jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Subarachnoid Extension of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage is Associated With Poor Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Purpose— Extension of hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space is observed in primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), yet the phenomenon has undergone limited study and is of unknown significance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence, characteristics, and clinical consequences of subarachnoid hemorrhage extension (SAHE) in ICH on functional outcomes. Methods— Patients with primary ICH were enrolled into a prospective registry between December 2006 and June 2012. Patients were managed and serial neuroimaging was obtained per a structured protocol. Presence of any subarachnoid blood on imaging was identified as SAHE by expert reviewers blinded to outcomes. Regression models were developed to test whether the occurrence of SAHE was an independent predictor of functional outcomes as measured with the modified Rankin Scale. Results— Of 234 patients with ICH, 93 (39.7%) had SAHE. Interrater agreement for SAHE was excellent (kappa=0.991). SAHE was associated with lobar hemorrhage location (65% of SAHE vs 19% of non-SAHE cases; P <0.001) and larger hematoma volumes (median 23.8 vs 6.7; P <0.001). Fever (69.9% vs 51.1%; P =0.005) and seizures (8.6% vs 2.8%; P =0.07) were more common in patients with SAHE. SAHE was a predictor of death by day 14 (odds ratio, 4.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.88–10.53; P =0.001) and of higher (worse) modified Rankin Scale scores at 28 days (odds ratio, 1.76 per mRS point; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–3.05; P =0.012) after adjustment for ICH score. Conclusions— SAHE is associated with worse modified Rankin Scale independent of traditional ICH severity measures. Underlying mechanisms and potential treatments of SAHE require further study.
THE IMPACT OF AGROTECHNICAL FACTORS ON THE CONTENTS OF CHROMIUM AND NICKEL IN GRITS OF SELECTED VARIETIES OF SPRING BARLEY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fertilization and soil tillage have an important position in agriculture, because the modification and availability of nutrients from the soil to plants, as well as heavy metals are related to these mentioned treatments. The main negative impact of heavy metals on the environment is their non-degradability. In our study, the samples of barley grits were analysed, where chromium and nickel contents were determined depending on different agrotechnical methods of growing cereal plants. The field trials were based on a plot of land in the cadastral territory of Dolná Malanta near the city of Nitra in the Slovak Republic. The plot area was 14 m2. In the experiment, three different dosages of macroelements into the soil were applied, and two methods of soil treatment by ploughing were also performed. Barley grits were obtained by grinding of grains of four varieties of spring barley: KM2084, Lédi, Xanadu and Marthe. The lowest content of chromium and nickel in barley grits was determined in the KM2084 variety. The amounts of chromium in the barley grits of our tested samples were in the range 0.17-0.77 mg.kg-1 dry matter and nickel 0.05-0.76 mg.kg-1 dry matter, respectively. According to the Food Code of the Slovak Republic, the maximum permissible amount of chromium (0.77 mg.kg-1) was exceeded, mainly in the Lédi variety, in the case of nickel, its exceeding of the maximum permissible amounts (0,76 mg.kg-1) was not determined in any variety. NPK fertilization in the ratio 16:1:4 (70 kg N ha-1) in combination with minimization ploughing, as well as fertilization in the ratio 2.5:1:1.5 (60 kg N ha-1) in combination with conventional ploughing had an effect on an increase in chromium contents in barley grain in all varieties, but at the same time caused a decrease in nickel contents, except for the Xanadu variety. The same values were determined in the fertilized variant with the addition of limestone after the application of conventional ploughing. The application of conventional ploughing on unfertilized areas had an effect on the increase of nickel contents in all varieties and the decrease of chromium contents in three varieties of spring barley.
