jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Technology and Performance Study of a Two-Line Monolithic X- and $\gamma$-Ray Detection Chip Based on Semi-Insulating GaAs

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Technology, electrical characteristics and detection performance of a novel recently developed and fabricated 64-pixel two-line array chip for detection of X- and $\gamma$ -rays based on semi-insulating GaAs from three different producers are reported and compared. The chip has dimensions of cca (16 $\,\times\,$ 4 $\,\times\,$ 0.25) mm $^{3}$ . A single pixel has an active area of (300 $\,\times\,$ 190) $\mu$ m $^{2}$ with a pitch of 250 $\mu$ m. The distance between two lines is 360 $\mu$ m. The reverse current density (at 295 K) of a single pixel at a bias voltage of 200 V ranges from 90 to 140 nA/mm $^{2}$ . The breakdown voltage ranges between 250 and 500 V. Pulse-height spectra of radionuclide $^{241}\!$ Am in the top irradiation mode are demonstrated. The best spectrometric performance is achieved with the Freiberger material. The charge collection efficiency of about 85% and energy resolution in the full width at half maximum better than 8.6 keV for the 59.5 keV photopeak was reached at 295 K and bias of 300 V.
Chitinolytic activity of bacteria and fungi isolated from shrimp exoskeletons

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Microbiological analysis of shrimp exoskeletons demonstrated considerable differences in abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and fungi. The number of heterotrophic bacteria was greater by two orders of magnitude than that of fungi. The survey, however, did not reveal significant differences in abundances of bacteria and fungi in samples collected during different months of the survey. The percent contribution of chitinolytic fungi in shrimp exoskeletons was greater than that of bacteria that hydrolyze chitin. The activity of chitinase bacteria was always higher than fungi. Chitinases produced by bacteria demonstrated the highest level of activity at 40°C and pH = 8. In contrast, fungal chitinases showed the highest activity at 50°C and pH = 5.
THE KEY DRIVERS OF VOLUNTEERING INTENTION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MALAYSIAN STUDENTS AN APPLICATION OF THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Volunteerism is as old as human civilization itself and it exists in various forms and dimensions. Volunteering intention is gaining attention among the university students. The aim of this research is to study the key drivers of volunteering intention among undergraduate students in Malaysia. Several factors such as perceived behavioural control, attitude, and subjective norm were analyzed. The number of respondents consisted of 350 which were randomly chosen from the higher learning institutions in Kedah and Perlis, Malaysia but only 307 questionnaires were obtained. The results indicated that perceived behavioural control, attitude, and subjective norm were found significantly influence volunteering intention. It was suggested that future research can be done in larger sample size which allowed for statistical analyses and models such as Religiosity or Motivation could also be included in future research.
Radar Method in a Uniformly Accelerated Reference Frame

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this work is to generalize the radar method known for the inertial frame of reference to the case of a uniformly accelerated frame of reference. The derivation of the corresponding formulas is based on the standard for the theory of relativity metric of a uniformly accelerated Möller frame of reference without applying any space-time transformation between some auxiliary inertial frame and the accelerated frame. To solve the problem of determining the trajectory of a light beam, depending on the initial direction of propagation, Fermat’s principle is used. To calculate the flight time of a photon to an object, knowing its coordinates, the condition of the light-likeness of the interval for the propagation of light is additionally introduced. The resulting trajectory of the light particle is an arc of a circle. For a small area near the source, the photon trajectory coincides with the parabolic trajectory of a classical corpuscle. An equation has been derived for the direction in which the radio signal is sent. The actual location of the object is not in the direction of the initial motion of the photon, but somewhat lower. The value of the angle of gravitational refraction for a closely spaced resting object is calculated. The further the object is in the “horizontal” direction, the greater the angle of refraction. The flight time of the light signal to the object is found. The signal emitted in the direction that forms an acute angle with the direction of acceleration leads the radio signal in the inertial frame of reference. Therefore, for a close object located above the radiation source, the calculated Shapiro delay time is negative. The coordinates of the remote object are also calculated. The totality of the obtained equalities completely determines the radar method. The resulting equalities, perhaps, allow for experimental verification.
Automated greenhouse system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, an experimental setup for automated greenhouse system is presented, with an aim to improve the crop productivity under a controlled environment. For this purpose temperature, light, humidity and soil moisture sensors are used to collect critical data. Arduino mega 2560 is used to take necessary decisions based on threshold values of these environmental parameters. The control system then generates control signals to actuate exhaust fan and sprinklers, depending upon the environmental parameters. User can keep track of the environmental parameters and crop health through an android application. Moreover, actuators can also be actuated through the android application, if required. For improving the crop growth and maintaining the health of the crops a special combination of red and blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) is used. The greenhouse system is powered by solar panel to make it a self-sufficient unit.
Rejuvenation of the Port Adelaide Viaduct

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The South Australian Government has embarked on the rejuvenation of the Adelaide suburban railway system including electrification, purchase of new electric railcars, track upgrade, station reconstruction and selected critical infrastructure upgrade. A key component of the latter criteria is the rejuvenation of the Port Adelaide Viaduct. The viaduct is a key structure on the Outer Harbor Line. It carries the line across a number of main roads leading to the commercial area of Port Adelaide. The Port Adelaide Station is located on top of the viaduct. The viaduct is 95 years old, has had minimal maintenance and its condition reflected this. The track across the structure was in critical need of renewal and the structure itself required upgrading in the immediate future if its future life was not to be compromised. The upgrade of the viaduct was carried out by the Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure (DTEI) using a D&C contract and a partnering approach. This approach allowed innovative ideas to be proposed, developed and implemented, when appropriate. The result is a significantly altered structure that exceeds expectations for operational and maintenance requirements, the community and the future life of Port Adelaide.
A Portable Smartphone-Based Platform with an Offline Image Processing Tool for Rapid Paper-Based Colorimetric Detection of Glucose in Artificial Saliva

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Paper-based sensors have great potential for use in a variety of areas, from environmental monitoring to clinical and pointof-care testings. Here, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) was integrated with a smartphone app capable of offline (without internet access) image processing and analysis for rapid colorimetric detection of glucose. A self-inking stamp was used to form hydrophobic channels on a piece of paper-towel due to its superior water absorption efficiency. As demonstrated, the developed sensor was employed for colorimetric detection of glucose in artificial saliva in the linear scope of 0-1 mM with a calculated detection limit of 29.65 µM. In addition, experimental results show that quantitative analysis of glucose with the proposed smartphone platform could be completed in less than one minute. The app developed for the smartphone platform is capable of extracting the color changing area with an embedded image processing tool which could address the problem of color uniformity in detection zones of µPAD. The total cost of a µPAD is less than $0.2. By integrating µPAD with a smartphone and user-friendly app together, the proposed smartphone-based platform could be used for the quantitative analysis of glucose with advantages such as portability, simple operation, rapid response, ultra-low cost, field-deployable, selectivity and sensitivity. The results show that the integrated platform has great potential to be used for non-invasive measurement of glucose in body fluids like a tear, sweat and saliva.
Molecular mechanisms for shaping the ER membranes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The endoplasmic reticulum(ER) is morphologically and functionally conserved organelle.It is comprised by a continuous membrane system with nuclear envelop,perinuclear region and peripheral region.Morphologically speaking,the ER can be divided into two different compartments: tubules and sheets,which may play different physiological roles.Recent studies gradually unveil the mechanisms of how the ER morphology was generated,and many new proteins have been identified in this process.Two families of integral membrane proteins,the reticulons and DP1/Yop1,are involved in generating ER tubules as well as sheets.In addition,atlastins and Sey1p facilitate tubular network formation by mediating ER membrane fusion.More importantly,a neuronal degenerative disease called hereditary spastic paraplegia is directly linked to the integrity of the ER.Based on recent findings,we will discuss the molecular mechanisms of how ER is shaped and maintained.
Quantitative Changes in the Immunoglobulins of Young Children during Respiratory Viral Infection and Pneumonia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract : The method of simple radial immunodiffusion according to Mancini, Carbonara, Heremans was used to make a quantitative determination of three classes of immunoglobulins (A, M, G) in 40 children of 1 - 3 months old with acute respiratory diseases complicated and not complicated by pneumonia at different periods of the disease. The increase of the IgM fraction was observed during the acute phase of respiratory infection. In protracted, complicated by pneumonia course of the viro-bacterial infection a rise in immunoglobulins of all the three fractions was noted, while during the period of reconvalescence there was seen a tendency towards a drop of IgM, further increase of IgG and IgA.
Transitioning from a Traditional Classroom to the Online Environment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter will focus on how faculty can effectively determine their technological needs as they move from the traditional classroom to an online teaching environment through strategic planning. SIMPLE is a technology planning model, which can be used by faculty and administrators to stair-step themselves through this transition period. SIMPLE is an acronym representing six areas which should be addressed when developing and implementing technology strategies – 1) student/instructor assessment, 2) inventory, 3) measurement, 4) planning, 5) leadership, and 6) evaluation. These six components represent common threads throughout the literature on the subject of technology planning, which were utilized to develop the SIMPLE model, and can be easily utilized to guide faculty.
Influence of O-GlcNAcylation on KGN cell function

