jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Expression of PDGFR-β in colorectal cancer stroma and its relationship with lymphangiogenesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To test the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-β(PDGFR-β) in colorectal cancer stroma,and evaluate its relationship with lymphangiogenesis.Methods Immunohistochemistry SP method was used to detect the expression of PDGFR-β in 90 patients with colorectal cancer and 20 normal tissues.Marked by D2-40,lymphatic microvessel density(LMVD) was counted.The relationship between the expression of PDGFR-β and LMVD,clinicopathologic factors were analyzed.Results The expression of PDGFR-β and LMVD were found significantly higher in colorectal cancer stroma than those in normal tissues surrounding tumors(P0.05);Higher LMVD was found in groups with lymph node metastasis than that in groups without lymphnode metastasis(P0.05),higher LMVD was also found in colorectal cancer with positive PDGFR-β expression than that with corresponding negative expression.PDGFR-β expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis(P0.05).Conclusion The expression of PDGFR-β in colorectal cancer stroma was closely correlated with lymphangiogenesis and which can promote lymph node metastasis.
Insect reinfestation problems in fumigated maize on the Kenya coast

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bagged maize stored in large stacks on the Kenya coast is subject to reinvasion by stored-products pests following successful fumigation with methylbromide, and treatment of the stack surfaces with insecticidal sprays has been unsatisfactory in preventing reinfestation. Further tests are described of different methods of applying insecticides to small experimental stacks, each composed of ten 200-lb. bags of maize, exposed within a warehouse, after fumigation, to reinfestation from a large bulk of maize heavily infested with Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.). Populations of adults and pre-adult stages of T. castaneum were recorded from samples of grain obtained by a sampling spear from each bag at intervals. In the first of two experiments, single applications of malathion in a spray at 100 and 150 mg. per sq. ft. to the entire external surface of each bag during the construction of the stack did not give good control of reinfestation in the six months after fumigation, but were not significantly worse, respectively, than a dust containing 1 per cent. lindane similarly applied to the upper surface of each bag and, four weeks later, to the outside of the stack at the rates of 3 and 6 oz. per bag. When the malathion treatments were followed by 24, 12 or 8 applications, at intervals of 1, 2 or 3 weeks, respectively, of sprays containing malathion to give 100 and 150 mg. per sq. ft. over the whole external surface of the stack, good control of T. castaneum was obtained with all treatments. Mean residues of malathion in the outer inch of maize in the bags six months after the start of the experiment varied from 3 to about 19 p.p.m., according to treatment, suggesting that little penetrated through the bag wall and that after thorough mixing of the grain before use the malathion content would not exceed the permissible limit. In the second experiment, an admixture of malathion dust with the maize before bagging to give 8 p.p.m. active ingredient gave almost complete control of larvae and pupae, and application of 3 oz. 0·5 per cent, malathion dust, or a spray affording 400 mg. malathion per sq. ft., to the upper surface of each bag during stacking gave highly significant reductions in numbers of T. castaneum in the pre-adult stages. The last of these treatments, followed, after fumigation, by malathion applied in a spray at 150 mg. per sq. ft. every three weeks to the external surfaces of the stack, is recommended for large-scale trial.
Low temperature performance of lithium/silver vanadium oxide cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Lithium/silver vanadium oxide cells for low temperature applications have been developed. Prismatic and spirally wound AA cells were tested under constant load discharge of 0.3 to 1.8 amps or pulse discharge of 0.225 or 1.0 amps at temperatures from -40 to 25 degrees C. At -40 degrees C with current densities of 2.5 mA/cm/sup 2/, 23% of theoretical capacity was achieved under constant load discharge and 40% of theoretical capacity was achieved under pulse test. Self-discharge estimates of 0.7% per year at 25 degrees C were obtained from microcalorimetry. Preliminary safety testing of the cells revealed no violent performance under short circuit or crush tests.< >
More than Follow the Leader: Expectations, Behaviors, Stability, and Change in a Co-Created Leadership Process

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This conceptual paper challenges assumptions about the primacy of leaders and leading over followers and following in the leadership process. Leadership cannot be holistically understood unless followership and leadership are researched as they are enacted—in tandem. To move toward a more complete understanding of leadership, we introduce a leadership system which involves a co-created leadership process, unfolds over time, and accounts for stability and change in partners’ expectations and behaviors. Drawing on role theory and implicit leadership (ILTs) and followership (IFTs) theories, we suggest how expectations of self and other influence leading and following behaviors and the leadership process. Personal learning acquired through the experience of leadership results in stability or change in one’s future expectations. Our framework explains how stability and change in each dyad partners’ leadership and followership expectations comes about through constructionist and constructivist mechanisms. These mechanisms occur across two timelines: The first is the microadjustments made to expectations and behaviors within a particular leadership occurrence. The second is the loop between personal learning and the expectations each member carries into future leadership occurrences and relationships. Practical implications arising from this new framework include considerations for leadership and followership development and a contribution to leadership forecasting.
