jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF THE RULES CHANGE ON THE COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY OF GRECO-ROMAN WRESTLERS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Annotation. The article is about the problem of the rules change influence on Greco-Roman wrestlers’ competitive activity. Many research workers and experts affirm that the changes of competition rules influenced the quality of wrestling and it demands reasonable changes in the methodology of sportsmen training. Research methods: scientific and methodical literature analysis, video materials analysis, statistical manipulation of mathematical data. Materials: To reveal the peculiarities of the competitive activity after the rules change in 2013 we carried out the comparative analysis of Russian Championship 2006 and Russian Championship 2013 in all weight categories. Results: 198 combats were analyzed by means of quantitative - qualitative analysis method of the competitive activity with the help of the video materials. Conclusion: The analysis of the video materials showed that that the changes had positive impact on the wrestlers’ activity. Wrestling became more dynamic but as the rules of the previous years provided standard positions, which mainly defined the winner, wrestlers’ technical arsenal turned out to be low and this influenced the quality and quantity indices of the technical actions and success. The research results reveal the necessity of the Greco-Roman wrestlers’ training process perfection taking into account the changes of competition rules. New rules demand hard and intensive work both in technical and physical training.
LOAD: Local Orientation Adaptive Descriptor for Texture and Material Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a novel local feature, called Local Orientation Adaptive Descriptor (LOAD), to capture regional texture in an image. In LOAD, we proposed to define point description on an Adaptive Coordinate System (ACS), adopt a binary sequence descriptor to capture relationships between one point and its neighbors and use multi-scale strategy to enhance the discriminative power of the descriptor. The proposed LOAD enjoys not only discriminative power to capture the texture information, but also has strong robustness to illumination variation and image rotation. Extensive experiments on benchmark data sets of texture classification and real-world material recognition show that the proposed LOAD yields the state-of-the-art performance. It is worth to mention that we achieve a 65.4\% classification accuracy-- which is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest record by far --on Flickr Material Database by using a single feature. Moreover, by combining LOAD with the feature extracted by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), we obtain significantly better performance than both the LOAD and CNN. This result confirms that the LOAD is complementary to the learning-based features.
Geology and geoheritage of Bukit Marak, Bachok, Kelantan.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Geological heritage or also known as geoheritage is one of the subdiscipline in geology. It focuses on the developing and conserving geological sites that have the geoheritage values. Sites that have numbers of unique geological features such as karst landform, granite hills and rivers are conserved and developed for future generation. The objectives of the study are clear as to produce an updated geological map and to identify the geoheritage and geotourism potential of the study area. The study area was maped as it has an outdated geological data. Bachok is mainly known for the groundwater aquifer in terms of geology. But, some places in Bachok such as Bukit Marak can be a good geoheritage sites as it possesses so many geological features that can linked up with geoheritage values and able to attract visitors. In order to recognize any geoheritage sites, there are several systematic steps which are inventory, characterization, classification, assessment, and evaluation of potential geoheritage resources in the study area. These methods were used to verify whether Bukit Marak can be a good geoheritage site or not. The analysis is clear that the study area can be a good potential of geotourism and need to be conserved and developed for the visitors.
Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy of Some Species of Genus Solanum (Solanaceae) With Special Referance to the Importance of Trichomes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The trichomes are taxonomically very important because of their use in plant classification with other morphological characters. This study provides information about trichomes of six species add name of species here of genus Solanum. This study will also helpful to produce more information to develop modern nomenclature for trichomes. The plant material was taken from Sindh University Herbarium as well as new plant substance was gathered from the field for the study. During the trichomal analysis the plant components were observed under stereo zoom microscope. Provisional and long-term slides were produced. For the scanning electron microscopic observation, the plant material was treated with ethanol alcohol for 20 minutes, ca 1mm2 piece of specimens were fitted on the stubs made of metal with double-sided cellophane tape and also covered with C-30-50 nm gold by Jeol JFC- 1500 Ion sputter machine. After coating samples were observed as well as pictures were captured on different magnifications by enhancing voltage between 5-15 KV by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Jeol JSM-T200 & Jeol JSM-T6380 at Biological Research Centre and Central Research Laboratory Karachi, University of Karachi.
“London Horrors” (1861): John Hollingshead’s Investigative Journalism and the Multi-Genre Evolution of Social Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article analyzes how the series ‘London Horrors’ documented the living conditions of the underprivileged sections of the urban population for the Morning Post (1772-1937). Its writer, John Hollingshead (1827-1904), did not only aim to provide a testimonial on the effects of nineteenth-century social transformations but also to stimulate societal reflection among a growing reading public. Looking at ‘London Horrors’ as an early example of social research, this article examines the series’ narrative schemes, Hollingshead’s methodological reflections, and the strategies he employs to raise political awareness among his audience. The expanding and commercializing market of journals and magazines of the nineteenth century, the article argues, constituted an important context for the multi-genre evolution of social thought.
