jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Substitutes for immigrants? Social policy responses to population decreasing in Japan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The rapid aging of Japan’s population and workforce has prompted proposals by key political and economic actors to advocate for immigration, though public sentiment has generally been opposed to immigration. Japan has therefore undertaken social policies to mobilize seniors and women as workers and establish gender equality in employment. These measures have sought to reduce the rising costs faced by Japan’s pension system and mitigate the long-term decline of the country’s fertility rate. The author examines the efficacy of these social policies in the context of Japan’s deregulation of labor markets and the expansion of flexible and low-wage employment arrangements. Although the proportion of nonregular employment has grown since the late 1980s, it has not created gains in productivity, though it has increased economic disparities. These outcomes suggest that the importation of unskilled immigrants as a (similarly) cheap source of labor would not be an adequate solution.
Wound Healing Properties of Pelargonium Graveolens L'Hér ExtractLipogel: In-Vivo Evaluation in an Animal Burn Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér has traditionally been used to reduce skin inflammation, and recent studies have confirmed antioxidant compounds in the plant's extract. The present study aimed to prepare a lipogel formulation from P. graveolens hydroalcoholic extract and evaluate its efficacy on the wound healing process in an animal model. Material and Methods: The aerial part extract of P. graveolens was prepared through percolation. Additionally, plastibase was prepared by mixing 5% of low-molecular-weight polyethylene with hot mineral oil (130°C). The extract (5%) was levigated in the mineral oil (5-15%) and dispersed in the cooled plastibase. The physical properties of the lipogel, thermal stability, and microbial limits were tested. Further, the effect of the lipogel in the wound healing rate was examined among male Wistar rats, and skin tissue samples were assessed histologically. Results and Discussion: The results represented the best rheological and thermal stability characteristics in the formulation with 5% mineral oil (as the levigator). The lipogel-treated group had the least burn area compared to the silver sulfadiazine and negative control groups (p<0.05). The microscopic examination of tissue samples revealed increased collagen fiber production and maturation and significantly also faster epithelial repair among lipogel-treated rats than in the other two groups(p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated the significant therapeutic effects of P. graveolens lipogelon burn healing. The suitable physicochemical properties and the low lipogel production cost facilitate further scale-up studies.
Veratrum parviflorum poisoning: identification of steroidal alkaloids in patient blood and breast milk

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The Veratrum genus is composed of plants containing a diverse set of steroidal alkaloids. Veratrum plant material has been utilized for centuries as herbal medicines, however the alkaloids have such a low therapeutic index that they are not used in modern medicine. Here we report an incident of inadvertent ingestion of V. parviflorum by hikers in Georgia that allowed detection, and in several instances identification of alkaloids from the plant, and correlated their presence within patient blood and breast milk specimens. Eight patients, three male and five female, presented in the spring of 2020 and 2021 with symptoms requiring emergent medical attention after ingestion of Veratrum parviflorum. All patients believed the plants to be a local native species of wild leek, Allium tricoccum, locally known as ramps. Plants were identified using photographs as well as fresh and cooked plant material provided by patients, in consultation with botanists at the University of Georgia Herbarium. Written consent was obtained from all patients for collection of blood and breast milk specimens for laboratory identification of Veratrum alkaloids. V. parviflorum plant material, and patient serum and breast milk were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF) to identify steroidal alkaloids. The V. parviflorum extract was confirmed to contain cyclopamine, veratramine, jervine, and muldamine. Two out of the eight patients had detectable concentrations of Veratrum alkaloids. Of the alkaloids identified in the plant, cyclopamine and jervine were detected within patient serum, and cyclopamine and veratramine were observed to be present in breast milk. Toxicity resulting from Veratrum steroidal alkaloids has primarily been reported from V. album and V. viride. This is the second report of V. parviflorum poisoning. The present work reports for the first time the presence of muldamine and jervine within V. parviflorum. This work provides the first instance of identification of Veratrum alkaloids in breast milk. Thus, the findings presented herein add to literature record causative agents contributing to the toxicity of V. parviflorum when ingested and potential for secondary poisoning through breastfeeding. V. parviflorum toxicity was observed to cause nausea, vomiting, hypotension, bradycardia, abdominal pain, light-headedness, blurred vision, and tingling in the arms. Patients experiencing mild symptoms improved with supportive care, IV fluids, and antiemetics, but hemodynamically unstable patients required atropine and vasopressors. This study demonstrated that more lipophilic Veratrum alkaloids can be passed along in breast milk, which suggests additional precautions may be critical to limit further poisonings.
Changes in spatial learning and memory as well as in cell apoptosis and Bax and Bcl-2 protein expressions in the hippocampal gyrus of rat with type 1 diabetic encephalopathy induced by streptozotocin

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the interrelationships among cell apoptosis, Bax or Bcl-2 protein expression in hippocampal dentate gyrus as well as learning and memory of type 1 diabetic encephalopathy rat. Methods The rat model of type 1 diabetic encephalopathy was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (dissolved in vehicle solution). The rat vehicle control model was established by intraperitoneal injection of vehicle solution. After the above rat models were established, Morris water maze, Bax or Bcl-2 immunohistochemistry, terminal-deoxynucloetidyl-transferase-mediated-dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) technique were separately used to detect the abilities of learning and memory, the cell apoptosis, and the Bax or Bcl-2 protein expression in hippocampal dentate gyrus of each rat group. Results The numbers of TUNEL positive cells and Bax positive cells in the subgranular zone (SGZ) or granular cell layer (GCL) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of type 1 diabetic encephalopathy model rats were significantly higher than those in vehicle control model rats or intact control rats. However, The abilities of spatial learning and memory as well as the number of Bcl-2 positive cells in SGZ or GCL of type 1 diabetic encephalopathy model rats were significantly decreased in comparison of those in vehicle model rats or in intact control rats (P 0.01). Conclusion The abnormal imbalances in expressions of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and apoptotic gene Bax induced by a long-termed lack of insulin enhance cell apoptosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus , which may be one factor for causing neurogenesis disorders in SGZ or GCL and for impairments in spatial learning and memory of rats with type 1 diabetic encephalopathy.
MR molecular imaging using drug delivery system

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MRIは，非侵襲的に高い軟部組織コントラストと空間分解能をもたらす画像法で，臨床において幅広く普及したほか，感度と周波数分解能の高い高磁場MRIは，分子特異的事象を反映する“分子イメージング”への適用が期待され，薬剤開発の効率化，再生・移植医療の可視化，腫瘍や神経科学研究への展開が臨まれている．そのなかで，DDSは，MRIが“分子イメージング”に発展する中核となる技術と考えられ，本稿ではDDS技術を用いたMRI関連技術の動向を概説し，将来を展望したい．
Innovative Analysis of Student Management Path Based on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Integration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper discusses the application path and effect evaluation method of big data and artificial intelligence in college student management, aiming at promoting the intelligent and humanized development of management through technological innovation. A BP neural network model (IFOA-IAGA-BP) based on the combination of improved firefly optimization algorithm (IFOA) and improved artificial pigeon colony algorithm (IAGA) is studied and constructed, aiming at improving the accuracy and efficiency of management quality evaluation. This model can identify students' individual needs more accurately, optimize the allocation of teaching resources, improve teaching quality, predict students' learning risks through intelligent algorithms, intervene in time, and provide all-weather learning consultation services, so as to enhance the immediacy and effectiveness of student support services.
Radiation‐induced cationic polymerization of β‐pinene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The radiation‐induced polymerization of β‐pinene carried out in bulk at ca. 25°C has been studied for different methods of monomer drying. It has been confirmed that the polymerization is sensitive to adventitious moisture and that substantial polymer yields (ca. 10% conversion per Mrad) can only be obtained under extremely dry conditions. Complete inhibition of the reaction by added tripropylamine corroborates the view that the polymerization is cationic. About half of the polymer formed is insoluble in the monomer. The number‐average molecular weights for the soluble poly(β‐pinene) fraction have been measured by vapor pressure osmometry and are in the narrow range from 1700 to 2400 with little or no dependence on the degree of monomer conversion to polymer, at least up to 80%. The results are compared with literature reports on the polymerization of β‐pinene by catalytic initiators.
Alginate-based drug carriers: Recent advances

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Alginate is nowadays considered one of the most commonly applied biomaterials in different fields, including the cosmetic, feeding and biomedical areas. Its good biocompatibility and biodegradability, together with other advantages against synthetic polymers like its low cost and ready availability, make it an ideal material to be used for the preparation of different systems, such as hydrogels, microparticles, nanoparticles or scaffolds. Additionally, its chemical structure with many functional groups can be readily modified, making these alginate-based systems very versatile devices specifically prepared according to their future application. Since the development of the first alginate particles in 1980, much research has been carried out on the methodology of preparation of alginate-based carriers and their applications, especially in the biomedical field as drug delivery systems. This chapter reviews published research on alginate-based systems in the recent years and gives an overview about their chemical characteristics, properties, different preparation methods and their biomedical application.
Pengembangan Modul Deteksi Risiko Perdarahan Pada Kehamilan Efektif Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this research was to produce a risk detection module for bleeding in pregnancy to increase the knowledge of pregnant women. The research method used steps in developing the Borg and Gall model. The research design used quasi experiment with pre-post test design. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with a sample of 30 pregnant women. The study participants were two media experts, two material experts and 10 pregnant women. The study was conducted in the Tajuncu Community Health Center in Soppeng Regency in October 2019-February 2020. The effectiveness of the module was measured at intervals of one week before and after the module was given. Data were analyzed and statistically tested by the Wilcoxon test.The results showed that the validation of the bleeding risk detection module in pregnancy was considered very good and obtained an average value of pre-test knowledge by 60% increased to 85% after being given a bleeding risk detection module in pregnancy with the Wilcoxon test result p-value 0,000 <0.05 . This proves that the module developed is effective in increasing the knowledge of pregnant women to detect bleeding in pregnancy. Keywords: Bleeding Risk Detection Module, pregnancy, development, Borg and Gall. ABSTRAK Tujuan peneltian ini adalah menghasilkan modul deteksi risiko perdarahan pada kehamilan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil. Metode penelitian menggunakan langkah-langkah pengembangan model Borg and Gall. Desain penelitian menggunakan quasi eksperiment dengan rancangan pre post test design. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 30 ibu hamil. Partisipan penelitian adalah dua ahli media, dua ahli materi dan 10 ibu hamil. Penelitian dilakukan di Wilayah Puskesmas Tajuncu Kabupaten Soppeng pada Oktober 2019 - Februari 2020. Efektifitas modul diukur selang waktu 1 minggu sebelum dan setelah modul diberikan. Data dianalisis dan diuji statistik dengan uji Wilcoxon.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa validasi modul deteksi risiko perdarahan pada kehamilan dinilai sangat baik dan didapatkan nilai rata-rata pengetahuan pre test sebesar 60% meningkat menjadi 85% setelah diberikan modul deteksi risiko perdarahan pada kehamilan dengan hasil uji Wilcoxon p - value 0,000 < 0,05. Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa modul yang dikembangkan efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil untuk mendeteksi perdarahan pada kehamilan. Kata kunci: Modul Deteksi Risiko Perdarahan, kehamilan, pengembangan, Borg and Gall.
Effects of interferon and radiation dose on the suppressive activity of human lymphocytes primed with allogeneic cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) primed in vitro with irradiated allogeneic PBL can suppress alloactivated proliferation of fresh autologous PBL in a primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). Proliferation of fresh PBL was measured by tritiated thymidine uptake after 6 days of coculture with irradiated fresh allogeneic stimulator PBL; irradiated autologous primed PBL were added to assess suppression. These primed cells had been cultured for 6 to 10 days prior to their irradiation and addition to a primary MLC. Suppression in this assay by PBL primed for 6 days was inversely correlated with radiation dose. The addition of highly purified recombinant interferon-alpha (IFN) during the 6-day priming of these lymphocytes did not alter their suppressive ability, nor did it alter the radiation sensitivity of their suppression. In contrast, PBL primed for 10 days were highly suppressive even if irradiated before their addition to the assay. However, when PBL were primed for 10 days in the presence of IFN, their ability to suppress was again radiation sensitive. These data suggest that between days 6 and 10 of primary MLC, IFN inhibits either proliferation or differentiation of a lymphocyte population involved in the generation of radioresistant suppressive activity.
Plasma polarization shifts of He II resonance lines

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Eight members of the He II resonance series have been studied photographically at electron densities around 1.4*1017 cm -3 in a reproducible Z-pinch plasma. The results show that small shifts to shorter wavelength occur although the magnitudes are smaller than 0.03 AA even for the 9s-1p transition (for which the largest shift is expected theoretically). The measured shifts are compared with several theories proposed previously.
Combinations of Beta Cell Specific Autoantibodies at Diagnosis of Diabetes in Young Adults Reflects Different Courses of Beta Cell Damage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To explore the natural course of beta cell function in recent onset diabetes, a subgroup (n=157) of all incident cases (n=879) 15-34 years old, 1992-1993 in Sweden, and with positivity for at least one autoantibody of islet cell antibodies (ICA), glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) or tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA-2A) were followed prospectively for the first four years with annual analysis of C-peptide. The aim was to relate the course of beta cell function, measured as C-peptide, in early diabetes with the presence of different islet autoantibodies at diagnosis. We found that patients positive for ICA alone (n=11) had significantly higher C-peptide levels both at diagnosis and during the first three years compared with the other patients (n=146; p=0.022, p<0.001, p=0.004 and p=0.0022). Patients positive for GADA alone or in combination with other antibodies (n=125) had significantly lower C-peptide during the first three years after diagnosis compared with the other patients (n=32, p<0.001, p=0.0011 and p=0.0136). Patients with two or three autoantibodies had C-peptide levels similar to levels found in patients positive only for GADA. However, after four years, there were no significant differences between any of the groups of different autoantibody combinations. At diagnosis, 55% (86/157) of the patients had C-peptide levels above the lower normal range of 0.25 nmol/l, but the frequency of patients with beta cell function above this level decreased after two years to 41% (65/157; p=0.035) and after four years to 22% (35/157; p=0.0041). It is concluded that young adult diabetic patients positive only for ICA at diagnosis have a better preserved beta cell function with higher levels of C-peptide during the first three years compared with patients positive for GADA alone or in combinations with other autoantibodies.
Inter-and Intra-industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

What better explains firm profitability: Position within an industry or industry membership? Intra-industry performance heterogeneity indicates the importance of unique business strategies. Inter-industry performance heterogeneity indicates the importance of industry structure to firm performance. Both are important. Yet, it appears that firm position matters to performance heterogeneity more than industry membership. Recent work shows the importance of corporate ownership and nationality.
Analysis of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by carotid ultrasonography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Atherosclerosis is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that there is a close association between atherosclerosis and disease severity of COPD.

Methods: We recruited 46 subjects with COPD (45 male-1 female, 42 ex-smokers, 4 current smokers, aged (74.7±7.9)). All subjects underwent spirometry and carotid ultrasonography. The severity of COPD was determined by GOLD Staging System for COPD Severity Definition. We measured carotid intima-media thickness, and determined the maximal intima-media thickness (IMTmax) value as the indicator of atherosclerosis.

Results: Average IMTmax value in all subjects was 1.9±1.1 mm. IMTmax value was 2.2±1.2 mm in stage I (n=3), 1.7±1.0 mm in stage II (n=15), 2.0±1.1 mm in stage III (n=16), and 2.0±1.4 mm in stage IV (n=12). There were no differences of IMTmax values among the stages of COPD. IMTmax values were higher in subjects with ischemic heart disease (n=5) compared to those without ischemic heart disease (n=41) (IMTmax value: 2.7±1.6 mm vs. 1.9±1.1 mm, p<0.05). 3 subjects had lower limb arteriosclerosis obliterans (IMTmax value was 2.1±0.4 mm).

Conclusions: Atherosclerosis was not associated with disease severity of COPD. This study suggests that atherosclerosis progresses even in patients with mild COPD, especially in those who are associated with ischemic heart disease.
Petroculture, safety and security – frame contestations in the environmental protest against Scan-Link 1984–1988

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To plan for a sustainable transportation network, we need to understand the values connected to existing structures. In the history of car dependency and petroculture, the promise of speed is everywhere. Through a frame analysis focusing on contestation, this paper examines values connected to fossil fuel infrastructure. Specifically, the paper interrogates the plans to construct a highway on the west coast of Sweden in the late 1980s, a plan which was met with environmental protests and contestation. I argue that, apart from speed, the protests came to actualize questions of safety and security for persons, the community, and nature. Drawing from this analysis, the paper demonstrates how cultures of fossil fuel dependency are not only constructed in relation to speed and freedom, but also that values of safety and security are key to understanding the pervasiveness of petroculture and consequently to understanding how to better plan for a sustainable future.