jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Scholarly communication activities in the fields of chemistry and economics. A Polish perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the scholarly communication activities in two scientific fields, chemistry and economics, in a Polish context. The dissertation aims at investigating what characterises the publishing choices of researchers and what supplementary forms for the dissemination of research output are used by scholars. In addition, the paper is looking into what are the views and awareness of open access and institutional repositories within this scientific community. This thesis gives the results of semi-structured interviews and an online survey at two academic faculties at a Polish technical university. As its theoretical framework, the study uses Whitley’s theory of the intellectual and social organisation of academic fields and Latour and Woolgar’s study regarding various motivations for publishing. The study found that there are some similarities between the two investigated disciplines, especially in the context of extra-disciplinary factors that have impact on scholars’ publishing choices. The study also revealed that the general awareness of open access is rather good among the participating academics, however the number of open access publications is not very high. In addition, the findings suggest that there were some misunderstanding about the definitions and functions of institutional repositories among scholars.
Lactic Acid Bacteria as a Live Delivery System for the in situ Production of Nanobodies in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are among the most widely used microorganisms in food fermentation. However, some LAB species can also be used as live vehicles for the in situ delivery of therapeutic molecules to the mucosa of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Many LAB species have ‘qualified presumption of safety’ status and survive passage through the GIT. Indeed, some are part of the usual GIT microbiota. These are appropriate candidates for the in situ production of recombinant prophylactic and therapeutic proteins. Live recombinant LAB that produce microbial antigens have been shown to elicit an immune response that confers protection against the corresponding pathogens; these LAB could therefore be used as oral vaccines. In addition, some LAB have been genetically engineered to produce therapeutic, neutralizing antibodies. The variable domain of heavy-chain-only antibodies from camelids – known as VHH antibodies or nanobodies – has peculiar properties (nanoscale size, robust structure, acid resistance, high affinity and specificity, easily produced in bacteria, etc.) that make them ideal choices as LAB-produced immunotherapeutic agents. The present review examines the advantages offered by LAB for the in situ production of therapeutic proteins in the human GIT, discusses the use of in situ produced VHH antibody fragments, and assesses the usefulness of this strategy in the treatment of infectious and non-infectious gastrointestinal diseases.
Treatment of Stages IIIA and IIIB in Kienbock's Disease: A Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Despite numerous proposed surgical interventions, there is a lack of consensus in the optimal treatment of advanced Kienbock's disease. Purpose This study aims to perform a systematic review of the current evidence in the management of Lichtman's stages IIIA and IIIB of the disease. Methods A literature search was performed using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases to identify studies between 2008 and 2018 evaluating stage-specific outcomes in Lichtman's stages IIIA and IIIB. The quality of each included paper was evaluated using the Structured Effectiveness Quality Evaluation Scale (SEQES). Data extracted were stage-specificity, clinical and functional outcomes, and radiographic progression of Lichtman's staging. Results A total of 1,489 titles were identified. Eighty-three papers were fully reviewed, and 30 articles met eligibility criteria for inclusion. There were 3 low-quality and 27 moderate-quality papers. Surgical techniques reported included decompression surgeries, joint-levelling, and radial wedge osteotomies, revascularization techniques, intracarpal arthrodesis, proximal row carpectomy, arthroplasty, and balloon kyphoplasty. All treatment modalities offered pain relief and improvement in functional outcomes. Compared with proximal row carpectomy, intracarpal arthrodesis, and arthroplasty, nonsalvage procedures provided similar clinical and functional outcomes in both stages, with joint-levelling and radial wedge osteotomies preserving greater range of motion. Conclusion In this systematic review of Kienbock's disease stages IIIA and IIIB, all treatment modalities provided positive outcomes. In stage IIIB, there is evidence to support nonsalvage procedures, as they produced similar clinical outcomes to salvage procedures that have the advantage of not precluding future treatment options if needed and preserving greater range of motion.
Ebb‐Dominant Mixing Increases the Seaward Sediment Flux in a Stratified Estuary

