jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Myasthenic Syndrome and Small Cell Cancer of the Lung

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

• Myasthenic syndrome secondary to small cell lung cancer has been studied In five patients who achieved complete remission with chemotherapy. The relationship between response or relapse of the neoplasm to therapy and the activity of the myasthenic syndrome is variable. This inconsistent clinical correlation between the cancer and its paraneoplastic syndrome is examined in view of current data on the immunologic basis of myasthenic syndrome. (Arch Intern Med1984;144:999-1000)
College Faculty Experiences With Student Disclosures of Victimization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Victimization of college students is widespread, and it is not uncommon for students to disclose these experiences to faculty. Given that how faculty respond to disclosures may have implications for students’ psychosocial and academic outcomes, it is key to know more about disclosures to help faculty prepare a supportive response. This study used data from an online survey of members of two U.S.-based professional scholarly associations for criminal justice and criminology ( N = 637) to look at the nature of student disclosure of victimization and which faculty are more likely to receive such disclosures. Disclosure to faculty was widespread (87% of faculty had received at least one disclosure of victimization from a student), and disclosures were mostly made in person. Over half the time (52.3%), participants thought the disclosure was prompted by an incident in class or another aspect of the course, and more than a quarter of the time (28.8%), the disclosure came from a student in a course that utilized trigger warnings. A faculty member’s individual identities, such as gender or race and ethnicity, did not appear to render them more or less likely to receive student disclosures. However, faculty with victimization experiences who had links to victim services organizations, who were teaching in a Sociology department, or who had been teaching longer were more likely to have received a disclosure. Graduate student instructors were less likely to have received a disclosure, even controlling for years of teaching. This suggests widespread training of college-level instructors in how to respond to a student’s disclosure of victimization may be warranted, at least for faculty teaching courses focusing on criminology and criminal justice.
Building trust and confidence through sustainable information systems research: towards a common future

