jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF RADIATIONS ON CELL DIVISION AND CHROMOSOMES IN ANIMALS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Effects of radiations on cell division and chromosomes in animals were studied from various stand points. X- and beta-irradiations on grasshopper spermatocytes were investigated using various chemicals with special regards to the radioprotection. The effects of single or repeated X-irradiation on chromosomes of human in vitro cell line were studied. Genetic studies of anomalies in the mouse populations whose ancestors have received X-irradiation were investigated. Effects of X-rays on the spermatogenesis of Drosophila were studied and the effects of gamma-irradiation on mating type of Paramecium were studied using P. polycarium which has the binary mating type. Many new clones were obtained by the application of gamma-irradiation. These clones were very useful to analyses the genetic behaviour of Paramecia and further studies are in progress. Immunological response of lethally irradiated mice which receive injection of heterologous spleen cells was studied. Histological observations on spleens were carried out as a supplemental experiment. The effects of X-irradiation on the pregnancy rate in mice received polyovulation treatment were investigated. The implantation of hormone-induced polyovulated eggs, 25 X-irradiation is effective.
Cyanidin and cyanidin-3-glucoside derived from Vigna unguiculata act as noncompetitive inhibitors of pancreatic lipase

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The consumption of legumes positively correlated with the reduction of body weight. In the present study, we identified and evaluated pancreatic lipase inhibitors from Vigna unguiculata and unraveled their mode of inhibition. The highly sensitive fluorometric method was adopted to access the pancreatic lipase activity and the ethanolic extract of Vigna unguiculata showed the maximum inhibition (IC50 of 15.2 µg/ml). Cyanidin and cyanidin-3-glucoside are the major anthocyanins observed in Vigna unguiculata. The IC50 value of cyanidin was 28.29 µM which was 6.5-fold higher than the cyanidin-3-glucoside (188.28 µM). We determined an apparent Ki of 27.28 µM for cyanidin and cyanidin-3-glucoside (88.97 µM) with noncompetitive inhibition. Collectively, these results suggest that the glycosylation of the anthocyanidins significantly reduces lipase inhibition. The noncompetitive inhibition of pancreatic lipase by Vigna unguiculata anthocyanins may exert significant pharmacological activities toward obesity complications by calorie restriction. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The results of this study emphasize the importance of legumes in our diet to combat obesity-related complications. Consumption of legumes minimizes fat absorption by inhibiting the action of the fat-digesting enzyme.
Study on the Issues and Optimizing Paths of Higher Vocational Colleges in Serving the Rural Talent Revitalization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Promoting rural vitalization on all fronts is a major proposition related to the modernization of rural agriculture in China. The important problem that needs to be solved urgently is who serve the rural talent revitalization and how to promote the rural talent revitalization. Higher vocational education is one of the important subjects to serve rural talent revitalization. As the supplier of higher vocational education, higher vocational colleges shoulder the functions of serving economic and social development, meeting the national demand for technical talents, providing talent support for the revitalization of the countryside, science and education, and the mission of serving rural talent revitalization. At present, there are many practical problems and challenges for higher vocational colleges on serving the rural talent revitalization. Therefore, they must effectively promote the rural talent revitalization by strengthening the leadership mechanism, optimizing the construction of the system, and deepening the reform of education and other optimized paths.
109 Investigation of natural killer cell function and phenotypes in stable and active multiple sclerosis patients

