jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of postoperative complications of Lichtenstein Tension Free Repair and Pure Tissue Repairs like Modified Bassini or Shouldice at Nishtar Hospital Multan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study is to compare the postoperative complications of Lichtenstein tension free repair and pure tissue repairs like modified Bassini or Shouldice. This was an interventional (quasi experimental) study. This study was carried out on 100 patients having primary inguinal hernia. After taking detail history, examination and necessary investigations, only tit patients were included in the study and rest were excluded. A separate file was maintained for each patient to note the complication rate of different hernia`s repairs. Patients in group I underwent modified Bassini (35%) and Shouldice repair (15%). Patients in group II underwent Lichtenstein repair (50%).30 (30%) complications were observed. Out of these 23(23%) were in group I and 7(7%) were in group II. All were managed conservatively. The main complications were wound hematoma (9%), Wound infection (3%), scrotal edema (1%), postoperative neuralgia (6%), retention of urine (8%) and recurrence (3%). Wound infection, wound hematoma and recurrence were seen more in group I. Post operative neuralgia was more common in group II. Although follow up was for a shorter period of time and complications like recurrence and post operative neuralgia could not be assessed accurately. It was concluded that Lichtenstein tension free repair is simple and effective method of repairing inguinal hernia, with low complication rates and low recurrence rate. The method is much easier and should be considered in majority of patients with inguinal hernia.
[Impact of fire on carbon dynamics of Larix gmelinii forest in Daxing'an Mountains of North-East China: a simulation with CENTURY model].

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Fire is one of the important natural disturbances to forest ecosystem, giving strong impact on the ecosystem carbon dynamics. By using CENTURY model, this paper simulated the responses of the carbon budget of Larix gmelinii forest in Huzhong area of Daxing' an Mountains to different intensities of fire. The results indicated that after the fires happened, the soil total carbon pool of the forest had a slight increase in the first few years and then recovered gradually, while the stand biomass carbon pool increased after an initial decrease, with the recovery rate of carbon pool of the stand fine components being faster than that of the coarse components. The fluctuation of the carbon pools increased with the increase of fire intensity. After the fires, both the net primary productivity (NPP) of forest vegetation and the soil heterotrophic respiration increased after an initial decrease, but the recovery rate of the NPP was faster than that of soil heterotrophic respiration, resulting in the alternation of the stand functioned as a carbon source or sink. After light fire, the forest still functioned as a weak carbon sink, and quickly recovered as a carbon sink to the level before the fire happened. After other intensities fire, the forest functioned as a carbon source within 9-12 years, and then turned back to a carbon sink again. It was suggested that lower intensity forest fire could promote the regeneration of L. gmelinii forest, reduce the combustibles, and have no strong impact on the stand carbon budget, while higher intensity forest fire would lead to the serious loss of soil- and tree carbon sequestration, retard the recovery of the forest, and thereby, the forest would be a carbon source in a longer term.
Vibrational-disruption of the feeding behavior of a plant pathogen vector

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Within Auchenorrhyncha, vibrational signals underlie interactions with conspecific and environment, and can be used to disrupt relevant behaviors. Vibrational interference with vector behaviors associated to host plant recognition and feeding could enable development of innovative management strategies. The main European vector of the fastidious bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is Philaenus spumarius, which uses vibrations to communicate. In our work, a vibrational stimulus was designed based on a P. spumarius signal and was transmitted over a suitable host plant (sunflower). The signal significantly reduced the probing and feeding behavior of the insect vector, which is a xylem-feeder. Specifically, ca. 30% of the treated individuals did not attempt probing, while the feeding activity of probing insects was affected by the vibrational signal. Accordingly, a sex-independent reduction in ingestion of the xylem sap of ca. 67% compared to the control was recorded. The possible implications of vibrational vector behavior interferences on the epidemiology of X. fastidiosa and future research needs are discussed, including the possibility of applying this technique to olive plants.
Measurement of the thermal neutron absorption cross section of boron by means of a time of flight technique. EUR 12.e

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A precise determination of the neutron absorption cross section of boron in the thermal energy region 0.006 to 0.082 ev was undertaken by means of time-of- flight technique. Two samples of deuterated boric acid solution in heavy water were measured, containing respectively 19.81 and 96.51% of B/sup 10/. The following results were obtained (at 0.0253 ev): sample n/sup 0/ 1, sigma /sub a/ = (761 plus or minus 2)b; and sample n/sup 0/ 2, sigma /sub a/ = (3703 plus or minus 9)b; from which the following values for the absorption cross section of B/sup 10/ were respectively derived: sigma /sub a/ (B/sup 10/) = (3840 plus or minus 11)b; and sigma /sub a/, (B/sup 10/) = (3837 plus or minus 9)b. Their weighted mean is equal to (3838 plus or minus 10)b. (auth)
Pisa in a Latin American Context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper compares the explicit and implicit objectives established by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) with those of developing Latin American countries as expressed in their regulations and action lines. In particular, we will consider the cases of Argentina, Brazil and Chile with a focus on secondary education,1 since this level presents the biggest challenge for Latin America.
Soft Tissue Assessment and Grafting for Alveolar Ridge Enhancement in Implant Dentistry

