jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EXTH-35. IN VIVO 1H MRS DETECTS REDUCED 2HG PRODUCTION IN IDH1 MUTANT GLIOMAS TREATED WITH A DUAL PI3K/MTOR INHIBITOR

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

70–90% of low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas are characterized by mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1mut). Mutant IDH produces the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), which drives tumorigenesis. Inhibitors of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway are currently under clinical investigation for IDH1mut gliomas with positive outcome results, but early response imaging biomarkers are missing. The goal of this study was to identify potential magnetic resonance (MR) detectable biomarkers of IDH1mut glioma response to the dual PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor XL765. We used two genetically-engineered IDH1mut models: a U87 glioblastoma-based model (U87IDHmut) and an immortalized normal human astrocyte-based model (NHAIDHmut), as well as a patient derived IDH1mut model (BT142). The reduction of PI3K/mTOR pathway signaling was validated with western blots of p4E-BP1 for all models. We then used MR spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate the impact of treatment on cell metabolism. Using (1)H-MRS, we observed that XL765 induced a significant ~70% and ~50% reduction in steady-state levels of 2HG and glutamate in U87IDHmut while in NHAIDHmut the drop was ~90% and ~70% for 2HG and glutamate respectively. In the case of BT142 there was a ~35% drop in glutamate levels while 2HG was MRS undetectable in both groups. The translatability of our findings was evaluated in mice bearing orthotropic U87IDHmut xerographs treated with XL765 orally twice a day. XL765-treatment of mice led to an apparent slower tumor growth, which was associated with significantly increased animal survival. Importantly, in vivo (1)H-MRS spectroscopy showed a significant reduction in 2HG levels. The results were verified by (1)H-MRS of tumor extracts. Collectively, our results indicate that treatment with XL765 is associated with response in IDH1mut models. To our knowledge, this is the first time in vivo (1)H-MRS detected reduction in 2HG in gliomas undergoing treatment with a non-IDH1mut-specific inhibitor. Thus, 2HG could potentially be used as a response biomarker.
Beyond permissibility : traversing the many moral pitfalls of abortion (a virtue ethics approach)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ethical discussions about abortion, typically, focus on whether or not it is morally permissible to destroy a fetus. If it is morally impermissible to do so, that seems to answer the question of abortion outright: all things being equal, it is wrong. If it is permissible to kill a fetus, however, it doesn't follow that one cannot err morally by doing so. Using virtue ethics as my guiding normative theory, I argue that there are many potential moral errors one can make in having an abortion (or, in other cases, by not having an abortion) that do not hang on whether or not it is, generally, permissible to destroy a fetus. I argue that a woman can act immorally in having an abortion by not demonstrating a proper sense of wonder over fetuses and fetal development, by not appropriately valuing parenthood, by wrongly evaluating the rewards of raising a child with disabilities, and by going through with an abortion that she believes will cause her fetus to suffer. Lastly, I argue that there are certain cases in which a woman acts immorally by not having an abortion, specifically when (i) the woman harms herself by carrying a child to term, (ii) the woman harms others by bearing a child, (iii) bringing a child into existence harms that child, and (iv) there is a general harm produced without involving any individual or group.
DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF HFC134a AUTOMOBDLE ALR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A mathematical model to simulate the dynamic behaviors of automobile air conditioning(AAC) system is set up based on the models of the components, which includes compartment and refrigeration system. HFC134a AAC system of a SANTANA car is simulated. Calculation results agree well with test ones. The simulation method is reliable, it can be used as the basis of optimum control and design of AAC systems.
Inverse method for estimating elastic modulus of arterial walls

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is widely used for estimating the stiffness of an artery. It is well known that a stiffened artery can be associated with various diseases and with aging and disease. Usually, PWV is measured using the "foot-to-foot" method. The "foot" of the pressure wave is not clear due to reflected waves and blood noise. Also, PWV is an average indicator of artery stiffness between the two measuring points, and therefore does not identify local stiffness variations. We propose producing a flexural wave in the arterial wall using low frequency localized ultrasound radiation force and measuring the wave velocity along the arterial wall. The wave velocity can be measured accurately over a few millimeters. A mathematical model for wave propagation along the artery is developed with which the Young's modulus of the artery can be determined from measured wave velocities. Experiments were conducted on a pig carotid artery in gelatin. The wave velocity was measured by the phase change at a known distance for a given frequency. The measured wave velocity is about 3 m/s at 100 Hz and 6.5 m/s at 500 Hz. The real part of complex elastic modulus of the artery is estimated to be 300 kPa.
Open innovation: on the influence of internal and external collaboration on degree of newness