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Introduction Previous studies have reported that impaired cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) activity. Furthermore, NK cell phenotype could be associated with new lesions on MRI. Cytotoxic activity of NK cells is determined by their phenotype and surface antigens. However, investigators are yet to comment on NK cell phenotype and cytotoxicity in MS patients with stable disease or recent disease activity compared to healthy controls (HC). This project investigates NK cell phenotype and cytotoxicity in MS patients with active and stable disease and in HC. Methods Seven patients with relapsing remitting MS who have been stable on alemtuzumab for at least 6 months, five patients with active MS not on any medication and five HCs were recruited in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by centrifugation over Ficoll-Paque density gradient medium. Then NK cells were isolated using immune-magnetic negative selection. Isolated NK cells were labelled with antibodies to determine CD56 Dim and CD56 Bright NK cells and cytotoxic function determined using target cells (K562) and flow cytometry. Results Our study showed that there is no significant difference between phenotype and cytotoxicity in three groups of stable RRMS, active RRMS and HC. Conclusion In previous studies, it has been suggested that CD56 Bright NK cells are associated with stable disease and patients with large MRI lesions had reduced NK cell cytotoxicity. This finding raised the possibility of using NK cell as an indicator for disease activity. This study identified no significant difference between NK cell cytotoxicity or phenotypes between HC and MS patients with different disease activity. Given the small number of patients in this study, there remains a need for further studies on larger population to assess phenotype, cytotoxicity, cytokines and cell surface expression of NK cells.
Prognostic and therapeutic impact of RPN2-mediated tumor malignancy in non-small-cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful gene-silencing platform for cancer treatment. Previously, we demonstrated that ribophorin II (RPN2), which is part of the N-oligosaccharyl transferase complex, regulates docetaxel sensitivity and tumor lethal phenotypes in breast cancer. However, the molecular functions and clinical relevance of RPN2 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unknown. Here, we examined RPN2 expression in tumor specimens from recurrent NSCLC patients after resection (n = 32 and = 177) and assessed the correlation between RPN2 expression and various clinical features. We also investigated whether RPN2 affects cancer malignancy in vitro and tumor growth and drug resistance in vivo. Our data show that RPN2 expression confers early and distant recurrence as well as poor survival in NSCLC patients. Furthermore, RPN2 silencing suppressed cell proliferation and invasiveness, and increased the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro. Remarkably, we found that intrinsic apoptosis signaling is the mechanism of cell death involved with RPN2 knockdown. Strikingly, RPN2 silencing repressed tumorigenicity and sensitized the tumors to cisplatin treatment, which led to the longer survival of NSCLC-bearing mice. In conclusion, these data suggest that RPN2 is involved in the regulation of lethal cancer phenotypes and represents a promising new target for RNAi-based medicine against NSCLC.
Query language modeling for voice search

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents an empirical exploration of google.com query stream language modeling. We describe the normalization of the typed query stream resulting in out-of-vocabulary (OoV) rates below 1% for a one million word vocabulary. We present a comprehensive set of experiments that guided the design decisions for a voice search service. In the process we re-discovered a less known interaction between Kneser-Ney smoothing and entropy pruning, and found empirical evidence that hints at non-stationarity of the query stream, as well as strong dependence on various English locales-USA, Britain and Australia.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Experience and Results of Thoracoscopic Repair from a Tertiary Care Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is one of the most common congenital anomalies encountered by pediatric surgeons. With the advances in the pediatric minimal access surgery, its role in the repair of CDH has also increased. We have been using thoracoscopy for the repair for CDH since 2015. We herein report our experience of CDH repair in newborns. Materials and Methods A retrospective review was conducted from July 2015 to December 2019 in the Department of Pediatric surgery after ethical approval from the institutional review board and included all the children with CDH who underwent thoracoscopic repair. The case records were used to assess the demographic details, type of defect, and early and late postoperative complications of thoracoscopy in CDH. Results Thoracoscopic repair was attempted in 29 patients of CDH. Eight (27.5%) patients converted to open procedure and were excluded from the study. Primary closure of the diaphragmatic defect was performed in 90.4% (19) patients. Also, 9.5% (2) children required mesh repair. There was no intraoperative death. Postoperative ventilation was required in 57.1% (12) children. The mean time on the ventilator was 3.03 ± 0.9 days. The mean age of children requiring postoperative ventilation was less compared with children who were extubated in the postoperative period (p = 0.032). The median follow-up in our study was 12 months and 28.5% of patients developed recurrence of the diaphragmatic hernia. All the children underwent laparotomy and repair of the diaphragmatic defect. Conclusion Thoracoscopic repair is a safe and effective option for the repair of CDH in children performed by surgeons with significant procedure experience.
Long-term Outcome of MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Treatment and Laparoscopic Myomectomy for Symptomatic Uterine Fibroid Tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;219:375.e1–375.e7) Fibroid tumors occur in up to 25% of reproductive-age women and are the most common benign tumors in this age group. The majority of fibroid tumors are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during clinical examination or imaging.
cite2vec: Citation-Driven Document Exploration via Word Embeddings

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Effectively exploring and browsing document collections is a fundamental problem in visualization. Traditionally, document visualization is based on a data model that represents each document as the set of its comprised words, effectively characterizing what the document is. In this paper we take an alternative perspective: motivated by the manner in which users search documents in the research process, we aim to visualize documents via their usage, or how documents tend to be used. We present a new visualization scheme - cite2vec - that allows the user to dynamically explore and browse documents via how other documents use them, information that we capture through citation contexts in a document collection. Starting from a usage-oriented word-document 2D projection, the user can dynamically steer document projections by prescribing semantic concepts, both in the form of phrase/document compositions and document:phrase analogies, enabling the exploration and comparison of documents by their use. The user interactions are enabled by a joint representation of words and documents in a common high-dimensional embedding space where user-specified concepts correspond to linear operations of word and document vectors. Our case studies, centered around a large document corpus of computer vision research papers, highlight the potential for usage-based document visualization.
Tapered slotline antennas at 802 GHz

