jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mitigating Covariate Shift in Misspecified Regression with Applications to Reinforcement Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A pervasive phenomenon in machine learning applications is distribution shift, where training and deployment conditions for a machine learning model differ. As distribution shift typically results in a degradation in performance, much attention has been devoted to algorithmic interventions that mitigate these detrimental effects. In this paper, we study the effect of distribution shift in the presence of model misspecification, specifically focusing on $L_{\infty}$-misspecified regression and adversarial covariate shift, where the regression target remains fixed while the covariate distribution changes arbitrarily. We show that empirical risk minimization, or standard least squares regression, can result in undesirable misspecification amplification where the error due to misspecification is amplified by the density ratio between the training and testing distributions. As our main result, we develop a new algorithm -- inspired by robust optimization techniques -- that avoids this undesirable behavior, resulting in no misspecification amplification while still obtaining optimal statistical rates. As applications, we use this regression procedure to obtain new guarantees in offline and online reinforcement learning with misspecification and establish new separations between previously studied structural conditions and notions of coverage.
Vestibular‐Evoked Myogenic Potential Outcomes Associated with Pediatric Sports‐Related Concussion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives/Hypothesis To 1) characterize vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential responses in children and young adults with sports‐related concussion (SRC) histories as compared with a normal healthy control group, and 2) correlate VEMP characteristics to SRC/sport history outcomes. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Seventy‐six children and young adults with and without a history of SRC received cervical and ocular VEMP testing using a 500 Hz tone burst air conduction stimuli. VEMP response parameters (response rates, peak latencies, and peak‐to‐peak amplitudes) were assessed. Other clinical vestibular measures were performed. In the SRC group, sport history outcomes including number of SRC sustained over a lifetime, years of playing contact sports, and length of time playing contact sports were collected via in‐person questionnaire. Results Children and young adults with SRC had significantly reduced oVEMP responses and peak‐to‐peak amplitudes and greater amplitude response asymmetries between left and right ear. There was no effect of group on cVEMP findings. A greater frequency of SRCs sustained throughout a lifetime, a greater number of contact sports played, and a longer duration of playing a contact sport correlated with significantly poorer VEMP response characteristics. Conclusions Our results suggest that SRC and repeated subclinical head impact events have an effect on oVEMP outcomes. SRC may affect the utricle, superior vestibular nerve, and/or brainstem‐mediated vestibular‐ocular‐reflex pathway. The prevalence of post‐concussion‐related dizziness is becoming increasingly common in a pediatric‐otology clinic, thus performing VEMP testing in youth post‐SRC provides an objective, noninvasive, and cost‐effective method for monitoring the effects of sports‐related impact on the vestibular system and related neural pathways. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope , 132:436–442, 2022
Laboratory identification of Keenan and Wing bands

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (9) References (5) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Laboratory identification of Keenan and Wing bands Davis, S. P. ; Hammer, P. D. Abstract The spectrum of ZrO produced in a furnace at 2700 K is compared with astronomical observations of the Keenan and Wing bands. Bands in the laboratory spectrum at 929.9, 931.6, 973.3, 1051.5, and 1052.8 nm are identified as belonging to the ZrO molecule, through analysis of the rotational structure. The bands at 827.4, 828.3, 847.6, 848.1, 861.0, 882.1, and 924.6 nm appear to belong to ZrO as well, although an analysis has not been made. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: November 1981 DOI: 10.1086/159432 Bibcode: 1981ApJ...250..805D Keywords: Line Spectra; Molecular Spectra; Stellar Spectra; Zirconium Oxides; Astronomical Spectroscopy; Molecular Spectroscopy; Spectrum Analysis; Astrophysics full text sources ADS |
INFLAMMATION MARKERS ANALYSIS AMONG CHILDREN, SUFFERING FROM ACUTE BRONCHITIS AGAINST FENSPIRIDE BASED TREATMENT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors stud the clinical efficiency of fenspiride (Erespal) among children (n = 46), suffering from acute bronchitis. It was shown that fenspiride reduced the cough duration and conduced to faster improvement of the patients' health. Besides, fenspiride application was accompanied by the reduction of the anti-inflammatory cytokines both in the blood serum and condensate of expired air.
Key words: bronchitis, fenspiride, cytokines, condensate of expired air, children.
Integrative Omics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Great strides have been made in dissecting the genetics of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through genome-wide association studies and whole exome/ genome sequencing, although the full heritability remains to be elucidated.Furthermore, biological insights into the associations of common variants with complex traits are often lacking.Although static DNA variation is at the core of variability between humans, viewed in isolation it can provide only a snapshot of the complex landscape of the dynamic, temporal evolution of CVD.One powerful approach to attempt to harness this dynamic variability is to study intermediate phenotypes that are more proximal to genomic variation than complex clinical end points.Although they can be difficult to measure accurately given the temporal nature of CVD, when analyzed on the foundation of the static genome, integrated studies can identify genomic loci that influence disease through these intermediate biomarkers.This principle underlies quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies, where genetic variation is integrated with other omics data (eg, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics).Once these associations are established, the genetic variants and biomarkers can then be studied in a focused manner to determine what, if any, causal relation they have to the disease of interest.In addition, if done at the genome-wide level, these studies provide a valuable resource to identify possible functional effects of disease-associated genetic variants.The CVD community is just beginning to embark on such integrative studies that capitalize on the large amount of molecular data now available in CVD cohorts.In this issue of Circulation, Benson et al 1 do just this, elegantly harnessing the power of the proteome to further our understanding of CVD genetics.Integrating genome-wide and exome array genetic data with proteomic data profiled by using a novel aptameter-based multiplex assay, they identify protein QTL (pQTL) in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS).Specifically, they performed pQTL analysis in the FHS Offspring cohort (n=759) on 156 proteins that they had previously identified as being associated with the Framingham CVD 10-year risk score. 2 They then performed validation studies in the MDCS (Malmö Diet and Cancer Study) (n=1421).Their results highlight the multifaceted output that can be extracted from population-based studies.First, taking advantage of the family-based structure of FHS, they show that a large amount of variance (>20%) in the majority protein levels (≈92%) can be explained by heritable factors, whereas the clinical components of the Framingham CVD risk score explain the same degree of variance in only 16% of the proteins.Genome-wide association studies of the 156 proteins identified 120 pQTLs that reached genome-wide significance in FHS, with 75 validating in MDCS.Four of the pQTLs had been identified as CVD risk loci in the large CAR-
Anxiety, social desirability, and coping styles in hypersexual and non-hypersexual men

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Compulsive sexual behaviors (hypersexuality) include intense focus on sexual fantasies, urges or behaviors that an individual cannot control.The data on hypersexuality is limited.Until now it was proved that people suffering compulsive sexual behaviors experience high levels of distress and anxiety, and report difficulties in personal and professional areas of their life.In order to verify the levels of anxiety, social desirability and preferred coping styles of hypersexual persons, and to compare their results to the data obtained from the general population the empirical study was conducted.In the study the tendency for repression in hypersexual respondents in comparison to respondents recruited from the general population was also assessed.In the presented project 52 volunteer men participated, out of which 26 were diagnosed with hypersexuality and were recruited in the treatment center where they've attended their therapy, and remaining 26 respondents were recruited from the general population so they resembled all sociodemographics except for compulsive sexual behaviors.In order to verify the levels of anxiety, social desirability, and coping styles Trait Anxiety Scale, Social Desirability Questionnaire and mini-COPE were used.The tendency for repression was assessed according to the typology in which low levels of anxiety accompanied by high levels of social desirability is considered as a repressive coping style.The results obtained in the study proved that hypersexual men in comparison to the general population, presented significantly higher levels of anxiety.While coping with stress, men suffering from compulsive sexual behaviors had a high tendency toward instrumental support, venting, religion, and emotional support.The social desirability levels and a tendency toward repression were lower in hypersexual patients in comparison to respondents from the general population.The results obtained in the study might serve as a starting point for planning directed therapeutic interventions for hypersexual patients.It should be emphasized at the same time that the obtained results are only preliminary, and other studies in the area of compulsive sexual behaviors are needed.
Aggregate matching in Spain. Time series analysis using cointegration techniques

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

I analyze the matching process in the Spanish labor market from 1994-2005. I use monthly registered unemployment data and refer solely to public employment intermediation. This period reflects an upward movement along a downward sloping Beveridge curve; therefore, major changes in the process efficiency should not be observed. I narrow the considerations to a job queuing model, which is the most relevant description of the labor market matching process in Spain, according to the literature. I apply various quantitative methods to address the problem of non-stationary data. The Engle-Granger estimates emphasize the crucial role of the demand in generating the outflows from unemployment to employment. The ECT coefficient confirms that the model efficiently approaches the new equilibrium. These findings confirm that job seekers find themselves on the disadvantaged side of the market and compete for scarce job offers, which, in turn, are ascribed randomly to the workers. The diagnostic tests of the VAR models question the relevance of a multivariate space analysis because the outflow from unemployment to employment appears to be the sole endogenous variable.
Atmospheric mixing and the CO2 seasonal cycle

