jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Series compensation for extended utilization of power transmission systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Series compensation is an efficient and cost effective means for improving the transmission capability of power grids. It minimizes the number of transmission lines needed for a certain power transmission capacity of an inter-connector. With series capacitors, the capability of already existing power lines can be increased considerably, thereby decreasing the need for building new lines in cases where the need for power transmission in a system is growing. Installing series compensation is typically also less costly as well as less time consuming than building new lines. The paper presents some basic mechanisms for series compensation in power grids, fixed as well as thyristor-controlled, some salient design features as well as operational experience from a few cases for improving interregional power transfer in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way. (5 pages)
American Scientists and Their Fictions: Professional Authorship and Intellectual Identity, 1870–1900

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Writers and critics in the Gilded Age United States frequently debated the relations between literature and science. A common contemporary interpretation of this relationship held that these two ways of knowing and writing were fundamentally opposed and that the advancement of science in American culture came at the expense of literary sensibilities. Nevertheless, and often as an effort to challenge this supposed opposition, many scientists also cultivated reputations as literary figures, and produced or planned diverse works ranging from travel writing and novels to verse drama. Such authors as Clarence King, J. Peter Lesley, Simon Newcomb and Nathaniel Southgate Shaler sustained a hybrid literary–scientific culture in the late nineteenth century. This interdisciplinary cultural zone was fragile and increasingly fractured by around 1900, as the emergence and consolidation of new categories of intellectual labour became increasingly wedded to the images of the “professional author” and the “scientist” as mutually exclusive identities. This article seeks to contribute to recurrent debates about the “two cultures” of literature and science by foregrounding the differentiation of these new forms of professional and intellectual identity as a decisive factor which constrained the possibility of a shared literary–scientific culture by the turn of the twentieth century.
External Load Evaluation in Elite Futsal: Influence of Match Results and Game Location with IMU Technology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to assess the external load demands in futsal, considering both home and away matches and their outcomes, in order to plan microcycles throughout the season based on the external load of each match. The external load of 10 players from a First Division team in the Spanish Futsal League was recorded throughout 15 official matches in the first half of the league championship. The players’ external load was monitored using OLIVER devices. To analyse the influence of the match outcome and location on the external load, a univariate general linear model (GLM) analysis was conducted with Bonferroni post hoc. There are no differences between the variables neither comparing results nor location factors, except for accelerations of 2 to 3 m/s2 (m) per minute and the number of accelerations of 2 to 3 m/s2 per minute, reporting higher value winnings at home than away (p < 0.05). The location and results are not factors that influence on external load in futsal matches, except the number and distance performed in accelerations and distance covered at a low to medium speed. These findings are important for planning microcycles and providing the appropriate dosage to each player to achieve optimal performance in matches.
Effect of essential oil from pomelo <i>Citrus grandis</i> on suppression of histamine accumulation in dried whole red-eye round herring <i>Etrumeus teres</i>

