jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
0493 Management of dairy cows to improve resistance to infectious diseases

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The incidence of infectious diseases varies greatly during the lactation cycle. Most new cases of clinical mastitis appear at the beginning of lactation (transition period), and the incidence increases with the level of milk production. In addition to mastitis, the majority of other infectious diseases becomes clinically apparent during the first 2 wk of lactation. During this time, cows are in negative energy balance and they must mobilize body reserves to balance the deficit between food energy intake and energy required for milk production. Cows undergoing energy deficit have a weakened immune system, which increases their susceptibility to infections. Therefore, we evaluated the effects on blood metabolite concentrations and immune functions of limiting milk production in early lactation to reduce the negative energy balance. In a first experiment, multiparous Holstein cows were milked either once a day or twice a day for the first postpartum week. In a second experiment, the amount of milk harvested was limited by milking cows incompletely (about one-third of expected milk production was collected) twice a day until d 5 after calving. In a third experiment, first-wk milk production was limited by administering a prolactin secretion inhibitor, quinagolide, during the first days of lactation. Globally, the results of these studies indicate that reducing the amount of milk harvested postpartum while maintaining milking stimuli reduces metabolic stress and immunosuppression without compromising productivity of high-yielding dairy cows. The second period that has the highest incidence of new intramammary infections (IMI) is the period immediately following drying-off, during early mammary gland involution. The importance of the dry period is often underestimated as many of these new infections are only detected after the next calving. A cow's risk of acquiring a new IMI during the dry period increases with milk production at drying-off but decreases as mammary gland involution progresses. In this context, we tested whether prolactin inhibition could be used to reduce milk production at drying-off and to accelerate the rate of mammary involution after cessation of milking. In late-lactation cows, quinagolide decreased milk production within the first day of treatment and induced more rapid changes in concentrations of several markers of mammary gland involution after drying-off. In addition, quinagolide improved the resistance to IMI suggesting that prolactin inhibition could be a new strategy for facilitating drying-off. Innovative management can be used to reduce dairy cow's susceptibility to infection and antibiotic utilization.
A self-powered switching circuit for piezoelectric energy harvesting with velocity control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract\n The rapid development of low-power consumption electronics and the possibility of harvesting energy from environmental sources can make totally autonomous wireless devices. Using piezoelectric materials to convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy for batteries of wireless devices in order to extend the lifetime is the focus in many researches in the recent years. It is important and efficient to improve the energy harvesting by designing an optimal interface between piezoelectric device and the load. In this paper, a self-powered piezoelectric energy harvesting device is proposed based on the velocity control synchronized switching harvesting on inductor technique (V?SSHI). Comparing to the standard full bridge rectifier technique, the synchronized switching harvesting on inductor (SSHI) technique can highly improve harvesting efficiency. However, in real applications when the energy harvesting device is associated with wireless sensor network (WSN), the SSHI technique needs to be implemented and requires being self-powered. The conventional technique to implement self-powered SSHI is to use bipolar transistors as voltage peak detector. In this paper, a new self-powered device is proposed, using velocity control to switch the MOSFET more accurately than in the conventional technique. The concept of design and the theoretical analysis are presented in detail. Experimental results are examined.
Email Analytics for Interaction Speed- Mining Organizational Latencies from Employee Inboxes

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Effective communication is one of the organization’s success factors. Email is widely\nspread and often is the most used communication method, however some organizational\nlatencies can happen which can lead to poor communication between employees and\ncustomers. The aim of this research is to find out if it is possible to reduce organizational\nlatencies by improving email communication. The research was performed using grounded\ntheory as both a method of data collection and data analysis, which was supported by the\nmultiple case study research complemented by a number of interviews. The proof of concept\nresearch method was additionally used both to make the interventions in the interviews and\nas a complimentary way to support the grounded theory research process. As a part of the\nresearch results, we have discovered that in some organizations the reason for organizational\nlatencies is that email is misused and that those organizational latencies can be mined from\nthe employees' inboxes with the software prototype built during this research. We also make\na proposal that in some organizations email should be replaced with an issue tracker (or a\nsimilar system).
Achieving natural looking restorations.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Early in my career, I realized that to achieve lifelike restorations, one needed to introduce the same excellence into the laboratory that exists in a high-end esthetic dental practice. I discovered that the foundation for excellent esthetics begins with good communication between the dental technician and the dentist. To establish good communication, one should acquire knowledge of the requirements and limitations encountered by both the technician and the dentist. Once meaningful communication is established between the two disciplines, esthetic excellence will follow.
Evaluation of the readability of informed consent forms commonly used in dermatology and cosmetology in Türkiye

