jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Temporal dynamic effects of cortical resilience proteins on trajectories of cognitive aging

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background In prior work we identified cortical resilience proteins associated with the linear trajectories of cognitive decline independent of the effects of neuropathology. Some of these proteins were associated with slower and some with faster cognitive decline. We tested the hypothesis that the temporal onset and duration of effects of cortical resilience proteins associated with cognitive trajectories may vary in aging adults. Method We used data from 1,088 older participants (31% males, mean age at death =89.7, SD = 6.4; mean education = 16.3 years, SD = 3.6) from two clinical‐pathologic studies. Participants completed a battery of 19 cognitive tests annually, underwent neuropathologic examination, and had targeted proteomic analysis performed in the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex. To identify cortical resilience proteins, we first ran linear mixed effects models with cognitive decline as outcome, and the proteins as predictors, controlling for the effects of neuropathologic indices. To estimate the temporal effect of the identified resilience proteins on cognitive decline, we then ran functional mixed effects models, which allow i) individuals to have heterogeneous (linear and nonlinear) patterns of cognitive decline, and ii) the influence of predictors to vary flexibly over time. Result We identified 40 cortical resilience proteins which linear and nonlinear effects on cognitive decline spanned the entire studied trajectory of up to 25 years of follow‐up. We found that the effects of 17 proteins were significantly nonlinear: while 10 were associated with higher resilience, 7 were associated with lower resilience. The onset of effects of these proteins showed that i) the effects of higher resilience (slower rate of decline) proteins start up to 23 years before death, while the effects of the lower resilience (faster rate of decline) proteins are restricted within the last 7 years of life. Conclusion Multiple cortical proteins may underlie the resilience afforded by varied lifestyles and behaviors. Yet, the temporal window during which different proteins may provide cognitive resilience may vary. Different analytic techniques may be needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying cognitive resilience and their critical temporal window during later life.
Effects of perfectionism and negative attributional style on academic achievement

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Cilj ovog istaživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost negativnog atribucijskog stila, perfekcionizma i percepcije uspjeha kod neuspjesnih studenata. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 120 studenata (60 redovnih studenata i 60 studenata koji studiraju najmanje dvije godine dulje od ocekivanog). Izraženost perfekcionizma mjerena je APS-R, a izraženost negativnog atribucijskog stila ASQ-om. Dobiveni rezultati ukazali su da su perfekcionizam i atribucijski stil bolji prediktori subjektivne percepcije neuspjeha nego li realnih poteskoca u studiju. Negativni perfekcionizam i negativni atribucijski stil najizraženiji su kod studenata koji nisu zadovoljni svojim uspjehom, ali se nemaju volje vise potruditi. Ovakvi rezultati ukazuju da je u radu s neuspjesnim studentima potrebno obratiti pažnju na perepciju vlastitog (ne)uspjeha, na uobicajene obrasce tumacenja (ne)uspjeha te na izraženost negativnih dimenzija perfekcionizma.
Inscriptions in the Churchyard of St. Nicholas, Deptford

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Inscriptions in the Churchyard of St. Nicholas, Deptford Get access G. S. Parry G. S. Parry 1Lieut.-Col. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s12-IX, Issue 169, 9 July 1921, Pages 22–24, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s12-IX.169.22 Published: 09 July 1921
Antral gastrin-producing G-cells and somatostatin-producing D-cells in different states of gastric acid secretion.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The number of G- and D-cells per area and the ratio of G/D-cells were investigated in biopsy specimens of the pyloric antrum from normochlorhydric subjects without peptic ulcer, from patients with duodenal ulcer, gastrinoma, pernicious anaemia, and after selective proximal vagotomy. Compared with normochlorhydric subjects antral G-cell density was significantly raised in pernicious anaemia, unchanged in duodenal ulcer, and diminished in gastrinoma patients. After vagotomy G-cell density was found to be raised if compared with patients with duodenal ulcer. D-cell density was significantly increased in gastrinoma patients, unchanged in duodenal ulcer, and diminished in pernicious anaemia and after vagotomy. The G/D-cell ratio was increased in pernicious anaemia and after vagotomy, unchanged in duodenal ulcer, and decreased in gastrinoma patients. It is concluded that the antral pH governs the ratio of G- and D-cells. Therefore, the G/D cell ratio increases in states of reduced acid secretion and decreases in massive hyperchlorhydria. Hypergastrinaemia as such does not affect the G/D-cell ratio.
On initialization of Max's algorithm for optimum quantization

