jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SUSTAINABLE FOOD CONSUMPTION IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS IN POLAND

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of the paper is to identify changes in the food consumption of urban and rural households in Poland when it comes to sustainable consumption as well as evaluate if such changes are becoming more or less sustainable. Sustainable consumption is an element of sustainable development, which responds to the basic needs of people while not jeopardizing the needs of future generations. More sustainable food consumption is perceived to be a reduction of overconsumption, a decrease in the consumption of highly processed food and a shift in diet based less on animals and more on plants. The paper is mainly based on data from the Polish Central Statistical Office concerning meat, fruit and vegetable consumption. Some data about food waste were also used. The research shows that the food consumption pattern in rural households is less sustainable than in urban ones. Households living in rural areas consume more meat and less fruit and vegetables than urban ones. There is some evidence that the food consumption pattern in Poland is shifting towards a less sustainable one.
Knowledge of students of Warsaw Medical University about expanding professional competence of nurses and midwives with reference to prescribing medicines, writing out prescriptions, and referring for diagnostic tests

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background. Starting on January 1, 2016, specific groups of nurses and midwives have gained rights with respect to writing out prescriptions on medical orders and prescribing certain drugs, including writing out prescriptions for these medicines, as well as referring patients for diagnostic tests independently.Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of MUW students about the expanding professional competence of nurses and midwives.Material and Methods. Four hundred seventeen students, 83% women; mean age: 23 years (min. 18, max. 58, median: 23) took part in this study. Among them were students of: Medicine 35%, Nursing 25%, Public Health 20%, Midwifery 19%. First-year students comparised 30% of the participants, third-year – 28%, fourth-year – 14%, second-year – 12%, fifth-year – 10%, and sixth-year – 5%. Forty-three per cent of the study participants had already taken part in a medical law course. A voluntary and anonymous questionnaire study, a questionnaire developed by the authors, consisted of 3 parts: 13 close-ended questions on knowledge, 26 statements concerning attitudes assessed using the Likert scale, 8 demographic questions. The approval of the Ethical Review Board of Warsaw Medical University was not necessary.Results. Forty-two per cent of the students knew which legal act had been amended and 31% of the total knew the date of its entry into force. Fifty-three per cent knew that the new regulations were their rights. Twenty-five per cent of the study participants knew that their new powers concerned prescribing medicines, foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses and medical devices.Conclusion. The level of knowledge of students about the expanding professional competence of nurses and midwives with reference to prescribing medicines, writing out prescriptions, and referring for diagnostic tests is insufficient and needs to be improved. The study of students’ knowledge of and attitudes towards the new professional competence of nurses and midwives should be continued not only among Nursing and Midwifery students, but also among students of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Public Health.
Vestment brasses

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Vestment brasses Get access H. F. H. F. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s8-VIII, Issue 185, 13 July 1895, Page 28, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s8-VIII.185.28g Published: 13 July 1895
Identification of polyketide synthase gene clusters in a phage P1-derived artificial chromosome library of a Philippine strain of Streptomyces sp. PCS3-D2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A phage P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) library was constructed from genomic DNA of Streptomyces sp. PCS3-D2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening of the PAC library revealed two clones, PAC16D and P222O, which were positively identified to harbor polyketide synthase (PKS) Type I and PKS Type III gene clusters, respectively. Restriction enzyme digestion showed that PAC16D and PAC222O contained a 130 kb and a 140 kb insert, respectively. Results of sequencing and bioinformatics analyses revealed that PAC16D comprised of a full-length PKS type I bafilomycin gene cluster while PAC222O harbored truncated siderophore and putative gene clusters as well as a complete PKS III biosynthetic gene cluster. The PKS III gene cluster had three genes similar to alkyl resorcinol biosynthetic genes, however majority of the novel gene cluster had little similarity to known PKS Type III gene clusters. The successful cloning and identification of these gene clusters from Streptomyces sp. PCS3-D2 serve as the jump off point to further genetic manipulation in order to produce the insecticidal natural product in a heterologous host.
Über die Geburtswehen einer quantifizierenden Ökologie — der Streit um die Kieler Planktonexpedition von 1889

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In 1889 the Kiel plancton expedition started to perform the first quantitative analysis in marine ecology. The methods performed by this expedition caused an extensive discussion about the suitability of quantitative methods in a study of biological organizations. This discussion outlined the theoretical differences between the two main German schools in zoology: the descriptive morphology as performed by Ernst Haeckel and the analytical physiology as initiated by Emil DuBois‐Reymond. The present study describes the positions of both, the morphology and the physiology, one the one hand, to analyze the theoretical background of the new formed ecological science, and on the other hand, to outline some aspects of the principal situation of the German biology in the late 19th century. These more principal aspects are so more of interest as the discussion initiated by the Kiel plancton expedition extended to a controversy about the theoretical value of the theory of evolution. Implications for the theoretical basis of recent ecology are discussed.
Costs of mandatory international financial reporting standards: Evidence of reduced accrual reliability

