jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Episodic whole plant growth patterns in Ligustrum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Episodic growth of Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. plants was determined by measuring total shoot and root fresh weight nondestructively. Episodic growth patterns were apparent in shoot elongation, shoot and root fresh weight as a percent of total fresh weight, shoot and root relative growth rates (RGR s and RGR r ) and two‐dimensional measurements of the root system. Increases in root growth and initiation of lateral root branching were coincident with changes in percent of total fresh weight in the root and RGR r . The rate of fresh weight gain of roots, shoots and the whole plant increased continuously throughout two experiments and thus episodic growth patterns were not apparent from these values. Alternating episodes of shoot and root growth, which is shown by percent fresh weight allocation and RGR, did not directly correspond to shoot elongation and cessation of elongation. Continuous, nondestructive measurement of total shoot and root growth reveals important changes in growth which may be obscured by other measurement techniques.
Isolation of Ophiobolin A and Its Analogs as Inhibitors to Photosynthesis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Isolation of Ophiobolin A and Its Analogs as Inhibitors to Photosynthesis Get access Jin-Myeon Kim, Jin-Myeon Kim Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Suong-Be Hyeon, Suong-Be Hyeon Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Isogai, Akira Isogai Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akinori Suzuki Akinori Suzuki Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 48, Issue 3, 1 March 1984, Pages 803–805, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1984.10866220 Published: 01 March 1984 Article history Received: 25 April 1983 Published: 01 March 1984
AN EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM FOR OBTAINING THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES PROPELLANT COMBUSTION PRODUCTS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Torsion vapor pressure studies on LiO and B2O3 were completed. For Li2O, pressures measured over the range 1480 to 1670 K are higher than calculated elemental decomposition pressures by a factor of about 2.7. The vapor pressure of B2O3 was measured in the range 1400 to 1570 K. A vibrational frequency assignment for B2O3 (g) based on matrix isolation spectra yields for the reaction B2O3 (1) equals B2O3 (g), an average third-law delta H(298) of 98.7 kcal/mole and a second-law value of 99.4 kcal/mole. A corresponding analysis using thermal functions based on vapor emission spectral data leads to secondand third-law delta H(298) values of 101.2 and 91.7 kcal/mole, respectively. The heat of formation of B2O3 (g) at 298 K is derived as -202.0 kcal/mole. The vaporization of BeF2 was studied by the torsion-effusion method in the range 810 to 945 K. Second- and third-law methods were used to derive the heat of sublimation of BeF2 at 298 K as 58.0 kcal/mole, leading to a heat of formation of -183.2 kcal/mole for BeF2 (g).
Receptive fields of cones in the retina of the turtle

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. Intracellular recordings have been made of the responses to light of single cones in the retina of the turtle. The shape of the hyperpolarizing response to a flash depends on the pattern of retinal illumination as well as the stimulus intensity. 2. Although changes in the stimulus pattern can produce changes in the effective stimulus intensity, the responses to certain patterns cannot be matched by any adjustment of stimulus intensity. 3. The initial portion of responses to large or small stimulating spots is proportional to light intensity; this allows comparison of responses when the amount of light on a cone is kept constant but the light on surrounding cones is changed. For equal light intensity on the cone, the response to a spot 2 or 4 μ in radius is smaller than that to a spot 70 μ in radius. 4. Responses to spots 70 and 600 μ in radius coincide over their rising phases and peaks without any adjustment of stimulus intensity. The responses to the larger spot, however, contain a delayed depolarization not present with the smaller spot. 5. During steady illumination of a cone with a small central spot, the response to transient illumination superimposed on the same area is greatly reduced. Illumination of cones in the near surround, however, produces a hyperpolarizing response, and illumination of cones in the more distant surround generates a delayed depolarization. 6. The results described above suggested that synaptic signals might impinge on cones. This possibility was tested by electrically polarizing one retinal cell while recording from another. 7. Currents passed through a cone within 40 μ of another cone can change the membrane potential of the latter. Not all cones within this distance show the interaction, however, and it has never been detected at distances greater than 50 μ. 8. Hyperpolarization of a horizontal cell with applied current can produce a depolarization of a cone in the vicinity. During this depolarization, the response of the cone to a flash is reduced in size and altered in shape. 9. It is concluded that the response of a cone to light may be modified by synaptic mechanisms which are activated by peripheral illumination.
STUDIES ON OESTRIOL SYNTHESIS FROM DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE IN HUMAN PREGNANCY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The pathway of oestriol (OE 3 ) synthesis from dehydro epi androsterone sulphate (DHAS) was examined in human pregnancy at midterm, from both foetal and maternal compartments. In the first series of experiments, 3 H-labelled DHAS and 14 C-labelled oestrone sulphate (OE 1 S) were administered into the intact foeto-placental circulation. Oestrone (OE 1 ), 17β-oestradiol (OE 2 ) and OE 3 formed during the 20 minutes after injection were isolated from the placenta, foetus and urine of the mother. The following observations were made: a) conversion to OE 3 was greater from DHAS than OE 1 S, b) more OE 3 was formed from DHAS than OE 1 and OE 2 , c) the 3 H/ 14 C-ratios of the urinary OE 3 were higher than those of OE 1 and OE 2 . In the second series of experiments, three pregnant subjects were given the same combination of sulphurylated precursors via the antecubital vein, and OE 1 , OE 2 and OE 3 were isolated from their urine. In contrast to the foeto - placental studies: a) OE 1 S was converted to urinary OE 3 in greater yield than was DHAS, b) more OE 1 and OE 2 were formed from DHAS than was OE 3 , c) the 3 H/ 14 C-ratios of the three urinary oestrogens were similar to each other. In addition, the specific activity of OE 3 was lower than that of OE 1 and OE 2 with respect to both 3 H and 14 C. These results suggest that DHAS circulating within the foeto - placental compartment is converted to OE 3 via both phenolic and neutral intermediates, whereas DHAS originating from the maternal circulation is converted to OE 3 largely via a phenolic pathway. Approximately 80% of the OE 3 formed within the foeto - placental compartment was transferred to the mother within 20 minutes. This rapid transport may explain the usefulness of urinary OE 3 determinations in the assessment of foetal viability.
Emergency allocation rules fail to recognize needs of petrochemical industry

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The petrochemical industry uses petroleum and natural gas for making its products as well as meeting its fuel needs. However, current Government allocation programs pertain solely to fuel uses, not to the industry's material feedstock requirements. Failure to recognize the feedstock requirements could result in supply constrictions with a disproportionate impact on the industry. At this time, it is difficult to assess the feedstock requirements of the petrochemical industry because the Government lacks a definition of the industry itself, and what data it has is insufficient to provide a basis for an effective allocation program. GAO recommends a number of actions to overcome these Department of Energy deficiencies.
Dampak Keberadaan Wisata Renzo Edu Park Terhadap Peningkatan Pendapatan dan Perekonomian Warga Desa Sekarwangi Kecamatan Cibadak Kabupaten Sukabumi

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The role of tourism is expected to have a major impact on national development. The stages of implementing this community service, through a qualitative descriptive approach, where this community service is carried out to explain a more detailed picture of a symptom or phenomenon by looking at the object, namely the impact of Renzo Edu park tourist attractions on increasing income and economy of residents of Sekarwangi Village, Cibadak District, Sukabumi Regency. Of the 20 respondents of Sekarwangi village community who were correspondent in service interview activities in the income range of Rp. 500,000 – Rp. 1,000,000 before the existence of Renzo park there were as many as 8 respondents or about 40% of all respondents, while after the construction of Renzo park there were 4 respondents which means that in this range there was a decline. Income range of Rp. 1,000,000 – Rp. 1,500,000 before the existence of Renzo park there were 7 respondents or around 35%, while after the construction of Renzo park there were 6 respondents or around 30% which means it has decreased. For income of Rp. 1,500,000 – Rp. 2,000,000 before the existence of Renzo park there were 5 respondents or about 25% of all respondents, while after the construction of Renzo park there were 10 respondents or about 50% of all respondents which means that in this range has increased
Sustainability and the Scholarly Enterprise