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Broken linearly tapered endfire slotline antennas (BLTSAs) were fabricated on 1.7- mu m thin SiO/sub 2/-Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ dielectric membranes. Antenna patterns in the E-, H-, and D-planes were measured at 802 GHz. The -10 dB beamwidths were found to be approximately 40 degrees in all planes, with side lobe levels below -11 dB (-19 dB in the E-plane). The cross-polarized peaks in the D-plane were 8 dB below the copolarized peak. A theoretical model for calculating the E- and H-plane patterns of tapered slotline antenna 10 is extended to include the co- and cross-polarized D-planes. Measured and calculated patterns show good agreement.< >
JQ1 alters epigenomic programming of KSHV latency control region.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p><b>(A)</b> Schematic of KSHV genome and primer positions a-h used for ChIP assays. <b>(B-F)</b> BCBL1 cells treated daily for 72 hrs with 1% DMSO or 4 μM JQ1 were assayed by ChIP for IgG or <b>(B</b>) CTCF, <b>(C)</b> Rad21, <b>(D)</b> RNAPII, <b>(E)</b> H3AcK9, or <b>(F)</b> LANA. Error bars are sdm and ** P < .01.</p>
Denture materials and acrylic base materials.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Modifications in denture plastics, including acrylics containing butadiene-styrenes, block copolymers to increase toughness, and those with added soluble heavy-element salts to increase radiopacity are described. Developments in processing of denture bases by microwave, laser, and injection methods are described. Also reviewed are acrylics and their dimensional stability, including the effect of artificial salivas on properties. In addition, the rheological, glass transition, dynamic, impact, and fatigue properties of denture acrylics are presented. Adhesion of polymers to plastics and metals is reviewed, as well as the biocompatibility and adhesion of organisms to denture plastics. Soft denture materials are reviewed with respect to research on new materials and to clinical evaluations of existing products. Finally, studies on the wear of denture teeth are summarized.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Hepatitis C Virus génotypes in East Algeria from 2011 to 2017

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to find the factors associated with the genotypes of patients with hepatitis C virus, namely, age, sex, wilaya (province) and risk factor, we adopted two statistical linear regression models. A total of 913 positive HCV patients were included in this study, coming from nine wilayas of eastern Algeria from 2011 to 2017. Genotype 1 was observed in 89.15% of cases with a predominance of subtype b (73.93%). According to the monovariate analy-sis, the wilaya of Constantine being associated with genotype 1b, the wilayas of Skikda, Jijel, Oum El Bouagui and Tebessa were more associated with ge-notype 2a. Since the blood transfusion factor is associated with genotype 1b, genotypes 1a, 2a and 2b were often associated with the surgical intervention factor. Age and sex variables had no influence. Multivariate analysis demons-trated that genotype 1 being associated with the wilaya of Constantine, the wilayas of Jijel, Oum-el-Bouaghi, Souk-Ahras and Skikda were respectively 4, 3, 2.5 and 10 times more likely to be associated with genotype 2. Genotype 1 being associated with the blood transfusion factor, surgical intervention (OR = 0.19, p-value = 1.1.10-7) has a 20 times greater chance of being associated with genotype 2. Genotype 1 has a 1.6-fold chance of being associated with patients with the age is over 55 years old. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis models provided useful information for the as-sessment of the distribution of genotypes of patients with HCV.
Hirayama Disease: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hirayama disease is a rare neurological condition and is characterized by a sporadic juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity in young males. The disease is more prevalent in Japan and other Asian countries, though a few cases have been reported in Western countries as well. It manifests as a self-limiting, gradually progressive atrophic weakness of forearm and hand. The anterior displacement of posterior dura during neck flexion leading to cervical cord atrophy has been hypothesized. We discuss a case of a 21-year-old male patient with progressive distal upper extremity weakness, diagnosed with Hirayama disease, and literature review for the same. Keywords: Hirayama Disease, Juvenile muscular atrophy, Monomelic amyotrophy
Roughness of a Layered Geological Medium and Implications for Interpretation of the Transient Electromagnetic Response of a Loop Source

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A new theoretical model has been developed for transient controlled‐source electromagnetic (CSEM) exploration of multi‐layer aquifers. The method is applicable to fractured rock and other types of lithology which exhibit length‐scale dependent heterogenity. A roughness parameter Β is used, in the present paper, as a proxy for fracture density. The Maxwell equations governing CSEM responses are generalized to incorporate a spatial derivative of fractional order 1 − Β. An analytical solution is derived for inductive loop excitation of a mulitple plane‐layered formation which includes one or more spatially rough layers. The resulting synthetic CSEM step‐off response curves indicate that it is possible to detect the fracture density of a buried fractured‐rock layer if it is conductive relative to its surroundings. The CSEM method is also able to resolve the depth to such a fractured layer. These new theoretical results have important implications for fractured‐rock hydrogeophysics.
TV und AV Journalismus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

