jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
$\infty$-categorical monadicity and descent

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Riehl and Verity have introduced an "$\infty$-cosmic" framework in which they redevelop the category theory of $\infty$-categories using 2-categorical arguments. In this paper, we begin with a self-contained review of the parts of their theory needed to discuss adjunctions and monadicity. This is applied in order to extend to the $\infty$-categorical context the classical criterion for fully faithfulness of the comparison functor induced by an adjunction. We discuss the relation with previous work in the literature---which primarily uses model-categorical techniques---and indicate applications to descent theory.
Body Fat Percentage and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Female Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Body fat percentage is a crucial determinant of physical fitness, particularly cardiorespiratory endurance, commonly assessed through maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max). Excess body fat has been linked to impaired aerobic performance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body fat percentage and VO₂max among female medical students. Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 96 female students aged 18–21 years from the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria included the ability to ambulate independently and a low level of physical activity as determined by the Baecke Questionnaire. Exclusion criteria were balance disorders, physician-diagnosed cardiopulmonary disease, or lower limb injuries. Body fat percentage was estimated using the Relative Fat Mass (RFM) method, and VO₂max was assessed via the Queen’s College Step Test (QCT). Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rho correlation test. Results: Analysis revealed a moderate negative correlation between body fat percentage and VO₂max, which was statistically significant (r = –0.497; p < 0.001). Conclusion: A moderately strong and significant inverse relationship exists between body fat percentage and VO₂max among female medical students. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining an optimal body composition to support cardiorespiratory fitness in young adults.
FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO ENHANCE GASTRIC RESIDENCE TIME

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Gastric emptying is a complex process and one of the most important obstacles in the better absorption and enhances bioavailability of oral drug delivery system. In recent years various scientific and technological advancements have been made in the research and development of oral drug delivery systems to overcoming physiological adversities, such as short gastric residence times (GRT) and unpredictable gastric emptying time (GET). In order to avoid such adversities, efforts have been made to increase the retention time of the drug-delivery systems for more than 12 hour via floating drug delivery system Diverse attempts were being currently used including swelling and expanding system, polymeric bio adhesive systems, modified-shape systems, high density system and other delayed gastric emptying devices. The purpose of this review was to systemize recent approaches on floating drug delivery systems along with the principle mechanism of floatation to acquired gastric retention.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Cognitive Alexithymia Is Associated with the Degree of Risk for Psychosis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Alexithymia is a personality construct denoting emotion processing problems. It has been suggested to encompass two dimensions: a cognitive and affective dimension. The cogni-tive dimension is characterized by difficulties in identifying, verbalizing and analyzing emo-tions, while the affective dimension reflects the level of emotional arousal and imagination. Alexithymia has been previously proposed as a risk factor for developing psychosis. More specifically, the two alexithymia dimensions might be differentially related to the vulnerability for psychosis. Therefore, we examined the two dimensions of alexithymia, measured with the BVAQ in 94 siblings of patients with schizophrenia, 52 subjects at ultra-high risk (UHR) for developing psychosis, 38 patients with schizophrenia and 109 healthy controls. The re-sults revealed that siblings and patients had higher levels of cognitive alexithymia compared to controls. In addition, subjects at UHR for psychosis had even higher levels of cognitive alexithymia compared to the siblings. The levels of affective alexithymia in siblings and pa-tients were equal to controls. However, UHR individuals had significantly lower levels of af-fective alexithymia (i.e. higher levels of emotional arousal and fantasizing) compared to
How Does Temperature Change Affect Residents’ Health? A Multidimensional Health Perspective

