jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Humanitarian Relief Distribution Problem: An Adjustable Robust Optimization Approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Management of humanitarian logistics operations is one of the most critical planning problems to be addressed immediately after a disaster. The response phase covers the first 12 hours after the disaster and is prone to uncertainties because of debris and gridlock traffic influencing the dispatching operations of relief logistics teams in the areas affected. Moreover, the teams have limited time and resources, and they must provide equitable distribution of supplies to affected people. This paper proposes an adjustable robust optimization approach for the associated humanitarian logistics problem. The approach creates routes for relief logistics teams and decides the service times of the visited sites to distribute relief supplies by taking the uncertainty in travel times into account. The associated model allows relief logistics teams to adjust their service decisions according to the revealed information during the process. Hence, our solutions are robust for the worst-case realization of travel times, but still more flexible and less conservative than those of static robust optimization. We propose novel reformulation techniques to model these adjustable decisions. The resulting models are computationally challenging optimization problems to be solved by exact methods, and, hence, we propose heuristic algorithms. The state-of-the-art heuristic, which is based on clustering and a dedicated decision-rule algorithm, yields near-optimal results for medium-sized instances and is scalable even for large-sized instances. We have also shown the effectiveness of our approach in a case study using a data set obtained from an earthquake that hit the Van province of Turkey in 2011. History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue on Emerging Topics in Transportation Science and Logistics. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.1204 .
Perceptions of shared morality as an important socio-psychological mechanism for finding the common ground

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

When we think of human history, it is easy to conclude that violent conflicts are unavoidable. Furthermore, in remembering history, we usually recall violent times and are less likely to remember peaceful societal change. Given the way we remember our history, it is easy to lose sight of the existence of peaceful conflict resolutions or other positive societal changes. The Polish Round Table Talks (RT) that took place in 1989 at times of growing political and economic instabilities serve as an example of peaceful and effective negotiation between two opposing and, one might argue, exclusive ideologies. These talks resulted in an agreement between the Communist government of Poland and the opposition movement Solidarity and paved the road towards the present, democratic and independent Polish state. In this commentary I am going to extrapolate some important socio-psychological mechanisms in the light of contributions made by Janusz Reykowski and Janusz Grzelak - both social psychologists. More specifically, I would like to discuss a specific perception of the other negotiating partner that was activated, formed and maintained during the negotiation, which facilitated the successful outcome. I will argue that the perception of shared morality (perceptions of similarity between the in-group and the out-group on the dimension of morality) was an important socio-psychological mechanism that enabled a stream of other positive psychological processes such as development of trust, as well as cooperative and common-oriented goal tendencies.
Research Data Management Project: a DAF investigation of research data management practices at The University of Northampton

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report describes the University of Northampton Research Data Project, conducted over a period of eight weeks in Summer 2010. Following the tried and tested Data Asset Framework (DAF) methodology, the project sought to investigate the types of data held by researchers throughout the university, researchers' existing data management practices, and the risks associated with these practices. It aimed to provide evidence to inform a possible new data management policy and services to satisfy the requirements of researchers and funders. Finally, it hoped to raise awareness amongst researchers about good data management practice, including the provision of short and long term data storage and access.
Fundamental limits on latency in cloud- and cache-aided HetNets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Hybrid architectures are generally composed of a cyber cloud with additional support of edge caching. By utilizing the benefits associated with cloud computing and caching, powerful enhanced interference management techniques can be readily utilized - that among others - also results in low-latency transmission. In this paper, we study the impact of cloud and edge processing on the latency for a heterogenous network (HetNet) consisting of two users and two transmitters. We define an information-theoretic metric, the delivery time per bit (DTB), that captures the delivery latency. We establish bounds on the DTB as a function of cache size, backhaul capacity and wireless channel parameters. We show the optimality on the DTB for various channel regimes.
Effect of Muscle Length on Denervation Atrophy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Weight losses in the dog's gastroenemius and anterior tibial muscles were measured after periods of denervation under a variety of conditions of fixation or lack of fixation of the limb involved. The smallest loss in the gastroenemius and the greatest loss in the tibialis anterior occurred in the group with limbs left unfixed. As the animal used the denervated limb for some weight-bearing when standing, the gastroenemius was stretched and the tibialis anterior was shortened. In the unfixed limbs and in limbs fixed with gastroenemius muscles lengthened and anterior tibial muscles shortened, weight losses were much less in the gastroenemius muscles than in the tibialis anterior (P < 0.01). Losses in gastroenemius and anterior tibial muscles were not significantly different in limbs fixed in the neutral position and fixed with the gastroenemius muscle shortened and the anterior tibial muscle lengthened. The passively lengthened position provides an important degree of protection against weight loss as compared with the shortened position in the denervated gastroenemius muscle, but comparable protection was not found in the tibialis anterior. Measurements of blood flow through these muscles in the lengthened and shortened positions have not shown significant differences related to these procedures. Reasons for the differences demonstrated remain unknown.
Próżnia socjologiczna a demokracja — przykład postkomunistycznej Polski

