jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Involvement of protein kinase C in phorbol ester-induced sensitization of HeLa cells to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II).

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have investigated the effect of tumor promoting phorbol esters on the antiproliferative actions of several antitumor agents. Pretreatment of HeLa cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) caused a significant (9-fold) increase in cellular sensitivity to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CP). TPA also sensitized HeLa cells to melphalan (2.5-fold) but had no effect on the antiproliferative activity of bleomycin, doxorubicin, vincristine, or mitomycin C. The sensitization of HeLa cells by TPA was concentration-dependent up to 1 nM and paralleled the activation of protein kinase C by TPA measured in vitro. The maximum stimulation of protein kinase C (6-fold) was observed with 10 nM TPA. 4 alpha-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate neither activated protein kinase C nor sensitized HeLa cells to CP. 4-O-Methyl-TPA, which does not affect cell cycle distribution of HeLa cells, also sensitized these cells to CP by 6-fold and activated protein kinase C by 3-fold. Inhibitors of protein kinase C, such as palmitoylcarnitine and sphingosine, antagonized PDBu-induced sensitization of HeLa cells to CP. The maximum sensitization of HeLa cells to CP required prolonged pretreatment (greater than or equal to 24 h) with phorbol esters but could not be explained by down-regulation of protein kinase C. For example, 4-O-methyl-TPA caused no down-regulation of protein kinase C. Moreover, TPA caused substantial down-regulation of protein kinase C (1% of control) in A-253 cells but failed to sensitize A-253 cells to CP. TPA (100 nM), however, activated protein kinase C in A-253 cells by 5.5-fold. Therefore, activation of protein kinase C by TPA appears to be necessary but not sufficient for cellular sensitization to CP. The sensitization of HeLa cells by TPA was associated with a concentration- and time-dependent increase in cellular platinum content. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (10 micrograms/ml) blocked sensitization of HeLa cells to CP as well as the increase in platinum content caused by a 24-h pretreatment with PDBu.
Identification of Biologically Important Compounds In Neem Leaves Through GC-MS Analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

خلفية: النيم (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) هو أحد أنواع الأشجار الهامة المعروف بامتلاكه، خصائص طاردة للديدان، مانعة للحمل ، مضادة للميكروبات .مضادة لمرض السكر ومهدئة لذلك ، هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى تحديد المركبات المختلفة الموجودة في مستخلص أوراق النيم وتسجيل الأنشطة البيولوجية المختلفة .لهذه المركبات من خلال مسح الأدبيات
الاساليب: تم الحصول على مستخلص النيم بنقع 100 .متبوعا بالترشيح جم من أوراق البودرة الجافة في 1000 مل ميثانول. تم تجزئة هذا على التوالي باستخدام chloroform و n-hexane
النتائج: .الكلوروفورم وتم تحديد 7 مركبات تم إجراء تحليل GC-MS لكسر ديكان (8.96٪) ؛ بنتانول ، أسيتات (9.72٪) ؛ -2 وشملت هذه ; 11-oxa-dispiro[4.0.4.1]undecan-1-ol (6.56%) nonanoic acid, 9-(3-hexenylidenecyclopropylidene)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- (7.13٪); quinoline-4-carboxamide, 2-phenyl-N-n-octyl- (9.79٪); (٪13.43) تتراتراكونتان و (٪نوناكوزان (44.27
الاستنتاجات: أظهر المسح الأدبي أن المركبات المحددة لها خصائص مضادة للجراثيم، ومضادة للفطريات ، ومضادة للسرطان، وسامة للخلايا ، ومضادة للالتهابات ، ومضادة للأكسدة. ومضادة للفيروسات
k-MAGIC VERTEX LABELING WITH GROUP ELEMENTS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let be a finite abelian group. Let be simple graph with vertices. By labeling of vertex set , we mean a one-to-one function . A weight function is a function , where . In this article, we consider the following two weight functions: and The graph is said to be ( ) graph if the cardinality of the set is . The results of this paper ascertain some well-known classes of graphs to be for specific instances of and .
Understanding Engagement and the Potential Impact of an Electronic Drug Repository: Multi-Methods Study (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Centralized drug repositories can reduce adverse events and inappropriate prescriptions by enabling access to dispensed medication data at the point of care; however, how they achieve this goal is largely unknown.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to understand the perceived clinical value; the barriers to and enablers of adoption; and the clinician groups for which a provincial, centralized drug repository may provide the most benefit.

