jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Computational design and experimental confirmation of conformationally constrained peptides to compete with coactivators for pediatric PPARα by minimizing indirect readout effect

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-[Formula: see text] (PPAR[Formula: see text]) is a member of PPAR nuclear receptor family, and its antagonists have been widely used to treat pediatric metabolic disorders. Traditional type-1 and type-2 PPAR[Formula: see text] antagonists are all small-molecule compounds that have been developed to target the ligand-binding site (LBS) of PPAR[Formula: see text], which is not overlapped with the coactivator-interacting site (CIS) of PPAR[Formula: see text]. In this study, we described the rational design of type-3 peptidic antagonists that can directly disrupt PPAR[Formula: see text]–coactivator interaction by physically competing with coactivator proteins for the CIS site. In the procedure, seven reported PPAR[Formula: see text] coactivator proteins were collected and eight 11-mer helical peptide segments that contain the core PPAR[Formula: see text]-binding LXXLL motif were identified in these coactivators, which, however, possessed a large flexibility and intrinsic disorder when splitting from coactivator protein context, and thus would incur a considerable entropy penalty (i.e. indirect readout) upon binding to PPAR[Formula: see text] CIS site. By carefully examining the natively folded conformation of these helical peptides in their parent protein context and in their interaction mode with the CIS site, we rationally designed a hydrocarbon bridge across the solvent-exposed, ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]+ 4) residues to constrain their helical conformation, thus largely minimizing the unfavorable indirect readout effect but having only a moderate influence on favorable enthalpy contribution (i.e. direct readout) upon PPAR[Formula: see text]–peptide binding. The computational findings were further substantiated by fluorescence competition assays.
Distributed system for long-term monitoring of cardiopulmonary activity

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In this work, a concept of health monitoring framework dedicated to a long-term track of cardiopulmonary state of the user during his daily activity is presented. In general, it consists of two major components: quasi-autonomous data-acquisition device and distributed web platform. The data-acquistion unit is a smart garment equipped with an array of biosensors and specialized electronics. In principle, it utilizes two diagnostic methods: electrical impedance tomography for lung ventilation imaging and body surface potential mapping for cardiac electrical activity recording. Additionally, to monitor user's body dynamics an accelerometer and gyroscope are going to be embedded within the garment. The objective of the cloud system is storing the measurements data for further processing and analysis by means of specialized algorithms to facilitate early diagnosis and suggest adequate treatment.
Iranian Elites and their Scientific and Cultural Activities in Ottoman Empire of the 9th and 10th Centuries A.H.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper, scientific and cultural activities of Iranian elites in the Ottoman Empire since its foundation until the tenth century A.H. are studied to show their impact on the scientific and cultural life of the empire as well as the clashes between traditionalist and rationalist scholars and their consequences.
Upon the foundation of the Ottoman Empire, its scientific centers fell under the influence of Iranian elites’ ideasdue to the widespread scientific and cultural relations between Iran and the Ottoman Empire. A number of Iranian elites who were educated in jurisprudence, interpretation, hadith, logic, theology, grammar, reading, rhetoric, mathematics, astronomy, and medicine migrated to the Ottoman Empire during the eighth and ninth centuriesA.H. They taught the works of Iranian prominent scholars such as Imam Muhammad Ghazali and Fakhr al-Din Razi in Ottoman schools or wrote commentaries and annotations on these works. Therefore, the Ottoman society, like the Iranian society, became a placefor clashes between the traditionalistsand rationalists.
Antimicrobial Activity of Different Aqueous Lemon Extracts

