jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Warehouse receipt system for cashew nuts marketing and its contribution to the small scale farmers in Masasi District, Mtwara Region, Tanzania

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Marketing of cashew nuts in Tanzania has been undergoing change. Direct sales from farmers to traders and delivery to the Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies were in practice at different points of time. Since 2007, the warehouse receipt system was introduced in Tanzania cashew marketing. The warehouse operators accept the deposit of cashew nuts in the warehouses and provide a receipt to the farmers through the Agricultural Marketing Cooperatives (AMCOSs) and the farmers receive a part of the payments through bank financing based on these receipts. This study conducted in few selected AMCOSs on the performance of the warehouse receipt system has found out that the system has achieved some positive results in enabling the farmer members to receive better prices for their cashew nuts. These members were satisfied with the performance of their AMCOSs to a large extent. They have sought improvement in the provision of various services by the AMCOSs, particularly in the timely provision of pesticides and extension services. Indicative prices reflecting the actual cost of production, better accountability of the Cashew nut Board of Tanzania and closer supervision of cashew nut auction by the cooperative unions were suggested by the farmer members to make the warehouse receipt system more efficient.
Penetrating Keratoplasty in Infants With Peters Anomaly: Visual and Graft Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of survival of corneal grafts and visual outcomes of primary penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in infants with Peters anomaly (PA) in Beijing, China. Methods: Twenty-nine patients (37 eyes) with PA who underwent PK before the age of 1 year were included. Optical correction for all eyes and occlusion therapy of amblyopia for a unilateral opacity were performed 2 weeks after suture removal. All infants underwent assessment of visual acuity after surgery using Teller Acuity Cards. Survival probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Visual outcomes and prognosis factors were analyzed using the χ 2 test. Results: The mean age of 29 infants undergoing primary PK was 5.7 ± 2.3 months. The mean follow-up duration was 18.0 ± 3.0 months. Twenty-seven (73.0%) of 37 grafts retained full clarity at final follow-up. Visual acuity above ambulatory was achieved in 67.6% (25/37) and >20/260 was achieved in 48.6% (18/37) of cases. Of all surgical indications, vascularized PA I (50.0%, 6/12) and PA II (18.2%, 2/11) showed a lower proportion achieving visual acuity >20/260 than nonvascularized PA I (71.4%, 10/14) ( P = 0.030 < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of graft survival and vision outcome between infants younger than 6 months and older than >6 months. Conclusions: For infants with PA who underwent PK, the prevalence of graft survival and visual acuity were related mainly to the indication. The main risk factors were corneal vascularization and an abnormal lens.
Use of a high-power semiconductor laser with fiber-optic output in a control system for a space-based antenna

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we discuss the use of a high-power infrared semiconductor laser for power and data transfer via a wireless system for controlling a space-based reconfigurable reflector antenna. We present a theoretical description of the processes that occur during power transfer via an optical fiber. We provide a block diagram and component specification list for the experimental setup. We analyze the experimental results and reach a variety of conclusions. We examine restrictions on the use of fiber-optic circuits for power transfer.
Combined wavelet domain and temporal video denoising

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We develop a new filter which combines spatially adaptive noise filtering in the wavelet domain and temporal filtering in the signal domain. For spatial filtering, we propose a new wavelet shrinkage method, which estimates how probable it is that a wavelet coefficient represents a "signal of interest" given its value, given the locally averaged coefficient magnitude and given the global subband statistics. The temporal filter combines a motion detector and recursive time-averaging. The results show that this combination outperforms single resolution spatio-temporal filters in terms of quantitative performance measures as well as in terms of visual quality. Even though our current implementation of the new filter does not allow real-time processing, we believe that its optimized software implementation could be used for real- or near real-time filtering.
Test-Retest Reliability of 24 Hours of Activity Monitoring in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease in Home and Community

