jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Non-linear kink instabilities in line-tied coronal loops

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Photospheric line-tying has a stabilizing effect that allows magnetic energy to build up in coronal loops until critical conditions are reached and the loop becomes unstable to the m=1 kink instability [1]. Recent research has concentrated on the non-linear evolution of instabilities in line-tied coronal loops. There are suggestions [2–5] that current sheets form during the non-linear evolution of the kink instability. We present 3D MHD simulations of the non-linear evolution of MHD instabilities in line-tied coronal loops. These simulations are carried out on a multi-processor cluster at St Andrews using a new 3D MHD Lagrangian remap code (Lare3d) which we shall discuss briefly. Results are presented for loops with different shear profiles to test the conditions for current sheet formation. We begin by presenting the test case of the Gold-Hoyle field, and compare our results with previous results [1,6]. New results for equilibria with no net axial current are presented and the formation of current sheets discussed.
The putative role of inflammation in the irritable bowel syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may be defined as a painful chronic abdominal symptom complex which is usually associated with altered bowel habit, and for which there is no discernible underlying structural abnormality. It is generally accepted that symptoms are generated by abnormalities of gut function, including altered sensory perception, abnormal motility and, in some patients, abnormalities of epithelial function. Behavioural factors are important, particularly in the reporting of symptoms. What is lacking is an understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms that alter gut function. IBS is a heterogeneous condition, not only in its clinical presentation and pathophysiology, but also in terms of its pathogenesis. While both central and peripheral factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBS, this article will restrict itself to an evaluation of the evidence supporting inflammation as a basis for altered gut function in IBS.

In considering the role of inflammation in IBS, one is prompted to make a comparison with asthma. Like IBS, asthma was once considered a psychosomatic disorder, particularly in non-atopic children. For more than 50 years the treatment of asthma focused on the pharmacological correction of abnormal end organ physiology (that is, airways hyperresponsiveness), an approach that is similar to current therapeutic approaches to IBS, and which are aimed at modulating motor activity or sensory perception. The subsequent discovery of inflammatory cells in the normally sterile broncheoalveolar lavage led to the recognition of asthma as an inflammatory condition. There are two reasons why a similar shift in thinking in IBS will be difficult. Firstly, the gut is normally in a state of controlled inflammation and the challenge of identifying a subtle increase in inflammatory cell number or composition is not to be underestimated. Secondly, IBS is intuitively more heterogeneous than asthma, and inflammation is unlikely to be a factor in all …
Predicting South African Personal Income Tax - Using Holt-Winters and SARIMA

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aim/purpose - Over estimation and under estimation of the Personal Income Tax (PIT) revenue results in an unstable economy and unreliable statistics in the public domain. This study aims to find a suitable SARIMA and Holt-Winters model that suits the sample monthly data for PIT well enough, from which a forecast can be generated. Design/methodology/approach - This study uses the aspects of time series model (Holt-Winters and SARIMA) and regression models with SARIMA errors to simulate the structure which followed the historical actual realization of PIT. The quarterly data were obtained from quarter1, 2009 to quarter 1, 2017 for the purpose of modelling and forecasting. The data were divided into training (quarter 1, 1995 to quarter 1, 2014) and testing (quarter 2, 2014 to quarter 1, 2017) data sets. The forecast from quarter 2, 2017 to quarter 1, 2020 were also derived and aggregated to annual forecast. Findings - Holt-Winters, SARIMA and Time Series Regression models fitted captured the movement of the historical PIT data with higher precession. Research implications/limitations - The generated forecast is recommended to avoid several model revisions when locating the actual PIT realisation. However, monitoring of this model is crucial as the prediction power deteriorate in a long run. Originality/value/contribution - The study recommends the use of these methods for forecasting future PIT payments because they are precise and unbiased when forecasting are made. This will assist the South African authorities in decision making for future PIT revenue.(original abstract)
Taxonomic status of Protankyra ramiurna and Protankyra benedeni (Holothuroidea: Apodida: Synaptidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study presents a review of the species Protankyra ramiurna Heding, 1928 and Protankyra benedeni (Ludwig, 1881) from the Brazilian coast. Some authors consider that these two taxa represent a single variable species. Our comparative analysis of external characters, anatomy and ossicle morphology indicates that they represent distinct species. This is the first record of Protankyra ramiurna from Brazil.
Expert by Experience engagement in gambling reform: qualitative study of gamblers in the United Kingdom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary To explore how Experts by Experience (EbyE) conceptualize key priorities for preventing and reducing gambling-related harm in the United Kingdom (UK). To identify barriers and facilitators to EbyE engagement in decisions for gambling research, education, treatment (RET) and policy development. Qualitative study utilizing semi-structured interviews with 20 participants from the UK between March and July 2020. Gamblers aged 29–60 years who self-reported that they had experienced gambling-related harm, and who actively used their experiences to inform strategies to prevent and reduce gambling-related harm in the UK. Participants were motivated to: advocate for gambling reform, and raise awareness of their experiences of gambling addiction or disorder. Gambling regulation was described as not adequately keeping pace with gambling industry practices, with initiatives needed to prevent the harms associated with product design, how individuals engaged with products and marketing practices. The reliance on voluntary contributions by the gambling industry for RET was perceived as a potential barrier to reform. Participants recommended new independent structures which engaged EbyE in meaningful ways in contributing to decision-making. An independent body run by and for EbyE was one mechanism that participants perceived could represent the voices of those impacted by gambling-related harm. Individuals with a lived experience of gambling-related harm, including affected social network members, bring a range of unique experiences and perspectives, and should be seen as valuable stakeholders in co-producing strategies to prevent and reduce gambling-related harm.
Telmisartan Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Tumor Growth of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inducing S-Phase Arrest In Vitro and In Vivo

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common primary esophageal malignancy. Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB) and a widely used antihypertensive, has been shown to inhibit proliferation of various cancer types. This study evaluated the effects of telmisartan on human ESCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and sought to identify the microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in these antitumor effects. We examined the effects of telmisartan on three human ESCC cell lines (KYSE150, KYSE180, and KYSE850). Telmisartan inhibited proliferation of these three cell lines by inducing S-phase arrest, which was accompanied by decreased expression of cyclin A2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, and other cell cycle-related proteins. Additionally, telmisartan reduced levels of phosphorylated ErbB3 and thrombospondin-1 in KYSE180 cells. Furthermore, expression of miRNAs was remarkably altered by telmisartan in vitro. Telmisartan also inhibited tumor growth in vivo in a xenograft mouse model. In conclusion, telmisartan inhibited cell proliferation and tumor growth in ESCC cells by inducing cell-cycle arrest.
Between Authority and Usurpation? Common Good and Constitutional Government

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The classical tradition of law and government supports lawful authority and condemns usurpation. But the common good sometimes provides a reason to sweep aside existing constitutional arrangements. This article considers the way in which authority and usurpation feature in Adrian Vermeule’s recent book, Common Good Constitutionalism, and thus reflects on the nature of constitutional government. Vermeule’s work combines a commendable philosophy of government with a questionable philosophy of legal reasoning, which weakens the force of Vermeule’s account of American constitutional law and practice. Reflection on the scope of the common good—on whose common good counts—has important implications for how, and for whom, authority should be exercised. Collective agency is important in securing the common good and representative democracy is an important means to unite a people in common action for their good. Constitutional government should aim to command popular support. Forms of constitutional government are contingent, but usurpation of lawful public authority is an evil that should be avoided.
Factors related to inter‐observer reproducibility of conventional Pap smear cytology: a multilevel analysis of smear and laboratory characteristics

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To identify factors that influence the inter‐observer reproducibility of the routine, conventional Pap smear cytology (Pap smear test) in a network of certificated laboratories in a middle‐income Latin American country. Methods Twenty‐six laboratories provided each an average of 26 negative for malignancy ( NILM ) and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion ( HSIL ) Pap smears. An external panel reviewed the slides. The kappa index and multilevel logistic regression were used to estimate the reproducibility and odds ratios ( OR ) of a false result with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI ), respectively. Results are presented for laboratories that collect (collector laboratories) and do not collect (non‐collector laboratories) samples. Results The agreements ranged widely (median kappa 0.51, range 0.16–0.70). The overall false‐positive ( FP ) and false‐negative ( FN ) rates were 31% (95% CI 27–35) and 11% (95% CI 7–17). Among collector laboratories ( N = 14), a bigger sample collection volume decreased the probability of a FP ( OR ‐adjusted 0.05, 95% CI 0.02–0.1) whereas the number of quality defects ( OR ‐adjusted 1.67, 95% CI 1.25–2.24), high workload ( OR ‐adjusted 5.52, 95% CI 3.85–7.92) and collection by cytotechnologists ( OR ‐adjusted 1.28, 95% CI 1.15–1.42) or health professionals ( OR ‐adjusted 2.26, 95% CI 2.04–2.49) instead of nursing assistants increased it. Among non‐collector laboratories ( N = 9), the FP rate increased with the number of quality defects ( OR ‐adjusted 1.86, 95% CI 1.06–3.26) but decreased if the samples were collected by health professionals instead of nursing assistants ( OR ‐adjusted 0.37, 95% CI 0.17–0.80). No significant associations were observed for FN . Conclusions Staff in charge of cervical sampling significantly determined the reproducibility of the Pap smear test, but this depended on whether the laboratory collects samples or read samples collected elsewhere.
Utility Analysis of HRM Effectiveness

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Within the field of human resource management (HRM) there is a broad consensus recognizing that people is one of the key resources that impact companies’ results. During the last two decades, it is also true that HR departments have experienced a rising in its organizational status with their functions evolving from a merely operational level to a strategic one. Nonetheless, HR departments still face a disadvantage to show the contribution of their interventions when compared to other functional departments within the organization. In this article we study two particular techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of HRM, utility analysis (UA) and multi-attribute utility analysis (MAU). Particularly, we apply them to evaluate an e-training program.
From Objectives to Obligations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On December 13, 2024, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) concluded the hearings of the advisory proceedings on State obligations in respect of Climate Change. On the last day of the hearings, judges posed four questions to participants to be answered within a one-week timeframe. The Judges enquired about State obligations in relation to fossil fuels; the interpretation of Article 4 of the Paris Agreement; the content of the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment; and the significance of declarations made by some States on becoming parties to the UN climate treaties. This blog post will provide a brief exploration of the first two questions and issues raised.
Effect of the Experimental Oil Pollution on the Carp's Blood

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Percentage of immature red blood cells increased in the carp blood smears after impact of the crude oil (100 mg/l). The number of anisocytosis, poikilocytosis and red blood cells with pathological changes in the morphological arrangements also increased. Percentage of different leucocytes showed also lymphocytic character of the blood of this fish.
Peran Pemuda Dalam Pembangunan Bangsa Perspektif Hadis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The background of this researchwas by the fact that the role of youth in national development was still low becauseMuslims youth seemslike losing their way, experiencing stagnation of creativity, getting out of their natural rotation, and losing their role models in their lives.At this time many of the Muslims youth are ensnared by the globalization virus that eliminates the extraordinary youth figure throughout the history of Islam. Even that disseminated artists who are product of temporal world. The impact of losing role modelsis can be imitating bad Western culture.Start from hedonism, wasting money, dating. This research find the results if want to build the people and seek the return of the glory of Islam, Muslim youth will take that role. Youth's active role as a moral force is realized by developing ethical and moral aspects in acting on every dimension of youth life, strengthening faith and piety and mental-spiritual endurance, and increasing legal awareness. One day glory ofislam was an accumulative work between generations, the triumph of Muslims will never stand only with the blood of one young man, not only with the tears of a young man, not only with the idea of one young man, therefore what is needed by Muslims in the future was not a young man, but a youth union and movement that initiates the unity of Muslims
A Sensing-Based Cooperative Position Scheme for Perceptive Mobile Network towards 6G

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is a promising technology which will be the core of future 6G network. ISAC will integrate sensing capability into current communication-only mobile network, with the sharing and integration of transmit signals, time-frequency resources, major hardware and signal processing modules. The base-station-orientated sensing network, or also known as perceptive mobile network (PMN), will empower the base station to operate beyond communication and provide seamless sensing services. In this paper, we focus on extracting sensing parameters of multiple targets for accurate positioning in the PMN scenario. Specifically, we first implement Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) and Root-MUSIC for velocity and distance estimation, and compare their performances with OFDM-Radar method. Furthermore, based upon the sensing parameter estimation, we propose an integrated localization scheme that utilize both active and passive sensing signals. We also investigate the impact of resource allocation on positioning performance. The effectiveness of three sensing algorithms and proposed cooperative positioning method are verified using link-level simulation platform adopted from latest 3GPP standards.
Frequency response of feedback relay amplifiers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The frequency response of feedback relay amplifiers is analysed by the dual-input describing-function method. At low signal frequencies, the amplifier behaves like a saturating linear amplifier. This picture is modified at higher frequencies, owing to synchronous effects, and it is difficult to achieve satisfactory operation when the ratio of the input-signal frequency to the periodic excitation frequency is appreciable. To eliminate synchronous effects within the signal band, restrictions must be imposed on the forward linear-transfer function. The theory is compared with an experimental example.
Fast Determination of Vitamin A Palmitate in Margarines by HPLC

