jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Creating the place of remembrance in Hiroshima as a Japanese "lieu de mémoire" commemorating A-bombs : the role of art and architecture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article focuses on the role of architecture and art in regards to the picture of Hiroshima as a specific place of remembrance (lieu de mémoire) for Japanese society. While analyzing those aspects, not only the form and design were considered, but also the political situation in the 1940s and 1950s, as well as social moods and expectations that shaped the postwar Japan. The paper bases on a case study of an architect Tange Kenzō and Noguchi Isamu, also an architect and artist, who had a great influence onto the creation of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park.
Open radical cystectomy in England: the current standard of care – an analysis of the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) cystectomy audit and Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To establish the current standard for open radical cystectomy (ORC) in England, as data entry by surgeons performing RC to the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) database was mandated in 2013 and combining this with Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) data has allowed comprehensive outcome analysis for the first time. Patients and Methods All patients were included in this analysis if they were uploaded to the BAUS data registry and reported to have been performed in the 2 years between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2015 in England (from mandate onwards) and had been documented as being performed in an open fashion (not laparoscopic, robot assisted or the technique field left blank). The HES data were accessed via the HES website. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys Classification of Surgical Operations and Procedures version 4 (OPCS‐4) Code M34 was searched during the same 2‐year time frame (not including M34.4 for simple cystectomy or with additional minimal access codes Y75.1‐9 documenting a laparoscopic or robotic approach was used) to assess data capture. Results A total of 2 537 ORCs were recorded in the BAUS registry and 3 043 in the HES data. This indicates a capture rate of 83.4% of all cases. The median operative time was 5 h, harvesting a median of 11–20 lymph nodes, with a median blood loss of 500–1 000 mL, and a transfusion rate of 21.8%. The median length of stay was 11 days, with a 30‐day mortality rate of 1.58%. Conclusions This is the largest, contemporary cohort of ORCs in England, encompassing >80% of all performed operations. We now know the current standard for ORC in England. This provides the basis for individual surgeons and units to compare their outcomes and a standard with which future techniques and modifications can be compared.
Determination of the Thermal Conductivity of Metals and Alloys by the Method of Electrical Heating of Fine Homogeneous Rods Taking Heat Losses into Account

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : A new direction is being suggested for the measurement of the heat capacity of metals and alloys in samples in the form of thin rods with constant cross section over their entire length, heated by the indirect passage of an electric current through them, with consideration of heat losses into the surrounding medium. Calculation formulas are given for the determination of the heat capacity in cases of heating and cooling in any kind of medium and in a vacuum. (Author)
ACTIVATION OF WASTE MINING PRODUCTION IN LEACHING OF METALS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The certificate of activation of minerals in the high speed mechanisms is this. Process of change of an energy condition of minerals in the course of mechanochemical activation in a disintegrator is described. Data on efficiency of handling of tails are provided in a supercritical drum mill with a reflector. It is shown that mechanoactivation of tails allows to increase significantly end-to-end extraction of zinc, lead and iron from substandard raw materials, thereby creating conditions for application it as construction materials. The model of an economic evaluation of technology of utilization of tails is offered.
PRIMARY TUMORS OF THE URETER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

• The possibility of a ureteral tumor should be considered in any case of unilateral hydronephrosis in which the cause is not evident. In 20 cases of primary neoplasms of the ureter, 14 diagnosed as carcinoma and 6 as papilloma, 17 of the tumors were located in the lower half of the ureter. Hematuria was present microscopically in 70% (14) of the cases, and in almost all of these cases the urine was grossly bloody. The best treatment for this type of tumor, assuming a normal kidney on the opposite side, is complete nephroureterectomy with segmental bladder resection.
Real-Space Observation of Short-Period Cubic Lattice of Skyrmions in MnGe

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Three-dimensional forms of skyrmion aggregate, such as a cubic lattice of skyrmions, are anticipated to exist, yet their direct observations remain elusive. Here, we report real-space observations of spin configurations of the skyrmion-antiskyrmion cubic-lattice in MnGe with a very short period (∼3 nm) and hence endowed with the largest skyrmion number density. The skyrmion lattices parallel to the {100} atomic lattices are directly observed using high-resolution Lorentz transmission electron microscopes, simultaneously with underlying atomic-lattice fringes.
Effects of sevoflurane on muscle relaxation produced by rocuronium

