jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigating Item Bias on the PISA 2009 Reading Assessment: A Case of Macau with Chinese and English Versions.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years, there has been significant increase of regions and countries participating in international large-scale assessments, and this increase is largely due to the extensive information and analysis of the results that are available to the schools, parents, researchers, and educators. Nonetheless, it is questionable whether the results of these international large-scale assessments are reliable, valid, and comparable for different countries. Since most school authorities and educators are interested in using the results of these assessments to enhance the existing school curriculum, educational policy, and program development, the fairness of the assessments and equivalency need to be examined carefully. In this study, a selected sample of the Macau dataset obtained from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009 reading literacy assessment were analyzed to detect potentially biased items using the Mantel-Haenzsel (MH) and item response theory (IRT) methods. Findings indicated that both of the methods commonly identified 5 items that were not working equally across the groups. Limitations and implications were discussed.
Clonal maturation ofCorymbia torelliana × C. citriodorais delayed by minimal-growth storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SummaryMinimal-growth storage may be a simple method to preserve germ plasm while tree varieties undergo clonal selection, but there has previously been little evidence to demonstrate that minimal-growth storage delays maturation. This study assessed the maturation of 10 Corymbia torelliana × C. citriodora clones whose shoots had been stored for 12 months using three different methods: (1) as ex-vitro stock plants in the nursery; (2) in-vitro at 25°C; and (3) in-vitro under minimal-growth conditions at 14°C. Minimal-growth storage increased the subsequent frequency of adventitious rooting in cuttings of 6 of the 10 clones, providing increases in rooted cutting production of between 53% and 163% over ex-vitro nursery storage. Minimal-growth storage also increased adventitious root number in two clones and root mass in four clones. C. torelliana × C. citriodora clones underwent maturation during ex vitro stock plant archiving in the nursery, but in-vitro storage under minimal-growth conditions was highly effective in delaying clonal maturation.
Analytical approach to cogging torque calculation in PM brushless motors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper discusses the approach to analytical calculation of the cogging torque in PM brushless motors. Magnetic field energy in the air gap has been used to calculate the torque. Two equations have been derived: with the PM width taken into account, and simplified equation, i.e., without the effect of the finite width of the PM. The effect of eccentricity has been included too. Analytical results have been compared with laboratory test results.
IS CODEIN A HABIT-FORMING DRUG?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of NR1I2 and ABCB1 Genetic Polymorphisms on Everolimus Pharmacokinetics in Japanese Renal Transplant Patients

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of NR1I2 (7635G>A and 8055C>T) and ABCB1 (1236C>T, 2677G>T/A, and 3435C>T) genetic polymorphisms on everolimus pharmacokinetics in 98 Japanese renal transplant patients. On day 15 after everolimus administration, blood samples were collected just prior to and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 12 h after administration. The dose-adjusted area under the blood concentration–time curve (AUC0-12) of everolimus was significantly lower in patients with the NR1I2 8055C/C genotype than in those with other genotypes (p = 0.022) and was significantly higher in male patients than female patients (p = 0.045). Significant correlations between the dose-adjusted AUC0-12 of everolimus and age (p = 0.001), aspartate transaminase (p = 0.001), and alanine transaminase (p = 0.005) were found. In multivariate analysis, aging (p = 0.008) and higher alanine transaminase levels (p = 0.032) were independently predictive of a higher dose-adjusted everolimus AUC0-12. Aging and hepatic dysfunction in patients may need to be considered when evaluating dose reductions in everolimus. In renal transplant patients, management using everolimus blood concentrations after administration may be more important than analysis of NR1I2 8055C>T polymorphism before administration.
Hormones, reproduction and disease in the longest-lived rodent: the naked mole rat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Aging is an inescapable human condition, made of hormonal, physical, and behavioral changes. Age-related illnesses and decline result from the interactions between genes and the environment. Life expectancy dramatically increased in the last century with the improvement in health cares and quality of life in the Western World. Despite these advances, the last 20 years of our life are often accompanied by an increased incidence of hormonalrelated diseases, such as cancer, metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological dysturbances. Aging research recently uncovered many of the molecular pathways involved in nutrients and hormonal regulation, and also involved in organism life span using simple laboratory animal model. However this knowledge did not translate in an ameliorated aging and cure for hormonal diseases in humans. A breakthrough in aging research came from recent studies on the longest-lived rodent [the naked mole rat (NMR)]. NMR are able to reach ~30 years of age in good health. Because of their longevity and sustained health, NMR are a research model for successful aging. The most striking feature of NMR is perhaps their eusociality. Unique among mammals (eusociality is observed in insects such as bees and ants), NMR are organized in highly cooperative colonies. The aim of this review is to summarize our knowledge on hormonal and reproductive aspects in NMR. Furthermore, their resistance to pathological insults will be discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Homogeneous Tungsten, Rhenium, and Iridium Catalysts in Alkane Dehydrogenation Driven by Reflux of Substrate or of Cosolvent or by Inert‐Gas Flow.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Shortest path computation for roadway network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Undeniably, autonomous vehicles have found its position within the vehicle industry. In the absence of human drivers, the vehicle is fully reliant on the on-board computers for navigation, collision avoidance, etc. For transportation, shortest path computation plays a crucial role, where besides providing the shortest path, the demand for shorter computation time is increasing from time to time, so as to adapt to the frequent changing of traffic conditions. In this project, we investigate hardware efficient architectures for shortest path computations that is based on a novel shortest path algorithm. We show that the proposed architecture is able to reduce the total amount of computations for nodes relaxations compared to the hardware implementation of the conventional Bellman- Ford algorithm,. This is achieved by incorporating Node filtering to avoid unnecessary computations. In addition, the nodes relaxation process in the proposed architecture adopts the SIMD model, where the tentative distance for neighbours of a single node can be computed in parallel. We also explored the utilization of various caches and their configurations to determine a good trade-off between performance and logic area utilization. We compared the performance of the hardware simulation model of the proposed algorithm and conventional Bellman-Ford algorithms using Singapore Roadway Network, which consists of 140219 nodes and 193071 edges. The experimental results show that the proposed architecture leads to over 40% performance improvement.
Architectural Model for Evaluating Space Communication Networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

[ANGLES] The space exploration endeavor started in 1957 with the launch and operation of the first manmade satellite, the URSS Sputnik 1. Since then, multiple space programs have been developed, pushing the limits of technology and science but foremost unveiling the mysteries of the universe. In all these cases, the need for flexible and reliable communication systems has been primordial, allowing the return of collected science data and, when necessary, ensuring the well-being and safety of astronauts. To that end, multiple space communication networks have been globally deployed, be it through geographically distributed ground assets or through space relay satellites. Until now most of these systems have relied upon mature technology standards that have been adapted to the specific needs of particular missions and customers. Nevertheless, current trends in the space programs suggest that a shift of paradigm is needed: an Internet-like space network would increase the capacity and reliability of an interplanetary network while dramatically reducing its overall costs. In this context, the System Architecting Paradigm can be a good starting point. Through its formal decomposition of the system, it can help determine the architecturally distinguishing decisions and identify potential areas of commonality and cost reduction. This thesis presents a general framework to evaluate space communication relay systems for the near Earth domain. It indicates the sources of complexity in the modeling process, and discusses the validity and appropriateness of past approaches to the problem. In particular, it proposes a discussion of current models vis-a-vis the System Architecting Paradigm and how they fit into tradespace exploration studies. Next, the thesis introduces a computational performance model for the analysis and fast simulation of space relay satellite systems. The tool takes advantage of a specifically built-in rule-based expert system for storing the constitutive elements of the architecture and perform logical interactions between them. Analogously, it uses numerical models to assess the network topology over a given timeframe, perform physical layer computations and calculate plausible schedules for the overall system. In particular, it presents a newly developed heuristic scheduler that guarantees prioritization of specific missions and services while ensuring manageable computational times.
