jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determinants of farm livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Yayu biosphere reserve, SW Ethiopia: a gender disaggregated analysis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Improving food security has remained to be one of the major challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa, where Ethiopia is not an exception. As a result of poor productivity of the farming sector, smallholder farmers in Ethiopia have been strained to have a precarious livelihood. This study aims at analyzing the determinants of farm livelihood of smallholder farmers particularly in the context of Yayu biosphere reserve, where farmers are legally prohibited from expanding farmland and wild animals often intrude into the farmers' field. A household survey was conducted to collect gender disaggregated data from 334 smallholder farmers supported by focus group discussions and key informant interviews. T-test mean comparison was made to compare socio-economic and household characteristics between male and female-headed households. Tobit regression analysis was also employed to capture the probability and extent of determinant variables in predicting the engagement of households in farm livelihoods. The result shows that augmented production factors, particularly farm physical capital and land along with access to credit, yield enhancing inputs and local labor support systems were found to significantly increase the intensity of engagement in farming both in male and female-headed households. Encroachment of wild animals to the farmers' field brought insignificant effects on farm livelihoods. However, it brought additional burdens on farmers as they are expected to patrol their fields regularly. The findings implied that farm livelihood is highly dependent on ownership and efficient use of scarce production factors. These call for sustainable and integrated approaches to improve the future productivity of smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia.
VERTEBRAL ANATOMIC VARIATIONS IN THOROUGHBRED RACEHORSES IN TRINIDAD

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The occurrence of lumbar vertebrae variants in horses in Trinidad is rarely reported.Parts of the skeletons of two horses of unknown age and sex that died in a horse farm in Trinidad and Tobago were brought to the Anatomy Laboratory.It was reported that specimens of fused left transverse processes of the 5th, and 6th lumbar vertebrae and a blunted left transverse process of the 6th lumbar vertebra in thoroughbred racehorses in Trinidad.It may be the first report of its kind in Trinidad and Tobago.
The Effect of Fluorine and Hydrogen Concentrations on the Chain Reaction of HF Chemical Laser

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A numerical investigation has been performed to examine the effect of fluorine concentration on the chain reaction mechanisms and parameters of hydrogen fluoride (HF) chemical laser. The practical difficulties associated with this type of lasers impose that an alternative route might be quite useful. Thus, particular attention was paid to develop a computer program to investigate various processes. The results of this computer simulation program proved their credibility when compared with the little published data. This computer program is called Reaction Rate Simulation Model (RRSM). An entirely new approach to emulate the reaction mechanisms has been followed. The effectiveness of reaction rates in the processes of HF laser production has been investigated. This simulation program dealt with the percentages of the forward and reverse reactions, when a large number of reactions have been considered. In addition a large number of species have been taken into account in these reactions. From the computer program (RRSM), some valuable results could be predicted with regard to the hydrogen fluoride chemical laser.
The formation of a plasma channel in the optical breakdown of a gas by tubular Bessel beams

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma formed by the breakdown of gases (argon was used in the experiments, whereas argon and helium were considered in the calculations) at atmospheric pressure in light beams was studied experimentally and modelled numerically. The field amplitude in these beams was virtually constant in the direction of propagation and described by a high-order Bessel function in the radial direction. The initial stage in the evolution of a spark, when the tubular configuration of the heating-radiation caustic exerts the greatest influence on the characteristics of the plasma channel, was investigated.
Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of CS-526 in Cynomolgus Monkeys

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the novel acid pump antagonist 7-(4-fluorobenzyloxy)-2,3-dimethyl-1-{[(1S,2S)-2-methylcyclopropyl]methyl}-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazine (CS-526) on the intragastric acidity of cynomolgus monkeys. The study was performed in a crossover manner with five male animals. CS-526 was administered orally or intravenously at doses of 3.0, 10 and 30 mg/kg, or 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg, respectively. The time period in which the intragastric pH was 4.0 or more (Time(pH > or = 4.0)) and the median pH were calculated for 24 h after the administration. The intragastric pH was elevated after CS-526 treatment. The Time(pH > or = 4.0) was increased in a dose-dependent manner (p = 0.0292) in the oral administration, and the median pH was also increased in a dose-dependent fashion (p = 0.0491) in the intravenous administration. The plasma concentration of CS-526 and its metabolite R-130185 was increased after oral and intravenous administration of CS-526, except for one animal which did not show any detectable amount of R-130185 after intravenous administration at the lowest dose. The area under the time-concentration curve of the active component was increased in the dose proportional manner after oral and intravenous administration. The absolute bioavailability of the active component was estimated to be approximately 1%. Correlation between the pharmacodynamic parameters and the pharmacokinetic parameters was observed in oral (p = 0.0029-0.0745), but not in intravenous administration (p = 0.0558-0.2789). In conclusion, oral and intravenous administration of CS-526 showed inhibition on gastric acidity in cynomolgus monkeys using intragastric pH-metry and some pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were well correlated.
Expected Classification Error of the Euclidean Linear Classifier under Sudden Concept Drift