The Role of Parental Knowledge and Attitudes about ADHD and Perceptions of Treatment Response in the Treatment Utilization of Families of Children with ADHD

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present study examined the impact of parental knowledge and attitudes about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and parental perceptions of treatment response on the utilization of behavioral and pharmacological ADHD treatments, using data from a longitudinal treatment study designed to assess physical growth in children with ADHD. It also explored if these relations were moderated by race/ethnicity. Participants include 230 (74% Hispanic) families of treatment naïve children with ADHD (M age = 7.56, SD = 1.94; 73% male). Families were randomly assigned to receive behavior therapy (BT) or stimulant medication (MED; which also included low dose BT). After 6 months, families whose children still showed at least moderate impairment had access to either treatment for a total of 30 months. Utilization was measured using the number of BT sessions attended and total mg of MED taken over the study period. Families who reported more willingness to use medication for their child's ADHD at baseline were more likely to use MED and less likely to use BT, regardless of race/ethnicity. Parental knowledge about ADHD was only important in predicting BT utilization for White non-Hispanic families. Greater reduction in ADHD symptoms and impairment significantly predicted more MED utilization for Hispanic families. Results highlight the need to explore multiple parent (e.g., medication willingness) and child (e.g., symptom severity) factors when considering treatment utilization. Results also highlight ethnic differences in which factors affect treatment utilization.
Quality Assessment and Standardization of Samvardhana Ghrita: A Comprehensive Pharmacognostical, Physico-Chemical, and Chromatographic Evaluation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to authenticate and evaluate the quality of Samvardhana Ghrita, an Ayurvedic formulation, by analyzing its ingredients and therapeutic properties as outlined in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). Raw materials were sourced from local and specialized markets, and the Ghrita was prepared according to API guidelines. The authenticity of key ingredients such as Bala, Atibala, Khadira, Prishniparni, Tinisha, and Kebuka was confirmed through organoleptic evaluation, physico-chemical analysis, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Organoleptic assessment revealed the preparation's viscous consistency, algae green color, and bitter taste, typical of herbal formulations. Physico-chemical analysis demonstrated low moisture content (0.12%), an iodine value of 35.69, and a saponification value of 235.79 mg KOH/g, confirming stability and quality. TLC analysis identified five distinct retention factors (Rf values), supporting the presence of multiple bioactive components. These results confirm the authenticity, stability, and therapeutic efficacy of Samvardhana Ghrita, supporting its use for promoting child growth and treating conditions like Pangu, Muka, Ashruti, and Jada, as prescribed by Acharya Kashyapa. The study emphasizes the importance of quality control measures for ensuring the safe and effective clinical application of Ayurvedic formulations. Key words: Ayurveda, Atibala, Bala, Kebuka, Khadira, Physico-chemical analysis, Prishniparni, Samvardhana Ghrita, Tinisha, and Thin Layer Chromatography
Gas-Free Continuously Regenerated Impurity Removal Device for Ion Chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A gas-free continuously regenerated-anion impurity removal device (CR-ARD) is described for ion chromatography (IC). It is a sandwiched configuration consisting of three channels. The central eluent channel is isolated from two outer regenerant channels by stacked anion exchange membranes (sAEM) and a bipolar membrane (BPM) plus stacked cation exchange membranes (BPM-sCEM), in which the anion exchange side of BPM is facing the central channel. The sAEM side is an anode with respect to the cathode of the BPM-sCEM side. The central channel is packed with strongly basic anion exchange resins in hydroxide form. The application of an electrical voltage to the device causes enhanced water splitting at the interface of BPM to occur and the potential drives the hydroxide ions through the resin phase toward the anode, thereby enabling continuous regeneration of the resin and avoiding any off-line regeneration. Meanwhile, nonhydroxide anionic impurities (basically carbonate) are transported toward the anode through the sAEM. It does not produce gas in the eluent channel, and no degasser is required afterward. It shows a strong ability to remove anionic impurities, as indicated by effective removal of 5 mM CO32- injected sample plug (25 μL, 125 pmol) or continuous removal of 600 μM KNO3 solution at 1 mL/min (10 nmol/s) over 300 min. Much improved peak integration at the gradient mode and a higher signal-to-noise ratio at the isocratic mode can be achieved by CR-ARD. To our knowledge, this is the first account of gas-free CR-ARD.
