jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Homozygous [Cys25]PTH(1-84) Mutation That Impairs PTH/PTHrP Receptor Activation Defines a Novel Form of Hypoparathyroidism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia are encountered in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (IHP) and pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP1B). In contrast to PHP1B, which is caused by resistance toward parathyroid hormone (PTH), the genetic defects leading to IHP impair production of this important regulator of mineral ion homeostasis. So far, only five PTH mutations were shown to cause IHP, each of which is located in the hormone's pre-pro leader segment and thus impair hormone secretion. In three siblings affected by IHP, we now identified a homozygous arginine-to-cysteine mutation at position 25 (R25C) of the mature PTH(1-84) polypeptide; heterozygous family members are healthy. Depending on the assay used for evaluating these patients, plasma PTH levels were either low or profoundly elevated, thus leading to ambiguities regarding the underlying diagnosis, namely IHP or PHP1B. Consistent with increased PTH levels, recombinant [Cys25]PTH(1-84) and wild-type PTH(1-84) were secreted equally well by transfected COS-7 cells. However, synthetic [Cys25]PTH(1-34) was found to have a lower binding affinity for the PTH receptor type-1 (PTH1R) than PTH(1-34) and consequently a lower efficiency for stimulating cAMP formation in cells expressing this receptor. Consistent with these in vitro findings, long-term infusion of [Cys25]PTH(1-34) resulted only in minimal calcemic and phosphaturic responses, despite readily detectable levels of [Cys25]PTH(1-34) in plasma. The mineral ion abnormalities observed in the three IHP patients are thus most likely caused by the inherited homozygous missense PTH mutation, which reduces bioactivity of the secreted hormone. Based on these findings, screening for PTH(1-84) mutations should be considered when clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with PHP1B, but GNAS methylation changes have been excluded. Differentiating between IHP and PHP1B has considerable implications for genetic counseling, therapy, and long-term outcome because treatment of IHP patients with inappropriately high doses of active vitamin D and calcium can contribute to development of nephrocalcinosis and chronic kidney disease. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Gravitational Millilensing as a Probe of Dark Halo Substructure

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

During the last 80 years of studying dark matter, the cold dark matter model has succeeded to provide a coherent description of the universe at galactic and extragalactic scales. However, its subgalactic-scale predictions are plagued by a number of unsettled questions. One such issue is “the missing satellites problem”. Along with the theoretical model, observational aspects of cosmology have also been substantially improved during the past century. The perspective of new radio arrays in the near future promises very high resolution observations in this field. Regarding gravitational lensing effects, obtaining sufficient observational data with submilliarcsecond angular resolution would shed light on such subgalactic challenges of the cold dark matter model. In this endeavour, performing simulations to imitate what the observational data of such telescopes would look like, provides us with a deeper insight on the type of sources and frequency bands in which we expect to detect the desired lensing effects. In the present work, we run a series of simulations which examine the detectability of three different dark halo substructures with different VLBI observational modes. Our results show that to detect lensing signatures made by standard dark halo substructures with current and foreseeing VLBI observational modes, we need to focus on large sources, such as radio-loud quasars which are manifested as ∼100-pc sized jets in certain frequency bands. However, if, as some astronomers propose, some fraction of the dark matter is in the form of intermediate-mass black holes with masses ranging from ∼ 103M to ∼ 106M , these observations should be able to confirm it.
From Reductionism to Holism: Systems-oriented Approaches in Cancer Research

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Somatic mutation theory of cancer has directed cancer research during the last century. A deluge of information on cellular, molecular, and genetic behavior was uncovered, but so was a mind-numbing complexity that still challenges research and concepts, and expectations in the war on cancer have by and large not been fulfilled. A change of paradigm beyond reductionism has been called for, especially as research ubiquitously points at the importance of tissue, microenvironment, extracellular matrix, embryonic and morphogenetic fields, and fields of tissue maintenance and organization in the processes of carcinogenesis, cancer control, and cancer progression, as well as in the control of cellular and genetic behavior. Holistic, organismic systems concepts open new perspectives for cancer research and treatment, as well as general biological understanding.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Pada Soal Cerita Matematika Kelas V Melalui Media “Puzzle Cermat”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research aims to improve mathematical problem solving abilities in mathematics story problem using the Smart Puzzle media. In this research, the material used in learning word problems was multiplication and divison of fractions for fifth grade elementary school students. Data collection was carried out at SD Negeri Pat Lor 05 with 22 students in class V elementary school. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which consists of II cycles, each cycle is held in 2x meetings. This research data was obtained through interviews, observations and tests. The test data resulting from mathematical problem solving abilities were analyzed based on the percentage of individual mathematical problem solving completeness. The analysis techniques used in this study are qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis. The results of the research showed that research showed that there was an increase in the percentage in cycles I and II obtained by class V students. This was shown by the students mathematical problem solving abilities referring to predetermined success criteria. The average score for cycle I was 70,3%, increasing in cycle II to 83,9%, an increase also occurred in the scores of students who had reached the KKM (80), namely increasing from 59% to 90,9%. Based on the results obtained, it can be conclude that learning using the Careful Puzzle media can improve the mathematical problem olving abilities of class V students at Pati Lor 05 Elementary School.
A Case of Kabuki Make-up Syndrome with Cleft Lip and Palate Treated by Surgical-Orthodontic Treatment