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background/Objective . This study examined the test-retest reliability of an activity monitor (AM) in home and community settings in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods. Nine independent community dwellers with idiopathic PD were recruited (8 males and 1 female; median age = 66 years, range 46-71; Hoehn & Yahr score 2). Patients wore the AM for 3 separate sessions in the home and community with 7 days between each session. The first 2 sessions lasted 24 hours each, and the third session lasted 48 hours. Reliability indices and measures of variability were obtained by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and generalizability coefficients. The functional activity measures included the percentage of time spent in sleeping positions, sitting, standing, and walking; the number of transitions between sit and stand; the total number of transitions; the number of walking periods lasting 5 and 10 seconds; and stride frequency. Results. The ICCs for functional activities between the first and second consecutive days for the 48-hour session (third session) ranged from .76 to .92. The ICCs for the 7- and 14-day intervals ranged from .45 to .96, with walking-related measures showing the highest ICCs (range = .81 to .96). Across the three 24-hour periods (sessions 1 and 2, and the first 24 hours of session 3), the ICCs for walking-related measures were again high ranging from .87 to .92. Walking-related measures demonstrated the highest generalizability coefficients, indicating these measures have the highest test-retest reliability in comparison to other functional activity measures. Conclusions. The present study shows that 24 hours of recording with an AM is a sufficient duration of time to reliably record patients' functional activity in the home and community settings. In addition, the highest test-retest reliability for activities across 7- and 14-day intervals were found for walking-related measures in individuals with PD, indicating these measures have the highest stability compared to the other measures of functional activity.
Engineering Efficient Similarity Search Methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Similarity search has become one of the important parts of many applications including multimedia retrieval, pattern recognition and machine learning. In this problem, the main task is to retrieve most similar (closest) objects in a large data set to a query efficiently by using a function that gives the distance between two objects.\n\nThis thesis is presented as a collection of seven papers with a tutorial on the topic and is mainly focused on efficiency issues of similarity search.\n\n• Paper I provides a survey on state-of-the-art approximate methods for metric and non-metric spaces.\n• Paper II proposes an approximate indexing method for the non-metric Bregman divergences.\n• Paper III shows how to transform static indexing methods into dynamic ones.\n• Paper IV presents a learning method to prune in metric and non-metric spaces.\n• Paper V improves the existing approximate technique that can be applied to ball-based metric indexing methods.\n• Paper VI presents an open source cross-platform similarity search library and a toolkit called the\n “Non-Metric Space Library” (NMSLIB) for evaluation of similarity search methods.\n• Paper VII evaluates a metric index for approximate string matching.
Wireless behind-the-ear EEG recording device with wireless interface to a mobile device (iPhone/iPod touch)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

EEG remains the mainstay test for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with epilepsy. Unfortunately, ambulatory EEG systems are far from ideal for patients that have infrequent seizures. The systems only last up to 3 days and if a seizure is not captured during the recordings, the doctor cannot give a definite diagnosis of the patient's condition. The ambulatory systems also suffers from being too bulky and posing some constraints on the patient, such as not being able to shower during the recordings. This paper presents a novel behind-the-ear EEG recording device that uses an iPhone or iPod Touch to continuously upload the patient's data to a secure server. This device not only gives the doctors access to the EEG data in real time but it can be easily removed and re-applied by the patient at any time, thus reducing the interference with quality of life.
Sensitivity Analysis of Horizontal Well Productivity under Steady-State Conditions

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Many horizontal wells are being drilled all over the world to increase their productivity in comparison to that of vertical wells. Horizontal wells increase reservoir contact area and thus increase productivity. Therefore, it is essential to be able to predict the horizontal well productivity. The major objectives of this investigation are to: (1) develop a comprehensive evaluation of currently-used steady-state productivity equations of horizontal well, (2) investigate the effect of horizontal well length and pay zone thickness on the productivity ratio of horizontal well to vertical well, when both having the same drainage area and under identical flow conditions, and (3) study the influence of pressure drop on production rate of horizontal wells using different steady-state flow equations. In this study, six different steady-state equations of the open-hole horizontal wells under identical conditions of flow parameters and reservoir geometry are subjected to a wide ranges of horizontal well lengths (100 to 3,000 ft), pay zone thickness (50 ft to 500 ft), and pressure drop (10 psi to 200 psi). These horizontal wells were used to calculate the productivity and to study the influences of flow rate and pressure drop on the sensitivity of these equations. The obtained results showed that all steady-state equations provide similar horizontal well productivity for horizontal well length &lt; 1000 ft, while a remarkable difference appears and increases when well length increases &gt; 1,000 ft. In addition, the results using all steady-state equations confirmed the recommendation of the application of horizontal well for thin formations and do not recommend it in thick ones (h &gt; 250 ft) for wells having identical rock and fluid properties. Comparing the performance of steady-state equations showed that all of these equations are sensitive to the increase of pressure drop, which yields an increase in flow rate of horizontal well. The results of this study have important implications in reservoir simulation studies, since it evaluates some important variables including pay zone thickness, well length, and pressure drop on the performance of each flow equation.
Hordeum vulgare L. JP 46374

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Hordeum vulgare L.
Common name(s): Six-rowed barley
Other names: HASSAN
Conserved by: NARO Genebank (NARO), Japan
Local sample unique identifier: JP 46374
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1989-02-07
Historical: No
Biological status: Other
MLS status: Included
SH2702957.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Applications of Regret theory to asset pricing

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Le texte intégral de ce document de travail n'est pas disponible en ligne. Une copie papier est disponible à l'Annexe de la bibliothéque. Effectuez une recherche par titre dans le catalogue pour réserver le document. // The full text of this working paper is not available online. A print copy is available in the Library Annex. Search by title in the catalogue to request the paper.
Multics and Plan 9: The Big Bangs in the Distributed Computing System Universe

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this article, the authors investigate the development of Multiplexed Information and Computing Service (Multics) and Plan 9, and illustrate how these approaches have influenced today's computing systems. "Computing service as an electricity service"' is the core mission of the distributed computing systems introduced by the Multics project in 1965. In developing the new generation of distributed computing systems, researchers have faced numerous obstacles, though many have already been addressed and dispelled by pioneer systems. Security, scalability, access transparency, resource-sharing, and dynamic reconfiguration are examples originally introduced and considered by both Multics and Plan 9. Moreover, many novel approaches have employed the basic ideas of these systems. However, there are further innovations that could be helpful in designing prospective distributed computing systems. As a result, studying previous systems' objectives and current statuses can facilitate new solutions and help point to possible failures.
Transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization with metallic coils for polycystic liver disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2013 / C-1967 / Transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization with metallic coils for polycystic liver disease by: T. Soyama, Y. Sakuhara, D. Abo, H. Shirato, S. Terae; Sapporo/JP
El valor del análisis cultural para la historiografía de las décadas del treinta y cuarenta en Colombia: estado del arte y nuevas direcciones

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article demonstrates the ways in which cultural analysis can contribute to the historiography of twentieth-century Colombia, particularly the 1930s and 1940s and the period of the República Liberal. With this goal in mind, and from a Latin American perspective, it reclaims for cultural history the work of authors we consider precursors and examines texts that have shaped the field. First, we outline the partisan historiography that first examined the República Liberal as an object of historical analysis after 1948, and the later introduction of disciplinary analyses that, from a structuralist perspective, proposed the first critical approaches to the period. We then discuss works that opened up new paths and that, more or less explicitly, introduced the analytical tools and methodologies of cultural analysis, thus expanding the repertoire of historical actors and actions that made up the warp and woof of life during this period. Finally, we map out recent works on the first half of the twentieth century in other Latin American countries that can suggest ways to delve further into the human experience during these two decades, a topic that remains barely studied.
Burning rate for a solid propellant ramjet developing constant thrust

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

An analysis of a solid propellant ramjet which carries the propellant in the combustion chamber was made, and a procedure outlined for calculating the required burning rate of such a ramjet which develops constant thrust. The two factors which influenced this development were:

1) The solid propellant ramjet’s combustion chamber varies in size with time due to burning of the fuel.
2) The solid propellant ramjet develops constant thrust.

These factors were coordinated with the analysis of the internal flow system of the ramjet, and an expression for the required burning rate was derived.
Preconditioning of Human Neural Stem Cells with Metformin to Promote Post-Stroke Recovery

