jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Code of Corporate Governance and Firm Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study focuses on the impact of good corporate governance mechanism and Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG) on corporate performance in Malaysia listed companies. Data are obtained from the top 100 constituent firms which comprised the FTSE Bursa Malaysia Index as of 2009, for the years ending 2007 to 2009. This study finds a significant positive result for the association of independent Chairman with ROA and ROE. Although contradictory to the prediction of the agency theory, the results show that a higher proportion of independent non-Executive Directors are negatively associated with the firm‟s performances. The result of this study indicates that an elected independent chairman is an important factor for a company‟s financial performance as well as an important aspect to attract social investors and consequently will increase shareholder‟s wealth.
Obtaining and Analysis of Optical Absorption Spectrum of Fisher Rat Blood with Hepatic Damage by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) stand outs among Photothermal techniques due to its versatility for the characterization of different types of materials, including biological samples. In this study, were compared and analyzed by PAS, the differences between the optical absorption spectra of blood of male Fisher rats, in three cases, control (healthy rats), liver damage and liver damage treated with Curcuma longa. The experimental results show differences in the optical absorption spectra of each analysed case, therefore PAS would be proposed as a non conventional complementary technique, to study the effect of Curcuma longa in induced liver damage for an animal model.
FIGURE 10. Taraxacum compitale. The holotype. Photo M in Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURE 10. Taraxacum compitale. The holotype. Photo M. Hladík.
Relationship between Children’s Birth Weight and Birth Length and a Risk of Overweight and Obesity in 4–15-Year-Old Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between children’s birth weight/length and a risk of overweight and obesity. Materials and Methods. The study involved 747 children from kindergartens, as well as primary and middle schools from southeastern Poland. All the subjects were examined on fasting status. Each child was examined for body mass and height, in order to calculate their body mass index (BMI), and BMI centile. The parents completed a questionnaire related to basic information about the child and the family. Results. In the study group, the male infants presented greater birth body weight and birth body length. A comparison of the distribution of birth weights and lengths between the children with normal BMI and with high BMI showed statistically significant differences only in the case of birth length of 12–15-year-old children and in the group of boys aged 12–15 years. In the case of the female children and the group of 7–11-year-olds a statistically significant difference was found in the BMI centile at a later age—a higher centile was found in the girls and in the children aged 7–11 years classified as adequate for gestational age (AGA). Conclusions. Birth body weight is positively related to BMI centile; however, no significant differences were found in birth weight between children with overweight/obesity and children with normal body weight. Birth length is associated with a lower BMI centile only in boys aged 12–15 years, and lower birth length is found in boys with overweight and obesity.
Cooling through quantum criticality and many-body effects in condensed matter and cold gases

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This article reviews some recent developments for new cooling technologies in the fields of condensed matter physics and cold gases, both from an experimental and theoretical point of view. The main idea is to make use of distinct many-body interactions of the system to be cooled which can be some cooling stage or the material of interest itself, as is the case in ultracold gases. For condensed matter systems, we discuss magnetic cooling schemes based on a large magnetocaloric effect as a result of a nearby quantum phase transition and consider effects of geometrical frustration. For ultracold gases, we review many-body cooling techniques, such as spin-gradient and Pomeranchuk cooling, which can be applied in the presence of an optical lattice. We compare the cooling performance of these new techniques with that of conventional approaches and discuss state-of-the-art applications.
A HISTORY OF VITRIFICATION PROCESS DEVELOPMENT AT SIA RADON INCLUDING COLD CRUCIBLE MELTERS

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes SIA Radon experience in development and implementation of radioactive waste vitrification technology. Radon is a company involved in the system of Administration of Moscow responsible for management of radioactive waste from non-nuclear applications at Central Russia. Radon has started its activity in a field of waste vitrification process development since the middle of 1970s. The first unit implemented at Radon to vitrify low- and intermediatelevel wastes with production of a borosilicate glass was a Joule-heated ceramic melter based plant with waste capacity of up to 10 L/h and glass productivity of up to 10 kg/h. The plant was improved and melter was upgraded step-by-step and semi-industrial-scale melter had waste capacity of up to 50 L/h and glass productivity of up to 35 kg/h. In the middle of 1980s a cold crucible melting process development was started and various cold crucibles for treatment of different liquid and solid wastes were designed. Since 1991 design and construction of a fullscale liquid waste vitrification plant was started. The plant consists of waste preparation, batch preparation and feeding, batch melting, glass annealing units, off-gas, water and energy supply systems. The melting unit is equipped with three cold crucibles with glass productivity each of up to 25 kg/h. Some different vitrification systems for conditioning of liquid and solid wastes (incinerator ash, ion-exchange resins, spent catalysts, etc.) based on cold crucibles and plasma melters were developed and tested. The results are briefly described as well.
Nibble-serial arithmetic processor designs via unfolding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The author proposes dedicated high-speed architectures for nibble-serial implementation of arithmetic operations (such as addition, multiplication, division, and square root) using a two's-complement fixed-point number system (all numbers assumed to lie between -1 and +1). Nibble-serial circuits are obtained by systematically applying the unfolding transformation on the corresponding bit-serial circuits. Nibble-serial arithmetic circuits input W/sub 1/-b of a word or sample in a single cycle, and the complete word is input in W/sub 2/ cycles, where W=W/sub 1/W/sub 2/ is the word length. W/sub 1/ need not be 4 in a nibble-serial implementation, but can be any divisor of the word length.< >
MONOPSONY AND MINIMUM WAGES: EVIDENCE FROM THE TOBACCO LEAF-PROCESSING INDUSTRY

