jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hodnocení přesnosti kontinuálního měření glykémie pacientem prostřednictvím Clarkovy analýzy chybové mřížky

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study is to compare the difference between the accuracy declared by the producer of continuous glucose determination using the MiniMed Paradigm REAL-Time system with the results achieved by patients in real life. The glucose sensor evaluates the catalytic transformation of glucose (enzyme glucose dehydrogenase) to hydrogen peroxide, the concentration of which is electrochemically evaluated. The accuracy of measurements was determined by Clarke Error Grid Analysis. It can be concluded that in normal glyceamia (4.4 to 10.0 mmol/l) the measurements realized by the parients are more accurate that it is supposed by the producer, opposite to the cases of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia.
Transitory Service Systems.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many (perhaps most) service systems, such as repair and job shops, computation centers, and transportation networks, experience demand that is non-stationary in time. The paper describes models for situations in which demands made are by a finite number of individuals, who, having been served, do not return until much later. Such a transitory demand or arrival process describes many phenomena, among them being commuter rush hours, and also perhaps the effect on a population of individuals their simultaneous exposure to a dosage of medicine, a disease, or even a pollutant. The paper formulates several models for the service of such demands and describes the manner in which system state may be approximated by Gaussian processes, in particular the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and Wiener diffusions. (Author)
2. System of Training Physicians Specializing in Cancer Chemotherapy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

日本臨床腫瘍学会が腫瘍内科医を養成する専門医制度を持つ．腫瘍内科医はがん薬物療法を中心に全人的ながん治療・ケアができる．そのためには卒後初期研修のあと，5年間の腫瘍内科研修で，がんに関する基礎から診断，治療，緩和医療まで幅広い知識と技術の修得が求められる．最終的には，悪性疾患30例の病歴要約の査読と面接・筆記試験に合格して専門医の資格を得るが，その後も研修参加と更新試験が課せられる．
P14.13: Agreement between two‐ and three‐dimensional methods for the assessment of the fetal head‐symphysis distance in active labor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To assess the intermethod agreement between two- (2D) and three dimensional (3D) transperineal ultrasound methods in measuring a new index of fetal head station (the fetal head-symphysis distance; HSD) in active labor, and to assess potential factors that may affect the agreement between the latter two methods. The fetal head-symphysis distance was measured by transperineal ultrasound in 86 women in active labor once using 2D and once using 3D technique. 2D images were acquired first in 43 women and 3D images were acquired first in the other 43 women. Intermethod agreement between 2D and 3D methods was analyzed by means of intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman method. In addition, potential factors affecting the intermethod reproducibility were investigated including fetal occiput position, order of acquisition, fetal head station, stage of labor, maternal BMI and epidural analgesia using ANOVA test to check for systematic bias and Levene's test for homoscedasticity. A good agreement was demonstrated between 2D and 3D measurements of HSD (ICC 0.949, 95% CI: 0.914 to 0.984). No evidence of systematic difference was shown between the two methods (average difference±SD: 0.04±2.29 mm, P = 0.888. The order of acquisition was the unique factor that had a significant effect (P = 0.042) on systematic difference between 2D and 3D (the first observation was higher independently of the methods used), while fetal head station had a significant effect (P = 0.004) on the homogeneity between the two methods with a better 2D-3D agreement obtained in lower head stations (SD of differences: 1.63 vs. 2.59 mm). HSD assessment using 2D and 3D methods have a good agreement. Both methods can be used interchangeably for the assessment of HSD. The agreement was better in lower fetal head stations.
sj-docx-1-jex-10.1177_0022057421996243 – Supplemental material for Exploring the Perceptions of Male Teachers About the Shortage of Male Elementary School Teachers: A Q Methodology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jex-10.1177_0022057421996243 for Exploring the Perceptions of Male Teachers About the Shortage of Male Elementary School Teachers: A Q Methodology by Kurt Meader and Karen H. Larwin in Journal of Education
RAY METHODS FOR INTERNAL WAVES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

▪ Abstract We review the use of ray models for internal waves, particularly formulations for calculating wave amplitudes along the ray. These are expressed in spatial, wave number, and phase-space coordinates. The choice of formulation affects not only the difficulty of the calculations for rays and caustics but also the degree to which the waves satisfy slowly varying assumptions. We describe several examples taken from atmospheric and oceanic applications that illustrate the variety of options for ray models.
A New Approach for Feature Selection from Microarray Data Based on Mutual Information