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Two methods for initializing J. Max's (1960) iterative algorithm for optimum quantization for a rapid convergence of the algorithm are derived and tested. The methods, which are based on making an intelligent guess of the starting point, perform considerably better than the existing methods for a wide class of reasonably well-behaved unimodal density functions, while the amount of computations involved is negligible compared with what is involved in a single iteration of Max's algorithm. An interesting relationship between optimum quantizers of different levels is revealed in the derivation of these methods. This relationship could also be useful for scalar quantizer design.< >
An Approach for the Detection of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

diabetic retinopathy is the most advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy, and is classified by the growth of new blood vessels. These blood vessels are abnormal and fragile, and are susceptible to leaking blood and fluid onto the retina, which can cause severe vision loss. This paper proposes a method by combining prior works of Keith A.Goatman et al.(2011) and Gopal Datt Joshi et al (2011) for the detection of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. First, vessel-like patterns are segmented by using Ridge Strength Measurement and Watershed lines. The second step is measuring the vessel pattern obtained. Many features that are extracted from the blood vessels such as shape, position, orientation, brightness, contrast and line density have been used to quantitate patterns in retinal vasculature. Based on the features extracted, the segment is classified as normal or abnormal by using Support Vector Machine Classifier. The obtained accuracy may be sufficient to reduce the workload of an ophthalmologist and to prioritize the patient grading queues.
From Marketing to Digital Marketing

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The digital transformation and digital marketing are supported by a range of information technologies. The key role of a digital marketing department is to build, nurture, manage and commercially animate a set of digital communication and interaction channels which make up its “digital ecosystem”. Performance measurement is essential for the management of marketing activities. In the digital field, measuring devices enable real-time monitoring with high precision. Customer experience consistency across the various touchpoints of the digital ecosystem and beyond, in all interactions with a brand, including the real world, is ensured by a set of guidelines for graphic charters, editorial charters and prescriptions as well as operating guides aimed at making the expression of the brand and the behavior of its representatives consistent. Newsletters are still an invaluable tool for digital marketing. Social media has generated lots of interest in the field of digital marketing.
Progestin-induced liver injury in an asymptomatic patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of a female in her mid-40s diagnosed as norethisterone-induced liver injury. Our patient presented to the medical gastroenterology clinic with an incidental finding of progressively increasing transaminases. A detailed evaluation strongly supported our suspicion of progestin-induced liver disease with prompt reversal after discontinuation of norethisterone. Various clinical trials on the safety and efficacy of norethisterone suggest that liver injury is not a common adverse event associated with norethisterone use. Oestrogens are more commonly, and progestogens are less frequently,associated with a spectrum of liver abnormalities, including hepatocellular or cholestatic types of injury, peliosis hepatitis and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. It may be a completely incidental finding, as in our patient. Our patient lacks cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia, which are typically associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), or alcohol use. Awareness of rare adverse drug reactions, as in this case with norethisterone, is vital for prompt diagnosis and effective management and hence prevention of potential morbidity and mortality. We discuss the various aspects of evaluating suspected drug-induced liver injury, combining clinical assessment with the use of diagnostic tools such as Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method to aid in identifying the offending agent.
Degradation of TRF immunoreactivity in rat hypothalamus, extrahypothalamic brain and pancreas

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The endogenous TRF as measured in radioimmunoassays of chromatographically purified extracts of excised hypothalami, extrahypothalamic brains and pancreas was shown to be stable in intact organs and homogenates. However, synthetic TRF added to tissue homoge‐nates was degraded. Sonication of the homogenates liberated endogenous TRF for degradation. Chromatographically purified tissue extracts of hypothalamus, extrahypothalamic brain and pancreas were degraded similarly by rat serum. These results suggest that the major portion of endogenous TRF occurs in a protected form in tissues and hence the physiologically effective amount of TRF must be very low when compared to its total content in tissues.
The Climate Sadness program of Internet-based treatment for depression:

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper reports the results of an open trial of an Internet based clinician-assisted computerized cognitive behavioural treatment (CaCCBT) program for depression. Thirteen participants meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association – 4th Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for Major Depression were recruited. Participants completed 6 on-line lessons and weekly homework assignments, received frequent email contact from a clinical psychologist, and contributed to a moderated online discussion forum with other participants. Paired sample t-tests and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were calculated using an intention-to-treat design. Seventy seven percent of participants completed the 6 lessons during the 9 week
Evaluating the feasibility, experiences, facilitators of and barriers to carers and volunteers delivering Namaste Care to people with dementia in their own home: a qualitative interview study in the UK and the Netherlands

