jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determining Fentin in Fentin-Maneb Preparations: CIPAC Interlaboratory Study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method is described for determining fentin acetate and fentin hydroxide in formulations in the presence of maneb. Triphenyltin acetate or hydroxide is converted to butyltriphenyltin by the Grignard reaction; the product is determined by GLC, using flame ionization or thermal conductivity detection, a column containing 5% SE-30 on Chromosorb W (HP) or Gas-Chrom Q, and docosane as the internal standard. Fifteen laboratories tested the method on 6 samples. The estimated repeatabilities expressed as coefficients of variation, ranged from 0.8 to 1.4% and the estimated reproducibilities from 1.3 to 1.7%.
Study on Anisotropy of Axial Resolutions of Two-Dimensional Shave-Off Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the shave-off method, which combines an X-axis sweep with a much slower Y-axis sweep, the sample is completely etched using a Ga focused ion beam (FIB). One advantage of this method is the higher axial resolution obtained because of sputtering by the edge of the FIB. Recently, our group developed a two-dimensional (2D) shave-off method and 2D data acquisition was achieved. This method enables the analysis of curved interfaces, such as transistors, by determining the analytical axes after the measurement. In the shave-off method, the axial resolution along the Y-axis has been studied, but the X-axial resolution has not been studied. In this study, we analyzed the X- and Y-axial resolutions using experimental measurements and simulations. The axial resolution was revealed to be anisotropic by measurement of an alumina particle, and further analyses were performed by simulating the etching process. The X-axial resolution of the shave-off scan was suggested to be similar to that of a raster scan. A simulation of the shape of the shave-off cross-section showed that the anisotropic axial resolution was caused by etching with the whole width of the FIB along the X-axis, except during the last sweep before complete etching of the sample. Calculation of FIB profiles using the Lorentzian function suggested an approach for improved high-resolution 2D shave-off measurements. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2016.179]
Peer Review #1 of "DUSP12 regulates the tumorigenesis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (v0.1)"

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Dual specificity protein phosphatase (DUSP)12 is an atypical member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, which are overexpressed in multiple types of malignant tumors.This protein family protect cells from apoptosis and promotes the proliferation and motility of cells.However, the pathological role of DUSP12 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is incompletely understood.Methods: We analyzed mRNA expression of DUSP12 between HCC and normal liver tissues using multiple online databases, and explored the status of DUSP12 mutants using the cBioPortal database.The correlation between DUSP12 expression and tumor-infiltrating immune cells was demonstrated using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database, and Tumor and Immune System Interaction Database.Loss of function assay was utilized to evaluate the role of DUSP12 in HCC progression.Results: DUSP12 had higher expression along with mRNA amplification in HCC tissues compared with those in normal liver tissues, which suggested that higher DUSP12 expression predicted shorter overall survival.Analyses of functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes suggested that DUSP12 regulated HCC tumorigenesis, and that knockdown of DUSP12 expression by short hairpin (sh)RNA decreased the proliferation and migration of HCC cells.Besides, DUSP12 expression was positively associated with the infiltration of cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells (especially CD4+ regulatory T cells), macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells.DUSP12 expression was positively associated with immune-checkpoint moieties, and was downregulated in a C3 immune-subgroup of HCC (which had the longest survival). Conclusion:These data suggest that DUSP12 may have a critical role in the tumorigenesis, infiltration of immune cells, and prognosis of HCC.
Phytophthora lateralis (port-orford-cedar root disease).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Genetics P. lateralis is in phylogenetic clade 8, defined by ITS DNA sequence (Cooke et al., 2000). The most closely related species is P. ramorum, the sudden oak death pathogen (Ivors et al., 2004). Other related species include P. hibernalis and P. foliorum; these species sometimes cross-react in molecular diagnostic tests designed for P. lateralis (Winton and Hansen, 2001). In much of Europe and in western North America, P. lateralis populations are very uniform in appearance and genetics, as expected of a clonally spread pathogen that is inbreeding or functionally asexual (McWilliams, 1999; 2000). In Taiwan and one small area of Britain, however, morphologically and genetically distinctive populations are established (Brasier et al., 2012). Isolates from Taiwan are especially variable, as might be expected of an ancestral, endemic population. In total, four distinct lineages have been described, including two from Taiwan, the invasive population found in North America and Europe, and the small UK population. Reproductive Biology P. lateralis reproduces primarily through asexual zoospores and chlamydospores (Trione, 1974; Englander and Roth, 1980). Zoospores are released from sporangia, sack-like hyphal appendages that hold about 20 zoospores each. Sporangia form in water or in saturated soil, on hyphae that grow from colonies in tree roots (or in agar). Zoospores are encased only in a membrane and are vulnerable to drying. In water they are motile with flagellae. They are chemotactic, following chemical gradients or root exudates. They remain active for about 24 hours. Zoospores encyst on root surfaces or after agitation, such as in a fast moving stream, and germinate with hyphae that may penetrate a host root and establish a new infection (Oh and Hansen, 2007). Chlamydospores are thick-walled asexual resting spores that form on hyphae in roots, foliage or in culture. They allow the pathogen to survive drying conditions, germinating with hyphae and sporangia when cool moist conditions resume (Trione, 1959). Oospores are sexual spores formed from the fusion of antheridia and oogonia. They are thick-walled and presumably function as resting spores in roots and foliage, as well as providing the population with genetic variation. They are very seldom seen in culture, however. Longevity P. lateralis survives for up to 10 years in infected root fragments in the soil (Hansen and Hamm, 1996). Population Size and Structure Populations of propagules free in the soil are small (Tsao et al., 1995). Environmental Requirements P. lateralis dies quickly from surface horizons exposed to sun as it cannot survive warm dry conditions (Hansen and Hamm, 1996). P. lateralis is active during cool, wet times of the year (Trione, 1959).
Theoretical and experimental study on adsorption of benzoic acid molecules on silver clusters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The adsorption behavior and charge transition of benzoic acid (BA) on silver nanoparticles are studied by the experiment and Density Functional Theory (DFT). The UV-visible adsorption spectrum of silver nanoparticle is investigated, and adsorption spectra of Ih-symmetry Ag13 are obtained. The main adsorption UV-visible adsorption band at 413 nm of silver colloidal with the experimental results is good agreement with that of Ag13 cluster.The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on dried filter paper coated with silver nanoparticles and in silver aqueous colloids, indicates adsorption configurations of BA are similar. One Ag13 cluster with Ih-symmetry (Ih-Ag13 cluster) as a model of adsorbates is used to simulate Raman spectra of the adsorption configuration. Surprisingly, the calculated Raman spectra are in good agreement with experimental results. The Mulliken charge population analysis is obtained by calculation, which shows the charge characteristics of Ag13 nanoparticle.
A Comparison of Polypeptides in Measles and SSPE Virus Strains

