jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of increasing doses of enrofloxacin on chicken articular cartilage.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Enrofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic agent from the class of the fluoroquinolones that is widely used to treat bacterial infections in animals. Fluoroquinolones cause severe lesions in articular-epiphyseal cartilage complexes of growing mammals. The aim of the present study was to determine whether enrofloxacin has chondrotoxic, dose- and time-dependent effects on avian articular cartilage. 21-day-old male broiler chickens were treated orally with a single or five doses of 10, 50, 100, 300 and 600 mg/kg/day of enrofloxacin. 24 hours after the last dose the animals were killed and femoral head with condyles and tibial condyles were subject to a gross and histopathological investigation. The lesion scoring system was used to determine the progression of lesions. The mean score in birds treated with a single dose of 300 and 600 mg/kg of enrofloxacin was significantly increased when compared to the control group, while the administration of one dose of 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg of the drug did not cause substantial changes in the examined articular cartilages. The mean score was significantly greater in birds dosed for 5 days with 50, 100, 300 or 600 mg/kg/day of enrofloxacin when compared to the control group. Histologic changes included, among others, occurrence of chondrocytes with shrunken cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei, spindle-shaped cells, clusters of chondrocytes and loss of proteoglycan. In conclusions, our results indicate that the use of enrofloxacin in growing chickens at recommended dosage is safe from the point of view of possibility of chondrotoxic effect. Only very high dosage of enrofloxacin, significantly exceeding the therapeutically applied doses, can induce toxic effects in articular cartilage and intensity of chondrotoxicity is dose- and time-dependent. Moreover, our findings suggest that quinolone-induced arthropathy is considerably less expressed in birds than in mammals.
The arrangement of dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Issatchenkia orientalis can be modified by the medium: effect of Voriconazole

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Both Candida albicans and Issatchenkia orientalis have been isolated from different types of infections over the years. They have the ability to form communities of microorganisms known as biofilms. It has been demonstrated that the medium employed in studies may affect the biofilm development. The aim of this study was to investigate the arrangement of dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and I. orientalis cultivated on either RPMI-1640 or Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB), as well as the inhibitory effect of Voriconazole (VRC). For the experiments performed, ATCC strains were used, and yeast-mixed suspensions were inoculated in 96-well plates with either RPMI-1640 or SDB, in the presence or absence of VRC. The results were observed by counting the number of CFU obtained from scraping off the biofilms produced and plating the content on CHROMagar Candida medium. It was observed that for all conditions tested the medium chosen affected the arrangement of dual-species biofilms: when RPMI-1640 was used, there was a prevalence of C. albicans, while the opposite was noted when SDB was used. It could be suggested that the medium and environment could regulate interactions between both yeast species, including the response to different antifungal drugs.
From Focus on Sounds to Focus on Words in English Pronunciation Instruction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper addresses a very important aspect of Polish-accented English, namely the issue of frequent phonetic errors made by Polish learners which do not result from their inability to produce foreign sounds correctly, but which stem from various interference factors (e.g foreign pronounced as [fo’rejn]). Following Szpyra-Kozłowska’s (in press a) claims that such errors hinder successful communication far more than other segmental and suprasegmental inaccuracies and should thus be treated as a top pedagogical priority, what is suggested is a shift in phonetic instruction from the focus on the production of sounds and prosodies to the focus on the pronunciation of problematic words. Our major goal is to demonstrate how this proposal can be implemented in the language classroom. The authors present a report on the experiment in which a group of 25 Polish secondary school pupils has undergone a special training in the pronunciation of 50 commonly mispronounced words with the use of special, teacher-designed materials. The effectiveness of the employed procedure as well as the pupils’ reactions to it are examined and pedagogical conclusions are drawn.
Person to Person in Australia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

While still in the midst of their study abroad experiences, students at Linfield College write reflective essays. Their essays address issues of cultural similarity and difference, compare lifestyles, mores, norms, and habits between their host countries and home, and examine changes in perceptions about their host countries and the United States. In this essay, Ashley Tobiska describes her observations during her study abroad program at James Cook University in Cairns, Australia.
Effect of sub-micron pillar array on DNA kinetics in a free-solution capillary electrophoresis microsystem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of the effect of a sub-micron pillar array, embedded in the separation channel, on DNA kinetics in a free-solution capillary electrophoresis microsystem. DNA plugs have been observed to migrate with different velocity depending on the cross-sectional shape of the pillars. This velocity variation can be partly explained by the electric field re-distribution due to the pillar array. Numerical simulations have been carried out to verify the effect of the sub-micron pillar geometry on the electric field distribution, and the computations of DNA plug velocity are qualitatively consistent with the measurements.
Assessment of physical activity levels in dentists and maxillofacial surgeons

