jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abbreviated Forms of the WISC-R

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the present study was to validate the effectiveness of three forms of abbreviated WISC-Rs. 100 protocols from a group of mentally retarded and language/learning impaired children were rescored according to three different methods of abbreviation previously used with the WISC. Part-whole correlations, correlations of IQs from the original and short-forms, were quite high for each of the short-form methods, ranging from .92 to .93 for the Full Scale IQ. Though tests for significance between correlations demonstrated no statistically significant differences, the accuracy of the Finch, et al. method (1973) was superior in estimating IQ. All three methods are derived from complete administration of the WISC-R.
Home Energy Management: Products & Trends

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Author(s): LaMarche, J; Cheney, K; Roth, K; Sachs, O; Pritoni, M | Abstract: Home Energy Management (HEM) describes a class of technologies including sensors, smart thermostats, and feedback devices seeking to manage residential energy consumption profiles to reduce peak electric demand and consumers’ electric bills. A growing number of HEM products and companies have emerged over the past decade, ranging from basic energy displays to whole-home control systems and smart phone apps. The great diversity of HEM product features and types is indicative of the nascent state of the HEM industry. Despite research showing that HEM products providing feedback on electricity consumption can reduce household electricity consumption by 4 to 12%, these products still face relatively low market penetration. We discuss some of the challenges facing the industry, including barriers to consumer adoption. We further present a taxonomy for residential HEM products with three basic categories: Control Devices, User Interfaces, and Enabling Technologies. This taxonomy provides a framework for future discussion about what areas of HEM have the most potential to result in widespread deployment, consumer engagement, and energy savings in the future.
THE BURDEN OF THE NEUROCOGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT ASSOCIATED WITH PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The burden of Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been estimated traditionally in terms of infections and mortality. Neurocognitive sequelae have recently been identified that add to the burden caused by this parasite. We have attempted to provide estimates of the neurocognitive burden based upon more recent estimates of the population at risk and a detailed review of published studies in sub-Saharan Africa. There is little data on which to estimate the burden, and considerable limitations in extracting the data from the published studies to provide these estimates. However, we estimate that at least 1,300–7,800 children will have neurologic sequelae following cerebral malaria in stable endemic areas per year. The figure is likely to be considerably higher, since these estimates do not include neurocognitive impairment following non-cerebral malaria in children or adults in stable endemic areas, or populations in low stable or epidemic areas.
UNEMPLOYMENT, IMPRISONMENT, AND SOCIAL STRUCTURES OF ACCUMULATION: HISTORICAL CONTINGENCY IN THE RUSCHE‐KIRCHHEIMER HYPOTHESIS*

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study explores the relationship between punishment and social structure by combining the work of Rusche and Kirchheimer with current theorizing regarding social structures of accumulation (SSAs). Specifically, we theorize that the unemployment‐imprisonment (U‐I) relationship is historically contingent. In particular, we argue that qualitative changes in the configuration of labor markets, state strategies for managing surplus populations, and international relations across SSAs and stages within them result in changes in the magnitude and direction of the U‐I relationship. In other words, changes in the qualitative relations among capital, labor, and the state are reflected in quantitative changes in the relationship between rates of unemployment and imprisonment. We hypothesize that three stages of the Fordist SSA (exploration, 1933–1947; consolidation, 1948–1966; decay, 1967–1979) will manifest varying levels of a positive and significant U‐I relationship, while the first stage of the new globalized, cyber‐technology SSA (1980–1992) will be characterized by a negative U‐I relationship due to the co‐emergence of a (semi)permanent underclass and an intensification of punitiveness. We test this model using a structurally periodized analysis to determine if the relationship between rates of unemployment and new court admissions to prison (net of rates of violent crime) differs across the four periods studied. Our analysis of the U‐I relationship within each SSA phase, and time‐varying parameter tests of the periodization of twentieth‐century capitalist development, indicate that the U‐I relationship is indeed historically contingent and warrants further structurally periodized analysis.
Untargeted Metabolomics Unveil Changes in Autotrophic and Mixotrophic Galdieria sulphuraria Exposed to High-Light Intensity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The thermoacidophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria has been optimizing a photosynthetic system for low-light conditions over billions of years, thriving in hot and acidic endolithic habitats. The growth of G. sulphuraria in the laboratory is very much dependent on light and substrate supply. Here, higher cell densities in G. sulphuraria under high-light conditions were obtained, although reductions in photosynthetic pigments were observed, which indicated this alga might be able to relieve the effects caused by photoinhibition. We further describe an extensive untargeted metabolomics study to reveal metabolic changes in autotrophic and mixotrophic G. sulphuraria grown under high and low light intensities. The up-modulation of bilayer lipids, that help generate better-ordered lipid domains (e.g., ergosterol) and keep optimal membrane thickness and fluidity, were observed under high-light exposure. Moreover, high-light conditions induced changes in amino acids, amines, and amide metabolism. Compared with the autotrophic algae, higher accumulations of osmoprotectant sugars and sugar alcohols were recorded in the mixotrophic G. sulphuraria. This response can be interpreted as a measure to cope with stress due to the high concentration of organic carbon sources. Our results indicate how G. sulphuraria can modulate its metabolome to maintain energetic balance and minimize harmful effects under changing environments.
Death with a bonus pack : new age spirituality, folk catholicism, and the cult of Santa Muerte

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses a popular but hardly investigated cult of an informal saint Santa Muerte (Saint Death). Santa Muerte enjoys growing popularity in Mexico and neighboring countries. One of the reasons for it is the cult's extensive presence in mass media. It remains exposed to influence of other popular religious traditions, including Spiritualism and elements of the New Age spirituality.
Oil Price Shocks, Agriculture and Household Welfare in Nigeria: Results From an Economy-Wide Model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Following the recent plunge in the price of crude oil in the international market and its attendant implications on oil-exporting countries, this paper simulated the impact of a fifty per cent decline in world oil price on agriculture and household welfare using a general equilibrium model, and data from a social accounting matrix (SAM) for Nigeria. Results show that gross domestic output and supply of composites in the agriculture sectors increased substantially, causing agriculture prices to decline. Furthermore, the shock reduced incomes/expenditure in all household groups except urban-north households that recorded an increase. We therefore conclude that lower oil prices may not necessarily lead to output losses, but could boost output in other sectors, engendering diversification of the export base. Also, targeted interventions would prove more effective in mitigating the negative impact of oil price shocks on households than general palliative measures based on the results of the study.
Inter-operator reliability of an onsite machine learning-based prototype to estimate CT angiography-derived fractional flow reserve

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Advances in computed tomography (CT) and machine learning have enabled on-site non-invasive assessment of fractional flow reserve (ML-FFRCT). However, reproducibility of measurements across operators is not well demonstrated. Purpose This study was designed to measure the inter-operator variability and reproducibility of Coronary CT Angiography–derived fractional flow reserve values using a post-processing prototype based on a machine learning algorithm (ML-FFRCT). Methods We included 60 symptomatic patients who underwent coronary CT angiography. FFRCT was calculated by 2 independent operators after training using a machine learning based on-site prototype. FFRCT was measured 1 cm distal to the coronary plaque or in the middle of the segments if no coronary lesions were present. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis were used to evaluate inter-operator variability effect in FFRCT estimates. Sensitivity analysis was done by cardiac risk factors, degree of stenosis and image quality. Results A total of 535 coronary segments in 60 patients were assessed. The overall ICC was 0.986 per patient (95% CI: 0.977 - 0.992) and 0.972 per segment (95% CI: 0.967 - 0.977). The absolute mean difference in FFRCT estimates was 0.012 per patient (95% CI for limits of agreement: -0.035 - 0.039) and 0.02 per segment (95% CI for limits of agreement: -0.077 - 0.080). Tight limits of agreement were seen on Bland-Altman analysis. Distal segments had greater variability compared to proximal/mid segments (absolute mean difference 0.011 vs 0.025, p &lt; 0.001). Sensitivity analysis showed similar results across degrees of stenosis, image quality and those with cardiac risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Conclusion A high degree of inter-operator reproducibility can be achieved by onsite machine learning based ML-FFRCT assessment. Future research is required to evaluate the physiological relevance and prognostic value of ML-FFRCT.
Landforms and rural development: The evolution of human settlements at alpine alluvial fans in the Admont Valley, Austria, since 1784 AD

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We used two historical maps that cover vast areas of central and eastern Europe at rather large scale dating to 1784 (First Military Survey of the Habsburg Empire; total extent 640,000 km²; scale 1: 28,800) and 1824 (cadastral land register of Francis I; 670,000 km²; 1: 2,880) to extracted individual buildings located at several alluvial fans in one valley in Austria (Admont Valley). Historic buildings were mapped and compared with present building (airborne–laserscanning based; 2008–2017), geomorphic (landform distribution), geomorphodynamic (documented damaging events at torrents), and spatial planning (hazard zonation maps) data. Results show that 69.2% of all present buildings are located at only 7% of the study area. Whereas the 1784–data are too inaccurate and unprecise for detailed spatial analyses, the 1824–data are very accurate and precise allowing spatial and socio–economic insight into the population and building evolution over a 190–year period. Results show for instance that despite a tremendous increase in buildings (911 in 1824; 3554 in 2008–2017), the proportion of buildings exposed to torrents–related natural hazards significantly decreased by 10.4% for yellow (moderate–risk) and by 13.7% for red (high–risk) zones. Similar historio–geomorphological studies as presented here might be accomplished in other countries in central and eastern Europe covered by the indicated historical map products.
RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE PADA APLIKASI E-COMMERCE BERBASIS WAP

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Entering the era of globalization, the use of information technology in all areas of daily life cannot be avoided. There are at least two technologies that have developed rapidly in the last few years for the lives of millions of people, namely the internet and cell phones. By combining these two technologies, technology is created that makes it possible to access information that does not depend on the information source and location of access, namely WAP. Along with the development of the combination of the two technologies, several business owners began to use it. One of them is the Podomoro Notebook Store, which is located at SCC Plaza Simpang Lima, Fl. V No. 62 Semarang which is engaged in selling notebooks is trying to use it. There are several things that might encourage this application to be used, including in terms of notebook sales. The absence of an application regarding ordering goods online is also an obstacle for the shop. The solution to solving the problem of this case is to create a wap-based information system for ordering goods. With the wap-based information system, it is hoped that it will help a little in terms of sales and this system can help to order goods online.
ON A SUBCLASS OF HARMONIC MAPPINGS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Dedicated to the retirement of Professor Shigeyoshi Owa Abstract. In the present paper we extent the fundamental property that if h(z) and g(z) are regular functions in the open unit disc D{ with the properties h(0) = g(0) = 0, h(z) maps D onto λ-spiral region and Re eiλ g ′(z) h ′} (z)&gt; 0, then Re&gt; 0, and then give some applications of this to the harmonic functions. e iλ g(z) h(z)
The rise and fall of credibility, a way to understand the case of the Dutch public housing sector

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Dutch public housing sector provides us a clear case of credibility. Credibility is conceptualized as a phenomenon of trust, attributed in the public opinion to housing corporations. Housing corporations are subordinated to central government by law. Upward of 1990 they were granted trust and freedom of operation by the government. Since 2005 they became subject of public criticism, indicating a first loss of credibility. In order to understand confusing observations in the period from 2006 to 2011, public attributions of trust are related to fairness. Some hypotheses are deduced and tested, giving evidence of trust violating actions and opportunistic consequences.
Different endotoxin release and IL-6 plasma levels after antibiotic administration in surgical intensive care patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, aggressive fluid resuscitation, vasopressor support, the mortality associated with Gram-negative sepsis and septic shock has not decreased significantly in the last two decades. The consequences of host exposure to endotoxin and the relationship of antibiotic administration to endotoxin release have become important areas of intense interest. In vitro studies have demonstrated that there was a difference in endotoxin release between PBP-3 specific antibiotics (β-lactam antibiotics) and PBP-2 specific antibiotics (carbapenems). This is the first clinical report of surgical patients admitted to the surgical and anaesthesiology intensive care unit on the missing endotoxin release after imipenem treatment; however cefotaxime and ceftriaxone showed significantly more positive endotoxin tests in the plasma when compared to imipenem. Ciprofloxacin and vancomycin were intermediate in endotoxin release and tobramycin did not cause endotoxin release. There were also significant differences in endotoxin neutralizing capacity. IL-6 levels were decreased after imipenem faster than after ceftriaxone or cefotaxime; ciprofloxacin seemed to increase IL-6. Endotoxin may be harmful in patients where the immune system has been continuously challenged. Timing, dosage, or combination with other compounds as well as the effect of antibiotics on macrophages need to be tested in larger clinical trials. In this respect a consecutive study was started.
Soğuk stresinin arpa (hordeum vulgare L.) süperoksit dismutaz izoenzim aktiviteleri ve cu/znsod geninin ekspresyon seviyesi üzerine etkisi.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, effect of cold stress and recovery on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and the expression levels of Cu/ZnSOD gene were investigated in two barley cultivars (Tarm-92-winter type, Zafer-160-spring type). Eight days old barley seedlings were subjected to two different cold stresses; chilling stress at 4°C for 1, 3, 7 days and freezing stress at -3°C and -7°C. Analyses were performed both on leaf and root tissues. The SOD activities and isozyme patterns were determined by Native PAGE activity staining technique. Relative RT-PCR was used for the transcript levels of Cu/ZnSOD gene. The SOD activities and expression levels of control and cold stressed plants were compared by densitometric analysis. Under chilling stress, the activities of Cu/ZnSODx and Cu/ZnSOD2 did not have any significant change in leaf and root tissues of both cultivars. However, the expression levels of Cu/ZnSOD gene were more variable than activity results. After -3°C freezing stress, the activities of SOD enzyme in leaf tissues of Tarm-92 increased significantly, however, these activities significantly decreased in leaves of Zafer-160. These results suggested that both cultivars were not affected by chilling stress in terms of SOD enzyme activities and expression levels. Furthermore, under freezing stress conditions, the increment of SOD activities and expression levels in Zafer-160 was higher than Tarm-92. In conclusion, the changes in SOD isozyme activities and expression levels may not be enough for understanding of the cold stress mechanism. Therefore, further studies have to be carried on other antioxidant enzyme systems.
Covalently bound ribonucleotides in crab d(A-T) polymer.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In addition to the known 3% of G + C residues, samples of purified crab d(A-T) polymer from Cancer borealis contained small amounts (< 3%) of RNA. Aliquots of d(A-T)n were digested with crude venom, and the resultant nucleosides were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC); up to one-half of all guanosine was rG. Other aliquots were exhaustively digested with purified pancreatic DNase I to produce 88% dinucleotides. HPLC fractionation of this dinucleotide mixture into individual components revealed the presence of three mixed dinucleotides: -dC-rG, -dT-rA, and -dT-rG. A third aliquot of d(A-T)n was hydrolyzed overnight with 0.3 M KOH at 37 degrees C; approximately equal amounts of ribomononucleotides (predominantly containing purines) and deoxyribomononucleotides (predominantely containg thymine) were produced. KOH-hydrolyzable ribonucleotides accounted for one-third to one-half of the total RNA. The rest of the ribonucleotides remained with longer d-fragments, presumably as 3'(2')-terminal nucleotides (. . .d-d-d-rp). It was concluded that crab d(A-T) polymer from C. borealis contains 1 to 3% of dispersed, covalently bound ribonucleotides. The results also suggest that the sugar specificity of DNase I may be limited to a nucleotide following the cleavage.
Effects of water–nitrogen coupling on soil water and nitrogen, photosynthesis, yield and water use of lettuce under different application rates of poly‐γ‐glutamic acid

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract As an environmentally friendly, super water‐absorbable agent and fertilizer synergist, the influences of poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA) on soil N and crop photosynthesis are still not well understood. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of water–nitrogen coupling on soil water and nitrogen content, photosynthesis, yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of lettuce under different γ‐PGA application rates. In this study, there were three factors and four levels: γ‐PGA with four application levels of 0, 1, 2 and 4 g kg −1 ; the rates of urea were 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g kg −1 ; and the irrigation amounts were 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of the lettuce water requirement (ET c ). The results showed that within 8 days after sowing, the soil water and nitrogen (NO 3 − ‐N and NH 4 + ‐N) content increased with increasing γ‐PGA application rates. The amount of irrigation water and nitrogen application had an effect on IWUE, net photosynthetic rate ( P n ) and stomatal conductance ( G s ). Lettuce yield was significantly correlated with P n , G s and intercellular CO 2 concentration ( C i ) by path analysis. Moreover, the P2N2W3 treatment (γ‐PGA 2 g kg −1 , nitrogen 0.2 g kg −1 and 80% ET c ) was the most suitable treatment to obtain the highest lettuce yield and IWUE.
Relationship of depression and medications on incidence of falls among people with late effects of polio

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine if falls in polio survivors, with or without post-polio syndrome (PPS), are related to number of medications taken, use of anti-depressant or psychoactive medications, or self-report of depression. A survey was sent to 300 members of a regional polio support group, asking them to document their fall history, medications used, and the presence of depression. Depression was measured by self-report and with the Geriatric Depression Scale, short form (GDS-15). One hundred and seventy-two usable surveys were returned with 146 of those completing the medication list. Sixty-two percent reported at least one fall in the past year. The multiple logistic regression was significant (p = 0.023), and it indicated depression to be a significant predictor (p = 0.012) of falls in polio survivors with and without PPS. The number of total medications or anti-depressant or psychoactive medications used was not related to fall incidence. Routine screening and treatment for depression may be one aspect of fall prevention which can be implemented through primary care.