jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Resolusi Konflik di Dunia Islam: Studi Kasus Al-Shabaab di Somalia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses conflict resolution on problems in Somalia byprinciples taught in the Islamic world. The conflict in Somalia regardingjihadist group al-Shabaab has become an international issue. Somaliaitself is a country that has just a strong government system, and hasjust recognized by international community. This phenomenon then ledto many attacks conducted by the Al-Shabaab. The attacks made Somalipeople who were not members of al-Shabaab felt insecure. With theassistance that came to the Somali government, al-Shabaab felt defensivetowards foreign countries, as well as international organizations such asIntergovernmental Authority on Drought and Desertification (IGADD)and the African Union. This is due to the fact that they felt that the assistanceprovided would affect Somalia, as they wanted to make the country with awhole Islamic system without the interference of western countries. In thegiven conflict resolution above, it adjusts to what has been taught by theProphet Muhammad who put forward peace and prosperity as an Islamicstate.
Hordeum vulgare L., HOR 15876 BRG

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Hordeum vulgare L. Accession number: HOR 15876 BRG Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 2015-10-08 Origin country: PAK Biological status: genetic stock MLS status: Included AEGIS status: Not included Historic: No
Computed tomography in the diagnosis of the lumbar disc herniation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, effectiveness of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing lumbar disc herniation was evaluated. Twenty CT examinations which were interpreted as positive for a herniated disc, and were comfirmed by myelography, were reviewed. In 19 patients, CT demonstrated posterior protrusion of the disc but in one normal disc. Three typical cases were described. This study suggests that CT accurately demonstrates lumbar disc herniation.
Investigation of the effect of bilayer membrane structures and fluctuation amplitudes on SANS/SAXS profile for short membrane wavelength

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The effect of bilayer membrane structures and fluctuation amplitudes on small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) profile is investigated based on harmonic motions of the surfactant bilayers with bending as well as thickness fluctuation motions. In this study we consider the case in which the wavelength of the bilayer membrane is shorter than the thickness of the membrane. We find that the thickness of the surfactant bilayer membrane, dm, affects both qdip and qpeak of I(q,0) profile, and that the fluctuation amplitude, a, of the membrane changes the peak of I(q,0). A simple formula is derived to estimate the thickness of the bilayer based on the qdip of the profile obtained from the simulation. The resulting estimates of the thickness of the bilayer with harmonic motion showed accuracy within 1%. Moreover, the bilayer thicknesses estimated from the proposed formula show an excellent agreement with the SANS and SAXS experimental results available in the literatures. We also propose a curve fit model, which describes the relationship between the fluctuation amplitude and the normalized qpeak ratio. The present results show the feasibility of the simple formula to estimate the fluctuation amplitude based on the SANS and SAXS profiles.
Thyroid hormone binding to the rat heart cytosol proteins.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The properties of the thyroid hormone binding to rat heart cytosol were studied. Cytosol proteins were found to bind specifically T4 with high affinity (Ka approximately equal to 10(8)M-1) and rT3 with lower affinity (Ka approximately equal to 10(7)M-1), but they do not bind T3. The binding of both T4 and rT3 was pH dependent, however, while T4 binding had the highest values between pH 7.0 and 10, rT3 binding increased from pH 6.0 to 10.7. Divalent ions also stimulated T4 and rT3 binding. Sulfhydryl groups blocking agents such as N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and iodoacetamide significantly decreased rT3 binding and had less profound effect on binding of T4 to cytosol proteins. The importance of free -SH groups remains unclear as dithiothreitol was found to diminish the binding of T4 and rT3.
Niederösterreich als Zentrum und Peripherie