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ヒスタミン蓄積が認められたうるめいわし丸干から分離した細菌は，16S rRNA配列分析で99.15%の相同性を示したPhotobacterium angustumと同定された。柑橘の文旦の精油は丸干由来のPhotobacterium angustumに対して増殖抑制作用を示した。うるめいわし丸干製造時の塩漬工程で柑橘精油を添加した結果，丸干のヒスタミンの蓄積が抑制された。うるめいわし丸干製造におけるヒスタミン蓄積を抑制する方法として柑橘精油の添加が有効であることを確認した。
Use of Repeated DNA Sequences as Cytological Markers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The majority of DNA that is found in most of the flowering plants appears to be non-coding DNA. Much of this excess DNA consists of nucleotide sequences which exist as multiple copies throughout the genome and are designated as repetitive sequences. Those sequences which are found in moderately high to high numbers of copies are observed to be of the greatest value as cytological markers. Moderately high copies may exist as sequences which are dispersed throughout the chromosomes of some species and not dispersed in other more distantly related species. By taking advantage of this characteristic and the technique of in situ hybridization with biotinylated probes, breakpoints of chromosomal translocations may be observed between species such as wheat and rye. Many of the high copy number repetitive sequences are organized in a tandem fashion in specific loci in the chromosome. Chromosomal identification may be accomplished by using the in situ hybridization technique. Upon in situ hybridization with a repetitive sequence isolated from Aegilops squarrosa, the patterns of the sites of hybridization allowed the D-genome chromosomes to be identified. The sequence was also observed only on the D-genome chromosomes of several polyploid species indicating its usefulness as a genome specific marker. Using this genome specificity, assessment of the orientation of the D-genome chromosomal segments of hexaploid wheat carrying the sequence during interphase and prophase of mitotic root tip cells was possible. Repetitive DNA sequences, therefore, provide cytological markers necessary for studies of chromosomal identification, genome allocation, and genome orientation. The use of biotin-labeled DNA probes allows the technique of in situ hybridization to be performed much more rapidly and with a greater degree of safety and reliability.
Effect of stopping low-phenylalanine diet on intellectual progress of children with phenylketonuria.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Forty-seven patients at the Hospital for Sick Children, London, who had phenylketonuria and were on a low-phenylalanine diet (21 early-treated--that is, treatment started before the age of 4 months--and 26 late-treated) were placed on a normal diet between the ages of 5 and 15 years. They showed significant falls in mean IQ of about six points after the diet was withdrawn. Twenty-two similar patients (five early-treated and 17 late-treated) at the Universitäts-Kinderklinik, Heidelberg, who were placed on a relaxed low-phenylalanine rather than a normal diet, showed smaller and non-significant falls in mean IQ. During the period of strict diet none of the patients in London or Heidelberg showed any consistent falls in IQ. These results suggest that complete withdrawal of the low-phenylalanine diet during childhood leads to a fall in intellectual progress in many patients.
Empowering the Apprentice Academic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Tertiary institutions offer a variety of provision for postgraduate students aimed at the development of academic writing skills. This article using a series of workshops and individual tutorials designed specifically for students engaged in writing theses and exegeses in certain discipline areas in a large New Zealand university. It outlines and reflects on the process of identifying and analysing relevant information for the design, content and on-going development of the workshops. This includes supervisors’ expectations, students’ needs and feedback, as well as the features of published texts and unpublished theses and exegeses. The post-workshop tutorial provision is underpinned by the two key principles of dialogue to assist clarity of expression, and encouragement for students to express their own voice. The experience gained from this work has led to the development of a discipline specific online paper for students in their first year of postgraduate study.
Examining posttraumatic cognitions as a pathway linking trauma exposure and eating disorder symptoms in veteran men and women: A replication and extension study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Trauma is a risk factor for eating disorders (EDs). Enhanced understanding of the pathways from trauma to EDs could identify important treatment targets. Guided by theory, the present study sought to replicate previous findings identifying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and shape/weight overvaluation as important pathways between trauma and ED symptoms and extend this work by investigating the role of posttraumatic cognitions in these associations. The sample included 825 female and 565 male post-9/11 veterans who completed cross-sectional survey measures of trauma, posttraumatic cognitions, PTSD symptoms, shape/weight overvaluation, and ED symptoms. Gender-stratified structural equation models were used to examine direct and indirect pathways from trauma exposure to EDs via PTSD symptoms and shape/weight overvaluation (replication) and posttraumatic cognitions (extension). Results suggested that trauma exposure was indirectly associated with ED symptoms via shape/weight overvaluation and posttraumatic cognitions. There was no indirect association between trauma exposure and ED symptoms via PTSD symptoms. Overall, findings from this study highlight the potential role of posttraumatic cognitions in understanding the association between trauma and ED symptoms. However, future longitudinal research is needed to verify the directionality of these associations and investigate cognitions as a potentially targetable risk mechanism in co-occurring trauma and EDs.
Estimating the Impact of Alkali Bees on the Yield and Acreage of Alfalfa Seed

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The role of solitary alkali bees ( Nomia melanderi ) in the production of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) seed in a central California water district is examined empirically. The yield and acreage of alfalfa seed increased rapidly in the district when alkali bees were adopted by a set of innovative farmers during the 1960s. By 1969, farmers in the district had installed more than 100 000 sq ft of artificial bee beds. The alkali bees were destroyed unexpectedly in the early 1970s, leading to a rapid decline in alfalfa seed acres and yields. An estimated production function describes the marginal productivity of the alkali bees and the impact of alkali bees on the marginal productivity of land. An estimated acreage response function describes the impact of alkali bees, alfalfa seed yields, and alternative crop prices on the number of acres planted in alfalfa seed in the water district. These models describe one approach to estimating the economic value of bees in producing alfalfa seed.
Online Introduction to Information Literacy: Ticking that box or Embedding that attribute??

