jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Prehospital Patella Dislocation Reduction Protocol

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Acute patella dislocations account for up to 3% of all knee injuries. Prehospital care of patella dislocation often includes knee immobilization and pain management, but in the wilderness environment patella reductions are often performed by basic life support providers. Given the potential benefits of early reduction, the perceived low risk of harm and precedent with which the procedure can be performed, patella reduction was added to the EMT scope of practice in New York State. Our objective is to characterize the mechanism of patella related injuries and describe the success rate and complications experienced with the addition of a prehospital patella reduction protocol.Methods: This was a retrospective review of a voluntary, preexisting, quality assurance database of cases in which a patella reduction was attempted between October 1, 2016 and June 30, 2018.Results: 90 patients underwent an attempt at patella reduction at one of 52 EMS agencies during the study period. The most common mechanism was a sports-related injury. Patella reduction was successful 83/90 (92.2%). Median pain score was reduced from 10 to 2. There were no reported complications.Conclusion: While a convenience sample, our results provide preliminary evidence that patella reduction can be performed by EMS providers with infrequent complication and offers significant pain relief.
Research on the impact of digital finance on the innovation performance of enterprises

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purposes of this paper are to analyze whether digital finance can contribute to enterprises' innovation performance and to determine the mediating effect of government subsidies. Design/methodology/approach This paper empirically examines the impacts of digital finance on enterprises' innovation performance by looking at Chinese companies listed on the SME and GEM boards from 2011 to 2018 to build an econometric model to test our hypotheses. The mediating effect of government subsidies, the moderating effect of financial constraints are examined, as well as shareholding of the largest shareholders in each selected company and the asset-liability ratio. Findings The results show that digital finance has a significant promotional effect on firms' innovation performance and that government subsidies play a partial mediating role in digital finance's contribution to firms' innovation performance. In addition, financial constraints and the shareholding of the largest shareholders in each selected company have a negative moderating effect on the relationship between government subsidies and firms' innovation performance. On the contrary, the asset-liability ratio is found to positively affect the relationship. Originality/value There has been limited research to date on the relationship between digital finance and firms' innovation performance, particularly with regard to the extent to which digital finance can influence innovation performance and the mechanisms for doing so. Therefore, it is of great significance to examine the relationship between digital finance and enterprises' innovation performance, which can also provide guidance for both the Chinese government and enterprises.
[Results of open heart surgery in neonates--comparison between profound hypothermia with circulatory arrest and deep hypothermic bypass].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To investigate factors affecting surgical outcome of open heart surgery in neonates, a retrospective review was carried out on 38 patients operated in the 9 years period from May 1981 to August 1990, in our institution (TAPVR19, TGA7, HLHS7, and others 5). In the former 3 years and 9 month period, 12 patients were operated with the use of profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest (Group I) and in the latest 5 year and 5 month period, continuous deep hypothermic bypass was used in all but for 7 patients with HLHS (Group II). In the group of neonates with TAPVR, operative mortality improved to 7% (1 of 14) in Group II compared to that of 60% (3 of 5) in Group I. CVP and LAP measured immediately after cessation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were lower in Group II and the value of CPK-MB was significantly lower in Group II. There was a significant negative correlation (r = -0.695, p less than 0.05) between CPB time and urine volume for 72 hours after operation. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.899, p less than 0.01) was also obtained between CPB time and urine volume in the group of 7 neonates with TGA. There was no significant difference in urine volume between patients with TAPVR and TGA despite of significantly longer CPB time in patients with TGA. It is concluded that, 1) improved protection of cardiac and renal function was obtained in neonates operated with the use of continuous deep hypothermic bypass, 2) surgical outcome was influenced by the method of CPB, CPB time and differences in cardiac function ascribed to primary lesions.
On the Choice of Alternative Measures in Importance Sampling with Markov Chains

