jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modern solid lubrication: Recent developments and applications of MoS2

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An important and growing field of lubrication lies in the use of solid films, although they are in general more expensive than oils or greases, and require specialist attention both in mechanical design and in coating application techniques. In this paper, the general classification of solid lubricant types is reviewed, along with the reasons for choosing, and methods of depositing, solid lubricants, in particular MoS 2 . The best‐performing and most flexible technique for making MoS 2 films is by physical vapour deposition (PVD), and the variants of that technology are considered. The intrinsically lubricating, lamellar structure of pure MoS 2 is described, along with a brief summary of its wear and failure modes. Present applications for lubrication by MoS 2 in spacecraft and dry machining are outlined, as are anti‐adhesive uses in extruding and moulding. The current state of the art of modification of MoS 2 films consists in the addition of dopants (co‐sputtering), in multilayering as a series of films, each fulfilling a specific task, or in stacking repeating nano‐metre‐scale films. Composite films of MoS 2 islands in a hard film matrix are also being developed.
Based on fuzzy theory analysis method applied to community underground building fire risk assessment

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The overall stability of the underground building community is related to the community, and the fire safety of the underground building is the top priority. Starting from the fire safety of underground buildings, this paper establishes the fire safety risk assessment system of underground buildings, uses AHP to determine the index weight, then applies the fuzzy theory to the comprehensive evaluation of underground buildings, determines the grade of underground buildings, and applies the fuzzy theory to the community fire safety of underground buildings, hoping to provide some reference for community fire safety.
Research on Universities’ Control of Online Discourse Power in the Period of COVID-19: A Case Study of Shanghai Universities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Under the situation of the normalization of the prevention and control of COVID-19, related online public opinion occurs from time to time. University administrators must grasp the right of online discourse to guide the direction of online public opinion and ensure the stability of campus order. This paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of university administrators to grasp the right of online discourse from the basis of reality, compares two kinds of measures and their combinations through questionnaires and computer simulation experiments: publishing authoritative information and focusing on opinion leaders, argues the effectiveness of these two types of measures, and puts forward specific countermeasure suggestions on this basis.
Effects of an invasive herbivore at the single plant scale do not extend to population-scale seedling dynamics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A complex of nine invasive weevils has established in the northern hardwood forests of the Great Lakes Region. These weevils have become the numerically dominant arthropod fauna in the lower vegetation strata of this ecosystem. Effects of these folivorous adults and rhizophagous larvae on seedling survival and density are unknown. We measured the impact of adult weevil defoliation on individual sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) seedlings, the numerically dominant flora in these stands. Over 14 500 seedlings were measured to examine the effects of larval abundance, adult abundance, and adult defoliation on seedling dynamics during 2005–2009. Heavy defoliation led to individual sugar maple seedling mortality. However, at the stand level there was no measureable net effect of invasive weevils against the high natural background rates of seedling mortality. Seedling growth and biomass were reduced by high adult or larval populations, which were associated with heavy leaf and root herbivory, but not by moderate adult or larval populations. We conclude that high levels of redundancy and compensatory processes in this environment allow sugar maple seedling populations to tolerate high levels of weevil damage, although additional stresses could reduce this resilience.
Spatial and temporal variability and monitoring of hydrophysical fields of the Black Sea

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

As part of the Russian-Ukrainian program “The Black Sea as a Simulation Model of the Ocean,” the monitoring of the marine environment is considered using modern measuring systems. On the basis of historical and contemporary observation data, we estimate the spatial and temporal scales of dominant processes in the Black Sea. We describe the main measuring systems used to monitor the structure and variability of the hydrophysical fields. Examples characterizing the specific features of the Black Sea processes are presented.
[The regional explantation team: an important contribution to organ procurement for transplantation in the Netherlands].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

If organ donations concern not only the kidneys, but also the liver, pancreas and, sometimes, the heart and (or) lungs, several surgical removal teams, often from different (foreign) transplantation centres, may be involved. This has created organizatory problems resulting in loss of organs for transplantation. In the Nijmegen area since October 1994 a removal team has been active that in the regional donor hospital removes all abdominal organs from the donor on behalf of the various transplantation centres. This regional removal team performed 105 multi-organ explanations in the period from October 1994 to December 1997. The reports that came back from the transplantation centres that had received the organs showed that none of these organs had been lost for transplantation through organizatory problems or anatomical damage. Experiences of operating room staff involved were positive: it was especially the standard surgical techniques and the quiet in the operating room that were appreciated. Special removal teams may greatly improve the evolution of organ donation in the Netherlands.
The remedial conservation and support jacketing of the neotype specimen of the dinosaur Massospondylus carinatus