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test the effect of internal and external collaboration on the degree of newness (incremental/radical) in innovation projects. This adds to the understanding of the particular patterns of open innovation (OI) and what characterizes the innovation emerging through this approach. Design/methodology/approach Tests are performed on the effect of internal and external collaboration on the degree of newness (incremental/radical) in innovation projects. This adds to the understanding of the particular patterns of OI and what characterizes the innovation emerging through this approach. The empirical analysis is based on a data set including responses from 512 Danish engineers. Findings The results show that external collaboration has significantly different effects on the degree of newness depending on the type of external partners involved, and they also show that radical innovation output is positively related to involving the R&D department (internal) and universities (external involvement) and negatively related to involving suppliers. Originality/value The results provide a more detailed understanding of how different OI patterns affect the development of incremental vs radical innovation in existing organizations. In particular, three findings add new insights into how OI affects innovation to reach the highest degree of newness: high importance of collaboration with external partners with distinct interests and skills; low reliance on existing customers and suppliers for the development of radical innovation; and narrow and focused internal involvement rather than broad internal involvement.
Gender-inclusive Language Reform in Educational Writing in Singapore and the Philippines: A Corpus-based Study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper we examine the adoption of some gender-inclusive features (generic nouns and pronouns) in two varieties of “outer-circle” Englishes. The focus is on educational texts given the importance of the educational domain in the adoption and spread of language planning. The texts are from the Singapore and Philippine sections of the International Corpus of English [ICE]. Overall results point to minimal adoption of gender-inclusive alternatives for generic he and masculine generic nouns although differences emerge in relation to variety and type of text/genre.
A Hanság gyertyános-tölgyesei (Scillo vindobonensi-Carpinetum)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study presents the associations of hornbeam-oak forests (Scillo vindobonensi-Carpinetum) in the northwestern part of Hungary based (Hanság) on 50 cenological images. We are faced with an azonal association moderately influenced by groundwater. Some submontane elements are striking in their stocks, which are generally rare in the Great Plains. In particular, Fagetalia elements are common: Actaea spicata, Adoxa moschatellina, Aegopodium podagraria, Allium ursinum, Anemone ranunculoides, Asarum europaeum, Athyrium filix-femina, Carex pilosa, Carex sylvatica, Circaea lutetiana, Corydalis cava, Corydalis pumila, Epipactis helleborine agg., Gagea lutea, Galanthus nivalis, Galeobdolon luteum, Galium odoratum, Hedera helix, Listera ovata, Milium effusum, Pimpinella major, Polygonatum multiflorum, Pulmonaria officinalis, Salvia glutinosa, Sanicula europaea, Scilla vindobonensis, Stachys sylvatica, Vinca minor, Viola reichenbachiana etc. These plants are probably remnants of the former "Beech I period" (2500 BC to 800 BC) with cooler, wetter and more even climates.
Role of Global Institutions in Economic Development of India

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the International Trade Organisation were conceived at the Bretton Woods Conference in July, 1944 as institutions to strengthen international economic cooperation and to help create a more stable and prosperous global economy. Instead, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, through successive rounds of negotiations, got transformed into what has come to be known as the World Trade Organisation. The various institutions have been set up to govern international economic relations. While all the institutions work in close coordination with each other, each of these institutions has its own specific area of responsibilities. The IMF promotes international monetary cooperation and provides member countries with policy advice, temporary loans, and technical assistance so they can establish and maintain financial stability and external viability and build and maintain strong economies. The World Bank promotes long-term economic development and poverty reduction by providing technical and financial support.
Watching movies during the London Blitz

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

My mother (married in 1936) and her mother (widowed in 1929) lived together during the Blitz in Northumberland Avenue, Pinner/Harrow, London. I wasn't born until after the war, my father was away with the RNVR in Africa. My mother told me that she and her mother had gone to their local cinema to watch 'The Great Dictator (I don't have the date but someone might be able to work this out). The sirens warned of a German air raid but nobody left the cinema - they were enjoying the movie too much. This is a small confirmation of the guts and determination of the British during the war.
Adherence to Quality Indicators in Patients With Liver Disease is Not Sufficient to Reduce 30-Day Readmissions or Mortality

