jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Green Tea Extract on Submandibular Salivary Gland of Methotrexate Treated Albino Rats: Immunohistochemical Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and objectives: Methotrexate (MTX) had been used for many years and complications usually encountered during treatment especially in cancer patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the preventive and early-stage anti cytotoxic effects of green tea on the histology of the submandibular gland of rats treated by high single dose of methotrexate.
Materials and methods: The study included 36 Albino rats. Twelve animals were used in the pilot study to find the maximum toxic dose, and the other twenty four were divided into four groups, vehicle treated control group, green tea extract treated control group (40 mg/kg/day), methotrexate treated group (80 mg/kg), and methotrexate and green tea extract treated group. Submandibular glands excisions were then performed. Histopathological examination was performed with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and PAS stains. Cell proliferation was examined using the Ki-67 antibody and anti apoptotic effect was determined based on Bcl-2 staining.
Results: In the methotrexate and green tea extract treated group a non significant difference in the Ki-67 expression (p>0.01) and a significant increase in Bcl-2 expression (p<0.01) were seen in comparison with the methotrexate treated group.
Conclusion: Green tea aqueous extract at a concentration of 40 mg/kg/day produced a protection against methotrexate induced cytotoxicity in rat submandibular gland by increasing the expression of Bcl-2.
Simultaneous Recognition of Allogeneic MHC and Cognate Autoantigen by Autoreactive T Cells in Transplant Rejection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The autoimmune condition is a primary obstacle to inducing tolerance in type 1 diabetes patients receiving allogeneic pancreas transplants. It is unknown how autoreactive T cells that recognize self-MHC molecules contribute to MHC-disparate allograft rejection. In this report, we show the presence and accumulation of dual-reactive, that is autoreactive and alloreactive, T cells in C3H islet allografts that were transplanted into autoimmune diabetic NOD mice. Using high-throughput sequencing, we discovered that T cells prevalent in allografts share identical TCRs with autoreactive T cells present in pancreatic islets. T cells expressing TCRs that are enriched in allograft lesions recognized C3H MHC molecules, and five of six cell lines expressing these TCRs were also reactive to NOD islet cells. These results reveal the presence of autoreactive T cells that mediate cross-reactive alloreactivity, and indicate a requirement for regulating such dual-reactive T cells in tissue replacement therapies given to autoimmune individuals.
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonists interfere with autocrine and paracrine growth stimulation of MCF-7 mammary cancer cells by insulin-like growth factors.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Several studies have supported the idea that LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonists have a direct effect on mammary tumor cells. In this study, we have evaluated the potential role of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) on the growth of MCF-7 mammary tumor cells and the effect of LHRH analogs on IGF action. The mitogenic effects of IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin were compared. IGF-I was found to be 3 times more potent than IGF-II and 30 times more potent than insulin, suggesting that the effects of these growth factors are mediated by the IGF-I receptor. IGFs released by MCF-7 cells were measured by specific RIA after acid extraction and chromatography, so as to avoid the interference of IGF-binding proteins. MCF-7 cells secreted IGF-II, but not IGF-I. Estradiol (10(-9) mol/L) stimulated IGF-II release; this release preceded the effect of estradiol on cell growth. The LHRH antagonist [Ac-D-Nal(2)1,D-Phe(4Cl)2,D-Pal(3)3,D-Cit6,D-Ala10] LHR H (SB-75, CETRORELIX) inhibited basal, estrogen-induced, and IGF-induced growth. Moreover, this antagonist almost completely inhibited IGF-II release from MCF-7 cells. This effect preceded the inhibition of tumor cell growth. We conclude that a LHRH antagonist can inhibit the growth of breast tumors by interfering with the autocrine action of IGF-II and by directly inhibiting the growth stimulatory effect of IGFs.
SH0913786.10FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Identification and compensation of torque ripple in high-precision permanent magnet motor drives

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Permanent magnet synchronous machines generate parasitic torque pulsations owing to distortion of the stator flux linkage distribution, variable magnetic reluctance at the stator slots, and secondary phenomena. The consequences are speed oscillations which, although small in magnitude, deteriorate the performance of the drive in demanding applications. The parasitic effects are analyzed and modeled using the complex state-variable approach. A fast current control system is employed to produce high-frequency electromagnetic torque components for compensation. A self-commissioning scheme is described which identifies the machine parameters, particularly the torque ripple functions which depend on the angular position of the rotor. Variations of permanent magnet flux density with temperature are compensated by on-line adaptation. The algorithms for adaptation and control are implemented in a standard microcontroller system without additional hardware. The effectiveness of the adaptive torque ripple compensation is demonstrated by experiments.
Per-Q as an intervention project in virtual education for virtual learning environments

