jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of spotted fever group Rickettsiae isolated from Catalan Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Eighty-nine Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and 21 Rhipicephalus bursa ticks collected in Catalonia were tested by the hemolymph test to establish their infection rate with spotted fever group rickettsiae. By Giménez staining, 11.2% of the R. sanguineus isolates and 0% of the R. bursa isolates were found to contain rickettsia-like organisms. Six spotted fever group rickettsial strains (Bar29, Bar31, Gir4, Tar1, Tar2, and Tar3) were isolated from these ticks and were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic analyses. PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis showed that the six strains were identical and were characterized by the same restriction profiles as a strain, Mtu5, previously isolated from Rhipicephalus turanicus ticks in the South of France. Microimmunofluorescence serotyping, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified organisms, and Western blot (immunoblot) assay with mouse polyclonal sera confirmed this observation. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis of the whole genome of three of the strains showed that, although closely related, the profile of Tar1 was slightly different from that of the Bar strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this new rickettsial sero- and genotype, which will be named the "Catalan strain," is closely related to Rickettsia massiliae. This strain shows an unexpected resistance to rifampin. The epidemiological implications of these findings are considered.
An adaptive 3-D collaborative filter for denoising of electron tomography

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In electron tomography, noise attenuation is critical for high-resolution structural analysis. Though numerous denoising methods have been introduced into electron tomography (ET) scope, attenuating noise as well as preserving signal details remains a challenge. Here, we propose an adaptive 3-D transform-Domain collaborative filtering (A3DTCF) for denoising of ET data. The most basic idea of this filter is that it combines the non-local paradigm with the multiscale analysis in sparse signal representation. The application of this filter produces encouraging results for a number of test data and shows its advantage in strengthen structural signal while attenuating the background noise.
Fault-Tolerant quantum computation with constant overhead

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

What is the minimum number of extra qubits needed to perform a large fault-tolerant quantum circuit? Working in a common model of fault-tolerance, I show that in the asymptotic limit of large circuits, the ratio of physical qubits to logical qubits can be a constant. The construction makes use of quantum low-density parity check codes, and the asymptotic overhead of the protocol is equal to that of the family of quantum error-correcting codes underlying the fault-tolerant protocol.
Reactivity of fly ash in the presence of chemical activators

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The hydration of a fly ash - Portland cement blend (70/30 by mass) without and with the addition of activators (potassium sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, sodium oxalate and potassium citrate) was examined. Measurements of setting time and strength were performed as well as analyses of the hydrate assemblages and of the composition of the pore solution. The influence of the activators on fly ash reactivity was determined using a pozzolanity test in combination with thermodynamic modelling, which allowed the calculation of the reaction degree of the fly ash. The activators enhanced compressive strength at early age, but decreased strength at late age. All activators increased pH and decreased thus the calcium concentrations in the pore solution. Higher undersaturation with respect to alite led to a faster reaction of alite and thus to early setting and a high early strength. On the long term, the high alkali concentrations lowered compressive strength. Thermodynamic modelling indicated that the high pH values due to the high alkali concentrations destabilized ettringite. The pozzolanic reaction of the fly ash could be enhanced by some of the activators, which seems to be mainly an influence of the increased pH values.
Higher-order spontaneous parametric down-conversion with back-propagating idler using a submicron poled KTP waveguide

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) using periodically poled nonlinear optical crystals under the quasiphase- matching condition has found wide use in quantum optics. High efficiencies and good coupling to single-mode fibers resulted from using channel waveguides in crystals. It is often desirable to have a very narrow bandwidth for the signal and idler photons, but under the typical operating conditions, phase matching dictates the bandwidth of the SPDC to be of the order of <1 nm. This occurs because the co-propagating signal and idler photons are entangled, and an increase of the signal wave-vector is compensated by a decrease of the idler wave-vector. One way to reduce the bandwidth is by forming either external or internal cavities. Additionally, bandwidth reduction is possible without cavities when the signal and idler are counter-propagating, and the changes in the wave-vector with frequency are additive. To accomplish this a domain inversion on the wavelength scale is required. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate SPDC in one-dimensional KTP-based waveguides with sub-micron poling for forward and backward interactions. Some of the spectral features of the generated light are accounted for by mode coupling theory in periodically poled waveguides but other features are as yet not explained.
Learning Preferences with Millions of Parameters by Enforcing Sparsity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study the retrieval task that ranks a set of objects for a given query in the pair wise preference learning framework. Recently researchers found out that raw features (e.g. words for text retrieval) and their pair wise features which describe relationships between two raw features (e.g. word synonymy or polysemy) could greatly improve the retrieval precision. However, most existing methods can not scale up to problems with many raw features (e.g. English vocabulary), due to the prohibitive computational cost on learning and the memory requirement to store a quadratic number of parameters. In this paper, we propose to learn a sparse representation of the pair wise features under the preference learning framework using the L1 regularization. Based on stochastic gradient descent, an online algorithm is devised to enforce the sparsity using a mini-batch shrinkage strategy. On multiple benchmark datasets, we show that our method achieves better performance with fast convergence, and takes much less memory on models with millions of parameters.
FIBERS OF POLY (LACTIC-CO-GLYCOLIC ACID) / POLY (ISOPRENE) BLEND FOR APPLICATION IN TISSUE ENGINEERING

