jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Complexities of College for All

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When 89% of high school graduates plan BA degrees, and low-achieving seniors who plan degrees have 80% failure rates, raising already high plans may be a poor strategy for improving college success. Using data on 7th-10th grade students, Domina et al. argue that higher plans are associated with success and suggest that my study of high school seniors is wrong. While their findings may indicate that MA plans are beneficial (although 7th-10th graders who know about MA degrees may be unusual), their research does not speak to my findings about seniors, whose plans are already very high. Contrary to Domina et al., I contend that effort may be reduced by poor articulation and information (not by high plans). I am pessimistic about poor articulation, not a “college for all ethos.” I have shown that many seniors have high plans but poor information, and this leads to predictable failures in college. Further raising those plans may improve 7th-10th grade efforts, but will not improve seniors’ college success.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE CONDITIONS OF DISPERSAL OF HARMFUL EMISSIONS FROM GLASS FURNACES IN CASE USING HEAT-RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to improve the operating modes of chimneys of gas-burning glass melting furnaces by applying the methods of their ecologization in systems for using the waste heat of furnace gases. Known methods of thermal calculation of heat-exchangers and chimneys and methods for dispersing harmful emissions from thermal power plants in the environment were used. For the first time, the effectiveness of the proposed methods of greening to improve the conditions for dispersing harmful emissions from gas-burning glass melting furnaces in the environment under the conditions of using heat-recovery technologies has been studied. The results obtained will be used in the development of energy-efficient gas-burning thermal installations for technological purposes. Computational studies have been carried out to improve the safety of operation of chimneys of regenerative-type glass melting furnaces by using technologies for recovering the waste heat of furnace gases using water and air-heating heat-exchangers and chimneys of various designs. The influence of structural features of chimneys on their operating modes by using heat-recovery technologies with water and air-heating heat-exchangers is studied. It is proposed to increase the environmental efficiency and operational reliability of chimneys by using the thermal method of bypassing a part of waste gases exhausted from regenerators past the heat-recovery equipment in heat-recovery technologies. An analysis of the effectiveness of this method to improve the ground-level concentrations of harmful emissions from furnaces by using the proposed heat-recovery systems was carried out. This method is more efficient for heat-recovery systems with water heat-recovery exchangers, is shown. Thus, with an increase in the share of waste-gas bypass from 0 to 40 %, the values of the coefficient showing the relative change in the maximum surface concentrations of harmful emissions increase to 6.5 % for heat-recovery systems with air-heating heat-exchangers and up to 30% by using water-heating heat-exchangers.
Alkaline Durable Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Graft-Type Fluoropolymer Films for Hydrazine Hydrate Fuel Cell

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) having polyvinylimidazolium grafts were synthesized by radiation-induced graft polymerization of N-vinylimidazole (NVIm) or the coplymerizaiton with styrene onto poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoro-ethylene) (ETFE) film, followed by N-alkylation and ion exchange reactions. The alkaline durability of the membranes was evaluated in 1M KOH at 60 and 80{degree sign}C. The AEM consisting of the homopolymer and copolymer (1:1 molar ratio) grafts (AEM2 and AEM3) with the ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 0.86 and 1.18 mmol g-1 exhibited ionic conductivity of 23 and 63 mS cm-1, respectively. The homopolymer-type AEM2 showed alkaline stability at 60 {degree sign}C for 270 hours, but degraded at 80 {degree sign}C for ca. 150 hours. In contrast, the copolymer-type AEM3 kept its ion conductivity above 10 mS cm-1 in 1M KOH at 80 {degree sign}C for 250 h. The alkylimidazolium group in the copolymer grafts is a promising anion exchange group in AEMs for highly alkaline durable fuel cells.
Representation of feedback operators for hyperbolic partial differential equation control problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we present results on existence and regularity of integral representations of feedback operators arising from hyperbolic PDE control problems. The existence of such representations is important for the design of low order compensators and for the placement of sensors. This paper contains results which apply to problems with spatial domains in N dimensions. Numerical examples are included in which the theory is applied to Euler-Bernoulli beams for cases of Kelvin-Voigt and structural damping.
Litigation claims in Urology in the UK National Health Service: an analysis of the trends, costs and causes over a 16‐year period

