jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OLEORESIN FROM PINUS BUNGEANA ZUCC. AND ITS TAXONOMIC IMPLICATION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The chemical characteristrics of oleoresin from Pinus bungeana Zucc. was studied. It contains 25 contents. The amount of its monoterpenes is about 47.0% and that of β pinene is as high as 24.8%. The chemical compositions of oleoresins of 16 species from subgen. Strobus and subgen. Pinus were also analyzed by GC and GC MS. The amounts of isopimaric acid, palustric acid/levopimaric acid,lambertianic acid and abietic acid in P.bungeana oleorensin differ from that of subgen. Strobus, and is similar to that of subgen. Pinus.
Thriving Against All Odds – How Start-up Teams Cope with Radical Uncertainty

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Uncertainty is one of the most known characteristics of entrepreneurial endeavors, continuously threatening start-up teams’ performance and well-being. However, knowledge on how start-up teams deal with radical uncertainty is limited. Drawing on conservation of resources theory and regulatory focus theory, we examine how start-up teams entrepreneurially cope with radical uncertainty in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a convergent parallel mixed method design, we analyze 12 waves of survey data and four waves of interviews collected in 35 start-up teams in Germany. Our analysis of temporal development of predictors (quantitative results) and entrepreneurs’ views (qualitative analysis) explains the coping mechanisms to reduce performance impairment and compassion fatigue. Our study contributes to research on start-up teams, well-being, and uncertainty in entrepreneurship.
Antifungal effects of eugenol on Candida albicans adherence to denture polymers

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background The study’s objective is to assess the adherence of C. albicans in different types of denture polymers and the effectiveness of eugenol and commercialized denture cleansers in the removal of C. albicans . Three types of denture base polymers (Lucitone ® 199 (High-Impact PMMA), Impact ® (conventional PMMA) and Eclipse ® (UDMA)) and two hard denture reline materials (Kooliner ® and Tokuyama ® Rebase II Fast) were used in this study. Methods Three hundred samples were prepared (6 × 2 mm disc shape) and divided into five groups of denture polymers ( n = 60) and further subjected into five treatment groups (Polident ® , Steradent, distilled water, eugenol 5-minutes, and eugenol 10-min). Three samples were extracted from each treatment group for baseline data ( n = 12). Baseline data were used to calculate the initial number of C. albicans adherence. A 0.5 ml immersion solution from each specimen was cultured on YPD agar and incubated for 48 h at 37 °C. Visible colonies were counted using a colony counter machine (ROCKER Galaxy 230). Results The result showed that the denture base polymer significantly affected the initial adherence ( p = 0.007). The removal of C. albicans was also considerably affected by the denture base polymers and denture cleansers ( p < 0.05). Lucitone ® , Tokuyama ® , and Kooliner ® denture base polymers immersed for 3 min in eugenol showed the best results of removal. Discussion This study’s overall results showed that all denture polymers used as denture bases had an effect on C. albicans initial adherence and removal from the denture base, and eugenol is comparable to commercialised denture cleansers in reducing the number of attached C. albicans on denture base polymers.
CRL/Brandeis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This report describes the major developments over the last six months in completing the Diderot information extraction system for the MUC-5 evaluation.Diderot is an information extraction system built at CRL and Brandeis University over the past two years. It was produced as part of our efforts in the Tipster project. The same overall system architecture has been used for English and Japanese and for the micro-electronics and joint venture domains.The past history of the system is discussed and the operation of its major components described. A summary of scores at the 24 month workshop is given and the performance of the system on the texts selected for the system walkthrough is discussed.
Review of Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States Edited by Eric M. Coombs, Janet K. Clark, Gary L. Piper, and Alfred F. Cofrancesco, Jr.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

As pointed out in the volume's introduction, biological weed control is an increasingly important tool for managing invasive plants on public and private lands at a time when this strategy is under increasing scrutiny over real (and perceived) threats to native pants and ecosystems. The volume updates and expands upon Biological Control of Weeds in the West (1996) and should be considered an essential reference for policy makers, land managers, students, and researchers involved with biological weed control throughout North America.
Calculation of the Binding Energies of Different Types of Hydrogen Bonds Using GGA Density Functional and Its Long-Range,Empirical Dispersion Correction Methods

