jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The PRSS1 c.623G>C (p.G208A) mutation is the most common PRSS1 mutation in Korean children with hereditary pancreatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We read the article by Schnur et al 1 and the letter by Atsushi et al 2 reporting the functional aspects and Asian predominance of the p.G208A variant of the serine protease 1 gene ( PRSS1 ) with great interest. Schnur et al found that p.G208A is a rare variant of PRSS1 and suggested that, together with four other PRSS1 mutants, it is a mild pathogenic variant causing a moderate secretion defect and hereditary pancreatitis. Atsushi et al reported a relatively high prevalence of p.G208A variants in alcoholic and idiopathic Japanese patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). We previously described two Korean children with the p.G208A variant of PRSS1 who presented with CP and necrotising acute …
The great dichotomy of the Solar System: small terrestrial embryos and massive giant planet cores

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The basic structure of the solar system is set by the presence of low-mass terrestrial planets in its inner part and giant planets in its outer part. This is the result of the formation of a system of multiple embryos with approximately the mass of Mars in the inner disk and of a few multi-Earth-mass cores in the outer disk, within the lifetime of the gaseous component of the protoplanetary disk. What was the origin of this dichotomy in the mass distribution of embryos/cores? We show in this paper that the classic processes of runaway and oligarchic growth from a disk of planetesimals cannot explain this dichotomy, even if the original surface density of solids increased at the snowline. Instead, the accretion of drifting pebbles by embryos and cores can explain the dichotomy, provided that some assumptions hold true. We propose that the mass-flow of pebbles is two-times lower and the characteristic size of the pebbles is approximately ten times smaller within the snowline than beyond the snowline (respectively at heliocentric distance $rr_{ice}$, where $r_{ice}$ is the snowline heliocentric distance), due to ice sublimation and the splitting of icy pebbles into a collection of chondrule-size silicate grains. In this case, objects of original sub-lunar mass would grow at drastically different rates in the two regions of the disk. Within the snowline these bodies would reach approximately the mass of Mars while beyond the snowline they would grow to $\sim 20$ Earth masses. The results may change quantitatively with changes to the assumed parameters, but the establishment of a clear dichotomy in the mass distribution of protoplanets appears robust, provided that there is enough turbulence in the disk to prevent the sedimentation of the silicate grains into a very thin layer.
Temperature-compensated rosette eddy current array sensor (TC-RECA) using a novel temperature compensation method for quantitative monitoring crack in aluminum alloys

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates effects of temperature variation on output signal of rosette eddy current array (RECA) sensor and proposes a new RECA sensor with temperature compensation capability for quantitative monitoring crack of bolt-jointed structures. A temperature simulation experiment shows that temperature variation has a great influence on output signal AR of RECA sensor as crack does and even results in false alarm when environment temperature changes. Temperature-compensated RECA (TC-RECA) sensor using the new output signal ΔC considering impacts of conductivity and lift-off is developed to eliminate impacts of temperature variation on monitoring process. Then, the relation between crack length and output signal ΔC is obtained by an online monitoring experiment, which shows TC-RECA sensor can quantitatively monitor crack with an accuracy of 1 mm. Then, a temperature simulation experiment is performed to verify the sensor's ability to eliminate effects of temperature variation on monitoring process. Results shows that output signal ΔC just changes within about 0.5% when temperature changes from −20 °C to 70 °C, which has no effects on monitoring process. Finally, a crack monitoring experimental of a bolt-jointed structure under temperature disturbance is performed to verify the sensor's abilities of quantitative monitoring crack of bolt-jointed structures and temperature compensation. It can be concluded that TC-RECA sensor has the ability to eliminate effects of temperature variation and can quantitatively monitor crack of bolt-jointed structures with an accuracy of 1 mm.
Journalism and the culture of othering

