jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DISPERSED FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA OF SIMPLE CARBENES

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Acknowledgments: BCC thanks Dr. Kopin Liu (Academia Sinica, Taiwan) for help with the experiment and the National Science Council, Taiwan for its support of this work under Grant No. NSC88-2113-M-008-007.$^{a}$D. J. Clouthier and J. Karolczak, J. Chem. Phys. 94, 1 (1991). $^{b}$V. E. Bondybey. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 64, 180 (1977). $^{c}$K. Sendt and G. B. Bacskay. J. Chem. Phys. 112, 2227 (2000).
Antibody to Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III in Wives of Hemophiliacs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To evaluate the risk of heterosexual transmission of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, lymphadenopathy, and infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), we studied 42 hemophiliacs and their wives. By early 1984, 9 of the hemophiliacs had asymptomatic lymphadenopathy and 1 had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Twenty-one hemophiliacs, including all 10 with clinically overt disease, had antibody to HTLV-III. None of the 42 wives had lymphadenopathy or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome but 2 had HTLV-III antibody. One of these women had evidence of immunologic dysfunction with a markedly reduced T-helper/suppressor cell ratio. The husbands of these 2 women both had HTLV-III antibody, but neither had overt acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related disease. Thus, as of early 1984, the prevalence of HTLV-III antibody in wives of hemophiliacs seropositive for HTLV-III was 9.5% (2 of 21). We conclude that transmission of HTLV-III occurs between hemophiliacs and their heterosexual partners.
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY; FREQUENCY IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To determine the frequency of acute kidney injury in hospitalizedpatients at Nishtar hospital, Multan. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: MedicalUnit-IV, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Duration: Duration of study was 6 months from 17/07/2015to 16/01/2016. Material and Methods: This study involved 383 patients of either sex agedbetween 37-60 years admitted to medical ward for various medical conditions. Results: Themean age of the patients was 48.96±7.24 years. There were 198 (51.7%) male and 185 (48.3%)female patients in the study group. The most frequent underlying cause requiring hospitaladmission was a respiratory tract disease observed in 153 (39.9%) patients. AKI was observedin 104 (27.2%) patients. When stratified the frequency of AKI increased significantly withincreasing age of the patient; 37-42 years vs. 43-48 years vs. 49-54 years vs. 55-60 years (17.3%vs. 22.7% vs. 26.2% vs. 42.0%; p=.001). It was also significantly (p=.000) higher in patientswith diabetes (47.4%) and hepatobiliary disease (34.7%) at admission followed by infections(26.4%) and respiratory tract diseases (17.6%). However, there was no significant difference inthe frequency of AKI across genders; male vs. female (25.8% vs. 28.6%; p=.525). Conclusion:Very high frequency of acute kidney injury was observed in our study. Acute kidney injury wassignificantly associated with increasing age particularly more than 50 years and underlyingmedical conditions with particular reference to the diabetes mellitus and hepatobiliary diseases.Serial renal parameters monitoring should be adopted for early diagnosis followed by timelymanagement of acute kidney disease. It will decrease associated disease morbidities andmortalities and will also improve quality of life of these patients.
Improving METOC products and services by utilizing net centric concepts

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order for the METOC community to remain operationally significant and engaged with the war fighters, decision makers and other customers, METOC products and services must be fully integrated into the systems that these various groups depend on for there daily information. This thesis investigates ways to make METOC product and services more interoperable by utilizing net centric concepts to improve the tactical significance of METOC products, accessibility to data, and interoperability between internal command systems. Improvements where made to the Joint METOC Viewer and METCAST systems to improve the ability of the programs to provide tactically significant products and data accessibility. Additionally, developments were made to create an interoperable Electronic Ship F%older Database and Message Parsing Program that allows all Optimum Track Ship Routing (OTSR) data to be organized into one system that can be used to parse, track and disseminate OTSR related information.
The Gaboye of Somaliland: Legacies of Marginality, Trajectories of Emancipation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A partire da una ricerca etnografica condotta tra il 2014 ed il 2015 nella città di Hargeisa, capitale della Repubblica del Somaliland (Somalia), la tesi illustra la traiettoria storica di trasformazione di una forma di marginalizzazione socio-politico-economica di cui sono oggetto i Gaboye, un agglomerato di gruppi minoritari locali. Tale marginalizzazione veniva descritta da autori di epoca coloniale (viaggiatori, studiosi, funzionari coloniali) come segregazione di “casta”. L’oggetto in questione apre squarci analitici sia su importanti snodi storici di mutamento sociale che hanno interessato l’area – quali i processi migratori che determinarono l’espansione urbana nell’area ed altre trasformazioni del tessuto economico occorse a partire dall’epoca coloniale – sia su temi e strumenti concettuali su cui antropologi e storici si interrogano in relazione ad altri contesti africani (e non solo), quali la relazione tra status ascritti, segregazione professionale, esclusione dagli scambi matrimoniali e stratificazione sociale.
Risk Considerations for Random Reentry of Space Debris

