jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On Tracking the Physicality of Wi-Fi: A Subspace Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wi-Fi channel state information (CSI) has emerged as a plausible modality for sensing different human activities as a function of modulations in the wireless signal that travels between wireless devices. Until now, most research has taken a statistical approach and/or purpose-built inference pipeline. Although interesting, these approaches struggle to sustain sensing performances beyond experimental conditions. As such, the full potential of CSI as a general-purpose sensing modality is yet to be realized. We argue that a universal approach with the well-grounded formalization is necessary to characterize the relationship between the wireless channel modulations (spatial and temporal) and human movement. To this end, we present a formalism for quantifying the changing part of the wireless signal modulated by human motion. Grounded in this formalization, we then present a new subspace tracking technique to describe the channel statistics in an interpretable way, which succinctly contains the human modulated part of the channel. We characterize the signal and noise subspaces for the case of uncontrolled human movement and show that these subspaces are dynamic. Our results demonstrate that the proposed channel statistics alone can robustly reproduce the state-of-the-art application-specific feature engineering baseline, however, across multiple usage scenarios. We expect that our universal channel statistics will yield an effective general-purpose featurization of wireless channel measurements and will uncover opportunities for applying CSI for a variety of human sensing applications in a robust way.
IL-17C/IL-17RE Augments T Cell Function in Autoimmune Hepatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Autoimmune hepatitis is a worldwide health problem and significant cause of mortality. However, the disease etiology is largely unknown, which accounts for ineffective treatment and uncontrolled disease progression. In this study, we demonstrated the functional importance of the IL-17C/IL-17RE axis in Con A–induced hepatitis. Elevated IL-17C expression was detected in liver samples of both human and mouse autoimmune hepatitis. IL-17C, produced by hepatocytes, and its specific receptor IL-17RE on liver-resident T cells were both found to be required in Con A–induced liver damage. Mechanistically, IL-17C augmented the expression of IL-2 by intrahepatic CD4+ T cells to promote NK cell activation and liver damage. To our knowledge, our findings thus for the first time defined the indispensable role of IL-17C/IL-17RE in autoimmune hepatitis; this axis may serve as a novel drug target for the treatment of this disease.
Performance evaluation and tuning of BioPig for genomic analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we aim to optimize Hadoop parameters to improve the performance of BioPig on Amazon Web Service (AWS). BioPig is a toolkit for large-scale sequencing data analysis and is built on Hadoop and Pig that enables easy parallel programming and scaling to datasets of terabyte sizes. AWS is the most popular cloud-computing platform offered by Amazon. When running BioPig jobs on AWS, the default configuration parameters may lead to high computational costs. We select the k-mer counting as it is used in a large number of next generation sequence (NGS) data analysis tools. We tuned Hadoop parameters from five different perspectives based on a baseline configuration. We found tuning different Hadoop parameters led to various performance improvements. The overall job execution time of k-mer counting on BioPig was reduced by 50% using an optimized set of parameters. This paper documents our tuning experiments as a valuable reference for future Hadoop-based analytics applications on genomics datasets.
3D\nPorous Polymeric-Foam-Supported Pd Nanocrystal\nas a Highly Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Organic Transformations

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The efficient recovery of noble metal\nnanocrystals used in heterogeneous\norganic transformations has remained a significant challenge, hindering\ntheir use in industry. Herein, highly catalytic Pd nanoparticles (NPs)\nwere first prepared having a yield of >98% by a novel hydrothermal\nmethod using PVP as the reducing cum stabilizing agent that exhibited\nexcellent turnover frequencies of ∼38,000 h<sup>–1</sup> for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling and ∼1200 h<sup>–1</sup> for catalytic reduction of nitroarene compounds in\na benign aqueous reaction medium. The Pd NPs were more efficient for\ncross-coupling of aryl compounds with electron-donating substituents\nthan with electron-donating ones. Further, to improve their recyclability,\na strategy was developed to embed these Pd NPs on mechanically robust\npolyurethane foam (PUF) for the first time and a “dip-catalyst”\n(Pd-PUF) containing 3D interconnected 100–500 μm pores\nwas constructed. The PUF was chosen as the support with an expectation\nto reduce the fabrication cost of the “dip-catalyst”\nas the production of PUF is already commercialized. Pd-PUF could be\neasily separated from the reaction aliquot and reused without any\nloss of activity because the leaching of Pd NPs was found to be negligible\nin the various reaction mixtures. We show that the Pd-PUF could be\nreused for over 50 catalytic cycles maintaining a similar activity.\nWe further demonstrate a scale-up reaction with a single-reaction\n1.5 g yield for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.
Effect of heat treatment and milling on the seed, flour, rheology and baking quality of some amaranth ecotypes.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Forty-five harvests corresponding to the two predominating domestic species of amaranth in Mexico were studied. The proximate analysis revealed some statistically significant differences throughout three years of observation. The Ca, P and Fe content did not vary greatly in 15 samples. No chemical differences were either manifested in the Mercado and Aztec types of A. hypochondriacus, nor in the Mexican type of A. cruentus. The latter exhibits a higher grain yield and a shorter life cycle; however, its baking quality is apparently inferior to that of the Mercado type of A. hypochondriacus. The heat treatment of the seeds (toasting, popping and cooking) affected protein and lysine contents as does in cereals and leguminous seeds although toasting in particular improves its sensory characteristics without altering digestibility and PER. Popping only improves PER. Heating at 90 or 170 degrees C for three to five minutes, at the usual seed's moisture rate of 6 to 15%, does not affect protein content and does so only slightly in the case of the fatty acids content. Amylographic and farinographic values of the starchy fractions indicate similarities to C. quinoa and differences with respect to wheat. In the case of "amaranth milk", viscosity and gelatinization temperature produced satisfactory values. The extension of amaranth cultivation in the country is hereby suggested in view of the seed's nutritional quality, and considering the behavior of whole amaranth flour and its fractions.
Magnetization of the Cambrian Lamotte Formation in Missouri

