jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Patterns and trends of hospital mortality due to non-communicable diseases and injuries in Tanzania: a 10- year retrospective analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Globally, non-communicable diseases (NCD) kill about 40 million people annually, with about three-quarters of the deaths occurring in low and middle-income countries. This study was carried out to determine the patterns, trends, and causes of non-communicable disease mortality in hospitals of Tanzania from 2006-2015.Methods: This retrospective study involved primary, secondary, tertiary, and specialized hospitals in Tanzania. Death statistics were extracted from inpatient department registers, death registers, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) report forms. Variables collected were deceased’s age, sex, cause and date of death. The ICD-10 coding system was used to assign each death to its underlying cause. Data were analysed using STATA version 14. Results: A total of 247,976 deaths were reported during the 10 years (2006–2015) in 39 hospitals. Of the total deaths, 67,711 (27.3%) were due to non-communicable diseases (NCD) and injuries. Cardio-circulatory diseases (31.9%), cancers (18.6%), chronic respiratory diseases (18.4%), and injuries (17.9%) accounted for the largest proportion (86.8%) of deaths due to NCDs. The majority (57.6%) of deaths due to NCD occurred among males. Overall, the total deaths from NCDs increased by 153.3% from 4,298 in 2006 to 10,886 in 2015. The age group 15-59 years (53.4%) was the most affected category. The overall 10-year annual age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for all NCDs and injuries was 235.2 per 100,0000 population. It was higher for males (287.2/100,000) than for females (186.7/100,000). The annual ASMR increased from 11.9 in 2006 to 36.5 per 100,000 populations in 2015. Most of the NCD deaths occurred in the secondary (40.0%) and primary level hospitals (27.8%). There were variations in the type of non-communicable diseases by geographical distributions. Conclusions: There was a substantial increase in ASMR due to NCDs and injuries in Tanzania from 2006 to 2015. Most of the deaths due to NCD and injuries affected the productive young adult group and males. The burden caused by NCD in the most productive ages means that families, communities, and the nation at large suffer from premature deaths. The government of Tanzania must invest in early detection and timely treatment of NCDs to reduce premature deaths.
[Ultrastructurometric study of the reaction of the enterocyte microvilli in the rat small intestine in natural feeding].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A study was made of the time-course of changes in the length of the microvilli at three main sites of the rat small intestine after natural feeding with a mixture of milk, bread and sunflower seeds. The length of the microvilli during fasting was shown to be maximal in the upper third of the villi and minimal in the apical pole of the villi. After feeding the microvilli experienced shortening which was least marked in the ileum. The morphometric parameters of the microvilli response in enterocytes of the intestinal parts under test are provided depending on their location on the villi. Actomyosin complex of the microvilli was found to take an active part in absorption. The findings confirm the hypothesis of the pinocytic mechanism by which the nutrients are absorbed.
Supplementary Tables from Development of Circulating Tumor Cell-Endocrine Therapy Index in Patients with Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Table S1. Antibodies used for CTC and tissue studies. Table S2. Stage 2 stopping rules for the cumulative number of successfully assayed patients. Table S3. A. CTC-Enumeration Points based on CTC Enumeration B. CTC-Bio-Points<sup>a</sup> Footnotes:<sup>a</sup>Only aliquots with CTC {greater than or equal to}5/7.5 ml WB evaluated <sup>b</sup>Low or negative ER expression is weighed more than BCL-2, HER2, and Ki67 due to its fundamental role in endocrine responsiveness. C. Calculation of CTC-ETI Scores. D. CTC-ETI Categories. Footnote: Abbreviations: CTC= circulating tumor cells; ER = estrogen receptor; ET= Endocrine Therapy; MBC = metastatic breast cancer; ET= endocrine therapy. Table S4. CTC-ETI determination in cultured human breast cancer cell lines spiked into normal human blood and evaluated by the CellSearch<sup>®</sup> system. Table S5. Examples of low, intermediate, and high CTC-ETI from patient samples. A. LOW CTC-ETI Patient # 5 (Primary Tissue: ER 90% positive, HER2 negative by FISH; Metastatic tissue: ER positive, HER2 negative by FISH)* B. INTERMEDIATE CTC-ETI Patient #4 (Primary Tissue: ER {greater than or equal to}95% positive, HER2 0 by IHC; Metastatic tissue: insufficient tissue to evaluate ER and HER2)* C. HIGH CTC-ETI Patient # 3 (Primary Tissue: ER 60% positive, HER2 1+/2+ by IHC; Metastatic tissue: ER 75% positive; HER2 1+ by IHC)* Footnote: *ER and HER2 as per initial clinical laboratory using the laboratory's criteria for positivity or negativity. Table S6.< CTC-ETI for each patient. Footnote: <sup>a</sup>AF =Analytical Failure (CTC<5 in 1 of 4 aliquots, while the other 3 aliquots had {greater than or equal to}5 CTC/7.5mL and the average was {greater than or equal to}5 CTC/7.5mL); <sup>b</sup>TF=Technical Failure (Machine failure in at least one of 4 aliquots). Table S7. Concordance between biomarkers in primary and metastatic tissues and CTC. <sup>a</sup>Kappa score for concordance between CTC and tissue biomarker for respective biomarker.</p>
Arabidopsis and sunflower plants with increased xylem area show enhanced seed yield

