jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Building the social

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study explores the importance of the means of ensuring water supply in the formation of the architectural profile and basic social organization of Pompeii. It sees the city’s domestic water supply, for over two centuries ensured through rainwater-harvesting areas, basins and cisterns situated mainly in and below the many atria, as a stabilizing factor of both cityscape and household. Through the introduction of the city aqueduct in the 1st century AD and the creation of a generous network of public fountains this situation changes and the need to maintain the traditional organization of the “houseful”, comprising enlarged family, slaves and dependents of various kind including shopkeepers, is lessened; the physical proximity between those of different status renegotiated. This development, witnessed in adaptations of the architecture, can be followed through close study of the standing structures in Insula V 1. The hallmarks are the creation of upperfloor living quarters seemingly independent from the life of the large households of the atrium houses, and in parallel the introduction of private water lines from the city aqueduct. The remodelling that resulted in the creation of the double-atrium house of Caecilius Iucundus is focal to the discussion since it offers a coeval chronological fix point in the AD 40s for both remodelling and obtention of piped water.
Evolution of nonlinear Rayleigh waves in a coated substrate

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Nonlinear Rayleigh waves propagating in a substrate coated with a thin elastic film are studied numerically. The evolution model consists of the nonlinear spectral equations of Zabolotskaya [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, 2569–2575 (1992)] augmented ad hoc to include film dispersion. The dispersion relation is obtained from linear theory but is otherwise exact. Both loading and stiffening films are considered. Computations are performed for nonlinear evolution of an initially sinusoidal Rayleigh wave under three distinct dispersion regimes corresponding to different film thicknesses. The validity of the evolution model is also examined.
Proposed minimal standards for description of methanogenic archaea

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Methanogenic archaea are a diverse, polyphyletic group of strictly anaerobic prokaryotes capable of producing methane as their primary metabolic product. It has been over three decades since minimal standards for their taxonomic description have been proposed. In light of advancements in technology and amendments in systematic microbiology, revision of the older criteria for taxonomic description is essential. Most of the previously recommended minimum standards regarding phenotypic characterization of pure cultures are maintained. Electron microscopy and chemotaxonomic methods like whole-cell protein and lipid analysis are desirable but not required. Because of advancements in DNA sequencing technologies, obtaining a complete or draft whole genome sequence for type strains and its deposition in a public database are now mandatory. Genomic data should be used for rigorous comparison to close relatives using overall genome related indices such as average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene is also required and can be supplemented by phylogenies of the mcrA gene and phylogenomic analysis using multiple conserved, single-copy marker genes. Additionally, it is now established that culture purity is not essential for studying prokaryotes, and description of Candidatus methanogenic taxa using single-cell or metagenomics along with other appropriate criteria is a viable alternative. The revisions to the minimal criteria proposed here by the members of the Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Methanogenic Archaea of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes should allow for rigorous yet practical taxonomic description of these important and diverse microbes.
Interfaces in the acquisition of syntax

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We introduce empirical work on Romance language acquisition with respect to the interfaces of syntax with other modules of grammar (internal interfaces) and other domains of cognition (external interfaces). We do so by choosing specific phenomena within the following interfaces: syntax-morphology, syntax-semantics and syn-tax-pragmatics. In the domain of syntax-morphology we focus on grammatical gender, with respect to the syntax-semantics interface we focus on adjectival placement (pre- and post-nominal) and with regard to the syntax-discourse/pragmatics interface we review work on the null/overt subject distribution. Finally, we summarize research on articles, suggesting that articles represent a multiple interface. We provide examples from different types of learners and across the four major Romance languages French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. While our central goal is to summarize and generalize across major findings, we will also point to potential problems concerning the interface approach, e.g. the association of particular phenomena with a specific interface and the assumption that internal interfaces are less problematic than external ones.
An EPR study into the effect of annealing on both the Mn2+ and free radical signal in lentil

