jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Frog rod outer segment shedding in vitro: histologic and electrophysiologic observations.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Rod outer segment shedding in the frog, Rana pipiens, has been studied using an in vitro eyecup method. Control experiments have shown that shedding responses in vitro are comparable to those in vivo and, like the situation in vivo, shedding in isolated eyecups requires a dark period followed by light onset. We found an initial, rapid and light-evoked component of the shedding response to be critically dependent upon bicarbonate concentration, supporting the initial discovery of a bicarbonate requirement for Xenopus rod shedding by Besharse et al. In Rana, in vitro shedding occurs in the presence of 20 mM aspartate, suggesting that functional integrity of the inner retina is not a prerequisite for rod shedding. Additionally, shedding was found to be suppressed completely in the presence of the local anesthetic MS-222 and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX. In the case of IBMX, electrophysiologic recording indicated changes in photoreceptor sensitivity in the presence of the drug. Such changes may play a role in the observed inhibition of shedding.
Incidentally captured video of thrombosis formation during ultrasound‐guided balloon dilation for the treatment of dysfunctional arteriovenous fistula

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Video S1: Arteriovenous thrombosis formation under ultrasound. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Quantifying the morphological effects of gravel extraction on the Motueka River

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Motueka River is a wandering gravel bed river located in the Nelson region, South Island, New Zealand. The removal of gravel from the riverbed for commercial and local uses has been carried out for at least the last fifty years. However, in recent times, concerns have arisen over the influence of gravel extraction on changes in mean bed levels and gravel storage within the riverbed. This study employs the end-area method to measure morphological change in the Upper Motueka riverbed between 1960 and 2000. This consists of comparing repeat cross-section surveys and calculating the mean bed level change for the time period between measurement dates. From this, gravel volume changes can be interpolated. This study attempts to improve on previous estimates of gravel storage changes in the Upper Motueka by using a variable active channel width for calculation of mean bed level changes. Digitising the river planform demonstrated that the form of the Upper Motueka River has altered quite dramatically over the 40-year study period. The results of the end-area calculations show a mean bed level degradation (-0.3m) and a net decrease in gravel storage (-642000m³ ) in the Upper Motueka River over the 40-year study period. The total amount of gravel extracted from the study reach over the same time period is a substantial proportion of the total gravel loss (87%). The use of a variable active channel width for each successive pair of surveys should represent gravel volume changes better than the previous analysis. However, there is no statistically significant difference apparent between the results produced using a fixed active channel width and those produced using a variable active channel width. A significant problem with using the end-area method is the reliance on the cross-section survey data. There is no indication of morphological change between the measured cross-sections. Although the use of aerial photograph analysis can account for this to some extent by allowing determination of an average active channel width, changes in the bed level between cross-sections cannot easily be quantified. Furthermore, the end-area method fails to establish the full extent of aggradational and degradational change that has occurred between the survey dates. In summary, the use of the end-area method for gravel bed-rivers, which are both spatially and temporally dynamic, can only provide a coarse estimate of gravel volume changes.
Diagnosis Related Groups: Product Line Management within Hospitals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The hospital is viewed as a human service enterprise whose primary function is the provision of diagnostic and therapeutic medical services. Its products are the specific sets of services provided to individual patients. A system for defining hospital products based on the characteristics of patients receiving similar sets of services has been developed and is referred to as Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs). The system is described, and its implications for improved hospital management are discussed.
Decreased Renal Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms in Adrenocorticotropin-Induced and Corticosterone-Induced Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract —Administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) leads to the development of hypertension. Because glucocorticoids can affect the nitric oxide system at several sites, the present study tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression may be altered in ACTH-induced and corticosterone-induced hypertension in the rat. This was addressed by measuring Nos1 , Nos2 , and Nos3 mRNA in the kidney, adrenal gland, heart, and hypothalamus of 16 ACTH-treated and 16 vehicle-treated rats as well as in 10 corticosterone-treated and 10 control rats. In addition, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm changes by detection of Nos in RNA and NOS protein in tissues. Systolic blood pressure of ACTH and corticosterone rats was elevated (165±6 and 162±11 mm Hg; P <0.001 versus control). Each Nos isoform mRNA was measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique. In ACTH rats, mRNA for Nos2 was reduced in renal cortex by 58±5% and in medulla by 68±7%; for Nos3 , mRNA reductions of 59±6% and 51±11% were seen ( P <0.001 after Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons). In corticosterone rats, Nos2 mRNA decreased in cortex by 68±5% and in medulla by 62±6%; Nos3 mRNA by 50±8% in cortex, and Nos1 by 29±7% in medulla (all P <0.001 after Hochberg correction). Reductions seen in kidney were supported by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Apart from a 62±2% decrease in Nos2 mRNA in adrenal of ACTH rats (corrected P <0.05), no significant changes were seen in the other nonrenal tissues for any isoform. In conclusion, we have shown for the first time that the physiological components of glucocorticoid action (ACTH and corticosterone) when given chronically in vivo reduce Nos2 and Nos3 expression in the kidney. Such changes are consistent with a role in hypertension for ACTH and corticosterone.
REFRAMING COUNSELING TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE ADOLESCENT RESILIENCE OF VICTIMS OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN LOMBOK NUSA TENGGARA BARAT INDONESIA

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research was to develop a group counseling model with reframing techniques to improve the resilience of adolescent victims of natural disasters. This study uses a research design research and development (RnD) with the following steps: preparation of model development, formulating a hypothetical model, feasibility test of a hypothetical model (two validators who are experts in the field of guidance and counseling and one validator for Islamic religious education), model improvement. hypothetical, field test, compile the final model. Produce a group guidance model with reframing techniques to improve the resilience of youth victims of natural disasters. Based on the research results, the main results of the group guidance model consist of 7 components, namely rational, vision and mission, objectives, model content, system support, implementation stages, evaluation, and follow-up. The group guidance model with reframing techniques is effective for increasing the resilience of adolescent victims of natural disasters. This can be seen in the results of increasing the resilience ability of adolescent before and after being given services increased by 14% and the results of the effectiveness test using the t-test, indicating that t is greater than t table, namely 3.598 > 2, 262.
A fast algorithm for finding k-nearest neighbors with non-metric dissimilarity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fast nearest neighbor (NN) finding has been extensively studied. While some fast NN algorithms using metrics rely on the essential properties of metric spaces, the others using non-metric measures fail for large-size templates. However in some applications with very large size templates, the best performance is achieved by NN methods based on the dissimilarity measures resulting in a special space where computations cannot be pruned by the algorithms based-on the triangular inequality. For such NN methods, the existing fast algorithms except condensing algorithms are not applicable. In this paper, a fast hierarchical search algorithm is proposed to find k-NNs using a non-metric measure in a binary feature space. Experiments with handwritten digit recognition show that the new algorithm reduces on average dissimilarity computations by more than 90% while losing the accuracy by less than 0.1%, with a 10% increase in memory.
Visualization of small GTPase activity with fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

. Generally, but not necessarily, the small GTPases cycle between a GDP-bound inactive state and a GTP-bound active state; the GTP-bound GTPases can bind to various effec-tors to elicit different biological activities. The activity of small GTPases is regulated by two classes of enzymes, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs)
Investigating the association between rs361525 promotor polymorphism with risk of multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune condition that affects the spinal cord and brain which is categorized by demyelination, swelling, and axonal loss. The meta-analysis rationale was to determine the correlation between TNFα gene polymorphism and multiple sclerosis risk. Methods We conducted a systematic literature mining in the major electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Medline Scopus, and to look up for relevant studies published up to December 2024. We executed the meta-analysis to assess the correlation between TNFα gene (rs361525) SNP and multiple sclerosis. This meta-analysis was executed using the MetaGenyo and RevMan V-5.0 software to estimate the odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval. Results Our results indicated a positive association of TNFα with OR = 1.03, (95% CI [0.530–1.980]), p = 0.04 in the dominant genetic model. These findings support the evidence that TNFα rs361525 polymorphism was found to be linked with MS risk. However, case–control studies with large sample size from Caucasian and Asian ethnicity are required to investigate the functional role of TNFα polymorphism in the multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.
Nature as historical protagonist: environment and society in pre‐industrial England

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article compares chronologies reconstructed from historical records of prices, wages, grain harvests, and population with corresponding chronologies of growing conditions and climatic variations derived from dendrochronology and Greenland ice‐cores. It demonstrates that in pre‐industrial, and especially late medieval, England, short‐term environmental shocks and more enduring shifts in environmental conditions (sometimes acting in concert with biological agencies) exercised a powerful influence upon the balance struck between population and available resources via their effects upon the reproduction, health and life expectancy of humans, crops, and livestock. Prevailing socio‐economic conditions and institutions, in turn, shaped society's susceptibility to these environmental shocks and shifts.
GA‐binding protein is involved in altered expression of ribosomal protein L32 gene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Differentiation of BC3H1 myoblasts to myocytes is accompanied by a 67% drop in the rate of rpL32 gene transcription. Addition of high concentrations of serum to resting myocyte populations stimulates cell growth and subsequent dedifferentiation to proliferating myoblasts with a return to the normal rate of rpL32 gene transcription. During these growth rate changes the binding activities of previously identified factors (β, γ, δ) which interact with the rpL32 gene promoter were examined by mobility shift assays. Binding of the β factor (an Ets related protein) to an oligonucleotide containing the β element was reduced significantly in myocycle nuclear extracts, but subsequent dedifferentiation increased binding within 30 min in either the presence or absence of the cycloheximide. Binding of the γ and δ factors to their respective elements changed only slightly during these processes. Dephosphorylation of either myoblast or myocyte extracts resulted in increased binding of the β factor suggesting that binding activity of the β factor is modulated by phosphorylation during the changes in BC3H1 myoblasts growth rate. In addition, mobility shift assays with recombinant GABP α and β proteins and their specific antibodies revealed that GABP proteins bind to the rpL32 gene promoter in a sequence dependent manner, and that similar proteins are present in BC3H1 myoblast/myocyte extracts. These results support the premise that the GABP heterodimer is the rpL32 β factor. Furthermore, during BC3H1 myoblast differentiation and dedifferentiation neither the levels of the GABP α and β proteins nor their respective mRNAs change. These results suggest that GABP is a constitutively expressed protein and is involved in regulating rpL32 gene by post-transcriptional modifications. J. Cell. Biochem. 65:287–307. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Therapeutic targeting of PLK1 in TERT promoter‐mutant hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Hotspot mutations in the promoter of telomerase reverse transcriptase ( TERT ) gene are the most common genetic variants in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and associated with poor prognosis of the disease. However, no drug was currently approved for treating TERT promoter mutation positive HCC patients. Here, we aim to explore the potential therapeutic strategy for targeting TERT promoter mutation in HCC. Methods The Liver Cancer Model Repository database was used for screening potential drugs to selectively suppress the growth of TERT promoter mutant HCC cells. RNA‐seq, CRISPR‐Cas9 technology and siRNA transfection were performed for mechanistic studies. Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK8) assay and the xenograft tumour models were used for cell growth detection in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were analysed by Annexin V‐FITC staining and/or propidium iodide staining. Results PLK1 inhibitors were remarkably more sensitive to HCC cells harbouring TERT promoter mutation than wild‐type cells in vitro and in vivo, which were diminished after TERT promoter mutation was edited to the wild‐type nucleotide. Comparing the HCC cells with wild‐type promoter of TERT , PLK1 inhibitors specifically downregulated Smad3 to regulate TERT for inducing apoptosis and G2/M arrest in TERT mutant HCC cells. Moreover, knockout of Smad3 counteracted the effects of PLK1 inhibitors in TERT mutant HCC cells. Finally, a cooperative effect of PLK1 and Smad3 inhibition was observed in TERT mutant cells. Conclusions PLK1 inhibition selectively suppressed the growth of TERT mutant HCC cells through Smad3, thus contributed to discover a novel therapeutic strategy to treat HCC patients harbouring TERT promoter mutations. Key points TERT promoter mutation confers sensitivity to PLK1 inhibitors in HCC. The selective growth inhibition of TERT mutant HCC cells induced by PLK1 inhibitor was mediated by Smad3. Combined inhibition of PLK1 and Smad3 showed a cooperative anti‐tumor effect in TERT mutant HCC cells.
THE JOURNAL OF FOOD DISTRIBUTION RESEARCH: A 15-YEAR PERSPECTIVE, 1984-1998

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In order to identify future implications for research in a discipline, it is sometimes necessary to investigate areas that have been examined previously. In this paper, a content analysis of 15 years of research articles published in the Journal of Food Distribution Research was undertaken to examine the direction that researchers have taken in the field of food distribution. An identification was made of the salient subject/topic areas documented over a significant period of time, 1984 through 1998.
Synergistic Effect of Simultaneous versus Sequential Combined Treatment of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Valproic Acid with Etoposide on Melanoma Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer, which is intrinsically resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Combination therapy has been developed to overcome this challenge and show synergistic anticancer effects on melanoma. Notably, the histone deacetylase inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), has been indicated as a potential sensitizer of chemotherapy drugs on various metastatic cancers, including advanced melanoma. In this study, we explored whether VPA could serve as an effective sensitizer of chemotherapy drug etoposide (ETO) on B16-F10 and SK-MEL-2-Luc melanoma cell lines in response to drug-induced DNA damages. Our results demonstrated that the VPA-ETO simultaneous combined treatment and ETO pretreated sequential combined treatment generated higher inhibitory effectivities than the individual treatment of each drug. We found the VPA-ETO simultaneous combined treatment contributed to the synergistic inhibitory effect by the augmented DNA double-strand breaks, accompanied by a compromised homologous recombination activity. In comparison, the ETO pretreated sequential combined treatment led to synergistic inhibitory effect via enhanced apoptosis. Surprisingly, the enhanced homologous recombination activity and G2/M phase arrest resulted in the antagonistic effect in both cells under VPA pretreated sequential combined treatment. In summary, our findings suggested that sequential order and effective dose of drug administration in VPA-ETO combination therapy could induce different cellular responses in melanoma cells. Such understanding might help potentiate the effectiveness of melanoma treatment and highlight the importance of sequential order and effective dose in combination therapy.
Model-Free Detection and Following of Moving Objects by an Omnidirectional Mobile Robot using 2D Range Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The ability of mobile robots to detect and track moving targets is frequently considered as an important behavior that is a necessary pre-requisite while developing autonomous robots intended to coexist with humans or other dynamic objects in a shared environment. If the robot can track dynamic objects this is further simplifying the development of autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance behaviors as well as the robot ability to operate within multi-agent formations. The approach proposed in this investigation allows a KUKA youBot omnidirectional mobile platform, equipped with a 2D LiDAR sensor to detect and follow a moving target (i.e. another mobile robot) in a shared indoor environment. It uses a nonparametric representation of the dynamic objects that is independent of their classes and shapes. The target following holonomic mobile robot is also maintaining a pre-specified relative position and orientation with respect to the tracked dynamic object by controlling its own linear and angular velocity.
Where Is the Love? Thoughts on Kamala Surayya’s Affective Politics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This essay tries to reflect on the least digestible aspects of the well-known poet and fiction writer Kamala Das / Surayya’s thought. It seeks to examine her foray into politics in the light of the history of the discursive shaping of modern gender in Kerala on the one hand, and of feminist thought that has sought to revalue love as a virtue in public life on the other. I seek to read her repeated calls to infuse politics with love as part of an attempt to articulate an ‘affective politics’. I focus on three aspects of her writing that have been sources of ‘interpretative trouble’ for literary criticism in Kerala: self-love, love for the Masculine Other, and ‘love for the people’. What results is an imagining of politics strikingly similar to feminist imaginations elsewhere, which does encourage us to re-examine Das’s self-professed anti-feminism.
Unique Challenges and Strengths For Families Formed Through International Adoption

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Adoption has been shown to be an effective intervention, offering children the possibility of recovery and healthy development within an adoptive family. Nevertheless, it presents unique and complex challenges that can cause difficulties for adoptees and their families, while also providing the opportunity to grow stronger. These challenges are chiefly related to emotional bonds and family integration, psychosocial development and adjustment, reconciliation with origins and personal history, and the ability to deal with the stress associated with these processes. The dramatic increase in international adoption, especially in Spain, has led to important advances in research in these areas, which are reviewed in this chapter.
Resettlement action plan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Lagos Metropolitan Development Project in Nigeria is a major investment in basic infrastructure towards improving the quality of life of Lagos State inhabitants, in particular, people living in slums. This will entail civil works, as well as rehabilitation works in slum areas, in water supply and sanitation, roads, drainage, power and other critical, basic infrastructure. The project will thus require displacement and relocation of people, currently residing around the proposed roads, or on other land intended for public infrastructure works. This Resettlement Policy Framework provides details on the populations affected, the regulation framework, the methods used to identify project affected persons (PAPs), the methods and scope of consultation with PAPs on resettlement issues, the resettlement and compensation packages, the institutional arrangements for implementing the RAP, its cost, special assistance to vulnerable PAPs, and external and internal monitoring. Eligibility for resettlement and compensation is based upon the country's legislation on resettlement, and the Bank's operational directive on involuntary resettlement. Any household identified as owning structures affected by the project is eligible for resettlement and compensation packages. Vulnerable groups will be compensated for any disturbance due to relocation. Social links will not be hindered by the relocation, and people will remain as close to employment opportunities as possible. Land for land compensation will be available for housing, and for commercial relocation as well.
[Micellar liquid chromatography and its application in toxicological analysis].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) is a reversed phase liquid chromatography with mobile phases containing surfactant above its critical micellar concentration (CMC). The basic mechanism and advantages of MLC in physicochemical analysis were reviewed, and its applications in analysis of drugs, barbiturates, benzodiazepines were chiefly introduced in this paper. MLC is a potential method to toxicological analysis due to strong selectivity, wide application scope and easy biological samples, etc.