jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Incidentally detected nasal foreign body on routine dental radiography

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A nasal foreign body was discovered on routine radiographic examination of a 7-year-old girl following traumatic injury to permanent maxillary central incisors. The mother and the patient were unaware of the object's presence and the child had no nasal symptoms. The child was referred to an ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgeon to have the object assessed and removed. This was accomplished successfully without sequelae on an outpatient basis. This article highlights the role of a dentist in the proper detection and diagnosis, prompt referral for its management and reduction in complications related to foreign bodies.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE TORSIONAL BEHAVIOUR OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE BEAMS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the present paper an experimental investigation was carried out to study the torsional behavior of recycled aggregate beams of size 150 mm x 150mm x 800 mm using M 30 mix.This experimental study consists of testing three beams of natural aggregate and twelve beams made by using different proportions of recycled aggregate i.e., 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% replacements of the natural aggregate with the recycled aggregate.After testing the beams for torsion, the angle of twist vs torque graphs were drawn.From the experimental results it was observed that the torsional decreases with increase in the percentage of recycled aggregates and also found that up to 50 % replacement of aggregates the strength reduction is less and not even 10 % in case of torsional strength.Therefore the usage of recycled aggregates up to 50 % can be acceptable.
Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kemampulabaan Bank

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine whether the Effect of Third Party Funds, Loan To Deposit Ratio and Credit Interest Rates in this study partially and simultaneously affect profitability as measured by Return On Assets (ROA). The population in this study were book IV banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2016-2020 period as many as 7 companies, then the sample was determined using the Purposive Sampling method, namely the sample was selected from a population of certain criteria, either expertly or scientifically. The analytical method used is the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis test, partial test of determination coefficient test (t test), and simultaneous test (f test). Data testing was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 Software. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Third Party Funds (X1) have a significant effect on Profitability (ROA), because the more funds collected by the public in the form of savings, demand deposits, deposits, the more banks will distribute interest costs on the product so that it can reduce the income or profitability of a Bank. 2) Loan to Deposit Ratio (X2) has a significant effect on Profitability (ROA), because the more loans that are disbursed, the higher the interest income that will be obtained by the bank with the assumption that if the loans disbursed are in a smooth state, it will increase the bank's profit. the. 3) Credit Interest Rates (X3) have a significant effect on Profitability (ROA) because the more people who make credit, the credit interest income will increase so that it will increase the profitability of a Bank. 4) Third Party Funds, Loan to Deposit Ratio and Interest Rates Credit has a simultaneous and significant effect on Profitability (ROA). Keywords: Third Party Funds, Loan To Deposit Ratio, Credit Interest Rates, Profitability
Marine molluscan diversity in India- exploitation and conservation challenges in the 21st Century

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

T h e molluscs (soft bodied animals) belong to the large and diverse \nphylum Molluscs, which includes a variety of familiar animals well-known \nas decorative shells or as seafood. These range from tiny snails, clams, and \nabalone to larger organisms such as squid, cuttlefish and the octopus. These \nmolluscs occupy a variety of habitats ranging from mountain forests, \nfreshwater to more than 10 km depth in the sea. They range in size from \nless than 1 mm to more than 15 m (for example the giant squid) and their \npopularion density may exceed 40,000/m2 in some areas. In the tropical \nmarine environment, molluscs occupy every trophic level, from primary \nproducers to top carnivores. India has extensive molluscan resources along \nher coasts. In rhe numerous bays, brackish waters and estuaries and in the \nseas around the subcontinent; molluscs belonging to different taxonomic \ngroups, such as, mussels, oysters, clams, pearl-oysters, window-pane oysters, \nark-shells, whelks, chanks, cowries, squids and curtlefish have been exploited \nsince time immemorial for food, pearls and shells.
Impact of the Nucleic Acid Extraction Method and the RT-qPCR Assay on SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Low-Viral Samples

