jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Approaches to defining the mechanism of enhancement by Fluosol-DA 20% with carbogen of melphalan antitumor activity.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fluosol-DA with carbogen (95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide) breathing can increase the efficacy of melphalan. Addition of Fluosol-DA to treatment with melphalan leads to a greater increase in tumor growth delay under conditions of air breathing and carbogen breathing than does the fat emulsion Intralipid. The ability of melphalan to kill tumor cells increased with dose over the range of drug examined. At the lower doses of drug there is some increase in tumor cell killing seen with the addition of carbogen breathing or Fluosol-DA and air breathing; however, at the highest dose of the drug this difference disappeared. Throughout the melphalan dosage range examined there is approximately 1 log greater tumor cell kill observed with the addition of Fluosol-DA and carbogen breathing compared to the drug treatment alone. There was no significant difference in the survival of bone marrow cells under any of the treatment conditions. Fluosol-DA itself with air or carbogen breathing produced no detectable cross-links in DNA from tumors treated in vivo. The cross-linking factors for melphalan with air or carbogen breathing and for melphalan plus Fluosol-DA and air breathing were similar; when carbogen breathing was added to the treatment combination, the cross-linking factor increased almost 3-fold. When melphalan was dissolved in Fluosol-DA, the melphalan moved quickly into the lipophilic perfluorochemical particles so that after 1 h 60% of the drug was in the perfluorochemical layer. At 24 h, 85-90% of the melphalan was sequestered in the perfluorochemical particles. The pharmacokinetics of [14C]melphalan alone, [14C]melphalan plus Fluosol-DA, and [14C]melphalan prepared in Fluosol-DA were studied in several tissues of FSaIIC fibrosarcoma-bearing mice. In general, the tissue absorption and distribution t1/2s for melphalan were shortened in the presence of Fluosol-DA (except for kidneys). Shifting the t1/2s for absorption and distribution to shorter times produces a much sharper and earlier peak in the drug exposure of the tumor. Fluosol-DA provides a relatively nontoxic means of increasing oxygen delivery to tumors and a therapeutically meaningful way of improving melphalan antitumor activity.
Strongly Stably Stratified Grid Turbulence Using Second-Moment Closure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A second-moment closure model is used to investigate thestrongly stably stratie ed water e ow downstream from the turbulence-generating grid, with the aim of examining the validity of the second-moment closure model to reveal the countergradient transport of heat and momentum. The Reynolds number based on the streamwise mean velocity and the grid spacing is 2 :5 £ 10 3 . Computations are carried out for two temperature gradients, namely, two temperature differences of 15 and 30 K between the upper layer and the lower layer. Computational results of the closure model are compared in detail with the results of the direct numerical simulations. It is found that the second-moment closure model is capable of demonstrating the countergradient transport of heat in the strongly stably stratie ed condition. However, the closure models need to be improved in the future to obtain better agreement with the results of the direct numerical simulations.
Table_1_Identification of Regulatory circRNAs Involved in the Pathogenesis of Acute Myocardial Infarction.XLSX

