jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The importance of knowledge and curriculum in understanding students’ educational experiences of higher education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, I argue that to understand students’ educational experiences of higher education, we need to have a richer understanding of the role of knowledge and curricula in shaping these experiences. Drawing on Basil Bernstein’s notion of the pedagogic device, I argue that the curriculum expresses the educational intention of a degree programme. I argue that the educational intention of a curriculum needs to be based on an understanding of the particular students who will study it, the knowledge that constitutes it and a clear sense of who students are expected to become through engaging with it. This approach highlights the importance of higher education institutions in providing a context for the design of curricula and the importance of the subject expertise of higher education teachers. I explore the implications of the approach for understanding educational quality and academic development in higher education.
Thermodynamic and Hydrogen-Bonding Analyses of the Interaction between Model Lipid Bilayers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents further analysis of a system containing two graphene plates with attached phosphatidylcholine lipid headgroups embedded in water, which models a lipid bilayer. Previously, we performed molecular dynamics simulations on this system, calculated the potential of mean force (PMF) between plates (Eun, C.; Berkowitz, M. L. J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 13222-13228), and also performed a structural analysis of water in the confined space between the plates. Here, we perform thermodynamic analysis of the PMF and, in addition to the previous analysis of water that considered density plots and the OH bond orientational profiles, we perform hydrogen bonding analysis of water. We show that the structural analysis of water is consistent with the thermodynamic results we obtained for the PMF.
Fading Ricardian Equivalence in Ageing Japan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Japan seems to be turning less Ricardian, a trend set to continue. First, the discount wedge seems to have risen, suggesting that consumers have become more myopic. Second, some evidence points to the possibility that an increasing number of households are liquidity constrained. If these developments continue, the impact of fiscal policy on the economy will gradually rise. While this will facilitate using fiscal policy to manage the economic cycle, it also calls for starting fiscal consolidation soon and in a gradual and steady manner, given the unsustainable public debt and the likely increasing challenges in funding the government's rising debt domestically.
Tinea capitis micro-epidemic by Microsporum canis in a day care center of Vitória - Espírito

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

3 Abstract: Tinea Capitis of the scalp is an infection of the skin and hair of this area caused by the dermatophytes of the Microsporum and Trichophyton genus. It preferentially attacks pre- school and school children due to their greater contact with infection sources. The authors report a micro-epidemic of Tinea Capitis of the scalp in 11 children of a day care center of Vitoria (ES), between two and six years of age, 61% of masculine sex. They presented round- ed, scaly lesions with tonsured hair, large and unique in the frontal, occipital and parietal regions. In two cases the scalp was diffusely attacked. The direct mycology showed parasitism of the ectothrix type, and 45.5% of the cultures were positive for Microsporum canis, justified by the history of contact between some children of the day care center and stray dogs of the district.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Pten Regulates Epithelial Cytodifferentiation during Prostate Development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gene expression and functional studies have indicated that the molecular programmes in-volved in prostate development are also active in prostate cancer. PTEN has been implicat-ed in human prostate cancer and is frequently mutated in this disease. Here, using the Nkx3.1:Cremouse strain and a genetic deletion approach, we investigate the role of Pten specifically in the developing mouse prostate epithelia. In contrast to its role in other devel-oping organs, this gene is dispensable for the initial developmental processes such as bud-ding and branching. However, as cytodifferentiation progresses, abnormal luminal cells fill the ductal lumens together with augmented epithelial proliferation. This phenotype resem-bles the hyperplasia seen in postnatal Pten deletion models that develop neoplasia at later stages. Consistent with this, gene expression analysis showed a number of genes affected that are shared with Ptenmutant prostate cancer models, including a decrease in androgen receptor regulated genes. In depth analysis of the phenotype of these mice during develop-ment revealed that loss of Pten leads to the precocious differentiation of epithelial cells to-wards a luminal cell fate. This study provides novel insight into the role of Pten in prostate development as part of the process of coordinating the differentiation and proliferation of cell types in time and space to form a functional organ.
Combined symptoms of social communication impairments: promising signs for early screening of autism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: It’s difficult to discover autism as early as possible for early intervention because no generally accepted effective signs could be used for early detection. This article aims to investigate highfrequency traits of autism and identify predictive signs for early screening.
Methods: A comprehensive observation scale was completed by parents. The common traits of 228 cases of children who were diagnosed as typical autism were collected and analysed with SPSS24.0.
Results: Impairments in “social communication” and “language development” are the most serious during the four aspects (P 0.05).
Conclusions: The results suggest that high-frequency combined traits in “social communication” could be used as early signs for screening and detection of autism.
The Relationship between Internet Usage, Alcohol Consumption and Drug Abuse among Malaysian University Students based on respondent’s demographics: a Quantitative Analysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Malaysia is ranked as the 10th largest consumer of alcohol concerning its population size. Furthermore, Malaysia's position is 71st in per capita cigarette consumption, indicating an average of 646 cigarettes smoked by each adult annually. The primary aims of this research endeavor encompass comprehending the connections between Internet usage motives, attitudes towards the Internet, drug abuse, and alcohol intake with considerations based on gender, income, religious beliefs, and educational level. Employing a quantitative approach, the current investigation utilizes a questionnaire survey to fulfill its objectives, with a sample size of 440 respondents from University Putra Malaysia. The selection of students was carried out through stratified random sampling. The correlation between Internet usage purpose and attitudes, concerning alcohol consumption, did not yield statistically significant results. Conversely, a noteworthy correlation was found between purpose and attitudes towards Internet usage and drug abuse. The mediating role of attitudes towards the Internet between independent and dependent variables was substantiated. The model indicated that gender, income, and religion have moderator effects, while educational level did not exhibit such influence. Keywords: Internet Usage, Alcohol Drinking, Drug Abuse, Malaysian University Students
Freedom and Cultural Consciousness: Black Working-Class Parades in Post-Katrina New Orleans

