jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Solid-State Digital Micro-Mirror Array Spectrometer for Hadamard Transform Measurements of Glucose and Lactate in Aqueous Solutions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A novel solid-state near-infrared spectrometer is presented based on a digital micro-mirror array device (DMD) that is well designed for Hadamard transform spectroscopy. This spectrometer is designed for the collection of transmission spectra over the C–H first overtone region of the near-infrared spectrum (6500–5500 cm −1 ). A spectral resolution of 2.2 nm (∼11 cm −1 ) is realized by using a 25 μm diameter linear tungsten filament as the source. Such a thin filament reduces imaging aberrations into the micro-mirror array, thereby enhancing spectral resolution. After passing through the sample, the transmitted radiation is dispersed with a grating before being imaged onto the surface of the DMD. Hadamard transform masks are implemented through the DMD and the reflected light is monitored by a single-element photodiode detector. The analytical utility of this approach is demonstrated through the multivariate quantification of glucose and lactate in binary mixtures composed in an aqueous buffer solution. A signal-to-noise ratio of 35000 is achieved through these aqueous samples, and the resulting quantitative measurements provide a standard error of prediction of 1.4 and 0.9 mM for glucose and lactate, respectively. The selectivity of the resulting calibration models is established by using both a pure component selectivity analysis as well as analysis of the net analyte signal for each component. These quantitative results from the DMD Hadamard transform spectrometer compare favorably to similar measurements performed with a commercial Fourier transform spectrometer.
Spinosodus Breuning & de Jong 1941

