jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ENTERAL NUTRITION AND PHENYTOIN ADMINISTRATION IN HEAD TRAUMA PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Seizure is common after head trauma and neurosurgery. Phenytoin is the most common anti-convulsant drug used in epileptic patients and for prevention of seizure in patients with head trauma and stroke. This drug has unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. Phenytoin administration along with enteral nutrition in ICU patients may be accompanied by decreased phenytoin absorption and inadequate therapeutic concentration. The present study was performed to assess the effect of enteral nutrition on the pharmacokinetic therapeutic parameters of phenytoin given to our patients. Materials and Methods: In a clinical trial, the study group was divided into two groups of 15 patients each. After obtaining steady-state phenytion serum concentration, two blood samples were obtained from each patient on 2 consecutive days and then analyzed. The mean was assessed on the basis of serum albumin level of the patient. Clearance and maximum metabolic capacity were also calculated. Results: Serum phenytoin level was below the therapeutic range (10- 20 mg/l) in 70% of patients in group 1 and was higher than the therapeutic range in 70% of patients in group 2 who received oral phenytoin (by dissolving in water) 2h after enteral nutrition. Mean phenytion concentration was 6.3±4mg/l and 24.7±9.4mg/l in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Conclusion: We found oral phenytoin administration with enteral nutrition (gavage solutions) to result in a significant decrease in absorption and blood concentration of phenytoin. We recommend administration of phenytoin with water only. In addition, monitoring of phenytoin serum concentration is necessary for assessment of therapeutic concentration and prevention of side effects. (Tanaffos 2008; 7(3): 59-62)
The Role of Embeddedness Factors in Predicting the Paths of the Unfolding Model of Voluntary Turnover

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A great deal of research has been conducted to determine the relationship between the job satisfaction of employees and the likelihood of their leaving or intending to leave an organization. However, research addressing other reasons why employees may leave their organizations has been lacking. Lee and Mitchell (1994) created the unfolding model of turnover to better define and classify the process employees go through in making decisions to leave their organizations. This model suggests that many people decide to leave their jobs/organizations for reasons other than job dissatisfaction. In a separate stream of research, Lee and Mitchell and their colleagues also began to examine a concept of embeddedness. They described embeddedness as the attachment employees have to the organization and surrounding environment (e.g., church, community organizations). Although Lee and Mitchell had not integrated their two lines of research, there was adequate evidence to indicate that the connections should be made. As a result, the goal of this dissertation was to extend the unfolding model of turnover by including embeddedness factors as predictors of how individuals decide to quit their jobs and organizations. Three studies were conducted in order to examine several hypotheses related to this goal. The findings indicated that conscientiousness was the embeddedness factor that was most consistently related to the way in which participants decided to leave their jobs. The implications of these findings and considerations for future research are discussed.
Involvement of the stress protein HSP47 in procollagen processing in the endoplasmic reticulum

