jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determining the harvest point of ‘Murupi’ peppers packed in plastic bags under cold storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Peppers of the genus Capsicum are rich in antioxidants and considered to be an excellent source of compounds, which can bring benefits for human health, such as vitamin C and phenolic compounds. These compounds are influenced by the ripening stage of the fruits. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the ideal harvest point for ‘Murupi’ pepper fruits, targeting the consumer market, based on physical, chemical, and functional attributes. These attributes were evaluated during postharvest, being the fruits packed in low density polyethylene plastic film (LDPE) and submitted to cold storage (25±1°C and 95±3% U.R.) for 20 days. The treatments consisted of three different fruit maturation stages at harvest time (fruit peel color: green, partially red and totally red). The authors analyzed the vitamin C, total and soluble fibers, ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity), DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), total and reducing sugars, total phenolics, carotenoids, capsaicin and anthocyanins. The fruits harvested in immature stage (green) showed the highest values of vitamin C, total phenolics and, capsaicin contents, and also the highest averages of fruit antioxidant activity. The use of 0.10 mm-thick LDPE packages showed to be effective in delaying the maturation of pepper fruits in relation to sensory attributes, especially in terms of total fiber contents, being also observed, in this case, better maintenance of vitamin C and capsaicin contents, phenolic compounds and the highest antioxidant activity.
Evidence based medicine in physical medicine and rehabilitation (German version)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In the last twenty years the term "Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)" has been increasingly applied in all areas of medicine and is often used for decision-making in the medical and public health sector. It is also used to verify the significance and/or the effectiveness of different therapies. The original definition of EBM rests on the following three pillars: the physician's individual expertise, the patient's needs and the best external evidence. Today, however, the term EBM is often wrongly used as a synonym for best external evidence, without taking into consideration the other two pillars of the model which was created by Gordon Guyatt, David Sackett and Archibald Cochrane. This problem becomes even greater the more social insurance institutions and politicians use external evidence alone as the main guideline for financing therapies and therapy guidelines in physical medicine and general rehabilitation without taking into account the physician's expertise and the patient's needs.The wrong interpretation of EBM can lead to the following problems: well established clinical therapies are either questioned or not granted and are therefore withheld from patients (for example physical pain management). An absence of evidence for individual therapy methods does not prove their ineffectiveness! In this short statement the significance of EBM in Physical Medicine and general rehabilitation will be analysed and discussed.
Measuring the Impact of the European Regional Policy on Economic Growth: a Regression Discontinuity Design Approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Given the increasing share of the EU budget devoted to Regional Policy, several studies have tried to identify the policy’s contribution to regional economic growth. However, so far no consensus has been reached on the effectiveness of Cohesion policy, due to both limitations in data availability and comparability at regional level, and the difficulties in isolating the effects of the policy from the confounding effect of other factors. The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of UE Regional Policy, using a counterfactual method - the regression discontinuity design (henceforth RDD). We exploit the allocation rule of regional UE transfer: regions with a per capita GDP level below 75% of the EU average receive a huge amount of UE structural funds transfers. The sharp RDD is based to the jump in the probability of EU transfer receipt at the 75% cut-off point. Comparing the economic scenario arising under policy interventions with a ‘counterfactual’ situation - what would have happened if the policies were not implemented - we identify the economic effect of European regional interventions and show that they are positive and statistically significant. The most part of the larger growth of Obj. 1 regions in the period 1995-2006 can be attributed to Regional Policy.
Photoallergic contact dermatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PHOTOALLERGIC contact dermatitis resulting from use of soap occurs rarely; however, several years ago in England there was an "epidemic" of photoallergic contact dermatitis caused by a soap which contained the potent antiseptic tetrachlorsalicylanilide (TCSA).1-4This agent proved to be an equally potent photosensitizer. The literature5-8contains only a few reports of cases of photoallergic dermatitis from this chemical in the United States. The sporadic cases which do occur are difficult to diagnose and very often are not recognized, thus prolonging the patient's misery. The following cases are reported to emphasize the importance of recognizing photosensitivity caused by a soap (in these two patients, Lifebuoy) containing an antiseptic related to TCSA, namely, tribromsalan (tribromosalicylanilide, TBS).

