jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
New laboratory indicators of polysystemic mitochondrial failure in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is known that biopsy and DNA sequencing methods are used to diagnose mitochondrial diseases, but such diagnostic options are not available for all tissues, especially for the central nervous system. This article analyzes the effectiveness of biomarkers — FGF-21 and GDF-15, lactate, pyruvate, creatinine, acylcarnitines — in the diagnosis of mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of the work: to improve the diagnostic panel of biomarkers for mitochondrial disorders in children based on a number of potential laboratory parameters, such as FGF-21 and GDF-15 lactate, pyruvate, creatinine, acylcarnitines. Materials and methods. Eighty-two patients aged 1 to 17 years were analyzed. The levels of these biomarkers were measured in patients with suspected mitochondrial diseases. For each biomarker, sensitivity and specificity, area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Results. FGF-21 showed an AUC of 0.862 ± 0.091 and a sensitivity of 80% in patients with mitochondrial disorders, with specificity ranging from 88 to 100%. GDF-15 demonstrated the highest AUC among the studied biomarkers (0.898 ± 0.103), a sensitivity of 0.92, and a specificity of 91 to 100%, indicating its particularly high efficacy. The study of lactate revealed that with its increased level, there is a sensitivity of 75% in patients with mitochondrial disorders (MD), which was confirmed in 37 cases out of 52, and a specificity from 85 to 100%, the average AUC was 0.861 ± 0.049, and for creatinine with an increased level, the sensitivity was lower and was 35.7% (19 out of 52 children with MD. For pyruvate, AUC was 0.835 ± 0.106, confirming its usefulness as an additional biomarker together with lactate. Conclusion. The studies have shown that the new indicators FGF-21 and GDF-15 are particularly distinguished by their diagnostic value and can be recommended for wide use in medical practice.
The Diachronic Changes of Subject Markers in Old Japanese

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본 논문은 평안시대부터 중세말기까지 일본어 주격조사로 사용된 무조사와 「の」「が」 의 변화를 구문적인 관점에 촛점을 맞추어 밝혔다. 종래의 연구는 「の」「が」두 형태를 비교하는 론이 많으나 본 연구의 결과 중세중기 정도까지는 무조사와 「の」가 주요한 주격조사로 나타나며 문구조에서는 무조사, 연체구조에서는 「の」가 많이 나타났다. 이 현상의 원인으로 무조사와 「の」가 연체구조와 문구조에서 보이는 구조의 크기를 지적했으며 「の」가 연체구조를 본체로 하는 조사임도 언급했다. 중세 말기에 「が」가 주격조사로 세력을 확대했으며 이때부터 무조사와 「が」가 주어를 나타내는 주요 형태로 자리잡았다. 그러나 「が」는 무조사보다 구조가 작은 단계로 나타나며 중세이후의 변화에 주목할 필요가 있음을 지적했다. 본 연구는 무조사를 조사대상으로 포함하여 일본어 주격조사 변화에 관한 새로운 시점을 제시한 점에서 의의가 크다고 할 수 있다.
Comparison of oral misoprostol and oxytocin for labor induction in prelabor rupture of membranes at term

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ObjectiveThis study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of oral misoprostol with oxytocin infusion for induction of labor in women with prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) at term.BackgroundPROM at term is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. It is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, particularly if it is associated with a prolonged latency period from membranes rupture to delivery.Patients and methodsThis prospective randomized study included 100 pregnant women admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at El-Mahalla General Hospital presenting with PROM at term. The women were assigned randomly to one of the two equal groups (groups A or B): group A, which received 100 mg oral misoprostol every 4 h for a maximum of three doses, and group B, which received an intravenous infusion of oxytocin starting with a dose of 4 mU/min with an incremental increase of 4 mU/min every 30 min until a maximum dose of 32 mU/min. The primary outcome variable was time from induction to vaginal delivery. The secondary outcomes were mode of delivery, maternal, and neonatal outcomes.ResultsThe study showed that the time intervals from induction to delivery were significantly shorter in the misoprostol group than in the oxytocin group (6.59 ± 1.91 and 9.30 ± 2.58 h, respectively; P < 0.001). Also, there were no significant differences in maternal and neonatal outcomes between both groups.ConclusionOral misoprostol at a dose of 100 mg every 4 h was not only as successful as oxytocin for labor induction in women presenting with PROM at term but also reduced the duration of labor in nulliparous women. Oral misoprostol was safe in terms of maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Acute Pancreatitis in the Emergency Department

