jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing and reconstructing core motivating beliefs about law without causing destruction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

My previous research into the predictors of wellbeing in a GDLP has generated data that reinforces the importance to wellbeing of constructing a legal education environment that supports students to feel motivated and well by supporting Self Determination Factors and enabling students to make progress towards their values. Since then, anecdotal examinations of the reasons 1st year law students have come into law and their observed cynicism about the legal professions ability to provide this suggests that there is a profound deconstruction of studentâs view of the potential for law to meet their values that occurs at a very early stage in their academic career and that this, if not managed appropriately, may account for some of the demotivation, lack of wellbeing and/or cynicism we observe in later stages of their academic career â possibly through a process of cognitive dissonance. This paper will provide an introductory exploration of this idea with a view to establishing discussion with the audience regarding whether this is an appropriate consideration in our attempts to improve the wellbeing of law students.
Beta-chemokines that inhibit HIV-1 infection of human macrophages stimulate uptake and promote destruction of Trypanosoma cruzi by human macrophages.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Recently beta-chemokines have been shown to inhibit HIV-1 infection of human macrophages. Here, we show that the beta-chemokines RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta enhance the uptake and cause intracellular destruction of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes by human macrophages obtained from healthy individuals. The trypanosome enhancing uptake and the trypanocidal effect induced by these beta-chemokines in human macrophages are abrogated by neutralizing antibodies to RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-beta, whereas irrelevant antibodies of the same class do not affect these parameters. These results indicate that the effects seen are beta-chemokine specific. Pretreatment of human macrophages with RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta induced strong tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins, suggesting that signal transduction events are involved in enhanced trypanosome uptake and parasite killing. Taken together these results suggest that the beta-chemokines RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta, might play a beneficial role in parasite clearance and destruction in individuals infected with T. cruzi. Alternatively, these three beta-chemokines may play a beneficial role in individuals concurrently infected with T. cruzi and HIV-1.
Gasoline Direct Injection - Three dimensional CFD study employing fluent V 4.25 / Sharum Md. Jilis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

After more than 15 years of research, the Mitsubishi GDI engine is a historic breakthrough. The new 4G93 GDI engine combines the outstanding performance of a petrol engine with the fuel economy of a diesel, while significantly reducing CO₂ emissions. In conventional engines, fuel and air are mixed outside the cylinder. This ensures waste between the mixing point and the cylinder, as well as imperfect injection timing. But in the Mitsubishi GDI engine, petrol is injected directly into the cylinder with precise timing, eliminating waste and inefficiency. My project title is Gasoline Direct Injection - Three Dimensional CFD Study Employing Fluent V 4.25. Features tested variation of flow and efficiency of combustion The gasolines direct injections are new technologies in fuelling consumption. In order to justify the truth or the myth of the GDI engine, a simulation had been conducted. Changing the geometry of the valves hopefully can create a better view in the improvement of the modem technologies in engine combustion. Similarly, the Z-wall (piston head) displacement was the moving plane with speed 13.91 m/s and 27.81 m/s. The temperature of the Z-wall is 423K and the W-wall 393K. The flow was model as turbulence and swirl. Relevant file names Command files, Log files, Geometry files, Grid files, Case files and Data files.
An aluminum hydroxide:CpG adjuvant enhances protection elicited by a SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain vaccine in aged mice.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Global deployment of vaccines that can provide protection across several age groups is still urgently needed to end the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Although vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 based on mRNA and adenoviral vector technologies have been rapidly developed, additional practical and scalable SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are required to meet global demand. Protein subunit vaccines formulated with appropriate adjuvants represent an approach to address this urgent need. The receptor binding domain (RBD) is a key target of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies but is poorly immunogenic. We therefore compared pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists alone or formulated with aluminum hydroxide (AH) and benchmarked them against AS01B and AS03-like emulsion-based adjuvants for their potential to enhance RBD immunogenicity in young and aged mice. We found that an AH and CpG adjuvant formulation (AH:CpG) produced an 80-fold increase in anti-RBD neutralizing antibody titers in both age groups relative to AH alone and protected aged mice from the SARS-CoV-2 challenge. The AH:CpG-adjuvanted RBD vaccine elicited neutralizing antibodies against both wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the B.1.351 (beta) variant at serum concentrations comparable to those induced by the licensed Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. AH:CpG induced similar cytokine and chemokine gene enrichment patterns in the draining lymph nodes of both young adult and aged mice and enhanced cytokine and chemokine production in human mononuclear cells of younger and older adults. These data support further development of AH:CpG-adjuvanted RBD as an affordable vaccine that may be effective across multiple age groups.
Amebic Choroidosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

