jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Use of the Perceived Stress Scale in Russian Adolescents: Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study involved a psychometric analysis of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). To investigate the Russian version of the PSS-10 for adolescents, 3530 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years were recruited. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the data corresponded to the expected two-factor configuration. Psychometric properties and factor structure were evaluated. As expected, the PSS-10 included two factors: perceived helplessness and perceived self-efficacy. Internal consistency demonstrated acceptable values (Cronbach’s alpha was 0.82 for perceived distress, 0.77 for perceived self-efficacy, and 0.80 for the overall PSS score). Measurement invariance across sexes was assessed, and configural and metric invariance were confirmed. The developed diagnostic tool can be used both in the school system to alleviate the negative consequences of academic stress in adolescents and, in the future, in other areas, particularly in clinical practice.
Analysis of Vocal Fold Vibration by X‐Ray Stroboscopy With Multiple Markers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To derive a more precise description of vocal fold vibration, experimental phonation of excised canine larynxes was studied. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Multiple X‐ray‐positive markers were inserted, and their vibratory movement was observed with x‐ray stroboscopy with change of pitch and intensity. A histologic study was also carried out. RESULT Regular waves were observed just above the lowest point of the lamina propria of the mucous membrane, which shifted upward at high pitch, but downward in high intensity. CONCLUSIONS The starting point of the mucosal wave was confirmed on the lower surface of the vocal fold, histologically just above the lowest point of the lamina propria of the mucous membrane and shifted upward at high pitch, but downward in high intensity. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study investigating the starting point of mucosal wave in vocal fold vibration in a frontal plane using x‐ray stroboscopy, providing the evidence for the body‐cover theory.
Women in the Mycenaean economy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is a truism that in many societies throughout history women have little visibility and little
power. They motivate men but they do not act alongside them; they are property, not property holders; they can be found at home, not out in the world. Only the exceptions make an
indelible mark in the historical record. Mycenaean society was as patriarchal as any, but
women are not quite invisible. Our best source of evidence for their economic status is the
Linear B tablets from various palatial centers. These provide valuable information about
the status, occupations, and property holdings of certain groups and individuals, but they do
not necessarily describe a representative cross-section of society, let alone female society.
They are palatial records, and focus on those with whom the palatial administrators engaged
in transactions of various kinds. Thus they are principally concerned with certain types of
people: elite officials, menial work groups, individual craftsmen and craftswomen involved
in palatial production, and holders of land or other property allocated by the center. This
list excludes the silent majority of ordinary people who made up Mycenaean society, and
who lived and died without provoking comment in the archival record. The population of
the Mycenaean state of Pylos, for example, is estimated to have been about 50,000 people
(Whitelaw 2001: 63-64), but only 4,100 are referred to in the tablets (Nakassis 2013: 16) and
of these just 900 are women (Olsen 2014: 236). The Knossos and Pylos archives combined
make reference to 5,000 men and 2,000 women (Olsen 2014: 49, 61); data from other sites
do not change this proportion. Within these limitations, though, we can draw some useful
conclusions about the women who do figure in the archives of Knossos, Pylos, and to a lesser
extent Mycenae and Thebes.
Sarcoidosis and occupational hazards: a systematic review of research in the countries of the former Soviet Union

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ЦЕЛЬ ОБЗОРА

Обобщить результаты исследований о роли вредных факторов производственной среды в развитии саркоидоза, опубликованные на русском и английском языках в Российской Федерации, Белоруссии, Украине, Казахстане, Киргизии, Таджикистане, Узбекистане, Туркменистане, Грузии, Азербайджане, Армении, Молдавии, Латвии, Литве и Эстонии.

МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ

Следуя протоколу PRISMA, мы провели поиск в базах данных www.eLIBRARY.ru, IBIS, PubMed и бумажном каталоге Белорусской государственной библиотеки описаний всех доступных исследований, выполненных в 15 странах, с момента первой публикации в 1936 г. и до января 2021 г., в которых изучена связь вредных факторов производственной среды с развитием саркоидоза. Качество отдельных исследований оценивали с помощью контрольного списка методологии ARHQ.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

Только четыре исследования, опубликованные в период с 1996 по 2018 г. в России и Белоруссии, все на русском языке, соответствовали критериям включения и включены в анализ. В этих исследованиях с поперечным (75%) и когортным дизайном выявлена распространенность профессиональных рисков у пациентов с саркоидозом от 8 до 61%. Качество включенных исследований очень низкое с высоким риском систематической ошибки отбора, ошибки классификации воздействия и верификации заболевания, а также участия вмешивающихся факторов.