Class A1 scavenger receptors mediated macrophages in impaired intestinal barrier of inflammatory bowel disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: This study was to investigate the cytokines and phenotype of macrophages pre-treated with class A1 scavenger receptor (SR-A1) antibody in vitro and the influence on apoptotic pathway of colonic epithelial cells, and to explore the role of SR-A1 mediated macrophages in impaired intestinal barrier of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). METHODS: Mouse macrophage RAW264.7 was pre-treated with SR-A1 antibody in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Transwell system was employed for co-culture of RAW264.7 and Caco-2 in the presence of LPS and IFN-γ, with or without SR-A1 antibody pre-treatment. The percentage of F4/80(+)CD11c(+) macrophages, apoptosis rate of Caco-2 cells, and expression of apoptosis and tight junction proteins in Caco-2 cells was determined. RESULTS: Pre-treatment with SR-A1 antibody up-regulated IL-10 expression in RAW264.7, whereas down-regulated the expression of TNF and iNOS. Immunofluorescence staining indicated the upregulation of NF-κB p-p56 after LPS stimulation was significantly inhibited in the presence of SR-A1 antibody. The increase in p-JNK expression was inhibited by SR-A1 antibody. Transwell assay showed the percentage of F4/80(+)CD11c(+) macrophages and apoptotic Caco-2 cells increased after treatment with LPS and IFN-γ, which could be reversed in the presence of SR-A1 antibody. The induction of cleaved caspase-3 and claudin-1 in Caco-2 cells was also suppressed when SR-A1 antibody pre-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-treatment with SR-A1 antibody can inhibit inflammatory response in LPS-induced macrophages in a NF-κB dependent manner. Pre-treatment with SR-A1 antibody also inhibits M1 phenotype expression of macrophages, and attenuates the pro-apoptotic effect on colonic epithelial cells and disruption of intestinal barrier integrity induced by macrophages.
ChemGAPP: a tool for chemical genomics analysis and phenotypic profiling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Motivation High-throughput chemical genomic screens produce informative datasets, providing valuable insights into unknown gene function on a genome-wide level. However, there is currently no comprehensive analytic package publicly available. We developed ChemGAPP to bridge this gap. ChemGAPP integrates various steps in a streamlined and user-friendly format, including rigorous quality control measures to curate screening data. Results ChemGAPP provides three sub-packages for different chemical-genomic screens: ChemGAPP Big for large-scale screens; ChemGAPP Small for small-scale screens; and ChemGAPP GI for genetic interaction screens. ChemGAPP Big, tested against the Escherichiacoli KEIO collection, revealed reliable fitness scores which displayed biologically relevant phenotypes. ChemGAPP Small demonstrated significant changes in phenotype in a small-scale screen. ChemGAPP GI was benchmarked against three sets of genes with known epistasis types and successfully reproduced each interaction type. Availability and implementation ChemGAPP is available at https://github.com/HannahMDoherty/ChemGAPP, as a standalone Python package as well as Streamlit applications.
MIF-Modulated Spinal Proteins Associated with Persistent Bladder Pain: A Proteomics Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bladder pain is a prominent symptom in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS). We studied spinal mechanisms of bladder pain in mice using a model where repeated activation of intravesical Protease Activated Receptor-4 (PAR4) results in persistent bladder hyperalgesia (BHA) with little or no bladder inflammation. Persistent BHA is mediated by spinal macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and is associated with changes in lumbosacral proteomics. We investigated the contribution of individual spinal MIF receptors to persistent bladder pain as well as the spinal proteomics changes associated with relief of persistent BHA by spinal MIF antagonism. Female mice with persistent BHA received either intrathecal (i.t.) MIF monoclonal antibodies (mAb) or mouse IgG1 (isotype control antibody). MIF antagonism temporarily reversed persistent BHA (peak effect: 2 h), while control IgG1 had no effect. Moreover, i.t. antagonism of the MIF receptors CD74 and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) partially reversed persistent BHA. For proteomics experiments, four separate groups of mice received either repeated intravesical scrambled peptide and sham i.t. injection (control, no pain group) or repeated intravesical PAR4 and: sham i.t.; isotype IgG1 i.t. (15 μg); or MIF mAb (15 μg). L6-S1 spinal segments were excised 2 h post-injection and examined for proteomics changes using LC-MS/MS. Unbiased proteomics analysis identified and relatively quantified 6739 proteins. We selected proteins that showed significant changes compared to control (no pain group) after intravesical PAR4 (sham or IgG i.t. treatment) and showed no significant change after i.t. MIF antagonism. Six proteins decreased during persistent BHA (V-set transmembrane domain-containing protein 2-like confirmed by immunohistochemistry), while two proteins increased. Spinal MIF antagonism reversed protein changes. Therefore, spinal MIF and MIF receptors mediate persistent BHA and changes in specific spinal proteins. These novel MIF-modulated spinal proteins represent possible new targets to disrupt spinal mechanisms that mediate persistent bladder pain.
Influence of unheated rooms on thermal comfort and energy efficiency of adjacent premises

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The research was conducted for three types of houses, including a panel house built before 1991, a brick house built in 2006, and a brick house built in 2022. It was established that the temperature difference, which is decisive when assessing the sanitary and hygienic condition of the premises, does not exceed the normative values for buildings built after 2006. In the building since 1991, the sanitary and hygienic indicators of the heated room deteriorate when the outside air temperature drops below −3 °C. At the same time, the fulfillment of the first condition of comfort in the room occurs at indoor air temperatures higher than the standard value, therefore, under the calculated conditions, residents feel discomfort when staying in such a room.
Factor VIII: the protein, cloning its gene, synthetic factor and now – 35 years later – gene therapy; what happened in between?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary The foundation of haemophilia A therapy in the last 35 years has been critically dependent on isolation of the Factor VIII (FVIII) protein and discovery of the cDNA sequence of the FVIII gene, published in 1984. Identification of the FVIII sequence resulted in a new era of recombinant concentrates and led to significant improvements in safety, set against the tragedy of widespread HIV and hepatitis infections in haemophilia patients from contaminated plasma‐based products. We chronicle the scientific methods and race leading up to the publication of the FVIII DNA sequence and the legacy that follows through to revolutionary gene therapy treatment in clinical trials today.
MagFace: A Universal Representation for Face Recognition and Quality Assessment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The performance of face recognition system degrades when the variability of the acquired faces increases. Prior work alleviates this issue by either monitoring the face quality in pre-processing or predicting the data uncertainty along with the face feature. This paper proposes MagFace, a category of losses that learn a universal feature embedding whose magnitude can measure the quality of the given face. Under the new loss, it can be proven that the magnitude of the feature embedding monotonically increases if the subject is more likely to be recognized. In addition, Mag-Face introduces an adaptive mechanism to learn a well-structured within-class feature distributions by pulling easy samples to class centers while pushing hard samples away. This prevents models from overfitting on noisy low-quality samples and improves face recognition in the wild. Extensive experiments conducted on face recognition, quality assessments as well as clustering demonstrate its superiority over state-of-the-arts. The code is available at https://github.com/IrvingMeng/MagFace.
Addressing the Myths

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Two recent Civil War studies underline the importance of appropriate research and analytical methods in debunking persistent myths. The first example includes the KOCOA analysis of the Blountville battlefield, in which historical accounts, collector interviews, and limited fieldwork led to a significant reconsideration of battle events and a data-based questioning of locally held beliefs. At Resaca, Georgia, research was undertaken over a 37-acre area proposed for the access drive and visitor center for a state battlefield park. The agricultural fields in question were bordered by Interstate 75, and there were indications that the area had undergone extensive relic-hunter activity for more than 30 years. This project addresses the myth of the “hunted out” site.
Strategies for the evolution of sex

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We find that the hypothesis made by Jan, Stauffer and Moseley [Theory in Biosc., 119, 166 (2000)] for the evolution of sex, namely a strategy devised to escape extinction due to too many deleterious mutations, is sufficient but not necessary for the successful evolution of a steady state population of sexual individuals within a finite population. Simply allowing for a finite probability for conversion to sex in each generation also gives rise to a stable sexual population, in the presence of an upper limit on the number of deleterious mutations per individual. For large values of this probability, we find a phase transition to an intermittent, multi-stable regime. On the other hand, in the limit of extremely slow drive, another transition takes place to a different steady state distribution, with fewer deleterious mutations within the asexual population.
Design of rotation speed measurement system for electric submersible pumps based on digital signal processor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to measure the rotation speed of electric submersible pumps(ESP),the vibration detecting system and vibration signal processing method were studied.Digital signal processor(DSP) and three-axis accelerometer act as the core in the vibration detecting system.With the advantage of analyzing in a narrowband with high resolution,Chirp-Z transform was used in spectrum zooming analysis near the base vibration frequency.The test results show that the relative measurement accuracy can reach 0.1%.The experimental results show that this method satisfies the precision and real-time request.This method can be used in many occasions and is of great value to spread.
LHD 9O-BC01-01-NF #183513.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.
Thrombosed aneurysm of the left sinus of Valsalva.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors present the case of a 57-year-old asymptomatic woman, in whom a large left coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm was incidentally diagnosed on a routine echocardiogram in 1998. The case was initially presented to cardiac surgery consultants, and since there were no signs of rupture and the patient was asymptomatic, it was decided to keep her in close clinical and echocardiographic follow-up. Eight years later, and with no clinical manifestation in the meantime, a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) showed that the aneurysm was filled with swirling spontaneous echo contrast ("smoke") overlying a thrombus, which was not detected by transthoracic echocardiography. The patient then underwent surgical treatment with aortic root and aortic valve replacement and coronary reimplantation, with an excellent result. Although the need for early surgical intervention in patients with ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms is well established, the optimal management of an asymptomatic, unruptured aneurysm is less clear, due to the absence of a precise natural history. The follow-up of our patient clearly demonstrated that it is mandatory to assess unruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms by TEE, particularly to exclude thrombotic complications. Such complications are one of the possible paths of the natural history of unruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms, and support the indication for early surgical treatment to avoid future complications.
Association between HCV viral load and genotype among volunteer blood donors in Guangzhou

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Hepatitis C virus(HCV) subtype 6a is one of the predominant subtypes in Guangdong.Compared with other genotypes,the association between HCV 6a and viral load is still not clearly investigated.Methods We collected anti-HCV positive plasma samples from 527 volunteer blood donors who were recruited in Guangzhou blood center from November 2009 to August 2011.Nucleic acid test(NAT) was applied to detect HCV RNA.Samples with HCV RNA positive were subsequently applied to RNA quantification by the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HCV test(CAP/CTM),while HCV genotype was determined by direct sequencing on the NS5B gene.Analysis of the association of viral load and genotype was performed by SPSS 16.0.Results Among the 527 anti-HCV positive samples,299 were successfully quantified and genotyped.The frequencies HCV genotype 1(1a+1b),2(2a),3(3a+3b) and 6(6a) were 48.8%,8.7%,12.4% and 30.1%,respectively.Significant difference in viral loads was found among different genotypes(F=6.675,P0.001).HCV genotype 1 and 6,with mean viral loads of 6.04 and 6.15 log10 IU/ml,had significant higher viral loads than genotype 2 and 3(5.66 and 5.49 log10 IU/ml,respectively).Conclusion HCV 1b and 6a were predominant in volunteer blood donors in Guangdong.The viral loads of donors infected with HCV genotype 1 and 6 were significant higher than those with genotype 2 and 3.The relatively high viral load of HCV 6a may partially explain its epidemic and transmission in Guangdong.The study on the association of HCV genotype and viral load may contribute to the prevention and control of HCV epidemic in Guangdong,as well as the determination of genotype specific treatment plan.
Free Vibrations of Curved and Twisted Thin Plates. Fundamental Theory.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fundamental equations governing free vibrations of curved and twisted thin plates, which are blade models of the advanced turboprop, are presented in this paper. First, exact strain displacement relationships for curved and twisted thin plates are derived based on the thin shell theory. Then, the principle of virtual work of free vibrations is formulated, which is the fundamental equation for establishing numerical procedures to analyze the vibration of the curved and twisted plate, such as the Rayleigh-Ritz method and the finite-element procedure. Since the equations are derived on the basis of shell theory, they are utilized for plates having large initial twist.
RGD Peptide-Modified Dendrimer-Entrapped Gold Nanoparticles Enable Highly Efficient and Specific Gene Delivery to Stem Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We report the use of arginine-glycine-aspartic (Arg-Gly-Asp, RGD) peptide-modified dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles (Au DENPs) for highly efficient and specific gene delivery to stem cells. In this study, generation 5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers modified with RGD via a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) spacer and with PEG monomethyl ether were used as templates to entrap gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The native and the RGD-modified PEGylated dendrimers and the respective well characterized Au DENPs were used as vectors to transfect human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with plasmid DNA (pDNA) carrying both the enhanced green fluorescent protein and the luciferase (pEGFPLuc) reporter genes, as well as pDNA encoding the human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2) gene. We show that all vectors are capable of transfecting the hMSCs with both pDNAs. Gene transfection using pEGFPLuc was demonstrated by quantitative Luc activity assay and qualitative evaluation by fluorescence microscopy. For the transfection with hBMP-2, the gene delivery efficiency was evaluated by monitoring the hBMP-2 concentration and the level of osteogenic differentiation of the hMSCs via alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin secretion, calcium deposition, and von Kossa staining assays. Our results reveal that the stem cell gene delivery efficiency is largely dependent on the composition and the surface functionality of the dendrimer-based vectors. The coexistence of RGD and AuNPs rendered the designed dendrimeric vector with specific stem cell binding ability likely via binding of integrin receptor on the cell surface and improved three-dimensional conformation of dendrimers, which is beneficial for highly efficient and specific stem cell gene delivery applications.