jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Simulation of stresses, residual stresses, and distortion in stepped cylinders of AISI 4140 due to martensitical hardening by immersion cooling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Heat treatment improves mechanical properties of steel parts, but also causes residual stresses and distortion. Stresses and deformation occurring during heat treatment can not be measured in-situ with appropriate temporal and spatial resolution. In order to evaluate the processes occurring in the workpiece during quenching as well as the residual stresses and distortions. numerical methods have to be used. Heat conduction, phase transformations, and mechanical behaviour of the material as well as the couplings between the processes such as transformation plasticity have to be modeled for the simulation of steel hardening. Temperature and phase dependent properties (including TTT-data) have to incorporated into calculations. One of the major factors determinant the evolution of stress and deformation is the heat-transfer coefficient between component and quenching medium. For vapourizing liquids, heat transfer depends on temperature and location. But heat transfer is not only influenced by the quenchant but also by part geometry and size. Stepped cylinders of AISI 4140 steel were quenched in water and oil. Both experimental measurements and numerical calculations were carried out. The variation of drive-in direction strongly influences the rewetting of the specimen surface and therefore the cooling behaviour stress and deformation evolution, and resultant residual stresses and distortion. Excellent agreement is obtained between calculated and experimental results.
Construction of FMDV VP1 Gene Using Artificial DNA Synthesis and Transformation of Nicotiana tabacum Using Agrobacterium Vector System

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FMDV는 동물에서 구제역을 일으키는 병원체이며, VP1은 이 바이러스의 주요 capsid단백질이므로 구제역의 진단과 단백질 백신의 개발에 가장 많이 사용되는 재료 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 FMDV taiwan O형과 베트남에서 분리된 FMDV의 VP1 sequence를 기반으로 식물에서 VP1 유전자의 발현을 위하여 633 bp의 VP1유전자로 재편집하였으며, 이를 long-nucleotide를 사용한 multiple fragment extension 방법을 사용하여 인공적인 DNA 단편을 합성하였다. 또한 새로운 식물 형질전환 벡터로 pBI121 과 pCAMBIA1390의 장점을 수용하여, hygromycin 저항성과 CaMV 35S promoter를 포함하는 pCAMBIA II를 제작하였다. 제작된 벡터와 VP1 유전자 및 GFP유전자를 사용하여 담배를 형질 전환시켰고, 각각의 형질전환식물체내에서 전체길이의 target gene(VPl)의 성공적인 삽입을 확인하였다. 각 유전자의 발현은 RT-PCR과 Real-Time PCR의 결과로 측정하였으며, VP1 유전자의 전사가 담배 내에서 이루어졌음과 고효율의 전사체를 만드는 형질전환체 VP1-4를 선별하였다. FMDV is a viral pathogen that caused foot-and-mouth disease in animals. VP1 is a major capsid protein of FMDV. It is known as one of best materials for the FMDV diagnosis and for the development of protein vaccine. In this study, 633 bp of VP1 gene was modified for the expression of VP1 in plant, based on the VP1 DNA sequence from FMDV taiwan O type and from FMDV isolated vietnam. The. deduced DNA fragment was artificially synthesized using the multiple fragment extension with long-nucleotides. A new plant transgenic vector system, pCAMBIA139011 was constructed on the basis of pBI12l and pCAMBIA1390. Using this vector system and GFP gene or modified VP1 gene, each target gene was introduced into Nicotiana tabacum. The insertion of whole target gene was successfully confirmed in each transgenic plant named GFP-A7 and VP1-4, respectively. The expression level of each gene was estimated by RT-PCR and Real-Time PCR using VP1, GFP specific primers.
Normative evaluations and frequency expectations regarding positive versus negative outcome allocations between groups

