jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Foraging strategies, craniodental traits and interaction in the bite force of Neotropical frugivorous bats (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. Bats in the family Phyllostomidae exhibit great diversity in skull size and morphology that reflects the degree of resource division and ecological overlap in the group. In particular, the subfamily Stenodermatinae has high morphological diversification associated with cranial and mandibular traits that is associated with the ability to consume the full range of available fruits (soft and hard). 2. Was analyzed craniodental traits and their relationship to the bite force in 343 specimens distributed in seven species of stenodermatine bats with two foraging strategies: nomadic and sedentary frugivory. We evaluated 19 traits related to feeding and bite force in live animals by correcting bite force with body size. 3. We used a generalized linear model (GLM) and post hoc tests to determine possible relationships and differences between cranial traits, species, and sex. We also used Blomberg's K to measure the phylogenetic signal and Phylogenetic generalized least-squares (PGLS) to ensure the phylogenetic independence of the traits. 4. We found that smaller nomadic, A. anderseni and A. phaeotis have a similar bite force to the large species A. planirostris and A. lituratus; furthermore, P. helleri registered a bite force similar to that of the sedentary bat, S. giannae. Our study determined that all the features of the mandible and most of the traits of the skull have a low phylogenetic signal. Through the PGLS we found that the diet and several cranial features (mandibular toothrow length, dentary length, braincase breadth, mastoid breadth, greatest length of skull, condyloincisive length and condylocanine length) determined bite force performance among Stenodermatiane. 5. Our results reinforce that skull size is a determining factor in the bite force, but also emphasize the importance of its relationships with morphology, ecology, and phylogeny of the species, which gives us a better understanding of the evolutionary adaptions of this highly diverse Neotropical bat group.
Electronic medical record use by office-based physicians: United States

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives—This report presents the latest information on the use of electronic medical records in physician offices. Percentages of medical practices and physicians within the practices using electronic medical records (EMR) are presented for 2006 by selected physician and practice characteristics. Methods—Data from the physician induction interviews of the 2006 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) are presented. NAMCS includes a national probability sample of nonfederal office-based physicians who saw patients in an office setting. Sample data were weighted to produce national estimates of physicians. Estimates of medical practices were derived from NAMCS physician data by adjusting the weighting scheme using a multiplicity estimator. Results—In 2006, 29.2 percent of office-based physicians reported using full or partial EMR systems, which represented a 22 % increase since 2005 and a 60% increase since 2001, when the NAMCS began monitoring this technology. Starting in 2005, the NAMCS included questions about EMR system features that health information technology experts consider minimal for a comprehensive EMR, namely computerized orders for prescriptions, computerized orders for tests, reporting of test results (lab or imaging), and clinical notes. Based on these requirements, 12.4 percent of physicians surveyed used comprehensive EMR systems in 2006, a figure not significantly different from the 9.3 percent reported for 2005. From 2005 to 2006, the percentage of medical practices using full or partial EMR systems increased by 42 % (from 18.3 to 25.9 percent), but the percentage of medical practices using a comprehensive EMR system did not change.
An Empirical Study of the Internationalisation of Research and Development by Leading Firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

As we saw in the previous chapter a number of studies have tackled the problem of distinguishing the determinants of overseas R&D by MNEs. In the course of these studies a number of clear hypotheses have been defined. Notable data problems have, however, been encountered in subjecting the approaches to empirical testing. Several studies (e.g. Hewitt 1980; Hirschey and Caves 1981; Lall 1979) used industry level, rather than firm level, data, so that, in Hewitt's words (1980, p. 318), 'industries must be treated as if they were firms.' Where firm level data has been used (Mansfield, Teece and Romeo 1979; Håkanson 1981) the sample has been quite small and restricted to firms from one country. The data source studied in this chapter has the advantage of being relatively large (122 firms) and incorporating non-US as well as US enterprises. However, it too has its deficiencies, notably in failing to cover several variables (e.g. age of overseas operations, cost influences, direct measures of R&D scale economies) whose relevance has been demonstrated by earlier researchers. Nevertheless the information available to us does permit the testing of a number of hypotheses derived in the pioneering literature from a different data perspective.
Brutal neglect: Australian rural women's access to health services