METHODS

A mixed methods approach, including a web-based survey and semistructured interviews, was used. Participants were clinicians (eg, nurses, physicians, and pharmacists) in Ontario who were eligible to use the digital health drug repository (DHDR), irrespective of actual use. Survey data were ranked on a 7-point adjectival scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics, and interviews were analyzed using qualitative descriptions.

RESULTS

Of the 161 survey respondents, only 40 (24.8%) actively used the DHDR. Perceptions of the utility of the DHDR were neutral (mean scores ranged from 4.11 to 4.76). Of the 75.2% (121/161) who did not use the DHDR, 97.5% (118/121) rated access to medication information (eg, dose, strength, and frequency) as important. Reasons for not using the DHDR included the cumbersome access process and the perception that available data were incomplete or inaccurate. Of the 33 interviews completed, 26 (79%) were active DHDR users. The DHDR was a satisfactory source of secondary information; however, the absence of medication instructions and prescribed medications (which were not dispensed) limited its ability to provide a comprehensive profile to meaningfully support clinical decision-making.

CONCLUSIONS

Digital drug repositories must be adjusted to align with the clinician’s needs to provide value. Ensuring integration with point-of-care systems, comprehensive clinical data, and streamlined onboarding processes would optimize clinically meaningful use. The electronic provision of accessible drug information to providers across health care settings has the potential to improve efficiency and reduce medication errors.
Newman’s Reflections on Biblical Inspiration

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Newman was keenly aware of the challenge posed to Christians by the development of historical biblical criticism in the nineteenth century. In several of his Anglican writings– most notably in no. 85 of Tracts for the Times, in unpublished notes and drafts dating from 1861–1863, and in two essays published in 1884–he attempted to resolve questions regarding the nature of biblical “inspiration,” the respective roles of the divine and human “authors,” and the nature of biblical “truth.” This article, originally a paper given at the 2012 conference of the Association française des Amis de Newman on Newman et la Bible, was first published in French in Études Newmaniennes no. 29 (2013).
Water-Soluble Calix[4]resorcinarenes with Hydroxyproline Groups as Chiral NMR Solvating Agents

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Water-soluble calix[4]resorcinarenes containing 3- and 4-hydroxyproline, d-nipecotic acid, (S)-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine, (S)-2-pyrrolidine methanol, and (S,S)-(+)-2,4-bis(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine substituents are synthesized and evaluated as chiral NMR solvating agents. The derivatives with the hydroxyproline groups are especially effective at causing enantiomeric discrimination in the spectra of water-soluble cationic and anionic compounds with pyridyl, phenyl, and bicyclic aromatic rings. Binding studies show that mono- and ortho-substituted phenyl rings associate within the cavity of the calix[4]resorcinarenes, as do naphthyl rings with mono-, 2,3-, and 1,8-substitution patterns. Anthracene derivatives with an amino or sulfonyl group at the 1-position bind within the cavity, as well. Aromatic resonances of the substrates exhibit substantial upfield shifts because of shielding from the aromatic rings of the calix[4]resorcinarene. The effectiveness of the reagents at producing chiral recognition in 1H NMR spectra is demonstrated with sodium mandelate, the sodium salt of tryptophan, and doxylamine succinate. While no one reagent is consistently the most effective, the calix[4]resorcinarenes with trans-4-hydroxyproline and trans-3-hydroxyproline moieties generally produce the largest nonequivalence in the 1H NMR spectra of the substrates.
MiRNAs and LncRNAs: Dual Roles in TGF-β Signaling-Regulated Metastasis in Lung Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lung cancer is one of the most malignant cancers around the world, with high morbidity and mortality. Metastasis is the leading cause of lung cancer deaths and treatment failure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), two groups of small non-coding RNAs (nc-RNAs), are confirmed to be lung cancer oncogenes or suppressors. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) critically regulates lung cancer metastasis. In this review, we summarize the dual roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in TGF-β signaling-regulated lung cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, migration, stemness, and metastasis. In addition, lncRNAs, competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) can act as miRNA sponges to suppress miRNAs, thereby mediating TGF-β signaling-regulated lung cancer invasion, migration, and metastasis. Through this review, we hope to cast light on the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs and lncRNAs in TGF-β signaling-regulated lung cancer metastasis and provide new insights for lung cancer treatment.
Bimbingan + Konseling (Studi & Karier)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

imbingan dan Konseling merupakan bagian integral dari pendidikan, bertujuan untuk membantu siswa menuju manusia mandiri yang dewasa, yang mengerti dirinya sendiri lengkap dengan kelebihan dan kekurangannya. Buku ini membahas bimbingan dan konseling yang dilaksanakan di sekolah, baik dari segi teori maupun praktek, bahkan dilengkapi dengan kelebihan dan kekurangannya. Buku ini membahas: Bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah. Metode mendapatkan data. Penyelenggaraan kartu pribadi. Penyelenggaraan kelompok belajar. Penyelenggaraan bimbingan cara belajar yang efektif. Penyelenggaraan kotak masalah. Penyelenggaraan persiapan penjurusan. Penyelenggaraan papan bimbingan dan problem checklist. Penyelenggaraan konseling. Penyelenggaraan bimbingan karir. Ceramah kepada orang tua murid.
REPORTING THAT IN TRANSLATED ENGLISH. EVIDENCE FOR SUBCONSCIOUS PROCESSES OF EXPLICITATION?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper sets out to provide evidence of explicitation in translation into English through an analysis of patterns of inclusion and omission of optional that with the reporting verbs SAY and TELL. The notion of explicitation in the context of translation is first introduced and explained. An overview of the literature relating to that-clauses in English is then given, and this forms the basis for subsequent data analysis. The sources of the data to be analysed are briefly described: the TEC (Translational English Corpus) providing us with translated English, and the BNC (British National Corpus) containing original English. On the basis of a comparison of concordance data from the two corpora, quantitative results serve to illustrate the marked differences in use of that and zero with forms of SAY and TELL. Thus it is shown that the that-connective is far more frequent in TEC than in BNC, and conversely that the zero-connective is more frequent for all forms of both verbs in the BNC corpus than in TEC. A detailed investigation of the instances of occurrence of that/zero constructions in both corpora attempts to categorise, compare and contrast patterns of occurrence, and provides potential starting points for further research of this nature.
Proctologic Problems in Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a study of 700 children with anorectal complaints, anal stenosis, redundant rectal mucosa, fissures, fistula in ano, cryptitis, colitis, and polyps were diagnosed in all but 20%. In this 20%, two thirds of whom were seen for constipation, no organic cause for the complaint could be found. An anorectal examination should be a part of every physical examination of the newborn, infant, and child. Careful examination of the distal bowel is indicated in all instances of gastrointestinal complaints. All too often, many of these infants and children are treated for intestinal colic, milk allergy, and emotional problems when definite pathological abnormality amenable to correct treatment was present.
The Effect of Antibiotics on the Intestinal Microflora of Turkey Poults

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

BLAKELY and Cook (1951) reported a 10 fold reduction in lactobacilli counts from the feces of turkey poults fed 9 p.p.m. procaine penicillin in the diet. These workers used poured plates of Difco eosin methylene blue agar for coliform determinations. No consistent pattern was shown for coliform counts, although an increase was recorded for the third and fifth weeks. Anderson et al. (1951) reported that penicillin enhanced the coliform and lactobacilli counts in the cecum of chicks. The present paper reports a continuation of the above work to determine the influence of penicillin on microflora in various sections of the digestive tract. Day-old turkey poults were placed in an electrically heated battery brooder and fed the basal diet shown in Table 1 with and without 9 p.p.m. procaine penicillin. For determination of the microflora at various levels of the intestinal tract, three poults were picked at random every week …
Polish Yearbook of International Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As many as three international disputes containing allegations of infringement of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms Racial Discrimination (ICERD) have been brought before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), thus contributing to the number of cases allowing the Court to pronounce itself on the international human rights law. Even though none of the cases invoking violations of ICERD has been (yet) adjudicated on the merits, they have already provided an opportunity to clarify (at least in part) the compromissory clause enshrined in Art. 22 of ICERD, as well as to tackle some other issues related to provisional measures ordered by the Court. This article discusses the ICJ’s approaches to the application of ICERD in the three above-mentioned cases, while posing the question whether indeed the 1965 Convention can be useful as a tool for settling inter-state disputes. The author claims that ICERD and the broad definition of “racial discrimination” set out in its Art. 1 constitute cornerstones for the international protection of human rights, though the recourse to the procedures provided in Art. 22 of ICERD – vital as they are – should not necessarily be perceived as a better alternative to the inter-state procedures and the functions exercised by the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD).
Time-intensity: the temporal aspects of sensory perception

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Techniques used and results obtained from elementary and more advanced time-intensity (TI) collection systems for sensory evaluation of foods are critically reviewed, emphasizing the advantages of including TI measurements with more conventional methods for research and routine product development and quality assurance. Topics include: sources of temporal information influencing sensory evaluation; information provided by TI curves developed in evaluations; techniques for measuring the TI response; the use of 3 computerized TI methods; TI applications in sensory evaluations; and a comparison between TI and conventional methods of sensory evaluation. Future applications of the TI method also are discussed.(wz)
High-efficiency wideband SiN_x-on-SOI grating coupler with low fabrication complexity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The chip-fiber grating coupler is a fundamental building block in integrated photonics, providing convenient on-wafer testing and packaging. Couplers based on a silicon nitride (SiNx) material platform can achieve wider bandwidths than silicon-based couplers, but suffer from lower efficiency due to the relative low material refractive index. The efficiency of the SiNx grating coupler can be improved by using high-reflectivity silicon grating reflectors underneath. However, such a silicon grating reflector requires several fabrication steps, including lithography, etching, high precision alignment (HPA), and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). In this Letter, we demonstrate an easy-to-fabricate SiNx-on-SOI transverse-electric mode grating coupler requiring only one patterning step (grating alone), and without the need for HPA and CMP. A coupling coefficient of -2.5 dB and 1-dB-bandwidth of 65 nm has been experimentally measured.
Age at death in elderly cohorts of four European countries of the Seven Countries Study: the role of comorbidities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To study age at death (AD) in elderly men as a function of risk factors and morbid conditions in a 25-year follow-up. Men enrolled in the Seven Countries Study belonging to 8 cohorts in 4 European countries (Finland, The Netherlands, Italy and Serbia) were examined between 1984 and 1989 (aged 65–84 years) with measurement of some cardiovascular risk factors and recording of a few major morbid conditions. AD was measured after 25-year follow-up and used in multiple linear regression (MLR) models as dependent variable; while, risk factors and morbid conditions had the role of independent variables. Out of 2457 men, 2290 died during 25-year follow-up. Overall mean AD was of 82.0 years and slightly different across cohorts, the lowest being recorded in Finland. Age at entry examination and HDL cholesterol were directly associated with AD; while, blood pressure, heart rate, smoking habits and morbid conditions (major cardiovascular diseases, either independently or combined together with diabetes, chronic bronchitis, cancer and silent ECG abnormalities) were inversely related to AD. Body mass index had a parabolic relation with AD with longer survival for levels around 24 units; while, total serum cholesterol was not related to AD. However, only three independent variables were statistically significant when tested in each individual country (age, heart rate and stroke). In a MLR model, where a comorbidity score was entered as independent variable (everything else being equal), the presence of 1 morbid condition was associated with a reduced AD by 1.87 years that increased up to 6.39 years when 4 morbid conditions were present. AD seems a valuable indicator of all-cause mortality when the study population has reached or approached the extinction.
MicroRNA-155-5p, Reduced by Curcumin-Re-Expressed Hypermethylated BRCA1, Is a Molecular Biomarker for Cancer Risk in BRCA1-methylation Carriers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Constitutional BRCA1-methylation is a cancer risk factor for breast (BC) and ovarian (OC) cancer. MiR-155, regulated by BRCA1, is a multifunctional microRNA that plays a crucial role in the immune system. The present study assessed the modulation of miR-155-5p expression in peripheral white blood cells (WBCs) of BC and OC patients and cancer-free (CF) BRCA1-methylation female carriers. Additionally, we investigated the potential of curcumin to suppress miR-155-5p in BRCA1-deficient breast cancer cell lines. MiR-155-5p expression was measured using a stem-loop RT-qPCR method. Gene expression levels were determined using qRT-PCR and immunoblotting. MiR-155-5p was more highly expressed in the BRCA1-hypermethylated HCC-38 and UACC-3199 BC cell lines than in the BRCA1-mutated (HCC-1937) and WT BRCA1 (MDA-MB-321) cell lines. Curcumin suppressed miR-155-5p in the HCC-38 cells but not in the HCC-1937 cells via the re-expression of BRCA1. Elevated levels of miR-155-5p were detected in patients with non-aggressive and localized breast tumors and in patients with late-stage aggressive ovarian tumors, as well as in CF BRCA1-methylation carriers. Notably, IL2RG levels were reduced in the OC and CF groups but not in the BC group. Together, our findings suggest opposing effects of WBC miR-155-5p, according to the cell and cancer type. In addition, the results point to miR-155-5p as a candidate biomarker of cancer risk among CF-BRCA1-methylation carriers.
Abstract B79: Assessing colorectal cancer screening behaviors and knowledge among at-risk Hispanics in southern New Mexico.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality rates in New Mexico have not decreased as much as the US national rates, and mortality rates among Hispanics in the state are higher than among this ethnic group in the US. Methods: A Colorectal Cancer Knowledge Assessment Survey (KAS) was administered in either English or Spanish to 247 individuals attending community events and health fairs throughout southern New Mexico. A subset of these individuals completed an electronic CRC risk assessment managed by National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Cancer Institute (NCI). Data analysis was performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) to test for significant differences in knowledge, and/or screening rates based on ethnicity. Results: There were significant differences among participants &gt; 50 years old based on ethnicity for knowledge about CRC, physician discussions and recommendations, and screening rates. In all cases, with the exception of knowledge of CRC risk, Hispanics of CRC screening age, were less likely to be recommended for screening by their physician, less likely to discuss CRC screening, knew less about CRC and about the different types of screening modalities, and reported CRC screening in the past at about half the rate of their non-Hispanic white counterparts. Conclusions: The increased mortality rates for New Mexican Hispanics with colorectal cancer are likely due to the very low screening rates, which in turn are related to the lack of knowledge about this condition. Expanded education and outreach efforts for minority populations to increase knowledge and awareness of prevention and screening behaviors is critical. This work was supported in part by the NM AES and by grants NIH NCI 5 U54CA132383 (O'Connell) and NIH NCI 5 U54CA132381 (Thompson). Citation Format: Janet Sanchez, Vanessa Martinez, Beti Thompson, Mary O'Connell. Assessing colorectal cancer screening behaviors and knowledge among at-risk Hispanics in southern New Mexico. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B79.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Normalization for sparse encoding of odors by a wide-field interneuron.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Sparse coding presents practical advantages for sensory representations and memory storage. In the insect olfactory system, the representation of general odors is dense in the antennal lobes but sparse in the mushroom bodies, only one synapse downstream. In locusts, this transformation relies on the oscillatory structure of antennal lobe output, feed-forward inhibitory circuits, intrinsic properties of mushroom body neurons, and connectivity between antennal lobe and mushroom bodies. Here we show the existence of a normalizing negative-feedback loop within the mushroom body to maintain sparse output over a wide range of input conditions. This loop consists of an identifiable "giant" nonspiking inhibitory interneuron with ubiquitous connectivity and graded release properties. PMID: 21551062 Funding information This work was supported by: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: BB/F005113/1