jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Parameter Variation on Spiral Flow Inducing Cannula Performances

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Spiral flow-inducing cannula has been shown in previous research to exhibit a considerable effect on flow hemodynamic. However, there is still room for improvement. In this study, several design variations were tested to determine which variants were the best in terms of flow reduction. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software was used to simulate flow within a spiral flow-inducing cannula with several variations from chamber width and angle differences. The variants were compared against each other by using several flow parameters and a selection method was employed to determine which model was the best. It was found that a variant that has the widest chamber (14 mm) and biggest angle opening (70°) from the chamber to the cannula tube was the best in several parameters, and as such was chosen as the best variant. When compared with the standard straight cannula, the reduction in flow output was recorded to be 30% which is deemed significantly. In conclusion, spiral flow cannula recorded better hemodynamic effects with lower outflow velocity and wall shear stress value.
Comparing the Politicisation of EU Integration during the Euro and Schengen Crises

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although European integration has become an increasingly salient and controversial topic in domestic politics, the consequences of this politicisation of the European Union for the integration process have not received adequate scholarly attention. To fill this lacuna, this article devises five hypotheses on the effects of politicisation for the integration process, which are subsequently tested against the evidence of the Euro and Schengen crises. Both crises had comparable origins, but the Euro crisis caused substantial deepening of integration, while the Schengen crisis has not engendered any meaningful reforming steps. The empirical analysis finds that politicisation assumed different forms across the two crises, which is shown to be one causal factor that explains the variation in crises outcomes. The article thereby contributes to a multifaceted understanding of the politicisation of international institutions, EU integration theory and the dynamics of the Euro and Refugee crises.
In vitro evaluation of the anti‑breast cancer properties and gene expression profiles of Thai traditional formulary medicine extracts

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Moreover, standard treatments are limited, so new alternative treatments are required. Thai traditional formulary medicine (TTFM) utilizes certain herbs to treat different diseases due to their dominant properties including anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, antigenotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer actions. However, very little is known about the anti-cancer properties of TTFM against breast cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. Therefore, the present study, evaluated the metabolite profiles of TTFM extracts, the anti-cancer activities of TTFM extracts, their effects on the apoptosis pathway and associated gene expression profiles. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy analysis identified a total of 226 compounds within the TTFM extracts. Several of these compounds have been previously shown to have an anti-cancer effect in certain cancer types. The MTT results demonstrated that the TTFM extracts significantly reduced the cell viability of the breast cancer 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Moreover, an apoptosis assay, demonstrated that the TTFM extracts significantly increased the proportion of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, the RNA-sequencing results demonstrated that 25 known genes were affected by TTFM treatment in 4T1 cells. TTFM treatment significantly up-regulated Slc5a8 and Arhgap9 expression compared with untreated cells. Moreover, Cybb, and Bach2os were significantly downregulated after TTFM treatment compared with untreated cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR demonstrated that TTFM extract treatment significantly increased Slc5a8 and Arhgap9 mRNA expression levels and significantly decreased Cybb mRNA expression levels. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of Bax and Casp9 were significantly increased after TTFM treatment in 4T1 cells compared with EpH4-Ev cells. These findings indicated anti-breast cancer activity via induction of the apoptotic process. However, further experiments are required to elucidate how TTFM specifically regulates genes and proteins. This study supports the potential usage of TTFM extracts for the development of anti-cancer drugs.
Improved Equations of the Lagrange Top and Examples of Analytical Solutions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Equations of a heavy rotating body with one fixed point can be deduced starting from a variational problem with holonomic constraints. When applying this formalism to the particular case of a Lagrange top, in the formulation with a diagonal inertia tensor the potential energy has a more complicated form as compared with that assumed in the literature on dynamics of a rigid body. This implies the corresponding improvements in equations of motion. Therefore, we revised this case, presenting several examples of analytical solutions to the improved equations. The case of precession without nutation has a surprisingly rich relationship between the rotation and precession rates, which is discussed in detail.
A STUDY OF PLASMA DIAZEPAM LEVELS IN MOTHER AND INFANT