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Intratidal variability in stratification, referred to as internal tidal asymmetry, affects the residual sediment flux of an estuary by altering sediment transport differently during ebb and flood. Although earlier studies suggest that flood‐dominant mixing increases the residual landward sediment flux, the role of ebb‐dominant mixing remains largely unknown. Based on field data, we investigate the mechanisms that cause ebb‐dominant mixing and its effect on the residual sediment flux in a stratified estuarine channel. Observations based on two tidal cycles show that the pycnocline remains largely intact during flood. Vertical mixing during flood is inhibited by a strong fresh water outflow, confining landward transport of suspended sediment to the bottom layer. During ebb, the pycnocline height decreases until it interacts with the bottom boundary layer, resulting in enhanced vertical mixing and sediment transport extending further to the surface. Thus, ebb‐dominant mixing increases the residual sediment flux in seaward direction. The long ebb period in combination with limited bed sediment availability further contributes to the residual ebb‐flux. This is noteworthy since a long ebb duration corresponds to flood dominance, which is often associated with a landward residual sediment flux. Although our data represent average conditions and cannot readily be extrapolated to different forcing conditions, we conclude that asymmetries in vertical mixing considerably affect the residual sediment flux under average conditions.
Application of powerful oxidizers in the synthesis of new high-oxidation state actinide and related species

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The fluorinating and oxide scavenging ability of XeF/sub 6/ have been studied by bringing XeF/sub 6/ into interaction with oxide-fluoride compounds of the third-transition-series elements (W, Re and Os) and uranium, in their highest oxidation states. A/sup +/MOF/sub 5//sup -/ and A/sup +/M/sub 2/O/sub 2/F/sub 9//sup -/ (A = K or Cs, M = W or U) were converted to A/sup +/MF/sub 7//sup -/ by XeF/sub 6/, but the rhenium and osmium compounds, K/sup +/ReO/sub 2/F/sub 4//sup -/ and XeF/sub 5//sup +/OsO/sub 3/F/sub 3//sup -/, resisted interaction with XeF/sub 6/. Strong interactions between XeF/sub 2/ or KrF/sub 2/ and the solvent have been observed for their solutions in anhydrous HF. Both XeF/sub 2/ and KrF/sub 2/ are seen to be effective in breaking up the polymeric (HF)/sub n/ chains. Only weak interactions occur between cations and anions of KrF/sup +/AuF/sub 6//sup -/ and Kr/sub 2/F/sub 3//sup +/AuF/sub 6//sup -/ in HF. The AuF/sub 6//sup -/ anions are slightly distorted from O/sub h/ symmetry. Kr/sub 2/F/sub 3//sup +/ cations in HF have the same dissymmetric V-shape which occurs in crystalline salts. A low-temperature orthorhombic form, ..beta..-ReF/sub 6//sup +/SbF/sub 6//sup -/, a high-temperature rhombohedral form, ..cap alpha..-ReF/sub 6//sup +/SbF/sub 6//sup -/, and a ReF/sub 6//sup +/AuF/sub 6//sup -/ have been prepared. These compounds possess only kinetic stability at ambient temperature and at approx. 20/sup 0/C are best represented as ReF/sub 6//sup +/ReF/sub 7/MF/sub 6//sup -/MF/sub 5/. Thermochemical energy evaluations indicate that the ionization potential of ReF/sub 6/ is 261 kcal mole/sup -1/ and that the fluoride-ion affinity of ReF/sub 6//sup +/ is -214 kcal mole/sup -1/. This is more exothermal than the corresponding process for IF/sub 6//sup +/ (-208 kcal mole/sup -1/). In contrast, ReOF/sub 5/ is shown to be a better fluoro-base than IOF/sub 5/ and also is a better base than ReF/sub 7/. ReOF/sub 4//sup +/MF/sub 6//sup -/ (M = Sb, Au and As) salts are of higher thermal stability than their ReF/sub 6//sup +/MF/sub 6//sup -/ analogues.
Bi- or trinuclear 2-iodobenzoate complexes of Znii: crystal structures and luminescence

