jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Material for: Acute Kidney Injury after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Methods: A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and clinicaltrials.gov from inception through October, 2014. Studies that reported relative risks, ORs, or hazard ratios comparing the AKI risk in patients who underwent TAVR versus those who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement were included. We performed the pre-specified sensitivity analysis including only propensity score-based studies. Mortality risk was evaluated among the studies that reported AKI outcome. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. Results: Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 1,852 patients and 14 cohort studies with 3,113 patients were analyzed to assess the AKI risk in patients undergoing TAVR. The pooled RRs of AKI in patients undergoing TAVR were 0.65 (95% CI 0.36-1.15, I2 = 75%) in the analysis of RCTs and propensity score-based studies and 0.76 (95% CI 0.44-1.34, I2 = 79%) in the analysis of observational studies. Sensitivity analysis in RCTs and propensity score-based studies using a standard AKI definition demonstrated a significant association between TAVR and lower AKI risk (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.25-0.50, I2 = 0%). Our meta-analyses of RCTs and propensity score-based studies did not find associations between TAVR and reduced risks of severe AKI requiring dialysis (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.38-1.79, I2 = 63%). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis demonstrates an association between TAVR and lower AKI risk.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PCOS AMONG HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL GIRLS IN DHARMAPURI, TAMILNADU.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the major endocrine disorder among 13% of women during reproductive age and 6–18% of adolescents in India. It can cause irregular menstrual periods, ovarian cysts, hirsutism, obesity, acne, male-pattern baldness or thinning of the hair, and infertility. PCOS can be triggered by a sedentary lifestyle, a lack of nutritional food, insulin resistance, low-grade inammation, heredity, and an excess androgen level. Adolescents should have knowledge and awareness of PCOS, which plays an important role in treating and preventing the disease. Objectives: 1) To assess the level of knowledge regarding PCOS among high school girls. 2) To nd out the association between the level of knowledge and selected demographic variables. Methods: A quantitative evaluative approach and descriptive research design were used for this study. The study was conducted among 100 students of Govt. Girls Higher Secondary School, Adhiyamankottai, Dharmapuri. A non-randomized purposive sampling technique was used for this study. The tool consists of two parts. Section I: demographic variables and Section II: self-administered knowledge questionnaire. Result: The maximum number of samples was 74% with average knowledge, 24% with good knowledge, 2% with poor knowledge, and no one had excellent knowledge. Statistically, no association was found between the level of knowledge and demographic variables such as age in years, group in higher secondary, religion, type of family, living area, father's occupation, mother's occupation, monthly income of family, and family history. Conclusion: Through this study, we can identify the need to conduct an awareness program to enhance the knowledge of PCOS, through which we can control and prevent the same problem and its impacts in the future.
Analysis of Missile Threat for Adaptive Closed-Loop Electronic Countermeasures.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The ultimate objective of a closed-loop ECM has been identified as the maximization of the miss-distance. This objective can be pursued in many ways, among which is the induction of a circular orbit to the missile's seeker; this orbit is known to be achievable in the cases of conical-scan and SWIC radars. The real-time observables, or the prior knowledge which is required, determine the ECM effectiveness but it has been shown that even with very limited data the effectiveness is not degraded too much. In many cases, the general type of the missile can serve as a basis for a rough parameter estimation. For example, a long-range missile can generally be associated with a certain range of weights and thus with its appropriate time constants. Some prior intelligence information, especially regarding TSW, is always helpful and can save precious engagement time thus increasing the probability of obtaining a large miss. The dependence of the probability-density-function of the miss- distance on the combined prior and real-time data should be further investigated. Most of the work reported here was concerned with only a particular ECM method (circular orbit).
Stranded Marine Turtles in Northeastern Brazil: Incidence and Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Fibropapillomatosis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fibropapillomatosis is a threat to the survival of marine turtles, especially green turtles; therefore, studies on this neoplastic disease are considered a conservation priority. Our goal was to characterize the incidence and spatial–temporal distribution of fibropapillomatosis in the Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará states, Brazil. This study was based on data obtained during daily observations by a beach monitoring program from 2012 to 2015. A total of 2688 marine turtles, comprising the 5 species that occur in the Brazilian coast, were observed; 604 of the 610 individuals that presented fibropapillomatosis tumors were green turtles (Chelonia mydas). During the study period, we identified an increase in relative fibropapillomatosis frequency from 13.16% (2012) to 35.29% (2015), with a yearly peak in strandings between October and December. Fibropapillomatosis tumors were classified according to anatomical distribution, size, and the Southwest Atlantic Fibropapillomatosis Score (e.g., mild, moderate, and severe). The total number of tumors varied from 1 to 67; most were classified as size B and mild and were located mainly on the forelimbs and neck (49.63 and 25.95%, respectively). Our study shows the need to implement mitigation measures to promote sea turtle conservation in the Potiguar Basin, an important area for marine turtles in Brazil.
Extended Curry-Howard Correspondence for a Basic Constructive Modal Logic

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

this paper. This calculus satises cut-elimination, as for instance shown (in a more complicated form) in [Wij90]. This calculus is dierent from what is usually taken as the basic constructive system K, as we do not assume the distribution of possibility (3) over disjunctions neither in its binary form 3(A _ B) ! (3A _ 3B) nor in its nullary form 3? ! ? The sequent calculus above corresponds to an axiomatic formulation given by axioms for intuitionistic logic, plus axioms: 2(A ! B) ! (2A ! 2B) 2(A ! B) ! (3A ! 3B) 2A3B ! 3(A B) together with rules for Modus Ponens and Necessitation: ` A ! B ` A ` B MP ` A ` 2A Nec Wijesekera proved a Craig interpolation theorem, one of the usual consequences of syntactic cut-elimination and produced Kripke, algebraic and topological semantics for a calculus very similar to the one above. The only dierence is that he does assume 3? ! ?. From our \\wish list&quot; for logical systems only a natural deduction formulation and a categorical semantics are missing. These we proceed to discuss
Maturation of high‐density EEG oscillatory visual responses in infants born preterm

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Children born preterm are at risk for developmental cerebral visual impairment. Several modalities of visual evoked potentials recording have been used to approach prognosis. The recent development of high-density EEG protocols allows evaluation of the oscillatory content of cortical activities evoked by specific stimulation. We aimed to document maturational EEG changes in response to visual stimulation in infants born preterm. Aim: to document maturational EEG changes in response to visual stimulation in infants born preterm. Material and methods: 12 newborn infants (8 boys/4 girls) born preterm (28-31 weeks of gestation) were recorded at term age and 3 months later using the ActiveTwo system (Biosemi) high-density EEG. Exclusion criteria were craniofacial congenital malformations, known genetic syndrome. No infants had retinopathy, intraventricular hemorrhage or cystic periventricular leukomalacia. We used size-adapted head caps with 64 sintered active Ag/AgCl electrodes positioned according to the 10/20 system. Sampling rate was 2048 Hz. We performed EEGLab analysis of theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency spatiotemporal contents (incl. event-related spectral perturbation and intertrial coherence) of event related potentials evoked by slow (1Hz) and fast (9Hz) visual flash stimulation. Summed ear lobe potentials were used as reference. We used 1 Hz high-pass filter, 60 Hz low-pass filter and 48-52 Hz notch filter.
Extended field-of-view and increased-signal 3D holographic illumination with time-division multiplexing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Phase spatial light modulators (SLMs) are widely used for generating multifocal three-dimensional (3D) illumination patterns, but these are limited to a field of view constrained by the pixel count or size of the SLM. Further, with two-photon SLM-based excitation, increasing the number of focal spots penalizes the total signal linearly--requiring more laser power than is available or can be tolerated by the sample. Here we analyze and demonstrate a method of using galvanometer mirrors to time-sequentially reposition multiple 3D holograms, both extending the field of view and increasing the total time-averaged two-photon signal. We apply our approach to 3D two-photon in vivo neuronal calcium imaging.
Ulysses Dust Measurements Near Jupiter

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Submicrometer- to micrometer-sized particles were recorded by the Ulysses dust detector within 40 days of the Jupiter flyby. Nine impacts were recorded within 50 Jupiter radii with most of them recorded after closest approach. Three of these impacts are consistent with particles on prograde orbits around Jupiter and the rest are believed to have resulted from gravitationally focused interplanetary dust. From the ratio of the impact rate before the Jupiter flyby to the impact rate after the Jupiter flyby it is concluded that interplanetary dust particles at the distance of Jupiter move on mostly retrograde orbits. On 10 March 1992, Ulysses passed through an intense dust stream. The dust detector recorded 126 impacts within 26 hours. The stream particles were moving on highly inclined and apparently hyperbolic orbits with perihelion distances of >5 astronomical units. Interplanetary dust is lost rather quickly from the solar system through collisions and other mechanisms and must be almost continuously replenished to maintain observed abundances. Dust flux measurements, therefore, give evidence of the recent rates of production from sources such as comets, asteroids, and moons, as well as the possible presence of interstellar grains.