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the simulation of Markov chains, importance sampling involves replacing the original transition matrix, say P, with a suitably chosen transition matrix Q that tends to visit the states of interest more frequently. The likelihood ratio of P relative to Q is an important random variable in the importance sampling method. It always has expectation one, and for any interesting pair of transition matrices P and Q, there is a sample path length that causes the likelihood ratio to be close to zero with probability close to one. This may cause the variance of the importance sampling estimator to be larger than the variance of the traditional estimator. We develop sufficient conditions for ensuring the tightness of the distribution of the logarithm of the likelihood ratio for all sample path lengths, and we show that when these conditions are satisfied, the likelihood ratio is approximately lognormally distributed with expected value one. These conditions can be used to eliminate some choices of the alternative transition matrix Q that are likely to result in a variance increase. We also show that if the likelihood ratio is to remain well behaved for all sample path lengths, the alternative transition matrix Q has to approach the original transition matrix P as the sample path length increases. The practical significance of this result is that importance sampling can be difficult to apply successfully in simulations that involve long sample paths.
Abstract 13052: Clinical Utilization of Natriuretic Peptide Levels Independent of WATCH-DM Score for Heart Failure Prediction in a Large-Scale Asian Diabetic Population - A Multi-Center Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is an important co-morbid condition strongly associated with the risk of developing heart failure (HF). Risk scores such as the WATCH-DM score that predict the occurrence of HF among diabetes patients are largely based on data collected from white ethnicities. Hypothesis Here, we sought to investigate surrogate markers for predicting HF among type 2 diabetes patients of Asian ethnicities Methods Data on baseline characteristics (according to WATCH-DM scoring), laboratory information (mainly sugar profiles, renal function, and Natriuretic Peptide [NP]: N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide [NT-proBNP], and 12-lead surface electrocardiography (ECG) findings were collected among adult Asians (aged ≥ 20 years old) with type 2 diabetes free from HF diagnosis from a multi-center cohort. We analyzed the clinical indicators for incident HF during the entire course of follow-up. Results: Among 6,668 study participants (mean age: 62.9±14.3 years, 49.3% male), the overall HF incidence was 13.7% (n=916) during a median of 3.6 years ([25 th ~75 th ]: 1.86~5.57 years) of follow-up period. Using backward multivariate selection, we identified aging (adjusted odd ratio [aOR]: 1.21, per 10-year increment), higher body mass index (aOR: 1.11, per 5 kg/m 2 increment), history of myocardial infarction (aOR: 2.26), atrial fibrillation rhythm (aOR: 1.72), prolonged QRS duration (aOR: 1.08, per 10-ms increment) by ECG (according to WATCH-DM score), higher NT-proBNP level (aOR: 1.47, per 1 log-transformed unit increment), and renal impairment (aOR: 1.06, eGFR per 10 mL/min/1.73m 2 decline) as independent predictors of incident HF. The optimal cutoff of NT-proBNP in predicting HF incidence was 77.3 pg/mL. Conclusions: In this large-scale survey, our findings highlighted the baseline clinical indicators and the potential utilization of ECG and NP in HF prediction among diabetic Asians. Additionally, we demonstrated that optimal predictive value of NP to be remarkably lower than contemporary HF cutoff independent of WATCH-DM score.
Oxidační stres u antracyklinové kardiotoxicity u králíka

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate possible changes of 4-hydroxynonenal expression in rabbit aorta after repeated administration of daunorubicin. Chronic anthracycline cardiotoxicity was induced by repeated administration of daunorubicinu (3 mg/kg=50 mg/m2 i.v., 1x week) for the period of 10 weeks. We focused on the monitoring VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression in rabbit aorta. Ten daunorubicin groups were compared with control rabbits. The animals were killed 24 hours and/or 7 days after the administration of daunorubicin. Immunohistochemical analysis showed no expression of 4-HNE in any control or experimental groups. In conclusion, the administration of daunorubicin did not induce 4-HNE expression in aorta in either control and daunorubicin treated rabbits, suggesting that endothelial dysfunction and/or oxidative stress in aorta is not triggered by daunorubicin treatment in vivo.
CYBERSECURITY CHALLENGES IN THE MALACCA STRAITS: INDONESIA’S STRATEGIC APPROACH THROUGH BSSN AND IMIC

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The government’s attention is anticipated to be directed towards the proper management of maritime cybersecurity in the Malacca Strait, given the intricate nature of the dangers involved. This will assist Indonesia’s objectives as a Global Maritime Axis. Indonesia has created institutional synergies through BSSN and BAKAMLA to ensure that daily operations in this area are at the forefront of minimizing maritime cybersecurity threats. Using theories of cybersecurity, maritime security, and security cooperation, this article aims to understand the cooperation between these institutions, namely BSSN through BDS and BAKAMLA with IMIC, in the field of maritime security, including the mitigation of maritime cybersecurity threats that jeopardize national sovereignty. The essay uses a descriptive qualitative method to show how Indonesia is working hard to merge these two agencies so they can better address maritime cybersecurity in Indonesian waters and this paper was validated by interviewing several actors or strategic position holders in IMIC and BSSN who play a direct role in the technical field. This involves working together to address marine cybersecurity concerns in the “Nusantara Jaya,” or Malacca Strait. Though decisions from the Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR RI) are still pending, in practice, collaboration between these government entities is dependent on the legal frameworks provided by Indonesian laws and regulations controlling marine security, safety, and law enforcement. After these frameworks are put into effect, it is envisaged that they will make maritime management and operations clearer and avoid redundancies between the pertinent agencies.
Landscape unit as an element of digital cultural heritage: theory and concepts on the example of Czułów

