jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cell membrane vesicles derived from hBMSCs and hUVECs enhance bone regeneration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Bone tissue renewal can be enhanced through co-transplantation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and vascular endothelial cells (ECs). However, there are apparent limitations in stem cell-based therapy which hinder its clinic translation. Hence, we investigated the potential of alternative stem cell substitutes for facilitating bone regeneration. In this study, we successfully prepared cell membrane vesicles (CMVs) from BMSCs and ECs. The results showed that BMSC-derived cell membrane vesicles (BMSC-CMVs) possessed membrane receptors involved in juxtacrine signaling and growth factors derived from their parental cells. EC-derived cell membrane vesicles (EC-CMVs) also contained BMP2 and VEGF derived from their parental cells. BMSC-CMVs enhanced tube formation and migration ability of hUVECs, while EC-CMVs promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in vitro. Using a rat skull defect model, we found that co-transplantation of BMSC-CMVs and EC-CMVs could stimulate angiogenesis and bone formation in vivo. Therefore, our research might provide an innovative and feasible approach for cell-free therapy in bone tissue regeneration.
A comparative study of the auxiliary factors in the superiority of government and non-government schools at the primary level

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A comparative study of the auxiliary factors in the superiority of government and non-government schools at the primary level has been conducted by Kanpur Division in which 120 government primary schools and 120 non-government primary schools total 240. The critical ratio (6) has been used to analyze the data obtained through self-made questionnaire questionnaire data collection sheet to measure the attitudes of 2500 respondents belonging to these schools, then the main conclusion is as follows- (1) Compared to government primary schools, non-government primary schools were found to be superior in terms of conditions, facilities, teacher student ratio, quality schemes, sports facilities, examination results, educational environment, language and mathematical development, overall development, student attendance, number of working days. (2) Teacher qualification, student enrollment (below poverty line), additional barriers to learning, non-discriminatory environment towards students were found to be superior in government primary schools as compared to non-government primary schools.
Imagination, Inference, Intimacy: The Psychology of Pride and Prejudice

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A novel is based on suggestions from which readers construct characters and events in an imagined story world. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen's suggestions derive from 3 sets of cues: (a) characters’ utterances; (b) thoughts of characters, of the narrator, and even of readers; and (c) narrated depictions of settings, characters, actions and events. Tracing people's simulations of stories offers a route into the psychology of imagination, in which readers make inferences about what happens in a story. Austen invites intimacy with readers by metonymy, playfulness, and irony. Her novel does not seek to persuade; it communicates indirectly and with ambiguity. Among psychological effects of literary art such as Pride and Prejudice, readers can become better able to empathize and understand other people, and better able to understand and change themselves. For psychology, imaginative engagement in the simulations of fiction may be as important as empirical findings of causes of behavior.
Data_Sheet_2_Deep Sequencing of MHC-Adapted Viral Lines Reveals Complex Recombinational Exchanges With Endogenous Retroviruses Leading to High-Frequency Variants.pdf

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Experimental evolution (serial passage) of Friend virus complex (FVC) in mice demonstrates phenotypic adaptation to specific host major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotypes. These evolved viral lines show increased fitness and virulence in their host-genotype-of-passage, but display fitness and virulence tradeoffs when infecting unfamiliar host MHC genotypes. Here, we deep sequence these viral lines in an attempt to discover the genetic basis of FVC adaptation. The principal prediction for genotype-specific adaptation is that unique mutations would rise to high frequency in viral lines adapted to each host MHC genotype. This prediction was not supported by our sequencing data as most observed high-frequency variants were present in each of our independently evolved viral lines. However, using a multi-variate approach to measure divergence between viral populations, we show that populations of replicate evolved viral lines from the same MHC congenic mouse strain were more similar to one another than to lines derived from different MHC congenic mouse strains, suggesting that MHC genotype does predictably act on viral evolution in our model. Sequence analysis also revealed rampant recombination with endogenous murine leukemia virus sequences (EnMuLVs) that are encoded within the BALB/c mouse genome. The highest frequency variants in all six lines contained a 12 bp insertion from a recombinant EnMuLV source, suggesting such recombinants were either being favored by selection or were contained in a recombinational hotspot. Interestingly, they did not reach fixation, as if they are low fitness. The amount of background mutations linked to FVC/EnMuLV variable sites indicated that FVC/EnMuLV recombinants had not reached mutation selection equilibrium and thus, that EnMuLV sequences are likely continuously introgressing into the replicating viral population. These discoveries raise the question: is the expression of EnMuLV sequences in mouse splenocytes that permit recombination with exogenous FVC a pathogen or host adaptation?</p>
Postsynaptic Induction and Presynaptic Expression of Group 1 mGluR-Dependent LTD in the Hippocampal CA1 Region

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) with the group I mGluR selective agonist (R,S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) induces a long-term depression (LTD) of excitatory synaptic transmission in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Here we investigated the potential roles of pre- and postsynaptic processes in the DHPG-induced LTD at excitatory synapses onto hippocampal pyramidal cells in the mouse hippocampus. Activation of mGluRs with DHPG, but not ACPD, induced LTD at both Schaffer collateral/commissural fiber synapses onto CA1 pyramidal cells and at associational/commissural fiber synapses onto CA3 pyramidal cells. DHPG-induced LTD was blocked when the G-protein inhibitor guanosine-5′- O-(2-thiodiphosphate) was selectively delivered into postsynaptic CA1 pyramidal cells via an intracellular recording electrode, suggesting that DHPG depresses synaptic transmission through a postsynaptic, GTP-dependent signaling pathway. The effects of DHPG were also strongly modulated, however, by experimental manipulations that altered presynaptic calcium influx. In these experiments, we found that elevating extracellular Ca 2+ concentrations ([Ca 2+ ] o ) to 6 mM almost completely blocked the effects of DHPG, whereas lowering [Ca 2+ ] o to 1 mM significantly enhanced the ability of DHPG to depress synaptic transmission. Enhancing Ca 2+ influx by prolonging action potential duration with bath applications of the K + channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) also strongly reduced the effects of DHPG in the presence of normal [Ca 2+ ] o (2 mM). Although these findings indicate that alterations in Ca 2+ -dependent signaling processes strongly regulate the effects of DHPG on synaptic transmission, they do not distinguish between potential pre- versus postsynaptic sites of action. We found, however, that while inhibiting both pre- and postsynaptic K + channels with bath-applied 4-AP blocked the effects of DHPG; inhibition of postsynaptic K + channels alone with intracellular Cs + and TEA had no effect on the ability of DHPG to inhibit synaptic transmission. This suggests that presynaptic changes in transmitter release contribute to the depression of synaptic transmission by DHPG. Consistent with this, DHPG induced a persistent depression of both AMPA and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated components of excitatory postsynaptic currents in voltage-clamped pyramidal cells. Together our results suggest that activation of postsynaptic mGluRs suppresses transmission at excitatory synapses onto CA1 pyramidal cells through presynaptic effects on transmitter release.
Costs and case-mix in geriatric care in four departments in Stockholm - a pilot study using the RUGSs (RUG-III)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

One of the most difficult problems in health care policy is adjusting payment to activity.Particularly little is known about how resources are allocated to departments of geriatric care. Toinvestigate whether departments of geriatric medicine in Stockholm, Sweden relate their costs tocase-mix, one of the most well-known case-mix systems for geriatric care, the Resource UtilizationGroups, version 3, was applied to all departments of geriatric care in the area. The results showedlarge differences in the costs of the departments. No clear correlation was found between costs,patient turn -over, and case-mix. The implication of the study is that geriatric medicine needs todevelop or adopt existing case-mix systems to be incorporated in payment models that more trulythan today reflect resource use.
Scrutinizing France: collecting and using newspaper intelligence during world war II

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After the fall of France in June 1940, it became crucial for Britain to obtain grass-roots information on her former ally. Newspapers of all types were recognized to be a key source. This article investigates how intelligence material was gathered, analyzed and diffused and how it was used by a large number of government departments. The Royal Institute of International Affairs had set up the Foreign Research Press Service, which played an effective centralizing role. This article also demonstrates that the level of cooperation between the French and British departments was better than usually acknowledged and resulted in well-informed and perceptive reports.
Properties and Application of Aliphatic Polyester Products

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Classification and Properties of Aliphatic Polyesters Poly(α‐hydroxy acid) Poly(β‐hydroxyalkanoate) Poly(ω‐hydroxyalkanoate) Poly(alkylene dicarboxylate) Processability of Aliphatic Polyesters Structural Effects on Biodegradation of Aliphatic Polyester Fibers PCL fiber Poly(butylene succinate) Fiber Poly(lactic) Acid Manufacture of PLA and its Products Key Performance Features Environmental Degradation PLA Products and their Potential Applications Conclusions
Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Jaws: Management and Outcomes in a Tertiary Maxillofacial Surgery Unit

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the management and outcomes over 14 years at a tertiary maxillofacial surgery unit. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients from a Portuguese tertiary center of maxillofacial surgery with histopathologically confirmed diagnoses of chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws between January 2010 and December 2023. Demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment, and progression of the disease were evaluated. Results: Fifty-three patients were included—28 women (52.8%), mean age 55 (95% CI 5–90) years. The mandible was affected in 84.9% (n = 45) of cases. Secondary chronic osteomyelitis was diagnosed in 88.7% (n = 47), with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) being the most common etiology (38.3%). Bacteriological samples were contributory in 52% (n = 13) and 46.1% (n = 6) were resistant to amoxicillin. All received antibiotics for a median time of 27.3 days. Surgical treatment included sequestrectomy (n = 40, 75.5%), marginal (n = 5, 9.4%), and segmental mandibulectomy (n = 8, 15.1%). Clinical remission was achieved in 77.4% (n = 41) of cases with higher success in MRONJ (n = 15, 83.3%) than ORN (n = 4, 57.1%). Conclusions: Almost half of the isolates were amoxicillin-resistant, reinforcing the need for susceptibility testing. Surgical management guided by etiology and disease stage remains essential, with more extensive resection needed in MRONJ and ORN.
The continuum of secondary science teacher preparation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The mission of the Knowles Science Teaching Foundation (KSTF), to increase the quantity of high quality high school science and mathematics teachers in United States High Schools, calls for a deeper understanding of what it takes to prepare and support successful teachers. On September 21, 2006, KSTF convened a group of 41 individuals with a broad range of perspectives and expertise to address three essential questions with regard to secondary science teacher preparation: What do we know, what do we need to fi nd out, and what research will help us fi ll in the gaps? Participants were intentionally selected from a diverse cross section of the education community and included teachers, educational researchers, teacher educators, policy specialists and scientists. The 41 participants formed 12 working groups and spent two and a half days addressing the following aspects of teacher preparation:
Dynamical analysis of bulk viscous cosmological model in F(T) gravity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Bulk viscous cosmological models are presented in the teleparallel ([Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] denotes torsion) gravity. In the teleparallel gravity, the Lagrangian of the gravitational action contains a general function [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are dimensional constants. Cosmological solutions in Eckart theory and Truncated Israel Stewart theory are talked about in [Formula: see text] gravity form which is one of the most generalized gravity forms in the torsional gravity. The substantial and geometrical prospectives of the cosmological models in Eckart theory and Truncated Israel Stewart theory in [Formula: see text] gravity are deliberated for flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker space-time. Dynamical analyses of the fixed points of exponential expansion in [Formula: see text] with bulk viscous cosmological models are studied here. The characteristics of the various cosmological parameters such as bulk viscous pressure, energy density, scale factor, Hubble parameter and entropy evolution are studied in Power law and Exponential models. Stability analysis of the exponential models is also argued with cosmic growth in the relevant theories by using directional plots. The cosmological models are supported by observations results.
Triticum dicoccoides JO 2443

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum dicoccoides
Common name(s): Wild Wheat
Conserved by: National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Jordan
Local sample unique identifier: JO 2443
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1996
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Annex 1 crop
Evaluation of MicroScan MIC panels for detection of oxacillin-resistant staphylococci

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Clinical isolates of staphylococci (420 Staphylococcus aureus isolates and 248 coagulase-negative staphylococci) were tested by both MicroScan MIC panels (MicroScan, West Sacramento, Calif.) and an oxacillin agar screen (Mueller-Hinton agar [Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.] containing 6 micrograms of oxacillin per ml and 4% NaCl) to evaluate the ability of MicroScan to detect oxacillin-resistant strains. MicroScan panels and oxacillin agar screen plates were incubated at 35 degrees C for 24 h and at 30 degrees C for an additional 24 h. Endpoints were recorded at 24 and 48 h. By MicroScan, 23 (5.5%) and 30 (7%) S. aureus isolates and 161 (65%) and 162 (65%) coagulase-negative staphylococci were oxacillin resistant at 24 and 48 h, respectively. At both 24 and 48 h, 23 (5.5%) S. aureus isolates and 162 (65%) coagulase-negative staphylococci were resistant by the oxacillin agar screen. Five strains for which the oxacillin MIC was 2 or 4 micrograms/ml and eight strains resistant to oxacillin only at 48 h were further evaluated by broth macrodilution testing for oxacillin with and without clavulanic acid, by oxacillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid disk diffusion, and by oxacillin agar screen comparing Mueller-Hinton agars purchased from Difco and BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md. By this additional testing, all 10 S. aureus isolates and 1 of 3 coagulase-negative staphylococci examined produced increased amounts of beta-lactamase. One coagulase-negative staphylococcus appeared to be truly intermediately oxacillin susceptible. There was no significant difference in the rate of detection of oxacillin resistance between MicroScan and the agar screen. MicroScan panels should be incubated for 24 h only, because prolonged incubation caused strains producing excessive amounts of beta-lactamase to appear to be falsely oxacillin resistant.
Apparatus for Dissecting Stalks to Evaluate Stem Borer Insect Resistance in Maize

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Measuring tunnel length in stalks is a common method for evaluating resistance against European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) in maize ( Zea mays L.). Infested plants are dissected and tunnel length, attributed to feeding of corn borer larvae, is measured. This is laborious and time‐consuming, thus restricting the number of genotypes that can be evaluated for resistance in breeding programs. An apparatus built mostly of polyvinylchloride (PVC) and spring steel was constructed for dissecting maize stalks. Stalks are pushed by hand through the apparatus and are thus split apart. This apparatus dissects the stalk into two equal parts for measuring stem borer resistance in maize and reduces the time spent for splitting a stalk by =50% compared with conventional methods. The cutter ensures no escapes in investigating tunnel lengths.
Morphological characterization and taxonomic key of tadpoles (Amphibia: Anura) from the northern region of the Atlantic Forest

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Although anuran tadpoles are widely distributed and abundant in tropical aquatic habitats, there is a lack of taxonomic keys for the Atlantic Forest. Herein, we developed a dichotomous key for identifying the tadpoles for all species with known larval phase and already recorded in the Atlantic Forest north of the São Francisco River. We analyzed discrete characteristics of 1,042 tadpoles encompassing 63 species of 28 genera from 32 localities. The user-friendly key includes illustration and pictures, and it is a significant step towards improving our knowledge of tadpoles of the Atlantic Forest.
Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Italian Ryegrass Determined by Liquid Chromatography

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1) フルクトサン蓄積型の牧草の非構造性炭水化物(NSC)の構成糖を定量する方法を検討した.試料は凍結乾燥,粉砕し,80%エタノールにより抽出,残渣をさらに熱水で抽出した.80%エタノール抽出液は液体クロマトグラフィー(硼酸緩衝液-アニオン交換樹脂)により単•二糖類を定量し,残渣の熱水抽出液は比色(アンスロン法)によってフルクトサンを定量した.2) 上記の方法によりイタリアンライグラスの刈取回次,生育期別のNSCの変化を調べ,その構成糖はグルコース(1.0~4.4%),フルクトース(0.7~5.0%),ショ糖(0.3~4.5%),およびフルクトサン(1.2~12.6%)であることを認めた.3) NSCの総量は4.2~21.8%であり,1番草は2,3番草に比べてNSC含量が高く,とくに生育の後期(開花後を除く)に急激に増加した.これは生育初期にはグルコース,フルクトースの含量が高く,生育後期にはフルクトサンの含量が高いためであった.
Text-to-Scene with Large Reasoning Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Prompt-driven scene synthesis allows users to generate complete 3D environments from textual descriptions. Current text-to-scene methods often struggle with complex geometries and object transformations, and tend to show weak adherence to complex instructions. We address these limitations by introducing Reason-3D, a text-to-scene model powered by large reasoning models (LRMs). Reason-3D integrates object retrieval using captions covering physical, functional, and contextual attributes. Reason-3D then places the selected objects based on implicit and explicit layout constraints, and refines their positions with collision-aware spatial reasoning. Evaluated on instructions ranging from simple to complex indoor configurations, Reason-3D significantly outperforms previous methods in human-rated visual fidelity, adherence to constraints, and asset retrieval quality. Beyond its contribution to the field of text-to-scene generation, our work showcases the advanced spatial reasoning abilities of modern LRMs. Additionally, we release the codebase to further the research in object retrieval and placement with LRMs.
Genetic Profile of Primary Brain Tumours and the Degree of Their Resection Versus Survival of Patients Undergoing Surgery and Complementary Oncological Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Recently, the incidence of brain glial tumours has increased significantly worldwide. Gliomas are among the most malignant types of tumours of the central nervous system. Patients diagnosed with glial tumours have a very unfavourable prognosis leading to death, and the course of the disease itself has a negative impact on their physical, mental and social condition. Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the results of histological and genetic tests as well as the degree of resection of primary CNS tumours on the survival of patients undergoing neurosurgery and complementary oncological treatment — pharmacology and radiotherapy. Material and Methods. The research was carried out on the basis of an analysis of medical records (2019–2021) of 63 adult patients from the Department of Neurosurgery of the Specialist Municipal Hospital of Nicolaus Copernicus in Toruń. The study group included patients who had been diagnosed with a primary brain tumour and had undergone neurosurgery and complementary oncological treatment. The analysis of medical documentation consisted in comparing the results of histopathological tests with the results of specialized molecular tests and correlating them with the survival time of patients. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Pearson correlation, statistical inference was made at the significance level of p=0.05. Results. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the presence of MGMT gene promoter methylation (r=0.30, p=0.018) and IDH mutation (r=0.38, p=0.002) correlated positively with survival. The extent of resection also had a significant impact on patient survival (r=0.55, p<0.001). Patients who underwent complete tumour resection survived an average of 19.34 months, while those who underwent biopsy survived for 7.94 months. Conclusions. The data collected during the conducted analyses may be important for the prognosis perspective and the selection of the optimal treatment strategy for both current and future patients. (JNNN 2022;11(4):162–166)
An Investigation of the Commercial Alternative Power Sources for the Counterbalanced Industrial Lift Truck.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : A comparative analysis of four different power sources (gasoline, liquid petroleum gas (LPG), diesel, electric) for 4,000-lb capacity forklift trucks was made for productivity, exhaust emission characteristics, noise levels, energy consumption, reliability, maintainability, operating costs, and safety ramifications. The principal Conclusions reached were: (1) Internal combustion engine (ICE) trucks are more productive than are electric; (2) Diesel was most productive truck; (3) Electric truck was most economical considering only energy costs (diesel was second); (4) All trucks except electric exceeded accepted noise standard; (5) Diesel truck emitted significantly less carbon monoxide (CO) than did gasoline or LGP.