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Tissue engineering can be easily described as the in vitro seeding and attachment of human cells onto a scaffold in order to develop new tissue. The application of polymers as scaffolds may bring interesting properties, such as bioresorbability, biocompatibility, mechanical behavior closer to that presented by the original tissue. Poly (Lactic-co- Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) and Poly(Isoprene) (PI) were blended and conformed as fibers for this purpose. Was observed that both blending and dripping techniques have no major influence over material's chemical structures, with no residual solvents presented. For the blend in this proportion, PLGA and PI showed a partial miscibility. In the biological analysis, the material presented an increase in population after 14 days, being recommendable a further investigations for its application in biomedical field.
Present Status of Physiotherapy in Ocular Disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

IN the harvest of recent advances in ocular therapy, the role of physiotherapy may seem rather unadventurous and retrospective a subject, but perhaps at this stage it will be found profitable to assess the extent of that territory in which there are still no more worthy competitors.Apart from the use of exercises and massage, for which there is normally little occasion in ophthalmology, and the bordering territories of occupational therapy and household remedies, which are doubtfully within its scope, physiotherapy entails the use of radiant and electrical energy.The former legitimately should embrace x rays as well as ultra-violet and infra-red rays, but although these have considerable importance in ophthalmology, they are conventionally claimed by the departments of radiotherapy, and will here be omitted from discussion.ACTINOTHERAPY ULTRA-VIOLET RADIATION.-Thiscan be obtained either by heating an object to a sufficiently high temperature (about 10,0000 C.), as in the emission from the sun or from the terminals of the carbon-arc lamp, or by the luminescence of certain gases which give radiation of appropriate wave-lengths, as in the mercury-vapour lamp. GeneralAdministration.-Generalultra-violet light was formerly administered according to the Rollier method, a quarter of the body surface being exposed each time and the length of exposure being gradually increased while distance from the lamp was decreased according to a familiar schedule, each area of the skin being irradiated at 10-day intervals.Latterly it has been the practice to expose the whole body surface at each sitting, since in the absence of active tuberculosis such carefully controlled dosage was not thought to be necessary, and no untoward results have occurred.
Single top quark production in t-channel at the LHC in noncommutative space–time

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the production cross section of the $t$-channel single top quark at\nthe LHC in the noncommutative space-time. It is shown that the deviation of the\n$t$-channel single top cross section from the Standard Model value because of\nnoncommutativity is significant when $|\\vec{\\theta}| \\gtrsim 10^{-4}$\nGeV$^{-2}$. Using the present experimental precision in measurement of the\n$t$-channel cross section, we apply upper limit on the noncommutative\nparameter. When a single top quark decays, there is a significant amount of\nangular correlation, in the top quark rest frame between the top spin direction\nand the direction of the charged lepton momentum from its decay. We study the\neffect of noncommutativity on the spin correlation and we find that depending\non the noncommutative scale, the angular correlation can enhance considerably.\nThen, we provide limits on the noncommutative scale for various possible\nrelative uncertainties on the spin correlation measurement.\n
The Effects of Muscle Fatigue on Shoulder Joint Position Sense