[Ceftazidime in the treatment of meningitis caused by multiresistant Serratia marcescens].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A patient of subarachnoid hemorrhage was treated with spinal CSF drainage. Serratia marcescens meningitis occurred because of the spinal CSF drainage. The organism was multiresistant and refractory to antibiotics including piperacillin, imipenem, gentamicin and cephaloridine. It was sensitive to ceftazidime (CAZ). Treatment with CAZ resulted in clinical improvement associated with rapid clearing of the organism from CSF. CAZ serum level was high enough and CAZ penetration into the CSF was satisfactory. According to the evaluation of CAZ concentrations in serum and CSF, two regimens of treatment were recommended. One is an administration of CAZ 1 g x 4 times/day. Another is a combination with CAZ administration 2 g x 2 times/day and followed by 1 g x 4 times/day. The results suggest that CAZ is an extremely effective antibiotic for meningitis caused by CAZ-susceptible bacteria.
Correlation between serum tumor necrosis factor-α levels and clinicoradiological severity of tuberculosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ObjectiveThe aim was to assess the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and its relation to BMI; different radiological features whether the lesion is minimally, moderately advanced, and far advanced; and to follow-up the level of TNF-α.BackgroundOne of the most important and common complaints of patients with TB, which also affects the immune status, is weight loss. When tuberculous infection occurs, a variety of chemokines and cytokines are secreted from infected cells and tissue macrophages. TNF-α increases early in the disease and takes part in the pathogenesis and prevention of mycobacterial infection.Participants and methodsSerum TNF-α was measured in 40 newly diagnosed patients as having active pulmonary TB (group I) and 10 controls (group II).ResultsSerum TNF-α level was significantly higher in patients with active pulmonary TB than in controls, and there was a highly significant negative correlation between TNF-α level and BMI before and after treatment. Serum TNF-α had insignificant positive correlation with grades of Ziehl–Neelsen stain and chest radiography before and after treatment, and the diagnostic cut-off points of TNF-α was found to be 618.1 pg/ml.ConclusionSerum TNF-α level is higher in patients with TB than in controls. TNF-α plays a role in diminishing appetite, in weight loss, and in increased susceptibility to infection.
On the influence of the mowing of chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) upon the development of Sclerotinia-rot caused by Sclerotinia trifoliorum Erik

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Toyama Agricultural Experiment Station reported that it was very effective for control of Sclerotinia rot of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) to mow the tops of the vetch in autumn. The writer made field tests to confirm the result.When the top of vetch plants was cut off with scissors and the plant fragments were carefully romoved from the plots, the number of affected plants was less, giving higher yield, than the untreated plots. But when the top of vetch was mowed with mower or specially designed sickle, the development of the disease was as much or more severe, as compared with the check. The explanation is that the cutting fragments remained in the plots may serve as a nourishing substratum for the fungus, which become vigorous enough to pass over to the vetch plants.
Determinants of Participation versus Consumption in the Nordic Swan Eco-labeled Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper uses data on purchases of Nordic Swan Eco-labeled toilet paper and paper towels by individual Danish households to analyze the determinants of demand for eco-labeled goods and the decision process underlying it. Among several models that are estimated, a double-hurdle model that distinguishes between factors influencing the discrete decision to participate by purchasing an eco-labeled good and the continuous decision about the quantity of the eco-labeled good to be purchased is found to fit the data best. We find that prices as well as consumer tastes and preferences, proxied by their socio-demographic characteristics, have a much stronger impact on the participation decision than on quantity consumed for both Swan-labeled toilet paper and paper towels. The quantity consumed of Swan-labeled goods, on the other hand, is strongly affected by factors such as availability of Swan goods in shops, discount sales on Swan goods, and household size.
Spatial and temporal distribution of the annual parasite incidence of malaria in Brazil: a case study of Acre between 2003 and 2017

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Malaria is a public health problem in Brazil. This study aims at analyzing the number of cases and the Annual Parasite Incidence (API) of malaria in Brazil, which was calculated using the number of cases and the population data. Special attention was placed on the State of Acre within the time interval between 2003 and 2017. 4,647,102 malaria cases were registered in the Brazilian Legal Amazon between 2003 and 2017, which represents 99.99% of the total number of national cases. The API of malaria decreased in the Brazilian Legal Amazon over that period. Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, and Acre were the States with the highest number of occurrences. Among these States, only Acre showed an increasing trend in the number of cases in 2017 when compared to the infection cases reported in 2003. Three municipalities of this State, Cruzeiro do Sul, Mâncio Lima and Rodrigues Alves, represented most of the total number of cases from the State and had an increase in the number of cases in the period. Transmission does not occur homogeneously in the Brazilian Legal Amazon. This study is important for the analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution of the malaria occurrences at Acre.
Optimum operation planning of wind farm using forecasted power data of wind turbine generators considering forecasted error

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In order to solve problems of global warming and depletion of energy resource, renewable energy systems such as wind generation is getting attention. In this optimal operation method, we introduce forecasted output power data of wind turbine generator which is calculated from Grid Point Value (GPV) data of wind speed. And we are considering forecasted error in GPV data. The optimization target is smoothed the output power fluctuation of a wind farm (WF) and is aimed to obtain more benefit for electric power selling. The optimization method uses tabu search (TS).
Ethical Implications of End-Of-Life Decisions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the recent policy update by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario (CPSO), which allows physicians to override patient wishes for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) without consent. It critically analyzes the ethical implications of this shift, emphasizing the juxtaposition between the legal protections for patient’s Last Wills and the relatively diminished safeguarding of their end-of-life care preferences. The paper highlights the potential for bias in physician decision-making, the risk of reverting to a more paternalistic healthcare model, and the challenge of balancing patient autonomy with medical authority. The study underscores the need for a nuanced approach to healthcare policy that respects patient autonomy while addressing the complexities of end-of-life decisions.
ACTIONS OF DIBUTYRYL CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE, PAPAVERINE AND ISOPRENALINE ON THE INTESTINAL SMOOTH MUSCLE

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

It is known that papaverine and isoprenaline stop the spontaneous spike discharge, usually with some hyperpolarization (1–6). The action of β-adrenergic stimulants is thought to be related to the ability of these drugs to increase the intracellular level of cyclic 3’, 5’-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic 3’, 5’-AMP) in the smooth muscles. In the isolated smooth muscle, catecholamine-induced relaxation is thought to be preceded by a rapid rise in cyclic 3’, 5’-AMP concentration. Although exogeneously applied cyclic 3’, 5’-AMP does not gain access to the intracellular fluid in significant amount (7), the N6, 2’-0-dibutyryl derivative, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) has a clear action on the rat intestinal smooth muscle (8). The different effects of the nucleotides may be due to possibly increased entry into cells and a greater resistance to hydrolysis by addition of dibutyryl groups to cyclic AMP. In this paper, mode of action of isoprenaline, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and papaverine has been compared with each other.
Fault tolerant integrated information management support for physically constrained iterative deconvolution

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multiple image processing algorithms are often required to process computer vision inputs. The rapid processing of complex image streams requires more computing power than is found in a typical PC based computer or workstation, and the processing power of high-performance computers (HPCs) and Linux clusters have been required to do this type of rapid massive processing. Emerging multicore processors offer the possibility of doing these types of processing at the PC level in real time. The physically constrained iterative deconvolution (PCID) algorithm is a multi-frame blind deconvolution (MFBD) parallel algorithm that allows the extraction of simple and complex information from multiple images. Massive computing power is required to use this algorithm in real time. Message passing interface (MPI) is normally used with PCID for communications between processors in multiprocessor systems. However, MPI has fault tolerant issues. A tool to replace MPI for multiprocessor communications has been developed that supports a high degree of fault-tolerance, and facilitates multiple image processing by integration with a publication/subscription infrastructure. This tool is demonstrated here for the PCID algorithm. Other attributes of MPI and this tool's publication/subscription information management support for PCID are compared and contrasted.
