jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of student team achievement division through WebQuest on EFL students’ argumentative writing skills and their instructors’ perceptions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the effectiveness of integrating Student Team Achievement Division (STAD), a structured cooperative learning method, and WebQuest, an inquiry-based technological model (IBTM) on developing university English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ advanced-level argumentative writing skills and enhancing instructors’ positive perceptions about teaching and learning. The study, which was undertaken over a 12-week academic semester, employed a mixed methods pre-test/post-test control/experimental group design whereby six intact rhetoric classes were randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions. The experimental group participants (N = 54) were enrolled in four classes and received argumentative writing instruction incorporating STADIBTM whereas their control group counterparts (N = 24) were enrolled in two classes and received the same argumentative writing instruction without STADIBTM. Four instructors who were involved with the experimental group received training on the implementation of STADIBTM. Qualitative data collection and analysis were utilized. The argumentative essay pre-tests and post-tests along with pre-treatment and post-treatment surveys were used to collect data. The quantitative results were evaluated using ANCOVA analyses. The findings showed that only the less skilled participants of the experimental and control groups were able to significantly improve their argumentative writing. However, their instructors were able to develop more positive pedagogical perceptions and perceived fewer challenges because of STADIBTM-based instruction. Further recommendations are given.
On the new mechanism of planetary long-period debris formation around white dwarfs

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT To explain the phenomenon of metal pollution of white dwarfs (WD) photospheres, we compared three main fragmentation mechanisms of small bodies (SB): tidal force, thermal destruction, and sublimation when SB fall on to WD along star-grazing orbits. The temperatures of the WDs lie in the range of 3000–15 000 K. We consider two materials, using their internal strength: crystalline ice and chondrite. We show that inside the Roche limit, ice bodies (ISB) ranging in size from 60 m to 150 km are destroyed by tidal forces. The corresponding sizes of stony bodies (SSB) range from 90 m to 130 km. Bodies of centimetre size are subject to sublimation. The thermal destruction mechanism is effective for bodies whose size lies in the interval where tidal forces and sublimation are not so effective, destroying SSBs smaller than 50 m and ISBs smaller than 1 km near stars with ${T}_\rm{eff} \le 15\, 000$ K. Such bodies are totally destroyed by thermal tensile stresses long before they reach the Roche limit. There may be observable manifestations of SB falling in the form of short-term flashes of the order of a second from SSB with sizes ≤ 100 m and WD curtaining with dust tails from ISB, causing WD dimming for a short time of the order of an hour. We conjecture that SB, moving along elongated elliptical orbits at large distances from the star, disintegrates by thermal destruction. The fragments from debris discs have nothing to do with the Roche limit.
Exploring the connection between language use and oral performance during study abroad: Results from the Daily Language Questionnaire 2

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Many second language (L2) learners participate in study abroad (SA) experiences believing their choice will be synonymous with increased interaction in the L2, from which enhanced linguistic gains will ensue. Nonetheless, one open question is whether SA participants actually engage in sustained L2 interaction while they are abroad. This paper reports the results of a longitudinal study in which 31 SA participants (L1 = English; L2 = Spanish) completed the Daily Language Questionnaire 2 (DLQ 2), an online questionnaire designed in Qualtrics, every day during their 6‐week SA experience in Spain. We show that (i) learners reported substantially less L2 use at the end than at the start of the SA and (ii) learners reported substantially less L2 use on “no‐class” days compared to class days. We additionally tested correlations between the self‐reported values of L2 use and the learners' L2 oral abilities. We found moderate positive correlations between L2 usage (per the DLQ 2) and initial‐ability scores (per the Elicited Imitation Task); these findings are contextualized within theories of L2 interaction. Finally, we use the data of the present study to offer recommendations for administrators and instructors looking to refine the experience offered to SA participants.
Effect of team-based learning in interprofessional education at a health university