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The main purpose of the article is to seek an answer to the fundamental question whether democracy can function properly in a society affected by a sociological vacuum. The author confronts the by-now classic proposition of Stefan Nowak with the achievements of the theory of democracy. He analyses the currently dominating models and perspectives from the point of view of the characteristics of societies, their structure, the individuals’ ownership, and above all the distribution of identity. He devotes a separate discussion to the relation between sociological vacuum and democratization. Theoretical debate shows that sociological vacuum is neither a condition of the democratic system nor an obstacle to its existence. A successful, effectively operating democratic collectivity can exist in a society where group identities are weak or do not exist at all. It must, however, be admitted that in speciﬁc circumstances a lack of a vacuum may be acknowledged as a condition that favours democracy, since strong identities of intermediate level create a social capital that is the building material of civic society and democratic political culture. Nevertheless, the main conclusion of the article is the statement that the defects of the democratic system in P oland have other reasons than a sociological vacuum.
The Analysis of Spatial Propagation of the Key Degradation Processes in the Farmlands of Samarskaya Oblast

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This work deals with the spatial analysis of farmland degradation in Samarskaya Oblast. The degree of degradation was evaluated pro rata with the yield shortfall caused by the environmental condition of the lands and the diminishing of their fertility. We classified the lands by their degradation levels, zoned them across administrative districts, and assessed the fertility fall coefficient. We proved the feasibility of differentiating approaches to the recovery of land fertility and soil protection.
Interscholastic Athletic Programs and Juvenile Delinquency in America's Schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis explores the relationship between youth participation in school sponsored athletic programs and the incidence of juvenile delinquency in America's schools using the NELS '88 dataset. I use multivariate logistic regression analyses, to isolate the effect of participation in sports on delinquency from the effects of other demographic and school context factors. This study finds that participation in sports is in some instances associated with a small increase in the likelihood of engaging in delinquent and serious delinquent behavior, although the association is not consistently statistically significant across all models. On the contrary, participation in other extracurricular activities is consistently and statistically significantly associated with lower levels of delinquency and serious delinquency. The study also finds that being male and having poor relationships with one's parents and teachers are also significant predictors of higher incidences of delinquent activity.
Viability of Lactobacillus casei in chocolate flan and its survival to simulated gastrointestinal conditions
Viabilidade de Lactobacillus casei em flan de chocolate e sua sobrevivência em condições gastrintestinais simuladas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this work was to verify the viability of Lactobacillus casei in chocolate flan as well as its survival under simulated human gastrointestinal conditions. After 1 and 15 days of manufacture, the dessert was evaluated for L. casei population and subsequently submitted to acidic solution for 30, 60, 90 and 120 min and to bile salts solution for 150 min. After each time, L. casei population was evaluated. The results were evaluated by variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. The population of L. casei in the flan was above 109 CFU/g during the shelf life, whose value is above the limit established for a probiotic food by the Brazilian legislation. L. casei was relatively resistant to the simulated gastrointestinal conditions tested in this study, once the population reduced during the in vitro tests but remained above 106 CFU/g. Chocolate flan showed to be an excellent food for addition of probiotic microorganisms, especially L. casei, once it was observed high populations in the product even after in vitro resistance tests simulating the human digestive process. Neste trabalho, verificou-se a viabilidade de Lactobacillus casei em flan de chocolate, além de sua sobrevivência em condições que simulam o trato gastrointestinal humano. Após 1 e 15 dias da produção, a população de L. casei presente na sobremesa foi avaliada, e o flan foi submetido, em seguida, a uma solução ácida, durante 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos, e a uma solução de sais biliares, por um período de 150 minutos. Após cada um desses tempos, a população de L. casei foi observada. Os resultados foram avaliados por meio de análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey. A população de L. casei no flan foi maior que 109 UFC/g durante a vida de prateleira do produto, valor este, maior que o estabelecido para um alimento probiótico pela legislação brasileira. L. casei mostrou-se relativamente resistente às condições simuladas do trato gastrointestinal avaliadas neste trabalho, uma vez que apesar de sua população ter sido reduzida durante os testes in vitro, esta manteve-se acima de 106 UFC/g. O flan de chocolate mostrou-se um excelente alimento para a introdução de microrganismos probióticos, especialmente L. casei, uma vez que observou-se altas populações no produto, mesmo após os testes de resistência in vitro simulando parte do processo digestivo humano.
Financial Statement Fraud Detection: The Hexagon Fraud Model Approach