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We look at binary online classification in the light of sudden concept drift (data exhibits non-stationarity). The accuracy of the classifier trained on a mixture of old and new data is compared to the accuracy of the classifier trained only on new data, assuming known point of concept drift. We employ a simplified model of concept drift and derive theoretical generalization error for the Euclidean linear classifier. Right after concept drift the retrained classifier is more accurate than the new classifier, especially in cases when the data is complex (high dimensionality, low separability). The new classifier should be preferred when the extent of drift is very large.
Activation of ERK1/2 in spinal cord contributes to the development of acute cystic pain in rabbits.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the role of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in spinal cord in the development of cystic pain in rabbit. Methods We observed the relationship between the activation of ERK1/2 in spinal cord and nociceptive behaviors, as well as the effect of U0126, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK, upstream protein of ERK1/2) inhibitor, on cystic pain in rabbits by behavioral test, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Results After injecting 0.5 ml formalin into gallbladder, the behaviors such as grasping of the cheek and licking of the abdomen increased in 30 min, with a significant increase in pERK1/2 expression in the spinal cord, as well as the pERK1/2 immunoreactive cells located in laminae V-VII and X of the dorsal horn and ventral horn of T6 spinal cord. Administration of U0126 (100 - 400 mu g/kg body weight, i.v., 10 min before instillation of formalin) could attenuated nociceptive behaviors dose-dependently, but could not restrain the nociceptive behaviors completely even at the maximal efficient dose of 400 mu g/kg body weight. Conclusion Activated ERK1/2 in the spinal cord at least partly participates in the development of acute inflammatory cystic pain induced by formalin in rabbits.
PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION OF HYDROGEN BROMIDE WITH OLEFINS AT LOW TEMPERATURE

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION OF HYDROGEN BROMIDE WITH OLEFINS AT LOW TEMPERATUREM. C. R. SymonsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1963, 67, 7, 1566–1567Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100801a509https://doi.org/10.1021/j100801a509research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
INCREASED PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF CROSSLINKED FIBRIN POLYMERS IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thrombin cleaves fibrinopeptides from fibrinogen, converting it to fibrin monomer, and activates factor XIII which catalyzes the formation of intermolecular e-(y-glutamyl)-lysine bonds to stabilize the fibrin polymer. The formation of factor XIIIa-catalyzed fibrin polymers during clotting of plasma and purified fibrinogen in vitro was followed using an SDS agarose gel electrophoretic technique with radiolabeled antifibrinogen antibody overlay. Prior to clot formation an increase in both total amount and sizes of crosslinked fibrin polymers was demonstrated with at least 10 distinct polymeric forms identifiable by a time corresponding to .92 of the clotting time. Soluble polymers were shown to be crosslinked through y dimer formation by two dimensional electrophoresis with proportionately more dimer in each successively larger polymer. Plasma from patients initially presenting with acute myocardial infarction (MI) showed increases in the plasma concentration of fibrin polymer and in the proportion of total fibrinogen present as polymer, as determined by a quantitative adaptation of the electrophoretic technique. The plasma concentration of crosslinked fibrin dimer in patients with subendocardial or transmural MI showed significant (p <.005) increases to 4.0 ± 1.0% and 3.6 ± .8%, respectively, as compared to the concentration in normal plasma (.8 ± .1%). No difference in plasma concentration of fibrin polymer was found in samples from patients with transmural compared to subendocardial MI. This study provides the first direct demonstration and quantitation of factor XIIIa crosslinked fibrin polymers in thrombotic disease and the findings are indicative of increased activity of both thrombin and factor XIIIa in acute MI.
Qualitative Study On The Perceived Barriers Of A Physical Activity Program In Toddlers: Classroom Teacher Perspective

