jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Privatization of public enterprises in Swaziland

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Due to unemployment growth in the country, the nation is deeply concerned over the privatization program for public enterprises that took place in Swaziland recently. With this respect, this paper aims to provide an account of privatization policy and examine employees’ perception about the implementation of such policy in Swaziland. The study reveals that the privatization program in Swaziland has not been developed in isolation as a cure for all the economic problems in itself, but it forms part of the broader monetary, fiscal and social policies. Findings of the study also indicate that level of employees’ perception is low towards the implementation of privatization program in Swaziland. However, this research leads to the conclusion that privatization of public enterprises can be good for the economy of developing countries particularly Sub-Saharan African countries including Swaziland since most of public enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa make losses which are financed by government, thus creating huge deficits.
Chiral invariance and scale invariance

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A scale-invariant theory of pions and the dilation coupled to gravity in a nonminimal manner is shown to imply the nonlinear $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ model. Nonlinear realizations of broken chiral invariance emerge from the implementation of a constraint due to conservation of dilatational current. A cosmological scenario is developed from the model.
Relationship between Rotylenchulus reniformis densities and host damage with reference to tolerance levels1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Relationship between logarithmic densities of the reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis and damage to castor, cotton, cowpea, greengram, okra and tomato was fitted to Seinhorst's equation Y = m + (l-m) ZP-T. Tolerance limits of cotton, cowpea, greengram and tomato, at two different stages of crop growth and at one stage of okra (60 days) and castor (100 days) were calculated separately for shoot and root weights and total plant weights with. the help of computer programme. Host root parameter had lower tolerance limits (1.6 to 10.0/1000-cm3 of soil). Castor and cotton had higher tolerance limits (10.12 and 14.35/1000 cm3 of soil) and better multiplication rates (372 and 83 times) suggesting advanced relationship and suitability for culturing the nematode on these hosts.
Stroke after acute myocardial infarction: relation to infarct size.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a consecutive series of 783 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 13 (1.7%) suffered a stroke. In all but one case the strokes occurred among the 255 patients whose peak creatine kinase (CK) concentrations fell in the upper third of the range of values (over 1160 IU/l, about eight times the upper limit of normal); the exception was a patient with a pre-existing ventricular aneurysm. The incidence of stroke in the patients with CK over 1160 IU/l was 4.7%, 24 times the incidence when peak CK was below this value (0.2%). Higher peak serum enzyme concentrations were associated with an even higher incidence of stroke. Comparison of peak enzyme concentrations with cumulated CK showed a close correlation (r = 0.90 with peak CK; r = 0.85 with peak aspartate transaminase), suggesting that the peak enzyme values reflected infarct size. Thus the risk of stroke after infarction was a function of the size of the myocardial infarct; two-thirds of the patients had negligible risk of stroke and did not need anticoagulant prophylaxis.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Hypertension in Hemophilia: Cross-Sectional Analysis of a National Discharge Register

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Improved life expectancy of persons with hemophilia (PWHs) has led to a greater interest in the role of age-related chronic diseases, such as hypertension, in this cohort. Several observational studies have reported an increased prevalence of hypertension in PWHs; however, this has not been assessed using a large, national database in the United States. Aims: We hypothesized the prevalence of hypertension is increased in PWHs and compared the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors among patients with and without hemophilia. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using discharge data among adult males from the National Inpatient Sample over the 3-year period, 2009 to 2011. Hypertension was compared across groups using Rao-Scott χ 2 test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of hypertension in patients with hemophilia after adjustment for hypertension-associated risk factors. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in patients with hemophilia was less than the prevalence of hypertension in patients without hemophilia (39.5% vs 56.3%, P < .001). Hemophilia was associated with a decreased odds of hypertension after adjusting for associated risk factors (odds ratio: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.81-0.94). Conclusion: In contrast to the findings of several other recent studies, we report a decreased prevalence of hypertension in PWHs. The discrepancy among the reported prevalence of hypertension in our study and several others highlights the potential biases inherent to retrospective and cross-sectional studies and underscores the need for well-designed prospective studies to determine the true incidence of hypertension in PWHs, which may lie somewhere in between our findings and the findings of others.
The grain of a vocal genre : a comparative approach to the singing pedagogies of EVDC integrative performance practice, Korean 'pansori', and the Polish centre for theatre practices 'Gardzienice'