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the impact of mandatory adoption of international financial reporting standards on accrual reliability. Using a large sample of Australian firm-years drawn from before and after the mandatory adoption of international financial reporting standards, we find that accrual reliability declined significantly after mandatory international financial reporting standards implementation. Working capital, non-current operating, and financing accruals all contribute to this decline. We also find that brand name audit firms (i.e. the Big four) are able to significantly attenuate any decrease in accrual reliability during the post international financial reporting standards period. Our results contrast with evidence identifying benefits of mandatory international financial reporting standards, such as increased value relevance, but are consistent with at least some degree of trade-off between relevance and reliability. Such trade-offs seem to have been largely ignored in prior examinations of the impact of mandatory international financial reporting standards.
On the roles of vascular smooth muscle contraction in cerebral blood flow autoregulation - a modeling perspective

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We here review existing models of vascular smooth muscle cell, endothelial cell and cell-cell communication, which have been developed to better understand vascular tone and blood flow autoregulation. In particular, we discuss models that intended to explain modulation of myogenic tone by intraluminal pressure in resistance arterioles. Modeling efforts in the recent past have witnessed a shift from empirical models to models with mechanistic details that underscore different physical aspects of vascular regulation. Future models should synthesize mechanistic interactions in a hierarchy, from molecular regulation of ion channels to whole organ blood flow control.
341 nm emission from hydride vapor-phase epitaxy ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Hydride vapor-phase epitaxy (HVPE) was used to grow aluminum gallium nitride-based p–n diode structures on sapphire (0001) substrates. In the diode structure, an n-type AlGaN photon-emitting layer was sandwiched between n-type and p-type AlGaN cladding layers that contained higher AlN concentrations. These diode structures were processed and subsequently packaged into transistor outline cans. The light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were characterized using a state-of-the-art spectroradiometer. LED spectral emission occurred at a peak wavelength of 341 nm with a typical full width at half-maximum of approximately 14 nm. Pulsed injection currents of 110 mA resulted in greater than 2 mW of optical output power at a wavelength of 341 nm. This HVPE-grown LED’s pulsed optical power output level is comparable to reported results on similar sized metalorganic chemical vapor deposition grown ultraviolet LEDs with emission wavelengths near 340 nm.
In search of ethics and integrity in HRD

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The title of this book is New Frontiers in HRD. For some researchers and practitioners, a discussion of ethics and integrity as a 'new' frontier may seem questionable. After all, a researcher might ask, 'So, what new research needs to be undertaken, and how will this work contribute to theory-building?' Practitioners might ask more down-to-earth questions, such as 'What ethical issues might I encounter? And, if such dilemmas do occur, how will any of this theoretical and research work enhance my own practices? Bottom-line, what contribution will this make to learning and performance in my organization?'
Evaluation of HPC simulation tools for efficient and cost-effective resource provisioning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

