jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
C-62 The Physiological Effects of Infant Massage Techniques in a 17-month-old Patient with Bohring-Opitz Syndrome

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Bohring-Opitz syndrome (BOS) is a rare congenital disorder with approximately 60 documented cases worldwide. Distinguishing characteristics include a complex phenotype with associated feeding intolerance, emesis, sleep difficulties, respiratory complications, seizures, and failure to thrive. Infant massage is a supportive intervention with documented positive effects in medically-fragile infants, suggesting its potential as a non-pharmacological treatment in BOS. Limited data exists regarding the clinical management of patients with BOS. To initiate this effort, we report the effects of infant massage on a male with BOS. Method Born at 32 weeks gestation, the patient presented with chronic respiratory failure, tracheostomy, and ventilator dependence. Development was complicated by chronic infections, autonomic instability, feeding intolerance, seizures, and prolonged sedation wean. Clinicians provided infant massage (~15 minutes/week) to the patient’s hands and feet from the ages of 12-20 months, with the goal of decreasing heart rate. Heart rate was measured after each massage session over a 3-month period (14 sessions total) during hospitalization. Results Decreased heart rate was recorded following all massage sessions, with an average decline of 10.4 beats per minute. Decreased non-purposeful body movements, increased tactile orientation, increased feeding tolerance, and timely discharge from the hospital were also noted. Conclusion This case study offers initial support for the use of infant massage for hospitalized patients with BOS. Infant massage was associated with lowered heart rate and improved hospitalization course. While the researchers propose integration of infant massage within the clinical management of patients with BOS, further research is warranted to elucidate its implications for improved health outcomes.
Are you sure? Examining the potential benefits of truth-checking as a learning activity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Learners may be uncertain about whether encountered information is true. Uncertainty may encourage people to critically assess information’s accuracy, serving as a kind of desirable difficulty that benefits learning. Uncertainty may also have negative effects, however, leading people to mistrust true information or to later misremember false information as true. In three experiments, participants read history statements. In one condition, all statements were true, and the participants knew it. In the other two conditions, some statements were true, and others were false. Participants were either told the statements’ accuracy or they guessed the statements’ accuracy prior to feedback, a manipulation we refer to as truth-checking. All participants were then tested on recalling the true information and on recognising true versus false statements. We observed a significant benefit of truth-checking in one of the three experiments, suggesting that truth-checking may have some potential to enhance learning, perhaps by inducing people to encode to-be-learned information more deeply than they would otherwise. Even so, the benefit may come at a cost—truth-checking took significantly longer than study alone, and it led to a greater likelihood of thinking false information was true, suggesting costs of truth-checking may tend to outweigh benefits.
Effect of orally administered D‐penicillamine on gold deposited in the rat kidney

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Although orally administered D‐penicillamine, a chelating agent, is known to enhance urinary excretion of gold in man, studies in experimental animals raised the possibility that renal deposition of gold might increase in the presence of the circulating gold‐penicillamine complex. To investigate this possibility, rats previously treated with a gold salt were given a diet containing the chelating agent for a 28‐day period. The renal content of gold was assayed at the end of the study period. The results showed that administration of D‐penicillamine significantly enhanced the removal of gold from the kidneys.
Synthesis Temperature Effect on the Structural Features and Optical Absorption of Zn1−xCoxAl2O4 Oxides

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Zinc/cobalt aluminates with spinel-type structure were prepared by a polymeric route, leading to a pure phase with controlled grain size. The prepared pigments were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction Rietveld analyses in order to determine structural features, scanning electron microscopy for morphological investigation, helium pycnometry and (27)Al MAS NMR in order to highlight the occurrence of defects inside the structure, and UV-visible-near-IR spectroscopy to identify electronic transitions responsible for the compounds' color. The green-blue coloration of these pigments is known to be dependent on the sample thermal history. Here, for the first time, the Zn(1-x)Co(x)Al(2)O(4) color is newly interpreted. The pigment is green once synthesized at low temperature (i.e., with diminution of the pigment grain size); this variation was attributed to the appearance of a new absorption band located at about 500 nm, linked to a complex network feature involving Co ions in octahedral sites as well as oxygen and cationic vacancies. Hence, this work shows the possibility of easily getting a nonstoichiometric network with an abnormal cationic distribution from "chimie douce" processes with moderate synthesis temperature, and so various colorations for the same composition.
Variation in Fruit Juice Consumption Among Infants and Toddlers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Juice is a common component of a child's diet. Excessive juice consumption may lead to adverse nutritional and dental outcomes. The objective of the study was to evaluate consumption patterns and parental perception regarding juice in a sample of children from families participating or not participating in Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) services.Parents of children aged 12 months to 5 years completed a survey consisting of questions about beverage intake and related opinions. Practices were selected to provide a mix of families who do and do not use WIC services. Comparisons were made by WIC use and by quantity of juice consumption.Of 173 surveys, 51% of participants had received benefits from the WIC program. Overall, children who drank larger quantities of fruit juice drank less milk. One-third of all of the parents who responded to the survey reported that they believed that juice was at least as healthy as fresh fruit, with WIC parents reporting this belief more often (56% vs 9%; P < 0.01) than non-WIC parents. Two-thirds of all of the parents surveyed (66%) introduced juice before their child reached age 12 months, and this was more likely in WIC families (78% vs 54%; P < 0.05). Overall, 81% would prefer to receive fresh fruit as part of the WIC package.Higher juice consumption is associated with decreased milk consumption. Many parents expressed a belief that juice was at least as healthful as fresh fruit. Being a WIC recipient was associated with an earlier introduction of juice into a child's diet and a greater perception that juice was healthful.
Aging and cancer: Is glucose a mediator between them?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aging can increase cancer incidence because of accumulated mutations that initiate cancer and via compromised body control of premalignant lesions development into cancer. Relative contributions of these two factors are debated. Recent evidence suggests that the latter is rate limiting. In particular, hyperglycemia caused by compromised body control of blood glucose may be a factor of selection of somatic mutation-bearing cells for the ability to use glucose for proliferation. High glucose utilization in aerobic glycolysis is a long known characteristic of cancer. The new evidence adds to the concepts that have been being developed starting from mid-1970ies to suggest that age-related shifts in glucose and lipid metabolism increase the risk of cancer and compromise prognoses for cancer patients and to propose antidiabetic biguanides, including metformin, for cancer prevention and as an adjuvant means of cancer treatment aimed at the metabolic rehabilitation of patients. The new evidence is consistent with several effects of glucose contributing to aging and acting synergistically to enhance carcinogenesis. Glucose can affect (i) separate cells (via promoting somatic mutagenesis and epigenetic instability), (ii) cell populations (via being a factor of selection of phenotypic variants in cell populations for higher glucose consumption and, ultimately, for high aerobic glycolysis); (iii) cell microenvironment (via modification of extracellular matrix proteins), and (iv) the systemic levels (via shifting the endocrine regulation of metabolism toward increasing blood lipids and body fat, which compromise immunological surveillance and promote inflammation). Thus, maintenance of youthful metabolic characteristics must be important for cancer prevention and treatment.
Characterization of milk protein aggregates as a function of casein micelles/whey proteins ratio by Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation (AF4) coupled with Multiangle Laser Light Scattering (MALLS)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Currently, most of dairy emulsions at neutral pH contain thickening or gelling agent for improving their texture. However, manufacturers are more and more seeking for the substitution of these food additives by natural ingredients like proteins. During heat treatment of milk, whey proteins are denatured and can interact with casein micelles (Cas) to form Mixed Aggregates (MA). In dairy emulsions, MA are able to adsorb at the oil-water\ninterface and texturize emulsions by connecting oil droplets1. In this way, MA could be an alternative to additives used in dairy emulsions. The casein micelles/whey proteins (Cas/WP) ratio is a key parameter for the production of MA. Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation coupled with MALLS could be an interesting method to define the best Cas/WP ratio (80/20 or 20/80) to use. Moreover, this technique can be used to determine the stability of MA to calcium concentration change and pH variation.
Comparative Analysis of Pso-Pid and Hu-Pid

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

PID control is an important ingredient of a distributed control system.The controllers are also embedded in many special purpose control systems.PID control is often combined with logic, sequential functions, selectors, and simple function blocks to build the complicated automation systems used for energy production, transportation, and manufacturing.Many sophisticated control strategies, such as model predictive control, are also organized hierarchically.PID control is used at the lowest level; the multivariable controller gives the set points to the controllers at the lower level.The PID controller can thus be said to be the "bread and butter" of power system engineering.It is an important component in every control engineer"s tool box.PID controllers have survived many changes in technology, from mechanics and pneumatics to microprocessors via electronic tubes, transistors, integrated circuits.The microprocessor has had a dramatic influence on the PID controller
Supplementary Figure 1 from MNX1 Is Oncogenically Upregulated in African-American Prostate Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure 1. Localization of MNX1 mRNA in prostate cancer tissues. MNX1 mRNA was detected using RNAScope detection technology with brown dots represent mRNA signals. A, B. Strong expression of MNX1 mRNA in prostate cancer cells (arrowheads). Minimal expression was seen in benign epithelium (double arrow). No expression was seen in stromal tissues. C, D. Weak expression of MNX1 mRNA in prostate cancer cells (arrowheads).</p>
Predictor index of functional limb length discrepancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Limb length discrepancy (LLD) of lower extremities is underdiagnosed due to compensatory mechanisms during locomotion. The natural course of compensation leads to biomechanical alteration in human musculoskeletal system leading to adverse effects. General consensus accepts LLD more than 2 cm as significant to cause biomechanical alteration. No studies were conducted correlating height and lower extremities true length (TL) to signify LLD. Examining significant LLD in relation to height and TL using dynamic gait analysis with primary focus on kinematics and secondary focus on kinetics would provide an objective evaluation method. Methodology: Forty participants with no evidence of LLD were recruited. Height and TL were measured. Reflective markers were attached at specific points in lower extremity and subjects walked in gait lab at a self-selected normal walking pace with artificial LLDs of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 cm simulated using shoe raise. Accommodation period of 30 min was given. Infrared cameras were used to capture the motion. Primary kinematic (knee flexion and pelvic obliquity (PO)) and secondary kinetic (ground reaction force (GRF)) were measured at right heel strike and left heel strike. Functional adaptation was analyzed and the postulated predictor indices (PIs) were used as a screening tool using height, LLD, and TL to notify significance. Results: There was a significant knee flexion component seen in height category of less than 170 cm. There was significant difference between LLD 3 cm and 4 cm. No significant changes were seen in PO and GRF. PIs of LLD/height and LLD/TL were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve. LLD/height as a PI with value of 1.75 was determined with specificity of 80% and sensitivity of 76%. Conclusion: A height of less than 170 cm has significant changes in relation to LLD. PI using LLD/height appears to be a promising tool to identify patients at risk.
A MAP LARGER THAN THE TERRITORY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract (EN) For Australian Aboriginals territory is not a plot of land enclosed within borders but an interlocking network of paths or &apos;ways through&apos;. To survive in the city, as in the Outback, we tend to spend much of our time moving from one place to another. As psychogeographers studying &quot;the effects of the geographical environment... on the emotions and behavior of individuals&quot; (Debord), we can use our moving bodies to deconstruct the city-space. What subliminal messages are conveyed by urban planning? In what ways is our experience shaped by environmental factors, weather conditions, passers-by or random incidents? If memory and consciousness are an important part of what it means to be human, can we remember where we went just yesterday? A Map Larger Than the Territory is a web-based application that enables participants to reactivate memories of place and space by representing their paths across the city. The project aims to build experiential topographies based on such notions as marker, rendezvous, obstacle, path-building block. To rezalize this project it was necessary to develop a method of notation for participants to mark up their paths, a database of urban intineraries and a web interface to search, sort and display this data.
EU Fundamental Rights, EC Fundamental Freedoms and Private Law

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Originally, private law was considered to be immune from the effect of fundamental rights, the function of which was limited to being individual defenses against the vigilant eye of the state. This traditional view, however, has been put under pressure as a result of the growing effect of fundamental rights in private law, which makes it possible to speak about the tendency towards the constitutionalization of private law. Although until recently this tendency has primarily manifested itself in the national law of many EU Member States as a result of the readiness of the domestic courts to grant effect to fundamental rights embodied in national constitutions and international human rights instruments in purely private law disputes, an interesting perspective on the issue is also provided by EU law. The aim of this article is to trace in EU law the signs of the developments which have been occurring in national legal systems with regard to the effect of fundamental rights in private law, and, in the light of this, to outline possible directions in the evolution of the relationship between private law, on the one hand, and EC fundamental freedoms and EU fundamental rights, on the other, in the context of EU law.
Rehabilitation Methods after Surgical Treatment of the Static Foot Deformities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background The issue of rehabilitation after surgical treatment of the foot deformities is not sufficiently covered in the contemporary literature. In spite of diversity of certain approaches used in the rehabilitation process, there is no consistency in their application. In addition, there is no consensus on the effectiveness of various techniques, on the quantity and quality of the procedures and the timing of their introduction in the rehabilitation process. The objective of this article is to analyze the effectiveness of the techniques used in the rehabilitation of patients after surgical treatment of the foot deformities. Methods The article describes methods that are, in our opinion, the most effective and well-established in the post-operative recovery of patients. The principles of complex usage of conservative treatment methods, including lymph drainage massage, manual therapy and therapeutic physical training, are covered. Results The introduction of the protocols we have developed in the rehabilitation of patients after surgical treatment of the foot deformities helped to organize the recovery process, to clarify the timing of rehabilitation measures, to improve the final result of treatment. Conclusions The use of pathogenetically justified methods of rehabilitation, which include massage, manual therapy and therapeutic physical training, promotes the most rapid and complete recovery of motor functions in patients after surgical treatment of the foot deformities.
Flow cytometric examination of DNA ploidy, p53 and bcl-2 expression in primary squamous epithelial pulmonary carcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was answering the question whether cytofluorimetric determining of DNA ploidy, p53 and bcl-2 expression in tumour cells may enhance the diagnosis of squamous epithelial lung carcinoma. Samples of neoplastic tissue were taken from 11 operated patients. DNA staining was performed with propidium iodide. p53 and bcl-2 expression was evaluated by using monoclonal antibodies. By assessing of DNA ploidy we observed increased proliferative activity and, at the same time, high rate of the cell necrosis. In the analysis of p53 protein the presence of antigen was observed on average in 7.1 +/- 2.4, 15.1 +/- 3.9, and 19.8 +/- 4.1% of normal cells of the pulmonary tissue, the peripheral part of the tumour and cells of the central part of the tumour, respectively. bcl-2 was found on average in 7.3 +/- 2.2, 9.9 +/- 3.1, and 12.4 +/- 3.19% of the above cells, respectively. These results show that the technique of cytofluorimetric evaluation of p53 and bcl-2 proteins can be useful in diagnosis of pulmonary cancer in addition to classic histological and immunohistochemical methods.
Determinants of evolving metabolic and cardiovascular benefit/risk profiles of rosiglitazone therapy during the natural history of diabetes: molecular mechanisms in the context of integrated pathophysiology

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Rosiglitazone is a thiazolidinedione, a synthetic PPARγ receptor agonist with insulin-sensitizing properties that is used as an antidiabetic drug. In addition to improving glycemic control through actions in metabolic target tissues, rosiglitazone has numerous biological actions that impact on cardiovascular homeostasis. Some of these actions are helpful (e.g., improving endothelial function), whereas others are potentially harmful (e.g., promoting fluid retention). Since cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are major endpoints for diabetes, it is essential to understand how the natural history of diabetes alters the net benefits and risks of rosiglitazone therapy. This complex issue is an important determinant of optimal use of rosiglitazone and is critical for understanding cardiovascular safety issues. We give special attention to the effects of rosiglitazone in diabetic patients with stable coronary artery disease and the impact of rosiglitazone actions on atherosclerosis and plaque instability. This provides a rational conceptual framework for predicting evolving benefit/risk profiles that inform optimal use of rosiglitazone in the clinical setting and help explain the results of recent large clinical intervention trials where rosiglitazone had disappointing cardiovascular outcomes. Thus, in this perspective, we describe what is known about the molecular mechanisms of action of rosiglitazone on cardiovascular targets in the context of the evolving pathophysiology of diabetes over its natural history.
Spinar paradigm and the central engine of gamma-ray bursts

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A spinar is a collapsing object with quasi-equilibrium. Its equilibrium is maintained by the balance of centrifugal and gravitational forces and its evolution is determined by its magnetic field. A model of spinar quasi-equilibrium has recently been discussed in the context of an extralong X-ray plateau in a gamma-ray burst. In this paper, we propose a simple non-stationary three-parameter collapse model with the determining role of rotation and magnetic field. The input parameters of the theory are the mass, angular momentum and magnetic field of the collapsar. The model includes an approximate description of the following effects: the centrifugal force, the relativistic effects of the Kerr metrics, the pressure of nuclear matter, the dissipation of angular momentum as a result of the magnetic field, the decrease of the dipole magnetic moment as a result of compression and general-relativity effects (the black hole has no hair), neutrino cooling, time dilatation and gravitational redshift. The model describes the temporal behaviour of the central engine and demonstrates the qualitative variety of the types of such behaviour in nature. We apply our approach to an explanation of the observed features of all types of gamma-ray bursts. In particular, the model allows the unification of the phenomena of precursors, X-ray and optical flares, and the appearance of a plateau on the time-scale of several thousand seconds.