jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ruania suaedae sp. nov. and Ruania halotolerans sp. nov., two actinobacteria isolated from saline soil, and reclassification of Haloactinobacterium kanbiaonis as Occultella kanbiaonis comb. nov.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Two Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, strictly aerobic, yellow-coloured, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated LR1S40 T and M4N3S171 T , were isolated from rhizosphere and bulk saline soil of Suaeda salsa collected in Inner Mongolia, China. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequences showed that the two strains clustered tightly with strains of the genus Ruania . Strains LR1S40 T and M4N3S171 T had 95.5% 16S rRNA gene similarity to each other, and strain LR1S40 T had 98.8, 98.7, 97.4 and <97.0% similarity to Ruania alkalisoli RN3S43 T , Ruania rhizosphaerae LNNU 22110 T , Ruania alba YIM 93306 T and all other current type strains, while strain M4N3S171 T had 98.6 and <97.0% similarity to R. alba YIM 93306 T , and all other current type strains, respectively. The average nucleotide identity based on blast (ANIb) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of LR1S40 T and M4N3S171 T with each other and to the other type strains of Ruania were well below the threshold values (95% for ANIb, 70% for dDDH) for differentiating a species. Diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids in both strains. The predominant menaquinone in both strains was both MK-8. The genome of strain LR1S40 T consisted of a 3557440 bp circular chromosome, with a G+C content of 71.1 mol%, while the genome of strain M4N3S171 T consisted of 4270413 bp, with a G+C content of 67.6 mol%. The phylogenetic, physiological and phenotypic characteristics allowed discrimination of the two strains from their relatives. The names Ruania suaedae sp. nov. [type strain LR1S40 T (=CGMCC 1.19028 T =KCTC 49726 T )] and Ruania halotolerans sp. nov. [type strain M4N3S171 T (=CGMCC 1. 19142 T =KCTC 49727 T )] are therefore proposed. During the publication of Haloactinobacterium kanbiaonis , Haloactinobacterium glacieicola (type strain T3246-1 T ), which was selected as the reference strain for the identification of H. kanbiaonis , was reclassified as Occultella glacieicola . The two phylogenetic trees showed that H. kanbiaonis HY164 T tightly clustered with Occultella aeris F300 T , and had the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity (99.8%) to O. aeris F300 T . Based on the phylogenetic analysis and the publication record, Haloactinobacterium kanbiaonis should be reclassified as Occultella kanbiaonis comb. nov.
UKA with a handheld robotic device results in greater surgeon physiological stress than conventional instrumentation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Poor ergonomics and acute stress can impair surgical performance and cause work‐related injuries. Robotic assistance may optimize these psychophysiological factors during UKA. This study compared surgeon physiologic stress and ergonomics during robotic‐assisted UKA (rUKA) and conventional UKA (cUKA). Methods Cardiorespiratory and postural data from a single surgeon were recorded during 30 UKAs, (15 rUKAs, 15 cUKAs). Heart rate (HR), HR variability, respiratory rate (RR), minute ventilation and calorie expenditure were used to measure surgical strain. Intraoperative ergonomics were assessed by measuring flexion/extension/rotation of the neck and lumbar spine, and shoulder abduction/adduction. Results Mean operative time was 32.0 ± 7 min for cUKA and 45.9 ± 9 min for rUKA ( p < 0.001). Mean neck flexion was − 23.4° ± 13° for rUKA and − 49.1° ± 18 for cUKA ( p < 0.001), while mean lumbar flexion was − 20.3° ± 30° for rUKA and − 0.4° ± 68° for cUKA ( p = 0.313). Mean lumbar flexion was similar; however, a significantly greater percentage of time was spent in lumbar flexion > 20° during cUKA. Bilateral shoulder abduction was significantly higher for rUKA. Mean calorie expenditure was 154 cal for rUKA and 89.1 cal for cUKA ( p < 0.001). Mean HR was also higher for rUKA (88.7 vs. 84.7, p = 0.019). HR variability was slightly lower for rUKA (12.4) than for cUKA (13.4), although this did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.056). No difference in RR or minute ventilation was observed. Conclusion rUKA resulted in less neck flexion but increased shoulder abduction, heart rate, and energy expenditure. The theoretical ergonomic and physiologic advantages of robotic assistance using a handheld sculpting device were not realized in this study. Level of evidence II.
Study on the Morphology and Properties of Nylon11/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

