jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Demonstrating compliance with the National Protocols

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The National Protocols for Higher Education Approval Processes (the ‘National Protocols’) are a key element of the national quality assurance framework for Australian higher education. They are designedto protect the standing of Australian higher education nationally and internationally by assuring students and the community that higher education institutions in Australia have met identified criteria and are subject to appropriate government regulation. They were revised in 2007 and at that time were scheduled for review in 2012.The advent of TEQSA and a standards approach to Australian Higher Education quality assurance will see the National Protocols evolve into ‘Provider Registration Standards’ and ‘Provider CategoryStandards’ which all Higher Education providers are required to meet. In Cycle 2 audits, Australian Universities have been required to demonstrate their adherence to the National Protocols as a precursor to their AUQA audit. This workshop will assist those Universities still to undertake a Cycle 2 audit. There will also be discussion about the new ‘Provider Registration Standards’ and ‘Provider CategoryStandards’ which it is proposed will apply eventually to all Higher Education providers.
Equatorial Spread F structures and associated airglow intensity variations observed over Gadanki

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Co-ordinated campaigns have been conducted from Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E, dip lat 6.4° N) by operating simultaneously the Indian MST radar in ionospheric coherent backscatter mode and by monitoring thermosphere airglow line emissions (630.0 nm and 777.4 nm) using a narrow band multi-wavelength scanning photometer during January-March for the past five years (2003–2007) and also during April 2006, as a special campaign. Simultaneous radar and optical observations reveal optical signatures corresponding to a variety of equatorial spread F (ESF) structures. The optical signatures corresponding to ESF structures with wave-like bottomside modulations with plasma plumes, confined bottomside flat and wavelike structures, vertically extended plume structure in the absence of bottomside structure apart from the classical plasma depletions and enhancements are obtained during these campaigns. The plasma depletions and enhancements were identified using optical measurements. In addition, estimations of zonal wavelength of the bottomside structures and the inference of shears in the zonal plasma drift in the presence of confined structures, were carried out using bi-directional airglow measurements. Furthermore, it is found that the vertical columnar intensity of OI 630.0 nm airglow exceeded the slanted columnar intensity in the presence of large bottomside structure. The need for the appropriate physical mechanisms for some of the ESF structures and their characterizations with optical observations are discussed.
Combinability Model of Chemical Compositions of Steel upon Adjustment of Chemical Element Content

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The solution of the problem for searching of the optimal chemical composition regarding the simultaneous fulfillment of different order requirements to steel production is suggested. The combinability model of chemical compositions of steel upon adjustment of the content of chemical elements with the requirement assumptions for the standards and rules of combinability and its program implementation are given. The obtained cost advantages from implementation of model are mentioned.
In the Shadow of Armageddon: Working Analytically After Trump’s Election

