jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Polymorphisms in TRAIL receptor genes and risk of breast cancer in Spanish women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TRAIL is a potent inducer of apoptosis in malignant but not in normal cells. TRAIL binds to the proapoptotic death receptor DR4 and DR5 as well as to the decoy receptors DcR1 and DcR2. To evaluate the involvement of TRAIL receptor genes in breast cancer, we carried out a case-control study of eight selected polymorphisms in a large sample of Spanish women. Three of the eight selected SNPs (626G/C and 1322G/A in DR4 and 2699A/G in DcR2) showed some evidence of different genotype distributions in a random selection of 535 cases and 480 controls and were therefore studied in our entire sample (1008 cases and 768 controls). For the two DR4 polymorphisms, no differences in genotype or haplotype distribution were found between cases and controls. Interestingly, allele 2699G in the decoy receptor DcR2 appears associated with reduced breast cancer risk (P=0.05). Given that it is located in the 3' UTR, its effect might be related to DcR2 mRNA instability, or linkage disequilibrium with a functional variant residing in either DcR2 or neighbouring genes. A decreased efficiency of DcR2 to work as decoy receptor for TRAIL, would facilitate the apoptotic pathway in cells at risk.
Amphibians and nonmarine turtles from the Miocene Calvert Formation of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia (USA)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Two amphibian taxa are reported for the first time from the lower to middle Miocene shallow-marine Calvert Formation. These are Batrachosauroides aff. B. dissimulans (a large proteoid salamander) and cf. Notophthalmus robustus (a small newt). Four kinds of identifiable nonmarine turtles were reported previously from this formation. These are Bairdemys miocenica (a pleurodire), Kinosternon sp. (a musk turtle), Hesperotestudo ducateli and Hesperotestudo wilsoni (tortoises). Four additional taxa reported here are Chrysemys isoni n. sp. (a painted turtle), Trachemys sp. (a pond turtle), Floridemys hurdi n. sp. (a small tortoise), and Apalone lima (a softshell turtle). Most of these taxa are known from elsewhere in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains from New Jersey to Texas. The regional widespread occurrence of many of these taxa indicates that they represent a modestly diverse community of amphibians, fresh water turtles, and land turtles that were endemic to the Atlantic and Gulf coastal regions of the United States during the late early and early middle Miocene. Their pattern of distribution is similar to that of eastern American land mammals during this time interval, indicating that the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains of the southeastern United States then lay within a single climatic zone that constituted a distinctive and long-lived faunal province throughout the early and middle Miocene (Hemingfordian through Barstovian land mammal ages).
Solar PV Penetration Scenarios for a University Campus in KSA

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is committed to transition its fossil fuel-driven electricity generation to that from renewable energy technologies, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind. The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has led it to announce an ambitious target of 40 GW of PV power capacity by 2030. The deployment of such a capacity needs to be augmented with analyses to overcome the challenges faced in terms of the technical capability of the country. This work contributes to this goal by investigating the utilisation of solar photovoltaic PV systems to supply medium-size entities such as universities with clean power, displacing the current fossil fuel power supply. Currently, such considerations are not fully addressed in KSA. The study used the University of Jeddah campus electrical load profile, taking into account future power needs. The methodology encompassed modelling the installation of multi-MW PV systems for the university by considering weather conditions, actual university consumption, load segregation, and economics under different development scenarios informed by surveys with decision makers at the university. The results showed that air conditioning loads alone were responsible for 79% of the campus electrical load and that a 4.5 MW PV system is able to supply half of the total campus annual electrical energy consumption of the year of 2019. The optimum scenario showed that utilising grid-connected PVs would decrease the total cost of electricity over the next two decades by 28 to 35 percent and would result in halving the current campus carbon emissions. The analysis concludes that the business-as-usual case is no longer the cheapest option for the campus.
CdS/g‐C3N4 Hybrids with Improved Photostability and Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Novel composite photocatalysts consisting of CdS and graphitic carbon nitride (CdS/g‐C 3 N 4 ) with different ratios of CdS were prepared. The CdS/g‐C 3 N 4 composite photocatalysts were characterized in detail and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by using rhodamine B and colorless metronidazole as probes. Compared with pure g‐C 3 N 4 , the CdS/g‐C 3 N 4 composite exhibits significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible‐light irradiation. More importantly, g‐C 3 N 4 substantially reinforces the photostability of CdS nanowires even in a nonsacrificial system. The synergistic effect between CdS and g‐C 3 N 4 is found to be primarily responsible for enhancement of the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, which helps improve the photocatalytic performance. A probable photodegradation process of metronidazole was proposed based on an analysis of the degradation products. This study provides new insight into the preparation of highly efficient and stable sulfide‐based composite photocatalysts and facilitates their application in a number of environmentally sensitive areas.
