jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ceramides in the Skin Lipid Membranes: Length Matters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ceramides are essential constituents of the skin barrier that allow humans to live on dry land. Reduced levels of ceramides have been associated with skin diseases, e.g., atopic dermatitis. However, the structural requirements and mechanisms of action of ceramides are not fully understood. Here, we report the effects of ceramide acyl chain length on the permeabilities and biophysics of lipid membranes composed of ceramides (or free sphingosine), fatty acids, cholesterol, and cholesterol sulfate. Short-chain ceramides increased the permeability of the lipid membranes compared to a long-chain ceramide with maxima at 4-6 carbons in the acyl. By a combination of differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Langmuir monolayers, and atomic force microscopy, we found that the reason for this effect in short ceramides was a lower proportion of tight orthorhombic packing and phase separation of continuous short ceramide-enriched domains with shorter lamellar periodicity compared to native long ceramides. Thus, long acyl chains in ceramides are essential for the formation of tightly packed impermeable lipid lamellae. Moreover, the model skin lipid membranes are a valuable tool to study the relationships between the lipid structure and composition, lipid organization, and the membrane permeability.
MARGINS LEADING TO OVER-CAPACITY

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper categorises and describes the design stages, stakeholders and decision processes of an overcapacity boiler upgrade that came about from the excessive use of design margins. Using a hospital case study, the reason behind the overcapacity and excessive margins is explored using semi-structured interviews, document analysis and process modelling. Design margins arise from a lack of systemic thinking during the design and installation phases. It is likely that margins are added as a matter of habit with no real thought to their applicability, calling into question the design process.
A Case Series of Various Swelling of Fingers in Adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients commonly present to their general practitioner with swellings of the hand. These include a variety of diagnoses with certain lesions (for example, ganglion) being more common than others. Some may even be familiar as they are often site-specific. This article aims to provide general practitioners with clear and concise information regarding swellings to be ruled out before suspecting giant cell tumor of tendon sheath. Swellings of the hand are commonly encountered in a general practice with different diagnosis. They may arise from any tissue in the hand including skin, subcutaneous fat, muscle, nerves, vessels, tendon, bone and cartilage. Fortunately, most are benign, asymptomatic and may not require surgical intervention. Ganglions, epidermoid inclusion cysts, giant cell tumours of the tendon sheath, and swellings associated with arthropathy comprise the majority of lesion. This study includes 16 cases which are presented with similar history and presentation of finger swellings as that of giant cell tumor tendon sheath but the final diagnosis has varied.
Reproductive Biotechnology Tools as a Game Changer for the Dairy Sector: The Case of Sexed Semen and Estrus Synchronization to Produce Seedstock Dairy Heifers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Human curiosity about the sexual orientation of living things has a long history. For thousands of years, livestock owners wanted to find a suitable way to predict the sex of the progeny to be born for their herds on their farm. Thanks to the development of semen sexing technology, animal breeding has undergone a revolution, which allows farmers to control the sex of their offspring. Sexed semen enhances overall productivity and also assists farmers in meeting the rising demand for high-quality dairy animals by enabling them to selectively generate seedstock female calves. The technology is a one-stop solution to enhance breed improvement especially in a country like Ethiopia where 97 percent of the cattle population is indigenous, which is not selected for milk production and results in undernourishment for animal source origin diet, including milk and meat. The benefits of using sexed semen include sex selection, improved genetic selection, enhanced breeding effectiveness, better control over herd dynamics, greater financial gains, environmental sustainability, and improved animal welfare. Hence, with the finding of this study, an overall result of a 98% response rate 95% female skewness, and 79% conception rate was recorded after being inseminated with sexed semen. The finding of the response rate is closer to the results reported by another researcher, while the average conception rate is comparatively higher. This could be due to careful animal selection, the use of fertile quality semen, proper heat detection, and inseminating at an optimum window of time. In general, from the piece of this study, it is possible to foresee and conclude that the adoption and application of sexed semen technology is a groundbreaking and game-changer technology for the dairy industry in a country like Ethiopia, which overcomes the limitations of improved crossbred dairy cattle, replacement heifers, and high milk prices on the one hand, a shortage of grazing land, and environmental destruction due to a decreasing number of unwanted cattle population on the other side.
Complete genome sequence of Bacillus subtilis strain MARUCo01 isolated from marine sediments of the Indian Ocean in Bagamoyo, Tanzania