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Plant architecture plasticity determines the efficiency at harvesting and plays a major role defining biomass and seed yield. We observed that several previously described transgenic genotypes exhibiting increased seed yield also show wider stems and more vascular bundles than wild‐type plants. Here, the relationship between these characteristics and seed yield was investigated. Hanging weight on the main stem of Arabidopsis plants provoked significant stem widening. Such widening was accompanied by an increase in the number of vascular bundles and about 100% of yield increase. In parallel, lignin deposition diminished. Vascular bundle formation started in the upper internode and continued downstream. AUX / LAX carriers were essential for this response. The increase of vascular bundles was reverted 3 weeks after the treatment leading to an enlarged xylem area. Aux1 , lax1, and lax3 mutant plants were also able to enlarge their stems after the treatment, whereas lax2 plants did not. However, none of these mutants exhibited more vascular bundles or seed yield compared with untreated plants. Weight‐induced xylem area enhancement and increased seed yield were also observed in sunflower plants. Altogether these results showed a strong correlation between the number of vascular bundles and enhanced seed yield under a long‐day photoperiod. Furthermore, changes in the levels of auxin carriers affected both these processes in the same manner, suggesting that there may be an underlying causality.
Surface enrichment-depletion duality in a binary polymer blend

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have measured the surface segregation towards the vacuum in films of a binary mixture of deuterated E48EE52 (d52)—and hydrogenous E38EE62 (h66)—random olefinic copolymers. Here E and EE are the linear ethylene and branched ethyl ethylene groups (C4H8) and [C2H3(C2H5)], respectively. The d52 copolymer is enriched at the surface when d52 is the minority component in the blend. On the contrary, the surface is depleted in the d52 chains, when they constitute a majority of the mixture. We have determined two branches of the segregation isotherm corresponding to the enrichment and the depletion. A mean-field Cahn model describes consistently these two isotherm branches. The observed enrichment-depletion duality modifies a common viewpoint on surface segregation.
A comparative study of bank distress prediction models

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Accurately forecasting bank distress is crucial for maintaining stability in the financial system. This thesis conducts a comparative study of bank distress prediction models in seven Asian economies. The research period covers the years from 2003 to 2019. The main objective of this research is to investigate factors that provide signals of distress in banks and suggest a prediction methodology for use in Asian emerging and developing economies. To achieve these objectives, four quantitative methodologies - multiple discriminant analysis (MDA), logit (or logistic) model, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) – were employed to predict bank distress using data from seven selected economies. The research incorporates non-conventional variables in the prediction model to explore the asymmetric effect of profitability on the likelihood of bank distress under different macroeconomic conditions. Additionally, the study examines acquired financially distressed banks in the modeling process, which is a novel contribution compared to previous literature. The results of the study show that while logit is preferable due to interpretability, XGBoost has an advantage in predictive accuracy. Hence, a combination of logit and XGBoost is highly recommended for practitioners in distress prediction. The study emphasis the more sensitive influence of profitability on bank distress in high-GDP growth economy or during non-crisis period. By identifying the factors that contribute to bank distress and suggesting a suitable prediction methodology, this study can help policymakers make informed decisions to mitigate the negative effects of bank failure and prevent a systemic crisis. This thesis also contributes to the literature on bank distress prediction models by providing a comparative analysis across different economic environments.
Efficiency of Maintenance Activities in Aggregate Quarries: A Case Study of Wear Parts on Loaders and Excavators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Technological equipment in quarries that extract and deliver aggregates for different uses operates in a predetermined flow depending on the type of rocks exploited and the dimensional characteristics imposed on the final products. In this context, the interruptions in operation required to replace high-wear parts (such as the teeth of excavators and bucket loaders) must be limited as much as possible through technological solutions to increase their service life. The evolution of the wear of the teeth of the quarry equipment that come into direct contact with rocks was concretely established in the production process, in parallel with the wear values obtained by simulating the wear phenomenon in laboratory conditions, in order to validate the data collected during the operation of the machines. Preventive–repetitive maintenance within the activities of reconditioning the worn surfaces of the teeth, through the charging process by manual electric welding with covered electrodes, was applied directly to the machine, which led to the shortening of the interruptions in operation necessary to replace these spare parts.
Reliability of Body Fat Measures by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Elderly Hemiplegic Stroke Patients in Long-Term Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

［目的］近赤外線分光（NIRS）法による体脂肪率，体脂肪量，除脂肪体重の信頼性を検討すること。［対象］高齢脳卒中片麻痺患者10例（男性5例，女性5例，年齢78±9歳）。［方法］複数回の測定を非麻痺側と麻痺側に分けて行い，級内相関係数（ICC）にて検者内信頼性を検討した。また，対応のあるt検定，変動係数（CV），Bland-Altman Plot（BA Plot）にて非麻痺側と麻痺側の差異を検討した。［結果］ICCは0.9以上で高い信頼性が示された。t検定では6例に非麻痺側と麻痺側で有意差が認められたが，CVには認められなかった。BA Plotは体脂肪率が低い例で誤差が生じる傾向を示した。［結語］誤差は小さく，非麻痺側と麻痺側での測定は同精度と考えられた。
Perbanyakan dan Konservasi In Vitro Plasma Nutfah Talas (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schoot)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>Taro is a potential source of carbohydrate<br />for anticipation of climate change. In vitro technology have<br />not been widely implemented for tuber crops conservation.<br />Conservation of the crops is mostly conducted in field. Such<br />conservation is very susceptible to biotic and abiotic stress.<br />The research consisted of two activities i.e: micropropagation<br />and conservation. The objectives were to obtain taro in<br />vitro propagation and conservation method. The trial was<br />arranged in a factorial design with six replications. Five taro<br />accessions were used as the first factor for each study. The<br />second factor in propagation study was propagation medium<br />i.e: MS; MS + 2.9 μM IAA + 4.4 μM BA and MS + 2.9 μM IAA<br />+ 22,2 μM BA. Shoot tip from taro sucker was used as<br />explant. The second factor in conservation study was MS<br />medium containing mannitol (0, 30, 40, and 50 g/l). Twoleaves<br />in vitro shoots from micropropagation study was used<br />as explants. The addition of BA in MS medium + 2.9 μM IAA<br />increased the number of shoot of taro germplasm. The best<br />medium for micropropagation of taro germplasm No. 21 and<br />Talas Jahe is MS + 2,9 μM IAA + 4,4 μM BA, whereas the<br />best medium for No. 503, Talas Jahe and Lumbu Banten is<br />MS + 2,9 μM IAA + 22,2 μM BA. Based on data of plant<br />height, percentage of leaf life and shelf life, MS medium +<br />manitol 40 g/l was the best medium for taro germplasm<br />conservation with prolong sub-culture interval.</p>
Drilling and non-drilling predation in gastropod aggregations in the intertidal zone of a New Zealand Harbour

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

cribed C. glandiformis (Reeve, 1847), "which converge in scores on dead animal remains, and may also be active carnivores, thrusting the long proboscis through the narrow umbonal fissures of Chione and other bivalves", as the universal scavenger of mud Members of the buccinid gastropod genus Cominella are abundant components of the intertidal fauna of many Australian and New Zealand sheltered beaches where they commonly form aggregations around food items 1,2,3 .For New Zealand, Morton & Miller 2 des-
Pacing Without Wires: Leadless Cardiac Pacing.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Initial studies of both the Nanostim and Micra LCPs show favorable efficacy and safety results compared to transvenous pacemakers. Pending US Food and Drug Administration approval, these devices will transform our ability to provide pacing for patients with bradyarrhythmias. Future developments may allow for completely leadless single-chamber and multichamber pacing, ushering in an era of pacing without wires.
Part III RESULT OF TREATMENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

COMPUTATION OF RELATIVE SURVIVAL RATEDEFINITION OF VARIOUS CLASSIFICATIONS OF GLIOMAS BY CODE NUMBER#MANTEL'S CHI-SQUARE TEST: EVALUATION OF DIFFERENCE IN WHOLE SURVIVAL TIME PATTERNS1. Survival Rate2. Survival Rates of Primary Brain Tumors Classified by Operation, Radiation, Clinical Gradings (1981-1996)1) 5-Year Relative Survival Rate (cases between 1985-1990): Various Brain Tumors2) 5-Year Cumulative Survival Rate (cases between 1985-1990): Various Brain Tumors
The Socialist Retrieval of Liberal Democracy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Against the background of partial definitions of "capitalism," "socialism," and "liberal democracy," the political-theoretical effort associated with the work of C.B. Macpherson to retrieve liberal democracy for socialism is defended. Considerations are advanced to mitigate liberal-democratic mistrust of anti-democratic potentials of socialist planning; retrieval is characterized (as the supersession of key liberal- democratic values); and ways that socialists might appropriate liberal- democratic pluralism are sketched as an example.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (TPF regimen) followed with robotic surgery and its impact on outcome in management of esophageal cancers: Indian experience.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

407 Background: Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy coupled with robotic three stage esophagectomy have shown promising results in esophageal cancer. Methods: 136 patients diagnosed with squamous cell cancer esophagus were included to analyze the benefit of NACT with DCF (docetaxel 75mg/m 2 day 1, cisplatin 75mg/m 2 day 1, 5-FU 750mg/m 2 per day 1-4) regimen 3 cycles followed by three stage robotic esophagectomy. Esophagus, assessed by EUS and PET-CT scan, pre-chemo and post-chemo, in biopsy proven Squamous cell Carcinoma Oesophagus. All the data pertaining to chemotherapy and surgery were prospectively maintained in a data base. Results: Median age 62.7 years, male to female 5.9:4.1. T2 4%, T3 90% & T4 6%. N0 10% & N+90%. Post NACT, Partial response of 50.8%, and a complete pathological response of 27.6% was observed with response rate of 66.3%. 20 pts. had mucositis, but none had grade 3 toxicity, neutropenia in 24 pts. and febrile neutropenia in 7 pt., vomiting and fatigue in 35 pts. Mean blood loss 256.5±85.8ml, duration of surgery 322.4±28.4min, ICU stay 1.5±0.8-day, hospital stay 10.5±2.1 day. Proximal and distal margin was negative for all whereas only 2 patients had a positive CRM. Mean Lymph node yield was 22.4±3.5 nodes. All patients had complete robotic surgery with no conversions and major intraoperative complication. Post-operatively Minor complication was noted in 5 patients temporary vocal cord palsy, 10 delayed gastric emptying, wound infection in 3 and minor lung infection 9. Major complication in form of leak (3), stenosis (5), chylous leak (4) was noted. 30-day mortality 4.5%. With the longest follow up of 50 months, 3 year DFS and OS was 75.4% & 68% respectively. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemotheraphy with TPF regimen showed excellent response rates with minimal G3 toxicity and is well tolerated in Indian patients. Combination of NACT with robotic esophagectomy has excellent outcome with low morbidity & mortality.
Industry Specialists, Audit Fees and Auditor Size: Evidence from Taiwan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the effect of industry specialists on audit fees in Taiwan. The empirical results show that auditor specialists charge higher audit fees, indicating that auditor specialists provide quality-differentiated services. Further evidence demonstrates that the Big 5 audit firms also charge higher fees, indicating that auditor size could be a proxy in measuring audit quality. When the sample is grouped into electronics industry and non-electronics industries, specialist fee effects in the electronics industry are much significant than those in non-electronics industries.
Transcriptome profiling of two rice genotypes under mild field drought stress during grain-filling stage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Drought is one of the most critical abiotic stresses that threaten crop production worldwide. This stress affects the rice crop in all stages of rice development; however, the occurrence during reproductive and grain-filling stages has the most impact on grain yield. Although many global transcriptomic studies have been performed during the reproductive stage in rice, very limited information is available for the grain-filling stage. Hence, we intend to investigate how the rice plant responds to drought stress during the grain-filling stage and how the responses change over time under field conditions. Two rice genotypes were selected for RNA-seq analysis: ‘4610’, previously reported as a moderately tolerant breeding line, and Rondo, an elite indica rice cultivar susceptible to drought conditions. Additionally, 10 agronomic traits were evaluated under normal irrigated and drought conditions. Leaf tissues were collected during grain-filling stages at two time points, 14 and 21 days after the drought treatment, from both the drought field and normal irrigated field conditions. Based on agronomic performances, ‘4610’ was less negatively affected than Rondo under mild drought conditions, and expression profiling largely aligned with the phenotypic data. The transcriptomic data indicated that, in general, ‘4610’ had much earlier responses than its counterpart in mitigating the impact of drought stress. Several key genes and gene families related to drought stress or stress-related conditions were found differentially expressed in this study, including transcription factors, drought tolerance genes and reactive oxygen species scavengers. Furthermore, this study identified novel differentially expressed genes (DEGs) without function annotations that may play roles in drought tolerance-related functions. Some of the important DEGs detected in this study can be targeted for future research.
School of Nursing, Amachara 2023/2024 (ADMISSION FORM IS OUT) Registration Guidelines CALL ☎ 07037035269 AND +2347037035269 You learn a complete set of medical skills. Think nursing is all about sticking needles in arms You're wrong. Your training spans health science, social science, technology and theory. Better get revising. Having all the problems of the patients – and the doctors – thrown at you at once is a challenge, but many nurses say this is what they thrive on. If you like variety and a job that keeps you on your toes, this is for you.

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

School of Nursing, Amachara 2023/2024 (ADMISSION FORM IS OUT) Registration Guidelines CALL ☎️ 07037035269 AND +2347037035269 You learn a \ncomplete set of medical skills. Think nursing is all about sticking needles in arms You’re wrong. Your training spans health science, social science, technology and theory. Better get revising. Having all the problems of the patients – and the doctors – thrown at you at once is a challenge, but many nurses say this is what they thrive on. If you like variety and a job that keeps you on your toes, this is for you.
Multidisciplinary management of a fused maxillary central incisor moved through the midpalatal suture: A case report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Fusion of teeth is a developmental anomaly. It occurs at the stage of tooth formation, which determines the shape and size of the tooth crown, when one or more teeth fuse at the dentin level during the morphodifferentiation of the dental germs. Such teeth show macrodontia and may cause crowding, as well as esthetic and endodontic problems. In this article, we report a rare case of a maxillary central incisor fused to a supernumerary tooth showing labial and palatal talon cusps, which was orthodontically moved across the midpalatal suture. A 13-year-old Caucasian boy sought treatment for the unesthetic appearance of his maxillary central incisor and anterior crowding. He was rehabilitated successfully via a multidisciplinary approach involving orthodontic, nonsurgical endodontic, periodontal, and prosthodontic treatments. After a 26-month treatment period, the patient's macroesthetics and microesthetics were improved. The overall improvement of this macrodontic tooth and its surrounding tissues through multidisciplinary treatment was documented using cone-beam computed tomography.