jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of diuretics on sodium, potassium and chloride levels- a cross sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Diuretics are one of the widely used class of drugs used in various cardiovascular and other disorders. However, they can cause various metabolic adverse effects, electrolyte imbalance being among important changes.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in which patients diagnosed with hypertension for at least one month were included. Over a period of 6 months patients were enrolled irrespective of whether they were taking diuretics or not. Demographic details, drug therapy and electrolyte levels were recorded in a proforma. Data was analyzed for difference in serum electrolyte levels between diuretic and nondiuretic groups as well as between different diuretic groups.Results: Out of total 177 participants, 71 were on diuretic therapy. There was significant difference in mean serum sodium (S. Na), potassium (S. K) and chlorine (S. Cl) levels between diuretic and nondiuretic groups (P<0.05). Hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hyperkalemia were observed. Thiazide diuretic group showed significantly greater hyponatremia compared to other diuretics (P=0.028). Hyperkalemia was observed in participants receiving K sparing diuretic or combination of loop and K sparing diuretics. Old age and number of comorbidities showed negative association with S. Na. Females had significantly more hyponatremia than male participants.Conclusions: The study confirms that diuretics cause various abnormalities in electrolytes namely Na and K levels. Old age, comorbidities and female sex are risk factors for hyponatremia.
Eukaryotic chromosome morphology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Eukaryotic chromosome morphology is a POGIL learning cycle activity designed for introductory biology students at the college or university level. Eukaryotic chromosomes undergo dramatic changes in shape, or morphology, to be accurately distributed into daughter cells during organismal growth or wound healing. Here, students will build upon their existing knowledge of chromosomal biology by drawing their own chromosomes as Model 1. Next, they will be guided through the variation in chromosome morphology that takes place during the cell cycle, and will compare the morphologies of different chromosomes. This is important for undergraduate students interested in careers in medicine, allied health care professions, and biomedical research as chromosomal disorders such as aneuploidy, the condition of having one too many or one too few chromosomes, are diagnosed by identifying chromosomes based on morphology.
Additional file 2: of Effect of ATorvastatin On Chronic subdural Hematoma (ATOCH): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MGS-GCS.Patients were evaluated using the Glasgow Coma Scale and Markwalderâ s Grading Scale. Only patients with Grade 0â 2 chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) were selected for atorvastatin treatment in this study. (PDF 34 kb)
AKR1B10 is Associated with Smoking and Smoking-Related Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This prospective study explored the relationship between expression of AKR1B10 mRNA and various clinical parameters in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in terms of its validation as a marker for NSCLC. Tumour tissue samples were collected from 229 patients with NSCLC. Tissue samples from adjacent non-malignant lung tissue (> 5 cm from the tumour) of 89 of these patients and samples from 20 patients with benign lung disease were used as controls. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction showed significantly higher levels of AKR1B10 mRNA expression in NSCLC tumour tissue than in adjacent non-malignant lung tissue and benign lung tissue. Statistically significant factors for AKR1B10 mRNA over-expression were found to be male gender, smoking, squamous cell carcinoma and moderate or poor cell differentiation. It is concluded that AKR1B10 seems to have potential as a prognostic marker for NSCLC and warrants further investigation.
Table_3_Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Engagement in Algeria: A Population-Based Study With Systematic Review of Studies From Arab Countries of the MENA Region.xlsx

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background<p>The Algerian COVID-19 vaccination campaign, which started at the end of January 2021, is marked by a slowly ascending curve despite the deployed resources. To tackle the issue, we assessed the levels and explored determinants of engagement toward the COVID-19 vaccine among the Algerian population.</p>Methods<p>A nationwide, online-based cross-sectional study was conducted between March 27 and April 30, 2021. A two-stage stratified snowball sampling method was used to include an equivalent number of participants from the four cardinal regions of the country. A vaccine engagement scale was developed, defining vaccine engagement as a multidimensional parameter (5 items) that combined self-stated acceptance and willingness with perceived safety and efficacy of the vaccine. An Engagement score was calculated and the median was used to define engagement vs. non-engagement. Sociodemographic and clinical data, perceptions about COVID-19, and levels of adherence to preventive measures were analyzed as predictors for non-engagement.</p>Results<p>We included 1,019 participants, 54% were female and 64% were aged 18–29 years. Overall, there were low rates of self-declared acceptance (26%) and willingness (21%) to take the vaccine, as well as low levels of agreement regarding vaccine safety (21%) and efficacy (30%). Thus, the vaccine engagement rate was estimated at 33.5%, and ranged between 29.6-38.5% depending on the region (p > 0.05). Non-engagement was independently associated with female gender (OR = 2.31, p < 0.001), low adherence level to preventive measures (OR = 6.93, p < 0.001), private-sector jobs (OR = 0.53, p = 0.038), perceived COVID-19 severity (OR = 0.66, p = 0.014), and fear from contracting the disease (OR = 0.56, p = 0.018). Concern about vaccine side effects (72.0%) and exigence for more efficacy and safety studies (48.3%) were the most commonly reported barrier and enabler for vaccine acceptance respectively; whereas beliefs in the conspiracy theory were reported by 23.4%.</p>Conclusions<p>The very low rates of vaccine engagement among the Algerian population probably explain the slow ascension of the vaccination curve in the country. Vaccine awareness campaigns should be implemented to address the multiple misconceptions and enhance the levels of knowledge and perception both about the disease and the vaccine, by prioritizing target populations and engaging both healthcare workers and the general population.</p>
On the importance of radiative and Auger losses in GaN-based quantum wells

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Fully microscopic many-body models are used to study the importance of radiative and Auger carrier losses in InGaN∕GaN quantum wells. Auger losses are found to be negligible in contrast to recent speculations on their importance for the experimentally observed efficiency droop. Good agreement with experimentally measured threshold losses is demonstrated. The results show no significant dependence on details of the well alloy profile.
