jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Roles of soluble TAM receptors, ligands for these receptors, and shedding enzymes in patients with acute pancreatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The goal of the study was to measure the plasma levels of soluble TAM receptors (sTAMRs: Tyro3, Axl and Mer), growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6), free-PROS1 (Protein S), and C4bp-protein and two disintegrin metallopeptidase domains (ADAM 10 and 17) in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). The subjects were 56 patients, including 14 cases of severe AP and 42 cases of mild AP, and 20 healthy normal controls. Plasma levels of the three sTAMRs, Gas6, free PROS1 and C4bp-protein, and two ADAMs were measured using ELISA kits. The levels of the sTAMRs and ADAM10 and 17 increased markedly with greater severity of AP. Three sTAMRs increase rate became the order of sTyro3, sMer and sAxl, while ADAM10 was higher than ADAM17. The platelet count and PROS1 significantly decreased in AP but there are differences between C4bp-protein, but these are not significant. sTAMRs levels increased in the early stage in almost all AP patients, but then gradually normalized. However, sTAMRs in non-survivors increased again in the late stage. The fluctuations of ligands (Gas6 and free-PROS1) levels in AP patients showed progress like three sTAMRs. The correlation coefficients of sTAMRs with ligands were stronger for free-PROS1 in non-survivors and patients with severe AP, whereas Gas6 was more strongly correlated with sTAMRs in patients with mild AP. Marked increases of sTAMRs and ADAMs were found with increased severity of AP. Gas6 and free-PROS1 in the TAM system may have complementary roles in local and systemic lesions, respectively.
Cuprous Oxide Nanoparticle Supported on Iron Oxide (Cu 2 O‐Fe 3 O 4 ): Magnetically Separable and Reusable Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of Quinazolines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This work reports the preparation of magnetically recyclable cuprous oxide supported on iron oxide (Cu 2 O‐Fe 3 O 4 ) nanocomposites. The prepared Cu 2 O‐Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of quinazolines using 2‐bromobenzaldehydes ( 1 a ) with benzylamines ( 2 b ) and sodium azide in greener solvent ethylene glycol (EG) under ligand free condition. The prepared nanocomposites was examined using different characterization techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission gun‐scanning electron microscopy (FEG‐SEM), energy‐dispersion X‐ray (EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetry (TGA) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The Cu 2 O‐Fe 3 O 4 nanocatalyst could be recycled upto six time without any loss of in its catalytic activity.
Pyroelectric Effect Enables Simple and Rapid Evaluation of Biofilm Formation

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Biofilms are detrimental to human life and industrial processes due to potential infections, contaminations, and deterioration. Therefore, the evaluation of microbial capability to form biofilms is of fundamental importance for assessing how different environmental factors may affect their vitality. Nowadays, the approaches used for biofilm evaluation are still poor in reliability and rapidity and often provide contradictory results. Here, we present what we call biofilm electrostatic test (BET) as a simple, rapid, and highly reproducible tool for evaluating in vitro the ability of bacteria to form biofilms through electrostatic interaction with a pyroelectrified carrier. The results show how the BET is able to produce viable biofilms with a density 6-fold higher than that on the control, after just 2 h incubation. The BET could pave the way to a rapid standardization of the evaluation of bacterial resistance among biofilm-producing microorganisms. In fact, due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, it is well suited for a rapid and easy implementation in a microbiology laboratory.
Interpreting seasonal convective mixing in Devils Hole, Death Valley National Park, from temperature profiles observed by fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Devils Hole, a groundwater‐filled fracture in the carbonate aquifer of the southern Nevada Mojave Desert, represents a unique ecohydrological setting, as home to the only extant population of Cyprinodon diabolis , the endangered Devils Hole pupfish. Using water column temperatures collected with a fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensor (DTS) during four field campaigns in 2009, evidence of deep circulation and nutrient export are, for the first time, documented. The DTS was deployed to measure vertical temperature profiles in the system, and the raw data returned were postprocessed to refine the calibration beyond the precision of the instrument's native calibration routines. Calibrated temperature data serve as a tracer for water movement and reveal a seasonal pattern of convective mixing that is supported by numerical simulations of the system. The periodic presence of divers in the water is considered, and their impacts on the temperature profiles are examined and found to be minimal. The seasonal mixing cycle may deplete the pupfish's food supplies when nutrients are at their scarcest. The spatial and temporal scales of the DTS observations make it possible to observe temperature gradients on the order of 0.001°C m −1 , revealing phenomena that would have been lost in instrument noise and uncertainty.
Critical role for Sec22b-dependent antigen cross-presentation in antitumor immunity

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

CD8+ T cells mediate antigen-specific immune responses that can induce rejection of solid tumors. In this process, dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to take up tumor antigens, which are processed into peptides and loaded onto MHC-I molecules, a process called “cross-presentation.” Neither the actual contribution of cross-presentation to antitumor immune responses nor the intracellular pathways involved in vivo are clearly established because of the lack of experimental tools to manipulate this process. To develop such tools, we generated mice bearing a conditional DC-specific mutation in the sec22b gene, a critical regulator of endoplasmic reticulum–phagosome traffic required for cross-presentation. DCs from these mice show impaired cross-presentation ex vivo and defective cross-priming of CD8+ T cell responses in vivo. These mice are also defective for antitumor immune responses and are resistant to treatment with anti–PD-1. We conclude that Sec22b-dependent cross-presentation in DCs is required to initiate CD8+ T cell responses to dead cells and to induce effective antitumor immune responses during anti–PD-1 treatment in mice.
Expression of nuclear transcription factor E2F2 protein in ovarian serous tumor tissue and its clinical significance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the expression of nuclear transcription factor E2F2 protein in ovarian serous tumors and its clinical significance.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression of E2F2 protein in 33 cases of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinama,11 cases of borderline serous cystadenoma,13 cases of serous adenomas and 12 cases of normal ovarian tissues.Results:The positive rates of E2F2 protein in serous cystadenocarcinama,borderline serous cystadenoma,serous adenomas and normal ovarian tissues were 72.73%,54.55%,15.38%,8.3%,respectively.The positive rates were compared among the four groups,and it present a significant differences(P0.05)between serous cystadenocarcinama,borderline serous cystadenoma and serous adenomas,normal ovarian tissues respectivly,but no significant differences were observed between serous cystadenocarcinama and borderline serous cystadenoma,serous adenomas and normal tissues(P0.05).In serous cystadenocarcinama,the positive rates of E2F2 protein were increasing with rising of pathologic staging(P0.05),but no relationship with pathologic grade,lymphonodes(P0.05).In serous cystadenocarcinama,the positive level of E2F2 protein was increasing with the rising of pathologic staging and the depressing of pathologic grade(P0.05),but no significant differences between it and lymphonodes(P0.05).Conclusion:The expressions of E2F2 protein were significantly increased in serous cystadenocarcinama and borderline serous cystadenoma,and the expressions of E2F2 protein were correlated with FIGO stage and differentiation grade.E2F2 might play a promoting role in the genesis and progression of ovarian carcinoma.
Framing Policy Visions of Big Data in Emerging States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background Emerging states, such as Brazil, India, and China (the BICs), have big plans for big data and digitalization. Research has identified distinct policy visions regarding how technological advances can facilitate economic development and improve governance. Analysis This article examines how BIC governments frame data-driven ambitions across the diverse issue areas in which governments plan to use big data, as well as how they frame the role(s) of the government and citizens in the era of big data. Conclusion and implications We find clear differences in discussions of big data across the BICs and across issue areas. Moreover, we show the societal changes that governments seek to effect using big data vary greatly in scope, with Brazil and India seeking more fundamental changes than China.
Supplementary Figures S1 - S11 from CRISPR Screens Provide a Comprehensive Assessment of Cancer Vulnerabilities but Generate False-Positive Hits for Highly Amplified Genomic Regions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure S1. Comparison of drop out phenotypes in MKN45, RKO, HT1080 highlighting selected pan-lethal genes. Supplementary Figure S2. The genes that scored as lethal by both RNAi and CRISPR were strongly enriched for known essential genes classes. Supplementary Figure S3. To identify likely off-target hits the lethality scores of non-expressed genes were examined, as they are expected not to be required for cell viability. Supplementary Figure S4. shRNAs directed towards CDK9 do not show robust protein depletion. Supplementary Figure S5. Additional methods measuring the proliferation effects of individual sgRNA/shRNAs to validate the impact that targeting selected genetic dependencies have on cell viability. Supplementary Figure S6. Correlation analysis displaying features that correlated most significantly with sgRNA potency. Supplementary Figure S7. Effect of relative position within a gene on sgRNA viability effects. Supplementary Figure S8. Non-scoring sgRNA in conserved Pfam domains have a reduced editing efficiency compared to guides with strong viability effects. Supplementary Figure S9. Multiple genomic cuts result in DNA damage induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Supplementary Figure S10. Multiple genomic cuts lead to an increase in cell death. Supplementary Figure S11. Pie chart demonstrating that the overall contribution of copy number effects in determining essential genes in aneuploid lines is relatively minor.</p>
High-efficiency joint-transform correlator for symbolic substitution

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Symbolic substitution was firet proposed by Haung as a mean of utilising the parallelism of optics to perform digital computing. Essentially, it is a combination of recognition and substitution phase. In addition, although synibolic substitution is not restricted to space invariant operations, it is indeed based on the space invariant connectivity of optics. Therefore, holographic associative memory techniques may be alternatively applied to implement a symbolic substitution logic system.
Aegilops cylindrica HOST IG 147018

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Aegilops cylindrica HOST
Common name(s): Wheat
Conserved by: International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon
Local sample unique identifier: IG 147018
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2010-09
Other identifiers: n/a,ICAG 0
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Included
Modeling the Effects of Incorporated Residue on Rill Erosion Part I: Model Development and Sensitivity Analysis

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A computer simulation model was developed to predict soil erosion rates when incorporated residue acts as a stable grade control in a rill. The length of rill between two stable residue sections was considered an independent control volume. The independent control volumes were linked in series to compute the total sediment load rate from the rill. The model was developed with the assumptions that the sediment delivery is at a quasi-steady state, the transport capacity is much greater than the sediment load and the rill flow is subcritical. The model simulates the sediment load rates, changes in rill geometry, and final rill geometry. The model sensitivity to hydraulic, soil, and model variables was evaluated. The simulated sediment load rates were most sensitive to changes in the soil critical shear and rill soil erodibility parameters.
Studies on the Application of PCR Molecular Diagnosis to Silkworms with Simulated Pebrine Disease

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The pathogen of Pebrine disease in silkworm is Nosema bombycis Nageli (N.b). Based on published data, one effective primer set VIF/530R, which matched conserved regions of microsporidian SSU-rDNA from N.b and the other microsporidium species were selected. In order to consult the practicality of PCR diagnosis to Pebrine disease, the sensitivity and effectivity of PCR assay for different concentration of N.b(3×101-7ml-1)mixed with moths and Bombyx eggs to simulate natural N.b infection were studied, respectively. Under this paper抯 DNA extraction methods and PCR conditions, the template DNA from purified N.b spores and from spores diluted in tissues from Bombyx mori eggs and moths to simulate natural N.b infection were amplified. The results are as follows:(1)the sensitivity of PCR diagnosis was 3?04 N.b穖l-1 for purified spores (the slight bands were up to 3102-3N.bml-1), and 3?05 N. b穖l-1 for spores mixed with tissue from Bombyx moths, respectively. All of them are therefore excessive or equal to the sensitivity of microscopical diagnosis currently used as criteria to quarantine silk moths in the field in China.(2)For the DNA template from spores diluted in tissues from Bombyx eggs simulated naturally N.b infection, there are no target bands with the primer set VIF/530R, it suggested that there exist inhibitory substances from the eggs interfere with PCR amplification, but not exist in the extraction of moths.
TIME MANAGEMENT IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT OF CORPORATIONS

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The process of time management in the management of corporate projects is con­sidered. It was determined that time management is the process of deliberately structuring the work schedule of an employee and the enterprise as a whole to best meet the goals set before them. It is proposed to use corporate time management to increase the efficiency of its activities. The main principles of time management are considered, which are: goal orientation, work planning, priori­tization, orientation to opportunities, self-discipline, motivation, effectiveness and quality of rest, documenting goals, distribution of tasks, new activities and new knowledge, hierarchical planning, efficiency of work time distribution, converting creativity, information and communication. 20 most common time management methods used in corporations are analyzed: getting things done, perso­nal efficiency program, Gantt chart for planning tasks and time, do it tomorrow (Mark Forsterʼs method), T. Busenʼs mind map, D. Eisenhowerʼs priority matrix, ALPEN method, elimination me­thod, the "eat the frog" method (FrogBusiness), the "tomato" method, the "elephant" method or the "salami" method, fixed time methods (timing), the "Swiss cheese" method, the "6P" rule, the 50/5 principle, the Vilfredo Pareto (20/80), ABC analysis system, B. Franklinʼs time management system (pyramid), case sorting (M. Clarin method), 100 blocks. It is proposed to understand time manage­ment in project management as establishing the main goal, following it by developing the main stages of implementation, analyzing the availability of resources, setting priorities, developing an appropriate work schedule and monitoring each stage of implementation. Advantages and disad­vantages of each method are separated. It is proposed to understand time management in project management as establishing the main goal, following it by developing the main stages of implemen­tation, analyzing the availability of resources, setting priorities, developing an appropriate work schedule and monitoring each stage of implementation. It was determined that project management is a process of planning, organization, implementation and control over the project in order to achieve the set goal. It has been established that any project team can improve time management through a selection of tools. Choosing the right supplies, toolset, and time management techniques for your project team is critical to keeping everyone on schedule and meeting deadlines.
Failure of cap-rock seals as determined from mechanical stratigraphy, stress history, and tensile-failure analysis of exhumed analogs

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the sedimentologic and tectonic histories of clastic cap rocks and their inherent mechanical properties control the nature of permeable fractures within them. The migration of fluid through mm- to cm-scale fracture networks can result in focused fluid flow allowing hydrocarbon production from unconventional reservoirs or compromising the seal integrity of fluid traps. To understand the nature and distribution of subsurface fluid-flow pathways through fracture networks in cap-rock seals we examine four exhumed Paleozoic and Mesozoic seal analogs in Utah. We combine these outcrop analyses with subsidence analysis, paleoloading histories, and rock-strength testing data in modified Mohr–Coulomb–Griffith analyses to evaluate the effects of differential stress and rock type on fracture mode.
Projected future runoff of the Breede River under climate change

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Breede River is the largest river in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, and as such, is a key resource for avariety of activities within the region. It is this significance of the river that prompted a study into the impact of climatechange on future runoff in the river and hence, the potential impacts a projected change in catchment runoff may have onthe future use of the river. Due to the complexities of the catchment only specialised hydrological models can capture thesystem dynamics of the river adequately. This limitation prompted the use of an alternative approach (self-organising maps(SOMs)) to hydrological modelling and, at the same time, performed an assessment of the appropriateness of this alternative approach for use in such applications. SOMs are a powerful tool in synoptic climatology as they can be used to objectively classify a large number of daily synoptic states into a predetermined number of groups. Each archetypal synoptic pattern is linked to an observed associated runoff in the catchment. With an assessment of the change in frequency of each atmospheric state from control to future comes an assessment of the change in frequency of the associated runoff from control to future. The end result of this is a quantified assessment of the projected change in both high-frequency runoff events and in the projected change in mean annual runoff (MAR) in the catchment from the present to the future under 3 climate models. Not only does this information assist in the process of long-term policy decisions made in relation to water-transfer schemes, but it also allows for an assessment of the future ecological sustainability of the catchment. This is achieved by assessing the projected future level of flow at each runoff gauging station against the current benchmark for ecological sustainability.
Abstract 634: Silencing miR144 Enhances Regression and Attenutates Progression of Atherosclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cholesterol imbalance plays a central role in multiple diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. Lipid-loaded macrophage foam cells are a critical determining factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate both cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism, and may significantly contribute to disease progression. We previously identified miR-144 as a novel regulator of lipid metabolism that is also regulated by the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR). We identified the cholesterol transporter ABCA1 as a miR-144 target gene, and showed that increased hepatic expression of miR-144 decreased ABCA1 protein and plasma cholesterol levels. Consequently, we hypothesized that silencing miR-144 may have therapeutic potential because it may increase the levels of atheroprotective HDL particles and enhance reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) due to increased ABCA1 levels in macrophages. Here we present en face analysis of atherosclerosis showing that silencing miR-144 both enhanced regression and attenuated progression of atherosclerosis. In addition, we demonstrate that silencing miR-144 enhances RCT, the process by which macrophage cholesterol is returned to the liver for excretion. Together, these data suggest that this pathway may represent a bona-fide strategy to treat atherosclerosis.
International competition: how cognitive maps can help top management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Increasing international competition creates more complex environments for managers to deal with. The diversity of countries, customer behavior, and management styles requires local adaptations combined with a global strategy.2 New organizational structures and administrative mechanisms are designed to cope with this increased diversity. Multinational corporations have adapted various solutions, such as decentralization, divisionalization, and matrix structures to reduce the strategic variety that top managers have to cope with at the corporate level, but they are not sufficient. Top managers have to develop a "world view" or "mind-set."3 Bartlett and Ghoshal (1989) argued that "the task is not to build a sophisticated structure, but to create a matrix in the minds of managers."4 Moreover the executives in the top management team have the particular function to integrate strategies across business sectors and geographical zones. Consequently, the complexity of top managers' mental maps of their competition should match the complexity of their international strategic systems.5
Mexican Trypanosoma cruzi stocks: analysis of minicircle kDNA homologies by cross-hybridization

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Homologies of minicircle kDNA of 27 Mexican stocks were studied by cross-hybridization with four kDNA probes derived from three reference stocks belonging to groups Trypanosoma cruzi I (SO34 cl4 and Silvio) and T. cruzi II (MN) and one Mexican stock. High homologies were only observed with Silvio (six stocks) and Mexican probes (11 stocks). After 30 min exposure (low homology) additional stocks were recognized with SO34 cl4 (three stocks) and Silvio (six stocks) probes; with the Mexican probe only five stocks remained non-reactive. All the stocks were typed by isoenzyme (16 loci) and Mexican stocks belonged to T. cruzi I. Hybridization patterns were not strictly correlated with the observed clustering and cross-hybridization of kDNA minicircles is not available to distinct Mexican stocks.