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article analyses the origins, development, and impact of Gutenberg-e, a digital publishing program in historical scholarship sponsored by the American Historical Association (AHA), with the support of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Intended as an experiment in developing and legitimizing new modes of historical scholarship, Gutenberg-e quickly evolved, under pressure to become economically sustainable, into a traditional publishing enterprise bent on making books cheaper and paying for itself in the process. Digital technology, which had the power to transform the whole scholarly enterprise, instead became a means to shore up the existing system of scholarly publishing, with all its flaws intact. Though Gutenberg-e has much to teach us about the costs and consequences of that system, especially for the scholars it is meant to serve, it also offers a glimpse of an alternative future. Almost in spite of itself, Gutenberg-e produced a handful of innovative works of digital scholarship, experimented with new forms of scholarly collaboration and community, and highlighted the opportunities of an expanded audience for specialized academic work. These modest achievements suggest the potential of digital technology to create things which scholars value and thereby sustain the scholarly enterprise over the long term.
Stress intensity factors in anisotropic plates using singular isoparametric elements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A conformable displacement model is presented for the finite element analysis of stress intensity factors in linear elastic fracture mechanics. The method is an extension to anisotropic materials of the one developed by Benzley for isotropic materials. Very good agreement is shown for the case of inclined cracks in an orthotropic plate between finite element results and those obtained by least squares collocation of stress functions.
Comparative Study of Chloroquine and Amodiaquin in the Treatment of Giardiasis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In Mexico, the incidence of intestinal parasitosis due to Giardia lamblia varies from 5 to 33 per cent, but its pathogenicity has until recently been a subject of controversy. Giardia is sometimes considered to be pathogenic and consequently there is a search for a specific therapy. Maris and Bushong studied a group of 85 children with giardiasis and found that the most common symptoms in the order of frequency were abdominal pain, weight loss, anorexia, pruritus, and irritability. Some gastroenterologists think the parasite may cause cholecystitis or cholangitis when it reaches the biliary ducts. However, even in the absence of symptoms attributable to the infection it is considered advisable by many doctors to free the patient of Giardia.No very successful drug was found until in 1933 a series of experiments were started using atabrine in the treatment of giardiasis. Since this antimalarial gave good results, it was thought that the newer antimalarials might be effective also, and Basnuevo and Sotolongo (1946) tried chloroquine, paludrine, and pentaquine.
INFLUENCE OF THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS ON THE MESFET TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A two-dimensional numerical analysis is presented to investigate the field effect transistor characteristics. Our main aim is related to the optimization of a two dimensional (2D) analytical model for the static characteristics of short gate-length GaAs MESFET’s. The model takes into account the different physical specific phenomena of the device and we consider also the influence of the two-dimensional analysis on the variation of some intrinsic elements (transconductance and drain conductance). The suggested model enables to calculate and trace informative curves. The results obtained are well represented and interpreted.
“Something that matters”: the Religious Dimension of Moral Experience

