jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF COLOR ON STICKY-TRAP CATCHES OF PHOLETESOR ORNIGIS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effect of trap color on sticky-trap catches of Pholetesor ornigis Weed was studied in experimental and commercial apple orchards during each of the parasite's 3 yearly activity periods during 1982–1984. Seven enamel and 5 fluorescent paints were compared in 8 trials. There was considerable between-trial variation in the percentage of the total number of P. ornigis caught on a trap of one color. Trap color had a significant effect on the total number of parasites caught. There were no consistent differences in the relative attractiveness of the different colors to males and females. During 1984, males comprised more than 75% of all parasites trapped during each of the 3 activity periods. The sex ratio of the adult population emerging in study orchards during 2 of these activity periods was approximately 1:1.
Pyrazole-Mediated On-Surface Synthesis of Nickel/Nickel Oxide Hybrids for Efficient Urea-Assisted Hydrogen Production

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Creating densely functionalized supported materials without aggregation has been one of the ultimate goals for heterogeneous catalysts. Direct conversion of readily available bulk materials into highly dispersed supported materials could be highly beneficial for real applications. In this work, we invented an on-surface synthetic strategy for generating highly loaded and well-dispersed nickel nanoparticles on nickel oxide supports (Ni/NiO). This on-surface synthesis is a two-step process involving the surface transformation of Ni(OH)2 into a layer of chain-like nickel pyrazolate [Ni(pz)2] and an ultra-high-vacuum annealing process that evacuates the pyrazole and decomposes the Ni(OH)2 into the Ni/NiO hybrid. The highly dispersed Ni/NiO catalyst exhibited superior activities and long-term stability for both the urea oxidation reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction, which enables efficient urea electrolysis with a single catalyst. This approach presents a novel on-surface synthetic strategy for metal oxide-supported materials and offers efficient catalysts for advanced urea-assisted hydrogen production.
Efficient and highly selective cyclization induced by Lewis acid to generate 2-hydroxyl-α-cyclogeraniol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A cyclization reaction of the hydroxyl-protected geraniol epoxide induced by the different Lewis acids to generate 2-hydroxyl--cyclogeraniol has been explored. Compared with the previous methods, this method enhances the production and selectivity of this reaction without the consumption of a large amount of solvent. Also, the coordination of the metal with two oxygen atoms of hydroxyl groups might be crucial for the reaction is first addressed.
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations: Clinical Review and Evaluation of Brain Scans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

T HE first arteriovenous malformation of the brain was described by Luschka in 1854, over 100 years after William Hunter first reported an arteriovenous shunt in the arm. Virchow showed in 1863 that arteriovenous malformations are of congenital origin and are not true tumors. Because these malformations often produce symptoms suggesting an intracerebral mass lesion, neurosurgeons were in a position to give the early descriptions of their clinical manifestations and natural history. In 1928, the contributions of Cushing and Bailey, 1 and Dandy 2 are the classical reviews before the advent of angiography. The development of cerebral angiography by Moniz in 1929, and its perfection by Lindgren and others, has established that arteriovenous malformations are not nearly so rare as they were once believed to be. Angiography at the present time is the definitive diagnostic procedure and on many occasions establishes the correct diagnosis when there seems little reason to consider an angioma. Since 1945, numerous general clinical reviews on arteriovenous malformations of the brain have been published, notably by Olivecrona and Riives G in 1948, MacKenzie 3 in 1953, Paterson and McKissock 7 in 1956, P oop in 1962, and Svien and McRae 1~ in 1965. The pathology and a detailed and comprehensive pathological classification were described by Noran 5 in 1945, and more recently by McCormick 4 in 1966. The report by Perret and Nishioka s on the Cooperative Study of Arteriovenous Malformations in 1966 is an excellent composite review. In spite of these thorough studies, there are gaps in the knowledge concerning the
Long-term complications and side effects after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an update