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

*Congress granted the FAA the authority to license commercial launch or reentry to ensure protection of public, property, the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States and to encourage, facilitate, and promote U.S. Commercial Space Transportation. To meet this responsibility the FAA performs safety evaluations on applications to conduct commercial launches from the United States or outside the United States by a U.S. citizen or an entity organized under the laws of the United States . This paper discusses the risk analysis performed by the FAA, to determine the risk to the uninvolved public as a result of random reentering space debris. The FAA has not regulated the random reentry of Expendable Launch Vehicle upper stages due to their natural decay; however, the FAA has performed independent analysis on this subject discussed in this paper. This paper addresses considerations important to determine the risk to the uninvolved public . These include trajectory considerations, debris considerations, and population considerations. The FAA assessed the risk to the uninvolved public resulting from random reentry of space vehicles or debris. This paper shows that calculated risk is sensitive to casualty area and world population with time and that significant sized debris have reentered and impacted landmasses.
Social Interactions and Well-Being

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although we interact with a wide network of people on a daily basis, the social psychology literature has primarily focused on interactions with close friends and family. The present research tested whether subjective well-being is related not only to interactions with these strong ties but also to interactions with weak social ties (i.e., acquaintances). In Study 1, students experienced greater happiness and greater feelings of belonging on days when they interacted with more classmates than usual. Broadening the scope in Studies 2A and 2B to include all daily interactions (with both strong and weak ties), we again found that weak ties are related to social and emotional well-being. The current results highlight the power of weak ties, suggesting that even social interactions with the more peripheral members of our social networks contribute to our well-being.
Review on Nowcasting using Least Absolute Shrinkage Selector Operator (LASSO) to Predict Dengue Occurrence in San Juan and Iquitos as Part of Disease Surveillance System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dengue which was first detected mainly in South East Asia during 1940s is now a serious public health concern across the subtropical and temperate regions of Americas, Europe and China due to the change in global climate and international travel. Hence, 3.9 billion people in 128 countries are exposed to the danger of potentially fatal dengue infection. This is a review paper of various dengue forecasting methodology to identify suitable models for predicting the disease occurrence in San Juan, Puerto Rico and Iquitos, Peru. Least Absolute Shrinkage Selector Operator (LASSO) model using climatic variables and Google Trends search terms as predictors was proposed to forecast dengue cases four weeks in advance. LASSO's flexibility in incorporating a variety of predictors and its ease of interpretation present LASSO as a compelling case against the general predictive models. Public health regulators could make use of such nowcasting model to facilitate the timing of vector control and public health campaigns along with the medical resource allocation to cope with potential dengue outbreaks.
Measurement of Industrial Robot Trajectories With Reorientations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The increasing use of industrial robots in different applications raises the demand of the robots performance. This yields to the request for reliable data for the performance characteristics of industrial robots. In this paper a measurement solution for dynamic industrial robot motion measurement with a significant amount of reorientations is presented. The proposed method uses an optical coordinate measurement system with light emitting diodes (LEDs) as active markers. The reorientations of the robots tool increases the difficulty of temporary occlusion of markers, disappearance of markers and reappearance of previously hidden markers. An automated marker registration system based on quality evaluation for single LED measurements has been developed to allow flexible maker setups and decrease the possibility of measurement errors. To interpret the measurement data, an additional error metric for the according ISO standard for measuring robot motion is proposed.
Optimal Investment Decision on Open-end Funds

