jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Significance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of Bone Marrow in Previously Untreated Patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: To determine the prognostic value of spinal bone MRI in symptomatic patients with multiple myeloma requiring treatment. Materials and methods: Between January 1990 and Decmber 2001, 142 patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) underwent MRI of the spine before initiation of treatment. All patients received primary treatment based on high dose pulse dexamethasone (D) such as VAD or Melphalan + D. High-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation was administered to 61 patients. MRI patterns of involvement were correlated with known prognostic variables of myeloma (including the International Staging System (ISS)), with response to treatment and with survival. Results: Focal marrow lesions with intervening normal marrow were identified in 50% of patients, diffuse marrow replacement in 28%, a variegated pattern consisting of innumerable small foci of marrow replacement on a background of normal marrow in 14% and normal MRI pattern in 8% of patients. When patients with diffuse pattern were compared to patients with other MRI patterns, they had features of more advanced disease such as higher ISS, anemia, hypercalcemia, extensive bone marrow plasmacytosis, elevated serum LDH and impaired renal function. Patients and disease features were similar among patients with normal, focal or variegated MRI patterns. The frequency of response to primary treatment was similar among patients with different MRI patterns. Median survival was 24 months for patients with a diffuse pattern, 51 months for those with a focal pattern, 52 months for variegated and 56 months for patients with normal pattern (p=0.001). The presence or absence of diffuse MRI pattern separated the patients with ISS 1 and 2 into two subgroups with significantly different survival times of 28 months and 61 months respectively (p=0.01). Among patients with ISS 3, those with a diffuse pattern had a median survival of 18 months, whereas the remaining patients survived for a median of 30 months (p=0.5). Furthermore, a diffuse pattern predicted an inferior outcome both in patients who did or did not receive high dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation. Conclusion: MRI of the spine before treatment provides prognostic information for symptomatic patients with myeloma, especially for those with ISS 1 or 2. Diffuse marrow replacement on MRI of the spine identifies patients with advanced MM who have a poor prognosis. Such patients are candidates for innovative treatments.
Digital Models Of Test Objects Captured By Rfsat Ltd Using 3D Photogrammetry

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This data set contains a number of digital models produced via 3D photogrammetric scanning as part of the SCAN4RECO project, funded by the European Horizon'2020 program. Scanning and processing of models was done with Pix4D Mapper and Autodesk ReMake software from images captured with Canon 5DS camera in 50 Megapixel image resolution. Example objects include Byzantine icons painted on wood, oil paintings on canvas and painted Venetian carnival paper masks. Selected models can be also seen in the SCAN4RECO Virtual Museum developed by CERTH-ITI:
http://scan4reco.eu/scan4reco/content/scan4reco-virtual-museum
Gammaherpesviral infections in patients with immunological disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Human herpes virus type 4 (HHV-4), commonly known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) are members of Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. They both develop latent infections in B lymphocytes. Infection with these viruses in immunocompetent patients is usually mild and self-limiting, but it can have more severe course in immunocompromised individuals. Failure of the immune system often leads to oncogenesis related to gammaherpetic infection. Thus, immunocompromised patients are far more likely to develop proliferative diseases caused by EBV or HHV-8. This problem also applies to HIV-positive individuals coinfected with EBV or HHV-8. Gammaherpesviruses can also be the cause of post-transplantation issues in patients on immunosuppressive drugs and EBV is known to induce severe clinical syndromes in people with specific genetic disorders. Presented article summarizes epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndromes and treatment of EBV and HHV-8 in individuals with immunological disorders. 1. Introduction. 2. Gammaherpetic infections in patients with HIV/AIDS. 2.1. Burkitt’s lymphoma. 2.2. Other lymphomas associated with EBV, 2.3. Kaposi sarcoma, 2.4. Multicentric Castleman’s disease. 2.5. Primary effusion lymphoma. 3. Gammaherpetic infections in immunosuppressed individuals. 3.1. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. 3.2. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. 3.3. Hodgkin lymphoma. 3.4. KSHV infections. 4. Gammaherpetic infections in intrinsic immune deficiency syndromes. 5. Summary
GOAssay: from Gene Ontology to Assays IDentifiers – Towards Automatic Functional Annotation of PubChem BioAssays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: We report on a experiment to functionally annotate PubChem assays using the Gene Ontology Categorizer (GOCat). METHODS and MATERIALS: The assays are processed to filter out non functional information, then the textual content is sent to the categorizer, which provide a ranked list of GO descriptors based on a GOA-learned association model. RESULTS: The GO descriptors are regarded as irrelevant for only 18% of the assays. CONCLUSION: Semantic enrichment of PubChem assays with functional genomics categories seems effective at least to navigate PubChem assays. AVAILABILITIES: the database is hosted by the University of Indiana at "http://goassay.rguha.net/index.html":http://goassay.rguha.net/index.html; the GO categorizer interface and service is available at the University of Geneva "http://eagl.unige.ch/EAGLi/":http://eagl.unige.ch/EAGLi/.
Genetic dissimilarity between biofortified lettuce genotypes for leaf carotenoid levels

