jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF TRADITIONAL AND WEB-BASED MEDICAL STUDENT TEACHING BY RADIOLOGY RESIDENTS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Literature has reported that a multi-center study was conducted of flipped classroom method which has rapid academic achievement with greater task value and more positive achievement emotions as compared with traditional didactic instructions. Radiopaedia.org has section named “Playlist Feature” with open access for the students and learners to study a curated mix of cases and reference material before a classroom session. An open-edit and free radiology source known as Radiopaedia.org was originated by some radiologists and other health professionals. After Google (a largest search engine), Radiopaedia.org has been reported the single largest source of information for radiology learners. Ultimately it is a natural choice of flipped classroom approach. Web-based learning tools are increasingly available for use and have been described in the pedagogical literature. For better understanding and before and after the classroom session review new program has been introduced to the students knows E-learning also called web based learning.
Hermitian Toeplitz determinants for the class ${\\mathcal{S}}$ of univalent functions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Introducing a new method, we give sharp estimates of the Hermitian Toeplitz determinants of third order for the class $\\mathcal{S}$ of functions univalent in the unit disc. The new approach is also illustrated on some subclasses of the class $\\mathcal{S}$.
Assessment of gain saturation in cascaded semiconductor optical amplifier for high-bit-rate wavelength-division-multiplexing signals over long transmission distance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the investigation of 10 channels at 80-Gb/s wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) transmission over 910-km single-mode fiber and dispersion compensating fiber using cascaded in-line semiconductor optical amplifiers at a span of 70 km for soliton return zero differential phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) modulation format is achieved. With the narrow channel spacing (i.e., 200 GHz), the results of quality is more than 15 dB the received signals after covering 910-km transmission distance without any power drop. The semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) structure parameters for in-line amplifier is optimized to obtain low cross talk in multichannel WDM systems at nil power penalty with sufficient gain. For the differential gain 200 atto cm2 and length 750 mm of SOA has minimum SOA-induced cross talk is observed. The impact of optical power received and the Q factor at different differential gain, carrier lifetime, and length has been illustrated. It is found that for a transmission distance of 700 km, with decrease the channel spacing, there is an increase in cross talk among channels, hence the signal quality continues to decrease. A clear eye diagram and a good optical spectrum are observed at a transmission distance of 910 km in a soliton RZ-DPSK system.
MLL2 mutation detection in 86 patients with Kabuki syndrome: a genotype–phenotype study

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recently, pathogenic variants in the MLL2 gene were identified as the most common cause of Kabuki (Niikawa–Kuroki) syndrome ( MIM #147920). To further elucidate the genotype–phenotype correlation, we studied a large cohort of 86 clinically defined patients with Kabuki syndrome (KS) for mutations in MLL2 . All patients were assessed using a standardized phenotype list and all were scored using a newly developed clinical score list for KS ( MLL2 ‐Kabuki score 0–10). Sequencing of the full coding region and intron–exon boundaries of MLL2 identified a total of 45 likely pathogenic mutations (52%): 31 nonsense, 10 missense and four splice‐site mutations, 34 of which were novel. In five additional patients, novel, i.e. non‐ dbSNP132 variants of clinically unknown relevance, were identified. Patients with likely pathogenic nonsense or missense MLL2 mutations were usually more severely affected (median ‘ MLL2 ‐Kabuki score’ of 6) as compared to the patients without MLL2 mutations (median ‘ MLL2 ‐Kabuki score’ of 5), a significant difference (p < 0.0014). Several typical facial features such as large dysplastic ears, arched eyebrows with sparse lateral third, blue sclerae, a flat nasal tip with a broad nasal root, and a thin upper and a full lower lip were observed more often in mutation positive patients.
Simple eddy viscosity relations for three-dimensional turbulent boundary layers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

forms the basis of an outer function which is comported with an inner function to describe turbulent boundary layers has now been extensively applied in many engineering research and design studies since it was first introduced (in Ref. 3, a composite function of inner and outer functions is formally described). The technique has limitations but at the same time is a simple basis for surprisingly good numerical predictions of turbulent boundary-layer behavior. Equation (1) was originally conceived by Clauser for two-dimensional boundary layers where u = u(x,y) and ue = u(xt \. For three-dimensional boundary layers, Eq. (1) has been extended by Cebecci et al. (where the reader will find other relevant references) to read
8 Emerging Multinationals

