jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Internal Reserves of Cities: A New Approach to Assessing the Transformation of Urban Space under the Influence of Brownfields

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The disadvantage of the traditional approach to territorial planning of the past years is associated with an underestimation of the essence and multifaceted social brownfields and their importance in the sustainable development of urban areas in post-industrial society. The prospects for the development of the inner space of the city and the quality of life of people largely depend on the presence of brownfields since most of the brownfields can have a negative impact on the environment. This is especially noticeable in large cities and agglomerations. In this paper, we analyze the spatial distribution of brownfields in the largest agglomeration of Russia, comparing their prospects for redevelopment with the analysis of 10 dominant criteria of local priority affecting the transformation of the urban area. The article discusses in detail the reasons for making decisions about the nature of the impact of brownfields and the priority tasks of their elimination: the environmental situation and the economic interests of stakeholders. The study shows that the practice of making decisions on the liquidation of brownfields largely depends on their inclusion in the state register of objects of accumulated environmental damage, which makes it possible to accumulate environmental damage in the near future. However, the entry of accumulated environmental damage into the state register of objects is (1) a practiced procedure because it implies co-financing of the brownfield liquidation project by the federal authorities and (2) an insufficiently objective procedure for assessing the impact (lack of local priority criteria). Based on the conducted research, we believe that the elimination or urbanization of brownfields should be based on the analysis of local priorities in the transformation of urban areas (different from the criteria of modern practice of introducing the state register of brownfields), including the features of the territorial organization of public space, ecological and geographical environment, and public opinion.
Hypothyroidism in pregnancy: feto-maternal complications at the Townsville Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Aims: Untreated hypothyroidism in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of feto-maternal complications including premature birth, low birth weight, gestational hypertension and miscarriage (1,2). However, there is insufficient data on pregnancy outcome in adequately treated hypothyroidism in pregnancy. The aim of the study was to assess feto-maternal complications in hypothyroid pregnant women at the Townsville Hospital. \n \nMethod: We collected data by the retrospective chart audit of all the hypothyroid patients who attended the high-risk pregnancy clinic at the Townsville Hospital from 1st January to 31st December 2013. Only patients who were adequately treated with thyroxine and maintained TSH target of < 2.5 mIU/L with regular follow up in the clinic were included in the study. \n \nResults: In all 73 hypothyroid patients were reviewed. 52 were previously diagnosed while 21 were diagnosed to have hypothyroidism during the pregnancy period. Mean age in both groups were similar . Interestingly higher feto-maternal complications were observed in newly diagnosed hypothyroid subjects compared with previously diagnosed hypothyroid patients 25 out of 52- 48%and 14 out of 21- 66.7% respectively X2 = 7.13; p = 0.008. These complications occurred in spite of the adequate thyroxine replacement. \n \nConclusion: We report higher adverse pregnancy outcome in adequately treated newly diagnosed hypothyroid mothers. Our finding suggests early pre-pregnancy screening for hypothyroidism may lead to reduction in feto-maternal complications in the high risk subjects. Further prospective studies on a larger population are needed to verify our findings.
Laser ignition of combustion engines for clean vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A great deal of effort has been made on the laser ignitions for an ideal combustion engine. Unfortunately, it seems to be limited as a basic issue because the conventional highly brightness giant pulse solid-sate lasers are not suitable for vehicle mobile applications. Recent “Micro Solid-State Photonics”, which includes the field of transparent laser ceramics with controlled micro-domain structure, is making an impact in the development of high-brightness microchip solid-state lasers. In our passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG microchip laser, the output energy of 3 mJ per pulse was obtained with the optical-to-optical efficiency of 19 %. The brightness of the sub-ns and diffraction limit pulse microchip laser was calculated to be &gt;0.3 PW/sr-cm2 and the optical power intensity of &gt;5 TW/cm2 was estimated at the focal point. By the sophisticated laser operation of a five-pulse train, a 100 %-ignition was successfully demonstrated in a lean mixture of an A/F 17.2, where spark plug ignition failed. Finally, ignition tests for a real vehicle engine were performed. These kinds ceramic microchip lasers should be desirable, compact, and reliable laser sources as “Giant Micro-Photonics” for clean vehicles engine directly. Even if for the electric vehicles, the potential advantages of the electric power generations (cogeneration, nuclear system, and so on) will contribute the clean systems in future.
DRIP – Data Rich, Information Poor: A Concise Synopsis of Data Mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As production of data is exponentially growing with a drastically lower cost, the importance of data mining required to extract and discover valuable information is becoming more paramount. To be functional in any business or industry, data must be capable of supporting sound decision-making and plausible prediction. The purpose of this paper is concisely but broadly to provide a synopsis of the technology and theory of data mining, providing an enhanced comprehension of the methods by which massive data can be transferred into meaningful information.
