jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Leptodactylus latrans Steffen 1815

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Leptodactylus latrans (Steffen, 1815), revalidated, new combination (Figures 2–3) Rana latrans Steffen, 1815. Neotype: MNRJ 30733, adult male (Figure 2), collected at Vale dos Agriões (22o25’S, 42o58’W, approx. 900 m above sea level), Municipality of Teresópolis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on 18 September 1999, by U. Caramaschi, H. de Niemeyer, and D. F. de Moraes Jr. mtDNA sequence data GenBank accession number AY669856. Description of the neotype: Adult male, with strongly hypertrophied arms. Robust build; head wider than long, HL 88.8% of HW, HL 34.9% of SVL, HW 39.3% of SVL. Snout rounded viewed from above (Fig. 3 A), obtuse in profile (Fig. 3 B); canthus rostralis indistinct, rounded; loreal region oblique, slightly concave. Nostrils closer to tip of snout than to eyes; internarial distance smaller than eye to nostril distance and eye diameter. Eye to nostril distance larger than eye diameter, upper eyelid width, interorbital distance, and tympanum diameter. Upper eyelid width equals the interorbital distance and the internarial distance, and smaller than tympanum diameter. Tympanum circular, annulus distinct, thick; tympanum largely separated from eye, its diameter slightly smaller than eye diameter, TD 97.7% of ED. Upper eyelid, head, and dorsal skin smooth; a thick supratympanic fold from the posterior corner of eye, arching downwards posteriorly to tympanum, and reaching the dorsal region of the arm articulation; a thick, longitudinally elongated bucal post–commissural fold; eight dorsolateral folds disposed four on each side of the body, consisting of one dorsal from the posterior interocular region to the urostyle region, one dorsolateral from the posterior corner of eye to groin, and two lateral, one above, relatively short, from the shoulder region to groin, and one below, from the posterior corner of eye to groin; small tubercles, approximately aligned, between the posterior half of the dorsal folds; flanks barely rugose; ventral skin smooth; a small granular seat patch under thighs; anal region not modified; dorsal and ventral surfaces of arms smooth; a weak, crenulated crest along the posterior line of the ventral surface of forearm; dorsal surface of thighs and tibiae with many small, approximately aligned, horny tubercles. Vocal sac poorly developed, subgular, unique but slightly bilobed; no lateral vocal folds. Vocal slits present; vomerine teeth in two transverse series almost contacting medially, laying between and just posterior to choanae. Tongue large, free, slightly notched behind. Hand (Fig. 3 C) with fingers slender, not webbed, tips rounded, not expanded; weak lateral ridges present; finger lengths V
Delay sensitivity analysis of scaled BiCMOS/CMOS/ECL circuits

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The speed sensitivity of the BiCMOS, CMOS and ECL inverter circuits to changes in the key MOS/BJT device parameters is analyzed. The study of BiCMOS circuit takes into account the changes in the forward transit time, the knee current, the collector resistance, the base resistance, and the current gain of the bipolar transistor and the channel width and length, threshold voltage and the oxide thickness of the MOS transistor.
Political Decay and Political Arcadianism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

An account of evil in classical political theory is the concept of evil government. The notion of political decay from good to evil government or to anarchy, the absence of government, among classical political theorists represents both a moral and a political problem. This essay argues that political decay remains a perennial problem because the political condition itself involves the seeds to its own destruction. Moreover, it is claimed that the nostalgic longing to a glorious past for nations or peoples risks turning into what is here labelled ‘political arcadianism’, fostering futile attempts to return to past conditions. The argument is that political arcadianism when focusing on the imagined past rather than the present is a possible cause of political decay.
Sharing Teaching Ideas: What Do We Mean By Area And Perimeter?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The use of formulas is the focus of most units on area and perimeter. This focus assumes that students have developed a basic understanding of the concepts of area and perimeter prior to high school. I have discovered that this assumption is not valid. The following lesson was designed to reveal misconceptions about the relationship between area and perimeter. It is a powerful way to begin working on these important ideas.
THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR, MS-275, SENSITIZES METASTATIC OSTEOSARCOMA TO FASL-INDUCED CELL DEATH: A ROLE FOR C-FLIP

