jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Health Capacity to Work at Older Ages in Denmark

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Longevity is increasing and many people are spending a greater proportion of their lives reliant on pensions to support consumption.In response to this, several countries have mandated delays to age of first entitlement to pension benefits in order to reduce incentives to retire early.However, it is unknown to what extent older individuals have the health capacity to sustain the longer working lives that delayed pension benefits may encourage.We estimate the health capacity to work longer in Denmark by comparing how much older individuals work today with how much those with similar mortality rates worked in the past, and how much younger individuals today with similar self-assessed health work.We find substantial health capacity for longer working lives among those currently aged 55 and above.We also find significant heterogeneity by education and gender.Those with a high school degree have the greatest additional work capacity, women have more additional capacity than men, especially women with a college degree.
Structural basis for post-transcriptional gene silencing by human Argonaute-2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Argonaute proteins are a unique class of RNases that degrade substrate RNAs in a sequence-specific manner. Argonaute proteins acquire substrate specificity by binding to a small RNA (21 nucleotide), termed the guide RNA, and use the encoded sequence to locate target message RNAs (mRNAs) through base-pairing complementarity. We have determined crystal structures of human Argonaute-2 (Ago2) bound a guide RNA and a variety of complementary target RNAs. The structures reveal how Ago2 uses discrete regions of the guide to scan for targets and the conformational changes associated with target recognition. Using free phenol as a probe, we also identified a constellation of hydrophobic cavities on the surface of Ago2 that we suggest are involved in the recruitment of additional protein factors to target mRNAs upon recognition by Ago2.
The American National Narrative of the Holocaust: There Isn't Any

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Before explaining why there is no American of the Holocaust it is a good idea to discuss what we might mean by a narrative of the Holocaust, or of anything else. It is not self-evident what the phrase describes; what the criteria are for designating an account a narrative. At the most general level, to call something a narrative suggests that de facto or de jure the in question constitutes some sort of national statement about how the collectivity understands (or is supposed to understand) all or part of its history in this case, the Holocaust. This is all right so far as it goes, but it's not very specific. Let's consider some of the sorts of criteria which we might expect a to meet before we designate it as national. I am not suggesting that these are hard and fast or necessary criteria: just that they seem to be at least implied by the label narrative. In the first place, it would seem reasonable to assume that the event which is allegedly the subject of a national in a given country is, in some specifiable sense, part of that country's history. This is not a judgment on the importance of the event, or whether it can be shown to have had consequences for the nation. Thus, the Bolshevik Revolution
Impact Reduction Method for Electric Vehicle Dual-mode Coupling Drive System with Modes Shift

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

摘要: 电动汽车双模耦合驱动系统实现集中式驱动系统与分布式驱动系统的一体化集成,可以大幅提高整车的动力学性能,但其驱动模式切换会造成车辆的平顺性下降。为解决上述问题,提出并验证基于机电耦合控制的变模冲击抑制方法。针对双模耦合驱动系统的独特构型,建立其传动总成模型,揭示出加装扭转减振器以减小变模冲击的动力学机理;综合考虑变模时间限制和冲击度要求,根据前期系统参数优化结果拟合得到变模执行机构驱动电机的角位移曲线;建立变模过程的预测函数控制器,实现对变模执行机构驱动电机拟合角位移的跟踪控制,完成了驱动模式的平滑切换。研究结果表明,将扭转减振器与预测函数控制器相结合进行机电耦合控制,可以在保证变模时间需求的前提下大幅减小系统冲击,达到所需的变模平顺性指标要求。
Vitality and Coping With Rules: A Qualitative Research Study Among Primary School Teachers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This interview-based study investigates how primary school teachers cope with rules to maintain their vitality. It is important to understand how teachers can keep their vitality high as they play an important role in the development of future generations. This study categorized teachers into four groups based on their experience of rules (few or many) and their vitality (high or low): (a) resilient, (b) affected, (c) untroubled, and (d) decoupled. Then the coping strategies these groups used to cope with rules to maintain vitality were studied. It seems that the resilient group of teachers is able to maintain vitality by using different coping styles. Consequently, if teachers became more aware of the coping strategies they could adopt, for example, through coping training, this could help them to maintain their vitality.
Unraveling the interplay of gravity and surface tension in driving waves on water’s surface

