jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intersecting Multisets and Applications to Multiset Languages

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. We show that the family Sem = mREG = mCF of regular multiset languages is closed under applications of finite and iterated multiset-union, finite and iterated multiset-intersection, and multiset-subtraction. For the class Sem( � k) of semilinear subsets of � k, or that of � k, Sem: = � k≥0 Sem( � k), this amounts to verify, that the component-wise maximum, minimum or non-negative subtraction of pairs of elements from two semi-linear sets is again semi-linear, and that the iterated application can be replaced by a fixed finite application of multisetintersection, respectively multiset-subtraction. We solve the three questions about closure properties that remained open in [KuMi 01,KuMi 02], verify that the family mMON is not closed with respect to multiset-intersection, and correct a small mistake in a proof in [EiSc 69,Bers 79]. 1
Impact of increasing obesity on primary health carers: an Australian perspective

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Increasing levels of obesity in Australia are having a direct impact on those associated with primary care and patient transport. Whether the patient movement is undertaken in the uncontrolled environment of the home or the controlled environment of the hospital, design features generally limit the use of equipment and the application of safe handling procedures. Ambulance and fire services are increasingly developing policies and procedures that address the movement of obese and morbidly obese (bariatric) patients and the purchase and use of equipment. Yet the efficacy of these procedures is hampered by the absence of a standard definition of the term ‘bariatric’. Various definitions of ‘bariatric’ are applied in different sectors and risk-based approaches rather than those based on weight, body dimensions or BMI may be more useful. Substantially more work is required to inform the development of intervention strategies that will lead to significant and sustained risk reduction. Further work is also needed to quantify the frequency of bariatric patient movement within the emergency services across Australia. A clear representation of the journey and the interfaces between the agencies and carers and their respective roles would assist with defining the problem and understanding the solutions.
Purification of peat groundwater by ultrafiltration and membrane purification

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose: assessing the effectiveness of peat groundwater purification using a combination of two methods of ultrafiltration and membrane purification. Identify specific characteristics of the composition of peat or groundwater, determine possible possible methods of treating these waters to ensure compliance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.3684–21 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the maintenance of territories of urban and rural settlements, for water bodies, drinking water and drinking water supply to the population, atmospheric air, soil, residential premises, operation of industrial and public premises, organization and implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures” to the quality of drinking water. Determine the list of composition indicators that require cleaning. Conduct an assessment of wastewater treatment methods used to treat peat groundwater. Togo, Conduct research on the composition of purified groundwater before and after treatment, determine the effectiveness of the treatment methods used according to various indicators. Determination of the concentrations of groundwater composition components was carried out using approved methods in accordance with GOST R 57164-2010 clause 5; GOST R 57164-2010 clause 6; PND F 14.1:2:4.207-04; PND F 14.1.2:3:4.121-97; PND F 14.1:2:4.114-97; GOST 31594-2012 Method A; PND F 14.1:2:4.50-96; PND F 14.1.2:3:4.111-97; PND F 14.1.2:3:4.111- 97; PND F 14.1.2:3.154-99; PND F 14.1.2:3:4.123-97; GOST 31859-2012; PND F 14.1.2:3:4.4-95; GOST 31940-2012 clause 6; PND F 14.1.2:4.178-02; PND F 14.1.2:4.214-06. An analysis of the results of laboratory studies of the composition of peat groundwater before and after treatment was carried out, and the effectiveness of ultrafiltration and membrane water purification methods was determined. The results of studies of the effectiveness of purification of peat groundwater using ultrafiltration and membrane purification methods show that purified groundwater meets the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the quality of drinking and domestic water supply established by SanPiN 2.1.3684-21. Practical significance: the results obtained from studies of the effectiveness of peat groundwater treatment using ultrafiltration and membrane treatment methods indicate the possibility of using these methods, because they ensure that water quality meets the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.3684-21.
Cartilage regeneration effect of orally administered Zingiber officinale Roscoe against MIA-induced osteoarthritis in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is developed when the cartilage that protects the bone is gradually destroyed within the synovial joint [1]. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ZO) is potential to reduce pain and symptoms caused by OA by suppressing cyclooxygenase, lipooxygenase metabolites, and arachidonic acid [2]. This study compares and quantifies the histopathological changes of cartilage between ZO treated rats and control rats in Monosodium idoacetate (MIA)-induced OA. Rats were treated by administration of the suggested therapies using feeding catheter for 28 days. At day 28, rats were sacrificed. Whole right and left knee joints were dissected, processed, and stained with H&E or Safranin-O. Histopathological scores [3] were quantified. ZO group showed significantly low degeneration of the cartilage and significantly less severity of the subchondral bone compared to control group. This study concluded that oral administration of ZO revealed the curative effects of the extract on cartilage of OA joints.
Heart rate variability arterial hypertension in young heart‐transplanted recipients: Association progression of cardiac allograft vasculopathy?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Hypertension and reduced HRV are frequent in heart‐transplanted recipients. We studied 26 young recipients to investigate the relationship between BP and HRV during simultaneous 24‐h monitoring. Presence of CAV was considered. All HRV measures were significantly lower than normal values. Significant correlations were found between mean daytime systolic BP and the rMSSD (p = 0.04), and mean daytime DBP and SDANN for all 5‐min segments (p = 0.03) and between rMSSD and mean nighttime DBP (p = 0.03). Four patients were hypertensive during daytime, seven had a reduced nocturnal fall and two had a nocturnal rise in BP. Eight patients showed severe CAV grade (grade IV) on the Stanford scale, 13 moderate (grade III) and five mild (grade I‐II). After a follow‐up time of 30 months, four of the 13 patients (30%) with CAV grade III showed an increase to grade IV and all showed abnormalities of both HRV and ABPM patterns. The relationship between HRV abnormalities and arterial hypertension and CAV should be further explored.
(L, )-Smooth Filters

