jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF DEGENERATIVE LUMBAR SPONDYLOLISTHESIS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OUTCOMES FOLLOWING DECOMPRESSION WITH FUSION AND MICROENDOSCOPIC DECOMPRESSION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fifty consecutive patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis were treated surgically. The first 17 patients (FU group) underwent decompression with fusion, the second 33 patients (MED group) underwent microendoscopic decompression (MED), and the outcomes following the two surgical methods were compared. The duration of follow-up ranged from 27 to 40 months in the FU group and from 25 to 40 months in the MED group. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with use of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire. Although statistically not significant, the degrees of improvement in all five functional scores were greater in the MED group than in the FU group. There was no influence of instability before MED to the clinical outcome, and a large percentage of slipping in the neutral position could lead to inadequate improvement in low back pain after MED, but MED is a useful, minimally invasive operation and can lead to a good clinical outcome for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Considering the lower invasiveness of MED, this procedure is recommended in case of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with less than 20% slipping. Posterior decompression and fusion using pedicular screws is recommended in case of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with over 20% slipping.
A Discrete Fractional Order Adaptive Law for Parameter Estimation and Adaptive Control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this article, a discrete fractional order adaptive law (DFOAL) is designed based on the Caputo fractional difference to perform parameter estimation of structured uncertainties. The paper provides a rigorous stability analysis of the DFOAL parameter estimation method. The DFOAL is then modified in order to improve parameter estimator performance to show that, under certain conditions, it provides asymptotic convergence to the true parameter values even when the regressor is not persistently exciting. A method to allow for practical implementation of the DFOAL and the modified DFOAL is developed. Finally, the modified DFOAL is used to identify the plant parameters in an indirect adaptive control law for a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems with structured uncertainty.
Evaluation of Simulated Training Results based on Deep Learning and Battlefield Situation Awareness

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Battlefield situation awareness is the basis of command decision in simulated battlefield combat training. The accuracy of battle commanders' judgements and decisions on the environment of the battlefield can be improved with the advancement of artificial intelligence technologies. In this paper, firstly, the calculation model of situation evolution speed is derived by simulating the self information of situation factors in battlefield training, and a case is analyzed with Markov chain; Then the cross entropy loss function of the deep learning model is derived from the evolution speed prediction model of the situation factors in the two-dimensional grid, which is equivalent to the evolution speed of the situation. Finally, the uncertainty of situation factors, the speed of situation evolution and the accuracy of training prediction are analyzed through the experimental results, and it is found that for the situation factors with randomness, the prediction accuracy has an extreme value.
An investigation of enzootic Glasser's disease in a specific-pathogen-free grower-finisher facility using restriction endonuclease analysis.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Enzootic Glassers's disease was investigated to study the epidemiology of the disease strains on a farm where it presented a problem. Restriction endonuclease fingerprinting (REF) analysis technique was used, as all strains of Haemophilus parasuis are biochemically similar and many strains are biochemically untypable. After young weaned pigs were moved from farm A to farm B, Glasser's disease routinely occurred despite the use of antibiotics and a commercial bacterin. Isolates were taken from the nasal passages and from carcasses of clinically affected cases and subjected to REF analysis. Haemophilus parasuis was not isolated from any of the pigs on farm A, but it was isolated from 7/10 and 5/10 nasal swabs taken from farm B. Two H. parasuis strains isolated from clinical cases of Glasser's disease from farm B had an identical REF pattern, but were different from the nasal swabs and the H. parasuis strain contained in the bacterin. The subsequent use of a custom autogenous bacterin made from a clinical isolate of H. parasuis reduced the mortality rate on farm B. This investigation indicates that nasal isolates of H. parasuis are different than those causing clinical disease, and not all bacterin strains are cross protective for other strains.
[Changes in the synaptic apparatus of the associative area (field 5b) of the cat cerebral cortex following destruction of the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Quantity of normal and degenerating axonal terminals (AT) in area 5b of the associative cortex of cat was studied 2, 4 and 30 days after the electrolytic lesion of the thalamic nucleus lateralis posterior (LP). It was established that the quantity of degenerating AT in area 5b two and four days after the LP lesion was 7.4 and 7.2%, respectively. Four days after LP lesions the quantity of normal AT diminished by 16.4%, which was a direct result of excitatory AT degeneration. 40% of vanished AT formed synapses on dendrites and 60%--on spines. The quantity of axosomatic synapses in area 5b did not change after the LP lesion. Consequently, neurons in area 5b receive direct excitatory, predominantly axospinal input from LP. 30 days after LP lesions the total number of AT in area 5b was lower by 100% as compared with the control. Results and peculiarities of reinnervation in area 5b after degeneration of thalamocortical synapses are discussed.
Colostrum feeding: the science and art of safeguarding newborn calves from illnesses

