jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Studies in pancreatic fibrosis; a simple diagnostic gelatin film test for stool trypsin.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A simple new test is described which estimates roughly the proteolytic activity of stools by determining their ability to liquefy gelatin. Fecal suspensions are placed upon gelatin film (unexposed and unfixed) and the extent of removal of the gelatin film noted. Two groups of patients were studied: (a) 500 normal and sick individuals, and (b) 50 patients with pancreatic fibrosis. In group (a), less than 5% of the infant group lacked this proteolytic power. As one advanced into the older age groups, this percentage increased. The administration of a laxative to some older children with absent tryptic activity resulted in stools possessing tryptic activity. A total of 220 separate stool specimens were examined from patients in group (b). In 209 specimens, there was no tryptic activity. The remaining 11 specimens from seven patients showed definite tryptic activity. Three patients in this group had minimal tryptic activity in the duodenal fluid. When oral pancreatin was given to patients with pancreatic fibrosis, the stools became positive for trypsin. When laxatives were given to a few patients with pancreatic fibrosis, the stool trypsin test remained negative. The duodenal fluid was assayed in a number of infants with acute and chronic nutritional disturbances, and, when tryptic activity was demonstrated in the duodenal fluid, the stools showed the presence of trypsin. The possibilities of bacterial or food origin of fecal tryptic activity have been considered and largely eliminated. Three separate stool examinations by this test in infants are proposed as sufficient either to eliminate or to make probable the diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency. Conclusions and interpretations based on a single examination is hazardous. At least three menspecimens should be studied and whenever doubt arises duodenal intubation is indicated.
Age-related reduction in anxiety and neural encoding of negative emotional memory

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Older people experience less anxiety. We examined how memory of negative emotional images varied with age and may reflect age-related differences in anxiety. Fifty-one adults, age 22-80 years, underwent imaging with a memory task where negative and neutral images were displayed pseudo-randomly. They were queried post-scan about the images inter-mixed with an equal number of images never displayed. Sensitivity (d’) and reporting bias (Z-score of false alarm rate; Z[FAR]) were quantified with signal detection theory. Age was negatively correlated with both Spielberg State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) state score and d’ (negative – neutral) and positively with Z[FAR] (negative – neutral). However, STAI score and d’ or Z[FAR] (negative – neutral) were not significantly correlated. In whole-brain regression, STAI score was correlated with higher activity of the right middle/superior temporal gyri/temporal parietal junction (MTG/STG/TPJ) for “negative correct – incorrect” – “neutral correct – incorrect” trials. Further, the MTG/STG/TPJ activity (β) was also negatively correlated with age. Mediation analyses supported a complete mediation model of age less anxiety less MTG/STG/TPJ β. Together, the findings demonstrated age-related changes in negative emotional memory and how age-related reduction in anxiety is reflected in diminished temporoparietal cortical activities during encoding of negative emotional memory.
Ursachen der selektiven Wirkung der Photosynthesehemmer Phenmedipham und Bentazon/ Causes of the Selective Action of the Photosynthetic Inhibitors Phenmedipham and Bentazon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The different sensitivity of broad-leave weeds against the photosynthetic inhibitors phenmedipham and bentazon could be explained by the combined action of herbicide uptake and decomposition. In spite of fast uptake of phenmedipham by Beta vulgaris, this plant was not injured, because the herbicide was metabolized very rapidly. The transformation of phenmedipham by Galium aparine, Matricaria chamomilla, Centaurea cyanus, Stellaria media and Amaranthus retroflexus was reduced compared to Beta vulgaris. These plants survived, with the exception of Amaranthus, first of all because of a reduced uptake of the herbicide. The other weeds investigated (Galinsoga ciliala, G. parviflora, Sinapis alba, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Sinapis arvensis, Senecio vulgaris) were extremely sensitive against phenmedipham because they could not protect themselves neither by a reduced uptake nor an increased metabolism. The grass weeds Alopecurus myosuroides and Avena fatua are resistant against the herbicide because of the protected growing point and the missing basipetal translocation of the compound. Also the susceptibility of rice, soybeans, wheat and some weeds to bentazon is the result of penetration and metabolism of the herbicide in plants. Susceptible plants (Chrysanthemum segetum, Matricaria chamomilla, Xanlhium pensilvanicum) are nearly unable to detoxify bentazon. whereas in resistant plants (rice, soybeans, wheat) a substantial amount of absorbed bentazon was converted to different metabolites. Only Echinochloa crus-galli, which is more resistant, and Galium aparine, which is more susceptible, when they adsorbed the same quantity of bentazon, deviate from this general pattern.
THE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CONGENITAL VERTICAL TALUS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. Congenital vertical talus is described and the criteria for diagnosis are emphasised. The need for its distinction from other forms of convex pes valgus is stressed. 2. The operative technique of Stone for Lloyd-Roberts (1963) is detailed and the results of seven such operations are examined. 3. Departure from the technique in any respect has resulted in an unsatisfactory outcome, whereas stringent observation of the operative details has resulted in uniformly good results in four patients. 4. Certain aspects of diagnosis, differential diagnosis, etiology, pathology and surgical management are discussed, together with a review of some of the relevant literature.
Current management of cancer of the lip.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Carcinoma of the lip is the most common cancer of the oral cavity, occurring most frequently on the lower lip of elderly males. Less advanced neoplasms may be treated equally successfully by surgery or irradiation, and results are cosmetically acceptable by both methods. Reconstruction of the lip following surgical ablation of tumor usually consists of primary repair. Larger defects require flaps from the opposite lip, adjacent cheek, or more distant tissue. Although prophylactic neck dissection is usually not indicated, the presence of neck metastases from carcinoma of the lip is best managed by neck dissection followed by postoperative radiotherapy. The prognosis for curing lip cancer is dependent upon the size of the primary tumor and whether cervical metastasis has occurred. The overall five-year cure rate of lip cancer approximates 80%. The cure rate of patients with neck metastases is approximately 50%.
DETERMINATION OF FEED QUALITY PARAMETERS OF LEAVES AND STEMS OF DIFFERENT ALFALFA GENOTYPES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research was carried out to determine feed quality parameters of leaves and stems of different alfalfa genotypes. A total of 12 alfalfa genotypes was used as the plant material for the study. Alfalfa plants were harvested at the flowering stage. The plants were dried at 70°C and grinded in a hand-mill with 1 mm sieve for chemical analysis. In leaf, the acid detergent fiber (ADF) content of genotypes varied between 21.62 - 27.40%, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content between 33.98 - 39.95%, and crude protein content between 24.68 - 28.45%, whereas in stem ADF content of genotypes varied between 50.99 - 57.72%, NDF content between 66.96 - 76.79 %, crude protein content between 8.46 - 11.00%. The RFV ranged from 159.18 to 197.27% and 53.22 to 67.06% for leaf and stem respectively. The leaf to stem ratio of genotypes ranged from 0.72 to 1.60. Considering current results from different genotypes, genotype has a high effect on feed quality. In addition, the rate of leaf to stems is also effective on feed quality. While the protein ratio of the leaves was higher than the stems, the ADF and NDF contents were found to be lower than the stems. So, in the selection of alfalfa genotypes, attention should be paid to the leaf to stem ratio as well as the yield.
Synthesis of glucooligosaccharides with prebiotic potential by glucansucrase URE 13–300 acceptor reactions with maltose, raffinose and lactose

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract In the present work, we report an efficient synthesis of glucooligosaccharides (GOSs) with prebiotic potential by novel glucansucrase URE 13–300 from Leuconostoc mesenteroides URE 13 strain. The highest total yield of GOSs with degree of polymerization (DP) from 3 to 6 was obtained with maltose as an acceptor and maltose/sucrose (M/S) ratio 1–136 g/L. An efficient modulation of GOSs composition is achieved by varying the M/S ratio. At M/S = 1, 2, 4 and 7 the content of DP3 products gradually increase from 54.50 to 91.70%. When the M/S ratio was decreased the synthesis of DP>3 GOSs is predominant and reaches 75.60% (M/S = 0.25). In addition, the maltose derived GOSs with DP>3, as well as raffinose and lactose glucosylation products have a branched structure which is prerequisite for increased prebiotic potential. The synthesized GOSs were efficiently metabolized by probiotic strains of Lb. plantarum S26, Lb. brevis S27 and Lb. sakei S16, and the calculated values of specific growth rate (μ) were nearly identical to this on glucose media, when maltose derived GOSs were used as a carbohydrate source. Strain specific features were observed in the utilization of the synthesized GOSs, as well as in the production of lactic acid and acetic acid.
Violence and Sex Exhibited by Human and Non-Human Characters in Family Movies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We examined the level of violence and sex in movies targeted toward children, specifically focusing on animated films produced by Pixar and Dreamworks. We also explored whether there was a difference in violence and sexual activity between human cartoon (e.g., Aladdin) and non-human cartoon characters (e.g., Shrek). We selected G or PG movies considered “Top Grossing Family Films” in the IMDB database. We coded each minute of movie time by recording the number of verbal and physical sexual acts, and the number of verbal and physical violent acts, as well as the type of character exhibiting and receiving the act. (An example of a verbal sexual act would be catcalling, while an example of a physical sexual act would be passionate kissing.) Two raters evaluated the movies to provide inter-rater reliability. We found that male characters were more violent than were female characters. We also found that sexual acts were committed equally by male and female characters. These outcomes are noteworthy because we focused our study on movies targeted toward children and families. Children may be receiving a message about gender-specific behavior, related to both violence and sexuality, without even realizing it. We did not find differences between our human and non-human characters, suggesting that levels of violence and sex are being presented at similar levels regardless of the type of movie character. These findings add to what we know about characteristics of movies likely to be viewed by youth and may be of particular interest to parents.
Sanctioning fluid identities for the reinforcement of heteronormativity.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study would investigate the impact on heteronormative norms on the male and female body in queer films in New Queer Cinema. It will follow Judith Butler’s approach on Gender and Performance, investigating how gender and culture is constructed. This is exceptionally significant because of the definition and nature of New Queer Cinema and how these queer films appear to adhere to the definitions as accrued to its label. This study takes into account on the overarching norms that govern and regulate the respective communities. Also, it would take into consideration the different norms that operate and subjugate male and female bodies differently, as a set of norms belonging to a community cannot be linearly enforced on all male and female bodies. Furthermore, it is observed that different Gazes (for instance the male and ‘lesbian’ gaze) work towards affecting gender performativity. The methodology used for this study is deconstruction, to uncover the queer contradictions present in the films. For the most part, these films exemplify the very essence of queer, by appearing to defy normativity but end up being as heterosexual and normative as any other mainstream films.
A study of how political candidates use persuasive messages on Twitter, specifically toward women voters

