jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Technology transfer personnel exchange at the Boeing Company

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The objective of the exchange was to transfer Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) technology and expertise in advanced ceramic fabric composites (ACFC) to the Boeing Defense Space Group (Boeing Aerospace). Boeing Aerospace was especially interested in applying PNL-developed ACFC technology to its current and future spacecraft and space missions. Boeing has on-going independent research and development (R D) programs on advanced radiators and heat pipes, therefore, PNL research in ceramic fabric heat pipes was of particular interest to Boeing. Thus, this exchange assisted in the transfer of PNL's ACFC heat pipe technology and other, related research capabilities to private industrial application. The project was proposed as an initial step in building a long-term collaborative relationship between Boeing and PNL that may result in future Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) and/or other types of collaborative efforts.
Influence of Dairy Products on Bioavailability of Zinc from Other Food Products: A Review of Complementarity at a Meal Level

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this paper, we reviewed the role of dairy products in dietary zinc absorption. Dairy products can have a reasonable contribution for dietary zinc intake in Western diets, where dairy consumption is high. However, the co-ingestion of dairy products can also improve zinc absorption from other food products. Such improvements have been observed when dairy products (e.g., milk or yoghurt) were ingested together with food such as rice, tortillas or bread products, all of which are considered to be high-phytate foods with low inherent zinc absorption. For foods low in phytate, the co-ingestion of dairy products did not improve zinc absorption. Improved zinc absorption of zinc from high-phytate foods following co-ingestion with dairy products may be related to the beneficial effects of the citrate and phosphopeptides present in dairy products. Considering that the main dietary zinc sources in areas in the world where zinc deficiency is most prevalent are typically high in phytate, the inclusion of dairy products in meals may be a viable dietary strategy to improve zinc absorption.
Detection of exudates from RGB fundus images using 3σ control method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is characterized by color based pathologies. The fundus camera generates fundus image in RGB color and ophthalmologist analyze that image and mark the pathologies to diagnose level of DR. Early detection of exudates from retinal images can potentially reduces the risk of blindness of people suffering from DR. The aim of the work presented in this paper is to detect the exudates (yellowish fat deposit on the retinal surface) from fundus images in RGB color space, thereby facilitate a realistic diagnosis close to the method adopted by ophthalmologist. A Statistical measure-three sigma is used to compute the color intensity range of exudates pixels. The retinal images are preprocessed to enhance the color intensity and optic disk (OD) is eliminated because, it shares similar features with exudates. The aim and objective of this paper is to detect the exudates from RGB fundus images, the pre-processed images are then classified based on the information extracted from three-sigma control method. The results so obtained are promising and also facilitates the ophthalmologist in diagnosing the disease.
Geographic Distribution ofStrumigenys lanuginosa(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Strumigenys lanuginosa Wheeler is a small, inconspicuous New World ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). After being described in 1905 from two sites in the Bahamas, there were no additional published records of this species for more than 50 years. Reports of S. lanuginosa in 1957 and 1961 from Costa Rica, Mexico, and Panama, however, suggested that this species may be native to Central America. Here, I compiled and mapped published and unpublished S. lanuginosa records from >160 sites. I documented the earliest known records for 16 geographic areas (countries and US states), including five for which I found no previously published records : Belize, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras, Jamaica, and Nicaragua. Strumigenys lanuginosa appears to be native to Central America (where it is known from every country) and possibly northern South America (where it is known from Colombia, Venezuela, and French Guiana). Past researchers proposed that S. lanuginosa populations in the Bahamas and Florida were probably exotic, no doubt based on the large gap between these populations and the species' presumed native range in Central America. The discovery of S. lanuginosa populations in Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Jamaica, however, raises the possibility that S. lanuginosa may have continuous native populations across the Greater Antilles and into Florida and the Bahamas.
Potensi Pengembangan Wisata Berbasis Masyarakat Di Desa Banyuanyar, Boyolali

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to find out how potentially Banyuanyar Village to developed into tourism village. Tourism village is form of implementation community based tourism. A purpose from community based tourism is to encouraged local community so they can be more prosperous. A village can be developed as well to be tourism village if fullfill several criteria tourism development. They are “potential product or potential attraction in destination”, “local community”, “potential of local human resources”, “availability of facilities and infrastructure”, and “ability to create a tourism market”. Based from thos criteria, Banyuanyar village has enough potential to be developed as a tourism village. A strong aspect are found on the tourist attraction. Currently Banyuanyar Village has been visited by tourists but is still limited to the coffee segment. The weakness that still needs to be improved is the ability to create markets. Banyuanyar village is currently still having difficulties in making tour packages, and to determine the right market segment and the right marketing strategy.
THE READER'S AFFECTIVE RESPONSE TO NARRATIVE TEXT

