jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Extramedullary acute myeloid leukaemia: isolated leukaemic pleural and pericardial effusions without marrow disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 74-year-old man presented with a 3-week history of shortness of breath and was found to have large pleural and pericardial effusions. In addition a whole body computerized tomography scan (top left) showed low volume lymphadenopathy. Full blood count, renal function tests and lactate dehydrogenase were normal. Multiple biopsies, including from bone marrow, were performed to look for any evidence of lymphoma. Axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes and pleural biopsy were unremarkable but his bone marrow aspirate showed 30% small lymphoid cells (bottom left). There was no morphological or immunophenotypic evidence of acute leukaemia. A pleural fluid cytospin, however, showed a mixed population of cells with monocytic predominance and some cells containing Auer rods (top right). Myeloperoxidase staining (bottom right) and flow cytometry showed 65% myeloid blasts (positive for CD34, CD33, CD117 and CD64 with aberrant CD7 and CD56 expression) and CD5-positive clonal B cells with the immunophenotype of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma constituted 7% of cells. Cytogenetic analysis of pleural fluid was normal. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging did not show any evidence of chloroma and demonstrated good left ventricular function. The final diagnosis was of isolated extra-medullary acute myeloid leukaemia with leukaemic pleural and pericardial effusions with an incidental diagnosis of occult small lymphocytic lymphoma. A cytospin and immunophenotyping of pleural fluid after the first cycle of daunorubicin plus cytarabine showed clearance of blast cells but persisting monocytes.
Low level diode laser therapy on wound healing post gingivectomy

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Aim.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level diode laser therapy on wound healing after gingivectomy.Methods.Forty patients (male and female) with ages ranged from 20-40 years, and who received gingivectomy were participated in this study.They were selected randomly from dental outpatient clinic at Badr university in Cairo and randomly divided into two equal groups, including the study group (A) and control group (B).The study group (A) was irradiated with Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) laser of wavelength 850 nm for 4 sessions on day 0, 3, 7 and day 14 post gingivectomy, while the control group (B) received placebo laser.Assessment of healing was done before starting the first session (day 0), after session (days 7 and 14) and follow up on day 21.The healing assessed by Landry index.Results.The results of this study supported that the low-level diode laser therapy was significantly effective (p < 0.001) on wound healing in patients after gingivectomy.Conclusion.It was concluded that the low-level diode laser therapy is an effective method for increasing wound healing after gingivectomy.
Stage IV advanced diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in human immunodeficiency virus infection with achieving cure by using highly active antiretroviral therapy alone: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

After the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), there has been a decrease in the incidence of lymphoma among the HIV-infected population and also significantly improved survival rates. We describe a remarkable case of an HIV-infected patient with advanced stage IV diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), completely regressed with the use of HAART alone. He remained disease-free for 6 years and he achieved cure without chemotherapy. Although several cases of low-grade lymphoma with complete regression were reported, we could not find any case of stage IV high-grade malignant lymphoma with HAART alone in complete remission for over 5 years from our review of the literature. This unique case shows the importance of HAART in improving survival and achieving cure in HIV–high-grade malignant lymphoma.
Performance of a simplified amplify-and-forward relaying with adaptive modulation over Rayleigh-fading channels

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a simplified amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying scheme with adaptive modulation to maximize the spectral efficiency. We derive the closed-form expressions of the average spectral efficiency and outage probability of the proposed scheme over Rayleigh fading channels. The analysis results are verified by using Monte Carlo simulation. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only has simplified receiver architecture, but also can offer similarly high spectral efficiency as the MSE-AM scheme proposed in, when the relay link is stronger enough than the direct link.
Credibility and COVID-19: The Effects of Instagram Comment Moderation Affordances and Source Type

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The need for credible information, including news and public health guidance, is high during the global COVID-19 pandemic, and publics are turning to social media to seek such information. Extant research has shown that the use of various technological affordances can affect social media users’ perceptions of message and source credibility. Still, the effects of affordances on perceived credibility have been relatively underexplored on Instagram. Moreover, Instagram allows users to limit comments on their posts, a unique capability that can be understood as a comment moderation affordance. This 2x2 experimental study (n = 149) explored the effects of an Instagram comment moderation affordance (comments not limited vs. comments limited) and source type (news organization vs. public health organization) on Instagram users’ perceptions of message and source credibility in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. While limiting comments did not have a significant effect on perceived source or message credibility, source type did significantly affect perceived source credibility. No significant interaction effects were found. While contributing to the limited research on the use of Instagram comment moderation affordances, the findings also have practical implications for social media managers of news and public health organizations navigating public health crisis situations.
Transformation with Artificial Chromosomes in Oxytricha trifallax and Their Applications