At the beginning of my internship, I was introduced to a few tools used at CERN. These tools include the HPCBatch cluster, where I was going to develop the project. The objective of the project is to study a new methodology of evaluating HPC clusters through simulations tools. Using simulation tools enable the possibility of knowing the cost-effectiveness and efficiency with precise results in advance. This methodology has the workflow shown below: 1. Obtain HPC application traces: by instrumenting applications using standard tools such as Score-P or Tau, we can generate detailed traces for each application. This way we can create a repository of HPC application traces. These can be generated by experts in the field. 2. Create simulation scenarios: by changing the component parameters, one can model faster CPUs or faster memory or storage according to the characteristics offered by vendors. 3. Explore cost-effective configurations: leveraging the application traces, we can use them as inputs for the simulator to evaluate different hypothetical scenarios. For instance, one where we invest more in a better network or a situation where we invest more in faster memory, or CPUs. Since the simulator has a graphical interface, this step (and the previous step) can be carried out by service managers, but also anybody in charge of resource procurement. Due to their expensiveness, knowing where the bottlenecks can be will save a lot of effort trying to optimize applications. Also, it can be useful by testing which applications are better for the existing HPC clusters, with the advantage of not having to saturate the cluster, delaying other possible results executing at that moment. This is applied either way to cloud environments and bare-metal.
Tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR regulates the switch in cancer cells between cell survival and cell death induced by autophagy in hypoxia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Autophagy is an intracellular lysosomal degradation pathway where its primary function is to allow cells to survive under stressful conditions. Autophagy is, however, a double-edge sword that can either promote cell survival or cell death. In cancer, hypoxic regions contribute to poor prognosis due to the ability of cancer cells to adapt to hypoxia in part through autophagy. In contrast, autophagy could contribute to hypoxia induced cell death in cancer cells. In this study, we showed that autophagy increased during hypoxia. At 4 h of hypoxia, autophagy promoted cell survival whereas, after 48 h of hypoxia, autophagy increased cell death. Furthermore, we found that the tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) decreased after 16 h in hypoxia. Furthermore, EGFR binding to BECN1 in hypoxia was significantly higher at 4 h compared to 72 h. Knocking down or inhibiting EGFR resulted in an increase in autophagy contributing to increased cell death under hypoxia. In contrast, when EGFR was reactivated by the addition of EGF, the level of autophagy was reduced which led to decreased cell death. Hypoxia led to autophagic degradation of the lipid raft protein CAV1 (caveolin 1) that is known to bind and activate EGFR in a ligand-independent manner during hypoxia. By knocking down CAV1, the amount of EGFR phosphorylation was decreased in hypoxia and amount of autophagy and cell death increased. This indicates that the activation of EGFR plays a critical role in the switch between cell survival and cell death induced by autophagy in hypoxia.
A distributed control technique for the multilevel cascaded converter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The modular multilevel cascaded converter (MMCC) has been considered as a promising solution for integrating the utility-grade renewables to the medium-voltage (MV) power system. However, the implementation becomes difficult with the centralized control architecture as the cascaded numbers increase. This paper presents a distributed control technique for the cascaded converter, which significantly reduces the complexity and increases the flexibility to expand the system. Experimental results carried out on a 7-level star-connected cascaded converter are included to validate the proposed approach.
Integrating Context-Awareness and Trustworthiness in IoT Descriptions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Internet of Things (IoT) refer to a broad spectrum of data, information, knowledge, products, devices, resources and services about whom descriptions of sufficient depth and precision should be published and made available in geographically distributed business networks in order maximize the benefits to industry and business. The stakeholders of IoT should have access to a user-centric, and service-centric framework so that they may query, discover, share, allocate, and exchange the IoTs, in order to achieve their business goals and maximize the economic value. This is possible if the IoTs are available, reliable, secure, and safe in all contexts. An added efficiency is achieved by introducing context-awareness for the IoTs in order that the IoTs for which accurate descriptions are available can be obtained at the right time, for the right price, and at the right location. In this paper, a framework meeting these objectives is proposed. Contexts and context-awareness, and trustworthiness issues are rigorously discussed and integrated with IoT descriptions.
Development of a GIS-based spatial decision support system for forest fire management

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Fire is an integral part of many ecosystems and plays an important role in maintaining their health and diversity. Forest fires at the same time can have negative socio-economic consequences and can adversely impact public health and safety, property and natural resources. Fire models are developed to assist managers in making informed decisions regarding suppression and evacuation during fire events and facilitating prevention and preparedness planning in times of high fire risk. The objective of this study is to develop a spatial decision support system (SDSS) for forest fire management. The SDSS is based on development and implementation of an integrated Geographic Information System (GIS) - based cellular automata (CA) model of forest fire behaviour, Web-CA modeling tool for fire behaviour, and GIS multicriteria evaluation (MCE) modeling tool for forest fire risk assessment. This study contributes to the field of GIScience, environmental modeling, and forest fire science and management.
Presentation Style of Bedhaya Bedhah Madiun Dance in Pura Mangkunegaran

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bedhaya Bedhah Madiun dance in Mangkunegaran is a dance repertoire Yogyakarta style that successfully has absorbed from Krida Beksa Wirama during the reign of Mangkunegara VII. Though, based on observation, the presentation style in Mangkunegaran has a significant difference from the Yogyakarta style. This article aimed to study about presentation style of Bedhaya Bedhah Madiun dance in Mangkunegaran to determine the forming of its presentation techniques. This study uses an ethnochoreology approach with archival research methods. The results showed that the style could be change as responses to challenges or problems from the sociocultural conditions. The forming of the Bedhaya Bedhah Madiun dance style in Mangkunegaran does not occur in an event but is a process. The presentation style formed because of a problem with the inheritance system so that it undergoes significant changes. The problem arises from social, political, cultural, and economic conditions. The response against those problems has to form the Bedhaya Bedhah Madiun dance characteristics in Mangkunegaran though not all were positive.
Bank Financing for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Libya

