jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Airbag Deployment and Tinnitus Emergence Following Car crash, a Case Report and a Brief Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Automatic airbag deployment during car accidents undoubtedly plays a vital role in preventing injuries. However, it may occasionally lead to aural damage, including noise-induced hearing loss, tympanic membrane perforation, and tinnitus. Here, we present a case of left curtain airbag deployment immediately following a low-speed car accident, which resulted in the driver experiencing tinnitus. In addition to the case presentation, we have included a brief literature review on potential otologic and nonotologic injuries caused by airbags
MBE grown GaInNAs solar cells for multijunction applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Triple-junction cells composed of III-V materials currently hold the world record for photovoltaic efficiency. In order to further increase cell efficiency in the future 4- and 5-junction cells incorporating a sub-cell with a bandgap of roughly 1.0 eV will be required. In this study 1.0 eV bandgap GaInNAs devices grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy are investigated in terms of materials quality and device performance that show similar or better properties to the best MOVPE grown devices found in the literature. Deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements illustrate that the trap concentrations in the GaInNAs material are significantly lower than that of MOVPE grown material. The internal quantum efficiency (43%), open-circuit voltage (450 mV), short-circuit current density (25.76 mA/cm/sup 2/) and fill-factor (56.4%) of the GaInNAs devices under 1-sun power density 1064 nm radiation are similar to or surpass the properties of the best MOVPE GaInNAs devices found in the literature.
George Lyell and Frederick Parkhurst Dodd: authority and expertise in nineteenth-century Australian entomology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article focuses on the correspondence and careers of two lepidopterists, George Lyell and F. P. Dodd. Drawing on Dodd’s unpublished letters to Lyell during the late nineteenth-century rage for butterflying, it examines how private acquisition gave way to the professional activity of collecting and, in Lyell’s case, the eventual gifting of a large and significant collection of moths and butterflies to the National Museum of Victoria from 1932 through to 1946. The article also examines how issues of authority and expertise were measured and contested among collectors in this period.
sj-pdf-6-isp-10.1177_0020764020981604 – Supplemental material for Social relationship quality, depression and inflammation: A cross-cultural longitudinal study in the United States and Tokyo, Japan

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-6-isp-10.1177_0020764020981604 for Social relationship quality, depression and inflammation: A cross-cultural longitudinal study in the United States and Tokyo, Japan by Benjamin Kaveladze, Allison Diamond Altman, Meike Niederhausen, Jennifer M Loftis and Alan R Teo in International Journal of Social Psychiatry
Athletic amenorrhea, major affective disorders, and eating disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

While studying amenorrheic runners, the authors became aware of psychiatric differences between them. Psychiatric interviews of 13 amenorrheic and 19 regularly menstruating runners revealed that of the amenorrheic runners, 11 reported major affective disorders in themselves or in first- and second-degree relatives and eight reported eating disorders in themselves. Among the regularly menstruating runners, however, there were no eating disorders or major affective disorders, and only one had first-degree relatives with major affective disorders. These data suggest a link between athletic amenorrhea in runners, major affective disorders, and eating disorders.
Human Internal Auditory Canal

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THE INTERNAL auditory canal had been studied by various authors1-4to establish normal anatomy and its variations in the same and different indivduals. The methods previously employed were mainly conventional roentgenography, laminography, and histological sections. The configuration of the canal prevented any direct examination of its dimensions which is most desirable. The silicone rubber medical grade elastomer (Silastic R 382) afforded us an opportunity to make exact casts of the canals. These casts presented an all dimensional picture of the canals.

Materials and Methods

Fifteen paired ears were removed from white and Negro cadavers, and were labelled in order. The internal auditory canals were cleaned, removing all their contents, and were painted with medical fluid (R 360 medical fluid 20 centistokes) under magnification of the dissecting microscope. The silicone rubber medical grade elastomer (nine parts), was mixed with medical fluid (one part). The resultant mixture was treated with the
Dentistry in the future--on the role and goal of basic research in oral biology.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Examination of the state of affairs of oral biology cannot be endeavoured without considering the mutual interactions and interdependencies of sciences, and without considering the impact human acts will exert on these developments. Oral biology deals with the biochemical, chemical, molecular biologic, general biologic and physical aspects of all processes that take place in the oral cavity, in the masticatory organ, and in tissues and body fluids that are associated with the above processes. Oral biology also reaps the harvest sown by (other) basic sciences. From the methodological point of view, oral biology is indistinguishable from basic sciences; it is the anatomical object that makes it specific. Oral biology cannot be regarded as "big science" (i.e. compared with the human genome project, space research, AIDS research etc.). This fact may preserve the attractiveness of oral biology. Important science--this concerns oral biology as well--still emerges in smaller settings, although there are omens that large research cartels will swallow larger and larger portions of research appropriations. A key to staying competitive is to use new science sources and--in some cases--to join bigger groups. Once upon a time oral biologists--or scientists in general--assumed that a record of solid accomplishments was sufficient to maintain research support. Today, in several countries, politics and public visibility unfortunately determine the funding privileges. Provided that human operations on earth will render future development of sciences possible, the future of oral biology will depend 1) on concomitant development in the above basic fields, and 2) on innovations in the individual psyches. This combination will unravel the structure of genes involved in the development and metabolism of oral processes, clone important salivary and connective tissue proteins, and control most important oral diseases. To achieve these goals, oral biology must attract young talent and funding must be made available. There is no shortcut, however. Individual efforts and persistent labouring at the laboratory bench will still remain prerequisites. Although successful prevention of certain oral diseases, such as dental caries, may be possible in certain regions of the Earth, the prospects are much gloomier globally.
Computational Analysis of Bifurcation of Raghuganga Hydropower Project

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Computational analysis is the modern design optimization tool used widely for determining the effect of different loading parameters where operating conditions and geometry are complex for manual solutions to execute. This study has great significance in the design and optimization of penstock branches as the ancient technology used for the design has least chance of having minimum head loss and good structural strength at the same time. Bifurcation of Raghuganga Hydropower Project of 40 MW installed capacity is chosen for this study in which, head loss, velocity and pressure distribution and stress distribution around the branching regions have been observed by varying the angle of cone of bifurcation. Upon varying the cone angles gradually starting from 3 degrees up to 15 degrees, the values of head loss have been reduced from 0.972 m to 0.086 m till 13-degree angle of cone and upon further increasing the angle to 15 degrees, the head loss increased sharply to 2.201 m. Also, for the structural analysis on the optimized cone angle profile, pipe thickness was varied from 25 mm till the values of stress was in the acceptable range. Upon simulations, it was found that optimum pipe thickness is 40 mm and sickle reinforcement of 75 mm with the value of maximum stress (Von-Mises) at the branching to be 167 MPa and minimum factor of safety of 1.49 for the material chosen i.e. E 250 corresponding to I S 2062.
The Lived Experience of Brazilian Immigrants in Connecticut and Crimmigration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Crimmigration, or the criminalization of immigration that intensified after the attacks of September 11, 2001, has impacted the lives of many immigrants living in the United States. After 9/11 there was an acceleration of the merger of immigration law and criminal law, and its enforcement, at the local, state, and federal levels. These restrictive laws have resulted in the increased incarceration, detainment, and mass deportation of immigrants throughout the United States. This qualitative study focused on the lived experience of Brazilian immigrants living in Connecticut. A critical phenomenological design was used to understand how crimmigration and other factors such as the economy shapes the lived experiences of Brazilian immigrants. Twenty participants were interviewed twice (for a total of 40 interviews). Seven themes emerged from participants’ interviews centered on: immigration experiences (initial and subsequent), trabalho (work), crimmigration, discrimination, emotions, transnational social networks, and racial/ethnic identity. Brazilians are economic migrants coming to the United States in search of a better life. Brazilians’ experiences with work in the United States are a central facet of their “lived experience.” Participants’ work experiences are molded by historical and political events Walter J. Belsito—University of Connecticut, 2016 shaping the national debate on immigration. This study also argues that crimmigration in the United States poses one of the most important human rights challenges today. Critical race theory posits that crimmigration is primarily directed at the growing Latino population of the United States. As agents of change committed to social justice on behalf of oppressed and vulnerable populations, social workers are in a unique position to advocate for immigrants affected by crimmigration, to fight for the human rights of immigrant families and their children torn apart by crimmigration, and to be at the forefront of the immigration debate in the United States.
Effect of pre-corrosion on the fatigue behavior of AA7B04 and life forecast

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The fatigue lives of 7B04-T6 aluminum alloys (AA7B04-T6) samples after corrosion in different environments were investigated. Corrosion pits resulting from different environments exhibited different morphologies and resulted in different fatigue lives. The environment conditions included a range of chloride concentrations (0.05–5% wt), electrolyte pH values (2–7), corrosion times (50–150 h), and temperatures (20–40 °C). An orthogonal test with four factors and three levels was designed. The order of impact of environment factors on the fatigue life are chloride concentration > corrosion time > temperature > electrolyte pH. The fatigue life of AA7B04 after corrosion was forecasted by measuring the corrosion current from potentiodynamic polarization curve testing. By entering the environment data, an expression for the fatigue life was obtained, which was validated using other conditions.
[A female anatomist of the enlightenment: Marie Marguerite Biheron (1719-1795)].

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since a notice published in 1811 in the Biographie universelle of Michaud, it has been supposed that the famous "Mademoiselle Biheron" of the XVIIIth century, who made artificial anatomies and was especially admired by Diderot, had Marie Catherine as her Christian names. It was a mistake which would invalidate for almost two centuries all the researches on the biography of this anatomist and artist. No one even knew the date and the circumstances of her death. The author, having discovered her true names - Marie Marguerite -, realised many investigations on her and her family. He worked especially on notarian archives, both in Paris, where she was born, and in the north of the old Maine province (present Sarthe department), from which her father, who was a Parisian apothecary, originated. Also he recalls the essential part that this Marie Marguerite Biheron (1719-1795) played in the evolution of the ideas concerning the teaching and medical use of anatomical data. Her contribution in that field was one of those which prepared the important reforms which would take place at the end of the century, at the time of the Convention, conducting in particular to the development of modern surgery.
A reaction-diffusion-advection two-species competition system with a free boundary in heterogeneous environment

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In this paper, we investigate a reaction-diffusion-advection two-species competition system with a free boundary in heterogeneous environment. The primary aim is to study the impact of small advection terms and heterogeneous environment, which is on two species' dynamics via a free boundary. The function <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ m(x) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> represents heterogeneous environment, and it can satisfy positive everywhere condition or changeable sign condition. Firstly, on one hand, we provide long time behaviors of the solution in vanishing case when <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ m(x) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> satisfies both conditions above; on the other hand, long time behaviors of the solution in spreading case are got when <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ m(x) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> satisfies positive everywhere condition. Secondly, a spreading-vanishing dichotomy and several sufficient conditions through the initial data and the moving parameters are obtained to determine whether spreading or vanishing of two species happens when <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ m(x) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> satisfies both conditions above. Furthermore, we derive estimates of spreading speed of the free boundary when <inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">\begin{document}$ m(x) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> satisfies positive everywhere condition and two species spreading occurs.</p>
Isolation and identification of a new yeast isolate with high beta-galactosidase activity from Syrian dairy products

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23), has tremendous potential in research and application in various fields like food, bioremediation, biosensor, diagnosis and treatment of disorders. The main objective of this study was to isolate and select some yeast strains able to produce βgalactosidase from locally dairy products, the high producer strain coded DIYS 11 was belong to Kluyveromyces marxianus according to molecular method based on the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA gene, and produced 338 U/min/cell estimated by the use of ONPG as substrate. The effect of six different extraction methods, isoamyl alcohol, acetone, SDS-chloroform, liquid nitrogen, glass beads and stainless beads on enzyme activity from this organism was studied. Our results showed the highest enzyme activity was obtained using isoamyl alcohol and reached 554 U/min/cell after nine minutes incubation with the substrate.
Concept and Nuclear Performance of Direct-Enrichment Fusion Breeder Blanket Using UO2Powder

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A new concept is presented for direct enrichment of fissile fuel in the blanket of a fusion-fission hybrid reactor. The enriched fuel produced by this means can be used in fission reactors without reprocessing. The outstanding feature of the concept is the powdered form in which UO2 fuel is placed in the reactor blanket, where it is irradiated to the requisite enrichment for use as fuel in burner reactor, e.g. 3%. After removal from blanket, the powder is mixed to homogenize the enrichment. Fuel pellets and assemblies are then fabricated from the powder without reprocessing. The concept of irradiating UO2 in powder eliminates the problems of spatial nonuniformity in fissile enrichment, and of radiation damage to fuel clad, encountered in attempting to enrich prefabricated fuel. Powder mixing for homogenization brings the additional benefit of removing volatile fission products. Also burnable poison can be added, as necessary, after irradiation.An extensive neutronic parameter survey showed that the optimum blanket arrangement for this enrichment concept is one presenting a fission suppressing configuration and with beryllium adopted as moderator. By this arrangement, the average 239Pu enrichment obtained on the natural UO2 fuel in the blanket reaches 3% after only 0.56 MW·yr/m2 exposure. A conceptual design is presented of the blanket, together with associated fusion breeder, from which, practical application of the concept is shown to be promising.
Specialists' perception and opinion about self-medication of patients with temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular disorders are considered the primary cause of chronic orofacial pain. Many patients consider self-medication a fast and adequate means to solve the pain problem and do not look for professional assistance. In spite of the considerable clinical implication of self-medication for temporomandibular disorders, the subject is poorly discussed in the literature. This study aimed at evaluating, by means of focus group, the opinion and perception of temporomandibular disorders/orofacial pain specialists about self-medication associated to temporomandibular disorders. METHODS: Focal group is a qualitative methodology technique which, by means of participants interaction, aims at collecting data as from a discussion focused on specific topics. By means of speech, subjects freely express their knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and perceptions contributing to deepen the knowledge about a core subject. Participated in the study five temporomandibular disorders/orofacial pain specialists and a moderator who led the discussion. The following topics were addressed: temporomandibular disorders, orofacial pain, used drugs, opinions/ attitudes with regard to self-medication, assistance/management of temporomandibular disorders. Speeches were recorded in audio and video for further data analysis. RESULTS: Self-medication associated to temporomandibular disorders was pointed by specialists as extremely frequent and noxious to the disease, being highlighted excessive analgesic consumption and more frequent self-medication for muscular presentations. CONCLUSION: The clinical impact of self-medication to treat temporomandibular disorders was emphasized, highlighting the influence of the practice in worsening and even chronicity of the disorder.
Colonially Bound , Digitally Free

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines art property in its digital manifestation. It interrogates Harvard's refusal to repatriate objects acquired through chattel slavery and looks at the differing approaches artists Carrie Mae Weems and Sasha Huber have taken in transfiguring daguerreotypes of enslaved persons collected by professor Louis Agassiz. Weems incorporated the daguerreotypes into her own photographic series; and Huber inserted her body into the sites of Agassiz's scientific travels to extend and alter his archive. Tamara Lanier, a descendant of one of the photographed subjects, has contested Harvard's ownership of the daguerreotypes. The arguments in the law suit make it clear that the digital object is at the center of Harvard's refusal of repatriation; the refusal protects the digital afterlife of what the university dispossessed from enslaved persons, while the physical object will soon become obsolete. The history of immaterial art and the aestheticization of property contextualize this uneasy transition into digital property.
Path development in different regional innovation systems: A conceptual analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the last years, models of path dependent regional industrial development have come to exercise increasing influence over academic work
in economic geography, innovation studies, and related academic fields
(see, for instance, Martin and Sunley 2006; Martin 2010; Boschma and
Frenken 2011; Neffke et al., 2011). A key argument advanced in this
literature is that preexisting industrial and institutional structures form
the regional environment and context in which current economic and
innovation activities take place and new ones emerge. This may result
in the long-term persistence of regional industrial structures and institutional setups.
Extraction Using Moderate Electric Fields

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT: During moderate electric field (MEF) processing, a voltage applied across a food material may affect the permeability of cell membranes. It is known that high electric fields can cause either reversible or irreversible rupture of cell membranes. In this research, the effect of MEF processing on permeability was studied. Effects of frequency and electric field strength were investigated. Cellular structure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fermented black tea leaves and fresh or dry mint leaves were placed in tea bags or cut in 1 cm 2 squares, depending on the experiment, and immersed in an aqueous fluid medium. Control samples were heated on a hot plate. MEF treatments were conducted by applying a voltage across electrodes immersed in opposite sides of the beaker. Control and MEF‐treated fresh mint leaf samples heated to 50°C were analyzed by TEM. MEF processing significantly increased the extraction yield for fresh mint leaves because of additional electric field effects during heating. Dried mint leaves and fermented black tea leaves were not affected by the treatment type. Low frequency resulted in higher extraction rates for fresh mint leaves. The electric field strength study showed that electrical breakdown is achieved even at low electric field strengths. MEF treatment shows potential to be used as an alternative to conventional heating for extraction from cellular materials.
Molecular Characterization of Moroccan Fig Germplasm Using Intersimple Sequence Repeat and Simple Sequence Repeat Markers To Establish A Reference Collection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A study was conducted to identify genotypes present in a Moroccan fig germplasm collection and provide the first database for a reference collection in northern Morocco. In total, 75 fig samples were analyzed using 8 intersimple sequence repeat primers and 6 simple sequence repeat loci. From these samples, we identified 72 fig genotypes. In genetically heterogeneous cultivars, genotypes under the same denomination were distinguished by both molecular markers and pomological traits. Molecular analysis was used to classify the germplasm into 46 well-defined cultivars and 6 caprifig trees. The remaining genotypes were not clearly identified due to three cases of mislabeling and four cases of homonymy. No evidence was found for the occurrence of geographically widespread genotypes.