jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optofluidic single-cell absorption flow analyzer for point-of-care diagnosis of malaria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this work, an optofluidic flow analyzer, which can be used to perform malaria diagnosis at the point-of-care is demonstrated. The presented technique is based on quantitative optical absorption measurements carried out on a single cell level for a given population of Human Red Blood Cells (RBCs). By measuring the optical absorption of each RBC, the decrease in the Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in the cytoplasm of the cell due to the invasion of malarial parasite is detected. Cells are assessed on a single cell basis, as they pass through a microfluidic channel. The proposed technique has been implemented with inexpensive off-the-shelf components like laser diode, photo-detector and a micro-controller. The ability of the optofluidic flow analyzer to asses about 308,049 cells within 3 minutes has been demonstrated. The presented technique is capable of detecting very low parasitemia levels with high sensitivity.
The Vicissitudes of (Working) Life: Employee Economic Well-being, Risk Allocation and Indemnification

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Vicissitudes of (Working) Life: Employee Economic Well-being, Risk Allocation and Indemnification Get access Charles Wynn-Evans Charles Wynn-Evans Dechert LLP charles.wynn-evans@dechert.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Industrial Law Journal, dwad013, https://doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwad013 Published: 05 July 2023 Article history Accepted: 23 May 2023 Published: 05 July 2023
A Case Study on Pupils' Perceptions of Attending a Choral Class: You Get to Know One Another and Reach a Community

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Music activities can have a positive impact on pupils' schooling. It is therefore interesting to obtain more knowledge about pupils’ perceptions of different kinds of music activities in school and how these activities affect their schooling. The study was conducted in Sweden at a municipal elementary school where pupils are offered choral lessons three times a week in addition to regular teaching. The aim of the study was to obtain knowledge about pupils' perceptions of attending these choral classes. The results show that the choral singing creates a sense of togetherness. Pupils' learning becomes situated in a practice where everyone is expected to do their best and to contribute to a joint process. These circumstances make the attending pupils to describe their schooling as fun, developing, and instructive.
Beyond the Myth of Slimming: The Impact of Social Norms on Positive Body Image and Caloric Intake among Young Adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

How does the "thin ideal" social norm, which equates thinness with beauty, affect young people's body image and calorie intake? In one questionnaire survey and three intervention experiments (N = 612), we propose that people’s beliefs about the “thin ideal” social norm shape their positive body image and caloric intake. Specifically, we find that a stronger belief in the "thin ideal" was associated with a lower level of positive body image, with BMI self-discrepancy mediating this effect (Study 1). To address these misperceptions about the “thin ideal” social norm, we further evaluated social norm interventions, demonstrating their positive impact on positive body image and calorie intake. Since the role of injunctive social norm interventions was limited (Study 2), we adopted the more descriptive interventions and those incorporating role model factors (Study 3), with the latter showing longer-lasting effects (Study 4). These findings enhance understanding of the influence of the "thin ideal" social norm and suggest practical interventions for improving positive body image and health behaviors.
Temperature Dependence on Tensile Mechanical Properties of Sintered Silver Film

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates the influence of temperature on tensile mechanical properties of sintered silver (s-Ag) films with 8–10 μm in thickness for fundamental reliability design of semiconductor systems. The s-Ag film sintered under a pressure of 60 MPa possesses the porosity (p) around 5% determined from cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The stress–strain (S-S) curves of s-Ag and pure silver (p-Ag) films are obtained using originally designed uniaxial tensile tester at temperatures from 25 °C to 150 °C. The S-S curves of p-Ag indicate ductile behavior irrespective of temperature, whereas those of s-Ag indicate brittle-ductile transition at 120 °C. Compared with p-Ag, s-Ag possesses low Young’s modulus (E) and high ultimate tensile strength (UTS) below 80 °C. The mechanism of brittle-ductile transition is discussed based on fracture surface observation results.
Development cooperation and post-colonial critique: an investigation into the South Korean model

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the rise of the South–South Development Cooperation (SSDC), the international development community has entered into a new paradigm of development cooperation. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development – Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC) has had to consider what recently added members might have to offer, particularly South Korea given its dramatic transformation from official development assistance (ODA) recipient to donor. Post-colonial theory sees ODA as a system that reinforces the traditional hierarchy of North–South relations and reaffirms the hegemony of dominant countries; the SSDC has faced similar neo-colonial allegations. By employing post-colonial theory this paper investigates some neo-­colonial criticisms of the ODA activities of major OECD-DAC and SSDC providers, before turning its focus on those of South Korea to determine whether it does indeed offer an alternative strategy to development. The African region was chosen as the focus in light of the increased amount of aid South Korea has allocated to the region. This paper concludes by offering a different role South Korea might play engaging within the OECD-DAC/SSDC context.
Coherent transmission feasibility analysis

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper summarizes the results of a coherent transmission feasibility study which has been carried out for the coherent optical downlink from the German TerraSAR-X satellite. The receiver is located at an optical ground station. To evaluate the quality of the downlink experiment, effects of atmospheric refractive-index turbulence are investigated. By means of numerical simulations, the influence of turbulence on the communication system is analyzed. The simulated distorted complex field at the receiver is focused by means of a Fourier transform and superimposed on the local oscillator. The impact on the performance of a shot-noise-limited receiver is studied. This investigation showed that a mean bit error rate of 10-9 is achieved easily for all cases and turbulence conditions. The impact of phase-piston temporal fluctuations on the optical phase locked loop is investigated analytically. Beam motion with respect to the turbulence cells is taken into account. The calculated values for the additional residual phase noise due to the atmosphere are too small to cause significant deterioration of the receiver performance.
Risk perception, judgment and information processing: Evidence from experiments

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This thesis investigates the role of cognition in the broader field of agricultural and food economics. Three studies in the thesis each targets on one aspect of human behavior. Study 1 deals with non-standard belief. Using overconfidence and self-attribution, study 1 investigates how consumers react to temporary quality failure and perceive food safety risk depending on previous consumption experience. Results showed that people decrease the consumption when facing ambiguous signals regarding the food quality, but would not cease to eat altogether. Due to a taste of consistency, participants updated their risk perceptions and judgments based on their eating behaviors. Though experienced consumers picked up signals faster, their judgment was not better than those non-users due to a much stronger psychological bias. Study 2 deals with non-standard decision-making. Using psychological terms such as cognitive dissonance and confirmation bias, study 2 reveals how individual consumers inadequately process information, pay limited attention to signals, and make decisions bias towards their initial choices. Results suggested that consumer's judgment and information processing depend a lot on their initial beliefs or consumption status. They used higher bidding prices to justify previous behaviors and selectively paid attention to information in favor of their initial choices. In terms of market responses, due to psychological biases among consumers, demand curves were less possible to shift down under food safety risk. Study 3 deals with non-standard preference and its market responses. Results showed that asymmetric adverse incentive structure made a risk-averse loan officer inclined to reject loans to avoid risk of penalty. It provides micro explanations for macro level credit rationing phenomenon in the financial market. Lenders' reference-dependent utility under asymmetric adverse incentive structure broadens literature on institutional mechanism design to a behavioral scope.
Nonlinear flow response of flexible fibers driven by Stokes flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The fuzzy, flexible fibers attached to biological surfaces not only reduce drag but also undergo nonlinear deformation under shear flow, and the deformation of these fibers in turn affects fluid flow. This phenomenon is increasingly attracting attention. Due to the complexity of fluid–structure interaction problems, existing analytical solutions such as perturbation methods, integral solutions, and series expansions are still unable to fully address this issue. To tackle this problem, this paper uses COMSOL finite element software for numerical calculations, effectively simulating the interaction between fibers and fluid flow. The results show that this method matches experimental data within a certain velocity range, extending the scope of previous studies and confirming the −1/2 scaling law at higher velocities. Furthermore, the study explores the bending deformation of elastic fibers and the flow field under different fluid loads. This paper provides a new approach for using finite element simulations to model the nonlinear deformation of such fibers, along with visual analysis, which is applicable to similar fluid–structure interaction problems and can provide valuable insights for future scientific research and engineering applications.
Atypical Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Mimicking Intramedullary Tumor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In case of a fast progressive CM with atypical radiographic appearance initial decompression with inspection of the spinal cord and a short-term clinical follow-up with an MRI control might be the procedure of choice, if a clear diagnosis for a causative treatment cannot be made. In still suspicious cases, a biopsy could be considered to exclude a neoplastic or inflammatory process.
Engaging community health workers in maternal and infant death identification in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a pilot study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Engaging community health workers in a formalised death review process through verbal and social autopsy has been utilised in different settings to estimate the burden and causes of mortality, where civil registration and vital statistics systems are weak. This method has not been widely adopted. We piloted the use of trained community health workers (CHW) to investigate the extent of unreported maternal and infant deaths in Khayelitsha and explored requirements of such a programme and the role of CHWs in bridging gaps. Methods This was a mixed methods study, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods. Case identification and data collection were done by ten trained CHWs. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interview guides for key informant interviews, focus group discussions and informal conversations. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using a content analysis approach. Results Although more than half of the infant deaths occurred in hospitals ( n = 11/17), about a quarter that occurred at home ( n = 4/17) were unreported. Main causes of deaths as perceived by family members of the deceased were related to uncertainty about the quality of care in the facilities, socio-cultural and economic contexts where people lived and individual factors. Most unreported deaths were further attributed to weak facility-community links and socio-cultural practices. Fragmented death reporting systems were perceived to influence the quality of the data and this impacted on the number of unreported deaths. Only two maternal deaths were identified in this pilot study. Conclusions CHWs can conduct verbal and social autopsy for maternal and infant deaths to complement formal vital registration systems. Capacity development, stakeholder's engagement, supervision, and support are essential for a community-linked death review system. Policymakers and implementers should establish a functional relationship between community-linked reporting systems and the existing system as a starting point. There is a need for more studies to confirm or build on our pilot findings.
In Vitro Catabolism of Heterologous and Homologous Serum Albumin by Lysosomal Enzymes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The products of hydrolysis and reaction rates for the degradation of homologous and heterologous serum albumin by lysosomal enzymes from spleen and liver were compared. The products of the degradation of homologous and heterologous serum albumin are similar with the exception of the small peptides with a mol wt less than 1000. A greater quantity of these small peptides were found in the degradation of heterologous serum albumin. Liver lysosomal enzymes hydrolyze heterologous serum albumin more rapidly and to a greater extent than homologous serum albumin.
National charitable fundraising for the NHS, 1948–2023

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Whether charitable fundraising might play a part in funding Britain's ostensibly tax‐funded NHS has been a longstanding dilemma, which until recently has received only occasional scholarly attention. In 1946, Aneurin Bevan argued that one of the main goals of the reformed health care system was to liberate health care from the ‘caprice of private charity’. Seven decades later, NHS Charities Together's Urgent Covid‐19 Appeal became a powerful societal rallying cry in the health emergency of the pandemic and raised £150 million in the process. This paper draws together findings from new archival research, a witness seminar with key actors in the NHS charity sector, and qualitative research based on interviews with NHS charity staff and trustees ( N = 13), all conducted between 2021 and 2023. We investigate the way in which national appeals have been proposed, debated and implemented at different times in the NHS's history. We trace the recurrence of conflicting ideas about the acceptability of national fundraising for the NHS, about whether public loyalties are to their local services or the national ‘brand’ and about the introduction of national appeals into a complex ecology of local NHS charities. The history of charitable fundraising for the NHS is, we argue, neither a simple story of spontaneous public generosity, nor often of formal policy reform, but is an artefact of more complex dynamics between a changing cast of local and national actors over the last 75 years.
Report of the 3rd working group meeting on optimization of fishing pressure in the Northeast Atlantic, Rhode Island March 2018

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Global fisheries catches can be increased in a sustainable way after rebuilding of fish populations, if ecosystem functioning is considered. A central biological reference point for fisheries management, Fmsy, the fishing pressure that gives the maximum sustainable yield, has been re-evaluated taking into account ecosystem functioning. This has been done for the main commercial fish stocks of the Northeast Atlantic. The new Fmsy values can replace the current values right away in fisheries management. Report of the 3rd working group meeting in Rhode Island 2018.
&lt;i&gt;Energy and Water Use Analysis for the Greenbox System in Comparison with the Traditional Greenhouse&lt;/i&gt;

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. A greenbox horticultural system has been recently proposed and developed by VECNA (Cambridge, MA) and University of Connecticut (Storrs, CT) for intensive urban agriculture. It uses urban warehouses to house and operate many individual grow boxes, named greenboxes, and for each of boxes the climate is automatically controlled to provide the optimum growing conditions for specific plant species. This study was conducted to analyze the energy and water use of the newly proposed greenbox system, in comparison with a specific greenhouse. Energy and mass balance equations were applied to generate dynamic simulation models for both structures. Head lettuce was selected to be the crop for our analysis. The Penman-Monteith equation was adopted to estimate the evapotranspiration rate (ET) as a function of the environment conditions at any time during the growing season. The energy uses included all the heating, cooling, lighting, irrigating, and operational usage to provide and maintain the similar growth environment for the crop in both structures for a complete growing season. Water uses for both structures were mainly the accumulative amount of ET that got lost during the growing season. Analysis then was made to compare the energy and water use between the two systems subjected to winter and summer climates for the same amount of lettuce production. The results of this study demonstrated the water use of the greenbox system was always less than that of the greenhouse in both seasons. The energy use efficiency of the greenbox was lower in summer and higher in winter, in comparison with the greenhouse. Considering the limitations in land and water in urban areas, the greenbox system is shown to be a promising alternative facility for intensive horticultural production for people in highly populated urban areas.
Managing neutrality, rapport, and antiracism in qualitative interviews

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines interviewers? practices in managing conflicting institutional expectations of neutrality and rapport in interview interaction which are complicated by the normative expectation of antiracism. By applying conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis to sequences of interaction after interviewees? possibly racist talk, we demonstrate that the interviewer deploys various interactional resources to orient to antiracism, while maintaining a neutralistic stance and sustaining rapport with interviewees. The interviewer?s orientation towards antiracism becomes more explicit as the interactions unfold. We argue that these practices are both constrained and enabled by the unique institutional features of qualitative interviews. Implications for research on race using interview data are also discussed.
Vision based tracking system for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with monocular camera

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) provides wide applications for military and special operations, and computer vision programming plays a significant role in the development of UAV studies. This project presents an image based system of moving object recognition and tracking in real time with monocular camera. The first part is to design a fast circle detector implemented with Hough Circle Transform algorithm and provide a general structure of computer vision design using OpenCV library. The second part presents the main program design for this topic. The system can capture the target image use camera and provide image recognition and tracking functions based on the video frames. Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) is an algorithm for image recognition to detect and represent local features in images. It is a new efficient algorithm and applied to the image processing part of the program to complete the image capture and recognition functions.
The study of the production of nitric oxide in β-Amyloid1-42 stimulated microglia in vitro

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective:To explore the production of nitric oxide(NO) in β-Amyloid1-42 stimulated microglia in vitro.(Methods:We) cultured murine microglia BV-2 cells as the model of microglia in vitro.The production of nitric oxide(NO) and the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) were studied in Aβ 1-42 stimulated BV-2 microglia.iNOS protein expression was examined by flow cytometry.Results:NO production was induced by Aβ1-42 in a dose and time dependent manner,Aβ1-42 can also increase iNOS activity and iNOS protein expression in a dose and time dependent manner.iNOS maybe the main source of NO production.Conclusions:On exposure to Aβ microglia can secrete NO,which may trigger pathways of neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease.amyloid beta-protein;microglia;nitric oxide
Family System and Family Functioning: Circumplex Model and FACES IV

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the interrelationships between students' perceptions of their family of origin systems and their reports of family quality and stress in a sample of 118 Australian first-year students taking Psychology at the University of Sydney. The main measure adopted in this study was a new instrument (FACES IV) developed by Judith Tiesel and David Olson (1997) and applied by them to assess dimensions and predictions associated with Olson's Circumplex Model of Family Systems. In the present study, families classified as generally extreme or unbalanced in their type of family system were found to be significantly lower in family quality and higher in family stress than families classified as balanced. More specifically, multiple regression analyses indicated that family quality was best predicted by family disengagement and family rigidity, and family stress by family chaos. The linear relationships found in this Australian study are consistent with the findings reported in a recent study using FACES IV with a North American sample (Tiesel & Olson, 1997).