jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Corrosion-Induced Cracking of Concrete Considering Rust Penetration into Cracks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Evaluation of the concrete cracking induced by rebar corrosion is necessary for accurately clarifying the durability and predicting the service life of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The fact that rust penetration into cracks might decrease corrosion expansion has been realized but not sufficiently investigated. In this paper, a numerical approach in terms of the mesoscopic structure of concrete is used to simulate the corrosion-induced concrete cracking, and the lattice network model to account for rust penetration into cracks is developed by assuming that the movement of rust is driven by moisture convection. The total rust amount is calculated based on Faraday’s law, and the rust expansion is transformed to a radial displacement boundary condition for both uniform and nonuniform conditions. Rust penetration is assumed to be a convection process governed by Darcy’s law. The proposed model is confirmed by comparing cracking pattern, corrosion pressure, surface crack width, mass ratio of penetrated rust to total rust (ΔWpe/ΔWtotal), and volume ratio of cracks occupied by rust to total cracks (Vrustcrack/Vcracktotal) with available experimental and numerical results. It is found that the distribution and the amount of penetrated rust are closely related to the volume of cracks and the connection of crack networks. Besides, through sensitivity analysis of influencing factors for rust penetration, it is found that a higher dissolved degree of rust in moisture induces a higher ΔWpe/ΔWtotal, but it doesn’t influence Vrustcrack/Vcracktotal. A larger relative water content at the concrete-steel interface will induce higher ΔWpe/ΔWtotal and Vrustcrack/Vcracktotal, while the initial relative water content in concrete has no significant difference on either ΔWpe/ΔWtotal or Vrustcrack/Vcracktotal.
Emotion Decision Method of A Situation-based for Emotion Study of Animation Lion King in Film

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

애니메이션의 상황 기반 정서판정모델 (Situation-based Emotion Decision Model, SEDM)을 제안하였다. 이는 최소단위 분절 즉 비트로 나누고, 그 정서를 판정하는 2 단계로 구성된다. SEDM을 애니메이션 ‘라이언 킹’의 2장의 중심파트에 대하여 적용해 봄으로써 검증하였다. 각 비트의 정서에 대하여 Plutchick의 정서 분류 이론에 따라 32개의 정서(기본8, 복합24) 중 하나로 분류하였다. 실험결과 제안된 SEDM과 전문가 실험 판정의 평균 일치율은 86.11%,로 나타났다. 제안된 SEDM을 이용하면, 애니메이션의 비트에 나타난 정서와 스토리, 음악, 사운드, 비주얼스토리텔링의 상관관계를 연구하는데 중요한 프레임워크가 될 것으로 기대된다.
Role of the human LIN complex in DNA damage induced regulation of gene expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In jeder menschlichen Zelle entstehen taglich ca. 10.000 – 150.000 endogene DNA Schaden. Eine Anhaufung dieser Lasionen kann zu genetischer Instabilitat fuhren und dadurch zur Krebsentwicklung beitragen. Daher ist eine schnelle DNA Schadensantwort notig, um schwerwiegende Folgen fur die Zelle zu vermeiden. Da bekannt ist, dass der Multiproteinkomplex LINC (auch humaner dREAM-Komplex genannt) an der transkriptionellen Regulation mitotischer und G2-spezifischer Gene beteiligt ist, sollte in dieser Arbeit seine Beteiligung an der DNA Schadensantwort genauer untersucht werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass in normal wachsenden Zellen B-MYB an den LINC-Kernkomplex bindet, welcher sich aus 5 Proteinen zusammensetzt: LIN-9, LIN-54, LIN-52, LIN-37 und RbAp48. Treten DNA Schaden auf, dissoziiert B-MYB vom LINC Kernkomplex wobei gleichzeitig die Bindung von p130 und E2F4 an LINC induziert wird. Zusatzlich konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Signalweg, der die LINC Umlagerung vermittelt, sowohl p53- als auch p21-abhangig ist. p53 negative Zellen konnen nach Schadigung der DNA weder einen G1 Block induzieren noch einen G2 Block langfristig aufrechterhalten. Eine Erklarung fur diese Schwachung des G2 Arrests liefern Daten dieser Arbeit: Da in DNA geschadigten p53 -/- Zellen keine LINC Umlagerung beobachtet werden kann und zusatzlich B-MYB verstarkt an LINC und die Zielpromotoren bindet, kommt es zu einer erhohten G2/M Genexpression. Dies resultiert haufig in einem verfruhten Wiedereintritt in den Zellzyklus („checkpoint adaptation“). Eine Daten-Analyse primarer Brustkrebstumore zeigte auserdem, dass erhohte B-MYB Genexpressionslevel mit einer erhohte Ruckfallgefahr und einer schlechten Prognose korrelieren, was moglicherweise auf die Funktion von B-MYB wahrend der „checkpoint adaptation“ zuruckzufuhren ist. Schlussendlich lassen die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit vermuten, dass die Hemmung der B-MYB Funktion in solchen Tumoren, die p53 Mutationen tragen, die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Behandlungserfolges vergrosern und die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Ruckfalls senken konnte.
Highly supersonic ion pulses in a collisionless magnetized plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The initial transient response of a collisionless plasma to a high positive voltage step is investigated. Four different pulses are observed. An electron plasma wave pulse is followed by an ion burst. The latter is overtaken and absorbed by a highly supersonic ion pulse. Thereafter, an ion rarefaction pulse with roughly the ion acoustic velocity propagates into the other direction. The supersonic pulse is tentatively explained as the result of a transient Buneman instability. Together with the rarefaction pulse, it forms the first cycle of an instability which is customarily considered a current- driven ion acoustic one, but is, in fact, a potential relaxation instability.
Total Synthesis and Bioactivity of 18(R)-Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic Acid

