jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Michael J. Warren, Birds in Medieval English Poetry: Metaphors, Realities, Transformations. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer, 2018, 259 pp.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Michael J. Warren has written an ecocritical, literary study of birds in medieval English poetry. He emphasizes the “real birds” evoked by literary representations. While he acknowledges the “metaphoric” category of birds, encompassing avian symbolism, allegory, and anthropomorphism in verse, he repeatedly returns to the real qualities of birds known in England and represented in selected poems, paying special attention to The Seafarer, the Exeter Riddles, The Owl and the Nightingale , Chaucer’s Parliament of Fowls, and the stories of human-to-bird transformations in Gower’s Confessio Amantis, particularly those of Alcyone and Ceyx and Tereus, Procne, and Philomela.
Dietary pattern and the corresponding gut microbiome in response to immunotherapy in Thai patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

204 Background: Gut microbiota is considered a key player modulating the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer. The effects of dietary pattern on this interaction is not well-studied. Methods: A prospective multicenter cohort of 95 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing ICI therapy were enrolled. Stool shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed. Three-day dietary patterns before ICI were assessed. Patients were categorized as hyperprogressive disease (HPD) if they exhibited a time to treatment failure of <2 months. All others were categorized as non-hyperprogressive disease (non-HPD). The correlation between dietary patterns, gut microbiome, and response to ICI therapy was analyzed. Results: In the multivariate analysis, high abundance of Firmicutes unclassified and the Ruminococcaceae family correlated with significantly diminished progression-free survival (PFS) with HR of 2.40 [ P=0.006] and 4.30 [ P=0.005], respectively. More specifically, within the subset of NSCLC patients treated solely with ICI therapy, high abundance of Intestinimonas and the Enterobacteriaceae family were associated with reduced PFS with HR of 2.61 [ P=0.02] and HR 3.34 [ P=0.005], respectively. In dietary pattern analysis, HPD group showed increased consumption of cholesterol, sodium, and fats beyond recommended levels compared to non-HPD group. This group also displayed a tendency towards higher food pattern scores characterized by significant intake of fat and dairy products. Conclusions: Our study revealed distinct association between the gut microbiome composition and treatment outcomes. Based on these findings, the overall composition of diet may play a pivotal role in ICI therapeutic outcomes. [Table: see text]
Thermal rearrangement studies on ethyl and chloro diethyl derivatives of closo-2,4-C2B5H7: elimination of a 1,2-substituent-shift mechanistic hypothesis and further support of the DSD cage rearrangement mechanism

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal rearrangement studies on ethyl and chloro diethyl derivatives of closo-2,4-C2B5H7: elimination of a 1,2-substituent-shift mechanistic hypothesis and further support of the DSD cage rearrangement mechanismWonwoo Nam, Zahid J. Abdou, Han Lee, Tereso Banuelos, and Thomas OnakCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 4, 669–675Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00303a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00303a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MultiFracSimPPM: A Data-Driven Probabilistic Predictive Model for Hydraulic Fracture Growth from Uniformly and Non-Uniformly-Spaced Perforation Clusters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT: The thrust of this study is the assessment of using non-uniform-spaced perforation-clusters (as opposed to uniformly-spaced perforation clusters) in order to promote improved multi-frac growth geometries, by reducing stress-induced interference during simultaneous-HF growth. A probabilistic predictive model (PPM) that integrates empirical data obtained from laboratory-scale experiments is overviewed. MultifracSimPPM employs published results from multi-frac growth experiments on transparent gelatin blocks with single-phased perforations and various perforations-spacing arrays. A realistic and dependable expectation for multi-frac geometry was generated through the implementation of a Monte-Carlo simulation scheme, assessing such "limited-entry" technique. Statistical bias is introduced into random probabilistic distributions using this empirical dataset by MultifracSimPPM, resulting in geometric profiles that correspond to experimental findings that disprove the initial hypothesis (non-uniformly-spaced perforation clusters did not perform better than uniformly-spaced perforation clusters). Integrating economic principles could further enhance HF-treatment design, leading to higher post-stimulation hydrocarbon production and improved economics. 1. INTRODUCTION Multistage hydraulic fracturing (HF) operations in horizontal wells enables hydrocarbon production from unconventional, low-permeability shale formations. The key element of HF modelling remains the prediction of the generated HF growth. When it comes to reservoir stimulation using multistage HF treatments, where many HFs are being "pumped" simultaneously within each frac stage, the problem's complexity increases exponentially. Standard treatment design software do not incorporate "real-world" phenomena, such as dominant HF creation and inactive perforation clusters (Michael, 2022). This work presents a probabilistic predictive model (PPM) that incorporates empirical inputs from laboratory-scale experiments. HF geometry is arguably the most critical element of HF-treatment design, with a number of considerations made for influencing multi-frac growth to optimize production and economics. Employing random sampling, the algorithm, which is executed in MATLAB, populates output arrays that contain vectors of the expected HF heights and lengths. The statistical probability of occurrence of the corresponding HF-growth dimensions (length and height) in our laboratory experiments is utilized to populate these input arrays. The width of each HF is determined using the "Perkins-Kern-Nordgren" (PKN) geometry model. Subsequently, the calculated HF length, height, and width are applied to the formation of semi-ellipsoid-shaped HF-growth profiles that illustrate the anticipated final multiple-HF-growth geometry. The homogeneity of multiple-HF growth is likewise quantified by using our novel fracture-geometric-homogeneity index (FGHI), as a metric.
Role of BAL in COVID-19 patients: a prospective multicentre study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study is part of DRAGON, a prospective multicentre European project aimed at improving the diagnosis of COVID-19. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate BAL role in detecting coexisting infections. Secondary aims are BAL impact on the management of COVID patients, characteristics of BAL cellularity in COVID patients, and safety of BAL in COVID patients and for healthcare providers. The study was carried out in 2021. It involved hospitalized patients in non-ICU wards at Careggi University Hospital in Florence, at CHU of Liege and at Morgagni Hospital Bologna University/Forlì. All patients underwent BAL for microbiological and cytological analysis. Coinfections were detected in 35 out of 115 patients. In 34% of cases we demonstrated the presence of lymphocytic alveolitis; in 49% of cases a neutrophilic alveolitis and in 7% of cases we observed the presence of a mixed lymphocytic/neutrophilic alveolitis. All patients tested positive for Sars-Cov-2 PCR nasal swabs on admission. BAL was positive for Sars-Cov-2 in all cases, 7 PCR nasal swab performed at the time of the BAL were negative. No major adverse events were demonstrated in the 24 hours after BAL in enrolled patients. There were no cases of infection among health care workers involved in bronchoscopic procedures. Coinfections in COVID-19 patients are common. BAL is a safe tool to identify the presence of coinfections and help clinicians manage these patients correctly. BAL cellularity in covid patients shows a predominance of neutrophils, particularly in cases of co-infection. Our data suggests an earlier negativisation of nasopharyngeal swab compared to BAL.
A Duration‐sensitive Measure of the Unemployment Rate: Theory and Application

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The measurement of unemployment, like that of poverty, involves two distinct steps: identification and aggregation. In this two‐step process, the issue of identifying the unemployed has received considerable attention but, once the unemployed have been identified, the aggregation issue has been addressed by simply ‘counting heads’: the unemployment rate is conventionally defined as the proportion of the labour force that, on a given date, is unemployed. This, in particular, leads to differences between individuals, in their unemployment experiences being ignored when the unemployment rate is being computed. This paper — predicated on the proposition that what matters to a person is not just the fact of unemployment but also its duration — proposes a methodology, derived from the measurement of income inequality, for adjusting unemployment rates so as to make them ‘duration‐sensitive’. In consequence, different values of the ‘duration‐sensitive’ rate will, depending upon the degree of inequality in the distribution of unemployment duration, and upon the extent to which society is averse to such inequality, be associated with the same value of the conventionally defined unemployment rate. A numerical example, based on published data for seven major OECD counties, illustrates the methodology.
Direct assessment of gastrointestinal inflammation and mucosal immunity in children with cystic fibrosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fibrosing colonopathy is a recently described complication of cystic fibrosis, of unknown aetiology but possibly related to treatment with high-dose pancreatic enzyme supplements. We have used a whole gut perfusion technique to study subclinical gut inflammation in cystic fibrosis patients; concentrations of haemoglobin, IgG, albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, granulocyte elastase, IL1 beta, and IL8 were measured in whole gut lavage fluid: 23 tests were performed in 17 children with cystic fibrosis (20 elective tests, three lavages to treat distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS)). None has had fibrosing or haemorrhagic colitis. There were 12 tests in control children with constipation or precolonoscopy. Moderately abnormal results were obtained for many of the parameters studied, in specimens from all the cystic fibrosis children; however there were no significant differences between tests on high-dose and low-dose enzyme supplements of the same brand in the five children who had duplicate tests performed electively. The lavage fluid specimens from two cystic fibrosis children were strikingly abnormal in all tests apart from haemoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin. These were two of the three children with DIOS, and were also the only cases in the series taking Nutrizym 22. These data suggest that the majority of cystic fibrosis children, including those on high-dose enzyme supplements, do not have clinically significant colitis, but that there is subclinical mucosal inflammation in a minority (two of 17 in this series), for which DIOS and/or Nutrizym 22 treatment may be risk factors. Alternatively, inflammation and dysmotility in the proximal colon may be directly produced by a drug or other agent, producing a clinical syndrome indistinguishable from DIOS. Tests for indices of inflammation in gut lavage fluid offer a new approach to the detection and measurement of iatrogenic intestinal and colonic injury.
