jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Blood Ketone Concentration and Exercise Intensity on Exogenous Ketone Oxidation Rates in Athletes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction Exogenous ketones potentially provide an alternative, energetically advantageous fuel to power exercising skeletal muscle. However, there is limited evidence regarding their relative contribution to energy expenditure during exercise. Furthermore, the effect of blood ketone concentration and exercise intensity on exogenous ketone oxidation rates is unknown. Methods Six athletes completed cycling ergometer exercise on three occasions within a single-blind, random-order controlled, crossover design study. Exercise duration was 60 min, consisting of 20-min intervals at 25%, 50%, and 75% maximal power output ( W Max ). Participants consumed (i) bitter flavored water (control), (ii) a low-dose β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) ketone monoester (KME; 252 mg·kg BW −1 , “low ketosis”), or (iii) a high-dose βHB KME (752 mg·kg BW −1 , “high ketosis”). The KME contained a 13 C isotope label, allowing for the determination of whole-body exogenous βHB oxidation rates through sampled respiratory gases. Results Despite an approximate doubling of blood βHB concentrations between low- and high-ketosis conditions (~2 mM vs ~4.4 mM), exogenous βHB oxidation rates were similar at rest and throughout exercise. The contribution of exogenous βHB oxidation to energy expenditure peaked during the 25% W Max exercise intensity but was relatively low (4.46% ± 2.71%). Delta efficiency during cycling exercise was significantly greater in the low-ketosis (25.9% ± 2.1%) versus control condition (24.1% ± 1.9%; P = 0.027). Conclusions Regardless of exercise intensity, exogenous βHB oxidation contributes minimally to energy expenditure and is not increased by elevating circulating concentrations greater than ~2 mM. Despite low exogenous βHB oxidation rates, exercise efficiency was significantly improved when blood βHB concentration was raised to ~2 mM.
British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem. Supplementary Papers I, 1923. Index of hittite names. Section A. Geographical. Part I. Collected and edited in collaboration with the Director by L. A. Mayer with notes by J. Garstang.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Contenau G. British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem. Supplementary Papers I, 1923. Index of hittite names. Section A. Geographical. Part I. Collected and edited in collaboration with the Director by L. A. Mayer with notes by J. Garstang.. In: Syria. Tome 5 fascicule 1, 1924. pp. 67-68.
Development of a Novel Continuous Processing Technology for Functionally Graded Composite Energetic Materials Using an Inverse Design Procedure

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : For a variety of applications, the functional requirement of a material can vary with location within a structure. One way to address this has been to use different materials, joined together so as to take care of the functional requirements at different locations. This unfortunately gives rise to undesirably high stress concentrations at the interface, when the structure is loaded, which might lead to failure. Attempts at controlling these stresses have led to the concept of Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). FGMs are structures that possess gradual variations in material behavior that enhance material and/or structural performance. For example, at one point the material may be hard and at another point it may be soft. The description of this functional variation is known as the FGM architecture. Typical architectural parameters include layer thickness, t, and composition gradient, p. In designing FGMs, it is desirable to determine the architectural parameters that optimize system performance for a given application by modeling the relationship between the processing of a FGM, the microstructures that develop, and their related properties. FGMs are being applied to a variety of structural and nonstructural applications. Recently, FGM concepts have become of interest to the U.S. Navy to improve large caliber gun propellant performance by replacing a 7-perf grain with a single perf grain that has the same performance, but burns more efficiently because it possesses a functionally graded architecture. In the case of composite energetic materials used as solid rocket propellants, referred to as a grain, the volume fraction of ingredients, such as 30 and 200 micron AP particles (VAP) can be varied along the length of the grain to produce a corresponding difference in burn rate. It can be noted that the burn rate is related not only the volume fraction of AP particles, but the particle size distribution as well.
An Econometric Approach Regarding the Impact of Fiscal Pressure on Equilibrium: Evidence from Electricity, Gas and Oil Companies Listed on the New York Stock Exchange