ВЫВОДЫ

В странах бывшего Советского Союза исследования роли воздействия вредных факторов производственной среды в развитии саркоидоза либо не проводились, либо им уделялось очень мало внимания. Доказательства роли указанных факторов в развитии саркоидоза, собранные до сих пор, характеризуются низким качеством, что служит основанием для планирования более качественных исследований.
Consumer product preference prediction towards online shopping

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Nowadays E-commerce plays a major role in a business organization. People prefer online shopping rather than offline shopping which helps them to purchase their product from anywhere around the world through mobile phones and laptop. Online shopping websites help people by saving time and product order can be done easily by clicking the product. Online shopping websites are built using the Single Page Application (SPA) framework and the objective of this research is to find the customer preference product prediction by tracking the frequent clicks of the product by the customer. By tracking the clicks of customer we can find their product choice and helps retailer to add the products according to user preference.
Data Integration of Hybrid Microarray and Single Cell Expression Data to Enhance Gene Network Inference

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Background: Gene Regulatory Network (GRN) inference algorithms aim to explore casual interactions between genes and transcriptional factors. High-throughput transcriptomics data including DNA microarray and single cell expression data contain complementary information in network inference. Objective: To enhance GRN inference, data integration across various types of expression data becomes an economic and efficient solution. Method: In this paper, a novel E-alpha integration rule-based ensemble inference algorithm is proposed to merge complementary information from microarray and single cell expression data. This paper implements a Gradient Boosting Tree (GBT) inference algorithm to compute importance scores for candidate gene-gene pairs. The proposed E-alpha rule quantitatively evaluates the credibility levels of each information source and determines the final ranked list. Results: Two groups of in silico gene networks are applied to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed E-alpha integration. Experimental outcomes with size50 and size100 in silico gene networks suggest that the proposed E-alpha rule significantly improves performance metrics compared with single information source. Conclusion: In GRN inference, the integration of hybrid expression data using E-alpha rule provides a feasible and efficient way to enhance performance metrics than solely increasing sample sizes.
The supernova remnant SN 1006 as a Galactic particle accelerator

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The origin of cosmic rays is a pivotal open issue of high-energy astrophysics. Supernova remnants are strong candidates to be the Galactic factory of cosmic rays, their blast waves being powerful particle accelerators. However, supernova remnants can power the observed flux of cosmic rays only if they transfer a significant fraction of their kinetic energy to the accelerated particles, but conclusive evidence for such efficient acceleration is still lacking. In this scenario, the shock energy channeled to cosmic rays should induce a higher post-shock density than that predicted by standard shock conditions. Here we show this effect, and probe its dependence on the orientation of the ambient magnetic field, by analyzing deep X-ray observations of the Galactic remnant of SN 1006. By comparing our results with state-of-the-art models, we conclude that SN 1006 is an efficient source of cosmic rays and obtain an observational support for the quasi-parallel acceleration mechanism.
Seasonal Patterns of Stress, Disease, and Sickness Responses

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The combined challenge of low food availability and low temperatures can make winter difficult for survival, and nearly impossible for breeding. Traditionally, studies of seasonality have focused on reproductive adaptations and largely ignored adaptations associated with survival. We propose shifting the focus from reproduction to immune function, a proxy for survival, and hypothesize that evolved physiological and behavioral mechanisms enable individuals to anticipate recurrent seasonal stressors and enhance immune function in advance of their occurrence. These seasonal adaptations, which have an important influence on seasonal patterns of survival, are reviewed here. We then discuss studies suggesting that photoperiod (day length) and photoperiod-dependent melatonin secretion influence immune function. Our working hypothesis is that short day lengths reroute energy from reproduction and growth to bolster immune function during winter. The net effect of these photoperiod-mediated adjustments is enhanced immune function and increased survival.
The effect of pregnancy intention on child development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, we use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to investigate the empirical link between unintended pregnancy and child health and development. An important contribution of our study is the use of information on siblings to control for unmeasured factors that may confound estimates of the effect of pregnancy intentions on infant and child outcomes. Results from our study indicate that unwanted pregnancy is associated with prenatal and postpartum maternal behaviors that adversely affect infant and child health, but that unwanted pregnancy has little association with birth weight and child cognitive outcomes. Estimates of the association between unwanted pregnancy and maternal behaviors were greatly reduced after controls for unmeasured family background were included in the model. Our results also indicate that there are no significant differences in maternal behaviors or child outcomes between mistimed and wanted pregnancies.
Lessons of Virtue: Portrayals of Women in Dutch Genre Painting