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study of open-end fund is conducted in this paper in terms of the theory of Random process and the theory ofSequential Decision, which based on the benefit of investors and the cost of transaction (commission occurred in thetransaction). In addition the thesis introduces the method of factor of random discounting, by which investors can choosethe optimal way of investment, which is calculated in an analogue case.
The Impact of Migration and Innovations on the Life Cycles and Size Distribution of Cities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We present a comprehensive agent-based model of a closed system of cities. The model includes two types of agents—employees and firms. Firms compete for workers and make decisions concerning what to produce and whether to adopt innovations. Individual employees make migration decisions. Some migrants become intrapreneurs when their employers adopt production process innovations that they propose. Some migrants become entrepreneurs when the product innovations that they propose are implemented by their employers in new subsidiary firms. These firms tend to be technological leaders. The decisions of individuals and of firms generate innovation–migration dynamics that generate a variety of city sizes. A city that is home to firms that are currently relatively attractive to migrating innovators experience moderate or fast growth. Because of particular decision patterns by individuals and firms, this growth may decline and stop, and the city may stagnate and loose workers as its relative attractiveness decreases. Cities that remain unattractive for long periods can stop growing and shrink. We model explicitly the extent to which cities attract immigrants and innovators and demonstrate that the size distribution of cities is defined by the ability of its resident firms to adopt the innovations and to let the product innovators establish technologically advanced enterprises. These decisions result in high market value of the most productive firms, of the entire industrial system the city where the firm is located, and of the entire urban system.
Maintaining Connected Coverage for Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a density control algorithm for wireless sensor networks to keep as few as possible sensors in active state to achieve a connected coverage of a specific area of interest. Inactive sensors can turn off sensing modules to save energy for prolonging the network lifetime. Unlike other algorithms, the proposed one does not rely on position information or ranging information of sensors. It just requires each active sensor to periodically send two beacons of different transmission ranges. Sensors can then decide to stay active or inactive according to received beacons. When any active sensor runs out of energy or fails, one or more inactive sensors can switch to the active state to take over the surveillance responsibility. The proposed algorithm is thus of the capability of fault-tolerance. Under the assumption of sufficiently high density of sensors and the assumption of RC ³ 2RS, the algorithm can approximate the optimal connected coverage, where RC and RS are the radio communication radius and the sensing radius of sensors, respectively. Furthermore, we perform simulation experiments to investigate the impact of the sensor density and the ratio alpha on algorithm performances, where alpha, (1/√3) ≪ alpha ≪ 1, is the ratio of the transmission ranges of the two beacons.
Budd-Chiari Syndrome: Analysis of 30 Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors report their experience with 30 adult patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), which is a rare and serious disorder, characterized by hepatic outflow obstruction caused by many different conditions. The diagnosis was based on the clinical data, ultrasonography (US), vena cavography and hepatic venography, computed tomography (CT), and liver bi-opsy. Beh&amp;ccedil;et’s disease (BD) was found in 10 patients with BCS as an underlying disease. Two patients used oral contraceptive drugs, 2 had liver tumor hepato-cellular carcinoma and liver lymphoma, and 1 patient had chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Despite full investigation, the authors could not find any obvious un-derlying cause in the other 15 patients. The results suggest that (1) BCS must be considered as a possible complica-tion in patients with Beh&amp;ccedil;et’s disease when they have hepatomegaly even if there were no cardinal manifestations of the disease at the time of admission, and BD is the most common etiologic factor in BCS (33%) in Turkey, where the inci-dence of Beh&amp;ccedil;et’s disease is relatively high. (2) Anti-aggregant treatment seems to be effective in many instances. (3) There were space-occupying lesion-like appearances in the liver of 7 cases by CT and US examination in the acute stage, and these disappeared on the follow-up CT and US in 5 patients but continued in 2. BCS should thus be differentiated from other liver lesions. (4) There were other great-vessel involvements in 43 % of the cases, mostly venous, but only 1 pulmonary arterial occlusion.
Bioinspired Perovskite Nanocrystals‐Integrated Photonic Crystal Microsphere Arrays for Information Security

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Information security occupies an important position in the era of big data. Attempts to improve the security performance tend to impart them with more additional encryption strategies. Herein, inspired by the wettability feature of Stenocara beetle elytra and signal model of traffic light, a novel array of perovskite nanocrystals (PNs)‐integrated PhC microsphere for information security is presented. The photoluminescent PNs are encapsulated in angle‐independent PhC microspheres to impart them with binary optical signals as coding information. Through the multimask superposition approach, PNs‐integrated PhC microspheres with different codes are placed into fluorosilane‐treated PDMS substrate to form different arrays. These arrays could converge moisture on PhC microspheres in wet environment, which avoids the ions loss of the PNs and effectively prevented mutual contamination. In addition, the fluorescence of the PNs inside PhC microspheres could reversibly quench or recover in response to the environmental moisture. Based on these features, it is demonstrated that the PNs‐integrated PhC microsphere arrays could realize various information encryption modes, which indicate their excellent values in information security fields.
A fertility-oriented method for histological processing of testicular biopsies in men with azoospermia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study was designed to evaluate whether tissue preparation by glutaraldehyde and glycol methacrylate (G/GMA) improves the diagnostic assessment of testicular biopsies from azoospermic men when compared to the standard tissue preparation using Bouin's solution and paraffin. We prospectively included a total of 21 testicular biopsies of sexually mature men aged 29-50 years with infertility and azoospermia. One testicular biopsy fragment from each patient was processed by the G/GMA method, whereas another tissue fragment was contemporarily processed by the conventional Bouin/paraffin (B/P) method. The G/GMA method provided better resolution of cytological details of the seminiferous epithelium, changing the final diagnosis in four cases. The medians of Bergmann's spermatogenesis scores were 0.25 (interquartile range 0.04-0.88) for B/P preparations and 0.79 (interquartile range 0.17-0.96) for G/GMA preparations. Both techniques allowed accurate prediction of sperm recovery from the biopsies (B/P, area under the receiver operating characteristics [ROC] curve 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75-1.00; G/GMA, area under the ROC curve 0.94, 95% CI 0.86-1.00). We conclude that human testicular biopsy preparation with G/GMA improved image resolution under light microscopy and produced more reliable results for the evaluation of spermatogenesis in comparison with B/P, allowing a more precise fertility-oriented diagnosis in azoospermic men.Abbreviations: B/P: Bouin/paraffin; GMA: glycol methacrylate; G/GMA: glutaraldehyde and glycol methacrylate; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; OA: obstructive azoospermia; NOA: nonobstructive azoospermia; TESE: testicular sperm extraction.
Land Suitability Analysis for Potential Agriculture Land Use in Sambhunath Municipality, Saptari, Nepal

