jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Crafting a Brand from Tradition: An Innovative Public Diplomacy Strategy for the Organization of Turkic States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the potential of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) in leveraging Public Diplomacy to bolster its international stature, proposing the development of a unique brand, “Yurt Yeli.” Drawing parallels with South Korea’s successful Hallyu (Korean Wave) initiative, the paper suggests that the OTS can similarly utilize Yurt Yeli to harness the power of Public Diplomacy. The analysis begins with an in-depth look at Hallyu, providing a framework for understanding its effectiveness in public diplomacy. It then delves into the conceptualization and potential implementation of Yurt Yeli, tailored to resonate with the Turkic World’s unique cultural heritage and values. Given the OTS’s role as a representative of the Turkic World on the global stage, the paper underscores its vast potential in employing Public Diplomacy strategies to enhance its international visibility and influence. The comparison between Hallyu and the proposed Yurt Yeli offers insights into how cultural elements can be transformed into powerful tools for diplomatic engagement and global presence enhancement.
Empire without Science? The Dutch Scholarly World and Colonial Science around 1800

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The year 1761 promised to be a very rewarding year for the scientific community in Europe. On June 6, a conjunction would occur between the Sun and the planet Venus. On that day, anyone with a good telescope might see a tiny dark spot crossing the disc of the Sun, like a fly walking across a lamp; at least as long as the weather was nice, since a few clouds could easily spoil everything. Yet, observation of the so-called transit of Venus was important for the scientific community. The exact measurement of the time the planet needed for this transit would enable astronomers to calculate the distance between the Sun and the Earth—a fundamental astronomical standard.1
SEDIMENTOLOGY AND PETROGRAPHIC STUDIES OF WEST CROCKER FORMATION IN SULAMAN AREA, KOTA KINABALU, SABAH.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the author describes the sedimentology and petrography of West Crocker Formation in Sulaman area, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. West Crocker Formation is part of the accretionary complex in NW Sabah. The beddings are almost vertical and the sediments are all clastic. The facies in West Crocker Formation could be divided into four main groups; i) massive sandstone, ii) silty sandstone, iii) laminated mudstone, ix) carbonaceous shale. The contact between facies shows two main current trends which are strong turbidity current and weak turbidity current.
Khulʿ Divorce in the Netherlands: Dutch Muslim Women Seeking Religious Divorce

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Islamic Law and Society provides a forum for research in the field of classical and modern Islamic law, in Muslim and non-Muslim countries. The Islamic Law and Society has established itself as an invaluable resource for the subject both in the private collections of scholars and practitioners as well as in the major research libraries of the world. The Islamic Law and Society encourages discussion on all branches of Islamic law, with a view to promoting an understanding of Islamic law, in both theory and practice, from its emergence until modern times and from juridical, historical and social-scientific perspectives. The Islamic Law and Society offers you an easy way to stay on top of your discipline.
Jesse Shera, The Wars and The Pietá

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper, considering the relevance of Shera thoughts and its repercussions, is to reposition, in epistemological-historical terms, Jesse Shera’s approaches and their impacts according to a relation between life and work of the epistemologist. Without the intention of an exhaustive discussion, the purpose is to understand some unequivocal relations between the Shera critique for the context of its theoretical formulation and the consequences of this approach contrary to some tendencies originating from the technical and bureaucratic roots of the field (before and after World War II). It is deduced that Shera, rather than observing the sociopolitical reality and technical partner in which the texture of alibrary-based thought (but visualized by him as documentaryinformational), establishes, in his own praxis, social epistemology as a sort of "critique of the future," that is, as a praxis of the reflexive activity of the subject inserted in this episteme. In our discussion, the epistemological-social approach represents a vanguard for the context of its affirmation, a reassessment for the immediate decades to its presentation(years 1960 and 1970) and a critique for the future of what was consolidated under the notion of information Science, anticipating affirmations of "social nature" of the 1980s and 1990s in the field of information.
Two lethal chondrodysplasias with giant chondrocytes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Two infants, each with a different form of sporadic lethal chondrodysplasia, had multinucleated giant chondrocytes in resting cartilage. Both patients also had severe laryngeal stenosis and normal chromosomes. The radiographic abnormalities in one patient conformed to the recently delineated entity, atelosteogenesis (spondylohumerofemoral hypoplasia or giant cell chondrodysplasia); the other patient had an unclassified type of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. The findings in these two patients and the previously reported observations in spondylohumerofemoral dysplasia confirm that chondrocytic giant cells are a causally nonspecific phenomenon.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF AN AUTOMATED SHORT FURROW IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Automated short furrow irrigation (ASFI) is a prototype irrigation system that has the potential be robust and relatively low cost, with highly effective and efficient water use. ASFI also has low energy requirements compared other irrigation systems. The aim of this project was develop, implement and evaluate a suitable ASFI system and compare the system a reference sub-surface drip irrigation (SSDI) system with sugarcane as the test crop. This process resulted in the development of a boot and piston valve, which was used automatically control the flow between specific plots. The valve was then used in a trial of the ASFI system at the University of KwaZulu-Natal's Ukulinga research farm. The testing and evaluation included irrigation uniformity tests and the crop yields. The results indicate that the ASFI performance in terms of distribution uniformity and yield data for the Ukulinga trial could be described as similar to SSDI and that the ASFI was considerably more cost effective than the SSDI system in terms of operating and fixed costs per hectare. It is therefore believed that the ASFI system meets the required objectives of the project in that it is robust, low cost (both operating and fixed) and able supply water efficiently and effectively.
Spontaneous Hypertension in the Neonatal Rat. A Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

'Prehypertensive stage' was originally used to designate the initial developmental stage of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The period covered the first 6-7 weeks of age, before the systolic pressure exceeded 150 mm Hg and many investigations have used this stage as a control period with which to compare later hypertensive changes. Significant hypertensive changes occur early in this period however, and numerous studies have revealed the extent to which cardiovascular alterations have already occurred by the weanling stage. This review summarizes much of the recent literature relating to the onset of the pressure rise, arterial and ventricular hypertrophy and increased sympathetic vasomotor effects in the early postnatal stage in SHR.
Criminal Liability Arising from Medical Malpractice on Patients: A Review from the Perspective of Positive Law And Islamic Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The suspicion in cases of medical malpractice in is only slightly raised, meanwhile, there are actions by the health profession by doctors as medical personnel which have the potential to be a malpractice that can be reported by the public, but are not resolved legally because the community only has limited knowledge of science medical and because there is no form of specific legal regulations governing malpractice in Indonesia so that the occurrence of these malpractices can cause legal problems. This study aims to determine criminal liability for medical malpractice acts committed by doctors to patients in anticipating and dealing with medical malpractice problems in criminal cases. The research method used in this study is doctrinal, where the author collects material from the literature, both hardcopy and softcopy, which is related to the title of this research by using an analysis of the research object. Criminal malpractice occurs when a patient dies or is disabled and/or seriously injured as a result of actions taken by health workers who are careless or less careful in making efforts to treat patients who die or are disabled and are criminally liable as a result of medical malpractice acts committed. doctors on patients can be accounted for under Article 359 and Article 360 of the Criminal Code. In this case the health law is considered insufficient and does not clearly regulate the crime of medical malpractice. So it is necessary to regulate the crime of medical malpractice by giving birth to a new health law, namely by explicitly regulating criminal liability for medical malpractice acts by doctors against patients in Indonesia
Cybersecurity in australian higher education curricula

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The literature on cybersecurity education has a substantial reference to using frameworks and guidelines when developing curricula in higher education institutions (HEIs). Some frameworks used throughout the world include the Cybersecurity Skills Framework (SPARTA) from Europe, the Cybersecurity Body of Knowledge (CyBOK) from the United Kingdom and the United States, the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE), and the Cybersecurity Curricula 2017 (CSEC2017). The Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA) originated from the British Computer Society (BCS) and is the primary framework underpinning professional accreditation by the Australian Computer Society (ACS) and, in turn, cybersecurity higher education (HE) curriculum development within Australia. The limitations of using the SFIA Framework to develop a curriculum within HEIs courses will be identified. Exploration of how more recent curriculum and organisational frameworks have been designed considering the maturity of cybersecurity as its discipline is provided. The chapter concludes by discussing why other cybersecurity curriculum frameworks may be better equipped to guide academics in curriculum development.
A murder mystery in the liver: who done it and how?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatocyte death, which can be apoptosis or necrosis depending on the context, is a prominent feature of liver disease. The lectin concanavalin A (ConA) activates immune cells, resulting in inflammatory liver injury and hepatocyte necrosis. In this issue of the JCI, Günther et al. demonstrate that the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) participates in hepatocyte death in ConA injury and that MLKL-mediated death is independent of the receptor-interacting protein kinase RIPK3. RIPK3 was absent in hepatocytes, and MLKL-deficient mice, but not RIPK3-deficient mice, were protected from ConA-induced liver injury. The authors also present evidence that an unidentified kinase activates MLKL, as RIPK1 bound MLKL but did not phosphorylate it. Moreover, ConA rapidly induced MLKL, mediated by the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway, while activation and translocation to the plasma membrane required TNF. Increased phospho-MLKL staining in liver biopsies from patients with autoimmune hepatitis suggests a role for MLKL in this disease. This study describes a previously unrecognized form of cell death in the liver that should be further explored as a potential therapeutic target in immune-mediated liver injury.
An automated approach to health misinformation monitoring on YouTube

