jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Some Studies on the Mechanism of Chip Formation during Machining of Chromium Manganese Austenitic Stainless Steel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The mechanism of chip formation during machining depends on the type of (i) work material, (ii) tool material, (iii) machining parameters, (iv) tool geometry, etc. It is difficult to understand the mechanism of chip formation without performing experimentation. The present effort has been made to know the mechanism of chip formation during the machining of chromium&ndash;manganese austenitic stainless (AST) steel. The chip formation mechanism study for the present steel has been conducted by performing (i) mechanical testing for the work material, (ii) chip type study, (iii) optical microstructural study of the chip surface, and (iv) SEM observation for the chip surfaces. The present chromium&ndash;manganese stainless steel (austenitic) was dry-turned in a lathe. Three different experiments were conducted. The input process parameters were v (speed), f (feed), and DOC (depth of cut). The chip reduction coefficient (CRC) and the von Mises stress (VMS) were the output response parameters. The chip thicknesses were measured. The steel specimen was tested on the universal tensile testing machine. The chip reduction coefficients (CRCs) and the von Mises stress were experimentally determined. The undersides of the chips were examined under a light microscope. The chip&rsquo;s top and bottom surfaces were viewed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The strain-induced martensite (SIM) formed at the chip surface (under) during the machining at the lower experimental parameters. The surface (underside) of the chip was influenced by the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and the dynamic precipitation (DP) during the machining at the higher experimental parameters.
Treatment of Osteoporosis/Osteopenia in Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of various treatment options for osteopenia and osteoporosis secondary to cancer treatment in pediatric patients undergoing cancer therapy. Data Sources: A systematic search of PubMed (1949–November 2008) and international Pharmaceutical Abstracts (to November 2008) was conducted using the following search terms: osteoporosis, osteopenia, pediatrics, cancer, neoplasms, chemotherapy, bisphosphonates, calcium, vitamin D, calcitonin, and physical therapy. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All prospective studies that evaluated various osteoporosis treatment options in pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy were included. Results from studies evaluating bisphosphonates and other treatments in children with osteoporosis due to other causes were also included if important safety and efficacy data were provided. Most commonly reported primary efficacy endpoints included comparisons of bone density parameters measured before and after treatment. Data Synthesis: Four clinical studies and 2 case reports describing treatment with bisphosphonates, specifically alendronate and Pamidronate, for osteoporosis or osteopenia in pediatric cancer patients were identified. Results from the trials showed that these medications were efficacious in reducing bone mineral density loss during cancer therapy and were well tolerated in this special population. Primary efficacy endpoints included improvements in Z-scores measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. The most commonly reported adverse effects included hypocalcemia, mild stomach upset, and infusion-related hyperpyrexia. Four additional clinical trials involving the treatment of osteoporosis or osteopenia in children and adolescents who developed bone degeneration after chronic steroid therapy are also included. In these trials, treatment options such as calcitonin, and calcium and vitamin D supplementation were also shown to be beneficial. Conclusions: The clinical trials published to date are limited to only a few conducted in small populations of patients diagnosed with lymphoblastic leukemia or non–Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, alendronate and Pamidronate both appeared to be effective options in improving bone mineral density scores with minimal adverse effects.
Governing for Revolution: Social Transformation in Civil War

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Prevailing views suggest rebels govern to enhance their organizational capacity, but this book demonstrates that some rebels undertake costly governance projects that can imperil their cadres during war. The origins for this choice began with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the Chinese Civil War. The CCP knowingly introduced challenging governance projects, but nevertheless propagated its strategy globally, creating a behavioural model readily available to later rebels. The likelihood of whether later rebels' will imitate this model is determined by the compatibility between their goals and the CCP's objectives; only rebels that share the CCP's revolutionary goals decide to mimic the CCP's governance fully. Over time, ideational and material pressures further encouraged (and occasionally rewarded) revolutionary rebels' conformity to the CCP's template. Using archival data from six countries, primary rebel sources, fieldwork and quantitative analysis, Governing for Revolution underscores the mimicry of and ultimate convergence in revolutionary rebels' governance, that persists even today, despite vast differences in ideology
Character building values represented in English textbook for junior high school

