jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lead Isotopic Analysis of Copper Alloy Artifacts from Tell Tweini. Changing Ore Sources from the Early Bronze Age to the Iron Age

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Identifying the geological provenance of an artifact, i.e. the origin of the ores used to produce a metal, provides important information on ancient relationships and connections, trade, and the movement of raw materials and/or objects. The initial approach to this provenance question applied elemental chemical analysis of artifacts and their proposed ore sources, but soon proved to be ineffective due to chemical heterogeneities in ore deposits and variable fractionations of many elements between ore, slag and metal during the smelting processes. It is remarkable that the lead isotopic composition of the Cu alloy artifacts from Tell Tweini is clearly different as a whole before and after 1200 B.C., respectively. A difference in material culture pre and post this time has been observed before at the site, and has been linked to Sea People incursions in the area.
Research translation: A pathway for health inequity

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract In a context of social inequity, research translation naturally furthers health inequity. As Fundamental Cause Theory (FCT) explains—and an associated empirical literature illustrates—those with more resources benefit earlier and more from scientific innovation than those with fewer resources. Therefore, research translation of its own course creates and widens health disparities based on socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity. Yet, the conversation about research translation has yet to center this critical reality, undermining our efforts to address heath inequity. Moving toward sustainable health equity requires that we build the evidence base for, prioritize, and institutionalize translation approaches that center the needs and assets of low‐resource populations (with community engagement helping toward that end). However, even the impact of that approach will be limited if we as a society do not mobilize knowledge to address social inequity and the many ways in which it shapes health. The health research community should engage the FCT paradigm to think critically about resource allocation among different kinds of research and action. Moreover, in our contributions to discussions about the road to health equity, we must be forthcoming about the reality FCT describes and the limitations it indicates for achieving health equity through translation of biomedical, clinical, health services, and health behavior research alone.
Detecting Fake News using Machine Learning: A Systematic Literature Review

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Internet is one of the important inventions and a large number of persons are its users. These persons use this for different purposes. There are different social media platforms that are accessible to these users. Any user can make a post or spread the news through these online platforms. These platforms do not verify the users or their posts. So some of the users try to spread fake news through these platforms. These fake news can be a propaganda against an individual, society, organization or political party. A human being is unable to detect all these fake news. So there is a need for machine learning classifiers that can detect these fake news automatically. Use of machine learning classifiers for detecting the fake news is described in this systematic literature review.
Black Cinderella: multicultural literature and school curriculum

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article discusses diversity issues evident in fairy tales and explores the pedagogical implications for adding counter-narratives in the school curriculum. Critical Race Theory is employed. In order to uncover contradictory discourses of race within Black cultures, four Africana (African, African American, and Caribbean) Cinderella tale types are analysed. The conclusion is that although the tales are racially similar and fulfil diversity requirements in a literature-based curriculum, such tales are not necessarily interchangeable. Rather, there are ample differences that warrant further attention. It is important that schoolteachers be aware of this, as they develop criteria that may enable them to make informed decisions about children's books for their classrooms.
VP2 mediates the release of the feline calicivirus RNA genome by puncturing the endosome membrane of infected cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Feline calicivirus (FCV) is one of the few members of the Caliciviridae family that grows well in cell lines and, therefore, serves as a surrogate to study the biology of other viruses in the family. Conley et al. ( 14 ) demonstrated that upon the receptor engagement to the capsid, FCV VP2 forms a portal-like assembly, which might provide a channel for RNA release. However, the process of calicivirus RNA release is not yet fully understood. Our findings suggest that the separation of the FCV capsid from its genome RNA (gRNA) occurs rapidly in the early endosomes of infected cells. Using a liposome model decorated with the FCV cell receptor fJAM-A, we demonstrate that FCV releases its gRNA into the liposomes by penetrating membranes under low pH conditions. Furthermore, we found that VP2, which is rich in hydrophobic residues at its N-terminus, functions as the pore-forming protein. When we substituted the VP2 N-terminal hydrophobic residues, the gRNA release efficacy of the FCV mutants decreased. In conclusion, our results suggest that in the acidic environment of early endosomes, FCV VP2 functions as the pore-forming protein to mediate gRNA release into the cytoplasm of infected cells. This provides insight into the mechanism of calicivirus genome release. IMPORTANCE Research on the biology and pathogenicity of certain caliciviruses, such as Norovirus and Sapovirus, is hindered by the lack of easy-to-use cell culture system. Feline calicivirus (FCV), which grows effectively in cell lines, is used as a substitute. At present, there is limited understanding of the genome release mechanism in caliciviruses. Our findings suggest that FCV uses VP2 to pierce the endosome membrane for genome release and provide new insights into the calicivirus gRNA release mechanism.
LHD ICHamp #114335.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating system to launch fast waves (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) waves) to heat plasma particles by wave-particle interaction. Raw data are forward and reflected power and voltage of transmission lines, 3.5 U/L and 4.5 U/L.
EVALUATING THE EMERGENCE \n\t\t\t\t OF ELITE PROFESSIONAL GOLFERS IN EUROPE \n\t\t\t\t WITH DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The national golf organizations support the development of golf in their country and one of the signs of their success is the generation of elite professional golfers. In this paper, we analyze the emergence of elite professional golfers in eighteen European nations. The efficiency of these nations is measured through output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis models. In particular, we propose variable and constant returns to scale radial models. The main purpose is to classify each of the nations as efficient or inefficient according to its ability to produce elite professional players and with regard to the inefficient ones, determine how far they have to go to achieve efficiency. We further propose a stepwise procedure for each inefficient nation that identifies a path towards the frontier with several intermediate points. The analysis of the results can be used by the nations for designing new strategies in order to improve their performance.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AND ADOLESCENCE DELINQUENCY : Does experiencing intimate partner violence predict delinquency in adolescents?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) and/or maltreatment have a higher risk for developing delinquent behavior. This study examines these problems using secondary data which consisted of 150 adolescents in ages 12-18. All participants received treatment for alcohol and/or drug use at clinic centre at the time. The result suggests that delinquent behaviors in adolescents with substance use are associated with witnessing injury and sexual coercion among parents above and beyond being a victim of maltreatment. Violence against others is associated with witnessing sexual coercion among parents but is not related with none of the adolescents victimization variables. Implications of the presents study's result are discussed.
Preparation of spherically agglomerated crystals of the 3,5‐diglucoside of cyanidin (cyanin)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Suitable proportions of the solvent mixture benzene:methanol:aqueous hydrochloric acid to yield the spherically agglomerated crystals of cyanin have been found. The physicochemical properties and dissolution rate of the agglomerates, in comparison with the crystals obtained by a conventional method, have been analysed. No change in the crystalline form of the basic crystals was found in acid conditions, after agglomeration. The dissolution rate of spherical agglomerates did not decrease as much as predicted from their low specific surface areas because of their improved wettability. The crystallization speed would not only avoid colour loss during the isolation and purification of anthocyanins from their natural sources, but also would increase production, save time and cost. On the other hand, a decrease in the specific surface areas will reduce powder hydroscopicity with subsequent technological and stability advantages.
Determination of 18 Sulfonamide Drugs Residues in Lateolabrax japonicus by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Enhanced Solid Phase Extraction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous determination of 18 sulfonamide drugs residues in fish. The samples were extracted by 1% formic acid acetonitrile and the extracts were purified on enhanced solid-phase extraction column. The 18 sulfonamide drugs were analyzed by CNW Athena C18-WP column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 3 μm) using methanol and 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phases, the sample was analyzed under the multiple reaction monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization(ESI+) and quantify by internal standard. The results showed that good linearities were obtained for the 18 sulfonamides in 5~200 ng/mL (r≥0.9962). The limits of detection and quantification for sulfonamides were 0.11~0.47 and 0.37~1.57 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries at three concentrations ranged from 73.30%~116.9%, with the RSD from 0.29%~7.74% (n=6). The method was simple, accurate, rapid, and highly sensitive. The method was successfully used for measurement of multiple sulfanilamide drugs residues in fish.
Kajian Yuridis Tindak Pidana Gratifikasi Oleh Pejabat Negara

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Corruption is a special criminal act that is regulated outside the Criminal Code (KUHP). Especially because this issue is regulated separately outside the Criminal Code (Criminal Code). Because in accordance with Article 103 of the Criminal Code, it is emphasized that: "The provisions in Chapters II to Chapter VIII of this book also apply to acts which by other statutory provisions are threatened with criminal penalties, unless otherwise provided by law." The criminal act of corruption is categorized as an extraordinary crime that requires extraordinary measures, therefore the participation of various components from both the government and society is very necessary. The conventional methods that have been used have proven to be unable to solve the problem of corruption in society, so handling it must also use extraordinary methods
E-Learning for Knowledge Dissemination

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Today, most organizations need to extend lifelong learning opportunities to their employees in order to be successful in an increasingly competitive global marketplace. Organizations are turning to technological solutions to enable online in-house training and learning for their employees. An integrated approach to e-learning is important because it can be effectively used to analyze employee performance and also to gather information for continuous online and real-time learning of organizational goals to better tailor the educational product and its content. Online learning is made possible by advancements in network infrastructure and the development of voice and multimedia protocols for the seamless transport of information. E-learning involves encouraging the employee to spend time electronically to bring about learning, and to collect information and analyze it with respect to organizational needs, learning processes, and user preferences (Alavi & Leidner, 1999). E-learning ranges from simple computer use in a classroom where instructional materials are stored on a local-area network, to the use of simulation systems used to support teaching activities, or to distance education using broadband-enabled multimedia and shared electronic work spaces. E-learning styles include learner-centric, instructor-centric, and directed environments. E-learning communication modes include synchronous vs. asynchronous modes (time of interaction), and one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many interaction modes. Presentation styles include voice only, voice and video, text only, text and animation, and voice, video, and text. Pedagogical approaches include objectivist, constructivist, and collaborative approaches and situated learning. Also, it is known that learning within organizations is affected by task complexity and the organizational environment (Argyris & Schon, 1996; Bhatt, 2002; Spender, 1996). Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Middle Ear Adenoma. Long-Term Follow-Up of a Rare Neoplasm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite the fact that most of the important research is published in English, articles written in other languages are still being—and will hopefully continue to be—published, and these articles are worth distributing to a worldwide readership. Therefore, it is an excellent idea to select papers from the two German ENT journals, HNO and Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie, and publish their abstracts in the journal of Otology & Neurotology. The articles have been selected primarily on the basis of the quality of the scientific work and the innovation that is introduced within the fields of otology and neurotology. The German-speaking otologists and skull-base surgeons are most grateful to the Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Robert K. Jackler, for this opportunity.
Innovative Uses of Assessments for Teaching and Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Instruction and assessment are so common to teaching and learning that for many readers this may be second nature. There are certainly many kinds of instruction and assessment available to instructors, and these are chosen based on many factors. Where instruction may be more commonly discussed, assessments may be more guarded. Some may view assessments as any resource into understanding more about student learning, while others may view assessments in a narrower sense of hourly exams or final, summative exams. While these tests certainly do qualify as assessments and may have the necessity for being kept guarded (as some reuse tests or some use standardized tests), there are also other kinds of assessments that provide rich information about the efficacy of the instruction. Further, the results of assessments can be used to make decisions, such as course grades, and commonly may be associated with fulfilling that need. However, assessments can provide information to instructors and researchers about many other factors including students’ prior knowledge, conceptual understanding, longitudinal progression of knowledge, and misconceptions. Finally, classroom assessments are valuable tools to reflect locally on instruction and globally to consider student content knowledge when reflected on the longitudinal performance of students and the implications for the program.
Central nervous system organoids for modeling neurodegenerative diseases

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology have allowed researchers to generate neurodegenerative disease‐specific iPSCs and use the cells to derive a variety of relevant cell populations for laboratory modeling and drug testing. Nevertheless, these efforts have faced challenges related to immaturity and lack of complex developmental niches in the derived cell populations, limiting the utility of these in vitro models of neurodegenerative disease. Such limitations may be overcome by using human iPSC technology to generate three‐dimensional (3D) brain organoids, which better recapitulate in vivo tissue architecture than traditional neuronal cultures to provide more complex and representative disease models and drug testing systems. In this review, we focus on the application of pluripotent stem cell‐derived central nervous system (CNS) organoids to model neurodegenerative diseases. We first summarize recent progress in generating and characterizing various CNS organoids from pluripotent stem cells. We then review the application of CNS organoids for modeling several different human neurodegenerative diseases. We also describe several novel pathological mechanisms and drugs that were studied using patient iPSC‐derived CNS organoids. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges and emerging opportunities for the use of 3D brain organoids for in vitro modeling of CNS development and neurodegeneration.
In vitro addition of docosahexaenoic acid improves the quality of cooled but not frozen–thawed stallion semen

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of the addition of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the in vitro quality of cooled and frozen–thawed stallion semen. In Experiment 1, semen from 10 stallions was collected (three ejaculates per stallion). Semen was diluted to 100 × 106 spermatozoa mL–1 with 0.02 mM vitamin E (VE) and 0, 1, 10 or 20 ng mL–1 DHA and frozen. Semen was thawed and total motility (TM), rapid progressive motility (PM), acrosome integrity, membrane fluidity and morphology were assessed. In Experiment 2, semen from three stallions was collected (three ejaculates per stallion) and frozen as in Experiment 1, but VE and DHA were added after thawing. TM and PM were assessed at 30, 60 and 120 min and viability, acrosome integrity and membrane fluidity were evaluated at 30 min. In Experiment 3, semen from five stallions was collected (one to three ejaculates per stallion), diluted to 20 × 106 spermatozoa mL–1 and stored at 4°C. After 1, 24, 48 and 72 h, TM, PM, viability, membrane fluidity and lipid peroxidation were assessed. The addition of DHA had no effect on frozen semen (Experiments 1 and 2) but improved TM, PM and membrane fluidity in cooled stallion semen.
Educational Interventions for Medical Students in Chronic Wound Care—A Scoping Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Wound care education is underrepresented in medical students' curricula. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the published literature on educational methods and interventions used for chronic wound care education, specifically for medical students. A five‐step framework for scoping reviews was used and includes a specific research question, identification of relevant literature, selection of studies, extraction of data and synthesis of the results. In total, six electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase (Ovid), Web of Science, Scopus and APA PsychInfo) were searched with pre‐defined search terms. The selection and evaluation of studies were conducted in a blinded review by three independent reviewers. The review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA‐ScR checklist for scoping reviews. We identified nine suitable studies regarding educational interventions for medical students in wound care. The included papers showed a broad variety of educational approaches, such as online learning tools or hands‐on skills training. The implemented interventions had a positive effect on the students' wound care knowledge and their ability to perform wound care‐related clinical skills. There is no comparison of the effectiveness of the different interventions, and it is not evaluated how effective they are compared to traditional lectures. There remains a need for more wound care education with a focus on the needs of medical students.
Effect of General and Regional Anaesthesia among Diabetic Patients undergoing Surgery: A Retrospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a multisystem metabolic disorder. The techniques of anaesthesia, specifically the usage of general and regional anaesthesia can change (or) modify any residual insulin secretion and catabolic hormones secretion. Aim: To compare and determine the perioperative and postoperative changes in the blood glucose, Blood Pressure (BP), Heart Rate (HR) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score among the diabetic patients under regional and general anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 100 diabetic patients who had undergone surgeries under general and regional anaesthesia was performed. The patients were divided into two groups based on the type of anaesthesia used during surgery. Information pertaining to the level of blood glucose, BP and HR of the diabetic patients under general and regional anaesthesia were retrieved and analysed. Statistical analyses was performed to determine the significance of any differences observed between the two groups. Results: The study revealed that the blood glucose level among the diabetic patients under general and regional anaesthesia was found to be higher in post surgery period when compared to the blood glucose level among the patients in pre surgery period under general and regional anaesthesia. The study also reported that the level of Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and HR among the diabetic patients during surgery under general and regional anaesthesia decreased when compared to the level of SBP among the patients at pre surgery under both general and regional anaesthesia. The level of the SBP post surgery under regional anaesthesia remained the same as pre surgery level. VAS pain score among the patients in general anaesthesia group was found to increase almost instantly after the completion of surgery while that among the regional anaesthesia group was found to increase only after the 3rd or 4th hour of post-surgery. Conclusion: The study concludes that there was an increased intraoperative blood glucose fluctuation, alterations in the BP and HR level among the diabetic patients upon administration of both general and regional anaesthesia.