jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing learning progression of energy concepts across middle school grades: The knowledge integration perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract We use a construct‐based assessment approach to measure learning progression of energy concepts across physical, life, and earth science contexts in middle school grades. We model the knowledge integration construct in six levels in terms of the numbers of ideas and links used in student‐generated explanations. For this study, we selected 10 items addressing energy source, transformation, and conservation from published standardized tests and administered them to a status quo sample of 2688 middle school students taught by 29 teachers in 12 schools across 5 states. Results based on a Rasch partial credit model analysis indicate that conservation items are associated with the highest knowledge integration levels, followed by transformation and source items. Comparisons across three middle school grades and across physical, life, and earth science contexts reveal that the mean knowledge integration level of eighth‐grade students is significantly higher than that of sixth‐ or seventh‐grade students, and that the mean knowledge integration level of students who took a physical science course is significantly higher than that of students who took a life or earth science course. We discuss implications for research on learning progressions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 94 :665–688, 2010
Increased Oil Production and Reserves from Improved Completion Techniques in the Bluebell Field, Uinta Basin, Utah, Class I

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this project was to increase oil production and reserves by the use of improved reservoir characterization and completion techniques in the Unita Basin Utah. To accomplish this objective, a two-year geologic and engineering characterization of the Bluebell field was conducted. The study evaluated surface and subsurface data, currently used completion techniques, and common production problems. It was determined that advanced case- and open-hole logs could be effective in determining productive beds and that staged-interval (about 500 ft [150 m] per stage) and bed-scale isolation completion techniques could result in improved well performance.
Pengaruh Protabilitas dan Likuiditas terhadap Harga Saham pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Dimediasi oleh Persistensi Laba Sebagai Variabel Intervening

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Financial performance determines the company's current share price. The better the company's financial performance, the better the company's share price and vice versa. This research discusses the influence of profitability and liquidity on stock prices which is mediated by profit persistence as an intervening variable. Profitability and liquidity are part of financial performance. The research method used is a quantitative approach. The data used are the financial reports of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2016-2020, totaling 134 companies. Data collection is carried out via the link www.idx.co.id. The data analysis used is Eviews 10 to test direct variable relationships and the Sobel Test to test indirect variable relationships. The results of research show a probability value of >0.05, which means that profitability and liquidity have an effect on share prices, as well as profitability and liquidity have an effect on profit persistence. Meanwhile, the Sobel test shows that the Sobel test value obtained a Return On Assets (ROA) value of -0.160, Return On Equity (ROE) of -0.03260, Earning Per Share (EPS) of -0.2879 and Current Ratio (CR) of 0.0807, this value < 0.05, so even though it is mediated by earnings persistence, both have no effect on stock prices. Meanwhile, the Net Profit Margin is 0.2994, the gross profit margin is 0.3241, this value is > 0.05, meaning it has an effect on share prices mediated by profit persistence.
Preliminary Re-Os Dating on Molybdenite Mineralization from the Bingham Canyon Porphyry Copper Deposit, Utah

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Four molybdenite samples from veins in the Bingham Canyon porphyry copper deposit yield a weighted average Re-Os age of 37.0 ± 0.27 Ma. The molybdenite ages all overlap at the 2σ level. Previous investigations have suggested that mineralization at Bingham Canyon is coincident with and genetically related to the emplacement of the Bingham stock within the Bingham intrusive complex. However, the molybdenite ages are younger than all reported ages for magmatism in the Bingham porphyry deposit (~39.8 to 37.6 Ma). This suggests either that all the reported ages of the Bingham intrusions are disturbed and the actual ages of the intrusive rocks are younger or that molybdenite mineralization is not directly related to emplacement and cooling of any dated intrusion exposed at Bingham. The latter scenario would suggest the Bingham stock is just the focal point for the superposition of exsolved fluids from deeper in the system.
Characterization of a type VI collagen-related Mr-140 000 protein from cutis-laxa fibroblasts in culture

