jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A study of dermatoglyphics in sickle cell patients of age 1–18 years in north Chhattisgarh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Dermatoglyphics, which are unique patterns on a person’s fingers, are related to inheritance. We hypothesize that early postnatal analysis of dermatoglyphics, established before birth and determined by genetics, may aid in early diagnosis of sickle cell. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify characteristic dermatoglyphic patterns in sickle cell anemia that could be useful for early diagnosis of disease. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 259 prediagnosed sickle cell patients. Qualitative analysis included patterns of fingertips – ulnar loop (UL), radial loop, whorl arch, and double loop and palmar creases – normal pattern, Simian crease, and Sydney crease. Quantitative analysis included total finger ridge count (TFRC), ulnar ridge count, and a-b ridge count. Results: Among 259 subjects, 167 were sicle cell anemia patient (Hb SS), and 92 were sickle cell trait (Hb AS) patients. Overall maximum proportion of Hb SS showed UL pattern (52.8%), followed by whorl (38.1%). axial triradius (Atd) angle (TAD) angle was found to be almost similar in both the groups. In the male study group, the mean a-b ridge count value was higher in sickle cell males compared to normal males. In the female Hb AS group, the mean a-b ridge value was less compared to Hb SS and Hb AA females. In all female study participants, nearly equal mean TFRC was seen. The percentage of normal palmar crease was high in both the male and female study groups. A slight increase of Sydney crease was noted in sickle cell females, i.e, 6.4%. No statistical significance was found for percentage distribution of palmar flexion crease. Conclusion: Dermatoglyphics could be useful in distinguishing between sickle cell disease patients and those without hemoglobinopathies. However, its usefulness as a diagnostic tool is still uncertain.
Sex work and the state : during nation-building years 1959 -1999

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study attempts to explicate the politics of sex work spaces and health hygiene during the nation-building period in Singapore (1959 to 1990s) in which the state accentuated industrialisation. Through two case studies of sex work spaces and an investigation of the public’s sex health, this study will argue that Singapore had constructed a productive state identity imperative for its nation-building period in 1959 to 1990s. Firstly, urban redevelopments carried out by the state had segregated “licensed” sex work areas to a moral geography, so as to underline heteronormativity as indispensable to a productive state identity, yet, illuminated the inequalities in the practice of sex work and sex workers. Secondly, the state reconfigured medical spaces to assemble and strengthen their medical knowledge on Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and to use the knowledge as an apparatus of power to discipline and regulate the health of the sex workers and the public. It aimed to ensure a safe and healthy present and future working population that was essential for a productive state identity.
Exploring the Application of Digital Nostalgia System in Dementia Care from the Perspective of Narrative Gerontology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In recent years, modern medical technology has advanced significantly, increasing the average lifespan of Taiwanese individuals. However, dementia, a common disease among the elderly, has also become more prevalent. The cognitive decline caused by dementia can severely impact the physical, mental, and spiritual health of patients. This study aimed to explore the impact of using digital nostalgia technology to provide cognitive stimulation for patients with dementia, specifically through the use of the "Recall" system developed by our research team. We analyzed the narrative context of patients and employed a pre-test and post-test experimental design, inviting five mild dementia patients to participate. The research methodology mainly involved qualitative research, and we conducted semi-structured interviews with patients using nostalgic photos, divided into four topics: personal background description, most memorable experiences, specific themes, and personal photo sharing. We used NVivo qualitative analysis software to analyze the interview transcripts by coding and classifying the nodes to explore the differences in the patient's narrative context before and after the intervention. This study found that patients participating in the digital experimental activities were more eager to share their old photos. These stimulated memories and led to good subjectivity, continuity, coherence, and correspondence with autobiographical memory. Compared with the non-digital group, patients in the digital group were more willing to share their memories and stories from the past, and they provided positive feedback on the presentation of digital photos and the use of Taiwanese voiceovers. In terms of narrative context, this study identified six main narrative contexts, including contentment, achievement, positivity, social interaction, family affection, and instability. Most patients focused on the "contentment," "family affection," and "achievement" parts. This study can serve as a useful reference for applying digital nostalgia technology to improve the quality of life and mental health of dementia patients, as it provides a deeper understanding of their narrative content and needs.
Scoping review into models of interconception care delivered at well-child visits for the Australian context