The New Turkish: an Elementary Grammar, Vocabulary and Phrase Book of the Turkish Language in the new Latin Characters. By A. C. Moule M.A., Printed by permission at the Government Printing Office, Nicosia, Cyprus. 1930. 8½ × 5½, pp. 65.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The New Turkish: an Elementary Grammar, Vocabulary and Phrase Book of the Turkish Language in the new Latin Characters. By A. C. Moule M.A., Printed by permission at the Government Printing Office, Nicosia, Cyprus. 1930. 8½ × 5½, pp. 65. - Volume 64 Issue 1
Seismic Performance and Aseismic Measures of ±800 kV EHV Wall Casing-Valve Hall System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The EHV(extra-high voltage) wall casing is a horizontally installed cantilever equipment with significant vulnerability under earthquake ground motions. In order to obtain the seismic responses of a ±800 kV EHV wall casing-valve hall system, a systematic finite element model was established. Sixteen earthquake records were selected from the PEER data base in the analysis, the stress at the root section and acceleration at the top of the bushing were regarded as critical position and corresponding responses were obtained. The results infers that the valve hall amplify the seismic responses of the electrical facility. To meet the standard requirement, two aseismic measures were proposed to retrofit the sidewall of the valve hall and validated to be effective to improve the seismic performance of the EHV wall bushing-valve hall system.
[The letters of Hermann Rorschach to his brother].

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Hermann Rorschach, brilliant creator of the projective test called after him, worked from the beginning to the middle of 1914 in a sanatorium near Moscow. Recently discovered letters to his brother Paul reveal his motives for abandoning his initial plan to settle in Russia. Apparently the impossibility of scientific work was of great importance. Additional letters complement our knowledge of Rorschach's personality.
MiR-212-3p promotes proliferation and migration of trophoblast in fetal growth restriction by targeting placental growth factor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the function and possible mechanism of miR-212-3p in fetal growth restriction (FGR) and to demonstrate the relationship between miR-212-3p and placental growth factor (PGF). First, we used qRT-PCR to detect the expression of miR-212-3p and PGF in placental tissues of normal delivery (HC group) and FGR, as well as in human trophoblast cell HTR-8/Svneo. The results revealed that miR-212-3p expression was significantly upregulated and PGF was significantly downregulated in placental tissue in the FGR group compared with the HC group. In addition, interference with miR-212-3p expression increased the proliferation, invasion, and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells and decreased apoptosis of cells. Meanwhile, Western blot results showed that miR-212-3p expression downregulation promoted the phosphorylated protein expression of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT), which in turn activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. And the results of dual luciferase reporter further showed that miR-212-3p could target PGF, and the expression of both was negatively correlated in FGR group tissues. In addition, downregulation of miR-212-3p expression reversed the inhibitory effect of PGF downregulation on HTR-8/SVneo cells. In conclusion, miR-212-3p can target and inhibit the PGF expression and regulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to regulate trophoblast cell invasion, migration, proliferation and cell apoptosis. This provides a potential biomarker for the development of FGR.
Autophosphorylation of the alpha subunit of phosphorylase kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The autophosphorylation of the alpha subunit of phosphorylase kinase occurs simultaneously at multiple sites during incorporation of the first mol of phosphate. The predominant and initial autophosphorylation site on this subunit is different than the major site phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which also phosphorylates multiple sites, as evidenced by two-dimensional phosphopeptide maps. All of the sites on the alpha subunit phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase comigrate on peptide maps with autophosphorylation phosphopeptides; however, several phosphopeptides observed after autophosphorylation are not evident following phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The phosphopeptide maps of the alpha subunit are the same whether autophosphorylation is carried out at pH 6.8 or 8.2 or whether MnATP is used instead of MgATP; there is only a slight difference in the maps brought about by EGTA-insensitive autophosphorylation. The autophosphorylation is shown to be an intrinsic activity of the phosphorylase kinase molecule; this conclusion is based on the observed copurification of the autophosphorylation activity with activities toward phosphorylase b and kappa-casein and the unaltered influence of various effectors on these activities throughout different sequential adsorption chromatography purification steps. Additional support to that already in the literature that the initial autophosphorylation events are predominantly intramolecular is gained by showing that previously autophosphorylated enzyme has little ability to catalyze the phosphorylation of nonphosphorylated enzyme.
Fluorinated PLGA Nanoparticles for Enhanced Drug Encapsulation and 19F NMR Detection

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract In the continuous search for multimodal systems with combined diagnostic and therapeutic functions, several efforts have been made to develop multifunctional drug delivery systems. In this work, through a covalent approach, a new class of fluorinated poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) co‐polymers (F‐PLGA) were designed that contain an increasing number of magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms. In particular, two novel compounds, F 3 ‐PLGA and F 9 ‐PLGA, were synthesized and their chemical structure and thermal stability were analyzed by solution NMR, DSC, and TGA. The obtained F‐PLGA compounds were proven to form in aqueous solution colloidal stable nanoparticles (NPs) displaying a strong 19 F NMR signal. The fluorinated NPs also showed an enhanced ability to load hydrophobic drugs containing fluorine atoms compared to analogous pristine PLGA NPs. Preliminary in vitro studies showed high cell viability and the NP ability to intracellularly deliver and release a functioning drug.
Effects of diet quality on performance and nutrient regulation in an omnivorous katydid

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. Omnivores by definition eat both plants and animals. However, little is known about how diet macronutrient content affects omnivore performance, or the extent to which they can regulate macronutrient intake. We assessed these questions using the salt marsh katydid, Conocephalus spartinae Fox (Tettigoniidae). 2. In our first experiment we used artificial diets with different protein–carbohydrate ratios to assess the effects of diet quality on survival, growth, and lipid accumulation. We found that diets with a high protein–carbohydrate ratio negatively affected Conocephalus survival. Among surviving individuals growth was not significantly different across the treatments, but lipid content decreased significantly as the protein–carbohydrate ratio of diets increased. 3. In a second experiment we explored the ability of Conocephalus to regulate their protein–carbohydrate intake. Results revealed that Conocephalus did not feed randomly when presented with two nutritionally complementary foods. A detailed analysis of their protein–carbohydrate intake revealed selection for a protein‐biased diet, but a lack of tight regulate of protein–carbohydrate intake. 4. We discuss how key macronutrients can limit omnivores, and how nutritional flexibility may enable omnivores to persist in nutritionally heterogeneous environments.
[Separation techniques ro achieve vital and reproduction competent equine spermatozoa populations--a survey].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Equine ejaculates are significantly characterized by widely varying parameters especially in those of practical relevance for equine Al. Therefore it is of interest for practical purposes to get subpopulations of concentrated, vital, and competent spermatozoa from the origin ejaculates. Special preparation of the donor stallions will stabilize sperm output. Fractionated semen collection from stallions supplies sperm enriched seminal fractions very useful to work with further in semen preservation. Most important to achieve a concentrated sperm subpopulation are semen manipulations post ejaculation represented conventionally in semen centrifugation. In the last decade alternative measurements have been introduced. Above all semen filtration using glasswool-sephadex and more recently membrane techniques gave good results indicating that these new techniques may replace semen centrifugation in the future. This article gives a survey of the different starting points and methods for separation of vital and concentrated sperm subpopulations of equine semen.
Sports injuries in adolescents' ball games: soccer, handball and basketball.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a prospective study of 302 adolescent players in three ball games (soccer, handball and basketball), 119 incurred injuries. The injury incidence (number of injuries per 1000 playing hours) was 5.6 in soccer, 4.1 in handball and 3.0 in basketball. Ankle sprains accounted for 25 per cent of the injuries, finger sprains 32 per cent, strains in the thigh and leg 10 per cent, and tendinitis/apophysitis 12 per cent. The most serious injuries were four fractures, one anterior cruciate ligament rupture, and two meniscus lesions. The most serious injuries, with the longest rehabilitation period, occurred in soccer. In soccer, many injuries occurred during tackling and contact with an opposing player, while the injuries in handball and basketball were often caused by ball contact and running.