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Article history: Over three-quarter of the world's population is using herbal medicines with an increasing trend globally. Plant medicines may be beneficial but are not completely harmless. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of different types and part of lemon against different microbial isolates. The antimicrobial effects of aqueous extracts of peel and juice from fresh and dried citrus and sweet lemon against 6 Gram-positive and 8 Gram-negative bacterial and one yeast isolates, including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Proteus spp., Moraxella catarrhalis, Acinetobacter spp. and Candida albicans, all of them were studied. The water extracts of all the materials screened showed various inhibitory effects. The juice of Citrus limon has antimicrobial activities more than other types of extracts. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae and Candida albicans showed the highest resistance to these extracts. Lemon species might have antimicrobial activity against different Gram-positive, Gram-negative and yeast pathogens and could be used for prevention of various diseases caused by these organisms.
The relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality in the older people: an updated and dose-response meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Short or long sleep duration is proposed as a potential risk factor for all-cause mortality in the older people, yet the results of published studies are not often reproducible. Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether short or long sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in the older people via a comprehensive meta-analysis. Methods: Literature retrieval, study selection and data extraction were completed independently and in duplicate. Effect-size estimates are expressed as relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Summary data from 35 articles, involving a total of 106990 older people, were meta-analyzed. Overall analyses revealed a significant association between long sleep duration and all-cause mortality (RR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.19-1.35, P <.001), whereas marginal significance was observed for short sleep duration (RR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.00-1.09; P =.045). There was a low probability of publication bias as indicated by Egger’s test for the association between sleep duration and all-cause mortality. In subgroup analyses, the association between long sleep duration and all-cause mortality was relatively strong in women (RR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.18-1.85, P =.002) relative to men (RR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.10-1.50, P =.001) (Two-sample Z test P = .219). Further dose-response regression analyses showed that trend estimation was not obvious for short sleep duration ( P = .016) compared with long sleep duration ( P < .001), indicating a J-shaped relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a J-shaped relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality in the older people, with long sleep duration significantly associating with all-cause mortality, especially in women.
Pronouns and Gender in Language

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Pronouns are a grammatical element that take the place of full noun phrases, and in many of the world’s languages, pronouns also convey social information such as the gender of a referent. This chapter surveys the literature on the linguistics of pronouns from a broad array of disciplinary perspectives, focusing on the way social categories of gender interact with linguistic factors. The first section reviews gendered pronouns through the lens of performativity and speech act theory, discussing how pronouns and misgendering can be used for impoliteness and politeness. The second section surveys some semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic analyses of pronouns, including debates on the semantic and syntactic category of pronouns in the grammar. While the bulk of this chapter focuses on gendered pronouns in English, the third section provides a cross-linguistic perspective of gendered pronouns and inflectional morphology, and more interactional data is discussed.
Update of ENDF/B-V Mod 3 iron: neutron-producing reaction cross sections and energy-angle correlations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An update of the ENDF/B-V Mod-3 evaluation for natural iron is described. The cross sections of (n,n') and (n,2n) reactions are revised. Energy-angle correlations in the secondary (n,n') neutrons are introduced in the ENDF/B-V formats. Anisotropic angular distributions are provided for the secondary neutrons in (n,2n), (n,np), and (n,n..cap alpha..) reactions. Revelant integral results, microscopic data, and nuclear model calculations that influence the revised results are summarized. 54 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.
The link between sleep-disordered breathing and cognition in the elderly

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sleep disruption and cognitive impairments are not uncommon in the aging adult (affecting up to 50%) and there has been growing information to suggest a link between these conditions, which may lead to new opportunities in clinical care. In this issue of Neurology ®, Haba-Rubio et al.1 highlight the association between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and cognitive impairment in the elderly. Such findings are consistent with recent studies.2–4 Identification of this relationship must be considered in the context of efforts to identify potentially treatable and modifiable factors that may contribute to the development of cognitive impairment in the older adult. Does this study suggest that we should become more aggressive in the management of SDB in elderly? Furthermore, should we be more thorough in our assessment of cognitive impairments in the elderly with SDB?
Investigation of the Computed Tomography Number of Blood, Fat, and Water in Different Levels of Kilovoltage and Reconstruction Kernels

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: A computed tomography (CT) scan is an imaging modality with many clinical applications. The CT number of different materials plays an important role in the accurate diagnosis of the disease and reduction of errors. Other factors, such as kilovoltage (kVp) and reconstruction kernels, may have an effect on CT numbers. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different levels of kVp and kernels on the CT number of the blood, fat, and water. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the CT numbers of the blood, fat, and water were investigated at 80 kVp, 110 kVp, and 130 kVp, as well as H31, H70, J30, and U90 reconstruction kernels using a 16-slice CT scanner (Siemens). The scanning of each material was repeated three times, and the mean CT number of each substance was extracted from the device software. The Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was used to compare CT numbers between different levels of kVp and reconstruction kernels. Results: The results showed that the mean CT numbers of the blood, water, and fat were 55, -4.2, and -102 Hounsfield unit (HU). No significant difference was observed between the CT numbers of water, fat, and fresh blood at 80 kVp, 110 kVp, and 130 kVp (P>0.05). In addition, the difference in the CT number of fresh blood, water, and fat in reconstruction kernels H31, H70, J30, and U90 was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: It was revealed that the CT number of water, fat, and blood does not change significantly with kernel and kVp, and this can help specialists in diagnosis.
P4–298: Amyloid fibrillar species have the potential to prevent other proteins from misfolding

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Protein misfolding is the causative feature of a large number of human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and cataract. In many protein misfolding disorders the native protein becomes rearranged into highly ordered β–sheet structures known as amyloid fibrils. These fibrils are thought to be biologically inert due to the structural alterations that occur during their formation. Molecular chaperones prevent protein unfolding by stabilizing partially folded protein structures under stress conditions (e.g. elevated temperatures, infection, etc.). α–Crystallin is a molecular chaperone that has been shown to inhibit the formation of amorphous aggregates and amyloid fibrils from a range of stressed proteins. When α–crystallin is placed under stress conditions it has been shown to exhibit an increased chaperone activity (1). However under great stress, α–crystallin will itself form into amyloid fibrils (2). To study the chaperone activity of α–crystallin based amyloid fibrils against a range of target proteins, including bovine insulin and catalase, and under a range of stress conditions, including elevated temperature (60°C) and reduction. Chaperone activity was measured using light scattering at 340nm and fibril formation examined using transmission electron microscopy. Our results indicate that α–crystallin retains significant chaperone activity, even where there is no native–like species present. Parallel studies of βH–crystallin, a protein with minimal chaperone activity in its native state, have indicated that in its fibrillar form, chaperone activity is acquired. We hypothesize that the generic structure of amyloid fibrils may expose hydrophobic side chains that enable chaperone activity.
The National Health Educator Competencies Update Project: Celebrating a Milestone and Recommending Next Steps to the Profession