Few-Body Problem in Nuclear Reactions:Beyond the horizon of the three-body Faddeev equations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recent progress in few-body problem physics based on the three-body Faddeev equations is reviewed for three-related fields. The first field involves the description of light nuclear reactions in terms of multi-channel three-body Faddeev equations. The second field is the investigation of the two- and three-body threshold behaviors for the NNπ system using the three-body Faddeev equations, where the πD and the NN′ or N-(Nπ) scattering lengths are calculated, and also we show that the NN′ potential has a long range term of 1/r2 form. The third is a new Coulomb treatment in terms of a generalized screening range to describe on-shell Coulomb amplitudes which is useful in the threebody Faddeev equations. This procedure reproduces both of the Coulomb phase shift and the wave function from the electron-electron to the heavy-ion-heavy-ion systems.
Sustained delivery of proangiogenic microRNA‐132 by nanoparticle transfection improves endothelial cell transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transplantation of endothelial cells (ECs) for therapeutic vascularization or tissue engineering is a promising method for increasing tissue perfusion. Here, we report on a new approach for enhanced EC transplantation using targeted nanoparticle transfection to deliver proangiogenic microRNA‐132 (miR‐132) to cultured ECs before their transplantation, thereby sensitizing cells to the effects of endogenous growth factors. We synthesized biodegradable PLGA polymer nanoparticles (NPs) that were loaded with miR‐132 and coated with cyclic RGD (cRGD) peptides that target integrin αvβ3 expressed on cultured human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs), increasing NP uptake through clathrin‐coated pits. Unlike previously reported NPs for miR delivery, these NPs slowly release RNA for several weeks. The endocytosed NPs remain in clathrin‐coated vesicles from which they mediate intracellular delivery of siRNA or miRNA. Transfection of HUVECs with miR‐132 enhances growth factor‐induced proliferation and migration in 2D culture, producing a 1.8‐ and 5‐fold increase, respectively. However, while the effects of conventional transfection were short‐lived, NP transfection produced protein knockdown and biological effects that were significantly longer in duration (≥6 d). Transfection of HUVECs with miR‐132 NP resulted in a 2‐fold increase in the number of microvessels per square millimeter compared to lipid after transplantation into immunodeficient mice and led to a higher number of mural cell‐invested vessels than control transfection. These data suggest that sustained delivery of miR‐132 encapsulated in a targeted biodegradable polymer NP is a safe and efficient strategy to improve EC transplantation and vascularization.—Devalliere, J., Chang, W. G., Andrejecsk, J. W., Abrahimi, P., Cheng, C. J., Jane‐wit, D., Saltzman, W. M., Pober, J. S. Sustained delivery of proangiogenic microRNA‐132 by nanoparticle transfection improves endothelial cell transplantation. FASEB J. 28, 908–922 (2014). www.fasebj.org
The exploration of the psychological states, traits, and characteristics of non-organised crime homicide offenders in the commissioning of homicide

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The psychological state, traits, and characteristics of non-organised crime homicide offenders (NOCHO) and their body disposal methods is not a subject that has historically been explored. This research seeks to identify the specific states, traits and characteristics exhibited by NOCHO’s and predict body disposal methods, in order to aid criminal investigators and profilers faced with disorganised crime scenes. This research adopts a Rapid Evidence Assessment methodology to analyse the existing scientific evidence base between 2002 to 2022, providing a contemporary understanding of this area. Findings revealed that NOCHO’s are often delusional, impulsive, socially inadequate, unable to maintain interpersonal relationships, have higher rates of personality disorders, have criminal histories, are withdrawn, and use drugs or alcohol. Findings made throughout this series of studies will contribute to knowledge within this field.
A Comparative Study of SVPD-PWM and Multiband Hysteresis Through Digital Implementation for A Type-G Converter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In last decades, aiming to control some processes and improve high power systems efficiency, multilevel converters have commonly been used in adjustable speed and high-performance drives in the mining industry. Although they present operational advantages over the classic two-level topology in high power and medium voltage applications, current control employed for them has yet some issues that deserve additional studies. In this line, this work presents a comparative study of two current control techniques for a five-level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) induction motor drive: (i) linear current control with SVPWM command (commonly applied in commercial drives) and (ii) non-linear digital hysteresis current control. A multiband switching frequency limiter is proposed in this paper for the last technique. The multilevel power electronic converter investigated here is an NPC converter known as Type G converter. Some challenges for implementation of digital multiband hysteresis are discussed. In this paper a digital signal processor (DSP) is proposed for both strategies, while a field programmable gate array (FPGA) is employed to implement the frequency limiting circuits and switching logic of the digital hysteresis control. In both cases, the drive operates under rotor field-oriented control (RFOC). Results obtained from Simulation in PLECS™ are presented and discussed.