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The polypeptide patterns of twelve subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and measles viruses have been compared by slab gel electrophoresis. The polypeptide patterns of nine strains of SSPE and measles virus were identical. Differences in the NP protein and the HA protein of the Oddo strain, the P protein of the large plaque variant of the Lec strain of SSPE and in the M protein of the Hu 2 measles strain could not be correlated with biological characteristics such as plaque morphology, origin or haemagglutination properties.
Character Association and Path Analysis for Yield Components in Traditional Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was conducted in randomized block design replicated thrice, for the evaluation of thirteen quantitative traits in twenty rice genotypes. Significant difference for all the quantitative traits was observed among the genotypes indicating presence of variability and scope of selection. Higher estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits reflected influence of environmental factor on these traits with variable influence. The characters fertile spikelet per panicles, Test weight, yield per plant, harvest index, Biological yield per plant and flag leaf width showed greater influence of environment reflecting scope of improvement of these traits by providing favourable environment whereas least influenced traits cannot be improved even in favourable condition but may be good for selection. The traits plant height, effective tillers per plant, flag leaf length, test weight and biological yield per plant showed high estimates of heritability and genetic advance implies additive genetic component and can be used for selection in early segregating generations. Considering both correlation and path study the traits Panicle length, biological yield per plant, harvest index and test weight showed true association with grain yield per plant having significant and positive correlation with high positive direct effect. Hence for implication of direct selection these traits should be considered.
The current state of the breeding base in the Smolensk region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dairy cattle breeding in the Smolensk region is the most promising direction of development of agriculture. In this regard the purpose of the work has been to study and analyze the state of the breeding base in dairy cattle breeding in the region. Breeding base in the Smolensk region at present time is represented by three breeding farms (nucleuses) and 12 breeding farms fof breeding Brown Swiss, Sychevskaya, Vazuzskiy type of Sychevskaya breed, Holstein and Black-and-White breeds. In the breeding farms of the region in 2018 the number of cattle was 21 484 heads, which is by 19,4 % less than in 2017. The reduction of livestock has been occurred due to the reduction of cows by 15,4 % and reduction of offspring, but the sale of breeding young animals has been increased by 38 %. The term of economic use of cows according the breed has been varied from 3,2 (Holstein breed) to 4,7 calving (Brown Swiss). At intensive rearing of breeding heifers with their first fertilization at the age of 16– 18 months the average productivity of cows in the future may reach the level of 5500–6000 thousand kg of milk per lactation. Payback all costs under this is happening for 1,5–2,0 lactations. According to the valuation for 2018 highest yield of milk has been obtained in the herd in breeding farm OOO “Zolotaya Niva” (Holstein breed) – 9700 kg of milk and yield of fat 311 and protein 351 kg. Eff ective use of highly productive animals contributes to the improvement of the genealogical structure of the herd and the breed increases the chances of getting even more highly productive and valuable descendants.
Polysarcosine-Based Lipids: From Lipopolypeptoid Micelles to Stealth-Like Lipids in Langmuir Blodgett Monolayers

