jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Bulk Micromegas with Different Amplification Gaps

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The bulk Micromegas detector is considered to be a promising candidate for building TPCs for several future experiments including the projected linear collider. The standard bulk with a spacing of 128 micron has already established itself as a good choice for its performances in terms of gas gain uniformity, energy and space point resolution, and its capability to efficiently pave large readout surfaces with minimum dead zone. The present work involves the comparison of this standard bulk with a relatively less used bulk Micromegas detector having a larger amplification gap of 192 micron. Detector gain, energy resolution and electron transparency of these Micromegas have been measured under different conditions in various argon based gas mixtures to evaluate their performance. These measured characteristics have also been compared in detail to numerical simulations using the Garfield framework that combines packages such as neBEM, Magboltz and Heed. Further, we have carried out another numerical study to determine the effect of dielectric spacers on different detector features. A comprehensive comparison of the two detectors has been presented and analyzed in this work.
MANAJEMEN PENDIDIK DAN TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Education management at the level of strategy, managerial and staff and operational quality of education. A good quality of education is determined by the good leadership of education, good education will determine the realization of the standards of educators and education personnel. Effective education leadership is predicted to be able to support efforts to realize the standards of educators and education personnel.
THE STRENGTH STRUCTURE OF SPORT CLIMBERS UDC 796.525.012.11

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this paper was to determine the structure of the strength of sport climbers. The study was conducted on 32 sports climbing competitors aged 27.47 ± 4.76, competing at the national and international level of competition. Strength structure was determined by using 18 measuring instruments for strength evaluation (9 for the evaluation of general and 9 for the evaluation of specific strength). In the hypothetical area of strength, three significant factors that explained 85.83% of the common variance of the whole system were isolated: the factor of general and specific static strength (with a common variance of 43.53%), the factor of general and specific repetitive strength (with a common variance of 21.23%), and the factor of general and specific explosive strength (with a common variance of 21.07%). In this way, the sports climbers strength area is represented as three-dimensional.
Abnormal sex cord formation and an intratesticular adrenal cortical nodule in a human fetus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A combination of two developmental abnormalities never described before, a nodule of adrenal cortical tissue and some severely stunted sex cords, in the right testis of a four‐month‐old human fetus are described in detail. In the left testis a few abnormal cords were found but no adrenal tissue was seen. The possible origin of the abnormalities is discussed. It is suggested on circumstantial evidence that the ectopic adrenal cortex migrated into the testis near the end of the period during which the pattern of sex cords becomes established (around day 40 ?) and began exerting an inhibiting influence on the development of the sex cords as soon as endocrine function began, probably somewhat before the end of the third month. This influence probably did not last long.
Mutual Foreground Segmentation with Multispectral Stereo Pairs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The foreground-background segmentation of video sequences is a low-level process commonly used in machine vision, and highly valued in video content analysis and smart surveillance applications. Its efficacy directly relies on the contrast between objects observed by the sensor. In this work, we study how the combination of sensors operating in the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) and visible spectra can improve the performance of foreground-background segmentation methods. As opposed to a classic visible spectrum stereo pair, this multispectral pair is more adequate for foreground object segmentation since it reduces the odds of observing low-contrast regions simultaneously in both images. We show that by alternately minimizing a stereo disparity energy and a binary segmentation energy with dynamic priors, we can drastically improve the results of a traditional video segmentation approach applied to each sensor individually. Our implementation is freely available online for anyone wishing to recreate our results.
An update on enterovirus 71 infection and interferon type I response