Utility of a shortened Hasegawa Dementia Scale Revised questionnaire to rapidly screen and diagnose Alzheimer’s disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims The aim of this study was to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of a shortened Hasegawa Dementia Scale Revised (shortened HDS‐R) questionnaire and explore its utility for the rapid screening and diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods We included 113 patients over the age of 60 years who visited our hospital from June 2018 to January 2021 including 70 subjects with AD and 43 healthy subjects. AD was diagnosed in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, and the standard HDS‐R questionnaire was used as a neuropsychological examination. The shortened HDS‐R questionnaire was composed of the first seven subdomains (1 to 7) of the HDS‐R questionnaire and excluded subdomains 8 and 9. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to calculate the degree of atrophy of the whole brain, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus. Results The cumulative contribution ratio of subdomains 1 to 7 of the HDS‐R questionnaire was as high as 94%, indicating that the construct validity of the shortened HDS‐R was very good. The correlation coefficient of the total scores of the shortened HDS‐R and the HDS‐R was 0.96, indicating that the criterion‐related validity was also very good. Furthermore, the shortened HDS‐R was significantly negatively correlated with the degree of atrophy in the whole brain, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus, indicating that its concurrent validity was very good in relation to imaging parameters. Cronbach’s α coefficient of the shortened HDS‐R was 0.76, and the correlation coefficient of the item‐total correlation analysis was between 0.68 and 0.76, indicating that this questionnaire has high internal consistency and reliability. The total shortened HDS‐R score of the normal group (17.0 ± 1.9) was significantly higher than that of the AD group (8.6 ± 3.8), demonstrating that the total shortened HDS‐R score can be used to identify healthy individuals and patients with AD. When the cutoff score was 14 of 15, the sensitivity was 92.9% and the specificity was 88.4%. The diagnostic ability of the shortened HDS‐R was 91.2%, which indicates that it is similar to the full HDS‐R questionnaire as an AD screening tool. Conclusion As a neuropsychological examination questionnaire for the screening and diagnosis of AD, the shortened HDS‐R had very high validity and reliability. Its sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic ability were similar to those of the gold standard HDS‐R; therefore, it can be considered a concise and useful questionnaire for AD screening and diagnosis in the older population.
Study Control Functions. (Feasibility Study of Control Box Interface/Multiplex for UHF Transceivers.).

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The report presents the results of the feasibility study of the control functions for the UHF Multiplatform Transceiver. The first section gives a brief overview of the physical and operational aspects of each of the present feasibility model building blocks. Also discussed are the control signals, displays, and BITE functions as presently implemented. The second section of the report deals with optimization of the present configuration for a future (final) design of the AUCS radio. The shortcomings are discussed as recommended changes to the present design. Expanded versions of the basic three-platform configuration are presented and discussed as automated systems. The report also points out special system-related problems which may be encountered in some applications. Finally, the BITE theory is presented with a suggested implementation for future units.
LHD 1p5L-AL01-NF #184659.2

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.
Through the Mind, We Create Change Coaching Methodologies for Enabling Change

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Change is the foundational outcome of coaching. As adults, the majority of what we do, think, observe, and perceive on a daily basis is handled subconsciously. To bring about change, we must consciously engage with and develop new habits of thought and action. This paper explores the implications of the current studies of the mind and of brain functioning on methods for coaching and self-directed growth, including coaching process, structures and questions. Coaching methods are enhanced through understanding the physical effects on the brain of conscious attention and the factors that enhance the brain’s ability to “reprogram”. Whether through coaching or self-directed growth, our minds have the ability to change our brains and our lives.
Characterization of nanofillers - reinforced polymeric composite products fabricated by selective laser sintering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Being one of the newest Additive Manufacturing methods in the modern industry, Selective Laser Sintering is capable using a wide range of materials to print objects with extreme complex shapes. However, there are still large numbers of undiscovered characteristics in both available printing materials and the process factors involved in this method. Various tests such as tensile test and compression test had been carried out by the author to determine the mechanical properties of the samples produced from the Polyamide 12-Carbon Nanotube, 1 wt% composite (PA12-CNTs, 1 wt%). The main aim of the project is to determine the effects of various parameters such as the laser power, the laser scanning speed and the laser scanning spacing on the mechanical properties of the standard samples produced from this composite powder and to evaluate the correlation between these parameters stated above. Identical tensile samples were 3D printed by using EOSINT P-395 and subjected to tensile testing to evaluate the mechanical performances. Further comparison with the mechanical properties obtained previously from using PA12-CNT, 0.5 wt% samples was carried out. PA12-CNT composite with the better mechanical performance was selected to produce various cellular lattices for further study. Compression tests were conducted on the lattice samples by using the INSTRON 5569 to analyze their compressive behaviors under uniaxial load. Lastly, the most suitable unit cellular design for real time structural applications were identified.
