jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The stingless bees of Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aiming to know the diversity of stingless bees in southern Brazil, a review of 27 publications, reporting sampling of stingless bees in the state of Santa Catarina, covering a period of 30 years, was performed. The studies have been related to plant formations where they took place. A total of 51 species of 17 genera were obtained, six species (with four subspecies) in the genus Melipona. The studies took place in 19 municipalities. The vegetation type where more collections were undertaken was the rain forest. Most surveys were performed in the southern and northern mesoregions. Differences in the number of species reported by different authors refer to genera Cephalotrigona, Frieseomelitta, Lestrimelitta, Melipona, Mourella, Nannotrigona, Oxytrigona, Paratrigona, Partamona, Plebeia, Scaptotrigona, Schwarziana, Tetragonisca and Trigona. The causes of the differences may include anthropogenic factors. Santa Catarina State, in view of the verified number of species, stands as the last high diversity spot for stingless bees in Brazil, in a northern-southern perspective.
Automatic Quality Analysis for Film and Video Restoration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A considerable amount of work in larger film and video restoration projects is dedicated to manually exploring the audiovisual content in order to estimate the costs for restoration and to plan the restoration. Manual exploration is a significant cost factor. In this paper we propose automatic content analysis algorithms and summarization techniques which allow the reduction of manual inspection time in a software based restoration environment. The throughput requirement for analysis of dust and other defects is reached by sparse application of the detectors in the image sequence while retaining sufficient detection accuracy. Analysis result metadata are represented in a MPEG-7 standard compliant way. The proposed defect summary visualization tools facilitate efficient exploration of visually impaired content by the user.
BRCA Status Does Not Predict Synergism of a Carboplatin and Olaparib Combination in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Over 50% of epithelial ovarian cancers express the BRCAness profile that leads to a dysfunctional homologous recombination repair system. The combination of a dysfunctional homologous recombination repair system and a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor results in a synthetic lethal phenotype. The PARP inhibitor olaparib, approved as a monotherapy for patients with a germline BRCA mutation, has shown promising results in preclinical studies when combined with DNA damaging agents, such as carboplatin. However, dose-limiting toxicities have hindered the use of a combination therapy with olaparib in the clinical setting. By concurrent administration of carboplatin and olaparib at various molar ratios of drugs, the aim of this study was to explore the optimal dosing ratio of carboplatin-olaparib combinations in a comprehensive panel of eight BRCA-proficient and -deficient high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cell lines. Overall, synergy was observed in the BRCA1/2-mutated or defective cell lines when olaparib was combined at lower molar ratios of olaparib to carboplatin. Immunostaining of γH2AX foci revealed increased DNA damage as a result of this synergistic drug combination in the UWB1.289 paired cell lines. In vitro activity of the individual agents, carboplatin and olaparib, did not correlate with PARP1 expression in each cell line. Importantly, synergism was also observed in a subset of BRCA wild-type cell lines (OV90 and PEO4) suggesting therapeutic benefits of this combination beyond BRCA-dependent synthetic lethality. The administration of drugs at synergistic ratios has the potential to increase efficacy and reduce toxicity.
Can the Single-Leg Hop Distinguish Between ACL Reconstructed Individuals and Controls

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common orthopedic injuries (Sanders et al., 2016). Following reconstruction of the ACL a patient must be medically cleared before returning to full participation in sport or activities. The single-leg hop for distance test is one that is used to help determine a patient’s readiness to return to sport. A patient will pass this test if they achieve ≥90% symmetry in distance jumped with each leg, although this does not always mean that the limbs are working in the same way to achieve this symmetrical distance. Therefore, this study hoped to find other measures that could be added to strengthen the single-leg hop for distance test. \nKinematic and kinetic data were collected on 24 control participants and 6 ACL reconstructed (ACLR) participants as they performed the single-leg hop for distance test. Participants were asked to jump as far as they could, taking-off from one foot and landing on two. Hop distances were measured to calculate the hop distance limb symmetry index (LSI). Joint angular velocity and joint power were calculated at the hip, knee and ankle, but only the take-off portion of the hop was used for statistical analyses. A logistic regression was performed to predict participant group membership using knee joint power. \nAll controls and ACLR participants achieved a 90% hop distance LSI. Although all participants achieved ≥90% LSI, not all participants were symmetrical across all joints. Two participants, 1 ACLR and 1 control had knee power correlations less than 0.4, and even though their power correlation scores were low, their joint angular velocity correlations were higher. The logistic regression classified 1 control and 1 ACLR as ACLRs, while everyone else was classified as a control, although it was not significant.
