jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tubular approach to minimally invasive microdiscectomy for pediatric lumbar disc herniation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in the pediatric population is rare and exhibits unique characteristics compared with adult LDH. There are limited data regarding the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) using tubular retractors in pediatric patients with LDH. Here, the outcomes of MIS tubular microdiscectomy for the treatment of pediatric LDH are evaluated. METHODS Twelve consecutive pediatric patients with LDH were treated with MIS tubular microdiscectomy at the authors’ institution between July 2011 and October 2015. Data were gathered from retrospective chart review and from mail or electronic questionnaires. The Macnab criteria and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used for outcome measurements. RESULTS The mean age at surgery was 17 ± 1.6 years (range 13–19 years). Seven patients were female (58%). Prior to surgical intervention, 100% of patients underwent conservative treatment, and 50% had epidural steroid injections. Preoperative low-back and leg pain, positive straight leg raise, and myotomal leg weakness were noted in 100%, 83%, and 67% of patients, respectively. The median duration of symptoms prior to surgery was 9 months (range 1–36 months). The LDH level was L5–S1 in 75% of patients and L4–5 in 25%. The mean ± SD operative time was 90 ± 21 minutes, the estimated blood loss was ≤ 25 ml in 92% of patients (maximum 50 ml), and no intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted at 30 days. The median hospital length of stay was 1 day (range 0–3 days). The median follow-up duration was 2.2 years (range 0–5.8 years). One patient experienced reherniation at 18 months after the initial operation and required a second same-level MIS tubular microdiscectomy to achieve resolution of symptoms. Of the 11 patients seen for follow-up, 10 patients (91%) reported excellent or good satisfaction according to the Macnab criteria at the last follow-up. Only 1 patient reported a fair level of satisfaction by using the same criteria. Seven patients completed an ODI evaluation at the last follow-up. For these 7 patients, the mean ODI low-back pain score was 19.7% (SEM 2.8%). CONCLUSIONS To the authors’ knowledge, this is the longest outcomes study and the largest series of pediatric patients with LDH who were treated with MIS microdiscectomy using tubular retractors. These data suggest that MIS tubular microdiscectomy is safe and efficacious for pediatric LDH. Larger prospective cohort studies with longer follow-up are needed to better evaluate the long-term efficacy of MIS tubular microdiscectomy versus other open and MIS techniques for the treatment of pediatric LDH.
Integrin Targeted Delivery of Radiotherapeutics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Targeted radionuclide therapy, which is based on the selective delivery of a sufficient radiation dose to tumors without significantly affecting normal tissues, is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of a wide variety of malignancies. Integrins, a family of cell adhesion molecules, play key roles during tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Among all the integrins, &#945;v&#946;3 seems to be the most important in the process of tumor angiogenesis. Integrin &#945;v&#946;3 is highly expressed on activated endothelial cells, new-born vessels as well as some tumor cells, but is not present in resting endothelial cells and most normal organ systems, making it a suitable target for anti-tumor therapy. In this review, we summarize the current development and applications of antibody-, peptide-, and other ligand-based integrin targeted radiotherapeutics for tumor radiation therapy.</p>
PTU-080 Should we all be looking for Marginal Gains in Endoscopy Efficiency?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Demand for endoscopy in the UK has doubled in the last 5 years. In 2017, 64% of units failed to meet suspected cancer targets despite 66% of units having weekend lists and 27% outsourcing to external providers1. UCL Cancer Collaborative (UCLCC) data showed demand can be met by improving efficiency. This is important in a resource-limited setting. Our Quality Improvement (QI) Project aimed to improve efficiency by improving turnaround time, non-attendance and on-the-day cancellations.

Methods

The Endoscopy QI fellow, endoscopy unit manager and Gastroenterology service manager participated in the UCLCC Improvement Programme, and utilised QI methodology. We collected data from electronic patient records and scheduling system. At baseline, we identified that underutilisation of lists was multifactorial. We introduced a turnaround nurse role to consent patients. Healthcare assistants (HCAS) and nurses were trained in cannulation. As poor bowel preparation contributed to cancellations, we introduced telephone pre-assessment to educate patients. Finally, the administrative team sent text reminders before appointments.