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common emergency department (ED) presentation with a variety of outcomes. Stratifying AP severity with scoring systems can allow physicians to effectively manage patient disposition. Objective: To identify ED pancreatitis patients who will likely be admitted to the ICU or be discharged within 48 hours, and to validate existing pancreatitis severity scores. Methods: Patients with a final ED diagnosis of AP and/or lipase ≥ 3 times the upper limit of normal were enrolled in a prospective, observational chart review study. Parametric and non-parametric descriptive statistics were used to describe the patient population. Area under receiver operating curve (AUC) was used to determine the predictive accuracy of existing pancreatitis scores. Results: Ranson criteria, Glasgow-Imrie (GI) criteria, Bedside Index of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP), and Harmless Acute Pancreatitis Score (HAPS) were assessed. GI criteria (AUC = 0.77) had the highest predictive accuracy for ICU admission, while Ranson criteria (AUC = 0.62) had the highest predictive accuracy for early discharge. Mean scores of ICU patients were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of non-ICU patients in all four scoring systems; however, mean scores in ICU patients failed to meet the severe case threshold for all four scoring systems. Discussion: Existing pancreatitis scoring systems cannot consistently predict AP severity in ED patients. The small difference in mean ICU and non-ICU patient scores illustrates the difficulty of using scoring systems to stratify AP severity in the ED. Further efforts to develop an ED-specific scoring system could allow physicians to more efficiently admit patients.
Hawking Spectrum and High Frequency Dispersion

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the spectrum of created particles in two-dimensional black hole geometries for a linear, hermitian scalar field satisfying a Lorentz non-invariant field equation with higher spatial derivative terms that are suppressed by powers of a fundamental momentum scale $k_0$. The preferred frame is the ``free-fall frame" of the black hole. This model is a variation of Unruh's sonic black hole analogy. We find that there are two qualitatively different types of particle production in this model: a thermal Hawking flux generated by ``mode conversion" at the black hole horizon, and a non-thermal spectrum generated via scattering off the background into negative free-fall frequency modes. This second process has nothing to do with black holes and does not occur for the ordinary wave equation because such modes do not propagate outside the horizon with positive Killing frequency. The horizon component of the radiation is astonishingly close to a perfect thermal spectrum: for the smoothest metric studied, with Hawking temperature $T_H\simeq0.0008k_0$, agreement is of order $(T_H/k_0)^3$ at frequency $ω=T_H$, and agreement to order $T_H/k_0$ persists out to $ω/T_H\simeq 45$ where the thermal number flux is $O(10^{-20}$). The flux from scattering dominates at large $ω$ and becomes many orders of magnitude larger than the horizon component for metrics with a ``kink", i.e. a region of high curvature localized on a static worldline outside the horizon. This non-thermal flux amounts to roughly 10\% of the total luminosity for the kinkier metrics considered. The flux exhibits oscillations as a function of frequency which can be explained by interference between the various contributions to the flux.
Use of ACT-R in cognitive modelling