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Information Systems research group at Mid Sweden University is the result of four separate groups, spread across three disciplines, artificially thrown together because we didn't seem to fit into other developed research groups.What we were seen to have in common was 'information'.The disciplines are: Archives and Information Science, Business Management and Organization, and Informatics.Shortly after this uncertain start, the University launched a demanding internal process for Assessment of Research and Coproduction (ARC13) over the previous five years.We didn't have that much past together, so we set out to build ourselves a future, exploring our common interests as we gathered data for the evaluation.We pooled our research, hired a facilitator to help with a SWOT analysis, built trust within the group and achieved a remarkably good report from the external assessors.Participation in the multidisciplinary InterPARES Trust in Digital Records in an Increasingly Networked World Project has been an inspiring factor in the Archives and Information Science contribution to our new collaboration.Our Information Systems research group now focuses on five research challenges: Information value, quality, accessibility, sustainability and trustworthiness.Now we are having fun exploring the possibilities, confident that our InfoSys research group has its own sustainable future.
Ready to work? Understanding the experiences of people with multiple problems and needs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The focus of current government policy on maximising labour market participation among those of working age is known to have particular implications for people with multiple problems and needs. This article reports preliminary findings from a study based on in-depth interviews with 50 people with experience of not only unemployment, but several additional problems, such as homelessness, ill-health or disability, substance abuse, the criminal justice system, and disruptive family relationships. It points particularly to the traumatic nature of the lives experienced by many of those participating in the study and to the corrosive culture of self-blame to which they were subject. It concludes by arguing for more holistic ways of supporting people in such situations and for a different approach to assessing ‘job readiness’.
Design and Construction of Medical Device for ENT Applications Based on Biodegradable Polymer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work deals with ear ventilation tubes. This medical device is inserted for prolonged period of time into the eardrum in case of persistent infection of the middle ear. Today, tubes are made of metals and classical polymers that cause many complications, especially with their removal. Ear tubes made from biodegradable polymers could replace currently used materials. Particular attention was given to poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which has recently been researched for many medical applications. In the experimental part the degradation process of PLA under different conditions was investigated. PLA samples were examined in phosphate buffered solution at pH 7.4 and in chamber with 100% relative humidity, both at 37°C. The degradation process was monitored for up to 12 weeks by weight, different scanning calorimetry, optical and electron microscopy, and by gel permeation chromatography. The practical part includes development of the tool for manufacturing tubes, which requires special technologies (rapid prototyping and electroforming technology).
Experiences of Patients with Breast Cancer Participating in a Prehabilitation Program: A Qualitative Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer diagnosis among women worldwide. Several randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews have shown the benefits of exercise before, during, and after cancer treatment to manage side effects related to cancer and its therapies. However, these are poorly implemented across the disease-span, specifically, during the preoperative setting. Methods: Patients diagnosed with BC and participating in a randomized controlled trial on the effects of a prehabilitation program based on Nordic walking, muscle strengthening, and therapeutic education were invited to participate in this qualitative substudy. Two groups of eight patients each were recorded, transcript and analyzed using a specialized software (Atlas-Ti®, version 24). Results: During the axial codification phase, 22 unique codes and 6 main themes were identified related to their experience with the program, namely, (1) information received prior to participating; (2) motivation to participate; (3) barriers; (4) facilitators; (5) perceived degree of support from healthcare workers as well as peers; and (6) satisfaction with the characteristics of the prehabilitation program. Conclusions: Patients interviewed showed great interest in prehabilitation as a way to prepare both physically and mentally for surgery. In order to implement these interventions, healthcare systems need to acknowledge barriers and facilitators as well as the need for these programs to be supervised and monitored to avoid adverse events.
Ingrowing toenails in infancy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Contact allergy to clotrimazoleClotrimazole (Canesten; diphenyl-2-chlorophenyl-1-imidazolylmethane) is an effective broad-spectrum antifungal agent that has been used in Great Britain since 1973.In clinical trials only a few patients have been irritated by clotrimazole and no cases of contact allergy have been reported.I describe a patient who developed contact allergic dermatitis to clotrimazole. Case historyA 48-year-old policeman had had perineal and perianal pruritus for many years.In September 1977 he was prescribed Canesten cream, which he used intermittently for the next few months.In December, after applying Canesten cream, he noticed an increase in the pruritus accompanied by an erythematous, oozing rash over his scrotum, upper thighs, and natal cleft.He discontinued the Canesten, and Tri-Adcortyl cream was prescribed.His rash gradually improved.Patch tests were applied for 48 hours using the Finn Chamber method and inspected at 48 and 96 hours.At both times reactions were seen to Canesten cream, 1 % clotrimazole in ethyl methyl ketone, and 1 % ethylene diamine in yellow soft paraffin.Results were negative with Canesten cream base and Tri-Adcortyl cream.
Fully Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Structures and Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This review presents a comprehensive examination of fully conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which constitute an emerging class of porous materials with immense potential for diverse applications. This article focuses on diversified fully conju-gated COFs, including sp2 carbon-carbon linkages, pyrazine linkages, benzobisoxazole linkages, dioxin linkages, β-aminoalkenone linkages, etc. The synthesis techniques and structural attributes of these COFs are expounded upon in great detail, along with their potential applications in various fields. The review thus provides a valuable resource for researchers keen on delving into the synthe-sis and applications of fully conjugated COFs, thereby highlighting their potential for developing novel functional materials with dis-tinctive properties.
Endogenous systems involved in the development of pancreatic cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive neoplasms due to its rapid spread and late diagnosis. The objective of this thesis is to elucidate the obestatin/GPR39 potential as a therapeutic target in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. The expression of GPR39 found in normal pancreas indicates a possible regulatory and regenerative role for the obestatin/GPR39 system in the human pancreas. Likewise, the expression found in premalignant lesions could involve this system in the pathogenesis and progression to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In addition, this system favours proliferative, invasive and tumoral settlement processes in immortalized cancer cell lines. These facts prompted us to postulate the use of GPR39 as a marker of tumoral progression and its applicability to antagonize the fundamental mechanisms associated with the development of pancreatic cancer.
The Effect of Pain Management by Nurses on the Satisfaction Rate of Patients after Abdominal Surgery

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract:
Introduction: Annually more than hundreds of million people undergo surgical operations and experience postoperative pain. Pain is one of the most common problems in postoperative nursing cares. This study was aimed to determine the effect of pain management by nurses on the satisfaction rate of patients undergone abdominal surgery.
Methods : In this quasi experimental study, data gathering was done by using demographic and pain questionnaire, a questionnaire for patients satisfaction of nursing care and pain control visual scale (0-10). Study samples included hospitalized patients of Sabzevar Emdad Shahid Beheshti hospital who were candidates of surgery. They were selected according to Poisson distribution and the sample qualifications (aged 15-65 years…). First control group sampling was done and patients (65 patients) were asked to fill out the demographic questionnaire. Then three training sessions of 45-60 minutes about systematic management of pain were conducted for the personnel and the care process was performed on 60 experimental cases for one month. Then the satisfaction rates of patients in both groups were obtained within the first 24 hours and 72 hours after admission.
Results: The two groups were matched in regard to age, sex and surgery type (P>0.05). According to the obtained results, 98% of the control group were not satisfied of the first systematic pain management and 2% were relatively satisfied. While in the second pain management, 71% were not and 29% were satisfied of the pain management. In the experimental group, 94% were relatively satisfied and 6% were satisfied of the first pain management, while 65% were relatively satisfied and 35% were satisfied of the second pain management. Independent t-test revealed a significant difference between the two groups in regard to their satisfaction rate of systematic pain management in the first 24 hours and 72 hours after admission (P<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems that pain management by nurse increases the satisfaction rate of the patients undergoing abdominal surgeries and by increasing their satisfaction rate, they will be able to participate in their treatment process and consequently more comfort for the patients and higher levels of health will be provided for the community.