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The University of Wollongong introduced an online compulsory undergraduate Information Literacy Introductory Program (ILIP) in 1999. Extensions and adjustments make ILIP 2003 a requirement for postgraduate coursework students as well as undergraduate students. ILIP is also highly recommended to incoming research students. Such policy initiatives for a compulsory online learning tool raise interesting questions about the interaction of University policy and learning and teaching policy, about the implementation of such policy and about the effectiveness of the tool both alone and as part of a process. This paper suggests that the compulsory ruling has effected the tool’s development and implementation. The paper contends the tool should be considered both as an online learning device and in its use in developing alliances between library and learning support staff and faculty in the development of desirable student learning outcomes. Such alliances are part of the University meeting its Graduate Attribute outcomes and thus part of the current debate regarding generic skill development and employability skills. Where the Program is most effectively used is where it becomes the stepping stone to interaction and integration of information literacy - a key component of success for students in their studies and beyond. Here it can have impact!
Indagine sugli elementi dentari come possibili indicatori biologici di metalli pesanti

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Heavy metals strongly contribute to the pollution of the environment, and playing a fundamental role in development of human illnesses and toxic effects. \nTeeth are valuable bioarchives of information about our organism. They give us information about development, nutrition, stress, and exposure to disease. \nAim of our study is to evaluate heavy metal concentrations in human teeth and to investigate the affecting factors. Samples (teeth 79) were collected from Sardinia people, and analyzed for lead, copper, nickel and cadmium concentration using atomic absorption spectrometer graphite furnace (GFAAS). The mean concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cd and Ni were 3,46 Î¼g/g,0,419 Î¼g/g, 0,0257 Î¼g/g,&lt;0,05 Î¼g/g, respectively. \nA questionnaire was used to gather information on each person, such as age, sex, place where the patient lives, smoking, presence of amalgam fillings. \nResults indicate that there is a clear relation between metals concentrations and place of living, with smoke, and teeth, age of patient.
WATER-BASED SETTLEMENTS AND THE URBAN PLANNING CHALLENGES IN INDONESIA A CASE STUDY OF BANJARMASIN CITY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Banjarmasin city is located in territorial waters. The development is currently causing problems related to the context of the aquatic environment. This is because urban development planning is not in accordance with the environmental context. Therefore, this article aims to determine the sustainability of water-based settlements in aquatic environment in Banjarmasin city. This is a qualitative article with the descriptive method used to explain the environmental structure and architectural elements of water-based settlements. Primary and secondary data were obtained from field observations and the city government in the form of maps and pictures of settlements. The data collected were analyzed with the descriptive approach and concluded using the deductive method. This article reveals the form of residence due to community adaptation to water areas and finds that urban spatial development policies need to understand the community's adaptation process as a local brand of city identity. The concept of 'living with water is a future challenge because it is a water-based cultural adaptation strategy. The architecture of the floating residence has the opportunity to be developed into a floating settlement and city. Therefore, the adaptation of residential architectural forms and environmental structures supports the Banjarmasin city as a waterfront city.
Differential Privacy-Aware Generative Adversarial Network-Assisted Resource Scheduling for Green Multi-Mode Power IoT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The low-carbon and efficient operation of smart parks requires high-precision and real-time energy management model training. Multi-mode power internet of things (PIoT) consisting of open radio access networks (O-RAN) and power line communications (PLC) can effectively improve the model training performance. However, the negative effects of network threats, such as model inversion attacks, cannot be neglected. To solve this problem, we propose a diFferential pRivacy-aware gEnErative aDversarial netwOrk-assisted resource scheduling algorithM (FREEDOM). Firstly, we integrate a differential privacy mechanism with the energy management model training process and the related system model. Then, a joint resource scheduling optimization problem is constructed, the goal of which is to minimize the weighted sum of the global loss function, total energy consumption, and differential privacy cost under the long-term differential privacy constraint. The original problem is converted based on virtual queue theory and addressed by the FREEDOM. FREEDOM leverages a deep Q-learning network (DQN) to learn the resource scheduling strategy via differential privacy awareness. It improves optimization and convergence performances with the assistance of generative adversarial network (GAN). Simulation results show that FREEDOM can achieve excellent performances of global loss function, total energy consumption, differential privacy cost, and privacy preservation.
D ame S irith

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Considered one of the earliest examples of the fabliau genre in English, Dame Sirith (c. 1272–83) is a 450‐line poem written in the West Midlands dialect of Middle English. The poem's plot reflects the bawdy tone and sexual subject matter characteristic of medieval fabliaux: a young wife is tricked into committing adultery with a cleric by the titular character. As a result, approaches to the text often attend to the poem's satirization of the conventions of religion and marriage, noting its carnivalesque qualities and drawing upon theories of gender and sexuality, disability studies, and/or posthumanism in their examinations of the text's female characters, its representation of female sexuality, and/or its depiction of disability. In addition to thematic readings of the text, scholars have been interested in the text's possible status as the first Middle English fabliau.
Heritability of P. falciparum and P. vivax Malaria in a Karen Population in Thailand

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The majority of studies concerning malaria host genetics have focused on individual genes that confer protection against rather than susceptibility to malaria. Establishing the relative impact of genetic versus non-genetic factors on malaria infection and disease is essential to focus effort on key determinant factors. This relative contribution has rarely been evaluated for Plasmodium falciparum and almost never for Plasmodium vivax. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study in a Karen population of 3,484 individuals in a region of mesoendemic malaria, Thailand from 1998 to 2005. The number of P. falciparum and P. vivax clinical cases and the parasite density per person were determined. Statistical analyses were performed to account for the influence of environmental factors and the genetic heritability of the phenotypes was calculated using the pedigree-based variance components model. The genetic contribution to the number of clinical episodes resulting from P. falciparum and P. vivax were 10% and 19% respectively. There was also moderate genetic contribution to the maximum and overall parasite trophozoite density phenotypes for both P. falciparum (16%&16%) and P. vivax (15%&13%). These values, for P. falciparum, were similar to those previously observed in a region of much higher transmission intensity in Senegal, West Africa. Although environmental factors play an important role in acquiring an infection, genetics plays a determinant role in the outcome of an infection with either malaria parasite species prior to the development of immunity.
European Proficiency Testing Program for Molecular Detection and Quantitation of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT External quality control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA detection remains an important issue. This study reports and compares the results obtained from two different proficiency panels for both the qualitative and quantitative assessment of HBV DNA. The panels were designed by the European Union Quality Control Concerted Action, prepared by Boston Biomedica, Inc., and distributed in May 1999 (panel 1) and February 2000 (panel 2). Each contained two negative samples and six positive samples with 10 3 to 10 7 copies/ml (panel 1) or 10 3 to 2 × 10 6 copies of HBV DNA per ml (panel 2). For panel 1, 42 laboratories submitted 20 qualitative (all in-house PCRs) and 37 quantitative (87% commercial assays) data sets. For panel 2, 51 laboratories submitted 25 qualitative (all in-house PCRs) and 47 quantitative (94% commercial assays) data sets. Five data sets (8.8%) in panel 1 and two data sets (2.8%) in panel 2 contained totals of six and two false-positives, respectively, corresponding to false-positive result rates of 5.3% for panel 1 and 1.4% for panel 2. The false-negative result rates of 10.5% for panel 1 and 17.4% for panel 2 were dependent on the detection levels of the assays employed as well as panel composition. In the qualitative analysis of all data sets, 47.4% (panel 1) and 51.4% (panel 2) had all samples correct. An adequate or better score (all correct or only the weak-positive sample missed) was obtained with 77.2% of the panel 1 samples and 68.1% of the panel 2 samples. In the quantitative analysis, 57.1% (panel 1) and 42.6% (panel 2) of the data sets achieved an adequate or better score (positive results within the acceptable range of the geometric mean ± 0.5 log 10 of all positive results). These results demonstrate that while the qualitative performance of HBV detection has considerably improved compared to that of a previously published HBV proficiency study, the detection levels of many commercial quantitative assays are still too high to allow adequate quantitation of all relevant clinical samples.
Tests for Linearity in Star Models: Supwald and Lm‐Type Tests

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This article investigates approximation and supremum approaches for testing linearity in smooth transition autoregressive (STAR) models. We show that since the approximation of STAR models by Taylor series expansions may not accurately describe the specific transition dynamic when the process is away from the null, LM‐type tests may fail to detect the form of nonlinearity for which they are designed for. Investigating a supremum approach, the article provides the asymptotic distribution of a SupWald test that is obtained by taking the supremum of a Wald statistic over the Cartesian product of the spaces for the transition and threshold parameters. Simulated asymptotic critical values for the resulting tests are provided for a wide range of autoregressive orders and shown to differ across exponential and logistic STAR (ESTAR and LSTAR) models. Monte Carlo experiments show that SupWald tests for ESTAR and LSTAR models outperform LM‐type tests, compares well relative to the recently developed score‐based tests and each SupWald statistic performs the best against the true alternative for which it is formed. SupWald tests also provide results that are consistent with the findings from (independently) estimating and diagnostic testing of STAR models in real exchange rate data.