jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Efficacy, feasibility and patient acceptability of ultrasound‐guided manual vacuum aspiration for treating early pregnancy loss

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Ultrasound‐guided manual vacuum aspiration ( USG ‐ MVA ) is an effective but underutilised alternative to medical or surgical evacuation of the uterus following first trimester miscarriage. Aims To evaluate the efficacy, feasibility and patient acceptability of USG ‐ MVA for treating early pregnancy loss. Material and Methods We invited patients with early pregnancy losses to participate in this prospective cohort study. We reviewed the medical records of the participants and their visual analogue pain score during MVA . Primary outcomes were efficacy, feasibility and patient acceptability of USG ‐ MVA . Secondary outcomes included the success rate of culture of chorionic villi for chromosomal analysis and complications from the USG ‐ MVA procedure. Results We included a consecutive series of 35 women who underwent the USG ‐ MVA procedure. The efficacy of USG ‐ MVA in achieving complete evacuation was 97.1%. The procedure was well tolerated and the mean procedure‐related pain score was 6.25 out of 10 ( SD 1.55). Overall, all patients were satisfied with the procedure. The successful culture rate of chromosomal analysis was 94.3%. There were no major complications. Conclusion USG ‐ MVA is an effective treatment for the management of early pregnancy loss in an out‐patient setting. It is an alternative to surgical evacuation under general anaesthesia, particularly for women desiring chromosomal analysis of products of conception. Further studies are required to investigate its health‐related and economic benefits in hospital service provision.
CONVEX IMAGE ORIENTATION FROM RELATIVE ORIENTATIONS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. In this paper we propose a novel workflow for the estimation of global image orientations given relative orientations between pairs of overlapping images. Our approach is convex and independent on initial values. First, global rotations are estimated in a relaxed semidefinite program (SDP) and refined in an iterative least squares adjustment in the tangent space of SO(3). A critical aspect is the handling of outliers in the relative orientations. We present a novel heuristic graph based approach for filtering the relative rotations that outperforms state-of-the-art robust rotation averaging algorithms. In a second part we make use of point-observations, tracked over a set of overlapping images and formulate a linear homogeneous system of equations to transfer the scale information between triplets of images, using estimated global rotations and relative translation directions. The final step consists of refining the orientation parameters in a robust bundle adjustment. The proposed approach handles outliers in the homologous points and relative orientations in every step of the processing chain. We demonstrate the robustness of the procedure on synthetic data. Moreover, the performance of our approach is illustrated on real world benchmark data.
The Dynamics of Social Assistance Recipiency: Empirical Evidence from Norway

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is considerable concern about long-term recipiency of social assistance in many western countries today. Social assistance is intended to be a temporary solution for unforeseen individual problems, but there are worries that long-term recipiency of social assistance may lead to dependency. In this article, the duration of social assistance periods are investigated using Norwegian administrative data covering the years 1992–2002. Two types of analysis were performed. First, discrete time–event history analysis was used to investigate the duration of social assistance and the likelihood of re-entries among those who succeed in exiting social assistance. Second, panel data methods were used to study the amount of money that individuals receive in social assistance. The results show that most periods of social assistance are relatively short. However, there is variation, including some long-term periods, and a large proportion of those who exit social assistance later re-enter. Immigrants, especially those from African, Asian and Eastern European countries are found to receive more social assistance payments, and for longer periods, than people born in Norway. There is no difference between immigrants and people born in Norway with regard to the likelihood of re-entering. The study also shows that there are many who receive universal benefits in addition to social assistance. Based on such findings, we question the common understanding of the social assistance system as a secondary system and safety net for those who fall outside the traditional universal benefit system, and argue that more attention should be paid to the importance of institutional factors than to discourse on dependency.
Enhancive effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin a on transfection and antitumor efficiency of adenovirus in human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

