jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Feedforward Enhanced Computed Torque Control with Local Current Control Loop on Virtual Quanser SRV02 Rotary Servo Base Unit with a Pendulum Load

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes an enhanced Feedforward Computed Torque Control (FCTC) with local current control loop for a virtual Quanser SRV02 rotary servo base unit with a pendulum load. The SRV02 is equipped with a coreless DC motor, which is known for its low inductance, making it challenging to achieve high sample rates for the current control loop. To address this issue, a choke is introduced in series with the coreless DC motor to increase its inductance, which helps decrease the rate of change of the current and, consequently, allows for a lower sample rate for the current control loop. The efficacy of the proposed approach is evaluated through simulation experiments in MATLAB/Simulink. The results indicate that the enhanced FCTC with local current control loop and choke significantly improves the tracking performance and reduces the torque ripple compared to the traditional FCTC approach. The proposed control approach can be applied to other rotary servo systems for precise control of motion trajectories with reduced torque ripple. The paper first introduces the Quanser SRV02 rotary servo base unit and its dynamic model. Next, it presents the CTC and its feedforward version, followed by the local current control approach. The paper also details the effects of the choke circuit on the sample rate of the current control loop. Finally, the paper presents the simulation results and discusses the benefits of the proposed control approach.
Tracking the ancestral functions of erythropoietin: neuroprotection & mitochondria

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

It has long been thought that erythropoietin (Epo) is exclusively involved in erythropoiesis, allowing erythroid progenitor cells to survive and mature through their antiapoptotic action. We now know that Epo in mammals has also other functions in the brain, playing key roles in the development, maintenance, protection, and repair of the nervous system. However, the recombinant human Epo (rhEpo) has neuroprotective effects in orthoptera insects (such as grasshoppers), and this effect appears to be mediated by the cytokine receptor‐like factor 3 (CRLF3), raising interesting questions about the evolutionary origin of the Epo signaling pathway and its role in invertebrate species. Taking into account that: 1) Epo in mammals modulates the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in several tissues, including the brain; and 2) that insects appeared during a geological period (Cambrian explosion) in which the atmospheric O 2 was increasing and required the implementation of antioxidant systems at the cellular level; here we tested the hypothesis that activation of the “Epo‐like” system in the brain domestic crickets ( Acheta domesticus ) exposed to 6 % of hypoxia during 5 days , modulates mitochondrial functions for preventing against oxidative damages. To do so, we used our oxygraph‐2K system (OROBOROS) that measures the mitochondrial bioenergetics in saponin‐permeabilized tissue of 2 mg weight. Our preliminary results showed that rhEpo increased the survival of domestic crickets exposed to hypoxia by 20%. We showed also that, in normoxic animals, rhEpo increased the mitochondrial O2 consumption rate (OCR), but in hypoxic animals, rhEPO limited the increase of mitochondrial OCR. In parallel, rhEpo significantly decreased the production of ROS in hypoxia. These preliminary results suggest that rhEpo significantly improves cricket’s survival under hypoxia, by promoting a robust antioxidant effect through mitochondria. Our data also suggest that a neuroprotective “Epo‐like” endogenous molecule evolved during the “Cambrian explosion” from a urbilaterian (common to vertebrates and invertebrates) ancestor. Support or Funding Information Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
EXPERIENCE AFFECTS HUNTING BEHAVIOR OF THE WASP, PEPSIS MILDEI STÅL (HYMENOPTERA: POMPILIDAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine whether previous encounters with host spiders would affect hunting behavior in females of the spider wasp, Pepsis mildei. Each wasp was subjected to 3 encounters with a different spider (Aphonopelma steindachneri) in an experimental chamber. The mean time required for wasps to orient their bodies and approach the host decreased significantly by the second encounter (546.1 sec ± 15.2 SD) as compared to that required by naive wasps on their first encounter (972.4 sec ± 19.3). In a similar fashion, mean time required to paralyze the host decreased from 198.5 sec ± 13.3 SD on the first encounter to 156.7 sec ± 10.2 by the second encounter. The mean number of movements of the antennae by these wasps for various time intervals during the hunting sequence (interval between the initial orientation of wasp toward the spider, and first contact; and between last bout of antennation of host and insertion of stinger) also decreased significantly between the first and second encounters, suggesting that the time required to assess the suitability of a host decreased as a function of experience as well. These results indicate that the hunting behavior of pepsine wasps is characterized by a certain degree of plasticity that may contribute to the survivorship of these wasps. This plasticity may be due learning processes or timing-events associated with sensitization.
INTERACTIVE ANALYSIS AND DISPLAY OF TABULAR DATA - eScholarship

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Presented at the SIGGRAPH~ACM Fourth Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Int~ractive Techniques, San Jose, CA, July 20 - 22, 1977 LBL-SS98{~ tA(!.-3.2 . I INTERACTIVE ANALYSIS AND DISPLAY OF ·TABULAR DATA William H. Benson and Bernard Kitous July 1977 Prepared for the U. S. Energy Research and Development Administration under Contract W-740S-ENG-48 for Reference this room Not to be taken f rom iF~ECEIVED iL/'\.W~{lf:r,!CE VI VI I BER!G~~F(( ~
Multiple Metrics of Temperature, Light, and Water Motion Drive Gradients in Eelgrass Productivity and Resilience

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Characterizing the response of ecosystems to global climate change requires that multiple aspects of environmental change be considered simultaneously, however, it can be difficult to describe the relative importance of environmental metrics given their collinearity. Here, we present a novel framework for disentangling the complex ecological effects of environmental variability by documenting the emergent properties of eelgrass ( Zostera marina ) ecosystems across ∼225 km of the Atlantic Coast of Nova Scotia, Canada, representing gradients in temperature, light, sediment properties, and water motion, and evaluate the relative importance of different metrics characterizing these environmental conditions (e.g., means, extremes, variability on different time scales) for eelgrass bioindicators using lasso regression and commonality analysis. We found that eelgrass beds in areas that were warmer, shallower, and had low water motion had lower productivity and resilience relative to beds in deeper, cooler areas that were well flushed, and that higher temperatures lowered eelgrass tolerance to low-light conditions. There was significant variation in the importance of various metrics of temperature, light, and water motion across biological responses, demonstrating that different aspects of environmental change uniquely impact the cellular, physiological, and ecological processes underlying eelgrass productivity and resilience, and contribute synergistically to the observed ecosystem response. In particular, we identified the magnitude of temperature variability over daily and tidal cycles as an important determinant of eelgrass productivity. These results indicate that ecosystem responses are not fully resolved by analyses that only consider changes in mean conditions, and that the removal of collinear variables prior to analyses relating environmental metrics to biological change reduces the potential to detect important environmental effects. The framework we present can help to identify the conditions that promote high ecosystem function and resilience, which is necessary to inform nearshore conservation and management practices under global climate change.
On the Statistical and Information-theoretic Characteristics of Deep Network Representations.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It has been common to argue or imply that a regularizer can be used to alter a statistical property of a hidden layer's representation and thus improve generalization or performance of deep networks. For instance, dropout has been known to improve performance by reducing co-adaptation, and representational sparsity has been argued as a good characteristic because many data-generation processes have a small number of factors that are independent. In this work, we analytically and empirically investigate the popular characteristics of learned representations, including correlation, sparsity, dead unit, rank, and mutual information, and disprove many of the \textit{conventional wisdom}. We first show that infinitely many Identical Output Networks (IONs) can be constructed for any deep network with a linear layer, where any invertible affine transformation can be applied to alter the layer's representation characteristics. The existence of ION proves that the correlation characteristics of representation is irrelevant to the performance. Extensions to ReLU layers are provided, too. Then, we consider sparsity, dead unit, and rank to show that only loose relationships exist among the three characteristics. It is shown that a higher sparsity or additional dead units do not imply a better or worse performance when the rank of representation is fixed. We also develop a rank regularizer and show that neither representation sparsity nor lower rank is helpful for improving performance even when the data-generation process has a small number of independent factors. Mutual information $I(\mathbf{z}_l;\mathbf{x})$ and $I(\mathbf{z}_l;\mathbf{y})$ are investigated, and we show that regularizers can affect $I(\mathbf{z}_l;\mathbf{x})$ and thus indirectly influence the performance. Finally, we explain how a rich set of regularizers can be used as a powerful tool for performance tuning.
Energy-Efficient Preventive Mechanism for Fault Tolerance in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multimedia applications convey large mass of data that requires high transmission rate and intensive treatment, therefore high energy consumption. Transmitting this large media stream while ensuring its reliability and varying QoS requirements with limited available resources are difficult tasks to achieve. In this paper, we present an Energy-efficient routing protocol baptized EGMFT, that improves our previous work on Geographic Multipath Fault Tolerant (GMFT) routing protocol, reinforced by preventive fault-tolerant mechanism, when sensor's energy reaches critical threshold, to effectively manage this precious resource, in order to achieve more balanced energy consumption and load distribution in the network that extends its lifetime. More importantly, to prevents any link breakdown related to battery depletion during real-time data transmission, which affects network connectivity and transmitted stream reliability. Simulations results show significant contribution and indicate that EGMFT is highly advised to guarantee discrete data and continuous media stream reliability even in faulty network.
3M Touchscreen Monitor Driver CD

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An ISO image of the driver CD that came with 3M touchscreen monitors. Touch Solutions CD, Version 2.8, April 2003 Copyright 1991-2003 3M All rights reserved. __________________________________________________________________ PRODUCT SUMMARY This CD contains 3M Touch Systems: * Software * Touch screen drivers * Utilities * Technical documentation The touch screen software enables users to select, launch, and drag objects using 3M Touch Systems touch screens. CONTENTS Current software: * TouchWare for Windows XP, 2000, NT 4.0, 9x, and Me including a Japanese version * Near Field Imaging Software for Windows XP and 2000 * Near Field Imaging Software for other versions of Windows * SC3/SC4 Software for Windows Utilities: * Bar code linearization process instructions and utility * Microcal 7.3 Documentation: * Touch Screens * Monitors * Controllers * Software * Adobe Acrobat Reader Archived Software: * TouchWare for Windows NT 3.51 * TouchWare for Windows 3.1x and DOS * TouchWare for OS/2 * TouchWare for Macintosh * TouchWare for Macintosh (USB) * SC3 Software for DOS, DOS Windows, Windows 9X, Windows NT, Utilities * SC4 Software for DOS, Windows 9X, Windows NT Some documents are available in languages other than English. Where available, you may click on the flag under the title of the document to view the document in that country's language. You may use F1 to get help at any time during the CD's presentation. KNOWN ANOMALIES When you launch the "Near Field Imaging (NFI) for other versions of Windows" software, two buttons appear to "view" related documentation. These buttons do not work -- please go to the documentation section of this CD to download the appropriate guides.
SHOULD TURKEY APOLOGİZE FOR ARMENIAN PRETENSIONS OR WAIT TO BE APOLOGIZED? THE EMIGRATION CASE UNDER THE LIGHTS OF THE HISTORICAL FACTS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The discussions about the Turkey-Armenia relations have been far away from belonging to the two countries, but it has been a topic argued in many countries and on international platforms due to various reasons. For sure, the basis of the arguments is comprised by the events which occurred during the World War I. While Turkey is suggesting the issue to be dealt by the historians with its all aspects and the archives belonging to the period in both countries to be investigated; some countries are appalling the historians and taking decisions to apply obligations to the scholars expressing different ideas. Most of the Turkish Republican archives belonging to the period have been investigated by the historians and many academic papers have been published. Turkey is expecting the same attitude from the other countries. In this article, we are going to try to enlighten the question asking what really happened in that time, to present a section from the experiences, and to give the details of the Emigration Issue utilizing the Ottoman archival documents.
Report of two unrelated cases of Familial Thrombotic Thrombocytopeic Purpura

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) is a rare microangiopathic disorder characterised by the pentad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, neurologic abnormalities, fever, and renal disease. Decreased production and/or activity of ADAMTS13 is the cause of this disorder. ADAMTS13 is a metalloproteinase which is responsible of the cleavage of high weight multimers of von Wilebrand factor. Its acquired form is usually seen in adults and is due to antibody formation against the enzyme. But even rarer familial and relapsing forms (Upshow-Scholman syndrome) are due to enzyme underproduction and can be seen in pediatric age group. Here, the authors reported two unrelated cases of familial TTP from Guilan province in the north of Iran.
Adhesion of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals to anionic sites on the surface of renal epithelial cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adhesion of microcrystals to the apical surface of renal tubular cells could be a critical step in the formation of kidney stones. The role of membrane surface charge as a determinant of the interaction between renal epithelial cells (BSC-1 line) and the most common crystal in kidney stones, calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), was studied in a tissue culture model system. Adhesion of COM crystals to cells was blocked by cationized ferritin. Other cations that bind to cells including cetylpyridinium chloride and polylysine, as well as cationic dyes such as Alcian blue, also inhibited adhesion of COM crystals, but not all polycations shared this effect. Specific lectins including Triticum vulgaris (wheat germ agglutinin) blocked crystal binding to the cells. Furthermore, treatment of cells with neuraminidase inhibited binding of crystals. Therefore, anionic cell surface sialic acid residues appear to function as COM crystal receptors that can be blocked by specific cations or lectins. In vivo, alterations in the structure, function, quantity, or availability of these anionic cell surface molecules could lead to crystal retention and formation of renal calculi.
Teaching ethics to engineers – a research-based perspective

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes research underpinning a course, developed in Australia, on ethics for engineers. The methodology used, that of identifying the principal ethical issues facing the discipline and designing the course around these issues, would be applicable to other disciplines and in other countries. The course was based on the assumption that identifying the major ethical issues in the discipline, and subsequently presenting and analysing them in the classroom, would provide the future professional with knowledge of the ethical problems that they were likely to face on graduation. The student has then to be given the skills and knowledge to combat these concerns, should he/she wish to. These findings feed into several components of the course, such as the development of a code of ethics, the role of a professional society or industry association and the role of ethical theory The sources employed to identify the issues were surveys of the literature and about 30 case studies, in Australia and overseas. The issues thus identified were then put before a sample of engineering managers to assess the relevance to the profession.
Childhood outcome of antenatally diagnosed cleft lip and palate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to analyse the childhood outcome of antenatally diagnosed cleft lip palate. This was an observational study from 2002 to 2008. During the study period there were 82 cases identified antenatally with a resultant 57 live births. Follow-up data on 44 cases (44/57, 77%) were obtained with a follow-up age ranging from 24 to 50 months. The majority of cases (22 cases, 50%) had a single operation, followed by 20 cases (45.5%) who had two operations and only two cases (4.5%) had three operations. Of the 44 cases, 26 (59.1%) required speech therapy, 14 (31.8%) needed further dental treatment/surgery and 4 (9.1%) needed additional otorhinological treatment. Only 4 cases (9.1%) required ophthalmology follow-up. Only two (4.5%) children had significant feeding problems. All parents reported are happy with the cosmetic outcome following surgery.

Conclusion

Although a slight majority of cases in this series required a single operative procedure a significant number also required two surgical procedures. The most common post-surgical complication was speech difficulties.
[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2: familial variant of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In addition to a brief characteristic of the syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and medullary thyroid carcinoma with a familial incidence which is a prerequisite of the syndrome, the authors submit an account on a group of 53 patients who were on the authors' records during the past 12 years. During this period the disease is systematically searched for in the families of newly diagnosed patients by examining the immunoreactive calcitonin level of relatives. Familial variants account for 28% of all medullary thyroid carcinomas. Patients who are on the records so far belong to 24 families. Approximately twice as often an isolated variant of the familial type of medullary carcinoma is involved, as compared with association with another endocrine affection, in particular pheochromocytoma (Sipple's syndrome), but associated forms will increase in number perspectively (multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A). The syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B is very malignant but in view of the typical phenotype the disease should be diagnosed already before the change to malignancy--once the disease develops into the clinical stage the course is very adverse. From the original number of all familial tumours 38 subjects survive (72%), incl 22 who were subjected to bilateral total thyroidectomy based on screening in the preclinical stage. The prognosis of these individuals is very favourable, the calcitonin levels are throughout the follow-up period (2-10 years) repeatedly negative. With regard to the possible association with another endocrinopathy (pheochromocytoma or hyperparathyroidism) all must be followed up systematically (screening) with regard to the manifestation of an associated endocrinopathy frequently only after a longer time interval.
MON-349 Left Hip Pseudofracture in a Patient with Refractory Paget Disease of the Bone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Paget’s disease of the Bone (PDB) is a benign condition caused by focal abnormal bone remodeling. It is largely asymptomatic and is often discovered incidentally while investigating an elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or imaging studies. Diagnosis relies on biochemical screening, ALP, as a first line test. X-rays and radionuclide scans can assist in determining the extent of disease. Bisphosphonates are recommended for the treatment of bone pain associated with PDB. Zoledronic acid is recommended as the bisphosphonate most likely to give a favorable pain response. Treatment aimed at improving symptoms is recommended over a treat-to-target strategy aimed at normalizing total ALP in PDB. Clinical case A 51-year-old, non-verbal female presented to the Endocrinology office with her legal guardian for a follow-up regarding Paget’s disease of the bone. The patient had a past medical history of mental disability and refractory Paget’s disease that was diagnosed 13 years prior in the setting of elevated alkaline phosphatase. At the time of diagnosis bone scan showed involvement of both tibias, pelvis and right femur stress fracture. She also had a right femoral fracture 7 years before the current presentation that was surgically fixed with an intramedullary rod. The patient had undergone 5 yearly infusions of Zoledronic acid with persistent elevated alkaline phosphatase. During her clinic visit the patient endorsed left non-traumatic hip pain as well as difficulty walking over the last 2 weeks. Vital signs were within normal limits. On physical exam she appeared well developed, no acute distress was noted, normal heart rate, regular rhythm and normal heart sounds. Pulmonary effort was normal, no respiratory distress or abnormal sounds were appreciated. Musculoskeletal exhibited bilateral lower extremity bowing. No skin warmth, bony growths or tenderness on palpation were noted. Lab work revealed ALP 277 u/l, bone specific alkaline phosphatase 95.9 (8.1 - 31.6), BUN 12 mg/dl, Creatinine 0.66 mg/dl, GFR 90, Calcium 9.0 mg/dl, Vitamin D 23.3 ng/mL. She had been treating the hip pain with as needed NSAIDs. An X-ray of the left femur was ordered, and the study showed possible acute subcapital minimally displaced femoral neck fracture with minimal impaction in the setting of known Paget’s disease. The patient was then contacted and asked to present to the ER emergently for further evaluation and treatment. Upon arrival to the Emergency Department, an MRI of the left hip was performed, demonstrating extensive Paget’s disease with no evidence of acute hip fracture. Conclusions It is essential to obtain an urgent x-ray in patients with Paget’s disease who presents with localized pain. However as this case demonstrates x-ray findings can be misleading due to underlying structural deformity of the bone and further imaging like CT or MRI may be necessary.