jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Quality of Water Using Fuzzy Reasoning and Multiple Regression Analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

全国(広島地区および他地区)の名水の水質化学分析と利き水(官能検査)を実施し、名水の化学的評価基準が「厚生省おいしい水の要件」の水質基準と合致するか否か検証を試みた。その結果、利き水と総硬度、有機物、鉄イオンおよび重炭酸イオンとの相関が比較的高く、厚生省の水質基準とほぼ合致することが明かとなった。さらに、広島地区の水から得られたデータを用いて、この4項目を説明変数とする重回帰式を作り他地区の水のおいしさを判定したら、実用的な精度は得られなかった。一方、後件部を実数値とする簡略ファジィ推論を用いて同様に判定したら良好な結果が得られ、ファジィ推論の有効性が確認できた。
NNK-induced DNA damage as measured by the comet assay is a marker of lung cancer risk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1887 Purposes: Reduced capacity to repair mutagen-induced DNA damage is implicated in susceptibility to cancer development. The nicotine-derived nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) induced lung adenocarcinogen through formation of DNA adducts. Methods: We used the comet assay to assess whether susceptibility to NNK-induced DNA damage was associated with increased risk of lung cancer in a hospital-based case-control study. We measured baseline and NNK-induced DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocyte assays from 401 previously untreated Caucasian lung cancer cases and 388 matched healthy controls. DNA damage using NNK as the mutagen challenge was visualized with the comet assay and quantified by the Olive tail moment parameter. Multivariable analysis was used to assess risks for lung cancer associated with level of DNA damage. Results: The baseline levels of DNA damage were statistically significantly higher in cases than in controls (tail moments: 1.22±0.57 vs. 1.14±0.50, P =0.025), as were NNK-induced DNA damage (2.42±1.15 vs. 2.16±1.07, P =0.001). The net NNK-induced DNA damage (NNK-induced subtracted by baseline) was also significantly higher in cases compared with controls (1.20 vs. 1.03, P = 0.018). When data were dichotomized at the median value of olive tail moments in the controls and adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status, higher levels of net NNK-induced DNA damage were associated with a significantly increased lung cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.94). In addition, there was also a significant dose effect. Compared to individuals in the lowest quartile of damage, the ORs for individuals in the second, third and fourth quartiles were 1.32 (95% CI: 0.86-2.03), 1.59 (95% CI: 1.04-2.43), and 1.78 (95% CI: 1.17-2.70), respectively (P-for trend =0.005). In stratified analysis, the elevated risk appeared to be higher in adenocarcinoma (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.05-2.13) than in other histologies (OR=1.38, 95% CI, 0.95-2.00), and higher in heavy smokers (OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.09-2.47) than in light smokers (OR=1.49, 95% CI, 0.79-2.79). Conclusions: This is the first study to use NNK as a challenge mutagen in the comet assay. The results suggest that NNK-induced DNA damage is associated with an increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma and the net NNK-induced olive tail moment measure may serve as a useful predictor of lung cancer risk. Supported by NCI grants CA 55769, CA 70907 and CA 86390.
A Survey on Mining Frequent Itemsets over Data Streams

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mining frequent itemsets over data stream has been challenging task.The incoming data from various sources like ecommerce website, click streams, text, audio, weather forecasting etc. are massive unbounded and high speed that it is impractical to store all, process and scan complete data at the same time to extract information.While processing memory and time are the main parameters must be minimum consumed.Thus the paper provides different algorithms for mining over static and dynamic data also known as data stream.
Thermomechanical treatment and corrosion resistance correlation in the AA2198 Al–Cu–Li alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The influence of T3, T8 and T851 thermomechanical treatments on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the AA2198 was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used for microstructural characterisation, whereas electrochemical methods were employed to analyse the corrosion behaviour of the alloy. The morphology and composition of constituent particles were similar for the T3 and T8 thermomechanical treatments but varied in the T851. There was an inverse relation between T1 phase density and corrosion resistance. The T3 treatment with the highest corrosion resistance was the one with the lowest density of T1 phase. The mechanisms of corrosion varied with the thermomechanical treatments.
Corner cases, singularities, and dynamic factoring

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In Eikonal equations, rarefaction is a common phenomenon known to degrade the rate of convergence of numerical methods. The `factoring' approach alleviates this difficulty by deriving a PDE for a new (locally smooth) variable while capturing the rarefaction-related singularity in a known (non-smooth) `factor'. Previously this technique was successfully used to address rarefaction fans arising at point sources. In this paper we show how similar ideas can be used to factor the 2D rarefactions arising due to nonsmoothness of domain boundaries or discontinuities in PDE coefficients. Locations and orientations of such rarefaction fans are not known in advance and we construct a `just-in-time factoring' method that identifies them dynamically. The resulting algorithm is a generalization of the Fast Marching Method originally introduced for the regular (unfactored) Eikonal equations. We show that our approach restores the first-order convergence and illustrate it using a range of maze navigation examples with non-permeable and `slowly permeable' obstacles.
Integrated Rice-Fish Farming: Safeguarding Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for Sustainable Food Production in the Mekong Delta

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A comparison of agricultural practices, with a specific focus on pesticide use, between rice and rice-fish farmers in the Cần Thơ and Tiền Giang provinces of the Mekong Delta in 2007, shows that integrated rice-fish farming can provide a competitive alternative to intensive rice mono-cropping, if the farmer restricts the use of pesticides and takes full advantage of the ecosystem services provided by the rice-field ecosystem. In Cần Thơ, rice-fish farmers had significantly higher income (43.6 million dong ha−1 year−1) than other farmer groups, while this was not seen among rice-fish famers in Tiền Giang (32.4 million dong ha−1 year−1), which partly could be due to a high use of insecticides (0.9 kg active ingredient ha−1 crop−1) and comparatively low fish yield among these farmers. The study emphasizes the need to rethink current agricultural systems and to provide opportunities for more diverse systems that maintain and enhance a range of ecosystem services and protect human health. Future production systems should not be optimized to only provide a single ecosystem service, such as rice, but designed to deliver a variety of interlinked ecosystem service such as rice, fish, pest control, and nutrient recycling. Keywords: rice-fish farmingpesticidesecosystem servicesbiodiversityMekong Deltaagroecosystem Acknowledgments This study was made with financial support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). Practical support was given by a number of institutions in Southern Vietnam. Special thanks are due to Dr. Nguyen Thanh Phoung at the Cần Thơ University and Nguyen Minh Thanh at the Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 2.
Some nonclassical properties of a finite dimensional even and odd pair coherent state

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The exponential form of even and odd pair coherent state (EOPCS) is constructed. The EOPCS is generalized to a finite dimensional EOPCS in the Hilbert space, and then its orthonormalized property, completeness relations and some noncalssical properties are discussed. It is shown that the finite dimensional EOPCS has normalized and completeness relations, but not orthogonal relations. By virtue of the numerical computation method, we find that, for any value of q, in different ranges of the parameter |ξ| the 5-dimensional EOPCS for the modes 1 and 2 exhibit anti-bunching effect and the photons between the two modes are always correlated. The different peak structures of the phase probability distributions for the 7-dimensional EOPCS show remarkably different quantum interference properties.
The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: A State of Neoplastic Senescence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A novel pathogenesis of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (PLAM) is presented incorporating a review of clinical and pathology research on the disease together with a review of research in the field of senescence. In this model of pathogenesis it is proposed that: 1) the primary site of origin for this disease is the Mullerian smooth muscle found in the female reproductive tract and this accounts for the striking female predominance of the disease; 2) the tumor spreads to the lungs via a mechanism similar to lymphangitic carcinomatosis and this accounts for its universal symmetric and bilateral distribution; 3) there is a mutational basis for a senescence-associated growth arrest which helps explain the absence of enlarging tumor masses in the lung despite years of disease duration; and 4) PLAM cells have a senescence-associated secretory phenotype with implications for the pathogenesis of the cystic transformation of the lungs. The secretory phenotype of PLAM cells is reviewed and the overlap with the senescence associated secretory phenotype products of known senescent cells is documented. The role of the switch to glycolytic metabolism (Warburg state) by PLAM cells is described. Finally, the “contradictory signals” hypothesis for the induction of the senescent state is explored and its role in PLAM described.
Novel flower-like CoS hierarchitectures: one-pot synthesis and electrochemical properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Novel 3D flower-like CoS hierarchitectures and CoS microspheres have been synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. A growth mechanism has been proposed for the nanostructures. Temperature and precursor concentration are the key factors influencing the nanostructures. Electrochemical measurements display high discharge capacity and excellent cycle stability.
Growth Regulator Interactions in the Growth of the Shoot System ofAvena sativaSeedling

