jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Additive And Interactive Effects Of Mvpa And Sitting Time On Metabolic Syndrome Risk Indicators

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: This study was purposed to estimate the associations between MVPA and sitting time and metabolic syndrome risk in Korean adults. METHODS: A total of 8997 non-institutionalized Korean adults (age=19-65) participated in the 2014-2015 KNHANES. Daily physical activity and sitting time during a typical week was measured using GPAQ. Metabolic syndrome risk factors were examined at the mobile examination center. The associations between MVPA + sitting time and metabolic syndrome risk indicators were analyzed using logistic and ordinary logistic regression. RESULTS: Sitting time was associated with elevated risk for central obesity (OR=1.04, p<.001), hypertriglyceridemia (OR=1.04, p=.001), low HDL-cholesterol (OR=1.02, p=.05), hypertension (OR=1.04, p<.001). MVPA was significantly associated with Impaired glucose tolerance (OR=.96, p=.004), hypertension (OR=1.02, p<.035). Also, MVPA significantly moderated the association between sitting time and hypertriglyceridemia (OR=.997, p=.053) and hypertension (OR=.996, p=.011). According to the ordinary logistic model, sitting time was significantly associated with increased chance for having more number of metabolic syndrome risk indicators in the abnormal range (OR=1.04, p<.001). Even though MVPA did not have significant direct effects, it significantly moderated the sitting time-metabolic syndrome association in the same model (OR=.997, p=.009). DISCUSSION: While sitting time and MVPA are respectively a risk and protective factor for metabolic syndrome, negative effects of sitting time may be attenuated by participating in more MVPA or vice versa. Therefore, lifestyle interventions for the metabolic syndrome prevention should include both increasing MVPA and reducing sedentary behavior strategies. Corresponding: Miyoung Lee, [email protected]
PALM OIL CRYSTALLIZATION: EFFECTS OF COOLING TIME AND OIL CONTENT

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Isothermal crystallization behavior of fluid shortening formulation from blends of palm oil and palm olein was investigated. The oil blends filled in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tubes to a height of 2.5 cm were melted at 70C for 30 min crystallization time. A set of 11 tubes for each temperature was placed at selected crystallizing time and the solid fat content (SFC) measured in a Bruker pulse NMR spectrometer. Crystal distribution of the same blend was observed under polarized microscope at the same time interval. A correlation was developed between SFC and crystal distribution. The crystallization curves demonstrated two distinct steps corresponding to two crystallization stages as a result of the occurrence of mixed crystallization. Crystallization was selective to the high melting triacylglycerols (TAG) at all temperatures as shown by shorter induction periods in blends with more than 41.8% palmitic acid. High melting TAG crystallized first and acted as nuclei for recrystallization of the low melting TAG. However, the low melting TAG at the same time could also solubilize the formed crystals. The average SFC as a function of time was 50% lower than the SFC profile. Slow crystallization temperature was able to promote large crystal formation that influences SFC of palm‐based shortenings. Blends of 40–60% palm oil showed promising formulations of stable fluid palm‐based shortening.
Goal Setting in Paediatric Rehabilitation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In Chapter 3, Siegert and colleagues described how patients in a rehabilitation environment evaluate their current situation and determine the discrepancy between their current and previous state. Patients seek information to determine what is possible and what activities and attributes would help them regain the state of their idealized self. Parents of children with disabilities face unique challenges as they often lack a reference point for their child's potential; it can be difficult for them to know what is possible for their children. While the adult with a sustained injury works to regain their previous level of functioning, parents of children with developmental disabilities create their vision of the future based on what they imagine is possible for their child.
Reflections of Good Practice of Infusing ESD to Improve Education Outcomes for Indigenous Learners in Light of a Global Pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The COVID-19 global pandemic presented an unprecedented challenge to the sustainability strategies and initiatives of many nations. In many countries, education strategies and funding were negatively impacted and, consequently, especially vulnerable groups were highly affected, amongst them Indigenous communities around the world. As Indigenous communities were already amongst the most vulnerable before 2020, a strategically and well-planned recovery from this pandemic would be vital to secure their well-being. This article offers reflections on the potential of infusing Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in the classroom, the school and the community as a whole, to deal with known and yet unprecedented sustainability challenges in presenting commonalities of 32 good practice reports from 21 countries collected in advance and during the global pandemic. Authors make the point of considering the pandemic and its widespread impact as yet another sustainability challenge and position ESD as a potential tool to achieve quality education and unleash the full potential of education for society when planning recovery efforts in hope for a better future of Indigenous communities in the long term. As the good practices were also included in a report of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples to the 48 th Session of the United Nations Human Rights Council , focusing on the post-pandemic recovery efforts for Indigenous Peoples, further thoughts on both official reports and their alignment with the overall 2030 Agenda from an ESD perspective are included.
Physical Mechanisms Responsible for the Transition from a Warm to a Cold State of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Based on the switch of a significant sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) over the central equatorial Pacific (the Niño-3.4 region) from ≥0.5°C to ⩽−0.5°C, three types of transitions from the warm (El Niño) to the cold (La Niña) phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation can be identified. They are the spring occurrence (SP) type, in which the SSTA first falls below −0.5°C in April or May after the termination of an El Niño event; the summer occurrence (SU) type, in which the SSTA does not reach this threshold until July or later; and the nonoccurrence (NON) type, in which the SSTA never reaches the threshold. Of the 12 El Niño episodes that occurred during the period of 1951–97, the number in each type is 3, 4, and 5, respectively. No significant difference in the SSTA composites can be found among the three types prior to the termination of the El Niño; however, the subsurface ocean temperatures have very different structures and temporal evolutions. Over the eastern equatorial Pacific, the thermocline depth is the smallest in the SP events in the spring following the El Niño event. The decrease in the mixed layer depth also propagates eastward in both types of cold events but with different speeds. When and if a La Niña event will occur appears to depend on the timing of the enhancement of the central and eastern Pacific trades off the equator. A strengthening of the Pacific subtropical highs in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is apparently responsible for such an enhancement. Once the strengthening of the trades occurs, the SST and near-equatorial zonal wind anomalies will follow to initiate the onset of the La Niña. In the SP type, the subtropical highs in both hemispheres in the eastern and central Pacific strengthen starting at around October of the El Niño year, which then enhances the northeast and southeast trades off the equatorial Pacific east of the date line. Due to Ekman forcing, the enhanced easterlies will cause surface water to drift poleward, which then reduces the depth of the thermocline. This upwelling sets up Rossby waves that propagate westward. By the following January, the negative anomalies in mixed-layer depth have reached the western boundary of the Pacific. They are then reflected and propagate eastward as a slow, coupled air–sea mode, which reduces the thermocline depth in the equatorial region. This results in a cooling of the ocean, which then induces equatorial easterly anomalies. The eastward-propagating wave reaches the central equatorial Pacific by spring so that the SSTA over the Niño-3.4 falls below −0.5°C, and hence the onset of the SP-type La Niña. In the SU type, the subtropical high in the South Pacific does not strengthen until spring of the year following the El Niño. The above process is therefore delayed so that the onset does not occur until July. For the NON type, the subtropical highs never strengthened, and so no switch in the zonal wind anomalies, and hence no La Niña, takes place.
Equine peripheral and infundibular dental caries: A review and proposals for their investigation