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of interprofessional education (IPE) using team-based learning (TBL). Methods: We analyzed the results of a scale to measure IPE among 449 fourth-year students from seven faculties of a health university in Japan. The students took the Assembly Special Lesson as part of IPE using TBL. Before and after the lesson, the participants completed a questionnaire, which consisted of the IPE Tsukuba Model, to which we added two items. The scale was divided into five domains. We compared the scores using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The overall scores of four of the five domains of the IPE evaluation were significantly higher after the lesson than before (P<0.05): "Understanding the role of each profession's specialization" ; "Regarding participation in group work" ; "Thoughts regarding the team in healthcare and welfare" ; and "Feelings about cooperation among different professions." Conclusions: It was evident that the lesson enhanced the students' understanding of the role of other professionals, enabled them to participate in group work, and allowed them to understand the responsibilities of each profession within a team, thereby leading to greater cooperation and better health care. This TBL for IPE was found to be effective by producing valuable changes in perceptions and attitudes toward professional cooperation among students.
Advancement in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques for Ischemic Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease that is typically brought on by a disruption in the blood flow to the brain; it accounts for more than 80% of all strokes. 1.8 million neurons are thought to die per minute. The burden of stroke in people younger than 65 years has increased over the last decades, it has increased worldwide by 25% among adults aged 20 to 64 years. According to reports, both men and women can experience stroke symptoms, in this case women are more prone to have nontraditional symptoms of stroke like dizziness, lack of consciousness, slurred speech. In comparison to Western Europe, America, Australia, and similar to Eastern Europe, Asia has a higher stroke fatality rate. Acute management of stroke requires fast and efficient screening, imaging and modality. Better clinical outcomes can be attained through early detection and treatment of stroke. Stroke imaging techniques are computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is more preferred because it gives detailed and exact result of damage. Antithrombotic and neuroprotective therapies are the mainstays of conventional medicine, although their use is still constrained due to their poor safety. Utilizing nanomedicines is an additional option since they can boost therapeutic benefit and adverse effect reduction, achieve effective medicine collection at the target site, and improve pharmacokinetic behavior of pharmaceuticals in vivo . We have comprehensively described ischemic stroke, its epidemiology, advanced artificial intelligence–based diagnostic tools and its treatment therapies.
3 Building effective stroke systems of care through a regional emergency medical services (EMS) coalition and data transparency initiative: the south florida experience

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Advances in acute stroke treatment of emergency large vessel occlusions (ELVO) have led to a transformation in the delivery of stroke care. Because of the importance of time to treatment with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), there has been renewed emphasis on improving stroke systems of care. In south Florida, there has been a proliferation of stroke centers over the past decade claiming to offer EVT due to the practice of self-attestation by the Agency for Healthcare Administration (AHCA). Concurrently, there are over a dozen EMS agencies in the region, leading to variability in pre-hospital protocols.

Methods

To address the fragmented stroke landscape, in 2015 local EMS Medical Directors along with NeuroInterventionalists (NI) developed the South Florida Stroke Coalition (SFSC), and collaborated with the University of Miami Florida Stroke Registry (UM FSR) team. The core tenets were to: 1) Develop pre-hospital EMS stroke protocols; 2) Optimize in-hospital stroke processes to reduce times to treatment for ELVO; 3) Encourage all tri-county stroke centers to submit data to AHA/ASA Get with the Guidelines-Stroke (GWTG-S) program and participate in the UM FSR; 4) Develop a sustainable data transparency model for CSCs to allow EMS Medical Directors to understand quality of stroke care in their region; 5) Eliminate the practice of AHCA self-attestation of CSCs and require stroke centers to apply for Joint Commission certification.

Results

The SFSC and the UM FSR analyzed AHCA criteria for Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) designation and compared them to those of the Joint Commission to better understand limitations of self-attestation. A sustainable mechanism for local hospitals to share stroke data with the EMS Medical Directors in their catchment areas was created through a regional dashboard initiative (figure 1). The following key variables were selected by the SFSC to provide a better understanding of the quality of care: 1) treatment rates for tPA and EVT, 2) door-to-needle time for tPA, 3) door-to-puncture time for EVT, 4) outcomes at 90 days using modified Rankin scale.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, the Florida Stroke Registry Regional Dashboards developed as a grassroots effort between the SFSC and the UM FSR represents the first-of-its-kind, EMS-driven effort to improve stroke systems of care in a region that is comprised of a multitude of EMS agencies and numerous ELVO triage destinations within short distance of each other. Taken together, this data transparency initiative will be instrumental for EMS Medical Directors in future triage decision-making.