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis has emerged as a species with potential for versatile nonribosomal peptides and polyketides of therapeutic importance, including antibiotics. From our molecular bioprospecting project, we report a full genome of Bacillus subtilis strain MARUCo01 locally isolated from sediments of the Indian Ocean along the coast of Bagamoyo in Tanzania.
Study on Users’ Travel Behavior of Urban Car Sharing System Based on Spatio-temporal Big Data in Chengdu

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Based on the big data of time and space for shared cars in Chengdu, this paper conducts a visual analysis of the travel needs of car sharing users in Chengdu. Clarified the hotspot areas for shared cars in Chengdu. In order to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of car sharing in Chengdu, the average daily travel space distribution of car sharing was visualized. It also counts the number of demand interactions within and between districts on weekdays and weekends. Comparative analysis of the travel characteristics of operators Evcard and Gofun. It provides a direction for further research on the travel timing characteristics of urban car sharing.
Low Levels of Her2/neu Expressed by Ewing's Family Tumor Cell Lines Can Redirect Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: To identify novel treatments for pediatric solid tumors and/or for malignancies with low-level Her2/neu expression. Experimental Design: Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and immunohistochemistry, Her2/neu expression was determined on cell lines derived vfrom Ewing's family tumors (EFT) and neuroblastoma. Sensitivity to trastuzumab treatment was investigated using an in vitro proliferation assay. Cytotoxicity against EFT cell lines was done with either freshly isolated or ex vivo activated and expanded T cells (cytokine-induced killer cells, CIK cells), with or without addition of a CD3xHer2/neu bispecific antibody. The effects of either trastuzumab, CIK cells alone, or CD3xHer2/neu bispecific antibody redirected CIK cells was determined using a SCID/hu model of EFTs and serial, noninvasive bioluminescent imaging. Results: EFT cell lines express 5- to 10-fold lower levels of her2/neu than either breast (BT-474) or ovarian (SK-OV-3) cell lines. Treatment of EFT cell lines with trastuzumab did not induce growth inhibition either in vitro or in vivo. In contrast, Her2/neu could be used to redirect CIK cell to mediate cytotoxicity against EFTs both in vitro and in vivo (using two different treatment schemas). Conclusions: CD3xHer2/neu bispecific antibody and CIK cells may be a suitable approach to treat malignancies with low-level Her2/neu expression not responsive to trastuzumab.
Orthodox and heterodox networks: lollardy, neighbourhood, and topography in early fifteenth-century Bristol1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter employs a formal social network analysis (SNA) to re-examine the historical debate about the presence of lollardy, a popular heretical movement, in the fifteenth-century port town of Bristol, England. Through consideration of orthodox networks found in last wills and testaments, it compares both mainstream and dissenting social networks and considers the impact of the town's topography on association between people. It explores how we can study dissenting communities, for whom we often have less evidence, by using more traditionally mainstream sources, and evaluates the utility of SNA on incomplete datasets. It also uses network analysis to link records from heresy trials to other social networks in the town, considering whether those accused of lollardy in 1414 were valued and integrated members of their parishes, neighbourhoods, and communities. This approach demonstrates that orthodox and heretical people lived and worked alongside each other, calling into question the binary 'yes' or 'no' answers about the presence of lollardy in the town, and demonstrating that those who were considered heretical by the late medieval Church were more embedded into the town's social life than previously thought.
Growth of low-dimensional magnetic nanostructures on an insulator

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Iron nanometer-scaled wires and ultrathin films have been successfully prepared on an insulating NaCl(001) single-crystal surface by electron beam deposition using different growth conditions. In situ noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) shows that the heights and widths of the wires, which are formed by a one-dimensional array of clusters aligned on top of the step edges, are very uniform. The films are atomically flat and are formed due to a high nucleation density achieved through a low temperature growth procedure.
R. F. Foster. On Seamus Heaney

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There are moments when books shine with a distinctive intensity, as their authors seem to work in a new and buoyant element, and their words come with a special fluency and freshness. In R. F. Foster’s sparkling and accessible new biography of Seamus Heaney, one such moment is an eyewitness account of the poet taking his stand in the Sheldonian Theatre during his 1989–1994 tenure as Oxford Professor of Poetry. Foster recalls how Heaney, amid the carvings and gilding, ‘invariably entered on time, approaching the podium at a steady canter, gown billowing, half-moon spectacles perched on his nose, giving half-smiles to right and left, and a full grin when he reached the lectern and turned to face the enormous and anticipatory audience’ (p. 141). The audience-transfixing power of the smiling Nobel laureate is matched by that of Foster. This book is, to borrow from the biographer’s description of Heaney’s essays,...
Detection of cytomegalovirus from clinical specimens in centrifugation culture by in situ DNA hybridization and monoclonal antibody staining

