jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Increased Prevalence of Antibodies to Hepatitis E Virus in Patients with Neurocysticercosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT. We explored the association between serological status for hepatitis E and neurocysticercosis (NCC) in neurologic patients attending a national neurological referral center in Lima, Perú, between the years 2008 and 2012. Anti-hepatitis E antibodies were evaluated in patients with and without NCC, and a control group of rural general population. Anti-hepatitis E IgG was found in 23.8% of patients with NCC, compared with 14.3% in subjects without NCC from a general rural population ( P = 0.023) and 14.4% in subjects with neurological complaints without NCC ( P = 0.027). Seropositive patients had a median age of 44 years compared with 30 years in seronegative patients ( P <0.001). No significant differences in sex, region of residence, or liver enzyme values were found. Seropositivity to hepatitis E was frequent in this Peruvian population and higher in patients with NCC, suggesting shared common routes of infection.
Lise Öğrencilerinin Biyoloji Derslerinde Edindikleri Bilgileri Günlük Hayatla İlişkilendirebilme Düzeyleri

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Okullarda öğrenilen bilimsel bilgilerin, günlük yaşamla ilişkilendirildiği sürece kalıcı olacağı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma lise öğrencilerinin biyoloji derslerinde kazandıkları düşünülen bilgileri günlük yaşamla ilişkilendirebilme düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve başarı seviyesi yönünden okullar arası farklılıklar olup olmadığının tespit edilmesi amacı ile yürütülmüştür.
Chlorthalidone for Hypertension in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and poorly controlled hypertension, chlorthalidone therapy improved blood-pressure control at 12 weeks as compared with placebo. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Indiana Institute of Medical Research; CLICK ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02841280.).
P7 Are we screening survivors of pulmonary embolism (PE) for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Background</st> Incidence of CTEPH following idiopathic PE has been reported as 4%. The British Thoracic Society recommends that patients with massive or submassive PE should undergo echocardiography 6–12&emsp14;weeks&emsp14;following the index event. </sec> <sec><st>Aim</st> To investigate local practice in the follow-up of patients with acute PE to devise management guidelines. </sec> <sec><st>Methods</st> A retrospective study of 110 patients diagnosed with acute PE at our hospital between 2007 and 2008 was conducted. Mean age was 68.6&emsp14;years&emsp14;(range 27–100), 40 (36%) were male and 18 (16%) had previous venous thromboembolism. In 51 (46%) patients PE was idiopathic. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> All patients diagnosed with PE were normotensive and 27 (25%) had in-patient echocardiography (ECHO). In 5 (18%) patients scan confirmed RV dilatation and 2 of them had repeated ECHO within 2&emsp14;months. Subsequently one patient was diagnosed with CTEPH and underwent pulmonary endarterectomy. In the group of patients with acute PE but without in-patient echocardiography 40 of 83 (48%) received a follow-up appointment (mean 4&emsp14;months) and 10 (25%) had follow-up ECHO. Two more patients were diagnosed with CTEPH during this period (mean 34&emsp14;months) with an overall incidence of 2.9%. </sec> <sec><st>Conclusion</st> Recorded outcome, literature review and the BTS/ERS guidelines resulted in the development of local protocol for the screening acute PE survivors for CTEPH. [<cross-ref type="fig" refid="fig1">Abstract P7 figure 1</cross-ref>]. <fig loc="float" id="fig1"><no>Abstract P7 Figure 1</no> <link locator="thoraxjnl-2011-201054c.7fig1"></fig> </sec>
Enhanced Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction via Electronic Structure Regulation: Activating PtRh with Rare Earth Tm Alloying

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Developing high‐performance electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for producing green hydrogen, yet it remains challenging due to the sluggish kinetics in alkaline environments. Pt is located near the peak of HER volcano plot, owing to its exceptional performance in hydrogen adsorption and desorption, and Rh plays an important role in H 2 O dissociation. Lanthanides (Ln) are commonly used to modulate the electronic structure of materials and further influence the adsorption/desorption of reactants, intermediates, and products, and noble metal‐Ln alloys are recognized as effective platforms where Ln elements regulate the catalytic properties of noble metals. Here Pt 1.5 Rh 1.5 Tm alloy is synthesized using the sodium vapor reduction method. This alloy demonstrates superior catalytic activity, being 4.4 and 6.6 times more effective than Pt/C and Rh/C, respectively. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the upshift of d‐band center and the charge transfer induced by alloying promote adsorption and dissociation of H 2 O, making Pt 1.5 Rh 1.5 Tm alloy more favorable for the alkaline HER reaction, both kinetically and thermodynamically.
A Characterization of the Linear P−O−P Bonds in M4+(P2O7) Compounds:  Bond-Angle Determination by Solid-State NMR