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to incorporate modern computational and numerical methods to give analytical and approximate soliton solutions for the generalized fractional Hietarinta–type (GFH) model in (2+1) dimensions. Solitary wave solutions for the suggested model, which mathematically shows how gravity and surface tension make waves move again on the water’s surface, are identified and illustrated. The phase velocity of waves with different wavelengths is described by the difference in frequency in fluid dynamics. A new modern numerical technique is used to show how accurate the computational solution is, along with analytical solutions. Hamiltonian system features are also utilized to regulate the solutions’ stability. All findings are double-checked by reinserting them into Mathematica 13.1’s core model.
Targeting the Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen for Prostate Cancer Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of death for men in Western civilization. Despite the effectiveness of surgical prostatectomy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy, a significant proportion of patients progress to advanced metastatic disease for which there are currently no curative treatment options. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches need to be considered. The prostate-specific membrane antigen is a cell-surface glycoprotein that is highly and specifically expressed on prostate epithelial cells and strongly upregulated in prostate cancer at all stages. These characteristics make it an attractive target for antibody-based imaging and therapies and the first anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen agents have already entered clinical trials. The proposed strategies include targeted toxins and radiotherapeutics as well as immunotherapeutic agents and vaccines.
The prevalence of some bacterial markers in female patients undergoing an initial infertility evaluation in north-east Romania.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We couldn't prove any association between genital MH/UU and infertility as the prevalence was higher in the control group than in the cases, but the correlation of the CT infection with the infertility was clearly shown. However, it is necessary to perform routine tests to screen for CT, NG, UU and MH among infertile patients. The positivity for CT IgG is a marker better correlated with fallopian tube obstruction than the CT antigen.
Students’ experience with literature in medical education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Introduction: The National Curricular Guidelines (NCG) for medical school bring the teaching of Humanities, among them Literature, as a way to overcome the biomedical model. Literature can strengthen compassion directed to the ‘other’. It starts with a curriculum organized by active teaching-learning methodologies. Objective: This study aims to understand the experiences of students from a Medical School in the interior of São Paulo who had contact with literary texts in the beginning of medical school, creating a representative model based on the experience. Method: This is a qualitative research guided by the Grounded Theory. The data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with undergraduate students who were randomly chosen from all years of the Medical School. The only inclusion criteria was the participation in groups coordinated by a teacher who had used literature as a teaching strategy. Twelve interviews were carried out, transcribed and codified. The sampling was performed by theoretical saturation. Results: The created categories were: 1. “Identifying the importance of the literature and Arts in Medical School, seeking a rupture from the biomedical model, while improving empathy and the humanization of care”; 2. “Reflecting on the use of artistic tools to learn practical contents in Medicine and to provide psychosocial knowledge”; 3. “Proposing a possible curricular systematization, considering active methodologies and other artistic forms”; 4. “Recalling the tales that are more often associated to the student’s personal interest, which can promote the integration with all the acquired knowledge”. Based on these categories, it was possible to create the representative model of the experience that relays the students’ satisfaction with literature in medical education, enhancing the humanization of care; however, there is a need for curriculum homogenization, aiming at organizing the activity and the learning opportunity for others students. Conclusion: The model comprises the idea that literature enhances the humanization of care and is able to establish a rupture from the biomedical model. The study potential lies in proposing strategies to the community and academic management, aiming to strengthen humanization in curricular perspective of medical training.
A Study on the Avatar Virtual Fashion in Zepeto from the Perspective of Multi-Persona

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 멀티 페르소나의 관점에서 제페토에 나타나는 아바타의 가상패션의 특성에 관한 것으로 이에 따른연구 목적은, 첫째, 가상세계, 멀티 페르소나, 아바타 패션에 대한 이해를 통한 연관 관계를 밝힌다. 둘째, 최근부각되고 있는 가상세계의 대표적 사례인 메타버스의 제페토에 나타나는 아바타 패션 사례를 조사 및 분석하여그 특성을 유형화 한다. 셋째, 가상세계의 멀티 페르소나 관점에서 아바타 패션의 특성을 도출한다. 이에 따른 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가상세계의 대표적 사례인 메타버스의 제페토에 나타나는 아바타의 가상패션을 통해 멀티 페르소나를 살펴볼 수 있었다. 둘째, 제페토에서 선정한 3명의 버추얼 크리에이터의 패션 사례를 조사 및분석하여 창조성, 오락성, 트렌드성, 유동성의 특성을 도출할 수 있었다. 셋째, 가상세계의 멀티 페르소나 관점에서 아바타의 가상패션은 다중적 가상부캐의 창조성, 유희적 가상패션의 오락성, 가상과 현실을 연결하는 트렌드성, 공간창조에 따른 소통의 유동성의 특성이 나타났다. 본 연구는 최근 부각되고 있는 가상세계 공간인 제페토에서또 다른 자아를 나타내는 아바타의 캐릭터를
Influences on cigarette smoking quantity. Selection, stress, or culture?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The selection, job stress, and job culture models of the association between occupation and smoking quantity were empirically evaluated in a random sample of 556 employed smoking adults in Orange County, California. Almost three quarters of the sample were heavy smokers (20 or more cigarettes per day). The largest percent of heavy smokers were blue-collar workers (77%). Age, sex, ethnicity, and the industry in which one works were all associated with heavy smoking, implying that selection and culture models contribute to smoking behavior. For example, men had twice the odds of being heavy smokers than did women, and Anglos had almost two and a half times the odds of being a heavy smoker than did non-Anglos. Smokers employed in the service, financial, insurance, and retail industries were one fourth as likely to be heavy smokers as those employed in the public administration sector. Smokers employed in the public administration sector had the highest percent of heavy smokers (88.9%). Job stress was not associated with heavy smoking compared with light smoking. Smoking cessation and prevention programs should address the social and job cultures in which the behavior occurs. Job-culture models of intervention should include elements that focus on individual coping mechanisms involving susceptibility to social pressure; social environment models imply that change in organizational culture is necessary.
Efficient design of integrated and adaptively interlinked early phase drug development programs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Current practice favors integrated protocols in early phase clinical trials.Adaptively combining clinical trial protocols has been shown to have advantages in increasing participant safety, the effectiveness of data gathered in the study as well as increasing the speed of completion.The data presented here shows how an early phase program, from First-in-human (FIH) to proof-of-concept (POC) can be designed and performed efficiently using inter-dependent, integrated, adaptive protocols.Method: OBE022 is being developed for the treatment of spontaneous pre-term labor.A Phase 1 trial in healthy women was performed to evaluate OBE022's safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and proof-of-concept of efficacy.Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) at relevant OBE022 doses with a series of drugs used to treat pre-term labor were also evaluated (Figure 1).Results: Study parts were designed to overlap -the MAD, FE, POC and DDI started once relevant dose levels/exposures had been tested in the SAD.The feasibility used an active control only so commenced in parallel with the SAD.Considering the distinct risk assessment needed, and the later time point at which the DDI would start, this trial part was split off the main FIH protocol into a separate study for the purposes of simplicity.The adaptive design resulted in significant time savings and reduced number of subjects.Only 11 and 7 months were required for trial set-up to final report and regulatory approval to last subject visit, respectively.The overall program took 11 months.Eighty subjects were included.Conclusions: The adaptive features enable the flexible dosing regimen selection and the subject numbers to be changed.In addition to the standard SAD, MAD and FE studies, early efficacy POC and DDI studies were integrated.Owing to the adaptive protocol design, no substantial amendments were needed and a more efficient use of data facilitated trial progression.Early phase protocols can be adaptively interlinked so that entire early phase programs from FIH to DDI and POC can be designed, completed and reported in approximately one year.
Democratic Transitions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Przeworski et al. (2000) challenge the key hypothesis in modernization theory: political regimes do not transition to democracy as per capita incomes rise, they argue. Rather, democratic transitions occur randomly, but once there, countries with higher levels of GDP per capita remain democratic. We retest the modernization hypothesis using new data, new techniques, and a three‐way rather than dichotomous classification of regimes. Contrary to Przeworski et al. (2000) we find that the modernization hypothesis stands up well. We also find that partial democracies emerge as among the most important and least understood regime types.
THE RESPONSE OF EARLY AMBONESE FORAGERS TO THE MALUKU SPICE TRADE: THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Discussion of the effects of European contact and the spice trade on the peoples of the Indonesian Archipelago (cf. Meilink-Roelofsz 1962, Van Leur 1955) has a long tradition in anthropology and history. Special at-tention has been given to the province of Maluku, arguably the most af-
A Systematic Approach to Autonomous Agents

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Agents and agent-based systems are becoming essential in the development of various fields, such as artificial intelligence, ubiquitous computing, ambient intelligence, autonomous computing, and intelligent robotics. The concept of autonomous agents, inspired by the observed agency in living systems, is also central to current theories on the origin, development, and evolution of life. Therefore, it is crucial to develop an accurate understanding of agents and the concept of agency. This paper begins by discussing the role of agency in natural systems as an inspiration and motivation for agential technologies and then introduces the idea of artificial agents. A systematic approach is presented for the classification of artificial agents. This classification aids in understanding the existing state of the artificial agents and projects their potential future roles in addressing specific types of problems with dedicated agent types.
Ultra‐high pressure LC for astaxanthin determination in shrimp by‐products and active food packaging

