jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Expanding Acquisition and Clutter Filter Dimensions for Improved Perfusion Sensitivity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A method is explored for increasing the sensitivity of power-Doppler imaging without contrast enhancement. We acquire 1-10 s of echo signals and arrange it into a 3-D spatiotemporal data array. An eigenfilter developed to preserve all three dimensions of the array yields power estimates for blood flow and perfusion that are well separated from tissue clutter. This method is applied at high frequency (24-MHz pulses) to a murine model of an ischemic hindlimb. We demonstrate enhancements to tissue perfusion maps in normal and ischemic tissues. The method can be applied to data from any ultrasonic instrument that provides beamformed RF echo data.
Implementasi Metode Fuzzy Time Series dalam Peramalan Penjualan Produk Unggulan Perusahaan

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research discusses sales forecasting of two superior products of PT. Pakis Logam Perkasa Indonesia: semi-stainless spatula and electric elbow grater c. One of the household furniture manufacturers in Tulungagung sells its wholesale and retail products. Due to the high demand for semi-stainless spatula and c-elbow electric grater products, the company experienced uncontrolled inbound and outbound sales. Therefore, sales forecasting is imperative. Sales forecasting uses previous data to decide how many products to market. Chen's Fuzzy Time Series model uses a technique for forecasting the demand for semi-stainless spatulas and c-elbow electric grates for the next month based on previous data patterns. The two methods used to analyze data are qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The aim of creating this forecasting model is to improve forecasting results, especially in terms of accuracy. Next, the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) determines the error value from the forecasting results. The error value for the semi-stainless spatula product is 1.03%, and the c-elbow electric grater is 0.62%. The MAPE test shows that the forecasting results of these two products are excellent.
Multistepped x-ray crystal diffractor based on a pseudospherical geometry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new type of x-ray focusing crystal diffractor based on a pseudo-spherical stepped geometry is presented. This device is a particular stepped surface, where each element is a spherically bent rectangular crystal, whose reflecting planes are parallel to the surface and oriented so as to fulfill the Bragg condition. The area of each surface element (step) is chosen such as to define the same solid angle. Theoretical parameters and performances of a high resolution Multi-Stepped Monochromator (MSM) based on this geometry are estimated for some typical applications. To this aim, an original approach that allows to determine the Bragg reflection area of each element has been developed and applied both to spherical and pseudo-spherical diffractors. The calculations indicate that the gain of the proposed optical design is significantly enhanced as compared to the best crystal devices bi- dimensionally focusing. In particular in the high resolution conditions, the gain in spectral throughput of a MSM device is about one order of magnitude, with respect a conventional one.
A Rare Cause of Ascites-Disseminated TB with Peritonitis in a Middle-Aged Female

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Disseminated tuberculosis (TB) has been increasingly recognized in adults in the recent times due to increased prevalence of immune suppression. Here we describe a case of 47-year-old female who presented with disproportionate ascites where the diagnosis of disseminated TB was delayed. Case Report. A 47-year-old previously healthy female presented with generalised body swelling with disproportionate ascites and loss of appetite and weight for four-month duration. She denied any contact or past history of TB and reported no respiratory symptoms. Physical examination revealed significant ascites. There was no lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. Respiratory system examination was normal. Her Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) was above 100. Tuberculin skin test was positive with 17mm. Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) abdomen revealed chronic liver disease with ascites. Diagnostic laparoscopy was in favour of miliary TB and the peritoneal biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis, suggestive of TB. The patient was started on antituberculosis treatment and subsequently improved. Conclusion. TB peritonitis due to disseminated TB should be considered in the differential diagnosis of disproportionate ascites. Even though the diagnosis is difficult, diagnostic laparoscopy and biopsy is very helpful. It is important to have an early diagnosis since delay in treatment can be detrimental in most cases.
[The narcissism of Thomas Mann and pathologic interpretation of his homosexuality. On a "new concept" in research on Thomas Mann].