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

GenusSpinosodusBreuning & de Jong, 1941 Spinosodus Breuning & de Jong, 1941: 96 — Breuning 1961: 283; Breuning 1963: 509. Type species: S. spinicollis Breuning & de Jong, 1941. Bulbolmotega Breuning, 1966: 124. Type species: B. sumatrensis Breuning, 1966. Syn. nov. Redescription. Body relatively broad. Head retracted backwards, frons wider than long. Antennae shorter than body, with short setae beneath; antennal insertions flat, not obviously protruding upwards, widely separated from each other; scape short and stout, pedicel relatively long, antennomere 3 slightly longer than antennomere 4 or scape. Eyes slightly coarsely faceted, inner side deeply emarginate, lower lobe longer than broad, remarkably longer than gena. Pronotum transverse, with two transverse grooves on anterior and posterior margins, respectively, the second one on anterior margin strongly curved backwards at middle; each side provided a small but acute spine behind the middle, slightly directed backwards; disc uneven, with a large and blunt hump on each side. Elytra wider than pronotum, rounded apically; each elytron with a longitudinal blunt median ridge at base. Prosternal process narrow, lower than procoxae; mesosternal process shortly vertical anteriorly; metasternum normal. Legs moderately long, femur slightly clavate. Comments. Based on the comparison of the type species of Spinosodus and Bulbolmotega (images and original descriptions), we found no significant morphological differences between these genera. As a result, Bulbolmotega is considered a junior synonym of Spinosodus.
Host and environmental correlates of body size in ticks (Acari: Argasidae and Ixodidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To evaluate the influence of host mass and environmental temperature on the evolution of body size in ticks, a comparative analysis was performed using data from 193 species. Using the 20 possible phylogenetically independent contrasts among tick species, no relationship was found between body size of female ticks and either host mass or temperature. The statistical power of these analyses was low. Within the two most speciose genera of soft ticks, however, separate cross-species analyses revealed a positive and highly significant relationship between female tick size and host mass. Also, within the two most speciose genera of hard ticks, cross-species analyses showed a positive and highly significant relationship between scutum size of female ticks and host mass. The latter correlation is based on measurements of tick body size that are independent of the level of blood engorgement. No effect of temperature was observed in the within-genera analyses. These within-genera trends may be artefacts of unknown phylogenetic relationships. Another explanation, however, is that host body mass may have influenced the evolution of tick body size.
Isospin violating effects in e+e− vs. τ measurements of the pion form factor |Fπ|2(s)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study possible so far unaccounted isospin breaking effects in the relation between the pion form factor as determined in e^+e^- experiments and the corresponding quantity obtained after accounting for known isospin breaking effects by an isospin rotation from the tau--decay spectra. In fact the observed 10% discrepancy in the respective pion form factors may be explained by the isospin breaking which is due to the difference between masses and widths of the charged and neutral rho mesons. Since the hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment can be calculated directly in terms of the e^+e^- - data the corresponding evaluation seems to be more reliable. Our estimate is a_mu(had)=694.8(8.6) x 10^{-10}. The tau - data are usefull at the presently aimed level of accuracy only after appropriate input from theory.
A study of the views and experiences of student’s transition and the role of the guidance counsellor with two post-primary schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A fundamental aim of this research is to undertake a study exploring the views and experiences of student’s transition and the role of the guidance counsellor with two schools. This research aims to establish what are the initial experiences and challenges in the student’s transition and the student’s views on the role of the guidance counsellor in their transition. Additionally, the researcher will explore the role of the guidance counsellor in the transition process from the perspective of the guidance counsellor. From a research perspective, internationally much of the research that exist centres around the area of school transfer and transition programmes (Hanewald 2013, Tudge et al 2009 and Rice et al 2011). The main body of research in relation to transition in Ireland is conducted by Smyth (2017) and Smyth et al (2004). This study provides and insight into the views and experience of current 2nd year students looking back on their transition experience in 1st year. The data collection involved the use of surveys, focus groups and semi-structured interviews. A number of themes emerged from this study and the conclusions of this research highlight that the transition experience is mainly a positive one. However, greater clarification of guidance counsellor’s role is required for junior cycle students. A number of recommendations were generated to inform the practice of guidance counselling going forward.
Oxyphil adenoma and primary hyperparathyroidism. Clinical and ultrastructral observations.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 65-year-old white man had hyperparathyroidism associated with an oxyphil adenoma. Review of the literature reveals this cell type to be a rare cause of parathyroid hyperactivity. Oxyphil cells have been considered inactive, or involutional forms. Electron microscopic examination of this tumor demonstrates well-defined organelles and membrane-limited secretory granules within the oxyphil cells suggesting a secretory function. The fine structure in oxyphil cells in normal parathyroid glands lacks such a well defined system. It is suggested that this tumor reflects an alteration of these cells resulting in the production of excess hormone secretion and clinical hyperparathyroidism.
Pre-hospital management of a multiply injured trauma victim

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract During an intensive care medicine attachment you are on a rota shared with the ED to provide a pre-hospital medical team, in response to a request from paramedics on scene for a physician’s attendance. One evening you are tasked for an emergency medical response to a high-speed road traffic collision, in which a car has left a motorway at high speed after aquaplaning and rolled over several times in a field. No specific details have been provided, other than there are multiple severely injured casualties.
[Treatment of cyclical mastodynia using an extract of Vitex agnus castus: results of a double-blind comparison with a placebo].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of study presented here was to gather the data about the tolerability and efficacy of Vitex agnus castus (VACS) extract. The study was designed as double-blind, placebo controlled in two parallel groups (each 50 patients). Treatment phase lasted 3 consequent menstrual cycles (2 x 30 drops/day = 1.8 ml of VASC) or placebo. Mastalgia during at least 5 days of the cycle before the treatment was the strict inclusion condition. For assessment of the efficacy visual analogue scale was used. Altogether 97 patients were included into the statistical analysis (VACS: n = 48, placebo: n = 49). Intensity of breast pain diminished quicker with VACS group. The tolerability was satisfactory. We found VACS to be useful in the treatment of cyclical breast pain in women.
Acute Appendicitis in Infancy and Early Childhōod