Keywords: Pain management, Pain, Patient’s satisfaction, Abdominal surgery
Potential Allergenicity of Novel Proteins in Murine Models

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Bioengineered crops represent an important advancement for farmers who want to avoid losses caused by insect infestations or adverse environmental conditions. However, the use of modern biotechnology has raised questions regarding the safety of bioengineered foods because of the potential allergenicity of proteins expressed by the newly introduced genes. Standard approaches for safety assessment of these foods are still evolving. Animal models have been suggested as a tool that could help evaluate the potential allergenicity of such compounds. Several investigators are developing animal models to evaluate novel proteins, but none of these have yet been validated. This article reviews the published murine models, rat and mouse in particular, and the different methods used to evaluate parameters related to allergy. It also addresses the factors involved in the development of a model. Finally, it raises some questions that should be considered by the international community so that financial and intellectual efforts can be addressed in a unified manner.
SU‐F‐BRD‐12: Prostate Cancer Dose Escalation Including Lymph Nodes: A Planning Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Dose escalation improves local control for prostate cancer but not overall survival (OS), only systemic therapy such as ADT can improve OS. One explanation is that occult diseases in the lymph nodes (LNs) are either not treated, or treated at inadequate level. This study explores dose escalation using IMRT with reduced margins. Methods: 14 previously treated patients were selected. The CTV1 includes prostate and seminal vesicles, and CTV2 includes pelvic LNs. OARs include rectum, bladder, small bowel, femoral heads, and penile bulb. Reference plan (RP) was designed to follow RTOG‐0521, with 10 mm margin for PTVs. In phase I, both PTVs are prescribed to 1.8 Gy/fx for 26 fractions. In phase II, PTV1 is boosted for another 16 fractions. In dose escalation plans (DEPs), margins from 0 to 10 mm are added to form PTVs, which are prescribed to 1.8 Gy/fx for 42 fractions. 95% of PTVs are covered by prescription. Results: The CTV1/CTV2 has volume of 63±20 and 415±132 cc. To keep bladder Dmean same as in RP, margin must be ≤6 mm in DEPs. Similarly, margin needs to be ≤7 mm for rectum Dmean. For small bowel, even at margin of 0, Dmean and EUDs on DEPs are higher than RP, because RP was also IMRT. Instead, QUANTEC criteria of “45Gy volume<195cc” was adopted. 6/14 patients fail this criteria in RP. For the remaining 8 patients, margins of ≤7(3) mm are necessary for 6(2) patients, respectively. Conclusion: To escalate LNs to full dose, planning margins need to be ≤6 mm to achieve same tolerance for rectum and bladder. A large variation in patient anatomy exists for small bowel and dose escalation was possible for half of patients with ≤6 mm margin. Investigations of whether and how ≤6 mm margin can be achieved through image guidance are needed.
Reactivity of Aziridine Aldehyde Dimers and their Utility in the Synthesis of Peptidomimetics