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor, MS-275, on the Fas signaling pathway and susceptibility of osteosarcoma (OS) to Fas ligand (FasL)-induced cell death. OS metastasizes almost exclusively to the lungs. We have shown that Fas expression in OS cells is inversely correlated with their metastatic potential. Fas+ cells are rapidly eliminated when they enter the lungs via interaction with FasL, which is constitutively expressed in the lungs. Fas- OS cells escape this FasL-induced apoptosis and survive in the lung microenvironment. Moreover, upregulation of Fas in established OS lung metastases results in tumor regression. Therefore, agents that upregulate Fas expression or activate the Fas signaling pathway may have therapeutic potential.\nTreatment of Fas- metastatic OS cell lines with 2 μM MS-275 sensitized cells to FasL-induced cell death in vitro. We found that MS-275 did not alter the expression of Fas on the cell surface; rather it resulted in increased levels of Fas within the membrane lipid rafts, as demonstrated by an increase in Fas expression in detergent insoluble lipid raft fractions. We further demonstrated that following MS-275 treatment, Fas colocalized with GM1+ lipid rafts and that there was a decrease in c-FLIP (cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein) mRNA and protein. Downregulation of c-FLIP correlated with caspase activation and apoptosis induction. Transfection of cells with shRNA to c-FLIP also resulted in the localization of Fas to lipid rafts. These studies indicate that MS-275 sensitizes OS cells to FasL by upregulating the expression of Fas in membrane lipid rafts, which correlated with the downregulation of c-FLIP. \nTreatment of nu/nu-mice with established OS lung metastases with oral MS-275 resulted in increased apoptosis, a significant inhibition of c-FLIP expression in tumors and tumor regression. Histopathological examination of mice showed no significant organ toxicity. Overall, these results suggest that the mechanism by which MS-275 sensitizes OS cells and lung metastases to FasL-induced cell death may be by a reduction in the expression of c-FLIP.
Convection cells and segregation in a vibrated granular bed

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Granular materials may be circulated in a container with two symmetric convection cells under external vertical vibration conditions. Effects of the container geometry on the convection strength and segregation process are studied experimentally. First, the wall tilted outward angles are changed to observe the direction of the convection roll and convection strength. The strength of the normal convection rolls decreases by increasing the wall angles of the container from 0° (vertical walls). The convection rolls become reversed when the wall tilted outward angles are greater than a transition angle. The wall roughness and vibration velocity amplitude are also changed to investigate their influences on the convection cell strength. The segregation of a larger disk induced by the convection cells of smaller disks shows that the normal convection rolls induce the upward motion of the larger disk, and the reverse convection rolls result in the downward motion of the larger disk. The separation velocity increases linearly with the convection flow rate.
Daily Sleep Patterns Observed Among Institutionalized Elderly Residents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The sleep/wake patterns of 16 institutionalized demented women were visually monitored hourly for 14 consecutive days. Individual mean total sleep time varied markedly from 5.0 to 12.1 hours per 24 hours. Unexpectedly, amounts of day sleep and night sleep correlated positively, suggesting a general sleep tendency manifested throughout the 24‐hour day. Consistent individual sleep patterns and high inter‐day correlations were found. A high degree of individuality in the sleep/wake patterns was also found, contrary to expectations that elderly obtain less sleep than others. Night sleep in the institutionalized elderly was not lessened by daytime sleep. Visual monitoring of sleep/wake patterns generated reliable data.
Synthetic Anomaly Dataset of Photovoltaic Power Generation

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This dataset contains normal power generation time series of real Photovoltaic(PV) sites with corresponding irradiation time series and environmental temperature time series. Synthetic anomaly time series based on the normal time series with 6 types of anomalies, such as "spike", "low value", "long time no output", "shading", "cloudy" and "snowy". These anomaly types involve facility failure and adverse weather conditions. This dataset can serve to evaluate the anomaly detection performance specifically for PV power yield time series under various environmental conditions.
IDDF2020-ABS-0200 Impact of rising prevalence of metabolic comorbidities on accuracy of hepatocellular carcinoma risk score in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving antiviral therapy: A territory-wide cohort of 31,953 treated patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are getting older with the rising prevalence of metabolic comorbidities. We examined its impact on the performance of PAGE-B score among treated CHB patients.

Methods

Adult CHB patients who had received entecavir or tenofovir for at least 6 months in 2005–2018 were identified in Hong Kong. Diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension and dyslipidaemia were identified based on diagnosis codes, laboratory measurements, and medication uses. Performance of PAGE-B score on 5-year HCC prediction was assessed by area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and the score's cut-off values were evaluated by survival analysis.