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This purpose of this qualitative research is to analyze how political candidates use persuasive messages on Twitter, specifically toward women voters. The use of Twitter by political candidates has become extremely more prevalent since its inception in 2006. Using a rhetorical analysis of 600 tweets between six candidates for the U.S. Senate race in 2018, this study was able to determine how political candidates are using Twitter to convey messages to voters. Once the messages were coded and analyzed, the researcher discovered three main themes: ethos, acclaim, and leadership qualities. The majority of the tweets posted by the six candidates were designed to persuade the voter that the candidate was more favorable than others, more appealing, and typically more credible or created a sense of confidence in voting for this candidate. One of most surprising results of the study was the lack of women-specific messaging. While women make up the largest demographic of undecided voters, the percentage of tweets geared toward women-only was only three percent. Future studies could use this research to determine if the messaging strategies used for Twitter during the election also resulted in winning the Senate seat.
Barriers and opportunities for workplace violence interventions in Australian paramedicine: A qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

© 2020, Paramedics Australasia. All rights reserved. Introduction Workplace violence directed at paramedics by patients and bystanders is a persistent and pervasive issue. There is little available evidence supporting the effectiveness of current interventions in the paramedicine context. No studies have reported on potential barriers and there is little evidence supporting opportunities for more effective interventions. The objective of this study was to make an inventory of current workplace interventions and explore the barriers and opportunities for these interventions as perceived by paramedics. Methods Ten paramedics were interviewed about their experiences and insights into workplace violence. The interview data underwent thematic and narrative analysis. Results Seven interventions were highlighted, 10 barriers and 12 opportunities for current and future workplace violence interventions were discussed. The majority of the barriers related to culture in society, attitudes of staff, and lack of capacity for the ambulance service to take action following violent events. The opportunities raised included co-design of interventions, culture change for paramedics and communities, accountability for paramedics and perpetrators of violence, increased ambulance service options following violent events, and improving feedback to staff. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that interventions are likely to be more effective and sustainable if they are evidence-based, codesigned, address all levels of healthcare, and evaluated. Important areas for future research include a focus on consequences and accountability for perpetrators and strategies for ambulance services and paramedics to participate in public health approaches to reducing violence in communities.
Effect of Health Education Video on Knowledge about among Women in Childbearing Age

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Toddlers aged 24-59 months are experiencing a very rapid growth process; however, they are also prone to have nutritional problems, including stunting. Stunting occurs mainly within the first 2 to 5 years of life. The main cause is a lack of knowledge on toddler’s nutritional intake among women of childbearing age. This study aimed to explore the effect of health education using video media on the knowledge about stunting among women of childbearing age.Methods: This was a quantitative, experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design conducted in July-November 2019 on women of childbearing age in the working area of Public Health Center (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat, Puskesmas) Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia. Respondents were recruited using the Multistage Random Sampling according to the inclusion criteria. A pre-test was administered before the health education session on stunting and a post-test was administered afterwards. Data collected were then analyzed using the Wilcoxon Test.Results: In total, 211 women were included. Education video on stunting was proved to significantly increase the respondent's knowledge on stunting (p=0.000, r value=0.690).Conclusion: Health education video clearly increases knowledge on stunting among women of childbearing age. Thus, video medium can be used as a preferred method for disseminating knowledge on various health topics.
Effect of hypothermia on delayed neuronal death in hippocampal CA1 sector and ATP and cytochrome oxidase activity during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in gerbils

