jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nursing Empowerment: Insights from Academic Nurses in Pakistan

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Background: Professional development and nurse empowerment are closely related. Empowered nurses become change agents to challenge traditional mindsets and are well-equipped to handle contemporary challenges successfully. Objective: To identify the nursing faculties’ perceptions concerning nurse empowerment. Methods: In this qualitative descriptive study, fifteen nursing faculties from different public sector nursing colleges in Sindh, Pakistan, participated. Convenience sampling was used to conduct one-on-one in-person interviews between November and December of 2023. Three open-ended questions were utilized to collect data. The data was analyzed using the Creswell & Porth (2018) descriptive analytical approach. Results: Total 15 interviews were conducted. The nurses’ ability to make an informed judgment based on evidence is ‘nurse empowerment’. Dissension, discrimination, organizational structure problems, and a power-avaricious mindset were all obstacles to nursing empowerment. The aspects that showed promise for nurse empowerment were restructuring the organization, strengthening the role of regulatory authorities, offering opportunities for higher education, and cultivating an evidence-based culture. Empowerment of nurses can be attained via collaboration, having a clear vision for the future, and pursuing professional development, persistently. Conclusion: Nurses must speak up for their rights and break the ice. To achieve professional empowerment with autonomy and respect for their own and career advancement, nurses must work even harder
Technical Guidelines for Environmental Dredging of Contaminated Sediments

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This report provides technical guidelines for evaluating environmental dredging as a sediment remedy component. This document supports the Contaminated Sediment Remediation Guidance for Hazardous Waste Sites, released by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in 2005, by providing detailed information regarding evaluation of environmental dredging as a remedy component. This document is intended to be applicable to contaminated sediment sites evaluated under various environmental laws and regulatory programs. The intended audience for this report includes all stakeholders potentially involved in evaluating environmental dredging for purposes of a feasibility study, remedial design, and implementation. The scope of this document is limited to the technical aspects of the environmental dredging process itself, but it is important that environmental dredging be integrated with other components such as transport, dewatering, treatment, and rehandling and disposal options. This report covers initial evaluation, pertinent site conditions and sediment characteristics, environmental dredging performance standards, equipment capabilities and selection, evaluation of production, duration, and transport, methods for estimating resuspension, residuals and release, control measures, operating methods and strategies, and monitoring.
Diffractive straylight rejection system for wide field imagers. Design, performance and application to the STEREO solar space mission.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Space-born wide field imagers have become a new tool used in the frame of Solar Physics and in particular in the field of Space Weather. One particular application is the tracking of coronal mass ejection (CME), generated by violent eruptions on the sun’s surface, that propagates in the heliosphere. The CME brightness however rapidly decreases with the distance from the Sun. To reach a sufficient signal to noise ratio and follow CME away from the Sun, a high sensitivity is therefore required and the unwanted parasitic light (so called straylight) must be minimized. In particular, the Sun disk brightness must be occulted by a highly rejecting baffle system. A multi-edge diffractive baffle can provide a very high level of straylight attenuation for nearly collimated light source. A model of the multi-edge diffractive rejection has been implemented on the basis of the Fresnel diffraction theory. It allows the design and optimisation of such diffractive baffle as function of the instrument and observing geometries. The model was validated on a diffractive baffle mock-up, providing rejection down to an un-precedent level of 10-10 of the input flux. The model of multi-edge diffractive baffle has been applied to the specific configuration of the Heliospheric Imager (HI), on-board the NASA scientific Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission, as part of its overall straylight reduction. The STEREO-HI baffle performance has been validated on a prototype and during the final end-to-end calibration of the flight instrument. After launch, the in-flight straylight level has been quantified, showing a very good correspondence with the on-ground measurements. The straylight evolution has also been shown to be stable during the mission, showing the baffle efficiency does not degrade with the space environment. The STEREO-HI instrument achieves a 10-13 rejection level, or greater, of the solar brightness at the detector pixel level. This instrument is the first wide field space imager viewing from outside the Sun-Earth line, and therefore able to directly follow the propagation of CME from the Sun to the Earth with a high accuracy and sensitivity. Since its launch, it provides unprecedented images and information on solar wind and CME propagation and evolution in the heliosphere. The next generation of wide-field solar imagers are under development for the ESA Solar Orbiter and NASA Solar Probe Plus missions. Their concept benefits from of the STEREO-HI front diffractive baffle system and is based on a multi-edge diffractive baffle to protect their cameras from solar disk brightness. The straylight calibration of these two instruments is in preparation and will be performed at the Centre Spatial de Liège with the tools and methods developed in the frame of the present work.
Post Partum Eclampsia in Nigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: Seventeen patients with eclamptic fits occurring for the first time after delivery are presented. At least 3 of the patients showed no evidence of pre‐eclampsia before delivery. Two patients had post partum haemorrhage due to retained pieces of placental tissue. A patient with convulsions occurring 11 days after delivery is presented and it is suggested that there may be a connection between viable placental tissue and eclampsia. There were no maternal deaths in the post partum group, which is in contrast to the ante partum group, where there were 8 deaths in 46 patients.
Characterization of cord blood CD3+TCRVα7.2+CD161high T and innate lymphoid cells in the pregnancies with gestational diabetes, morbidly adherent placenta, and pregnancy hypertension diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Problem Although pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GD), morbidly adherent placenta (MAP), and pregnancy hypertension (pHT) diseases lead to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), little is known about their effect on mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) in the umbilical cord. This study aimed to quantify and characterize MAIT cells and ILCs in the cord blood of pregnant women with GD, MAP, and pHT diseases. Method of study Cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) were isolated by Ficoll‐Paque gradient. CD3 + TCRVα7.2 + CD161 high cells and ILC subsets were quantified by flow cytometry. CBMCs were stimulated with PMA/Ionomycin and Golgi Plug for 4 h and stained for IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and granzyme B. The stained cells were analyzed on FACS ARIA III. Results Compared with healthy pregnancies, in the cord blood of the pHT group, elevated number of lymphocytes was observed. Moreover, the absolute number of IFN‐γ producing CD4 + or CD4 − subsets of CD3 + TCRVα7.2 + CD161 high cells as well as those producing granzyme B were significantly elevated in the pHT group compared to healthy controls suggesting increased MAIT cell activity in the pHT cord blood. Similarly, in the MAP group, the absolute number of total CD3 + TCRVα7.2 + CD161 high cells, but not individual CD4 + or negative subsets, were significantly increased compared with healthy controls’ cord blood. Absolute numbers of total CD3 + TCRVα7.2 + CD161 high cells and their subsets were comparable in the cord blood of the GD group compared with healthy controls. Finally, the absolute number of total ILCs and ILC3 subset were significantly elevated in only pHT cord blood compared with healthy controls. Our data also reveal that IFN‐γ + or granzyme B + cell numbers negatively correlated with fetal birth weight. Conclusions CD3 + TCRVα7.2 + CD161 high cells and ILCs show unique expansion and activity in the cord blood of pregnant women with distinct diseases causing IUGR and may play roles in fetal growth restriction.
Senegal's trade in cage birds, 1979-81