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Enteroviruses are members of Pichornaviridae family consisting of human enterovirus group A, B, C, and D as well as nonhuman enteroviruses. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious disease which is usually seen in the Asia‐Pacific region in children. Enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 are two important viruses responsible for HFMD which are members of group A enterovirus. IFN α and β are two cytokines, which have a major activity in the innate immune system against viral infections. Most of the viruses have some weapons against these cytokines. EV71 has two main proteases called 2A and 3C, which are important for polyprotein processing and virus maturation. Several studies have indicated that they have a significant effect on different cellular pathways such as interferon production and signaling pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the latest findings about the interaction of 2A and 3C protease of EV71 and IFN production/signaling pathway and their inhibitory effects on this pathway.
Complexity-aware Large Scale Origin-Destination Network Generation via Diffusion Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Origin-Destination~(OD) networks provide an estimation of the flow of people from every region to others in the city, which is an important research topic in transportation, urban simulation, etc. Given structural regional urban features, generating the OD network has become increasingly appealing to many researchers from diverse domains. However, existing works are limited in independent generation of each OD pair, i.e., flow of people from one region to another, overlooking the relations within the overall network. In this paper, we instead propose to generate the OD network, and design a graph denoising diffusion method to learn the conditional joint probability distribution of the nodes and edges within the OD network given city characteristics at region level. To overcome the learning difficulty of the OD networks covering over thousands of regions, we decompose the original one-shot generative modeling of the diffusion model into two cascaded stages, corresponding to the generation of network topology and the weights of edges, respectively. To further reproduce important network properties contained in the city-wide OD network, we design an elaborated graph denoising network structure including a node property augmentation module and a graph transformer backbone. Empirical experiments on data collected in three large US cities have verified that our method can generate OD matrices for new cities with network statistics remarkably similar with the ground truth, further achieving superior outperformance over competitive baselines in terms of the generation realism.
Life history variation and demography of the invasive plant Eschscholzia californica Cham. (Papaveraceae), in two altitudinal extremes, Central Chile Variación de historias de vida y demografía de la planta invasora Eschscholzia californica Cham. (Papaveraceae) en dos extremos altitudinales, Chile central

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, we compared demographic responses of Eschscholzia californica populations located at different altitude, under the basic assumption that altitudinal gradients impose environmental limitation to the spread at the upper edge of the gradient. We detected significant differences among populations either in terms of life history attributes and the finite rate of increase. In general, coastal population expressed higher finite population rates than mountain populations, although these differences were not statistically significant. Mountain populations (Corral Quemado and Farellones) expressed a finite population rate not significant different of 1. These result suggest that at the upper front of invasion the species is in a demographic equilibrium because in spite of we detected a higher plant fecundity, there exist ecological constraints a seed stage level. We proposed to address more specific studies assessing from one hand, seed movement from lower altitudes and the efficiency of domestic cattle as biotic vector; we also propose to examine the feasibility of this species to establish positive interactions with cushion plants, and therefore to expand its geographic range due to this facilitation effect.
En este estudio comparamos las respuestas demográficas de las poblaciones de Eschscholzia californica ubicadas a diferentes altitudes, bajo el supuesto básico de que los gradientes altitudinales imponen limitaciones a la invasión. Se detectaron diferencias significativas entre las poblaciones, ya sea en términos de atributos de la historia de vida y tasa finita de crecimiento. En general, las poblaciones costeras expresaron mayores tasas de crecimiento que las poblaciones de montaña, aun cuando éstas no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Las poblaciones de montaña (Corral Quemado y Farellones) fueron las únicas que mostraron una tasa de crecimiento similar a 1. Estos resultados sugieren que las poblaciones ubicadas en el frente superior de invasión estarían en un equilibrio demográfico debido a que aun cuando se detectó una elevada fecundidad, existen restricciones ecológicas a nivel de las semillas. Proponemos hacer estudios más específicos para evaluar un posible movimiento de semillas desde altitudes más bajas y la eficiencia del ganado doméstico como vector transportador de estas semillas; proponemos también examinar la posibilidad que tiene esta planta de establecer interacciones positivas con las plantas en cojín, ubicadas a mayores alturas y, por lo tanto, ampliar su rango altitudinal debido a este efecto de facilitación.
ReCANVo: A Dataset of Real-World Communicative and Affective Nonverbal Vocalizations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A dataset of 7077 labeled vocalizations made by non-speaking individuals. Each vocalization lasts approximately 0.5-4 seconds and is labeled with its affective or communicative meaning. Data were acquired in real-world settings (homes, schools, etc.) and were labeled in real-time by parents or caregivers who knew the non-speaking communicator well. dataset_file_directory.csv provides the name of each vocalization file, the corresponding participant ID, and the vocalization meaning or label (delighted, frustrated, request, etc.). If you use this dataset, please cite Johnson & Narain et al., "ReCANVo: A Database of Real-World Communicative and Affective Nonverbal Vocalizations". The authors are Jaya Narain, Kristina T. Johnson, Thomas Quatieri, Pattie Maes, and Rosalind Picard. This paper provides more information about the dataset, including data acquisition methodology, pre-processing procedures, and participant demographics. **J.N. and K.T.J. are joint first authors on this project. Please include both names in attribution when possible (e.g., Johnson & Narain et al.).
[Textual research on classical prescription of Acorus tatarinowii].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Based on the prescription books of herbs and medical books of all dynasties,this article makes a textual research on the name,origin,position,quality,collection,processing and concocting of Acorus tatarinowii used in the classical prescription,and clarifies the relationship between ancient and modern,so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of the classical famous prescription.According to research,A. tatarinowii has many aliases and is often remembered as " Chang pu" when use as medicine; It has a wide distribution of resources in our country,all over the country have produced and mostly wild,its producing areas there is a trend of migration to the southeast; It is recorded in the ancient books of Chinese herbs that most of its medicinal parts are roots,and to root thin,solid quality,dense,aromatic smell,full taste,chewing less slag of high quality; It is harvested in February,May,August and December,and dried in the shade after harvesting; Its concocting methods are more than 20 species have been recorded; Before the Tang Dynasty,the basis of the medicinal A. tatarinowii was relatively chaotic,through textual research,it is concluded that A. tatarinowii should be the mainstream in all dynasties,and that its quality is superior to that of other species in the same genus.It is recommended to be used in " Kaixin san" and " rehmannia drink".
Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase by a Drosophila dual-specific phosphatase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Drosophila extracellular signal-regulated kinase (DERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is involved in the regulation of multiple differentiation and developmental processes. Tight control of MAPK activity is critical for normal cell behaviour. We identified a novel Drosophila MAPK phosphatase (DMKP) cDNA from the expressed-sequence-tag database and characterized it. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed an open reading frame encoding the 203-amino acid protein, with a calculated molecular mass of 23kDa, which has a high amino acid sequence similarity with ‘VH1-like’dual-specific phosphatases at the broad region near the catalytic sites. The expression of DMKP mRNA occurs from the late larval stages to adulthood in Drosophila development. The recombinant DMKP protein produced in yeast retained its phosphatase activity. When expressed in Schneider cells, DMKP dose-dependently inhibited DERK and Drosophila c-Jun N-terminal kinase activities with high selectivity towards DERK. However, DMKP did not have any affect on Drosophila p38 activity. When DMKP was expressed in yeast, it down-regulated the fus1-lacZ trans-reporter gene of the pheromone MAPK pathway without any significant effect on the high-osmolarity-glycerol-response pathway.
Thetis and Cheiron in Thessaly