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To explore the mechanism of hypothermia reducing delayed neuronal death(DND) and the effect of hypothermia on ATP and cytochrome oxidase(CCO) activity during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.Methods Forebrain ischemia/reperfusion model in gerbils was established by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries for 10 min.Gerbils were randomly divided into sham group,normothermia group and hypothermia group.These 3 groups were further divided into 3 subgroups according to the reperfusion time(6 h,48 h,and 96 h).The brain temperature in all gerbils during cerebral ischemia was kept at(38.0±0.2) ℃.Within 6 h of reperfusion,the brain temperature was kept at(38.0±0.2) ℃ in normothermia group and at(30.0±0.2) ℃ in hypothermia group,respectively.The number of surviving neurons in hippocampal CA1 sector was observed under light microscope.ATP,ADP and AMP were determined by high liquid chromatography.CCO activity was determined by enzyme histiochemical staining and computer image system.Results The number of surviving neurons in hippocampal CA1 sector in hypothermia group was much higher than that in normothermia group after reperfusion of 96 h(P0.01).The level of ATP and adenine nucleotide pool in hippocampus in hypothermia group were much higher than that in normothermia group after reperfusion of 48 h and 96 h(P0.05).CCO activity in hypothermia group was much higher than that in normothermia group at all reperfusion time(P0.01).Conclusions Hypothermia attenuates the failure of energy metabolism by protecting CCO activity during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.As a result,DND can be reduced.
Neural network predictions for Z' boson within LEP2 data set of Bhabha process

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The neural network approach is applied to search for the Z'-boson within the LEP2 data set for e+ e- -> e+ e- scattering process. In the course of the analysis, the data set is reduced by 20 percent. The axial-vector and vector couplings of the Z' are estimated at 95 percent CL within a two-parameter fit. The mass is determined to be 0.53-1.05 TeV. Comparisons with other results are given.
Origin of accretionary lapilli from the Pompeii and Avellino deposits of Vesuvius

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Accretionary lapilli from the Pompeii and Avellino Plinian ash deposits of Vesuvius consist of centimeter-sized spheroids composed of glass, crystal, and lithic fragments of submillimeter size. The typical structure of the lapilli consists of a central massive core surrounded by concentric layers of fine ash with concentrations of larger clasts and vesicles and a thin outer layer of dust. Clasts within the lapilli larger than 125 ..mu..m are extremely rare. The median grain-size of the fine ash is about 50 ..mu..m and the size-distribution is well sorted. Most constituent particles of accretionary lapilli display blocky shapes characteristic of grains produced by phreatomagmatic hydroexplosions. We have used the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in conjunction with energy dispersive spectral analysis (EDS) to investigate the textural and chemical variation along traverses from the core to the rim of lapilli from Vesuvius.
Decision theory in structural reliability

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Some fundamentals of reliability analysis as applicable to aerospace structures are reviewed, and the concept of a test option is introduced. A decision methodology, based on statistical decision theory, is developed for determining the most cost-effective design factor and method of testing for a given structural assembly. The method is applied to several Saturn V and Space Shuttle structural assemblies as examples. It is observed that the cost and weight features of the design have a significant effect on the optimum decision.
Blended Öğrenme Ortamının Öğrenci Akademik Başarı ve Tutumlarına Etkisi

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The current research aims to determine the effects of blended learning environment on students&#039; academic achievement and attitudes. Mixed-method research was employed in this research. The study group was 32 student from the 5th graders. In this study, for the collection of quantitative data, achievement test and attitude scale were used. Semi-structured interview form was used for qualitative data collection. On one factor, for repeated measure, two factor ANOVA is used in the analysis of quantitative data. Descriptive analysis method was used for qualitative data. According to the findings of the study, the experimental group students to whom blended learning method was applied were more successful in science and technology course then the students in control group who were trained in accordance with the traditional learning method. Considering the interviews with the students, they stated that they learned better with blended learning and understood well. It was observed that there was a positive increase of the experimental group students’ attitudes about blended learning towards to science and technology course compared to the control group students’. These results of the research have been interpreted as blended learning method was a positive factor on student’s academic achievement and their attitudes towards to course