jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Psycho-pathological disturbance in HIV-AIDS patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since it began, HIV infection has been closely related to psycho-pathological disturbances, either upon knowing the diagnosis, an adaptive disturbance, due to the virus itself, AIDS associated dementia or organic psychosis, due to the appearance of opportunistic diseases such as encephalitis, or due to the existence of collateral problems which include drug addiction or personality disturbances due to being marginalized. Diverse studies show a prevalence of mental disturbances among HIV positive patients, including the abuse of addictive substances, which have rates near 50%, rates much higher than those expected among the general population. The authors determine the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among our patients, as well as possible factors which can be associated with the development of the aforementioned mental disturbances by means of a prospective study on HIV positive patients treated by our service between December 2007 and April 2008. Data analyzed came from Nursing clinical files patient case histories, and by means of an anonymous social demographic and drug addiction questionnaire comprised of 13 items which were previously validated. This questionnaire started off with 7 social demographic questions related to personal data of the person filling in the questionnaire; followed by 6 closed answer questions on the interviewee's habits consuming toxic substance, degree of adherence to TARGA, and whether or not the patient had some type of follow-up or psychiatric treatment. Of the 50 cases studied, we found 44% had previously known psychiatric pathologies, of which 38% received pharmaceutical treatment. The incidence of psychiatric pathology in our sample corroborates data found in the bibliography consulted by the authors. Improvement in treatment of HIV patients requires a multidisciplinary approach and the existence of psychotherapeutic interventions based on set protocols by means of Nursing treatment plans specifying psychiatric pathology which avoid recurring to patient psychiatric evaluation only in cases of clinical decompensation, behavior disorders, uncontrolled behavior due to abuse or abstinence, symptoms concurrent to one's psychiatric pathology.
SOME PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES ON DRUG INTERACTIONS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In recent years great extensions were achieved in poultry industry in Egypt to increase its production, this trend is unfortunately hampered by recurrent episodes of diseases like coccidiosis ana E. coli infection, worldwide bacterial infections affecting all ages of birds, are of continuing economic concern to poultry production due to major losses includes high morbidity and mortality rates, loss of body weight and other bird's performance.Control of both coccidiosis and colibacillosis is very important in poultry farms, which depend mainly on the use of certain anticoccidial drug as diclazuril and antimicrobials as fosfomycin. This study was directed to test the interaction between fosfomycin and diclazuril in case of infection of E.coli.In the present work one hundred and twenty, one-day old mixed sex avain 48 broiler chicks were used from a commercial hatchery.Chicks were divided into 8 equal groups each of 15 chicks.All groups were taken same treat and were fed on ordinary ration free from any drugs all over the experiment (42 days).Chickens were infected with pathogenic field strains of E. coli (strain Some Pharmacological Studies On Drug Interactions .
Motional Narrowing under Markovian and Non-Markovian Hopping Transitions in Inhomogeneous Broadened Absorption Line Shape

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Inspired by recent experiments showing a minimum of electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR/EPR) line width as a function of inverse temperature, we studied the motional narrowing effect by considering a combined model of carrier transitions and static dispersion of the angular frequency giving rise to an inhomogeneous broadening in the spectrum. The dispersion of the angular frequency results from the distribution of the local field. The transition between the sites under inhomogeneous static local field induces adiabatic relaxation of the spin. We also considered the on-site inherent (nonadiabatic) relaxation of the spin. We obtained the exact solution of the spin correlation function by explicitly considering transitions between two sites for both Markovian and non-Markovian transition processes. The absorption line shape is expressed in terms of the Voigt function, which is a convolution of a Gaussian function and a Lorentzian function. Using the known properties of the Voigt function, we discuss the correlation between the change in the full-width at half-maximum and the change in line shape, both of which are induced by motional narrowing. By assuming thermal activation processes for both the hopping transition and the on-site inherent relaxation, we show that the minimum of the width appears as a function of inverse temperature as observed experimentally in organic materials.Contrary to the general belief, we also show that the narrowing of the Gaussian line shape under a local random field did not necessarily lead to a Lorentzian line shape in particular under the presence of heavy tail property in the waiting time distribution of hopping transitions.
The Second Generation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Chapter 3 deals with the Spanish Constitutional Court. In this second generation of constitutional courts there are fewer unknown factors and more instances of courts in other countries to draw inspiration from, including the Italian Constitutional Court. All this contributed to the establishment and consolidation of constitutional justice. In the period from 1980 to the early 1990s, the Spanish Court dealt with four main issues, concerning the normative value of the constitutional provisions, the preconstitutional legislation, fundamental rights, and the territorial organization of the state. From the very beginning, the constitutional court upheld the normative value of all the provisions of the Constitution, and played an important role in determining whether the preconstitutional laws were in conflict with the provisions of the Constitution laying down fundamental rights and freedoms. Moreover, it succeeded in setting up an effective system of protection of fundamental rights, as well as ensuring a rational functioning of the State of Autonomies. The territorial question represented one of the most complex issues to be addressed, and the outcome of the transition to democracy was largely dependent on this matter.
Theoretical Studies of the Cross-Linking Mechanisms between Cytosine and Tyrosine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DNA-protein cross-linking is one of the many DNA lesions mediated by hydroxyl radicals, the most damaging among the reactive oxygen species in biological systems. Density functional theory methods are employed to investigate the complex reaction mechanisms of the formation of cytosine-tyrosine cross-links as observed in gamma-irradiated aqueous solutions of cytosine and tyrosine, as well as in gamma-irradiated nucleohistone. The majority of the radical addition mechanisms considered are found to have significant barriers and therefore to be thermodynamically unfavorable for the formation of the initial cross-linked product. Our calculated reaction potential energy surfaces suggest that a feasible complete mechanism consists of radical combination forming the initial cross-linked product, a hydrogen shuffle within the initial cross-linked product, and an acid-catalyzed dehydration reaction. Water and hydrogen-bonding interactions are suggested to play a key role in catalyzing the hydrogen-transfer step of the reaction.
Determining the Thickness and Refractive Index of a Birefringence by Using an Improved Accurate Measurement System