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Informed consent forms (ICFs) must contain all the necessary information related to medical interventions and be comprehensible to the patient. This study aims to determine the readability levels of the ICFs listed on the official website of the Turkish Dermatology Association. A total of 23 consent forms, accessible on the website (https://turkdermatoloji.org.tr/icerik/detay/289) of the Turkish Dermatology Association, were incorporated into the study and classified into seven distinct categories. Twenty-three consent forms available on the Turkish Dermatology Association’s website were included in the study and categorized into seven groups. The texts of these forms were loaded into readability software. To ascertain the readability levels of the included texts, the mean number of words per sentence, the mean word count, the mean number of words with four syllables or more, and the mean number of syllables were calculated using the Bezirci-Yilmaz and Ateşman formulas. These data were then statistically compared. The mean readability of all ICFs was at the high school level according to the Bezirci-Yilmaz formula and at a medium difficulty level according to the Ateşman formula. According to the Bezirci-Yilmaz formula, the Methotrexate ICF was at an academic level, while the ICFs for Cosmetic Procedures with Energy-Based Devices and Superficial Skin Renewal Methods were at the undergraduate level. When comparing the readability values of Bezirci-Yilmaz and Ateşman, a significant difference was found between five groups with multiple consent forms (p=0.006 for both). Pairwise comparisons revealed that the low readability of the ICFs for Cosmetic Procedures with Energy-Based Devices was responsible for this significant difference. The readability of these forms was at the undergraduate level, according to Bezirci-Yilmaz, and at a challenging level, according to Ateşman. The readability levels of the ICFs available on the official website of the Turkish Dermatology Association are low. These consent forms should be revised to guarantee that patients are sufficiently informed about the medical procedures they will undergo. Otherwise, patients and physicians may face legal challenges due to potential complications.
[Association between the excretion levels of urinary TNOC and NAAs in the inhabitants of high and low risk area for esophageal cancer in southern China].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To assess the role of urinary total N-nitroso compounds(TNOC) index in study etiology of N-nitroso compounds(NOC) of esophageal cancer in southern China and to study the association between TNOC index and traditional indexes of N-nitrosamino acids(NAAs). The samples of 12-hr overnight urine were collected from 120 male adults in high-risk area (Nanao county) and low-risk area(Lufeng county) for esophageal cancer. The 240 male healthy subjects(35-64 years old) were selected by a 3-stage random cluster sample procedure. Levels of TNOC and 4 categories of NAAs were measured in samples. The results showed that Urinary TNOC contents were positively correlated with esophageal cancer mortality in the south(rs = 0.25, P < 0.05). Only 7.5% content of urinary TNOC came from the 4 categories of NAAs in the high-risk area when 57% content of urinary TNOC came from the NAAs in the low-risk area. The urinary NOC components in the high-risk area were more complex than the components in the low-risk area. Urinary TNOC is a better index that is applied to assess the exposure dose of TNOC in humans and study etiology of NOC of esophageal cancer. When the categories of NOC in urine are less, TNOC index is correlated with NAAs indexes. The results imply that TNOC are implicated in the etiology of esophageal cancer in southern China.
A MultiCriteria Group Decision Support System for Industrial Diagnosis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract. The diagnosis is a research key element to improve business performance. However, the diagnosis methods do not possess a unique and universal aspect in a context where diagnosis diversity and complexity are increasing. Thus, there is, currently, no susceptible diagnosis method which ensures the relevance, efficiency and effectiveness of maintenance in all circumstances. The work presented in this article aims to eliminate or at least lessen the impact of unsuccessful attempts of the diagnosis tools development on the good functioning of a company. The development of the multicriteria group decision support system for diagnosis assistance (DIAG-GDSS) is an answer to the problem; it is a collective decision-making tool for the choice of the most relevant diagnosis method. On the basis of a set of criteria and diagnosis methods, carefully selected and implemented, the devel-oped tool allows: • to assist decision makers in maintenance, according to their preferences often conflicting, to adopt a diagnosis method; • to make a quick and efficient diagnosis using the developed methods. In order to meet this group decision where different viewpoints are considered, we propose a multilateral negotiation protocol, coupled with a multicriteria method namely ELECTRE III. This protocol features a coordinator agent and a set of participating agents, trying to find a compromise that best meets all the decision makers.
Improvement to and Validations of the QinetiQ Atmospheric Radiation Model (QARM)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The QinetiQ atmospheric radiation model (QARM) is a comprehensive model of the energetic radiation in the atmosphere. In this paper we report on the improvement and validation activities for this model. The improvements include the implementation of two additional cosmic ray models, new response matrix, dose rate and flight dose calculation facilities. Tests/validations of the model have been carried out at individual component level as well as at system level. We will also report on the web interface developed to allow easy access to the model
Environmental technology demonstrations at US DOE facilities: Observations regarding the current process and methods for improvement