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The article presents the role of the landscape unit in the context of digital cultural heritage, analysing the theoretical foundations and concepts on the example of Czułów, a village with a traditional agricultural landscape. In an era of rapid socio-economic change, which often leads to the degradation of traditional landscapes, digital technology is becoming a key instrument in the documentation, analysis and protection of cultural heritage. Modern technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS), 3D modelling, photogrammetry and remote sensing enable precise mapping and the reconstruction of historical land use. This enables a more detailed and comprehensive study of landscape structures and their dynamics, supporting conservation measures and sustainable development planning. The study of cultural landscapes, involving the analysis of structure, function and change over time, is crucial to understanding the complex relationship between humans and the environment. In particular, landscape units, such as the agricultural terraces at Czułów, reflect historical forms of land use and ways of adapting to natural conditions, thus being important elements of cultural heritage. Their protection and documentation with new technologies is essential to preserve these unique values for future generations. A multi-criteria approach, which combines different perspectives – geomorphological, use, ecological and cultural – is crucial in landscape analysis as it enables a more comprehensive recognition and understanding of the value of rural space. In this way, a more complete picture of landscape structure and function can be obtained, which is particularly important in terms of protecting agricultural landscapes such as Czułów. The traditional landscape of the village with elements of agricultural terraces and a mosaic of land uses represents not only a natural value but also a cultural one, reflecting the enduring interactions between man and nature. Rural landscapes here are not only a testimony to the historical use of the land, but also a place where the past meets the present, influencing the identity of local communities and shaping their future. Digital technologies allow for the documentation of both material and immaterial aspects of the landscape, fostering a better understanding of past land uses and cultural values that may not be apparent to the naked eye. This approach provides a more accurate assessment of historical and cultural values and leads to the planning of effective conservation strategies. The need to adapt conservation efforts to local environmental and social conditions and the challenges of digital archiving of heritage, such as authenticity and accuracy of historical reconstructions, should also be made clear.
The grape berry methylome reveals tissue-specific features associated with metabolism in ripening

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic regulator in plant development, yet its role in grape berry ripening remains poorly understood. Here, we profiled the genome-wide DNA methylation landscapes of two cultivars, ‘Wink’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, across developmental stages and tissues (skin and pulp tissues), revealing widespread DNA hypermethylation during ripening. We observed a progressive increase in global DNA methylation, particularly in the CHH context, across transposable elements, gene bodies, and adjacent regions during ripening. This hypermethylation was conserved across both varieties and was pronounced in both skin and pulp tissues. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) revealed tissue-specific methylation patterns, with skin and pulp exhibiting distinct hypermethylation dynamics. Further analysis demonstrated that these tissue-specific hypermethylation dynamics are partially attributable to pre-existing methylation differences between skin and pulp at earlier developmental stages. Functional analysis demonstrated that DNA methylation inhibitors (zebularine and RG108) delayed berry ripening in vitro, underscoring the critical role of methylation in this process. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis identified tissue-specific gene expression changes associated with differential methylation, particularly in metabolic pathways such as anthocyanin biosynthesis, fructose metabolism, and glycolysis. Notably, tissue-specific hypermethylation of genes involved in anthocyanin metabolism correlated with their expression patterns, suggesting a regulatory role for DNA methylation in metabolite accumulation during ripening. Collectively, these findings underscore DNA methylation as a critical regulatory layer that orchestrates tissue-specific gene expression with metabolic shifts during grape maturation, thereby advancing our understanding of epigenetic control in fruit development.
Supplementary Figures from Polyol Pathway Links Glucose Metabolism to the Aggressiveness of Cancer Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE 1 Correlation of VIM/CDH1 ratios in different datasets. The list of 35 genes significantly correlated with EMT. Lack of correlation between AKR1B10 mRNA levels and EMT. SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE 2 AKR1B1 levels are modulated by ZEB1, but not in a direct fashion. SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE 3 Characteristics of the NSCLC patients stained with immunohistochemistry and impact on survival. Alterations of AKR1B1 levels influence cancer cells growth and cancer stemness. SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE 4 Impact of SORD knockdown on cancer cells growth and invasion. The combination of the inhibition of polyol pathway gene and cisplatin suppresses in vitro growth. Oxidative consumption rate and ECAR/OCR ratios in polyol pathway-deficient cells. SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE 5 Co-expression patterns of AKR1B1 and SORD in TCGA datasets. SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE 6 Effects of treatment with excess glucose on the generation of polyols, on the alteration of EMT and stemness markers, and on the activation of TGF-Beta signaling and TGF-Beta-related genes.</p>
Environmental management in shipping