Uncemented total hip arthroplasty. Wear is the problem

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>This thesis evaluates two total hip implant designs used in the younger aged patient population; (1) a cementless THR with a conventional cobalt on polyethylene (CoP) bearing and (2) a THR with a MoM bearing. An analysis into outcome and failure mechanisms on both designs was performed with focus on: The clinical outcome and survival of a conventional MoP THA cohort with the 24-year follow-up and an analysis into factors associated with clinical and radiographic outcome. The clinical evaluation of a large head MoM THA cohort. Analysis of failure of the MoM THA in relation to anatomical reconstruction of the hip. The failure mechanisms of the MoM THA as visualised at MRI images. The reproducibility of the histological scoring system of peri-articulair tissue reactions of failed MoM THA.<br /></p>
Brand Preferences and Factors Influencing for Purchase of Branded Ready-To- Eat Food Products in Belgaum City of Karnataka State, India

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Consumer behaviour in the purchasing of ready-to-eat products is very necessary to judge for the success of getting the right product. The raising urbanization, increasing middle-class population, increasing disposable income of middle-class population and changing taste preferences of Indian consumers may be attributed towards the raising demand of ready-to-eat food market. The present study is aimed to analyse the brand preference and factors influencing for purchase of ready-to-eat food products in Belgaum city of Karnataka state. Convenience sampling method was adopted to collect the data from the respondents. The study revealed that Good Day brand in biscuits and Big Bread among breads were the most popular and preferred brands among the majority of the respondents. Bingo was the most popular brand in chips followed by Lays and Haldirams, and MTR was most popular and preferred brand among maximum number of respondents in pickles followed by Mother’s receipe and More Choice. Maximum number of the respondents preferred Maaza brand (mean score of 71.93), followed by Frooti (mean score of 62.08) and Appy (mean score of 54.89). In case of fruit jam that, maximum number of the respondents preferred Kissan jam brand (mean score of 70.80), this was the oldest and most familiar brand among the respondents. Maximum number of respondents given first preference to Amul brand among the milk products. In case of kunda maximum number of respondents preferred Purohith brand because this was the only one brand which is very old and famous for its taste and quality in the study area. Brand loyalty was an important factor in preferring the ready to eat food products. Any firm entering this segment should study these things. The quality offered by the company, taste along with competitive price might lead to brand switching.
Philosophy and Philosophia Christi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Philosophy and Philosophia Christi" is an expansive treatment of the living example of Christian philosophy in Christ, through an analysis of texts by Erasmus that foreshadowed and support his 1515 Latin rendition of the New Testament, and his definition of said teachings as philosophia Christi. Domański defines philosophia Christi as a development of Erasmus' textual and historically driven understanding through many of his works. This grants the most efficient and widely applicable use of the term "philosophia" without ensnaring it to the "inclinations and intentions of the heart in syllogisms", but instead, as a way of life, transformative in its directness, and "most efficient" as an example of the "inextricable knot of 'life' and 'doctrine'."
Philosophy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Many introductory courses on ancient, or indeed modern, philosophy begin from the observation that the word ‘philosophy’ itself describes a ‘love of wisdom’. Christopher Moore's wide-ranging, original, and fascinating new book sets out to examine the value of that etymology. He argues persuasively that philosophos does not, in fact, originate as a label applied respectfully to pick out a ‘lover of wisdom’ for emulation. Rather, the term is appropriated and developed from its origins as a pejorative name applied to those perceived to be striving too hard and in the wrong way to achieve the status of sophos , a ‘sage-wannabe’ as Moore has it. As he is careful to emphasize, his history of the origins of philosophos and philosophia does not and need not coincide with the origin story of ‘philosophy’ as a certain kind of discipline involving a certain way of talking about specific questions. Nevertheless, by scrutinizing the origins of these terms and their application in the sixth and fifth centuries bce , Moore sets himself up to offer some further enlightening discussion of the fifth- and fourth-century development of the discipline of ‘philosophy’.
Imaging White Blood Cells using a Snapshot Hyper-Spectral Imaging System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Automated white blood cell (WBC) counting systems process an extracted whole blood sample and provide a cell count. A step that would not be ideal for onsite screening of individuals in triage or at a security gate. Snapshot Hyper-Spectral imaging systems are capable of capturing several spectral bands simultaneously, offering co-registered images of a target. With appropriate optics, these systems are potentially able to image blood cells in vivo as they flow through a vessel, eliminating the need for a blood draw and sample staining. Our group has evaluated the capability of a commercial Snapshot Hyper-Spectral imaging system, specifically the Arrow system from Rebellion Photonics, in differentiating between white and red blood cells on unstained and sealed blood smear slides. We evaluated the imaging capabilities of this hyperspectral camera as a platform to build an automated blood cell counting system. Hyperspectral data consisting of 25, 443x313 hyperspectral bands with ~3nm spacing were captured over the range of 419 to 494nm. Open-source hyperspectral datacube analysis tools, used primarily in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications, indicate that white blood cells' features are most prominent in the 428-442nm band for blood samples viewed under 20x and 50x magnification over a varying range of illumination intensities. The system has shown to successfully segment blood cells based on their spectral-spatial information. These images could potentially be used in subsequent automated white blood cell segmentation and counting algorithms for performing in vivo white blood cell counting.
Retroperitoneal Myoepithelial Carcinoma with Heterologous Bone Formation and EWSR1::ZNF444

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction/Objective Soft tissue myoepithelial tumors are rare tumors that affect a wide age range and diverse tissue sites. Fewer than five cases have been reported in the retroperitoneum. Most tumors are benign with the only histologic criterion for malignancy being cytologic atypia. The morphology is broad ranging from spindled to epithelioid cells of varying cellularity in sclerotic to myxoid stroma. Heterologous differentiation may be present. These tumors usually express cytokeratin, EMA, S100, and GFAP and show EWSR1 and FUS rearrangements. Here we present an unusual case of retroperitoneal myoepithelial carcinoma. Methods/Case Report A 29-year-old female presented with rash and painless jaundice. CT and MRCP revealed a relatively circumscribed 3.7 cm mass in the porta hepatis. On fine needle aspiration, a possible gastrointestinal stromal tumor was considered due to DOG1 expression. The patient underwent a Whipple procedure with negative margins showing tumor in soft tissue adjacent to the common bile duct. The tumor was multinodular and consisted predominantly of mild to moderately pleomorphic epithelioid cells in fibromyxoid stroma with interspersed woven bone. Mitoses were not appreciated, and necrosis not seen. The tumor was focally positive for CK AE1/AE3, GFAP, and DOG1 and negative for S100, SOX10, p63, and CD117. INI1 was retained. NGS identified EWSR1::ZNF44 and a diagnosis of myoepithelial carcinoma was rendered. The patient received no adjuvant therapy and has not shown any evidence of metastasis or recurrence for 17 months. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion Soft tissue myoepithelial carcinomas are aggressive tumors with approximately 40% recurrence and over 50% metastasis. Standard treatment is complete surgical resection. The efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy is not clear. EWSR1 fusions with various partners including POU5F1, PBX1/3, and ZNF44 have been identified. Due to their rarity and varying histology and immunohistochemical expression, identification of gene fusions can be invaluable in diagnosing soft tissue myoepithelial tumors, especially in unusual locations.
Site-Specific Detection and Characterization of Ubiquitin Carbamylation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The physiological consequences of varying in vivo CO(2) levels point to a general mechanism for CO(2) to influence cellular homeostasis beyond regulating pH. Aside from a few instances where CO(2) has been observed to cause post-translational protein modification, by forming long-lived carbamates, little is known about how transitory and ubiquitous carbamylation events could induce a physiological response. Ubiquitin is a versatile protein involved in a multitude of cellular signaling pathways as polymeric chains of various lengths formed through one of the seven lysines or N-terminal amine. Unique polyubiquitin compositions present recognition signals for specific ubiquitin-receptors which enables this one protein to be involved in many different cellular processes. Advances in proteomic methods have allowed capture and identification of protein carbamates in vivo, and Ub was found carbamylated at lysines K48 and K33. This was shown to negatively regulate ubiquitin-mediated signaling by inhibiting polyubiquitin chain formation. Here we expand upon these observations by characterizing the carbamylation susceptibility for all Ub amines simultaneously. Using NMR methods which directly probe (15)N resonances we determined carbamylation rates under various environmental conditions and related them to the intrinsic pK(a)s. Our results show that the relatively low pK(a)s for half of the Ub amines are correlated with enhanced susceptibility to carbamylation under physiological conditions. Two of these carbamylated amines, not observed by chemical capture, appear to be physiologically relevant post-translational modifications. These findings point to a mechanism for varying levels of CO(2) due to intracellular localization, cellular stresses, and metabolism to affect certain polyubiquitin-mediated signaling pathways.
