jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Examining Protective Factors for Dysthymia Among Individuals Attending Substance Abuse Treatment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Dysthymia affects millions of people and has been associated with impaired psychosocial and occupational functioning and poor clinical treatment outcomes. Yet few studies have examined protective factors that can be utilized to help individuals with dysthymia in clinical settings, particularly among individuals with comorbid substance use disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential protective quality of adult attachment dimensions, spirituality, and meaning in life among clients with and without dysthymia in treatment for addiction. Data were obtained from 305 self-report questionnaires administered to clients attending a residential substance abuse treatment center. Approximately 25% of the sample met criteria for dysthymia. Results from logistic regression analyses indicated that purpose and meaning in life and attachment anxiety were the most important protective factors against having dysthymia. These results suggest that mental health professionals may need to integrate these protective factors into the treatment of individuals with dysthymia and substance use disorders, which may enhance treatment outcomes and maximize treatment effectiveness. Future studies should continue to explore protective factors that can assist individuals who experience these comorbid conditions and consider replicating this study using an ethnically diverse sample and other clinical settings to determine the generalizability of the findings.
ACTH STIMULATION OF ADRENAL STEROIDOGENESIS IS SENSITIVE TO TRYPSIN INHIBITORS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Various trypsin inhibitors (lima bean, soybean, and p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK)) decrease the sensitivity of rat adrenocortical cells isolated from the inner zones to ACTH-stimulated corticosterone production. Basal steroidogenesis is not affected. The inhibitors produce dose-dependent effects at concentrations greater than 10 μ M. Dibutyryl cAMP stimulation of this system also is antagonized by TLCK, though not by lima bean trypsin inhibitor. When various steroid intermediates are added to the incubations as sources of substrate, the inhibitory effect of TLCK on corticosterone production decreases in parallel with the number of hydroxylation reactions required to generate corticosterone. These results suggest that trypsin inhibitors may block specific ACTH-linked proteolytic events in the adrenal cortex. Alternatively, they may interfere non-specifically with ACTH binding and/or adrenocortical metabolism. In either case, the common practice of including a trypsin inhibitor in adrenal cell incubations should be approached with caution.
Polymorphism of CYP2D6 and the influence to the drug metabolism

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

CYP2D6 is a member of cytochrome P450 gene family-a group of enzymes that is responsible for phase I metabolism and elimination of numerous endogenous substrates and a diverse array of drugs.It is now thought to be involved in the metabolism of up to 25% of the drugs that are in common use in the clinic,despite its low hepatic content(about 2 %).Among the drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450s,CYP2D6 is the only non-inducible enzyme and is highly polymorphic,which results in a large contribution of genetic variation to its inter-individual variation in enzyme activity and is an enzyme of great historical importance for pharmacogenetics.Here we summarize the polymorphism of CYP2D6 gene and their influence to drug metabolism.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of TAB1-Induced Autoactivation of p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is Crucially Dependent on Threonine 185.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase is essential to cellular homeostasis. Two principal mechanisms to activate p38α exist. The first relies on dedicated dual-specificity kinases such as mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAP2K) 3 (MKK3) or 6 (MKK6), which activate p38α by phosphorylating Thr180 and Tyr182 within the activation segment. The second is by autophosphorylation of Thr180 and Tyr182 in cis, mediated by p38α binding the scaffold protein TAB1. The second mechanism occurs during myocardial ischemia, where it aggravates myocardial infarction. Based on the crystal structure of the p38α-TAB1 complex we replaced threonine 185 of p38α with glycine (T185G) to prevent an intramolecular hydrogen bond with Asp150 from being formed. This mutation did not interfere with TAB1 binding to p38α. However, it disrupted the consequent long-range effect of this binding event on the distal activation segment, releasing the constraint on Thr180 that oriented its hydroxyl for phosphotransfer. Based on assays performed in vitro and in vivo, the autoactivation of p38α(T185G) was disabled, while its ability to be activated by upstream MAP2Ks and to phosphorylate downstream substrates remained intact. Furthermore, myocardial cells expressing p38α(T185G) were resistant to injury. These findings reveal a mechanism to selectively disable p38α autoactivation and its consequences, which may ultimately circumvent the toxicity associated with strategies that inhibit p38α kinase activity under all circumstances, such as with ATP-competitive inhibitors.Copyright © 2018 Thapa et al. PMID: 29229647 Funding information This work was supported by: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom British Heart Foundation, United Kingdom Grant ID: FS/14/29/30896 British Heart Foundation, United Kingdom Grant ID: SP/14/2/30922 Department of Health, United Kingdom Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: MC_U117533887 Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: MR/J007501/1 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Unsung Heroes: How Senior Centers Have Adapted to Provide Essential Services in the Face of COVID-19

