jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Point-to-point tracking of integrated predictive iterative learning control by using updating-reference and CARIMA model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For point-to-point tracking control problem of batch process, a novel design method based on Controlled Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average (CARIMA) model and updating-reference is proposed in this paper. In the proposed approach, integrated predictive iterative learning control (IPILC) is used for the trajectory tracking control. Comparing with other point-to-point tracking control algorithms, the proposed control scheme performs better in robustness, and reduces the computation load which occurs in those algorithms based on the lifted model for non-Lyapunov-stable systems. Furthermore, updating-reference relaxes the constraints for system outputs and leads to faster convergence than the fixed-reference control algorithms. Simulation results on typical systems show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Screening and validation of fertility restoration genes (Rf) in wild abortive CMS system of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using microsatellite markers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study was carried out with the objective of validating linked SSRs markers to Rf genes in diverse rice breeding lines. SSR markers enabled to determine the chromosomal locations of the two Rf genes (Rf3 and Rf4) in the wild-abortive cytoplasmic male sterility (WA-CMS) system. Forty breeding lines with no prior information on fertility restoration were screened with the help of molecular markers linked to major fertility genes Rf3 and Rf4. The breeding lines were crossed with two WA-CMS lines (IR79156A and Pusa 6A) and the 80 F1s were evaluated for pollen and spikelet fertility to identify restorers and maintainers. Four SSRs reported to be linked to Rf genes (Rf3 and Rf4) were used to detect the allelic status in 40 breeding lines. The results revealed that out of 40, eight lines found to be common effective restorers for both the CMS lines (IR 79156A and Pusa6A). Two markers (RM171 and RM6100) proved to be associated with Rf4 genes. Results demonstrated that these markers could be used to screen large number of restorers and non-restorer lines in hybrid rice breeding programs in short time.
Perspectives on volunteering for initiatives for women in computing: A case study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Initiatives for women in computing exist since the 70's. However, little research has been done to study the effect they have on the women involved. Hence, this case study presents observations of the perceived value of the initiatives from the perspective of these women. This is a case study of one of the organizations contributing to this kind of initiative, the ACM (and its branch ACM-W), and how its volunteers see this work. The study is based on semi-structured interviews that were thematically coded and analysed. Results show that, depending on their generation, volunteers have different motivations and target their efforts at different audiences. Interviewees also reflected on how to further support women in computing. Finally, implications for future studies and lines of action are presented in the paper.
Higher rate of covid-19 mortality in patients with type 1 than type 2 diabetes: a nationwide study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

PurposeCOVID-19 disease has a worse prognosis in patients with diabetes, but the comparative data about the course of COVID-19 in patients with type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are lacking. The purpose of this study was to find out the relative clinical severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients with T1DM and T2DM.MethodsA nationwide retrospective cohort of patients with conﬁrmed (PCR positive) COVID-19 infection (n=149,671) was investigated. After exclusion of individuals with unspecified diabetes status, the adverse outcomes between patients with T1DM (n=163), T2DM (n=33,478) and the non-diabetics (n=115,108) were compared by using the propensity score matching method. The outcomes were hospitalization, the composite of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and/or mechanical ventilation and mortality.ResultsThe patients with T1DM had higher mortality than the age and gender matched patients with T2DM (n=489) and the non-diabetics (n=489) (p<0.001). After further adjustment for the A1c, microvascular and macrovascular complications, the odds of mortality (OR:3.35, 95% CI:1.41–7.96, p=0.006) and ICU admission and/or mechanical ventilation (OR: 2.95, 95% CI:1.28–6.77, p=0.011) were significantly higher in patients with T1DM compared to those with T2DM. Older age (OR:1.06, 95% CI:1.01–1.12, p=0.028) and lymphopenia (OR:5.13, 95% CI:1.04–25.5, p=0.045) were independently associated with mortality in patients with T1DM.ConclusionAccording to the results, patients with T1DM had poorer COVID-19 prognosis than those with T2DM or the non-diabetics. These patients should be cared diligently until more data will be available about the causes of increased COVID-19 mortality in T1DM.
Essential trauma care capacity for road traffic injury in five provinces in Vietnam