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Nowadays, there is increasing interest in natural antioxidants from food by‐products. Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant and one of the major carotenoids in crustaceans and salmonids. An ultra‐high pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of astaxanthin in shrimp by‐products, and its migration from new packaging materials to food simulants was also studied. The method uses an UPLC® BEH guard‐column (2.1 × 5 mm, 1.7 µm particle size) and an UPLC® BEH analytical column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 µm particle size). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a programmed gradient mobile phase consisting of (A) acetonitrile–methanol (containing 0.05 m ammonium acetate)–dichloromethane (75:20:5, v/v/v) and (B) ultrapure water. This method was evaluated with respect to validation parameters such as linearity, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification and recovery. Low‐density polyethylene films were prepared with different amounts of the lipid fraction of fermented shrimp waste by extrusion, and migration was evaluated into food simulants (isooctane and ethanol 95%, v/v). Migration was not detected under the tested conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
States and the IMF

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract States created the International Monetary Fund (IMF) at the Bretton Woods conference, and much of the political science literature explores how states continue to be the major drivers of IMF actions. Two main approaches have emerged. The first, drawing on principal-agent theory, sees states as intentionally delegating authority to the Fund. The second explores the ways that states exercise informal influence, outside the official channels of delegation. This chapter links these two literatures by thinking of informal influence as rent-seeking behavior. When the United States or other powerful actors go outside the usual norms of influence, they are extracting private rents from the international organization (IO). Such rent-seeking behavior, if unchecked, undermines the fundamental reasons for the initial delegation of authority to the IMF.
Raptor network video coding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we consider the problem of streaming video information on lossy packet networks with path and source diversity, such as wireless mesh networks or more generally overlay architectures. We propose to distribute the video information between several streaming servers and to implement network coding in the forwarding peers in order to increase the quality of the video decoded by the streaming client. A network coding algorithm based on Raptor codes permits to combine video packets in the network nodes and to increase the symbol diversity in the network. Coupled with the path diversity in the overlay network, this solution is shown to offer a significant gain in video quality compared to baseline streaming solutions when loss rate becomes important or the network diversity is reduced.
Relationship of nitrate N concentration in petiole at seedling stage to seed yield and quality at harvest over rapeseed cultivars

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rapeseed is one of the high nitrogen-requiring crops.Effective management of nitrogen is the key for high yield,high efficiency and high quality rapeseed production.Field experiment was carried out to study nitrate N concentration in petiole at seedling stage and its relationship to seed yield and quality over 18 rapeseed varieties.The obtained results showed that petiole nitrate N concentrations were significantly different over rapeseed varieties at the same N application rate.Petiole nitrate N concentrations at seedling stage could reflect the change of shoot biomass,seed yield,and N uptake in seed and shoot over varieties at harvest,when soil N was sufficiently supplied.However,no significant relationship was observed between petiole nitrate N concentration at seedling stage and primary branches,seeds per pod and 1000-seed weight,and its relationships to plant height,branch height and silique number per plant were different under different N application rates.Whether the N rate was high or low,no significant relation was showed between petiole nitrate N concentration at seedling stage and seed quality indexes at harvest.
A Radial Concentration Gradient of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Is Related to Secondary Xylem Development in Hybrid Aspen

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The radial distribution pattern of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was determined across the developing tissues of the cambial region in the stem of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. x Populus tremuloides Michx). IAA content was measured in consecutive tangential cryo-sections using a microscale mass spectrometry technique. Analysis was performed with wild-type and transgenic trees with an ectopic expression of Agrobacterium tumefaciens IAA-biosynthetic genes. In all tested trees IAA was distributed as a steep concentration gradient across the developing tissues of the cambial region. The peak level of IAA was within the cambial zone, where cell division takes place. Low levels were reached in the region where secondary wall formation was initiated. The transgenic trees displayed a lower peak level and a wider radial gradient of IAA compared with the wild type. This alteration was related to a lower rate of cambial cell division and a longer duration of xylem cell expansion in the transgenic trees, resulting in a decreased xylem production and a larger fiber lumen area. The results indicate that IAA has a role in regulating not only the rate of physiological processes such as cell division, but also the duration of developmental processes such as xylem fiber expansion, suggesting that IAA functions as a morphogen, conveying positional information during xylem development.
Application Potentials of Systems Engineering for Small and Middle-sized Enterprises

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

To overcome future product development challenges, the application of Systems Engineering is important for small and middle-sized enterprises. Content of this paper is an analysis of application potentials of Systems Engineering principles for those enterprises especially in comparison to global international companies and organizations which shape Systems Engineering. Furthermore the results are validated by an example enterprise. The aim is to provide a realistic assessment of those potentials and support the use of Systems Engineering.