jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DNA Fingerprinting ofSalmonella entericasubsp.entericaSerovar Typhimurium with Emphasis on Phage Type DT104 Based on Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Loci

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Seventy-eight human and environmental strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, as well as 18 isolates of other Salmonella serovars and 6 isolates of Escherichia coli , were subjected to a novel variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR)-based fingerprinting method that showed high discrimination and reproducibility for typing serovar Typhimurium isolates. The method is based on capillary separation of PCR products from fluorescence-labeled VNTR in the serovar Typhimurium genome. The serovar Typhimurium isolates displayed 54 VNTR patterns, and the VNTR assay correctly identified strains from a well-characterized outbreak. Among 37 serovar Typhimurium phage type DT104 isolates, 28 distinct VNTR patterns were found. This VNTR-based method is fast and suitable for complete automation. Our VNTR-based method was capable of high discrimination within the homogeneous serovar Typhimurium DT104 phage type and can be used to trace outbreaks and to monitor DT104 as well as other phage types. The VNTR assay was compared to Xba I pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, integron-cassette profiles and gene PCR of intI1 , qacEΔ1 , sulI1 , and floR . The VNTR assay showed greatly improved resolution compared to all other tested methods in this study.
Geographic Information System of Farmer Group and Area in Samarinda City Web-Based

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Presenting geographic data information by using a GIS (Geographical Information System), GIS is an organized series of hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently obtain, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information. The difficulty of finding the location of the Farmers Group the Department of Agriculture of the City of Samarinda, it is very important to know the location, especially when the service will hold agricultural counseling for faster delivery of information, therefore an appropriate use of technology is needed to provide accurate information. The purpose of this study is to provide convenience to users in finding locations, finding routes to locations, and other information about farmer groups and their lands in the city of Samarinda. Based on the case studies in this study, it can be concluded that the author will build a web-based geographic information system for mapping farmer groups and their lands in the city of Samarinda.
Light propagation in active fibers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we deduce the equations of motion for both cw and long-pulse light in active fibers. We then solve the equations under zero-order and first-order perturbations by using the quantum theory about the polarization of an active material. We give a quantitative description of the evolutions of amplitudes and phases of the cw and long-pulse light, and discuss the influence of the active material on the group velocity of the long pulse light.
Accessible gene borders establish a core structural unit for chromatin architecture in Arabidopsis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structure is linked to transcriptional regulation in multicellular eukaryotes including plants. Taking advantage of high-resolution Hi-C (high-throughput chromatin conformation capture), we detected a small structural unit with 3D chromatin architecture in the Arabidopsis genome, which lacks topologically associating domains, and also in the genomes of tomato, maize, and Marchantia polymorpha. The 3D folding domain unit was usually established around an individual gene and was dependent on chromatin accessibility at the transcription start site (TSS) and transcription end site (TES). We also observed larger contact domains containing two or more neighboring genes, which were dependent on accessible border regions. Binding of transcription factors to accessible TSS/TES regions formed these gene domains. We successfully simulated these Hi-C contact maps via computational modeling using chromatin accessibility as input. Our results demonstrate that gene domains establish basic 3D chromatin architecture units that likely contribute to higher-order 3D genome folding in plants.
The Analysis of a Novice Primary Teacher’s Mathematical Knowledge in Teaching: Area Measurement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate a novice primary teacher’s mathematical knowledge in teaching on area measurement. Data was collected from a novice primary teacher of fourteen students in a primary school located in Ankara, Turkey using field notes, video recordings of lessons, and audio recordings of interviews before and after her teaching. Her teaching were analyzed according to dimensions of Knowledge Quartet (KQ) model which included Foundation, Transformation, Connection, and Contingency. Results revealed that the KQ model is an alternative and effective tool for the primary mathematics teaching. Specifically, the novice primary teacher’s mathematical knowledge in teaching for area measurement was found to be effective regarding the Foundation and Contingency dimensions. However, she lacked the ability to make connections and use appropriate representations and examples regarding the Connection and Transformation dimensions respectively. Implications and suggestions for the improvement of teachers’ mathematical knowledge in teaching are presented.
Clostridioides difficile enteritis: a targeted review of current literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clostridioides difficile enteritis (CDE) is a rare but clinically significant form of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) affecting the small intestine. CDE poses a diagnostic challenge owing to its rarity, complexity, and nonspecific presentation. The current data is retrospective in the form of case reports and conference proceedings. The lack of widespread awareness and limited literature on CDE often result in diagnostic delays, contributing to increased morbidity. This targeted narrative review sought to consolidate the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of CDE, addressing a critical gap in the existing literature. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, were searched for published cases from inception to April 2024. The initial search yielded 2,120 articles, which were filtered using study design, English language, and human subjects. After screening for duplicates and excluding irrelevant articles, 44 articles comprising 49 patients were included in the final review. Of the 49 individual cases reviewed, 25 (51%) were male and 24 (49%) were female. The patients' ages ranged from 16 to 91 years, with a mean age of 53.4 years. Abdominal pain and diarrhea were the chief complaints reported in 37/49 (76%) and 35/49 (71%) cases, respectively. About 42/49 (86%) cases were effectively treated with antibiotics, while some cases required fecal microbiota transplantation or surgical exploration. Given its grave course, CDE warrants prompt and appropriate treatment to prevent complications such as fulminant enteritis, compartment syndrome, and bowel perforation.
Knowledge of Neonatal Danger Signs among Postnatal Mothers at Women and New born Hospital - University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka Zambia.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The awareness and identification of neonatal danger signs by mothers play a significant role in a neonate's survival and future health. The survival of neonates is thought to be increased by providing a clear understanding of neonatal danger signs. This study aimed to assess postnatal mothers' knowledge of neonatal danger signs and associated factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study design was used to conduct a study at Women and Newborn Hospital UTH in Lusaka Zambia with a total number of 150 participants. Participants recruited in the study included all mothers aged 18 and above seeking care at UTH from day six today twenty-eight after delivery. Data was collected using the validated Neonatal Danger Signs Knowledge and Practices Questionnaire (NDSKQ) tool and SPSS version 26 was used to analyse data. A Binary logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with Neonatal danger signs. Findings: Slightly above half (53%) of the respondents had poor knowledge on neonatal danger signs. Age, marital status, educational level, parity, antenatal care attendance and family support system were associated with knowledge on neonatal danger signs with all p values of less than or equal to 0.05. Younger mothers (18-20 years) (56.5%) were more likely to have poor knowledge compared to older mothers. Married mothers (68%) and those who were divorced or widowed (60%) were more likely to have better knowledge compared to single mothers, mothers with tertiary education (60%) had better knowledge compared to those with none/primary education (58%), mothers with more children (66.7%) were less likely to have poor knowledge compared to those with their first child (50%), mothers who attended antenatal care six times or more (67.1%) had better knowledge compared to those who attended five times or less (53.8%) and mothers with a family support system (75%) were more likely to have good knowledge compared to those without (53%) all the associations were statistically significant. Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: There is need to focus on training in maternal identification of neonatal danger signs. Personalised education for mothers, considering age and education level, and integrating family involvement and cultural competence into care delivery are crucial. Nursing education should advance through specialized curricula, utilizing advanced simulation training and interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance clinical skills in identification of neonatal danger signs and promote maternal awareness of neonatal dangers signs, ultimately improving neonatal health.
Intra-Salafi Power Struggles: Politicization of Purity and Fragmentation of Authority in Ghana