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This presentation will describe the ways in which senior centers in Massachusetts have adapted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three surveys (distributed in April, August, and November, 2020) were conducted with 342 senior centers in the state to learn about current operations through the pandemic, challenges faced, and steps taken to solve those challenges. Results suggest that almost all senior centers (91%) continued to provide limited programming or essential services during the pandemic. Senior centers are prioritizing socialization and nutritional needs as critical services, but are changing the way they operate to continue to meet those needs. Despite facing uncertainty about the future, senior centers continue to adapt to changing conditions as they seek to meet their core mission. This presentation will discuss effects of COVID-19 on how senior centers will continue to operate through and post-pandemic times as well as local and state policy implications.
The Seasonal Dynamics of the Condensed Tannins in Forages and Shrubs in Alpine Meadow

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, we detected the seasonal dynamics of the extractable condensed tannins (CT) in some dominant forages and shrubs grown in alpine meadow by using Vanillin HCl method. We did not get any CT in Kobresia capillifolia, Trigonella ruthenica, Potentilla anserina, Elymus nutans and Caragana bre-evifolia. Polygonum had the highest CT content (120.0 g/kg DM) in July, and the five-months average value was 77.56 g/kg DM, The CT content in Carex atrofusca was lower than that in Polygonum (p0.01) and the highest content was obtained in July (6.7 g/kg DM). The CT content was different among the five shrubs, with an four-month average of 54.30, 29.18, 42,15, 67.08 and 58.53 g/kg DM for the Dasiphora fruticosa, Spiraea lapina, Caragana jubata, Hippophae tibetica and Salix mystillacea, respectively. The CT contents in Polygonum viviparum and Carex atrofusca increased from May to July, and then decreased in August and September, while the CT in shrubs decreased in the whole seasons. Meanwhile, the utilization of those feeds rich in CT and the evolution of the plants in alpine region were also discussed in this paper.
Adapting the Faith Development Model to Muslim Populations: A New Framework

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Changes in religiosity have profound effects on human behavior. Developing a comprehensive theory, along with instruments to test it, to explain the diversity in religiosity has been a critical goal in the history of the psychology of religion. The theory of faith development, primarily based on the cognitive development model, has made significant contributions to understanding religiosity. However, it has been widely criticized for its normative stance, lack of clarity in the definition of faith, insufficient empirical evidence, neglect of the content of faith, and failure to account for elements of other culture-specific religions. The aim of this study is to introduce a culturally sensitive, modified theoretical model of faith development tailored to Muslim religiosity styles. This model encompasses dimensions of both religious and non-religious content, intersecting with a spectrum of cognitive styles ranging from less sophisticated to highly sophisticated. Based on empirical findings, the autobiographies of leading Muslim historical figures, and the discourses of contemporary religious individuals, a revised version of the faith development model is proposed. The study argues that both secular and religious styles should be integrated into the model and introduces four main dimensions: Objectors (antagonistic and dissenting), Conservers (particularistic and conforming), Seekers (dialectical and enlightened), and Unifiers (apologetic and compassionate), each with two sub-dimensions. While retaining elements of the original Fowlerian faith development model presented by Fowler 1981, the new model incorporates critical and antagonistic approaches to religiosity, advanced forms of religious expression, and more nuanced variations within each religiosity style. An empirical study has been conducted to support this new model, and its findings will be published in a separate paper due to space constraints.
Kombucha analogues around the world: A review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Kombucha is a traditional healthy beverage usually made by the fermentation of sweetened tea with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast. The consumption of kombucha is associated with numerous health benefits and therefore the beverage has attracted the attention of consumers worldwide. Non-typical substrates (fruits, vegetables, plants, herbs, dairy, and by-products) are being inoculated with the kombucha consortium in an attempt to develop new products. This review paper reviews the fermentation parameters for different non-tea substrates used to make kombucha, in addition to the findings obtained in terms of physico-chemical analysis, biological activities and sensory evaluation.
Ultrastructure of Epidermis of Mice with Chronic Proliferative Dermatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

