jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
O12 Reversion to baseline microbiome following successful course of exclusive enteral nutrition in paediatric Crohn’s disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

To characterise the microbiome composition and functionality in paediatric Crohn's disease (CD) patients during a course of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) and subsequent food-reintroduction

Methods

CD patients were recruited between August 2014-June 2016. Patients were treated with an 8 wk course of EEN. Clinical disease activity was defined using the weighted paediatric Crohn's disease activity index (wPCDAI). Serial faecal samples were collected prior to EEN, at 30d and 56d of EEN, and two further samples were collected post-EEN (17d and 52d) during food re-introduction (FR). Microbiome was assessed by 16s rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 region performed on the MiSeq (Illumina). Community structure was resolved at 97% similarity operational taxonomic unit (OTU). Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were quantified with gas chromatography and are expressed in µmol/g. Faecal calprotectin (FC) was measured using the CALPROLAB0170 (ALP) (Lysaker, Norway) ELISA kit. Continuous data are present as mean and standard deviation unless otherwise stated.

Results

66 CD patients were recruited (Female 25; age 13.4 yr). Clinical remission (wPCDAI<12.5) was achieved in 41 (62%). During EEN there was an increase in Shannon diversity (start: 0.3 [0.22] vs 30d EEN: 0.48 [0.2], p<0.001; vs 56d EEN: 0.43 [0.27], p=0.05). During FR these indices did not change. Based on β-diversity dispersion analysis, estimated using Bray-Curtis distance, EEN induced clear alterations to the microbiome. Permutation ANOVA was used to identify significant changes to the microbiome during EEN. Most of the change that occurred was apparent within the first 4 weeks of treatment with R2: 4.7%, (p=0.001) and by the end of EEN R2: 3.2%, (p=0.001). In patients to enter remission using EEN, we observed a quick reversion in the microbiome composition to that of pretreatment (p=0.23). Assessing the metabolic activity of the microbiome we observed a significant decrease in the concentration of acetate (start: 423.6 [183.6], end: 224.9 [101.5]; p< 0.001), propionate (start: 93.8 [50.6], end: 55.7 [27.3]; p< 0.001) and butyrate (start: 95.0 [64.2], end: 41.0 [50.7]; p< 0.001). During FR, there was a rapid reversion in levels of acetate and propionate (acetate EEN end: 224.9 [101.5] vs 17d FR: 362.4 [179.7]; p=0.003; propionate EEN end: 55.7 [27.3] vs 17d FR: 93.0 [46.9]; p=0.002). Faecal calprotectin significantly decreased during EEN (start: 1402.4 [586.3]; 4wk EEN: 877.5 [593.1], p<0.001; 8wk EEN: 720 [664], p<0.001) and was quickly reversed during food re-introduction (17d FR: 1025 [603], p=0.025; 52d FR: 1105 [651], p=0.003)

Conclusions

EEN induces specific effects on faecal microbiome and markers of functional activity. This is characterised by a reduction in metabolic activity during EEN, with reversion to pre-EEN state during food re-introduction paralleling an elevation of faecal calprotectin
Root growth, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of mango seedlings influence by foliar spray of growth substances

