jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ecology in Times of Scarcity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In an energy-scarce future, ecosystem services will become more important in supporting the human economy. The primary role of ecology will be the sustainable management of ecosystems. Energy scarcity will affect ecology in a number of ways. Ecology will become more expensive, which will be justified by its help in solving societal problems, especially in maintaining ecosystem services. Applied research on highly productive ecosystems, including agroecosystems, will dominate ecology. Ecology may become less collegial and more competitive. Biodiversity preservation will be closely tied to preservation of productive ecosystems and provision of high ecosystem services. Restoration and management of rich natural ecosystems will be as important as protection of existing wild areas. Energy-intensive micromanagement of ecosystems will become less feasible. Ecotechnology and, more specifically, ecological engineering and self-design are appropriate bases for sustainable ecosystem management. We use the Mississipp...
By Studying the Early-flowering Plant Flora of the Upper River Shui within the Site "Shuya" Natural Park "Tyva" (Republic of Tuva)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Key words : flora, natural park, Shui river, Tuva. Annotation : The article contains the results of studies of flora early-flowering plants cluster Shuya natural park Tyva. It presents an annotated list of identified species, as well as rare and endemic representatives of the local flora.
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum BW 986

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum
Common name(s): Wheat
Other names: II35058-26Y-3M-2Y-0M
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico
Local sample unique identifier: BW 986
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1972
Other identifiers: n/a,BW986, n/a,CID 267592 SID 5, n/a,6IBWSN103, n/a,GID 2162310
Historical: No
Biological status: Advanced or improved cultivar
MLS status: Included
Melanoma Incidence and Mortality Trends Among Patients Aged 59 Years or Younger in Sweden

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Importance Over the past decades, many global regions have experienced a steady increase in the incidence of cutaneous melanoma. However, more recently, a downward trend has been observed in the younger age groups in Australia and the US. Yet, in Europe, none of the countries have reported any significant decline in melanoma incidence for any age group. Objective To assess melanoma incidence and mortality trends in Sweden, with a focus on individuals younger than the average age of melanoma onset. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data on the national population from the Swedish Melanoma Registry and the Swedish Cancer Registry, which cover more than 99% of all primary invasive cutaneous melanomas diagnosed in the country. All patients diagnosed from 1990 to 2022 were included. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence and mortality rates per 100 000 inhabitants were calculated for each year and shown as average annual rates for every 5-year period from 1990 to 2022. Joinpoint regression models were used to evaluate statistical significance of temporal trends and points of change. Results There were 34 800 primary invasive cutaneous melanomas (19 582 [56.3%] in females and 15 218 [43.7%] in males) reported in 33 324 individuals younger than 60 years (median [IQR] age, 48 [36-58] years) from 1990 to 2022. A consistent rise in melanoma incidence was observed among those 50 to 59 years old. The age groups from 20 to 29 years, 30 to 39 years, and 40 to 49 years showed an incidence peak in 2013 to 2015 followed by stable or significantly declining rates until 2022. In patients younger than 20 years, melanoma incidence remained low with no significant trends. There was also a significant decline in melanoma mortality among 30- to 59-year-old individuals, but not in those 60 years and older. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cohort study showed a significant recent downward trend in both melanoma incidence and melanoma mortality in the age group 30 to 49 years in Sweden. The reasons for these declines are unclear but may include UV protection, public health campaigns, changing population demographics, and the introduction of effective melanoma treatment. None of these possibilities were evaluated; further study is needed.
Smart Distribution Transformers: Non-Invasive Sensing to Enable Business Transformation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The solution presented here addresses the condition monitoring and diagnosis of distribution transformers, with analytics for decision support to investment planning and predictive maintenance throughout the life-span of each and every installed distribution transformer. Automated diagnosis enabled by real-time condition monitoring of transformers paves the way for new ways to manage transformer fleets with operational efficiency improvements and business innovative opportunities.
Analysis of Clinical Common Pathogenic Bacteria Distribution and Drug Resistance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the distribution and rule of pathogen strains in the third quarter and fourth quarter of 2012, and to provide the basis for clinical medication. Methods To retrospectively analyze the bacterial culture and drug susceptibility test results in the third quarter and the fourth quarter of 2012. Results There were isolated 932 plants in the third quarter, and 915 plants isolated in the fourth quarter. Heavy drug resistance rates of detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa decrease slightly. There was more multiple drug resistance of A. baumanii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the fourth quarter than in the third one. ConclusionsThe resistant strain increases in the fourth quarter. We should attach importance to the clinical examination, bacterial drug resistance monitoring, and rational use of antimicrobial agents.
A non-acid-fast coccoid precursor--possible cultivable phase of Mycobacterium leprae.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A non-acid-fast coccoid organism isolated from human leproma, and skin and nasal smears of leprosy patients shows tendency to revert to an acid-fast mycobacterial form during test tube passages. One of these coccoid isolates gave strong DOPA oxidase activity. There is also preliminary evidence of mycobacterial conversion from these coccoids in intraperitoneally inoculated mice. The possibility that these non-acid-fast coccoids could be a cultivable precursor phase of M. leprae has been raised and discussed.
THE ECONOMICS OF GREENING THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL ARTS FESTIVAL

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper analyzes the broad history underpinning the concept of sustainable development and its context within the events industry and specifically with regards to the South African National Arts Festival. A pilot contingent valuation study conducted at the 2010 National Arts Festival determined that the average visitor was willing to pay an extra ZAR 2.30 (approximately US$ 0.30) per ticket for a recycling programme to be established to process the waste generated by the event. While the paper concluded that the theoretical basis of the study was sound, a larger sample size would have been preferred so as to enhance the model‘s predictive power
Replay Attack of Dynamic Rights within an Authorised Domain

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Digital rights management (DRM), unlike access control techniques, associates content with a rights object specifying content usage rules. The rights object is always bound with content and enforced wherever content is transferred and used. Such a rights object, in many cases, contains dynamic rights, which change with usage and time, e.g. play period, print count, and expire after a specific period. Most existing DRM techniques do not address the replay attack problem for dynamic rights. This problem has the greatest impact when the DRM mechanisms get integrated with authorised domains. In this paper we mainly focus on the replay attack for dynamic rights when it is transferred between member devices in an authorised domain, and when it is restored from an old backup enabling the reuse of an expired license. We also propose a novel mechanism for controlling and managing the consumption of dynamic rights between member devices in a domain. This is to provide a controlled environment for a user to transfer dynamic rights back and forth between domain devices in order to use content on any device member in the domain at a chosen time.
Smart Mobility: Foundational Technologies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Foundational technologies represent smart mobility's building blocks that can be used to effectively develop and underpin important new products and services. Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT), Geographic Information System (GIS), wireless communication, mobile cloud computing, blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), robotics, and electrification are discussed in this chapter as examples of foundational technologies for smart mobility systems and services.
Route Optimization of Milk-Run Model of FAW International Logistics Components

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aiming at the problem of the low capacity and high cost of the distribution mode of auto parts, low complexity time window, not meeting the demand of parts of JIT, this paper theoretically proposes a milk-run model based on 3PL, and per the characteristics of the model, adding dynamic supplier delivery time window conditions, optimization model is established using path search algorithm taboo. Combined with the data of 14 suppliers of FAW international logistics center, this algorithm is used to plan the optimal path, making cost savings of 67%. The application further verifies the milk-run model to balance the parts supplier transportation cost reduction and the demand of parts of automakers JIT, providing a way for China's automobile manufacturing enterprises to implement and improve the milk-run parts delivery project.
ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF CROPS ROTATION AND GREEN MANURING PRECEDING THE CULTIVATION OF NO-TILL SYSTEM CORN IN THE CERRADO

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In search of minimizing the environmental impacts of agricultural production it is necessary the use of techniques which make larger production sustainability possible and bring economic return to the producer. In this context, the present work had the objective to evaluate, in a typical Cerrado soil, the economic viability of crops rotation and green manure (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp; Crotalaria juncea (L.); Eleusine coracana (L.); Pennisetum americanum (L.)) or fallow land in the yield of corn cultivated in notill system. The production information used were collected in the 2003/2004 harvest, in a test carried out in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, and the costs of farm inputs and production price were obtained in September 2004. The method used was the Total Operational Cost. To determine the profit of the activity for each treatment were considered the gross revenue, the operational profit, the profitability index and the balance price. The corn in rotation system with soybean obtained larger grains yield and higher profitability. The use of green manure preceding the cultivation of the corn was proven economically viable, and the use of the C. juncea allowed larger economic return, without showing significant difference between the E. coracana and the P. americanumt.
Dry eye after whole brain radiation: Analysis from a prospective study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

198 Background: Lacrimal glands (LGs) receive incidental dose of unknown significance in patients undergoing whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). Median survival following diagnosis of brain metastases is poor, so quality of life is of utmost importance for these patients. We enrolled patients on a prospective observational cohort study with an endpoint of dry eye syndrome, which is not thought to be a toxicity of WBRT. Methods: Patients receiving WBRT for any diagnosis to a total dose of 25 to 40 Gy in 10 to 20 fractions were eligible. Patients received 3D-conformal WBRT using opposed lateral fields covering the skull and C1 or C2 vertebrae. LGs were not prospectively contoured before treatment but were subsequently contoured for dosimetric analysis. Patients completed the single-question Subjective Evaluation of Symptom of Dryness (5-point Likert scale) at baseline, immediately after WBRT (EndRT), 1 month (1M), 3 months (3M), and 6 months (6M). The primary endpoint was change in proportion of patients at 1M experiencing moderate or worse dry eye (defined as symptoms that cause discomfort and interfere with activities). Orbital dose was analyzed as a surrogate for LG dose as LGs were difficult to contour on computed tomography (CT) imaging. Results: 73 enrolled patients were eligible for analysis. There were 69 evaluable patients at EndRT, 55 at 1M, 33 at 3M, and 28 at 6M. Most patients received 30 Gy in 10 fractions. Median bilateral orbit mean dose was 17 Gy. Median bilateral lacrimal mean dose was 25 Gy. Median survival was 8 months. At baseline, 4% of patients had moderate or worse dry eye versus 9% at EndRT, 11% at 1M (1-tailed sign test, p = 0.031), 9% at 3M, and 7% at 6M. No significant relationship was noted between presence of dry eye and CT-contoured lacrimal gland or orbit doses. Conclusions: WBRT appears to cause a small increase in dry eye symptoms. A correlation between dry eye and LG dose was not observed, perhaps due to the overall low rate of toxicity, uncertainty in CT-based contouring of the LGs, set-up variations between planned and delivered doses, and the possibility of non-radiation causes of dry eye. Nonetheless, physicians should be aware of the possible occurrence of dry eye after WBRT, given its potential effects on quality of life.
The effects of a 24-week deep water aerobic training program on cardiovascular fitness

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of prolonged deep water aerobic training on cardiovascular fitness. Two groups of women, each consisting of 19 women between the ages of 30-62 participated in this research. Group A (mean age of 49.2±8.7) participated in a 24-week deep water training program, exercising twice a week for 45 minutes. All 45 minute sessions were divided into three parts: the warm-up, the aerobic segment, and the cool-down including stretching elements. During the aerobic portion, the subjects were told to exercise at a moderate intensity which was established by used Karvonen's formula for water exercise and self-regulated by used of a Sport-tester Polar 800i. Subjects in group A were tested before and after 24 week program with the Bruce Protocol cardio-effort test when compared to the control group B (19 females with an average age of 48.7±8.1). Group A demonstrated significant improvement in aerobic capacity after deep water aerobic program (before=10.1±2.2 MET, after=11.1±2.0MET, p<0.01), also were demonstrated significant reduction of response systolic blood pressure and resting heart rate (before 84.5±14.3 bpm, after 75.8±10.0 bpm, p<0.05). The results of these study support the use deep water aerobic training as an alternative form of exercise to land-based training for unfit middle age participants.
Bridging the gap between theory and practice in graduate training

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article focuses on specific elements of a master's level program which represent practical applications of open-humanistic and dialectic theory to professional training. Emphasis is placed on innovations which demonstrate how the concept of praxis can be applied to education. Specific innovations discussed include: (a) The traditional core curriculum, oriented toward an academic discipline, was replaced by a focus on a specific social problem (development of young children); (b) The program operates as a community service agency linking the campus to the service-delivery system. This change fosters an interdependent relationship with community agencies which allows trainees to become involved in genuine professional activity; and (c) The program has moved away from a hierarchical student/teacher relationship to a reciprocal model.
Is the Slovak Economy Doing Well? A Twin Deficit Growth Approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Recently, Soukiazis E., Cerqueira P., and Antunes M. (2013) developed a model – hereafter the SCA model - that takes into account the hypotheses that internal and external imbalances can affect economic growth and additionally relative prices are assumed to be not neutral in the pace of economic growth. Although the SCA model is in the spirit of the well known balance of payments constraint hypothesis which became known as Thirlwall´s Law (Thirlwall, 1979) it is more complete in the sense that it considers, along with external imbalances (trade deficits) that internal imbalances (budget deficits or public debt) are additional constraints to economic growth. The recent euro-zone public sovereign debt crisis that started in some peripheral countries shows that when internal imbalances are excessive they can constrain growth and domestic demand, causing severe effects on unemployment rates. The aim of this paper is to apply the more complete SCA model to the Slovak economy (a newly euro-zone member since 2009) and check its accuracy for explaining the growth path in this country. Our empirical analysis shows that Slovakia grew at a higher rate than that allowed by the balance of payments constraint rate and this is consistent with the accumulation of current deficits over the period considered. A scenarios analysis shows that improving trade competitiveness and changing the import and export shares toward current account equilibrium will be the most successful way to achieving higher growth in Slovakia. Financing the economy at a lower cost is also beneficial to growth.
A Novel Mutation in Exon 6 of the Epsilon-Sarcoglycan Gene in Myoclonus Dystonia Syndrome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Myoclonus-dystonia syndrome (MDS) is a rare hereditary movement disorder characterized by the early onset of myoclonus in the first or second decade of life.The first locus for MDS was mapped to chromosome 7q21 and identified as the epsilon-sarcoglycan (SGCE) gene, and numerous mutations were subsequently identified.We here present the first reported Turkish MDS patient identified with a novel mutation in exon 6 of the SGCE gene, which resulted in truncation of the protein before the transmembrane domain, presumably causing the loss of function either by mislocalization of the protein away from the plasma membrane or through nonsense-mediated decay.
The social patterning of autism diagnoses reversed in California between 1992 and 2018

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Significance Rates of autism diagnosis in the United States have historically been higher among more advantaged social groups—Whites and those of higher socioeconomic status (SES). Using data from all births in the state of California in 1992 through 2016, we find that these trends reversed during our study period. By 2018, diagnosed autism incidence rates for 3- to 6-y-old children were higher for children of Black and Asian mothers than children of non-Hispanic White mothers and were higher for children of lower SES than of higher SES parents. These reversals point to the fundamental role that access to knowledge and resources plays in driving increased autism prevalence and shifting patterns of autism cases over the past quarter-century.
Population dynamics of the perennial weed species Sonchus arvensis L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sonchus arvensis L. is a perennial weed that is widely prevalent in annual crops in northern Europe and can cause substantial yield losses. The abundance of S. arvensis has increased recently, primarily due to expansion of organic farming and increased use of reduced tillage. This thesis assessed the effect of mechanical control measures on the population dynamics of S. arvensis and sought to predict the impact of temperature on sprouting of S. arvensis under variable climate conditions. An outdoor box experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of initial root fragment size on subsequent growth of S. arvensis. Four artificial populations of S. arvensis with differing initial root length but with the same total root length per area were planted (20 roots of 5 cm, 10 roots of 10 cm, 20 roots of 5 cm and 4 × 20 cm + 4 × 5 cm roots). A pot experiment was performed in darkness to assess the impact of initial root length (5 and 10 cm), temperature (4, 8 and 18 °C) and planting depth (3, 10 and 17 cm) on belowground shoot elongation and emergence time of S. arvensis shoots. The data from this pot experiment were used to model shoot emergence rate as a function of temperature and to predict emergence time under different climate scenarios. \n \nDegree of root fragmentation was found to strongly infl uence plant performance in terms of shoot emergence time, shoot numbers, rosette size, flowering, biomass production and seed production. Compared with larger root fragments, small root fragments of S. arvensis produced more numerous but smaller-sized shoots, which emerged later in the beginning of the growing season and had lower generative capacity in terms of seed and root production. Root fragmentation by mechanical control measures resulted in a change not only in the frequency of shoots originating from S. arvensis root fragments, but also in the height of these shoots. Temperature significantly affected sprouting and emergence time of S. arvensis, with an increase in temperature causing an increase in the rate of S. arvensis shoot elongation. Variations in temperature between years under field conditions (in central Sweden) resulted in larger variations in emergence time than differences in root fragment weight. An average increase in mean air temperature of about 3 °C would cause earlier emergence, approximately equal to the difference between the earliest and latest year in the present climate.
Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Published a few months ago in Le Progres medical was an article on Charcot by the French historian, Dr. Pierre Astruc, 1 in which Prof. Georges Guillain's longawaited biography on Charcot 2 was reviewed in some detail. What struck Dr. Astruc as important in Professor Guillain's monograph seems worthy of noting, in a somewhat modified form, in English. Thanks to Professor Guillain for settling the point, the admirers of Charcot need not trouble themselves to search for his birthplace in Paris, 1 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere, for it has been demolished. The four Charcot sons, of whom Jean-Martin was the second, were brought up here. In his late teens, Jean-Martin wavered in his choice between medicine and art, then decided on a medical career. Although not in financial straits—for his father was an accomplished carriage maker—Jean-Martin had to live modestly while a medical student. His taciturn character was somewhat out