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Reactions of zinc nitrate with 2-iodobenzoic acid (2-IBA) and different pyridines result in binuclear Znii carboxylate complexes [Zn2(2-IBA)4L2], where L = Py, 3-MePy and 3,5-Me2Py, while in the case of 2,4,6-Me3Py, trinuclear (2,4,6-Me3PyH)2[Zn3(2-IBA)6(OH)2] is formed.
Recurrence of Pericardial Effusion After Different Procedure Modalities in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction/rationale:Lung cancer frequently invades pericardium.Intervention is a crucial step for cardiac tamponade.It is unknown whether the different invasive interventions for pericardial effusion by lung cancer result in difference of survival.This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who received simple pericardiocentesis, balloon pericardiotomy or surgical pericardiectomy.Methods:During January 2006-June 2018, we retrospectively collected the NSCLC patients who received invasive intervention for pericardial effusions at the National Taiwan University Hospital.The patients were divided into 3 categories, including simple pericardiocentesis, balloon pericardiotomy, and surgical pericardiectomy.Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test were used to analyze the pericardial effusion recurrence-free survival (RFS).Results:Two hundred sixty-three patients were enrolled.Adenocarcinoma (81.4%) was the major subtype of NSCLC.The invasive intervention included 62 patients with simple pericardiocentesis treatment alone, 176 patients with balloon pericardiotomy treatment, and 25 patients with surgical pericardiectomy.There was no difference among those three groups in the clinical characteristics of age, sex, smoking history, comorbidities, and pericardial effusion as the presentation of lung cancer.The pericardial effusion recurrence rate were 4.8% (3 of 62) in the simple pericardiocentesis group, 11.9% (21 of 176) in the balloon pericardiotomy group, and 0% (0 of 25) in the surgical pericardiectomy group.Patients who received simple pericardiocentesis had a shorter RFS than those who received pericardial window creation either by balloon dilatation or surgical intervention by log-rank test (median 1.27 (0.60-3.77[95% CI]) , 4.82 (3.97-6.67)months, 5.13 (3.4-12.23)month, respectively; p=0.0096).Conclusions:Patients who received pericardial window creation had longer recurrence free survival than those with simple pericardiocentesis.There was no difference between the RFS in patients who received balloon pericardiotomy and surgical pericardiectomy.
Short term effects of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents on cornea, anterior chamber, and intraocular pressure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate short term changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections. Materials and methods: A total of 100 eyes from 100 patients, who were naive for intravitreal injection treatment, were included in this retrospective study. Patients who received only a single type of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, or aflibercept) for two consecutive months were examined. ACD, CCT, IOP, and ECD measurements were taken at pre-injection and one month after the first and second injections and were compared. Results: The mean corneal ECD for all eyes and phakic eyes was significantly lower one month after the first (p = 0.041 and p = 0.047, respectively) and second injections (p = 0.013 and p = 0.034, respectively) compared to the values at pre-injection levels. Similarly, the mean ACD of all eyes and phakic eyes was significantly lower one month after the first (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and second injections (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) compared to the values at pre-injection levels. However, there was no significant difference in pseudophakic eyes one month after the first and second injections (ECD, p = 0.28 and p = 0.23; ACD, p = 0.75 and p = 0.71, respectively). There was no significant change in IOP and CCT values at pre-injection and one month after the first and second injections for all eyes and for both the phakic and pseudophakic eyes. Discussion: After the anti-VEGF injections, IOP and CCT values were not significantly changed and were similar in all eyes and phakic eyes; however, in these groups, there was a small but statistically significant decrease in ACD and ECD. On the contrary, there was no significant difference in pseudophakic eyes. Clinicians performing intravitreal injections must be aware of these associations for a better understanding of ACD and ECD changes in phakic eyes.
890The prevalence and risk factors for Coxiella burnetii on commercial dairy goat farms in Australia

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Despite the potentially important role that intensively managed dairy goats play in the spread of Q fever, the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii among dairy goat herds in Australia is largely unknown. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of coxiellosis-positive dairy goat herds in Australia and to identify risk factors associated with coxiellosis positivity. Methods Owners or managers of commercial dairy goat herds were contacted and asked to complete a questionnaire about risk factors for coxiellosis and to provide a bulk tank milk (BTM) sample. BTM samples were tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the Com1 and IS1111 sections of the C. burnetii genome. Questionnaire responses from coxiellosis positive and coxiellosis negative herds were compared using frequency cross-tabulations and multivariable logistic regression. Results Herd managers from 49 of the 61 commercial dairy goat herds in Australia took part in the study. Of this group, three BTM samples were found to be both ELISA and RT-PCR positive. Two BTM samples were ELISA positive but RT-PCR negative. There were 10 (95% CI 4.4 to 22) C. burnetii positive herds per 100 herds at risk. Conclusions The prevalence of coxiellosis among commercial dairy goat farms in Australia is relatively low. Key messages The Australian dairy goat industry should focus on biosecurity measures and risk management plans to reduce the probability of C. burnetii introduction.
DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF PARTICLE-DRIVEN GRAVITY CURR ENTS IN A BASIN CONFIGURATION