Oxidant-Induced Azolation of Electron-Rich Phenol Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Since N-arylazoles are widely present in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and functional materials, it is important to develop a simple and efficient synthetic method for the synthesis of N-arylazoles. Herein, an oxidant-induced intermolecular azolation of phenol derivatives was demonstrated under catalyst-free condition. Both monoazolation and diazolation of phenols can be successfully achieved via this practical and powerful method.
India's Foreign Policy towards China since 2014

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After Independence, the Indian government usually adopted a "non-aligned" foreign policy. But when Narendra Modi came to power in 2014 as Prime Minister, New Delhi revealed much assertiveness in international relations, especially in its dealings with neighbours. With this new government and new leadership, India is expected to show more endurance than divergence in its foreign policy. This expectation is a result of the two main drivers of this government's foreign policy, both of which are symbolic of institutional continuity. The first one is the appointment of S. Jaishankar as External Affairs Minister, who also served as a diplomat and foreign secretary in the Modi government's first term and the previous government. The second and most important is the "Neighbourhood First Policy," which was founded by the Modi government but constructed by the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government's attempts to engage countries around India. The chapter will highlight the foreign policy aspects of the new government. The recent approach of the Modi government marks an alteration from that of the previous few years, which saw Modi work on bilateral ties to push for more access to Chinese markets while trying to balance military tensions. This alteration was visible during the bilateral summits in Wuhan and Mamallapuram that were held in 2018 and 2019 in China and India, respectively.
Rapid Deletion and Inactivation of CTLs upon Recognition of a Number of Target Cells over a Critical Threshold

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Initiation of CTL responses against foreign pathogens also primes anti-self CTLs. Mechanisms of CTL inactivation inhibit anti-self CTLs to prevent tissue damage. These mechanisms are exploited by pathogens and tumors to evade the immune response, and present a major hurdle to adoptive CTL therapies. It is unclear whether CTL inactivation is Ag specific and, if so, which APCs are involved. Potential candidates include the target cells themselves, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and macrophages. In this study, we show that lymphoma-specific CTLs are rapidly deleted in an Ag-specific manner after adoptive transfer into lymphoma-bearing mice, and the surviving CTLs are functionally impaired. The only APCs responsible were the target cells directly presenting Ag, notwithstanding the presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and CD8+ dendritic cells cross-presenting tumor Ag. The capacity to inactivate CTLs critically depended on the number of tumor/target cells; small numbers of targets were readily killed, but a large number caused quick deletion and functional inactivation of the CTLs. Application of mild, noninflammatory, and nonlymphoablative chemotherapy to specifically reduce tumor burden before CTL injection prevented CTL deletion and inactivation and allowed eradication of tumor. Our results advocate the use of adoptive CTL therapy soon after mild chemotherapy. They also suggest a simple mechanism for Ag-specific impairment of anti-self CTLs in the face of an active anti-foreign CTL response.
ANALISIS SITUASI PEMBELAJARAN SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI SDN SENURUS: KEMUNGKINAN TERJADINYA LEARNING LOSS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan situasi pembelajaran dan kesulitan-kesulitan yang dihadapi guru SDN Senurus selama masa pandemi yang memungkinkan terjadinya learning loss. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Kajian penelitian difokuskan pada proses pembelajaran selama pandemi dan tantangan belajar siswa berkesulitan belajar. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam kepada kepala sekolah dan guru-guru di SDN Senurus. Dari Aspek proses pembelajaran diperoleh kegiatan belajar mengajar dilakukan dengan Belajar Dari Rumah (BDR), selama pandemi guru tidak melakukan adaptasi rencana proses pembelajaran (RPP), kegiatan pembelajaran hanya berlangsung selama 30 menit efektif saat BDR dari 120 menit jam pelajaran, dan setiap kelas dijadwalkan datang ke sekolah untuk belajar tatap muka kecuali kelas 6 yang datang setiap hari, hasil belajar siswa selama pandemi mengalami penurunan, dan telah terjadi learning loss yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus dari berbagai pihak mulai dari kepala sekolah, guru, orang tua, serta dinas pendidikan setempat.
