jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analgesic effects of intravenous morphine, fentanyl, sufentanil, and ketamine in a novel rat model of extremity trauma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The goal of the current study was to establish a rat model of extremity trauma (ET)for prehospital pain research and validate it using different pain behaviors and analgesics applied via intravenous (IV) injection. Male Sprague Dawley rats (11–13 wk) were briefly anesthetized using isoflurane and ET was induced via clamping there trofemoral tissue groups for 30 sec using an L‐shaped hemostat, followed by closed fibula fracture using a 15‐gauge needle. Rats regained consciousness within 5 minutes after ET. Pain responses to thermal hyperalgesia (paw withdrawal latency of injured hindlimb, PWL), mechanical allodynia (paw withdrawal pressure of injured hindlimb, PWP), and weight bearing (WB) were determined prior to and 90 minutes after ET. Morphine (2 mg/kg), fentanyl (10 μg/kg), sufentanil (1 μg/kg), ketamine (5 mg/kg), or vehicle(saline) was then administered via IV injection, followed by PWL, PWP, WB, and TF assessments at 10, 40, 80, and 120 minutes after analgesic injection. Ninety minutes after ET, the PWL, PWP, and WB were significantly decreased by 61 ± 4%, 64 ± 8%, and 65 ± 4%, respectively, compared to baseline values. These pain behaviors were steadily maintained throughout the 3–4 hours of observation. Compared with the saline‐treated group, opioid analgesics significantly increased PWL during more than 80 minutes, with sufentanil exhibiting the highest analgesic effect. An increase in PWL was only observed at 10 minutes after ketamine injection. PWP was transiently increased with opioid analgesics for 10 to 40 minutes but was not changed with ketamine. WB was improved with opioid analgesics for atleast 2 hours but only for up to 80 minutes after ketamine injection. The ET model includes long bone fracture and soft tissue injury but no fixation surgery, mimicking prehospital extremity trauma, and produces acute, steady, and reproducible trauma‐related pain behaviors. Our model is clinically relevant regarding the pain behaviors and established responses to common analgesics. Support or Funding Information This study was funded by the US Army Clinical and Rehabilitative Medicine Research Program, Joint Program Committee 8, Applied Pain Research Award. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
The effect of a position and shape of local energy source on the aerodynamic characteristics of a supersonic vehicle

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A local energy source placed upstream of a supersonic vehicle can have a considerable effect on its total aerodynamic characteristics and flight trajectory. This yields a possibility of controlling both the vehicle velocity and flight direction by introducing a local energy source into the flow. It is found that when studying the influence of the source of flow disturbances on the lift force and moment characteristics one cannot ignore the factors of transverse overflow of compression and rarefaction waves. The influence of this factor is particularly noticeable at moderate Mach numbers.
Synthese mittlerer und großer Ringe, XXXI[1] Die [6](3,6)Oxepinophan‐[6](2,5)Furanophan‐Ringverengung mit Rutheniumtetroxid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Synthesis of Medium and Large Rings, XXXI [1] – The [6](3,6)Oxepinophane‐[6](2,5)Furanophane Ring Contraction with Ruthenium Tetroxide A one‐pot synthesis of the furanophanes 2a and 2b by ring contraction of the oxepinophanes 1a and 1b is described. Evidence is presented that the reaction proceeds by subsequent oxidation of two double bonds via the intermediates 3 and 4 . On treatment with hydrochloric acid cis ‐ 4 gives 2a by 1,4‐elimination of hydrogen peroxide. The oxidation of the [7](3,6)oxepinophane 1c leads to a complex mixture of the products 2d and 6–10. 2a undergoes Diels‐Alder reactions with benzyne and 2,3‐naphthalyne to give 11 and 12 . The latter forms the stable iron tricarbonyl complex 13 . The structures of 2c, 4, 10, 11 , and 13 have been established by X‐ray analyses.
Antisemitism, Statistics, and the Scientization of Hebrew Political Discourse: The Case Study ofHa-tsefirah

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

O ver the past decade, the nineteenth-century engagement of Jews with statistics has become the subject matter for a growing body of literature within the field ofJewish studies.' As the literature indicates, social scientists, influenced by the natural sciences, began using statistical data as a tool for legitimation and a source of hope for solving social problems. Jews became an important object of social-statistical studies, which were often used to justify antisemitic ideas. Jewish social scientists and physicians, who saw themselves as obligated to answer this scientific antisemitism, used the same statistical tools to do so, and therefore helped to usher theJewish people into the modern age of statistics. The adoption of such tools, however, though motivated by an apologetic need, had its own particular internal effects onJewish studies and society. The focus of research so far has been on the role of scientists and
Learning through L2 – Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and English as Medium of Instruction (EMI)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) has been promoted by the European Union as a means to achieve multilingualism. While in Germany and other European countries the trend to use the L2 as a medium of instruction is increasing, in Hong Kong, however, we see a converse development. Many schools switched from English as a medium of instruction (EMI) to mother tongue education. \n</br>\nThe German CLIL concept promotes a gradual and cautious switch to L2 for only a few content subjects in the curriculum. The Hong Kong EMI approach introduces L2 after a short bridging period to most content subjects. Although the CLIL and EMI programmes both share the features of a late immersion programme, their approach to language use in classroom discourse frames is different. The current study was designed to examine the processes and effects of language learning in L2-taught content subjects. Based on samples from two history lessons in the German CLIL and the Hong Kong EMI context, classroom interaction was analysed with special focus on teacher/student talk and codeswitching. First results support the claim that constructive processes during classroom interaction are vital elements of language acquisition. </br>[Copyright of International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism is the property of Routledge. Full article may be available at the publisher's website: </br>http://dx.doi.org/10.2167/beb465.0]
Electron properties of pharmaceutical molecules

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We have prepared a novel post-perovskite, NaIrO 3 , by high pressure solid state synthesis and recovered it to ambient conditions [1].Among the few known oxide post-perovskites, NaIrO 3 is the first example with a pentavalent cation.The structure consists of layers of corner-and edge-sharing IrO 6 octahedra separated by layers of NaO 8 bicapped trigonal prisms.NaIrO 3 shows no magnetic ordering and resistivity measurements show non-metallic behaviour.The crystal structure, electrical and magnetic properties are discussed and compared to known post-perovskites and pentavalent perovskite metal oxides.In 2004 two groups independently discovered a high pressure transition at 125 GPa in MgSiO 3 from a perovskite to a post-perovskite structure [2,3].The transition is believed to explain the observed transition in the speed of sound in the Earth's lower mantle and it is of high importance in seismology.Considering the extreme pressure required to study MgSiO 3 there is a great interest in discovering analog compounds which are stable at lower pressures.The recent discoveries of several new oxide post-perovskites have also sparked interest in the materials science community regarding their electronic and magnetic properties.The interest is further invigorated by the valence flexibility of the cations allowing mixed valence and tuning of properties.
Influence of a Natural Ecological Experience Program that Utilizes a Forest in the Linguistic Abilities of Children with Disability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of a natural ecological experience program that utilizes the forest in the linguistic abilities of children with disability. The subject of this study were three handicapped children, whose developmental disability level was higher than class 2 and whose PRES scores were higher than 20 months, in an after-school class at a daycare center located in “G” city. This study was designed to perform an ecology experiencing activity 27 times once a week to emphasize interest, experience and play in children for the contents of activity and teaching and learning method. ‘Development scale of receptive language and expressive language for pre-school students’ suggested by KIM, YOUNGTAE(2003) etc. was used as the test instrument to determine the improvement in the linguistic abilities of the children with disability. The scale can measure the development degree of receptive language and expressive language of pre-school students who are 2~7 years old. The result shows that natural ecological experience program that utilized a forest has a positive influence on the linguistic abilities of children with disability. The result also shows that natural ecological experience program that utilized a forest improved the linguistic abilities of children with disability. A natural ecological experience program as media inducces language expression through the experience of the five senses, emotional stability and positive observation.
Integration of DFIG based wind turbine generator on small signal stability of power systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Compared to the direct-drive synchronous generator, integration of Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) have different impacts on power system due to their physical and operational differences. The disturbance occurs in the system due to lack of synchronizing torque and damping torque, and it may lead to instability response in the power system. It can be overcome by integration of the DFIG into power system and excitation controller installed with a synchronous generator. The paper investigates the Small Signal Stability Analysis (SSSA) of power system based on eigenvalue analysis in the time domain simulation. Based on this the effects of the interarea and local area electromechanical dominant modes of oscillations are analyzed, with and without an excitation controller. The SSSA reveals important relationships among state variables of a system, participation factor and gives an insight into the electromagnetic dynamics of the network. It is concluded that the DFIG integration into power system has a beneficial impact on small signal stability. The two area test system is used to illustrate the proposed methods.
Trajectories of titanium powder particles of diffferent size in a plasma flow

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The study focused on analyzing the trajectories of powder particles within a plasma flow, a process utilized for applying functional coatings and producing powders. An overview of contemporary scientific research dedicated to modeling these processes is presented. The primary objective of this study was to ascertain how the particle size of the powder, used as a raw material, influences the path of particles within a vertically directed plasma flow. We examined three sizes of titanium powder: 1 μm, 50 μm and 100 μm. These sizes were chosen based on production practices for the considered processes and the particle size distribution of the powder material used in full-scale experiments, employing specialized CAMSIZER-XT equipment. Our study reveals the significant impact of powder particle size on various parameters, including the opening angle, length, and width of the illuminated section of the plasma torch, as well as the distance traveled by particles entrained by the plasma flow from the plasma head. To investigate these effects, we conducted computer simulations, followed by validation through full-scale experiments for each case. Specifically, we employed the MAK-10 laboratory plasma facility at the Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, which is designed for powder production and functional coatings. In order to ensure the reliability of our measurements, we performed statistical data processing of the full-scale experiment results using scatter plots and determination of their average values. The comparative analysis of results from both natural and computer experiments demonstrated a satisfactory level of convergence. This comparative analysis of three particle sizes of powder enabled us to formulate practical recommendations for enhancing equipment and process technology in the context of the considered procedures. Furthermore, our article introduces a computer model capable of predicting the dimensions of the reactor (the chamber for receiving powder materials), the optimal shape of components within the plasma facility, and the positioning of the substrate on which functional coatings are applied. This model can be applied to address similar problems within the scope of this study, facilitating the control of coating application processes and powder production.
The Active Surveillance for Low-risk Prostate Cancer: Case Series of Single Center

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Up to 80% of prostate cancer cases are indolent that pose a minimal risk for morbidity and mortality throughout the life of the patient. Cancer-specific survival of the patients just followed up and those who received curative treatment were found to be similar, especially in the low-risk category. Active surveillance was described to preserve the quality of life of the patients and to protect them from the side effects of curative treatments. It has become increasingly used in low and very low risk. Although there are many studies on this subject with a large number of patients in the literature, we aimed to present our first results in this study. Material and Methods: The data of the patients, that were included in the active surveillance program between January 2012 and April 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer according to D'Amico criteria (International Society of Urological Pathology grade group 1, prostate-specific antigen <10 ng/mL, stage cT1c-T2a) via a minimum 12 core transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy due to suspicious digital rectal examination and/or prostate-specific antigen elevation. Results: Thirty-six patients, who preferred active surveillance were included in the study. The mean age and prostate-specific antigen values of the patients were 66.38±8.02 years and 5.63±2.3 ng/mL, respectively. The median follow- up was 18.4 (minimum 1.63-maximum 82.4) months. In the initial biopsy, the cancer was detected in one core in 25 (69.4%), two cores in 10 (27.8%), and three cores in one (2.8%) of the patients. A total of 7 (19.4%) cases had received curative treatment. 3 cases had progression in pathological parameters and 4 cases chose to have active treatment. Conclusion: Our initial results with active surveillance are similar to the literature. Per the literature, the number of patients that chose active surveillance has increased.
CSD 2118849: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Marking out the pitch: a historiography and taxonomy of football fiction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Football, or soccer as it is more commonly referred to in Australia and the US, is arguably the world’s most popular sport. It generates a proportionate volume of related writing. Within this landscape, works of novel-length fiction are seemingly rare. This paper establishes and maps a substantial body of football fiction works, explores elements and qualities exhibited individually and collectively. In bringing together current, limited surveys of the field, it presents the first rigorous definition of football fiction and captures the first historiography of the corpus. Drawing on distant reading methods developed in conjunction with closer textual analyses, the historiography and subsequent taxonomy represent the first articulation of relationships across the body of work, identify growth areas and establish a number of movements and trends. In advancing the understanding of football fiction as a collective body, the paper lays foundations for further research and consideration of the works in generic terms.
Recent acoustic designs in China, commissioning results

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Marshall Day Acoustics has recently completed three large performing arts centres in China. Some of the challenges and design approaches are presented in an accompanying paper. These include the Jiangsu Grand Theatre with a 1,500-seat concert hall, 2,300-seat opera house and a 1,000-seat drama theatre. Also included is the 2,000-seat Qingdao Grand Theatre and the 2,040-seat opera house at Shaanxi Grand Theatre. The present paper will provide details on the commissioning measurement results for room acoustics. First the principles of the measurement system and room setup will be briefly presented before the actual measurement data and derived acoustic parameter are revealed.
Cyclical capital structure decisions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Past literature has documented clear trends in the leverage ratio and other capital structure choices made by US firms. We expand this line of research by showing that aggregate capital structure ratios of US firms, during the last decades, are characterised not only by time trends but also by clear cycles. We set the start and end dates of these cycles using a 'classical approach'. The cycles relating to the ratio of new shares versus debt are shorter and are more intense than the cycles regarding the term of the new debt obligations. The cycles that describe the ratio of retained earnings versus new equity issues are wider in relative terms and with similar duration to the cycles of decisions on external versus internal financing. This means that the decision to substitute debt for shares (or vice versa) is much more common, frequent and significant, than the decision term debt.
A columellar deformity caused by a congenital schwannoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Schwannoma is a benign neoplasm arising from Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve.It very rarely located in the nasal tip.We report two cases of congenital schwannoma of the nasal columella and discuss the surgical approach of such tumor.Case report: Case 1: An 18 year-old female was referred to us for a very slow growing tumor of the columella.The deformity had been present since the birth.The patient underwent an excision of its tumor using an open rhinoplasty approach.The histological examination revealed a schwannoma.No recurrence was found within 2 years of follow up.Case 2: A 4 month male baby presenting a congenital tumor of his columella.He underwent an excision using open rhinoplasty approach.The histological examination showed a plexiform schwannoma.Discussion: Schwannoma of the nasal tip is a benign tumor that gradually causes aesthetic and functional disorders.Congenital schwannoma of columella is an extremely rare clinical situation.Its diagnosis and treatment can pose certain challenges.The treatment is surgical excision and histological analysis of the specimen.Open rhinoplasty approach provided a good surgical exploration and a good cosmetic result on this nasal tip tumor.
A High-Yield Hydrothermal Preparation of CuAlO2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The first, single-step, hydrothermal synthetic process has been developed, whereby phase-pure polycrystalline samples of CuAlO2 can be synthesized at low temperature (<215 °C) and pressure (<10 atm). Furthermore, the solid solution CuAl1-yGayO2 (where 0 ≤ y ≤ 1), which has, to date, not been reported, was also synthesized.
Vernacular buildings as tourism asset in Eastern Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Indonesia has many traditional or vernacular buildings that still exist right now. Those buildings have already functioned partly as tourism asset in their areas, but so many vernacular buildings remain untouchable. Whereas, in the context of tourism, there is cultural heritage which consists of three main components: (1) monuments, (2) architecture or buildings, (3) sites. When we look at vernacular buildings in Eastern Indonesia, the possibilities those buildings to be tourism asset are high. The question should be explored is: what kind of potencies that can be explored, and in turn can be “sold” as tourism asset for vernacular buildings in the villages in Eastern Indonesia? The objective of this paper is to investigate the potencies of cultural heritage from which have possibilities to be tourism asset in several vernacular spots in Eastern Indonesia: Bayan Village (Lombok), Nua One small village in Woloara Village, Sikka and Mbengu Villages (Flores), Boti and Maslete Villages (Timor). Methods to collect data by surveying on the spot to vernacular buildings in the above locations, also surveying related and competent persons. Method to analyse the data by examining the data with tourism theories. The finding is, the potencies of vernacular buildings that can be categorized as the asset of tourism in the above villages are so many, which are architectural styles and cultural festivals in the villages, and also include the approach such as rehabilitation, renovation, restoration, and conservation.
Fyn Mediates High Glucose-Induced Actin Cytoskeleton Reorganization of Podocytes via Promoting ROCK Activation In Vitro

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fyn, a member of the Src family of tyrosine kinases, is a key regulator in cytoskeletal remodeling in a variety of cell types. Recent studies have demonstrated that Fyn is responsible for nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation, which will result in polymerization of actin filaments and podocyte damage. Thus detailed involvement of Fyn in podocytes is to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the potential role of Fyn/ROCK signaling and its interactions with paxillin. Our results presented that high glucose led to filamentous actin (F-actin) rearrangement in podocytes, accompanied by paxillin phosphorylation and increased cell motility, during which Fyn and ROCK were markedly activated. Gene knockdown of Fyn by siRNA showed a reversal effect on high glucose-induced podocyte damage and ROCK activation; however, inhibition of ROCK had no significant effects on Fyn phosphorylation. These observations demonstrate that in vitro Fyn mediates high glucose-induced actin cytoskeleton remodeling of podocytes via promoting ROCK activation and paxillin phosphorylation.