jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Homocysteine As A Marker for Predicting Disease Severity in Patients with Covid-19

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Our study was designed on the hypothesis that homocysteine levels are a prognostic parameter that can predict the severity of COVID-19 disease. Materials & methods: 117 COVID-19 patients and 34 non COVID-19 individuals were included in the study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed for homocysteine, D-dimer and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) levels. Results: According to the ROC analysis, in COVID-19 patients group, Area under curve (AUC) values were 0.835 for homocysteine, 0.859 for D-dimer and 0.882 for MLR. According to the ROC analysis, in which homocysteine, MLR and D-dimer parameters were evaluated together, AUC values were 0.951 in the mild disease group, 1000 in severe disease group and 0.967 in COVID-19 patients group. Conclusion: It was concluded that homocysteine level is an important parameter in the follow-up of COVID-19 disease.
[After diagnosing melanoma in a patient: evaluation of risks of second melanoma and melanoma in the family].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Le melanome malin cutane (MMC) est le cancer dont l'incidence augmente le plus rapidement. Dans certains pays, et pour une tranche d'âge de 20 a 40 ans, il apparait comme une cause importante de mort. Bien que cet accroissement soit partiellement imputable au diagnostic precoce favorise par le depistage systematique et les campagnes publiques de sensibilisation, l'augmentation de l'incidence est toutefois bien reelle. Facteurs individuels et caracteristiques de l'environnement ont tous deux un role specifique dans le developpement du MMC. Le nombre eleve de naevus, avec ou sans atypies cliniques, le phototype cutane clair associe a la sensibilite solaire et au nombre d'accidents solaires, apparaissent comme des facteurs de risques majeurs pour ce type de cancer cutane. La reconnaissance de formes familiales de MMC, comme la survenue chez un meme patient de deux ou plusieurs MMC, sont egalement des facteurs de risques aggravants. A partir de l'analyse bibliographique des etudes epidemiologiques disponibles, realisees pour la plupart dans des pays a tres haute incidence de melanome, et a partir d'une etude personnelle realisee sur une population « moyenne » en France, on peut mieux definir les risques de deuxieme melanome chez un patient presentant un MMC et les risques encourus par un ou plusieurs membres de sa famille de presenter un MMC.
Expert comments on “Acute limb ischemia secondary to popliteal artery thrombosis following total knee arthroplasty – Limb salvage by endovascular therapy”

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Authors describe a single case report of endovascular therapy for acute limb ischemia secondary to popliteal artery thrombosis.[1] Authors should be complemented for the technical success. Injuries to popliteal artery while not uncommon will carry devastating consequences if unattended. I have a few comments to be considered by the authors. Managing a class 2B ischemia will need a team-based approach. While one can understand the limitations of a health system, it would still be appropriate for this patient to have been cared at a higher level of care where all the resources are available for the best possible outcome for the patient. Authors make an argument for lack of resources as the reason to choose the endovascular therapy; however, if one were to consider the described angiographic findings, there is a likely possibility of an embolic event that may have occurred during the procedure. Recorded slow flow as well as enclosed angiographic images attest to the fact that there was likely distal embolization. I would also caution one regarding "Dottering the lesion" in an acute thrombotic lesion as described here, as there is a significant possibility of one having an embolic complication. I did not see any comments from the authors about the possibility of compartment syndrome as I suspect that the patient likely had this complication due to foot drop being mentioned in the manuscript. While authors have a limb salvage (with foot drop), this should not be considered as an alternative and should not be a standard of care unless resources exist to manage immediate complications resulting from endovascular therapy.
Bibliographic element extraction from scanned documents using conditional random fields

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Bibliographic databases are indispensable to digital libraries for academic articles. However, extracting bibliographic elements from printed documents requires a lot of human intervention; it is not cost-effective, even when using various document image-processing techniques such as optical character recognition (OCR). In this paper, we propose an automatic bibliographic element extraction method for academic articles scanned with OCR markup. The proposed method first labels text blocks as predetermined bibliographic elements and then further labels the characters in each labeled text block if necessary. The second labeling enables us to extract each authorpsilas name from the authorspsila text block. The method uses conditional random fields (CRF) for labeling both text blocks and the characters in them. We applied the method to Japanese academic articles. The experiments showed that the proposed text block labeling correctly extracted all the predefined bibliographic elements from more than 97% of the articles; the proposed character labeling also correctly extracted all the author name strings from more than 99% of the authorspsila text blocks in Japanese.
Statistical analysis of position-fixing general theory for systems with gaussian errors

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The paper describes an extension of an earlier theory of position fixing in three dimensions, developed to permit the consideration of systems for which the positional errors of the position-fixing planes are not statistically independent. The general theory is based on the assumption that the position selected is the ‘maximum likelihood’ point, and relatively simple expressions are derived for the mean-square errors in the co-ordinates of this point. Covariance expression are also derived. Two examples of possible practical systems are used to illustrate the value of the theory in system studies.
Osteoid osteoma in a three-year-old child--a case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteoid osteoma is an uncommon tumour in the very young. We present a case of osteoid osteoma in a three-year-old boy, who was treated as a case of sclerosing osteomyelitis of the femur. Because of persistent pain and lack of response to treatment, further radiological investigation confirmed the diagnosis to be that of an osteoid osteoma.
Effect of oxalic acid on the mite Varroa destructor and its host the honey bee Apis mellifera

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Here, we study the effect of oxalic acid on isolated varroa mites and on varroa mites parasitizing caged honey bees treated with oxalic acid per os or topically (by trickling or by sublimation). We also study the effect of oxalic acid (trickling and sublimation) on individual bees, focusing on their lifespan, midgut morphology and function, and Malpighian tubule morphology. Effect on mites: contact of isolated mites with oxalic acid coated surface (Petri dishes treated by sublimation) significantly decreased mite viability. In an experiment on varroa mites parasitizing caged bees treated with oxalic acid, the strongest acaricidal effect was observed following oral application and the lowest when oxalic acid was applied through sublimation. Effect on bees: oxalic acid applied by sublimation did not decrease bee lifespan over the 21 days of observation contrary to trickling, where a nonsignificant lifespan decrease was observed. Topical application of oxalic acid increased the rate of midgut cell apoptosis, with a stronger statistically significant effect seen in the group treated by trickling. However, neither trickling nor sublimation caused epithelial destruction in the midgut and Malpighian tubules or loss of digestive tract function.
Papers That Work: Migration Brokers, State/Market Boundaries, and the Place of Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract State discourses on smuggling and trafficking are regulatory technologies that seek to institute moral hierarchies between institutions by villanizing third‐party mediators as dangerous criminals. This article instead studies high‐risk migration and illegality through the actions of migration brokers and from the perspective of aspiring migrants in a place of departure. Seeking to overcome the legal/illegal divide by focusing on interactions at socially constructed state/market boundaries, the article asks two questions: What is the role of legality for aspiring migrants? And what role do states play in the emergence of migration brokers? Based on seventeen months of ethnographic fieldwork in Anglophone Cameroon, between 2007 and 2013, and a case study of two migration brokers, the article demonstrates, first, that aspiring migrants evaluate migration brokers and travel documents in terms of their powers and efficiency, and, second, how migration brokers enact state‐like forms and activities.
Detection and drug resistance of β-lactamase in 108 strains of Acinetobacter baumanii

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the clinical distribution,production and drug resistance of β-lactamase in nosocomial infection.Methods:The distribution and the drug resistance of 108 strains of Acinetobacter baumanii causing nosocomial infection were analyzed retrospectively.β-lactamase,cephalosporinase and extended spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs)were detected by Nitrocefin test,3-dimension test and disc agar diffusion method,respectively.Results:The detection rates of Acinetobacter baumanii in ICU wards and neurosurgery wards were 63.89% and 11.11%,respectively.Acinetobacter baumanii was detected in 77.78% of the sputum samples and 12.96% of the secretion samples.The bacteria were resistant to most common antibiotics,and the rate of multiple-resistance was 88.89%.Eleven ESBLs bacteria and 78 cephalosporinase bacteria were detected in the 108 strains of Acinetobacter baumanii,accounting for 10.19% and 72.22%,respectively,and the positive rate of β-lactamase bacteria detected was 100.00%.Conclusions:Acinetobacter baumannii are the major opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in hospital infection.They are highly resistant to routine antimicrobial agents and even multi-drug resistant.The strains producing β-lactamase are the prominent cause of multi-drug resistance.Antimicrobial agents should be used rationally to decrease multi-drug resistance.
Food Policy in Besieged Leningrad (1941–1944)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article deals with the problems of supplying Leningrad residents with food in the conditions of the blockade during the Great Patriotic War. In September 1941, a consistent decrease in the norms for issuing products by cards began. The caloric content of food has significantly decreased, their quality has deteriorated. Difficulties in supplying the population led to the spread of food theft and caused an increase in speculation. At the same time, the limited food funds allocated by the State to supply civilians did not allow them to fully meet their food needs. A significant reduction in the range of food products and everyday items, the transition to a system of standardized distribution, extremely low calorie content of food and a decrease in its consumption became characteristic features of the war period.
Forensic perspectives in general psychiatry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This chapter provides key information about forensic psychiatry. Legal aspects of mental health are complex, with far-reaching implications for patients and clinicians. While some legal aspects of medical care require the intervention of specialists in psychiatry and the law (forensic psychiatrists), every doctor will encounter, and needs to manage, legal aspects of medical and psychiatric care in their daily work. While every jurisdiction has specific laws, common concepts exist across all jurisdictions. This introductory guide for medical students, accordingly, will focus on subjects that any doctor is likely to encounter, namely: • How to assess capacity. • Treatment without consent. • Confidentiality and when it may need to be breached. • Principles of ‘risk’ assessment. Practical tips include how to avoid breaching confidentiality and key features in treatment without consent.
Entrepreneurial attitude and business success

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study was carried out to observe the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude (that is measured through achievement and innovation) and success in business (as rated by the respondents). It also aimed at finding out if each of these two variables is affected by gender. To respond to these queries, the study addressed decision-makers in pharmaceutical outlets. A set of questionnaire was distributed to 131 respondents and 56 of them were analyzed using correlations coefficient, percentages and t-tests. The major findings were: there is moderate relationship between entrepreneurial attitude and business success; there are gender differences when attitude is measured through achievement-affect; and all respondents have low scores when attitude is measured through innovation-behaviour. Based on the findings, the writer has made some recommendations.
Valuation of Rice Farmersâ€™ Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Climate-Smart Agricultural Technologies in Southeast, Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper sought to investigate the valuation of rice farmersâ€™ preferences and willingness to pay for climate-smart agricultural technologies in Southeast Nigeria. Two objectives and one hypothesis guided the conduct of the study. The examination of rice farmersâ€™ willingness-To-Pay (WTP) for improved CSA technology services revealed greater proportion of the respondents to be strongly not willing to pay for over 77.8% of the CSA technologies while barely 7.4% were mildly willing to pay. Rice farmers were strongly not willing to pay for the following CSA technologies: rainwater harvesting, cover crops method, directed seeded rice, systems of rice intensification, use of solar pumps, etc, while the CSA technologies they were mildly willing to pay for are drip irrigation and drainage management. The major reason for respondentâ€™s unwillingness to pay were: poverty (2.0%) and CSA technologies as the responsibility of the Government to farmers within the state (5.0%). For the estimated willingness to pay value, the mean monthly minimum WTP in South-East was estimated at â‚¦5176.7123 while the mean monthly maximum WTP for rice farmers was estimated as â‚¦10,926.95. Water-smart technologies (76.8%) was mostly preferred CSA technology. Based on the ordered probit regression analysis of factors influencing willingness to pay for CSA technology, primary occupation (X5), access to credit (X8) and distance to market (X12) were found to be significant. The study recommended that rice farmers should adapt to climate change, natural resource pressure and contribute to mitigating climate change.
Thermoelectric Plants and Water Consumption in the State of Rio de Janeiro: Challenges and Solutions for A Sustainable Energy Matrix

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Objective: This study aims to investigate the potential of the state of Rio de Janeiro to lead the national energy transition, focusing on the diversification of the energy matrix and the reduction of water consumption associated with thermoelectric plants. Method: The methodology adopted for this research includes a bibliographic review and data analysis from institutional sources to map the state's energy matrix and assess the impact of thermoelectric plants on water consumption. Results and Discussion: The study revealed an energy matrix largely dependent on fossil fuels, especially natural gas. Despite advances in the adoption of renewable sources, water consumption by thermoelectric plants remains high. The research discusses the technological, environmental, and social challenges for a sustainable transition, highlighting initiatives such as the use of solar and offshore wind energy. Research Implications: The implications of this study lie in highlighting the strategies of the state of Rio de Janeiro to take a leading role in the Brazilian energy transition, focusing on reducing water consumption in thermoelectric plants and diversifying the energy matrix. Originality/Value: This study stands out for consolidating and analyzing data from various official institutional sources, previously scattered across public and technical platforms. This integrated approach provides a comprehensive view of water consumption and energy generation, highlighting Rio de Janeiro's strategic role in mitigating environmental impacts.
The use of fluoroscopy in the identification of Homeland War victims from 2001 to 2008

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim. Aim of the study was to investigate the importance and value of fluoroscopy usage during the identification process of Homeland War victims from 2001 to 2008. Subjects and methods. We reviewed autopsy records of all war victims processed at our Department between 2001 and 2008. Out of 984 cases, in 320 fluoroscopy were performed. Description of their forensic analysis is presented. For the purpose of the fluoroscopy the Department of Forensic Medicine and Criminology is equipped with fluoroscope with an electronic image intensifier producing visible images on a TV monitor ready for printout on a printer (General Electric Co. ; Stenoscope 2, 6000/9000 C.C.D.-M.D.A.) Results. Between 320 bodies, which underwent fluoroscopy, 141 were completely or partly skeletonized, 175 developed complete or partial formation of adipocere. In 4 cases the state of body preservation was unmarked. The indisputable cause of death was established in 145 cases, in 114 cases the presumptive cause of death were established, while in 61 cases the cause of death was unknown. Among the known cause of death there were 107 gunshot injuries, explosive injuries in 87 cases, their combination in 12 cases. In 53 cases, others causes of death were determined (trauma of head and trunk, crush of head and trunk, multiple injuries etc.). The perimortal fracture (head, limbs, thorax, pelvis, multiple fractures) were confirmed in 96 body remains. The fluoroscopy findings of old fractures, bone deformations, prosthesis, pacemakers, dentures, which were found in 45 cases, were helpful in establishing identity. Finally the identity was affirmed in 207 cases. Conclusions. The fluoroscopy is invaluable in the identification process in confirmation of cause of death, particularly in the cases where the body remains developed adipocere formation and where the missiles and fragments of bombshells were found. Also, the fluoroscopy contributed to identity validation where the different body alterations were discovered. So, the participation of radiologist and radiology technician in the identification team is necessary.
Detection of Gluteal Changes Using Ultrasound Imaging During Phases of Gait in Individuals With Medial Knee Displacement

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Context: Medial knee displacement (MKD) is a common risk factor for lower-extremity injury and is related to altered gluteal muscle activity. Ultrasound imaging (USI) is a reliable means to explore mechanical muscle activity; however, no information exists regarding USI of the gluteals during gait in an MKD population. Objective: To determine differences in USI gluteal muscle activity during gait in individuals with and without MKD. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: University research laboratory. Participants: Out of 28 participants, 14 exhibiting MKD unilaterally during a single-leg squat (19.36 [1.51] y, 169.73 [7.50] cm, and 62.01 [10.57] kg; 10 females) and 14 matched non-MKD subjects (20.29 [1.73] y, 167.24 [9.07] cm, and 67.53 [16.03] kg). Interventions: Bilateral B-mode USI of the gluteus maximus (Gmax) and gluteus medius (Gmed) muscles during quiet stance, heel strike, and a 10-second treadmill walking clip. Main Outcome Measures: Gluteal thickness measures normalized to quiet stance yielded activity ratios, and percentage of muscle thickness change was assessed between heel strike and quiet stance. Differences between groups were assessed with Cohen's d effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals. Activity ratios with 90% confidence intervals plotted on 10% intervals from 0% to 100% of gait were used to compare groups and limbs. A subsample of images was measured to determine intertester reliability. Results: USI revealed decreased Gmax and Gmed percent change at heel strike (%change = -9.57% [7.15%] and -8.76% [4.26%], respectively). The MKD limb compared with the contralateral limb exhibited decreased Gmed activity ratio at 30% of gait (MKD = 0.89 [0.056]; non-MKD = 1.01 [.052]). Intertester reliability was excellent for gluteus maximus (intraclass correlation coefficient = .987 [.014]) and Gmed (intraclass correlation coefficient = .989 [.013]) measurements. Conclusions: USI highlighted gluteal activity differences of MKD limbs during gait, which may contribute to inadequate hip stabilization during this daily repetitive task. These findings potentiate the use of USI as an intervention- or screening-based visual tool.
Biological features of Crocus speciosus M. Bieb. (Iridaceae family)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The paper presents the results of studying the decorative species Crocus speciosus. Some features of the formation and development of male and female generative spheres are presented. It is shown that the formed anther wall is generated by the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum. The wall of the mature anther is formed by the epidermis, fibrous endothecium with fibrous thickening, and a tapetal spathella with sporopollenin orbicles. Analysis of mature pollen grains showed a rather high proportion of normal pollen grains (80%), which under favorable conditions indicates a high ability to effectively pollinate. The characteristics of the female generative sphere are also shown: three-celled ovary; anatropic, bitegmal, funicular, crassinucellate ovule; linear tetrad of megaspores; Polygonum-type of embryonic sac development. The processes of flowering, pollination and seed formation are described.