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Frequent heatwaves, the heat island effect, and numerous extreme weather events due to climate change and urbanization pose significant risks to public health. We constructed a system of indicators to measure four dimensions of health: physiological, psychological, social, and behavioral. Meanwhile, fixed-effect models were used to analyze data from the three waves (2013–18) across 113 cities in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The findings displayed that both low and high temperatures negatively affect physiological, psychological, social, and behavioral health. Low temperatures had a greater potential to damage human physiological health and incur more medical expenses compared to high temperatures. The elderly were more vulnerable to physiological damage from extreme low temperatures. Excessive alcohol consumption and poor working environments intensified the negative influence of extreme temperatures. Geographical climate variations led to distinct health adaptability to heat and cold among residents of the south and north. In the mechanism test, household income was an effective mediating channel in this effect, which was further certified in rural households. Although installing air conditioning conferred psychological benefits in mitigating the adverse effects of extreme temperatures, its overuse induced physiological disorders. This study broadens health measurement and provides empirical evidence on the health effects of temperature extremes.
HEB plays a critical role in the installment of IL-17 program in fetal thymic γδ T cells (HEM2P.231)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract IL-17 producing γδ T cells that arise during fetal development form an integral part of the immune system of various lymphoid and mucosal tissues in mice. Here we aim to better understand the transcriptional networks that drive the functional programming of IL-17 producing γδ T cells. Specifically, we investigated the role of the transcription factor HEB in this process using mice that carry the HEB null allele. To evaluate the role of HEB in fetal γδ T cell development, we utilized fetal thymic organ culture from HEB+/+ and HEB-/- embryos at E14. We found that the absence of HEB did not have a significant impact on γδ T cell numbers, and that all functional subsets of γδ T cells were present as indicated by expression of CCR6, CD27, CD44 and CD62L. However, the fetal thymic γδ T cells from HEB knockout mice exhibited a profound deficiency in their ability to produce IL-17, especially in the CD44+ γδ T cell population. In addition, HEB-deficient fetal γδ T cells expressed significantly lower levels of SOX13 and RORγt, factors associated with IL-17 producing γδ T cells, while expression of IFNγ, Tbet and Egr3 were unchanged. Furthermore, HEB conditional knockout mice on a Vav-Cre background had significantly lower frequencies of IL-17 producing γδ T cells in the spleen, lymph nodes and lungs. Collectively, our work shows for the first time that HEB plays an important role in installing the IL-17 program in γδ T cells.
A novel MLSA allelic profile ‘A15’ of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides in Niger

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides ( Mmm ) is the aetiological agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). The aim of the present study was to identify the profiles of the Mmm strains isolated in Niger using the ‘Multilocus Sequence Analysis’ (MLSA) typing technique based on polymorphism analysis of housekeeping and non‐coding genes. The investigation was conducted on samples (n=22) comprising of lung tissues, lymph node and pleural fluids. Following classical PCR, Mmm positive amplicons (n=6) were identified. These positive amplicons were then amplified using eight loci of the PG1 reference strain (LocPG1‐0001, Loc‐PG1‐0103, Loc‐PG1‐0287, Loc‐PG1‐0431, Loc‐PG1‐0489, Loc‐PG1‐0523, Loc‐PG1‐0710 and Loc‐PG1‐0827). Sequencing followed by the determination of the profile of each strain by the combination of the allele numbers revealed three different MLSA profiles namely; A11, E01 and A15. The profiles A11 and E01 were previously identified. The novel profile identified in this study was named profile A15. The difference was detected while comparing sequences of non‐coding loci. This novel profile was named ‘A15’ according to the similarities with African reference strain profile ‘A00’ at the seven loci level (loc‐0103, loc‐0287, loc‐0431, loc‐0489, loc‐0523, loc‐0710 and loc‐0827). For CBPP control measures, identification and molecular characterization of Mmm strains is very important. Thus, the use of MLSA technique is relevant to identify profiles of Mmm circulating in Niger. Other countries where CBPP is still endemic are encouraged to use a MLSA scheme to address this issue and, most importantly, to rapidly trace back the origin of outbreaks, which will help reduce the transmission and spread of the disease. In addition, mapping the profiles of strains circulating in each of the countries of the sub‐region is necessary for effective control of CBPP.
Two new species of the genusBubastiaEmeljanov, 1975 from Turkey

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Two new species of the planthopper genus Bubastia Emeljanov, 1975 are described: B. (B.) amasica sp. n. and B. (B.) kelkitica sp. n. Both are closely related to Bubastia (B.) thessalica Dlabola, 1980. Keys for species identification are given. Bubastia (B.) ephialtes (Linnavuori, 1971) is recorded from new localities in Turkey. Key words: IssidaeBubastianew speciesTurkey
Broadband Dual-Phase Plasmons through Metallization of Polymeric Heterojunctions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Large-area dual-phase plasmonic gold nanostructures were produced using the phase-separation pattern of a polymer blend film, where two typical light-emitting polymeric semiconductors of poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) and poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bis-N,N′-(4-butylphenyl)-bis-N,N′-phenyl-1,4 phenylenediamine) (PFB) have been employed to construct the heterojunction patterns. The laser-induced selective cross-linking of F8BT molecules and the subsequent rinsing process using the good solvent of chloroform for PFB supplies a stable template for a further metallization process. When colloidal gold nanoparticles were spin-coated onto the surface of the template, a majority of the gold nanoparticles were confined into the “holes” of originally PFB-rich phase, while a minor portion stays on the “ridges” of F8BT-rich phase. After the annealing process, larger gold nanoparticles were produced inside the holes and smaller ones on the ridges, which induced localized surface plasmon resonance in the near infrared and in the visible, respectively. The structural parameters of the gold plasmonic pattern can be tuned by different surface modification and annealing processes, which can tune the spectroscopic response in the spectral position and in the spectral intensity. The produced nanostructures with broadband plasmon resonance can be used as a template for random lasers with strong optical scattering at both the pump and emission wavelengths and for photovoltaic devices with strong absorption in the visible and near infrared.
A Probabilistic Model of MOSAIC