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We investigated eleven exchange-correlation energy density functionals including generalized gradient approximation(GGA)(PBE,PW91),meta-GGA(M06-L),hyper-GGA(M06-2X,B3LYP,X3LYP), LC-DFT methods(CAM-B3LYP,LC-ωPBE,ωB97X),and density functional theory with dispersion corrections(DFT-D) methods(ωB97X-D,B97-D) for their performance in describing systems with conventional and non-conventional hydrogen bonds.After comparing the results using the benchmark CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ approach we found that the M06-2X andωB97X-D functionals provided the most accurate and reliable results for the fifteen systems studied in this work with strong,moderate,and weak hydrogen bonds.It is important to employ an appropriate basis set to predict the binding energy of hydrogen bonds for all DFT methods and we found that the basis set of 6-311++G(2d,2p) or aug-cc-pVDZ is adequate.The effect of the basis set superposition error(BSSE) is relatively small for the DFT methods tested.All the methods except forωB97X andωB97X-D were found to produce equally accurate or even more accurate results without BSSE correction.
IDDF2022-ABS-0128 A novel pathogen enterococcus hirae induced dysbiosis in the stomach and the genomic instability to promote gastric cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Previous our microbiome analysis indicates that Enterococcus sp. predominance of microbial composition has been determined in patients with gastric cancer (GC) by 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis. We aimed to determine whether this bacterium could promote the emergence and progression of GC.

Methods

The effects of E. hirae and Helicobacter pylori (clinical strain Mon-Ke2 as control) were assessed in a gastric epithelial cell line (AGS cells). The cell toxicity of AGS cells is identified by lactate dehydrogenase levels. The DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were assessed by gamma-H2AX expressions using immunoblotting; and single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). AGS cells were analyzed for the rapid oxygen species (ROS) expressions response after E. hirae and H. pylori infections.

Results

E. hirae was successfully isolated from the gastric mucosal specimen of a GC patient for the first time. The whole-genome sequence of E. hirae was confirmed by next-generation sequencing. E. hirae-infected AGS cells showed abnormal morphological changes. Infections of E. hirae and H. pylori significantly induced cell death and expression of gH2AX in AGS cells. Besides, the expression of gH2AX and DSBs was confirmed by SCGE comet formation. Interestingly, co-infection of H. pylori and E. hirae had a synergistic effect on the severity of DSBs. E. hirae could induce intranucleus and mitochondrial ROS in AGS cells same as H. pylori. We investigated whether only live E. hirae, or its released factor(s) can cause DNA damage. Supernatant from AGS cells infected with E. hirae could induce the gH2AX, whereas H. pylori required cell adhesion to induce gH2AX. The complete genome of E. hirae totally contained 2570 genes and 10 known virulence factor genes (e.g., Enterococcus pore-forming toxin).

Conclusions

E. hirae-related dysbiosis in the stomach might increase the risk for GC, resulting in gained the genomic instability of gastric cells, as well as H. pylori infection. Further research investigating the impacts of this pathogen on the human host using the gastric organoid model is needed since several studies have shown that other species of Enterococcus induce cancer-promoting events resulting in DNA damage in gastric/colonic mucosa, and hepatic cells.
A review of combined psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depression.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effectiveness of combined psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for depression is a clinical issue of increasing importance. Using a box score approach, the authors review the 17 available studies in the literature, provide a methodological critique, summarize results, and suggest directions for further research and for clinical practice. Overall, given methodological limitations in the existing literature, it appears that combined treatment is no less effective than psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy alone and may have specific advantages for subpopulations of depressed patients.
Macroeconomic stabilization in the digital age

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Macroeconomic Stabilization in the Digital Age provides insights into factors affecting the macroeconomic management of the economy in the digital age. Policy makers need to be aware of the increasing prominence of the digital economy and digital finance and seek to better understand how continued digitalization will affect policies aimed at managing the economy. For emerging market economies (EMEs), macroeconomic policy challenges have been exacerbated by the digital finance revolution in the aftermath of the global financial crisis and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, when many EMEs experienced large and volatile capital flows. Policy makers must also navigate through fluctuating trends in productivity and difficulties in estimating potential output in the era of digitalization.The book is organized into three main parts: (1) digital finance and the macroeconomy, (2) capital flows and systemic risk in the digital age, and (3) macroeconomic uncertainty and new challenges for central banks. Part I is set against the context of the shift in financial intermediation away from traditional banks as large technology firms have increasingly provided financial services over the past decade. This part of the book focuses on the macroeconomic effects of digital finance and financial technology. Part II examines capital flow-related developments in the digital age, where the expansion in cross-border capital flow channels can create additional hurdles for EME authorities in managing capital flows. Finally, Part III relates the digital age to challenges faced by central banks and the implications of digitalization for the monetary policy transmission mechanism.
Reflections on a Biographical Approach to Contemporary Art Conservation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Rather than preserving original objects, the conservation of contemporary art should be thought of as managing change. This raises the question of how to theoretically capture the variability of the work without losing the sense of its artistic identity. The researchers participating in the interdisciplinary project New strategies in the conservation of contemporary art propose to use a biographical approach to investigate and compare the histories of artworks, both before and after they enter museum collections. In this paper the authors claim that not only do decisive turning points in an artwork’s life occur at other moments than those conventionally recognised, but moreover, that they are made up of various and diverging timelines, to be mapped as a river’s trajectory.
Current issues of the pharmacognostic study <i>Monarda fistulosa</i> L. herb

