jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Total cross sections for the reactions $^{10,11,12}$Be+$^{28}$Si and $^{14}$B+$^{28}$Si

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the results of measurements of the total cross sections for the reactions $^{10,11,12}$Be+$^{28}$Si and $^{14}$B+$^{28}$Si in the beam energy range $13A$--$47A$ MeV are presented. The experimental cross sections were obtained by detection of the gamma quanta and neutrons accompanying the interaction of the isotopes of Be and B with $^{28}$Si. It was found that the cross sections for $^{11,12}$Be are similar, but significantly exceed those for $^{10}$Be. A significant increase in the cross sections for $^{12}$Be with decreasing energy is observed in the entire measured energy range. A theoretical explanation of the obtained experimental data is given based on the microscopic model of deformed nuclei and the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for the outer weakly bound neutrons of the projectile nuclei. The calculated total reaction cross sections are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Folder on Sunderland and Alexander Boddy, 1905-1928

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[description english/roman)] Mrs Boddy's early experiences; Miscellaneous extracts from early Pentecostal papers; correspondence with Mrs Penn-Lewis; copy of Penn-Lewis' autobiography; Sunderland Conventions programme and photo from 1910; Correspondence between AOG and Elim regarding missions co-operation; Pentecostal baptism article; Pentecostal booklets.
Study on Tubular Busbar Corona Design Optimization of &#x0B1;660kV HVDC Converter Substation in Qingdao

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The HVDC busbar corona characteristic is the main factor taken into account for choosing busbar of HVDC converter substation. By establishing the calculation models of electric field strength along the busbar surface, ground total electric field strength and audible noise, the paper computes and analyses the corona starting gradient, corona starting voltage, total electric field strength and audible noise level of tubular busbar in ±660 kV HVDC converter substation. The control indexes of tubular busbar corona characteristic parameters for ±660 kV HVDC converter substation are confirmed in combination with calculation results and related standards. Based on the control indexes, the paper assesses the corona characteristic parameters with different busbar types and collocations, and the tubular busbar type and collocation for ±660 kV Qindao HVDC converter substation are obtained. The tubular busbar with diameter of 250 mm is chosen, under the environment height above 12 m.
Effect of pressure and temperature on the refractive indices of benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An interferometer for measuring change in index of refraction with pressure is described. Absolute indices of refraction are reported to five decimals for benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and water at pressures as high as 1100 bars over a small temperature range. The results of replicate measurements agree to within ±0.0001. Various equations relating index and specific volume show systematic deviations in all cases. At constant specific volume, the index of carbon tetrachloride increases with increasing temperature, while the index of water decreases with increasing temperature. The refractive index of benzene shows no effect due solely to temperature within the experimental error. Possible explanations for this behavior are discussed.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving (CPS) Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Peserta Didik pada Pembelajaran Fisika di SMA Negeri 1 Ampek Angkek

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the influence of the creative problem solving (CPS) learning model on students' understanding of physics concepts in physics learning in class XI phase F at SMA N 1 Ampek Angkek. This study utilizes a quantitative approach with the type of Quasi Experiment Design. The research instrument is in the form of multiple-choice questions with five possible answers. Before the test is given, the instrument will be tested for validity, reliability, difficulty level and differentiation first. A total of 72 physics students of eleventh grade phase F participated in this study; 32 from the experimental group and 36 from the control group. The data analysis techniques used are normality tests, homogeneity, and mean difference tests. The findings of the study show that the application of the CPS learning model affects students' understanding of concepts. Both groups of students who use the direct learning model and those who use the CPS model have a significance value of <0.05 in the statistical analysis carried out using the t-test.
Distance-based resource quantification for sets of quantum measurements

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The advantage that quantum systems provide for certain quantum information processing tasks over their classical counterparts can be quantified within the general framework of resource theories. Certain distance functions between quantum states have successfully been used to quantify resources like entanglement and coherence. Perhaps surprisingly, such a distance-based approach has not been adopted to study resources of quantum measurements, where other geometric quantifiers are used instead. Here, we define distance functions between sets of quantum measurements and show that they naturally induce resource monotones for convex resource theories of measurements. By focusing on a distance based on the diamond norm, we establish a hierarchy of measurement resources and derive analytical bounds on the incompatibility of any set of measurements. We show that these bounds are tight for certain projective measurements based on mutually unbiased bases and identify scenarios where different measurement resources attain the same value when quantified by our resource monotone. Our results provide a general framework to compare distance-based resources for sets of measurements and allow us to obtain limitations on Bell-type experiments.
FOXA1 and adaptive response determinants to HER2 targeted therapy in TBCRC 036

