jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A comparison of sampling methods for airborne fungal spores during an outbreak of aspergillosis in the forest aviary of the North Carolina Zoological Park.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

An outbreak of aspergillosis with the death of six birds in the North Carolina Zoological Park R. J. Reynolds Forest Aviary in the spring of 1993 led to an investigation of the concentration of Aspergillus fumigatus spores in the air. No Aspergillus sp. was found in the facility through use of the drop plate method (gravitometric sampling) along with swab-sampling of selected surfaces within the exhibit and plating of food samples and nesting material onto petri dishes of nutrient media. A number factors that could stress the avian population were identified. These included excessive heat in the upper portion of the aviary due to the failure of an air handling system, a malfunctioning cooling tower, and large numbers of visitors to the facility (an average of 3,500/day). In addition, the outbreak occurred during a period of increased nesting behavior. Sampling of the fungal population of the air was conducted 1 year later, when no disease was noted, to compare the sensitivity of the commonly used drop plate method (open plates of nutrient media) with a volumetric impaction method (Andersen N-6 Air Sampler). The volumetric method delivered quantitative as well as qualitative data and exhibited more sensitivity for fungal spores of size similar to those of Aspergillus sp.
Functionality and disease severity in spinocerebellar ataxias

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background: Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by deterioration of balance and functionality that tends to follow disease progression. There is no established link between formal clinical markers for severity and functional/balance scores that could guide rehabilitation teams. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between functional scales and ataxia severity in order to identify cutoff landmarks for functional loss and estimate the mean SARA (Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia) score for the risk ratings for falls on the BBS (Berg Balance Scale). Methods: Consecutive patients with a molecular diagnosis of SCA (total 89: 31 with SCA2 and 58 with SCA3) were assessed for functionality FIM-ADL (Functional Independence Measure-activities of daily living and Lawton-IADL (instrumental activities of daily living), balance (BBS) and disease severity (SARA). Results: The main disability cutoff landmarks were that the need for supervision for FIM-ADL starts with 12 points on SARA and the need for supervision for Lawton-IADL starts with 14 points on SARA. The first items to require assistance were “expression” and “shopping”, respectively. At 20 points on SARA, patients were dependent on all FIM and Lawton items. The item with the greatest impact on distinguishing dependents from independents was “means of transport” in Lawton-IADL and the domain “locomotion” in FIM-ADL. The mean SARA score for patients classified as low risk in the BBS was 9.9 points, and it was 17.4 for medium risk and 25.2 for high risk. Conclusions: Analysis on the correlation between the severity of ataxia and functional scales can form an important guide for understanding the progression of functional dependence among individuals with SCAs.
Seasonal Variation in Bee-Plant Interactions in an Inselberg in the Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies on bee-plant interactions are relevant to the understanding of temporal patterns in neotropical communities. In isolated habitats such as inselbergs little is yet known about the temporal dynamics in the availability of fl oral resources and interacting bee. In the present study, the objective is to verify the eff ect of seasonality on the bee-plant interaction in an Atlantic Forest inselberg in southeastern Brazil. The bees were sampled monthly in the dry (April/2008-September/2008) and wet seasons (October/2008-March/2009) using an entomological net. A total of 322 bees of 33 species were captured on fl owers of 34 species of plants during the year. Bees richness was similar between seasons (22 species in the wet season and 21 in the dry season), but abundance was higher in the wet season (60% of individuals) and higher diversity occurred in the dry season. Augochloropsis sp1 were the most abundant species and visited the largest number of plant species at each season. In the interaction network, plants with the highest degree were distinct between the seasons. The number of possible interactions was higher in the dry season compared to the wet season and connectance was similar; nestedness however varied between the seasons. The composition of plant and bees species was distinct between the seasons, as well as the interactions between them, mainly due to the alteration in the composition of the plant species and the change in the choice of the bees for the floral resources between the seasons.
[Evaluation of the value of intraarticular Hyalgan injections for treatment of knee joint osteoarthritis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The efficacy of Hyalgan has been assessed in a series of 96 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee of various stage. Subjective and objective findings were recorded during four weeks of Hyalgan administration and during 6 months following. Marked improvement was observed in patients with low to medium degree of degenerative changes. Those with advanced osteoarthritis seem to benefit little if any from Hyalgan.
Predicting Moisture-Dependent Resilient Modulus of Cohesive Soils Using Soil Suction Concept

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The resilient modulus of the materials used in various pavement layers has been used extensively as an important material property in structural design of pavement. The state of stress and moisture content of cohesive soils have been observed to exert significant effects on the measured resilient modulus. Since the moisture content in the cohesive subgrade soils underneath the pavement undergoes seasonal changes due to infiltration of precipitations and since characterization of moisture and stress dependent resilient modulus of cohesive soils is a demanding and tedious task, there is a practical need for a predictive equation for the resilient modulus as a function of stress states and moisture content. This paper presents a new predictive equation for the resilient modulus of cohesive soils using the concept of soil suction. The accuracy of the proposed model is validated against experimental data of A-4 and A-6 soils conducted by the writers as well as by other data available in the literature. The proposed model provides advantages over the existing predictive equations by reducing the number of tests and soil specimens needed for determining the regression coefficients in the equation. The proposed predictive equation compares well with the empirical equation in the new mechanistic empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG) in predicting the effect of moisture content variation on the resilient modulus. The proposed model provides an advantage over the MEPDG empirical equation in taking into account the effects of both the stress state and moisture content on the resilient modulus of cohesive soils.
Molecular and gene expression-based predictors of response to preoperative chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since the introduction of systemic adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) and endocrine therapy in the early 1970s, the determination of risk of recurrence and death from breast cancer became a critical piece of information in the selection of the optimal postoperative treatment strategy.Classical histopathological prognostic factors included tumor size, regional lymph node metastases and number of axillary nodes involved, tumor grade, presence of lymphovascular invasion, and, more recently, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor status, measurement of proliferative activity (S-phase fraction, mitotic index, Ki-67), and HER2 overexpression/amplification.As isolated factors, they have limited predictive ability in the case of individual patients.For that reason, prognostic indices were developed.The most successful is Adjuvant!Online, an online nomogram developed by Peter Ravdin.This nomogram incorporates tumor size, axillary nodal status, tumor grade, ER status, age and comorbidity.The nomogram will provide an assessment of recurrence and mortality rates at 10 years, including deaths due to comorbid conditions.In addition, the nomogram also calculates relative and absolute benefit from various adjuvant interventions: tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, and first-generation, secondgeneration and third-generation ACT regimens.The prognostic and predictive value of this nomogram has been externally validated, with a margin of error ≤1%.Over the past decade, high-throughput technologies have been developed based on gene expression profiling.These include between two and a couple of hundred genes, and have the ability to separate patients with excellent outcomes from those with higher risk.One of these prognostic profiles has been externally validated and is currently undergoing testing for clinical utility in a large, multicenter, prospective randomized trial (MINDACT).Another approach was based on prospectively identifying a set of genes from the literature and from the results of gene expression profiling.Mathematical modeling then led to the selection of 16 genes related to cell proliferation, ER-driven genes, HER2 and proteases, as well as five 'housekeeping' genes (OncotypeDx).This assay is based on RT-PCR, is reproducible and applicable to archival, paraffin-embedded material, and has been shown to predict prognosis in patients with lymph-nodenegative, ER-positive primary breast cancer.Further testing indicated that the assay might also predict sensitivity to tamoxifen, or firstgeneration adjuvant chemotherapy.This assay is also under evaluation for clinical utility in a large, multicenter, prospective randomized trial (TailoRx).Whether these multigene predictors of prognosis will have greater utility than Adjuvant!Online remains to be determined.In the meantime, exploratory analyses are ongoing to identify reliable predictors of response to individual drugs and modern combination drug regimens.These are expected to lead to individualized selection of treatment, or personalized medicine.
THE ASSOCIATION OF ATROPHIC GASTRITIS WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM; A PRELIMINARY REPORT OF 11 CASES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Article1 November 1942THE ASSOCIATION OF ATROPHIC GASTRITIS WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM; A PRELIMINARY REPORT OF 11 CASESFRANK C. GOLDING, A.B., M.D.FRANK C. GOLDING, A.B., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-17-5-828 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is well recognized that anemia and hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria are frequently present in patients having hypothyroidism or myxedema.1 Gastroscopy has demonstrated that atrophy of the gastric mucosa is also frequently associated with anemia and hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria.2This frequent occurrence of anemia and hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria in both hypothyroidism and atrophic gastritis led me to believe that it would be worth while to study a series of hypothyroid or myxedematous patients to determine whether or not there is a significantly high percentage of gastric atrophy present in these conditions.Herein are reported a series of 11 cases of hypothyroidism...Bibliography1. MEANS JH: The thyroid and its diseases, 1937, J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, pp. 217, 218, 253. Google Scholar2. SCHINDLER R: Gastroscopy, 1937, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 202, 203, 204, 205, 206. Google Scholar3. BASSLER A: Three cases of masked hypothyroidism having abdominal symptoms, Endocrinology, 1940, xxvi, 218-220. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. DU BOIS EF: Basal metabolism in health and disease, Third Edition, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 389, 390, 391. Google Scholar5. HERTOGHE E: Thyroid insufficiency, Practitioner, 1915, xciv, 28-36. Google Scholar6. MANSFIELD G: La glande thyroide et l'anemie pernicieuse, Presse méd., Paris, 1938, xlvi, 993, 994. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Denver, Colorado*Received for publication November 15, 1941.From the Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHypogastrinemia in hypothyroidismEffect of endocrine glands on function of the gastrointestinal tractThe Gastric Mucosa in Diabetes MellitusPhysiology and treatment of myxedemaThe Relationship of Gastric Motility to Abdominal Pain in Hypothyroidism: A Preliminary Report 1 November 1942Volume 17, Issue 5Page: 828-834KeywordsAchlorhydriaAnemiaAtrophyGastric mucosaGastritisGastroenterology and hepatologyHypothyroidism ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1942 PDF downloadLoading ...
Bearing fault diagnosis based on improved ensemble learning and deep belief network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The collected bearing signals are easily interfered by strong ambient noise due to complex operating conditions. It's a challenge to identify faults accurately and to reduce dependence on model hyper-parameters for intelligent diagnostic methods. This paper proposes an improved ensemble method based on deep belief network (DBN) for fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. Firstly, a series of DBNs with different hyper-parameters are constructed and trained. Secondly, the improved ensemble method is used to acquire the weights matrix for each DBN. Finally, each DBN votes together in accordance with its respective weight matrix to get the final diagnosis result. This method is applied to rolling bearing data from Case Western Reserve University. Experiments show that the effect of fault diagnosis is significantly improved because the feature learning ability of different DBNs is fully taken advantage of.
ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE BY STUDENTS WITH EMPHASIS ON EXAMS IN THE ONLINE ENVIRONMENT

