jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Low Rate of Teriparatide Supplementation for the Treatment of Osteoporotic Pelvic Fractures in Elderly Females

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Osteoporotic pelvic fractures in the elderly lead to pain and immobility resulting in decreased quality of life and worsening frailty. Teriparatide has been shown to shorten time to fracture union, diminish pain, and improve mobilization. At our hospital, this medication is prescribed by an outpatient endocrinologist or geriatrician. We hypothesize that elderly female patients sustaining low energy lateral compression (LC) pelvic fractures are not given Teriparatide. This study reports rates of successful Teriparatide initiation and looks for areas of improvement. Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review of stable LC pelvic fractures admitted to a single urban academic level 1 trauma center from January 2012 to February 2021 was conducted. Females over 60 years old with stable LC pelvic fractures were included. Males and those aged less than 60 were excluded. Results 118 females with mean age of 79.1 ± 10.5 were included. Fourteen patients were not eligible for Teriparatide due to medical history, leaving 104 eligible patients. Twenty-eight patients (23.7%) had previous dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans with mean T-scores of −3.14 ± 1.1 and 61% had Medicare insurance. Orthopaedic services recommended Teriparatide in 100% of cases. Geriatricians or endocrinologists documented evaluations for Teriparatide in 18 (17%), prescribed in 10 (9.6%), and initiated in 7 (6.7%) patients. Insurance type did not significantly differ among those that initiated Teriparatide and those that did not ( p-0.10). Insurance did not approve the medication in 2 instances and in 1 instance it was discontinued at follow-up. Conclusion Despite level 1 evidence of Teriparatide’s benefit for elderly osteoporotic women with low energy LC pelvic fractures, we failed to initiate treatment in 93% of eligible patients. Barriers to initiation included low rates of medical evaluation for its use and failure of insurance coverage. There are opportunities for multidisciplinary collaboration to increase evaluation for and initiation of Teriparatide. Level of Evidence Cohort Retrospective (level III evidence).
Abstract P532: Does Atrial Fibrillation Impact Rate of Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated With rt-PA and/or Endovascular Treatment?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to atrial fibrillation (afib) may have increased complications from intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular treatment (ET) compared to other stroke subtypes. The purpose of this study was to compare the rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in patients with and without a history of a fib treated with IV rt-PA and/or ET. Methods: Consecutive stroke code activations were retrospectively analyzed from January 2004-June 2020 at an academic comprehensive stroke center. Patients were included if they were treated with IV rt-PA and/or ET within 24 hours of stroke onset. Patients were stratified into the six groups:1-No hx of a fib with ET only, 2-Hx of a fib with ET only, 3-No hx of a fib with IV rt-PA plus ET, 4-Hx of a fib with IV rt-PA plus ET, 5-No hx of a fib with IV rt-PA only, 6-Hx of a fib with IV rt-PA only. Primary outcome was defined as any sICH within 72 hours of treatment using the NINDS definition. Baseline demographics were compared. Chi squared was used to assess differences in sICH rates and logistic regression to compare individual groups. Analyses were both unadjusted and adjusted for baseline NIHSS, age, sex, baseline blood pressure, pre-stroke mRS, smoking status, and baseline glucose. Results: We identified 720 AIS patients who received acute treatment (IV rt-PA: n=578; ET: n=100; IV rt-PA+ET:n=18). There was a significant difference in sex (p=0.005); Hispanic ethnicity (p=0.002); current smoking (p=<0.001); current alcohol use (p=0.03), CHF (p=0.01); and age (p<0.0001) between groups. Baseline NIHSS was significantly higher in Group 4 (23, SD 8, p=<0.001).In adjusted analysis, there was no significant difference in sICH in patients with a fib after receiving IVtPA (OR 1.53, CI 0.47-4.99, p=0.48), ET (OR 0.93 , CI 0-∞, p=1.00), or both (OR 0.25,CI 0.00-9.07, p=0.45) compared to those without afib. There was no significant difference in sICH in adjusted analyses in patients with and without a fib overall (OR 0.93, CI 0-∞, p=1.00). Conclusion: In this study, atrial fibrillation did not have a significant impact on rates of sICH in AIS patients treated with IV rt-PA, ET, or both. This study supports the safety of IV rt-PA, ET, and combination therapy in the atrial fibrillation population.
Comparative Analysis of Two Elastic Types of Surface‐Crosslinked Gelatin Nanoparticles as Suitable Systems for Macromolecular Drug Delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract With a steadily rising number of novel biopharmaceuticals in development, the demand for applicable delivery systems for macromolecular drugs persists. Polymeric nanoparticles, consisting of the natural product gelatin, present beneficial attributes for this application. To stabilize those nanoparticles without interfering with encapsulated macromolecules, surface‐crosslinked gelatin particles are developed and thoroughly characterized for their physicochemical and mechanical properties. With only limited data available for the latter, investigating the elastic properties can offer a more comprehensive understanding of the crosslinking processes involved and of the gelatin particles’ potential applications. In this study, protocols for surface‐crosslinked gelatin particles type A (GNP‐A) and B (GNP‐B) are described. Significant differences between the two types of gelatin are reported regarding their physicochemical and mechanical properties. GNP‐A consists of a lower crosslinking degree, leading to pronounced swelling in aqueous environments and softer nanoparticles. They possess contrary properties compared to the more extensively crosslinked and stiffer GNP‐B. However, this doesn't affect encapsulation efficiency, allowing to develop nanoparticulate systems suitable for various applications by adjusting the particle properties while maintaining the same drug load. These findings provide a deeper understanding of polymeric gelatin particles and reveal the importance of investigating the mechanical properties of drug delivery systems during pharmaceutical development.
Displacement and the Perception of Space: Internally Displaced Persons in Khartoum

