jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
B, N Co‐Doped Three‐Dimensional Carbon Aerogels with Excellent Electrochemical Performance for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Herein, an ordinary and mass‐production approach is reported to synthesize boron (B) and nitrogen (N) co‐doped three‐dimensional (3D) carbon aerogels (CA) by using glucose and borax as the raw materials by a simple hydrothermal method and then carbonization in NH 3 atmosphere. The porous material (BN‐CA‐900) possesses a large specific surface area (1032 m 2 g −1 ) and high contents of doped pyridinic N and graphitic N. The onset potential (0.91 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), half‐wave potential (0.77 V vs. RHE), and current density (5.70 mA cm −2 at 0.2 V vs. RHE) of BN‐CA‐900 for ORR are similar to those of commercial Pt/C, indicating that BN‐CA‐900 has a comparable catalytic activity with Pt/C in alkaline media. The number of electron transfer is 3.86–3.99 and the yield of hydrogen peroxide is less than 6.8 %. BN‐CA‐900 also presents decent catalytic performance in acidic medium. Moreover, the stability and methanol tolerance of BN‐CA‐900 are superior to commercial Pt/C in both alkaline and acidic media. The prepared BN‐CA‐900 is a promising candidate that may be applied in other areas, such as the adsorption of pollution, porous conductive electrodes, and lithium‐ion batteries.
Impact of Therapeutic Treatment with β-Lactam on Transfer of the bla CTX-M-9 Resistance Gene from Salmonella enterica Serovar Virchow to Escherichia coli in Gnotobiotic Rats

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The conjugative transfer of the plasmid carrying the bla CTX-M-9 gene from Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow isolated from a chicken farm to a recipient Escherichia coli strain was evaluated in vitro and in axenic rats inoculated with both strains, with or without selective pressure due to therapeutic doses of cefixime. The transfer of the bla CTX-M-9 gene of S. enterica serovar Virchow to E. coli was confirmed in vitro, at a low frequency of 5.9 × 10 −8 transconjugants/donors. This transfer rate was higher in gnotobiotic rats and reached ∼10 −5 transconjugants/donors without selective pressure. This frequency was not affected by the addition of therapeutic doses of cefixime. Thus, estimates of in vitro transfer underestimated potential transfer in the digestive tract, and therapeutic doses of cefixime did not increase the selection for transconjugants.
What evidence is there that students actually learn anything with the help of case studies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore if there is any evidence that students actually can learn anything with the help of case studies. This study will answer the hypothesis “H” that are constructed as following: “H”. “The case study teaching method is a stimulating method for students to learn in.” Methodology - The method used in this paper is qualitative secondary research from databases. The databases consist of Diva, Google Scholar, Emerald, Web of Science and Scopus. Other secondary research is from research books and books about pedagogy. Implications/Findings - This research study shows that case studies have a positive influence on the student’s engagement and that learning gets more meaningful if the students are more engaged in the learning process. To be more engaged can move the student to a higher level of thinking. Furthermore, case studies enhanced the learning retention in students. Keywords - Student, Evidence, Learning, Case Study, Engagement, Stimulating, Motivation, Influence. Paper type – Research paper.
Genome-wide analysis of sperm DNA methylation from monozygotic twin bulls

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Monozygotic (MZ) twins are of great interest to elucidate the contributions of pre- and postnatal environmental factors on epigenetics in the expression of complex traits and diseases. Progeny testing recently revealed that MZ twin bulls do not necessarily lead to identical genetic merit estimates (i.e. breeding values). Therefore, to explain differences in offspring productivity of MZ twin bulls despite their identical genetic backgrounds, we hypothesised that paternal sperm epigenomes vary between MZ twin bulls. In the present study, semen characteristics and global sperm DNA methylome were profiled for four pairs of MZ twin bulls. Some MZ twin pairs had divergent semen quality (sperm morphology, motility and viability). Comparative genome-wide DNA methylome surveys were performed using methyl-sensitive enrichment and microarray identification. Between 2% and 10% of all probes (400 000) were differentially methylated between MZ twin pairs. In addition, there were 580 loci differentially methylated across all pairs of MZ twins. Furthermore, enrichment analysis indicated a significant enrichment for fertility associated quantitative trait loci (P = 0.033). In conclusion, differences in the sperm epigenome may contribute to incongruous diverging performances of daughters sired by bulls that are MZ twins.
An Evaluation of the Statistical Significance of Hudson’s Acidity Data for 17th & 18th Century. Books in Two Libraries

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Hudson s'attacha, par des methodes statistiques, a evaluer l'influence du milieu ambiant sur l'acidite de documents identiques conserves a differents endroits. Deux bibliotheques furent choisies: la premiere dans l'air pollue de Manchester et la seconde a Chatsworth dans la campagne. Le pH a ete mesure a 3 endroits de la page du document etudie, dans les deux bibliotheques. De cette etude statistique, un modele a ete tire
Analysis of Current Scientific News According to Toulmin Argument Model and Determination of Students’ Argument Levels

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine current scientific news about “Solar System and Beyond” unit, attracting the interest of 7th grade students and to determine students' argument levels. The study used qualitative research approach, 12 students from 7th grade of a secondary school in Kütahya have participated in the research during the spring term of 2017-2018 academic year. This study consisted of two stages and lasted two weeks. Data collection tools were scientific news that students brought to the classroom and “Argumentation Based Science Learning Student Template”. Content analysis was used in the analysis of scientific news. Students’ argument level was determined using ‘Argumentation Evaluation Scale’. The results revealed an increase in the argumentation level of the students after the instruction of the science course in an argumentation-based way. According to the results, it is recommended that teachers carry argumentation-based activities to their classroom environment by using written and visual media.
To Be in Harmony: Chinese American Adolescents’ and Parents’ Bicultural Integration During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Experiences of racial discrimination have been found to be associated with internalizing problems among ethnic–racial minority youth. However, mediating and moderating processes that might explain this association is less well understood. Thus, the present study aimed to examine whether Chinese American adolescents’ bicultural identity integration harmony (BII-Harmony) mediated the association between their experiences of racial discrimination and internalizing behaviors. Furthermore, we examined the moderating role of their parents’ BII-Harmony in this mediation model. Chinese American adolescents ( M age = 13.9 years; SD = 2.3; 48% female) reported their experiences of racial discrimination and BII-Harmony, and their parents ( M age = 46.2 years; SD = 5.2; 81% mothers) reported their BII-Harmony and their children’s internalizing difficulties. Chinese American adolescents’ racial discrimination experiences were negatively associated with BII-Harmony, and in turn, more internalizing problems, but only when their parents also reported low and mean levels of BII-Harmony.
Identification of a Cyanogenetic Growth-Inhibiting Substance in Extracts from Peach Flower Buds

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Certain human sera, including sera from five patients with lupus erythematosus, react with mammalian chromosomes. If chromosomal preparations are exposed first to the serum and then to horse antihuman globulin conjugated with fluorescein, the chromosomes will fluoresce. Sera having this activity appear to react with all the chromosomes of the cell.
The Modelling of Light Absorption and Reflection in a SiOx/Si Structure with Al Nanoparticles for Solar Cells

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the light propagation in a structure consisting of SiOx on Si substrate with Al nanoparticles regularly placed in the SiOx layer is considered. Numerical modelling is performed by solving the Maxwell equations for the electromagnetic waves. In distinction from the well-known finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation technique, we do not solve time-dependent wave equations here; rather, we propose a new numerical technique. This technique allows us to determine the stationary amplitudes of the electromagnetic oscillations directly from the linear algebraic equation system. The obtained results apply to silicon solar cells with an SiOx + Al top layer to maximise their efficiency. We found that 26 nm and 39 nm diameters of spherical Al nanoparticles are nearly optimal for a λ = 435.8 nm wavelength of the incident light. In addition, we evaluated the (nearly) optimal parameters of their placement in the SiOx layer. The results show the possibility of increasing the efficiency of solar cells by increasing the light absorption inside the active Si layer from ≈60% to ≈80%. Future perspectives on the proposed method and its possible applications are discussed.
Evaluation of the Correlation Between Body Mass Index and the Severity of Asthma in Recently Diagnosed Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Asthma and obesity are among diseases that cause several problems and impair quality of life. The concurrence of these diseases, changes in the respiratory physiology, changes associated with obesity and limited activity associated with asthma may cause an interaction between the two conditions. Materials and Methods: We studied the epidemiologic characteristics of all recently diagnosed cases of asthma with no previous treatment who visited the Respiratory Diseases Clinic of the Ghaem Hospital from 2004 to 2007, their Body Mass Indexes (BMI) were calculated and then spirometry was performed in all cases. Results: We studied 232 cases with the mean age of 38.96±12.94 years and the mean BMI of 27.05±4.92. Cough and exertional dyspnea were the most common clinical symptoms. In spirometric evaluations, the mean maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) increased with weight, which was not, however, insignificant. FVC in obese patients was significantly less than in normal weight cases. A significant correlation was not also seen between BMI and FEV1 (r=-0.023, P=0.729). Conclusion: Except for FVC which had a significant correlation with BMI, other studied indices yielded no significant results, which calls for more extensive studies with larger populations. Considering the fact that mild asthma is less common in obese patients, better weight control in asthmatic patients can promote their quality of life and make asthma management more effective.
Approaches to ethical hacking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The ever-changing digital landscape remains more vulnerable than ever with cybersecurity becoming increasingly important to the success of the digital economy and its stakeholders. With models including cloud computing, mobility and IoT systems, understanding how tools and methodologies for security testing have evolved is an important task. In particular, more sophisticated approaches to vulnerability assessment are currently used and necessary to address more complex security vulnerabilities. One of the central tools used in vulnerability testing is penetration testing, along with other techniques that are more broadly classified as ethical hacking. This study addresses the following research questions. (1) What are the current research trends including, current terminology and concepts, used in ethical hacking? (2) What are current challenges and best practices in ethical hacking? (3) In our multiple case-study, how do these findings relate to each case of our three industry case studies in ethical hacking?
Teacher competence training: continuing training and new organizational challenges

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A partir del enfoque de lo que representan las competencias (saberes, saber hacer y saber estar), se hace un planteamiento en relación con la formación de los profesionales de la educación. Esta formación comporta un reto, tanto en relación con la formación inicial como, especialmente, con la formación continuada. El análisis se centra, a partir del planteamiento de las competencias de los profesionales de la educación, en la necesidad de encontrar nuevas formas organizativas que prioricen el «saber hacer» y el «saber estar» como aspectos clave para la mejora de la respuesta educativa en todos los niveles y ante las necesidades de todo el alumnado.
The AMU-UEDIN Submission to the WMT16 News Translation Task:\n Attention-based NMT Models as Feature Functions in Phrase-based SMT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the AMU-UEDIN submissions to the WMT 2016 shared task on\nnews translation. We explore methods of decode-time integration of\nattention-based neural translation models with phrase-based statistical machine\ntranslation. Efficient batch-algorithms for GPU-querying are proposed and\nimplemented. For English-Russian, our system stays behind the state-of-the-art\npure neural models in terms of BLEU. Among restricted systems, manual\nevaluation places it in the first cluster tied with the pure neural model. For\nthe Russian-English task, our submission achieves the top BLEU result,\noutperforming the best pure neural system by 1.1 BLEU points and our own\nphrase-based baseline by 1.6 BLEU. After manual evaluation, this system is the\nbest restricted system in its own cluster. In follow-up experiments we improve\nresults by additional 0.8 BLEU.\n
Techniques for isolation and performance of the perfused guinea pig working heart

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY This study demonstrated new approaches which enabled evaluating the work performance in both ventricles of an isolated guinea pig heart. By changing the right atrial filling pressure ( rafp , preload) from 6 to 20 mm of Hg at a constant aortic pressure (Pa, 20 mm of Hg), cardiac output, stroke volume, aortic flow, coronary flow, cardiac work, O 2 consumption, CO 2 output, as well as end-diastolic ventricular, and pulmonary arterial pressures increased. Cardiac contractility and both ventricular systolic pressures reached peak values between 12 and 14 mm of Hg of rafp and then gradually decreased. With graded increases of Pa (afterload) from 10 to 45 mm of Hg at a fixed rafp (8 mm of Hg), coronary flow, cardiac contractility, cardiac work, cardiac O 2 consumption, glucose utilization rate, and pulmonary arterial and both ventricular systolic pressures increased. Although aortic flow decreased with an increase in Pa, cardiac output, stroke volume, and coronary resistance did not show significant changes. Furthermore, cardiac mechanical efficiency decreased with an increase of pre- or afterload of the perfused isolated heart. These findings indicate that the total working heart model is suitable for studying cardiac functions.
Research Progress on Hepatic Safety of Statins and Rational Selection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Statins safety has attracted considerable attention all along with the wide use of statins in clinic, most of which were elevations in serum aminotransferase levels. Current insufficient recognition of hepatic safety of statins possibly limits the utilization of statins in high risk population of cardiovascular disease. By consulting and analyzing the instructions of statins, related guidelines and literature, the progress on hepatic safety of statins was summarized in order to provide reference for correct understanding of hepatic safety of statins in clinic and rational selection of statins.
[Pharmacologic modifications of renal tubular transport].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Possible mechanisms of transport of substances across renal tubular walls and of drug actions influencing these transports are discussed. The precise mechanisms of action of the majority of compounds which enhance or depress transtubular transports is still unknown. Certain inhibitors of transtubular transports may be competitors of the transported substances for tubular membrane carriers. Examples of changes in transtubular transports induced by drugs are reviewed. In the rat, the combined natriuretic and diuretic effects of furosemide and of compensatory adaptation, i.e. removal of the contralateral kidneys a few hours before the experiments, appear to be hyperadditive. The natriuretic and diuretic effects of acetazolamide are similarly enhanced under the conditions of compensatory adaptation. The data suggest that the natriuretic and diuretic effects of compensatory adaptation, on the one hand, and the diuretic agents, on the other hand, are due to different primary effects on the tubules. Bidirectional transports of uric acid across the walls of proximal convoluted tubules have been demonstrated in all species of animals investigated by micropuncture, microperfusion and microinjection. No net movements of uric acid occur across the wall of distal convoluted tubules. In species and under conditions of net reabsorption of uric acid by the whole kidney, the sum of the bidirectional transports across the walls of proximal convoluted tubules always results in pronounced net reabsorption. In species and races of animals characterized by overall tubular secretion of uric acid, the predominant movement in proximal convoluted tubules also tends to be net reabsorption, while the net secretion providing the amounts of uric acid, above the amounts filtered, appearing in the final urine, appears to occur in the straight parts of the proximal tubules. Possible mechanisms of action and micropuncture observations on the sites of actions of probenecid and of pyrazinolic acid, two agents which influence transtubular transports of uric acid, are discussed. The conclusion is reached that agents influencing transtubular uric acid transports probably always act on reabsorptive as well as on secretory transports and that the net result of their action on uric acid excretion may, therefore, vary in different species and under different experimental conditions. Enhancement of the urinary excretion of salicyclic acid by infusion of bicarbonate is a well-known fact. Recent micropuncture experiments indicate that this effect is probably due to either enhanced secretion or depressed reabsorption of salicylates in proximal convoluted tubules rather than on any changes of the rate of transtubular salicylate transports in lower segments of the nephron.
Prognostic Significance of ABPM in Comparison to Clinical Blood Pressure Monitoring and their Association with Various Risk Factors Involved in CKD Predisposition in North Indian Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) has been found to be a more reliable method for diagnosing Hypertension (HTN) and stratifying cardiovascular risk than Continuous Blood Pressure (CBP) monitoring. Aim: To evaluate prognostic significance of ABPM in comparison to clinical Blood Pressure (BP) Monitoring and their association with various risk factors involved in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study done in Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Routine laboratory tests were conducted for all patients. Casual Blood Pressure (BP) was obtained by a trained staff through a digital BP monitor (CITIZEN-CH-432) and Meditech ABPM-05 device was used for ABPM. Pearson's correlation method was used to analyse the relationship between the two continuous variables. Results: Present study included 400 patients of which 225 (56.25%) were male subjects, and mean age was 62 (Range21-76) years. Of the study population, 90 (22.5%) were CKD G1-2, 79 (19.75%) were CKD G3a, 96 (24%) were CKD G3b, and 135 (33.75%) were CKD G4. Among all the patients included in the study, the most common was normal BP (33.75%), sustained HTN (26.25%), White Coat Hypertension (WCH) (6.5%), and masked HTN (33.5%). When multiple logistic regression analyses were done, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), and BP data, night-time Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (OR, 1.043; 95% CI, 1.025-1.067; p<0.001), and night-time Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) was found (OR, 1.050; 95% CI, 1.013-1.075) to have an independent association with non/reverse-dippers. Conclusion: The ABPM has more prognostic significance when compared to office BP measurements in all kind of normotensive, hypertensive and CKD patients at all stages. ABPM measurements are often abnormal in CKD, with CKD patients frequently showing an altered circadian rhythm with an increased rate of non dipping and reverse dipping
Oocyte Donation Pregnancies- Non-Disclosure of Oocyte Recipient Status to Obstetric Care Providers and Perinatal Outcomes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Oocyte donation pregnancies- non-disclosure of oocyte recipient (OR) status to obstetric care providers and perinatal outcomes.Many studies report a higher rate of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and severe pre-eclampsia (PET) in OR pregnancies. The objective is to determine the rates of non-disclosure of OR pregnancy to obstetric care providers and also the rates of perinatal complications. Method: This was a retrospective review of all oocyte recipient (OR) pregnancies, who subsequently delivered at Cork University Maternity Hospital, between 2007- 2012 inclusive. Obstetric case notes were reviewed to investigate perinatal outcomes and whether OR status had been documented (unambiguously, in code or not at all). Results: Less than one-third (30.2%; n=32/106) had unambiguous documentation, one-third (33%; n=35/106) had no documentation and the remainder (36.8%; n=39/106) had a code familiar only to their obstetrician. There was a high rate of gestational hypertensive disorders (28.3%; n= 30), most frequently occurring with multiple gestation. Discussion: There was a low rate of clear documentation of OR status. Gestational hypertensive disorders occurred with increased frequency.