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary Several different theories on the aetiology of dental caries have been proposed, but it is generally accepted that it is primarily caused by acidogenic microorganisms converting fermentable carbohydrates to acids. There is still some discussion on whether caries is caused by specific microorganisms or a nonspecific mix of different microorganisms and on whether caries is a classical infection or is caused by dysregulation of the normal oral bacteria (dysbiosis). Two types of dental caries are recognised in horses, i.e. peripheral dental caries and infundibular dental caries, with peripheral caries appearing to be increasingly recognised. Little is known about the prevalence and severity of peripheral dental caries in the general equine population, or the risk factors and microorganisms involved in its aetiopathogenesis. Limited pathological studies have shown 2 types of cemental destruction in equine peripheral caries, and indicate that gross dental examination underestimates the severity of equine peripheral caries.
Design of Keyword Spotting System Based on Segmental Time Warping of Quantized Features

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Keyword Spotting in general means identifying a keyword in a verbal or written document. In this research a novel approach in designing a simple spoken Keyword Spotting/Recognition system based on Template Matching is proposed, which is different from the Hidden Markov Model based systems that are most widely used today. The system can be used equally efficiently on any language as it does not rely on an underlying language model or grammatical constraints. The proposed method for keyword spotting is based on a modified version of classical Dynamic Time Warping which has been a primary method for measuring the similarity between two sequences varying in time. For processing, a speech signal is divided into small stationary frames. Each frame is represented in terms of a quantized feature vector. Both the keyword and the speech utterance are represented in terms of 1&#8208;dimensional codebook indices. The utterance is divided into segments and the warped distance is computed for each segment and compared against the test keyword. A distortion score for each segment is computed as likelihood measure of the keyword. The proposed algorithm is designed to take advantage of multiple instances of test keyword (if available) by merging the score for all keywords used. The training method for the proposed system is completely unsupervised, i.e., it requires neither a language model nor phoneme model for keyword spotting. Prior unsupervised training algorithms were based on computing Gaussian Posteriorgrams making the training process complex but the proposed algorithm requires minimal training data and the system can also be trained to perform on a different environment (language, noise level, recording medium etc.) by re&#8208;training the original cluster on additional data. Techniques for designing a model keyword from multiple instances of the test keyword are discussed. System performance over variations of different parameters like number of clusters, number of instance of keyword available, etc were studied in order to optimize the speed and accuracy of the system. The system performance was evaluated for fourteen different keywords from the Call - Home and the Switchboard speech corpus. Results varied for different keywords and a maximum accuracy of 90% was obtained which is comparable to other methods using the same time warping algorithms on Gaussian Posteriorgrams. Results are compared for different parameters variation with suggestion of possible improvements.
Diaporthe species associated with twig blight and dieback of Vaccinium corymbosum in Portugal, with description of four new species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Blueberry, an increasingly cultivated fruit crop in Portugal, is known to be susceptible to twig blight and dieback caused by species of Diaporthe. The diversity of Diaporthe species associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic Vaccinium corymbosum plants in Portugal was assessed. A multilocus sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), β-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cal), and histone 3 (his3) genes revealed the presence of Diaporthe foeniculina, Diaporthe rudis, and four new species, which are described as Diaporthe crousii, Diaporthe phillipsii, Diaporthe rossmaniae, and Diaporthe vacuae. These new species were characterized in terms of their morphology, mating strategies, and temperature growth requirements. In artificial inoculation trials of V. corymbosum cv. Bluecrop plants, all Diaporthe species caused minor symptoms. Further, no differences in aggressiveness were apparent between species. This study provides the first survey of Diaporthe species associated with blueberry twig blight and dieback in Portugal. It disclosed the occurrence of a diverse assemblage of Diaporthe species, whose status and impact as pathogens of blueberry is not yet fully understood.
Effective control of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) cake to plant parasitic nematodes and fungi in black pepper diseases in vitro

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Neem cake is a product of the cold pressing from the neem kernels to obtain neem oil. Bio-active substances from neem cake extracted solutions were evaluated for their potential to control the root knot nematodes and other pests of plants. In this study different concentrations of the solution extracted from neem cake was tested against the second stage juveniles of the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne spp. and four phytopathogenic fungi: Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. and Phytopthora capsici. Toxicity of neem cake extractions is represented by the EC50 value for the second-stage juvenile (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. and the four phytopathogenic fungi via Probit analysis. A 5% dilution of the solvent extracting from neem cake already caused 100% larval mortality after 24 hours exposure. Undiluted neem cake extraction effectively inhibited the growth of the four phytopathogenic fungi. The EC50 value of neem cake on J2-larvae of Meloidogyne nematode and on the fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. and Phytophthora capsici was 0.51, 0.74, 0.30, 0.51 and 4.33%, respectively. Bánh dầu neem là sản phẩm của quá trình ép nhân hạt neem để lấy dầu. Các hoạt chất sinh học từ dịch chiết bánh dầu neem đã được đánh giá có tiềm năng lớn trong phòng trừ tuyến trùng nốt sưng và các loài dịch hại khác của nhiều loại cây trồng. Trong nghiên cứu này các nồng độ dịch chiết khác nhau của bánh dầu neem đã được thử nghiệm khả năng diệt tuyến trùng (ấu trùng tuổi 2 thuộc giống Meloidogyne spp.) và ức chế 4 loài nấm bệnh như: Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. và Phytopthora capsici. Độc tính của dịch chiết bánh dầu neem được biểu diễn bởi giá trị EC50 đối với ấu trùng tuổi 2 của tuyến trùng Meloidogyne spp. và các loài nấm bệnh thông qua phân tích Probit. Dịch chiết bánh dầu neem ở nồng độ 5% đã làm chết 100% cá thể IJ2 của Meloidogyne spp sau 24 giờ phơi nhiễm. Dịch nguyên chất bánh dầu neem ức chế cả 4 loài nấm bệnh. Giá trị EC50 của bánh dầu neem lên ấu trùng tuổi 2 của Meloidogyne spp và các loài nấm bệnh Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. and Phytophthora capsici tương ứng là 0.51, 0.74, 0.30, 0.51 và 4.33%.
Metabolic Studies in a Patient with Idiopathic Hypercalciuria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1939 Flocks focused attention on the fact that the urinary excretion of calcium is high in many patients who form calcium-containing renal stones. This was again emphasized by Hodgkinson and Pyrah (1958), who found a high daily urinary excretion of calcium much more frequently in their stone-forming patients than in their controls. The difference was particularly marked in males. Albright et al. (1953) introduced the term hypercalciuria to describe a syndrome of renal stone formation with high urinary calcium excretion, normal plasma calcium, and frequently a low plasma phosphorus level. They suggested that renal tubular damage, possibly due to staphylo coccal pyelonephritis, was the primary lesion. The syndrome was much more common in male patients. The same group (Henneman et al.) reported further experience in 1958, by which time it was clear that most of these hypercalciuric patients belonged to this idiopathic group. Considerable interest has since arisen in trying to explain the mechanism of the hypercalciuria. Henneman et al. found a low faecal calcium in four of their patients and concluded, if the find ing of a decreased faecal calcium excretion is confirmed in further patients it would strengthen the suspicion that this hypercalciuria reflects a metabolic cause and not merely a peripheral renal defect. Parfitt et al. (1964) have reported a low faecal calcium in five patients with idiopathic hyper calciuria.
Chaotic Compilation: A (Statistical) Cloak for a Secret Computer