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

On the basis of Morgenthaler's sexual theory, the author reviews Wysling's discussion of Thomas Mann's "narcissistic symptomatology" and attempts to refocus it within the external perspective of pubertal conflict. Societally organized forms of sexuality are invariably aimed at the maintenance of narcissistic equilibrium which has been jeopardized by the dissolution of the mother-infant unit. It follows that the neurotic constitution of many homosexuals results not from any hypothetical developmental disturbance in early infancy, but chiefly from the actual conflict with society.
Cognition of using antibiotics and its intervention among staff and students in a vocational college

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To understand the cognition of using antibiotics and its adverse reactions among the staff and students in a vocational college,so as to provide the evidence for improving the use of antibiotics.Methods A questionnaire investigations were performed on 1 500 staff and students from October to December in 2010.The data were collected and analyzed.Results Totally 45.76% of the staff and students used antibiotics under the guidance of doctors,and 47.42% used antibiotics by themselves or on other's advice,while 60.28% did not know the bacterial resistance to antibiotics resulted from the overuse of antibiotics.Conclusions There is a cognition deviation of antibiotics and bacterial resistance to antibiotics.We should enforce the health education for improving the knowledge of rational use of antibiotics and also enhance the behavioral intervention.
National Land Cover Database 2019: A Comprehensive Strategy for Creating the 1986–2019 Forest Disturbance Product

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2016 products show that, between 2001 and 2016, nearly half of the land cover change in the conterminous United States (CONUS) involved forested areas. To ensure the quality of NLCD land cover and land cover change products, it is important to accurately detect the location and time of forest disturbance. We designed a comprehensive strategy to integrate a continuous time series forest change detection method and a discrete 2-date forest change detection method to produce the NLCD 1986–2019 forest disturbance product, which shows the most recent forest disturbance date between the years 1986 and 2019 for every 2- to 3-year interval. This method, the Time-Series method Using Normalized Spectral Distance (NSD) index (TSUN), uses NSD to detect multi-date forest land cover changes and was shown to be easily extended to a new date even when new images were processed in a different way than previous date images. The discrete 2-date method uses the Multi-Index Integrated Change Analysis (MIICA) method to detect changes between 2-date images. A method based on confidence and object grouping was designed to combine the multiple MIICA outputs to improve change detection accuracy. Finally, an aggregation scheme was implemented to combine the TSUN output, the integrated MIICA results, and ancillary data to produce the NLCD 2019 forest disturbance 1986–2019 product. The initial accuracy assessments from 1,600 samples over 4 Landsat path/rows show that the producer’s and user’s accuracies of the 2001–2019 forest disturbance map are 76% and 74%, respectively. The final CONUS-wide forest disturbance product is provided at https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd-2019-science-research-products .
Youth and Age: Families of Wealthy Commoners in Late Medieval Dubrovnik

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The author discusses the intergenerational relationships in the wealthy commoner's families of Dubrovnik.The research was based on notarial documents, mostly testaments and marriage contracts, as well as on the treatise On Trade and the Perfect Merchant written by the distinguished Ragusan merchant Benedict Cotruglio (Kotruljevic) in 1458.The results were compared with those of David Rheubottom in his study on Dubrovnik's nobility, as well as with research cunducted by Zdenka Janekovic Romer and Nenad Vekaric.
Programming By Demonstration Using Version Space Algebra