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Senegal is one of the world's principal exporters of cage birds. The estimated value to Senegal of this trade is equivalent to U.S. $500,000 annually. Between 1979 and 1981, over 1 million birds were exported annually to at least 26 countries. During this period, the Government of Senegal proposed some policy guide-lines and legislative changes to manage this important industry rationally. The present report updates the exportation figures for these years and indicates some of the proposed legislation.
Towards Debiasing Fact Verification Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fact verification requires validating a claim in the context of evidence. We show, however, that in the popular FEVER dataset this might not necessarily be the case. Claim-only classifiers perform competitively with top evidence-aware models. In this paper, we investigate the cause of this phenomenon, identifying strong cues for predicting labels solely based on the claim, without considering any evidence. We create an evaluation set that avoids those idiosyncrasies. The performance of FEVER-trained models significantly drops when evaluated on this test set. Therefore, we introduce a regularization method which alleviates the effect of bias in the training data, obtaining improvements on the newly created test set. This work is a step towards a more sound evaluation of reasoning capabilities in fact verification models.
Generalized bessel polynomials with application to the design of bandpass filters with approximately flat group delay response

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The continued fraction expansion of the ordinary Bessel polynomials is modified by replacing the complex frequency variable p by p /(1+γp), where γ=⩾0. The resulting polynomials, when a reactance transformation is applied, are capable of providing bandpass filters with an approximately flat group delay response.
Dietary vitamin K intake and anticoagulation control during the initiation phase of warfarin therapy: A prospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dietary vitamin K influences warfarin response, but its effect on anticoagulation control during the initiation phase of therapy is still poorly quantified.Studies of patients already on stable warfarin therapy have shown that lower mean daily vitamin K intake is associated with unstable and non-therapeutic International Normalised Ratios (INRs) (1, 2), and higher vitamin K intake may lead to sub-therapeutic INRs (3).The risk of adverse bleeding and thromboembolic events, however, is greatest during the initiation phase of warfarin therapy when INRs tend to be non-therapeutic (4).In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated dietary vitamin K intake as a risk factor for poor therapeutic INR control during the initiation phase of warfarin therapy.Data were obtained from a U.S. prospective cohort study designed to determine the associations between genetics and adherence with warfarin response (5).The 368 patients were recruited from three outpatient anticoagulation clinics from 2002-2005.All patients who completed a dietary vitamin K food diary were included in this study.Patients were considered to reach maintenance dose after having three consecutive INRs in therapeutic range without a dose change.Vitamin K intake was assessed using a validated prospective
Review: Deductive Databases and their Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Review: Deductive Databases and their Applications Geoff Franklin, Reviewed by Geoff Franklin, Reviewed by Partner, Alvechurch Data Techniques Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Computer Bulletin, Volume 41, Issue 2, March 1999, Page 31, https://doi.org/10.1093/combul/41.2.31-a Published: 01 March 1999
ENCAPSULATION OF ASCORBIC ACID INTO CALCIUM ALGINATE MATRICES THROUGH COACERVATION COUPLED TO FREEZE-DRYING ENCAPSULACI ´

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this work was to study the stability of ascorbic acid (AA) after encapsulation into calcium alginate matrixes by coacervation through: a) falling drop by dipping AA-sodium alginate solutions into CaCl2 solutions (IAA method), and by atomizing the AA-sodium alginate solutions into CaCl2 solutions (SAA method), followed by freeze-drying of the obtained capsules. Sorption isotherms for both types of products were determined at the water activity (aw) range of 0.103-0.892, at 15, 25 and 35 o C, by using the gravimetric method with saturated salt. The percentage of retention of AA was determined, after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of storage at 25 o C. SEM micrographs of the products were obtained and the volume of micropores was also calculated. The minimum integral entropy of the water molecules occurred at aw = 0.234 in the falling drop method powders, whereas this parameter was observed at aw = 0.706 for the atomised one. For both types of products, the maximum value of AA retention was observed at the aw corresponding to the minimum integral entropy which occurred at higher moisture contents for SAA than for IAA materials.