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper uses evidence compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Tobacco Industry Committee to examine the impact of the initial implementation of the Fair Labor Standards Act. It is shown that the minimum wage was heavily binding, but employment in a BLS sample of Virginia and North Carolina firms actually increased following its passage. This employment increase can not be explained by traditional models but is consistent with the monopsony model. Finally, it is shown that the industry met two important assumptions of the model: workers could not easily relocate to alternative employment and wages were less than marginal revenue product.
Ocean Rise Effects on Shallow Groundwater in Coastal Areas: A Case Study in Juelsminde, Denmark

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Coastal areas situated at lower elevations are becoming more vulnerable to flooding as a result of the accelerating global sea level rise. As the sea level rises, so does the groundwater. Barriers designed to shield against marine flooding do not provide protection against flooding caused by rising groundwater. Despite the increasing threat of groundwater flooding, there is limited knowledge about the relationship between sea level rise and groundwater fluctuations. This hinders the ability to adequately consider sea level rise induced groundwater flooding in adaptation initiatives. This study aims to investigate how local groundwater in Juelsminde, Denmark, responds to changes in sea level and to evaluate the predictability of these changes using a machine learning model. The influence of the sea on the shallow groundwater level has been investigated using six groundwater loggers located between 45 and 210 m from the coast. An initial manual analysis of the data revealed a systematic delay in the rise of water levels from the coast to inland areas, with a delay of approximately 15–17 hours per 50 m of distance. Subsequently, a support vector regression model was used to predict groundwater levels 24 hours into the future. This study shows how the groundwater level in Juelsminde is affected by sea level fluctuations. Results suggest a need for increased emphasis on this topic.
Could lymphocyte to C‐reactive protein ratio predict the prognosis in patients with gastric cancer?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Development or progression of inflammation in neoplastic diseases is known to be part of the disease. Lymphocyte to C‐reactive protein ratio (LCR) is a new indicator showing the inflammatory state. The aim of this study is to show the clinical importance of the relationship between the preoperative LCR and the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Methods and Patients We evaluated gastric cancer patients, who underwent surgery between 2010 and 2015. LCR and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were calculated from pre‐treatment of complete blood counts. Both ratios were compared to the perioperative outcomes and median survival times. Association between LCR and postoperative tumour stage was studied by using multivariate analysis with other clinicopathological variables. Results A total of 123 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 65.36 ± 10.08. Preoperative low LCR value was associated with advanced tumour stage, adjacent organ invasion, lymph node metastasis and postoperative early complications. The receiver operating characteristic analysis results showed that LCR and NLR parameters were significant (CI 0.718–0.886; 95%); P < 0.001, CI 0.534–0.732; 95%). Cut‐off value being 193, the mean survival of patients who had LCR values of overcut‐off value was found to be significantly higher compared with the patients with lower LCR values ( P < 0.001). Conclusion LCR, a simple calculated ratio of values obtained from easy and widely available serum indicators could be an effective prognostic marker with gastric cancer.
EARLY MALADAPTIVE SCHEMA DOMAINS AND RISKY BEHAVIORS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Appears in: INTED2019 Proceedings Publication year: 2019Pages: 7971-7977ISBN: 978-84-09-08619-1ISSN: 2340-1079doi: 10.21125/inted.2019.1973Conference name: 13th International Technology, Education and Development ConferenceDates: 11-13 March, 2019Location: Valencia, Spain
Polarization beam splitter for visible light using a bilayer coating

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The design of a polarization beam splitter for visible light (PBS–VL) is presented. The PBS–VL consists of an absorbing substrate coated with a double layer of transparent thin films. The PBS–VL power reflectances for the p- and s-polarizations are in the range of 70 and 97%, respectively. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 28: 51–55, 2001.
Critical Magnetic Field of a Thin Film of Superconductor

