jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Constraints on the reproductive value of vertical transmission for a microsporidian parasite and its female‐killing behaviour

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary 1. Several species of microsporidian parasites use a mixture of vertical and horizontal transmission among their respective mosquito host species. These relationships vary in how hosts are exploited for either vertical or horizontal transmission. An important factor is that only females can provide vertical transmission. Two types of relationship have particularly been contrasted; those where vertically infected larvae of both sexes are killed late in their development and contribute towards the parasite's horizontal transmission, and those where only male larvae are killed while females experience benign infections, become adults, and contribute towards the parasite's vertical transmission success. The selective killing of males in these latter relationships leads to female‐biased adult sex ratios. These differences among relationships have been suggested to depend on the environmental conditions they experience and on the relative efficiency of vertical or horizontal transmission. 2. The transmission behaviour of the microsporidian parasite Edhazardia aedis (Becnel, Fukuda & Sprague) following vertical transmission was studied as a function of larval food availability to its host, the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.). The number of vertically infected mosquitoes dying before reaching adulthood increased as larval food availability became less. However, proportionately more females died as food availability decreased and adult mosquito populations became increasingly male‐biased. 3. The fate of vertically infected mosquitoes was closely related to their larval growth rate. As food availability decreased and larval growth rates slowed, the parasite's infection had more time to produce its spores and induce the host's mortality before emergence. This disproportionately affected female mosquitoes as they pupate later than males, especially as larval growth rates slow. As late ages at pupation are associated with smaller adult size (≈ lower fecundity), the potential vertical transmission offered by slowly growing female larvae is limited and more success may be gained by exploiting them for horizontal transmission. 4. Our results indicate that the relative reproductive value of vertical or horizontal transmission altered with an ecological parameter (larval food availability). Constraints in the life‐history traits of each organism helped to explain why the observed sex ratio was biased towards males rather than females.
Notes on African Pannariaceae (lichenized ascomycetes)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The African continent is shown to contain only 38 species in the lichen family Pannariaceae , all of which are listed in the conclusion. Four new species are described: Pannaria planiuscula (Republic of South Africa [RSA] and Kenya), Pannaria squamulosa (RSA), Parmeliella dactylifera (RSA), and Parmeliella triptophylloides (Kenya). Four species are recorded as new to the continent: Pannaria centrifuga P.M. Jørg. (RSA), Pannaria ramosii Vain. (Tanzania), Parmeliella imbricatula (Müll. Arg.) P. M. Jørg. (RSA), and Psoroma fruticulosum James & Henssen (RSA). The following taxa described from Africa prove to be synonyms: Pannaria cameroonensis Dodge (= Parmeliella stylophora ), Pannaria capensis Stirt. (= P. lurida ), Pannaria leucosticta var. isidiopsis Nyl. (= P. globigera ), Pannaria pityrella Stirt. (= Coccocarpia stellata ), and Pannaria thoroldii Dodge (= Parmeliella mariana ). Three species have been incorrectly recorded from Africa: Pannaria fulvescens, Parmeliella nigrocincra and Parmeliella triptophylla .
Reading the Love Commandments and Learning the Imitation of Christ in Aquinas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Aquinas’s exposition of the twofold commandment of charity embeds a pedagogy for learning the imitation of Christ. This pedagogy may be gathered from his commentaries on the Gospels of Matthew and John, with refinements from the Summa theologiae. Christ commands love of God and neighbour and calls us to friendship that requires imitation of him. Aquinas depicts this imitation of Christ as a gratuitous, effective, and right love of neighbour which, I suggest, is grounded in, and develops his articulation of, love of neighbour as an expansion of love of self that is holy, just, and true. In this way, we learn to imitate Christ by following his commandment of charity, and we learn to follow the commandment of charity by imitating Christ. This interpenetrating pedagogy exemplifies and belongs essentially to Aquinas’s broader goal of promoting conformity to Christ through his practice of sacra doctrina or holy teaching.
Clinical data on high risk medical devices should be made publicly available

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Doctors and patients should have access to information on clinical trial data used to approve high risk medical devices so that they can make informed decisions about the devices they use, a WHO agency says.

In a report the Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre recommends that the EU Medical Devices Directive should be adapted to require all manufactures of high risk medical devices to carry out “high quality randomised trials . . . with clinically relevant endpoints.”

The Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre is part of WHO’s Health Evidence Network, which promotes the use of research evidence in health policy and health technology assessment. Its report places more emphasis on testing devices for their clinical effectiveness rather than the current focus on assessing …
The Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Nucleus Accumbens, Basolateral Amygdala, and Hippocampus Regulate the Amelioration of Environmental Enrichment and Cue in Fear Behavior in the Animal Model of PTSD

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A growing body of evidence showed that environmental enrichment (EE) ameliorated footshock-induced fear behavior of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, no research comprehensively tested the effect of EE, cue, and the combination of EE and cue in footshock-induced fear behavior of PTSD symptoms. The present study addressed this issue and examined whether the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC, including the cingulate cortex 1 (Cg1), prelimbic cortex (PrL), and infralimbic cortex (IL)), the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the basolateral amygdala (BLA), and the hippocampus (e.g., CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG)) regulated the amelioration of the EE, cue, or the combination of EE and cue. The results showed that EE or cue could reduce fear behavior. The combination of EE and cue revealed a stronger decrease in fear behavior. The cue stimulus may play an occasion setting or a conditioned stimulus to modulate the reduction in fear behavior induced by footshock. Regarding the reduction of the EE in fear behavior, the Cg1 and IL of the mPFC and the NAc upregulated the c-Fos expression; however, the BLA downregulated the c-Fos expression. The mPFC (i.e., the Cg1, PrL, and IL) and the hippocampus (i.e., the CA1, CA3, and DG) downregulated the c-Fos expression in the suppression of the cue in fear behavior. The interaction of EE and cue in reduction of fear behavior occurred in the Cg1 and NAc for the c-Fos expression. The data of c-Fos mRNA were similar to the findings of the c-Fos protein expression. These findings related to the EE and cue modulations in fear behavior may develop a novel nonpharmacological treatment in PTSD.
Adolescent Anxiety During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction The COVID‐19 pandemic significantly disrupted adolescents' lives, leading to increased stress and anxiety rates globally. Although existing research highlights the necessity of understanding the increased rates of anxiety in adolescents during and after the pandemic, it offers little insight into the risk and protective factors for the development of adolescent anxiety at this time. To more deeply understand how the pandemic impacted anxiety in adolescents around the world, the current study adopted a qualitative approach to synthesising the global evidence on adolescents' lived experiences of anxiety during the pandemic. Methods Five databases (Academic Search Complete, British Education Index, Education Research Information Centre, APA PsycINFO, and Scopus) were searched for studies that included qualitative data reported by adolescents on their lived experiences of anxiety during the pandemic. After duplicate records were removed, 348 records were title and abstract screened, a shortlist of 117 publications for full text screening, resulting in 34 papers to be included in the review. Results Thematic analysis of data uncovered adolescents' experiences of anxiety during the pandemic in relation to a wide range of risk factors (i.e., academic stressors, family and economic stressors, social isolation, online dangers, uncertainties and health‐related concerns) and protective factors (e.g., social support, personal coping, accurate information and clear guidelines, digital tools) in different developmental contexts. Conclusions These findings can guide the development of effective practices and policies for young people navigating the complexities of the post‐pandemic world.
The language of the Story of the Sage Ahiqar from Serbian Manuscript No. 53 of the National Library of Serbia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In terms of homogeneous diglossia, the basic characteristic of the Serbian mediaeval language situation, the usage of two language systems, Serbian Church Slavonic and Old Serbian, were clearly functionally demarcated. However, in some genres they could get closer to each other, could influence each other and could even interfere with each other. In some texts of secular character (especially those written in different sociolinguistic contexts or in peripheral shtokavian dialectal zones) as a result of the mutual influence of two language systems a hybrid language, a mixture of Serbian Church Slavonic and Old Serbian (shtokavian) elements, could have arisen. Narrative texts of non-liturgical character represented a mixed zone, that is, the texts which could have been written in different types of language. So far it was confirmed that some texts of this genre could have been written in high-style Serbian Church Slavonic (e.g. the Barlaam and Joasaph Romance), the other in its lower functional style (e.g. the Serbian Alexander Romance), and the third in almost pure Old Serbian (e.g. the Troy Romance). This paper investigates the phonological, phonetic, morphological and syntactic features of the Story of the Sage Ahiqar in order to expand the knowledge about the possibilities of language realisations in Serbian medieval non-liturgical narrative prose. Analysis was conducted on the 16th-century transcript from Serbian Manuscript No. 53 of the National library of Serbia, which originated in the west shtokavian dialectal zone. The results have confirmed the presence of elements originating both from Serbian Church Slavonic and Old Serbian (shtokavian vernacular) at every language level without a possibility to say which of them prevail. The analysis has also shown that the dominant vernacular features include those of common shtokavian character which had developed until the 15th century, while those from the later period have not been noted. Regarding the stylistic aspect, the functional style in this text is similar to the other narrative texts where traditional language patterns overlap with patterns characteristic of spoken language or oral literature.
Preparation and characterization of multi‐layer core‐shell polysiloxane/PSt/PMMA latex

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare a kind of novel multi‐layer core‐shell latex, and to evaluate the effect of the preparation methodology. Design/methodology/approach Core‐shell poly(siloxane)/polystyrene/polymethyl methacrylate (PSi/PSt/PMMA) latex particles were prepared by seeded‐emulsion polymerisation with three stages. The core of cured PSi was prepared with octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) by co‐condensation. Using vinyltriethoxysilane (VTEOS) as coupling agent, functional PSi particles with vinyl groups on surfaces were prepared by hydrolysis and condensation of VTEOS in core formation stage. Then, the functional PSi particles were used as seeds to copolymerise with styrene and methyl methacrylate sequentially in shell stage I and stage II to form PSi/PSt/PMMA latex particles. Findings FTIR, TEM, DSC and XPS showed that the PSi/PSt/PMMA latex particles had multi‐layer core‐shell structure with cured PSi as core, PSt as shell I and PMMA as shell II. Research limitations/implications In the present work, PSi/PSt/PMMA latex particles having multi‐layer core‐shell structure with cured PSi as core, PSt as shell I and PMMA as shell II were prepared. This methodology can be employed to prepare new functional materials for various applications. Practical implications Multi‐layer core‐shell particles offer a new area of material science that has wide applications in coatings or modified polymer materials production. Originality/value The method developed in the study reported in this paper provides a new strategy to develop new types of core‐shell materials with multi‐layer structure.
Is ‘be yourself’ always the best advice? The moderating effect of team ethical climate and the mediating effects of vigor and demand–ability fit

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although we know that individuals who tend to reveal their true selves to others at work are better performers, little is known about why this is the case or in which workplace environments this trait will be most helpful. In the present study, we leveraged self-verification theory to better understand the internal and interpersonal effects that self-verification striving has on employees. Specifically, we proposed and found that self-verification striving serves to increase both employee vigor and demand–ability fit, ultimately leading to better job performance. Results of a multilevel, two-wave study involving 222 employees and their supervisors further revealed that ethical climates also play a critical role in affecting the self-verification striving–employee outcome relationship. Specifically, self-verification striving leads to higher vigor and better demand–ability fit and subsequently higher job performance only in teams with high ethical climates. Our results contribute to the literature by describing how and when self-verification striving may augment performance.
[Experience with diagnosis and treatment of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma does not present typical symptoms and the diagnosis is usually difficult, which depends on examinations of the exfoliative cell, abdominal paracentesis, laparoscopic probing and laporatomy. The prognosis is often unfavorable. Comprehensive therapies might prolong the survival of the patients.
Abstract 1442: Prognostic value of Dicer expression in human breast cancers and association with the mesenchymal phenotype