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Vitamin A palmitate can be directly determined by HPLC in the margarine fat phase. Omitting saponification leads to a considerable saving in analysis time, and to reduced losses during sample clean‐up. The result is obtained ca. 12 min after the HPLC injection, and one analysis incl. sample preparation can be carried out in ca. 30‐45 min ‐ when the HPLC equipment is running and calibrated. A similar method can be developed for vitamin A acetate in margarines. Initial results using azobenzene as an internal standard are also reported.
Consumption and Culture in Sixteenth-Century Ireland: Saffron, Stockings and Silk, by Susan Flavin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Based on ESRC- and AHRC-supported doctoral research and data collected for the ESRC-funded Ireland–Bristol Project (2006–8), Susan Flavin’s monograph is a thoroughgoing attempt to put some interpretative flesh on the raw quantitative bones of that study. As such, it should be read alongside the edited volume, which she and E.T. Evans produced, of the eleven years of Exchequer Customs Accounts for trade between Bristol and south-east Ireland which comprise the underpinning dataset (2009). Although Georgian Ireland has its historian of the later ‘consumer revolution’ in Toby Barnard, Flavin’s intention is to explore two key issues pre-dating (and yet perhaps also fuelling) the rise of Barnard’s Anglo-Irish Protestant ‘grand figures’: firstly, the extent to which in the sixteenth century (the century of transformative English colonisation) Ireland looked to England for new tastes in dress, diet and other consumption practices; and, secondly, in a comparative perspective, the role played by imports to, and exports from, the ‘metropolis’ in a developing colonial society. In doing this, Flavin helpfully places sixteenth-century Ireland alongside the early American settlements of Jamestown and seventeenth-century Caribbean society, as a developing but tricky colonial market for English merchants to fuel. Flavin’s study also usefully contributes to a growing literature that focuses on the late medieval and early early modern characteristics of changing consumption in and across Europe: a necessary counterpoint to the narratives of novelty and globalisation which have dominated accounts of changing consumption and production across the long seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in western Europe.
Aktifitas Bantuan Hukum Gratis dalam Meningkatkan Akses Keadilan bagi Masyarakat Miskin

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Protection and recognition of human rights is the responsibility of the state as a consequence of its status as a country of law. Every individual, including the poor who face legal problems, has the right to receive equal treatment before the law. Access to justice is a fundamental right of every citizen, but the poor often face various obstacles in obtaining legal aid. Legal aid for the poor is guaranteed by the constitution, but its implementation still faces various obstacles. The purpose of writing this journal is to enrich the literature related to the implementation and optimization of legal aid for the poor based on Law Number 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid. This study uses a literature study approach by reviewing primary and secondary legal materials and analyzing them through various theories, doctrines, and legal principles. The results of this study are expected to contribute to increasing access to justice for the poor in Indonesia.
Issues Involved in the Proposal of ‘A Global Currency to Stabilize the Monetary System’ قضايا تشارك في اقتراح "عملة عالمية لتثبيت النظام النقدي"

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The lead paper, “A Possibly Shariah-Compatible Global Currency to Stabilize the Monetary System”, puts forward an interesting proposal to create a Trade Referenced Currency (TRC) at the global level that can be potentially used as a common unit of account and internationally accepted means of payment. The author (Bernard Lietaer) introduces the TRC as a proposed supra-national complementary currency that can be used in parallel with existing currencies and financial mechanisms. It is targeted to address five problems faced in the present-day international financial system, i.e. monetary instability, pro-cyclical money creation, short-termism of financial decision-making, and the involvement of interest (riba) in the money creation process through fractional reserve banking. The paper is not about the nature and role of money. However, one cannot escape highlighting some of the issues associated with money while commenting on the paper.
Finite-Difference Techniques for a Boundary Problem with an Eigenvalue in a Boundary Condition

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A mixed boundary-value problem of elliptic type is considered in which the boundary conditions contain an eigenvalue. This problem is motivated by the investigation of small fluid oscillations in an axially symmetric tank. Several finite-difference procedures for determining the lowest eigenvalues are described. Two of the methods are found to be quite practical. The theoretical results include a discussion of the convergence of the eigenvalues of the difference problem to those of the differential problem, a proof that a certain iterative procedure provides a sequence converging to the fundamental eigenvalue and certain results concerning the nature, of the eigenvalues.