jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Changing pattern of National Family Planning and Fertility Survey in Korea].

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The authors review the evolution since the 1960s of South Korea's family planning and fertility survey programs. "In the 1960s, research was interested in respondents' contraception knowledge and practice rate and in the relationships between contraceptive knowledge and the practice rate....[The] major research emphasis in the 1970s and 1980s was measuring fertility and finding obstacles or problems to family planning projects." Recommendations for future research are made. (SUMMARY IN ENG)
Stem Cell Therapy in Systemic Diseases - A Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stem cells are effective for various diseases, such as spinal cord injuries, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cerebral ischemia, myocardial infarction, muscular dystrophy, diabetes, liver diseases, eye diseases, immune diseases, and oral diseases. DPSCs have the potential for use in a cell-therapeutic paradigm shift to treat these diseases. It has also been reported that DPSCs have higher regenerative potential than the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells known as representative MSCs. Therefore, DPSCs have recently gathered much attention. In this review, the therapeutic potential of stem cells, the latest progress in the pre-clinical study for treatment of these various systemic diseases, and the clinical applications of stem cells in regenerative medicine, are all summarized.
Optimal Regimen of N-Acetylcysteine on Chromium-Induced Renal Cell Damage

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chromium (Cr) is a well-known heavy metal that can cause renal damage. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to chromium-induced toxicity induces cell dysfunction, apoptosis, and death. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant used as an antidote for chromium-induced toxicity. However, the optimal regimen and protective mechanisms of NAC are not fully understood in human renal cells. Our results showed that exposure to 10 μM K2Cr2O7, a toxic Cr(VI) compound, induced apoptosis and production of intracellular ROS in the human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2. Supplements of 600 or 1000 µg/mL NAC inhibited intracellular ROS in HK-2 cells exposed to Cr(VI) and significantly increased cell viability within 2 h of Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, Cr(VI) induced the expression of apoptosis markers, including cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, cleaved-caspase 8, and cleaved-caspase 9, and altered the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-xL. Expression of apoptosis markers within 2 h of Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity in cells treated with 600 µg/mL NAC was significantly suppressed. However, delayed treatment with NAC at 4 h and 8 h after exposure to Cr did not suppress the activation of apoptotic pathways. In summary, our study reports the optimum timing and dose of NAC for the protection of human renal proximal tubular cells from Cr(VI)-induced cell death. The NAC treatment strategy described could be applied in clinical practice to suppress renal cell apoptosis, which in turn could rescue renal function.
Gowers Norm, Function Limits, and Parameter Estimation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Previous chapter Next chapter Full AccessProceedings Proceedings of the 2016 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA)Gowers Norm, Function Limits, and Parameter EstimationYuichi YoshidaYuichi Yoshidapp.1391 - 1406Chapter DOI:https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611974331.ch96PDFBibTexSections ToolsAdd to favoritesExport CitationTrack CitationsEmail SectionsAboutAbstract Let be a sequence of functions, where p is a fixed prime and Fp is the finite field of order p. The limit of the sequence can be syntactically defined using the notion of ultralimit. Inspired by the Gowers norm, we introduce a metric over limits of function sequences, and study properties of it. One application of this metric is that it provides a simpler characterization of affine-invariant parameters of functions that are constant-query estimable than the previous one obtained by Yoshida (STOC'14). Using this characterization, we show that the property of being a function of a constant number of low-degree polynomials and a constant number of factored polynomials (of arbitrary degrees) is constant-query testable if it is closed under blowing-up. Examples of this property include the property of having a constant spectral norm and degree-structural properties with rank conditions. Previous chapter Next chapter RelatedDetails Published:2016eISBN:978-1-61197-433-1 https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611974331Book Series Name:ProceedingsBook Code:PRDA16Book Pages:viii + 2106
Minimization Fractional Prophet Inequalities for Sequential Procurement