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article describes the methodological process in the design, implementation, and evaluation of Per-Q as an intervention project for educational practice in music teaching through the design of multimedia educational resources, social networks, software development and instructional design for virtual learning environments. Considering rhythm as the main element, based on the Rhythmic Dalcroze, DumDum, How to Play, Slap Happy and Rhythm stories methods, as methods that incorporate activities with movements, the game as a didactic element, improvisation, and the possibility of doing it without musical instruments implemented through traditional, constructivist and critical musical didactics approaches. Project aimed at a children's audience based on Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development and the stage of concrete operations, where initial rhythmic learning is associated with logical operations such as serialization, numbering and classification that are presented at the ages of the target audience. and that contemplates the possibility of implementing social mediation models in existing study programs at various levels of education
Feasibility of recycling the filtrate from acidified black liquor for alkaline pulping of golden bamboo grass

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To reduce energy consumption, a new pulping process called A-D-E-RC (acidification/desalination/electrolysis/recycle-cooking) was developed by a research group in Guangxi University of China. The present work focuses on the step of recycle cooking (RC) to further investigate the technical feasibility of A-D-E-RC methods. Golden bamboo grass was considered as fiber source material for pulp, and it was cooked with the acidic treating of wastewater from black liquor. Then, the pulp obtained from each cooking was made into paper to test the changes in its physical properties. As a result, the pulp yield increased from 43.9% to 50.2%, after re-using acidified black liquor, and the paper’s tear index and tensile index were improved. Therefore, this study demonstrated the feasibility of recycle cooking (RC) fiber materials for pulp applied the acidic treating wastewater from black liquor, and thereby, it further identifies the technical feasibility of A-D-E-RC pulping methods.
‘Rival visions of reality’: An analysis of the framing of Boko Haram in Nigerian newspapers and Twitter

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article focuses on the framing of Boko Haram, a transnational terrorist group, in legacy and social media platforms. The discussion is predicated on the understanding that in spite of its popularity as a research tool, the concept of framing is still problematic. One area of contention has been the reliability and validity of framing analysis. Drawing on Robert Entman’s seminal definition, this study investigates the viability of two innovative framing approaches and explores the intersection of the framing of Boko Haram in four Nigerian newspapers and Twitter. The authors argue that, while newspapers continue to dominate the media space, it is important to acknowledge the growing relevance of social media in shaping and influencing the opinion of their users. The study’s findings support the viability of these approaches and come to the conclusion that exploring the differences between the platforms can unearth different versions of reality.
Effects of fiber supply in furnished cages on performance, egg quality, and feather cover in 2 egg-laying hybrids

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Poultry may obtain fiber from the feed or from the ingestion of, e.g., fibrous litter materials. In earlier studies, it was shown that insoluble fiber may stimulate digestion and exert a calming effect on laying hens. Fiber may also influence the metabolism of minerals and fat, which might affect egg quality. In this paper, we describe the effects of 2 means of fiber supply on production performance, feather cover, and egg quality in Lohmann Brown (LB) and Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) hens housed in furnished cages between 20 and 60 wk of age. Insoluble fiber was supplied by either including 3% ground straw pellets in the feed or by substituting the saw dust in the litter bath with crumbled straw pellets. Overall, hens were frequently pecking the litter, but litter bath occupation, litter pecking, and litter intake was higher in LB than in LSL. In LB, more crumbled straw pellets were consumed from the litter bath compared with saw dust. Compared with the control, adding straw pellets to the feed reduced egg shell thickness in LB but not in LSL. Otherwise, treatments had no significant effects on production performance, egg quality, or feather cover. Therefore, litter may constitute a significant source of insoluble fiber to laying hens, but notable hybrid differences in the interaction with litter were observed.
Some Necessary and Sufficient Conditions on the Controllability of Star Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This brief focuses on the controllability of star-shaped networks, where the nodes are identical multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. Some necessary and sufficient conditions on the controllability of undirected and directed star networks are established, respectively. These conditions are more easily-verified, which show the effect of the node-system dynamics, inner interactions and external control inputs on the network controllability explicitly. Moreover, some necessary conditions are further derived, which are more straightforward and intuitive. The effectiveness of the new conditions is illustrated by some examples.
Peran Mutu Sumberdaya Manusia PMA dan PMDN Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Indonesia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This research was conducted to analyze (1) whether the quality of human resources, foreign investment, domestic investment affects employment in Indonesia; (2) what is the dominant variable influencing jobs in Indonesia. This study indicates that the regression analysis made shows that all dependent variables, such as the quality of the human resource, foreign investment, and domestic investment, affect Indonesia's labor absorption. Foreign investment has become the most dominant variable. It has a significant effect on the independent variable, namely the total workforce on employment in Indonesia. Indonesia is still very dependent on foreign investment, entering Indonesia to accelerate economic growth and absorb more workers again in Indonesia.
Microwave emissions from snow