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The matter of fiscal pressure is more current than ever in most countries around the world for various reasons. In the first place, disruptive phenomena such as financial crises put tremendous pressure on worldwide economies. Secondly, high taxes trigger an overall reduction in the level of investments aiming at creating stable and well-paid jobs. Thirdly, the income generated by the majority of taxpayers is subject to excessive taxation, which may fuel tax evasion acts. On these grounds, the article is the first empirical research investigating the impact of fiscal pressure on the financial equilibrium of energy companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The sample included 88 electricity, gas, and oil companies from around the world, which were analyzed over a time span of 16 years, including the periods before, during, and after the 2008 global financial crisis. The methodology entailed estimating econometric models via Panel Least Squares (cross-section weights) with and without time fixed effects. Empirical results showed that fiscal pressure had a stronger impact on the short-term and long-term equilibrium of electricity and oil companies than on the equilibrium of gas companies. The study can serve as a compass for the managers of energy companies interested in estimating the evolution of company equilibrium state when considering other potential financial downturns.
Three phase unity power factor (UPF) rectifier for wind power applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Technology advancement has reached its peak. Everything we use now is heavily dependent on electricity. As the population is also increasing, it puts a greater demand in producing electricity. The dependent on nature source such as fossil fuel will not last for very long. Thus, the need for tapping into renewable resources becomes necessary. One the renewable energy discussed in this report is Wind turbine. Wind energy is used a source. The wind energy is converted into electrical energy with the help of generators. There are different types of generators are being used. One of the main problem in the wind turbine generation is that the speed of the wind varies. Due to that, we are unable to get a constant power to tap into the grid. Therefore, variable speed generator is discussed in this report. The use of variable speed generator requires the use of power electronics such as power converters. Mainly on the conversion of AC to DC. Normally bridge type rectifiers are used to convert the ac to dc. However, it results in injection of unwanted current harmonics at the input side. Thus, the power factor is reduced. Reduced power factor means less active power will be generated. The efficiency drops. There are standards imposed by IEEE 519 1992 which recommends the limit of harmonic to be present in the rectifier circuit. This will result in a greater advantage. This project is based on implementation of a hardware of a rectifier circuit named Vienna rectifier. It is a 3 phase, UPF rectifier which improves the power quality. This rectifier’s input current is very close to sinusoidal with reduced input ripple current and UPF operation. In this work, the necessary hardware for the 3 phase UPF rectifier has been developed, assembled and tested for power level of 1kW. Hysteresis Current Control strategy has been proposed for the control of the rectifier’s bidirectional switches. The operation is validated on the MatLab simulation and hardware setup. Overall the project work involves the building of the three phase UPF rectifier setup with HCC current control strategy.
Public Policies for Providing Cloud Computing Services to SMEs of Latin America

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

SMEs are considered the backbone of the Latin American economic region as they represent an overwhelming majority of private enterprises in the region and account for 99% of businesses and employ 67% of employees. One of the elements in which SMEs need assistance is their involvement in the IT-enabled services (ITES) both for greater efficiency and optimization of the economic data. Cloud computing as a modern concept has commercialized the use of ITES along with sharing data at a wider scale. Tacit knowledge in the form of data can be easily shared at large scale with the help of cloud computing. While MNCs have started using cloud computing to benefit the organizations, SMEs are far behind in truly understanding the relevance of cloud computing in benefitting business operations. The chapter analyzes the existing opportunities and then formulates relevant public policies for providing cloud computing services to the SMEs of Latin America.
Development of Transgenic Wheat with a Synthetical Insecticidal Crystal Protein Gene via Pollen-tube Pathway

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The cryIa gene, a synthetical insecticidal crystal protein gene of Bacillus thuringiensis, was transferred into the wheat varieties Xinong 2208 and Xinong 132 using the gramineous expression vector pGU4ABBar by pollen-tube pathway. By PCR and Southern blotting analysis 27 transgenic plants with cryIa gene were obtained. Western blotting analysis showed that the protein was expressed in the transgenic plants. The transformation frequency was about 1.13%-1.21%.
Wastewater management in Ethiopian higher learning institutions: functionality, sustainability and policy context