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Proprioception, or joint position sense, probably plays an important role in shoulder joint function. In this study, we assessed the effect of muscle fatigue on shoulder proprioception in 20 volunteers with no shoulder abnormalities. Shoulder proprioception was measured as the threshold to first detection of humeral rotation with the joint at 90° of abduction and 90° of external rotation. Subjects were tested while rested, exercised on a isokinetic testing machine until fatigued, and then retested in an identical fashion. Both shoulders were tested, and the order of dominant and non-dominant shoulder was randomized. Shoulder proprioception was analyzed for its dependence on arm dominance, direction of rotation, and muscle fatigue. Subjects detected external rotation after significantly less movement than they did internal rotation. Overall, before exercise, motion was detected after a mean of 0.92° of rotation. After exercise, this threshold to detection of movement increased to 1.59°, an increase of 73%. This significant increase occurred with both internal and external rotation. The decrease in proprioceptive sense with muscle fatigue may play a role in decreasing athletic performance and in fatigue-related shoulder dysfunction. It remains to be determined if training can lessen this loss in position sense.
Quality Assurance and the Use of Subject Level Reference Points in the UK

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA) in the UK publishes subject benchmark statements that higher education institutions are expected to consult when designing, delivering and reviewing programmes. Within a context for higher education that is considered by some to be unacceptably bureaucratic, this paper reflects on the value of subject benchmark statements for maintaining academic standards. Practitioners' accounts of working with subject benchmark statements suggest that they are of value in the design and validation of new programmes and in internal and external quality assurance processes. Challenges include fears over a 'tick box' compliance culture, complexities of dealing with multidisciplinary programmes and management of the relationship between academic and professional body requirements. Further evaluation is needed. Suggestions are made for areas where further research would be helpful. This paper will be of interest to practitioners, researchers and managers working in quality assurance in the UK and overseas.
Modeling The Relationship Between Progression Of CD4-Lymphocyte Count And Survival Time

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In models for repeated observations of a measured response, the length of the response vector may be determined by a survival process related to the response. If the measurement error is large, and probability of death depends on the true, unobserved value of the response, then the survival process must be modelled. Wu and Carroll (1988) proposed a random effects model for a two-sample longitudinal data in the presence of informative censoring, in which the individual effects included only slopes and intercepts. We propose methods for fitting a broad class of models of this type, in which both the repeated measures and the survival time are modelled using random effects. These methods permit us to estimate parameters describing the relationship between measures of disease progression and survival time; and we apply them to results of AIDS clinical trials.
A New Perspective in Utilizing MMP-9 as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9) is a 92 kDa type IV collagenase and a member of the family of endopeptidases. MMP-9 is involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix components, tissue remodeling, cellular receptor stripping, and processing of various signaling molecules. In the CNS, the effects of MMP-9 are quite complex, since it exerts beneficial effects including neurogenesis, angiogenesis, myelogenesis, axonal growth, and inhibition of apoptosis, or destructive effects including apoptosis, blood-brain barrier disorder, and demyelination. Likewise, in the periphery, physiological events, as the involvement of MMP-9 in angiogenesis, for instance in wound healing, can be turned into pathological, such as in tumor metastasis, depending on the state of the organism. Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by amyloid accumulation and deposition in the brain. Amyloidogenesis, however, also occurs in diseases of the periphery, such as type II diabetes mellitus, where an analogous type of amyloid, is deposited in the pancreas. Interestingly, both diseases exhibit similar pathology and disease progression, with insulin resistance being a major common denominator. Hence, combinatorial strategies searching new or existing molecules to apply for therapeutic use for both diseases are gaining momentum. MMP-9 is extensively studied due to its association with a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Consequently, meticulous design could render MMP-9 into a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus; two seemingly unrelated diseases.
"Any Human Cell - iPS, Direct Programmed, Embryonic, Fetal or Adult - Can Be Genetically Engineered to Asexually Reproduce New Human Embryos for Purposes of Reproduction ('Infertility')"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: A recent UNESCO document identifies several genetic engineering techniques that can be used in human reproductive cloning, using any human cell: (1) tetraploid complementation, (2) direct derivation of sperm and egg cells, and (3) embryo splitting (twinning). Documented studies are provided in this article, and questions are raised about the legitimacy of scientific terminology used and proposed.
Subnational trend and driving factors for pancreatic cancer burden in China, 1990–2021: an analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The mortality of pancreatic cancer in China showed an increasing trend between 2005 and 2020, with significant discrepancies in the burden of pancreatic cancer in provinces. We analyzed numbers of death, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and corresponding age-standardized rates for pancreatic cancer in China using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. We conducted trend analysis in pancreatic cancer burden over time by age group and gender. Decomposition analysis was used to assess the drivers of change in cancer-related deaths in China due to three explanatory factors: population growth, population ageing and age-specific mortality. In 2021, the ASMR of pancreatic cancer in China was 5.72/100,000(95%UI: 4.59, 6.91), the age-standardized incidence (ASIR) rate was 5.64/100,000(95%UI: 4.52, 6.84) and the age-standardized DALY rate was 137.23/100,000 (95%UI:108.15, 166.74). From 1990 to 2021, the ASMR of pancreatic cancer in China generally showed an increasing trend (AAPC: 0.56, 95%UI: 0.52, 0.59). The burden of pancreatic cancer was consistently higher in Chinese men compared to women during the study period.Compared with 1990, the number of deaths from pancreatic cancer has increased in all provinces of China in 2021, with the overall number of deaths increasing by 67.49%. Population ageing was the major cause of the increase in deaths from pancreatic cancer in China, accounting for 45.89%. The burden of pancreatic cancer in China is still at a high level and population ageing is the main reason for the increase in pancreatic cancer deaths.
A comparison of pre‐ and post‐clinical education learning preferences among medical students who elected to dissect compared to those who did not during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Anatomy instructional methods varied widely during the COVID‐19 pandemic and programs are assessing innovations for retention. Learning preferences were assessed among medical students dichotomized as elective dissectors (ED) or non‐dissectors (ND) during the COVID‐19 partial re‐opening in 2020 (preclinical) and again in 2022 after clinical exposure (post‐clinical) to assess the viability of elective dissection post‐pandemic. A mixed‐method approach was used for the assessment of test scores, learning preference surveys, learning activities rankings, and thematic analyses. No significant differences occurred in anatomy examination scores. Dissection was considered useful by both preclinical groups but significantly more so by ED, while the presence of an instructor was significantly preferred by ED although a majority of ND agreed. Elective dissection was significantly preferred by ND but also by a large minority of ED students. Pre‐ and post‐clinical ND believed that elective dissection offered more academic flexibility, did not hinder clinical learning, and did not negatively impact medical education. The corresponding ED stated that confidence improved, clinical experiences were enhanced, and dissection was irreplaceable. Preclinical ND preferred self‐learning, while ED students preferred online learning, but these differences largely disappeared post‐clinically. Learning activity rankings were not significantly different among all groups (ND, ED, preclinical, and post‐clinical). A hybrid laboratory with a virtual learning environment ranked highest across groups and preferences increased over time suggesting that students benefited from this instructional method during clinical exposure. The absence of laboratory experience ranked lowest, and preference decreased over time suggesting that anatomy dissection is valued.
Molecular Mechanisms of Human Cardiac Sodium Channel Inactivation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mentor: Jonathan Silva\nFrom the Washington University Undergraduate Research Digest: WUURD, Volume 9, Issue 1, Fall 2013. Published by the Office of Undergraduate Research.\nJoy Zalis Kiefer Director of Undergraduate Research and Assistant Dean in the College of Arts & Sciences.
Investigation of the spin stability of the NPS Mini-Satellite (ORION)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A preliminary design of the Naval Postgraduate School Mini-Satellite consists of a long cylindrical body and four radial booms and uses the single spin stabilization scheme for its attitude control. Stability conditions between design parameters for simple spinning motions of the satellite in space are investigated by applying Liapunov stability theory and using the natural modes as the admissible functions of internal coordinates. The stability diagram from this study shows that the internal stability conditions due to the flexibility of booms limit the angular velocity range of simple spins whlie the Maximum Axis Rule limit the minimum lengths of booms.
Passio sancti Valentini episcopi martyris (BHL 8460)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Edizione critica a stampa a cura di E. D'Angelo esportazione in formato TEI XML livello ALIM2_0 effettuata da Paolo Monella Edizione in formato TEI XML, livello ALIM2_1, a cura di Jan Ctibor HomePage del progetto: http://it.alim.unisi.it/il-progetto/ Documentazione: http://alim.unisi.it/documentazione
Strategic borrowing from passive investors

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract We find that short sellers manage risks by strategically borrowing shares in stocks with significant ownership by passive investors. This practice increases securities lending demand for stocks with substantial passive ownership, resulting in improved price efficiency, higher lending fees, and increased short interest in these stocks. Consistent with the risk mitigation motive, these stocks show reduced risks of unexpected fee hikes and loan recall, longer loan durations, and attract more informed short sellers. These effects are particularly pronounced in hard-to-borrow stocks where short-sale constraints are binding. Our study suggests that passive investing helps alleviate short-sale constraints by reducing the risks associated with stock borrowing.