jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SWOT-analysis as an analysis tool of academic staff training for improvement strategy development

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Постоянное развитие экономики и международного пространства подразумевает высокую востребованность в высококвалифицированных кадрах на рынке, на что в свою очередь влияет количество и качество научно-педагогических кадров. Федеральный закон от 29 декабря 2012 г. № 273-ФЗ «Об образовании в Российской Федерации» и Концепция «Комплексной программы повышения профессионального уровня педагогических работников общеобразовательных организаций» подчеркивают приоритетность разработки и реализации образовательных программ аспирантуры. Изменение подходов к подготовке научного-педагогических кадров является необходимым для обеспечения качественного и конкурентоспособного уровня образования и восполнения кадров в современном научном обществе и профессиональном пространстве. Важным инструментом совершенствования работы аспирантуры явилась разработка стратегии развития посредством SWOT-анализа. Таким образом, в статье были выявлены и структурированы факторы и меры, которые существенно влияют на повышение результативности и эффективности исследуемой аспирантуры. Следует отметить, что авторы провели реальную оценку собственных сил и возникающих ситуаций на основе сравнительного анализа ведущих университетов Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики», Национального исследовательского Томского политехнического университета, Санкт-Петербургского национального исследовательского университета информационных технологий, механики и оптики и Московского государственного университета имени М.В. Ломоносова, что позволило сформировать основные критерии. SWOT-анализ в данном исследовании также применялся в совокупности с такими методами, как многофакторный анализ и анкетирование. В результате анализа слабых и сильных сторон, возможностей и угроз образовательного процесса посредством матрицы были определены действия для реализации возможностей, направленные на улучшение или изменение слабых сторон, предотвращающие возможные угрозы и минимизирующие риски. В статье предлагаются оптимальные стратегические
Rigorous Analytical Model for Metasurface Microscopic Design with Interlayer Coupling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a semianalytical method for designing meta-atoms in multilayered metasurfaces (MSs), relying on a rigorous model developed for multielement metagratings. Notably, this model properly accounts for near-field coupling effects, allowing reliable design even for extremely small interlayer spacings, verified via commercial solvers. This technique forms an appealing alternative to the common full-wave optimization employed for MS microscopic design to date.
LATIN AND OLD IRISH IN THE MUNICH COMPUTUS: A REASSESSMENT AND FURTHER EVIDENCE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article analyses the relatively rare phenomenon of code-switching and code-mixing from Latin to Old Irish in the Munich Computus. All (including previously unnoticed) instances of Old Irish in this Latin text are discussed, both from the linguistic point of view and as regards the reasons for their application. The author of the Munich Computus, writing in AD 719 and consequently being one of the earliest compilers of a comprehensive computistical textbook, faced the difficult task of transferring classroom teaching into writing without a model for this task at hand. In this context, it is argued that the shift to an informal register (Old Irish) was employed to serve specific didactical purposes, to facilitate the understanding of complicated technical material. Additionally, this analysis sheds more light on the function and nature of the Munich Computus itself.
Size Spectra of Snow Particles Measured in Wintertime Precipitation in the Pacific Northwest

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Particle size spectra collected by the University of Washington’s Convair-580 research aircraft at a variety of altitudes and temperatures in winter frontal and orographic precipitation systems during the Improvement of Microphysical Parameterization through Observational Verification Experiment (IMPROVE) are analyzed in this study. The particle size spectra generally appeared to conform to an exponential size distribution, with well-correlated linear fits between the log of the number concentration and particle diameter. When the particle size spectra were grouped according to the habit composition as determined from airborne imagery, significantly improved correlations between the size spectrum parameters and temperature were obtained. This result could potentially be exploited for specifying the size distribution in a single-moment bulk microphysical scheme, if particle habit is predicted by the scheme. Analyses of “spectral trajectories” suggest that the rime-splintering process was likely responsible for the presence of needle and column habit types and the positive shift in both N0s and λs at temperatures warmer than −10°C.
From Syndrome to Spectrum: What Evolution Suggests about the Status of the Metabolic Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 2005 the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes questioned the value of the metabolic syndrome as a diagnostic category(1). In the same year, Reaven delivered a noted “obituary” for the metabolic syndrome in this journal, while defending the insulin resistance syndrome as a pathophysiologic entity(2). But despite these broadsides, the concept of the metabolic syndrome is attracting continued support. PubMed lists 1775 articles with “metabolic syndrome” in the title or abstract published during 2005, 2566 during 2006, and 1689 for the first 6 months of 2007. Clearly, rumors of the syndrome’s demise have been greatly exaggerated.

