jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prediction of lung cancer genotype noninvasively using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) analysis of cell-free plasma DNA (cfDNA).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

8059 Background: Noninvasive plasma genotyping has the potential to accelerate delivery of targeted therapies to genotype-defined cancer populations and obviate repeat biopsies, particularly following drug resistance. We recently reported on a new assay for plasma genotyping using ddPCR of cfDNA (Oxnard et al., Clinical Cancer Research, 2014). Here, we aimed to predict the genotype of tumor biopsies using plasma genotyping. Methods: We identified patients (pts) with advanced NSCLC and acquired resistance to erlotinib that underwent rebiopsy and plasma collection on three IRB-approved protocols. Rebiopsy specimens underwent clinical EGFR genotyping. Plasma was collected in EDTA tubes, cfDNA extracted, and EGFR genotype quantified using ddPCR assays for L858R, exon 19 del and T790M. Serial plasma genotyping on treatment was performed for a subset of pts. This assay was then piloted in pts with advanced NSCLC who had not yet undergone tumor genotyping. Results: A total of 32 pts undergoing rebiopsy had plasma available for analysis. Sensitivity of plasma genotyping for EGFR exon 19 del and L858R was 57%; sensitivity increased to 91% among 11 pts with symptomatic bone or visceral metastases. One additional pt with no tumor EGFR sensitizing mutation but response to erlotinib had high levels of plasma exon 19 del, suggesting that plasma genotyping may identify mutations missed by tumor genotyping. T790M was detected on rebiopsy in 16 pts (50%); plasma genotyping was concordant with rebiopsy T790M status in 27 of 32 pts (84%). Post-treatment plasma specimens were available for 12 pts; the 5 pts with a partial response on imaging had a significant decrease in plasma concentration compared to the 7 pts without a response (median 895 copies/mL decrease vs 2 copies/mL increase, p=0.01). In 17 NSCLC pts without a known genotype, we identified EGFR mutations in 3 pts with a median 3 day turnaround time, up to 19 days before tumor genotyping confirmed the result. Conclusions: Plasma genotyping of cfDNA with ddPCR can predict tumor genotype rapidly and quantitatively with a high degree of accuracy, potentially obviating the need for re-biopsy in some circumstances. Clinical development of this assay is ongoing.
[Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; initially presenting cardiac symptoms].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two long surviving cases of cardiac lymphoma are reported. The first case was an 83-year old man with complete A-V block, congestive heart failure, and pleural effusion. Echocardiography revealed a widespread tumor from the right ventricular wall to the inner space. Cytological examination of pleural effusion showed B-cell type lymphoma. He was treated with systemic chemotherapy and achieved partial remission, continuing for more than 12 months. The second case was a 50-year old man with superior vena cava syndrome caused by a cardiac tumor occupying the whole right atrium. He was treated with partial resection of the tumor and pathological examination showed B-cell type lymphoma. Then he was treated with systemic chemotherapy for massively residual lymphoma, and achieved partial remission, continuing for more than 20 months. Both cases are in good condition under maintenance chemotherapy. In general, malignant lymphoma which is initially presenting cardiac symptoms (so called "cardiac lymphoma") is not so frequent to diagnose premortally, and its prognosis is poor because of delay of diagnosis due to the location of tumor. In addition, insufficient chemotherapy to avoid cardiac rupture or embolism of the pulmonary artery also tend to make the prognosis poor. Recently, several successful cases of cardiac lymphoma treated with systemic chemotherapy have been reported owing to the progress an diagnostic techniques, including echocardiography, CT scan, Ca-scintigraphy and MR imaging. Our experience also indicated that early diagnosis and intensive systemic chemotherapy can obtain long survival in cases of cardiac lymphoma.
3D Printed Mask Frames Improve the Inward Protection\nEfficiency of a Cloth Mask

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Here, we show that improving the\nfit of a cloth mask using a low-cost\n3D-printed frame significantly improves its inward protection efficiency\nfor airborne particles known to transmit SARS-CoV-2. We found that\na 3D-printed flexible frame (i.e., brace) increased the inward protection\nefficiency of a cotton-based cloth mask by 13–43% for particles\nranging in size from 0.5–2 μm relative to the efficiency\nobtained in the absence of the frame. For example, the use of a flexible\nform-fitting frame increased the inward protection efficiency for\n0.5 and 1 μm particles by 31 and 40%, respectively. Rapid prototyping\nof the mask frame geometry and material properties was also highlighted\nfor optimization of the facial contact area and mechanical matching.\nThis work demonstrates the opportunity for leveraging additive manufacturing\nprocesses for rapid prototyping of personalized and form-fitting personal\nprotective equipment components at home and at point-of-care settings,\nsuch as mask frames.
[Significance of area under the flow volume curve--useful index of bronchial asthma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Some studies have reported that area under the flow volume curve (AUFVC) can be an index of pulmonary function. However, the significance of AUFVC remains to be clarified. We have clarified that AUFVC reflects the momentum of expired air. Size of flow volume curve (= AUFVC) has been commonly recognized to be changeable visually in patients with asthma. To clarify whether size of flow volume curve (= AUFVC) is a useful index of the course of bronchial asthma, we compared the rate of improvement forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1.0), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) or forced vital capacity (FVC) to the rate of improvement in AUFVC after admission in 20 patients with bronchial asthma. The rate of improvement in AUFVC positively correlated with the rate of improvement in FEV1.0, PEFR or FVC. AUFVC demonstrated more marked improvement than other indices. Since AUFVC reflects the momentum of expired air, bronchial asthma's patients could understand visually that the momentum of expired air decreased due to airway stenosis by presenting flow volume curve. Therefore, visual size of flow volume curve helped patients with asthma to understand the condition of asthma. Size of flow volume curve (AUFVC) may be useful index of the course of bronchial asthma.
IODP Expedition 368X Whole Round Section Images

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Images of the outside of hard rock whole-round sections were acquired using a linescan imager (Section Half Imaging Logger [SHIL]) and a special holder that allows each 90 degree segment of the outer surface to be positioned properly. The images were taken at a resolution of 20 lines/mm (50 micropixels). JRSO staff take these quadrant images and compile them into a side-by-side \rollout\ photograph of the section. Composite images are available as both JPG and TIF image formats. Individual quadrant images are available as JPG images only through this report; contact the IODP-JRSO Data Librarian if quadrant TIF files (~160 MB) are needed.
Transplacentally‐Administered Enalapril Inhibits the Spontaneous Constriction of the Ductus Arteriosus in the Newborn Rat

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Pregnant Wistar rats were given orally enalapril maleate (EM), an angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, 15–60 min prior to Caesarean operation and the diameter of the ductus arteriosus (DA) in the newborn rats was calibrated at intervals after delivery. The caliber of the DA in control newborn rats gradually decreased to less than 10% of the initial value by 90 rnin after delivery. The DA calibers of the newborn rats treated with 50 or 200 mg/kg EM in utero were larger than the controls at any time interval up to 90 rnin and the difference from the control value was significant for at least 30 rnin after delivery when the drug was given to the dam 30 rnin prior to Caesarean section. The present study has demonstrated that transplacentally‐administered enalapril inhibits the spontaneous constriction of the neonatal rat DA and supports the view that ACE inhibitors should not be used late in pregnancy.
Effect of adjuvants on the dissipation, efficacy and selectivity of three different pre-emergent sunflower herbicides

