jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A case of early gastric cancer that endoscopic findings changed morphologically from type 0-IIa to type 0-IIc in a short period

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The patient was a 75-year-old woman. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) performed for examination of an anemia revealed an elevated and faded lesion (type 0-IIa) of 20-mm diameter located on the anterior wall of the upper gastric body. The EGD before the endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) performed 10 weeks later showed that the lesion had changed to a reddened and depressed lesion (type 0-IIc) . The ESD was performed another one week later, pathological examination of the removed lesion revealed that the mucosa was omitted mostly and almost no cancer cell existed in the depressed lesion and cancer cells existed in only the part of the surrounding protuberance part. Thereby we suggested that the protuberant part of the tumor was spontaneously fallen off.
Beta‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration: a case report and review of the literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Key Clinical Message Beta‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration ( BPAN ) is a rare disorder, which is increasingly recognized thanks to next‐generation sequencing. Due to a highly variable phenotype, patients may present to pediatrics, neurology, psychiatry, or internal medicine. It is therefore essential that physicians of different specialties are familiar with this severe and debilitating condition.
The effect of organic manures on the auxin content of soils and the “auxin balance” in soils

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Quantitative data for the rate of decomposition of β‐indolyl acetic acid added to soils have been obtained and the rate of decomposition shown to be very rapid. Normal dressings of organic manures such as dung and dried blood have been found to increase the auxin content of soils towards the maximum value in what has been previously described as the “normal auxin range” of soils. This increase may be maintained for a period of some months, and in the dried blood type of manures additional auxins arc produced as a result of their decomposition in the soil. It has been shown that β‐indolyl acetic acid is one of the auxins thus produced. Heavy dressings of organic manures may produce a considerable increase in auxin content of the soil but this increase is rapidly followed by a reduction to a value within the normal range. Moreover specially washed soils with a low auxin content show an increase in auxin content on ageing to a value within the normal range. These facts suggest the existence of a mechanism within the soil to control the soil auxin content within certain limits or suggest what is tentatively described as an “auxin balance” in the soil.
CO2 conversion by thermal plasma with carbon as reducing agent: high CO yield and energy efficiency

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A key problem in CO2 conversion by thermal plasma is suppressing the inverse reactions, CO + O → CO2 and CO + 0.5O2 → CO2, to simultaneously obtain high CO yield and energy efficiency. This can be done by quickly quenching the decomposed gas or rapidly taking away free oxygen from decomposed gas. In this paper, experiments of CO2 conversion by thermal plasma with carbon as a reducing agent are presented. Carbon quickly devoured free oxygen in thermal plasma decomposed gas, and not only is the inverse reaction completely suppressed, but the discharge energy to form oxygen atoms, oxygen molecular, and thermal energy is also reused. A CO2 conversion rate of 67%–94% and the corresponding electric energy efficiency of about 70% are achieved, both are much higher than that seen so far by other plasma implementations.
On the equation τ(λ(n))=ω(n)+k$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We investigate some properties of the positive integers \n$n$ that satisfy the equation $\\tau(\\lambda(n)) = \\omega(n)+k$ providing a complete \ndescription for the solutions when $k = 0, 1, 2$, and giving some \nproperties of the solutions in the other cases.
Modernization of national judicial systems in the context of international legal standards

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article analyzes the key provisions of the European Charter and its Explanatory Memorandum, which indicate the mandatory implementation of international standards at the level of national constitutions. The document emphasizes that the basic principles of judicial behavior should be enshrined in domestic regulations at the highest level, which provides guarantees of competence, independence and impartiality of judges and courts. This provision is mandatory for all European states, which requires the inclusion of relevant standards in constitutional acts. The article examines the example of Finland, where constitutional reform has ensured a clear separation of powers and independence of the judiciary. The Constitution of Finland defines three branches of government, including the judiciary, which is exercised by independent courts such as the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court. The authors also explore the problems and challenges associated with the implementation of international standards. In particular, questions arise regarding the accuracy of legal wording in international documents and the need to adapt them to national contexts. Based on the analysis of the constitutional provisions of various European countries, such as Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Latvia and others, conclusions are drawn on general trends and approaches to the constitutional modernization of judicial systems. Each constitution defines the basic provisions on the judiciary, although the details remain at the level of other legislative acts. This allows for flexibility and adaptability of the judicial system to changing conditions. The authors emphasize the importance of constitutional and legal regulation of the judiciary and the need for its compliance with international standards to strengthen confidence in the judiciary and ensure effective justice. Key words: international standards, judicial authorities, judicial system, justice, constitutional and legal regulation.
Leadership for Sustainable Development Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The development of a Sustainable Development Education Strategy (SDE) for Yorkshire and Humber is indicative of the growing significance of sustainable development policy and the increasing significance of regionalisation in the planning of education and training. Sustainable development education is about the learning needed to maintain and improve our quality of life and the quality of life for generations to come. It is about equipping individuals, communities, groups, businesses and government to live and act sustainably; as well as giving them an understanding of the environmental, social and economic issues involved. The EcoCampus project, derived from work undertaken by the University of Central Lancashire on environmental management systems and Going for Green's commitment to greening educational institutions, offers opportunities for SDE leadership and systemic change. It may serve as a useful example of what might possibly be achieved when the policy and practices of an organisation and its wider environment connect.
Effects of solvent properties on the Soxhlet extraction of diterpenoid lactones from Andrographis paniculata leaves

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A solid-liquid extraction was performed for the leaves of Andrographis paniculatain order to obtain two bioactive components, andrographolide and deoxyandrographolide. The problem of hydrolysable components and solvent removal difficulties in the conventional extraction led us to study further the effects of solvent properties on the conventional extraction using Soxhlet method in order to determine the best solvent or solvent mixture for high extraction yield of A. paniculata. This solvent selection is very important prior to alternative extraction methods since it can be used as a pre- extraction solvent, main solvent, or co-solvent. Based on the yield of extract and andrographolide and deoxyandrographolide content, methanol was found to be the best solvent.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of the increase in intracellular Ca2+ induced in cytotoxic T lymphocytes by cellular antigen.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) in cytolytic T lymphocytes in response to target cell binding was investigated by ratio image fluorescence microscopy. Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores occurred at a site distal to target cell contact and was transient. Extracellular Ca2+ influx resulted in an increase in [Ca2+]i that was prolonged and distributed more proximal to the target cell. Oscillations in [Ca2+]i were observed after target cell contact, although the periodicity was dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+. The Ag-specific reorientation of cytoplasmic granules occurred well after [Ca2+]i had begun to decline to a resting level, but was dependent on extracellular Ca2+. These studies indicate that the Ag-stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i exhibits considerable spatial and temporal variation, and that these characteristics are altered by the availability of extracellular Ca2+. The results also suggest that these changes in [Ca2+]i may play a role in the cytoplasmic events that accompany T cell-mediated cytolysis.
Group work in the public health context: A proposal for training in psychology

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The entry of psychologists into the public health sector in Brazil is usually connected to a traditional clinical model, and, thus, marked by a lack of training for group work. A reflection on the training of psychologists for group work is essential. Aiming at contributing to this theme, the objective of this article is to discuss the training for group work in the public health sector. In particular, we aim to introduce a proposal for training in psychology in a Brazilian public university, covering a theoretical–practical module, as well as basic and professionalizing internship programmes.
The Potential Disruptive Impact of Internet 2 Based Technologies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper assesses the development of emerging computing applications that fall under the family of digital applications and technologies. These applications and technologies — Internet 2 based technologies for short — enable new ways of connectivity for networking, interfacing and producing content. They have the capacity and the force to disrupt existing social and economic relations and thus have major impacts on society. Hence, the term ‘e-ruptions’: emerging e-trends with potential disruptive power. This paper investigates the socio-economic impact of emerging e-ruptions, in an attempt to try and contextualise their implications and relevance for policy formulation.\n\nThe paper starts by analyzing the available evidence on the usage growth of these trends. It then spells out the drivers of this growth, the different types of social and economic impacts . Building on this analysis, it puts forward interpretations on the sustainability of these trends and on the main implications for innovation and competitiveness . The conclusions point to further research needs, and European policy options . In the annex , the main empirical data and a rough impact assessment are given.
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue: Presidents and the People, 1929-1959

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue: Presidents and the People, 1929–1959. By Walter Johnson. (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1960. x + 390 pp. Notes, selected bibliography, and index. $6.00.) Get access William E. Leuchtenburg William E. Leuchtenburg Columbia University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 47, Issue 4, March 1961, Pages 727–728, https://doi.org/10.2307/1889640 Published: 01 March 1961
Effects of irradiation conditions on the radiation sensitivity of microorganisms in the presence of OH-radical scavengers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The basic characteristics of the impact of scavengers of OH radicals on radiation sensitivity of both bacteria and yeast are the same in a wide interval of doses and dose rates. The specific protection effect is much higher under the normoxic conditions. This protective effect is inversely proportional to the rate constant of the reaction between the scavenger and the OH radicals. It seems to be obvious that the presence of oxygen during irradiation is a necessary condition for the protective action of the scavengers which may be partially controlled by some transport processes and may be connected with the radiation sensitivity of the cells. On the other hand, the change of the reaction order of the reaction of the scavenger with the OH radicals has turned out to be unimportant.
Combined calorimetric, spectroscopic and microscopic investigation on the inclusion complex from cyclocurcumin and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin in aqueous solution and Kinetics of thermal cis-trans isomerization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The complexation reaction between cyclocurcumin (CyCur), a natural curcuminoid with bioactive effects, and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-βCD), one of the more versatile and tolerate β-cyclodextrin derivates, was investigated in aqueous solution at 298 K. The UV–vis spectral changes of CyCur in the presence of SBE-βCD indicate the formation of the host-guest inclusion complex according to a 1:1 stoichiometry. The binding constant (Kb) determined by applying the Benesi-Hildebrand model was comparable to the value obtained by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) measurements. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters of the SBE-βCD/CyCur interactions demonstrate that the complexation process is enthalpically driven. Interestingly, microscopy analysis highlights the tendency of cyclocurcumin to aggregate into spherical fluorescent structures able to change their aspect and morphology in the presence of SBE-βCD. Finally, the thermal cis-trans isomerization rates of CyCur in the temperature range 294–314 K and the energetic parameters calculated by Arrhenius and Eyring plots were spectroscopically determined in SBE-βCD aqueous solution.
PERENCANAAN ARSITEKTUR SISTEM INFORMASI PT. MA’SOEM ARIAS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ORACLE ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE FRAMEWORK

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Utilization of information systems and information technology is needed in supporting business processes of a company, because the information system is one of the important things in the key to success of a company. Along with the development of information systems have an information system architecture model, where the information system architecture is necessary to plan the information system architecture to be built in the future, where the information system architecture as a spear to improve the competitiveness of a company with other companies. PT. Ma'soem Arias is one of Pertamina lubricant distributor in West Java. The business activities carried out are to sell Pertamina lubricants to direct customers and direct lubricant procurement from Pertamina's producers. PT. Ma'soem Arias until now in carrying out its business process has not used the information system so needed an Enterprise Architecture planning for PT. Ma'soem Arias.Enterprise architecture model used in this research is by using Oracle Enterprise Architecture Framework (OEAF) model. The advantages of OEAF is to use object oriented concept, where the concept approaches the problem from the perspective of the object and not the perspective of the functional so it is easy to be understood. The method used is Oracle Architecture Development Process (OADP) method, where OADP method has several stages, ie from start of study about business architecture, architecture vision, current state architecture and future state architecture.The result of this research is recommendation of information system of PT. Ma'soem Arias is a blueprint for enterprise architecture planning that succeeds in defining 4 main business processes, the data architecture produces 24 entities, 4 applications and for its technological architecture produces technology architecture proposal.
Intraperitoneal insulin infusion: treatment option for type 1 diabetes resulting in beneficial endocrine effects beyond glycaemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion ( CIPII ) is a treatment option for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus who fail to reach adequate glycaemic control despite intensive subcutaneous ( SC ) insulin therapy. CIPII has clear advantages over SC insulin administration in terms of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and has been shown to improve glycaemic regulation. Due to the delivery of insulin predominantly in the portal vein, as opposed to systemically, CIPII offers a unique research model to investigate the effects of insulin on endocrine and metabolic parameters in vivo . The aim of the present article is to provide an overview of the literature with respect to the effects of CIPII on glucose management, quality of life, complications and costs, with additional focus on metabolic and endocrine aspects. Finally, future use and research objectives are discussed.
The impact of the difference in total diameter of metastatic tumor as a prognostic factor for advanced gastric cancer treated with systemic chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: In a previous study, patients with resectable gastric cancer and enlarged lymph nodes that had a diameter ≥ 15 mm preoperatively were found to have worse outcomes. However, data on the significance of metastatic tumor diameter for stage IV gastric cancer treated with systemic chemotherapy are not available. Methods: This is a retrospective review of patients who received chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine and platinum for stage IV gastric cancer at our institution between June 2009 and February 2017. Tumor lesions with long-axis diameters ≥ 10 mm and lymph nodes with short-axis diameters ≥ 15 mm as measured on CT scan before chemotherapy were regarded as measurable lesions. Patients were divided into groups based on the total diameters of all measurable lesions. Patient characteristics, toxicities, and survival were compared between the groups. Results: Among the 104 patients who received fluoropyrimidine and platinum based chemotherapy for stage IV gastric cancer, 62 had measurable lesions. The median total diameter was 54 mm, and 55 mm was set as the cut-off value for grouping patients into large (≥55 mm) and small Conclusion: A total metastatic tumor diameter ≥ 55 mm was a negative prognostic factor for advanced gastric cancer treated with systemic chemotherapy.
Spherical Charge Analysis with Ab Initio Wave Functions: Modified Oxidation Number of Open Shell Molecule, CH2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Spherical charge analysis based on the difference of spherically averaged electron density (Δρ0(R)) was extended to various open shell states of CH2 using wave functions obtained from RHF, UHF, and full CI calculations. The Δρ0(R) values around C and H atoms were calculated with natural orbitals to interpret the oxidation state of component atoms for the lowest and second lowest 3B1 and 1A1 states. Modified oxidation numbers are assigned systematically to the component atoms in CH2 based on the extended Δρ0(R) analysis. The effect of electron correlation on the Δρ0(R) values around the nucleus in this system was found to be so small that the modified oxidation numbers are not changed by fair introduction of electron correlation effect into the calculation. The difference of spin multiplicity and state symmetry on the Δρ0(R) curves is also discussed.
THE EFFECT OF X-RAYS ON THE ENZYMATIC SYSTEM OF COENZYME A OF THE PIGEON LIVER

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It was shown that, 6 to 7 days after irradiation of pigeons in doses 2 to 3 thousand r, the intensity of acetylation processes in liver homogenates fell from a mean normal value of 465 plus or minus 16 mu g sulfanilamide per g fresh tissue in 20 min to a corresponding value of 119 plus or minus 8.5 mu g. Inhibition of acetylation has also been demonstrated with other acetyl acceptors: paminobenzoic acid, p-aminoazobenzene, p-aminoazobenzenesulfonate and a dye obtained by coupling cresidine with acyl-H-acid. The general effect of inhibition of the acetylation system is due to the decrease in coenzyme A concentration in the liver as well as to the decrease in activity of the protein component of the system. The degree of inhibitlon of the enzymtic component of the acetylating system has been correlated with the severity of the radiation sydrome. The results obtained indicate that the labile link in the system, affected by the radiation, is the catalytic reaction of acetyl group transfer from coenzyme A to the acceptor, that is, the enzyme transacetylase. (auth)
Effect of long non‑coding RNA AK021443 on promoting hepatic fibrosis in vitro

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Long non‑coding (lnc)RNAs serves an important role in the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis. lncRNA AK021443 is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and promotes HCC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of AK021443 on hepatic fibrosis. AK021443 was overexpressed in the human LX‑2 hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line using a plasmid to observe its effect on hepatic fibrosis in vitro. A Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay was performed to assess cell proliferation, whereas cell cycle distribution and related proteins were analyzed via flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively. The protein expression levels of epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT)‑associated and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were also analyzed via western blotting. Immunofluorescence was conducted to observe the generation of collagen1, and the activity of inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also analyzed. Compared with the pcDNA group, AK021443 overexpression significantly promoted cell proliferation, enhanced the transition of cells from G1 to S phase and increased the expression of cyclin‑dependent kinase 2 and cyclin D1, but reduced the p21 protein expression levels. In addition, EMT capabilities, ECM deposition and the generation of collagen1 were increased by AK021443 overexpression compared with the pcDNA group. Moreover, AK021443 overexpression significantly increased the release of inflammatory cytokines, including TGF‑β, interleukin‑1β, platelet derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor and ROS, compared with the pcDNA group. In conclusion, the present study suggested that AK021443 overexpression increased HSC proliferation, activation and the proinflammatory response, indicating the potential role of AK02144 in aggravating hepatic fibrosis.