jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
From Pacific to traffic islands: challenging Australia’s colonial use of the ocean through creative protest

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Australian High Commission in London, located in an imposing, heritage-listed building known as Australia House, works to project a positive national image in its colonial motherland. Australia House has been the subject of a number of creative protests which utilise the building’s location on a traffic island to draw attention to Australia’s colonial use of the ocean as part of its ongoing mission to reign supreme as a white island in the otherwise racialised south Pacific. The protests draw attention to the violence Australia seeks to conceal in the distant island refugee prison camps on Manus and Nauru, and use the place of Australia House in the heart of London to “bring home” the historical colonial dimensions of Australia as a place today. Reading the protests through the lens of critical geography and legal history, we argue that the protests work to disrupt the business of the Australian High Commission by maneuvering the physical space of and around Australia House such that they memorialize, expose and interrupt the racist violence which the High Commission seeks to hide.
Effect of food and gastric acidity on absorption of orally administered ketoconazole.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Effects of food and gastric acidity on the bioavailability of ketoconazole tablets were investigated in 12 volunteers using a six-treatment, randomized, Latin-square crossover design. All volunteers received all treatments, as follows: (A) ketoconazole 200 mg administered after a fast; (B) ketoconazole 200 mg with a standardized high-fat meal; (C) ketoconazole 200 mg with a standardized high-carbohydrate meal; (D) ketoconazole 200 mg after pretreatment with glutamic acid hydrochloride 680 mg as capsules; (E) ketoconazole 200 mg in a simulated achlorhydric state induced with cimetidine and sodium bicarbonate; and (F) ketoconazole 200 mg administered with glutamic acid hydrochloride in a simulated achlorhydric state. Ketoconazole concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in plasma samples drawn immediately before and at various times over 24 hours after drug administration. Bioavailability variables, including natural logarithm transformation for area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), were subjected to analysis of variance followed by Duncan's Multiple Range testing. Treatments B and C significantly prolonged the times required to achieve the peak plasma ketoconazole concentration, and treatment C also significantly reduced the peak plasma ketoconazole concentration (Cmax) compared with treatment A. There was a trend toward increased AUC values with treatment B and decreased AUC values with treatment C. Treatment D produced a higher Cmax compared with treatment A, and treatment E produced large, significant reductions in Cmax and AUC values compared with treatment A. Treatment F significantly increased AUC values and Cmax compared with treatment E.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
First Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes from Employment of 2,6-Diacetylpyridine Dioxime: Synthesis, Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization, and Biological Evaluation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Employment of the monoanion of 2,6-diacetylpyridine dioxime (dapdoH(2)) as a tridentate chelate in palladium(II) and platinum(II) chemistry is reported. The syntheses, crystal structures, spectroscopic and physicochemical characterization, and biological evaluation are described of [PdCl(dapdoH)] (1) and [PtCl(dapdoH)] (2). Reaction of PdCl(2) with 2 equivs of dapdoH(2) in MeOH under reflux gave 1, whereas the same reaction with PtCl(2) in place of PdCl(2) gave 2 in comparable yields (70-80%). The divalent metal center in both compounds is coordinated by a terminal chloro group and a N,N',N"-tridentate chelating (η(3)) dapdoH(-) ligand. Thus, each metal ion is four coordinate with a distorted square planar geometry. Characterization of both complexes with (1)H and (13)C NMR and UV-vis and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopies confirmed their integrity in DMSO solutions. Interaction of the complexes with human and bovine serum albumin has been studied with fluorescence spectroscopy, revealing their affinity for these proteins with relatively high values of binding constants. UV study of the interaction of the complexes with calf-thymus DNA (CT DNA) has shown that they can bind to CT DNA, and the corresponding DNA binding constants have been evaluated. Cyclic voltammograms of the complexes in the presence of CT DNA solution have shown that the interaction of the complexes with CT DNA is mainly through intercalation, which has been also shown by DNA solution viscosity measurements. Competitive studies with ethidium bromide (EB) have revealed the ability of the complexes to displace the DNA-bound EB, suggesting competition with EB. The combined work demonstrates the ability of pyridyl-dioxime chelates not only to lead to polynuclear 3d-metal complexes with impressive structural motifs and interesting magnetic properties but also to yield new, mononuclear 4d- and 5d-metal complexes with biological implications.
Hiding Messages in Secure Connection Transmissions with Full-Duplex Overt Receiver

