jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Flipped Classroom Approach in Teaching Science in Senior High School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Teaching in today’s classroom is a complex and challenging profession, in which the integration of technology is widely advocated to meet the demands of 21st-century learning. However, there is limited research on addressing complex topics such as Bioenergetics using the Flipped Classroom Approach. The study investigated (1) students’ economic status, ICT background, and accessibility of ICT devices; (2) students' performance before and after the implementation of the Flipped Classroom Approach, specifically in the different content areas in Bioenergetics; (3) the statistical significance of the performance of the students between the flipped and traditional classroom approaches; and (4) students’ and teacher’s experiences in using the approach. A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was employed with 85 Grade 11 students from a public national high school, comprising two experimental groups: 25 students from ABM, 38 from HUMSS, and a control group of 22 students from GAS. A teacher-made test, aligned with Department of Education standards, was used to assess the student's performance. Statistical analysis using ANOVA confirmed that there was no assignment bias among the groups before treatment. Results showed that the student’s performance was at the lower end of mastery before the implementation. After implementing the Flipped Classroom Approach, scores increased significantly, with students progressing toward mastery in all content areas. Statistical analysis confirmed that the experimental groups outperformed the control group, demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach. The qualitative data from the interviews and focus group discussions, using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis, revealed that students’ and teachers’ experiences aligned with the four pillars of F-L-I-P learning: flexible learning, learning culture, intentional content, and professional educator. The study recommends integrating the flipped classroom approach into subjects with the least learned competencies, expanding student access to ICT devices to support digital learning, and establishing a school-wide Learning Management System for effective implementation.
Climate change linked to vampire bat expansion and rabies virus spillover

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Bat‐borne pathogens are a threat to global health and in recent history have had major impacts on human morbidity and mortality. Examples include diseases such as rabies, Nipah virus encephalitis, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Climate change may exacerbate the emergence of bat‐borne pathogens by affecting the ecology of bats in tropical ecosystems. Here, we report the impacts of climate change on the distributional ecology of the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus across the last century. Our retrospective analysis revealed a positive relationship between changes in climate and the northern expansion of the distribution of D. rotundus in North America. Furthermore, we also found a reduction in the standard deviation of temperatures at D. rotundus capture locations during the last century, expressed as more consistent, less‐seasonal climate in recent years. These results elucidate an association between D. rotundus range expansion and a continental‐level rise in rabies virus spillover transmission from D. rotundus to cattle in the last 50 years of the 120‐year study period. This correlative study, based on field observations, offers empirical evidence supporting previous statistical and mathematical simulation‐based studies reporting a likely increase of bat‐borne diseases in response to climate change. We conclude that the D. rotundus rabies system exemplifies the consequences of climate change augmentation at the wildlife–livestock–human interface, demonstrating how global change acts upon these complex and interconnected systems to drive increased disease emergence.
Herbal medicines use among diabetic patients in Oriental Morocco

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of herbal medicines (HM) use among diabetic patients in Oriental Morocco, in order to establish an updated inventory of HM consumption and determine the predictive factors of their use in our patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study during three months from March, 2013 to May, 2013 including all diabetic patients consulting at the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Mohammed VI University Hospital in Oujda. The study included 279 diabetics (200 women and 79 men). The prevalence of HM use was 54.8%. Females were 3.25 times more likely to use HM. All patients did not inform spontaneously their physicians about HM use. More than fifty species belonging to 29 families were used by our population. The five most common HM used were Salvia officinalis (Labiaceae), Trigonella feoenum graecum (Leguminosae), Olea europea (Oleaceae), Artemisia herba-alba (Asteraceae) and Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceae). Besides, education level (p = 0.027), menopause (p = 0.027), type 2 diabetes (p = 0.05) and taking both oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin injection (p = 0.043) are significant factors associated with HM use. HM is very common among diabetic patients. There is an urgent need for health education regarding the use of herbs in conjunction with conventional medicines. Clinical and randomized trials may be needed in the future to assess the efficacy and the safety of the reported herbs. Key words: Herbal medicines, medicinal plants, phytotherapy, diabetes, Morocco, complementary and alternative medicine.
Characteristics and Performance of RD53A Readout Chip with Small-pixel Silicon Sensors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will be upgraded by a factor of seven to 7.5 × 10 34 cm" 2 s"', hence boosting the physics potential of its experiments. The increased luminosity leads to a higher rate of proton-proton interactions, in the order of 200 events per bunch crossing and a larger dose and fluence. The CMS experiment will upgrade many of its sub-detectors in order to cope with the new experimental conditions. The current tracking system of the CMS will be fully replaced. New pixel sensor designs with pitches of 50 pm × 50 pm and 100 pm × 25 pm for the phase II upgrade of the CMS Inner Tracker are characterised in order to identify the designs which meet the requirements of the High- Luminosity LHC. The sensors are read out by the new RD53A readout chip which has been developed by the RD53 collaboration, a joint effort of the CMS and ATLAS collaborations. As part of the upgrade programme, the RD53A user community evaluates and characterises the performance of the readout chip when equipped with various sensors types. The studies performed on the RD53A chip within the CMS Inner Tracker upgrade research and development programme are presented in this paper. The studies include charge calibration of the RD53A Linear Frontend using X-ray fluorescence, minimum achievable threshold, crosstalk and efficiency and resolution measurements using particle beams.
Prices and Price Controls: Are Price Controls a Policy Instrument?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

How effectively, if at all, do price controls work? The answer to that question has implications for economic policy, for our understanding of history, and also for our understanding of markets. To the policymaker the answer is important in revealing to what extent controls might be used as an instrument of economic management. To the economic historian the answer is of interest for assessing the importance of various influences on the behaviour of the economy. Most generally, if controls do work, then there is a clear possibility that factors in addition to supply and demand affect prices.
STUDY OF LABOR COSTS FOR INSTALLATION OF THE HDPE GEOMEMBRANE OF THE RECHARGEMENT COVERING OF THE LANDFILL №5 OF THE KYIV REGION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article presents the results of studies of labor costs for the complex process of installation of the HDPE geomembrane of the multifunctional reclamation cover of Site No. 1 of the landfill site No. 5 in the village of Pidhirtsi Obukhiv district, Kyiv region. These studies also correspond to the direction of the scientific work of the Department of Construction Technologies of the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture on the topic "Creation of an algorithm and an electronic database for determining time standards for construction processes" (DR No. 0121U108931), scientific supervisor prof. Tonkacheev G.M.HDPE membrane of the AGRU company, 1.5 mm thick, 5.0 m wide, 100 m long, was used for the research. The research was carried out in the area of sector №2 during the laying of a 5x100 m roll geomembrane with an area of 500 m2. 60% of the site was a horizontal surface, and 40% was a 180 degree slope.The timing was used to determine the duration of the following technological operations: unloading geomembrane rolls from a truck with an excavator; moving one roll of geomembrane to the installation site with an excavator; unpacking, rolling, stacking with trimming and leveling of the geomembrane with an excavator; placement of ballast bags with sand to hold the geomembrane (loading); dust removal of geomembrane seams before welding; welding of geomembrane panels with a double seam; inspection of geomembrane seams with a pressure of up to 2 atm, elimination of detected weld defects, applying patches to inspection sites.The experimental laying of the membrane was carried out on a 500 m2 (10 x 50 m) area of the landfill, marked with outriggers for gas drainage - 30 cm (crushed gravel fraction 20-40 mm), without the use of a geotextile layer. According to the research results, labor costs for laying 100 square meters of structured HDPE geomembrane with a thickness of 1.5 mm amounted to 4.982 man-hours, in addition, the working time of the excavator was 1.50 machine-hours.
Impatiens volkensii: Gereau, R.E., Kabuye, C., Kalema, J., Kamau, P., Kindeketa, W., Luke, W.R.Q., Lyaruu, H.V.M., Malombe, I., Mboya, E.I., Mollel, N., Njau, E.-F., Schatz, G.E., Sitoni, D., Ssegawa, P. & Wabuyele, E.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.
The Correlation Between Malondialdehyde Serum Levels and the Duration of Sun Exposure; and Melasma Area and Severity Index in Patients with Melasma in Makassar

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ultraviolet (UV) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of melasma. Ultraviolet rays can cause lipid peroxidation in cell membranes that trigger the generation of free radicals that can stimulate melanocytes to produce many melanin. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the end product of lipid peroxidation in the body. MDA is an important indicator of lipid peroxidation. There are a lot of research has been done in linking MDA to the severity of melasma. But there has not yet any research connecting it with sun exposure in patients with melasma. This study aims to find out the relationship between MDA serum levels and the duration of sun exposure; and Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores in patients with melasma. The research method was the case control study. It used 84 samples divided into two groups: a melasma group consisting of 42 people and a control group consisting of 42 people. The examination was performed with anamnesis, questionnaires, duration score of sun exposure, physical examination and the assessment of MDA serum levels with Thiobutiric acid-reactive substance test reaction. The data were analysed using independent t test, Mann Whitney, and Spearman correlation test. The results show that there is a significant correlation between the levels of MDA with the duration of sun exposure, but the duration of sun exposure is not associated with MASI score. It means that MDA levels are not significantly associated with MASI scores. Free radicals are significantly associated with the duration of sun exposure, but the severity of melasma is not affected by the duration of sun exposure. The severity level of melasma is still much influenced by some other risk factors associated with the pathogenesis of melasma.
Protocol optimisation for micropropagation of Ethiopian yam

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a monocotyledonous tuber forming tropical vine, which belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae, and genus Dioscorea. Yam is well known for medicinal properties, as well as nutritional values. Conventional propagation of yam is limited by low propagation rates; hence, in vitro propagation provides the best alternative to overcome such limitations. The objective of this study was to optimise a protocol for in vitro micro-propagation of Ethiopian yam (D. alata, bulcha variety). Explants were obtained from young leaves of bulcha variety, and sterilised using different concentrations of NaOCl, for different time exposures. Sodium hypochlorite (1%) at 15 minutes exposure time, showed 100% survival of explants. The combination of 0.5 BAP with 1mgl-1 NAA was the best concentration for shoot induction. For shoot multiplication, BAP at 1.5 mg l-1 gave the highest shoots per explants (7.28±0.07), with shoot length of 8.72±0.43 cm. MS medium with 2.0 mg l-1 NAA and 1.5 mg l-1 IBA gave the highest rooting percentage and root number (10.6±0.44), with a root length of 13.80±0.44. In vitro acclimatised plantlets,which were transferred to a greenhouse for hardening, had 90% survival rate on soil medium. Thus, for micropropagation of bulcha yam variety, MS + 1.5 mg l-1 and MS plus 2.0 mg l-1 NAA + 1.5 mg l-1 IBA is the best phytohormonal combination for shoot multiplication and invitro rooting, respectively.
The genus Xiphinema (Nematoda: Longidoridae) in Guyane and Martinique

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary- This article presents me results ofsurveys conducted in Guyane and Martinique during 1994/1995. Seven speciesofXiphinema eX. amencanum sensu lalO, X. basiri, X. c!avicaudalllm, X. costaricense, X. filicaudalUm labralUm, X. tongicaudalUm,and X. OIyzae) are briefly described and illustrated. X. basiri and X. longicaudalUm are described for me first time from SouthAmerica. Three new Xiphinema species are described: Xiphinema labiosum n. sp. is characterised by peri-oralring, small, cres­cent-shapedamphid aperture, lip region almost continuous with body outline, and weakly curved to almost straight habitus.Xiphinema pseudokrugi n. sp. is characterised by incomplete anterior reproductive branch, vulva situated almost at mid-body,slight cuticular ornamentations anterior and posterior of vulva, and a convex-conoid tail wim a rounded or slightly bulgingterminus. Xiphinema seinhorsti n. sp. is characterised by long, offset, caudal, finger-likeprojection on me ventral side ofme tail,presence ofa blind canal at me tail terminus, long odontostyle, and uterus wim Z-differentiationconsisting ofa small numberofgranular bodies. © OrstomlElsevier, ParisResume - Legenre Xiphinema (Nematoda: Longidoridae) en Guyane et Martinique - Cet article presente les resultatsde prospections conduites en 1994/1995 en Guyane et Martinique. Sept especes de Xiphinema
A comparison of models for predicting the maximum spreading factor in droplet impingement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The maximum spreading factor during droplet impact on a dry surface is a pivotal parameter of a range of applications, including inkjet printing, anti-icing, and micro-droplet transportation. It is determined by a combination of the inertial force, viscous force, surface tension, and fluid–solid interaction. There are currently a series of qualitative and quantitative prediction models for the maximum spreading factor rooted in both momentum and energy conservation. However, the performance of these models on consistent experimental samples remains ambiguous. In this work, a comprehensive set of 785 experimental samples spanning the last four decades is compiled. These samples encompass Weber numbers ranging from 0.038 to 2447.7 and Reynolds numbers from 9 to 34 339. A prediction model is introduced that employs a neural network, which achieves an average relative error of less than 16.6% with a standard error of 0.018 08 when applied to the test set. Following this, a fair comparison is presented of the accuracy, generality, and stability of different prediction models. Although the neural network model provides superior accuracy and generality, its stability is weaker than that of Scheller's We-Re-dependent formula, chiefly due to the absence of physical constraints. Subsequently, a physics-informed prediction model is introduced by considering a physical loss term. This model demonstrates comprehensive enhancements compared to the original neural network, and the average relative and standard errors for this model are reduce to 13.6% and 0.010 59, respectively. This novel model should allow for the rapid and precise prediction of the maximum spreading factor across a broad range of parameters for various applications.
Supplementary Table 2 - OrgC + Se Liquid Culture Biomass Weights

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fungi for this experiment were cultured in liquid media (with or without Se(IV)) for a certain time frame (up to 23 days) and harvested using a pre-weighed 0.2 µm mixed cellulose ester filter. Fungal biomass and any associated Se solids were dried overnight at room temperature and weighed again the next day. Biomass weight reported here is that of the all dried components minus the original filter weight.
Research Needs in Irrigation and Drainage—1989

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The spatial applicability of current irrigation and drainage research, technological advancements, and institutional problems provide new research opportunities. The following is a research needs list developed by the administrative and technical committees of the Irrigation and Drainage Division of the ASCE. The categories include water conveyance and control, plant water requirements, water quality, groundwater, surface water, and weather modification. Priority of these potential research areas is left to the reader; however, two critical topics must be emphasized. The quality of water (surface and ground) is of major concern from all segments of the population. Multidisciplinary programs must be developed to. improve the measurement and modeling of chemical movement from the vadose zone to aquifer systems, evaluation of risk of human exposure to contaminated water, etc. Declining water supplies and competition from other uses will probably reduce the level of irrigated agriculture in the western United States. Improved, more economically viable management practices and alternatives must be developed that consider the social, political, and environmental organizations which are increasingly more involved in water resources management.
An Investigation of Indoor Constructed Wetlands for Treatment of Domestic Greywater: Preliminary Findings

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

An Investigation of Indoor Constructed Wetlands for Treatment of Domestic Greywater: Preliminary Findings Author(s)Carolyn ChanKhosrow FarahbakhshSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Oct, 2013ISSN1938-6478DOI10.2175/193864713813716741Volume / Issue2013 / 7Content sourceWEFTECCopyright2013Word count14
The continuum limit of a classical 3-component, one-dimensional Heisenberg model is Brownian motion on the surface of a sphere

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We show by explicit computation that when the temperature T is chosen as a function of the lattice spacing ε so that the correlation length stays fixed at one as ε→0, then the correlation functions of a classical one-dimensional Heisenberg model converge as ε→0 to the correlation functions of Brownian motion on the surface of a sphere. We remark that this provides a ’’statistical mechanical’’ construction of Brownian motion on the surface of a sphere.
Getting the Measure of Prosocial Behaviors: A Comparison of Participation and Volunteering Data in the National Child Development Study and the Linked Social Participation and Identity Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Measures of prosocial behavior can influence policy, legislation, investment, and inform assessments of the overall state of society. Evidence suggests that methods are important in determining these measures. To widen and deepen our understanding of the complex relationship between these items, we compared participation and volunteering data from a national birth cohort study (National Child Development Study [NCDS]) with data from a linked qualitative study, the Social Participation and Identity Study (SPIS). We evaluated the strengths and prosocial behavior content of each and explored possible links between their respective methodologies and participation and volunteering estimates. We found that prompts and probes were associated with higher estimates and narrow filter questions with lower estimates. The SPIS afforded detailed insights into lived experiences and personal narratives of volunteering and participating, whereas the NCDS supported analysis of these behaviors over time and from a lifecourse perspective. Implications for researchers and policy makers are considered.
Accounting for a Fruitful Little Ice Age: Overlapping Scales of Climate and Culture in Württemberg, 1560–1590

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article questions a popular narrative of how the Little Ice Age (LIA) shaped the modern world. In that narrative, a cold phase of the LIA in Europe from around 1560 to 1630 caused crises that Europeans conceptualized in premodern terms. To them, a wrathful God was angry at human sin. As a remedy, they scapegoated and persecuted certain groups of people. Those mentalities and actions, the narrative holds, later gave way to more enlightened ones as societies developed better mechanisms for mitigating the effects of climate. In contrast to that account, the following case study demonstrates that central Europeans in the Duchy of Württemberg had a more complex conception of climate and even maintained that their region was blessed by God over the first three decades of this era, from 1560 to 1590. These findings advance new research directions in the field of the history of climate and society. The article models a multiscalar methodology for discovering and analyzing the causal mechanisms mediating between climate and human societies. Uncoupling the LIA in Europe from a narrative of global modernization allows for more accurate and more needed climate histories.
Production Of Peptone From Waste Beer Industry Using Papain for Bacterial Growth Medium

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An experiment was conducted to hydrolyze waste of beer industry using papain to produce peptone. Papain with activity of 691.5 units based on casein substrat was used in this experiment. Results showed that optimum conditions for hydrolysis processes were as follows : substrate concentration 3.2%, papain concentration 0.4%, temperature 60-70OC, pH 6.0, hydrolysis time 5 hours. With 5 liter fermentation jar as much as 3.8 liter of hydrolyzate could be produced with 19.23% of peptone. The resulting peptone had the following characteristics : solubility 90.7%, N-amino 3.25%, N-total 11.23%, protein 70.19%, water 5.5% and ash 7.9%. This peptone gave the same effectivity for bacterial growth as that fron commercial Bacto peptone and Yeast extract to support the bacterial growth. Key words : Peptone, waste of beer industry, papain, bacterial growth medium.