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this work was to compare the efficacy, selectivity to sunflower and dissipation of three pre-emergent herbicides. Flurochloridone, linuron and oxyfluorfen were applied individually and each herbicide was also applied in a tank mix with two different adjuvants (a silicon-based adjuvant and paraffin oil). Small-plot field trials were carried out with sunflower in Central Bohemia in 2012 and 2015. Around 25-35% of the active ingredients in the applied herbicides were detected in soil 60 days after application in both years, except for oxyfluorfen in 2012, whose residual concentration was 60%. The tested soil adjuvants did not affect the dissipation of any of the tested herbicide in soil in either experimental year. Oxyfluorfen exhibited the highest mobility and caused the greatest degree of sunflower injury (18%), especially in the year with high rainfall shortly after application. None of the tested adjuvants significantly affected sunflower injury by any tested herbicide. The efficacy of flurochloridone and linuron on Fallopia convolvulus was strongly affected by weather conditions shortly after application. The efficacy of oxyfluorfen was around 85% and was not affected by weather conditions. The effect of adjuvant on herbicide efficacy was positive only in dry conditions, where the efficacy of flurochloridone on F. convolvulus was positively affected by the silicon-based adjuvant.
Changes in neural responsivity to highly palatable foods following roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, or weight stability: An fMRI study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective This prospective, observational fMRI study examined changes over time in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response to high‐ and low‐calorie foods (HCF and LCF) in bariatric surgery candidates and weight‐stable controls. Methods Twenty‐two Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) participants, 18 vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) participants, and 19 weight‐stable controls with severe obesity underwent fMRI before and 6 months after surgery/baseline. BOLD signal change in response to images of HCF vs. LCF was examined in a priori regions of interest. Results RYGB and VSG participants lost 23.6% and 21.1% of initial weight, respectively, at 6 months, and controls gained 1.0%. Liking ratings for HCF decreased significantly in the RYGB and VSG groups but remained stable in the control group. BOLD response in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to HCF (vs. LCF) declined significantly more at 6 months in RYGB compared to control participants but not in VSG participants. Changes in fasting ghrelin correlated positively with changes in VTA BOLD signal in both RYGB and VSG but not in control participants. Conclusions Results implicate the VTA as a critical site for modulating postsurgical changes in liking of highly palatable foods and suggest ghrelin as a potential substrate requiring further investigation.
Multifractal Complexity of Hippocampal Memory Processing

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The hippocampus has long been associated with learning and memory occurring as reverberating activity patterns within ensembles of hippocampal neurons. Fractals, omnipresent in biological and physical systems, often manifest when systems are iterative or reverberatory, and consequently are detectable in spike trains of hippocampal neurons. This dissertation focuses on strengthening the association of neurophysiological forms of learning, memory and plasticity with fractal and multifractal complexity of interspike interval sequences recorded during numerous cognitive and behavioral conditions.
A case of primary clear cell carcinoma in the sphenoid sinus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

蝶形骨洞から発生したと考えられた原発性明細胞癌の症例を報告する。61歳の男性,睡眠時無呼吸を主訴に当科を受診したところ,偶発的に後鼻孔に腫瘍を認めた。臨床的所見や画像診断より蝶形骨洞より発生した良性腫瘍と診断し,内視鏡下に摘出手術を行ったが,術後病理学的検査では,AE1/AE3,EMA,CAM5.2を広汎かつ高度に発現し,筋上皮形質や神経内分泌形質の発現は認めなかったことから,明細胞癌と診断された。追加治療として周囲組織を含めて内視鏡下に切除術を施行した。他部位に腫瘍は認めず,原発性明細胞癌と診断した。追加治療は行わず,術後4年経過したが,再発なく経過している。
Mechanism of suppression in Drosophila. VII. Correlation between disappearance of an isoacceptor of tyrosine tRNA and activation of the vermilion locus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The possibility that tyrosine tRNA modifies the catalytic activity of tryptophan oxygenase that is produced by the vermilion mutant (v) in Drosophila melanogaster is reconsidered. Dietary conditions can modify the ratio of the two major isoacceptors of tyrosine tRNA: one condition allows 85--90% to exist as the second isoacceptor, and another condition allows less than 5% to exist in this form. The function lacking in the vermilion mutant is partially restored when the second isoacceptor of tRNATyr is reduced to low levels (less than 40%), but the function is greatly reduced when this isoacceptor is present as 50% or more of the total. These data support the hypothesis that tRNATyr may be associated with and regulate tryptophan oxygenase. The corresponding isoacceptor of tRNATyr found in a suppressor mutant, su(s)2, should not have any effect on the function of the vermilion gene, and, indeed, it did not. The tRNAs for tyrosine, aspartic acid, and histidine all have one isoacceptor that contains nucleoside Q and all undergo parallel changes in flies raised on the various diets. It appears that these dietary changes affect the ability to synthesize or modify Q or to remove or insert it into tRNA.
Reading Rocks Junior: A Mixed-Methodological Study of the Efficacy and Accessibility of an Emergent Literacy Intervention