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

We report a case of Kabuki make-up syndrome associated with cleft lip and palate. The female patient was 18 years old at the time of surgery. She was diagnosed with Kabuki make-up syndrome at 7 months old. In addition to characteristic facial dysmorphic features, mental deficiency, atrial septal defect and short stature were found. During growth hormone treatment for short stature, mandibular prognathism was found. There was no internal and hematological disease except for atrial septal defect, and mental deficiency was not severe, therefore a surgical orthodontic procedure was performed uneventfully and postoperative stability was good.
Cultural Vocabulary of Chinese Novel in "Three Lives Three Worlds, Ten Miles of Peach Blossoms"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research aims to compare and classify cultural vocabulary. Including studying the Chinese language and culture from the cultural vocabulary by comparing from the novel “Three Lives Three Worlds, Ten Miles of Peach Blossoms”, The Chinese version by TangQiGongZi and The Thai version by Suree Pruksanusak. It will be based on Peter Newmark's theory of language and culture help for comparison and analysis. Because in the process of translation, The big problem that translators have to face Is the interpretation of a word or language that must be linked to the culture of the other country, Peter Newmark discovered five cultural vocabulary that will connect language and culture together. To reduce the translation barriers, In terms of environmental culture, objects culture, social culture, language cultural, gestures and habits cultural. The research results found that the culture vocabulary has 298, the most discovered cultural vocabulary is related to language has 128 (42.96%), followed by cultural vocabulary related to society has 103 (34.56%), objects has 39 (13.09%), environment has 24 (8.05%), gestures and habits have 4 (1.35%). The language cultural words found are the use of family pronoun, calling myself, calling other people and names of positions. It shows that Chinese society is a society that adheres to the senior system, class division, respect and humility to older people. As for finding idioms and the connotation means that Chinese people often do not say anything directly, both in speaking and in writing, In order to maintain kindness and show one's own level of knowledge.
Phase Diagram Reconstruction of the Bose–Hubbard Model with a Restricted Boltzmann Machine Wavefunction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently, the use of neural quantum states for describing the ground state of many- and few-body problems has been gaining popularity because of their high expressivity and ability to handle intractably large Hilbert spaces. In particular, methods based on variational Monte Carlo have proven to be successful in describing the physics of bosonic systems such as the Bose-Hubbard (BH) model. However, this technique has not been systematically tested on the parameter space of the BH model, particularly at the boundary between the Mott insulator and superfluid phases. In this work, we evaluate the capabilities of variational Monte Carlo with a trial wavefunction given by a Restricted Boltzmann Machine to reproduce the quantum ground state of the BH model on several points of its parameter space. To benchmark the technique, we compare its results to the ground state found through exact diagonalization for small one-dimensional chains. In general, we find that the learned ground state correctly estimates many observables, reproducing to a high degree the phase diagram for the first Mott lobe and part of the second one. However, we find that the technique is challenged whenever the system transitions between excitation manifolds, as the ground state is not learned correctly at these boundaries. We improve the quality of the results produced by the technique by proposing a method to discard noisy probabilities learned in the ground state.
A cytological study ofPellia epiphylla(L.) Corda in Britain with reference to the status ofPellia borealisLorbeer

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The history of Pellia borealis is outlined and its morphology compared with that of P. epiphylla. The techniques for preparing material for chromosome counts are described. Several gatherings of monoecious Pellia with large epidermal cells (P. borealis) were found to be haploid, n = 9. The size of the epidermal cells is shown to be valueless as a character for distinguishing the two species. It is concluded that only P. epiphylla should be retained as a species.We wish to record our thanks to Dr S. Arnell for examining British material and for helpful correspondence; to Dr A. J. E. Smith for his valuable advice and criticism, and for the use of cytological facilities; and to all those who have contributed material of possible P. borealis.
Vulnerability Evaluation of Personnel, Equipment and Activities as a Base for Taking of Engineer Force Protection Measures

