jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The need for continuous quality assessment for providing optimal comprehensive care for patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an orphan disease that mainly affecting the liver and the lung. This creates difficulties to ensure that comprehensive care is administered to both organ systems. Past assessments of care delivered to patients with AATD demonstrated that improvements are needed. For that reason, we reassessed a population of patients with AATD in a large health care system to see if past findings affected present care. Methods: We performed electronic health record (EHR) reviews on all patients with documented AATD and confirmed the diagnosis by evidence of genotyping. We then selected the patients with the ZZ genotype to review comprehensive care. We further compared the findings in patients treated by different specialists (allergy immunology, gastroenterology, and pulmonary). The data were captured and assessed by using a secure web application for building and managing online surveys and data bases. REDCap. Results: We found a total of 329 patients with diagnostic codes for AATD, of these, 203 patients had a confirmed abnormal genotype. Confirmed genotypes were MZ (n = 69), ZZ (n = 48), MS (n = 22), SZ (n = 22). Further focus was applied to the care of the ZZ population secondary to a predisposition to potential severe lung and liver disease. The findings suggest that care can be improved no matter which specialist cares for the patient. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that all three subspecialty groups had room for improvement in providing care to patients with AATD. Our study further demonstrated the need for recurrent quality-assurance programs that may be aided by care suggestions built into the EHR.
Developmental analysis of Spalt function in the Drosophila prothoracic gland

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The Spalt transcriptional regulators participate in a variety of cell fate specification processes during development, regulating transcription through interactions with DNA AT-rich regions. Spalt proteins also bind to heterochromatic regions, and some of their effects require interactions with the NuRD chromatin remodeling and deacetylase complex. Most of the biological roles of Spalt proteins have been characterized in diploid cells engaged in cell proliferation. Here, we address the function of Drosophila Spalt genes in the development of a larval tissue formed by polyploid cells, the prothoracic gland, the cells of which undergo several rounds of DNA replication without mitosis during larval development. We show that prothoracic glands depleted of Spalt expression display severe changes in the size of the nucleolus, the morphology of the nuclear envelope and the disposition of the chromatin within the nucleus, leading to a failure in the synthesis of ecdysone. We propose that loss of ecdysone production in the prothoracic gland of Spalt mutants is primarily caused by defects in nuclear pore complex function that occur as a consequence of faulty interactions between heterochromatic regions and the nuclear envelope.
Pengaruh Viral Marketing Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Poco Smartphone

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Viral Marketing is the digital version of Word of Mouth marketing, involving the creation of videos, advertisements and other marketing content that is so contagious that customers will search for it or share it with friends. Poco Smartphone is a product that implements viral marketing activities by launching a product that is different from the others. The purpose of this research is to determine viral marketing, purchasing decisions, and the magnitude of the influence of viral marketing on Poco Smartphone purchasing decisions. The theories used in this research are marketing communication theory, viral marketing theory, social media theory, and Purchasing Decision theory. This research is quantitative research with a survey method and the data collection technique used was using a questionnaire. The population in this study was 2464 members of the Poco X3|X3 PRO|X3 GT Indonesia Facebook group and the sample used was 96 respondents who were calculated using the Taro Yamane formula. The sample data collection technique in this study used simple random sampling. This research uses simple linear regression data analysis techniques. The results of this research show that there is an influence between 1) viral marketing providing good results from statements in each dimension of messengers, messages and environment with an average gain of 4.19. 2) purchasing decisions provide good results from statements for each dimension such as Problem Recognition, Information Search, Alternative Evaluation, Purchase Decision, and Post-Purchase Behavior with an average of 4.26. 3) The influence of viral marketing on Poco smartphone purchasing decisions has a high level of influence, as can be seen from the large correlation value (r) of 0.866 and the R Square value of 0.749, which means that variable X (Viral Marketing) is influenced by variable Y (Purchasing Decision) of 74 .9%, while the remaining 25.1% is influenced by other factors outside of this research.
The impact of climate change to livelihood vulnerability for smallholders farmers in Wonogiri, Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Climate change has affected human life, especially farmers in rural areas. Their livelihoods are very dependent on the climate so that their socio-economic life becomes vulnerable. If there is a risk of crop failure, the community becomes vulnerable to poverty and hunger. This study determines the livelihood vulnerability of smallholders in Wonogiri District, Indonesia. Purposive sampling was used to select respondents in the sub-districts of Girimarto, Eromoko, and Tirtomoyo. The number of respondents was 120 households which were selected for farmers who only own less than 2 hectares of land. Descriptive statistics and modified social vulnerability index (SoVI) were used in data analysis. We measured the level of vulnerability for economic and social. The results show that climate change to social vulnerability index with SoVI scores of 0.68 for Tirtomoyo, 0.61 for Girimarto, and 0.55 for Eromoko, respectively. The differences in components between the three sample areas include regional gross domestic product (GDRP), poverty rate, population density, population growth rate, sex ratio, children, and elderly. The results of the study conclude that climate change has the potential to cause poverty levels in the three sub-districts to increase. In terms of resilience, they are quite resilient because they do not depend on government assistance. However, when climate change causes continuous crop failure, the level of resilience of farmers will also decline.
Suicide Prevention Resource Packet OVERVIEW