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Resolvins are family of lipid mediators derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are generated during the resolution phase of acute inflammation. Resolvin E1 is biosynthesized from eicosapentaenoic acid via 18(R)-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18R-HEPE) in the Cox-2 and lipoxygenase mediated pathway and has proven to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory activity. We report herein the first total chemical synthesis of 18R-HEPE and demonstrate that this compound displays in vivo bioactivity by blocking neutrophil infiltration in a murine model of zymosan-induced peritonitis.
GEOGRAPHIC LIMITS AND LOCAL ZONATION: THE BARNACLESSEMIBALANUS (BALANUS)ANDCHTHAMALUSIN NEW ENGLAND

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The interactions between the intertidal barnacles Semibalanus (Balanus) balanoides and Chthamalus fragilis were examined in order to determine whether the factors which influence local zonation in the intertidal also contribute to the establishment of geographic limits. Both physical and biotic factors influence intertidal zonation at the northern limit of Chthamalus in New England. On sloping surfaces Semibalanus died at all shore levels higher than mid tide level, apparently as a result of desiccation associated with high summer temperatures. Chthamalus settlement occurred at all shore levels above mean tide level, and postsettlement mortality apparently restricts Chthamalus to high shore locations where Semibalanus growth and survival is inhibited. North of the northern limit of Chthamalus, Semibalanus does not suffer summer heat death, so it occupies the zone where Chthamalus would have a refuge from competition further south. The northern limit of Chthamalus is set not by factors directly related to cold acting on Chthamalus. Rather the northern limit appears to be set by cold which allows the dominant competitor to exclude Chthamalus from its refuge zone. South of the northern limit the competitor, Semibalanus, is excluded from the high shore by high summer temperatures.
The Influence of Welfare Level on Food Security in Farmer Households

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Food security for a country is very important, especially for a country with a very large population like Indonesia. However, Indonesia is still faced with the problem of farmer welfare, most of whom are poor or low-income, which is only around 30% of total family income and a decrease in agricultural production and productivity. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of welfare levels on food security in Indonesia. This study uses quantitative analysis methods with cross-sectional data to determine the main objectives of the study. Data were collected using questionnaires through face-to-face interviews from a random sample of 75 farmer households in Java and Sulawesi. The results of the study showed that the level of farmer welfare was in a fairly high category with the food security of farmer households being quite food secure. The level of farmer welfare has a positive effect on the food security of farmer households. This shows that government policies that focus on improving the welfare status of farmer households in terms of health, material wealth, and farmer knowledge can improve food security.
Oral contraceptive use and the clinical course of Crohn’s disease: a prospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Women with Crohn’s disease are usually advised not to take oral contraceptives, but, unlike smoking, there is no clear association between current oral contraceptive use and more severe disease. AIM To assess the effect of oral contraceptive use on the clinical course of Crohn’s disease. PATIENTS 331 women, aged 16–50 years, with Crohn’s disease and Crohn’s disease activity index <200, were enrolled consecutively during a one year period. Patients were classified at inclusion as oral contraceptive users or non-users and smokers or non-smokers. METHODS A prospective 12–18 month cohort study was used. The main outcome measures were flare up rate and time to flare up. RESULTS In total, 134 women used oral contraceptives, in most cases low oestrogen formulations. During the study period, 61 oral contraceptive users (46%) developed a flare up, compared with 85 non-users (43%). The hazard ratio for oral contraceptive use was 1.11 (95% confidence interval 0.80 to 1.55). Variables associated with flare up were smoking status, recently active disease, baseline Crohn’s disease activity index, and presence of anoperineal lesions. The same results were obtained when the analysis was restricted to patients eligible for a relapse prevention trial. CONCLUSION Unlike smoking, oral contraceptives have no effect on Crohn’s disease activity.
Data from Control of Metastases via Myeloid CD39 and NK Cell Effector Function

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Natural killer (NK) cell protection from tumor metastases is a critical feature of the host immune response to cancer, but various immunosuppression mechanisms limit NK cell effector function. The ectoenzyme, CD39, expressed on tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, granulocytes, and lymphocytes, including NK cells, converts extracellular ATP (eATP) into AMP and, thus, potentially suppresses eATP-mediated proinflammatory responses. A CD39-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) that inhibits the mouse ectoenzyme CD39 suppressed experimental and spontaneous metastases in a number of different tumor models and displayed superior antimetastatic activity compared with the CD39 inhibitor POM1 and inhibitors and mAbs that block other members of the adenosinergic family (e.g., A2AR and CD73). The antimetastatic activity of anti-CD39 was NK cell and IFNγ dependent, and anti-CD39 enhanced the percentage and quantity of IFNγ produced and CD107a expression in lung-infiltrating NK cells following tumor challenge and anti-CD39 therapy. Using conditional <i>Cd39</i> gene–targeted mouse strains and adoptive NK cell transfers, we showed that CD39 expressed on bone marrow–derived myeloid cells was essential for anti-CD39′s antimetastatic activity, but NK cell expression of CD39 was not critical. The eATP receptor P2X7 and the NALP3 inflammasome, including downstream IL18, were critical in the mechanism of action of anti-CD39, and the frequency of P2X7 and CD39 coexpressing lung alveolar macrophages was specifically reduced 1 day after anti-CD39 therapy. The data provide a mechanism of action involving NK cells and myeloid cells, and anti-CD39 combined with anti–PD-1, NK cell–activating cytokines IL15 or IL2, or an inhibitor of A2AR to effectively suppress tumor metastases.</p></div>
Microbiology in burns patients with blood stream infections: trends over time and during the course of hospitalization

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

There is a changing trend in the types of pathogens causing BSI in burns patients over the 14-year period and during the course of hospitalization. The problematic increase in carbapenem-resistance highlights the need for new antimicrobial stewardship policies and antibiotic prescribing protocols.
Dirac field in the five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The authors consider the five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory with a Dirac field coupled to the metric field. As a result, the authors obtain a four-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-Dirac theory with an extra CP violating term. The resultant anomalous electromagnetic dipole moment of the electron is of the order of magnitude of about 10-31 e cm, and may not be detectable by present experimental techniques. However, the mass of the charged Dirac particle is found to be of the order of the Planck mass (10-7 g), so that the Kaluza-Klein theory containing spin-1/2 particles must be rejected.
Combinatorial problems arising from pooling designs for dna library screening

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Colbourn (1999) developed some strategy for nonadaptive group testing when the items are linearly ordered and the positive items form a consecutive subset of all items.
Müller and Jimbo (2004) improved his strategy by introducing the concept of 2-consecutive positive detectable matrices (2CPD-matrix) requiring that all columns and bitwise OR-sum of each two consecutive columns are pairwise distinct. Such a matrix is called maximal if it has a maximal possible number of columns with respect to some obvious constraints. Using a recursive construction they proved the existence of maximal 2CPD-matrices for any column size m ∈ N except for the case m = 3. Moreover, maximal 2CPD-matrices such that each column is of some fixed constant weight are
constructed. This leads to pooling designs, where each item appears in the same number of pools and all pools are of the same size.
Secondly, we investigate 2CPD-matrices of some constant column weight τ ∈ N. We give some recursive construction of such matrices having the maximal possible number of columns.
Thirdly, error correction capability of group testing procedures is essential in view of applications such as DNA library screening. We consider a error correcting 2CPD-matrices.
Toxicities of active constituent isolated from Thymus vulgaris flowers and its structural derivatives against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Insecticidal activity of 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol isolated from Thymus vulgaris oil and its derivatives against Tribolium castaneum adults and larvae were evaluated using contact and fumigant bioassays. To elucidate the structure–activity relationship, 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol and its derivatives were determined. Based on the LD50 values, 2-isopropylphenol was most toxic to T. castaneum adults and larvae, followed by 4-isopropylphenol, 2-methylphenol, 3-methylphenol, and phenol in contact and fumigant bioassays. These results indicate that the introduction of a functional group such as methyl and isopropyl group into the phenol skeleton has an important influence on contact and fumigant toxicities. Furthermore, 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol and its derivatives could be used as an alternative to control stored-grain insects.
EGFR gene mutant tested by high resolution melting method in lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To research EGFR-TKI molecular target therapy by detecting lung cancer EGFR gene mutant with high resolution melting method in different areas of China,and analyze the ratio of mutations type.Methods: To detect gene mutation of EGFR with HRM method in 253 surgical resection paraffin specimens of lung cancer and verify with gene sequencing method.Results: Mutation rate of EGFR gene was 42% in 253 cases with lung cance specimen using HRM method,while the mutation rate was 40% using sequencing method.There was no significant difference between two methods.At the same time,2 cases of T790M mutations,11 cases of multi-point mutations and 2 cases E18 new sites mutations were found using HRM method,there was no significant difference between the rates of the eastern region and the non-eastern region of patients with lung cancer EGFR mutation.The sensitivity of HRM was higher than gene sequencing method,and the specificity of HRM method was 100%.Conclusion: HRM technology has the characteristics of high sensitivity,high accuracy and high specificity.It is simpler and more cost-effective than gene sequencing method.It's necessary to specify the mutations types and to use for clinical EGFR-TKI which can provide important basis for molecular target therapy.EGFR gene mutations of the lung specimen which collect by the labs have no regional variations.
Approximation Schemes for Capacitated Clustering in Doubling Metrics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Motivated by applications in redistricting, we consider the uniform capacitated k-median and uniform capacitated k-means problems in bounded doubling metrics. We provide the first QPTAS for both problems and the first PTAS for the uniform capacitated k-median problem for points in R^2 . This is the first improvement over the bicriteria QPTAS for capacitated k-median in low-dimensional Euclidean space of Arora, Raghavan, Rao [STOC 1998] (1 + ε-approximation, 1 + ε-capacity violation) and arguably the first polynomial-time approximation algorithm for a non-trivial metric.
Bananas in the Mist: Directing Amazing Adventures of the Marvelous Monkey King

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis details -in personal narrative form- the process by which the author directed a production of Elizabeth Wong's Amazing Adventures of the Marvelous Monkey King at Dr. Michael M. Krop Senior High School in Miami, Florida. The following text explains elements of pre-production, presents relevant research associated with the play, describes the production process in detail, and states conclusions drawn by the author about the experience. The work challenged both the ensemble and the director to seek new avenues of expression and theatricality different from those traditionally explored in their respective educational settings.
P4–311: Intravenous immunoglobulin shifts microglial activation state toward anti‐inflammatory activity and reverses beta‐amyloid–mediated LTP inhibition

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its efficacy is currently being tested in mild-to-moderate AD. Earlier studies indicated the presence of anti-A β antibodies in IVIG. This observation and the well documented anti-inflammatory properties of IVIG led to several pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating the potential role of IVIG as a therapeutic agent in AD. In this study we wanted to further characterize the mechanism of action of IVIG in AD. Therefore, we analysed the effects of IVIG on microglial phagocytosis and microglial activation state. Furthermore, we investigated the potential of IVIG to reverse A β-mediated inhibition of Long-Term Potentiation (LTP). We analysed the effects of A β and IVIG on phagocytic activity and activation state of BV-2 microglia by immunocytochemistry, FACS and Luminex. To characterize the effect of IVIG on cognition, LTP assays were performed in mouse hippocampal slice cultures. In this study we show that IVIG increased the phagocytic uptake of A β by BV-2 microglia. The immune-complexed A β was primarily endocytosed via the Fc γ receptor (FcγR). This uptake was accompanied by an upregulation of CD11b, which is indicative of an anti-inflammatory activation of microglia, an increased phagocytic activity and a reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, we found that IVIG completely reversed A β-mediated LTP inhibition. Our results suggest that IVIG has the potential to improve a variety of pathologies linked to AD, including reversal of the inflammatory state of microglial cells which might prevent brain damage caused by oxidative stress, as well as reversal of LTP inhibition, which indicates that IVIG might also have beneficial effects on disturbed cognitive functions observed in AD patients.
Complementary technologies, knowledge relatedness, and invention outcomes in high technology mergers and acquisitions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Prior research on M&As and invention outcomes has not systematically examined the influence of two types of knowledge differences. Knowledge relatedness has typically been equated with knowledge similarity and the separate influence of knowledge complementarity has been overlooked. Similarly, studies examining innovation outcomes of M&As have typically focused on the role of technological knowledge and overlooked the influence of scientific knowledge. We develop a model of relatedness and invention performance of high‐technology M&As that considers science and technology similarity and complementarity as important drivers of invention. We test the model using a sample of M&As from the drug, chemical, and electronics industries and a fine‐grained measure of knowledge relatedness that distinguishes between science and technology relatedness. We find that complementary scientific knowledge and complementary technological knowledge both contribute to post‐merger invention performance by stimulating higher quality and more novel inventions. This suggests that high‐technology firms seeking acquisitions should search for, identify, and acquire businesses that have scientific and technological knowledge that is complementary to their own. Our results also suggest that similarities in knowledge facilitate incremental renewal, while complementarities would make discontinuous strategic transformations more likely, and that absorptive capacity research should be expanded to consider complementarities as well as similarities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.