jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Erasure recovery in predictive coding environments using multiple description coding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose an algorithm for erasure recovery in predictive coding schemes, where erasures can cause catastrophic error propagation. The recovery algorithm is based on sending multiple descriptions of the source and using a deterministic distance measure to find the most likely estimate for the lost data, given the received data and the side information. Results show that we can recover from short burst erasures and that for long bursts (more than 10% of the samples are lost) we can recover to within 0.4 dB of the original DPCM performance.
Face detection using large margin classifiers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Large margin classifiers have demonstrated their advantages in many visual learning tasks, and have attracted much attention in vision and image processing communities. We apply and compare two large margin classifiers, support vector machines and sparse network of winnows, to detect faces in still gray scale images Furthermore, we study the theoretical frameworks of these classifiers and analyze the empirical results. Experiments on a test set of 24,045 images exhibit good generalization and robustness, and conform to theoretical analysis.
Social Media Communication Among Military Spouses: Review of Research and Recommendations for Moving Forward

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A literature review was conducted on online social networking among military spouses. The unique experiences of military spouses are described, followed by a review of the growth of online social networking. Although minimal research has been conducted with military samples, civilian research has found that social media is largely used to foster social interactions; further, social media has distinct advantages and potential challenges. Social media can function to either connect people or isolate them; it can also promote well-being or cause distress. Best practices are offered to further research and utilization of social media among military spouses.
Chitosan/Alginate-loaded astragalus hamosus shows ameliorating effects on lipid profile, inflammatory and hormonal parameters, and reduces mirna-222 expression in polycystic ovary syndrome rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
On sets of orthogonal exponentials on the disk

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We show that if $A$ is a set of mutually orthogonal exponentials with respect to the unit disk then $|A \cap [-R, R]^2| \lesssim_\varepsilon R^{3/5+\varepsilon}$ holds. This improves the previous bound of $R^{2/3}$ by Iosevich--Kolountzakis. The main new ingredient in the proof is a discretized version of Marstrand's slicing theorem.
Teaching children to use visual research methods

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

I am the principal of a government primary school attended by 450 children and situated in the western suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia. The school began in 1878 in a three-roomed building with the headmaster living in the adjacent cottage. In the 130 years since that small beginning, the school claims a proud history of outstanding academic, cultural and sporting achievement and is well known for its provision of quality education for deaf and hearing-impaired children.
Industrial robot applications and individual migration decision: evidence from households in China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract The integration of industrial robot application (IRA) into various sectors has catalyzed significant transformations in the labor market, reshaping the dynamics of individual migration decision (IMD). As industries increasingly adopt automation, the implications for workforce distribution and migration patterns become critical areas of study. Based on the conditional logit model and using CMDS data, this paper explores the relationship between IRA and IMD, as well as the heterogeneity effect and influencing mechanism. The findings indicate that IRA reduces the probability of the floating population choosing the city, and the results are robust after considering endogeneity and further robustness test. The impact of IRA on IMD is heterogeneous. Relatively speaking, the floating population with high education levels, health, younger, unmarried, female, agricultural household registration, state-owned enterprises, and non-routine task work does not over-think the impact of IRA during the migration process. In addition, the floating population also considers geographical location, city size, marketization level, wage level, and environmental quality when making migration decisions. the mechanism test shows that IRA attracts or suppresses the floating population through factors such as wage levels, housing price level, difficulty in finding a job, etc., depending on the result of individual utility maximization. These insights reveal the complex interplay between technological advancements in robotics and labor migration, emphasizing the need for comprehensive policy frameworks to manage these transformations effectively.
Towards Understanding Interactive Debugging