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates the existing wastewater management situation in Ethiopia, with particular emphasis on university campus wastewater. The investigation was carried out by reviewing literature, reports, policy documents and field visits integrated with laboratory assessment. It was established that from the seven universities only two have functional wastewater treatment plants, but none of them meet effluent standards. These mainly centrally prescribed systems lack sustainability because of problems related to technology choice, affordability and technical skills. This paper proposes feasible rehabilitation strategies for the existing wastewater systems. A combination of policy instruments and integrated wastewater management strategies are proposed. Although based on specific data from Ethiopia, the findings and recommendations of this study also apply to other, similar, low-income countries where the population is booming but overall wastewater management planning is lagging behind. © 2014 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Community interventions supporting children affected by HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A review to derive evidence-based principles for programming

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Approaching 20 years after the first studies drew attention to the issues faced by children and families affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), evaluation data from programs addressing their circumstances remains limited and clustered, especially when considered in relation to the magnitude of donor spending. A review of evaluation evidence was conducted to derive programming principles for interventions supporting HIV-affected children in sub-Saharan Africa, including care and support, cash transfer and HIV-prevention interventions. Methodologies of existing evaluations reflect diverse aims and research questions, and inconsistent geographical and thematic coverage. The quality of evidence was most rigorous for HIV prevention and least rigorous for care and support, and the resulting lessons learned were correspondingly variable. Evidence across the three intervention types supports several practical strategies and cross-cutting principles to guide intervention delivery, including the importance of formative research and locally tailoring interventions; community and child participation; working directly with women; multifaceted targeting strategies; actively addressing stigma; and careful oversight and monitoring of program implementation. Further efforts to build field staff capacity in monitoring and evaluation and to strengthen program management information systems are a necessary investment in building a sound evidence base to improve programs and effect tangible quality of life improvements for children and families.
Auto-Encoding Total Correlation Explanation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Advances in unsupervised learning enable reconstruction and generation of samples from complex distributions, but this success is marred by the inscrutability of the representations learned. We propose an information-theoretic approach to characterizing disentanglement and dependence in representation learning using multivariate mutual information, also called total correlation. The principle of Total Cor-relation Ex-planation (CorEx) has motivated successful unsupervised learning applications across a variety of domains but under some restrictive assumptions. Here we relax those restrictions by introducing a flexible variational lower bound to CorEx. Surprisingly, we find this lower bound is equivalent to the one in variational autoencoders (VAE) under certain conditions. This information-theoretic view of VAE deepens our understanding of hierarchical VAE and motivates a new algorithm, AnchorVAE, that makes latent codes more interpretable through information maximization and enables generation of richer and more realistic samples.
Life Cycle Assessment Of Seawater Desalinization In Western Australia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Perth will run out of available sustainable natural water resources by 2015 if nothing is done to slow usage rates, according to a Western Australian study [1]. Alternative water technology options need to be considered for the long-term guaranteed supply of water for agricultural, commercial, domestic and industrial purposes. Seawater is an alternative source of water for human consumption, because seawater can be desalinated and supplied in large quantities to a very high quality. While seawater desalination is a promising option, the technology requires a large amount of energy which is typically generated from fossil fuels. The combustion of fossil fuels emits greenhouse gases (GHG) and, is implicated in climate change. In addition to environmental emissions from electricity generation for desalination, greenhouse gases are emitted in the production of chemicals and membranes for water treatment. Since Australia is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, it is important to quantify greenhouse gas emissions from desalinated water production. A life cycle assessment (LCA) has been carried out to determine the greenhouse gas emissions from the production of 1 gigalitre (GL) of water from the new plant. In this LCA analysis, a new desalination plant that will be installed in Bunbury, Western Australia, and known as Southern Seawater Desalinization Plant (SSDP), was taken as a case study. The system boundary of the LCA mainly consists of three stages: seawater extraction, treatment and delivery. The analysis found that the equivalent of 3,890 tonnes of CO2 could be emitted from the production of 1 GL of desalinated water. This LCA analysis has also identified that the reverse osmosis process would cause the most significant greenhouse emissions as a result of the electricity used if this is generated from fossil fuels
Pelatihan Desain Grafis Menggunakan Aplikasi Canva dalam Mengasah Keterampilan Siswa-Siswi di MTS Wonosobo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Graphic design training using the Canva application aims to enhance the skills of MTs Al-Muttaqin students in creating visual designs, particularly posters with the theme "Environmental Awareness." This activity was conducted by the Community Service Program (KKN) team from Universitas Tidar on January 20, 2025, using the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) method, which consists of five stages: discovery, dream, design, define, and destiny. The results of the training showed that students exhibited high enthusiasm and were able to understand basic design concepts, such as color, typography, and layout. Despite challenges such as limited internet access and devices, these obstacles were successfully addressed through intensive mentoring. This program is expected not only to improve students' digital literacy but also to provide opportunities for them to compete in the field of graphic design. In the future, this training can be expanded with additional materials to support broader educational digitalization.
Application of Escher-like Tiling Design to Confectionery Shape Design