Investigations on the mechanism of stimulation of non-specific immunity by bacterial lipopolysaccharides.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The stimulation of non-specific immunity by lipopolysaccharides could not be correlated with the serum properdin level at the time of challenge. Zymosan was effective in stimulating an increase in properdin without raising resistance to infection. The development of a low properdin level during Esch. coli infection did not inevitably lead to death. The fate of (32)P-labelled lipopolysaccharide ((32)P-LP) after intravenous injection was followed in mice and guinea pigs. Most of it was accumulated rapidly in the reticulo-endothelial system. About a third was removed from the blood more slowly than the remainder, probably owing to a smaller particle size. Some of the (32)P was excreted in the urine as inorganic phosphate. Very little radioactivity was found in the circulating leukocytes. The blood clearance of (32)P-LP was slowed by the administration of nonradioactive lipopolysaccharide 30 min. previously. When this interval was 48 hr. the reticulo-endothelial system was found to be hyperactive in terms of rate of clearance and phagocytic capacity. This was accompanied by an increase in the number of active macrophages in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the spleen. These biphasic changes in the phagocytic activity of the R.E.S. parallel the decreased and increased resistance to infection following the injection of microgram amounts of lipopolysaccharide. Successive depression and stimulation of the R.E.S. also followed the injection of milligram amounts of Thorotrast. The hyperactive phase was accompanied by increased resistance to Esch. coli infection and decreased resistance to Salm. typhimurium infection. The lipid A component of lipopolysaccharide was also taken up by the R.E.S. which it stimulated. Resistance to both Esch. coli and Salm. typhimurium infections was enhanced. The basis of lipopolysaccharide-induced non-specific immunity is discussed in relation to changes in the properdin and reticulo-endothelial systems. The superiority of lipopolysaccharide over other colloids in stimulating immunity is considered to be determined by lipid A.
Gd-DTPA administered MR imaging of intracranial mass lesions: a comparison with CT and precontrast MR.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 13 intracranial mass lesions taken with the intravenous administration of gadolinium-DTPA were evaluated in comparison with precontrast computed tomography (CT), postcontrast CT, and precontrast MR. In the MR images taken with Gd-DTPA, tumor delineation improved in eight of 13 cases (62%) in comparison with precontrast MR images, and in seven of 13 cases (54%) in comparison with the overall evaluation of precontrast CT, postcontrast CT, and precontrast MR images. Tumor demarcation was unchanged in the remaining cases; no deterioration was observed with Gd-DTPA administration. MR imaging with Gd-DTPA should be performed to better evaluate the extent of intracranial mass lesions and to provide additional information.
Rio de Janeiro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A dengue fever outbreak has plagued Rio de Janeiro since January 2002. Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease. The elimination of standing water, which is a breeding ground for the mosquitoes, is a primary defense against mosquito-borne diseases like dengue. Removing such water remains a difficult problem in many urban regions.The International Space Station astronauts took this image <a href="http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS001&roll=ESC&frame=5418" target="outlink">(ISS001-ESC-5418)</a> of Rio de Janeiro in December 2000.
Evaluating Affordances and Their Applicability in a Healthcare Context

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aimed at evaluating the applicability of affordances and to what extent the concept could explain design related incidents. The chosen area of interest was healthcare. By employing the Critical Incidents Technique and melding it with the concept of affordances, an evaluation of designs was conducted on workflow activities in a Central Sterilization Unit. Results indicated that affordances as a concept was reflected in empirical data although two factors could not be explained by the concept. The authors believe that the many existing methods of affordances need to be assessed before continuing its development. They propose that quantitative studies be conducted in order to establish what variables in existing versions are statistically reliable and valid. The design and results also indicated that the Critical Incidents Technique could be a useful tool for developers. Results also revealed patterns of important design aspects in a healthcare setting; conclusions of its uniqueness were not made since a comparable case was needed.