jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Conservative Treatment of Stage IA1 Cervical Carcinoma Without Lymphovascular Space Invasion: A 20-year Retrospective Study in Brazil

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate recurrence rates and risk factors among women with stage IA1 cervical cancer without lymph vascular space invasion managed conservatively. Methods: retrospective review of women with stage IA1 squamous cervical cancer who underwent cold knife cone or loop electrosurgical excision procedure, between 1994 and 2015, at a gynecologic oncology center in Southern Brazil. Age at diagnosis, pre-conization findings, conization method, margin status, residual disease, recurrence and survival rates were collected and analyzed. Results: 26 women diagnosed with stage IA1 squamous cervical cancer without lymphovascular space invasion underwent conservative management and had at least 12 months follow-up. The mean follow-up was 44.6 months. The mean age at diagnosis was 40.9 years. Median first intercourse occurred at age 16 years, 11.5% were nulliparous and 30.8% were current or past tobacco smokers. There was one Human immunodeficiency virus positive patient diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 at 30 months after surgery. However, there were no patients diagnosed with recurrent invasive cervical cancer and there were no deaths due to cervical cancer or other causes in the cohort. Conclusion: Excellent outcomes were noted in women with stage IA1 cervical cancer without lymphovascular space invasion and with negative margins who were managed conservatively, even in a developing country.
Sizable spin-transfer torque in the Bi/Ni80Fe20 bilayer film

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The search for efficient spin conversion in Bi has attracted great attention in spin–orbitronics. In the present work, we employ spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance to investigate spin conversion in Bi/Ni80Fe20(Py) bilayer films with a continuously varying Bi thickness. In contrast with previous studies, sizable spin-transfer torque (i.e., a sizable spin-conversion effect) is observed in the Bi/Py bilayer film. Considering the absence of spin conversion in Bi/yttrium–iron–garnet bilayers and the enhancement of spin conversion in the Bi-doped Cu, the present results indicate the importance of material combinations to generate substantial spin-conversion effects in Bi.
Generalized $\pi$ Fortescue Equivalent Admittance Matrix Approach to Power Flow Solution

