jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
QRS Width: Easily Obtained but Overlooked Parameter in Monitoring Algorithms in Implantable Devices

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction We describe the progressive increase in the QRS durations (QRSd) and the subsequent decrease in the left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) of two patients post pacemaker implantation. We aim to highlight the need for contemporary cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) to include QRSd monitoring in the standard device data capture. This would ultimately allow for early interventions to be made to prevent chronic heart failure (CHF) hospitalizations. Methods The echocardiographic studies of two patients (pre and post pacemaker implantation) were analyzed, in order to determine changes in QRSd and LVEF data leading up to CHF hospitalization events. Results Patient 1 had a QRSd of 66 msec in June of 2018, one month before pacemaker implantation. Six months after implantation, Patient 1 had an increased QRSd of 156 msec. This was accompanied with a stark decrease in LVEF, from 55% at the time of implantation to below 35% in October of 2020. Patient 2 had a QRSd of 160 msec and a LVEF of 43% prior to the implantation of a pacemaker in 2016. Patient 2 similarly showed a progressive increase in their QRSd and was found to have a significantly decreased LVEF of 17% when hospitalized for decompensated heart failure around 5 years after pacemaker insertion. Conclusion Chronic RV apical pacing can be associated with adverse effects, leading to compromised cardiac function and resulting in pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM). Progressive paced QRS widening can be indicative of CHF development and correlates with a decline in ejection fraction. The addition of device based QRS width monitoring to the current trend toolkit in implantable devices could alert electrophysiologists and patients of the potential for PICM, in the absence of serial 12 lead comparisons. This pre-emptive alert is essential in an era where remedy in the form of cardiac resynchronization and physiological pacing therapy is readily available.
The Influence of Infection with Lansing Strain Poliomyelitis Virus of Pregnant Mice*

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Journal Article The Influence of Infection with Lansing Strain Poliomyelitis Virus of Pregnant Mice Get access Chester L. Byrd, JR. Chester L. Byrd, JR. Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, Volume 9, Issue 2, April 1950, Pages 202–203, https://doi.org/10.1097/00005072-195004000-00010 Published: 01 April 1950
Constructing semantic network for knowledge representation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Text mining is still budding in the field of medicine. However, with rising volumes of scientific literature it has gained significance and is becoming used extensively in the field of research. Through text mining, researchers are equipped to analyse unstructured data. The structured output attained from text mining is represented as a semantic network. A semantic network is a relationship diagram, showing entities and the relationship between them. These semantic networks can facilitate the discovery of hidden relations between entities. In this project, biomedical texts would be extracted and biomedical concepts would become the entities for which the network would be formed. These networks can be very vast and hence there is a lot of room for discovery. The ability to visualize this data is also an important factor that facilitates research and any user trying to analyse given data. This report details the research behind the project. The project aims to construct semantic networks for various brain diseases and potentially retrieve hidden relations between them. This project also aims to make the visualized output for every brain disease, there is also the possibility of merging diseases to observe relations between them. This project focuses on identifying and implementing efficient methodologies in the creation of a semantic network. A simple summary of the steps involved in this project would be the following: building a corpus, creating a dictionary, developing algorithms for parsing data and then building algorithms to match this data and finally the aim is to visualize such a network. The report also briefly describes challenges faced and future recommendations to improve the project.
Evaluation of land cover changes and Black locust occurrence in agricultural landscape. Case study: Podolie and Častkovce cadastral areas, Slovakia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study presents spatial analysis of agricultural landscape changes in the Podolie and Častkovce cadastral areas since 1949. Data for analysis was obtained from historical aerial photographs (from 1949, 1986 and 2006), detailed field mapping and Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) monitoring. Land cover changes were assessed from the aerial photographs based on the CORINE land cover legend, environmental variables were derived from digital elevation model (DEM) and detailed geological and soil maps. Data was spatially compared and assessed by regression analysis for interpretation of Black locust occurrence. The most significant land cover changes occurred between 1949 and 1986 when agricultural areas were replaced by forest and semi-natural areas. One of the aspects of landscape changes is abandonment of agricultural landscape and occupancy this new transformed surfaces by invasive plant taxons (e. i. Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Black locust occurrence was mainly influenced by landscape management changes and subsequent land cover changes (afforestation from 1949 to 1986), especially in regions of dispersed settlements (Podolské and Korytnianské kopanice) after agricultural collectivisation. Environmental variables had little effect on Black locust expansion in these areas.
The tricho‐rhino‐phalangeal syndrome(s): Chromosome 8 long arm deletion: Is there a shortest region of overlap between reported cases? TRP I and TRP II syndromes: Are they separate entities?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Critical cytogenetic (re)evaluation of 2 of our own cases of tricho‐rhino‐phalangeal syndrome II (TRP II), or Langer‐Giedion syndrome (LGS), and 10 cases from the literature, suggests that the shortest region of overlap of the 8q deletion is a part of band q24. 1. This region is assumed to be causally related to this syndrome, and possibly also to TRP I syndrome which, therefore, may not be a causally separate entity.
Modeling and Computation of Unsteady Cavitating Flows Involved Thermal Effects Using Partially Averaged Navier–Stokes Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Partially Averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS) method is assessed with various values of the control parameters ([Formula: see text]–1.0, [Formula: see text]) by performing unsteady cavitating flows around a NACA0015 hydrofoil in a surrogate fluid of fluoroketone. Available experimental data of the cavity evolution and pressure are utilized to validate and evaluate the computational method. The results show that decreasing the control parameter [Formula: see text] can help to avoid the overestimations of the turbulence viscosity near the rear region of the cavity and can resolve more scales turbulence structure. The control parameter [Formula: see text] yields good predictions on cavitation shedding dynamics behavior and pressure distribution. Furthermore, the temperature around the hydrofoil undergoes a strong evolution that is contributed by the local evaporation and condensation processes. Interestingly, there are significant unsteady characteristics along the chordwise and spanwise directions of the hydrofoil. Finally, the thermal effect on cavitating flows is associated with the physical properties of fluid media. Evaporative cooling effects are more pronounced at high temperature and subsequently suppress the intensity of cavitation.
Oestrogenic Activity Associated with Non-feminizing Ovarian Tumours after the Menopause

