jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Managing Sleep Bruxism: A Randomized and Placebo—Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) for managing sleep bruxism (SB) in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Thirty SB subjects were randomly assigned into two groups evenly. The placebo group received saline injections into each masseter muscle, and the treatment group received BoNT-A injections into each masseter muscle. Audio–video–polysomnographic recordings in the sleep laboratory were made before, at four weeks after, and at 12 weeks after injection. Sleep and SB parameters were scored according to the diagnostic and coding manual of American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The change of sleep and SB parameters were investigated using repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). Twenty-three subjects completed the study (placebo group 10, treatment group 13). None of the SB episode variables showed a significant time and group interaction (p > 0.05) except for electromyography (EMG) variables. The peak amplitude of EMG bursts during SB showed a significant time and group interaction (p = 0.001). The injection decreased the peak amplitude of EMG bursts during SB only in the treatment group for 12 weeks (p < 0.0001). A single BoNT-A injection cannot reduce the genesis of SB. However, it can be an effective management option for SB by reducing the intensity of the masseter muscle.
Foreign Intelligence Liaison: Devils, Deals, and Details

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsJennifer E. Sims Dr. Jennifer E. Sims, a Professorial Lecturer at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, was Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence Coordination from 1994 to 1998, and the State Department's first Coordinator for Intelligence Resources and Planning from 1998–2001. Previously, she was a defense and foreign policy advisor to then-U.S. Senator John Danforth (R., Missouri). She is coeditor, with Burton Gerber, of Transforming U.S. Intelligence (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2005). In 1998, Dr. Sims was awarded the National Intelligence Community's Distinguished Service Medal by then-Director of Central Intelligence George J. Tenet.
Homology of the three flag Hilbert scheme

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove the existence of an affine paving for the three-step flag Hilbert scheme $$ \text{Hilb}^{n, n+1, n+2}(0) := \left\{\mathbb{C}[[x,y]]\supset I_n\supset I_{n+1}\supset I_{n+2}: I_i \,\,\text{ ideals with } \text{dim}_{\mathbb{C}} {\mathbb{C}[x,y]}/{I_i} = i \right\} $$ of 0-dimensional subschemes that are supported at the origin of $\mathbb{C}^2$. This is done by showing that the space stratifies in smooth subvarieties, the Hilbert-Samuel's strata, each of which has an affine paving with cells of known dimension, indexed by marked Young diagrams. The affine pavings of the Hilbert-Samuel's strata allow us to prove that the Poincaré polynomials for $\text{Hilb}^{n,n+1, n+2}(0)$ satisfy:$$ \sum_{n\geq 0} P_q\left(\text{Hilb}^{n,n+1, n+2}(0)\right) z^n = \frac{q+1}{(1-zq)(1-z^2q^2)}\,\, \prod_{k\geq 1} \frac{1}{1-z^kq^{k-1}}. $$ In the process of proving this formula we relate combinatorially the homology of our spaces with that of known subspaces of $\text{Hilb}^{n+1, n+3}(0)$. As a corollary we find an affine paving and a formula for the generating function of the Poincaré polynomials of $\text{Hilb}^{n, n+2}(0)$ for all $n\in \mathbb{N}$.
Investigating the antioxidant potential of Turkish herbs and spices

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Herbs and spices have been used for many purposes including medicine, flavorings, and preservatives, etc. Constituents of herbs and spices can function as natural antioxidants and thus improve human nutrition and health. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 35 different Turkish herbs and spices and to determine their antioxidant activity. Total phenolics, flavonoids, and total antioxidant capacities by four different methods including ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and CUPRAC were analyzed. The correlation coefficients (R2) between spectrophotometric assays were calculated. Wide variation in total phenolics (TP: 0.36 to 104 mg GAE g−1), flavonoids (TF: 0.44 to 53.7 mg CE g−1) and antioxidant capacity (TAC: 0.88 to 1007 mg TE g−1) was observed. Clove (E. caryophyllata), yarrow (A. millefolium) and rosemary (R. officinalis) showed the highest TP, TF and TAC values respectively, whereas mahaleb (P. mahaleb) showed the lowest TP and TAC. The relationships between TP, TF and TAC generally indicated a weak correlation, ranging from R2=0.163 (between ABTS and CUPRAC) to R2=0.760 (between FRAP and CUPRAC). This study provides direct comparative data on TP, TF and TAC of the 35 commonly consumed herbs and spices in Turkey.
Proteomics and phosphoproteomics datasets of a muscle-specific STIM1 loss-of-function mouse model.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