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we establish the concept of (L, � )−smooth filter convergence in the framework of (L, � )−smooth topologies. Also, we study some of their properties and give some examples of those. The product of a proper (L, � )−smooth filters is established. In particular, we investigate some relations between (L, � )−smooth continuous maps and (L, � )−smooth filter convergence maps.
Local thermal nonequilibrium perspective of heat transfer and fluid flow in a slender anisotropic porous cavity due to lateral uniform heat flux

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The influence of the local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) state on steady-state natural convection due to the heating and cooling of the side walls of the slender porous cavity has been addressed analytically and numerically. The porous medium is assumed to be hydrodynamically anisotropic. The Darcy model has been adopted. A closed-form solution, based on a parallel hypothesis, is reported for a slender cavity. The combined impact of media anisotropy and LTNE state on the heat transfer rate, as well as flow dynamics, have been analyzed. The help of boundary layer analysis is taken to report the boundary layer thickness and heat transfer rate of fluid flow analytically. It has been found that the maximum (minimum) heat transfer rate of the fluid phase as well as solid phase takes place at orientation angle, ϕ, equal to π/2 when permeability along the horizontal (vertical) direction is higher than the same along vertical (horizontal) direction.
Green Social Work: From Environmental Crises to Environmental Justice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the world becomes increasingly attuned to the nature and extent of the global environmental crisis, we are beginning to appreciate the impacts that environmental problems ranging from pollution to anthropogenic climate change will have, indeed are already having, on human well-being. With this appreciation comes the realisation that the worst negative impacts of such issues are falling disproportionately on the individuals, communities and societies who are already amongst the most marginalised and disadvantaged around the globe. In this sense, it has become very clear that the environmental crisis is also a crisis for social justice. Despite these clear links between the environmental and the social, social work as a profession has been slow to engage in this area. Lena Dominelli's new volume on Green Social Work is therefore a very timely publication and makes a significant contribution to the argument that the profession must begin to turn its attention to environmental issues and their impact on human well-being.
The Comparison of Nutritional Value of Human Milk with Other Mammals’ Milk

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(1) Background: The variation in the concentration of different components found in milk depends on mammalian species, genetic, physiological, nutritional factors, and environmental conditions. Here, we analyse, for the first time, the content of different components (cholesterol concentration and fatty acids composition as well as the overall fat and mineral content determined using the same analytical methods) in milk of different mammal species. (2) Methods: The samples (n = 52) of human, cow, sheep, goat and mare milk were analyzed in triplicate for: cholesterol concentration, fatty acids profile and fat and mineral content (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc). (3) Results: The highest fat content was reported in sheep milk (7.10 ± 3.21 g/dL). The highest cholesterol concentration was observed in bovine (20.58 ± 4.21 mg/dL) and sheep milk (17.07 ± 1.18 mg/dL). The saturated fatty acids were the lowest in human milk (46.60 ± 7.88% of total fatty acids). Goat milk had the highest zinc (0.69 ± 0.17 mg/dL), magnesium (17.30 ± 2.70 mg/dL) and potassium (183.60 ± 17.20 mg/dL) content. Sheep milk had the highest sodium (52.10 ± 3.20 mg/dL) and calcium (181.70 ± 17.20 mg/dL) concentration values. (4) Conclusions: The differences in nutritional value of milk could be perceived as a milk profile marker, helping to choose the best food for human nutrition.
Prevalence of tomato potato psyllid (<i>Bactericera cockerelli</i> Sulc) on red capsicum fruit in choice and nochoice tests

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Tomato potato psyllid (TPP; Bactericera cockerelli) was first recorded in New Zealand in 2006 Exports to Australia must be fumigated with methyl bromide (MB) to comply with New Zealands phytosanitary export certification requirements Fumigation reduces the quality of the capsicums In tests using high densities of TPP adults TPP laid eggs mainly on the top of the calyx and the stem and some on the body of the fruit although far fewer eggs than were laid on tomato or capsicum leaves Given the choice between capsicum fruit body stem and calyx or capsicum leaves 992995 of eggs were laid on leaves Nymphs that hatched from the few eggs laid on the calyx and stem did not survive indicating that capsicum fruit are a poor host for TPP No eggs were laid beneath the capsicum calyx Some exported capsicums are washed using high pressure washing equipment which might dislodge TPP eggs The very low incidence and survival of TPP on capsicum fruit could result in this fruit already meeting or exceeding the phytosanitary requirements of the importing country
Application of Herringbone Pattern to a Slim-Type Optical Disk Drive for the Reduction of Warpage and Vibration of the Rotating Disk

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A herringbone pattern is applied beneath the top cover of a slim-type optical disk drive to suppress the warpage and vibration of a rotating disk since the pattern can modify the pressure generation over the disk by changing its geometric parameters. The effect of the herringbone geometries on the pressure generation is evaluated for various geometric parameters. The flow field and the pressure distribution in the cavity are calculated by using a commercial program with the k–ε model for the turbulent computation. To confirm the numerical results, the axial vibrations of the rotating disk as well as the pressure distribution of the air gap between the disk and the top cover are measured at various points. In this study, the application of the herringbone pattern reduces the disk warpage and axial vibration by 34 and 10% at most, respectively.
Budgeting, Psychological Contracts, and Budgetary Misreporting

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines the effect of psychological contract breach on budgetary misreporting. Psychological contracts are mental models or schemas that govern how employees understand their exchange relationships with their employers. Psychological contract breach leads to feelings of violation and can occur even when employees' economic contracts are fulfilled. We study the effects of psychological contract breach on three common types of employee participation in budgeting that differ in the degree of employees' influence over their approved budgets. These include affirmative budgeting (full influence), consultative budgeting (moderate influence), and authoritative budgeting (low influence). When organizations communicate that employees will be involved in budgeting, employees develop psychological contracts of affirmative budgeting. If employees subsequently experience authoritative or consultative budgeting, their psychological contracts are breached. Employees who experience psychological contract breach seek redress through budgetary misreporting. Experimental results indicate that psychological contract breach partially mediates the relation between budgeting type and budgetary misreporting. Results also indicate asymmetry in the effects of psychological contract breach versus repair. Effects of breach on budgetary misreporting persist even after the breach no longer occurs.
Exploring Self-Determination Theory through Mathematical Modelling

