jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mudwaves on the Gardar sediment drift, NE Atlantic

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Small‐amplitude (<15 m) mudwaves were mapped on the Gardar Sediment Drift using the Hydrosweep DS multibeam echosounder system on the R/V Maurice Ewing . Improved data processing techniques allowed the swath mapped bathymetry to image features smaller than the nominal resolution (∼14 m) of Hydrosweep. Mudwave heights, wavelengths, and orientations were determined from the Hydrosweep data and in conjunction with 3.5‐kHz profiles, these mudwave fields were analyzed with regard to present models of mudwave formation. Mudwave crest orientation was clockwise to mean bottom flow direction and migration was to the right of measured currents for two areas on the drift. This is consistent with models developed on large‐amplitude mudwaves. Using mudwave orientation and migration direction in a third area, bottom current directions were inferred.
RNA aptamers: promising tools in synthetic biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Synthetic elements made entirely of RNA are suitable as regulatory elements in genetically modified systems and as biosensors. Such RNA aptamers are highly structured nucleotide sequences capable of specifically binding a target molecule. De novo selection of aptamers against a wide variety of potential targets is possible. By integrating RNA aptamers as binding domains into natural or synthetically designed regulatory circuits in the form of so-called riboswitches, new regulatory mechanisms can be generated that do not require additional regulatory elements. In addition, these binding domains can be used in cell-free systems to perform highly specific and affine molecular detection assays. By presenting two well-established aptamer designs, we aim to demonstrate the potential of RNA aptamer-based riboswitches and biosensors in various applications.
Drying of Ground Neem Seeds in a Fluidised Bed Dryer

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The drying of ground neem seeds wetted separately with hexane and ethanol was studied. Batch experiments were performed in a fluidized bed dryer as a first step for the recovery of solvents. The wetted material is obtained as an intermediate by-product after two successive leaching steps during the manufacture of a botanical insecticide from the neem seeds. Laboratory scale experiments were carried out in a bed with a conical and a cylindrical bottom, with two material size distributions, and with three gas temperatures. A simple model was developed to describe the drying process. Characteristic drying curves determined with the experimental results were used. Better fluidizing conditions were obtained in the conical bottom bed dryer with particles lying in the range of 0.71-1.2 mm and using a material with a solvent content of less than 0.55 kg hexane per kg of dry deoiled seeds and 0.9 kg ethanol per kg of dry exhausted seeds. Agglomeration of particles occurred, particularly, at particle sizes less than 0.71 mm. To obtain a good agreement between calculations and experiments, constants specific for the equipment were used in the literature expressions to calculate transfer coefficients. A fluidized bed dryer seems to be a good alternative, as part of a recovery system for the solvents, required in the processing of neem seeds.
More Effective Permit-to-Work Systems

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Many incidents in the chemical-industrial workplace are associated with maintenance works, which are typically controlled by permits-to-work (PTWs). Computerized PTWs have advantages of flexibility and informational clarity, and allow closer coordination of activities and integration with computer applications. A system has been developed linking computerized PTWs with an incident database: the system examines the nature of the job, equipment and chemicals specified on the PTW and draws users’ attention to relevant incident reports without requiring explicit searches or further data; unknown or forgotten hazards are thus highlighted when preventative action may still be taken.
Matrix‐based Molecular Descriptors for Prospective Virtual Compound Screening