目的 研究通过观察组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)抑制剂曲古抑菌素A(TSA)对人类白血病细胞系K562柯萨奇-腺病毒受体(CAR)表达水平的影响,并探讨HDAC抑制剂在以腺病毒为载体的基因治疗中的应用价值.方法 在mRNA和蛋白水平检测TSA处理K562细胞前后CAR的表达情况,采用流式细胞术测定病毒的转染效率,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测腺病毒及其携带的基因的体外抗瘤效应.结果 TSA处理后,K562细胞CAR的mRNA和蛋白表达明显增高;流式细胞仪分析ADV-GFP转染K562后GFP的表达发现:未处理组的转染率为(8.74±0.34)%,1、10和100 nmol/LTSA处理细胞48h后的转染率分别为(12.26±0.55)%、(20.83±1.22)%和(28.66±0.43)%.未处理组与处理组间及各处理组间转染效率的差异有统计学意义(P《0.05).MTT结果表明腺病毒M1介导的体外杀伤效应TSA处理组比未处理组增强(P《0.05),TSA各处理组间的体外杀伤效应随TSA浓度的提高而增强(P《0.05).结论 低浓度的TSA可以增强腺病毒对K562细胞的感染及杀伤效率,可以提高以腺病毒为载体的血液肿瘤基因治疗的疗效。
The Implicit Regularization of Dynamical Stability in Stochastic Gradient Descent

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study the implicit regularization of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) through the lens of {\em dynamical stability} (Wu et al., 2018). We start by revising existing stability analyses of SGD, showing how the Frobenius norm and trace of Hessian relate to different notions of stability. Notably, if a global minimum is linearly stable for SGD, then the trace of Hessian must be less than or equal to $2/η$, where $η$ denotes the learning rate. By contrast, for gradient descent (GD), the stability imposes a similar constraint but only on the largest eigenvalue of Hessian. We then turn to analyze the generalization properties of these stable minima, focusing specifically on two-layer ReLU networks and diagonal linear networks. Notably, we establish the {\em equivalence} between these metrics of sharpness and certain parameter norms for the two models, which allows us to show that the stable minima of SGD provably generalize well. By contrast, the stability-induced regularization of GD is provably too weak to ensure satisfactory generalization. This discrepancy provides an explanation of why SGD often generalizes better than GD. Note that the learning rate (LR) plays a pivotal role in the strength of stability-induced regularization. As the LR increases, the regularization effect becomes more pronounced, elucidating why SGD with a larger LR consistently demonstrates superior generalization capabilities. Additionally, numerical experiments are provided to support our theoretical findings.
Inhibiting theDNAdamage response as a therapeutic manoeuvre in cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The DNA damage response ( DDR ), consisting of an orchestrated network of proteins effecting repair and signalling to cell cycle arrest, to allow time to repair, is essential for cell viability and to prevent DNA damage being passed on to daughter cells. The DDR is dysregulated in cancer with some pathways up‐regulated and others down‐regulated or lost. Up‐regulated pathways can confer resistance to anti‐cancer DNA damaging agents. Therefore, inhibitors of key components of these pathways have the potential to prevent this therapeutic resistance. Conversely, defects in a particular DDR pathway may lead to dependence on a complementary pathway. Inhibition of this complementary pathway may result in tumour‐specific cell killing. Thus, inhibitors of the DDR have the potential to increase the efficacy of DNA damaging chemotherapy and radiotherapy and have single‐agent activity against tumours with a specific DDR defect. This review describes the compounds that have been designed to inhibit specific DDR targets and summarizes the pre‐clinical and clinical evaluation of these inhibitors of DNA damage signalling and repair. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Therapeutic Aspects in Oncology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.169.issue‐8
Role of Exogenous Application of Alpha-Tocopherol in Reducing Low Temperature Stress in Bell Pepper

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Changing climatic conditions have an impact on the commercial harvest and production of Capsicum annuum L. across the world. It is a summer crop that grows best at 21°C (low) to 37 °C (high) temperature. Changes in normal growth, poor shoot and root length, increased antioxidant activity, low sugar content, high proline content, and poor yield were observed in bell pepper at low temperature stress. A research trial was conducted on bell peppers in the Department of Plant Pathology at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Bell peppers were cultivated hydroponically and alpha-tocopherol control (0ppm), 25ppm, 50ppm, and 100ppm were applied in foliar application. At the reproductive period, a low temperature stress of 18 °C day and 15 °C night was used given. After seven days of foliar spray, plants were exposed to cold temperatures during the day and night. After seven days of stress, the plants were harvested and morphological, physiological, and biochemical data were examined. Plant growth, leaf area, number of leaves, buds, and flowers, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, cell membrane permeability, total soluble sugar, total reducing sugar, protein contents, and total free amino acid levels were all reduced when exposed to high temperatures. When the stress of low temperature was applied, there was a rise in proline, phenolic, flavonoid, H2O2, MDA, enzymatic antioxidants SOD, CAT, POD, and in APX. Under temperature stress, foliar application of alpha-tocopherol significantly improved CAT, POD, APX activity, decreased MDA, H2O2, and improved proline content. Exogenously administered alpha-tocopherol was found to be effective in boosting capsicum growth and antioxidant capability under low temperature stress.
Differential regulation of IgA+ B cells in vitro by stromal cells from distinctive anatomical compartments

