jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral imaging using active infrared backscatter spectroscopy for detection of trace explosives

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We are using active infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging to detect trace explosives on surfaces at proximal distances up to a few meters. The technology comprises an IR quantum cascade laser (QCL) for illumination and an IR focal plane array (FPA) sensor to collect signal backscattered from surfaces of interest. By sweeping the wavelength of the QCL while collecting image frames with the FPA, we generate an active hyperspectral image (HSI) cube. The HSI cube contains both spatial and spectral information, where the spectrum of a pixel, or region of interest within the image, can be extracted and compared against a known threat library. These cubes are fed into a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on purely synthetic data to identify chemicals in the field of view. The CNN identifies chemicals by their IR signature and identifies their location within the image.
SEISMIC AND PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISATION OF THE ZECHSTEIN HAUPTDOLOMIT PLATFORMS AROUND THE ELBOW SPIT HIGH, DUTCH OFFSHORE

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A multidisciplinary approach combining geological mapping based on seismic and well data with petrographic analyses of core and cuttings samples was used to gain a better understanding of the distribution of Upper Permian (Zechstein, Z2) Hauptdolomit platforms and their depositional facies around the Elbow Spit High in the northern Dutch offshore. A detailed understanding of the Hauptdolomit's lateral facies variability is of great importance for assessing its reservoir potential, since both the thickness and reservoir properties of these carbonate platforms greatly depend on local accommodation within different palaeo‐depositional environments. The platforms generally contain the thickest Hauptdolomit sequences and are largely characterised by a mix of oolitic and coated grainstones, as well as by some dolomicrites. Porosities of around 15% are reached at well E02‐02 within the grainstone intervals, and interconnectivity between the pores is generally present. Seismic mapping has indicated a rim of isolated Hauptdolomit platforms, which are up to 10 km wide, around the southern and NW margins of the Elbow Spit High. No Hauptdolomit platforms are present on the NE margin of the High, likely because the palaeo‐ basin margin was too steep and hence lacked accommodation for carbonate growth. Discoveries made in recent years in the UK sector of the southern North Sea have highlighted the importance of the Hauptdolomit hydrocarbon play, and the results of the current study provide a solid base for assessing the reservoir potential of this play in the relatively underexplored northern part of the Dutch offshore.
Adenotonsillectomy-Reply

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Reply.—I wish to thank Dr Meredith for his kind statements. He has rightly pointed out that tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are procedures that are properly indicated in many conditions. Chronic infection of the tonsils and adenoids leads to poor nutrition and growth, and to loss of resistance to acute intermittent infection. To see a child flourish after an indicated adenotonsillectomy is a significant reward. How to transmit this knowledge to our pediatric colleagues is a challenge facing our specialty. The second point raised by Dr Meredith, the economic inequity of third-party reimbursement, is yet another challenge. The common feeling that adenotonsillectomy is a minor procedure, best performed as an outpatient, certainly contributes to this problem. Why is it that I approach a tonsillectomy-adenoidectomy with far more trepidation than a mastoidectomy? I again thank Dr Meredith for raising these important considerations.
Agronomic and Phenological Differences of Soybean Isolines Differing in Maturity and Growth Habit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of maturity genes (E genes) on flowering, maturity, and the seed filling period of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have previously been described. However, little work has been done to quantify the effect of maturity and growth habit genes on morphological and phenotypic traits. This study quantifies the effects of maturity and growth habit genes on morphological and phenotypic traits to understand better how these genes may be most agronomically beneficial in northern short‐season breeding programs. Four near‐isogenic pairs consisting of e 1 e 3 e 4 , e 1 e 3 E 4 , e 1 E 3 E 4 , and E 1 e 3 e 4 maturity gene combinations containing either indeterminate ( Dt 1 ) or determinate ( dt 1 ) stem termination type were grown near Woodstock, ON, in 1994 and 1995. When averaged across growth habit, the presence of an additional dominant maturity gene significantly increased the time to the start of the seed filling period (SSFP) and days to maturity. Lines with dominant E genes exhibited increased height, final node number, and lodging, and decreased harvest index. Indeterminate growth habit caused increased days to SSFP in 1995, and increased days to maturity, height, and lodging and decreased harvest index in both years. A positive relationship between whole‐plant seed filling rate (SFR) and yield occurred in the Dt 1 lines in both years and occurred in the dt 1 lines in 1994. There was a positive relationship between whole‐plant seed filling period (SFP) and yield in the dt 1 lines in 1995. The E 1 dt 1 line consistently had the highest seed filling rate of any isoline. The data indicated that the E 1 dt 1 combination may have unrealized potential in short‐season breeding programs.
A review of selected research related to the use of techniques of adult education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this thesis was to review the existing research on techniques for adult education and to develop a scheme by which such techniques could be classified in a logical construct. The research reviewed was restricted to that literature pertaining only to educational programmes designed and conducted with adults. The findings of the selected studies on each technique were summarized and the technique was placed in the classification scheme. Many of the existing research studies are not comparable with each other, because of poor research designs and the affect that they were not conceived under the same theoretical framework so that similar variables were not controlled. Research studies dealing with certain techniques were particularly scarce such as those concerned with Information techniques like the lecture, form, panel, debate, symposium and dialogue. The bulk of the research tended to be concerned with techniques involving learner participation, such as group discussion and skill practice. In the case of certain techniques no valid research was found. In addition to research pertaining to techniques, the literature dealing with the classification of techniques for adult education was also examined and the Newberry system was adopted as the most valid for purposes of this study. This system of classification produces a two dimensional scale which placed a technique in terms of the degree of learner Involvement on the one hand, and ascending measures of concreteness of subject matter on the other. On the basis of the research reviewed, each technique considered has been placed in a cell on the Newberry Scale.
The Sensation and the Stimulus: Psychophysics and the Prehistory of the Marburg School

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes the role played by Fechner's psychophysics—the new science meant to measure sensation as a function of the stimulus—in the development of Marburg Neo-Kantianism. It will show how Cohen, in the early 1870s, in order to make sense of Kant's obscure principle of the Anticipations of Perception, resorted to psychophysics' parlance of the relation between stimulus and sensation. By the end of the decade, Cohen's remarks encouraged the early 'Cohen circle' (Stadler, Elsas, Müller) to pursue what were often sophisticated analyses of the problem of the measurability of sensation. This paper argues that in reaction to these contributions, Cohen shifted his interests towards the history of the infinitesimal calculus in his controversial 1883 monograph, Das Princip der Infinitesimal-Methode. This book, with its characteristic amalgam of transcendental philosophy and history of science, paved the way to what, around 1900, would become the "Marburg school" (Natorp, Cassirer, Görland and others). However, it also interrupted a promising discussion in Marburg on the problem of measurability in science.
Improvement of Evolutionary Computation Algorithms Considering Throughput Time for Disassembly and Post Process Scheduling

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Manufacturing enterprises require improving their recycling rates of used products for creating a sustainable society. However, disassembly factories receive many products with different degrees of deteriorations and various disassembly procedures, so it is difficult to efficiently generate a suitable schedule for the disassembly process of products and post processes such as cleaning and inspection. A previous research developed a disassembly and post process scheduling method by using an evolutionary algorithm. Our research proposes an extension of the previous scheduling method by focusing on a throughput-time of disassembly products. A prototype of scheduling system was developed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method from the viewpoint of the total time for disassembly and post processes.
MUSCLE SPINDLES IN HUMAN EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Journal Article MUSCLE SPINDLES IN HUMAN EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES Get access SYBIL COOPER, SYBIL COOPER Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford and Department of Pathology, Radcliffe InfirmaryOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PETER M. DANIEL PETER M. DANIEL Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford and Department of Pathology, Radcliffe InfirmaryOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 72, Issue 1, March 1949, Pages 1–24, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/72.1.1 Published: 01 March 1949
Exploring Open Educational Resources (OER): OER Awareness and Perceptions within STEM Fields

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Open Educational Resources (OER), educational materials permit unrestricted use and adaption, have proven beneficial for cost savings and curriculum flexibility. However, OER are not frequently used in college courses. An OER initiative was designed to understand the factors contribute to increasing access to STEM course materials. This study employed a survey to investigate faculty awareness and usage of OER and explore support needed to increase the use of OER in STEM. Results indicated that one-sixth of the respondents were unaware of OER, and 53% had never used OER. The motivating factors for OER usage included cost-free licenses, day-one availability to students, and increased access. The support strategies for new OER creation included OER workshops, grants, and recognition for OER authoring. In conclusion, the current study fills a gap in the existing literature by documenting motivating factors for faculty to integrate OER into STEM for the first time.
Modern extreme value statistics for Utopian extremes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Capturing the extremal behaviour of data often requires bespoke marginal and dependence models which are grounded in rigorous asymptotic theory, and hence provide reliable extrapolation into the upper tails of the data-generating distribution. We present a toolbox of four methodological frameworks, motivated by modern extreme value theory, that can be used to accurately estimate extreme exceedance probabilities or the corresponding level in either a univariate or multivariate setting. Our frameworks were used to facilitate the winning contribution of Team Yalla to the EVA (2023) Conference Data Challenge, which was organised for the 13$^\text{th}$ International Conference on Extreme Value Analysis. This competition comprised seven teams competing across four separate sub-challenges, with each requiring the modelling of data simulated from known, yet highly complex, statistical distributions, and extrapolation far beyond the range of the available samples in order to predict probabilities of extreme events. Data were constructed to be representative of real environmental data, sampled from the fantasy country of "Utopia"
New Petrological Groups based on Axes from the West Midlands: Second Report of the West Midland Group of the Council for British Archaeology, on the Petrological Investigation of Stone Axes

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Unavoidable delay in preparing a comprehensive report on the nature and distribution of stone implements in the West Midlands has coincided with rapid progress in the examination of axes in some of the more northern counties. As a result, certain new petrological groups which it has been convenient to establish in the West Midland survey, are becoming increasingly relevant to the other areas under investigation, though no published definition of these groups is available. This paper is intended simply to remedy this omission without attempting to discuss questions of typology and distribution. The numbers assigned to the groups is by arrangement with Dr F. S. Wallis and Professor Grimes so as to prevent duplication with work in other areas.
Verification and Integration of Safety Systems for Industrial Robot Cells Using Laser-Based Distance Measurement and Augmented Reality

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The commissioning of robot cells requires an individual safety analysis followed by an appropriate dimensioning of safety components to ensure worker safety. With increasing complexity of robot work cells, developing proper safety concepts becomes more challenging. Therefore, updated validation concepts are needed that support safety engineers and reduce delay due to commissioning. This paper presents a solution to decrease the commissioning time for robot cells due to safety considerations and implementation of measurements. Data from a digital twin (DT) is used to generate test programs that are able to automatically measure relevant safety distances. The virtual robot cell is used to generate robot paths for the real cell. A distance sensor (laser based) measures the distance to relevant objects within the real cell. The programs run automatically, and the safety engineer only defines safety relevant points within the DT. Furter on, augmented reality (AR) is used to visualize safety zones specific to the induvial generated safety concept.
Managing credit transfer from TAFE to university: the case for cross-sectoral collaboration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Federal and state governments in Australia are committed to improving the opportunities for vocational award holders to make a successful t ransition to higher education. However the outcomes of many students granted entry to university on the basis of a vocational award are generally worse than students admitted on the basis of a Year 12 qualification. With weakening domestic demand for university places, unstructured or overgenerous credit transfer may compound the diffi culties faced by articulating students. This research explores the structures for admission of students to the University of Canberra (UC) on the basis of a vocational award co mpleted at the Canberra Institute of Technology (CIT). Under a long-standing articulatio n agreement between the two institutions, over 170 articulation pathways have b een created to enable holders of a CIT Diploma or Advanced Diploma to enter UC Degree courses, and the way in which credit is granted can vary between courses. The authors ex amine three models for determining the credit granted for completed TAFE awards. The management of each model and the learning outcomes of articulating students under ea ch model are analysed and compared. From their analysis of the students’ experiences un der each of the three models, the authors suggest that student transition from TAFE t o university is most effective when credit transfer arrangements are characterised by h igh levels of collaboration at the course delivery level. The authors explore the nature of e ffective cross-sectoral collaboration and identify the ways in which institutions can support collaboration to enhance opportunities for articulating students. The extent to which the outcomes of this study can be generalised to other institutions is discussed.
Impact of Botanical Extracts on Histopathology of Midgut of CSR2 Race of Mulberry Silkworm (Bombyx Mori L.) Inoculated by Staphylococcus Aureus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the present study changes in midgut epithelium of 5th day of 5th instar silkworm race CSR2 infected with a gram-positive bacteria Styphalococcus aureus and plant extract treated group and control group were studied. Large numbers of newly developed cells appeared in the bacteria infected part of the midgut epithelium. After inoculation, and along with their development, the bacteria old columnar cells were discharged into the midgut lumen during development. On the other hand, in the uninfected portion of the midgut only a few cells developed, and no columnar cells were discharged. Similarly, the marked replacement of midgut epithelial cells during larval development were also observed in larvae treated by plant extract. In the larvae infected with S.aureus, the columnar cells lost their regenerative ability, and because of the exfoliation of infected columnar cells, the midgut epithelium consisted mainly of uninfected goblet cells at a late stage of infection. The degree of epithelial regeneration varied with the silkworm strain and the dosage of the bacteria.
The mouse brain after foot shock in four dimensions: Temporal dynamics at a single-cell resolution

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Significance Acute stress involves the majority of brain areas, which can be sequentially organized in functional brain networks as shown by our study with foot shock in mice. We used whole-brain microscopy to investigate different spatial resolutions over time. From mesoscale region–based analyses, we identified the order of activation of brain areas. With single-cell analyses, we analyzed shifts in activation over time within small nuclei—a result impossible to achieve with functional MRI’s resolution. These findings required the development of a four-dimensional (4D) analytical pipeline, which is made available as an R package. This “atlas” of foot shock can be visualized in 4D in our interactive web portal.
Synthesis of new guanidine benzothiazole derivative and its application as Eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Inthis study, new derivative of guanidine dimethylformimidamide(GBC), was synthesized under eco efficient activity as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic medium.The structur and 13C NMR analysis techniques.The corrosion inhibition behavior of the synthesized compound was investigated using electrochemical technique such as potentiodynamic polarization(PDP).Surface morphological features were scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with (EDX).DFT theory was studied to compute theoretical parameters that related to the electronic properties of GBC and shows a good correlation with experimental data.The inhibition efficiency ( %) increases with increasing the concentration of the prepared compound (GBC) from 125 to 500 as follow 78% to 83%.
PBI-4050 reduces expression of fibrosis biomarkers in the BioMAP SAEMyoF primary human small airway epithelial cells and lung myofibroblasts system

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

PBI-4050 is a novel orally active compound which displays anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrotic activities and is presently in clinical phase II in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), in metabolic syndrome associated with diabetes, and in cystic fibrosis related diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PBI-4050 in the BioMAP SAEMyoF primary human cell fibrotic lung disease model. The BioMAP SAEMyoF system is a co-culture of TGF-β/TNF-α-stimulated primary human small airway epithelial cells and lung myofibroblasts that models the biology of fibrotic lung diseases such as IPF. Protein biomarker expression levels relative to vehicle control were determined in cells treated with PBI-4050, and compared to treatments with the anti-fibrotic drug pirfenidone and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib. PBI-4050 key activities included a significant decrease of myofibroblast activation (α-SMA and N-cadherin) and of extracellular matrix production (collagen I and III). PBI-4050 also showed tissue remodeling (reduced MMP9 and PAI-1, increased MMP1) and inflammation-related (reduced I-TAC, M-CSF, MCP-1, IP-10) activities. Pirfenidone had a generally similar profile to PBI-4050, with the exception of increases in VCAM-1, MMP9 and TIMP-1 expression that were not obtained with PBI-4050 treatment. Unlike PBI-4050, nintedanib treatment did not result in reduced α-SMA, N-cadherin, and M-CSF expression, nor increased MMP1. Our results demonstrate that PBI-4050 reduces myofibroblast activation, extracellular matrix production and inflammation in a primary human cell system modeling fibrotic lung diseases, and is a potential novel therapy for the treatment of IPF.
Use of D-[13C6]glucose together with carbon-13-depleted glucose and homonuclear carbon-13 decoupling to identify the labeling pattern by this precursor of the "m-C7N" unit of geldanamycin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of D-[13C6]glucose together with carbon-13-depleted glucose and homonuclear carbon-13 decoupling to identify the labeling pattern by this precursor of the "m-C7N" unit of geldanamycinKenneth L. Rinehart Jr., Maria Potgieter, and David A. WrightCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 9, 2649–2652Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00373a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00373a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts