jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chronic inducible urticaria: confirmation through challenge tests and response to treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the positivity of challenge tests of patients suspected of chronic inducible urticaria and the response to treatment. Methods A retrospective study of electronic medical records of patients suspected of chronic inducible urticaria. All patients were submitted to challenge tests with triggering stimuli, according to the clinical history and, subsequently, the response to drug treatment was evaluated. Results A total of 191 patients with suspected chronic inducible urticaria were included. It was confirmed in 118 patients and 122 positive tests (4 patients with 2 different positive tests). Most had dermographic urticaria (70.3%), followed by cholinergic urticaria (17.8%). Regarding treatment, 28% responded to antihistamine in licensed doses, 34.7% with increased doses, 9.3% responded to the addition of another medication. The concomitance of chronic inducible urticaria and chronic spontaneous urticaria was found in 35.3% of patients, being more frequent in females, with longer time to control symptoms and higher frequency of cholinergic urticaria. Conclusion The confirmation of chronic inducible urticaria in patients with this suspicion, after challenge tests, was high. There was a good response to antihistamine. In the concomitance of chronic spontaneous urticaria, longer time to control symptoms and higher frequency of cholinergic urticaria were observed.
A Novel Echocardiographic Marker (PDAM) Incorporating the Diameter of the Patent Foramen Ovale to Assess Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Persistent hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants may lead to significant morbidity and increased mortality. This report proposes a new composite marker to predict a hemodynamically significant PDA, termed the PDA marker (PDAM) score, which incorporates the diameter of the patent foramen ovale (PFO) in addition to the ratio of the diameter of the left atrium to the diameter of the root of the aorta (LA/Ao) and ratio of the size of the patent ductus arteriosus to the left pulmonary artery (PDA/LPA) diameter. PDA was suspected in 191 infants between 2009 and 2013. Analysis of the data indicated that there was no significant difference between the accuracy of the PDA diameter and the PDAM score as markers of either a hemodynamically significant PDA or a very hemodynamically significant PDA that needed ligation. These data did show that the PDAM score provided slightly higher sensitivity (93.3%) and specificity (75.6%) than the PDA diameter to identify a PDA that needed ligation at the specified cutoff level of PDAM = 5.1. Consequently, clinicians may be more confident using the PDAM score, rather than the PDA diameter alone, when selecting PDA cases for surgical intervention.
Combined Conduit Score in Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Venography in Patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Based on increased understanding of the idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) pathophysiology, venous sinus stenting (VSS) has emerged as an effective treatment for patients with transverse sinus stenosis (TSS). The presence of a reliable TSS screening tool is warranted. The combined conduit score (CCS) is the most widely used score for evaluation of the cerebral sinovenous stenosis in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography (CE-MRV).To evaluate the interobserver agreement between neuro-interventionalists and radiologists with respect to the CCS in evaluation of transverse sinus stenosis in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension using CE-MRV.A retrospective study was conducted on 26 consecutive patients diagnosed with IIH and underwent CE-MRV. The 2 neuro-interventionalists and 2 radiologists separately evaluated the cerebral venous sinuses using the CCS.The mean CCS was significantly different between the neuro-interventionalists and radiologists (p < 0.001), higher for the radiologists. The inter-rater reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.954, 95% CI: 0.898-0.979) between the 2 neuro-interventionalists, good between the 2 radiologists (ICC = 0.805, 95% CI: 0.418-0.921), but was not acceptable between the neuro-interventionalists and the radiologists (ICC 0.47 95% CI:-2.2-0.782).Despite the excellent agreement between the neuro-interventionists and the good agreement between the radiologists, there was no agreement between the neuro-interventionists and the radiologists. Our finding suggests that there is a gap between the 2 specialties but does not favor any of them. Factors related to the observers, the venous sinus system, the MRV or the CCS score may have resulted in this discrepancy. Automatic or semi-automatic feature extractions to produce quantifiable biomarkers for IIH are warranted. The clinical decisions should not depend only on strongly observer-dependent scores with training and/or experience-dependent influences.
Stabilization of an Edentulous Premaxilla for an Alveolar Bone Graft: Case Report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective The patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate and an edentulous premaxilla poses several additional challenges to the surgeon and the orthodontist. The cleft segments are usually expanded and stabilized with tooth-supported orthodontic appliances prior to an alveolar bone graft. This report describes a technique for stabilizing an edentulous premaxilla using an orthodontic-surgical screw that is ligated to an orthodontic archwire.