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a high-precision, non-destructive measurement system for determining the thickness and refractive indices of birefringent optical wave plates. Significantly, the proposed method enables the two refractive indices of the optical sample to be measured simultaneously. The performance of the proposed system is verified using a commercial quartz optical wave plate with known refractive indices of 1.5518 e n = and 1.5427 o n = , respectively, and a thickness of 452.1428 μm. The experimentally determined values of the refractive indices are found to be 1.55190 e n = and 1.54281 o n = , respectively, while the thickness is found to be 452.189 μm, corresponding to an experimental error of approximately 0.046 μm. The measurement resolution of the proposed system exceeds that of the interferometer hardware itself and provides a simple yet highly accurate means of measuring the principal optical parameters of birefringent glass wave plates.
Implantable multichannel electrode array based

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract—This work presents a new method of fabricating implantable multielectrode arrays on lightly doped single-crystal silicon. Such arrays are essential tools for electrical stimulation and recording of nerve signals. Our new microfabrication process, based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, inherently has excellent control over the final probe thickness without wet etching. The needle shanks are 6 mm long and 80 m wide. Here the thickness of the probe, 25 m, is defined by the device layer thickness on the SOI wafer. Our new sprinkler fluidic channel, which has holes spaced 50 m apart along its 6 mm length, permits the perfusion of a large area of tissue with any desired neurotransmitter or other drug. The probes fabricated here are tested in the cat primary visual cortex; data recorded from ad-jacent neurons was used to characterize their orientation tuning. The sprinkler channel was characterized, and flowrate through the channel is a linear function of the applied pressure. [872] Index Terms—Implantable multielectrode array, neural probe, silicon-on-insulator (SOI). I.
[Clinical efficacy of ceftizoxime in the treatment and prevention of infectious inflammatory diseases].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The activity of doxycycline and tetracycline against natural strains of the plague microbe of different origin was studied in vitro. The MICs of doxycycline and tetracycline for the majority of the strains were 0.8 and 3.2 micrograms/ml respectively. The efficacy of doxycycline and tetracycline in the prophylaxis and treatment of experimental plague infection was studied comparatively on albino mice. Doxycycline proved to be superior to tetracycline. By using short-term schemes of the treatment and longer intervals between the drug administrations it was shown that doxycycline had a prolonged action. Moreover, the injectable doxycycline was found to be superior to the oral one. The high efficacy of doxycycline in the treatment of the albino mice with experimental plague infection was confirmed by the pathohistological findings. The pathomorphological changes in the animals were limited by local affections in the site of the contamination and the regional lymph nodes followed by the development of infiltration foci.
k-Mixup Regularization for Deep Learning via Optimal Transport

