jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Importance of Syndesmotic Reduction on Clinical Outcome After Syndesmosis Injuries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between syndesmosis reduction and outcome. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: One Level 1 and 1 Level 3 Trauma Center. Patients: Ninety-seven patients with syndesmosis injury. Intervention: Stabilization of syndesmosis injury. Open reduction and internal fixation of malleolar fracture, if present. Main Outcome Measurements: Anterior, central, and posterior measures of syndesmosis width on computed tomography scans, Olerud–Molander Ankle score, American Orthopaedic Foot and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot score, and range of motion measurements. Results: Eighty-seven patients completed 2 years of follow-up. The difference in anterior tibiofibular distance (aTFD) between the injured and noninjured ankle postoperatively had a significant effect on the Olerud-Molander Ankle score after 6 weeks [b = −2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI), −4.8 to −0.4; P = 0.02], 1 year (b = −2.7, 95% CI, −4.7 to −0.8; P < 0.001), and 2 years (b = −2.6, 95% CI, −4.6 to −0.6; P = 0.009) and on American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot score after 6 weeks (b = −2.2, 95% CI, −3.7 to −0.7; P = 0.004), 1 year (b = −1.7, 95% CI, −3.0 to −0.4; P = 0.04), and 2 years (b = −1.9, 95% CI, −3.2 to −0.5; P = 0.006). The effect of computed tomography measurements on range of motion was inconsistent. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated that aTFD had adequate discriminatory performance (area under the ROC curve ≥ 0.7) 1 and 2 years after surgery and the central measurement at only 2 years after surgery. ROC analyses indicate a cutoff value for syndesmosis malreduction of 2 mm. The postoperative rate of malreduction was 32%. Conclusions: The aTFD correlated with clinical outcome. A 2-mm difference in aTFD seems to predict poorer clinical outcome. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Subjective Well-being (SWB) of Sport Event Participants: Causes and Effects

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Amateur athletes invest a lot of effort, time, and money on participating in events such as marathons and bike races. The aim of the study is to explore whether this increases their subjective well-being (SWB). The study addresses both what contributes to SWB and the effects of SWB for participants in large-scale sport events. More than 7,000 sport event participants responded to surveys including measures of sociodemographics, participation in sport events, perceptions of quality and satisfaction of the event, behavioral intentions, and SWB. Building on theories of SWB and serious leisure, hypotheses linked to the causes and effects of SWB are explored. Results show that sociodemographics, past relational activities, and past event participation influence SWB. Furthermore, with higher SWB the sport event participants are more satisfied, perceive a higher quality, and are more likely to participate in future events. These are proposed to be effects of SWB. For sports clubs and event organizers the results help inform marketing efforts before, during, and after events. In particular, if participants with serious leisure careers are identified.
Translocation of myelin basic protein mRNA in oligodendrocytes requires microtubules and kinesin

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA is localized to the myelin membranes of oligodendrocytes. When exogenous MBP mRNA is microinjected into oligodendrocytes in culture, it is transported along the processes and localized to the myelin compartment in a multistep intracellular RNA trafficking pathway. In the work described here, oligodendrocytes were treated with agents that affect the cytoskeleton including: nocodazole, to disrupt microtubules; taxol, to stabilize microtubules; cytochalasin, to disrupt microfilaments; and kinesin anti-sense oligonucleotide, to suppress kinesin expression. Digoxigenin-labeled MBP mRNA was microinjected into the treated cells and the extent of translocation of the microinjected RNA was determined by confocal microscopy. Nocodazole, taxol, and kinesin anti-sense oligonucleotide inhibited translocation of microinjected MBP mRNA, while cytochalasin B and kinesin sense oligonucleotide did not. These results indicate that translocation of MBP mRNA in oligodendrocytes requires intact microtubules and kinesin but does not require intact microfilaments. The results are discussed in relation to the current multistep model for intracellular RNA trafficking in oligodendrocytes. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 38:318–328, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Virulence of Three Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Tomato Crop

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background and Objective: Bemisia tabaci (B.tabaci) is the most widespread insect pest of broad range of greenhouse and field crops.It is a serious threat to crop production due to direct damage.The aim of this study was to study the virulence of three entomopathogenic fungi against Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.Materials and Methods: This study was carried out during 2 successive seasons (2015 and 2016).In this study trading compounds of entomopathogenic fungi, Bio magic (Metarhizium anisopliae), Bio power (Beauveria bassiana) and Bio catch (Verticillium lecanii) were used.Three concentrations were used (1×10 7 , 1×10 8 and 1×10 9 spores mLG 1 ).Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and followed by a least significant difference (LSD at 5%, p>0.05).Results: Under laboratory conditions V. lecanii, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae mortalities were happened after 3 days from treatment.The maximum percent of mortality (100%) was occurred after the 6th day from treatment with the 3rd concentration in all isolates.The 3rd concentration (1×10 9 spores mLG 1 ) was the highly toxic in V. lecanii, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae to the adult of B. tabaci compared with the other two concentrations.Under field conditions the 3rd concentration (1×10 9 ) also was the best concentration against whitefly after the third application in V. lecanii, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae.The percent of reduction was ranged between 52 and 100% in all concentrations.V. lecanii was more virulence than B. bassiana and M. anisopliae against B. tabaci.Conclusion: These results confirmed that V. lecanii, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae isolates are promising agents for whitefly control in the field.
On Nonlinear Control of Single-Phase Converters With Active Power Decoupling Function

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a nonlinear controller is presented for regulating an emerging class of high power density, high power-conversion efficiency, and high reliability (H 3 ) single-phase power converters featuring small buffering capacitors. The proposed controller combines the best features of input-output feedback linearization and an automatic-power-decoupling (APD) control strategy, and achieves enhanced dynamic performances as compared to existing solutions based on linear control techniques. By feedback linearization, the plant models of H 3 single-phase converters are fully linearized and decoupled, and thus fast dynamics, large-signal asymptotic tracking, and global stability can be achieved with simple linear controllers. Additionally, the APD strategy further strengthens the robustness of the closed-loop system as active pulsating power buffering (of the instantaneous power difference between the ac-port and the dc-port of the converter) of basically any form can be achieved. With the proposed nonlinear controller, we are able to further exploit the potential and unlock several new features intrinsic in H 3 single-phase converters, e.g., active voltage holdup function, allowing extended holdup time (comparable to existing products with large dc-link capacitors) with only a small energy storage. The general theory, design procedures, and practical considerations of the nonlinear controller are detailed. A 100-W hardware prototype is also built to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed solution. New opportunities of H 3 single-phase power converters with the aid of the proposed nonlinear control are also suggested for future research.
A knowledge-first approach to episodic memory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper aims to outline, and argue for, an approach to episodic memory broadly in the spirit of knowledge-first epistemology. I discuss a group of influential views of epsiodic memory that I characterize as ‘two-factor accounts’, which have both proved popular historically (e.g., in the work of Hume, 1739-40; Locke 1690; and Russell 1921) and have also seen a resurgence in recent work on the philosophy of memory (see, e.g., Dokic 2014; Michaelian, 2016; Owens, 1996). What is common to them is that they try to give an account of the nature of episodic memory in which the concept of knowledge plays no explanatory role. I highlight some parallels between these two-factor accounts and attempts to give a reductive definition of knowledge itself. I then discuss some problems two-factor accounts of episodic memory face in explaining the distinctive sense in which episodic recollection involves remembering personally experienced past events, before sketching an alternative approach to episodic memory, which takes as basic the idea that episodic memory involves the retention of knowledge. I argue that we can give an exhaustive constitutive account of what episodic memory is, and how it differs from other types of mental states, by considering what particular type of knowledge is retained in episodic memory, and what exactly having that knowledge consists in.
[Experimental study and clinical application of endothelium seeded vena caval prostheses].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One hundred and eleven mongrel dogs were used for this study. Endothelial cells were harvested from jugular vein or omentum with methods of collagenase digestion and density gradient separation. Animal model of prosthetic interposition into the inferior vena cava with or without distal arteriovenous fistula was established. The complete endothelialization was established 5 to 10 days following a high density seeding. The neointimal hyperplasia was inhibited. A 100-day 100% patency of prosthesis was reached. The seeded endothelium secreted higher level of PGI2 than normal control and lower level of TXB2, hence the positive effect of distal AVF functioning for a week on the patency was demonstrated. This method used in 10 cases with Budd-Chiari syndrome resulting in good outcome after 3 to 5 years follow-up. We conclude that the endothelial seeding technique has a promising future using in the venous circuit.
Leaf anatomy and systematics of New World Velloziaceae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The leaf anatomy of 106 species of New World Vello- ziaceae has been studied with the purpose of providing important character- states in assessing the systematics of the family.Transverse section of the leaves have shown the type of sclerenchyma and mesophyll patterns that are assignable either to the genus Vellozia or Barbacenia (sensu lato).In addition to the light microscope, the scanning electron microscope was used to examine epidermal surfaces of the leaves as well as their internal structures.The SEM has served as a remarkable tool in allowing us to examine the topography of the leaf sur- face in three-dimension.Details of the structure of the stomata, the furrows in the leaf, and the types of hairs, including coalescent hairs, have been observedfor the first time.The application of leaf anatomy in the taxonomy of the family has been stressed.Light and scanning electron micrographs are presented as an aid in the identification of each species.
Pediatric Emergency Medicine: Legal Briefs.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From the Division of Emergency Medicine, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; The Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA. Disclosure: The author declares no conflict of interest. Reprints: Steven M. Selbst, MD, 1600 Rockland Rd, Wilmington, DE 19803 (e-mail: [email protected]).
Effects of Manipulating Hypothalamic Triiodothyronine Concentrations on Seasonal Body Weight and Torpor Cycles in Siberian Hamsters

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Siberian hamsters display photoperiodically regulated annual cycles in body weight, appetite, and reproduction. Previous studies have revealed a profound up-regulation of type 3 deiodinase (DIO3) mRNA in the ventral ependyma of the hypothalamus associated with hypophagia and weight loss in short-day photoperiods. DIO3 reduces the local availability of T(3), so the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that decreased hypothalamic T(3) availability underlies the short-day-induced catabolic state. The experimental approach was to determine whether a local increase in T(3) in the hypothalamus of hamsters exposed to short days could reverse the behavioral and physiological changes induced by this photoperiod. In study 1, microimplants releasing T(3) were placed bilaterally into the hypothalamus. This treatment rapidly induced a long-day phenotype including increased appetite and body weight within 3 wk of treatment and increased fat mass and testis size by the end of the 10-wk study period. In study 2, hypothalamic T(3) implants were placed into hamsters carrying abdominal radiotelemetry implants. Again body weight increased significantly, and the occurrence of winter torpor bouts was dramatically decreased to less than one bout per week, whereas sham-implanted hamsters entered torpor up to six times a week. Our findings demonstrate that increased central T(3) induces a long-day metabolic phenotype, but in neither study was the molt cycle affected, so we infer that we had not disrupted the initial detection of photoperiod. We conclude that hypothalamic thyroid hormone availability plays a key role in seasonal regulation of appetite, body weight, and torpor.
Crop & Progenitor Results Predicted Distributions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Results obtained from using the sdmdl package on the dataset obtained for the 'Crop & Progenitor' case study. For all 52 species in the case study it contains: 1) Fully trained model. Serialized to a .h5 file. 2) Feature impact graph, showing the 20 most important variables sorted by their impact on the model output (in descending order). 3) Raster file, containing the final predicticted distribution. Values are on a scale from 0 to 1, representing the probability of a species presence. 4) Illustration map, showing the global predicted distribution of a species.
Isolation and identification of fish import consumption bacteria in a fish quarantine center, focusing on the quality control and safety of fishery products at Tanjung Priok, Jakarta

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Several bacteria were found that were not classified as DIQP I or II bacteria. Every \nimported fish that enters the territory of Indonesia has to go through a quarantine process first. \nThis is because the imported fish may contain the identified bacteria. This study aims to isolate \nand identify bacteria in several types of imported fish and to find out whether the bacteria \nidentified are a Disease Inducing Quarantine Pest (DIQP) I or II. The bacterial identification \nwas conducted using biochemical and molecular biology tests, including Polymerase Chain \nReaction (PCR). The fish samples analyzed were 69 tails consisting of 10 imported fish species \n(Mackerel, Salmon, Tuna, Swordfish, Marlin, Black Cod, Oil Fish, Yellow Tail, Pacific Saury, \nFlounder fish). The results of the isolation and identification of the imported fish samples \nthrough the biochemical tests identified 16 types of bacteria, dominated by Aeromonas caviae, \nPseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus morganii, Proteus vulgaris, and Vibrio fluvialis. The results \nof the test with the Polymerase Chain Reaction obtained all negative test samples for \nAeromonas salmonicida. The bacteria found in imported fish are therefore not classified as \nDIQP I or DIQP II.
Surface Runoff and Diffuse Nitrogen Loss Dynamics in a Mixed Land Use Watershed with a Subtropical Monsoon Climate

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The surface hydrology and diffuse pollution loading is hypothesized based on the unique characteristics under different rainfall types in watersheds with a subtropical monsoon climate. This study evaluated the effects of different rainfall event intensity on surface runoff and diffuse nitrogen loss in a subtropical watershed located in the latitude range between 22.5° north and 25° north in southern China by adapting the hydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). The rainfall events were classified into four categories including light rainfall (LR), moderate rainfall (MR), intense rainfall (IR), and extreme rainfall (ER). Our results showed that the ER events had the lowest occurrences of 7 days per year, but they contributed the most to total surface runoff (54.29%) and TN losses (57.63%) in the subtropical watershed researched. Although forests and pastures had a better effect on reducing diffuse pollution, their surface runoff and nitrogen loss were still proved to be serious under ER events. As for the nitrogen loss form, water-soluble nitrogen oxides nitrogen (ON-N) loss was the dominant form of total nitrogen (TN) loss, which accounted for 90% of the total loss in the simulated watershed in the subtropical monsoon climate region. Under LR events, however, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) accounted for 74.54% and 55.59% of TN losses from paddy fields and dry lands, respectively. The effects of antecedent soil water content (ASW) on surface runoff and TN loss were higher under ER events. The surface runoff and TN loss in the high-ASW condition were 1.17–3.86 times and 1.34–1.76 times higher, respectively, than in the low-ASW condition. These findings highlighted the important influence of ER events on diffuse pollution and have significant implications for controlling diffuse pollution under different rainfall types. This conclusion proved that extra attention and efforts are required in handling non-point-source pollution in subtropical monsoon watersheds than the watersheds in cooler regions because the natural systems including forest and pastures are no longer effective enough in controlling surface runoff and TN loss during ER.
Passive control architecture for virtual humans

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the present paper, we introduce a new control architecture aimed at driving virtual humans in interaction with virtual environments, by motion capture. It brings decoupling of functionalities, and also of stability thanks to passivity. We show projections can break passivity, and thus must be used carefully. Our control scheme enables task space and internal control, contact, and joint limits management. Thanks to passivity, it can be easily extended. Besides, we introduce a new tool as for manikin's control, which makes it able to build passive projections, so as to guide the virtual manikin when sharp movements are needed.
A simple method for precise phase alignment between high-speed transceivers in FPGA

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The on-chip clock network of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) usually only runs at a few hundred megahertz. For higher-speed off-chip data communication applications, the integrated high-speed Serial/Deserial (SerDes) transceiver can easily extend this limitation to a few gigahertz. However, the phase relationship between different SerDes transceivers is uncertain every time it is powered on, which greatly limits the high-speed digital control applications that require multiple SerDes transceivers for cooperative operation. This paper present a simple method to achieve phase alignment between multiple outputs of SeDes transceivers in FPGA. This method only takes a small amount of fabric logic resources, but has synchronization accuracy of 2.5 ps, and can be easily integrated into many applications such as high-speed control of gigahertz quantum key distribution.
Loss and Damage from the Impacts of Climate Change: A Framework for Implementation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Loss and damage from the impacts of climate change affect many countries and communities across the world. In 2013, the Warsaw Mechanism on Loss and Damage, created through the United Nations Framework on Climate Change ( unfccc ), established an institutional process to respond to such impacts. This paper aims to contribute to the growing literature on climate liability by outlining a normative framework based on international law that can be used as a guiding path for the mechanism. It is argued that addressing loss and damage in line with these core principles and international law is required to develop a robust and legitimate mechanism. This framework is then used to answer critical questions regarding an international loss and damage mechanism for climate change.
How to influence the professional discretion of street-level bureaucrats: transformational leadership, organizational learning, and professionalization strategies in the delivery of social assistance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Developing professional discretion of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) is not only an important strategy for bridging the gap between public service rules at policy level and sophisticated individual service needs at practical level, but it also has recently become a hot topic in public management. This study advances the SLB theory by providing empirical evidence that organizational learning capability and organizational type buffered the impact of transformational leadership on professional discretion in a sample of 595 Chinese professional social workers. This research showed that establishing an internal professional learning mechanism in public service agencies was conducive to improving SLBs’ professional discretion.\n\n
Women on the Civil War Battlefront

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this work, Richard H. Hall brings his Patriots in Disguise: Women Warriors of the Civil War (1993) up to date, with corrections. It is informed by the scholarship of historians such as Elizabeth D. Leonard (All the Daring of a Soldier, 1999) and DeAnne Blanton and Lauren M. Cook (They Fought Like Demons, 2002). Drawing his evidence from various published accounts, regimental histories, military records, and newspaper stories, Hall also includes information provided by descendents of some of the women covered in his earlier work. Finally, he makes use of sources on the Internet, where Civil War buffs have made items such as unit rosters and soldiers' correspondence available. The result of his painstaking labors is a work that demonstrates, even after a full chapter devoted to debunking myths, that innumerable women, perhaps thousands, violated gender norms to serve as soldiers in the American Civil War. Moreover, he found instances where disguised women actually rose in the enlisted ranks and a few who advanced as officers. Some were discovered when they were wounded and others when they gave birth. These women came from the North and the South and among them were African Americans serving Union units.