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The success of dairy cattle rearing depends on methods that enhance the health and growth efficiency of neonates, which in turn affect replacement rates and the financial viability of dairy production systems. Ensuring adequate colostrum intake with a minimum of 50 mg IgG/mL is vital to prevent FPT and safeguard the calf’s health. Colostrum feeding is an example of early-life nutrition that can significantly affect calf's overall performance, including average daily gain (ADG), health status, and survival rates.
Specific Energy Consumption Prediction Method Based on Machine Tool Power Measurement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Accurate prediction on energy consumption in machining is helpful to evaluate process energy characteristics and choose process methods for energy saving. Specific energy consumption expresses the required energy consumption when cutting unit volume material. The Back Propagation (BP) neural network prediction method for specific energy consumption in machining is set up in the paper. The prediction method bases on machine tool power signal measurement by power analyzer and shunt sensors. In the developed BP neural network, the input layer neurons include spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut and material removal rate; and the output layer neurons includes specific energy consumption in machining. The power signal measurement system is built up in the computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine tool, and the prediction method for specific energy consumption is tested with cutting data. The prediction results show that the introduced method is effective to predict specific energy consumption in machining.
[Estradiol-2-hydroxylase activity in tumors of the corpus uteri and breast: the effect of smoking].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The levels of estradiol-2-hydroxylase were assayed in patients with breast (17) and endometrial (30) tumors. In the latter group, the findings were compared with normal endometrium and the enzyme was found in it, too. A direct correlation was established between age and said level in tumor tissue in nonsmokers, particularly, in breast cancer cases. Smokers revealed relatively higher levels both in tumor tissue and normal endometrium. No relationship between estradiol-2-hydroxylase and steroid hormone receptor concentrations was found in either endometrial or breast tumors. The role of estrogen metabolism and conversion of classical estrogens to catecholestrogens in hormone-related carcinogenesis is discussed.
Most prevalent unmet supportive care needs and quality of life of breast cancer patients in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Addressing breast cancer patients' unmet supportive care needs in the early stage of their survivorship have become a prime concern because of its significant association with poor quality of life (QOL), which in turn increases healthcare utilization and costs. There is no study about unmet supportive care needs of breast cancer patients in Malaysia. This study aims to assess the most prevalent unmet supportive care needs of Malaysian breast cancer patients and the association between QOL and patients' characteristics, and their unmet supportive care needs.A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Surgery and Oncology Clinic between May 2014 and June 2014 in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. A total of 117 patients out of 133 breast cancer patients recruited by universal sampling were interviewed using a structured questionnaire consisted of three parts: participants' socio-demographic and disease characteristics, Supportive Care Needs Survey-Short Form Questionnaire (SCNS-SF34) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30).The highest unmet supportive care needs were observed in the psychological domain (Mean 53.31; SD ± 21.79), followed by physical domain (Mean 38.16; SD ± 27.15). Most prevalent unmet supportive care needs were uncertainty about the future (78.6 %), fears about the cancer spreading (76.1 %), feelings of sadness (69.2 %), feelings about death and dying (68.4 %), concerns about those close to the patient (65.0 %) and feeling down or depressed (65.0 %). Multivariate linear analysis showed that early breast cancer survivors diagnosed at an advanced stage and with greater physical and psychological needs were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with poorer QOL.Most prevalent unmet needs among Malaysian breast cancer patients were found in the psychological domain. Early breast cancer survivors with late stage diagnosis who had more unmet needs in psychological and physical domains were more likely to have a poor QOL.
Biopharmaceutics and Drug Standards

