jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of liming and mineral fertilization on the copper content in grain of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivated on loessial soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The paper presents research on the copper content in grain of winter wheat and spring barley cultivated in 1986-2001, on grey-brown podzolic soils developed from loess (static fertilization experiment) underlying a field located in the Rzeszow Foothills (SE Poland). The experiment was set up by the random sub-block method, on a field under a static fertilization trial composed of a four-year crop rotation system and the NPK Mg or NPK Mg Ca fertilization system. The first variable was liming (A) and the second one consisted of different mineral fertilization variants (B). The basic level of fertilization (N1P1K1) was 80 kg N ha -1 , 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 120 kg K 2 O ha-1 under spring barley and 90 kg N ha-1, 80 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1, 100 kg K 2 O ha-1 under winter wheat. The crop rotation was the following: in 1986-1989 – potatoes, spring barley, fodder cabbage, winter wheat; in 1990-1993, 1994-1997, 1997-2001 – potatoes, spring barley, fodder sunflower, winter wheat. Mineral fertilization included NPK fertilization with constant Mg fertilization, and differentiated NPK fertilization with constant Mg and Ca (liming) fertilization. Liming was performed in 1985, 1989, 1993 and in 1997 (4 t ha-1 CaO). The experiment included 14 fertilization variants with 4 replications. The copper content in plants was determined by FAAS after mineralization of plant samples in a mixture of HNO 3 :HClO 4 :H 2 SO 4 in the 20:5:1 ratio. Liming decreased the copper content in spring barley grain but had no statistically significant effect on the copper content in winter wheat grain. Mineral fertilization did influence the copper content winter wheat grain, but decreased it grain obtained from the plot with lower P fertilization together with NK fertilizer. However the interaction (liming x NPK fertilization) did not influence the copper content in cereal grain.
Evaluation of the “Mahalanobis’ Generalized Distance” Method of Quality Control: Monitoring System of Multivariate Data

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of a monitoring system that utilizes the multivariate data. The system monitors the data of an individual patient by comparing them with his previous data. The Mahalanobis' generalized distance is introduced to measure the difference between the present and previous data. The authors applied this method to several sets of laboratory data, and it was shown to be useful for the monitoring system of laboratory errors. As a practical application, they developed a batch program and introduced it in the daily routine of the computer system. They expect that this method will be employed as a useful monitoring system in clinical laboratories, like the limit and delta checks.
Autism-plus spectrum disorders: Interfaces with psychosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Despite categorical differentiation, autistic and psychotic disorders are historically related diagnostic entities and there is still much controversy regarding their limits and developmental course. Particularly in children, the presence of idiosyncratic fears, difficulties in the social sphere and thought disorder are important factors in the differential diagnosis. There are some research-derived clinical constructs that operationalize symptomatology aiming to highlight the interfaces and the overlap between such disorders. Their clinical implications can be extremely relevant in the face of the limits of current nosology. Objetives To phenomenologically describe differentiating parameters and high-risk clinical profiles for the development of psychosis in children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods Selective review of the literature in PubMed (MEDLINE). Illustration with a clinical case vignette. Results The clinical case reflects well the difficulties posed in the differential diagnosis due to the multiple interfaces between autism and psychosis. Constructs such as “multiple complex developmental disorder” or “multidimensionally impaired syndrome” allow a clearer and more practice-friendly characterization of such individuals. Conclusion The constelation of symptoms identified in these criteria may become useful through the definition of subgroups of autism spectrum disorder individuals with complex psychopathology. Studies in this regard are still scarce, but the validation and reproduction of the positive results observed in the near future can help optimize the clinical approaches in these children. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Modeling multicomponent adsorption of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange columns

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Transport models are developed for the adsorption of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange columns for two different matrices: UNOsphere S, which has a macroporous architecture, and Capto S, which contains charged dextran polymers grafted to an agarose matrix. The UNOsphere S protein adsorption kinetics is described by a macropore diffusion model with effective pore diffusivity D e = 8.3 × 10 −8 cm 2 /s, which successfully predicts resolution of charge variants by frontal analysis at residence times, L/u, between 0.9 and 5.4 min. The Capto S adsorption kinetics is very fast for individual charge variants and for coadsorption of their mixtures, but is dramatically slower for sequential adsorption, when a more strongly bound variant displaces a more weakly bound one. A Maxwell‐Stefan model assuming single‐file diffusion predicts, in agreement with experiments, poor resolution of charge variants by frontal analysis even at long residence times as a result of highly hindered counterdiffusion. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2503–2511, 2012
Retroperitoneal lymph node lymphangioleiomyomatosis: tumor with an ambiguous clinical course

