jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Some Asymptotic Results on Random Rank Statistics

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with two different problems. The first one deals with asymptotic normality of simple linear rank statistics based on random number of observations $X_i$, henceforth called random rank statistics, under the alternative where each $X_i$ has a different distribution $F_i$. The second problem deals with showing that the random rank statistics as a function of the regression parameter in the simple linear regression model is asymptotically uniformly linear (hence continuous) in that parameter. Obviously the two problems are different and could be solved in separate papers but for certain lemmas which are common to the solution of both of these problems. It is suggested not to try to apply the result of Section 3 to Section 4, unless mentioned explicitly. The results of Section 2 are the results which are common, to some extent, to the solution of these two problems. Pyke and Schorack [11] proved asymptotic normality of a class of two sample random rank statistics under two sample alternatives. Our theorem 3.1 could be thought of as a generalization of the result of [11] to more than two samples situation. Our score function $\\varphi$ is in smaller class than that of [11]. On the other hand our methods yield the asymptotic normality for random rank-sign statistics. This is also contained in Section 3. Section 2 proves a basic lemma about weak convergence of random weighted empirical cumulatives to a tied down continuous Gaussian process. In [5] and [7] asymptotic uniform linearity of rank statistics based on nonrandom number of observations was proved. In [5] conditions are very general on $\\varphi$ and underlying distribution $F$ whereas conditions in [7] are quite stringent. But in [7] we do not need any artificial condition like (2.1) of [5] on underlying regression constants. However in both of these references, regression scores were assumed to be bounded. In Section 4 here we extend the results of [7] to random rank and random rank-sign statistics and to the case where regression scores need not be bounded. In Section 5 we show how the results of Section 4 can be used to construct a bounded length confidence interval for a regression parameter using rank sign statistics with asymptotic (as length $\\rightarrow 0$) coverage probability achieved. Apart from applying Theorem 3.1 to the i.i.d. case, as is mentioned in the remark at the end of Section 5, it is hoped that Theorem 3.1 can be found applicable in some other interesting situations.
Re-Identification of Monascus Strains based on Molecular and Morphological Characteristics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Names of three Monascus strains deposited at BCRC/FIRDI were revised based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological data. Conclusively BCRC 31746 and BCRC 31747 were identified as Monascus purpureus. BCRC 32668 was identified as Monascus sanguineus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis was both accurate and reliable in the identification of Monascus species.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor, Nivolumab, Combined with Chemotherapy Improved the Survival of Unresectable Advanced and Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Real-World Experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have a poor prognosis when treated with standard chemotherapy. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in esophageal cancer has been associated with poor survival and more advanced stage. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-1 inhibitors, showed benefits in advanced esophageal cancer in clinical trials. We analyzed the prognosis of patients with unresectable esophageal SCC who received nivolumab with chemotherapy, dual immunotherapy (nivolumab and ipilimumab), or chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. Patients who received nivolumab with chemotherapy had a better overall response rate (ORR) (72% vs. 66.67%, p = 0.038) and longer overall survival (OS) (median OS: 609 days vs. 392 days, p = 0.04) than those who received chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. In patients receiving nivolumab with chemotherapy, the duration of the treatment response was similar regardless of the treatment line they received. According to clinical parameters, liver and distant lymph nodes metastasis showed a trend of negative and positive impacts, respectively, on treatment response in the whole cohort and in the immunotherapy-containing regimen cohort. Nivolumab add-on treatment showed less gastrointestinal and hematological adverse effects, compare with chemotherapy. Here, we showed that nivolumab combined with chemotherapy is a better choice for patients with unresectable esophageal SCC.
Peeling Back the Layers: Female Higher Ordination in Sri Lanka

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The question of higher ordination for Therav?da women is a complicated one. Although thousands of Buddhist women in a number of different Therav?da countries pursue a life of homelessness and renunciation, the majority are not recognized as ordained renunciants by their surrounding male monastic orders. This paper explores some of the reasons behind the general reticence concerning higher ordination felt by many of the silm?tas interviewed, and focuses specifically on some of the socio-economic factors that may be affecting their decision-making process
Manihot esculenta CM4729-4