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In March 2017 the neotype specimen of the Early Jurassic South African prosauropod dinosaur Massospondylus carinatus was appraised and condition reported at the Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), Johannesburg, in readiness for remedial conservation and re-storage. The work was necessitated by deterioration of the specimen, which was caused by handling over a number of years and an inadequate and failing support mount. Formally numbered BP/1/4934, but more affectionately known to staff as ‘Big Momma’, the specimen was contained within several individual blocks on flimsy support bases and presented various conservation challenges.These included treatment of fractures and cracking across several surfaces of the fossil and the production of clam shell supports to allow for articulated display within the constraints of an existing display cabinet. Part of the brief was to facilitate safer handling and access for researchers. This project was led by the author who also trained the curatorial and preparation staff at WITS in the methods and techniques employed. The visit was funded by the Palaeontological Scientific Trust (PAST), the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Palaeosciences and The University of the Witwatersrand (WITS).
Obese Patients Benefit, but do not Fare as Well as Nonobese Patients, Following Lumbar Spondylolisthesis Surgery: An Analysis of the Quality Outcomes Database

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Given recent differing findings following 2 randomized clinical trials on degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) surgery, there is a need to better define how subsets of patients fare following surgery. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of obesity on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following DLS surgery. METHODS A total of 12 high-enrolling sites were queried, and we found 797 patients undergoing surgery for grade 1 DLS. For univariate comparisons, patients were stratified by BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 (obese) and < 30 kg/m 2 (nonobese). Baseline, 3-mo, and 12-mo follow-up parameters were collected. PROs included the North American Spine Society satisfaction questionnaire, numeric rating scale (NRS) back pain, NRS leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) Questionnaire. RESULTS We identified 382 obese (47.9%) and 415 nonobese patients (52.1%). At baseline, obese patients had worse NRS back pain, NRS leg pain, ODI, and EQ-5D scores ( P < .001, P = .01, P < .001, and P = .02, respectively). Both cohorts improved significantly for back and leg pain, ODI, and EQ-5D at 12 mo ( P < .001). At 12 mo, similar proportions of obese and nonobese patients responded that surgery met their expectations (62.6% vs 67.4%, P = .24). In multivariate analyses, BMI was independently associated with worse NRS leg pain and EQ-5D at 12 mo ( P = .01 and P < .01, respectively) despite adjusting for baseline differences. CONCLUSION Obesity is associated with inferior leg pain and quality of life—but similar back pain, disability, and satisfaction—12 mo postoperatively. However, obese patients achieve significant improvements in all PRO metrics at 12 mo.
Seasonal response of denitrifiers to temperature in a Quebec cropped soil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

While some studies indicate no denitrification activity in early spring, others have demonstrated that denitrifiers from temperate region soils can adapt to low temperatures. The aim of the present paper was to study how seasonal changes in temperature affect denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) in a cropped humic gleysol located in a cold temperate climate (Quebec). Soil was sampled monthly during a 16-mo period and DEA was measured at nine temperatures from 2 to 35°C. A seasonal effect of temperature on DEA was significant at all incubation temperatures and was more important in November and in May–June. The effect of temperature on DEA was better fitted with the square root model of Ratkowsky than with the Arrhenius equation. The regression coefficient b (Ratkowsky parameter) varied seasonally with a trend similar to that of DEA. These results show that the Ratkowsky model should be used instead of Arrhenius equation to describe the effect of cold temperature on denitrification. Key words: Denitrification, temperature, cold, Arrhenius equation, Ratkowsky model
Research & Subject Guides: Created Equal: America's Civil Rights Struggle: Community Conversation on The Loving Story with Guest Speaker Armondo Collins

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This guide accompanies the Created Equal film series, hosted at F.D. Bluford Library and sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Community Conversation on The Loving Story with Guest Speaker Armondo Collins
Hugo Pratt's self-translation : When the verbal leaves the visual