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

:This analysis of public parading in New Orleans extends a cultural sociology framework to shed new light on the importance of public parades in the construction of meaning in the postdisaster city. Not dependent upon a functioning city structure for their existence, public parades reemerged in the months following Katrina and have remained self-generating resources creating the logic and momentum for rebuilding communities and meaning in local life. Among these are parades of Mardi Gras Indian Tribes and Social Aid and Pleasure Clubs in which historical narratives of fictive Indian tribes and fictive nouveau riche are annually reinvented. Performances—involving body adornment, processional display, improvisational music, and dance—express symbols of freedom, while the collective participation that is a central tenet to these rituals creates an enduring cultural consciousness of self and city. For participants and observers, these mass gatherings on public streets provide a purpose, a process, and a gauge of recovery of the city's culture in post-Katrina New Orleans.
A Fast Algorithm for Low Rank + Sparse column-wise Compressive Sensing

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper focuses studies the following low rank + sparse (LR+S) column-wise compressive sensing problem. We aim to recover an $n \times q$ matrix, $\X^* =[ \x_1^*, \x_2^*, \cdots , \x_q^*]$ from $m$ independent linear projections of each of its $q$ columns, given by $\y_k :=\A_k\x_k^*$, $k \in [q]$. Here, $\y_k$ is an $m$-length vector with $m < n$. We assume that the matrix $\X^*$ can be decomposed as $\X^*=Ł^*+§^*$, where $Ł^*$ is a low rank matrix of rank $r << \min(n,q)$ and $§^*$ is a sparse matrix. Each column of $§$ contains $ρ$ non-zero entries. The matrices $\A_k$ are known and mutually independent for different $k$. To address this recovery problem, we propose a novel fast GD-based solution called AltGDmin-LR+S, which is memory and communication efficient. We numerically evaluate its performance by conducting a detailed simulation-based study.
REVERSIBILITY OF ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite continuous prolonged T suppression for up to 3 years due to histrelin implant, LH and T increased rapidly following implant removal, indicating that suppression is reversible. In view of the 9-month suppression of LH and T after the last depot GnRH injection in 7 of 8 patients, it is possible to space GnRH agonist administration at longer intervals. However, T must be monitored to determine that suppression is maintained.
Knowledge regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder of children among school teachers at Lalitpur