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis explored early literacy development in young vulnerable readers. More specifically, this thesis examined an emergent literacy program called Reading Rocks Junior offered by the Learning Disabilities Association of Niagara Region to children four- to six-years of age living in low socioeconomic status communities. Three methodologies were combined to create a rich and complete picture of an effective and accessible literacy program. First of all, a description of the Reading Rocks Junior program is outlined. Secondly, quantitative data that was collected pre- and post- program was analyzed to demonstrate achievement gains made as a result of participating in the program. Finally, qualitative interviews with the program coordinator, the convener of the agency that funded Reading Rocks Junior and three parents whose children participated in the program were analyzed to determine the contextual factors that make Reading Rocks Junior a success.
Influence of surface radiation on retrieval of cloud liquid water and precipitable water vapor using AMSR-E data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) was launched on May 4, 2002 aboard the NASA's Earth Orbiting System (EOS) Aqua Satellite. This new instrument measures the Earth's radiation in two orthogonally polarized channels at 6 frequencies extending from 6.925 to 89.0 GHz. Here we study the influence of surface radiation on retrieval of cloud liquid water (CLW) and precipitable water vapor (PWV) using multifrequency polarized measurements of AMSR-E. Based on this preliminary investigation, a physical method to simultaneously retrieve CLW and PWV is proposed to build.
Binaural measurement of bone conduction click evoked otoacoustic emissions in adults and infants

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) are usually evoked with air conduction (AC) stimuli. Only a few reports exist about OAEs where stimuli have been delivered using bone conduction (BC) by placing a bone conductor on the forehead or the mastoid. The aims of the present study were to improve the test performance of BC-TEOAEs by using a nonlinear stimulation protocol and to find out, whether this technique can be applied in newborn hearing screening. BC-TEOAEs were measured binaurally in ten normal hearing adults and in ten infants. For measurements in infants, miniaturized probes without loudspeakers were constructed to allow a complete insertion of the probe in the infant’s ear canal. It could be shown that robust and valid BC-TEOAEs can be elicited using a nonlinear stimulation protocol. Findings in adults indicated that BC-TEOAEs can be measured with properties similar to AC-TEOAEs. However, mean BC-TEOAE levels were reduced by 0.8–3.7 dB depending on frequency. In view of test time, this is compensated by performing binaural recordings. Measurements in infants indicated that the screening performance of BC-TEOAEs and AC-TEOAEs may be comparable. Further studies have to investigate, whether BC-TEOAEs are more robust than AC-TEOAEs against small conductive hearing loss.
Beyond Prescriptive Purity: Pedagogical Approaches to Standard and Non-Standard Varieties in Arabic, English, and French Classrooms

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract

This study investigated pedagogical approaches to standard and non-standard language varieties within Arabic, English, and French classrooms in Egypt, moving beyond traditional prescriptive norms. Employing a mixed-methods design, the research surveyed 470 language educators to examine their attitudes towards linguistic diversity and their classroom practices, complemented by qualitative interviews with a subset of participants. Findings indicate a prevalent acknowledgment among teachers of the necessity to balance standard language instruction with the strategic engagement of non-standard varieties, particularly in light of media and peer influences on language acquisition. Quantitatively, strong positive correlations were observed between teachers' attitudes towards language varieties and their reported pedagogical practices, with French teachers' attitudes being the strongest predictor of their engagement with linguistic variation. Qualitatively, teachers commonly utilized positive correction strategies, subtle modeling of standard forms, and a pragmatic focus on intelligibility and contextual clarity. A significant challenge identified was the perceived inadequacy of current teacher education programs in equipping prospective educators with the skills to navigate linguistic diversity, especially concerning the influence of L1 Arabic dialects. While university-level teachers and those with more experience reported higher preparedness, a clear need for enhanced professional development was highlighted across the board. The study highlights the importance of adopting inclusive pedagogical practices that leverage learners' linguistic backgrounds to foster both proficiency and a nuanced understanding of language, moving beyond a singular notion of linguistic purity.
Improving Flood Detection and Monitoring through Remote Sensing

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

As climate-change- and human-induced floods inflict increasing costs upon the planet, both in terms of lives and environmental damage, flood monitoring tools derived from remote sensing platforms have undergone improvements in their performance and capabilities in terms of spectral, spatial and temporal extents and resolutions.

