jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Study of Improving China's Leagality on Interllectual Property under WTO "TRIPS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

China is going to enter into WTO very soon. So demestic laws must be consistant with WTO rules. The interllectual property laws are also not exceptional. Specifically speaking, they are required to be consistant with TRIPS which is the first attached documeng of WTO agreements. This paper overally and systematically states our country's strategies of improving interllectual property legality on the basis of analyzing the distance between our country's legislation in effect and practice on interllectual property and TRIPS
1529–1531: Augsburg

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From 1529 to 1531, Melanchthon wrote a commentary on Romans, attended the Diet of Augsburg, and produced the notable documents of the Augsburg Confession and its Apology. During this time, he continued to sharpen his formulation of the human will's temporal (or civil) freedom in combination with its spiritual bondage. In these years, Melanchthon almost never mentioned predestination.
[The impact of Glivec related side effects on daily life in Chinese patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Daily life was impaired seriously in a minority of Chinese CML patients who received Glivec, especially in the first 4 years of treatment. Fatigue, edema, gastrointestinal disorders, rash and hepatic function abnormality were side effects associated with negative impact on patients' daily life.
The effect of ruthenium red during Ca2+ depletion and repletion in the isolated perfused rat liver.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Perfusion of rat liver with Ca(2+)-depleted buffer induces oxidative stress and liver damage, which can be prevented by Ca2+ repletion (Okuda et al. J Lab Clin Med). In the present study, we investigated the action of ruthenium red on acute Ca2+ loading after Ca2+ depletion in the isolated perfused rat liver. The major findings of this study are that 1) Ca2+ depletion-induced liver damage was related to mitochondrial disfunction; 2) ruthenium red inhibited the oxidative stress and liver damage normally seen during Ca2+ depletion; 3) ruthenium red inhibited the Ca2+ depletion-induced mitochondrial disfunction. These observations suggest that mitochondrial Ca2+ cycling is responsible for Ca2+ depletion-induced oxidative stress and liver damage.
Post-Traumatic Pancreatic Pseudocyst formation in a child: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Pancreatic pseudocyst formation following blunt abdominal trauma is lesser known entity in pediatric age group as compared to.pancreatitis. The pickup rate of various post traumatic hidden pathologies is now possible because of modern diagnostic armamentarium. Case summary:.We present a 3-years old girl who reported with blunt abdominal trauma and developed pancreatitis She subsequently developed pseudocyst in the follow up period of management. Modern diagnostic tools like Ultrasonography (USG), Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helped in clinching the diagnosis.Conclusion:Blunt abdominal trauma in children should be taken seriously in diagnostic as well management point of view. We can manage the case as per the complications with the help of various diagnostic modalities as was in our present case.
Measurement of Stimulated Raman Side-Scattering Predominance in Directly Driven Experiment

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Due to its particular geometry, stimulated Raman side-scattering (SRSS) drives scattered light emission at non-conventional directions, leading to scarce and complex experimental observations. Direct-irradiation campaigns at the SG-II UP facility have measured the scattered light driven by SRSS over a wide range of angles. It indicated an emission at large polar angles over a broad azimuthal range, sensitive to the plasma profile and laser polarization, resulting in a loss of about 5\% of the total laser energy. Direct comparison with back-scattering measurement has evidenced SRSS as the dominant Raman scattering process. The predominance of SRSS was confirmed by 2D particle-in-cell simulations, and its angular spread has been corroborated by ray-tracing simulations. The main implication is that a complete characterization of the SRS instability and an accurate measurement of the energy losses require the collection of the scattered light in a broad range of directions. Otherwise, spatially limited measurement could lead to an underestimation of the energetic importance of stimulated Raman scattering.
Plethora of Antibiotics Usage and Evaluation of Carbapenem Prescribing Pattern in Intensive Care Units: A Single-Center Experience of Malaysian Academic Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Excessive antibiotic consumption is still common among critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU), especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period. Moreover, information regarding antimicrobial consumption among ICUs in South-East Asia remains scarce and limited. This study aims to determine antibiotics utilization in ICUs by measuring antibiotics consumption over the past six years (2016–2021) and specifically evaluating carbapenems prescribed in a COVID-19 ICU and a general intensive care unit (GICU) during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional observational analysis of antibiotics consumption and carbapenems prescriptions. Antibiotic utilization data were estimated using the WHO Defined Daily Doses (DDD). Carbapenems prescription information was extracted from the audits conducted by ward pharmacists. Patients who were prescribed carbapenems during their admission to COVID-19 ICU and GICU were included. Patients who passed away before being reviewed by the pharmacists were excluded. (3) Results: In general, antibiotics consumption increased markedly in the year 2021 when compared to previous years. Majority of carbapenems were prescribed empirically (86.8%). Comparing COVID-19 ICU and GICU, the reasons for empirical carbapenems therapy in COVID-19 ICU was predominantly for therapy escalation (64.7% COVID-19 ICU vs. 34% GICU, p < 0.001), whereas empirical prescription in GICU was for coverage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) gram-negative bacteria (GNB) (45.3% GICU vs. 22.4% COVID-19 ICU, p = 0.005). Despite microbiological evidence, the empirical carbapenems were continued for a median (interquartile range (IQR)) of seven (5–8) days. This implies the need for a rapid diagnostic assay on direct specimens, together with comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) discourse with intensivists to address this issue.
LibGuides: LSC 504:The Journey of the Lewis and Clark Expedition by Richard C. Welch: Home

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A research guide to the Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1804-1806. The famous Lewis & Clark Expedition of 1804-1806 is a frequent research subject for high school and college students. This guide provides helpful information to students wishing to research this fascinating expedition of the Corps of Discovery.
Establishment of a Chinese hamster breeding colony.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A colony of outbred Chinese hamsters, Cricetulus griseus, was established. Attempts to use previously published methods of physically protecting the males were unsatisfactory. Rather, females were selected for nonaggressive behavior. Breeding was among pairs allowed to cohabit for 5 1/2 days. Production was typically in excess of 180 offspring per month, with an average breeder population of 44 females and 30 males. Litters were weaned at 3 weeks of age. At that time, appropriate numbers of offspring of female parents with a history including nonaggressive behavior, fecundity and freedom from seizures were retained for use as future breeders. Females were first bred at 8-12 weeks of age and males at 8-12 months. The remaining animals were maintained in groups of like-sex littermates until used. With these methods, mortality among breeder males due to overly aggressive female behavior was reduced to 3%. Animal husbandry procedures and record keeping requirements were relatively simple, not labor intensive and would be easily adaptable to most facilities.
Meta-Analysis of Published Data Using a Linear Mixed-Effects Model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the use of a linear mixed-effects regression model as a framework for the meta-analysis of published data. It generalizes the random-effects models used by DerSimonian and Laird (1986, Controlled Clinical Trials 7, 177-188) and Begg and Pilote (1991, Biometrics 47, 899-906), and describes the use of the model using examples from these papers and the data given by Tori et al.
Use of the ‘perceptron’ algorithm to distinguish translational initiation sites

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We have used a &quot;Perceptron &quot; algorithm to find a weighting function which distinguishes E_. coli translatlonal Initiation sites from all other sites in a library of over 78,000 nucleotides of mRNA sequence. The &quot;Perceptron&quot; examined sequences as linear representations. The &quot;Perceptron &quot; is more successful at finding gene beginnings than our previous searches using &quot;rules&quot; (see previous paper). We note that the weighting function can find translational initiation sites within sequences that were not included In the training set.
The role of individual or neighborhood factors: HIV acquisition risk among high-risk populations in San Francisco

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The majority of new HIV infections occur among high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and transfemales. Segments of these populations are also more likely to be economically disadvantaged. Economic disadvantage or low socioeconomic status has been linked to disease acquisition, morbidities and mortality. Interventions have been proposed to address these health issues through the reduction of poverty. However, this approach to intervention does not address underlying structural factors such as high HIV prevalence in impoverished neighborhoods and thus in social and sexual networks. The present analysis examines low individual socioeconomic status and /or social and sexual network factors and their relationship to HIV acquisition risk among three populations at high-risk for HIV infection. Geographic analysis examined residential patterns and neighborhood patterns of HIV prevalence in San Francisco. Data collected in San Francisco from White MSM, Black MSM and transfemales were analyzed using Poisson regression to determine the factors associated with engaging in more episodes of potentially serodiscordant unprotected receptive anal intercourse.As expected, transfemales and Black MSM were more likely to live in areas of higher HIV prevalence and lower income compared to White MSM. Interestingly the areas of higher HIV prevalence and lower income were also the areas with greater numbers of HIV prevention and care services. Black MSM and transfemales had lower socioeconomic status (SES) scores compared to White MSM. Black MSM were more likely to report serodiscordant partnerships and higher numbers of potentially serodiscordant unprotected sex acts. Decreasing SES and increasing neighborhood HIV/AIDS case density did not predict serodiscordant partnerships in any group. Increasing neighborhood HIV prevalence predicted an increase in the number of potentially serodiscordant unprotected sex acts among transfemales and Black MSM but only significantly so for transfemales.HIV prevention interventions must also consider neighborhood factors such as neighborhood HIV prevalence in addition to considering individual level behavior change
MENILIK KEGIATAN PRAMUKA YANG BERPERAN DALAM MENANAMKAN SIFAT KEBANGSAAN PADA GENERASI MUDA MESKIPUN DI ERA PANDEMI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to (1) national attitudes that can be applied from scouting activities, (2) Pancasila values â€‹â€‹that are implemented from scouting activities, (3) instill a spirit of nationalism and nationality, (4) foster a sense of love for the country, (5) see what positive things are obtained from scouting activities, and (5) the influence of covid-19 in the implementation of scouting activities. For this reason, a study with a quantitative approach was carried out by distributing questionnaires (surveys) to scout members at the Cimahi City Branch Kwartir base and reporting the results descriptively. Scouting is important in shaping a nation so that it has an attitude of love for the country. Looking at the community, scouting activities aim to increase the resources of young Indonesians and increase the sense of nationalism which in the current era of globalization feels faded. Scouts teach each member to always obey all applicable regulations. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) sikap berbangsa yang dapat diterapkan dari kegiatan pramuka, (2) nilai-nilai Pancasila yang diimplementasikan dari berkegiata pramuka, (3) menanamkan jiwa nasionalisme dan kebangsaan, (4) menumbuhkan rasa cinta tanah air, (5) mengetahui hal positif apa saja yang didapatkan dari kegiatan pramuka, dan (5) pengaruh covid-19 dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pramuka. Untuk itu, dilakukan sebuah penelitian dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan membagikan kuisioner (survei) kepada anggota pramuka di pangkalan Kwartir Cabang Kota Cimahi dan melaporkan hasilnya dengan deskriptif. Kepramukaan dianggap penting dalam membentuk generasi bangsa agar memiliki sikap cinta tanah air. Melihat dari tujuannya, kegiatan pramuka bertujuan untuk meningkatkan sumber daya kaum muda Indonesia dan meningkatkan rasa nasionalisme yang pada era globalisasi seperti saat ini terasa telah memudar. Pramuka mengajarkan setiap anggotanya untuk selalu patuh terhadap segala peraturan yang berlaku.
Highly qualified special education teachers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) requires that all teachers obtain “highlyqualified teacher” (HQT) status in the specific content areas that they were assigned toteach. Many experienced special education teachers, although certified to work withchildren with disabilities, did not have a content area specialty, and therefore were notconsidered highly qualified under NCLB. This phenomenological study conducted aseries of three interviews in which a sample of 9 teachers were asked to share theirperceptions of HQT based on the following questions:• What steps have these teachers taken to become “highly qualified” and whatchallenges, if any, did they face in the process?• How has the school district adapted programs to accommodate the changes inqualifications of the special education teachers?• How do the special education teachers perceive the changes, if any, and howhave they affected the children they have been assigned to teach?The participants of this study shared their rich and varied educationalbackgrounds; they have acquired valuable life experiences and taken advantage ofvarious professional development opportunities to prepare them for their positions asspecial education teachers. The nine special educators in this study discussed how theyfelt the “highly qualified teacher” mandate affected them professionally, and morespecifically, their job assignments. For the most part, the participants of this study did notfeel that the HQT process affected their job assignments. All but one believed thatcontent knowledge is important. The teachers’ perceptions of HQT have been an essential part of this study. Mostfelt that it is necessary that teachers who are competent and knowledgeable should teachstudents. However, while the teachers generally agreed that both regular and specialeducation teachers should be equipped with the skills necessary to service all students,some felt that the “highly qualified teacher” label does not necessarily make a goodteacher, and not all felt that having HQT status would benefit the students. Some of theteachers also believed that in-class support has not positively affected the students. Theydiscussed how some students with special needs are struggling in general education classes. The HQT aspect of NCLB has been a necessary revision to education law, but it has been a controversial subject that has caused much debate in many areas of education. The “Highly Qualified Special Education Teacher” should be recognized as valuable for the knowledge of disabilities, teaching strategies and behavioral techniques.
Lung placental transmogrification presenting as progressive unilateral interstitial lung disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Placental transmogrification of the lung is an extremely rare lung disease frequently associated with hamartomas or unilateral bullous emphysema. We report a case of placental transmogrification of the lung in a 44-year-old male who presented with bronchial infections, hyperlucent left lung and progressive cystic and micronodular unilateral interstitial lung disease. Because of interstitial lung disease progression over 13 years, a left pneumonectomy was performed. After a two-year follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic and did not exhibit any lung infections. No recurrence was observed on the right lung. (Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2017; 34: 188-190).
Complete Heart Block in ÎÂ²-Thalassemia Minor with Pregnancy: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This is a case report of a 22-year-old Indian woman with 37 week gestation (primi-gravidae), a known case of congenital ÎÂ²-thalassemia trait came for routine check-up without any complaints. She has a fixed bradycardia (heart rate 45 beats/minute-BPM) and her electrocardiogram showed complete heart block (CHB). The relation between ÎÂ²-Thalassemia trait and third degree heart block is not reported in the medical literature. The correct diagnosis of the patient was based on appropriate clinical observations, ECG findings and deliberation of the differential diagnosis.
Spread of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates Producing NDM-Type Metallo-β-Lactamase in Myanmar

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae has become a serious problem in medical settings worldwide. The present study demonstrated that carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strains have been spreading in medical settings in Myanmar. In particular, plasmid genes encoding NDMs and 16S rRNA methylases have been spreading in K. pneumoniae high-risk clones.
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON COMMUNICATION PRACTICES IN THE ENGINEERING WORKPLACE: A STUDENT-DRIVEN SURVEY AND AN EXPLORATION OF POTENTIAL CURRICULAR RAMIFICATIONS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

"In 2012, the Faculty of Industrial Engineering Technology of Leuven University, Campus Diepenbeek, initiated a student-driven action research project to optimize the communications curriculum and tether it to trends and evolutions in the engineering workplace. The methodological pivot of the action research cycle is a questionnaire that students send out to professional engineers on a yearly basis. To date, the questionnaire has been completed by over 2000 engineers. The survey polls the importance and salient features of contemporaneous communication practices for engineers, on the basis of which the curriculum is continuously refined and optimized to match workplace expectations. The existence of this historical dataset allowed for an accurate measurement of the impact of COVID-19 on communication practices in the field of engineering. The perhaps unsurprising, but nevertheless striking rise in online meeting and collaboration practices in the engineering workplace prompts urgent curricular questions with potentially far-reaching ramifications, as the communications curriculum rests, as yet, on a bedrock of traditional, face-to-face interaction. With urgent 21th century concerns surrounding mobility and climate change, screen-to-screen interactions might well evolve into the “new normal” for business communication. This presentation discusses the findings of the questionnaire on the impact of COVID-19 on engineering communication practices and follows through with a preliminary exploration of the ramifications of these findings on the future communications curriculum for engineers."
Snack and Snap: A Novel Recipe for Yelp Reviews with Explainable AI

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

“Pictures are worth a thousand words," yet most platforms like Yelp, Google Maps, Instagram, Walmart, and Amazon require users to provide text, ratings, and images. Images often capture a user's intent, and the features within the images typically correlate with that intent. In this paper, we extract various features from images (such as edge distribution, color distribution, text within the image, focus, etc.) and compare simple vs. complex models to predict the ratings associated with these images. We find that features such as brightness and contrast significantly explain the rating at image-level, and models such as random forest and logistic regression provide a 0.84 F-1 score when predicting the rating. In the era of generative AI, we anticipate that sharing an image will allow platforms to auto-generate user intent and image ratings, thereby simplifying the dissemination of information.
The paradox in Kierkegaard's religiousness A

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

To be religious in the sense which Kierkegaard calls ‘religiousness A’ involves one, according to him, in a paradox. If we take the terms in which he describes this paradox in ordinary senses, it is not clear what this paradox consists of. If we take the terms in a technical sense, the description of being religious involves a paradox. But the paradox is of such a nature that it is now logically impossible that anyone should be religious. If we attach a slightly different meaning to Kierkegaard's terms, being religious is possible but does not involve a paradox. Also on this interpretation, religious conduct becomes indistinguishable from non‐religious conduct.
Associations of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes with ophthalmic diseases in a population sample over 55 years old

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim . To study associations of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with ophthalmic diseases in a population sample of men and women from middle to old age (Novosibirsk). Material and methods . The population cohort was initially studied in 2003-2005 (n=9360, 45-69 years old, Novosibirsk, the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) project). At the second survey (2015-2017) in a random subsample (n=1011), the following ophthalmic diseases were identified: hypertensive retinopathy (HR), diabetic retinopathy (DR), cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), optic disc abnormalities, etc. Results . The prevalence of HR signs in persons with and without hypertension (HTN) was 81 and 46%, respectively (p<0,001). This association persisted regardless of other factors (odds ratio, 2,27 (95% confidence interval: 1,78-4,17). The prevalence of AMD, cataract and DR increased in HTN, but associations were largely explained by metabolic factors in multivariate models. People with T2D more often than without T2D had signs of DR (9,3 vs 0,4%, p<0,001), AMD (22 vs 17%, p=0,042) and glaucoma (14 vs 7%, p=0,001). Associations of T2D with DR and glaucoma persisted regardless of other factors. Individuals with carotid atherosclerosis (CA) were 1,6 times more likely to have HR than those without CA when adjusted for sex, age, and smoking (p=0,013). Conclusion . In the surveyed population sample of mainly elderly people, a number of associations between cardiometabolic and common ophthalmic diseases were revealed. The identified comorbidities may have important therapeutic and prophylactic applications in an aging population.