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In seeking to render problematic traditional conceptions of journalistic identity, this article critiques the seemingly natural, even ‘common sensical’ structures of social exclusion recurrently underpinning its formulation. More specifically, it explores, firstly, a series of insights provided by feminist and gender-sensitive critiques of journal­ism. In assessing the typically subtle imperatives of sexism in news reporting, it consid­ers the extent to which journalistic identity continues to be defined within the day-to-day ‘macho culture’ of the newsroom, where female journalists’ perceptions of sexual dis­crimination typically vary sharply from those held by their male colleagues. Secondly, at­tention turns to the issue of ethnic diversity, where the need to deconstruct the racialised projection of ‘us and them’ dichotomies precisely as they are taken-up and re-inflected in news reporting is shown to be of pressing concern. In bringing together these respec­tive set of debates, primarily from British and US contexts, this article aims to contribute to conceptual efforts to further unravel the ways in which journalists’ routine, everyday choices about what to report – how best to do it, and why –involves them in a politics of mediation, one where all too often a culture of othering proves significant.
Determination of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol in Corn and Wheat by Liquid Chromatography with Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The fungus Fusarium graminearum is a pathogen of both wheat and corn. Strains of the fungus from the United States produce a toxin, deoxynivalenol (DON); strains of the fungus from Asia and Europe produce DON or a related toxin, nivalenol. These toxins can cause disease in livestock, and their potential presence in feed and foods is a concern for animal and human health. A method was developed to detect both toxins in corn and wheat by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of an extract of ground grain. The method requires no sample cleanup and can detect the toxins at 0.05 μg/g.
Portal Phlebothrombosis in the Puerperium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