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To evaluate the feasibility, facilitators of and barriers to delivering Namaste Care by volunteers and family carers to community-dwelling people with dementia, and to map family carers and volunteers’ experiences with the programme. Design Qualitative interview study with two phases: (1) preparation phase; (2) pilot phase. Setting Private residences of community-dwelling people with dementia in the UK and the Netherlands. Participants Family carers and volunteers of community-dwelling people with dementia (phase 1: 36 Dutch interviews, phase 2: 9 Dutch and 16 UK interviews). Intervention Namaste Care is a multicomponent psychosocial programme, originally developed for people with dementia residing in long-term care facilities. Meaningful activities were offered by carers and volunteers. Each person with dementia was offered 10 one-hour sessions. Results Phase 1: Namaste Care was deemed feasible for community-dwelling people with dementia and no major adaptations to the programme were considered necessary. Phase 2: perceived effects of Namaste Care on people with dementia included improved mood and increased interaction. The programme appeared enriching for both family carers and volunteers, providing joy, respite from care and new insights for coping with challenging behaviour. A flexible attitude of the Namaste provider facilitated its delivery. High caregiver burden and a strained relationship between the family carer and person with dementia were considered barriers. Experiences of family carers and volunteers with Namaste Care were very positive (mean satisfaction rating: 8.7 out of 10, SD=0.9, range 7–10). Conclusion We recommend offering Namaste Care delivered by volunteers, preferably multiple sessions per week of 1.5–2 hours to optimise quality of life of community-dwelling people with dementia. Working with well-matched, flexible Namaste providers is pivotal. Family involvement should be encouraged, although the extent should be adapted depending on preference, caregiver burden and the relationship between the family carer and the person with dementia. Trial registration number NL5570
Synthesis of 2′-Deoxy-9-deaza Nucleosides Using Heck Methodology

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

During the synthesis of a series of 2'-deoxy-9-deaza nucleosides using Heck methodology, the necessity for a pyrrole protecting group was discovered. The results of this brief study revealed that the benzyloxymethyl (BOM) group proved optimal, and Heck coupling using Jeffery conditions increased the coupling yield significantly. The results are reported herein.
Little boy : the arts of Japan's exploding subculture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Little Boy examines the culture of postwar Japan through its arts and popular visual media. Focusing on the youth-driven phenomenon of otaku (roughly translated as 'geek culture' or 'pop cult fanaticism'), Takashi Murakami and a notable group of contributors explore the complex historical influences that shape Japanese contemporary art and its distinct graphic languages. The book's title, Little Boy, is a reference to the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima in 1945, thus clearly locating the birth of these new cultural forms in the trauma and generational aftershock of the atomic bomb. This generously illustrated book showcases the work of key otaku artists and designers, many of whom are cult celebrities in Japan, and discusses their feature film and video animations, video games and internet sites, music, toys, fashion and more. In the process, the following questions are posed: What is otaku? How is it related to the pervasive and curious fixation on 'cuteness' evident in Japanese popular culture? What impact did the atomic devastation of World War II have on the development of Japanese art and culture? This brilliantly designed, bilingual (English and Japanese) publication examines these themes to explore how contemporary Japanese art has become inseparable from the subcultural realms of manga and anime (Japanese animation), a world where meticulous technique, apocalyptic imagery and high and low cultures meet. Exhibition schedule: Japan Society, New York City, April-July 2005 other venues to be announced.
Phytochemicals and Antioxidant of Seaweed Tea Padina Australis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

seaweed contains bioactive compounds that can be used to support human health. One of the seaweeds that are widely found in Indonesia is seaweed / brown algae. An example of brown algae, one of which is Padina australis. Padina australis is a seaweed that contains many bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and antioxidants. However, Padina australis is not widely applied and used in processed food products. So in seaweed research, Padina australis is used as seaweed tea. In this study, Padina australis seaweed tea was carried out the difference in length of immersion with hot water and the treatment of immersion time is 0 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 15 minutes. The bioactive compounds studied are alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the difference in immersion time there are bioactive components in the form of phytomias contained in Padina australis tea, among others: alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins in each treatment (0 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 15 minutes). In the test the highest antioxidant activity on P4 treatment (15 minutes) was 47.7% and for the lowest on treatment P2 (5 minutes) by 44.8%.
A new determination of the gas constant by an acoustical method

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new determination of the gas constant has been made using a method in which the velocity of sound in argon was measured by means of an acoustic inteferometer operated at a temperature close to 273.16 K. Ninety-eight independent velocity measurements were made over a pressure range from 30 to 200 kPa to enable the velocity at zero pressure to be deduced by extrapolation. By using this experimental value, a new value for the gas constant of 8315.73 + 0.17 J K _1kmol_1 was deduced. This is higher than the old value for R , obtained from measurements of the density oi oxygen, by 159 p.p.m. (parts/106).
pRb is necessary for inhibition of N-myc expression by TGF-β1 in embryonic lung organ cultures