Results

Of 31,953 identified CHB patients, there was a trend of rising prevalence of metabolic comorbidities over the three periods (2005–2009, 2010–2014, and 2015-June 2018): hypertension 34.2%, 40.3%, and 43.0%; DM 15.2%, 20.0%, and 21.6%; and dyslipidaemia 46.6%, 55.7%, and 62.5%, respectively (all P<0.001). The AUROC (95% CI) of PAGE-B score to predict HCC at 5 years was comparable across the three periods: 0.78 (0.75–0.80), 0.77 (0.76–0.79), and 0.75 (0.72–0.78), respectively (P=0.334). Overall, 6,373 (19.9%) patients had DM. At a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 5.0 (3.5–5.0) years, 543 (8.5%) and 1270 (5.0%) patients with and without DM developed HCC. The AUROC (95% CI) of PAGE-B score to predict HCC at 5 years was lower in DM patients (0.68 [0.66–0.70]) than in non-DM patients (0.79 [0.78–0.80]) (P<0.001). 651 (10.2%) DM patients were classified as low risk; their 5-year HCC cumulative incidence (95% CI) was 2.1% (1.1%-3.6%), which is higher than the threshold of cost-effective HCC surveillance suggested by international clinical guideline, i.e. 0.2% annually. 6,536 (25.6%) non-DM patients were classified as low risk; their 5-year HCC cumulative incidence (95% CI) was 0.5% (0.4%-0.7%) (figure 1).

Conclusions

PAGE-B score is accurate across the years to predict HCC, yet has a lower performance in DM patients. HCC risk persists and HCC surveillance is still cost-effective in DM patients classified as low risk by PAGE-B score.
Re: A Randomized Prospective Double-Blind Comparison Trial of Clomiphene Citrate and Anastrozole in Raising Testosterone in Hypogonadal Infertile Men

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Apr 2016Re: A Randomized Prospective Double-Blind Comparison Trial of Clomiphene Citrate and Anastrozole in Raising Testosterone in Hypogonadal Infertile Men Craig NiederbergerMD Craig NiederbergerCraig Niederberger View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.01.028AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 2016 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 195Issue 4 Part 1April 2016Page: 1075-1077 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Craig Niederberger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Effect of chemical and bio-fertilizers on productivity, profitability and quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) in Vertisols

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2009–10 and 2010–11 on clay loam soils at Kota (Rajasthan) to find out optimum dose of chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers for increasing the productivity, profitability and quality of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss]. Application of 100% RDF(N80P17.5S60) + seed inoculation with Azotobacter+ PSB (AP) significantly increased number of primary and secondary branches/plant, number of siliquae/plant, test weight, seed and stover yield, net returns (37200/ha), B: C ratio (2.64), oil content and oil yield (1,034 kg/ha) over control. Maximum uptake of nutrients (NPS) was recorded with 100% RDF + AP, in seed and stover over rest of the fertility levels. The next best fertility treatment was 100% RDF or 75% RDF + biofertilizers.
Testing the expectations hypothesis of the term structure of interest rate: the case of Ghana

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study examines the expectations hypothesis (EH) using data from Ghana. It tests the EH by using the long-short rate spread to predict future movements in short-term interest rates and the forward-spot spread to predict changes in the spot rate. It finds that the Ghanaian term structure partly contains information for future changes in the short-term interest rates though the relation is not one-to-one. It suggests that market participants and policymakers may have to be cautious in relying on the Ghanaian term structure for their various purposes such as the conduct of monetary policy and investment decisions.
B–F Bond Distance of Boron Trifluoride Determined by Gas Electron Diffraction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The B–F bond distance rg of BF3 was determined by gas electron diffraction to be 1.3133±0.0010 Å. The corresponding rotational constant B0 was calculated to be 0.3449±0.0006 cm−1 from the rg distance by the use of the theory of rotation—vibration interaction. This value was consistent with the rotational fine structure of the v2 infrared band reported by Nielsen, when slight changes in his J assignments were made. The reanalysis of his spectral data led to B0=0.3449 cm−1 and DJ=(4.1±0.4)×10−7 cm−1. The latter constant was in good agreement with the theoretical estimate, 4.13×10−7 cm−1. The zero-point average distance, rz(B–F), of BF3 was thus determined from the diffraction and infrared experiments to be 1.3112±0.001 Å.
www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Article The C-Terminal Region of G72 Increases D-Amino Acid Oxidase Activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract: The schizophrenia-related protein G72 plays a unique role in the regulation of D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) in great apes. Several psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are linked to overexpression of DAO and G72. Whether G72 plays a positive or negative regulatory role in DAO activity, however, has been controversial. Exploring the molecular basis of the relationship between G72 and DAO is thus important to understand how G72 regulates DAO activity. We performed yeast two-hybrid experiments and determined enzymatic activity to identify potential sites in G72 OPEN ACCESS Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15 30
Lyotard’s Infancy: A Debt that Persists