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lettuce is the main leafy vegetable, presenting the highest consumption and economic importance in the world. In the recent decades, concerns about vitamin A deficiency have led Brazilian researchers to develop cultivars with higher levels of carotenoids provitamin A. Therefore the experiment aimed to verify the genetic dissimilarity of biofortified lettuce genotypes, investigating the correlation between agronomic characteristics and the potential for use to increase the carotenoid content in future breeding programs. Ninety one genotypes were evaluated, with 86 lettuce strains from hybridization between cultivars Pira 72 versus Uberlândia 10000 (rich in carotenoids) followed by three successive self-fertilizations and 5 commercial cultivars (Grand Rapids; UFU MC BIOFORT1; Pira 72; Uberlândia 10000 and Robusta).During the course of the trial, were evaluated characteristics as chlorophyll content of the leaves, plant diameter, stem diameter and the number of leaves per plant were counted. Genetic diversity was represented by a dendrogram that was obtained using the hierarchical method of UPGMA and the optimization method of Tocher. There is genetic divergence between the lettuce genotypes analyzed, and the carotenoid content character contributed most significantly to the divergence between the evaluated genotypes. The UFU215#12 genotypes; UFU215#14; UFU215#2; UFU 215#1; UFU215#4; UFU199#3 and UFU199#2 have good agronomic characteristics and high levels of carotenoids, being promising to continue the biofortified lettuce breeding program, aiming to obtain new cultivars rich in carotenoids pro vitamin A.
Analysis of Interface Deformation of Steel-Concrete-Steel Sandwich Beam

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The effect of the interface slip is neglected in most studies on calculating deflection of sandwich beams. By taking a simply supported sandwich beams under uniformly distributed loads as an example, simplified analytical models of the interface slip are established, and corresponding clculation formulas of interface slip between steel panels and concrete and section curvatures are derived. The formula for deflection of sandwich beams are then presented. This formula reflects the relationship of influence each other between the interface slip and deflection.
Cutaneous Feedback of Fingertip Deformation and Vibration for Palpation in Robotic Surgery

