jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The significance of (platelet/white blood cell) counts ratio in screening for high risk for preeclampsia and its related complications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: We have taken a standpoint that the scope of the platelet count or its variance is significantly higher in pregnancy; 50,000-6,00, 000 compared to the white blood cells(WBC) 9,000-11,000. Hence, their ratio may be a useful marker in predicting preeclampsia. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to verify that placental weight (PW ratio) or platelet/WBC count might be a useful screening ratio for preeclampsia and its related complications. Patients and Methods: We have taken a total of 104 primigravida patients, each one is corresponding to the gestational ages (GA) 20–34 weeks, and seven patients per each week for initial PW ratio assessment. In addition, all women were told to come again at 34 weeks of gestation for reassessment of PW ratio (platelet/WBC) count, and a meticulous ultrasound examination for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) as well as biophysical profile. Results: At the end of the study, we subdivided the 104 initial sample into three subgroups; normal women (n = 76); women with preeclampsia but no IUGR (n = 16); and women with preeclampsia and IUGR (n = 12). There was a statistically significant difference between the three groups with regard to systolic, diastolic, and PW ratio. In addition, the PW ratio was significantly different among the three subgroups using the analysis of variance test. Nonlinear polynomial of the third degree between PW ratio and GA has shown a significant correlation between PW ratio and GA. The correlation between them was statistically significant, yet the distribution of PW was normal in distribution P = 0.16. In addition, since all screening test should be subject to Weibull distribution, we challenged the PW ratio against this distribution and was found to be positive P = 0.3 by using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. At last, logistic regression was constructed to evaluate the correlation between PW ratio and the number of infants with IUGR, and a highly positive correlation was found P = 0.0001. Moreover, PW was significant with all the items of the biophysical profile which includes body posture, gross body movement, respiratory fetal movement, oligohydramnios, and NST. At last, we have constructed easily used chart and reference tables for PW ratio between 20 and 34 weeks; hence, they can be used in clinical practice to verify this ratio among women with preeclampsia. Conclusion: A simple easily to calculate ratio has been constructed which has been shown in this paper to be significantly correlated to preeclampsia and IUGR, and from this ratio, easy reference table and figure have been constructed. Yet, by no mean, we call that this ratio or table is used as a substitute for clinical methods to screen or to diagnose preeclampsia until its significance is evaluated by further trials. However, it may be of value as an adjuvant test to other standard tests used for preeclampsia screening or monitoring.
Stability and quantum efficiency performance of silicon photodiode detectors in the far ultraviolet

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recent improvements in silicon photodiode fabrication technology have resulted in the production of photodiodes which are stable after prolonged exposure to short wavelength radiation and which have efficiencies in the far ultraviolet close to those predicted using a value of 3.63 eV for electron-hole pair production in Si. Quantum efficiency and stability data are presented in the 6-124-eV region for several variations on the basic successful design and on devices with extremely thin silicon dioxide antireflecting/passivating layers. The results indicate that the oxide is dominant in determining many of the performance parameters and that a stable efficient far ultraviolet diode can be fabricated by careful control of the Si-SiO(2) interface quality.
Reliability and validity of the Danish version of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Depressive symptoms within the range of schizophrenic syndromes constitute a major diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Earlier research has indicated that available depression scales are not adequate when examining mood disturbances in patients with schizophrenia. We have made an attempt to estimate the reliability and validity of the Danish version of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. The external validity has been analysed in relation to the Major Depression Inventory (MDI). The internal validity has been analysed by using Loevinger's coefficient of homogeneity as the primary statistic. For the inter-observer reliability the intra-class coefficients have been calculated. It was shown that a subscale of the Calgary scale has sufficient reliability and validity.
Need for beta-blockade in hypertension reduced with long-term minoxidil.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sequential changes in plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone and noradrenaline were assessed in eight patients with severe hypertension after minoxidil had been added to their treatment. Doses of 2.5--27.5 (mean 12.5) mg/day reduced the mean blood pressure from 166/113 +/-6/2 mm Hg to 124/88+/-4/2 mm Hg in one week. Plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone and noradrenaline increased twofold to threefold initially but returned to baseline values within two to three weeks and remained unchanged during a mean follow-up of 5.1 months. Beta-blocking drugs were then withdrawn slowly in six patients without adverse effects, though blood pressure and heart rate increased in three patients, who required minimal doses of beta-blockers. Plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone and noradrenaline did not change significantly after beta-blockade had been stopped. We conclude that the need for beta-blockade is greatly reduced with long-term minoxidil treatment and that it may be unnecessary in some patients.
3 Caligula and the Jews: Some Historiographic Reflections Occasioned by Gaius in Polychrome

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Historians of the Jewish past have had a particularly complicated relationship with Caligula. The Caligula incident as described by Philo and Josephus bore particular resonance for Western Jews of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Jewish-Roman negotiations surrounding the imperial cult are a good example of the ways that this modus vivendi had developed before Caligula. The beautiful statue of Gaius that stands at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts is one of only two that survived a very thorough, if unofficial, Roman damnatio. This sculpture provides a valuable window into what ancient Jews saw in the synagogues of Alexandria, what they feared Caligula would place in the Temple, and what was, visually, at stake. For classicists, Caligula continues to be a touchstone, a place to reflect upon the Roman heritage, and for some, a site to play out a subversive streak against their own Christian culture.Keywords: Alexandria; Caligula; Gaius; Jews; Josephus; Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
Control of Main Defoliators and Trunk Pests of Poplar

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the growth period of poplar, it is easy to be infringed by pests; this will influence the growth of trees, and cause loss for forestry production. In the article, it introduced the breeding and growth features of defoliators and trunk pests and the harmful characters to poplar, summarized the comprehensive control measures, and provided a reference for poplar production.
Optimum Dimensional Analysis With Applications to Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A robust, straightforward technical procedure referred to as “optimum dimensional analysis” that is a hybrid of conventional dimensional analysis and optimum similarity analysis is proposed here to find a smallest set of system dimensionless power products of dimensions for nondimensionalizing a set of system equations. With these dimensionless parameters, the system behavior can be fully described by a most concise set of dimensionless governing equations and boundary/initial conditions. Functional relationships between the system dependent dimensionless parameters and a smallest set of system independent dimensionless parameters are thereby established. All alternative sets of optimum dimensionless parameters can be identified without any computational complications. A simple illustration is given first to analyze a time-dependent initial value problem. Applications to EHL of rectangular and elliptical contacts then follow. Because the inference process of the optimum dimensional analysis always arrives at clearest and simplest formulas for system dependency equations, especially for initial value problems, this process may be simply referred to as “optimum analysis.”
Nurses' Expectations of an Inpatient Portal for Hospitalized Patients and Caregivers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Patient portals are intended to engage patients and enhance patient-centered care. Recent studies suggest that the information within portals could provide benefits to patients and their caregivers during hospitalization; however, few studies have examined nurse and staff expectations of portals when used in the hospital setting. Objective This article examines inpatient nurse and support staff expectations of a commercially available inpatient portal prior to its hospital-wide implementation. Methods In this cross-sectional study, nurses and support staff were surveyed 1 month prior to the implementation of an inpatient portal for patients. Items included respondent characteristics, satisfaction with online inpatient portal training, expectations of the effects of portal use on patients, caregivers, and staff, overall acceptance, and barriers to its implementation. Results Of 881 respondents, 73.0% were staff nurses, 18.4% nurse assistants, 4.3% unit coordinators, and 1.2% nurse managers. Respondents were generally satisfied with the portal information they received from online training. A majority liked the portal to some extent prior to its use (66.7%); however, they noted multiple implementation barriers, including: tablets would get lost/damaged (66.2% of respondents), patients and/or caregivers would have too many questions (48.5%), and staff would have problems integrating it into their workflow (44.7%). Respondents working on medical units had higher expectations (p < 0.001) and acceptance (p < 0.01) of the portal than those on surgical and intensive care units. Nurse managers were more positive than respondents with other job roles were (all p < 0.001). Conclusion Overall, nurse and support staff had high expectations of the effects of inpatient portal use prior to its hospital-wide implementation. They thought it would benefit patients and/or their caregivers; however, they also perceived several barriers to its implementation. These results will be used in conjunction with patient and caregiver perspectives to inform future efforts to evaluate and improve upon inpatient portal implementation and dissemination across health systems.
Learning with Wide-Open Eyes: Nudging at Perceived Barriers to Outdoor Learning within a Kindergarten

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article presents an in-depth case study of one kindergarten class in northern Ontario, Canada, and the ways that educators nurtured learners' curiosity in the outdoors. Documentation of learning, including photographs, quotes, and artifacts, served as the key source for reflection by educators, both the kindergarten team (teacher and early childhood educator) and those who partnered alongside them. Families were invited to share their experiences through an anonymous open-ended survey. This article discusses three perceived barriers to learning in the outdoors and the ways that participants noticed, named, and nudged at them for the benefit of the learners.
Testosterone plays a permissive role in angiotensin II-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in male rats†

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sex hormones contribute to sex differences in blood pressure. Inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin system is involved in vascular dysfunction and hypertension. This study evaluated the role of androgens (testosterone) in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced increase in blood pressure, vascular reactivity, and cardiac hypertrophy. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats underwent sham operation, castration, or castration with testosterone replacement. After 12 weeks of chronic changes in androgen status, Ang II (120 ng/kg per minute) or saline was infused for 28 days via subcutaneous miniosmotic pump, and changes in blood pressure was measured. Vascular reactivity and Ang II receptor levels were examined in mesenteric arteries. Heart weight, cardiac ANP mRNA levels, and fibrosis were also assessed. Ang II infusion increased arterial pressure in intact males. The Ang II-induced increase in hypertensive response was prevented in castrated males. Testosterone replacement in castrated males restored Ang II-induced hypertensive responses. Castration reduced vascular AT1R/AT2R ratio, an effect that was reversed by testosterone replacement. Ang II-induced hypertension was associated with increased contractile response of mesenteric arteries to Ang II and phenylephrine in intact and testosterone-replaced castrated males; these increases were prevented in castrated males. Ang II infusion induced increased left ventricle-to-body weight ratio and ANP mRNA expression, indicators of left ventricular hypertrophy, and fibrosis in intact and testosterone-replaced castrated males, and castration prevented the increase in these parameters caused by Ang II. This study demonstrates that testosterone plays a permissive role in development and maintenance of Ang II-induced vascular dysfunction, hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy.
Lameness and weakness in dogs: is it orthopaedic or neurological?

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

DIAGNOSING the cause of lameness or weakness in dogs is not always straightforward. Although orthopaedic conditions are the most common cause of thoracic and pelvic limb lameness and neurological disorders the most common cause of weakness, occasionally neurological cases may be presented due to lameness and orthopaedic cases due to weakness. Diagnosing orthopaedic and neurological disorders as causes of weakness and lameness, respectively, can be challenging. A detailed history and thorough clinical examination, with emphasis on the orthopaedic and neurological components, is essential. This article describes the orthopaedic and neurological causes of lameness, and weakness and incoordination, and highlights the specific investigations that can be carried out to differentiate between the two.
Effective Bertini theorems and zeros of $p$-adic forms of degree 7

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We establish an effective Bertini-type theorem for hypersurfaces $X_f \colon f = 0$ defined over a finite field $k$ for which $f$ has no linear factors over the algebraic closure $\overline{k}$. Given a line $L$ defined over $k$ and a nonreduced $\overline{k}$-point $x$ on $X_f \cap L$, we give an upper bound on the number of planes $P$ containing $L$ for which $X_f \cap P$ contains a line through $x$. Underlying this result is a factorization algorithm for bivariate polynomials originally due to Kaltofen, which we present with slightly relaxed hypotheses. Our primary application is to Artin's conjecture on $p$-adic forms of degree 7: if $K/\mathbb{Q}_p$ is a finite extension with residue field isomorphic to $\mathbb{F}_q$ and $F(x_0, \ldots, x_n) \in K[x_0, \ldots, x_{49}]$ is a homogeneous form of degree 7, then there exists a $K$-solution to $F=0$ whenever $q>679$. This improves on a result of Wooley.
Simultaneous determination of eight antibiotics from distinct classes in surface and wastewater samples by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A reliable multiclass method has been developed and validated for the determination of eight antibiotics from distinct classes (sulfonamides, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, cephalosporins and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors) in wastewater – influent and effluent – and surface water from Porto Alegre, Brazil. The pre-concentration and clean-up was conducted with a simple and fast protocol using solid-phase extraction allowing a 100-fold concentration factor. The proposed method was validated by using spiked blank wastewater samples in terms of linearity, repeatability, reproducibility, recovery, matrix effects and limits of detection and quantification. Recovery was obtained in the range of 66–149%. Method limit of quantification ranged between 1.6 and 61.7 ng L−1. Samples (n = 16) were taken from January to August 2011 in one wastewater treatment plant, which uses conventional biological treatment. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim show higher concentration, ranging from >10 to <6500 ng L−1, whereas erythromycin presented the lower amount. Differences between influent and effluent profiles were discussed. Surface water samples (n = 8) were collected in Arroio Diluvio, in four sampling points, in February 2012. From the eight antibiotics analysed, five were detected: sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azythromicyn, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, in a concentration range of 376–572 ng L−1, 27–94 ng L−1, 24–40 ng L−1, 16–66ng L−1 and 30–54 ng L−1, respectively.
Design and Implementation of DSpace Using OpenSCENARIO to Construct Scenarios in Vehicle Simulation Testing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

DSpace is a simulation system. It is a set of software and hardware working platform based on MATLAB/Simulink for control system development and hardware in the loop simulation developed by German dSP ACE company. It realizes the seamless connection with MATLAB/Simulink/RTW. In the test of ADAS function, the author found that it is difficult to expand the test in a variety of environments, and it is time-consuming and labor-intensive to manually migrate the scene from one tool to another. However, with the development of ASAM series standards, Dspace supports the import and export of static road network files (OpenDrive) in ASAM, and the static road network files of different simulators are combined through OpenDrive. However, it does not support the import and export function of dynamic scene files (OpenSCENARIO). The construction of dynamic scenes requires labor and requires high learning costs. This article is a solution to this problem. By using this solution, Dspace can use the scenarios built by OpenSCENARIO to test various international standard scenarios.
Responses in Semi Industry to Impact from Changes in Money Supply and Expectations - Focusing on Pass-through

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 통화량 공급과 구매관리자의 기대 변화와 같은 외생적 충격이 반도체 시장 출하에 어떤 반응을 가져오는지 고찰, 분석함으로써 반도체 시장참여자에게 실질적인 경영상의 시사점을 전달할 목적으로 실시하였다. 이를 위해 세계 경제의 두 축(G2)인 미국, 중국의 협의/광의의 통화량 (M1/M2), 구매관리자 지수(PMI) 중 제조부문/생산부문 지수 각각 그리고 세계 반도체 출하량과 출하액을 변수로 삼아 구조적 벡터자기회귀(SVAR)의 체계 안에서 누적 충격반응함수(IRF)를 이용하여 전가도(轉嫁度)를 추정하였으며, 분산분해를 통해 반도체 출하에 미치는 선행변수의 설명력을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 전가도는 일반적으로 양(陽)의 부호를 보임으로써 통화량의 증가나 미래경제에 대한 낙관적인 기대가 반도체 출하에 정(正)의 방향으로 작용하였다. 그러나 미국 통화량을 변수로 적용한 일부 경로에서는 음(陰)의 부호를 보이기도 하였는데, 그 원인으로 통화 량의 증가가 구매관리자에게는 다가올 경기하락의 신호로 작용했을 가능성을 배제할 수 없다. 양의 전가는 미국 협의의 통화량에서 구매관리자 지수를 거쳐 반도체 출하에 이르는 경로나 미국 제조부문 구매관리자 지수에서 생산부문 구매관리자 지수를 통해 반도체 출하에 이르는 경로 등에서 고찰되었다. 또 다른 양의 전가는 중국 협의의 통화량에서 광의의 통화량을 거쳐 반도체 출하에 이르는 경로나 협의의 통화량에서 구매관리자 지수를 거쳐 반도체 출하에 이르는 경로 그리고 제조부문 구매관리자 지수에서 생산부문 구매관리자 지수를 통해 반도체 출하에 이르는 경로 등에서 고찰되었다. 한편 분석을 통해 미국의 통화량이나 구매관리자 지수보다는 중국 통화 량이나 구매관리자 지수가 세계 반도체 출하의 반응에 대해 더 큰 설명력을 갖는 것을 발견하였다. 이는 중국이 세계 반도체 산업에서 점유하는 비중이나 위치에서 쉽게 짐작할 수 있다. 본 연구는 반도체 산업에 대한 심도있는 이해를 바탕으로, 전가도의 개념을 원용하여 거시경제 지표 변화의 충격에 대한 반응을 개별 산업 수준에서 분석하고 경영상의 시사점을 전달하였다는데 그 독창성과 실용성이 있다고 하겠다.
Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between hypochlorous acid and tetrathionate ion

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The reaction has been studied spectrophotometrically monitoring the absorbance in the 240–400 nm wavelength range. The spectra of the reactants, intermediates, and products in this system are overlapping; thus special programs [1,2] have been used (and tested) to unravel the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction. The stoichiometry of the reaction in excess hypochlorous acid is S4O62− + 7HOCl + 3H2O → 4SO42− + 7Cl− + 13H+. Various experiments are presented to show that—in excess tetrathionate—the reaction produces a light-absorbing intermediate identified as S2O3Cl−. The intermediate slowly hydrolyzes into sulfur and sulfate and it yields pentathionate in excess tetrathionate. The rate-determining steps and their rate constants are The further oxidation of S2O42− and SO32− by HOCl to sulfate are fast processes. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 32: 395–402, 2000
Complex alternative processing of human cytomegalovirus UL37 pre-mRNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Differentially processed human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL37 RNAs encode biologically significant proteins. Due to the recent discovery of alternative UL37 exon 3 (UL37x3) splice donors, permissively infected cells were thoroughly examined for additional alternatively spliced UL37 RNAs. Newly described donors within UL37 exon 1 (nt 52520) and intron 1 (nt 52209) as well as UL37x3 di (nt 50770) and dii (nt 50782) were differentially spliced to known downstream UL37 acceptors. The alternatively spliced UL37 S , UL37 L , UL37 di and UL37d ii RNAs predictably encode proteins of 83, 163, 217 and 213 residues, respectively, which share UL37x1 N-terminal sequences but differ downstream in their C termini. Moreover, temporal expression of the alternatively spliced UL37 RNAs differs during HCMV infection. The complexity of UL37 pre-mRNA processing is evidenced by the detection of 11 UL37 spliced and unspliced UL37x1 RNAs in HCMV-infected cells. Based upon these data, a revised HCMV UL37 gene map is presented, which incorporates all RNA species detected during permissive infection.