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To analyse the litigation trends and the reasons for claims within the specialty of Urology, within the UK National Health Service (NHS), over a 16‐year period. Materials and Methods Data were requested from NHS Resolution under the Freedom of Information Act 2000. This included the total number of claims in Urology, the number of these that were successful (settled or closed), and the costs in damages paid out per financial year between 2006 and 2022. A breakdown of the successful claims by their primary cause was also collected. These were coded into the categories: ‘non‐operative’, ‘intraoperative’, ‘postoperative’, and ‘other’. Results A total of 4124 litigation claims were made between 2006 and 2022 and 60.9% (2511/4124) of these claims were successful. In all, £145 million (British pounds) was paid out in damages. The number of successful claims increased 2.9‐fold from the start to end of this 16‐year period, and the costs in damages paid out increased 10‐fold. Regarding primary causes for the successful claims, failure or delay in treatment (20.9%, 525/2511), failure or delay in diagnosis (14.5%, 364/2511), and intraoperative problems (9.1%, 229/2511) accounted for the highest proportion. Overall, non‐operative causes for successful claims accounted for 73.3% (1840/2511), intraoperative for 20.1% (504/2511), and postoperative for 3.9% (98/2511). Conclusions The number of successful urological litigation claims, and their associated costs is rising. The majority are due to non‐operative causes, which may be partially explained by NHS waiting lists alongside the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.
Immigrant Family Resilience in Context: Using a Community‐Based Approach to Build a New Conceptual Model

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Immigrant families settling in the United States face pressures to acculturate and become self‐sufficient, yet their lives are highly regulated by restrictive and punitive policies and programs that may hinder their ability to cope with exposure to trauma and to build resilience. We theorize that U.S. policies and practices may exacerbate immigration‐related trauma experiences and/or create new traumas and stressors for families. To demonstrate our reasoning, we use exemplar cases from our community‐based participatory research project in partnership with immigrant women. We situate and contextualize the lived experiences and uncertainties of immigrant families and offer a new conceptual model for understanding how macro‐level forces may impede immigrants' resilience. The model includes uncertainty and family separation; ecosystemic trauma and stress, including institutional betrayal trauma; limited navigational capital; and erosion of collectivism and community solidarity. Implications for future research and theory development are discussed.
Analy High School basketball B team of 1950-51-- the team and Analy Tigers vs Tamalpais, January 19th, 1951