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background The interconception period provides an opportunity to address women’s health risks and optimise birth spacing before the next pregnancy. This scoping review aimed to identify models of interconception care (ICC) delivered at well-child visits (WCVs) around the world, review the impacts of ICC delivered, and what the feasibility and applicability of these models were. Methods The global review included clinical studies that that were identified using medical subject headings (MeSH) and keyword combinations. Studies were included if they met the criteria: were clinical studies; examined a model of ICC; were conducted by a registered health professional; and examined women who had given birth within the last 24-months. The following databases were searched: Medline (OVID); CINAHL (EBSCO); PubMed; and Embase (OVID). Relevant studies were screened in Covidence and the data was then extracted using a narrative analysis. Results Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The benefits of ICC delivered at WCVs included screening for maternal health behaviours and conditions and increase women’s uptake of interventions. The studies identified that implementing ICC at WCVs was acceptable to women. Identified challenges included lack of time for health providers, lack of education among women and health providers, and limited funding for WCVs. Conclusion ICC interventions found in this review included family planning counselling and provision of long-acting contraception; health promotion of folic acid; and postpartum depression screening. The research concluded that ICC delivered at WCVs contributes to improving health behaviours for future pregnancies. Increased capacity for this care at WCVs could be achieved with targeted resources and time allocation.
Romanticism, Blake, and the Politics of Nature (Flyer)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Because politics is a distinctly human activity, we often think of nature as something that exists apart from the political realm. However, in an era of revolutionary turmoil, William Blake, who championed “England’s green and pleasant land” against industrialism’s “dark Satanic Mills,” understood better than any other Romantic poet that nature was subject to myriad political uses. By showing how cultural institutions invoke nature to “naturalize” their authority, Blake reveals that nature can be thoroughly political. Join author and musician Kevin Hutchings as he explores the politics of Blake’s visionary ecology in poetry, painting, and song.
Foreign Exchange Forecasting Models: LSTM and BiLSTM Comparison

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Knowledge of foreign exchange rates and their evolution is fundamental to firms and investors, both for hedging exchange rate risk and for investment and trading. The ARIMA model has been one of the most widely used methodologies for time series forecasting. Nowadays, neural networks have surpassed this methodology in many aspects. For short-term stock price prediction, neural networks in general and recurrent neural networks such as the long short-term memory (LSTM) network in particular perform better than classical econometric models. This study presents a comparative analysis between the LSTM model and BiLSTM models. There is evidence for an improvement in the bidirectional model for predicting foreign exchange rates. In this case, we analyse whether this efficiency is consistent in predicting different currencies as well as the bitcoin futures contract.
Methodological Framework for Integrating Cultural Impact in Sustainability Assessments of Cultural Events

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based on the three dimensions model of sustainability, different studies that address the integration of the culture and sustainability concepts from a theoretical field propose that culture should be included as another sustainability dimension to a greater degree. This approach has not been put into practice to date. In fact, when sustainability application is examined in cultural activities such as museums and exhibitions, in most cases it is associated with only one dimension and evaluation methodologies based on a holistic approach; the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) is used in very few cases. In this work, a methodological framework is proposed to add the cultural dimension to the study of the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability. A sequence of phases in line with the LCSA methodology is used to achieve the simultaneous evaluation of impacts associated with a sustainability approach based on four dimensions. A thorough literature review revealed cultural indicators, which were classified and organized in order to facilitate the cultural impact assessment and complement the indicators already used to evaluate other dimensions. Additionally, the approaches and methods proposed are put into practice in a case study, which consists of an experimental exhibition room. The different phases of the methodology have been successively developed, and indicators for all sustainability dimensions have been obtained. Thus, the theoretical contribution of this work is embellished with the development of a practical case, which demonstrate that cultural dimensions can be evaluated together with the rest of the dimensions in order to obtain a multidimensional assessment of sustainability.
The aging population in China: Subjective well-being of empty nesters in rural eastern China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, we explore the subjective well-being of empty nesters who lived in rural eastern China ( N = 967). The Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness is used to measure subjective well-being. The results indicate that Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness is appropriate for empty nesters in rural China due to its reliability and validity. Generally, male empty nesters report greater subjective well-being scores than females. Negative factors include low levels of education, being a widow or widower, or being unmarried. It is argued that the empty nesters’ incapability to access adequate social service and home care leads to their poor subjective well-being.
Performance study of ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) for ad hoc wireless networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An ad hoc wireless network is a network composed of mobile communication devices, which is designed to provide communication capability to satisfy the need of a temporary nature in an infrastructure-less environment. A routing protocol is necessary in ad hoc networks to ensure effective communication among nodes. This thesis presents a simulation-based study on the performance evaluation of Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol, which is one of the core routing protocols being promoted by the Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (MANET) group of the Internet Engineering Task Force.
Serum Glutamate Is a Predictor for the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One neurotransmitter, glutamate, has been implicated in the autoimmune demyelination seen in multiple sclerosis (MS). Glutamate is present in many tissues in the body, so consideration should be given to whether the serum level of glutamate is likely well correlated with the activity of the disease. This research aimed to compare the serum glutamate levels from patients diagnosed with MS with those from an age-matched control population. A review of this data could shed light upon whether the serum testing of glutamate using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a reliable indicator of MS activity. Serum samples were obtained from 55 patients with different patterns of MS and from 25 healthy adults as a control group. The ELISA technique was used to determine the glutamate levels in the serum samples. The mean serum glutamate level for patients with MS was1.318±0.543 nmol/ml and that of the controls was0.873±0.341 nmol/ml. The serum glutamate levels showed an area under the curve via the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of 0.738, which was significant ( p value = 0.001). The present study is the first to establish a strong connection between the serum glutamate levels and MS patients, where there was statistically significant elevation of serum glutamate in MS patients; hence this elevation might be used as a monitor to help in the diagnosis of MS patients.
Monoclonal Antibodies in Nanosystems as a Strategy for Cancer Treatment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are valuable therapeutic tools for targeted therapies to attack tumor cells but preserve healthy tissues, therefore resulting in fewer side effects. With the rise of genetic engineering, recombinant human or humanized mAbs are available in the market for the treatment of cancer, either in monotherapy, in association or conjugated with other drugs. Thus, monovalent or bispecific mAbs find applicability for their antitumor cytotoxic activity, as well as for being able to be used in cancer immunotherapy. Although some antibody-drug conjugates are commercially available, immunoconjugates with nanoparticles are less developed. In this context, nanoparticles play an important role for improving drug delivery, allowing for controlled release and site-specific delivery, both passively, through the enhanced permeation and retention effect, and actively, through the functionalization of nanoparticles with antibodies or antibody fragments with high affinity for receptors overexpressed on tumor cells. The bioconjugation can be performed mainly by adsorption or covalent binding or through the use of adapter molecules. Immobilization of antibodies on the surface of nanoparticles must ensure the desired amount of antibodies per nanoparticle and proper antibody orientation and generate a stable binding in order to preserve its biological activity. In this chapter, the main strategies for conjugating antibodies to nanoparticles through covalent bonds, such as the chemistry of carbodiimide, maleimide, and click, and non-covalent bonds such as adsorption and the biotin-avidin system will be discussed. Herein, we will address the development of monoclonal antibodies, the functionalization strategies, and antibody-receptor-targeted nanoparticles of different compositions, such as lipid, polymeric, and inorganic, focusing on their preparation techniques, physicochemical characterization, and in vitro and in vivo biological activity. Overall, the main bioconjugation technique is provided by the maleimide chemistry, particularly employed in the functionalized of lipid nanoparticles, such as liposomes, the most advanced nanosystem. Cell culture studies have revealed that the functionalized nanoparticle undergoes specific and efficient uptake via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Nanoparticle immunoconjugates have also shown promising for cancer treatment following the success of preclinical studies with cancer xenografts; however, clinical trials have yet to show efficacy and safety.
Bamboo And Dhokra Crafts in Jharkhand: Unveiling Demographic Challenges and Government Scheme Awareness Among Women Artisans

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

‘Cane & Bamboo’ and ‘Dhokra’ crafts are the two main handicrafts in the state of Jharkhand. Dhokra craft is the traditional craft of Jharkhand, while cane & bamboo craft is one of the most practiced craft in the state due to its abundant presence. The paper explores the demographic profile and outreach of government schemes for rural women artisans engaged in practicing two major crafts of Jharkhand, namely cane & bamboo and dhokra craft. It also highlights the importance of the above crafts in uplifting livelihoods of rural women artisans. The present study is based on primary data collected via random sampling in two villages of Lohardaga district, namely Kocha and Hirhi. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire from 50 rural women artisans, 37 cane & bamboo artisans and 13 dhokra artisans respectively. Different attributes of the demographic profile of the respondents were considered, like age, income, marital status, experience in the handicraft industry and time dedicated for making handicraft, measured in terms of number of working days in a year. The findings highlight the need for focused interventions to improve the well-being of craftswomen and highlight their lack of knowledge about government programs.
[Distal splenorenal anastomosis in the treatment of digestive hemorrhage in portal hypertension].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One hundred and ten distal splenorenal anastomoses (DSRA) were performed between 1976 and 1988 for gastrointestinal haemorrhages secondary to portal hypertension. Thirty five patients underwent DSRA (Warren's operation) followed by a mesenteric disconnection procedure. Eleven patients (10%) died (nine Child B and two Child A), including two after an emergency shunt. The mortality was influenced by age (p less than 0.01) and by the number of previous episodes of ictero-ascitic decompensation (p less than 0.02). A single anastomotic thrombosis was observed; the high flow rate of the anastomoses (mean: 1200 +/- 650 ml/min) explains the high patency rate (more than 90%). Eleven patients developed partial or total thrombosis of the portal trunk less than 6 weeks after the operation. The quality of hepatic perfusion was not significantly influenced by the mesenterico-splenic disconnection and this was omitted in 75 patients. The mesenterico-splenic collateral venous circulation was more developed in the absence of disconnection (p less than 0.05). The long-term actuarial survival was 83% at one year, 53% at five years, 47% at eight years and 28% at ten years. Survival was not influenced by the disconnection. Warren's operation is more difficult to perform than a porto-caval or mesenterico-caval shunt. DSRA appears to have three advantages: 1) a high flow rate as it is arterialised by the splenic artery, 2) hepatopetal portal perfusion maintained for several days, weeks or months, possibly reducing the risk of encephalopathy, 3) the absence of dissection of the hepatic pedicle preserves the possibilities of liver transplantation.
Comparison of Naturally Occurring Vitamin K-Dependent Proteins:  Correlation of Amino Acid Sequences and Membrane Binding Properties Suggests a Membrane Contact Site

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Membrane-binding properties of human and bovine forms of vitamin K-dependent proteins Z, S, and C were characterized. Each of these proteins showed unique properties and interspecies differences that correlated with specific amino acid sequence variations in the amino-terminal 45 residues. Protein Z showed 100-fold slower membrane binding and dissociation kinetics relative to other vitamin K-dependent proteins that have been tested. This property seemed to correlate with an extra gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residue at position 11 of protein Z. The interspecies difference for protein Z consisted of a higher packing density for the bovine protein on the membrane and a 9-fold slower dissociation rate. Higher affinity correlated with Asp at position 34 of bovine protein Z, where the human protein contains Asn. While both protein S species showed high affinity for the membrane, it was significantly greater for the human protein versus bovine protein S. Again, higher affinity correlated with an Asp (vs Asn) at position 34. Protein C was characterized by binding affinities that were 100-1000-fold lower than the other proteins. Low affinity appeared to be related to loss of Gla-32 (homologous to Gla-33 of protein Z). Interspecies differences of protein C appeared to be related to proline at position 10 (homologous to position 11 of protein Z) of bovine protein C, which produced at least 10-fold lower affinity than the human protein. Comparable substitutions at positions homologous to 11, 33, and 34 of protein Z may also underlie membrane binding behaviors of other vitamin K-dependent proteins. The three-dimensional structure of strontium-prothrombin fragment 1 [Seshadri et al. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 1087] shows that these positions are clustered on the protein surface near strontium-8, another possible candidate for membrane contact. A membrane contact mechanism consisting of an isolated protein-lipid ion pair is proposed. Comparison of naturally occurring vitamin K-dependent proteins has provided possible bases for divergent membrane binding and suggested future approaches to determine biological function.