jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Can tip-apex distance and calcar reference tip-apex distance predict lag screw cut-out in elderly patients with trochanteric femoral fractures treated with gamma3 nails

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The most common complication of cephalomedullary nail fixation for femoral fractures is lag screw cut-out. The significance of the tip-apex distance (TAD) in predicting lag screw cut-out is still debated. There has been no study conducted on the calcar reference tip-apex distance (CalTAD) regarding its impact on lag screw cut-out. To compare the average TAD and CalTAD between groups with and without lag screw cut-out and to determine the TAD and CalTAD values associated with the highest risk of lag screw cut-out. Methods: This was a prognostic prediction study utilizing a retrospective cohort of 756 patients with trochanteric femoral fractures treated with Gamma3 nails. This study compared the differences in TAD and CalTAD values between the two groups. Results: The group without lag screw cut-out had lower TAD and CalTAD values compared to the group with lag screw cut-out (TAD; 20.3±5.3 mm vs. 22.1±5.7 mm; p=0.044); (CalTAD 22.3±4.4 mm vs. 25.2±5.3 mm; p<0.001). The cutoff points of TAD >23 mm and CalTAD >25 mm were associated with the highest risk of lag screw cut-out (TAD: OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.47-5.77; p=0.002); (CalTAD: OR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.73-6.80; p<0.001). Conclusions: The lag screw cut-out group had higher TAD and CalTAD values. TAD values greater than 23 mm and CalTAD values greater than 25 mm were associated with the highest risk of lag screw cut-out.
Evolution of the military and social research in post-soviet space for the period 1993-2013 years

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The beginning of the XXI century is characterized by the appearance of new types of security threats. The nature of these threats calls for reform of the military organization of the world. Scientific support of the military reform is the key to its effective implementation. The problems of the evolution of military sociological research are not only internal academic, but also social significance.\nToday, the scientific work on the military organization of society represent a variety of scientific disciplines. Explores the historical, educational, economic, philosophical, sociological, medical, and other aspects of the problem of ensuring the military security of the society.\nIn the works of Russian researchers, the majority of which are disclosed and analyzed the features and characteristics of the process of becoming a sociological approach to the study of military and social phenomena. At the same time today is not enough to investigate the evolution of military sociological research.\nThe author introduces the reader to the main results of a sociological study on the evolution of military sociological research on post­Soviet territory during the period 1993 ­ 2013 period. The study used themselves dissertations, and bibliographies: Russian State Library, the National Library of Ukraine named after V.I.Vernadsky National Library, the National Library of the former Soviet republics in the Internet. The total number of theses in 1621.\nThe results showed that during the period from 1993 to 2013 on sociological subjects were protected by 82 theses. The most studied problems of military organization management processes are found in the military organization, its social structure. Less studied the economic aspects of the military organization. The study of the dynamics of military sociological research has shown that the problems of the social structure of the military organization in the long term remain valid. The economic aspects of the military organization only become relevant. It’s a natural tendency, which reflects the influence of both objective and subjective factors at the present stage of reforming the military organization.
Experimental and Mechanism Research on EDM Combined with Magnetic Field

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The two disadvantages of EDM are the low material removal rate (MRR) and poor surface quality. In this investigation, EDM assisted by magnetic field (MFEDM) has been proposed for the first time to overcome above-mentioned disadvantages. Constant magnetic field was applied to the both sides of discharge channel perpendicularly to form a novel process. In experiment, EDM machine tool D703F was used to machine nonferromagnetic materials. The machining parameters discharge current and pulse duration were chosen to determine the effects on material removal rate and surface roughness.Experiment results indicate that the MRR of the combined machining is 1.2~3 times of EDM’s one. Furthermore, the value of surface roughness is also reduced. Therefore, the introduction of magnetic field to EDM has important academic and practical values to the development of EDM.