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many universities worldwide have implemented online learning and teaching systems, enabling their students to continue learning and their staff to continue working. At the same time, with such an upgrade, they are expanding their reach to international markets and new student populations. To be equally competitive in international markets puts developing countries under enormous pressure to apply appropriate combinations of technologies and digital solutions to their learning and curriculum approaches and consequently improve and innovate their learning and knowledge transfer experiences. That process requires the implementation of modern information and communication technologies to enhance student access in today's mobile work environment. However, the immediate success of such an upgrade requires a comprehensive understanding of the process of technology acceptance by students learning and taking exams. Therefore, this paper researches the perception of students trying to successfully adopt e-learning systems and identifies important factors that would contribute to the successful use of e-learning systems at the School of Economics and Business at the University of Sarajevo.The research results will enrich the understanding of student acceptance of e-learning technologies, help their continuous implementation in higher education institutions, and support the wider academic community and teaching staff to create new teaching and examination methods.
An accelerated alternating directional method with non-monotone technique for matrix recovery

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

<abstract><p>Low-rank and sparse structures have been frequently exploited in matrix recovery and robust PCA problems. In this paper, we develop an alternating directional method and its variant equipped with the non-monotone search procedure for solving a non-convex optimization model of low-rank and sparse matrix recovery problems, where the concerned matrix with incomplete data is separable into a low-rank part and a sparse part. The main idea is to use the alternating minimization method for the low-rank matrix part, and to use the non-monotone line search technique for the sparse matrix part to iteratively update, respectively. To some extent, the non-monotone strategy relaxes the single-step descent into a multi-step descent and then greatly improves the performance of the alternating directional method. Theoretically, we prove the global convergence of the two proposed algorithms under some mild conditions. Finally, the comparison of numerical experiments shows that the alternate directional method with non-monotone technique is more effective than the original monotone method and the previous method. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated by solving some instances of random incomplete matrix recovery problems and some problems of the background modeling in video processing.</p></abstract>
Accountable Leadership

