jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Blapstinus humilis Casey, new status

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Blapstinus humilis Casey, new status In making identifications of species of Blapstinus from the Bahamas, comparisons among southern Florida species and many specimens from Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands were warranted. Dissections of male aedeagi were done. The type specimens of B. humilis Casey (1890) and recent conspecific specimens from Florida appear to match Bahamian specimens (Great Exuma and San Salvador). I am provisionally using the name in this study. It should be noted at present that the same species, based on comparisons made among dissected specimens, also occurs in Cuba, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, and Hispaniola and probably involves some synonymy under an older name, plus synonymy of more recent names, e.g., B. dominicus Marcuzzi (1962). The Central American species described by Champion (1885) could also be involved, as other tenebrionid species have been shown to have a wide circum­Caribbean distribution. Blapstinus humilis Casey, however, was placed in synonymy under B. fuscus Casey, from Texas, by Davis (1970, unpublished thesis). This was recognized (and so validated) in a checklist of Florida beetles (Peck and Thomas 1998). With examination of Casey’s type material, however, I believe that Davis was incorrect in this decision. He made a dissection of the aedeagus of Casey’s only male specimen of B. humilis labeled “Fla.” but did not dissect any of the type series of B. fuscus. He illustrated the aedeagus of the Texas form but did not compare it to the Florida type. The first of nine Casey specimens of B. fuscus, labeled as lectotype by Davis, has now been dissected and compared among all examples mentioned above, plus other abundant material from eastern Texas. The two populations appear too distinct to be considered as one species: In the Texas specimens, aedeagi have parameres more broad with sides gradually curved from base to apex; body surfaces have noticeably more conspicuous setae, and antennae are consistently longer, than in Florida specimens. The latter have parameres narrow, with sides parallel in the basal 3/4ths, and the general body outline is relatively more parallel­sided than the elongate­oval form of the Texas specimens. Therefore, while the two taxa may be part of a large circum­caribbean complex, B. humilis should be brought out of synonymy and recognized as a valid species until further revision of this difficult group can be carried out.
Effect of laminate veneer designs on abfraction incidence using different loading conditions “finite element analysis”

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Statement of problem:Abfraction incidence is usually challenging and difficult to be identified accurately, especially, in case of existing restoration. Aim of the study:This study aimed to evaluate the influence of laminate veneer design on abfraction incidence in maxillary central incisor with different loading protocols using finite element analysis. Materials and methods:Maxillary central incisor was subjected to Computerized tomography (CT) scan to obtain 3D finite element model.Tooth without restoration (control) was subjected to a load of 100 N at 60° and 125°, the same load was applied with the previous directions on the tooth model with lithium disilicate laminate veneer using three preparation designs: veneer is taken up to the incisal edge level but the edge, is not reduced (Feather) (FP), design (FP) is prepared with 0.5mm incisal reduction without palatal overlapping (Butt joint.)(BJP) and (POP) in which, design (FP) is prepared with 2 mm incisal reduction and 0.5 mm palatal overlap. Results:In feather preparation (FP) design, stress values were slightly higher than that in control model in enamel and dentin at both load directions.While, but joint preparation (BJP) design exhibited the lowest stress in both layers and direction of load. ConclusionHighest stresses were concentrated at the cement -enamel junction in all loading scenarios, butt joint preparation (BJP) design in both load conditions developed lower stresses than that in other designs, and feather preparation (FP) design suggested the probability of abfraction formation.
Absorption and Retention of Dietary and Supplemental Fluoride by Infants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is a widespread belief that an adequate intake of fluoride during the pre-eruptive stage of enamel formation (i. e., from the diet in frequent small doses throughout the day) will be protective against caries in later life. To obtain data on bio-availability and retention of fluoride in one age group (infants), we studied 3 treatment regimens: In Regimen A, small amounts of fluoride were obtained from the diet in frequent doses throughout the day; in Regimen B, a fluoride supplement (0.25 mg) was given once each day with a feeding; Regimen C was similar to regimen B except that the fluoride supplement was given 1 h before a feeding. For the 3 regimens, the respective mean absorptions of fluoride were 90.1, 88.9, and 96.0% of intake, and the respective retentions were 12.5, 47.1, and 52.3% of intake. Neither the difference in absorption nor the difference in retention between regimens B and C was statistically significant. By subtracting the background urinary excretion of fluoride (i.e., excretion of fluoride while diet was the sole source of fluoride) from the excretion after administration of the fluoride supplement, we calculated that 68.1% of the supplement was retained in Regimen B and 73.0% of the supplement in Regimen C. The difference was not significant.
The geologic history of central and eastern Ledi-Geraru, Afar, Ethiopia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

abstract: Sedimentary basins in the Afar Depression, Ethiopia archive the progression of continental breakup, record regional changes in east African climate and volcanism, and host what are arguably the most important fossiliferous strata for studying early human evolution and innovation. Significant changes in rift tectonics, climate, and faunal assemblages occur between 3-2.5 million years ago (Ma), but sediments spanning this time period are sparse. In this dissertation, I present the results of a geologic investigation targeting sediments between 3-2.5 Ma in the central and eastern Ledi Geraru (CLG and ELG) field areas in the lower Awash Valley, using a combination of geologic mapping, stratigraphy, and tephra chemistry and dating. At Gulfaytu in CLG, I mapped the northern-most outcrops of the hominin-bearing Hadar Formation (3.8-2.9 Ma), a 20 m-thick section of flat-lying lacustrine sediments containing 8 new tephras that directly overlie the widespread BKT-2 marker beds (2.95 Ma). Paleolake Hadar persisted after 2.95 Ma, and the presence and characteristics of the Busidima Formation (2.7-0.016 Ma) indicates Gulfaytu was affected by a reversal in depositional basin polarity. Combined with regional and geophysical data, I show the Hadar Formation underlying CLG is >300 m thick, supporting the hypothesis that it was the lower Awash Pliocene depocenter. At ELG, I mapped >300 m of sediments spanning 3.0-2.45 Ma. These sediments coarsen upward and show a progression from fluctuating lake conditions to fluvial landscapes and widespread soil development. This is consistent with the temporal change in depositional environments observed elsewhere in the lower Awash Valley, and suggests that these strata are correlative with the Hadar Formation. Furthermore, the strata and basalts at ELG are highly faulted, and overprinted by shifting extension directions attributed to the northern migration of the Afar triple junction. The presence of fossiliferous beds and stone tools makes ELG a high-priority target for anthropological and archaeological research. This study provides a new temporally-calibrated and high-resolution record of deposition, volcanism, and faulting patterns during a period of significant change in the Afar.
Effect of Chain Length of Cationic Model Peptides on Antibacterial Activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cationic model peptides containing simple repeats, H-(LARL)3-(LRAL)n-NH2 (n = 0, 1, 2, and 3), were synthesized, and their antibacterial and hemolytic activities were investigated. Antibacterial activity decreased with an increase in the chain length of the peptides, whereas the reverse situation was found for hemolytic activity. As a result of measuring the bacterial membrane permeabilization, it was indicated that the complicated surface membrane structure of bacteria prevented the penetration of the long and rigid peptides into the inner membrane portion. Another peptide, H-(LARL)3-PRAL-(LRAL)2-NH2, which has a kink in the middle portion of the molecule, showed some antibacterial activity in spite of its long peptide chain.
The measurements of sickness absence – a theoretical perspective

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The assessment of sickness absence is a challenge in spite of accessible numbers of spells, persons, and days of absence in public and employer registers. Concepts and their definitions are still to a small extent standardized, and clear and explicit definitions need to be provided. In epidemiological studies, the definition of the study base is important, and in sickness absence research a prerequisite is that an individual belongs to a sickness absence insurance scheme. Population at risk can be identified at three levels: the general population, the sickness insured population, and the sickness absent population. Cases in sickness absence studies can be quantified in terms of spell-, person-, or time based measurements. Each of these ways reflects different contents of sickness absence as a phenomenon, and the choice of measurement should be guided by the purpose of the study as well as the target area. Five different measurements (frequency, length, cumulative incidence, incidence rate, and duration) are suggested and their application is discussed. These five measurements can be seen as a summary of measurements used in different studies and an application of epidemiologic methods into sickness absence research. There are opportunities to increase the quality of sickness absence research, with an increased awareness of the importance of the measurements used.
Three Contributions to the “Sonic Turn”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since roughly the mid-1990s, scholars in a number of humanities and social science disciplines have turned their attention to ontological, episte-mological, and phenomenological questions concerning sound. Historians Corbin (1998), Smith (1999), and Rath (2003), for example, have sought to "re-sound" historical spaces and eras; historians of science Bijsterveld (2001), Thompson (2002), and Blesser and Salter (2007) have examined architectural acoustics and the construction of a built sonic modernity; Gitelman (1999), Sterne (2003), and Weheliye (2005) have, albeit from quite different perspectives, explored the nexus of sound recording and reproduction technologies and cultural practices in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; in a special issue of Social Studies of Science, Pinch and Bijsterveld (2004) called for the establishment of a field of "sound studies"; and, while having entered the discussion of the sonic somewhat earlier, film historians and theorists, especially Lastra (2000), Altman, ed. (1992), and Chion (1994), have provided crucial analytical and historical sonic frameworks to think both with and against.
Study of body size compartments of 12 marine mammal species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gas bubble lesions consistent with DCS similar to human divers have been described in beaked whales stranded in temporal and spatial association with military exercises. There is a growing consensus that exposure to military sonar may trigger a behavioral response in beaked whales that may lead to bubble growth through decompression as the whales alter their diving behavior. Theoretical studies can be used to model different scenarios and to estimate tissue gas burden, thus suggesting behavioral changes that may affect risk. These models usually simplify the body into “n” independent parallel compartments. A body compartment is a collection of tissues that shares the same perfusion and gas solubility properties. The principal challenge of these models is to incorporate realistic parameters for the different species and to be calibrated against empirical data. The aim of this study is to determine the weigh of each tissue so the size of each compartment can later be calculated. For this purpose, mass dissections following McLellan et al.’s (2002) method have been performed in 21 marine mammals of 12 different species: 4 Delphinus delphis, 1 Grampus griseus, 2 Globicephala macrorhynchus, 1 Kogia breviceps, 1 Mesoplodon bidens, 2 Halichoerus grypus, 1 Mirounga angustirostris, 1 Phocoena phocoena, 3 Stenella coeruleoalba, 1 Stenella frontalis, 1 Tursiops truncatus, 3 Zaplophus californianus. Integument, muscle, bones, brain, and every other organ were weighed. Preliminary results showed that phocids had higher integument weight and lower muscle mass than otariids. Within cetaceans the short-finned pilot whale and the bottlenose dolphin had larger integument weight and lower relative muscle mass than the other species studied. Preliminary results suggested that muscle was the tissue that changed the most with body weight in D. delphis. Thus, body composition is an additionally tool to evaluate the body and health condition.
Caveolin‐1 down‐regulation is required for Wnt5a‐Frizzled 2 signalling in Ha‐RasV12‐induced cell transformation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Caveolin‐1 (Cav1) is down‐regulated during MK 4 ( MDCK cells harbouring inducible Ha‐Ras V12 gene) transformation by Ha‐Ras V12 . Cav1 overexpression abrogates the Ha‐Ras V12 ‐driven transformation of MK 4 cells; however, the targeted down‐regulation of Cav1 is not sufficient to mimic this transformation. Cav1‐silenced cells, including MK 4/shCav1 cells and MDCK /shCav1 cells, showed an increased cell area and discontinuous junction‐related proteins staining. Cellular and mechanical transformations were completed when MDCK /shCav1 cells were treated with medium conditioned by MK 4 cells treated with IPTG ( MK 4+I‐ CM ) but not with medium conditioned by MK 4 cells. Nanoparticle tracking analysis showed that Ha‐Ras V12 ‐inducing MK 4 cells increased exosome‐like microvesicles release compared with their normal counterparts. The cellular and mechanical transformation activities of MK 4+I‐ CM were abolished after heat treatment and exosome depletion and were copied by exosomes derived from MK 4+I‐ CM ( MK 4+I‐ EX s). Wnt5a, a downstream product of Ha‐Ras V12 , was markedly secreted by MK 4+I‐ CM and MK 4+I‐ EX s. Suppression of Wnt5a expression and secretion using the porcupine inhibitor C59 or Wnt5a si RNA inhibited the Ha‐Ras V12 ‐ and MK 4+I‐ CM ‐induced transformation of MK 4 cells and MDCK /shCav1 cells, respectively. Cav1 down‐regulation, either by Ha‐Ras V12 or targeted sh RNA , increased frizzled‐2 (Fzd2) protein levels without affecting its mRNA levels, suggesting a novel role of Cav1 in negatively regulating Fzd2 expression. Additionally, silencing Cav1 facilitated the internalization of MK 4+I‐ EX s in MDCK cells. These data suggest that Cav1‐dependent repression of Fzd2 and exosome uptake is potentially relevant to its antitransformation activity, which hinders the activation of Ha‐Ras V12 ‐Wnt5a‐Stat3 pathway. Altogether, these results suggest that both decreasing Cav1 and increasing exosomal Wnt5a must be implemented during Ha‐Ras V12 ‐driven cell transformation.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Novel, Potent and Bioavailable Proline‐Urea Based Macrocyclic HCV NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Factors influencing career success of nursing leaders in hospitals

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

This descriptive study examined four factors (educational preparation, mentoring, personal characteristics, and chance) that have facilitated the career success of nursing leaders in hospitals. Career success was defined as having been promoted to a designated hospital leadership position at the first line, middle, or executive level.^ The sample consisted of 116 nursing leaders employed in six general, acute care hospitals in Rhode Island. The Career Success Survey developed by Zimmerman (1983) was adapted for use in this study.^ Personal characteristics was the factor ranked as most important in facilitating career success. The five self-reported characteristics perceived as most influential in career success were: "knowledgeable", "competent", "responsible", "hardworking", and "committed". The second ranked factor was educational preparation. Mentoring ranked third, while chance or unplanned situational opportunity ranked fourth.^ Most of the respondents viewed their education as a present position requirement, as a source of credibility, and as a means of obtaining financial rewards. The respondents disagreed that their educational preparation opened job opportunities, allowed more challenging positions, or provided prestige.^ The most frequent types of mentors were supervisor, peer/colleague, and teacher. Providing opportunities and responsibilities, encouragement and recognition of potential, and instruction and training were the three most frequently reported types of mentoring assistance. Nursing leaders indicated having mentored others in the past and the likelihood of mentoring others in the future.^ Although the respondents ranked chance as the least important factor in their career success, a significant difference was observed (P $>$.05) in the perceptions of first line, middle, and executive level leaders of the influence of chance on career success. Sixty-eight percent of the first line leaders identified chance as a factor in their career success.^ The most frequently reported additional factors influencing career success were: work experience, significant events in life or career, and commitment to or longevity in an organization. Advice offered to aspiring nursing leaders was to obtain advanced education, develop human relations skill, and gain work experience. Implications are presented for career planning and development in nursing. Suggestions for further research are offered. ^
Listeria MonocytogenesMeningitis: Report of two Cases and Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Listeria Monocytogenes Meningitis: Report of two Cases and Review of the Literature Get access Edward S. Spilkin, M.D., Edward S. Spilkin, M.D. Departments of Pathology, Harper Hospital, and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Rachmaninoff, M.D., N. Rachmaninoff, M.D. Departments of Pathology, Harper Hospital, and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. R. W. Climie, M.D. A. R. W. Climie, M.D. Departments of Pathology, Harper Hospital, and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 49, Issue 5, 1 May 1968, Pages 671–676, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/49.5.671 Published: 01 May 1968 Article history Received: 16 June 1967 Published: 01 May 1968
Metformin Is Associated With Improved Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Metformin exerts anti-inflammatory properties through a positive effect on oxidative stress, gut barrier integrity, and the gut microbiota. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of metformin on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX database in patients with IBD and T2DM who initiated metformin vs oral hypoglycemics or insulin (control cohort) between August 31, 2002, and August 31, 2022. One-to-one propensity score matching was performed. Primary outcomes were need for intravenous (IV) steroid use or IBD-related surgery within 1, 2, and 3 years after metformin initiation. Results Our cohorts included 1323 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) (mean age 58.7 ± 12.2 years, 50.1% female, 77.3% White) and 1278 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) (mean age 56.3 ± 12.6 years, 58.2% female, 76.5% White). At 1 year, patients with UC and CD were less likely to require IV steroids (UC: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-0.59; P &lt; .01; CD: aOR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53-0.85; P &lt; .01). The decreased need for IV steroids persisted in all metformin groups at 2 and 3 years. Patients with CD were at a lower risk for IBD-related surgery at year 1 (aOR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.31-0.81; P &lt; .01), and this finding persisted at 3 years (aOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.89; P &lt; .01). Metformin did not affect risk for surgery in patients with UC. Conclusions Patients with IBD and T2DM on metformin had a decreased likelihood of worse IBD outcomes.
Accurate temperature sensor system based on linear-cavity fiber laser array

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

,An accurate temperature sensor system based on linear-cavity fiber laser array is proposed in this paper. We establish a general theoretical model for this sensor system and analyze its performance. This fiber Bragg grating sensor system can resolve a temperature up to 0.0005/spl deg/C, theoretically. Such high resolution results from a discriminating fiber grating pair and a high signal-to-noise ratio fiber laser array with self-equalized and self-enhanced lasing power. The proposed fiber laser sensor system could be used for temperature sensing with high precision in bio-medical applications.
APPLICATION OF PIEZOSENSORS FOR DETERMINATION OF COMPONENTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Currently, the role of environmental control is increasing as one of the effective measures to improve the quality of the environment. Determination of air pollutants by known instrumental and laboratory methods requires a lot of time, complex mathematical processing of results, expensive reagents and equipment. As an alternative, an express, economically justified and reliable method for determining the components of air pollutants using piezosensors is proposed. The main components of gas emissions from furniture manufacturing enterprises were selected as objects of research. It is shown that the developed method makes it possible to control changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of gas emissions from furniture factories.