jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Epichloë endophyte enhances intraspecific competition of Achnatherum inebrians under nitrogen stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background and aims Drunken horse grass (DHG, Achnatherum inebrians ) is a perennial grass widely distributed in the grasslands of northwestern China, forming a symbiosis with the Epichloë endophyte, and has a strong growth advantage in the community. However, the mechanism of its competitive success remains unclear. Methods Endophyte-infected (EI) and endophyte-free (EF) DHG were employed in greenhouse experiments. EI plants served as competitive species, while EF plants were the target species. Aggressivity was employed to quantify the competitiveness between EI and EF plants. The effects of endophyte, plant density, and three different nitrogen levels in pot on the competitiveness of DHG plants were investigated. Results The presence of Epichloë endophytes significantly improved growth performance, photosynthetic capacity, and nitrogen uptake efficiency of the host grasses, especially under low nitrogen conditions. the competitive abilities of DHG. Importantly, the gain effect of the endophyte on the competitiveness of DHG gradually weakened with the decrease in the number of EI plants. Conclusion The Epichloë endophyte enhances DHG competitiveness under nitrogen limitation but diminishes as soil nitrogen content increases. These results provide insights into the strong competitive advantage of EI DHG and the high infection rate of DHG in natural grasslands with harsh habitats.
Modifying high-order aeroelastic math model of a jet transport using maximum likelihood estimation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The design of control laws to damp flexible structural modes requires accurate math models. Unlike the design of control laws for rigid body motion (e.g., where robust control is used to compensate for modeling inaccuracies), structural mode damping usually employs narrow band notch filters. In order to obtain the required accuracy in the math model, maximum likelihood estimation technique is employed to improve the accuracy of the math model using flight data. Presented here are all phases of this methodology: (1) pre-flight analysis (i.e., optimal input signal design for flight test, sensor location determination, model reduction technique, etc.), (2) data collection and preprocessing, and (3) post-flight analysis (i.e., estimation technique and model verification). In addition, a discussion is presented of the software tools used and the need for future study in this field.
Fiscal Policy in a Structural VAR Model for Germany

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the effects of fiscal policy measures on GDP and the government budget balance in a structural VAR model. In order to identify expenditure shocks we follow Blachard/Perotti (2002) and assume that government expenditure is partly predetermined in the budget. For the identification of tax policy shocks we exploit changes in tax law in Germany between 1967 and 2008. Our results support significant short term effects of fiscal expansionary policies. In the medium term, however, the model predicts substantial increases in government debt. Applying the model to the recent stimulus programmes in Germany, we find that the stimulus programme had substantial effect on output in the short run.
Abstract A081: Dissecting the Tumor–Immune Landscape of PDAC Liver Metastases to Identify Candidate Drivers of Immune Evasion and Metastatic Outgrowth

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Liver metastases represent a leading cause of mortality in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recent clinical evidence has revealed distinct immune ecosystems in the liver tumor microenvironment, yet mechanistic insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving those diverse immune landscapes remains unclear. Here we report, computational cellular signaling analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from matched primary and liver metastatic samples isolated at early and late time points from the spontaneous genetically engineered mouse model KPC (Pdx1Cre; KrasLSL-G12D; Tp53LSL-R172H). This analysis uncovered several immunomodulatory axes between cancer cells-T cells and cancer cells- macrophages. Validation of these findings were performed using primary tumor cell lines, isolated from the same or littermate tumors as the scRNA-seq dataset. Bulk RNA-seq analysis of these cell lines showed a retention of cancer-derived ligands in culture. In vivo validation using the hemisplenic liver metastatic transplant model confirmed that cell lines isolated from primary tumors, which metastasized spontaneously to the liver, retained liver metastatic outgrowth potential. Flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine profiling of isolated cell lines, non-involved liver, and liver tumors revealed distinct immune population shifts within the metastatic niche and confirmed cancer cell derived immunomodulatory cytokines. This study highlights the interplay between cancer-intrinsic signaling and the immune landscape in PDAC liver metastases and supports future mechanistic exploration. Citation Format: Ayushi Mandloi, Jace Baines, Meet Patel, Christina R. Larson, Robert S. Welner, Julienne L. Carstens. Dissecting the Tumor–Immune Landscape of PDAC Liver Metastases to Identify Candidate Drivers of Immune Evasion and Metastatic Outgrowth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Advances in Pancreatic Cancer Research—Emerging Science Driving Transformative Solutions; Boston, MA; 2025 Sep 28-Oct 1; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(18_Suppl_3):Abstract nr A081.
AN ENHANCED FEATURE SELECTION AND CLASSIFICATION MODEL FOR NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM USING DATA MINING TECHNIQUES

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Security of information in this Information Technology (IT) era has been one of the challenges facing individuals and organisations.Among the measures developed by security experts to counter security threats is the Intrusion Detection System (IDS).Despite earlier research efforts to develop formidable IDSs, the existing systems still suffer from a high false alarm and inability to detect new (novel) attacks because of the high volume of features in network traffic.Therefore, this study aimed at developing IDS with an enhanced feature selection and classification method using two stages of attack identification.The feature selection phase employed Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to optimally select relevant features from Principal Component Analysis (PCA)'s projected principal space.The reduced dataset was passed into the misuse detector using C4.5 to classify network traffic into normal and attack.The "assumed" normal traffic further passed to the anomaly detector, the second-level classifier using Support Vector Machine (SVM) for detecting new attacks that the misuse detector has not previously detected.The proposed model was demonstrated on the KDD Cup'99 and NSL-KDD intrusion datasets, with the system achieving a false alarm rate of 0.53% and detection rate of 99.43% for NSL KDD dataset.The results show that enhancing the feature selection phase and classification method reduces the false alarm and improves the system's ability to detect zero-day attacks.
Connector/Conductor Wells: Multiple Wellbores With Downhole Connections

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 111441, "Connector-/ Conductor-Wells Technology in Brunei Shell Petroleum Achieve High Profitability Through Multiwellbores and Downhole Connections," by Shaikhan Al- Khodhori, SPE, Petroleum Development Oman; Hamoud Al-Riyami and Philip Holweg, SPE, Brunei Shell Petroleum; and John Wright, SPE, John Wright Company, prepared for the 2008 IADC/SPE Drilling Conference, Orlando, Florida, 4-6 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Connector/conductor (CC) wells were implemented in Brunei. The conductors (feeders) are horizontal wellbores drilled through the oil rims, with the section of the wellbore above the top of the reservoir abandoned. These conductor wellbores act as horizontal flow conduits in the reservoir. Production to the surface is through dedicated connector (producer) wells designed to connect several conductor wellbores and provide shared completion equipment to surface. Success of the Darat CC-wells project proved technically feasible for implementation in other fields. Introduction The Champion West field has several oil rims that are displaced vertically and laterally from each other. The volumes in these rims are too small to justify a dedicated producing well for each rim. The CC-well concept shown in Fig. 1 was proposed to develop these marginal oil rims. Also, it was recommended that the concept be proved further in the Darat asset before full implementation in the Champion West field because Darat is a lower-cost environment, has less-complicated subsurface features compared with Champion West, and has existing suspended exploration wells for intersection and connection. Fig. 2 shows the plan for the Darat CC well, where Well S-840 is a land well acting as the connector and Well S-833 is an offshore well acting as the conductor. Well S-833 was drilled at the end of 2005 and completed in November 2006, with two gravel-packed completion zones. The Darat CC well was to prove the following.The ability to "home in" and achieve a close proximity with the existing well of less than 40 cm at approximately 90° incidence angle without a plugback.The ability to connect the two wells (conductor and connector) mechanically and hydraulically and sustain sufficient flow through the connection. Two technical challenges or key technology areas that were critical for success were improving ranging accuracy and making a hydraulic connection between the two wellbores. Technical Solutions Homing-in and Bypass Strategy. Borehole-surveying instruments [e.g., measurement-while-drilling (MWD) and gyro technology] do not have sufficient accuracy to achieve the required trajectory and proximity to make a perforated connection. To close this gap, homing-in or ranging technology would be required. Two techniques were selected: single-wire guidance sys-tem (SWGS) and rotating-magnet ranging system (RMRS).
Lack of interference between small bowel capsule endoscopy and implantable cardiac defibrillators: an ‘in vivo’ electrophysiological study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Capsule endoscopy is a widely performed procedure for small bowel investigation. Once swallowed by the patient, the capsule transmits images to an external recorder over a digital radiofrequency communication channel. Potential electromagnetic interferences with implantable cardiac devices have been postulated. Clinical studies on the safety of capsule endoscopy in patients with cardiac defibrillators are lacking. Objective The aim of this study was to assess potential mutual electromagnetic interferences between capsule and defibrillators. Methods This study used the Given M2A video capsule system. Ten different types of defibrillators were tested in a clinical setting. Before capsule ingestion, defibrillator electrical therapies were switched off. During capsule endoscopy patients were monitored with cardiac telemetry. At the end of capsule endoscopy the following defibrillator’s parameters were analysed: change in device settings; inappropriate shocks; inappropriate anti‐tachycardia therapy; inappropriate sensing or pacing; noise detection; device reset; programming changes; permanent electrical damages. Any technical problem related to capsule image transmission was recorded. Results Neither defibrillator malfunction nor interference in sensing or pacing was recorded; conversely, no capsule malfunction potentially caused by defibrillators was registered. Conclusion Our results suggest that capsule endoscopy can be safely performed in patients with cardiac defibrillators.
Investigation on the potential of orange peel waste in the production of useful homemade solution

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Homemade solution from fermented orange peel has a high potential to be used as multipurpose cleaning agent. It was produced by undergoing fermentation process using a mixture of brown sugar, orange peel waste and water with correct proportion for at least 3 months. This proposed study was investigating the usefulness of the fermentation broth from orange peel waste as a dish cleaning detergent. In addition, it also aims to fractionate the protein mixture from different age of fermentation and identify its possible content. A proposed method for this study is the comparison of the cleaning power of the fermentation broth from different age with solvent. While, the possible content was examined by determining the distribution of molecular weight by using size exclusion chromatography (SEC), determination the molecular weight of protein in the sample by using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to detect possible organic acids. The results showed that 3 months fermentation broth has the highest cleaning power followed by 5 months and 1 month fermentation broths. While based on SEC result, it showed that all ages fermentation broths may contain α-amylase, protease and lipase and SDS-PAGE result proved that the existence of these three enzymes in the fermentation broths. Lastly, HPLC results showed that all ages fermentation broths contain lactic acid and succinic acid. In conclusion,3 months fermented broth from orange peel waste has the highest cleaning power and is quite comparable to the dish cleaning detergent. Other than that, all ages fermentation broths were fractionate to different kind of proteins and the possible contents were identified.
Predation in the Anthropocene: Harbour Seal (Phoca vitulina) Utilising Aquaculture Infrastructure as Refuge to Evade Foraging Killer Whales (Orcinus orca)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The rapid emergence of new marine developments (e.g., marine renewables, port infrastructure) alongside the substantial growth of existing industries has ultimately resulted in an unprecedented increase in anthropogenic structures within the marine environment over the previous century. Knowledge of whether marine species interact with, avoid, or accommodate and adapt to such structures is essential to ensure that further development of marine environments do not compromise conservation objectives of marine species. This article documents one such interaction. Herein, we describe the observation of a harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) seeking refuge from a group of foraging killer whales (Orcinus orca) within a blue (aka common) mussel (Mytilus edulis) farm. Aerial video footage (38 min 27 s) was collected using an unmanned aerial system during an encounter at an aquaculture site in Gulberwick Bay, Shetland, UK. Analysis of the footage showed the killer whale group spent 73.7% of the total encounter time exhibiting predatory associated behaviours and that they were observed interacting with the mussel farm infrastructure only during “predation activity” for a total of 26 min 52 s (72.8%). The harbour seal interacted with the mussel farm infrastructure during re- and proactive anti-predator behaviour and when exhibiting fatigue for 27 min 59 s, 94.4% of the total time the seal was observed. It is clear that both marine and terrestrial predator–prey interactions are increasingly occurring in settings that are in some way defined by the Anthropocene. The implications of this are discussed, including potential entanglement risk and human-altered “landscapes of fear.” As comprehension of the potential effects of human-altered risk grows, such knowledge should be taken into consideration prior to further modification of marine habitats.
Role of the intraoperative study in decision-making in urological oncology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:The intraoperative study is a main diagnostic procedure for decision-making in urological oncology.There are few publications, and they are mainly related to the evaluation of surgical margins.Objective: To determine the role of the intraoperative study (IS) in patients with uro-oncological neoplasms.Method: This was an analytical, observational, cross-sectional, and diagnostic test study.The anatomical-pathological results of patients treated in the Urology Service of the Instituto Regional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas Norte were evaluated, in the period 2010-2019, in which the result of the IS was compared with that obtained in the histological study (HS) processed in paraffin (gold standard).Results: Sixty-six EIO with their respective HE were included, 16 (24%) patients were females and 50 (76%) males.The average age was 52.1, with a range between 17 and 84 years.Of the total EIO, 37 (56.1%) were positive for malignant neoplasm, 28 (42.4%) were negative, and 1 (1.5%) could not be defined.In HE, the diagnosis was confirmed in 62 cases (95.4%) and discrepancies were found in 3 (4.6%).The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of the EIO were 94.7, 96.3, 97.3, 92.9, and 95.4%, respectively; likewise, the positive and negative likelihood ratios were 25.6 and 0.05.Conclusion: EIO in uro-oncology is useful and highly reliable in decision-making during surgery.
[Hepatic porphyria with hepatitis B virus infection: a case report].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

患者男,33岁,因反复腹痛,黄疸15 d入院.患者于2005年9月20日渐起腹痛,腹痛为脐周持续性隐痛,阵发性加重,皮肤巩膜逐渐黄染.当地医院查HBsAg阳性,ALT358 U/L,AST 184 U/L,TBil 383 μmol/L,直接胆红素(DBil)168 μmol/L,PTA 51%,血清淀粉酶(AMS)正常,腹部B超未发现异常。
Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ECoG to acoustic stimuli via an intracochlear electrode is feasible in standard cochlear implant recipients. The increased signal can improve the speed and efficiency of data collection. The growth of response magnitudes with deeper intrascalar electrode positions could be explained by closer proximity or favorable geometry with respect to residual apical signal generators. Reductions in magnitude may represent unfavorable geometry or cochlear trauma.
Steven Hall's the raw shark texts : reimagining the novel in media ecology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper studies the shifting position of the novel in digital culture with The Gutenberg Parenthesis as a larger framework. Using Steven Hall's The Raw Shark Texts as a site of investigation, we look at how the novel employs the technique of graphic experimentation, and interweaving of various multimedia into its narrative, so as to stay competent in an electronic era. Then, the argument that digital technologies will soon cause the death of the novel finds itself displaced by the notion that they in fact liberalize the novel, and even enhance it.
PENTINGNYA MENCIPTAKAN SUASANA PEMBELAJARAN BAGI ANAK USIA DINI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p><em>Education is an important asset for the advancement of a nation, therefore, every citizen should and must follow the level of education, good early childhood education, primary education, secondary education or higher. In the field of education, a child from birth requires proper care in meeting the educational needs along with an understanding of the characteristics of early childhood education becomes very important and a major concern. Because of the importance of education, the parents will be held responsible how they educate their children. This will also apply for tutors, teachers or caregivers. Therefore, give the best education for our children in accordance with the development level of children, in order to be child respect for parents and teacher at the school There are four main considerations importance of early childhood education, namely: (1) prepare manpower quality (2) encourage the acceleration of the economic cycle and the low social costs (3) to improve equity in public life (4) to help parents and children.</em></p>
Heatwave vulnerability of large metropolitans in Bangladesh: an evaluation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Heatwaves pose a significant risk to human society. Vulnerability to heatwaves is difficult to assess since it depends on a variety of factors, particularly at the local scale. This study aimed at evaluating the heatwave vulnerability of the five major cities of Bangladesh: Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, and Sylhet. A heatwave vulnerability index (HVI) was defined as a function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Timeseries Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer land surface temperature data for 2000–2019 was utilized. The HVI was calculated using a principal component analysis method. The findings of this study indicated that urban centers with a large proportion of built-up areas were more exposed to urban heat than their surroundings. The mean annual LST was highest in Dhaka, the capital, and lowest in Sylhet. Rajshahi and Sylhet had the largest percentage of heat-exposed and sensitive areas, respectively. Sylhet had the highest percentage of heat-vulnerable areas (63%) whereas Dhaka had the highest number of vulnerable people (12.5 million). Increasing urban green and blue infrastructures may help to lessen the negative effects of heatwaves. The methodology and findings of the study could serve as a blueprint for developing heatwave adaptation strategies in Bangladesh, and elsewhere.
Learning in action: embedding the SDGs through the Reach Alliance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract There has been increasing practical and scholarly interest in the engagement of universities with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, there has been limited examination of international university collaborations focusing on the SDGs and how they become embedded within universities. Addressing this need, this article explores the experiences of three members of the Reach Alliance a consortium of eight higher education institutions from around the globe. Reach supports students and faculty mentors to study how critical interventions can be made accessible to those who are the hardest to reach. This work aligns with SDG 4 (Quality Education), as well as SDG 17 (Partnership for the Goals) and the Goal's second universal value of leave no one behind. This commitment to connecting education and societal engagement resonates with Goddard et al.'s work on the civic university as both "globally competitive and locally engaged" (2012: 43). This article focuses on University College London (UK), Ashesi University (Ghana), and Tecnológico de Monterrey (Mexico), selected for their diverse structures and geographies. For each case, we examine how the Reach Alliance initiative has been institutionally embedded, as well as the role of local and global partnerships in making the case for supporting Reach. We find that Reach's organisation as an international network has encouraged its adoption by host institutions. The initiative's emphasis on both local concerns as well as the global goal and networks has also resonated with host institutions. This article will be of interest to those working in sustainability and higher education when considering strategies for introducing or increasing SDG-focussed research and teaching.