these seasons of respiratory infections, which often occur during the early phases of leukaemia and may draw attention to the leukaemic process.The contrasting patterns between the U.S. and England and Wales, however, may reflect different seasonal distributions associated with enhanced recognition of leukaemia, in- creased host susceptibility to the leuk- aemic process, or specific environmental leukaemogenic factors.-Iam, etc.,
An automatically configured modular algorithm for post enrollment course timetabling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Timetabling tasks form a widely studied type of resource scheduling problem, with important real-world applications in schools, universities and other educational settings. In this work, we focus on postenrollment course timetabling, the problem that was covered by Track 2 of the recent 2nd International Timetabling Competition (ITC2007). Following an approach that makes strong use of automated exploration of a large design space of modular and highly parameterised stochastic local search algorithms for this problem, we produced a solver that placed third in Track 2 of ITC2007. In subsequent work, we further improved both the solver framework and the automated algorithm design procedure, and obtained a solver that achieves consistently better performance than the top-ranked solver from the competition and represents a substantial improvement in the state of the art for post-enrollment course timetabling.
Effect of delayed chick placement and varied rearing temperatures on broiler chicken productivity.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a 24-hour delay in chick placement and varied rearing temperatures to 21 days of rearing on the productivity of broiler chickens. Both reduced and increased air temperature during the first period of rearing reduced the rate of growth, with clearer differences observed in the group of birds reared at lower temperature. However, growth compensation occurred at a later period and birds from all the groups achieved similar final body weights. Different thermal conditions of rearing did not affect feed conversion, carcass quality or bird survival. The results obtained suggest that chickens exposed to a 24-hour feed and water withdrawal can cope with both reduced and elevated temperatures of rearing, with no effect on the production results obtained.
Yeast tRNAAsp: codon and wobble codon‐anticodon interactions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The conformations of the ribotrinucleoside bisphosphates GpApC and GpApU, the codon and wobble codon for aspartic acid respectively, bound to yeast tRNA Asp in solution, have been examined by means of time‐dependent transferred nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements to determine distances between bound ligand protons. The conformations of the two bound ribotrinucleoside bisphosphates are shown to be very similar with an overall root‐mean‐square difference in interproton distances of 0.03 nm. The ribose conformations of all the residues are 3′‐ endo ; the glycosidic bond torsion angles of the A and C residues of GpApC and of the A and U residues of GpApU are in the low anti range. These features are typical of an A‐RNA type structure. In contrast, the G residue of both GpApC and GpApU exists as a mixture of syn and anti conformations. The overall conformation of the two bound ribotrinucleoside bisphosphates is also similar to A‐RNA and the stability of the complexes is enhanced by extensive base‐base stacking interactions. In addition, it is shown that the binding of the codon GpApC to tRNA Asp induces self‐association into a multicomplex system consisting of four GpApC‐tRNA Asp complexes, whereas the wobble codon GpApU fails to induce any observable self‐association.
MTCBP-1 Protein Expression is Enhanced in Fat Overloaded HepG2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Macrovesicular steatosis, is characterised as excessive triglyceride accumulation in the liver which perpetuate cell injury through signalling cascades. Although there are several hypotheses that have been proposed in liver damage, it is unclear as to how the events occur as well identification of the key proteins that facilitate this event. Aims: HepG2 in vitro fat cell model was used to investigate the relationship between cellular triglycerides and MTCBP-1 expression. Methods: The cells were treated with linoleic acid conjugated to defatted BSA. There were two controls to the experiments, consisting of cells grown in 10% defatted BSA and normal growth medium. Triglycerides were analysed by a quantitative standard curve and nile red staining. Western blots were used for detection of MTCBP-1 in transfected and untransfected cells grown in LA-BSA and compared with control cells. The subcellular localisation of MTCBP-1 was also determined by immunofluorescence. Results: Nile red staining of HepG2 showed presence of triglyceride mainly in the cytoplasm, with higher amounts of lipid droplets found in LA-BSA treated cells. The lipid treated cells contained a significantly increased amount of triglycerides (Ã Â = 0.004). Lipid overloaded HepG2 cells transfected with pSG5 plasmid encoding c-myc-MTCBP-1 contained much lower triglycerides when compared with the untransfected HepG2 cells. There was an increased expression of endogenous MTCBP-1 in lipid overloaded cells. MTCBP-1 is located in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the cell. Conclusion The increased expression of MTCBP-1 during triglyceride accumulation may suggest a relationship between the protein and triglyceride synthesis. It can further be explored as a potential target in therapeutics/diagnostics. The next step is to understand the interaction of MTCBP-1 with other proteins in triglyceride synthesis and packaging.
Legal aspects of teleanalysis in the United States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter addresses legal issues of teleanalysis and teletherapy in the United States. It presents many examples of state law, but the examples are not exhaustive and they are given to illustrate points of law rather than to cover every state and its particular situation in relation to teletherapy. Healthcare professionals already know that their care must meet what is called "the standard of care" and they are held responsible for ensuring that their care meets that standard. Statutes are enacted by legislatures at the state and federal level. An example of a federal statute relevant to telepsychiatry is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) enacted by Congress to protect the confidentiality of health information. Federal regulations include the Privacy Rule and Security Rule, enacted by the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to implement HIPAA. Medicare will pay for limited remote services, provided the patients are in a facility in an underserved area.
Brachypnoea;Bromius;Chrysochus;Chrysodinopsis;Colaspidea;Colaspis;Demotina;Eumolpus;Euphrytus;Fidia;Glyptoscelis;Graphops;Megascelis;Metachroma;Metaparia;Myochrous;Pagria;Paria;Promecosoma;Rhabdopterus;Spintherophyta;Syneta;Thricolema;Tymnes;Typophorus;Xanthonia;Zenocolaspis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

