jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Consultant pay proposals could destabilise workforce, warn anaesthetists

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Plans to change consultants’ pay and bonuses could disproportionally affect anaesthetists and destabilise the specialty’s workforce, say the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland.

The two bodies said that “radical” proposals from the Review Body on Doctors’ and Dentists’ Remuneration (DDRB) were unfair in the face of a three year pay freeze and increases in pension contributions. They argued that the proposed changes would be a major disincentive to doctors to engage in the wider NHS at local and national levels.

They suggested that the proposed changes to …
Flexible strategy use: A characteristic of gifted problem solving

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between flexible strategic thinking and problem solving performance. In the first experiment, gifted, average, and poor problem solvers performed a number of tasks which were designed to provoke rigidity. The results indicated that the average and poor performance groups did not differ in the number of answers indicating response and perceptual set. On the other hand, creative and intelligent students showed fewer rigid answers than the other two groups. In the second experiment, gifted and average students were asked to think aloud while solving different problems with open and closed solution situations. The thinking aloud protocols were analyzed by classifying the statements into different strategy types. Gifted students used a variety of strategies when solving problems, as well as different strategies for different problem types. No such differences were observed with the average problem solvers. The results of both experiments demonstrated consistent evidence for the role of flexible strategic thinking in gifted problem solving, as well as less direct evidence of the importance of metacognitive knowledge.
List of plasmids used in this work.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div><p>Fission yeast is an excellent model system that has been widely used to study the mechanism that control cell cycle progression. However, there is a lack of tools that allow to measure with high precision the duration of the different phases of the cell cycle in individual cells. To circumvent this problem, we have developed a fluorescent reporter that allows the quantification of the different phases of the cell cycle at the single-cell level in most genetic backgrounds. To prove the accuracy of this fluorescent reporter, we have tested the reporter in strains known to have a delay in the G1/S or G2/M transitions, confirming the strength and versatility of the system. An advantage of this reporter is that it eliminates the need for culture synchronization, avoiding stressing the cells. Using this reporter, we show that unperturbed cells lacking Sty1 have a standard cell cycle length and distribution and that the extended length of these cells is due to their increased cell growth rate but not to alterations in their cell cycle progression.</p></div>
Drivers of channel equity: Linking strategic marketing decisions to market performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The channel relationships offer strategic value and can provide opportunities to increase firm performance. Marketing strategy based on channel equity provides a new approach in which channel relationships are included in the firm's strategic planning and implementation. A conceptual framework for generating channel equity from the perspective of an individual supplier is proposed. The author proposes five key drivers of channel equity-communication, trust, commitment, dependence, and customer orientation. The paper proposes that relationshipspecific investments will have favorable impact on the drivers of channel equity and would enable the firms to build their channel equity. The favorable impact of relationship-specific investments is proposed to be moderated by relationship phase, and external uncertainty. The article makes an important contribution to marketing theory by examining theoretical perspectives from the field of relationship marketing and strategic management in conjunction to illuminate the value of channel equity in improving firm performance.
ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN PIGEONS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The maintenance of the constancy of the level of sugar in the blood—to speak solely of this aspect of carbohydrate metabolism—is now seen to involve regulatory action by pancreas, anterior pituitary, cortical and medullary adrenals, with probable slighter participation by the thyroid and gonads. Moreover, the liver is the indispensible center of this field of action, and the role of the nervous system is not negligible.
An Improved approach for Creating and Validating a Bioanalytical Method to Quantify Baloxavir Marboxil in Human Plasma using LC-API-MS/MS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study describes a new method for accurately measuring baloxavir marboxil (BXM) in human plasma using LC-API-MS/MS. We employed baloxavir marboxil d4 as an internal standard for precise quantification. BXM and the internal standard were isolated from plasma using tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) extraction. The LC system separated BXM and the internal standard on a Zorbax SB C18column, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detected them with minimal interference from human plasma components. The method showed excellent linearity (R²≥0.9956) across a wide concentration range (10.610–1229.080ng/mL). BXM stability was evaluated under various conditions, including room temperature, injector storage, freeze-thaw cycles, and long-term storage at -70°C. The method was validated according to USFDA guidelines, demonstrating its effectiveness for quantifying BXM in human plasma for pharmacokinetic studies.
[Macrotetrolide antibiotics from a recombinant strain of Streptococcus chrysomallus].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A mixture of antibiotic substances was isolated from the culture fluid of a recombinant strain of Streptomyces chrysomallus. The substances were identified as macrotetrolides (nonactin, monactin, dinactin and trinactin) by the mass spectrometry, ionoform properties and thin layer chromatography in the antibiotic samples and ethylacetate extracts of the fermentation broth filtrate. The parent strain of Streptomyces chrysomallus also synthesized a mixture of macrotetrolides. However, it contained no nonactin and the total level of the macrotetrolide biosynthesis was 5 to 7 time lower than that in the recombinant strain (determined by a chemical method).
Article Aberrant Expression of Posterior HOX Genes in Well Differentiated Histotypes of Thyroid Cancers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Molecular etiology of thyroid cancers has been widely studied, and several molecular alterations have been identified mainly associated with follicular and papillary histotypes. However, the molecular bases of the complex pathogenesis of thyroid carcinomas remain poorly understood. HOX genes regulate normal embryonic development, cell differentiation and other critical processes in eukaryotic cell life. Several studies have shown that HOX genes play a role in neoplastic transformation of several human tissues. In particular, the genes belonging to HOX paralogous group 13 seem to hold a relevant role in both tumor development and progression. We have identified a significant prognostic role of HOX D13 in pancreatic cancer and we have recently showed the strong and progressive over-expression of HOX C13 in melanoma metastases and deregulation of HOX B13
Multiarm-Assisted Design\nof Dendron-like Degradable\nIonizable Lipids Facilitates Systemic mRNA Delivery to the Spleen

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as pivotal vehicles\nfor\nmessenger RNA (mRNA) delivery to hepatocytes upon systemic administration\nand to antigen-presenting cells following intramuscular injection.\nHowever, achieving systemic mRNA delivery to non-hepatocytes remains\nchallenging without the incorporation of targeting ligands such as\nantibodies, peptides, or small molecules. Inspired by comb-like polymeric\narchitecture, here we utilized a multiarm-assisted design to construct\na library of 270 dendron-like degradable ionizable lipids by altering\nthe structures of amine heads and multiarmed tails for optimal mRNA\ndelivery. Following in vitro high-throughput screening, a series of\ntop-dendron-like LNPs with high transfection efficacy were identified.\nThese dendron-like ionizable lipids facilitated greater mRNA delivery\nto the spleen in vivo compared to ionizable lipid analogs lacking\ndendron-like structure. Proteomic analysis of corona-LNP pellets showed\nenhancement of key protein clusters, suggesting potential endogenous\ntargeting to the spleen. A lead dendron-like LNP formulation, 18–2–9b2,\nwas further used to encapsulate Cre mRNA and demonstrated excellent\ngenome modification in splenic macrophages, outperforming a spleen-tropic\nMC3/18PA LNP in the Ai14 mice model. Moreover, 18–2–9b2\nLNP encapsulating therapeutic BTB domain and CNC homologue 1 (BACH1)\nmRNA exhibited proficient BACH1 expression and subsequent Spic downregulation\nin splenic red pulp macrophages (RPM) in a Spic-GFP transgene model\nupon intravenous administration. These results underscore the potential\nof dendron-like LNPs to facilitatem RNA delivery to splenic macrophages,\npotentially opening avenues for a range of mRNA-LNP therapeutic applications,\nincluding regenerative medicine, protein replacement, and gene editing\ntherapies.
Comparison of ion transport by cultured secretory and absorptive canine airway epithelia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of primary cell culture techniques to predict the function of native respiratory epithelia was tested in studies of dog airway epithelia. Epithelial cells from Cl- secretory (tracheal) and Na+ absorptive (bronchial) airway regions were isolated by enzymatic digestion, plated on collagen matrices, and maintained in serum-free, hormone-supplemented media. Transepithelial and intracellular studies showed that both the tracheal and bronchial culture preparations exhibited bioelectric parameters quantitatively similar to those of intact tissues. Similar to the native tissue, the tracheal preparation exhibited an equivalent short-circuit circuit (Ieq) that was sensitive to inhibitors of Cl- transport (bumetanide, diphenylamine carboxylic acid) but was insensitive to an inhibitor of Na+ transport, amiloride. In contrast, the bronchial preparation, like the native tissue, exhibited an Ieq sensitive to amiloride but insensitive to bumetanide. As compared with the trachea, the bronchial (absorptive) epithelium is characterized by 1) a large amiloride-sensitive cellular conductance and 2) a relatively depolarized basolateral membrane. We conclude that this primary cell culture technique provides epithelial preparations comparable to the native tissue and suitable for quantitative studies of regional differences in ion transport function.
Experimental results of forward-looking reverse order fault simulation on industrial circuits with scan

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Discusses an improved procedure named forward-looking fault simulation. The term forward-looking refers to the fact that certain tests are dropped because they are not necessary for detecting faults that will be detected later in the simulation process. The authors discuss an efficient implementation of forward-looking fault simulation in an industrial environment. They concentrate on reverse order fault simulation. Parallel pattern single fault propagation (PPSFP) simulation is used throughout the implementation of the forward-looking reverse order fault simulation process, since PPSFP is known to result in fast fault simulation for industrial circuits.
Data Sharing and theJournal

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We want to clarify, given recent concern about our policy, that the Journal is committed to data sharing in the setting of clinical trials. As stated in the Institute of Medicine report from the committee1 on which I served and the recent editorial by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE),2 we believe there is a moral obligation to the people who volunteer to participate in these trials to ensure that their data are widely and responsibly used. Journal policy will therefore follow that outlined in the ICMJE editorial and the IOM report: when appropriate systems are in place, . . .
Female Sexual Function During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction International studies have demonstrated increasing rates of sexual dysfunction amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, the impact of the pandemic on female sexual function in the United States is unknown. Aim To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female sexual function and frequency in the United States. Methods A pre-pandemic survey containing the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and demographic questions was completed by adult women in the United States from October 20, 2019 and March 1, 2020. The same women were sent a follow-up survey also containing the FSFI, as well as the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety with 4 items (PHQ-4), and questions pertaining to mask wearing habits, job loss, and relationship changes. Risk for female sexual dysfunction (RFSD) was defined as FSFI &lt; 26.55. Main Outcome Measure Differences in pre-pandemic and intra-pandemic female sexual function, measured by the FSFI, and sexual frequency. Results Ninety-one women were included in this study. Overall FSFI significantly decreased during the pandemic (27.2 vs 28.8, P = .002), with domain-specific decreases in arousal (4.41 vs 4.86, P = .0002), lubrication (4.90 vs 5.22, P = .004), and satisfaction (4.40 vs 4.70, P = .04). There was no change in sexual frequency. Contingency table analysis of RFSD prior to and during the pandemic revealed significantly increased RFSD during the pandemic (P = .002). Women who developed RFSD during the pandemic had higher PHQ-4 anxiety subscale scores (3.74 vs 2.53, P = .01) and depression subscale scores (2.74 vs 1.43, P = .001) than those who did not. Development of FSD was not associated with age, home region, relationship status, mask wearing habits, knowing someone who tested positive for COVID-19, relationship change, or job loss and/or reduction during the pandemic. Conclusion In this population of female cannabis users, risk for sexual dysfunction increased amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and is associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Bhambhvani HP, Chen T, Wilson-King AM, et al. Female Sexual Function During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States. Sex Med 2021;9:100355.
Tactics of question-answering unity in the diagnostic strategy of oral medical discourse

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper discusses tactics of the unity of the question-answer diagnostic strategy of medical discourse. The authors stop at the fact that the communication between the doctor and the patient, which is carried out for diagnostic purposes, should be clearly arranged and conducted professionally competently. The ability of the doctor to communicate with patients affects the quality of medical care and the relationship between the doctor and the patient. The article states that communicative competence is a professionally important characteristic of a doctor, which begins to be formed already in the process of studying at a medical college. In the article the authors give definitions of discourse and medical discourse in particular, referring to domestic and foreign linguists. Discourse is considered as a type of status-fixed communication andmedical discourse is considered as an institutional communication of representatives of different status groups. Attention is drawn to the fact that any communicative act can be considered from the point of view of strategies that are implemented through tactics (specific speech actions). Depending on the goals, researchers of medical discourse distinguish three main strategies: diagnostic, medical and recommendatory. In particular, the diagnostic strategy is seen which is implemented during the initial medical examination, and its most common tactics – the tactics of the request for specific information and the tasks are introduced which are used to train communicative skills between the doctor and the patient, on the example of the materials of the methodological guide "I Will Be a Doctor!" This research confirms the necessity of studying medical discourse not only in scientific, but also in the educational and professional aspect, because the ability to plan strategies correctly and tactics of speech behavior of a doctor is an important condition of medical treatment.
PARAMETER EXTRACTION AND DEVICE PHYSICS PROJECTIONS ON LATERAL LOW VOLTAGE POWER MOSFET CONFIGURATIONS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The growing demand for battery-operated portable systems and power supply restrictions due to device scaling and reliability are major driving forces for development of low voltage/high current MOSFETs for VLSI technology. Reducing the power supply is a very effective way to reduce power consumption, hence increasing the device operating lifetime and relaxing the reliability constraints. The biggest challenge is to maintain high performance characteristics of the device, i.e. to prevent degradation of the device speed, by scaling down the device, thus lowering the threshold voltage and increasing the current-drive of the MOSFET. The contents of this document describe the major portion of experimental efforts and the subsequent results, of a project initiated by the Procter and Gamble Company with the intent of developing ultra low voltage power MOSFETs in collaboration with the University of Cincinnati. The specific objectives of the project are given below: • Full device characterization of existing state of the art power MOSFETs, verification and analysis and detailed understanding of the provided models and fitness comparison. • Parameter Extraction, model generation and comparison with obtained I-V characteristics. • Testing and full characterization of the lateral power MOSFET • Investigation of the semiconductor physics for short channel, high current, low voltage MOSFETs and impact of sub 1V design on power MOSFET performance. • Parameter extraction and modeling of the developed device.
IL‐1β Participates in Sensitization of Bronchopulmonary C‐fibers Induced by Prenatal Nicotinic Exposure (PNE) in Rat Pups

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Maternal smoking during pregnancy has the highest risk for inducing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) characterized by cardiorespiratory failure including aggravated apnea. We recently found that PNE promoted hypoxia‐induced central apnea by sensitizing the bronchopulmonary C‐fibers (PFCs), i.e., prolonged PCF firing and apneic response to right atrial bolus injection of capsaicin, a selective stimulant to PCFs (Zhuang et al., AJP 2015), but the relevant mechanisms have not been fully understood. IL‐1β is a potent stimulant to PCFs and its concentration in serum is substantially increased in the majority of SIDS victims (Vennemann et al., Int J Legal Med. 2012). Thus we asked whether PNE increased IL‐1β release into the lungs and IL‐1 type I receptor (IL1R1) expression in nodose/jugular (N/J) ganglion, especially the vagal pulmonary C‐neurons, and if so, whether the prolonged apneic response to capsaicin by PNE would be shortened by pretreatment of IL‐1Ra (an IL1R1 antagonist). To this end, we collected BALF to detect gene and protein levels of IL‐1β released into the airways and lungs, harvested N/J ganglion for determining IL1R1 gene and protein expression, and extracted vagal pulmonary C‐neurons retrograde‐traced by DiI for analysis of IL1R1 mRNA. Subsequently, in anesthetized and spontaneously breathing pups, we compared the respiratory responses to atrial bolus injection of capsaicin before and after IL‐1R1 blockade. Our results showed that PNE obviously elevated IL‐1β in BALF, and upregulated IL1R1 gene and protein expression of N/J ganglion, particularly IL1R1 mRNA in pulmonary C neurons. Moreover, the PNE‐induced prolongation of the apneic response to capsaicin was significantly shortened by ~55% after IL‐1R1 blockade. Our results suggest that PNE promotes IL‐1β release into the lungs and IL1R1 expression in vagal pulmonary C‐neurons to sensitize PCFs, contributing to the prolongation of the PCF‐mediated apnea. Support or Funding Information Supported by HL119683 and HL107462
Supplemental Figure 3B from Exposure–Response of Veliparib to Inform Phase II Trial Design in Refractory or Relapsed Patients with Hematological Malignancies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Relationship between veliparib exposure-% CFB in PAR levels in PBMC (A) and �B in PAR levels-ORR (B)</p>
Listening to the worldSonic intimacy: voice, species, technics (or, how to listen to the world), by Dominic Pettman, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 2017, 130 pp., US$55.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-80479-988-1, US$18.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-50360-145-1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A growing strand of scholarship within sound studies has paid particular attention to the voice, including its disembodiment (Connor 2000), its politics (Cavarero 2005) its relationship to subjecti...
Alpha‐mannosidase‐2 modulates arbovirus infection in a pathogen‐ and Wolbachia ‐specific manner in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Multiple Wolbachia strains can block pathogen infection, replication and/or transmission in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes under both laboratory and field conditions. However, Wolbachia effects on pathogens can be highly variable across systems and the factors governing this variability are not well understood. It is increasingly clear that the mosquito host is not a passive player in which Wolbachia governs pathogen transmission phenotypes; rather, the genetics of the host can significantly modulate Wolbachia ‐mediated pathogen blocking. Specifically, previous work linked variation in Wolbachia pathogen blocking to polymorphisms in the mosquito alpha‐mannosidase‐2 (αMan2) gene. Here we use CRISPR‐Cas9 mutagenesis to functionally test this association. We developed αMan2 knockouts and examined effects on both Wolbachia and virus levels, using dengue virus (DENV; Flaviviridae ) and Mayaro virus (MAYV; Togaviridae ). Wolbachia titres were significantly elevated in αMan2 knockout (KO) mosquitoes, but there were complex interactions with virus infection and replication. In Wolbachia ‐uninfected mosquitoes, the αMan2 KO mutation was associated with decreased DENV titres, but in a Wolbachia ‐infected background, the αMan2 KO mutation significantly increased virus titres. In contrast, the αMan2 KO mutation significantly increased MAYV replication in Wolbachia ‐uninfected mosquitoes and did not affect Wolbachia ‐mediated virus blocking. These results demonstrate that αMan2 modulates arbovirus infection in A. aegypti mosquitoes in a pathogen‐ and Wolbachia ‐specific manner, and that Wolbachia ‐mediated pathogen blocking is a complex phenotype dependent on the mosquito host genotype and the pathogen. These results have a significant impact for the design and use of Wolbachia ‐based strategies to control vector‐borne pathogens.