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders affecting children. ADHD knowledge among teachers helps managing such children. This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding ADHD of children among school teachers at Lalitpur, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 124 primary school teachers in 19 government schools of Lalitpur Metropolitan City. A standard tool “Knowl­edge of Attention Deficit Disorders Scale (KADDS)” was used, which is valid and reliable tool designed by Sciutto and colleagues. Data were collected from 2017/06/20 to 2017/07/20. Data were analyzed using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi square test) for frequency distribution and association between levels of knowledge regarding ADHD with selected variables. Results: Eighty-five (68.5%) female and 39 (31.5%) male teachers with the mean age 41.85 ± 8.80 years (range 18 to 58 years) were enrolled. Majority teachers were married (94.4%) and from urban area (75%) with bachelor’s degree (37.9%) as their educational qualification and 11 to 20 years of teaching experiences (42.74%). The significant influencing variables were educational qualification (p = 0.009), type of service (p = 0.018), teaching experiences (p = 0.002), in-service education on ADHD (p = 0.004) and experience with ADHD students (p = 0.001). The study showed that 94 (75.8%) teachers had poor knowledge. Conclusions: It was concluded that three fourth of the teachers had poor knowledge about ADHD. Teachers knowledge will help to identify, refer and help in management of children with ADHD.
Human apolipoprotein E isoforms differentially affect bone mass and turnover in vivo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The primary role of apolipoprotein E (apoE) is to mediate the cellular uptake of lipoproteins. However, a new role for apoE as a regulator of bone metabolism in mice has recently been established. In contrast to mice, the human APOE gene is characterized by three common isoforms APOE ε2, ε3, and ε4 that result in different metabolic properties of the apoE isoforms, but it remains controversial whether the APOE polymorphism influences bone traits in humans. To clarify this, we investigated bone phenotypes of apoE knock-in (k.i.) mice, which express one human isoform each (apoE2 k.i., apoE3 k.i., apoE4 k.i.) in place of the mouse apoE. Analysis of 12-week-old female k.i. mice revealed increased levels of biochemical bone formation and resorption markers in apoE2 k.i. animals as compared to apoE3 k.i. and apoE4 k.i., with a reduced osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) ratio in apoE2 k.i., indicating increased turnover with prevailing resorption in apoE2 k.i. Accordingly, histomorphometric and micro–computed tomography (µCT) analyses demonstrated significantly lower trabecular bone mass in apoE2 than in apoE3 and apoE4 k.i. animals, which was reflected by a significant reduction of lumbar vertebrae maximum force resistance. Unlike trabecular bone, femoral cortical thickness, and stability was not differentially affected by the apoE isoforms. To extend these observations to the human situation, plasma from middle-aged healthy men homozygous for ε2/ε2, ε3/ε3, and ε4/ε4 (n = 21, n = 80, n = 55, respectively) was analyzed with regard to bone turnover markers. In analogy to apoE2 k.i. mice, a lower OPG/RANKL ratio was observed in the serum of ε2/ε2 carriers as compared to ε3/ε3 and ε4/ε4 individuals (p = 0.02 for ε2/ε2 versus ε4/ε4). In conclusion, the current data strongly underline the general importance of apoE as a regulator of bone metabolism and identifies the APOE ε2 allele as a potential genetic risk factor for low trabecular bone mass and vertebral fractures in humans. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
A Study of the External Surface of Opuntia Imbricata (Haworth) DC

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A comparative study was made of the subterranean and aerial por- tions of 0. imbricata. This plant had a fibrous root system which branched out into the quaternary division. Roots of both tertiary and quaternary divisions were fairly well covered with hairs. The surface area of the tops exceeded the subterranean sur- face by about 3:1. Stomates in the epidermal surface of the canes numbered 11 per sq. mm. The purpose of this investigation was to gain a better understanding of a very successful species living in an arid environment. Most of the work on desert plants has been concentrated on aerial portions and the various modifications of these plants to endure the dessicating winds, intense heat, sparse rainfall, and infertile soils characteristic of these regions. In 1911 Cannon wrote extensively of the rooting habits of desert plants in Arizona. His descriptions were confined mainly to the major roots and did not include detailed surface relationships. Since that time several papers have appeared with data on the root systems of various plants. Much of Weaver's work (1925; 1926) dealt with the root systems of crop and field plants and also grasses of the Great Plains. Included in the 1925 investigation was an estimate that root surface area exceeded the top by 35 per cent. Observations by other investigators have resulted in similar opinions, although no de- tailed study of complete surface relationships were available until Dittmer (1937) described the external surfaces of a winter rye plant. Earlier studies by Kiesselbach (1910) reported the dry weight of the tops of corn to be 7.2 times that of the roots and Pavlychenko (1937) described the entire root system of crested wheat, but complete studies showing the surface relationships of individual plants have been few. Usually one worker has described the root system of a plant or a species and another described the tops. Even though the figures may not have been of the same species and certainly not the same plant, a third investigator often attempted to correlate these results. In this paper the writer presents complete figures for a single xeric plant.
Filamentary Electron-beam Heating in Solar Flares

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the solar-flare chromospheric emission very often lead to an excess of the line intensities when compared to observations. Various studies suggest that the flare loops have a certain intrinsic, multithread internal structure, which is still not resolved by current telescopes. Taking this into account, we want to test and compare two different approaches for flare simulations. The first approach is the commonly used one, based on a continuous flux of nonthermal electrons heating the chromosphere for a rather long time. In the second approach, we consider the heating by short beam pulses consecutively within spatially unresolved filaments. Superposition of these short-duration pulses gives us the same electron-beam flux as in the first approach, but we are showing that the filamentary heating generates lower intensities in both the H α and Mg ii k lines, as expected.
Camellia renshanxiangiae, a synonym of C. punctata (Theaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Camellia renshanxiangiae is the first reported camellias with hairy anthers, which is a feature that has been ignored by previous scholars, and which also occurs in C. punctata. Since no substantial differences between C. renshanxiangiae and C. punctata were found, the former was reduced into the latter as a heterotypic synonym. In addition, the name Thea punctata is lectotypified here.
Placental transfer of the anxiolytic beta-carboline abecarnil in rabbit.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The placental transfer of abecarnil (isopropyl 6-(benzyloxy)-4- (methoxymethyl)9H-pyrido(3,4-b)indole-3-carboxylate, ZK 112 119, CAS 11184-1-85-1) was studied in the rabbit after i.v. injection of 0.1 mg/kg and oral dosing of 10 mg/kg using 14C-labeled drug and HPLC with fluorescence detection for measurement of the unchanged drug. Abecarnil easily passed the placental barrier and achieved high concentrations in the fetus. The concentration ratio C(fetus)/C(dam plasma) was 24 +/- 12 for all animals and time points. Metabolites were not able to cross the placental barrier to the same extent as the unchanged drug (ratio 1 +/- 2). The time courses of drug concentration and total radioactivity in the fetus were parallel to the respective time courses in the dams plasma. Accumulation of drug and metabolites upon multiple dosing, therefore, should not differ from that observed in the dam.
A rectangular helix microwave structure for antenna applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The project involves design, fabrication and testing of a novel broadband, circularly polarized, planar helix antenna operating at X-band that can be fabricated using printed circuit techniques. A circular helix antenna has been modified into a planar helix antenna, and the effect of various parameters like pitch angle, dimensions, feed and substrate, etc. on the impedance and radiation characteristics have been studied. The performance parameters under investigation have been S11, directivity, side lobe level, and axial ratio; these parameters have been obtained using CST Microwave Studio. The results of the simulation have been as follows; S11 was less than -10dB over a frequency of 8.3 – 11.7GHz, directivity ranged from 11.7 – 12.6dBi, side lobe level varied from -4.7dB to -16.1dB and finally axial ratio was between 0.68dB and 3.3dB. The final design has been fabricated using RO4003C dielectric substrates. The simulation results for the final design have been compared with measurement results. The measurement results for S-parameters match well with the simulation results thus leading to a circularly polarized antenna based on planar helix.
Understanding the Emerging Strategic Rivalries in the Bay of Bengal: Actors and Associated Policies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Bay of Bengal (BoB), constituting a significant portion of the northeastern Indian Ocean, is considered to be the backbone of greater Indo-Pacific economic and communication systems. With the shifting power relations at the global and regional levels and subsequent emergence of competing state interests and policies around the greater Indian Ocean region, the Bay of Bengal is lately emerging as a new theatre of strategic rivalry. To understand the essence of this rivalry, it is imperative to recognize the key actors and their associated policies. Through systematic analysis of secondary literature, this paper primarily attempts to identify a number of regional (littoral) and extra-regional powers having direct and indirect interests in the Bay of Bengal region. The paper further discusses the associated policies of these actors which are linked to the Bay. Above all, the paper unfolds a clear understanding of the emerging strategic rivalry and its future dynamics.
[Evaluation of antimicrobial prophylaxis after normal delivery].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Japan, as a measure to prevent puerperal infection, oral antimicrobial prophylaxis has been conducted after delivery in many maternity clinics. However, there are only a few reports on the evidence supporting the validity of antimicrobial prophylaxis following normal delivery. There is concern that unnecessary antimicrobial administration may be conducted in such clinics. In the present study, the puerperal females after normal delivery were placed on different treatments. A group of females received no oral antimicrobial administration. The remaining females were given cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI) in the two different doses. In this manner, we evaluated usefulness of antimicrobial prophylaxis. We compared three treatment groups with respect to the incidence of infection for the period until the first week after discharge, and obtained the following results: non-antimicrobial prophylaxis group (group A), 5.83%; antimicrobial prophylaxis group (group B), 1.77%; antimicrobial prophylaxis group (group C), 0%. In group B, the puerperal females were orally given CFTM-PI in a total daily dose of 300 mg, three times daily for three days. In group C, the puerperal females were orally given CFTM-PI in a total daily dose of 300 mg, three times daily for five days. The incidence of infection was the lowest in group C which was followed by group B and group A in this order and the significant intergroup difference was recognized (p=0.004). We also compared the total counts of bacteria, aerobes and anaerobes in lochia on the fifth day during the puerperal period with those on the first day in each treatment group. The decrease in bacterial count was the largest in group C, which was followed by group B and group A in this order. Compared with the total bacterial counts obtained on the first day, those obtained on the fifth day decreased significantly (p<0.001). The results of the present study showed usefulness of antimicrobial prophylaxis after normal delivery. As one of the factors, a significant decrease in the count of bacteria in lochia seems to contribute toward producing the satisfactory outcome.