jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Kuparuk Field Reservoir Management After 40 Years

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The giant Kuparuk Field (Figure 1), the second largest oil field on the Alaska North Slope and one of the largest oil fields in the United States, has been on production for 41 years. The field, a legacy asset in the ConocoPhillips portfolio, contains more than 7.5 Bstb OOIP with 2.5 Bstb in the C Sands and 5.0 Bstb in the A Sands. Production commenced in December 1981 and has cumulated to date more than 2.5 Bstb oil through water-flooding, immiscible water-alternating gas (IWAG) and miscible water-alternating-gas (MWAG) injection. Currently, the field produces about 60,000 stb/d oil, 515,000 bbl/d water and 105 MMscf/d gas, and injects 625,000 bbl/d water and 80 MMscf/d gas through 3 central processing facilities (CPF1, CPF2, and CPF3, located as shown in Figure 1), 45 drillsites, and about 700 active wells. Although the Kuparuk Field is mature, recent studies highlight the potential to optimize the oil recovery. Static and dynamic data along with benchmark studies indicate that the underlying Kuparuk A Sands are of lower maturity than the overlying Kuparuk C Sands. Significant A Sands recovery improvement is possible with strategic reservoir management practices. Several activities were undertaken to understand relative immaturities across the field and investigate methods to improve the performance of Kuparuk A Sands. These include: identifying geologically controlled reservoir performance regions, developing a state-of-the-art full field reservoir model, testing pattern realignment that combines infill drilling with reconfiguration of existing wellbores, and conducting injectivity treatments in various parts of the field. The analysis of available data shows the benefits of increasing the throughput in the Kuparuk A Sands through voidage balancing, improved produced water and gas handling strategies, waterflood pattern realignment, continued in-fill drilling, and increased injectivity. Kuparuk reservoir management has been revised to focus future activities around these core strategies tailored to specific reservoir regions. The intent of this paper is to document strategies that can be implemented to revitalize mature waterflood fields, specifically those that have been developed with commingled reservoirs.
Ribonucleotide reductase and thymidylate synthase or exogenous deoxyribonucleosides reduce DNA damage and senescence caused by C-MYC depletion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The down-regulation of dominant oncogenes, including C-MYC, in tumor cells often leads to the induction of senescence via mechanisms that are not completely identified. In the current study, we demonstrate that MYC-depleted melanoma cells undergo extensive DNA damage that is caused by the underexpression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and ribonucleotide reductase (RR) and subsequent depletion of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools. Simultaneous genetic inhibition of TS and RR in melanoma cells induced DNA damage and senescence phenotypes very similar to the ones caused by MYC-depletion. Reciprocally, overexpression of TS and RR in melanoma cells or addition of deoxyribo-nucleosides to culture media substantially inhibited DNA damage and senescence-associated phenotypes caused by C-MYC depletion. Our data demonstrate the essential role of TS and RR in C-MYC-dependent suppression of senescence in melanoma cells.
Black Power in the 1920s: The Case of Tuskegee Veterans Hospital