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Biopharmaceutics may be defined as the study of the influence of formulation on the therapeutic activity of a drug product; alternatively, it may be defined as the study of the relationship of the physical and chemical properties of the drug and its dosage forms to the biological effects observed following the administration of the drug in its various dosage forms. Drug standards constitute those objective procedures and specifications which contribute to determining the effectiveness and safety of drugs. This paper describes some of the ways in which the official compendia meet the goal of establishing adequate yardsticks to cover the safety and effectiveness of the drugs and dosage forms recognized in the NF or USP. Newer official specifications are limited only by the extent to which the innovators and pioneers in the pharmaceutical sciences cooperate with the compendia in developing new tests and standards as new knowledge evolves. All that any type of testing program can show is that a particular drug dosage form, when administered by its intended route, will become physiologically available in the average patient.
Coordination and beyond

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We report on a study of the English edition of Wikipedia in which we used a mixed methods approach to understand how nested organizational structures called WikiProjects support collaboration. We first conducted two rounds of interviews with a total of 20 Wikipedians to understand how WikiProjects function and what it's like to participate in them from the perspective of Wikipedia editors. We then used a quantitative approach to further explore interpretations that arose from the qualitative data. Our analysis of these data together demonstrates how WikiProjects not only help Wikipedians coordinate tasks and produce articles, but also support community members and small groups of editors in important ways such as: providing a place to find collaborators, socialize and network; protecting editors' work; and structuring opportunities to contribute.
Nutrimental modifications in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) caused by vanadium supply

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Blueberry plants prosper in acid environments with pH 4.5, condition that enhances vanadium (V) bioavailability. In different species, literature reports nutrimental modifications caused by V, nevertheless in blueberry plants this effect remains unknown. This study assessed the impact of six vanadium (V) doses in nutrient solutions (0, 20, 40, 80, 160 µM) and as foliar sprays (20 µM) on blueberry plants, employing a completely randomized experimental design with three replicates. At 66 days after applying the treatments, nutriments concentrations in leaves, stems and roots of each plant were determinate. Except for N, V modified nutrimental concentrations in at least one plant organ. V applied to foliage benefits Mn (67%) in leaf, as Ca (56%), Mg (40%), B (26%) and Mn (46%) did in stems and P (50%) in roots. No matter V concentration in solution, P (51%), Fe (270%) and Cu (230%) in roots are enhanced, but Mo it is reduced up to 6 times. The use of 160 µM of V in solutions increases Mg (40%) concentrations in stems, the same happened in Ca (32%) and Zn (47%) in roots but reduced K (35%) in this organ. V applied from 0 to 160 µM in solution increases 3, 64, 225 times V concentration in leaf, stem and roots respectively. These results show that V applications in solution benefits P levels in leaf, Ca and Mg in stem, P, Ca and Mg in root; while foliar spray enhances K, Ca, Mg concentration in stem and Mg in root.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

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Endgames in the New Millennium

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Chapter 6 analyzes twelve endgames that occurred between the 2000 “Bulldozer Revolution” in Serbia and the 2014 uprising in Burkina Faso and include the so-called “color revolutions” in Eastern Europe and Central Asia as well as the mass protests during the so called “Arab Spring” of 2010–2011. Comparative and case study analyses of the six instances of repression affirm that military loyalty hinges on the dictator’s ability to offer material spoils and political privileges, and to employ politicized promotion and recruitment processes. In Serbia, Kyrgyzstan, and Tunisia in contrast, military leaders did not benefit from the continued existence of the incumbent regime and sided with the opposition. While the endgame coups in Egypt (2011 and 2013) were prompted by threats to the military’s extensive institutional interests, the takeover in Burkina Faso (2014) allowed the previously marginalized military to oust an unpopular president and strengthen their position.
[Eye disease in pulmonary fibrosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The author describes a case of ocular affection in pulmonary fibrosis with an obscure aetiology and subsequent secondary polyglobulia. In addition to cyanosis of the mucosae and conjunctive the authors detected also cyanosis of the retina of both eyes and thrombosis of the central retinal vein on the right and prethrombosis on the left. The author gives an account of the differential diagnosis of diseases with a similar ophthalmological finding.
Abstract T P264: Does a Change in Coverage Equal a Change in Care?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: During academic year 2012-13 (FY 2013) coverage for neurology patients at Strong Memorial Hospital (SMH) changed. Non-vascular neurologists admitted patients, many of whom were not evaluated by vascular neurologists. Previously stroke patients were evaluated by/admitted to a vascular neurologist. Hypothesis: We sought to determine if this translated into differences in care, hypothesizing decreased utilization of vascular imaging (VI) and compliance with regulatory measures. Methods: Metric data were obtained from SMH Get with the Guidelines (GWTG) from July 1, 2011-March 31, 2014. Reports were reviewed for percent compliance. SAH patients and acute stroke metrics were excluded. VI data were obtained from the Stroke Treatment Alliance of Rochester registry and reviewed for percent testing completed. Stable was defined as less than 5% change. Results: Improving or stable metrics: VTE prophylaxis, patient education, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, statin at D/C, assessment for rehabilitation, dysphagia screening, smoking cessation, and LDL documented. Increased utilization of MRA (8.4% FY2012 to 16.9% FY2013) and decreased CTA (80.3% FY2012 to 63.5% FY2013) were seen. Several metrics and VI had transient variation seen in figure 1 (high dose statin data incomplete before Q22012). Conclusions: Core measures remained stable. This may be attributable to the role of Stroke Nurse Practitioner (NP) which remained constant. The NP is responsible for coordination of care, guideline adherence, and training residents in guideline driven order sets. Anecdotal reports from faculty identified the NP as a source of stroke expertise. There was clear change in utilization of VI and NIHSS. While high dose statin use is difficult to interpret due to incomplete data, there was a large increase following FY2013. This demonstrates measurable benefits of utilizing vascular neurologists and stroke trained NPs to achieve high level care at a large academic institution.
The EGFR Protein Expression and the Gene Copy Number Changes in Renal Cell Carcinomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUNDThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is known to be involved in many tumor promoting activities. EGFR inhibition has been tried as a therapeutic modality in many human malignancies.METHODSThe expression of EGFR protein and the gene copy number changes were studied in 135 clear cell carcinomas and 16 papillary renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), and these tumors were diagnosed between 1995 and 1997.RESULTSAn EGFR protein expression (2+ and 3+) was found in 54.1% of the clear cell RCCs and in 43.8% of the papillary RCCs. In the clear cell RCCs, its expression was associated with male gender, the tumor size (> or =4 cm) and high T stages (T2 and T3), with statistical significance. Trisomy and polysomy of the EGFR gene were found in 27 (25.7%) and 40 (38.1%) of 105 clear cell RCCs, respectively. Trisomy and polysomy were correlated with an EGFR protein expression and a high clinical T stage, with statistical significance. Among 15 papillary RCCs, 13 tumors showed trisomy (86.7%) and one showed polysomy (6.7%). Amplification was not found in both the clear cell and papillary type RCCs.CONCLUSIONSA considerable numbers of RCCs showed an overexpression of EGFR protein and increased EGFR gene copy numbers, yet the clinical significance of conducting a FISH study in RCC patients seems to be limited.
Diameter-Controlled Growth of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Hot-Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition with Ferritin as a Catalyst on a Silicon Substrate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Diameter-controlled growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) has been achieved by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition with ferritin, a nano-bio-molecule, as a catalyst on a silicon substrate. Ferritin molecules are proteins containing iron oxide cores, which have a uniform diameter dependent on the ferritin size. MWNT growth was performed in a low-pressure chamber using acetylene at 540°C. In contrast to former cases, ferritin cores did not coalesce on the substrate without any additives or porous structures, due to the low growth temperature. The geometric mean diameter of the resultant MWNTs is consistent with that of iron oxide cores. It has also been found that a titanium layer on a silicon substrate assists the growth of MWNTs. The results indicate that ferritin is a good candidate catalyst for growing diameter-controlled MWNTs for electrical applications.
Research on Unity3D Virtual Laboratory for Product Structure Cognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at the insufficient of product structure cognition model for mechanics experiment teaching in colleges and universities, based on Unity3D platform, using Rhino and Creo for three-dimensional modeling, an internet virtual lab for product cognition is developed by selection of several common physical products as a case, combining C# for interactive function and integration of HTML pages. Relying on the industry design provincial training base in the Guangdong College of Industry and Commerce, integrated a variety of advanced technology, it is realized that virtual disassembling products can operate on PC and mobile terminal platform. The students' interest and training effect are significantly improved. Teaching structure models could be custom-made according to course demand for teachers, significantly saving spend on experimental instruments and equipment, and increasing the freedom of the students' experiments in time and space. As a result, the new method has a good research value and application prospect.