jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Materials Data on Sb2XeF15 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

XeF4Sb2F11 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four Sb2F11 clusters and four XeF4 clusters. In each Sb2F11 cluster, Sb is bonded to six F atoms to form corner-sharing SbF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of Sb–F bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.08 Å. There are six inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Sb atoms. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the third F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the fourth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the fifth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In the sixth F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom. In each XeF4 cluster, Xe is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four F atoms. There are two shorter (2.00 Å) and two longer (2.02 Å) Xe–F bond lengths. There are two inequivalent F sites. In the first F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Xe atom. In the second F site, F is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Xe atom.
A Modern Control Theory Enhancement to an Interactive Control Engineering Computer Analysis Package (ICECAP).

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis reports on a continued development of an Interactive Control Engineering Computer Analysis Package (ICECAP). This package applies to discrete and continuous systems. The effort developed and implemented functional requirements involved in modern control theory. This includes implementing matrix operations, a continuous time steady state Riccati solver, polynomial operations, a C(SI - A) B function, and a state variable feedback design function. Major emphasis is placed on the development of the Riccati solver. The approach employed is the eigen number approach. It provides all solutions which is not the case for other methods contained in the current literature. Additionally, a user friendly interface is also developed which permits interactive communication, user assistance and error analysis. Furthermore, the use of keyword/command word interactive technique is also employed. Lastly, and more importantly, the implementation of a state variable feedback design function allows the user to easily apply a pole placement state variable feedback design technique. Additional keywords: ICECAP computer program; VAX 11/780 minicomputer; algorithms; user manuals; computer program documentations; and implementation.
The Current State of Pertussis and Pertussis Vaccines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

More than 180 participants from 51 countries convened in September 1988 in Copenhagen, Denmark, to review the current status of pertussis and pertussis vaccines. The conference was hosted by Tokai University of Japan, which operates an educational center in Denmark. Professor Mikio Kimura, in concert with Asst Prof Harumi Kuno Sakai, President Tatsuro Matusmae, and Dean Shogo Sasaki, all from Tokai University, together with Charles Manclark, chief of the Laboratory for Pertussis, Food and Drug Administration, James Cherry, professor of pediatrics at UCLA, and Edward Mortimer, professor of epidemiology and biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, constituted the program committee for this Fifth International Symposium on Pertussis. The conference heard a variety of speakers detail the current status of pertussis in the developed and developing world. In some parts of the world, one child under 5 years of age dies of pertussis every 52 seconds! In contrast, effective immunization
Municipal Administration and the Sports Franchise Relocation Issue

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

educational scale than at higher levels. Differences in technical skills are probably greater between individuals with one or two years of schooling beyond high school and those with a high school diploma only, than they are between individuals with five or more years of college as opposed to only four years of college. 25. Regression coefficients are given in the appendix. 26. Details on scoring procedures for all the variables in this appendix are reported in Bhakdi, op. cit., appendices B, C, and E. 27. Measurement errors (U2) on individual level variables are given in Suchitra P. Bhakdi, op. cit., appendix D. The error for the mean is simply a2/n. 28. Cf., Karl G. Joreskog, A General Method for Analysis of Covariance Structures, Biometrika 57 (1970), pp. 239-251, and Bhakdi, op. cit., appendices B and C. Appendix C discusses the validity and reliability of the scales.
A new web-based tool to form a concise differential diagnosis of findings in musculoskeletal radiology - an update

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Poster: ESSR 2013 / P-0019 / A new web-based tool to form a concise differential diagnosis of findings in musculoskeletal radiology - an update by: R. Talanow1, P. D. Afonso2, V. Mascarenhas3; 1Lincoln, CA/US, 2Lisboa/PT, 3Lisbon/PT
Table_1_Evidence for the Effect of Vaccination on Host-Pathogen Interactions in a Murine Model of Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.DOCX