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present investigation was carried out at Regional Horticultural Research Station, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during 2019-2020. An experiment consisted of thirteen treatments viz., GA3 (100 and 200 mg l-1), BA (50 and 100 mg l-1), NAA (50 and 100 mg l-1), Novel organic liquid nutrients (1 and 2%), Sea weed extract (1 and 2%), Urea (0.5 and 1%) and control. Above growth substances applied thrice at 3rd, 4th and 5th months after sowing of mango stones. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and repeated thrice. The results of present investigation revealed that, there was a significant difference on growth of mango seedling due to foliar spray of growth substances at 3rd, 4th and 5th months after sowing of mango stones. Among the different treatments, the maximum the length of the longest root at 8th MAS (52.67 cm), girth of the longest root (2.35 mm), fresh and dry weight of mango seedling (52.97 and 15.67 g, respectively) were recorded in GA3 @ 200 mg l-1 treatment. While, maximum number of roots at 8th MAS (7.47) was noted in BA @ 100 mg l-l treatment. Foliar application of NAA @ 100 mg l-l on mango seedling recorded maximum leaf area at 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th MAS (56.79, 58.42, 60.62, 62.66 and 65.22 cm2, respectively). While, all the growth characters of mango seedlings were recorded significantly minimum in control.
Automatic calibration of powder diffraction experiments using two-dimensional detectors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Calibration of powder diffraction experiments using area detectors is essential to extract high quality one-dimensional powder diffraction pattern. Precise calibration necessitates a sensible characterization of the Debye-Scherrer rings formed on the detector plane. An algorithm, designed and developed to automate this process, is described in this paper. All the parameters required for an experimental calibration are extracted using robust pattern recognition techniques. Several image preprocessing methods are employed, reducing the computational cost but retaining high signal quality. A modified version of a one-dimensional Hough transformation is used to determine the final parameters of the ellipses. After extraction, the parameters are optimized using nonlinear least squares fit. The presented algorithm is insensitive to image artefacts and was successfully applied to a large number of calibration images. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated by the comparison of results obtained from the presented automatic calibration method and an existing manual method.
Modelling of switching transients in a GTO bridge inverter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A practical investigation, with some simplified supporting analysis, into the transient overvoltages induced across the stray circuit inductances by fast device switching in high power GTO thyristor circuits has previously been reported by Hall and Al Hakim (see IEE conf. publ. 291, p.103-6, 1988). The extension of that work into a full circuit model for the H-bridge inverter with inductive load is described. Not only is balanced device switching included, but also the practical effects of timing mismatch at GTO turnoff, and in the diode reverse recovery characteristics. Further practical results which relate to both quasi square and PWM control are presented, and compared with the computed results.<
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Effect of epimedium granule on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells MCF-7 in vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To explore the effects of Epimedium granule on the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Methods Human estradiol-dependent breast cancer MCF-7 cells were grown in RPMI1640 medium. The different doses of Epimedium granule alone or combined with tamoxifen (TAM) were added into the culture medium, and 17-estradiol, TAM were also added to culture medium as control groups. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of MCF-7 under the different conditions of interventions. Results The influences of cell growth were different with the different concentrations of Epimedium. The stimulatory effect of Epimedium at 10-7 mol/l concentrations were weak and there was no significant differences between epimedium granule and the blank control (P0.05). On the other hand, epimedium shows little stimulatory effect on the proliferation of MCF-7 when its concentration was at 10-6 mol/l (P0.05), but the effect was weaker than 17-estradiol(P0.05). Epimedium at various concentrations combined with TAM show no effect on the proliferation of breast cancer cells (P0.05). Conclusion These data suggest that Epimedium combined with TAM has no significant effect on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells; On the other hand, Epimedium at the concentration of 10-6 mol/l maybe have estrogen-like activity but can be inhibited by TAM. The results of the study can provide experimental evidence for Epimedium applied in breast cancer survivors and suggest that Epimedium is safety to be used in clinic, especially in those women with ER(+) and receiving therapy of TAM. But further studies should be carried out about correct usage include dosage and duration and so on.
A Wirelist Compare Program for Verifying VLSI Layouts

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We will describe a wirelist compare program that, together with a VLSI node extractor, is used to verify VLSI IC layout connectivity. Engineers at Digital Equipment Corporation have successfully used this tool in a production environment to debug layout errors. The program is based on a graph isomorphism algorithm and provides graphical and textual guides to pinpoint errors. We will examine this algorithm, its error outputs, and provide run-time statistics.
I'M ALWAYS TOUCHED BY YOUR PRESENCE, DEAR: BLONDIE ALBUM COVERS AND THE CONCEPT OF PRESENCE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Often, works of art are praised for their “presence”. What exactly this term means, however, is less frequently specified. In this article, presence is defined as a trait of an artwork to cause the vague and possibly subconscious feeling in a viewer that a depicted figure is a living being that is really there, although the viewer is aware that this is not actually the case. By means of an extensive literature review, this article provides criteria for the assessment of presence in any work of art. A methodology for applying these criteria is presented, which is put to the test by assessing the degree of presence in the cover art of the New Wave band Blondie's first six albums (1976-1982). The results of this analysis are then compared to two test samples: other New Wave album covers, and Heavy Metal covers.
Unilateral sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis: A case report with color Doppler ultrasonogram findings

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the sternoclavicular joint and upper ribs. There is a strong association with seronegative spondyloarthropathy in which bilateral involvement is common. Ultrasonography and Color Doppler findings of this entity have not been described previously, to the best of our knowledge. We describe the findings in a patient of ankylosing spondylitis who was referred for unilateral sternoclavicular joint swelling.
When Hershey met Betty: love, lust and co‐branding