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary A 10 mg dose of diazepam was given intravenously to mothers at 15 to 205 minutes before delivery, and plasma diazepam concentrations were measured by gas‐liquid chromatography in mothers and infants at delivery and again 24 hours later. The plasma levels in the infants were always significantly higher than in the mothers but there was no evidence to suggest that the newborn were unable to metabolize the drug. All infants had a good Apgar score at birth.
Effect of defoliation interval and height on the growth and quality of Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of defoliation on Amarillo (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo) was studied in a glasshouse and in mixed swards with 2 tropical grasses. In the glasshouse, Amarillo plants grown in pots were subjected to a 30/20C or 25/15C temperature regime and to defoliation at 10-, 20- or 30-day intervals for 60 days. Two field plot studies were conducted on Amarillo with either irrigated kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) in autumn and spring or dryland Pioneer rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) over summer and autumn. Treatments imposed were 3 defoliation intervals (7, 14 and 28 days) and 2 residual heights (5 and 10 cm for kikuyu; 3 and 10 cm for rhodes grass) with extra treatments (56 days to 3 cm for both grasses and 21 days to 5 cm for kikuyu). Defoliation interval had no significant effect on accumulated Amarillo leaf dry matter (DM) at either temperature regime. At the higher temperature, frequent defoliation reduced root dry weight (DW) and increased crude protein (CP) but had no effect on stolon DW or in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD). On the other hand, at the lower temperature, frequent defoliation reduced stolon DW and increased OMD but had no effect on root DW or CP. Irrespective of temperature and defoliation, water-soluble carbohydrate levels were higher in stolons than in roots (4.70 vs 3.65%), whereas for starch the reverse occurred (5.37 vs 9.44%). Defoliating the Amarillo-kikuyu sward once at 56 days to 3 cm produced the highest DM yield in autumn and spring (5832 and 7121 kg/ha DM, respectively), although the Amarillo component and OMD were substantially reduced. Highest DM yields (1726 kg/ha) were also achieved in the Amarillo-rhodes grass sward when defoliated every 56 days to 3 cm, although the Amarillo component was unaffected. In a mixed sward with either kikuyu or rhodes grass, the Amarillo component in the sward was maintained up to a 28-day defoliation interval and was higher when more severely defoliated. The results show that Amarillo can tolerate frequent defoliation and that it can co-exist with tropical grasses of differing growth habits, provided the Amarillo-tropical grass sward is subject to frequent and severe defoliation.
Wellposed convex integral functionals

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Sufficient conditions are obtained for wellposedness of convex minimum problems of the calculus of variations for multiple integrals under strong or weak perturbations of the boundary data. Problems with a unique minimizer as well as problems with several solutions are treated. Wellposedness under weak convergence of the boundary data in W-1,W-p(Omega) is proved if p &gt; 2, and a counterexample is exhibited if p = 2.
Estimating the Future Need of Balancing Power Based on Long-Term Power System Market Simulations

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

With increasing penetration of variable renewable energy sources (vRES) and a higher rate of electrification in the society, there will be future challenges in maintaining a continuous balance between electricity supply and demand. To investigate the possibility of different technologies to provide balancing services, to dimension future balancing services and design technical requirements for future balancing services, the future need of balancing power must first be known. Future power systems are often analysed by performing simulations capturing the energy produced, consumed or transmitted for different power system components with resolution of one trading period (TP), here called TP energy simulations. However, these simulations do not fully capture the continuous intra-TP power balance that must be kept at every time instance. In this paper, we propose a model to perform high-resolution intra-TP simulations to estimate the need of balancing power based on TP energy simulations. The model is applied to the Swedish system operator (SO) Svenska kraftnät's TP energy simulations of a scenario with high vRES penetration and a highly electrified society in year 2045. The results show that a considerable need of balancing power will occur frequently, where faster ramping of components tend to increase the need of balancing power while assuming that the transmission reliability margin (TRM) is used to net imbalances clearly decreases the need of balancing power.
Mechanistic Study of Pb2+ Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Eggshells

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates the impact of eggshell particle size and solid-to-water (s/w) ratio on lead (Pb2+) removal from aqueous solution. Collected raw eggshells were washed, crushed, and sieved into two particle sizes (<150 and 150–500 µm). Batch Pb2+ removal experiments were conducted at different s/w ratios with initial Pb2+ concentrations of up to 70 mg/L. The contribution of precipitation to Pb2+ removal was simulated by quantifying removal using eggshell water, whereas sorbed Pb2+ was quantified by acid digestion. Results indicated that eggshell particle sizes did not affect Pb2+ removal. High removal (up to 99%) of Pb2+ was achieved for low initial Pb2+ concentrations (<30 mg/L) across all s/w ratios studied. However, higher removal capacity was observed at lower s/w ratios. In addition, results confirmed that precipitation played a major role in the removal of Pb2+ by eggshells. Yet, this role decreased as the s/w ratio and initial concentration of Pb2+ increased. A predictive relationship that relates the normalized removal capacity of eggshells to the s/w ratio was developed to potentially facilitate the design of the reactor.
The Numerical Prediction of Developing Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in a Square Duct

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Velocity and temperature profiles were computed for developing turbulent flow in a square duct with constant wall temperature, constant wall heat flux or asymmetric heating. The computations utilized an explicit numerical differencing scheme and an algebraic closure model based upon a three-dimensional mixing length. The computed local and fully-developed shear stresses and heat transfer are shown to be in good agreement with measured data and with predictions using the k–ε closure model.
[Acute muscle weakness: differential diagnoses].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute muscle weakness, a common disorder in pediatrics, can occur from impairment of any part of the motor unit, including the upper motor neuron, lower motor neuron, peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction or muscle. It usually manifests itself as an acute or hyperacute motor disorder of progressive or rapidly progressive course. Acute muscle weakness is a neuromuscular emergency, especially if it affects the respiratory or oropharyngeal musculature. The location of the motor weakness and associated neurological signs and symptoms usually indicate the location of the lesion. The onset, speed and clinical evolution, as well as other data from the patient's history, suggest the pathophysiological differential diagnosis. Successful treatment depends on the immediate and correct differential diagnosis. This paper presents the main differential diagnosis of main neuromuscular diseases that cause acute muscle weakness in children.
Hetero-Metallic {3d-4f-5d} Complexes: Preparation and Magnetic Behavior of Trinuclear [(LMe2Ni−Ln){W(CN)8}] Compounds (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Y; LMe2 = Schiff base) and Variable SMM Characteristics for the Tb Derivative

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Assembling bimetallic {Ni-Ln}(3+) units and {W(CN)(8)}(3-) is shown to be an efficient route toward heteronuclear {3d-4f-5d} compounds. The reaction of either the binuclear [{L(Me2)Ni(H(2)O)(2)}{Ln(NO(3))(3)}] complexes or their mononuclear components [L(Me2)Ni] and Ln(NO(3))(3) with (HNBu(3))(3){W(CN)(8)} in dmf followed by diffusion of tetrahydrofuran yielded the trinuclear [{L(Me2)NiLn}{W(CN)(8)}] compounds 1 (Ln = Y), 2a,b (Gd), 3a,b (Tb), 4 (Dy), 5 (Ho), and 6 (Er) as crystalline materials. All of the derivatives possess the trinuclear core resulting from the linkage of the {W(CN)(8)} to the Ni center of the {Ni-Ln} unit. Differences are found in the solvent molecules acting as ligands and/or in the lattice depending on the crystallization conditions. For all the compounds ferromagnetic {Ni-W} and {Ni-Ln} (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, and Er} interactions are operative resulting in high spin ground states. Parameterization of the magnetic behaviors for the Y and Gd derivatives confirmed the strong cyano-mediated {Ni-W} interaction (J(NiW) = 27.1 and 28.5 cm(-1)) compared to the {Ni-Gd} interaction (J(NiGd) = 2.17 cm(-1)). The characteristic features for slow relaxation of the magnetization are observed for two Tb derivatives, but these are modulated by the crystal phase. Analysis of the frequency dependence of the alternating current susceptibility data yielded U(eff)/k(B) = 15.3 K and tau(0) = 4.5 x 10(-7) s for one derivative whereas no maxima of chi(M)'' appear above 2 K for the second one.
Patentometric analysis of finance patents filed in the USPTO.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