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Oxytricha trifallax, like other ciliates, has separate germline and somatic nuclei. The diploid germline genome in the micronucleus is composed of long conventional chromosomes. The macronucleus contains a somatic genome which is naturally fragmented into thousands of kilobase-sized chromosomes. Here, we develop a method to stably incorporate artificial chromosomes into the macronucleus. We report two cases of successful transformation and demonstrate the use of somatic transformation to investigate gene regulation and gene function in Oxytricha. We show that the transformed artificial chromosomes are maintained through multiple asexual divisions. Furthermore, they support the transcriptional regulation of the native chromosome from which they were derived and are translated to produce functional proteins. To test if transformed chromosomes are amenable to practical applications, we generated a tagged version of a representative gene (AL1) and used it to co-precipitate associated proteins. This revealed an association with nucleic acid binding proteins, specifically RNA-binding proteins, and RNA immunoprecipitation of AL1 revealed its association with multiple RNAs. The use of artificial chromosomes in Oxytricha enables an array of genetic and molecular biological assays, as well as new avenues of inquiry into the epigenetic programming of macronuclear development and genome rearrangement.
Antibacterial Bacteriological Swabs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

p. 880) on the technique employed by Dr.R. E. Loder.I have been concerned with this subject for the past 20 years.Before the introduction of muscle relaxants, when ether was used as the main agent in all anaesthetics requiring muscular relaxation, in order to avoid the unpleasant after-effects of ether I began to use a combination of light anaesthesia with Pentothal (thiopentone), N20, and oxygen with various regional blocks (intercostal for abdominal operations, para- vertebral for herniotomies, and pre-sacral for haemorrhoidectomy).When curare and like
Effect of cocaine on noradrenaline contractions of mesenteric vein: pre- or postjunctional mechanism?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Effect of cocaine on noradrenaline contractions of mesenteric vein: pre- or postjunctional mechanism? Get access P C O'Connor, P C O'Connor Department of Physiology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK Department of Medicine, The Royal Infumary, Glasgow, Scotland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P Slater P Slater Department of Physiology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 33, Issue 1, September 1981, Pages 58–60, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1981.tb13708.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 06 June 1980 Published: 12 April 2011
On Automatic Categorization of Open Source Software

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The number of Open Source software systems is increas-ing at a rapid rate. For example, SourceForge currently has about fifty-five thousand software systems registered, twenty-two thousand of which were added in the past twelve months. With such a large number of software projects, lo-cating the right project for a given purpose can obviously be quite challenging. We propose to use automatic software categorization to address this challenge. At present, we leave open the issue of the nature of the categorization, and explore several known approaches like code clones-based similarity metric, decision trees, and latent semantic analy-sis. The results from applying each of the approaches gives us some insights into the problem space, and sets some di-rections for further work. 1.
Conducting Low Cost Community-Engaged Health Research with Deaf American Sign Language Users

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background. Deaf American Sign Language (ASL) users represent an understudied linguistic/cultural minority group experiencing social disenfranchisement leading to a myriad of health inequities. Community-engaged and community-based participatory research is a best practice when working with Deaf ASL-users; yet, prior research using large funding mechanisms from governmental organizations is mostly unattainable by community organizations. The purpose of this study was to conduct a pilot survey assessing the feasibility of community-engagement methods to administer a low cost, community-oriented, accessible health survey among Deaf ASL-users in Florida. Methods. We established a community advisory workgroup of representatives from major Deaf-serving organizations and higher density localities. The community-academic partnership developed an accessible health survey available in ASL and English. The pilot survey was administered over a three-month period in summer 2018 using convenience sampling strategies including in-person recruitment at community events, and advertisements through Facebook and community e-mail lists. Results. Our recruitment strategy yielded 92 eligible, and diverse, respondents from across the state of Florida. We provide lessons learned from our strategy including considerations for including community members as translation reviewers; recruiting participants across a large geographic area with limited time; and, informed consent strategies. Conclusions. Limited resource environments are pervasive in public health practice and in the communities we serve. Using data from this pilot survey, we identified recommendations for future study methodology to improve community-orientation and participant recruitment among this priority population.
Neuroproteomics Chip-Based Mass Spectrometry and Other Techniques for Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers – Update

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of growing interest given that there is cognitive damage and symptom onset acceleration. Therefore, it is important to find AD biomarkers for early diagnosis, disease progression, and discrimination of AD and other diseases. Objective: The objective of this study is to update the relevance of mass spectrometry for the identification of peptides and proteins involved in AD useful as discriminating biomarkers. Methods: Proteomics and peptidomics technologies that show the highest possible specificity and selectivity for AD biomarkers are analyzed, together with the biological fluids used. In addition to positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is widely used to identify proteins and peptides involved in AD. The use of protein chips in SELDI technology and electroblotting chips for peptides makes feasible small amounts (μL) of samples for analysis. Results: Suitable biomarkers are related to AD pathology, such as intracellular neurofibrillary tangles; extraneuronal senile plaques; neuronal and axonal degeneration; inflammation and oxidative stress. Recently, peptides were added to the candidate list, which are not amyloid-β or tau fragments, but are related to coagulation, brain plasticity, and complement/neuroinflammation systems involving the neurovascular unit. Conclusion: The progress made in the application of mass spectrometry and recent chip techniques is promising for discriminating between AD, mild cognitive impairment, and matched healthy controls. The application of this technique to blood samples from patients with AD has shown to be less invasive and fast enough to determine the diagnosis, stage of the disease, prognosis, and follow-up of the therapeutic response.
Highly efficient and tunable terahertz polarization converter based on double subwavelength metallic gratings infiltrated with liquid crystal

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this work, a tunable cross-polarized transmission structure at the terahertz frequency was demonstrated, and the polarization state during modulation was investigated. The proposed structure can significantly enhance the polarization conversion performance of nematic liquid crystals by leveraging the formation of a Fabry–Perot-like resonant cavity that consists of two metal gratings. As a result, the incident waves are continuously reflected in the liquid crystal layer to complete the accumulation of polarization angle changes. From the experimental results acquired, it was concluded that the insertion loss of the cross-polarization transmission was less than 3 dB and the extinction ratio was larger than 28 dB in the frequency range of 388–426 GHz. Our work provides useful insights for improving the efficiency of cross-polarization conversion by enhancing the resonance process in a Fabry–Perot-like resonant cavity and, thus, significantly extending the equivalent optical path.
Shape Optimization of Splitter Blade in a Centrifugal Pump

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the design method of the splitter blade impeller in a centrifugal pump with low specific speed was investigated. The objective is to develop the pump with both high efficiency and high cavitation performance. The splitter blade was optimized using multi-objective optimization method. As a result, internal flow between the long blade and the short one was improved. During the optimization process, the most influential parameter on the cavitation performance was extracted. In addition, the design method for reducing the computational cost using optimization framework was investigated.
Hybrid conditional planning for service robotics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Planning is an indispensable ability for intelligent service robots operating in unstructured environments. Given service robots commonly have incomplete knowledge about and partial observability of handle such uncertainty. Moreover, the plans they compute should be feasible for real-world execution. Conditional planning is concerned with reaching goals from an initial state, in the presence of incomplete knowledge and partial observability; by utilizing sensing actions. Since all contingencies are considered in advance, a conditional plan is essentially a tree of actions where the root represents the initial state, leaves represent goal states, and each branch of the tree from the root to a leaf represents a possible execution of (deterministic) actuation actions and (non-deterministic) sensing actions to reach a goal state. Hybrid conditional planning extends conditional planning further by integrating lowlevel feasibility checks into executability conditions of actuation actions in conditional plans. We introduce a parallel offline algorithm called HCPlan, for computing hybrid conditional plans in robotics applications. HCPlan relies on modeling actuation actions and sensing actions in the causality-based action description language C+, and computation of the branches of a conditional plan in parallel using a SAT solver. In particular, thanks to external atoms, continuous feasibility checks (such as collision and reachability checks) are embedded into causal laws representing actuation actions and sensing actions; and thus each branch of a hybrid conditional plan describes a feasible execution of actions to reach their goals. Utilizing causal laws that describe iv non-deterministic effects of actions, sensing actions can be explicitly formalized; and thus each branch of a conditional plan can be computed without necessitating an ordering of sensing actions in advance. Furthermore, we introduce two different extensions of our hybrid conditional planner HCPlan: HCPlan-Anytime and HCPlan-Reactive. HCPlan-Anytime computes a partial hybrid conditional plan within a given time, by generating the branches with respect to their probability of execution. HCPlan-Reactive computes a hybrid conditional plan with a receding horizon. These extensions trade-off completeness of hybrid conditional plans for improved computation time, and provide useful important variations towards real-time use of the hybrid conditional planning. We develop comprehensive benchmarks for service robotics domain and evaluate our approach over these benchmarks with extensive experiments in terms of computational efficiency and plan quality. We compare HCPlan with other related conditional planners and approaches. We further demonstrate the usefulness of our approach in service robotics applications through dynamic simulations and physical implementations.
Youth Unemployment and Health in Germany

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Throughout the 1990s the condition of the German labour market has suffered continuous deterioration. The labour force participation rate declined; the unemployment rate rose, and an increasing number of long-term unemployed has plagued the Federal Republic's economic situation for years. The real extent of unemployment in Germany as a whole is well over the given figure of 4.4 million for 1977. The so-called hidden labour force (jobseekers who are willing and able to work but who are not registered with the employment office) is around 1.6 million (not including job scheme participants). On top of this there are over 2 million people involved in labour-oriented sociopolitical schemes. If these figures are taken into account, Germany has a current shortfall of some 7 million jobs (Kieselbach, 1998).KeywordsLabour MarketYoung PeoplePsychosocial StressFinancial SituationLabour Force Participation RateThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
[A phase I study of docetaxel (TXT) and doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) combination therapy in patients with advanced and recurrent breast cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We investigated efficacy and tolerance of chemotherapy with doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) and docetaxel (TXT) in advanced/recurrent breast cancer. Subjects were enrolled by central registration. The regimen included 5'-DFUR orally for 14 consecutive days, and TXT intravenously on day 8. It was repeated every 3 weeks, as long as possible, including dosage levels of 5 scheduled steps. Patient registration was started in August 1999 and 5 patients given level 1 regimen (5'-DFUR, 800 mg/day; TXT, 50 mg/m2) were evaluated. Although the results revealed neutropenia of grade 3 in 4/5 patients and leukocytopenia in 2/5 patients, no other side effects were observed. Taking into consideration the toxicity profiles of each drug in level 1, a level 2b regimen (5'-DFUR, 800 mg/day; TXT, 60 mg/m2) was accepted. Seven patients were registered for level 2b dosage and were examined for the safety of the regimen. Two patients discontinued the level 2b regimen due to percutaneous adverse reactions (DLT) and 6/7 patients developed neutropenia of grade 4. Clinical effects in level 1 group included: 1 CR, 2 PR, 1 long NC (NC longer than 24 weeks), and 1 NE, for a response rate of 60.0% (3/5 patients). Those in level 2b included: 2 CR, 2 PR, 1 NC, and 2 NE, for a response rate of 57.1% (4/7 patients). Based on the safety and efficacy of the combined therapy, the recommended dosage of this regimen is 5'-DFUR, 800 mg/day, combined with TXT, 60 mg/m2. A Phase II study is being conducted using this dosage.
The Hinterland Strategy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter describes the concept of what constituted a “frontier,” which was always fluid in the early days of the crusader states. It talks about the Franks' intention to control the interior of the Christian states of Palestine and the Syrian littoral. It analyzes the strategic context of crusaders in recapturing cities of the hinterland and held against the inevitable Muslim counteroffensives. The chapter looks at the northern Christian states that had been able to move forward with the “hinterland strategy” before 1125. It also recounts major Muslim cities that were attacked by crusaders in increasingly desperate attempts to open up the interior, such as Aleppo that was the objective for two serious campaigns and Shaizar that was besieged twice.
Clinical inconsistency, benign course and normal employment rates in unselected systemic lupus erythematosus.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Of 65 unselected SLE patients from a defined population, 61 were sequentially followed for two years with an SLE supervision programme. The cumulative clinical manifestations included a relatively high frequency of pulmonary vascular disease and gastrointestinal involvement. Flares were more common during the summer season and a change in the clinical manifestations occurred in 10 of 16 patients with major flares and in 4 of 13 patients with minor flares. ESR, S-orosomucoid, S-CRP, and C1r-C1s-C1 IA complexes, indicating C1 activation, were shown to distinguish inactive from active disease. The prevailing overall benignancy was reflected in a low mortality rate, limited need for treatment or hospitalisation, and good response to moderate dosages of corticosteroids in severe flares. The proportion of patients in gainful employment was comparable to that in the normal population, though absence due to sickness was more common in the SLE group. Joint complaints and mild psychiatric disturbance were the most common causes of enduring incapacity.