jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Attention and Cognitive Bias Modification Apps: Review of the Literature and of Commercially Available Apps (Preprint)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Automatic processes, such as attentional biases or interpretative biases, have been purported to be responsible for several psychiatric disorders. Recent reviews have highlighted that cognitive biases may be modifiable. Advances in eHealth and mHealth have been harnessed for the delivery of cognitive bias modification. While several studies have evaluated mHealth-based bias modification intervention, no review, to our knowledge, has synthesized the evidence for it. In addition, no review has looked at commercial apps and their functionalities and methods of bias modification. A review is essential in determining whether scientifically validated apps are available commercially and the proportion of commercial apps that have been evaluated scientifically.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this review was primarily to determine the proportion of attention or cognitive bias modification apps that have been evaluated scientifically and secondarily to determine whether the scientifically evaluated apps were commercially available. We also sought to identify commercially available bias modification apps and determine the functionalities of these apps, the methods used for attention or cognitive bias modification, and whether these apps had been evaluated scientifically.

METHODS

To identify apps in the published literature, we searched PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus for studies published from 2000 to April 17, 2018. The search terms used were “attention bias” OR “cognitive bias” AND “smartphone” OR “smartphone application” OR “smartphone app” OR “mobile phones” OR “mobile application” OR mobile app” OR “personal digital assistant.” To identify commercial apps, we conducted a manual cross-sectional search between September 15 and 25, 2017 in the Apple iTunes and Google Play app stores. The search terms used to identify the apps were “attention bias” and “cognitive bias.” We also conducted a manual search on the apps with published evaluations.

RESULTS

The effectiveness of bias modification was reported in 7 of 8 trials that we identified in the published literature. Only 1 of the 8 previously evaluated apps was commercially available. The 17 commercial apps we identified tended to use either an attention visual search or gamified task. Only 1 commercial app had been evaluated in the published literature.

CONCLUSIONS

This is perhaps the first review to synthesize the evidence for published mHealth attention bias apps. Our review demonstrated that evidence for mHealth attention bias apps is inconclusive, and quite a few commercial apps have not been validated scientifically.
Why do the chimpanzees of the Taï Forest share meat? The value of bartering, begging and hunting

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Meat sharing is common in chimpanzees. While being well-studied, it is still unclear what drives meat owners to relinquish nutritional benefits in favour of group members. The topic is rich in theoretical models, with support for different hypotheses coming from various chimpanzee populations. Few studies have considered several alternative hypotheses simultaneously, which provides insight into how multiple mechanisms interact to enable meat sharing. We investigated whether Reciprocal Altruism, Sharing-under-pressure, Mutualism, or Costly Signalling can explain meat sharing in Taï chimpanzees. We found evidence that chimpanzees exchange meat for support in aggressive interactions, supporting Reciprocal Altruism. We found partial support for Mutualism, as individuals who caught the prey ate more than others, and hunters who begged were more likely to receive meat than others. Finally, we found that begging led to sharing, possibly supporting the Sharing-under-pressure hypothesis. Various mechanisms can lead to meat sharing; the prevalence of one mechanism over another might result from their ability to adapt to the specific environmental and social conditions of the population.
Educational practices and the development of psychosocial skills in children aged 9 to 12 attending alternative schools of the second and third type