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Keyword: character building values, textbook, content analysis \nNational Education System No. 20/2003 chapter 3 mention the function \nof national education is to develop ability and build character in order to create an \nintelligible national life. So, it is very clear that the need of character building is \nvery important to be applied in education. Values education will help the student \nrealize, experience, and put it in an integral manner to their life. Values education \ncovered character, values, norm, and morals. Immanuel (2012:5) states that \ntextbooks are key component in most language program. Textbook in this case \nbecome very important in language rule especially as instructional material. The \nstudy was conducted to analyze whether the picture and utterance in textbook \n“Bahasa Inggris; when English rings the bell” that is developed by national \neducation department represent the aspect of character building values. \nThis study is aimed at getting finding of character building values appear \nin English textbook for junior high school and how are character building values \nrepresented in English textbook for Junior High School. More specifically, this \nstudy is to analyze whether picture and utterance reflect the eighteen character \nbuilding values. This study is limited to analyze picture and utterance in the \nEnglish textbook that represent character building values as a source of data. \nIn this research, the researcher used qualitative research method by using \ncontent analysis. The researcher describes the data is roommates will answer two \nresearch question of data analysis above. The main research instrument is the \nresearcher herself in looking and finding the data and also analyzing the data. \nThis research reveals that the book contains eighteen character building \nvalues appear in the English textbook, with details, there are eighteen character \nvalues represented in pictorial data, and seventeen character building values \nrepresented in utterance data. \nThe representation of character building values in this textbook is less in \ngrammar framework. The picture and utterance are not specifically mention five \ncompetencies of communicative, linguistic, socio cultural, strategic, and discourse \ncompetence. Hence, the visual grammar is better to be introduced to student to \ndevelop their analytical skill. It is recommended to the next researcher with \nsimilar study to comprehend the character building values is integrated in \ngrammar framework.
Wikipedia Complete Citation Corpus

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wikipedia Complete Citation Corpus (WCCC) is a corpus of citations, references and sources mined from the English Wikipedia. WCCC was created as a knowledge base used in a machine-learning model for recommending reliable sources to support (or refute) a given textual claim, but can be used for many other purposes. The solution was described in the paper "Countering Disinformation by Finding Reliable Sources: a Citation-Based Approach", presented at the 2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2022). Please refer to the article (in conference proceedings or authors' version) for more information on the process of mining the corpus, comparisons with similar resources and the role it plays in recommending sources. The research was done within the HOMADOS project at the Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences. WCCC contains 4.8 million documents with 50.8 million citations of 24.3 million sources. The dataset is divided into 10 parts (WCCC-part0.zip to WCCC-part9.zip) with approximately the same size. Each of the parts contains batch archives (e.g. batch130.zip), each covering up to 1000 Wikipedia articles. An article is identified by its ID number and described by the following files: <ID>_text.txt: the textual content of the article, <ID>_citations.txt: the citations occurring in this article, saved as tab-separated values of (1) character offset in the textual content and (2) reference ID, <ID>_references.txt: the references cited in the article, saved as tab-separated values of (1) reference ID and (one or many) pairs of (2) source ID and (3) location in the source (e.g. page number), <ID>_sources.txt: the sources referenced in the article, saved as tab-separated values of (1) source ID and (2) source description (in wikicode). <ID>.txt: human-readable text, created by enriching textual content with the article title and reference IDs. Additionally, article metadata are included in the meta.tsv file. Each line describes a single article through the following tab-separated fields: article ID, title of the article, Wikipedia ID of the article, which can be used to access the article through URL, i.e. https://en.wikipedia.org/?curid=<WIKI_ID> length of the textual content of the article (number of characters), number of sources in the article, number of references in the article, number of citations in the article. Files metaTrain.tsv and metaTest.tsv contain the same information, but split into training and test set, as used in the work. Please refer to the paper for an in-depth explanation of the data structure (citations, references, sources, etc.). WCCC was created using Wikipedia dump from 01.02.2021, but you can repeat the mining process using a different dump (or different procedure) by using the published source code. If you intend to apply the corpus in a fact-checking use-case, you might also look at the evaluation datasets we publish separately, one of which is based on WCCC with additional elements (e.g. source identifiers: URL/ISBN/DOI).
Membentuk Akhlak Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 Dengan Peran Pendidikan Agama Islam