Improved Design and Comparison of a Low Power CNTFET based on D Flip-Flop

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs) are auspicious nanoscale devices for realizing high performance with very thick and low power circuits. In this paper, different parameters of CNTFET from previous works have been studied and analyzed. Then, leakage current and leakage power of the proposed D flip-flop were compared with different reference circuits. The main goal is to improve, develop and design a CNTFET based D flip-flop. CNTFET's leakage current and leakage power consumption reduced drastically by decreasing diameter of CNT and number of CNT used in the CNTFET, which affected overall CNTFET's power consumption obviously. The proposed D flip-flop exhibited exquisite performance in case of leakage power consumption, having an average of 10.306 nW only, which is extremely low compared to the contemporary circuits. The chosen thickness of oxide and CNT's length for all the CNTFETs are 5 nm and 16 nm respectively. These CNTFETs are based on the results gathered from so that not only they can act as a D flip-flop correctly but also total power consumption of the device would be reduced as much as possible.
Effects Of Exergaming On College Students’ Energy Expenditure, Physical Activity, And Enjoyment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: Exergaming has been widely used as an innovative approach for improving physiological and psychological outcomes in various populations, including college students. This study evaluated the effects of exergaming on college students’ energy expenditure (EE), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and enjoyment as compared to traditional treadmill exercise, while also examining gender effects on these outcomes. METHODS: Sixty college students (30 female; X[Combining Overline]age=23.6 years, SDage= 4.1; 39 non-Hispanic white) completed three separate 20-minute exercise sessions on Xbox 360 Kinect Just Dance, Xbox 360 Kinect Reflex Ridge, and treadmill walking (4.0 mph) in a highly controlled lab. EE, MVPA, and LPA were assessed by ActiGraph accelerometers while RPE was assessed every four minutes. Enjoyment was assessed via an established scale following each session. Repeated-measures ANOVAs assessed gender effects on all outcomes across three exercise sessions. RESULTS: Results revealed significant overall differences on all outcomes among the three activities (all p< 0.01). Follow-up analyses indicated treadmill walking resulted in significantly higher METs and MVPA (p< 0.01), yet lower LPA (p< 0.01), compared to the two exergaming sessions. Notably, significantly higher METs (p< 0.01) but lower MVPA (p< 0.01) were seen for Reflex Ridge versus Just Dance. Further, participants’ RPE was higher during treadmill walking than during exergaming (p< 0.01) while exergaming elicited significantly higher enjoyment (p< 0.01) over treadmill walking, indicating exergames appeal to participants. Finally, a significant activity by gender interaction was seen for RPE (p< 0.01) while females engaged in marginally significantly higher LPA (p= 0.06) and experienced greater enjoyment (p< 0.01) than males. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with previous studies, findings suggest that playing Kinect-based exergaming has not yet reached the moderate intensity level of fast treadmill walking. Nonetheless, exergaming may increase perceived enjoyment among college students versus treadmill exercise which may improve exercise adherence. More study on eliciting greater physiological stimulation during exergaming among college students is needed.
Nonthermal effects on the resonant instability of the dust-acoustic wave in a semi-bounded Lorentzian dusty plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The nonthermal effects on the resonant instability of the surface dust-acoustic wave are investigated in a semi-bounded Lorentzian dusty plasma containing elongated rotating dust grains. It is found that the nonthermal effects reduce the frequency domain and enhance the growth rate of the resonant instability for the case of positively charged dust grains. For negatively charged dust grains, however, the nonthermal effects on the frequency domain and the growth rate are found to be negligible. It is also found that the growth rates of the resonant instabilities in nonthermal plasmas would be greater than those in thermal plasmas.
Photodynamic Therapy in Vulvar Dystrophy Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this article, the authors analyzed and systematized the main aspects of the treatment of vulvar dystrophic diseases (VDD). The traditional methods of treatment of this pathology are surgical intervention and non-surgical methods (high-intensity laser radiation, laser CO2 coagulation, vaporization with radiation intensity of more than 1000 W/cm2 of treatment, chemotherapy and immune-modulatory therapy). Despite the effectiveness of these methods, their main deficiency is the high incidence of local recurrence of the disease (from 17% to 48%). The authors present the PDT method as an alternative, organ-preserving and highly effective therapeutic option. Most studies are devoted to the use of 5-ALA and chlorin-based photosensitizers in the treatment of VDD. The authors studied in detail the world experience of PDT for VDD, analyzed and systematized the results of treatment, advantages and disadvantages of the method.
Variations in the microstructure of saline ice during its growth and decay: Evidences from an experimental study

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Ice physics are highly sensitive to the ice temperature and are primarily determined by the distribution of inclusions such as gas bubbles and brine pockets within ice. However, a detailed understanding of their distributions and evolution patterns during ice freezing and melting is lacking. To address this issue, in situ experiments were conducted to collect detailed information on the variations in the microstructure of ice using continuous sampling and a high-resolution imaging system. The results revealed a 5- to 10-fold increase in the volume fraction and a 2-fold increase in the size of gas bubbles during the melting phase of ice. Moreover, the size of brine pockets in the ice surface, middle, and bottom layers clearly increased for different reasons. The nearly 30 % increase in gas bubbles observed in the middle layer was thermally driven, while the increase in the surface layer was influenced by the net shortwave radiation. Additionally, the variation in the inclusion size distribution was attributed to the merging process, most of which occurred among smaller inclusions rather than among larger inclusions. The changing ice temperature is a significant factor in the merging process of the middle layer but not for the surface or bottom layers. This study could enhance the understanding of the effect of the transfer of energy between the atmosphere and water beneath ice on the ice microstructure.
Cancer immunogenomic approach to neoantigen discovery in a checkpoint blockade responsive murine model of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are an ideal immunotherapy target due to their high mutation burden and frequent infiltration with lymphocytes. Preclinical models to investigate targeted and combination therapies as well as defining biomarkers to guide treatment represent an important need in the field. Immunogenomics approaches have illuminated the role of mutation-derived tumor neoantigens as potential biomarkers of response to checkpoint blockade as well as representing therapeutic vaccines. Here, we aimed to define a platform for checkpoint and other immunotherapy studies using syngeneic HNSCC cell line models (MOC2 and MOC22), and evaluated the association between mutation burden, predicted neoantigen landscape, infiltrating T cell populations and responsiveness of tumors to anti-PD1 therapy. We defined dramatic hematopoietic cell transcriptomic alterations in the MOC22 anti-PD1 responsive model in both tumor and draining lymph nodes. Using a cancer immunogenomics pipeline and validation with ELISPOT and tetramer analysis, we identified the H-2Kb-restricted ICAM1P315L (mICAM1) as a neoantigen in MOC22. Finally, we demonstrated that mICAM1 vaccination was able to protect against MOC22 tumor development defining mICAM1 as a bona fide neoantigen. Together these data define a pre-clinical HNSCC model system that provides a foundation for future investigations into combination and novel therapeutics.
RTHP-01. DOES THE EFFICACY OF SALVAGE RE-IRRADIATION IN RECURRENT MEDULLOBLASTOMA DEPEND UPON RISK-STRATIFICATION, SITE OF RELAPSE, AND MOLECULAR SUBGROUP?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: To report outcomes of salvage re-irradiation in the multi-modality management of recurrent medulloblastoma. METHODS: Medical records of all patients with recurrent medulloblastoma treated with curative-intent re-irradiation at a single institution were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 24 patients (median age of 14 years) were included. Median time to recurrence was 38 months (range 15–99 months). Of 13 patients with SHH subgroup medulloblastoma, 11 (85%) developed local recurrence while 5 of 7 (71%) group 4 patients developed focal recurrence outside the tumor bed. Neuraxial dissemination was seen in 2 patients each of SHH and group 4, while the lone patient with WNT-pathway experienced leptomeningeal dissemination. Molecular subgrouping was not known in 3 patients. Re-irradiation was focal in 58%, extended-field in 17%, and craniospinal re-irradiation in 25% patients. Median interval from primary course of irradiation was 49 months (range 24–98 months) and median cumulative biologically effective dose (BED) was 117 Gy (range 78–132 Gy). All patients received platinum-based salvage chemotherapy either before or after re-irradiation. At a median follow-up of 16.5 months, the 2-year post-re-irradiation progression-free survival and overall survival was 45% and 61% respectively. Patients with average-risk medulloblastoma at initial diagnosis fared better than high-risk disease, while site of relapse, and molecular subgrouping did not impact upon outcomes after re-irradiation. Two of 16 failures were in-field of re-irradiation indicating excellent local control. One patient developed symptomatic radiation necrosis. CONCLUSION: Re-irradiation provides excellent local control and encouraging survival outcomes with acceptable toxicity in carefully selected patients with recurrent medulloblastoma.
Pareidolia in Neuroendocrinology: A Pituitary Macroadenoma Resembling “Big Bird”

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Context: Pareidolia is the imagined perception of a pattern, where it does not actually exist, as faces. Case Description: A 49-year-old woman presented with a pituitary macroadenoma with supra- and parasellar expansion containing two hypodense areas and one hyperintense area. On the T1W magnetic resonance imaging picture, this macroadenoma closely resembled a famous character from a children's television series. Conclusion: The imaging-phenotype in this case demonstrates that pareidolia can also be observed in neuroendocrinology and neuroradiology.