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p>The global control of Tuberculosis remains elusive, and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) -the most widely used vaccine in history—has proven insufficient for reversing this epidemic. Several authors have suggested that the mass presence of vaccinated hosts might have affected the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) population structure, and this could in turn be reflected in a prevalence of strains with higher ability to circumvent BCG-induced immunity, such as the recent Beijing genotype. The effect of vaccination on vaccine-escape variants has been well-documented in several bacterial pathogens; however the effect of the interaction between MTB strains and vaccinated hosts has never been previously described. In this study we show for the first time the interaction between MTB Beijing-genotype strains and BCG-vaccinated hosts. Using a well-controlled murine model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis, we vaccinated BALB/c mice with two different sub-strains of BCG (BCG-Phipps and BCG-Vietnam). Following vaccination, the mice were infected with either one of three selected MTB strains. Strains were selected based on lineage, and included two Beijing-family clinical isolates (strains 46 and 48) and a well-characterized laboratory strain (H37Rv). Two months after infection, mice were euthanized and the bacteria extracted from their lungs. We characterized the genomic composite of the bacteria before and after exposure to vaccinated hosts, and also characterized the local response to the bacteria by sequencing the lung transcriptome in animals during the infection. Results from this study show that the interaction within the lungs of the vaccinated hosts results in the selection of higher-virulence bacteria, specifically for the Beijing genotype strains 46 and 48. After exposure to the BCG-induced immune response, strains 46 and 48 acquire genomic mutations associated with several virulence factors. As a result, the bacteria collected from these vaccinated hosts have an increased ability for immune evasion, as shown in both the host transcriptome and the histopathology studies, and replicates far more efficiently compared to bacteria collected from unvaccinated hosts or to the original-stock strain. Further research is warranted to ascertain the pathways associated with the genomic alterations. However, our results highlight novel host-pathogen interactions induced by exposure of MTB to BCG vaccinated hosts.</p>
Studying Molecular Rearrangement of P1 Dye at a Passivating Alumina Surface Using Vibrational Sum‐Frequency Generation Spectroscopy: Effect of Atomic‐Level Roughness

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The effect of roughness and thickness of alumina layers, mimicking the passivation layer commonly used in dye‐sensitized photoelectrodes, on the molecular adsorption of P1 dye, 4‐(bi(4‐(2,2‐dicyano‐vinyl)‐thiophene‐2‐yl]‐phenyl]‐aminobenzoic acid) has been studied using surface‐sensitive vibrational sum frequency generation(VSFG) spectroscopy. The VSFG spectra reveal the formation of poorly ordered dye layers on relatively rough surfaces where XPS measures a higher dye loading. Furthermore, these poorly ordered dye molecules are responsible for the generation of trapped electronic states as probed by successive photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Surface sensitive VSFG spectroscopy in combination with XPS and PL measurements provide complementary spectral information on ordering of the adsorbed dyes, their density on the surface and electronic states of the adsorbed monolayer which are prerequisite for improving our understanding of molecularly functionalized photoelectrodes and their further development.
Differential expression of lysine demethylase 4B (KDM4B) in cancers of the breast.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with early-onset breast cancer. We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding lysine demethylase 4B, KDM4B, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast: in women aged 45 and younger, and women aged 70 and higher. KDM4B mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of KDM4B in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal and luminal A subtype breast cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by PAM50 molecular subtype. KDM4B may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Levels and trends in child mortality : report 2013

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Millennium Development Goal- four (MDG- 4) calls for reducing the under-five mortality rate by two thirds between 1990 and 2015. In 2012 the governments of Ethiopia, India, and the United States, in close collaboration with United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), convened the child survival call to action forum to mobilize political leadership to end preventable child deaths. This report presents the United Nations Inter-agency Group for child Mortality Estimation's (UNIGME's) latest estimates of under-five, infant and neonatal mortality, and assesses progress towards MDG- 4 at the country, regional, and global levels. This report presents following topics: estimating child mortality; and levels and trends in child mortality, 1990 to 2012.
New Cremation Regulations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

28%) fibrillation was not noted at all, and in none were generalized movements seen, such as occur when full doses of suxamethonium are injected.Duration of Relaxation (min.)No. of Patients Under 5 so S-8 31 8-12 4 12-14 1Theoretically, the use of an anticholinesterase combined with suxamethonium might presage difficulties, but these have not been reported in practice.Others have recorded side-effects of tetrahydroaminacrine.' In my series, bradycardia has been noted in three cases, and salivation is sometimes marked, but is not significant when oral suction is in use.Both respond to intravenous atropine.In spite of these possible drawbacks and the limited number of cases, the low incidence of muscle-pain sequelae justify the extension and further investigation of this technique, which seems to spare the patient from a dis- tressing consequence of what is a relatively minor procedure.A small additional factor is economy.One ampoule of each drug suffices for three or four cases.I wish to thank my dental colleagues, Mr.
Priority topics for the development of risk assessment guidance by EFSA’s Scientiﬁc Committee in 2016–2018