TV-journalism is popular: three-fourths of all germans inform themselfs in this way about the current events: may it be politics, culture or sports. But this linerar leading medium is aging. Through the deep-reaching digitalisation of the everyday-world, the last stage of the media-convergence is reached. Television and Web are melting together, for excample on the tablet, the smartphone or media library. „TV+AV-Journalismus“ is the first German-speaking opus that reflects this development for full-video journalism in a theoretical and practical way. In volume I, the most important theories of media and communication are flowing into an universal model of the digital journalism. This model is then subsequently applied to current trends and developments in praxis within volume II. Moreover, the most vital genres and formats are introduced plus the structural and economic requirements for journalism are explained. Theory and praxis are adressed. The author dares to bridge the gap between these, still separeted „two cultures“.
Synthesis of a Nucleoside Phosphoramidate Prodrug Inhibitor of HCV NS5B Polymerase: Phenylboronate as a Transient Protecting Group

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A synthetic process for 2′-C-methylcytidine-5′-[2-[(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropyl)thio]ethyl-N-benzylphosphoramidate], a nucleotide prodrug inhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase, is described. The route developed was demonstrated on 100 g scale and featured the key application of phenylboronic acid as an effective transient means to protect the 2′,3′-hydroxyls of 2′-C-methylcytidine. This synthetic methodology resulted in a reduction in the number of isolations from five to two and an increase in the overall yield by 50% relative to the original unscalable discovery route. The synthesis and characterization of 2′-C-methylcytidine-2′,3′-O-phenylboronate is also provided.
Centralizing-Unitizing Standardized High-Dimensional Directional Statistics and Its Applications in Finance

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cross-sectional "Information Coefficient" (IC) is a widely and deeply accepted measure in portfolio management. The paper gives an insight into IC in view of high-dimensional directional statistics: IC is a linear operator on the components of a centralizing-unitizing standardized random vector of next-period cross-sectional returns. Our primary research first clearly defines IC with the high-dimensional directional statistics, discussing its first two moments. We derive the closed-form expressions of the directional statistics' covariance matrix and IC's variance in a homoscedastic condition. Also, we solve the optimization of IC's maximum expectation and minimum variance. Simulation intuitively characterizes the standardized directional statistics and IC's p.d.f.. The empirical analysis of the Chinese stock market uncovers interesting facts about the standardized vectors of cross-sectional returns and helps obtain the time series of the measure in the real market. The paper discovers a potential application of directional statistics in finance, proves explicit results of the projected normal distribution, and reveals IC's nature.
Soilless Cultivation System, Electrical Conductivity of Nutrient Solution, and Growing Season on Yield and Quality of Baby-Leaf Oak-Leaf Lettuce

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The floating system (FL) is a common soilless method for baby-leaf production, whereas the ebb and flow system (EF) has been proposed as an alternative. Both of them allow managing plant saline stress while preventing reduction in plant growth and yield and increasing product quality. The oak-leaf lettuce response to the growing conditions (hydroponics, salinity) in interaction with climate and genotype has been little studied. Two experiments were carried out with two oak-leaf cultivars (green- and red-colored type) grown in FL and EF systems at two levels of nutrient solution (NS) electrical conductivity (EC) (EC = 2.5 and 3.5 dS m−1; EC2.5, EC3.5, respectively) under autumn and late-spring conditions. The EF system caused an increase in salinity in the substrate where roots mainly develop, so it overcomes the effect of the EC3.5 treatment. In the autumn cycle, irrespective of the EC, EF-grown plants had improved leaf thickness (specific leaf area), color, and antioxidative (total phenol and carotenoid contents) properties; however, a reduction in yield was observed in the most productive cultivar (green type). In late spring, higher yield and product quality (processability, nitrate content) were obtained at the expense of color, with the FL showing the best productivity in the green type cultivar. The red type cultivar had higher dry mass, phenol, and carotenoid concentrations.
Palpable Purpura in a Vietnamese Teenage Girl

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 19-year-old Vietnamese female with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency department (ED) with fevers, sore throat, generalized myalgias, arthralgias, and a worsening lower extremity rash for the past two weeks. Approximately one week after the onset of constitutional symptoms, the patient noticed a rash developing on the anterior surface of her legs. Three days prior to hospitalization, her primary care physician prescribed cephalexin for her, but she didn’t recall what it was for. When her symptoms continued to worsen the next few days, she presented to the ED. In the ED, she also complained of abdominal tenderness. She had no previous hospitalizations, and her vaccinations were up to date. She also had a small tattoo noted on her neck that she reported receiving at a reputable place four years ago. She was sexually active with her boyfriend, and did not regularly use condoms. However, she denied any genitourinary symptoms.