jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Targeted dietary approaches for the management of obesity and severe obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary There is a need for a detailed understanding of effective dietary interventions for children with obesity. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of diets of varying energy content as a component of weight treatment in children and adolescents with obesity, severe obesity and obesity‐related comorbidity. A systematic search of six databases, from 2000 to 2021, for intervention studies of targeted dietary treatment for obesity in children aged 2–18 years identified 125 studies. Dietary interventions were grouped according to diet type and energy target. Risk of bias was assessed using the Effective Public Healthcare Panacea Project assessment tool. Meta‐analysis examined change in body mass index (BMI) at intervention end. A broad array of diet types were effective at reducing BMI in children with obesity. When dietary types were considered by energy target, a gradient effect was observed. Very‐low energy diets were most effective with a − 4.40 kg/m 2 ( n = 3; 95% CI –7.01 to −1.79). While dietary interventions with no specified energy target were ineffective, resulting in a BMI gain of +0.17 kg/m 2 ( n = 22; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.40). Practical definitions of dietary energy target in the management of obesity and severe obesity are urgently required to ensure treatment seeking children have timely access to efficacious interventions.
Development of a product design system using a knowledge sorting process

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Knowledge sorting is one way to organize the knowledge acquired from the domain expert(s) and various sources. The development of a product design system is facilitated by the implementation of knowledge sorting process. The extraction of rule from knowledge becomes easier with the knowledge sorting process. Three phases based on relationships between attributes and factors, interrelationships between factors and relationships between dependent and independent variables are developed after the general sorting. The process is illustrated by applying it to the development of a product design system for helical compression springs.
DynamicRiskMeasures forDiscrete-time Process

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

subadditivity andtranslation invariance withconvexity, whilekepttheoriginal monotonicity andpositive Inthis paper, weestablish aclass ofdynamic riskhomogeneity. measures forevaluating discrete-time process. Our Although great achievements havebeenmadeinthe research ismostly concentrated ontheproperties of field ofaxiomatic theory ofrisk measures, they share the dynamic risk measures. Theproperties ofrisk measurescommon restriction thatthey areallone-period risk inthestatic framework, areintroduced into thedynamicmeasures. Thatistosaythey areallconstructed inthe risk measures framework. Wepresent theconception of static framework. There areatleast three reasonswhy capital requirement fordiscrete-time process tomeasuresingle-period treatment ofa multi-period problem can therisk inthedynamic framework. Inparticular, fourof leadtofinancial disasters. Firstly, inmanyapplications, axioms about dynamic risk measures havebeenproposedrisks areinherently multi-period duetointermediate cash inthethird section. Weestablish strong, middle andpoorflows. Forexample, afinancial position infutures results consistency properties toshowourefforts inthe inacashfloweveryday duetomarking tomarket[5]. If mathematics description ofthedynamic risk measure of theliquidation period oftheposition ismore than one discrete-time process. day, these cashflows occurovertimeuntil theposition is liquidated. Mostofpractical casesillustrate how
Instantaneous single-phase system power demonstration using virtual two phase theory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper deals with the virtual approach and application of orthogonal transform theory, used for ordinary single-phase system to its transformation into equivalent two-axes system. It is well known that the analysis of multiphase systems can be more simple using the Park/Clarke transform into two-axis stationary (α, β) or rotary (d, q) reference frame. The above transform can be used for electrical machines as well as for power electronic systems. The projection of time state-space vector for any quantity of symmetrical three-phase system in Gauss complex plane (α + jβ) shows out six-side symmetry of vector quantity trajectory. Then, analysis of such system can be focused on the interval equal to 1/6 of the time period only. It is clear that when using similar transform of single-phase quantity into equivalent two-axes orthogonal system it will be possible to use all advantages as in three-phase transformed system with respect of 4-side symmetry instead of 6-side of previous case. Analysis in such orthogonal coordinates system will then be identical to the three-phase one under Park/Clarke transform, including determination of instantaneous reactive power. The presented method creates a virtual two-phase system from the original singlephase system by adding a new fictitious phase. The new thought is based on the idea that ordinary singlephase quantity can be complemented by virtual fictitious phase so that both of them will together create orthogonal system, as is usual in three-phase systems. Application of above-mentioned theory makes it possible to use complex methods of analysis as instantaneous reactive power method. Both, the active and reactive powers can be determined by this way. Practical application of the method is outlined for the case of active and reactive power determination for single-phase power active filter, unified power flow controller, and dynamic voltage restorer, Fig.1 [14], [15], [17] – [19]
Analysis and multiple control measures for a typhoid fever disease model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Typhoid fever is one of the diseases that is affecting humanity globally especially in the developing countries where access to clean environment and food are limited. We formulate a dynamical system model to study the effects of multiple control measures (i.e, vaccination, treatment and environmental sanitation) in mitigating typhoid fever disease. The qualitative analysis of our model was carried out accordingly. The impact of introducing the control measures were estimated using appropriate mathematical analysis and numerical simulations.
Responses of Free-ranging Rhesus Monkeys to a Natural Form of Social Separation. I. Parallels with Mother-Infant Separation in Captivity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Observations of 23 free-ranging rhesus monkey infants on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, indicated that mothers' first postpartum estrous periods were marked by large increases in the amount of time infants were separated from their mothers, by disturbances in mother-infant relationships, and by increases in infant distress behavior. When their mothers resumed mating, most infants showed signs of agitation; a few briefly showed indications of depression. Male infants responded to their mothers' resumption of mating by playing more, whereas females engaged in less play and more allogrooming. The results suggest (a) that basic parallels exist between the behavioral responses of rhesus infants to their mothers' resumption of mating in the field and to forcible separation from their mothers in captivity and (b) that early separation experiences may play a role in the normal development or manifestation of sex differences in behavior.
Flora of Gadag District Karnataka