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The 47,000-D collagen-binding glycoprotein, heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), is a stress-inducible protein localized in the ER of collagen-secreting cells. The location and collagen-binding activity of this protein led to speculation that HSP47 might participate in collagen processing. Chemical crosslinking studies were used to test this hypothesis both before and after the perturbation of procollagen processing. The association of procollagen with HSP47 was demonstrated using cleavable bifunctional crosslinking reagents. HSP47 and procollagen were shown to be coprecipitated by the treatment of intact cells with anti-HSP47 or with anticollagen antibodies. Furthermore, several proteins residing in the ER were noted to be crosslinked to and coprecipitated with HSP47, suggesting that these ER-resident proteins may form a large complex in the ER. When cells were heat shocked, or when stable triple-helix formation was inhibited by treatment with alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl, coprecipitation of procollagen with HSP47 was increased. This increase was due to the inhibition of procollagen secretion and to the accumulation of procollagen in the ER. Pulse label and chase experiments revealed that coprecipitated procollagen was detectable as long as procollagen was present in the endoplasmic reticulum of alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl-treated cells. Under normal growth conditions, coprecipitated procollagen was observed to decrease after a chase period of 10-15 min, whereas total procollagen decreased only after 20-25 min. In addition, the intracellular association between HSP47 and procollagen was shown to be disrupted by a change in physiological pH, suggesting that the dissociation of procollagen from HSP47 is pH dependent. These findings support a specific role for HSP47 in the intracellular processing of procollagen, and provide evidence of a new category of "molecular chaperones" in terms of its substrate specificity and the dissociation mechanism.
Painting the Town Green: Realities, Challenges, and Possibilities in Mexico City’s Budding Urban Agriculture Movement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the Urban Agriculture movement in Mexico City. It investigates who is practicing Urban Agriculture, how, and why. It looks the benefits of Urban Agriculture, and Urban Agriculture’s role in a potential future food system that does not rely on transnational corporations for supply. The paper begins by discussing the significance of food as nutrition, and how the individual’s right to food has been transformed into the corporation’s right to make a profit off of food. The concept of food security and food sovereignty and their place in the organic Urban Agriculture movement are then explained. Three Urban Agriculture projects in Mexico City are explored: a traditional farm, a government-funded community project, and an organization that promotes Urban Agriculture on the individual household level. The conclusion discusses the movement’s impact on economics, community, and the environment, and Urban Agriculture’s connection to the future necessity of food sovereignty.\nEsta investigación explora el movimiento de la Agricultura Urbana en la Ciudad de México. Se investiga quién está practicando Agricultura Urbana, cómo, y por qué. Se ven los beneficios de la Agricultura Urbana, y el rol potencial que la Agricultura Urbana pueda tener dentro de un sistema alimentario que no dependa de las empresas transnacionales para el suministro. Se inicia discutiendo de la importancia de comida con la nutrición, y cómo el derecho a la comida de cada persona se ha transformado en el derecho de las corporaciones para lucrar. Se explica el concepto de la seguridad alimentaría, y la soberanía alimentaría, y su lugar en el movimiento de la Agricultura Urbana y orgánica. Posteriormente, se explora varios proyectos de Agricultura Urbana en la Ciudad de México: una granja tradicional, un proyecto comunitario financiado por el gobierno, y una organización que promueve la Agricultura Urbana a nivel individual. Para concluir, se discute el impacto del movimiento de la Agricultura Urbana en la Ciudad de México en la economía, la comunidad, y el ambiente, y la necesidad de alcanzar la soberanía alimentaría.
Next Generation Infrastructure Interdependencies: An economic deterministic model of transport interdependencies in the United Kingdom

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The role of infrastructure interdependencies is challenging due to the complexity and dynamic environment of all infrastructures and vital for critical infrastructure systems. There is an ongoing debate about the value of the benefits of the five national infrastructure sectors (energy, water, transport, waste and communication) in the UK and how they interact in terms of social, economic and environmental wellbeing , . This study focuses only on one of the three aforementioned values, the economic value. The hypothesis tested is whether the transport sector is economically complemented by the energy, water and waste sectors and economically substituted by the communication sector1. The authors use the process analysis “networks and cohorts”, an analysis that uses tables, diagrams, models and networks of interactions along with organizational linkages . Of interest for this study in particular is the grand total of all revenues (capital value) which create incomes into other sectors and creates dependencies. This, by definition, is the Gross Value Added. The last five symmetric (product by product) Input-Output tables of gross value added are used: 2010, 2005, 1995, 1990 and 1984 . The theory underpinning the hypothesis was verified and one mathematical equation was developed based on the historical data of the gross value added by the value created in millions of pounds (£m) from the other critical sectors to transport.
SH1534331.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DPSN: A Novel approach for Disease Prediction based on Social Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Disease prediction has always been challenging and critical research area. A lot of machine learning approaches have been developed in past to address this problem. In this paper a novel approach for disease prediction has been proposed. The approach is based on social network of diseases which is constructed using similarity among patient symptoms. The edges are weighted on the basis of the cosine similarity between the diseases. Social network metrics like degree and closeness centrality are used to predict high probable disease. The proposed method has been compared with existing machine learning approaches. The experimental results show that, when predicting disease from the set of 18 possible diseases with 30 possible symptoms, the proposed technique show better performance than traditional machine learning methods.
Effects of Chickpea embryos and sodium-orthovanadate on hyperglycemia and lipid profile during streptozotocin diabetes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the improved hypoglycemic effects of low-dosage sodium-orthovanadate(SOV),chickpea(Cicer arietinum) and chickpea embryos on experimental diabetes.Methods Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats were used in this experiment.After oral administration of chickpea,chickpea embryos and SOV separately and in combination for 4 weeks,the blood glucose and lipid profile were determined.Results A single intravenous injection of STZ(45 mg/kg) caused a 4-fold increase in the blood glucose level and 57.63% decrease in the serum insulin level.Levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol in serum markedly increased during diabetes.The hepatic and renal functions were heavily impaired during diabetes.Administration of SOV,chickpea and chickpea embryos separately or in combination inhibited development of hyperglycemia and alterations in the lipid profile in plasma.A low dose of SOV(0.2 mg/ml) combined with chickpea embryo a was most effective by decreasing the blood glucose by 72.24%,decreasing the levels of LDL,TG and TC,restoring the serum insulin level andimproving glucose tolerance,and ameliorating the impaired hepatic and renal functions in diabetic rats.Conclusion SOV and chickpea are potential biological anti-diabetic agents.Chickpea or chickpea embryos combined with low-dosage SOV(0.2 mg/ml) may enhance bio-availability by reducing SOV toxicity and improve the altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during experimental diabetes.
Liturgical patterns and structure in the Johannine apocalypse against the background of Jewish and early Christian worship