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract For more than 60 years, the health education profession has worked to develop, implement, and refine guidelines for preparing and training health educators. Among the seminal works documenting this dedication to, and quest for, quality assurance in professional preparation and practice are guidelines for professional education of health educators (1943), criteria and guidelines for accreditation of graduate programs in community health education (1969), guidelines for teacher education (1969) and safety and school health (1974), a framework for competency-based curricula for entry-level health educators (1985), and standards for the preparation of graduate-level health educators (1997) (American Association for Health Education [AAHE], National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Inc. [NCHEC], Society for Public Health Education [SOPHE], 1999). In 1989, the NCHEC granted the first credential for certified health education specialists (CHES), which today number more than 12,000. These a...
Metagenomics for the Identification Of Plant Viruses in the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The number of virus species identified by the ICTV is likely to be far less than the actual number of viruses. This study was undertaken to develop a metagenomic technique to discover viruses from plants. Aliquots of plant material were subjected to homogenization and differential centrifugation to isolate virus-like particles. The pellet obtained was treated successively with DNase-I to remove contaminating plant DNA and proteinase-K, SDS to digest the DNase-I and capsid proteins. The viral nucleic acid was amplified by random PCR, cloned and sequenced. The sequences obtained were assembled and characterized by comparison with known viral sequences. Sequences were obtained from 68-plant specimens. Analysis of the sequences suggested the presence of at least 9 different viruses. Sixteen plants contained virus-like sequences and six double infections were found. Plant specimens yielding virus sequences showed no obvious symptoms of infection. Evidence of bacteria and fungi was also found in several samples.
THE bare-rumped sheathtailed bat Saccolaimus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Vis near Cardwell, the current known distribution in Queensland (Qld) extends from Bowen to Cooktown with one isolated specimen collected near Coen on Cape York Peninsula (Hall 1995; Duncan et al. 1999). It has also been recorded in the Alligator River area in the Northern Territory (McKean et al. 1981). The conservation status of S. saccolaimus in Qld has recently been defined as ‘Critically Endangered’, and the species has not been recorded anywhere in Australia for at least 18 years (Duncan et al. 1999; Menkhorst and Knight 2001). The likely reasons for the apparent decline are unclear, but may involve land-clearing and changed fire regimes in the coastal zone where it is thought to occur (Duncan et al. 1999). In contrast, Bonaccorso (1998) considers S. saccolaimus to be secure, albeit also poorly known in Papua New Guinea. In other parts of their range S. saccolaimus is known to roost in houses, caves, hollow trees and tombs (Hall 1995). In Australia, S. saccolaimus is known only to roost in tree hollows in poplar gums Eucalyptus platyphylla and Darwin woollybutt E. miniata (McKean et al. 1981; Compton and Johnson 1983). Compton and Johnson (1983) suggest that E. platyphylla woodlands may be an important in determining the distribution of S. saccolaimus in Qld. Extralimitally, S. saccolaimus has been recorded in gardens, sclerophyll woodland and rainforest (Bonaccorso 1998). In mid August 2001, a small colony of S. saccolaimus was discovered while carrying out field surveys for nest sites of the palm cockatoo Probosciger aterrimus on the Lockhart River Aboriginal Reserve in the Iron Range area of Cape
FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING INTEGRATION CHALLENGES OF PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL IN INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION MEGA-PROJECTS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The public often associates mega-projects with poor performance due to delays and budget overruns. International mega-projects (IMPs) comprise multiple subprojects across widely spread areas, often with independent resources and individual plans. Such decentralization into clusters increases the integration planning and execution challenges. Changes to the schedule, budget, and scope, as well as poor design, are critical integration challenges within and across subprojects of mega-projects. International characteristics of project delivery compound additional complexity on integration aspects. It is essential for the production planning system in IMPs to be robust in addressing integration challenges to achieve necessary interface and realistic reporting. This study aimed to reveal the significance of operational gaps and resolve the integration challenges in IMPs. To achieve its goal, the study was divided to three phases. They are: 1) synthesize literature and practice with respect to production planning and control systems; 2) evaluate the performance of the production planning and control system at a mega-scale in a case study; 3) develop a framework to provide workable solutions to address the unique and complex integration challenges of IMPs.\nThe Last Planner速 System (LPS速) was found to be an emerging production planning and control system with a promising potential. Fostered to complement, not to replace, the existing LPS速 model, the proposed IMPact framework is a roadmap aiming to improve the operations of IMPs, keeping them on track, and potentially replacing the negative image of IMPs with positive impressions. The validated framework provided a conceptual practical solution, based in LPS速, to address the challenges that project teams on IMPs have within and across subprojects. It is intended to be an adaptive system in an effort to improve delivery and performance of IMPs.
Clinical Model for NASH and Advanced Fibrosis in Adult Patients With Diabetes and NAFLD: Guidelines for Referral in NAFLD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE Approximately 18 million people in the U.S. have coexisting type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is not known who among these patients has nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with advanced fibrosis. Therefore, we aimed to determine factors that are associated with both NASH and advanced fibrosis in patients with diabetes and NAFLD in order to identify who should be prioritized for referral to a hepatologist for further diagnostic evaluation and treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study was derived from the NASH Clinical Research Network studies and included 1,249 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD (including a model development cohort of 346 patients and an independent validation cohort of 100 patients with type 2 diabetes as defined by the American Diabetes Association criteria). Outcome measures were presence of NASH or advanced fibrosis (stage 3 or 4) using cross-validated, by jackknife method, multivariable-adjusted area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and 95% CI. RESULTS The mean ± SD age and BMI of patients with diabetes and NAFLD was 52.5 ± 10.3 years and 35.8 ± 6.8 kg/m2, respectively. The prevalence of NASH and advanced fibrosis was 69.2% and 41.0%, respectively. The model for NASH included white race, BMI, waist, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, HbA1c, HOMA of insulin resistance, and ferritin with an AUROC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.75–0.84, P = 0.007). The specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive values (NPVs), and positive predictive values (PPVs) were 90.0%, 56.8%, 47.7%, and 93.2%, respectively, and the model correctly classified 67% of patients as having NASH. The model for predicting advanced fibrosis included age, Hispanic ethnicity, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, hypertension, ALT-to-AST ratio, alkaline phosphatase, isolated abnormal alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin (total and direct), globulin, albumin, serum insulin, hematocrit, international normalized ratio, and platelet count with an AUROC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.76–0.85, P &lt; 0.001). The specificity, sensitivity, NPV, and PPV were 90.0%, 57%, 75.1%, and 80.2%, respectively, and the model correctly classified 76.6% of patients as having advanced fibrosis. Results remained consistent for both models in the validation cohort. The proposed model performed better than the NAFLD fibrosis score in detecting advanced fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Routinely available clinical variables can be used to quantify the likelihood of NASH or advanced fibrosis in adult diabetic patients with NAFLD. The clinical models presented can be used to guide clinical decision making about referrals of patients with diabetes and NAFLD to hepatologists.