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Any discussion of pragmatics raises all of the critical, highly political field-defining and methodological issues in the recent history of linguistic theory. Or if it doesn't, it should. That history is alternately characterized by unrecognized theoretical assumptions determining the outcomes of empirical research, and theorizing innocent of empirical data. We do not try to correct these meta-theoretical problems here—Levinson (1983), and Leech (1983) summarize them nicely—though we do hope to operate from a consistent theoretical position, suggesting the direction such a correction might take. Some of our guiding questions: • What apparatus (we are reluctant to commit to its nature) do speakers bring to text-forming and text-interpreting situations? The question of pragmatic competence(s). • What is the nature of each of the components of this competence? The question of ontology—rules, conventions, strategies, heuristic procedures, and mutual knowledge: what's what? • What analytical methods and formal representations serve us best?
Rotation of the principal stress directions due to earthquake faulting and its seismological implications

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Earthquake faulting results in stress drop over the rupture area. Because the stress drop is only in the shear stress and there is no or little stress drop in the normal stress on the fault, the principal stress directions must rotate to adapt such a change of the state of stress. Using two constraints, i.e., the normal stress on the fault and the vertical stress (the overburden pressure), which do not change before and after the earthquake, we derive simple expressions for the rotation angle in the σ1 axis. For a dip-slip earthquake, the rotation angle is only a function of the stress-drop ratio (defined as the ratio of the stress drop to the initial shear stress) and the angle between the σ1 axis and the fault plane, but for a strike-slip earthquake the rotation angle is also a function of the stress ratio. Depending on the faulting regimes, the σ1 axis can either rotate toward the direction of fault normal or rotate away from the direction of fault normal. The rotation of the stress field has several important seismological implications. It may play a significant role in the generation of heterogeneous stresses and in the occurrence and distribution of aftershocks. The rotation angle can be used to estimate the stress-drop ratio, which has been a long-lasting topic of debate in seismology.
Liability, Proportionality, and the Number of Aggressors

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Traditionalist Just War theorists and those revisionists (who are not contingent pacifists) agree that most unjust combatants are liable to be killed during war. It seems, moreover, that all those who are liable to be killed may permissibly be killed, for a person’s liability to suffer a harm provides a complete justification for the infliction on him of that harm. Of those unjust combatants who satisfy the conditions of liability to be killed, there therefore seems to be no limit to the number that it can be permissible to kill. Yet this seems implausible in cases in which the goals of the unjust war are modest and the great majority of unjust combatants are at most minimally culpable for their participation in the war. This chapter challenges the prevailing view that there is no proportionality constraint on the number of unjust combatants it can be permissible to kill in war.
Accession Treaties in the EU legal order

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the present thesis, it is argued that (1) the Accession Treaties have been used in accordance with their nature and proclaimed objective: they only brought about limited changes to primary law, proper to the needs of accession and have not introduced any fundamental changes. The numerous and still growing arrangements that depart from the principle of the application of the acquis in toto on accession do not alter this conclusion. (2) The evolution, especially from the 2004 Accession Treaty onwards and predictable for the future Accession Treaties (e.g. with Turkey), shows a tendency of diversification of that legal instrument by (a) adding new and/or reinforced elements of conditionality, protracted from the pre-accession phase to the membership phase, devising new mechanisms of conditionality and control (general and specific safeguard clauses, monitoring and verification mechanisms, membership postponement clause) and thus (b) contributing to a further differentiation in two respects - as among the Member States and with regard to the core acquis. Such differentiation exists already on the basis of the constitutive treaties (“in-built constitutive treaties induced differentiation”) and is accentuated by the Accession Treaties and their transitional arrangements (“Accession Treaties induced differentiation”). Questions of differentiation acquired another dimension with the introduction of the citizenship of the EU. (3) Finally, negotiations with certain candidate countries will show whether additional innovations are to be expected: a) whether future instruments of accession would be used in order to increase the existing level of differentiation (and protract the pre-accession phase logic well into the membership phase) with the conditionality becoming the most important element of the relations within an enlarged EU and thus paradoxically negating the nature of the integration itself, b) whether they will perhaps be used to bring about more important modifications to the treaties, or c) whether they will go as far as to provide a legal basis for permanent derogations with regard to certain new Member States (as explicitly envisaged, for instance, in the negotiating framework for Turkey).
Temporal Context-Specificity in Predictive Learning Produced with Visual, but not Musical, Primes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this study we investigated whether a musical prime would produce a contextspecificity effect in predictive learning. Participants were divided into six conditions of a spy-radio predictive learning task. The six conditions were comprised of a combination of three primes (i.e. visual, music, or both) and two learning phase groups (i.e. retrieve, default). The primes indicated the type of stimulus used to prime the temporal context for the test cue-outcome association. The learning phase groups indicated which temporal context would be primed. In the retrieve group, learning Phase 1 was primed; in the default group learning Phase 2 was primed. The presence of a temporal contextspecificity effect was indicated by lower test predictive judgments for the test cue X in the retrieve group and higher test predictive judgments for this cue in the default group. We hypothesized that all three types of primes would lead to a significant contextspecificity effect. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the context-specificity effect would be strongest in the both prime condition because, with the presentation of both the visual and musical primes, participants would have more information about the learning phase temporal context to inform their test predictive judgment. The results partially supported the first hypothesis as there was a significant context-specificity effect with the visual prime. However, contrary to our hypotheses, we did not obtain a context-specificity effect with the music prime or both prime. Despite the lack of a context-specificity effect in the music prime condition, a relationship between participant musical expertise and predictive judgment suggested that the music did have an effect on context-specificity in predictive learning.
Computed tomography in the staging of gastrointestinal carcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In all areas of the gastrointestinal tract studied to date, CT can detect gastrointestinal neoplasia and accurately delineate both the local and distant extent of disease. Computed tomography can stage both primary and recurrent gastrointestinal neoplasms more accurately than any other method short of surgical exploration. In many cases, CT staging of a gastrointestinal neoplasm has lessened the need for exploratory surgery, reduced hospital stay, and permitted appropriate chemotherapy or radiation therapy to be instituted promptly and effectively. As more experience with CT in staging gastrointestinal neoplasms is accumulated, the value of CT will become more widely acknowledged.
Replication of Saffran, Johnson, Aslin, & Newport (1999) Statistical learning of tone sequences by human infants and adults, Exp. 2

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we describe a replication of Experiment 2from a classic statistical word-segmentation paper by Saffran,Johnson, Aslin, and Newport (1999). This experimentwas part of a larger project to systematically replicateas many experiments involving statistical word learning inadults as possible.
Reverse Engineering Yeast Gene Regulatory Networks using Graphical Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We investigate in this paper reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks from time series microarray data. We propose a dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) modeling and a full Bayesian learning scheme. The proposed DBN models directly the continuous expression levels and also is associated with parameters that indicate the degree as well as the types of regulations. To learn the network from data, we proposed a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) algorithm. The RJMCMC algorithm can provide not only more accurate inference results than the deterministic alternative algorithms but also an estimate on the a posteriori probabilities (APPs) of the network topology. The estimated APPs provide useful information on the confidence of the inferred results and can also be used for efficient Bayesian data integration. The proposed approach was tested on yeast cell cycle microarray data and the results were compared with the KEGG pathway map
Mother's Strategy in Forming Children's Defense in The Use of Gadgets in Digital Era to Form Reliable Children