Cooperation between two modes for DNA replication initiation in the archaeon Thermococcus barophilus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The mechanisms underpinning the replication of genomic DNA have recently been challenged in Archaea . Indeed, the lack of origin of replication has no deleterious effect on growth, suggesting that replication initiation relies on homologous recombination. Recombination-dependent replication (RDR) appears to be based on the recombinase RadA, which is of absolute requirement when no initiation origins are detected. The origin of this flexibility in the initiation of replication and the extent to which it is used in nature are yet to be understood. Here, we followed the process of DNA replication throughout the growth stages of Thermococcus barophilus . We combined deep sequencing and genetics to elucidate the dynamics of oriC utilization according to growth phases. We discovered that in T. barophilus , the use of oriC diminishes from the lag to the middle of the log phase, and subsequently increases gradually upon entering the stationary phase. Although oriC demonstrates no indispensability, RadA does exhibit essentiality. Notably, a knockdown mutant strain provides confirmation of the pivotal role of RadA in RDR for the first time. Thus, we demonstrate the existence of a tight combination between oriC utilization and homologous recombination to initiate DNA replication along the growth phases. Overall, this study demonstrates how diverse physiological states can influence the initiation of DNA replication, offering insights into how environmental sensing might impact this fundamental mechanism of life. IMPORTANCE Replication of DNA is highly important in all organisms. It initiates at a specific locus called ori , which serves as the binding site for scaffold proteins—either Cdc6 or DnaA—depending on the domain of life. However, recent studies have shown that the Archaea , Haloferax volcanii and Thermococcus kodakarensis could subsist without ori . Recombination-dependent replication (RDR), via the recombinase RadA, is the mechanism that uses homologous recombination to initiate DNA replication. The extent to which ori ’s use is necessary in natural growth remains to be characterized. In this study, using Thermococcus barophilus , we demonstrated that DNA replication initiation relies on both oriC and RDR throughout its physiological growth, each to varying degrees depending on the phase. Notably, a knockdown RadA mutant confirmed the prominent use of RDR during the log phase. Moreover, the study of ploidy in oriC and radA mutant strains showed that the number of chromosomes per cell is a critical proxy for ensuring proper growth and cell survival.
Carbon and oxygen stable isotopes of selected Cenomanian and Turonian rudists from Egypt and Czech Republic, and a note on changes in rudist diversity

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The stable isotope record and diversity of Cenomanian and Turonian rudists were compared for areas located at low paleolatitudes (10°N -Northern Egypt; 5 samples; 13 analyses) and middle paleolatitudes (35°N -Czech Republic, Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, BCB; 4 samples; 7 analyses).The oxygen isotope data indicate that the δ 18 O value of seawater was not identical for both areas.Moreover, local variations in seawater δ18 O in the range of at least ±1‰ are probable in the shallow water near-shore environment where the rudists lived.Supposing a value of -1‰ VSMOW for contemporaneous seawater, the paleotemperature can be calculated as being between 24.5 and 31.5 °C for the Late Cenomanian and between 32.9 and 34.7 °C for the Early Turonian in the BCB.The δ 18 O seawater value for the northern part of Egypt was probably slightly lower.Calculation using a seawater value of -1.5‰ VSMOW gives temperatures for the Egypt in the range of 31.0 to 38.8 °C for the Late Cenomanian and 35.5 to 41.2 °C for the Turonian.The sclerochronological isotope profiles within one shell show changes of the calcite δ 18 O value, probably reflecting seasonal changes, with the largest observed within-shell temperature shift corresponding to 8 °C.The analyzed pilot sample set shows that the BCB and Egyptian rudists contain valuable paleoenvironmental information and that a detailed isotope study is needed.Rudist generic diversity of both areas was also compared.The Cenomanian and Turonian rudist assemblages from Egypt and the BCB show similar generic diversity, and also display a similar marked diversity decrease across the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary interval.It is important to note that both areas have similar diversity on the generic and partially species level during the Cenomanian and Turonian.
