jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Energy pass bands in a ribbed cylindrical shell with periodic asymmetries

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The addition of periodically spaced structures to a cylindrical shell causes energy to propagate at additional wave numbers via a phenomenon known as Brillouin folding. As a result, a load representing one axial mode on a cylindrical shell with circumferentially spaced discontinuities, for example stringers, has distinct energy pass bands and stop bands. Similarly, an excitation representing one circumferential mode on a cylindrical shell with axially spaced discontinuities, for example ribs, also has distinct energy pass bands and stop bands. Discontinuities in both directions lead to energy pass bands when a point force is applied. In this paper, periodically spaced point masses in the axial and circumferential directions are added to a submerged, ribbed, finite cylindrical shell and analyzed via the finite element method. It is seen that Brillouin folding occurs and, in certain circumstances, the energy is split into pass bands and stop bands. For the frequency and circumferential modes where the subsonic energy is most narrowly focused in the axisymmetric shell, a distinct peak in radiated power occurs for the shell with point masses. The energy in this peak is about the same for several examples of different amounts of nonaxisymmetric mass.
Prediction of protein solubility in E. coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gene synthesis is a key step to convert digitally predicted proteins to functional proteins. However, it is a relatively expensive and labor-intensive process. About 30-50% of the synthesized proteins are not soluble, thereby further reduces the efficacy of gene synthesis as a method for protein function characterization. Solubility prediction from primary protein sequences holds the promise to dramatically reduce the cost of gene synthesis. This work presents a framework that creates models of solubility from sequence information. From the primary protein sequences of the genes to be synthesized, sequence features can be used to build computational models for solubility. This way, biologists can focus the effort on synthesizing genes that are highly likely to generate soluble proteins. We have developed a framework that employs several machine learning algorithms to model protein solubility. The framework is used to predict protein solubility in the Escherichia coli expression system. The analysis is performed on over 1,600 quantified proteins. The approach successfully predicted the solubility with more than 80% accuracy, and enabled in depth analysis of the most important features affecting solubility. The analysis pipeline is general and can be applied to any set of sequence features to predict any binary measure. The framework also provides the biologist with a comprehensive comparison between different learning algorithms, and insightful feature analysis.
Pumping Power Considerations in an Optical Maser

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The theoretical efficiency of various pumping power systems that have been adopted in optical masers is studied. A thermodynamical method is used to calculate the power transferred from the flashtube to the active rod. In this way a general expression is obtained which allows one to calculate the total power and the power per unit area required from the flashtube, for a given power absorption by the active rod. When the active rod, with an index of refraction equal to n, is covered by a cylindrical sheath with the same index of refraction, then: (i) the power per unit area required from the flashtube for a given power absorption of the rod is at best n times lower than in the case of a simple rod; (ii) the total power required from the flashtube is, however, the same in both cases. The rod covered by a sheath is not the most efficient system. The theory, in fact, shows that the most efficient case occurs when the pumping power is allowed to enter the active rod from all possible directions. In this case the power per unit area required from the flashtube is n2 times lower than in the case of a simple rod.
PELAKSANAAN EKSEKUSI OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA BERDASARKAN PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 18/PUU-XVII/2019 DI PT PEGADAIAN KANTOR WILAYAH II KOTA PEKANBARU

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In line with the government's program to encourage lending to small businesses and the weak economic class which is the largest part of the Indonesian people. So it is expected that with credit based on fiduciary system can help both credit recipients and creditors. One of the parameters of a good material debt guarantee is when the right of guarantee can be executed quickly with a simple, efficient process and contains legal certainty. The specific target of this study is to explain the problem solving about the implementation of Fiduciary Guarantee Object Execution Based on the Decision of the Constitutional Court No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019 at PT Pegadaian KantorWilayah II Pekanbaru City.
The Optimal Quantity of Land in Agriculture