C57BL/Ka mice with chronic proliferative dermatitis (cpdm/cpdm) develop chronic persistent skin lesions characterized by epidermal hyperplasia, infiltration by granulocytes and macrophages, and vascular dilatation. Similar lesions are present in other orthokeratotic epithelia in affected mice, in particular the esophagus and forestomach. Here, we report on further characterization of epidermal hyperplasia and the granulocytes. Keratinocytes of lesional skin, but not of normal skin, show round and electron-dense mitochondrial inclusions that are present in all layers of the epidermis. Similar inclusions are also present in the esophagus and forestomach of affected mice. There appears to be a direct relation between the presence of intramitochondrial inclusions and epidermal hyperplasia in the mouse. Furthermore, the presence of keratinocyte-derived apoptotic bodies in the epidermis, esophagus, and forestomach was frequently observed in the lesions, which is consistent with previous light microscopic observations of single cell death of keratinocytes. The granulocytes present in the skin, esophagus, and forestomach were mainly eosinophils. There were widespread gaps observed in the lamina densa in the epidermis that were mostly directly associated with dermal or epidermal eosinophils. This type of gap is also observed in psoriasiform diseases in humans. This electron microscopic study demonstrated that this mouse model should be useful to screen potential therapeutic strategies for psoriasiform and other inflammatory skin disorders
Polymorphism of ADAMTS13 gene (Pro618Ala) in Thais and its association with coronary artery disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) is a metalloproteinase enzyme cleaving highly active ultralarge von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers into the smaller size and less active vWF. It has been shown in in vitro study that ADAMTS13 gene (Pro618Ala) polymorphism is associated with profound reduced ADAMTS13 activity. Thus, it has been hypothesized that low levels of ADAMTS13 may be a risk factor for arterial thrombosis and may influence coronary artery disease (CAD). This study therefore aims to investigate the frequency and association of ADAMTS13 Pro618Ala polymorphism with CAD in Thais. A total of 340 subjects were recruited in this study, 117 healthy controls and 223 patients who were clinically suspected of having CAD undergoing coronary angiography at Queen Sirikit Heart Center of the Northeast Hospital, Khon Kaen University. Based on angiographic results, 126 patients were classified as CAD and 97 patients were non-CAD. The ADAMTS13 P618A polymorphism was determined in genomic DNA extracted from leukocytes using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The frequencies of Pro and Ala allele in all subjects were 98.68 and 1.32 % respectively. The genotype frequencies of Pro/Pro and Pro/Ala in healthy controls, non-CAD and CAD were 98.29 vs. 1.71 %, 100 vs. 0 % and 94.44 vs. 5.56 %, respectively. Significant differences of genotype distributions of Pro/Ala were found in CAD compared to non-CAD group ( P = 0.028). In conclusion, this study is the first report of the genotype distributions of the ADAMTS13 Pro618Ala polymorphism in Thais and suggested that it seems to be associated with coronary artery disease. However, due to a low frequency of the Ala allele in this population, a larger population should be required in further study.
Resource Utilization Groups

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The ability to understand, control, manage, regulate, and reimburse nursing home care has been hampered by the inavailability of a classification system of long-term care patients. A study of 1,469 patients in Connecticut nursing homes has resulted in such a classification system that clusters patients with similar relative needs for resources, in particular, for nursing time. The nine groups formed can be used to develop a case-mix profile of the relative care needs of these patients, and their development demonstrates that only a few measures of the functional status of patients, rather than diagnosis or psychosocial/behavioral problems, are sufficient to form such a system.
Treatment of chylothorax in Gorham's disease: case report and literature review.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

spontaneous chylothorax is rare in children outside the neonatal period. In the absence of trauma this condition may be associated with osteolytic bone lesions (Gorham’s disease), but it does not occur often enough to be readily recognized. A chylothorax occurs in less than 1 in 5 cases of Gorham’s disease and carries a high mortality. The management of an infant with chylothorax complicating Gorham’s disease is reported.
Practical management of inflammatory bowel disease patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: expert commentary from the Gastroenterological Society of Australia Inflammatory Bowel Disease faculty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, has emerged as a public health emergency and challenged healthcare systems globally. In a minority of patients, SARS‐CoV‐2 manifests with a severe acute respiratory illness and currently there are insufficient data regarding the virulence of COVID‐19 in inflammatory bowel disease patients taking immunosuppressive therapy. This review aims to summarise the current literature and provide guidance on the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Australasian setting.
Chemical Transformations of Parthenin, a Natural Bioactive Sesquiterpenoid [1]