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Debugging is a laborious activity in which developers spend lot of time navigating through code, looking for starting points, and stepping through statements. Yet, although debuggers exist for 40 years now, there have been few research studies to understand this important and laborious activity. Indeed, to perform such a study, researchers need detailed information about the different steps of the interactive debugging process. In this paper, to help research studies on debugging and, thus, help improving our understanding of how developers debug systems using debuggers, we present the Swarm Debug Infrastructure (SDI), with which practitioners and researchers can collect and share data about developers' interactive debugging activities. We assess the effectiveness of the SDI through an experiment that aims to understand how developers apply interactive debugging on five true faults found in JabRef, toggling breakpoints and stepping code. Our study involved five freelancers and two student developers performing 19 bug location sessions. We collect videos recording and data about 6 hours of effective debugging activities. The data includes 110 breakpoints and near 7,000 invocations. We process the collected videos and data to answer five research questions showing that (1) there is no correlation between the number of invocations (respectively the number of breakpoints toggled) during a debugging session and the time spent on the debugging task, ρ = -0.039 (respectively 0.093). We also observed that (2) developers follow different debugging patterns and (3) there is no relation between numbers of breakpoints and expertise. However, (4) there is a strong negative correlation between time of the first breakpoint (ρ = -0.637), and the time spent on the task, suggesting that when developers toggle breakpoints carefully, they complete tasks faster than developers who toggle breakpoints too quickly. We conclude that the SDI allows collecting and sharing debugging data that can provide interesting insights about interactive debugging activities. We discuss some implications for tool developers and future debuggers.
Comparative Analysis of Microcontrollers in Wearable Devices for Real-Time Arrhythmia Classification: An Embedded Machine Learning Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In Bangladesh, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant health challenge, where the cost of treatment is a major barrier to widespread healthcare access. This study addresses this issue by focusing on wearable device-based arrhythmia pre-detection to reduce diagnostic costs. Designing such wearable devices requires choosing the best microcontroller unit (MCU) for real-time data gathering and inference. In this study, a motherboard prototype is developed to facilitate the comparative analysis of commonly available MCUs in Bangladesh: nRF52840, Raspberry Pi RP2040, STM32F446RE, and ESP32. Evaluating MCU performance parameters using a shallow neural network trained on locally obtained datasets reveals insightful findings. The nRF52840 stands out for its minimal power consumption, averaging 33.46 m W, making it an energy -efficient choice. The STM32F446RE demonstrates the fastest execution time, processing in an impressive 125 ms. Moreover, considering pricing factors, the nRF52840 offers a moderate cost option. This research not only aids in selecting the most suitable M CU for wearable devices but also provides a comprehensive understanding of the trade-offs involved. Findings enable the design of wearables balancing performance, power efficiency, and affordability, thereby enhancing accessible and cost-effective healthcare options for addressing cardiovascular disease challenges in remote and economically constrained environments like Bangladesh.
Epidemiology of road traffic injuries among children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Of all the unintentional injuries among children, about 38% are from children's road traffic injuries (RTIs). This denotes 16.5% of mortality among children out of the global mortality for due to RTIs with fatal outcomes. As children grow older the predominant type of their injuries changes. Children aged among 5-19 are more likely to be injured on roads. They are mainly victims of the adults' faults. Many children do not just use the streets for school journeys or as pedestrians. They also use them as a meeting place with friends and as a playground. In many inner city areas, there are few safe places for children to play. Most parents judge the outdoor places where their children play as safe. Child casualties are lower in the winter months and highest in the summer months. This may be because longer daylight hours in these months combined with better weather, gives children extra hours to play outside the home. Rates of road traffic injuries are higher in older children, boys and more economically deprived children. There are some of explanations for these variations, for instance variations in risk exposure, maturity, environmental hazards and children's behaviour regarding these variations in other age groups and other situations. There are still many unanswered questions about children's injuries. For example we do not know parents' judgements about their outdoor environment. Are parents well-enough informed? The role of children's play patterns on risk of accidental injuries has not been studied, and the level of independent outdoor activities in children is not clear. What are children's main risky outdoor activities? And are children able to recognise these activities as risky? Do answers to the above questions vary by age, sex and deprivation? And if so, can these variations explain injury rate differences in different ages, sexes and socio-economic groups? It can be concluded that the epidemiological pattern of children's RTIs is completely different from adults. Children are more vulnerable on roads and these could be resulted from different exposure to risk, their risk perception, amount of parents supervision, variation of their growth and developments ant their behavioural and play pattern. Considering of children's particular needs is essential on road safety. It is their definite right to live in a safe environment and it is the adults' responsibility to provide such an environment for them. Department of Epidemiology, Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , hsoori@yahoo.com Language: en
Insufficient astrocyte-derived BDNF contributes to propofol-induced neuron death through Akt/GSK3&#946;/mitochondrial fission pathway

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Goal of Study: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation lead essentially to undesirable hemodynamic changes, which most anesthesiologists have attenuated by pharmaceutical intervention such as opioid and non-opioid analgesics. Intravenous oxycodone also can be used for this purpose, but it has different effective dose according to gender as well as age. However, there are no references on the optimal dose to attenuate these hemodynamic changes. Therefore, we investigated the half maximal effective dose (ED50) of intravenous oxycodone to blunt the hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation by the Dixonu00b4s up-and-down method in male patients.Materials and methods: After institutional review board approval, thirty three male patients, aged between 20 and 65 years, were finally enrolled. First patients were slowly injected with intravenous oxycodone 0.1 mg/kg 20 minutes before anesthesia. The induction of anesthesia and neuromuscular block was started with propofol and rocuronium. And then, 2 minutes later, endotracheal intubation was performed. The dose of intravenous oxycodone for each subsequent patient was determined by the response of the previous patient by the Dixonu00b4s up-and-down method (DUDM) with an interval of 0.01 mg/kg according to the degree of hemodynamics changes with 20% limitation 1 min after intubation. The ED50 of intravenous oxycodone was determined by using Dixon up-and-down method which calculating the mean of midpoint dose of all independent pairs of patients who manifested crossover from u201cresponseu201d to u201cno responseu201d after eight crossover points. Probit regression model was used to calculate dose response curve and confidence intervals and estimated ED50 and ED95 were calculated. Results and discussion: TheED50of intravenous oxycodone was 0.074 u00b1 0.008 mg/kg in male patients by DUDM. From probit regression model, the ED50 and ED95 of intravenous oxycodone were 0.069 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.06-0.077] and 0.091 (CI, 0.077-0.129) mg/kg in male patients, respectively.Conclusion(s): The intravenous oxycodone showed the narrow preventive dosage for blunting hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation, and the additional study will be needed to confirm the actual blunting effect of hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation using the ED50 and ED95 of intravenous oxycodone.
Stacked Lateral Thigh Perforator Flap as a Novel Option for Autologous Breast Reconstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Autologous breast reconstruction using perforator flaps offers excellent outcomes, minimizes donor-site morbidity, and allows for precise donor-site selection. The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator, profunda artery perforator, and gluteal artery perforator flaps along with the stacked flap technique are the most common options. This study reports the first series of the stacked lateral thigh perforator flap. Methods: A retrospective review of all stacked lateral thigh perforator flaps done by a single group of surgeons was performed. Demographics, flap weights, complications, indications, and surgical technique were tabulated for each patient. Results: Eight female patients with a history of breast cancer underwent delayed unilateral breast reconstruction with stacked lateral thigh perforator flaps for a total of 16 flaps. Mean patient age, body mass index, flap weight, and stacked flap weight were 47.3 years, 26.2 kg/m 2 , 333.1 g, and 666.1 g, respectively. Microsurgical revascularization was completed in anterograde and retrograde fashion to the internal mammary vasculature. Flap survival was 100 percent and one subsequent flap revision was performed. Two patients developed a seroma at the donor site. Indications included insufficient abdominal tissue, prominent lateral thigh lipodystrophy, prior abdominal surgery, and failed prior abdominally based autologous reconstruction. Conclusions: This series demonstrates that the lateral thigh perforator flap is a reliable and effective option for a stacked breast reconstruction. Its ease of harvest (stemming from reliable anatomy), straightforward dissection, and intraoperative positioning make it an appealing flap option. The stacked lateral thigh perforator flap allows the reconstructive surgeon to tailor breast reconstruction to the patient, focusing on body habitus and minimizing morbidity. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.
The English Clergy and Their Organization in the Later Middle Ages. By A. Hamilton Thompson, Sometime Professor of History, University of Leeds, Honorary Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. [The Ford Lectures for 1933.] (Oxford: At the Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press. 1947. Pp. xv, 327. $5.50.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The English Clergy and Their Organization in the Later Middle Ages. By A. Hamilton Thompson, Sometime Professor of History, University of Leeds, Honorary Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. [The Ford Lectures for 1933.] (Oxford: At the Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press. 1947. Pp. xv, 327. $5.50.) Get access The English Clergy and Their Organization in the Later Middle Ages. By Thompson A. Hamilton, Sometime Professor of History, University of Leeds, Honorary Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. [The Ford Lectures for 1933.] (Oxford: At the Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press. 1947. Pp. xv, 327. $5.50). Alfred H. Sweet Alfred H. Sweet Washington and Jefferson College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 54, Issue 1, October 1948, Pages 113–114, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/54.1.113 Published: 01 October 1948
Natural and Anthropogenic Influences on High Arctic Aerosol

