jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Redox-Regulated Recruitment of the Transcriptional Coactivators CREB-Binding Protein and SRC-1 to Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) functions as a transcription factor that is activated by decreased cellular oxygen concentrations to induce expression of a network of genes involved in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and glucose homeostasis. Here we demonstrate that two members of the SRC-1/p160 family of transcriptional coactivators harboring histone acetyltransferase activity, SRC-1 and transcription intermediary factor 2 (TIF2), are able to interact with HIF-1alpha and enhance its transactivation potential in a hypoxia-dependent manner. HIF-1alpha contains within its C terminus two transactivation domains. The hypoxia-inducible activity of both these domains was enhanced by either SRC-1 or the CREB-binding protein (CBP)/p300 coactivator. Moreover, at limiting concentrations, SRC-1 produced this effect in synergy with CBP. Interestingly, this effect was strongly potentiated by the redox regulatory protein Ref-1, a dual-function protein harboring DNA repair endonuclease and cysteine reducing activities. These data indicate that all three proteins, CBP, SRC-1, and Ref-1, are important components of the hypoxia signaling pathway and have a common function in regulation of HIF-1alpha function in hypoxic cells. Given the absence of cysteine residues in one of the Ref-1-regulated transactivation domains of HIF-1alpha, it is thus possible that Ref-1 functions in hypoxic cells by targeting critical steps in the recruitment of the CBP-SRC-1 coactivator complex.
Preparation and Application of Weak Cation Exchange Resin Based on Thiol Click Reaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Using poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene) microspheres as stationary phase matrix and mercaptosuccinic acid as a modifier, a new weak cation exchange resin was synthesized by thiol click reaction. The conditions for thiol‐chlorine click reaction and thiol‐alkene click reaction were optimized. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the modified microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and an elemental analyzer. The stationary phase can achieve the separation of six common cations within 25 min. A homemade weak cation chromatographic column was used to determine the impurities of Na + and K + and the content of tetramethylammonium ions in tetramethylammonium hydroxide samples. The method showed a good linear correlation in the range of 0.1–500.0 mg/L with correlation coefficients of 0.9998–0.9999, and the limits of detection (signal‐to‐noise ratio ≥ 3) were 0.01–0.20 mg/L. The intra‐day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range of 1.1%–4.4%, and the inter‐day RSDs were in the range of 0.8%–14.8%. The spiked recoveries were in the range of 91.92%–119.86%. The results showed that the prepared stationary phase exhibited effective separation ability and good reproducibility, which was suitable for the analysis of the impurities of Na + , K + , and the content of tetramethylammonium in the tetramethylammonium reagents.
THE FORMATION OF THE AMBULANCE SERVICE IN THE TERRITORY OF SOVIET BELARUS (1919–1939)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Article contains analysis of the ambulance service`s development in Soviet Belarus during the interbellum period. Major factors that caused the emergency medical care origins and evolution were highlighted. Author divided the studied period in three stages: “epidemic”, “institutional” and “technogenic” that influenced the ambulance service development. Author underlined a huge role of sanitary transport modernization that became the most important factor of emergency medical care development during the studied period.
Antiulcer Activity of the Root Bark ofOroxylum indicum. Against Experimental Gastric Ulcers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The current study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the root bark of Oroxylum indicum. Vent. (Bignoniaceae) against experimental gastric ulcers. The 50% alcohol extract of root bark of Oroxylum indicum. and its different fractions, viz., petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n.-butanol, were studied (p.o.) against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. The alcohol extract (300 mg/kg) and its different fractions (100 and 300 mg/kg) showed significant reduction in gastric ulceration. Out of all these fractions, the petroleum ether (96%) and n.-butanol (99%) fractions showed maximum inhibition of gastric lesions against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. The results were comparable with omeprazole (reference standard). In the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model, treatment with both the active fractions and omeprazole showed significant antioxidant activity as evident from the reduction in the extent of lipid peroxidation that was measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA), along with significant rise in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione levels (GSH), when compared with the control group. In 6-h pylorus-ligated animals, active fractions of drug at 100 mg/kg showed significant reduction in the ulcer index. Furthermore, in the pylorus-ligation model, significant reduction (p < 0.05) was observed in total acidity, total acid output, pepsin activity, and pepsin output, along with a significant rise in the total carbohydrate to protein ratio (reflecting mucin activity) when compared with the control group. TLC studies revealed the presence of baicalein in the petroleum ether and hydrosylate in n.-butanol fraction. Fingerprinting of both the active fractions was developed by performing HPLC analysis. Baicalein was found to be a major flavonoid present both in petroleum ether and n.-butanol hydrosylate. The mechanism of its antiulcer activity could be attributed to a decrease in gastric acid secretory and antioxidant activities leading to gastric cytoprotection. This activity could be linked to the presence of baicalein in the root bark of the plant.
Bacillus SubtilisD‐AminopeptidaseDppA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The D ‐aminopeptidase DppA, identified in Bacillus species, represents the prototype of a separate family of dinuclear zinc proteases. The catalytic domain of the enzyme comprises a Rossmann‐like α/β/α‐fold that coordinates two zinc ions near the C‐terminal edge of a six‐stranded parallel β‐sheet. Despite the lack in sequence and structural homology, the zinc coordination is highly similar to that found in established dinuclear zinc proteases. Furthermore, DppA forms a decameric molecule that encloses a central cavity that sequesters the 10 active sites. The architecture of the complex strongly resembles that found in a group of enzymes known as self‐compartmentalizing proteases, with bacterial and eukaryotic proteasomes as most characteristic examples.
A Novel Online Generalized Possibilistic Clustering Algorithm for Big Data Processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper a novel efficient online possibilistic c-means clustering algorithm, called Online Generalized Adaptive Possibilistic C-Means (O-GAPCM), is presented. The algorithm extends the abilities of the Adaptive Possibilistic C-Means (APCM) algorithm, allowing the study of cases where the data form compact and hyper-ellipsoidally shaped clusters in the feature space. In addition, the algorithm performs online processing, that is the data vectors are processed one-by-one and their impact is memorized to suitably defined parameters. It also embodies new procedures for creating new clusters and merging existing ones. Thus, O-GAPCM is able to unravel on its own the number and the actual hyper-ellipsoidal shape of the physical clusters formed by the data. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of O-GAPCM both in terms of accuracy and time efficiency.
The challenge of sustainable Local Economic Development : is there a missing ingredient?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

South Africa is a resource rich country with tremendous development potential. Its capacity to successfully host the World Cup attests to this. However, South Africa can do much better. The role of effective leadership, institutions and entrepreneurship are critical. Implementing a local development strategy, however, faces the constraints of good governance in the social, political and economic aspects of our lives. We find there is no 'one size fits all' development policy or strategy. Economic development is a complex interplay of the various stakeholders' views of local economic development. Mindful of the mistakes of other nations, we maintain it is in the market place of creative ideas that better ways forward for South Africa, and Africa, are to be found.
Legendary Ireland : A Journey Through Celtic Places and Myths

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This title visits 28 richly atmospheric sites and tells the mythological stories associated with them. Woven into these landscapes are tales of love and betrayal, greed and courage, passion and revenge, featuring the famous characters of Celtic lore, such as Cu Chulainn, the children of Lir and Queen Maeve. The historical and archaeological facts, and the folk traditions of each ancient site are explored. Some are famous such as Tara and Newgrange; others are less well known but equally captivating such as the Beara Peninsula in Cork. In a world where many have lost touch with the land and their past, the legendary Irish landscape still survives and the stories are never quite over as long as there are people to tell them.
Method for the Assessment of Potential in Distribution Logistics

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Besides in production – where optimization is often used- also optimization of distribution logistics has a great potential for increasing competitiveness of companies. When searching for optimization, also in the distribution logistics numerous interactions must be considered. Companies have to search for the potentials of improvement with as little expenditure as possible and weigh them. For the assessment of the potentials, companies require an adequate method. Hence, in this paper a description of the demand for research will be given as well as an outline of the procedure for development of a suitable method which can be performed quickly and with reasonable expenditure and which considers the interactions.
Low temperature EPR spectroscopic characterization of the interaction of cytochrome P-450cam with a spin label analog of metyrapone.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The interaction between cytochrome P-450,-and a spin-labeled analog (l-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperdinyl nicotinate; RNO) of the inhibitor metyrapone (2-methyl-1,2-di-3-pyridyl-l-propanone) has been studied by both optical absorbance and EPR spectroscopy.RNO was shown to bind to cytochrome P-450,,, competitively with the substrate camphor.In buffer with and without detergent, optical absorbance spectroscopy was used to measure the binding constant for camphor and the ratio of this value for RNO and camphor.The calculated value for RNO in the presence of detergent is 1.9 2 0.2 X IO4 M-'.In the presence of detergent, the concentration of RNO, measured by EPR, obeyed a simple binding equation at both 300 K and 103 K, and KRNO (1.2 k 0.2 and 1.8 rt; 0.3 X lo4 M-') calculated from these data agreed well with the value determined optically.Measurement of the concentration of the RNO-cytochrome P-450,-complex using EPR spectroscopy at 103 K confirmed the value of KWO.At 103 K, asymmetric doublets are present in the "cytochrome P-450" region of the EPR spectrum of the RNO-cytochrome P-450,,, complex and are consistent with a dipole-dipole interaction between the paramagnetic ferric ion and the nitroxide residue of the spin label.Computer simulation of this part of the EPR spectrum of the RNO-cytochrome P-450,,, complex precisely reproduced the experimental spectrum when the nitroxide residue was assumed to be 5.7 & 0.2 A from the hemin iron.These results are consistent with the RNO being bound to the hemin iron via the pyridine nitrogen and motion of the remainder of the molecule being relatively restricted.Optical absorbance spectroscopy has played an important role in the characterization of the reaction center of the monooxygenase cytochrome P-450.'