STIM1 is an ER/SR transmembrane protein that interacts with ORAI1 to activate store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) upon ER/SR depletion of calcium. Normally highly expressed in skeletal muscle, STIM1 deficiency causes significant changes to mitochondrial ultrastructure that do not occur with loss of ORAI1 or other components of SOCE. The datasets in this article are from large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics experiments in an inducible mouse model of skeletal muscle-specific STIM1 knock out (KO). These data reveal statistically significant changes in the relative abundance of specific proteins and sites of protein phosphorylation in STIM1 KO gastrocnemius. Protein samples from five biological replicates of each condition (+/- STIM1) were enzymatically digested, the resulting peptides labeled with tandem mass tag (TMT) reagents, mixed, and fractionated. Phosphopeptides were enriched and a small amount of each input retained for protein abundance analysis. All phosphopeptide and input fractions were analyzed by nano LC-MS/MS on a Q Exactive Plus Orbitrap mass spectrometer, searched with Proteome Discoverer software, and processed with in-house R-scripts for data normalization and statistical analysis.
Contact Force Distribution Using Centroidal Momentum Feedback for Quadruped Locomotion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a method to distribute contact forces to eliminate undesired torso orientation fluctuations and regulate heading during dynamic quadruped trot-walking motion. The proposed method makes use of centroidal momentum, an essential physical quantity in characterizing the whole-body behavior and overall balance of the robot. The contact forces are computed using centroidal momentum feedback and injected into the locomotion controller via virtual model control, which can render virtual forces to regulate robot-environment interaction. In combining the virtual model control and centroidal momentum feedback, one can attain dynamically feasible contact force distribution, a key objective in controlling dynamic quadruped locomotion. In order to validate the proposed method, a series of simulation experiments were conducted using a realistic model of our quadruped robot Kara. As a result, we obtained dynamically consistent trot-walking behavior in which torso orientation and heading were well regulated.
Leucocytosis is not a manifestation of rejection.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The leucocyte response to allograft rejection was retrospectively analysed in 80 rejection episodes that occurred in 50 patients. There was no significant change in leucocyte count in 32 rejection episodes. In 27 there was a fall in leucocyte count of more than 20% and in only 21 was there a rise in count of more than 20%. Thus leucocytosis seems not to be a manifestation of rejection; indeed, it is the least common response, a fall in the count being commoner. The results also suggest that the prognosis for the graft is poorer when the leucocyte count falls significantly.
Assessment of the visual pathways in patients with neurofibromatosis-1 by 3S-space technique with 3-Tesla MRI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/aim: We aimed to evaluate the size/tortuosity of the optic nerve (ON) and the dilatation of the ON sheath (ONS) in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) patients with 3T-MRI, and to assess the usefulness of 3D-SPACE in imaging the optic pathway, ON, and ONS in NF-1 patients. Materials and methods: Twenty consecutive NF-1 patients without optic pathway glioma (OPG) (Group 1), 16 consecutive NF-1 patients with OPG (Group 2), and 19 controls were included in this study. The thickness and tortuosity of the ON and the diameter of the ONS were measured on STIR and 3D-SPACE images. Results: The thickness of the ON was similar in all groups on STIR images (P&gt;0.05). The mean ONS diameter was higher in Group 2 with this sequence (P=0.009). Controls had significantly lower grades of ON tortuosity than Groups 1 and 2 (P=0.001), and Group 1 had significantly lower ON tortuosity compared to Group 2 (P=0.001). Severe tortuosity was only detected in Group 2. Conclusion: ON tortuosity and ONS diameter were increased in NF-1 patients in the presence of OPG. High-resolution cranium imaging with the 3D-SPACE technique using 3T-MRI seems to be helpful for detection of the optic pathway morphology and pathologies in NF-1 patients.
Scalable Production of Peptides for Enhanced Struvite Formation via Expression on the Surface of Genetically Engineered Microbes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A promising method for recycling phosphate from wastewater is through precipitation of struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), a slow-release fertilizer. Peptides have been shown to increase the yield of struvite formation, but producing peptides via solid phase synthesis is cost prohibitive. This work investigates the effects of peptide-expressing bacteria on struvite precipitation to provide a sustainable and cost-efficient means to enhance struvite precipitation. A peptide known for increased struvite yield was expressed on a membrane protein in Escherichia coli(E. coli), and then 5 mL precipitation reactions were performed in 50 mL culture tubes for at least 15 min. The yield of struvite crystals was examined, with the presence of peptide-expressing E. coli inducing significantly higher yields than nonpeptide-expressing E. coli when normalized to the amount of bacteria. The precipitate was identified as struvite through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, while the morphology and size of the crystals were analyzed through optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Crystals were found to have a larger area when precipitated with the peptide-expressing bacteria. Additionally, bacteria–struvite samples were thermogravimetrically analyzed to quantify their purity and determine their thermal decomposition behavior. Overall, this study presents the benefits of a novel, microbe-driven method of struvite precipitation, offering a means for scalable implementation.
Mechanistic Studies of Toluene Destruction in Diffusion Flames