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In 1952, when T. W. Schultz declared that land had lost its place as a unique factor of production, he was certainly right about U.S. agriculture. For the almost four decades since Schultz's prophetic analysis, output of U.S. agriculture has increased steadily while the exploited land base has slightly decreased. Land has not proved a constraint to production. Many varieties of technical change have kept the marginal product of land from falling, despite its increasingly intensive use.
HEALTH LAW Technical Standards and Lawsuits Involving Accommodations for Health Professions Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article will discuss the legal obligations of medical schools to accommodate applicants and students with disabilities. The article begins by describing the problem of denial of medical education to such students, a problem that results from both discrimination in admissions and denial of accommodations to incumbent students with disabilities. The article then discusses the disability rights legislation that prohibits discrimination against—and requires reasonable accommodation of— qualified medical students with disabilities. It concludes by reviewing a number of lawsuits involving requests for accommodation and how disability rights law was applied in those cases.
Additional file 1 of Responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference of SGRQ-I and K-BILD in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 1. Results of linear regression comparing SGRQ-I or K-BILD Total scores in groups of different stages of disease from baseline to 12 months. Patients were divided into three equally large groups according to stage of disease by SOBQ, SGRQ, FVC, DLCO and 6MWD. For GRCS, patients were divided into deteriorated, unchanged or improved.
Quality and Postharvest Physiology of Rocket Leaves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rocket is a collective name of three main vegetable species [Eruca sativa Mill., Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC and Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC] used for human consumption, in several countries of the Mediterranean region. It is a popular leafy vegetable consumed in raw salads, either alone or in a mixture with other vegetables; it is usually marketed as leaf bunches or as fresh-cut individual leaves in modified atmosphere packages. Color is the most important quality characteristic of the rocket leaves and any change of the normal green color could be a limiting factor for their marketability. The major postharvest problem of this vegetable is its rapid senescence, which is expressed primarily as yellowing, associated with chlorophyll degradation, but wilting is also a serious problem. The high perishability of rocket is a consequence of its extremely high respiration rate. Since it is a minor vegetable, very few research data are available about its postharvest features or regarding the best methods of handling, transporting and storage. A temperature of 0°C and a close to 100% relative humidity are effective storage tools, but currently the application of the above conditions is limited, since rocket usually is shipped and stored at 10°C without maintaining relative humidity at the optimum levels. Modified atmosphere packaging could be a promising postharvest handling alternative, but more research is required to answer basic questions for the postharvest physiology of this vegetable, including the further investigation of the role of ethylene. This review compiles the existed knowledge regarding the effect of the commonly applied postharvest handling procedures of rocket leaves on its quality and postharvest physiology and additionally it proposes areas requiring further study.
Compliance with the principles of mediated relations in the teacher-parent dyad

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Соблюдение принципов медиативных отношений между субъектами образовательного процесса А. Ю. Буткевич 1 1 Центр психолого-педагогической, медицинской и социальной помощи Выборгского района г.Санкт-Петербурга.194017, Россия, г.Санкт-Петербург, Костромской пр
First record of the genus Doryphoribius PILATO, 1969 from Costa Rica (Central America) and description of a new species Doryphoribius quadrituberculatus (Tardigrada : Hypsibiidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new eutardigrade, Doryphoribius quadrituberculatus is described from a moss sample collected in Costa Rica. The new species is similar to D. flavus (IHAROS, 1966) and D. maranguensis BINDA & PILATO, 1995 but differs from the former by the presence of 4 gibbosities on caudal end of the body and the presence of oral cavity armature, and from the latter by a more complicated oral cavity armature, and the presence of a distinct reticular design on dorsal and lateral sides of the body instead of irregular tubercles
Cerebral vascular permeability and cellular infiltration in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cerebral vascular permeability was measured in guinea-pigs developing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). A sensitive double radio-isotope method was used which allowed the permeability changes to be measured independently of alterations in cerebral blood volume. The onset of the disease was accompanied by a striking increase in vascular permeability, but there was no evidence that this change preceded the entry of inflammatory cells into the brain and cord. Injection of serum from rabbits with EAE into normal guinea-pigs had no measurable effect on the cerebral vessels. These findings are consistent with the view that EAE is a cell-mediated lesion and provide no support for the suggestion that the initial damage is due to circulating antibody.
The Contribution of Simone Weil to the Enrichment of the Ethics of Care

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This theoretical paper aims at providing a contribution to the Care Approach of organizations by proposing a discussion that is based on the philosophy of Simone Weil (1909–1943). More precisely, we discuss the contribution of two specific aspects of the Philosophy of Simone Weil ("thinking one's own work" and "Spirituality") to the Ethics of Care. We argue that, despite many aspects that oppose both philosophies, Weil enriches the notion of dialogue and the object of the dialogue.
FIGURE 11 in A new species of Cyclopoliarus (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) from American oil palms (Elaeis oleifera) in Caño Negro, Costa Rica

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURE 11. Cyclopoliarus omani (Metcalf, 1938), paratypes (UNSM), A) male terminalia in situ, caudoventral view, B) male terminalia, caudoventral view, C) male terminalia, right lateral view, D) male terminalia, dorsal view, E) aedeagus and phallobase, ventral view, F) aedeagus and phallobase, dorsal view, G) aedeagus and phallobase, left lateral view, H) aedeagus and phallobase, right lateral view.
Metallization of solid molecular hydrogen in two dimensions: Mott-Hubbard-type transition

