jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Consensus statement on aortic valve replacement via an anterior right minithoracotomy in the UK healthcare setting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The wide uptake of anterior right thoracotomy (ART) as an approach for aortic valve replacement (AVR) has been limited despite initial reports of its use in 1993. Compared with median sternotomy, and even ministernotomy, ART is considered to be less traumatic to the chest wall and to help facilitate quicker patient recovery. In this statement, a consensus agreement is outlined that describes the potential benefits of the ART AVR. The technical considerations that require specific attention are described and the initiation of an ART programme at a UK centre is recommended through simulation and/or use of specialist instruments in conventional cases. The use of soft tissue retractors, peripheral cannulation, modified aortic clamping and the use of intraoperative adjuncts, such as sutureless valves and/or automated knot fasteners, are important to consider in order to circumvent the challenges of minimal the altered exposure via an ART. A coordinated team-based approach that encourages ownership of the programme by team members is critical. A designated proctor/mentor is also recommended. The organisation of structured training and simulation, as well as planning the initial cases are important steps to consider.
Conceptions of Security in Global Environmental Discourses: Exploring the Water-Energy-Food Security Nexus

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Given the crucial transformations environmental change brings to the structure of contemporary global politics and security, it is necessary to understand how emerging conceptions of environmental security (1) influence the architecture of global environmental governance and (2) reformulate security strategies to meet evolving socio-ecological challenges. This paper explores the water-energy-food (WEF) security nexus – an approach to sustainable development that advocates for innovative, cross-sector planning to overcome natural resource scarcities – as a distinct political domain in which actors utilise security language to describe environmental problems and policy prescriptions. Using content and discourse analysis to interpret WEF security nexus reports, I conclude that this particular policy debate represents a unique departure from other environment-security discourses in that economic productivity is the main referent object rather than countries, individuals, or ecosystems. This deviation, I argue, shifts authority over security away from state-centric institutions towards private sector organisations, resulting in technocratic responses to complex, structural, and unevenly distributed sources of human and environmental risk.
Elucidating the Determinants of Polymerase Specificity by Microfluidic-Based Deep Mutational Scanning

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Engineering polymerases to synthesize artificial genetic polymers with unique backbone structures is limited by a general lack of understanding about the structural determinants that govern substrate specificity. Here, we report a high-throughput microfluidic-based approach for mapping sequence-function relationships that combines droplet-based optical polymerase sorting with deep mutational scanning. We applied this strategy to map the finger subdomain of a replicative DNA polymerase isolated from Thermococcus kodakarensis (Kod). The enrichment profile provides an unbiased view of the ability of each mutant to synthesize threose nucleic acid, which was used as a model non-natural genetic polymer. From a single round of sorting, we discovered two cases of positive epistasis and demonstrate the near inversion of substrate specificity from a double mutant variant. This effort indicates that polymerase specificity may be governed by a small number of highly specific residues that can be elucidated by deep mutational scanning without the need for iterative rounds of directed evolution.
Validation of a 3D Local-Scale Adaptive Solar Radiation Model by Using Pyranometer Measurements and a High-Resolution Digital Elevation Model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The result of the multidisciplinary collaboration of researchers from different areas of knowledge to validate a solar radiation model is presented. The MAPsol is a 3D local-scale adaptive solar radiation model that allows us to estimate direct, diffuse, and reflected irradiance for clear sky conditions. The model includes the adaptation of the mesh to complex orography and albedo, and considers the shadows cast by the terrain and buildings. The surface mesh generation is based on surface refinement, smoothing and parameterization techniques and allows the generation of high-quality adapted meshes with a reasonable number of elements. Another key aspect of the paper is the generation of a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM). This high-resolution DEM is constructed from LiDAR data, and its resolution is two times more accurate than the publicly available DEMs. The validation process uses direct and global solar irradiance data obtained from pyranometers at the University of Salamanca located in an urban area affected by systematic shading from nearby buildings. This work provides an efficient protocol for studying solar resources, with particular emphasis on areas of complex orography and dense buildings where shadows can potentially make solar energy production facilities less efficient.
Debunking Myths in Brain Research

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

T he brain is the most complex physical entity in the universe (Gunn, Richburg, & Smilkstein, 2007). As our knowledge of brain functions increases and evolves so does excitement in the field of education about the implications for students’ learning. Knowledge of how the brain learns is a great tool for helping educators design curricula and adapt teaching strategies to help students realize their potential.
Interface defects in SiC power MOSFETs - An electrically detected magnetic resonance study based on spin dependent recombination

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This study presents electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) measurements on a silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET having the structure of a double-diffused silicon MOSFET (DMOS). The resonance pattern of a SiC DMOS was measured by monitoring the change of the recombination current between the source/body and the drain. The amplitude of the response has a maximum when the device is biased in depletion due to the equal concentrations of electrons and holes at the interface resulting in the most efficient recombination. The measured anisotropic g-tensor has axial symmetry with g∥ = 2.0051(4) (B ‖ c-axis), and g⊥ = 2.0029(4) (B⊥ c-axis) and the pattern shows several hyperfine (HF) peaks. We tentatively identify the observed defect as a silicon vacancy located directly at the interface.
An Explicit Construction of Systematic MDS Codes with Small Sub-Packetization for All-Node Repair

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An explicit construction of systematic MDS codes, called HashTag+ codes, with\narbitrary sub-packetization level for all-node repair is proposed. It is shown\nthat even for small sub-packetization levels, HashTag+ codes achieve the\noptimal MSR point for repair of any parity node, while the repair bandwidth for\na single systematic node depends on the sub-packetization level. Compared to\nother codes in the literature, HashTag+ codes provide from 20% to 40% savings\nin the average amount of data accessed and transferred during repair.\n
SH1465512.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Effects of Lithium on the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of lithium on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis was studied in vivo and in vitro. The levels of plasma vasopressin, ACTH and corticosterone increased after the administration of lithium (LiCl 4 mmol/kg BW, 11 days) in rats, while the tissue vasopressin concentration in the median eminence, the rest of the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary was decreased. The CRF concentration in the posterior pituitary increased markedly, but it did not change significantly in the median eminence or the rest of the hypothalamus. The elevated plasma ACTH level might be at least partly due to the increased vasopression secretion. Lithium stimulated ACTH secretion per se and also enhanced vasopressin-induced ACTH secretion in cultured pituitary cells and in half pituitary incubations, while it did not affect CRF-induced ACTH secretion. Lithium inhibited CRF-induced cAMP accumulation in half pituitary incubations, while lithium and vasopressin did not affect cAMP accumulation per se or even when administered together. The results suggest that lithium-induced ACTH release is via a cAMP-independent mechanism. Thus, it is possible that lithium stimulates ACTH release by acting directly on the corticotroph, stimulating vasopressin release and potentiating vasopressin-induced ACTH release.
Quasi-periodic crystals - the role of electron diffraction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The discovery of the Icosahedral Phase in 1982 was one of the striking victories of transmission electron microscopy.Indeed, the first observations of dislocations and early stages of precipitation processes in the first days of electron microscopy were extremely important, and contributed a great deal to modern materials science, but the role of TEM has been mainly supportive, rather than ground breaking.Most of the crystalline defects, so elegantly studied by TEM, thanks to our understanding of contrast phenomena, were known before.The support of TEM, which produced dramatic images and diffraction patterns provided in most cases a final proof or rejection of existing theories and speculations.For the crystallographers' community, X-ray diffraction was the undisputed king, the reliable research tool in town.Enters the Icosahedral Phase, the first observed Quasi-Periodic crystal.Unexpected, not predicted, and flatly rejected by the paradigm: 'A crystal is ordered and periodic'.TEM was the only tool by which the I phase could have been discovered.The techniques needed for structural analysis of the I phase: contrast analysis, composition analysis and high-resolution images are all standard in modern transmission electron microscopy.X-ray diffraction could not provide any of the these, since the first produced I phase crystals were only a few microns in size, and the specimens contained several phases in addition to the I phase.The results provided in the first article on the I phase in 1984 were very convincing to the TEM community, but very controversial in the community of crystallographers.It was not until 1987 that large enough crystals were grown to enable single crystal x-ray diffraction, and the community of crystallographers was slowly convinced.Electron diffraction in the transmission electron microscope became a major tool for the discovery of new crystal structures.Most, if not all of the new quasi-periodic structures that were found since 1984 were discovered by electron diffraction in the TEM.In 1992 a committee of the International Union of Crystallographers changed the definition of a crystal to include Quasi-periodic crystals, but the new definition is more than that, for it defines 'Crystal', for the first time, through its reciprocal space.
Bibliography

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Islamic Social Finance provides an introduction to the Waqf system, which has played a significant socio-economic role throughout the history of Islamic civilization. In a contemporary framework, Waqf creates new networks between micro-entrepreneurs, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs), and entrepreneurship through voluntary donations made by individuals in a society. In other contexts, Waqf supports the financial system and contributes to the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Fenvalerate Induced Genotoxicity in Mammals

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

High insecticidal activity and low mammalian toxicity of fenvalerate (a synthetic pyrethroid) makes it a commonly used insecticide in agriculture. Oral LD50 of fenvalerate was determined by log-dose/probit regression line method, and found 426.58 mg/kg b.wt. In this study genotoxic effect of fenvalerate was analyzed by measuring chromosomal aberration (CA) in bone marrow of wistar rats. Rats were administered oral dose equivalent to LD25 for acute exposure (1 and 2 days) and dose equivalent to LD5 to chronic exposure (15, 30 and 60 days) treatments. Controls were run simultaneously for each treatment. Genotoxicity of fenvalerate has been found significant after acute (1and 2 days) and chronic (60 days) exposures, while non significant changes were observed after subacute (15 and 30 days) exposures. This mutagenic property of fenvalerate may be due to its ability to cause degenerative and necrotic damage to mammalian tissue.
Predicting Different Classes of Alzheimer's Disease using Transfer Learning and Ensemble Classifier

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent cause of dementia, affects over 55 million individuals globally. With aging populations, AD cases are expected to increase substantially, presenting a pressing public health challenge. Early diagnosis is crucial but remains challenging, particularly in the mild cognitive impairment stage before extensive neurodegeneration. Existing diagnostic methods often fall short due to the subtle nature of early AD symptoms, highlighting the need for more accurate and efficient approaches. In response to this challenge, we introduce a hybrid framework to enhance the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) across four classes by integrating various deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) techniques on an MRI image dataset. We applied multiple preprocessing techniques to the MRI images. Then, the methodology employs three pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs): VGG-16, VGG-19, and MobileNet - each undergoing training under diverse parameter settings through transfer learning to facilitate the extraction of meaningful features from images, utilizing convolution and pooling layers. Subsequently, for feature selection, a decision tree-based RFE method was employed to iteratively select the most significant features and enable more accurate AD classification. Finally, an XGBoost classifier was used to classify the multiclass types of AD under 5-fold cross-validation to assess the performance of our proposed model. The proposed model achieved the highest accuracy of 93% for multiclass classification, indicating that our approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods. This model could apply to clinical applications, marking a significant advancement in AD diagnostics.
A French Adaptation and Validation of Retirement Semantic Differential (RSD)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Retirement is associated with numerous representations, some of them being negative and the other positive. Yet, these representations affect the health of individuals in their transition to retirement. However, although the socio-political context in France favors the emergence of numerous representations of retired people, to our knowledge there is no scale validated in French that would allow us to evaluate them. Thus, the objective of this study was to adapt and validate a scale assessing representations of retired people, called the Retirement Semantic Differential (RSD), for a French population. The scale consists of a series of bipolar adjectives related to retirement, such as “active/passive” and “happy/sad”, with participants’ responses indicating the connotative meaning, positive or negative, about representations of retirement. A total of 279 participants aged 18 to 55 years, recruited online, completed the adapted version of the RSD. The results show that the scale has good psychometric properties. The analysis found a three-factor model, and some items were removed, resulting in a reduced version of the scale (11 items). The results will be discussed in terms of cultural and socio-political differences. This scale could contribute to a better understanding of the deleterious effects on health of the transition to retirement and serve to improve the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing the negative effects of these representations upon young retirees or those preparing for retirement.
Data_Sheet_3_Microheliella maris possesses the most gene-rich mitochondrial genome in Diaphoretickes.PDF

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>The mitochondrial genomes are very diverse, but their evolutionary history is unclear due to the lack of efforts to sequence those of protists (unicellular eukaryotes), which cover a major part of the eukaryotic tree. Cryptista comprises cryptophytes, goniomonads, kathablepharids, and Palpitomonas bilix, and their mitochondrial genomes (mt-genomes) are characterized by various gene contents, particularly the presence/absence of an ancestral (bacterial) system for the cytochrome c maturation system. To shed light on mt-genome evolution in Cryptista, we report the complete mt-genome of Microheliella maris, which was recently revealed to branch at the root of Cryptista. The M. maris mt-genome was reconstructed as a circular mapping chromosome of 61.2 kbp with a pair of inverted repeats (12.9 kbp) and appeared to be the most gene-rich among the mt-genomes of the members of Diaphoretickes (a mega-scale eukaryotic assembly including Archaeplastida, Cryptista, Haptista, and SAR) studied so far, carrying 53 protein-coding genes. With this newly sequenced mt-genome, we inferred and discussed the evolution of the mt-genome in Cryptista and Diaphoretickes.</p>
Synthesis of Optically Active Helical Poly(3-methyl-4-vinylpyridine)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis of Optically Active Helical Poly(3-methyl-4-vinylpyridine)Lisandra J. Ortiz and Ishrat M. KhanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314 Cite this: Macromolecules 1998, 31, 17, 5927–5929Publication Date (Web):August 1, 1998Publication History Received14 July 1997Revised6 July 1998Published online1 August 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma971036nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma971036nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anionic polymerization,Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Monomers,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Potential impacts of bioprocessing of sweet potato: Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is among the major food crops in the world and is cultivated in all tropical and subtropical regions particularly in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. Asia and Africa regions account for 95% of the world's production. Among the root and tuber crops grown in the world, sweet potato ranks second after cassava. In previous decades, sweet potato represented food and feed security, now it offers income generation possibilities, through bioprocessing products. Bioprocessing of sweet potato offers novel opportunities to commercialize this crop by developing a number of functional foods and beverages such as sour starch, lacto-pickle, lacto-juice, soy sauce, acidophilus milk, sweet potato curd and yogurt, and alcoholic drinks through either solid state or submerged fermentation. Sweet potato tops, especially leaves are preserved as hay or silage. Sweet potato flour and bagassae are used as substrates for production of microbial protein, enzymes, organic acids, monosodium glutamate, chitosan, etc. Additionally, sweet potato is a promising candidate for production of bioethanol. This review deals with the development of various products from sweet potato by application of bioprocessing technology. To the best of our knowledge, there is no review paper on the potential impacts of the sweet potato bioprocessing.
Comparative Study of Epidermal Grafting (Blister graft) versus STSG (Split-thickness skin grafting) in wound healing. Our experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) is one of the basic modalities for wound cover. Sometimes donor site becomes painful and leaves a second wound or scar which may take longer time to cure than the primary graft site itself. Epidermal grafting (Blister graft/Suction graft) is an alternative method of skin grafting in which we apply continuous negative pressure on the skin to harvest the epidermal layer of the skin. This procedure leaves minimal donor site morbidity or scar and is relatively less painful. It can be done on an outpatient basis. In our study, we try to compare STSG and Epidermal grafts and the mechanism by which each technique achieves wound healing.
A New Dividend Forecasting Procedure that Rejects Bubbles in Asset Prices: The Case of 1929’s Stock Crash

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Journal Article A New Dividend Forecasting Procedure that Rejects Bubbles in Asset Prices: The Case of 1929's Stock Crash Get access R. Glen Donaldson, R. Glen Donaldson University of British Columia Correspondence to: RG Donaldson, Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration, University of British Columbia, 2053 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mark Kamstra Mark Kamstra Simon Fraser University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Financial Studies, Volume 9, Issue 2, April 1996, Pages 333–383, https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/9.2.333 Published: 03 June 2015