jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A place to remain in the village. Dutch planning cultures and rural housing policies from 1945 onwards

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Historical consciousness leads to a deeper understanding of rural housing policies and helps to find structural solutions to the present-day situation. This statement is illustrated with a study on two villages in the Dutch province of Drenthe. Starting with a historical account of the post-war ‘top-down’ planning culture, the analysis moves further by assessing the change towards a ‘bottom-up’ planning culture. This culture fulfils the needs of those who living in villages better. However, old habits remain in place and hamper the new culture to become more mature. Historical consciousness helps administrators, civil servants, and actors from the local civil society to become aware of (in)effective behaviour. The concept of a new ‘bottom-up’ planning culture helps them to develop the formal and informal ways for the construction of housing further.
0219 Subjective Sleep Quality Measured Before, Predicts Psychological Safety After Simulated Combat Training. Testing the Bidirectional Link Between Sleep and Social Processes in the Military Operational Context

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The research on sleep in the social-psychological domain is sparse. Gordon and colleagues (Gordon, Mendes, & Prather, 2017) proposed a bidirectional relationship between sleep and social processes. The current research tests this model in the military by examining the relationship between subjective sleep quality and an important social cognitive process in the contexts of military teams - psychological safety (i.e., an individual’s perceptions of interpersonal threat in their work environment; Edmondson, 1999). Methods One hundred and twenty-eight U.S. Army tank crewmen were surveyed prior to (T1), and immediately after (T2), participating in a two-week simulated combat training exercise. Each survey included the seven-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI; Bastien et al., 2001), which served as a measure of subjective sleep quality (SSQ), and Edmonson’s seven-item Psychological Safety Questionnaire which measured team psychological safety (TPS). A cross-lagged panel model tested the effects of SSQ and TPS over the course of the training. Results Both SSQ and TPS were stable over the two time points, SSQT1: M=2.83, SD=.85, α=.83; SSQT2: M=2.63, SD=.83, α=.83; B=.387, SE=.08, β=.397, p&lt;.001, and TPST1: M=3.7, SD=.72, α=.79; TPST2: M=3.67, SD=.75, α=.77; B=.619, SE=.07, β=.600, p&lt;.001, respectively. Although SSQ and TPS were weakly related to one another at both time points, rT1=.122, p=.086 and rT2=.171, p = .028, only the cross-lagged path between SSQT1 predicting TPST2 was significant, B=.129, SE=.06, β=.147, p=.038. The cross-lagged path between TPST1 predicting SSQT2 was not significant, B=-.098, SE=.094, β=-.086, p=.296. Approximately 40% of the variance in CPS, R2=.4 as opposed to 17% in SSQ, R2=.17, was accounted for by the predictors in the model. Conclusion These results provide support for a directional (vs bidirectional) link between SSQ and TPS, insomuch that, in the context of military training, SSQ influences TPS, as opposed to the other way around. Elucidating the directionality of this relationship is not only important for advancing theory, but more importantly, it helps practitioners develop programs and policies that precisely address the right mechanism at the right time to maximize team effectiveness and wellbeing. Support This work was supported by the Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP).
Rural-urban comparison in prevalence of hypertension and its factors among adolescents of Sarawak, Malaysia: A cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: This paper reports a study of the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension, and its associated factors among secondary school students in Sarawak. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study using questionnaire, anthropometric and blood pressure measurement. Results: A total of 2461 secondary school children participated. The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 13.2%, stage 1 hypertension was 12.4% and stage 2 hypertension was 4.6%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 24.3%, elevated waist circumference was 13.5, and overfat and obese was 6.7%. Based on the urban model, factors that were associated with pre-hypertension were age, male, parent with history of hypertension, overweight and obese. At the hypertension level, only male, overweight and obese were found to be associated. A higher odds ratio was found for elevated waist circumference of 4.42 (95% CI:1.75, 11.11) to be associated with hypertension. In rural model, factors found to be associated with pre-hypertension were age, male, ethnic group (Chinese), overweight and obese, elevated waist circumference. For pre- hypertension level, variables that were consistently to be associated with hypertension were male, ethnic group (Iban and Chinese), overweight and obese, elevated waist circumference, and parent with history of hypertension, overfat and obese. Conclusions: The prevalence of pre hypertension and hypertension was found to be different between urban and rural area, gender and obesity were found to be associated with elevated blood pressure. There is a need to emphasize earlier detection and intervention among younger generation on hypertension.
Testing the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in the Vietnamese stock market: an analysis of two sub-periods from 2006 to 2016