Results

At baseline, our unit performed an average of 7.9 points per list, out of a planned 10. On average, 28.5 patients per month had procedures cancelled on the day due to poor bowel prep or inadequate fasting. After the introduction of pre-assessment, it improved to 23.5 per month, saving 5 procedures which would have had to be rearranged. The average points performed improved to 9.3 points per list. The average DNA rate has improved from 9% to 7% after the introduction of text reminders. After the introduction of the turnaround nurse and HCA cannulation, turnaround time reduced from an average of 18 to 9 minutes between procedures. This could save 90 minutes over a 12-point list. Despite these improvements, only 41.6% of lists are booked for 1–2 points. Inadequate staffing numbers and late start times are contributing factors. A start time audit showed that only 5 out of 27 lists in a week started within 10 minutes of supposed start times, a target for further cycles of this QI project.

Conclusions

Multiple small improvements in efficiency can achieve significant impact on productivity. Interventions focused on turnaround time can reduce underuse of list time. Patient-centred approaches to procedural preparation may reduce squandered appointments. Sustainability of these improvements is difficult to assess in the short term but will be promoted by the continuing QI fellow role and implementation of endoscopy QI champions from the administrative and nursing team.

Reference

Shenbagaraj, L., Thomas-Gibson, S., Stebbing, J., Broughton, R., Dron, M., Johnston, D. et al. ( 2018) Endoscopy in 2017: A national survey of practice in the UK, Frontline Gastroenterology, pp. 100970. DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-201–00970.
Essential role of Salmonella Enteritidis DNA adenine methylase in modulating inflammasome activation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background: Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is one of the major foodborne zoonotic pathogens of worldwide importance which can induce activation of NLRC4 and NLRP3 inflammasomes during infection. Given that the inflammasomes play an essential role in resisting bacterial infection, Salmonella has evolved various strategies to regulate activation of the inflammasome, most of which largely remain unclear. Results: A transposon mutant library in SE strain C50336 was screened for the identification of the potential factors that regulate inﬂammasome activation. We found that T3SS-associated genes invC , prgH , and spaN were required for inﬂammasome activation in vitro . Interestingly, C50336 strains with deletion or overexpression of Dam were both defective in activation of caspase-1 and secretion of IL-1β. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) results suggest that the absence and overexpression of Dam had similar effects on infected cells, as high overlapping rates of differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways were found between the C50336-VS-C50336Δ dam and C50336-VS-C50336:: dam groups, including multiple signaling pathways related to the inﬂammasome. Moreover, overexpression of Dam in macrophages by lentiviral infection could specifically promote the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome independently. Conclusions: These data indicate that Dam was essential for modulating inflammasome activation during SE infection, there are complex and dynamic interplays between Dam and the inflammasome under different conditions. New insights were provided about the battle between SE and host innate immunological mechanisms.
Reconciliation Needs Remembrance: The German-Polish Case

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper emphasizes the relationship between reconciliation and remembrance by evaluating examples of German—Polish discourses during the 20th century concerning the intrapersonal, interpersonal, intracultural, intercultural, and transcultural aspects from an ecumenical oriented Lutheran point of view. Based on research about remembrance, reconciliation (and resilience), and on the partnership between Münster and Lublin, it suggests a curriculum of reconciliation oriented remembrance for common projects of ecumenical and transcultural dialogue by sharing experiences and by facilitating rituals, which make them sustainable.
Chemical Estimation of Cortisone-like Hormones in Urine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TUBERCULOSIS sDIJsHAL the most important questions-for example, the risk of meningitis at different ages-and that I do not think children with asymptomatic primary infection should be treated in sanatoria unless home circumstances are unfavourable, or by antibiotics except under very special circumstances.These children should nevertheless remain under regular supervision and a close watch be kept for signs of disseminated disease.Knowledge of the primary complex is, moreover, of great assistance in detecting the early case of tuberculous meningitis or miliary tuberculosis, in which the prognosis depends almost entirely upon the time interval between onset and the beginning of treatment.The routine use of streptomycin and P.A.S. cannot be recommended, but in cases of prolonged fever of onset, or when the infant is infected in the first year and is febrile or losing weight, or in certain cases of tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis, these compounds are of very real value.Finally, I would repeat my plea that, wherever home care is competent and conditions are good, children with primary tuberculosis who do require treatment should be kept at home or be allowed to go home as soon as possible after confirmation of the diagnosis in hospital.This applies particularly to the child under the age of 5 years, who should be admitted to a " long-stay" hospital only when no other course is possible.We must strike a careful balance between the chance of diminishing the risk of disseminated disease and improv- ing the child's physical state and the chance of inter- fering with or distorting his emotional development by long separation from home and parents.
THE PATTERNS OF THE EMERGENCE OF CITIES AND URBANIZATION IN THE HISTORY OF IRAN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The background and the history of urban relations and conditions in Iran are very lengthy and complicated. Therefore, the related discussions are also very difficult. Among these complicated discussions one may refer to the patterns of the emergence of the urban society which possess a unique place in the history of urban studies in Iran. The long history of urban relations in Iran, and the socioeconomic consequences of this form of communal life in the evolution of Iranian society show the importance of research in this field. The studies dealing with the similarities and differences between cities and villages and the continuity of urban and rural societies prepare the ground for studies in the social history of Iran. The present study attempts to observe whether urbanization was a natural consequence of the social relations in Iran or was it the result of a range of heterogeneous factors. The results of the present study show that, in spite of the usual ideas, urbanization in Iran is the result of multiple factors and it should not be attributed only to the political factor which is only one of the many influencing and affecting factors.
Rapid In Vitro Micropropagation of Bambusa oldhamii Munro

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Efficient and reproducible protocols have been developed to induce shoot multiplication from nodal cultures of aseptically raised seedlings and 1-yr-old plants of Bambusa oldhamii Munro. Nodal segments cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal liquid medium containing 3% sucrose with 4.4 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) induced maximum multiple shoots both in seedlings (14.2) and 1-yr-old explants (10.8). Addition of 40 μM adenine sulphate (AdS) with BAP showed a promotive effect on shoot multiplication in seedling explants. Regenerated shoots exhibited highest rooting percentage (85.0%) on half-strength MS basal medium with a combination of 9.84 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 2.69 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Plantlets were successfully acclimatized to greenhouse conditions. Plants derived from tissue culture were more vigorous than those derived from the traditional in vivo vegetative propagation method of air layering. Key Words: bamboo, growth regulators, albinism, micropropagation
Splitting Images: Samuel Beckett's Nacht und Träume