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Lower Austria as Centre and Periphery. As the embodiment of dynastic Austria, Lower Austria represents a core region in political, economic and cultural terms. Its role in the interregional division of labour was that of a highly developed industrial location. The interplay between politics and economics saw the formation of a regional stage of global capitalism, contributing to the international competitiveness of Habsburg Cisleithania in European comparison. While ethnic and religious difference played a very minor role, the regional diversity was dependent on strong disparities that gave rise to pronounced anti-centralist regional identities, especially in peripheralized areas of the land.
Monocyte function in intravenous drug abusers with lymphadenopathy syndrome and in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: selective impairment of chemotaxis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have investigated monocyte function in 17 intravenous drug abusers with the clinical and laboratory features of lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS). LAS patients had normal numbers of circulating monocytes. Monocytes from LAS patients were comparable to cells from normal donors in terms of phagocytosis of latex beads, interleukin-1 secretion, O2- release and killing of antibody-sensitized lymphoma cells or actinomycin D pretreated WEHI 164 cells. In contrast 13 out of 17 LAS subjects tested in this respect as well as six out of nine AIDS patients showed a marked defect of monocyte chemotaxis. Thus monocytes from patients with LAS or AIDS have a selective defect of monocyte chemotaxis.
Molecular dynamics study of the recognition of ATP by nucleic acid aptamers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Despite their great success in recognizing small molecules in vitro, nucleic acid aptamers are rarely used in clinical settings. This is partially due to the lack of structure-based mechanistic information. In this work, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the static and dynamic supramolecular structures relevant to the process of the wild-type (wt) nucleic acid aptamer recognition and binding of ATP. The effects brought about by mutation of key residues in the recognition site are also explored. The simulations reveal that the aptamer displays a high degree of rigidity and is structurally very little affected by the binding of ATP. Interaction energy decomposition shows that dispersion forces from π-stacking between ATP and the G6 and A23 nucleobases in the aptamer binding site plays a more important role in stabilizing the supramolecular complex, compared to hydrogen-bond interaction between ATP and G22. Moreover, metadynamics simulations show that during the association process, water molecules act as essential bridges connecting ATP with G22, which favors the dynamic stability of the complex. The calculations carried out on three mutated aptamer structures confirm the crucial role of the hydrogen bonds and π-stacking interactions for the binding affinity of the ATP nucleic acid aptamer.
Spatial and temporal isolation of virtual CAN controllers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Virtualization is a key technology to enable the use of multi-core processors in automotive embedded systems. For side-by-side execution of mixed-criticality applications that access shared communication infrastructures, a secure and safe virtualization of I/O devices is required, which features a complete spatial and temporal isolation of individual virtual interfaces. We extended existing approaches of hardware-based CAN virtualization to achieve a full isolation while maintaining the bounded latencies achieved in previous implementations. It is shown, that even a denial-of-service attack towards one virtual controller does not influence the behavior of other virtual controllers. In addition, the scheduling mechanism implemented to guarantee temporal isolation can be configured to provide differentiated service levels for real-time and best effort application domains.
An assessment of attachment style measures in marketing

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose Attachment theory is emerging as an important theoretical foundation in marketing because of the relational nature of consumption, but little guidance exists as to which of many attachment style measures is most suitable for use by researchers. As a result, many measures are being used with little justification, and frequently, these scales are being adapted due to poor measurement fit, length or wording unrelated to the focal attachment figure. This paper aims to evaluate seven existing attachment style measures and provides recommendations regarding which measure is the most suitable for assessing the impact of chronic attachment styles on marketing outcomes. Design/methodology/approach A literature review identified seven measures of attachment style for analysis. Two studies examine the psychometric properties, susceptibility to response bias and predictive validity of the seven measures (Study 1n = 325 and Study 2n = 205). Findings Among the seven scales evaluated, the Johnson et al. (2012) [Johnson, Whelan, and Thomson (JWT)] measure exhibited the best psychometric properties and predictive validity for general (i.e. not relationship-specific) attachment styles. In addition, two relationship-specific measures, also with strong psychometric properties, were better able to capture their respective relationships or relationship types than general attachment styles, as expected. Research limitations/implications This research provides guidance to researchers on which measure to use when examining the impact of attachment style in marketing. Practical implications This research provides marketing researchers guidance on which measure to use when examining the impact of general attachment styles. Because the JWT scale is brief, psychometrically sound and demonstrates strong predictive validity, it can be used for academic and managerial purposes. The authors also confirm previous research suggesting that relationship-specific measures of attachment style may act differently than general interpersonal attachment style measures and vary in their ability to predict marketing outcomes. Originality/value This research is the first to provide guidance regarding which measure of attachment style to use in marketing and consumer research. This research can serve as a reference point for future researchers in selecting measures of attachment style and may allow for convergence on a narrow set of measures to advance research in marketing.
Carbon Peak Scenario Simulation of Manufacturing Carbon Emissions in Northeast China: Perspective of Structure Optimization