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a mesenchymal tumor included in PEComa family. Lung is the most frequent localization of LAM where it has bilateral spread and leads to respiratory failure. Development of LAM can be provided by tuberous sclerosis or it can be of sporadic nature. Extrapulmonary LAM usually develops in posterior mediastinal, retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes. It is intriguing that primary nodal LAM, developed in the absence of pulmonary LAM, encounters relatively rare and discovers incidentally. Despite the well-known relationship of pulmonary LAM with tuberous sclerosis and occurrence of the tumor in young female patients, clinically occult LAM lesions can be encountered in wide age range and usually these aren’t associated with tuberous sclerosis. Prognostic significance of incidentally found nodal LAM is still under debate as well as probability of metachronous lung involvement. Here we present small case series of accidentally discovered LAM in retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes of four female patients.
The cultural politics of Jamaican dancehall music in South Florida

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For Jamaicans throughout the Diaspora, dancehall music has emerged as their most potent cultural symbol demarcating their place of origin and continued sense of national belonging. Due to its unapologetic nature and tendency to tackle divisive issues such as those involving race, class, and sex, dancehall has been unfairly branded as wholly misogynistic and violent. This dissertation attempts to counter some of these assertions by exploring the cultural politics of dancehall music in South Florida's Jamaican community. Information for this study was obtained using participant observation, formal, and informal interviews. Participant observation was conducted over a 2 year period at several dancehall clubs and events throughout South Florida. A total of 24 formal and 30 informal interviews were conducted with listeners of the music and business owners who are directly and indirectly involved with the promotion, production, and distribution of dancehall in South Florida. Results show that dancehall enacts cultural politics in three primary ways in South Florida. First, the music serves as one of several types of materials used in the construction of a "Jamaican identity." This is achieved through the lyrical content of the music where social, economic and political issues affecting the island are often discussed and debated. Second, dancehall operates as a form of cultural politics through its nurturing of nationalistic sensibilities. Evidence of this is apparent in the controversy involving dancehall's homophobic stance. Third, dancehall affords Jamaicans in South Florida the ability to transplant and perpetuate the uptown versus downtown divide. Far from being wholly misogynistic and violent, therefore, dancehall is an important tool that can be used to address a wide variety of issues within the local Jamaican context and throughout the Jamaican diaspora.
Cost-effectiveness and Accuracy Analysis of Different Screening Strategies for COVID-19

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly confirmed through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which is both expensive and time-consuming and requires specific equipment. Thus, demand for rapid diagnostic methods, such as rapid antigen detection (RAD) tests, has emerged. Here, we assessed the efficiency and reliability of RAD for early diagnosis of COVID-19. Methods: We performed a retrospective study based on systemic COVID-19 screening and diagnosis using RAD and RT-PCR at Taipei City Hospital during the first COVID-19 outbreak week in Taiwan (28 May-6 June 2021). We postulated five strategies for COVID-19 screening in the general population: one RAD test, one RT-PCR test, one RAD test (negative) followed by one RT-PCR, one RAD test (positive) followed by one RT-PCR test, and two RAD tests and calculated their cost and accuracy. We also conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis to identify the most economically efficient strategy for COVID-19 diagnosis. This study included 6368 cases in total. Results: Although RAD exhibited low sensitivity (mean 66%), other values were acceptable: mean specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 99%, 82.8%, 97.5%, and 94.2%, respectively. RAD was the most cost-effective method. Additionally, it may be an effective diagnostic strategy in the later stages of the epidemic, warranting further research. Conclusion: Although RT-PCR remains the standard method for diagnosing COVID-19, RAD is faster and a more cost-effective, convenient, and globally available method, allowing for early detection of SARS-CoV-2.
Research on Fault Diagnosis of Ship Power System Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Neural Network Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A fault diagnosis method for ship power system based on optimized particle swarm neural network is proposed. The optimization ability of particle swarm optimization is improved by particle dynamic optimization management and cross strategy. The threshold and weight of neural network are optimized by improved particle swarm optimization. The advantages of the algorithm is strong global search and fast convergence. It shows better speed and accuracy in the case of ship generator fault diagnosis.
Knowledge, motivation, attitude, job design and health cadre performance: a cross sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In 2020, the maternal mortality rate in Semarang increased to 98.6/100,000 and was ranked in the top 10 highest in Central Java. Until November 2021, there were 111 cases of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), 195 cases of dengue fever, and 210 cases of malnutrition. The performance of health cadres and the role of the community must be improved. The results of observations in the field, the working cadres are still limited, and the performance of health cadres is considered not optimal. This cross-sectional study aimed to knowing the influential factors on performance of health cadres. The population of this study was all health cadres. The number of research samples was 68 respondents determined through the quota sampling. The source of data used in this study was primary data obtained through direct interviews using structured questionnaires. Data analysis used frequency distribution, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Most of the health cadres have performed well (73.5%). The attitude of health cadres is the most influential factor on the performance of health cadres in improving health status in their area (p-value=0.001).
Do Investment Funds Audited by the Big Four Firms Exhibit Different Performances? Evidence from Brazil