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Programming by demonstration enables users to easily personalize their applications, automating repetitive tasks simply by executing a few examples. We formalize programming by demonstration as a machine learning problem: given the changes in the application state that result from the user’s demonstrated actions, learn the general program that maps from one application state to the next. We present a methodology for learning in this space of complex functions. First we extend version spaces to learn arbitrary functions, not just concepts. Then we introduce the version space algebra, a method for composing simpler version spaces to construct more complex spaces. Finally, we apply our version space algebra to the text-editing domain and describe an implemented system called SMARTedit that learns repetitive text-editing procedures by example. We evaluate our approach by measuring the number of examples required for the system to learn a procedure that works on the remainder of examples, and by an informal user study measuring the effort users spend using our system versus performing the task by hand. The results show that SMARTedit is capable of generalizing correctly from as few as one or two examples, and that users generally save a significant amount of effort when completing tasks with SMARTedit’s help.
Carangoides armatus: Smith-Vaniz, W.F., Borsa, P., Carpenter, K.E., Yahya, S., Obota, C. & Jiddawi, N.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.
New strategies for targeting transactivation domains: insights from the androgen receptor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Transcription factors are, in theory, ideal targets for developing new therapies, as they drive the expression of genes, oftentimes those that lead to pathologies. However, these proteins typically contain large intrinsically disordered regions that are not amenable to classical structure-based drug discovery. Advances in understanding the rules governing the function of transcription factors can open new avenues to diseases that were previously considered incurable. In this work, we take advantage of recent developments, specifically those in the field of biomolecular condensation and identification of protein binders of the androgen receptor to further the different stages of drug development towards new strategies to fight castration resistant prostate cancer. To this end, we developed a new in vitro condensation assay that allowed us to identify small molecules targeting the activation domain of the androgen receptor. We also explore the features of the interaction between the androgen receptor and general transcription factor IIF and describe two attempts to disrupt this interaction. Taken together, these studies provide new insights and methods to better understand the function and druggability of transactivation domains, using the androgen receptor as an example.
Reversible addition–fragmentation transfer polymerization of p‐nitrophenyl acrylate and synthesis of diblock copolymers poly(p‐nitrophenyl acrylate)‐b‐polystyrene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Poly( p ‐nitrophenyl acrylate)s (PNPAs) with different molecular mass and narrow polydispersity were successfully synthesized for the first time by reversible addition–fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator and [1‐(ethoxy carbonyl) prop‐1‐yl dithiobenzoate] as the chain‐transfer agent. Although the molecular mass of PNPAs can be controlled by the molar ratio of NPA to RAFT agent and the conversion, a trace of homo‐PNPA was found, especially at the early stage of polymerization. The dithiobenzoyl‐terminated PNPA obtained was used as a macro chain‐transfer agent in the successive RAFT block copolymerization of styrene (St) with AIBN as the initiator. After purification by two washings with cyclohexane and nitromethane to remove homo‐PSt and homo‐PNPA, the pure diblock copolymers, PNPA‐ b ‐PSt's, with narrow molecular weight distribution were obtained. The structural analysis of polymerization products by 1 H NMR and GPC verified the formation of diblock copolymers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4862–4872, 2004
Sustainable Financing Options for Agriculture in Zimbabwe

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper seek to investigate the extent to which Zimbabwe’s agriculture sector, has a financing gap and to find ways and strategies that can be adopted by Government, banks and the donor community to close the gap. The paper notes that there indeed exists a financing gap in the country’s agriculture sector, especially after the Fast Track Land Reform Programme due to land ownership challenges that emerged in the country’s land market. Notwithstanding this challenge, basing on experience elsewhere, the paper argues that the country’s agriculture sector is bankable and creditworthy. The paper emphasizes the importance of information, social cohesion and peer loan guaranteeing in successful lending to agriculture. It is, therefore, recommended that institutions such as the Grain Marketing Board, with assistance from Government need to invest in establishing farmer data bases on past farmer loan performance, production performance and indebtedness that banks need in appraising farmers’ loan applications. Banks on the other hand need to adopt collateral substitution lending approaches that have been used by successful agriculture finance institutions in other countries to lend to the sector without collateral security.
OC-077 Jejunal tube feeding experience in paediatric nutrition support