Impact of Intrinsic Muscle Weakness on Muscle–Bone Crosstalk in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bone and muscle are highly synergistic tissues that communicate extensively via mechanotransduction and biochemical signaling. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable connective tissue disorder of severe bone fragility and recently recognized skeletal muscle weakness. The presence of impaired bone and muscle in OI leads to a continuous cycle of altered muscle–bone crosstalk with weak muscles further compromising bone and vice versa. Currently, there is no cure for OI and understanding the pathogenesis of the skeletal muscle weakness in relation to the bone pathogenesis of OI in light of the critical role of muscle–bone crosstalk is essential to developing and identifying novel therapeutic targets and strategies for OI. This review will highlight how impaired skeletal muscle function contributes to the pathophysiology of OI and how this phenomenon further perpetuates bone fragility.
Lyotard's Small Narratives in Art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this BA thesis Jean-François Lyotard's analysis of the legitimacy problem in The postmodern condition is applied to the field of art. Lyotard sees science, and all social engagements, as a collection of different language games, or small narratives. These narratives do not legitimate the entire field of science, but only a small part of it. The postmodern condition, according to Lyotard, is the incredulity towards grand narratives, which do try to legitimate entire fields. Within art we find the most resistance against grand narratives. Where Lyotard in his aesthetics wrote about the work of art and the artist, this thesis focuses on the appreciator, who engages in a language game with the work of art. The enjoyment of this game leads to the enjoyment of the work and different people enjoy different works of art for different kinds of reasons. The research is accompanied by a creative piece in which a work of art is appreciated from different angles and serves as an illustration of the research.
Continuous production ofL‐isoleucine using immobilized growing Serratia marcescens cells

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An immobilized growing cell system was applied to the continuous L ‐isoleucine production by Serratia marcescens. In the new immobilized‐cell systems using the carrageenan gel method. S. marcescens cells in the gel required nutrients and oxygen for growth, and the numbers of living cells per milliliter of gel increased to the levels of that of free cells in the liquid medium. This immobilized growing cell system exhibited high and stable activity for isoleucine production under steady‐state conditions. Continuous isoleucine production was carried out by feeding the nutrient medium under aeration into a fluidized bed reactor containing the immobilized cells. In the continuous operation, an efficient production was maintained by automatically controlling the pH of the reaction mixture at 7.5. The productivity of isoleucine increased using multibed reactors. In a two‐bed reactor system, the effluent L ‐isoleucine concentration reached 4.5 mg/ml at a retention time of 10 hr, and a steady state was maintained for longer than 30 days.
English Overt and Null Complementizers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Most studies on the distribution of the null complementizers in English assume that overt that clauses and null that clauses have the identical underlying structure, where the overt/null COMP represents a C head (Stowell 1981, a.o.). This predicts that both overt and null that clauses show (nearly) the same syntactic distribution, contrary to fact. This paper explores a new outlook of overt and null complementizers in clausal complements of both non-factive and factive predicates in English, building on the assumptions that (i) feature specification on C differs from language to language and (ii ) languages also differ as to lexicalizing a subset of these features on C. Adopting Rizzi’s (1997) split CP structure with two C heads, Force and Finiteness, we suggest that null that clauses are FinPs, whereas overt that clauses have an extra functional layer above FinP, lexicalizing either the Force head under non-factive predicates or the light demonstrative head d under factive predicates. These three different underlying structures also successfully account for different syntactic patterns found between overt and null that clauses in various contexts.
iBMSR: Intelligent Body Mass Status Recognition from Respiratory Auscultation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Respiratory auscultation is the act of hearing the sounds from the lungs with the help of devices such as a stethoscope. This has been a widely practiced, non-invasive method for understanding the conditions of the lungs. Several research works have been performed for the automatic identification of different types of lung sounds such as normal, rhonchi, rales, stridor, and wheezing. Other experiments have shown the usage of machine learning models for the detection of different types of respiratory diseases, like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or various tract infections. Earlier studies have shown that there is a correlation between BMI and lung sound. But there aren't any reliable ways to automate the recognition of the same for this correlation. The experiment presented in this paper shows the usage of different mathematical tools for the conversion of respiratory sounds into a simplified, structured database that can be used for reliable detection of body mass status such as normal, overweight, or underweight by means of different machine intelligence algorithms. A total of 126 subjects totaling 920 sound samples have been tested for the experiment. The results showed that the proposed method classified weight statuses with up to 97.5% accuracy, compared to 77.9% accuracy for the data processed without the proposed method.