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A theory of the critical field of a thin superconductive film is given based on the assumption that this is the field in which the normal state becomes unstable to the formation of Cooper pairs. Only the case where $l$, the mean free path for the electrons is much less than $d$, the thickness of the film, and where the coherence length is less than $\frac{{d}^{2}}{l}$ is discussed. The resulting field for temperatures near ${T}_{c}$ agrees with that predicted by the Ginzburg-Landau theory. At lower temperatures, the field is greater than that predicted by an earlier theory of Maki and appears to be in better agreement with the experimental results.
Accumulation of Astragalosides and Related Gene Expression in Different Organs of Astragalus Membranaceus Bge. var Mongholicus (Bge.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Astragalus membranaceus is one of the most important traditional Korean and Chinese medicinal herbs because it contains triterpenoid saponins (astragaloside I, II, III, and IV), which have beneficial and pharmacological effects on health. In this study, we analyzed 10 mevalonate pathway genes that are involved in astragaloside biosynthesis using the Illumina/Solexa HiSeq2000 platform. We determined the expression levels of the 10 genes using quantitative real-time PCR, and analyzed the accumulation of astragalosides in different organs using high-performance liquid chromatography. Genes related to the mevalonate pathway were expressed in different levels in different organs. Almost all genes showed high transcript levels in the stem and leaf, with the lowest transcript levels being recorded in the root. In contrast, most astragalosides accumulated in the root. In particular, the astragaloside IV content was distributed in the following order: root (0.58 mg/g DW) > flower (0.27 mg/g DW) > stem (0.23 mg/g DW) > leaf (0.04 mg/g DW). In the root, astragaloside II exhibited the highest content (2.09 mg/g DW) compared to astragaloside I, III, and IV. Notably, gene expression did not follow the same pattern as astragaloside accumulation. We suggest carefully that astragalosides are synthesized in the leaves and stem and then translocated to the root. This study contributes towards improving our understanding of astragaloside biosynthesis in A. membranaceus.
Early discharge (<3 days) following primary PCI is safe in low risk patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Previous studies suggest that patients may be discharged early following hospitalization with STEMI treated by primary PCI (pPCI) and an uncomplicated clinical course. However, there is concern that early discharge may place patients at risk, and there is little prospective data to support such a practice. The aim of this study was to assess patient safety in low-risk patients discharged from hospital within 3 days following pPCI. Methods: A total of 425 consecutive STEMI patients admitted for primary pPCI at a single center during a 2 year period were included in this prospective study. Patients were assessed using the Zwolle score. The Zwolle score is validated to identify low-risk STEMI patients for early discharge and takes into account age, 3-vessel disease, Killip Class, anterior infarction and TIMI flow post PCI. Patients with a Zwolle score <4 were considered "Low-risk" and randomized into 2 groups: "Early discharge" (within 3 days) and "Routine discharge". Patients that were not randomized were included in a registry as a "High-risk" reference. Patient safety was evaluated against all- cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during long-term follow-up (median 466 days). Results: From the 425 consecutive patients assessed, a total of 215 patients (50.6%) were defined as "Low-risk". From these patients 108 patients were randomized to "Early discharge" and 107 patients to "Routine discharge". Among the remaining patients that were not randomized ("High risk" group, n=210), the most common reasons for exclusion were: Zwolle score >4: 67% (n=161), complicated clinical course: 41% (n=87), transfer to other hospital: 15% (n=36) and refusal to be randomized: 8.6% (18). The "Low-risk" patients spent less time in hospital during index hospitalization compared with "High-risk" patients: 501 vs. 1314 days (p<0.001). "Early discharge" patients spent less time in hospital during index hospitalization than "Routine discharge" patients: 239 vs. 262 days (p<0.001). During follow-up, there were no differences in mortality, MACE or hospital readmissions between "Early discharge" and "Routine discharge" groups. Comparing outcomes during follow-up in "High-risk" and "Low-risk" patients: there were no deaths in the "Low risk "group, one death in the "High-risk" group. There were more patients with MACE (6.2% vs. 3.7%, p=0.25), and significantly more heart failure hospitalizations (7.6% vs. 0.9%, p=0.001) in "High-risk" patients. Conclusions: This prospective study suggests that early discharge (<3 days) after pPCI is safe in low-risk patients with a Zwolle score <4.
On solution properties of some types of p-adic kinetic equations of the form reaction-diffusion