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Displacement could be identified as a disruption of the everyday dynamics; a sudden change which causes a profound questioning of what may have seemed self-evident (Heynen and Loeckx 1998). Displacement may manifest in manifold ways ranging from physical displacement to more complex modes of mental and metaphorical displacements. The discussion I choose to bring to the fore revolves around the perception of space in a condition of displacement. Space, here, is not restricted to the domestic space, it is also not limited to the physical space; space here becomes the flexible stage, the constantly shifting platform upon which the various manifestations of displacement take place.
In this paper, I choose to investigate how space is perceived on one hand, and how it is used, appropriated and transformed on the other. Therefore, not only am I dealing with questions of physical displacement (migrations) in defining the plight of the southern Sudanese Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) who have arrived at the borders of a capital city (Khartoum), but also with the complex multitude of changes in the social, cultural and economic environment which has caused them to design their own distinct ways of perceiving and interacting with space; drawing their stand-points of resistance towards an all encompassing forceful urban environment that is in everyway different from the lands and cultures from which they were forced to flee. All these different and complex ways in which displacement manifests cause us to pay a particular interest to space as a stage that witnesses the phenomenon.
The Rungus Longhouse of Bavanggazo: Preserving Sabah's Cultural Heritage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study explores the unique cultural heritage of the Rungus people through their traditional longhouses in Bavanggazo, Sabah. It aims to understand how these architectural structures support the preservation of the Rungus language, traditions, and identity amid modernizing influences. Using a qualitative ethnographic approach, data were gathered through interviews and direct observation to capture the lived experiences within these longhouses. The findings highlight the active role of the Rungus language in daily communication, the enduring practice of cultural ceremonies, and the architectural significance of longhouses in sustaining intergenerational heritage. Furthermore, the study discusses factors contributing to the decline of traditional longhouses and the initiatives by the Rungus community to preserve this cultural symbol. By emphasizing the intersection of architecture and cultural sustainability, this research offers insights into the challenges and strategies involved in safeguarding indigenous heritage.
Self-reported health problems and obesity predict sickness absence during a 12-month follow-up: a prospective cohort study in 21 608 employees from different industries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To study whether self-reported health problems predict sickness absence (SA) from work in employees from different industries. Methods The results of a health risk appraisal (HRA) were combined with archival data of SA of 21 608 employees (59% female, 56% clerical). Exposure variables were self-reported health problems, labelled as ‘work disability (WD) risk factors’ in the HRA, presence of problems with occupational well-being and obesity. Age, socioeconomic grading and the number of SA days 12 months before the survey were treated as confounders. The outcome measure was accumulated SA days during 12-month follow-up. Data were analysed separately for males and females. A Hurdle model with negative binomial response was used to analyse zero-inflated count data of SA. Results The HRA results predicted the number of accumulated SA days during the 12-month follow-up, regardless of occupational group and gender. The ratio of means of SA days varied between 2.7 and 4.0 among those with ‘WD risk factors’ and the reference category with no findings, depending on gender and occupational group. The lower limit of the 95% CI was at the lowest 2.0. In the Hurdle model, ‘WD risk factors’, SA days prior to the HRA and obesity were additive predictors for SA and/or the accumulated SA days in all occupational groups. Conclusion Self-reported health problems and obesity predict a higher total count of SA days in an additive fashion. These findings have implications for both management and the healthcare system in the prevention of WD.
Reply to Keshavamurthy et al.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We thank you for your comment [1] on our paper: Lungs from donation after circulatory death donors: an alternative source to brain-dead donors? Mid-term results were obtained from a single institution [2]. Since the time when the analysis was done, we have performed another 18 donation after circulatory death (DCD) lung transplantations with excellent results, comparable with that published. We continue to believe that DCD lungs are a valuable source of organs and may contribute in shortening the recipients’ waiting time and decrease the waiting list mortality rate. Differing from the experience of Keshavamurthy et al., any manoeuvres that may potentially harm the patient before he/she becomes a donor, i.e. dies, are not allowed in the UK. Interference in any way with the process of dying after a withdrawal of treatment is prohibited. Thus, administration of heparin does not take place in our practice, and non-interference is important in the light of on-going discussions about ethical dilemmas surrounding donation after circulatory death [3]. We congratulate you on an extremely low rate of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) in your material; however, the rate observed in our data is similar to that reported by the others [4]. There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of PGD between heparinized donation after brain death and nonheparinized DCD donors except for a trend towards a higher rate in the DCD group on arrival to intensive care unit. The trend was not observed at any other point of observation and does not seem to influence other parameters of outcome: duration of mechanical ventilation, survival and freedom from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Of course, we cannot be certain that the trend towards a lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio immediately after lung transplantation was related to the lack of donor heparinization prior to cardiac arrest, however, currently there is no clinical evidence that lungs form non-heparinized donors are inferior to those obtained from heparinized ones [5]. Heparinized or not, we agree with Keshavamurthy et al. that lungs from DCD donors should be considered as an excellent source of organs for transplantation. Implementation of this strategy in a great number of centres could decrease the waiting time for transplantation and reduce the mortality rate for patients on the active transplant waiting list.
15 The role of trust in senior leaders’ experiences of using analytics to inform strategic health and care decisions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Senior leaders make strategic decisions about the structure and delivery of health and care services. Analysis of pseudonymised administrative data from residents' health or care records (analytics) aims to support high-quality strategic decisions, but its impacts depend on how analytics are perceived and used by senior decision-makers.