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A rich history of soft tissue management surrounding natural teeth along with advances in the comprehension of wound healing have allowed the adaptation and application of surgical techniques developed for teeth to be applied for implants. Although the procedures to create a good band of keratinized tissue around implants should be addressed at the time of uncovering or placement of dental implants, in some cases they are done as a correction in a post-implant placement stage. Clinicians today must balance biology, functionality, and esthetics when treatment planning and executing implants, and have an in-depth knowledge of wound healing. This approach is similar for natural teeth or dental implants, and is done by setting up the final goal of ideal implant placement and restoration within a well-established hard and soft tissue envelope.
1038 Outcomes of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in African American Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is highly prevalent in patients with HIV, ranging from 13% to 55%. According to the center for disease control and prevention (CDC), in 2016 African Americans(AA) had the highest rate of HIV diagnosis (44%).Minorities are disproportionately affected by HIV and have a higher risk of developing NASH and progressive liver disease. Data on the outcomes of NASH in AA patients with HIV and the disease progression is scanty and poorly studied. METHODS: We retrieved data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for the year 2012.The study group consisted of AA patients between ages 18–75 years with NASH and HIV/AIDS (n = 138). Control group included subjects with NASH alone (n = 3681). Our outcomes of interest were: overall mortality, Ascites, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), End stage liver disease (ESLD), Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), Liver cirrhosis and Portal hypertension. All clinical characteristics were defined as per the International Classification of Disease 9 th revision (ICD-9) codes. Logistics regression analysis was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of outcomes amongst participants with coexisting NASH/HIV while accounting for comorbidities and this was compared to those with NASH alone. RESULTS: The mean age sample was 49 ± 12 (61% female, 39% male). The rates of ascites were higher among those with NASH/HIV compared to NASH alone (10.1% vs 4.6%, P < 0.005). After adjusting for comorbidities, the aOR for hepatic encephalopathy 1.232 (0.379-4.009), ascites 1.753 (0.962-3.196) and portal hypertension 2.258 (0.276-18.465) was higher in NASH/HIV group compared to NASH alone. Stratified analysis based on age and sex revealed that females with NASH/HIV have a statistically significant higher odd for ascites; age 18-45, aoR 4.752 (2.155-10.478) and portal hypertension age 46- 75 aoR 19.832 (1.182 - 332.644) compared with NASH alone. CONCLUSION: African American female patients with NASH coexisting with HIV were at a higher risk for portal hypertension and ascites when compared to those with NASH alone. Further studies will look to evaluate and mitigate the impact of HIV on NASH in this patient population.
Compared effect of propranolol and acebutolol on serum thyroid hormones' levels in euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients: a randomized study.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