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

EFSA asked its Scientific Committee to review its own cross-cutting guidance for scientific assessments in order to identify gaps requiring either new or the revision of existing guidance. Through strategic discussions, the Scientific Committee identified topics to be included in its 2016–2018 work programme without ranking their priority. Three topics were identified for activity leading to the development of new guidance: individual susceptibility and uncertainty factors; interpretation of epidemiological studies; history of use. These will be further discussed and introduced into the rolling work programme as time and resources become available. Work is already underway in three areas which will lead to new or revised cross-cutting guidance: chemical mixtures; follow up on the Threshold of Toxicological Concern approach; nanotechnologies. The Scientific Committee will continue to keep priorities for cross-cutting guidance across EFSA's fields of responsibility under review.
Highly Sensitive Detection in High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Fluorogenic reagents for amines and thiols which are of value for their determination in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are reviewed. Special attention was made on the development and application of 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole (NBD-F) and ammonium 7-fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole-4-sulfonate (SBD-F) which are respective reagents for amines and thiols. Finally, usage of a chemiluminescence reaction (TCPO-H2O2-fluorescent compounds) for the detection of fluorescent compounds separated by HPLC column was proposed. The proposed method allowed us to detect 2 fmol of dansylated amino acids.
Supplemental Material, DS1_VET_10.1177_0300985819868731 - Pathologic Features of the Intervertebral Disc in Young Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers Confirms Chondrodystrophy Degenerative Phenotype Associated With Genotype

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Supplemental Material, DS1_VET_10.1177_0300985819868731 for Pathologic Features of the Intervertebral Disc in Young Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers Confirms Chondrodystrophy Degenerative Phenotype Associated With Genotype by Brian G. Murphy, Peter Dickinson, Denis J. Marcellin-Little, Kevin Batcher, Stephen Raverty and Danika Bannasch in Veterinary Pathology
Assessing Interdisciplinary Engineering Capstone Project

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Assessing Interdisciplinary Engineering Capstone Project Abstract In industry, engineers from different disciplines and levels of expertise work together on projects. To prepare students for industry, professors from Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (IME), and Mechanical Engineering (ME) departments at Kettering University have combined their capstone classes to work on a common project. Students are divided into teams composed of students from each of the ECE, IME, and ME departments. Every team works on their version of a project known as RoboBug. The team is responsible for the design, development, and manufacturing of a working robot in the shape of a bug capable of performing specified tasks. Students are given requirements for functionality and limitations such as weight, cost, and timeline for various activities of their work. At the end of the term, each team is required to submit a final report and give a final presentation. Their presentation is assessed by faculty and invited guests on knowledge gained, coordination, team participation, and leadership skills. Weekly and final evaluations by faculty, invited guests, and students are statistically analyzed to measure the effectiveness of this interdisciplinary engineering capstone project. This paper will discuss the assessment process and the results of these evaluations. In addition, the comments and observations made by the participants, along with the difficulties and successes will be presented. Introduction In an expanded effort towards engineering integration, it is imperative to integrate courses at many levels of education1. To simulate an industrial setting and to prepare students for interdisciplinary careers, students from the various degree capstone classes are assigned to work together on a common project to develop a new product – RoboBug – for the Freshman Interdisciplinary Design and Manufacturing course, IME-100. IME-100 is an introductory course which exposes first year students to the activities and professional characteristics of each of the engineering disciplines offered at Kettering University. Via IME-100 freshmen are introduced to electromechanical principles through studying the mechanics and electronic control of these components. They discuss the nature of the product, the design principles and constraints used, the material selection, and the manufacturing processes. The IME-100 course includes IME laboratories where freshman students learn to perform basic manufacturing processes. These processes provide them the skills necessary to manufacture a RoboBug. The IME-100 course also has an ECE laboratory component where freshmen students build a circuit to be placed on a small robot. The robot is then used in the course to demonstrate system integration and simple programming in an effort to coordinate a walking motion.
[The excretion of hippuric acid and ascorbic acid in the urine of liver-damaged rats (author's transl].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The authors investigated the effects of the administration of thioacetamide, carbon tetrachloride and aminophenazone on the excretion of ascorbic acid and hippuric acid in adult male and female Wistar rats. After a single application of thioacetamide and aminophenazone, the ascorbic acid content in the urine showed a dose-dependent increase, whereas that in the liver had decreased. This increase in the urinary ascorbic acid might be due to a release of stored ascorbic acid from the liver cells. When thioacetamide was given for a prolonged period, the ascorbic acid content in the urine increased at the beginning; later one, at the end of three weeks, it was slightly inferior to the control value. Both single and repeated applications of thioacetamide led to a decrease in the excretion of hippuric acid in the urine, which is attributed to an impairment of the mitochondrial hippuric acid synthesis. Long-term treatment with aminophenazone resulted in an increase of ascorbic acid in the urine, which is indicative of an induction effect, whereas the ascorbic acid content in the liver remained unchanged. There was no effect on the excretion of hippuric acid. In regard to their use in the toxicological evaluation of drugs, these two metabolic effects offer no decisive advantage over current liver function tests.
Popular Culture