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The radiation emitted from dry and wet snowpack in the microwave region (1 to 100 GHz) is discussed and related to ground observations. Results from theoretical model calculations match the brightness temperatures obtained by truck mounted, airborne and spaceborne microwave sensor systems. Snow wetness and internal layer structure complicate the snow parameter retrieval algorithm. Further understanding of electromagnetic interaction with snowpack may eventually provide a technique to probe the internal snow properties
Diindolylmethane Analogs as Novel NR4A1 Antagonists and as a Novel Class of Anticancer Agents and Sp Transcription Factors as Nononcogene Addiction Genes That Are Targets of ROS Inducing Agents

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) and specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors (TFs) are both overexpressed in the majority of solid tumors. Our laboratory has researched the molecular mechanisms of a novel class of 1,1-bis(3'-indolyl)-1-(p-substituted phenyl)methanes (C-DIMs) as NR4A1 antagonists and Sp proteins as non-oncogene addiction genes (NOA) that are targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducing agents. Nr4A1 antagonists (DIM-C-pPhOH) (C-DIM 8) and (DIM-C-pPhCO2Me) (C-DIM 14) inhibited cancer cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and inhibited migration. The NR4A1 antagonists inhibited constitutive and TGFβ-induced migration in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cells. We also demonstrate that p38α is necessary and sufficient for TGFβ-mediated migration and NR4A1 nuclear export in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) which was attenuated with NR4A1 antagonists (C-DIMs), leptomycin B, and the p38 inhibitor SB202190. We also demonstrate that NR4A1 is essential for TGFβ-induced EMT and NR4A1 antagonists promoted cytosolic sequestration of the transcription factor β-catenin and its proteasome-dependent degradation in a time dependent manner. β-catenin, along with TCF-3, TCF-4, and LEF-1 binds to TCF/LEF response elements in the NR4A1 promoter, regulating its expression.\nRNA interference (RNAi) demonstrates that Sp1, 3, and 4 TFs individually play a role in cancer cell growth, survival and migration/invasion in cancer cell lines. Individual knockdown of Sp1, Sp3, or Sp4, resulted in inhibition of cell growth, migration, and induction of apoptosis, with no compensation. Moreover, tumor growth in athymic nude mice bearing pancreatic cancer xenografts was significantly attenuated in cells depleted of Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 in combination or Sp1 alone. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of changes in gene expression in Panc1 pancreatic cancer cells after individual knockdown of Sp TFs demonstrates that Sp1-, Sp3- and Sp4-regulated genes were associated with pro-oncogenic activity. \nC-DIMs are promising anticancer agents in NR4A1-overexpressing solid tumors and represent a novel class of mechanistic-based drugs that target TGFβ/NR4A1-dependent inducible migration in TNBC. The functional and genomic results coupled with overexpression of Sp transcription factors in tumor vs. non-tumor tissues and decreased Sp1 expression with age indicate that Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 are non-oncogene addiction (NOA) genes and are attractive drug targets for individual and combined cancer chemotherapies.
Heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase activity is increased in cardiomyocytes after culture.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adult rat heart cardiomyocytes after overnight culture on laminin-coated plates for 18-22 h was compared with enzyme activity in freshly isolated cardiomyocytes. LPL activity in cellular homogenates from cultured cardiomyocytes and freshly isolated cells was 240 and 233 nmol oleate released h-1.mg-1 protein, respectively. LPL specific activity (mU/ng LPL protein) was 0.07 in cultured cells compared with 0.42 in freshly isolated cells, indicating an increased content of inactive LPL mass after overnight culture. The heparin-induced release of LPL activity into the medium of cultured cardiomyocytes (198 nmol.h-1.mg-1) was much greater than heparin-releasable LPL (HR-LPL) activity (59 nmol.h-1.mg-1) from freshly isolated cells. HR-LPL activity from cultured cardiomyocytes was dependent on serum (16.3-fold activation) and was inhibited by high ionic strength (1 M NaCl) and by a polyclonal antibody to LPL. Cultured cardiomyocytes also had more immunodetectable LPL on the cell surface compared with freshly isolated cardiomyocytes, consistent with increased HR-LPL activity. Therefore, overnight culture may permit cardiomyocytes time to recover from the stress of isolation by increasing the content of LPL on the cell surface.
Original Contribution Association of Osteoarthritis With Serum Levels of the Environmental Contaminants Perfluorooctanoate and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in a Large Appalachian Population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are persistent environmental contaminants that affect metabolic regulation, inflammation, and other factors implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the link between these compounds and OA remains unknown. In this study, the authors investi-gated the association of OA with PFOA and PFOS in a population of 49,432 adults from 6 PFOA-contaminated water districts in the mid-Ohio Valley (2005–2006). Participants completed a comprehensive health survey; serum levels of PFOA, PFOS, and a range of other blood markers were also measured. Medical history, including physician diagnosis of osteoarthritis, was assessed via self-report. Analyses included adjustment for demographic and lifestyle characteristics, body mass index, and other potential confounders. Reported OA showed a significant positive association with PFOA serum levels (for highest quartile of PFOA vs. lowest, adjusted odds ratio 1.3, 95 % confidence interval: 1.2, 1.5; P-trend 0.00001) and a significant inverse association with PFOS (for highest quartile vs. lowest, adjusted odds ratio 0.8, 95 % confidence interval: 0.7, 0.9; P-trend 0.00005). The relation between PFOA and OA was significantly stronger in younger and nonobese adults. Although the cross-sectional nature of this large, population-based study limits causal inference, the observed strong, divergent associations of reported OA with PFOA and PFOS may have important public health and etiologic implications and warrant further investigation.
How to Learn when Data Reacts to Your Model: Performative Gradient Descent

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Performative distribution shift captures the setting where the choice of which ML model is deployed changes the data distribution. For example, a bank which uses the number of open credit lines to determine a customer's risk of default on a loan may induce customers to open more credit lines in order to improve their chances of being approved. Because of the interactions between the model and data distribution, finding the optimal model parameters is challenging. Works in this area have focused on finding stable points, which can be far from optimal. Here we introduce performative gradient descent (PerfGD), which is the first algorithm which provably converges to the performatively optimal point. PerfGD explicitly captures how changes in the model affects the data distribution and is simple to use. We support our findings with theory and experiments.
Potentially inappropriate medication of community dwelling older patients in a geriatric day clinic using the START/STOPP criteria – a different way of application

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate quality of drug prescribing during the stay in a geriatric day clinic using the START / STOPP version 2 criteria (START stands for Screen Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment, and STOPP stands for Screening Tool for Older Persons’ potentially inappropriatePrescriptions). Methods: The retrospective longitudinal study included 193 patients with the diagnoses pain and/or dementia and/or depression; assessment was conducted on admission and before discharge using a modified application of the START criteria focusing on actual implementation of START criteria. In parallel, STOPP criteria were specified with the help of information from patient information leaflets (PILs) and a German online pharma index. Results: Due to the administration of vitamin D and calcium, and increasing analgesic and antidepressant therapy, a highly significant mean increase (T=-6,57; p<.001) of 0.65 fulfilled START criteria per patient was observed during the treatment period. Regarding the fulfilment of STOPP criteria, the comparison of mean values shows a slight increase of 0.02 criteria per patient, which, however, is not significant (T=-.16; p=.875). Although a decrease of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) could be achieved, no significant change was observed with regard to the STOPP criteria. The prevalence of PIM decreased from 82.9% on admission to 81.4% at discharge, whereas polypharmacy increased from 85.5% to 90.7%. The average number of diagnoses rose from 13.0 to 14.0 (T=-.16; p=.875). Both number of diagnoses and medications had a highly significant positive pearson correlation with implemented or fulfilled START /STOPP Criteria. This became particularly evident with the diagnoses of pain and depression. The increased quality of medicinal treatment is evident by (i) the high values of implemented STARTs, (ii) constant STOPPs with increasing medication during the treatment, and (iii) absolute growth in indicated STOPPs with a reduction in non-indicated medication. Conclusion: The quality of drug prescription is improved through utilizing START/STOPP criteria making them appropriate for optimizing pharmacotherapy; however, these criteria should be critically examined in the future with the help of the modified START methodology.