Antimalarial potential of compounds isolated from Mammea siamensis T. Anders. flowers: in vitro and molecular docking studies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The emergence of antimalarial drug resistance encourages the search for new antimalarial agents. Mammea siamensis belongs to the Calophyllaceae family, which is a medicinal plant that is used in traditional Thai preparations. The hexane and dichloromethane extracts of this plant were found to have potent antimalarial activity. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate active compounds from M. siamensis flowers and evaluate their antimalarial potential and their interactions with Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH).The compounds from M. siamensis flowers were isolated by chromatographic techniques and evaluated for their antimalarial activity against chloroquine (CQ)-resistant P. falciparum (K1) strains using a parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay. Interactions between the isolated compounds and the PfLDH enzyme were investigated using a molecular docking method.The isolation produced the following thirteen compounds: two terpenoids, lupeol (1) and a mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol (5); two mammea coumarins, mammea A/AA cyclo D (6) and mammea A/AA cyclo F (7); and nine xanthones, 4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (2), 4-hydroxyxanthone (3), 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone (4), 1,6-dihydroxyxanthone (8), 1-hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxyxanthone (9), 3,4,5-trihydroxyxanthone (10), 5-hydroxy-1-methoxyxanthone (11), 2-hydroxyxanthone (12), and 1,5-dihydroxy-6-methoxyxanthone (13). Compound 9 exhibited the most potent antimalarial activity with an IC50 value of 9.57 µM, followed by 10, 1, 2 and 13 with IC50 values of 15.48, 18.78, 20.96 and 22.27 µM, respectively. The molecular docking results indicated that 9, which exhibited the most potent activity, also had the best binding affinity to the PfLDH enzyme in terms of its low binding energy (-7.35 kcal/mol) and formed interactions with ARG109, ASN140, and ARG171.These findings revealed that isolated compounds from M. siamensis flowers exhibited antimalarial activity. The result suggests that 1-hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxyxanthone is a possible lead structure as a potent inhibitor of the PfLDH enzyme.
Head-to-head comparison of the hybrid tracer indocyanine green-99mTc-nanocolloid with 99mTc-Senti-Scint using sentinel node lymphoscintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography combined with computer tomography in melanoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The hybrid tracer indocyanine green (ICG)- 99m Tc-nanocolloid has been introduced for sentinel node imaging. However, until now, a comparison of this tracer with other radiocolloids with a larger particle size has not been effectuated. Based on a head-to-head evaluation in patients with melanoma, we have compared ICG- 99m Tc-nanocolloid (particle size 5–80 nm) with 99m Tc-Senti-Scint (particle size 100–600 nm) to establish differences in drainage pattern and sentinel node localization using lymphoscintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography combined with computer tomography (SPECT-CT) in melanoma patients scheduled for sentinel node biopsy. Methods Twenty-five patients (mean age: 56.9 years, range: 25–79 years) with a melanoma scheduled for SLN biopsy prior to (re)excision of the primary lesion (scar) were prospectively included following a two-day procedure. The first day, after 99m Tc-Senti-Scint injection in four intradermal depots around the primary lesion or scar, early/delayed lymphoscintigraphy and SPECT-CT images were acquired. The injection sites were marked. The second day, after assessing lymph node radioactivity using planar scintigraphy, ICG- 99m Tc-nanocolloid was injected at the previously marked skin points and imaging was performed. The paired planar and SPECT-CT images of both tracers were evaluated with respect to drainage patterns, SLN visualization and non-SLN appearing. Results Twenty-four out of 25 patients were evaluable. SLN visualization on a patient basis was 100% for ICG- 99m Tc-nanocolloid and 96% for 99m Tc-Senti-Scint, whereas uptake in non-SLNs was found in, respectively, 71% (17/24) and 61% (14/23). Concordance in drainage to 45 lymph node basins was 91%. Discordant drainage was found for two melanomas in the head-and-neck and one in the clavicular area. Unique lymph node basins were seen in 44/45 (98%) for ICG- 99m Tc-nanocolloid and 42/45 (93%) for 99m Tc-Senti-Scint. Concerning identified SLNs, the number was similar for both tracers ( n = 58); however, more non-SLNs (65 vs 50) were visualized with ICG- 99m Tc-nanocolloid than with 99m Tc-Senti-Scint. Conclusion A slightly higher SLN visualization accompanied by a tendency to depict more non-SLNs was found for ICG- 99m Tc-nanocolloid. Excepting the head and neck area, an overall high concordance in drainage was found for both radiotracers. With an additional value for the hybrid tracer due to the combination of preoperative imaging and the additional visual signal in the operation room, added by the fluorescent component of the hybrid tracer, there was a preference for ICG- 99m Tc-nanocolloid.
Prospective rice varieties for high yield performance on modified ratoon salibu cultivation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Zarwazi LM, Junaedi A, Sopandie D, Sugiyanta, Purwono, Sakagami J-I. 2022. Prospective rice varieties for high yield performance on modified ratoon salibu cultivation. Biodiversitas 23: 1065-1071. Modified Ratoon Salibu (MRS) differs from ratoon (Conventional Ratoon, CR). This research aims to investigate some rice varieties re-grown as CR and MRS after main crops are harvested. The experiment was conducted at Kuningan Experimental Station of Indonesian Center for Rice Research, using rice varieties as the main plot (Hipa 18, Hipa 19, Inpari 42, Inpari 43, IPB 3S, and Batang Piaman), and ratoon cultivation system as a sub-plot (CR and MRS), evaluated in the first (1) and second (2) generation after the main crop. The result showed that the growth character of MRS on plant height, stem diameter, blade-leaf size, root volume was significantly higher than that of CR. Furthermore, the yield component and yield were also significantly higher in MRS than CR. The CR yielded about 56.9 and 10.8 % of the main crops for R1 and CR2, respectively, whereas MRS yielded 121.0 and 93.8% of the main crops for MRS1 and MRS2, respectively. This finding could be a scientifically proven of local wisdom “Salibu” indigenous knowledge in Tanah Datar District of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Therefore, MRS could be recommended for suitable varieties and environmental conditions as the sustainable farming alternative to increase Cropping Index while still reaching high productivity.
The City of the Lady: Sienese Civic Identity and the Virgin in Early Renaissance Art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the course of the Renaissance, Siena’s artistic output remained visually and thematically rooted in the iconic Byzantine style, and for this it was long dismissed as stagnant in the light of developments in Florence and Rome. In this essay, I will draw on Diana Norman’s seminal research, focusing not on the alleged “conservatism” of this artistic output but on the rich ways Marian imagery in Siena permeates both religion and politics and the way in which these spheres overlap to create a strong sense of Sienese civic identity. An attitude of devotion in our own personal lives inspired by the Sienese would undoubtedly, this author believes, begin to mitigate the impact of the current toxically divided political atmosphere in our own lives; this civic devotion is the endeavor to live under the Virgin’s admonition towards “good counsel” and Christ’s words of care for the least of these, investing every area of our lives with acts of and promptings toward devotion.
Computer-aided design of electrical energy systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electrical energy systems (EESs) include energy generation, distribution, storage, and consumption, and involve many diverse components and sub-systems to implement these tasks. This paper represents a first step towards the computer-aided design for EESs, encompassing modeling, simulation, design and optimization of these systems. CAD for EESs is a challenging task that mandates a multidisciplinary and heterogeneous approach. We identify similarities and differences between electrical energy systems and electronics systems in order to inherit as much as possible the profound legacy resources of electronic design automation (EDA). We introduce fundamental concepts, from the general problem formulation to the development and deployment of efficient, scalable, and versatile CAD and EDA methods and framework for the optimal or near-optimal EESs.
Friends of Ireland: early O’Connellism in Lower Canada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In September 1828, societies of the ‘Friends of Ireland’ were founded throughout the United States and British North America for the purpose of raising funds and disseminating propaganda in support of the O’Connellite campaign for Catholic emancipation. In March 1831, the societies were briefly revived to agitate for repeal of the Union. The first Irish diasporic social movement to appear in Britain’s overseas empire, the British North American Friends of Ireland enjoyed greatest support in French-speaking Lower Canada, where for a time sympathetic local patriotes perceived a common cause with their new Irish neighbours. This article explores the transatlantic reciprocal interactions, cross-ethnic alliances and regional distinctions which characterised early O’Connellism in Lower Canada. It follows its initial successes to its virtual collapse in the early 1830s, as an increasingly polarised Lower Canada slid towards rebellion. Comparisons are employed with similar agitation elsewhere in British North America, in the United States, and in Ireland. It is argued that instrumentalist explanations for Irish diasporic nationalism, typically drawn from studies of post-famine Irish-America, do not convincingly account for the appearance and form of O’Connellite nationalism in British North America.
Briefe an Heinrich Bullinger im Blick auf Entstehung, Abfassung und Rezeption der "Confessio Raetica" (1552/53)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Raetian Confession of 1552/53 took shape during the Reformation in the context of Italian emigration to Grisons. The synod was obliged to write a binding order due to debates with the Italian non-conformists. Philipp Gallicius regularly consulted Heinrich Bullinger as he wrote the order. A hitherto forgotten letter from Gallicius to Heinrich Bullinger that is occasionally even considered to be fictitious, in addition to other important letters written between 1522 and 1552, shed new light on the formation, writing, and reception of the Raetian Confession, and challenges previous research conclusions.
Informal Dementia Caregivers: Current Technology Use and Acceptance of Technology in Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

(1) Background: Given the increased social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the challenges faced by informal dementia caregivers have increased. An increasing use of technology, both in care and dementia clinical trials, depends upon caregivers’ abilities as a user. Accordingly, the aim of our study was to verify the current technology (smartphone and computer) use and acceptance in care, regarding socio-demographic variables; (2) Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to 102 dementia caregivers, mostly of patients with moderate dementia; (3) Results: The majority of participants were women (63%), and large number of them used technological devices such as a smartphone (91%) or computer (81%). Results revealed differences between age, gender, and education level on technology acceptance. Interestingly, smartphone use and acceptance seemed to be feasible, regardless of age, whereas computer use was negatively correlated with age. Technology was perceived by respondents as most useful for patients’ activities including locomotion, toileting, and meals; (4) Conclusions: The future of technology use in dementia care should indicate solutions tailored to individual characteristics such as new technology solutions (GPS trackers, smartphone apps, dietary intervention, and meal planning apps).
An Efficient and Mild Strecker-Type Reaction of Nitrones Catalyzed by MgI2 Etherate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An efficient Strecker-type reaction of nitrones with TMSCN catalyzed by MgI2 etherate has been achieved in a short time under mild condition. The condensations of aromatic nitrones, heterocylic nitrones and aliphatic nitrones with TMSCN are carried out in good to excellent yields. Further dehydration of α-cyanohydroxylamine smoothly produced the α-imine nitrile in good yields by hydrolysis with treatment of 2.0 mol/L HCl in methanol.
The Costs of Hiring and Separations

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this article, we estimate the costs of hiring, separation, and retirement of employees for a representative sample of French establishments in 1992. The estimates are computed using data from three sources: the Wage Structure Survey (ESS), the Workforce Movement Questionnaire (DMMO), and the Occupational Structure Survey (ESE). We show that the estimated costs are generally asymmetric (hiring is cheaper than terminations), increasing, and concave functions of the number of entries or exits (either retirements or terminations). There is a fixed component to each of these costs that is related to the structure of the firm's personnel department. Our estimates imply that firms should not adjust gradually to the desired level of employment.
EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE OF HORIZONTAL REFRACTION BY NONLINEAR INTERNAL WAVES OF ELEVATION IN SHALLOW WATER IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA: 3D VERSUS Nx2D ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION MODELING

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A joint Taiwanese-U.S. field experiment was conducted in the South China Sea (SCS), entitled the South China Sea Oceanic Processes Experiment (Taiwan)/Non-Linear Internal Waves Initiative (US) (SCOPE/NLIWI), the ocean acoustics portion of which occurred during April 12–22, 2007. The acoustics objective was to quantify the temporal and spatial variability in acoustic propagation characteristics on the continental shelf in the presence of locally-generated and trans-basin nonlinear internal waves (NLIW). Broadband (400 Hz center frequency) m-sequence signals transmitted nearly continuously by a source moored near the seabed were received by vertical line arrays at 3 and 6 km range. The acoustic transect was oriented approximately parallel to the wave fronts of the shoaling trans-basin NLIW's which had crossed the deep basin from their origin in the Luzon Strait. The acoustic propagation variability due to strong vertical and horizontal refraction induced by the very large NLIW's creates an extremely complex acoustic field as a function of time and space. Experimental data and numerical acoustic propagation modeling results are presented to (1) examine and estimate the contribution of internal wave induced horizontal refraction to the received acoustic field; and (2) to quantify the range of propagation angles relative to the internal wave fronts within which strong horizontal refraction occurs and 3D propagation models are required to accurately predict the range- and depth-dependent acoustic propagation.
Influence of Genes Associated with the Main Histocompatibility Complex on Deoxyribonucleic Acid Excision Repair Capacity and Bleomycin Sensitivity in Mouse Lymphocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In sets of mice congenic at H‐2 and upon two backgrounds, and selected according to known differences in strain‐specific lifespans, DNA repair efficiency in spleen cells was compared by two techniques: excision repair capacity following UV‐irradiation, and bleomycin sensitivity. Significant differences between certain congenic partner sets were noted with both techniques, suggesting that the main histocompatibility complex influences DNA repair capacity.
Implementing middleware for content filtering and information flow control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a middleware guard for purposes of content filtering and information flow control in the Multiple Independent Levels of Security (MILS) architecture. The MILS initiative is a joint research effort between academia, industry, and government to develop and implement a high assurance real-time architecture for embedded systems. The MILS architecture incorporates a separation kernel with formal system security policies that are evaluatable, non-bypassable, tamper-proof, and always invoked. Vendor specific high-level applications are assumed to be untrustworthy components; information flow control needs to be performed by middleware entities external to the applications.In the MILS architecture, a MILS Message Router and guards are placed between communicating entities to act as message content filters and enforce information flow control. As the MILS architecture does not restrict the protocols that can be employed for communications between applications, a distinct guard is needed for filtering messages within each protocol. Incorporating protocol specific guards in MILS embedded systems aids in the formal certification of those systems or the high-assurance safety critical formally-proven applications. The guards enable formally-proven security policies that guarantee information flow control, data isolation, predictable process control, damage limitation, and resource availability. An example is provided using a multi-level secure file server that uses a GIOP guard for fine-grained access control. The inclusion of a GIOP guard reduces the complexity and the effort necessary for system certification.