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Technology demonstrations to evaluate innovative processes prior to full-scale implementation is an important element in the overall US Department of Energy (DOE) strategy for the remediation of contaminated sites and/or the treatment of wastes. These demonstrations provide the opportunity to evaluate and compare multiple technologies on a side-by-side basis in order to choose the process that meets the treatment goals most effectively and economically. Technology demonstrations performed at DOE sites entail working under a unique set of constraints that are not typically encountered in the private sector. Not only do the contractors have to meet all applicable federal, state, and local requirements, but also they have the additional constraints of meeting all DOE Orders and specific and sometimes unique site requirements and interfaces. This paper will discuss the past demonstration experience of the authors and provide insight on how researchers and contractors may conduct demonstrations at a DOE facility.
Diffgrasp: Whole-Body Grasping Synthesis Guided by Object Motion Using a Diffusion Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Generating high-quality whole-body human object interaction motion sequences is becoming increasingly important in various fields such as animation, VR/AR, and robotics. The main challenge of this task lies in determining the level of involvement of each hand given the complex shapes of objects in different sizes and their different motion trajectories, while ensuring strong grasping realism and guaranteeing the coordination of movement in all body parts. Contrasting with existing work, which either generates human interaction motion sequences without detailed hand grasping poses or only models a static grasping pose, we propose a simple yet effective framework that jointly models the relationship between the body, hands, and the given object motion sequences within a single diffusion model. To guide our network in perceiving the object's spatial position and learning more natural grasping poses, we introduce novel contact-aware losses and incorporate a data-driven, carefully designed guidance. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art method and generates plausible whole-body motion sequences.
Theoretical Studies of the Influence of an Intermolecular Force and an Electric Field on the Methanol Raman Spectrum

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to detect methanol dissolved in transformer oil is one of the most promising online monitoring techniques for evaluating the transformer aging process. In this work, a microscopic cluster of methanol molecules was obtained by combining experiments and methanol molecular simulations, and the vibrational assignments of methanol Raman peaks were determined. A methanol–Ag19 complex was constructed, and the effect of an applied electric field on the charge transfer effect of the complex was analyzed. Applying an electric field will cause the relative position of methanol molecules in the complex to rotate, thereby changing the amount of charge transfer and the polarizability and resulting in charge redistribution and a Raman intensity change. Specifying the electric field strength can enhance or suppress the intensity of the Raman peak caused by the C–O stretching vibration in methanol molecules. Our research strengthens the understanding of the methanol microstructure and the charge transfer effect of an applied electric field on a SERS of a methanol molecule. This is of great importance for monitoring transformer aging with SERS.
Flesh and Blood: Organ Transplantation and Blood Transfusion in Twentieth Century America

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Flesh and Blood: Organ Transplantation and Blood Transfusion in Twentieth Century America Get access Susan E. Lederer, Flesh and Blood: Organ Transplantation and Blood Transfusion in Twentieth Century America. Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press, 2008. xvi, 224 pp., illustrated. Richard Nollan, Ph.D. candidate Richard Nollan, Ph.D. candidate (Department of History, University of Memphis), The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 877 Madison Ave., Memphis, Tennessee, 38163 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume 65, Issue 2, April 2010, Pages 282–284, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrp042 Published: 13 October 2009
EP15.14: Endometrial carcinomas in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: sonohysterographic findings

