jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia Limits the Growth of Bovine Follicles in Vitro by Inhibiting Estrogen Receptor α

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Female animals living in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have lower ovulation rates because of the hypoxic environment, however, the mechanism of hypoxia on animal follicles is unclear. In this study, the effects of hypoxia on bovine follicles were investigated using an in vitro follicular culture system. The results show that there was a significant decrease in follicular diameter from day 3 to day 6 in both hypoxia and hypoxia with estrogen (E2) and fulvestrant (ICI 182780) (hypoxia + E2 + ICI) groups, when compared with a normoxia group (p < 0.05). We also observed significant downregulation of ERα and FSHR, while upregulation of LHCGR expression in the hypoxia group and hypoxia + E2 + ICI groups compared to the normoxia group (p < 0.05). The expression of IGF1 gene was significantly downregulated in hypoxia + E2 + ICI group when compared to the hypoxia + E2 group (p < 0.05). The expression of HIF1A, ADAMTS1, VEGFA, and EDN2 were upregulated in both hypoxia and hypoxia + E2 + ICI groups in comparison to normoxia group (p < 0.05). Under hypoxic conditions, the addition of E2 resulted in a decrease of HIF1A protein but an increase of ERα protein in cultured bovine follicles (p < 0.05). In summary, hypoxia limits the growth of bovine follicle cultured in vitro through inhibition of ERα.
CDLGP: A novel unsupervised classifier using deep learning for gene prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Gene finding is the most important research problems in Bioinformatics. Many researchers have proposed various methods to find the gene in a given DNA sequence. Some of the methods cannot predict the genes with variable DNA sequence lengths & some used static methods and others have very less accuracy rates. We have developed a novel unsupervised classifier which uses hybrid cellular automata with deep learning environment to address few problems in Bioinformatics. This classifier predicts the gene with an accuracy of 98.7% in .8 nano seconds.
Dynamics and Structure of Complex Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this thesis the relationship between the structure of complex networks and the behavior of dynamical processes on these networks is studied by network evolution. Adopting ideas from biological evolution or Monte Carlo simulations the method of network evolution is developed as strategy to generate networks with a prescribed dynamical behavior without any prior knowledge about the structure-dynamics relation. Here, Laplacian dynamics are considered forming a basic - simple but highly relevant - class of dynamics. Networks are successfully evolved towards a power-law scaling in the spectrum of the graph Laplacian which defines the spectral dimension as important characteristic of diffusion behavior. The resulting evolved networks exhibit heterogeneous structures with densely connected cores and sparse peripheries. The influence of the degree distribution and degree correlations on the spectral behavior is investigated. To this end random networks with the degree distribution and degree correlations of the evolved networks are generated and the Laplacian spectra are compared. Finally, homogeneous networks with the prescribed power law in the Laplacian spectrum are generated by restricting the evolution to regular networks. The resulting evolved networks are found to be highly symmetric. The symmetry is exploited to construct quotient networks as systematic coarse-graining separating the Laplacian spectra into contributions from the repeating symmetric motifs on small scales and the underlying large-scale structures, which are particularly relevant in determining the spectral dimension.
Aerial view of the swollen Los Angeles River showing Souther Pacific Railroad's Bullring Yard, North Broadway and North Spring Streets, Los Angeles, 1938

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Photograph of an aerial view of the swollen Los Angeles River showing Souther Pacific Railroad's Bullring Yard, North Broadway and North Spring Street, Los Angeles, 1938. The river runs from the top of the image to the bottom and is crossed by two concrete bridges. Trains can be seen in the railroad yard at left, while dozens of large industrial buildings line the banks of the river. Many automobiles can be seen traveling on the roads in the area. Photoprint reads: "This photograph is loaned to you. Please return to: Illustrator. L.A. City Planning Dept. Rm.361 F City Hall, Los Angeles, California".
F-LOAM : Fast LiDAR Odometry and Mapping

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) has wide robotic applications such as autonomous driving and unmanned aerial vehicles. Both computational efficiency and localization accuracy are of great importance towards a good SLAM system. Existing works on LiDAR based SLAM often formulate the problem as two modules: scan-to-scan match and scan-to-map refinement. Both modules are solved by iterative calculation which are computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a general solution that aims to provide a computationally efficient and accurate framework for LiDAR based SLAM. Specifically, we adopt a non-iterative two-stage distortion compensation method to reduce the computational cost. For each scan input, the edge and planar features are extracted and matched to a local edge map and a local plane map separately, where the local smoothness is also considered for iterative pose optimization. Thorough experiments are performed to evaluate its performance in challenging scenarios, including localization for a warehouse Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) and a public dataset on autonomous driving. The proposed method achieves a competitive localization accuracy with a processing rate of more than 10 Hz in the public dataset evaluation, which provides a good trade-off between performance and computational cost for practical applications.
Nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy for choroidal neovascularization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Choroidal neovascularization(CNV)is the main cause of severe visual impairment in many blindness-leading diseases,including age-related macular degeneration(AMD).At present,treatment for CNV is still a challenging work since drug delivery may be limited to the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)and choroid because of several formidable barriers.In this article,we reviewed the properties of nanoparticles,and recent substantial progress in the development of nanoparticles as a targeted vector of gene therapy for CNV,which is a promising approach to provide safe and long-term gene expression to inhibit experimental CNV.

Key words:
nanoparticle; choroidal neovascularization; gene therapy
Analysis of Goods Production Control Using The EOQ and ROP Method In Malaya Mart Bangkinang

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to compare the application of the EOQ method with the method used by the company in controlling the supply of merchandise inventory at Malaya Mart Bangkinang. This study analyzes the application of using the EOQ and ROP methods in 2020. From the research that has been done, it is known that the company's order frequency and total inventory costs have a large value and the company's policy does not have calculations for securing inventory and reorder points. Compared to using the EOQ and ROP methods, the frequency and total inventory costs have a small value and the EOQ and ROP methods calculate safety stock for merchandise inventory stock and re-inventory for merchandise inventory control.
A Preliminary Analysis Of The Association Between Variants Within APOE Gene And Risk Of Concussion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In rugby, concussion incidence can range from 4.4 to 8 injuries/1000 player hours. Concussion is the transmission of biomechanical forces to the head resulting in neurological deficits. These deficits could be due to elevated release of brain tissue damage markers resulting in neural cell death. Apolipoprotein E is encoded by the APOE gene and is involved in nerve tissue integrity. Polymorphisms within the APOE gene were previously associated with increased risk and severity for degenerative and chronic brain disorders. The [Latin Small Letter Open E]4 allelic polymorphism of the APOE gene was associated with greater severity for chronic brain injury in professional boxers. PURPOSE: To determine the association between APOE polymorphisms and concussion history in rugby players. METHODS: In this case-control genetic association study, 224 rugby players (aged 15 - 39 years old) were recruited from schools and clubs. One hundred and twelve self-reported previous concussions vs. 112 non-concussed, sport-matched controls. All participants were genotyped for rs405509 (G/T), rs429358 ([Latin Small Letter Open E]3/[Latin Small Letter Open E]4) and rs7412 ([Latin Small Letter Open E]2/[Latin Small Letter Open E]3) polymorphisms within the promoter and protein-coding regions of the APOE gene. The details of their sport, concussion and co-morbid medical history were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed with significance set at P<0.05. RESULTS: All three polymorphisms (rs405509, rs429358 and rs7412) were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). There were no significant rs405509 (P=0.107), rs429358 (P=0.319) and rs7412 (P=0.532) genotype frequency differences between the concussed cases and non-concussed controls. However, the frequencies of the age-adjusted inferred G-[Latin Small Letter Open E]4-[Latin Small Letter Open E]3 (27% vs. 22%; P=0.041) and G-[Latin Small Letter Open E]3-[Latin Small Letter Open E]2 (26% vs. 20%; P=0.005) haplotypes, of the three polymorphisms (rs405509-rs429358-rs7412) within APOE, were significantly greater for concussed cases compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results potentially implicate the combined effect of the three APOE polymorphisms in sports concussion predisposition in a rugby-playing cohort. APOE [Latin Small Letter Open E]4 allele was previously implicated in increasing the pathological deposition of amyloid β-protein thereby playing a role in the neuropathology related to brain injury. Further participant recruitment to increase the sample size is currently underway.Supported by NRF and URC.
How Does Wind Influence Near-Nadir and Low-Incidence Ka-Band Radar Backscatter and Coherence from Small Inland Water Bodies?

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

While many studies have been conducted regarding wind-driven Ka-band scattering on the ocean and sea surfaces, few have identified the impacts of Ka-band scattering on small inland water bodies, and fewer have identified the influence of wind on coherence over water. These previous studies have been limited in spatial scale, covering only large water bodies >25 km2. The recently launched Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission is the first Ka-band InSAR satellite designed for mapping water surface elevations and open water areas for rivers as narrow as 100 m and lakes as small as 0.0625 km2. Because measurements of these types are novel, there remains some uncertainty about expected backscatter amplitudes given wind-driven water surface roughness variability. A previous study using the airborne complement to SWOT, AirSWOT, found that low backscatter and low coherence values were indicative of higher errors in the water surface elevation products, recommending minimum thresholds for backscatter and coherence for filtering the data to increase the accuracy of averaged data for lakes and rivers. We determined that the global average wind speed over lakes is 4 m/s, and after comparing AirSWOT backscatter and coherence data with ERA-5 wind speeds, we found that the minimum required speed to retrieve high backscatter and coherence is 3 m/s. We examined 11,072 lakes across Canada and Alaska, with sizes ranging from 350 m2 to 156 km2, significantly smaller than what could be measured with previous Ka-band instruments in orbit. We found that small lakes (0.0625–0.25 km2) have significantly lower backscatter (3–5 dB) and 0.20–0.25 lower coherence than larger lakes (>1 km2). These results suggest that approximately 75% of SWOT observable lake areas around the globe will have consistently high-accuracy water surface elevations, though seasonal wind variability should remain an important consideration. Despite very small lakes presenting lower average backscatter and coherence, this study asserts that SWOT will be able to accurately resolve the water surface elevations and water surface extents for significantly smaller water bodies than have been previously recorded from satellite altimeters. This study additionally lays the foundation for future high-resolution inland water wind speed studies using SWOT data, when the data become available, as the relationships between wind speed and Ka-band backscatter reflect those of traditional scatterometers designed for oceanic studies.
Suicide in Male and Female Physicians

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The frequency of suicide among physicians in the United States over the 5 1/2-year period March 1965 to August 1970 was studied. Suicides and possible suicides were identified through the obituary listings inJAMA. Confirmation of suicide was attempted for equivocal cases where possible. Within this time period, 530 deaths by suicide were identified, 489 in men and 41 in women. Analysis indicated that the rate in male physicians was approximately 1.15 times that of the overall male population, whereas for female physicians the rate was fully three times that expected on the basis of population values. For physicians 45 years of age and over, suicide rates were somewhat higher for men. Below that age, there was a marked excess among the women. Twelve of the 41 women were in training. The findings are consistent with reports of high rates of suicide among females in other professions. (JAMA228:323-328, 1974)
Antimicrobial Activity of Depsidones and Macrocyclic Peptides Isolated from Marine Sponge‐Derived Fungus Aspergillus nidulans M256

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Chemical study on marine sponge‐derivated fungus Aspergillus nidulans resulted in the isolation of seven depsidones ( 1 – 7 ) and two macrocyclic peptides ( 8 and 9 ). Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive analyses of HRESIMS and NMR spectral data, as well as comparison with the literature. Compound 1 was an undescribed depsidone. All compounds exhibited significant antimicrobial activity (MICs: 2–128 μg/mL) towards at least one of seven microbial strains, including Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella enterica , and Candida albicans . Of these, chlorinated depsidones ( 1 – 3 , and 5 ) displayed potential antimicrobial activity. Nidulin ( 2 ) possessed good activity against tested strains except for S. enterica with MIC values in range of 2–16 μg/mL. Interestingly, undescribed depsidone 1 was selectively bioactive on the Gram‐positive bacteria (MICs: 2–4 μg/mL) and yeast (MIC: 8 μg/mL) but inactivity on the Gram‐negative bacteria (MICs: >256 μg/mL). Macrocyclic peptides, 8 and 9 , displayed modest activity against E. faecalis strain with MIC values of 32 and 128 μg/mL, respectively.
Notes on so-called inter-speaker difference in spontaneous speech: the case of Japanese voiced obstruent

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In spontaneous speech, seemingly ‘inter-speaker’ variation is not thoroughly speaker-dependent. It is often the cases that, in addition to the genuine speaker-dependent factors, contextual factors like speaking rate and linguistic environment also have their influence on the variation. In this paper, the variations in the vocal-tract closure articulation of Japanese voiced obstruent consonants are reanalyzed in view of the separation between speaker-dependent and contextual factors. The consonants in the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese were analyzed by means of logistic regression using the realization of vocal-tract closure as the binary dependent variable and the TACA (time allotted for consonant articulation), a recently proposed articulatory parameter, as the independent variable. Thresholds of TACA for the realization of vocal-tract closure were computed for all speakers. The results revealed clear inverse correlation between the threshold and the mean realization rate of closure. To explain the perturbation in the correlation pattern, influence of skewed distribution of phonemes and pauses were evaluated. The results showed the expected patterns in /z/ and /b/, but not in /d/ and /g/.
Probabilistic assessment of strength and ductility of FRP-confined concrete columns

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Copyright © 2016 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Confinement using Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) significantly improves both the strength and the ductility of reinforced concrete columns. Many analytical models for prediction of strength and ductility of the FRP-confined concrete can be found in the literature. However, most of these models were developed based on conventional deterministic approaches. In this study, a probabilistic approach for predicting the ultimate strength and strain of FRP-confined concrete is developed. Using probabilistic models for concrete and FRP materials and the Monte Carlo simulation technique, uncertainty in evaluating the ultimate strength and strain in FRP-confined concrete is investigated and lower percentile design models are suggested.
Cross-listing and corporate governance: Bonding or avoiding?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In their seminal survey of corporate governance, Shleifer and Vishny distill the issue into a blunt question: "How do [the suppliers of finance] make sure that managers do not steal the capital they supply or invest it in bad projects?" The Enron/Arthur Andersen debacle and the ensuing wave’s of scandal vividly proved that American investors may face this question in the most acute form. To the extent that corporate governance issues play a role in the cross-listing decision, it is a negative role. Generally speaking, the foreign issuer regime "cuts corners" exactly on the issues of corporate governance relating to corporate insiders. The notion that issuers may want to improve their corporate governance by subjecting themselves to a better regulatory regime through cross-listing—say, on an American market—is appealingly elegant. If an American firm could use an NYSE listing to bond its insiders to better governance standards, why couldn’t foreign firms do the same? In an oft-cited 1999 article, Jack Coffee argues that they do just that: In other cases, however, the cross-listing may not entail corporate governance improvements. The cross-listing literature refers to differences in investor protection in three separate respects. In practice, however, foreign issuers can easily obtain an exemption from corporate governance listing requirements. The notion that corporations can self-improve their corporate governance by opting into a foreign country’s legal and regulatory regime through cross-listing has made considerable inroads into the legal and finance literature.
A New Technology of TRIAD Cement-Free Castables – Practical Aspects

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The article presents the new technology of the refractory materials used for the ladles and pouring devices.The aim for solving the majority of the problems that originated from the refractory lining was to develop the group of cement-free TRIAD products by Vesuvius company.The cement-free setting system in the TRIAD products eliminates calcium oxide (CaO) that occurs in low and extra low cement concretes resulting in its higher strength at higher temperatures.The features of the new cement-free castables were described.One of the most unique features of this technology is the porous material structure.Small venting microchannels are formed during the concrete setting process.These micro-channels allow for removing water vapor from the lining without affecting its refractory properties.On the other hand, the diameter of pores is so low that it disallows the penetration of slag and metal into the lining, extends its operating life at the same time facilitates cleaning and removing build-ups.The procedure of the preparation of these materials, as well as the method of building of the lining, were presented.An example of the practical use of these materials in the ductile cast iron foundry was presented, showing the advantages of the new refractory materials over the traditional ones.
<title>Analysis and control of large thermal deflection of composite plates using shape memory alloy</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A finite element method for predicting critical temperature and postbuckling deflection is presented for composite plates embedded with prestrained shape memory alloy (SMA) wires and subjected to high temperatures. The temperature- dependent material properties of SMA and matrix, and the geometrical non linearities of large deflection are considered in the formulation. An incremental method consisting of small temperature increments and including the effect of initial deflection and initial stresses for materials non linearities is presented. Within each temperature increment, the Newton-Raphson iteration method is used for calculating large thermal deflection. Results show that the critical buckling temperature can be raised high enough and the postbuckling deflection can be reduced and controlled for a given operating temperature range by the proper selection of SMA volume fraction, prestrain and alloy composition.
Electrochemical Detection of Cu Based on ZnO/PVA Nanocomposites and Doped by Cellulose Nanocrystals

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract River water must meet environmental and health standards for social uses such as drinking, bathing, agriculture, and sanitation. However, many rivers are contaminated with hazardous substances like copper (Cu), which can be harmful in excess. This study aims to detect Cu in water samples using a Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) modified with Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), and doped with Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC). ZnO was selected for its chemical stability, wide energy band gap, and exciton binding energy. PVA, a conductive polymer with hydroxyl groups, was used to enhance the surface area, while CNC increased heavy metal adsorption. The ZnO/PVA/CNC nanocomposite was synthesized via the hydrothermal method and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Electrochemical properties were tested with Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) using a Corrtest potentiostat. The nanocomposite was applied as a thin film to modify the working electrode in GCE measurements. CV results showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.12 ppm and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.98758, while SWV measurements produced an LOD of 2.52 ppm and an R2 of 0.81282. These findings demonstrate the potential of ZnO/PVA/CNC-modified electrodes for detecting Cu in water samples.