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper extends a companion paper on compilation for target platforms with hidden deterministic hardware aliasing to generate aliasing as well as compensate for it, in so-called 'chaotic' compilation. That may be applied in encrypted computing to statistically hide any information inadvertently introduced by a human programmer. A prototype compiler implementing the technology currently covers all of ANSI C except longjmp/setjmp, and this paper sketches a proof that it protects against polynomial complexity attacks on runtime data.
A new format proposal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM) National Committee on Digital Cartographic Data Standards has been chartered by the National Bureau of Standards to recommend a format for the interchange of digital cartographic data. The committee presented the format concept at the spring 1985 ACSM meeting in Washington, DC. It is the intent that this concept be reviewed by the concerned public, who are asked to provide reactions to the committee.
Angiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To describe the neuroradiologic findings of primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (PAPS). Materials and Methods: During a recent two-year period, abnormally elevated antiphospholipid antibodies were detected in a total of 751 patients. In any cases in which risk factors for stroke were detected- hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and the presence of SLE or other connective tissue diseases- PAPS was not diagnosed. Neuroradiologic studies were performed in 11 of 32 patients with PAPS. We retrospectively reviewed brain CT (n = 7), MR (n = 8), and cerebral angiography (n = 8) in 11 patients with special attention to the presence of brain parenchymal lesions and cerebral arterial or venous abnormalities. Results: CT or MR findings of PAPS included nonspecific multiple hyper-intensity foci in deep white matter on T2-weighted images (5/11), a large infarct in the territory of the middle cerebral artery (4/11), diffuse cortical atrophy (2/11), focal hemorrhage (2/11), and dural sinus thrombosis (1/11). Angiographic findings were normal (5/8) or reflected either occlusion of a large cerebral artery (2/8) or dural sinus thrombosis (1/8).
Analysis of Failure Criteria in Laminas Reinforced with Unidirectional Curau&aacute; Fiber Fabric

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Natural fibers are being increasingly used in different areas of engineering, including as composite reinforcement. Among these fibers, carau&aacute; stands out for its good mechanical properties and adherence to resin. Nevertheless, little is known about the behavior of this material in the manufacture of a composite or whether classic failure theory can be used in this case. In this context, the present study assesses the mechanical properties of two laminas made of unidirectional curau&aacute; fiber with volumetric fiber percentages of 30 % and 22 %, and compares the results with the values obtained for four failure criteria reported in the literature, using analysis of variance (ANOVA). To that end, tensile tests were conducted in the direction of the fiber and at other loading angles, in addition to iosipescu shear tests. The results show that the maximum stress criterion does not represent the failure behavior of these materials and that the best was the Hashin criterion.
La Mala Algaraba

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study examines Spanish Catholic attitudes towards the Arabic language of Spain’s Islamic communities in the sixteenth century. While many studies have located the origins of language policy in Spain in the 18th century, we analyze the main royal decrees and ecclesiastical legislation that address the Arabic language in an earlier period. We depart from the generally-accepted scholarly notion that in the Spanish Church, there existed two positions regarding the Arabic language: first, that Islamic communities should be approached through the Arabic language and, second, that their language should be prohibited in favour of Castilian. To trouble this framework, we examine the attitudes of two Spanish churchmen regarding the Arabic language, whose complex positions pre-vent them from being readily categorized as advocates or opponents of Arabic.
Social Distancing During the Pandemic: A Semiotic Approach to Organizational Response through Commercial Branding

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Social distancing is one of the most practical and most widely emphasized non-pharmaceutical interventions recommended globally in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though its efficacy remains debatable, social distancing continues to be advocated as a strategy to “flatten the curve” by reducing individual infections. This study aims to decode the semiotics of COVID-19 pandemic from one side and to show how commercial branding transformations took place from another. Global organizations have aligned themselves with social distancing precautions by adapting their commercial branding for visual messaging. This study takes a semiotic approach to the commercial branding of companies that could transform their branding during the pandemic and those that did. The two questions addressed by the study are: (1) How did commercial branding transform during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) what semiotic codes are evident in these transformations? The findings show that organizational branding was separated or reworded or took a two-pronged approach (combining rewording and transformed images).