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An in situ DNA hybridization kit for cytomegalovirus (CMV) was evaluated for the detection of CMV in centrifugation culture. Of 61 clinical specimens, 17 (27.8%) were positive for CMV by monoclonal antibody staining following centrifugation. Of the 17 positive specimens, 15 were detected by DNA hybridization (24.5%). However, the earliest that CMV could be detected by DNA hybridization was 58 h as compared with 16 h with monoclonal antibodies following centrifugation. DNA hybridization remains of great interest for the study and detection of CMV infection. However, current DNA hybridization techniques are not sufficiently rapid to replace the use of monoclonal antibodies in centrifugation culture.
Pengabdian Masyarakat Diaplikasikan dalam Yayasan Darul Falah Tulungrejo Pare Kediri

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This service aims to analyze the role of the Darul Falah Al-Qur'an Education Park (TPQ) in Tulungrejo Village, Pare, Kediri in forming the character of students through mentoring, continuous training and advice in forming religious, independent and communicative character in children through learning activities and internalization of Islamic values. TPQ plays an important role through habituation activities to foster positive religious character from an early age based on Islamic teachings. Achieving success in learning depends on the material presented and the methods used in learning. But in this case it is definitely not an easy thing. The problem in this case is the lack of human resources and the lack of consistency when implementing learning methods.
Nonverbal communication during early childhood

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

important area of study for psychologists, educators, sociolinguists, psycholinguists and others interested in the acquisition and development of language in young children. Nonverbal communication plays a major role in the early socialization of young children in their cognitive growth. In addition, certain aspects of nonverbal communication ability constitute the basis for children's acquisition and development of verbal or linguistic behavior (ohnson & Myklebust, 1967; Bates, 1976; Moerk, 1977). By studying nonverbal communication, researchers, teachers and others interested in the development of language will gain a more thorough understanding of children's communicative development. Although there is widespread interest in young children's nonverbal communication, the field of study is in its infancy. Compared with the plethora of literature and research on adult nonverbal communi-
Assessing Pathogenicity and Cultural Characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini Isolates from Major Castor Growing Regions of India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the pathogenicity and cultural characteristics of 20 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini, the causal fungus of wilt disease of castor (Ricinus communis L). Pathogenicity tests on the susceptible cultivar JI-35 revealed that all isolates were pathogenic, with symptoms progressing from yellowing and drooping of leaves to marginal necrosis, wilting and root discoloration. The incubation period varied significantly among the isolates, ranging from 10.0 to 22.5 days, while the per cent disease incidence (PDI) ranged from 51.7% to 100%. Cultural characterization that includes mycelial colour, colony morphology, pigmentation, growth habit and sporulation highlighted significant variability among the isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. ricini. The colour of mycelium among the isolates ranged from white to various shades of pink and yellow, with growth habits observed as fast, moderate, or slow. Sporulation rates varied from very high to sparse among the isolates. The observed diversity in pathogenicity and cultural traits emphasized the presence of genetic variability in F. oxysporum f. sp. ricini isolates. These results are vital for understanding the pathogen virulence and for developing effective management strategies for wilt disease in castor crop.
Psychosocial Outcomes from an Inter-Professional Worksite Weight Loss Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Management of obesity and overweight, with even modest success, can significantly ameliorate their public health burden and health care costs. Many employers recognize that obesity and the associated comorbidities decrease productivity and increase healthcare costs. They are therefore motivated to help their employees with obesity to manage their health both for financial reasons as well as for improving workplace productivity and morale. Worksite interventions have had some success in targeting weight and related comorbidities; however, there are few studies examining the psychosocial effects of inter-professional worksite interventions. Moreover, obesity is both cause and consequence of many psychosocial and behavioral problems, such as poor eating habits, poor sleep quality, depression, and low quality of life (QoL).
Additional file 4: of The Listeria monocytogenes Core-Genome Sequence Typer (LmCGST): a bioinformatic pipeline for molecular characterization with next-generation sequence data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

List of 1013 open-reading frames that comprise the high-confidence core genome with NCBI numbers for Listeria monocytogenes strain 08â 5578. (PDF 403Â kb)
Critique of Justificatory Tendencies in Counter-terrorism Policies: The Case of Iraq

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Situated within the field of critical terrorism studies, this paper explores how counterterrorism narratives legitimise terrorism discourse and counterterrorism measures. It shows how military and security counterterrorism policies have been abused in the wake of 9/11 to the detriment of individual rights and liberties, as well as state stability in the case of Iraq. The paper draws on just war and securitisation theories and adopts a critical analysis methodology to revisit these theories from an empirical perspective, examining the implications of their application to counterterrorism policies, specifically in Iraq. The study concludes that the response to terrorist threats was unjustified and entirely counterproductive, elucidating the magnitude and scope of this disproportionate response and the consequences for individual rights and freedoms.
Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare ICBA11292

