jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ENHANCING DISTANT LEARNING THROUGH EMAIL COMMUNICATION: A Case of BOU

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Today computer has replaced all means of traditional communication significantly. Many distant learning tools claim to be interactive, but few can offer two-way communication. Email is the most popular means of communication medium now-a-days. Therefore, it may be used as an educational tool for learning. In present socio-economic condition of Bangladesh, learners can afford computer, cell phone and Internet. We took this opportunity to investigate the prospective use of these tools for distant learning. The present survey has been carried out to understand the present status of Internet knowledge among the learners and their views for possible introduction of e-mail communication as supporting tool for learning. BOU’s available infrastructural facilities for providing Internet support have been investigated. Furthermore, possible solutions have been pointed out to provide e-mail facility to the learner in a cost effective way.
[The effect of combination therapy of cyclosporine with steroid on the production of gamma-interferon and interleukin-1 in kidney transplant recipients].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study examined the effects of CsA administered with steroid in vivo on the capacity of kidney transplant recipient mononuclear cells to generate cytokines and their gene expression at the level of messenger RNA (mRNA). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from CsA-Prednisolone (Pred) treated recipients displayed 66.9% inhibition (54.3 + 12.4 IU/ml, n = 42, p less than 0.01) of gamma-IFN production compared with normal individuals (134.6 + 18.6 IU/ml, n = 23). Azathioprine (Az)-Pred treated recipients displayed significantly less inhibition of gamma-IFN generation (96.0 + 16.1 IU/ml, n = 22, p less than 0.05) than CsA treated patients. Macrophages (m phi) from CsA-Pred treated recipients displayed 60.0% inhibition (5.1 + 0.7 U/ml, n = 20, p less than 21). These result were confirmed by the experiments using cDNA probe for gamma-IFN or IL-1 (alpha, beta). High levels of gamma-IFN mRNA in PHA-stimulated PBL or IL-1 (beta) mRNA in LPS-stimulated m phi were present in normal individuals, but not in CsA treated recipients as judged by hybridization to a cloned human gamma-IFN or IL-1 (beta) cDNA probe. These studies demonstrated that combination therapy of CsA with steroid inhibits both gamma-IFN and IL-1 gene expression at the level of mRNA at physiological concentration.
Predictive value of BRCA1/2 mRNA expression for response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in BRCA‐negative breast cancers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is well known that BRCA1 and BRCA2 play a central role in DNA repair, but the relationship between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mRNA expression and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in sporadic breast cancer patients has not been well established. Here, we investigate the association between BRCA1 or BRCA2 mRNA expression levels and pathological response in 674 BRCA1/2 mutation‐negative breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mRNA expression were assessed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction in core biopsy breast cancer tissue obtained prior to the initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A total 129 patients (19.1%) achieved pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Among patients treated with anthracycline‐based chemotherapy (n = 531), BRCA1 mRNA low expression patients had a significantly higher pCR rate than intermediate or high BRCA1 mRNA expression groups (24.6% vs 16.8% or 14.0%, P = .031) and retained borderline significance (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 0.93‐2.56, P = .094) in multivariate analysis. Among the 129 patients who received a taxane‐based regimen, pCR rate showed no differences in BRCA1 low, intermediate, and high mRNA level subgroups (19.6%, 26.8% and 21.4%, respectively; P = .71). BRCA2 mRNA level was not associated with pCR rate in the anthracyline‐based treated subgroup ( P = .60) or the taxane‐based regimen subgroup ( P = .82). Taken together, our findings suggested that BRCA1 mRNA expression could be used as a predictive marker in BRCA1/2 mutation‐negative breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant anthracycline‐based treatment.
Factors affecting the fouling of membranes in crossflow microfiltration

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Results from an on-going research programme are presented which illustrate the factors affecting
the fouling of polymeric microfiltration membranes by colloidal and fine particulate matter.
Experimental data obtained from a computer controlled crossflow apparatus show how flux decline
is influenced by a matrix of particle, suspension, membrane and process parameters. Relevant
variables such as feed concentration, crossflow velocity, filtration pressure and suspension pH are
delineated and separated to highlight the salient features of the crossflow process. The results
obtained to date from the project explain some of the anomalies which have been reported in the
published literature and indicate ways in which process design can be improved.
THE USE OF GIS TO CREATE A FORECAST OF SEARCH OF PERSPECTIVE HABITATS OF SOME SPECIES OF WILD MEDICINAL PLANTS WITHIN THE KUNGUR FOREST ISLAND

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a summary of the study on the creation and use of electronic inventory of wild medicinal plants, for example, Kungur island forest, developed with the help of GIS. Using the spatial analysis, the ranking of the territory according to the degree of occurrence of those or other kinds of medicinal plants. Thus, the spatial analysis has allowed to create the forecast map of areas potentially suitable for procurement of raw materials of wild medicinal plants.
Anatomy of the dromedary head skeleton revisited

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Dromedary Camel is known for its specific adaptation to the hostile environment of desert areas. Hence, it is a very interesting model to consider for biological and veterinary sciences. A good knowledge of camel head osteology is relevant to overcome the lack of accurate data useful for comparative anatomy, radiology and clinical practice. Methods: The present work studied the osteology of the camel skull at different age and investigates blood vessels and nerves passing through its foramina. Results: The obtained data show similarities with domestic mammals but also several peculiarities. These include particularly; the existence of an extensive temporal fossa; a prominent external sagittal crest in the adults which is replaced by a large parietal planum in the youngest; the supra-orbital foramina give access only to the frontal vein and thus cannot be used for the nerve block and anesthesia of the upper eyelids; supplementary foramens including, a retroarticular, a lateral sphenopalatine, an accessory maxillary and a lacrimal fontanel were described for the first time. Unlike that reported in the literature, the lacerate foramen is covered by a fibro-cartilaginous layer; whereas the carotid foramen is located caudally to the jugular foramen. The hyoid lingual process is lacking while the epihyoideum is well developed. The mandibular symphysis is well extended reaching 13.2 ± 0.8cm. Also, the literature controversy concerning the lower jaw dental formula was discussed and elucidated: I3-C1-PM2-M3. Conclusion: This study provides a deep anatomy description of the camel skull. The presented results are important for comparative anatomy and clinical investigations.
Experience with Flaps After Resection of Vulvar Carcinoma: A Case Series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: A defect caused by the radical resection of vulvar cancer requires repair with flap transplantation or vulvoplasty. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present a review of our practice of post-surgical defect reconstruction in cases using different skin flaps. Methods: An observational study was performed among 26 patients with vulvar cancer who were admitted to Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital between February 2015 and February 2020 for surgical and reconstructive procedures. Clinical data of these 26 patients were analyzed. All patients underwent radical resection of vulvar cancer, followed by the repair of post-surgical defects by random flap or axial flap transplantation (even for very complex defects). Results: Among the 26 cases in this study, all patients received 38 soft tissue reconstruction procedures for vulvar perineal defects during the study period. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most commonly diagnosed cancer (80.8%). The average size of the defect was 9.3 ´ 7 cm2. Rhomboid flaps were the most commonly used flaps for performing reconstruction in both the primary and recurrent groups. Poor wound healing was the most commonly discovered complication that occurred in 3 of the 38 flaps (7.9%) used. Previous surgery or radiotherapy did not increase the rate of complications after proper reconstruction was performed. Conclusion: Expanding resection is an effective technique for treating vulvar cancer. Different skin flaps, are effective premium options for post-surgical defect reconstruction, and selective use of skin flaps for treating vulvar defects preserves the vulvar morphology and allows for relatively better functionality.
Absorptive capacity and a failed cross‐border M&A

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Chinese companies are increasingly using cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) to source knowledge or strategic assets. For many, global acquisitions have proven to be highly problematic and value‐destroying. The purpose of this paper is to address this critical acquisition failure issue from an absorptive capacity perspective. Design/methodology/approach Guided by the framework that focuses on how acquiring a firm's weak absorptive capacity damages its ability to assimilate, integrate and apply external new knowledge, one high‐profile Chinese failed acquisition: TCL acquisition of France's Thomson's TV business in 2004 is analyzed empirically. Findings Acquisition performance of Chinese overseas M&A is found to be substantially affected by the acquiring firm's absorptive capacity at multiple dimensions. Research limitations/implications – The absorptive capacity construct provides an insightful account for differentials in Chinese overseas M&A performance. Practical implications For decision makers interested in formulating and implementing overseas M&A strategy, appropriate evaluation of their own firms’ absorptive capability should be the first step to take. Originality/value –This is the first paper to apply absorptive capacity arguments to Chinese resource‐driven M&A strategy, and will prompt business academicians and practitioners to think about M&A strategy in new and innovative ways.
High refractive index and temperature sensitivity LPGs for high temperature operation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A fiber optic sensor for high sensitivity refractive index and temperature measurement able to withstand temperature up to 450 °C is reported. Two identical LPG gratings were fabricated, whereas one was coated with a high refractive index (~1.78) sol-gel thin film in order to increase its sensitivity to the external refractive index. The two sensors were characterized and compared in refractive index and temperature. Sensitivities of 1063 nm/RIU (1.338 – 1.348) and 260 pm/°C were achieved for refractive index and temperature, respectively.
FINANCIAL IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT BY SELF-DETERMINATION – EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM FINLAND

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The aim was to examine the mechanisms involved when applying self-determination as a management concept. We called such an approach Management by Self-Determination (MbSD). We particularly wanted to examine the financial effects of MbSD. We formulated a model in which the financial performance of MbSD is mediated by the determinants of personnel productivity. We collected survey data from 252 randomly selected Finnish enterprises from all major branches of industry and all company sizes. We defined MbSD as (1) personnel related management values, (2) supervisor support, and (3) employee decision-making latitude. Together they formed the MbSD-index. Motivation, competence and work-ability were determinants of personnel productivity. Relative operating profit % indicated financial performance. We found some support for our model, which to some extent explains how self-determination operates as a management tool. We also found that there is some relationship between MbSD and the financial performance of the company. Management values and employee decision-making latitude seem to be particularly important. The direction of causality remained still open, however Keywords Management by self-determination, Human resource management, Financial effects, Strategic management, Productivity, Personnel productivity, Financial performance
Profilin connects actin assembly with microtubule dynamics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Profilin controls actin nucleation and assembly processes in eukaryotic cells. Actin nucleation and elongation promoting factors (NEPFs) such as Ena/VASP, formins, and WASP-family proteins recruit profilin:actin for filament formation. Some of these are found to be microtubule associated, making actin polymerization from microtubule-associated platforms possible. Microtubules are implicated in focal adhesion turnover, cell polarity establishment, and migration, illustrating the coupling between actin and microtubule systems. Here we demonstrate that profilin is functionally linked to microtubules with formins and point to formins as major mediators of this association. To reach this conclusion, we combined different fluorescence microscopy techniques, including superresolution microscopy, with siRNA modulation of profilin expression and drug treatments to interfere with actin dynamics. Our studies show that profilin dynamically associates with microtubules and this fraction of profilin contributes to balance actin assembly during homeostatic cell growth and affects micro­tubule dynamics. Hence profilin functions as a regulator of microtubule (+)-end turnover in addition to being an actin control element.
Modern Techniques for the Identification of Tryptamines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Tryptamine is the parent compound for one of the most popular families of the designer drugs. A number of analytical methods can be applied for the detection and identification of tryptamines. Ionization of molecules of the tryptamine-type designer drugs by a beam of electrons leads to characteristic breakdown of the bonds between the carbon atoms of the side chain. When considering the identification of tryptamines seized from the drug market or found in biological material as a result of intoxication, it is important to take into account their isomers originating from other chemical classes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry is a very popular assay used in forensic laboratories investigating samples seized from the drug market. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection is the other technique that is commonly used in forensic and clinical laboratories. The retention time of a substance from the chromatographic column is a very important parameter used for verification of the presence of a compound in a sample.
Mahdi Adamu and A. H. M. Kirk-Greene (eds.), Pastoralists of the West African Savanna, International African Seminars, New Series, No. 2, Manchester: Manchester University Press for the International African Institute, 1986, 391 pp., £35, ISBN 0 7190 2200 2.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mahdi Adamu and A. H. M. Kirk-Greene (eds.), Pastoralists of the West African Savanna, International African Seminars, New Series, No. 2, Manchester: Manchester University Press for the International African Institute, 1986, 391 pp., £35, ISBN 0 7190 2200 2. - Volume 58 Issue 1
Optimization of the structural and magnetic properties of the electrodeposited Ni–Fe–P coatings using ANOVA and response surface methods

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ni?Fe?P coatings have been successfully electrodeposited from Iron-Nickel sulfate bath under several conditions: Fe/Ni molar ratio (0.1?0.5), current density (15?55 mA cm(?2)) and solution pH (2?4). The chemical composition, morphology, structure and magnetic properties of the deposits were studied using SEM-EDX, XRD and AGFM techniques. The EDX results showed that the Ni?Fe?P coatings can be classified into two categories named low Fe content and high Fe content. Magnetic hysteresis loops displayed a soft magnetic character for all the deposited coatings. XRD and AGFM results revealed that the High Fe content coatings present a crystalline structure and high saturation magnetization, Ms, while those with low Fe content exhibited an amorphous structure with low Ms values. The central composite design (CCD) methodology using the ANalysis Of VAriances (ANOVA) and the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) have been applied to investigate the main and the interaction effects of several electroplating parameters on the crystalline phase proportion, CP, and the saturation magnetization, Ms, of the deposits. The ANOVA results showed that Fe/Ni ratio and pH are the most significant factors on the studied properties. A relationship between the factors and the studied responses (CP and Ms) has been established via a linear and quadratic model. A perfect agreement between the experimental and the predicted values is confirmed by high correlation coefficient values: R-2;=;0.97 for CP and 0.92 for Ms. The optimal factors required for the best properties of Fe?Ni?P coatings have been determined by the desirability function.
Effect of glutamine administered at different times on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the effect of glutamine administered at different times on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats. Methods:Eighty male SD rats were randomly assigned to receive normal saline in group C,5 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in group L,0.75 g/kg of glutamine and then 5 mg/kg of LPS 1 hour later in group G1,0.75 g/kg of glutamine and 5 mg/kg of LPS simultaneously in group G2,and 5 mg/kg of LPS and then 0.75 g/kg of glutamine 1 hour later in group G3,respectively. The rats were killed 4 hours after the injection of LPS. The lungs were sampled,and the lung wet/dry weight ratio,the level of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and the content of Evans blue were determined. The changes in lung morphology and ultrastructure were observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope,respectively. Results:Compared with group L,the lung wet/dry weight ratio,the level of TNF-α,and the content of Evans blue significantly decreased and the changes in lung morphology and ultrastructure were less severe in groups G1 and G2. Conclusion:Early administration of glutamine could ameliorate acute lung injury induced by endotoxin.
Thermoluminescence dating applied to glaciolacustrine sediments from central British Columbia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Glaciolacustrine and lacustrine sediments are important indicators of deglacial, interglacial, and nonglacial intervals within the Quaternary of Canada, yet there are no techniques for measuring their absolute deposition ages beyond the last ~ 50 000 years. In an attempt to develop an absolute dating tool for such sediments, we applied the partial bleach thermoluminescence (TL) dating technique to glaciolacustrine sediments of known age from central British Columbia. Samples were selected to represent both ice-proximal and ice-distal deposition and different modes of sedimentation.The results show clearly that both TL procedures and sedimentation processes, as reflected in the particle size and sedimentary structures of the samples, critically affected the accuracy of TL apparent ages. Specifically, care was required to isolate the effects of laboratory overbleaching, apparent glow-curve shifts, and inappropriate regression analysis. Clay-dominant layers lacking silt or sand interlayers produced expected ages, whereas sand- and silt-rich samples (with one exception) yielded excessive TL apparent ages. The single exception was a thin (9 mm), ice-distal, silt-rich layer.
An review for the heat transfer researches of Hypervapotron in the ITER first wall

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract For the steady running of the first-wall (FW) in international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER), it’s essential to introduce highly effective heatsinks which can bear high heat flux and remove it up to 30MW m -2 . Hypervapotron (HV) is one of the most promising devices in which the subcooled boiling plays a significant role. In this work, notable conclusions drawn by other researchers have been summarized, like “Vapotron effect” and “appearance of vortex”. Characteristics of different HV fabrications were compared at the same time. Especially, aiming at the optimization of Hypervapotron test section for FW in ITER, a series of selected HV heat transfer experiments were analysed thoroughly, including the working fluid parameters, structures of test section, CHF test results, etc. The most reasonable and reliable design of the test sections and corresponding parameters were chosen and optimized.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Efficient siRNA Delivery

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are inorganic materials with a highly ordered network of pores within a silicon oxide framework. This chapter focuses on describing the multiple advantages of using MSNs for the delivery of small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA). The outstanding structural features associated with the MSN platform bestow them with superior performance for combination therapies. MSNs have been investigated for siRNA delivery for various disorders such as cancer, fibrosis, and osteoporosis. Despite RNA therapeutics is mainly investigated for cancer treatment, their applications go beyond cancer. Theranostic platforms integrate simultaneous bioimaging and drug delivery for the treatment of a disease using a single nanocarrier. MSNs are ideal candidates for theranostic applications owing to the facile functionalization of their internal/external surfaces. RNA therapeutics is a burgeoning field in medicine that has the potential to target a wide variety of diseases.
Spatially predictive three-dimensional model of subsurface VOCs

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

As regulators rely more heavily on a cost-effective, risk-based approach to site regulation, the use of spatial geostatistical modeling and transport simulations are becoming indispensable. In California, it is anticipated that models will play an increasingly important role, such as in the establishment of Ground water {open_quotes}Non-Attainment Areas{close_quotes} per the Ground Water Basin Plan Amendments of August 17, 1994. For example, under this policy, in order for a site to be considered for candidacy as a Ground water {open_quotes}Non-Attainment Area{close_quotes}, the responsible party must present to the regulators a clear picture of the subsurface contaminant distribution. Three-dimensional (3-D) contaminant characterization with model results presented in computer graphics can unambiguously communicate the required information to regulators in a vastly improved manner over conventional contour plots. This discussion outlines the procedures in synthesizing a visual model through the use of a 3-D spatially predictive method the model`s engineering objectives of volume and mass estimates as well as uncertainty analysis are not discussed in detail.