jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of aspirin (ASA) in broiler chicken during hot dry summer using zoo technical, molecular and physio-biochemical tools

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of aspirin as anti-heat stressor. Broiler chicks were reared on a standard diet up to 14 days of age. Thereafter, the chicks were randomly distributed into three dietary treatment groups viz., T1 (Control group: Standard diet), T2 (Standard diet with aspirin@250 mg/kg) and T3 (Standard diet with aspirin@500 mg/kg). Each treatment was having five replicates of eight birds per replicate. Experiment was carried out during hot-dry (April-May, 30.0±0.70 to 37.0±1.40C, Rh, %: 58.05±1.32 to 70.11±0.82) summer. Feed intake and live weight gain was comparable among the treatments but FCR, protein and energy efficiency improved significantly (P less than 0.001) on aspirin supplementation. The relative yield of thymus and bursa at 4th and 6th week of age improved significantly (P less than 0.05). The percentage of protein, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) increased significantly (P less than 0.001) due to aspirin supplementation at 4th as well as 6th week of age. While H:L ratio, serum corticosteron and serum cholesterol (only at 42nd day of age) decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) in aspirin supplemented groups at 28th as well as 42nd day of age. Supplementation of aspirin at 500 mg/kg reduced relative expression of HSP70 in jejunum tissues during 28th or 42nd day of age. It can be concluded that aspirin supplementation 500 mg/kg in diet of heat stressed broilers improved performance as well as welfare..
Bayesian Prediction of Incontinence among Older Women Using an Experimental Design Template

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, a Bayesian predictor of urinary incontinence (UI) is devised for screening older women. Risk factors identified from an epidemiological survey data as significant for UI, are utilized. The proposed Bayesian method combines an experimental design template with relevant information to construct a predictive index in terms of posterior probabilities. The computations are carried out on a longitudinal data called the Medical, Epidemiological and Social Aspects of Aging (MESA). The index is applied to the baseline and follow-up portions of the MESA data. The results show that, the percentage of the absolute relative change between the prior and posterior probabilities can be used as a decision tool to make conclusions on credibility of the class labels on continence and incontinence. The proposed index can be applied for immediate screening and for predicting future urinary incontinence in older women of comparable demographics as those presented in the MESA data.
Spelt: Agronomy, Quality, and Flavor of Its Breads from 30 Varieties Tested across Multiple Environments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Spelt ( Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta ) is an old hulled wheat currently receiving renewed interest of consumers, bakers, millers, and farmers. Our objectives were (i) to assess the genetic variability and heritability of agronomic and quality traits together with the flavor and odor of breads, (ii) to investigate correlations among these traits, and (iii) to draw conclusions for spelt breeding targeting improved yield, quality, and flavor of end products. Therefore, we investigated 30 spelt varieties in up to six field locations and determined important agronomic parameters and numerous quality traits, as well as flavor and odor of breads made from all varieties. As for the closely related bread wheat ( T. aestivum L. ssp. aestivum ), protein and gluten content were tightly correlated in spelt, but both were only moderately correlated with protein quality. The correlation between the sedimentation volume determined either with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDSS) or according to Zeleny was very high ( r = 0.94, p < 0.001). However, SDSS differentiated the spelt varieties better and is thus proposed for future spelt breeding and evaluations. We determined a significant genetic variation for bread flavor with a heritability of 0.56. Furthermore, this flavor was not correlated with traits important for spelt breeding, i.e., protein quality and agronomy. Thus, future breeding can simultaneously target improved yield, bread‐making quality, and a more aromatic bread flavor of new spelt varieties, which would also be of interest for bread and durum wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.). These findings highlight the need of an intensified interdisciplinary research to develop faster methods for flavor and odor evaluation of breads.
Immigration and Extinction of Salt Marsh Arthropods on Islands: An Experimental Study

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

On decrit une serie d'experiences de colonisation de plusieurs petites iles de Floride (apres suppression de la faune) par des arthropodes de marais sales infeodes a Spartina alterniflora (l'observation porte sur 53 semaines). Dans l'ensemble, les relations entre le nombre d'especes insulaires et l'immigration et la vitesse d'extinction vont dans le sens predit par la theorie de MacArthur-Wilson, mais avec d'importantes deviations que l'on tente d'expliquer
Assessment of aflatoxins in wheat flour from different areas of Punjab in Pakistan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pakistan is an agricultural country and agriculture sector contributes approximately 35-40% to the national income. The Punjab is leading in the production of wheat. Wheat is more susceptible to infestation of different kinds of Fungi. Mycotoxins are perilous toxic metabolites fabricated abundantly by such Fungi. For a prolonged period of time, mycotoxins are familiar to attribute grievous diseases in mankind and animals. For this purpose, wheat flour was purchased from local markets and flour mills of different areas in the Punjab. A total of 108 whole wheat flour samples were collected and analyzed (73 samples from markets and 35 samples from flour mills) for aflatoxin, ash and moisture contents. The overall moisture of wheat flour sampled collected from flour mills of Punjab were in the range of 8.315% to 13.937% and from markets the values were in the range 10.302% to 13.803%.The overall ash content of wheat flour samples from flour mills were in the range of 0.618% to 0.983% and for market samples the values were 0.547% to 1.100%. All of the samples were analyzed and found negative for aflatoxin level in whole wheat flour. Results indicated that moisture content (%) in entire the flour samples were below 14%. Investigation of aflatoxin revealed that AFs (AFB1, AFG2, AFB2 and AFG1) were not established within detectable limits of Thin Layer Chromatography i.e. for B1 and G1 detectable limit is ≥0.72ppb while for B2, G2 is ≥0.20 ppb. However, aflatoxin was not be detected by thin layer chromatography, so for more reliable results, sophisticated techniques such as HPLC need to be used to determine aflatoxin in wheat flour samples.
Shaped by His Upbringing: Jesus’ Mission in Luke 4: 16–22 Aligned with Luke 2: 51–52 as a Paradigm for Youth Formation, Empowerment, and Social Engagement Today

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the formative influence of Jesus’ upbringing in Nazareth, particularly as depicted in Luke 4: 16–22, alongside related passages such as Luke 2: 51–52. Through these accounts, this analysis seeks to elucidate the social, cultural, and spiritual dimensions of Jesus’ early life and their significance in shaping his mission and identity, as well as how his religious customs and community involvement can inspire contemporary youth by integrating the core pillars of faith, education, and family and empowering them to confront modern challenges with a holistic perspective inspired by Jesus’ mission. Methodologically, it should be taken for granted that a tendency to psychologise biblical characters—interpreting their actions or decisions as if they shared modern psychological frameworks—can lead to oversimplifications or misapplications. For example, Jesus’ obedience to his parents reflects a culture of strict family authority, contrasting with today’s focus on independence and self-expression in youth development. By examining key Greek terms such as tethramménos (from trépho: ‘having been brought up’) and katà tò eiōthòs autộ (‘as was his custom’) in v.16, this study emphasises Jesus’ strong connection to his faith and cultural heritage. His regular participation in synagogue life and his upbringing in a religious and familial context (see Luke 2: 51–52) were crucial in shaping his identity and preparing him for his transformative and transforming mission, according to the Isaianic prophecy (61: 1–2) he read on the same occasion. This paper argues that these early experiences, particularly his education within the Jewish tradition and his family’s role in nurturing his spiritual growth, were foundational for the holistic mission Jesus would later proclaim—a mission that sought spiritual, social, and physical liberation.
NOVEL RP - HPLC METHOD AND DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR ESTIMATION OF PHENTERMINE USING BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A simple and focused HPLC method is described for phentermine measurement. With a C18 column and a mobile phase made up of 40 volumes of methanol, 40 volumes of acetonitrile, and 20 volumes of water, the chromatographic separation was completed at a wavelength of 263 nm. For Phentermine, the method demonstrated linearity in the 50–150 µg/ml range (r2 = 0.990), and the drug amounts found using this suggested method nearly matched the label claim. It is clear from the previously described testing results and parameters that this newly developed approach for phentermine estimate is simple, accurate, exact, and has a high resolution. Its cost-effectiveness and acceptance are further improved by its shorter retention period. In the near future, this technology can be easily implemented for regular studies in research facilities, industry quality control departments, and accredited testing laboratories
Adaptive back-stepping tracking control for the robot system with input saturation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates the trajectory tracking control for the robot system under the external disturbances and input constraint. Firstly, an anti-saturation tracking controller is designed for the robot system subject to input constraint by using the terminal sliding mode control and auxiliary system. Secondly, the adaptive control is introduced to estimate the external disturbances with the unknown upper bounded. Finally, with the help of the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that closed loop system is practical finite-time stable, and the effectiveness of designed control strategy has further been verified by the digital simulation.
Multi-disciplinary programming exercises

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Courses in computer science, data processing or other areas that involve the learning of computer programming often require the student to complete programming exercises. These exercises give the students practice in translating some process into a set of computer commands that accomplish the same process. Very often the exercises are relatively “content free” (write a program to add a set of numbers...) and the objectives attained by the exercises are entirely in the data processing, computer science domain. This paper is based on the assumption that the content of typical programming exercises is an unutilized resource that can be used to facilitate learning in other subject matter areas without jeopardizing the attainment of the programming goals.
Reformulating Tax Shield Valuation: A Note

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Standard financial theory (in the absence of agency costs and personal taxes) implies that each dollar of debt contributes to the value of the firm in proportion to the firm's tax rate. To derive this result, incremental debt is assumed permanent. This paper shows that when the firm acts to maintain a constant market value leverage ratio, the marginal value of debt financing is much lower than the corporate tax rate. Since Hamada's [2] unlevering procedure for observed equity betas was derived under the assumption of permanent debt, we derive an unlevering procedure consistent with the assumption of a constant leverage ratio.
Association of pregnant women periodontal status to preterm and low-birth weight babies: A systematic and evidence-based review.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The mouth serves as a mirror to general health and also as a portal for disease to the rest of the body. Since the old wives' tale of "the loss of a tooth for every pregnancy", oral health during pregnancy has long been a focus of interest. In the past decade, there has been mounting scientific evidence suggesting that periodontal disease may play an important role as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Considering all the above stated factors this systematic review is aimed to focus on the association of periodontal diseases to preterm and low-birth weight (LBW) babies. In view of the large body of literature the review is limited to studies identified by computer searching. Hand searching of journals and gathering of unpublished reports and conference proceedings was outside the scope of the review. The PubMed database was searched using the search terms: periodontitis, preterm, LBW. The titles, authors, and abstracts from all studies identified by the electronic search were printed and reviewed independently on the basis of keywords, title and abstract, to determine whether these met the inclusion criteria. The electronic search identified 68 papers. After review of the study title, keywords and abstracts, 62 papers were identified potentially meeting inclusion criteria. Generally, all the studies reviewed in the paper suggest that periodontal disease may be a potential risk factor for preterm LBW babies.
Security Assessment in Gas-Electric Networks

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In many parts of the world, electricity systems are experiencing an increasing amount of gas-fired generation being installed due to its cheap fuel. The flexibility offered by gas generators is considered to be beneficial for electric grids, particularly in the face of increasing renewable generation. However, gas generators are often problematic for the gas network, as they induce large, rapid changes in the demand. The objective of this paper is to investigate the interaction between electrical and gas networks, and how security criteria for gas system operations implicitly impact the operation of the electric grid. Special attention is paid to the incorporation of the gas system dynamics, which have profound impact on the security assessment. To facilitate the assessment, the paper proposes an analysis framework which considers i) preventive security assessment for the gas system, ii) determination of remedial actions and gas load shedding after a contingency occurs, and iii) the impact of the load shedding on the electric grid, given different operating rules for the gas system. A case study shows that the preventive security assessment is beneficial both for the gas and electric grid, and that the security criterion used to determine the required gas system remedial actions impacts the cost of the electric grid.
sj-pdf-2-epx-10.1177_08959048221127989 – Supplemental material for Does ESSA Assure the Use of Evidence-based Educational Practices?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-epx-10.1177_08959048221127989 for Does ESSA Assure the Use of Evidence-based Educational Practices? by Yuan Chang Ginsberg, Fiona M. Hollands, Venita R. Holmes, Robert Shand, Pamela Evans, Ryan Blodgett, Yixin Wang and Laura Head in Educational Policy
The Metabolemeter II-Detection of Mesogenic Polymorphism under Pressure Using Small Quantities

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Abstract Every first order phase transition for mesogens can be detected by the continuous recording, as a function of temperature, of the pressure of the sample enclosed in a metallic cell. Studies of a compound (octylcyanobiphenyl) exibiting several transformations (crystal-smectic A, smectic A-nematic, nematic-liquid) show that this barometric method is convenient to detect polymorphism from one thermobarogram, and to draw the Clapeyron phase diagram; the smectic A-nematic transition involving small enthalpy and volume changes is clearly observable and this method is very sensitive. Moreover, the enthalpies and volumes of transition can be deduced from the pressure changes. Lastly, pressure and temperature are intensive data, and very little sample (1.3 mm3) may be used.
Patient-centered Care in Dentistry

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Patient-centered care (PCC) in dentistry is a holistic approach that considers not just the dental condition but also the patient’s individual preferences, needs, and values (Kristensen et al., 2023). It aims to ensure that patient values guide all clinical decisions, fostering a collaborative and respectful patient-dentist relationship. It tries to make sure patients’ values determine clinical decisions so that an interaction involving both the dentist and a patient-centered approach with respect will result. This interconnection in dentistry goes further because psychosocial factors, such as experiencing dental phobia and one’s economic class, affect oral health significantly. Dental phobia, which can create treatment avoidance, accentuates the necessity of comprehending and addressing such issues to provide effective and patient-centered care (Kristensen et al., 2023). Another issue is economics, which can hinder getting care, especially when dealing with a low-income group. Data shows that PCC is associated with a reduction in the use of health resources, better patient satisfaction, and better overall health. Additionally, PCC can aid professional healthcare workers when it comes to litigation cases, and it reduces work dissatisfaction, which is another indicator of its value. Integrating objective data into treatment strategies is essential for effectively implementing PCC in dentistry. Objective data, for instance, clinical parameters that can be quantified, serve as a research basis that completes the information patients can provide regarding their subjective experiences (DrKumo, 2023). Integration of the two of them provides a broader picture of the patient’s current oral health status and the potential available treatments. For example, tracking a patient’s hard data figures of probable oral wellness indicators like gingivitis and tooth damage alongside their subjective details, such as reported symptoms or concerns, can aid in recognizing patterns and customizing treatment plans to achieve better results by offering optimized services to the patients (DrKumo, 2023). However, despite the bright side of PCC, there are also some difficulties that persist; among them, one can highlight the absence of a uniform definition and detailed recommendations for its application in dentistry. Reasonable attempts are being made to tackle them by virtue of a theory-based PCC model created with the dental setting as its core area of application. However, additional research that would entail empirical testing of the model and its practicality is needed to realize the potential for developing patient-centered care in dentistry, indicating the rising importance of this model and its timely implementation in dentistry.
Implementation and Application of a Method for Measuring Traction Forces to Characterize Deficient CNP Signaling in Mouse Fibroblasts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Adherent cells respond to changes in their microenvironment by generating internal forces that are transferred to the substrate to which they are attached. Manipulation of cellular signaling pathways also influences the response to these changes and can direct cells to pathological outcomes. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), through the NPR-B receptor, has been shown to protect quiescent fibroblasts in heart valves from differentiating into myofibroblasts that contribute to development of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Here, I implemented and validated a method for quantifying cellular traction forces
Canonical mRNA cap binding proteins have distinct roles in regeneration from the fish specific ortholog eif4e1c

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Zebrafish are valuable models for cardiac regeneration due to their remarkable ability to regenerate heart tissue. Our research focuses on the eIF4E family of translation initiation factors, which are suspected to play a role in this process. While canonical eIF4E is found in all terrestrial vertebrates and is essential for cell viability, zebrafish also contain an additional ortholog that is unique to aquatic vertebrates, called eif4e1c. Previously, we showed that deletion of eif4e1c impaired growth, survival, and heart regeneration. It is unclear whether these phenotypes result from the reduced total level of cap-binding proteins-or if eif4e1c has specialized functions. To investigate further, we used CRISPR to make zebrafish deletion mutants for canonical eif4ea and eif4eb. Concurrent deletion of eif4e1c and eif4ea resulted in a further mortality and size deficits when compared to the solo eif4e1c mutants. Compound mutants of eif4e1c and eif4eb found similar growth defects, but no exacerbation of mortality. The eIF4E family of translation initiation factors are required for viability in eukaryotes from yeast to mice. Surprisingly, deletion of both eif4ea and eif4eb did not result in any obvious phenotypic changes in survival, growth, nor heart size. However, it was found that the loss of canonical eif4ea or eif4eb alone results in improved cardiomyocyte regeneration, and impaired fin regeneration. Compound mutants of a canonical and eif4e1c lose these regeneration phenotypes suggesting a “goldilocks” threshold where eif4e1c begins to compensate fully for the loss of canonical factors. This is to say, there may be a required ratio – canonical factors to eif4e1c – which allows for compensation. These results suggest eif4e1c can fully compensate for the loss of the canonical EIF4E factors, while the canonical factors only partially compensate for the loss of eif4e1c. This suggests that the fish specific eif4e1c ortholog is a bona fide translation initiation factor with additional functions that impact growth and survival.
Microglia of the Brain: Origin, Structure, Functions

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The review summarizes data on microglyocytes in the brain of mammals. General characteristics and features of their structure, functions and molecular organization at different ontogenetic stages are addressed. A special focus is on various hypotheses of the origin of microglia and current ideas about the involvement of microglyocytes in the regulation of neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. The data of recent experimental studies on toxic effects on microglia are critically analyzed. We point out the prospects for using the methods of selective microglia depletion (replacement) in modeling neuropathologies. This approach is supposed to enable assessment of the microglial contribution to the development of adaptive and neurodegenerative processes.