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of the study is to determine the level of physical activity among the faculty of the Department of Dentistry at the Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State Medical Education Institute for the purpose of preventing occupational diseases. Research methods and organization. The following methods were used: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, survey, and methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted at the Department of Dentistry of the Medical Institute of Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University among doctors of various dental specialties: therapists, surgeons, prosthodontists, and orthodontists, using the ODA23+ motor activity questionnaire. Research results and conclusion. According to the survey results, most physicians exhibit moderate physical activity, with the number of doctors engaging in low physical activity exceeding those with high physical activity. The greatest interest among the surveyed group is in using stationary bicycles, while considerably less time is devoted to football, volleyball, and tennis.
Karyotype evolution in conifers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The present study describes the published karyotypes of 338 conifer taxa comprising of 302 species belonging to 59 genera of conifers. The somatic chromosome numbers range from 2n=18 in Phyllocladus (Podocarpaceae) to 2n=66 in Sequoia sempervirens (Cupressaceae). Polyploidy is rare as out of 512 conifer taxa known cytologically 2.80 per cent are polyploid and 2.20 per cent have both diploid and polyploid cytotypes. Various families show uniform somatic numbers such as Pinaceae (2n=24), Araucariaceae (2n=26), Cupressaceae (2n=22) except for some cases of polyploid taxa, and Podocarpaceae (2n=18‐38) caused by centric fissions. In Pinaceae the genus Pinus has the most symmetrical karyotype and Larix has the maximum bimodality. The karyotype diversity in rest of the families has been discussed in the phylogenetic framework. This apparent uniformity of karyotypes is not reflected in diversity of fluorescent bands and rDNA loci. These additional markers have taxonomic relevance and also facilitate chromosome identification in a number of cases. This karyotype conservation is reflected in very weak interspecific crossing barriers with the hybrids showing normal meiosis, and also in the conservation of gene content and order.
Effects of Invariant NKT Cells on Parasite Infections and Hygiene Hypothesis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are unique subset of innate-like T cells recognizing glycolipids. iNKT cells can rapidly produce copious amounts of cytokines upon antigen stimulation and exert potent immunomodulatory activities for a wide variety of immune responses and diseases. We have revealed the regulatory effect of iNKT cells on autoimmunity with a serial of publications. On the other hand, the role of iNKT cells in parasitic infections, especially in recently attractive topic “hygiene hypothesis,” has not been clearly defined yet. Bacterial and parasitic cell wall is a cellular structure highly enriched in a variety of glycolipids and lipoproteins, some of which may serve as natural ligands of iNKT cells. In this review, we mainly summarized the recent findings on the roles and underlying mechanisms of iNKT cells in parasite infections and their cross-talk with Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, and innate lymphoid cells. In most cases, iNKT cells exert regulatory or direct cytotoxic roles to protect hosts against parasite infections. We put particular emphasis as well on the identification of the natural ligands from parasites and the involvement of iNKT cells in the hygiene hypothesis.
ADCK3 mutations with epilepsy, stroke‐like episodes and ataxia: a POLG mimic?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and purpose Defects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) metabolism cause a variety of disorders ranging from isolated myopathy to multisystem involvement. ADCK 3 is one of several genes associated with CoQ10 deficiency that presents with progressive cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, migraine and psychiatric disorders. Diagnosis is challenging due to the wide clinical spectrum and overlap with other mitochondrial disorders. Methods A detailed description of three new patients and one previously reported patient from three Norwegian families with novel and known ADCK 3 mutations is provided focusing on the epileptic semiology and response to treatment. Mutations were identified by whole exome sequencing and in two measurement of skeletal muscle CoQ10 was performed. Results All four patients presented with childhood‐onset epilepsy and progressive cerebellar ataxia. Three patients had epilepsia partialis continua and stroke‐like episodes affecting the posterior brain. Electroencephalography showed focal epileptic activity in the occipital and temporal lobes. Genetic investigation revealed ADCK 3 mutations in all patients including a novel change in exon 15: c.T1732G, p.F578V. There was no apparent genotype−phenotype correlation. Conclusion ADCK 3 mutations can cause a combination of progressive ataxia and acute epileptic encephalopathy with stroke‐like episodes. The clinical, radiological and electrophysiological features of this disorder mimic the phenotype of polymerase gamma ( POLG ) related encephalopathy and it is therefore suggested that ADCK 3 mutations be considered in the differential diagnosis of mitochondrial encephalopathy with POLG ‐like features.
HARDWARE MANUAL

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The note describes integrated, eight channel system of hardware controller and simulator of the resonant superconducting, narrowband niobium cavity, originally considered for the TTF and TESLA in DESY, Hamburg (now tested for the VUV FEL and developed for X-Ray FEL). The controller bases on a programmable circuit Xilinx VirtexII V4000. The solution uses DSP EMBEDDED BOARD module positioned on a Modular LLRF Control Platform. The algorithm and FPGA circuit configuration was done in the VHDL language. The internal hardware multiplication components, present in Virtex II chips, were used, to improve the floating point calculation efficiency. The implementation was achieved of a device working in the real time, according to the demands of the LLRF control system for the TESLA Test Facility (now associated with the VUV FEL machine). The device under consideration will be referred to as superconducting cavity (SCCav) SIMCON throughout this work. The manual describes hardware features of SIMCON, ver. 3.0 in modular solution. The following components are described here in detail: functional layer, parameter programming, foundations of control of particular blocks and monitoring of the real time processes.
sj-docx-1-ijs-10.1177_10668969231157317 - Supplemental material for Exploration of Morphological Features of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma With PBRM1, SETD2, BAP1, or KDM5C Mutations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ijs-10.1177_10668969231157317 for Exploration of Morphological Features of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma With PBRM1, SETD2, BAP1, or KDM5C Mutations by Yang Liu, Yunhao Li, Haimin Xu, Luting Zhou, Xiaoqun Yang and Chaofu Wang in International Journal of Surgical Pathology
Neural-Network-Based Prediction of Non-Burial Overwintering Material Covering Height for Wine Grapes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grapevines in cold regions are prone to frost damage in winter. Due to its adverse effects on soil structure, plant damage, high operational costs, and limited mechanization feasibility, buried soil overwintering has been gradually replaced by no-burial overwintering techniques, which are now the primary focus for mitigating frost damage in wine grapes. While current research focuses on the selection of thermal insulation materials, less attention has been paid to the insulation mechanism of covering materials and covering methods. In this study, we investigated the insulation performance of two covering materials (tarpaulin and insulation blanket) combined with six height treatments (5–30 cm) to analyze the effect of insulation space volume on no-buried-soil overwintering. The results show that the thermal insulation performance of the insulation blanket is significantly better than that of the tarpaulin. The 5 cm height treatment under the tarpaulin cover and the 25 cm height treatment under the insulation blanket cover exhibited the best thermal insulation performance. Using a neural network machine learning approach, we constructed a model related to the height of the insulation material and facilitate the model’s accurate predictions, in which tarpaulin R2branches = 0.92, R220 cm = 0.99, and R240 cm = 0.99 and insulation blanket R2branches = 0.89, R220 cm = 0.98, and R240 cm = 0.99. The model predicted optimal insulation heights of 6 cm for the tarpaulin and 22 cm for the insulation blanket. Factors like solar radiation within the insulation space, ground radiation, airflow, and material thermal conductivity affect the optimal insulation height for different materials. This study used a neural network model to predict the optimal insulation heights for different materials, providing systematic theoretical guidance for the overwintering cultivation of wine grapes and aiding the safe development of the wine grape industry in cold regions.
Optimizing therapeutic decision‐making for off‐label medicines use: A scoping review and consensus recommendations for improving practice and research+

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Off‐label medicines use is a common and sometimes necessary practice in many populations, with important clinical, ethical and financial consequences, including potential unintended harm or lack of effectiveness. No internationally recognized guidelines exist to aid decision‐makers in applying research evidence to inform off‐label medicines use. We aimed to critically evaluate current evidence informing decision‐making for off‐label use and to develop consensus recommendations to improve future practice and research. Methods We conducted a scoping review to summarize the literature on available off‐label use guidance, including types, extent and scientific rigor of evidence incorporated. Findings informed the development of consensus recommendations by an international multidisciplinary Expert Panel using a modified Delphi process. Our target audience includes clinicians, patients and caregivers, researchers, regulators, sponsors, health technology assessment bodies, payers and policy makers. Results We found 31 published guidance documents on therapeutic decision‐making for off‐label use. Of 20 guidances with general recommendations, only 35% detailed the types and quality of evidence needed and the processes for its evaluation to reach sound, ethical decisions about appropriate use. There was no globally recognized guidance. To optimize future therapeutic decision‐making, we recommend: (1) seeking rigorous scientific evidence; (2) utilizing diverse expertise in evidence evaluation and synthesis; (3) using rigorous processes to formulate recommendations for appropriate use; (4) linking off‐label use with timely conduct of clinically meaningful research (including real‐world evidence) to address knowledge gaps quickly; and (5) fostering partnerships between clinical decision‐makers, researchers, regulators, policy makers, and sponsors to facilitate cohesive implementation and evaluation of these recommendations. Conclusions We provide comprehensive consensus recommendations to optimize therapeutic decision‐making for off‐label medicines use and concurrently drive clinically relevant research. Successful implementation requires appropriate funding and infrastructure support to engage necessary stakeholders and foster relevant partnerships, representing significant challenges that policy makers must urgently address.
Planar Microstrip Ring Resonators for Microwave-Based Gas Sensing: Design Aspects and Initial Transducers for Humidity and Ammonia Sensing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A planar microstrip ring resonator structure on alumina was developed using the commercial FEM software COMSOL. Design parameters were evaluated, eventually leading to an optimized design of a miniaturized microwave gas sensor. The sensor was covered with a zeolite film. The device was successfully operated at around 8.5 GHz at room temperature as a humidity sensor. In the next step, an additional planar heater will be included on the reverse side of the resonator structure to allow for testing of gas-sensitive materials under sensor conditions.
Comparaison de différentes modalités de reconstitution de la forêt après tempête en Auvergne dans une perspective de gestion durable : gestion de la végétation et alternatives à l'utilisation d'herbicides en plantation forestière