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Education has always been the main pillar in building national morals, including in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. The rapid development of technology has brought major changes in various areas of life, including education. This has a negative impact on the morals and character of society. On the one hand, this progress increases access and quality of education. The aim of this research was to clarify the role of Islamic religious education for students in this revolutionary era. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study research methodology. Islamic religious education provides a strong moral foundation in facing the challenges of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era, where rapid change and technological advances can blur ethical and moral values. Islamic religious education not only helps students understand religious values, but also forms strong characters, making them honest, integrity and responsible individuals. This shows that Islamic religious education contributes significantly to social and moral development, which will ultimately support the creation of a more harmonious and prosperous society. Apart from the role of Islamic religious education, Islam also plays an important role in the formation of morals. Islam helps students understand religious values. Today's young generation must have high morals, be honest, believe in individuals, and contribute actively to society.
Enhanced Bioavailability of Glimepiride in the Presence of Boswellic Acids in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of Boswellia serrata standardized extract (BSE) and Boswellic acids (BA) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glimepiride in normal as well as diabetic rats was studied.In normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats the combination of glimepiride with BSE and BA increased all the pharmacokinetic parameters, such as Cmax, AUC0-n, AUCtotal, t½, MRT and decreased the clearance, Vd markedly as compared with the control group.In pharmacodynamic studies, the combination of glimepiride with BSE and BA provided significant protection against the diabetes induced alterations in the biochemical parameters.In addition, the combination of glimepiride with BSE and BA also improved the total antioxidant status and reduced the lipid peroxide levels significantly in diabetic rats compared with BSE, BA and glimepiride alone treated groups.The results revealed that a combination of glimepiride with BSE and BA led to the enhancement of the bioavailability of glimepiride by inhibiting the CYP2C9 enzyme, which suggested that boswellia might be beneficial as an adjuvant to glimepiride in a proper dose, in diabetic patients.
Japanese EFL Learners' Native-like Parsing of PP Attachment Ambiguity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

VP-attachment in (2a) is based on Minimal Attachment (MA) (fewer syntactic nodes preferred (Frazier 1979)), whereas DP-attachment in (2b) is motivated by Late Closure (more recent attachment preferred (Frazier 1979)). At the second PP (PP2), (1) is disambiguated, supporting DP-attachment. It has been demonstrated that native speakers of English show a garden-path effect in (1) (see, e.g., Ferreira & Clifton 1986; Frazier 1987; Tanenhaus et al. 1995). Their preferred, initial analysis adopting MA-based VP-attachment as in (2a) turns out to be incorrect at PP2 because no attachment site is available for that PP, and thus reanalysis into DP-attachment as in (2b) is required. Hirose et al. (2008) found in the higher-proficiency Japanese EFL learners a native-like preference for initial MA-based VP-attachment. The question remains whether the lower-proficiency learners without such a preference had preferred LC-based DP-attachment instead.
Siegel on Critical Thinking : Reasoning versus Rationality versus Criticism (1989)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although the practice of critical thinking goes back at least to the time of Socrates, and the theory of it at least to 1941 with the publication of Edward M. Glaser's An Experiment in the Development of Critical Thinking, the phenomenon has now acquired some of the trappings of a "movement," and in fact some of its leading exponents do not hesitate to speak of it by using this label (Paul 1985). Interest in critical thinking has always had, and continues to have a strong pedagogical orientation (Ennis 1962, 1980, 1981; McPeck 1981; Paul 1982, 1984, 1985), but recently the phenomenon has begun to receive epistemological and methodological scrutiny. An excellent example of this relatively novel approach to critical thinking is Harvey Siegel's book Educating Reason: Rationality, Critical Thinking, and Education (1988). This work moves the discussion of critical thinking to a qualitatively higher level of sophistication, and it does so with intelligence, breadth of preparation, and a touch of inspired zeal. We therefore have two sets of reasons for paying attention to this work.
Recent Trends in Cesarean Delivery Rates in California

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT: To determine the effect in California of the 1980 Consensus Development Task Force recommendations to lower cesarean delivery rates, we analyzed California vital statistics for 1978 through 1982. There was no evidence of either a decline or a leveling off of cesarean delivery rates in California as a whole. In university‐affiliated teaching hospitals cesarean rates were lower in 1982, but not as low as in 1981. A change in the attitudes of doctors now being trained may have a noticeable effect within 5 years as they assume full practices in the community.
Smith homomorphisms and 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑛^{ℎ} structures

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article, we answer two questions of Buchanan–McKean [KSp-characteristic classes determine Spinh cobordism, https://arxiv.org/ abs/2312.08209, 2023] about bordism for manifolds with s p i n h \mathrm {spin}^h structures: we establish a Smith isomorphism between the reduced s p i n h \mathrm {spin}^{h} bordism of R P ∞ \mathbb {RP}^\infty and p i n h − \mathrm {pin}^{h-} bordism, and we provide a geometric explanation for the isomorphism Ω 4 k S p i n c ⊗ Z [ 1 / 2 ] ≅ Ω 4 k S p i n h ⊗ Z [ 1 / 2 ] \Omega _{4k}^{\mathrm {Spin}^c}\otimes \mathbb {Z}[1/2] \cong \Omega _{4k}^{\mathrm {Spin}^h}\otimes \mathbb {Z}[1/2] . Our proofs use the general theory of twisted spin structures and Smith homomorphisms that we developed joint with Devalapurkar, Liu, Pacheco-Tallaj, and Thorngren [The Smith fiber sequence and invertible field theories, https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.04649, 2024], specifically that the Smith homomorphism participates in a long exact sequence with explicit, computable terms.
In Memory of Rostislav V. Belyaev