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

shortfall in the US banking system resulted in the collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world. The crisis is considered by many to be the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression of the 1930s. It has led to the failure of multinational companies and key businesses, decline in consumer wealth, and a significant drop in economic activity worldwide. As the crisis unfolded globally, its impact became pronounced for both developed and emerging economies. Consequently, the global downturn has impacted both Western multinational companies and ‘emerging multinationals’—multinational companies originating from emerging economies. Many multinationals have had to deal with falling demand and tightening access to loans. In the same fashion, the crisis has negatively impacted the internationalization plans of emerging multinationals lacking finances for further expansion. In spite of the negative effect of the crisis on emerging economies and emerging multinationals, it is often argued that the main drivers of global economic growth will be the emerging economies. The Economist’s, ‘The World in 2012’ predicts gross domestic product (GDP) growth of 3.5 per cent in Brazil, 3.7 per cent in Russia, 7.8 per cent in India, and 8.2 per cent in China. In contrast, GDP of the Eurozone countries is expected to contract by 0.3 per cent (The Economist, 2011). Likewise, the world might see an accelerated growth of emerging multinationals. Specifically in times of crisis, distressed assets from Western companies, or whole business units, became attractive targets for acquisition. Volvo’s acquisition by Chinese automaker Geely provides an illustrative example. In 2009, amidst the economic downturn,
A Threshold Effect? The Association Between Educational Attainment and Resting Pulse Rate

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Increased socioeconomic attainment is associated with better cardiovascular disease outcomes. The modifying effect of citizenship on this relationship is less studied. This analysis used cross—sectional data from the 2013—2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to consider the association between educational attainment and resting pulse rate using ordinary least squares regression. Resting pulse rate is a noninvasive measure of cardiovascular disease. Models control for age, gender, race/ethnicity, federal poverty level, health insurance, medication use, citizenship, and modification by citizenship. People with a 9th to 11th grade education (β = 2.05, p < .05), those who graduated high school/obtained a GED (β = 2.25, p < .05), or those with some college/associate’s degree (β = 2.69, p <.01) had higher resting pulse rate compared to people with less than a 9th grade education. People with a college degree and above were not significantly different from people with less than a 9th grade education. These effects disappeared with the inclusion of control variables. Additionally, the effect of educational attainment on resting pulse rate differed by citizenship status. Specifically, noncitizens with some college/associate’s degree had significantly lower resting pulse rates than all citizenship groups with a 9th to 11th grade education and U.S.—born citizens with a high school/GED education. The protective effect of educational attainment on resting pulse rate may differ by the type of education attained and citizenship status, specifically for noncitizens with some college education. Although these results might support a healthy immigrant hypothesis, the observed associations could be reflective of immigrant selection effects.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Sesame Development

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

【Objective】 To enrich sesame transcriptome data,the transcriptome sequencing and bioinforamtics analysis on sesame growth and development and seed formation processes were performed in this study.【Method】 Six transcriptome sequencing libraries for developing sesame plants and seeds were constructed and sequenced using Illumina RNA sequencing technique,and the global transcriptome information was analyzed subsequently.【Result】8.80 Gb available trancriptome data were acquired as the adaptor sequences,duplication sequences and low-quality reads were removed from the original 12.69 Gb solexa sequencing data.And 26 837 uni-transcripts,longer than 100 bp,were obtained by de novo assembly method(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/TSA.html,GenBank ID: JP631635-JP668414).The total scaffold sequence length reached 18.35 Mb with the 1 006 bp of N50,the average uni-transcript length was 683 bp.Annotation analysis of uni-transcripts indicated that 25 331 transcripts had homolog in public protein database;however,1 506 sequences were no hit and might be sesame-specific.With COG and GO functional classifications,all uni-transcripts were grouped into 24 and 42 function categories,respectively,in which many functional categories,such as material and energy metabolism,signaling,transcription regulation and defense reactions,etc.were included.Furthermore,compared with plant growth and development transcripts,1 277 sequences expressed more than 10-fold low in seed formation process,and the transcript level of 990 uni-trancripts could not be measured.In addition,660 sequences were found with more than 10-fold high expression level during seed development,in which 296 sequences seemed as seed-specific.【Conclusion】With the transcriptome sequencing of Sesamum radiatum and several cultivars of S.indicum L.,this study gave a global insight into the characteristics of sesame development transcriptome and thousands of transcript sequences with important function were acquired for future genes expression and regulation research about sesame growth and development.
Biofertilizers and their application in floriculture-a review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Various biofertilizers (Azotobacter, Azospirillum, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and AM fungi) show their suitability for application in different flower crops such as Rose, Tuberose, Carnation, Marigold, Aster, Jasmine etc. These not only help in improving the nutrient uptake by the plants, releasing of growth hormones and antibiotics but also improves the quality of produce along with reduced cost of production. It also substitutes chemical fertilizers application. To maximise the beneficial plant growth response it is to identify the best strains of microorganisms, verify their compatibility and combined efficiency before using them in crop production system as a potential candidates for sustainable systems of horticulture and floriculture.
Clinical Features, Outcomes, and Molecular Characteristics of Community- and Health Care-Associated Staphylococcus lugdunensis Infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a major cause of aggressive endocarditis, but it is also responsible for a broad spectrum of infections. The differences in clinical and molecular characteristics between community-associated (CA) and health care-associated (HA) S. lugdunensis infections have remained unclear. We performed a retrospective study of S. lugdunensis infections between 2003 and 2014 to compare the clinical and molecular characteristics of CA and HA isolates. We collected 129 S. lugdunensis isolates in total: 81 (62.8%) HA isolates and 48 (37.2%) CA isolates. HA infections were more frequent than CA infections in children (16.0% versus 4.2%, respectively; P = 0.041) and the elderly (38.3% versus 14.6%, respectively; P = 0.004). The CA isolates were more likely to cause skin and soft tissue infections (85.4% versus 19.8%, respectively; P < 0.001). HA isolates were more frequently responsible for bacteremia of unknown origin (34.6% versus 4.2%, respectively; P < 0.001) and for catheter-related bacteremia (12.3% versus 0%, respectively; P = 0.011) than CA isolates. Fourteen-day mortality was higher for HA infections than for CA infections (11.1% versus 0%, respectively). A higher proportion of the HA isolates than of the CA isolates were resistant to penicillin (76.5% versus 52.1%, respectively; P = 0.004) and oxacillin (32.1% versus 2.1%, respectively; P < 0.001). Two major clonal complexes (CC1 and CC3) were identified. Sequence type 41 (ST41) was the most common sequence type identified (29.5%). The proportion of ST38 isolates was higher for HA than for CA infections (33.3% versus 12.5%, respectively; P = 0.009). These isolates were of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCC mec )type IV, V, or Vt. HA and CA S. lugdunensis infections differ in terms of their clinical features, outcome, antibiotic susceptibilities, and molecular characteristics.
Fully Dynamic $k$-Clustering with Fast Update Time and Small Recourse

