jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
No buzz for bees: Media coverage of pollinator decline

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although widespread declines in insect biomass and diversity are increasing concerns within the scientific community, it remains unclear whether attention to pollinator declines has also increased within information sources serving the general public. Examining patterns of journalistic attention to the pollinator population crisis can also inform efforts to raise awareness about the importance of declines of insect species providing ecosystem services beyond pollination. We used the Global News Index developed by the Cline Center for Advanced Social Research at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign to track news attention to pollinator topics in nearly 25 million news items published by two American national newspapers and four international wire services over the past four decades. We found vanishingly low levels of attention to pollinator population topics relative to coverage of climate change, which we use as a comparison topic. In the most recent subset of ∼10 million stories published from 2007 to 2019, 1.39% (137,086 stories) refer to climate change/global warming while only 0.02% (1,780) refer to pollinator populations in all contexts, and just 0.007% (679) refer to pollinator declines. Substantial increases in news attention were detectable only in US national newspapers. We also find that, while climate change stories appear primarily in newspaper “front sections,” pollinator population stories remain largely marginalized in “science” and “back section” reports. At the same time, news reports about pollinator populations increasingly link the issue to climate change, which might ultimately help raise public awareness to effect needed policy changes.
Maternal Mortality Ratio and Mal-Nutrition among Women in Rural Communities of Hyderabad Division; A Sociological Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was one of priority goal among millennium development goals of United Nations till 2015. Which is again considered as a priority goal among sustainable development goals set by United Nations which are supposed to be achieved until 2030. As per these goals MMR should be minimized at the level of 71 deaths among 100,000 live births during a specific time period. However, Sindh government couldn’t achieve the target of 2015, instead of running Mother New born and Child Health (MNCH) program at grass-roots level. Though government has appointing number of lady health visitors and workers but still there is need of more to cover all population of rural areas. It was found during study that available maternal health workers in rural areas are not enough in number and quality to reduce maternal mortality ratio. Majority of women are declared with nutritional deficiencies by local maternal health workers. Ratio of maternal mortalities due to malnutrition is always higher as also reported in other research studies. This study aims to find out the sociological barriers to reduce maternal mortality ratio in rural areas, such as, issue of malnutrition among women. Study has taken into account key socio-cultural factor/ variable effecting on maternal mortality. For that purpose, mixed methods of data collection were used, for quantitative data 385 in depth interviews were conducted with mothers and 45 key informant interviews were conducted with maternal health workers, in different rural areas of Hyderabad division. For qualitative data structured observations were conducted with three women from three different topographic areas of Sindh (Coastal belt, dry hilly area, barrage area).
Proton Pump Inhibitor-Responsive Oesophageal Eosinophilia: An Entity Challenging Current Diagnostic Criteria for Eosinophilic Oesophagitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Consensus diagnostic recommendations to distinguish gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) from eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) by response to a trial of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) unexpectedly uncovered an entity called “PPI-responsive oesophageal eosinophilia” (PPI-REE). PPI-REE refers to patients with clinical and histologic features of EoE that remit with PPI treatment. Recent and evolving evidence, mostly from adults, shows that PPI-REE and EoE patients at baseline are clinically, endoscopically and histologically indistinguishable, and have significant overlap in terms of features of Th2 immune-mediated inflammation and gene expression. Furthermore, PPI therapy restores oesophageal mucosal integrity, reduces Th2 inflammation and reverses the abnormal gene expression signature in PPI-REE patients, similar to the effects of topical steroids in EoE patients. Additionally, recent series have reported that EoE patients responsive to diet/topical steroids may also achieve remission on PPI therapy. This mounting evidence supports the concept that PPI-REE represents a continuum of the same immunologic mechanisms that underlie EoE. Accordingly, it seems counterintuitive to differentiate PPI-REE from EoE based on a differential response to PPI therapy when their phenotypic, molecular, mechanistic, and therapeutic features cannot be reliably distinguished. For patients with symptoms and histologic features of EoE, it is reasonable to consider PPI therapy not as a diagnostic test, but as a therapeutic agent. Due to its safety profile, ease of administration and high response rates (up to 50%), PPI can be considered a first-line treatment, before diet and topical steroids. The reasons why some EoE patients respond to PPI, while others do not, remain to be elucidated.
Introduction and Commentary