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background In Vietnam, injury is the leading cause of death in children under 18, and road traffic accidents are the fifth leading cause of death. Essential trauma care for road traffic injury (RTI) is very important in Vietnam. Objectives To assess injury situation and the existing level of essential trauma care (ETC) capacity for RTI in five provinces. Design and Subjects A cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 districts in 2008. We studied 17 district hospitals, 60 commune health stations, 3000 village health workers and volunteers (VHW). Results The injury mortality in 2008 were different between provinces, ranged from 21.17 to 40.69/100 000 (year-1). Road traffic accidents were the leading cause of injury (41.6%). The 20–59 group had the highest proportion of injury (63.6%). Three out of five provinces have an emergency medical centre. Commune health stations and district hospitals provided trauma care for 8.5% and 30.7% of injured cases respectively. Less than 40% of district hospitals and 30% of commune health stations had enough equipment for ETC. From 8.8% to 37% of VHW were provided some basic first aid equipment. Only 36.7% of VHW had provided first aid for RTI and 31.2% of VHW were trained on first aid for RTI. Conclusion The results reveal that RTI is a major health problem in five provinces and the ETC capacity for RTI is weak. Study results may assist decision-makers in identifying interventions to improve ETC capacity.
Unquenchable Surface Potential Dramatically Enhances Cu2+ Binding to Phosphatidylserine Lipids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Herein, the apparent equilibrium dissociation constant, K(Dapp), between Cu(2+) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (POPS), a negatively charged phospholipid, was measured as a function of PS concentrations in supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). The results indicated that K(Dapp) for Cu(2+) binding to PS-containing SLBs was enhanced by a factor of 17,000 from 110 nM to 6.4 pM as the PS density in the membrane was increased from 1.0 to 20 mol %. Although Cu(2+) bound bivalently to POPS at higher PS concentrations, this was not the dominant factor in increasing the binding affinity. Rather, the higher concentration of Cu(2+) within the double layer above the membrane was largely responsible for the tightening. Unlike the binding of other divalent metal ions such as Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) to PS, Cu(2+) binding does not alter the net negative charge on the membrane as the Cu(PS)2 complex forms. As such, the Cu(2+) concentration within the double layer region was greatly amplified relative to its concentration in bulk solution as the PS density was increased. This created a far larger enhancement to the apparent binding affinity than is observed by standard multivalent effects. These findings should help provide an understanding on the extent of Cu(2+)-PS binding in cell membranes, which may be relevant to biological processes such as amyloid-β peptide toxicity and lipid oxidation.
Engine Power Test Code - Engine Power and Torque Certification

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="section abstract"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This document specifies the procedure to be used for a manufacturer to certify the net power and torque rating of a production engine according to SAE J1349 (Rev. 8/04) or the gross engine power of a production engine according to SAE J1995.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Manufacturers who advertise their engine power and torque ratings as certified to SAE J1349 or SAE J1995 shall follow this procedure. Certification of engine power and torque to SAE J1349 or SAE J1995 is voluntary; however, this power certification process is mandatory for those advertising power ratings as “Certified to SAE J1349” or “Certified to SAE J1995.”</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In the event that an engine made by one manufacturer is sold to a consumer in a vehicle produced by a second manufacturer, engine certification may be completed by either manufacturer or by both manufacturers working together. An example of the latter would be the completion of witness testing by the engine manufacturer with the submission of certification documents by the vehicle manufacturer.</div> </div>
PERVASIVE COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT EDUCATION DURING ADVERSE SITUATIONS IN BANGLADESH

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Education is a humanitarian right. The alarming increase in armed conflict, forceful displacements, health, and climatic disasters, along with other crises dramatically impact the education system in the long term. Pervasive computing technology can provide a smooth interaction to support education during a crisis. The paper, therefore, aims to discuss the support that pervasive computing technologies can provide during a crisis for the Least Developed Countries like Bangladesh with the least possible cost. The paper highlights different real-life cases in Bangladesh and then uses secondary data from 2006 to 2020 to understand the relation at the times when education was hampered for the adverse situation. Based on the findings the importance of the application of pervasive computing and necessary recommendations are given which may help the state and locals in responsibility to support education at such times.
The role of carcinogenicity studies in risk assessment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Until recently, most of the controversy about carcinogenicity testing and long-term safety has been concerned with food additives and environmental chemicals rather than with drugs. However, in medicine, cytotoxic drugs or photochemotherapy are used with increasing frequency for the treatment of non-malignant disorders. The occurrence of malignancy in spontaneous or induced immunodeficiency disease has also become a more frequent finding. This has opened the view to possible long-term consequences of certain forms of chemotherapy. Furthermore, for drugs in general which are intended for longer-term use, the question of carcinogenicity has become, from the regulatory point of view, most decisive for the fate of a new product.
LHD NB3arm #938065.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The neutral beam (NB) shine-through profile is routinely monitored on the Large Helical Device (LHD) both to calibrate the port-through power of the NB and to evaluate the NB-deposition power to LHD plasmas. The profile is measured with a calorimeter (CM) array on an armor plate of the NB counter wall inside the LHD vacuum vessel.
Kaplan’sSystem and Process