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Preventable hospital readmissions is a an important issue in health care policy, and practice reform is vital to reducing cost, and improving quality of care. Previous studies have demonstrated risk factors for readmission in patients with liver disease. No studies have assessed whether adherence to quality indicators decreases 30-day readmissions and 6-month mortality. Methods: Patients admitted to the liver service between August 2008 and September 2010 in patients with chronic liver disease were considered for the study. All outpatient and inpatient encounters were tracked until either (1 death, 2) loss to follow-up, 3) liver transplantation, or 4) end of study period (31st of May, 2012). Retrospective chart review of demographics, disease severity, complications, medication history, admission testing and treatment, follow-up and compliance to follow-up, as well as readmission data were collected. Adherence to nine practice guidelines were assessed if indicated (see Table 1). Descriptive statistics were computed for all factors. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Table 1: No Caption available.Results: In our cohort of 306 patients (males 52%, mean age 55.4.0 ± 11 years, pre-transplant mean MELD 14.3), (27.8%) patients a readmission within 30 days. Overall, adherence to all 9 practice parameters was good. Adherence to each quality indicator is seen in Table 1. Adherence to none of the guidelines was associated with reduced 30-day readmission or 6-month mortality (p>0.45). Conclusion: Overall, adherence to chronic liver disease quality indicators is increasing. Although, adherence to some clinical guidelines were underpowered, this study demonstrates that reducing 30-day readmissions in chronic liver disease population requires more than improved adherence to quality indicators. Further studies should be registry-based, prospective, and look at system-based factors including timely post-discharge appointments.
Secondhand smoke exposure in outdoor settings in Europe

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure causes death, disease, and disability among children and non-smoking adults. Total smoking bans have proven effective in preventing and reducing indoor SHS exposures. However, little is known about the extent and magnitude of SHS in outdoor settings, which, in turn, are barely covered by the smoke-free regulations in Europe. Thus, this thesis aimed to explore the levels and prevalence of SHS in selected outdoor settings in diverse European countries and according to different contextual factors. To this end, four cross-sectional studies were conducted with data from 2017-2018 and within the framework of the TackSHS project. Airborne nicotine measurements, along with the observation of tobacco-related signs, were performed in children’s playgrounds (Study I), entrances to primary school buildings (Study II), and terraces of hospitality venues (Study III) from 11 European countries. The prevalence of SHS presence outdoors (Study IV) was assessed through a survey in a representative sample of the population aged 15 years or older in 12 European countries. In both child-related areas, median nicotine concentrations were below the limit of quantification (0.06 μg/m3). Still, nicotine was present in 41% of the playgrounds and 46% of the schools; and people were smoking in 20% of playgrounds and over 40% of schools. Social inequalities in SHS exposure were observed in playgrounds and schools. Practically all terraces of hospitality venues had presence of nicotine and median nicotine concentrations at these areas were 0.85 (Interquartile Range: 0.30–3.74) μg/m3. In terraces with more than two people smoking, airborne nicotine concentrations were high and did not significantly vary with the venue’s degree of enclosure. More than half the respondents in the survey had witnessed people smoking at parks, stadia, outdoor areas of schools, outdoor areas in hospitals, public transport stops, terraces of hospitality venues, and beaches. Non-compliance with smoking bans was also observed in several outdoor areas. All studies showed an association between higher national smoking prevalence and SHS exposure outdoors. Smoke-free legislation should be implemented or better enforced in child-related areas in Europe. Moreover, in terraces of hospitality venues, total smoking bans should replace smoking restrictions based on the presence of sidewalls and overhead covers. Smoking bans should also be extended to other outdoor areas, such as public transport stops or beaches. Finally, other tobacco demand reduction measures should be considered to better address outdoor SHS exposures.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Eragrostis tef", "Country is India", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0057135-250920141307145/datasets/export for details.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dietary behaviors among school-age children, adolescents, and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Context The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact on food security and nutrition, both in the short and long term. The influence on school-age children, adolescents, and young adults may be particularly significant and long-lasting. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dietary habits among school-age children, adolescents, and young adults worldwide. Data Sources PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from inception to October 5, 2023. Data Extraction We included observational studies published in English that reported dietary quality scores and dietary intake quantities during and before the COVID-19 pandemic among school-age children, adolescents, and young adults. We included a total of 22 cohort studies and 20 cross-sectional studies of high or moderate quality. Data Analysis We conducted a meta-analysis, expressing dietary quality scores and dietary intake quantities as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For studies with low heterogeneity, we used a fixed-effects model; otherwise, we applied a random-effects model. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was employed by 2 reviewers independently to evaluate methodological quality. The analysis indicated that, overall, juice intake increased (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.20), while alcohol consumption reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic (SMD = −0.28, 95% CI: −0.47 to −0.08). However, the age-stratified results varied. Among school-age children, intake of fruit, dairy products, sugar, and juice increased. Adolescents showed an increase in meal frequency and vegetable intake. Young adults showed reduced carbohydrate and alcohol intakes, while protein and dairy product intakes increased, based on limited included studies. Conclusion Dietary changes in school-age children from before to during the pandemic were mixed, while dietary behavior changes in adolescents and young adults tended to be more positive. Considering the lasting effects of negative dietary behaviors, attention should be given to addressing the increased sugar and juice intakes. It is also crucial that caregivers and researchers monitor whether positive dietary behaviors will rebound after returning to normal study and life. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023420923.
Disambiguation of Company names via Deep Recurrent Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Name Entity Disambiguation is the Natural Language Processing task of identifying textual records corresponding to the same Named Entity, i.e. real-world entities represented as a list of attributes (names, places, organisations, etc.). In this work, we face the task of disambiguating companies on the basis of their written names. We propose a Siamese LSTM Network approach to extract -- via supervised learning -- an embedding of company name strings in a (relatively) low dimensional vector space and use this representation to identify pairs of company names that actually represent the same company (i.e. the same Entity). Given that the manual labelling of string pairs is a rather onerous task, we analyse how an Active Learning approach to prioritise the samples to be labelled leads to a more efficient overall learning pipeline. With empirical investigations, we show that our proposed Siamese Network outperforms several benchmark approaches based on standard string matching algorithms when enough labelled data are available. Moreover, we show that Active Learning prioritisation is indeed helpful when labelling resources are limited, and let the learning models reach the out-of-sample performance saturation with less labelled data with respect to standard (random) data labelling approaches.
Daily bone marrow cell transplantations for the management of fast neurodegenerative processes

