jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Extra tyrosine in the carbohydrate-binding module of Irpex lacteus Xyn10B enhances its cellulose-binding ability

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The xylanase (Xyn10B) that strongly adsorbs on microcrystalline cellulose was isolated from Driselase. The Xyn10B contains a Carbohydrate-binding module family 1 (CBM1) (IrpCBMXyn10B) at N-terminus. The canonical essential aromatic residues required for cellulose binding were conserved in IrpCBMXyn10B; however, its adsorption ability was markedly higher than that typically observed for the CBM1 of an endoglucanase from Trametes hirsuta (ThCBMEG1). An analysis of the CBM-GFP fusion proteins revealed that the binding capacity to cellulose (7.8 μmol/g) and distribution coefficient (2.0 L/μmol) of IrpCBMXyn10B-GFP were twofold higher than those of ThCBMEG1-GFP (3.4 μmol/g and 1.2 L/μmol, respectively), used as a reference structure. Besides the canonical aromatic residues (W24-Y50-Y51) of typical CBM1-containing proteins, IrpCBMXyn10B had an additional aromatic residue (Y52). The mutation of Y52 to Ser (IrpCBMY52S-GFP) reduced these adsorption parameters to 4.4 μmol/g and 1.5 L/μmol, which were similar to those of ThCBMEG1-GFP. These results indicate that Y52 plays a crucial role in strong cellulose binding.
[Isolation and detection of murine transplantable breast tumor antigen by McAb F36/22].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A transplantable murine breast tumor antigen (called JC tumor) has been recognized by the detection of McAb F36/22 with the method of immunoblotting. JC tumor antigen was isolated by Sepharose-CL-4B, then was purified by McAb F36/22 affinity chromatography. Solid phase RIA detection demonstrated that the specific activity of the antigen which was purified by 188.4 times was 148,000 cpm/mg protein. SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis revealed that the tumor antigen possessed a molecular weight of 60kd. Competitive binding RIA indicated that JC tumor antigen inhibited the combining of ductal carcinoma antigen with McAb F36/22. It implied that some groups (antigen determinant) on JC tumor antigen were the same as or similar to those on ductal cancer antigen.
Management of postoperative fecal incontinence by pediatric surgeons in Nigeria: a pilot study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Fecal incontinence is a challenging problem in pediatric surgical practice as it occurs in 25 to 50% of patients who have undergone surgery for anorectal malformation and in 5 to 23% after transanal pull-through for Hirschsprung disease. Fecal incontinence impacts on the quality of life of patients; hence, it is important that optimum management is instituted. The management of fecal incontinence in children in sub-Saharan Africa is largely unreported. The study, therefore, evaluated the management practices regarding fecal incontinence by pediatric surgeons in Nigeria. Results A total of 37 pediatric surgeons participated in the cross-sectional pilot study. The mean length of practice as specialists was 9.7 (± 7.8) years. The majority, 33 (89.2%), were males; 23 (62.2%) were ≤ 45 years of age, and 14 (37.8%) had practiced as consultant pediatric surgeons for ≥ 10 years. When presented with a patient with anorectal malformation and recto-bladder neck fistula or Hirschsprung disease who developed fecal incontinence after surgery, 25 (67.6%) and 22 (59.5%), respectively, will combine modalities in managing the patient. Bowel management (81.1% and 83.8% respectively) was the most commonly selected option of managing postoperative fecal incontinence. Other options selected for the management of postoperative fecal incontinence were as follows: examination under anesthesia (43.2% and 37.8%), constipating diet (43.2% and 35.1%), re-operation (24.3% and 27.0%), and diverting colostomy (21.6% and 16.2%) for anorectal malformation and Hirschsprung disease respectively. There were no statistically significant associations between the length of practice as specialist pediatric surgeons and the selection of single vs. multiple treatment options for a patient with fecal incontinence after surgery either for anorectal malformation or Hirschsprung disease. Conclusions A combination of modalities will be adopted by at least 60% of pediatric surgeons in Nigeria to manage postoperative pediatric fecal incontinence with bowel management favored by over 80% of specialists surveyed.
Azadirachtin blocks the calcium channel and modulates the cholinergic miniature synaptic current in the central nervous system of Drosophila

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Azadirachtin is a botanical pesticide, which possesses conspicuous biological actions such as insecticidal, anthelmintic, antifeedancy, antimalarial effects as well as insect growth regulation. Deterrent for chemoreceptor functions appears to be the main mechanism involved in the potent biological actions of Azadirachtin, although the cytotoxicity and subtle changes to skeletal muscle physiology may also contribute to its insecticide responses. In order to discover the effects of Azadirachtin on the central nervous system ( CNS ), patch‐clamp recording was applied to Drosophila melanogaster , which has been widely used in neurological research . RESULTS Here, we describe the electrophysiological properties of a local neuron located in the suboesophageal ganglion region of D. melanogaster using the whole brain. The patch‐clamp recordings suggested that Azadirachtin modulates the properties of cholinergic miniature excitatory postsynaptic current ( mEPSC ) and calcium currents, which play important roles in neural activity of the CNS . The frequency of mEPSC and the peak amplitude of the calcium currents significantly decreased after application of Azadirachtin . CONCLUSION Our study indicates that Azadirachtin can interfere with the insect's CNS via inhibition of excitatory cholinergic transmission and partly blocking the calcium channel. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
A Study on the Application of Project Management Practices to Higher Education Management in Brazilian Federal Institutes and Universities

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Projects play an important role in organizations. Studies conducted by project management associations since its inception in the 1960s have indicated a growing use of project management techniques within companies worldwide. Brazilian government applies these practices into the Federal Institutes and Universities, to offer and manage research and extension projects. These institutions have defined an Institutional Development Plan to support teaching, research and extension activities. The Institutional Development Plan is designed to run in a period of four years. This work investigated in the Institutional Development Plans of the institutions located in the state capitals, the use of the following project management terms: objective, goal, indicator, dimension, guideline, axis, project, program. It has been found that not all terms are used, either in isolation or related. According to good practices, it would be recommended that at least the basic terms (objective, goal and indicator) were used in a related way, and preferably also the other terms should be used. This would imply a reevaluation and change in the way plans are elaborated. The terms “project management” and PMO were also searched and it was found that few institutions use them.
[Regeneration and functional restoration of vestibular hair cells in guinea pigs after gentamicin damage].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

To investigate the possibility of regeneration and functional restoration of vestibular hair cells after toxic destruction, gentamicin (150 mg/kg per day) was given to guinea pigs subcutaneously for 10 days to induce damage of vestibular hair cells. The control animals received the same volume of saline. At 2, 4, 12 and 24 weeks after the treatment, animals were sacrificed and their vestibular organs prepared for scanning electronic microscopic study. Change of the hair cell density was studied using quantitative analysis techniques. Electronystagmogram, induced with ice water, was taken before and at 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the treatment. Immature stereocillia bundles were noticed in regions with heavy hair cell loss in the utricle and crista ampullaris 2 weeks after treatment and were still visible 24 weeks after the treatment. Hair cell density (number of hair cells/100 microns basilar membrane length) decreased significantly at 12 weeks after treatment as compared with the control (P < 0.01), and showed partial recovery at 24 weeks after treatment as compared with 12 weeks after treatment (P < 0.05) which was still below normall level (P < 0.05). Vmean showed significant reduction at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment (P < 0.01), and recovery at 24 weeks (P < 0.05), which was still below the normal level (P < 0.01). SEM results indicated the potential of repair of vestibular hair cells in guinea pigs after damage which may occur 24 weeks after the damage. Quantitative analysis of hair cell density further suggests that regeneration is the mechanism of repair. The regenerated hair cells seen in this study may play a role in the restoration of vestibular function.
Eliciting artefacts: How participants co-construct artefacts as relevant in the social and semiotic organisation of activity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper we focus on artefacts as they are actually mobilised and co-constructed by participants in interaction. By tackling a video-recorded empirical case1 we show how young children make artefacts relevant in the social and semiotic organisation of a baking activity. Our previously designed methodological tool Joint Screen2 allows us to grasp and to visualise the emergent and/or continuous co-constructed relevance of the artefacts in its phenomenological depth in time and space. In the observed processes the children mobilise various artefacts to realise a task. In our analyses we focus on an illustrated recipe and on the continuously transforming dough as eliciting artefacts. We could observe how the children’s "prior knowledge" about doing using artefacts is situatedly displayed through the mobilisation and transformation of the artefacts. Analysing the children’s negotiated responsive comprehension of the literacy artefact in its materialization allows us to point out how the artefacts and the children’s multimodal embodied orientations to ‘what is next to do’ are intertwined. Thus this paper provides an opportunity to present and to discuss the complex mutually co-constructed interrelationship between artefacts and participants in its deepened around view visualisation by Joint Screen.
THE EFFECT OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING THROUGH ART PERFORMANCE ON STUDENT LEARNING MOTIVATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose: Students’ in participating in art learning with art performances need motivation to be able to learn and achieve optimal learning outcomes. One of the learning strategies that can increase learning motivation with the presence of art performances can use Project Based Learning (PBL). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Project Based Learning through art performances on student learning motivation. Research methods: The research method uses experimental research methods with a one-shot case study design. Participants in this study were 79 students’ of the PIAUD Department, State Islamic University Sunan Gunung Djati, Bandung. The research instrument used a student learning motivation questionnaire. The data analysis technique used one-sample t test. Findings: The results of the study concluded that there was an effect of PBL through art performances on students' learning motivation. Implications: Using PBL can provide motivation to learn and solve problems in participating in learning.
The Theory of Definition in Šarḥ al-Kāfiya by Raḍī l-Dīn al-ʾAstarābāḏī

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Raḍī l-Dīn al-ʾAstarābāḏī (d. ca. 1289) seems to be different from other Arab grammarians; I claim that the unique character of his Šarḥ al-Kāfiya can be explained, at least partially, by influences from other Islamic sciences, especially logic. Although such influences can also be found in earlier grammarians' writings, in Šarḥ al-Kāfiya they are particularly strong, so much so as to often make the understanding of the text difficult or impossible without acquaintance with other Islamic sciences. This point can be demonstrated by investigating al-ʾAstarābāḏī's multiple discussions on definitions. The current article surveys the following subjects related to the theory of definition in Šarḥ al-Kāfiya: various types of definitions (ḥadd ḥaqīqī, ḥadd rasmī, ḥadd lafẓī), the structure of a complete definition (jins+faṣl), and criteria for a complete definition: coextensiveness and conversion, separate definitions for separate concepts, an accurate formulation and avoiding circularity. I use treatises by al-Ġazālī and Ibn Sīnā to elucidate some terms and arguments in Šarḥ al-Kāfiya, that are unclear otherwise.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FLAVONOID COMPOUND EXTRACTIRE ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION EXTRACTED FROM THE RHIZOMES FINGERROOT OF <i>(Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlecht) (Zingiberaceae)</i>

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlecht is one of fingerroot plant in ginger family (Zingiberaceae). The rhizomes of the plant contained a lot of secondary metabolites compounds. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to isolate and identify the flavonoid compound from the plant. The rhizomes were extracted with metanol continued by partition using ethyl acetate-water (1:1). The ethyl acetate extract was chromatographed on a column of Si gel (Vacuum Liquid Chromatography and Gravitation Column Chromatography) using n-hexane-ethyl acetate (5:2) as eluents. Further purification by recristalization using benzene produced a compound as yellow powder (16 mg) having melting point of 294-295 oC. The spectra of isolated compound were determined by spectroscopic UV-Vis, FT-IR, and GC-MS. Spectrum UV-Vis of the isolated compound showed ultraviolet absorption at λmax (MeOH, nm) 290 and 322; λmax (MeOH+NaOH, nm) 322; λmax (MeOH+AlCl3, nm) 309; λmax (MeOH+AlCl3+HCl, nm) 310; λmax (MeOH+NaOAc, nm) 322 and λmax (MeOH+NaOAc+H3BO3, nm) 290. Its FT-IR spectrum represented a number of absorption lied on νmax (cm-1) : 3142.5; 3012.6; 2893; 2345.3; 1631.7; 1585.4; 1357.8; 1168.8; and 825.5. GC-MS spectrum of the isolated compound exhibited an [M]+ ion peak at m/z = 256 with retention time of 22,579. Based on the results of spectrum analysis it can be concluded that the compound is 5,7-dyhydroxyflavanone. Keywords: 5,7-dyhydroxyflavanone, Boesenbergia pandurata, ethyl asetat, fingerroot
Chinese University Students' Metacognitive Strategy Use in Language Acquisition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Since the introduction of flipped learning, it has drawn much attention and enjoyed increasing popularity. This study attempts to investigate Chinese English majors' metacognitive strategy use in a flipped environment and the influencing factors of metacognitive strategy use. Thirty-five subjects were asked to study the assigned online course video lectures out of class and participate in activities demanding the application of acquired knowledge. Students' metacognitive strategy use and factors influencing their use were analyzed based on the data collected from written reflections, interviews, and classroom observations. Findings indicate that 1) planning, self-monitoring, self-evaluation, directed attention, and selective attention are students' main employed metacognitive strategies in and out of the flipped classroom; 2) factors influencing students' metacognitive strategy use consist of students' desired learning outcomes and group learning; and 3) students' self-control over learning pace in the flipped context further motivates their use of diverse metacognitive strategies.
Recurrent HSV-1 corneal lesions in rabbits induced by cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ocular shedding and recurrent corneal epithelial lesions were assessed following an intravenous injection of cyclophosphamide (75 mg/kg) and 24 hr later an intravenous injection of dexamethasone (4 mg/kg) in 24 eyes of 15 rabbits latently infected with HSV-1 strain McKrae. Sampling for HSV-1 ocular shedding and epithelial lesion began on the day after cyclophosphamide injection and continued for 8 consecutive days. Ocular tear film was collected on a Dacron swab with care taken to avoid swabbing the corneal epithelium. Slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination was used to observe and characterize induced HSV-1 corneal epithelial lesions as deep punctate keratitis, dendritic keratitis or geographic epithelial defects. The ratio of positive days of epithelial lesions per total days was 82/187 (44%). There were 32 deep punctate lesions, 17 dendritic lesions, and 33 geographic epithelial defects. The ratio of positive swabs per total swabs was 78/187 (42%). Of the 82 positive lesion days, 54 (66%) were associated with a positive swab. Of the 78 positive swabs, 54 (69%) were associated with an epithelial lesion. Of the 54 days of both positive lesion and swab, 16 (30%) were associated with a dendritic lesion. By chi-square analysis, there was a significant association between HSV-1 swabs and HSV-1 lesions (P less than 0.001). These results confirm that intravenous injections of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone induce both HSV-1 ocular shedding and recurrent herpes simplex corneal lesions in rabbits latently infected with HSV-1 strain McKrae.
Facilities: Synchrotron source accelerates

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, France, has successfully confined an electron beam in its main storage ring for the first time – roughly six months ahead of schedule. According to ESRF director-general, Ruprecht Haensel, this will extend the European facility's lead over the US Advanced Photon Source at Argonne to about two years, and give a four-year head start over the SPring-8 synchrotron in Tsukuba, Japan (Physics World November 1991 p7). Construction on the twelve-nation FF 2.6bn (at 1987 prices; £275m) X-ray source began in January 1990.
Performance improvement in decentralized adaptive control: a modified model reference scheme

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new decentralized model reference adaptive controller is proposed for a continuous time large scale system composed of N interconnected linear subsystems with unknown parameters. In the case where the high frequency gains of the transfer functions of each of the isolated subsystems is known, the new scheme can be used to improve the band transient behavior that typically results from poor knowledge of the subsystem parameters. It is shown that the transient performance improvement has to be traded off against the size of the allowable unmodeled interconnections in such a way that as the unmodeled interconnections disappear, the improvement in transient performance can be made arbitrary. Since each local adaptive scheme uses approximate differentiators, the presence of high frequency sensor noise may impose additional limitations on the effectiveness of the new scheme.< >
New Wine in Old Bottles: Prolonging Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of Crown Ethers by Supramolecular Interactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Supramolecular macrocyclic hosts have long been used in smart materials. However, their triplet emission and regulation at crystal level is rarely studied. Herein, ultralong and universal room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is reported for traditional crown ethers. A supramolecular strategy involving chain length adjustment and morphological locking through complexation with K + was explored as a general method to tune the phosphorescence lifetime in the solid state. A maximum 10‐fold increase of lifetime after complex formation accompanied with by invisible to visible phosphorescence was achieved. A deep encryption based on this activated RTP strategy was also facilely fabricated. This work thus opens a new world for supramolecular macrocycles and their intrinsic guest responsiveness offers a new avenue for versatile smart luminescent materials.
sj-docx-1-pie-10.1177_09544089231167766 - Supplemental material for Effects of welding parameters on tensile properties and failure modes of resistance spot welded DC01 steel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pie-10.1177_09544089231167766 for Effects of welding parameters on tensile properties and failure modes of resistance spot welded DC01 steel by Muhammed Elitas in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering
CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY TO WATER (LONG-PORE EFFECT)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A mathematical model describing the passage of water through the long narrow pores of a membrane is presented. An interaction between the opposing unidirectional flows of molecules was observed. Equations were obtained for unidirectional flow of water through a membrane. The ratios obtained agree essentially with the experimental data provided by a number of writers on the passage of water through natural membranes and explain the difference in the values for water permeability of membranes obtained from osmotic and isotope experiments. (Author)
An analysis of cosmological perturbations in hydrodynamical and field representations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Density fluctuations of fluids with negative pressure exhibit decreasing time\nbehaviour in the long wavelength limit, but are strongly unstable in the small\nwavelength limit when a hydrodynamical approach is used. On the other hand, the\ncorresponding gravitational waves are well behaved. We verify that the\ninstabilities present in density fluctuations are due essentially to the\nhydrodynamical representation; if we turn to a field representation that lead\nto the same background behaviour, the instabilities are no more present. In the\nlong wavelength limit, both approachs give the same results. We show also that\nthis inequivalence between background and perturbative level is a feature of\nnegative pressure fluid. When the fluid has positive pressure, the\nhydrodynamical representation leads to the same behaviour as the field\nrepresentation both at the background and perturbative levels.\n
Clinical analysis for 25 cases of primary malignant lymphoma in gastrointestinal tract

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To discuss the clinical symptoms of primary malignant lymphoma in gastrointestinal tract. Methods The cases of 25 patients with primary malignant lymphoma in gastrointestinal tract from January 2010 and January 2012 were reviewed and analyzed.Their illness features,the common points between endoscopic examination and biopsy were analyzed,which was compared with the pathological mechanism after the operation and serves as the basis for clinical treatment.Results All the patients had the symptoms of fever,marasmus,abdominal mass,abdominal pain and hemorrhage of digestive tract,etc.After the endoscopic examination,14 patients had lesions in their stomach (8 cases in corpora ventriculi and 6 cases in gastric antrum);11 patients in their intestines (4 cases in intestinum tenue,5 cases in colon,2 cases in ileum and caecum);9 patients had single lesions and 16 patients had multiple lesions;11 patients had protruding lesions, 4 patients had infiltrating lesions, 10 patients had ulcerative lesions;21 patients had malignant lymphoma via the biopsy,which was 84.0% conforming to the pathological mechanism after operation. Conclu- sion The patients with obvious symptoms in gastrointestinal tract shall accept early examination,which will provide scientific clinical basis for diagnosis and treatment.