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In the spring of 1999, two of this book's editors, Kramer and I, met for lunch at the Sheraton Hotel in Chicago. Kramer was on the faculty of the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University and I was on the faculty of the Kellogg School at Northwestern University. One of the topics that we talked about during lunch was the shift in emphasis in both business schools away from cooperation, trust, communication, coordination, and the like, to the related but distinct topic of leadership. Kramer and I were social psychologists and knew that the topic of leadership had been an important theme in some of the earliest research on group processes. However, as social psychology experienced an infatuation with the "cognitive" revolution in psychology, the topic of leadership shrank into obscurity. By the turn of the millennium, though, there were some new ways of thinking about leadership that had not been introduced to the business school environment. Why not, we thought, have a conference and invite some of social psychology's most creative innovators to a conference to discuss these new approaches to leadership and then publish a book based on the talks? The conference was held in August of 2000 at the Kellogg School of Management, and the book based on this conference, The Psychology of Leadership, was published in 2005. Two of the creative innovators who were invited to the conference and who wrote chapters for the book are the other two editors of the current book, Allison and Goethals.KeywordsStereotype ThreatHead CoachHome GameTask LeadershipCurrent BookThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Changes in neurosyphilis presentation: a survey on 286 patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Although neurosyphilis ( NS ) keeps plaguing worldwide, often with oligosymptomatic and atypical manifestations, the most recent reports fail to provide useful information, like details of the clinical history and even of the previous early therapy. We conducted a survey of the literature of the last 5 years on the clinical presentation of NS , recording the aforementioned inaccuracies. One hundred and thirty‐seven articles were collected, reporting on 286 patients. General paresis was the commonest form (49%), often manifesting with cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms. Syphilitic meningitis was found in 63 patients (22%), mainly with ocular or auditory involvement. Meningovascular and tabetic form were both found in 12% of cases. Gummatous and epileptic manifestations were rare. Perusal of the literature confirms that NS prevalence is increasing, often with manifestations that are atypical for timing and type of lesions. Unfortunately, many articles are lacking of critical information, like an accurate clinical history and timing of the therapy making difficult to assess the effectiveness of penicillin in preventing NS .
Use of Irrigation in Selection for Soybean Yield Potential under Drought

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The impact of selection in irrigated environments on improving seed yield in drought environments has not been extensively researched in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Our objectives were to evaluate cultivar × irrigation interaction, its impact on selection for yield in drought environments, and drought tolerance in soybean: drought tolerance being defined as better relative yield ranking in drought environments than in nondrought environments. Seven data sets were obtained from Arkansas trials of Maturity Group V cultivars. Each contained data from irrigated and nonirrigated trials from one location from two consecutive years with drought. Significance of genotype × irrigation interaction was determined for each set along with heritability of yield in both irrigation treatments and the genetic correlations of irrigated and nonirrigated yield from one year with nonirrigated yield in the other year. Rank correlations and crossover interactions between irrigation treatments were analyzed. The effect of selection in both irrigation treatments on yield in drought environments was simulated. Genotype × irrigation interaction was significant in six data sets. Entry‐mean heritability was higher in the irrigated trials (0.74) than in nonirrigated trials (0.37). Rank changes between irrigated and nonirrigated treatments rarely consisted of large yield differences. The genetic correlations of yield from irrigated and nonirrigated trials from one year with yield from nonirrigated trials in another year were nearly equal. The results indicated that selection from irrigated trials would improve yield in drought environments better than selection from nonirrigated trials. Drought tolerant reactions occurred in only 16% of the two‐cultivar comparisons. while several cultivars appeared tolerant, their yield in drought environments was not superior to several less tolerant cultivars. Nonirrigated trials may be useful in identifying a few unadapted cultivars.
New Advances on Porphyry Copper and Gold Deposits

