jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mushroom body defect , a gene involved in the control of neuroblast proliferation in Drosophila , encodes a coiled–coil protein

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neurogenesis relies on the establishment of the proper number and precisely controlled proliferation of neuroblasts, the neuronal precursor cells. A role for the mushroom body defect ( mud ) gene in both of these aspects of neuroblast behavior, as well as possible roles in other aspects of fruit fly biology, is implied by phenotypes associated with mud mutations. We have localized mud by determining the sequence change in one point mutant, identifying a predicted ORF affected by the mutation, and showing that an appropriate segment of the genome rescues mud mutant phenotypes. An analysis of mud cDNAs and a survey of mud transcripts by Northern blotting indicate that the gene is subject to differential splicing and is expressed primarily during embryogenesis but also, at lower levels, during subsequent developmental stages in a sexually dimorphic manner. The gene is predicted to encode a polypeptide without obvious homologs but with two prominent structural features, a long coiled coil that constitutes the central core of the protein and a carboxyl-terminal transmembrane domain.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension caused by coadministration of dasatinib and voriconazole: A case report and literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rationale: It has been demonstrated that azole antifungal agents can significantly increase the plasma concentration of dasatinib. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the dasatinib dose to 20 to 40 mg daily for patients receiving voriconazole. However, the safety of coadministering dasatinib and voriconazole remains unclear. Patient concerns: A 49-year-old woman with Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis reported dyspnea during therapy with reduced-dose dasatinib and standard-dose voriconazole. Diagnoses: Echocardiography revealed pleural effusion and a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg, suggesting pulmonary arterial hypertension. Interventions: Dasatinib was discontinued and flumatinib was initiated. Outcomes: The patient’s mean pulmonary arterial pressure was monitored and gradually normalized. Lessons: Despite recommendations to reduce the dasatinib dose to 20 to 40 mg daily for patients on voriconazole, the enhanced effect of dasatinib due to voriconazole coadministration may contribute to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Regular echocardiography follow-up is essential for patients concurrently taking azole antifungal agents.
On the failure behaviour to striking bow penetration of impacted marine-steel structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Demands for water transportation modes are continuously increasing as rapid economic and industrial growths in the recent decade. Ship as representative of the water transportation is generally needed to carry various products from one location to another. Besides as product carrier, ship also acts as public facility to transport human across islands for number of reasons, such as tourism and vehicle. Considering its importance, structural damage due to accidental loads or so-called impact can cause unacceptable casualties which threat ship passenger, shipping industry and maritime environment in same time. The most frequent impact phenomena occur in forms of collision and grounding, which are targeting side structure and double bottom consecutively. However, since responses of the impacts on structure are highly nonlinear and vary due to development of ship structures, sustainable analysis as an update of pioneer calculation can be beneficial as rational reference for improving safety and navigational instruments. This work aims to assess failures of the side structures subjected to penetration of striking bow in ship-ship collision scenario. Locations of impact are idealized to happen on after-end, midsection and fore-end to provide complete assessment. Striking bow is to be deployed by varying input velocity to observe significance of the fractures on the side structure. This configuration is implemented on the designed collision scenario, and later calculated using nonlinear finite element method (NLFEM). Summary of the solution indicated that the midsection produced the highest resistance against side collision. Breaching of the inner shell was successfully avoided on the fore-end, but the critical damage to the cargo was observed during bow penetration to the after-end region. This location was recommended to be added by longitudinal framing to increase its resistance against ship collision.
Biasing moral decisions by exploiting the dynamics of eye gaze

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Significance Where people look generally reflects and reveals their moment-by-moment thought processes. This study introduces an experimental method whereby participants’ eye gaze is monitored and information about their gaze is used to change the timing of their decisions. Answers to difficult moral questions such as “Is murder justifiable?” can be influenced toward random alternatives based on looking patterns alone. We do this without presenting different arguments or response frames, as in other techniques of persuasion. Thus, the process of arriving at a moral decision is not only reflected in a participant’s eye gaze but can also be determined by it.
Development of biotrandcusers driven by photostimulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

As the efficient force transducer, the muscle-powered microactuator driven by converting biochemical energy to mechanical force would also save energy, resources and space. This paper reports a novel engineered biotransducers using the photosensitive muscle tissue by a genetic modification, expression a light-gated ion channel, channelrhodopsin (ChR). It was demonstrated that optical signal converted into bioelectrical signal, and was able to control the muscle contraction with a given temporal pattern.
Evaluating the Relationship between FRET Changes and Distance Changes Using DNA Length and Restriction Enzyme Specificity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer) involves the transfer of energy from an excited donor fluorophore to an acceptor molecule in a manner that is dependent on the distance between the two. A biochemistry laboratory experiment is described that teaches students how to use FRET to evaluate distance changes in biological molecules. Students measured the apparent FRET between donor and acceptor fluorophores located on the ends of several DNAs of unknown lengths, enabling them to order the DNAs according to size. In addition, students investigated site-specific DNA cleavage by restriction endonucleases, using loss of apparent FRET to determine which enzyme cut sites were present in each of the DNAs. After completing this experiment, students understood the inverse relationship between changes in FRET and changes in distance, and understood how changes in FRET could be used to monitor a conformational change in a molecule. As an extension to the experiment, a tutorial is included that uses the same DNAs to illustrate the ability of single-molecule FRET measurements to resolve heterogeneity in a sample, which cannot be done via more traditional ensemble measurements.
Gelatin/EGDE Ultrafine Composite Fibers Reinforced with 3D Spacer Fabric as Bicomponent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Protein-based ultrafine fibrous scaffolds can mimic the native extracellular matrices (ECMs) with regard to the morphology and chemical composition but suffer from poor mechanical and wet stability. As a result, cells cannot get a true three-dimensional (3D) environment as they find in native ECMs. In this study, an epoxide, ethylene glycol diglycidylether (EGDE), with high reactivity to active hydrogen is introduced to gelatin solution, serving as an effective cross-linker. The gelatin/EGDE 3D-ultrafine (∼500 nm in diameter) fibrous composite scaffolds are made by an ultralow-concentration phase separation technique (ULCPS). The effects of the polymer content and modification conditions on the morphology and wet stability of the constructs are investigated. It is revealed that ultrafine fibers with 3D random orientation could be formed at low concentrations (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 wt %, respectively). The wet stability of the constructs could be effectively improved by introducing EGDE into the gelatin system. The shrinkage is reduced to merely 2.14% after the modification at 120 °C for 2 h and could be maintained for up to 3 days. In order to improve the compression properties, the same technique is utilized with the presence of a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) spacer fabric to produce a bicomponent scaffold. The mechanical property and cell viability of the bicomponent scaffolds are investigated, and it is found that cells could enter deep inside and orient themselves randomly at the central area of the bicomponent scaffold. The modification and design approach presented in this study has the potential to provide various protein-based ultrafine fibrous biomaterials for a variety of biomedical applications.
Melatonin in male and female fertility

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Melatonin, a hormone synthesized mainly by the pineal gland, has been found in extra-pineal organs as well. It’s known as an organizer of circadian rhythms and more recently as an anti-oxidant. In addition to its role in maintaining immunity, pathophysiology of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, and as an anti-cancer agent, evidence has demonstrated that melatonin exerts a positive impact on male and female fertility primarily through oxygen scavenging effects. In In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) programs, supplementation of melatonin may be associated with better outcomes in terms of sperm quality, oocyte quality, embryo quality and pregnancy rates. This review summarizes various actions of melatonin on the body focusing on male and female fecundity.
Environmental Law and Green Marketing: Perspectives for Sustainable Consumption

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between environmental law and green marketing, exploring its perspectives for sustainable consumption. Methodology: The research adopted a qualitative descriptive approach, with a sample made up of 15 professionals in the areas of environmental law and marketing. Results: Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews, and data analysis followed the content analysis technique. The results indicated that, although companies are increasingly paying attention to sustainability and green marketing, they still face significant challenges, such as internal resistance, the cost of adaptation and the practice of greenwashing. Furthermore, environmental regulation has proven essential to guarantee transparency in business actions. Conclusion: The conclusion points out that, to promote sustainable consumption, a joint effort between governments, companies and consumers is necessary, with an emphasis on environmental education and transparency in business practices, in addition to strengthening environmental legislation.
Long-term changes in corneal endothelial morphology following wounding in the cat.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cat eye was used to determine the long-term morphological changes in the corneal endothelium that occur after central endothelial wounding. Central corneal thickness was measured using ultrasonic pachometry. Specular microscopy and computer-assisted morphometry was used to quantify central and peripheral endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (COV) and the mean and standard deviation of the shape factor (S) over an 18-month period. After endothelial wounding, there was a rapid increase in corneal thickness followed by a rapid nonlinear decline, reaching presurgical levels 35 days after wounding. Central cell density had decreased by 25% at 4 weeks after wounding. During the following 18 months, endothelial cell density in the central cornea increased slightly. The coefficient of variation had increased by 60% at 4 weeks after wounding. This recovered slowly and had reached control levels by 18 months. The mean shape factor was higher in the wounded eye throughout the 18 months, whereas the standard deviation of the shape factor recovered after 12 months. Peripheral ECD had decreased significantly by 12 months after wounding, while COV and the mean shape factor was not significantly affected. The standard deviation of the shape factor had also increased significantly in the peripheral cornea after 18 months. These findings suggest that following endothelial wounding in the cat, changes in endothelial morphology occur over the entire cornea. Endothelial cell density and the shape factor have not recovered to control values, even 18 months after wounding. This pattern of endothelial repair supports the mechanisms of cell movement suggested by Honda et al and confirm the similarities in endothelial response between cat and man.
Genomic Privacy (Dagstuhl Seminar 15431)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 15431 "Genomic Privacy". The current rise of personalized medicine is based on increasing affordability and availability of individual genome sequencing. Impressive recent advances in genome sequencing have ushered a variety of revolutionary applications in modern healthcare and epidemiology. In particular, better understanding of the human genome as well as its relationship to diseases and response to treatments promise improvements in preventive and personalized healthcare. However, because of the human genome's highly sensitive nature, this progress raises important privacy and ethical concerns, which simply cannot be ignored. A digitized genome represents one of the most sensitive types of human (personal) identification data. Even worse, a genome contains information about its owner’s close relatives. The Dagstuhl seminar 15431 brought together computer scientists, bioinformaticians, geneticists and ethical experts to discuss the key security and privacy challenges imposed by the storage of large volumes of genetic data.
Abstract 3D-rotation groups and recognition of icosahedral modules

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We introduce an abstract notion of a 3D-rotation module for a group $G$ that does not require the module to carry a vector space structure, a priori nor a posteriori. We prove that, under an expected irreducibility-like assumption, the only finite $G$ with such a module are those already known from the classical setting: $\operatorname{Alt}(4)$, $\operatorname{Sym}(4)$, and $\operatorname{Alt}(5)$. Our main result then studies the module structure when $G = \operatorname{Alt}(5)$ and shows that, under certain natural restrictions, it is fully determined and generalizes that of the classical icosahedral module. We include an application to the recently introduced setting of modules with an additive dimension, a general setting allowing for simultaneous treatment of classical representation theory of finite groups as well as representations within various well-behaved model-theoretic settings such as the $o$-minimal and finite Morley rank ones. Leveraging our recognition result for icosahedral modules, we classify the faithful $\operatorname{Alt}(5)$-modules with additive dimension that are dim-connected of dimension $3$ and without $2$-torsion.
Knowledge and risk factors for foot-and-mouth disease among small-scale dairy farmers in an endemic setting

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral infection of cloven-hoofed animals. In Kenya, the disease is endemic with outbreaks typically occurring throughout the year. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Nakuru County to investigate farmer knowledge and risk factors for clinical disease. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on 220 smallholder farmers, selected using random spatial sampling. The majority of respondents (207/220 [94.1%]) knew of FMD and 166/207 (80.2%) of them could correctly identify the disease based on their knowledge of the clinical signs. Forty-five out of 220 farmers (20.4%) vaccinated their livestock against FMD in the previous 6 months, although of those who knew of FMD only 96/207 (46.4%) perceived it as a preventive measure undertaken to reduce the risk of disease in their farm. FMD had occurred in 5.9% of the surveyed farms within the previous 6 months (from May to November 2016). Using multivariate analysis, the use of a shared bull (OR = 9.7; p = 0.014) and the number of sheep owned (for each additional sheep owned OR = 1.1; p = 0.066) were associated with an increased likelihood of a farm experiencing a case of FMD in the previous 6 months, although the evidence for the latter was weak. This study reports risk factors associated with clinical FMD at the farm level in a densely populated smallholder farming area of Kenya. These results can be used to inform the development of risk-based strategic plans for FMD control and as a baseline for evaluating interventions and control strategies.
What a patient needs to know about the virus human papillomas and cervical cancer?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

According to experts of the World Health Organization, cervical cancer is the only cancer that can be completely prevented through the introduction of mass screening and educational information in the population. One of the activities of the obstetrician-gynecologist is the conduct of health education. However, for a variety of reasons, a practical doctor may have difficulty preparing for informational and educational meetings with patients. Aim. To prepare a clinical lecture for the obstetrician-gynecologist, which can be used in educational work with the population on the prevention of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer. Materials and methods. The information material includes data from foreign and domestic scientific articles available at PubMed on this topic and published over the past 10 years. Results. A systematic analysis of the data contained in the modern literature on human papillomavirus, human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer has been carried out. Information is presented on the prevalence of diseases, diagnostic methods, and features of the course of human papillomavirus infection, the role of human papillomavirus in the development of cervical cancer. Attention is drawn to the importance of preventive examinations. Part of the information is presented in the form of answers to patients questions, which makes the information presented especially memorable. Conclusion. It is hoped that the prepared lecture will be useful for the educational work of the obstetrician-gynecologist and will increase the educational information of the population on the prevention of cervical cancer.
Emulsion Copolymerization of Polyangelicalactone with Styrene

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For the first time emulsion polymerization of polyangelicalactone with styrene was carried out. Block copolymers with a molecular weight of 40000-1000000 and containing 5-40 wt. % of styrene were prepared. Polymerization rate constants were evaluated. Mechanical properties were evaluated after the copolymers were cured. The cured block copolymers satisfy the basic requirements for high impact polystyrene, and they are biodegradable
Cellular multi-core fusion-tracking system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel real-time signal processing device has been designed and implemented for improved target feature extraction, discrimination, and tracking. The device utilizes a unique combination of advanced signal processing techniques for multi-spectral fusion and image analysis. It incorporates state-of-the-art algorithm and the associated electronics to combine the functions of a multi-spectral fusion (MSF) engine and a multi-target tracking and discrimination (MTTD) engine. The resulting compact MSF-MTTD system, currently is capable of processing image flows from two external sensors (e.g. infrared and visible) by utilizing the processing power of massively parallel cellular nonlinear processor architectures at different levels of processing. Within this framework topographic data fusion (Stage 1) is followed by parallel feature extraction (Stage 2) and the analysis, tracking and discrimination (Stage 3) of multiple targets at ultra-high frame rates (>1000 fps). The compact (<2in ¿ 3) light-weight (<25 g), low-power (<5 W for the entire system) prototype of the multi-core MSF-MTTD engine and system has been implemented on high-end FPGAs and will be described in this paper.
Educational Games

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The market favors the best-selling computer games regardless of their social and educational effects. This chapter will discuss the present trends in educational games development, technologies related to them as well as their features, through representative examples of games used for education with respect to pedagogical, business, and social aspects. Benefits and limitations of introducing games in education will be pointed out. Computer games for the disabled along with their pedagogical and social effects will be presented. Recent research results on the implementation of video games in schools and educational game evaluation will be presented in the chapter, based on the experience in the development, implementation, and evaluation of several interactive e-learning educational exercises, as well as in the development and validation of several innovative computer games for the visually impaired.
Beyond the double blind spot: Relocating communist women as transgressive subjects in contemporary historiography

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This article identifies a specific historiographical gap obfuscating communist women, namely, a ‘double blind spot’ rooted in the combined effect of the scant consideration of women in histories of communism and of communist activists in accounts of the women's movement. It traces this pattern of invisibilisation back to the paradigm of communist women's ‘instrumentalisation’ and to the resulting paradox of an ‘activism without agency’. The article then provides a critique of this received image; first, through an analysis of emerging scholarship on the female communist experience; second, through recourse to actors’ own perspective on the rapport between communism and feminism and the possibilities of ‘double militancy’, drawn from sources of the post‐1968 Italian context. It closes with an argument for relocating communist women as an unexpectedly transgressive subject of twentieth‐century history.
Implementation of an Online Distance Mentoring System

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The individualized mentoring is a process unexploited and problematic in Greece because of its high operational cost and the lack of specialized scientists. In general practice though, it is considered as the most effective means in order to support a person and guide him/her at the crucial and important decisions of his/her life. More than ever, through the immense technological advancements, online distance mentoring has evolved as a clearly anthropocentric method, having that is, as center of its interest, the person and his/her personal needs as opposed to the mere execution of a predetermined training program. The present study explores and analyses the issues related to electronic distance mentoring of young persons in the framework of professional orientation, business spirit development, personal training and psychological support. The particularity of this project stems from the application of advanced videoconference systems that eliminated the need for people transfer, bridged geographical distances, improved interaction considerably and reduced the response time of intervention.