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Information is presented about the deceased Rostislav Vladimirovich Belyaev, Ph.D., Senior Researcher in Laboratory of Physical Fundamentals of Nanocomposite Materials for Information Technology, Department of Physical Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics, Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, a well-known specialist in the field of generation of microwave noise oscillations and processing of broadband signals based on dynamic chaos: basic biographical data, education at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology with a degree in electronics, work at the Kotelnikov IRE (Moscow), Ph.D. (Physics and Mathematics) dissertation, authorship of more than 60 scientific papers in scientific journals, participation in Russian and international conferences and seminars, editorship in scientific journals.
Morphological Characteristics and Position-Specific Motivational Attributes in University Footballers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction: The interplay between morphological characteristics and motivational attributes are crucial for sports performance. The study aimed to explore morphological characteristics and motivational attributes across different playing positions of football. Methods: Fifty four university representing male footballers has been randomly selected and categorized into defenders (n=16), goalkeepers (n=8), midfielders (n=19) and strikers (n=11). Anthropometric variables and sports motivation scale (SMS-28) were used to measure the morphological physiognomies and motivational attributes. Results: The study explores defenders as Endomorphic Mesomorph (2.7-4.1-2.4), goalkeepers as Mesomorphic Ectomorph (2.2-2.6-4.1), midfielders as Ectomorphic Mesomorph (2.2-3.9-2.6) and strikers as Ectomorphic Mesomorph (2.2-3.9-2.6). According to distribution pattern of the data a one way ANOVA has been employed and a significant difference has been in height (p<0.001) and mesomorphy (p=0.014) components. Goalkeepers demonstrated the highest height, while midfielders exhibited the lowest. Conversely, midfielders displayed the highest mesomorphy compared to other positions. Ectomorphy also significantly varied across positions (p<0.001), with goalkeepers showing the highest values. Interestingly, significant differences were observed in motivation attributes, particularly in extrinsic motivation-external regulation (p=0.044), extrinsic motivation-introjected regulation (p=0.026), and intrinsic motivation to accomplish (p=0.007). Goalkeepers displayed higher scores in external regulation compared to midfielders and strikers. Defenders exhibited greater introjected regulation compared to goalkeepers and strikers. Amotivation demonstrates moderate positive correlations with all other motivation sub-scales (ranging from 0.286 to 0.764, p<0.05). Regarding morphological characteristics, Endomorphy and Mesomorphy demonstrate weak correlations with motivation sub-scales (-0.043 to 0.184). Conclusions: These findings underscore the complex interaction between motivational sub-scales and morphological characteristics in the context of university footballers, highlighting the importance of considering both psychological and physical factors in athlete development and performance optimization.
Giant surface magnetostriction in polycrystalline Ni and NiFe films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have measured the effective magnetoelastic coupling coefficients, Beff, of polycrystalline NiFe/Ag/Si, NiFe/Cu/Si, and Ni/SiO2/Si films in situ as functions of magnetic layer thickness over the range from 1.5 to 50 nm using magneto-optic Kerr effect and applied static strain. The Beff’s agree well with bulk values at large thicknesses but take on anomalously large values for thicknesses below about 5 nm. The data are well fit by a Néel model, Beff=Bbulk+Bsurf/(t−t0), where t0 may be related to intermixing at the interface with the substrate (verified by Auger depth profiling). These data suggest that the surface conditions are of enhanced importance in controlling magnetic properties, particularly anisotropy, permeability, and noise, even in films whose compositions are nominally of zero magnetostriction.
Acute Appendicitis or…. is it Meckel’s Diverticulitis?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A Meckel’s Diverticulum is a remnant vitello-intestinal duct present in the embryo. It is the commonest congenital anomaly of the GI tract being present in 2% of autopsies. Thi s is a case of an adult male patient presented with pain around the umbilical region which later shifted to the right iliac fossa. In face of such classical history and other signs and symptoms, clinical diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis was made, but, intraoperatively it turned out to be an infla med Meckel’s Diverticulum.
Leadership, Budget Participation, Budgetary Fairness, and Organizational Commitment

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study examines how leadership style, budget participation, and perceptions of budgetary fairness influence an important employee outcome, organizational commitment. In the proposed model, the leadership style of the superior, specifically consideration, is linked to subordinate participation in the budgeting process. Both leadership style and budget participation, in turn, influence employee beliefs about budgetary fairness, that is, beliefs concerning the procedural and distributive justice of the budgeting system. Finally, the justice of the budgeting system and its antecedents (leadership and budget participation) affect organizational commitment. Results from a survey of supervisors and managers in several firms support the proposed model.