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Flora of Gadag District, Karnataka, a work based on intensive fieldwork and laboratory studies contains descriptions of 815 species of flowering plants belonging to 518 genera and 113 families. The book has also a number of coloured photographs and line illustrations. Taxonomic key is also been provided for easy identification of family, genus and species. This book will meet the needs of students, teachers, researchers and those interested in the plant biodiversity of Gadag District, Karnataka.
Comprehensive analysis of protective effects of Loranthus tanakae Franch. and Sav. on ovalbumin-induced atopic dermatitis in mice and TNF- α /INF- γ -stimulated HaCaT cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Loranthus tanakae Franch. and Sav. is a traditional herbal remedy with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, used to treat joint and respiratory inflammation. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of L. tanakae ethanol extract (LTE) on atopic dermatitis (AD). An ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AD animal model and a human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, were used to assess LTE treatment effects on AD. An in vitro experiment showed that LTE treatment significantly decreased the production of regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) cytokines and macrophage-derived chemokines (MDC) in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (TNF-α/IFN-γ)-stimulated HaCaT cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, treatment with LTE markedly reduced the translocation of signal transducer and activator transcription 1 (STAT1) protein to the nucleus and the phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. In the in vivo experiment, administration of LTE significantly decreased the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) of OVA-induced AD mice, which was supported by histological evidence. Moreover, LTE treatment markedly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and edema in the OVA-induced AD mice's damaged lesions. In addition, applying LTE notably inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT1 in the OVA-induced AD mice, supported by in vitro results. In conclusion, LTE effectively alleviated the AD-induced skin inflammation in the OVA-induced AD animal model and TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells; this was related to the suppression of JAK2 and STAT1 phosphorylation. These findings suggest that LTE has potential as a therapeutic agent for AD management.
Corner-based splitting: An improved node splitting algorithm for R-tree

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce an improved method to split overflowed nodes of R-tree spatial index called the Corner Based Splitting (CBS) algorithm. Good splits produce an efficient R-tree which has minimal height, overlap and coverage in each node. The CBS algorithm selects the splitting axis that produces the most even split according to the number of objects, using the distance from each object centre to the nearest node’s MBR corner. Experiments performed using both synthetic and real data files showed obvious performance improvement. The improvement percentage over the Quad algorithm reached 23%, while the improvement percentage over the NR algorithm reached 37%.
Subcellular Localization of the 54-kDa Antigen of Toxoplasma gondii

