jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Biological significance and the related molecular mechanism of Ets1 mRNA expression in lung cancer by tissue microarray (TMA)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To investigate the expressions and molecular mechanism of Ets-1 mRNA, and TGFβ1 and c-Met proteins in the pathogenesis, progression of lung cancer by tissue microarray (TMA) method. The expressions of Ets-1 mRNA, and TGFβ1 and c-Met proteins were detected in 89 primary lung cancers, 12 lung cancer with lymph-node metastasis and 12 precancerous lesions by FISH(fluorescence in situ hybridization) and immunohistochemical method, and 10 normal lung tissues were used as controls. The expressions of Ets-1 mRNA, and TGFβ1 and c-Met proteins were significantly higher in 89 primary lung cancer than in the control group (P<0.05). The expressions of Ets-1 mRNA, and TGFβ1 and c-Met proteins were related to lymph node metastasis and clinical stages. There was a positive correlation between the Ets-1 mRNA expression and TGFβ1 and c-Met proteins (P<0.05). Ets-1 mRNA, TGFβ1 and c-Met proteins may be related to the pathogenesis, progression and malignant behavior of lung cancer. They may play an important role in prognosis assessment of lung cancer.
Human Action Sequence Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper classifies human action sequences from videos using a machine translation model. In contrast to classical human action classification which outputs a set of actions, our method output a sequence of action in the chronological order of the actions performed by the human. Therefore our method is evaluated using sequential performance measures such as Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) scores. Action sequence classification has many applications such as learning from demonstration, action segmentation, detection, localization and video captioning. Furthermore, we use our model that is trained to output action sequences to solve downstream tasks; such as video captioning and action localization. We obtain state of the art results for video captioning in challenging Charades dataset obtaining BLEU-4 score of 34.8 and METEOR score of 33.6 outperforming previous state-of-the-art of 18.8 and 19.5 respectively. Similarly, on ActivityNet captioning, we obtain excellent results in-terms of ROUGE (20.24) and CIDER (37.58) scores. For action localization, without using any explicit start/end action annotations, our method obtains localization performance of 22.2 mAP outperforming prior fully supervised methods.
Control of polyunsaturated acids in tissue lipids.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Since the discovery in 1929 that certain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for life and health, intense investigation has revealed the multiplicity of members in each of several families of PUFA, no two of which are equivalent. The quantified nutrient requirements for the essential dietary precursors of the two dominant families of PUFA have been estimated, and the general functions of these families are slowly becoming known. The PUFA are essential components of structural membrane lipids. The functions of the individual members are not yet differentiated, except as they act as precursors of synthesis of unique octadecanoid, eicosanoid, and docosanoid products of oxidation that have potent biological properties. The PUFA occur in animals and higher plants as ubiquitous and essential components of structural lipid that are in a dynamic equilibrium with the pool of dietary acyl groups. Many human diseases have been found to involve unique essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiencies or distortions of the normal equilibrium pattern. The equilibrium is influenced by the level of dietary intake or precursors, by the presence of competing essential and nonessential acyl groups, by nonoptimum intake of other essential nutrients, by hormonal effects, by drug therapy, and by other effects upon physiological condition. With the many variables already known to modulate or control the equilibrium, it should be possible with more precise understanding of each variable to shift abnormal equilibria in the direction of normalcy. This perhaps will be the next area of intensive investigation in this field of nutrition and metabolism.
Transition state wave packet study of hydrogen diffusion on Cu(100) surface

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The transition state wave packet (TSWP) approach to the thermal rate constant based on the flux-flux autocorrelation function is used to investigate the diffusion dynamics of an H atom on the Cu(100) surface in the uncorrelated hopping regime. The high efficiency of the approach makes it feasible to include up to eight Cu modes explicitly in the time dependent quantum simulation. This is necessary since on the rigid surface the flux-flux autocorrelation function never decays to a negligibly small value to give a converged rate constant. For short times, the Cu modes included dynamically merely have a zero-point-energy effect on the flux-flux autocorrelation function. For longer times, however, the Cu modes absorb the activation energy of the H atom and effectively suppress recrossing of the transition state surface, resulting in convergence of the autocorrelation function and the hopping rate. For this system, recrossing of the transition state surface is minimal with the medium damping present, and the converged hopping rate can be well approximated by the short time behavior of the correlation function on the rigid surface. In addition, we find that the contributions of the excited Cu modes to the hopping rate may be accurately modeled by thermal “transition state” factors. Based on this, a new quantum transition state theory (QTST) is derived. The new theory provides a general way to calculate the approximate quantum correction to the traditional TST. It also provides a systematic and flexible tool to calculate the rate constant at any desired level of accuracy between the traditional TST level and the exact result. Finally, since the surface relaxation due to the presence of the H atom lowers both the energies of H atom in the binding well and on the saddle point almost equally, it only minimally affects the hopping rate, provided the configuration of the surface atoms is fully relaxed initially.
Hierarchical Mixed-Effects Model for HIV Dynamics

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A hierarchical mixed-effects model is proposed to account for both individual- and population-level variability in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dynamics. This model is implemented by formulating the crucial parameters as random variables in an in-host HIV model. Model reduction is used to guide the choice for a minimal set of parameters, whose distributions are estimated by the global two-stage method. We analyze the system of ordinary differential equations with random coefficients and provide numerical simulations illustrating its asymptotic behaviors.
The dawn of a new era in chemicals marketing

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTThe dawn of a new era in chemicals marketingCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1982, 60, 11, 12-BPublication Date (Print):March 15, 1982Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 15 March 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v060n011.p012-BCopyright © 1982 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (425 KB) Get e-Alerts
Molecular crowding causes narrowing of population heterogeneity and restricts internal dynamics in a protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Macromolecular crowding is a distinguishing property of intracellular media. Knowledge on the structure and dynamics of a protein in a crowded environment is essential for a complete understanding of its function. Reduction in intermolecular space could cause structural and functional alterations. Here, we have studied a model protein barstar to see how polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced crowding affects its various structural states (native, unfolded and molten-globule-like) with different extents of change in conformational heterogeneity. Intramolecular distances and distance distributions were determined by time-resolved Forster resonance energy transfer from Trp53 to several acceptor sites by analysis of fluorescence decay kinetics using the Maximum Entropy Method. We observed PEG-induced narrowing of population distributions along with shifting of populations towards more compact states. Structural compactness also resulted in the slowing down of internal dynamics of the protein as revealed by fluorescence anisotropy decay kinetics of the fluorophore IAEDANS attached at several sites.
Surgical treatment of thoracic aorta diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Here we have analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 85 patients with thoracic aorta pathology in the period between 2000 and 2010. The average age of the patients was 47±5,2 years, the majority were mail (56 persons, 66%). 84 patients underwent operations. The patients with dissecting aortic aneurysm, regardless of its localization, were operated urgently after a necessary minimal examination. 13 patients died (15.3%), one of them before the surgery, because of a bleeding that started as a result of infection and rupture of xenopericardial valved conduit that had been introduced earlier. Postoperative lethality amounted to 14.1 % (12 patients): 7 persons died of acute myocardial weakness, 2 of bleeding, 2 of polyorganic insufficiency syndrome, and 1 of respiratory insufficiency. Success rates depended on the technical equipment and the concentration of patients with aortic pathology in the most experienced centers.
Bioorthogonal\nPhotocatalytic Decaging-Enabled Mitochondrial\nProteomics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Spatiotemporally\nresolved dissection of subcellular proteome is\ncrucial to our understanding of cellular functions in health and disease.\nWe herein report a bioorthogonal and photocatalytic decaging-enabled\nproximity labeling strategy (CAT-Prox) for spatiotemporally resolved\nmitochondrial proteome profiling in living cells. Our systematic survey\nof the photocatalysts has led to the identification of Ir­(ppy)<sub>2</sub>bpy as a bioorthogonal and mitochondria-targeting catalyst\nthat allowed photocontrolled, rapid rescue of azidobenzyl-caged quinone\nmethide as a highly reactive Michael acceptor for proximity-based\nprotein labeling in mitochondria of live cells. Upon careful validation\nthrough <i>in vitro</i> labeling, mitochondria-targeting\nspecificity, <i>in situ</i> catalytic activity as well as\nprotein tagging, we applied CAT-Prox for mitochondria proteome profiling\nin living Hela cells as well as hard-to-transfect macrophage RAW264.7\ncells with approximately 70% mitochondria specificity observed from\nup to 300 proteins enriched. Finally, CAT-Prox was further applied\nto the dynamic dissection of mitochondria proteome of macrophage cells\nupon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. By integrating photocatalytic\ndecaging chemistry with proximity-based protein labeling, CAT-Prox\noffers a general, catalytic, and nongenetic alternative to the enzyme-based\nproximity labeling strategies for diverse live cell settings.
[DNA diagnosis of mixed invasions of Opisthorchis felineus and Metorchis bilis by polymerase chain reaction].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Opisthorchiasis is one of the significant naturofocal diseases in Russia. The diagnosis of opisthorchiasis may mask some diseases, such as opisthorchiasis, metorchiasis, and clonorchiasis - biohelminthoses that are induced by various representatives of the family Opisthorchiidae-Opisthorchis felineus/O.viverrini, Metorchis bilis, and Clonorchis sinensis, respectively. Coproovoscopy and serologic methods fail to accurately define the species-specific affiliation; in this connection the identification of opisthorchids, by using DNA diagnostic techniques, becomes urgent. The present paper gives the results of development of DNA diagnosticum, which differentiates parasitic diseases induced by O. felineus and M. bills. The ribosomal RNA gene cluster fragment incorporating internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) was used as a diagnostic marker. A system for diagnosing opisthorchiasis was developed as a multiplex polymerase chain analysis and tested on 37 patients infected with various species of opisthorchids.
Effect of Capital Asset Pricing Model on Stock Prices

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is one of the balance models that can be used to determine the magnitude of the relationship between risk and return obtained by investors so that it will help investors to avoid investment errors. This study aims to determine (1) capital asset pricing model, and company stock prices in the Nikkei 225 Index technology sector; (2) capital asset pricing model on the company's stock prices in the Nikkei 225 index technology sector. The technique of data collection is done through secondary data, namely data obtained from the study of documentation and literature. The method used is descriptive method with census approach method. The population and sample of this study were the technology sector companies of the Nikkei 225 Index in 2016-2018. There were 57 companies in 2016-2018. The data analysis technique used is panel data regression analysis with a ratio measurement scale. Based on the results of the research and the results of data processing, it is shown that (1) Capital Asset Pricing Model in the technology sector company Nikkei 225 Index shows fluctuating results each year and effective in determining efficient and inefficient stocks for investors to use in making investment decisions. The company's stock price in the technology sector. The Nikkei 225 index shows an increase in average stock prices each year; (2) Capital Asset Pricing Model has a significant positive effect on Stock Prices.
Studies of High Solidity Ratio Hydrofoil Impellers for Aerated Bioreactors. 2. Air—Water Studies

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This second part of a four‐part series of papers reports on the hydrodynamic and power characteristics of two commercial, high solidity ratio, hydrofoil impellers, the Prochem Maxflo T and the Lightnin A315, in an air—water system. Studies were conducted primarily in a mixing vessel of diameter 0.56 m. The influence of operating conditions (impeller speed and gas flow rate) and sparger position and geometry on bulk flow patterns, gas filled cavity formation, and power consumption have been investigated in detail. In the turbulent Reynolds number region, the unaerated impeller power numbers are constant with average values of 1.30 for the Prochem and 0. 76–0.84 for the A315, depending on impeller position relative to the base of the vessel. Gassed power consumption is closely linked to cavity type and flow pattern. In particular, the development of large cavities causes a significant reduction in power drawn, impeller pumping capacity, and gas dispersion capability. As with downward pumping mixed flow impellers, two characteristic gas loading regimes, direct and indirect loading, can be identified. Under certain conditions, severe hydrodynamic instabilities over the transition between the two regimes give rise to very large torque and power fluctuations. Changes in reactor geometry can have a significant effect on impeller performance. Thus, sparger type and position have a strong influence on relative power drawn, gas handling capability, power required to disperse gas and stability of operation. Of the configurations studied, the use of a large ring sparger ( D S / D = 0.8 D ) at a large sparger—impeller separation is suggested, since relative power drawn, gas handling capability, and energy efficiency in dispersing gas are all enhanced.
“Pacing Bigeminal”

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A rapid pacing-induced heart failure model is commonly used in developing dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Traditionally, the right ventricular lead was connected with a single chamber pacemaker specific for animals that had a high frequency. However, the pacemaker used in this model is commercially unavailable. We developed a "pacing bigeminal" method using a commercially available dual-chamber (DDD) pacemaker to achieve high-frequency pacing. Twenty beagles were assigned to group A (n = 10) (pacing bigeminal method) and group B (n = 10) (traditional method). Echocardiographic measurements and electrocardiograms were obtained at baseline, at two weeks of pacing, and at 4 weeks of end pacing. LV anterior wall cardiac samples were obtained at 2 weeks of pacing and 4 weeks of end pacing for myocardial microscopic evaluation. Clinical manifestation and exposure time were also observed. After pacing for 10.5 ± 2.3 (714) days, the beagles in group B experienced heart failure, whereas in group A, only 7.9 ± 2.5 (5-12) days (P < 0.05) were needed to reach heart failure. Both methods could induce wide QRS duration, heart rate elevation, and myocardial microscopic changes (P > 0.05). In conclusion, this pacing bigeminal-induced heart failure method is feasible and can induce heart failure faster than the traditional method, which makes it a promising alternative method.
Chromostatin receptors control calcium channel activity in adrenal chromaffin cells.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

One of the functions of chromogranin A (CGA), the major soluble component of secretory granules in both adrenal medullary chromaffin cells and many other endocrine cell types appears to be that of a prohormone. CGA is the precursor of several peptides including pancreastatin, a 49-residue peptide, and a 20-residue peptide, chromostatin, which have been identified as biologically active peptides. Chromostatin produces a dose-dependent inhibition (ID50 of 5 nM) of the secretagogue-evoked catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells. Here we report that chromostatin potently inhibits L-type calcium currents recorded with the nystatin-perforated patch technique in cultured chromaffin cells. This inhibitory effect of chromostatin on calcium currents was not observed in experiments using the classical patch-clamp whole-cell approach which induces the leakage of cytoplasmic components. Using 125I-chromostatin, we show that chromostatin exhibits a fully reversible and saturable binding to the plasma membrane of cultured chromaffin cells. Analysis of binding experiments at equilibrium indicates the existence of one class of binding sites with a Bmax of 2.7 pmol/mg of chromaffin cell proteins and an apparent Kd of 6.5 nM. This high affinity is in good correlation with the half-maximal concentration (ID50 5 nM) of chromostatin inhibiting catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells. Specificity of the chromostatin binding was further assessed by displacement experiments with unlabeled CGA-related or -unrelated peptides. We found an excellent quantitative correlation between the affinities of the various peptides determined by binding assays and their functional potency tested on catecholamine secretion: bovine chromostatin greater than human chromostatin greater than CGA much greater than rat chromostatin, pancreastatin, CAP-14, substance P, and Leu-enkephalin. Cross-linking experiments reveal that chromostatin associates specifically with an 80-kDa plasma membrane protein. These results together with the patch-clamp experiments support the idea that chromaffin cells possess specific chromostatin receptors and that activation of such receptors leads to the inhibition of L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels through an intracellular second messenger pathway.
Retrospective comparison of costs between medical and surgical treatment of canine pyothorax.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study compared costs of treating dogs with pyothorax medically versus surgically. Medical records from the University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine were searched for cases of pyothorax that underwent either medical or surgical treatment. Patients undergoing surgery were subdivided into early (ES; < 48 h) and late (LS; > 48 h) surgery groups. Costs and length of stay were compared between treatment groups. Treatment costs were adjusted for inflation. Nineteen dogs were included in analysis; 7 in the medical group (MG), 5 in the ES group, and 7 in the LS group. Total costs were significantly lower in the MG than in the LS group. Total costs were less for the MG than the ES group, and for ES than LS, but the differences did not achieve significance. Preoperative costs were higher in the LS than the ES group. We conclude that surgery for canine pyothorax is less costly if pursued earlier than later.
Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis with permanent sequelae

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The youngest patient with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis to be reported from Australia, an 11-month-old girl, is presented here. The diagnosis of angiostrongyliasis was based on the exclusion of other possibilities, the strongly-positive results of serological examinination and the findings of an environmental survey. Clinical signs of serious brain damage, with persistent blindness, profound mental retardation, spasticity and epilepsy more than three years later, indicate that this infection is not always as benign as is considered generally.
[Hemophilic osteoarthropathy with special reference to the elbow joint].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hemophilia is a rare disorder, whereby recurrent bleedings into the joint can result in osteoarthropathy. Radiological changes consist of osteoporosis, enlargement of the epiphyses, irregularity of the subchondral bone surface, narrowing of the joint space, cysts, erosions, joint incongruence and joint deformity. The earlier and the more frequent bleedings have occurred that have not been treated adequately, the more of the changes mentioned above are present. In children, osteoarthropathy of the elbow is present in only about 50% of cases, and in the remaining cases the degree is mostly minimal or moderate. Differential diagnosis consists of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in children, and rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis in adults.