nylon 11 nanocomposites with different montmorillonite loadings were successfully prepared by melt compounding. XRD and TEM show the exfoliated nanocomposites are formed at low montmorillonite concentration(less than 2wt%) and the intercalated nanocomposites are obtained at higher montmorillonite contents. TGA shows that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites is improved by 27°C when the montmorillonite content is only 2wt%. Mechanical testing shows that the Izod impact strength of all nanocomposites are higher than that of the neat nylon 11, but the tensile strength of the nanocomposites decrease at low nanofiller concentrations (less than 8wt%) and than increased, when the montmorillonite content is 10wt% ,the tensile strength of the nanocomposite is 5% improved than neat nylon 11. This is may be due to the strong interaction between the nylon 11 matrix and the montmorillonite interface.
Next generation test support systems for the aircraft life cycle

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this paper is to present the experience of EADS in using a common test support system for integration and qualification testing, aircraft ground equipment (AGE), in-service software maintenance facilities (ISMF) and ground crew training. EADS uses its test support system AIDASS (Advanced Integrated Data Acquisition and Stimulation System) in different phases of the aircraft life cycle. AIDASS is comprised of a real-time front-end system and a standard PC for the user interface. The EADS test support system is used in almost all phases of the aircraft life cycle, for instance, for integration and verification testing, as aircraft ground equipment, for in-service software maintenance and training of ground crews. This test support system is used for the software maintenance in the TORNADO program at different airforces in Europe. The airforces also share test setups with industry.
Relative Importance of Lexical Features in Word Processing During L2 English Reading

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Word processing during reading is known to be influenced by lexical features, especially word length, frequency, and predictability. This study examined the relative importance of these features in word processing during L2 English reading. We used data from an eye-tracking corpus and applied a machine-learning approach to model word-level eye-tracking measures and identify key predictors. Predictors comprised several lexical features, including length, frequency, and predictability (e.g., surprisal). Additionally, sentence, passage, and reader characteristics were considered for comparison. The analysis found that word length was the most important variable across several eye-tracking measures. However, for certain measures, word frequency and predictability were more important than length, and in some cases, reader characteristics such as proficiency were more significant than lexical features. These findings highlight the complexity of word processing during reading, the shared processes between L1 and L2 reading, and their potential to refine models of eye-movement control.
Ingestion of plastics at sea: does debris size really matter?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Most of our knowledge on plastic ingestion by zooplankton comes from experiments exposing invertebrates to plastic particles smaller than their feeding apparatus. By examining millimetre-sized marine plastics using a scanning electron microscope, we putatively identified some surface textures as feeding marks produced by invertebrates grazing upon the plastic biofilm. We observed sub-parallel linear scrapes with 5-14 μm spacing, which is similar to typical distances between teeth of the mandibular gnathobases of copepods. We also observed peculiar rounded marks close to an unidentified marine worm. Small portions of the plastic particles were apparently removed, and perhaps ingested, during these putative grazing activities. Thus, we suggest that (1) plastic biofouling induces plastic ingestion, and (2) plastic pieces must not necessarily be smaller than the organism for a feeding interaction to occur. Experiments exposing invertebrates to millimeter-sized plastics may support these suggestions.
Link to dataset related to article "Not only cancer: the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 affects the repertoire of alternatively spliced transcripts and circular RNAs in multiple sclerosis."

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are post-transcriptional and epigenetic regulators, whose implication in neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases remains poorly understood. We analyzed publicly available microarray data sets to identify dysregulated lncRNAs in multiple sclerosis (MS), a neuroinflammatory autoimmune disease. We found a consistent upregulation in MS of the lncRNA MALAT1 (2.7-fold increase; meta-analysis, P = 1.3 × 10-8; 190 cases, 182 controls), known to regulate alternative splicing (AS). We confirmed MALAT1 upregulation in two independent MS cohorts (1.5-fold increase; P < 0.01; 59 cases, 50 controls). We hence performed MALAT1 overexpression/knockdown in cell lines, demonstrating that its modulation impacts on endogenous expression of splicing factors (HNRNPF and HNRNPH1) and on AS of MS-associated genes (IL7R and SP140). Minigene-based splicing assays upon MALAT1 modulation recapitulated IL7R and SP140 isoform unbalances observed in patients. RNA-sequencing of MALAT1-knockdown Jurkat cells further highlighted MALAT1 role in splicing (approximately 1100 significantly-modulated AS events) and revealed its contribution to backsplicing (approximately 50 differentially expressed circular RNAs). Our study proposes a possible novel role for MALAT1 dysregulation and the consequent AS alteration in MS pathogenesis, based on anomalous splicing/backsplicing profiles of MS-relevant genes.
Aspects of Material Culture in the Paris Region at the time of Joan of Arc