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract B cell development is regulated by stromal cells (SCs) that form a supportive microenvironment. These SCs along with other cell types produce cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules that guide B cell commitment and differentiation. BM, spleen (Sp), and the gut lamina propria (LP) constitute distinctive anatomical compartments that support B cell differentiation. In order to characterize and compare the signals necessary to generate IgA+ B cells, we developed an in vitro system to co-culture gut LP, BM, or Sp-derived SCs with B lineage cells. Using this co-culture system, we found that gut LP SCs promote IgA+ B cell accumulation through the production of soluble stimulatory factors. In contrast to gut LP SCs, BM and splenic SCs were found to impair IgA+ B cell accumulation in vitro. Taken together, these observations provide new insights into how SCs derived from different anatomical locations shape IgA+ B cell responses.
The “Science” behind a Successful Field Trip to the Zoo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A field trip to the local zoo is often a staple in many elementary school curricula. Many zoos offer free entry to local teachers and their students. Teachers take students on field trips to enrich the curriculum, make connections to what students are learning in school, and provide students with meaningful learning experiences (Kisiel 2007). However, teachers often struggle to find a balance between allowing students the opportunity to freely explore exhibits of their choice for their preferred time periods and making students adhere to a rigid lesson that limits their opportunities to wonder and discover but reinforces or introduces content that fits their curriculum. By providing students with opportunities to explore and develop their science process skills through multidisciplinary lessons, teachers can help students funnel their curiosity into meaningful learning experiences. The following lessons are examples of how to incorporate student curiosity and excitement about animals into grade-level appropriate activities for students before, during, and after zoo field trips. Each activity takes place over three class sessions, ranging from 30 min to 1 hr per session. The activities are divided into three grade levels: K–1, 2–3, and 4–5.
REGIONAL POLICY IN THE FIELD OF CULTURE AS AN AREA OF PROJECT ACTIVITY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article examines the problem of the implementation of regional cultural policy as an area of project activity in the Chelyabinsk region. The general concepts related to regional cultural policy and project activities are discussed. Statistical data on the practice of project activities in the implementation of regional cultural policy are presented. The main problems that hinder the implementation of cultural policy in the Chelyabinsk region are identifi ed and ways to solve these problems are summarized. The importance of using the project approach in the implementation of regional cultural policy is emphasized as one of the most competitive technologies, thanks to which it is possible to achieve high results in the development of the cultural sphere.
Tracking functions of cGMP-dependent protein kinases (cGK)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The options available for distinguishing the effects of cGMP mediated by cGK versus those mediated by other cGMP targets are discussed and evaluated. These include the unnecessary but often sole reliance on synthetic, small-molecule activators and inhibitors of cGK which are increasingly recognized as deficient in specificity. Other important adjunct options include cGK overexpression using adenoviral vectors and transgenic animals, or use of cGK-deficient systems, i.e. cells which have spontaneously lost cGK during repetitive passaging in cell culture, cells treated with siRNA, or genetically-engineered cGK-deficient mice. Finally, cGK-dependent phosphorylation of substrates such as vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE 5) is described as a useful monitor of cGK presence and activity associated with physiological functions or dysfunctions of signaling pathways.
Insolubilized Glucoamylase Enzyme System for Continuous Production of Dextrose

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsolubilized Glucoamylase Enzyme System for Continuous Production of DextroseClay Gruesbeck and H. F. RaseCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1972, 11, 1, 74–83Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360041a013https://doi.org/10.1021/i360041a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Human Hydroxyacid Oxidase (HAO1); A Target Enabling Package

