jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cloning, expression and characterization of xylose isomerase from the marine bacterium Fulvimarina pelagi in Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Production of a xylose isomerase (XI) with high tolerance to the inhibitors xylitol and calcium, and high activity at the low pH and temperature conditions characteristic of yeast fermentations, is desirable for a simultaneous isomerization/fermentation process for cellulosic ethanol production. A putative XI gene (xylA) from the marine bacterium Fulvimarina pelagi was identified by sequence analysis of the F. pelagi genome, and was PCR amplified, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The rXI was produced in shake flask and fed‐batch fermentations using glucose as the growth substrate. The optimum pH for rXI was approximately 7, although activity was evident at pH as low as 5.5. The purified rXI had a molecular weight in 160 kDA, a V max of 0.142 U/mg purified rXI, and a K M for xylose in the range of 1.75–4.17 mM/L at pH 6.5 and a temperature of 35°C. The estimated calcium and xylitol K I values for rXI in cell‐free extracts were 2,500 mg/L and >50 mM, respectively. The low K M of the F. pelagi xylose isomerase is consistent with the low nutrient conditions of the pelagic environment. These results indicate that Ca 2+ and xylitol are not likely to be inhibitory in applications employing the rXI from F. pelagi to convert xylose to xylulose in fermentations of complex biomass hydrolysates. A higher V max at low pH (<6) and temperature (30°C) would be preferable for use in biofuels production. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog ., 32:1230–1237, 2016
Ugaritic King List

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[Text Description:] Royal liturgy with ancestral kings ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] KTU 1.113; CAT 1.113; KTU2 1.113; CTU 1.113; RS 24.257 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Excavations at Ras Shamra 1961. Found in South Acropolis, Tablet Chamber, p.t. 3771 at 1.1 m, excavated by Claude F.-A. Schaeffer, Mission Archeologique Francaise. ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet, 6.4 cm. X 5.5 cm.
Optimal Design of a Pharmaceutical Price–Volume Agreement Under Asymmetric Information About Expected Market Size

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Price–volume agreements are commonly negotiated between drug manufacturers and third‐party payers for drugs. In one form a drug manufacturer pays a rebate to the payer on a portion of sales in excess of a specified threshold. We examine the optimal design of such an agreement under complete and asymmetric information about demand. We consider two types of uncertainty: information asymmetry, defined as the payer's uncertainty about mean demand; and market uncertainty, defined as both parties' uncertainty about true demand. We investigate the optimal contract design in the presence of asymmetric information. We find that an incentive compatible contract always exists; that the optimal price is decreasing in expected market size, while the rebate may be increasing or decreasing in expected market size; that the optimal contract for a manufacturer with the highest possible demand would include no rebate; and, in a special case, if the average reservation profit is non‐decreasing in expected market size, then the optimal contract includes no rebates for all manufacturers. Our analysis suggests that price–volume agreements with a rebate rate of 100% are not likely to be optimal if payers have the ability to negotiate prices as part of the agreement.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Enzymatic Resolution of Chiral Auxiliaries‐Enantiomerically Pure trans‐2‐Phenylcyclohexanol and trans‐2‐(α‐Cumyl)cyclohexanol.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Copper(I) catalyzed Grignard reaction of compound (II) and cyclohexene oxide (I) yields the racemic trans‐alcohol (III) which is separated by enantioselective saponification of its acetate (IV) using commercially avaible PLAP (pig liver acetone powder), producing pure enantiomeres (‐)‐(III) and (+)‐(III).
Effects of juice pH and potassium on juice and wine quality, and regulation of potassium in grapevines through rootstocks (Vitis): a short review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In warm irrigated regions of Australia (such as Sunraysia), pH of grape juice often tends to be high (e.g. > 3.8). A high juice pH is undesirable for the production of quality wines as it results in wines of low quality for example, reduced colour stability and poor taste. Such a high juice pH is typically associated with a high concentration of K in the juice, depending on the scion, rootstock and location. Potassium is an essential nutrient and plant genotypes, including grapevines, differ in the accumulation of K in plant and/or plant parts. This difference in the accumulation of K by genotypes can be exploited to manipulate the concentration and content of K in plants, berries in particular for example, through selection and use of low K accumulating rootstocks to overcome the high pH affects. This paper briefly reviews the effects of juice pH and on juice and wine quality, and the role and effect of rootstocks in the regulation of K in grapevine. This will provide a basic knowledge about the current research and key future research needed for the maintenance of acceptable quality of grape juice and wine through use of rootstocks.
Computer simulation of electrophoretic aspects of enantiomer migration and separation in capillary electrochromatography with a neutral selector