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Upper Cambrian Lamotte formation of South-eastern Missouri in Central United States is a white sandstone which, though very weakly magnetized, is amenable to investigation by standard palaeomagnetic techniques. Out of the total of 150 oriented cores, 134 specimens were found to possess measurable intensities of the order of 1 × 10−6 emu cm−3. Though thermal cleaning does not produce reliable results, magnetic cleaning yields three groupings of significant directions of magnetization, two of which are associated with the lower coarse grained part of the formation and one with its fine grained upper layers. The first two are believed to be associated with secondary magnetization, one representing the direction of the Carboniferous geomagnetic field. The third group subdivides into two subgroups based on sampling of a columnar section near the top of the formation and is associated with the original magnetization of depositional origin. The palaeomagnetic poles of these two subgroups are situated at 160° W, 38° S and 155° E, 11.5° S respectively and are thought to represent two distinct phases of Upper Cambrian geomagnetic field. Mineralogical studies and investigations of the magnetic properties of the sandstone show that the magnetic minerals carrying the magnetization are members of the ilmenite-haematite series of the same average grain size (∼15μ) in both types of rock. The magnetization of the coarse grained part is mainly of chemical origin and is carried predominantly by an homogeneous ilmenite-haematite solid solution, while that of the fine grained part is associated with specular haematite and titanohaematite containing ilmenite lamellae. Both types of sandstone, but especially the coarse grained type, contain titanohaematite with microintergrowths, as well as finely divided haematite in a demagnetized state. Heat treatment of the fine grained sandstone for 6 hr at 735 °C changes its magnetic behaviour to that of the coarse grained type. The results suggest also that the stable part of remanence in natural haematite is that of the lattice defect moment with a ferrimagnetic Curie point at 725 °C. Comparison of the Upper Cambrian and Carboniferous Lamotte palaeomagnetic poles with the corresponding poles for European rocks suggests that North America and Europe have been drifting apart since Upper Palaeozoic. The results indicate that despite Post-Cambrian re-magnetization of the Lamotte sandstone a considerable part of the formation has retained its original Cambrian magnetization.
Clinical Performance of the Discovery NM530c in Japanese Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Discovery NM530 is a new generation of SPECT cameras equipped with semiconductor cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) detector technology. It provides a shorter scan time and reduces the patient’s radiation exposure wthout loss of image quality compared with the conventional Anger camera. Combined supine and prone imaging with the Discovery NM530c is usefulfor reducing the false-positive rate in the infero-posterior or infero-lateral segment associated with supine imaging. As studied by multicenter registry, 74% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and 81% accuracy for left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis, 76% sensitivity, 89% specificity, and 85% accuracy for left circumflex coronary artery stenosis, and 72% sensitivity, 86% specificity, and 82% accuracy for right coronary artery stenosis were observed in detecting an angiographic diameter narrowing of ≥75% on visual estimation. Using a low-dose technetium-99m (185/370 MBq) 1-day protocol with an effective dose of ≤5 mSv, CZT SPECT demonstrated an acceptable diagnostic yield in detecting a significant coronary stenosis as assessed by fractional flow reserve (FFR). As for limiting to 92 coronary lesions in which FFR was measured, stress SPECT showed 77% sensitivity, 91% specificity, and 84% accuracy, whereas the diagnostic value decreased to 52% sensitivity, 68% specificity, and 58% accuracy based only on visual estimation of ≥75% diameter narrowing. In addition, the quantification of myocardial perfusion reserve derived by dynamic SPECT imaging using the Discovery NM530c may help identify balanced ischemia in patients with left main or 3-vessel disease.
Form Convex Hull to Concavity: Surface Contraction Around a Point Set

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates the transformation of a convex hull, derived from a d-dimensional point cloud, into a concave surface. Our primary focus is on the development of a methodology that ensures all points in the point cloud are encapsulated within a closed, non-intersecting concave surface. The study begins with the initial convex hull and employs an iterative process of facet replacement and expansion to evolve the surface into Scc, which accurately conforms to the complex geometry of the point cloud.
Modeling and analysis of adipocytes dynamic with a differentiation process

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We propose in this article a model describing the dynamic of a system of adipocytes, structured by their sizes. This model takes into account the differentiation of a population of mesenchymal cells into preadipocytes and of preadipocytes into adipocytes; the differentiation rates depend on the mean adipocyte radius. The considered equations are therefore ordinary differential equations, coupled with an advection equation, the growth rate of which depends on food availability and on the total surface of adipocytes. Since this velocity is discontinuous, we need to introduce a convenient notion of solutions coming from Filippov theory. We are consequently able to determine the stationary solutions of the system, to prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions and to describe the asymptotic behavior of solutions in some simple cases. Finally, the parameters of the model are ﬁtted thanks to some experimental data and numerical simulations are displayed; a spatial extension of the model is studied numerically.
Spatial Data in Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter presents the type of data used in epidemiology and health geography. It also presents in particular the specificities associated with health data localization. Environmental data and demographic data are essential for most studies concerning risk. The interpretation of satellite images or aerial photography is also an important source of data. Individual data can be spatialized with coordinates, or with addresses, or by reference to a geographical division. This spatialization may be accurate, but there will often be ambiguity between the localization of the individual and the location of the health event that concerns it or is the object of study. Epidemiological data can be collected from: healthcare systems, and surveys and representative population samples. The development of Big Data and its consequences for medical records will very likely impact the overview of health data.
On Eigenvalues of the Generator of a -Semigroup Appearing in Queueing Theory

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We describe the point spectrum of the generator of a -semigroup associated with the M/M/1 queueing model that is governed by an infinite system of partial differential equations with integral boundary conditions. Our results imply that the essential growth bound of the -semigroup is 0 and, therefore, that the semigroup is not quasi-compact. Moreover, our result also shows that it is impossible that the time-dependent solution of the M/M/1 queueing model exponentially converges to its steady-state solution.
Cardiac Syncope From Fluid Extravasation From Subclavian Vein Catheter

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.—

Sepsis1,2and a variety of thromboembolic complications3-5have been reported with the use of indwelling venous polyethylene catheters. The following case demonstrates an additional problem encountered during clysis and central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring through a long catheter with the tip located in the subclavian vein.

Report of a Case.—

A 40-year-old Vietnamese woman was admitted to the Navy Hospital Ship USS Repose with a large anterior mediastinal mass and venous distention of the head, neck, and upper extremities. Biopsy was diagnostic for reticulum cell sarcoma with invasion of the anterior chest wall. Because of her critical condition, a long central venous pressure catheter was introduced into the right subclavian vein from the antecubital fossa. Forty-eight hours later, while a rapid infusion of 500 ml of physiological saline was being administered for oliguria thought to be on a prerenal basis, the patient suddenly became diaphoretic
Assessing the Reliability of Statistical Software: Part I

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Entry-level tests of the accuracy of statistical software, such as Wilkinson's Statistics Quiz, have long been available, but more advanced collections of tests have not. This article proposes a set of intermediate-level tests focusing on three areas: estimation, both linear and nonlinear; random number generation; and statistical distributions (e.g., for calculating p-values). The complete methodology is described in detail. Convenient methods for summarizing the results are presented, so that an assessment of numerical accuracy can easily be incorporated into a software review.
Eclipse Dragons, Seasonal Change, and the Salvation of Light: A Case of Overlapping Cosmologies in Manichaeism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The belief that celestial dragons are the cause of eclipses was widespread in antiquity and the Middle Ages. In the astral sciences of premodern Eurasia these evil beings were often identified with the astronomically computable lunar nodes, allowing for the prediction of eclipses and the astrological interpretation of their effects. After an introductory section which offers a brief historical and methodological survey on this subject, the main part of the chapter discusses the reception of the eclipse-dragon theory in early Iranian and Coptic Manichaeism. As a close reading of the Middle Persian Šābuhragān and other related sources indicates, Mani's understanding of eclipses resulted from the intentional overlap of two different views on eclipses, both of which were useful in addressing key issues in the Manichaean system: the divinity of the two luminaries and the effects of eclipses and other phenomena on the seasonal cycle and on plant life in particular. This concern can only be explained within the framework of Manichaean soteriology, according to which the divine light-elements that mixed with darkness at the beginning of creation are imprisoned in matter and have to be redeemed through a cosmic purification process. The last section analyzes the Coptic Kephalaia and explores how the Manichaean communities in Late Roman Egypt adapted Mani's ideas as a result of their encounter with Ptolemaic astrology.
Assessing Students’ Knowledge in Civic Participation in the Public Senior High Schools in the Ga-South Municipality: Implications for Curriculum Implementation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Students' knowledge of civic participation is a critical tool for ensuring effective participation in civic activities. In Ghana, major subjects such as citizenship education and social studies are taught in schools to provide students with the requisite knowledge to enhance their participation in civic activities, thus ensuring effective implementation of the curriculum. This paper assesses students' knowledge in various ways of civic participation and factors that account for their participation in civic activities. A descriptive survey was employed for the study. Using simple random sampling, 282 respondents were selected for the questionnaire survey. Frequencies and percentages organized in tables were statistical tools for analysis. The study indicated that the students had knowledge in registering to vote, voting, engaging in school and community clean-up exercises and taking part in decision-making processes in school and community as ways of participating in civic activities. In addition, factors such as level of education, resources and time available and the need to participate in civic activities were underscored. This shows an impactful effect on curriculum implementation. However, students leave their school compound and classrooms dirty. School authorities, teachers, parents and community leaders are encouraged to provide the needed supervision, time and other resources to boost students' participation in civic activities.
Electroencephalographic responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In this Thesis, consisting of five original publications (Publ. I–V) and a summary, the feasibility of the combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) for the study of cortical reactivity and connectivity has been explored in humans. To stimulate the cerebral cortex through electromagnetic induction, a coil of wire was placed above the person’s head and short, intensive current pulses were driven through the coil. Different sites within the sensorimotor and prefrontal cortices were stimulated with various pulse intensities while measuring changes in electric potential with 60 electrodes on the scalp. In some of the experiments, the coil was navigated over the desired cortical area based on individual magnetic resonance images of the head. The reactivity of the stimulated cortical sites was evaluated based on the EEG. A theoretical model for the intensity dependence of the brain response was proposed. The intraand interhemispheric connectivities of the stimulated areas were assessed using minimum-norm current-density estimates (MNE) derived from the EEG. The spatial accuracy of the MNE was assessed by applying it to the estimation of relatively well-known cortical current distributions, i.e., those elicited by electrical stimulation of the median and ulnar nerves. In addition, simulated potential fields of current dipoles were used to address the effect of measurement noise and source depth on the MNE localization accuracy. This Thesis shows that the combination of TMS and high-resolution EEG allows the study of interhemispheric connections with high spatiotemporal specificity and enables the assessment of cortical reactivity, also within non-motor cortical areas, with excellent sensitivity. The localization accuracy of the MNE is shown to be comparable with that of equivalent dipole fitting, and, thus, sufficient for tracing the spread of TMS-evoked activity.
Effect of Maxillary Expansion on Sleep Quality

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background \nObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition characterized by 20-40 second episodes of breathing cessation during sleep. The hard palate serves as both the roof of the oral cavity and the floor of the nasal cavity. Constriction of the palate can have profound effects on the passage of oxygen into the lungs. Polysomnography is the gold standard test for detection of the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Recently, a home sleep testing device known as the WatchPAT has been implemented as an adjunctive test. This randomized controlled crossover trial will investigate the role of maxillary expansion in children at risk for OSA using the WatchPAT as the diagnostic tool. \n \nMethods \nTwelve patients aged 12-16 without any medical syndromes were randomly assigned to either treatment or observation group. Pre-treatment (T1) records were taken on all patients. Treatment group was fitted with bonded type, rapid maxillary expanders and treated for three months according to an expansion protocol utilized by the private practice of GKG Orthodontics. A second WatchPAT study was performed at the completion of the three month period (T2). The treatment group was followed an additional three months without further expansion and a final T3 WatchPAT study was performed. The control group had a T1 WatchPAT study followed by three months of observation without expansion. A T2 study was performed at the end waiting period and then an expander was placed. The methodology then mirrored that of the treatment group. \n \nResults \nPre treatment AHI was found to be 2.47 episodes per hour for the treatment group. Post-treatment AHI was found to be 2.10 episodes per hour. Pre-treatment snoring frequency was measured at 2.57 percent of the night before expansion therapy and 1.60 percent after treatment. \n \nConclusions \nAHI and snoring as measured by WatchPAT, decreased following expansion. Initial analysis of this pilot study shows a positive effect of rapid maxillary expansion on sleep quality as measured by AHI and other parameters.