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis is a cross-cultural examination of the relationship between the trained physiology of the voice and culture. Building on Barthes's notion of the grain of the voice,' I argue that each training system moulds the body in a way that decisively affects aesthetic phonation. Therefore I analyse voice training as a bodily inscription, in its Foucauldian sense, and I focus on the pedagogical ethics crystallised in the 'grain of the genre.' This I define as the collective 'grain' to which pedagogies of codified genres aspire, beyond and apart from the individual singing performer's 'grain' ; in other words, the 'grain of the genre' is the means by which culture is reaffirmed in/through the trainee's voice. The introductory chapter looks at the anatomical and physiological properties of the voice, traces the history of theorisations of the voice in order to situate my project, and explains my methodologies as a practitioner/researcher. Drawing on extended practical fieldwork, each of the subsequent three chapters explores the ' grain' of three pedagogies in the light of my personal training and the historical, musicological and broader cultural research I conducted in relation to each method. The three training approaches are a recent development in the area of bel canto (Integrative Performance Practice by 'Experience Vocal Dance Company,' USA and UK), an Asian traditional genre (Korean pansori), and a training pertaining to the Western avant-garde tradition (Centre for Theatre Practices 'Gardzienice,' Poland). Chapter 2 argues that the transdisciplinary grain of IPP on one hand adheres to a scientific approach to voicing, while attempting to bypass the deadends of the predominant training of the 'natural' voice. Chapter 3 acknowledges the grain of pansori as developed and promoted through the explicit aesthetic agenda of Korean han. Chapter 4 studies the grain of Gardzienice as one of 'laughing openness,' a grain mainly preoccupied with the inter-corporeal and the relational. The final chapter revisits the category of the 'grain of the genre' through my embodied perspective as a cross-cultural researcher. I reexamine the Foucauldian aspects of the 'grain' and its disciplinary character through the lens of the axis docility-resistance. I conclude the thesis with the suggestion of a dynamic relation between culture and vocal practice, the resistant aspects of which are, I argue, foregrounded when voice is addressed and taught as phonic and foreign.
P21 Artificial intelligence assessment of the thoracic aorta is accurate, reliable and has potential clinical impact

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective

To assess the diagnostic accuracy, reliability and clinical impact of artificial intelligence (AI) derived thoracic aorta analysis (AI-Rad Companion, Siemens) on routine clinical gated and non-gated chest CT.

Methods

This was a single centre retrospective study. AI diagnostic accuracy was assessed on 210 consecutive CT aortas and compared to cardiothoracic radiologist reference standard. AI test-retest accuracy was assessed on immediate sequential pre- and post-contrast CT aortas in 29 patients. Real-world AI clinical impact was assessed in 197 non-gated CT chests with comparison to manual radiology reports and patient electronic records to establish the detection rate of previously unknown aortopathy.

Results

AI analysis was feasible in 97% (421/436 scans). Diagnostic accuracy of AI was good to excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.87–0.96). Test-retest accuracy of expert reader (ICC 0.88–0.98) and AI (ICC 0.82–0.94) for the ascending aorta were good to excellent. AI identified new aortopathy in 27% of non-gated scans versus routine clinical reports (X2 51, p<0.001).

Conclusion

AI provides measurements of the thoracic aorta comparable to an expert reader with similar reliability. Whereas manual reporting of non-dedicated studies significantly underreports thoracic aneurysms, AI identifies previously unknown aortopathy in a significant proportion (27%) of non-gated CT chests. The use of AI software in non-dedicated CT chest imaging could support earlier diagnosis of thoracic aneurysms before potentially fatal complications.
Other Sources for Biomass Energy

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, energetic utilization of b io mass, biotechnology attracts a big attention not only fro m the environmental point of v iew but also have a social, polit ical and economical impact. According to the Directive 2003/30/ EC of the European Parliament and the European Council the emission of greenhouse gases can be reduced by 49% using bioethanol produced by a manufacturing process based on corn, instead of crude oil based fuels. Moreover in Hungary fro m 1st of July 2007 only gasoline with at least 4.4% b ioethanol content is commercialized. In this art icle, some concrete examples of successful developments and/or imp lementation of bio mass projects in Hungary are given such as the production of friendly raw synthetic materials at Nitrokemia and manufacture of bioethanol by Hungrana companies, bio-ethyl-tert-butyl-ether production and research on new generation of biofuels by MOL Pls. Danube Refinery. The main advantages and disadvantages as well motivations for further research and development of Hungarian bio-industrial and bio-consumer sectors are discussed.
Growers in Niagara Co.; Eve’s Farm Advisory Service and Paddock Agricultural Consulting Service Type of grant:

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pheromones; biorationals; microbials; conventional pesticides Project location(s): Niagara, Orleans, Monroe, and Wayne Counties and applicable to all Northeast where OFM are endemic. There has been an increase of peach acreage in NY by 11%, and 30 % in numbers of peach trees planted. The increase has mainly been in processing peaches. Most of these plantings are interplanted near apple and pear orchards. The Oriental fruit moth (OFM) larva is an internal fruit pest of peaches, apples, and pear, and it feeds on shoots of peaches and apples. Two factors may be contributing to the increase in pressure from this pest: 1) OFM is less susceptible to the current pesticides used and 2) many apple growers are reduce the use of OP’s and other broad-spectrum insecticides in apples. Mating disruption (MD) was implemented in 210 acres of peaches using Isomate M100 twist ties. The principle behind MD is to flood the orchard with the sex attractant pheromone naturally exuded by the female OFM to attract the male. The
A young man who could not walk.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infections affecting the central nervous system caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis are rare but curable. We describe a case of a 24-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness over 1 month. On the day of admission, he had minimal muscle strength and was hyperreflexic in the lower extremities. Sensation, however, was intact. Skin examination revealed annular, raised, crusted lesions on his face and legs. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed marrow replacement of the T7 and T8 vertebral bodies and an epidural mass with cord compression. A chest radiograph showed an infiltrate, and a subsequent needle biopsy revealed yeast resembling B. dermatitidis. A skin biopsy was then obtained, and the culture grew out B. dermatitidis. He received 4 weeks of amphotericin B lipid complex (total of 6 grams), followed by oral itraconazole. After 1 week on antifungals, he was able to walk with a walker and the skin lesions virtually resolved. At 5 months he was ambulatory and riding a bicycle daily. Blastomycosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of epidural masses.
Identification ofOphiosphaerella herpotrichaby Cloned DNA Probes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

DNA of Ophiosphaerella herpotricha, a cause of spring dead spot of bermudagrass, was digested with XbaI and was cloned. A 1.5-kb clone (pOH29) was selected from a genomic library for its specificity and strong hybridization to the total DNA of 29 0. herpotricha isolates. pOH29 did not hybridize to other fungi commonly associated with roots and stolons of bermudagrass, including Letosphaeria korrae, L. narmari, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis, and G. incrustans. The probe detected O. herpotricha DNA isolated from 200 mg (wet weight) of infected bermudagrass roots and from 1 μg of lyophylized mycelium []
Age Differences in the Reception of New Scientific Theories: The Case of Plate Tectonics Theory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Some studies seem to indicate that age may not be nearly so powerful a factor in structuring scientific disputes as has long been supposed. This paper views the weak and apparently inconsistent empirical associations reported in earlier studies as arising from incomplete analysis of the relationship between age and receptivity to new scientific theories. Explanations as to why age and receptivity might co-vary have focused on motivational factors that reinforce attachments to existing knowledge, overlooking the possibility that the resources which scientists accrue during their careers may well buffer the increased intellectual risk taken in advocating speculative theories. Older scientists may therefore be better positioned than their younger colleagues to speak out earlier in support of new but controversial theories. Age may thus have contradictory effects on receptivity. The hypothesis that the effects of age are mediated by historical changes in prevailing scientific opinion is examined by a quantitative case study of the reception of continental and later plate tectonics theory.
Rooibos Aspalathus linearis – Can it reduce the incidence and severity of acute mountain sickness? A case study of Aconcagua (6962 m) climbing expedition, Argentina

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sport and leisure activities at altitude, including climbing, trekking and various snow sports, continue to grow in popularity. However, the increase of high altitude activities is associated with hypoxia and its consequences, namely acute mountain sickness (AMS), which can manifest in two life-threatening conditions, namely high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). The most common methods for dealing with the potential onset of AMS involve acclimatization strategies, such as ascending 500m or less a day, and ingesting prescribed prophylactic medication, which can have adverse side effects. The study focuses on the efficacy of the fynbos plant rooibos Aspalathus linearis to reduce and/or prevent AMS. Rooibos is a unique South African herbal product usually consumed as a tea and a dietary source of unique bio-active antioxidants. A case study was conducted involving eight climbers (mean age: 46.6± 11.2 years) who supplemented their diet with rooibos in capsule form containing ~ 400mg rooibos extract (standardized to include 130mg total polyphenols/capsule) taken 3 times per day during the ascent of Aconcagua (6962 m) in Argentina. The dosage is equivalent to about 6 cups of rooibos tea per day. Daily resting mean heart rate increased from 62 to 87 beats per minutes (bpm) and mean peripheral blood oxygen saturations levels declined from 98% to 79% SpO2. The Lake Louise (LLS) assessment reported negligible symptoms of AMS for seven climbers up to, and at 6000 m. It is tentatively asserted that the findings indicate the potential of the rooibos plant Aspalathus linearis to reduce the symptoms and/or onset of AMS for those persons ascending to high altitudes, whether for sport, leisure or for work.Keywords: Hypoxia, acute mountain sickness (AMS), Rooibos.
Factors affecting chronic renal failure progression: results from a multicentre trial. The Northern Italian Cooperative Study Group.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to evaluate the prognostic factors concerning the rate of progressive deterioration of renal function, we made an inductive analysis of the behaviour of 456 patients in a multicentre, formal prospective trial aimed at clarifying the possible role of protein restriction in retarding the progression of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). The main clinical and laboratory findings in patients whose plasma creatinine (PCr) levels doubled in comparison with baseline randomization values or who needed dialysis within 24 months after onset of the study were compared with those of the other patients. In addition, independently of the assigned diet, we tested the main variables that might affect CRI progression (sex, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, change in body weight, hematocrit, calcium-phosphate product, proteinuria, protein catabolic rate, total cholesterol and triglycerides). We used multiple regression analyses and also plotted the mean values of these parameters in each patient against an estimate of the deterioration of chronic renal failure based on the difference between the final and the initial reciprocal of the PCr and the creatinine clearance (CCr) levels. A descriptive analysis of the behaviour of PCr in the three CRI groups and in the four underlying diseases groups was made. PCr levels at entry, underlying disease and proteinuria were prognostic factors for CRI progression. The increase in PCr was 0.0102 mg/dl/month in patients with nephrosclerosis, 0.0203 mg/dl/month in interstitial nephropathy, 0.0360 mg/dl/month in glomerulonephritis and 0.0704 mg/dl/month in polycystic kidney disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Association between social jetlag and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in adolescents in Western Canada