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The manufacturing industry is the pillar industry of China’s economy and a major carbon emitter, and its carbon emission reduction efforts directly determine whether the country’s carbon emission reduction target can be successfully met. In the context of the goals of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality policy, we examine the impact of manufacturing structure optimization on carbon emissions from 2003 to 2020 through a spatial econometric model, taking the old industrial centers in Northeast China as an example. We then apply a machine learning model to simulate manufacturing carbon emissions during the carbon peak stage and identify the optimal path for carbon emission reduction, which is important for promoting manufacturing carbon emission reduction in Northeast China. Since the goal of low-carbon economic development has gradually replaced the goal of maximizing economic efficiency in recent years, manufacturing structure optimization has come to focus on energy saving and emission reduction. Therefore, we define manufacturing structure optimization from the dual perspective of technology and energy consumption to broaden the existing research perspective. The results show the following: (1) The overall trend in manufacturing structure optimization in Northeast China is steadily improving, and the level of manufacturing structure optimization from the technology perspective is higher than that from the energy consumption perspective. (2) Manufacturing structure optimization and manufacturing carbon emissions in Northeast China both show a positive spatial correlation. Manufacturing structure optimization in Northeast China can effectively promote carbon emission reduction, and it also has a spatial spillover effect. (3) The carbon emission reduction effect of manufacturing structure optimization from the energy consumption perspective is better than that from the technology perspective, and the carbon emission reduction effect under the institutional innovation scenario is better than that under the baseline scenario and the technological innovation scenario. Focusing on manufacturing structure optimization from both technology and energy consumption perspectives, as well as continuously improving technological innovation and institutional innovation, can help to achieve manufacturing carbon emission reduction in Northeast China.
Development and characterization of magnetic hydrogels loaded with greenly synthesized iron-oxide nanoparticles conjugated with cisplatin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A novel approach was devised to address the challenges in delivering cisplatin (CIS) for lung cancer treatment. This involved the development of a non-invasive hydrogel delivery system, aiming to minimize side effects associated with its administration. Using carbopol 971 (CP) and chitosan (CH) at varying ratios, the hydrogels were prepared and loaded with eco-friendly iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) conjugated to CIS. The physical properties, yield, drug loading, and cytotoxicity against lung cancer cell lines (A549) were assessed, along with hydrogel rheological properties and in vitro drug diffusion. Hydrogel A1 that composed of 1:1 of CP:CH hydrogel loaded with 100 mg IONPs and 250 µg CIS demonstrated distinctive properties that indicate its suitability for potential delivery. The loaded greenly synthesized IONPs@CIS exhibited a particle size of 23.0 nm, polydispersity index of 0.47, yield of 71.6%, with 88.28% drug loading. They displayed significant cytotoxicity (61.7%) against lung cancer cell lines (A549), surpassing free CIS cytotoxicity (28.1%). Moreover, they demonstrated shear-thinning behaviour, viscoelastic properties, and Fickian drug release profile over 24 h (flux 2.34 µg/cm2/h, and permeability 0.31 cm/h).
Analysis of counselling psychologists' self-reported experiences of drawing upon two or more theoretical orientations to inform their practice

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Recent commentators have considered how the institutional changes that have taken place within the context of clinical practice in the UK over the past ten years exert pressures upon counselling psychologists to practice in particular ways. The aim of this investigation was to explore how counselling psychologists’ experience and draw upon the theories that are available to them to inform their clinical practice, and how the pressures generated by changes to context may be impacting upon this. Fifteen accredited practitioners were interviewed on a one to one basis. The interview data was transcribed and the 15 transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of this investigation support previous findings that suggest counselling and psychotherapy practitioners’ tend to nurture a theoretically integrated, idiosyncratic approach to practice. The results go beyond those of prior studies due to their ability to trace the interaction existing between practitioners’ use of theory and the broader contexts of practice. The results suggest that counselling psychologists are putting the relationship with the client at the heart of their work and that they draw upon a subjectively meaningful integration of theories to formulate their client’s difficulties. Furthermore, where practitioners are required to use CBT, this is done in a way that prioritises the relational core of practice as well as incorporates the insights to be gained from other theories. The ability of pressures stemming from the priorities of contemporary institutional contexts to modify participants’ relationships with theory is illustrated. Given the significant pressures being generated by evolving contexts of practice, conclusions centre upon the importance of maintaining the disciplinary articulation of the principles of a counselling psychology approach to practice in order to fully support practitioners in their clinical endeavours.
Incidence of tuber diseases in classified seed potatoes harvested In England and Wales, 1974–77

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Seed potato tuber inspections were inaugurated in England and Wales as a training exercise daring 1974–77, preparatory to the operation of seed potato classification under statutory authority as from 1978. The number of stocks inspected varied from 359 for the 1976 harvest (38% of those classified) to 536 for the 1975 harvest (52%). The proportion of stocks meeting the required standards progressively increased from 82% for 1974 crops to 91% for 1977 crops. The diseases most commonly causing the failure of stocks to meet the required standards were gangrene ( Phoma exigua var. foveata ) for crops harvested in 1974, 1975 and 1977, and non‐bacterial soft rots for 1976 crops. Over the 4 years the proportion of stocks failing to meet the required standards for diseases were respectively: 1.2% for tuber blight ( Phytophthora infestans ); 0.6% for bacterial soft rots ( Erwinia carotovora subspp.); 2.0% for non‐bacterial soft rots (including Phytophthora erythroseptica and Pythium ultimum ); 0.8% for dry rots ( Fusarium spp.); 4.0% for gangrene; 0.1% for skinspot ( Polyscytalum pustulans ); 0.1% for black scurf ( Rhizoctonia solani ); 0.1% for powdery scab ( Spongospora subterranea ) and 1.6% for common scab ( Streptomyces spp.).
Status of Toxoplasmosis in the Backyard Poultry of Pakistan

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Toxoplasmosis is one among the most important zoonotic diseases with a worldwide geographical distribution. All warm blooded animals and human beings can be affected by this disease. Man acquires infection with Toxoplasma gondii by consumption of raw and undercooked infected meat of intermediate hosts like poultry birds, or by ingestion of sporulated oocysts via consumption of contaminated food and water. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chickens of district, Faisalabad, Punjab-Pakistan. Overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 36.33% in this area. Area- and sex-wise seroprevalence was detected as non-significant. Age-wise analysis showed highest seroprevalence rate (57.14%) in chickens of age group ranging from 1.5-2 years. The chickens kept along with pet cats showed higher seroprevalence as compared to those kept without pet cats. Feeding and watering patterns showed non-significant impact on the seroprevalence of T. gondii. Results of the present study will be helpful to develop appropriate countermeasures agains Toxoplasmosis in this region.
Cytogenetic Studies in Upland Cotton

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.
Soil Organic Carbondistribution, Mitigation and Management Practices

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development identified the need to restore degraded soils and improvement of soil health. Maintaining soil organic carbon storage at equilibrium or increasing content towards the optimal level for the local environment can contribute to achieving the SDGs. This can be achieved by unlocking the full ecosystem services potential of soils to enable not only the support, maintenance or improvement of soil fertility and productivity (necessary to achieve SDG 2 “Zero Hunger” and SDG 3 “Good Health and Well Being”), but also to store and supply more clean water (SDG 3 and SDG 6 “Clean Water and Sanitation”), maintain biodiversity (SDG 15 “Life on Land”), and increase ecosystem resilience in a changing climate (SDG 13 “Climate Action”). Climate change has been since the 1980s. Soils are considered the biggest carbon reservoirs on earthat the centre of various international agreements on climate change. It is thus crucial to have a good knowledge of the current global SOC stock and its spatial distribution to inform various stakeholders (e.g. farmers, policy makers, land users) to make the best use of available land and provide the best opportunities to mitigate and adapt to climate change and to ensure sufficient food production and water supply. In the present review article we have tried to summarise the distribution and variability of SOC with respect to variation in soil, forest and other land use systems. The article identifies the best soil, forest and landuse systems for adoption in different regions for mitigation prospective.
Well-posed Boussinesq paradigm with purely spatial higher-order derivatives

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The derivation of Boussinesq's type of equations is reexamined for the shallow fluid layers and nonlinear atomic chains. It is shown that the linearly stable equation with purely spatial derivatives representing dispersion must be of sixth order. The corresponding conservation and balance laws are derived. The shapes of solitary stationary waves are calculated numerically for different signs of the fourth-order dispersion. The head-on collisions among different solitary waves are investigated by means of a conservative difference scheme and their solitonic properties are established, although the inelasticity of collisions is always present. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Wavepacket detection with the Unruh-DeWitt model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we deal with several issues regarding the localization properties of the Unruh-DeWitt (UdW) detector model. Since its original formulation as a pointlike detector, the UdW model has been used to study extensively the physics of quantum fields in presence of accelerations or curved backgrounds. Natural extensions of it have tried to take into account the spatial profile of such detectors, but all of them have met a series of problems in their spectral response which render them useless to study some of the most interesting physical scenarios. In this paper we provide a derivation of the smeared UdW interaction from QED first principles, then we analyze the spectral response of spatially smeared UdW detectors, and discuss the kind of spatial profiles which are useful for the study of relevant cases.