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Access to health services in rural Australia has been particularly problematic because of the vast geographical areas and the sparse population distribution across the inland. The focus on health servicing has been very much on primary health care with most attention being giving to the distribution of doctors in rural Australia. This study takes a closer look at rural health servicing through the eyes of women in rural Australia. Drawing on a survey of 820 women, the study revealed that a focus on primary health care may be resulting in a lack of attention to women's health in areas, such as maternity models of care, domestic violence and mental health. The study also reveals the disquiet of Australian rural women at the poor state of health services.
Microstructure and properties of styrene acrylate polymer cement concrete

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper systematically describes the evolution of the microstructure of a styrene acrylate polymer cement concrete in relation to its mechanical properties and durability. The results presented and discussed at the present paper involve the interaction of the polymer dispersion with portland cement; the effect of the polymer modification on the hydration of cement; the evolution of the microstructure of polymer cement pastes at the early stage; the interface, pore structure, mechanical properties and freeze-thaw (F-T) resistance of polymer cement concrete (pee). The objective of this investigation is to arrive at a better understanding of the microstructure of pee and the way in which the microstructure develops. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to relate the micro-structure of concrete to its mechanical properties and durability aspects, such as F-T resistance.
Purchasing power parity in the Colombian exchange rate

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Objetive: to determine the fulfillment of the purchasing power parity (PPP) theory in Colombia, the exchange rate with the US dollar using as a standard. Methodology: to check if the PPP in Colombia is achieved, monthly and quarterly data was used, which ran from January 1959 to December 2015. To do this, the longterm behavior from the real exchange rate was modeled, contrasting the unit roots presence and structural changes. In addition, a bivariate cointegration model was used. Results: it was found that, in the case of Colombia, the PPP theory was not fulfilled, since the peso and the dollar are not cointegrated. Therefore, according to the unitary root methodology, the PPP hypothesis in Colombia for the period 1959- 2015 is not validated. Everything seems to indicate that the Colombian peso has little relation with the US dollar. Conclusions: the use of general price indices, which include tradable goods between countries, multiple barriers to international trade, imperfect competition and social, economic, political and cultural differences between both countries are important aspects when explaining the unfulfillment of the PPP
Design, construction, and optimization of a novel, modular, and scalable incubation chamber for continuous viral inactivation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We designed, built or 3D printed, and screened tubular reactors that minimize axial dispersion to serve as incubation chambers for continuous virus inactivation of biological products. Empirical residence time distribution data were used to derive each tubular design's volume equivalent to a theoretical plate (VETP) values at a various process flow rates. One design, the Jig in a Box (JIB), yielded the lowest VETP, indicating optimal radial mixing and minimal axial dispersion. A minimum residence time (MRT) approach was employed, where the MRT is the minimum time the product spends in the tubular reactor. This incubation time is typically 60 minutes in a batch process. We provide recommendations for combinations of flow rates and device dimensions for operation of the JIB connected in series that will meet a 60‐min MRT. The results show that under a wide range of flow rates and corresponding volumes, it takes 75 ± 3 min for 99% of the product to exit the reactor while meeting the 60‐min MRT criterion and fulfilling the constraint of keeping a differential pressure drop under 5 psi. Under these conditions, the VETP increases slightly from 3 to 5 mL though the number of theoretical plates stays constant at about 1326 ± 88. We also demonstrated that the final design volume was only 6% ± 1% larger than the ideal plug flow volume. Using such a device would enable continuous viral inactivation in a truly continuous process or in the effluent of a batch chromatography column. Viral inactivation studies would be required to validate such a design. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 33:954–965, 2017
Data from Ibrutinib Therapy Releases Leukemic Surface IgM from Antigen Drive in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), disease progression associates with surface IgM (sIgM) levels and signaling capacity. These are variably downmodulated <i>in vivo</i> and recover <i>in vitro</i>, suggesting a reversible influence of tissue-located antigen. Therapeutic targeting of sIgM function via ibrutinib, an inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), causes inhibition and tumor cell redistribution into the blood, with significant clinical benefit. Circulating CLL cells persist in an inhibited state, offering a tool to investigate the effects of drug on BTK-inhibited sIgM.</p>Experimental Design:<p>We investigated the consequences of ibrutinib therapy on levels and function of sIgM in circulating leukemic cells of patients with CLL.</p>Results:<p>At week 1, there was a significant increase of sIgM expression (64% increase from pretherapy) on CLL cells either recently released from tissue or persisting in blood. In contrast, surface IgD (sIgD) and a range of other receptors did not change. SIgM levels remained higher than pretherapy in the following 3 months despite gradual cell size reduction and ongoing autophagy and apoptotic activity. Conversely, IgD and other receptors did not increase and gradually declined. Recovered sIgM was fully N-glycosylated, another feature of escape from antigen, and expression did not increase further during culture <i>in vitro</i>. The sIgM was fully capable of mediating phosphorylation of SYK, which lies upstream of BTK in the B-cell receptor pathway.</p>Conclusions:<p>This specific IgM increase in patients underpins the key role of tissue-based engagement with antigen in CLL, confirms the inhibitory action of ibrutinib, and reveals dynamic adaptability of CLL cells to precision monotherapy.</p><p><i>See related commentary by Burger, p. 2372</i></p></div>
Comparison of DNA Isolation Methods that Derived from Leaves of a Potential Anti-Cancer Rodent Tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) Plant

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The content of polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, and RNA compounds is the main problem often found in Plants DNA isolation, which inhibit the process of DNA isolation. Comparing the methods of plant DNA isolation is necessary for obtaining the DNA with good quality, purity, high concentration and efficiency time and cost. This study aimed to determine the best DNA isolation method that derived from leaves of a potential anti-cancer Rodent Tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) plant by comparing the conventional DNA isolation method (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide/CTAB) and 2 commercial kits (Promega Wizard™ Genomic DNA Purification Kits, and Geneaid Genomic Mini Kit). The results showed that the CTAB method yielded a higher amount of DNA (>100 ng/µL) at the cost of 0.49 USD per sample, in comparison with Promega method (69.19 to 157.68 ng/µL) at 3.28 USD per sample and Geneaid method (8.15 to 18.52 ng/µL) at 2.06 USD per sample. Based on the purity of isolated DNA (A260/280), CTAB method produced relatively similar DNA quality to Promega kit (1.8-2.0). On the other hand, Geneaid method resulted in a lower purity value at 1.15 to 1.60.
Histone acetylation and transcriptional regulation in the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Motivation: In eukaryotic genomes, histone acetylation and thereafter departure from the chromatin are essential for gene transcription initiation. Because gene transcription is tightly regulated by transcription factors, there are some speculations on the cooperation of histone acetylation and transcription factor binding. However, systematic statistical analyses of this relationship on a genomic scale have not been reported. Results: We apply several statistical methods to explore this relationship on two recent genomic datasets: acetylation levels on 11 histone lysines and binding activities of 203 transcription factors, both in promoter regions across the yeast genome. By canonical correlation analysis, we find that a histone acetylation pattern is correlated with a certain profile of transcription factor binding in the genome. Furthermore, after clustering the genes by their acetylation levels on the 11 histone lysines, the genes within clusters show distinct transcription factor binding profiles, as discovered by principle component analysis. Even after applying fairly stringent statistical measurement, most of these clusters have transcription factors with binding activities significantly deviated from the overall genome. We conclude that in the yeast genome, there is a strong correlation between histone acetylation and transcription factor binding in the promoter regions. Contact: ron.2.liu@gsk.com Supplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Frequency of nonsuicidal self-injury is associated with impulsive decision-making during criticism