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This code generates three sets of data representing different mathematical models of autonomy, competence, and relatedness over a specified time interval. Linear Model: The linear functions for autonomy, competence, and relatedness depict a steady increase over time. Each function follows a straight line with a positive slope, indicating a linear relationship between time and satisfaction level for each psychological need. Exponential Model: The exponential functions for autonomy, competence, and relatedness exhibit exponential growth patterns. As time progresses, the satisfaction level for each need increases at an accelerating rate, resulting in a curve that steepens over time. Logistic Growth Model: The logistic growth functions for autonomy, competence, and relatedness represent a sigmoidal curve, characterized by an initial rapid growth phase followed by a gradual approach towards a saturation point. These functions reflect the idea that psychological needs may experience rapid development initially but eventually reach a limit as they approach their maximum satisfaction levels. The plotted graphs visually represent the evolution of autonomy, competence, and relatedness according to each mathematical model. The x-axis represents time, while the y-axis represents the satisfaction level of each psychological need. The legend in each plot identifies which curve corresponds to autonomy, competence, or relatedness. Overall, this code provides a visual comparison of different models of Self-Determination Theory, offering insights into how these psychological needs may evolve over time according to various mathematical assumptions.
Wdr5 is required for chick skeletal development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Wdr5, a bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)–induced protein belonging to the family of the WD repeat proteins, is expressed in proliferating and hypertrophic chondrocytes of the growth plate and in osteoblasts. Although previous studies have provided insight into the mechanisms by which Wdr5 affects chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation, whether Wdr5 is required in vivo for endochondral bone development has not been addressed. In this study, using an avian replication competent retrovirus (RCAS) system delivering Wdr5 short hairpin (sh) RNA to silence Wdr5 in the developing limb, we report that reduction of Wdr5 levels delays endochondral bone development and consequently results in shortening of the skeletal elements. Shortening of the skeletal elements was due to impaired chondrocyte maturation, evidenced by a significant reduction of Runx2, type X collagen, and osteopontin expression. A decrease in Runx2, type collagen I, and ostepontin expression in osteoblasts and a subsequent defect in mineralized bone was observed as well when Wdr5 levels were reduced. Most important, retroviral misexpression of Runx2 rescued the phenotype induced by Wdr5 shRNA. These findings suggest that during limb development, Wdr5 is required for endochondral bone formation and that Wdr5 influences this process, at least in part, by regulating Runx2 expression. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Engagements between African Diaspora Academics in the U.S. and Canada and African Institutions of Higher Education: Perspectives from North America and Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report summarizes the findings from two previous projects, Engagements between African Diaspora Academics in the U.S. and Canada and African Institutions of Higher Education, and The African Dimension of Engagements between African Diaspora Academic in the U.S. and Canada and African Institutions of Higher Education. It assesses their policy implications for universities in Canada and the United States on the one hand, and in Southern, East, and West Africa on the other, as well as on donor agencies. It offers concrete proposals on how more effective strategies for engagement between African diaspora academics in Canada and the United States and African institutions of higher education might be established in the areas of faculty and student exchanges, scholarly and curricula collaborations, and the policy and institutional changes that can sustain them.
Condensed Phase Isotope Effects

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

It is well known that the condensed phase physical properties of molecular isotopic isomers are not the same. These differences in the vapor pressure, molar volume, surface tension, etc., are purely quantal phenomena. The effects are most exterme for isotopic substitution at hydrogen isotopes. Of the various physical properties which have been investigated the isotope effect on vapour pressure (VPIE) shows the largest ralative effects. In face, for hydrogen-deuterium substitution they range all the way from about inverse 2% per deuterium atom for nonpolar hydrocarbons (by inverse we mean that the molecule substituted with the heavier isotope has the higher vapor pressure) to as much as 20% normal (PH > PD ) per deuterium atom for molecules which are strongle associated in the condensed phase. Such effects are about one order of magnitude larger than isotope effects which are observed in most systems on molar volumes, surface tension, etc. (Thus, for example, benxene at 20°C shows a rather small VPIE of 0.4% per atom D 3 but the molar volume effect is only 0.05% per D and the surface tension effect 0.03% [4].) This it would appear is the reason a majority of recent studies have been directed toward the VPIE. The emphasis in this paper reflects that trend and the balance of the discussion will deal almost exclusively with the vapor pressure isotope effect.
Long term follow‐up and late complications of 2‐chlorodeoxyadenosine in previously treated, advanced, indolent non‐hodgkin's lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the long term outcome and toxicities after the administration of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) to patients with previously treated, advanced, indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). METHODS Twenty-two patients (median age, 55 years) with relapsed or refractory low grade NHL (median disease duration, 2.8 years) were treated with 2-CdA by continuous infusion at 0.1 mg/kg/day over 5 or 7 days every 28 days, for a maximum of 6 cycles. RESULTS The overall response rate was 45%. Two patients (9%) achieved a complete response (CR), 8 patients (36%) achieved a partial response, and 12 patients (55%) had no response. The two patients achieving CR have remained in CR for 46 and 38 months, respectively. Freedom from treatment failure at 24 months was 32%. Overall survival at 24 months was 59%. Three patients developed second malignancies: acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome, and a cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder. Fourteen patients have died after a median follow-up of 28 months (range, 3.9-49.2 months) due to progressive NHL (11 patients), infection (2 patients), and AML (1 patient). CONCLUSIONS 2-CdA is an active agent for patients with previously treated, advanced, indolent NHL and may result in lasting remissions. Late complications following treatment may include delayed bacterial, fungal, or viral infection. Determination of whether the second malignancies that occurred in three patients reported herein were related to treatment with 2-CdA will require further study. Cancer 1998;82:957-64. © 1998 American Cancer Society.