Aim or objectives

To understand how the process of generating knowledge from analytics could be enhanced for those making strategic health and care decisions.

Methods

Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 senior decision-makers from constituent organisations of North Central London's Sustainability and Transformation Partnership. Interviews were analysed using the Framework Method.

Results

Trust emerged as a concept in participants' experiences of using analytics in three key ways: data quality and accuracy; trust in sharing data for analytics; and trust between decision-makers. Firstly, participants expressed concerns around data quality and these shaped decision-making processes as some made decisions based on anecdotal information or gut feeling instead of untrusted data. Others sought 'more accurate' data, whilst some decisions were 'stopped in their tracks' because of a lack of trust in available data. Secondly, participants' ability to obtain data was influenced by others' willingness to share, itself driven by levels of trust in how that data will be subsequently analysed and used. Finally, a lack of trust between key leaders across health and care led to concerns that decisions based on analytics may act against individual organisational priorities and interests. Where personal trust between individuals across organisations existed, there was greater scope for decisions across organisational boundaries to be informed by analytics.

Conclusions

Trust is a key component of how senior leaders approach and use analytics. Developing trust in data quality and between leaders could influence if, when and how leaders obtain and use analytics to inform strategic health and care decisions.
Trends in relativistic laser–matter interaction: the promises of structured light

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Time and space envelope, frequency and wavelength distributions, polarization, and phase are quantities that define the properties of laser light. Controlling them opens up strategies for manipulating the properties of atoms in various media. At relativistic intensity, matter is rapidly transformed into a plasma state, which is modifying the laser’s propagation, its absorption enabling the generation of intense magnetic and electric fields. In this context, structured light presents exciting, promising, and challenging opportunities for research. This review article aims to explain the concepts of structured light, their applications to real experiments at relativistic intensities, practical considerations, and some scientific perspectives.
How to optimise drug study design: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics studies introduced to paediatricians

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objectives In children, there is often lack of sufficient information concerning the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of a study drug to support dose selection and effective evaluation of efficacy in a randomised clinical trial (RCT). Therefore, one should consider the relevance of relatively small PKPD studies, which can provide the appropriate data to optimise the design of an RCT. Methods Based on the experience of experts collaborating in the EU-funded Global Research in Paediatrics consortium, we aimed to inform clinician-scientists working with children on the design of investigator-initiated PKPD studies. Key findings The importance of the identification of an optimal dose for the paediatric population is explained, followed by the differences and similarities of dose-ranging and efficacy studies. The input of clinical pharmacologists with modelling expertise is essential for an efficient dose-finding study. Conclusions The emergence of new laboratory techniques and statistical tools allows for the collection and analysis of sparse and unbalanced data, enabling the implementation of (observational) PKPD studies in the paediatric clinic. Understanding of the principles and methods discussed in this study is essential to improve the quality of paediatric PKPD investigations, and to prevent the conduct of paediatric RCTs that fail because of inadequate dosing.
Dramatic diurnal variation in the concentration of the human trefoil peptide TFF2 in gastric juice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND TFF2, a member of the trefoil factor family of proteins, is a glycosylated protein of 106 amino acids. It is secreted by gastric antral and pyloric glands and by Brunner's glands of the duodenum. TFF2 is found in high concentrations around sites of ulceration. It stimulates cell motility and is probably the principal cytoprotective trefoil peptide in the stomach. AIMS To determine if production of TFF2 follows a circadian rhythm and to measure changes in secretion of TFF2 in response to food intake and during sleep. SUBJECTS Young healthy adults were recruited. They were asymptomatic and were not receiving medication. The 24 hour regimen was designed to allow normal stimulation of gastric secretion in response to food intake and sleep. Gastric juice was collected two hourly via a nasogastric tube. METHODS Glycosylated and non-glycosylated TFF2 proteins were measured by quantitative western transfer analysis. The results were analysed statistically using SPSS software. RESULTS There was a dramatic diurnal variation in the concentration of TFF2. The mean concentration was lowest in the early evening (0.29 μg/ml), increased gradually during the evening, and then sharply during the night to reach 7.9 μg/ml. The ratio of glycosylated to non-glycosylated TFF2 varied and was higher during the night than in the afternoon. pH, total protein, and pepsin concentrations in gastric juice did not vary significantly over 24 hours. CONCLUSION The data suggest that diurnal variations in TFF2 secretion occur independently of pepsin and gastric acid secretion. The concentration of glycosylated TFF2 in the gastric lumen falls in response to food intake. TFF2 secretion increases during inactivity and sleep. These results suggest that secretion of TFF2 in the stomach is highest during the night and that the cytoprotective effects of TFF2 on the gastric mucosa occur mainly during sleep.
Diagnosing transnationality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The chapter investigates the genealogy of a transnational ethics. That is, in Foucauldian terms, how transnational living is constructed as an ethical substance, the modes through which the actors become invited to problematise their transnational conduct and the telos to which they are impelled to aspire. Using multimodal discourse analysis, the chapter uncovers the discursive technologies through which therapeutic practice (as well as the genres and institutions implicated in it) is employed in using the individual’s relationship to oneself to exercise and rationalise a transnational ethics. The analysis demonstrates how discursive practices, dispersed across multiple modalities, participate in the formation of alliances between diverse regimes of transnational living, such as computer-mediated transnational spaces, diaspora communities, national and para-national institutions and professional associations. In doing so, the analysis makes visible how new agents and authorities become recruited for administering transnational conduct. The chapter argues that these assemblages and the transnational ethics made visible through the analysis prime the mechanisms of transnational governmentality and prepare the basis for a restrictive morality through which transnational conduct can be regulated.
The Struggle for Indochina Continues: Geneva to Bandung

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Struggle for Indochina Continues: Geneva to Bandung Get access The Struggle for Indochina Continues: Geneva to Bandung. By Ellen J. Hammer. Stanford, Calif., Stanford University Press; London, Oxford University Press; New York, Henry M. Snyder: W. S. Hall: and Institute of Pacific Relations, 1955. 40 pp. 9″×6″. $1. 8s. J. Donald Lancaster J. Donald Lancaster Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 32, Issue 2, April 1956, Page 261, https://doi.org/10.2307/2625919 Published: 01 April 1956
Immunosenescence and the Geriatric Giants: Molecular Insights into Aging and Healthspan

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Aging is associated with complex immune dysfunction that contributes to the onset and progression of the “geriatric giants”, including frailty, sarcopenia, cognitive decline, falls, and incontinence. Central to these conditions is immunosenescence, marked by thymic involution, the loss of naïve T cells, T-cell exhaustion, impaired B-cell class switch recombination, and increased autoreactivity. Concurrently, innate immunity deteriorates due to macrophage, neutrophil, and NK cell dysfunction, while chronic low-grade inflammation—or “inflammaging”—amplifies systemic decline. Key molecular pathways such as NF-κB, mTOR, and the NLRP3 inflammasome mediate immune aging, interacting with oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenetic modifications. These processes not only impair infection control and vaccine responsiveness but also promote tissue degeneration and multimorbidity. This review explores emerging interventions—ranging from senolytics and immunonutrition to microbiome-targeted therapies and exercise—that may restore immune homeostasis and extend healthspan. Despite advances, challenges remain in translating immunological insights into clinical strategies tailored to older adults. Standardization in microbiome trials and safety optimization in senolytic therapies are critical next steps. Integrating geroscience into clinical care could help to mitigate the burden of aging-related diseases by targeting fundamental drivers of immune dysfunction.