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Written from a broadly atheist point of view, this paper explores the religious dimension of moral experience, that is, whether in order to be moral and/or to live a life that in our own eyes means something it is necessary to believe in something that transcends what we can verify through science or direct observation and even what we can clearly articulate. I investigate the question through an interpretation of the work of four very different writers, namely Hans Jonas, Alfred North Whitehead, Albert Camus, and Cormac McCarthy, who all contribute valuable insights that suggest the impossibility of a moral life, and indeed any decent human life at all, that is based purely on tangible reality andthe rationally justifiable.
Advancing in the Control of Lateral Buds and Branching Initiation in High Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the consideration of the control of lateral buds and branching of high plants,there are some factors must be considered.Some genes relating the formation and development of lateral tissue was found,which gives a useful information to understand plant architectures formation.Long-distance signals are involved in the regulation of many aspects of axillary meristem development,including vegetative axillary meristem development and the determination and development of primary and secondary inflorescence meristems.The major phytohormones such as auxin and cytokinin interact with the coordinated regulation of multiple aspects of plant development including the formation and growth of lateral buds and branching.Photoperiod regulates the plants flowering and branching by interacting with other factors such as genes and phytohormones.New opportunities to understand plant development arise from recognizing the high degree of regulation among different parts of the developmental network.Studies of the entire developmental network are likely to yield new knowledge about how perturbations in one part of the network affect other parts and the interaction of the all parts.
Correction: Sensitive and selective determination of aqueous triclosan based on gold nanoparticles on polyoxometalate/reduced graphene oxide nanohybrid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Correction for ‘Sensitive and selective determination of aqueous triclosan based on gold nanoparticles on polyoxometalate/reduced graphene oxide nanohybrid’ by Mehmet Lütfi Yola et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 65953–65962.
Resilience Analysis Through Observation on Grid Parameters in Indian Grid During COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a case study on Grid Parameter Observance on Indian Grid during April, 5 th 2020 at 09:00 PM IST for 09 minutes on the day where it was appealed to the citizen to switch off their light lamps to show the solidarity with the Medical Staff / Police and the patients who are continuously fighting with pandemic COVID-19. This paper typified grid performance with the inclusion of two VSC based STATCOMs installed at two different parts in the grid with experiencing various voltage profile – one at lower side and another at higher side.
MRI changes in calf muscles of two children with cerebral palsy following Botulinum Toxin Type A injections: a preliminary report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intramuscular injections of Botulinum Toxin Type A (BoNT-A) in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) have been introduced in clinical practice with the aim of reducing muscle tone, preventing muscle contractures and, ultimately, improving function. The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the MRI changes in the calf muscles, gastrocnemius (GN) and soleus (S) of two children with unilateral spastic CP (US-CP), prior and more than 1-year following BoNT-A injections. Two male patients with US-CP were injected at the level of the GN and S muscles. Patients underwent a first lower extremity MRI prior to the first BoNT-A injection at the level of GN and S muscles of the affected side. A second MRI was perfomed 34 and 22 months after the index procedure, respectively. Both legs were investigated together symmetrically, to allow a precise comparison between muscles and structures. The MRI protocol included three sequences: axial-T2 weighted tse, SPACE and axial-T1 weighted. We found that BoNT-A injected GN and S muscles had increased signal intensity on the MRI performed 22 and 34 months after index procedure, when compared to the contralateral, not placebo injected (NaCl) leg. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have investigated the changes induced in muscle structures in ambulatory children with US-CP managed by BoNT-A injections. Level of evidence: II.
Embolization of a peripheral cerebral aneurysm associated with intracranial major artery occlusion through a transdural anastomotic artery: Case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A peripheral cerebral aneurysm is known to develop at collateral vessels as a result of hemodynamic stress by the occlusion of the intracranial major arteries. We report a case of successful embolization of a ruptured aneurysm through a transdural anastomotic artery. The aneurysm formed at the developed collateral vessel from the meningeal branch of the occipital artery (OA) to the posterior pericallosal artery. A 59-year-old man presented with acute-onset headache, and computed tomography revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage at the splenium of the corpus callosum with intraventricular hemorrhage. Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated a ruptured aneurysm located at a transdural anastomotic artery from the right OA to the posterior pericallosal artery. The patient underwent endovascular treatment for the aneurysm through the transdural anastomotic artery with a coil and n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. Because it was impossible to navigate a microcatheter to the aneurysm through the right anterior cerebral artery because of the occlusion of its proximal portion, it was advanced through the transdural anastomosis from the right OA. The aneurysm was completely occluded without complications. Endovascular embolization is a useful treatment option for a peripheral cerebral aneurysm developed at a collateral vessel with intracranial major artery occlusion.
Evolution of Pipe Properties During Reel-Lay Process: Experimental Characterisation and Finite Element Modelling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The development of finite element analysis, in terms of simulation power and theoretical model accuracy, enables one to understand and simulate industrial processes more precisely, especially those involving non linear behaviour and analysis. Reeled pipe technology is one of these, and has a lot to gain from this increasing efficiency. In the reel-lay process the pipe is first reeled onto a drum on a vessel for transportation. During offshore installation the pipe is unreeled, straightened and deployed into the sea. During the process, the pipe is fully and cyclically plastified. Plastification modifies the pipe properties, which is not by itself detrimental but should be understood by the designer. Pipe properties are affected in three ways: geometrical shape – reeling and straightening induce some residual ovalisation; mechanical properties – yield stress, hardening slope, isotropy are modified; and fatigue properties. Technip and IFP have studied these property evolutions for many years, both from an experimental and a numerical point of view. The present paper discusses the first two points. A wide experimental programme has been performed. Full scale pipes were reeled and straightened on a bending rig device especially built for that purpose. Pipe ovalisation was monitored through the whole process. Pipe mechanical properties were also fully characterised in the pipe axial, hoop and thickness directions, both in tension and compression, before and after reeling process. Extruded and UOE pipes were tested and characterised. Pipe initial properties are dependent on the manufacturing process but they are modified by the reeling process. Reeling induces some anisotropy that cannot be properly accounted for by usual plasticity models. Finite element simulations with Abaqus software, using the material behaviour of unreeled pipe, underestimate stiffness evolution in the hoop direction and overestimate ovalisation induced by the reeling process. Anisotropy has indeed a great effect on ovalisation that results from an interaction between axial and hoop loading. Hardening is also a key parameter. A new plasticity model has been written in an Abaqus User Material Model, known as UMAT. The new model is based on an anisotropic Hill criterion and special attention is paid to the hardening. This new model reduces by more than two the error on ovality estimation, and gives a realistic prediction of material anisotropy evolution through the process. Although, the tuning of the model coefficients is more complex than for usual models, its use is quite straightforward and does not increase computation time.
Struggling with Globalization in Thailand: Accumulation, Learning, or Market Competition

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

During the ‘golden decade’ (1987–96), Thailand was one of the fastest growing economies in the world and a top exporter of manufactured goods. What was the Thai approach to openness and world market integration during this period? In particular, what was the developmental potential of this export-led industrialization? In this article it is argued that premature financial liberalization and premature shifting to high-tech exports produced vulnerability and shallowness rather than sustainable industrial development in Thailand. The article discusses the Thai experience against three contending approaches to economic globalization – the ‘making openness work’ approach, giving priority to factor accumulation; the ‘strategic world market’ approach, giving priority to learning; and the ‘deep integration’ approach, giving priority to competition.