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Tiling is an act of covering the plane with one or very few types of figures without any overlaps and gaps. A hierarchical optimization method has been proposed to automatically design a tileable figure. Taking advantage of the flexibility of designing objective function and constraints of the hierarchical optimization method, this paper applies the hierarchical optimization method to confectionery shape design, i.e., designing cutting dies and baking molds for cookies, chocolates etc. that have a tileable shape. Introducing a new constraint prevents designing narrow and fragile parts of an output tileable figure. Experimental results show that the proposed method generated tileable shapes while preventing narrow and fragile parts.
[The kidney in multiple myeloma. The physiopathological and clinical aspects].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The renal concern in a multiple myeloma (MM) case has a frequency of 50% and causes a worsening of the disease with a survival average of about 12 months. The monoclonal light free chains (CLL) produced in excess by the plasmacytes are present in the urine as proteinuria of Bence Jones (PBJ) in 60-70% of patients affected by MM. They represent the major pathogenetic factor of the nephropathy in course of MM as they can deposit in shape of intratubular "casts" in the myeloma casts nephropathy (MCN). In some worse cases, dehydration or hypercalcaemia can cause an irreversible acute renal insufficiency (RI). It is therefore important in a patient affected with MM with PBJ to prevent, locate and opportunely treat these situations which worsen the nephropathy. Beside the tubular cast nephropathy, the CLL "accumulate" in the kidney even though with a lower frequency compared to MCN, in the light chains deposition disease (LCDD) and in the amyloidosis AL (AL). LCDD is characterized by a deposit of nodular amorphous materials PAS positive in the glomerulus and sometimes even in the tubulus. It usually presents itself as a chronic RI and a proteinuria causing nephrotic syndrome (NS). This quickly evolves into uraemia and its evolution can be lessened by the MM treatment. AL in course of MM also reveals with a chronic RI and NS. CLLs deposit in the typical fibrillar structure, on the vessel walls, in the glomerulus, in the mesangium and can be marked out with the Congo red colouring and the subsequent green birefringence through microscope with polarized light. Prognosis of AL is extremely severe and no benefit is given by the treatment of the hematological illness. It is therefore absolutely necessary to study the renal histology through biopsy when MM is grade B, that is, with serumal creatinine above 2 mg/dl as: MCN imposes the MM treatment programme in order to reduce the tubular excess of PBJ and to attempt to make RI reversible; MCN with tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis results in an unfavourable prognosis as it expresses a nephropathic irreversibility due to the loss nephrons. It will therefore necessary to start on a renal substitutional treatment programme. Renal damage in course of MM is not always tubular, rather an unexpected glomerular damage of LCDD or amyloidosis AL type can be found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Tetranortriterpenes from Turraea robusta

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetranortriterpenes from Turraea robustaMichael D. Bentley, Forrest Gaul, Mohamed S. Rajab, and Ahmed HassanaliCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1992, 55, 1, 84–87Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50079a012https://doi.org/10.1021/np50079a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views180Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cyanothioacetanilide Intermediates in Heterocyclic Synthesis, Part 1: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Thiazole, Thiophene, Pyrazole, and Pyrazolo[1,5-a]Pyrimidine Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Some novel thiophenes (4a,b, 5, and 9a,b) were obtained from the cycloalkylation of the thiocarbamoyl group in the cyanothioacetanilide derivative (1) with α-halocarbonyl compounds. Also, the reaction of cyanothioacetanilide derivative with phenyl isothiocyanate in the presence of potassium hydroxide followed by in situ heterocyclization of the resulting adduct with α-halocarbonyl compounds furnished the corresponding thiazole (12, 14, and 15), pyrazole (19), and pyraozlo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (22, 25, and 26) derivatives. Compounds (4b, 5, 9a, 12, 13, 18, 22, 25, and 26) were tested to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file.