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Data from several recent studies consistently show a positive–negative asymmetry in social discrimination: within a minimal social situation tendencies towards ingroup favouritism which usually appear in allocations of positively valenced resources are absent in the domain of negatively valenced stimuli. The present study investigates whether this valence-asymmetry has any correspondence to variations in normative evaluations of positive versus negative outcome allocations. For this purpose perceptions of normative appropriateness as well as frequency expectations of outside observers regarding outcome allocations made by categorized group members were investigated. Results show that parity choices were perceived as more normatively appropriate than out- or ingroup favouritism. While outgroup favouritism was judged as inappropriate as ingroup favouritism for positive resources, ingroup favouring decisions for negative resources were perceived as the least appropriate response within the minimal social situation. In addition, in contrast to results of St. Claire and Turner (1982) non-categorized subjects expected ingroup favouring decisions by group members more frequently than parity or outgroup favouring choices with respect to positively valanced resources. When, however, negative resources were to be allocated, outgroup favouritism was predominantly expected. Results are discussed in terms of justice considerations and are linked to a normative account of the positive--negative asymmetry in social discrimination. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic physiological and transcriptome changes reveal a po-tential relationship between the circadian clock and salt stress response in Ulmus pumila

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Despite the important role the circadian clock plays in numerous critical physiological responses in plants, such as hypocotyl elongation, leaf movement, stomatal opening, flowering, and stress responses, there have been no investigations into the effect of the circadian clock on physiological and transcriptional networks under salt stress. Ulmus pumila L.—a major tree species used for timber, shelter, food, medicine, fodder, and ecological protection—has been reported to tolerate 100~150 mM NaCl treatment. We performed a time-course physiological and transcriptome analysis of 2-years-old U. pumila seedlings under salt treatment to dissect the physiological regulation and potential relationship between the circadian clock and the salt stress response. Seedlings in 150 mM NaCl treatment exhibited salt-induced physiological enhancement compared to the control group. A total of 7,009 unigenes were identified under salt stress, of which 283 unigenes were identified as circadian rhythm genes and 16 unigenes were differentially expressed (circadian rhythm-related DEGs). Further analysis of dynamic expression changes revealed that DEGs involved in four crucial pathways—photosynthesis, thiamine metabolism, abscisic acid synthesis and metabolism, and the hormone-MAPK signal crosstalk pathway—are closely related to the circadian clock. Finally, we constructed a co-expression network between the circadian clock and these four crucial pathways. Our results help shed light on the molecular link between the circadian clock and salt stress tolerance in U. pumila.
Vapor Phase Deposition Using a Plasma Spray Process

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Plasma spray – physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) is a low pressure plasma spray technology to deposit coatings out of the vapor phase. PS-PVD is part of the family of new hybrid processes recently developed by Sulzer Metco AG (Switzerland) on the basis of the well established low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) technology. Included in this new process family are plasma spray - chemical vapor deposition (PS-CVD) and plasma spray - thin film (PS-TF) processes. In comparison to conventional vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) and low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS), these new processes use a high energy plasma gun operated at a work pressure below 2 mbar. This leads to unconventional plasma jet characteristics which can be used to obtain specific and unique coatings. An important new feature of PS-PVD is the possibility to deposit a coating not only by melting the feed stock material which builds up a layer from liquid splats but also by vaporizing the injected material. Therefore, the PS-PVD process fills the gap between the conventional physical vapor deposition (PVD) technologies and standard thermal spray processes. The possibility to vaporize feedstock material and to produce layers out of the vapor phase results in new and unique coating microstructures. The properties of such coatings are superior to those of thermal spray and EB-PVD coatings. In contrast to EB-PVD, PS-PVD incorporates the vaporized coating material into a supersonic plasma plume. Due to the forced gas stream of the plasma jet, complex shaped parts like multi-airfoil turbine vanes can be coated homogeneously with columnar thermal barrier coatings using PS-PVD. This paper reports on the progress made by Sulzer Metco to develop a thermal spray process to produce coatings out of the vapor phase.
Soil properties and greenhouse gas emissions in a long-term wheat fertility study

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Long-term field studies have been vital sources of information regarding the effects of amendments on soil properties because they account for natural variability and complexities of experimental conditions over time. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of soil fertility amendments on soil physical and chemical properties and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at a long-term continuous wheat soil fertility experiment which was established in 1892 on Oklahoma prairie soils. Samples for analysis of soil chemical and physical properties were collected prior to planting of the 2023 wheat crop while the analyses of some physical properties were performed in situ. Collection of gas samples for GHG analysis was performed within the 17-month study period. Manure application led to higher pH and soil organic matter (SOM) content. Continued phosphorus and potassium applications seemed to cause their accumulation on the surface while nitrogen application led to nitrate leaching all the way to the 45 cm depths. Although there were observed trends in treatment effects on physical properties, most were not statistically different likely be due to the overwhelming tendency of continuous conventional tillage to homogenize soil physical properties. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions were influenced by soil temperature and rainfall. Emissions of both GHGs were appreciably higher in the N-applied and the manure-applied treatments. The study showed that long-term continuous fertilizer application influenced GHG emissions, soil physical and chemical properties, as well as the distribution of nutrients in the soil profile.
Education, Labor Market, and Development: A Review of the Trends and Issues in the Philippines for the Past 25 Years

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper comprehensively reviews the developments in the education and labor markets in the Philippines in the past 25 years. It highlights the trends on how the labor market used educated workers. It also reviews how education has contributed to national development. Furthermore, it summarizes the recommendations of several comprehensive reviews done for the sector in the last decade. Finally, it identifies research areas for the sector.
Combination of mTOR inhibitor PP242 and AMPK activator metformin exerts enhanced inhibitory effects on colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro by blocking multiple kinase pathways

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The second-generation mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor PP242 has demonstrated limited success in some rapamycin-insensitive tumours. We examined the therapeutic potential of combining PP242 with adenosine 50- monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator metformin, using a panel of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cell lines. We found that the PP242 and metformin combination enhanced the suppression of CRC cell proliferation, colony formation, and cancer cell apoptosis induction. The effect of this combination was observed on AMPK phosphorylation. Western blotting showed that PP242 inhibited mTORC1 activation, as indicated by the reduced expression of its major substrate p-S6K1 and the partially reduced phosphorylation of eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). The inhibition of mTORC2-mediated AKT phosphorylation at Ser 473 (AKT Ser473) was transient and occurred in the first few hours of PP242 treatment; metformin exposure decreased the PP242 activity, counteracting AKT activation. We further demonstrated that this was related to direct AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser789. Thus, the combination of PP242 and metformin completely blocked the activity of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 kinase. This study suggests that this combination could be a more effective strategy for the treatment of CRC.
Words to Songs and the Internet: A Comparative Study of Transcriptions of Words to the Song “Midnight Train to Georgia”, Recorded by Gladys Knight and the Pips in 1973

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With the arrival of the world-wide web, the material conditions by which transcribed words to songs appear altered dramatically. Four publishing conditions that existed prior to the internet are described. Recent developments in music publishing are described. A case study ensues, by which three transcriptions of the words to a single recorded song are compared (“Midnight Train to Georgia,” recorded by Gladys Knight and the Pips in 1973), two of the transcriptions taken from internet sites and a third by the author. Conclusions are drawn concerning the nature and activity of transcribing words to songs.
Developing eLearning: A case study of Tennessee High School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ELearning at the secondary level is an emerging concept educators are exploring throughout Tennessee. Educators at Tennessee High School implemented a system of eLearning that improved their graduation rate, extended the educational day, and gave administrators more tools to use in helping students achieve success. Tennessee High School's model for eLearning developed over a 3-year time span and has substantially impacted the students in Bristol, Tennessee.\nTennessee High School's administration, in concert with faculty, developed an innovative method of challenging their students with a relatively new means of delivering education. By implementing a completely web based method of delivering instruction, they created an alternative approach to instructional delivery for students lacking credits for on-time graduation as well as those with discipline problems. Furthermore, they developed teacher professional development programs using this delivery system.\nThis case study focuses on the barriers, benefits, and components of Tennessee High School's eLearning implementation. These barriers that include such items as cost, policy formation, and curriculum development were all new concepts for the educators at Tennessee High School. This case documents how the benefits reaped by eLearning have impacted the students at THS. For example, the ability to offer more courses to students that fit almost any schedule has reduced scheduling conflicts. Administrators have enjoyed having another tool to work with concerning student discipline as well.
Automatic generation of GRBF networks for visual learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Learning can often be viewed as the problem of mapping from an input space to an output space. Examples of these mappings are used to construct a continuous function that approximates given data and generalizes for intermediate instances. Generalized Radial Basis Function (GRBF) networks are used to formulate this approximating function. A novel method is introduced to construct an optimal GRBF network for a given mapping and error bound using the integral wavelet transform. Simple one-dimensional examples are used to demonstrate how the optimal network is superior to one constructed using standard ad hoc optimization techniques. The paper concludes with an application of optimal GRBF networks to object recognition and pose estimation. The results of this application are favorable.< >
Quality of life in celiac disease and the effect of gluten‐free diet

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Aim Patients with celiac disease (CD) have a poor health‐related quality of life (HR‐QOL). We assessed the QOL in patients with CD using both generic (SF‐12) and specific (CD‐QOL) questionnaires, and the effect of gluten‐free diet (GFD) on HR‐QOL. Methods We conducted a prospective follow‐up study based on consecutive patients of suspected CD between June 2014 and November 2015. After taking a detailed history, all patients were subjected to laboratory investigations (including complete blood count, biochemistry, and the IgA tTG antibody), followed by endoscopy and duodenal biopsies for histopathology. The HR‐QOL was assessed using SF‐12 and CD‐QOL questionnaires. Patients who were strictly adherent to GFD were re‐assessed at the end of 6 months for laboratory parameters and QOL. Results Sixty adult patients of CD, with mean age of 28.85 ± 12.43 years, and a M:F ratio of 1.3:1, were enrolled in the study. The mean PCS (physical health composite scale score) and MCS (mental health composite scale score) at baseline were 37.20 ± 11.09 and 41.88 ± 8.39, which showed a statistically significant improvement after GFD to 50.30 ± 9.88 and 50.22 ± 9.04, respectively. Though there was no significant difference in the total CD‐QOL score after GFD, there was a significant improvement in the dysphoria and health‐concern subscales. We also found a negative correlation of the pre‐GFD symptom score (based on number of positive symptoms) with PCS and MCS and a positive correlation with the CD‐QOL score. Conclusion This study has shown a reduced HR‐QOL in adult CD patients, which improves significantly on GFD, and is associated with a higher symptom number.
Extreme ultraviolet photometer for observations of helium in interplanetary space

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A four-channel photometer sensitive to two solar EUV lines which are resonantly scattered by helium gas was developed for flight on the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Two channels observed the 58.4-nm line of He I and used helium gas resonant absorption cells to determine the intensities of the center and wings of that line. The other two channels observed the 30.4-nm line of He II. The instrument surveyed much of the celestial sphere during a series of slow rolling maneuvers by the Apollo spacecraft. The experiment operated properly, and usable data were obtained. Study of the distributions of flux seen, and of the ratio of 58.4-nm fluxes seen with gas cells full and empty, will refine current understanding of several poorly known properties of the local interstellar medium. Study of the 30.4-nm flux distribution will refine present knowledge of the structure of the earth's plasmasphere.
Enablers, Barriers and Practical Applications of a Group‐Based Pain Self‐Management Program for Patients Receiving Medical Cannabis: A Qualitative Study of Patients and Clinicians

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background Pain self‐management (PSM) programs have demonstrated effectiveness as a pain management strategy, yet evidence remains scarce for patients with chronic pain treated with medical cannabis. We aimed to explore feasibility aspects and practical applications of developing and implementing a group‐based PSM intervention in this context. Methods Twenty‐two semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 chronic pain patients treated with cannabis and 12 clinicians from a range of expertise. Results Overall, the interviewees believed that the proposed intervention is feasible; yet it is essential to consider the following aspects during program planning and implementation. Inductive thematic analysis of interview transcripts identified five major themes. The first is that the program enablers include the intrinsic benefits of therapeutic group dynamics, aligning expectations, and setting individual goals at program initiation. The second theme is the program barriers. These include expected challenges for participants due to behavioral and mental changes that necessitate high commitment, the challenge for the group leader in delivering an appropriate response to each participant's emotional narrative; and managing logistical issues. The third theme is the psychological experience of living with pain, with an emphasis on addressing patients' emotional perspectives within the program's framework, namely, their perceptions of pain, fear of pain, and the relations of such to past experiences. The fourth theme is the psychoeducation on pain and cannabis use, including the brain‐pain connection and informed guidance regarding cannabis use. The fifth theme is the integration of guided movement and relaxation techniques in pain management, thus underscoring the importance of practice during the group sessions. Conclusions Our findings suggest key elements that may inform planning PSM‐approach therapy groups, tailored to the particular needs of patients with chronic pain using medical cannabis.
A Bayesian Method for Real‐Time Earthquake Location Using Multiparameter Data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A primary task of a network‐based, earthquake early warning system is the prompt event detection and location, needed to assess the magnitude of the event and its potential damage through the predicted peak ground shaking amplitude using empirical attenuation relationships. Most of real‐time, automatic earthquake location methods ground on the progressive measurement of the first P‐wave arrival time at stations located at increasing distances from the source but recent approaches showed the feasibility to improve the accuracy and rapidity of the earthquake location by using the additional information carried by the P‐wave polarization or amplitude, especially with unfavorable seismic network lay‐outs. Here, we propose an evolutionary, Bayesian method for the real‐time earthquake location which combines the information derived from the differential P‐wave arrival times, amplitude ratios and back‐azimuths measured at a minimum of two stations. As more distant stations record the P‐wave, the posterior pdf is updated and new earthquake location parameters are determined along with their uncertainty. To validate the location method, we performed a retrospective analysis of mainshocks ( M > 4.5) occurred during the 2016–2017 Central Italy earthquake sequence by simulating the typical acquisition layouts of in‐land, coastal and linear array of stations. Results show that with the combined use of the three parameters, 2–4 s after the first P‐wave detection, the method converges to stable and accurate determinations of epicentral coordinates and depth even with a nonoptimal coverage of stations. The proposed methodology can be generalized and adapted to the off‐line analysis of seismic records collected by standard local networks.
On a Cave-Dwelling Mysid From Cuba, of the Genus Spelaeomysis Caroli (Mysidacea, Lepidomysidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

[Une description detaillee est donnee de Spelaeomysis nuniezi Bacescu & Orghidan. On insiste, entre autres, sur les particularites de la mandibule. L'espece (un des deux mysides actuellement connus de Cuba) avait ete decrite d'une grotte situee a la limite entre les provinces La Habana et Pinar del Rio (materiel recueilli en 1970). La presente description s'appuie sur les exemplaires captures en 1969 dans le lac d'une grotte creusee dans la Cayo Caguanes, au N. de la province Las Villas (a 400 km de distance par rapport au locus typicus)., Une description detaillee est donnee de Spelaeomysis nuniezi Bacescu & Orghidan. On insiste, entre autres, sur les particularites de la mandibule. L'espece (un des deux mysides actuellement connus de Cuba) avait ete decrite d'une grotte situee a la limite entre les provinces La Habana et Pinar del Rio (materiel recueilli en 1970). La presente description s'appuie sur les exemplaires captures en 1969 dans le lac d'une grotte creusee dans la Cayo Caguanes, au N. de la province Las Villas (a 400 km de distance par rapport au locus typicus).]