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mixup is a popular regularization technique for training deep neural networks that improves generalization and increases robustness to certain distribution shifts. It perturbs input training data in the direction of other randomly-chosen instances in the training set. To better leverage the structure of the data, we extend mixup in a simple, broadly applicable way to \emph{$k$-mixup}, which perturbs $k$-batches of training points in the direction of other $k$-batches. The perturbation is done with displacement interpolation, i.e. interpolation under the Wasserstein metric. We demonstrate theoretically and in simulations that $k$-mixup preserves cluster and manifold structures, and we extend theory studying the efficacy of standard mixup to the $k$-mixup case. Our empirical results show that training with $k$-mixup further improves generalization and robustness across several network architectures and benchmark datasets of differing modalities. For the wide variety of real datasets considered, the performance gains of $k$-mixup over standard mixup are similar to or larger than the gains of mixup itself over standard ERM after hyperparameter optimization. In several instances, in fact, $k$-mixup achieves gains in settings where standard mixup has negligible to zero improvement over ERM.
Effect of early stages of thermomechanical processing on inclusions in high carbon steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The effect of heat treatment and thermomechanical processing on size, size distribution, distribution and chemistry of non-metallic inclusions in a continuously cast high carbon steel was investigated using a Gleeble hot compression simulator at temperatures of 1050 and 1150°C and strains of 0·3 and 0·7 at strain rate 1 s −1 . The results showed that the total number of inclusions classified into three main types, namely, sulphide, oxide and duplex, was reduced after the deformation at high temperature. Inclusions of different size and chemistry were found being present in different locations of the bloom, which was related with microsegregation in the as cast bloom. This suggested that inclusions were influenced by solidification conditions and subsolidus homogenisation. Furthermore, the observed changes of chemistry of inclusions during heat treatment and thermomechanical processing at high temperature (∼1100°C) are discussed. These changes were substantiated by evidence of devitrification of oxide inclusions including different manganese silicates.
Autobiographical memories in women remitted from major depression.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Several studies show that depressed people tend to overgeneralize when asked to recall autobiographical memories (AM); in particular, they respond with categoric descriptions. The authors sought to find out whether this tendency also occurs after remission from depression. Two groups of women who were not depressed at the time of the study were compared; only 1 group had a history of major depression. With an AM test, women in remission from major depression retrieved significantly more categoric descriptions when responding to negative cue words than women without a major depression in their biography. These findings support the assumption that AM is a correlate and a consequence of depression.
Some notes about liability for harm done by the defect oftrafficabillity for vehicles and pedestrians on the road

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The subject of proposed contribution is at present discussed
question of liability for harm done by the defect of
trafficabillity for vehicles and pedestrians on the road. There
is confirmed the liabaility of region as the owner of the way
for harm done by the defect of trafficabillity for vehicles on
the basis of the decision nr. I.US 2729/08 of Czech
Constituional Court. There cannot be found the liability of
allowance organization for harm done by the defect of
trafficabillity for vehicles in the Czech law. There is a
different situation as to the liability for harm done by the
defect of trafficabillity for pedestrians on the road in the
developed area of the city. The owner of the way is not
responsible for harm done by the defect of trafficabillity for
pedestrians on the road in the developed area of the city
because Czech law shifts the responsibility to the owner of the
village road (municipality). The situation is discussed on the
basis of real case from Moravian-Silesian region in the
proposed contribution.
Comparison of Impella 5.0 and extracorporeal left ventricular assist device in patients with cardiogenic shock

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Choice of mechanical circulatory support to stabilize hemodynamics until cardiac recovery or next treatment is a strategic cornerstone for improving outcomes in patients with severe cardiogenic shock. We aimed to clarify the difference in treatment course and outcomes with the use of Impella 5.0 and an extracorporeal left ventricular assist device (eLVAD) in patients with cardiogenic shock refractory to medical therapy or other mechanical circulatory support. Methods: We performed a retrospective medical record review of consecutive patients who were implanted with Impella 5.0 or eLVAD as a bridge to decision at our medical center. Results: A total of 26 patients (median age 40 years, 16 males) were analyzed. Of seven patients managed with Impella 5.0, the Impella 5.0 was removed successfully in two patients and five patients underwent surgery for durable LVAD implantation. Of 19 patients managed with eLVAD, the eLVAD was successfully removed in 3 patients, 9 patients required durable LVAD, and 7 patients died during eLVAD management. The period between Impella 5.0 or eLVAD implantation to durable LVAD surgery was significantly shorter with Impella 5.0 (58 vs 235 days, p = 0.001). Cardiopulmonary bypass time was significantly shorter and a significantly smaller amount of red blood cell transfusion was required with Impella 5.0 (149 vs 192 min, p = 0.042; 7.0 vs 15.0 units, p = 0.019). There were four massive stroke events with eLVAD, but no massive stroke event with Impella 5.0. Conclusion: Impella 5.0 facilitates smoother management as a bridge to decision and reduces surgical invasiveness during durable LVAD implantation.
Study on the Jitter and Shimmer Based on Denoising with Wavelet Transforms

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In this paper, based on denoising characters with wavelet transform, the jitter and shimmer of denoising oral voice and transmitted voice and are estimated and the validity for estimating jitter and shimmer is tested. The difference of the jitter and shimmer between male and female is studied. The results showed that the estimation of jitter and shimmer of transmitted voice and oral voice with wavelet transforms denoising could reflect more effectively the relations between characteristics of vocal folds vibration and laryngeal diseases in normal and pathological voices.
Problematika Penegakan Qanun Jinayat di Aceh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After the enactment of Qanun No. 6 Year 2014 on (Qanun Jinayat), several problems arose, both internal and external. After the enactment of Qanun No. 6 of 2014 on (Qanun Jinayat), several problems arose, both internal and external problems. Internal problems arise with a variety of problems, facilities and infrastructure are not yet complete, the emergence of polemics about the place of execution of flogging, socialization is still considered insufficient, uneven resolution of Qanun Jinayah enforcement problems in each district / city, the emergence of differences in interpretation in Jinayat cases resolved by Jinayat law and Qanun fostering customary law, between one gampong and another gampong differ in the type of customary sanctions on khalwat, varied in the type of sanctions and law enforcement. More specifically, the internal problems faced in the implementation of Qanun Jinayat in Aceh are from the law enforcement apparatus itself (Wilayatul Hisbah, Police, Attorney General's Office, and Syar`iyah Court) and traditional leaders who have different perceptions of Qanun Jinayat. This not only leads to variations in application, but also often obscures the legal certainty desired by a regulation. The author conducts this research using empirical juridical research method which is a legal research method that uses empirical facts taken directly from the object of research in this case including the Community, University, and Islamic Shari'at Office of Aceh Province either by conducting interviews or direct observation. and with conceptual and statutory approaches using normative juridical methods. The data source used is data obtained indirectly through literature study. The legal materials obtained are then analyzed using descriptive-qualitative analysis to obtain conclusions that can be scientifically accounted for.
The Arab–Israeli fight

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter introduces the idea that, in the Arab–Israeli context, the dominant belief has been that military force is the best way for Egypt, Israel, the Palestinians, and Syria to achieve their goals. While there are some historical episodes that align with this idea, the reliance on military force often backfires. When it comes to signing peace agreements, military force cannot replace negotiations and mutual concessions. The threat or use of force often produces greater insecurity or even war. Force and coercion often obscure diplomatic openings, leading to missed diplomatic opportunities and an unsuccessful peace process.
An auto-sensitivity control circuit for wired CDMA bus interface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We had proposed an auto-sensitivity control circuit for DS-CDMA receiver circuit. The wired bus interface requires different sensitivities for different number of transmitter/receiver pairs. These changes make errors in the receiving data. We proposed circuit that controls the effect of using different numbers of transmitter/receiver pairs. Simulation results verified that with the auto-sensitivity control circuit, receiver circuit in DS-CDMA wired bus interface works well for range of 8 to 40 pairs of transmitter/receiver.
Assessing the Effect of Quantitative Easing on Foreign Direct Investment in Brazil

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using econometric analysis, this paper examines the impact of quantitative easing undertaken by the Federal Reserve, on the level of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Brazil from the United States. This paper focuses on quantitative easing and U.S. investment abroad and its impact specifically on emerging economies, such as Brazil. This study finds that an increase in quantitative easing leads to an increase in capital flows from the U.S. into Brazil. It is found that Brazil's GDP, the U.S. monetary base, and the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Brazilian real all have a strong impact on the level of foreign direct investment into Brazil. A substantial positive relationship between GDP and FDI is also established.
Analisis Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Peduli Sosial Dalam Buku Siswa Kelas 3 SD Tema 4 Peduli Lingkungan Sosial

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to describe the values of character education contained in the 3rd grade students' books in theme 4 Caring for the Social Environment. This research is a qualitative descriptive study The data in this study are sentences that contain and show the value of social care character education. Data collection is documentation. Data analysis method used is content analysis. The results showed the value of character education of social care in accordance with the indicators, namely: (1) tolerant of differences, (2) able to work together, (3) willing to be involved in community activities, (4) love humans and living things, (5) love peace in dealing with differences. So there are indicators of the value of social care character education that has not been found in the sentences contained in the book grade 3 elementary school students theme 4 Caring for the Social Environment, namely: (1) treat others politely, (2) act politely, (3) do not like to hurt people others, (4) do not take advantage of others.