In 1936 the French ophthalmologist, Toulant, wrote "L'amibiase oculaire existe-t-elle?"1His skepticism seems justified by the tremendous variety of ocular manifestations attributed to amebiasis in the literature. Basquis2in 1930 summarized 108 case reports of ocular amebiasis from the literature, only four of which exhibited choroidopathy. Varas Samaniego3reported the first successfully treated case of ocular amebiasis. Harris and Birch4attributed a case of bilateral granulomatous uveitis to amebiasis. Braley and Hamilton5defined a specific posterior polar choroidosis associated with amebiasis which responded to antiamebic therapy. Eggers8presented a case similar to those of Braley and Hamilton. During one year, we studied at the Wills Eye Hospital five cases that seem to represent amebic choroidosis. These cases of this potentially reversible cause of posterior polar retinal dysfunction are presented covering their clinical characteristics, diagnostic tests, therapeutic routine, and results.

Diagnostic Criteria

The diagnoses
Small molecule modulators of AMPK in hepatic metabolism and diabetes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Maintaining energy balance is central in managing body weight and blood glucose levels within a narrow range. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key energy-sensing enzyme that coordinates metabolic pathways in order to balance nutrient supply with energy demand. AMPK is considered an attractive drug target for metabolic disorders, as its activation elicits metabolic responses expected to counteract the metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. More than a decade ago, AMPK drew major attention when it was suggested as a key molecular target mediating the favorable metabolic effects of exercise and the anti-diabetic drug, metformin. Similar to the effect of exercise/contractions on myocytes, metformin mildly causes hepatocellular energy deficit (characterized by an increased AMP/ATP ratio) via inhibition of mitochondrial energy (ATP) production, which leads to enhanced fat oxidation to restore the cellular energy balance. Recent preclinical/genetic studies have confirmed that AMPK indeed plays a key role in metformin-induced improvements in insulin action by maintaining hepatic lipid homeostasis. In contrast, several lines of evidence suggest that the blood glucose-lowering effect of metformin, mediated through inhibition of hepatic glucose production (HGP), is AMPK independent. Interestingly, a well-known pharmacological AMPK activator called 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP mimetic, profoundly suppressed glucose output in hepatocytes genetically lacking AMPK, indicating AMP per se but not AMPK plays a vital role in suppressing HGP. Similarly, a close correlation between the magnitude of increase in AMP and inhibition of glucose output in hepatocytes was reported. Given that the anabolic process of gluconeogenesis is energetically costly, hepatocytes must balance this energy demand with production thereby maintaining energy homeostasis. We have recently generated a unique genetic preclinical model and tested the hypothesis that an AMP-dependent but AMPK-independent pathway plays an important role in controlling hepatic glucose production and hence blood glucose homeostasis. We also report the effects of small allosteric/direct activators of AMPK, that bind to recently identified ADaM (allosteric drug and metabolism) site, on hepatic lipid metabolism employing an AMPK mutant mouse model.
Conocimiento de los manipuladores de alimentos en el sector de los supermercados sobre higiene de los alimentos

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of food hygiene of food handlers in the supermarket sector in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We developed a checklist of issues related to: working time, participation in training on food safety aspects related to hygiene procedures with food and personal hygiene. The sample consisted of 345 handlers: they considered the following as absence of hygiene: not washing hands (85%) not keeping the food production area clean (17%) and not washing food adequately (15%). The main precautions to be taken during food handling in the opinion of the respondents were: hands washing before preparing food (73%) and gloves wearing (18%). The training of handlers is important for the perception of risks associated with food production.
Mislocalizations in saccadic and mask-induced suppression of displacement

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

'Saccadic suppression of displacement' (e.g., Deubel, Schneider, & Bridgeman, 1996) denotes a difficulty in discriminating small 'jumps' (displacements) of a visual target when these jumps occur during a saccadic eye movement. The effect is supposed to reflect some aspect of spatial updating across saccades. More specifically, it is assumed to result from the necessity to compare pre- to post-saccadic coordinates. Recently, we have reported a similar difficulty in a condition without saccades, when the jump was obscured by a full-screen pattern mask (Zimmermann, Born, Fink, & Cavanagh, 2014). We suggested that, rather than spatial updating, saccadic suppression of displacement may also primarily reflect the saccade's masking effect on the visual input stream. We further hypothesized that masking may cause an underestimation in the perceived size of the target jump. Here, instead of using the classic binary response mode ('leftward or rightward jump?'), participants were asked to precisely indicate the target's perceived starting position by mouse click. In accordance with a smaller perceived jump, the initial target position was systematically mislocalized towards the target's final position in both mask and saccade conditions. The systematic bias increased with larger target jumps, reminiscent of the phenomenon of saccadic or mask-induced compression of space (Ross, Morrone, & Burr, 1997; Zimmermann et al., 2014). In contrast, in a control condition without saccades or masks, small displacement sizes (< 1 deg) were slightly overestimated. Finally, when a short blank interval between the disappearance of the target at its initial position and its reappearance at the displaced position was introduced, no systematic mislocalizations occurred, suggesting that the effect depends on a critical time window for integration of spatial positions, again reminiscent of the saccadic compression window. These results are further evidence for a common mechanism underlying saccadic and mask-induced mislocalization and suppression effects. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2016
A QSAR study of macrocyclic diterpenes with P-gp inhibitory activity isolated from Euphorbia species

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A set of 50 compounds, constituted mainly by macrocyclic diterpenes of the jatrophane and lathyrane-type, isolated from Euphorbia species, was used in the present study. These compounds were found to be P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug-resistance (MDR) reversing agents in cancer cells. The reversal of MDR was investigated by flow cytometry, at two different concentrations, 4 and 40µg/mL, by measuring rhodamine-123 accumulation, a fluorescent substrate analogue of doxorubicin [1, 2]. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methodology was applied to the whole set of diterpenes and to the jatrophanes subset at both concentrations studied. We used multiple linear regression (MLR) with forward features (from five classes of molecular descriptors: constitutional, topological, geometrical, electrostatic and quantum-chemical) selection to establish QSAR models. The best model obtained, at 4µg/mL, for the diterpenes set was constructed using 4 descriptors with R2 of 0.80 for a training set of 40 compounds and R2 pred of 0.71 for a test set of 9 compounds. The best model obtained, at 4µg/mL, for jatrophanes subset was constructed using 5 descriptors with R2 of 0.82 for a training set of 28 compounds and R2 pred of 0.54 for a test set of 6 compounds. All models were statistically valid with high predictability, and in both models the descriptors used (logP and quantum descriptor related to resonance energy) can easily be translated into the design of novel diterpene derivatives with a forecasted improved P-gp inhibitory activity.
Cross Section of Solar Neutrino Capture by 76Ge Nuclei

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The results are presented from calculating capture cross section σ(Eν) of solar neutrinos by 76Ge nuclei. Experimental data on strength function S(E), obtained in the charge-exchange 76Ge(3He, t)76As reaction, are used in these calculations. The effect the resonance structure of strength function S(E) has on cross section σ(Eν) is examined. It is shown that the giant Gamow–Teller resonance alone makes a contribution of ~20%, and the contribution of lower-lying excitations in the continuous spectrum part is even larger. These contributions must be considered in calculations for background events in experiments on double beta decay of the GERDA (LEGEND) type.
The student-teacher relationship in a one-to-one technology classroom: a case study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This embedded case study explores the student-teacher relationship in a one-to-one technology environment. The actual change in relationship from the traditional classroom to a one-to-one classroom was examined. The author considered the perspective of four classroom teachers and 207 high school students at a suburban public high school in New Jersey. The case study research utilized teacher interviews, classroom observations, student surveys and a student focus group. The author uses the self-system theory of motivation, and the three characteristics of autonomy, relatedness and competency, as a theoretical framework. The research determined that there was a notable change in the relationship between teachers and students within the one-to-one environment. The change existed in the connectivity of the teachers and their students beyond the classroom and school. The researcher concluded that teachers and their students do have a positive relationship in a one-to-one environment and that relationship depends on the ability of the teachers to engage students using the one-to-one device. The researcher concluded that the one-to-one environment creates an autonomous learning environment for students, teachers and students, have a relatedness that extends beyond the traditional boundaries of a school, and a higher level of competency in both teachers and students creates a more engaging classroom. As one-to-one technology environments are becoming more popular across the country; this study will help to identify expected changes in the teacher/student relationship before issues occur.
Applications of Class-Conditional Conformal Predictor in Multi-class Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In many prediction problems, it is beneficial to obtain confidence estimates for the classification output. We consider the problem of estimating confidence sets in multiclass classification of real life datasets. Building on the theory of conformal predictors, we derive a class-conditional conformal predictor. This allows us to calibrate the confidence estimates in a class specific fashion, resulting in a more precise control of the prediction error rate for each class. We show that the class-conditional conformal predictor is asymptotically valid, and demonstrate that it indeed provides better calibration and efficiency on benchmark digit recognition datasets. In addition, we apply the class-conditional conformal predictor to a biological dataset for predicting localizations of proteins in order to demonstrate its performance in bioinformatics applications.
Determination of constitutive relation from miniature tensile test with digital image correlation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The determination of constitutive relation from the miniature tensile test is of high interest in multiple areas. Here, a convenient experimental method is proposed to determine the true stress–strain curve from the miniature tensile test. The instantaneous cross-sectional area is estimated by only one camera in aid of digital image correlation technique. This method was applied on commercial pure titanium and aluminum 6061 alloys, and the results indicate that the extracted true stress–strain curves are not scale-dependent. The derived mechanical properties from miniature specimens match well with the results of standard specimens. The correctness of the true stress–strain curve was evaluated by the finite element analysis method. The results suggest that the derived true stress–strain curve is capable to represent the constitutive behavior of the tested materials.
Jews and Jewishness in Post-war Hungary

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The emergence of a seemingly harmonic symbiosis between Hungarian majority and Jewish minority in 19th century Hungary was a unique phenomenon in a European country where the proportion of Jews was close to 5 percent of the total population, and about 20 percent of the capital city, Budapest. However, after the shocking experience of the persecution in 1944 it was to expect that the factor –unlimited readiness for assimilation in the belief of the unlimited readiness of the majority for accepting it- that made the uniqueness of the Hungarian Jewry will cease to exist. Since quite a large group of the Hungarian Jews survived the Shoah it was not purely a theoretical question that what sort of identity strategies would emerge among the Jewish population of the country. How did the Jews react to the dramatic political changes that occurred in the decades following the Shoah, what kind of identity strategies they developed in the search for their place in the post-war Hungarian society? After a historical introduction the article discusses the changing socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the post-war Hungarian Jews, Jewish politics in the decades of communist rule and finally the identity problems emerged in the post-war decades.
Evaluating Canadian Bank Branch Operational Efficiency from Staff Allocation: A DEA Approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We examine the operational efficiency of one of the large Canadian banks' branches, which is primarily affected byits strategy of allocating staff and the service quality provided to customers. Two Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)models are proposed in this research: (1) a staff allocation evaluation model pertinent to employee numbers andtransaction volumes, and (2) a customer satisfaction benchmark model to check if the staff allocation scheme meetsthe expectations of the bank's management. Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) and Variable Returns to Scale (VRS)model results for different branch sizes and geographical regions are presented for analysis. The findings arecompared to the bank's current models, validating the use of the proposed DEA models for evaluating operationalefficiency from a staff allocation viewpoint in the banking industry. One of the interesting aspects of this work is thatthe requirement for best practice is not full efficiency but something less. The rationale is that if staff is pushed to thelimit, they break and leave – the costs of training and integrating new staff is very high and service levels suffer.
The Asset Management Industry in Asia: Dynamics of Growth, Structure, and Performance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We examine the industrial organization and institutional development of the asset management industry in Asian developing economies—specifically in China, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, and Thailand. We focus on the size and growth of the buy‐side of the respective financial markets, asset allocation, the regulatory environment, and the state of internationalization of the fund management industry in its key components—mutual funds, pension funds, and asset management for high net worth individuals. We link the evolution of professional asset management in these environments to the development of the respective capital markets and to the evolution of corporate governance. We find that the fund management industry occupies a very small niche in domestic financial systems that are dominated by banks. At the same time, we find that its growth has been very rapid in the early 2000s and we suggest that this is likely to persist as the demand for professional management of financial wealth in the region develops and as the pension fund sectors of the respective economies are liberalized to allow larger portions of assets to be invested in collective investment schemes.