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, solutions for two types of ultrametric kinetic equations of the form reaction-diffusion are obtained and properties of these solutions are investigated. General method to find the solution of equation of the form $$ \tfrac{\partial } {{\partial t}}f(x,t) = \int_{\mathbb{Q}_p } {W(|x - y|_p )(f(y,t) - f(x,t))dy + V(|x|_p )f(x,t),f(x,0) = \phi (|x|_p ),} $$ for rather large class of p-adic pseudodifferential operator kernels, is presented. It is proved theorem on existence and uniqueness of solutions for the corresponding Cauchy problem. Solutions are analyzed for V (|x| p ) = aΩ(|x| p ), a > 0 and V(|x| p ) = −aΩ(|x| p ), where Ω(|x| p ) is indicator of the ball ℤ p . These cases correspond, respectively, to reactions of the form of autocatalytic source and reactionary sink, and present an interest for physical applications. It is also obtained solution of equation of the form $$ \tfrac{\partial } {{\partial t}}f(x,t) = (1 - \Omega (|x|_p ))\frac{1} {{\Gamma _p ( - \alpha )}}\int_{\mathbb{Q}_p } {\frac{{f(y,t) - f(x,t)}} {{|x - y|_p^{\alpha + 1} }}dy} , $$ with additional condition f(x, t) = 1, x ∈ ℤ p and initial condition f(x, 0) = Ω(|x| p ). Properties of such solution are studied.
EMBRITTLEMENT OF ZIRCALOY-CLAD FUEL RODS BY STEAM DURING LOCA TRANSIENTS.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

One of the possible consequences of a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) in a light-water reactor would be the rapid heatup of the fuel tubes in a steam environment.During the period of time in which the cladding was exposed to steam (provided both from boiloff of residual water in the pressure vessel and by the emergency coolant) at elevated temperatures, reaction of the Zircaloy with the steam would cause the formation of an oxide film on the cladding surface and an oxygen gradient into the wall.Since the ductility of Zircaloy is a direct function of oxygen content, and since the oxygen content is a function of time and temperature of steam exposure, a study of the degree of embrittlement to be expected in a LOCA necessitates the examination of specimens exposed to specific temperatures for given lengths of time in a steam environment.Correlations are developed among steam exposure, oxygen content, ductility, and hardness which permit estimating the degree of embrittlement the cladding would attain during any LOCA transient.Curve fitting to LOCA transient data and subsequent integration provide easy analysis of the amount of embrittlement expected.
Widespread Corruption in Sports Gambling: Fact or Fiction?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We examine whether point‐shaving is widespread in National Collegiate Athletic Association basketball by comparing bet and game outcomes with those in professional sports. Results suggest that unusual patterns previously suspected to be indicators of point‐shaving are ubiquitous throughout sports and unlikely to be caused by corruption. We suggest that line shading by sports books may explain the anomalies in game and bet outcome distributions.
A DEFORMATION STUDY OF VARIOUS ALUMINOSILICATES AND BOROSILICATES 1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT A brief review of the past literature on the thermochemical study of silicates, aluminosilicates and borosilicates was prepared. The present study includes the development of five ternary “deformation eutectics”, which had the following compositions and deformation temperatures: image Cones were made and deformation was studied in the same manner as used with standard pyrometric cones. All eutectics developed are within the 2 1/2 molecular per cent limit. Combination of eutectics were also made but no further lowering of temperature was noticed. The results were discussed with special stress laid upon the relation between the various eutectics.
Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal. f. marginata IG 56258

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal. f. marginata
Common name(s): Forage
Conserved by: International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon
Local sample unique identifier: IG 56258
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1984
Other identifiers: n/a,IFMA 3616
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Included
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease: phylogenetic disorders of the human neocortex sharing many characteristics.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Features common to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are reviewed. Shared epidemiological aspects include an increasing frequency which is proportional for each disease. We draw attention to geographic non-uniform distribution which, for ALS and PD, correlates positively with latitude. Clinical and pathological overlap occurs in the same patients, and in members of the same family. A high early morning plasma cysteine/sulphate ratio possibly related to the development of proteinacious inclusions, as well as ubiquinated neuronal inclusions, characterize ALS, PD and AD. HLA-DR (the human group II major histocompatibility class) staining is marked in ALS, PD and AD and may represent autoimmunity-incited by-products of neuronal degeneration. Based upon demonstrated glutaminergic connections between the neocortex and anterior horn cells, the entorhinal cortex and the basal ganglia we hypothesize that ALS, AD and PD are phylogenetic disturbances of the neocortical cell. The postsynaptic neuron may degenerate secondarily to anterograde effects of deranged glutamate metabolism. Future therapeutic strategies should be directed to agents that decrease transmission induced by excitatory amino-acids.