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Leadership demands in American public schools have changed dramatically in the past 20 years. Whether–or how–the practice of leadership will change to meet those demands is an open question. The change in demands is largely a consequence of the introduction of performance-based accountability—policies that evaluate, reward, and sanction schools on the basis of measured student performance. While the merits of these policies are debatable, the fact that they have changed—probably fundamentally—the demands placed on school leaders is not.
Analisis Kebijakan Fiskal terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Fiscal policy is one of the main instruments used by the government to manage the economy. This research aims to analyze the fiscal policy on economic growth in Indonesia, focusing on domestic tax revenue, foreign tax revenue, and export taxes. The method used in this research is multiple linear regression. The data utilized consists of time series data from 2010-2023, sourced from official institutions such as the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that, simultaneously, domestic tax revenue, foreign tax revenue, and export taxes have a significant impact on economic growth in Indonesia. Meanwhile, on a partial basis, it shows that tax revenue has a positive and significant effect, non-tax revenue has a positive but insignificant effect, and export taxes have a negative and insignificant effect on economic growth in Indonesia.
Effective passivation of Si surfaces by plasma deposited SiOx/a-SiNx:H stacks

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Very low surface recombination velocities &lt;6 and &lt;11 cm/s were obtained for SiOx/a-SiNx:H stacks synthesized by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on low resistivity n- and p-type c-Si, respectively. The stacks induced a constant effective lifetime under low illumination, comparable to Al2O3 on p-type Si. Compared to single layer a-SiNx:H, a lower positive fixed charge density was revealed by second-harmonic generation measurements, while field-effect passivation was absent for a reference stack comprising thermally grown SiO2. The results indicate that hydrogenation of interface states played a key role in the passivation and remained effective up to annealing temperatures &gt;800 °C.
General electives in civil engineering, computer science and social science

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There have been numerous calls to broaden the education of engineers and thus prepare them to serve society with an awareness of and sensitivity to the cultural, political, economic and social dimensions of their work [1]. This paper will present the experience at University College Dublin (UCD) in providing a broader education through the provision of non-programme electives for their students. In 2005, UCD introduced the Horizons initiative that resulted in the development of fully modularised, semesterised and credit-based degree programmes [2]. One of the key features of the initiative was the introduction of an element of elective choice for students in the first three years of their undergraduate studies. In each year, students can select two modules out of the twelve modules they take from any programme across the University. The proposed paper will examine the impact of the Horizons initiative on three disciplines in University College Dublin, namely, Civil Engineering, Computer Science and Social Science. Examination of the data shows that 72% of Civil Engineering students, 47% of Computer Science students and 16% of Social Science students avail of the opportunity to study modules outside their programme areas of study Few non-Civil Engineering students (5%) avail of electives offered by the programme, while in the case of Computer Science a significantly greater number (46%) avail of the opportunity to study Computer Science electives and the popularity of Social modules to non-programme students ranged from 6% to 27%, depending upon the module on offer.
Evaluation of t(14;18)(q32;q21) and BCL2 protein and their prognostic role in follicular lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Previous reports have suggested the significant association of t(14;18) (q32;q21) and follicular lymphoma (FL).However, little information is available in the literature on the relationship between BCL2 protein, BCL2 gene status in FL and the patient outcomes.Also, understanding of IGH/BCL2 molecular rearrangement using real time PCR (RT-PCR), in follicular lymphoma in relation to survival might provide a more accurate and rational method of risk stratification to guide treatment and might suggest new therapeutic approaches as well.Methods: This study evaluated the relative frequency of t(14;18) by RT-PCR and its apoptosis-related BCL2 protein expression by an immunohistochemical assay (IHC) in fifty FL cases in tissues.In addition, we evaluated the relation of BCL2 protein expression to the translocation, together with the relation of both t(14;18) and BCL2 protein expression to the clinico-pathological features and survival data including progression free survival (PFS); and overall survival (OS) in order to evaluate their prognostic role in FL. Results & conclusion:There was a significant association of the t(14;18) with BCL2 protein expression, grading of FL, and the OS.In addition, there was a significant association of BCL2 protein expression with the grading of FL, OS, International Prognostic Index (IPI) score and performance status.However no significant association of t(14;18) or BCL2 protein expression with the other clinico-pathological features, and PFS..
China Trade Expansion: A Case Study of Vietnam

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Vietnam encountered the unexpected trade deficit with China in the recent years. Upon establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community on December 31st, 2015, the import tax rates of the regional countries have been reduced significantly. This facilitates the quality goods from the ASEAN countries overflowing into Vietnam. Nevertheless, a few research and analysis on the challenge of importing goods from China under the regional economic integration. To settle these issues, this paper analyzes the China‘s market expansion into Vietnam. In addition, it also compares the Vietnam’s import structure from China and other countries in ASEAN. The results showed that China is always the top export partner of Vietnam, particularly, machinery and raw materials.