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The fact that a certain group of ovarian tumours produce considerable quantities of oestrogen has been known for some time. However, it is only recently that the suggestion that all ovarian tumours may produce increased levels of oestrogen has been put forward. In this article we have reviewed 80 consecutive cases of post-menopausal ovarian tumour admitted to the gynaeco logical department at Hammersmith Hospital. Exfoliative cytology and histopathology were employed in the assess ment of oestrogen function. The cases were collected from the years 1954 to 1962 inclusive and reviewed to exclude any exogenous source of oestrogen or other hormone which might have had some effect on the reproductive tract. Oestrogenic influence was assessed by two indirect methods, which were: (a) the cornification index in the vaginal smear, and (b) histological examination of the endometrium.
[Antibiotic sensitivity of staphylococci associated with adenoviruses].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Antibiotic sensitivity to 8 staphylococcal strains was determined in artificial associations of bacteria and viruses before and after contact with adenoviruses of serotypes 2 and 7 under appropriate control. It was shown that after contact with the adenoviruses the antibiotic sensitivity of the staphylococci usually increased and they showed significant strain specificity. An attempt was made to explain the causes and mechanisms of the phenomena on the basis of the experimental and literature data.
Revisiting Boundary Scattering in Thermal Transport at the Nanometer Scale

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Understanding and exploiting thermal transport phenomena at the nanometer scale can lead to improved thermoelectric energy conversion, novel NEMs-based sensors and facilitate the scaling of semiconductor devices to atomistic scales. The increased surface area to volume ratio in micro- and nano-structures leads to the dominance of boundary scattering. Recent experimental work suggests that the impact is even more than previously understood. This paper reviews recent progress in modeling phonon scattering at rough surfaces.
Neurobiological correlates of burnout

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Maslach defined burnout syndrome first time as a syndrome involving (i) exhaustion, (ii) “depersonalization” – lack of empathy for or detachment from service recipients, and (iii) a reduced sense of professional accomplishment. Burnout leads to changes in autonomic system, immune and endocrine system. The aim of this paper was therefore to provide an overview of the literature on clinically significant burnout and their potential neurobiological and physiological correlates. Methods: All English articles published between till October 2021 were searched in PubMed, Science-Direct, Medline, GoogleScholar, using the keywords, burnout, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis, cortisol, stress, neurobiology, neurogenesis, BDNF, immune, biological, sympathetic, parasympathetic, autonomic nervous system, endocrine, metabolic, cognition, sleep, and neuroimaging in various combinations. The full text of relevant articles was obtained and their reference lists were reviewed for additional studies. Results: Burnout leads to alteration in autonomic, endocrine and immune system marked by deranged levels of various hormones and immune markers. It is also reflected as neuroimaging changes in various brain structures and may manifest as cognitive changes. Accelerated aging, increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes mellitus, increased allosteric load are some other manifestations of burnout that needs clinical attention. Conclusion: Future research with more homogeneous clinical samples, prospective experimental designs and challenge tests will help to delineating the underlying biological mechanisms of burnout. This will help to point to potential treatment targets.
Interferometric background reduction for femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering loss spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We present a purely optical method for background suppression in nonlinear spectroscopy based on linear interferometry. Employing an unbalanced Sagnac interferometer, an unprecedented background reduction of 17 dB over a broad bandwidth of 60 THz (2000 cm−1) is achieved and its application to femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering loss spectroscopy is demonstrated. Apart from raising the signal-to-background ratio in the measurement of the Raman intensity spectrum, this interferometric method grants access to the spectral phase of the resonant χ(3) contribution. The spectral phase becomes apparent as a dispersive lineshape and is reproduced numerically with a simple oscillator model.
The Sources of Microfinance Capital and its Effects on Farmers access to Credit in Ghana

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Farmers in Ghana face difficulties in accessing microfinance credit, and as a result, there is low accessibility to microfinance credit. This study explores the effects of sources of microfinance capital on farmers' access to credit. A total of 2734 individual household members were used in the final analysis to establish the relationship between the sources of microfinance capital and farmers' access to microfinance credit. The participants include clients of selected microfinance institutions and non-client households. Logistic regression models were employed for data analyses. The study has shown that microfinance capital's source significantly influences farmers' access to credit. The analysis further revealed that land ownership, gender, and literacy strongly correlate with farmers' access to credit. The study has also established that savings account, microfinance membership, and geographical location significantly influence the credit providers' decision-making process to grant a loan to the customer. Our findings suggest that microfinance institutions have not been able to perform their business effectively because of capitalization. Sensitization programs are needed to enable microfinance institutions to configure innovative financing methods to improve capitalization. There is a need to improve the sources of funds and capital mobilization to maximize their financial performance and increase farmers' access to credit. Education to farmers to understand credit providers' requirements can also increase farmers' access to microfinance credit.
Quality attributes of Cookies Fortified with Date Powder

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are important traditional crop, vital component of human diet in the Arab world. It has essential nutrients i.e. (vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers and carbohydrates) and potential health benefits. Date fruit was oven dried and milled. This study aims to evaluate the effect of date powder as a natural sweetener instead of sugar on the proximate chemical composition, physical properties and sensory characterizations of cookies. However, levels of replacement of samany date powder which used in the cookies formula were 5, 10, 20 and 40%. Proximate chemical composition of date Samany date were determined .It was noticed that the moisture percentage was of 54.74%, while the protein and fat contents were found at low levels being 1.61 and 0.77%, respectively. The ash and crude fiber were they constituted 2.36 and 6.51%, respectively. Total sugars were obtained at 47.27%, however, reducing and non – reducing sugar were given at 35.40 and 11.87%, respectively. The obtained results showed that increasing the date powder ratio led to increase total carbohydrates, crude fibers, ash, crude fat, moisture and protein contents. However, physical characteristics of cookies, i.e. thickness, diameter and speed factor of the prepared cookies decreased. The results of organoleptic criteria indicated that color had low score with increasing substitution ratio, on the other hand, both crispiness and texture were affected at 20% and 40% of date powder level. Our findings ascertained that the cookies obtained from 40% date powder had the lowest acceptability. Meanwhile, at substitution ratio of 10%, the quality of cookies was not adversely affected by the color, taste, crispiness, texture, odor and overall acceptability (p ≥0.05), so, it could be suggesting that date palm powder can be used and incorporated in bakery products up to 10% .Finally, it can be concluded that it is highly recommended to use dates powder in the manufacturing of cookies at a commercial scale where the nutritional value of the samples increased by increasing the replacement of date powder.
Acute conjunctivitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eye problems account for 1.5% of GP consultations in the UK, with a rate of 50 consultations per 1000 population per year. This equates to a yearly cost of 22 billion to the UK’s economy. It has been shown that 50% of sight loss could be avoided through improved eye care services and early detection of problems. To highlight this point, eye health has been chosen by the RCGP as a clinical priority between 2013 and 2016, with a particular focus on the elderly population and sight loss. Data obtained from GPs has revealed that 10–15% of the eye conditions that present to primary care involve the conjunctiva. Conjunctivitis is a particularly beneficial area about which to be knowledgeable, as it is one of the most common non-traumatic eye complaints and in many cases it is straightforward and self-limiting. This article aims to address what constitutes conjunctivitis, the different types, the clinical findings, and management including when to involve specialist services. It will also look at the differential diagnoses of the presenting symptom of the acute red eye.
Sequence and Functional Similarity between a Yeast Ribosomal Protein and the Escherichia coli S5 ram Protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The accurate and efficient translation of proteins is of fundamental importance to both bacteria and higher organisms. Most of our knowledge about the control of translational fidelity comes from studies of Escherichia coli. In particular, ram (ribosomal ambiguity) mutations in structural genes of E. coli ribosomal proteins S4 and S5 have been shown to increase translational error frequencies. We describe the first sequence of a ribosomal protein gene that affects translational ambiguity in a eucaryote. We show that the yeast omnipotent suppressor SUP44 encodes the yeast ribosomal protein S4. The gene exists as a single copy without an intron. The SUP44 protein is 26% identical (54% similar) to the well-characterized E. coli S5 ram protein. SUP44 is also 59% identical (78% similar) to mouse protein LLrep3, whose function was previously unknown (D.L. Heller, K.M. Gianda, and L. Leinwand, Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:2797-2803, 1988). The SUP44 suppressor mutation occurs near a region of the protein that corresponds to the known positions of alterations in E. coli S5 ram mutations. This is the first ribosomal protein whose function and sequence have been shown to be conserved between procaryotes and eucaryotes.
Low serum vitamin D in North Indian multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients: the role of diet and sunlight