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper develops a generalized admittance matrix approach in Fortescue coordinate system to solve unbalanced/unsymmetrical distribution networks including different number of phases. This generalized Fortescue π equivalent is defined in this paper for solving the heterogeneous phase, and thus Fortescue, network model. The performance of the approach is demonstrated in different model networks with number of nodes ranging between 168 and 14200. It is found that the current iteration method exploiting the decoupling in admittance matrix in Fortescue coordinate is substantially faster than the typical unbalanced three-phase solution in phase domain. The method has a significant potential for application in real time active power network management.
Do theatre staff use face masks in accordance with the manufacturers’ guidelines of use?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: Surgical face masks are worn by theatre staff to protect the surgical site from airborne contamination and the wearer from bodily fluid splash. This observational/audit aimed to assess whether theatre staff wear masks in accordance with manufacturers’/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines of use. Methods: A total of 1034 surgically scrubbed staff were assessed on their technique of applying surgical face masks, compared to the CDC guidelines as manufacturers’ guidelines were not available as per Health and Safety Executive guidelines. Results: Only 18% of surgically scrubbed staff fully complied with the CDC guidelines on the application of a face mask. Compliance was worst in urology, ophthalmology and vascular surgeons, whereas orthopaedic and plastic surgeons were the most compliant. Discussion: Compliance with CDC face mask guidelines may have an impact on surgical site infections (SSI) and protection of staff from body fluid splash, but most staff do not comply with these guidelines. Conclusions: Most operating theatre staff do not apply a face mask using correct technique, outlined in CDC guidance, which may increase SSI rates. Staff are not aware of existing guidelines for donning a mask.
A inverse scattering technique for objects buried in planar layered media based on an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The problem of reconstructing three-dimensional objects buried in layered media is addressed in this paper. A numerical approach which is based on an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm(EDA) is proposed. The reconstruction is obtained from the iterative inversion method that minimizes the cost function by using EDA, where the cost function is defined as the squared magnitude of the difference between the measured fields and the calculated fields from the assumed profile of the object. Numerical result shows these methods are capable of reconstructing an arbitrary 3D inhomogeneous object buried in a multilayered medium.
Evaluation of the left ventricular reserve by dynamic exercise echocardiography after surgery for valvular heart diseases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dynamic ergometer exercise in a supine position was applied to 64 patients more than 1 year after valvular heart surgery, and the left ventricular reserve was evaluated echocardiographically. The left ventricular reserve declined in the mitral stenosis-mitral valve replacement group, while it was better maintained in the mitral stenosis-mitral commissurotomy, aortic regurgitation and aortic stenosis groups. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on whether the percentage increase during exercise of stroke index, an index of left ventricular pump function, increased, unchanged, or decreased. The percentage increase of mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening (y) and that of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (x) during exercise were plotted for each group. The increased group was isolated from the unchanged group by the line of y = -5.02x + 30.1; the unchanged group was isolated from the decreased group by that of y = -5.68x-10.0, and the increased and unchanged groups were clearly isolated from the decreased group by that of y = -6.86x-4.76. We conclude that dynamic ergometer exercise echocardiography is useful for evaluating the left ventricular reserve of postoperative patients with valvular heart disease. It was also thought that the subclinical state of cardiac failure can be effectively detected by the present method.
Baseline glucocorticoids alone do not predict reproductive success across years but in interaction with enzymatic antioxidants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Glucocorticoids are known to adjust organismal functions, such as metabolism, in response to environmental conditions. Therefore, these hormones are thought to play a key role in regulating the metabolically demanding aspects of reproduction, especially in variable environments. However, support for the hypothesis that variation in glucocorticoid concentrations predicts reproductive success is decidedly mixed. Two explanations may account for this discrepancy: a) glucocorticoids might not act independently but could interact with other physiological traits, jointly influencing reproduction, and b) such an association could become apparent primarily in challenging environments when glucocorticoid concentrations increase. To address these two possibilities, we determined natural variation in circulating baseline glucocorticoid concentrations in parental great tits (Parus major) alongside two physiological systems known to be related to an individual's metabolism: oxidative status parameters (i.e., concentrations of pro-oxidants, dietary, and enzymatic antioxidants) and body condition. These systems interact with glucocorticoids and can also influence reproductive success. We measured these variables in two breeding seasons that differed in environmental conditions. When accounting for the interaction of baseline glucocorticoids with other physiological traits, we found a positive relationship between baseline glucocorticoids and the number of fledglings in adult great tits. The strength of this relationship was more pronounced for those individuals who also had high concentrations of the enzymatic antioxidant glutathione peroxidase. When studied independently, glucocorticoids were not related to fitness proxies, even in the year with more challenging environmental conditions. Together, our study lends to support the hypothesis that glucocorticoids do not influence fitness alone, but in association with other physiological systems
Effects of ageing on the electrical characteristics of Zn/ZnS/n-GaAs/In structure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Zn/ZnS/n-GaAs/In structure has been fabricated by the Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method and the influence of the time dependent or ageing on the characteristic parameters are examined. The current-voltage (I-V) of the structure have been measured immediately, 1, 3, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150 and 165 days after fabrication of this structure. The characteristics parameters of this structure such as barrier height, ideality factor, series resistance are calculated from the I-V measurements. It has been seen that the changes of characteristic parameters such as barrier height, ideality factor and series resistance of Zn/ZnS/n-GaAs/In structure have lightly changed with increasing ageing time.
SYMBOLIC AI AND GÖDEL'S ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Over the past decade, variants of Gödel's ontological arguments have been critically examined using modern symbolic AI technology. Computers have unearthed new insights about them and even contributed to the exploration of new, simplified variants of the argument, which now need to be further investigated by theologians and philosophers. In this article, I provide a brief, informal overview of these contributions and engage in a discussion of the possible future role of AI technology for the rigorous assessment of arguments in theology and philosophy.
Laboratory Experiments on Statistics of Shoaling Finite Amplitude Waves

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The formation, growth and increase in the frequency of extreme waves over the coast has been consistently observed and reproduced in laboratory experiments in recent years. On the other hand, as soon as waves reach the surfzone, a new regime comes into play where sub-Gaussian wave statistics dominate, as described by Glukhovskiy-type of height distributions. Dealing with a wave field transitioning from steady-state to out-of-equilibrium conditions due to a steep shoal, available theories can model the rogue wave amplification near shallow water regimes before the surf zone. Nevertheless, theoretical work to date has also been limited to small amplitude waves, thus, far from a wave breaking regime. To connect these two regimes (prior to and post the surf zone), we experimentally probe inhomogeneous finite amplitude wave fields that overlap both.
The Book of ʿAlī (A) ( Kitābū ʿAlī ): Al-Jāmiʿah

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT: All renowned Shi‘a authors of hadith have reported that with the Imams was a book written by the Commander of the Faithful, Imam ʿAlī (A) and dictated by the Prophet Muhammad (S), which contained the whole body of religious knowledge and all rulings of sharia . Al-Kulaynī reports from Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq, the third descendant of Imam Ḥusayn (A), saying with us is al-Jāmiʿah ; it is dictation of the Prophet (S) from his two lips and writing of ʿAlī (A) by his very hand. In it is the knowledge of all Halal (whatever is allowed) and Haram (whatever is forbidden) and whatever the people may need,… and hence it is named al-Jāmiʿah , ‘The Comprehensive Book’. Apart from al-Jāmiʿah , there are different other books attributed to Imam ʿAlī (A), namely, Kitābū ʿAlī (A), Ṣaḥīfah al-ʿitq and simply al-Ṣaḥīfah . This article explores the validity and the meaning of these reports and tries to identify each of these writings. It further examines if these writings were separate entities written on different occasions or simply different names for the same book.
Risk Approach strategy in MCH Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A prospective community based study was conducted in the field practice area Sirur of B.J Medical College, Pune. All pregnancies and births in the 48,000-study population were identified. Screening of risk among pregnant mothers and newborn babies was undertaken periodically with the help of trained health workers by house to house visit. Extra care to â€˜at riskâ€ individuals was planned in the existing health care pattern. A significant reduction in perinatal, neonatal and infant mortality rates over a four-year period was observed after application of the risk approach strategy.
Commerce, Genius, and De Quincey’s Literary Identity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In his magazine essays in the 1820s, Thomas De Quincey offers himself as a genius whose status is assured by his distance from the commercial market. Such cultural maneuvering is representative of a strain in Romanticism that has been stridently critiqued in New Historicist criticism in the last twenty-five years. The very insistence with which De Quincey made such claims tended to characterize him as a magazine “personality,” providing a legible, and hence saleable, commercial product. The effort was paradoxical from the first. By insisting on his separation from the print market, De Quincey integrated himself into it.
Applying Matching Theory and Preference Ordering to University and Industry Partnerships

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We examine network members’ collaboration preferences between and within academic and commercial organizations that are members of a UK-based Knowledge Transfer Network in the plastics electronics sector. By introducing conjoint analysis to innovation studies, we provide insights into the relative importance of various task and partner characteristics of potential collaborations in determining preferences. Research funding is found to be the most important predictor of network members’ preferences to collaborate, but its effect is moderated by firm size, prior experience and the goal of the collaboration. We suggest that the desire to control and diminish both behavioural and outcome uncertainty explains these moderating effects.
Factors affecting the link between physical discipline and child externalizing problems in Black and White families

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We examined contextual factors that may affect the impact of physical discipline on later child behavior problems among high-risk Black and White families. We examined race, parental warmth, and early child problems as potential moderators of the discipline–behavior problem link. The sample included 442 White and Black children and their caregivers interviewed at ages 4, 6, and 8 years. Results indicated that physical discipline operated similarly across the groups, leading to increased externalizing problems only when children demonstrated behavioral problems early on. However, while warm parental attitudes protected against later problems among White children, these attitudes exacerbated early problems in Black children. These findings suggest both racial variability and generalizability in the effects of parenting on child adjustment. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Applying Lasers For Productivity And Quality

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The laser, with its intense beam of focused pure light, precisely controlled and moved by computer, is being increasingly used for processing aircraft gas turbine engine components. Pratt & Whitney uses both solid state and gas lasers for a variety of applications including welding, cutting, hole drilling, hardfacing, and marking of parts for identification. Laser processing provides increased productivity and reduced cost compared to conventional methods. Specific uses of lasers in gas turbine fabrication are described and compared against the prior method of manufacture. Tooling approaches and metallurgical effects associated with various laser processes are also discussed.
New Developments Concerning the Industrial Noise Problem

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Because interest in industrial noise appears to be continuing there is need to train those who have responsibilities with this problem. There exists today adequate educational sources, Research continues to shed more light on the relationship between noise exposure and hearing loss, and allows the development of more dependable criteria. However, the author cautions that present criteria must be used with judgment. It appears that this country is approaching the acceptance of a single definition for hearing impairment and this definition is being included in compensation laws. The devices and techniques used for evaluating and controlling noises are constantly improving.
Gonorrhea Screening in Male Consorts of Women With Pelvic Infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from 39% of male contacts of women with acute gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); 22% of these men were asymptomatic. More than half of those women with gonococcal PID had at least one male sexual consort with gonorrhea. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from 15% of male contacts of women with nongonococcal PID; 30% were asymptomatic. Since a substantial number of male contacts of women with acute PID will have cultures positive for N gonorrhoeae and are asymptomatic, all male sexual consorts should be examined and have cultures grown for gonorrhea.
Enzyme immunoassay measurements of the molting hormone in different post-embryonic stages of two mosquito species, Culex pipiens and Culiseta longiareolata

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Due to their large geographical distribution, abundance and harmfulness, Culex pipiens L. and Culiseta longiareolata Macquart are the two most remarkable mosquito species in Algeria. The nature and the level of ecdysteroids from whole body extracts of different post-embryonic stages of the two mosquito species was made by an enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) using two specific antibodies, the rat monoclonal EC 19 antibody showing a high affinity for 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and the rabbit polyclonal B antibody with a strong affinity for ecdysone (E). EIA measurements confirmed the presence of two main hormones in the two mosquito species: E and 20E. Moreover, there is a predominance of 20E.
The Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Myxedema

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Myxedema is characterized by a mucinous edema of connective tissues including the skin. The chemistry and physical properties of the mesenchymal fluids such as the synovia, 9 the fluids of the eye, 7 and the inner ear, 8 as well as of connective tissue ground substance 10 are changed. The acid mucopolysaccharides, preferably hyaluronic acid, determines the mucinous character of all mesenchymal fluids. Hyaluronic acid has a strong water-binding capacity. It keeps the water content of the mentioned fluids and the skin. The substance is contained in the cytoplasmic granules of mast cells, and the release takes place as a degranulation.4 A physiologic degranulation of mast cells may be brought about by an extracellular edema. If the increase of tissue water is just moderate, only few granules are extruded; if intense, a complete degranulation may take place. In leaving the cell, the substance does not maintain the morphologic character of
Polarimetric target matrix decompositions and the 'Karhunen-Loeve expansion'

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This contribution is concerned with polarimetric target matrix decomposition theorems for incoherent backscattering from distributed targets described by complex random 2/spl times/2 Sinclair matrices. The polarimetric covariance matrix concept is used to establish connections between the target decomposition theorems of Cloude and Barnes-Holm and the classical Karhunen-Loeve expansion of discrete random processes.
DISTRIBUTION OF Ω-1-METHYL- FATTY ACIDS REGARDING TO CAPSAICINOIDS CONTENT IN FRUITS AND PLANTS OF CAPSICUM

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Capsaicinoids, the pungent compounds of Capsicum (Chili) fruits, are amides of vanillylamine with ω-1-methyl-fatty acids of nine to eleven carbons. Isotopic studies have revealed that vanillylamine come from phenylalanine via the phenylpropanoid pathway, while the ω-1-methyl-fatty acids come from valine or leucine via isobutyrate or isovalerate, but the intermediate biochemical steps of the biosynthesis of these fatty acids are still obscure. Furthermore, there is no clear experimental evidence for the presence of these ω-1-methylated fatty acids precursors of capsaicinoids in fruits or other tissues of Capsicum plants. The objective of this study was to investigate by HPLC and GC/MS the presence and distribution of these branched fatty acids in fruits and biomass of cell cultures from several species of Capsicum in relation to the content of capsaicinoids. Capsaicinoids were detected exclusively in placental tissue and in biomass of cell suspension cultures. Its content regarding to the ripening stage of the fruits showed a typical growth pattern, reaching a stationary phase of accumulation during its transition from green to the final color, characteristic of each species. Interestingly, ω-1-methylated fatty acids were positively detected in tiny amounts in the placental tissue, but also in other parts of the fruit, and putatively in leaves adjacent to the peduncle of fruits
Optical camera communications: practical constraints, applications, potential challenges, and future directions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile wireless communications mainly rely on radio frequency to transmit data. However, its congested spectrum cannot meet the growing requirements for future high data rate applications. Recently, optical wireless communication techniques have opened up a vast optical spectrum and emerged as a cost-effective and practical alternative to congested radio frequency wireless technologies. As a supplementary technique of high-speed optical wireless communication, optical camera communication has become very attractive due to recent developments in communications hinging on camera or image sensors in smart devices with low implementation complexity. In conjunction with its ubiquity in consumer electronics such as pads and smartphones, optical camera communication takes advantage of an image sensor or camera in areas such as intelligent transportation, vehicular communication, motion capture, indoor localization, and the Internet of Things. Optical camera communication and visible light communication are considered in IEEE 802.15.7m standardization. Optical camera communication based on camera and organic/inorganic light emitting diodes offers localization and low-rate transmission in indoor as well as outdoor applications. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of optical camera communication, principles, and recent standardization activities. This survey covers multiple aspects of optical camera communication such as transceivers, multiple-input and multiple-output, and diversity. It outlines various applications of optical camera communication. It also addresses some practical constraints, modulation schemes, and error correction coding techniques for optical camera communication systems. Finally, in the last section of this survey, potential challenges and future research directions are presented.