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The suicide rate among youth ages 10 to 19 has increased dramatically in the last few decades and is currently the third leading cause of death among youth ages 15-24 (National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 2002). From 1980-1997, the rate of suicide among youth ages 15-19 years old increased by 11 % and increased 109 % among youth aged 10-14. The rates of suicide increased among African-American youth, age 15-19, 105 % from 1980-1996 (Centers for Disease Control, 2000). More youth die from suicide each year than from cancer, heart disease, AIDS, birth defects, stroke, pneumonia and influenza, and chronic lung disease combined (U.S. Public Health Service, 1999). According to a survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control (1995) of 10,000 high school students, 24.1 % had serious thoughts about suicide, 17.7 % made a plan to attempt suicide, and 8.7 % had made a suicide attempt during that past 12 months. Gender differences in suicide rates are prevalent. Four to seven times the number of men than women die by suicide each year (National Institute of Mental Health, 1999). However, women report attempting suicide 2 to 3 times more often than men and women report higher rates of depression. The discrepancy is likely due to differences in suicide methods. Men are more likely
Competing Model–Nikahnamas: Muslim Women’s Spaces within the Legal Landscape in Lucknow

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper delineates the heterogeneity and tensions at work in Islamic family law in post-colonial India. Based on empirical data gathered in the city of Lucknow, northern India, it explores the ways in which (i) current debates on the form and nature of women’s rights in Islam challenge and fragment normative discourses on Islamic practice and ideology, and (ii) how in this context clear demarcations between secular and religious practice, and secular and religious legal authority get blurred. At the centre of my analysis is a document, called the nikhanama (marriage contract), which stipulates conjugal duties and rights as well as conditions of divorce and financial support. Heated public debate has surrounded recent attempts by both conservative and reform-oriented Muslim men and women to formulate a gender-just model-nikhanama. This paper challenges simplified modernist accounts that depict secular conceptions of state law as incompatible with religious non-state legal norms. Rather, the paper attempts to further a discussion of interlegality (Santos 2002) by conceptualising the legally plural landscape in Lucknow as a field of entanglements rather than as parallel systems of law and morals.
Bioactivity-Guided Screening of Wound-Healing Active Constituents from American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ethanol extract (EE) from Periplaneta americana (PA) is the main ingredient of Kangfuxin, which is a popular traditional chinese medicine (TCM) and has long been used for the clinical treatment of burns, wounds and ulcers. We compared the wound-healing activities of three extracts of PA using cutaneous wound-healing in mice as the bioactivity model. These three extracts were EE, total polysaccharide and total protein. We also tracked bioactive fractions in the EE by organic reagent extraction, column chromatography and HPLC. Seven compounds were successfully identified from the water elution fraction of the EE of PA using UPLC-MS. Among these compounds, four compounds (P2, P3, P4, P5(1)) were first reported in PA. Some of these compounds have been previously reported to have various pharmacological activities that could contribute to the high wound-healing activity of PA.
Opportunities of Bench Terracing in Tigray, Ethiopia: Taking Land to Water Perspective