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the potentiation effects of different concentrations of sevoflurane on neuromuscular block of different doses of rocuronium.Methods Ninety ASA class Ⅰor Ⅱ patients,aged 18 to 65 years old,undergoing selective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into six groups with 15 cases each.The onset time and degrees of neuronmuscular blockade were monitored with train-of-four(TOF) technique.Results In the equal dose groups of rocuronium,the onset time in group Ⅴ and Ⅵ were shorter than those in groupⅠandⅡ,respectively(P0.05).The clinical duration of action,the times of T1 recovery 75% and recovery index of groups from Ⅲ to Ⅵ were significantly longer than those of group Ⅰand Ⅱ(P0.05),which were significantly longer in group Ⅴand Ⅵ than those in groupⅠand Ⅱ(P0.01).Conclusion Sevoflurane can enhance the neuromuscular block effect of rocuronium in the time-and dose-dependent manner.
Coordination site discrimination in substituted bioessential purine ligands

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The synthesis and crystallographic investigations of N6 and/or N9 substituted adenine analogues with coinage metal ions are described. While N6 disubstitution in an N9-unsubstituted adenine unit results in N3,N9-bidentate coordination mode resulting in a dinuclear motif, further substitution at N9 position directs the incoming metal to get coordinated at N3 position. However, N6,N9-monosubstituted adenine derivative, which relieves some steric hindrance at N6, allows for N7 coordination of copper ions.
Geopolitics and Security in the Arctic : Regional Dynamics in a Global World, Rolph Tamnes et Kristine Offerdal (dir.), 2016, New York Routledge, 198 p.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Geopolitics and Security in the Arctic : Regional Dynamics in a Global World, Rolph Tamnes et Kristine Offerdal (dir.), 2016, New York Routledge, 198 p.. An article from journal Études internationales (Renouveler la sécuritisation : théorie et pratiques), on Érudit.
(Invited) Garnet Solid Electrolytes for Advanced All-Solid-State Li Metal Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

These days, Li metal anode-based battery has been arisen as one of the key energy storage technologies due to its high theoretical energy density compared to conventional lithium and sodium ion-based batteries. The present Li-S batteries suffer due to Li dendrite formation and capacity decay due to polysulfide dissolution effect, because of organic electrolytes used in the current research. Solid state (ceramic) electrolytes are promising to prevent Li dendrite growth and polysulfide dissolution. Among different ceramic electrolytes garnet-type structure solid inorganic electrolytes are very promising because of its high lithium-ion conductivity and stability with elemental Li. However, the high interfacial resistance with the electrode is the major bottleneck for the practical use of ceramic electrolyte. Polymer and ceramic hybrid electrolytes exhibit low interfacial resistance. In this talk, we will present development of electrolytes for all-solid-state Li metal batteries.
Meta biotic-a novel ingredient for functional foods: A review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The probiotic products are gaining importance in disease management and health restoration. The regular consumption of probiotic could offer a wide range of health benefits. Although, probiotics are considered as safe and beneficial for health and harmful effects of probiotic usage are rare, but recent data showed adverse effects of probiotic after long term consumption. Some medical reports specified that probiotic bacterias are rarely related with human opportunistic infections like sepsis, infective endocarditis, bacteraemia, urological infections, allergic sensitization and autoimmune disorders. Metabiotics are the structural components of probiotics, their metabolites or small signalling molecules whose chemical structure is known that can affect the human metabolic and signalling pathways. Metabiotics are advantageous over probiotic and synbiotic because of their known chemical structure, which can provide accurate information regarding their dosage, safety, and shelf-life. Metabiotics are a natural evolution and can be considered as future of functional food industry.
Implementing connected component labeling as a user defined operator for SciDB

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We have implemented a flexible User Defined Operator (UDO) for labeling connected components of a binary mask expressed as an array in SciDB, a parallel distributed database management system based on the array data model. This UDO is able to process very large multidimensional arrays by exploiting SciDB's memory management mechanism that efficiently manipulates arrays whose memory requirements far exceed available physical memory. The UDO takes as primary inputs a binary mask array and a binary stencil array that specifies the connectivity of a given cell to its neighbors. The UDO returns an array of the same shape as the input mask array with each foreground cell containing the label of the component it belongs to. By default, dimensions are treated as non-periodic, but the UDO also accepts optional input parameters to specify periodicity in any of the array dimensions. The UDO requires four stages to completely label connected components. In the first stage, labels are computed for each subarray or chunk of the mask array in parallel across SciDB instances using the weighted quick union (WQU) with half-path compression algorithm. In the second stage, labels around chunk boundaries from the first stage are stored in a temporary SciDB array that is then replicated across all SciDB instances. Equivalences are resolved by again applying the WQU algorithm to these boundary labels. In the third stage, relabeling is done for each chunk using the resolved equivalences. In the fourth stage, the resolved labels, which so far are "flattened" coordinates of the original binary mask array, are renamed with sequential integers for legibility. The UDO is demonstrated on a 3-D mask of O(1011) elements, with O(108) foreground cells and O(106) connected components. The operator completes in 19 minutes using 84 SciDB instances.
Towards a self-adaptive parameterization for aerodynamic shape optimization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