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We analyze the pressure-induced metal-insulator transition in a\ntwo-dimensional vertical stack of $H_2$ molecules in x-y plane, and show that\nit represents a striking example of the Mott-Hubbard-type transition. Our\ncombined exact diagonalization approach, formulated and solved in the second\nquantization formalism, includes also simultaneous ab initio readjustment of\nthe single-particle wave functions, contained in the model microscopic\nparameters. The system is studied as a function of applied side force\n(generalized pressure), both in the $H_2$-molecular and $H$-quasiatomic states.\nExtended Hubbard model is taken at the start, together with longer-range\nelectron-electron interactions incorporated into the scheme. The stacked\nmolecular plane transforms discontinuously into a (quasi)atomic state under the\napplied force via a two-step transition: the first between molecular insulating\nphases and the second from the molecular to the quasiatomic metallic phase. No\nquasiatomic insulating phase occurs. All the transitions are accompanied by an\nabrupt changes of the bond length and the intermolecular distance (lattice\nparameter), as well as by discontinuous changes of the principal electronic\nproperties, which are characteristic of the Mott-Hubbard transition here\nassociated with the jumps of the predetermined equilibrium lattice parameter\nand the effective bond length. The phase transition can be interpreted in terms\nof the solid hydrogen metallization under pressure exerted by e.g., the\nsubstrate covered with a monomolecular $H_2$ film of the vertically stacked\nmolecules. Both the Mott and Hubbard criteria at the insulator to metal\ntransition are discussed.\n
Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) of esophageal and tubular GI tumors to identify frequencies of ErbB family member amplification with therapeutic implications.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

8 Background: As described in the MyPathway study, amplification and other mutations in ErbB-family proteins are actionable events across solid tumors. Targeting ERBB2 amplifications (amp) in tubular GI cancers (TGC) improves patient outcomes. ErbB family comparisons across anatomic sites is lacking and here we describe the largest known series in TGC. Methods: DNA was extracted from 12,685 FFPE clinical TGC specimens, including 1,720 esophageal CA*. CGP was performed on hybrid-capture, adaptor ligation based libraries to a mean coverage depth of 720X for up to 315 genes plus 47 introns from 19 genes frequently rearranged in cancer. Results: Across all TGC cases, amp was the most frequent genomic alteration among ErbB members at 8.7%. ERBB2 amp was 2.3x as common as EGFR amp across TGC. Across TGC sites, EGFR amp was most frequent in esophageal SCC (13.7%) and ERBB2 amp was most common in gastroesophageal junction adenoCA (21%) compared with overall frequencies of 2.7% and 5.5% respectively. ERBB3 and ERBB4 amp were rare, and most common in gastroesophageal adenoCA relative to other TGC. Clinical support with outcomes for patients treated with anti-ErbB targeted therapy across TGC will be presented, including profiling from cases of acquired resistance to anti-ErbB targeted therapy. Conclusions: Among TGC, esophageal CA harbored the most ErbB family member amp with variation by histology. Profiling across ErbB proteins in TGC suggests biologic differences and may affect response to treatment. CGP can expand the population who may benefit from anti-ErbB directed therapies and refine treatment choices. Further research is warranted. [Table: see text]
Skew-Normality in Stochastic Frontier Analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A problem of interest to econometricians is the specification and estimation of a frontier production function. The original formulation of the stochastic frontier model is due to Aigner, Lovell, and Schmidt (1977) and Meeusen and Van den Broeck (1977):Y = f (x;β) + ε, (13.1)where the error term ε = V − U , is composed by a symmetric component, V , representing measurement error, and by the non-negative technical inefficiency component U . The stochastic frontier f (x;β) + V allows for firms with same inputs, x, to have different frontiers due to unobservable shocks; indeed, (13.1) models the inefficiency of a company to attain its production frontier; see Parsons (2002) for a treatment of stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) in marketing science.
Platelet-activating factor increases platelet-dependent glycoconjugate secretion from tracheal submucosal gland