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The results of an EPR investigation on dry lentil (macrosperma) are reported in the present work. The EPR spectrum of lentil is composed of an equally spaced sextet and a single weak resonance line appearing at g=2.0050. Whole intact individual and decorticated seeds and testa were studied separately; however, ground lentil was used throughout the work to avoid any possible problems arising from the microwave cavity filling factor. Although intact and decorticated seeds were found to exhibit both Mn2+ and radical signals, the testa exhibited only the radical signal. An increase and decrease of Mn2+ and radical signals were observed, respectively, below room temperature. Above room temperature, they both decreased and these decreases were irreversible. The kinetics of these decreases were studied in detail over a temperature range of room–423 K by annealing samples at different temperatures for various times.
Revision of the genera Pareuthria Strebel, 1905, Glypteuthria Strebel, 1905 and Meteuthria Thiele, 1912 (Gastropoda: Buccinulidae) with the description of three new genera and two new species from Southwestern Atlantic waters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Pastorino, Guido (2016): Revision of the genera Pareuthria Strebel, 1905, Glypteuthria Strebel, 1905 and Meteuthria Thiele, 1912 (Gastropoda: Buccinulidae) with the description of three new genera and two new species from Southwestern Atlantic waters. Zootaxa 4179 (3): 301-344, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4179.3.1
Predict Harmonic Distortion at a Distribution Feeder Network using a Reverse Optimization Solution

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The successful culimination of my dissertation is rooted in the collective efforts and support of many people. I would like to express my gratitude for their invaluable contribution. Foremost, I would like to thank my research advisor, Prof. William Mack Grady for his guidance and support. I would like to thank him for his enduring faith and direction that enabled me to work through all the trials and tribulations that accompany research. I would also like to thank him for the much-needed financial support while he employed me as his Teaching Assistant. I thank the members of my dissertation committee that included, Prof. William T. Guy Jr.,
Short‐term burning treatments and ecological interactions in the herb layer of false thornveld of the eastern province

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Abstract The effects of five years of controlled burning on total floristic composition and on some important species were investigated. The most marked effects of fire are shown in the reduction of numbers of species and the increase of grass relative to forbs. In addition, Themeda triandra is favoured by frequent burning but gymbopogon plurinodis is favoured by longer intervals between fires. The seral status of these species in this ecosystem is discussed and the implications to pasture management pointed out. Species composition of the community is shown to be more strongly determined by habitat factors than by fire at present, and the forb component is the more sensitive indicator of these environmental gradients. The possible significance of the environmental gradients to long‐term management plans is discussed. Uittreksel Ondersoek is ingestel na die invloed wat beheerde brande, oor vyf jaar uitgevoer, het op die totale samestelling van plantsoorte en op sekere belangrike plantsoorte. Die mees opvallende invloed van vuur is die vermindering van die aantal soorte en die vermeerdering van grasse in verhouding tot breëblaarkruidsoorte. Voorts is Themeda triandra dew herhaaldelike afbranding begunstig terwyl Cymbopogon plurinodis bevoordeel word deur langer rusperiodes tussen vuur. Die posisie van die twee soorte in die plantsuksessie en die implikasies vir weidingsbeheer word bespreek. Daar word aangetoon dat die plantsoortsamestelling sterker bepaal word deur habitat as deur brande. Die breëblaar‐komponent van die gemeenskap is die mees sensitiewe aanduier van hierdie faktore. Die moontlike betekenis van die omgewingsfaktore vir langtermyn beplanning word bespreek.
Anger Expression in the Picture-Frustration Study Under Stressful Conditions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In order to study anger expression in health and illness, the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration study was administered to hospitalized depressives, parents of seriously ill children, and healthy controls. A follow-up study then compared responses of acutely and chronically ill adults. Externally directed aggression was lower in people experiencing more severe stress, and was negatively correlated with external locus of control and with depression. It is suggested that within limits outer-direction of blame for frustration may characterize unstressed, well-adjusted people, and that further research with the Rosenzweig in relation to assertion training would be valuable.
Impact of Soil Health Card on Determinants of Fertilizer Consumption and Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Gujarat, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study was undertaken with a view to assess the impact of soil health card to identify the factors affect on fertilizer consumption and fertilizer use efficiency in sugarcane and kharif paddy crops in South Gujarat region of Gujarat State. The multistage random sampling technique comprised of 224 farmers was taken for the study. The production function analysis employed for determinants of fertilizer use indicated that annual total income of farmers, short term credit, one year lagged price and educational level were found the major influencing factors for determining fertilizers consumption in sugarcane and kharif paddy in general, for with and without Soil Health Card farmers. The production function analysis employed for fertilizer use efficiency indicated that there existed a variation in the production elasticities of resource inputs between the crops and groups of farmers under study. In general, area under the crop, human labours, phosphorus and other working capital were the important resource variables positively and significantly influencing the crop output in general for with and without Soil Health Card farmers. The nitrogen and manure showed the negative and significant effect on crops output when farmers used these resources excessively.
Perceptions of School Nurses Regarding Obesity in School-Age Children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Obesity is epidemic in the nation's school-age population with African American and Hispanic children and adolescents specifically at risk. School nurses at elementary and middle public schools in the Missouri 8th Congressional District were surveyed regarding their perceptions of childhood obesity. School nurses supported preventive interventions and were knowledgeable of the risks of childhood obesity but were less accepting of treatment and counseling for obese children in the school setting. One third of the school nurses did not recommend treatment for weight loss, and half of the nurses provided overweight children with counseling and referral only when parents asked for help. Perceptions of school nurses regarding childhood obesity identified in this study included the following: (a) counseling for obesity is difficult, (b) parental support is lacking, and (c) competence in providing counseling is low. These perceptions are barriers to school nurses taking a more active role in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.
Fatigue crack propagation properties of copper nano-films with controlled surface oxide layer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of surface oxide layer on fatigue crack propagation properties of copper (Cu) nano-films. Fatigue crack propagation experiments in about 500-nm-thick Cu nano-films with native and thermal surface oxide layer were conducted under in situ field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) observation. Specimens with native surface oxide layer with a thickness of about one nm, and with thermal surface oxide layer with a thickness of about six nm were fabricated. Experimental results showed that the fatigue damage area around crack in Cu nano-films with thermal surface oxide layer was narrower than in Cu nano-films with native surface oxide layer. Fatigue crack propagation rate (da/dN) is roughly the same in Cu nano-films with thermal surface oxide layer and with native surface oxide layer in lower stress intensity factor range (ΔK). However, da/dN of Cu nano-films with thermal surface oxide layer is slightly faster than that of Cu nano-films with native surface oxide layer in higher ΔK.
Identifying Potential Barriers to Physical Activity Adherence: Anxiety Sensitivity and Body Mass as Predictors of Fear During Exercise

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A growing body of work suggests that obese adults are less likely to adhere to exercise than normal-weight adults because they experience greater levels of discomfort and distress during exercise sessions. The present study introduces and provides a preliminary test of the hypothesis that the distress experienced during exercise among persons with elevated body mass index is particularly high among those who fear somatic arousal (i.e. elevated anxiety sensitivity [AS]). Young adults were randomly assigned to complete 20 min of treadmill exercise (at 70% of their age-adjusted predicted maximum heart rate) or 20 min of rest. Body mass, AS, and negative affect were measured at baseline, and fear was measured at 4-min intervals during the experimental phase. Consistent with the authors' hypothesis, there was a significant Exercise x BMI x ASI interaction (sr(2) = .08), suggesting that the greatest fear levels during exercise were observed among participants with high body mass, but only if they also had elevated AS. These findings offer a new approach for identifying specific vulnerable individuals and have clear clinical implications, given that the amplification factor of AS can be modified with clinical intervention.
The Generalized Matrix Separation Problem: Algorithms

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

When given a generalized matrix separation problem, which aims to recover a low rank matrix $L_0$ and a sparse matrix $S_0$ from $M_0=L_0+HS_0$, the work \cite{CW25} proposes a novel convex optimization problem whose objective function is the sum of the $\ell_1$-norm and nuclear norm. In this paper we detail the iterative algorithms and its associated computations for solving this convex optimization problem. We present various efficient implementation strategies, with attention to practical cases where $H$ is circulant, separable, or block structured. Notably, we propose a preconditioning technique that drastically improved the performance of our algorithms in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and robustness. While this paper serves as an illustrative algorithm implementation manual, we also provide theoretical guarantee for our preconditioning strategy. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Pelatihan Pengolahan Produk Ikan Asap Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Produk