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Despite its expected clinical benefits, current teleoperated surgical robots do not provide the surgeon with haptic feedback largely because grounded forces can destabilize the system's closed-loop controller. This paper presents an alternative approach that enables the surgeon to feel fingertip contact deformations and vibrations while guaranteeing the teleoperator's stability. We implemented our cutaneous feedback solution on an Intuitive Surgical da Vinci Standard robot by mounting a SynTouch BioTac tactile sensor to the distal end of a surgical instrument and a custom cutaneous display to the corresponding master controller. As the user probes the remote environment, the contact deformations, dc pressure, and ac pressure (vibrations) sensed by the BioTac are directly mapped to input commands for the cutaneous device's motors using a model-free algorithm based on look-up tables. The cutaneous display continually moves, tilts, and vibrates a flat plate at the operator's fingertip to optimally reproduce the tactile sensations experienced by the BioTac. We tested the proposed approach by having eighteen subjects use the augmented da Vinci robot to palpate a heart model with no haptic feedback, only deformation feedback, and deformation plus vibration feedback. Fingertip deformation feedback significantly improved palpation performance by reducing the task completion time, the pressure exerted on the heart model, and the subject's absolute error in detecting the orientation of the embedded plastic stick. Vibration feedback significantly improved palpation performance only for the seven subjects who dragged the BioTac across the model, rather than pressing straight into it.
Clinical value of cadaveric renal homotransplantation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cadaveric renal transplantation was found to be potentially applicable to 80% of a uremic population as observed over a six-year period. Death prior to presentation of a donor kidney occurred in 25%, 40% have received transplants and 15% are awaiting transplantation. Transplantation resulted in restoration of near normal renal function and homograft survival rates of 45% at one year, 40% at two years and 17% at four years. Failure of the therapeutic procedure resulted more often from death of the patient than from failure of the donor organ. Patient death was most frequently ascribed to complications of the immunosuppressive therapy, but cardiovascular accidents were also a significant cause. Early renal failure was due to hyperacute or acute rejection, while the cause of late renal failure remains unproved. Re-transplantation was effective treatment for late failure and, as a result, the four-year patient survival is nearly 40% compared to four-year initial kidney survival of 17%.
Correlation between the aerological atmospheric refractivity and the received level of non-line-of-sight FM radio waves

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

After the Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake in 1995, Kushida et al. reported that they had detected propagation anomalies of the non-line-of-sight FM radio wave of 77.1MHz broadcasted from Sendai. They hypothesized that the propagation anomalies were due to the ionospheric disturbances which might be affectted by the earthquake. Then, non-line-of-sight FM radio waves have been observed to clarify the hypothesis at many electromagnetic observatories. We also started observation of non-line-of-sight FM radio waves with a dual frequency method from 1996. Now, more than 140 tuners have been operated at our twelve observatories in Japan. Our previous observation results suggested that propagation anomalies might be affected by meteorological conditions rather than by the ionospheric disturbances. It is highly required to investigate the propagation characteristics of non-line-of-sight FM radio waves and the meteorological data near propagation paths. So we have been observing non-line-of-sight FM radio waves at Kajigamori electromagnetic observatory in order to clarify correlation between the aerological atmospheric refractivity and the propagation characteristics of FM radio waves. The observed FM radio wave frequencies were 88.0MHz from Oita and 83.2MHz from Miyazaki. The observation period was for 3 years from January 2006 to December 2008. It was found from our observational results that the received levels of non-line-of-sight FM radio waves had seasonal variations in their fluctuations. The fluctuation levels in summer season were larger than those in winter. They were strongly correlated with the aerological atmospheric refractivity.
Adsorption of benzo(a)pyrene on to asbestos and manmade mineral fibres in an aqueous solution and in a biological model solution.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The adsorption of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on to three types of asbestos (chrysotile antophyllite, and amosite) and three types of manmade mineral fibres (MMMF) (rock wool, slag wool, and glass wool) in a physiological water solution was studied. Adsorption was determined from the decrease in the liquid concentration of BaP on the addition of the solid material. Results show that all the fibres weakly adsorb BaP, approximately within the same order of magnitude. The combined adsorption of BaP and phosphatidylcholine (PC) on to chrysotile and amosite asbestos and on to rock wool in aqueous solution was also studied. PC, one of the major constituents in lung surfactant, forms a separate lipid phase in water consisting of micellar liposomes or lipid bilayers. A decrease in the liquid concentration of PC was found when any of the three materials was added, indicating adsorption of the lipid phase on to the fibres. A coincident decrease in the liquid concentration of BaP was also found indicating that BaP is readily solubilised in PC and will accompany the adsorption of this compound on to the fibres. Owing to the high lipid aqueous partition coefficient of BaP, it is concluded that the direct adsorption of BaP on to the fibres will be negligible when PC is present in the system even at low concentrations. Phospholipid adsorption by the fibres and not their direct adsorption of aromatic hydrocarbons should therefore be the crucial parameter for this indirect interaction between fibres and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Tensile Strain Characteristics of Small-Scale Fracture Toughness Test Specimens Under Loading