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Molecular descriptors capture diverse structural information of molecules and are a prerequisite for ligand‐based similarity searching. In this study, we introduce topological matrix‐based descriptors to virtual screening for hit discovery. We evaluated the usefulness of matrix‐based descriptors in a retrospective setting and compared them with topological pharmacophore descriptors. Special attention was given to the influence of data pre‐processing and the applied similarity metric on the virtual screening performance. Overall, the MB descriptors showed a competitive and complementary performance to other descriptors. A prospective screen of a commercial compound library led to the discovery of a novel natural‐product‐derived cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor predicted to interact differently with the target protein compared to the query compound ibuprofen. The results of our study motivate the use of matrix‐based descriptors for molecular similarity‐based virtual screening and scaffold hopping.
The Anatomy of a Social Justice Field: The Growth, Collaboration, and Dissonance of the Modern U.S. Anti-Trafficking Movement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>In this dissertation, I explore how the social actors which are part of the field of anti-human trafficking organize and operate together as a collective. Around the end of the twentieth century global interest began to grow in ending the phenomenon of human trafficking. In the United States this interest has gained particular momentum since the federal statute, the <i>Trafficking Victims Protection Act,</i> became law in 2000. Over the past twenty years a growing number of municipalities, politicians, nonprofits, religious entities and celebrities have been organizing around “fighting” and/or “ending” human trafficking. I study this collection of entities not merely as a group of organizations aimed at a particular purpose, but as a social field oriented around a perceived social and moral problem. This research contributes to our understandings of social fields, and moral problems.</p><p>In my first chapter, I build from theoretical work which explores how problems rise and fall in the public’s consciousness. Using a unique dataset, I test several hypotheses about what factors cause society and governments to notice a social problem and respond through institutional means. I explore what factors contribute to the start and growth of human trafficking task force formation across the fifty states and conclude that a “domino effect” pattern best describes how environment, media and politics has affected task force formation. </p><p>In my second chapter, I draw on interviews and participant observation to describe how organizations in the movement operate together as a social field. In asking “how is the movement held together as a social field?” I bring an emphasis on synergy back to the forefront of field theory research. I describe a particular type of organization, a scaffolding organization, which explains how the loose, diverse, and disperse field of anti-human trafficking operates. I describe the distinctive characteristics which these scaffolding organizations possess, and how this theoretical concept can be applied in other field-based research.</p><p>Finally, in my last chapter I build on past interdisciplinary work which has studied the anti-human trafficking movement as an odd and somewhat baffling partnership of organizations which should not, on paper, be able to work together: conservative religious groups, radical Feminists, government entities, etc. Building from Elizabeth Bernstein’s concept of “Carceral Feminism” I describe how the collective of organizations in the U.S. who are fighting human trafficking shift adjust, and/or hide their political and philosophical commitments in response to internal and external challenges. I discuss what my findings tell us about gender-based social movements and the dynamics that govern the odd assortment of social actors which coalesce around them. </p>
<b>Recent Topics on Human Science for Railways</b>

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Human Science Division of the Railway Technical Research Institute in Japan, has been conducting research on prevention of human error and occupational accidents as well as into countermeasures for transport disruptions and ways to improve user environments in order to improve the safety, convenience and comfort of passengers using the railways. This paper outlines the recent accomplishments of the representative research on prevention of human error accidents and improvement of user environments.
The (Un)fairness of Vaccination Freeriding

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract For contagious diseases like measles a successful immunization program can result in herd protection. Small outbreaks may still occur but fade out soon, because the possibilities for the pathogen to spread in the ‘herd’ are very small. This implies that people who refuse to participate in such a program will still benefit from the protection it offers, but they don’t do their part in maintaining protection. Isn’t that a case of freeriding—and isn’t that unfair towards all the people who do collaborate? If so, that might be considered an additional ground for making vaccination mandatory or compulsory. In this paper I argue that vaccination refusal can be considered as freeriding, but that this might not be unfair. The public good of herd protection is a peculiar public good because it supervenes on private benefits that are enjoyed by all who do opt for vaccination. For vaccinated individuals, the additional benefit of herd protection comes about, as it were, for free, and hence they can’t complain that others benefit without sharing in the burdens. There are however still other grounds for making vaccination compulsory or at least for seeing refusal as a morally wrong choice.
VALUATION OF COMMERCIAL PREMISES BY THE METHOD OF MULTIPLE CRITERIA ANALYSIS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Santrauka Daugelį problemų, su kuriomis susiduriama vertinant nekilnojamąjį turtą, galima išspręsti daugiakriterinės analizės metodais. Šie metodai pradėti taikyti tik XX a. antrojoje pusėje. Šiuo metu jie užima labai svarbią vietą pasaulinėje nekilnojamojo turto vertinimo praktikoje. Daugeliu atveju tarptautinėje praktikoje jie yra pagrįsti rinkos modeliavimu ir ekonominiu vertintojų mąstymu, todėl kartais pateikiami kaip atskiri vertinimo metodai ir vadinami šiuolaikiniais. Šiame straipsnyje siūlomas naujas daugiakriterinės analizės vertės nustatymo metodas. Jis yra pagrįstas rinkos analize bei vertinimo principu ir atitinka klasikinį lyginamosios vertės metodą. Jį galima priskirti netiesioginių lyginamosios vertės metodų grupei. Šie metodai daugiakriterinę nekilnojamojo turto analizę leidžia atlikti plačiau ir universaliau, nes remiasi daueelio skirtingų kriterijų, t. y. kokybinių, kiekybinių bei rinkos konjunktūros įvertinimu. Siūlomas metodas gali patenkinti daugelio suinteresuotų grupių tikslus bei poreikius, nes juo remiantis galima nustatyti ne tik nekilnojamojo turto rinkos vertę, bet ir kitas vertes, pvz., investicinę, naudojimo, esamo naudojimo rinkos vertę ir t. t. Šiame straipsnyje pateiktas metodo teorinis modelis, kuriuo remiantis buvo nustatyta patalpų. skirtų komercijai, rinkos vertė.
Familiar, much too familiar… HBO’s Hungarian original productions and the questions of cultural proximity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses the process whereby, in addition to operating as a subscription movie channel in Hungary and Eastern Europe from the early 1990s, HBO started to produce its original local content in the region in the early 2010s. The dynamics of emerging market transformation in the context of the global format flow is usually described as a gradual and one-directional process from the shortage of domestic fiction and from format adaptations to the production of local, original content. With the close examination of HBO's activities in Hungary and the company's Hungarian productions, the chapter nuances this description as it focuses on the trials and errors of this process, in order to demonstrate the complexity of the problems of cultural proximity. HBO's Eastern European activities should not be understood within a one-directional and asymmetrical core-periphery model, but as a dynamic, interconnected and a multi-directorial process within which a leading multinational/global media company adapts itself to the local and global environment, while introducing a new production system in the transformative media creative industry of Eastern Europe after the political changes.
Binary Detection using Multi-Hypothesis Log-Likelihood, Image Processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : One of the United States Air Force missions is to track space objects. Finding planets, stars, and other natural and synthetic objects are all impacted by how well the tools of measurement can distinguish between these objects when they are in close proximity. In astronomy, the term binary commonly refers to two closely spaced objects. Splitting a binary occurs when two objects are successfully detected. The physics of light, atmospheric distortion, and measurement imperfections can make binary detection a challenge. Binary detection using various post processing techniques can significantly increase the probability of detection. This paper explores the potential of using a multi-hypothesis approach. Each hypothesis assumes one two or no points exists in a given image. The log-likelihood of each hypothesis are compared to obtain detection results. Both simulated and measured data are used to demonstrate performance with various amounts of atmosphere, and signal to noise ratios. Initial results show a significant improvement when compared to a detection via imaging by correlation. More work exists to compare this technique to other binary detection algorithms and to explore cluster detection.
Performance of Bt and Non Bt Cotton hybrids against pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad, during 2004–05 and 2005–06. In all the Bt cotton hybrids, the rosette flowers, larval population, green boll damage, locule damage were significantly low compared to their non-Bt cotton counter parts. Among all the Bt cotton genotypes, significantly lower pink bollworm larvae, green boll damage and locule damage were registered in RCH-2 Bt (5.6 larvae/50 bolls) being on par with RCH-20 Bt (6.4 larvae/50 bolls, 17.3% and 17.0%, respectively) and RCH-144 Bt (8.8 larvae/50 bolls). Significantly higher number of larvae, highest green boll damage and locule damage were recorded in DHB-290 (29.1 larvae/50 bolls, 39.3% and 34.5%, respectively) being on par with DHH-11 (25.4 larvae/50 bolls). The seed cotton yield among Bt cotton hybrids ranged from 6.7 to 10.3 q/ha, which was significantly superior to their non-Bt counter parts.
Understanding precipitation during in-situ and post-heat treatments of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys processed by powder-bed fusion

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates the evolution of Sc-rich precipitates in Scalmalloy® processed using Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing. By combining microstructural analysis, thermodynamic calculations, and an adapted precipitation model, we examine how precipitates change during solidification, in-situ heat treatment (IHT), and post-heat treatment (PHT). We establish a comprehensive classification system for primary and secondary Sc-rich precipitates based on their origin, location, morphology, composition, interaction with other precipitates, and size. Notably, primary precipitates are observed within the fine-grained (FG) zone, and their characteristics suggest further modification during IHT and PHT. The developed precipitation model, coupled with multi-scale thermal simulations, accurately predicts the formation of small homogeneous secondary L12-Al3Sc precipitates during PBF and PHT, showcasing its potential as a powerful tool for optimizing PBF processes for components with complex geometries and different thermal conditions. Our findings reveal that while the employed IHT conditions did not induce secondary precipitation, subsequent PHT at 400°C for 1 hour led to the formation of secondary precipitates via both continuous and discontinuous mechanisms. Addressing limitations in understanding primary precipitate formation during PBF and incorporating both homogeneous and heterogeneous mechanisms in future models are crucial for a deeper understanding of Scalmalloy® precipitation behavior and PBF process optimization.
The Apolipoprotein E €2 Allele Is Associated with an Increased Rsk of Early-Onset Alzheimer&apos;s Disease and a Reduced Survival