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND: The Monarda fistulosa L. is successfully cultivated in Russia. The herbs of Thymus vulgaris, Thymus serpyllum and Origanum vulgare are used as agents with antimicrobial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects, it is due to the presence of thymol and carvacrol in the raw material. However Monarda fistulosa is not inferior to the listed plants. AIM: The aim is to study the chemical composition, to identify significant morphological, anatomical and chemical signs of raw materials for diagnostics, as well as to develop methods to standardize the herb of Monarda fistulosa in accordance with the modern requirements of pharmaceutical analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The herb of Monarda fistulosa was harvested during the period of mass flowering in the Botanical Garden of Samara University in 2016-2019. Morphological and anatomical examination was carried out by the method of light microscopy in transmitted and reflected light. Luminescence microscopy was carried out on a luminescence microscope Altami LUM 2. Individual substances were isolated by column chromatography. The 13C NMR spectra was evaluated by means of the instrument Bruker DRX 500, and Bruker AM 300 was used to record 1H NMR spectra. Mass spectra were recorded on mass spectrometer Kratos MS-30; UV spectra were recorded using a Specord 40 spectrophotometer (Analytik Jena). RESULTS: This paper discusses the results of research in the field of standardization of raw materials for Monarda fistulosa. As a result of the experimental work, characteristic anatomical and morphological features of the plant were determined. For the first time, the dominant flavonoids like isoroifolin, linarin, and other flavonoids like didimine, acacetin, apigenin were isolated from the herb of the studied raw material. The authors isolated a new natural compound 5-O-rutinoside apigenin from the herb of Monarda fistulosa. Methods for the qualitative analysis of the herb Monarda fistulosa have been developed using thin-layer chromatography (in the presence of thymol and rutin) and spectrophotometry (absorption maxima at a wavelength of 270 2 and 330 2 nm). A method has been developed for the quantitative determination of the total flavonoid content in the herb Monarda fistulosa L. using differential spectrophotometry at the analytical wavelength of 394 nm. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results were used in the drafting of the pharmacopoeial monograph for the new type of raw material Monarda fistulosa L. herb.
Editor response for version 1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The spread of Citrus black spot (CBS) is a major concern in the citrus industry because the disease threatens fruit marketability and citrus tree health. Furthermore, there is a public concern about the safety and side effects of synthetic fungicides currently being used to control citrus black spot. Synthetic fungicides are reported to have carcinogenic effects on humans and are also toxic to the environment, however this depends on the structure of the active ingredient and the dose present. Furthermore, microorganisms tend to develop resistance to most synthetic fungicides. This problem has prompted research into the identification of new ways with broad activity in treatment of microbial disease in plants such as the use of essential oils.The purpose of the study was to investigate the use of Thyme oil (Thymus vulgaris) as an alternative antifungal against Citrus Black Spot (CBS). Thyme oil was characterised using GC/MS. Thymol (32.1%) and ρ-Cymene (20.4%), were identified, as major compounds. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oils against the test organism was 25 (µg/ml). The antifungal activity of Thyme oil, Thyme hydrosol and antifungal anti-mitochondrials was tested in vitro against Phyllosticta citricarpa using the agar diffusion bioassay. Comparative antifungal activity was observed between antifungal anti-mitochondrial, Thyme oil and hydrosol as indicated by an inhibition zone, minimal growth and maximum growth zone towards the edge of the plate. We propose that Thyme oil, like antifungal anti-mitochondrials, inhibits fungal growth by targeting structures with increased mitochondrial activity. This was further confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and XTT colorimetric assay. This indicates that Thyme oil and hydrosol can be used as potential alternative antifungal agents against Citrus Black Spot (CBS).
Evaluation "Risk analyses of agroparks"

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Dit TransForum project richt zich op analyse van de onzekerheden en mogelijkheden van agroparken. Dit heeft geleid tot een risicomodel dat de kwalitatieve en/of kwantitatieve onzekerheden van een agropark project in kaart brengt. Daarmee kunnen maatregelen en managementstrategien worden geidentificeerd. Zo worden potentiele risico's omgezet in hanteerbare mogelijkheden.
Catalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Addition and Allylic Alkylation Reactions Using Grignard Reagents

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Enantioselective Conjugate Addition to Cyclic Enones Enantioselective Conjugate Addition to Acyclic Enones Enantioselective Conjugate Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Esters and Thioesters Application of the Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents to α,β-Unsaturated Thioesters in the Synthesis of Natural Products Mechanistic Studies Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation with Grignard Reagents Conclusions References and Notes
Introduction to the American Convention on Human Rights: Essential Rights

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This Introduction presents the Inter-American Human Rights System’s impact, primary legal instruments, and its two key institutions, the Inter-American Court and Inter-American Commission. Next, we synthesize crucial developments in the System’s jurisprudence and briefly refer to several of our critiques and alternative conceptual proposals - all of which are elaborated in our book. Finally, we outline the structure and methodology of the rest of our book.
Woodland management in medieval Scotland

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article will examine the evidence for woodland management in Scotland from the 12th to the 16th centuries and will try to draw some overall conclusions about that management and how effective it was. Although there are difficulties in using medieval documentary evidence in terms of its Latin and Scots vocabulary, it does show that woodland was being managed throughout this period by enclosing woods, excluding animals and allowing time for regrowth – in other words, by coppicing and possibly, in some instances, by coppicing on a formal rota. Pollarding, shredding and growing coppice with standards may also have taken place. Examples of woodland management will be looked at in more detail in Darnaway and Campsie Forests. Despite this management, there is no doubt that a shortage of timber did develop in Scotland in areas of heavy use, especially from the 14th century onwards. What appears to have happened was that the majority of users of the woods were the lord’s tenants and men. Their requirements were not for large timbers but for small trees and underwood. Consequently, in many places where underwood survived it was cut before it could grow into timber and, despite efforts in the 15th century by lords, parliament and the king, young wood continued to be cut at the expense of future supplies of timber.
A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE DESALINATION SOIL BY DRY DRAINAGE PROCESS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The excessive increase of salt in soil is considered as a major contemporary threat. Among the significant causes of this phenomenon are evaporated and/or transpired irrigation water, which contribute directly to the accumulation of salt ions in the soil. To tackle this salient problem many methods have been advocated. The first tends to eliminate salts by combining the leaching requirement method together with artificial drainage. However, it has proven to be inadequate. The second, a recent and novel one, aims at capturing and removing salt from the soil surface. This process is referred at as the dry drainage method. This work is a numerical simulation of the simultaneous water solute and heat transfer in an unsaturated porous medium during the simultaneous evaporation and drainage of saline dry land soils. A detailed mathematical model is formulated to describe the non-isothermal transport of water in unsaturated porous media. The model consists of the coupled conservative equations of mass, liquid phase, gas phase, water vapor, species, and energy. The water transport mechanisms dealt with are the liquid-phase advection and diffusion of vapor in the gas phase. The numerical results show the remarkable variation profiles of water evaporation and the distribution of soil solution and solute during desalination by dry drainage relative to previous models. In fact, the use of the stick system favors the evaporation intensity and the solute accumulates far from the soil surface layer.
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH EFFECTIVE CONTINUOUS TREATMENT OF SEWAGE FROM PROCESSING ENTERPRISES

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper considers and proposes a concept of a technology scheme for highly effective mechanical wastewater treatment at processing enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, in order to ensure highly efficient continuous mechanical cleaning, with low energy consumption and equipment ergonomics. Various points of view on existing treatment technologies, segment problems, government regulations and requirements are considered. On the basis of them, conceptual schemes for the development of equipment are proposed and a technological scheme of the installation is proposed. The presented equipment layout diagrams provide an opportunity not only to clean the agro-industrial complex waste uninterruptedly and with high quality, but also make it possible to prepare the components to be removed for their further use or sale. The actual problem of the agro-industrial complex processing enterprises is high-quality, efficient and affordable wastewater treatment. The existing equipment is unable to meet the needs of small and medium-sized enterprises due to its high cost and impressive dimensions. In addition, this equipment does not provide high-quality wastewater treatment even to the level necessary for their further discharge into the sewer system. First of all, this is due to the obsolescence of existing methods and approaches, in particular in the technological aspect. The schematic diagrams described in the article, and the proposed technological scheme for waste management, have not yet been used at enterprises, since they require in-depth analysis and development of design solutions. On its basis, it will be possible to work out possible technical solutions for the further manufacture of equipment. That is why the question of the development of a modern ergonomic complex of high-tech equipment for highly efficient and continuous wastewater treatment has arisen. The solution to this problem is primarily possible to provide on the basis of an integrated approach to improving the cleaning technology.