jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2574: Werner syndrome helicase is required for the survival of cancer cells with microsatellite instability

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Werner Syndrome protein (WRN) is a RecQ enzyme involved in the maintenance of genome integrity. Germline loss of function mutations in WRN lead to premature aging and pre-disposition to cancer. We evaluated synthetic lethality (SL) between not only of WRN, but also of another human RecQ helicase, BLM, with DNA damage response genes in cancer cell lines. We found that WRN exhibited SL with a DNA mismatch repair protein MutL homolog 1 (MLH1), loss of which is associated with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). We then demonstrated that MSI-H cells exhibited increased double-stranded DNA breaks, altered cell cycles and decreased viability in response to WRN knockdown. Although WRN is the only human RecQ enzyme with a distinct exonuclease domain, only loss of helicase activity drives the MSI SL interaction. This SL interaction in MSI cancer cells positions WRN as a relevant therapeutic target in patients with MSI-H tumors.Citation Format: Lorn Kategaya, Senthil K. Perumal, Jeffrey H. Hager, Lisa D. Belmont. Werner syndrome helicase is required for the survival of cancer cells with microsatellite instability [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2574.
Relational Data Modeling for Geographic Information Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter addresses data modeling problems inherent in the use of geographic information systems (GIS) that are not adequately covered by traditional modeling techniques. GIS technology has only recently begun to be used for traditional system development by large numbers of organizations and there are few procedures for modeling GIS data and applications in a business context. This circumstance is partially a result of the fact that GIS developers have traditionally been knowledgeable end users or facilitators and they have generally been called on to build standalone systems, often for their own use. This paper discusses geographic systems and proposes relational modeling techniques that document organizational data integrity rules when systems that include spatial data are developed for more widespread use.
Biodiesel production from two stage esterification ofsimarouba glaucaseed oil and its characterization

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, biodiesel was produced from simarouba glauca seed oil through a two-stage acid-alkali esterification process. Concentrated sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide were used as catalysts for acid and alkaline catalyzed esterification process, respectively. The free fatty acid content of the oil was reduced from 3.5 to 0.2%. The major properties of oil and its biodiesel were studied. Upon two-stage esterification, kinematic viscosity was reduced from 45.75 to 3.1 cSt and the acid value was reduced from 6.9348 to 0.4 mg KOH/g. The measured physio-chemical properties are within the limits set by ASTM biodiesel standards.
[Biliary complications in pediatric liver transplantation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Biliary tract complications are reported in 15% to 20% of orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT). Since 1986, 55 OLT were done in 50 children with a mean age and weight of 5.6 years and 18.8 kg respectively. There were 28 (51%) reduced liver grafts (RLG) and 27 (49%) whole liver grafts (WLG). Since starting using RLG in 1988, 70% of transplantations have been RLG. Choledochocholedochostomy with a T-tube (CC) or choledochojejunostomy (CJ) were done in 25 (45%) and 30 (55%) cases, respectively. The overall mortality was 19% with one death related to biliary problems. There were 14 biliary tract complications (25%) in 12 patients including 7 leaks, 6 obstructions and one intrahepatic biloma. Leaks leading to bile peritonitis were managed with simple suture and drainage and were related to the T-tube (4, to the Roux-en-Y loop (2) and the transection margin of a RLG (1). Obstruction was documented in 6 cases, none of which were associated with hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT). Stenosis after CC reconstruction (3) required conversion to CJ. Two patients had revision of CJ because of kinking of the common bile duct and an anastomotic stricture 46 months after OLT. One patient developed a vanishing bile duct syndrome 4 months post-transplant and died while waiting for retransplantation. One patient had multiple episodes of cholangitis after HAT and was retransplanted. The rate of biliary complications was not influenced by neither the type of graft (RLG : 25% vs WLG : 25,9%) nor the type of biliary reconstruction(CC : 28% vs CJ : 23%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A physician's due: measuring physician billing performance, benchmarking results.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A 2008 study focused on four key performance indicators (KPIs) and staffing levels to benchmark the FYO7 performance of physician group billing operations. A comparison of the change in the KPIs from FYO3 to FYO7 for a number of these billing operations disclosed across-the-board improvements. Billing operations did not show significant changes in staffing levels during this time, pointing to the existence of obstacles that prevent staff reductions in this area.
Makrozoobenthos sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Air di Sungai Paneki Desa Pombewe Kabupaten Sigi

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Water is a source of life for humans. The need for water often makes humans unaware that their activities can trigger the entry of pollutants into water bodies. These pollutants can degrade river water quality. Water quality refers to the condition of water based on its physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Water quality can be analyzed based on the presence of aquatic organisms intolerant to pollutants. The objective of this study is to describe the water quality of Paneki River based on the presence of Macrozoobenthos organisms as water bioindicators. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using a line transect sampling technique at three purposively selected stations. The results showed that Macrozoobenthos found belonged to 11 families: Gecarcinucidae, Coenagrionidae, Baetidae, Physidae, Hydropsychidae, Heptageniidae, Gomphidae, Lumbricidae, Palaemonidae, Philopotamidae, and Naucoridae. The calculation of water quality analysis based on the Family Biotic Index at station I was 4.07, and station II was 4.09, indicating both stations are classified as excellent water quality with slight pollution from organic matter. Station III scored 4.42, classified as good water quality with some pollution from organic matter.
Punhaarambh and the New Global Citizen

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Through the concept of Punhaarambh, which means to start again, rewrite, or reinterpret, this concluding chapter examines how we need to reinterpret our understanding of what it is to be a global citizen, and how internationalised education needs to be rewritten to embrace sustainability in a concrete and applied fashion for both the highest and the common good. To encourage development of the new global citizenship, higher education embraces internationalisation as a product of transnational and transcultural knowledge exchange in which learners and educators are in dialogue, both in research, and in teaching and learning. The new global citizen will be informed and engaged, culturally competent, and committed to sustainability, to social justice as well as cultural (in all its senses) diversity, and to engagement with nature.
MAXILLARY SINUSITIS: PRACTICAL CLINICL SUGGESTONS ON IAGNSIS AND TREATMENT

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The marvelous development of the various radical operations on the paranasal sinuses—and one must admit that they have well nigh reached the point of perfection from a mechanical point of view—has inspired confidence in them, especially among the younger rhinologists, that is unwarranted by the ultimate clinical results. An operation may be a triumph of perfection in the eyes of the mechanical genius who devised it, or of the skilful operator who faithfully followed his directions in every particular; yet the same operation may be pronounced a colossal failure by the patient, who during the remainder of his life may have to contend with a pus-secreting, scabbing area in his nose, a constant menace to his health and happiness. There are occasions when radical operations on the sinuses not only are indicated, but are absolutely necessary; a decision, however, to operate, save in an emergency, should not be
Recessions, unemployment and the brain: Do individual and aggregate economic shocks prior to retirement leave a cognitive ‘scar’?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Based on a linkage of state unemployment rates and individual-level data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we assess whether exposure to unfavorable macroeconomic conditions in the years leading up to retirement affect both levels as well as changes in cognitive functioning after retirement. Our results suggest that recessions experienced in the years prior to retirement can have substantial negative effects on cognitive function at age 65 and beyond. Our results are robust to various specifications and suggest that these effects are particularly strong for older workers with unstable careers who are hit by a recession, while they are similar for individuals from different race or educational level.
222 Augmentation of creatine kinase in vitro protects against simulated ischaemia reperfusion injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Creatine kinase (CK) catalyses the interchange of high energy phosphates to buffer ATP levels and maintains cellular energy homeostasis. The heart expresses three isoforms: sarcomeric mitochondrial CK (CKMT2), and the cytoplasmic CKM and CKB isoforms which form homo (MM/BB)- and hetero (MB)-dimers. Impaired CK activity is associated with heart failure and increases susceptibility to ischaemia/reperfusion injury. We hypothesised that augmentation of CK isoenzymes in vitro would improve cell viability following exposure to hypoxia/reoxygenation. For this purpose we created CK overexpression systems by cloning the open reading frame of the different CK isoform sequences into pcDNA3.1 expression vector and stably selected and characterised overexpressing HEK293 cell lines. The generated cell lines displayed increased CK activity in addition to individual CK isoenzyme activities. CKMT2, CKM and CKB cells had elevated total CK activity (p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.01 One-way ANOVA, Dunnetts post-test vs HEK293). Furthermore immunocytochemistry showed that CKMT2 co-localises with mitochondrial marker COXIV in the intermembrane space following transient transfection in HL1 atrial cell line. Both stable and untransfected HEK293 cells were exposed to simulated ischaemia/reperfusion by incubating at 1% O2 for 18 hour, followed by re-oxygenation at 95% O2 for 2 hour. The positive control rapamycin was supplemented into the cell media 4 hours prior to hypoxia. Viability analysis by propidium iodide detection using a CyAN flow cytometer at 488 nm, showed increased cell survival by 33% in CKMT2, 47% in CKM and 58% in CKB cells when compared to untransfected HEK293 controls (in all cases p<0.05, One-Way ANOVA Dunnetts post-test vs HEK293). To determine whether protection was due to changes in antioxidant capacity, cells were loaded with the reactive oxygen species indicator dye, DCFH2-DA, and exposed to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Overexpression of CK isoenzymes failed to attenuate fluorescence from oxidised dye in contrast to the known antioxidant, Trolox. Transient expression of CK constructs in the HL1 cell line was used to test the effects of anthracycline exposure on cell viability (48 hour doxorubicin). Pre-treatment with Trolox increased cell survival by 12.4% (79.4%±2.0 vs. 67%±1.5 in empty-vector control cells; p<0.01) whereas overexpression of CK isoenzymes did not alter cell death rates. In conclusion, overexpression of any one (of three) cardiac creatine kinase isoenzymes protects against ischemia/reperfusion in vitro. This most likely reflects enhanced energy reserve due to elevated CK activity, since response to oxidative challenge was unaltered. Further mechanistic studies and in vivo confirmation of these findings are merited.
Biomechanické a kineziologické aspekty techniky bikrosového startu

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper deals with techniques bicross start. Based on the analysis of factors limiting the performance start point out, as one of the most important stages in the race. Optimum take off is based on respect for kinesiology and biomechanical patterns, which is this paper dealing with. The aim of this study is to establish a theoretical foundation on which will be built upon empirical work dealing with optimization bicross start.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Robo4 stabilizes the vascular network by inhibiting pathologic angiogenesis and endothelial hyperpermeability.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The angiogenic sprout has been compared to the growing axon, and indeed, many proteins direct pathfinding by both structures. The Roundabout (Robo) proteins are guidance receptors with well-established functions in the nervous system; however, their role in the mammalian vasculature remains ill defined. Here we show that an endothelial-specific Robo, Robo4, maintains vascular integrity. Activation of Robo4 by Slit2 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-165-induced migration, tube formation and permeability in vitro and VEGF-165-stimulated vascular leak in vivo by blocking Src family kinase activation. In mouse models of retinal and choroidal vascular disease, Slit2 inhibited angiogenesis and vascular leak, whereas deletion of Robo4 enhanced these pathologic processes. Our results define a previously unknown function for Robo receptors in stabilizing the vasculature and suggest that activating Robo4 may have broad therapeutic application in diseases characterized by excessive angiogenesis and/or vascular leak. PMID: 18345009 Funding information This work was supported by: Intramural NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: Z01 HL005702-02 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL084516-02 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL084516 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL068873-06 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL068873-05 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL077671-03 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL068873 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL084516-01A1 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL065648 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL077671-04 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL077671 Cancer Research UK, United Kingdom More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Participatory processes and outcomes: the case of national irrigation system management in Bohol, Philippines

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The adoption of participatory irrigation management in the Philippine national irrigation systems (NIS) began in the mid‐1980s, after positive results were observed in some participatory small‐scale communal irrigation systems. Yet, NIS performance remained generally poor. In the case of the Capayas Irrigation System – an NIS located in Bohol, Philippines – farmer participation is limited, thus sustainability is low. Limited participation is rooted in the absence of initiatives to mobilize the farmers prior to facility construction, inadequate government funds and the consequent priority bias against allocation for institutional development activities. This is also due to the absence of effective mechanisms both for ensuring sanctions against delinquent water users and for promoting incentives for participation. Mechanisms for coordination among various stakeholders are necessary in order to provide an enabling environment for irrigation. Important complementary actions include mainstreaming institutional development support, periodic monitoring and evaluation of the Irrigators' Associations (IAs), and improvements in physical structures of the secondary and tertiary facilities. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Los fármacos como materia patentable y el encuadre del COVID-19 en la licencia del artículo 45 de la Ley 24481

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

At the beginning of 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a Pandemic. It is not necessary to do an exhaustive analysis to notice the important health, economic and legal consequences that it has had.In particular, Patent Law plays an important role in this regard, the possibility of a vaccine being patented in the country with the current ordinance of Law No. 24,481 and its amendments, and that the human right of property that the holder has on it, has a strong impact on the incentive to technical and scientific development. A right that cannot be analyzed in isolation, but in the context of the health emergency that is prevailing worldwide today and the public interest in the protection of another human right such as public health.The aforementioned technical development encouraged by the patent system is part of the in-terest not only of the legal community, but of society as a whole. In this paper we will analyze the context of the pandemic and Intellectual Property Law, the historical evolution in Argentine legislation regarding the possibility of patenting pharmacological products and procedures, the requirements that the vaccine must meet to be considered patentable matter in terms of the law, the procedure to be followed before the INPI for its patenting, the rights that the law grants to the owner of the vaccine patent and its framing in the Compulsory License in the context of a health emergency of Art. 45 of the Patent Law.
Optica Oftalmologia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This is the eighth book written by Professor Grom in Spanish and it illustrates his ability to teach a very difficult subject within the confines of the written word. The book is divided into three main sections. The first deals with basic optics. It reviews the mathematical principles of optics and contains superb illustrations to help the reader follow the stated principles. "... a superb textbook covering many aspects of optics..." The last two chapters of this section, covering color and lasers, are a welcome addition to a book on optics. The second section of the book is primarily concerned with a discussion of physiologic optics. It thoroughly discusses the optical properties of the human visual system. Chapter 23 summarizes the development of the human visual system from gestation through the first 8 years of life. Chapter 24 is specifically written for students of optics. It reviews 20 problems in optics,
Application of ACSA to solve single/multi objective OPF problem with FACTS devices

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a multi-objective adaptive clonal selection algorithm (MOACSA) to minimise generation cost, transmission losses and voltage stability index (L-index) when voltage source converter (VSC) based flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) devices are embedded in power systems. In this algorithm, a non-dominated sorting and crowding distance have been used to find and manage the Pareto optimal front. Further, a fuzzy based mechanism has been used to select best compromise solution from the Pareto set. Two types of VSC based FACTS devices such as static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) are considered and incorporated them as power injection models in multi-objective optimization problem. The proposed MOACSA has been tested on standard IEEE 30-bus test system with integration of these FACTS devices. The results are analyzed and compared with implementation of a standard nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II).
[Preliminary studies of the occurrence of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) in the areas of the Cracow-Czestochowa highland at various stages of human industrial activities].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the years 1987-88 the density of the population of I. ricinus on the territory of Kraków-Czestochowa Highland including the Ojców National Park was studied. The method of collection of ticks from 100 m2 fields was applied. On the spite of similar ecological conditions there was marked variation in the population density of I. ricinus. It decreased from East to West, where territories are under the strong pressure of the Upper Silesia and Olkusz industry.
Monetary Policy and the Quality of Information

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The personal computer and the development of websites permit everyone to have rapid access to enormous quantities of data. If it were ever true that policy analysis in developed countries was hindered by availability of timely information, that restriction has now all but disappeared. Data in developed countries become available to all interested parties everywhere almost as soon as they are put out. The organizers of the Bank of Japan's eighth international conference ask us to consider an important question: Has the quality of information increased commensurately? Do we now know substantially more about what is happening in the world or in our own countries. Or, has the increase in information lagged far behind the increase in data which central bankers and financial markets receive?
Robustness of Anytime Bandit Policies

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper studies the deviations of the regret in a stochastic multi-armed bandit problem. When the total number of plays n is known beforehand by the agent, Audibert et al. (2009) exhibit a policy such that with probability at least 1-1/n, the regret of the policy is of order log(n). They have also shown that such a property is not shared by the popular ucb1 policy of Auer et al. (2002). This work first answers an open question: it extends this negative result to any anytime policy. The second contribution of this paper is to design anytime robust policies for specific multi-armed bandit problems in which some restrictions are put on the set of possible distributions of the different arms.
Politics and Time in the Baal Cycle

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This essay considers the Ugaritic Baal Cycle in light of Mircea Eliade’s ideas about history and primordial archetypes. Unlike the Babylonian poem Enuma elish with which it is so often compared, the Baal Cycle does not depict a primordial combat and so does not root the political rule of today in the overcoming of a prior chaos. The Ugaritic poem adopts an attitude towards politics that is at odds with the one taken by the Babylonian creation narrative and championed by Eliade in his celebration of what he called “archaic ontology.” Instead of providing a means to overcome the contingency of historical becoming, the Baal Cycle embraces the historical aspect of political rule.