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The visual arts can serve as a window into society and its cultural expectations. Seventeenth- century Dutch paintings helped establish the societal expectations for Dutch women during this time period. The paintings of artists such as Johannes Vermeer, Judith Leyster and Nicolaes Maes give clues as to the roles of Dutch women through their realistic portrayals of everyday life. Depictions of women vary significantly during this period. Women portrayed as lazy housemaids, diligent workers and even prostitutes served as guides or moralizing commentaries for the daughters of middle class art patrons. In Dutch society the status of the household reflected the status of the Republic and at the helm of household affairs were women. Therefore, teaching women domestic responsibilities became a central focus in society and visual representations of women reflect the significance of the domestic sphere. Through an analysis of Dutch genre paintings of the seventeenth-century a clearer picture of the expectations of women can be garnered.
Intelligence tradecraft and the pre-crime approach to EU internal security governance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

EU internal security policy has been in recent years progressively focused onprevention of threats and risks. The 2010 Internal Security Strategy for the EUhighlighted the need for prevention and anticipation conceived as a proactiveintelligence-led approach to EU internal security. A pre-crime framework has beenwidely applied in fields like security studies, police science, criminology, ethics,political sociology and political geography, owing to its inherent explanatorypower. The core element of pre-crime approach is the selection and identificationof the most probable among abstract risks and dispersed threats, and the profiling,or sorting out, of particular social groups or individuals posing presumablyimminent threats. This paper aims at inserting the concept of intelligencetradecraft into the pre-crime analytical framework and verify the usefulness of such an approach to the study of EU internal security governance. The paper will focus on ‘intelligence process’ and ‘intelligence product’, i.e. how the stakeholders of EU internal security policy construct, modify and develop ‘products’ allowing for a better risk management and threat assessment in thecontext of precautionary and anticipatory attitudes towards EU securitygovernance.
HR Analytics as Perspective Business Tool

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the area of human resources, decision-making is changing. Guided by instinct and intuition, modern personnel specialists use data and algorithms to develop business solutions. According to recent studies, 35 percent of companies surveyed said they were actively developing data analysis capabilities for HR. Many organizations use metrics in the human resources department to influence how they hire, retain, and pay employees. This is beneficial because it allows companies to collect and analyze data that can both increase revenues through better understanding and more accurate targeting of customers, and reduce costs by improving business processes. At a time when the old methods of personnel management are no longer enough to keep up with competition and new technologies, this industry is at a crossroads. Although the use of analytics is far from new, over the past two years, more and more organizations have realized that data can improve both HR functions and business processes in general. HR plays an important role in business outcomes, and the use of data provides a key advantage in terms of decision making. 77 percent of managers currently rate people analytics as a key priority. Companies form teams of analysts, quickly replace obsolete systems, and combine individual analytic groups in HR into one strategic function. Despite the fact that analytics does not solve all the problems with the staff, it can give an idea of the business functions and help trained HR specialists to develop plans that optimize investment in talents. In this article the main KPIs are described in details for implementing in any kind of commercial companies, the tools that are need for it and the necessary skills that are required and expected from HR managers to better implementing new technologies in the rapidly changing world.
Influence of Probiotics and Acidifier supplementation on Growth, Carcass Characteristics and Economics of Feeding in Broilers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One hundred and fifty, day-old Vencobb broiler chicks of either sex with uniform body weight were randomly assigned to four treatments of three replicates each having 10 birds. The chicks in all the groups were fed with starter ration up to 21 days and finisher ration from 22 to 42 days of age as per BIS (1992) recommendations, however, in treatments T2, T3 and T4, the chicks were also provided with probiotics @ 50 g, acidifier @ 2 kg and probiotics @ 50 g + acidifier @ 2 kg/tonne of feed, respectively. The basal diet served as treatment T1. Body weight gain was higher (P<0.05) in group T4 compared to groups T3 or T2 in all the weeks. FCR at 6th week was better (P<0.05) in group T4 compared to the control with no significant difference between the supplemented groups. Net return per kg live weight gain was the highest for group T4 followed by T3, T2 and control group, however, the differences among the groups were not significant. The carcass characteristics were similar in all the groups. It was concluded that probiotics and acidifiers supplementation either singly or in combination improved the growth performance and feed efficiency in commercial broilers, however, the combination of probiotics and acidifier gave the best results.
Introduction: Anglo-American Media Interactions, 1850–2000