New genera and species records of Nicaraguan Eumolpinae The confirmed presence of Caryonoda funebris n. sp. in Nicaragua represents the first formal record for this genus in Nicaragua, but also in Central America. But in the course of our work in Nicaragua, we found several other new genera and species records, in this case for the country. The list below reports these findings with commentaries about the species, their identification, and their distributions, and provides illustrations to help interpreting our findings in future studies.
MANAGEMENT OF THE INCOME AND BUSINESS ACTIVITY OF THE POPULATION IN THE CONTEXT OF DE-SHADOWING THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract. The shadowing of the economy is a significant obstacle on the way to stable economic development and the reason for deteriorating investment climate and imbalance of economic incentives in the national economy of Ukraine. The aim of the article is to determine the factors of shadowing and de-shadowing of Ukraine’s economy in the areas of household income and business and investment activity of the population, as well as justification of measures to de-shadow economic processes in Ukraine. On the basis the calculation of the Fechner correlation coefficient, the relationship between the level of the shadow economy of Ukraine and indicators of household income and indicators of small and medium-sized business development was revealed. Іn the sphere of household income factors determining level of the black economy are as follows: increacing in disposable income per capita (the correlation coefficient -0,75), the change in the wage share in househol incomes (the correlation coefficient -0,75), the level of social payments (the correlation coefficient +0,5) and employment (the correlation coefficient +0,75). In the field of entrepreneurship the most sagnificant factors determining level of the underground economy are change in the volume of sales of small and medium-sized businesses (the correlation coefficient -0,75) as well as change of financial result of small enterprises (functional inverse relationship). It is necessary to increase the incomes of the population, stimulate their investment and entrepreneurial activity, in particular, liberalize tax policy for small and medium-sized businesses in order to reduce the level of the underground economy of Ukraine. Special attention should be paid to the development of small businesses, in particular, to changing approaches to regulatory policy in the field of small businesses, to simplify organizational procedures related to doing business as much as possible and ensure the availability of credit. Keywords: underground economy, tax policy, small businesses, medium-sized businesses, entrepreneurial activity. JEL Classification O17, H25, D31 Formulas: 1; fig.: 9; tabl.: 8; bibl.: 21.
Color segmentation of inked characters: application to meat traceability control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this article, we study the color appearance of the ink printed\non a background, according to both its concentration and the\nbackground color. We find some attributes, the concentration quotients ratios, that are more invariant to the ink concentration\nthan simple color attributes. Our work deals with traceability of porcine products. We have to detect the animal identifier, printed with ink on the pork rind. Using the concentration quotients ratios, our segmentation technique succeeds for any quantity of ink and any hue of pork rind. This technique could be applied to segment any set of pixels, that are colorimetrically and spatially close, but nor necessarly all connected.
UTERINE RUPTURE IN HEALTHY UTERUS: ABOUT 2 CASES AT THE SOUISSI MATERNITY HOSPITAL IN RABAT RUPTURE UTERINE SUR UTERUS SAIN : A PROPOS DE 2 CAS A LA MATERNITE SOUISSI DE RABAT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Uterine rupture is a rare complication of labor that presents a vital risk for the mother and the fetus as well as the obstetrical outcome of the woman. It is more frequent in case of scarred uterus and very rare in case of healthy uterus. We report in our work 2 cases of uterine rupture on healthy uterus. We discuss through these 2 cases and the review of the literature, the alarming clinical signs, the risk factors, the diagnostic methodology and the therapeutic management of this rare but potentially serious entity.
Combined Treatment with KV Channel Inhibitor 4-Aminopyridine and either γ-Cystathionine Lyase Inhibitor β-Cyanoalanine or Epinephrine Restores Blood Pressure, and Improves Survival in the Wistar Rat Model of Anaphylactic Shock