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Tanah Toa Village is one of the gods that belongs to the Kajang sub-district, Bulukumba district. So far, Tanah Toa has been recognized as a national cultural heritage, especially in the Kajang Dalam area. The non-coastal location makes agricultural activities the dominant activity among the community. Only a few residents run the business of smoking fish. Pera smoked fish business actors obtain raw materials for skipjack tuna in the Bonto Maritime area which is a coastal area. While the production of smoked fish is sold to markets around the Kajang sub-district and the city of Bulukumba. The quality of smoking that is not maximized causes smoked fish to not last long. Smoked fish produced can only last a maximum of 3 days. This makes it difficult for smoked fish production to be traded outside the province or made into souvenirs for tourists who come from out of town. The durability of the smoked fish produced is not yet good because the smoking process only lasts about 2 hours, so the water content is still there. The use of fish smoking technology is also not owned by business actors, making it difficult for business actors to have difficulty in producing good quality smoked fish.
Indexing Of Three Dimensions Objects Using GIST, Zernike & PCA Descriptors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a new approach to object to recognition based on the combination of Zernike moments, descriptors Gist and PCA pair wise applied to color images. The recognition of objects are based on two approaches of classification the first use neural networks (NN) for learning stage and gratitude as well to the Support Vector Machines (SVM). The experimental results showed that the recognition by SVM is better than NN. We illustrate the proposed method on color images, including objects from the database COIL-100.
Disintegration of Partial Denitrification Granules\nat High Nitrate Concentration

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

It is well acknowledged that high\nnitrate concentration would negatively\naffect the biological denitrification activity, especially in the\npresence of nitrite accumulation. In this study, a novel granular\npartial denitrification (PD) process was developed, and the impact\nof nitrate concentration (120–960 mg N/L) on PD granules was\ninvestigated by close monitoring of the operational performance, physicochemical\ncharacteristics, and microbial community. Results indicated that the\neffluent nitrite increased with the nitrate concentration, with a\nmaximum value of 492.4 mg N/L obtained. And the maximum denitrification\nactivity in situ was found not to be decreased despite high nitrite\naccumulation; it was maintained at 0.24 g N/g VSS/h, suggesting the\nhigh tolerance of PD granules to the nitrite. The granule size increased\nwith the influent nitrate, and the compact PD granules, however, were\nobserved to be disintegrated at 960 mg N/L of nitrate, which was likely\nattributed to the substrate diffusion limitation in larger granules,\nwith the cavity formed in its inner part. In addition, microbial analysis\nrevealed that bacterial richness and the diversity of PD granules\nwere decreased, and <i>Gracilibacteria</i> that was supposed\nto be responsible for maintaining the PD granule structure was largely\nreduced at a high nitrate concentration, which was likely to be another\nmajor reason for the disintegration. This study revealed the potential\ncauses for the disintegration of PD granules, which offer theoretical\nsupport and technical guidance to ensure the stability of PD granules\nin treating high nitrate wastes for efficient nitrite production.
A Large-Scale Systematic Evaluation of Algorithms Using Ground-Penetrating Radar for Landmine Detection and Discrimination

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A variety of algorithms for the detection of landmines and discrimination between landmines and clutter objects have been presented. We discuss four quite different approaches in using data collected by a vehicle-mounted ground-penetrating radar sensor to detect landmines and distinguish them from clutter objects. One uses edge features in a hidden Markov model; the second uses geometric features in a feed-forward order-weighted average network; the third employs spectral features as its basis; and the fourth clusters edge histograms. We present the results of a large-scale cross-validation evaluation that uses a diverse set of data collected over 41 807.57 $\hbox{m}^{2}$ of ground, including 1593 mine encounters. Finally, we discuss the results of that ranking and what one can conclude concerning the performance of these four algorithms in various settings.
ICAL Getting Started

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This document describes how to use the software ICAL, the Internal Calibration IDL project. ICAL (Internal Calibration) performs all algorithmic steps necessary for characterising and calibrating short-term instrument drifts. \n \nThe "Getting Started" for the Internal Calibration Software is a short introduction how to use ICAL in IDL. A complete User Manual is provided separately in [AD - 2]. The design and algorithms of Internal Calibration is described in the TerraSAR-X "Calibration Section Design Document" [AD - 1].
Correction for Tachiyama et al., The flagellar motor protein FliL forms a scaffold of circumferentially positioned rings required for stator activation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Microbial communities are found throughout the biosphere, from human guts to glaciers, from soil to activated sludge. Understanding the statistical properties of such diverse communities can pave the way to elucidate the common mechanisms ...Multiple ecological forces act together to shape the composition of microbial communities. Phyloecology approaches—which combine phylogenetic relationships between species with community ecology—have the potential to disentangle such forces but are often ...