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Many compounds of the type M4+(P2O7) contain, in their room-temperature structure, both linear and bent pyrophosphate groups. The commonly found packing motif is usually described as a 3 × 3 × 3 cubic superstructure (Pa3̄ with Z = 108) where 11% of the P−O−P angles are predicted by diffraction methods to be in the unusual linear configuration. Using a novel variant of two-dimensional (2D) exchange NMR spectroscopy, we have measured, in a the cubic room-temperature structure of SiP2O7, the angle between the 31P chemical-shift-anisotropy (CSA) tensors in covalently bonded P−O−P unit. The selectivity to covalently bonded pairs is achieved by using the scalar coupling interaction as the driving force for polarization exchange during the mixing time of a two-dimensional exchange experiment. The NMR data show that the "linear" pyrophosphate groups in SiP2O7 are in fact linear on the NMR time scale (∼100 μs). A static disorder of "normal" bent units, postulated previously, is clearly excluded.
Prenatal Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Targeted Maternal Pregnancy Metabolomic Profiles in the NYU CHES Cohort

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Prior research links prenatal exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides to adverse health outcomes via molecular mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, neurotransmitter disruption, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study investigates such mechanisms by assessing the relationships between prenatal OP pesticide exposure and targeted urinary maternal metabolomic profiles using data from the New York University Children's Health and Environment Study (NYU CHES) cohort (n = 890). Urine samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy (T1, T2, T3) and analyzed for six dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites and a targeted set of 188 metabolites related to key biological functions. Associations between DAP concentrations and individual metabolites were estimated using linear and logistic regression models, with adjustment for potential confounders. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between OP exposure and the studied maternal metabolomic profile, with the most associations observed during late pregnancy (T3). The most robust associations across all models and time points were observed for acylcarnitine profiles, which were consistently altered in association with OP exposure. This study identifies specific metabolic signatures associated with OP pesticide exposure during pregnancy, providing insights into potential mechanisms of toxicity and implications for maternal and child health. Additional research is needed to validate these findings and further understand the functional significance of the identified metabolic disturbances.
A rolling stone gathers no moss: the effect of customers' perceived business model innovativeness on customer value co‐creation behavior and customer satisfaction in the service sector

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Both researchers and practitioners have been focusing extensively on business model innovation, as it has shown to positively influence business performance. Although the effect of business model innovativeness on customer behavior might be an important mediator between business model innovation and business performance, it has not yet been analyzed. In line with recent calls to consider the customer side in business model innovation research, our paper addresses this problem by studying the influence of customers' perceived business model innovativeness (CPBMI) on customer satisfaction and customer value co‐creation behavior in the service sector. We, therefore, emphasize customers' perceptions and reactions to business model changes. Relying on data from a large‐scale survey of restaurant customers, we find that perceived value creation innovativeness and value proposition innovativeness positively affect customer satisfaction and customer value co‐creation behavior. In addition, we identify a significant indirect effect of CPBMI on customer satisfaction via customer value co‐creation behavior. Our findings allow deriving concrete implications for both researchers and practitioners.
Using an online Learning Management System to personalise learning for primary students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reports on one aspect of a descriptive multiple-case study which set out to explore the role of a Learning Management System (LMS) in personalising learning for students from the perspective of three primary school teachers. The intention was to provide insight into the role an LMS could play in classrooms when personalising learning. The research project involved gathering multiple sources of data from interviews, observations and documentary information from the LMS. The findings suggest that an LMS has the potential to be a key part of a primary classroom environment which is built on the components of personalising learning. For the teachers in this project, one salient component of personalising learning involved ensuring learning was built around assessment for learning pedagogy and the use of the LMS as a tool to support learning. The findings highlighted the interconnected nature of personalising learning pedagogy, the LMS and classroom practice.
An Examination of The Relationship Between A Redesigned School Leadership Preparation Program and Graduates’ Cultural Competence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Culturally competent leaders positively affect school environments which in turn fosters equitable learning. Educational leadership preparation programs bear the responsibility of preparing culturally competent school leaders. Few programs assess their graduate students' cultural competence and its development. Using the Cultural Competence for Educational Leaders (CCEL) instrument, this convergent triangulation mixed methods study examines change in cultural beliefs and motivation, cultural knowledge, cultural skills and the overall cultural competence of students after going through a redesigned combined Master's Degree and educational leadership certification program. Qualitative data were gathered through focus group interviews, an open-ended survey question, and program document analysis. Findings show statistically significant increases in graduates' cultural knowledge, beliefs and motivations, and skills. Changes were perceived to be influenced by the cohort model, culturally diverse and social-justice oriented adjunct-instructors, a required "Leadership for Social-Justice" course, and social-justice embedded throughout the program as a cross-curricular theme.
Effect of teriparatide use on bone mineral density and spinal fusion: a narrative review of animal models