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Investment funds manage a portfolio composed of financial instruments; therefore, their accounting reports should undergo a careful process of preparation and auditing. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of being audited by a Big Four audit company on funds’ risk-adjusted performance. The database is composed of equity funds from the Brazilian financial market, with daily returns spanning from January 2005 to March 2023. The funds’ performance was measured based on three indicators, including the Sharpe Ratio and Jensen’s Alpha. Fama and MacBeth regressions were used to test the hypotheses. The main findings indicate that the benefits of audit quality also include a positive effect on the risk-adjusted performance of investment funds, as the coefficient of the variable “Big Four” was positive and significant based on the proxies for risk-adjusted performance. This study advances this area of research by demonstrating the effects of the type of audit on the risk-adjusted performance indicators of investment funds.
Stress testing of digital flight-control system software

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A technique for dynamically testing digital flight-control system software on a module-by-module basis is described. Each test module is repetitively executed faster than real-time with an exhaustive input sequence. Outputs of the test module are compared with outputs generated by an alternate, simpler implementation for the same input data. Discrepancies between the two sets of output indicate the possible presence of a software error. The results of an implementation of this technique in the Digital Flight-Control System Software Verification Laboratory are discussed.
Epidermal Club Cells in Fishes: A Case for Ecoimmunological Analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Epidermal club cells (ECCs), along with mucus cells, are present in the skin of many fishes, particularly in the well-studied Ostariophysan family Cyprinidae. Most ECC-associated literature has focused on the potential role of ECCs as a component of chemical alarm cues released passively when a predator damages the skin of its prey, alerting nearby prey to the presence of an active predator. Because this warning system is maintained by receiver-side selection (senders are eaten), there is want of a mechanism to confer fitness benefits to the individual that invests in ECCs to explain their evolutionary origin and maintenance in this speciose group of fishes. In an attempt to understand the fitness benefits that accrue from investment in ECCs, we reviewed the phylogenetic distribution of ECCs and their histochemical properties. ECCs are found in various forms in all teleost superorders and in the chondrostei inferring either early or multiple independent origins over evolutionary time. We noted that ECCs respond to several environmental stressors/immunomodulators including parasites and pathogens, are suppressed by immunomodulators such as testosterone and cortisol, and their density covaries with food ration, demonstrating a dynamic metabolic cost to maintaining these cells. ECC density varies widely among and within fish populations, suggesting that ECCs may be a convenient tool with which to assay ecoimmunological tradeoffs between immune stress and foraging activity, reproductive state, and predator–prey interactions. Here, we review the case for ECC immune function, immune functions in fishes generally, and encourage future work describing the precise role of ECCs in the immune system and life history evolution in fishes.
Fast Cocyclic Jacket Transform Based on DFT

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a new class of cocyclic Jacket matrices over complex number field with any size. The known cocyclic Jacket matrices belong to this class of matrices. With the aid of the Kronecker product of the lower order cocyclic Jacket matrix and the identity matrix, the fast algorithms for realizing the cocyclic Jacket transform are proposed.
934 Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of Pancreatic Fluid Collections Using AXIOS Electrocautery Enhanced Delivery System a Retrospective Experience at a Large Quaternary Care Center

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic fluid collections (PFC) are common complications of acute pancreatitis, surgery, or trauma. Many PFC reabsorb spontaneously but the remainder create cystic structures filled with fluid and/or with necrotic debris. Since the development of lumen apposing metal stents (LAMS) first line treatment of PFCs are with EUS guided drainage. However, despite the high technical and clinical success of the commonly used Electrocautery Enhanced AXIOS LAMS (EEAL), outcome data is still scarce. METHODS: An IRB approved, retrospective chart review, was performed on EUS-guided drainage of PFC using EEAL at a large quaternary care, teaching hospital. Specific procedural data including technical success rate, adverse events, and length of stay were collected. Descriptive statistics were then used to report outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 43 EEAL were used in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts (41.9%) and walled off pancreatic necrosis (65.1%). LAMS were placed successfully in 100% of procedures and required revisions in 28.6% of patients. Adverse events occurred in 16.3% of interventions: 2 bleeding events (4.7%), 3 stent migrations (7%), 1 pigtail stent occlusion (2.4%) and 1 spontaneous pancreatic fistula formation (2.4%). Only 2 patients (4.8%) required subsequent surgical resection. The average hospital stay after the procedure was 6.79 days (median of 3 days) and stents were ultimately removed on average at 24.68 days. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated 100% technical success rate. Of the recorded adverse events after EEAL use in drainage of PFC most were subclinical and minor. Importantly, only two patients required further surgical intervention to obtain desired outcome. Furthermore, length of stay was particularly low with median hospital stay of 3 days. Ultimately, this study highlights how EEAL provides high value care by providing an efficient intervention in a cost-feasible length of time. Further ongoing prospective studies will help determine the utility of EEAL in the practice setting.
Hydrodynamic Control of Alzheimer Aβ Fibrillation with Glucosaminic Acid Containing Click-Cyclized β-Bodies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It is well established that the dynamic hydration shell plays a vital role in macromolecular functions such as protein-ligand, protein-protein, protein-DNA, and protein-lipid interactions. Here we investigate how the water modality affects conformational changes, solubility, and motion of fibrillar proteins. The hypothesis is that the introduction of a poly hydroxyl amino acid would increase solvation of the fibril forming peptides, preventing their misfolding and aggregation. For the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, which is considered to be connected with nervous system diseases, including dementia and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, the formation of β-sheet fibrils always occurs with a conformational change and a decrease in the dynamic hydration shell around Aβ(1-42). We present novel cyclic d-amino acid peptides that effectively inhibit fibrillation through affecting the dynamic hydration shell of Aβ(1-42) in vitro. Using de novo design within the software Molecular Operating Environment (MOE), five different peptides that recognize Alzheimer's fibrils were designed and synthesized. Three of them were cyclic all-d-amino acid peptides incorporating the same polyhydroxy building block derived from d-glucosaminic acid (GA). One peptide was the parent cyclic all d-amino acid inhibitor with no GA incorporated, and another was an all l-amino acid linear fibrillation inhibitor. The GA-containing peptides were found to show significantly improved inhibition of Aβ(1-42) aggregation. The inhibition was dramatically improved by the synergistic application of two GA peptides targeting each end of the growing fibril. The present study may facilitate future developments of intervention strategies for Alzheimer's disease and similar neurodegenerative diseases.
THE $B^{2}\Sigma^{+}-x^{2}\Sigma^{+}$ SYSTEM OF $^{12}C^{16}O^{+}$ AND $^{13}C^{16}O^{+}$

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Address of Misra, Ferguson and Rao: Department of Physics. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210. Address of Mathews: Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210.
When Families Came to America: Adaptation of Italian and Chinese Familial Traditions in New York City, 1890-1970

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite the importance of immigration as a topic in American history, until now, there has been no comparative research of European and Chinese immigration to the United States. This paper compares the transformation of familial traditions that occurred when Italian and Chinese families arrived in New York City. These transformations prove that American immigrants did not simply continue old world traditions and also did not completely metamorphosize into foundationless products of the new environment, but instead were the product of cultural interaction between old traditions and new circumstances. The Italian immigrant community placed high value on the nuclear family in their home country. After arriving in New York, they faced comparatively more job opportunities, and as a result, did not need to rely on family organizations for personal, economic and social activities. By comparison, the Chinese community placed high value on the extended family and the broader family group, and used family relationships to construct a social network. Chinese immigrants to America faced not only strong discrimination and limited job opportunities, but also anti-Chinese legislation that prevented them from bringing their families with them to the U.S. Consequently, they made greater use of the social-cultural modes and symbols most familiar to them, i.e. family, to organize personal, economic and social