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this note Wight critically analyses Morton Kaplan’s System and Process in International Politics. While ‘positivist theorists’ aspiring to scientific rigour have belittled philosophical works on topics such as the just war or natural law as ‘tautologous or platitudinous’, these theorists have themselves constructed ‘new edifices of tautology and platitude’. Kaplan, for example, restates ‘simple and obvious truths, in the impressive special language of his theory’. Wight lists other shortcomings. Kaplan’s ‘historical limitedness’ reflects his ‘small range of historical reference’. Kaplan’s reliance on the abstractions of game theory leads to ‘the unintentional effect’ of ‘trivialization’ of ‘the awful issues of peace and war’. Furthermore, Kaplan’s ‘analytical jargon atomises and disintegrates reality’, and this results in ‘dehumanization’ and ‘hypostatization’ of the abstractions. Finally, ‘Objectivity becomes moral neutrality’, with ‘moral content … drained off, and then added again to the stew in pinches of recognition as “parameters” or “values”’.
Exploring the mediating role of inflammation in the link between urinary copper and dyslipidemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Previous studies suggest that copper metabolism may affect lipid regulation, potentially through inflammatory pathways. However, the association between urinary copper levels, blood lipids, and inflammatory activity remains unclear. Objective This study aims to investigate the association between urinary copper levels and four blood lipids: total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), as well as to evaluate the potential mediating role of inflammation in these relationships. Methods This study utilizes cohort data to measure urinary copper levels, concentrations of four blood lipids, and inflammation levels as defined by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Mediation analysis was performed to assess the potential mediating role of inflammation in the relationship between urinary copper levels and the lipid profile. Results Urinary copper levels were positively associated with TG and hs-CRP, and negatively associated with HDL-C. Hs-CRP was positively correlated with TG and negatively correlated with HDL-C. Mediation analysis indicated that inflammation partially mediated the relationship between urinary copper levels and both TG and HDL-C. Conclusions Our findings suggest that urinary copper is associated with lipid profile abnormalities, specifically elevated TG, and reduced HDL-C, with inflammation potentially partially explaining these associations.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Discovery of a sexual cycle in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprotrophic fungus whose spores are ubiquitous in the atmosphere. It is also an opportunistic human pathogen in immunocompromised individuals, causing potentially lethal invasive infections, and is associated with severe asthma and sinusitis. The species is only known to reproduce by asexual means, but there has been accumulating evidence for recombination and gene flow from population genetic studies, genome analysis, the presence of mating-type genes and expression of sex-related genes in the fungus. Here we show that A. fumigatus possesses a fully functional sexual reproductive cycle that leads to the production of cleistothecia and ascospores, and the teleomorph Neosartorya fumigata is described. The species has a heterothallic breeding system; isolates of complementary mating types are required for sex to occur. We demonstrate increased genotypic variation resulting from recombination between mating type and DNA fingerprint markers in ascospore progeny from an Irish environmental subpopulation. The ability of A. fumigatus to engage in sexual reproduction is highly significant in understanding the biology and evolution of the species. The presence of a sexual cycle provides an invaluable tool for classical genetic analyses and will facilitate research into the genetic basis of pathogenicity and fungicide resistance in A. fumigatus, with the aim of improving methods for the control of aspergillosis. These results also yield insights into the potential for sexual reproduction in other supposedly 'asexual' fungi. PMID: 19043401
Differentiating secondary mirror tilt and decenter through off-axis wavefront sensing and aberration measurement

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The alignment of a telescope consisting of 2 or more mirrors with powered surfaces is critical to system performance. For on axis images, secondary mirror tilt and decenter both predominately produce coma, and therefore, either can be used to correct coma. Consequently, for systems that operate over relatively narrow fields of view, it is not necessary to differentiate between secondary tilt and decenter. However, for systems utilizing wider fields of view, correcting tilt with decenter (or decenter with tilt) can result in large aberration variation off-axis. Details of a technique for differentiating between secondary mirror decenter and tilt through the use of off-axis wavefront sensing, aberration calculation, and alignment sensitivity modeling are presented.
Phenotype Diversity and Gene Myostatin (MSTN) of Bangkok Chicken using PCR-RFLP