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A 54-kDa protein antigen of Toxoplasma gondii recently was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to display immunoprotective properties. To determine the subcellular localization of this antigen, a fusion protein containing the 330 carboxy-terminal residues of the sequence coded by cDNA clone Tg34 was expressed in E. coli, purified, and used to raise antibodies in mice. Western blot analysis confirmed that the resulting antibody reacted with the 54-kDa antigen of T. gondii. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron-microscopy showed that the antibody reacted with an antigen localized in the rhoptries, 1 of the organelles of the apical complex of the zoites involved in host cell invasion. Western blot studies using a recombinant fusion protein containing the full amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA clone Tg34 and rhoptry protein-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) previously described showed a reactivity of the recombinant antigen with 2 mAbs (T4 2F8 and T5 2D1) specific for the ROP2 protein, and with a mAb (T3 4A7) directed against an epitope shared by ROP2 and ROP4, but not with a mAb (T2 2H3) specific for the ROP4 protein. We thus conclude that the 54-kDa T. gondii antigen encoded by cDNA clone Tg34 is the previously described rhoptry protein ROP2.
[New treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes: luspatercept and oral hypomethylating agents].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several novel myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) treatment drugs are being developed, and luspatercept and oral hypomethylating medicines have already been licensed in the United States and other countries. Luspatercept is a ligand trap that inhibits SMAD2/3 signals by combining the extracellular domain of the activin type IIA receptor with the human immunoglobulin G1 Fc domain. In the phase 2 study for low-risk MDS, the hematological improvement-erythroid (HI-E) was found in 63% of patients, and in the phase 3 study for transfusion-dependent low-risk MDS with ring sideroblasts, 38% of patients achieved transfusion independence. A combination of oral decitabine with oral cedazuridine, an inhibitor of cytidine deaminase, which metabolizes decitabine, demonstrated pharmacological equivalence with intravenous decitabine and has overall response rates of 60% and 43% for high-risk MDS in phase 2 and 3 trials, respectively. Furthermore, oral azacitidine and its combination with oral cedazuridine have been under development.
DESIGN OF TRANSFORMER LESS UPFC BASED ON MULTI LEVEL INVERTER

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The conventional Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) exists two back 2 back inverters and more complex zigzag transformers for isolation and accomplishment high power & voltage ratings. To overcome these difficulties, two zigzag transformers are wholly eliminated in this place two cascaded multi-level inverters are presented. The single configuration and control of two CMIs as a power flow controller lead to the possible to separately control real and reactive power over a transmission line. The proposed configuration is exceptional features and several advantages over the traditional UPFC such as transformer less, high efficiency, light weight, low cost, high reliability and fast dynamic response. In this work, Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is design to improve the system performance. In this work is done by MATLAB/Simulation model.
Adherence of the Gram-Positive Bacterium Ruminococcus albus to Cellulose and Identification of a Novel Form of Cellulose-Binding Protein Which Belongs to the Pil Family of Proteins

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The adherence of Ruminococcus albus 8 to crystalline cellulose was studied, and an affinity-based assay was also used to identify candidate cellulose-binding protein(s). Bacterial adherence in cellulose-binding assays was significantly increased by the inclusion of either ruminal fluid or micromolar concentrations of both phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acids in the growth medium, and the addition of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to assays decreased the adherence of the bacterium to cellulose. A cellulose-binding protein with an estimated molecular mass following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of ∼21 kDa, designated CbpC, was present in both cellobiose- and cellulose-grown cultures, and the relative abundance of this protein increased in response to growth on cellulose. Addition of 0.1% (wt/vol) CMC to the binding assays had an inhibitory effect on CbpC binding to cellulose, consistent with the notion that CbpC plays a role in bacterial attachment to cellulose. The nucleotide sequence of the cbpC gene was determined by a combination of reverse genetics and genomic walking procedures. The cbpC gene encodes a protein of 169 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 17,655 Da. The amino-terminal third of the CbpC protein possesses the motif characteristic of the Pil family of proteins, which are most commonly involved with the formation of type 4 fimbriae and other surface-associated protein complexes in gram-negative, pathogenic bacteria. The remainder of the predicted CbpC sequence was found to have significant identity with 72- and 75-amino-acid motifs tandemly repeated in the 190-kDa surface antigen protein of Rickettsia spp., as well as one of the major capsid glycoproteins of the Chlorella virus PBCV-1. Northern blot analysis showed that phenylpropionic acid and ruminal fluid increase cbpC mRNA abundance in cellobiose-grown cells. These results suggest that CbpC is a novel cellulose-binding protein that may be involved in adherence of R. albus to substrate and extends understanding of the distribution of the Pil family of proteins in gram-positive bacteria.
Constitutional Jurisdiction and Protection of Fundamental Rights in Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter sketches out the development of (constitutional) courts in Europe into ‘citizen’s courts’, whose main task is to protect fundamental rights. It draws a line from the United States Supreme Court, as the first of its kind, to today’s constitutional courts of Europe, the ECJ and the ECtHR. In doing so, it analyses extensively the growing importance of fundamental rights protection for constitutional courts all over Europe during the twentieth century, in particular after the Second World War. More recently, however, the influence of European law leads to a responsibility of all domestic courts to assess questions of fundamental rights. This makes an intensive dialogue necessary to clarify the distribution of competences and take into account the experience of specialized constitutional courts.
Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Russia, Ukraine andBelarus

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Russia, Ukraine and Belarus lie geographically and geo-economically between the Atlantic core states and the Far East. They are attracted in two directions – by the capital rich Atlantic core, which seeks new locations for investment and by East Asia which wants these countries’ energy supplies, primary and semi processed goods. Thus it is understandable that the present global crisis should have appeared in these countries in the summer and autumn of 2008 first as a collapse of their external commodities markets located mainly in the East, followed quickly by the collapse of their external sources of credit from the West.

My task here is to examine how the present global crisis unfolded in
these three countries, what their common experience has been, and in what
measure it has been distinct for each of them. I don’t believe that the current
crisis is over, far from it. I’ll be looking mainly how at these countries
have faced the crisis and responded to it so far. All of them are now recovering in terms of GDP output, but insofar as this is a truly global crisis, no
one country, no region, let alone one that accounts for less than 2% of world
GDP1 can find a lasting solution to the problems the crisis has thrown up.
Integration, expression, and inheritance of foreign growth hormone gene in {\sl Lepomis cyanellus}

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The coding sequence of the growth hormone gene of the grouper Epinephelus coioides was cloned under the regulation of carp #beta#-actin gene promoter and enhancer, so an “all-fish” recombinant construct pCAecGHc was constructed. Then the construct was microinjected into eggs of Lepomis cyanellus and the transgenic Lepomis cyanellus was produced. Through the detection methods of PCR, PCR-Southern blot, and RT-PCR, the integration and expression of transgene in host fish were determined. The results showed that the integration ratio of transgene was 5.60%-12.26%, and that the transgene was correctly transcribed and expressed in mosaic fashion in host fish. Preliminary culture trials showed that P_(0) of transgenic Lepomis cyanellus grew faster than the non-transgenic siblings with 20%-40%. Two F_(1) lines of transgenic Lepomis cyanellus were obtained by inbreeding and the integration profile of transgene in F_(1) was investigated. The positive rate of transgene in two F_(1) lines was 22.03% and 40.8% respectively. The results suggested that the gonads of P_(0) transgenic Lepomis cyanellus were transgenic mosaics and also provided convincing evidence that the transgene CAecGHc was transmitted to the progeny through the germline.
Modulation method for measurement of thermal resistance of high-power COB LEDs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Modulation method and the device for thermal impedance measuring of power COB LEDs and measurement results are described. The measurements were performed by generic modulation method that implies heating a device under test by power varying harmonically. A pulse sequence of heating current, with the pulse length varying harmonically, is passed through the device under test. The p-n junction temperature is determined by measuring a temperature-sensitive parameter, which is forward voltage drop on the p-n junction between heating pulses at low measuring current. Analysis of the dependence of thermal impedance on modulation frequency allows to determine thermal impedance components corresponding to the structural elements of the object under test. The method allows to significantly reduce the effect of heating the device's case during the measurement, and thereby increase the accuracy of thermal resistance measurement.
Gas Chromatography of Organonitrogen Pesticides, Using a Nitrogen-Specific Detection System

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A gas-liquid chromatographic system with a nitrogen-specific detector was investigated for the determination of 95 organonitrogen pesticides. Each compound was chromatographed, using DC-200 liquid phase on a solid support of 80–100 mesh Chromosorb W (HP). Retention times and response data are given for these pesticides.
VHL Promotes E2 Box-Dependent E-Cadherin Transcription by HIF-Mediated Regulation of SIP1 and Snail

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The product of the von Hippel-Lindau gene (VHL) acts as the substrate-recognition component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that ubiquitylates the catalytic alpha subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) for oxygen-dependent destruction. Although emerging evidence supports the notion that deregulated accumulation of HIF upon the loss of VHL is crucial for the development of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (CC-RCC), the molecular events downstream of HIF governing renal oncogenesis remain unclear. Here, we show that the expression of a homophilic adhesion molecule, E-cadherin, a major constituent of epithelial cell junctions whose loss is associated with the progression of epithelial cancers, is significantly down-regulated in primary CC-RCC and CC-RCC cell lines devoid of VHL. Reintroduction of wild-type VHL in CC-RCC (VHL(-/-)) cells markedly reduced the expression of E2 box-dependent E-cadherin-specific transcriptional repressors Snail and SIP1 and concomitantly restored E-cadherin expression. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of HIFalpha in CC-RCC (VHL(-/-)) cells likewise increased E-cadherin expression, while functional hypoxia or expression of VHL mutants incapable of promoting HIFalpha degradation attenuated E-cadherin expression, correlating with the disengagement of RNA polymerase II from the endogenous E-cadherin promoter/gene. These findings reveal a critical HIF-dependent molecular pathway connecting VHL, an established "gatekeeper" of the renal epithelium, with a major epithelial tumor suppressor, E-cadherin.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐Arylpyridines from 2‐Halopyridines and Various Aryl Halides via a Nickel Catalysis.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.