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

O-GlcNAcylation is a unique form of post-translational glycosylation that affects a variety of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins of cells. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is characteristic of many cancers, and impacts cell proliferation, tumorigenicity and metabolism. O-GlcNAcylation occurs in granulosa cells of ovarian follicles, its expression differs between small (3-5 mm) and large (>8.5 mm) antral follicles, and its manipulation in vitro alters granulosa cell proliferation and metabolism. Here, the aim was to assess whether O-GlcNAcylation similarly occurs in cells from a type of granulosa cell tumor, specifically KGN cells, knowing these cells share functional features of granulosa cells of mature, preovulatory follicles (e.g., FSH-responsiveness and estradiol production). The immortal KGN cell line was utilized to conduct cell culture experiments for the detection and manipulation of O-GlcNAcylation. The cells were grown to confluency in serum containing medium and then sub-cultured in serum-free conditions for immunodetection of O-GlcNAcylation (n = 8 expts.), for cell proliferation (n = 3 expts) and for metabolism assays (n = 12 expts.). The KGN cells were also treated without or with small molecule inhibitors to directly enhance or impair O-GlcNAcylation. Immunoblotting confirmed O-GlcNAc expression in KGN cells, as well as the efficacy of Thiamet-G and OSMI-1 to augment (P < 0.05) and inhibit O-GlcNAcylation (P < 0.05), respectively. Only the inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation compromised KGN cell proliferation (P < 0.05), resulting in a 25 % reduction in proliferation compared to control conditions over a 72 h culture period. Seahorse XFe96 analysis measured effects of O-GlcNAcylation on cellular respiration in the KGN cells. Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) provided indices of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, respectively. During a glycolysis stress test, high glucose increased ECAR and decreased OCR (P < 0.05); oligomycin did not further affect ECAR (P > 0.05), but impaired OCR (P < 0.05); and 2-deoxy-d-glucose decreased ECAR (P < 0.05) without affecting OCR (P > 0.05). Comparatively, a mitochondrial stress test revealed oligomycin increased ECAR (P < 0.05) with a compensatory decrease in OCR (P < 0.05); FCCP increased both ECAR and OCR (P < 0.05); and rotenone + antimycin A decreased both ECAR and OCR (P < 0.05). Manipulation of O-GlcNAcylation in the KGN cells had no effect on ECAR (P > 0.05), but inhibited OCR (P < 0.05). Collectively, the results indicate O-GlcNAcylation occurs in KGN cells, its inhibition impairs cell proliferation, and while KGN cells rely upon both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation for cellular respiration, manipulation of O-GlcNAcylation acutely perturbs only oxidative phosphorylation, an effect observed previously with granulosa cells of large antral follicles.
Detection of Tuberculosis: Acid-Fast Smear Method

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Comments and Correction1 October 1975Detection of Tuberculosis: Acid-Fast Smear MethodRICHARD A. BORDOW, M.D.RICHARD A. BORDOW, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-4-584 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their paper, "Decreasing Reliability of Acid-Fast Smear Techniques for Detection of Tuberculosis," (1) Drs. Boyd and Marr have identified a significant problem in evaluating microscopy findings in the management of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. However, in the analysis of their data, I believe they have failed to identify an even more practical problem and failed to support their recommendations with relevant data.The larger group (78%) of microscopy-negative and culture-positive specimens portends a serious epidemiologic problem (2). This problem is not a new one and many questions need to be answered about these false-negatives (3, 4, 5)....References1. BOYDMARR JJ: Decreasing reliability of acid-fast smear technique for detection of tuberculosis. Ann Intern Med 82:489-492, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar2. NARAINRAOCHANDRASEKHAR RMP: Microscopy positive and microscopy negative cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. Am Rev Resp Dis 103:761-773, 1971 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. STYBLODANKOVÁDRÁPELA KDJ: Epidemiological and clinical study of tuberculosis in the district of Kolin, Czechoslovakia. Bull WHO 37:819-874, 1967 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. NARAINNAIRNAGANNA RSK: Problems in defining a "case" of pulmonary tuberculosis in prevalence surveys. Bull WHO 39:701-729, 1968 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. TRUANTBRETTTHOMAS JWW: Fluorescence microscopy of tubercle bacilli stained with auramine and rhodamine. Henry Ford Hosp Med Bull 10:287-296, 1962 MedlineGoogle Scholar1. : Miliary tuberculosis. Am J Med 58:849-856, 1975 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RICHARD A. BORDOW, M.D.Affiliations: MC U.S. Munson Army Hospital Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1975Volume 83, Issue 4Page: 584-585KeywordsEpidemiologyMicroscopy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Bilateral Trade Potential: A Theoretical and Empirical Study