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This Final Year Project concerns itself with ACT-R (Adaptive Character of Thought – Rational), which is a cognitive architecture created by John R. Anderson of Carnegie Mellon University. The ACT theory and software, like any cognitive architecture, aims to define the basic and irreducible cognitive and perceptual operations that enable the human mind. In theory, each task that humans can perform should consist of a series of these discrete operations. ACT-R can be seen and described as a way of specifying how the brain itself is organized in a way that enables individual processing modules to produce cognition. The role of this project is to give the reader an in-depth understanding of ACT-R, and more importantly, its various applications in the real world. The report initiates the reader with ACT-R as a software - its various components and their functionalities. The author then explains the various applications of ACT-R, with a detailed analysis of three important applications. The first application is problem solving using the Tower of Hanoi and mathematics problems as an illustration. The next chapter describes the use of ACT-R in navigation modelling. This is followed by its most important application, the intelligent tutoring system. The scope of this report is restricted mainly to the analysis of the various applications, in order to show the importance of the software and its future potential.
RE- INVENTION OF NATIVE PEOPLE AND A NOSTALGIC LOOK IN SHEELABHADRA’S MADHUPUR BOHUDOOR

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Shilabhadra received the Shahitya Akademi Award for his short story collection “Madhupur Bahudur” in 1994. The narrator reflects on the era's political, social and economic dimensions. Gauripur is where shelabhadra was born in 1924.After being educated, he was to move towards city in quest of work and so he was to depart his beloved Madhupur. Though he lived in city, but he was getting disturbed by the activities of Madhupur. Madhupur was built by Raja Bahadur, the king of Gauripur. The centre of culture and education is Madhupur. In Madhupur there were play areas, public Libraries, theatre groups etc. The Madhupur Theatre society was run by Raja Bahadur. Gauripur Rajbari, Raja Bahadur and Royal palace were the centre of attention in Madhupur. The narrator day by day was going to forget the roles of Raja Bahadur, Felu babu, Krishna Tagore, Prabhat Dutta, Nab Khura, Atapjan, Uddhav, Kabiraj Upen, Satya, Ganak, Postmaster, Probodh Bagehi, Jeeten, Dinesh chakraborty etc. In “Madhupur Bahudur” the narrator, as if, had lost all form his reality and now was in the realm of imagination living in a pitiful manner. All the characters are typical and their works are also typical like hunting, fishing, planting, harvesting, war etc. They traditionally arrange the marriage function, birth ceremony and other ritual ceremonies also. The place is basically rural one. There are villages and villages everywhere with green land. Shila Bhadra develops a discourse through his narrative similar to that of Gabriel Garcia, Marquez, R.K. Narayan or O.V. vijaan. His re-collection, past memories, nostalgia, oral history all come together to create a beautiful place in our heart.
Transport, Spatial Economy, and the Global Environment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper we investigate interdependencies between transport, spatial economy, and the environment in the context of policies aimed at a global environmental target. A small-scale spatial price equilibrium model is formulated and used to perform a number of numerical simulations, and to investigate market-based versus environmentally sound spatioeconomic configurations with first-best and second-best policies, and with endogenous environmental technologies. We thus present a modelling framework capable of dealing with complexities associated with the simultaneous regulation, first-best and second-best, of multiple interdependent sectors in a spatial setting.
InSAR stack of the 2008 Wells, Nevada earthquake from Envisat descending track 399 processed with Gamma

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A stack of unwrapped interferograms on Wells, Nevada for the 2008 Wells earthquake. Sensor: Envisat ASAR descending track 399 frame 2871 Time: 2007.07.09 - 2008.09.01, 11 acquisitions, 51 interferograms Processor: GAMMA A minimum coherence of 0.3 is chosen during phase unwrapping, thus the low coherent pixels are assigned the zero phase value (green in the unwrapPhase_wrap.png). Tropospheric delay estimated from ERA-5 using PyAPS is attached. This is an input dataset for the time series analysis with MintPy.
Abstract P1137: The associations between maternal cardiovascular health scores during pregnancy and growth status of 0-2 years old infants: A birth cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Many maternal factors during pregnancy have been suggested to influence the physical development of offspring, while the overall effects haven’t been comprehensively evaluated. We aim to revise the Cardiovascular Health (CVH) metrics for pregnant women, a composite health indicator recommended and updated by the American Heart Association in 2022, and to explore its association with growth status within age 2 years based on a birth cohort. Methods: Pregnant women in 20-28 weeks of gestation were recruited in Guangzhou, China, from 2017 to 2018, and their offspring were followed up until 2 years old. Maternal behavioral factors were collected by standardized questionnaires, including diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, and sleep. Maternal biochemical data were extracted from medical records, including weight, blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipid. Higher scores indicating better health (ranging from 0 to 100), three of the eight metrics were specifically adapted for pregnant women. Pre-pregnancy BMI and pregnancy weight gain were used to evaluate weight status. The Chinese Healthy Diet Index and the standard of the Chinese Guidelines for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus were applied to assess diet and blood glucose. Infants’ length and weight were repeatedly measured at 1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24 months, and weight-for-length z-scores (WAZ), length-for-age z-scores (LAZ), body mass index z-scores (BAZ), and weight-for-age z-scores (WLZ) were calculated. The generalized estimating equation was conducted to explore the association between maternal CVH scores and infants’ growth status. Results: In 691 mother-child pairs, the average of CVH score was 67.02±9.52, with diet scoring the lowest (42.17±32.94). Approximately 3.47%, 85.82%, and 10.71% of mothers scored low (≤50), moderate (50-79), and high (≥80) in CVH levels, respectively. The CVH and health factor scores were positively correlated with family monthly income. Higher prenatal health behaviors and CVH scores were associated with increased LAZ, and health behavior, especially in sleep, was negatively associated with BAZ and WLZ of infants. Conclusion: This revised CVH score indicated a moderate overall health status for pregnant women, with dietary health warranting further improvement. Priority should be given to modifiable health behaviors during pregnancy, which showed a stronger and more stable association with the infant's physical growth.
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter provides an overview of the connections between sport-based programming and crime prevention. Many sport-based youth programmes purport to prevent youth crime or youth involvement in gangs. Sports stand with several other activities (for example, education, mentoring, religious teaching, and volunteering) that may spur positive social development among children and youth. Crime prevention strategies have tried to build on the popularity and benefits of sports activities to promote youth development and to influence risk and resiliency factors associated with criminal involvement. Various sport-based crime prevention programmes have been implemented but very few of them have been subjected to a rigorous evaluation. When research has been done, the relationship between these programmes and desistance from crime was difficult to disentangle. In addition to identifying the problem to be addressed, this chapter questions how much is known about the phenomenon because of lack of theorizing and rigorous research in the area.
Magnetic Activity in Stellar Merger Products

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the expected X-ray luminosity of stellar merger products several years after merger. The X-ray emission is assumed to result from magnetic activity. The extended envelope of the merger product possesses a large convective region and it is expected to rotate fast. The rotation and convection might give rise to an efficient dynamo operation, therefore we expect strong magnetic activity. Using well known relations connecting magnetic activity and X-ray luminosity in other types of magnetically active stars, we estimate that the strong X-ray luminosity will start several years after merger, will reach a maximum of L_x~3x10^{30} erg/sec, and will slowly decline on a time scale of ~100 years. We predict that X-ray emission from V838 Mon which erupted in 2002 will be detected in 2008 with 20 hours of observation.
The trade and environment nexus in Mexican agriculture. A general equilibrium analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes linkages between growth, trade and the environment in Mexican agriculture with an empirical economy-wide model. The investigation considers trade liberalization, environmental policy reform, and their coordination. The analysis decomposes the change in pollution emission induced by changes in the sectoral composition of production, effects of technology on emission intensity, and aggregate scale effects. Outward orientation alone induces a contraction of aggregate agricultural output, but promotes growth and pollution in some agricultural sectors. Overall, free trade does not induce wholesale specialization in dirty agricultural activities. Environmental taxes on pollution emitted in agricultural sectors have a moderate negative impact on agricultural output, except for the tax on water-borne toxic chemicals. More liberal trade combined with targeted effluent taxes can achieve significant environmental mitigation and efficiency gains, but with the implication of a contraction of most agricultural sectors.
Style and performance aspects in the newly published piano sonata by Witold Lutoslawski

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Polish composer Witold Lutos?awski (1913-1994) was one of the most representative composers of the twentieth-century. Lutos?awski’s style progressed from traditional to modern avant-garde. His Piano Sonata belongs to his first compositional period, and is the only extant work from his student years. His remarkable synthesis of classical structures and impressionistic harmonic sonorities distinguishes the Sonata. Lutos?awski’s Piano Sonata is divided into three movements, and each movement is written in traditional sonata allegro form, sonata form without development and modified sonata form respectively. The Sonata contains both considerable elements of Classicism and Impressionism, as well as traits of Post-romanticism and Neoclassicism. The evolution of Lutos?awski’s compositional language can be better understood through an in-depth study of his Piano Sonata. Although Lutos?awski did not allow the work to be published during his lifetime, this occurred posthumously, ten years after the composer´s death. The recent publication of the work, paired with its substantial technical demands, both account for the fact that the Sonata is not frequently performed. The complex textures of Sonata place extensive technical and musical demands on the performer. In this study, a detailed description of the composer´s early style and influences as relates to this work will be analyzed and technical and pianistic approaches necessary for a performance of the work will be addressed. Also, there are significant discrepancies between the manuscript and printed score, even though the edition is based on the manuscript. Only one manuscript survives and scholarly research involving the work is scarce. Discrepancies between the manuscript and the published edition will be detailed, with suggestions for performance. It is hoped that this study will provide interest and be conducive to better approach the performance of this Piano Sonata.
Bearing-Based Distributed Formation Control of Multiple Vertical Take-Off and Landing UAVs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article studies the bearing-based distributed formation control problem of a group of vertical take-off and landing unmanned aerial vehicles subject to unknown disturbances. Both cases of constant and time-varying velocity leaders are considered and two distributed formation control algorithms are developed based on a hierarchical framework. More precisely, two bearing-based distributed commanded forces are, respectively, proposed to achieve the target formation maneuver. Then, a unified adaptive hybrid attitude control law is designed such that the command attitude, which is extracted from the command force, can be tracked globally. In addition, three auxiliary systems are proposed to guarantee the boundedness of the thrust, to avoid the singular problem of command attitude extraction, to obviate the usage of the acceleration information, and compensate the adverse of the disturbance. Globally, the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is proved through Lyapunov stable theory. It is shown that the prescribed formation control objective is achieved. Finally, simulation results are provided to validate the performance of the proposed control algorithms.
Pharmacovigilance on the turn? Adverse reactions methods in 2012

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

On 31 December 2011 a new European Directive on pharmacovigilance1 signalled a very important change. It amended Directive 2001/83/EC on the community code relating to human medicines, and said that Union rules on pharmacovigilance:

> ‘… should be based on the crucial role of healthcare professionals in monitoring the safety of medicines, and should take account of the fact that patients are also well placed to report suspected adverse reactions to medical products. It is therefore appropriate to facilitate the reporting of suspected adverse reactions by both healthcare professionals and patients, and to make methods for such reporting available to them.’?1

Views in the pharmacovigilance community had been divided, many for various reasons doubting the value or practicality of …
Optimal policies based on qos for adaptive communication systems with Markov Decision Process

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Modern communications, especially mobile communications, face unpredictable environments. Adaptation to unpredictable environments is necessary for modern communications. The communication systems self-tuning to track changes in the environments are called the adaptive communication systems. The systems can be viewed as a special kind of feedback control systems with the elements of sensor, decision-element or controller, and actuator. This paper focuses the decision-element. The decision-element uses optimal policies based on QoS with Markov Decision Process, which seek to satisfy a set of system QoS. The simulation results show that communication system adaptation can be guided by decision rules based on QoS found by the methods of Markov Decision Processes, when there are multiple controlled features, and multiple system measures used to drive the decisions.