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers hiding messages in overt transmissions with a full-duplex receiver, which emits artificial noise to secure its transmission connection while a transmitter opportunistically sends a covert message to a covert user. The warden’s uncertainties in decoding the overt message and artificial-noise-received power are exploited to hide messages. Then, the covert throughput accompanied with the warden’s average detection error probability are determined. The results show that increasing the transmit power of artificial noise or improving secure connection at the overt user will improve the covert performance. The results also show that the covert performance is improved when the self-interference cancellation is improved at the full-duplex receiver or when the warden is located close to the full-duplex receiver, indicating the positive impact of the overt performance on the covert performance.
Brooklyn: An Illustrated History

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Brooklyn's unique character grows out of a rich and colorful history, a complex tapestry of developing neighborhoods, striving immigrants, melding - sometimes clashing - cultures, booming and stagnating economic cycles. Guiding us into this historical panorama through five larger-than-life points of entry, Ellen M. Snyder-Grenier highlights the people, events, and places that have made Brooklyn, Brooklyn
ARIES-ACT1 Safety Design and Analysis

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

ARIES-ACT1 (Advanced and Conservative Tokamak) is a 1000-MW(electric) tokamak design featuring advanced plasma physics and divertor and blanket engineering. Some relevant features include an advanced SiC blanket with PbLi as coolant and breeder; a helium-cooled steel structural ring and tungsten divertors; a thin-walled, helium-cooled vacuum vessel; and a room-temperature, water-cooled shield outside the vacuum vessel. We consider here some safety aspects of the ARIES-ACT1 design and model a series of design-basis and beyond-design-basis accidents with the MELCOR code modified for fusion. The presence of multiple coolants (PbLi, helium, and water) makes possible a variety of such accidents. We consider here a loss-of-flow accident caused by a long-term station blackout (LTSBO), an ex-vessel helium break into the cryostat, and a beyond-design-basis accident in which a LTSBO is aggravated by a loss-of-coolant accident in ARIES-ACT1's ultimate decay heat removal system, the water-cooled shield. In the design-basis accidents, we find that the secondary confinement boundaries are not challenged, and the structural integrity of in-vessel components is not threatened by high temperatures or pressures; decay heat can be passively removed.
Effect of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Manganese and Zinc Doped Ferrites on the Development of Capsicum annuum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Nanotechnology applied to agriculture (nanoagriculture) represents a watershed in the study and development of novel alternatives that could strongly influence agricultural practices. In this research, we documented the comparative study with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and ferrites doped with zinc-manganese in C. annuum development, due to the nanoparticles study in plant crops has been showing beneficial effects.
How to accurately determine a saturation magnetization of the sample in a ferromagnetic resonance experiment?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The phenomenon of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) is still being exploited for determining the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants of magnetic materials. We show that one can also determine accurately the saturation magnetization of the sample using results of FMR experiments after taking into account the relationship between resonance frequency and curvature of the spatial distribution of free energy at resonance. Specifically, three examples are given of calculating saturation magnetization from FMR data: we use historical Bickford's measurements from 1950 for bulk magnetite, Liu's measurements from 2007 for a 500 mn thin film of a weak ferromagnet (Ga, Mn)As, and Wang's measurements from 2014 for an ultrathin film of YIG. In all three cases, the magnetization values we have determined are consistent with the results of measurements.
Application of software engineering to biomedicine

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The application of software engineering technique to biomedicine complements the biomedical process. Biological systems are extremely complex reactive systems that require a lot of analysis and comprehension. The use of formal methods can be beneficial for gaining new biological insights and experimental avenues. The model created could be analysed by model checking. This research was done to find out more about the use of PRISM, a probabilistic model checker to model signaling pathways and to study the drug effect by simulating perturbation on the network system. Results obtained from the model checker were evaluated to learn more about the system. A significant part of the project focused on speeding up the time needed for the computations by testing for the best combinations possible. By switching to better hardware workstations significant increased the model checking rate. The usage of the sparse engine instead of the default hybrid engine helped to reduce the model checking time required by 45% on average. The power linear equation method had a slight speed up in comparison to other methods while the memory usages between methods are about the same. It can be observed that the knock out of Sos does not have an influence on the model and therefore could be considered when a speed up in computation is required. The results and observations in this report hope to contribute a better understand on how to use the PRISM model checker and learn more about Fibroblast Growth Factor pathway to be useful to future research.
Currents in Fishery Management

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis provides an overview of fishery management policy types and attempts to determine best practices for biological sustainability in terms of species preservation and biomass recovery. Key concepts include biological sustainability, regulatory forces, and fishery management and output trends. The research question investigated is: what are the best policy practices for regulating marine fishery health and biological stability? The research process of this paper included a review of prior literature in the field of marine policy and fishery management, as well as the use of United States data from the Pacific and Atlantic coasts to evaluate management strategies. Based on both the literature review and the results of the data from Pacific and Atlantic Fisheries, the best management structure appears to be the co-management approach while the best management methodologies involve ecosystem protections and quotas.
Independence-Encouraging Subsampling for Nonparametric Additive Models