Report of Cases

Case 1.—

A 38-year-old white man, a traveling sales representative, consulted us in January 1965 because of an acute dermatitis of the face and neck, which was spreading to the
Identification of the Peri-oral Mimic Muscles on Cadaver Slices and 3 and 7 Tesla MRI Scans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Decreased smile dynamics is reported as an unwanted side effect after Le Fort I osteotomies. It is assumed that this negative sequela might be caused by postoperative changes in the anatomy of peri-oral mimic muscles. Due to a lack of specific anatomical knowledge, the exact mechanism is not yet clarified. This makes prevention of the undesired changes in smile dynamics difficult. The first aim of this study is to increase basic anatomical and radiological MRI knowledge of the peri-oral mimic muscles. The second aim is to investigate if 7 Tesla MRI scans are better suited to identify these muscles than 3 Tesla MRI scans. Methods: Eleven peri-oral mimic muscles were chosen as subjects of the present study. Three and 7 Tesla MRI scans of a cadaver head were made. The same head was cut in axial slices using a cryomacrotome. Every second slice was digitally photographed. A three-dimensional model was created utilizing EMAC software, which served as gold standard for the identification and comparison of the chosen peri-oral mimic muscles on both MRI scans. Results: All predetermined peri-oral mimic muscles could be identified in the cadaver head, and a detailed radiological atlas was created. The ease of identification and separation of the peri-oral mimic muscles was significantly higher on the 7 Tesla MRI than on the 3 Tesla MRI scan ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: A 7 Tesla MRI scanner offers great improvement in the identification of peri-oral mimic muscles compared with a 3 Tesla scanner.
Genetic diversity of noroviruses in Brazil

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Norovirus (NoV) infections are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks around the world. In Brazil, the surveillance system for acute diarrhoea does not include the diagnosis of NoV, precluding the ability to assess its impact on public health. The present study assessed the circulation of NoV genotypes in different Brazilian states by partial nucleotide sequencing analysis of the genomic region coding for the major capsid viral protein. NoV genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) was the prevalent (78%) followed by GII.6, GII.7, GII.12, GII.16 and GII.17, demonstrating the great diversity of NoV genotypes circulating in Brazil. Thus, this paper highlights the importance of a virological surveillance system to detect and characterize emerging strains of NoV and their spreading potential.
Tyrosinase‐catalyzed oxidation of resveratrol produces a highly reactive ortho‐quinone: Implications for melanocyte toxicity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract trans ‐Resveratrol (3,5,4′‐trihydroxy‐ trans ‐stilbene, RES), a naturally occurring polyphenol, has recently attracted increased interest as a health‐beneficial agent. However, based on its p ‐substituted phenol structure, RES is expected to be a substrate for tyrosinase and to produce a toxic o ‐quinone metabolite. The results of this study demonstrate that the oxidation of RES by tyrosinase produces 4‐(3′,5′‐dihydroxy ‐trans ‐styrenyl)‐1,2‐benzoquinone (RES‐quinone), which decays rapidly to an oligomeric product (RES‐oligomer). RES‐quinone was identified after reduction to its corresponding catechol, known as piceatannol. RES‐quinone reacts with N ‐acetylcysteine, a small thiol, to form a diadduct and a triadduct, which were identified by NMR and MS analyses. The production of a triadduct is not common for o ‐quinones, suggesting a high reactivity of RES‐quinone. RES‐quinone also binds to bovine serum albumin through its cysteine residue. RES‐oligomer can oxidize GSH to GSSG, indicating its pro‐oxidant activity. These results suggest that RES could be cytotoxic to melanocytes due to the binding of RES‐quinone to thiol proteins.
Understanding Controls, Behaviors and Satisfaction in the Daylit perimeter office: A Daylight Design Case Study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Daylight has the potential to positively impact occupants and reduce energy consumption in buildings if utilized correctly ( Edwards & Torcellini, 2002 ). However, unintended negative outcomes can arise from unsuccessful daylighting schemes. Common issues, such as glare and heat gain, are important architectural considerations in design of the building envelope, but less studied are corresponding interior design considerations ( such as furniture layout and access to controls) and associated occupant interactions and appraisals. The purpose of the current study is to expose some of the key issues related to the occupant use of daylight and daylight control in perimeter offices, to discuss the contributing design process factors, and to suggest possible improvements to the design process including an increased role for interior designers. The research methodology followed a case study approach and included post–occupancy evaluation (POE) questionnaires, interviews, and observations of a single higher education building with intentionally daylit perimeter offices. We discovered that the building in question was passed between three separate design teams throughout the design process, which may have contributed to the lack of integration between the architectural daylight design and the interior furniture and daylighting control fit–out. More than 50% of total respondents ( n = 35) reported obstructed blind controls due to poor furniture design and layout. Of these, nearly 60% of occupants modified their office environment to gain access to blind controls. Ultimately, findings of this study demonstrate the importance of an integrated, multidisciplinary approach to daylighting design, one that considers both the specific building context and the human response.
[A case of mediastinal cavernous hemangioma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of mediastinal cavernous hemangioma was reported. An asymptomatic 6-year-old girl was discovered to have a mass in the left anterior superior mediastinum on a routine chest x-ray film. Computed tomograms demonstrated a mediastinal mass with calcification. Under a median sternotomy, a 10 x 9 x 5 cm mass was resected after dissecting the connections to the pericardium. As the mass surrounded the left phrenic nerve, the nerve was resected with the tumor. The histopathology was cavernous hemangioma. The calcification was not found in the vessels as the phleboliths but was showed in the interstitial tissues.
Essential Thrombocythemia and Takayasu Arteritis – A Rare Association of Two Rare Diseases: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Vasculitis associated with hematological malignancies are usually small or medium vessel involvement and rarely with large vessel vasculitis. Case description: A 37-year-old male presented with progressively increasing pain in lower limbs while walking for two years. But interestingly the case unfolded to be more than claudication. With the help of imaging, he was diagnosed with Takayasu arteritis involving infrarenal abdominal aorta. More so, he was also diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia (ET) that explained episodes of acute myocardial infarction at such young age. Conclusion: Takayasu arteritis in a male coexisting with myeloproliferative neoplasia is not much reported from India. Given the availability of treatment for both the diseases early identification and prompt action can save a patient.
Asymptotic expansion of the solution of an interface problem in a polygonal domain with thin layer