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

THE 1920s, LONG CHARACTERIZED AS BEING MARKED BY EXCESSES IN dress, drink, and debauchery, had other aspects that, though not so spectacular, were nevertheless significant. As white America enjoyed a new affluence and suffered the disaffection of intellectuals, black America discovered its soul. As white intellectuals fled to France to escape crass America, black workers fled the southern plantations for the hope of the northern ghetto. As the Ku Klux Klan lauded white supremacy, so Marcus Garvey praised black people and the African heritage and found the recent immigrants his most enthusiastic supporters. Pan-Africanism, the crusades of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the revolts on Negro campuses, and the eager work of the Urban League indicated an unrest and also an awareness that many black Americans desired a large, important, and increasing role in guiding their own lives. Crisis and Opportunity, the organs of the NAACP and the Urban League, respectively, became vehicles of the revolution in black attitudes. Black poetry, black literature, black art, and black accomplishments in other fields found enthusiastic champions in these and other journals. Black power, broadly defined as the organized effort of black Americans to shape their own destiny, emerged clearly in the 1920s. While the northern Negro experienced the excitement of new literary and political currents, a unique and portentous event unfolded in the South. In 1921 the Treasury Department decided to build a single hospital for Negro veterans. Such a hospital was imperative because many Negro veterans had been shunted into inferior private facilities or in some cases had been completely neglected. After several southern communities had turned down the proposed structure, Tuskegee, Alabama, accepted.1
Abstract S6-8: Hedgehog Ligand Overexpression Predicts Poor Outcome in Breast Cancer and Is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Metastatic Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: The Hh signalling pathway plays an important role in a number of malignancies, and accumulating data suggest it contributes significantly to the development and progression of breast cancer. However, there is scant data regarding the clinical significance of its dysregulation in breast cancer and its functional effects in breast cancer models. Methods: We investigated the clinical significance of the expression of Hh pathway components using immunohistochemistry in a well-characterised cohort of 279 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) to determine its prognostic significance. A murine mammary cancer allograft model based on the M6 cell line, derived from the C3/SV40T transgenic mouse was used to determine the effects of Shh overexpression on tumour growth in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the therapeutic potential of Hh blockade using the monoclonal antibody 5E1 was also explored in two mouse mammary carcinoma models; the M6 allograft model and the highly metastatic 4T1 cell line in immunocompetent Balb/C mice. Results: High Hh ligand expression was observed in 34% of IDC and was associated with increased risk of breast cancer recurrence (HR 1.95, p=0.0004) and breast cancer specific death (HR 2.3, p=0.0002). High Hh expression was also associated with the basal-like subtype (p=0.004). Overexpression of Hh ligand in M6 cells transplanted to fat pads of immunodeficient mice resulted in a 4 fold increase in tumor volume (p= 0.006) and was associated with upregulation of the canonical Hh target genes Gli1 and HHIP. However, Shh promoted peritumoral lymphatic invasion in 4/5 mice compared to only 1/5 in the vector control group and was associated with a significantly shorter time to the development of metastatic disease (p=0.0004). M6 cells overexpressing Hh ligand showed no change in proliferation, self renewal or migration in vitro, suggesting a requirement for stromal interaction in Hh-dependent tumor promotion. Finally, we found that the enhanced tumor growth conferred by Hh ligand overexpression could be blocked by administration of a neutralizing antibody to Hh ligand. Furthermore, using a metastatic mammary carcinoma isograft model (4T1) that endogenously expresses Hh ligand, we demonstrate that Hh blockade resulted in smaller lung metastatic deposits (p=0.045). Conclusions: We found that high Hh ligand is associated with a poor prognosis in IDC. Overexpression of Hh ligand promotes murine mammary tumor growth, which requires stromal interaction, as well as lymphatic vessel invasion. Finally, we demonstrate that blockade of the Hh ligand is a potential therapy in metastatic breast carcinoma. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr S6-8.
Theory and Practice: Exploring a holistic understanding of scientific literacy into the heart of science classrooms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is broad agreement in the science education community that generating scientifically literate students is not only a good thing, but the main goal for science education. However, this begs the question of what does scientific literacy encompass? And what can science teachers do to strengthen students’ literacy? To explore these questions this paper aims to clarify the concept of scientific literacy and the philosophical principles that underlie it. Based on this information, strategies will be presented that can help to bring scientific literacy into the heart of everyday classroom activities.
Extracellular Spermine Activates DNA Methyltransferase 3A and 3B

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We first demonstrated that long-term increased polyamine (spermine, spermidine, putrescine) intake elevated blood spermine levels in mice and humans, and lifelong consumption of polyamine-rich chow inhibited aging-associated increase in aberrant DNA methylation, inhibited aging-associated pathological changes, and extend lifespan of mouse. Because gene methylation status is closely associated with aging-associated conditions and polyamine metabolism is closely associated with regulation of gene methylation, we investigated the effects of extracellular spermine supplementation on substrate concentrations and enzyme activities involved in gene methylation. Jurkat cells and human mammary epithelial cells were cultured with spermine and/or D,L-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. Spermine supplementation inhibited enzymatic activities of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in both cells. The ratio of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosyl-L-methionine increased by DFMO and decreased by spermine. In Jurkat cells cultured with DFMO, the protein levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 1, 3A and 3B were not changed, however the activity of the three enzymes markedly decreased. The protein levels of these enzymes were not changed by addition of spermine, DNMT 3A and especially 3B were activated. We show that changes in polyamine metabolism dramatically affect substrate concentrations and activities of enzymes involved in gene methylation.
Introduction: Medieval Vision in Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

T he recent proliferation of books and articles devoted to vision and visuality has prompted speculation of a 'pictorial turn' or 'paradigm shift in the cultural imaginary of our age'.2 Yet despite this interest, and the expanding body of scholarship it has produced, the medieval period has remained curiously under-represented. To quote Jeffrey Hamburger, 'the relation between medieval and modern modes of vision remains vexed, in large measure because, the history of optics and perspective aside, it remains virtually unexamined'.3 This book will, I hope, enable such historical comparisons to be made. But before we turn our attention to the Middle Ages, it seems salutary to reflect on the visuality of modern historiography. Where medieval vision is concerned, I believe we are dealing less with a scholarly oversight than with an historical blind spot. There are at least three plausible reasons why historians and theorists of vision may have neglected medieval texts or images. The first has to do with the critical apparatus available to the contemporary theorist. Recent work on visuality has been dominated by a Lacanian paradigm in which the visual gestalt—the mirror image for example—signifies the bounded subject of modern culture.KeywordsThirteenth CenturyLinear PerspectivePerceptual ConsciousnessVisual CultureVisual MetaphorThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Witches and Forgers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Scepticism and loyalty represent the poles of van Dale’s career. Two contexts have been mentioned as relevant here: the seventeenth-century attack on magic and superstition, and the circles of friendship that created a contemporary Republic of Letters. This chapter evaluates both contexts, as well as others that may throw light on his relatively neglected attitude to the text of the Bible. It brings into focus two important intellectual episodes: his treatment of the account of the Witch of Endor (1 Samuel 28:3–25), and his engagement with Hellenistic sources relating to the text of the Old Testament, especially to the miraculous composition of the Septuagint. These issues brought van Dale to ask questions about God’s Word. The chapter explores the limits of his scepticism, the extent of his scholarship, and the role of friendship and isolation in his development. Finally, it draws attention to his place in contemporary Mennonite debates.
Diskursus Gerakan Salamullah Lia Eden

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Indonesia has been overcrowded by spiritual movements which provide a quest for spiritual satisfaction. Among all spiritual movement in Indonesia, Salamullah was a few leads by a woman. Lia Eden, her original name is Lia Aminuddin, took a significant role in the new spiritual movement in Indonesia. Interestingly, in patriarchal culture as in Indonesia, Lia Eden has successfully gained followers from both sexes. The question then arises, what kind of pedagogical method she used to gain followers? How Salamullah treat followers from different sexes? Are there any differences? This paper is aim to answer those questions based on spirituality, pedagogy, and Salamullah as a counter-public movement. The narration of Salamullah movement will be started from its history which then continued by the pedagogical approach used by Salamullah, and the next narration will examine the position of Salamullah as a counter-public movement. [Telah sejak lama gerakan spiritual meramaikan kontestasi agama di Negara Indonesia. masifnya gerakan spiritual di Indonesia tidak terlepas dari upaya untuk memenuhi kepuasan secara spiritual. Menariknya, dari sekian banyak gerakan spiritual yang berkembang di Indonesia, terdapat Salamullah yang dipimpin oleh seorang perempuan. Lia Aminuddin, atau yang lebih dikenal dengan Lia Eden memiliki peran yang sangat signifikan dalam gerakan spiritual di Indonesia sebagai salah satu pendobrak sistem keagamaan yang telah lama dikuasai oleh kekuasaan patriarki. Terlebih lagi, Lia Eden dapat menarik pengikut dari kedua gender, laki-laki maupun perempuan. Pertanyaan yang muncul kemudian adalah narasi apa yang ia gunakan untuk menarik para pengikut? Bagaimana Salamullah memperlakukan pengikut dari gender yang berbeda? Apakah mereka diperlakukan dengan sama? Makalah ini mencoba menjawabnya melalui tema spiritualitas, narasi, dan gerakan Salamullah sebagai suatu counter-public. Penjelasan akan diawali dengan sejarah singkat Salamullah yang dilanjutkan dengan penjabaran narasi yang digunakan oleh Lia Eden, serta diakhiri dengan analisis gerakan Salamullah sebagai suatu counter-public.]
Conducting Successful Supervision: Novel Elements Towards an Integrative Approach

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In recent years that has been an increasing interest in supervision within the UK's cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) community. This is because the role of supervision has begun to be recognized in relation to the delivery of effective clinical services (Department of Health, 1998), and because of a clear recognition of the need to ensure that CBT practitioners are competent. Perhaps less well recognized in CBT are a number of interesting educational approaches to supervision, ones that may make supervision more successful. This paper summarizes some of these theories from a CBT perspective. Whilst the evidence base does not yet justify being too prescriptive, it is argued that some of these theories, such as Vygotsky's notion of the “Zone of Proximal Development”, provide helpful prompts for reflecting on CBT supervision. An integrative model is constructed from these theories, with illustrative examples and suggestions for future research.
Predictors of functional outcomes in patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is one of the most prevalent muscular dystrophies characterized by considerable variability in severity, rates of progression and functional outcomes. Few studies follow FSHD cohorts long enough to understand predictors of disease progression and functional outcomes, creating gaps in our understanding, which impacts clinical care and the design of clinical trials. Efforts to identify molecularly targeted therapies create a need to better understand disease characteristics with predictive value to help refine clinical trial strategies and understand trial outcomes. Here we analysed a prospective cohort from a large, longitudinally followed registry of patients with FSHD in the USA to determine predictors of outcomes such as need for wheelchair use. This study analysed de-identified data from 578 individuals with confirmed FSHD type 1 enrolled in the United States National Registry for FSHD Patients and Family members. Data were collected from January 2002 to September 2019 and included an average of 9 years (range 0–18) of follow-up surveys. Data were analysed using descriptive epidemiological techniques, and risk of wheelchair use was determined using Cox proportional hazards models. Supervised machine learning analysis was completed using Random Forest modelling and included all 189 unique features collected from registry questionnaires. A separate medications-only model was created that included 359 unique medications reported by participants. Here we show that smaller allele sizes were predictive of earlier age at onset, diagnosis and likelihood of wheelchair use. Additionally, we show that females were more likely overall to progress to wheelchair use and at a faster rate as compared to males, independent of genetics. Use of machine learning models that included all reported clinical features showed that the effect of allele size on progression to wheelchair use is small compared to disease duration, which may be important to consider in trial design. Medical comorbidities and medication use add to the risk for need for wheelchair dependence, raising the possibility for better medical management impacting outcomes in FSHD. The findings in this study will require further validation in additional, larger datasets but could have implications for clinical care, and inclusion criteria for future clinical trials in FSHD.
101. Does Cognitive Remediation Therapy Prevent Relapses in Stabilized Schizophrenia Outpatients? A 1-Year RCT Follow-Up Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

\nBackground: Relapses do not only add psychological burden to the individuals, their friends and families, but also are costly to the government and the health-care system. Thus, relapse prevention is a major concern and goes along with the primary goal of any treatment: remission of positive and also negative symptoms within functional recovery. The Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group (RSWG) defines remission as mild or less severe symptoms for a period of at least 6Â months. Besides medication, relapse prevention became an important treatment goal for psychosocial intervention. Since years, study data support evidence for successful relapse prevention of psycho-educative and family therapy approaches, but little is known about any impact Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) has.
Citizen Science Monitoring for Sustainable Development Goal Indicator 6.3.2 in England and Zambia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Citizen science has the potential to support the delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through its integration into national monitoring schemes. In this study, we explore the opportunities and biases of citizen science (CS) data when used either as a primary or secondary source for SDG 6.3.2 reporting. We use data from waterbodies that have both CS and regulatory monitoring in England and Zambia to explore their biases and complementarity. A comparative analysis of regulatory and CS data provided key information on appropriate sampling frequency, site selection and measurement parameters, necessary for more robust SDG reporting. The results show elevated agreement for pass/fail ratios and indicator scores for English waterbodies (80%) and demonstrate CS data can improve granularity and spatial coverage for SDG indicator scoring, even when extensive statutory monitoring programmes are present. In Zambia, management authorities are actively using citizen science projects to increase spatial and temporal coverage for SDG reporting. Our results indicate that design considerations for SDG focused citizen science can address local needs as well as provide a more representative indicator of the state of a nation&rsquo;s freshwater ecosystems for international reporting requirements.
Novel Therapies for Sleep Apnea—The Implants Have Arrived!

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy has been the standard treatment of choice for sleep disordered breathing, with 29-83% of patients being noncompliant. With the advent of newly Food and Drug Adminisatration (FDA)-approved implantable stimulators for treating sleep disordered breathing in a fraction of noncompliant PAP therapy patients, the landscape of sleep medicine and sleep technology is changing to narrow the gap between compliant and non-compliant patients. The remedē® System for treating central sleep apnea and the Inspire® upper airway stimulation (UAS) therapy for treating obstructive sleep apnea are providing new tools for sleep physicians, elevating sleep technologists' expertise, and paving the way for personalized medicine.
The complex interplay between relationship, identity and behaviour in young people (12-18 years) : a psycho-spiritual approach

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Young people are currently affected in the realm of self-esteem, identity development and relational behaviour amidst advancing technology. There is the need for research in this area. Obstacles include fragmented homes, distance job–location and back-log parental education. There is the need for spiritual direction and for the formation of Christian spiritual principles. This is evident in the attraction of young people to cults and the influences of the New Age. The study will explore the complexity of relationships, identity and behaviour in young people. The empirical research will be obtained with permission from a school in the Eastern Cape; the focus group of this study is ages 11 – 18 years. The aim of this study will be to explore interventions which can help facilitate better personal, family and peer relationships in adolescents. The aim will further be to help bring about better integration in their personalities, relationships and communication.