 280 out of a total of 333 variable sites (42.3-84.1%) and Nei's gene diversity from 0.160 to 0.283 (overall 0.299). Overall population genetic differentiation (FST = 0.2766) suggests limited gene flow and adaptation to local environments. Restricted gene flow and genetic differentiation among populations are supported by significant FST estimates. High levels of gene flow (Nm >1) were only recorded among three Asian populations (Russia - Kazakhstan - Turkey). The patterns of genotypic diversity suggest that a given wing spot size and shape may arise from the hybridization of a limited number, possibly not more than four, ancestral gene pools in different ways and at different times. Clearly, the sample analyzed was not sufficient to capture all of the complex history of C. splendens, but sufficient to indicate the taxa ancilla, waterstoni, and orientalis possibly represent three of the four ancestral gene pools, and originated in western Asia. The origin of the fourth, xanthostoma, is the western Mediterranean.
Healing of diabetic ulcers using jamaican cherry leaf extract cream (Muntingia calabura l.) based on collagen density in white rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract This research aims to determine the potential of jamaican cherry leaf extract cream (JCLEC) to accelerate the healing process of diabetic ulcers in white rat based on collagen density. The research used 4 month old male white rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) which were divided into K0 (negative control), KP (silver sulfadiazine), K1 (5% JCLEC), K2 (10% JCLEC), and K3 (15% JCLEC). An incision was made on the back of the rat then given JCLEC. Days 3, 7, and 14 after treatment, the wound tissue was collected after the rat were euthanized. Skin tissue was processed and stained with picrosirious red. The rate of wound healing was observed. Collagen density was presented in scoring. Based on the treatment group and observation time, there was a significant difference in collagen density between the treatment groups compared to the control (P<0.05). Based on the treatment group, the scoring of the collagen density was 1.78±0.6 (K0); 2.56±0.88 (KP); 1.78±0.4 (K1); 2.56±0.88 (K2); and 3.1±0.78 (K3). Based on observation time, the average collagen density scoring was 1.8±0.3 (D-3); 2.6±0.4 (D-7); and 2.8±0.6 (D-14). The conclusion is the 15% JCLEC has the potential to accelerate the healing of diabetic ulcers in white rats by stimulate collagen density.
The Parasites of Science. A Psycho-cognitive Characterization of a Pseudo-scientific Hoax

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The theoretical framework of research on pseudoscience is deficient,since it usually includes other types of beliefs lacking epistemic warranty. In this paper, I review the mechanisms of exploitation of scientific authority by pseudoscience, developing a more refined psycho-cognitive framework to characterize the phenomenon. I will analyze the psychology of pseudoscientific deception, the cognitive roots that enable the epidemiology of these ideas and their mechanisms of self-legitimation, such as dialectical superiority, false external support or false ethical and/or epistemological superiority.
Structure of C. elegans TMC-1 complex illuminates auditory mechanosensory transduction

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The initial step in the sensory transduction pathway underpinning hearing and balance in mammals involves the conversion of force into the gating of a mechanosensory transduction (MT) channel. Despite the profound socioeconomic impacts of hearing disorders and the fundamental biological significance of understanding MT, the composition, structure and mechanism of the MT complex has remained elusive. Here we report the single particle cryo-EM structure of the native MT TMC-1 complex isolated from C. elegans. The 2-fold symmetric complex is composed of 2 copies each of the pore-forming TMC-1 subunit, the calcium-binding protein CALM-1 and the transmembrane inner ear protein TMIE. CALM-1 makes extensive contacts with the cytoplasmic face of the TMC-1 subunits while the single-pass TMIE subunits reside on the periphery of the complex, poised like the handles of an accordion. A subset of particles in addition harbors a single arrestin-like protein, ARRD-6, bound to a CALM-1 domain. Single-particle reconstructions and molecular dynamics simulations show how the MT complex deforms the membrane bilayer and suggest crucial roles for lipid-protein interactions in the mechanism by which mechanical force is transduced to ion channel gating.
Functional Word in a Protein. IV. Alphabet.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A unique nucleotide sequence that consists of aligned second bases of colon triplets in the cDNA sequence of trypsin is designed to identify the active sites on the DEV model. Compared with the amino acid sequence that was exploited before, the assignment of functional system or active sites of trypsin is straightforward: the site B and its partners, site E, contain 84-D, 40-H, and 177-S. However, the difficulty is in less-specific nature of the site Es that require information on amino acid sequence. The results led by means of either amino acid sequence or nucleotide sequence due to the difference in the number of alphabets (twenty amino acidsversus four nucleotides) and the prediction efficiency is strengthened by using these two words. Further improvement of the prediction can be done by artificial five alphabets, A, T, G, C, and S. In this case, information of cDNA is not necessary.