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Extensive archeological research in the historical center of Saint-Denis over the past twenty years provides a major corpus of artifact evidence for material culture in the Paris area at the beginning of the fifteenth century. Since 1973, the historic center of Saint-Denis, a town located nine kilometers north of Paris, has undergone extensive urban redevelopment, providing archeologists with a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to undertake a major archeological research program. The excavations, performed without interruption for twenty years under the direction of Olivier Meyer, concerned primarily the period covering the sixth century to the sixteenth. A tradition of highly decorated ware still exists, however, represented by multicolored jugs decorated with applied strips forming, for example, flowers, grapes, or wave patterns. The red-painted flame decoration is to be found on much everyday pottery in the Paris area during the Middle Ages.
A Reversible Dual-Channel Near-Infrared Flavonoid\nProbe for <i>in Vivo</i> Tracking Glutathione Dynamics in\nLiving Mice

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Glutathione (GSH) plays a critical\nrole in various biological processes\nmaintaining oxidative homeostasis. However, current reversible probe\nfluorescence emission is usually in the visible region, making it\ndifficult to monitor glutathione levels in deep tissues and <i>in vivo</i>. Here, we developed a reversible near-infrared fluorescence\nprobe, Flav-N, for real-time tracking of GSH in cells and tissues,\nwhich undergoes fast and reversible Michael addition reactions with\nbiothiols. This Flav-N probe showed a rapid and reversible response\nwith GSH at a time of less than 5 s (<i>k</i> = 1286 M<sup>–1</sup>S<sup>–1</sup>, <i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> = 729 ms). Notably, the dynamic changes in the ratio of Flav-N emission\nintensity at 505 and 728 nm were able to provide real-time feedback\non the fluctuation of GSH concentration. We demonstrated that Flav-N\nenables the performance of fast and reversible imaging of intracellular\nGSH changes. Importantly, in light of the near-infrared emission and\nrapid response ability, Flav-N was successfully applied to track GSH\ndynamics in living mice. This reversible near-infrared NIR probe realizes\nadvances in deep insight into the function of endogenous GSH.
Canonical analysis of a system with fermionic gauge symmetry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A non-abelian gauge field with a topological action is coupled to a spin-3/2 Majorana spinor. The symmetries of this model are analyzed using the Dirac constraint formalism. These symmetries include a fermionic symmetry and the algebra of these symmetries closes; it is not the algebra of supergravity. The action is invariant without the need to introduce auxiliary fields.
Strategi Keberlangsungan Bisnis Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to understand the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on food and beverage companies and the business continuity strategies carried out by the companies to address the crisis. This study uses case study research with a qualitative approach. The data used in this study is secondary data collected from the chosen sample of food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in the form of annual reports, public exposure, news, and other public information during the time of crisis in 2020 and 2021. Sampling was conducted on 18 companies listed in the food and beverage sector on IDX that experienced negative sales in 2020 and 2021. Afterward, clustering was carried out on these companies into three categories based on market capitalization. From each market capitalization category, one company with the highest negative sales rate was selected for analysis. This study unveils that the Covid-19 crisis had a significant impact on each of the companies, not only seen in financial aspects but also in non-financial aspects. The impact of the Covid-19 crisis encourages companies to formulate new strategies to address the crisis and preserve their business continuity, even if they have to change the entire business model
Data from: Reproductive state influences the degree of risk tolerance for a seasonally breeding mesopredator

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. The risk of predation can alter the way animals perceive costs and benefits in their environment, on which foraging decisions are made. To maximize fitness, animals with offspring show the most pronounced alteration in behavior because mothers experience increased nutritional requirements and increased vulnerability to predation. Therefore, the tolerance of risk is shaped, in part, by reproductive state. Like prey species, mesopredators balance a trade-off between food and predation to maximize fitness. However, few studies have acknowledged its importance. We investigated how mesopredators may alter their space use between periods when young are and are not vulnerable. Investigating the fine-scale space use of 19 packs of African wild dogs Lycaon pictus in the Kruger National Park, we found lower risk tolerance of denning packs; they re-visited area less frequently as lion and impala density increased and thus reduced the likelihood of risky encounters by avoiding areas where both risk and reward were high. By contrast, non-denning packs re-visited area less frequently as lion density increased and impala density decreased and thus avoided areas where reward was low, especially if risk was high. These results suggest that wild dogs shift their patterns of space use when the pack is most vulnerable. Ultimately, we found evidence of decreased risk tolerance by denning packs, likely because of increased vulnerability of lactating mothers and immobile pups. More broadly, our findings suggest that risk tolerance is dependent on reproductive state for mesopredators and should be considered as a possible mechanism for other mesopredators as well.
The HILITE setup for high-intensity-laser experiments with highly charged ions: design and commissioning