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research indicates that nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with impulsive traits, but not impulsive behavior on laboratory tasks, even in the context of negative mood. However, previous studies may not have induced forms of negative affect most relevant to NSSI. For example, evidence implicates both self-criticism and feeling criticized by others in NSSI engagement. We conducted two studies examining whether negative mood related to criticism increases impulsive decision-making among individuals with NSSI histories, using a gambling task embedded with auditory critical comments; participants imagined loved ones saying these comments to them. Study 1 evaluated community adults with (n = 33) and without (n = 31) NSSI histories. Despite no group differences in task performance, we found an association between past-year NSSI frequency and more impulsive choices during criticism. This was confirmed in Study 2 using a separate sample of adults (n = 69) with more frequent and recent NSSI. In regression models including self-criticism and depressive symptoms, only task performance (i.e., decision-making while receiving critical feedback) predicted NSSI frequency across multiple measurement periods. These studies suggest that more frequent and recent NSSI is associated with neurocognitive impulsivity, specifically in negative emotional contexts involving actual or imagined criticism in close relationships.
A Novel MIMO Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper a compact self complementary two port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) microstrip patch antenna is presented for the fifth generation (5G).The square shaped patch antenna (15×15 mm 2 ) consist of circular slots and defected ground structure provide a wide frequency band (60.4-68.9GHz) and good isolation. Effect of slots and defected ground structure MIMO patch antenna is investigated in terms of returnloss and isolation. Simulated results of MIMO patch antenna has been investigated in terms of gain, return loss, radiation efficiency, radiation pattern, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and total active reflection coefficient (TARC).
Capacitor-loaded circularly polarized annular-ring slotted microstrip patch antenna

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper studies a simple and novel annular-ring slotted microstrip patch antenna loaded by a surface mount chip capacitor for circularly polarized (CP) radiation. By connecting the capacitor with a proper value across the annular-ring slot at an appropriate position, the fundamental resonant mode of the microstrip patch antenna can be degenerated into two orthogonal modes with equal amplitude and quadrature phase. Hence, CP radiation can be obtained. An antenna prototype was fabricated and measured. The simulation and measurement results validate that the proposed antenna has excellent CP characteristics at the resonant frequency.
The Australian and Spanish-American novel of the land : an inquiry into some modern aspects of Pastoral

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The novel of the land springs directly from colonial man's encounter with Virgin continents: an interpretation of the colonial experience is to be expected, since it is a normal function of the novelist to interpret man and his world. The Australian and Spanish-American novels of the land may validly be compared because of the intimate coincidence of subject matter, the identical European and cultural origins of the colonists, and because of the 19th and 20th Century appearance of the novel form in which writers articulate their interpretation of the emigrant venture. The modern colonial novel of the land is deeply indebted to earlier pastoral, utopian and neo-platonic ideas, which are traced in considerable detail in the introductory chapter, and identified in others. Examination of the literature of both continents reveals many areas of significant accord in their attitudes to Nature, and these are largely attributable to European cultural conditioning that transcends formal national differences. The important emergent themes are City versus Country, the Idealization of Rural Man and the Indigene, Aspiration towards the Simple Life, and Pastoral and Rural Utopianism. Both literatures see the moral stature of man as measured by his response to the new environmental challenge. They also reveal anxieties at the violation of Nature, and interpret the essentially masculine nature of the emigrant societies. Significant differences emerge - the green hell theme and the cults,of masculine aggressiveness in Spanish-American novels, and the historical land saga, and the transposition of land epic into universal allegory of the human condition in Australian writers. But for the rest, our interest resides not so much in social and other differences as in the treatment and colouring of comparable conditions that the new continental homelands imposed.
Raking plates of the combination machine's subsoiler

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of the research is to justify the type of subsoiling plates of the machine for preparing the soil for sowing melon crops. The machine designed by the authors for the preparation of the soil for sowing melon crops under the tunnel film is equipped with deep loosening subsoilers of “paraplough” type with loosening plates. The scheme of subsoiler arrangement on the frame of the machine is shown. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. The scheme of subsoiler arrangement on the frame depending on their parameters has been theoretically justified. Experimental studies have established that using a subsoiler in the form of a rod and plate with a length of 12 cm and a height of 20 cm provides the required crumbling of the soil at minimum energy consumption.
Public Art Funding System Guideline for Raising the Beauty of Urban Landscape

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 2011년 건축물미술작품제도 개정에 의하여 조형물 설치 대신 문화예술진흥기금에 출연할 수도 있게 되었지만, 기금출연이 저조하고 기금운용에 대한 가이드라인이 없음을 지적하였다. 기금운용 가이드라인을 수립하기 위하여 서울특별시, 뉴욕시, 시카고시, 토론토시의 관련제도를 비교하였고, 이를 바탕으로 도출한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기금 사용 행정단위를 광역자치단체로 함으로써, 건축주가 속해있는 도시에 사용하는 것을 보장하여 기금 출연을 늘리고 효울적인 계획 · 설치 · 관리를 도모해야 한다. 둘째, 기금에의 한 공공미술품의 형식과 스케일의 자유를 보장하여 공중의 접근성과 만족도를 높인다. 셋째, 공공시설, 도시계획 · 설계 담당자, 구 · 커뮤니티 대표 등을 심의위원회위원으로 위촉하고, 심의위원회와 별도로 각 구를 대표하는 자문단을 두어 지역대표성을 높인다. 넷째, 기금사용 항목을 구체화하고, 기획 단계부터 사후관리 · 유지에 이르기까지 통합적인 기금 사용이 필요하다. 다섯째, 미술품 자체에 대한 평가보다는 공공의 접근과 도시경관과의 조화, 지역성, 역사성, 도시 내 타 계획과의 조화성 등을 고려해야 한다. 마지막으로, 여러 분야의 이해당사자들이 참여하므로, 그들을 조율하고 전문정보를 제공하는 공공미술 전문가를 두어 기금운용의 투명성과 전문성을 기해야 한다.
Spiriti. Otto fotografi raccontano Giancarlo De Carlo a UrbinoSpiriti. Eight photographers recount Giancarlo De Carlo in Urbino

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Giancarlo De Carlo, in the introduction to the volume Il Palazzo di Federico da Montefeltro, 1985, edited by Maria Luisa Polichetti, speaks of Luciano Laurana and Francesco di Giorgio Martini as the “spirits” of the Palazzo. We cannot help but imagine De Carlo himself as a presence for the city, always present and alive through his project. In L’architettura della partecipazione he exposes how often the representation of architecture does not include the people who live in it; a custom whose origins the author traces back to the “individual monocentric vision” of the Renaissance perspective. Based on this consideration eight internationally renowned photographers, Urbino ISIA teachers, tell the story of De Carlo’s work in Urbino. These images tell the story of De Carlo in Urbino today. What interests us is their potential as a lesson for the present. Paola Binante, Luca Capuano, Mario Cresci, Paola De Pietri, Jason Fulford, Stefano Graziani, Armin Linke, Giovanna Silva, explore and recount the nature of this lesson through photography. Alongside their multiple perspectives is the performative work, carried out by the graphic designer Patrick Lacey and the artist Ben Cain, with the ISIA students and the narrations developed by the students of the Iuav University of Venice, together with Armin Linke, using photographic material from the archives. Besides curators’ texts, this book includes contributions by Roberta Valtorta, with respect to the long-term relationship between architecture and photography, by Mirko Zardini, on De Carlo’s relationship with the city of Urbino, and by Sara Marini, on the architect’s textual production.