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mutual information (MI) is a powerful concept for correlation-centric applications. It has been used for feature selection from microarray gene expression data in many works. One of the merits of MI is that, unlike many other heuristic methods, it is based on a mature theoretic foundation. When applied to microarray data, however, it faces some challenges. First, due to the large number of features (i.e., genes) present in microarray data, the true distributions for the expression values of some genes may be distorted by noise. Second, evaluating inter-group mutual information requires estimating multi-variate distributions, which is quite difficult if not impossible. To address these problems, in this paper, we propose a new MI-based feature selection approach for microarray data. Our approach relies on two strategies: one is relevance boosting, which requires a desirable feature to show substantially additional relevance with class labeling beyond the already selected features, the other is feature interaction enhancing, which probabilistically compensates for feature interaction missing from simple aggregation-based evaluation. We justify our approach from both theoretical perspective and experimental results. We use a synthetic dataset to show the statistical significance of the proposed strategies, and real-life datasets to show the improved performance of our approach over the existing methods.
Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Immune Dysfunctions: Impact of Protein-Bound Uremic Retention Solutes on Immune Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Regardless of the primary disease responsible for kidney failure, patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) have in common multiple impairments of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, the pathophysiology of which has long remained enigmatic. CKD-associated immune dysfunction includes chronic low-grade activation of monocytes and neutrophils, which induces endothelial damage and increases cardiovascular risk. Although innate immune effectors are activated during CKD, their anti-bacterial capacity is impaired, leading to increased susceptibility to extracellular bacterial infections. Finally, CKD patients are also characterized by profound alterations of cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses, which account for an increased risk for malignancies and viral infections. This review summarizes the recent emerging data that link the pathophysiology of CKD-associated immune dysfunctions with the accumulation of microbiota-derived metabolites, including indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, the two best characterized protein-bound uremic retention solutes.
Elucidation of the Cranial Arterial Anatomy Using the Transorbital Endoscopic Approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

New surgical techniques that access the orbit and intracranial cavity have been developed in recent years called transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery. The superior eyelid route, as a transorbital corridor, is a clinically feasible route to access selected anterior and middle skull base pathologies. However, studies regarding the suitability of this approach in vascular surgery are lacking. In this study, transorbital endoscopic dissections were performed bilaterally in 4 cadavers through the superior eyelid approach. The authors aimed to define the arterial vascular structures that can be accessed through this approach. In this study, the M1 and M2 segments of the middle cerebral artery and the branches originating from it were accessible with a 0 degree endoscope after an appropriate dissection. Thus, the endoscopic superior eyelid approach may be a novel alternative approach for some cranial pathologies.
Understanding the gut–kidney axis in nephrolithiasis: an analysis of the gut microbiota composition and functionality of stone formers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives The involvement of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of calcium nephrolithiasis has been hypothesised since the discovery of the oxalate-degrading activity of Oxalobacter formigenes , but never comprehensively studied with metagenomics. The aim of this case–control study was to compare the faecal microbiota composition and functionality between recurrent idiopathic calcium stone formers (SFs) and controls. Design Faecal samples were collected from 52 SFs and 48 controls (mean age 48±11). The microbiota composition was analysed through 16S rRNA microbial profiling approach. Ten samples (five SFs, five controls) were also analysed with deep shotgun metagenomics sequencing, with focus on oxalate-degrading microbial metabolic pathways. Dietary habits, assessed through a food-frequency questionnaire, and 24-hour urinary excretion of prolithogenic and antilithogenic factors, including calcium and oxalate, were compared between SFs and controls, and considered as covariates in the comparison of microbiota profiles. Results SFs exhibited lower faecal microbial diversity than controls (Chao1 index 1460±363vs 1658±297, fully adjusted p=0.02 with stepwise backward regression analysis). At multivariate analyses, three taxa ( Faecalibacterium , Enterobacter , Dorea ) were significantly less represented in faecal samples of SFs. The Oxalobacter abundance was not different between groups. Faecal samples from SFs exhibited a significantly lower bacterial representation of genes involved in oxalate degradation, with inverse correlation with 24-hour oxalate excretion (r=−0.87, p=0.002). The oxalate-degrading genes were represented in several bacterial species, whose cumulative abundance was inversely correlated with oxaluria (r=−0.85, p=0.02). Conclusions Idiopathic calcium SFs exhibited altered gut microbiota composition and functionality that could contribute to nephrolithiasis physiopathology.
Schwarzschild black hole can also produce super-radiation phenomena