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Quantitative studies of the interaction of atomic and molecular ions with laser radiation at high laser intensities and / or high photon energies are a novel area in the field of laser-matter-interaction. They are facilitated by precise knowledge of the properties of the ions as a target for the laser. This refers to the location, composition, density and shape of the ion cloud as a target, as well as to the capability of characterising the ion target before and after the laser interaction. Ion traps are versatile instruments when it comes to localising ions with a defined particle composition, density and state within a specific and small volume in space. They allow in particular the combination of ions in well-defined quantum states with intense photon fields. The present thesis contains the detailed description of the setup and commissioning of the HILITE Penning trap, which is dedicated to providing a well-defined cloud of highly charged ions for a number of different experiments with intense lasers. In the present thesis, the experimental setup is described in detail and the components required for ion target preparation, characterisation and non-destructive ion detection inside the trap are characterised. Special attention is paid to the counting limits of the detection electronics, because knowledge of the exact number of stored ions is essential for the planned experiments. Highly charged ions are produced in an electron-beam ion trap (EBIT), decelerated, dynamically captured and stored. For the preparation of a well-defined ion cloud, the initially high energetic ions must be slowed and cooled to an energy of less than 1 meV. This thesis describes the applied methods of active-feedback cooling and resistive cooling and examines their potential cooling efficiencies.
Magnetoelastic surface acoustic wave attenuation and anisotropic magnetoresistance in Ni3Fe thin films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The vector magnetic field, H, dependencies of 0.6 GHz magnetoelastic Rayleigh-mode surface acoustic wave (SAW) attenuation, A(H), and dc magnetoresistance of polycrystalline Ni3Fe thin films with thicknesses ranging from 5.3 nm to 179.1 nm were measured and correlated with the samples’ uniaxial anisotropy fields, HK. For all samples, low hysteresis, symmetric, resonance-type A(H) response peaks were observed for H⊥HK. The data indicate that a combination of film-substrate stresses and the very small magnetocrystalline anisotropy coefficients of Ni3Fe result in films with well-defined, low dispersion HK and potential applications for magnetically tunable microwave SAW devices.
A wavelet-based instrument for detection of crackles in pulmonary sounds

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Crackles are discontinuous adventitious respiratory sounds, which are considered as signs of various pulmonary disorders, therefore their detection is important in the analysis of lung sounds. In this work, an instrument for separating crackles from stationary lung sounds and quantifying their characteristics is realized with DSP. The detection algorithm is based on increasing transient to background ratio by adaptive filtering and implementing nonlinear operators to wavelet based decomposed lung sounds.
Aspects of the Winter Ecology of Bats on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bats of the temperate region of North America avoid winter by some combination of migration and hibernation at a location that provides the right conditions for minimizing energy expenditure over winter. Such optimal conditions are commonly found underground, and most of the best known hibernacula occur in caves or mines. Where winters are milder, some bat species hibernate in hollows in trees. Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, has the dual distinction of being relatively far north in terms of bat distribution, but with a relatively moderate oceanic climate. We hypothesized that because of the moderate winter temperatures, hibernating in trees could be an option for bats on Haida Gwaii. We used data loggers to monitor temperatures inside potential roost trees during 9 winters between 2002–2003 and 2012–2013. We found that mean winter temperature inside the trees ranged from 2.3–6.5°C, and in most years temperatures either did not drop below freezing or else did so only for short periods of time. We calculated that a 6 g bat would have required between 2.49–2.92 g of fat to hibernate in the tree roosts that we monitored, which is well within the limits that Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus) are known to accumulate in autumn. Our acoustic data demonstrated that California Myotis (Myotis californicus) were periodically active during all winter months except December, which we view as evidence that this bat hibernates locally either in trees or buildings. The absence of Little Brown Myotis, Keen's Myotis (Myotis keenii) and Silver-haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) observations during winter suggests that they may either use more common hibernacula, such as caves, or migrate off the islands.