An open randomized study involving 57 subjects, 40 euthyroid and 17 hyperthyreotic, was undertaken to compare the effect of two beta-adrenergic blocking drugs, propranolol (120 mg/day) and acebutolol (600 mg/day), on the thyroid hormones serum level. In hyperthyreotic as well as in euthyroid subjects, propranolol evoked a fall in T3, an increase in reverse T3 and therefore a decrease in the T3/rT3 ratio. Acebutolol caused a decrease in T3 and in the T3/rT3 ratio only in euthyroid subjects. The only significant variation in the hyperthyroid acebutolol treated group was a decrease in reverse T3, perhaps spontaneous. TBG and TSH concentrations remained stable under treatment in all the groups. The relation of these effects with the existence of a membrane stabilizing activity displayed by propranolol as well as by acebutolol is discussed.
Iowa Farmland Ownership and Tenure Survey 1982–2017: A Thirty-five Year Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Farmland is arguably often a farmer’s single largest investment item, a major source of collateral, and a key component of the farmer’s debt portfolio. At the macro level, the value of land and buildings represent over 80 percent of all U.S. farm assets. As a result, changes in the farmland market and the implications for farmland owners, tenants, and beginning farmers are of perennial interest to policymakers, landowners, producers, and researchers. Using a statistically representative sample of Iowa landowners in July 2017, this study provides a critical update to the Iowa Farmland Ownership and Tenure survey series and a thirty-five year perspective (1982 to present) on many aspects of land ownership, land tenure, land transitions, and characteristics of landowners, including non-operator landowners, farmland rental agreements, the financing of farmland, the acquisition and transfer of land, and demographics of landowners. The 2017 survey also added the use of conservation practices and cooperative services on Iowa farmland. This survey carries out an Iowa legislative mandate, and represents a nationally unique study that has been conducted every five years since the 1980s to better understand agricultural land ownership, tenure, and transfer.
Knowledge and Awareness of Cervical Cancer among HIV-Infected Women in Ethiopia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction . Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among Ethiopian women. Low awareness of cervical cancer, in combination with low health care seeking behavior, is a key challenge for cervical cancer prevention. This study assessed the knowledge of cervical cancer among HIV-infected women in Ethiopia. Methods . A facility-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from August to September 2012 among HIV-infected women between 21 and 49 years of age. Basic descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS. Results . A total of 432 HIV-infected women participated in this study. About 71% of participants had ever heard of cervical cancer. Among women who had ever heard of cervical cancer, 49% did not know the cause while 74% were able to identify at least one risk factor for cervical cancer. Only 33% of women were able to correctly address when women should seek care and 33% identified at least one treatment option for cervical cancer. Conclusion . This study revealed that knowledge about cervical cancer was generally low, in particular for health care seeking behavior and treatment of cervical cancer. Health awareness programs should be strengthened at both community and health facility levels with emphasis highlighting the causes, risk factors, care seeking behaviors, and treatment options for cervical cancer.
The Belief in Personal Control Scale: A Revised, Short Form.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The development and validation of a shortened and revised version of the Belief in Personal Control Scale (BPCS-RS) are described. Like the original 85-item version of the BPCS, the BPCS-RS measures three empirically derived factors (a belief in general external control of outcomes, an exaggerated belief in personal control of outcomes, and a belief in God-mediated outcomes). The four studies used in the comparative assessment of The BPCS and the BPCS-RS involved: (1) 233 urban university undergraduates; (2) 58 undergraduates; (3) 48 seminary graduate students; and (4) 34 undergraduate psychology students. Correlations between the 85-item BPCS and the 45-item BPCS-RS indicate that the two scales are equivalent. Evidence from a series of studies is presented to support the reliability and validity of the rew.sed scale. It is argued that the BPCS-RS provides an efficient and empirically sound means of assessing several rarely measured dimensions of personal control. Both instruments have the same thrEe-factor structure. Additional evidence for the validity of the exaggera ed internal control and God-mediated control factors was prov.'ded as well. Two data tables are included. (TJH) ****************!:**********************.******************************* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************f****
Farmland sales under returns and price uncertainty

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the observed heterogeneity in the liquidity of agricultural land markets. We adopt a real options model to determine the value of an opportunity to sell farmland and derive the optimal disinvestment triggers. A proportional hazards model is applied to estimate the duration between land sales in Germany and test the implications of the real options model. In contrast to expectations, we find an ambiguous effect of returns and price volatility on the optimal timing of land sales. There is no evidence that non-agricultural investors buy and sell land more frequently than farmers. Our results contribute to the current discussion on land market regulations, one major point of which is capping land prices. According to our results, such policies could increase the rent–price ratio and thus discourage land sales. In turn, the land supply would be reduced, causing further price pressure on farmland markets.
Aging and Visual Attention: The Effect of Perceptual Load on Dual-Task Performance

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The ability to use information that is not directly in front of us (information located in the periphery) is important in many aspects of everyday life (e.g., using a computer, driving). It may be critical that a person be able to effectively use the information in the periphery. The current study examined how age-related changes in perceptual processing capacity and display-related variations in perceptual load affected the spatial distribution of visual attention. The results suggest that displays that make high demands on perceptual processing capacity reduce the functional field of view in older adults. Younger adults, however, were unaffected by the perceptual load manipulation. The primary practical implication is that displays that are intended to be used by older adults should not make high demands on their limited perceptual processing capacity.
Poloidal asymmetries of flows in the Tore Supra tokamak

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Simultaneous measurements of binormal velocity of density fluctuations using two separate Doppler backscattering systems at the low field side and at the top of the plasma show significant poloidal asymmetry. The measurements are performed in the core region between the radii 0.7 &lt; ρ &lt; 0.95, over a limited number of L-mode discharges covering a wide range of plasma conditions in the Tore Supra tokamak. A possible generation mechanism by the ballooned structure of the underlying turbulence, in the form of convective cells, is proposed for explaining the observation of these poloidally asymmetric mean flows.
Rem, Frank J. - Power Estimation Techniques for the Purpose IEEE ProRISK 1997.pdf