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aims to characterize the phenotype and determine the diversity of the Myostatin (MSTN) gene at Bangkok chickens using the Polymerase Chain Reaction- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. This study used 50 Bangkok chicken blood samples taken from the axillary vein on the wing. DNA was extracted using the protocol Genomic DNA Purification Kit from Promega and then amplified by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) using a pair of primers F: 5'GGT TTT GAC GAC ATG AGC CT3' R: 5'CAG GTG GAA TGT CAT GCA GA3' with product length 955 bp. Amplification products were cut using restriction enzyme MboI with cutting site ↓GATC. MSTN|MboI fragments of the Bangkok chicken were electrophoresed using 2% agarose gel and visualized using doc gel. The average difference test (T-test) on body weight and weight gain of Bangkok chickens from DOC to 3 months by gender. Polymorphism analysis includes allele frequency and genotype. Male and female Bangkok chickens have low phenotype diversity. The MSTN|MboI gene fragment is monomorphic with band positions of 492 bp, 244 bp, and 219 bp resulting in a genotype of ++, and there is one type of allele with a + allele frequency of 100%.
Supplier's position in project marketing networks

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The present study explores relationships between project marketers and their customers in project marketing context. The purpose of the study is to increase the understanding on supplier’s position in project marketing networks. Project marketing is representing a high volume in the international business, and the industrial network approach and the project marketing research cannot fully explain a supplier’s position in project marketing networks. Increased knowledge on project networks can also contribute to industrial marketing research more generally. Data for the present study was collected firstly during the pilot case study from project buyers in the paper and the steel industry in interviews. Secondly an entire project marketing case concerning a steel industry case was used as a data source. The data included interviews, correspondence between the supplier and the buyer, and project documents. The data of the pilot case was analysed with contents analysis, and in the case a deeper analysis based on the developed Stage Dimension framework was used. Supplier’s position in project marketing networks is a hierarchical and dynamic concept including a supplier’s position on the highest level. The dimensions of the position concept are the intermediate level, and the dimensions are based on the underlying components. Supplier’s position is composed from four organization related dimensions, and two individual actor related dimensions. The composition of the supplier’s position varies during the project marketing process, and consequently the relative importance of the dimensions is changing over the process. Supplier’s position in project marketing networks is shaped by incremental and radical changes. Radical changes are initiated by critical events. The study contributes to the research of industrial networks and project marketing. The theoretical contribution of the study is threefold: firstly it proposes a structure of the position concept in project marketing networks, secondly it proposes the Position Stage Dimension Component (PSDC) model for the development of supplier’s position during the project marketing process, and thirdly the study widens the critical event concept to cover the project marketing process both on the organizational and individual level. In addition to the theoretical contributions there are several managerial implications for planning and implementing marketing strategies in the project context.
Inventory of Intertidal Marine Habitats, Boston Harbor Islands National Park Area

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The intertidal zone of the 34 islands that are the Boston Harbor Islands national park area encompasses over half of the total park area, thereby representing a significant natural resource. The purpose of this study was to inventory the intertidal zone by classifying and mapping all habitats and compiling species lists for major taxonomic groups. The Boston Harbor Intertidal Classification System was developed for mapping substrate and biotic assemblage types—a system specific to the local area, but capable of application throughout the Gulf of Maine. Intertidal habitats were mapped from GPS-based field delineations. Mixed coarse, consisting of rocks, boulders, cobbles, gravel, shell, and sand, was by far the most common substrate type; however, the islands were variable with a total of 13 discrete substrate types mapped, ranging from bedrock and boulders to mud. The outer islands (e.g., Outer and Little Brewster) were dominated by rocky substrate, while islands close to the mainland (e.g., Thompson, Slate) had high percentages of fine sediments. Of the 31 biotic assemblages mapped, Mytilus edulis (blue mussel) reef was the dominant assemblage on many of the middle and Hingham Bay islands, while the outer islands had assemblages common to the more exposed rocky substrates. The species inventory recorded 95 species of invertebrates, 70 marine algae, and 15 vascular plants. The information generated from this inventory will provide a foundation for natural resource management decisions, design of a long-term intertidal monitoring program, and identification of research needs.
Lateralization of Brain Lesions Following Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cranial ultrasound and computed tomography scan films of 180 patients who underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were reviewed. Sixteen patients were considered to have moderate to severe brain lesions. Of these, 6 were ischemic and 10 were hemorrhagic. Five (83.3%) of the 6 ischemic lesions involved the right side and only 1 ischemic injury occurred on the left. Seven (70%) of the 10 hemorrhagic lesions occurred solely or predominantly on the side opposite the carotid ligation and 3 were found on the same side as the ligation. One patient suffered a right temporal hemorrhage following cannulation of the left common carotid artery. There was no predominance of brain lesions for either side when both hemorrhagic and ischemic lesions were combined. These observations implicate alterations in cerebrovascular hemodynamics accompanying carotid ligation and reperfusion in the path ogenesis of central nervous system lesions associated with the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation procedure. It is suggested that systematic classification of brain lesions associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation be made to get a better understanding of their pathology.