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background<p>Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has high morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of AMI is still unclear, and the impact of circular RNAs (circRNAs) on AMI has rarely been recognized and needs to be explored.</p>Materials and Methods<p>The circRNA array was applied to investigate the expression level of circRNAs in the blood samples of coronary arteries of three AMI patients and three normal persons. Principal component analysis (PCA) and unsupervised clustering analysis were performed to reveal the distinguished expression patterns of circRNAs. The miRNA expression profiles of AMI patients were identified from a public dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE31568). The miRNA binding sites on the circRNAs were predicted by miRanda. The miRNA enrichment analysis and annotation tool were used to explore the pathways that the dysregulated circRNAs may participate in.</p>Results<p>In total, 142 differentially expressed circRNAs, including 89 upregulated and 53 downregulated in AMI samples, were identified by the differential expression analysis. AMI patients had quite different circRNA expression profiles to those of normal controls. Functional characterization revealed that circRNAs that had the potential to regulate miRNAs were mainly involved in seven pathways, such as the Runt-related transcription factor-1 (RUNX1) expression and activity-related pathway. Specifically, hsa_circRNA_001654, hsa_circRNA_091761, hsa_circRNA_405624, and hsa_circRNA_406698 were predicted to sponge four miRNAs including hsa-miR-491-3p, hsa-miR-646, hsa-miR-603, and hsa-miR-922, thereby regulating RUNX1 expression or activity.</p>Conclusion<p>We identified dysregulated blood circRNAs in the coronary arteries of AMI patients and predicted that four upregulated circRNAs were involved in the regulation of RUNX1 expression or activity through sponging four miRNAs.</p>
Peritoneal carcinomatosis due to ovarian cancer: comparison between MDCT, MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To compare MDCT, MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT for the detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis due to ovarian cancerMethods and Materials: Fifteen women (mean age 65±) with clinical suspicion of ovarian cancer and peritoneal carcinomatosis underwent MDCT, MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT, simultaneously and shortly performed before surgery (delay 8.1± days). According to the peritoneal cancer index nine abdominopelvic regions were defined. We applied four scores of lesion size on MDCT and MR images, while the maximal standard uptake value (SUVmax) was measured on 18F-FDG PET/CT. Three sites of lymphadenopathy and posterobasal pleural carcinomatosis were also analyzed. First, one radiologist blindly and separately read MDCT and MR images, while one nuclear physician blindly read PET/CT images grading each lesion according to four diagnostic certitudes. Secondly, all the images were reviewed jointly and compared with histopathology. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed.Results: Peritoneal implants were proven in ten women (75%). Altogether, 228 abdominopelvic sites were compared. Sensitivity and specificity for MDCT was 90.2% and 90.6%, for MRI 93.5% and 86.3%, and for 18F-FDG PET/CT 92.7% and 95.7%, respectively. ROC area under the curve were 0.93 for MDCT and MRI, and 0.96 for 18F-FDG PET/CT respectively. No significant differences (p=0.11) were found between the three modalities.Conclusion: Although MRI revealed to be the most sensitive and 18F-FDG PET/CT the most specific modality, no significant differences were shown between the three techniques.
"So that finally it is all about life in poetry". Lyrics by Bogusław Kierc

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The author of this article analyzes the poetry of Bogusław Kierc, a poet from Wrocław, pointing to the separateness and originality of this artist. Originality is revealed in risky and bold themes and a form that is a combination of something avant-garde with something very traditional. The language used by the poet, concerning ultimate and mystical problems, captivates with harmonious, musical finesse. Pictures in this poetry are seen, heard and experienced. The hero of these poems sees in his somatic and erotic experiences the source of potential mysticism, the possibility of approaching transcendence.
Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Attachment Trauma in Musicians with Severe Music Performance Anxiety

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the further development of a coherent theory of music performance anxiety (MPA) and its treatment. I have previously proposed three forms of MPA-focal, MPA with social anxiety, and MPA with panic and/or depression. An attachment disorder was proposed as a possible underlying psychopathology for this third type of MPA. Accordingly, open-ended in-depth assessment interviews of three professional musicians presenting with severe MPA that included panic attacks and depressed mood were analyzed from an attachment theory perspective. Two of these musicians participated in short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. It was hypothesized that the musical performance setting re-triggers unprocessed feelings related to early attachment trauma, and that performance anxiety can be a manifestation of the emergence into consciousness of these powerful early feelings. As hypothesized, severely anxious musicians suffered both early and current relational trauma that was expressed through symptomatology in their MPA manifestations. The assessment interview of the first musician demonstrated how MPA can arise in the midst of other challenging current life circumstances that re-trigger feelings about early attachment failures and the importance of taking a full life history from severely performance-anxious musicians. Excerpts from the two musicians’ short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy demonstrated resolution of their severe MPA. Failure to identify and treat underlying attachment disorders in severely anxious musicians may render other forms of treatment ineffective or short-lived.
Ocular Responses and Visual Performance after Emergent Acceleration Stress

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Emergent acceleration force induces significant ocular responses and visual fluctuation. Prolonged ACD deepening (>15 minutes) and PD (>30 minutes) were noted, but cornea and refraction remain stable. CS at all spatial frequencies revealed remarkable reduction immediately after ejection, and recovered to baseline levels within 30 minutes only at high spatial frequency. Neuroretinal function may involve visual fluctuation after acceleration stress, because visual fluctuation corresponds with the characters of neuroretinal function. However, further studies are necessary.
Digital I&C System in the US-APWR

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The digital safety Instrumentation and Control (I&C) system has been developed and approved in Japan. Our digital I&C system has been applied to many non-safety systems and approved for full I&C system including a safety system. The fully digitalized I&C system will soon be in operation in a newly constructed plant in Japan. Based on this proven technology, the digital I&C system will be applied to the I&C system in the US-APWR. This digital I&C system is slightly improved and modified to conform to the U.S. codes and standards. The I&C system of the US-APWR has some specific features. The system consisting of four systems capable of diverse echelons can ensure defense-in-depth and diversity which also achieves countermeasure against software common cause failures. In addition, the I&C system has a four-train configuration that applies to the safety human-system interface systems, safety protection system and safety plant component controls.
Pericolporate pollen in Gentianaceae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pollen of six species of Centaurium Hill. (Gentianaceae) was examined by photon and scanning electron microscope. Significant variation in pollen morphology occurs in all the taxa. Pericolporate pollen encountered in C. pulchellum, C. littorale ssp. littorale, and C. exaltatum is reported. The derivation of the pericolporate type of pollen from the tricolporate type in the genus is demonstrated.
Transition temperature in superconductors with interband pairing

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The pairing of electrons within the total width of the electron band, rather than only in a narrow layer near the Fermi surface, has been considered taking into account the strong electron-phonon coupling. It has been found that the effect of pairing of electrons from different bands is a decisive factor for the appearance of the effect of a high T c value in some two-band materials. The existence of an additional family of two-band hightemperature materials with the superconducting transition temperature T c no less than T c in cuprates has been predicted.
SP1.1.3 Feasibility, safety and cost effectiveness of outpatient removal of ureteric stent following kidney transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and costs associated with a dedicated flexible cystoscope for the removal of ureteric stents from transplant recipients in the outpatient setting. Methods In our centre, we routinely performed post renal transplant ureteric stent removal in theatres. Recently we have switched this practice to outpatient settings. We performed retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from two settings between Aug 2018-Dec 2021 to compare the impact on the timing of post renal transplant ureteric stent removal, associated complications, cost effectiveness and patient satisfaction. Results In total 99 ureteric stents were removed from 100 transplant recipients in theatre and 100 stents in outpatient department. 2 patients in clinic cohort did not tolerate procedure under LA. 5 patients in theatre cohort and 6 patients in clinic cohort underwent PD catheter removal in theatres along with stent removal. Earlier stent removal was achieved in clinic compared with theatre with (36 versus 55 days after transplant; p=0.001) There was no statistically significant difference in infection rates following stent removal in either groups. Outpatient stent removal proved to be very cost effective to the trust with savings of over £250 per procedure in comparison to the theatre setting. Patient satisfaction was measured by numerical rating score for pain and discomfort which showed that the patients tolerated the outpatient procedure under local anaesthesia very well,(mean score 4/10). Conclusions A dedicated outpatient ureteric stent removal service for kidney transplant recipients seems to be feasible, cost effective, and safe.
Structural characterization of ecommerce for its growth and development in Peru

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The objective of this study was to determine those key variables or factors that characterize ecommerce in Peru and will drive its growth and development to reach the turnover levels of the main Latin American economies. In this sense, a PEST analysis was conducted to identify the most relevant variables of the system studied. Then, based on an exploratory and descriptive design, a structural analysis (French strategic foresight technique) was carried out with the participation of 5 experts in ecommerce and digital media. Likewise, the MICMAC tool (Matrix of Cross Impacts Multiplication Applied to a Classification) was used to determine the levels of motricity and dependency of each proposed variable. The results identified consumer electronics culture as the most sensitive variable and, to a lesser extent, the variables of ecommerce application development, consumer banking and consumer distrust. Furthermore, it was found that the COVID 19 pandemic has had a positive impact on the adoption of ecommerce in Peru. Finally, this study constitutes a starting point for the planning and design of future scenarios for the behavior of the ecommerce system in Peru in the medium and long term.
Maternal Mortality in Eclampsia after Cesarean Section versus Vaginal Delivery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Preeclampsia with generalized tonic-clonic convulsions is termed as eclampsia. Eclampsia isassociated with multiple maternal and fetal complications. Eclampsiais an obstetric emergency and quick decision making is required to save lives. The objective of the study was to compare the maternal mortalityafter cesarean section versus vaginal delivery among eclampsiapatients. It is a descriptive case series conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Willingdon Hospital, from December 2014 to June 2015. In our study, 62.86 % (n=88) patients were between18-25 years of age and 37.14 % (n=52) werebetween 26-35 years of age. The mean+SD was calculated as 25.12+4.53 years. Frequency ofvaginal delivery in patients with eclampsia was 30.71 % (n=43) while69.29 % (n=97) were delivered through cesarean section. Comparisonof maternal mortality in two groups was recorded, where out of 43 spontaneous vaginal deliveries mortality was recorded in 6.98 % (n=3). Out of 97 cesarean deliveries, mortality was recorded in 17.53% (n=17). We concluded that mortality rates are higher in patients undergoing cesarean section.
Organisation of the school offer in Austria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on the organisation of the school offer. It analyses the distribution of schools across the country and the size of schools and classes as well as the distribution of responsibilities for maintaining schools and their infrastructure and facilities. It examines recent reforms to change the organisation of the school offer towards greater equity with the New Secondary School reform and the expansion of all-day schooling. Furthermore, it briefly describes how the school offer seeks to facilitate the inclusion of students with special educational needs and to meet the needs of greater diversity in schools and classrooms. It considers strengths and challenges, paying particular attention to the structural obstacles for a more rational organisation for the school offer in rural areas, the remaining equity issues of early tracking and selection, and the difficulties for the introduction of integrated forms of all-day schooling. It concludes by proposing different policy recommendations to address these issues.
The capacity of next limited multichannel DSL systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we study the capacity of multipair DSL systems limited by near end crosstalk. We begin by developing a statistical model for cross spectral matrices of the multipair crosstalk. We then compute the capacity for multiple Gaussian interfering signals based on some simplified analytic models. We analyze two specific cases where the number of disturbers is small and large. We also provide some analysis using measured data to demonstrate the gain in coordinating large number of pairs.
Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles: General Methodologies and Latest Trends