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Objectives \n \nThe main objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the beta values of stocks and its actual returns in order to investigate CAPM validity in Vietnamese stock market in the last 10 years. The study also aims to provide investors with fundamental knowledge of this basic financial modelling technique therefore to contribute in helping them evaluate investments effectively. Moreover, the research attempts to provide some beneficial contributions to the study of the application of the CAPM. \n \n \nSummary \n \nTo achieve the purpose of the study, the researcher collected historical daily/weekly/monthly stock prices in order to estimate the correlative beta values over two five-year periods in Vietnamese security market. The linear relationship of these rate of returns with betas was tested by conducting the simple regression analysis. The research implications were disclosed relying not only on previous literature but also on empirical findings. \n \n \nConclusions \n \nThe results of the thesis reject the positive linear relationship between beta and returns. That means, based on the main findings of the research, the CAPM model is not valid in the Vietnamese market from 2006 to 2016.
Development of Anaerobic Power for Boys and Girls from Viewpoint of 7-sec Pedalling Exercise

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study investigated the development of level and type of anaerobic power exerted by 7-sec pedalling exercise with special reference to age, sex and body height as an index of growth. Subjects were 92 boys and 90 girls from 4th to 6th grade of elementary school (E 4-E 6) and from 1st to 3rd grade of junior and senior high school (J 1-J 3, S 1-S 3). Pear power/BW and peak frequency of revolution during 7-sec pedalling were measured at torques of 0.04BW, 0.06BW, 0.08BW and 0.1BW. The level of anaerobic power was determined by peak power/BW at each torque. The type of anaerobic power was determined by the coefficients of linear equation representing relationship between torque and peak frequency of revolution. Results were as follows;1) Peak power/BW at each torque increased remarkably from E 4 to J 1 or J 2 for both sexes. Significant sexual difference was recognized at any torque in and after J 2.2) Peak power/BW for both sexes at each torque increased with increasing body height. But peak power/BW of boys compared with girls and individual difference of peak power/BW for both sexes tended to be greater in higher body height and at larger torque. In the latter case, the difference was greater for girls than for boys.3) The type of anaerobic power for both sexes shifted from speed type to strength type during E 4 and J 2 or J 3. The type for boys compared with girls was strength type in and after J 2.4) The type of anaerobic power for both sexes shifted from speed type to strength type with increasing of body height. Sexual difference of the type was not recognized at any body height. Individual difference of the type was greater at any body height for both sexes.These results will be useful findings for establishing measurement and training methods of anaerobic power with special reference to age, sex and body height.
Forecasting Harvest Yield with IoT-enabled Sensor Data of Malaysia Weather Conditions using Multiple Linear Regressions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Harvest yields are influenced by weather conditions due to climate change. Our literature studies showed that only a few studies examined tropical climates and harvest yield forecasts. Therefore, sixteen-month real-world tropical outdoor climate data from IoT-enabled sensors were investigated to build predictive harvest yield models. This preliminary study aims to discover if weather conditions, such as water temperature, acidity, radiation, air temperature, pH, light intensity, and air humidity, show a statistically significant impact in estimating the harvest yield. In the modelling process, Multiple Linear Regression modelling techniques were used to build and compare the models. The models' performance was evaluated according to the adjusted $\mathrm{R}^{2}$ and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) measurements. It is found that water temperature and electricity conductivity significantly influenced different plant varieties' yield in weight, contributing to 13% (i.e., adjusted R-square) of the variance of the harvest yield forecast, indicating the magnitude of characteristics that can explain the harvest yield. Furthermore, the Regression models showed that electricity conductivity has a statistically negative impact, whereas water temperature positively affects the yields. Our future work will use more data and different machinelearning algorithms to improve the model's predictive power.
516 THE CHARACTERIZATION OF DYSPLASIA IN BARRETT’S ESOPHAGUS—A PROSPECTIVE NATIONWIDE REGISTRY FROM THE RIBBON NETWORK