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

According to traditional theory, the Schwarzschild black hole does not produce super radiation. If the boundary conditions are set in advance, the possibility is combined with the wave function of the coupling of the boson in the Schwarzschild black hole, and the mass of the incident boson acts as a mirror, so even if the Schwarzschild black hole can also produce super-radiation phenomena.
Noninvasive vaginal rejuvenation.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Vaginal rejuvenation procedures are designed to improve the aesthetic appearance and/or function of the female genitalia. The popularity of these techniques continues to increase as more patients seek to reverse the effects of aging, childbearing, and/or hormonal changes. Newer strategies focus on laser and radiofrequency (RF) devices, which have provided noninvasive options for treatment. In this article, we review the safety and efficacy data behind these modalities.
Temporal Variation in Cyprid Quality and Juvenile Growth Capacity for an Intertidal Barnacle

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Implicit in past studies of recruitment is the assumption that all new recruits possess the same capacity for juvenile growth, and that observed variation in juvenile growth and survival is due entirely to spatial and temporal variation in food availability, magnitude of physical stresses, and intensity of competition and predation. We set out to determine if daily larval cohorts of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides differ in mean physiological quality and, therefore, in their potential for recruiting to adult populations. To assess larval physiological quality, we measured the organic content of nonfeeding cyprid larvae attaching on five dates (10–15 d intervals) during the 1995 recruitment season. Juvenile physiological quality was determined by monitoring the growth, under controlled laboratory conditions, of individuals attaching on seven dates (3–15 d intervals) during the same season. Both cyprid organic content and juvenile growth capacity differed significantly among daily cohorts. We suggest that variation in cyprid organic content may explain previous observations of temporal variation in cyprid metamorphic success and early juvenile mortality and further suggest that variation in juvenile growth capacity contributes to differences in recruitment success of daily cohorts.
A hybridization of MODWT-SVR-DE model emphasizing on noise reduction and optimal parameter selection for prediction of CO 2 emission in Thailand

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

AbstractIn present, Thailand is a major manufacturing base in Southeast Asia, which tremendously produces many sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The emission CO2 become a spotlight issue since Thailand legislated for controlling industrial carbon footprint, which resulted in carbon credit charged. In order to control and monitor those effects of GHGs, future accuracy of CO2 emission and CO2 emission equivalence play a significant role and can support critical making on suitable control and monitoring. In this research, a hybridization of MODWT-SVR-DE model is developed and proposed that employs maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) with first decomposition to reduce fluctuation of CO2 emission and CO2 emission equivalence. Afterward, the support vector regression is used to formulate complex model. Meanwhile, differential evolution is used to search given parameters of support vector regression. Moreover, the proposed model is compared to conventional forecasting models (i.e. ARIMA, Holt and simple exponential smoothing [SES]) and hybrid model of support vector regression and differential evolution. The empirical results indicated that the proposed model outperforms all candidate models and provides significant difference than candidate models at 0.05 significance levels. Consequently, the proposed model is able to be accurately applied in order to monitor the environment and support policy planners to take step with the helpful guideline.
Multi-task learning with multi-gate mixture of transformer-based experts for predictive process monitoring in manufacturing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Manufacturing industries involve both business processes and complex manufacturing processes. Predictive process monitoring techniques are effective for managing process executions by making multi-perspective real-time predictions, preventing issues such as delivery delays. Conventional predictive process monitoring for business processes focuses on predicting the next activity, next event time, and remaining time using single-task learning, which is costly and complex. For complex manufacturing processes, predictive process monitoring primarily aims to predict the remaining time, that is, product cycle time. However, single-task learning methods fail to capture all the variations within the historical process executions. To address them, we propose the multi-gate mixture of transformer-based experts framework, which leverages a transformer network within the multi-gate mixture-of-experts multi-task learning architecture to extract sequential features and employs gated expert networks to model task commonalities and differences. Empirical results demonstrate that multi-gate mixture of transformer-based experts outperforms three alternative architectures across five real-life event logs, highlighting its generalization, effectiveness, and efficiency in predictive process monitoring.
[Rumex lunaria close-up on Volcan San Antonio, Canary Islands]

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A close-up photograph of Rumex lunaria (Canary Island Sorrel) inflorescence on Volcan San Santonio, on La Palma Island, Canary Islands. Several clusters of mostly small simple, reddish, terminal flowers in a cone-like arrangement are visible. The leaves are green to reddish in color and ovate-shaped with smooth margins.
Motility and Relational Mobility of the Baka in North-Eastern Gabon

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis offers a first scientific portrait of the Baka in North-Eastern Gabon, a group of post-foragers living along the River Ivindo, and the way they practice and conceptualise mobility. The inquiry encompasses the long-term historical and the daily or short-term current mobility of this group, elicited through life histories and participant observation. The central premise of this work is that mobility is relational. Relational refers to interaction of movement and fixity, of position and outcome, and to the understanding of mobility as socially produced. The second concept employed is that of motility, the capacity or potential to be mobile. As motility analyses what comes before observable movement, of potential and actualised outcome as mobility or immobility, it takes up the idea of mobility as relational. \n \nThe Baka living on the Ivindo migrated from Cameroon and Congo into Gabon over the last approximately 60 years. In contrast to established approaches to forest forager mobility, which focus mainly on resource mobility during an annual cycle, this study considers the long-term and larger geographical perspective and shows that the quality of personal relations between Baka and their neighbours is decisive in mobility considerations. Previously these relations were characterised as a structural opposition between two ethnic groups. This analysis demonstrates the heterogeneity of people and their interactions, in the past and the present, to argue, firstly, that relations are more appropriately conceptualised as multilateral, and, secondly, that an inquiry remains incomplete without considering affections and emotions. \n \nA principal mobility factor for the Baka is the search for a good life, meaning economic improvement and freedom from violence. This search coincides with a diversification of Baka livelihoods to include subsistence practices as well as working in the gold sites of Gabon. Employing motility shows the aspirations and limitations of Baka personal and group mobility in gold work. Motility is also understood as ‘mobility capital’ and thereby helps document social change, and how gold work is undertaken with reference to Baka egalitarian social organisation to be successful. By including group and individual as well as different temporalities in the analysis, and detailing the impact of social values on mobilities, motility gives depth to the analysis of mobility.
Relationship between FGF 23, SDMA, Urea, Creatinine and Phosphate in Relation to Feline Chronic Kidney Disease

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common diagnosis in older cats, and its prevalence increases with age. Conventional indirect biomarkers of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) have their limitations, and are not efficient in detecting early decreases in glomerular filtration rate. Recently, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations have been proposed as a novel biomarker of GFR for the early detection of CKD. This study discusses the relationship between SDMA, FGF 23 and previously used indicators of kidney function, mainly creatinine, urea and phosphate. Ninety-nine cats were included in this study. Based on their SDMA values, 48 cats had CKD and the remaining 51 cats were used as a healthy control group. Serum of these cats was assayed for creatinine, urea and phosphate concentrations as well as FGF 23 values, and correlations between them were evaluated. Cats with CKD had higher FGF 23 concentrations than healthy cats, and no correlation was found between FGF 23 and SDMA, nor between FGF 23 and phosphate. On the other hand, phosphate strongly correlated with SDMA, urea and creatinine, making it a possible independent factor of CKD progression.
Obligatory cross-talk with the tyrosine kinases assembled with the TCR/CD3 complex in CD4 signal transduction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dissection of the CD4 signal transduction pathway has revealed striking similarities with the TCR/CD3 pathway. Furthermore, downstream signaling by CD4 is impaired in cells lacking surface TCR, suggesting a role for the TCR/CD3 complex in CD4 signal transduction. We have investigated the molecular basis for the dependence of CD4 signaling on TCR/CD3 expression. Using the phosphotyrosine binding domains of the Shc adaptor and the Fyn kinase, which both participate in CD4 signaling, as baits, we show that CD4 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a subset of the proteins phosphorylated in response to TCR/CD3 engagement. The phosphoprotein patterns were dramatically altered in cells defective for TCR/CD3 expression, and were recoverable by reconstitution of correctly assembled TCR, suggesting that CD4 uses TCR/CD3-associated tyrosine kinases to signal. Among the tyrosine kinases associated with the resting TCR/CD3 complex, only Fyn is activated following CD4 engagement. The failure of Fyn to become phosphorylated in cells defective for TCR expression underlines the unique role of TCR/CD3 associated Fyn in CD4 signal transduction. While no calcium mobilization was measurable in cells defective for TCR/CD3 expression in response to CD4 engagement, the Ras/MAP kinase pathway could be partially activated. Thus, CD4 activates at least two signaling pathways, and tyrosine kinases associated with the TCR/CD3 complex are key components of one of these pathways.
Mean-Absolute-Deviation Versus Least-Squares Regression Estimation of Beta Coefficients

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Much of the applied work in finance, for instance the literature on capital budgeting, assumes that a firm's management has an accurate estimate of the firm's beta. This estimate is presumably derived by running a regression of the form:where:Ri = rate of return on equity for firm i,Rf = the risk-free rate, andu = a white noise random variable.
The design of ZigBee routing algorithm in smart lighting system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid development of technology, the smart lighting system has been a part of our daily life. The control theory has absolutely changed the traditional lighting system. Due to the flexibility, lower cost and power dissipation, the smart lighting system uses ZigBee technique to realize its function. This paper proposed a new routing algorithm based on the traditional algorithm—ADPS (Address Redistribute and Path Reselection). The improved address allocation method according to the weight and network depth has been put forward. The results show that the new routing algorithm can basically optimize the real-time performance and reliability of smart lighting system.