jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chemotaxonomy of Aster species from the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau based on metabolomics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The genus Aster plants have been widely used for thousands of years in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau for the clearing of heat, detoxification, and the treatment of seasonal pandemic diseases. Although the presence of several flavonoid compounds in Aster has been reported by previous studies, the diversity of secondary metabolites within and among species is relatively unknown. Objective The metabolite profile of one Aster species was systematically compared with those of other taxa to find potential chemotaxonomic markers, delimit species, and assess chemodiversity. Method Samples of the above‐ground parts of 11 Aster species were collected and their metabolites were analysed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. Unsupervised principal component analysis, supervised orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis, heatmap analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis were employed to analyse 95 representative samples from 11 Aster species and determine species‐specific chemical markers based on a metabolomics database. Results Six phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected and quantified in all Aster species, suggesting that these compounds may be common constituents in the Aster genus. Metabolite analysis showed terpenoid compounds to be potential chemical markers for interspecies differentiation. Ent‐ kaurane‐type diterpenoid glycosides were the main class of compounds in all Aster species except for A. farreri , which mainly contained oleanane‐type pentacyclic triterpenoids. Diterpenoid glycosides were low‐content chemotaxonomic markers and were detected for the first time in Aster species from the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Conclusion Chemotaxonomy and metabolomics were used to support the phylogenic relationships of the Aster genus.
Optimized method for extracting membrane proteins from the myocardium and its application in the detection of connexin 43 expression changes under myocardial ischemia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To establish optimized method for extracting membrane proteins from the myocardium which will facilitate the study of connexin 43 expression under myocardial ischemia. Methods ① The method that combined differential centrifuging and solvent adding was applied in extracting membrane proteins from the myocardium. Six strategies for solubilizing membrane proteins were compared through PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electropheresis) to establish optimized method. The expression of membrane proteins was detected. ② By the treatment of left coronary artery occlusion, acute myocardial ischemia occurred in rats in four groups: control, 5min ischemia, 20min ischemia, and 60min ischemia. The expression of connexin 43 according to ischemia time course. Results ① We found that radioimmunoprecipitation (RIPA) buffer containing 4% SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) was the optimized recipe to solubilize membrane proteins. Through immunoblotting, connexin 43, β-actin, and M receptors (muscarinic acetylcholine receptors) were successfully detected. ② The quantity of connexin 43 in the four groups decreased respectively following the ischemic time course. The percentage of decreasing in each ischemia group compared to that of the control group was 20%, 60% and 76%, respectively. Conclusion We have established the optimized method for extracting membrane proteins from the myocardium which will contribute to the study of connexin 43 expression under myocardial ischemia.
IDDF2018-ABS-0162 Altered gut microbiota in experimental mouse models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease worldwide and is thought to be strongly associated with gut microbiota. Several diet models were therefore built in mice to try to clarify the molecular mechanisms. However, how and to what extent these diet models alter the composition of the gut microbiota have not yet been clearly elucidated.

Methods

In this study, we developed three mouse models of NAFLD using methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet, high-fat (HF) diet, and choline-deficient- high-fat (CD-HF) diet, evaluated the severity of steatohepatitis and sequenced the faecal bacteria by targeting 16 S V4-V6 regions on Illumina MiSeq using PE 300 reagents.

Results

Histological scores showed that MCD induced the severest steatohepatitis, followed by HF and CD-HF diets. Based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at cutoff of 97% similarity, there were significant (PERMANOVA, p=0.001) differences in overall gut bacterial communities among MCD, HF, CD-HFD, and the Control, forming three major clusters in PCA ordination with HF and CD-HF groups more similar (figure 1). Furthermore, α-diversity of HF and CD-HF groups, including observed OTU numbers, Shannon index, and Pielou evenness were significantly (ANOVA, p<0.05) higher than the Control and MCD group. Overall, mouse gut bacteria were mainly composed of Fimicutes (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Clostridiaceae) and Bacteroidetes (S24–7, Porphyromonadaceae). More specifically, Ruminococcus was significantly reduced in the three NAFLD models than the Control and was identified as the biomarker of NAFLD in LEfSe analysis. More biomarkers at genus level (Lachnospira, S24–7, etc.) were identified in pairwise comparison of one mice model with the Control.

Conclusions

In summary, the composition of gut microbiota varied remarkably between mice administrated different experimental diets to induce non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Preparation and sustained release bacteriostatic performance of pH-responsive complex hydrogel bacteriostatic microspheres for oral drug delivery

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

AbstractpH-responsive hydrogel antibacterial microspheres were prepared by complex coacervation method and used as drug carriers to load the antibiotic substitute potassium diformate (KDF). The results showed that the three-dimensional network structure of the composite hydrogel was formed among the polysaccharide components, and Zeolite A loaded with KDF was uniformly dispersed in it. The results of drug release behavior and kinetics in vitro showed that the drug release rate was higher and the release mechanism followed the Ritger-Peppas model, which indicated that the antibacterial microspheres had a good pH response. In vitro, the carrier showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, good biocompatibility, and degradability.Sodium carboxymethylcellulose and pectin synergistic by hydrogen bonding, potassium dicarboxylate-loaded Zeolite A is filled in a three-dimensional hydrogel network, and chitosan quaternary ammonium salts coat the outer layer.Keywords: pH stimulus responsepotassium diformateslow release bacteriostasisZeolite A Authors' contributionsWenqin Xu: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Visualization, Software, Writing–original draft, Writing—review and editing. Xing Li: Data Curation, Writing—review and editing. Xianmei Wu: Formal analysis, Writing—review and editing. Guanghua Pan: Software, Writing—review and editing. Nanchun Chen: Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Xiuli Wang: Validation, Writing—review and editing. Qinglin Xie: Visualization, Writing—review and editing.Disclosure statementThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51564008, 51978189).
Self-Regulated learning and the use of Information and communications technology in Norwegian Teacher education : the project ICT as a factor of change in teacher education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

I denne rapporten drøfter forfatterne norsk allmennlærerutdanning med spesiell vekt på de oppfatningene om læring og undervisning som kommer til uttrykk i rammeplanen for utdanningen. Spesielt tar de opp den sterke satsingen på å fremme selvregulert læring gjennom økt bruk av informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi (IKT) i lærerutdanningen. Forfatterne redegjør for forskning som kan tyde på at norsk lærerutdanning preges av tradisjonelle lærings- og undervisningsformer til tross for en slik satsing, og de drøfter i hvilken grad økt bruk av IKT i seg selv egentlig kan bidra til nye former for læring og undervisning. De beskriver og analyserer så innovasjonsprosjektet "IKT som endringsfaktor i allmennlærerutdanningen", hvor bruken av IKT og studentansvar for kunnskapskonstruksjon var tenkt å gjennomsyre alle deler av studiet. Basert på en ekstern evaluering av dette prosjektet, som forfatterne foretok under det først studieåret, argumenterer de for at tilgang til ny teknologi må kobles sammen med direkte støtte til studentenes selvregulering og samarbeidsferdigheter, dersom teknologien virkelig skal bidra til å endre det som foregår i studentenes klasserom.
Konwencjonalne i emocjonalne w poezji Małgorzaty Hillar

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Text, showing the most important ways in the 20th century to think about poetry, refers to modernist epiphany (Ryszard Nycz). On the example of Małgorzata Hillar’s poetry, the author shows the inadequacy of this concept. It focused on the linguistic aspect of transmitting emotions, bypassing their bodily sensations. The recent studies on the relationship between emotions and language also allow to present a relationship with language and poetry. Recent studies on the relationship between emotions and language also allow us to otherwise present the relationship between language and poetry.
A comparison of two takeoff and climb out flap retraction standard operating procedures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Takeoff and climb out flap retraction is a procedure that is conducted following takeoff to retract the flaps and slats from a takeoff configuration to a clean-up-and-away configuration. During this period the aircraft accelerates from the takeoff V2 speed to 250 knots and generally includes a thrust reduction from the takeoff thrust setting to the climb thrust setting. Timing of the flap retraction is critical to avoid overspeed or underspeed. Also, due to the vicinity of terrain and traffic, the aircraft performance and airspace must be carefully monitored while staying responsive to Air Traffic Control voice communication. As a result the design and certification of these procedures must resolve multiple conflicting objectives. This paper describes a formal analysis of alternate takeoff flap retraction procedures for the BAE 146 (Avro) aircraft. One procedure requires a "callout" by the Pilot Flying (PF) for each stage of flap retraction. The other procedure delegates flap retraction to the Pilot Monitoring (PM). A formal analysis of the procedures using the Human Machine Interaction Sequence Diagram (HMI-SD) method yielded equal utility. Overall, the Callout procedure is more robust to interruption and provides a better shared mental model between the crew members. However, the Delegate procedure can be completed on average 4.5 seconds faster providing more time for monitoring or performing other tasks. The implications and limitations of the formal procedure analysis is discussed.
Linkage of blood glucose, insulin and insulin resistance with excessive body weight in patients with abdominal malignancies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. There is evidence that different types of malignancies may have associations with diabetes mellitus (DM) and changes in carbohydrates metabolism. Other metabolic disorders like obesity may further influence management and patients’ follow-up. There are multiple connections between both metabolism disorders and abdominal malignancies (AM). They may result from slightly different mechanisms with up to 80 % of patients with pancreatic cancer had DM. The purpose was to study the clinical and pathogenetic implications of the glucose metabolism in patients with abdominal malignancies and excessive body weight. Materials and methods. This cohort-based observational study involves a total of 151 patients with AM divided into study (n = 121, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) and control (n = 30, BMI ≤ 29 kg/m2) groups. The diagnosis, staging, prevalence of the process, and concomitant pathology, anthropometric and statistical parameters were analyzed, and carbohydrate metabolism indicators such as blood glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR were assessed. Results. The presence of AM did not significantly influence the blood glucose concentration. The mean value of glucose in study group in patients with excessive body weight was 1.46 times (P = 0.014) higher compared to control group with BMI ≤ 29 kg/m2 depicting present changes in carbohydrates metabolism in these patients. While insulin did not differ between groups, HOMA-IR value was 1.57 times (P = 0.023) higher in study group patients. Conclusions. Changes of carbohydrate metabolism mark the difference between obese and non-obese patients with abdominal malignancies and may be considered an important clinical factor in potentially aggravating the overall condition of the patients and increasing the risk of postoperative complications and treatment failure. Therefore, it is plausible to consider consultation of the specialized endocrinologist in obese AM patients or the routine inclusion of such specialist into the general cancer team.
Six-oof haptic interaction with fluids, solids, and their transitions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Haptic interaction with different types of materials in the same scene is a challenging task, mainly due to the specific coupling mechanisms that are usually required for either fluid, deformable or rigid media. Dynamically-changing materials, such as melting or freezing objects, present additional challenges by adding another layer of complexity in the interaction between the scene and the haptic proxy. In this paper, we address these issues through a common simulation framework, based on Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics, and enable haptic interaction simultaneously with fluid, elastic and rigid bodies, as well as their melting or freezing. We introduce a mechanism to deal with state changes, allowing the perception of haptic feedback during the process, and a set of dynamic mechanisms to enrich the interaction through the proxy. We decouple the haptic and visual loops through a dual GPU implementation. An initial evaluation of the approach is performed through performance and feedback measurements, as well as a small user study assessing the capability of users to recognize the different states of matter they interact with.
Effectiveness of Sandals Combined with Physical Therapy Versus Physical Therapy Alone on Pain and Function in Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Recent evidence suggests that appropriate footwear can facilitate recovery in individuals with plantar fasciitis. This study evaluated the effectiveness of combining arch-supportive, shock-absorbing flip-flop sandals with physical therapy (PT) compared to PT alone in treating plantar fasciitis. Methods: Sixty-six participants aged 20–60 years with normal body mass index and plantar fasciitis (median symptom duration = 6 months) were randomised into either an intervention group (n = 33; PT plus sandals) or a control group (n = 33; PT alone). Both groups received eight weeks of PT and home exercises. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline, four weeks, and eight weeks and included pain-related parameters, pressure pain threshold, the Foot Function Index, and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale. The global rating of change was evaluated at weeks four and eight. Results: Both groups demonstrated significant improvements across all outcome measures (P < 0.001). A significant time × group interaction was observed for first-step post-inactivity pain (F = 3.238, P = 0.042), with the intervention group showing greater improvement (mean reduction: 3.71 points, d = 2.01) compared to controls (mean reduction: 2.82 points, d = 1.30). Improvements in all other outcome measures were comparable between the groups. Conclusion: While PT effectively improves plantar fasciitis symptoms, adding sandals provided significantly greater improvement in first-step post-inactivity pain. Further large-scale trials with extended follow-up are warranted to confirm these findings and assess long-term efficacy.
DNA sequence associated with chromosome translocations in mouse plasmacytomas.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A DNA sequence that generates aberrantly rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region genes in murine plasmacytomas is shown to participate in a chromosome translocation. We have previously termed this DNA sequence NIARD for non-immunoglobulin-associated rearranging DNA. NIARD rearrangements were found frequently in murine plasmacytomas but were not detected in normal lymphocytes. These rearrangements occasionally involve the switch region of the C alpha gene. In this study, DNA samples obtained from mouse-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrid lines were digested with various restriction endonucleases and analyzed by the Southern transfer technique with a NIARD hybridization probe. These experiments show that NIARD resides on chromosome 15 in the mouse germ line. Since NIARD is found adjacent to the C alpha gene (located on chromosome 12) in some plasmacytomas, it is apparent that a translocation involving these two chromosomes has occurred. We have proposed a rcpT(12;15) model to explain our data. The implications of NIARD rearrangements for malignant transformation are discussed.
Cross-correlated chemical shift modulation: A signature of slow internal motions in proteins

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A novel NMR expt. allows one to characterize slow motion in macromols. The method exploits the fact that motions, such as rotation about dihedral angles, induce correlated fluctuations of the isotropic chem. shifts of the nuclei in the vicinity. The relaxation of two-spin coherences involving Ca and Cb nuclei in proteins provides information about correlated fluctuations of the isotropic chem. shifts of Ca and Cb. The difference between the relaxation rates of double- and zero-quantum coherences C+a C+b and C+a C-b is shown to be affected by cross-correlated chem. shift modulation. In ubiquitin, evidence for slow motion is found in loops or near the ends of b-strands and a-helixes. [on SciFinder (R)]
[Experience of surgical treatment of webbed penis in children].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The webbed penis (WP) belongs to a rare and little-known defect of the external genitalia. The term denotes the penis of normal for age size hidden in the adjacent scrotal and pubic tissues. The authors describe clinical symptoms of the disease, consider anatomomorphological features underlying development of the WP, propose the WP classification including three basic clinical forms of this malformation, outline principles of diagnosis and differential diagnosis with the conditions associated with a small-size penis, analyze surgical treatment of 30 boys with WP, surgical techniques in each form of the disease with adjustment for anatomic features, provide follow-up outcomes in the treated patients.
The perfect model

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose of this paper Reviews the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoints practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings One of the interesting comparisons between startups and larger, more established businesses is the extent to which they spend time thinking about how they do business. For a startup, almost every second of every day is spent focusing on who is buying what, when and how; whether they can scale up or pivot if necessary to access another market. For bigger corporations, it isn’t like they don’t think about that as well, but the relative time they spend on it gets less and less the more they grow. This is not good or bad, it’s just a natural progression when an organization increases in size. Practical implications Provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. What is original/value of paper? The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Teaching through Narrative.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Story telling in its most basic form is a means by which a culture passes onto the next generation what they have found to be useful, to be of value, or to be good. Curriculum can be understood as a certain way of telling a story about the world. By contextualising units of work within a narrative, lessons become more meaningful, dynamic and engaging for the learner. This paper will explore the importance of narrative as a delivery system for curriculum and will unpack the Story Form Model through the identification of binary opposites and the organising of content into narrative form. OUTLINE:  Introduction  The problem with education –Have we lost the plot?  Why Narrativethe story so far  Curriculum –poetic license or scripted control  Implications for Implementation  Once Upon a Time: Towards a Model  Limitations of Narrative  Recommendation for further research  Conclusion LIST OF TERMS:  Content –suggested activities from a course syllabus to deliver its mandatory outcomes  Course –an individual Key Learning Area e.g. Mathematics  Curriculum –state or nationally prescribed outcomes / content for all Key Learning Areas or subjects  Narrative –movement of characters through time following the structure of orientationcomplication-resolution  Outcome –individual descriptor of student achievement. An indicator that content has been achieved (as identified in syllabus)  Syllabus –curriculum for an individual Key Learning Area e.g. Mathematics  Teaching Program –a detailed running sheet created by teachers outlining how they intend to comply with the requirements of the syllabus document in meeting mandatory outcomes and content  Unit of Work – sequence of lessons covering a single topic. May continue for several days or weeks e.g. Decimals
A Cluster-Based Browsing Model For QoS-Aware Web Service Selection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the last decade, selecting suitable web services based on users’ requirements has become one of the major subjects in the web service domain. Any research works have been done - either based on functional requirements, or focusing more on Quality of Service (QoS) - based selection. We believe that searching is not the only way to implement the selection. Selection could also be done by browsing, or by a combination of searching and browsing. In this thesis, we propose a browsing method based on the Scatter/Gather model, which helps users gain a better understanding of the QoS value distribution of the web services and locate their desired services. Because the Scatter/Gather model uses cluster analysis techniques and web service QoS data is best represented as a vector of intervals, or more generically a vector of symbolic data, we apply for symbolic clustering algorithm and implement different variations of the Scatter/Gather model. Through our experiments on both synthetic and real datasets, we identify the most efficient ( based on the processing time) and effective implementations.