Globalization and the Role of Islam in the post-Soviet Central Asia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The collapse of Communism at the turn of the twenty-first century attracted much interest in the affairs of the central Asian region, which was the Muslim area of the former Soviet Union. Since then, not only the Muslim world but also the Western world has been involved in this region. The re-emergence of Islam in the newly independent republics of Central Asia sparked the emergence of an ideological battle ground. Much debate is taking place among policy makers to discuss a return to civil society, but so far no one has come up with an acceptable variant. Yet, in addition to educational and cultural programs, the Islamic groups in the region are involved in political activities in the age of globalization. Like the rest of the world, the Central Asian societies have been deeply affected by globalization. The life of their peoples have been changed, as have their thought patterns, and sense of creative expression. One of the underlying causes of such anxiety has been a multifaceted cultural concern: how to protect a unique heritage in the face of global pressure; to uphold religious traditions; to preserve linguistic purity; to defend social institutions; and ultimately, to maintain a viable identity in the midst of a rapidly changing global environment. Here an important question is that: has Islam played a substantial role in the politics and society of post-Soviet Central Asia in the age of globalization? This paper aims to address this question. It explores how Islam has played role in Central Asia ˇs affairs in the age of globalization. To this, investigation of the broader impact of globalization experience is essential for a proper understanding of the role of Islam in region. The paper will contribute to a clear understanding about the nature, direction and outcome of Islam in the republics under
Respiratory insufficiency from myasthenia gravis and polymyositis due to malignant thymoma triggering Takotsubo syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This case shows that TTS may be triggered by stress from respiratory insufficiency during a myasthenic crisis, MG may be associated with polymyositis, cholinergic medication may trigger bradyarrhythmias, and cholinergic drugs and plasmapheresis may exhibit a poor effect if malignant thymoma and polymyositis are present.
An exploration of the oncology patient navigator role: perspectives of younger women with breast cancer

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: One in nine Canadian women will be diagnosed with breast cancer within their lifetime. In Manitoba, an estimated 810 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in 2011, with approximately 160 of those aged 20 to 50. Younger women diagnosed with breast cancer may have unique needs and challenges due to a variety of factors that include caring for younger children, career demands, or in some cases, family planning. Many women face a heightened sense of vulnerability after their diagnosis which challenges their physical, emotional, and spiritual self as they attempt to navigate through the complexities of the health care system. One approach to alleviate health care systemic challenges has been the establishment of patient navigation programs. To date, the role of the oncology patient navigator has not been examined from the perspectives of patients experiencing the oncology system of care without the services of an established patient navigator. Method: Consistent with the purpose of this study, an interpretive, descriptive qualitative research approach was utilized to describe the role of the oncology patient navigator from the perspectives of younger women aged 20-50 (n=12) diagnosed with an invasive breast cancer within the last three years. Face-to-face interviews were conducted and audio-taped to capture their descriptions of the oncology patient navigator based on their own experiences. Results: The role of the oncology patient navigator includes two facets - personal attributes and essential processual needs – for which the navigator could provide assistance. Conclusion: The results of this study depict the oncology patient navigator’s vital attributes and processual facets based on the perspectives of younger women with breast cancer. This study can be utilized for the purposes of tailoring or expanding current roles in oncology or perhaps cultivating the development of new navigational programs to address the needs of younger women with breast cancer.
THE CURABILITY OF INTESTINAL TUBERCULOSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intestinal tuberculosis, as regards curability, occupies today much the same position that pulmonary tuberculosis occupied fifty years ago and laryngeal tuberculosis twenty-five years ago; that is, a few acknowledged that recoveries did occur, but when recovery really followed the diagnosis was always gravely questioned. In fact, as late as 1909 Walsh questioned the advisability of even attempting to make a diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis, for it banished all hope from family, patient, nurse and physician. Pathologists from Bayle, Louis and Rokitansky to very recent times state that a tendency toward healing may be found in an occasional ulcer but report few cases of perfect healing of a single ulcer and no instance of complete healing of secondary intestinal tuberculosis. Recent clinical experience, however, verified in some cases by pathologic examination, has shown conclusively that with modern methods of treatment complete healing of the secondary intestinal tuberculosis does take place, even
The Unusual Variability of the Large Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebula RPJ 053059-683542

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present images and light curves of the bipolar planetary nebula RPJ 053059-683542 that was discovered in the Reid-Parker AAO UKST Hα survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud. The emission from this object appears entirely nebular, with the central star apparently obscured by a central band of absorption that bisects the nebula. The light curves, which were derived from images from the Super MACHO project at CTIO, showed significant, spatially resolved variability over the period 2002 January through 2005 December. Remarkably, the emission from the two bright lobes of the nebula vary either independently or similarly but with a phase lag of at least 1 yr. The optical spectra show a low level of nebular excitation, and only modest N enrichment. Infrared photometry from the 2MASS and SAGE surveys indicates the presence of a significant quantity of dust. The available data imply that the central star has a close binary companion and that the system has undergone some kind of outburst event that caused the nebular emission to first brighten and then fade. Further monitoring, high-resolution imaging, and detailed IR polarimetry and spectroscopy would uncover the nature of this nebula and the unseen ionizing source. © 2007. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.