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A computer simulation study describing the electrophoretic separation and migration of methadone enantiomers in presence of free and immobilized (2‐hydroxypropyl)‐β‐CD is presented. The 1:1 interaction of methadone with the neutral CD was simulated by using experimentally determined mobilities and complexation constants for the complexes in a low‐pH BGE comprising phosphoric acid and KOH. The use of complex mobilities represents free solution conditions with the chiral selector being a buffer additive, whereas complex mobilities set to zero provide data that mimic migration and separation with the chiral selector being immobilized, that is CEC conditions in absence of unspecific interaction between analytes and the chiral stationary phase. Simulation data reveal that separations are quicker, electrophoretic displacement rates are reduced, and sensitivity is enhanced in CEC with on‐column detection in comparison to free solution conditions. Simulation is used to study electrophoretic analyte behavior at the interface between sample and the CEC column with the chiral selector (analyte stacking) and at the rear end when analytes leave the environment with complexation (analyte destacking). The latter aspect is relevant for off‐column analyte detection in CEC and is described here for the first time via the dynamics of migrating analyte zones. Simulation provides insight into means to counteract analyte dilution at the column end via use of a BGE with higher conductivity. Furthermore, the impact of EOF on analyte migration, separation, and detection for configurations with the selector zone being displaced or remaining immobilized under buffer flow is simulated. In all cases, the data reveal that detection should occur within or immediately after the selector zone.
Microbiological profile of biliary tract infections

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background and objectives: Bacterial infection of biliary tract may cause severe inflammatory response or sepsis.An immediate bile culture and appropriate antibiotic administration are important to control the biliary tract infection.The objective of the study was to study the microbial profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in patients with biliary tract infection.Materials and methods: Fifty suspected cases of biliary tract infection admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology were enrolled.Bile samples from these patients were aseptically collected and sent to the Department of Microbiology.Samples were processed in automated BACTEC or BacT/ALERT system.Further identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by VITEK-2 system.Results: Of the 50 suspected cases of biliary tract infection, the majority were male patients and in the age group of 51-60 years.Growth was obtained in 22 (44%) bile samples.The organisms obtained were Escherichia coli (40%), Klebsiella spp.(20%), Pseudomonas spp.(16%), and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (8%).All Gram negative isolates were susceptible to tigecycline and colistin.A high susceptibility was seen to amikacin and carbapenems while low susceptibility was seen to others.All the Gram positive organisms were sensitive to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid with low sensitivity to penicillin.Interpretation and conclusion: E. coli is the most common organism isolated from bile.Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns require a revision of empiric antibiotic therapy policy in cholangitis.Early detection and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is important to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with bile fluid infections.
Rights of persons with disabilities in the light of international conventions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Persons with disabilities, as a significant part of human society, face many challenges and limitations due to physical and mental limitations, which cause a large part of their human rights to be ignored or violated. In order to recognize the rights of persons with disabilities, international conventions such as the Convention on the rights of the child and the Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities have been adopted, each of which defines parts of the rights of persons with disabilities. Since the most important challenge in the lives of persons with disabilities is the unjust and widespread discrimination against them in society, it is intended to examine some of the rights of persons with disabilities, such as social rights, the right to rehabilitation, the right to work, housing and education which has been addressed in international documents and conventions relating to persons with disabilities.
Penilaian Hasil Dipstik Urine (Nitrit Dan Leukosit Esterase) Sebagai Prediktor Bakteriuria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bacteriuria is the leading indicator of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), which is detected through urine culture examination. Significant bacteriuria indicates the growth of microorganisms as much as ≥ 100,000 cfu/ml in urine culture. There are drawbacks to this examination that requires a screening test with a short time and lower cost. This study aimed to determine differences in the results of nitrite and leukocyte esterase examination using a urine dipstick with urine culture as a predictor of bacteriuria. The type of research used is analytic with an experimental approach. The sample used in this study was ten samples of urine. Based on the bivariate analysis results, the p-value was 0.541, which means that there was no difference in the results of leukocyte esterase and urine culture. This indicates the presence of leukocytes in the urine can be an indication of bacteriuria. The results for the nitrite examination obtained a p-value of 0.000, which means there is a difference between the results of the nitrite examination and the results of the urine culture. This shows that the presence of nitrites in the urine cannot indicate of bacteriuria. However the data on the sensitivity and specificity of dipstick examination are still low for leukocyte esterase and urine nitrite tests. However, urine dipstick examination to detect bacteriuria and UTI is still an option for faster screening. Keywords : leukocyte esterase, nitrites, urine culture
Comparison of the Thin-Layer Chromatographic Behavior of the Dimethylnitrodiphenates on Alumina and Silica Gel. Stereochemical Factors

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The chromatographic behavior of unhindered (4-nitro-, 4,4′-dinitro-) and hindered (6-nitro, 4,6-dinitro-, 6,6′-dinitro-) dimethylnitrodiphenates were compared by thin-layer techniques on alumina and silica gel. The two adsorbents gave different ordering of the compounds. Separation on alumina seems to depend upon the electron density and steric configuration of the nitro-group while separation on silica seems to be restricted to steric configuration.
Dynamical epidemic suppression using stochastic prediction and control

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the effects of noise on a model of epidemic outbreaks, where the outbreaks appear. randomly. Using a constructive transition approach that predicts large outbreaks, prior to their occurrence, we derive an adaptive control. scheme that prevents large outbreaks from occurring. The theory inapplicable to a wide range of stochastic processes with underlying deterministic structure.
Species of the genus Pratylenchus Filip'jev, 1936 (Nematoda : Tylenchida) from Cameroon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Quatre especes deja connues de Pratylenchus-P. brachyurus (Godfrey, 1929) Filip'ev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941; P. goodeyi Sher & Allen, 1953; P. scribneri Steiner, 1943; P. sefaensis Fortuner, 1973 ― ont ete extraites d'echantillons de sols provenant de la rhizosphere de plantes cultivees en differents endroits de la region ouest du Cameroun. L'identification specifique n'a cependant pas ete facile. La population de P. goodeyi du Cameroun ne possede que trois anneaux cephaliques au lieu de quatre. La population de P. sefaensis du Cameroun montre une extremite caudale tres variable ― au lieu d'une extremite typiquement arrondie ― et un champ lateral forme d'une large bande parcourue de lignes irregulieres ou bien une paire de lignes internes faiblement marquees ― au lieu de quatre a cinq lignes
Ethnicity as a modifier of the association between breastfeeding and distal sensory polyneuropathy in postmenopausal obese women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: We aimed to examine whether ethnicity moderates the association between breastfeeding and distal sensory polyneuropathy in postmenopausal obese women in the United States. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, postmenopausal obese women aged 40 and over were included. Women with major chronic diseases, foot amputation, or insufficient health information were excluded. Distal sensory polyneuropathy was measured using a 10-g monofilament test, and self-reported breastfeeding data were collected based on responses to a brief questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between breastfeeding and distal sensory polyneuropathy, as well as the modifying effect of ethnicity on this association. Results: Among 767 eligible women, breastfeeding was a protective factor for distal sensory polyneuropathy [adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.24, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.08–0.78; p = 0.019]. Upon adjusting the significant two-way interaction of ethnicity with breastfeeding, a significant reduction in the odds was observed (adjusted OR = 0.02, 95 % CI 0.003–0.17; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The association between breastfeeding and distal sensory polyneuropathy varied by ethnicity, with a strong protective effect observed in Hispanic women. These findings highlight the need for further research and tailored public health strategies in diverse populations.
SR‐BI & PCPE2: Friends or Foes in Adipocyte Cholesterol Transport?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Obesity continues to be an epidemic in the United States, placing individuals at a higher risk of developing other comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Specialized cells called adipocytes accumulate excess triglycerides and undergo hypertrophic expansion as a protective mechanism to avoid lipotoxicity and organ failure. Since adipocytes have a reduced ability to synthesize their own cholesterol, they rely heavily on circulating lipoproteins for their cholesterol supply to support membrane expansion. Scavenger receptor BI (SR‐BI) is believed to be important in the adipocyte cholesterol delivery process, as this integral membrane protein is the primary receptor for high‐density lipoproteins (HDL) and regulates bi‐directional cholesterol transport. Collaborative studies demonstrated that SR‐BI‐mediated HDL‐cholesteryl ester (HDL‐CE) uptake in the liver requires the extracellular matrix protein procollagen C‐endopeptidase enhancer 2 (PCPE2). These published studies have prompted a novel hypothesis that PCPE2 facilitates SR‐BI's cholesterol transport functions to regulate adipocyte cholesterol homeostasis. To test our hypothesis, we have replicated an adipocyte model system where ear mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) isolated from the outer ears of mice can be differentiated into adipocytes and further used to study cholesterol transport in vitro . We validated our adipocyte model system by Oil Red O staining, mRNA expression of adipogenesis markers (PPARγ, LPL, FABP4, cEBP2α), and adiponectin secretion over the 9‐day post‐differentiation period in wild‐type (WT), SR‐BI knock‐out (SR‐BI ‐/‐ ), and PCPE2 ‐/‐ adipocytes. All three genotypes showed increased Oil Red O staining, increased mRNA expression of adipogenesis markers, and increased adiponectin secretion over the post‐differentiation period. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis showed that SR‐BI ‐/‐ and PCPE2 ‐/‐ adipocytes had half the amount of cholesteryl esters compared to WT adipocytes, indicating that there may be disrupted cholesterol transport in the SR‐BI ‐/‐ and PCPE2 ‐/‐ adipocytes. Early pilot data indicate no major changes in cholesterol efflux from [ 3 H]‐cholesterol‐labeled cells to HDL between WT, SR‐BI ‐/‐ , and PCPE2 ‐/‐ adipocytes. Experiments to assess HDL binding and HDL‐CE uptake using double radiolabeled HDL particles ([ 125 I]‐HDL‐[ 3 H]‐CHE) are currently ongoing. Interestingly, using an assay that assesses cholesterol distribution in membranes, we were able to show that loss of PCPE2 causes changes in cholesterol distribution within the membrane, suggesting that it may play a role in lipid raft formation. All together, we are confident that we have developed a unique in vitro adipocyte model system that can help us assess how PCPE2 may impact SR‐BI‐mediated cholesterol delivery.
Dual-Color Monitoring Overcomes the Limitations of Single Bioluminescent Reporters in Fast-Growing Microbes and Reveals Phase-Dependent Protein Productivity during the Metabolic Rhythms of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Luciferase is a useful, noninvasive reporter of gene regulation that can be continuously monitored over long periods of time; however, its use is problematic in fast-growing microbes like bacteria and yeast because rapidly changing cell numbers and metabolic states also influence bioluminescence, thereby confounding the reporter's signal. Here we show that these problems can be overcome in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by simultaneously monitoring bioluminescence from two different colors of beetle luciferase, where one color (green) reports activity of a gene of interest, while a second color (red) is stably expressed and used to continuously normalize green bioluminescence for fluctuations in signal intensity that are unrelated to gene regulation. We use this dual-luciferase strategy in conjunction with a light-inducible promoter system to test whether different phases of yeast respiratory oscillations are more suitable for heterologous protein production than others. By using pulses of light to activate production of a green luciferase while normalizing signal variation to a red luciferase, we show that the early reductive phase of the yeast metabolic cycle produces more luciferase than other phases.
MHS 2000, proceedings of 2000 International Symposium on Micromechatronics and Human Science, Nagoya Congress Center, October 22-25, 2000

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Miniaturization Technology Micromechatronics Microrobotics Micro Sensors and Actuators Micro Integrated Devices and Systems Micro Power Source and Supply Data Transmission and Communication Micromachining and Microfabrication Technology Micro Assembly Technology Nano Technology Intelligent Control Human Interface Human Science Artificial Life Virtual Reality Multi Media Software Aspects Network Based Robotic System Multiple Distributed Robots Swarm Intelligence.
Are green walls a suitable environmental compensation in densifying cities? Quantifying the urban microclimate effects at the pedestrian level in Sao Paulo

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In the city of Sao Paulo, green spaces are few and uneven. Between 2015-2018, to increase greenery, the municipality promoted green walls as an environmental compensation solution for the loss of urban trees. This study aimed to quantify the impact of these green façades on urban microclimate at the pedestrian level, considering the following variables: air temperature, air humidity, and mean radiant temperature. We reviewed local planning documents and the microclimatic performance of green wall technologies, establishing the effects of wall greening based on simulations — using the ENVI-met V4 Science model. Although the main difference was measured 15 cm far from the walls’ surface, the 60 cm away differences from the green wall were insignificant. The results indicate: (a) the impact of the green walls on outdoor microclimates at the pedestrian level is minimum, and (b) Sao Paulo’s policy for environmental compensation using green walls was poorly supported by scientific evidence. Therefore, green walls are a highly questionable alternative for environmental compensation from the perspective of urban microclimate. As much as promoting green walls for potential benefits is desirable, they are unsuitable to compensate the range of ecosystem services lost by the elimination of trees.
THE EFFECTS OF HIPPOCAMPAL AND PYRIFORM ABLATIONS ON THE FORMATION OF MEMORY IN THE CAT (WITH APPENDIX ON ABLATION TECHNIQUES).

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A review of the literature indicates that hippocampal ablation interferes with the post-operative acquisition of unfamiliar problems, but does not interfere with the retention of pre-operatively learned problems. This evidence from the literature is consistent with the hypothesis that the hippocampal region is essential for the formation of memory, but not for its storage or recall. This hypothesis was tested experimentally by use of another experimental design. The learning abilities of ablated and normal cats were compared on problems with familiar and unfamiliar cues. The operated animals were inferior to the normal animals on the problems with unfamiliar cues (p < 0.041) but not on the problems with familiar cues (p < 0.197). The literature reviewed and these experimental results both strongly suggest that the hippocampi and/or pyriform cortices contain basic parts of the memory forming mechanism, but do not contain essential parts of the memory storage or recall mechanisms. (Author)
Intravascular device-related research: Future priority areas for cancer nursing [Guest Editorial]

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

The majority of cancer nurses have to manage intravascular devices (IVDs) on a daily basis, thus placing nurses in the strongest position to generate and use best available evidence to inform this area of practice and to ensure that patients are receiving the best care available. Our literature clearly reflects that cancer nurses are concerned about complications associated with IVDs (eg, extravasation,1 IVD-related bloodstream infection [IVD-BSI],2,3 and thrombosis4). Although enormous attention is given to this area, a number of nursing practices are not sufficiently based on empirical evidence.5,6 Nurses need to set goals and priorities for future research and investments. Priority areas for future research are suggested here for your consideration.