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction There is an emerging group of children in whom poor and worsening upper GI dysmotility limits feed toleration and impacts growth; we wished to evaluate the role of jejunal tube feeding (JTF) in this group. Methods A retrospective cohort study (database/clinical note review) in a tertiary paediatric centre to evaluate use of PEG-J, transgastric gastrojejunostomy (GJ) tubes and surgical roux-en Y jejunostomy (ReYJ), and the impact on growth of JTF in children with worsening GI dysmotility. All children (<18 years) receiving home enteral tube feeding (HETF) during the period 01 January 2002–31 December 2011. Weight at time of commencing JTF and at 6 or 12 months post-start was collected and expressed as SD or Z-score. Change in weight Z-score was calculated using paired t-test. Results A total of 866 children received HETF during the study period, of whom 41(5%) had JTF at home. Median (range) decimal age at start of JTF was 2.7(0.1–16.2) years. 36 of 41 (88%) had an underlying neurodisability; 33 of 41 (80%) were gastrostomy fed prior to commencing JTF. Of the 41 JTF children, 19 (46%) were fed via a GJ tube, 5 (12%) via PEG-J and 17 (42%) had a ReYJ. The majority of JTF related complications occurred with GJ tubes; although usually minor, one death occurred following small bowel intussusception around a GJ tube. Minor JTF complications included burst balloons, holes in the Y-port or tube and fungal infection and resolution required tube changes. Tube migration was a problem with both GJ and PEG-J tubes; ReYJ were associated with the fewest minor complications of stomal infection and leakage. By study end, 21 (51%) continue on JTF, 9 (22%) died (all but 1 due to their underlying condition), 1 (2%) moved out of area, 2 (5%) transitioned to adult services and 8 (20%) returned to gastric feeding. 25 of 41 children had JTF for >6 months and had longitudinal growth data collected; median (range) weight Z-score at the start of JTF was −1.3 (−5.2–2.1) and rose to −1.0 (−3.4–2.3) by 6–12 months, with a significant improvement in mean (95% CI) change in weight Z-score of 0.7 (0.1 to 1.3) (p=0.02). Conclusion There are time consuming practical challenges associated with JTF, some of which are device dependent, and ReY JTF appears best for long-term usage. JTF is an effective intervention to improve growth in children with severe and worsening upper GI dysmotility. Competing interests None declared.
THE REASSESSMENT OF THE ROMAN MILITARY PRESENCE IN GALICIA AND NORTHERN PORTUGAL THROUGH DIGITAL TOOLS: ARCHAEOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND HISTORICAL PROBLEMS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Traditionally, the study of the Roman military presence in Galicia (Spain) and Northern Portugal has been based on the fragmentary documentation offered by Greek and Latin authors or epigraphy, with archaeology occupying a very secondary place in these historical narratives. In particular, the information is very scarce for the period between the 2nd century BCE and 1st century CE, when these territories were conquered and integrated into the Roman world. This work presents new Roman military sites discovered through an integrated methodology involving an intensive application of remote sensing techniques in order to provide information to foster a paradigm shift in this field of study. Distributed over a wide geographical area and displaying a wide morpho-typological and locational diversity, this new archaeological evidence not only reflects the ability of the Roman army to adapt to local natural and cultural environments, but also reveals a major operational and logistical assortment that may relate to the diachronic nature of the military presence in the region.
Detection of Brainwaves in Magnetic Resonance Images Using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to detect brainwave and physiological signals from MR images by applying Fourier transform and Shannon's sampling theorem. Ten datasets were obtained from 10 subjects using the gradient echo - echo planar imaging (GE-EPI) sequence with a 3.0 T Phillips scanner. 1500 images on an axial plane consisting of the eyeballs were acquired for each subject. MATLAB was used for the image processing. The 1500 time frame signals were being Fourier transformed to produce the frequency spectral. Then, a bandpass filter was applied to filter out the unwanted signals in order to detect the brainwaves and physiological signals. Our study showed that the axonal magnetic field was 6.64±0.27 pT for delta waves, 6.58±2.28 pT for theta waves, 8.33±1.53 nT for the respiration signal, and 9.01±4.16 nT for the heartbeat signal. The brainwaves were found in the occipital and temporal lobes. The heartbeat was concentrated around the circle of Willis while the respiration signal around the subarachnoid space and superior sagittal sinus.
Acute viral hepatitis (C - genotype 6a and B) acquired during kidney transplantation by two patients and review of the literature.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two patients were contaminated by hepatitis during kidney transplantation from unrelated living donors, performed abroad in 2006. One patient died from fulminant hepatitis C (the first case of virus genotype 6a diagnosed in Israel) 2 months after transplantation and the other developed acute hepatitis B with YMDD to YVDD mutation necessitating life-long antiviral therapy. The dilemma of antiviral therapy in transplant recipients is discussed in this paper. Patients awaiting kidney transplantation by far outnumber the kidneys available for cadaver transplantation. International trade with living non-related kidneys has therefore become common. Comorbid conditions, although significant, are often ignored. After transplantation, the first patient presented with a picture of fulminant hepatitis C; immunosuppressive medication was tapered rapidly. This patient subsequently died from hepatic failure. The patient with active hepatitis B with YVDD mutation is receiving ongoing treatment by lamivudine and adefovir.
Optimal Resource Allocation in OFDMA Systems with Imperfect Channel Knowledge

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

... have typically assumed the availability of perfect channel state information (CSI). Unfortunately, this is unrealistic, primarily due to channel estimation errors, and more importantly, channel feedback delay. In this paper, we develop optimal resource allocation algorithms for OFDMA systems assuming the availability of only partial (imperfect) CSI. We consider both continuous and discrete ergodic weighted sum rate maximization subject to total power constraints, and average bit error rate constraints for the discrete rate case. We approach these problems using a dual optimization framework, allowing us to solve these problems with O(MK) complexity per symbol for an OFDMA system with K used subcarriers and M active users, while achieving relative optimality gaps of less than 10 −5 for continuous rates and less than 10 −3 for discrete rates in simulations based on realistic parameters.