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Available from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : GR 1945 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique
Advertising a Particularly Precarious Occupation: Nanny Ads on Craigslist

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Domestic work has long been a particularly precarious occupation in that it is subject to certain risks and vulnerabilities that make it a highly insecure, unstable, uncertain form of work that often provides very limited economic and social benefits to those who engage in it. In this article we explore whether employers are willing to advertise the particularly precarious aspects of domestic work in job advertisements for nannies. Based on a content analysis of nanny ads posted on the Craigslist pages for San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York, Seattle, and Chicago, we find that nearly half (45%) of the ads in our population contained an actual and/or potential indicator of one or more particularly precarious aspects of domestic work. While these indicators came in many specific forms, they can be grouped into two general categories: (1) ads that are actually or potentially discriminatory and (2) ads that indicate an employer may not see being a nanny as a "real" job.
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Regulation of Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The present study was designed to elucidate the effects of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) on blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Experiments were conducted under in vitro conditions (coculture of brain endothelial cells and astrocytes) to study the cellular effects of MCP-1 and under in vivo conditions (intracerebral and intracerebroventricular administration of MCP-1) to study the potential contribution of MCP-1 to BBB disruption in vivo. Our results showed that MCP-1 induces a significant increase in the BBB permeability surface area product for fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-albumin under in vivo conditions, particularly during prolonged (3 or 7 days) exposure (0.096±0.008 versus 0.031±0.005 μL/g min in controls at 3 days, P<0.001). Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 also enhanced (17-fold compared with control) the permeability of the in vitro BBB (coculture) model. At the cellular level, MCP-1 causes alteration of tight junction (TJ) proteins in endothelial cells (redistribution of TJ proteins determined by Western blotting and loss of immunostaining for occludin, claudin-5, ZO-1, ZO-2). Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced alterations in BBB permeability are mostly realized through the CCR2 receptor. Absence of CCR2 diminishes any effect of MCP-1 on BBB permeability in vitro and in vivo. The permeability surface area product for FITC-albumin after 3 days exposure to MCP-1 was 0.096±0.006 and 0.032±0.007 μL/g min, in CCR2+/+ and CCR2−/− mice, respectively ( P<0.001). Monocytes/macrophages also participate in MCP-1-induced alterations in BBB permeability in vivo. Monocytes/macrophages depletion (by clodronate liposomes) reduced the effect of MCP-1 on BBB permeability in vivo ∼2 fold. Our results suggest that, besides its main function of recruiting leukocytes at sites of inflammation, MCP-1 also plays a role in ‘opening’ the BBB.
Association between body mass index and adverse pregnancy outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prevalence of elevated body mass index (BMI), including overweight and obesity, has been increasing globally, posing significant challenges to maternal and fetal health. This review examines the association between elevated BMI and adverse pregnancy outcomes, emphasizing maternal, fetal, and long-term complications. Elevated BMI in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders, cesarean delivery, and postpartum complications. For the fetus, elevated maternal BMI is linked to an increased risk of macrosomia, preterm birth, congenital anomalies, and stillbirth. Furthermore, these adverse outcomes extend into long-term risks, including a higher likelihood of childhood obesity and metabolic disorders in offspring, as well as persistent obesity and related health issues in mothers. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these associations include chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormonal dysregulation. Effective management strategies include preconception counselling, nutritional and exercise interventions, and regular monitoring throughout pregnancy to mitigate these risks. This review underscores the importance of addressing elevated BMI in reproductive-aged women as a critical component of prenatal care to improve pregnancy outcomes and long-term health for both mother and child.