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To describe the sonohysterographic features of endometrial carcinomas in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to determine the diagnostic role of sonohysterography (SH) in the evaluation of these lesions. SH findings of 52 PCOS patients with histologically confirmed endometrial carcinomas were evaluated. The mean age was 33.5 years (range 22-45 years). Histology included endometrioid type in 51 cases and Grade 1 in 46 cases, and 46 patients was stage IA. 23 Patients had high dose progestin treatment and 29 patients undergo surgery. SH demonstrated the endometrial thickening in 39 cases, endometrial mass in 6 cases, and endometrial thickening with mass in 7 cases. The endometrial thickness ranged from 5.5 to 27 mm (mean 9.6 mm) and the mass size ranged from 2 to 4.3 cm. They appeared as a diffuse polypoid endometrial thickening and a sessile endometrial mass with an inhomogeneous hyperechogenicity, an irregular surface, and obliteration of endometrial cavity. The tumour involved only to the endometrium in 35 cases and there were superficial myometrial invasion in 15 cases, deep myometrial invasion in 2 cases, and cervical invasion in 4 cases. The SH features of endometrial carcinomas associated with PCOS included a diffuse polypoid endometrial thickening and a sessile endometrial mass with an inhomogeneous hyperechogenicity, an irregular surface, obliteration of the cavity, and absent myometrial invasion. SH may provide more diagnostic value in the evaluation of endometrial carcinomas in women with PCOS. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Coarse woody debris reduces the rate of moisture loss from surface soils of cleared temperate Australian woodlands

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Reintroductions of coarse woody debris (CWD) to Australia’s temperate woodlands have been proposed to offset the impacts of long-term tree removal. However, the magnitude of the reduction in the rate of surface-soil moisture loss due to CWD is not known. Gravimetric soil moisture content was measured at different distances from CWD for 12 samples in a cleared temperate woodland. Sampling was conducted at regular intervals following a major rain event in late summer. Lower soil bulk densities near CWD indicated higher levels of soil carbon. A multivariate nonlinear statistical model was constructed to explain the observed soil moisture content as a function of time after rainfall, distance from CWD and CWD diameter. The model demonstrated that rates of soil moisture loss increased with increasing distance from CWD. Drying times near CWD were 40% longer than drying times at reference distances from CWD. The model also showed that CWD diameter influenced the rate of soil moisture loss, with larger diameters yielding reductions in soil moisture loss over greater distances from CWD. Locations of greater soil moisture availability associated with CWD may be particularly advantageous for organisms sensitive to low soil moisture levels and may increase productivity, particularly in water-limited ecosystems.
Experience report on presential and remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The need for teacher training is a reality among teachers with a bachelor's degree. Based on this, the present work was developed to describe the experience report of a student of the Pedagogical Training Course for Unlicensed Graduates, about the mandatory teaching internships, drawing a parallel between the internships for reflection. The choice for this report was motivated by seeking to understand the main difficulties and challenges during this period. The activities carried out, from document analysis to conducting classes (face-to-face or virtual) were a unique preparation, the conversations with students, the exchange of experiences with teachers from the technical school, and also with colleagues from the training course, were fundamental lessons learned for preparing for teaching in the classroom.
Value of SATB2 immunostaining in the distinction between small intestinal and colorectal adenocarcinomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) is a novel immunomarker that is expressed in glandular cells of the lower gastrointestinal tract with retained expression in the majority of primary and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRCs). Because of its tissue specificity, SATB2 has been shown to be a clinically useful marker to distinguish CRC from non-CRC. In this study, we investigated whether or not SATB2 can help differentiate CRC from small intestinal adenocarcinoma (SIA), a practical diagnostic challenge due to their morphological and immunophenotypic similarities. Methods Fifty surgically resected primary SIAs and 50 CRCs were immunohistochemically examined for the expression of SATB2. Positive staining was graded as 1+ (5–25% of the tumour cells stained), 2+ (26–50%), 3+ (51–75%) or 4+ (>75%), as well as weak, intermediate or strong for staining intensity. Results Positive SATB2 immunoreactivity was observed in 23 (46%) SIAs in contrast to 48 (96%) CRCs (p<0.0001). Among these, only 4 (8%) SIAs showed strong and diffuse (4+) SATB2 staining compared with 38 (76%) of CRCs (p<0.0001). Conclusions SATB2 is not entirely CRC-specific and is expressed in a subset of SIAs. Unlike CRC, however, SIA infrequently shows a strong and diffuse staining pattern, which still makes SATB2 a useful immunomarker to distinguish SIA from CRC.