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of the study: Teriparatide (Human recombinant Parathyroid Hormone 1-34) is an anabolic agent that is frequently used in patients with osteoporosis and has been extensively investigated with animal model and clinical studies in current literature. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of teriparatide on bone mineral density and fusion. Materials and methods: The findings from preclinical studies that have investigated the role of teriparatide in animal models are summarized in presented review. Results: Overall, the studies show an improvement in bone mineral density and increased fusion rates for osteoporotic animals undergoing spine fusion with teriparatide use. Conclusion: Further studies should be conducted for unanswered questions, such as teriparatide use before surgery, the effect on cervical fusion and surgery related complications.
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence: A Web-Based Implant Failure and Peri-implantitis Prediction Model for Clinicians

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study demonstrated the ability of machine learning models to assess demographics, medical history, and surgical plans, as well as the influence of these factors on dental implant failure and peri-implantitis. This model may serve as a resource for clinicians in the treatment of dental implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2023;38:576-582. doi: 10.11607/jomi.9852.
Kentsel ve bölgesel kalkınmada girişim sermayesinin rolü: Ostim örneği

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Venture capital (VC) has been accepted to play an important role in encouraging of entrepreneurship, maintaining technological improvement and, urban and regional development in the country besides providing financial support for small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) with high growth potential. This thesis analyzes the reasons of the limited venture capital investments in Turkey and the measures that should be taken in order to increase both the effectiveness of VC in maintaining urban and regional development and VC investments to SMEs. Furthermore, VC is emphasized to be an important model that can be efficient in solving the financing, management and technical problems of SMEs with high growth potential. In order to analyze the problems, a field research was conducted. Research consists of two parts. In the first part, the questionnaire was conducted with 100 SMEs in Ankara that are active in OSTIM so as to reveal the general characteristics of SMEs and the funds they use to solve their financial problems in start-up and expansion stages. SMEs are generally family run firms that have limited capital and whose owner is also the manager in the firm. Equity capital is the most important source that is used in the start-up and expansion stages by the firms. The rate of usage of subsidies like investment and export incentives and technology development support, credit guarantee fund and venture capital by these firms is low. Lack of knowledge, insufficiency of qualified staff and bureaucratic barriers are the most significant reasons of this situation. In the second part, interviews with venture capitalists or managers of 3 important VC firms that are active in Turkey come up. These interviews aimed to reveal the goal of VC firms, evaluation process of the applications and VC firms̕ expectations from SMEs. VC firms face difficulties with the projects with no growth
Sexual Reproduction: The Basis of Diversity and Taxonomy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The mysterious world of fungi is once again unearthed in this expansive second edition. This textbook provides readers with an all-embracing view of the kingdom fungi, ranging in scope from ecology and evolution, diversity and taxonomy, cell biology and biochemistry, to genetics and genomics, biotechnology and bioinformatics. Adopting a unique systems biology approach - and using explanatory figures and colour illustrations - the authors emphasise the diverse interactions between fungi and other organisms. They outline how recent advances in molecular techniques and computational biology have fundamentally changed our understanding of fungal biology, and have updated chapters and references throughout the book in light of this. This is a fascinating and accessible guide, which will appeal to a broad readership - from aspiring mycologists at undergraduate and graduate level to those studying related disciplines. Online resources are hosted on a complementary website.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Patients with Slowly Proliferative Early Breast Cancer Have Low Five-Year Recurrence Rates in a Phase III Adjuvant Trial of Capecitabine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Figure S2: Distribution of central Ki-67 scores in (A) ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer (n=824) and (B) TNBC (n=454)</p>
Assembly and catalytic properties of retrovirus integrase-DNA complexes capable of efficiently performing concerted integration