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The precise biochemical defects in connective-tissue metabolism that are responsible for the laxity of skin seen in the syndrome of cutis laxa are largely unknown. We have studied fibroblasts cultured from skin explants of a 2-year-old male with the syndrome. Electron-microscopic examination of this skin revealed decreased amounts of amorphous elastin and an increase in elastin-associated microfibrils. Although the cultured fibroblasts were similar to control skin fibroblasts in morphology, growth rate and total protein synthesis, there was a 4-6-fold increase in accumulation of a collagenous protein of Mr 140 000 in both the culture medium and in the cell layer. This protein was structurally distinct from collagen types I, III, IV, V and VIII. It was found to be related to a cell-surface-associated glycoprotein, GP140, by both antigenic cross-reactivity and peptide mapping. Our data support observations that GP140 is a precursor of at least one form of pepsin-extracted type VI collagen.
Susceptibility of the European earwig <i>Forficula auricularia</i> to insecticide residues on apple leaves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The European earwig (Forficula auricularia) is potentially a predator of a number of insect pests in apple orchards However its effectiveness as a natural enemy in apple orchards may be compromised by insecticide sprays A laboratory bioassay of eight insecticides currently used in Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) apple orchards and one asyet unregistered product was undertaken to determine their effects on earwigs Adult earwigs were placed in ventilated containers where they were exposed to insecticide residues on apple leaves and monitored on four occasions over 10 days Indoxacarb thiacloprid spinosad and diazinon caused the greatest mortality to earwigs while carbaryl appeared to be less harmful Chlorantraniliprole spirotetramat emamectin benzoate and methoxyfenozide caused no increased mortality of earwigs compared with the control Identification and avoidance of harmful insecticides may help to enhance the potential of earwigs as natural enemies in apple orchards
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of xenon-129 with myoglobin and hemoglobin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of 129Xe are consistent with one kinetically distinguishable binding environment in methemoglobin and two in metmyoglobin. The Xe binding site in methemoglobin is assigned to a cavity formed by the A-B and G-H corners of the globin chain [Schoenborn, B.P. (1965) Nature (London) 208, 760-762]. The small differences between alpha-hemoglobin and beta-hemoglobin are not resolved by the NMR experiments. The Xe association rate constant at 18 degrees C with methemoglobin is greater than 6 X 10(7) M-1 s-1 with an activation barrier of approximately 13 kcal/mol. One of the binding sites in metmyoglobin associated with a cavity on the proximal side of the porphyrin ring, opposite the O2 binding site [Schoenborn, B.P., Watson, H.C., & Kendrew, J.C. (1965) Nature (London) 207, 28-30]. An estimate of the association rate constant of Xe at 18 degrees C is 1 X 10(7) M-1 s-1 with an activation barrier of approximately 16 kcal/mol. The second metmyoglobin binding site has similar NMR and kinetic properties of those for methemoglobin.
Forging Penetration Efficiency Study with Rigid-Plastic FEM for GFM Forging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The problem of how to determine the forging penetration efficiency (FPE) for GFM forging, which has not been solved as yet, is tackled with rigid-plastic FEM DEFORM software. The results are as follows: 1) It is confirmed that no full FPE exists in GFM forging process, with the maximum FPE being only 60% approximately; 2) The influence of friction coefficient on FPE is very small; 3) A regression equation between FPE and reduction rate △h/R is presented.
Radon exhalation rate and Radionuclides in soil, phosphate, and building materials

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In the present study, The natural radioactivity in soil, phosphate, and building materials (sand, granite, marble, and limestone) were determined by using gamma ray spectrometer NaI (Tl) and MCA 1024. AlphaGUARD was used for radon exhalation rate. The data analyses were performed to determine 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K activity concentrations as well as 222 Rn exhalation rate. The radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex), absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose were varied from 71.66 to 9048.94 Bqkg -1 , 0.19 to 24.45, 34.48 to 4172.34 nGyh -1 and 0.04 to 5.12 mSvy -1 respectively in all samples. The mass and area exhalation rates were increased from 1.31±0.09 Bqkg -1 h -1 and 23.09±0.33 Bqm -2 h -1 , at 30 0 C, to 7.98±0.56 Bqkg - 1 h -1 and 141.11±1.52 Bqm -2 h -1 , at 60 0 C, respectively, for phosphate samples (grain size<80m). decay progeny) and the primordial radionuclide 40 K. The samples, were air dried at room temperature in open air to ensure that any residual moisture was removed from the samples. The samples were put in an oven for 48 h at 105 0 C. The soil, granite, marble and limestone samples were initially broken into coarse parts using a manual hammer. These parts were mixed using electrical sieves (FRITSCH-Germany) to obtain a homogenized material of particle size 1mm. Each samples were placed in a plastic container (250 ml), which was sealed to avoid the escape of Rn-222 and Rn-220 from the samples and left for four weeks to achieve equilibrium between 226 Ra, 232 Th and their daughter products before radiometric analysis (9).
Cognitive meaning of words in the language of written monuments of the XI-XII centuries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the question of language, almost all studies of the history of language cannot go beyond the monuments of the Middle Ages. These ancient artifacts allow us to consider our language in historical, cultural and cognitive terms as a whole, to prove the commonality of the Turkic languages. Even many phenomena in the vocabulary and grammatical structure of words can be identified from the language data of written literary monuments. It is noted that the exhibits of the XI-XI centuries reflect the historical events that have left an indelible mark on the spiritual space of the Turkic peoples (Kazakh), the life, culture, worldview of their people, reveal the huge potential of Turkic languages and show the course of historical development of the language. It is proved that the writings of the XI-XII centuries are not only the product of creativity that tells about the inner world of the poet, but also a source of invaluable wealth and information about the culture and existence of the people who lived in that period, who were the mainstays of the ethnic composition of the modern Turkic peoples. The article is devoted to one of the important and relevant directions in modern science – cognitive linguistics. The author reveals the nature and origins of the concepts, based on the monument of writing of the Middle Ages "Respect of truth" Akhmed Iugneki. The article notes that the language of A.Iugneki's work is distinguished by its artistry, and at the same time it reliably reflects the historical situation of that era, the life of the people, describes the events that influenced the national consciousness, the national essence of the Turkic-speaking peoples. Research and analysis of the conceptual basis and linguistic features of this historical text is necessary in order to understand the social existence of modern Turkic peoples, including the peculiarities of cognition of the Kazakh people.
Rewriting game theory applied to protein signalling in MAPK cascades

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We propose the recent notion of rewriting game theory as a tool for studying biochemical systems. Rewriting game theory is based on a discrete and dynamic notion of Nash-style equilibria for games without structural constraints and with arbitrary payoff values. Our aim here is to show how the formalism can be used to characterise biological information as logical properties of a purely chemical model. Specifically, we address MAPK cascades through a compendium of the involved chemical reactions, with particular focus on the known signalling pathways. We also present preliminary computerised support for our methodology.
Mergers, Debt Capacity, And Stockholder-Bondholder Wealth Transfers

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study presents a framework for determining whether post merger actual debt of a merged firm is higher than its potential debt capacity. Our results show that on the average, actual debt of the merged firm is significantly higher than its potential debt capacity, and that the proportion of firms with actual debt higher than potential debt capacity is higher than expected. This evidence is consistent with the argument that the co-insurance wealth transfer from shareholders to bondholders is negated by increased leverage post merger. The results on abnormal returns to bondholders for the two subgroups with actual debt higher/lower than the potential debt capacity support the neutralization of wealth transfers. Forty-nine industrial mergers during 1970-1984 and the associated debentures comprise the sample. We measure the potential debt capacity after the merger based on a theoretical model using pre-merger correlation of the cash flows of the merging firms and their debt ratios. Our results indicate that post merger actual debt ratios are significantly higher than the potential theoretical ratios providing support for the increased debt capacity as motive for merger. We also find evidence for leverage induced neutralization of wealth transfers to bondholders.
The Asian tramp snail Bradybaena similaris in a tropical greenhouse in Arnhem, The Netherlands

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The occurrence of the Asian tramp snail Bradybaena similaris (Ferussac, 1821) is reported from a tropical greenhouse in Burgers' Zoo near Arnhem, The Netherlands, where the species has been present at least since 2002. The snail was introduced unintentionally from an unknown source, probably with plant material. The morphology of the genitalia is compared with descriptions in the literature from Brazil and Nosi-Be island (Madagascar). This appears to be the first European record for the species.
Intrapartum posterior wall rupture in unscarred uterus during labour augmentation with oxytocin; a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intrapartum rupture of unscarred uterus during labour augmentation is an exceedingly rare occurrence with very few case reports of this entity in the literature. We intend to report such case to highlight the importance of constant vigilance during oxytocin infusion even in patients with unscarred uterus. The 27 years old lady who had a previous normal vaginal delivery, came in early labour at term gestation. Augmentation of labour was done with oxytocin. After 30 mins of starting oxytocin patient complained of severe pain abdomen and on CTG fetal heart dropped to 70 bpm. Despite all measures fetal heart rate did not pick up and patient was taken up for cesarean section. Intraoperatively, posterior uterine wall ruptured was found with baby and placenta lying in the abdominal cavity. Baby had a low Apgar score and died on third day. Uterine rupture repair was done and patient was discharged on 5th postoperative day. Although oxytocin has excellent safety record in unscarred uterus, the possibility of rupture uterus should be kept in mind in relevant clinical scenario.
Design of test frame for the bending of composite structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this project is to design a test frame for carrying out three and four point bending test on composite pipe. The test frame has been designed with features of adjustable pipe supports to vary ‘L’, the length of pipe, and adjustable four point press head which enables the frame to carry out a wide range of studies in three and four point bending. The test specimen is a fiberglass pipe where at the midpoint, there are rectangular strain gauges mounted at several positions around the circumference and a linear variable displacement transducer device to measure the deflection at the bottom of pipe. The experiments show that that the structural stiffness ‘K’ of specimen increases as the length of pipe ‘L’ is shortened and the attribution of deflection due to bending component and shear component are considered in terms of spring mass analogy. Then by using classical theories from mechanics of material, the experimental results of three point bending test give the value of overall longitudinal elastic modulus of fiberglass pipe as 14.0GPa which is near to the value of 12.5GPa which is specified by the manufacturer. The value of is 0.25GPa which is obtained by adopting graphical methods use for analyzing sandwich composite structure. In comparing the strain patterns of different pipe length in three point bending tests, it is observed that the effect of cross deformation will eventually overwhelm the effect of bending deflection as length of pipe decreases. Then, given the values of strain around the midpoint of pipe, the Mohr’s Circle is plotted to determine the principle strains experienced in the fibers direction. At the bottom tip of pipe, the fibers experienced compressive longitudinal and shear strain at with the magnitude of shear strain being much higher than the longitudinal strain. While at the side of pipe, the fibers experienced tensile longitudinal and shear strain with comparable magnitude. Finally for the three point bending test, the experimental results of deflection and strain are compared with the results of finite element analysis.
Impact of differential copayment on patient healthcare choice: evidence from South Korean National Cohort Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objective We evaluate the effectiveness of mild disease differential copayment policy aimed at reducing unnecessary patient visits to secondary/tertiary healthcare institutions in South Korea. Design Retrospective study using difference-in-difference design. Setting Sample Research database provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service, between 2010 and 2013. Participants 206 947 patients who visited healthcare institutions to treat mild diseases during the sample period. Methods A linear probability model with difference-in-difference approach was adopted to estimate the changes in patients’ healthcare choices associated with the differential copayment policy. The dependent variable was a binary variable denoting whether a patient visited primary healthcare or secondary/tertiary healthcare to treat her/his mild disease. Patients’ individual characteristics were controlled with a fixed effect. Results We observed significant decrease in the proportion of patients choosing secondary/tertiary healthcare over primary healthcare by 2.99 per cent point. The decrease associated with the policy was smaller by 14% in the low-income group compared with richer population, greater by 19% among the residents of Seoul metropolitan area than among people living elsewhere, and greater among frequent healthcare visitors by 33% than among people who less frequently visit healthcare. Conclusion The mild disease differential copayment policy of South Korea was successful in discouraging unnecessary visits to secondary/tertiary healthcare institutions to treat mild diseases that can be treated well in primary healthcare.
Analysis of blended learning teaching model at Andalus Islamic Education Center Singapore

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During the pandemic, Andalus Islamic Education Center implemented a learning process that adhered to the Singapore government's Home Based Learning policy. Based on the Ministry of Singapore's strategic direction, this institution began to transform learning. This essay attempts to assess the Blended Learning approach utilized in Islamic educational institutions in Andalusia by examining its merits and flaws. This study employs a qualitative technique, as well as a literature and field study research model. The information came from the Andalus Islamic Education Institute in the form of records, archives, or observation and interviews. With an educational analytical perspective, the data was analyzed using content analysis and descriptive analysis. The blended learning teaching process utilized at Andalusia Islamic Education was discovered to have a 50/50% teaching composition, with 50% for face-to-face activities and 50% for online learning activities. The process's strengths and weaknesses are based on two policy principles: the main priorities relating to the health and safety of students, educators, education personnel, families, and communities, as well as student growth and development and psychosocial conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic. Abstrak Di masa pandemi, Pusat Pendidikan Islam Andalus melakukan proses pembelajaran yang menyesuaikan dengan kebijakan home based learning yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah Singapura. Lembaga ini mulai memodifikasi pembelajaran berbasis arah kebijakan Kementerian Singapura. Artikel ini mencoba untuk menganalisis model blended learning yang digunakan di lembaga pendidikan Islam Andalus dengan melihat kekuatan dan kelemahannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan model penelitian kepustakaan dan studi lapangan. Data-data diperoleh dari Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Andalus, baik berupa dokumen, arsip, ataupun melalui observasi dan wawancara. Sedangkan analisis datanya menggunakan analisis isi dan analisis deskriptif dengan sudut pandang analisis pendidikan. Hasilnya didapat bahwa proses pengajaran blended learning yang digunakan di Pusat Pendidikan Andalusia menggunakan komposisi pengajaran 50/50%, yaitu 50% untuk kegiatan tatap muka (face to face) dan 50% untuk kegiatan pembelajaran online. Kekuatan dan kelemahan proses ini dilandasi oleh dua prinsip kebijakan, yaitu prioritas utama yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan dan keselamatan peserta didik, pendidik, tenaga kependidikan, keluarga, dan masyarakat; serta tumbuh kembang para pelajar dan kondisi psikososial selama masa pandemi Covid-19.