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Manihot esculenta
Common name(s): cassava
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Colombia
Local sample unique identifier: CM4729-4
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1983-12-01
Other identifiers: n/a,CM 4729- 4, n/a,CM 4729- 4
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeding/research material
MLS status: Included
A Case Study of Instructional Conversations for Equitable Participation in an Elementary Classroom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study analyzed how the use of the Instructional Conversation for Equitable Participation (ICEP) rubric affected teaching practices in a combined kindergarten and first grade virtual classroom and made considerations for ways to improve the rubric for continued use. The rubric was designed to assist teachers and students in participating in collaborative, small group discussions that emphasized students’ identities and experiences and promoted all students’ participation. Though the rubric was under development, it influenced the teacher’s instructional practices and noticings. In particular, using the rubric revealed ways that the teacher could be more culturally responsive to the everyday experiences of her students. Analysis of the video recordings, reflection notes, and transcripts indicated that having a framework to guide reflection and determine next steps in facilitating an ICEP was beneficial. The results brought attention to the importance of discussions with small groups on equitable participation and student voice. Evidence showed that components of the ICEP rubric could also be used to enhance interactions with the whole class. The findings from this study also suggested considerations for the rubric’s content and structure and the influence participating in a professional learning community had on the teacher.
Characterization of aldose reductases Ia and Ib from rabbit lens.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The properties of two aldose reductases (Ia and Ib) from rabbit lens were investigated. Both enzymes showed similar substrate specificity, and were capable of reducing various aldoses and aldehydes. On the basis of apparent Km, Vmax and second-order rate constant (kcat/Km) values, both enzymes had the highest reductive efficiency toward aromatic aldehydes such as pnitrobenzaldehyde. Among the aldoses tested, the aldose reductases exhibited a high affinity for DL-glyceraldehyde (Km of 31μM for Ia and 32μM for Ib) and a low affinity for D-glucose (Km of 92mM for Ia and 126mM for Ib). Aldose reductase I's could utilize both reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as coenzymes, but NADH was less effective than NADPH. The Km values for NADPH (1.4μM for Ia and 1.3μM for Ib) were much smaller than those for NADH (420μM for Ia and 270μM for Ib). Aldose reductase I's were strongly activated by sulfate ion and their Km and Vmax values for substrate and coenzyme were increased. Aldose reductase I's were inhibited strongly by aldose reductase inhibitors : about 80% by 0.3μM quercitrin, 65% by 1.6μM quercetin and about 70% by 8.0μM 3, 3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid. NADP+ and adenosine 2', 5'-diphosphate (2', 5'-ADP) were strong competitive inhibitors of both aldose reductase I's with respect to the coenzyme. The K1 values for 2', 5'-ADP were about 30μM, and those for NADP+ were about 70μM.
How trustworthy are bowel histories? Comparison of recalled and recorded information.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One hundred and fifty hospital outpatients were questioned about their bowel habits and then asked to record these in diary booklets for two weeks. Overall, recalled and recorded figures for frequency of defecation agreed fairly closely, but in 16% of patients there was a discrepancy of three or more bowel actions per week. This was usually an exaggeration of the difference from the norm of one a day. Patients were bad at predicting episodes of changed bowel frequency. These findings cast doubt on the value of population surveys of bowel habit based solely on questionnaires. They also suggest that the irritable bowel syndrome might be correctly diagnosed more often if patients were routinely asked to record their bowel actions.
<title>Generation dynamics of laser arrays with diffraction coupling</title>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The studies on transients in waveguide 1D and 2D laser arrays with the diffraction coupling in Talbot cavities are presented. The transient behavior essentially depends on the selectivity of an external cavity which are determinated by the number of lasers, dimensionality and filling configuration of arrays involved. Probabilities of the in- phase generation as a result of transient are calculated. The possibility of the in-phase generation forming during the transient is discussed.
Mixed Agonist/Antagonist Opioids in the Treatment of Pain