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Dicer, a ribonuclease, is the key enzyme required for biogenesis of miRNAs and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). It was previously shown that Dicer is essential for mammalian development and cell differentiation. Recent evidence indicates that Dicer may be involved in tumorigenesis. However, no studies have examined the clinical significance of Dicer at both RNA and protein levels in breast cancer. Methods: In this study, the biological and prognostic value of Dicer expression was assessed in breast cancer cell lines, breast cancer progression cellular-models, and in two independent and well-characterised set of breast carcinomas with long term follow-up using tissue microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Results: We have found that Dicer protein expression is significantly associated with hormone receptors status in breast tumours. Dicer mRNA expression appeared to have an independent prognostic impact in metastatic disease. In the breast cancer cell lines, lower Dicer expression was found in cells harbouring a mesenchymal phenotype and in metastatic bone derivatives of a breast cancer cell line. These findings suggested that down-regulation of Dicer expression may be related to metastatic spread of tumours. Conclusions: Assessment of Dicer expression may facilitate prediction of distant metastases for patient suffering from breast cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1442.
Characterization of the Doxorubicin-Pluronic F68 Conjugate Micelles and Their Effect on Doxorubicin Resistant Human Erythroleukemic Cancer Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Recent developments indicate that Pluronic block copolymers can implement more than only inert carrier functions by being biological response modifiers [2,[13][14][15].Pluronics cause drastic sensitization of MDR tumors to various anticancer agents, enhance drug transport across the blood brain and intestinal barriers, and causes transcriptional
SPRING COMMUNITIES OF THE VEĽKÁ FATRA MTS (WESTERN CARPATHIANS) AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO CENTRAL EUROPEAN SPRING VEGETATION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The paper deals with the detailed phytosociological and ecological characteristics of spring communities (Montio- Cardaminetea) in the Veľka Fatra Mts (Slovakia, Central Carpathians). Due to its location on the edge of the high Central Carpathians and the variety of substrates, the recorded associations represent almost the complete range of variability of spring vegetation in the Slovak part of Western Carpathians. We found and studied nine plant communities, assigned to four alliances: Cardamino amarae-Chrysosplenietum alternifolii, Caricetum remotae, Carici remotae-Calthetum laetae (Caricion remotae), Philonotido seriatae-Calthetum laetae, Brachythecio rivularis-Cardaminetum opicii (Cratoneuro fi licini-Calthion laetae), Coch- leario pyrenaicae-Cratoneuretum commutati, (Lycopodo europaei-Cratoneurion commutati), Cardamino opicii-Cratoneuretum falcati, Palustriella commutata community and Philonotido calcareae-Saxifragetum aizoidis (Cratoneurion commutati). We also revised the classifi cation of spring communities in Central Europe, using releves from the Veľka Fatra Mts. Some new names and inverted names of associations are proposed: Cardamino amarae-Cratoneuretum commutati ass. nov., Cochleario pyrenaicae-Cratoneuretum commutati Th. Muller 1961 nom. invers. propos., and Cardamino opicii-Cratoneuretum falcati Szafer et Sokolowski 1927 nom. invers. propos.
Secular trends for age at spermarche among Chinese boys from 11 ethnic minorities, 1995–2010: a multiple cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives We compared the differences in median age at spermarche among 11 ethnic minorities in 2010, estimated the trends regarding age at spermarche in different ethnic minorities from 1995 to 2010, and explored the association of spermarche with body mass index (BMI). Methods We used four cross-sectional Chinese National Surveys on Students’ Constitution and Health (CNSSCH, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010), and the total sample size was 40 113 children aged 11–18 years. The median age at spermarche of each ethnic minority was determined by using probit analysis. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of spermarche with BMI. Results In 2010, the ethnic minorities with earliest age at spermarche were Qiang (12.03 years), Zhuang (12.91 years) and Kirghiz (13.17 years); the three ethnic minorities with latest age at spermarche were Dong (14.73 years), Yao (14.60 years), and Naxi (14.36 years). From 1995 to 2010, age at spermarche showed a decline in almost each minority group except Yao and Dong. A higher BMI was associated with an increased likelihood of having reached spermarche after adjusting for age, regions or ethnic minorities. Conclusions A large variation in age at spermarche was observed among different ethnic minorities. The age at spermarche showed a downward shift in almost each of the 11 ethnic minorities with different patterns over time, and the children with higher BMI are more likely to enter puberty early.
Adaptive virtual machine allocation algorithms for cloud-hosted elastic media services

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cloud computing is growing in adoption for different services previously supported by traditional infrastructure, including dedicated hardware setups. One of these cloud-enabled services is real-time Audio/Video collaboration. Existing cloud-based collaboration systems generally function on a best-effort basis, and offer little to no delivery and quality guarantees. High-quality business-focused solutions are therefore offered using dedicated and often manually configured hardware. In this paper, we present resource provisioning algorithms to provide the mentioned elasticity under strict quality requirements. These algorithms are evaluated, using an extended version of the CloudSim simulator, making use of realistic collaborative meeting patterns prepared to deal with seasonality and usage prediction. Our results show that the algorithms improve costs by up to 98.38% when compared with previously designed more naive approaches and with an effectiveness of 99.9% in meeting A/V collaboration setup deadlines.
The effects of priming on frontal-temporal communication

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Repeated exposure to a stimulus facilitates its processing. This is reflected in faster and more accurate identification, reduced perceptual identification thresholds, and more efficient classifications for repeated compared with novel items. Here, we test a hypothesis that this experience-based behavioral facilitation is a result of enhanced communication between distinct cortical regions, which reduces local processing demands. A magnetoencephalographic investigation revealed that repeated object classification led to decreased neural responses in the prefrontal cortex and temporal cortex. Critically, this decrease in absolute activity was accompanied by greater neural synchrony (a measure of functional connectivity) between these regions with repetition. Additionally, the onset of the enhanced interregional synchrony predicted the degree of behavioral facilitation. These findings suggest that object repetition results in enhanced interactions between brain regions, which facilitates performance and reduces processing demands on the regions involved.