Comparing Security Self-Efficacy Amongst College Freshmen and Senior, Female and Male Cybersecurity Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study sought to determine if there was a difference in the self-efficacy of freshman and senior, female and male Cybersecurity students relating to threats associated with various information systems. The design for this quantitative study was non-experimental, causal-comparative and known as group comparison used to determine if there was a causal relationship between variables. The method used to make that determination utilized a self-efficacy survey developed by Phelps (2005), to identify the independent variables specific level of self-efficacy. Research was conducted at a small, southern university with total of 33 participants. Each student was enrolled in the Computer Science Department at the university with varying levels of Cybersecurity experience. The research results did not predominately follow other research patterns. Even though there are multiple, historical instances of one’s self-efficacy showing considerable influence on an individual’s actions and approach to various threats, results from this study supported the lesser pervasive accounts where it does not. The results were in line with historical instances where self-efficacy did not play an influential part on one’s actions. In fact there was no statistically significant difference in the Cybersecurity self-efficacy of freshmen and senior, female and male students. Recommendations for future research include identifying why there was no difference between the groups with a larger research group and post hoc testing.
Liver lipid profiling of chemical‐induced phospholipidosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Lipids play important roles in multiple biological processes and its disorder is well associated with diseases and injuries. Thus, lipid profiling would be a useful to understand pathophysiology of but also to identify biomarker for chemical‐induced phospholipidosis. In the present study, we used rat model to overview liver lipid profiles of two types of phospholipidosis. Hepatic phospholipidosis were induced by treatment of clomipramine (CPM), imipramine (IMI), amitriptyline (AMT) and ketoconazole (KC) for 28 days. Phospholipidosis were determined by histopathological evaluation. CPM, IMI and AMT induced phospholipidosis in hepatocyte, while KC induced phospholipidosis in bile duct. To overview liver lipid profiles, we employed recently developed lipidomics platform with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS), whic hsimultaneously determine the levels of broad spectrum of lipids. In total, we determined and examined 138 lipids (62 phospholipids, 10 sphingolipids and 65 neutral lipids). Each chemical treatment have their corresponding control treated with vehicle. To identify specific lipid alterations in the liver, we employed multivariate orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. A bis‐monophosphatidic acid (BMP) (BMP[44:12]) and several triacylglycerols (TGs) were identified as specific lipids separating control and chemical‐treated rats in all models of phospholipidosis in the liver. The levels of BMP(44:12) were increased in the liver by chemical‐induced phospholipidosis. On the other hand, several TGs were increased in the liver by CPM, IMI and AMT but decreased by KC. Therefore, increased levels of BMP is common features of hepatic phospholipidosis and alteration of TGs might be associated with zone‐specific events in the liver. Our study provides the new insight into the alteration of liver lipidprofiles which probably reflecting chemical‐induced hepatic phospholipidosis and may help to understand its pathophysiology. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by the intramural research grant of National Institute of Health Sciences and the Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants (Grantnumber H028) from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfate of Japan.
The Impact of Diversity Training Programs in the Workplace and Alternative Bias Reduction Mechanisms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Corporations often start their diversity journey by providing their managers or all workers with diversity training. These trainings were first offered as race-relations sessions in the 1960s and are among the most popular tools for diversity managers. Diversity training programs have changed their content during the decades, but they usually include live or online explanations about unlawful discrimination and bias, often supplemented by discussions of cultural differences and business needs for diversity. Despite their popularity and often high costs, a large body of research conducted over decades shows that most diversity training programs do not lead to long-term improvements in participants’ bias, attitudes, behavior, or workforce diversity. Some studies also show that training has negative effects on bias and diversity. Factors that impede the success of diversity training or make them backfire include the hardwiring of cognitive biases and people’s complex reactions to direct attempts to change their biases, as well as the broader systemic biases rooted in everyday organizational routines. These suggest that common diversity training simply may not be the right tool for reducing bias and generating the changes needed for increasing workplace diversity. Some studies suggest that trainings’ effects could be improved by carefully designing them. This includes: avoiding training features that increase participants’ alienation, such as mandatory attendance, quizzes, and legalistic content; designing long-term training such that meaningful learning can be achieved; calibrating training to specific organizational challenges rather than using off-the-shelf content; and including ongoing collaborative contact with members of underrepresented groups and integrating training as part of broader diversity and accountability efforts. More research is needed to determine whether these types of training indeed produce sustained improvements in bias and diversity. Alternative bias reduction mechanisms can be found in popular management models that increase collaboration between workers, such as cross-functional teams and cross-training. Such collaborative teams and training improve corporate performance and, as a byproduct, also reduce bias. Cognitive biases are affected by the work contexts in which individuals operate. Highly segregated workplaces, where White people and men meet women and people of color (or other underrepresented groups) primarily in marginalized jobs, deepen group boundaries and strengthen stereotypes. When organizations create cross-functional collaborations using self-directed teams and cross-training, workers from different groups have more opportunities to collaborate and, as studies show, biases and group boundaries are reduced, and leadership diversity increases.