jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Differentially Expressed Conserved Plant Vegetative Phase-Change-Related microRNAs in Mature and Rejuvenated Silver Birch In Vitro Propagated Tissues

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In plants, phase change from the juvenile stage to maturity involves physiological and anatomical changes, which are initiated and controlled by evolutionary highly conserved microRNAs. This process is of particular significance for the in vitro propagation of woody plant species, as individuals or tissues that have undergone the transition to vegetative maturity are recalcitrant to propagation. Conserved miRNAs differentially expressed between juvenile (including rejuvenated) and mature silver birch tissues were identified using high-throughput sequencing of small RNA libraries. Expression of some miR156 isoforms was high in juvenile tissues and has been previously reported to regulate phase transitions in a range of species. Additional miRNAs, such as miR394 and miR396, that were previously reported to be highly expressed in juvenile woody plant tissues were also differentially expressed in this study. However, expression of miR172, previously reported to be highly expressed in mature tissues, was low in all sample types in this study. The obtained results will provide insight for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms regulating vegetative phase change in silver birch and other perennial woody plant species, by analysing a wider range of genotypes, tissue types and maturation stages. This knowledge can potentially assist in identification of rejuvenated material at an earlier stage than currently possible, increasing the efficiency of silver birch in vitro propagation.
Elevation of superoxide in vascular smooth muscle cells restores oxyhemoglobin‐inhibited NO‐mediated vasodilation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Previously, we have demonstrated that extracellular oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) can reduce nitric oxide (NO) uptake by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, a small amount of superoxide (O 2 − ) in VSMCs can counteract the oxyHb effect and increase NO uptake for cGMP production. In the present study, we examined whether this phenomenon can be observed in an intact microvessel system for vasomotor regulation. Porcine coronary arterioles were isolated and pressurized for in vitro study. Intraluminal administration of 4‐μM oxyHb attenuated NO‐mediated vasodilation to serotonin. Extraluminal administration of a low concentration (0.1 nM) of angiotensin II (Ang II, 15 min incubation) did not alter resting vascular tone but selectively increased O 2 − in VSMCs. The serotonin‐induced vasodilation was restored in the presence of Ang II, and this reversal effect was abolished after treating vessels with O 2 − scavenger TEMPOL (0.1 mM). Similarly, pretreatment of Ang II increased VSMCs cGMP level in a co‐culture system in which endothelial cells were cultivated in the insert containing oxyHb and challenged with serotonin. The increased VSMC cGMP was abolished in the presence of TEMPOL. These results suggest that O 2 − in VSMCs can compete with lumenal oxyHb for cellular NO uptake and thus may play an important role in NO‐mediated vasomotor regulation when endogenous O 2 − level is moderately increased in VSMCs.
Recent advances in metal carcinogenesis.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Recent advances in metal carcinogenesis are comprehensively reviewed, including (a) epidemiological and clinical aspects, (b) carcinogenesis bioassays, (c) bacterial mutagenesis, (d) mammalian cell mutagenesis, (e) chromosomal damage, (f) mammalian cell transformation, (g) microsomal metabolism, (h) DNA strandbreaks and crosslinks, (i) DNA polymerase infidelity, (j) RNA strand initiation, and (k) helical transition of B-DNA to Z-DNA. Based upon these observations, several hypotheses are proposed for the molecular pathogenesis of carcinogenesis by metal compounds. These hypotheses are amenable to experimental test by existing techniques of molecular biology.
Impact of a Video on Weight Bias in Medical Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Nearly two-thirds of the US population is considered overweight or obese. Primary care physicians play a key role in addressing this crisis. However, their negative attitudes and beliefs about patients with obesity impact critical treatment outcomes. Weight stigma is prevalent and reinforced throughout medical school and residency training, and in this intensive learning environment, social and psychological considerations can be easily ignored. This study examined outcomes from the Causal Attributions Scale and Beliefs about Obese Persons Scale for third- and fourth-year medical students 85 who viewed a brief control video medical condition without stigma (control group) vs. a video about obesity stigma (educational intervention group) in a medical practice. No significant differences were found between groups on The Causal Attributions Scale (p > 0.05). However, significant differences between intervention and control group were found on The Beliefs about Obese Persons Scale (p < 0.05); specifically, the intervention group more commonly reported endorsed that obesity was not in the control of the individual. Year- in-program, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were associated with outcomes. Computer-based learning variables were found instrumental for future instructional design research that targets stigma in healthcare.
On time to buffer saturation in a GI/M/1/N-type queue

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A GI/M/1/N-type queueing system with independent and generally distributed interarrival times and exponential service times is investigated. A system of equations for conditional distributions of the time to the first buffer saturation is built. The solution is written using a special-type sequence defined by ``input'' distributions of the system. The formula of total probability is used to derive a representation for the distribution of the time to the $k$th buffer saturation for k>=2. Moreover, special cases of the Poisson arrival process and the system with one-place buffer are discussed. Sample numerical results for the 3-Erlang and deterministic distributions of interarrival times are attached as well.
Long-time existence of classical solutions to a 1-D swelling gel

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we derived a model which describes the swelling dynamics of a gel and study the system in one-dimensional geometry with a free boundary. The governing equations are hyperbolic with a weakly dissipative source. Using a mass-Lagrangian formulation, the free-boundary is transformed into a fixed-boundary. We prove the existence of long time, continuously differentiable solutions to the transformed fixed boundary problem.
Intensive intravenous regimen for membranous colitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim—To test the hypothesis that, because the human papillomavirus (HPV) E2 protein represses viral early gene transcription, E2 gene sequence variation or disruption could play a part in the induction of the numerical chromosome abnormalities that have been described in squamous cervical lesions. Methods—The integrity and sequence of the E2 gene from 11 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 lesions and 14 invasive squamous cell carcinomas, all of which contained HPV-16, were analysed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The E2 gene was amplified in three overlapping fragments and PCR products sequenced directly. Chromosome abnormalities were identified by interphase cytogenetics using chromosome specific probes for chromosomes 1, 3, 11, 17, 18, and X. Results—E2 gene disruption was present in significantly more invasive carcinomas (eight of 14) than CIN 3 lesions (one of 11) (p = 0.03). No association was found between E2 disruption and the presence of a numerical chromosome abnormality. The E2 gene from the non-disrupted isolates was sequenced and wild-type (n = 5) and variant (n = 11) sequences identified. Variant sequences belonged to European and African classes and contained from one to 15 amino acid substitutions. Although numerical chromosome abnormalities were significantly more frequent in invasive squamous cell carcinoma than CIN 3 (p = 0.04), there was no significant relation between the presence of sequence variation and either histological diagnosis or chromosome abnormality. Conclusions—These data do not support the hypothesis that E2 gene disruption or variation is important in the induction of chromosome imbalance in these lesions. However, there is a relation between E2 gene disruption and the presence of invasive disease.
Solution Structures of the C-Terminal Domain of Cardiac Troponin C Free and Bound to the N-Terminal Domain of Cardiac Troponin I,

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The N-terminal domain of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) comprising residues 33-80 and lacking the cardiac-specific amino terminus forms a stable binary complex with the C-terminal domain of cardiac troponin C (cTnC) comprising residues 81-161. We have utilized heteronuclear multidimensional NMR to assign the backbone and side-chain resonances of Ca2+-saturated cTnC(81-161) both free and bound to cTnI(33-80). No significant differences were observed between secondary structural elements determined for free and cTnI(33-80)-bound cTnC(81-161). We have determined solution structures of Ca2+-saturated cTnC(81-161) free and bound to cTnI(33-80). While the tertiary structure of cTnC(81-161) is qualitatively similar to that observed free in solution, the binding of cTnI(33-80) results mainly in an opening of the structure and movement of the loop region between helices F and G. Together, these movements provide the binding site for the N-terminal domain of cTnI. The putative binding site for cTnI(33-80) was determined by mapping amide proton and nitrogen chemical shift changes, induced by the binding of cTnI(33-80), onto the C-terminal cTnC structure. The binding interface for cTnI(33-80), as suggested from chemical shift changes, involves predominantly hydrophobic interactions located in the expanded hydrophobic pocket. The largest chemical shift changes were observed in the loop region connecting helices F and G. Inspection of available TnC sequences reveals that these residues are highly conserved, suggesting a common binding motif for the Ca2+/Mg2+-dependent interaction site in the TnC/TnI complex.
The Role of Electrical Cardiometry in Paediatrics and Neonatal Anaesthesia and Intensive Care: A Narrative Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Invasive hemodynamic monitoring could be challenging among pediatrics, particularly infants and new-borns. This current narrative review aims to discuss and present the published literature that addresses the optimal use and validity of the electrical cardiometry (EC) device among pediatrics. This is a non-invasive continuous cardiac output and hemodynamic monitor that measures the electrical transthoracic bioimpedance. Literature search focused on PubMed (MEDLINE), Saudi Digital library (SDL), and Google Scholar database between 2010 and 2022. English language studies were included only. The retrieved data were peer-reviewed manuscripts, including print publications and case presentations. This review provided evidence that EC monitoring among the pediatrics age group was able to track CO changes over the time (Trend). However, EC absolute values for CO were interchangeable with the CO measurements derived from the thermodilution technique in some studies and were not interchangeable in some others. The variation in clinical conditions and surgical procedures affected the performance EC CO. In specific clinical scenarios, EC CO trend changes proved to be of extreme help during transportations and in operating rooms during PDA ligation. The EC technology is easy to use and is an addition for future developments in monitoring, particularly for the pediatric age group. More studies are recommended to improve further the precision of the absolute CO measurements and to study the impact of the EC on short- and long-term clinical outcomes.
Improvement of Performance Management and Rewards System in a Non-Profit Organization in Indonesia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper analyses the current Performance Management and Rewards system in a non-profit organization in Indonesia that is undergoing significant change and aims to achieve its ambitious goals in the next 5 years. This research utilizes primary data in the form of interviews with staff in various positions in the organization, and secondary data in the form of organizational documents, employing qualitative methodology with thematic analysis. To evaluate the effectiveness of the current system, established frameworks from previous researches were used, with slight modifications to align with the organizational environment as a nonprofit organization. The results indicate several critical gaps, such as a lack of rewards differentiation for high performance, concerns with the current “rating-less evaluation” approach, and a lack of goal alignment within organization and between individual and organizational goals. The comprehensive improvements proposed are ensuring goal alignment, incorporating SMART KPIs (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound), enhancing training for managers and everyone in the organization, equipping managers and evaluators to be able to carry-out performance evaluations, applying a rating-based evaluation approach, and pay-for-performance schemes to differentiate rewards based on performance.
Sledování vývoje anatomických poměrů při moderní léčbě vrozených vad nohy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MONITORING OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANATOMICAL CONDITIONS IN MODERN TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL FOOT DEFORMITIES SUMMARY This dissertation discusses the questions related to the solution of residual defects after treatment of congenital clubfoot, mainly residual metatarsus adductus. The records of our patiens were divided into parts, namely historical and comparitive. In the historical part patients operated by basal osteotomy of I. - V. metatarsal (Berman - Gartland) and patients operated by transfer of anterior tibialis tendon were evaluated. The comparitive group comprised of patients operated by a double tarsal wedge osteotomy or a combination of medial cuneiform osteotomy along with basal osteotomy of II. - V. metatarsal. From 1996 - 2013, we operated a total of 58 children (39 boys, 19 girls) with residual deformity of the forefoot. A total of 66 feet were operated upon. The mean age at the time of surgery was 6.4 years (interval 3 - 20 years). In children older than 3 years with a flexible residual varus, transfer of tibialis anterior tendon to the outer aspect of foot was carried out. A total of 18 feet were operated upon by this technique. No postoperative complications were recorded. In two patients, for persistent postoperative residual deformity, basal osteotomy of I. - V. metatarsal (Berman -...
The Methodological Standpoint of the "économie des conventions"

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article presents the methodological position of the French approach of the 'économie des conventions' (economics of convention, in short: EC). EC is introduced as a new form of a pragmatist institutionalism, which assumes capable actors, a plurality of conventions and different forms of rationality. EC explains collective quality constructions and regards conventions as solutions for collectives to deal with uncertainty. EC criticizes mainstream economics because of its notion of rationality and its methodological individualism. The article focuses on the methodological standpoint of EC. It is argued that the influences from pragmatism and structuralism place this new institutionalism beyond pragmatism and structuralism and that its methodological position can be regarded as a 'complex pragmatic situationalism'. The situation is the unit of analysis. In situations pluralities of conventions have an impact as possible logics of coordination and evaluation. The EC has a strong tradition in empirical historical analysis of institutional forms and socio-cognitive categories. It is argued that parallels to the Weberian methodology exist. But EC supposes that ideal types are common knowledge also to the ordinary actors. At the end it is the specific complex methodological position of EC that places it also beyond the Opposition of methodological individualism and methodological holism.
A Study of Cross-Correlation and Breakfinding Algorithms Applied to the Measurements of Redshifts in Very Low-Resolution Spectra

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this article we compare the cross-correlation and breakfinder techniques applied to the measurements of redshifts from low-resolution spectra. We assume spectra obtained from multinarrowband imagery, a technique for multi-object spectrophotometry. Comparing the cross-correlation with the breakfinder, we find that neither is intrinsically superior to the other. They have comparable precision for early type galaxies but the cross-correlation is clearly superior for later type galaxies. On the other hand, unlike the breakfinder, the cross-correlation is sensitive to instrumental errors as well as the shape of the templates used. We carried out simulations with two types of global spectral errors: a slope error and sinusoidal errors. They can introduce serious systematic errors in redshifts measured with the cross-correlation. The breakfinder is a spectrally local test and does not suffer from this type of error. We therefore conclude that the two techniques are complementary and that they should both be used to help flag objects for which they give abnormally discrepant redshifts.
Technological Innovations in Data Collection: Acceptance, Data Quality and Costs

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Whether computer assisted data collection methods should be used for survey data collection is no longer an issue. Most professional research organizations, commercial, government and academic, are adopting these new methods with enthusiasm. Computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) is most prevalent, and computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) is rapidly gaining in popularity. Also, new forms of electronic reporting of data using computers, telephones and voice recognition technology are emerging. This paper begins with a taxonomy of current computer assisted data collection methods. It then reviews conceptual and theoretical arguments and empirical evidence on such topics as: (1) respondents and interviewer acceptance of new techniques, (2) effect of computer assisted interviewing on data quality, (3) consequences for survey costs and (4) centralized vs. decentralized deployment of CATI.
Eminent science support from Jews to the young Turkish republic; a particular focus on dentistry

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract During World War II, millions of people were mistreated and imprisoned in Nazi concentration camps. Due to the antisemitic pressure applied by the Nazi regime, many scientists had to leave Germany, and they immigrated to the United States, Switzerland, Turkey or South America. Alfred Kantorowicz was among those highly educated people who were forced out of their professional career. For a certain period, he had to stay away from the world of research and academia, which were his favorite occupations. However, these unexpected difficulties did not prevent him to pursue his success story with many awards, books, and scientific studies. Professor Kantorowicz was saved from a concentration camp upon the efforts of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk to modernize the university education system in Turkey. Prof. Kantorowicz worked from 1933 until his retirement in 1948 and acted as the “father of dentistry” in Turkey. His vision of preventive dentistry and his entrepreneurial approach should set an example for today's young dentists.
A revolutionary hypothesis to explain Marx's line and progressive disease at the lid margin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose The conjunctiva of the lid margin is protected from direct exposure to the atmosphere, by the tear meniscus. We examine the pathophysiological consequences of evaporation from this compartment. Methods A consideration of empirical data. Results The concave meniscus thins progressively to the point where it is pinned at the mucocutaneous junction (MCJ). We predict that, as a result, over the interblink period, evaporation generates a solute gradient which peaks behind the MCJ and is amplified over multiple cycles of the blink. We hypothesise that this creates a hyperosmolar state here which: i. stresses epithelial cells behind the MCJ, ii. stimulates a high cell turnover and iii. leads to immaturity of the surface cells and their glycocalyx. This is considered to explain an increased permeability to dyes at this site (rose bengal, lissamine green and fluorescein) and the stainability with dyes which is termed Marx’s line.This gradient mechanism could also concentrate proteins, such as inflammatory mediators, at this location. Conclusion Since Marx’s line lies directly behind the terminal Meibomian ducts and acini, chronic stress in this region is further invoked to explain forward migration of Marx's line and the MCJ which occurs with age and the induction of primary Meibomian gland dysfunction. Arguments are put forward to explain how this mechanism might be accentuated in dry eye and how the globe might be protected from this gradient effect in the region of the ‘black line’, where the tear film is segregated from the meniscus after the blink. Factors pro and con the hypothesis are discussed.
Figure 8 in Seventeen new species of the spider genus Teutamus Thorell, 1890 from Southeast Asia (Araneae: Liocranidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Figure 8. Teutamus apiculatus sp. nov., male holotype (A–D), female paratype (E, F). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral (B) and (C) retrolateral; (D) conductor, prolateral; (E) epigastric region, ventral; (F) internal genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars 0.25 mm.
Second primary lung malignancy following head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives/Hypothesis Analyze the characteristics of second primary lung malignancies (SPLMs) following an index head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database was queried for all cases of HNSCC between 1973 and 2014 (N = 101,856). This population was compared to a standard population to assess relative risk for lung cancer, calculated as the standardized incidence ratio (SIR). Patients who developed SPLMs were extracted (N = 8,116) and compared to all other cases of lung cancer (N = 1,160,853) to assess histopathological differences. SPLM subpopulations divided by head and neck primary site were compared for lung cancer histology and time interval between cancer diagnoses. Results Overall, 8.0% of HNSCC patients developed SPLMs (SIR = 4.22, P < .001), diagnosed an average of 6.7 years later. Patients with HNSCC of the supraglottis and hypopharynx were at the highest risk relative to a standard population, with SIRs of 8.10 and 6.34, respectively. When comparing SPLMs to all other lung cancers, there was no difference in the distribution of lung lobe affected, but SPLMs were significantly more likely to be of squamous cell carcinoma histology (42.0% vs. 21.0%, P < .001). Among head and neck subsites, lung cancers following larynx tumors had a significantly higher proportion of small cell histology, and those following oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal tumors had significantly higher proportions of squamous cell histology. Conclusions Patients who undergo curative treatment of HNSCC are at high risk for developing SPLMs. Subsite‐specific differences may help elucidate the degree of risk attributable to smoking, genetic susceptibility, human papillomavirus infection, or metastasis masquerading as an SPLM. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope , 129:903–909, 2019