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This project provides the tools and data to develop small molecule inhibitors for an inherited metabolic disorder (Primary hyperoxaluria type 1) due to the defective enzyme (AGXT), by targeting the enzyme (HAO1) upstream of the glyoxylate metabolic pathway to mitigate the defect (i.e. substrate reduction approach). This TEP package includes recombinant human HAO1 purification protocols, structures of the HAO1 in different states, in vitro assays to detect ligand/inhibitor binding (DSF, SPR) and enzyme activity (amplex red assay) of human HAO1, as well as initial chemical matters identified from crystallography-based fragment screening.
RECOVERY OF ADDITIONAL EXOTIC PREDATORS OF BALSAM WOOLLY ADELGID,ADELGES PICEAE(RATZEBURG) (HOMOPTERA: ADELGIDAE), IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Shortly after the discovery of the introduction of balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg), to the south coast of British Columbia, a predator release program was initiated to establish a complex of European and Asian adelgid predators to supplement existing native predators. Between 1960 and 1969, eight species of exotic predators, Aphidoletes thompsoni Mohn (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Cremifania nigrocellulata Czerny and Leucopis hennigrata McAlpine [= Leucopis sp. nr. melanopus Tanas. (McAlpine 1978)] (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), Laricobius erichsonii Rosenhauer (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), Aphidecta obliterata (L.), Scymnus (Pullus) impexus Mulsant, and Scymnus (S.) pumilio (Weise) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and Tetraphleps abdulghani Ghauri (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), were released (Clark et al. 1971; Schooley et al. 1984).
The German Spa and Health Resort Industry in the Light of Health Care System Reforms

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The German health care system has been under increasing pressure over the past decades due to escalating health care costs. A number of reforms have been introduced to ensure a fair and sustainable financing of the health care system. These reforms also have had a significant impact on the health and wellness tourism market and pose great challenges and also new opportunities for the industry. Special reference is made to the important senior market for which health and wellness have become key aspects influencing travel behavior. This can be seen as a positive trend, particularly for the traditional spas and health resorts in Germany. However, the situation is far more complex as outlined with the case example of Bad Wörishofen.
Progress in Proctology

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Book reviews of the coagulation defect in the report of knowledge of the abundant systematized the Medical Research Council's trial of and well studied human tumours with anticoagulants in acute myocardial in-which they are comparable.There are farction presented for the first time at this also sections on tumours induced by meeting are thus not recorded.Likewise, radiation and other methods.It is an intro- Professor Mitchell's outspoken comments duction to the subject for the general on computerized data, which was one of reader with veterinary interests rather than the focal points of the session, are lost.a supplement to the well known majorThe wisdom of publication in full of texts on bone tumours available for papers presented at meetings is always specialists.There is a compendious biblio- questionable, but the editors and dis-graphy.The radiographs and clinical tinguished contributors to this volume pictures of animal tumours are of high have produced a publication which ranks quality and likely to be unfamiliar to as one of the best of its class.medical, as opposed to veterinary, L. POLLER pathologists.A. LEVENE
Management and outcome of focal low-grade brainstem tumors in pediatric patients: the St. Jude experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Object Whereas diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas generally have a short symptom duration and more cranial nerve involvement, focal brainstem gliomas are commonly low grade, with fewer cranial neuropathies. Although these phenotypic distinctions are not absolute predictors of outcome, they do demonstrate correlation in most cases. Because there is a limited literature on focal brainstem gliomas in pediatric patients, the objective of this paper was to report the management and outcome of these tumors. Methods The authors reviewed the records of all children diagnosed with radiographically confirmed low-grade focal brainstem gliomas from 1986 to 2010. Each patient underwent biopsy or resection for tissue diagnosis. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival were evaluated. Univariate analysis was conducted to identify demographic and treatment variables that may affect EFS. Results Fifty-two patients (20 girls, 32 boys) with follow-up data were identified. Median follow-up was 10.0 years, and the median age at diagnosis was 6.5 years (range 1–17 years). The tumor locations were midbrain (n = 22, 42%), pons (n = 15, 29%), and medulla (n = 15, 29%). Surgical extirpation was the primary treatment in 25 patients (48%). The 5- and 10-year EFS and overall survival were 59%/98% and 52%/90%, respectively. An event or treatment failure occurred in 24 patients (46%), including 5 deaths. Median time to treatment failure was 3.4 years. Disease progression in the other 19 patients transpired within 25.1 months of diagnosis. Thirteen of these patients received radiation, including 11 within 2 months of primary treatment failure. Although children with intrinsic tumors had slightly better EFS at 5 years compared with those with exophytic tumors (p = 0.054), this difference was not significant at 10 years (p = 0.147). No other variables were predictive of EFS. Conclusions Surgery suffices in many children with low-grade focal brainstem gliomas. Radiation treatment is often reserved for disease progression but offers comparable disease control following biopsy. In the authors' experience, combining an assessment of clinical course, imaging, and tumor biopsy yields a reasonable model for managing children with focal brainstem tumors.