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The in vitro assembly process for forming nucleoprotein complexes containing linear retrovirus-like DNA and integrase (IN) was investigated. Solution conditions that allowed avian myeloblastosis virus IN to efficiently pair two separate linear DNA fragments (each 487 bp in length) containing 3' OH recessed long terminal repeat termini were established. Pairing of the viral termini by IN during preincubation on ice permitted these nucleoprotein complexes to catalyze the concerted insertion of the two termini into a circular DNA target (full-site reaction), mimicking the in vivo reaction. The three major solution determinants were high concentrations of NaCl (0.33 M), 1,4-dioxane, and polyethylene glycol. The aprotic solvent dioxane (15%) was significantly better (sixfold) than 15% dimethyl sulfoxide for forming complexes capable of full-site rather than half-site integration events. Half-site reactions by IN involved the insertion of a single donor terminus into circular pGEM. Although NaCl was essential for the efficient promotion of the concerted integration reaction, dioxane was necessary to prevent half-site reactions from occurring at high NaCl concentrations. Under optimal solution conditions, the concerted integration reaction was directly proportional to a sixfold range of IN. The complexes appeared not to turn over, and few half-site donor-donor molecules were produced. In the presence of 0.15 or 0.35 M NaCl, dioxane prevented efficient 3' OH trimming of a blunt-ended donor by IN, suggesting that the complexes formed by IN with blunt-ended donors were different from those formed with donors containing 3' OH recessed termini for strand transfer. The results suggest that IN alone was capable of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions that efficiently promote the in vitro concerted integration reaction.
The City as a Cultural and Historical Phenomen in the Works of O. Spengler and N. Antsiferov

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article deals the problem of the city as a cultural phenomenon of the twentieth century. In particular, it explores the concept of the German philosopher Oswald Spengler, who in his book «The Decline of Europe», formulated the theory of local cultures, he laid the foundations for a new understanding of the city as a socio-cultural organism, introduced the concept of «the soul of culture», «soul of the city», reflected in innovation research of the Russian historian and ethnographer N. P. Antsiferov.
Study of the conditions for multi‐modal chromatographic capture of Fab′ from dual‐salt precipitated E. coli homogenate

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND: In the commercial‐scale purification of immunotherapeutics, Protein A chromatography is employed routinely for its high binding capacity and selectivity. Nevertheless, matrix cost and ligand leaching issues remain and there are many alternatives such as ion‐exchange and multi‐modal resins that are less expensive. However, binding capacities are lower than Protein A owing to the co‐adsorption of protein impurities. One solution involves removing impurities before chromatography by precipitation and a potential approach presented in the literature recently employs a dual‐salt precipitation technique. The current study explores the impact of this upon the capture of an antibody fragment by a multimodal cation exchange resin. RESULTS: The dual salt precipitation procedure employed here removed 36% of the contaminant proteins. A microscale chromatography pipette tip approach was used in a high throughput screening format to scout rapidly for favourable binding conditions successfully. Higher binding capacities were achieved by activating the hydrophobic binding modality of the resin at feed ionic strengths of around 150 mS cm −1 using ammonium sulphate. This was better than using the ion‐exchange modality at below 10 mS cm −1 . CONCLUSIONS: Dual salt precipitation followed by chromatographic capture using this resin were found to be complementary to one another since the removal of protein impurities by dual salt precipitation resulted in a two‐fold improvement in terms of binding capacity. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Does Lower‐Stratospheric Shear Influence the Mesoscale Organization of Convection?

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Organized mesoscale convection is important for many atmospheric phenomena and hazards, however the understanding of its governing mechanisms is incomplete. Theories explaining mesoscale organization rely on the interaction between convection outflows and lower‐tropospheric wind shear. Here a new mechanism is presented, where lower‐stratospheric wind shear is shown to influence mesoscale organization. The mechanism is linked to coupling between convection and gravity waves, with the stratosphere playing a role in shaping the tropospheric wave spectrum. The key result is that lower‐stratospheric shear creates a preference for organized systems propagating in the same direction as the shear vector by weakening the systems propagating in the opposite direction to the shear. This result has important implications for stratosphere‐troposphere interactions, numerical modeling, and understanding of convective organization in general.
Jonathan Taft: Dentistry’s Great Forgotten Hero

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

One of the greatest figures in the development of the dental profession to the high status it enjoys today is all but forgotten. Jonathan Taft was dean of the second dental school in the world and wrote the most important clinical textbook of his time, one that was reprinted in many editions over a quarter of a century. Later appointed dean of the new University of Michigan Dental School, he instituted innovations in admission requirements and course of study that were copied by all subsequent schools and are the standards adhered to today. The editor of one of the most important dental journals for 44 years, a record unmatched to this day, he set the standards for modern dental periodical literature that have done so much to elevate dentistry that today it stands on a par with medicine as a truly science-based profession. He served dentistry in many capacities: president of the American Dental Association, founder of the National Association of Dental Faculties, and founder of the National Association of Dental Examiners. Over his lifetime, he published almost 200 professional papers and probably attended and lectured at more dental meetings than anyone of his day and since. His memory should be resurrected, and the profession must be made aware of the great debt it owes to this intrepid fighter for a better dental profession.