\n \nIn parametric shape optimization, results usually depend on the choice\nof the parameterization. In order to reduce this critical dependency,\na self-adaptive parameterization methodology is developed, that adapts\nan initial and perhaps naïve parameterization to the problem\nstudied, on the basis of a first approximation of the optimum\nshape. The proposed approach is studied in the framework of the\nBézier curve representation and the Free-Form Deformation (FFD)\napproach. It is first applied to a geometrical arc reconstruction problem\nand then to a three-dimensional shape optimization problem in aerodynamics.\n\n
Error Analysis For Anisotropic Compensator Defects For Null Ellipsometry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

For null ellipsometry, error equations for polarizer and analyzer angles are formulated in terms of the anisotropic defect parameters of the compensator. Errors of δ ψ and δ Δ for dielectric samples are about the same as those for the straight-through case. Explicit analytical solutions of 8v and So for metallic samples are derived in terms of the anisotropic retardations with large deviations from quarter-wave. The analytical solutions agree with the results obtained from the direct computer simulation of the null ellipsometer as well as with the numerical solutions for the error equations.
Preparing millennials as digital citizens and socially and environmentally responsible business professionals in a socially irresponsible climate

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

As of 2015, a millennial born in the 1990's became the largest population in the workplace and are still growing. Studies indicate that a millennial is tech savvy but lag in the exercise of digital responsibility. In addition, they are passive towards environmental sustainability and fail to grasp the importance of social responsibility. This paper provides a review of such findings relating to business communications educators in their classrooms. The literature should enable the development of a millennial as an excellent global citizen through business communications curricula that emphasizes digital citizenship, environmental sustainability and social responsibility. The impetus for this work is to provide guidance in the development of courses and teaching strategies customized to the development of each millennial as a digital, environmental and socially responsible global citizen.
Apatite geochemical composition of Mesozoic granitoids in the eastern Jiangnan Orogen, S. China: insights into petrogenesis and intrinsic magmatic variables