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The article describes a vulnerability of personnel, equipment and activities as a factor determining consequences caused by threats. It defines levels of vulnerability and provides a possibility to quantify its levels for all hazards affecting each resource. In conjunction with critical assessment vulnerability evaluation enables to describe severity of each threat impact on particular resource more specifically. The threat severity together with its occurrence probability creates kay factor of risk assessment being a base for appropriate engineer force protection measure development
MURAL THROMBOSIS OF THE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY AND SUBSEQUENT EMBOLISM<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article MURAL THROMBOSIS OF THE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY AND SUBSEQUENT EMBOLISM Get access A.J. GUNNING, A.J. GUNNING From the Nuffield Departments of Surgery and Pathology and the Department of the Regius Professor of Medicine, Oxford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G.W. PICKERING, G.W. PICKERING From the Nuffield Departments of Surgery and Pathology and the Department of the Regius Professor of Medicine, Oxford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A.H.T. ROBB-SMITH, A.H.T. ROBB-SMITH From the Nuffield Departments of Surgery and Pathology and the Department of the Regius Professor of Medicine, Oxford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. ROSS RUSSELL R. ROSS RUSSELL From the Nuffield Departments of Surgery and Pathology and the Department of the Regius Professor of Medicine, Oxford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, Volume 33, Issue 1, January 1964, Pages 155–195, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a067010 Published: 01 January 1964 Article history Received: 26 April 1963 Published: 01 January 1964
Designing a curriculum based on four purposes: let mathematics speak for itself

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Trends in curriculum reform recognise the need to develop skills and competencies in addition to specifying what knowledge should be taught and when. However, a balance between skills and knowledge is sometimes difficult to achieve. In this paper which takes mathematics as the focus, we consider reform currently underway in Wales, from the perspective of a 'knowledge approach' and from the perspective of the Successful Futures report which is, we argue, driven more by a skills approach at the heart of which are 'four purposes': developing young people as ambitious, capable learners; enterprising, creative contributors; ethical, informed citizens; and healthy, confident individuals. Our interest is in the contribution that mathematics makes to the four purposes; and contribution that the four purposes make (or do not make) to the development of a school mathematics curriculum. After outlining the background and context, the paper consults literature and experts to consider what mathematics is and how the learning of mathematics can be seen to fulfil the four purposes. The study contributes to understanding the difficulties of re-contextualising school subjects from the academic disciplines and proposes that operating with a curriculum driven by big ideas or overarching statements places higher demands on teacher knowledge.
Central Skull Base lesions: a challenge for a radiologist

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2013 / C-1581 / Central Skull Base lesions: a challenge for a radiologist by: Romero1, M. Guirado1, A. Alvarez Luque1, L. Cadenas1, I. ACITORES1, J. Fernandez Jara2, M. Muro1, A. Garcia Alvarez1; 1Madrid/ES, 2Leganes/Madrid/ES
Adaptation Strategies in TV Episodes Based on Agatha Christie’s Poirot Novels

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This article presents selected Poirot novels and their corresponding TV adaptations with David Suchet in the titular role. This series was broadcast on British television from 1989 to 2013 but is still available to interested viewers worldwide. Through a comparative analysis of the literary and filmic material, verifiable differences between the scrutinized TV episodes and their precursor texts have been collected and grouped into ten partly overlapping categories. These are perceived as identical to the adaptation strategies that governed the transfer of the original texts to the screen. They are discussed as follows: entertainization (adding more amusement effects), glorification (increasing a character’s splendor), human softening (showing a professional person’s invented soft spot or weakness), importation (borrowing a character known from another Poirot work), marital reduction (skipping the information of the marriage concluded or intended in the novel), multiplication (prolongation of a character’s total screen time), pejoration (increasing or fabricating negativity of a character’s image), political correction (eliminating or mitigating known sensitive issues from public discourse), social alerting (addressing important known social issues in public discourse), and thrill intensification (amplifying suspense through additional crimes). These strategies are proposed as an original contribution to adaptation studies.
Adsorption and Catalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles in Mesoporous Silica: Effect of Pore Size and Dispersion Salinity