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines how intra-Salafi power politics has led to the politicization of religious purity and the fragmentation of the Salafi movement in Ghana. Analyzing the religious culture of Ghana, I demonstrate how the Supreme Council for Islamic Call and Research (SCICR) emerged in the 1980s, as disagreements among SCICR members led to varying interpretations of the Salafi corpus. I demonstrate how this development was rooted in a power struggle among multiple actors that could loosely be categorized as Saudi- and non-Saudi-trained Ghanaian Salafis. Using archival resources and interviews, I argue that Salafi figures’ quest for religious authority generated differences in interpreting the religious corpus, leading to politicization of the Salafi notion of religious purity and fragmentation of the movement.
Strategic Communication Management of Corporate Crises: Case Analysis

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate how Multinational Corporations (MNCs) manage crises that can potentially damage their global reputation in an interconnected world. Design/Method/Approach: A Case study approach was used to examine Nestle’s response to the campaign launched by Greenpeace International in 2010 against its chocolate brand Kit Kat and its sustainable practices in Indonesia; and Benetton Group’s response to the garment factory collapse in Bangladesh in 2013. Findings: The findings show commonality in both crises’ lifecycle patterns and stages of development, and explain how crisis management strategies deployed by both organisations contributed to the ways in which the crises were represented in the public arena. Two MNC response patterns were identified from the cases - lack of understanding of the integrated and international nature of news and social media and its power to influence public opinion, and poor choices in the deployment of crisis communication strategies. While these cases are not generalizable, they call on MNCs to reflect on their communication practices and consider the role of issue management as a long term cost effective measure to protect global reputation in a mediated world.
The hydrochemistry of the two sacred water springs, located in the mountainous region ofKangra District, Himachal Pradesh

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Himachal Pradesh, renowned for its mountainous terrain, is also recognized for its abundant water resources, particularly natural spring. These springs serve as vital water sources for the local population and hold both mythological and medicinal significance. The present investigation aimed to examine the hydrochemistry, Water Quality Index (WQI), and resource utilization patterns of two natural cold water springs, Agojar and Kedara, located in the vicinity of District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. Over a six-month period, a total of ten physical and chemical parameters were analyzed, revealing that all parameters exhibited positive correlations and remained within permissible limits except Iron. The WQI categorizes both springs as "good" and "excellent," indicating their safety for human consumption in various forms. Additionally, the study found that peak human activity occurs during the morning hours, particularly between 7:00 AM and 8:00 AM, at both springs.
PERAMPANEL TREATMENT FOR GENERALISED TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose

A post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of perampanel across four Phase III studies in patients with secondarily generalised (SG) or primary generalised tonic-clonic (PGTC) seizures.

Method

All studies involved patients aged ≥12 years. Studies 304 (n=388) and 305 (n=386) evaluated perampanel 8 or 12 mg/day or placebo. Study 306 (n=706) evaluated perampanel 2, 4, or 8 mg/day or placebo. These studies had a 19-week double-blind phase (6-week titration; 13-week maintenance). Study 332 (n=164) evaluated perampanel up to 8 mg/day or placebo (17-week double-blind phase; 4-week titration, 13-week maintenance). Full Analysis Set (FAS) included patients who had SG or PGTC seizures and received perampanel 8 mg/day.

Results

FAS included 492 patients (mean age 31.7 years). Compared with placebo, perampanel conferred a greater median percent reduction in PGTC/SG seizure frequency per 28 days (−24.6% vs. −65.5%; p<0.0001), greater 50% responder rate (37.8% vs. 61.8%; p<0.0001) and higher rate of seizure freedom from PGTC/SG (12.6% vs. 26.9%). Compared with placebo, most common adverse events with perampanel were dizziness (5.9% vs. 28.6%), somnolence (5.9% vs. 13.4%), and headache (10.6% vs. 12.2%).

Conclusion

Perampanel reduced generalised tonic-clonic seizure frequency, whether primary or SG, and was well tolerated. Funded by Eisai Inc.
Serum Folate Concentration Corresponding to the Red Blood Cell Folate Threshold for Increased Risk of Neural Tube Defects Among Ethiopian Women of Reproductive Age

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe birth defects linked to insufficient maternal folate status during early pregnancy. Red blood cell (RBC) folate concentration is the recommended biomarker for predicting NTD risk, with a threshold of 748 nmol/L using the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) microbiological assay. However, in large surveys, serum folate concentration is often measured instead of RBC folate. This study aimed to (1) identify the serum folate concentration that corresponds to the RBC folate threshold for NTD risk using data from Ethiopian women of reproductive age (WRA); (2) evaluate the performance of the serum threshold for population‐level NTD risk assessment; and (3) compare the serum folate cutoff determined with the Ethiopian data versus the cutoff derived from a Southern Indian population. Biomarker data from 1570 Ethiopian nonpregnant, non‐lactating WRA who participated in the 2015 Ethiopian National Micronutrient Survey were analyzed. Serum and RBC folate concentrations were measured using the CDC microbiological assay. Serum folate cutoffs were identified using unadjusted and adjusted regression models and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Adjusted models included the following covariates: age, body mass index (BMI), serum vitamin B 12 concentration, presence of inflammation, region, and site of residence. Three serum folate cutoffs were identified: 15.3 nmol/L (unadjusted model), 15.2 nmol/L (adjusted model), and 17.9 nmol/L (ROC analysis). Regression‐based cutoffs balanced sensitivity (~76%) and specificity (~62%), while the ROC‐derived cutoff improved sensitivity (~83%) but reduced specificity (~50%). Ethiopian cutoffs showed fair discriminatory performance (~AUC:0.7) while the Indian cutoff (~AUC:0.6) showed poorer performance. Because of suboptimal NTD risk prediction using serum folate, future surveys should use RBC folate when possible. In situations where it is not possible to measure RBC folate, population‐specific serum folate cutoffs should be determined.
Safely discussing what cannot be said out loud

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The context: An online, doctoral course on contemporary Roman Catholic (hereafter RC) magisterial teachings on sexuality. Students, nearly all of whom were RC and employed professionally by that Church, worked in four different countries. The pedagogical purpose: My aims were multiple: to foster reflection on the Church's null curriculum, which consists of those ideas, topics, sources of wisdom, and perspectives on sexuality withheld from consideration and incorporation into moral argument; to force students to think critically about different sides of an argument, nurturing in them empathy for other viewpoints and the recognition of competing interests; and to create a safe space in which students can give voice to ideas which do not conform to prevailing cultural or ecclesial ideologies. Description of the strategy: It involved writing “in character” in various fictional scenarios. In a threaded discussion assignment, students were initially to pretend to represent the Vatican when articulating two traditional arguments against the recent U.S. Supreme Court ruling rendering same-sex marriage constitutional. Then, they were to “change hats,” and in response to one of their classmate's summation of the best of magisterial arguments, present the best of alternative insights, presently not incorporated in official RC teachings. For their final paper, students role-played again. In this scenario their local RC bishop asks each for his/her help identifying new issues he might bring to a Synod on the Family in Rome. In their “letter,” students were to identify topics that given their particular geographical context needed to receive different or expanded attention by Rome. Why it is effective: Challenging church teachings can be (mis)perceived as disloyal. One's stance toward official teachings about sexuality in several Catholic dioceses functions as a litmus test for one's “suitability” for church work, fueling fears among theological students about job security and future vocational prospects. The fictional nature of these oblique teaching tactics reduces such fears. It enables students to imaginatively try on arguments with little risk. It eases concerns about the confidentiality, especially of written work shared online. Assignments that invite attention to what has not yet received sufficient attention underscore the positive aspects of developing tradition, while at the same time revealing as perhaps not fully unwarranted current normative conclusions.
Enhancing epidemic management: agent-based simulation and remote diagnosis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this work is to analyze the spread of contagious diseases using a multi-agent simulation and a remote diagnostic system. The simulation is carried out using information on patients and the environment. The novelty of this work lies in proposing a new agent architecture that combines both independent and random behavior to better simulate individuals in the real world. We have proposed two communication methods between the agents either by a direct exchange of messages or by placing objects in a common space. The various simulations have enabled the prediction of the time required to transition from a normal state to a critical condition. A comparative study between the proposed diagnostic method and alternative techniques has demonstrated its superiority in accuracy.
Initial Rate of Absorption of Clay Brick Considering Both Bed Surfaces in the as Received Condition and After Outside Exposure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The initial rate of absorption test (suction) on a clay brick unit is generally conducted in the laboratory according to ASTM c-67. This test attempts to represent the effect of the unit on pulling water out of the mortar during assemblage construction. In ASTM C-15 committee work, two questions that have been raised are: 1) Is the IRA of a unit the same for both bed surfaces that will be in contact with mortar? 2) When as received units are exposed to typical Texas heat, is the IRA significantly affected? To address these questions a project was conducted at The University of Texas at Arlington. In addition data was requested and received from various U.S.A. brick manufacturerers. Analysis of this data provided answers to the above questions.
Temporal Autonomy in a Laboring Society

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to discuss which stance towards the allocation of labor and leisure would be defensible from the perspective of modern liberal political theory. There is a long tradition in philosophy defending an ideal of leisure, but this tradition has been rightly criticized for being too perfectionist. A liberal perspective seems more attractive in not dictating how much time people spend in labor or leisure, but leaving this choice to individuals. The question is whether this is possible. After scrutinizing the traditional philosophical defense of leisure I focus on Robert Goodin and his collaborators' recent proposal to think about labor and leisure in terms of “temporal autonomy”. I show that their concept is a great improvement over the older philosophical theories, both in its conceptualization of labor and leisure and in its ambition to leave labor/leisure choices to individuals. Nonetheless, it contains an important unresolved ambiguity about whether discretionary time maximization is a desirable end. Since the exercise of one's temporal autonomy can undercut the temporal autonomy of others in society, this leads to a dilemma. This dilemma can be resolved either in a libertarian or in a sufficientarian direction. I provide a cautious defense of the sufficientarian conception of temporal autonomy, because it accounts for the intuition in the older tradition of leisure that it is important not to be overwhelmed by the demands of labor, while also retaining the liberal emphasis on individual choice.