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Architectural synthesis for digital signal processing (DSP) is the automatic generation of a VLSI implementation of a DSP algorithm. In this process, it is desirable to estimate the power consumption of potential solutions. The estimation should be fast and accurate. The <i>dual-bit-type</i> estimation method known from literature was taken as a basis and adapted for the goals of this research. Experimental results show that the followed approach gives useful results.
Clinical significance of locoregional and systemic treatment in operable high-risk breast cancer patients with more than four positive axillary lymph nodes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Besides the classical prognostic factors and the improvement of prognosis achieved from the anthracycline-based or anthracycline-taxane combination chemotherapy compared to cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracil chemotherapy, our findings showed benefits on DFS and OS for appropriate local treatments, including radiotherapy and sufficient ALN dissection for high-risk breast cancer patients with four or more ALNs involved, which suggests that much importance should also be attached to local treatment besides adjuvant systemic therapy.
Shock Timing and Yield Sensitivity Studies for NIF Ignition Capsules

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A cryogenic, {beta}-layered NIF ignition capsule with a beryllium ablator that employs a BeO dopant (2% O) for opacity control is described. The design has an optimized yield of 12 MJ and uses a ''reduced drive'' hohlraum temperature pulse shape that peaks at {approx}250 eV. Shock timing sensitivity calculations have been performed for this capsule design. Individual uncertainties of (1) {approx}200 ps in the timing of the ''footpulse; (2) {approx}5% in the x-ray flux of the foot pulse and first step; (3) {approx}10% in the ablator EOS; or (4) {approx} 5 {micro}m in the DT ice layer thickness each have a significant impact on thermonuclear yield. Combined uncertainties have greater impact than isolated, individual issues. For example, a combination of uncertainties of: 200 ps in the foot + 2 eV in the foot + 5 pm in the DT thickness results in a calculation that produces only {approx}1% of the original design yield. A second, more speculative, capsule concept utilizing a liquid DT ablator is also discussed. This design produces a 5 MJ yield in a 250 eV peak drive calculation.
<title>Multiprotocol MR image segmentation in multiple sclerosis: experience with over 1000 studies</title>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an acquired disease of the central nervous system. Subjective cognitive and ambulatory test scores on a scale called EDSS are currently utilized to assess the disease severity. Various MRI protocols are being investigated to study the disease based on how it manifests itself in the images. In an attempt to eventually replace EDSS by an objective measure to assess the natural course of the disease and its response to therapy, we have developed image segmentation methods based on fuzzy connectedness to quantify various objects in multiprotocol MRI. These include the macroscopic objects such as lesions, the gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain parenchyma as well as the microscopic aspects of the diseased WM. Over 1000 studies have been processed to date. By far the strongest correlations with the clinical measures were demonstrated by the Magnetization Transfer Ratio (MTR) histogram parameters obtained for the various segmented tissue regions emphasizing the importance of considering the microscopic/diffused nature of the disease in the individual tissue regions. Brain parenchymal volume also demonstrated a strong correlation with the clinical measures indicating that brain atrophy is an important indicator of the disease. Fuzzy connectedness is a viable segmentation method for studying MS.
General Dentists' Role in providing care to very young children:Pediatric Dentists' Perspective

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

To examine the pediatric dentists’ perspective on level of care to children 0-3 years old by general dentists, an electronic survey was sent out to 5185 AAPD members and 769 responded (response rate: 14.8%). Forty-six percent agreed with a general dentist providing a dental home to children 0-3 years old. Only 24% agreed that general dentists could perform complex restorative and behavior management procedures for 0-3 years old. Younger respondents, pediatric dentists who practice in rural areas or teaching pediatric dentistry, and those who perceived adequate exposure during dental school were more likely to agree on general dentists proving a dental home (p values ranged from <0.0001 to 0.022). This study finding can help guide what level of care general dentists may provide and when a referral to a pediatric dentist is recommended and the appropriate competency level of entry-level general dentists to care for 0-3 years old.
Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome sequence of submerged macrophyte Stuckenia pectinata (Potamogetonaceae) and its phylogenetic position

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Stuckenia pectinata is widely distributed submerged macrophyte in the world. Herein, the complete chloroplast genome of this species was assembled and characterized using whole genome next-generation sequencing. The complete chloroplast genome showed a circular genome of 156,669 bp size with 36.5% GC content. The genome is of typical structure and contain a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions with 26,074 bp, separated by one large single-copy (LSC) with 86,285 bp, and one small single-copy (SSC) regions with 18,236 bp. De novo assembly and annotation showed the presence of 131 unique genes with 85 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. A maximum-likelihood phylogenomic tree reconstructed based on 15 chloroplast genomes reveals that S. pectinata is most closely related to Zostera marina.