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Sleep debt is linked to poor health behaviours, and adolescents may be especially vulnerable to deficit from the mismatch of their late chronotype with socially determined sleep timing. We aimed to investigate the potential association between social jetlag and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption among adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional data from 1031 adolescents (13–18 years) who participated in the population-based British Columbia Adolescent Substance Use Survey in 2012. Regression analysis using interaction terms estimated the associations between social jetlag (using self-reported weekday/weekends sleep times) and odds of SSB intake in girls and boys. Results On average, adolescents reported 1.59 (SD 0.73) hours of social jetlag, but girls had significantly more social jetlag (1.64) than boys (1.52). Most adolescents (84%) reported consuming SSBs, and significantly more boys (87%) than girls (81%); median SSB intake in boys was 1–2 times per week and in girls less than once per week. Significant differences in girls consuming any SSB were seen across levels of social jetlag. The odds of any SSB intake were significantly higher in adolescents with social jetlag between 1 and 2 h [odds ratio (OR): 1.6 (1.14–2.38)] and over 2 h [OR 1.87 (1.11–3.14)], compared with 1 h or less; associations were stronger and only significant in girls. Conclusions This study is the first to show social jetlag is a common sleep deficit that is associated with SSB intake in adolescents, particularly among teen girls.
Institutions, Corruption/Prosperity, and Religion (A), (B), (D), (1), (3), (6)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter characterises the relations between religion, institutions, and the transparency–prosperity nexus. It explains how economic prosperity, democracy, and transparency are part of a feedback loop that constitutes a single phenomenon. More importantly, this chapter deepens the institutional analysis by concentrating on the particular historical influence of religion on the different legal traditions in Europe and the Americas. It is the cornerstone of Part 3 and, as such, of the entire book. The Reformation brought forth a wide range of modern institutions. Among these, education and democracy are the most crucial ones for ensuring prosperity/transparency outcomes. Likewise, Protestantism has impacted the secularisation of the state in Protestant countries (and also in Roman Catholics, albeit to a lesser, more indirect extent). Protestantism fosters horizontal power relations and secular-rational attitudes towards authority. Thus, such egalitarian and secular attitudes are linked to greater transparency and prosperity. The Lutheran German Revolution formed the basis of the various later Protestant, dissenting revolutions and legal traditions (i.e. British and American). Some of its concepts (e.g. separation of state functions from the church; state-sponsored education) permeate all modern legal systems to this day and ended the monopoly of Roman canon law. Regardless of the advances made by Roman Catholicism in the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II: 1962–1965), corporatist ideologies remain prevalent, mostly in Latin America. But while Roman Catholic discourse has shifted, the institutional inertia persists and maintains the hierarchical status quo and longstanding feudal structures.
HISEA-1: China's First Miniaturized Commercial C-Band SAR Satellite

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The HiSea-1 satellite launched in December 2020 is the first commercial miniaturized C-band SAR satellite in China. It is also the first satellite belonging to the TY- MINISAR constellation which is the first generation of light and small SAR remote sensing satellites being developed by Spacety. It is developed based on advanced SAR technologies such as the C-band lightweight active phased array antenna and integrated satellite electronics design technology. The weight of the satellite is 185kg while the imaging resolution reaches 1 meter. After more than one-year in orbit, the HiSea-1 satellite has acquired enormous SAR imageries under distinctive environments using different acquisition modes of different spatial resolutions. Acquired SAR imageries have been applied to various applications, such as oil spill detection, sea ice monitoring and flood monitoring, demonstrating the great potential of the miniaturized HiSea-1 satellite. This paper presents an overview of the HiSea-1 satellite and its up-to-date status.