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Worldwide, porphyry copper and gold deposits occur in orogenic belt, and many are related to subductiongenerated plutonism and volcanism at plate margins Studies show that more than half the world's goldreserves and 80% of the world's copper reserves were in porphyry deposits Today, exploration for coppergold porphyries is in high gear This paper attempts to make a summary of the major progresses on theoretical studies and exploration of the porphyry copper and gold deposits The definition of the term“porphyry deposit”will be considered first, then classification The distribution, ages, geological setting, related intrusive rocks and deposit features will be described The genesis and exploration criteria will also be discussed
Tapentadol Prolonged Release Reduces the Severe Chronic Ischaemic Pain and Improves the Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study has been performed in diabetic type 2 patients with pain due to peripheral artery disease (PAD) in order to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of tapentadol prolonged release (PR). Methods . 25 patients with type 2 diabetes (13 F and 12 M) were admitted in the study. The evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of tapentadol PR was based on both the assessment of the intensity of the pain (NRS scale from 0 to 10) and the nature of the pain (DN4 questionnaire) and on assessment of the patient’s quality of life and state of health (SF-12 Health Survey). Study duration was 3 months: a baseline visit and follow-up included visits after 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months. Results . At the beginning of the study, the mean intensity of the pain was 7.88 ± 1.17 on the NRS scale and at visit 2 it reduced in a statistically significant way; at the end of the treatment with tapentadol PR, the mean intensity was 2.84 points on the NRS scale. Conclusion . In type 2 diabetic patients with chronic severe pain due to PAD, tapentadol PR reduced pain intensity, improving the quality of life.
DynamicControl: Adaptive Condition Selection for Improved Text-to-Image Generation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To enhance the controllability of text-to-image diffusion models, current ControlNet-like models have explored various control signals to dictate image attributes. However, existing methods either handle conditions inefficiently or use a fixed number of conditions, which does not fully address the complexity of multiple conditions and their potential conflicts. This underscores the need for innovative approaches to manage multiple conditions effectively for more reliable and detailed image synthesis. To address this issue, we propose a novel framework, DynamicControl, which supports dynamic combinations of diverse control signals, allowing adaptive selection of different numbers and types of conditions. Our approach begins with a double-cycle controller that generates an initial real score sorting for all input conditions by leveraging pre-trained conditional generation models and discriminative models. This controller evaluates the similarity between extracted conditions and input conditions, as well as the pixel-level similarity with the source image. Then, we integrate a Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) to build an efficient condition evaluator. This evaluator optimizes the ordering of conditions based on the double-cycle controller's score ranking. Our method jointly optimizes MLLMs and diffusion models, utilizing MLLMs' reasoning capabilities to facilitate multi-condition text-to-image (T2I) tasks. The final sorted conditions are fed into a parallel multi-control adapter, which learns feature maps from dynamic visual conditions and integrates them to modulate ControlNet, thereby enhancing control over generated images. Through both quantitative and qualitative comparisons, DynamicControl demonstrates its superiority over existing methods in terms of controllability, generation quality and composability under various conditional controls.
The Comparative Heat Stability of Bovine β-Lactoglobulin in Buffer and Complex Media

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The heat stability of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) is usually described with reference to a concentration-dependent pseudo-rate constant k. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the irreversible denaturation of β-lg, in a whey protein mixture dissolved in Tris-HCl buffer, were examined over a wide temperature range 75–120°C and for degrees of denaturation [(Co-Ct)/Co] up to about 90%. The first-order kinetic model best described β-lg denaturation over the temperature range 75–85°C, whereas the second-order model applies in the range 90–120°C. A comparison between β-lg thermostability in buffer and literature data pertaining to more complex heating media (whey and milk), over the range 75–120°C, was carried out on the basis of changes in activation free energy (ΔG#), which itself takes into account changes in both activation enthalpy (ΔH#) and activation entropy (ΔS#). It was found that the thermal stability of β-lg in different media, and irrespective of the kinetic model assumed in the present study, can be ranked: buffer ≪ whey>milk for the temperature range 75–85°C. On the contrary, at the higher temperature range, 90–120°C, the ranking is buffer
Pyoderma gangrenosum in myelodysplasia and acute leukaemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare occurrence in patients with haematological malignancy. This characteristic but nonspecific inflammatory process with skin destruction occurred in 4 patients with myelodysplasia, in one with acute leukaemic transformation of myelofibrosis, and in de novo acute myeloblastic leukaemia in another. Clinically, the cutaneous lesion in these patients differed from that associated with inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, or the idiopathic type of pyoderma gangrenosum by having the vesiculo-bullous borders. Histopathological differences were also evident since more superficial layers of the skin were involved in the ulceration than typically encountered in patients with non-malignant systemic disease. Despite the less penetrating nature of this variant, treatment of the pyoderma gangrenosum is unsatisfactory and in the absence of effective therapy for the underlying disease, healing occurred only in the patient with acute leukaemia who achieved complete remission in response to chemotherapy.
India seeks to pay extra to attract doctors into villages, but health workers are sceptical

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Indian government plans to increase its budget for rural healthcare services by 16% this year and has promised doctors extra pay to work in remote rural areas. But experts in public health have cautioned that attracting doctors into India’s remote and underserved villages will take more than just money.

The health ministry announced last week that it would make available funds for “significantly higher monetary incentives” for doctors who accept positions in primary healthcare centres in the “most difficult and inaccessible areas.”

Health officials have said the increase in pay for doctors would depend on the location, with salaries rising with the toughness of the area. At some …
Population toxicokinetics of ethylene - Calibration and preceding investigations

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A basic step in the risk assessment of potential carcinogens is the determination of toxicokinetic parameters. The present approach is part of a strategy to determine the processes of uptake, elimination, and metabolism of the gas ethylene, an important industrial chemical, which is classified in category 3 of carcinogenic substances in the German list of MAK- and BAT-values. This paper deals with the calibration, which is indispensable to determine the decline of atmospheric concentrations of ethylene within a broad range of initial concentrations applied in an inhalation experiment.
Development of Audio Video Describer using narration to visualize movie film for blind and visually impaired children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

For the blind and visually impaired children, they are having limited ways for interactive learning and this is one of the challenges for acquiring knowledge and skills for independent living. There are some approaches that could be used to make the learning more enjoyable and interactive. In increasing the accessibility to the learning opportunity for the blind and visually impaired children, an experimental model of Audio Video Describer (AVD) is believed to assist them to experience movie film. By developing the AVD using narration, this paper presents the findings from a preliminary analysis of using an experimental model which was tested to 20 normal sighted students to evaluate the effectiveness of the experimental model that later will be tested to the blind and visually impaired children. In this initial study, a survey was conducted to understand the effectiveness of the AVD. The key findings from the analysis are the suitability of language, voice, pitch and timing used for the audio description and also the potential that AVD can assist the blind and visually impaired children to experience and enjoy movie film. With the use of AVD, it will eventually results in minimal help from the normal people to describe the movie for them.
Exploiting Sparsity in the Matrix-Dilation Approach to Robust Semidefinite Programming

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A computationally improved approach is proposed for a robust semidefinite programming problem whose constraint is polynomially dependent on uncertain parameters. By exploiting sparsity, the proposed approach gives an approximate problem smaller in size than the matrix-dilation approach formerly proposed by the group of the first author. Here, the sparsity means that the constraint of the given problem has only a small number of nonzero terms when it is expressed as a polynomial of the uncertain parameters. This sparsity is extracted with a special graph called a rectilinear Steiner arborescence, based on which a reduced-size approximate problem is constructed. The quality of the approximation can be evaluated quantitatively. This evaluation shows that the quality can be improved to any level by dividing the parameter region into small subregions.
A nutrient‐dense, high‐fiber, fruit‐based supplement bar increases HDL cholesterol, particularly large HDL, lowers homocysteine, and raises glutathione in a 2‐wk trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Dietary intake modulates disease risk, but little is known how components within food mixtures affect pathophysiology. A low‐calorie, high‐fiber, fruit‐based nutrient‐dense bar of defined composition ( e.g ., vitamins and minerals, fruit polyphenolics, β‐glucan, docosahexaenoic acid) appropriate for deconstruction and mechanistic studies is described and evaluated in a pilot trial. The bar was developed in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Changes in cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk biomarkers were measured after 2 wk twice‐daily consumption of the bar, and compared against baseline controls in 25 healthy adults. Plasma HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐c) increased 6.2% ( P =0.001), due primarily to a 28% increase in large HDL (HDL‐L; P <0.0001). Total plasma homocysteine (Hcy) decreased 19% ( P =0.017), and glutathione (GSH) increased 20% ( P =0.011). The changes in HDL and Hcy are in the direction associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline; increased GSH reflects improved antioxidant defense. Changes in biomarkers linked to insulin resistance and inflammation were not observed. A defined food‐based supplement can, within 2 wk, positively impact metabolic biomarkers linked to disease risk. These results lay the groundwork for mechanistic/deconstruction experiments to identify critical bar components and putative synergistic combinations responsible for observed effects.—Mietus‐Snyder, M. L., Shigenaga, M. K., Suh, J. H., Shenvi, S. V., Lal, A., McHugh, T., Olson, D., Lilienstein, J., Krauss, R. M., Gildengoren, G., McCann, J. C., Ames, B. N. A nutrient‐dense, high‐fiber, fruit‐based supplement bar increases HDL cholesterol, particularly large HDL, lowers homocysteine, and raises glutathione in a 2‐wk trial. FASEB J. 26, 3515–3527 (2012). www.fasebj.org