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Tigray is a province with undulating topographic arrangement (with high and rugged mountains; flat topped plateau, deep gorges, river valleys and plains). This land features has been a challenge for irrigation expansion using the water resource potential in the region and it has been also a reason for keeping many rural youths landless and unemployed. The overall aim of this review is therefore to see whether bench terrace could contribute in solving the underutilization of the existed water potential and problem of rural youths. Experiences from the region and abroad has shown that bench terrace is a multipurpose structure in enhancing sloppy agricultural land technology. On top of retaining soil and water loss, bench terrace is effective in creating new cultivable land for landless and unemployed youths in areas which are suitable for irrigation by diversion of perennial rivers, spate irrigation and earthen dam farming. It can be approach of taking cultivable land in to water instead of water to the cultivable land. But, it should be clear that all sloppy land would not mean suitable for bench terracing. It needs systematic selection of suitable sloppy land in reference to the alternative irrigation water availability and also unless compensated by cultivating perennial and cash crops, the costs for intensive labor input, continuous maintenance and loss of previous vegetations are the other negative dimensions of bench terracing. Keywords: landless, irrigation, youth, bench terrace, Tigray
The bounded rationality of groups and teams

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The concept of bounded rationality offers a new perspective on the study of groups and teams that moves beyond traditional group research. As a signature characteristic, group research that subscribes to the approach of bounded rationality focuses on the match between group strategies and characteristics of both the information and social environment. Historically, group research has often focused on group performance and productivity. The history of group research using outcome and performance measures is, by and large, a history of demonstrating group failure. This chapter illustrates how the concept of bounded rationality can broaden our view on process losses. The bounded rationality perspective suggests that some failures and process losses in groups that are described in the literature are limited to information environments that have been used in laboratory experiments. Some process losses observed in lab experiments may result from behaviors that are otherwise adaptive in information environments that groups encounter outside of the lab.
Clinical phenotypes of adult atopic dermatitis and related therapies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review To report current knowledge on the different clinical phenotypes of adult atopic dermatitis. Possible therapeutic intervention in relation to phenotype is also evaluated. Recent findings Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting up to 10% of adults. It can manifest with different clinical phenotypes, causing diagnostic difficulties. Long-term is often required and systemic drugs are needed for moderate-to-severe forms. However, few drugs are registered for atopic dermatitis in many countries. Furthermore, limited data exist regarding the treatment in relation to individual clinical phenotypes. Summary Currently, the most relevant data are those for cyclosporine, alitretinoin, and dupilumab. Cyclosporine and dupilumab showed to be effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, although in trials and real-life experiences the different phenotypes treated are usually not reported. However, cyclosporine appears to be effective in prurigo nodularis. Alitretinoin is reported to be particularly efficacious for atopic dermatitis of the hands, while it is ineffective for other locations of the disease. Dupilumab demonstrated its efficacy in prurigo nodularis and nummular eczema phenotypes of atopic dermatitis; moreover, especially in elderly patients, its effectiveness seems to be faster if the folds of the limbs are involved.
Nonclinical Vehicle Use in Studies by Multiple Routes in Multiple Species

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The laboratory toxicologist is frequently faced with the challenge of selecting appropriate vehicles or developing utilitarian formulations for use in in vivo nonclinical safety assessment studies. Although there are many vehicles available that may meet physical and chemical requirements for chemical or pharmaceutical formulation, there are wide differences in species and route of administration specific to tolerances to these vehicles. In current practice, these differences are largely approached on a basis of individual experience as there is only scattered literature on individual vehicles and no comprehensive treatment or information source. This approach leads to excessive animal use and unplanned delays in testing and development. To address this need, a consulting firm and three contract research organizations conducted a rigorous data mining operation of control (vehicle) data from studies dating from 1991 to present. The results identified 65 single component vehicles used in 368 studies across multiple species (dog, primate, rat, mouse, rabbit, guinea pig, minipig, chick embryo, and cat) by multiple routes. Reported here are the results of this effort, including maximum tolerated use levels by species, route, and duration of study, with accompanying dose limiting toxicity. Also included are basic chemical information and a review of available literature on each vehicle, as well as guidance on volume limits and pH by route and some basic guidance on nonclinical formulation development.
Global Diffusion of the Internet: The Internet in Rwanda

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article uses the Global Diffusion of the Internet (GDI) framework to examine Internet diffusion in Rwanda along six dimensions: pervasiveness, geographical dispersion, sectoral absorption, connectivity infrastructure, organisational infrastructure, and sophistication of use. Internet access was launched in 1996, but it was only in 2004 that significant Internet penetration occurred, when the privatisation of Rwandatel to Terracom brought in new investments and technology and the ISP market was opened to competition. Access to the Internet grew to approximately 24% of the population in 2012 or 2.7 million subscribers. Internet growth is hampered by factors which include poor resource mobilisation, unrealistic implementation plans, shortage of qualified human resources, a miniscule private sector, low level of private sector involvement and low Internet usage awareness. Despite these challenges, Rwanda has attained Level 4 (pervasive) for pervasiveness, Level 3 (broad) for connectivity infrastructure, Level 2 (controlled) for organisational infrastructure, Level 3 (highly dispersed) for geographic dispersion, Level 3 (common) for sectoral absorption and Level 3 (transforming) for sophistication of use. This limited progress is due partly to the policy focus on addressing Internet access (Vision 2020), and financial support from multilateral and bilateral agencies. Further policy and regulatory action and heightened awareness of the Internet are required to translate the statistics for GDI into greater access.
Depression among nursing students in an Indian government college