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mixed agonist/antagonist opioids have recently been gaining popularity among pain and palliative care providers due to their decreased likelihood of causing fatal adverse events, such as respiratory depression. However lack of comfort with dosing and administration severely reduces use. This class of opioids consists of buprenorphine, pentazocine, butorphanol, and nalbuphine and can offer significant pain relief, similar to that of full mu opioid receptor agonists, if used appropriately. Patient selection for these medications is particularly important, along with transitioning and timing of administration of the first dose. If given too soon after a full agonist, this may precipitate withdrawal and put the patient in even more discomfort than before. For this reason, understanding the fundamental pharmacology and pharmacokinetic properties of these agents is vital.
The special role of federal sponsorship in the design and conduct of drug or biological agent cancer treatment clinical trials.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

94 Background: Industry sponsors are incentivized to conduct trials supporting new drug applications to the FDA, focusing largely on single-agent drug trials. In contrast, federally sponsored trials examine a broader set of research questions. However, the quantitative role of federal sponsorship in drug treatment trials has not been described. These data are crucial for policymakers seeking to prioritize federally sponsored trials in a research landscape dominated by industry. Methods: We analyzed registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov between 2008-2022. U.S.-based trials that included drug or biological agents for the purpose of cancer treatment were included. Studies were categorized by lead sponsor (federal versus industry) and by study phase, intervention, de-escalation, rare cancer, and age. Odds ratios were calculated. Chi-square tests were used. Results: Overall, N=8,561 federal (n=1269, 14.8%) and industry (n=7292, 85.2%) sponsored studies were analyzed. Industry trials were more commonly phase III trials and single-agent drug trials (Table). In contrast, federally sponsored studies were more commonly early stage (Phase I or II) trials (90.5% vs 81.0%, OR=2.25, p<.001) and involved more complex multi-modality drug and biological agent combinations alone (22.7% vs 7.5%, OR=3.63, p<.001) or with radiation (9.5% vs 1.3%, OR=7.75, p<.001), surgery (2.5% vs. 0.2%, OR=15.69, p<.001) or other modality (10.8% vs. 2.2%, OR=5.36, p<.001). Federally sponsored trials were also more commonly dose de-escalation trials and trials conducted in rare cancers and in children. Conclusions: Early-phase, multi-modality, dose-deescalation, rare cancer, and child-focused drug and biological agent cancer clinical trials were more likely to be conducted by federally sponsored research groups. These findings highlight the unique role of federally funded studies in cancer clinical trials. Decreases in federal funding may hinder progress in cancer outcomes. Characteristics of federal- versus industry-sponsored cancer clinical trials. Federal Industry Odds ratio (Fed/Ind) P-value Study Characteristic Category N=1269 % N=7292 % Phase 1 or 2 1149 90.5 5905 81.0 2.25 <.001 3 115 9.1 1319 18.1 0.45 <.001 Intervention Single agent Biological (B) 86 6.8 630 8.6 0.77 .03 Single agent Drug (D) 590 46.5 5842 80.1 0.22 <.001 D & B 288 22.7 545 7.5 3.63 <.001 D/B & Radiation 120 9.5 97 1.3 7.75 <.001 D/B & Surgery 32 2.5 12 0.2 15.69 <.001 D/B, Surgery & Radiation 16 1.3 5 0.1 18.61 <.001 D/B and other modality 1 137 10.8 161 2.2 5.36 <.001 Dose de-escalation Yes 20 1.6 46
Waveguide Slot Filtering Antenna with Metamaterial Surface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Novel metamaterial waveguide slot antenna with filtering performance is presented. The antenna is composed of a rectangular waveguide, longitudinal slots cut in its upper broadwall and a metamaterial surface instead of the bottom broadwall. The antenna performs excellent filtering ability using the matematerial surface, in the specified interfering band. And two kinds of the surface are described in this work. One is in the form of metal bed of nails while the other is made up by periodic mushroom-type cell.
[Biochemical evidence for integration of prokaryotic DNA into mammalian cells (author's transl)].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Experiments were undertaken to test for the stable integration of defined prokaryotic genes in mammalian cells. Thus lambda dvgal 88 plasmid DNA were transferred together with the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (TK) gene as a selectable marker to TK- mouse cells. DNA restriction and hybridization analysis of TK+ mouse cell clone DNA revealed (i) the presence of prokaryotic lambda dvgal 88 sequences in the mouse DNA; (ii) the stable integration of the prokaryotic DNA in mouse cell DNA under selective conditions; and (iii) the presence of lambda dvgal fragments in several copies per cell and their integration at different loci within the cell DNA.
Determination of System Characteristics from Normal Operating Records

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Some new techniques are presented for experimentally determining the dynamical characteristics of linear systems. These techniques are based on analysis of random variations in the operating variables during the normal course of operation of the system. Particular attention is paid to the effects of uncorrelated variations (noise) on the methods. The use of the “delay-line synthesizer” as a device for discovering system characterizations is presented. Results obtained for the determination of a transfer operator for a human being engaged in tracking a target are presented as an example of the effectiveness of the random-data-analysis approach.
Change of Polymeric Tannin During Dry Red Grape Wine Aging in Oak Barrel

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The change of polymeric tannin in dry red grape wine (Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc) in homemade oak barrel during the aging process was studied by the methods of Folin-Denis , Gelatin index and HCl index. The results suggested that the gelatin index of Cabernet Sauvignon was higher than Cabernet Franc, however, the gelatin factors (gelatin index/the total tannin content) of both them were roughly the same. After three months of oak barrel-filling of fresh grape wine, the gelatin factor reached up to 20 %, then quickly dropped to 12 % before in- creasing again. The change of HCl index of Cabernet Sauvignon was more obvious than Cabernet Franc. After two months of oak barrel-filling of fresh grape wine, HCl index reached up to the maximum value and then declined consecutively and rose with the increase of gelatin index. HCl factors (HCl index/the total tannin content) of both the two wine products tended to constant. Cabernet Sauvignon was about 6.7 %. Cabernet Franc was about 11 %, presenting a slightly downward trend.
Reconstruction of the Supraglottis after Partial Laryngopharyngectomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

喉頭の声門上部を合併切除する梨状陥凹癌の下咽頭部分切除において誤嚥を防止する手術法を考案した。患側の喉頭蓋と披裂部を切除後，舌骨半部を胸骨舌骨筋が付着したまま甲状軟骨と喉頭蓋軟骨に固定し喉頭蓋を再建する。胸骨舌骨筋を健側の披裂部断端に縫合して披裂部の隆起を形成する。遊離前腕皮弁を用いて，再建した声門上部を被覆し，梨状陥凹を再建する。本手術を梨状陥凹癌T2N0例に行った。術後3週目に気切口を閉鎖し経口摂食を開始した。術後，音声は正常であった。呼吸機能も嚥下機能も良好で，呼吸困難や誤嚥は生じなかった。
Urinary diversion and systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of experimental early neoplastic lesions of the bladder.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We gave 102 male Fischer 344 rats (100 to 200 g) 0.2 per cent nitrofurylthiazolyl formamide (FANFT) diet for 14 weeks. Half of the animals underwent urinary diversion and half, sham operation. All animals resumed the FANFT diet. Half of each of the groups received four weekly i.p. injections of cyclophosphamide and the remainder received saline injections. The animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after diversion or sham operation. The incidences of tumor and tumor invasion were tabulated. Urinary diversion produced a greater effect in reducing progression of early neoplastic lesions to gross or microscopically invasive tumor than did systemic cyclophosphamide; however, an additive effect was noted when diversion and cyclophosphamide therapy were combined.
Microstructure, Texture and Mechanical Properties of Mg-2.0Zn-0.3Gd Alloy Sheets Fabricated by Large Strain Hot Rolling

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Mg-2Zn-0.3Gd sheets processed by large strain hot rolling with one pass of 80% reduction at 200°C and 250°C were selected to investigate the rolling temperature effect on the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of Mg-2Zn-0.3Gd sheets after rolling and subsequent annealing. It was found that the rolling temperatures in the present study seemed to have no obvious effect on the microstructure of Mg-2Zn-0.3Gd sheets during large strain hot rolling process. High density of shear bands and numerous intersected twins but free of DRX grains were observed in the microstructure of both sheets. The Mg-2Zn-0.3Gd sheets showed non-basal textures with peaks tilting to TD after annealing. While the peak intensity of (0002) pole figure increased as the rolling temperature decreasing. Tensile testing results revealed that the Mg-2Zn-0.3Gd sheets rolled at both temperature displayed high room temperature ductility about 40% after annealing, which is due to the existence of non-basal texture.
Flexural Vibrations of Cylindrically Aeolotropic Circular Plates