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the dynamic metric $k$-median problem, we wish to maintain a set of $k$ centers $S \subseteq V$ in an input metric space $(V, d)$ that gets updated via point insertions/deletions, so as to minimize the objective $\sum_{x \in V} \min_{y \in S} d(x, y)$. The quality of a dynamic algorithm is measured in terms of its approximation ratio, "recourse" (the number of changes in $S$ per update) and "update time" (the time it takes to handle an update). The ultimate goal in this line of research is to obtain a dynamic $O(1)$ approximation algorithm with $\tilde{O}(1)$ recourse and $\tilde{O}(k)$ update time. Dynamic $k$-median is a canonical example of a class of problems known as dynamic $k$-clustering, that has received significant attention in recent years. To the best of our knowledge, however, previous papers either attempt to minimize the algorithm's recourse while ignoring its update time, or minimize the algorithm's update time while ignoring its recourse. For dynamic $k$-median, we come arbitrarily close to resolving the main open question on this topic, with the following results. (I) We develop a new framework of randomized local search that is suitable for adaptation in a dynamic setting. For every $ε> 0$, this gives us a dynamic $k$-median algorithm with $O(1/ε)$ approximation ratio, $\tilde{O}(k^ε)$ recourse and $\tilde{O}(k^{1+ε})$ update time. This framework also generalizes to dynamic $k$-clustering with $\ell^p$-norm objectives, giving similar bounds for the dynamic $k$-means and a new trade-off for dynamic $k$-center. (II) If it suffices to maintain only an estimate of the value of the optimal $k$-median objective, then we obtain a $O(1)$ approximation algorithm with $\tilde{O}(k)$ update time. We achieve this result via adapting the Lagrangian Relaxation framework to the dynamic setting.
Sodium-ion migration in secondary battery cathode material Na<sub>4</sub>Co<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>: A first-principles molecular dynamics study

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Sodium-ion batteries promise to be a low-cost, environmentally-friendly alternative to lithium-ion batteries, as the latter present a number of problems in terms of safety, cost, and limited mineral resources that need to be overcome for batteries to be used widely in vehicles and stationary energy storage systems. Newly developed cathode material Na4Co3(PO4)2P2O7 is attracting attention for use in sodium-ion secondary batteries because of its high rate capability, high capacity, and high voltage compared to other candidate materials. We performed first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of the system NaxCo3(PO4)2P2O7 for 0 < x < 4 using the GGA+U formalism of density functional theory, examining in detail the Na-ion migration mechanism and other atomic-level features. Local electronic and crystal structure changes during Na removal and insertion confirm that Na ions migrate via a 3D conduction pathway with low activation barriers of 0.10–0.17 eV within the orthorhombic lattice. Na ions spend most of their time migrating in the 2D main channels, occasionally traversing the short distance between channels in the a direction. These low values help explain why this material is able to support high charge/discharge rates, making it a promising cathode material for Na-ion battery systems.
Analysis on the Relation between the Species Richness of Crown Spider Community and the Plants Number Investigated in Citrus Orchard