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Pipelines are susceptible to significant longitudinal deformation in areas affected by ground movements, including slope movement, frost heave, thaw settlement and/or erosion. The assessment of tensile strain capacity in girth-welded pipes with circumferential cracks, therefore, is of utmost importance when designing pipelines exposed to these geohazards. However, variations in strain calculation and measurement methods can lead to design inaccuracies due to the uneven strain distribution resulting from the inhomogeneous material properties in the weldment region of the pipe containing a crack. This study examines strain characteristics of small-scale single-edge notched tension (SENT) and single-edge notched bend (SENB) specimens under loading, compared to published data from intermediate-scale curved-wide plate test (CWPT) and full-scale (FS) pipe tests from the same pipe material and nominally identical girth welds. The findings in this study reveal that the stress distribution and responses of the SENT specimens closely resemble those of the CWPT and FS tests, exhibiting asymmetrical strains and asymptotic remote strains. It is important to emphasize that the fracture toughness of pipe/weld materials is influenced by the level of constraint at the crack tip. As a result, SENT tests are being used to evaluate the fracture toughness, due to the similarity in constraint between SENT specimens and FS pipes, rather than strain characteristics. The objective of this study is to enhance the understanding and characterization of strain behavior for a girth-welded pipeline.
Optimized ANN-based Approach for Estimation of Shear Strength of Soil

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The shear strength of the soil (SSS) is a significant attribute which is employed most frequently throughout the design phase of construction projects. The conventional approach of determining shear strength (SS) in the laboratory is one which is costlier as well as time taken process. The ability to precisely predict the SSS without the need for laborious and expensive testing in a laboratory is just one of the real-world needs of geotechnical professionals. In this paper an attempt has been made to develop a common methodology for predicting the SSS using optimized models. For this purpose, three additional optimized algorithms (GA, MPA, and PSO) were utilized to improve the bias and weight of the ANN's learning parameters, and three optimized ANNs (ANN-GA, ANN-MPA, and ANN-PSO) were developed. Validation of all the developed optimized models was executed using RMSE, R 2 , RSR, WI, and NSE, indices. After validation of optimized models it was found that out of three ANN-GA produces good modelling outcome in training as well as in testing phase and outperforming other models. It has been shown that the GA develops the most trustworthy ANN, and this was also validated by the rank analysis of developed models. When trying to predict SSS, it has been shown that the liquidity index (LI) is the key factor to take into consideration. This was determined by plotting the feature significance plot along with the feature selection plot. Following the LI, the water content (w c )) is the second most important input variable that has an effect on the value of the parameter of interest being investigated in the present investigation. In a broad sense, it was found that the factors associated to water were the primary characteristics that impact the prediction of SSS.
Reviewer #2 (Public Review): Ethnic and region-specific genetic risk variants of stroke and its comorbid conditions can define the variations in the burden of stroke and its phenotypic traits