The Divergent Pathways to the Divine, God: A Comprehensible Research Article on the Convergences and Divergences of the Divine Pathways in the Three Major Religions within the Framework of Religious Diversity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The current research article seeks to explore the convergences and divergences in the approaches to reaching God across the three major world religions within the context of religious diversity. The current article implements a review of the existing literature as a research method in order to gather conclusive and evidence-based data with the aim of systematically evaluating these approaches in order to address the research objectives effectively. Throughout history, religions have focused on the concept of God or a divine being, yet the approaches to understanding or reaching this concept have varied dramatically among these three different religions. By comparing the understandings of God or divine reality in Islam, Christianity, and Judaism along with the methods of reaching this understanding, the study reveals the fact that the theological and ritual structures of each religion are uniquely established. Furthermore, the common themes and fundamental differences among the approaches to reaching God in these religions are scrutinized. The findings of the study reveal both similar and different aspects of the roadmaps among the three major religions, and in this context, it is concluded that the cultural, historical and theological backgrounds of each religion shape their respective approaches to the Divine, that is, the ultimate absolute being, God.
Efficacy of Topical Alpha Ointment (Containing Natural Henna) Compared to Topical Hydrocortisone (1%) in the Healing of Radiation-Induced Dermatitis in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This two-arm, randomized clinical study aimed to compare efficacy between topical Alpha ointment and topical hydrocortisone cream (1%) in the healing of radiation-induced dermatitis in breast cancer patients. \nMethods: The inclusion criteria comprised newly pathologically proven, locally advanced breast cancer (treated with modified radical mastectomy followed by sequential adjuvant treatments, including chest wall radiotherapy [45-50.4 Gy]) and grade 2 and/or 3 chest wall dermatitis. The exclusion criteria were comprised of any underlying disease or medications interfering with the wound healing process, previous history of chest wall radiotherapy, and concurrent use of chemotherapy. Sixty eligible patients were randomly assigned to use either topical Alpha ointment (study arm, n=30) or topical hydrocortisone cream (1%) (control arm, n=30) immediately after receiving a total dose of 45-50 Gy chest wall radiotherapy. \nResults: The mean radiation dose was 49.1 Gy in the control arm and 48.8 Gy in the study arm. The mean dermatitis area was 13.54 cm2 in the control arm and 17.02 cm2 in the study arm. Topical Alpha ointment was more effective on the healing of radiation-induced dermatitis than was topical hydrocortisone cream (1%) (P=0.001). This effect was significant in the second week (P=0.007). In addition, Alpha ointment decreased the patients’ complaints such as pain (P<0.001), pruritus (P=0.009), and discharge (P=0.010) effectively and meaningfully. \nConclusion: Topical Alpha ointment was more effective on the healing of radiation-induced dermatitis than was topical hydrocortisone cream (1%) in our patients with breast cancer. \nTrial Registration Numbers: IRCT201206099979N1 \n ACTRN12612000837820
Ranolazine for the treatment of chronic stable angina: a cost-effectiveness analysis from the UK perspective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To estimate the cost-effectiveness of ranolazine when added to standard-of-care (SoC) antianginals compared with SoC alone in patients with stable coronary disease experiencing ≥3 attacks/week. Setting An economic model utilising a UK health system perspective, a 1-month cycle-length and a 1-year time horizon. Participants Patients with stable coronary disease experiencing ≥3 attacks/week starting in 1 of 4 angina frequency health states based on Seattle Angina Questionnaire Angina Frequency (SAQAF) scores (100=no; 61–99=monthly; 31–60=weekly; 0–30=daily angina). Intervention Ranolazine added to SoC or SoC alone. Patients were allowed to transition between SAQAF states (first cycle only) or death (any cycle) based on probabilities derived from the randomised, controlled Efficacy of Ranolazine in Chronic Angina trial and other studies. Patients not responding to ranolazine in month 1 (not improving ≥1 SAQAF health state) discontinued ranolazine and were assumed to behave like SoC patients. Primary and secondary outcomes measures Costs (£2014) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for patients receiving and not receiving ranolazine. Results Ranolazine patients lived a mean of 0.701 QALYs at a cost of £5208. Those not receiving ranolazine lived 0.662 QALYs at a cost of £5318. The addition of ranolazine to SoC was therefore a dominant economic strategy. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was sensitive to ranolazine cost; exceeding £20 000/QALY when ranolazine's cost was >£203/month. Ranolazine remained a dominant strategy when indirect costs were included and mortality rates were assumed to increase with worsening severity of SAQAF health states. Monte Carlo simulation found ranolazine to be a dominant strategy in ∼71% of 10 000 iterations. Conclusions Although UK-specific data on ranolazine's efficacy and safety are lacking, our analysis suggest ranolazine added to SoC in patients with weekly or daily angina is likely cost-effective from a UK health system perspective.