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We consider a minimization variant on the classical prophet inequality with monomial cost functions. A firm would like to procure some fixed amount of a divisible commodity from sellers that arrive sequentially. Whenever a seller arrives, the seller’s cost function is revealed, and the firm chooses how much of the commodity to buy. We first show that if one restricts the set of distributions for the coefficients to a family of natural distributions that include, for example, the uniform and truncated normal distributions, then there is a thresholding policy that is asymptotically optimal in the number of sellers. We then compare two scenarios based on whether the firm has in-house production capabilities or not. We precisely compute the optimal algorithm’s competitive ratio when in-house production capabilities exist and for a special case when they do not. We show that the main advantage of the ability to produce the commodity in house is that it shields the firm from price spikes in worst-case scenarios. Funding: This work was supported by NSF Grants [CNS-2146814, CPS-2136197, CNS-2106403, NGSDI-2105648].
Thermal and damage data from multiple microsecond pulse trains at 532nm in an in vitro retinal model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An artificially pigmented retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell model was used to study the damage rates for exposure to 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 230-μs laser pulses at 532 nm, at two different concentrations of melanosome particles (MPs) per cell. Multiple pulses were delivered at pulse repetition rates of 50 and 99 pulses per second. Standard fluorescence viability indicator dyes and the method of microthermography were used to assess damage and thermal responses, respectively. Although frame rate during microthermography was more than five times slower than the duration of laser pulses, thermal information was useful in refining the BTEC computational model for simulating high-resolution thermal responses by the pigmented cells. When we temporally sampled the thermal model output at a rate similar to our microthermography, the resulting thermal profiles for multiple pulses resembled the thermal experimental profiles. Complementary to the thermal simulations, our computer-generated thresholds were in good agreement with the in vitro data. Findings are examined within the context of common exposure limit definitions in the national and international laser safety standards.
Temperament: Concepts, Issues and Problems

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There are marked individual differences in children's temperamental styles-- differences thought to be constitutionally determined in part. The importance of temperamental features is evident in their links with various forms of psychopathology and in their effects on the manner in which other people respond to the child. For these and other reasons it has rightly come to be accepted that greater attention needs to be paid to temperamental issues in consideration of the processes of development, children's responses to stress situations, and the genesis of emotional, behavioural and learning disorders. However, major conceptual, methodological and theoretical problems remain. Problems of measurement are considered in terms of the relativity of measures, whether or not to take social context into account, the functional equivalence of measures at different ages, the circumstances to use in assessing temperament, the choice of measuring instrument and the categorization of temperamental features. The issues involved in the meaning of temperamental differences are discussed with respect to consistency, developmental change, genetic influences, brain damage and mental retardation, sex differences and the mechanisms by which temperamental variables exert their effects.
Citations, reference list, and author index with apacite

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The apacite package is a package that can be used with L ATEX and BibT E X to generate citations and a reference list, formatted according to the rules of the American Psychological Association. Furthermore, apacite contains an option to (almost) automatically generate an author index as well. A recent addition is the support of different languages. The package can be customized in many ways. This paper describes the apacite package, paying special attention to its idiosyncracies and how the problems associated with these have been solved. 1
A New Vector of Xylella fastidiosa: The Role of Mesoptyelus impictifrons as a Vector in Israel

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In recent years, the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa has been spreading in almond orchards (causing almond leaf scorch) and in grapevines (causing Pierce's disease) in northern Israel. Sucking insects specialized for xylem sap-feeding transmit this plant pathogen, but the identity of the vector(s) in Israel has not been determined. Hence, we sought to determine the main potential vector(s) of X. fastidiosa in Israel. In our surveys in northern Israel, we collected and identified four species of spittlebugs: Neophilaenus campestris, Philaenus arslani, Cercopis intermedia, and Mesoptyelus impictifrons. The first two species were found in very low numbers. C. intermedia was found only in spring and did not transmit X. fastidiosa in controlled experiments. M. impictifrons was the most abundant and widely distributed species in our survey and was found in and around infected vineyards in northern Israel. In controlled experiments, we found that 35 to 39% of M. impictifrons adults acquire X. fastidiosa from infected vines and almonds and subsequently transmit it to vines and almonds. Taken together, this study suggests that M. impictifrons is an important new vector of X. fastidiosa in almond orchards and vineyards in northern Israel. Further studies are needed on M. impictifrons’ biology, ecology, and role as a vector of X. fastidiosa.
More a Swell than a Ripple: The Persistent Impact of the 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami on Voter Turnout

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We analyze the impact of natural disasters on political participation by studying theeffect of exposure to the 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami on the subsequent turnout of 16,000Swedes. Previous work is relatively scarce and has not addressed the possibility thatdisaster exposure is a compound treatment: natural disasters can reduce voter turnout dueto destruction and economic disruption, but they may also motivate political participation.Using unique population-wide registry data that identify the exposed, we are able toisolate the individual-level motivational effect of natural disaster exposure. We uncover apersistent increase in voting among those impacted—potentially due to dissatisfaction withthe government’s response or post-traumatic growth, with evidence supporting both. Ourresearch advances understanding by providing credible estimates of the tsunami’s enduringeffects on voter turnout. By focusing on Swedes abroad during the event, we exclude localdisaster impacts and highlight the individual’s motivation to participate politically.
Heterostructures Based on g-C3N4/CuI as a Photoactivated Support for Pt Nanoparticles toward Efficient Photoelectrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The elaborate design and construction of a noble metal/semiconductor heterostructure have ignited tremendous interest in the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) field thanks to the efficacious charge separation and high-reactive activity. Herein, ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets are decorated with CuI and Pt nanoparticles to construct a ternary composite photoelectrocatalyst for a direct methanol fuel cell via a facile approach. It is noted that the introduction of CuI, a typical hole transport channel, significantly improves the catalytic performance and long lifetime stability. More importantly, compared to dark conditions, the assistance of visible light remarkably promoted the current density, anti-poisoning ability, stability, and active area of Pt/g-C3N4/CuI. Efficacious electron transfer and high charge separation efficiency acquired through the formation of heterostructures and the photoelectric synergistic catalytic process are responsible for the significant improvement of photocatalytic performance. The present work provides a hopeful pathway to design a heterostructure catalyst with superior catalytic properties for applications in PEC fields.
Successful arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries with the single entrance of the coronary arteries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Операция артериального переключения является операцией выбора при лечении транспозиции магистральных артерий (ТМА). При ТМА немаловажна анатомия коронарных артерий. Различные анатомические аномалии коронарных артерий могут осложнять выполнение операции артериального переключения. Наиболее значимые интраоперационные факторы риска связаны с интрамуральным ходом коронарных артерий. Однако в ряде случаев встречается единое коронарное устье, которое является крайним вариантом интрамуральной коронарной артерии. Описанный в данной статье клинический случай демонстрирует успешное артериальное переключение при ТМА с отхождением коронарных артерий единым устьем в раннем неонатальном периоде с использованием методики разделения единого общего устья.
A Clinical Evaluation of Onlay and Inlay in the Posterior Ceramic Restorations: An Original Study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The extensively damaged teeth can be treated with the inlay and onlay. The ceramic inlays and onlays can be prescribed for the esthetic needs of the patient. Hence in our study, we aim to evaluate clinically the outcomes of the ceramic inlays and onlays for the posterior teeth. Materials and Methods: We piloted a retrospective analytical study from the departmental records. We included 70 patients who had a total of 160 ceramic inlays and onlays prepared between the years 2010–2020. The survival and the failure rates were noted and compared using the “Kruskal–Wallis H statistics and the Chi-square tests” deliberating P < 0.05 as significant. Results: The mean survival was 6.1 ± 1.8 years. The success rate was 92.21% and the failure was 7.6%. Significant variation was seen with the survival rate between the vital and nonvital teeth and between the molars and premolars. Conclusions: The ceramic inlays and onlays were performed successfully in the posterior teeth with a high survival rate and very low failure.
Redox Technologies in Wastewater Treatment for Removal of Pharmaceutical (Cephalexin) Contaminants

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter presents the study of kinetics and mechanisms of transformation of EC antibiotics by advanced oxidation processes. The aim of this chapter was to investigate the degradation of cephalexin in wastewater by redox technologies. The removal kinetics of the antibiotic CEX could be described by a pseudo first-order reaction with a reaction rate of (1.42 · 10-6 M-1s-1), a rate constant of 0.020 s-1, and a half-life of 35 s. At heterogeneous oxidation, the degradation/mineralization kinetics decreases, so the reaction rate is (0.93 · 10-6 M-1s-1), the rate constant is 0.008 s-1, and the half-life time is 87 s. Thus, the CEX concentration has reduced by 80% and the COD values by 88% for 30 min. The data obtained reveal that the homogeneous oxidation Fe2+/H2O2/UV-C is a promising treatment for the degradation of cephalexin with an initial concentration range of (50-100) mg/L comparative with heterogeneous oxidation TiO2/H2O2/UV-A.
Global Regulatory Framework and Guidelines for Biomedical Waste Disposal and Management

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Biomedical Waste is coming from medical institutions and its proper disposal and management is important for public health, environmental protection and occupational safety. International bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and National Regulators have widely provided comprehensive frameworks and guidelines for the standardization of biomedical waste management. The WHO's “Safe Management of Wastes from Healthcare Activities” holds important protocols for segregating, treating and disposing of hazardous medical waste. The Basel Convention sets controls on the trans-boundary movement of hazardous waste to facilitate environmentally sound disposal and disposal methods worldwide. Regulation is further ensured through public awareness, the training of healthcare workers, and stringent monitoring by environmental agencies. In the age of Industry 6.0, international cooperation and strict regulations will ensure that the disposal of biomedical waste complies with environmental and public health requirements.
The expression of heme oxygenase-1 in rats liver induced by hemin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the expression level of heme oxygenase-1 in rats liver induced by hemin. Methods 18 SD rats were divided randomly into observation group and control group each consisted of 10 rats. :The rats in observation group treated with hemin were injected hemin intraperitoneally (15mg/kg) every morning. The 8 rats of control group treated with saline were injected saline intraperitoneally. On the 10th day of treatment all rats were killed and the levels of plasma ALT, AST were determined. Immunohistochemical staining were employed to evaluate the expression of heme oxygenase-1. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR ) were used to examine the expression of HO-1mRNA in the liver. Results The levels of plasma ALT and AST were no significant difference between the group treated by hemin and the control group treated by Saline. The expression level of heme oxygenase-1 in liver of the treatment group was more significant than that the control group. Conclusion Hemin can induce high expression of heme oxygenase-1 in rats liver.
Relative Dependence of Different Outputs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pheromone Response Pathway on the MAP Kinase Fus3p

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Fus3p and Kss1p act at the end of a conserved signaling cascade that mediates numerous cellular responses for mating. To determine the role of Fus3p in different outputs, we isolated and characterized a series of partial-function fus3 point mutants for their ability to phosphorylate a substrate (Ste7p), activate Ste12p, undergo G1 arrest, form shmoos, select partners, mate, and recover. All the mutations lie in residues that are conserved among MAP kinases and are predicted to affect either enzyme activity or binding to Ste7p or substrates. The data argue that Fus3p regulates the various outputs assayed through the phosphorylation of multiple substrates. Different levels of Fus3p function are required for individual outputs, with the most function required for shmoo formation, the terminal output. The ability of Fus3p to promote shmoo formation strongly correlates with its ability to promote G1 arrest, suggesting that the two events are coupled. Fus3p promotes recovery through a mechanism that is distinct from its ability to promote G1 arrest and may involve a mechanism that does not require kinase activity. Moreover, catalytically inactive Fus3p inhibits the ability of active Fus3p to activate Ste12p and hastens recovery without blocking G1 arrest or shmoo formation. These results raise the possibility that in the absence of sustained activation of Fus3p, catalytically inactive Fus3p blocks further differentiation by restoring mitotic growth. Finally, suppression analysis argues that Kss1p contributes to the overall pheromone response in a wild-type strain, but that Fus3p is the critical kinase for all of the outputs tested.
Analysing average travel‐to‐work distances in Northern Ireland using the 1991 census of population: The effects of locality, social composition, and religion

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Shuttleworth I. G. and Lloyd C. D. (2005) Analysing average travel-to-work distances in Northern Ireland using the 1991 Census of Population: the effects of locality, social composition, and religion, Regional Studies 39 , 909-921. Travel-to-work patterns have important implications for national and international debates about employability and the causes of unemployment. Therefore, using Northern Ireland as an example, this paper explores the factors that shape commuting flows using data from the Census of Population. An analytical framework is developed that explores the use of local regression for this type of socio-economic application. The relative importance of locational and social compositional factors as influences on daily travel-to-work patterns is considered. The paper concludes by suggesting that general regression models may hide local variations in relationships and that locational factors, such as proximity to employment opportunities, can outweigh social characteristics as determinants of commuting.
Phylogenetic analysis of canine parvovirus 2 subtypes from diarrheic dogs in Iran.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In conclusion, this study revealed the emergence of all CPV-2 variants in dogs in Iran. Thus, the continual monitoring of CPV-2 in domestic dogs should be further conducted on a large scale to determine the predominant variants and their distributions in the country and to follow the dynamics of CPV-2 in the Middle East region of Asia.
Normalizing Surveillance: A Study of Cinematic Representation of Camera Surveillance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis examines how Hollywood films facilitate the normalization of surveillance within society. In particular, this thesis delves into the realm of Hollywood cinema to lend understanding into messages that scenes with camera surveillance images may impress upon its audience. This thesis adds to the surveillance studies literature and contributes to criminology by examining scenes with camera surveillance images from 30 Hollywood films using both a content analysis and a critical discourse analysis. The results indicate that Hollywood facilitates the normalization of surveillance through various ways. While some aspects of cinema appear to be critical of camera surveillance ultimately cinema actually displays the necessity of camera surveillance to society.