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract “Popular culture” relates to markets. Neoclassical economics assumes that expressions of the desire and capacity to pay for services stimulate the provision of entertainment and hence – when the result is publicly accepted – determine what is “popular.” Value is decided through competition between providers to obtain the favor of consumers, with the conflictual rationality of the parties producing value to society. The connection of market entertainment to new identities leads to a variety of sociological reactions. During the Industrial Revolution, anxieties about a suddenly urbanized and educated population saw theorists from both right and left argued that newly literate publics would be vulnerable to manipulation by demagogues. The subsequent emergence of public schooling in the west took as its project empowering, and hence disciplining, the working class. This notion of the suddenly enfranchised being bamboozled by the unscrupulously fluent has recurred throughout the modern period. It inevitably leads to a primary emphasis on the number and conduct of audiences to popular culture: where they came from, how many there were, and what they did as a consequence of being present.
Amanita mansehraensis, a new species in section Vaginatae from Pakistan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new species of Amanita subgenus Amanita sect. Vaginatae is described and illustrated based on material collected in pine forests in district Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtoonkhaw, Pakistan. Amanita mansehraensis is recognized by the presence of a light brown or light greyish olive pileus with strong brown or deep brown pileus center; non-appendiculate, rimose, sulcate or plicate striate pileus margin; subglobose to ellipsoid basidiospores; and a saccate volva. The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU) were used for the delimitation of this species based on sequence data. The evolutionary relationships of A. mansehraensis with other species of Amanita were inferred by means of Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inferences of the nrLSU dataset and concatenated ITS+nrLSU dataset. Amanita mansehraensis is most closely related to A. brunneofuliginea, A. pseudovaginata, and the recently described A. glarea.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)‐Arylalkanols by Microbial Reduction.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Polymorphisms in CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatitis (ATD- induced hepatitis) has been linked to polymorphisms in genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes. N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and glutathione S-transferase (loci GSTM1 and GSTT1) are involved in the metabolism of isoniazid, the most toxic drug for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). This study was designed to determine the frequency and to evaluate whether polymorphisms at CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes are associated with drug response, as well as to identify clinical risk factors for ATD-induced hepatitis. A total of 245 Brazilian patients undergoing treatment for TB were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing methods. The frequencies of the CYP2E1 polymorphic alleles RsaI, PstI and DraI are 8%, 8.5% and 12%, respectively. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes are deleted in 42.9% and 12.4% of the population, respectively. Fifteen patients (6.1%) developed hepatotoxicity. Clinical (HIV, female sex and extrapulmonary TB) and genetic characteristics (CYP2E1 without any mutations, having NAT2 slow acetylator profile) are at higher risk of developing ATD-induced hepatitis in this population. Genotyping for GSTM1 and GSTT1 showed no influence on drug response.