Local Rectal Tumor Resection Results: Gasless, Video‐endoscopic Transanal Excision versus the Conventional Posterior Approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This study compares surgical outcomes for local resection of rectal tumors by two approaches: (1) gasless, video‐endoscopic transanal‐rectal tumor excision (gasless VTEM); and (2) a conventional posterior approach. Gasless VTEM involves a modification of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) that incorporates a standard laparoscopic video camera without a CO 2 insufflation system. A series of 42 patients with 45 rectal tumors (9 adenomas, 36 adenocarcinomas) who underwent gasless VTEM between 1993 and 2000 were studied prospectively. The control group consisted of 26 similar patients who underwent conventional surgery (transsacral or transsphincteric approach) between 1985 and 1993. Age, gender ratio, tumor localization, maximum tumor diameter, and histology for the cases and the controls were similar, whereas operating time and blood loss were significantly greater in the control group ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The postoperative intervals until able to walk, urinary catheter removal, solid food intake, and discharge from hospital were significantly shorter in the gasless VTEM group ( p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively); analgesic requirements were significantly less ( p < 0.001). There was no operative mortality in either group. Postoperative complications developed significantly less frequently in the gasless VTEM group than in the control group (7.1% vs. 38.5%; p = 0.003). During the median follow‐up length of 73.3 months, no patient developed tumor recurrence in the gasless VTEM group, whereas one patient did in the control group. In conclusion, gasless VTEM is less invasive and allows shorter hospitalizations and reduced complications than the conventional posterior approach, thereby providing an attractive alternative for selected patients.
The effect of pH and amino acids on conidiation and pigment production of Monascus major ATCC 16362 and Monascus rubiginosus ATCC 16367 in submerged shaken culture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Monascus major ATCC 16362 and Monascus rubiginosus ATCC 16367 were cultivated aerobically on media containing nitrate or ammonium as nitrogen source to which the following modifications were made: (1) pH adjusted to 2.5 before sterilization; (2) addition of yeast extract; (3) addition of amino acids in identical proportions and concentrations to those found in yeast extract; (4) adjustment of pH to 2.5 after addition of amino acids.The addition of amino acids in the form of yeast extract increased mycelium formation and reduced conidiation and pigment production. The addition of an amino acid mixture did not increase mycelium formation to the same extent as yeast extract but increased the number of conidia, while pigment production was reduced, especially when nitrate was the nitrogen source. As the amino acids are taken up after conidial formation has started, it would appear that it is not the amino acids themselves which are directly responsible for the induction of conidiation. The addition of amino acids inhibits nitrate and ammonium uptake suggesting the need for an early intracellular nitrogen limitation to induce conidiation. Lowering the pH inhibits the formation of conidia and increases pigment production; also the effect of amino acid addition is totally annulled.The pH of the medium is all important in regulating the formation of conidia and pigment production. The possible effects of the pH on the uptake of certain medium components is discussed, as well as their possible control of certain metabolic pathways which ultimately determines the availability of intermediates for conidiation and pigment production.
Assessing the assessors: a comparative study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In a national quality assessment of business administration in Norway, the work of eight simultaneously working external assessment panels was studied. The article examines how the panels considered different kinds of information sources and processes during the assessment, and in writing their reports. The study shows that information from self‐evaluation reports and instructional checklists, from an arranged conference and a training seminar, was ranked low by the panels, while information from the interaction between the panels and the assessed department and/or institution was highly valued together with internal discussions inside the panels and the assessors’ own knowledge and experience. In writing their external reports, the information highly valued was used most by the assessors. Possible implications of the study, especially in relation to the organisation and set‐up of external assessments, are presented in the conclusion.
Optimism as a predictor of poor comoliance with urate-lowering therapy in patients with gout: a prospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Gout is an inflammatory disease that can cause pain and damage to joints and organs. Compliance with urate-lowering therapy (ULT) in patients with gout is poor worldwide, and few studies have focused on the association between psychology and compliance. Psychological dysfunction (such as anxiety and depression) is common in patients with gout and is correlated with health-related quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the psychological status related to poor compliance in gout patients. Methods A total of 530 patients with gout, 174 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 60 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 324 healthy volunteers were included. Compliance with ULT was investigated using the medication possession ratio (MPR) over 3 months. The Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) was used to assess optimism in patients with gout and controls. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the severity of anxiety and depression. First, we compared the psychological status between gout patients and controls. Therefore, Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships between psychological and clinical variables. Finally, binary logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the predictors of poor compliance in patients with gout. Results The LOT-R scores of patients with gout were higher than those of patients with AS and RA (p < 0.05), while the SAS and SDS scores of patients with gout were lower than those of patients with AS and RA (p < 0.05). Among 530 patients with gout, 55.1% had an MPR < 0.8, and the MPR was negatively correlated with the LOT-R score (p < 0.05). Insufficient education, living in the countryside, having a high SUA concentration, and having a high LOT-R score predicted poor compliance with ULT (p < 0.05). Conclusions Gout patients share a similar optimistic status with healthy controls but are more optimistic than AS and RA patients. However, optimistic gout patients were more likely to have poorer compliance. Trial registration: Not applicable.
The management of esophageal strictures by using self-expanding metallic stents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Esophageal stents are an important tool for palliative treatment of inoperable or recurrent esophageal cancer; and broncho-esophageal fistula; to bypass refractory benign stenosis. Our work aims are to study the indication of self-expanding metallic stents for esophageal strictures, as well as the challenges, and complications of their placement. Between May 2016 and November 2019, 10 esophageal stents placement procedures were performed on 9 patients. The placement of the esophageal stent was performed by using a guidewire. Radioscopic control has been systematically carried out, and all patients were monitored 24 hours after the procedure. Nine patients were included in this study, 77.7% (n=7) were male and 22.3% (n=2), were female, the average age was 54 years (18-67 years). All stents have been successfully placed. The average follow-up for the procedures was 24 weeks. 33.33% (n=3) of the patients had a stent migration treated by the placement of another stent in 11.1% (n=1). No stent occlusion and no complications were noted. The food recovery was again possible in all cases. The evolution was marked by the death in 33.3 % (n=3), fistula closure in 22.2% (n= 2) and persistent of stricture in 11.1% (n=1). Esophageal stents remain an important tool for the management of malignant esophageal diseases and refractory benign esophageal stricture. The simplicity and the functional success of the majority of cases, make them highly recommended as palliative treatment, as the success rate in our study was 66.7% (n=7).
Repression of Sophie Hatter in Howl's Moving Castle by Diana Wayne Jones (1986)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The research entitled “Repression of Sophie Hatter in Howl’s Moving Castle by Diana Wayne Jones (1986)” aims to figure out the repression defense mechanism of Sophie Hatter, the main character from the novel Howl’s Moving Castle by Diana Wayne Jones (1986). The researcher used qualitative method to analyze the data. The primary data are taken from Jones’s novel in the form of speech, thought, action, effect on other, and look. In addition, the researcher also used psychoanalysis and characterization theory in literature to analyze the depiction of repression in the character of Sophie Hatter. The researcher found three occasions of Hatter’s repression. The first one is repression of anger where Sophie refuses to feel angry when she was accused unjustly, when she was jealous and when she was betrayed.The next one is repression of fear when Sophie’s action that were driven by emphaty and need to be safe is hindered by her fear. Lastly, repression of passion in Sophie happened when she was forced to quit school even though she loves studying. Anger, fear and passion are repressed since they would give Sophie negative mental states such as embarassment, shame, and guilt. Also, the repression helps Sophie in coping with conflict and eases her mind which makes her able to do things she would not be able to do otherwise.Finally, this research illustrates that there must be conflicts in each person’s mind that lead them into making every action they do which differs according to what they deem as more important: id or superego. In Sophie’s case, she feels the most comfortable when she follows her superego’s demands which makes her have repression defense mechanism.
Diagnose Breast Cancer Using Two Machine Learning Methods andComparing and Analyzing Them

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The breast cancer is currently the number one cancer in the world and has a high early treatment rate. Therefore, early screening and diagnosis of breast cancer is very important. Machine learning is very strong in analyzing and processing massive data. In this paper, we train and optimize decision tree and SVM models to identify malignant breast cancer and compare and analyze the performance of the two models. The accuracy of the earliest optimized models reaches about 98%, and it is found that the two models focus on different classification effects for the two samples, which can be further optimized by stacking and other ways. The dataset used to train the models in this paper is from the Wisconsin breast cancer database (WBCD), a benchmark dataset commonly used to compare different algorithms, which is of some significance for exploring the use of machine learning in the field of medical diagnosis.
Laparoscopic hand-assisted splenectomy for hydatid cyst.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hydatid cyst of the spleen is a rare location even in endemic areas. From classical splenectomy, surgical treatment has evolved to more conservative and even minimal invasive techniques. The authors report a 44 year old male with a palpable but asymptomatic mass in the left hypochondrium. Ultrasonography and computed tomography confirmed a large round unilocular cystic imagine of 12.5 cm in diameter with a thin regular wall. A total splenectomy was performed laparoscopic, the dissection being directed upward from the lower peritoneal attachments continuing with delivery of the anterior aspect of the hilum and splenorenal ligament, interception of main splenic vessels and finally detachment of the superior pole of the spleen where the cyst is adherent to the diaphragm muscle. The all delivered spleen was partial evacuated of hydatid content and the extraction was done via a mini-laparatomy with a digital lever manoeuvre. The 200 minutes operation has an uneventful postoperative course and the patient is still well 12 and 24 months after surgery without recurrence. The laparoscopic approach of hydatid cyst of the spleen constituted a challenging therapeutic perspective in selected cases and a good expertise of the surgeons.
The Impact of Congestion on the Costs of Public Transport in Starogard Gdański

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Congestion in the urban transport network is common not only in large agglomerations, but also in medium-sized cities in all countries that are characterized by a high level of socio-economic development. Traffic congestion has negative impact on economic, social, and environment development. The costs of congestion are borne by all users of the transport system, both drivers, passengers, entities providing transport services, as well as enterprises using freight transport services. The purpose of the article is to discuss the results of the study on the impact of congestion on the costs of public transport in a medium-sized city. The research method consisted in the analysis of vehicle road cards, fuel consumption statements for buses belonging to the Municipal Transport Company in Starogard Gdański and the examination of real bus travel times and the scale of delays caused by congestion on individual lines. The analysis of the data shows that thecompany bears much higher costs of fuel consumption, and passengers are exposed to bus arrivals and departures inconsistently with the timetable, prompting them to opt out of public transport services. This results in lower revenues from ticket sales and deterioration of the company’s financial result.
Acute Myocardial Infarction Due to Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection – A Series of Five Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a series of five patients hospitalized due to acute coronary syndrome, from 2008 to 2010, in whom coronary angiography showed spontaneous coronary dissection. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction, most commonly seen in young individuals with no history of cardiovascular disease. The optimal management is uncertain, especially due to the limited clinical experience with this entity. Intravascular ultrasound is a useful tool to diagnose spontaneous coronary artery dissection as well as to guide percutaneous therapy. Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio por Dissecção Espontânea de Artérias Coronárias – Série de Cinco Casos Relatamos série de 5 pacientes internados por síndrome coronária aguda, entre 2008 e 2010, nos quais a cinecoronariografia evidenciou dissecção coronária espontânea. A dissecção coronária espontânea é uma causa rara de infarto do miocárdio, mais comumente observada em indivíduos jovens e sem histórico de doenças cardiovasculares. O manejo ideal é incerto, principalmente pela limitada experiência clínica com essa entidade. A ultrassonografia intracoronária é uma ferramenta útil tanto para o diagnóstico da dissecção coronária espontânea como para guiar o tratamento percutâneo.
The impact of product variety on logistics performance

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We study the impact of product variety on the performance of a simple integrated production-distribution system equivalent to the stochastic economic lot-scheduling problem. We show that, keeping the total demand constant, the expected cost of inventories and backorders increases linearly with the number of products. This result is contrary to the conventional wisdom—based on pooling economies—whereby the expected cost would increase as the square root of the number of products. The linear relationship stems from the increase in replenishment lead time induced by an increase in product variety. In a systematic simulation study we show the phenomenon to be quite robust, as it does not depend on load, flexibility, or processing variability. 1
Napoleon is Coming! Maximilian is Coming?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Thomas Schoonover contends in this chapter that before, during, and after the Civil War, Americans and Europeans competed diplomatically, economically, culturally, and sometimes militarily for advantage in the countries of the Gulf-Caribbean region, often for purposes of social imperialism (improving conditions at home through foreign ventures). Schoonover argues that the Union was better situated to navigate this competition than the Confederacy because of its superior economic position. He gives particular attention to the French intervention in Mexico and argues that the Confederacy erred in its priorities in the Gulf-Caribbean region. Schoonover's chapter incorporates Spain, Prussia, and other countries into its narrative and cautions against ethnocentric treatments of the American past.