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Arctic is a harbinger of global change, and is warming at a rate twice the global average. While Arctic warming is driven by increased greenhouse gases, short-lived climate forcers such as tropospheric ozone and aerosol are important drivers of Arctic climate. Aerosol impacts on Arctic climate are insufficiently understood, largely owing to poor constraints on the physical and chemical processes controlling aerosol. This thesis presents observations of sub-micron aerosol in Arctic summer and spring, which capture different regimes of the Arctic aerosol seasonal cycle. Aircraft-based observations of aerosol physical and chemical properties address various aspects of Arctic aerosol sources, removal and chemical processing.\nUnder chronic Arctic Haze conditions in spring, we observed evidence for vertical variations in both aerosol sources and removal mechanisms. We show evidence for sources of partially neutralized aerosol with higher organic aerosol (OA) and black carbon content in the mid-troposphere and sources of acidic sulfate in the lower troposphere. With support from model calculations, we demonstrate that mid-tropospheric air influences the Arctic Boundary Layer (ABL) on ~1-week time scales. We observed evidence for aerosol depletion relative to carbon monoxide, both in the mid-to-upper troposphere and within the ABL. Dry deposition, with low removal efficiency, contributed to aerosol removal in the ABL while precipitation scavenging contributed to efficient aerosol removal during transport at higher altitudes. \nUnder clean Arctic background conditions in summer, we observed evidence for marine influenced secondary OA formation. We demonstrated a relationship between methansulfonic acid and OA with the residence time of air over open water. Sea salt aerosol was externally mixed from a larger number fraction of OA, sulfate and amine-containing particles. High OA fractions coincided with elevated cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, suggesting a role for secondary OA formation in growing particles to CCN-active sizes. A case study of aerosol growth over open water supports these observations.\nThis work contributes to our understanding of aerosol vertical variability and its connection to observations made at the surface in Arctic spring and, to our understanding of aerosol sources and composition in Arctic summer.
Synthesis and Maganetic Susceptibility of Dimeric Copper(II) Acetate Adducts with Triphenylphosphine or Triphenylphosphine Oxide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Two compounds of stoichiometry Cu(CH3COO)2·L (L=triphenylphosphine or triphenylphosphine oxide) were prepared. These compounds display the antiferromagnetic behavior typical of dimeric copper(II) carboxylates. The singlet-triplet splitting energy is 371 cm−1 for the phosphine adduct and 319 cm−1 for the phosphine oxide adduct.
Rhythms of Life

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

It is widely recognized that the birth of modern science dates to the moment when Galileo first timed physical processes taking place in space. In biology, it is only recently that scientists have felt the need for experimental and mathematical methods describing the development of living organisms in terms of dynamic processes. When we analyze the development of self-replicators, we see that they develop their characteristic patterns and self-similarity through processes that resemble a set of oscillators, operating on different time scales. The periodic behavior of these large scale processes and the relations between them both depend on information processing and on local activity. The end result is the steadily increasing complexity we observe in all biological development processes. Physiological rhythms are essential to the life of the organism. Some are maintained for its whole life and even a brief interruption signifies death. Others only operate for short periods of time - some under the control of the organism, some not.
Lithology of the Limestones at Legrand, Iowa

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The results of studies of thin-sections, insoluble residues, and dolomite-calcite ratios of the limestones at LeGrand, Iowa, are presented graphically. Though the section studied at LeGrand consists entirely of limestone and dolomite, with associated cherts, there seems to be a five-fold cyclic repetition of beds.
Epigenetic and experimental modifications in early mammalian development: Part I: Mitochondria: potential roles in embryogenesis and nucleocytoplasmic transfer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This review examines current understanding of mammalian mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA in the light of new reproductive technologies. Mitochondria are central to ageing, apoptosis, metabolism and many diseases. They are controlled by a dual genome system, with cooperation between endogenous mitochondrial genes and mitochondrial genes translocated to the nucleus over the course of evolution. This translocation has been accompanied by extreme compression of the mitochondrial genome, with little tolerance for mutations or heteroplasmy (multiple genomes). The highly compact mitochondrial genome appears to be maintained by a stringent numerical bottleneck in embryogenesis and oogenesis, followed by clonal expansion from a highly selected subset of precursor molecules. The dual nature of control between nucleus and cytoplasm sets up potential conflicts, which are normally resolved by natural selection. Such potentially opposing interests and mechanisms are probably partly to blame for the poor rates of success in cloning animals by nuclear transfer. The ability to construct cell systems and animal embryos with novel combinations and permutations of nuclear and cytoplasmic genes will provide powerful tools for examining these fundamental biological questions. Clinically, attempts to 'rescue' abnormal human oocytes or embryos by cytoplasmic transfer risk complex and unpredictable outcomes emerging from disharmonious nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions.