jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Statistical Methods and Computing for Semiparametric Accelerated Failure Time Model with Induced Smoothing

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In survival analysis, semiparametric accelerated failure time (AFT) models directly relate the predicted failure times to covariates and are a useful alternative to relative risk models. Recent developments in rank-based estimation and least squares estimation provide promising tools to make the AFT models more attractive in practice. In this dissertation, we propose fast and accurate inferences for AFT models with applications under various sampling schemes.\nThe challenge in computing the rank-based estimator comes from solving nonsmooth estimating equations. This difficulty can be overcome with an induced smoothing approach. We generalize the induced smoothing approach to incorporate weights with missing data arising from case-cohort study and stratified sampling design. Parameters are estimated with smoothed estimating equations. Variance estimators are obtained through efficient resampling methods that avoid full blown bootstrap. The estimator from the smooth weighted estimating equations are shown to be consistent and have the same asymptotic distribution as that from the nonsmooth version. An univariate failure time data from a tumor study and a clustered data from a dental study are analyzed.\nThe induced smoothing approach for rank-based AFT models is natural with Gehan's weight. Using the estimator from induced smoothing with Gehan's weight as an initial value, we propose an iterative procedure that works for any weight of general form. The resulting estimator has the same asymptotic properties as the nonsmooth rank-based estimator with the same weight. Real data from an adolescent stress duration study and a case-cohort study for Wilm's tumor illustrate the methods.\nAs for the least square estimation, we propose a generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach. The consistency of the regression coefficient estimator is robust to misspecification of working covariance and the efficiency is higher when the working covariance structure is closer to the truth. The marginal error distributions and regression coefficient are allowed be unique for each margin or partially shared across margins as needed. The resulting estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal, with variance estimated through a multiplier resampling method. Bivariate failure times data from a diabetic retinopathy study is analyzed.\nAll the aforementioned methods for AFT models are implemented in an R package aftgee (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/aftgee/index.html).
The Effect of Different Dietary Fats on the Longevity and Muscle Strength in Drosophila

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fat is an essential source of energy and is important for human growth and development. A high fat diet, however, leads to pathological obesity and associated comorbidities, such as reduced lifespan and muscle strength in both humans and model organisms. In this study we analyzed the effects of four dietary fats on lifespan and overall health using a Drosophila model system, which shares the mechanisms of energy processing, storage, and utilization with humans. One day old wild type male Drosophila were collected and placed on a control diet or high fat diets containing 5%, 10% or 15% of coconut oil (medium chain‐saturated fat), vegetable oil, olive oil, or flax seed oil (all three contain unsaturated fats). Lifespan was determined for 100 flies on each diet. Skeletal muscle performance was evaluated by climbing and flying assays. Among all the groups, flies on a control diet had the greatest survival with a median lifespan of 30.5 days, while flies on a 5% coconut oil diet had the second longest survival time, yielding a median lifespan of 13 days. For all other diets, the median lifespan was 2 days. Flies on the control diet also performed significantly better (p<0.05) in the flying and climbing assays relative to flies on high fat diets. Flies on a 5% coconut oil diet had a significantly higher (p<0.05) muscle strength based on the flying assay compared to flies maintained on 5% diets with unsaturated fats. Interestingly, intestinal permeability measured using the Smurf assay revealed no difference between flies maintained on a control diet, 5% coconut oil diet, and 5% vegetable oil diet, suggesting that the adverse health effects of a high fat diet did not result from the compromised function of the intestine. Taken together, these data indicate that plant based medium chain saturated fats preserved longevity and muscle function better than plant‐based fats containing high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Support or Funding Information Funding Source: University of Memphis SHS Faculty Grant
KAJIAN ANALISIS HARGA SATUAN PEKERJAAN (AHSP) SNI 2016 DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN BINA MARGA 2020 PADA PEKERJAAN LAPIS ASPAL AC-BC DAN AC-WC

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This research is a type of quantitative research with a case study approach, namely calculating the analysis of the unit price of road works carried out using the SNI 2016 and Bina Marga 2020 analysis methods. The locations used in this research are Jalan Dewi Sartika and Jalan Mojoranu Mastrip, Bojonegoro Regency. Based on the research results, it is known that there is a difference in the unit price of the work between the 2016 SNI analysis and the 2020 Bina Marga. In the Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course (AC-BC) work using the Bina Marga 2020 method, the difference in work unit prices is greater than the 2016 SNI analysis of 1.09% for Jalan Dewi Sartika and 4.38% for Jalan Mojoranu Mastrip. Whereas the Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC) work using the Bina Marga 2020 method also has a larger difference in the unit price of work compared to the 2016 SNI analysis of 47.54% for Jalan Dewi Sartika and 51.77% for Jalan Mojoranu Mastrip. The ratio of unit price comparisons between the 2016 SNI analysis and 2020 Bina Marga for the Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course (AC-BC) work using the Bina Marga 2020 method has a larger ratio difference compared to the 2016 SNI analysis of 1.01 for Jalan Dewi Sartika and 1.04 for Jalan Mojoranu Mastrip. Meanwhile, the Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC) work using the Bina Marga 2020 method also has a larger ratio difference compared to the 2016 SNI analysis of 1.48 for Jalan Dewi Sartika and 1.52 for Jalan Mojoranu Mastrip. All supporting components in the Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course (AC-BC) and Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC) have different differences in work unit prices and ratios. Based on these differences it is known that the most efficient components are workers and foremen.
Ziyuglycoside I Inhibits the Proliferation of MDA-MB-231 Breast Carcinoma Cells through Inducing p53-Mediated G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Intrinsic/Extrinsic Apoptosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Due to the aggressive clinical behavior, poor outcome, and lack of effective specific targeted therapies, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has currently been recognized as one of the most malignant types of tumors. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of ziyuglycoside I, one of the major components extracted from Chinese anti-tumor herbal Radix Sanguisorbae, on the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. Methods: The underlying molecular mechanism of the cytotoxic effect ziyuglycoside I on MDA-MB-231 cells was investigated with cell viability assay, flow cytometric analysis and Western blot. Results: Compared to normal mammary gland Hs 578Bst cells, treatment of ziyuglycoside I resulted in a significant growth inhibitory effect on MDA-MB-231 cells. Ziyuglycoside I induced the G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These effects were found to be partially mediated through the up-regulation of p53 and p21WAF1, elevated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and the activation of both intrinsic (mitochondrial-initiated) and extrinsic (Fas/FasL-initiated) apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, the p53 specific siRNA attenuated these effects. Conclusion: Our study suggested that ziyuglycoside I-triggered MDA-MB-231 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were probably mediated by p53. This suggests that ziyuglycoside I might be a potential drug candidate for treating TNBC.
Supplementary Methods and Materials from Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Akt with OSU-03012 and Gefitinib or Erlotinib to Overcome Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Methods and Materials from Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Akt with OSU-03012 and Gefitinib or Erlotinib to Overcome Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors
Theoretical study of the simple (e,2e) ionization of the 1πgmolecular level of CO2by the introduction of a three-center continuum wave function

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An appropriate closed analytical description of the state of an ejected electron from a linear three-center molecular target is presented resulting from the approximate solution of the Schrödinger equation for an unbound electron in the Coulomb field of three fixed charged nuclei.
Staged Repair of Van Praagh Truncus Type A3

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Van Praagh (VP) A3 variant of truncus arteriosus (or common arterial trunk) is defined by only one pulmonary artery (usually the right) originating from the common trunk, while the other lung is supplied either by collaterals or a pulmonary artery arising from the aortic arch. This report describes a staged approach to manage a VP-A3 variant truncus arteriosus with ductal origin of the left pulmonary artery (LPA), a hypoplastic right pulmonary artery, and cyanosis. Initially, the ductal portion of the proximal LPA was stented with a Resolute Onyx drug-eluting stent. The pulmonary arteries grew and at four months of age had an acceptable McGoon ratio and Nakata index. The patient then underwent repair which included unifocalization of the branch pulmonary arteries, closure of the ventricular septal defect, and placement of a right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery homograft conduit.
An empirical analysis of the perceived effectiveness and credibility of women trial lawyers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A group of 188 undergraduate students at the University of Arizona read three vignettes depicting a lawyer's performance at trial. The types of cases presented at trial were rape, sex discrimination, family law (divorce and child support), murder, narcotics, contracts, paternity, prostitution, and insanity. Some of the subjects read a case presented by lawyer John McKay, while others read the same case presented by lawyer Joan McKay. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in the perceived effectiveness and credibility of the trial lawyers, with male and female attorneys rated equally competent. The results were most encouraging for women entering the profession of law, and showed that bright undergraduate college freshmen now perceive women attorneys without sexism and with credibility.
Focus group study on mechanical in- exsufflation in invasively ventilated intensive care patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Few data described practicalities of using mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) for invasively ventilated ICU patients and evidence for benefit of their use is lacking. Aim and objective: To identify barriers and facilitators to use MI-E devices in invasively ventilated ICU patients, and to explore reasons for their use in various patient indications. Methods: Four focus group discussions; 3 national (Netherlands) and 1 with international representation, each with a purposeful interprofessional sample of a maximum 10 participants with experience in using MI-E in invasively ventilated ICU patients. We developed a semi-structured interview guide informed by the Theoretical Domain Framework. An observer was present in each session. Sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using content analysis. Results: Barriers for MI-E use were lack of evidence and lack of expertise in MI-E, as well as lack of device availability within the ICU. Facilitators were experience with MI-E and perceived clinical improvement in patients with MI-E use. Common reasons to start using MI-E were difficult weaning, recurrent atelectasis and pneumonia. Main contraindications were, bullous emphysema, ARDS, high PEEP, hemodynamic instability, recent pneumothorax. There was substantial variability on used technical settings of MI-E in invasively ventilated patients. Conclusions: Key barriers and facilitators to MI-E were lack of evidence, available expertise and perceived clinical improvement. Variability on technical settings likely reflect lack of evidence. Future studies should focus on settings, safety and feasibility of MI-E in invasively ventilated patients before studies on effect can be conducted.
Association of somatic cell count and differential somatic cell count with acute and chronic mastitis events of dairy cows

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

somatische Zellzahl (DSCC) scheint ein vielversprechender zusätzlicher Indikator zu sein, da SCC allein nicht immer ausreicht. Die Mittlere-Infrarot (MIR) Spektroskopie ist die Methode der Wahl in der Milchleistungsprüfung zur Bestimmung von Milchbestandteilen und wird auch verwendet um Krankheiten vorherzusagen. Ziel dieser Studie war die Analyse der Assoziation von SCC und DSCC mit Mastitis Diagnosen und in weiterer Folge mit Eutergesundheitsklassen, basierend auf SCC und DSCC. Weiters wurde evaluiert, ob ein bestehendes Mastitis Vorhersagemodell, basierend auf dem Linear Somatic Cell Count (SCS) und MIR Spektral Daten, durch DSCC als zusätzlichem Indikator verbessert werden kann. Die Diagnosedaten wurden mit benachbarten Testtagesdaten verlinkt. Tasttagesdaten im Zeitfenster -/+21 Tage bevor/nach Diagnose wurden als Mastitis deklariert, Testtagesdaten außerhalb dieses Zeitfensters als gesund. Um die Assoziation von SCC und DSCC mit Mastitis Diagnosen festzustellen, wurde ein Regressionsmodell aufgestellt. Weiters wurden die Testtagesdaten mit benachbarten Mastitis Diagnosen (-/+ 21 Tage) in Eutergesundheitsklassen geteilt. Für das Vorhersagemodell wurde Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA) verwendet. SCC und die Interaktion zwischen SCC und DSCC zeigten eine signifikante Assoziation mit Mastitis Diagnosen. Die Methode der Eutergesundheitsklassen klassifizierte 52 % der Mastitis Diagnosen korrekt. Der Vergleich verschiedener Variationen von Variablen für das Vorhersagemodell ergab, dass das aktuelle Modell durch DSCC als zusätzliche Variable nicht verbessert werden konnte. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass eine Assoziation zwischen SCC bzw. DSCC und Mastitis Diagnosen besteht. Um die Eutergesundheitsklassen als Management Tool anwenden zu können, bedarf es weiterer Forschung hinsichtlich Adaptierung der Grenzwerte für Laktationsstadium und Laktationszahl.
Data-Driven Control Design with LMIs and Dynamic Programming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The goal of this paper is to develop data-driven control design and evaluation strategies based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and dynamic programming. We consider deterministic discrete-time LTI systems, where the system model is unknown. We propose efficient data collection schemes from the state-input trajectories together with data-driven LMIs to design state-feedback controllers for stabilization and linear quadratic regulation (LQR) problem. In addition, we investigate theoretically guaranteed exploration schemes to acquire valid data from the trajectories under different scenarios. In particular, we prove that as more and more data is accumulated, the collected data becomes valid for the proposed algorithms with higher probability. Finally, data-driven dynamic programming algorithms with convergence guarantees are then discussed.
The impacts of natural disasters, epidemics and pandemics on women’s health in the Pacific: a narrative synthesis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The Pacific region has an inherent vulnerability to natural disasters, epidemics and pandemics. The aim of this review was to examine the impact of natural disasters and epidemics on women’s health in the Pacific Island region. Natural disasters include events such as flooding, cyclones, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and sea level rise. Epidemics and pandemics include events such as zika virus and COVID-19. The Pacific region includes the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean.
Methods: An abstract and title search was performed in the following databases: SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and the Hawaii Pacific Journal Index database. Manuscripts were identified using a search strategy that included keywords for natural disaster, epidemic and pandemic, women’s health and Pacific Island United Nations Small Island Developing States (SIDS) names. Duplicates and articles not relevant to the aim of this review were excluded. No limitation was placed on date or document type for the purpose of the search, however only original articles were included in the review.
Findings: A total of 850 abstracts were identified; 106 were excluded as duplicates or not relevant. Nine original articles were included in the review, published between 2003 and 2019. A narrative synthesis was undertaken given the heterogenous nature of the studies. Studies evaluated the impact of events including a volcanic eruption and cyclone affecting Vanuatu, a dengue virus epidemic in New Caledonia, HIV in Papua New Guinea and Zika virus in French Polynesia. Themes identified included women’s special vulnerability, a negative reproductive impact, adverse maternity and infant impacts, psychological distress, food insecurity and health workforce shortage issues.
Conclusion: A limited number of studies were found, and the findings vary depending on the nature of the event, study population and resources available. All studies described negative impacts. Key areas to focus on are the health workforce, in particular mental health support, food security and antenatal care. Findings may not be generalisable and more research on the impact of natural disasters and epidemics on women’s health in the Pacific is required to inform local responses and aid efforts.
Diagnostic value of specific T cell reactivity to drugs in 95 cases of drug induced liver injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background —Diagnosis of drug induced liver injury is usually based on a temporal relation between drug intake and clinical picture as well as on the exclusion of alternative causes. More precise diagnosis has been attempted by using in vitro specific T cell reactivity to drugs but the test has never reached general acceptability because of frequent negative results which could be explained, in part, by prostaglandin producing suppressor cells (PPSC). Aim —To analyse the diagnostic value of a modified test where lymphocyte responses to drugs are detected in the presence of a prostaglandin inhibitor. Patients —Ninety five patients with a clinical diagnosis of drug induced liver injury, 106 healthy controls, 35 individuals with recent exposure to the same drugs without adverse effects, and 15 patients with liver disease unrelated to drugs. Methods —Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in the presence of drugs alone and in the presence of drugs and a prostaglandin inhibitor. Responses were assessed by 3 H-thymidine incorporation in lymphocytes. Results were expressed as counts per minute and as stimulation indexes (SI). Results —When PBMC were stimulated with drugs alone, lymphocyte sensitisation to drugs (SI>2) was detected in 26% of the cases. This was noticeably increased (56%) when a prostaglandin inhibitor was added to the cultures. No reactivity was found in controls. In patients with possible sensitivity to several drugs, lymphocyte reactivity was detected to only one drug. The severity of the lesions, as assessed by aminotransferase concentrations and disease duration, was lower in patients with evidence of PPSC. Conclusions —This new approach is useful for the diagnosis of drug induced liver injury, particularly in patients exposed to more than one drug; furthermore, the presence of putative PPSC is associated with less severe forms of drug induced hepatitis.
Acidic and basic protein contents in Gastrocnemii and pectoralis muscles of chick under denervation and work-induced stress conditions.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Biochemical estimation of acidic and basic proteins of chick gastrocnemii (G. externus, G. medius and G. internus) and pectoralis muscles has been done under normal, denervated and work stress conditions from 1-56 days of postnatal growth. The reciprocal relationship of the two protein groups is clearly established. It is evident that muscle denervation acts as a stimulant for proteosynthetic activities and probably may also be an inhibitory factor for protein degradative reactions. During work overload stress, the rapid growth of muscles has been related to high rate of contractile activity.
Estimating Tree Heights Using Multibaseline PolInSAR Data With Compensation for Temporal Decorrelation, Case Study: AfriSAR Campaign Data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The project studied using of multi-baseline SAR data for estimating tree heights with compensation of temporal decorrelation and new structure function.Estimating Tree Heights Using Multi-baseline PolInSAR Data With Compensation for Temporal Decorrelation, Case Study: AfriSAR Campaign Data Ghasemi, N., Tolpekin, V. A. & Stein, A., 1 Oct 2018, In : IEEE Journal of selected topics in applied earth observations and remote sensing. 11, 10, p. 3464 - 3477 14 p., 8477041.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8477041This paper presents a multibaseline method to increase the accuracy of height estimation when using SAR tomographic data. It is based upon mitigating the temporal decorrelation induced by wind. The Fourier-Legendre function of different orders was fitted to each pixel as the structure function in the PCT model. It was combined with the motion standard deviation function from the random-motion-over ground (RMoG) model. L-band multibaseline data are used that were acquired during the AfriSAR campaign over La Lope National Park in Gabon with a height range between 0 and 60 m that has an average of 30 m and standard deviation of 15 m. The results were compared with those from the regular PCT model using the root mean square error (RMSE). Histograms were compared to the one obtained from Lidar height map. The average RMSE was equal to 7.5 m for the regular PCT model and to 5.6 m for the modified PCT model. We concluded that the accuracy of tree height estimation increased after modeling of temporal decorrelation. This is of value for future satellite missions that would collect tomographic data over forest areas.