jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Halodule pinifolia: Short, F.T., Williams, S.L., Carruthers, T.J.R., Waycott, M., Kendrick, G.A., Fourqurean, J.W., Callabine, A., Kenworthy, W.J. & Dennison, W.C.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.
Chaotic behaviour and order to chaos transition of 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Chaotic behaviour of time-dependent spherically symmetric SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs system near the 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole solution is investigated by calculating the maximal Lyapunov exponents. As a parameter depending on the self-interaction constant of scalar fields increases there is a phase-transition-like behaviour from order to chaos in the system. Presence of Higgs scalar fields reduces chaos in the Yang-Mills system.
Rat cortical synaptosomes have more than one mechanism for Ca2+ entry linked to rapid glutamate release: studies using the Phoneutria nigriventer toxin PhTX2 and potassium depolarization

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

PhTX2, one of the components of the venom of the South American spider Phoneutria nigriventer, inhibits the closure of voltage-sensitive Na+ channels. Incubation of cerebral-cortical synaptosomes with PhTX2 causes a rapid increase in the intrasynaptosomal free Ca2+ concentration and a dose-dependent release of glutamate. This release is made up of a slow component, which appears to be due to reversal of Na(+)-dependent glutamate uptake, and more rapid component that is dependent on the entry of extrasynaptosomal Ca2+. It has previously been shown that membrane depolarization using KCl can cause rapid Ca(2+)-dependent release of glutamate from synaptosomes. This requires Ca2+ entry through a specific type of Ca2+ channel that is sensitive to Aga-GI, a toxic component of the venom of the spider Agelenopsis aperta. We have compared the effects of PhTX2 and KCl on elevation of intrasynaptosomal free Ca2+ and glutamate release, and a number of differences have emerged. Firstly, PhTX2-mediated Ca2+ influx and glutamate release, but not those caused by KCl, are inhibited by tetrodotoxin. Secondly, KCl produces a clear additional increase in Ca2+ and glutamate release following those elicited by PhTX2. Finally, 500 microM MnCl2 abolishes PhTX2-mediated, but not KCl-mediated, glutamate release. These findings suggest that more than one mechanism of Ca2+ entry may be coupled to glutamate release from nerve endings.
PREVENTION OF TRAUMATIC COMPLICATIONS IN CONVULSIVE SHOCK THERAPY BY MAGNESIUM SULFATE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Traumatic complications in the form of fractures of the spinal vertebrae and extremities represent a serious drawback to convulsive shock therapy. To date, none of the measures suggested to prevent complications have been accepted as entirely prophylactic or entirely practical. The essential problem in convulsive therapy is to eliminate or soften the severity of the tonic muscular contractions which cause skeletal fractures by direct muscle pull. Various chemical agents have been used to nullify the severity of the convulsion. These agents act by blocking the peripheral neuromuscular mechanism and thus produce peripheral motor paralysis of all striated musculature. Bennett,1who was the first to apply the principle of curarization in shock therapy, demonstrated that an aqueous extract of crude curare could be standardized and given safely prior to metrazol convulsive therapy. He has reported and demonstrated that he can produce with the intravenous administration of curare a flaccid motor
Synthesis and Electronic Phosphorescence of Dicyanooctatetrayne (NC10N) in Cryogenic Matrixes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The rodlike 1,8-dicyano-octa-1,3,5,7-tetrayne (NC10N) molecule was synthesized with UV-assisted coupling of rare-gas matrix-isolated cyanobutadiyne (HC5N) molecules. Detection of NC10N molecule was possible due to its strong orange-red (origin at 618 nm) electronic luminescence. Excitation spectra of this emission (ã 3Σu+-X̃ 1Σg+ phosphorescence) gave access to studying the fully allowed H̃ 1Σu+-X̃ 1Σg+ UV system of NC10N. The identification of observed spectral features was assisted with quantum chemical computations. Certain regularities shaping the electronic spectroscopy of NC2 nN molecules have been discussed.
Lactobacillus -driven feed fermentation regulates microbiota metabolism and reduces odor emission from the feces of pigs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Fermentation by Lactobacillus can increase the nutritional value of feed, which is advantageous for pig production. However, the effects of Lactobacillus -driven feed fermentation on the emission of odors from pig feces are unclear. Here, we evaluated how feed fermentation by Lactobacillus affects the concentration of odor molecules in feces (CO 2 , NH 3 , H 2 S, indole, and skatole) and analyzed the changes in fecal microbiota and metabolites during fecal storage. Pigs reared on fermented feed had a higher average daily gain (ADG) and lower feed-to-gain ( F / G ) ratio than the control group. By the 3rd and 5th days, the concentration of CO 2 in feces from pigs in the fermentation group significantly decreased, and the contents of H 2 S, NH 3 , and skatole in the fermentation group were significantly lower than those in the control group on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days of fecal storage. The fermentation group exhibited a higher Bacteroidetes abundance on the 3rd and 5th days. With prolonged fecal storage, the fermentation group exhibited a higher abundance of Weissella and Lactobacillus and a lower abundance of Streptococcus . The Lactobacillus fermentation group also showed lower levels of secondary amino acid metabolites, such as 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid and 5-aminopentanoic acid. The pure strain Weissella cibaria ZWC030, which could inhibit the production of skatole in vitro , was successfully isolated from the fermentation group. Overall, the study revealed the interrelationships among fecal microbiota, metabolites, and odor molecules. The findings provide a new avenue for the application of Lactobacillus -driven feed fermentation to promote ADG, decrease the F / G ratio in pigs during growth, and reduce environmental pollution. IMPORTANCE Our present study showed that dietary supplementation with feed fermented by Lactobacillus could promote the growth performance of pigs, regulate the microbiota, and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. It could prevent the accumulation of toxic substances and reduce odor emission from pig feces, thereby reducing environmental pollution. In addition, one key triumph of the present study was the isolation of Weissella cibaria ZWC030, and the strain could inhibit the production of skatole in vitro in our present results.
Intracoronary near-infrared spectroscopy and the risk of future cardiovascular events

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives The objectives of this study were to investigate if findings by intracoronary near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) are associated with future cardiovascular events and if NIRS can differentiate culprit from non-culprit segments in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods The study included 144 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and combined NIRS-IVUS imaging at two Swedish hospitals. The NIRS-derived lipid core burden index (LCBI), the 4 mm segment with maximum LCBI (MaxLCBI 4mm ) and the IVUS-derived maximum plaque burden (MaxPB) were analysed within the culprit segment and continuous 10 mm non-culprit segments of the index culprit vessels. The association with future major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as all-cause mortality, acute coronary syndrome requiring revascularisation and cerebrovascular events during follow-up was evaluated using multivariable Cox regressions. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to test the ability of NIRS to discriminate culprit against non-culprit segments. Results A non-culprit maxLCBI 4mm ≥400 (HR: 3.67, 95% CI 1.46 to 9.23, p=0.006) and a non-culprit LCBI ≥ median (HR: 3.08, 95% CI 1.11 to 8.56, p=0.031) were both significantly associated with MACCE, whereas a non-culprit MaxPB ≥70% (HR: 0.61, 95% CI 0.08 to 4.59, p=0.63) was not. The culprit segments had larger lipid cores compared with non-culprit segments (MaxLCBI 4mm 425 vs 74, p<0.001), and the ROC analysis showed that NIRS can differentiate culprit against non-culprit segments (c-statistics: 0.85, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.89). Conclusion A maxLCBI 4mm ≥400 and LCBI ≥ median, assessed by NIRS in non-culprit segments of a culprit artery, were significantly associated with patient-level MACCE. NIRS furthermore adequately discriminated culprit against non-culprit segments in patients with coronary disease.
From Classroom to Community: Pedagogical Reflections on Camp-Based Social Work Training in Western Odisha, India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Fieldwork in social work is one of the foundational components of social work education which creates opportunities for students to apply theoretical knowledge in practice and engage with real-world social issues. This paper examines the pedagogical and practical significance of camp-based field training through the lens of a 15-day fieldwork camp conducted in 2023 in a remote village of Western Odisha, India, organized by the Department of Social Work, Sambalpur University. Drawing on over a decade of experience as a social work educator and fieldwork supervisor, the author presents a reflective analysis of student-led community interventions carried out during the camp. Prior to the field engagement, a pilot study was conducted to gain firsthand understanding of the community. Secondary data were also collected from the panchayat office, government websites, and census reports to construct a detailed socio-economic profile of the village. During the camp, students were divided into four groups to address key community issues: Self-Help Groups (SHGs), education-related challenges among school-going children, concerns of the elderly population, and livelihood enhancement for the local Kumbhar (potter) community. Using tools such as observation, interview schedules, and focus group discussions, students conducted need assessments and designed appropriate interventions under the direct supervision of the author.
Improving students' vocabulary mastery by using role play atSMP Muhammadiyah 12 Binjai The Academic year 2019/2020

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research was aimed to find out the improving students‟ vocabulary mastery by using Role Play. The subject of this research was seventh grade of SMP 12 MUHAMMDIYAH BINJAI 2019-2020Academic Year. It was nconsisted of one class and 21 students as respondents. The object of this research was to improve students‟ vocabulary mastery by using role play.
The research of this study was conducted by using calssroom action research. The technique of analyzing the data of this research was applied by qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data were taken from observation sheet, interview, and documentation. The quantitative data were taken from the test. Data was taken from test result which was carried out in two cycles. And two cycles conducted in four meetings. The test was given to the students in form of
pre-test, post test in the first cycle, and the post-test in the second cycle.
The result of the analyzing the data showed that there was an improving on the students‟ vocabulary mastery from each cycles. It was showed from the meann of pre-test was 63.95. Where, there were 6 students got successfull score criteria
or it was only 29 % and 15 students‟ got unsuccessful or it was 71%. After doing cycle I by using role play, there was an improving of the result of the students‟ mean was 72.23. Where, 8 students got successful criteria score or it was only 38% and 13 students‟ got unseccessful criteria score or it was 62%. Then doing repairing for second cycle after reflection on the first cycle, there was improving of students‟ mean was 83.19. Where, 18 students‟ got successful
criteria score or it was 86% and 3 students‟ got unsuccessful criteria score or it was 14%. In other words, the students‟ vocabulary mastery was improved. And based on interviewed, observation sheet, and photographs, it showed that the
expression and excitement of the students were also improve
The Amount of Manganese Required to Prevent Perosis in the Chick

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

PEROSIS has recently been recognized as a deficiency disease affecting the development of bone. Up to the present time it has been observed in several species of domesticated and game fowl but has not been observed in other animals. The most characteristic symptoms of the disease are enlargement of the tibio-metatarsal joint, bending of the distal end of the tibia and the proximal end of the metatarsus, and displacement of the Achilles tendon. Locomotion is impaired and in severe cases the animal is unable to stand. These outward manifestations of injury have given rise to the descriptive terms of "slipped tendon" and "enlarged hock" as names for the deformity. Titus (1932) first proposed the name perosis. The disease is prevalent among rapidly growing chicks confined in battery brooders. Diets high in calcium and phosphorus aggravate the condition according to Wilgus (1931). That the disease is distinct from rickets, in sensu . . .
Color Plate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plate 1 Comparison of the average levels of transcripts encoding enzymes from central metabolism, calculated throughout a day and night cycle, in A. thaliana Col0 wild type and its starchless mutant pgm.The results were calculated as the log 2 of the ratio between pgm and wild type.Rosette leaves of 5 weeks old plants grown in a 12-h photoperiod and at 20°C were harvested every 4 h, starting from the end of the night period.
Pak2 is essential for meiotic progression and meiotic apparatus assembly in mouse oocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract As a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase, p21-activated kinase 2 (Pak2) participates in diverse biologic events. However, its roles in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation remain unclear. The present study revealed that mouse oocytes depleted of Pak2 were unable to completely progress through meiosis and that a majority were arrested at metaphase I. Pak2 depletion thus prompted MI arrest and induced meiotic apparatus assembly defects in mouse oocytes, in part due to a reduction in polo-like kinase (Plk1). We demonstrated that Pak2’s interaction with Plk1 protected it from degradation by APC/C Cdh1 , and that it promoted meiotic progression and bipolar spindle formation. Our data collectively display critical functions for Pak2 in meiotic progression and meiotic apparatus assembly in mouse oocytes and may mediate the effects of maternal aging on female reproduction.
The social wasp Polybia fastidiosuscula Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) uses herbivore‐induced maize plant volatiles to locate its prey

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Social wasps in the Polybia genus are important for use as pest‐control agents in agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to investigate the behavioural responses of Polybia fastidiosuscula Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) to volatiles from maize, both constitutive volatiles and those induced by the herbivory of Spodoptera frugiperda ( JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). To assess the behavioural response of P. fastidiosuscula to S. frugiperda larvae, undamaged plants, S. frugiperda‐ damaged plants, mechanically damaged plants, mechanically damaged plants plus regurgitant from larvae and extracts from various treatments, bioassays were conducted in a Y‐olfactometer. In addition, the volatiles from plants subjected to different treatments were collected via aeration, and they were quantified and identified. The wasps showed a greater preference for plants with damage induced either by larval feeding or by being mechanically damaged plus regurgitant than for undamaged plants or either larvae alone or mechanically damaged plants. Wasps were more attracted to extracts from plants + S. frugiperda larvae and to an extract from mechanically damaged plants + the regurgitant of larvae compared to hexane. The primary compounds induced by herbivory for 5–6 h after the beginning of the damage or regurgitant treatment were identified as α ‐pinene, β ‐myrcene, ( Z )‐3‐hexenyl acetate, limonene, ( E )‐ocimene, linalool, DMNT , ( E )‐ β ‐farnesene, TMTT and indole. The results presented here show that the social wasp P. fastidiosuscula uses herbivore‐induced plant volatiles from maize to locate its prey.
Extending the beach resort model : the case of Pattaya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research study seeks to understand the transformations in contemporary, large-scale beach resorts in Southeast Asia. Specifically, the study is conducted within the framework of Smith’s [1990] Beach Resort Model (BRM), and seeks to extend this eight-stage model. Pattaya is selected as the case study for this research. The case method is used to analyze the spatial development patterns at Pattaya. Primary data were collected through field observations and on-site land use survey. Secondary data were obtained from the Tourism Authority of Thailand, as well as other relevant sources. A hypothesized extension to the Beach Resort Model (BRM) was first formulated after extensive literature review concerning the latest developments of beach resorts. The hypothesis was then compared against the case. It is concluded that the beach resort goes through a rejuvenation process after experiencing decline in the stage 8 of BRM. The environment is rehabilitated and efforts are made to restore the natural ambience of the beach resort. Spatial developments extend inland, laterally and vertically as buildings increase in height. There is a shift of focus by local administration as they seek to attract visitors in the form of business travelers. Overall, the beach resort is invigorated as new investments are made and new visitor types emerge. Based on these evaluations, a tentative stage 9 was proposed.
Management of Brain Metastases: Neurosurgical Considerations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Metastatic lesions to the brain occur commonly in oncology patients and portend a very poor outcome, as they often occur in the setting of progressive systemic metastatic disease and can result in neurologic deterioration that may preclude therapy. Therapy of patients with brain metastases requires a combination of measures to achieve local control at the site of metastasis (eg, with surgical resection or radiosurgery) and to reduce the subsequent risk of recurrences elsewhere in the brain (eg, with whole-brain radiation). Successful therapy of extracranial systemic metastases is required for optimal outcomes. Clinical trials are currently underway to define the optimal role of whole-brain radiation and radiosurgery in different subsets of patients. Novel therapies to enhance radiation responsiveness are also under investigation. In the current review, we discuss recent developments in the management of patients with brain metastases.
Creating dialogical space in psychotherapy: meaning-generating chronotope ofma

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Dialogical self theory (DST) has something very important to propose to mainstream psychology. This chapter outlines such a proposal, which one can call as a model of the discursive mind. Discursive mind model is based on the thesis of the cognitive system's discursive organization. Different modules contain specific cognitive-affective resources, shaped by different ways of giving meaning to personal experience. There are three fundamental assumptions of the discursive mind model: the modular character of one's knowledge structures, the social origin of one's knowledge structures, and the specificity of the knowledge structures for the social context from which they stem. According to the discursive mind model, I-positions are relatively autonomic modules of the cognitive system, which consist of script-like structures combining personal and socially shared knowledge. The model of the discursive mind assumes that the activation of different I-positions within the same person causes significant intra-individual variations in cognitive functioning.
An Analysis of the Development of “Green” Hotels in a Small to Medium-sized City - Kunming, China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the global emphasis on sustainable development has increased, several international green organisations have emerged, such as Green Global and the World Green Design Organisation. Environmental protection has become the focus of many countries' efforts. One of the products of “green” development is the “green hotel”, the benefits of which have been valued and explored by numerous countries, such as Germany and Canada. However, in China, research on green hotels in small and medium-sized cities is limited. This small exploratory study selected Kunming as a case to study the criteria for a green hotel, the benefits of green hotels, and the opportunities and challenges in the development process. This research summarises the requirements for a hotel to become a green hotel and provides some measures for the development of green hotels in small and medium-sized cities in China. \nThis research used a qualitative methodology, taking green hotels in Kunming as an example of the development of green hotels in small and medium-sized cities in China. A total of 48 green hotels in Kunming were selected as the samples to analyse. The data were analysed by content analysis, and the results show that China's green hotels have developed remarkably in recent years. However, compared with developed countries, China's green hotel movement started late and developed slowly. Kunming is a small to medium-sized city in a remote area, and the auditing standards for green hotels in Kunming are based on Chinese standards. As in other developed countries, this standard is mainly employed to guide and evaluate green hotels. Besides being environmentally friendly, green hotels have advantages over traditional hotels, mainly in terms of economic, environmental and social benefits, and the hotels’ reputations. In the process of development, opportunities and challenges coexist, which means that seizing opportunities and solving problems is an essential task for the long-term development of green hotels. \nThe findings of this study provide recommendations for developing strategies for existing green hotels, involving government support, developing technologies, increasing advocacy, and green design. Based on China's national conditions, the results of this study provide examples for other small and medium-sized cities to help their local hotel industry develop in an ecological, environmentally friendly, and sustainable direction.