jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A prospective randomized control study on intracuff alkalized lignocaine reduces sedative/analgesic requirements for mechanically ventilated patients in a tertiary care hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES:
This study is to investigate the effect of intracuff alkalised Lignocaine in reducing the requirement of analgesia in post-operative patients requiring ventilator
support and also to analyse patient-ventilator interaction.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This prospective randomised control study was conducted at the Institute of Anaesthesiology, Madras Medical College, Chennai. The study population included fifty patients. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups Group A and Group B.
Group A (Intervention group) were administered intracuff alkalised Lignocaine (4% Lignocaine + 8.4% Sodium bicarbonate). Group B (Control group) were administered intracuff normal saline. All fifty patients were given Fentanyl infusion in a dose of 75μg/hr. The total requirement of fentanyl (25μg) bolus dose, when the
patients Behavioural pain Scale was ≥5 was calculated during the first 24 hours.
RESULTS:
The requirement of Fentanyl bolus dose in patients with intracuff Lignocaine was less than that of the control group who were administered intracuff normal saline.
The frequency of cough and ineffective trigger was lower in patients with intracuff alkalised Lignocaine compared to patients with intracuff normal saline.
CONCLUSION:
This study has documented significant reduction in the requirement of analgesia in patients with intrauff alkalised Lignocaine and also decreased frequency of ineffective trigger which implies better endotracheal tube tolerance and patient compliance.
In vitro enhanced accumulation of polyphenols during somatic embryogenesis in Plantago ovata Forsk

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plantago ovata Forsk (common isabgul) is much known for its medicinal importance. It is a potential source of bioactive compounds like polyphenols which serve as natural antioxidant having an ability to quench cytotoxic free radicals that are preventive to many diseases. In present investigation, the accumulation of polyphenolic compounds was studied during in vitro somatic embryogenesis in Plantago ovata. Calli of three different developmental stages during somatic embryogenesis were selected for this purpose and total polyphenol content was determined spectrophotometrically using FolinCiocalteu reagent. The embryogenic calli were found to contain highest level of polyphenolics. Further, the effect of exogenous additives like casein hydrolysate and coconut water on the accumulation of total polyphenol was also included into the study. 42 days old calli were treated with different concentrations of casein hydrolysate (1 gL-1, 2 gL-1, 3 gL-1) and coconut water (5%, 10%, 15%) and used for total polyphenol content determination. 2 gL1 casein hydrolysate and 5% coconut water produced the best result. So the study shows a greater promise in advancing the use of Plantago ovata for producing phenolic compounds in a larger scale.
Screening and identification of irregular antibodies in blood donation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The antibody screening of 26,527 blood donors at Songklanagarind Hospital was analyzed. The saline technique found 265 samples were positive, accounting for identification of irregular antibodies in the positive sample was studied by panel cell. Anti-Lea, anti-Leb, anti-Lea+b, anti-Mia, anti-P1, anti-E and anti-c were detected in 111, 55, 72, 4, 13, 2 and 1 samples respectively. Confirmation of the results was obtained by red cell typing, which used an in-house antibody prepared from donated plasma with a known antibody. The known antibody plasma was stock in aliqouts at -20 oC for red cell typing. Antibody identification in donated blood is very useful for patients. The in-house antibody reduced the hospital cost because commercial antibodies are very expensive, about 1,000 baht/ml.
IDENTIFIKASI RESPON PESERTA DIDIK TERHADAP VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA BERBASIS STEM PADA MATERI MOMENTUM DAN IMPULS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to identify students' needs for learning media in the form of physics learning videos that are needed and needed by students, especially on momentum and impulse material. This research is a quantitative study with a sample of class XI students at SMA Negeri 3 Muaro Jambi who have studied the momentum and impulse material and the research population, namely all students at SMA Negeri 3 Muaro Jambi. The research data was obtained from filling out the students' needs questionnaire results sheet for the required learning media. The results of filling out the students' needs questionnaire sheet show that in learning physics they have not used learning media in the teaching and learning process, so that learning is not conveyed in detail, both in terms of material and visualization, and students need learning media that is able to explain learning material in detail, and provide solutions in explaining learning material.
