jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tusla’s Parenting Support Champions Project: Process, Implementation and Outcomes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Prevention, Partnership and Family Support (PPFS) Programme is a comprehensive programme of early intervention and preventative work which is being undertaken by Tusla – Child and Family Agency in Ireland with the support of the UNESCO Child and Family Research Centre (UCFRC), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway). This Programme is being implemented collaboratively by Tusla and its partner organisations by way of five main work streams (Tusla, 2017), one of which is the Parenting Support and Parental Participation work stream. The Department of Children and Youth Affairs’ ‘High-Level Policy Statement on Supporting Parents and Families’ (2015) gives a policy platform for Tusla to strengthen and grow Parenting and Family Support as an effective prevention and early intervention measure to promote best possible outcomes for children. To that end, Tusla produced the Parenting Support Strategy, which ‘sets out the strategic direction of the Child and Family Agency in its role in supporting parents so as to improve outcomes for children and young people’ (Gillen et al., 2013). As part of the implementation of the strategy, Tusla has developed the Parenting Support Champions (PSC) Project. PSCs are existing practitioners working with children and families who are employed by Tusla and its partner organisations. At the time of writing there were 107 PSCs across Tusla’s 17 areas whose role is to: • Promote the objectives of the Parenting Support Strategy within their area. Part of this work is to support parental participation initiatives. • Facilitate parents getting involved in the planning, delivery, and evaluation of services in partnership with related initiatives and networks. • Promote the 50 key evidence-based parenting support messages, including Parenting24seven to parents.1 • Participate in relevant planning and networking events within their area that are related to the implementation of supports for parenting, where possible. The UCFRC at NUI Galway is responsible for the research and evaluation of the PPFS Programme, and its work focuses on the process and implementation and outcomes of the programme over its lifetime. This report details the findings of the research undertaken on the PSC Project. Preceding reports on the PSC Project include: The Parenting Support Champions Questionnaire Report, The Report of the Parenting Support Champions Regional Learning Group, and the Second Report of the Parenting Support Champions Regional Learning Group.2
Facultative Hunting Behavior in Rodents as a Possible Evolutionarily Stable Strategy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In three rodent species with different types of nutrition, a targeted “predator–prey” type interaction with mobile prey was revealed for the first time and described in detail. The granivorous striped field mouse, herbivorous narrow-skulled vole, and omnivorous Campbell’s dwarf hamster have an equally efficient, stereotypical hunting behavior that is in many ways similar to the behavior of the common shrew (specialized insectivorous species). At the same time, the hunting rate in rodents is lower than in insectivores. Unlike insectivorous species, rodents have a stereotypical hunting behavior that is manifested facultatively (completely, but not in all individuals). The portion of “hunters” in narrow-skulled voles is two times lower than that in striped field mice. The tactics of prey killing vary in different species: striped field mice, narrow-skulled voles, and shrews immobilize an insect with a series of quick bites; Campbell’s dwarf hamsters bite off limbs of the prey, which is apparently a manifestation of a more specialized hunting behavior. The nature of hunting attacks is different: first capturing the prey by teeth, rodents move to a capture with paws, while shrews use only teeth, which indicates a relative primitiveness of their predatory behavior. Campbell’s dwarf hamsters can start the attack with a capture using both teeth and paws, which characterizes their hunting behavior as the most evolutionarily advanced among the studied species. The stereotypes of hunting behavior in all three rodent species are manifested according to the principle “all at once” and are not affected by experience. The hunting behavior of rodents can be considered an evolutionarily stable strategy that supports the ability of populations to hunt moving insects in order to expand the spectrum of food resources.
In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Against Mycobacterium smegmatis MTCC 994

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tuberculosis (TB) presently represent one of the biggest world health problems and hence it is urgent to find new drugs that allow better control of the outbreak and arrest the emergence of patients with multiple drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) cases which have arisen alarmingly.There is a general consensus that antimicrobials from natural products might prove very effective and must be validated so that the same can be exploited for human well-being.The present study provides a scientific validity to chitosan, a natural and readily available compound as chitin over the crustacean body.The chitosan is biodegradable and biocompatible in nature and hence causes minimum hazards to the body.Chitosan solution have shown very effective antimicrobial property against M. smegmatis MTCC 994 which was selected for this study as this bacterium is non-pathogenic in nature, has fast growing rate and have similarity in cell wall composition with that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.The disc diffusion assay as well as resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) methods were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of chitosan.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the chitosan solution were found around 117.18 µg/ml.This finding suggests that even at lower concentrations, chitosan is very effective and hence can be potent antimicrobial agent in future for Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the MDR and XDR TB are evolving rapidly.The current study recommends similar research against Mycobacterium tuberculosis to evaluate the potential of chitosan to be used as anti-tuberculosis agent. HIGHLIGHTSm We studied antimicrobial activity of chitosan against Mycobacterium smegmatis MTCC 994.m The results are encouraging and chitosan can prove an efficient tool to fight TB in future for which further investigation is required.
Implementation of HPV vaccine worldwide and in Japan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

子宮頸がんはアジア，アフリカに多いことから，これらの地域においてヒトパピローマウイルス（HPV）ワクチンの普及が第一に望まれる．HPV ワクチンは HPV 感染率の減少，コンジローマの減少，CIN2＋の減少の報告を踏まえ，浸潤がんの減少が報告された．接種率の上昇とともに集団免疫効果の報告もみられた．世界では 3 回接種から 2 回接種へとシフトし，1 回接種の検証も始まっている．一方，わが国においては定期接種となったものの，その直後に積極的勧奨の中止が宣言された．HPV ワクチンの認知度が接種世代に低いことも問題で，今後のさらなる啓発活動が求められる．
Investigation of Anthocyanin Contents and Cytotoxic Activity in Different Extracts of Fruit Peel of Solanummelongena L.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background and Objectives: Anthocyanins are an important group of secondary metabolites, which are well-known and notablebecause of having high antioxidant activities, prevention of genetic mutation and cancers and also anti-aging properties. On the other hand, these compounds are also natural and widely used pigments in food and drug industries. The purpose of this research was to determine anthocyanin content, and cytotoxic activity in fruit peel of Solanum melongena cultivated in Kashan, and to compare the effect of extraction solvent. Methods: In this study, anthocyanin content of fruit peel of Solanum melongena with the common name of "egg plant" was determined using UV-Vis absorption method. To select the best extraction solvent, water, methanol, and ethanol were used to extract these valuable compounds. Also, the obtained extracts were investigated using brine shrimp lethality assay to determine cytotoxic activity and primary screening for the existence of anticancer effects. Results: The amount of extracted anthocyanins using water, methanol, and ethanol solvents, were 412, 354, and 293mg per 100g extract, and cytotoxic activity (LC 50 ) in these solvents were, respectively, 750, 525, and 1000µg/mL. Conclusion: In the present study, proving the existence of large amount of these compounds and their valuable properties, such as cytotoxic activity in different extracts of eggplant peel, which are discarded as garbage, shows the necessity of more attention to this type of valuable natural resources. Also, introducing “water” as the best solvent for extracting anthocyanins from eggplant peel, considering its low cost, non toxicity, and eco-friendliness , is one of the most important results of this research.
ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION SOURCES UTILISATION AMONG GRADUATE YOUTH EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMME (GYEP) BENEFICIARIES IN MAKURDI ZONE, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study examined utilisation of agricultural information sources among graduate youth empowerment programme (GYEP) beneficiaries in Makurdi Zone, Benue State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was employed in selecting 150 respondents among the last four years beneficiaries of the GYEP. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics. The result reveled that most of the respondents were within their active ages of production with relatively small household size, farm size and years of farming experience as indicated by the mean values of 33 years, 3 persons, 1.5ha and 3 years, respectively. The finding further showed that majority (67.3%) of the respondents were male, and 57.3% of the respondents had educational qualification of HND / B.Sc. Also, the results revealed that the major sources of information by the respondents were LBRBDA (90.6%), mobile phones (90.6%) and social media (81.3%) which were ranked 1st and 3rd, respectively. The findings revealed that extension agent (=3.5), contact farmers (=2.8), ADPs (=3.3) and LBRBDA (=4.0) were very effective agricultural information sources used by the respondents. The most severe constraints were inadequate extension agents, poor network connectivity, and high cost of ICT gadgets among others. It can be concluded that sources of agricultural information utilised by GYEP farmers were mainly through LBRBDA, social media and fellow farmers. It is recommended that there is a need to increase the number of extension agents and improve network connectivity. Also, to reduce the cost of ICT gadgets and airtime/data, this may help to facilitate information access and usage.
X-ray diffraction identification of the secondary phase responsible for the 407 nm emission band in NaCl:Sr2+:Eu2+

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An X-ray diffraction study was carried out together with luminescence measurements for NaCl:Sr2+:Eu24u+ single crystals under annealing treatment at 200 degrees C. It was found that the precipitation of secondary SrCl2 phase into the NaCl matrix is responsible for the presence of an Eu emission band peaking at 407 nm in the optical fluorescence spectrum of specimens annealed for a long period.
Precarious employment and mental health in Europe : Development, validation, and association with mental health of a novel cross-national measure

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This dissertation aims to advance knowledge on the contours of precarious employment (PE) as a social determinant of health by developing, validating, and evaluating the association with mental health of a novel measure of PE in Europe. A multidimensional summative scale conceptually grounded on the Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES) was built drawing on the European Working Conditions Survey-2015. Such scale, (namely, EPRES-E) consists of 13 items sorted into six dimensions (temporariness, vulnerability, disempowerment, exercise of rights, wages, and unpredictability of working times). The proposed structure proved to be valid first in Spain and, thereafter, in Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. Accordingly, the role of welfare states in the relationship between EPRES-E and poor mental health was tested in these countries, both among women and men. Consistent associations were found in all genders and welfare states analyzed. Besides, Central-Eastern welfare states were found to aggravate the abovementioned relationship among women, compared to their counterparts in continental welfare states. No differences were found among men, though.
Elder friendliness and social participation of older adults living within age-segregated retirement communities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study applied the concept of elder friendliness to leisure-oriented age-restricted communities and examined the social participation, satisfaction and support of residents in order to understand how such communities may facilitate or constrain social engagement. Results showed a significant positive correlation between actual group/community level participation and emotional support but lower satisfaction with frequency of group/community participation as compared to satisfaction with frequency of participation with individual friends. Married respondents were significantly more satisfied than non-married respondents with individual friendship participation. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between perceived neighbor trustworthiness and satisfaction with group/community activity participation. The ability of communities to respond to the needs of older adults is integral to their health and well-being. Social workers can support the quality of life of seniors at micro and meso levels by strengthening social networks and connecting seniors to their communities and at the macro level by providing advocacy and promoting livable and elder-friendly initiatives in community planning and development.
A Hardware/Software Architecture for UAV Payload and Mission Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an embedded hardware/software architecture specially designed to be applied on mini/micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). An UAV is low-cost non-piloted airplane designed to operate in D-cube (Dangerous- Dirty-Dull) situations [8]. Many types of UAVs exist today; however with the advent of UAV's civil applications, the class of mini/micro UAVs is emerging as a valid option in a commercial scenario. This type of UAV shares limitations with most computer embedded systems: limited space, limited power resources, increasing computation requirements, complexity of the applications, time to market requirements, etc. UAVs are automatically piloted by an embedded system named “Flight Control System”. Many of those systems are commercially available today, however no commercial system exists nowadays that provides support to the actual mission that the UAV should perform.This paper introduces a hardware/software architecture specially designed to operate as a flexible payload and mission controller in a mini/micro UAV. Given that the missions UAVs can carry on justify their existence, we believe that specific payload and mission controller s for UAV should be developed. Our architectonic proposal for them orbits around four key elements: a LAN based distributed and scalable hardware architecture, a service/subscription based software architecture and an abstraction communication layer.
FIRST NATIONS ON VIEW: CANADIAN MUSEUMS AND HYBRID REPRESENTATIONS OF CULTURE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Museums are important public sites for the representation and authentication of history and heritage in Canadian society.The study of history and ethnographic museums allows important insights into issues of race, ethnicity and identity, and especially how the colonial legacy has shaped how Canadians see themselves. Museums are a supreme expression of imperialist Europe — publicly funded institutions devoted to colonial sensibilities. This includes vast halls set up to display the “booty” of war and conquest as well as the mounds of material evidence produced by scientific research and collecting. Museums of the 19th century were concerned with objects (and objectifying) and possessed a foundational purpose to define what was cultured or civilized (and what was not). Early exhibits emphasized purity of race, the progression of history and the sense that the “white” European race was the pinnacle of evolution. Museums defined, and continue to define and present who we are as nations or communities or cultures, and inevitably separate the we from everyone else out there (Bennett, 1995; Hooper-Greenhill,1999). By using exhibition as its form of communication, museums set up frozen instances in time and fixed them, unchangeable, as expert truth; there was no opportunity then to contest or even engage in dialogue. Objects displayed, in public, for audiences to gawk at or exclaim over. This very act of exhibition was spectacular in the Debordian sense: a representation, divorced from reality, is presented to and consumed by an undifferentiated audience.
Morality and Ethics: A Review of Psychology and Marketing Literatures

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This book provides a review of the psychological and marketing literature on the topics of ethics and morality. The review begins by providing a foundation for the research in psychology and marketing by discussing the works of early thinkers such as, Plato, Socrates, Kant, Mill and Hume. In the psychology literature, a review of the early work conducted by Piaget and Kohlberg, as well as research provided by social scientists in the late 20th century (e.g. Forsyth and Haidt) illustrates that moral action has been viewed either as the result of deliberate moral reasoning, or as the immediate result of automatic action tendencies, both of which may be mediated by the moral definitions and beliefs embedded in an actor’s social environment. Finally, a review of marketing literature reveals that a number of useful models have been developed and numerous individual differences and environmental factors have been identified which influence ethical behavior and decision-making, but theory-guided research is still needed in the area of marketing ethics - - it should be noted, however, that the last few years have seen an explosion of this kind of research.
Inhibition of antigen-presenting cell function by alendronate in vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of bone resorption in vivo and are emerging as important and widely used drugs for the treatment of a variety of abnormal bone resorptive processes. In the current study we investigated the in vitro effects of 4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (alendronate), a recently developed, extremely potent bisphosphonate, on the immune functions of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMC proliferation induced by lectins, alloantigens, and a nominal antigen (tetanus toxoid) was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by alendronate. Pretreatment of monocytes, but not T cells, with the compound at concentrations ranging from 10−4 to 10−8 M was inhibitory, indicating that alendronate acts selectively on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Alendronate did not affect the viability of monocytes or T cells or the expression of cell surface molecules known to play critical roles in antigen presentation. Alendronate exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by activated monocytes. The inhibitory effect of 10−6 M alendronate on PBMC proliferation was reversed by 10 U/ml recombinant rIL-1β, whereas other cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) had no effect. Thus, alendronate acts on monocytes to inhibit their antigen-presenting/accessory cell functions through a mechanism that can be overcome by exogenous IL-1. The inhibitory effect of this agent on cytokine production may contribute to its inhibitory effect on bone resorption.
The Study on the Model of the Peace Education for “Reviving Life”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 대안적 평화교육 모형과 프로그램을 제안하는 데 목적을 두었다. 먼저, 선행연구 고찰을 통해 평화 개념에 대한 역사적・사상적 변천을 살펴보고, 생태적・실존적 삶과관계성을 강조한 새로운 평화 개념을 제시하였다. 다음으로, 학습자가 주체적으로 자기 삶의경험으로부터 평화와 관련된 이슈를 찾고 평화의 감수성과 실천력을 키우는 ‘삶을 살리는’ 평화교육 모형을 제시하였다. 이론적 배경으로는 학습자 중심의 학습 환경 설계 기틀로 제안된 바탕설계(Grounded Design)의 다섯 기반인 심리학적, 교육학적, 기술적, 문화적, 실용적 기반을 바탕으로, ‘개인적 삶–성찰–공동체 삶’으로 이어지는 변증법적 학습이론인 ‘life to Faith to Life’의 교육학적 접근을 적용하였다. 끝으로 위 모형을 활용하여 청소년 평화교육 프로그램인 ‘삶을 살리는 평화놀이터’를 제안하였다. 이는 총 8차시 과정으로 구성되어청소년들이 주도적으로 평화에 대한 자신의 체험과 비판적 성찰, 평화이론 접목과 평화실천을 모색해가는 교육과정으로 설계되었다.
Reviews in Medical Virology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Virology is a rapidly expanding field that covers many diverse and often very technical aspects. The discipline virtually requires review articles to explain and put into perspective new discoveries. Although one can find review articles relevant to virology in many different journals,Reviews in Medical Virologyis the only review journal devoted to this field and fills the niche very well by focusing on topics often lost in general microbiology review journals. The journal's aim is to "review the conceptual or technological advances in... molecular biology, cell biology, replication, pathogenesis, immunology, immunization, epidemiology, diagnosis or treatment of viruses of medical importance." When compared in size with standard virology journals,Reviews in Medical Virologyis not overwhelming. It averages 59 pages per issue, with six articles. This is a fraction of the length of theJournal of Virology, for example, which had 623 pages and 73 articles in its
Muscle development and regeneration controlled by AUF1-mediated stage-specific degradation of fate-determining checkpoint mRNAs

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance Muscle-wasting diseases are due in part to improper regulation of mRNA stability. Mutations in the mRNA decay protein AUF1 are linked to a specific form of muscle-wasting disease known as limb girdle muscular dystrophy that affects the muscles of the limbs and torso. How AUF1 is involved in regulating or promoting muscle regeneration is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that AUF1 controls all of the major stages of muscle development and regeneration, from control of the muscle stem (satellite) cell differentiation program through the development of mature muscle fibers, by selectively targeting for rapid degradation the major differentiation checkpoint mRNAs that block entry into each next phase of muscle development, thereby promoting each stage of muscle development.
A neural architecture for diagnosis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A neural classifier, well-adapted to the diagnosis problem, is presented in this paper. It is able to learn the non-convex envelop of the classes and so, to allow the rejection of points situated far from high density regions in the space. The basic component of the architecture is a Gaussian cell. The learning algorithm allows the incremental recruitment of the cells. A decision rule is proposed and compared to a classical decision rule. Experimental results are shown in a two and four-dimensional case.< >
Figures 13–16 in Taxonomic review of Chinese ant genus Probolomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Figures 13–16. Probolomyrmex vieti worker (No. G200002). 13. Head, full-face view. 14. Frontoclypeal projection and median vertical lamella, lateral view. 15. Body, dorsal view. 16. Body, lateral view.