jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
HeyCitI: Healthy Cycling in a City using Self-Adaptive Internet-of-Things

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Air pollution is the biggest environmental health risk in Europe. Smart city initiatives that rely on the Internet-of-Things (IoT) can help addressing the problem. In this paper, we introduce HeyCitI, short for Healthy Cycling in a City using IoT. HeyCitI finds the most healthy path in a city and dynamically adapts the path on the way avoiding areas with higher pollution. To that end, HeyCitI uses up to date information from pollution sensors deployed in the city to dynamically adapt the path. We developed a simulator of HeyCitI that is compatible with DingNet, an IoT infrastructure deployed in Leuven. We give an overview of the HeyCitI and illustrate how self-adaptation improves the air quality for cyclists in a typical scenario.
Pecking order theory of capital structure: empirical evidence from dynamic panel data

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper tests the relation between profit and long term debt as well as the relation between profit and total debt in South Africa. This paper specifies a dynamic panel model and uses generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation technique which gives better results. The results show that profit has significance negative relation with long-term debt. Similarly, profit has significant negative relation with total debt. The results support the pecking order theory and signify the presence of asymmetric information problem between firm and its financiers. Besides, the results imply need to further develop the capital market in order to minimize information asymmetry costs associated with raising external capital. Moreover, evidence of trade-off theory is also present in the results.
Luminosity Limitations of Linear Colliders Based on Plasma Acceleration

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Particle acceleration in plasma creates a possibility of exceptionally high accelerating gradients and appears to be a very attractive option for future linear electron–positron and/or [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] colliders. These high accelerating gradients have already been demonstrated in a number of experiments. However, a linear collider requires exceptionally high beam brightness which still needs to be demonstrated. In this article we discuss major phenomena which limit the beam brightness of accelerated beam and, consequently, the collider luminosity.
Mutant C9orf72 human iPSC‐derived astrocytes cause non‐cell autonomous motor neuron pathophysiology

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mutations in C9orf72 are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Accumulating evidence implicates astrocytes as important non‐cell autonomous contributors to ALS pathogenesis, although the potential deleterious effects of astrocytes on the function of motor neurons remains to be determined in a completely humanized model of C9orf72 ‐mediated ALS. Here, we use a human iPSC‐based model to study the cell autonomous and non‐autonomous consequences of mutant C9orf72 expression by astrocytes. We show that mutant astrocytes both recapitulate key aspects of C9orf72 ‐related ALS pathology and, upon co‐culture, cause motor neurons to undergo a progressive loss of action potential output due to decreases in the magnitude of voltage‐activated Na + and K + currents. Importantly, CRISPR/Cas‐9 mediated excision of the C9orf72 repeat expansion reverses these phenotypes, confirming that the C9orf72 mutation is responsible for both cell‐autonomous astrocyte pathology and non‐cell autonomous motor neuron pathophysiology.
Rugose Morphotype of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium ATCC14028 Exhibits Chlorine Resistance and Strong Biofilm Forming Ability