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) are of increasing importance for all national economies worldwide. Evidence already shows that SMEs are critical in key economic areas, including the distribution of income, the absorption of labour and the alleviation of poverty. As a result, SMEs have been increasingly the focus of policies and strategies that aim at achieving sustainable development goals in both developing and developed countries, regardless of any pre-existing differences in their underlying economic systems. However, despite widespread developments in recent decades, the lack of access to finance remains a formidable obstacle for SME development. In seeking to diversify its economy and reduce its over-reliance on the large firm- dominated oil sector, Libya has chosen to focus on the role of SMEs to assist in achieving myriad economic and social development objectives. However, as the case in many other developing countries, Libyan SMEs face difficulties obtaining external finance, yet, there has been very little research undertaken to investigate the issues associated with their access to finance. This is particularly the case with bank financing, which as elsewhere, is the most important source of external finance for SMEs.
Impact of isoniazid preventive therapy on mortality among children less than 5 years old following exposure to tuberculosis at home in Guinea-Bissau: a prospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective In a cohort of children less than 5 years old exposed to adult intrathoracic tuberculosis (TB) in 1996–1998, we found 66% increased mortality compared with community controls. In 2005, we implemented isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for children exposed to TB at home, and the present study evaluates the effect of this intervention on mortality. Setting This prospective cohort study was conducted in six suburban areas included in the demographic surveillance system of the Bandim Health Project in Bissau, the capital city of Guinea-Bissau. Participants All children less than 5 years of age and living in the same house as an adult with intrathoracic TB registered for treatment in the study area between 2005 and 2007 were evaluated for inclusion in the IPT programme. Main outcome measures (end points) The all-cause mortality rate ratio (MRR) between exposed children on IPT, exposed without IPT and unexposed community control children. Results A total of 1396 children were identified as living in the same houses as 416 adult TB cases; of those, 691 were enrolled in the IPT programme. Compared with community controls, the IPT children had an MRR of 0.30 (95%CI 0.1 to 1.2). The MRR comparing exposed children with and without IPT was 0.21 (0.0 to 1.1). The relative mortality in IPT children compared with community controls in 2005–2008 differed significantly from the relative mortality of exposed untreated children compared with the community controls in 1996–1998 (test of interaction, p=0.01). Conclusions In 2005–2008, exposed children on IPT had 70% lower mortality than the community control children, though not significantly. Relative to the community control children, the mortality among TB-exposed children on IPT in 2005–2008 was significantly lower than the mortality among TB-exposed children not on IPT in 1996–1998.
The effectiveness of sand play therapy in reducing aggression/ hyperactivity in preschoolers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Aim: This study examined the effectiveness of sand play therapy on reducing aggression/ hyperactivity in children was Kermanshah city. Materials and Methods: Experimental pretest - posttest control group and statistical methods of multivariate analysis of covariance. The population of 7-5 year old children with aggression/ hyperactivity in Kermanshah and simple random sampling. Of three regions of Kermanshah, six kindergarten (kindergarten through each zone two) were randomly selected. 54 children with behavioral disorders were diagnosed. The inclusion and Exclusion criteria based on, 30 children (10 girls and 20 boys) were randomly selected as the sample group and control group 15 patients 15 patients were examined. Behavioral disorders Questionnaire Rutter form B (1967) pre-test - post-test and one month after the intervention was completed by the teachers. The experimental group received 10 weekly sessions(45 minutes) of sand play therapy. Results: The results showed that the sand play therapy, significantly aggression/ hyperactivity reduced in children in the experimental group compared to control children. and these achievements were remained in one-month follow up. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the sand play therapy can be effective in reducing Behavioral disorders in children. and the necessity of using sand play therapy to reduce aggression/ hyperactivity and mental health in the children with this disorder have was emphasized.
Research and Design of Filter in Ship-Based Passive Tracking System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper mainly studies angle-measurement based multi-model filtering algorithm to overcome the existing problems in the applications of traditional filtering approaches for bearing-only target locating and tracking system. By analyzing bearing-only target motion characteristic and the feasibility of using multi-model technology, the IMM is adopt as filtering algorithm to solve existing problem. As the results, the two dimensional bearing-only tracking accuracy of real target is improved and false tracking is greatly limited. Moreover, computation cost of IMM is analyzed for the real-time demand of bearing-only tracking. Finally, this paper gives some concrete summary of multi-model choosing principle. The application of the proposed approach in a simulation system proves its effectiveness and practicability.