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the solution of an interface problem posed in a bounded domain coated with a layer of thickness ε and with external boundary conditions of Dirichlet or Neumann type. Our aim is to build a multi-scale expansion as ε goes to 0 for that solution. After presenting a complete multi-scale expansion in a smooth coated domain, we focus on the case of a corner domain. Singularities appear, obstructing the construction of the expansion terms in the same way as in the smooth case. In order to take these singularities into account, we construct profiles in an infinite coated sectorial domain. Combining expansions in the smooth case with splittings in regular and singular parts involving the profiles, we construct two families of multi-scale expansions for the solution in the coated domain with corner. We prove optimal estimates for the remainders of the multi-scale expansions.
Finite-Sample Average Bid Auction

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper studies the problem of auction design in a setting where the auctioneer accesses the knowledge of the valuation distribution only through statistical samples. A new framework is established that combines the statistical decision theory with mechanism design. Two optimality criteria, maxmin, and equivariance, are studied along with their implications on the form of auctions. The simplest form of the equivariant auction is the average bid auction, which set individual reservation prices proportional to the average of other bids and historical samples. This form of auction can be motivated by the Gamma distribution, and it sheds new light on the estimation of the optimal price, an irregular parameter. Theoretical results show that it is often possible to use the regular parameter population mean to approximate the optimal price. An adaptive average bid estimator is developed under this idea, and it has the same asymptotic properties as the empirical Myerson estimator. The new proposed estimator has a significantly better performance in terms of value at risk and expected shortfall when the sample size is small.
Banking and financial-services contribute Country Cities combat COVID-19 pandemic Block Chain technology and its application

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Block chain is a technology that is used to save the record of all information related to crypto currency transactions in a public ledger. Digital currency transactions can be done without any third party. When a coin is transferred by a computer, its information reaches all the computers connected to the network, and the transaction is verified. After this, the transaction data is secured by encoding it in blocks using cryptography technology. Similarly, many types of blocks together form the Public Ledger, which is called Block chain. During this hackathon, the winners will also be awarded up to three lakh rupees. Block chain has been the topic of discussion all over the world in recent times. Ever since the crypto currency era began, block chain has come into the limelight more and more, because crypto currency works on block chain technology itself.
The Manitoba provincial general election of 1945

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 1945 Manitoba provincial general election took place at an important time in world history, the end of the second Great War. The Coalition government, then led by Premier Stuart Garson, was returned to power with a substantial majority. This thesis will demonstrate that the Co-perative Commonwealth Federation, (C.C.F.) , which was formed from farmer, labour, and socialist parties in August 1932, and which soared to nationwide popularity exceeding that of the other political parties by September 1943, could have replaced the long-enduring Coalition government of Manitoba. lt will be seen that, in spite of an unrepresentative electoral system, and various damaging events and their ramifications, the C.C.F. almost became the party holding the most seats in the Manitoba provincial election of October 15, 1945. At the very least, had there been a "level playing field", in terms, for instance of a fairer system of representation, the C.C.F. might well have gained a significantly higher number of seats. Even so, the fact that it obtained almost a third of the popular vote inspired a confidential memo to Premier Stuart Garson, warning that the Liberal Progressives urgently needed to recruit younger and more energetic candidates to meet the next C.C.F. challenge.
"Study of Effects a New Resuspending Solution Which Was Nanotechnologically Upgraded on Lipoperoxidation, Catalase Activity and Red Blood Cell Peroxidation Resistance in Donor Blood Components"