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cell therapy has been proven to be a promising treatment for fighting neurodegenerative diseases. As neuronal replacement presents undeniable complications, the neuroprotection of live neurons arises as the most suitable therapeutic approach. Accordingly, the earlier the diagnosis and treatment, the better the prognosis. However, these diseases are commonly diagnosed when symptoms have already progressed towards an irreversible degenerative stage. This problem is especially dramatic when neurodegeneration is aggressive and rapidly progresses. One of the most interesting approaches for neuroprotection is the fusion between healthy bone marrow-derived cells and neurons, as the former can provide the latter with regular/protective genes without harming brain parenchyma. So far, this phenomenon has only been identified in Purkinje cells, whose death is the cause of different diseases like cerebellar ataxias. Here we have employed a model of aggressive cerebellar neurodegeneration, the Purkinje Cell Degeneration mouse, to optimize a cell therapy based on bone marrow-derived cell and cell fusion. Our findings show that the substitution of bone marrow in diseased animals by healthy bone marrow, even prior to the onset of neurodegeneration, is not fast enough to stop neuronal loss in time. Conversely, avoiding bone marrow replacement and ensuring a regular supply of healthy cells through continuous, daily transplants, the neurodegenerative milieu of PCD is enough to attract those transplanted elements. Furthermore, in the most affected cerebellar regions, more than a half of surviving neurons undergo a process of cell fusion. Therefore, this method deserves consideration as a means to impede neuronal cell death.
Assay of tretinoin in bulk and dosage forms using phosphomolybdic acid

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

New analytical technique has been developed for quantitative estimation of tretinoin in bulk and formulations.Tretinoin (acne product) was estimated by using visible spectrophotometric absorption method at l max of 700 nm.While developing the method, it was found that the colored species formed were due to the formation of molecular complex between tretinoin and heteropoly acid such as phosphomolybdic acid (PMA).All the regression analysis parameters were validated statistically according to ICH guidelines.The limits of linearity lie in the concentration range of 4 -12 μg mL -1 for tretinoin.Limit of detection, limit of quantification, molar absoptivity, intra-day and interday precession (% RSD), values are 6.12×10 -2 µg mL -1 , 1.855×10 -1 µg mL -1 , 1.2346×10 4 L -1 mol -1 cm -1 , 0.57, and 0.50, respectively.Recovery studies found to be in the percentage range of 99.12 to 99.87(± 1.2 to ± 0.23) for tretinoin.The proposed method is suitable for the quantitative determination tretinoin in quality control laboratories and can be applied as a substitute to advanced instrumental methods.A novel and inexpensive visible spectrophotometric method was established for quantitative estimation of tretinoin in formulations.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection: Serum Rheumatoid Factor Activity and HCV Genotype Correlate With Cryoglobulin Clonality

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor:

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has only recently been recognized as the leading cause of mixed cryoglobulinemia.[1][1] [2][2] Rheumatoid factor B cells are part of the normal repertoire and significant titers of rheumatoid factors (RF) are induced during normal antiviral