"both nourished at my grandmother's breast": Eating, Feeding, and the Subverted Female Ideal in Jacobs' Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay analyzes the relationship between Harriet Jacobs’ representations of womanhood in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and the domestic ideal which promoted a woman’s role as nurturer and nourisher. The main female characters in the text, particularly Mrs. Flint, Aunt Martha, and Linda Brent, highlight the distorted nature of womanhood in the context of slavery and point to the subversion and perversion of the nineteenth-century ideals associated with True Womanhood. Each element of the ideal—piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity—is, at first glance, seemingly upheld by these women, but a closer analysis of their actions, circumstances, and especially their interactions with food, reveal the inherent problems in their attempts to embody True Womanhood. Moreover, the acts of feeding and eating, and the instances in which these acts of consumption are distorted in the narrative, play a major role in the overall perversion of both the True Womanhood paradigm and the Cult of Domesticity, and render the concepts themselves paradoxical.
Enhancement of turbulent heat transfer by using CuO nano-particle and twisted tape

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A computational model is developed to investigate the convective heat transfer properties and the fluid flow characteristics of cupric oxide - water nano-fluid in a horizontal circular pipe aiming to provide insights into optimizing heat transfer in such systems. A twisted tape with varied twist ratios is inserted. This quantitative investigation used five Reynolds number from 4,000 to 12,000 under a uniform heat flux scenario of 25,000 W m −2 . All experiments were performed as a single-phase fluid with cupric oxide values of 0, 0.4, 1, and 2% by volume. By reducing the twist ratio and increasing volume concentration, the average heat transfer coefficient of cupric oxide-water nano-fluid was improved. For a twist ratio of 4D, the maximum heat transfer improvement was 228% greater than the plain pipe. The presence of twisted tape with modest step ratios causes the friction factor to grow.
Cochlear Potentials of the Pigeon: Relationships to Age, Serum Cholesterol Level, and Atherosclerosis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The cochlear potentials of different breeds of pigeons were measured. Potentials of old pigeons that developed spontaneous carotid atherosclerotic plaques were generally 15–18 dB poorer in sensitivity than younger birds of the same breed with little or no evidence of plaques. In another breed of pigeon, resistant to spontaneous atherosclerosis, but susceptible to high-cholesterol-diet-induced coronary atherosclerosis, differences in potentials were less clearly defined; however, both the older birds and younger diet treated birds tended to be less sensitive than young nondiet treated birds.
Plant Growth, Physiological, and Biochemical Responses of Medic Savory [Satureja macrantha (Makino) Kudô] to Bio-organic and Inorganic Fertilizers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nowadays, the use of bio-organic compounds has been increased due to adverse effects of chemical fertilizers in production of medicinal plants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of soil amendments (bio-organic and inorganic fertilizers) on plant growth, physiological and biochemical properties of medic savory [Satureja macrantha (Makino) Kudo]. The experiment included nine treatments to be NPK (50:25:25 kg ha−1), vermicompost (VC) (5 t ha-1), NPK +VC, Thiobacillus (T), T + VC, T + sulfur (S) (250 kg ha−1), T+S 500 kg ha−1, Glomus mosseae, and control (untreated plants). Plant height, the number of branches and crown area gradually increased with the application of soil amendments. Accordingly, the simultaneous application of VC and NPK fertilizer significantly increased the amount of these traits compared to other experimental treatments. According to the effect of combined amounts of inorganic, organic, and bio-fertilizers, it was noted that the combination of VC and NPK fertilizer gave the highest chlorophyll content. In both years, soil amendments used in our study gradually increased the total soluble sugar (TSS) and relative water content (RWC) compared to control. Higher essential oil (EO) content and yield were observed under the combination of VC and NPK in comparison toother soil amendments. Our results suggest the simultaneous application of VC and NPK to meet the optimum growth and EO yield of medic savory.