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Rapid and unplanned urbanization and haphazard infrastructure development causes pressure on the finite land resource and there is urgent need to preserve the arable land for food security. Land suitability analysis is a technique in which the land quality assessment is performed through interpretation of land properties for allocation of lands for particular use. The present paper attempts to conduct a land suitability analysis to determine the potential sites for agriculture land use in Sambhunath municipality of Saptari district. The criteria/ factors for the land suitability analysis were identified through literatures and modified in the local context through expert opinions and focus group discussions. The evaluation of agriculture land is accomplished using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) and Geographic Information System (GIS). Agriculture suitability index was developed and optimized qualitatively through the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) analysis. Finally, potential agriculture suitability index map is prepared. The analysis shows almost 3139 ha (29%) lands as 14 highly suitable and 3001 ha (28%) of moderately suitable agriculture land within the municipality. Almost all the suitable agriculture land is located at low land with flat terrain to gentle slope having high natural fertility and mainly in land capability classes I and II. The unsuitable and poorly suitable agriculture land is occupied in the undulating areas and hilly terrain of the Siwalik hill. The study found the GIS tool integrated with MCE-AHP useful in land suitability evaluation process and anticipated that it could act as the planning tool to allocate lands in land use planning for sustainable agricultural practices.
Numerical Investigation of Low-Pressure Turbine Cascade with Unsteady Wakes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1668.vid Large-eddy simulations were conducted for a full 50% reaction low-pressure turbine stage and for a cascade with upstream bar wake generators with two different diameters. The chord Reynolds number for the simulations was 50,000. An analysis of the approach flow and wake revealed that the endwall boundary layer was growing faster for the bar wake generators because of the relative motion of the endwall with respect to the freestream. For the full stage, substantial laminar separation from the upstream airfoil as a result of the low Reynolds conditions leads to large and pronounced wakes that impact the downstream airfoils. To improve the quality of the phase-averaged flow fields, the proper orthogonal decomposition was employed as a filter to remove the low energy unsteady flow field content. Both the mean ow and filtered phase-averaged flow are analyzed in detail. Visualizations of the phase-averaged flow field reveal a periodic suppression of the laminar suction side separation from the downstream airfoil even for the smaller bar wake generator. The passage vortex is entirely suppressed for the 50% reaction stage and for the large bar wake generator. Furthermore, the phase-averaged data for the 50% reaction stage reveal a new longitudinal flow structure that can be traced back to near-wall wake vorticity.
Image contrast enhancement using split Bregman method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we propose a variational method for image contrast enhancement, by keeping the image details and correcting the non-uniform illumination.It is a minimization problem, where the objective functional consists of two different fitting terms: a L 1 term that matches the gradients of the input and reconstructed images, for preserving the image details, and a L 2 term that measures the misfit between the reconstructed image and the mean value of the input image, for reducing the image variance and thus correcting the illumination.For solving this minimization problem we apply the split Bregman method, which is an efficient and fast iterative method suitable for this type of non-differentiable and convex minimization problem, involving a L 1 term.Some experimental results show the effectiveness of the method.
Concentration of copper 63 by the countercurrent electromigration method

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Concent rat ion of 63 Cu by the co untercurrent electrom igration method is described .The electromigratio n cell was ope rated with cu pric sulfate as t he electrolyte for periods of a bou t 400 to 500 hours.A defini te, t hough sma ll, concentrat ion of 63 Cu in t h e cathode compart ment of the cell was obtained .T he terminal sepa rat ion coefficient was about onet hird as large as t h at fou nd fo r chlor ine under sim ilar co ndi t ions. \)