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inhibition of the HER2/ERBB2 receptor is a keystone to treating HER2-positive malignancies, particularly breast cancer, but a significant fraction of HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancers recur or fail to respond. Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies, like trastuzumab or pertuzumab, and ATP active site inhibitors like lapatinib, commonly lack durability because of adaptive changes in the tumor leading to resistance. HER2+ cell line responses to inhibition with lapatinib were analyzed by RNAseq and ChIPseq to characterize transcriptional and epigenetic changes. Motif analysis of lapatinib-responsive genomic regions implicated the pioneer transcription factor FOXA1 as a mediator of adaptive responses. Lapatinib in combination with FOXA1 depletion led to dysregulation of enhancers, impaired adaptive upregulation of HER3, and decreased proliferation. HER2-directed therapy using clinically relevant drugs (trastuzumab with or without lapatinib or pertuzumab) in a 7-day clinical trial designed to examine early pharmacodynamic response to antibody-based anti-HER2 therapy showed reduced FOXA1 expression was coincident with decreased HER2 and HER3 levels, decreased proliferation gene signatures, and increased immune gene signatures. This highlights the importance of the immune response to anti-HER2 antibodies and suggests that inhibiting FOXA1-mediated adaptive responses in combination with HER2 targeting is a potential therapeutic strategy.
Histomorphometric analysis of goat uterine tissue on in vitro exposure with ovarian hormones and mifepristone

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Uterus, the largest reproductive tract organ in female mammals, is the site of implantation of fertilised egg and foetus development. Uterus is a dynamic reproductive organ; its morphology alters with reproductive phase and steroidal cues. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of progesterone (P4), estrogen (E2) and antiprogestogen i.e., mifepristone on goat’s uterine histoarchitecture in in vitro short term culture. Uterine tissue slices were cultured in the presence of E2, P4 and mifepristone at the dose of 10–9 M, 10–7 M and 10–6 M respectively for 24 hours. Uter-ine morphology of E2- and P4-treated groups did not reveal marked changes from that of control group. Mifepristone treatment caused conspicuous changes in uterine histoarchitecture, led to congested endometrium, regressed uterine glands and constricted blood vessels. The changes ob-served in morphometry after E2 and P4 exposure included increased uterine gland diameter (47.00 and 45.95 µm respectively) and glandular epithelial cell height (18.37 and 17.43 µm respectively) while the mifepristone treatment resulted in significant reduction of gland diameter (34.95 µm) as well as epithelium height (14.25 µm) as compared to those in control group (39.9 and 15.56 µm respectively). These morphometrical changes revealed prominent regressive changes in anti-progestin treated group while E2 and P4 showed prolific effects in in vitro culture. Thus it is envis-aged that E2 and P4 induced characteristic progressive changes in the histologic structure especially in endometrial glands of the goat uterus while anti-steroidogenic formulation i.e. mifepristone severely reduced the normal histoarchitecture of the uterus which is a prerequisite for implanta-tion.
High-Performance Flexible TFT Circuits Using TIPS Pentacene and Polymer Blend on Plastic

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report the high-performance circuit on 25-μm polyimide substrate with organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) (OTFTs) using 6,13-bis(triisopropyl-silylethynyl) pentacene and polymer blending. Because of high mobility (0.64 cm 2 /V·s) and low threshold voltage (<;|1 V|) of the TFTs, an 11-stage ring oscillator (RO) made of these TFTs exhibits the switching speed of 31.4 kHz at the supply voltage of 20 V. The output waveforms of the RO change little after 5000 times bending with a radius of curvature of 2 mm, and thus, the OTFT circuits can be applied to very flexible electronics.
The prospects for the socialist economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Gorbachev economic reforms adopted in the summer of 1987 and instituted as from the start of 1988 contain inherent contradictions and ambiguities and may lead either to a far‐reaching transformation of the Soviet economic system or to the preservation of the existing command‐administrative structure. Like other Gorbachev reforms, the economic changes have been subject to continuous amendment and their ultimate destination is far from certain. Controversy between radical reformers and conservatives has centred on several key issues, including the role of state orders, wholesale trade, normatives, prices and the role of the ministries. The objectives of more radical economic reformers are part of a larger process of rethinking of socialism is both East and West and appear to represent a response to more general difficulties confronting all industrial societies.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Bidens segetum Mart. Ex Colla leaves, flowers and fruits

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Some Bidens species are well studied for their therapeutic purposes in various folk medicines [1]. B. segetum is a native species from the Brazilian Cerrado that, up to now, has not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we analyzed the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of B. segetum flowers, fruits and leaves collected in Martinho Prado-SP. The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation for 3h with a yield of 0.16% for both flowers and fruits and 0.05% for the leaves. The component identification was performed by GC/MS indicating as major components α-amorphene (23.1%) for the leaves oil while in the flowers and fruits oil presented ß-phellandrene (22.9% and 40%) and α-amorphene (19.7% and 11.3%), respectively, as the main compounds. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the microdilution method [2] against Aspergillus niger (16404), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538). In the antifungal assay, the oils from leaves and flowers displayed a strong inhibition (93 and 99%, respectively) of the yeast C. albicans, while with the filamentous fungus A. niger only the leaf oils showed a strong inhibition (82%). In the antibacterial assay, the oils from flowers and leaves inhibited almost completely the growth of S. aureus whereas the fruits oil was almost inactive (11%). However, in the assay with E. coli the fruit oil was more active (52% inhibition) than the flowers and leaf oils (12 and 8% inhibition, respectively).
Suzanne Bastid

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Suzanne Bastid was the first woman in many professional roles and institutional positions: as a professor of international law in France, an international judge and later president of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal, as a legal counsel at the International Court of Justice and later an ad hoc judge in the same court, and as a member and later president of the Institut de droit international. She was also the founder and editor-in-chief of L’Annuaire français de droit international, a leader of diverse academic and professional associations, such as Société française pour le droit international, a member and subsequently the president of the French Académie des sciences morales et politiques, and the author of not a small number of academic publications. The portrait traces Suzanne Bastid’s ascension into a prominent and respected figure in international law in France and internationally in an analysis that focuses on the representations (visual and textual) of her exceptionality. How did Suzanne Bastid manage to overcome the gendered legal, social, cultural, and political obstacles? In the representations of Bastid today, the sex and gender marking on her career makes it figure as a site of struggle for representation. She has become an emblem of progress for women in the legal professions, but was she a ‘feminist’, and in the eyes of whom? What difference does it make?
Words and Numbers: Financialization and Accounting Standard Setting in the United Kingdom

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT How is it possible that British policymakers resisted market‐based measurement for decades while financial economic concepts of decision making and valuation still gained widespread acceptance as a justification for accounting standard setting? This study introduces the concept of “technologies of financialization” to develop the theorizing of the rise of finance in the domain of accounting. Based on a genealogical history of narrative reporting in the United Kingdom, it demonstrates how references to qualitative reporting techniques helped to address recurring crises of measurement from 1969 to 1993, and ultimately contributed to the practical acceptance of market‐based measurement in the UK standard‐setting context. The data are interpreted through a cultural economy framework that directs attention to the power of referring to financial reporting as a combination of words and numbers in sustaining its theoretical redefinition “from below”—that is, by relating it to the experience of practicing accountants rather than accounting theory. As a technology of financialization, narrative reporting made financial economic ideals of market‐based measurement, decision usefulness, and future orientation appear operable in a real‐life reporting context. Whenever measurement reached its practical limits, narratives were relied on to explain the impact of price‐level changes, frame economic decisions, and relate unobservable future cash flows to present‐day strategies and resources. The insight into how narrative reporting practices have been laced into the reasoning of capital markets for over 40 years is timely because it illustrates that narratives can also play a more encompassing role and drive the turn toward wider corporate accountability on social and environmental impacts while hard measurements in this area are still being figured out.
The Role of Surprise in Hindsight Bias – A Metacognitive Model of Reduced and Reversed Hindsight Bias

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Hindsight bias is the well researched phenomenon that people falsely believe that they would have correctly predicted the outcome of an event once it is known. In recent years, several authors have doubted the ubiquity of the effect and have reported a reversal under certain conditions. This article presents an integrative model on the role of surprise as one factor explaining the malleability of the hindsight bias. Three ways in which surprise influences the reconstruction of pre-outcome predictions are assumed: (1) Surprise is used as direct metacognitive heuristic to estimate the distance between outcome and prediction. (2) Surprise triggers a deliberate sense-making process, and (3) also biases this process by enhancing the retrieval of surprise-congruent information and expectancy-based hypothesis testing.
Reduction of Numerical Diffusion in FFD Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fast flow simulations are needed for some applications in building industry, such as the conceptual design of indoor environment or teaching of Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system design in classroom. Instead of pursuing high accuracy, those applications require only conceptual distributions of the flow but within a short computing time. To meet these special needs, a Fast Fluid Dynamics (FFD) method was proposed to provide fast airflow simulation with some compromise in accuracy. This study is to further improve the FFD method by reducing the numerical viscosity that is caused by a linear interpolation in its semi-Lagrangian solver. We propose a hybrid scheme of a linear and a third-order interpolation to reduce the numerical diffusion in low order scheme and the numerical dispersion in high order scheme. The FFD model with both linear and hybrid interpolations are evaluated by simulating four different indoor flows. The results show that the hybrid interpolation can significantly improve the accuracy of the FFD model with a small amount of extra computing time.
Eavesdropping Vulnerability and Countermeasure in Infrared Communication for IoT Devices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Infrared (IR) communication is one of the wireless communication methods mainly used to manipulate consumer electronics devices. Traditional IR devices support only simple operations such as changing TV channels. These days, consumer electronic devices such as smart TV are connected to the internet with the introduction of IoT. Thus, the user’s sensitive information such as credit card number and/or personal information could be entered with the IR remote. This situation raises a new problem. Since TV and the set-top box are visual media, these devices can be used to control and/or monitor other IoT devices at home. Therefore, personal information can be exposed to eavesdroppers. In this paper, we experimented with the IR devices’ reception sensitivity using remotes. These experiments were performed to measure the IR reception sensitivity in terms of distance and position between the device and the remote. According to our experiments, the transmission distance of the IR remote signal is more than 20 m. The experiments also revealed that curtains do not block infrared rays. Consequently, eavesdropping is possible to steal the user’s sensitive information. This paper proposes a simple, practical, and cost-effective countermeasure against eavesdropping, which does not impose any burden on users. Basically, encryption is used to prevent the eavesdropping. The encryption key is created by recycling a timer inside the microcontroller typically integrated in a remote. The key is regenerated whenever the power button on a remote is pressed, providing the limited lifecycle of the key. The evaluation indicates that the XOR-based encryption is practical and effective in terms of the processing time and cost.
Association Between Alzheimer Dementia Mortality Rate and Altitude in California Counties

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Between Alzheimer Dementia Mortality Rate and Altitude in California Countiesa The coefficient represents the change in the dementia-related death rate (per 100 000) for each doubling in altitude.A negative coefficient indicates lower rates at higher altitudes.b Sociodemographic variables are percentage female, percentage with college education, average income, and percentage white, black, Hispanic, and Asian.jamapsychiatry.com
Heliopause Electrostatic Rapid Transit System (HERTS)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A recent six month investigation focused on: "Determining the benefits of propelling a scientific spacecraft by an 'Electric Sail' propulsion system to the edge of our solar system (the Heliopause), a distance of 100 to 120 AU, in ten years or less" has recently been completed by the Advance Concepts Office at NASA's MSFC. The concept investigated has been named the Heliopause Electrostatic Rapid Transit System (HERTS) by the MSFC team. The HERTS is a revolutionary propellant-less propulsion concept that is ideal for deep space missions to the Outer Planets, Heliopause, and beyond. It is unique in that it uses momentum exchange from naturally occurring solar wind protons to propel a spacecraft within the heliosphere. The propulsion system consists of an array of electrically positively-biased wires that extend outward 20 km from a rotating (one revolution per hour) spacecraft. It was determined that the HERTS system can accelerate a spacecraft to velocities as much as two to three times that possible by any realistic extrapolation of current state-of-the-art propulsion technologies- including solar electric and solar sail propulsion systems. The data produced show that a scientific spacecraft could reach distances of 100AU in less than 10 years. Moreover, it can be reasonably expected that this system could be developed within a decade and provide meaningful Heliophysics Science and Outer Planetary Science returns in the 2025-2035 timeframe.