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background YouTube is a social media platform associated with large viewership but little research into its role in the propagation of online health misinformation. This study proposes an automated pipeline to facilitate the collection and analysis of health misinformation on YouTube. Methods The pipeline relies on Python and the Youtube Data API. A preliminary test of the proposed pipeline was conducted using two videos from the channel “@BobbyParrish” (5.55M subscribers, 1.5K videos). The pipeline was used to extract two videos with large view counts and comparable like and comment counts. This extraction includes the transcript of the respective videos and engagement metrics. All the comment threads under the videos are also collected with the reply structure preserved. Then, the pipeline employs NLTK’s SentimentIntensityAnalyzer to score each comment for sentiment polarity and classify into positive, negative, or neutral. The pipeline generates visualizations of the sentiment distribution and a frequency-based word cloud of emojis extracted from the text. Results The proposed pipeline passed the test satisfactorily. It was able to retrieve channel statistics and metrics associated with the videos on the channel. It also successfully extracted the transcript and complete comments of the videos while preserving the integrity of the reply structure found on YouTube. Automated analyses of the data resulted in comprehensive and accessible visualizations. Conclusions The proposed work has the potential to facilitate large-scale studies into the propagation of health misinformation on YouTube. Moreover, it can be used by public health officials to rapidly address viral videos spreading health misinformation through social inoculation. Future work includes integrating topic modelling and automatic classification of health misinformation in the analysis portion of the pipeline. Key messages • The pipeline offers public health officials and researchers a rapid tool to identify and analyze health misinformation on YouTube, facilitating timely interventions. • The pipeline enhances the ability to monitor and respond to evolving public health misinformation trends, by automating the extraction and sentiment analysis of YouTube data.
Welfare Gains from the Variety Growth

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We estimate the variety gains of trade in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania following the fall of the iron curtain more than a quarter of a century ago. We apply the methodology of Feenstra (1994); Broda and Weinstein (2006); Ardelean and Lugovskyy (2010) and Soderbery (2015) to domestic and international trade data for the period 1988-1997. Although, there was a decline in the number of local varieties during this period, an increase in the number of import varieties from the EU more than outweighed this decline. The increasing variety of imported goods from EU countries substantially lowered the cost of living, resulting in welfare gains to consumers that range from 0.73% in Latvia to 1.28% of GDP per year in Estonia.
Hazard Assessment of Rainstorm Waterlogging in Urban Communities Based on Scenario Simulation : A Case on Jinsha Community,Shanghai