Such improvements raise new challenges connected to data analysis and interpretation, in terms of, e.g., effectively discerning the presence of floodwaters in different land-cover types and environmental conditions or refining the accuracy of detection algorithms.

In this sense, high expectations are placed on new methods that integrate information obtained from multiple techniques, platforms, sensors, bands and acquisition times. Moreover, the assessment of such techniques strongly benefits from collaboration with hydrological and/or hydraulic modeling of the evolution of flood events.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of recent advancements in the state of the art of flood monitoring methods and techniques derived from remotely sensed data.
INFLUENCE OF THE AIR DRYING TEMPERATURE ON GERMINATION AND DORMANCY OF COCKSFOOT SEEDS (Dactylis glomerata L.) UTICAJ TEMPERATURE VAZDUHA TOKOM SUŠENJA NA KLIJAVOST I DORMANTNOST SEMENA JEEVICE (Dactylis glomerata L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cocksfoot is one of the most important forage grasses, with specific reference to arid conditions. It is mainly used as a component for the preparation of grass-legume forage mixtures. One of the major problems in the production of grass seed is seed dispersal and loss of some yeld. However, harvesting can be done before the stage of technological maturity of seeds where the losses are reduced but, the quality of the seed may be a problem in this case. On the other hand immediately after harvesting, as well as a period of time after harvesting the seed, the grass is characterized by the presence of dormant seeds. Seed dormancy can be decreased with optimum temperature and moisture during the air seed drying. The harvested seed had the moisture content from 20% to 35%. Then the seeds are dried at temperatures of 9 0 o C, 80 o C, 70 o C, 60 o C, 50 o C, 40 o C, 30 o C and at all temperatures the seeds exhibited 90, 60, 30 minutes. In laboratory conditions, seed germination (%), dormant seed are determined in six genotypes. Selection of the optimal temperature and drying time can significantly effect on the increase in seed germination of both seed moisture. Genotypes with high moisture according to the germination, showed low variability (moisture content was 20% and CV ranged from 2.0 to 4.1%; moisture content was 35% and CV ranged from 1.8 to 3.9%). REZIME Jeevica je jedna od najznacajnijih krmnih trava, sa posebnim znacajem za aridne uslove. Uglavnom se koristi kao komponenta za sastavljanje travno-leguminoznih krmnih smesa. Jedan od vecih problema u proizvodnji semena trava je osipanje semena i gubitak dela prinosa. Međutim žetvu je moguce obaviti i pre faze tehnoloske zrelosti semena gde se gubici smanjuju ali moe biti problem sa kvalitetom semena. Na drugoj strani odmah nakon ubiranja etve kao i neki vremenski period po etvi semena, trave se odlikuju prisutnoscu dormantnog semena. Ucesce dormantnog semena se moe smanjiti a povecati klijavost uticajem optimalne temperature vazduha prilikom susenja gde i vlanost semena ima uticaja. Ispitivano je seme sa sadrajem vlage: 20% i 35%. Zatim je seme suseno na temperaturama vazduha: 90 o C, 80 o C, 70 o C, 60 o C, 50 o C, 40 o C, 30 o C i klasicno. Seme je vremenski izlagano na pomenutim temperaturama vazduha 90, 60 i 30 minuta. U laboratoriskim uslovima utvrđivana je klijavost ( % ) i dormantnost semena ( % ) sest genotipova jeevice. Izborom optimalne temperature vazduha i vremenom susenja moguce je znacajno uticati na povecanje klijavosti semena obe vlažnosti. Genotipovi sa visokom klijavoscu su prema klijavosti ispoljili nisku varijabilnost (vlanost 20% CV = 2,0-4,1%; vlanost 35% CV = 1,8-3,9%). Kljucne reci: D. glomerata seme, temperature vazduha tokom susenja, dormantnost, klijavost.