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter presents a comprehensive review of findings in the literature on energy-efficient ship operation in the shipping markets. It illustrates an empirical case study on the tanker spot market. The chapter discusses the managerial implications of the findings in the literature. It presents a study on the VLCC spot market and considers the vessel's load factor, defined as the ratio between the reported cargo size and a vessel's DWT. The chapter addresses the question: whether charterers are willing to pay a premium freight rate for more energy-efficient tonnage under a voyage charter. It reviews the theory and practice of environmental management in ship operations. Improving availability of ship position and speed data from the automated identification system for the tracking of vessels has allowed empirical studies to evaluate whether the classical speed-optimization theory can explain observed vessel speeds, both for entire voyages and when vessels are switching between different regulatory regimes.
A mobile-device based serious gaming approach for teaching and learning Java programming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Most first year computer science students would find that learning object-oriented programming is hard. Serious games have ever been used as one approach to handle this problem. But most of them cannot be played with mobile devices. This obviously does not suit the era of mobile computing that intends to allow students to learn programming skills in anytime anywhere. To enhance mobile teaching and learning, a research project started over a year ago and aims to create a mobile device based serious gaming approach along with a serious game for enhancing mobile teaching and learning for Java programming. So far the project has completed a literature review for understanding existing work and identifying problems in this area, conducted a survey for eliciting students' requirements for mobile gaming approach, and then established a mobile-device based serious gaming approach with a developed prototype of the game. This paper introduces the project, presents its details and discusses its current results. It is expected that the presented project will be helpful and useful to bring more efficient approaches with new mobile games into teaching object-oriented programming and to enhance students' learning experiences.
Hyaluronic Acid-Mediated Phenolic Compound Nanodelivery for Cancer Therapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Phenolic compounds are bioactive phytochemicals showing a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. Moreover, they are associated with fewer side effects compared to most currently used antitumor drugs. Combinations of phenolic compounds with commonly used drugs have been largely studied as an approach aimed at enhancing the efficacy of anticancer drugs and reducing their deleterious systemic effects. In addition, some of these compounds are reported to reduce tumor cell drug resistance by modulating different signaling pathways. However, often, their application is limited due to their chemical instability, low water solubility, or scarce bioavailability. Nanoformulations, including polyphenols in combination or not with anticancer drugs, represent a suitable strategy to enhance their stability and bioavailability and, thus, improve their therapeutic activity. In recent years, the development of hyaluronic acid-based systems for specific drug delivery to cancer cells has represented a pursued therapeutic strategy. This is related to the fact that this natural polysaccharide binds to the CD44 receptor that is overexpressed in most solid cancers, thus allowing its efficient internalization in tumor cells. Moreover, it is characterized by high biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. Here, we will focus on and critically analyze the results obtained in recent studies regarding the use of hyaluronic acid for the targeted delivery of bioactive phenolic compounds to cancer cells of different origins, alone or in combination with drugs.
Person-centred care for dementia patients (front-End Android app)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Dementia is an ailment that causes the degeneration of cognitive function. It has become a global health threat as the number of patients has reached about 47 millions all around the world, and is expected to triple by year 2050. Even with the advanced medical care we have nowadays, for dementia there is still has no absolute treatment available. Person-centred care for dementia patients is an approach which slows down the deterioration of the patients’ mental ability through specially designed therapy and activities. Differentiating from the conventional medication approach, patients receive customized care under person-centre care services. To enhance the overall effectiveness of the services and to alleviate the work responsibilities of medical staff, an android application named PEAR was introduced and implemented in the care centre. PEAR is an application that manages the information and records of patients in databases and allows fast and easy retrieval of data. It provides a user-oriented platform for doctors and caregivers to achieve better communications and arrangement of patient’s daily activities. As the application is an on-going project which is based on the previous final year projects, the objectives of the project consist of a combination of new functions, additional security feature, error detection and resolution, as well as the optimization of the performance of the existing PEAR application. Performance of speed is the greatest restraint in the whole application at the current stage. By transitioning from the old architecture model to a well-established, advanced model and adopting Android Lint, allows the boosting in the overall speed of the application. Ultimately, PEAR is developed in the hope of breaking the limits of traditional caregiving services, and to enhance the communications between different users in order to deliver prominent and guaranteed healthcare services to patients in the care centre.