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The concentrations of stable species in an atmospheric-pressure, laminar diffusion flame burning a fuel mixture of methane and toluene (1 mole percent) were measured using a microprobe gas sampling/mass spectrometer system. These measurements are compared to results from a flame burning pure methane under identical temperature and flow conditions. In each of the flames studied little or no change is observed in the peak concentrations of a number of major chemical species such as water, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Small increases occurred in the peak concentrations of hydrogen, acetylene, methylacetylene, vinylacetylene, diacetylene, and butadiene. The presence of increased amounts of these products suggests limited decomposition of the benzyl or phenyl radicals which are likely initial intermediates of aromatic pyrolysis. Relatively larger increases occurred in the peak concentrations of a number or aromatic compounds including phenylacetylene, styrene, and naphthalene. For the toluene flame, the largest absolute differences in peak concentrations were observed for benzene and ethylbenzene. However, a steady state analysis for the concentration of benzyl radical leads to the conclusion that ethylbenzene is most likely formed from the reaction of benzyl and methyl radicals in a highly reversible process. Thus, the dominant toluene destruction pathway appears to be via benzene production. Additional experiments were performed in which the toluene was replaced with benzene, styrene, ethylbenzene or deuterated toluene. Increases in the amount of soot formed in the toluene doped flame are qualitatively observed, A calculation of mass balance for the carbon added to the flame as toluene suggests high conversion efficiency for toluene into soot at heights above 10 mm from the burner surface. The production of soot early in this flame suggests the rapid conversion of aromatic radicals, formed in the initial steps of toluene pyrolysis, into species directly along the growth pathway leading to multiple ring structures and eventually soot particles.
S.H.M.O. Wage-freeze?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Virus isolation tests on 72 sudden unexplained infant deaths and 34 cases of explained death showed that 42 and 29% respectively had virus infections. A wide range of viruses was encountered, mainly enteroviruses and adenoviruses, mostly from bowel specimens. The findings did not suggest that overwhelming virus infection was a common feature of sudden death in infancy.
Predictors of 1-Year Global Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury Among Older Adults: A NIDILRR Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To assess predictors of global function and driving status among older adults (50 years and older) who survived 1 year following inpatient rehabilitation for moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Functional status at 1-year post-TBI was determined for 1,845 individuals. The relationship age category to function was studied using associations and predictive modeling. Results: The final model accounted for 34% variance in Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) among 60- to 69-year-olds and 70- to 79-year-olds, and 25% variance in 50- to 59-year-olds and 80+-year-olds. FIM Motor at rehabilitation discharge made the greatest contribution to GOS-E variance across all age groups. Inpatient rehabilitation discharge to nursing home or adult home and rehospitalization were associated with a one-level decrease in GOS-E. Alcohol use predicted lower GOS-E among the 70- to 79-year-olds. Gender, ethnicity, and rehospitalizations were negatively associated driving. Discussion: Rehabilitation approaches to older adults with TBI may help maximize function and, thereby, improve later outcomes and decrease rehospitlaizations. Such strategies may include longer and more intensive acute rehabilitation with greater patient engagement and enhanced transitions of care.
MORPHO-CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RESISTANCE BACTERIA TO VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF Cr CATIONS

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

This study examines the sensitivity and viability of various microbial strains – Bacillus paralicheniformis 10, Bacillus cereus 17, Bacillus thuringiensis 94, and Pseudomonas putida 133 – to different concentrations of chromium ions. The results indicate that these local bacterial strains demonstrate potential effect in the bioremediation of soils contaminated with chromium ions.
Zambia - The Social Recovery Project's Community Initiatives Component