Disclosures

B. Mehta: None. P. Antevy: None. R. Katz: None. J. Sessa: None. K. Scheppke: None. P. Pepe: None. R. Hanel: None. M. Mokin: None. C. Gutierrez: None. J. Romano: None. R. Nogueira: None. A. Jadhav: None. T. Leslie-Mazwi: None. R. Sacco: None.
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of thiolated methylated N-(4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl) chitosan as a new derivative of chitosan

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Despite chitosan, a natural cationic polysaccharide derived from chitin, being applied as an antimicrobial agent, many studies are being performed for enhancing its capability to fight against pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of thiolated methylated N-(4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl) chitosan (TTMAC) polymer and its nanoparticles as a novel derivation of chitosan. The polymer derivative was synthetized and characterized via 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared and the Elman test. The nanoparticles with different N/P ratios were prepared by the ionic gelation method and were characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The cellular toxicity of polymer and nanoparticles at different concentrations were evaluated on human MCF-7 cell line. Antimicrobial assay was performed on Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) as Gram-negative, Gram-positive and yeast pathogens, respectively. The obtained results have shown the TTMAC polymer has a higher inhibition activity against microbial pathogens and also lower cellular toxicity in comparison with chitosan polymer. Furthermore, chitosan nanoparticles in comparison with TTMAC nanoparticles have lower size and highest zeta potential in different ratio and chitosan nanoparticles have more inhibitory effects against microbial pathogens. In conclusion, TTMAC derivative in polymeric form can be a promising tool against microbial pathogens.
Well-posedness of a parametrically forced nonlinear Schrödinger equation driven by translation-invariant noise

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove well-posedness in $H^σ(\mathbb{R})$ for any $σ\in [0,\infty)$ of a parametrically forced nonlinear Schrödinger equation (PFNLS) in one dimension driven by multiplicative Stratonovich noise which has spatially homogeneous statistics. The noise is white in time and correlated in space. We first construct local mild solutions via a fixed-point argument. We then formulate a blow-up criterion by showing that the equation has persistence of integrability and regularity as long as the $L^2(\mathbb{R})$-norm of the solution remains finite. Afterwards we derive a pathwise estimate on the $L^2(\mathbb{R})$-norm using a mild Itô formula. Our results also apply to the standard cubic NLS equation driven by multiplicative translation-invariant Stratonovich noise.
Learning to divide the labor: an account of deficits in light and heavy verb production

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Theories of sentence production that involve a convergence of activation from conceptual-semantic and syntactic-sequential units inspired a connectionist model that was trained to produce simple sen-tences. The model used a learning algorithm that resulted in a sharing of responsibility (or “division of labor”) between syntactic and semantic inputs for lexical activation according to their predictive power. Semantically rich, or “heavy”, verbs in the model came to rely on semantic cues more than on syntactic cues, whereas semantically impoverished, or “light”, verbs relied more on syntactic cues. When the syntactic and semantic inputs were lesioned, the model exhibited patterns of production characteristic of agrammatic and anomic aphasic patients, respectively. Anomic models tended to lose the ability to retrieve heavy verbs, whereas agrammatic models were more impaired in retrieving light verbs. These results obtained in both sentence production and single-word naming simulations. Moreover, simulated agrammatic lexical retrieval was more impaired overall in sentences than in single-word tasks, in agree-ment with the literature. The results provide a demonstration of the division-of-labor principle, as well as general support for the claim that connectionist learning principles can contribute to the understanding
Intelligent transport systems and effects on road traffic accidents: state of the art

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The results from several reviews have been presented and the aspects of road safety associated with intelligent transport systems (ITS) applications have been addressed. The attempt is to make a state-of-the-art regarding effects on accidents by categorising systems according to levels of evaluations methods that have been applied. These categories are effects on behaviour, effects on accidents by proxy/surrogate methods, accident studies from real traffic, effects on accident types and finally by meta-analysis where weighted estimates of effects on accidents can be calculated. Thirty-three IT systems including driver assistance systems/advanced driver assistance systems, in-vehicle information systems, in-vehicle data-collection systems and road telematics have been listed. Effects based on meta-analysis are estimated for 11 systems, and single accident studies are found for an additional 2 systems. For the remaining 20 systems, no studies from real road traffic have been identified. Effects on accidents of antilocking brake systems and electronic stability control (ESC) are presented in more detail according to their effects on certain accident types. ESC appears to be very efficient in reducing the number of accidents. Behavioural adaptations to ITS are considered and discussed, especially in terms of compensation mechanisms. Four hypotheses regarding prediction of effects on accidents are stated according to whether systems increase or decrease 'windows of opportunities' by calling upon a driver behaviour model where emotions play a central role. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2007.
A program for the acquisition and analysis of RBS, HFS, ERD, and PIXE spectra