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines an area of Thessalian mythology and cult surrounding the figures of Thetis the Nereid and Cheiron the centaur. It argues that the pair derive a substantial amount of their characterisation, in ancient narratives, from their mutual association, and that only by studying them together can we receive a full insight into their mythological and religious personae. Thetis and Cheiron are shown to differ significantly with regard to a number of themes, such as their relationship with symbolic topography and the natural landscape of Thessaly and – most strikingly – their kourotrophic roles. Thetis’ strong association with ambiguous nurture is argued to connect with her physical conception, especially her association with the shape-changing sepia, cuttlefish, an association which involves her in the wider ancient discourse of unreliable female beauty. It is also shown that the Thetis of Homeric epic is significantly different from the Thetis found in other ancient narratives.
BIOL 488: The Investigation of magnetosome constructs in developing a new cancer therapy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Magnetotactic bacteria are a very diverse group of prokaryotes that produce magnetic crystals called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes allow these bacteria to navigate environments with low oxygen concentrations. These magnetosomes present in MTB have been found to have many different applications in the biological sciences medical field. They can be used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic hypothermia which will increase cell death, and drug delivery. There is currently a lack of knowledge and complexity about the isolation of these magnetosomes for these applications.
Extracellular calcium is involved in stomatal movement through the regulation of water channels in broad bean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Involvement of extracellular Ca2+ in stomatal movement through the regulation of water channels was investigated in broad bean (Vicia faba L.). Leaf peels were first incubated to open stomata, and then transferred to buffers in the presence of different CaCl2 concentrations. Stomatal status was observed under magnification and stomatal aperture (pore width/length) was measured. Stomatal closure was significantly induced and aperture oscillation occurred at lower extracellular concentrations of calcium ([Ca2+](ext)), while at higher concentrations, no significant change in stomatal aperture was observed, which was similar to the response recorded with HgCl2. Lower [Ca2+](ext)-induced stomatal closure could be reversed using depolarizing buffer. It is suggested that lower [Ca2+](ext) regulates water channels through an indirect way and at higher concentrations, extracellular Ca2+ is involved in regulating stomatal aperture by directly influencing water channels to retard aperture change.
Emancipation: The Making of the Black Lawyer, 1844-1944.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Emancipation: The Making of the Black Lawyer, 1844–1944. By J. Clay Smith Jr. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993. xx, 703 pp. $56.95, ISBN 0-8122-3181-3.) Get access Stewart Burns Stewart Burns Stanford University, Stanford, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 81, Issue 3, December 1994, Pages 1315–1316, https://doi.org/10.2307/2081529 Published: 01 December 1994
Measurement of edge plasma parameters in KT-1 tokamak by single/Mach probes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Summary form only given, as follows. A combined system of a single probe and a Mach probe is used for the simultaneous measurement of electron temperature, plasma density, floating potential and flow velocity from edge plasma in a KT-1 small tokamak (R:27 cm a:5 cm) during Ohmic discharges. Typical values of electron temperature, plasma density, and floating potential by a single probe are 19/spl sim/22 eV, /spl sim/3/spl times/10/sup 11/ cm/sup -3/, and -14/spl sim/-22 volts, respectively, for most discharges. A Mach probe has been used for the measurement of toroidal flow velocity, plasma density, and directional electron temperatures. The big difference of parallel and antiparallel electron temperatures indicates the asymmetry of the electron behavior around the plasma facing components (PFC).
An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Preservation of glomerular structure and function is pivotal in the prevention of glomerulonephritis, a category of kidney disease characterized by proteinuria which can eventually lead to chronic and end-stage renal disease. The glomerulus is a complex apparatus responsible for the filtration of plasma from the body. In disease, structural integrity is lost and allows for the abnormal leakage of plasma contents into the urine. A method to isolate and examine glomeruli in culture is critical for the study of these diseases. In this protocol, an efficient method of retrieving intact glomeruli from adult rat kidneys while conserving structural and morphological characteristics is described. This process is capable of generating high yields of glomeruli per kidney with minimal contamination from other nephron segments. With these glomeruli, injury conditions can be mimicked by incubating them with a variety of chemical toxins, including protamine sulfate, which causes foot process effacement and proteinuria in animal models. Degree of injury can be assessed using transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting. Nephrin and Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) levels can also be assessed from these cultures. Due to the ease and flexibility of this protocol, the isolated glomeruli can be utilized as described or in a way that best suits the needs of the researcher to help better study glomerular health and structure in diseased states.
Modeling Species Inhibition and Competitive Adsorption in Urea-SCR Catalysts

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Although the urea-SCR technology exhibits high NOx reduction efficiency over a wide range of temperatures among the lean NOx reduction technologies, further improvement in low-temperature performance is required to meet the future emission standards and to lower the system cost. In order to improve the catalyst technologies and optimize the system performance, it is critical to understand the reaction mechanisms and catalyst behaviors with respect to operating conditions. Urea-SCR catalysts exhibit poor NOx reduction performance at low temperature operating conditions (T < 150 C). We postulate that the poor performance is either due to NH3 storage inhibition by species like hydrocarbons or due to competitive adsorption between NH3 and other adsorbates such as H2O and hydrocarbons in the exhaust stream. In this paper we attempt to develop one-dimensional models to characterize inhibition and competitive adsorption in Fe-zeolite based urea-SCR catalysts based on bench reactor experiments. We further use the competitive adsorption (CA) model to develop a standard SCR model based on previously identified kinetics. Simulation results indicate that the CA model predicts catalyst outlet NO and NH3 concentrations with minimal root mean square error.
Piezoelectric and conventional osteotomy in alveolar distraction osteogenesis in a series of 17 patients.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The use of piezoelectric osteotomy in alveolar distraction appears to simplify surgery and reduce the incidence of intraoperative complications. However, results also suggest that piezoelectric osteotomy increases the risk of postoperative and postdistraction complications and reduces the overall rehabilitation success rate.
Deamidation studies on selected food proteins

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Complete deamidation (amide bond hydrolysis) of soy protein and some other food protein was achieved by acid hydrolysis. The amide content of the proteins was determined based on the amount of ammonia generated. When soy protein was treated with commercial proteases, deamidation was found to occur to the free glutamine in the hydrolysates. The deamidation was nonenzymatic and was accelerated by anions such as phosphate and bicarbonate. Ammonia was also generated during the proteolysis from sources other than deamidation. The generation of nonamide ammonia was most likely from enzymatic deamination (cleavage of amino groups) because of the reaction of microorganisms.