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Amphiphiles and, in particular, PEGylated lipids or alkyl ethers represent an important class of non-ionic surfactants and have become key ingredients for long-circulating (“stealth”) liposomes. While poly-(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can be considered the gold standard for stealth-like materials, it is known to be neither a bio-based nor biodegradable material. In contrast to PEG, polysarcosine (PSar) is based on the endogenous amino acid sarcosine (N-methylated glycine), but has also demonstrated stealth-like properties in vitro, as well as in vivo. In this respect, we report on the synthesis and characterization of polysarcosine based lipids with C14 and C18 hydrocarbon chains and their end group functionalization. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis reveals that lipopeptoids with a degree of polymerization between 10 and 100, dispersity indices around 1.1, and the absence of detectable side products are directly accessible by nucleophilic ring opening polymerization (ROP). The values for the critical micelle concentration for these lipopolymers are between 27 and 1181 mg/L for the ones with C18 hydrocarbon chain or even higher for the C14 counterparts. The lipopolypeptoid based micelles have hydrodynamic diameters between 10 and 25 nm, in which the size scales with the length of the PSar block. In addition, C18PSar50 can be incorporated in 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) monolayers up to a polymer content of 3%. Cyclic compression and expansion of the monolayer showed no significant loss of polymer, indicating a stable monolayer. Therefore, lipopolypeptoids can not only be synthesized under living conditions, but my also provide a platform to substitute PEG-based lipopolymers as excipients and/or in lipid formulations.
The dynamic jahn-teller effect with many frequencies: a simple approach to a complicated problem

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The hamiltonian for an ion which has a dynamic Jahn-Teller interaction with the many normal modes of a crystal can be separated in such a way that nearly all the coupling strength is concentrated in an interaction with a set of vibrations of one frequency only. All the rest of the hamiltonian, including the consequence of the effective vibration not being a normal mode, is expressed in a simple form, and treated as a second order perturbation on the energy levels of the first part. This procedure gives a good approximation to the lower states of the Jahn-Teller system, and can be used in studying phonon scattering. Some results are derived for the case of an E electronic doublet at a cubic crystal site.
Numerical Analysis of Exfoliation Corroded Holed Aluminum Plates Repaired with Adhesively Bonded Composite Patches

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A 3D FE model of exfoliation corroded holed aluminum plates repaired with adhesively bonded composite patches was established in this paper, and then the stress distribution in the repaired aluminum plate was analyzed. The result shows after repairing in the exfoliation corroded holed aluminum plate gets reduced for 33.62%, and the repaired aluminum plates undergoes bending deformations due to the offset between load axis and centroidal axis of the repaired structure.
Pergamon, Türkei. Die Arbeiten des Jahres 2017

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The activities of the Pergamon-excavation in 2014 were part of the continuing research program on the urban organism of the Hellenistic residential city and on Pergamon´s countryside. The program also includes studies of the ancient necropolis and the natural sanctuaries as integral elements within the presentation of suburbs and hinterland. The campaign focused on (1) the inner-city survey at the western slope of the city-hill and the western periphery, (2) the excavation of the alleged rock-cut sanctuaries 4 and 2, (3) the excavation within the alleged banquet-building at the northern eastslope, (4) the excavation of the south-eastern necropolis, (5) the archaeological and architectural study of the Lower Agora, (6) the geophysical prospection of large scale gravemounds in the periphery of the ancient city and finally (7) the new Kane-Pensinsula (Kara Dağ) regional harbor survey. The extensive conservation and restoration works have already been presented in a separate report. A detailed preliminary report will be published in “Archäologischer Anzeiger” 2015/2.
Passive versus active intra-abdominal drainage following pancreatic resection: does a superior drainage system exist? A protocol for systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) is the most common cause of major morbidity following pancreatic resection. Intra-abdominal drains are frequently positioned adjacent to the pancreatic anastomosis or transection margin at the time of surgery to aid in detection and management of CR-POPF. Drains can either evacuate fluid by passive gravity (PG) or be attached to a closed suction (CS) system using negative pressure. There is controversy as to whether one of these two systems is superior. The objective of this review is to identify and compare the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and resource utilisation associated with PG and CS drainage following pancreatic resections. Methods and analysis MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials will be searched from inception to April 2019, to identify interventional and observational studies comparing PG and CS drains following pancreatic resection. The primary outcome is POPF as defined by the International Study Group for Pancreatic Fistula in 2017. Secondary outcomes include postoperative AE, resource utilisation (length of stay, return to emergency department, readmission and reintervention), time to drain removal and quality of life. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment will be performed independently, by two reviewers. A meta-analysis will be conducted if deemed statistically appropriate. Subgroup analysis by study design will be performed. Study heterogeneity will be calculated with the χ 2 test and reported as I 2 statistics. Statistical analyses will be conducted and displayed using RevMan V.5.3 Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not required. The results of this study will be submitted to relevant conferences for presentation and peer-reviewed journals for publication. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019123647.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Case fatality rate and risk factors for Nipah virus encephalitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: A wide range of Nipah virus (NiV) encephalitis case fatality rates (CFR) have been reported. Data on the involvement of several potential risk factors in Nipah virus transmission remain controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled CFR of NiV encephalitis and to assess the risk factors for NiV infection.METHODS: Articles published up to the 27thof November 2018 in MedLine, Embase and Web of knowledge databases were considered for this study. We included cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies that have reported NiV CFR and/or risk factors. Data were pooled with random-effects model. This review was registered in the PROSPERO, CRD42018116242.FINDINGS: This global review included 22 citations (25 studies) including 2156, 1682, and 474 suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of NiV encephalitis, respectively. We determined a pooled CFR for NiV encephalitis at 61.0% (95% CI, 45.7-75.4; I² = 96.8%). Climbing trees (OR = 1.4; 95% CI; 1.0-1.9), male gender (OR = 1.5; 95% CI; 1.1-2.0), travel outside their own sub-district (OR = 2.0; 95% CI; 1.4-2.9), and exposure to date palm sap (DPS) (OR = 5.7; 95% CI; 3.8-8.6) or pigs (OR = 7.6; 95% CI; 1.2-45.4) were significantly associated with NiV infection.CONCLUSION: Findings from this study suggest that NiV Encephalitis is associated with a high CFR and that male gender, travel outside their sub-district, climbing trees, and exposure to pigs and DPS are associated with an increased risk of NiV encephalitis.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PMID: 31132674
Microscopic Polyangiitis as a Multidisciplinary Problem (Literature Review and Case Report)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Microscopic polyangiitis is a necrotizing vasculitis characterized by systemic involvement of capillaries, venules, and arterioles. The average age of patients at the time of microscopic polyangiitis verification is 42 (51-65) years. Almost all patients with microscopic polyangiitis have antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Antibodies to myeloperoxidase are more common than antibodies to proteinase-3. The disease is most commonly characterized by involvement of small vessels in the kidneys and lungs, as well as a high frequency of end-stage chronic kidney disease and mortality. Patients with microscopic polyangiitis have a low risk of exacerbation and a low frequency of arterial hypertension despite renal involvement. The article discusses the clinical spectrum of organ involvement in microscopic polyangiitis and presents a case description of a 39-year-old woman with renal, lung, and heart involvement against the background of concomitant bronchiectatic disease. High titers of myeloperoxidase antibodies were detected in the enzyme immunoassay. Patient R., 39 years old, was diagnosed with microscopic polyangiitis on August 31, 2021, and died on June 28, 2024, with a disease duration of 35 months (147 weeks, 3 years).
I. Total synthesis of tamandarin B. II. Synthesis of isoroquefortine C and A novel related heterocycle

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Tamandarins A and B are naturally occurring cyclic depsipeptides that have been isolated from an unidentified Brazilian ascidian of the Didemnidae family. The tamandarins are structurally related to the didemnins, marine metabolites that possess antiviral, antitumor, and immunosuppressive activities. The total synthesis of tamandarin B is reported herein. This research allowed initial examination of the biological properties of this natural product. The results indicate that tamandarin B possesses antitumor properties equipotent to those of didemnin congeners. This finding should facilitate the development of potential clinical candidates based upon the tamandarin macrocyclic framework. Roquefortine C is an indole alkaloid that is produced by a variety of fungi belonging to the Penicillium family. This compound has attracted the interest of the scientific community due to its importance in food chemistry and its unique structural characteristics. The results of synthetic efforts related to this natural product are discussed. The synthesis of the photoisomer of roquefortine C, isoroquefortine C, has been accomplished by intermolecular transition metal catalyzed carbon-heteroatom bond formation. A compound possessing a related imidazolidinone heterocyclic ring system that had yet to be reported in the literature has also been synthesized by the intramolecular variant of this reaction.