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Growth Regulator Interactions in the Growth of the Shoot System of Avena sativa Seedling: II. THE GROWTH OF THE FIRST LEAF AND THE COLEOPTILE1 Get access E. K. NG, E. K. NG Bedford College, London University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. J. AUDUS L. J. AUDUS Bedford College, London University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 16, Issue 1, January 1965, Pages 107–127, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/16.1.107 Published: 01 January 1965 Article history Received: 28 August 1963 Published: 01 January 1965
Supplementary Figures 1-5 from Inhibition of Autophagy Enhances Anticancer Effects of Atorvastatin in Digestive Malignancies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Figures 1-5 from Inhibition of Autophagy Enhances Anticancer Effects of Atorvastatin in Digestive Malignancies
Differences in Phenolic Levels among Mature Peach and Nectarine Cultivars and their Relation to Astringency.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phenolic contents in developing and mature fruits of peach (Prunus persica Batsch var. vulgaris Maxim.) and nectarine (P. persica Batsch var. nucipersica Schneid.) cultivars were compared in relation to astringency. Total phenolic contents varied widely among the peach cultivars, being low in 'Wase-momoyama, ' 'Setouchi-hakuto, ' 'Takei-hakuho, ' 'Saotome' and 'Shimizu-hakuto' and high in 'Golden Peach, ' 'Hakuto, ' 'Mishima-hakuto, ' 'Koho' and 'Koyo-hakuto' ; 'Kodaira-wase' and 'Okubo' were intermediate. The content of higher molecular fraction of phenolic compounds was positively correlated with the total phenolic concentration. Two nectarine cultivars, 'Shuho' and 'Fantasia, ' had consistently higher levels of total and higher molecular phenolic compounds. The total phenolic contents in 'Shimizu-hakuto' and 'Hakuto' peach fruit decreased toward the end of Stage 1 of their growth curve ; thereafter, they increased rapidly and reached a maximum in the middle of Stage 2, and then rapidly decreased to a lower level during Stage 3. Total and higher molecular phenolic contents were greater in 'Hakuto' than in 'Shimizu-hakuto' throughout fruit growth, especially during Stage 2. Based on these results, the degree of astringency among the peach and nectarine cultivars is discussed.
BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF SERUM β-HYDROXYBUTYRATE DEHYDROGENASE IN β-THALASSEMIA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Thalassemia is a healthcare challenging disease all over the world.It imparts a great burden on patients' families and healthcare institutions.Scientists focus on new aspects to overcome these challenges and increase patient tolerance of disease complications.This study aims to quantify β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase BHBDH activity in thalassemia patients compared to the control group and their correlation with the patient's demographic characteristics.Methods: To do so, serum was collected from patients and the control group and analyzed biochemically for targeted laboratory tests.We determined β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase from normal human serum using biochemical molecular techniques.Results: The results showed that BHBDH activity is significantly higher in the patients compared to the control group regardless of age, sex, or marital status.The results confirmed that enzyme activity and the purification folds were (0.0214 U/ml) and (51.7) respectively for the partially purified enzyme.Furthermore, the proportional molecular weight of the incompletely isolated β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase was (125.8±0.5 kDa) using gel filtration chromatography.The comparative molecular weight of the subunit of partially isolated β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase was (32.1±0.5 kDa) using SDS-PAGE.Conclusion: we demonstrate that BHBDH enzymatic activity is higher than control and this could be a prognostic or diagnostic tool in thalassemia patients.
In vitro evaluation of the Long-term bond strength of two resin cements to enamel and dentin

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background and Aims : In this in vitro study, the long-term bond strength of a self-adhesive resin cement and conventional resin cements to human enamel and dentin was compared . Materials and Methods: 80 sections of intact human third molars were randomly assigned into eight groups according to the cement type [Rely X Unicem (RXU), Rely X ARC (RXA)], bond substrate (enamel, dentin) and the duration of water storage (24 h or 1 year). Rods of cements (0.75×1 mm) were prepared on the top surface of specimens using Tygon tubes. The micro-shear bond strengths of specimens were measured by a micro-tensile tester. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed ranks and Mann Whitney tests ( α =0.05). Results: The bond strengths of RXA and RXU cements to enamel after 24h were 18.56±4.08 MPa and 14.99±4.17 MPa, and after 1 year were 19.41±6.24 MPa and 15.51±6.17 MPa, respectively. The bond strengths of RXA and RXU cements to dentin were 13.36±4.02 MPa and 14.16±4.69 MPa after 24h , and 14.63±5.96 MPa and 14.08±6.72 MPa after 1 year, respectively. Tooth substrate had significant effect only on the shear bond strength of RXA cement after 24h (P=0.01), while no other significant differences were found in this study (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, one-step self-adhesive and multi-step conventional resin cements were similarly effective in bonding to enamel and dentin after 1 year water storage.
Future High-Yielding Elite Germplasm that Can Sleep Under Water for Longer Time

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rice (Oryza. Sativa. L) is a highly adaptable cereal crop that can be cultivated in varied agroecology from high altitude to low altitude from rainfed lowland, rainfed upland, irrigated lowland, deep water, and mangrove swamps. However, more than 25% (38Mha) of global rice growing area is under rainfed lowland ecology and deep water ecosystem, which faces frequent short-term submergence stress due to flash floods in a million small-scale farmers in South and Southeast Asia. Identification of the SUB1 QTL, which ensures 14 days of survival of rice seedlings underwater, and the subsequent integration of SUB1 and yields improvement of this ecosystem is a major challenge due to the complexity of the flooding ecosystem. Flash floods can occur at any stage, and short-term submergence can happen beyond 14 days. Therefore, future rice food security heavily depends on the rapid development of high-yielding breeding lines that exhibit high tolerance to submergence, and flooding tolerance is critical. In this presentation, we will discuss how at International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), we developed a systematic phenotypic screening and breeding strategy to develop the next generation submergence tolerant germplasm that can survive up to 21 days instead of 14 days. Through our phenotypic screening efforts, we identified 35 potential high-yielding elite lines with high tolerance to submergence (>90% survival rate). The elite breeding pools provide a valuable genetic resource for future submergence breeding, which can be leveraged with modern breeding approaches to enhance the genetic gain and unravel novel genetic mechanisms beyond SUB1 to help mitigate the increasing effect of flooding on rice production under extremely low land ecologies.
Microstructure and Texture Design of NiAl via Thermomechanical Processing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Processing of NiAl polycrystals at different temperatures by axisymmetric deformation (extrusion through a round die, uniaxial compression) and plane strain deformation (extrusion through a rectangular die, rolling) leads to specific textures. Depending on temperature and strain, dynamic recrystallization takes place, whereas annealing leads to static recrystallization. In general, the microstructures and textures of NiAl are changed by recrystallization. The development of the deformation and recrystallization textures by thermomechanical treatment is discussed by means of different models on polycrystal deformation and recrystallization, respectively. Conclusions concerning the anisotropy of the elastic and plastic properties are drawn.
TNANet: A Temporal-Noise-Aware Neural Network for Suicidal Ideation Prediction with Noisy Physiological Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The robust generalization of deep learning models in the presence of inherent noise remains a significant challenge, especially when labels are subjective and noise is indiscernible in natural settings. This problem is particularly pronounced in many practical applications. In this paper, we address a special and important scenario of monitoring suicidal ideation, where time-series data, such as photoplethysmography (PPG), is susceptible to such noise. Current methods predominantly focus on image and text data or address artificially introduced noise, neglecting the complexities of natural noise in time-series analysis. To tackle this, we introduce a novel neural network model tailored for analyzing noisy physiological time-series data, named TNANet, which merges advanced encoding techniques with confidence learning, enhancing prediction accuracy. Another contribution of our work is the collection of a specialized dataset of PPG signals derived from real-world environments for suicidal ideation prediction. Employing this dataset, our TNANet achieves the prediction accuracy of 63.33% in a binary classification task, outperforming state-of-the-art models. Furthermore, comprehensive evaluations were conducted on three other well-known public datasets with artificially introduced noise to rigorously test the TNANet's capabilities. These tests consistently demonstrated TNANet's superior performance by achieving an accuracy improvement of more than 10% compared to baseline methods.
Lavage for Camphor Poisoning

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the January issue of PIR (2:212, 1981) the comment on the abstract "Camphor Toxicity" states that "Acute poisoning usually is treated by induced emesis." A reader questioned this, stating that emesis probably increases the risk of seizures in camphor poisoning, and suggested that a safer procedure was to use saline lavage followed by activated charcoal and a saline cathartic. This is indeed the correct approach as Dr Rapkin originally wrote in his abstract. Somehow gremlins got into the editorial process.
Is Post-Mortem Organ Donation a Duty Towards Society and Can It Be Justified by Public Interest? Recent Bills to Amend the German Transplantation Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The issue of organ donation from deceased donors remains unsatisfactorily resolved in Germany. The number of donors has remained very low in recent years. Consequently, the German Bundestag was holding a debate on two MP bills aimed at amending the organ transplantation law. Two main bills were presented by different groups of MPs. The more controversial of them, supported by the Minister of Health, tried to introduce the opt-out model into Germany’s organ transplantation system. The second one aimed to improve the existing opt-in model. During the final voting, the Bundestag decided against the opt-out model and in favour of the improved opt-in one. In some experts’ eyes, an opt-out model imposes an obligation on the citizens to donate an organ after brain death. Can such a duty to the society be justified by public interest or other principles? The goal of this article is to offer an answer to this question by analysing the provisions of the German constitution.
LHD 5p5L-AL01-NF #193435.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.
Credit and the Labour Share: Evidence from US States

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract We investigate the role of credit markets as a cause for changes in the US labour share. Causal evidence is provided that the labour share declined between 0.8 and 1.2 percentage points following the interstate banking deregulation, explaining more than half of the overall reduction during that period. The lower costs of credit and greater bank competition in each state are mechanisms that led to the decline. To quantify the relationship between credit and factor payments, we calibrate a model with financial frictions and highlight financial development as a potential channel for the reduction in labour share observed globally.