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The election of Donald Trump confronted patients and analysts with a shared trauma reminiscent of 9/11. Session after session, in the midst of our anguish, we were faced with patients who were emotionally flooded themselves, struggling in ways which sometimes complemented and sometimes threatened our own coping skills. There was simply no place to hide. In this paper, I utilize trauma theory to examine some of the clinical dynamics that ensued in the days following the election, as each member of the dyad’s trauma history, coping style and dissociative mechanisms created sometimes destabilizing enactments. I offer several clinical examples in which my tendency to cope through dissociation and withdrawal was threatened by—and threatening to—my most emotionally vulnerable patients. In such a fraught time, how does each member of the dyad profoundly impact the other?
Seasonal Insect Food of the Brown-shouldered Uta (Lizard)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Seasonal Insect Food of the Brown-shouldered Uta (Lizard) Get access G. F. Knowlton, G. F. Knowlton Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. Don Fronk, W. Don Fronk Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. R. Maddock D. R. Maddock Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 35, Issue 6, 1 December 1942, Page 942, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/35.6.942 Published: 01 December 1942
Immigrant students’ achievements in light of their educational aspirations and academic motivation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite their often-reported tendency to 'aim high', children of immigrants frequently demonstrate lower school achievement than children of non-immigrants. We address this attitude-achievement paradox by proposing a conditional view that contends that exposure to the destination country's language is essential for transforming favourable educational orientations into achievement. Based on German data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we study the role of educational attitudes in terms of both sociological measures of educational aspirations and psychological measures of academic motivation. The attitude-achievement paradox is reflected in a weaker link between educational orientations and reading achievement among students from certain migrant groups than among their majority peers. Regarding the sources of these discrepancies, we find that immigrant students who use the destination language in their everyday interactions experience greater benefits from higher levels of educational aspirations and academic motivation than do those with less exposure to the language. In this manner, we can account for some of the observed group differences in the link between educational attitudes and achievement and, thus, for part of the attitude-achievement paradox.
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Increases the Risk of Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Purpose— No previous study has investigated the incidence or risk of cerebrovascular diseases developing after the sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). This study sets out to estimate the risk of stroke development among SSNHL patients during a 5e-year follow-up period after hospitalization for acute episodes of SSNHL. Methods— Our study design features a study cohort and a comparison cohort. The study cohort consists of all patients hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of sudden hearing loss (n=1,423), whereas the control cohort comprised all patients hospitalized for an appendectomy in 1998 (n=5692) as a surrogate for the general population. Each patient was tracked from hospitalization in 1998 until the end of 2003. Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed as a means of computing the 5-year stroke-free survival rates after adjustment for possible confounding factors. Results— Of the total sample, 621 patients (8.7%) had strokes during the 5-year follow-up period: 180 (12.7% of the SSNHL patients) from the study cohort and 441 (7.8% of patients undergoing an appendectomy) from the control cohort. After adjusting for other factors, the hazard of stroke during the 5-year follow-up period was 1.64-times (95% CI, 1.31 to 2.07; P <0.001) greater for SSNHL patients than for appendectomy patients. Conclusions— Our findings suggest that SSNHL can be an early warning sign of impending stroke. We suggest that SSNHL patients should undergo a comprehensive hematologic and neurological examination to help clinicians identify those potentially at risk for stroke developing in the near future.
Photostability Mechanisms in Human γB-Crystallin: Role of the Tyrosine Corner Unveiled by Quantum Mechanics and Hybrid Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Methodologies

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The tyrosine corner is proposed as a featured element to enhance photostability in human γB-crystallin when exposed to UV irradiation. Different ultrafast processes were studied by multiconfigurational quantum chemistry coupled to molecular mechanics: photoinduced singlet-singlet energy, electron and proton transfer, as well as population and evolution of triplet states. The minimum energy paths indicate two possible UV photoinduced events: forward-backward proton-coupled electron transfer providing to the system a mechanism for ultrafast internal conversion, and energy transfer, leading to fluorescence or phosphorescence. The obtained results are in agreement with the available experimental data, being in line with the proposed photoinduced processes for the different tyrosine environments within γB-crystallin.
Life course influences on coronary heart disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This chapter outlines the concepts of life course epidemiology as applied to coronary heart disease (CHD), discusses evidence with regard to early life factors and CHD, and considers the recently debated issue as to whether there is any need to continue searching for additional CHD risk factors above the well-established adulthood factors. It examines how well CHD trends fit with life course approaches and concludes by reviewing some of the remaining important issues in CHD epidemiology from a life course perspective.
NATURAL REMEDIES WITH POTENTIAL ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY AND ROLE OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE IN DEVELOPMENT OF THOSE REMEDIES: A REVIEW

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

At present times, Herbal remedies occupy an important position for being the paramount sources of drug discovery, irrespective of its categorized groups in which including herbs, Shrubs or trees.Plants have been indispensable in treating diverse form of diseases including cancer.Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases.There are more than 100 different types of cancer the plant based drug discovery resulted mainly in the development of anticancer agents including plants (vincristine, vinblastine, etoposide, paclitaxel, camptothecin, topotecan and irinotecan), marine organisms (citarabine, aplidine and dolastatin 10) and micro-organisms (dactinomycin, bleomycin and doxorubicin) and` tissue culture are the most important technique for the development of those remedies in short duration of time tissue culture are also useful to produce many copies in any time of the same plants then which may be used to produce plants with better flowers, odour's, fruits or any other properties of the plants that is beneficial to the human beings
An evolutionary view of melatonin synthesis and metabolism related to its biological functions in plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Plant melatonin research is a rapidly developing field. A variety of isoforms of melatonin’s biosynthetic enzymes are present in different plants. Due to the different origins, they exhibit independent responses to the variable environmental stimuli. The locations for melatonin biosynthesis in plants are chloroplasts and mitochondria. These organelles have inherited their melatonin biosynthetic capacities from their bacterial ancestors. Under ideal conditions, chloroplasts are the main sites of melatonin biosynthesis. If the chloroplast pathway is blocked for any reason, the mitochondrial pathway will be activated for melatonin biosynthesis to maintain its production. Melatonin metabolism in plants is a less studied field; its metabolism is quite different from that of animals even though they share similar metabolites. Several new enzymes for melatonin metabolism in plants have been cloned and these enzymes are absent in animals. It seems that the 2-hydroxymelatonin is a major metabolite of melatonin in plants and its level is ~400-fold higher than that of melatonin. In the current article, from an evolutionary point of view, we update the information on plant melatonin biosynthesis and metabolism. This review will help the reader to understand the complexity of these processes and promote research enthusiasm in these fields.
Individualist Stakeholding

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The issue of how resources should be shared across society is one of the most important and long-standing questions in politics and economics. Individuals usually depend on resources in order to help fulfil their goals and ambitions. The stock of resources in any society is, however, finite. The potentially infinite set of ways in which resources can be deployed means that the existing stock of resources is unlikely to fully service the aims and aspirations of all individuals across society. This problem of scarcity means that the question of how resources should be distributed across society is a significant one. Two themes have attracted particular attention in discussions about the proper distribution of resources. First, the idea that all people should be treated equally exerts important influence. It asserts that no individual should be deprived of access to resources through unfortunate circumstances. It is not fair, for example, for a person to suffer a lack of resources simply because they were unlucky enough to be born into a poor family. A second theme draws attention to the importance of rewarding effort. This defends the view that individuals have legitimate claims over resources which they have expended effort in order to accumulate. If individuals invest resources in order to acquire further resources, rather than simply consuming existing resources, then they are entitled to have a share of the fruits of their endeavour.
Moving beyond descriptions of diversity: clinical and research implications of bacterial imbalance in chronic rhinosinusitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a debilitating disease which affects 5-16% of the general population and involves long-term inflammation of the sinonasal cavity.While microbial involvement in the pathogenesis of CRS has long been suspected, the exact role of microbes remains unclear.Recent application of cultivation-independent, molecular methods has provided much new information, taking advantage of developments in both laboratory-and bioinformatics-based analyses.The aim of this mini-review is to present a variety of available bioinformatics approaches, such as data classification techniques and network analyses, with proven applications in other aspects of human microbiome health and disease research.The uses of molecular techniques in the clinical setting are still in its infancy, but these tools can further our understanding of microbial imbalance during chronic disease and help guide effective patient treatment.The mini-review emphasises ways in which CRS bacterial gene-targeted sequencing data can progress beyond descriptive summaries and toward unlocking the mechanisms by which bacterial communities can be markers for sinus health.
Interor and \(\mathfrak h\) operators of the category of locales

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We construct the concrete categories \(\mathbf{I\text{-}Loc}\) and \(\mathbf{\mathfrak h\text{-}Loc}\) over the category \(\mathbf{Loc}\) of locales and we deduce that they are topological categories, where \(\mathbf I\) and \(\mathfrak h\) denote respectively the classes of interior and \(h\) operators of the category \(\mathbf{Loc}\) of locales.
Socioeconomic determinants of out-of-pocket pharmaceutical expenditure among middle-aged and elderly adults based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective Out-of-pocket pharmaceutical expenditure (OOPPE) is a considerable burden for middle-aged and elderly adults due to their high prevalence of diseases, insufficient income and absence of medical insurance in China. The objective of this study was to assess the determinants of OOPPE among Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults. Methods This is a cross-sectional study based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey conducted in 2015. The Andersen behavioural health model was used to select the factors. Binary multivariable logistic and generalised linear regressions were both applied to examine the determinants of OOPPE. Results Of the respondents, 15.28%, 5.20% and 51.35% reported an OOPPE for outpatient services, inpatient services and self-medication, respectively. The OOPPE for outpatient services, inpatient services and self-medication was US$6.66, US$17.93 and US$15.32, respectively. Increased age significantly influenced the likelihood of OOPPE, and older people (aged >65 years) had lower OOPPE for outpatient services. Having health insurance significantly reduced the likelihood of OOPPE for outpatient and inpatient services but increased OOPPE for self-medication. In general, compared with the low-income group, higher income groups had a significantly lower likelihood of having an OOPPE, and when they did the amounts were less. Generally, middle-aged and elderly people with poor self-reported health status, limitation of daily activities, and critical or chronic diseases had a significantly higher likelihood of having an OOPPE and at a significantly higher amount. Conclusion Policy-making efforts should focus on reducing self-medication OOPPE and alleviating its associated socioeconomic determinants to ease the economic burden of diseases among middle-aged and elderly adults in China.
Long‐term observational studies with cannabis‐based medicines for chronic non‐cancer pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of effectiveness and safety

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Objective This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness, tolerability and safety of cannabis‐based medicines (CbMs) for chronic non‐cancer pain (CNCP) in long‐term observational studies. Databases and Data Treatment CENTRAL, EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched until December 2021. We included prospective observational studies with a study duration ≥26 weeks. Pooled estimates of event rates of categorical data and standardized mean differences (SMD) of continuous variables were calculated using a random effects model. Results Six studies were included with 2686 participants, with study duration ranging between 26 and 52 weeks. Pain conditions included nociceptive, nociplastic, neuropathic and mixed pain mechanisms. The certainty of evidence for every outcome was very low. The weighted mean difference of mean pain reduction was 1.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72 to 2.78) on a 0–10 scale. 20.8% (95% CI 10.2% to 34.0%) of patients reported pain relief of 50% or greater. The effect size for sleep problems was moderate and for depression and anxiety was low. Study completions was reported for 53.3% (95% CI 26.8% to 79.9%) of patients, with dropouts of 6.8% (95% CI 4.3% to 9.7%) due to adverse events. Serious adverse events occurred in 3.0% (95 CI 0.02% to 12.8%) and 0.3% (95% CI 0.1% to 0.6%) of patients died. Conclusions Information included in observational studies should be regarded with caution. Within the context of observational studies. CbMs had positive effects on multiple symptoms for some CNCP patients and were generally well tolerated and safe. Significance There is very low quality evidence for the long‐term effectiveness (pain, sleep, mood, health‐related quality of life), tolerability and safety of medical cannabis for chronic non‐cancer pain (CNCP) according to reports of prospective observational studies. Predefined criteria of a large magnitude of effect size in these types of studies were not met. Nevertheless, long‐term medical cannabis therapy can be considered in some carefully selected and monitored patients with CNCP.
Long-Term Clinical and Duplex Follow-up After Proximal Vertebral Artery Reconstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From 1977 to 1989, 28 patients, 18 men and 10 women, underwent 29 proxi mal vertebral artery reconstructions. Indications were vertebrobasilar insuffi ciency in 17 patients and TIA or stroke in 6. Five were asymptomatic. Procedures performed were endarterectomy in 20, reimplantation in 5, venous bypass in 3, and decompression in 1 case. Concomitant procedures were coro nary artery bypass grafting (6) and carotid, subclavian, or innominate artery revascularization (14). There was no operative mortality. There were 3 early reoperations for occlu sion, bleeding, and lymph fistula, respectively. Except for 1 foreign patient recent clinical follow-up was complete. Mean follow-up was 85.6 months (range 17-146). During follow-up 10 patients died. Causes were mainly cardiac (3), carcinoma (3), and stroke (2). Seventeen pa tients were alive, 13 had no cerebrovascular symptoms, 2 sustained a hemi spherical stroke, 1 was only slightly improved, and 1 had a drop attack 131 months after operation. Five and ten-year actuarial survival rates were 85% and 51 % respectively. Follow-up with duplex scan was available in 26 patients and was complete in 24. Mean duplex follow-up was 78.6 months (range 3-146). Significant abnor malities were noted in 6 but with symptoms in only 1 patient. Mean time to restenosis was 77.3 months. Late angiographic control in 10 patients correlated well with duplex findings. Proximal vertebral artery reconstruction yields good clinical long-term results, and duplex scan is a useful tool in the follow-up of these patients.