Fertilization Systems and Effects of Their Long-Term Application on the Fractional Composition of Mineral Phosphates and Mobile Phosphorus Content in the Profile of Sod–Podzolic Soils

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper examines the effects of the long-term application of fertilizers on the phosphate regime in a sod–podzolic heavy loamy soil in the western piedmont of the Ural Mountains. The study was conducted to assess the influence of the organic (manure at doses of 10 and 20 t/ha of arable land per year), mineral (mineral fertilizers in amounts equivalent to the NPK content in manure at doses of 10 and 20 t/ha per year), and organomineral (manure at doses of 5, 10, and 20 t/ha per year in combination with mineral fertilizers in amounts equivalent to the NPK content in manure) fertilization systems on the fractional composition of mineral phosphates (determined using the Ginzburg–Lebedeva method) and mobile phosphorus content in the soil. The 1-m soil layer was studied in the framework of a long-term, outdoor stationary eight-field crop rotation experiment launched in 1968. It is established that the Fe–P (45%) and Ca–P (42%) fractions predominate in the composition of mineral phosphates in the sod–podzolic soil. The long-term systematic application of fertilizers results in a significant increase in content of the most mobile fraction: calcium and ferrous phosphates (Ca–PI and Fe–P) in the soil. The organic, mineral, and organomineral fertilization systems statistically significantly increase the mobile phosphorus content in the arable layer (from 125 to 192–368 mg/kg). The mobile phosphorus reserves in the arable layer increase by 1.7–3.0 times, while those in the 1-m soil layer by 1.1–1.6 times. The maximum effect on the soil phosphate regime parameters was noted in the variant involving the application of manure at a dose of 20 t/ha per year in combination with NPK in an equivalent amount. The observed changes in the fractional composition of phosphates and mobile phosphorus content are consistent with the existing balance of this element in the soil.
Probing the Actin Cytoskeleton byClostridium botulinumC2 Toxin andClostridium perfringenslota Toxin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The prelims comprise: Introduction Effects of Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin in Intact Cells ADP-ribosylation of Actin Reagents and Chemicals
Analisis Tokoh Utama Dalam Cerpen “Banjirkap” Karya Habolhasan Asyari (Kajian Sosiologi Sastra)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Short story is a form of fiction created by human creativity and imagination that contains ideas about life and is briefly expressed, both in terms of the number of actors, the events narrated, and the overall content of the story. Sociology is a scientific and objective study of humans in society, the study of social institutions and social processes. This study aims to determine the sociology of literature as a reflection of society's literary indicators in the short story of Banjirkap by Habolhasan Asyari and its implications for learning literature in the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program based on Ian Watt's reception theory. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection techniques used are reading techniques and note-taking techniques. The data used in this study are words or sentences in the short story of the Banjirkap by Habolhasan Asyari. The results of this study are in the form of prose structure and literary sociology, literary indicators as a reflection of society. The results obtained from the structure of prose, namely: (a) theme, (b) plot, (c) characters and characterizations, (d) setting. The sociology of literature is as follows: (a) Literature as a mirror of society.
Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide Regulates the Lipid Metabolism and Alters Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Bioactive compounds provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of obesity. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), a biological macromolecule extracted from Goji berry, has displayed potential for regulating lipid metabolism. However, the relationship between gut microbiota regulation and lipid metabolism is not entirely clear. In the present study, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg LBP were intragastrically administered to C57BL/6J male mice fed with a high-fat diet simultaneously lasting for twelve weeks. The results showed that 150 mg/kg LBP showed significant results and all doses of LBP feeding (50, 100, 150 mg/kg) remarkably decreased both serum and liver total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. Treatment of 150 mg/kg LBP seems to be more effective in weight loss, lowering free fatty acid (FFA) levels in serum and liver tissues of mice. LBP feeding increased the gene expression of adiponectin and decreased the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, Cluster of Differentiation 36, acetyl-coA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the 16s rDNA Sequencing analysis showed that 150 mg/kg LBP feeding may significantly increase the richness of gut microbiota by up-regulation of the ACE and Chao1 index and altered β-diversity among groups. Treatment of 150 mg/kg LBP feeding significantly regulated the microbial distribution by decreasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes and increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Faecalibaculum, Pantoea, and uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae at the genus level was significantly affected by LBP feeding. A significant correlation was observed between body weight, TC, TG, FFA and bile acid and phyla at the genus level. The above results indicate that LBP plays a vital role in preventing obesity by co-regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota, but its effects vary with the dose.
Empirical Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Mitigating Power Systems Intrusion Attacks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The normal and stable operation of the modern power systems rely on accurate situational awareness and visibility as recent researches and experiences have shown that the cyber-physical infrastructures are highly vulnerable to cyberattacks and intrusions. Attackers can design various intrusive injections to disrupt the operation thereby triggering failures, loss of synchronism, economic losses and sometimes injuries to employees. Hence, there have continuously been crucial need for timely, accurate identification and detection of these intrusions. Several traditional intrusion detection systems proposed in the literature have proven inefficient as they are computationally incompetent for the complex nature of the modern power systems. An alternative has been identified in form of machine learning techniques. This paper presents an empirical comparison of five prominent machine learning algorithms: K-nearest neighbors, Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, Random Forest and AdaBoost for predicting intrusion attacks into power systems network. The idea is to present the best possible classifier for the analyzed test systems and also to show that each of the developed algorithms can perform exceptionally well within some context. The developed algorithms were evaluated using a simulated voltage dataset generated from a load flow analysis of a 24-bus power systems case study. Experimental analysis and results obtained showed the feasibility of applying machine learning techniques in successfully predicting and detecting intrusions into power systems network.
Decoherence-free quantum dynamics in circuit QED system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study decoherence in a circuit QED system consisting of a charge qubit and two superconducting transmission line resonators (TLRs). We show that in the dispersive regime of the circuit QED system one TLR can be used as an auxiliary subsystem to realize decoherence-free quantum dynamics of the bipartite target system consisting of the charge qubit and the other TLR conditioned on the auxiliary TLR initially being a proper number state. Our study gives new insight into control and manipulation of decoherence in quantum systems.
1633. Improving the diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB): experience from north India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Rapid and accurate diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is imperative for early treatment and better patient outcome. Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) is a promising nucleic-acid amplification assay. LAMP assay could be carried out in simple water bath under isothermal conditions in 60 minutes, and can be performed in any laboratory even in rural setting in resource poor endemic countries. We evaluated LAMP assay using two different target regions LAMP primers specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex for the diagnosis of EPTB. Methods LAMP assay using 6 primers (each for IS6110 and IS1081) specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex were performed on patients suspected of EPTB on various EPTB samples(CSF, Synovial fluid, Lymaphnode and tissue biopsies and various other samples) of 150 patients (50 confirmed, 100 suspected) Clinically suspected of EPTB and 100 non-TB control subjects. Results Overall LAMP test (using any of the two targets) had sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 100% for confirmed (50 culture positive) EPTB cases. In 100 clinically suspected but unconfirmed EPTB cases, LAMP was positive in 87 out of 100 cases (87%). Sensitivity of IS6110 LAMP, 1S1081 LAMP and IS6110 PCR for clinically suspected cases was 78 (78%), 84 (84%) and 70 (70%), respectively. In total 150 EPTB patients, the overall sensitivity of microscopy, culture, IS6110 PCR, IS6110 LAMP, 1081 LAMP and the LAMP test (if any of the two targets were used) were 4%, 33.3%, 74.6%, 82.66%, 87% and 92%, respectively. Specificity of all the tests was 100%. There were 8 cases which were missed by IS6110 LAMP and 2 cases by 1081 LAMP. Conclusion LAMP assay using two targets is a promising technique for rapid diagnosis of EPTB in 60 minutes especially in a resource poor setting who are still battling with this deadly disease. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
Analysis of Correlation between 24-Hour Urinary Sodium and the Degree of Blood Pressure Control in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Non-Chronic Kidney Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We investigated the association between 24-hr urinary sodium (24UNA) and adequacy of blood pressure (BP) control in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and nonCKD. All data were collected retrospectively by accessing the electrical medical records in patients with 24-hr urine collection and serum creatinine. Enrolled 400 subjects were subgrouped by the amount of 24UNA, or CKD stage. The appropriate BP was defined as BP < 130/80 mmHg for subjects with proteinuria, and BP < 140/90 mmHg for subjects without proteinuria. The mean level of 24UNA was 166±76 mEq/day. The 24UNA group was an independently related factor to diastolic BP as a continuous variable. The rate of appropriate BP control in patients with proteinuria was highest in 24UNA <100 mEq/L (P=0.012). The odds to fail achievement of BP target in subjects with 24UNA≥90 mEq/day was 2.441 (1.249-4.772, P=0.009) higher than that of 24UNA <90 mEq/day among participants with proteinuria. There was difference in the amount of 24UNA between CKD and non-CKD except each stage of CKD group. In conclusion, salt intake estimated by 24-hr urine sodium excretion is a risk factor to achieve appropriate BP control.
Web Science, Social Media and Education

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Over the last 25 years the Web has evolved into a critical global infrastructure. Since its emergence in the 1990s, it has exploded into hundreds of billions of pages that touch almost all aspects of modern life. Little appreciated, however, is the fact that the Web is more than the sum of its pages and it is more than its technical protocols. Vast emergent properties have arisen that are transforming society. Web Science is the study of the Web as a socio-technical system. As the Web becomes increasingly significant in all our lives, studying it from an interdisciplinary perspective becomes even more important.
The Thermodynamics Application In Refrigerator

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This article describes one of the tools to apply the laws of thermodynamics in daily life in the form of a refrigerator. This article aims to explore, understand, and understand the concept of thermodynamics in refrigerators. Thermodynamics is the field of physics that studies the relationship between heat and mechanical work, temperature and heat, and the kinematics theory of gases. Applying the basic concepts of thermodynamics to machines can support and facilitate human work. Refrigerators that operate according to the Clausius statement of fact (second law of thermodynamics). Coolers use electrical energy to transfer heat from the object being cooled to the hot outside air.
Estrogen Signaling Is Active in Cartilaginous Tumors: Implications for Antiestrogen Therapy as Treatment Option of Metastasized or Irresectable Chondrosarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: Chondrosarcoma is a malignant cartilaginous matrix–producing tumor that can be lethal in 10% to 50% of the patients. Surgery is the only effective treatment known as these tumors are notorious refractory to all types of conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. To identify a target for therapy, we want to determine whether estrogen signaling is active in chondrosarcoma because estrogen is important in the regulation of longitudinal growth that is initiated by chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in the epiphyseal growth plate of long bones. Experimental Design: We studied protein expression of the estrogen receptor in 35 cartilaginous tumors as well as mRNA levels for the estrogen receptor and for aromatase, an enzyme for estrogen synthesis and another potential therapeutic target. Furthermore, the activity of aromatase was determined in vitro by the tritiated water release assay. Dose-response experiments with chondrosarcoma cultured cells were done with estrogen, androstenedione, and exemestane. Results: All chondrosarcomas tested showed mRNA and nuclear protein expression of the estrogen receptor. Also, aromatase mRNA was detected. The aromatase activity assay showed a functional aromatase enzyme in primary chondrosarcoma cultures and in a cell line. Growth of chondrosarcoma cell cultures can be stimulated by adding estrogen or androstenedione, which can be inhibited by exemestane. Conclusions: These results show, on the RNA, protein, and cell biological levels, that the ligand and the receptor are active in estrogen-mediated signal transduction. This observation implicates potential use of targeted drugs that interfere with estrogen signaling, such as those applied for treating breast cancer.
Effect of Time and Temperature on Moisture Content, Shrinkage, and Rehydration of Dried Onion

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this paper, the experimental data of the onion drying process by a batch cabinet dryer is investigated. Obtained experimental data including moisture content, shrinkage, and rehydration via random factorial scheme are analyzed. Comparison of data average is carried out with the help of the multi amplitude test of Duncan. Statistical analysis of experimental data shows that time, temperature, and their combined effect have a reasonable impact on the moisture content and rehydration value of dried samples. However, a combined effect of time and temperature on the shrinkage value is not meaningful (P>0.05). The results also show that increasing time and temperature leads to a decrease in the moisture content of the samples, but it increases the value of rehydration and the shrinkage of samples.