jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Unique stereospecificity of D-amino acid aminotransferase and branched-chain L-amino acid aminotransferase for C-4' hydrogen transfer of the coenzyme

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnique stereospecificity of D-amino acid aminotransferase and branched-chain L-amino acid aminotransferase for C-4' hydrogen transfer of the coenzymeTohru Yoshimura, Katsushi Nishimura, Junko Ito, Nobuyoshi Esakik, Hiroyuki Kagamiyama, James M. Manning, and Kenji SodaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10, 3897–3900Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00063a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00063a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Possibility of determining the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants during the earing phase using remote sensing data

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study examined the possibility of using remote sensing Data (RED, NIR, NDVI) for monitoring winter wheat crops in production conditions for nitrogen content in plants. This work is divided into two stages: 1) analysis of the correlation between NDVI indicators and nitrogen content on production crops of the North-Caucasian FNAC; 2) comparative analysis of the correlation between nitrogen content and remote sensing data in the conditions of the “Rodina” agricultural enterprise in the Shpakovsky district of the Stavropol territory. Selection of plant samples (sheaf material) was carried out according to the generally accepted method. Repeatability — 4-fold. The chemical composition of plant organs was determined using the method of V.T. Kurkaev and co-authors, and the chlorophyll content was determined by Y.I. Milaeva and N.P. Primak. We used the earth remote sensing data provided by the Terra satellite and obtained by the Modis scanning Spectroradiometer. At the first stage, the relationships between the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants and the values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were studied. At the early stages of growth and development of winter wheat plants, high correlation coefficients between these indicators were obtained. Thus, the correlation coefficient on average for the fields in 2012 was equal to -0.89, and in 2013 and 2014 — -0.82. In later phases of growth and development of winter wheat plants, this relationship was not observed. At the second stage, it was found that it is advisable to use the red reflection index to assess the nitrogen content at the local level (a separate agricultural enterprise) in the earing phase. In this case, there is a stable inverse correlation — the average for three years of research was -0.71. When other remote sensing indicators (NDVI and NIR) are used in the analysis, the links are either absent or less apparent.
The submerged part of acute acalculous cholecystitis in adults: Case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute acalculous cholecystitis is one of the clinical entities widely known to be potentially detrimental and whose difficulty in identification may be only the "tip of the iceberg" of its true state of management embarrassment. Indeed, this condition is at the same time more frequent in the group of elderly and comorbid patients, famous for being a perplexing diagnosis and especially of fulminant evolution. For these reasons, it is essential that clinicians are aware of this occurrence, emphasizing that diagnostic and therapeutic delay can lead to adverse outcomes. In this sense, we present a case of acute acalculous cholecystitis where the initial diagnosis was missed despite appropriate investigation methods and ultimately led to biliary peritonitis. We hope that this report will serve as a reminder of how positive patient outcomes warrant a high index of suspicion for the condition and the importance of designing a rapid management pathway.
Design of a miniaturized hybrid

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Microwave technology has been playing a significant role in our lives. The knowledge of Microwave technology is applied as the base technology in wireless communications such as GSM for cellphone, WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for internet, Global Positioning System via satellites for navigation, Radio Detection and Ranging or RADAR, even Microwave oven for cooking by means of dielectric heating.
D. H. Lawrence and Shyness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: D. H. Lawrence is not usually viewed as a writer who was much concerned with, or sympathetic to, shyness. But shyness is structurally crucial to his exploration of emotion. His work echoes then-contemporary models for understanding shyness—from William James’s “tender-mindedness” to Jung’s “introversion,” to the physiologist Angelo Mosso’s idea of the “inner blush.” Lawrence, suggesting the cognitive richness implicit in shyness, emphasizes the insights it offers into emotion, selfhood, and embodiment, even while he indicates that it might be too painful a state to be borne indefinitely. Although his own personal shyness became a quality that he had to discard as a writer, his work captures what it is to be at once invested in shyness and attempting to move beyond it.
Phage diversity mirrors bacterial strain diversity in the honey bee gut microbiota

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

This is the Zenodo for the publication Phage diversity mirrors bacterial strain diversity in the honey bee gut microbiota. The files found in this repository are the following: chapter1-4.Rmd: Rmarkdown files containing downstream analyises and code to recreate plots of the manuscript. useful_func.R: R script containing some functions used in the other scripts. data.zip: Directory containing all the necessary data run the R scripts (This files are generated following the github pipeline in repo liked to this zenodo). Figures.zip: Directory containing all the figures (raw and modified for publication). MAGs.zip: directory containing all the bacterial MAGs.
Mapping The Limits Of Skepticism In Law And Morals

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract\nThis article identifies the theoretical and practical limits of postmodern skepticism about objective, transcultural standards in law and morals.\nStanley Fish tells us that moral issues are intelligible only "within the precincts of the...paradigms or communities that give them their local and changeable shape." This is one formulation of antifoundationalism, which rejects the idea of a transcultural moral reality that binds all people. Antifoundationalists see value judgments as contingent cultural products that cannot be objectively true.\nBut can we do anything with this thesis in practice? Postmodern pragmatists like Richard Rorty and Joan Williams believe that we can; they say we would benefit by understanding our moral principles as no more than cultural preferences. This Article takes issue with that approach and provides a series of pragmatic counter-arguments in favor of objectivist moral and legal discourse. By investigating the relationship between the anti-foundationalist claim and the universal human rights claim, this Article demonstrates that (a) the thesis that our moral commitments are produced through a contingent historical process can never tell us what commitments we should have; (b) to formulate such commitments, we require an objectivist language of evaluation, one which is not confined to diagnosing the play of cultural and psychological forces but which stands apart from them; and (c) in law and morals this objectivist discourse expresses the distinctions we experience as morally sensitive beings, including the difference between the fair and illegitimate uses of power. A truly pragmatic view would recognize that objective moral claims are not a way we stake out a metaphysical position, but the way we inhabit and describe a nuanced normative world.\nThese are pragmatic arguments which show that anti-foundationalist theory is so divorced from the human experience of agency and choice that we cannot utilize it in practice. In the final section, the Article offers some affirmative reasons to believe that the universal human rights claim states a transcultural moral truth.
Imagining Consumers: Manufacturers and Markets in Ceramics and Glass, 1865-1965

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For decades, historians of production and consumption have inhabited distinct camps in the academic landscape, with few scholars crossing disciplinary boundaries to integrate the study of business, technology, and culture. On the one hand, business and technological historians have primarily, but not exclusively, labored in the shadows of Alfred D. Chandler's and Thomas P. Hughes's commanding paradigms [5, 11 ], adding much to our knowledge of the managerial and technical functions of the large modem business enterprise [ 10]. On the other hand, cultural historians have drawn heavily on Antonio Gramsci's hegemony theory to critique the emergence of advertising and mass consumption in the context of power relations in industrial society [e.g., 6, 12, 13, 14]. Few business historians address issues concerning cultural historians, and vice versa. As a result of this scholarly fragmentation, we understand very little about the relationships among manufacturers, retailers, and consumers that lay at the core of modem consumer society [2a]. This dissertation blends the subdisciplines of business, technological, and cultural history to shift the debate on mass consumption from the broad culture to the business institution. In a series of case studies of manufacturing firms in two industries across one hundred years, it examines layers of corporate actors as they read the marketplace, or imagined consumers, and labored to create saleable durable goods, often developing new technologies along the way. Manufacturers in the pottery and glassware industries made some of the most commonplace modern household furnishings. These domestic accessories were distributed by a range of vendors, from china stores in the nineteenth century to five-and-dimes in the twentieth century, and, in turn, these goods were used by men and women of all socio-economic classes. In nine chapters, this dissertation uses a variety of sources - including untapped corporate archives, family papers, trade journals, mail-order catalogues, interviews, and artifacts - to explore the dynamic among manufacturers, retailers, and consumers of pottery and glassware. As such, this study of producer
Figure S6 and S7 from RAS–MAPK Reactivation Facilitates Acquired Resistance in <i>FGFR1</i>-Amplified Lung Cancer and Underlies a Rationale for Upfront FGFR–MEK Blockade

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Figure S6 describes genomic analysis of resistant NCI-H2077 cells and Figure S7 shows weight of animals of xenograft studies.</p>
The Medicalization of Male Sexual Dysfunctions: An Analysis of Sex Therapy Journals

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study explored paradigm change in sex therapy for male sexual dysfunctions. An analysis of the professional journal literature was used to examine the theories, causes, and treatments utilized to explain and treat erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation between 1967 and 1998. The journals analyzed include the Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, the Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, the Journal of Sex Research, and Archives of Sexual Behavior. Sex therapy may be characterized as a multiple paradigm science; the medical and psychological models are reviewed. The medical model includes various approaches such as hormone therapy, herbs, prescription medication, surgery, and vacuum therapy. While the behavioral model is the dominant psychological sex therapy paradigm, the results indicate that the medical model has emerged as the dominant paradigm for the treatment of male sexual dysfunctions. These findings suggest several possibilities for sex therapy: a decline of practitioners without medical training, the development of new roles, and medical and non-medical practitioners working together.
Role of energy-level shifts on Auger neutralization processes: A calculation beyond the image potential

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Auger neutralization of slow ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ near Al(100) surfaces is analyzed by introducing the effect of the ion on the metal electrons. This is taken into account by including in the calculation the $2s$ and $2p$ levels of He that can be filled by metal electrons when the ion approaches the surface. These levels and the $1s$ level are calculated for short and large distances between the ion and metal atoms. We find that the $1s$ level is completely modified with respect to the image potential shift for short distances, due to the strong interaction among He and Al atoms. Auger neutralization rates are calculated, and we obtain a most probable distance of neutralization of about 3 a.u. between He and the last Al layer. At this distance our theoretical $1s$ level shows an energy shift of about 2 eV, in agreement with experimental findings. We thus conclude that slow ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ ions neutralize much closer to the metal surface than previously thought.
Vancomycin pharmacokinetics and predicted dosage requirements in pediatric cancer patients

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters and compare pharmacodynamic target attainment at different dosing strategies of vancomycin in pediatric cancer patients. Methods Pediatric patients who received vancomycin and had at least two steady-state concentrations taken within the same dosing interval were identified. Vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from our institution were determined using E-test. The population-based pharmacokinetic modeling was performed using NONMEM 7.2. A one-compartment model with first-order kinetics was used to estimate clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (Vd). Monte Carlo simulations ( N = 9800) were performed to compare area-under-the-curve over 24 h (AUC 24 )/MIC and trough concentration at different doses. Results Forty-nine patients, with 120 vancomcyin serum concentrations, were included in the analysis, mean age was 6 ± 2.5 (SD) years, mean weight was 19.6 ± 6.9(SD) kg, mean baseline serum creatinine was 0.4 ± 0.11(SD) mg/dl, and mean initial vancomycin dose was 205 mg/day (range 100–460). Final model pharmacokinetic parameters were: CL (L/h) = 0.381 × weight 0.75 and Vd (L) = 0.663 × weight. Mean baseline (±SD) vancomycin CL was 0.20 ± 0.07 L/h/kg and Vd 0.66 ± 0.001 L/kg. . Renal function, sex, age, stay in the intensive care unit, and co-administration of nephrotoxic medications did not have an effect on the calculated parameters. Using Monte Carlo simulation with reported MICs, a dose of 60 mg/kg/day achieved AUC 24 /MIC ≥400 and trough concentration ≥15 mcg/mL in only 21.5% and 11% of virtual subjects, respectively. Conclusions Higher than usual vancomycin doses may be required to treat serious MRSA infections in pediatric patients. The currently recommended dose of 60 mg/kg/day is unlikely to achieve the targets in most subjects. The optimal vancomycin dosing in pediatric cancer patients requires further investigations.
Central Europe—Central Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Essay| September 01 1916 Central Europe—Central Africa Paul Leutwein Paul Leutwein Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1916) 4 (6): 1031–1033. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1916.4.6.1031 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Paul Leutwein; Central Europe—Central Africa. Current History 1 September 1916; 4 (6): 1031–1033. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1916.4.6.1031 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1916 by The Regents of the University of California1916 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Insurance and inequality in Sub‐Saharan Africa: policy thresholds

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this study, we examine how insurance affects income inequality in Sub‐Saharan Africa, using data from 42 countries during the period 2004–2014. Three inequality variables are used, namely: the Gini coefficient, the Atkinson index and the Palma ratio. Two insurance premiums are employed, namely: life insurance and non‐life insurance. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). Life insurance increases the Gini coefficient and increasing life insurance has a net positive effect on the Gini coefficient and the Atkinson index. Non‐life insurance reduces the Gini coefficient and increasing non‐life insurance has a net positive effect on the Palma ratio. The analysis is extended to establish policy thresholds at which increasing insurance premiums completely dampen the net positive effects. From the extended analysis, 7.500 of life insurance premiums (percentage of GDP) is the critical mass required for life insurance to negatively affect inequality, while 0.855 of non‐life insurance premiums (percentage of GDP) is the threshold required for non‐life insurance to negatively affect inequality. Policy thresholds are provided at which insurance penetration decreases income inequality in Sub‐Saharan Africa.
Implications for the Mechanism of Spectrin Dimer Self-Association

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

aI/74 hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) is a subgroup of HE in which patients exhibit an impaired self-association of spectrin dimers and an abnormal proteolytic cleavage of the al domain of spectrin. We studied a family in which the proband presented with a severe neonatal hemolytic anemia with poikilocytosis. Biochemical analysis oferythrocytes from the proband and his family members allowed us to ascertain a diagnosis of homozygosity for aI/74HE in the proband and heterozygosity in his parents and several of their offspring. Results of polymorphism linkage analysis suggested that the defect in this family was located in ,8 rather than a spectrin. We analyzed the 3' end of the f8-spectrin gene of the proband and detected a mutation that changes a codon for alanine to one for proline. Allele-specific oligomer hybridization on slot blots of DNA from other family members confirmed the presence of the mutation only in members heterozygous for the disorder. This is the first example of a point mutation in the fl-spectrin chain that is associated with defective spectrin dimer self-association and an abnormal proteolytic cleavage of the a chain. Based on this finding, we propose a model for the mechanism of interaction between the a- and j-spectrin chains. (J. Clin. Invest.
‘Responsibility to protect’ and the African Union: Assessing the AU’s capacity to respond to regional complex humanitarian and political emergencies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite its many institutional and political weaknesses and limitations, the African Union (AU) has been developing a variety of tools and mechanisms to respond effectively to complex disasters and emergencies (both natural and manmade) by building up a comprehensive regional security architecture. Furthermore, it has become the first and only regional or international organisation to enshrine the principle of ‘responsibility to protect’ (R2P) in its Constitutive Act. This regional approach to and formal endorsement of the R2P principle allowed it to assume a particular place in the promotion of peace and security in its area. This article aims to critically assess the effectiveness of the AU on the African continent by exploring its real capacity in preventing and responding to emergencies and violent conflicts, and therefore in rendering the principle of R2P operational. The article argues that the formalisation of principles does not necessarily mean their effective implementation. The organisation's use of the R2P principle is also greatly conditioned by internal and external factors.
Newer Clinical Strategies for Combining Interferon and Cytotoxic Agents Against Solid Tumours and Hematological Malignancies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The role of interferons in the treatment of cancer continues to evolve. Despite limited single agent activity against solid tumours, interferons now appear to have an important role as modulators of the activity of a variety of cytotoxic drugs. Clinical benefits have been observed for combinations of interferons and alkylating agents against low grade lymphomas, interferons and dacarbazine against malignant melanoma, and interferons and 5‐fluorouracil against gastrointestinal and genitourinary malignancies. Further progress will depend on a grealer understanding of the biology of the interaction.
Using Grey Model GM(2,1) and Pseudo Amino Acid Composition to Predict Protein Subcellular Location

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Identifying the subcellular localization of proteins is particularly helpful in the functional annotation of gene products. Based on the concept of pseudo amino acid composition, a novel representation of protein sequence, grey pseudo amino acid (grey-PseAA) was introduced. The advantage by incorporating the grey-PseAA into the pseudo amino acid composition is that it can catch the essence of the overall sequence pattern of a protein and hence more effectively reflect its sequence-order effects. It was demonstrated thru the jackknife cross validation test and independent dataset test that the overall success rates by the new approach were significantly improved. It is anticipated that the concept of grey-PseAA composition can be also used to predict many other protein attributes, such as membrane protein type, enzyme functional class, GPCR type, protease type, among many others.