Primary FSGS is not associated with worse kidney outcome compared with other FSGS subtypes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background Studies that compare kidney outcomes across patients with different forms of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are lacking. Methods This retrospective study compared annual estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope and kidney failure rate (eGFR &lt;15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or initiation of kidney replacement therapy) across patients with biopsy-proven primary, maladaptive, genetic and undetermined FSGS. Patients were included from two Belgian tertiary referral hospitals, from 2010 until 2022. Associations between covariates and kidney failure were estimated using Cox and Fine and Gray models. eGFR slopes were estimated using linear mixed-effects models. Results Eighty-two patients were subdivided into primary (28.1%), maladaptive (40.2%), genetic (14.6%) and undetermined FSGS (17.1%) groups. Kidney failure occurred in 22 patients (26.8%). Primary FSGS patients exhibited higher baseline eGFR and less chronic changes on biopsy. The annual eGFR slope was –2.5 mL/min in primary, –2.5 mL/min in maladaptive, –4.6 mL/min in genetic and –4.4 mL/min in undetermined FSGS. Female sex was associated with a lower kidney failure rate and higher eGFR slope. Higher proteinuria at biopsy was associated with a higher kidney failure rate, lower eGFR slope and a higher mortality rate. Global sclerosis on kidney biopsy was associated with lower baseline eGFR, while a higher percentage of segmental sclerosis rather associated with more rapid eGFR decline [–1.5 mL/min/year per 10% increase, 95% confidence interval (–2.2, –0.7)]. Conclusions Patients with primary FSGS were biopsied earlier in their disease course and exhibited surprisingly good kidney outcome. Overall, sex, baseline eGFR, proteinuria and the degree of focal and global glomerulosclerosis play a more important role in estimating the prognosis of patients with FSGS than merely the FSGS etiology.
Critical exponents for percolation conductivity in resistor networks

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The conductivity of two-dimensional and of three-dimensional cubic binary random resistor networks is shown to obey a power-law dependence on the conductivity ratio at the percolation threshold. The relation recently derived by Straley between the exponent of this power law and the other two critical exponents of the conductivity above and below the percolation threshold is accurately obeyed. Extension of the scaling laws for a complex dielectric function of a binary network is provided.
Selective Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds with B-Trifluoromethanesulfonyldiisopinocampheylborane in Ethyl Ether

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the previous reports, 1-4 we showed that Lewis acidity of trisubstituted borane derivatives, a series of new MeerweinPonndorf-Verley (MPV) type borane reagents, plays a role in part on their reactivity toward the reduction of carbonyl compounds: for example, the strong electron-withdrawing effect of fluorine substituent of B-trifluoroacetoxydiisopinocampheylborane (Ipc2BO2CF3) makes it much more reactive than Ipc2BOAc itself. This phenomenon strongly indicates the reaction proceeds by the activation of carbonyl group through coordination of Lewis acidic boron atom followed by hydride transfer from β-hydrogen source to the carbonyl acceptor via the six-membered transition state, quite similar to the mechanism which is generally accepted in the original MPV reaction using aluminum isopropoxide. 5 From such mechanistic point of view, we extended to design other derivative B-trifluoromethanesulfonyldiisopinocampheylborane (Ipc2BOSO2CF3). Evidently, trifluoromethanesulfonyl group is one of the strongest electron-withdrawing ones. Accordingly, we examined the general reducing characteristics of the reagent in order to understand its nature and explore its role in organic synthesis.
Deed from Napoleon B. Breedlove to M. A. O. Moore, Milam County, Texas, May 22, 1878

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A document from an extensive collection spanning four generations of the Woodward family that operated merchant pig iron companies in West Virginia and Alabama. The collection begins with Stimpson Harvey Woodward (S. H. Woodward), a native of Massachusetts, who moved from Pittsburgh to Wheeling, West Virginia in 1852. He had interests in an iron company as early as 1852 in West Virginia and began Alabama operations in 1869. The family business continued in Alabama until the death of S. H. Woodward's great-grandson in 1965.
Complications of ascending phlebography of the leg.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Forty patients were studied prospectively for complications of ascending phlebography. The commonest immediate complication was pain at the site of injection and the commonest delayed complication pain in the foot or calf. Out of 30 patients with pain in the foot and calf, 15 had venous thrombosis. Review of 200 case notes disclosed only one recorded complication--namely, necrosis of the dorsal skin of the foot. Complications of the procedure reported by referring clinicians over 10 years comprised four cases of necrosis of the dorsum of the foot and two of gangrene of the foot, in one of which the gangrene spread to the leg. Major complications of ascending phlebography are rare, though when they occur may cause serious morbidity. If a scrupulous technique is used contrast phlebography remains the most accurate method of diagnosing venous disease of the leg.