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Hugo Pratt's self-translation: When the verbal leaves the visual Hugo Pratt (1927-1995) is considered to be the creator of Europe's first graphic novel. His graphic production, mainly the series dedicated to Corto Maltese, has been the object of study, but little research has been done on the interesting phenomenon of intersemiotic translation within the series. In the last phase of his life, Pratt rewrote A Ballad of the Salty Sea (Una ballata del mare salato, 1967), turning the graphic novel into a literary one (published posthumously in 2003). The present paper will focus on Pratt's translation exercise of his own work. Whereas the original Ballad of the Salty Sea is the result of the intersection between verbal and visual languages, the 2003 novel wipes out the dialogue between image and word. After having analysed the specificity of both the narrations, the paper will present the implications of Pratt's self-translation.
On the equivalence of contraction and Koopman approaches for nonlinear stability and control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we prove new connections between two frameworks for analysis and control of nonlinear systems: the Koopman operator framework and contraction analysis. Each method, in different ways, provides exact and global analyses of nonlinear systems by way of linear systems theory. The main results of this paper show equivalence between contraction and Koopman approaches for a wide class of stability analysis and control design problems. In particular: stability or stablizability in the Koopman framework implies the existence of a contraction metric (resp. control contraction metric) for the nonlinear system. Further in certain cases the converse holds: contraction implies the existence of a set of observables with which stability can be verified via the Koopman framework. We provide results for the cases of autonomous and time-varying systems, as well as orbital stability of limit cycles. Furthermore, the converse claims are based on a novel relation between the Koopman method and construction of a Kazantzis-Kravaris-Luenberger observer. We also provide a byproduct of the main results, that is, a new method to learn contraction metrics from trajectory data via linear system identification.
High-Pressure Crystal Growth, Superconducting Properties, and Electronic Band Structure of Nb2P5

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Orthorhombic (space group: Pnma) Nb2P5 is a high-pressure phase that is\nquenchable to ambient pressure, which could viewed as the zigzag infinite P\nchain-inserted NbP2. We report herein the high-pressure crystal growth of Nb2P5\nand the discovery of its superconducting transition at Tc ~ 2.6 K. The\nelectrical resistivity, magnetization, and specific heat capacity measurements\non the high-quality crystal unveiled a conventional type-II weakly coupled\ns-wave nature of the superconductivity, with the upper critical field Hc2(0) ~\n0.5 T, the electron-phonon coupling strength {\\lambda}ep ~ 0.5 - 0.8, and the\nGinzburg-Landau parameter \\k{appa} ~ 100. The ab initio calculations on the\nelectronic band structure unveiled nodal-line structures protected by different\nsymmetries. The one caused by band inversion, for example, on the {\\Gamma}-X\nand U-R paths of the Brillouin zone, likely could bring nontrivial topology and\nhence possible nontrivial surface state on the surface. The surface states on\nthe (100), (010) and (110) surfaces were also calculated and discussed. The\ndiscovery of the phosphorus-rich Nb2P5 superconductor would be instructive for\nthe design of more metal phosphides superconductors which might host\nunconventional superconductivity or potential technical applications.\n
Diagnosis of Brucella ovis infection of rams with an ELISA using protein G as conjugate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect of chronic alcoholism on neuronal nuclear size and neuronal population of two memory-related diencephalic centres, the mammillary body and the anterior thalamic complex, has been examined in 24 chronic male alcoholics and 22 agematched male controls.Cases were subdivided into three age groups (30-44 years, 45-59 years and 60-75 years).The results showed a significant reduction in both neuronal numbers and nuclear size in alcoholics compared to controls.Differences were especially high in the youngest alcoholics.The intensity of liver damage (steatosis vs. cirrhosis) did not have any sig-
Bullying and Youth With Disabilities: Understanding the Complexity of Involvement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the complex intersection between students with disabilities and bullying prevention within educational settings. While bullying impacts all students, those with disabilities face unique challenges that make them more vulnerable to such experiences (Rose & Gage, 2016; Rose et al., 2011). By examining the underlying factors contributing to the heightened risk of bullying among students with disabilities, this chapter aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the issue. It delves into the specific ways in which students with disabilities are targeted and engage in bullying behaviors, such as through verbal, relational, or physical, and highlights the negative consequences on their overall well-being and academic performance. Moreover, this chapter examines existing interventions and strategies employed to prevent bullying among students with disabilities. It critically evaluates the effectiveness of individual, classroom, and school-wide interventions, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach that addresses the unique needs and challenges faced by this subset of students. The importance of collaboration between educators, parents, and other stakeholders in implementing evidence-based practices is also emphasized. By promoting awareness, fostering inclusive school environments, and implementing targeted interventions, we can strive toward creating a safe and supportive atmosphere that enables students with disabilities to thrive academically and socially, free from bullying involvement.
Feeding ecology and behaviour of the Dormer's bat, Pipistrellus dormeri dormeri (Dobson, 1875), in the Indian Desert.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The Dormer's Bat, Pipistrellus dormeri dormeri, collected from various districts of Rajasthan, is mainly an insectivorous species. Lepidoptera, Orthoptera and Coleoptera are devoured throughout the year, Hymenoptera in all but winter season. During summer and monsoon months Isoptera (termites) are a very preferred diet of bats. Dictyoptera and Neuroptera are consumed in winter and post monsoon seasons, depending upon their availability and abundance in nature. Presence of bats' own fur in the gut during summer and monsoon months well coincides with their breeding season in Rajasthan. Presence of various polyphagous insect pest species of crops in the guts of bats show that this species can play a promising role in the management of harmful insects of the crops. Observations on roosting and foraging behaviour of Dormer's bat are also presented.
An improved Hardy inequality for a nonlocal operator

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $0 Given $1 \le q < p$, there exists a positive constant $C\equivC(\Omega, q, N, s)$ such that $$\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^N}\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^N} \,\frac{|u(x)-u(y)|^{p}}{|x-y|^{N+ps}}\,dx\,dy - \Lambda_{N,p,s}\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^N} \frac{|u(x)|^p}{|x|^{ps}}\,dx$$$$\geqC\int\limits_{\Omega}\int\limits_{\Omega}\frac{|u(x)-u(y)|^p}{|x-y|^{N+qs}}dxdy$$for all $u \in \mathcal{C}_0^\infty({\Omega})$.Here $\Lambda_{N,p,s}$ is the optimal constant in the Hardyinequality （1.1）.
Food surplus as charitable provision

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses how the contemporary food system, marked by corporate concentration, the excessive supply of energy-dense packaged products and resulting in rising volumes of waste, requires, in the 'age of sustainability', new means of disposal. It explores the rise of 'smart app tech entrepreneurs' that serve as intermediaries between suppliers of 'surplus' food and charitable partners willing to distribute this amongst their client base, the 'deserving poor'. The acquisition of foods outside that of the large food retailer surplus redistribution efforts is also prevalent in the Irish context. The global agri-food system has been lauded for its scale, efficiency and capacity to deliver more calories for a lower proportion of consumer spending than ever before, which has shaped the diets of a majority of the world's population. The chapter concludes with a discussion on how these insights will help in developing a more durable case for transitioning towards a commons-based food system.
Pd-Catalyzed cascade Heck cyclization/carbonylation of indoles with aryl formates: enantioselective construction of indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A palladium-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular Heck cyclization/carbonylation reaction has been developed, which utilizes formates as the source of CO to enantioselectively synthesize ester-substituted indolo[2,1- a ]isoquinolines.
THE EFFECTS OF FACTORS IMPORTANT IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENTS ON THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OFUCA SUBCYLINDRICA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lack of food and salinity extremes are conditions encountered by the early life stages of Uca subcylindrica in their semi-arid habitats, where nursery areas are temporary rainfall puddles. Several characteristics of the larvae and early postlarvae promote high survivorship in these extreme environments. When starved, yolk reserves in the two zoeal stages lasted through metamorphosis to the megalopal stage and allowed ≥50% survival for 11 days after that. Food was required by the megalopae, however, before molt to crab I occurred. Larvae and early postlarvae survived and developed in a wide range of salinities under laboratory conditions—0.08 to ∼50‰. The ability to hyperosmotically regulate the blood was present at hatch. Tolerance to higher salinities increased with successive stages as the ability to hypo-osmotically regulate improved. The early stages of other fiddler crab species are unlikely to survive and develop in the conditions experienced by the zoeae, megalopae, and early crabs of U. subcylindrica in their unusual habitats.
Glucocorticoid Therapy Decreases Serum Lipoprotein(a) Concentration in Rheumatic Diseases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lipoprotein(a) has been strongly suggested to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, its metabolism and/or regulation by drug treatment still remain unknown. We therefore studied the effects of glucocorticoid therapy on serum lipoprotein(a) in rheumatic diseases. Although the glucocorticoid treatment increased the total serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations, it reduced the serum lipoprotein(a) concentration (mean, 40%) in a dose-dependent manner in 9 patients with rheumatic diseases without nephrotic syndrome. Similar results were observed in 2 patients who did have nephrotic syndrome. It is assumed that the increase of total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in serum levels are atherogenic, whereas the increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the decrease of lipoprotein(a) are protective for atherosclerosis. The clinical outcome of the concomitant results in lipid metabolism in the development of atherosclerosis remains to be studied.
A Revised Estimate of the Risk of Carcinogenesis from X-Rays to Scoliosis Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A considerable amount of concern has been felt recently for the risk of carcinogenesis from x-rays to scoliosis patients. This paper re-evaluates risk in quantitative terms by using some data measured by us and other data recently published in the literature. The risks are considerably smaller than had been estimated earlier. Compared with the natural incidence of cancer in the general population, the cumulative additional risk for scoliosis patients varies from 0.2% for breast carcinoma to 5% for leukemia.