jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Association of HLA-A9 and HLA-B5 with Buerger's disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eighteen patients who satisfied stringent criteria for the diagnosis of Buerger's disease, healthy controls, and patients with atherosclerosis were tested for various HLA antigens. The incidence of HLA-A9 and HLA-B5 was significantly greater among those with Buerger's disease. This finding supports the concept that Buerger's disease is a distinct clinicopathological condition.
Data from Human Dendritic Cells Mitigate NK-Cell Dysfunction Mediated by Nonselective JAK1/2 Blockade

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have achieved positive responses in myeloproliferative neoplasms, but at the expense of decreased natural killer (NK) cell numbers and compromised function. Selective JAK2 inhibition may also have a role in preventing and treating graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although JAK inhibitors can impair monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) activation and function and suppress effector T-cell responses, the effects on NK cells and the relevant mechanisms remain undefined. Using common γ<sub>c</sub> cytokines and distinct human dendritic cell (DC) subtypes, we compared the effects of a JAK2-specific (TG101348) with a less selective JAK1/2 (ruxolitinib) inhibitor on NK-cell activation and function. Ruxolitinib treatment completely blocked IL2, IL15, and DC-mediated STAT5 phosphorylation, along with the capacity of NK cells to secrete IFNγ or lyse NK cell–sensitive targets. Only NK-cell proliferation stimulated by moDCs resisted ruxolitinib treatment. In contrast, TG101348 treatment of stimulated NK cells resulted in far less functional compromise. TG101348 completely inhibited only soluble IL15-mediated STAT5 phosphorylation, which Langerhans-type DCs (LCs), presenting membrane-bound IL15 <i>in trans</i>, could salvage. These results demonstrate that ruxolitinib's nonselective inhibition of JAK1/2 results in profound NK-cell dysfunction by blocking downstream pSTAT5, hence providing a persuasive rationale for the development of selective JAK2 inhibitors for immunotherapeutic applications. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 5(1); 52–60. ©2016 AACR</i>.</p></div>
" I Even Met Happy Gypsies " : Life Satisfaction of Roma Youth in the Balkans

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Economic studies on the Roma population, which is the largest and the poorest ethnic minority in Europe, remain sparse due to the limited availability of appropriate micro level data. This paper provides a comparative analysis of life satisfaction between Roma and non-­‐Roma young adults aged between 15 and 24 using survey data collected from Serbia in 2010 and from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2011. Results from raw answers show that young Roma living in settlements are less satisfied with life than non-­‐Roma. However, we find instead that the former group is more satisfied once we account for the fact that Roma have more disadvantaged characteristics on average. Also, Roma young adults expect a better life within one year compared to non-­‐Roma in Serbia while there is no difference in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Reorganisation of stroke care and impact on mortality in patients admitted during weekends: a national descriptive study based on administrative data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate mortality differences between weekend and weekday emergency stroke admissions in England over time, and in particular, whether a reconfiguration of stroke services in Greater London was associated with a change in this mortality difference. Design, setting and participants Risk-adjusted difference-in-difference time trend analysis using hospital administrative data. All emergency patients with stroke admitted to English hospitals from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2014 were included. Main outcomes Mortality difference between weekend and weekday emergency stroke admissions. Results We identified 507 169 emergency stroke admissions: 26% of these occurred during the weekend. The 7-day in-hospital mortality difference between weekend and weekday admissions declined across England throughout the study period. In Greater London, where the reorganisation of stroke services took place, an adjusted 28% (relative risk (RR)=1.28, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.47) higher weekend/weekday 7-day mortality ratio in 2008 declined to a non-significant 9% higher risk (RR=1.09, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.32) in 2014. For the rest of England, a 15% (RR=1.15, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.22) higher weekend/weekday 7-day mortality ratio in 2008 declined to a non-significant 3% higher risk (RR=1.03, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.10) in 2014. During the same period, in Greater London an adjusted 12% (RR=1.12, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.26) weekend/weekday 30-day mortality ratio in 2008 slightly increased to 14% (RR=1.14, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.30); however, it was not significant. In the rest of England, an 11% (RR=1.11, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.15) higher weekend/weekday 30-day mortality ratio declined to a non-significant 4% higher risk (RR=1.04, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.09) in 2014. We found no statistically significant association between decreases in the weekend/weekday admissions difference in mortality and the centralisation of stroke services in Greater London. Conclusions There was a steady reduction in weekend/weekday differences in mortality in stroke admissions across England. It appears statistically unrelated to the centralisation of stroke services in Greater London, and is consistent with an overall national focus on improving stroke services.
W production at ep colliders in the process ep {yields} W{sup {minus}}{nu}+X

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The authors study single W production in ep {yields} {nu}WX, focusing on the sensitivity of this process to the WW{gamma} vertex. The production rates are found to be too small to compete with the process ep {yields} eWX. At LEP-LHC ({radical}s {approx} 1.3 TeV), the WW{gamma} vertex can be measured with 30--60% accuracy with an integrated luminosity of 10{sup 3} pb{sup {minus}1}.
Fabrication of biowaste derived carbon-carbon based electrodes for high-performance supercapacitor applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The porous carbon is synthesised by chemical activation using cork dust bio-waste as carbon source and the electrochemical performance of the resulting carbon material is tested in even and uneven weight configuration using a two-electrode system. The obtained cork dust derived activated carbon (CDAC) shown a unique honeycomb structured morphology as confirmed by morphological analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman characterisation revealed the graphitic nature of the CDAC. Furthermore, the porous CDAC exhibited high specific surface area (1707 m2/g) and large pore volume (2.4 cc/g) with an average pore size of 4 nm. Even weight supercapacitor cell (SC) (positive and negative electrode with the same weight) and uneven weight SC cell (weight ratio of positive/negative electrodes:1.2) are assembled and tested in 1M TEABF4/AN. Uneven weight SC cell delivers the highest specific capacitance value of 107 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. The uneven weight device shows promising cyclic stability without significant changes in capacitance values after 10000 and 5000 charge-discharge cycles at the potential window of 3 V and 3.2 V, respectively. On the contrary, a less specific capacitance (87 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g) observed for the even weight SC cell though high-capacity retention is realised under the same experimental conditions. The enhanced supercapacitor performance of uneven weight configuration SC cell is attributed to the weight balancing of the electrode, high graphitic nature, and unique pore size distribution with interconnected morphology of CDAC.
Optimizing LLM Deployments through Inference Backends

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As model size increases, especially in the area of natural language processing, models expand past the number of parameters that can fit on a single GPU memory—requiring multiple GPUs to run inference on these models without skirting performance. But, as teams scale across more GPUs, the cost to serve inference scales, too—often outpacing what a company can afford and make these implementation profitable for organisation. Another consideration is that many LLM- based services run in real time, so low latency is a must to deliver great user experiences. Teams today need an efficient way to serve inference from LLMs that allows infrastructure to scale across multiple GPUs—without breaking the bank. In this paper we will discuss about differ- ent llm inference backends that can be utilised to serve these llm for high performance, low cost and much robust implementation the major LLMs known today include billions of parameters. Either its ChatGPT-3 from OpenAI, Claude from Anthropic or LLama from Meta, the generative AI models are continuously increasing their parameters and this brings its own challenges to imple- ment these technologies for RealWorld applications and easy to run these on devices. As model size increases, especially in the area of natural language processing, models expand past the number of parameters that can fit on a single GPU memory—requiring multiple GPUs to run inference on these models without skirting performance. But, as teams scale across more GPUs, the cost to serve inference scales, too—often outpacing what a company can afford and make these implementation profitable for organisation. Another consideration is that many LLM- based services run in real time, so low latency is a must to deliver great user experiences Teams today need an efficient way to serve inference from LLMs that allows infrastructure to scale across multiple GPUs—without breaking the bank. In this paper we will discuss about differ- ent llm inference backends that can be utilised to serve these llm for high performance, low cost and much robust implementation
The Effect of Blended Learning Strategy and Entrepreneurship Motivation on Learning Outcomes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of blended learning strategy and entrepreneurial motivation on learning outcomes of entrepreneurship subjects during the Covid 19 pandemic at SMAN 2 Lamongan. This research used quasi experimental with 2x2 factorial design. The participants of this research are 30 students with blended learning strategy and 30 students with Asynchronous Learning strategy. The research data were analyzed by descriptive analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The finding of this research, there was a significant difference between blended learning and asynchronous learning strategy on student learning outcomes, there was a significant difference between students with high and low entrepreneurial motivation on learning outcomes and there was no interaction between learning strategies and entrepreneurial motivation on student learning outcomes.
Diffusion limits in the quarter plane and non-semimartingale reflected Brownian motion

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider a continuous-time random walk in the quarter plane for which the transition intensities are constant on each of the four faces $(0,\infty)^2$, $F_1=\{0\}\times(0,\infty)$, $F_2=(0,\infty)\times\{0\}$ and $\{(0,0)\}$. We show that when rescaled diffusively it converges in law to a Brownian motion with oblique reflection direction $d^{(i)}$ on face $F_i$, $i=1,2$, defined via the Varadhan-Williams submartingale problem. A parameter denoted by $α$ was introduced in \cite{vw}, measuring the extent to which $d^{(i)}$ are inclined toward the origin. In the case of the quarter plane, $α$ takes values in $(-2,2)$, and it is known that the reflected Brownian motion is a semimartingale if and only if $α\in(-2,1)$. Convergence results via both the Skorohod map and the invariance principle for semimartingale reflected Brownian motion are known to hold in various settings in arbitrary dimension. In the case of the quarter plane, the invariance principle was proved for $α\in (-2,1)$ whereas for tools based on the Skorohod map to be applicable it is necessary (but not sufficient) that $α\in [-1,1)$. Another tool that has been used to prove convergence in general dimension is the extended Skorohod map, which in the case of the quarter plane provides convergence for $α=1$. This paper focuses on the range $α\in (1,2)$, where the Skorohod problem and the extended Skorohod problem do not possess a unique solution, the limit process is not a semimartingale, and convergence to reflected Brownian motion has not been shown before. The result has implications on the asymptotic analysis of two Markovian queueing models: The {\it generalized processor sharing model with parallelization slowdown}, and the {\it coupled processor model}.
RELEASE EXPERIMENTS WITH WILD ROCK DOVES (COLUMBA L. LIVIA GM.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The homing behaviour of free-living birds has rarely been systematically investigated, and so it is difficult to give a satisfactory comparative picture. Data are here presented on the initial orientation of rock doves displaced inside and outside the area that they daily cross during their foraging flights. Inside the familiar area, the results show marked variability in the directional choices of the released birds, probably related to temporal variability in the location of food patches during the year. Indeed, in autumn, when the doves feed almost exclusively near the colony site, they tend to fly home, but in summer, when food patches are dispersed over a wide area around the colony, this behaviour is not evident. Outside the familiar area, no clear evidence of a homeward directedness is obtained. Two releases inside the familiar area with clock-shifted birds produced ambiguous results and it is difficult to attribute the behaviour of the animals to a change in their motivation to reach home in different times of the day, or to the use of a time-compensated sun compass. On the whole, the presented results point to the difficulties of comparing rock dove behaviour to that of the homing pigeon, and show the importance of considering the influence of ecological and motivational variables in evaluating the orienting performances of wild birds.
Mental Health Interventions among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: A Scoping Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: People who are living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) often face numerous mental health challenges, such as depression and anxiety disorders. The objective of this scoping review was to systematically analyse and synthesise the existing literature on mental health interventions available for PLWHA in Nigeria. Methods: To conduct this review, a comprehensive search of reputable sources including PUBMED, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Hinari, and African Journal Online (AJOL) was performed. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) reporting guidelines, a total of 6 studies were identified, spanning from 2007 and 2021, that focused on interventions addressing adverse mental health conditions among PLWHA. Results: The studies were conducted in three different regions across Nigeria, with the highest number of studies conducted in the South-West region (3), followed by the South East region (2), and the North Central region (1). Among the mental health conditions addressed in these studies, depression was the most prevalent (4 out of 6 studies, or 66.7%), followed by depression co-occurring with other mental health conditions (3 out of 6 studies, or 50%). The most commonly utilised interventions in the reviewed studies were cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and aerobic exercise delivery, each accounting for 33.3% of the interventions. All of the studies reported positive outcomes in terms of participants' mental health. The majority of the studies (83.3%) involved professional counsellors administering the mental health interventions, followed by physiotherapists (33.3%) and psychotherapists (33.3%). Conclusions: The findings of this review indicate that there is a significantly limited number of implemented interventions addressing the various forms of mental distress experienced by PLWHA, particularly in high prevalence areas of Nigeria. This highlights a crucial research gap and emphasises the need for more interventions that specifically address the mental health needs of PLWHA in Nigeria, taking into consideration the unique challenges and opportunities present in the country.
Candidiasis in a Parakeet an Avenue to Zooanthroponosis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

C andidiasis (sour crop) is an infrequent opportunistic fungal disease of importance in Parakeet.Candidiasis is an intestinal infection in numerous species of wild birds that are being raised in captivity (Milton, 1999).The disease is sporadic in nature and outbreaks occur where poor management protocols are followed.Candida albicans, a yeast-like fungus, is the primary cause for candidiasis.C.albicans is a common environmental organism and an opportunistic pathogen having normal inhabitant of avian crop.Candidiasis has been observed in chickens, pigeons, turkeys, geese, guinea fowl, pheasants, quail, parrots, and other birds (Moretti et al., 2000).Ingestion of contaminated food or drinking water is the usual means of transmission.Contaminated environments such as litter from diseased and game bird rearing in the same amenities and areas contaminated with human waste are suggested as a sources for Candidiasis exposure to birds.Young birds with crop stasis makes more susceptible to Candidiasis (Bauck, 1994; Kunkle, 2003).This paper discusses about a parakeet with candidiasis and its successful clinical management. MAterIAls And MetHods BirdA mature 4 years old male parakeet was presented during March 2016 to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, small animal Medicine outpatient unit for treatment with the history of in-appetence, dullness, passing greenish diarrhea, whitish plaques in mouth (Figure 1), regurgitation and weight loss.According to owner, these symptoms were higher in winter and rainy season and resolved in summer.Clinical signs were noticed since 18 months and treated with herbal products at domestic level by the owner. Sample ColleCtionSamples were collected from oral cavity and cloaca by sterile cotton swabs.Fecal samples were collected from the environment where birds were maintained.When bird was kept in a cage, a pool of at least 2g of feces was collected and subjected to microbial analysis. ZoonoSiSBird owner had intertrigo in both hands since eight years.Illness pattern was episodic in nature, lesions were severe during winter months while self-recovery occur during case report Abstract | A four-year-old parakeet was presented with the history of anorexia, whitish plaques in the oral cavity and regurgitation since 18 months.On clinical examination bird was found to be cachectic.Microscopic examination of clinical materials like oral plaques and fecal materials showed few mother Candida spp. with few Gram positive rods.After the proper treatment and guidance, uneventual clinical recovery was recorded and none of the sample showed positive for Candida with bacterial load.Simultaneously owner also treated with Fluconazole.This case report clearly focuses on candidiasis in a parakeet and its reverse zoonosis possibility.
New Tyrosinase Inhibitors from Paecilomyces gunnii

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Through screening 50 strains of entomopathogenic fungi and rescreening of 7 strains of Paecilomyces gunnii, a methanol extract of liquid-cultivated mycelia of P. gunnii was found to have the strongest tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) guided by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was employed for the isolation and purification of the active components, and three new compounds with half inhibition concentration (IC50) of 0.11, 0.17, and 0.14 mM against diphenolase were obtained from the extract, respectively. Their chemical structures were identified by HRMS, one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy as paecilomycones A, B, and C. Structure and activity studies showed that the tyrosinase inhibition activities are positively related to the number of hydroxyl groups on the paecilomycones.
MRI Features Predictive of Invasive Placenta With Extrauterine Spread in High-Risk Gravid Patients: A Prospective Evaluation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MRI is highly accurate in depicting placental extrauterine spread. The presence of abnormal vessels at the uterine serosa was the most important MRI feature for identifying invasive placenta. An abnormal vascular network within the vesicouterine space or parametrium was the most reliable MRI sign for detecting bladder or parametrial involvement.
J&q'+ p'p- and B+J/v,yf Cross Sections

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a measurement of J/$,$J’ differential cross sections in pp collisions at fi = 1.8 TeV. The cross sections are measured above 4 GeV/c in the central region (IqI < 0.6) using the dimuon decay channel. The fraction of events from B decays is measured, and used to calculate b quark cross sections and direct J/JI,$’ cross sections. The direct cross sections for the I/J’ are found to be more than an order of magnitude above theoretical expectations.
Aisha the Ḥadīth Master

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter presents the largest chapter of al-Ijaba: Aisha’s correctives of Abu Hurayra. It illustrates Aisha’s acumen in deciphering the validity of ḥadīth according to her lived experience, logic, and knowledge of the Quran. This chapter also sets forth an argument for extending the criteria of ḥadīth acceptance/rejection of a narrator to the Companions. It also proposes that impugnment needn’t be absolute but on a statement-by-statement basis whereby the narrator’s ability to comment on the subject matter of the statement based on their grasp and understanding of the subject is also considered. Because this chapter looks exclusively at Aisha’s corrective of Abu Hurayra, there is a brief biography of Abu Hurayra presented before translating and critically analysing the chapter dedicated to him in al-Ijaba.
Distribution of fleas in rodent colonies in the Northwestern Precaspian region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Distribution of fleas by their rodents hosts was investigated by field experiments using the method of individual labeling both the parasites and the hosts. The experimental site was situated in sand landscapes of the northwestern Precaspian region. Pattern of the contacts between rodents leading to the exchange of their ectoparasites was established. Average distance of the rodent migration from the site of its previous record was 54 m, while the distance of flea transfer for the same period was 142 m. The probability of host exchange by a flea under under its periodic attacks on host amounted to the value 0.500-0.889. The parameters of flea spreading in the northwestern Precaspian region and in the sand landscapes between Volga and Ural were shown to be similar. The ability of the flea Xenopsylla conformis to parasitizing on social vole without a significant decrease of its abundance was revealed.