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The rate of development of digital technology is increasing from time to time to bring a positive impact in all aspects of life. However, it cannot be denied also brings negative impacts. Technology crime is a threat to parents, especially mothers. How not, with all kinds of advanced technological developments, a family, especially mothers, plays the biggest role in escorting their children to become reliable children by forming children's self-defense. As a first and foremost educator, a mother is required to be a smart mother. Therefore, through this paper, the author seeks to initiate a surefire strategy for a mother to form a reliable child. The strategy is in the form of direction, training, assignment, habituation, escort, and role models. This is important for the child's learning process in an effort to instill values and character. Mother is not only required to teach her children to understand the media critically so as not to be consumed by hoaxes, but also to be wise in their use. Related to this, the authors conducted a library study (library research) to realize the strategy. So that it can be a solution for optimizing intelligence and character in the digital age and being able to maintain family institutions as miniature of superior society. Keywords: Strategy; Self defense; Gadget; Digital era
Survey of Insects Pest Stored and Biological Control of Trogoderma Granarium Everts in Setifian Region (North-East of Algeria)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cereal grains are the major source of food for humans and most domesticated animals. In many developing countries like Algeria, overall post-harvest losses of cereals and legums of about 10–15% are fairly common. The study was conducted in Setif high plains in the north east of Algeria. The Setif region is one of the important areas for the production of cereal crops. The objective of this work was to survey the insects pests stored in different stored products in Setifian region. Using different methods: manual samples, traps, and probes have been used to determine the presence of insects and manual inspection, sieving, cracking-floatation and Berlese funnels are used at present to detect insects in grain. We recorded seven species (6 Coleoptera: Trogoderma granarium, Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium confusum, Sitophilus granarius, Tenebrio molitor and 1 Lepidoptera: Ephestia kuehnielle). The relative abundance of the different species was discussed. Trogoderma granarium was the dominant species (82,10%) of insect pests recorded from cereals grains. So, biological control on Trogoderma granarium is described. The stored conditions for these species are also discussed.
The Philosophy of Political History in Oakeshott and Collingwood

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Every political philosopher has a philosophy of political history, if sometimes not a very good one. Oakeshott and Collingwood are two twentieth century political philosophers who were particularly concerned with the significance of history for political philosophy; and who both, in the 1940s, sketched what I call philosophies of political history: that is, systematic schemes which could make sense of the entire history of political philosophy. In this article I observe that Oakeshott depended for the political threefold sketched in his Introduction to Hobbes’s Leviathan on a threefold Collingwood had developed in relation to science in The Idea of Nature . This is, I think, a novel observation. I contrast this political threefold with Collingwood’s own political threefold in The New Leviathan . I then consider the neglect of these schemes, along with the rare attempts to defend such philosophies of history in the writings of Greenleaf and Boucher. My own claim is that these philosophies of political history are exemplary: and that the threefold is, for obvious Hegelian reasons, a still useful form for this sort of reflection. Political philosophy is likely to improve the more it takes the philosophy of political history seriously.
The effect of a growing tumor and its removal on the cytotoxicity of macrophages from cultured bone marrow cells.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Previous investigations by us have demonstrated that there is a significant but transient (4 to 14 days) increase of colony-forming cells (CFC) in bone marrow following implanation of a syngeneic mammary tumor in C3H mice. Those CFC gave rise to enhanced macrophage colony production when cultured in semisolid medium. The present studies have for the first time demonstrated that macrophages from the colonies were cytotoxic to cells from the immunizing tumor, and they continued to possess that characteristic for as long as a tumor was present in the animal from which bone marrow was derived. By 21 days after tumor removal cytotoxicity was no longer evident. The findings provide evidence to suggest that the cytotoxicity displayed by the macrophage originates in its ancestral CFC or in the antecedent stem cell. They also suggest that receptor sites of the CFC (or stem cell) that respond to a stimulus for self-replication are probably different from those sites that, when activated, result in cytotoxic properties of their progeny. The present findings also indicate not only that quantitation of macrophage production is of relevance in determining the efficacy of a therapeutic regimen but also that knowledge concerning the specific properties, i.e., ctytotoxicity, of such cells is of equal or greater importance.
Effects of changing environmental rules: Kitsault molybdenum mine, Canada

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Kitsault mine was reopened briefly in 1981–82, after prior operations in 1967–72. Initial oceanographic assessments showed that a submarine tailings disposal (STD) system similar to that at Island Copper Mine would function to produce a tailings density current that would deposit on the fjord bed. There was substantial community interest and action during the final years of the development at a time when new pollution controls were being developed in Canada. The STD system essentially met its design criteria, but new oceanographic instrumentation at the time showed some contribution of tailings at the outfall discharge point to a naturally present mid‐water turbidity layer. The first intensive postclosure monitoring of ecosystem rehabilitation following STD use anywhere in the world was undertaken between 1983 and 1989. Soon after closure in 1983, pore waters in the submerged deposited tailings were observed to be enriched in molybdenum, which must have supported an efflux of the metal to the overlying water. The indicated flux would have been too small to have had a measureable effect on the Mo inventory in the deep waters and, furthermore, was predicted to diminish with time. The only detected biological impact was on the fiord benthos in the deposition area. Although benthos were present in the tailings deposits by 1983, there were differences between the tailings and nontailings areas. Some differences remained in 1986 and 1989. Great variability of the benthos in the reference area paralleled that in the tailings area.