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Toddler children (18 months-2.8 years) spend a significant portion of their day at childcare settings, where they spend most of their time engaged in sedentary activity. Toddler classroom teachers have a considerable influence on toddlers’ physical activity (PA) levels. Due to the toddler classroom environment, teachers may encounter unique age and ability related barriers to the implementation of PA programs. PURPOSE: The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine the perceived barriers that toddler classroom teachers may face in implementing PA programs to toddlers. METHODS: Toddler classroom teachers from 3 environmentally matched childcare centers from the Springfield MA area participated in this qualitative study. Focus group meetings (n=3) were conducted separately at each center. At each meeting, a semi-structured focus group format and questionnaire were used to guide the sessions. All focus groups were audio-recorded and later transcribed by a primary, secondary, and tertiary trained researchers. Researchers used open coding to identify themes. Representative quotes were selected for each theme to demonstrate saturation of ideas. RESULTS: A total of 15 teachers participated in this study (age = 38.4 ± 12.5; BMI (self-reported) = 26.1 ± 4.3 kg/m2). Teachers had an average of 9.5 ± 8.7 years of experience as toddler classroom teachers (ranging between 1 to 28 years). Teachers perceived barriers to PA were categorized into 3 main themes. The three main themes were 1) essential childcare needs (e.g., regular diaper changes of the toddlers, child supervision), 2) wide variation in cognitive and motor skill abilities of toddlers (e.g., differences in children that just learned to walk versus those that have been walking for an extended period, short attention span) and 3) limited resources and physical space (e.g., limited activity options, small classroom design to hold 9 toddlers). CONCLUSION: This qualitative study provides preliminary evidence that classroom teachers face unique perceived barriers in implementing PA to toddlers. Future research should examine how these perceived barriers can be incorporated into the design and implementation of PA programs designed for toddlers within the childcare center.
Phosphorylation of the JAK2- STAT5 pathway in response to acute aerobic exercise in young, healthy males.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Growth hormone (GH) is a powerful stimulator of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) pathway. Acute exercise is a known stimulus for GH secretion.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the phosphorylation of the JAK2-STAT5 pathway in human skeletal muscle in response to acute aerobic exercise.
Methods: Eleven young (22.5 ± 0.6, mean ± SE), healthy, aerobically trained males performed 30 min of cycling at 70% V·O2max. Blood samples were collected at 10- to 15-min intervals and analyzed for human GH, immunofunctional (IF) GH, GH binding protein, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before exercise, immediately after exercise, as well as, 30 and 60 min postexercise. Muscle samples were analyzed for changes in JAK2 and STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation, as well as changes in JAK2 and STAT5 protein content.
Results: Multivariate ANOVA with post hoc comparisons demonstrated that GH and IF GH were significantly elevated immediately after exercise compared with preexercise (P < 0.001). Exercise significantly increased the phosphorylation of JAK2 immediately after exercise (P = 0.004). A trend toward increasing levels of STAT5 phosphorylation was observed immediately after exercise (P = 0.08) and was significantly elevated 30 min after exercise (P = 0.002), compared with preexercise levels. Muscle JAK2 and STAT5 protein content did not change.
Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the JAK2-STAT5 pathway is activated in response to acute aerobic exercise in human skeletal muscle and suggests that the exercise-induced release of GH may play a role in the activation of this pathway.
Germination base temperature and relative growth rate of 13 weed species - comparing populations from two geographical origins

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two experiments were conducted to test parameter validity of a simulation model under North German conditions. At the moment, the model is stocked with life cycle parameters of 25 annual weed species. These were obtained from experiments in the region Burgundy and from literature. Such parameters may vary strongly between geographical regions. Base temperature for germination was studied in one experiment for North German seeds of ten species. Mostly, base temperatures were between 1.5 and 2.7 °C higher than the parameters from French experiments. The second experiment, on Relative growth rate of 19 species, yielded similar values for most species in French and German seed populations. In respect to using the model for simulations under North German conditions, adaptations should be undertaken for the germination base temperature. Growth rates can be kept unchanged, but for some species it needs to be clarified whether differences between parameters can be explained through seasonal variations in seed collection or experiment.
Istoriia Odnoi Kapituliatsii (Kak Frantsiia Byla Vydana Gitleru) [The History of a Capitulation (How France Was Betrayed to Hitler)]. By L. P. Lavrov. (Moscow: Izdatel'stvo “Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniia.” 1964. Pp. 335.) and Sovetsko-Frantsuzskie Otnosheniia (1924–1945 GG.) [Soviet-French Relations (1924–1945)]. By Iu. V. Borisov. (Moscow: Izdatel'stvo “Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniia.” 1964. Pp. 550.)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Istoriia Odnoi Kapituliatsii (Kak Frantsiia Byla Vydana Gitleru) [The History of a Capitulation (How France Was Betrayed to Hitler)]. By L. P. Lavrov. (Moscow: Izdatel'stvo “Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniia.” 1964. Pp. 335.) and Sovetsko-Frantsuzskie Otnosheniia (1924–1945 GG.) [Soviet-French Relations (1924–1945)]. By Iu. V. Borisov. (Moscow: Izdatel'stvo “Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniia.” 1964. Pp. 550.) Get access Istoriia Odnoi Kapituliatsii (Kak Frantsiia Byla Vydana Gitleru) [The History of a Capitulation (How France Was Betrayed to Hitler)]. By Lavrov L. P.. (Moscow: Izdatel'stvo “Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniia.” 1964. Pp. 335.) Sovetsko-Frantsuzskie Otnosheniia (1924–1945 GG.) [Soviet-French Relations (1924–1945)]. By Borisov Iu. V.. (Moscow: Izdatel'stvo “Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniia.” 1964. Pp. 550.) Robert F. Byrnes Robert F. Byrnes Indiana University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 73, Issue 3, February 1968, Page 803, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/73.3.803 Published: 01 February 1968
A Research on the Mechanism of Multilevel Psychological Capital on Innovative Performance of Knowledge Workers:A Moderated Mediation Model Based on Team Social Capital

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper builds multilevel mediation model and multilevel moderated mediation model to analyze the mechanism of psychological capital on innovative performance according to 93 team leaders and 776 knowledge workers' questionnaire in 116 knowledge innovation teams.The multilevel results show that individual psychological capital and team psychological capital have significantly positive influence on innovative performance of knowledge workers.Psychological contract fully mediates the influence of individual psychological capital on innovative performance,which dose not play an intermediary role between team psychological capital and innovative performance.
Learning-Enabled NoC Design for Heterogeneous Manycore Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As systems grow in specialization (e.g., domain specific architectures), we need the tools to handle the growing design space from increased heterogeneity and system sizes. In this paper, we investigate the specific challenges posed by heterogeneous systems on the NoC in two separate contexts: wireless- and 3D-enabled, formulate each as a separate multiobjective optimization problem, and present a machine learning based design space exploration technique, MOO-STAGE, to intelligently explore this growing design space.
Pembentukkan Nilai Ketawadhu’an Santri Melalui Penyebaran Stiker UW

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research describes the implementation of stickers distribution in forming students' humble at al Urwatul Wutsqo Islamic Boarding School, Jombang. This research is qualitative research, data collected through interviews, observation and documentation. The data then analyzed by Miles and Huberman model such as, reduction, display and verification data. The results of this study are the distribution of stickers is carried out at least twice a year, during semester holidays and the boarder orders from, the distribution of stickers to maintain the existence of the Islamic boarding school, inviting others to look for knowledge at al Urwatul Wutsqo Islamic boarding school, for boarding, studying, training students to be better humble either to Allah, to religion, to prophet to theologian, and to their peers. The students are also given guidance in distributing stickers, as a means of practicing the prophet nature in seeking people and spreading the religion of Allah. The technic of distribution are the students have stickers and all schools destination data that will be given. Then, the students come to the school to see the principal or representative to get out recommendations; the next, students distribute the stickers.
The structure of human resources in schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Para comprender mejor la naturaleza de la estructuración de los recursos humanos en los centros educativos, el autor comenta distintos conceptos de la organización educativa en relación con las estructuras. Además, demuestra la relación entre la toma de decisiones y las estructuras, refiriéndose a distintos sistemas de dirección, y los resultados de la investigación realizada en torno al tema. En la segunda parte del escrito, propone una clasificación de estructuras que puede facilitar su análisis y su conocimiento. En este sentido, destaca, las estructuras funcionales, por niveles, autocráticas y colegiadas. Asimismo, comenta la representatividad como sistema para la creación de estructuras políticas en organizaciones educativas.
Trauma Center Status and In-House Staffing Does Not Affect Outcomes in Low-Risk Emergency General Surgery Conditions: A Case-Matched Comparison

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Baimas-George, Maria MD MPH; Paton, Beverley L MD, FACS; Yang, Hongmei PhD; Cochran, Allyson MSPH; Reinke, Caroline E MD, FACS; Barbat, Selwan D MD; Matthews, Brent Duane MD, FACS; Schiffern, Lynnette Marie MD, FACS Author Information