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Depression is a major public health threat that can affect anyone including health professionals and nursing students. Objectives and Methods This analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 students of a nursing college to find out the burden of depression on them and possible contributing factors using the Beck Depression Inventory. Results 63.9% of the students were found to be depressed, the majority being mild in grade. First-year students were found to be significantly more affected (P=0.008). Binary logistic regression showed that familial disharmony, disinterest in the course and insecurity about future placement were statistically significant factors behind the development of depression. Conclusion It is imperative that the psychological condition of nursing students be viewed as an important aspect to be considered, particularly within the Indian population and others in which there is a paucity of data.
Electro-mechanical impedance and wave propagation modeling of piezoceramic transducers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The advent of smart materials, such as LEAD Zirconate Titanate (PZT), has ushered a new era in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). The new SHM technique in virtue of PZT transducers, because of many advantages such as autonomous, real- time, online and remote monitoring, may provide a cost-effective alternative to the conventional SHM techniques.
State of the art of health observatories: narratives on policy and systems analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The democratization and ease of publication of information, supported by new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), has provided the increasing use of tools designated as 'observatories' as an institutional device for health. The expansion of the demand for information in the process of elaboration and/or monitoring of public policies of the most distinct areas and fields of knowledge production has been a factor that has facilitated, in recent decades, the use of these tools in many countries, among them Brazil . This article aims to present the results of a review of the literature on existing observatories in the health area, characterizing the scientific production on Brazilian and international experiences dedicated to the analysis of policies and systems. The main research themes, researchers and study results were identified, with the purpose of discussing the functions of these observatories and possible contributions to health policies. Through an advanced search in databases, 233 publications were found. From the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 studies were selected for analysis and categorization. Most of the studies show that observatories had the function of providing credible information for follow-up on health policies, strategic planning and evidence-based decision making. It is worth mentioning the tendency to increase the capacity of the workforce in health research, to facilitate the management of data and the availability of information, as well as the functioning as a virtual repository of information or, also, the network organization. It is concluded with a reflection on the limits and possibilities of observatories as a new tool for health policies.
Oxygen metabolite-induced cytotoxicity to cultured rat gastric mucosal cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Reactive oxygen metabolites have been reported to be responsible for the pathogenesis of ischemia-induced gastric mucosal lesions. We have investigated the possible protective effect of specific enzymes and oxygen radical scavenging agents on oxygen metabolite-induced injury to cultured gastric mucosal cells. Oxygen-reactive metabolites were generated by 1 mM xanthine and 10–100 mU/ml xanthine oxidase. Cytotoxicity was quantified by measuring 51Cr release from prelabeled cells. Xanthine oxidase caused a dose-dependent increase of 51Cr release in the presence of 1 mM xanthine. Catalase (an enzyme that reduces hydrogen peroxide) diminished xanthine-xanthine oxidase-induced 51Cr release in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxide dismutase (a scavenger of superoxide radical) failed to affect the amounts of 51Cr release induced by xanthine plus xanthine oxidase. Pretreatment with diethyl maleate, which depletes intracellular glutathione, potentiated oxygen radical-mediated 51Cr release dose dependently. The presence of ferrous ion or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-chelated iron, which promote the formation of hydroxyl radical, did not alter xanthine-xanthine oxidase-induced cellular injury. Furthermore, agents that inactivate hydroxyl radical also failed to protect the cells from oxygen metabolite-induced injury. We conclude that in vitro oxygen metabolites, extracellularly generated, have a direct toxic effect on gastric mucosal cells; hydrogen peroxide is a major mediator of oxygen metabolite-induced gastric cell injury; the oxygen-derived superoxide and hydroxyl radicals are less toxic to gastric mucosal cells than hydrogen peroxide; and intracellular glutathione, which detoxifies hydrogen peroxide, may be involved in antioxidant defense mechanisms.