jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Are Adolescents Meeting the 2020 Goals of the American Heart Association (AHA) for Ideal Cardiovascular Health? (906.1)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The American Heart Association's (AHA) ideal cardiovascular health (ICVH) consists of 7 metrics (4 health behaviors 3 health factors): nonsmoking (NS), BMI (蠄85 th percentile), physical activity (PA, 蠅 60 min daily), healthy diet (4‐5 components), blood pressure (BP, <90 th percentile), blood cholesterol (TBC, <170 mg/dl) and fasting blood glucose (FBG,<100 mg/dl). We studied the prevalence of the health behaviors among 2,700 adolescents in the NEXT Generation Health Study (NEXT GEN) and the 7 metrics in NEXT PLUS, a random sample of the NEXT GEN. Methods Cardiovascular health behaviors (CVHB) were assessed in NEXT GEN adolescents (16.24±0.53 years) yearly from 2010‐2014 and were categorized into ideal (蠅5 metrics), intermediate (2‐5 metrics) or poor (<2 metrics) based on AHA guidelines. Descriptive statistics were obtained using SPSS 19.0. Results Of the NEXT PLUS students (N= 577), only 0.2% met all 7 ICVH metrics. 84.6% were non‐smokers, 26.4% met PA criteria, and 39.2% met fruits and vegetables criteria. Only 28.1 % were categorized as ideal, 70.9% as intermediate and 1% as poor. 95.8% had ideal criteria for BP, 75.8% for TBC, and 52.8% for FBG. BMI was <85th percentile in 51.2%. Of the NEXT GEN adolescents, the prevalence of nonsmoking was stable (81%‐86%), and ideal indicators of BMI, physical activity and healthy diet were low across all four years, 2010‐2014. The proportion of NEXT GEN adolescents meeting all four CVHB was low: 0.4%, 0.4%, 0.4% and 0.5% yearly from 2010‐2014, respectively. Conclusion The exceedingly low prevalence of ICVH among US adolescents suggests the need for a concerted effort at the individual, family, environment and policy levels to improve CVH among adolescents.
Energy Management System in DC Future Home

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

(Abstract) Making electricity grids smarter and facilitating them with integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage are fairly accepted as the necessary steps to achieve a sustainable and secure power industry. To enable Net-zero energy and optimize power management for future homes or buildings, DC electric distribution systems (DC Nano-grid) find feasibility and simplicity for integrating renewable energy sources and energy storage. However, integrating the sources and loads in a simple, robust and smart way is still challenging. High voltage lithium-ion battery should be seriously considered concerning the overcharge/over-discharge risk. Dissipative cell equalization and its performance are studied. Non-dissipative equalization methods are reviewed using an energy flow chart. Typical charging schemes and the related over-charge risk are illustrated. A Lithium-ion battery charging profile based on VCell_Max/Min monitoring is proposed and validated with experimental results in an 8.4kW bidirectional battery charger for DC future home. For the DC future home emulator testbed, a grid interface converter, i.e. energy control center (ECC) converter, is reviewed with functions identification. A PV system with different
Recent Therapy and Clinical Approaches for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac condition characterized by abnormal thickening of the myocardium, often due to mutations in sarcomere protein genes. This leads to complications like arrhythmias, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOT), and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Recent advancements have highlighted the importance of early diagnosis using echocardiography, genetic testing, and advanced imaging. Among the therapeutic innovations, Mavacamten, an allosteric cardiac myosin ATPase inhibitor, offers a novel approach by reducing myocardial hypercontractility and improving LVOT gradients. Clinical trials like EXPLORER-HCM have shown significant improvement in cardiac function and patient quality of life with Mavacamten. Furthermore, the role of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in preventing SCD has been substantiated, especially with the advent of subcutaneous ICDs, which eliminate intravascular lead-related risks. The integration of pharmacological advances like Mavacamten with ICDs provides a synergistic strategy to manage HCM effectively. Despite these advancements, further research is warranted to explore long-term outcomes and optimize therapeutic protocols, particularly in genetically predisposed populations. This review underscores the need for interdisciplinary approaches to enhance HCM treatment and improve patient prognosis.
Kurdish women’s activism in Iran: struggle for re-conquest of the public sphere

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ayatollah Khomeini’s concept of ‘Islamic government’, and the 1979 Iranian revolution, sought to exclude women from the public sphere and introduced a new hegemony of the Islamic public sphere. For a variety of cultural and political reasons, many Kurds in Iran refused to accept the religious government’s policies. Using the concepts of public and counter-public, the article discusses Kurdish women’s activism and investigates what motivated them to challenge their marginalization. We argue that in confronting centralist-religious power and traditional Kurdish society, Kurdish women have created new counter-publics that could promote democracy and improve gender equality in both Kurdistan and Iran.
Swift and SALT observations of the multiple outbursts of MAXI J1957+032

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The new recurrent X-ray transient MAXI J1957+032 has had four X-ray outbursts\nwithin 16 months, all very briefly detected (lasting <5 days). During the most\nrecent event (Sep/Oct 2016), we obtained with SALT the first optical spectrum\nof the transient counterpart, showing the classic blue continuum of an X-ray\nirradiated disc in an LMXB and no other features. At high Galactic latitude\nbelow the plane (-13 deg) reddening is low but there is no quiescent\ncounterpart visible on any of the existing sky surveys, nor any other known\nX-ray source in the region. Swift monitoring of 3 of the 4 events is presented,\nshowing rapidly fading X-ray outbursts together with significant UVOT\ndetections in the UV (W1,M2,W2), U and B bands. The optical properties are most\nlike those of the short-period LMXBs, which, combined with the softening\nwitnessed during the decay to quiescence would place the system at d <13 kpc.\nThe short duration and short recurrence time of the outbursts are reminiscent\nof the AMXPs, which exhibit peak luminosities of 1 % L_Edd. Assuming this peak\nluminosity would place MAXI J1957+032 at a distance of d= 5-6 kpc.\n
Epidemiology of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile among Ontario broiler chicken flocks

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This thesis is an investigation of the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of C. perfringens and C. difficile, and the use of antimicrobials, among commercial broiler chicken flocks in Ontario. Data were obtained from the Enhanced Surveillance Project, a large-scale, cross-sectional study (July 2010 to January 2012). Caecal and colon/caecal swabs (5-pooled samples from 15 birds per flock) from 231 randomly selected flocks were collected and delivered to the laboratory for microbiological testing. Flock data were collected from producers using a questionnaire. Clostridium perfringens was frequently recovered from flocks. The netB gene was found in a moderate number of isolates and flocks. All of the C. perfringens isolates were classified as type A, except for one type E. Clostridium perfringens isolates had reduced susceptibility to ceftiofur, erythromycin, tylosin tartrate, clindamycin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and bacitracin. The most commonly used antimicrobials in the feed were polypeptides and ionophores. The most commonly used antimicrobials in the water were penicillins and sulfonamides. A small proportion of flocks received cephalosporins at the hatchery. Our study identified a number of factors associated with the presence of C. perfringens (and netB among C. perfringens positive flocks), and C. perfringens resistance to ceftiofur, tylosin, erythromycin, and clindamycin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and bacitracin. Factors included some feed mills, use of feed containing antimicrobials, feed problems, season, average duration of monitoring the flock per visit, and presence of a garbage bin at the barn entrance. Clostridium difficile was infrequently isolated from flocks. Genes encoding for toxin A and/or B, and ribotypes 001 and 014, were detected in isolates. Isolates had reduced susceptibility to ceftiofur, tylosin tartrate, erythromycin, penicillin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, clindamycin, ampicillin, imipenem, and cefoxitin. Our study identified the baseline prevalence, genetic characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility of C. perfringens and C. difficile, and described the use of antimicrobials, among Ontario broiler chicken flocks. Our study also identified biosecurity, and management practices factors, including antimicrobials, significantly associated with the presence of C. perfringens (and netB), and with C. perfringens resistance to several antimicrobials. Our study findings can be used to inform future disease intervention studies.
Post Thaw Processing of Red Blood Cells Using Microfluidics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) has been an integral part of medicine since the middle of the last century. In particular, RBCs have been the most transfused blood product in battlefield trauma care[1]. Cryopreservation of red blood cells has been used in particular by the military for a variety of reasons. The ability to preserve cells facilitates transportation of blood from one location to another. Combat can result in sharp increases in blood use for the treatment of civilian and military and frozen blood supplies can be used to meet variations in blood demand. In the civilian blood services, cryopreserved blood is typically used only for rare blood types[2] or for transfusion of neonates[3].
Oryza sativa L. Os00217

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Oryza sativa L.
Common name(s): Rice
Other names: FIAMMA
Conserved by: CREA-Research Center for Cereals and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI-VER), Italy
Local sample unique identifier: Os00217
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1980
Historical: No
Improvement of Surface Flashover Performance in Vacuum of A-B-A Insulator by Adopting ZnO Varistor Ceramics as Layer A

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a new insulation system of ZnO varistor ceramic– $ \hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$ ceramic-ZnO varistor ceramic insulators (defined as A-B-A insulators) is proposed to improve surface flashover performance in vacuum so that it is possible to reduce the electric field at the vacuum-insulator-cathode triple junction (CTJ) by changing the conductivity and permittivity of the ZnO varistor ceramic layer of the A-B-A insulators. Then, the influences of the conductivity and permittivity of ZnO varistor ceramics on the dc and impulse surface flashover voltage in vacuum were experimentally investigated, respectively. It was found that the dc surface flashover voltage of the samples increases greatly with a decrease of the dc conductivity of the ZnO varistor ceramic layer and is improved by 81% compared with the $\hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$ ceramic sample. It is attributed to the decrease of the electric field at the vacuum-layer A-CTJ caused by the conductivity of layer A larger than that of layer B and, furthermore, by the nonlinear current–voltage characteristics of layer A, i.e., ZnO varistor ceramics. Additionally, the impulse surface flashover voltage first increases and then decreases with a decrease of the permittivity of the ZnO varistor ceramic layer and is increased by 136%. It is explained by the decrease of the electric field at the triple junction by the permittivity of layer A larger than that of layer B and, furthermore, by the nonlinear current–voltage characteristics of layer A. These results demonstrate the insulation system of the ZnO varistor ceramic– $\hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$ ceramic-ZnO varistor ceramic insulators as an effective way to improve surface flashover performance in vacuum.
Attitudinal and Perceptual Barriers to Accessing Mental Health Services Among Members of the U.S. Air Force.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract : A random sample of 1,000 members of the U.S. Air Force (USAF) was surveyed concerning attitudinal and perceptual barriers to accessing mental health services in the military. Three hundred ninety-one people returned the survey. They reported their perception that seeking mental health services in the military system has a negative impact on careers and is highly stigmatizing. The sample also indicated that the military mental health system offers no more confidentiality than conversations with friends and that military mental health professionals are no more qualified to help with personal problems than friends or physicians and, in fact, are less qualified than chaplains. The greatest barriers to accessing mental health services were the embarrassment associated with help seeking and cultural bias against help seeking. The Attitude Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help (ATSPPH) scale, which is a part of the survey, indicated that USAF members have more negative views of help seeking than their civilian counterparts. An analysis of 121 survey comments confirmed these results. Suggestions to change the perception of the military mental health system, as well as the system itself, are discussed.
The assimilation of Dravidian loans to Konkani phonological and morphological patterns

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract After briefly reviewing the status of Konkani in the Dravidian area, and the extent of Dravidian influence on this Indo-Aryan language, the assimilation of Dravidian loan words to Konkani phonological and morphological patterns is examined in detail. In the process of accommodation, Dravidian loanwords have undergone various phonological modifications (such as syncope, apocope, vowel rounding, vowel raising, vowel lowering, palatalization, depalatalization, gemination, and degemination). They have undergone also various morphological modifications in order to adjust to a considerably different system of morphological classes and inflectional patterns. Finally, certain sociolinguistic factors are pointed out which might have enabled Konkani phonological and morphological patterns to withstand the pressures of the massive influx of Dravidian loans.
Supplementary Material for: Characterization of a balanced reciprocal translocation, rcp(9;11)(q27;q11) in cattle

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Cytogenetic analysis of a phenotypically normal young bull from Marchigiana breed revealed the presence of an abnormal karyotype. The observation of longer and smaller chromosomes than BTA1 and BTA29, respectively in all metaphases suggested the presence of a reciprocal translocation. RBG-banding confirmed this hypothesis revealing the involvement of BTA9 and BTA11. FISH analyses using cattle-specific BAC clones (474A12 and 293G09 for BTA9; 035D03 for BTA11) identified rcp(9;11)(q27;q11) in the two regions affected. Moreover analyses performed on both parents established the ‘de novo’ origin of the anomaly. Comparison with human homologue sequences (HSA6q24.3→q25.3 for BTA9q27 and HSA2q11.1→q12.1 for BTA11q11) revealed that both breakpoint regions are gene rich as up to date at least 200 genes have been localized in these regions. Thus, further analyses are required to identify the sequences disrupted by the breakpoints and to verify their consequences on rcp carrier phenotype.
Effects of stereotypical media representations of American Indians on implicit and explicit bias: the power of Pocahontas

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

According to cultivation theory, people learn information about the world from exposure to media and according to social cognitive theory, we learn how to interact with our social environment through observation of others. Together, these provide an explanation for why stereotypical media portrayals might increase biased attitudes. However, no research has examined the connection between media portrayals and biased attitudes for American Inidans, a group who are only represented in .2-.4% of American media (Fryberg, Markus, Oyserman, & Stone, 2008). The purpose of this study is to assess the role of stereotypical media portrayals of American Indians on both explicit and implicit attitudes and examine the potential mediating impact of both motivation to respond without prejudice and awareness of White privilege on these relationships. In this study participants were randomly assigned to watch either a series of videos with stereotypical representations of American Indians or a series of control videos. Measures of explicitly biased attitudes (modern racism and colorblind racial attitudes), implicitly biased attitudes, awareness of White privilege, and motivations to respond without prejudice (both internal and external) were assessed pre and post-test. Results from three separate hierarchical regression analyses suggest that media does impact modern racist attitudes towards American Indians, but not general colorblind racial attitudes nor implicit attitudes towards American Indians. Importantly, this relationship between media portrayals and modern racist attitudes is moderated by one’s awareness of White privilege such that higher awareness of White privilege only led to less endorsement of modern racist attitudes towards American Indians when not presented with stereotypical portrayals of American Indians. There were no differences between those low and high on awareness when stereotypical media portrayals were present. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Immunological effect of OMP-ISCOMs from Pseudosciaena crocea on Vibrio alginolyticus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The OMP-ISCOMs were prepared to study its effect against Vibrio alginolyticus.They were found in safety tests by injection to be safe without any toxic effect.Pseudosciaena crocea weighing approximately 175g each were immunized with the OMP-ISCOMs by intra-peritoneal injection.The serum antibody level was determined by using ELISA and agglutination test.It was found that the serum antibody level in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control.However,there were differences among individuals in the experimental group by agglutination.In a challenge test(0.3×107cfu/175g),the relative percentage of survival(RPS) of the immunized group was up to 100%,while the RPS of the control group(0.3×108cfu/175g) was 20%.It appeared that immunization of P.crocea with OMP-ISCOMs could provide a safe and significantly protective effect against V.alginolyticus.
0852 Insomnia with Objective, but not Subjective, Short Sleep Duration is Associated with Increased Risk of Incident Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Insomnia with objective short sleep duration (ISSD) has been associated with higher risk of cardiometabolic morbidity. In this study, we examined the association between ISSD, also based on subjective sleep duration, with incident hypertension in the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS). Methods We analyzed data from 1413 participants free of hypertension or sleep apnea at baseline from the SHHS with a median follow-up duration of 5.1 years. Insomnia symptoms were defined based on difficulty falling asleep, difficulty returning to sleep, early morning awakening, or sleeping pill use more than half days in a month. Objective short sleep duration was defined as polysomnography-measured total sleep time &lt; 6 hours. Incident hypertension was defined based on blood pressure measures and/or use of antihypertensive medications at follow-up. Results Insomnia subjects who slept objectively &lt; 6 hours had significantly higher odds of incident hypertension compared to normal sleeping subjects who slept ≥6 hours (OR=2.00, 95% CI=1.09-3.65) or &lt; 6 hours (OR=2.00, 95%CI=1.06-3.79) or insomnia subjects who slept ≥6 hours (OR=2.79, 95%CI= 1.24-6.30). Insomnia subjects who slept ≥6 hours or normal sleepers who slept &lt; 6 hours were not associated with increased risk of incident hypertension compared to normal sleepers who slept ≥6 hours. Finally, insomnia subjects who self-reported sleeping &lt; 6 hours were not associated with significantly increased odds of incident hypertension. Conclusion These data further support that the ISSD phenotype based on objective, but not subjective measures is, similar to sleep apnea. Support (if any) The Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute cooperative agreements U01HL53916 (University of California, Davis), U01HL53931 (New York University), U01HL53934 (University of Minnesota), U01HL53937 and U01HL64360 (Johns Hopkins University), U01HL53938 (University of Arizona), U01HL53940 (University of Washington), U01HL53941 (Boston University), and U01HL63463 (Case Western Reserve University). The National Sleep Research Resource was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R24 HL114473, 75N92019R002).
Resilient Health Care: a systematic review of conceptualisations, study methods and factors that develop resilience.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Traditional approaches to safety management in health care have focused primarily on counting errors and understanding how things go wrong. Resilient Health Care (RHC) provides an alternative complementary perspective of learning from incidents and understanding how, most of the time, work is safe. The aim of this review was to identify how RHC is conceptualised, described and interpreted in the published literature, to describe the methods used to study RHC, and to identify factors that develop RHC.Methods Electronic searches of PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases were performed to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies, and a hand search undertaken for studies published in books that explained how RHC as a concept has been interpreted, what methods have been used to study it, and what factors have been important to its development. Studies were evaluated independently by two researchers. Data was synthesised using a thematic approach.Results Thirty-six studies were included; they shared similar descriptions of RHC which was the ability to adjust its functioning prior to, during, or following events and thereby sustain required operations under both expected and unexpected conditions. Qualitative methods were mainly used to study RHC. Two types of data sources have been used: direct (e.g. focus groups and surveys) and indirect (e.g. observations and simulations) data sources. Most of the tools for studying RHC were developed based on predefined resilient constructs and have been categorised into three categories: performance variability and Work As Done, cornerstone capabilities for resilience, and integration with other safety management paradigms. Tools for studying RHC currently exist but have yet to be fully implemented. Effective team relationships, trade-offs and health care ‘resilience’ training of health care professionals were factors used to develop RHC. Conclusions Although there was consistency in the conceptualisation of RHC, methods used to study and the factors used to develop it, several questions remain to be answered before a gold standard strategy for studying RHC can confidently be identified. These include operationalising RHC assessment methods in multi-level and diverse settings and developing, testing and evaluating interventions to address the wider safety implications of RHC amidst organisational and institutional change.