Kinetics of Lower Limb Prosthesis: Automated Detection of Vertical Loading Rate

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Vertical loading rate could be associated with residuum and whole body injuries affecting individuals fitted with transtibial prostheses. The objective of this study was to outline one out of five automated methods of extraction of vertical loading rate that stacked up the best against manual detection, which is considered the gold standard during pseudo-prosthetic gait. The load applied on the long axis of the leg of three males was recorded using a transducer fitted between a prosthetic foot and physiotherapy boot while walking on a treadmill for circa 30 min. The automated method of extraction of vertical loading rate, combining the lowest absolute average and range of 95% CI difference compared to the manual method, was deemed the most accurate and precise. The average slope of the loading rate detected manually over 150 strides was 5.56 ± 1.33 kN/s, while the other slopes ranged from 4.43 ± 0.98 kN/s to 6.52 ± 1.64 kN/s depending on the automated detection method. An original method proposed here, relying on progressive loading gradient-based automated extraction, produced the closest results (6%) to manual selection. This work contributes to continuous efforts made by providers of prosthetic and rehabilitation care to generate evidence informing reflective clinical decision-making.
Development of Residential Space for the ToKaili Community with a Phenomenological Approach in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The uniqueness of the evolutionary process of housing and housing provision is directed by developments in culture, technology, and knowledge. This study aims to reveal what is behind the phenomenon of providing houses from time to time. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The results of this analysis found several periods of Settlement, ranging from nomadic to ideal permanent solutions and farming settlement hierarchies.
Prophylactic salpingectomy for prevention of ovarian cancer at the time of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Most serous ovarian cancers are now understood to originate in the fallopian tubes. Removing the tubes (salpingectomy) likely reduces the risk of developing high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Numerous gynaecological societies now recommend prophylactic (or opportunistic) salpingectomy at the time of gynaecological surgery in appropriate women, and this is widely done. Salpingectomy at the time of non-gynaecological surgery has not been explored and may present an opportunity for primary prevention of ovarian cancer. Methods This study investigated whether prophylactic salpingectomy with the intention of reducing the risk of developing ovarian cancer would be accepted and could be accomplished at the time of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Women aged at least 45 years scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were recruited. They were counselled and offered prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy at the time of cholecystectomy. Outcome measures were rate of accomplishment of salpingectomy, time and procedural steps needed for salpingectomy, and complications. Results A total of 105 patients were included in the study. The rate of acceptance of salpingectomy was approximately 60 per cent. Salpingectomy was performed in 98 of 105 laparoscopic cholecystectomies (93·3 per cent) and not accomplished because of poor visibility or adhesions in seven (6·7 per cent). Median additional operating time was 13 (range 4–45) min. There were no complications attributable to salpingectomy. One patient presented with ovarian cancer 28 months after prophylactic salpingectomy; histological re-evaluation of the tubes showed a previously undetected, focal serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma. Conclusion Prophylactic salpingectomy can be done during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
A new strategy for brain tumour metabolomic analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Nowadays, diagnosis of brain tumours is mainly carried out via neuroimaging techniques. The most widespread methods for routine analysis include computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. While such methods are useful to localise tumours, they are unable to offer a conclusive diagnosis of the tumour type. A final diagnosis can only be made via a histological examination of tissue after tumour resection, or, in cases where the location of the tumour is not amenable to resection, after a biopsy of the tumour is carried out. Untargeted metabolite analysis is a relatively new approach to diagnostics, capable of establishing wide characterisation of endogenous metabolites of a given system, a method that can be applied to improve identification of tumour types via biomarker discovery. In this regard, sample collection and preparation can be said to be the most important step in metabolomic studies. Material and methods: In the current study, a solid phase microextraction (SPME) protocol for metabolo-mics, which has been successfully applied towards metabolite analysis in various biological materials in the last few years, was optimised for brain tumour tissue metabolomic analysis. In the current study, the described approach was applied to human brain tumours. Aiming to incur minimal tissue damage, the probes used for sampling were of diameter ca. 0.2 mm. Aiming to optimise the method towards enhanced recovery of the extracted metabolites, various desorption solvents were tested in an optimisation study. The final protocol was used for analysis of a pilot cohort of patients with glioma and meningioma tumours. Results: The results showed that a protocol where chemical biopsy was performed directly from resected tumour with 7-mm-long coating SPME probe and desorption was done using 0.3 mL of a mixture of acetonitrile and water 80:20 v/v was superior to other tested protocols. The optimised method allowed for successful differentiation between the two types of brain tumours studied: meningioma and glioma. Despite the relatively small cohort group involved in the study, several compounds were tentatively identified as statistically significant metabolites responsible for this differentiation. Conclusions: The presented preliminary data demonstrate a potential of the proposed method as a low invasive diagnostic tool for on-site analysis.