There are several reasons why the metabolic syndrome continues to thrive as a concept. First, there is a widespread sense that its components are sufficiently coupled mechanistically to suggest some kind of disease entity. Second, the term and concept retain utility simply for want of a fuller description of the underlying pathology. Third, the …
10-Year outcomes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mehaffey, James H. MD; Lapar, Damien MD; Clement, Kathleen; Seaman, Sierra J.; Turrentine, Florence E. PhD, RN; Miller, Michael; Hallowell, Peter T. MD, FACS; Schirmer, Bruce D. MD, FACS Author Information
I. Far East

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In 1966, a group of Asian and Western psychiatrists and social scientists met at the East-West Center in Honolulu to discuss problems and results of mental health research in Asia and the Pacific. The proceedings of this conference have been compiled and edited by W. CAUDILL and TSUNG-YI-LIN. A review of their book ushers in this section. J. G. DRAGUNS and his associates have extended their studies, regarding the relationship between social competence and psychiatric symptomatology, to Japan and have carried out a cross cultural comparison between observations made in Japan and the United States. S. IWAWAKI and his colleagues compared anxiety test data obtained from Japanese children with test data obtained in other countries, especially in the United States. Explanations for cross-cultural differences are offered and discussed. B. H. KRAMER'S study, carried out in West Malaysia, attempts to describe and analyze the role of a traditional healing ceremony called Main Puteri. The author concludes that this ceremony is more successful in treating depressed Malaysian patients than are the techniques of "modern" psycho therapy.
Learning behaviors across levels in new ventures and innovation outcomes

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines how learning behaviors in new ventures lead to innovation. Mediation analysis of the relationships between individual co-founders’ learning behaviors, firm-level exploration/exploitation learning activities, and innovation suggests a complex view about how firm-level knowledge emerges. The results show that individual learning behaviors of entrepreneurs impact firm-level exploratory and exploitative learning activities, and indirectly affect firm innovation. Co-founder trust strongly predicts entrepreneurial learning activities and firm-level learning activities. Unexpectedly, co-founder experience heterogeneity reflecting prior knowledge has mixed effects on learning behaviors and innovation activities. The research draws on technology entrepreneurs who started their firms with trusted co-founders.
ChemInform Abstract: Syn‐Selective Nitro‐Michael Addition of Furanones to β,β‐Disubstituted Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by epi‐Quinine Derivatives.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective nitro‐Michael addition of furanones to β,β‐disubstituted nitroalkenes catalyzed by epi‐quinine catalyst is reported.
Successful strategies for ambiguity resolution in dialogue

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Everyday communication is characterised by the common phenomenon of ambiguity (WinterFroemel and Zirker, 2010), which occurs when more than one meaning is associated with one item (Ziegler, 2010). Many spatial terms, for example, can be interpreted in different ways and are thus inherently ambiguous (Schober, 1993). In dialogue, speaker and addressee must agree on one of the potential interpretations to enable understanding. Our study addresses referring strategies that interlocutors use to specify object location, and associated problems that may cause a failure of object placement. We present a qualitative analysis of the negotiation of a bedside table’s location as a case study for object placement in dialogue, contrasting the description of functional and non-functional spatial arrays.
[Wood dust concentrations in wood processing industries].

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

68 mean values of airborne shift concentration of total dust were measured at 9 factories of woodworking industries. The values varied from 0.18 to 59.3 mg/m3 for area sampling. But at 63% of the woodworking machines with exhaustion the area sampling shift concentration of total dust reached fewer values than 5 mg/m3. This is a significant decrease of dust concentration in the last ten years.
Working with intellectually disabled autistic individuals – a qualitative study using repertory grids