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Barrett’s Esophagus is the main pathological precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), dysplasia is known to be one of the principal predictors of progression to malignancy. The RIBBON Registry was established with six academic medical centers in the Republic of Ireland to identify and manage high risk Barrett’s Esophagus (BE) patients. From our database of over 4,000 patients our aim was to establish characteristics of those patients who progressed to dysplasia and furthermore to malignancy. Methods Data was gathered prospectively from December 2007—December 2019. Ethical approval was sought for the database at the time of establishment. Detailed endoscopic, pathological and clinical data was collected via a web-based data capture system at time of initial diagnosis and at each subsequent encounter. A data manager was appointed at each site and a national lead coordinating the project. The Vienna Grading system was used to grade histology. Patients were included if they had an initial or subsequent diagnosis of Specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM), Indefinite for dysplasia (IND) or Low-Grade Dysplasia (LGD). Results 860 patients were included with a total of 3792 patient years, a male to female ratio of 2.9:1 and a median age at diagnosis of 63. 50 patients had an initial diagnosis of SIM with subsequent episodes of dysplasia while 510 patients had IND or LGD at diagnosis. 158 (18.37%) progressed to High grade dysplasia (HGD) and EAC. The overall incidence of EAC was 1.7% per year, HGD 2.4% per year and a combined rate of 4.2% per year. Median time to progression in SIM was 4.7 years, 1.1 years for IND and 9 months for LGD. Conclusion The overall progression of the group was much higher compared to looking at those who had SIM alone without dysplasia from the same registry (0.9% per year). Time to progression was significantly faster in the groups with initial dysplasia be that IND or LGD. In our centers those patients were followed up with repeat endoscopy as per international guidelines, the above results highlight the importance of this practice given the potential for malignancy.
Migration and integration in Singapore policies and practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"Between 2000 and 2010, Singapore witnessed a huge influx of foreign migrants. The proportion of permanent residents in the total population increased from 7% to 11%, while the share of non-resident foreigners has risen from 19% to 25%. This was as much the result of the spontaneous movement of labour to economic opportunities, as it was of active policy direction by the Singapore government. The social impact, both beneficial and disruptive, of this movement was felt at all levels of society, and brought other attending public policy issues to the fore. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach, this book examines the social, economic, and political issues that have arisen with the influx of foreigners in Singapore since the turn of the 21st century. Drawing on empirical research, it documents the impact of increasing levels of immigration, and provides an analysis of the longer-term implications of these trends, with each chapter covering a different aspect of socio-cultural, political, or economic outcome arising from intercultural contact and adaptation. The contributors also provide policy suggestions to ensure Singapore continues to be a harmonious nation and a cosmopolitan and vibrant global city"..
Repeatability synthesis methodology for modular ultra-precision assembly systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Many Assembled products have ever shorter lifecycles while the demand for ultra-precision continuously increases. Modular assembly systems are design to address the need for volume and product variations and need to increasingly address demand for higher accuracy and repeatability. This paper proposes a new methodology for the repeatability synthesis of modular assembly workstations based on the basic characteristics of their modules. The methodology simultaneously takes the physical configuration of the modules and the process setup of their skills into consideration.
Time course of planning for object and action parameters in visually guided manipulation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Under visual guidance, subjects reached for and manipulated an object that variedin weight and surface texture (slipperiness). The manipulatory action was either grasping, lifting, or posting in a slot. The task was constrained or unconstrained with respect to speed, grasp pattern, and contact force. Initiation time (pre-reach), movement time (reach), and post-contact errors were measured, to examine planning for task performance at three points in time. Results indicate that in the constrained task, the manipulatory action was planned during the initiation time, but planning for object parameters was deferred until the reach interval. With relaxed task constraints, initiation times increased,and texture and manipulatory action had independent effects on premovement planning. Errors were affected interactively by all variables. The results suggest a planning process that unfolds over time, incorporating in turn the manipulatory action, object texture, and object weight. This unfolding accommodates variables proximate to the time where they will affect physical action.
Basis for Determining the Proportions of Standard T-Slots and Bolts

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract For many years forward-looking engineers have urged the standardization of the holding elements of machine tools, such as T-bolts and slots. The importance of such standardization, has been generally recognized, not only by individual manufacturers but by the National Machine Tool Builders’ Association, the technical societies, and the American Engineering Standards Committee. This has resulted in the appointment of a sub-committee which for several years has been at work on the problem of providing an acceptable standard for T-slots such as are used in the tables of machine tools. A standard has now been formulated by the committee and is the subject matter of a report presented at this meeting. A great amount of material has been collected showing past and existing practice. Tests have been conducted to ascertain the comparative strength of bolts and slots, in order that the proportions submitted might be suited to practical needs. That the report of the committee may not be loaded with the records of this investigation but instead may be concentrated on the actual proportions to be adopted that report is supplemented by this record of the underlying investigations on which it is based.
Cultivation Techniques of Super Japonica Rice Qianchongliang 2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Qianchongliang 2 is an upright super japonica rice of big panicle fostered by the Paddy Rice Institute of Shenyang Agricultur- al University. This article deals with the cultivation techniques of the new rice variety in terms of raising seedlings, soil preparation, transplanting, fertilizer and water management and pest control from the perspective of its variety sources and traits so as to provide the- oretical reference for its promotion and plantation.
Real time analysis of phosphate transitions from adenosine triphosphate

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Protein phosphorylation is responsible for a broad range of signal transduction roles such as muscular movement and growth, metastatic behavior, mental cognition and metabolic rate. This process follows an enzymatic reaction mechanism, where the enzyme or kinase facilitates the transfer of the phosphate group from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the substrate protein. To better understand signal transduction, we designed and fabricated microfluidic devices, integrated them with our confocal Raman spectrometer, and monitored real time signal changes from ATP. In this study, we loaded the microfluidic device with Casein in MgCl2 solution, and fed into the chamber a solution of PKA/cAMP/ATP in MgCl2 using Tygon tubing attached to 1 ml syringes with 30g needles attached. At time, t=0, the reactor is preloaded with the Casein MgCl2 solution, and ATP is absent from the chamber. The PKA/cAMP/ATP in MgCl2 solution was allowed to flow at a rate of 0.005 mg/min until the POx peaks between 1000-1600 /cm appeared in the Raman spectra. At this point, the fluid flow was stopped and the reaction progressed while Raman spectra was collected over the wavenumber range 1000 – 1600 /cm to monitor phosphate bonds. Results align with calculations from mass transfer analysis. The isoelectric point of phosphorylated Casein, dephosphorylated Casein, and PKA as reported from literature [1] were observed from the reaction performed in the microfluidic reactor. This confirmed real time observation of phosphorylation of Casein through catalysis of PKA and phosphate donation from ATP.
Isoflavones Mediate Dendritogenesis Mainly through Estrogen Receptor α

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) and G-protein-coupled ER (GPER1) play a crucial role during brain development and are involved in dendrite and spine growth as well as synapse formation. Soybean isoflavones, such as genistein, daidzein, and S-equol, a daidzein metabolite, exert their action through ER and GPER1. However, the mechanisms of action of isoflavones on brain development, particularly during dendritogenesis and neuritogenesis, have not yet been extensively studied. We evaluated the effects of isoflavones using mouse primary cerebellar culture, astrocyte-enriched culture, Neuro-2A clonal cells, and co-culture with neurons and astrocytes. Soybean isoflavone-augmented estradiol mediated dendrite arborization in Purkinje cells. Such augmentation was suppressed by co-exposure with ICI 182,780, an antagonist for ERs, or G15, a selective GPER1 antagonist. The knockdown of nuclear ERs or GPER1 also significantly reduced the arborization of dendrites. Particularly, the knockdown of ERα showed the greatest effect. To further examine the specific molecular mechanism, we used Neuro-2A clonal cells. Isoflavones also induced neurite outgrowth of Neuro-2A cells. The knockdown of ERα most strongly reduced isoflavone-induced neurite outgrowth compared with ERβ or GPER1 knockdown. The knockdown of ERα also reduced the mRNA levels of ER-responsive genes (i.e., Bdnf, Camk2b, Rbfox3, Tubb3, Syn1, Dlg4, and Syp). Furthermore, isoflavones increased ERα levels, but not ERβ or GPER1 levels, in Neuro-2A cells. The co-culture study of Neuro-2A cells and astrocytes also showed an increase in isoflavone-induced neurite growth, and co-exposure with ICI 182,780 or G15 significantly reduced the effects. In addition, isoflavones increased astrocyte proliferation via ER and GPER1. These results indicate that ERα plays an essential role in isoflavone-induced neuritogenesis. However, GPER1 signaling is also necessary for astrocyte proliferation and astrocyte–neuron communication, which may lead to isoflavone-induced neuritogenesis.
Supplementary Material for: Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome: No Evidence for a Link to Laminopathies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by malformations of the cranium and facial bones, congenital cataracts, microphthalmia, skin atrophy, hypotrichosis, proportionate short stature, teeth abnormalities, and a typical facial appearance with prominent forehead, small pointed nose, and micrognathia. The genetic cause of this developmental disorder is presently unknown. Here we describe 8 new patients with a phenotype of HSS. Individuals with HSS present with clinical features overlapping with some progeroid syndromes that belong to the laminopathies, such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD). HGPS is caused by de novo point mutations in the LMNA gene, coding for the nuclear lamina proteins lamin A and C. MAD with type A and B lipodystrophy are recessive disorders resulting from mutations in LMNA and ZMPSTE24, respectively. ZMPSTE24 in addition to ICMT encode proteins involved in posttranslational processing of lamin A. We hypothesized that HSS is an allelic disorder to HGPS and MAD. As the nuclear shape is often irregular in patients with LMNA mutations, we first analyzed the nuclear morphology in skin fibroblasts of patients with HSS, but could not identify any abnormality. Sequencing of the genes LMNA, ZMPSTE24 and ICMT in the 8 patients with HSS revealed the heterozygous missense mutation c.1930C>T (p.R644C) in LMNA in 1 female. Extreme phenotypic diversity and low penetrance have been associated with the p.R644C mutation. In ZMPSTE24 and ICMT, no pathogenic sequence change was detected in patients with HSS. Together, we found no evidence that HSS is another laminopathy.