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Humans can generate accurate and appropriate motor commands in various and even uncertain environments. MOSAIC (MOdular Sellection And Identification for Control) was formerly proposed for describing such human ability, but it includes some complex and heuristic procedures which make the model's understandability hard. In this article, we present an alternative and probabilistic model of MOSAIC (p-MOSAIC) as a mixture of normal distributions, and an online EM-based learning method for its predictors and controllers. Theoretical consideration shows that the learning rule of p-MOSAIC corresponds to that of MOSAIC except for some points mostly related to the controller learning. Experimental studies using synthetic datasets have shown some practical advantages of p-MOSAIC. One is that the learning rule of p-MOSAIC makes the estimation of 'responsibility' stable. Another is that p-MOSAIC realizes accurate control and robust parameter learning in comparison to the original MOSAIC especially in noisy environments, due to the direct incorporation of the noise into the model
Sustainable Allocation of Involuntary Resettlement——Normative Analysis Based on Allocation of Resettlement Control Rights

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the 1990s,M.Cenea put forward impoverishment,risk and reconstruction model(IRR model) on the basis of practice of involuntary resettlement.The theory has a great achievement on solving the resettlement,which indicates approaches and thoughts on how to practice the involuntary resettlement,but the article proposes that there are some defects in IRR model.The article brings forward a normative analysis framework based on allocation of resettlement control rights,so as to remedy the IRR model's defects and to realize affected person's resettlement sustainably.One conclusion from the framework is that resettlement dominated by affected person and resettlement dominated by resettlement office are two inevitable inferers of resettlement arrangement distribution concentrated.The common state is resettlement control rights distributed separately between affected person and resettlement office;thus different resettlement model comes into being.
The Scale of Successional Models and Restoration Objectives

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Successional models are used to predict how restoration projects will achieve their goals. These models have been developed on different spatial and temporal scales and consequently emphasize different types of dynamics. This paper focuses on the restoration goal of self‐sustainability, but only in the context of a long‐term goal. Because of the temporal scale of this goal, we must consider the impact of processes arising outside of the restoration site as of greater importance than restoration itself. Because ecological systems are open, restoration sites will be subjected to many external influential processes. Depending on the landscape context, the impact of these processes may not be noticeable, or, at the other extreme, they may prevent the achievement of restoration objectives. A second issue is to emphasize the nature of processes in the long term, that they are a complex of characteristics such as magnitude, frequency, and extent. Ecological systems are only adapted to a range of values in each of these characteristics. Restoration often combines goals that are of different scales. Models appropriate to these goals need consideration.
Multiproxy analysis (phytoliths, stable isotopes, and C/N) as indicators of paleoenvironmental changes in a Cerrado Site, Southern Brazil

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Cerrado vegetation is associated with the semi-humid climate of the Central Brazil highlands.The presence of this vegetation in small and sparse areas in Paraná, Southern Brazil, can be associated with its past climate conditions.Paleoenvironmental changes of Cerrado vegetation in the Campo Mourão region (24º06'S -52º23'W) are discussed in this study.The environmental changes were characterized using proxy data that includes stable isotopes and phytolith analyses in peaty sediments.Two drill cores obtained in alluvial plains were analyzed.Results were compared with the isotopic record (δ¹³C) from a trench in the Cerrado Ecological Station.Based on the results, we can infer that in ~48,800±270 yrs BP, the vegetation was mainly composed of grasses and at ~42,280 cal yrs BP a wetter climate allowed the expansion of arboreal vegetation.During the Middle Holocene (~7280 cal yrs BP), a drier period is also reported.Current climatic conditions (wet) were established since ~3280 cal yrs BP, after which the data suggests the expansion of subtropical forests over the Cerrado.
Education to nurture the soul : an interpretive study of a professional leadership institute for librarians

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to capture, describe and interpret an adult education experience that moves learners in an emotional, soulful and spiritual way. Profound and deep learning was revealed through comments such as: This has been one of the most profound experiences of my life; and, Those five days were pure magic. These comments are the result of experiences at Northern Exposure to Leadership (NEL), which is a continuing, adult learning experience for professional librarians. The Institute uses senior librarians to serve as mentors and facilitators, and is a five-day, residential Institute held every eighteen months at Emerald Lake Lodge, near Field, British Columbia, Canada. This research is explored within an adult education framework, which is steeped in a rich tradition of creating caring learning communities that honour the histories of learners, listen to their individual voices, and allow for alternative ways of learning and knowing. This analysis and interpretation is set within a broader social context of individual, global and cosmic alienation, and the demise and loss of soul evident in a manufactured, technical and commodified world. The research indicates that soul in education is nurtured through: relationships with mentors, peers and self; the creation of a professional, caring community; ceremony, symbol and the sacred; risk; struggle and disclosure; ethics; creativity and imagination; physical environment; residential factors of seclusion and shared accommodations; and the use of a variety of teaching methods with a concentration on experiential learning. The confluence of these factors affects careers and lives of learners on a long-term basis. Ultimately, it is asserted that attention to soul in education elicits an emotional, spiritual and physical response that is affirming for all involved. Soulful approaches breathe life into education and infuse learners with energy, vitality and enthusiasm, and, in the case of NEL, is creating a collegial community with librarianship.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 747 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Country is China", "TaxonKey is Aviceda leuphotes (Dumont, 1820)", "Year 2000-2025" ] } The dataset includes 747 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0000351-250227182430271/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Undercutting defeat via reference properties of differing arity: a reply to Pust

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In a recent article, Joel Pust argued that direct inference based on reference properties of differing arity are incommensurable, and so direct inference cannot be used to resolve the Sleeping Beauty problem. After discussing the defects of Pust's argument, I offer reasons for thinking that direct inferences based on reference properties of differing arity are commensurable, and that we should prefer direct inferences based on logically stronger reference properties, regardless of arity.
Abstract W MP100: Hospital SAH Volume Associated With Better Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The net impact of hospital care on outcomes in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not been well established. We hypothesized that increased experience and technical expertise at high volume hospitals would lead to better outcomes. Methods: We performed a serial cross-sectional retrospective study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002-2010. All adult (>18 years) discharges with a primary diagnosis of SAH (ICD-9-CM 435) from 2002-2010 were included and records with trauma or AVM were excluded. Survey-weighted descriptive statistics were used to estimate temporal trends. Multi-level logistic regression was used to estimate volume-outcome associations for two outcomes: inpatient mortality and discharge home. Models were adjusted for demographics, year, transfer status, insurance status, all individual Charlson comorbidities, intubation, and APR-DRG mortality. Analyses were repeated by excluding records where aggressive care was not pursued _ no intubation, no procedures and in-hospital death within 48 hours. Results: A total of 66,818 discharges were included in the weighted sample, including 19, 356 who received clipping or coiling. Inpatient mortality declined from 32.2% (30.1%- 33.9%) to 22.2% (20.8%-23.6%) from 2002 to 2010 while discharges to home increased from 28.5% (27.0-30.03%) to 40.8% (39.1%-42.4%). Hospitals in the highest volume quintile (greater than 63 discharges per year) had an unadjusted inpatient mortality of 22.7% (95% CI 22.0%-23.2%) compared to 41.5% (39.0%-43.7%) in quintile 3 (11-21 discharges per year) compared to 51.9% (47.0 -55.7%) in quintile 1 (less than 6 discharges per year). Similar trends were observed when excluding cases where aggressive care was not pursued. The proportion of patients discharged home also increased with hospital volume: 39.3 %( 38.0-39.9%) in quintile 5 vs. 23.2% (21.0%-25.1%) in quintile 3 vs. 16.7% (13.0%-19.7%) in quintile 1. Conclusion: Inpatient SAH mortality has decreased over time while the likelihood of discharge home has increased. High volume hospitals have more favorable outcomes than low volume hospitals and the magnitude of this effect is substantial. SAH volume should be accounted for in developing SAH systems of care.
Self‐improvement or hedonic enjoyment? Effect of romantic experiences on consumer product preferences

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Romantic experiences are positive emotional experiences that significantly affect people's lives and consumption behaviors. Extant research merely conceptualizes romantic experiences as intimate relationships between lovers and investigates their impact on the consumption of specific products (e.g., sweets, movies, and tourist destinations). In this study, we extend the concept of romantic experience beyond romantic love and demonstrate how romantic experience influences consumers' preferences for self‐improvement products based on the broaden‐and‐build theory through four experiments. Specifically, we show that romantic experiences (vs. neutral experiences) increase consumers' preference for self‐improvement products, even in areas unrelated to the initial romantic stimuli (Study 1). This greater inclination toward self‐improvement products is mediated by a heightened sense of meaning in life (Studies 2 and 3). Moreover, the focal effect is moderated by self‐construal (Study 4). These findings complement those of previous studies on how romantic experiences influence consumption choices.