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The additive model is a popular nonparametric regression method due to its ability to retain modeling flexibility while avoiding the curse of dimensionality. The backfitting algorithm is an intuitive and widely used numerical approach for fitting additive models. However, its application to large datasets may incur a high computational cost and is thus infeasible in practice. To address this problem, we propose a novel approach called independence-encouraging subsampling (IES) to select a subsample from big data for training additive models. Inspired by the minimax optimality of an orthogonal array (OA) due to its pairwise independent predictors and uniform coverage for the range of each predictor, the IES approach selects a subsample that approximates an OA to achieve the minimax optimality. Our asymptotic analyses demonstrate that an IES subsample converges to an OA and that the backfitting algorithm over the subsample converges to a unique solution even if the predictors are highly dependent in the full data. The proposed IES method is shown to be numerically appealing via simulations and a real data application. Theoretical proofs, R codes, and supplementary numerical results are accessible online as supplementarymaterials.
Actionable genomic landscapes from a real-world cohort of localized urothelial carcinoma patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

525 Background: Recent targeted therapies for advanced and metastatic urothelial cancer have generated enthusiasm, but the actionable genomic landscape of early-stage disease remains largely unknown. Here, we used real-world evidence to investigate differences between somatic and germline mutations in localized, early-stage urothelial cancers and advanced urothelial cancers. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed de-identified NGS data from 1,146 bladder cancer patients (stages I-IV) with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies sequenced using the Tempus|xT solid tumor assay (DNA-seq of 595-648 genes at 500x coverage; whole-exome capture RNA-seq). For the subset of patients with tumor-normal match sequencing (n=758), additional incidental germline alterations in 46 different genes were assessed. Results: A total of 1,146 bladder cancer tumors were investigated: stage I-II (n=124), stage III (n=159), and stage IV (n=863)—summarized in Table. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was calculated for 1,126 tumors, and TMB-high (TMB-H; ≥10 mutations per megabase) was similar across tumor stages. PD-L1 immunohistochemical staining was performed on 698 tumors, and no significant differences were observed. Microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) status was detected in only 2 (1.6%) stage I-II tumors and 8 (0.9%) stage IV tumors. Alterations—single nucleotide variants, insertions/deletions, and copy number variants—in FGFR2/3, homologous recombination repair genes (18 genes including BRCA1/2 and ATM), additional DNA repair gene mutations ( ERCC2, RB1, FANCC) and NTRK fusions were detected at similar frequencies across disease stages. In 758 patients with tumor/normal matched sequencing, we identified a low rate of incidental germline mutations in MUTYH (stage III, 1%; stage IV, 1.9%), BRCA2 (stages I-II, 1.2%; stage III, 1%; stage IV, 0.5%), BRIP1 (stages I-II, 1.2%), ATM (stage III, 1%; stage IV, 0.7%), MSH6 (stage III, 1%; stage IV, 0.2%), and TP53 (stage III, 1%; stage IV, 0.2%). Conclusions: Patients with bladder cancer have similar rates of potentially actionable mutations and genomic landscapes regardless of clinical disease stage. These findings provide a rationale for further investigating targeted therapies among early-stage bladder cancer patients.[Table: see text]
Predicting stock market returns and volatility with investor sentiment: Evidence from eight developed countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We test the predictive ability of investor sentiment on the return and volatility at the aggregate market level in the U.S., four largest European countries and three Asia-Pacific countries. We find that in the U.S., France and Italy periods of high consumer confidence levels are followed by low market returns. In Japan both the level and the change in consumer confidence boost the market return in the next month. Further, shifts in sentiment significantly move conditional volatility in most of the countries, and in Italy such impacts lead to an increase in returns by 4.7% in the next month.
Histological Studies of Ditylenchus africanus Within Peanut Pods.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ditylenchus africanus entered the immature pegs and pods of peanut (Arachis hypogaea cv. Sellie) at the peg-connection and subsequently invaded the parenchymatous regions of the hull exocarp and endocarp, and eventually the seed testa. The nematode caused malformations of the cells of infected tissues, cell wall breakage, and cell collapse. The damage appeared to be due to enzymatic activity. In some testae the entire parenchyma region, which aids in protection of the seed, was destroyed. In immature pods, the nematodes moved across the fibrous region of the mesocarp into the hull endocarp. In mature pods, however, the fibrous mesocarp of the hull was lignified and apparently was a barrier to penetration of the inner pod tissues. In late-harvested pods, increased numbers of eggs and anhydrobiotes were found in the hull tissues, and eggs in the seed testa, suggesting the onset of winter survival mechanisms of the nematode.
A novel phase unwrapping method based on network programming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Phase unwrapping is the reconstruction of a function on a grid given its values mod 2/spl pi/. Phase unwrapping is a key problem in all quantitative applications of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry, but also in other fields. A new phase unwrapping method, which is a different approach from existing techniques, is described and tested. The method starts from the fact that the phase differences of neighboring pixels can be estimated with a potential error that is an integer multiple of 2/spl pi/. This suggests the formulation of the phase unwrapping problem as a global minimization problem with integer variables. Recognizing the network structure underlying the problem makes for an efficient solution. In fact, it is possible to equate the phase unwrapping problem to the problem of finding the minimum cost flow on a network, for the solution of which there exist very efficient techniques. The tests performed on real and simulated interferometric SAR data confirm the validity of the approach.
Psikolojik kökenli ağrı ile deneyimlenen suçluluk kefareti.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Psychodynamically, chronic pain problems with no organic cause have been considered as a way of punishment through physical pain for aggressive and sexual feelings producing guilt. The purpose of the present study was to examine effect of guilt feelings on nocebo pain responses and the effect of psychologically induced nocebo pain on guilt feelings. The participants were 100 students from Middle East Technical University. There were two independent variables which were guilt induction (guilt-no guilt) and nocebo manipulation (nocebo-no nocebo). Guilt feeling was induced by asking participants to write guilt evoking memories for 10 minutes. Nocebo manipulation was done by telling the participants that they will receive electricity from an EEG cap. In addition, they watched a video in which a confederate imitates having pain during the procedure. Guilt feelings were measured with PANAS twice, once after guilt induction and once after nocebo pain manipulation. Pain was measured using a basic 0 to 10 visual pain scale. Independent t-tests, chi square test, two way Factorial ANOVA, and two way Mixed ANOVA were conducted on the data. The resutls revealed effects of manipulations, but no significant interactions and increased likelihood of pain reporting frequency due to guilt induction. Although insignificant, guilt induction had an inhibition effect on reporting nocebo pain and subjective pain severity. Findings, limitations and clinical implications of the study were discussed.
Common traffic congestion features studied in USA, UK, and Germany based on kerner's three-phase traffic theory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Based on real traffic data measured on American, UK and German freeways, we study Kerner's common features of traffic congestion phases (synchronized flow and wide moving jam) relevant for many transportation engineering applications. General features of traffic congestion, i.e., features of traffic breakdown and of the further development of congested regions, are shown on freeways in the USA and UK beyond the previously known data examples. For the testing of Kerner's "line J", representing the propagation of the wide moving jam's downstream front, four different methods are studied and compared for each congested traffic situation occurring in the three countries.
Independent assortment of four loci in the Isopod, Porcellio dilatatus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Laboratory crosses involving allozyme variants of three enzyme systems (encoding phosphoglucose isomerase, cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase, and fumarase) in the terrestrial isopod Porceillo dilatatus indicate inheritance of the charge alternatives as autosomal codominant traits. Testcross mapping of the three genes (PGl, IDH-1, and FUM) with respect to each other, and to a previously characterized pigment mutant (tan), indicate that these four loci assort independently of each other.
Effects of Er:YAG Photobiomodulation Therapy on Wound Healing of Human Palatal Mucosa After Connective Tissue Graft Harvesting: A Pilot Study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) with a 2940-nm Er:YAG laser on post-operative pain and wound healing at the palatal donor site of subepithelial connective tissue grafts (CTGs). Methods: Ten systemically healthy patients who required CTG surgery completed this randomized clinical trial. Participants were assigned to receive PBM therapy or sham laser treatment of the palate following harvest of the graft. Analgesic consumption was recorded, and a visual analogue scale (VAS) pain questionnaires completed for the first post-operative week. At one week, patients completed an Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) questionnaire. At one and two weeks, healing was evaluated according to a modified early wound-healing index (MEHI) and the healing index of Landry, Turnbull and Howley (HI). Patients returned at six weeks for assessment of tissue thickness and for collection of a tissue sample. Results: There were no significant differences in VAS scores, analgesic intake, or healing of the palate between the Test and Control groups. The Test group reported more frequent disruptions to doing light work, going out, sleeping, smiling, and interacting with others. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, PBM therapy with an Er:YAG laser did not impart any beneficial effects.