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Photo--Black and white: Analy High School basketball B team of 1950-51. Top photo, top row L-R: Yokoyama, Jim Higgins, Jim Lewis, Jim Goodman, Richard Walker, Bob Robertson, LeRoy McDonnell, Bob Jarvis, Ernie Foster, Walt (coach). Front row L-R: Wittermood, Bob Felciano, Ed Ito, Steve Kimura, Ben Gori, Bill Dotti, Vic King, Tom Hora, Bob. Bottom photo Analy Tigers vs Tamalpais January 19th, 1951. Analy 25--Tam 38.
Performance enhancement of a 10-Bit 50-MS/s open loop pipelined ADC using a novel digital calibration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a 10-bit 50-Msample/s pipelined ADC by using dynamic charge injection technique is presented. By the proposed scheme, the input voltage range is increased and power consumption is reduced. For the calibration of the output codes, a new method is presented which uses polynomial inverse function. By the use of the inverse function and simultaneously adjustment of both the weights of stages and coefficients of polynomials, linearity is achieved. The proposed ADC is designed and simulated in a 90-nm CMOS technology. Simulation results show that the ADC achieves a peak signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) of 59 dB, a peak spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 72.5 dB. The ADC's power consumption (without calibration circuitry) is 1 mW (without calibration circuitry).
Expert knowledge for non‐experts: Inherent and contextual risks of misinformation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the most significant aspects of Internet, in comparison with other sources of information, such as libraries, books, journals, television, radio etcetera, is that it makes expert knowledge much more accessible to non‐experts than the other traditional sources. This phenomenon has often been applauded for its democratizing effects. Unfortunately, there is also a disadvantage. Expert information that was originally intended for a specific group of people ‐ and not in any way processed or adapted to make it fit for a broader audience ‐ can easily be misunderstood and misinterpreted by non‐experts and, when used as a basis for decisions, lead to unhappy consequences. Can these risks be diminished without limiting the informational freedoms of the information providers and without imposing paternalistic measures regarding the receivers of the information?
Biological Control of Crown Gall in Grapevine and Raspberry by Two Pseudomonas spp. with a Wide Spectrum of Antagonistic Activity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pseudomonas aureofaciens B-4117 and P. fluorescens CR330D inhibited the growth of a wide range of plant pathogens, including Agrobacterium tumefaciens , when tested on agar media. In a series of nursery-based trials with natural pathogen inoculum, application of either B-4117 or CR330D significantly reduced the incidence and severity of crown gall caused by A. tumefaciens on grapevine and raspberry. The extent of disease control depended upon the variety tested. Both bacteria reduced disease during seedling root production and grafting. The disease incidence on root cuttings of three grapevine varieties was reduced by 56-80% and the disease severity index (DSI) was decreased by 75-86%. Depending on the scion variety, the number of healthy rooted grafts increased by 2-3.5-fold, while the DSI was reduced by 1.5-3-fold. The results suggest that there is potential in using these antagonists to diminish the influence of latent rootstock infection on graft sensitivity to crown gall. Pretreatment of rooted raspberry seedlings with P. aureofaciens B-4117 prevented the development of crown galls caused by A. tumefaciens strain K24 or by a mixture of A. tumefaciens pathogenic strains previously isolated from raspberry. Both Pseudomonas spp. persisted on the root surfaces of inoculated vine cuttings and in non-sterile soil. The advantages of using the antagonistic bacteria as biocontrol agents of crown gall are discussed. Keywords: Crown Gall DiseaseGrapevineRaspberryPseudomonas FluorescensPseudomonas AureofaciensBiocontrol
Inhibition of Ca2+ of carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia).

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effect of Ca2+ ions on carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) (EC 6.3.4.16) of rat liver mitochondria was studied. In lysed mitochondria, carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) was inhibited by Ca2+ ions. In intact rat liver mitochondria, the rate of citrulline production from added ammonia, ornithine, and bicarbonate was inversely correlated with the magnitude of the intramitochondrial concentration of Ca2+. This effect was found at concentrations of Ca2+ which are within the physiological range. The inhibition was reversed by added Mg2+ and was not due to effects of Ca2+ on mitochondrial energy production. It is proposed that the activity of carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) may be modulated in vivo by changes in the concentration of Ca2+ ions in the mitochondrial matrix.
Anatomical Feasibility of Endobentall Strategies for Management of Acute type A Aortic Dissection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: This study assesses the feasibility of acute type A dissections treatment with a dedicated aortic root endograft concept and introduces a new aortic classification. Summary Background Data: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) remains a catastrophic aortic condition with perioperative mortality ranging from 12% and 20%. Total Aortic root endovascular repair, “Endobentall concept”, has been explored as an alternative but only documented on case report. Methods: Imaging study of all consecutive patients treated in three French centers were achieved. The study introduces an adapted aortic classification to report entry tear locations. Measurements included aortic annulus mensuration, coronary height, and several aortic lengths. Two treatment concepts were described “fenestrated Endobentall” and “branched Endobentall”. Patients were eligible to the “fenestrated endobentall” design if their aortic root dimensions fitted the Edwards Sapien® and Corevalve Medtronic® instruction for use. Eligibility for the "branched Endobentall" required meeting the criteria for a "fenestrated Endobentall" and having a left coronary main stem length exceeding 5 mm. “Branched Endobentall” was mandatory when the entry was located in the aortic root. Results: A total of 250 CT scans for acute type A aortic dissection were reviewed, 116 were finally included for analysis. The primary entry tear was found in the aortic root in 9% of patients, and in 31% of cases, it was located within the first centimeter distal to the sinotubular junction (STJ). 63.7% of the patients were eligible for an Endobentall procedure, even 73.3% when considering extended criterion. Fenestrated Endobentall accounted for 2/3 of cases. Conclusion: In our study, 63.7% of patients with aortic type A dissections are deemed eligible to an “Endobentall repair”, increasing to 73.3% when considering extended anatomical criteria.
Screening of Thrombin Inhibitor and its DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity from Wild Insects.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

국내의 자생곤충 76종으로부터 다양한 용매를 이용하여 304종의 추출물을 조제한 후, 이들의 항혈전 활성을 평가하였다. 먼저 트롬빈 저해활성 평가 결과, 방아깨비, 왕잠자리, 비단노린재 및 끝검은메뚜기의 DMSO 추출물 4종, 알락수염노린재, 가시길쭉바구미, 잔날개여치, 털두꺼비하늘소, 송장벌레과 유충 및 등빨간거위벌레의 물 추출물 6종에서 우수한 활성을 확인하였다. 선정된 10종을 대상으로 aPTT 측정결과 비단노린재, 방아깨비 및 잔날개여치 추출물에서 미약한 증가가 나타났으나, 전반적으로 혈전 생성 저해의 유의적인 변화는 인정되지 않아, 이들 추출물들은 트롬빈을 직접 저해하는 것으로 추측되었다. 한편 항트롬빈 활성이 우수한 10종 추출물 중에서 방아깨비, 가시길쭉바구미, 알락수염노린재 및 송장벌레과 유충 추출물에서는 우수한 DPPH 소거능을 나타내어 이들의 약용 곤충자원으로의 개발 가능성을 확인하였다. The in vitro thrombin inhibitory activities of 304 crude extracts from 76 kinds of korean wild insects were evaluated. Measurement of thrombin time showed that the DMSO extracts of Acrida cinerea cinerea (Thunberg), Anax parthenope julius Brauer, Eurydema rugosa Motschulsky, and Stethophyma magister (Rehn) and the water extracts of Dolycoris baccarum Linne, Lixus divaricatus Motschulsky, Metrioptera bonneti, Moechotypa diphysis (Pascoe), Nicrophorus concolor sp., and Tomapoderus ruficollis (Fabricius) had strong thrombin inhibitory activity. No prominent changes of activated partial thromboplastin time by treatment of the selected extracts suggested direct inhibition of thrombin activity by the insect extracts. DPPH scavenging activity of selected extracts showed that the extract of A. cinerea cinerea (Thunberg), D. baccarum Linne, L. divaricatus Motschulsky and N. concolor sp. has good antioxidant activity as well as antithombin activity. Our results suggested that some of korean wild insects could be developed as a natural source of antithrombosis.
Peer-assisted Video-on-Demand with an informed interface of chunk availability

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Video-on-Demand (VoD) is popular on the Internet for offering time-unconstrained viewing experience. In order to reduce their operational costs, VoD service providers call for assistance of the participating peers via employing peer-to-peer technologies. However, perfect viewing experiences perceived on the home DVD players are still hardly (or impractical) implemented on the Internet because of Internet features, provider costs, media characteristics, and viewer behaviors. In this paper, we are motivated to take viewer behaviors into account. Specifically, information of media chunks being available in neighborhood is compactly represented on the interface of viewers' clients. The viewers in turn may bias their future VCR operations towards the currently available chunks for achieving a seldom interrupted media playback. As a side effect, VoD providers are more likely to reduce their operational costs for serving asynchronously arriving viewers.
Solid-State Spectral Transmissometer And Radiometer

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

An in situ instrument designed to measure the spectral attenuation coefficient of seawater and the ocean remote-sensing reflectance from 400 to 750 nm is in the test and development stage. It employs a 256 channel, charge-coupled type of linear array measuring the spectral intensities diffracted by a grating. Examples of the types of data delivered by this instrument have been simulated using a breadboard laboratory instrument and an above-water, solid-state radiometer. Algorithms developed using data from these instruments provide measures of chlorophyll a plus phaeophytin a concentrations from less than 0.1 to 77.0 mg/m3, gelbstoff spectral absorption coefficients, and detrital spectral backscattering coefficients for waters of the west Florida shelf.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and head position during sleep