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Social Recovery Project (SRP) supports small, simple and locally-generated community-based projects that improve infrastructure and service delivery to the poor during the adjustment period in Zambia. Communities themselves prioritize their needs, identify solutions, organize themselves, contribute in cash and kind and initiate activities that provide solutions to their problems. The first community-based project was financed by the first Social Recovery Project in early 1992. The second Social Recovery Project was negotiated and became effective in 1995. In 1997 two further facilities were made available for community-based roads and environment projects. The Microprojects Unit (MPU), based in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, provides the institutional base of the Social Recovery Project. The MPU is a small semi-autonomous unit with a network of regional offices throughout the country, which support and facilitate district and community activities.
Certification of Reference Materials for Engineering Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Harmonisation of materials testing approaches is a prerequisite for global comparability of data on materials properties. Because the development of standardised procedures is often not sufficient to obtain mutual confidence in measurement results, an increasing number of laboratories and companies is choosing to work under particular accreditation schemes. Recent developments in the accreditation of materials testing laboratories have increased the significance of reference materials in general and certified reference materials in particular. This paper shows examples of certified reference materials (CRMs) produced at IRMM in the field of engineering materials. The Charpy impact test us used as an example to explain how CRMs can be used to assess measurement uncertainty.
A lateral approach allows accurate and stable total elbow replacement in dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract OBJECTIVE Evaluate whether total elbow replacement (TER) through a lateral approach is accurate and stable. ANIMALS 12 skeletally mature large-breed dog cadavers were used. METHODS Limb alignment, elbow joint motion, and collateral ligament laxity were evaluated preoperatively. The order of surgery (left or right) and the approach (lateral or medial) were randomly selected for TER in each dog. The other approach was used in the contralateral elbow. Intraoperative technical difficulties, duration of surgery, and anatomic complications were recorded. Limb alignment, elbow joint motion, collateral ligament laxity, and prosthetic component alignment were evaluated after surgery. Data were collected from June 11 to 15, 2023. RESULTS The duration of surgery using a lateral or medial approach did not differ ( P = .499). Anatomic complications were not observed. The lateral approach resulted in 8° more elbow extension ( P = .003), 1.58° less lateral collateral ligament constraint ( P = .033), 2.80° less medial collateral ligament constraint ( P = .002), 4.38° less frontal plane constraint ( P = .004), 8° greater humeral component inclination ( P = .033), and 5.6° greater radioulnar component varus ( P = .001) than the medial approach. Varus of the radius, mechanical axis deviation, limb supination, elbow flexion, mediolateral humeral component and craniocaudal radioulnar component orientation did not differ among joints operated using a lateral or medial approach. In normal cadaveric elbows, a lateral approach for TER appears feasible, producing equivalent limb alignment, joint laxity, and joint motion to normal elbows and to TER placed using a medial approach. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In dogs, TER can be performed using a lateral surgical approach.
Heterogeneous Ozonolysis of Squalene: Gas-Phase Products Depend on Water Vapor Concentration

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Previous work examining the condensed-phase products of squalene particle ozonolysis found that an increase in water vapor concentration led to lower concentrations of secondary ozonides, increased concentrations of carbonyls, and smaller particle diameter, suggesting that water changes the fate of the Criegee intermediate. To determine if this volume loss corresponds to an increase in gas-phase products, we measured gas-phase volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations via proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Studies were conducted in a flow-tube reactor at atmospherically relevant ozone (O3) exposure levels (5-30 ppb h) with pure squalene particles. An increase in water vapor concentration led to strong enhancement of gas-phase oxidation products at all tested O3 exposures. An increase in water vapor from near zero to 70% relative humidity (RH) at high O3 exposure increased the total mass concentration of gas-phase VOCs by a factor of 3. The observed fraction of carbon in the gas-phase correlates with the fraction of particle volume lost. Experiments involving O3 oxidation of shirts soiled with skin oil confirms that the RH dependence of gas-phase reaction product generation occurs similarly on surfaces containing skin oil under realistic conditions. Similar behavior is expected for O3 reactions with other surface-bound organics containing unsaturated carbon bonds.
The comparative analysis of economic and mathematical approaches to the assessment of state regional policy: Advantages and limitations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aim. The work aimed to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the models used in Russian and international practice to assess the effects of implementing state regional policy. Objectives. The work seeks to analyze Russian and international practice of applying economic and mathematical approaches to assessing the effects of implementing state policy (econometric models, input-output balance models, computable general equilibrium models), as well as to identify the specifics and limitations of these approaches. Methods. The study employed general scientific methods (classification and comparative analysis) to obtain the scientific provisions formulated in the article. Results. The basic economic and mathematical models used to assess the effects of implementing state regional policy are econometric models (systems of simultaneous equations and models of cause-and-effect relationships), input-output balance models, and computable general equilibrium models. Simultaneous equation systems are used to construct an interval forecast of endogenous variables of the model based on known or assumed values of exogenous variables characterizing the economic policy implemented. Econometric models of cause-and-effect relationships enable to identify and justify the effects of economic decisions on the model endogenous variables. In the input-output balance models, the estimates of effects are mainly associated with the production field; they are calculated for gross output and added value. Such models are easily reproduced, but are limited by the mathematical specification of the economy production structure. The advantages of computable general equilibrium models include a high level of detailed elaboration of the economic system, the ability to calculate effects for various institutional sectors and spatial objects. Conclusions. Computable general equilibrium models are the most informative for analyzing structural changes in the regional economy when implementing public policy measures. In this regard, the authors recommend the development and use of models of this class in the formation of financial and economic justification and assessment of the consequences of the developed and implemented measures of state regional policy.