Plant Growth Optimization Using Amber Light Supplemented with Different Blue Light Spectra

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Blue (400–500 nm) and red (600–700 nm) light regions have been investigated for their effects on photosynthesis and plant growth, yet evidence for specific blue light wavelengths in plant research is lacking. Investigations into amber (595 nm) light are similarly limited. To ‘shed light’ on these two important wavelengths, this study investigated the combined effects of blue and amber light on plant growth and development in two model plants: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Beefsteak) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Breen). Plant growth responses were determined with four light treatments: B+BA (blue + broad amber, 455–602 nm), RB-NA (royal blue + narrow amber, 430–602 nm), RB-BA (royal blue + broad amber, 423–595 nm), and high-pressure sodium at a PPFD of 250 µmol m−2 s−1. After 21 days, the highest fresh and dry mass for both plant species was obtained under the RB-BA light treatment. Shifting the blue wavelength from 430 nm to 455 nm with broad amber lighting led to 40% less fresh mass for tomatoes, whereas only an approximate 5% reduction in fresh mass was observed for lettuce plants. Our findings demonstrate that an alternate and combined blue + amber light spectrum is effective for optimizing plant productivity.
Hypertension-Induced End-Organ Damage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract —Angiotensin (Ang) II-induced organ damage has fascinated students of hypertension since the work of Wilson and Byrom. We are investigating a double transgenic rat (dTGR) model, in which rats transgenic for the human angiotensinogen and renin genes are crossed. These rats develop moderately severe hypertension but die of end-organ cardiac and renal damage by week 7. The heart shows necrosis and fibrosis, whereas the kidneys resemble the hemolytic-uremic syndrome vasculopathy. Surface adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) are expressed early on the endothelium, while the corresponding ligands are found on circulating leukocytes. Leukocyte infiltration in the vascular wall accompanies PAI-1, MCP-1, and VEGF expression. The expression of TGF-β and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins follows, which is accompanied by fibrinoid vasculitis in small vessels of the heart and kidneys. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and AT1 receptor blockers each lowered blood pressure and shifted pressure natriuresis partially leftward by different mechanisms. When combined, they normalized blood pressure, pressure natriuresis, and protected from vasculopathy completely. Renin inhibition lowered blood pressure partially, but protected from vasculopathy completely. Endothelin receptor blockade had no influence on blood pressure but protected from vasculopathy and improved survival. We show evidence that Ang II stimulates oxidative stress directly or indirectly via endothelin 1 and that NFκB is upregulated in this model. We speculate that the transcription factors NFκB and AP-1 are involved with initiating chemokine and cytokine expression, leading to the above cascade. The unique model and our pharmacological probes will enable us to test these hypotheses.
[Treatment of pilonidal cyst with Nd-YAG laser].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 23 year-old woman with a nonsupporative pilonidal cyst was successfully treated causally with Nd-YAG laser, and without any recidivate after 9 months follow-up. The mechanism is presumed to be that YAG-laser has a wave-length of 1064 nm. Consequently, the wave penetration through the skin is deeper than most other lasers before the energy is absorbed in melanin and oxyhaemoglobin, so the contents of the cyst can be reached and destroyed. The treatment could be a very attractive alternative to open surgery.
Frequentist and Bayesian Methods for Mixed Discrete and Continuous Outcomes with Selection, Heteroscedasticity and Lagged Effects

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa have lower agricultural technology adoption rates compared to the rest of the world. Production risk is one of the inhibiting factors of improved technology adoption. Quantifying this effect on adoption is a challenging task due to the endogenous effect of the technology on yield. We quantify this effect through lagged crop yield and lagged crop variance by developing two models for mixed discrete and continuous outcomes while accounting for endogenous effect of technology on yield. We use maximum likelihood method for the estimation in Chapter 1 and bayesian estimation in Chapter 2. The first model does not include the lagged variance in the adoption equation since variance is constant at the household level. In this model 1, we quantify the effect of past season yield on improved corn seed use in future seasons while addressing the impact of the seed variety on yield. We develop a maximum likelihood method that addresses the fact that farmers self-select into a technology resulting in its effect on yield being endogenous. The method is unique since it models both lagged and endogenous effects in correlated discrete and continuous outcomes simultaneously. Due to the presence of the lagged effect in a three year dataset, we also propose a solution to the initial conditions problem and demonstrate with simulations its effectiveness. We use survey longitudinal data collected from Kenyan corn farmers for three years. Our results indicate that higher past season yield increased the likelihood of adoption in future seasons. The simulation and empirical studies indicate that ignoring the self selection of improved seed use biases the results; we obtain a different sign in the covariance. In model 2, we extend model 1 above to include household specific variance and lagged variance in the technology adoption model. The results showed that variance was household specific and that the lagged corn yield variance negatively affected the probability of adoption in line with the risk aversion behavior of farmers. However, the lagged crop yield was no longer a significant determinant of improved corn seed adoption in model 2. We also found the evidence that improved seed use was endogenous and significantly increased the corn yield. Comparison of the two models using likelihood and BIC also confirmed that model 2 specification was more robust than model 1. Finally, using non-informative priors we confirmed that the maximum likelihood estimates and bayesian estimates were virtually identical.
Control of a community hepatitis A outbreak using hepatitis A vaccine.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In an outbreak of hepatitis A infection among children attending a village primary school hygiene measures and prophylaxis of household contacts of initial cases with human normal immunoglobulin did not prevent spread. Over two months 16 pupils and two household contacts were infected, and seven children aged 6 to 10 years were jaundiced. Testing for salivary IgG and IgM among staff and pupils and their household contacts identified asymptomatic cases. Hepatitis A vaccine was offered to staff and pupils. Coverage was 78%. If those with previous infection are included 81% were protected. Two cases arose in the seven days after the vaccination campaign. No further cases were identified in the following 30 weeks. Our experiences illustrate a lack of public and professional awareness of the seriousness of hepatitis A in adults, and suggest that hepatitis. A vaccine alone is a useful outbreak control measure. Salivary antibody testing showed that only a quarter of those over 40 years of age (17/69) were immune to hepatitis A.
Surface soil moisture and stubble management practice effects on the progress of infection of wheat by Fusarium pseudograminearum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The influence of surface soil moisture and stubble management practices on the progress of infection of wheat by Fusarium pseudograminearum, the cause of crown rot, was assessed in a field trial at Moree in northern New South Wales during the growing seasons of 1994, 1995 and 1996 by analysis of infection progress curves. During the dry season of 1994, wheat was sown into dry surface soil. Increases in incidence of infection followed rainfall events that raised the water content of the surface soil above the equivalent of a water potential of –1.5 MPa. The rate of increase in incidence of infection was more uniform in the 1995 and 1996 seasons, which had more regular rainfall. The area under the infection progress curve (AUIPC) was consistently greater when stubble was retained on the surface compared with incorporation with a disc plough, and this difference was significant in 2 out of 3 years. Comparison of AUIPCs indicated greater epidemiological differences between stubble management treatments than did comparisons of incidence of infection at single points during the season.
THE EFFECTS OF CYSTEAMINE AND AET Cl HCl ON THE INDUCTION OF MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME REARRANGEMENTS IN IRRADIATED MALE MICE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two established chemical protective agents, β-mercaptoethylamine (cysteamine) and β-aminoethylisothiuronium (AET) Cl HCl were tested for their ability to induce chromosome translocations in totally irradiated mice with 600 R. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether cysteamine and AET Cl HCl themselves induce reciprocal translocations and whether these chemical agents have an equally protective effect against X-ray-induced chromosomal translocations in the first meiotic metaphase. The incidence of translocations after whole-body irradiation with a 600 R was 9.07% in animals protected with cysteamine and irradiated; 3.68%; and in those protected with AET Cl HCl and irradiated with the same dose, 5.45%. Not a single chromosome rearrangement was recorded among the animals treated with cysteamine and AET without irradiation.
Forgiveness and Loneliness: Stress and Anxiety’s Correlates in a Student and Clinical Hiv-positive Sample

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Persistent periods of stress exacerbate the symptoms of chronic illness. Additionally, loneliness is strongly correlated with stress and both state and trait anxiety. Prolonged periods of loneliness are linked with depression in both clinical and student samples. Forgiveness, a cognitive, emotional, and behavioral response to interpersonal or intrapersonal conflict, is important to social harmony. in this study I describe three studies that examine forgiveness, loneliness, stress, and anxiety in two populations, a student population and an HIV+ clinical population. Study 1 examined how the variables of forgiveness and loneliness are associated with perceived stress in a student sample of undergraduate students. Study 2 examined the same variables (forgiveness, loneliness, and perceived stress) in an HIV-positive clinical population. Finally, study 3 extends the model and examines the relationship of forgiveness and loneliness to variables related to stress, state and trait anxiety. for studies 2 and 3, 63 HIV-positive individuals participated in the cross-sectional correlational study. the data was analyzed in each study using hierarchical linear regression analysis. We also tested the models for the three studies to determine if forgiveness moderates the relationship between loneliness and state and trait anxiety. in study 1, using hierarchical linear regression analyses, I found that increased forgiveness and decreased loneliness was associated with less perceived stress in both a non-clinical and clinical sample of HIV-positive adults. in studies 2 and 3, I conducted hierarchical linear regression analyses and found that increased forgiveness contributed a significant portion of the variance in perceived stress and state and trait anxiety in a non-clinical and HIV-positive sample. I did not find moderation in any of the models.
Women scientists' workplace and parenting role identities: A polynomial analysis of congruence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We empirically examined the congruence effect of work- and parenting-role identities on women scientists' perception of organizational support. With the assistance of the staff of the Center for Women in Science, Engineering, and Technology in South Korea, we obtained data from 215 women employed as scientists by responses to a survey. The results of polynomial regressions showed a positive congruence effect of their employment and parenting role identities on perceived organizational support (POS); the more closely aligned the two identities were, that is, the higher the level of congruence of the role identities, the stronger was the POS. These findings highlight the pivotal role played by the balance between workand parenting-role identities in promoting a positive attitude in the workplace among women scientists. The theoretical and practical implications and limitations are also discussed.
Lost 'n' found : a journey and beyond.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lost ‘n’ Found is a 3-d animation about how a poor but optimistic guy, Ronald, while on his way to look for a home, got lost in a surrealistic space full of road signs. The humour of the story lies in the paradox of how these road signs confuse the protagonist instead of giving him the correct direction. The climax and twist of the story lies in the end, when he decided not to continue his endless journey, but instead decided to convert all his obstacles into hope- his new home.
Large Eddy Simulation of Strongly Heated Internal Gas Flows

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work is concerned with the modeling of a strongly heated, low Mach number, gas flowing upward within a vertical tube with constant heat flux boundary conditions. Four llarge eddy subgrid models are compared to two different RANS turbulence models in their ability to predict the temperature distribution in the heated pipe. All LES models predict the mean velocity profile reasonably well. The RMS values of the Smagorinsky-Lilly model and the WALE model show the same shape but different magnitude while the standard Smagorinsky model shows the maximum at a different location. The mean temperature profiles along the wall in the section with the prescribed heat flux are underpredicted by all LES models. This work is concerned with the modeling of a strongly heated, low Mach number, gas flowing upward within a vertical tube with (nearly) constant heat flux boundary conditions, in which forced convection is dominant. The heating rate is sufficiently high such that the fluid properties vary significantly in both the radial and axial directions. Since the flow is continually adjusting to the changing properties, fully developed velocity and temperature profiles never occur. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) provide means for determining detailed information about these heated flows that may be difficult to obtain experimentally. The motivation for this problem stems from considerations that gas may be effectively employed as a coolant for advanced power reactors. In this case, it is desirable to achieve high thermal efficiencies which require high gas exit temperatures. To achieve high temperatures the mean velocity of the gas may be low enough that the relevant Reynolds number of the flow is less than 10,000. Experimental data for this class of flows is sparse. Perkins 1 obtained mean temperature distributions for dominant forced convection flow through a circular cylinder with significant gas property variations. Using essentially the same experimental apparatus, Shehata 2 obtained mean velocity distributions under some of the same flow conditions. They employed three different constant wall heat flux boundary conditions: “low” and “intermediate” heating rates at inlet Reynolds numbers of approximately 6000, and a “high” heating rate case at an inlet Reynolds number of approximately 4200. Perkins 1 characterized these three cases as turbulent, “subturbulent,” and laminarizing, respectively. The results of Perkins 1 and Shehata 2 have since been reported in detail by Shehata and McEligot. 3,4 Consequently, subsequent references to the Shehata/McEligot data refer to the data as presented in the PhD. thesis of Shehata 3 and the report of Shehata and McEligot, 4 derived from the results of Perkins 1 and Shehata. 2 These experimental data provide an opportunity to verify turbulence and subgrid scale models under the influence of strong heating and, consequently, large variations in fluid properties.
Web 2.0 Inspirations: Collaborative Chapter Event Planning Using Wikis and Google Docs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background Philadelphia Chapter--Special Libraries Association • Founded in 1919 • ~ 300 Members • Includes greater Philadelphia region (aka the Delaware Valley): Philadelphia, southeastern Pennsylvania, northern Delaware, and southern New Jersey. • Chapter members serve large (QVC) to small (CFAR) companies, universities (TJU), hospitals (Chestnut Hill) and everything in between. • Active student chapter at Drexel University (DUSLA). We also draw library school students from Clarion. Events Traditionally, the Chapter has held 5-8 events per year. Three of these are Chapter traditions: • Annual Banquet (Spring) • Wine & Cheese Reception (Fall) • Holiday Party/Silent Auction (December) We also include 1-2 “professional development” programs (lecture style w/networking time) and 1-2 Continuing Education programs with hands-on learning in the spring and/or fall. The TechTopics Series In the Fall of 2007, Karen Krasznavolgyi in her role as Professional Development Chair organized a series of hands-on TechTopics workshops. The goal was to provide an overview of new technologies, such as wikis, blogs, office applications, etc and how to apply them to your organization. The following 3 very popular and successful programs were scheduled: • The 2.0 Office: More Than Just Wikis & Blogs (Sept.) • Second Life (Oct.) • Firefox Plug-ins (Nov.) All 3 sessions were well-attended with an average of 15 people. Sessions 1 and 3 were also simulcast. Session one (2.0 office) had almost the same amount of people on simulcast as in person. The nature of the Second Life session did not lend itself to being simulcast. It was, however, probably the most lively session held for our chapter librarians ever!