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective therapy for various malignant and non-malignant diseases. Many patients have now been followed for two or three decades posttransplant and are presumed to be cured. With the tremendous advances achieved in terms of supportive care, it is reasonable to expect outcomes to improve steadily and consequently increasing numbers of transplant survivors will be facing life after the initial transplant experience. Although long-term allo-HSCT survivors generally enjoy good health, for many others, cure or control of the underlying disease is not accompanied by full restoration of health. The burden of long-term morbidity borne by allo-HSCT survivors is substantial, and long-term follow-up of patients who received allo-HSCT is now widely recommended. Immediate survival is no longer the sole concern after allo-HSCT. The goals should also include complete recovery of the overall health status with normal physical and psychological functioning. Long-term side effects after allo-HSCT include non-malignant organ or tissue dysfunction, changes in quality of life, infections related to abnormal immune reconstitution and secondary cancers. Many of these can be attributed to the deleterious effects of chronic graft-versus-host disease. The aims of this review are to provide an update on the recent research evidence in the field.
Globalization and the responses of the Singapore government.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The consistent delivery of stellar economic performances and the predisposition of the populace towards communitarianism have legitimatised the rule of PAP-led Singapore government for decades. However, the vagaries and impacts of globalization have forced the Singapore government to reexamine its approach towards the formulation of the public policies. The dominance of the Singapore government in the economy, which used to go unchallenged, would need to accommodate diversity for rejuvenation in the face of dynamic global competitors. Long-tied to the aprons of the paternalistic Singapore government, the citizens are waking up vaguely to the fact that ideas and penchant for risks are prized assets in the globalizing economy.
Karakteristik Auditor Internal dan Eksternal terhadap Manajemen Laba pada Perusahaan Perbankan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Earnings management can be minimized by implementing good governance. The principles of good governance can be realized through: completeness and implementation of the committee's duties that carry out the internal control function, as well as the implementation of the audit function, and the implementation of the audit. This study shows the effect of the ratio of internal auditor certification, realization of internal auditors / audits, number of internal auditors, size of KAP, tenure of KAP, and KAP specialists on earnings management.. This study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data derived from the IDX website data. The sampling technique was carried out using a purposive sampling method. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that the variables of the number of internal auditors, size of KAP, and tenure of KAP have a significant effect on earnings management of banking companies. Variables of certification, realization of internal auditors, and KAP specialists have no significant effect on earnings management of banking companies. Keywords: Earning Management; Internal Auditor; External Auditor.
Propranolol-induced depression.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Propranolol-induced Depression SIR,-Therapeutic indications for the beta- receptor adrenergic blocking agent propranolol, of which we have experience, include angina, cardiac arrythmias, and hypertension' ; and there are reports of its value in phaeochromocytoma not amenable to surgery,' hypertrophic obstructive cardio- myopathy,3 even Parkinsonian tremor,4 anxiety,' the sympathetic side-effects of thyrotoxicosis, and cyanotic attacks in Fallot's tetralogy.'It is likely, therefore, that
Skull and horn features of Chamois from Bulgaria: morphometric evidence for its taxonomic detachment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Craniometrical characteristics of male and female chamois of the Bulgarian population were carried out on the basis of 14 morphometric variables.Sexual dimorphism was found in five of the studied variables.The established craniometrical characteristics of Bulgarian male and female chamois were compared with classical data concerning different subspecies within the European range of the two species: R. rupicapra, consisting of cartusiana, balcanica, caucasica, and R. pyrenaica, consisting of ornata and pyrenaica.The assessment of craniometrical similarity and distinction between Bulgarian chamois and studied subspecies, separately for each sex, demonstrated craniometrical separation of the two species and, in particular, that Bulgarian chamois belong to the subspecies R. r. balcanica Bolkay.Metric characters of the horns in males and females Bulgarian chamois aged between 2 and 12 years were measured, their growth rate was determined and a mathematical model for their growth in both sexes was found.Both empirically established and computed horn growth dynamics of Bulgarian chamois showed that the greatest annual increment was observed during the first year; after that it decreased rapidly with advancing age, until an almost constant growth per year was reached.The drawn equations for absolute annual growth and variation of absolute and relative annual growth of the horns in both sexes of Bulgarian chamois could become a basis for comparative studies of development of the horn of subspecies R. r. balcanica with the other subspecies of R. rupicapra within its European area.
2. Does the Letter Matter?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Chapter Two (‘Does the Letter Matter?’), taking the definition ‘boundary, landmark[…]pillar (whether inscribed or not)’ as its starting point, returns to the earliest examples of the horos in the archaeological record. Here I confront the Derridean problem of writing as origin. Even if the stone was not marked with the word for boundary (horos), it does not cease to be a boundary because it was nonetheless read as a boundary. Therefore, I turn to the lexicons to discover how the Greeks themselves defined the horos. The result is twofold, like the boundary; a definition of the word must accept the horos as the boundary of writing and reading. It is always inferred in any act of reading because there must be something, whether the inscribed word or the natural rock, for us to read. Horos proliferates from the rock into our definitions of what words mean, and it always remains as the solid foundation of these works of ‘definition.’ It is the difference and bond that is co-terminal with language as such but does not for all that lose its base materiality as stone.
Spatial patterns of tree community dynamics are detectable in a small (4 ha) and disturbed fragment of the Brazilian Atlantic forest

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The dynamics of the tree community of a fragment of tropical semideciduous forest was investigated in south-eastern Brazil. Surveys were carried out in 2000 and 2005 in 29 20 × 20 m plots. The main purpose was to assess the possibility of detecting spatial patterns of dynamics that could be related to the heterogeneity of both the environment and disturbance history in a small forest area (4.0 ha). Rates of mortality and recruitment of trees and gain and loss of basal area were obtained for the whole sample, four pre-defined soil habitats, diameter classes and twelve tree populations. The tree community was rather unstable in the period, once mortality rates surpassed recruitment rates and loss rates of basal area surpassed gain rates all-over the area denoting the prevalence of a degradation process, possibly triggered by a clear felling in 1985 that reduced the area of the fragment in 26%. The tree community dynamics showed no spatial autocorrelation but was not evenly distributed throughout the fragment. This spatial heterogeneity was chiefly determined by the disturbance history of each site while environmental heterogeneity played a secondary but significant role. The main causes of disturbance heterogeneity were the extension of the adjacent felled area, cattle trampling and selective logging. The environmental variables that most strongly correlated with the variations of the dynamics rates were those related to the availability of light, water and mineral nutrients. In contrast with the overall trends, three understory species expanded in the period, possibly at the expense of the steeply declining density of mid-sized trees.
Exploration on the Reclaim Mechanism of Reverse Logistics of Waste Electronic and Electrical Appliances in China

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

With the popular environmental protection movements,reverse logistics is getting more and more attention in China mainland in recent years.This paper tries to discuss the reclaim mechanism of reverse logistics of China's electronic and electrical appliances industry.The paper introduces the definition of reverse logistics at the very first,then it explores the importance and necessity of reverse logistics operation of waste appliances industry in China.Finally,the paper discusses the current situations and suggests the most suitable and operable reclaim and callback mechanism for reverse logistics of waste appliances.
A new approach to modelling initial dilution of a buoyancy-dominated jet in moving water

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Initial dilution is one of the most important measures in the design of ocean outfalls. Considerable efforts have been devoted in the past to modelling initial dilution of a buoyancy-dominated jet in moving water. This paper reviews available initial dilution models and presents a new modelling approach based on a length scale analysis combined with an additive entrainment hypothesis, and nonlinear regression modelling. The proposed approach is more systematic and more justifiable than existing methods for two reasons: (1) it uses an objective measure to evaluate the model and (2) it includes the effect of ambient current in the buoyancy-dominated near field (BDNF). Using available experimental data, a new, continuous, initial dilution model is proposed and compared with presently available models. The proposed model is presented in both deterministic and probabilistic form.Key words: asymptotic solutions, buoyant jets, forced entrainment, initial dilution, ocean outfalls.
When anthropogenic‐related disturbances overwhelm demographic persistence mechanisms

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary Population decline is associated with increased vulnerability to extinction, but also with possible density‐, frequency‐ or distance‐related ‘rarity advantages’ that increase recruitment success as individuals become isolated from their congeners. Distinguishing between these alternatives (risk vs. recovery of rare populations via demographic processes) has become critical, given how anthropogenic disturbances are causing population declines globally. Here, we demonstrate how distance‐related rarity advantages are evident in spatially isolated recruits of a canopy‐dominant but regionally rare species of oak that appears to be suffering recruitment collapse. As distance from parent trees increased, seedlings had significantly more leaves and experienced reduced insect browsing and intraspecific competition. Long‐term field‐based experimental treatments revealed these advantages to be associated with rapid rates of juvenile maturation and survival that are unobserved in natural settings. The discrepancy between the experimental and natural settings was explained by trophic collapse and habitat loss – two changes ubiquitous to many terrestrial ecosystems – that combine to concentrate vertebrate herbivores in habitat remnants and cause 100% juvenile mortality via the browsing of taller juveniles. Exotic grass cover, long associated with oak recruitment failure, significantly suppressed seedling height and leaf production, but appeared to delay mortality by hiding shorter seedlings from vertebrate herbivores. Synthesis . Our work demonstrates how rarity advantages have the potential to positively influence the population performance of a declining species, but are short‐circuited by intense herbivory associated with human‐based environmental change. Regionally, there appear to be few existing conditions on the contemporary landscape that favour juvenile survival, suggesting ongoing recruitment difficulties without intervention. Our work clarifies how extinction risk can in some cases be best defined by how anthropogenic disturbances affect, and are offset by, demographic‐based persistence mechanisms, than simply by present‐day abundance or distribution.
Segmentation Theory and the New Zealand Labour Market

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Segmented Labour Market (SLM) analysis by no means enjoys a unified or clearly structured theoretical base. Analysts emphasise a variety of factors in their explanations of the existence of inequalities in the labour market. This paper uses an industry approach to evaluate inequalities. A case study of two industries is used -the plastics industry and the hotel/ restaurant industry- on the assumption that each will exhibit characteristics defining them as primary and secondary sectors respectively. The paper focuses on indicative findings of both inter-industry and intra-industry labour market segmentation. The approach taken is part of a broader doctoral thesis, which seeks to establish a viable SLM paradigm within the context of post-ECA New Zealand labour market conditions.
The Effect of Substitution Glutinous Rice Flour With Bogortaro Tubers Flour (Colocasia esculenta L Schoott) on Quality of Milk Sweet Pastry Viewed From Physical Qualities and Chemical Qualities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of substitution glutinous rice flour with Bogor tuber taroflour towards the best substitution improving the quality of end products which included physical quality (texture) and chemical qualities (fat, total sugar and reducing sugar) of milk sweetpastry. The materials used were fresh milk as the main ingredient, sugar, glutinous rice flour and Bogor tuber taroflour. The research method used was laboratory experiment with completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications. Substitution treatment in the form of glutinous rice flour with Bogor tuber taroflour given on milk sweet pastry products covering P0 (100% glutinous rice flour and without Bogor tuber taroflour); P1 (75% glutinous rice flour and 25% Bogor tuber taro flour); P2 (50% glutinous rice flour and 50% Bogor tuber taro flour); P3 (25% glutinous rice flour and 75% Bogor taro tuber flour); P4 (without glutinous rice flour and 100% Bogor taro tuber flour). The results showed that there was highly significant difference effect (p<0.01) the substitution of glutinous rice flour with Bogor tuber taroflour to sugar reduction dodol taro milk with reduced sugar lows on P2 (16.66%), and significantly difference effect (p<0.05) dodol fat content milk with a fat content highs around 13.77% (P4), but did not significantly difference effect the total sugar and texture of milk sweet pastry. Substitution Bogor tuber taro flour 100% produced best quality of milk sweet pastry with texture value 10.12 N, fat content 3.44%, 44.71% total sugar and reducing sugar 5.64%.
Annealing of Proton-Induced Random Telegraph Signal in CCDs

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A silicon CCD imager has been irradiated with 10 MeV protons and measurements focused on random telegraph signal (RTS). A variance detection method is applied for quantifying the number of RTS after irradiation and through isochronal annealing. The observed behavior is analyzed and corresponds to the annealing of phosphorus-vacancies.
An Administrator and Teacher Perspective on Program Quality Indicators for Students with Severe Disabilities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the perceptions of 48 teachers and 41 program administrators relative to the importance of 123 items representing program quality for learners with severe disabilities. The purpose of this study was to extend the original validation study (Meyer, Eichinger, & Park-Lee, 1987) of the 123 program quality indicators to include these two groups of service providers considered critical to quality programming. Both groups consistently rated the majority of the 123 items high (between the important and very important anchors). There was only one item that was rated significantly different by the two groups. The unit mean scores for these two groups were compared with those of the six groups in the earlier study (Meyer et al., 1987). The two dimensions considered most important by all eight groups were the criterion of ultimate functioning and professional practices/home-school collaboration. While this study served to further validate these indicators, anecdotal data and ongoing changes in the field served as catalysts for a revision of the Program Quality Indicators checklist (Meyer, Eichinger, & Downing, 1992).
First-year growth trajectory and early nutritional requirements for optimal growth in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a retrospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To describe the growth trajectory of children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) during the first year, to assess the risk factors for growth failure (GF) at 1 year and to determine nutritional intakes at discharge required for early optimal growth. Design Single-centre retrospective cohort study based on data from a structured follow-up programme. Setting and patients All neonates with CDH (2013–2019) alive at discharge and followed up to age 1. Interventions None. Main outcome measures Weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) at birth, 3, 6 and 12 months of age; risk factors for GF at age 1; energy and protein intake of infants achieving early optimal growth. Results Sixty-three of 65 neonates who were alive at discharge were included. Seven (11%) had GF at 1 year and 3 (4.8%) had a gastrostomy tube. The mean WAZ decreased in the first 3 months before catching up at 1 year (−0.6±0.78). Children with a severe form or born preterm experienced a deeper loss (from −1.5 to −2 z-scores) with late and limited catch-up. The median energy intake required to achieve positive or null weight growth velocity differed significantly according to CDH severity, ranging from 100 kcal/kg/day (postnatal forms) to 139 kcal/kg/day (severe prenatal forms) (p=0.009). Conclusions Growth patterns of CDH infants suggest that nutritional risk stratification and feeding practices may influence growth outcomes. Our results support individualised and active nutritional management based on CDH severity, with energy requirements as high as 140% of recommended intakes for healthy term infants.