Prediction of High-Risk Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Recurrence Based on Delta-CT Radiomics Modeling: A 3-Year Follow-up Study After Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Medium- to high-risk classification-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (MH-GIST) have a high recurrence rate and are difficult to treat. This study aims to predict the recurrence of MH-GIST within 3 years after surgery based on clinical data and preoperative Delta-CT Radiomics modeling. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical imaging data of 242 cases confirmed to have MH-GIST after surgery, including 92 cases of recurrence and 150 cases of normal. The training set and test set were established using a 7:3 ratio and time cutoff point. In the training set, multiple prediction models were established based on clinical data of MH-GIST and the changes in radiomics texture of enhanced computed tomography (CT) at different time periods (Delta-CT radiomics). The area under curve (AUC) values of each model were compared using the Delong test, and the clinical net benefit of the model was tested using decision curve analysis (DCA). Then, the model was externally validated in the test set, and a novel nomogram predicting the recurrence of MH-GIST was finally created. Results: Univariate analysis confirmed that tumor volume, tumor location, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), diabetes, spicy hot pot, CT enhancement mode, and Radscore 1/2 were predictive factors for MH-GIST recurrence ( P < .05). The combined model based on these above factors had significantly higher predictive performance (AUC = 0.895, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.839-0.937]) than the clinical data model (AUC = 0.735, 95% CI = [0.6 62-0.800]) and radiomics model (AUC = 0.842, 95% CI = [0.779-0.894]). Decision curve analysis also confirmed the higher clinical net benefit of the combined model, and the same results were validated in the test set. The novel nomogram developed based on the combined model helps predict the recurrence of MH-GIST. Conclusions: The nomogram of clinical and Delta-CT radiomics has important clinical value in predicting the recurrence of MH-GIST, providing reliable data reference for its diagnosis, treatment, and clinical decision-making.
Art, Science and Communities of Practice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Through editorials such as Bob Root-Bernstein’s ArtScience “manifesto” in Leonardo Vol. 44, No. 3 (2011), Leonardo has long encouraged a broader and more inclusive understanding of the subtle interplay between science and art, and the belief that as individuals and cultural agents we all blend both aspects in our respective fields of endeavor. However, discourse and collaboration across the arts, sciences and humanities is not yet a mature and fully effective process. The authors contribute to this debate by drawing on elements of their Project Dialogue research program, set alongside published accounts of experiences at earlier U.K. art-science programs, to sketch out a theoretical framework that could inform ArtScience through a re-formulated cultural model of knowledge encompassing art and science.
Shuttle Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Operational Enhancements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An EMU program activity is considered aimed at achieving a 25 percent reduction in ground turnaround man-hours and processing time between missions and extending EVA on-orbit capabilities. Tasks being implemented with expected benefits to NASA-manned spaceflight programs are identified and described. It is concluded that the EMU enhancements made to increase durability and reduce ground processing time will also provide the capability for on-orbit suit resizing and make possible the extension of the present on-orbit certification limit from 3 to 5 EVAs.
Determinants of Adoption of Improved Rice Production Technologies in Ebonyi State of Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ebonyi State is a major rice producing State in Southeast Nigeria. In recent times, rice production in the area has fallen short of the demand due to low yield ascribed to low adoption of improved production technologies disseminated by the Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) of the State. This study was undertaken to investigate the determinants of adoption of improved rice production technologies in Ebonyi State of Nigeria. Multi-stage random and systematic sampling techniques were used to select a total of 240 (two hundred and fourty) rice farmers from the three agricultural zones of the State. Primary data were collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire and interview schedule; and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result obtained shows that rice farmers in Ebonyi State are aware of field-level improved rice production technologies such as the use of improved varieties (91.67%), use of agrochemicals (87.50%), zero tillage (85.42%), fertilizer application (83.33%) e.t.c. but, experienced gap in knowledge down the production value chain. The result of multiple regression analysis indicates a high co-efficient of multiple determination, R 2 of 76.6 percent was obtained. This indicates that about 76.6 percent of the variation in level of adoption of improved rice production technologies is influenced by the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. Most of the independent variables met a priori expectations and were statistically significant at 5% and 1% levels of significance. Such variables that determine the adoption of these technologies include: gender, age, marital status, household size, e.t.c. A null hypothesis tested at 5% level of significance was rejected while its alternative was accepted. This implies that the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents do have significant effect on the level of adoption of improved rice production technologies. The result of factor analysis identified such constraints as: human/technology attributes, technical constraint, financial constraints, and poor institutional support as major constraints to adoption of improved rice production technologies in the State. Necessary recommendations such as designing farm-level technologies that reflect the socio-economic attributes, active participation of youths in agricultural empowerment interventions and complementing agricultural innovations with proper institutional framework for credit mobilization were made. Keywords: Adoption, Rice Technologies, Farmers, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
MEF2 activity is required for maintenance of endothelial barrier function and vessel integrity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transcription factors of the MEF2 family are critical regulators of the development and physiology of several organ systems. We are investigating their role in the endothelium by the combined endothelial‐specific deletion of Mef2c and global deletion of Mef2a. This results in hemorrhage and death during embryonic development, indicating that the MEF2s are required for vessel integrity. We explored the possibility that the MEF2s are critical for endothelial barrier function by blocking MEF2 activity in a mature monolayer of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) with an adenovirus expressing a dominant negative MEF2 (DN‐MEF2). Expression of DN‐MEF2 decreased the barrier function of EC monolayers as assessed by changes in transendothelial resistance (TEER) beginning 30 hrs post infection and produced gaps in the endothelial junctions as assessed by immunofluorescence to ZO‐1 and VE‐cadherin. We also found that the thrombin‐induced increase in permeability was enhanced by DN‐MEF2 prior to the onset of increased basal permeability. These results demonstrate that the MEF2s play a role in the regulation of endothelial monolayer integrity. RO1‐HL77870
Cytohistopathological evaluation of salivary gland lesions in tertiary care center of Eastern Nepal

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Salivary gland tumors consist of a group of heterogeneous lesion with complex clinicopathological characteristics. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology has been used as a quick, non-invasive diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesion of salivary gland. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to perform the cytopathological evaluation of minor and major salivary gland lesions (neoplastic and non-neoplastic) in terms of its various types, frequency, site, demographic distribution and to correlate with histopathology findings whenever available. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based 3-year study in which 155 cases of patient underwent FNA cytology for salivary gland swelling (non-neoplastic and neoplastic) of which seven cases were excluded due to scant and inadequate aspirate, and thus, only 148 cases were included in this study and histopathological correlation was available in 42 cases. Any metastatic lesion, repeat samples from same patient were excluded from the study. Results: Out of 148 cases, male patients were 72 (49%) and female patients were 76 (51%) with M: F ratio of 0.9:1. Benign lesion was commonly seen in 31–40 years, non-neoplastic lesion at 41–60 years (n=18, 37.6%), and malignant lesions at 61–90 years (n=9, 37.5%). Parotid was the most common salivary gland involved by neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesion accounting 65.5% (n=97) followed by submandibular gland 29.7% (n=34). Pleomorphic adenoma was most frequently diagnosed among all salivary gland lesions (60%). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma outnumbered the category (14%) of malignant salivary gland lesion. On histopathology correlation, 33 cases were correctly diagnosed in cytopathology whereas 9 cases showed discordant result. FNA cytology sensitivity was 66.6%, specificity was 93.3%, positive predictive value was 80.0%, and negative predictive value was 87.5%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy was found to be 85.7%. Conclusion: Cytopathology examination of salivary gland can be used as safe and reliable method in primary diagnosis of lesions of salivary gland.
Topological Entropy of Quantum Hall States in Rotating Bose Gases

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Through exact numerical diagonalization, the von Neumann entropy is calculated for the Laughlin and Pfaffian quantum Hall states in rotating interacting Bose gases at zero temperature in the lowest Landau level limit. The particles comprising the states are indistinguishable, so the required spatial bipartitioning is effected by tracing over a subset of single-particle orbitals. The topological entropy is then extracted through a finite-size scaling analysis. The results for the Laughlin and the Pfaffian states agree with the expected values of $\ln\sqrt{2}$ and $\ln\sqrt{4}$, respectively.