Mapping the global landscape of task shifting and sharing: trends, geographic disparities, and terminology from 1970 to 2022

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Task shifting and sharing (TS/S) are strategies for redistributing healthcare services among providers, popular in settings facing workforce crunches. A comprehensive mapping of global TS/S research remains lacking despite widespread implementation. Theory: We apply bibliographic techniques to map where TS/S has been prioritised, revealing patterns that inform implementation science and future strategies. Methods: We searched five databases, Medline, CINAHL Plus, Elsevier, Global Health, and Google Scholar, in October 2022 to analyse 2,072 articles (found between 1970 and 2022), based on relevance to TS/S and geographical representation. We extracted data on countries where studies were conducted, the terminology describing TS/S, and the study’s focus. Results: TS/S research concentrates on African and South Asian countries, led by South Africa (n = 201), India (n = 130), Uganda (n = 109), Kenya (n = 106), and Malawi (n = 86). Publications increased dramatically after 2006–2008, coinciding with key WHO reports. ‘Task shifting’ was the predominant descriptor (66.0%), followed by ‘task sharing’ (24.0%), ‘task delegation’ (6.0%), and ‘task shifting and sharing’. HIV (n = 450) and depression (n = 375) were the most studied conditions, while 42.5% of articles focused on broader systems and policy issues rather than specific diseases. Discussion: Geographic disparities, language inconsistencies, and disease-specific applications suggest the need for targeted implementation in underrepresented regions, terminology standardisation, and expanded applications. Addressing these can optimise implementation strategies, enhancing outcomes.
Detection and count of Salmonella enterica in pork meat products

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A direct plating technique for the enumeration S. enterica in 90 pig meat samples was evaluated in comparison with a three tube-MPN procedure. For the detection of S. enterica the ISO 6597:2002 method was employed. Pork samples were collected at retail level in northern Italy. A total of 15 (16.7%) Salmonella positive samples were detected. By the use of the MPN method, S. enterica was countable m 12 (80.0%) samples, while the direct count gave positive results in two (13.3%) samples only The ISO 6597.2002 method identified 12 (80 %) contaminated samples out of 15. The enumeration levels of S. enterica ranged from 0.03 MPN/g to > 110 MPN/g by the MPN method, and from 10 CFU/g to 180 CFU/g by direct plating. Seven Salmonella serovars were detected. S. Typhimurium, S. Derby, S. Give, S. Rissen, S. Livingstone, S. Brandenburg and S. London, with S. Typhimurium and S. Derby as the predominant ones.
New Catalysts for the Conversion of Isocyanates to Carbodiimides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Catalysts for the Conversion of Isocyanates to CarbodiimidesElizabeth Dyer and Robert E. ReadCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 11, 4677–4678Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01069a504https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01069a504research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Composted manure and straw amendments in wheat of a rice–wheat rotation system alter weed richness and abundance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In a rice ( Oryza sativ a L.)–wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) rotation system, a study was conducted to determine the effects of different fertilization regimens (no fertilization, replacement of a portion of chemical fertilizer with composted pig manure, chemical fertilizer only, and straw return combined with chemical fertilizer) on the weed communities and wheat yields after 4 and 5 yr. The impact of the long-term recurrent fertilization regimen initiated in 2010 on the composition and diversity of weed communities and the impact of the components and total amount of fertilizer on wheat yields were assessed in 2014 and 2015. Totals of 19 and 16 weed species were identified in experimental wheat fields in 2014 and 2015, respectively, but the occurrence of weed species varied according to the fertilization regimen. American sloughgrass [ Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald], water starwort [ Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench], and lyrate hemistepta ( Hemistepta lyrata Bunge.) were adapted to all fertilization treatments and were the dominant weed species in the experimental wheat fields. The greatest number of weed species were observed under the no-fertilization treatment, in which 40% of the weed community was composed of broadleaf weeds and the lowest wheat yields were obtained. With fertilizer application, the number of weed species was reduced, the height of weeds increased significantly, the density of broadleaf weeds was significantly reduced, the biodiversity indices of weed communities decreased significantly, and higher wheat yields were obtained. Only the chemical fertilizer plus composted pig manure treatment and the chemical fertilizer–only treatment increased the density of grassy weeds and the total weed community density. The treatment with chemical fertilizer only also resulted in the highest density of B. syzigachne . Rice straw return combined with chemical fertilizer yielded the lowest total weed density, which suggests that it inhibited occurrence of weeds. The different fertilizer regimens not only affected the weed species composition, distribution, and diversity, but also the weed density. Our study provides new information from a rice–wheat rotation system on the relationship between soil amendments and agricultural weed infestation.
Dendrocalamus longivaginatus(Poaceae, Bambusoideae), A New Species from Vietnam

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new species of Dendrocalamus Nees (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), D. longivaginatus N. H. Xia, V. T. Nguyen & V. L. Le, is illustrated and described from Phu Tho, Vietnam. This species is known only from the northern provinces of Vietnam: Phu Tho, Yen Bai, and Ha Giang. It is morphologically similar to D. brandisii (Munro) Kurz, a widely distributed bamboo from Thailand, Myanmar, China, and Vietnam, but differs by the ligules of the culm sheath, which are irregularly fimbriate, slightly concave, and 7–9 mm, and by the pseudo-spikelets, which are (5–)13–16 mm with lemmas 9–11.5 mm.
A BIDIRECTIONAL 3-INPUT DC-DC CONVERTER FOR ELECTRICAL VEHICLES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a bidirectional multi-input converter having 3 inputs for electric vehicles is investigated. In order to respond high power need of an electric vehicle during acceleration, the studied converter has the capability of transferring source energies to the output simultaneously by allowing active control of their power levels. It also enables energy transfer between sources to store redundant power or so as to avoid undercharge and overcharge conditions. Moreover, thanks to its bidirectional operation capability, it is also possible to store regenerative braking energy to input sources while keeping energy flow between these sources possible. After giving the deep analysis of the converter operation modes, the converter is simulated through a switching model in order to verify the analysis
Role of Migratory Birds in Introduction and Range Expansion of Ixodes scapularis Ticks and of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Canada

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT During the spring in 2005 and 2006, 39,095 northward-migrating land birds were captured at 12 bird observatories in eastern Canada to investigate the role of migratory birds in northward range expansion of Lyme borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and their tick vector, Ixodes scapularis . The prevalence of birds carrying I. scapularis ticks (mostly nymphs) was 0.35% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30 to 0.42), but a nested study by experienced observers suggested a more realistic infestation prevalence of 2.2% (95% CI = 1.18 to 3.73). The mean infestation intensity was 1.66 per bird. Overall, 15.4% of I. scapularis nymphs (95% CI = 10.7 to 20.9) were PCR positive for Borrelia burgdorferi , but only 8% (95% CI = 3.8 to 15.1) were positive when excluding nymphs collected at Long Point, Ontario, where B. burgdorferi is endemic. A wide range of ospC and rrs - rrl intergenic spacer alleles of B. burgdorferi were identified in infected ticks, including those associated with disseminated Lyme disease and alleles that are rare in the northeastern United States. Overall, 0.4% (95% CI = 0.03 to 0.41) of I. scapularis nymphs were PCR positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum . We estimate that migratory birds disperse 50 million to 175 million I. scapularis ticks across Canada each spring, implicating migratory birds as possibly significant in I. scapularis range expansion in Canada. However, infrequent larvae and the low infection prevalence in ticks carried by the birds raise questions as to how B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum become endemic in any tick populations established by bird-transported ticks.
ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE FOR THE ACCURACY OF BIOGRAPHICAL DATA: LONG‐TERM RETEST AND OBSERVER RATINGS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although the predictive validity of biographical information has been extensively documented in a variety of environments, the extent to which responses to a biodata questionnaire are accurate has not been adequately investigated. In particular, the accuracy of unverifi‐able biodata items has not been determined. Evidence of accuracy was obtained in the present study using a test‐retest design and informed external observers for verification. Responses were obtained from 237 study participants and 200 observers. Factor and item re‐test correlations were obtained for subject and observer data, and responses were compared using product‐moment correlations and t tests. Results provide evidence that many responses to a biodata questionnaire are accurate. Sources of inaccuracy were assessed, including the impact of social desirability, and applications of the findings to industrial uses of biodata were noted.
Incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with no evidence of disease at baseline: Results of a prospective cohort study with up to 6.4 years of follow‐up from India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among HIV‐infected women who did not have any colposcopic or histopathological evidence of CIN at baseline. Of the 1,023 women without any CIN at baseline, 855 (83.6%) have been followed up to a maximum of 6.4 years contributing 2,875 person years of observation (PYO). Among these 855 women, 54 cases of any CIN were observed resulting in incidence rate of any CIN of 1.9 per 100 PYO. The median time for follow‐up for women with any CIN was 3.0 (IQR 1.6–3.7) years. The cumulative incidence rate per 100 PYO of CIN 2 or worse lesion in women with HPV‐18 infection at baseline was 13.3% (95% CI 5.1–26.8); in women with HPV‐16 infection was 10.8% (95% CI 4.4–20.9); in women with HPV‐31 infection was 4.2% (95% CI 0.9–11.7); and in women with other high‐risk HPV infections was 5.4% (95% CI 2.6–9.7). HPV‐18 infection at baseline contributed highest frequency of incident CIN 2 or worse lesions followed by HPV‐16 infection; however, other high‐risk HPV types were also responsible for substantial number of incident CIN. The elevated risk of CIN2+ disease in the study cohort was non‐significant in women with CD4 count <200, possibly because of the small number of cases. Our results emphasize the need for regular cervical cancer screening of HIV‐infected women and urgent implementation of cervical cancer screening services in HIV programs in India and other low and middle‐income countries.
BiOCl:Er3+ Nanosheets with Tunable Thickness for Photon Avalanche Phosphors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Efficient high-order upconversion/downconversion photon avalanche (PA) luminescence of Er3+ ions was observed from hydrothermally synthesized Er3+-doped BiOCl nanosheets excited at 980 nm. Accompanied by declining threshold power, significant enhancements of the emission intensity and cycle numbers of PA luminescence were achieved simultaneously by decreasing the thickness of the nanosheets. Comparable experiments indicated that modification of the PA process is mainly correlated with the scale-dependent internal electric fields (IEFs) as well as the multiphoton band transition of BiOCl nanosheets. The results of this work pave the way to renewing the construction conditions for rare-earth-doped PA nanophosphors.
Evaluating Additionality of an Innovation Subsidy Program Targeted at SMEs: An Exploratory Study

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the effectiveness of a recently introduced innovation subsidy program targeted at SMEs in Croatia. Three aspects of program additionality were evaluated: input, output and behavioral aspects. Both qualitative and survey research was employed, and four case studies with selected recipient companies were conducted. This study is a response to the policy-makers’ need for early program assessment. It attempts to show that even with early evaluation and small population of recipients it is possible to gain insight into program effectiveness. The analysis suggests that the effects of programs targeted at innovative SMEs might need to be evaluated differently than general subsidies. This is especially evident in the evaluation of input additionality. The analysis indicates that SMEs which started with a higher R&D capability tend to increase R&D intensity while participating in the program. The program raised R&D and innovation capability of the participating SMEs, but commercialization of project results remains a concern.