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bailey and Love (1949) begin their section on appendicitis with these words: " Over 3,000 persons die annually from acute appendicitis in England and Wales alone.Many of them are in youth or the prime of life.Practically aIf these lives could be saved if an early diagnosis were made, and, at this stage, the comparatively simple operation of appendicectomy carried out.The importance of the stibject cannot be overstated."Recent years have seen an improvement in the saving of lives, though not necessarily in early diagnosis.In this paper are reviewed 115 consecutive unselected children whose appendices were removed.They were admitted to the wards of the Westminster Children's Hospital during 1950-2.Thirty-two suffered from "recurrent " appendicitis.The remainder had appendices which were unequivocally demonstrated to be the seat of acute inflammation.All were under 12 years old.It is not proposed to deal in detail with those in the "recurrent " group or with those over 5, but to make special reference to the 28 cases under 5.It should be
Adenosine Tetraphosphate, Ap4, a Physiological Regulator of Intraocular Pressure in Normotensive Rabbit Eyes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Adenosine 5 tetraphosphate, Ap4, is a natural nucleotide present in many biological systems. This nucleotide has been found as a constituent of the nucleotide pool present in the aqueous humor of New Zealand rabbits. HPLC analysis con-firmed its identity and calculated its concentration levels to be 197 21 nM. When applied topically to the rabbit eyes, this mononucleotide produced a reduction in the intraocular pres-sure, which was dose-dependent. The pD2 value calculated from the dose-response curve was 7.28 0.47, which is equiv-alent to 52.48 nM. The time course of such intraocular pressure reduction presented a maximal decrease of IOP to 75.1 2.3% compared with the vehicle control value (100%), and the effect lasted for more than 2 h. Cross-desensitization studies dem-onstrated that Ap4 effect was mediated via a P2X receptor in this system. P2 receptor antagonists suramin, pyridoxal phos-phate 6-azophenyl-2,4-disulfonic acid (PPADS), and reactive blue 2 (RB-2) showed that only the latter was able to revert the effect of Ap4. Antagonists of adrenoceptors and cholinoceptors were able to partially reverse the effect of this nucleotide; this might indicate a connection with the neural mechanisms that control the intraocular pressure. Adenosine 5-tetraphosphate, Ap4, is a natural nucleotide present in neurosecretory vesicles together with other nucle-otides and classical transmitters (Gualix et al., 1996). Al-though it has been described in many biological systems, it is the least investigated for its physiological/pharmacological actions compared with other nucleotides. Compounds such as ATP, UTP, or diadenosine polyphosphates ApnA have been investigated for their physiological effects and their receptor function (Hourani et al., 1998; Pintor et al., 2000a), but Ap4 has not been given as much attention. Ap4 was identified first from horse muscle (Lieberman, 1955) and also in other tissues such as rabbit muscle and platelets, yeast spores, and rat liver (Small and Cooper, 1966;
[Clinical studies on 179 cases of prostatic cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Between 1971 and 1984, 179 patients with prostatic cancer were admitted to our Hospital. These cases were studied retrospectively. The greatest number of patients were in their seventies. The patients ranged from 55 to 90 years old with an average age of 72.4 years. The most common symptoms were dysuria, urinary retention, pollakisuria and macrohematuria. About 76% of the chief complaints were related to urinary tract obstruction. There were 64 (35.8%), 21 (11.7%), 38 (21.2%) and 56 (31.3%) cases of stage A, B, C and D, respectively. Prostatic cancer was confirmed histopathologically at transurethral resection in 146 patients, transrectal needle biopsy in 25 patients, open prostatectomy in 3 patients, autopsy in 4 patients, and cryosurgery in 1 patient. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year actual survival rates of 162 cases were 89, 70 and 55%, respectively. The 5-year actual survival rate of stage A, B, C, and D was 72, 67, 55 and 34%, respectively. The 5-year actual survival rate for the cases treated with and without anti-androgen therapy was 72% and 73% for stage A, 66% and 75% for stage B, 58% and 44% for stage C and 37% and 12% for stage D, respectively. The cases treated with anti-androgen therapy was divided into the low dose (diethylstilbestrol less than 300 mg/day or hexestrol less than 30 mg/day) and high dose (diethylstilbestrol greater than or equal to 300 mg/day or hexestrol greater than or equal to 30 mg/day) groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Brown adipose tissue metabolism in vivo and serum insulin concentrations in rabbits soon after birth

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. In rabbits kept unfed for 4 or 24 or 48 hr after delivery by Caesarean section at term, noradrenaline infusion (I.V. for 30 min) caused a similar increase in oxygen consumption but the increase in serum free fatty acid concentration was greatest in rabbits kept unfed for 48 hr. 2. The brown adipose tissue of anaesthetized rabbits under 3 hr old took glucose from the circulation but did not release fatty acids. In similar rabbits noradrenaline infusion stimulated the tissue to generate heat, but there was no release of fatty acids even though the rate of triglyceride hydrolysis was high (as judged by the rate of glycerol release). 3. In rabbits kept unfed for 48 hr from birth in a warm environment, brown adipose tissue released small amounts of fatty acids but continued to take glucose from the circulation. Heat production in response to noradrenaline infusion was accompanied by an increased release of fatty acids. The fat content of the brown adipose tissue did not fall with starvation. 4. The mean serum insulin concentration of rabbits at birth was 54 μu./ml. compared to 23 μu./ml. in the mother. In new‐born rabbits kept unfed for 48 hr the insulin concentration had fallen to 14 μu./ml. 5. It is concluded (i) that at birth brown adipose tissue has the capacity to generate heat but the tissue is slow to release its stores of fat in response to starvation, (ii) that brown adipose tissue has a high rate of glucose uptake even during starvation and (iii) that the high circulating concentration of insulin may be responsible for the tissue's slow adaptation to the demands of starvation.
Wealth effects of convertible-bond and warrant-bond offerings: a meta-analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The literature on wealth effects associated with the announcements of convertible-bond and warrant-bond offerings is reviewed. The findings of 35 event studies, which include 84 sub-samples and 6310 announcements, are analysed using meta-analysis. We find a mean cumulative abnormal return of &minus;1.14% for convertibles compared with &minus;0.02% for warrant bonds, the significant difference confirming a relative advantage for warrant bonds. Abnormal returns for hybrid securities issued in the USA are significantly more negative than those issued in other countries. In addition, issuing hybrid securities to refund debt does not seem to be favoured by investors. Finally, several factors identified as important by theory or in prior research are not significant within our cross-study models, suggesting that more evidence is needed to confirm whether they are robust.
The Relationship of Ether Extract and Moisture in Eviscerated Broilers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The relationship of ether extract to moisture of the eviscerated carcass was determined. A highly significant negative correlation coefficient was found to exist between percent ether extract and percent moisture in the chilled and non-chilled eviscerated carcass. A method to predict the percent ether extract from the simple moisture determination is presented.
Vowel height and the perception of consonantal nasality

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

By means of an articulatory synthesizer, the preception of the oral–nasal distinction in consonants was explored experimentally. This distinction was chosen because it is achieved by a very simple articulatory maneuver and because it is phonologically relevant in virtually every language. Lowering the velum in equal increments provided continua of CV syllables varying in size of velopharyngeal port which were divided perceptually into /d/ and /n/ categories by American English listeners. To test the hypothesis that the coarticulation of these nasal consonants with lower (more open) vowels requires a larger area of velopharyngeal coupling to give a nasal consonant percept, three oral–nasal continua incorporating the vowels /i/, /Λ/, and /α/, respectively, were presented for identification. The results were compared with those of A. S. House and K. N. Stevens [J. Speech Hear. Disord. 21, 218–232 (1956)] and A. S. House [J. Speech Hear. Disord. 22, 190–204 (1957)] obtained with steady-state vowels and consonantal murmurs and with those of M. H. L. Hecker [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34, 179–188 (1962)]. Three conclusions emerged. First, the relationship between vowel height and the amount of velopharyngeal coupling needed for a nasal percept occurs in conditions where subjects are required to make linguistically relevant judgments. Second, the relationship can arise in conditions where vocalic coarticulation is present. Third, the relationship is not confined to vowels but can also be observed in the case of dynamically articulated consonants. One of the continua was also used for discrimation experiments, which yielded the classical pattern of high discriminability at the category boundary.
Problem Statement on the Cross-Realm Operation of Kerberos

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This document provides background information regarding large-scale Kerberos deployments in the industrial sector, with the aim of identifying issues in the current Kerberos cross-realm authentication model as defined in RFC 4120. This document describes some examples of actual large-scale industrial systems, and lists requirements and restrictions regarding authentication operations in such environments. It also identifies a number of requirements derived from the industrial automation field. Although they are found in the field of industrial automation, these requirements are general enough and are applicable to the problem of Kerberos cross-realm operations.
Ipomoea purpurea CIP 470616

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Ipomoea purpurea
Common name(s): SweetPotato
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Peru
Local sample unique identifier: CIP 470616
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1985
Other identifiers: n/a,DLP 460
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Not included
Stochastic sensitivity analysis of dynamic transformations in the "two prey - predator" model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Данная работа посвящена исследованию проблемы моделирования и анализа сложных колебательных режимов, как регулярных, так и хаотических, в системах взаимодействующих популяций в присутствии случайных возмущений.В качестве исходной концептуальной детерминированной модели рассматривается вольтерровская система трех дифференциальных уравнений, описывающая динамику популяций жертв двух конкурирующих видов и хищника
STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION BY FLEXURAL ANALYSIS ON RC DAMAGE-CONTROLLED FLAT WALLS RESTRAINED AXIAL ELONGATION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a method of flexural analysis for structural performance evaluation of the RC secondary flat walls without wall vertical rebar anchorage. An idealized deformation model for the walls restrained axial elongation was also proposed and applied to the flexural analysis. Consequently, the results from the flexural analysis had good agreements with the experimental results, which identified the failure mode in flexure of the tested specimens. Furthermore, a simple theoretical equation was proposed to quantitatively estimate the maximum compressive axial force applied on the flat walls based on the above idealized model.
Cyclization of 5-hexenyl radicals from nitroxyl radical additions to 4-pentenylketenes and from the acyloin reaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Photochemical Wolff rearrangements were used to form 5-substituted-4-pentenylketenes 1a1d (RCH=CHCH 2 XCH 2 CH=C=O: 1a R = H, X = CH 2 ; 1b R = Ph, X = CH 2 ; 1c R = c-Pr, X = CH 2 ; 1d R = H, X = O), which were observed by IR at 2121, 2120, 2119, and 2126 cm 1 , respectively, as relatively long-lived species at room temperature in hydrocarbon solvents. These reacted with the nitroxyl radical tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl (TEMPO, TO·) forming carboxy-substituted 5-hexenyl radicals 3, which were trapped by a second nitroxyl radical forming 1,2 diaddition products 4a4d. On thermolysis, 4a4d underwent reversible reformation of the radicals 3, which underwent cyclization forming cyclopentanecarboxylic acid derivatives 6 or 11 as the major products. However, in the case of 1b, the cyclopentane derivative was formed reversibly and on prolonged reaction times the only product isolated was PhCH=CH-(CH 2 ) 4 CO 2 H (8b) from hydrogen transfer to C β and cleavage of the TEMPO group. Cyclopropylcarbinyl radical ring opening in the cyclized radical 5c from 1c led to the 2-(4-N-tetramethylpiperidinyloxybut-1-enyl)cyclopentane derivative 11 as the major product. In a test for 5-hexenyl radical ring closure in the radical anion intermediate of the acyloin condensation, the ester CH 2 =CH(CH 2 ) 3 CO 2 Et (12a) gave the acyloin 13a (76%) as the only observed product, while PhCH=CH(CH 2 ) 3 CO 2 CH 3 (12b) with Na in toluene gave 21% of the acyloin product 13b and 42% of 2-benzylcyclopentanol (15) from cyclization of the intermediate radical anion.Key words: ketenes, free radical cyclization, TEMPO, acyloin condensation.