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It was suggested that in contrast to the E4 allele, the E2 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE&quot;2) has a protective effect for late-onset Alzheimer&apos;s disease and early-onset Alzheimer&apos;s disease (EOAD). We studied the role of the APOE*2 allele in the pathogenesis of EOAD in a Dutch population-based study of 175 probable EOAD patients with onset age at or before 65 years and 532 age-matched controls. In our population, there was no evidence for a protective effect of the APOE&quot;2 allele on the risk of EOAD. However, our data show that among EOAD patients, survival for APOE&quot;2 carriers was significantly reduced. When restricting the analysis to patients ascertained early after diagnosis at a stage of disease when mortality is low, our data suggest an increased risk of EOAD for subjects with APOE2E2, APOE2E3, APOE3E4, and APOE4E4 genotypes.
Citrate–hydrazine hydrogen-bonding driven single-step synthesis of tunable near-IR plasmonic, anisotropic silver nanocrystals: implications for SERS spectroscopy of inorganic oxoanions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Anisotropic silver nanocrystals (NCs) having Vis-to-NIR plasmon tunability have been synthesized by tailoring the hydrogen-bonding interactions between a mild stabilizer (citrate) and a mild reductant (hydrazine hydrate).
Co zrobić z Tym Wstydem?… Jacek Podsiadło, Słup ze słów i problemy z pamięcią w edukacji polonistycznej

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper attempts to analyse the concept of memory in the social conscience, which is a taboo (despitefilms, testimones, the amount of academicresearch) related to the participation of the Polish communities in the Holocaust. It is believed that this dark memory or dark post-memory is animportant element which partially creates the sphere of key values for etery community ornation. Its absorption defines the maturity in taking up the challenges of history and indvidual experience. In order to avoid it being only anelitist memory, it should be included in the school practice, which is a difficult endeavour. It is controversial, and sometimes leads to an even stronger denial of knowledge and unwanted experience, due to its disgracefulness. In Jacek Podsiadło’s Słup ze słów, it is possibe to see the chance to break from this oblivion in the Polish Language Education.
Explainable machine learning of the breast cancer staging for designing smart biomarker sensors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In medical diagnostics, smart biomarker sensors are used to detect and monitor biomarker thresholds. Recent bariatric research has shown a connection between obesity and an elevated risk of breast cancer in women, with the growth of adipose tissues and malignancy as a disease caused by the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines. The current article focuses on HOMA, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, the adipocytokines that have been identified as the primary causes of breast cancer in obese women during the last two decades. In this manuscript, the XAI tool is implemented on the breast cancer data and presents graphical interpretation. The clinical significance and molecular processes behind circulating HOMA, leptin, adiponectin, and breast cancer resistance have been explored, and XAI methods have been used to construct models for the identification of novel breast cancer biomarkers. The premise of this study is based on classifying each adipokine into two groups: low- and high-level concentrations. We examine the correlation between each group and the likelihood of developing breast cancer. The results provided useful evidence to develop accurate treatment interventions for breast cancer patients based on their biomarker levels and body mass index.
Effects of BDNF pretreatment on apoptosis following focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective:To study the effects of different doses of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) pretreatment on apoptosis following focal cerebral ischemia and reperfu-sion in rats.Methods:The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MACO) and reperfusion was set up.BDNF was injected into the lateral ventricle.Neuron apoptosis was identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL).Thirty Wistar male rats were randomly divided into five groups,with six animals in each:sham operation group(group C),ischemia-reperfusion group(I/R),BDNF pretreatment groups:L,M and H group.Except group C,the other group animals were sacrificed at the timepoint of cerebral ischemia 1h and reperfusion 72h and then the brain cortex was takenfor detecting.Results:Compared with I/R group,the index of neuron apoptosis in BDNF pretreatment groups were decreased significantly(P0.01).In all of the BDNF pretreatment groups,the neuron apoptosis index in brain cortex were lowest in group H(P0.01).Conclusion:Different doses of BDNF pretreatment can significantly decrease the number of apoptotic neuronal cells in cerebral cortex,has certain protection against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.The number of neuron apoptosis decreases with the increase of the dose of BDNF pretreatment.
Occupancy and Habitat Associations of Four Species of Sciurids in Ponderosa Pine-Gambel Oak (Pinus ponderosa-Quercus gambelii) Forests in Northern Arizona

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In ponderosa pine-Gambel oak (Pinus ponderosa-Quercus gambelii) forests of north-central Arizona, we examined occupancy and habitats of four species of sciurids (rock squirrel Spermophilus variegatus, golden-mantled ground squirrel S. lateralis, gray-collared chipmunk Tamias cinereicollis, cliff chipmunk T. dorsalis). Numbers of captures were highly variable, suggesting a patchy distribution of species. All four species co-occurred on only one of the study sites. Gray-collared chipmunks and golden-mantled ground squirrels were relatively common on one site only. Golden-mantled ground squirrels were associated with mature forests with high canopy cover and low basal area, whereas gray-collared chipmunks were in locations with large numbers of logs and shallow litter. The two species of chipmunks appeared to be separated in space; gray-collared chipmunks were more common where cliff chipmunks were least common. Rock squirrels were relatively ubiquitous. There was evidence for an association of rock squirrels with increasing rocky cover and decreasing canopy cover, whereas cliff chipmunks occupied rocky areas with high canopy cover and numerous shrubs.