By using the US patent data, this dissertation studies the recent surge in finance patents. Until recently, patenting of financial innovations was considered impossible as the financial innovations were treated as business methods and this changed in 1998, when the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit's (CAFC) decision on the State Street Bank & Trust Co. versus Signature Financial Group case removed the judicially created "business method" exception. The profound changes in the patentability of financial innovations may address the concerns on the rapid imitations of financial innovation and the recent surge in patent infringement litigations create a fear that it could upset the natural ecosystem of financial services industry, which had evolved without a strong intellectual property regime.
Vocational rehabilitation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Work is a fundamental human right and a key element in quality of life, yet only a minority of people with a neurological condition return to, remain in, or attain work. A range of factors are associated with work for people with specific neurological conditions. Vocational rehabilitation (VR) to address key vocational needs are outlined (i.e. vocational assessment, return to work, preparation for alternative work, transition from education to employment, and long-term job retention), illustrated by examples. Specialist VR programmes typically report positive outcomes. However, there is a need for more controlled studies to evaluate the effectiveness of VR in addition to core neurorehabilitation and the added value of specialist as opposed to generic VR provision. There is also a pressing need for neurorehabilitation and VR services to prioritize unmet vocational needs, generate practice-based evidence, and provide evidence of cost-effectiveness.
A Rhetorical Construction of Masculinities in the Letter of Jude

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It seems that the author of the Letter of Jude's honour and authority was challenged by certain men in the Christian faith community, and therefore the letter should be read as a retort to an honour challenge. In his defence, Jude claims a certain honour because of his blood ties to "James" and by being a "servant" of Jesus Christ. He also uses both the authoritative faith tradition entrusted to the apostles and the authoritative written tradition to position himself. Central to his claim of honour and authority is the exercise of power and dominance; these concepts are central to the notion of hegemonic masculinity, which guarantees the dominant position of particular men, and the subordination of women and other men. This identity of Jude derives from his participation in the faith community and from interactions with other men, based on competition. His opponents, as the other men, are forced into a position of subordination by offensive or derogatory language used to describe men whose behaviour, appearance, or speech is considered typical of that which is traditionally associated with women. Effeminate men represent the most fundamental failure of true or idealised masculinity. Yet Jude encourages the community to display behaviour of a conspicuously moral quality, which will give them a different identity. In this way, the text of Jude continuously constructs, deconstructs and reconstructs the masculine characteristics of the first-century Mediterranean world. The aim of this study is to investigate the rhetorical construction of multiple patterns of performative masculinities in the text of Jude.
Tocopherol contents in confectioneries on the market.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ビスケット・クッキー9種,クラッカー・スナック菓子13類,パイ・ケーキ4種,チョコレート5種および米菓子3種のToc同族体・PUFA量およびPOV値を分析した。ビスケット・クッキーは穀類胚芽添加やビタミンE強化製品も多くα-Toc 0.75～6.79(x:2.09)mg%,総Toc 0.07～18.24(x:4.76)mg%, PUFAの平均含量は2.41g%でα-TocのPUFAに対する割合は平均して0.85であった。クラッカー・スナック菓子のToc同族体量は「揚げ菓子」「オイル掛」か「焼き菓子」であるかで,又穀類胚芽添加やビタミンE強化などの製造法により著しい差がみられ,α-Toc 0.30～25.55(x:5.03)mg%,総Toc 0.94～45.02(x:8.59)mg%でPUFAは平均して8.06g%となりα-Toc/PUFA比は平均して0.60であった。パイ・ケーキはα-体2.11～2.90(x:2.61)mg%,総Toc 4.53～6.86(x:5.95)mg%でPUFAは平均して4.83g%でα-Toc/PUFA比は0.63となった。パイ・ケーキにも抗酸化剤としてα-Tocの添加が伺えた。チョコレートのα-体量は0.33～0.55(x:0.43)mg%で,総Tocは3.33～4.11(x:3.33)mg%であった。PUFAの割合は6.4%と少くないが脂肪量が多いのでPUFA量は2.34g%となり,α-Toc/PUFAは平均して0.21となった。米菓子は分析例が少ないがα-Toc 0.33～10.0(x:4.83)mg%,総Toc 0.53～12.38(x:7.77)mg%,PUFAは0.81～8.47(x:5.80)g%でα-Toc/PUFAは0.71であった。どの菓子類もPOV値は制限値よりも低い値であった。洋干菓子中の高油脂含量菓子類は抗酸化剤として天然Tocやdl-α-Tocの使用がなされていることが明らかであり,又穀類胚芽添加やビタミンE強化菓子類の製造販売も多くみられ,α-Toc供給食品のひとつといえそうである。
Digital competence of employees and the value of human resources in the development strategy of enterprises

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The article looks at the resource approach to strategy of development of enterprises in which priority attention should be given to formation, use and development of its human resources. When passing the administrative decisions the management of the enterprises should consider employees as the most valuable resource in competitive which is necessary to motivate and develop for achievement of strategic purposes of the enterprise. The purpose of the study was to conduct research of the industrial enterprises of St. Petersburg, which allowed to identify a number of problems associated with insufficient attention from the management to human resources of organizations. In addition, the objective was to substantiate the importance of developing digital skills and competencies of modern employees, as well as digital competencies. In modern conditions development of human resources, including their digital competences in line with new tasks of strategic development of the enterprises, becomes a particularly important direction.
Evaluation of the IMPACT blood pressure program.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To evaluate the incremental effectiveness of a work-site blood pressure control program, we conducted a randomized, controlled trial at four work sites with established health promotion programs. Workers with blood pressures of 140/90 mm Hg or higher were eligible. Eighty subjects were assigned to receive a referral to a community physician, monthly 10-minute work-site counseling sessions including blood pressure readings, and personalized mailings, whereas 79 control subjects received only a physician referral. Results for 74 intervention and 71 control subjects were obtained after 1 year. As compared with control subjects, intervention subjects experienced average declines of 8.5/3.9 mm Hg. Adjusted for age, sex, and baseline blood pressure, the decreases were 7.6 mm Hg for systolic and 2.4 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure. These results suggest that counseling of high-risk persons and personalized mailing programs can have an incremental benefit in controlling blood pressure.
Newton–Raphson algorithm for the reliable solution of large power networks with embedded FACTS devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new and efficient algorithm for the reliable load flow solution of power network branches controlled by flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) is presented. General admittance-based models are given for series compensators, phase-shifters and tap-changers. Their inclusion in a Newton–Raphson load flow exhibiting quadratic convergence is described and the prowess of the algorithm is demonstrated by comparison with production-grade load flow programs where the state variables of the controllable devices are updated at the end of each Newton–Raphson iteration. Control coordination and initialisation strategies for the controlled branches and nodes have been thoroughly investigated.
Study on the Production of Activated Carbon using Chinese Cabbage

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, the demand of activated carbon has been increasing steadily because of the environmental problems. Among them waste and water treatment and removal of poisonous gas were invorved. Therefore, in this study, activated carbon was made from the waste chinese cabbage and measured the iodine adsorption ability, carbonization yield, and activation yield of the produced activated carbon. The result showed that the carbonization yield was decreased when carbonization temperature was increaed and that the optimal carbonization temperature was . The optimal concentration of NaOH for removing ash in the raw sample was 1~2N. The range of iodine adsorption number of activated carbon using chinese cabbage at . carbonization was 610.82mg/g to 1019.58mg/g. The activation result of carbonization sample showed that the optimal activation condition was the carbonization at and the activation at. So the production of activated carbon using chinese cabbage was possible in the aspect of reuse of resource and decrease of environmental pollution compared to the commercial activated carbon.