STUDY OF VARIOUS PARAMETERS INFLUENCING THE TREATMENT OF SILICON PARTICLES IN A R.F. PLASMA FLOW

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The reactive evaporation phenomenon of a silicon particle treated by a RF thermal plasma torch results from two phase changes (Solid→Liquid→ Vapour) and from chemical reactions at high temperatures.
The aim of this experimental study is to follow on-line the mass transfer between silicon particles and plasma during a thermal R.F. plasma treatment. The gas temperature surrounding the particles during their trajectories in the jet is well known, by two modelling approaches, as well as the gas velocity VG. The different chemical compositions and gas flows are controlled and composed of pure Ar or Ar+H2. The technique used (Laser Doppler Metrology) gives the velocity of the particles VPart., which allows the calculation of their residence time (τ) in a high temperature gradient plasma.
/ This paper is focused on the fitting between experimental data and two models which allows the evaluation of the thermal plasma treatment Activity (A). Both brings complementary arguments which explain the chemical and thermal history of the particles during their treatment.
Evaluation of In-vitro Anticoagulation Activity of 33 Different Medicinal Herbs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

한방 생약재로부터 안전하면서도 신규의 항혈전제를 개발하기 위해, 현재 국내에서 유통되고 있는 국내 및 국외산 한방 생약재 33종을 대상으로 40종의 에탄올 추출물을 조제하고, 이들의 thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)을 평가하였다. 생약재중 중국산은 28종으로 대부분이 국외산이었으며, 부위별로는 종자 및 뿌리 부위가 19종을 차지하였다. 평균 수분함량은 $6.85{\pm}2.26%$, 평균 추출율은 $5.27{\pm}4.25%$를 나타내었다. 조제된 시료의 TT평가 결과, 사인(중국), 고본, 팔각향, 계지, 당삼, 계혈등, 행인, 오배자, 괄루근 및 포황에서 우수한 트롬빈 저해활성을 확인하였으며, 다양한 농도에서 평가 결과 계혈등, 행인, 팔각향, 계지, 오배자 추출물 순으로 트롬빈 저해능이 강력함을 확인하였다. PT 평가 결과 오배자, 계혈등, 행인에서, aPTT 평가결과 오배자 및 계혈등에서 우수한 항혈전능을 확인하였다. 한편 추출물의 인간적혈구 용혈활성을 평가한 결과, 계혈등, 팔각향, 계지, 오배자 추출물은 $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서도 용혈활성이 없음을 확인하여 이들 4종을 최종 선정하였다. 본 연구결과는 이미 대량생산이 확립된 한방생약제로부터 우수한 항혈전제 개발이 가능함을 제시하고 있으며, 트롬빈 및 혈장 응고 인자에 대한 특이 저해제 개발이 가능함을 제시하고 있다. This study was carried out to develop safe and novel anticoagulation agents from oriental medicinal herbs. From 33 medicinal herbs, 40 different ethanol extracts were prepared according to place of origin or extraction parts, and anticoagulation activities were evaluated by determination of thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). The average water content and average extraction ratio for the medicinal herbs were $6.85{\pm}2.26%$ and $5.27{\pm}4.25%$, respectively. Evaluation of TT at various concentrations of the extract led to the selection of Mucuna birdwoodiana, Prunus armeniaca, Cacalia ainsliaeiflora, Cinnamonum aromaticum, and Rhus javanica Linneas potent antithrombosis medicinal herbs. Evaluation of PT and aPTT showed that the extracts of R.javanica Linne, M. birdwoodiana, and P. armeniaca have strong anticoagulation activities. Determination of hemolytic activities of 40 different ethanol extracts against human red blood cells, however, showed that only M. birdwoodiana, C. ainsliaeiflora, C. aromaticum, and R. javanica Linnehas strong anticoagulation activity without hemolytic activity at a concentration of 500 mg/ml. Our results suggest that oriental medicinal herbs, which are under a mass-production system, have potentialas a safe and novel source of anticoagulants, as well being a thrombin-specific and coagulation factor-specific inhibitor.