Assuring Safety and Quality along the Food Chain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This chapter covers the development path from tracking and tracing towards quality assurance in food chains, the organisational concepts and quality programs for implementation, and the role of information and communication systems for operational efficiency. The tracking and tracing of food products throughout the food chain has become a dominant issue in discussions on food quality and, especially, on the assurance of food safety. Principal examples with focus on food chains include initiatives on the basis of rather closed supply chains, such as the Dutch IKB chains (IKB for Integrated Chain Management) and sector-encompassing approaches that have little requirements on focused organisational linkages between enterprises, such as the German Q&S system. The chapter also focuses on the information challenges namely information clusters, organisational alternatives, data ownership and data markets, and added value of emerging information infrastructures.
Performance and Robustness of Penalized and Unpenalized Methods for Genetic Prediction of Complex Human Disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A central goal of medical genetics is to accurately predict complex disease from genotypes. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of simulated and real data using lasso and elastic‐net penalized support‐vector machine models, a mixed‐effects linear model, a polygenic score, and unpenalized logistic regression. In simulation, the sparse penalized models achieved lower false‐positive rates and higher precision than the other methods for detecting causal SNPs. The common practice of prefiltering SNP lists for subsequent penalized modeling was examined and shown to substantially reduce the ability to recover the causal SNPs. Using genome‐wide SNP profiles across eight complex diseases within cross‐validation, lasso and elastic‐net models achieved substantially better predictive ability in celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and Crohn's disease, and had equivalent predictive ability in the rest, with the results in celiac disease strongly replicating between independent datasets. We investigated the effect of linkage disequilibrium on the predictive models, showing that the penalized methods leverage this information to their advantage, compared with methods that assume SNP independence. Our findings show that sparse penalized approaches are robust across different disease architectures, producing as good as or better phenotype predictions and variance explained. This has fundamental ramifications for the selection and future development of methods to genetically predict human disease.
Annals 3 - A. J. Woodman, R. H. Martin (edd.): The Annals of Tacitus: Book 3. (Cambridge Classical Texts and Commentaries, 32.) Pp. xx + 514. Cambridge, New York, and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Cased, £55/US$85. ISBN: 0-521-55217-6.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Annals 3 - A. J. Woodman, R. H. Martin (edd.): The Annals of Tacitus: Book 3. (Cambridge Classical Texts and Commentaries, 32.) Pp. xx + 514. Cambridge, New York, and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Cased, £55/US$85. ISBN: 0-521-55217-6. - Volume 47 Issue 2
Pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy. A report of 8 years' experience.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vitrectomies have been performed on 299 cases of dense diabetic vitreous hemorrhages and been followed for 6 months. A successful visual result was obtained in 61% of the cases. The vitreous remained clear in 71% of the cases, and the maculas were attached in 66% of the cases 6 months following surgery. 168 cases of traction macular detachments underwent vitrectomy, and had 6-month follow-up examinations. Significant visual improvement was obtained in 26% of the cases, with stabilization of the preoparative vision in an additional 37% of the cases. The vitreous cavity was clear in at least 64% of the cases, and the macula attached in at least 52% of the cases. 86 cases had both dense vitreous hemorrhages and traction macular detachments, and had 6-month postoperative examinations, with significant visual improvement having been obtained in 31% of the cases, and stabilization of the preoperative vision in an additional 33% of the cases. The postoperative vitreous cavities were clear in 59% of the cases, and the maculas attached in at least 45% of the cases.
The Reality of Public Relations in the Nonprofit Organizations at Gaza Strip and its Role in Fundraising

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to know the reality of Public Relations (PR) in Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs) in theGaza Strip and its role in fundraising. To conclude this study, the researchers used the descriptive analyticalapproach. The study population consisted of all fundraisers and employees working in fundraising in NPOs. Theresearchers designed a questionnaire as a study tool to achieve objectives of the study. They also used acomprehensive inventory method, where (295) questionnaires were distributed to all elements of study population,from which (230) were retrieved with a respondent rate (77.9%), and the data were statistically analyzed by (SPSS)program to reach the findings.The findings of study indicated that NPOs practice public relations and fundraising activities with amoderate degree, and there is a correlation coefficient between public relations and fundraising reached (0.745),which indicates the existence of a statistically significant positive correlation between public relations and fundraising. Also, it was found that there is a statistically significant effect of the overall degree of public relations in fundraising with a rate of (55%), and the variables affecting fundraising are (characteristics of PR employees),and (reputation of the organization), while it was found a weak effect of other variables (PR activities and programs, the existence of a network of relationships, the means of communication used). Based on these findings, the study presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which was that NPOs should enhance public relations activities and programs that would clearly demonstrate the mission and objectives of the organization and to enhance fundraising..
Collaborative research on fluidization employing computer-aided particle tracking. [RAWCAL. EXE, PD. EXE, MAIN. EXE, PROCESS. EXE in C language]

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The primary objective of this work was debugging and testing of the hardware and software of the transportable computer-aided particle tracking apparatus to be used at the Morgantown Energy Technology Center. Earlier effort was devoted to system interconnection and software development. While the hardware interconnections have been finished, the software development and debugging was completed in this quarter with successful initial testing. Two tracer particles were also made from 1/8th inch nylon particles, and they will be sent to METC soon.
Selection of Three (Extreme)Ultraviolet Channels for Solar Satellite Missions by Deep Learning

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We address the question of which combination of channels can best translate other channels in ultraviolet (UV) and extreme UV (EUV) observations. For this, we compare the image translations among the nine channels of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) using a deep-learning (DL) model based on conditional generative adversarial networks. In this study, we develop 170 DL models: 72 models for single-channel input, 56 models for double-channel input, and 42 models for triple-channel input. All models have a single-channel output. Then we evaluate the model results by pixel-to-pixel correlation coefficients (CCs) within the solar disk. Major results from this study are as follows. First, the model with 131 Å shows the best performance (average CC = 0.84) among single-channel models. Second, the model with 131 and 1600 Å shows the best translation (average CC = 0.95) among double-channel models. Third, among the triple-channel models with the highest average CC (0.97), the model with 131, 1600, and 304 Å is suggested in that the minimum CC (0.96) is the highest. Interestingly, they represent coronal, upper photospheric, and chromospheric channels, respectively. Our results may be used as a secondary perspective in addition to primary scientific purposes in selecting a few channels of an UV/EUV imaging instrument for future solar satellite missions.