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chemical modifications of parthenin, a naturally occurring bioactive sesquiterpenoid, were carried out in regio- and stereoselective manners using various inexpensive reagents to form different natural and unnatural analogues. Reactions including dehydration, reduction, alkylation, addition and hydroxylation have been studied. In some of the analogues, the α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety, which plays a vital role for bioactivity of parthenin, remained intact.
Reliability of in vivo, in vitro, in silico, and near infrared estimates of pure stand alfalfa hay quality: Component degradability and metabolizability of energy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nine samples of pure stand alfalfa hay, representative of the compositional variability found in Mediterranean and Intermountain West climates, were collected throughout California and western Nevada during the 2008 growing season. Samples were evaluated in vivo (at either maintenance or ad libitum intakes by lambs), in vitro, in silico, and by near infrared spectrophotometry to determine characteristics of DM and fiber degradation as well as energy metabolizability. Also determined, from these and other routine analyses, were common indices of alfalfa quality including relative feed quality, relative feed value, in vivo TDN and ME. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in observed ME (Mcal/kg) were noted for alfalfa hays depending on source; quality indices were compared with observed ME. None of the indices evaluated were valid predictors of observed ME (P < 0.050), with the exception of near infrared predicted ME at either level of intake. Users of quality indices may expect less than optimal prediction of animal performance from use of indices or calculations based on indices failing to accurately predict ME. Results from this study indicate that ME estimated from near infrared spectrophotometry of pure stand alfalfa hay may improve characterization of alfalfa hay quality in that, depending on the feeding standard, ME input explains the vast majority of variation in animal output. However, given the limited numbers of alfalfa hay samples evaluated in this study, more studies are required.
[Perspectives and research challenges in abdominal aortic aneurysm calcification].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains a relevant cause of mortality in Western countries. There is a need for continuous identification of risk factors for aneurysmal progression and predictors of treatment response to optimize the therapeutic strategy to be offered to these patients. Vascular calcification has been studied in several capillary beds as a cardiovascular risk factor. However, the importance of abdominal aortic calcification (AC) in AAA remains incompletely clarified, and the available evidence is scattered and heterogeneous. The objective of this review is to describe the possible impact of AC on aneurysmal progression and rupture, as well as on the response to endovascular correction. It should be noted that the establishment of a validated, quick and easy to use method for assessing AC would be of great clinical and/or research utility.
Challenges and Problems Facing the Application of Temporary Waqf in Selected States of Malaysia: New Issues and their Guiding Rules التحديات والإشكالات التي تواجه تطبيق صيغة الوقف المؤقت في ولايات مختارة في ماليزيا: الصور المستحدثة وضوابطها

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to critically examine challenges of the application of temporary waqf in selected states of Malaysia, to establish principles and to suggest new approaches for its implementation. A qualitative methodology was employed to analyse the data through inductive, deductive and field research methods. As for the field research, this study has conducted semi-structured interviews with the Waqf Corporations and Mufti`s Department in the selected states of Malaysia, namely; Selangor, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan and Johor. The result shows that inappropriate procedures of fatwa issuance, unproductive current waqf assets and legal perspective issues are among the challenges in implementing temporary waqf in Malaysia. Thus, this paper proposes that every State’s Waqf Corporations in Malaysia should reassess the existing legal framework of temporary waqf in order to realize its application as an effective solution for the current waqf properties. Finally, the study proposes to establish holistic principles of temporary waqf implementation in Malaysia. هدفت الورقة إلى بيان التحديات التي تواجه تطبيق صيغة الوقف المؤقت في ولايات مختارة في ماليزيا وتحليلها، ثم اقتراح ضوابط شاملة وبعض الصور المستحدثة. اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج التحليلي، وكذلك الدراسة الميدانية بإجراء مقابلات شخصية بطريقة المقابلة غير المقننة مع ناظري الأوقاف والمفتين في الولايات المختارة وهي: ولاية سلانجور، وولاية ملاقا، وولاية نيجري سيمبيلان، وولاية جوهر. من أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث أن التحديات التي تواجه تطبيق صيغة الوقف المؤقت في الولايات المختارة تتكون من: تحدي المذهب المعتمد، وتحدي القانون المعمول به، وكذلك تحدي ظروف الأموال الموقوفة. تقترح الورقة تشجيع هيئات الأوقاف لكل ولاية في ماليزيا على تطبيق الوقف المؤقت لأنه قد يكون حلاً فعالاً لمشكلة اقتصار الوقف على الوقف العام، وتوصي بتحديد ضوابط شاملة لتفعيل الوقف المؤقت في هذا البلد.
Circumcision: A History of the World's Most Controversial Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

David L Gollaher Basic Books, £17.80, pp 260 ISBN 0 465 04397 6 Rating: ![Graphic][1]![Graphic][2]![Graphic][3]![Graphic][4] Male circumcision is the most commonly performed surgical operation in the United States. Data for 1996 reveal that no less than 60% of all US male infants were circumcised. In contrast, the rest of the industrialised world has much lower rates of circumcision. In Britain circumcision is performed only for religious reasons or to correct defined medical conditions. How, then, are we to account for such … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif