jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinical Reasoning during Community Health Home Visits: Expert and Novice Differences

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Very little is known about the differences between novice and expert clinical reasoning in community health practice. This article presents the findings of a study of the clinical reasoning of five expert and five novice community health occupational therapists (CHOTs) during the conducting of home visits. A head-mounted video camera was used to record the visits, followed by the participants reporting their clinical reasoning verbally using a video-assisted debriefing method. The transcripts from these verbal reports were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative results demonstrated many differences between experts and novices in terms of the amounts and types of clinical reasoning used. For example, the novices used more procedural reasoning whereas the experts used more conditional reasoning and mixes of different reasoning types. The qualitative results demonstrated that the experts used a free-flowing conversational approach when reasoning during home visits whereas the novices depended on external structures such as assessment forms to guide the process. Given their experience and familiarity with the process, the experts were confident and clear in their reasoning whereas the novices were more awkward and self-conscious. The experts handled sensitive issues whereas the novices seemed to avoid them. The study findings may provide insights for student and novice therapists concerning expert CHOTs' practice and promote reflection in general on the attainment of expertise in clinical practice.
Potential employment of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a beneficial intervention in children with amblyopia: a brief overview

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Amblyopia is an early functional imbalance between each eye and the brain that may result in visual cortex inhibition. Current conservative treatments involve altering the input from the ‘good eye’, for example, using patching or biochemical penalization. Direct brain stimulation to the amblyopic cortex might improve the condition. This paper aimed to systematically review the published scientific literature regarding the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a potential method for treatment in the amblyopic visual cortex. This study was a systematic review of the published scientific literature related to theTMS for the treatment of amblyopia that was performed using “TMS, amblyopia” as keywords. However, only three research papers were found and included in the literature review. A study showed that repetitive TMS of the visual cortex can temporarily improve contrast sensitivity in the amblyopic visual cortex. Another study used continuous thetaburst stimulation (cTBS) delivered to the visual cortex while patients viewed a high contrast stimulus with their non-amblyopic eye. It was found that daily theta burst TMS stimulation improved amblyopic eye contrast sensitivity in five adult volunteers. The TMS also increased median visual acuity in the patient with amblyopia after stimulation with no significant changes in the placebo group.Protocol employing repetitive administration of TMS might result in beneficial effects in amblyopia treatment. TMS works in brain dynamics and experience-dependent plasticity, all of which could be important in investigating and treating amblyopia.
The Impact of Nintendo's "For Men" Advertising Campaign on a Potential Female Market

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In order to emphasize the maturation of their hand-held console and increase its appeal to an adult market, Nintendo's UK advertising campaign for the Game Boy Advance SP drew explicitly upon Œlad' culture and a tongue-in-cheek appropriation of cologne advertising. In this campaign, the lead and most prominent promotional advert for the device used an image of the Game Boy with the tagline "For Men". This paper outlines why Nintendo's decision to present the Game Boy as a male accessory prompted exploration into its potential impact on the female market. Much of the emerging research field examining female participation in game cultures had at that point tended to focus its attention on exploring the experiences of different female groups with a variety of software titles and its associated communities. In contrast, this paper addresses participants' perceptions of the gaming industry and its relevance to them as a (potential) consumer by taking a hardware device as its focus. This was achieved by conducting a series of focus groups, with a range of both experienced and inexperienced female game players, during which participants were asked to engage with the hand-held device and experience both its single and networked game-play capabilities with the game Legend of Zelda. The findings address participants' awareness and views on the extent to which gaming is coded male and its ramifications for their participation in game cultures.
A new species of Cnemidophorus (Squamata, Teiidae) from the Cerrado biome in central Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We describe a new species of Cnemidophorus from the northern portion of the Cerrado biome in Tocantins state, Brazil. This species is apparently endemic to the Jalapão, one of the least populated regions of central Brazil, characterized by large tracts of the cerrado physiognomy on sandy soils. A discriminant analysis indicated that scales around tail and femoral pores are the best discriminators among bisexual, Brazilian species of Cnemidophorus south of Amazonia. A naïve Bayesian network constructed with categorical (mostly coloration) variables indicated that the new species had high conditional probabilities of the following qualitative characters: vertebral field light, dorsolateral stripes interrupted, upper lateral stripes continuous, ventral caudals smooth, and dorsal caudals keeled. Ecologically, this species is similar to other New World whiptail lizards except that it is small in body size and females produce clutches of a single egg.
‘Lines of flight’ in city food networks: A relational approach to food systems transformation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper focuses on multi-actor partnerships within city food networks geared towards food system transformation. While an emergent body of research uncovered collective tactics in the context of urban food strategies, more research is needed to understand how tactics mobilised by multiple state, civil society, and market actors change based on different engagements and connections – namely their relational aspects. We conducted a systematic literature review of interdisciplinary research on Fair Trade Towns, one of the most globally widespread examples of multi-actor city food networks, to observe tactics from a relational perspective, analysed through the Deleuzian theoretical device of ‘lines of flight’. Findings show what tactics are employed by different state, civil society, and market actors in city food networks, and how these different partnerships act along ‘lines of flight’, activated relationally depending on the connections and the power dynamics in different assemblages. We conclude by identifying new avenues for future research to understand the relational, unfolding, and complex character of food system transformation.
Chromosome identification of the rusty-spotted cat (Felis rubiginosa): One more down and four to go

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY The chromosomes of the rusty-spotted cat, Felis rubiginosa , of Sri Lanka (Ceylon) were analyzed. Although the 38-chromosome complement of F rubiginosa closely resembles that of several other species, it seems to be unique with only minor variations in the D and F chromosomes. This reduces, from 5 to 4, the number of the 37 recognized world feline species not yet cytogenetically studied. Despite great differences in size and distribution, the feline species of the world are one of the most homogenous families of mammals, with only subtle chromosomal differences separating most species. By comparative cytogenetic analyses, it is becoming possible to map the probable evolutionary pathway of the world’s cats.
The Surface Properties of Chrysotile Asbestos

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Surface Properties of Chrysotile AsbestosF. H. Healey and G. J. YoungCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1954, 58, 10, 885–886Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150520a020https://doi.org/10.1021/j150520a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Patterns of magnesium content in Arctic bryozoan skeletons along a depth gradient

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A growing body of evidence suggests that ocean acidification acting synergistically with ocean warming alters carbonate biomineralization in a variety of marine biota. Magnesium often substitutes for Ca in the calcite skeletons of marine invertebrates, increasing their solubility. The spatio-environmental distribution of Mg in marine invertebrates has seldom been studied, despite its importance for assessing vulnerabilities to ocean acidification. Because pH decreases with water depth, it is predicted that levels of Mg in calcite skeletons should also decrease to counteract dissolution. Such a pattern has been suggested by evidence from echinoderms. Data on magnesium content and depth in Arctic bryozoans (52 species, 103 individuals, 150 samples) are here used to test this prediction, aided by comparison with six conceptual models explaining all possible scenarios. Analyses were based on a uniform dataset spanning more than 200 m of coastal water depth. No significant relationship was found between depth and Mg content; indeed, the highest Mg content among the analyzed taxa (8.7 % mol MgCO3) was recorded from the deepest settings (>200 m). Our findings contrast with previously published results from echinoderms in which Mg was found to decrease with depth. The bryozoan results suggest that ocean acidification may have less impact on the studied bryozoans than is generally assumed. In the broad context, our study exemplifies quantitative testing of spatial patterns of skeletal geochemistry for predicting the biological effects of environmental change in the oceans.
Flexible Setup for the Measurement of CMOS Time-Dependent Variability With Array-Based Integrated Circuits

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an innovative and automated \nmeasurement setup for the characterization of variability effects \nin CMOS transistors using array-based integrated circuits, \nthrough which a better understanding of CMOS reliability could \nbe attained. This setup addresses the issues that come with the \nneed for a trustworthy statistical characterization of these effects: \ntesting a very large number of devices accurately but, also, in a \ntimely manner. The setup consists of software and hardware \ncomponents that provide a user-friendly interface to perform the \nstatistical characterization of CMOS transistors. Five different \nelectrical tests, comprehending time-zero and time-dependent \nvariability effects, can be carried out. Test preparation is, with the \ndescribed setup, reduced to a few seconds. Moreover, smart \nparallelization techniques allow reducing the typically timeconsuming \naging characterization from months to days or even \nhours. The scope of this paper thus encompasses the methodology \nand practice of measurement of CMOS time-dependent \nvariability, as well as the development of appropriate \nmeasurement systems and components used in efficiently \ngenerating and acquiring the necessary electrical signals
The effect of starter combination and types of milk against physicochemical characteristics of cow milk yoghurt

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Yoghurt was produced through the fermentation of bacteria Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus. In making yoghurt, various kinds of milk can be used such as: fresh milk, skim milk and full cream milk. The purpose of the study is to provide yoghurt in accordance with the right application of milk and yoghurt starter. The findings of research provide scientific information that useful for the technology development in the field of cow's milk processing industry. The study began with making starter, processing milk to be yoghurt and storing them in cold temperatures for four weeks. The study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The first factor is the number of starter/Lactic Acid Bacteria (e1 = Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus; e2 = combination of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophillus, Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus casei). The another factor is types of milk (s1 = fresh milk and s2 = skim milk). The parameter was discussed are physicochemical analysis including pH, protein, fat and lactose content. The results was showed the types of milk and the amount of starter used had a significant effect on fat content, protein content and lactose of the yoghurt produced did not match the pH value of yoghurt during storage at 4 weeks. The pH value obtained from fresh milk ingredients with a combination of 4 starters, a good level of yoghurt protein is produced from fresh milk ingredients with a combination of 2 starters, good fat content obtained from skim milk ingredients with a combination of 2 starters and fresh milk with a combination of 4 starters, while good lactose content in a combination of 2 starters both in fresh milk and skim milk.
Review of Current Neuroimaging Studies of the Effects of Prenatal Drug Exposure: Brain Structure and Function

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neuroimaging tools have provided novel methods for understanding the impact of prenatal drug exposure on brain structure and function and its relation to development and behavior. Information gained from neuroimaging studies allows for the investigation of how prenatal drug exposure alters the typical developmental trajectory. The current prevalence and characteristics of prenatal drug exposure and its implications for vulnerable periods of brain development are reviewed. Structural and functional neuroimaging methods are introduced with examples of how study results from prenatal alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, and tobacco exposure further our understanding of the neurodevelopment impact of prenatal drug exposure. Prenatal drug neuroimaging studies have advanced our understanding of mechanisms and functional deficits associated with prenatal drug exposure. Studies have identified brain circuits associated with the default mode network, inhibitory control, and working memory that show differences in function as a result of prenatal drug exposure. The information gained from studies of prenatal drug exposure on brain structure and function can be used to make connections between animal models and human studies of prenatal drug exposure, identify biomarkers of documented effects of prenatal drug exposure on behavior, and inform prevention and intervention programs for young children.
ETHNOMATHEMATICS: COCONUT SHELL CHARCOAL PRODUCTION PROCESS IN POND VILLAGE AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to reveal and implement mathematics learning with community activities. This research focuses on the production process of charcoal handicrafts derived from coconut shells by communities in Kampung Kolam, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. This research uses qualitative research methods with an ethnographic approach. The method of data collection in this study is by observation, interviews, and documentation. This research instrument is the researcher himself who is supported by observation sheets, interview sheets, stationery, and documentation tools. Data analysis techniques used in this study are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. While the data validity technique in this study uses triangulation techniques, namely by comparing data based on observations, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that there is a mathematical concept in the coconut shell charcoal production process, namely build a curved side space contained in a hollow hemispherical coconut shell and a tubular kiln used, build a flat side space contained in the block-shaped kiln used, a comparison of the value and reverse value contained in time and the number of coconut shells used.
Chemical Analysis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Asphodelus aestivus Brot. Flowers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Asphodelus species are among many plants used in traditional medicine, they are used by native peoples for various pathologies.Asphodelus aestivus Brot. is one of Asphodelus species which is considered an important wild medicinal plant growing mainly at Mediterranean region.The present study aims to investigate the chemical constituents and cytotoxic evaluation of A. aestivus flowers.Petroleum ether extract was analyzed by GC/MS assay which revealed the characterization of twenty nine compounds, representing 93.13% of total extract.Also, the chromatographic investigation of the hydromethanolic extract led to the isolation of ten phenolics.They were identified as kaempferol (1), kaempferol 3-Oglucoside (2), kaempferol 3,7-di-O-glucoside (3), luteolin 7-O-glucoside ) 4), isoorientin (5), isoorientin 7-O-glucoside (lutonarin) (6), caffeic acid ( 7) emodin ( 8), apigenin 7-O-glucoside (9) and isovitexin-7-O-glucoside (saponarin) (10), from which, five compounds ((2, 3, 6-8) have been isolated for the first time from A. aestivus.Furthermore, LC-ESI-MS chemical profiling managed to detect the minor contents and led to the annotation of thirteen additional metabolites.In addition, the petroleum ether and the hydromethanolic extracts were investigated against four human carcinoma cell lines; HepG2, HCT-116, MCF-7 and A549 at concentration of 100 mg/mL.The results showed moderate % of inhibition against MCF-7 (63.8 and 68.4) followed by HepG2 (52.3 and 65.7), respectively.Both extracts showed weak inhibition (5.7-14.3%) on HCT-116 and A549.To the best of our knowledge, this is considered the first report of the chemical analysis and biological evaluation of A. aestivus flowers.
Natural Resource Damage Assessments: Is Cooperation a Good Thing?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract It has been nearly 55 years since the United States enacted the Clean Water Act (CWA) in which natural resource damages (NRD) were codified.1 The NRD cause of action, originally derived from the public trust doctrine and common law, was later integrated into the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) in 1980 and into the Oil Pollution Act (OPA) in 1990. In response to the establishment of CERCLA and OPA, the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) was charged with developing and promulgating NRD regulations under CERCLA while the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was charged to do so under OPA. Originally, DOI’s approach to assessing NRD under CERCLA emphasized monetary compensation, as this was a simple common denominator. Later, under OPA, NOAA’s regulations allowed NRD to be determined by, and compensated with, an ecological currency, e.g., using a Habitat or Resource Equivalency Approach (HEA2, REA3). This focus on putting restoration front and center in NRD assessments (NRDAs)4 was ultimately integrated into the DOI regulations in 2008. A critical and evolving aspect of NRDAs has been the concept of cooperation between the responsible party (RP) and the trustees in undertaking the NRDA (e.g., Israel 2006a; Connor and Gouguet 2005; Reinharz et al. 2005). This approach, supported by NOAA and others, is an effective means to identify and resolve legal uncertainties through stipulations and create working relationships that effectively focus on assessment resolution and restoration implementation; the ultimate outcome being a more rapid path to restoration and a significant decrease in litigation and other transactional costs. Over the past decade, the benefits of cooperative assessments have been questioned. It has been suggested that cooperative NRDAs do little to move the process forward in a timely manner. It has been further implied that cooperation equates to RPs paying up front for the cost of the assessment while the trustees conduct the assessment. In truth, both perspectives are correct, the reality being that cooperation means different things to different people. In this paper, we examine the historical underpinnings of the NRDA regulations, how this led to the development of the cooperative, restoration-based NRDA process, and the pros and cons of the cooperative NRDA process. We identify some of the inherent political, technical, cultural, and legal challenges with the cooperative NRDA paradigm as well as some of the benefits. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cooperation in the context of future NRDA cases, with an eye towards identification of specific processes that may help better understand or predict if cooperation is the best path forward for resolution of NRD liability.