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper seeks to present a cultural approach to co‐branding. The purpose here is to discuss issues concerning the phenomena of brand and branding with particular focus on the mythological narratives that are at stake in a brand. Design/methodology/approach This paper conducts a case analysis of a co‐branded product. Provides both a managerial and a cultural reading of the co‐brand in question, before proceeding to make a “neo‐Freudian” analysis of the potentially transgressive meanings involved in the co‐branding in question. This is done not so much to produce an authoritative reading of the cultural and commercial sign of the co‐brand as to make a bold leap and provide a daring reading of a seemingly innocent co‐branded product. Findings Through the case study of the co‐branded product, the vast amount of cultural meanings that goes beyond the sets of brand identities proposed by the brand managers is explored. Discusses the limitations of traditional strategic branding models and suggests a certain degree of humility towards the mysterious and spiritual forces when trying to exploit mythological levels of social meanings and narratives in the branding process. Practical implications For brand managers who seek to co‐operate with other brands in the marketplace, this paper offers an argument for the almost limitless potential of symbolic dimensions that are inextricably linked to combining brand universes. By doing so, a more comprehensive understanding of the meaning management for co‐branded products and potentially a more successful outcome of the branding process may be achieved. Originality/value In addition to existing research, this paper illustrates that the practice of co‐branding involves a play with symbolic forces that can be unpredictable and difficult to control for a brand manager. This finding has implications for the degree to which one can expect to be able to manage the social communication processes generated from a co‐branded product.
Seeing Quantised Polaritons without Condensation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Exciton polaritons in high quality semiconductor microcavities can travel long macroscopic distances (>100μm) due to their ultra-light effective mass. The polaritons are repelled from the optically-pumped exciton reservoirs where they are formed, however their spatial dynamics is not as expected for point-like particles. Instead we show polaritons emitted into waveguides travel orthogonally to the repulsive potential gradient, and can only be explained if they are emitted as macroscopic delocalised quantum particles, even before they form Bose condensates.
10305 Experimental Study on Vortex Breakdown in a Cylindrical Container with Free Surface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Experimental study was carried out on the vortex breakdown in a cylindrical container with free surface. Swirling flow was driven by the rotation of the bottom endwall disk. Meridional flow was visualized by means of the fluorescein sodium dye technique. Various formations of one axis bubble, two axis bubbles, one axis bubble attached to the free surface, two axis bubbles with the upstream one attached to the free surface, ring vortex etc. were observed. Critical boundaries for various type vortex breakdowns and boundary between steady and unsteady flows were also shown for the combination of Reynolds number based on the rotation of the bottom endwall and the aspect ratio of the depth of working fluid to the radius of the container. Comparison with the previous experimental and numerical results is discussed.
Readers and "misreadings" of Brand (1866)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Scholars do not seem to come to terms with Brand’s role in Ibsen’s career as a playwright. While the importance of Brand is widely accepted, the play is at the same time said to be the most misunderstood of all Ibsen’s plays. The argument goes that Norway’s “heavy and provincial” intellectual atmosphere at the time created a barrier for Ibsen, and that only after being recognized outside Norway did the play get acceptance among Norwegians. Ibsen himself contributes to this conception in his famous letter to Brandes from 26 June 1869, where he complains about how Brand has been misunderstood. This article challenges the impression that Brand was not accepted or understood by the Norwegians in the 1860s. We approach the subject via three different angles. Firstly, by reading the reviews of Brand from the 1860s, we see that the critics respected the play and its artistic qualities beyond doubt. Secondly, a look at how the play was received in the public shows that not only was Brand a great commercial success, it also became the prime subject of discussion, both in private and public settings. Finally, I read Ibsen’s letter in light of some dominating intellectual currents in Norway at the time, and ask: Are there alternative ways of interpreting Ibsen’s allegations about being misunderstood? Could it be that one should pay less attention to Ibsen’s break with Norway and more to how the authorship was connected to social, intellectual, religious and financial currents within the Norwegian community at the time?
Heritage as Weapon: Contested Geographies of Conservation and Culture in the Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area, India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mountains are one of the last refuges of biodiversity worldwide. As the global discourse on nature conservation becomes prominent within sustainability debates and local populations continue to be blamed for environmental destruction, projected territorial expansion of protected areas will likely lead to high levels of conflict and contestation around mountains of the world. At the same time, deeper penetration of transnational advocacy networks and wider connections of civil society will bring new tools of resistance to bear on this conflict. We propose that democracy plays an increasingly critical role in assisting local opposition to thwart new restrictions on access to natural areas prioritized for conservation. We illustrate this larger argument through the case of the Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area (GHNPCA), recently designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Indian Himalayas. In their opposition to exclusion, local communities have employed heritage as a weapon, successfully marshaling the representation of the region as the "Valley of the Gods" and putting their cultural heritage to work against global conservation agendas. Tourism posters depicting the sacred geography of numerous local deities allow local communities to justify opposition to the conservation status that restricts access to their gods, while channeling their demands through elected representatives. The state navigates this complex territory between global and local heritage uneasily, primarily through a series of compromises at the local level. This article focuses on the ways in which mountain heritage—local and global, cultural and natural—is negotiated in the crucible of democracy.
Involutions and Anticommutativity in Group Rings

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Let g denote an involution on a group G . For any (commutative, associative) ring R (with 1), * extends linearly to an involution of the group ring RG . An element α ∊ RG is symmetric if α* = α and skew-symmetric if α* = -α. The skew-symmetric elements are closed under the Lie bracket, [αβ] = αβ - βα. In this paper, we investigate when this set is also closed under the ring product in RG . The symmetric elements are closed under the Jordan product, α˚α = αβ +βα. Here, we determine when this product is trivial. These two problems are analogues of problems about the skew-symmetric and symmetric elements in group rings that have received a lot of attention.
Treating preinfected wounds