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Atmospheric mixing is determined by such factors as advection and diffusion, planetary boundary layer (PBL) depth, and cloud transport‐together they determine an effective ’mixing volume’ to which CO 2 is then added or removed. In this study a mathematical model is developed to quantify the key factors determining the local ’mixing volume’ and hence the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO 2 . It was found that the seasonal variation in horizontal advection is more important than the seasonal variation in PBL depth in determining the local mean and seasonal variation in atmospheric CO 2 and that cloud transport plays a minor role.
STUDIES ON THE CALLIFEROUS INDUCTION AND PLANT REGENERATION OF Ulmus macrocarpa VAR. Mongolica

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of hormone on the callus induction and differentiation of leaves and stem of Ulmus macrocarpa var.mongolica was studied.And an efficiency regeneration System of the plant was established.The results showed:leaves was the best explants for the tissue culture,the optimum medium for callus induction from leaves was MS+ 1.5mg/L 2,4-D+0.2mg/L6-BA.The optimum medium for callus differentiation was MS+ 5.0mg/LIAA+ 1.0mg/L6-BA;and the adventitious root was induced on 1/2MS+1.0 mg/L IBA.
Anatomical considerations for obturator nerve block with fascia iliaca compartment block

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This report reviews the topographical and functional anatomy relevant for assessing whether or not the obturator nerve (ON) can be anesthetized using a fascia iliaca compartment (FIC) block. The ON does not cross the FIC. This means that the ON would only be blocked by an FIC block if the injectate spreads to the ON outside of the FIC. Such a phenomena would require the creation of one or more artificial passageways to the ON in the retro-psoas compartment or the retroperitoneal compartment by disrupting the normal anatomical integrity of the FI. Due to this requirement for an artificial pathway, an FIC block probably does not block the ON.
Differentiation of potato ecosystems on the basis of relationships among physical, chemical and biological soil parameters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Boiteau, G., Goyer, C., Rees, H. W. and Zebarth, B. J. 2014. Differentiation of potato ecosystems on the basis of relationships among physical, chemical and biological soil parameters. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 463–476. A study of soil physical, chemical and biological properties of five cultivated agro-ecosystems (two conventional potato, two organic potato and one cereal production systems) and two uncultivated agro-ecosystems (pasture and 20-yr abandoned potato field) was carried out at 21 field sites over 3 yr in New Brunswick, Canada. Twenty-four of the initial 42 variables chosen for their significant response to differences among farming systems were used in a principal component analysis to understand their relationships with the agro-ecosystems studied. The chemical, physical and biological soil properties considered contributed to a single dominant factor (PCI) of agricultural soil health representing soil organic matter dynamics. Conventional, uncertified organic and certified organic potato agro-ecosystems were lowest, intermediate and highest, respectively, on the PCI gradient. Conventional potato systems were characterized by high erosion, high soil bulk density, high soil test sulphur and phosphorus and high bacterial counts. Certified organic potato systems formed a separate group with the reference ecosystems (i.e., pasture and abandoned potato field under long-term rejuvenation). This group was characterized by high soil organic carbon, high soil aggregate stability, high soil water-holding capacity and high meso- and macro-fauna counts. The uncertified organic potato production system and organic barley system were characterized by average values, intermediate between conventional and certified organic potato systems. Results confirmed the strong negative impact of intensive cycles of conventional potato production on soil health. The clear separation observed between conventional, uncertified organic and organic potato ecosystems indicates that the positive impact of rotations and other management practices must be sustained over long periods for full rehabilitation of soils previously under intensive potato production. However, results also revealed that fields under organic certified potato production were retaining the properties of undisturbed reference sites such as pastures and abandoned potato fields under long-term rejuvenation.
ELL: Extendable Library Language

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The authors summarize an approach that considers reuse as a higher-level specification method with its own environment. A prototype for semiautomatic software generation has been developed by combination of a reuse process with knowledge of an application domain in terms of objects, functions, templates, and rules. The prototyped reuse environment is described with emphasis on the Extendable Library Language (ELL). ELL allows users to input the specification of their systems in terms of different components of the library. In conjunction with the reuse environment, ELL provides for incremental decomposition of the missing library components into lower-level, and combination of the components of the library that generate the code for the missing module.< >
Optical Photometry of the Type II-P Supernova 2004dj in NGC 2403

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present photometric data of the type II-P supernova (SN) 2004dj in NGC 2403. The multicolor light curves cover the SN from $\sim$ 60 to 200 days after explosion, and are measured with a set of intermediate-band filters that have the advantage of tracing the strength variations of some spectral features. The light curves show a flat evolution in the middle of the plateau phase, then decline exponentially at the late times, with a rate of 0.10$\pm$0.03 mag (10 days)$^{-1}$ in most of the filters. In the nebular phase, the spectral energy distribution (SED) of SN 2004dj shows a steady increase in the flux near 6600 \AA and 8500 \AA, which may correspond to the emission lines of H$\alpha$ and Ca II near-IR triplet, respectively. The photometric behavior suggests that SN 2004dj is a normal SN II-P. Compared with the light curves of another typical SN II-P 1999em, we estimate the explosion date to be June 10$\pm$21 UT, 2004 (JD 2453167$\pm$21) for SN 2004dj. We also estimate the ejected nickel mass during the explosion to be $M(^{56}\rm{Ni})$ = 0.023 $\pm$ 0.005 $M_{\odot}$ from two different methods, which is typical for a SN II-P. We derive the explosion energy $E \approx 0.75^{+0.56}_{-0.38}\times10^{51}$ erg, the ejecta mass $M \approx 10.0^{+7.4}_{-5.2}$ $M_{\odot}$, and the initial radius $R \approx 282^{+253}_{-122}$ $R_{\odot}$ for the presupernova star of SN 2004dj, which are consistent with other typical SNe II-P.
Electrical Equivalent Circuit Model Prediction of High-Entropy Alloy Behavior in Aggressive Media

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the optimistic outcomes of the research on high-entropy alloys, new designs of these alloys are being encouraged. We studied the high-entropy CoCrFeMoNi alloy and the CoCrFeMoNi alloy doped with Zr. In order to choose the best electrical equivalent circuit for the prediction of the behavior of these high-entropy alloys at various potentials in artificial seawater, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were conducted on samples with and without Zr-doped CoCrFeMoNi. At various potential levels, the impedance spectra were measured between −1.0 and +0.8 V vs. SCE. The study consists of a preliminary section with microstructure by metallography, open-circuit potential, and linear polarization curves by direct-current tests followed by visual analysis of the impedance spectra, and, finally, the selection of an equivalent electrical circuit model to fit the experimental data. By leveraging the advantages of EIS analysis, the information is essential for materials development, corrosion-mitigation strategies, and the successful implementation of these alloys in practical applications. It is important to note that selecting an equivalent circuit is often an iterative and subjective process, as it involves a balance between model complexity and the ability to accurately represent the system’s behavior.
Awareness of social welfare and rural development programmes by rural women in Andhra Pradesh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Women and children together constitute 65.6 percent of the country's population and account 673.80 million, as it was anticipated in 2001. After independence, the Government of India predominantly implemented welfare-oriented initiatives for women. Present study was conducted in Bapatla district of Andhra Pradesh to know the awareness of rural women on women and child development and rural development programmes. A total of 40 women were selected through random sampling method. Data was collected by using structured interview schedule and analysed by using frequency, percentage, class interval and indices. It revealed that, most (77.50%) of the respondents belonged to young age group, majority (85.00%) of the respondents belonged to scheduled caste (SC) category, a little more than one third (35.00%) of the respondents had education level up to intermediate, majority of the women were married and belongs to small and nuclear families. Overall awareness index was 60.00, most (67.50%) of the respondents had medium level of awareness. The government should conduct awareness campaigns, programmes through local governance bodies to disseminate the information among rural areas.
WTO Entry and Agriculture Support

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The core and purpose of the Four Policies evolved by WTO on supporting agriculture is to increase transparency in the trade of agricultural products so that all countries in the world may compete with one another equitably in their trade of farm produce. After entering WTO, China has to readjust structure and quantity of its agricultural products that receive preferential support in accordance with the principles stipulated by WTO, and to encourage and support more input into agricultural technology, rural education and improvement of agricultural environment by making full use of WTOs green box policy, in order to greatly strengthen the foundation of Chinese agricultural development and to enhance the competitive ability of Chinese agricultural products in world trade.