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and malnutrition are major global health problems, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB complicating international efforts. The role of vitamin D in susceptibility to and as an adjunctive treatment for TB is being studied extensively, although no study has included MDR-TB patients in context to dietary profile with vitamin D levels and sunlight exposure.Objective: This study aimed to estimate vitamin D serum levels and examine their association with dietary intake of vitamin D and sun exposure in patients with MDR-TB.Methods: North Indian participants were enrolled in three groups: MDR-TB, drug-susceptible pulmonary TB (DS-PTB), and healthy controls. All consenting participants underwent the estimation of macro- and micronutrient intake and sunlight exposure using structured questionnaires. Serum biochemistry, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium levels, was measured, and the correlation between variables was determined.Results: 747 participants were enrolled. Significant differences among the three groups were found in mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, body mass index, macronutrient intake, dietary vitamin D and calcium content, and sun exposure index (SEI). All except sun exposure (SEI was highest in DS-PTB patients) were found to follow the trend: MDR-TB < DS-PTB < healthy controls. The mean serum vitamin D levels of all groups were deficient and correlated positively with dietary intake and SEI.Conclusion: In this study's we found significant association of serum vitamin D concentrations, dietary intake and sunlight exposure in MDR-TB, DS-PTB patients and healthy controls. Dietary intake may be more important than sun exposure in determining serum levels. However, the significance of this finding is uncertain. Further studies are required to confirm the association, direction, and potential for vitamin D supplementation to treat or prevent MDR-TB infection.
Body Composition, Nutritional Status and Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Protein energy malnutrition is highly prevalent and a risk factor for mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.In this study we have investigated the association of body composition parameters with nutritional status and outcomes in PD patients. Methods:We enrolled 63 PD patients between November 2000 to May 2008.On enrollment, demographic, clinical and biochemical data were recorded.Patients were followed to May 2011.Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).Results: Mean age was 54 years.At enrollment, the mean (± SD) serum albumin, creatinine and nPCR were 3.71 ± 0.59 g/dL, 11.38 ± 4.2 mg/dL and 0.94 ± 0.27 g/kg/day respectively.Mean (± SD) body mass index (BMI), phase angle (PA) and extracellular mass/body cell mass (ECM/BCM) ratio were 25.37 ± 5.46 Lbs/inch 2 , 6.06 ± 1.6 degrees and 1.21 ± 0.2 respectively.Albumin, and creatinine directly correlated with BMI (p=0.027 for albumin; p<0.0001 for creatinine) and PA (p<0.0001 for albumin; p=0.031 for creatinine) and inversely correlated with ECM/BCM ratio (p=0.001 for albumin; p=0.07 for creatinine).During the study period 26 patients expired.Patients who survived had higher BMI (p=0.05),PA (p=0.017) and lower ECM/BCM ratio (p=0.04)compared to those who expired.In Cox's multivariate analysis, adjusting for confounding variables, higher levels of PA (Relative risk: 0.52, p=0.009) and lower levels of ECM/BCM ratio (Relative risk: 1.039, p=0.035) were significantly and independently associated with increased survival in PD patients followed up to 11 years. Conclusions:Estimates of BMI, PA and ECM/BCM ratio reflect nutritional status and are important predictors of long term survival in PD patients.It may be useful to incorporate these parameters in the management of malnutrition and overall health in these patients.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI JASA LAUNDRY BERBASIS WEB PADA SYAM LAUNDRY

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The impact of technological developments is spoiling service companies. Laundry services at Syam Laundry Bekasi is a company engaged in laundry services. Syam Laundry does not use any computerized system to manage event data. Maintenance of customer data, event data, and delivery slips is still done manually, the solution to the Syam Laundry problem is to utilize web-based information technology in this system using the system development method, namely. a prototype of the Syam Laundry service information system can facilitate employee data entry by 66% to 100% in terms of recording transaction data and data security.