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Equations for the determination of the frequencies of flexural vibration and corresponding modal shapes for cylindrically aeolotropic circular plates are presented. A considerable analysis has been made of the case of symmetric vibrations, and results are tabulated. The theory is exemplified by an analysis of the vibration of a circular plate with circular stiffeners for which the effective elastic compliances had been determined in a previous investigation. Nodal patterns and corresponding frequencies were experimentally determined for the first five symmetric modes and the first four asymmetric modes of a simply supported stiffened plate. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental results for the first three symmetric modes is provided. Finally, some discussion given for the important problem of approximating plates with attached stiffeners by equivalent homogeneous uniformly thick aeolotropic plates.
Preclinical glioma models in neuro-oncology: enhancing translational research

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review Gliomas represent approximately 25% of all primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors and 81% of malignant tumors. Unfortunately, standard treatment approaches for most CNS cancers have shown limited improvement in patient survival rates. Recent findings The current drug development process has been plagued by high failure rates, leading to a shift towards human disease models in biomedical research. Unfortunately, suitable preclinical models for brain tumors have been lacking, hampering our understanding of tumor initiation processes and the discovery of effective treatments. In this review, we will explore the diverse preclinical models employed in neuro-oncology research and their contributions to translational science. Summary By utilizing a combination of these preclinical models and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations, researchers can deepen their understanding of glioma brain tumors and develop novel therapeutic strategies to combat these devastating diseases. These models offer promising prospects for personalized and efficacious treatments for these challenging malignancies. Although it is unrealistic to fully replicate the complexity of the human body in vitro, the ultimate goal should be to achieve the closest possible resemblance to the clinical context.
The making of British bioethics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Introduction 1. Ethics 'by and for professions': the origins and endurance of club regulation 2. Ian Ramsey, theology and 'trans-disciplinary' medical ethics 3. 'Who's for bioethics?' Ian Kennedy, oversight and accountability in the 1980s 4. 'Where to draw the line?' Mary Warnock, embryos and moral expertise 5. 'A service to the community as a whole': the emergence of bioethics in British universities 6. Consolidating the 'ethics industry': a national ethics committee and bioethics during the 1990s Conclusion Bibliography Index
Nonitoring of amitraz, bromopropylate, coumaphos, cymiazole in honey samples sold in 2011

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

많은 양봉업자들이 그들의 벌을 보호하기 위해 동물성의약품들을 사용한다. 우리나라에서 벌에 사용되는 동물성 의약품은 아미트라즈, 브로모프로필레이트, 쿠마포스, 시미아졸 등이다. 2006년 중반에 한국 정부에서는 아미트라즈와 쿠마포스의 최대잔류허용기준을 각각 0.2, 0.1 ppm으로 설정하였다. 해마다 양봉환경이 변하고 있으므로 꿀 속의 동물성 의약품들에 대한 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 2011년에 지역시장이나 인터넷을 통해 모은 10개 벌꿀 시료들에 대하여 아미트라즈, 브로모프로필레이트, 쿠마포스, 시미아졸 잔존량을 HPLC-DAD로 조사하였다. 조사한 10종의 벌꿀에서는 살충제로 사용되는 이들 성분이 25 ppb 이상으로는 검출되지 않았다. It was known that many beekeepers use some acaricides to protect their bees. Among the acaricides used in bees, amitraz, bromopropylate, coumaphos, and cymiazole were used commonly in Korea. In middle of 2006, Korean government set maximum residual limit (MRL) of amitraz and coumaphos as 0.2 ppm and 0.1 ppm, respectively. Because the environment of bee farm changes every year, it is needed to monitor acaricides in honey continuously. In this work, ten samples of honey collected from local markets and internet in 2011 were tested for determination of the amount of amitraz, bromopropylate, coumaphos and cymiazole by HPLC-DAD. Levels of the acaricide residues found were less than 25 ppb.