jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
355 Fetal Growth is Associated with Altered Expression of Imprinted Genes in the Placenta

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<sec><st>Background and Aims</st> Both low and high birthweight is associated with adverse health outcomes throughout life. Altered expression of imprinted genes which regulate fetal and placental growth may be one mechanism linking the environment and later disease risk. We have studied the expression of candidate imprinted genes in placenta with respect to anthropometric parameters at birth. </sec><sec><st>Methods</st> 58 term placentas (27 male) were obtained from the Edinburgh Reproductive Tissue BioBank. Pregnancies complicated by congenital abnormalities or diabetes were excluded. Gene expression was analysed using real-time PCR. </sec><sec><st>Results</st> Median birthweight was 3900g (interquartile range: 2949–4340g). Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA levels correlated positively with standard deviation scores for birthweight (Spearman’s rho=0.335, <it>p</it>=0.005), head circumference (Spearman’s rho=0.424, <it>p</it>=0.001) and length (Spearman’s rho=0.259, <it>p</it>=0.041). Growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (GRB10) mRNA levels correlated negatively with birthweight standard deviation score (Spearman’s rho= –0.221, <it>p</it>=0.048). The expression of two other imprinted genes, PHLDA2 and ZIM2 showed no relation to size at birth. </sec><sec><st>Conclusion</st> Both IGF2 and GRB10 are imprinted in the placenta and impact on fetal and placental growth. IGF2 is paternally imprinted and increased expression is implicated in overgrowth disorders; in contrast, GRB10 is maternally imprinted in trophoblasts and disruption in mice leads to overgrowth. Additionally, GRB10 has recently been identified as having a role in insulin signaling. As genomic imprinting is under epigenetic regulation, these targets are strong candidates for exploration of environmentally influenced non-Mendelian effects on fetal size and developmental programming. </sec>
Microbe Profile: Wigglesworthia glossinidia: the tsetse fly’s significant other

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Wigglesworthia glossinidia is an obligate, maternally transmitted endosymbiont of tsetse flies. The ancient association between these two organisms accounts for many of their unique physiological adaptations. Similar to other obligate mutualists, Wigglesworthia ’s genome is dramatically reduced in size, yet it has retained the capacity to produce many B-vitamins that are found at inadequate quantities in the fly’s vertebrate blood-specific diet. These Wigglesworthia -derived B-vitamins play essential nutritional roles to maintain tsetse’s physiological homeostasis as well as that of other members of the fly’s microbiota. In addition to its nutritional role, Wigglesworthia contributes towards the development of tsetse’s immune system during the larval period. Tsetse produce amidases that degrade symbiotic peptidoglycans and prevent activation of antimicrobial responses that can damage Wigglesworthia . These amidases in turn exhibit antiparasitic activity and decrease tsetse’s ability to be colonized with parasitic trypanosomes, which reduce host fitness. Thus, the Wigglesworthia symbiosis represents a fine-tuned association in which both partners actively contribute towards achieving optimal fitness outcomes.
Phaseless Bi-spherical Near-field Measurement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To overcome the challenge of acquiring high-precision phase information in spherical near-field measurements, this paper treats the solution of the spherical mode coefficients (SMC) as a phase recovery problem. Targeting the two critical factors that determine the converting accuracy, that is, the phase recovery algorithm and the near-field sampling strategy, by comparing the error of the extrapolated far field, this paper identifies a phase recovery algorithm most appropriate for phaseless near-field measurement, and an adapted spherical sampling approach. The numerical results demonstrate that Reweighted Amplitude Flow integrated with the bi-spherical sampling strategy is capable of sufficiently retrieving the SMC and deriving the high-precision radiation characteristics of the antenna under test (AUT).
Recombinant Human Gamma Interferon in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children: Safety, CD4+-Lymphocyte Count, Viral Load, and Neutrophil Function (AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 211)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Nineteen children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were treated with recombinant human gamma interferon (rIFN-γ) (50 μg/m 2 subcutaneously three times each week during weeks 1 through 12 and 100 μg/m 2 subcutaneously three times each week during weeks 13 through 24) in a phase I/II clinical trial. All children continued to receive previously prescribed therapy with oral zidovudine or didanosine. Children were assessed clinically and with laboratory studies during 24 weeks of study treatment and for 12 weeks after completion of rIFN-γ therapy. In general, rIFN-γ therapy was well tolerated. There were two clinical or laboratory adverse events thought to be possibly or probably study drug associated. One child developed acute pancreatitis; another child developed granulocytopenia. Median CD4 + -lymphocyte counts and plasma HIV RNA concentrations did not change significantly during therapy. In vitro neutrophil bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and superoxide production were not significantly affected by rIFN-γ therapy. We conclude that rIFN-γ therapy in HIV-infected children receiving single-agent antiretroviral therapy is safe and does not produce consistent changes in CD4 + -lymphocyte count, plasma HIV RNA concentration, or in vitro neutrophil function.
Study of synthesis of allyl butylate using strong acidic resin as catalyst