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

As a large developing country, China’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and its relationship to trade have always been subjects of extensive scrutiny in academic circles. With the continuous advancement of the “Belt and Road” initiative (BRI), the pace of overseas expansion by Chinese firms has accelerated. This paper theoretically constructs a firm heterogeneity model of China’s OFDI and bilateral trade, and conducts research based on panel data of China’s OFDI in countries along the BRI from 2003 to 2019. The results show that China’s OFDI can substantially enhance the potential for bilateral trade, and this conclusion remains robust after overcoming endogeneity and economic fluctuations. In a heterogeneity test, China’s OFDI in countries along the “Land Silk Road” is shown to have a greater effect on trade potential than in countries along the “Maritime Silk Road.” In the controlled test, China’s OFDI to BRI countries has a greater role in upgrading trade potential than investment in other trading powerhouses. China’s OFDI can promote the economic development of host countries along the BRI by strengthening the potential for bilateral trade. The results of this study are not only conducive to the “going global” of Chinese enterprises but also of practical significance for host countries to achieve high-quality economic development.
Blink reflexes and magnetic resonance imaging in focal unilateral central trigeminal pathway demyelination.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The electrically elicited blink reflex allows quantitative analysis of the corneal reflex which traverses the trigeminal and facial nerves and the brainstem. Two patients presenting with symptomatic unilateral trigeminal lesions are described, in whom the blink reflexes showed conduction block and slowing at predictable sites in the central pathways, and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed precisely the clinical and electrophysiological localisation.
Design and Development of a Serious Game for Medical Training in Cytopathology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We are designing and developing a serious game for cytopathology medical training. This game has some challenging technical requirement as to be deployable both in PCs and in low-cost Android tablets (e.g., 50$ Kindle Fire 7 tablet) with a limited budget. We reviewed some of the existing games or gamified e-learning modules to create a shared understanding between medical experts and developers about possible game mechanics and to identify which of those approaches can be suitable for our case.
Comparative survival outcomes among histological subtypes of pulmonary adenocarcinoma: A nationwide study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e20066 Background: Adenocarcinoma of the lung is a heterogeneous malignancy with multiple histological subtypes. In the US, population survival outcomes across these subtypes remain underexplored. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with various Lung Adenocarcinomas (Acinar, Lepidic, Papillary, Solid & solid type, Invasive mucinous, Mixed mucinous/non-mucinous, Colloid, Fetal, and Enteric type), diagnosed between 2010 and 2017, was conducted using the National Cancer Database in accordance with STROBE guidelines. Unadjusted median overall survival (mOS) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Multivariate regression analysis was performed using accelerated failure time model to estimate covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR). Covariates included age, sex, race, tumor grade, TNM stage, Charlson Comorbidity Index, insurance status, year of diagnosis, facility type, and treatment modality. Lepidic carcinoma served as the reference arm for HR calculations. Results: A total of 46,218 patients were included in this large cohort study. 39,865 patients (86.3%) were white, 27,094 (58.6%) were female, 31,827 (69%) were aged ≥65 years, 29,843 (64.57%) had Medicare insurance, and 18,788 (40.65%) were treated in academic or research institutions. For unadjusted mOS, Acinar adenocarcinoma (n=15,877; 34.35%) demonstrated the best outcomes (mOS: 97.84 months, p<0.05). After covariate adjustment, Solid adenocarcinoma (n=1,736; 3.76%) had the most favorable prognosis (HR = 0.85, p<0.01). In contrast, Enteric type adenocarcinoma (n=33; 0.07%) exhibited the poorest survival, with an mOS of only 27.24 months (HR = 1.63, p<0.05). Lepidic adenocarcinoma (n=8,923; 19.31%), the reference group, demonstrated an mOS of 73.03 months with HR of 1. Other subtypes, such as Mixed/non mucinous adenocarcinoma (n=195; 0.42%; mOS: 85.22 months, HR = 0.91, p = 0.377) and Papillary adenocarcinoma (n=6,094; 13.19%; mOS: 64.79 months, HR = 0.97, p = 0.236), showed intermediate survival, with no statistically significant differences. On the other hand, significant differences were observed for Fetal adenocarcinoma (n=46; 0.10%; mOS: 39.82 months, HR = 1.17, p = 0.467), Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (n=1,254; 2.71%; mOS: 51.81 months, HR = 1.17, p<0.01), and Colloid adenocarcinoma (n=12,060; 26.09%; mOS: 44.09 months, HR = 1.29, p<0.01). Conclusions: This study highlights marked differences in survival across lung adenocarcinoma subtypes. These results stress the importance of further research to develop therapies tailored to specific histological variants. Adenocarcinoma subtype HR CI P value Lepidic ref Acinar 0.90 0.86–0.94 <0.01 Solid 0.85 0.78–0.92 <0.01 Enteric type 1.63 1.05–2.53 <0.05 Mixed/non mucinous 0.91 0.75–1.11 0.37 Papillary 0.97 0.93–1.02 0.23 Fetal 1.17 0.78–1.74 0.46 Invasive mucinous 1.17 1.08– 1.26 <0.01 Colloid 1.29 1.24–1.34 <0.01