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The geochemical compositions of apatite are commonly used to provide reliable constraints on the intrinsic magmatic variables of the parental magma. There is a widespread distribution of Mesozoic granitic rocks in the eastern Jiangnan Orogen (EJNO), which include I-type and A-type granitoids. This study aims to investigate the geochemical composition of apatite in 11 representative I-type and A-type granitic intrusions from the EJNO to understand their petrogenesis, intrinsic magmatic variables, and polymetallic mineralization potential. The results show that apatites in these granitoids were characterized by oscillatory zonation and homogeneous texture, and exhibited high F, and low Cl contents, as well as high REE, Y, and Th contents, indicating magmatic origin. These apatites were divided into two groups depending on their geochemical characteristics and original rock types. In Group I apatites (in the I-type granitoids), the absence of an abrupt change in major and trace element concentrations from the core to the rim of the apatite crystals, combined with their low levels of MgO, Sr, and HREY (HREE+Y), serves as evidence to classify the I-type granitoids as low Sr-Y adakitic granitoids with a low Mg#, which can be attributed to the partial melting of the thickened lower crust. In Group A apatites (in the A-type granites), the normal increase in incompatible elements from the core to the rim, as well as the presence of a flat REE pattern with pronounced Eu anomalies, can be attributed to crystal fractionation of plagioclase, allanite, and zircon. Furthermore, Group I apatites have higher SO3, Cl, and molar OH/F and Cl/F ratios compared to Group A apatites. Quantitative calculation by apatite-melt partitioning and modelling suggests that the I-type granitic magmas were more volatile-rich and more oxidized than A-type granitic magmas. Taken together, based on the relationship between the intrinsic magmatic variables and the behaviour of ore-forming elements, our study demonstrates that early I-type granitoids of the EJNO have a strong W-Mo-Cu polymetallic mineralization potential, while late A-type granites may possess rare metal mineralization potential.
Urban Refugee Economies: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over 60 per cent of the world’s refugees live in urban environments, but host governments often restrict their right to work, forcing urban refugees into precarious and often informal economy livelihoods. Through a case study of Addis Ababa, where refugees have no legal right to work, this research identifies the economic difficulties faced by urban refugees. Yet it finds that refugee economies are highly integrated into the city’s economy, making significant contributions. The research points to opportunities for humanitarian sector actors to enhance refugee economies today and in the future when Ethiopia implements its pledge to enhance access to employment for refugees.
The AI Trust Study: A Study on Human Reliance on AI Suggestions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This research investigates factors influencing human trust in AI suggestions. I built The AI Trust Study, an interactive web platform where 150 participants answered 18 questions spanning trivia, puzzles and judgment calls. The study manipulated the AI's stated confidence ("High" vs "Low") and whether participants were under a 35‑second time limit. Results showed that participants accepted the AI’s suggestion 81% of the time when it expressed high confidence compared to 34% when confidence was low. Under time pressure, acceptance rose from 58% to 70%. Strikingly, when the AI presented incorrect answers with high confidence, 46% of participants still accepted them, demonstrating a strong automation bias. These findings highlight how AI confidence cues and time pressure significantly shape human reliance on AI, underscoring the need for transparent confidence communication in AI system design. Developed independently during my high‑school research at Cambridge Convent High School and as a research intern at CT University; refined with structural feedback from ChatGPT.
Air-to-Ground Fratricide Reduction Technology: An Analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The family of air-to-ground fratricide reduction systems likely to be fielded in the next decade will be most effective when a joint terminal attack controller (JTAC) identifies targets for attack. The systems will be less effective in reducing fratricide in situations where aircraft must independently identify their targets. The Department of Defense (DoD) failed to make significant improvements in its air-to-ground target identification and situational awareness (SA) capabilities after Operation DESERT STORM. Consequently, U.S.-led coalition forces suffered unnecessary, self-inflicted losses when they went to war in 2001 and 2003 with essentially the same ineffective air-to-ground fratricide reduction technology that was available in 1991. The DoD and several multinational partners are evaluating Radio Frequency Tags and Radio-Based Combat Identification systems for air-to-ground fratricide reduction. Additionally, other DoD programs have significant potential for reducing air-to-ground fratricide as they pursue broader goals of combining SA systems and integrating disparate tactical data links. As currently envisioned, the emerging fratricide reduction systems will primarily address JTACs' target identification and SA shortfalls, while providing only a moderate overall improvement in aircraft capabilities. The DoD must follow through on its fielding plans if it is to succeed in reducing the probability of air-to-ground fratricide. The fratricide trend of the last three wars cannot be reduced with rules of engagement and tactics, techniques, and procedures alone. Equally mature, interoperable, and ubiquitous air-to-ground fratricide reduction systems are required to save friendly lives on future battlefields. The appropriate technology is available and long overdue.
United colours of chromatin? Developmental genome organisation in flies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The organisation of DNA into differing forms of packaging, or chromatin, controls many of the cell fate decisions during development. Although early studies focused on individual forms of chromatin, in the last decade more holistic studies have attempted to determine a complete picture of the different forms of chromatin present within a cell. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, the study of chromatin states has been aided by the use of complementary and cell-type-specific techniques that profile the marks that recruit chromatin protein binding or the proteins themselves. Although many questions remain unanswered, a clearer picture of how different chromatin states affect development is now emerging, with more unusual chromatin states such as Black chromatin playing key roles. Here, we discuss recent findings regarding chromatin biology in flies.
Influence of roasting on the antioxidant activity of small black soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Small black soybean (SBS), a kind of Glycine max L. Merrill, has various biological actions such as osteoblastic cell proliferating, anticancer, and antioxidant activity. Many studies have shown that thermal processing preserves the health benefits by enhancing antioxidant activity. In this study, we compared the antioxidant effects of SBS based on roast processing conditions using DPPH and ABTS assays. Additionally, we measured phenolic contents and Maillard reaction products (MRPs) to identify the factors that changed SBS antioxidant activity due to roasting. Furthermore, we performed MTT and ROS assays in PC12 cells stressed by H2O2 to investigate how roast processing increases SBS antioxidant activity in a cell culture system. The roasted SBS exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity than unroasted SBS in the ABTS and DPPH assays. In particular, the roasted SBS at 250 °C for 30 min showed the highest antioxidant activity, compared to any other condition. Antioxidant compounds such as phenolic acid and MRPs increased in the SBS following roast processing. Moreover, the roasted SBS protected the PC12 cells from H2O2 toxicity by reducing ROS generation better than unroasted SBS. These results demonstrated that the antioxidant effects of SBS can be maximized by roast processing.
The features of customs duties payment for importing equipment under the international financial leasing agreement

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article examines the features of customs duties payment for importing goods to the customs territory of the EAEU according to the international financial leasing agreement. The possibilities of partial customs duties payment in the application of the customs procedure of temporary importation are analyzed; a comparative analysis of the advantages of the customs procedure of temporary importation and release for domestic use in relation to imported equipment is carried out. The procedure for applying the tariff relief in respect of goods imported as a contribution to the authorized capital of an enterprise with foreign investments, as well as the possibility of applying VAT benefits in respect of leasing equipment, is investigated.