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Using isolated glands from feline trachea, we examined the effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on radiolabeled glycoconjugate release and glandular contraction by measuring induced tension in the absence or presence of platelets. PAF alone did not produce any significant glandular contraction nor any significant change in glycoconjugate release from isolated glands. In the presence of purified platelets containing no plasma, PAF (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) produced significant glycoconjugate secretion in a dose-dependent fashion, but it produced no significant glandular contraction. PAF-evoked glycoconjugate secretion was time dependent, reaching a peak response of 277% of control 15-30 min after the exposure of isolated glands to 10(-5) M PAF in the presence of platelets and returning to 135% of controls at 2 h. Platelets alone did not produce any significant stimulation in glycoconjugate release. CV-3988, a known PAF antagonist, inhibited the secretory response to PAF. Methysergide, a known antagonist to receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine, did not alter PAF-evoked glycoconjugate secretion. Both indomethacin and SQ 29,548, a thromboxane receptor antagonist, abolished the PAF-evoked glycoconjugate secretion from isolated submucosal glands. Epithiomethanothromboxane A2, a stable thromboxane A2 analogue, produced a significant increase in glycoconjugate secretion in a dose-dependent fashion. These findings indicate that PAF increases glycoconjugate release in the presence of platelets and that the increase is dependent on some aspect of platelet function, namely thromboxane generation.
A Novel Way of Issuing Multiple Private Keys in ID-based Cryptosystems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a new efficient model for issuing multiple private keys in IBC (identity-based cryptosystem). In our model, the private key of a user is divided into two components: LTK (long-term key) and STK (short-term key). Both are issued separately by different parties. The LTK is issued in a threshold manner by KPAs (key privacy agency). In contrast, the STK is issued by a single authority called KGC (key generation center). A user can efficiently obtain a new private key containing the same identity information by contacting only the KGC and obtaining a new STK. We also give a security proof of the key issuing model and present a new IBE (identity-based encryption) scheme based on our key issuing model.
Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Alpha-Monolaurin on the Growth Performance, Lipid Peroxidation, and Immunity Response in Broilers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

As the world population increases, there will be an increase in demand for poultry meat. To satisfy this requirement, sustainably will be a significant challenge as different countries in the world face different health problems. Additionally, for decades, poultry nutritionists have worked on sustainability in broiler manufacturing plants. The usage of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which have positive effects as growth promoters and immunostimulants, is a pioneering way to decrease the cost of diets and improve environmentally friendly and sustainable production in this critical era. This study aimed at evaluating the influences of alpha-monoglyceride (alpha-monolaurin) on the growth performance, biochemical parameters, lipid profiles, liver oxidative stress, and immune response in broilers. Alpha-monolaurin was included at the levels of 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg in broiler diets. After 33 days, dietary supplementation of alpha-monolaurin showed no impact on the feed intake; however, broilers fed 0.5 g/kg feed displayed a significantly reduced food conversion ratio, as compared to the control (p ≤ 0.05). However, body weight and body weight gain tended to increase after 0.25 g/kg alpha-monolaurin supplementation, as compared to other groups. The highest European production efficiency factor (EPEF) was obtained with 0.25 g/kg alpha-monolaurin supplementation. The ether extract utilization and spleen weight were improved substantially (p ≤ 0.05) by alpha-monolaurin supplementation, but muscle and other organ weights were not affected. Plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) was decreased significantly by alpha-monolaurin supplementation, while plasma total protein and albumin were enhanced (p ≤ 0.05). Interestingly, broilers fed alpha-monolaurin displayed an increased antibody titer of the Newcastle disease (ND) virus and muscle unsaturated fatty acid content, and a decreased liver content of malondialdehyde (MDA). It could be assumed that dietary supplementation of alpha-monolaurin positively impacts birds’ feed efficiency and immune response and can be applied as a natural immune enhancer in the broiler industry.
Numerical Simulations of Fan/Airframe Interaction with Active Flow-Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a numerical study of a Ultra High Bypass Ratio turbofan (UHBR) with and without active flow control in isolated conditions.Steady and unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved on a 360 • representation of the isolated engine, where the rotating fan and the outlet guide vane (OGV) are fully modelled to analyse the interaction with the airframe.Spatial and temporal resolution are discussed, and different approaches are proposed providing increasing levels of fidelity.The configuration is first investigated without control for various angles of attack at low-speed conditions.Then, the angle of attack is increased until massive flow detachment is observed, and active flow-control technique is proposed to mitigate the impact of the separated zone using flow-suction upstream of the fan.A parametric study is proposed using steadystate simulations, aiming at evaluating the most efficient configuration that allows a gain in the overall performance of the engine while limiting the costs induced by the control device.This work has been conducted in the framework of the European funded Clean Sky 2 project ASPIRE, aiming at demonstrating the ability of existing numerical and experimental methods to accurately assess the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of UHBR engines thanks to a reliable modelling of fan/airframe physical interactions.
Full solution of the factoriality question for $q$-Araki-Woods von Neumann algebras via conjugate variables

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We establish factoriality of $q$-Araki-Woods von Neumann algebras (with the number of generators at least two) in full generality, exploiting the approach via conjugate variables developed recently in the tracial case by Akihiro Miyagawa and Roland Speicher, and abstract results of Brent Nelson. We also establish non-injectivity and determine the type of the factors in question. The factors are solid and full when the number of generators is finite.