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background . Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an essential role in the communication between cells and transport of diagnostically significant molecules. A wide diversity of approaches utilizing different biochemical properties of EVs and a lack of accepted protocols make data interpretation very challenging. Scope of Review . This review consolidates the data on the classical and state-of-the-art methods for isolation of EVs, including exosomes, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Various characteristics of individual methods, including isolation efficiency, EV yield, properties of isolated EVs, and labor consumption are compared. Major Conclusions . A mixed population of vesicles is obtained in most studies of EVs for all used isolation methods. The properties of an analyzed sample should be taken into account when planning an experiment aimed at studying and using these vesicles. The problem of adequate EVs isolation methods still remains; it might not be possible to develop a universal EV isolation method but the available protocols can be used towards solving particular types of problems. General Significance . With the wide use of EVs for diagnosis and therapy of various diseases the evaluation of existing methods for EV isolation is one of the key problems in modern biology and medicine.
A review of FRP- strengthened RC beam-column connections

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Considerable research has been conducted over the last decade or so on the strengthening or repair of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structural elements such as beams, columns and slabs with externally bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Very little research, by comparison, has been conducted on the strengthening of RC beam­column connections with FRP, with the majority scattered in various journals and conference proceedings. Fewer analytical studies have been undertaken and design recommendations proposed. This paper provides a concise but systematic review of experimental research on the strengthening of RC connections with FRP in addition to an evaluation of the effectiveness of the strengthening schemes.
WHO International Standards and Reference Preparations for Cytokines and Growth Factors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The ability to quantify the activity of cytokines is an essential part of experimental and clinical investigation and is largely dependent upon the availability of suitable cytokine standards and reference reagents. The International Cytokine and Interferon Society (ICIS) Standards Committee was established to make recommendations regarding interferon and cytokine standards and standardization to the ICIS membership, and thereby to the international cytokine scientific community. The Committee works closely with the World Health Organization (WHO), the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Biodefense and Emerging Infections Resources Repository (BEI Resources), pharmaceutical manufacturers, and regulatory agencies. The Committee includes members from several of these organizations. The role that the Committee plays as a source of information and recommendations to the ICIS membership, and to the international cytokine scientific community as a whole, is very much dependent upon suitable standards and reference materials being made available by the NIBSC. Similarly, the Standardization and Nomenclature Committee of the ICIS reviews the need for cytokine standards and their usage. With the expanding role of cytokines and growth factors in the development and manufacture of biotechnology-derived products, for example, monoclonal antibodies targeting cytokines/growth factors, biosimilar medicines, cell and/or gene therapy products, the need for suitable standards is increasing.
Erosion parameter identification in overland flow areas: Application of a global and local search algorithm

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Two optimization algorithms and two objective functions were applied to determine erosion parameters for a physically-based, event-oriented model designed to simulate the processes of sedimentation for small watersheds. Three different flow-induced erosion equations were also tested with the four optimization procedures to examine the predictive capabilities of the equations. Synthetic error-free data as well as data contaminated with correlated and random error provided the means for determining the effectiveness of the four optimization procedures studied. After selecting the most effective optimization procedure and flow-induced erosion equation, the model was tested using sediment data from rainfall simulator plots and a small experimental watershed. The results from the rainfall simulator studies indicated that a structural problem may exist within the model. The agreement between simulated and observed responses for the watershed events studied indicated that the model was capable of describing sedimentation processes when they occurred on a larger scale.