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Apocalypse of St. John belongs to the class \nof literature generally known as "apocalyptic", though \nwith significant differences arising primarily out of its \nChristian orientation. Although the author is not \nprimarily concerned with worship, the Apocalypse is nevertheless \nprofoundly. liturgical, and stands within the \nstream of early Christian Worship. Thus the first two \nchapters of the thesis are devoted to a study of the \nliterary and liturgical backgrounds of the Apocalypse, as \nare the four main appendices. \n \nA detailed study of all possible references to \nworship in the Apocalypse is outwith the scope of this \nthesis, and the subject of research has been narrowed down \nto liturgical "patterns" and "structure". Certain scholars \nclaim to have detected a liturgical patter in the \nApocalypse, and these are analysed in Chapter III. All of \nthe suggested patterns are rejected, with varying degrees \nof improbability, although certain concepts are found to be \nvaluable in an historical study of the Apocalypse and early \nliturgy, and it is admitted that the Apocalypse does \nreflect the liturgical theory and practice of its age. \n \nAn understanding of the Seer's use of Christian \nworship is found most clearly in his use of the image of \nthe Temple. In common with the early Church he views \nthe Church as the new Temple, the dwelling place of God on \nEarth, and further develops the concept of the heavenly \nTemple, which forms -the scenic background for the primary \ndrama of the Apocalypse. The language, forms and images \nof the Jewish Temple are used to represent both the new \nand heavenly Temple; and similarly such images are drawn \nfrom the new Temple, the Church. Certain hermeneutical \nguidelines for analysing liturgical images emerge from \nthis study of the Temple in Chapter IV, and these are subsequently \napplied in a study of the structure of early \nChristian worship as reflected in the Apocalypse, \nparticularly as revealed in the scene of the heavenly \nworship.
Empathizing with the End User: Effect of Empathy and Emotional Intelligence on Ideation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Trait emotional intelligence and evoked empathy may help in a task where emotion-evoking source material is utilized to ideate solutions and services for the end-user. Participants of the current study read life stories of different persons, with perspective-taking instruction to evoke either high or low empathy. The reading was followed with ideation tasks, first identifying problems that the person of the story is facing, and then creating initial ideas for products or services to help with these problems. The perspective-taking empathy manipulation had an expected effect to the self-reported state empathy; however, it did not have an effect on the performance in the ideation tasks. Trait emotional intelligence was related to the detection of the problems and to the generating of more ideas. The results imply that emotional intelligence may be beneficial in ideation process where perspective of the customer or end user has to be considered.
Proposed Report on Educational Qualifications of Directors of Public Health Departments. Committee on Professional Education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Proposed Report on Educational Qualifications of Directors of Public Health Departments. Committee on Professional Education Affiliation Leroy E. Burney, Reginald M. Atwater, Philip E. Blackerby, Jr., Harbert M. Bosch, Robert D. Defries, Albert V. Hardy, S. S. Lifson, Janice E. Mickey, Dean W. Roberts, Dean F. Smiley, V. A. Van Volkenburgh, Robert G. Webster, V. A. Van Volkenburgh, Alfred L. Burgdorf, James A. Crabtree, Paul M. Golley, M. R. Kinde, Berwyn F. Mattison, Frederick D. Mott, Mack I. Shanholtz, Harold D. Chope, C. Howe Eller, John M. Gaus, Frank M. Hall, Hugh R. Leavell, Arthur Lesser, Joseph G. Molner, Harry S. Mustard, Frank J. Osborne, John D. Porterfield, Robert H. Riley, Robert F. Sondag, and William R. Willard CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.45.3.363 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Latex–fiber interaction and paper reinforcement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A model system for studying the reinforcement of paper is provided by the use of cationic latexes. The control of pH during addition of the latex to the pulp determines the uniformity of the latex deposition on the fibers. It is demonstrated, using scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing of the sheet, that the dry and wet strength properties are improved by the more uniform distribution of a film-forming latex. Conversely, a nonfilming latex impedes bonding to the extent that the fiber surface is covered.
The effect of amino acids and dipeptides on sodium and water absorption in man

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A perfusion technique has been used to quantitate the effect of the amino acids glycine and alanine and the dipeptides glycyl-glycine and glycyl-L-alanine on sodium and water absorption from the human jejunum. Although no net absorption of sodium and water was seen in the absence of non-electrolytes, a significant stimulation occurred in the presence of both free amino acids and dipeptides. In the case of glycine and alanine, sodium and water absorption increased linearly with increasing concentration of the amino acid and saturation was not demonstrated over the range of concentrations studied. Molar ratios for net absorption of free amino acid and sodium were approximately 1:1 for all but the highest concentration of alanine. In contrast, the corresponding molar ratios for the two dipeptide solutions and sodium were approximately 1:2. Possible explanations for these observations are discussed.
Representing Post-Revolutionary Iran

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During more than the last four decades, Iran has been one of the main interest areas not only in global political and strategic agenda but also in the cultural sphere as well. Most of those interests focus on analyzing the domestic and economic situation in addition to the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic. However, one observes a lack of studies analyzing the Iranian diaspora and their culture, lifestyles, and feelings in a comparative way. One such book was published a couple of months ago and authored by Hossein Nazari, an assistant professor from the University of Tehran: Representing Post-Revolutionary Iran. In his book, Nazari elaborates on a very interesting and less-studied phenomenon: which individual or socio-cultural factors and motivations drive the Iranian-American diaspora women toward authoring “memoirs” discussing the situation in the post-revolutionary Islamic Republic of Iran?
Honored by the Glory of Islam

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Examining the historical record of Islamic conversions during the Ottoman age in a novel way, this book gathers fresh insights concerning the nature of religious conversion. Rejecting any attempt to explain Ottoman Islamization in terms of the converts' motives, the book concentrates on the proselytizers. In this case, none other than the sultan himself Mehmed IV (1648-87) is remembered as an aloof ruler whose ineffectual governing led to the disastrous siege of Vienna. Looking at previously unexamined Ottoman archival and literary texts, the book analyzes Mehmed IV's failings as a ruler by underscoring the sultan's zeal for bringing converts to Islam. As an expression of his rededication to Islam, Mehmed IV actively sought to establish his reputation as a convert-maker, convincing or coercing Christian and Jewish subjects to be “honored by the glory of Islam,” and Muslim subjects to turn to Islamic piety. Revising the conventional portrayal of a ruler so distracted by his passion for hunting that he neglected affairs of state, this book shows that Mehmed IV saw his religious involvement as central to his role as sultan. The book traces an ever-widening range of reform, conversion, and conquest expanding outward from the heart of Mehmed IV's empire.
Development of a behavior analytically derived alcohol-specific role-play assessment instrument.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Social learning theory postulates that chronic alcohol abusers may have deficits in ability to cope with stressful situations, and these deficits may be associated with relapse after treatment. Attempts to study the hypothesized deficits have been hampered by methodological problems. Therefore, a behavior analytic procedure was used to develop 10 categories of situations based on over 600 drinking situations elicited from alcoholics. Role plays were developed for each of these categories, and samples of alcoholics in treatment were asked to respond as if they were trying not to drink. Videotaped responses were behaviorally rated by trained judges for skill and anxiety, and subjects completed self-report ratings of urge to drink, anxiety, difficulty and skill after each role play. Good interrater reliabilities and internal consistency were found across three samples of alcoholics, with virtually no gender differences. Previous and current investigations show the validity and utility of this instrument. The Alcohol Specific Role Play Test therefore shows promise as a means of assessing alcoholics' reactions to high-risk situations.
Genome-wide identification and analysis of genes involved in vitamin E biosynthesis pathway in Soybean

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Vitamin E is a lip soluble vitamin synthesized only by photosynthetic organisms. Five key enzymes involved in this pathway, including HPPD, HPT, MPBQMT, TC and γ-TMT. To better understand the genetic control of vitamin E biosynthesis pathway in soybean, we searched the whole genome sequence of soybean by using Arabidopsis vitamin E biosynthesis enzyme as query sequences. A total of 24 genes were retrieved, including 6 incomplete open reading frame genes. Chromosome location, gene structure, promoter region and expression profile of these genes were comprehensively analyzed by bioinformatics. Compared with Arabidopsis and rice, soybean has at least two duplicated vitamin E biosynthesis pathways, as each catalytic step enzymes encoded by two or more copy genes. These results support that soybean is a paleopolyploid species. In summary, this study provides fundamental information of vitamin E biosynthesis pathway for soybean improvement by pathway engineering.