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The assembled state of nanoparticles (NPs) within porous matrices plays a governing role in directing their biological, electronic, and catalytic properties. However, the effects of the spatial confinement and environmental factors, such as salinity, on the NP assemblies within the pores are poorly understood. In this study, we use adsorption isotherms, spectrophotometry, and small-angle neutron scattering to develop a better understanding of the effect of spatial confinement on the assembled state and catalytic performance of gold (Au) NPs in propylamine-functionalized SBA-15 and MCM-41 mesoporous silica materials (mSiO2). We carry out a detailed investigation of the effect of pore diameter and ionic strength on the packing and spatial distribution of AuNPs within mSiO2 to get a comprehensive insight into the structure, functioning, and activity of these NPs. We demonstrate the ability of the adsorbed AuNPs to withstand aggregation under high salinity conditions. We attribute the observed preservation of the adsorbed state of AuNPs to the strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged pore walls and AuNPs. The preservation of the structure allows the AuNPs to retain their catalytic activity for a model reaction in high salinity aqueous solution, here, the reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol, which otherwise is significantly diminished due to bulk aggregation of the AuNPs. This fundamental study demonstrates the critical role of confinement and dispersion salinity on the adsorption and catalytic performance of NPs.
The Emphatic and Pharyngeal Sounds in Hebrew and in Arabic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study addresses physiological, acoustic, and linguistic issues in the production of the emphatic sounds // and the pharyngeal sounds //. Approximately 300 minutes of video recordings were obtained from nine Hebrew and Arabic speakers; using a fiberscope positioned in the upper pharynx and simultaneous audio recording through an external microphone. We also studied a cineradiographic film of three Arabic speakers. Results clearly show that all the emphatic sounds, when pronounced as such, share pharyngealization as a secondary articulation. A constriction is formed between the pharyngeal walls and the tip of the epiglottis, which tilts backwards. To a lesser degree, the lower part of the root of the tongue is also retracted. The data show that all the emphatic and pharyngeal sounds we studied are made with qualitatively the same pharyngeal constriction. However, the pharyngeal constriction is more extreme and less variable for the pharyngeal sounds, where it is the primary articulation, than for the emphatic sounds, where it is a secondary articulation. Because the same sort of pharyngealization is seen for all the emphatics, we use a common notational symbol, [~], for all of them, including // in place of /q/. We note that where pharyngeals and pharyngealized sounds were realized, the Hebrew and Arabic speakers produced them in essentially the same way.
Anoxic CNS Membrane: Mechanisms of Collapse and Stabilization

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

390This chapter reviews data which suggests that there is no fundamental difference in the way the turtle and rat brain react to inadequate energy supply. This condition is encountered during both anoxia and ischemia in the rat brain and ischemia in the turtle brain. The rat brain fails to survive anoxia and ischemia because of an inherent high metabolic rate combined with relatively low amounts of glycolytic enzymes which cannot adequately maintain energy supply for the cell. However, the turtle brain is able to meet anoxic energy demands through a large glycolytic capacity combined with a low metabolic rate which is further suppressible during anoxia. Our data support that one mechanism which may play a major role in energy savings in the turtle brain during normoxia is reduced ion pumping. However, data do not support reduced leakage conductance as a mechanism for metabolic depression during anoxia in the turtle brain; if ion pumping is reduced during anoxia, it is likely to occur through reduction of other leakage processes such as reduced electrical activity.
Hiding in plain sight: Surgical smoke threatens health of OR staff R

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Research has shown that electrosurgical smoke presents a serious health hazard for the OR team. However, many remain skeptical of its harmful effects, and compliance with smoke evacuation recommendations is not consistent. Electrosurgical smoke results from the vaporization of tissue, fluid, and blood into a gaseous form by electrosurgical instruments. The smoke can contain live and dead cellular material including viruses and bacteria. Chemicals are produced, some of which are carcinogenic. Environmental health research has shown that the real danger is with nanoparticles, which comprise 80% of surgical smoke, Leonard Schultz, MD, FACS, told OR Manager. These ultrafine particles are less than 100 nanometers in size. When inhaled, they can cross the alveolar membranes and enter a person’s blood and lymphatic circulatory systems and travel to distant organs. “It is this environmental health research that should make evacuation of surgical smoke a priority for surgeons and nurses,” says Dr Schultz. Dr Schultz is former clinical assistant professor of surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, and CEO and chairman of Nascent Surgical, LLC, Eden Prairie, Minnesota. Nascent Surgical manufactures the miniSQUAIR surgical smoke evacuation system.