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Three-dimensional highly resolved Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of a particle-driven gravity current are presented for the lock-exchange problem in a basin configuration. Two Reynolds n umbers are investigated in order to identify differences in the flow structures and dynamics. For this numerical study, we limit our inv estigations to gravity currents over a flat bed in which density differences are small enough for the Boussinesq approximation to be valid. The concentration of particles is described in an Eulerian fashion by using a transport equation combined with the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, with possibility of particles deposition but no erosion and re-suspension. For this original flow con figuration, it is found that the Reynolds number has a strong influence on the flow, in particular on the deposition pattern over the flat bed . Furthermore, we found out that the well-known lobe-anf- cleft patterns at the head of the current have a different shape than w hat is usually observed for the lock-exchange problem in a channel configuration. The curvated shape of the front has a significant twisting effect on the structures at the head of the current.
Fatigue damage detection and monitoring using lamb wave technique

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) refers to the development of a system for pinpointing damage in a structure for the purpose of providing information about the state of a structure so that evaluation of the integrity of the structure can be made instantaneously. This study focuses on fatigue damage. Fatigue is caused by repeated and long term loading of an element. The data acquired through the SHM systems will allow for damage prognosis to be carried out. Damage prognosis is defined as the forecast of the structure’s remaining lifespan. This project aims to obtain a damage index that best predicts the fatigue crack length. The scope of this report is the give a brief introduction of the project, explain the methodology behind the experiment, present and analyse the results, compare the damage indices, provide a conclusion and possible future works. A damage index utilizes several features which have been extracted from the results in order to quantify the fatigue damage and subsequently used to predict the crack lengths. The four damage indices explored include: Transient Wave Energy (TWE), Time of Flight (TOF), Amplitude Reduction (AR) and Scattered Energy (SE). A systematic approach of comparison and elimination was adopted. Linear regression was used for comparison of the damage indices. The results of comparisons have shown that the Transient Wave Energy damage index was best able to predict the crack lengths for all the samples in this experiment. However, due to limitations of the experimental equipment, the time of flight damage index was not fully explored. Further research is needed to further examine the use of time of flight as an effective parameter in quantifying crack propagation damage. Fatigue damage detection is vital to an effective damage prognosis model. Lamb wave technology is still in its early stages of research and integration into existing structural health monitoring systems. The author hopes that this research will contribute to the collective research and effort in making lamb waves a mainstay in structural health monitoring systems, allowing it to be used in most structures in the future.
Design of a Potent\nTLX Agonist by Rational Fragment\nFusion

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

As a master regulator\nof neurogenesis, the orphan nuclear receptor\ntailless homologue (TLX, NR2E1) maintains neuronal stem cell homeostasis\nby acting as a transcriptional repressor of tumor suppressor genes.\nIt is hence considered as an appealing target for the treatment of\nneurodegenerative diseases, but a lack of potent TLX modulators as\ntools to probe pharmacological TLX control hinders further validation\nof its promising potential. Here, we report the development of a potent\nTLX agonist based on fragment screening, pharmacophore modeling, and\nfragment fusion. Pharmacophore similarity of a fragment screening\nhit and the TLX ligand ccrp2 provided a rational basis for fragment\nlinkage, which resulted in several TLX activator scaffolds. Among\nthem, the fused compound <b>10</b> evolved as a valuable TLX\nagonist tool with submicromolar potency and high selectivity over\nrelated nuclear receptors, rendering it suitable for functional studies\non TLX.
A highly birefringent metal-free crystal assembled by cooperative non-covalent interactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

By the cooperation of non-covalent interactions, we designed a metal-free birefringent crystal, NH 4 (H 2 C 6 N 7 O 3 )·2H 2 O, which possesses high birefringence Δ n (exp) = 0.54@550 nm for effective modulation of polarized light.
Numerical Study of Pure Electroconvection and Combined Electro-thermo-convection in Horizontal Channels

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electrohydrodynamic effect on natural convection in horizontal channels is investigated from a numerical point of view. The EHD effect is induced by narrow strip electrodes placed at the bottom wall of the channel. The channel is subjected in a first stage only to the electric forces, and in a second stage to the simultaneous action of a temperature gradient and an electric field. The interactions between electric field, flow field and temperature field are analyzed. It can be concluded that charge density distribution, flow pattern and temperature distribution are substantially affected by the arrangement of the electrodes; in fact four different arrangement were treated. The effect of pure electroconvection on charge density distribution and on flow pattern was studied. A periodic flow corresponding to particular values of electric Rayleigh was observed, then the impact of combined electro-thermo convection on heat transfer was undertaken in a second step and it was noted that the optimum arrangement of the electrodes provides an increase in heat transfer of up to 13%. The effect of the applied electric forces is also studied in order to highlight the importance of putting compromise between the supplied voltage and arrangement of the electrodes. Finally, a study of optimized configuration of electrodes was achieved.