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to elucidate how care professionals/providers construe, understand and make sense of the characteristics that are important when providing care to adults with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, based on their experiences of working within their roles within a residential care setting. Design/methodology/approach Care professionals and providers working at a community autism and intellectual disability service were interviewed to ascertain their experiences of working with this client group. The research design adopted a qualitative methodology using repertory grids. Findings Ten members of staff who agreed to participate formed the study’s sample. This consisted of team leaders, support workers, one member of the executive management team and one clinical member of staff. Ten themes were identified for working effectively with people with autism and intellectual disabilities. These were: making autism-specific adaptations, approachable, reflective/self-aware, strong understanding of their residents/empathetic, benevolent, empowering, follows plans consistently, confident in ability to support residents with autism, resilient, respectful. Practical implications The paper discusses each of these ten themes above and how employers can aid in selecting individuals who may be more suited to working with this patient group. Originality/value A literature search demonstrated a lack of empirical research, especially qualitative research, on this topic.
The pathological findings in young goose (Anser anser domesticus) fed with moulded with Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Bu çalışmada, her bir grupta 20 hayvan bulunan toplam 60 adet 1 günlük kaz palazları kullanıldı. Bu guruplardanbirinci ve ikinci gruba sırasıyla 2.5 ppm ve 5 ppm total aflatoksin içeren yem verildi. Üçüncü kontrol grubundakipalazlar ise aflatoksin içermeyen yemle beslendi. Çalışmanın 30’uncu günü bütün gruplarda kalan kaz palazları ötenaziedilerek sistemik nekropsileri yapıldı. Nekropsi sonrası alınan karaciğer, böbrek, barsak, dalak, bursa fabricius,akciğer, kalp, beyin ve beyincik örneklerinin yapılan makroskobik muayenesinden sonra, bu örnekler %10’luk tamponluformaldehit solüsyonunda tespit edilerek rutin doku takip işlemleri tamamlandıktan sonra mikroskobik olarakincelendi. Makroskobik olarak karaciğer ve böbreklerin soluklaştığı ve büyüdüğü dikkati çekerken, mikroskobik incelemelerdekaraciğerde hidropikten yağlanmaya kadar değişen dejenerasyon ve safra kanal hiperplazileri ile böbrektetubuler epitelyumda dejenerasyon gözlendi. Sonuç olarak aflatoksinlerin kaz palazlarında düşük dozlarda bile karaciğerve böbrek hasarına sebep olan şiddetli toksik etkiye sahip oldukları ortaya konulmuştur.
Environmental Disaster and Mental Health: Coping and Depression among Survivors of Multiple Disasters

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although previous studies have focused on various coping strategies and their relationships with mental health, limited attention has been given to exploring coping and depression among residents living in disaster-prone communities. The purpose of this study was to examine how various coping styles are related to depressive symptoms among residents of the Mississippi Gulf Coast who have survived multiple disasters. Specifically, this study aimed to analyze three methods of coping–positive reframe coping, help-seeking coping, and substance use coping–and their relationships to depressive symptoms. Because this geographic area is prone to a higher rate of disasters, it is imperative to examine the manner in which residents are coping with these stressful events. This analysis included a randomly selected sampling of 216 Mississippi Gulf Coast respondents who lived in the Gulf Coast area during both Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the coping variables and the demographic variables collectively explained 43 percent of the variance in depressive symptoms. For this sample, positive reframe coping was negatively associated with depressive symptoms, whereas substance use coping was positively associated and help-seeking coping was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Implications for these findings for social work practice at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels will be discussed.
THE DON MENSHEVIKS ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF WORLD WAR I: THE SOURCE STUDY REVIEW OF MATERIALS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper provides the review of the known bases of sources and new documents and archival materials on the history of the Don Mensheviks organizations in the conditions of World War I. Special attention is given to the analysis of the party periodicals being the most valuable source, giving representation about the number of the Mensheviks organizations, their social base, the forms and methods of party struggle and activity. Features of the archival materials available in the central and regional archives in the context of the research topic are considered. For the first time in the regional historiography of the Mensheviks party, the authors introduce a numbers of archival documents, allowing to study the political tactics, the dynamics of quantitative and a social composition of the Mensheviks organizations in the Don area in the conditions of the World War I.
Characterization of Erosion of Metallic Materials Under Cavitation Attack in a Mineral Oil

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Cavitation erosion and erosion rates of eight metallic materials representing three crystal structures were studied. The erosion experiments were conducted with a 20-kHz ultrasonic magnetostrictive oscillator in a viscous mineral oil. The erosion rates of the metals with an fcc matrix were 10 to 100 times higher than that of an hop-matrix titanium alloy. The erosion rates of iron and molybdenum, with bcc matrices, were higher than that of the titanium alloy but lower than those of those of the fcc materials. Studies with scanning electron microscopy indicated that the cavitation pits were initially formed at the grain boundaries and precipitates and that the pits formed at the junction of grain boundaries grew faster than the others. Transcrystalline craters formed by cavitation attack over the surface of grains and roughened the surfaces by multiple slip and twinning. Surface roughness measurements showed that the pits that formed over the grain boundaries deepened faster than pits. Computer analysis revealed that a geometric expression describes the nondimensional erosion curves during the time period 0.5 t (sub 0) t 2.5 t (sub 0), where t (sub 0) is the incubation period. The fcc metals had very short incubation periods; the titanium alloy had the longest incubation period.
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Hypophosphatasia in Chinese Adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited disease caused by ALPL mutation, resulting in decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and damage to bone and tooth mineralization. The clinical symptoms of adult HPP are variable, making diagnosis challenging. This study aims to clarify the clinical and genetic characteristics of HPP in Chinese adults. There were 19 patients, including 1 with childhood-onset and 18 with adult-onset HPP. The median age was 62 (32–74) years and 16 female patients were involved. Common symptoms included musculoskeletal symptoms (12/19), dental problems (8/19), fractures (7/19), and fatigue (6/19). Nine patients (47.4%) were misdiagnosed with osteoporosis and six received anti-resorptive treatment. The average serum ALP level was 29.1 (14–53) U/L and 94.7% (18/19) of patients had ALP levels below 40 U/L. Genetic analysis found 14 ALPL mutations, including three novel mutations—c.511C>G (p.His171Ala), c.782C>A (p.Pro261Gln), and 1399A>G (p.Met467Val). The symptoms of two patients with compound heterozygous mutations were more severe than those with heterozygous mutations. Our study summarized the clinical characteristics of adult HPP patients in the Chinese population, expanded the spectrum of pathogenic mutations, and deepened clinicians’ understanding of this neglected disease.
LHD TESPEL-CCD #116558.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Tracer-Encapsulated Solid Pellet(TESPEL) is a double-layered impurity pellet, which basically consists of polystyrene polymer (-CH(C6H5)CH2-) as an outer shell and tracer particles as a core. TESPEL can be utilized for various physics-oriented experiments, e.g. impurity injection for the perturbative impurity transport, induction of a cold pulse propagation.
Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Andina (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta): a New Moss Genus from the Tropical Andes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Andina, a new genus of Pottiaceae, is described with seven species from the Andes. Andina elata and A. granulosa are transferred from Pseudocrossidium, A. coquimbensis, A. oedocostata, and A. pruinosa from Didymodon, and A. churchilliana and A. limensis are newly described. The genus can be distinguished from all other Pottiaceae by a combination of characters: absence of a stem hyalodermis, axillary hairs with brownish basal cells, cucullate leaf apices, strongly recurved to revolute leaves with margins infolded at the apex, red to orange coloration of the lamina when exposed to potassium hydroxide, ventral costal outgrowths differentiated as a pad of bulging and papillose cells, filaments, or lamellae, and upper laminal cells usually bulging on both surfaces. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of plastid DNA sequences (trnL-trnF and trnG) were undertaken to estimate the phylogenetic position of the new genus. The molecular data suggest a close relationship of Andina to the genera Gertrudiella and Didymodon with which it shares a common ancestor.
Nasal Nitric Oxide in Healthy Adults – Reference Values and Affecting Factors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important endogenous mediator with significant role in the respiratory system. Many endogenous and exogenous factors influence the synthesis of NO and its level is significantly changed during the inflammation. Analysis of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) is not validated so far as the diagnostic method. There is a lack of reference values with possible identification of factors modulating the nNO levels. In healthy adult volunteers (n=141) we studied nasal NO values by NIOX MINO® (Aerocrine, Sweden) according to the recommendations of the ATS & ERS. Gender, age, height, body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, FEV1/FVC, PEF and numbers of leukocytes, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes were studied as potential variables influencing the levels of nNO. The complexity of the results allowed us to create a homogenous group for nasal NO monitoring and these data can be used further as the reference data for given variables. Because of significant correlation between nNO and exhaled NO, our results support the “one airway – one disease” concept. Reference values of nasal NO and emphasis of the individual parameters of tested young healthy population may serve as a starting point in the non-invasive monitoring of the upper airway inflammation.
Holistic obstetrics and gynaecology mind maps teaching an easy-to-use tool provides equality of learning, teaching, and assessment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the learning benefits of holistic Obstetrics and Gynaecology mind maps (HOGMMs) in acquiring a range of clinical skills, standardizing assessment, and teaching methods. Methodology: HOGMMs were developed and had been used as a teaching tool for Year 3 medical students (n=113) for 6 months in between January and July 2016 as a tool to assist their learning during their Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OG) rotation. The HOGMMs were taught to all Year 3 medical students and a soft copy of the tool was shared with them as a reference for their use during their clinical placement in OG rotation. After the completion of their OG rotation, students were invited to complete a questionnaire assessing perceived benefits for skill acquisition, and standardizing assessment and teaching methods. Results: The majority of students believed HOGMMs was a useful learning tool across a range of parameters (min = 59%; n = 96). Students who believed HOGMMs to be useful for standardising assessment were more likely to report mutual benefits in terms of student learning (χ2=35.836; P=0.0005) and standardising teaching methods (χ2=20.256; P =0.0005). Conclusion: This study suggests that students’ value our HOGMM’s not only for developing clinical skills but also standardising assessment and teaching methods.