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare
Common name(s): Barley
Conserved by: International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), United Arab Emirates
Local sample unique identifier: ICBA11292
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2012-12-17
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Annex 1 crop
Insurance Pricing, Distortions, and Moral Hazard: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Deposit Insurance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Pricing is integral to insurance design, directly influencing firm behavior and moral hazard, though its effects are insufficiently understood. I study a quasi-experiment in which deposit insurance premiums were changed for U.S. banks with unequal timing, generating differentials between banks in both levels and risk-based “steepness” of premiums. I find evidence that differentials in premiums resulted in distortions, including regulatory arbitrage, but also provided strong incentives to curb moral hazard. I find that firms that faced stronger pricing incentives to become (or remain) safer were more likely to subsequently do so than similar firms that faced weaker pricing incentives.
Risk assessment for the delay factors in project management of road construction

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The main purpose of project management of road construction is to make sure the project completed in timely manner. Hence, the project shall be managed properly to avoid any failure / delay in the completion of the project that will cause the project be at risk throughout the construction process. One main reason for the failure and delay is when risk management and assessment are not being carried out efficiently and effectively. The objectives of this research is to identify the significant major delay factors, determine the risk ranking for the significant major delay factors and recommend the risk mitigation measures for the significant major delay factors in project management of road construction to reduce the impact of the risk. For this research, the data collected from five (5) case studies and interview sessions of selected project professionals which directly involved in the project management of road construction projects in Johor Bahru. Based on the findings, the five (5) significant delay factors identified were ineffective planning / scheduling, client work / order changes / scope or design changes, payment delays / financial issues, poor site management and supervision, and unexpected site conditions. Hence, the five (5) risks of the significant delay factors identified were ineffective planning / scheduling, client workflow / change of arrangement / scope or design change, poor management and supervision sites, payment delays / financial issues and errors and discrepancies in the design documents. In addition, five (5) measures to mitigate the impact of risk for significant delay factors are also recommended such as effective planning and site management / supervision, Customers and Contractors involved in stage design, cost control, effective Risk Reduction Plan and management of unexpected site conditions in managing road construction projects in Johor Bahru, Johor.
GIS Based Mapping of Groundwater Fluctuations in Bina Basin

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Groundwater is a precious and most widely distributed distinguished resource of the earth and unlike any other natural resource, it gets annual replenishment from the precipitation. Knowledge of spatial and temporal behavior of groundwater is utmost important for its management. Levels of groundwater are generally gathered at random points. But for groundwater modelling, the measured groundwater levels are often required to be interpolated at the grid nodes. In the present study Kriging technique was used to interpolate the groundwater levels in Bina river sub-basin of Betwa river Basin in drought affected Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh. Spherical Model was found the best fit after drawing a semi-variogram from the output of the spatial correlation operation. Also, the best parameters for nugget, sill and range were obtained from the best fit spherical model. Interpolation of pre and post monsoon groundwater levels was carried out for the year 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010. Finally, the water table fluctuation maps were generated showing the fluctuation in the pre monsoon period between the years, 1995-2000, 1995-2005 and 1995-2010 and the areas under rising/falling trend of groundwater table were delineated. The study shall be useful for planning groundwater development in Bina river basin and to suggest alternate cropping pattern for sustainable water resource development in part of Sagar and Raisen districts. The results reveal that the groundwater table in the central to northwest part of Bina watershed is declining in recent years. The groundwater recharge may be improved by construction of percolation tanks and farm ponds in the lower most corner of thegricultural fields.
[Hemispheric specialization in recognition of alphabetic material].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Choice reaction time with manual response (right and left hand) to alphabetic stimuli (capital letters A-E = positive stimulus, and R-F = negative stimulus) projected at 5 degrees in the nasal and in temporal hemisfield of the right eye (half of the subjects) and of the left eye (the remaining half) was studied in 12 normal subjects (6 males and 6 females). The RT mean values were the result of the mean of the median of each block of trial, repeated in 4 sessions. The percentage of errors was also considered. The mean RT was calculated for each of the possible 4 experimental conditions hand-hemifield, in the males and females separately, and in all the cases. The data obtained, submitted to the statistical analysis, show a significant superiority of the left hemisphere in the recognition of the alphabetic stimuli, both in males and females, despite the prevalence of the right hand.