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Amino aldehydes are important building blocks in organic synthesis. However, due to the innate propensity for condensation to occur upon combination of aldehydes and amines, uprotected amino aldehydes are unstable. One exception to this is the existence of dimeric aziridine aldehydes. We have shown that the enhanced stability observed with these unprotected aziridine aldehydes is due to their dimeric nature. In addition, we have shown that reversible dimer dissociation plays a key role in the kinetics and stereoselectivity of subsequent reactions. \nReductive amination with the unprotected amino aldehyde dimers occurs without double addition or epimerization. The resulting aziridine conjugates were used towards a convergent synthesis of aminomethylene peptidomimetics, by aziridine ring opening with C-terminal peptide thioacids. We have shown that we can also utilize the aziridine aldehydes towards the assembly of branched peptides.
Intimate partner violence is associated with poorer maternal mental health and breastfeeding practices in Bangladesh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) can have profound adverse consequences on maternal and child health. This study aimed to: (1) identify factors associated with IPV during pregnancy and postpartum in Bangladesh; and (2) assess the associations between IPV and maternal mental health and breastfeeding practices. We used data from a cross-sectional survey of 2000 mothers with children &lt;6 months in four districts in Bangladesh. We applied multivariable logistic regression models to examine factors associated with IPV and structural equation modelling to assess the inter-relationships between IPV, maternal common mental disorders (CMD, measured by Self-reporting Questionnaire ≥7) and breastfeeding practices. Overall, 49.7% of mothers experienced violence during the last 12 months and 28% of mothers had high levels of CMD. Only 54% of women reported early initiation of breastfeeding and 64% reported exclusive breastfeeding. Women were more likely to experience IPV if living in food-insecure households, being of low socio-economic status, having low autonomy or experiencing inequality in education compared with husbands (OR ranged from 1.6 to 2.8). Women exposed to IPV were 2–2.3 times more likely to suffer from high levels of CMD and 28–34% less likely to breastfeed their babies exclusively. The indirect path (the indirect effects of IPV on breastfeeding through CMD) through maternal CMD accounted for 14% of the relationship between IPV on breastfeeding practice. In conclusion, IPV is pervasive in Bangladesh and is linked to increased risks of CMD and poor breastfeeding practices. Integrating effective interventions to mitigate IPV, along with routine maternal and child health services and involving men in counselling services, could help both to reduce exposure to IPV among women and to contribute to better health outcomes for women and children.
Forecasting the Term Structure of Variance Swaps

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Recently, Diebold and Li (2003) obtained good forecasting results for yield curves in a reparametrized Nelson-Siegel framework. We analyze similar modeling approaches for price curves of variance swaps that serve nowadays as hedging instruments for options on realized variance. We consider the popular Heston model, reparametrize its variance swap price formula and model the entire variance swap curves by two exponential factors whose loadings evolve dynamically on a weekly basis. Generalizing this approach we consider a reparametrization of the three-dimensional Nelson-Siegel factor model. We show that these factors can be interpreted as level, slope and curvature and how they can be estimated directly from characteristic points of the curves. Moreover, we analyze a semiparametric factor model. Estimating autoregressive models for the factor loadings we get termstructure forecasts that we compare in addition to the random walk and the static Heston model that is often used in industry. In contrast to the results of Diebold and Li (2003) on yield curves, no model produces better forecasts of variance swap curves than the random walk but forecasting the Heston model improves the popular static Heston model. Moreover, the Heston model is better than the flexible semiparametric approach that outperforms the Nelson-Siegel model.
Diagnostic value of immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin biopsy specimens for bullous pemphigoid

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In contrast to previous studies, our findings in an unselected patient cohort indicate that IHCA are not sufficiently sensitive to replace DIF studies for confirming the diagnosis of BP. IHCA sensitivity significantly increases in the presence of histological blistering and/or of circulating autoantibodies. IHCA represents a potential rescue diagnostic technique only if specialized laboratories and/or a second biopsy specimen for DIF are unavailable.
Centring knowledge democracy within policy-making for sustainability and resilience: A discussion of the Kenyan drylands

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Culture, environment and, therefore, knowledge of socioeconomic constructs are intricately interwoven. Over the past decade or two, pastoralists without formal education in Kenyan drylands have increasingly found themselves on the receiving end of community empowerment trainings that lean towards human–wildlife conflict and environmental conservation. Why would research entities set aside mega budgets to teach the pastoralist about human–wildlife conflict? A pastoralist who has long roamed drylands with his livestock grazing alongside elephants and lions, and whose major life transition ceremonies, celebrations, songs, riddles, proverbs, sayings, poetry and jokes fundamentally feature wildlife. What makes these trainings in ‘imparting knowledge’ superior to the ‘indigenous knowledge’ already in the custody of the Borana or the Turkana or the Rendile? This article explores the relevance of community-based knowledges in addressing sustainable development and climate resilience, as articulated by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The specific setting for this discussion is the Kenyan drylands, which are central to the achievement of the SDG agenda given that they constitute 84 percent of Kenya’s total land surface. They also host up to 75 percent of Kenya’s wildlife population, account for more than 80 percent of the country’s eco-tourism interests and support about 9.9 million Kenyans, or approximately 34 percent of the Kenyan population. Today, the drylands are impoverished, deficient for both humans and nature. Their vulnerability to disasters is amplified, while their resilience to shocks is greatly weakened, a situation made worse by climate change. To understand the importance of community-based knowledges within policy making for sustainability and resilience, this article examines in detail epistemological, social, historical, political and environmental factors converging on the Kenyan drylands, as well as the opportunity to address this complexity that the SDGs represent.