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MBICA OHNAL coronary care.The patient with an apparently mild myocardial infarction is at as great a risk of developing fatal ventricular dysrhythmia as the patient with a clinically severe infarct.4In Newcastle the interval between the receipt of the call from the practitioner and the arrival of the coronary care team with the patient (mean 21 minutes) contrasts with the Belfast time (median 10 minutes).The inordinate delay may contribute to the lack of interest of the Newcastle practitioners in the scheme.Dr. Dewar and his colleagues indicate that only 420% of the Newcastle practitioners use the mobile unit and that the number is not increasing.A questionary conducted by one of us (Dr.Zaidi) in March 1969 indicated that 89% of the Belfast practitioners use the mobile scheme.Another important difference between the two schemes is that in Belfast only personnel who have gained experience in the hospital coronary care unit are allowed to go on the mobile team.We agree with Dr. Dewar and his colleagues that it is most important to have adequate inpatient coronary care facilities for reception of patients managed by a mobile unit.It should be stressed, however, that all the available data indicate that at least two-thirds of the deaths from myo- cardial infarction occur outside hospital and that therefore when problems of staffing exist priority should be given to staffing of the mobile unit.-Weare, etc.,
Francesco Bartolomeo Conti: His Life and Music (review)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Even after several decades--the jacket note refers to Hermine Weigel Williams's "more than thirty years of research"--this book still betrays to some extent its origins as a dissertation (Columbia University, 1964). But it has been enhanced in many respects and brought up to date, taking in and sometimes arguing with recent research findings such as those of Reinhard Strohm ("Scarlattiana at Yale," in [End Page 631] Händel e gli Scarlatti a Roma: Atti del convegno internazionale di studi (Roma, 12-14 giugno 1985), ed. Nino Pirrotta and Agostino Ziino [Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1987], 113-52). With regard to the discussion of the music, the focus in Williams's dissertation on the operas of Francesco Bartolomeo Conti has been widened to include all the main genres of his works. The result is an authoritative synthesis of information and ideas on Conti's life and music that is fully worthy of its author's intense dedication to her subject.
Content analysis of Twitter chatter about indoor tanning

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Twitter may be useful for learning about indoor tanning behavior and attitudes. The objective of this study was to analyze the content of tweets about indoor tanning to determine the extent to which tweets are posted by people who tan, and to characterize the topics of tweets. We extracted 4,691 unique tweets from Twitter using the terms “tanning bed” or “tanning salon” over 7 days in March 2016. We content analyzed a random selection of 1,000 tweets, double-coding 20% of tweets (κ = 0.74, 81% agreement). Most tweets (71%) were by tanners (n = 699 individuals) and included tweets expressing positive sentiment about tanning (57%), and reports of a negative tanning experience (17%), burning (15%), or sleeping in a tanning bed (9%). Four percent of tweets were by tanning salon employees. Tweets posted by people unlikely to be tanners (15%) included tweets mocking tanners (71%) and health warnings (29%). The term “tanning bed” had higher precision for identifying individuals who engage in indoor tanning than “tanning salon”; 77% versus 45% of tweets captured by these search terms were by individuals who engaged in indoor tanning, respectively. Extrapolating to the full data set of 4,691 tweets, findings suggest that an average of 468 individuals who engage in indoor tanning can be identified by their tweets per day. The majority of tweets were from tanners and included reports of especially risky habits (e.g., burning, falling asleep). Twitter provides opportunity to identify indoor tanners and examine conversations about indoor tanning.
The cord blood oxygen affinity from normal human newborns: 1) A methodological approach.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A correct analysis of O2 affinity in neonatal whole blood puts some important, still unsolved problems of methodology, mainly based upon the fact that this kind of blood is a mixture of at least two major hemoglobins, i.e. 2/3 Hb-F and 1/3 Hb-A, having different affinities. Whereas adult blood mainly contains Hb-A. Within such a perspective, the Authors have checked if the empirical Davenport's nomogram, correcting the pO2s of adult blood to the same standard pH of 7.4, can also be used for neonatal blood. The answer is affirmative, and in addition the nomogram can also be replaced, with some advantage, by an only mathematical correction of the measured pO2s, in which pH differences from 7.4 (either positive or negative) are converted in proportional differences of pO2 and either added or subtracted to the values of these latter. Hb-CO level is undoubtedly higher in newborns than in non-smoker adults, but no factor for T50 calculation of neonatal blood has been till now identified. The Authors have determined a factor of -0.36, which can be obtained from the homologous (experimental) "adult" factor of -0.27, by multiplying this latter for 1.35.