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Burden of stroke differs by region, which could be attributed to differences in comorbid conditions and ethnicity. Genomewide variation acts as a proxy marker for ethnicity, and comorbid conditions. We present an integrated approach to understand this variation by considering prevalence and mortality rates of stroke and its comorbid risk for 204 countries from 2009 to 2019, and GWAS risk variant for all these conditions. Global and regional trend analysis of rates using linear regression, correlation and proportion analysis, signify ethnogeographic differences. Interestingly, the comorbid conditions that act as risk drivers for stroke differed by regions, with more of metabolic risk in America and Europe, in contrast to high SBP in Asian and African regions. GWAS risk loci of stroke and its comorbid conditions indicate distinct population stratification for each of these conditions, signifying for population specific risk. Unique and shared genetic risk variants for stroke, and its comorbid and followed up with ethnic specific variation can help in determining regional risk drivers for stroke. Unique ethnic specific risk variants and their distinct patterns of Linkage Disequilibrium further uncover the drivers for phenotypic variation. Therefore, identifying population and comorbidity specific risk variants might help in defining the threshold for risk, and aid in developing population specific prevention strategies for stroke.
Brauer $p$-dimension and Kato's Swan Conductor

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We use Kato's Swan conductor to study the Brauer $p$-dimension of fields of characteristic $p>0$. We mainly investigate two types of fields: henselian discretely valued fields and semi-global fields. While investigating the Brauer $p$-dimension of semi-global fields, we use a Gersten-type sequence to analyse the ramification behavior of a Brauer class in a $2$-dimensional regular local ring. Using this result, we give a partial result on the Brauer $p$-dimension of function fields of algebraic curves over $\bar{k}((t))$ with good reduction.
First-principles study of metal Li adsorption on RE-MoSe2 surface

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study focuses on the modification of the intrinsic MoSe 2 using rare earth (RE) elements and investigates its structure, adsorption energy, magnetic properties and work function. Modification studies show that all doping models exhibit metallic properties and all introduce varying degrees of magnetism. In order to investigate the effect of modification means on the adsorption effect, the adsorption of Li on RE-MoSe 2 at different sites was investigated by using first-principles density functional theory. It is found that although the doping of La element produces the strongest magnetism. However, its magnetism is significantly weakened or even disappears when Li is adsorbed on the Mo top site of the La-MoSe 2 system. The adsorption energy of Li for the La-MoSe 2 system is the opposite of what was concluded for the Ce-MoSe 2 and Eu-MoSe 2 systems. The adsorption stability of the Se top site of the La-MoSe 2 system is the poorest, whereas it is the strongest in the other two systems. Research has shown that RE-MoSe 2 could be a potential candidate for Li-absorbing materials.
Effects of sequence on repeat expansion during DNA replication

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Small DNA repeat tracts are located throughout the human genome. The tracts are unstable, and expansions of certain repeat sequences cause neuromuscular disease. DNA expansions appear to be associated with lagging-strand DNA synthesis and DNA repair. At some sites of repeat expansion, e.g. the myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) tetranucleotide repeat expansion site, more than one repeat tract with similar sequences lie side by side. Only one of the DM2 repeat tracts, however, is found to expand. Thus, DNA base sequence is a possible factor in repeat tract expansion. Here we determined the expansion potential, during DNA replication by human DNA polymerase β, of several tetranucleotide repeat tracts in which the repeat units varied by one or more bases. The results show that subtle changes, such as switching T for C in a tetranucleotide repeat, can have dramatic consequences on the ability of the nascent-strand repeat tract to expand during DNA replication. We also determined the relative stabilities of self-annealed 100mer repeats by melting-curve analysis. The relative stabilities did not correlate with the relative potentials of the analogous repeats for expansion during DNA replication, suggesting that hairpin formation is not required for expansion during DNA replication.
Application of transparent control on temperature control system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Stair-like dynamic matrix control (DMC) and PID were combined together to construct transparent control (TC) structure, and applied to the temperature control system. TC holds both the advantages of stair-like DMC and PID control. It can deal with model uncertainty and systems with dead time and constraints, thus is robust. The introduction of stair-like control strategy leads to reduction in computation. High speed sample of the inner PID controller makes it easy to suppress disturbances. The implementation of TC on the temperature control of the electric oven provides good results and shows excellent performance of TC structure.