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background and Objective: Antibiotic resistance is a major global public health problem and studies have shown that when bacteria adapt to one stress, they can offer that protection to resist other stresses.Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the ability of Salmonella to adapt to chlorine.Methodology: Salmonella Typhimurium (American Type Culture Collection, ATCC 14028) was tested for its ability to adapt to increasing increment of chlorine starting at 125 ppm in tryptic soy broth (TSB).Salmonella Typhimurium demonstrated an acquired tolerance to chlorine in TSB with adapted cells growing in concentrations up to 600 ppm whereas the non-adapted cells did not grow beyond 500 ppm.Results: After 4 days of incubation, S. typhimurium exposed to sublethal chlorine concentrations displayed a distinct rugose and smooth morphology on tryptic soy agar (TSA) plates incubated at 37EC.The rugose, in contrast to smooth morphology (both adapted and control), showed the ability to form very strong biofilms (p<0.05) in polystyrene microtiter plates at room temperature and 37EC.The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of adapted (rugose and smooth) and control cells were tested using different antibiotics according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institutes (CLSI) guideline.There was only slight difference observed in antibiotics resistance of either adapted cell type as compared to control.Conclusion: The incorrect application of chlorine during cleaning and sanitation could select for adapted Salmonella cells, which may attach strongly to plastic surfaces in a processing facility.
Stratosphere: Finding Vulnerable Cloud Storage Buckets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Misconfigured cloud storage buckets have leaked hundreds of millions of medical, voter, and customer records. These breaches are due to a combination of easily-guessable bucket names and error-prone security configurations, which, together, allow attackers to easily guess and access sensitive data. In this work, we investigate the security of buckets, finding that prior studies have largely underestimated cloud insecurity by focusing on simple, easy-to-guess names. By leveraging prior work in the password analysis space, we introduce Stratosphere, a system that learns how buckets are named in practice in order to efficiently guess the names of vulnerable buckets. Using Stratosphere, we find wide-spread exploitation of buckets and vulnerable configurations continuing to increase over the years. We conclude with recommendations for operators, researchers, and cloud providers.
Soviet-American Relations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Essay| October 01 1990 Soviet-American Relations: The Cold War Ends Lawrence T. Caldwell Lawrence T. Caldwell Professor of Political Science, Occidental College Lawrence T. Caldwell has been scholar-in-residence at the Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Soviet Analysis; a research associate at the International Institute for Strategic Studies; and a consultant for the Rand Corporation. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1990) 89 (549): 305–308. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1990.89.549.305 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Lawrence T. Caldwell; Soviet-American Relations: The Cold War Ends. Current History 1 October 1990; 89 (549): 305–308. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1990.89.549.305 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1990 by The Regents of the University of California1990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Messenger RNA content and complexity in normal and overloaded rat heart

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Cardiac overload was studied in rats by abdominal aortic constriction, which increased the left ventricular weight by 59% after 12 days. During the transition, which precedes the compensatory hypertrophy, both total RNA and poly(A)‐containing messenger RNA increased. The concentration of these polynucleotides peaked by day 4 after constriction, rising from 1·27 pL 0·3 to 1·88 pL 0·2 mg g ‐1 fresh weight for total RNA, and from 38 pL 24 to 62 pL 12 μg g ‐1 fresh weight for poly(A)‐containing RNA, and returned to normal by day 12. However, the total amount per ventricle of both RNAs remained high. Poly(A)‐containing RNA prepared from normal heart was hybridized to its cDNA copy. These results were expressed as the percentage of hybridization vs. the log 10 of the product of the poly(A)‐containing RNA concentration and the time ( Rot ), and in computer analysis were described by division into three different frequency components. In normal hearts, the Rot 1/2 values of these components were, respectively, 3·98 times 10 ‐3 , 0·338 and 21·380 mol.s.l ‐1 , which correspond to 2–3, 240 and 12 200 different sequences that were copied 22 000–33 000, 310 and 5 times, respectively. Four and 30 days after banding there was a harmonious enhancement of the number of the copies without any change in the number of different sequences, and the three different hybridization curves were superimposed. In conclusion, cardiac overload raises the poly(A)‐containing RNA concentration, probably by stimulating transcription, but no major changes occur in any of the frequency classes.
OP20.04: Imaging in gynecological disease: clinical and ultrasound features of ovarian clear cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To describe clinical and ultrasound features of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC). Patients with a histological diagnosis of ovarian CCC, who had undergone preoperative ultrasound examination, were retrospectively identified from ten ultrasound centres. The masses were described using the terms of the IOTA group. In total, 152 patients with a diagnosis of pure CCC were identified. Median age of the patients was 53 (range, 28-92) years. 92/152 (60.5%) cases were FIGO Stage I and 41/133 (27%) were associated with endometriosis. On ultrasound, 53/152 (34.9%) CCCs were unilocular-solid, 63/152 (41.4%) multilocular-solid, and 36/152 (23.7%) were solid masses. No tumour was described as a unilocular or multilocular cyst. The median of the largest diameter of the lesion was 117 (range 25-310) mm. Papillary projections were present in 58/152 (38.2%) tumours and the median of the height of the largest papillation was 18 (range, 3-65) mm. 128/152 (84.2%) cases were unilateral and the ovarian crescent sign was described in 12/136 21.1% cases. Supporting information can be found in the online version of this abstract Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Retention mechanism and enrichment of glycopeptides on titanium dioxide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A uniform method for the facile and selective enrichment of glycopeptides with titanium dioxide (TiO2) is presented. Retention mechanisms between glycopeptides and TiO2 were explored by checking the influence of acetonitrile content, NH3 center dot H2O concentration and formic acid concentration on the retention of glycopeptides. Both hydrophilic interaction and ligand-exchange retention mechanisms between glycopeptides and TiO2 were found to be involved. Based on this, a uniform method was established for selective enrichment of glycopeptides with TiO2. The developed method exhibited high selectivity for N-linked glycopeptides with short to long peptide sequences. This efficient and uniform method will be a valuable tool for post-translational modification in proteomics.
Thermal regime of dune‐covered sediments under gaining and losing water bodies

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the effects of current–bed form induced flow and heat transport through permeable‐bottom sediments overlain by a marine or terrestrial water column that is gaining or losing deep groundwater. Heat transport is forced by the diel variation of temperature in the water column. The investigation utilizes sequentially coupled simulations of turbulent flow in the water column, and Darcy flow and heat transport in the sediments. The simulations address the question when, where, and by how much are diel water column temperature variations transmitted into sediments subjected to ambient‐groundwater discharge? This is crucial information for detecting, observing, and predicting temperature‐sensitive biogeochemical and ecological processes in the bottom sediments. When the groundwater gain or loss is small, it has no appreciable effect on temperatures in the sediments, which are controlled by heat conduction and current–bed form induced heat advection. As losing discharge increases, the temperature signal from the water column penetrates deeper into the sediments, with the largest temperature variations found under a downwelling zone along the stoss side of the bed form and damped temperature variations found near a narrow upwelling zone below the crest. Similar patterns are observed under gaining conditions, but with temperature variations penetrating to shallower depths; the interfacial exchange zone is diminished by upward movement of deep groundwater. Large gains or losses of deep groundwater prevent the formation of an interfacial exchange zone making heat transport almost vertically one‐dimensional. The sensitivity of the sediment‐thermal regime to hydrodynamic conditions increases with increasing water column current (Reynolds number) and with sediment permeability.
How Far Can Copyright Be Stretched? Framing the Debate on Whether New and Different Forms of Creativity Can Be Protected

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper expands on whether copyright protection may be available for certain new and non-conventional works as diverse as graffiti, sports movements, dj-sets, culinary presentations, jokes, magic tricks, works created by artificial intelligence and engineered DNA. The potential expansion of copyright in a knowledge-based society is a relevant and topical subject at the moment also in light of the current scholarly and policy debates on the modernisation of copyright rules in many countries, including the EU and US. The issue of whether copyright can protect certain new and non-traditional products of human ingenuity is here addressed by carrying out a specific-work-related analysis of core tenets of copyright laws, including copyrightable subject matter, originality, fixation and authorship requirements, functionality exception, morality, and public policy provisions.
[Infantile colic--an assessment of possible risk factors].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infantile colic is defined as crying or fussing for more than three hours a day for more than three days a week. The aetiology is unknown, although many hypotheses have been examined: allergy, type of feeding, the development of the gastrointestinal tract, the development of the central nervous system, and the mother/infant relationship. The frequency varies between 8% and 40% in industrialised countries. We found that education, parity, age, obstetric factors, and gender were not important risk factors. There are no unambiguous results on psychosocial risk factors and infantile colic. Giving parents advice and education in parenting were more effective than changing diets. Elimination of cow's milk or the diet of the mother had some effect. This review comprises studies where infantile colic is defined quantitatively. Despite this, no unambiguous results, which are consistent with a multifactorial aetiology were found.
Research on Decision Support Method for Charge Batch Planning of Steelmaking-Continuous Casting under Lagrangian Framework

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Charge batch planning is the bottleneck of production management planning in iron and steelmaking enterprises. The optimization of the charge batch planning process will directly influence the iron and steelmaking cost, production and energy consumption. In this paper, an effective mathematical model based on multi-objective weighting method is built up to describe the multi-performance indexes and the multi-constraints; an efficiency adaptive search algorithm based on linear augmented Lagrangian relaxation framework is proposed to alleviate the problem of sawtooth oscillation when the traditional Lagrangian algorithm searches within the feasible domain. The strategy proposed in this paper is verified based on the background of the actual steelmaking and continuous casting management process in China steelmaking plant. The optimization results guarantee the solution quality and speed of charge batch planning of steelmaking-continuous casting.
Educação sobre diabetes por meio de analogias e modelos didáticos para alunos do ensino médio

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This work is an experience report on the 2016 Extension Project “The Cell and the Origin of Disease: A Challenging Medical Theme for High School Students” and the experiences of medical students from the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). The medical students were responsible for education stations that presented analogies as well as two- and three-dimensional didactic models to teach high school students about the cellular mechanisms that promote diabetes. Medical students reviewed subjects such as digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, production and action of insulin, and the function of cellular receptors and transporters such as SGLT1 and GLUT4. It was verified that the education tools used were interesting to the high school students and engaged them in the content. These findings suggest that the teaching methods employed in this project stimulated learning about the cellular aspects of diabetes mellitus. Medical students acknowledged that the project allowed them to develop responsibilities, initiatives, and sensitivity in the act of teaching and provoking learning in a clear and comprehensible manner–fundamental skills for a preventive and humanized medical approach.
An algorithm based on visual perception for handwriting comparison

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose an algorithm based on a model of visual perception that is meant to reflect the human judgment about the similarity of handwritten samples. The algorithm builds upon the Fuzzy Feature Contrast model and proposes an implementation of such a model in the domain of handwriting. The algorithm has been validated on the RIMES dataset, by comparing its performance with those of a panel of human experts. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is almost indistinguishable from the expert one and therefore may be a viable tool for handwriting comparison.
Spatial variations of Pb in the vertical zone of the soil-plant system in the Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The characteristics of vertical and horizontal variations of lead element(Pb) in soil-plant system of vertical zone in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve(CNNR) were studied. The results showed that Pb concentrations in soils of vertical zone are all above 25 mg/kg, and the average Pb concentration of each soil zone negatively correlates its degree of variation, i.e. brown coniferous forest soil zone has the lowest average Pb concentration of four soil zones, and the highest horizontal variation; however, mountain soddy forest soil has the highest average Pb concentration, and the lowest horizontal variation; the average concentration of plant Pb of each plant zone is lower than the worldwide average level of Pb in plant(Clarke), respectively, and plant Pb content order is consistent with soil Pb content order, but their horizontal variations are different from those in soil zones, the variation of mountain tundra forest zone is highest, but Betula ermanii forest zone the lowest. Vertical variation of plant Pb is obviously higher than that in soils with variation coefficient of 89.76%; the enrichment capability of plant for Pb is depended on the plant types and the different organs of plant; parent material and parent rock, pH values, soil organic matter and soil particle fraction etc. are the main factors influencing variations of Pb content in soil-plant system of vertical zone in CNNR.
A high-resolution SWIR camera via compressed sensing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Images from a novel shortwave infrared (SWIR, 900 nm to 1.7 μm) camera system are presented. Custom electronics and software are combined with a digital micromirror device (DMD) and a single-element sensor; the latter are commercial off-the-shelf devices, which together create a lower-cost imaging system than is otherwise available in this wavelength regime. A compressive sensing (CS) encoding schema is applied to the DMD to modulate the light that has entered the camera. This modulated light is directed to a single-element sensor and an ensemble of measurements is collected. With the data ensemble and knowledge of the CS encoding, images are computationally reconstructed. The hardware and software combination makes it possible to create images with the resolution of the DMD while employing a substantially lower-cost sensor subsystem than would otherwise be required by the use of traditional focal plane arrays (FPAs). In addition to the basic camera architecture, we also discuss a technique that uses the adaptive functionality of the DMD to search and identify regions of interest. We demonstrate adaptive CS in solar exclusion experiments where bright pixels, which would otherwise reduce dynamic range in the images, are automatically removed.
ICT, Online Search Behavior, and Remittances: Evidence from the Kyrgyz Republic

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Infrastructure has always been a fundamental driver of long-term economic growth, but in recent decades information and communication technology (ICT) has supported and accelerated the growth of the global economy in ways beyond the imagining of our ancestors. We examine the role of ICT infrastructure in facilitating labor markets' access and remittance flows for workers from the Kyrgyz Republic. Using a combination of traditional high frequency macroeconomic data and real time internet search information from Google Trends, we take a novel approach to explaining the inflow of remittances to a developing country. In the first attempt to model remittance behavior with GTI data in this context, we use a gravity model. We also attempt to account for both origin and destination labor market conditions, using Kyrgyz language search words to identify both push and pull factors affecting migrant decisions.