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

COVID-19 was initially reported in China at the end of 2019 and soon thereafter, in March 2020, the WHO declared it a pandemic. Until October 2021, over 240 million COVID-19 cases were recorded, with 4.9 mln deaths. In order to stop the spread of this disease, it is crucial to monitor and detect any infected person. The etiologic agent of COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. The gold standard for the detection of the virus is the RT-qPCR method. This study evaluated two RNA extraction methods and four commercial RT-qPCR assays routinely used in diagnostic laboratories for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in human specimens from the upper respiratory tract. We analyzed a panel of 70 clinical samples with varying RNA loads. Our study demonstrated the significant impact of the diagnostic methods selected by the laboratory on the SARS-CoV-2 detection in clinical specimens with low viral loads.
Cathepsin L mediates intracellular ileal digestion of gastric intrinsic factor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although acidic proteases of lysosomal origin are implicated in the degradation of intrinsic factor (IF) during cobalamin (cbl) transport across enterocytes and proximal renal tubule cell lines, the enzyme(s) involved in this process is not known. Recombinant (baculovirus-produced) rat 125I-labeled IF (125I-rIF), 43 kDa, added in vivo to the lumen of rat ileum was converted intracellularly to peptides of 33 and 26 kDa. In vitro rat 125I-rIF was degraded to peptides of 33 and 31 kDa by addition of cathepsin L; this conversion was fully inhibited by leupeptin. Western blot analysis using antiserum against denatured native rat IF identified additional cathepsin L degradation products in the 17- to 23-kDa range. In vitro the binding of cobalamin partially inhibited cathepsin L degradation of IF. Rat rIF produced from either insect (Sf9) or mammalian (CHO) cells and native rat IF were all degraded by cathepsin L, although the prominence of the various products differed in the recombinant preparations, being 33 and 36 kDa, respectively. Native rat IF was most sensitive to proteolysis, and no degradation products were identified. Rat 125I-rIF was taken up by LLC-PK1 cells, and 125I from degraded IF appeared abundantly on the basolateral side of cell monolayers by 1 h. The intracellular products of rat rIF in LLC-PK1 cells were the same size as those produced in vitro by the action of cathepsin L. Antiserum against a human kidney cDNA cathepsin L fusion protein easily demonstrated the protease in rat intestinal mucosa, as well as in all other tissues tested. These data suggest that cathepsin L is the protease responsible for the leupeptin-sensitive intracellular degradation of IF.
Identifying Gifted Students: Educator Beliefs regarding Various Policies, Processes, and Procedures

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Issues regarding the identification of gifted students have perplexed the field almost since its inception. How one identifies gifted students has tremendous ramifications for a gifted education program's size, curriculum, instructional methods, and administration. Little is known, however, regarding educator beliefs regarding gifted identification methods. The current national study surveyed 900 public school educators regarding which identification methods they supported. The educators believed that standardized tests, portfolios of student work, and teacher nominations were valid means of identification but did not support parent or peer nominations. Statistically significant differences existed between administrators and gifted education specialists, on the one hand, and regular classroom teachers, on the other hand, regarding the usefulness of standardized test scores and teacher nominations as methods of identifying students for gifted programs. Such results are potentially valuable to school administrators, gifted education specialists, and regular classroom teachers who work with gifted students.
Arduino based Wi-Fi enabled remote control platform

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The technologies used in controlling systems remotely are widely limited to Bluetooth, Infrared light and RF radiation. This limits the distance over which systems can be controlled. Thus, the purpose of this project is to overcome this control limitation by using a Wi-Fi enabled system. A simple server-client model is setup where the client side acts as the user controller and on the server side the hardware devices get controlled through the same Wi-Fi network. This when broadened to the wide area network encompasses the whole internet and thus makes the remote control distance independent. For this purpose, the project uses the Arduino platform including the Arduino Uno microcontroller and the Arduino Wi-Fi Shield. It involves both building the hardware interface and developing the software code to control the system remotely using Wi-Fi through one’s browser from any Internet enabled device. For demonstration purposes, the system we control includes driving the wheels of a platform by controlling the motor; sending messages to be displayed on the LCD screen and unlocking a simple electric door lock, all using a computer or hand phone’s internet browser. The technology used in the project is capable of being used for research or consumer products for commercial purposes.
Finger bending estimation for gesture recognition by wrist shape motion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, the use of VR and AR has become common in various situations. Most of these controllers are still hand-held. Hand-held controllers have a problem of reducing the sense of immersion. Therefore, in this study, we focus on wrist-type controllerswhich is not hand-held controllers. Although the recognition accuracy of gestures is lower with the wrist type than with the conventional method, it is superior in terms of immersiveness and cost for gesture recognition, we propose a method to estimate the degree of finger bending by using a photo reflector to measure the wrist shape caused by finger bending, and by using the linearity obtained by comparing the finger bending with the sensor values. By using the proposed method, the finger bending can be estimated.
Regni Bohemiae Ducatus, Silesia, Marchionatus, Moravia, et Lusatiae.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This 12 cm thick volume has a regular title page, handwritten table of contents, and introductory 42 page text in Gothic German. The decorative title page and maps are in Latin or German. Maps hand colored and lavishly illustrated. "Johann Babtiste Homann (1664-1724), Nuremberg, was born in Oberkammlach, the Electorate of Bavaria. Although educated at a Jesuit school, and preparing for an ecclesiastical career, he eventually converted to Protestantism and from 1687 worked as a civil law notary in Nuremberg. He soon turned to engraving and cartography; in 1702 he founded his own publishing house. Homann acquired renown as a leading German cartographer, and in 1715 was appointed Imperial Geographer by Emperor Charles VI." (Adina Sommer, Antique and Contemporary Art, Munich). This is an early edition of his world atlas, with many maps added later by an owner and with the index pages in manuscript - indicating that this was a composite version of Homann's world atlas, made up for the customer. Publication date is estimated at 1716 from the title page, but most of the maps are undated.
Climate Change and the Spread of Infectious Disease: Be Aware and Stay Informed

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

According to investigators here this week, climate change is one of the key drivers of the emergence, re- emergence and spread of infectious disease. Vector-borne diseases are mainly transmitted by mosquitoes which are particularly sensitive to global warming but changes in the environment created by human behavior combined with international travel cannot be underestimated as key contributors to the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, including Japanese encephalitis (JE), dengue fever and chikungunya. Comprehensive JE vaccination programs exist in many parts of the world, but travellers to endemic areas risk becoming infected themselves. Similarly, those who visit regions of the world where chikungunya is endemic are also at risk for infection and worse, risk bringing the disease back home where others will be infected; promoted by both climate change and urbanization, chikungunya is emerging in countries where it has never been seen before. Since avoiding getting bitten by mosquitoes is difficult, one of the best protection against infection is to be vaccinated against the diseases mosquitoes carry. Several new vaccines targeting mosquito-borne diseases are in development.
A comparative study of access to healthcare and health-related quality of life among adults with disabilities during COVID-19 pandemic in Kakamega County, Kenya

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND This study compared the health-related quality of life of adults with disabilities against a control group in Kakamega County. The effect of access to health care on healthrelated quality of life during COVID-19 was also assessed. METHODOLOGY A case-control study was undertaken with 212 persons with disabilities and a comparator group of 212 individuals. Matching between persons with and without disabilities was based on age (+ or -5 years) and sex. The World Health Organisation Quality of Life Questionnaire and WHO Module on disabilities were adopted to assess Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) and access to healthcare respectively. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS Persons with disabilities had significantly lower HRQOL scores compared with the control group (mean difference, 6.89 p<0.01). They were also more likely to encounter barriers to healthcare access. Access to healthcare was positively associated with the HRQOL for the two groups (0.29 p<0.05) but, those with disabilities who experienced limited access to healthcare had lower HRQOL (-0.09 p<0.038). CONCLUSION Disability was associated with lower HRQOL. In both groups, access to healthcare was linked to higher HRQOL. Policies to enhance access to healthcare for persons with disabilities; subsidies on medical costs, and ensuring disability-friendly hospitals, are imperative. Awareness of the rights of persons with disabilities, and solving inequities in education and labour market access, is necessary to achieve full participation of persons with disabilities in social life.
Association between body mass index and happiness in Africa, the Russian Commonwealth, Europe, Latin America, and South Asia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The issues of overweight and obesity are getting worse. In fact, overweight and obesity are killing more people than underweight in many counties. This paper examines the association between body mass index (BMI) and happiness in different regions including Africa, the Russian Commonwealth, Europe, Latin America, and South Asia using parallel panel data from 88 countries. This paper estimates random effects panel data models with instrumental variables using generalised method of moments (GMM) approach. The empirical results show that lifestyles vary between regions, thus the contribution of happiness to the prevalence of overweight and obesity varies across different regions. Life happiness does not have much effect on overweight and obesity in Africa, Latin America, or the Russian Commonwealth. However, life happiness contributes positively to overweight but not to obesity in South Asia. In South Asia, being a little bit fat or overweight is a sign of happiness, but being obese is a sign of unhealthy.
A Study of Challenges and Prospects of Women Entrepreneurship in India

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Entrepreneur is one of the most important inputs used in the production process which contributes in promoting the creation of new economic technology in the markets, so that the pace of economic development and various opportunities for employment increases, that would prove to be a milestone in the development of markets in terms of products, processes and services. Women also play an important role in the social and economic development of the country. Women entrepreneurship is closely intertwined with instrumental societal and economic benefits. They are growing themselves in the field of business by accepting the alternative challenges of growth and development. From traditional to modern, rural to urban, single to joint venture, unorganized to organized, small to large industries etc.in every enterprise sector, women are strengthening their own foundation and at the same time guiding young women to become successful. This paper is being dedicated to women entrepreneurs. The main objective of this study is to understand the current status of women entrepreneurs in SSI in India and to find out the prospects and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs. This paper is based on secondary data. Various challenges like: lack of financial Support and family responsibilities are faced by women entrepreneurs.
Abstract 15651: The Burden of Nontreatment or Undertreatment Among Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Elevated Stroke Risk: A Systematic Literature Review of Real-world Evidence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Global treatment guidelines (e.g., AHA/ACC/HRS, ESC, JCS) recommend treatment with oral anticoagulants (OACs) for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and an elevated stroke risk, defined by CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score ≥2. However, not all patients with NVAF and an elevated stroke risk receive guideline-recommended therapy. A systematic literature review of observational studies was undertaken based on PRISMA guidelines to identify the body of evidence on untreated and undertreated NVAF among patients with elevated stroke risk, and assess its epidemiological and clinical burden. Methods: An extensive search of MEDLINE, GoogleScholar, the Cochrane Library, relevant conference proceedings, and health technology assessments (HTAs) was conducted for RWE studies. Studies published between 1/2010-4/2020 were included if they evaluated rates of nontreatment or undertreatment in NVAF. Nontreatment was defined as absence of OACs, while undertreatment was defined as treatment with only antiplatelet agents. Studies focusing on valvular AF were excluded. Results: Thirty-nine published studies (13 countries) met inclusion criteria. Rates of nontreatment for patients with elevated stroke risk ranged from 2.0%-51.1% (median: 23.3%), while rates of undertreatment ranged from 10.0%-45.1% (median: 34.6%). Few studies assessed the relationship between nontreatment or undertreatment and clinical outcomes in the evaluated population. Among US outpatients with NVAF and an elevated stroke risk, those undertreated had a higher likelihood of death (HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.05-1.41; p=.006) compared to patients treated with OACs. Also, in a separate US study of NVAF patients with varying levels of warfarin exposure, patients with no warfarin exposure had significantly higher rates of ischemic stroke than patients with low adherence (4.41 vs. 1.87 per 100 person-years, p<.001) or high adherence (4.41 vs. 0.72 per 100 person years, p<.001). Conclusion: Rates of nontreatment and undertreatment among NVAF patients with elevated stroke risk remain high and are associated with potentially preventable cardiovascular events and death. Strategies to increase rates of treatment may reduce adverse clinical outcomes.
The Constitution and constitutionalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A constitution is a body of formal and effective rules and regulations that govern the relationship between people and formal institutions of a state. It is a body of fundamental rules which determines the organisation or structure of the government, and determines the relations among the organs of the government. It also contains a statement of the rights and duties of the citizens of the country. In democratic systems, the constitution is considered a fundamental social contract among citizens, where government receives its powers from the people and is bound by an express set of human rights. The constitution is thus considered a statute superior to ordinary statutes, which it can overrule, and is usually protected by special courts. This chapter analyses the nature and features
of the Constitution of Malaysia and examines the way the Constitution produces a government limited by law.
REPLACEABLE BASES, HYDROGEN AND BASE-HOLDING CAPACITY OF ALBERTA SOILS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Studies on soils from three major soil groups in Alberta showed relatively high content of replaceable bases with normal calcium, magnesium and sodium-potassium ratios. The A 2 horizon of the wooded soils was lowest in replaceable bases and indicates excessive leaching. Excessive leaching has not occurred in any of the horizons of the brown and the black soils. Losses by leaching in the brown and black soils have resulted mainly from the movement of water-soluble cations.Movement of base-exchange complexes from the A 2 horizon of the wooded soils was apparently due to dispersion rather than disintegration. The excess SiO 2 in the A 2 horizon has resulted from disintegration of feldspars rather than from the breaking up of the base-exchange complex.Greater proportions of hydrolytic acidity were found in the A 2 and B 1 horizons of the wooded soils than in the black soils.The wooded soils appear to belong to the podsol group according to the Gedroiz system of classification.
Atomic-Scale Mechanism of the GTP → GDP Hydrolysis Reaction by the Giα1 Protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Quantum chemical calculations were carried out to investigate the hydrolysis reaction of GTP → GDP by Giα1. Giα1 is one kind of G protein and contains a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) inside it. The reason for the increase in GTPase activity in the presence of GAP was examined in detail. Geometry optimization was performed at the Hartree−Fock level using the 3-21G** basis functional set. The energy levels required for all optimized structures of stable and transition states were re-estimated by the density functional theory (B3LYP) method using the 6-31G** basis set. It was revealed that the GTP → GDP hydrolysis reaction proceeds through a proton relay process assisted by a Lys residue. This reaction is a one-step reaction and gives an activation-energy barrier of 35 kcal/mol. A Gln residue, a part of GAP, plays a role in maintaining the position of an H2O molecule near the γ-phosphate of GTP, and the H2O molecule is therefore kept in an appropriate position for initiating the hydrolysis.