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The conditions for synthesis of allyl butylate using strong acidic resin as catalyst were studied.Experimental results show that the optimal conditions of material ratios are 1.0g of strong acidic resin catalyst ,0.6 mole of butanoic acid and 0.4 mole allay alcohol.The product recovery can achieve 67%.The catalyst can be used repeatedly for 7 time without declining of the catalytic performance.Comparison with the performance of other types of catalyst show that the strong acidic resin catalyst has the unique advantages.
Cultural competence in afterschool programs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Increasing ethnic diversity among American youth, in combination with funding priorities often targeting underserved populations, has increased the number of diverse youth attending afterschool programs (ASPs). At present, there is little guidance on how to best design ASPs and prepare staff to support the development of these diverse youth. The fields of medicine and education have begun to explore the impact of cultural competence at the organizational, structural, and professional levels to help bridge potential cultural divides. This chapter will briefly review the literature on cultural competence and emerging evidence within ASPs. It will then provide concrete examples of how afterschool programs have infused culturally tailored content and/or staff trainings to build cultural competence. Finally, specific recommendations will be made to serve as a springboard for future research and practice.
PROFESSIONAL SOCIALIZATION OF BULGARIAN TEACHERS IN MULTICULTURAL CLASSES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Appears in: EDULEARN20 Proceedings Publication year: 2020Pages: 763-767ISBN: 978-84-09-17979-4ISSN: 2340-1117doi: 10.21125/edulearn.2020.0284Conference name: 12th International Conference on Education and New Learning TechnologiesDates: 6-7 July, 2020Location: Online Conference
On Indeterminacy (Neutrosophic ) of Hollow Modules

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we formulate and study a new property, namely indeterminacy (neutrosophic) of the hollow module. We mean indeterminacy hollow module is neutrosophic hollow module B (shortly Ne(B)) such that it is not possible to specify the conditions for satisfying it. Some concepts have been studied and introduced, for instance, the indeterminacy local module, indeterminacy divisible module, indeterminacy indecomposable module and indeterminacy hollow-lifting module. Also, we investigate that if Ne(B) is an indeterminacy divisible module with no indeterminacy zero divisors, then any indeterminacy submodule Ne(K) of Ne(B) is an indeterminacy hollow module. Further, we study the relationship between the indeterminacy of hollow and indecomposable modules. Finally, conclusions and discussions for our obtained results are given.
Travel Distance as a Barrier to Receipt of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy After Radical Prostatectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Following radical prostatectomy (RP), adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) decreases biochemical recurrence and potentially improves metastasis-free and overall survival for patients with high-risk pathologic features. Since adjuvant RT typically occurs daily over several weeks, the logistical challenges of extensive traveling may be a significant barrier to its use. We examined the association between distance to treatment facility and use of adjuvant RT. Materials and Methods: We identified 97,568 patients in the National Cancer Database diagnosed from 2004 through 2011 with cT1-4N0-xM0-x prostate cancer and found to have high-risk pathologic features (pT3-4 stage and/or positive surgical margins) at RP. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for sociodemographic and clinicopathologic factors was used to examine the association between travel distance and receipt of adjuvant RT, defined as radiotherapy initiated within 12 months after RP. Results: Overall, 10.6% (10,346) of the study cohort received adjuvant RT. On multivariable analysis, increasing travel distance was significantly associated with decreased use of adjuvant RT, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.0 (reference), 0.67, 0.46, 0.39, and 0.32 (all P <0.001) and prevalence of use at 12.6%, 8.8%, 6.3%, 4.9%, and 3.7% for patients living ≤25.0, 25.1 to 50.0, 50.1 to 75.0, 75.1 to 100.0, and >100.0 miles away, respectively. Conclusions: Increasing travel distance was strongly associated with decreased use of adjuvant RT in this national cohort of postprostatectomy patients with high-risk pathologic features. These results strongly suggest that the logistical challenges of extensive travel are a significant barrier to the use of adjuvant RT. Efforts aimed at improving access to radiotherapy and reducing treatment time are urgently needed.
THE EFFECT OF PRE-EXERCISE CARBOHYDRATE INGESTION ON ANAEROBIC EXERCISE180

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine if the pre-exercise ingestion of carbohydrate could improve anaerobic performance. Ten highly competitive female soccer players participated in this study. At 5 min pre-exercise, subjects ingested either 50 g of solid carbohydrate (SCHO) + 400 ml of H2O, 50 g of liquid carbohydrate (LCHO) in a 400 ml solution, or 400 ml of artificially sweetened H2O (PL). Subjects completed two 19 min periods of high intensity intermittent running separated by a 10 min break. At 5 min after exercise, subjects completed a performance trial (PT) to exhaustion in which they ran repeated 10 s 120% VO2 max sprints separated by 10 s rest breaks. Blood lactate was not different (p>0.05) between feedings. Blood glucose (BG) was greater (p<0.05) for SCHO and LCHO at 10, 20, and 30 min during exercise compared to PL. At 40 min BG was significantly different between SCHO and PL. At 2 min post-exercise BG was non-significant between interventions. Time to exhaustion in PT was greater in both carbohydrate trials compared to PL (x ± SE, SCHO = 690 s ± 135, LCHO = 648 ± 113, PL = 436 ± 70; p<0.01). The results of this study indicate that the intake of equal amounts of SCHO and LCHO ingested 5 minutes prior to anaerobic exercise can give similar performance improvements.
Relationship Between Style of Coping With Stress and Level of Transition Shock Among New Graduate Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Transition shock is prevalent among new graduate nurses. Coping effectively with stress may be essential for a successful transition into practice. The relationship between transition shock and style of coping with stress remains unexplored. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between style of coping with stress and level of transition shock among new graduate nurses. Method: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with 252 new graduate nurses in two public hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. Data were collected with a personal information form, the Coping Styles with Stress Scale, and the Nursing Transition Shock Scale. Results: Seeking social support, self-confidence, and optimism were the most commonly used styles of coping with stress, with median scores of 7 (range, 6–9), 12 (range, 10–14), and 8 (range, 7–10), respectively. Levels of transition shock for new graduate nurses were moderate, with a median score of 2.61 (range, 2.05–3.33). The helpless ( r s = .34, p = .000) and submissive ( r s = .23, p = .000) styles were correlated with higher levels of transition shock. Conclusion: The level of transition shock increases with the helpless style and decreases with the use of the social support-seeking style. New graduates can cope with transition shock with simulation-based learning, effective orientation programs, a supportive working environment, and flexibility in the work shift. [ J Contin Educ Nurs. 2023;54(8):350–359.]
Impact of CytoSorb Hemoadsorption Therapy on Fluid Balance in Patients with Septic Shock

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection. Recent in-vitro studies have investigated the effects of CytoSorb hemoadsorption on endothelial function in sepsis showing a reduction in markers of endothelial dysfunction, but to this day there is a lack of clinical studies showing whether this approach could actually positively influence the disturbed vascular barrier function in septic conditions. We analyzed the data on administered fluid volumes and catecholamines to determine the potential benefit of CytoSorb hemoadsorption therapy on endothelial function in a clinical scenario. We performed a retrospective analysis of 124 septic shock patients who had undergone adjunctive treatment with CytoSorb hemadsorption therapy. We collected volume requirements, and calculated the volume balance within different time periods to obtain an assumption on the stability of the vascular barrier. We also calculated catecholamine requirements. With regard to the entire study cohort our findings revealed a significant reduction in fluid balance at 72 hours (T72) compared to both baseline (T0) and the 24-hour mark (T24). Fluid balances from T72 – T0 were significantly lower in hospital survivors compared to non-survivors. Patients who received a second catecholamine had a significantly lower in-hospital mortality. Our findings showed that use of hemoadsorption therapy results in a reduced positive fluid balance paralleled by reductions in vasopressor needs suggesting a positive effect on endothelial integrity. These results, derived from a large cohort of patients, provide valuable insights that may greatly improve our understanding of the multiple effects of hemoadsorption treatment in septic shock patients.
The Internet: A Place for Different Voices in Health and Medicine? A Case Study of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Lay people might disagree with the ‘formal’ knowledge of medicine produced in medical schools and the internet has provided an opportunity for them to present their ideas. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a new concept and has always been a controversial topic. Many people are presenting their views regarding ADHD on the web. This article explores a sample of ADHD‐related materials found by Google and evaluates the possible effects that different voices may have on ‘formal’ knowledge.
Beyond Image Borders: Learning Feature Extrapolation for Unbounded Image Composition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For improving image composition and aesthetic quality, most existing methods modulate the captured images by striking out redundant content near the image borders. However, such image cropping methods are limited in the range of image views. Some methods have been suggested to extrapolate the images and predict cropping boxes from the extrapolated image. Nonetheless, the synthesized extrapolated regions may be included in the cropped image, making the image composition result not real and potentially with degraded image quality. In this paper, we circumvent this issue by presenting a joint framework for both unbounded recommendation of camera view and image composition (i.e., UNIC). In this way, the cropped image is a sub-image of the image acquired by the predicted camera view, and thus can be guaranteed to be real and consistent in image quality. Specifically, our framework takes the current camera preview frame as input and provides a recommendation for view adjustment, which contains operations unlimited by the image borders, such as zooming in or out and camera movement. To improve the prediction accuracy of view adjustment prediction, we further extend the field of view by feature extrapolation. After one or several times of view adjustments, our method converges and results in both a camera view and a bounding box showing the image composition recommendation. Extensive experiments are conducted on the datasets constructed upon existing image cropping datasets, showing the effectiveness of our UNIC in unbounded recommendation of camera view and image composition. The source code, dataset, and pretrained models is available at https://github.com/liuxiaoyu1104/UNIC.
Stres akademik dengan intensitas perilaku merokok mahasiswa yang sedang menyusun skripsi

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Smoking intensity is the state, extent, or amount of activity of a person who burns or smokes tobacco, and the potential for smoke inhalation by those around them. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between academic stress and the intensity of students' smoking behavior during thesis writing. The population in this study was his 73 and the sampling used the total sampling method, namely 73 people. The instruments used in this study were the 23-item Academic Stress Scale and the 27-item Smoking Behavioral Intensity Scale. Based on the results of the product moment correlation test, the significance value for the two variables is less than 0.005, or 0.000. On the other hand, the results of Pearson's correlation test showed a value of 0.113 for both variables. The test results show a positive correlation between the academic stress variable (X) and the smoking behavior intensity variable (Y).
Overview of NASA's Electric Propulsion Development Activities for Robotic Science Missions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The In-Space Propulsion Technology Program (ISPT) is responsible for the development of electric propulsion technologies for NASA robotic scientific missions. The ISPT Program is managed at the NASA Glenn Research Center on behalf of the Science Mission Directorate. The objective of the Electric Propulsion project area is to develop near- term electric propulsion technology to enhance or enable science missions while minimizing risk and cost to the end user. Major hardware tasks include developing NASA's Evolutionary Xenon Thruster (NEXT), developing a long-life High Voltage Hall Accelerator (HIVHAC), and developing an advanced feed system. The objective of the NEXT task is to advance next generation ion propulsion technology readiness. The baseline NEXT system consists of a high-performance, 7-kW ion thruster; a high-efficiency, 7-kW power processor unit (PPU); a highly flexible advanced xenon propellant management system (PMS); a lightweight engine gimbal; and key elements of a digital control interface unit (DCIU) including software algorithms. This design approach was selected to provide future NASA science missions with the greatest value in mission performance benefit. The objective of the HIVHAC task is to advance the Hall thruster technology readiness for science mission applications. The task seeks to increase Hall thruster specific impulse, throttle-ability and operational life and thus broaden Hall propulsion system applicability to low-cost, deep space science missions. The primary application focus for the resulting Hall propulsion system would be cost-capped missions, such as competitively-selected, Discovery-class missions. The objective of the advanced xenon feed system task is to demonstrate novel manufacturing techniques that will significantly reduce mass, volume, and footprint size of xenon feed systems over conventional feed systems. This task has focused on the development of combined flow control and pressure control module, which regulates pressure from the propellant tank and provides two-channel flow control for Hall propulsion systems. Progress on current hardware development, recent test activities and future plans are discussed.
MINIMIZING COLOR DEGRADATION IN BLUSH WINES1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Minimization of color degradation in blush wines was investigated. Cabernet Sauvignon wines produced with sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) at different levels (0, 30, 60, and 120 mg/L) added at crush and bottling were evaluated during 12 months of storage at 16C. Addition of SO 2 at crush did not affect browning (absorbance at 420 nm) but increased red color (absorbance at 520 nm). As SO 2 levels at bottling increased, browning and red color decreased. Prefermentation treatments (hyperoxidation, nitrogen sparging, and SO 2 addition) and tannic acid addition at bottling in Cabernet Sauvignon, Delaware, and Noble blush wines stored at 16 and 37C were evaluated. Prefermentation treatments did not affect red color. Browning differences were observed in Cabernet Sauvignon but not in Delaware and Noble wines. In blush wines from all cultivars, as tannic acid levels increased, browning and red color increased. The prefermentation treatments can be used to minimize color degradation in the cultivars evaluated.