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The mechanism of anaphylactic shock (AS) remains incompletely understood. The potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), the inhibitors of cystathionine γ-lyase (ICSE), dl-propargylglycine (DPG) or β-cyanoalanine (BCA), and the nitric oxide (NO) synthase produce vasoconstriction and could be an alternative for the treatment of AS. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the ability of L-NAME, ICSE alone or in combination with 4-AP to restore blood pressure (BP) and improve survival in ovalbumin (OVA) rats AS. Experimental groups included non-sensitized Wistar rats (n = 6); AS (n = 6); AS (n = 10 per group) treated i.v. with 4-AP (AS+4-AP), epinephrine (AS+EPI), AS+DPG, AS+BCA, or with L-NAME (AS+L-NAME); or AS treated with drug combinations 4-AP+DPG, 4-AP+BCA, 4-AP+L-NAME, or 4-AP+EPI. AS was induced by i.v. OVA (1 mg). Treatments were administered i.v. one minute after AS induction. Mean arterial BP (MAP), heart rate (HR), and survival were monitored for 60 min. Plasma levels of histamine, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and F2 (PGF2α), leukotriene B4 and C4, angiotensin II, vasopressin, oxidative stress markers, pH, HCO3, PaO2, PaCO2, and K+ were measured. OVA induced severe hypotension and all AS rats died. Moreover, 4-AP, 4-AP+EPI, or 4-AP+BCA normalized both MAP and HR and increased survival. All sensitized rats treated with 4-AP alone or with 4-AP+BCA survived. The time-integrated MAP “area under the curve” was significantly higher after combined 4-AP treatment with ICSE. Metabolic acidosis was not rescued and NO, ICSE, and Kv inhibitors differentially alter oxidative stress and plasma levels of anaphylactic mediators. The AS-induced reduction of serum angiotensin II levels was prevented by 4-AP treatment alone or in combination with other drugs. Further, 4-AP treatment combined with EPI or with BCA also increased serum PGF2α, whereas only the 4-AP+EPI combination increased serum LTB4. Serum vasopressin and angiotensin II levels were increased by 4-AP treatment alone or in combination with other drugs. Moreover, 4-AP alone and in combination with inhibition of cystathionine γ-lyase or EPI normalizes BP, increases serum vasoconstrictor levels, and improves survival in the Wistar rat model of AS. These findings suggest possible investigative treatment pathways for research into epinephrine-refractory anaphylactic shock in patients.
Xylene/amitraz: a pharmacologic review and profile.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

There are no reports of xylene/amitraz ingestion in children. Studies have characterized the adverse reactions caused by dermal applications in dogs, but the mechanisms involved were undetermined Accidental ingestion of the product by a child prompted a retrospective search of the medical records of the Georgia Animal Poison Information Center to profile the signalment, clinical signs, route of exposure and target sites of the suspected toxicosis in dogs. Clinical signs of depression, ataxia, stupor, and coma were most attributable to the xylene and propylene oxide components. Hyperglycemia, hypotension, and bradycardia were probably attributable to the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist action of amitraz. Most reports were initiated by owners, using the prescription product at home.
Integrative taxonomy reveals a new species of Callisto (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in the Alps

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Kirichenko, Natalia, Huemer, Peter, Deutsch, Helmut, Triberti, Paolo, Rougerie, Rodolphe, Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos (2015): Integrative taxonomy reveals a new species of Callisto (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in the Alps. ZooKeys 473: 157-176, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.473.8543, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.473.8543
A blood tumor marker combination assay produces high sensitivity and specificity for cancer according to the natural history

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Diagnosis using a specific tumor marker is difficult because the sensitivity of this detection method is under 20%. Herein, a tumor marker combination assay, combining growth‐related tumor marker and associated tumor marker (Cancer, 73(7), 1994), was employed. This double‐blind tumor marker combination assay ( TMCA ) showed 87.5% sensitivity as the results, but a low specificity, ranging from 30 to 76%. To overcome this low specificity, we exploited complex markers, a multivariate analysis and serum fractionation by biochemical biopsy. Thus, in this study, a combination of new techniques was used to re‐evaluate these serum samples. Three serum panels, containing 90, 120, and 97 samples were obtained from the Mayo Clinic. The final results showed 80‐90% sensitivity, 84‐85% specificity, and 83‐88% accuracy. We demonstrated a notable tumor marker combination assay with high accuracy. This TMCA should be applicable for primary cancer detection and recurrence prevention.