jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Frazeologie romštiny ve vybraných textech

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The work describes the character of phraseology of the so-called Slovak Romani in the selected literary texts and in the light of this description, tries to find answers to the basic problems of Romani phraseology. Special attention is paid primarily to the following fields: identification of phraseologisms, description of properties, categorization, problems with translation, and specification of the vitality of phraseologisms. The work is based on theoretical conclusions made by prominent Slovak and Czech linguists found in its first part. The second part of the work is dedicated to the classification and description of excerpted phraseologisms. Each phraseologism is fitted with the following information: meaning, examples of application, variants, synonyms, antonyms, and Slovak and Czech phraseological equivalents. The work tests how well-known and lively the phraseologies excerpted from literature are by comparing their frequency of occurrence in the language of native speakers and by questionnaire research found in the third part. The focal point of the work is represented by authentical examples of how each phraseologism is used both in literature and colloquial Romani. These later may be used for compilation of a phraseological dictionary.
Control, Stability and Filter for a Discrete Linear Stochastic System with Correlated Noise.

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

FOR A DISCRETE STATIONARY STOCHASTIC LINEAR SYSTEM WITH CORRELATED NOISE WE SHOW THE EXISTENCE OF A LINEAR CONTROL WHICH LEADS TO AN EQUIVALENT MODEL WITH UNCORRELATED NOISE WITHOUT MODIFYING THE STA- BILITY OF THE SYSTEM. UNDER THE HYPOTHESIS OF CORRELATED NOISE THE GAIN OF THE KALMAN FILTER AND THE SOLUTION OF THE RIC- CATI EQUATION ARE DETERMINATED.
Paradise or pandemonium? West African landscapes in the travel accounts of Victorian women

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Recent attempts to include women in histories of geography have often drawn on the work of women travel writers in the British empire. Research to date has tended to focus on discourse theory, and the spatial context of the journey has been somewhat neglected. In their efforts to assert that travel writing is an essentially gendered form of representation, several theorists have failed to recognize the complexities in the varying responses to and depictions of overseas territories by women travellers. This paper emphasizes the importance of the regional context of the journey by analysing landscape descriptions in the narratives of Victorian women travellers in West Africa. It explores how women travel writers contributed to the popular geographies of West Africa in Victorian Britain and, more specifically, investigates the extent to which the images contained in their narratives were informed by, or challenged, Britain's myth of the "Dark Continent" during the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. It also analyses how the temporal context of the journey, the evolving nature of British imperial culture, and contemporaneous ideas about romanticism, "wilderness" and "sanctuary", were important factors in the landscape descriptions of West Africa by women travellers.
COVID-19: How Effective Are the Repurposed Drugs and Novel Agents in Treating the Infection?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted the lives and wellbeing of many people. This globally widespread disease poses a significant public health concern that urges to discover an effective treatment. This review paper discusses the effectiveness of repurposed drugs used to treat COVID-19 and potential novel therapies for COVID-19. Among the various repurposed drugs, remdesivir is the only agent approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat COVID-19. On the other hand, several drugs have been listed in the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the FDA to treat COVID-19, including casirivimab and imdevimab, baricitinib (in combination with remdesivir), bamlanivimab, tocilizumab, and IL-6 inhibitors. In addition, in vitro and clinical studies have suggested cepharanthine, sotrovimab, and XAV-19 as potential treatments to manage COVID-19. Due to inadequate understanding of COVID-19 and the rapid mutation of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 remains a threat to global public health, with vaccination considered the most effective method to decrease COVID-19 transmission currently. Nevertheless, with the intense efforts of clinical researchers globally, more promising treatments for COVID-19 will be established in the future.
Acquired Hemophilia presenting as Gross hematuria following Kidney Stone – A case report and review of the literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A rare condition in itself, acquired hemophilia A, seldom presents as isolated gross hematuria. It is a serious condition with a high mortality rate and thus clinical suspicion followed by prompt diagnosis is imperative (1). In fact, only 8 cases of such presentation of this condition have been reported thus far in the literature. Of these, none describe the initial presentation of hematuria with the inciting event of a kidney stone. We present a case of a 67-year-old man with signs and symptoms of nephrolithiasis accompanied by profuse hematuria, who was subsequently found to have developed expression of factor VIII inhibitor leading to acquired hemophilia A.
N′1,N′3-Dimethyl-N′1,N′3-bis(phenylcarbonothioyl) Propanedihydrazide (Elesclomol) Selectively Kills Cisplatin Resistant Lung Cancer Cells through Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cisplatin is an important chemotherapeutic agent in lung cancer treatment. The mechanism of drug resistance to cisplatin is complex and historically has been difficult to overcome. We report here that cisplatin resistant lung cancer cell lines possess high basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when compared to normal cells and their parental cell counterparts. These resistant cells also have low thioredoxin (TRX) levels which may be one of the contributory factors to high ROS. N′1,N′3-dimethyl-N′1,N'3-bis(phenylcarbonothioyl) propanedihydrazide (elesclomol), an agent known to increase ROS is selectively toxic to cisplatin-resistant cells, while sparing normal cells and the parental counterpart. The cytotoxic effect of elesclomol in resistant cells is accompanied by further decreases in TRX and glutathione (GSH) antioxidant systems, while opposite results were found in parental cells. The ID50 of elesclomol in cisplatin-resistant cells ranged from 5–10 nM, which is well within clinically achievable ranges. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), which is known to neutralize ROS, can abolish the cytotoxic effect of elesclomol, suggesting that the cytotoxic effect results from increased ROS. Overall, our data suggest that elesclomol selectively kills cisplatin-resistant tumor cells through increased ROS. This agent may hold potential to overcome cisplatin resistance and should be further explored to treat patients who have failed cisplatin therapy.
Effectiveness of leader-member exchange on employee outcomes in cross-cultural environment of China–Pakistan economic corridor

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a framework of regional connectivity in which employees have to work in a cross-cultural environment. This study has extended the leader-member exchange theory by investigating the mediating role of employee commitment (EC) between the relationship of leader-member exchange (LMX) and employee's work-related behaviors. Design/methodology/approach PLS-SEM technique was used to test the model by utilizing a multi-wave/two-source data collected from employees and their supervisors ( n = 500) working in different energy projects of CPEC. Findings According to the results/findings, LMX has a significant positive impact on employee commitment, employee performance (EP) and open-minded discussions, but insignificant impact on innovative work behaviour (IWB). Mediating role of employee commitment was significant between the relationship of LMX with EP and open-minded discussions, but insignificant with the IWB. Originality/value The study contributes empirical evidence to understanding the leader-member exchange relationship among Chinese managers and Pakistani workers. It also contributes to the LMX theory literature by investigating the effect of LMX on followers' outcomes (employee performance, IWB, open-minded discussions) through employee commitment.
Promoting understanding of special education procedural safeguards through a parental workshop

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

By law, parents of children with disabilities must receive their Procedural Safeguards every time their student is going to be evaluated, re-evaluated, or considered for a change of disability identification or placement. Special Education teachers provide parents with a copy of Procedural Safeguards in their native language and provide an oral explanation of the safeguards. These efforts are often not enough for parents to understand their rights. This study analyzed the impact of providing a workshop on Procedural Safeguards for Spanish speaking parents. The research also examined parent's perception in regards to participation in IEPs. The results suggest that the workshop was valuable to parents. Following the workshop, the Spanish-speaking parents expressed greater self-confidence in participating in IEP meetings and the majority appeared to have maintained information relevant to the Procedural Safeguards and IEP process.
<title>Methods for influencing the optical properties of dichromated gelatin films</title>

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we describe the spectral characteristics of transmission and reflection holograms in dichromated gelatin (DCG), and their dependence on process parameters. The aim of our research efforts was, to manufacture holograms with low absorption and scattering and well defined optical properties, as central wavelength, bandwidth, and refractive index modulation. Losses due to absorption and scattering can be minimized by employing inorganic hardeners. By means of process control it is possible to manufacture reflection grating holograms with bandwidths between 11 nm and well above 360 nm. It was found that the hardening time, exposure energy, dehydration temperature and initial layer thickness affect the bandwidth and central wavelength of reflection holograms strongly. The shift of the Bragg-angle of holographic transmission gratings depends on the pH- value of the swelling bath and was found to be lowest at pH 9.
The Changing Face of Ultimate Frisbee and the Politics of Inclusion

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A growing body of scholarship has revealed the increasing role of digital media in action sports. In this chapter, I build on this research through an examination of intersections between digital media, emergent semi-professional leagues and debates over gender inequities in Ultimate Frisbee (Ultimate). Although gender inequities have a long history within Ultimate, public debate over these inequities has visibly increased in recent years in tandem with the simultaneous development of Ultimate-specific digital niche media and semi-professional men-only leagues. While digital media has been an important vehicle for players raising concerns over gender inequities in Ultimate, in a similar manner to other sports, there has been a notable, hypermasculine backlash directed at those voicing concerns.
Development of a Tri‐Layered Vascular Construct and In Vitro Evaluation of Endothelization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Advances in the development of vascular substitutes for small‐sized arteries are ongoing because the present grafts do not entirely meet the requirements of native equivalents and are suboptimal in clinical performance. This study aims to develop a tri‐layered vascular construct mimicking natural tissue using polyester blends and to investigate its endothelization through in vitro studies as a potential small‐caliber vascular graft. The innermost layer is obtained by dip coating as a tubular porous film with a lumen diameter of 3 mm and a pore size of ≤8 µm. Circumferentially aligned electrospun fiber (diameter 100–800 nm) with a deviation angle of 15° are deposited over the porous film forming the intermediate layer. The random electrospun fibers (diameter 100–1100 nm) deviating at different angles are wrapped as the outermost layer. The mechanical properties of the tri‐layered vascular construct are determined to be 44.80 ± 14.80 MPa for Young's modulus and 4.25 ± 0.75 MPa for ultimate tensile strength. MTS and cell behavior studies show that the isolated human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells proliferate and line the lumen of the vascular substitute. The vascular construct developed, with its biomimetic architecture, mechanical features, size, and endothelization, can be tested with in vivo studies.
Power penalty in 1.3-μm InP-based strained-layer multiple-quantum-well lasers at elevated temperatures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present a basic design rule for reducing the light output power penalty in 1.3-μm InP-based strained layer (SL) multiple-quantum-well (MQW) lasers at elevated temperatures. The power penalty is shown to have a strong correlation with a critical temperature (T/sub c/): above T/sub c/, the power penalty rapidly increases due to a significant reduction in differential quantum efficiency. It is indicated that T/sub c/ can be estimated for an arbitrary laser structure by using a self-consistent numerical method. We show that, to minimize the power penalty, it is essential to design an SL-MQW laser so that its T/sub c/ is larger than the required maximum operation temperature.
Thermal supervision during robotic laser microsurgery

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a system to supervise tissue temperature during robotic laser surgery. The use of robotic systems for laser surgery provides mechanisms to control the motion of the laser beam and the exposure time of laser radiation, allowing the automatic generation of incisions. This work focuses on the perception side of the problem, developing a technology for the online verification of the thermal state of the tissue during robotic laser microsurgery. Obtaining this information is paramount to enable automatic control of laser incision quality, which is directly related to tissue temperature. A model learned from real data estimates the change in temperature given the exposure time and power of the laser. The model is implemented in the real system and validated during laser incisions on ex-vivo tissue. Results show that the model can reliably estimate the thermal state of the tissue in real-time, and thus is suitable to produce feedback for automatic control of laser incisions.
Genotype, Row Spacing and Environment Interaction for Productivity and Grain Quality of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) in sub-tropical Australia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is grown between the 45oN and 45oS as a summer food legume, and consumed by billions of people in the world. Recent renewed interest from Australian growers prompted the current study to evaluate high-yielding varieties and develop agronomic parameters for this crop. Performance of four selected pigeonpea genotypes were assessed under three row spacing (25, 50 and 100 cm) treatments and at one plant density (30 plants/m2) in two diverse Australian environments (Kingaroy and Gatton) in Queensland. Decreasing row spacing from 100cm to 25cm led to a linear increase in mean shoot dry matter (DM) at both sites. However, maximum grain yields of up to 2.9 t/ha were achieved at 50cm row spacing but the yields declined at 25cm spacing at both sites. Genotypic variation for radiation use efficiency (RUE) measured at Gatton site ranged from 1.40 to 1.76 g/MJ, which accounted for 76% of variation in DM. There was a significant effect of site and genotype on grain N and 100-seed mass. The study demonstrated that pigeonpea could be grown as a legume break crop in subtropical Australia, with potential export market opportunities.
Advances in weed management for organic cereal production in southeast Australia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Organic cereal production in southeast Australia is challenging for producers due to a range of e of influences such as weeds and low soil available phosphorus. Two experiments were conducted on a certified organic property at Berrigan NSW during 2001-2003 to investigate ‘within crop’ weed management and forage crop management for weed control. Sowing later using a short season wheat cultivar did not affect yield and reduced (P<0.05) levels of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.). Incorporating a forage crop into the rotation prior to sowing a cereal resulted in improved (P<0.05) weed management for the cereal crop, in comparison to retaining annual pasture. There were no differences between forage treatments in weed management in the following wheat crop. Where forage was cut for silage and then grazed, grain yield was higher (P<0.05) than where forage was only grazed or cut for silage, or where annual pasture was retained.
Atomic Layer Deposition from Dissolved Precursors

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We establish a novel thin film deposition technique by transferring the principles of atomic layer deposition (ALD) known with gaseous precursors toward precursors dissolved in a liquid. An established ALD reaction behaves similarly when performed from solutions. "Solution ALD" (sALD) can coat deep pores in a conformal manner. sALD offers novel opportunities by overcoming the need for volatile and thermally robust precursors. We establish a MgO sALD procedure based on the hydrolysis of a Grignard reagent.
Comparasion of iles-iles and cassava tubers as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae substrate fermentation for bioethanol production

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Kusmiyati (2010) Comparasion of iles-iles and cassava tubers as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae substrate fermentation for bioethanol production. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 7-13. The production of bioethanol increase rapidly because it is renewable energy that can be used to solve energy crisis caused by the depleting of fossil oil. The large scale production bioethanol in industry generally use feedstock such as sugarcane, corn, and cassava that are also required as food resouces. Therefore, many studies on the bioethanol process concerned with the use raw materials that were not competing with food supply. One of the alternative feedstock able to utilize for bioethanol production is the starchy material that available locally namely iles-iles (Amorphophallus mueller Blum). The contain of carbohydrate in the iles-iles tubers is around 71.12 % which is slightly lower as compared to cassava tuber (83,47%). The effect of various starting material, starch concentration, pH, fermentation time were studied. The conversion of starchy material to ethanol have three steps, liquefaction and saccharification were conducted using α-amylase and amyloglucosidase then fermentation by yeast S.cerevisiaie. The highest bioethanol was obtained at following variables starch:water ratio=1:4 ;liquefaction with 0.40 mL α-amylase (4h); saccharification with 0.40 mL amyloglucosidase (40h); fermentation with 10 mL S.cerevisiae (72h) producing bioethanol 69,81 g/L from cassava while 53,49 g/L from iles-iles tuber. At the optimum condition, total sugar produced was 33,431 g/L from cassava while 16,175 g/L from iles-iles tuber. The effect of pH revealed that the best ethanol produced was obtained at pH 5.5 during fermentation occurred for both cassava and iles-iles tubers. From the results studied shows that iles-iles tuber is promising feedstock because it is producing bioethanol almost similarly compared to cassava.
Relativistic OVIII emission and ionized outflow in NGC 4051 measured with XMM-Newton

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer observations of the soft X-ray spectrum of NGC 4051 and explore their implications for the inner accretion disk and ionized outflow in the active galactic nucleus. We fit the soft X-ray excess with a relativistically broadened O VIII recombination spectrum, including the entire line series and recombination continuum. This plus an underlying power-law continuum provides a much better fit to the soft X-ray spectrum than a single temperature or disk blackbody plus power law. The emission-line profiles, computed for a Kerr metric around a maximally rotating black hole, reveal a sharply peaked disk emissivity law and inner radius smaller than 1.7RG. The spectrum also includes narrow absorption and emission lines from C, N, O, Ne, and Fe in an ionized outflow. Outflow column densities are relatively low and do not create significant edges in the spectrum. The small amount of absorption bolsters confidence in the detection of relativistic emission-line features. The narrow- line emitter has a large (76%) global covering fraction, leading to strong forbidden lines and filling in of the resonance absorption lines. We also find broad C vi Lyalpha and very broad O VII emission from the broad-line region. The narrow-and broad-line regions span large ranges in ionization parameter and may arise in a disk outflow. The ionized absorber has a large ionization range, which is inconsistent with pressure equilibrium in a multiphase medium. The mass outflow rate exceeds the accretion rate by a factor of 1000.
[Safety pharmacology from the regulatory veiwpoint: past, present and future].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Safety pharmacology, a discipline unrecognized until the last few years, is now the subject of Japanese, American, European and ICH draft guidelines. The aim of these guidelines, either of a general nature or targeted at one particular organ, is to define the necessary pharmacology studies as well as the conditions in which these studies must be performed to ensure the safe use of new molecules when they are administered to man. This presentation attempts to give a comparative analysis of these documents and to place them in the context of future international harmonization.
ANTAGONISM BY DIBUTYRYL ADENOSINE CYCLIC 3',5'-MONOPHOSPHATE AND TESTOSTERONE OF CELL ROUNDING REACTIONS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In an attempt to understand further the mechanism of the morphological and functional "reverse transformation" of CHO-K1 cells induced by dibutyryl adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and testosterone, the kinetics of variation in the susceptibility of cells to rounding after the addition or deletion of dibutyryl cAMP and testosterone have been investigated. Changes in susceptibility to cell rounding upon removal of divalent cations or pulse exposure to concanavalin A were complete within 0.5–1 h after addition or deletion of drug. In comparison, the gross conversion of CHO-K1 cells from epithelial- to fibroblast-like morphology after drug treatment or the converse change after drug removal required 8 or 4 h, respectively. The effects on cell rounding are not caused by an effect of dibutyryl cAMP upon cell growth rate. Inhibitor experiments indicate that the changes investigated do not require continued RNA or protein synthesis and are not prevented by agents which depolymerize microtubules.