Gender Patterns in Indonesian: A Corpus Study of Personal Pronoun References “Ia” and “Dia”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Indonesian is a language that does not have a grammatical gender feature, and this absence extends to the third-person singular pronouns. In English and many European languages, there are distinct second-person for addressing genders: male and female. The grammatical structure of Indonesian remains unchanged despite temporal shifts and the absence of gender-specific distinctions. The official Indonesian dictionary (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia or KBBI) does not designate ia and dia with explicit gender distinctions, such as masculine and feminine. This research aims to discuss the masculine and feminine contextual patterns of the pronouns ia and dia within the Indonesian Corpus (Korpus Bahasa Indonesia or KOIN). The study used a dataset comprising 121.098 tokens selected from literature, national, and social categories. Identifying gender patterns in using the second-person pronouns gets the research focus on the data of 19.697 concordances of the word ia and 10.031 concordances of dia. The findings indicate that dia has a reasonably equal association with both genders, but the word ia prefers feminine references more. It clarifies the nuances of gender expression in Indonesian and explains how linguistic decisions communicate gender information.
Towards Scalable, Cloud Based, Confidential Data Stream Processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Increasing data availability, velocity, variability, and size have lead to the development of new data processing paradigms that offer users different ways to process and manage data specific to their needs. One such paradigm is data stream processing, as managed by Data Stream Processing Systems (DSPS). In contrast to traditional database management systems wherein data is stationary and queries are transient, in stream processing systems, data is transient and queries are stationary (that is, continuous and long running). In such systems, users are expecting to process temporal data, where data is only considered for some period of time, and discarded after. Often, as with many other software applications, those who employ such systems will outsource computation to third party computation platforms such as Amazon, IBM, or Google. The use of third parties not only outsources computation, but it outsources hardware and software maintenance costs as well, relieving the user from having to incur these costs themselves. Moreover, when a user outsources their DSPS, they often have some service level agreement that places guarantees on service availability and uptime. \n \n Given the above benefits to outsourcing computation, it is clearly desirable for a user to outsource their DSPS computation. Such outsourcing, however, may violate the privacy constraints of the those who provide the data stream. Specifically, they may not wish to share their plaintext data with a third-party that they may not trust. This leads to an interesting dichotomy between the desire of the user to outsource as much of their computation as possible and the desire of the data stream providers to keep their data private and avoid leaking data to a third-party system. Current work that explores linking the two poles of this dichotomy either limits the expressiveness of supported queries, requires the data provider to trust the third-party systems, or incurs computational or monetary overheads prohibitive for the querier. \n \n In this dissertation, we explore the methods for shrinking the gap between the poles of this dichotomy and overcome the limitation of the state-of-the art systems by providing data providers and queriers with efficient access control enforcement on untrusted third party systems over encrypted data. Specifically, we introduce our system PolyStream for executing queries on encrypted data using computation-enabling encryption, with an online key management system. We further introduce Sanctuary to provide computation on any data on third-party systems using trusted hardware. Finally we introduce Shoal, our query optimizer that considers the heterogeneous nature of streaming systems at optimization time to improve query performance when access controls are enforced on the streaming data. Through the union of the contributions of this dissertation, we show that considering access controls at optimization time can lead to better utilization, performance, and protection for streaming data.
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor as a Possible Novel Immunotherapy Target in Myeloma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a possible association between exposure to environmental aromatic hydrocarbons and the development of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM). These aromatic hydrocarbons bind the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) expressed by plasma cells that seem to promote development and survival of malignant cells. Our group recently demonstrated that antagonism of AHR decreases viability of MM cells while increasing MM cell susceptibility to immune-mediated cytotoxicity whereas AHR antagonism enhances normal lymphocyte development and function. AHR may represent a novel therapeutic target in MM.
Continuum perturbation field in quiescent ambience: Common foundation of flows and acoustics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Here, the perturbation equation for a dissipative medium is derived from the first principles for the linearized compressible Navier–Stokes equation without Stokes' hypothesis. Dispersion relations of this generic governing equation are obtained, which exhibits both the dispersive and dissipative nature of perturbations traveling in a dissipative medium, depending upon the length scale. We specifically provide a theoretical cutoff wave number above which the perturbation equation represents diffusive and dissipative nature of the quiescent flow. It is shown that perturbation equations for pressure and velocity retain the same form in one-dimension, but it is not the same for multi-dimensional perturbation fields. Such behavior has not been reported before, as per the knowledge of the authors.