jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determinants of sustainable consumption in France: the importance of social influence and environmental values

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Our article provides empirical findings for France related to sustainable consumption and what triggers sustainable behaviour. We investigate various potential key explanatory variables including social influence and environmental values, among others. Our main contribution is to survey and to analyse a set of consumption practices (rather than the examination of single practices as in most of the literature) for a large sample of more than 3, 000 households. The survey was conducted in France in 2012. We use cluster analysis to identify and describe the different consumer behaviour profiles. This methodology identifies three clusters of consumers characterized by diverse concerns related to the environmental impact of their consumption. Based on these clusters, ordered Logit models are fitted on three levels of sustainable consumption behaviours. Our results emphasize the importance of age, gender, education, environmental concern and peer effects for spurring sustainable consumption. We discuss the role of peer pressure as a major determinant. Learning about sustainable behaviour from peers seems to complement changing environmental values and stimulate pro-environmental behaviour. Our findings show that local externalities clearly outweigh the global consequences related to the promotion of sustainable consumption behaviours; that is, the ability to learn in small networks is critical for the promotion of trust and the exchange of ideas and practices.
Seasonal Variations in Maternal Serum and Mammary Immunity to RS Virus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We have recorded the systemic and mammary/mucosal immune responses of women following natural infection with RS virus during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Anti‐RS virus IgG antibody levels in the sera of women collected in the first trimester of pregnancy showed a bimodal distribution with high and low antibody groups. Antibody levels increased after exposure to the winter RS virus epidemic in the second trimester of pregnancy, probably as a result of infection but only for women in the low antibody group. Despite the increases, antibody levels for these women remained well below those of the high antibody group. There was no rise in mean antibody levels after exposure in the third trimester, even among women with low antibody, suggesting a degree of immunosuppression in late pregnancy. There was no evidence that infection during pregnancy was associated with adverse consequences for the infant. Exposure to RS virus in the first two trimesters, but not the third, was associated with high colostral IgA antibody levels that were maintained in the milk throughout the first 7 weeks of lactation. There was a significant correlation between colostral and maternal nasal IgA antibody levels at delivery. Levels of blood or colostral lymphocyte transformation responses at delivery were unaffected by exposure to RS virus in pregnancy. These observations upon natural infection suggest that vaccination during pregnancy is likely to achieve only marginal effects upon serum antibody levels but boost maternal mammary/nucosal immunity.
Manganese behavior in the sediments of diverse Scottish freshwater lochs

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Mn concentrations were determined in sediments and pore waters of five freshwater lochs in Scotland. The aim was to establish whether the geochemical behavior of Mn differed in a range of limnological conditions: oligotrophic/mesotrophic Loch Lomond; eutrophic unstratified Loch Leven; seasonally stratified eutrophic Balgavies Loch; oligotrophic, acidified Round Loch of Glenhead; and oligotrophic, acid‐sensitive Loch Coire nan Arr. Although redox‐driven diagenesis of Mn was evident in all lochs, the diversity of conditions in the lochs resulted in some cases in modifications to behavior predicted by conceptual models for transport of Mn at a redox boundary. These differences were reflected in the chemical associations and trends in concentration of Mn. A classic example of Mn redox cycling in the sediments of Loch Lomond provided a basis for comparison with other systems. Higher inventories of Mn in sediment collected from eutrophic Loch Leven during the summer, compared with sediment from autunm and winter sampling, were explained by the effects of enhanced primary productivity (high pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations) during a summer algal bloom. In Balgavies Loch, where the bottom water was hypoxic, at the time of sampling, previous diagenetic enrichment of Mn in the surface sediment was subject to modification by dissolution and release from the solid phase to pore water, which was elevated in Mn. The increase in solid‐phase Mn concentration with depth and lack of significant surface enhancement of Mn in Round Loch contrasted markedly with results from other lochs. This was attributed mainly to acidification, producing a pH‐related decrease in Mn sedimentation. Mn partitioning and porewater data for Loch Coire nan Arr were in some respects similar to those at Round Loch, with both lochs having peaty sediment. However, Mn concentration patterns attributed to acidification effects at Round Loch were not found in Loch Coire nan Arr.
Depth map super-resolution using non-local higher-order regularization with classified weights

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

High-order regularization in depth map super-resolution (SR) contributes to producing smoother depth map. However, assigning appropriate weights within regularization term is also important for preserving more detail information. In this paper, a novel and more adaptive depth SR model is proposed by using non-local total generalized variation (NLTGV) with classified weights. A random forest based classifier is trained to classify the pixels of depth map into four categories on the basis of several local structure features, such as gradient magnitude and texture energy extracted from color image, and then the weights within NLTGV are assigned with four groups of parameters corresponding to the four kinds of pixels. Evaluation results demonstrate that the local features make pixels have a good separability, and the classified weights can obviously improve the accuracy of depth map SR.
Characterization and evaluation of Arya melon (Cucumis melo) for agromorphological traits and screening against ToLCNDV

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Arya, a novel variety of melon from India is found immune to ToLCNDV under field conditions. It can serve as a potential source of resistance for ToLCNDV that can be imparted to other melons. Unlike other melons, Arya melons can be successfully grown both during spring summer and rainy (kharif) season. Arya IC629818-A bear long and good number of fruits per plant (8-10), thus can serve as a substitute to long melon during kharif season. Moreover, IC629823 and IC629818B had long cream coloured fruit which make them unique and attractive to the consumers.
SARS-CoV Survey on Breeding Civet Cats in the Suburbs of Beijing

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the possible infections of SARS-CoV in civet cat bred in the suburbs of Beijing. Methods Pharyngeal swab, anal swab and fur samples collected from 30 civet cats were examined using RT-PCR for SARS-CoV. The neutralized antibodies against SARS-CoV from sera from the civet cats were checked. Results All samples from the civet cats were SARS-CoV negative, and no neutralized antibodies were positive. Conclusion There was no evidence to conclude that the civet cats inbred in the suburbs of Beijing were host of SARS-CoV.
Solanum alkaloids. XVIII. Utilization of solasodine for the preparation of nitrogen analogues of ecdysones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Solasodine (spirosol-5-en-3 ß -01) (1) has been converted into (20S,22R,25R)-26-acetylamino-2 ß ,3 ß ,14a- trihydroxy-5 ß -furost-7-en-6-one (41), a compound bearing ecdysone functionality in the steroidal nucleus aud retaining the N -atom in the side chain. The route involves dehalogenation of the bromohydrin (19), formed by treatment of N,O-diacetylsolasodine (6) with N -bromoacetamide and perchloric acid as catalyst. The 2 ß -, 3 ß - and 14a-hydroxy groups are introduced by Woodward-Prévost and selenium dioxide oxidations, respectively.
The Application of Art. 31 of Regulation (EU) 2015/848 to Cross-Border Triangular Payments. A Critical Appraisal, a Comment on the Van Buggenhout Case (C‑251/12) and a Proposal for a Better Regulation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Nowadays, payments are almost always facilitated by intermediaries. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate whether Art. 31 of Regulation (EU) 2015/848 is applicable to cross-border triangular payments to protect foreign intermediaries. However, this question is difficult to answer – the Advocate General, in expressing her Opinion for the van Buggenhout case, wrote that Art. 31 EIR 2015 is applicable to cross-border triangular transactions, while the CJEU, in deciding this case, ruled that Art. 31 EIR 2015 is not capable of doing so. Why? This paper argues that both the Advocate General and the CJEU had good intuitions, but that their views were partial and incomplete. This paper reaches two conclusions. First, in principle, Art. 31 EIR 2015 is applicable to cross-border triangular payments, even when the intermediary is not a debtor of the insolvent debtor. Secondly, and surprisingly, the application of Art. 31 EIR 2015 to cross-border triangular payments depends on the lex fori concursus . In fact, even though Art. 31 EIR 2015 contains a provision of EU substantive law, this application presupposes that the lex fori concursus does not affect the instruction that the insolvent debtor has given to the intermediary. If it does, which is the case in many Member States, the payment performed by an intermediary cannot be counted as a payment by the debtor. This paper ultimately makes a recommendation that aims at preventing the lex fori concursus from affecting the instruction that the insolvent debtor has given to the intermediary.
Application of two kinds of semiquantitive PCR in estrogen-like effects in Carassius auratus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Semiquantitive PCR is a method to evaluate expression of target genes by analyzing RT-PCR products in comparison to standards.Two measures are involved;one is that primers for target gene and internal standard are put into the same tube to run PCR,and the other one is that primers for target gene and internal standard run PCR in separate tubes.In research of environmental endocrine disruption semiquantitive PCR is a usual means to measure estrogen-like effects which result from endocrine disruptors.In order to discuss advantages and disadvantages of these two methods for further research on endocrine disruption in Carassius auratus,RT-PCR was used to evaluate of expression of 776 bp of estrogen receptor gene(ER gene) in liver after taking the injection of E2 in C.auratus by following these two methods respectively,with 18S as internal standard.The results showed that ER gene and 18S gene were amplified successfully following both methods.The first method-putting primers for different gene in the same tube to run PCR might contain problems such as competition and different plat phase between target gene and internal standard,and it is needed to grope appropriate ratio of primers and numbers of cycles,yet it is more accurate.And another method putting primers for different genes in separate tubes to run PCR is easier because of the absence of no problemsexisted in the first method,whereas it is less accurate than the first one.In addition,based on the results,18S is an ideal internal standard for both methods in the research of estrogen-like effects in C.auratus.
Kierkegaard: A Biography (review)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the opening pages of this carefully crafted biography, Hannay states that he has no intention of making matters easy for his reader. By this, he means that "final judgments" will not be forthcoming on a number of key issues surrounding Kierkegaard and his works: the nature of his relation to Christianity, the motives leading him to collide with The Corsair, and the meaning and wisdom of his final attack on Bishop Jakob Mynster and the established Danish Church. This is not to say that Hannay presents Kierkegaard either through rose-colored lenses or through narrowly intellectualist ones. Indeed, one of the book's central virtues is that it combines a philosopher's long-standing interest in Kierkegaard's writings with other guiding passions: a fascination with the sources of human creativity, the twists and turns of nineteenth-century European intellectual history, and the drama of one man's sustained grappling with the meaning of (his) life and the degree to which this meaning could be forged and sustained in his own writing.
ERβ-Mediated Estradiol Enhances Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition of Lung Adenocarcinoma through Increasing Transcription of Midkine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a specific role in the migration of tumor cells. Both estrogen and midkine (MK) have been thought to be important factors in promoting the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and can enhance EMT. Some evidence indicated the correlation between estradiol (E2) and MK, but the precise mechanism on their interreaction is unknown. Here, we try to clarify whether and how E2 regulates MK expression to promote EMT. We found that E2 increased MK mRNA expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells LTEP-a2 and A549 in a time-dependent manner. E2-induced MK expression was inhibited by the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182,780 and tamoxifen but not by phosphoinositide-3 kinase and MAPK inhibitors, suggesting a genomic mechanism of E2 on the regulation of MK transcription. Moreover, luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays exhibited that E2 induced ERβ recruitment to the estrogen response element in the MK promoter. Small interfering RNA to ERα and ERβ revealed that ERβ mainly mediated E2-induced MK transcription. Interestingly, E2 enhanced MK expression in accordance with increase of EMT, whereas knockdown of MK could block EMT under E2 stimulation. Importantly, through analyzing lung adenocarcinoma tissues, there was indeed a correlation among levels of E2, MK, and EMT-related protein expression. Taken together, we reported a previously unrecognized mechanism on E2 in the regulation of MK expression and proved that MK plays a pivotal role in progression of E2-regulated EMT.
INSULINOMA IN THE DOG

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Four clinical cases of insulinoma in the dog are described. In each, nervous signs increased in frequency and severity over a period of approximately 4 months. Diagnosis was made on clinical signs, blood glucose concentration, response to glucose therapy and, in the 2 cases in which an radioimmunoassay was performed, blood insulin levels. Differential diagnosis and management regimes for insulinomas are discussed. Neocropsy confirmed the diagnoses in 3 cases, with multiple pancreatic lesions being present in 2, and metastases in all 3.
Analysis of unigene derived microsatellite markers in family solanaceae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The family Solanaceae is the source of several economically important plants. The aim of this study was to trace and characterize simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from unigene sequences of Solanum lycopersicum, an important member of family Solanaceae. 18,228 unigene sequences of Solanum lycopersicum was taken in order to develop SSR markers and analyzed for the in-silico design of PCR primers. A total of 12,090 (66.32 %) unigenes containing 17,524 SSRs (microsatellites) were identified. The average frequency of microsatellites in unigenes was one in every 1.3 kb of sequence. The analysis revealed that trinucleotide motifs, coding for Glutamic acid (GAA) and AT/TA were the most frequent repeat of dinucleotide SSRs. Flanking sequences of the SSRs generated 877 primers with forward and reverse strands. Functional categorization of SSRs containing unigenes was done through gene ontology terms like Biological process, Cellular component and Molecular function.
Mechanisms of Abnormal Renal Sodium Handling in Obesity Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Obesity-induced hypertension, like all forms of experimental and human hypertension studied thus far, is associated with renal dysfunction characterized by the resetting of pressure natriuresis. In obese subjects, this resetting is primarily a result of increased renal tubular reabsorption as glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow are markedly elevated. Obesity activates the sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin systems, and causes insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, all of which have been postulated to increase tubular reabsorption and raise blood pressure. In humans and dogs, chronic hyperinsulinemia, comparable to that found in obesity, does not cause hypertension even in the presence of insulin resistance. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system appears to be important in obesity, as chronic adrenergic blockade or renal denervation greatly ameliorates the hypertension associated with weight gain. Resetting of pressure natriuresis in obesity may also be attributable to altered intrarenal forces caused by histologic changes in the renal medulla that may compress the loops of Henle and vasa recta, increase tubular sodium reabsorption, and activate the renin-angiotensin system. The quantitative importance of these intrarenal changes and their interrelationship with neurohumoral activation in obesity is an important area for further investigation.
New results on the degree of ill-posedness for integration operators with weights

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We extend our results on the degree of ill-posedness for linear integration opera-\ntors A with weights mapping in the Hilbert space L^2(0,1), which were published in\nthe journal 'Inverse Problems' in 2005 ([5]). Now we can prove that the degree one\nalso holds for a family of exponential weight functions. In this context, we empha-\nsize that for integration operators with outer weights the use of the operator AA^*\nis more appropriate for the analysis of eigenvalue problems and the corresponding\nasymptotics of singular values than the former use of A^*A.
Zapatista Movement (Mexico)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The National Liberation Zapatista Army (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN) was formed in 1983 from the National Liberation Forces (Fuerzas de Liberación Nacional, FLN), a subversive organization formed in the late 1960s in northern Mexico, inspired by the Cuban Revolution. FLN set up a guerrilla movement whose aim was the spread of socialism in Mexico. However, FLN was virtually wiped out by the federal government in the early 1970s. Former members of the FLN managed to regroup and settle in the southeastern state of Chiapas in 1983, mainly along the hilly region of Los Altos, in the northern area of the state in the Lacandon jungle, where they pursued similar goals to those of the late FLN and created EZLN, a grassroots‐based organization. With this organizational base, EZLN was able to expand its ranks and lead the 1994 armed rebellion.
Geochemical contrast of the physical properties and the source characters of the soluble organic matter from the different strata of Kashan area, Iran Basin

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The main purpose of this paper is to study the general character and the difference of three sets of soluble organic matter from Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary of Kashan area in Iran Basin. The physical properties and the source characters of the soluble organic matter of 12 rock samples from different wells/profiles are compared and analyzed, and it is found that the source rocks in the area are of the characteristics of high maturity and low hydrocarbon producing potential, and that the TOC of Jurassic is much higher than that of the other two strata. All the source rocks of the three strata belong to marine sediment. The depositional feature of Tertiary seems more complicated than that of Jurassic and Cretaceous, which has more quantity of higher plants. No.18-B16 sample from Tertiary out of the study area presents more unique characteristics. Its main peak carbon is C_(31), pr/ph reaches to 3.31, and it bears strong oxidization.
Prognostic Value of Stress Echocardiography in Patients Presenting with Syncope

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Evaluation for ischemia is appropriate in patients at risk for or with a history of coronary artery disease presenting with syncope. The aim of this study is to determine the prognostic value of stress echocardiography in patients presenting with syncope. Methods We examined our database of all patients undergoing stress echocardiography at our institution. Patients referred due to syncope were grouped as high risk based on any of the following: (1) known history of coronary artery disease , (2) left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, (3) moderate or severe mitral or aortic valve regurgitation, and (4) moderate mitral or aortic valve stenosis. The main outcomes were the presence of ischemia on stress imaging and all‐cause mortality using the social security death index. Results A total of 225 patients were identified; mean age was 64.3 ± 14.5 years, the mean follow‐up duration was 29.2 ± 13.8 months. There were 163 patients in the low‐risk group and 62 patients in the high‐risk group. On imaging, 7% of the overall cohort had ischemia. The low‐risk group had 5 (3%) patients with ischemia and the high‐risk group had 10 patients (16%) with ischemia (P < 0.01). The mortality rate was significantly higher in the high‐risk group (3.99%/year vs. 1.02%/year; P = 0.02); this difference was not affected by the presence of ischemia. Conclusions High‐risk patients with syncope as defined by appropriateness criteria and existing evidence carry a higher risk of ischemia and all‐cause mortality. The presence of ischemia may not be predictive of long‐term outcome in this group.
The design of course architecture for big data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Big data is one of the hottest topic in not only academic but also enterprise, which provide grate requirements for the people with knowledge and experiences of big data. However, current education architecture of computer science could not provide sufficient training for big data. For the education for people suitable for big data era, we attempt to design a novel course architecture. Such course architecture will not change the skeleton of traditional course architecture of computer science but just add content and subjects that is adaptive for big data. In this paper, we discuss the goal, architecture and content of the course architecture.
Focused attention distorts visual space: An attentional repulsion effect.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Attention was focused at a specific location either by a briefly flashed cue (cue-induced attention) or by a voluntary effort (voluntary attention). In both cases, briefly presented probes appeared displaced away from the focus of attention. The results showed that the effect of cue-induced attention was transient whereas the effect of voluntary attention was long lasting. The repulsion effect was most evident with brief probe durations (<200 ms). Control experiments ruled out nonattentional hypotheses based on classic figural aftereffects and apparent motion. Although a number of studies have demonstrated enhancements of visual perception at attended locations, the present studies show that focused attention can distort the encoding of nearby positions. Speculation is offered that the repulsion effect is one of the costs involved in the allocation of more resources to the focus of attention.