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, with a case on Jinsha Community in Putuo District in Shanghai, 32 rainstorm water logging disaster risk scenarios in 8 return periods (5a, 10a, 30a, 50a, 100a, 200a, 500a and 1000a) and 4 drainage conditions (0mm / h, 18mm / h, 36mm / h and 50 mm / h) are simulated,analyzed and evaluated using scenario analysis method. The results shows that: (1) rainstorm water logging hazard under different return periods and drainage conditions are mainly concentrated in Jinsha new village and Jiefang village which are all in the middle of research area. But the degree of risk and influence range are decreasing with displacement increasing and increasing with storm intensity increasing; (2) According to the rainstorm water logging hazard matrix, in these 32 water logging disaster scenarios at research area, the high-risk water logging disasters are 21 which account for 66%; the middle- risk water logging disasters are 9 which account for 28% and only 2 are the low-risk water logging disasters which account for 6%; (3) With the increasing of storm intensity, the high-risk acreage shows an increasing trend in all these 4 drainage conditions; the middle-risk acreage shows a continuously increasing tread except under the drainage condition of 0 mm / h with a continuously decreasing trend; and the low-risk acreage shows a continuously decreasing trend under the drainage conditions of 18mm/h and 36mm/h, a continuously increasing tread under the drainage conditions of 0mm/h, and a increasing firstly and then decreasing trend under the drainage condition of 50mm/h; (4) With the increasing of the displacement, the high-risk acreage shows a continuously decreasing trend in a variety of return periods, of which the return period of 200a is a turning point where the decreasing trend slow down; the middle-risk acreage shows both continuously decreasing trend and increasing firstly and then decreasing trend, of which the return period of 100a is a point where the trend turns from decreasing to increasing, and there is no significant change in trend of the low-risk acreage; (5) According to rainstorm water logging hazard curve, with the increasing of displacement, the occurring probability of the middle-risk water logging (over 15cm) is reducing from 100% to 6.8% , and the occurring probability of the high-risk water logging (over 30cm) is reducing from 26% to 0.8%.
Factors Controlling Growth of Arterial Cells following Injury*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells is a key event in the development of arterial lesions. In experimental models, loss of arterial endothelium followed by platelet adherence does not necessarily stimulate smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, using animals deficient in platelets, smooth muscle cell proliferation was induced to an equal extent as in control animals following injury with a balloon catheter. Modulation of the smooth muscle response, however, was achieved by totally denuding arteries with a technique which did not traumatize medial cells. These data suggested that injury and cell death might induce proliferation of cells by release of endogenous mitogen. Basic FGF is present in the arterial wall and addition of this mitogen to denuded arteries was found to cause a highly significant increase in smooth muscle cell proliferation. These studies suggest that smooth muscle cell proliferation could be induced by factors present in the arterial wall and does not require exogenous factors. Smooth muscle cell proliferation following balloon catheter injury is significantly reduced by administration of calcium antagonists. Repeated administration of nifedipine caused a significant reduction in intimal lesion size induced by injury. The anti-proliferative. effect was not observed in other tissues. Influx of Ca ++ ions into medial smooth muscle cells may therefore be an obligatory step for replication.
The use of plants during the Mesolithic and the Neolithic in the Atlantic coast of the Iberian peninsula

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

La mayor parte de esta tesis (2009-2013) ha sido desarollada gracias a la concesion de una becacontrato
por la Universidad de Cantabria. Esta tesis se enmarca en los siguientes proyectos de
investigacion financiados por el Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad:
• Coordinado “La implantacion de las especies domesticas en la Europa atlantica”
(DOMATLAN) (HAR2008-06477-C03-00/HIST) (I.P.: Pablo Arias), subproyecto 1:
“La implantacion de las especies domesticas en la Europa atlantica: Cronologia e impacto
en la dieta humana” (DOMATLANTICA) (HAR2008-06477-C03-01/HIST;
• “Coastal transitions: A comparative approach to the processes of neolithisation in
Atlantic Europe ” (COASTTRAN) (HAR2011-29907-C03-01/HIST) (I.P.: Pablo
Arias), subproyecto 1: “From shell middens to crop fields: The transition to the Neolithic
in the coastal regions of SW Europe”;
• “Coastal societies in a changing world: A diachronic and comparative approach to the
Prehistory of SW Europe from the late Palaeolithic to the Neolithic (COCHANGE)
(HAR2014-51830-P) (I.P.: Pablo Arias).
Management of Descemet Membrane Detachment After Forceps Birth Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To describe the clinical signs of Descemet membrane (DM) detachment due to forceps-related birth injury and its subsequent management using optical coherence tomography. Methods: Case report. Results: A 3-day-old term infant presented with left eye corneal clouding and a definitive history of traumatic forceps-assisted delivery. Despite topical therapy, corneal clouding persisted, necessitating an examination under anesthesia using ultrasound and handheld optical coherence tomography. This revealed not only a tear in DM but also a large detachment. Injection of air alone failed to achieve apposition of DM to the posterior stroma. Apposition was achieved only after penetration of the overlying cornea with the needle of a 10-0 nylon suture and release of clear viscous fluid. The cornea cleared within the first week and continued in the months to follow. Conclusions: Prolonged corneal edema should alert the physician to probable DM detachment after forceps-related birth injury. Injecting air alone may not be sufficient to reattach the detached DM.
Can Assets Determine Family Happiness?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ownership of assets can be assessed as the success of individual achievement in his life goals. It certainly can make individuals feel satisfied with the efforts they have made. Life satisfaction is one of the dimensions used by BPS to measure happiness. Thus, this study will analyze the effect of asset ownership on happiness. The data used in this study are data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 5 of 2014. Analysis of the model in this study uses logistic regression for analysis in Java and outside Java Island. This study found that ownership of assets (jewelry, savings, vehicles, receivables), health, gender of the head of the household, type of residential, mobile phone, television, and access to the internet have a significant effect on household happiness. At the same time, other assets (houses/other buildings, land), number of household members, type of floor, and residential area (urban, rural) have no effect in determining of happiness of the household. The finding in this study also states that the probability of household happiness will be higher outside Java Island.