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper focuses on the possible effects of pedagogical practices on the development of psychosocial competencies of children attending alternative schools, and more specifically second and third type schools (Collot, 2017). For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted within 4 educational structures, interviewing children and learning facilitators.
Review of Phytochemical Compounds as Antiviral Agents Against Arboviruses from the Genera Flavivirus and Alphavirus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Arboviruses are a diverse group of viruses that are among the major causes of emerging infectious diseases. Arboviruses from the genera flavivirus and alphavirus are the most important human arboviruses from a public health perspective. During recent decades, these viruses have been responsible for millions of infections and deaths around the world. Over the past few years, several investigations have been carried out to identify antiviral agents to treat these arbovirus infections. The use of synthetic antiviral compounds is often unsatisfactory since they may raise the risk of viral mutation; they are costly and possess either side effects or toxicity. One attractive strategy is the use of plants as promising sources of novel antiviral compounds that present significant inhibitory effects on these viruses. In this review, we describe advances in the exploitation of compounds and extracts from natural sources that target the vital proteins and enzymes involved in arbovirus replication.
PAIN RELIEF AFTER SHOULDER SURGERY- WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE BLOCK WEARS OFF?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PAIN RELIEF AFTER SHOULDER SURGERY- WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE BLOCK WEARS OFF?Background and Aims:Brachial plexus blockade is an effective form of analgesia for shoulder surgery. Once the nerve block subsides the management of pain becomes a major challenge for anaesthetists. A standard for best practice suggests that 100% of patients should be satisfied with their pain management plan.Methods:Patientu2019s consented prior to surgery for a follow up telephone call 2-4 days post-operatively. It was agreed that formal ethics approval was not required and all data was anonymised. Detailed pain scores and analgesia requirements were explored on the follow up.Results30 patients identified, 8 lost to follow-up. The average blocks duration was 25.84 hours. 27% of patients reported severe pain at rest with 45% experiencing severe pain during movement. 36% of patients felt they did not have sufficient analgesia once discharged home. 8 out of 22 felt they needed stronger pain relief. All but 1 patient stated that they would have a repeat nerve block.Once the nerve block wore off it was clear that a large number of patients had inadequate analgesia. Despite the introduction of oxycodone to supplement analgesia, and a patient information leaflet to give advice on pain relief, patients often did not take analgesia as prescribed.Conclusions:Single injection brachial plexus blocks are limited to a time span shorter than the duration of moderate to severe post-operative pain. The gold standard technique is continuous interscalene blocks (CISB) albeit technically challenging. Future work should concentrate on overcoming the barriers to CISB and aim to increase its uptake.
A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing Tacrolimus with Intravenous Cyclophosphamide in the Induction Treatment for Lupus Nephritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As a standard treatment regimen for remission induction of proliferative LN, intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCYC) and corticosteroids has been widely accepted. However, cyclophosphamide (CYC) is associated with significant adverse effects. Tacrolimus, a T-cell-specific calcineurin inhibitor, shares similar immunosuppressive actions with cyclosporine. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare efficacy and safety between tacrolimus (oral administration and/or IV injection) and IVCYC in the induction treatment for LN. We identified 5 trials, including 225 patients. Meta-analysis showed that tacrolimus could significantly increase complete remission (RR 1.61, 95% CI, 1.17 to 2.23; P = 0.004), response rate (RR 1.25, 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.44; P = 0.001), serum albumin level (SMD 1.11, 95% CI, 0.17 to 2.06; P = 0.02) and anti-dsDNA negative conversion rate (RR 1.34, 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.78; P = 0.04), and decrease urine protein (SMD -0.52, 95% CI, -0.83 to -0.22; P = 0.0008), systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLE-DAI) (SMD -0.59, 95% CI, -1.00 to -0.19; P = 0.004) compared with that of IVCYC. The rates of gastrointestinal symptoms and irregular menstruation (or amenorrhea) were significantly lower in tacrolimus group than IVCYC group (RR 0.46, 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.93; P = 0.03 and RR 0.14, 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.50; P = 0.003). In conclusion, tacrolimus was found to be more effective and safer than IVCYC as an induction therapy for Chinese LN patients.
ISO 9000 : the competitive edge for manufacturing firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Developments in the business community in the recent years have increasingly been characterized by intensified economic competition and cooperation on a regional basis. The more competitive environment coupled with more discerning customer demands has vitalized the drive by companies to produce goods of consistently high quality which conform to or exceed customers’ requirements with the ultimate policy of greater customer satisfaction. Moreover, small local companies as well as multinational corporations have embarked upon the quest to achieve a testimony of the companies’ dedication to quality. This phenomena is well illustrated by the increased global interest in certification to ISO 9000 series of standards.
VI-Teologi Helli Barrang

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Talking about the Church and theology, especially Christian theology, the two are inseparable from each other. Theology is always related to spirituality, theology is also always defined as a science that studies / teaches about God as well as religion. In the KBBI itself, theology is defined as divine knowledge. While the church is always associated with Christians. church and Christians are inseparable parts. The church is known as a group/fellowship of people who believe in the Lord Jesus Christ. The church itself is not the building but the people. It is undeniable that there are still many Christians who have different understandings and do not know about it. In the church, Christians believe that God is present and working in their faith through Jesus Christ and the guidance of the Holy Spirit. The church is a community of believers who believe in Jesus Christ, their lives do not always go according to their reasoning. In the course of life, the church has experienced many struggles both from religion, culture, socio-economics that are developing in today's world. This happens because they hold on tight and think that the beliefs they hold are good and right. So this is what raises the question for Paul, what exactly is a church called, As we know that the definition of a church is a community of believers who are called out of darkness into the light of Christ.
p53 is covalently linked to 5.8S rRNA.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We report here the isolation and identification of the RNA specifically immunoprecipitated and covalently linked to the tumor suppressor gene product p53. After treatment with proteinase K, the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) band of p53 yields a single, discrete 157-nucleotide RNA, which was cloned, sequenced, and identified as 5.8S rRNA. 5.8S rRNA was obtained only after proteolysis of the p53 SDS-PAGE band. Free 5.8S rRNA did not comigrate with p53 in SDS-PAGE. This RNA was only immunoprecipitated from cells containing p53. Protein-free RNA obtained by proteolysis of the p53 band hybridized to the single-stranded DNA vector containing the antisense sequence of 5.8S rRNA. The covalence of the p53-5.8S rRNA linkage was demonstrated by the following findings: (i) p53 and the linked 5.8S rRNA comigrated in SDS-PAGE; (ii) only after treatment of the p53-RNA complex with proteinase K did the 5.8S rRNA migrate differently from p53-linked 5.8S rRNA; and (iii) this isolated RNA was found linked to phosphoserine, presumably at the 5' end. Covalent linkage to the single, specific RNA suggests that p53 may be involved in regulating the expression or function of 5.8S rRNA.
Implementation of The Iot System as The Condition Regulator of The Electrical Engineering Department's Laboratory Room

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Technological developments in the 4.0 era are currently growing rapidly, one of the advantages is that it makes it easier for users to control electronic equipment remotely. Only with a device, users can access all information through connectivity called the Internet of Think. The Internet of Things is a technological concept where all electronic equipment is interconnected with internet media so that it can be controlled or monitored from wherever the user needs it. The purpose of this research is to create a room condition control system based on the Internet of Think, where the device can be operated either automatically according to the schedule we set or manually. This system also has a monitoring system via a web server so that we can control and monitor the device without having to approach the device to turn it on or off. The device made in this study utilizes a temperature sensor and a smoke sensor as a sensor input medium to the controller. As an output, it utilizes a servo that is used to open and close the window so that the condition of the room can be controlled. To control the device remotely, the device is connected wirelessly by using wifi media which is one of the features of the nodemcu controller. The output of this research is the servo status on the window, fan, and air content displayed on the device and the web so that comfortable room conditions can be created according to the predetermined set point.
Scripting Defense: Textual Arguments and their Readers amid the Pursuit of Heresy in England

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article considers how writings that address the pursuit of heresy in England might have prepared their readers for heretical self-defense, and it surveys the emotional scripts of the Lanterne of Light, Wordes of Poule, Letter of Richard Wyche, and Testimony of William Thorpe, suggesting many lollard writings offer training in feeling as much as argument. This essay closely examines the advice on self-defense in the Sixteen Points, proposing that it aims to teach readers the simple strategy of denying anything they do not know to be true. However, teaching readers to doubt, as in the Dialogue between Reson and Gabbyng, is as important as teaching them to deny. The article finishes with the longest lollard defensive text, the Thirty-Seven Conclusions, showing how it uses doubt to construct its arguments, and even defend Wyclif himself.
Velocity anisotropy determination with the τ‐p method

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998Velocity anisotropy determination with the τ‐p methodAuthors: Marko MahDoughlas R. SchmittMarko MahEarth Materials Physics Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton and Doughlas R. SchmittEarth Materials Physics Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmontonhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820051 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820051FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1998 Pages: 2092 publication data© 1998 Copyright © 1998 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 06 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Marko Mah and Doughlas R. Schmitt, (1998), "Velocity anisotropy determination with the τ‐p method," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1000-1003. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820051 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Analysis of ethanol dehydration using membrane separation processes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract After the biomass pretreatment and fermentation processes, the purification step constitutes a major task in bioethanol production processes. The use of membranes provides an interesting choice to achieve high-purity bioethanol. Membrane separation processes are generally characterized by low energy requirements, but a high capital investment. Some major design aspects for membrane processes and their application to the ethanol dehydration problem are addressed in this work. The analysis includes pervaporation and vapor permeation methods, and considers using two types of membranes, A-type zeolite and amorphous silica membrane. The results identify the best combination of membrane separation method and type of membrane needed for bioethanol purification.
Head of Household and Supplementary Earner

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The household is a social and economic unit and the site of production and consumption. Household arrangements reflect and reinforce labor market norms, social and economic policies, workplace practices and cultural expectations about work and family life. Households are commonly used in surveys that generate demographic, labor force, time use and other data to inform social and economic policies. The male head of household and female supplementary earner is a common arrangement that reflects a gendered division of labor. Despite women's participation in the labor force economic inequality between women and men persists, which emphasizes the importance of a better understanding of intra‐household dynamics and the ways in which market inequalities are reflected and reproduced in the household.
Clearance Map for the Application of Workspace Skeleton-biased Motion Planning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Motion planning is the problem of finding a valid path for a moveable object from a start to a goal state. Current state-of-the-art sampling based planners are able to solve a variety of problems. Sometimes, it is difficult for them to find a collision-free path if the solution path is highly related to the workspace geometry and the free space is relatively restricted. Recent works have indicated that the planner can benefit from the inherent topological information in the workspace. These algorithms capture the topology of the free workspace in form of a graph called workspace skeleton. Nevertheless, they do not allow preferential selection of solution path if multiple paths exists. For example, some of the paths might not be feasible for robot of certain size. In this work, we address the preferential selection of paths based on the clearance requirements of the planning problem. To achieve this, we annotate the workspace skeleton with clearance information. Given the clearance requirements of the problem in form of a filter function, we generate a subgraph that only contains the edges from the original skeleton satisfying the function. This saves time in planning unnecessarily in regions of the workspace that are infeasible based on the clearance requirements of the problem. We study the impact of the annotated skeleton on the performance of one of the recent sampling based motion planner that uses workspace skeleton. We use two kind of filter function : one that filters edges based on the size of the robot, and other that forces following a specific route. Our results show improvement in planning time (6.5% in some cases) and in number of robot placements sampled before finding the solution path.This project is presented to refine embedded graph dynamically to prune out unfeasible paths in the environment that robot is struggling to go through and guide robot to more feasible paths with a algorithm called hierarchical aggregation.
Robust beamforming for multiuser MISO interference channel with energy harvesting constraint

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study the robust transmit beamforming and receive power splitting design for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer in multiuser multiple-input single-output interference channel with imperfect channel-state information at the transmitter. We consider two types of receivers, namely Type I and Type II receivers according to the ability of eliminating the interference from received signals. Following the worst-case model, we minimize the average total transmit power subject to a set of energy harvesting constraint and SINR constraint for Type I receiver or SNR constraint for Type II receiver, respectively. Based on the Lagrangian multiplier method, we propose a lower and upper bounds algorithm that is able to achieve a global optimum for Type I receiver. For Type II receiver, we transform this problem into a relaxed semidefinite programming problem, which can be solved efficiently. It is shown from simulation results that our proposed method outperform the non-robust scheme.
Production yields of 𝛽+ emitters for range verification in proton therapy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In-vivo Positron Emission Tomography (PET) range verification relies on the comparison of the measured and estimated activity distributions from β + emitters induced by the proton beam on the most abundant elements in the human body, right after (looking at the long-lived β + emitters 11 C, 13 N and 15 O) or during (looking at the short-lived β + emitters 29 P, 12 N, 38 m K and 10 C) the irradiation. The accuracy of the estimated activity distributions is basically that of the underlying cross section data. In this context, the aim of this work is to improve the knowledge of the production yields of β + emitters of interest in proton therapy. In order to measure the long-lived β + isotopes, a new method has been developed combining the multi-foil technique with the measurement of the induced activity with a clinical PET scanner. This technique has been tested successfully below 18 MeV at CNA (Spain) and will be used at a clinical beam to obtain data up to 230 MeV. However, such method does not allow measuring the production short-lived isotopes (lower half-life). For this, the proposed method combines a series of targets sandwiched between aluminum foils (acting as both degraders and converters) placed between two LaBr 3 detectors that will measure the pairs of 511 keV γ -rays. The first tests will take place at the AGOR facility at KVI-CART, in Groningen.