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from human fibroblasts has revolutionized cell therapy by providing a source of autologous cells for transplantation. Several studies have demonstrated that transplantation of hiPSC-derived neural stem cells (hiPSC-NSCs) increases regeneration and recovery following stroke, supporting their therapeutic potential. However, major concerns for translating hiPSC transplantation therapy to the clinic are efficacy and safety. Therefore, there is demand to develop an optimal strategy to enhance the engraftment and regenerative capacity of transplanted hiPSC-NSCs. The recent published work shows that metformin, an FDA approved drug, is an optimal neuroregenerative agent that not only promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells but also enhances their neuronal differentiation. In this regard, we hypothesize that preconditioning of hiPSC-NSCs with metformin before transplantation into the stroke-damaged brain will improve engraftment and regenerative capabilities of hiPSC-NSCs, further enhancing cell-mediated functional recovery. Here we show that treatment of hiPSC-NSCs with metformin enhances the proliferation and differentiation of hiPSC-NSCs in culture even after withdrawal of metformin treatment, showing its promise as a novel preconditioning strategy. Furthermore, transplantation of preconditioned hiPSC-NSCs into a rat endothelin-1 ischemic stroke model showed an improved engraftment capability 1-week post-transplant. In addition, metformin preconditioned grafts survived longer compared to naïve grafts and were detectable at 8 weeks post-stroke. However, cell transplantation did not result in improve functional recovery when compared to sham group in this model. These studies represent a vital step in the optimization of hiPSC-NSC based transplantation to promote post-stroke recovery.
MR Imaging of the Brain in Chronic Acquired Hepatic Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of MRI of the brain in adults with non-Wilsonian chronic hepatic failure are reported. T1-weighted images demonstrated increased signal in the basal ganglia. These abnormalities are strikingly similar to those seen following manganese (Mn) intoxication. The causes of this high signal have been thought to include paramagnetic substances, especially Mn, which accumulates within the basal ganglia in liver cirrhosis, because of its increased concentration in whole blood. Mn neurotoxicity may contribute to the development of chronic hepatic encephalopathy so that therapies which prevent or reduce Mn overload may have clinical benefit.
ROLE OF CELLULASE IN AERENCHYMA DEVELOPMENT IN SUNFLOWER

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A hypothesis that ethylene causes aerenchyma development in waterlogged plants through increased cellulase activity was tested with sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. Treatment with commercial cellulase induced aerenchyma development in sunflower stem sections. Some of the cellulase‐treated cortical cells enlarged radially and some disintegrated, leading to intercellular space. Cell disintegration started with progressive plasmolysis and severe plasmolysis was associated with or was apparently followed by cell wall breakdown. Localized stem treatment of an intact sunflower with ethylene increased cellulase activity in that part of the stem. Localized stem treatment of an intact sunflower with a water jacket increased cellulase activity in that part of the stem. When the lower part of the sunflower was waterlogged, the cellulase activity in the waterlogged stem increased. Present and earlier results suggest that aerenchyma development is a plant adaptation to waterlogging conditions. The deficiency of oxygen in a waterlogged plant triggers the anaerobic stimulation of ethylene production, which causes an increase in cellulase activity leading to aerenchyma development and enhancing the transport of oxygen to the roots. It is proposed that there is competition between neighboring cortical cells for water after an increase in cell wall plasticity by the action of cellulase. The competition causes progressive plasmolysis and eventual disintegration of weaker cells.
ML-Assistant for human operators to solve faults and classify events complexity in electrical grids

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, human operators at grid control centers analyze a large volume of alarm information during outage's events, and must act fast to restore the service. Currently, after the occurrence of short-circuit faults and its isolation via feeder protection, fault location and isolation is achieved via remotely controlled switching actions defined by operator's experience. Despite operator's experience and knowledge, this makes the process sub-optimal and slower. This paper proposes two novel machine learning-based algorithms to assist human operator decisions, aiming to: i) classify the complexity of a fault occurrence (Occurrences Classifier) based on its alarm events; ii) provide fast insights to the operator on how to solve it (Data2Actions). The Occurrences Classifier takes the alarm information of an occurrence and classifies it as a "simple" or "complex" occurrence. The Data2Actions takes a sequence of alarm information from the occurrence and suggests to the operator the more adequate sequence of switching actions to isolate the fault section on the overhead medium voltage line. Both algorithms were tested in real data from a Distribution System Operator between 2017 and 2020, and showed i) an accuracy of 86% for the Data2Actions, and ii) the Occurrences Classifier reached 74% accuracy for "simple" occurrences and 58% for "complex" ones, leading to an overall 65% accuracy.
‘Byzance après Byzance’: Orthodox-christelijke cultuur ‘in het Grieks’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Steven Runciman called the Patriarchate of Constantinople under Ottoman rule “the great church in captivity.” In the opinion of the Romanian historian Nicolae Iorga, there existed a “Byzance après Byzance”, the continuation of the Byzantine ecclesiastical, cultural and – to some extent – political traditions within the framework of the Ottoman state. This contribution aims to shed some light on both perceptions of the fate of the Orthodox Church in the Ottoman period, but also pays attention to the remarkable revival of what Dimiter Obolensky named “the Byzantine commonwealth”: the emergence of a sound Orthodox Christian – rather than (ethnically) Greek – religious and cultural community that made use of Greek as the (ethnically unmarked) common language of the intellectual elite.