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation M. D. Strathman; A program for the acquisition and analysis of RBS, HFS, ERD, and PIXE spectra. AIP Conf. Proc. 5 February 1997; 392 (1): 643–646. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.52534 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Dead Shells Bring to Life Baselines for Conservation, Revealing Invisible Biodiversity Loss &lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

We are living in a time of rapid biodiversity loss. Numerous studies have shown that modern extinction rates are higher than pre-human background rates. However, these biodiversity studies almost exclusively focus on large vertebrates: mammals, birds, fish and reptiles. We lack sufficient long-term records for many invertebrate taxa to track biodiversity loss. Aquatic, benthic, calcareous invertebrates, however, have the advantage of leaving a long-term record that can readily be sampled along with living communities. They leave easily-fossilized remains in the form of mineralized skeletons that accumulate in the very same sediments in which they live. These so called "death assemblages" contain an underutilized record for long-term monitoring. Here, we leverage calcareous micro- and macro- faunal remains from three aquatic environments spanning a two-dimensional gradient from freshwater to fully marine and polluted to remediated. We find death assemblages of lacustrine, calcareous microcrustaceans (Ostracoda) faithfully record human impacts, both pollution and remediation, across a fresh to hypersaline environmental gradient today. Death assemblages from calcareous marine, macrofauna (Bivalvia) also faithfully reconstruct temporal variation in human impact encompassing pristine, polluted, and successful remediation. We thus establish that death assemblages can act as useful gauges of changes in community assembly and population structures at local and regional scales which would be impossible with only contemporaneous monitoring of the living communities. These examples demonstrate that death assemblages from easily-fossilized taxa represent an effective tool for environmental managers to establish baselines for conservation targets and identify when community assembly approaches natural conditions in remediated ecosystems, rendering previously unrecognized biodiversity loss visible.
Understanding of Food Biofilms by the Application of Omics Techniques

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Biofilms constitute a protective barrier for foodborne pathogens to survive under stressful food processing conditions. Therefore, studies into the development and control of biofilms by novel techniques are vital for the food industry. In recent years, foodomics techniques have been developed for biofilm studies, which contributed to a better understanding of biofilm behavior, physiology, composition, as well as their response to antibiofilm methods at different molecular levels including genes, RNA, proteins and metabolic metabolites. Throughout this review, the main studies where foodomics tools used to explore the mechanisms for biofilm formation, dispersal and elimination were reviewed. The data summarized from relevant studies are important to design novel and appropriate biofilm elimination methods for enhancing food safety at any point of food processing lines.
Ultrasensitive Frequency Shifting of Dielectric Mie Resonance near Metallic Substrate

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Dielectric resonators on metallic surface can enhance far-field scattering and boost near-field response having promising applications in nonlinear optics and reflection-type devices. However, the dependence of gap size between dielectric resonator and metallic surface on Mie resonant frequency is complex and desires a comprehensive physical interpretation. Here, we systematically study the effect of metallic substrate on the magnetic dipole (MD) resonant frequency at X-band by placing a high permittivity CaTiO 3 ceramic block on metallic substrate and regulating their gap size. The simulated and experimental results show that there are two physical mechanisms to codetermine the metallic substrate-induced MD frequency. The greatly enhanced electric field pair in the gap and the coupling of MD resonance with its mirror image are decisive for small and large gaps, respectively, making the MD resonant frequency present an exponential blue shift first and then a slight red shift with increasing gap size. Further, we use the two mechanisms to explain different frequency shifting properties of ceramic sphere near metallic substrate. Finally, taking advantage of the sharp frequency shifting to small gaps, the ceramic block is demonstrated to accurately estimate the thickness or permittivity of thin film on metallic substrate through a governing equation derived from the method of symbolic regression. We believe that our study will help to understand the resonant frequency shifting for dielectric particle near metallic substrate and give some prototypes of ultrasensitive detectors.