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article deals with the relation between the species richness of crown spider community and the plants number investigated in citrus orchard. The result shows that they have such a formula as;s = 2. 280q0.787,by X2-test,there is a better goodness-of-fit between the theoretic value and real value. According to statistical method of Archibald,the leastplants number investigated is 9.
An autopsied case of angiosarcoma of the scalp

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An 83-year-old man noted rapidly progressing nodes with recurrent bleeding on the scalp for 2 months. He had no history of head injury, although he had renal failure, hypertension and gallstones. The patient first visited the department of surgery in a neighboring hospital, and a biopsy of the node disclosed the findings of angiosarcoma. The patient was referred to our department for the treatment with IL-2 and electron beam. Examination on admission revealed palm-sized, welldemarcated darkly-reddish plaque on the left parietal and occipital scalp. Several thumb-head sized dome-shaped nodes were coalesced on the center of the plaque. Local injection of IL-2 was started and then electron beam therapy (totally 50 Gy) was added. Pulmonary metastases were found on 75th day of hospitalization, and the patient died of respiratory failure one month later. Post-mortem examination revealed multiple metastases of the both lungs, the liver, the diaphragm and the cervical lymph nodes. Tumor cells were also found in the pleural fluid.We clinically and pathologically compared the same site on admission and on post-mortem examination. Plaque lesions on admission underwent nodular lesions on autopsy. Histologically, the density of tumor cells was increased whereas the formation of vascular lumina was obscure in the specimens of the autopsy. The densities of p53 and MIB-1 positive cells were greater in the specimens of the autopsy than those on admission. [Skin Cancer (Japan) 2003; 18: 208-213]
Suburban Rail in Poland: Decline at the Dawn of Suburbanization?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A great deal of development of outer-suburban zones was based on steam or electric narrow-gauge light railways. Contrary to main-line practice, these railways were dedicated to suburban traffic with their more frequent services. The number of trains was far from high by modern regional-railway standards: the Kolej Jablonowska had just three return services daily upon opening. A few years later, however, this number had increased to 13. The trains were allowed to travel at 21 km/h outside built-up areas since the rights-of-way were arranged mostly on reserved strips along the roads, with many level crossings. In the early 20th century the only form of frequent suburban service provided by main-line railways were those to the summer resorts. In the Galician capital of Lemberg the small forest suburb of Brzuchowice was served in 1914 by 11 dedicated trains on summer holidays; by comparison in Lemberg and Cracow daily services on any main or branch line numbered only about five.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Synthesis of Enantio‐, Regio‐, and Diastereomers of Amino‐4‐pentenediols from 1,4‐Pentadien‐3‐ol via Epoxy‐4‐pentenols. Part 1. erythro‐1‐Amino‐4‐pentene‐2,3‐diols.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Microbial Biofilm and Quorum Sensing Inhibition: Endowment of Medicinal Plants to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Continued emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria behooved the development of alternative treatment strategies, including antimicrobial drugs. A hopeful approach is to target cellto- cell communications, commonly known as quorum-sensing (QS) and microbial biofilm formation. Quorum Sensing is a method used on bacteria to determine their physiological behavior and coordinate gene expression based on the cell to cell signaling. Many physiological functions of bacteria are controlled by quorum sensings such as virulence, motility, sporulation, luminescence, and biofilm formation. Microbial biofilms are organized aggregations of cells attached to a substratum and surrounded by a self-produced extrapolymeric substance (EPS) matrix. Currently, biofilm formation and quorum sensing are considered as a prospective novel target for antimicrobial therapy to control multidrug- resistant infections. Plant-based natural products have been comprehensively studied in this context. In this review, a comprehensive overview of various research papers published in the last decade on plant-derived molecules that are capable of inhibiting quorum sensing or microbial biofilm formation is reviewed, mentioning the biosynthetic classes of active compounds and their biological activity in the performed assays.
Implementing the High Level Architecture in the Virtual Test Bed

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The virtual test bed (VTB) is a prototype of a virtual engineering environment to study operations of current and future space vehicles, spaceports, and ranges. The high-level architecture (HLA) as defined by the Department of Defense (DoD), is the main environment. The VTB/HLA implementation described here represents different systems that interact in the simulation of a space shuttle liftoff. This example implementation displays the collaboration of a simplified version of the space shuttle simulation model and a simulation of the launch scrub evaluation model. Spaceports and ranges are complex systems. This VTB framework is a collaborative computing environment that integrates in a seamless fashion simulation models that represent the different stages in the lifecycle of a complex system. A complex system is a non-linear system of systems whose interactions bring together interesting emergent properties that are very difficult to visualize and/or study by using the traditional approach of decomposition.