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book presents some of the best new research on Anglo-American media interactions in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, a topic of strong and increasing concern to both British and American scholars. Yet, given that the countries share a common political and cultural heritage and that, in recent years, "British" media empires such as those of Rupert Murdoch and Conrad Black have thrust their way into the United States, it is surprising that the media dimension in transatlantic relations has been insufficiently examined.2 This collection of essays seeks to rectify this gap and, among other things, to raise important questions about the transatlantic media's role in the construction of national identities and the emergence of global cultures.
Antidepressant ketamine and its metabolite hydroxynorketamine converge on the regulation of neurotransmitter release

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a devitalizing psychiatric condition with a lifetime prevalence of 17%. Alterations in glutamatergic transmission and plasticity have been closely associated with MDD. Ketamine is an activity-dependent blocker of NMDA receptors (NMDAR) which, at low subanesthetic doses show rapid and sustained antidepressant effect in treatment resistant patients. Changes in neuronal plasticity and synaptic transmission have been associated with antidepressant effects of ketamine. However, psychotomimetic effects and abuse potential of ketamine cannot be ignored and thus, its off-label use remains limited. A fairly recent study suggested that not ketamine but its metabolite hydroxynorketamine (HNK), which does not act via NMDAR, mediates the rapid antidepressant action. The molecular mechanisms of ketamine and HNK induced antidepressant effect remain enigmatic. In this study, we set up to monitor the effects of ketamine and HNK in cultured cortical neurons using live-cell imaging and electrophysiology, to investigate the convergent and divergent effects of these drugs on neurotransmission, signaling and gene expression, at the level of individual cells and synapses. Our results indicate that low doses of ketamine and HNK show convergent effect on neurotransmitter release and thus modulate neurotransmission rapidly and persistently. Hereon, we provide a mechanistic understanding of cellular signaling mediating the antidepressant effect of ketamine and its metabolite HNK.
Attitudes toward marriage and divorce of high school students due to family integrity and parental relationship quality

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this research was to examine attitudes toward marriage and divorce of high school students due to family integrity and parental relationship quality. There were 432 participants, students of three high schools from Karlovac. 56.3% of participants were female and 43.7% were male. Average age of participants was M=17.28 years (SD=1.17). Questionnaire that consisted of Attitudes toward marriage scale, Attitudes toward divorce scale, questions about parental relationship quality and questions about frequency and intensity of parental conflict was used. Students from these three schools do not differ in their attitude toward marriage and gymnasium students have a more positive attitude toward divorce than students from the other two schools. Students who live in the outskirts have a more positive attitude toward marriage than those who live in the city. There are no sex differences in attitude toward marriage, but boys significantly more think of marriage as mean of accomplihing and preservation of relationship safety and stability. Girls have a more positive attitude toward divorce because they give more significance to positive outcomes of divorce, while boys give more significance to negative outcomes. Children from divorced families and those from intact families with high parental relationship quality have a more positive attitude toward marriage than children from intact families with low parental relationship quality. Children from intact families with high parental relationship quality give more significance to marital relationship stability and partner bonding than children from from intact families with low parental relationship quality, while children from from intact families with low parental relationship quality give more significance to negative aspects of marriage than children from other two family types. Children from divorced families and children from intact families with low parental relationship quality have a more positive attitude toward divorce than children from intact families with high parental relationship quality. Children from intact families with high parental relationship quality give more significance to negative outcomes of divorce than children from other two family types, while children from intact families with low parental relationship quality give more significance to positive outcomes of divorce. The more participants are satisfied with their personal romantic experience, more positive attitude toward marriage they have. The same goes for participants who were in love compared with those who weren`t. Participants whose relationships lasted longer have more positive attitude toward divorce.