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The problem of increasing the functional activity preservation of red blood cells is priority for the Blood Service and clinical transfusiology. Taking into account the previously discovered unique properties of magnetite nanoparticles, namely: non-specific modulation of metabolic processes, strengthening of adaptive mechanisms of cellular organelles, acceleration of reparative processes at the level of membranes and macromolecules, for the first time an attempt was made to use the upgraded saline solution of sodium chloride (nanotechnologically upgraded solution - NUS) as a resuspending of erythrocyte-containing components (ECC).
From history to reality – engaging with visitors in the Imperial War Museum (North)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper is about visitor engagement in a museum, with reference to the Imperial War Museum (IWM) (North). Modern museums can be considered part of the leisure industry, and are increasingly subject to financial and marketing considerations which, rightly, put the visitor at the centre of their thinking and planning. Facilitating visitor engagement is an important factor in ensuring the smooth delivery of a museum’s core aims. It is also key to enabling accessibility, both physical and intellectual, to all as part of the museum’s widening participation agenda. The idea of what constitutes the roles and functions of museums is at an interesting point: museums have changed over the last few decades from places that were primarily about collections to places of educative and serious leisure. Findings of a case study of visitor engagement in the IWM (North) indicate that proactive visitor engagement strategies and programmes will improve the visitor experience.
Collapse instability of solitons in the nonpolynomial Schrödinger equation with dipole–dipole interactions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A model of the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of dipolar atoms, confined in a\ncombination of a cigar-shaped trap and optical lattice acting in the axial\ndirection, is studied in the framework of the one-dimensional (1D)\nnonpolynomial Schr\\"{o}dinger equation (NPSE) with additional terms describing\nlong-range dipole-dipole (DD) interactions. The NPSE makes it possible to\ndescribe the collapse of localized modes, which was experimentally observed in\nthe self-attractive BEC confined in tight traps, in the framework of the 1D\ndescription. We study the influence of the DD interactions on the dynamics of\nbright solitons, especially as concerns their collapse-induced instability.\nBoth attractive and repulsive contact and DD interactions are considered. The\nresults are summarized in the form of stability/collapse diagrams in a\nrespective parametric space. In particular, it is shown that the attractive DD\ninteractions may prevent the collapse instability in the condensate with\nattractive contact interactions.\n
Abstract 14230: Comparing Stress Echocardiography Parameters of Transgender Women With Their Cisgender Counterparts: The Mayo Clinic Women’s Heart Clinic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Stress echocardiography (SE) is a common functional imaging modality used for the detection of symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). Currently, the interpretation of SE relies on sex-based comparators for reporting parameters, including exercise time and functional aerobic capacity. These parameters are based on the cisgender male and female populations but have not been studied among transgender (TG) patients. Thus, we sought to characterize the SE parameters among a group of TG women. Methods: We designed a case-control study of TG women who underwent a SE at the Mayo Clinic. Each TG patient was age-matched with 2 cis-males and 2 cis-females. Demographics, medical history, and SE data were extracted. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to compare the TG cohort with each cisgender cohort separately. Results: Among the 43 TG females (age 57.7±9 years, 94.9% white), the prevalence of CAD was less than in cis-males (p=0.013) but similar to cis-females. For SE parameters, TG females had higher resting heart rates than cis-males (median [Q1, Q3]: 80 [71,93] vs 70 [64, 77]; p=0.002). Double product (24816 [21156, 27864] vs 26864 [22444, 30660]; p=0.016), exercise time (7.3 minutes [6,9] vs 8.5 [7.2, 9.5]; p=0.041), and metabolic equivalents (8.2 [7, 10] vs 9.5 [8.2, 10.5]; p=0.018), were all lower in TG females than cis-males. Exercise ejection fraction was higher in the transgender cohort than in cis-females (70 [70, 75] vs 70 [65, 70]; p=0.007). There was no difference in functional aerobic capacity or in the rest or stress wall motion score indices among the groups. Finally, there was no difference in the prevalence of positive electrocardiogram or SE studies. Conclusion: In conclusion, we report for the first time SE profiles for TG females which display an overall distinct phenotype compared to cis-males and cis-females. Larger prospective studies are warranted to further define these parameters for the TG population.