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To determine whether any particular head positions during sleep are associated with BPPV, head position during sleep was monitored for 3 days in 50 BPPV patients after the disappearance of positional nystagmus and in 25 normal control subjects. A gravity sensor was attached to the center of the subject's forehead at home. The positional angle of the head was measured at 5-second intervals during sleep. In BPPV, the posterior semicircular canal was involved in 40 patients and the lateral semicircular canal in 10 patients. Recurrence was found in 22 of 50 BPPV patients. BPPV patients with recurrence were significantly more likely to sleep in the affected-ear-down 45-degree head position than were patients with no history of recurrence (P< 0.02). When the head is in the affected-ear-down 45-degree head position, the non-ampullated half of the posterior semicircular canal and the non-ampullated half of the lateral semicircular canal are nearly in the earth-vertical position, making it easier for detached otoconia to fall into the posterior or lateral semicircular canal and to agglomerate and attain a certain size in the lowest portion of each semicircular canal. Our findings showed that the affected-ear-down 45-degree head position during sleep could be an etiological factor of BPPV, more particularly in patients with recurrent BPPV.
Iraq after the Muslim Conquest, by Michael G. Morony. (Princeton Studies on the Near East.) ix+689 pages, six illustrations, index. Princeton University Press, Princeton1984. $50.00.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Iraq after the Muslim Conquest, by Michael G. Morony. (Princeton Studies on the Near East.) ix+689 pages, six illustrations, index. Princeton University Press, Princeton1984. $50.00. - Volume 19 Issue 2
Reduction of S-parameter by the Introduction of Nitrogen in GaNAs: Positron Annihilation and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy Study

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the annealing behavior of GaNAs by positron annihilation spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The introduction of nitrogen reduces the S -parameter of the material, which is further lowered by annealing. Moreover, the samples show typical optical characteristics of the GaNAs system. The results suggest that the observed reduction of the S -parameter is not simply due to the reduction of vacancy-type defects, but could be related to the characteristic carrier localization in this material system.
A Simple Algorithm for Calculating Approximately the Reliability of Almost Arbitrary Large Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Complex systems, whose components are subject to failure, are generally modelled by undirected and connected graphs where an edge e connecting two nodes is available only with a certain probability p e < 1. Generally network reliability is measured by the so-called "all-terminal reliability", which is the probability that all nodes of the network are connected with one another. Besides, the so-called K-terminal reliability is used in reliability analysis of systems, where K is a subset of the set of nodes, and the K-terminal reliability is the probability that all the nodes of K are connected with one another. The problem is to determine these reliability measures for a general system, which turns out to be possible only for rather small (w.r.t.the number of nodes and edges) or specially structured (parallel or serial) systems. Thus simple approximations are needed to enable to compute the reliability for general systems.
A big data inspired preprocessing scheme for bandwidth use optimization in smart cities applications using Raspberry Pi

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, such as low-cost embedded single board computers which integrate sensors, communication hardware, and processing power in one unit, has given more traction to the concept of Smart Cities. Having cheaper processing power at their disposal, the sensing units are capable of gathering increasingly larger amounts of raw data locally, which must be processed before being usable. One concern for this scheme is the amount of infrastructure and network bandwidth needed to transfer the data from the acquisition location to a server, which may be miles away, for further processing. The bandwidth available to the sensor network, distributed through the city, is expanding in a lower rate than the size and bandwidth demand of the network it serves. Therefore, transferring the unprocessed data to a central server does not seem feasible unless major compromises are made in terms of data resolution and size. This paper proposes a local big data based preprocessing scheme before the data is transferred to the storage. Using this scheme can free up the network bandwidth, exploit the otherwise wasted local processing power, and release processing load from the central server, allowing it to serve a larger network without the need for more powerful hardware. By making efficient use of network infrastructure the smart city applications are more affordable and scalable.