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Theβ type transforming growth factors (TGF-β) are potent inhibitors of epithelial cell proliferation, and data suggest that growth inhibition by TGF-β1 is mediated through suppression of Myc family genes in certain cell types. Indirect evidence has indicated that the product of the retinoblastoma gene (pRb) may also be involved in this pathway. Previously, we have shown that TGF-β1 inhibits branching morphogenesis and N-myc expression in mouse embryonic lung cultures. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of pRb in the inhibition of branching morphogenesis and N-myc expression by TGF-β1. Treatment with TGF-β1 was shown to inhibit development of lungs from homozygous Rb null (Rb−/−) and heterozygous null (Rb+/−) mouse embryos to the same extent as lungs from wild-type (Rb+/+) embryos. However, TGF-β1 treatment did not suppress N-myc expression in Rb−/− as it did in Rb+/+ embryonic lung explants as determined by in situ hybridization and quantitative RT-PCR. The effect of TGF-β1 treatment on N-myc expression in lungs from Rb+/− embryos was intermediate between that seen in Rb+/+ and Rb−/− embryos. Embryonic lungs derived from transgenic mice expressing the SV40 large T-antigen in lung epithelium under the control of the surfactant protein C promoter also showed inhibition of development in response to TGF-β1 treatment. The data demonstrate that pRb is necessary for TGF-β1 suppression of N-myc expression but not for TGF-β1 inhibition of branching morphogenesis; therefore, suppression of N-myc is not necessary for inhibition of branching morphogenesis by TGF-β1.
Aberrant Virion Assembly and Limited Glycoprotein C Production in Varicella-Zoster Virus-Infected Neurons

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Highly pure (>95%) terminally differentiated neurons derived from pluripotent stem cells appear healthy at 2 weeks after infection with varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and the cell culture medium contains no infectious virus. Analysis of the healthy-appearing neurons revealed VZV DNA, transcripts, and proteins corresponding to the VZV immediate early, early, and late kinetic phases of replication. Herein, we further characterized virus in these neuronal cells, focusing on (i) transcription and expression of late VZV glycoprotein C (gC) open reading frame 14 (ORF14) and (ii) ultrastructural features of virus particles in neurons. The analysis showed that gC was not expressed in most infected neurons and gC expression was markedly reduced in a minority of VZV-infected neurons. In contrast, expression of the early-late VZV gE glycoprotein (ORF68) was abundant. Transcript analysis also showed decreased gC transcription compared with gE. Examination of viral structure by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed fewer viral particles than typically observed in cells productively infected with VZV. Furthermore, viral particles were more aberrant, in that most capsids in the nuclei lacked a dense core and most enveloped particles in the cytoplasm were light particles (envelopes without capsids). Together, these results suggest a considerable deficiency in late-phase replication and viral assembly during VZV infection of neurons in culture.
Evaluation And Determination of Azadirachtin and Fatty Acid Constants from The Leaves of Azadirachta Indica

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to evaluate the concentration of azadirachtin and the fatty acid constants of neem leaf oil for its potential as a bio-insecticide, cosmetics, and nutritional supplements. The objective is to quantify azadirachtin using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and assess the oil’s phytochemical properties. HPLC analysis, using a reverse-phase column with a methanol mobile phase (60:40), revealed the highest azadirachtin concentration in semi-dried leaves (20.12 µg/mL), followed by fresh (11.7µg/mL) and dried leaves (5.85 µg/mL). Analytical tests determined the acid value (4 mg NaOH/g oil), saponification value (140 mg NaOH/g oil), iodine value (15 mg I₂/100g oil), RM value (27.5 mg NaOH/g oil), and Polenske value (50 mg NaOH/g oil). These results highlight neem leaf oil as a promising source of bioactive compounds, suitable for pharmaceutical and industrial use. The study confirms the efficacy of HPLC in quantifying azadirachtin and emphasizes neem's diverse applications.
Secondary motion impact on momentum and heat transfer in a fully developed turbulent channel flow.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Surface structuring in form of streamwise-aligned triangular ridges is investigated in a DNS of a fully developed turbulent channel flow with constant wall temperatures of different values prescribed on the upper and lower walls at Reτ = 180,500 and 1000. Two arrangements of the ridges on both channel walls are considered − a symmetrical arrangement and a staggered arrangement with a spanwise shift of the upper wall structure by a half ridge-to-ridge separation. The ridges generate a strong large-scale secondary motion and hence enhance momentum and heat transfer in the channel. The composition of skin friction coefficient and Stanton number vary depending on Reτ and structure arrangement from 7 to 32%. The component wise split-up of the Stanton number shows that staggered arrangement performs better in terms of heat transfer at higher Reτ due to a more pronounced dispersive component.