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to examine the likelihood of financial statement fraud using the fraud hexagon model, including pressure (financial stability), opportunity (ineffective monitoring), rationalization (auditor change), capability (director change), arrogance (frequent CEO pictures), and conspiracy (connection with government projects) on financial statement fraud. The sample of this study is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2021, with a total of 73 companies. The data was processed using SPSS 22 software. The results of this study indicate that financial stability has a positive effect on financial statement fraud. However, ineffective monitoring, change of auditor, change of directors, frequent number of CEO pictures, and connection with government projects do not affect financial statement fraud.
Robust Pose Features for Action Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose the use of a robust pose feature based on part based human detectors (Poselets) for the task of action recognition in relatively unconstrained videos, i.e., collected from the web. This feature, based on the original poselets activation vector, coarsely models pose and its transitions over time. Our main contributions are that we improve the original feature's compactness and discriminability by greedy set cover over subsets of joint configurations, and incorporate it into a unified video-based action recognition framework. Experiments shows that the pose feature alone is extremely informative, yielding performance that matches most state-of-the-art approaches but only using our proposed improvements to its compactness and discriminability. By combining our pose feature with motion and shape, we outperform state-of-the-art approaches on two public datasets.
Cardiac Risk Factors and Echocardiographic Variables As Predictors of Mortality in Bone Marrow Transplant Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pre-Bone marrow transplant (BMT) evaluation of cardiac function by echocardiographically measured left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is one of the fitness criteria. However, the data documenting the usefulness of such criteria are sparse. The aim of our study is to investigate whether pre-transplant cardiac risk factors and echocardiographic parameters could predict survival/mortality in BMT patients. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients undergoing BMT at our institution from January 2009 to December 2012. We compared clinical outcome in patients with regards to cardiac risk factors (history of coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmias, Heart failure (HF), smoking, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus) and multiple parameters from pre-transplant Echo. Echo variables were Left ventricular in Diastole diameter (LVIDd), Left Atrium size (LA), Left Ventricular Mass (LVM), Left ventricular mass index (LVMI), Relative wall thickness (RWT) and left ventricular geometry/remodeling. Survival was defined as months from BMT to death or the most recent follow-up. Patient's whose Echo images were of poor quality or couldn't be located in the system were excluded from the study. Of the 208 eligible patients (86 females, 41%), 121 (58%) patients underwent autologous transplant and 87 (42%) patients had an allogeneic transplant, respectively. The mean age was 56.9 years (range, 19-83 years). The prevalence of CAD, MI, CHF and history of arrhythmia in our cohort was approximately 35 (17%), 16 (7%), 16 (8%) and 17 (9%) respectively. Fourteen (7%) patients had LVEF less than 50% and 194 (93%) patients had LVEF >= 50%. History of cardiac arrhythmias showed borderline significance for association with mortality with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.88(p=0.0534) compared to no history of arrhythmia. Patients with history of CAD and CHF showed a trend toward increased mortality, albeit did not reach statistical significance. Decreased LVEF <50% also showed a trend toward increased mortality compared to patients with normal EF with a HR of 2.025 (p = 0.0835). Other Echocardiography variables such as LVMI, RWT, Left ventricular geometry and LA size did not show any statistical correlation with mortality in BMT patients. Our results further support that BMT patients with significant cardiac risk factors are at increased risk of mortality. In particular, decreased LV ejection fraction <50% and history of arrhythmia are predictors of mortality in BMT patient. All patient's cardiac status should be well optimized prior to transplant.
Mapping Key Soil Properties of Cropland in a Mountainous Region of Southwestern China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK) are important indicators for evaluating soil fertility. Exploring the content and spatial distribution of these indicators is of great significance for optimizing cropland management measures and developing sustainable agriculture. Yunnan Province is one of the most important agricultural regions in southwestern China, characterized by large variations in the topography and an uneven distribution of soil fertility. In this study, the data of 8571 topsoil (0–20 cm) samples selected from Yunnan Province and a portion of related spatial data were used to carry out electronic mapping of the spatial distribution of soil sand content, clay content, silt content, SOC, TN, TP, TK content, and C:N ratio at 1 km resolution using the Random Forest (RF) model. The results indicated that the average measured contents of SOC, TN, TP, TK, and C:N ratio in the topsoil of Yunnan Province were 18.78 ± 0.09 g/kg, 1.78 ± 0.01 g/kg, 0.98 ± 0.01 g/kg, 13.89 ± 0.08 g/kg, and 10.56 ± 0.02, respectively. The spatial analysis showed that higher SOC was mainly distributed in northern and eastern Yunnan, and the spatial distribution pattern of TN and TP was similar to that of SOC. While higher TK was mainly distributed in southwestern Yunnan Province. There was a significant positive correlation between SOC and TN and TP contents with correlation coefficients of 0.889 and 0.463, however, there was a significant negative correlation between SOC and TK content with correlation coefficients of −0.060. It was also indicated that elevation, temperature, precipitation, clay content, sand content, and silt content were the most important factors affecting SOC, TN, TP, and TK content. The present study provided an understanding of soil nutrients characteristics and their affecting factors, which is helpful to optimize agricultural management practices and develop sustainable agriculture according to soil fertility.
Biaya Pendidikan Sebagai Nafkah Anak dalam Islam (Studi Fenomelogi Keluarga Petani di Kabupaten Jember)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT A family head as a household leader has a liability in providing a living for his wife and children, according to their respective needs. This income is not only limited to physical needs, but also spiritual needs, namely the cost of education, in order for the survival of the child in the future and be able to continue the struggle and substitute for his parents if he died. This paper examines one of the families who are able to provide a living for one of their children to level 3 doctoral program, with the main source of income from the agricultural sector. The direction of writing this research method is qualitative through a phenomenological approach, with data extraction using a semi-structured interview method. The results of the study showed that the breadworthiness given by the two parents to their children directed at the cost of education, as supporting their survival in the future, while being able to continue the struggle of both parents and could become a replacement for her parents if they died.
177. A Novel Class of Cationic Amphiphiles for Airway Gene Delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A new class of cationic amphiphiles was synthesized and characterized for their transfection activity in mouse lung by intratracheal delivery. These cationic compounds, consisting of a backbone of the bis(2-hydroxy-3-alkiammonio)propyl methylamine with various alkyl chains (C12 to C18) linked to two amine groups, undergo temperature and concentration dependent transition from liposomes to micelles. They are highly soluble in water and readily form complexes with DNA, depending on the chain length of the alky group in the compounds.
Transformer-based Neural Network for Electrocardiogram Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A transformer neural network is a powerful method that is used for sequence modeling and classification. In this paper, the transformer neural network was combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN) that is used for feature embedding to provide the transformer inputs. The proposed model accepts the raw electrocardiogram (ECG) signals side by side with extracted morphological ECG features to boost the classification performance. The raw ECG signal and the morphological features of the ECG signal experience two independent paths with the same model architecture where the output of each transformer decoder is concatenated to go through the final linear classifier to give the predicted class. The experiments and results on the PTB-XL dataset with 7-fold cross-validation have shown that the proposed model achieves high accuracy and F-score, with an average of 99.86% and 99.85% respectively, which shows and proves the robustness of the model and its feasibility to be applied in industrial applications.
Pelagian or Procrustean? Weighing Hugh Rock’s Reading of George Fox and James Arminius

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article responds to Hugh Rock’s recent attempt to locate Quaker theology in relation to Calvinism. Rock conflates George Fox’s and James Arminius’ doctrines and identifies them with a latter-day Pelagianism in conflict with the Augustinianism of their Calvinist opponents. This article corrects Rock’s claims. The first part of the article clearly distinguishes Fox’s doctrines from Arminius’ and both Fox’s (and other early Quakers’) and Arminius’ doctrines from Pelagianism. The second part of the article locates early Quakers’ and Arminius’ disagreements with Calvinism within the long tradition of debate between moderate and strict Augustinians.