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the notion of infancy in the work of Jean-François Lyotard as a state of unadorned openness and receptiveness to sensorial affect. It identifies debt and reparation as the conceptual thread running throughout his exploration. The purpose of the paper is to explore the dimensions of the “debt” infancy demands of a body that is open to the touch of sensorial affect, and the concomitant requirement to pay in some way for this openness and affectivity. The first section considers debt in terms of an obligation to honor the infant state. The second section considers the violent price a body must pay for harboring its own infancy, and the final section considers the payment of affect as the cost the infant body must bear.
Unusual Late Complication of Latissimus Dorsi Free Flap Donor Site: Elastofibroma Dorsi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: In existing literature about elastofibroma dorsi (ED), no cases reported ED arising after latissimus dorsi flap harvest. Concretely, we present a patient who developed an ED at latissimus dorsi free flap donor site 10 years after harvesting. After our research, we found the occurrence of ED after thoracotomy surgery, stressing the importance of previous local trauma. Latissimus dorsi flap harvest is also a local traumatic episode, although its association with ED has not been previously reported. Thus, ED should be considered in the differential diagnosis of deep soft tissue lumps after latissimus dorsi harvest.
Agricultural Biotechnology: Representative Federalism and Regulatory Capacity in the United States and European Union

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The conflict over genetically modified foods and crops in many ways exemplifies the divide that separates Americans and Europeans on a variety of issues. Whereas US regulators have adopted a promotional approach to agricultural biotechnology, seeking to develop the commercial potential of this new technology, European officials have adopted a precautionary stance toward the potentially unknown risks of genetic modification. For some, these divergent approaches reflect different perceptions about science and technology or cultural associations with food and the environment on either side of the Atlantic.
Robot-Based Procedure for 3D Reconstruction of Abdominal Organs Using the Iterative Closest Point and Pose Graph Algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image-based 3D reconstruction enables robot-assisted interventions and image-guided navigation, which are emerging technologies in laparoscopy. When a robotic arm guides a laparoscope for image acquisition, hand–eye calibration is required to know the transformation between the camera and the robot flange. The calibration procedure is complex and must be conducted after each intervention (when the laparoscope is dismounted for cleaning). In the field, the surgeons and their assistants cannot be expected to do so. Thus, our approach is a procedure for a robot-based multi-view 3D reconstruction without hand–eye calibration, but with pose optimization algorithms instead. In this work, a robotic arm and a stereo laparoscope build the experimental setup. The procedure includes the stereo matching algorithm Semi Global Matching from OpenCV for depth measurement and the multiscale color iterative closest point algorithm from Open3D (v0.19), along with the multiway registration algorithm using a pose graph from Open3D (v0.19) for pose optimization. The procedure is evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively on ex vivo organs. The results are a low root mean squared error (1.1–3.37 mm) and dense point clouds. The proposed procedure leads to a plausible 3D model, and there is no need for complex hand–eye calibration, as this step can be compensated for by pose optimization algorithms.
ARHGAP25, a novel Rac GTPase-activating protein, regulates phagocytosis in human neutrophilic granulocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Members of the Rac/Rho family of small GTPases play an essential role in phagocytic cells in organization of the actin cytoskeleton and production of toxic oxygen compounds. GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) decrease the amount of the GTP-bound active form of small GTPases, and contribute to the control of biologic signals. The number of potential Rac/RhoGAPs largely exceeds the number of Rac/Rho GTPases and the expression profile, and their specific role in different cell types is largely unknown. In this study, we report for the first time the properties of full-length ARHGAP25 protein, and show that it is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells, and acts as a RacGAP both in vitro and in vivo. By silencing and overexpressing the protein in neutrophil model cell lines (PLB-985 and CosPhoxFcγR, respectively) and in primary macrophages, we demonstrate that ARHGAP25 is a negative regulator of phagocytosis acting probably via modulation of the actin cytoskeleton.
Computational Modelling of Continuous Casting

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Computer simulations of fluid flow and heat transfer phenonmena in a continuous casting process with direct-chill (DC) boundary conditions are presented and discussed in this paper. The investigation is limited to a steady-state, two-dimensional axisymmetric system, used for DC continuous casting of a zero-freezing-range aluminum-magnesium alloy (A6063). An adaptive-grid numerical method is used in these simulations. The grid is designed to delineate the solid-liquid interface using a structured adaptation technique. The fluid flow and thermal fields are predicted using a control-volume finite element (CVFEM). Comparisons of the calculated solid-liquid interface geometries with those reported in earlier experimental and numerical studies are presented in this paper. In addition, the role of natural convection in this casting process is investigated and presented.