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

No area of Samuel Beckett's work has received less attention than his television drama, and the least studied of his six teleplays is Nacht und Träume . Although the premiere broadcast of Nacht und Träume attracted an audience of two million, the teleplay is rarely seen today except at Beckett festivals and modem drama conferences. Nor should one expect a "Beckett revival" on commercial television any time soon. Envisioning such a revival, Eckart Voigts- Virchow cleverly hypothesizes that the ratings would "rocket through the floor." One expects mainstream resistance to works like Nacht und Träume, which challenge television's formulaic conventions and passive viewing habits. What is more puzzling, however, is the slight attention paid this teleplay within Beckett circles. Even among the author's most dependable champions, Nacht und Träume has been dismissed too easily. Martin Esslin, for instance, concedes that it offers an "extremely powerful" image, but concludes that it is, "for my taste, somewhat too sentimental." Beryl and John Fletcher accuse Nacht und Träume of being less visually interesting than Beckett's other teleplays, and they voice doubt as to "whether this script makes for a successful or effective use of the medium." Even James Knowlson, who praises the teleplay unconditionally, has a difficult time locating its specific appeal.
Multiple Functional Nanoprobe for Contrast-Enhanced Bimodal Cellular Imaging and Targeted Therapy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Many one-photon fluorescence-based theranostic nanosystems have been developed for simultaneous therapeutic intervention/monitoring for various types of cancers. However, for early diagnosis of cancer, two-photon fluorescence microscopy (TPFM) can realize deep-tissue imaging with higher spatial resolution. In this study, we first report a multiple functional nanoprobe for contrast-enhanced bimodal cellular imaging and targeted therapy. Components of the nanoprobe include (1) two-photon dye-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (TPD-MSNs); (2) MnO2 nanosheets that act as a (i) gatekeeper for TPD-MSNs, (ii) quencher for TP fluorescence, and (iii) contrast agent for MRI; (3) cancer cell-targeting aptamers. Guided by aptamers, TPD-MSNs are rapidly internalized into the target cells. Next, intracellular glutathione reduces MnO2 to Mn(2+) ions, resulting in contrast-enhanced TP fluorescence and magnetic resonance signal for cellular imaging. Meanwhile, preloaded doxorubicin and Chlorin e6 are released for chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy, respectively, with a synergistic effect and significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
HYBRID NARRATIVE FOR DECOLONIAL PEDAGOGY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article defines and discusses the role of hybrid narrative in constructing political and \nmethodological alternatives to traditional university educationi \n. It is thus triggered by the process of \nrevising and revalidating the Eurocentric legacy which has structured higher education institutions, their \ndiscourses and practices in colonized nations as ours. In an attempt to overcome both an utter denial of \nsuch legacy and a helpless perpetuation of ties which reproduce prerogatives to favor a few, we have \ncome across simple ways of restoring the unique perspective of the local identity in an institutional \nenvironment which fosters respect for conventions. The outcomes in terms of student production will be \ndiscussed and analyzed.
Obstetric clavicular fractures. A three-year analysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A three-year retrospective study of al deliveries in a military residency program revealed 24 cases of fractured clavicles. Fifteen of these 24 cases were thoroughly reviewed. The incidence of clavicular fractures was 7.2 per 1,000 term deliveries. Fractured clavicle seemed to be best correlated with birth weight, level of obstetric experience of the delivering physician and midforceps deliveries. It was not well correlated with type of anesthesia, length of labor, length of second stage, Apgar scores, parity and judged difficulty of delivery. Only 1 infant of 15 suffered neurologic injury. A review of the literature and suggestions for possible prevention are presented.
Learning Dynamic Alignment via Meta-filter for Few-shot Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Few-shot learning (FSL), which aims to recognise new classes by adapting the learned knowledge with extremely limited few-shot (support) examples, remains an important open problem in computer vision. Most of the existing methods for feature alignment in few-shot learning only consider image-level or spatial-level alignment while omitting the channel disparity. Our insight is that these methods would lead to poor adaptation with redundant matching, and leveraging channel-wise adjustment is the key to well adapting the learned knowledge to new classes. Therefore, in this paper, we propose to learn a dynamic alignment, which can effectively highlight both query regions and channels according to different local support information. Specifically, this is achieved by first dynamically sampling the neighbourhood of the feature position conditioned on the input few shot, based on which we further predict a both position-dependent and channel-dependent Dynamic Meta-filter. The filter is used to align the query feature with position-specific and channel-specific knowledge. Moreover, we adopt Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) to enable a more accurate control of the alignment. In such a sense our model is able to better capture fine-grained semantic context of the few-shot example and thus facilitates dynamical knowledge adaptation for few-shot learning. The resulting framework establishes the new state-of-the-arts on major few-shot visual recognition benchmarks, including miniImageNet and tieredImageNet.
Calorimetric and Volumetric Study on Binary Mixtures 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol + (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate or 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This work was motivated by the fundamental interest in the study of mixtures containing ionic liquids and fluorinated alcohols but also by the possibility of the use of these mixtures in refrigeration applications. The study of the thermophysical properties of these mixtures will contribute to evaluate the reliability as an absorbent of several ionic liquids with the refrigerant 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. Thus, densities, ρ, over the temperature ranges from (283.15 to 323.15) K and (293.15 to 323.15) K of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) + 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C1C4im][BF4]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C1C2im][BF4]) were measured at atmospheric pressure, respectively. Excess molar volumes, VmE, were calculated from the density values of the mixtures and of the pure compounds. In addition, mixing enthalpies (or excess molar enthalpies), ΔmixH, were measured for both systems at atmospheric pressure and at (293.15 and 333.15) K. Densities of [C1C4im][BF4] + TFE are lower than those for [C1C2im][BF4] + TFE. For both systems, mixing enthalpies are positive, being higher for [C1C4im][BF4] + TFE. Excess molar volumes were positive in the case of [C1C4im][BF4] + TFE between (283 and 323) K and slightly negative at 333 K, whereas for [C1C2im][BF4] + TFE they were negative in the (293 to 333) K temperature range. In light of the results reported herein, the system containing [C1C2im][BF4] is preferred to [C1C4im][BF4] for refrigeration by absorption. Nevertheless, other properties should be taken into account for the final choice of a refrigerant/absorbent pair.
Design and Application of a Winning Forecast Model of the AOS Genre Game

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

AOS(Aeon of Strife)장르의 게임들은 단순히 즐기는 컴퓨터 게임이 아닌 대표적인 e스포츠 종목으로 자리매김하고 있으며 전문성을 필요로 하는 스포츠의 특성상, 게임 플레이 패턴 및 시즌 별 캐릭터 선택 등 게임 운영에 필요한 통계 분석의 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 대표적인 AOS 게임 중의 하나인 리그오브레전드의 게임 데이터를 이용해 데이터 마이닝 기법을 이용한 게임의 전략적 분석을 실시한다. 통계적 승률 예측 기법인 로지스틱 회귀분석과 판별 분석 및 인공신경망을 이용하여 게임의 승패 예측 모형을 설계하고 실험한다. 게임 데이터 분석 결과는 확률을 표시한 그래프로 표현되어 게임 플레이를 돕기 위해 개발된 시각적 도구에 이용한다. 승패 예측 모형의 실험 결과, 평균적으로 95%의 높은 분류율을 보이고 시각화 도구를 통해 게임 플레이의 다양한 전략 수립에 이용됨을 보인다.
The polymerization reaction in liquid sulfur dioxide. Part VIII. The effect of aromatic compounds on the cationic polymerization of styrene in liquid sulfur dioxide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The cationic polymerization of styrene in liquid sulfur dioxide was conducted at −10°C. in the presence of hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, p ‐xylene, p ‐cymene anisole, cyclohexane, and chlorobenzene diluted with carbon tetrachloride and with boron trifluoride etherate as catalyst. When aromatic hydrocarbons were added to the polymerizing system in liquid sulfur dioxide, both overall rate and degree of polymerization decreased with increasing of hydrocarbon concentration. On the other hand, the rate and degree of polymerization increased as the concentrations cyclohexane or chlorobenzene added increased. When anisole was used, polymerization was completely inhibited. The order of solvent participation n on the polymerization in liquid sulfur dioxide was obtained. The magnitude and the sign of n is discussed and explained by interaction of the added solvent with the active carbonium ion of the growing chain and with liquid sulfur dioxide.
Randomized trials in orthopaedics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is increasing recognition that major new medical therapies should be rigorously evaluated before they are put into general clinical use. Randomized controlled trials provide the most unbiased assessment of the risks and benefits of such therapies. In this article, the most important aspects of the design and execution of a randomized clinical trial in orthopaedics are discussed. These include the reasons for and mechanisms of randomization, appropriate selection of patients and therapy, reasons for the blinding of therapy, types of measures of outcome that can be used, aspects of sample-size calculation and analysis of data, and ethics of randomized controlled trials.