jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by B16 amelanotic melanoma cells is a determinant of their metastatic potential.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Biosynthesis of 12(S)-HETE by tumor cells is a determinant of their metastatic potential and inhibition of 12(S)-HETE biosynthesis in tumor cells may be a crucial target for intervening in metastasis.
Evaluation of (fli:GFP) Casper Zebrafish Embryos as a Model for Human Conjunctival Melanoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conjunctival melanoma (CM) is a rare malignant disease that can lead to recurrences and metastases. There is a lack of effective treatments for the metastases, and we set out to develop a new animal model to test potential therapies. Zebrafish are being used as a model for many diseases, and our goal was to test whether this animal could be used to study CM.\\nThree human CM cell lines (CRMM-1 and CM2005.1, which both harbor a B-RAF mutation, and CRMM-2, which has an N-RAS mutation) were injected into the yolk sac, around the eye, and into the duct of Cuvier of transgenic (fli:GFP) Casper zebrafish embryos. Fluorescent and confocal images were taken to assess the phenotype and the behavior of engrafted cells and to test the effect of Vemurafenib as a treatment against CM.\\nWhile the cells that had been injected inside the yolk sac died and those injected around the eye sporadically went into the circulation, the cells that had been injected into the duct of Cuvier colonized the zebrafish: cells from all three cell lines proliferated and disseminated to the eyes, where they formed clusters, and to the tail, where we noticed extravasation and micrometastases. Vemurafenib, a potent agent for treatment of B-RAF V600E-positive melanoma, inhibited outgrowth of CRMM-1 and CM2005.1 cells in a mutation-dependent way.\\nThe (fli:GFP) Casper zebrafish embryo can be used as an efficient animal model to study metastatic behavior of human CM cells and warrants further testing of drug efficacy to aid care of CM patients.\\nPurpose\\nMethods\\nResults\\nConclusions
3D Digitisation Guidelines: Steps to Success. A guide based on the EU VIGIE2020/654 Study on quality in 3D digitisation of tangible cultural heritage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This guide is designed to help anyone on their 3D digitisation journey. It is specifically aimed at Cultural Heritage professionals who are considering, or in the middle of, digitising their cultural heritage collections using three dimensional models. It outlines and simplifies the recommended standards highlighted in the EU VIGIE Study 2020/654 (Study on quality in 3D digitisation of tangible cultural heritage, published April 2022) and written in response to the EU recommendation (EU 2021/1970 on a common European data space for cultural heritage, published November 2021) for Member States to digitise all moments and sites at risk in 3D by 2030. This guide has been created within the framework of EUreka3D an EU project co-funded by the European Union (grant no. 101100685).
Study of the potential epigenetic changes to the AVP gene by Toxoplasma gondii infection via artificial hypermethylation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite with a two stage life cycle is known to infect rats. The parasite in its cyst form is found in greater numbers in the amygdala region of infected rats. Parasitic infection modifies the rats’ innate fear of cats into an attraction instead. The MeA is the target region of this study as it is involved in fear response. It is hypothesised that infection changes the epigenetic status of AVP gene in the MeA, specifically causing a hypomethylation. AVP is involved in positive social behaviour and we propose it as a primary candidate target of the infection. An increase in AVP is thought to be associated with a change in functional neuronal pathway of cat odour processing, making it similar to female rat odour processing (attraction). To determine expression levels and promoter status of AVP in the MeA, RNA (converted to cDNA) and gDNA samples were studied from the MeA region of saline control, saline infected, methionine control and methionine infected rat samples. Multiple AVP promoter sites and AVP primers were tested. Results were analysed via 2 way ANOVA. No significant difference between the samples and treatment were seen (p>0.05).
Description of jet like functors on vector bundles by means of module bundle functors on the bases

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let C be an admissible category over manifolds and VBC be the category of vector bundles with bases being C-objects and vector bundle maps with base maps being C-maps. Assume that any C-morphism is a local isomorphism. We describe all jet like functors (i.e. fiber product preserving gauge bundle functors) of order r on VBC by means of Jr(?,R)-module bundle functors on C. Then we describe all jet like functors of vertical type of order r on VBC by means of vector bundle functors on C of order r. As an application we classify jet like functors of some type on VBm. Finally, we determine all natural Jr(M,R)-module bundle structures on the vector bundles JrE ? M and Jrv E ? M, where E ? M is a vector bundle with m-dimensional basis and m ? 2.
Investigation and Comparison of Time and Location of Contract Conclusion in Iranian Electronic Commerce Act and UNCITRAL Model Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cyberspace is considered as one of the most modern means for conclusion of contracts and meeting the obligations arising from that, particularly in commercial transactions. The nature of electronic contracts- in terms of creditability, form and homogeneity with public disciplines and regulations of civil law about the contracts- is a new topic based on which recognition and investigation on the legal effects depend on formal structure of cyberspace and information and communication technology concepts known in this area. Present work mainly investigates following items: Electronic contract conclusion and specific properties of such agreements, effect of electronic trait on its way of formation as well as compatibility of public rules and regulation of electronic contracts in Iranian Electronic Commerce Act and UNCITRAL model law. Electronic contract principally does not differ traditional ones in terms of nature. However, structure of cyberspace has brought up new specifications and concepts. A descriptive-analytical method with comparative approach were used for data collection. Current rules and regulations at contracts area in traditional space seem to not be able to completely meet emerging rights in cyberspace but beside traditional legal basics, some rules and regulations are necessary to eliminate existing confusion by setting determination in modern legal uncertainties. Present study tries to answer above queries by assessment and comparison of location and time of contract conclusion in Electronic Commerce Act and UNCITRAL Model Law.
Effect of Betel Lime (Ca(OH)₂) Concentration on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Sugar Palm Juice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Palm sap is a sugary liquid obtained from tapping palm trees, commonly used to produce various forms of palm sugar, including liquid, solid, and powdered. Reducing sugars, such as glucose and fructose, can inhibit crystallization by binding to sucrose crystals, resulting in smaller crystals and higher water content, which limits the production of molded or powdered sugar. To control reducing sugars, laru (a buffer and antimicrobial solution) is added to prevent their formation. However, in KUP Kadhang Maju, laru is sometimes ineffective in maintaining pH and preventing microbial contamination, affecting the quality of extracted sap for palm sugar production. This study aims to optimize the amount of betel lime (Ca(OH)₂) in laru to produce optimal palm sap. Three Ca(OH)₂-to-water ratios were tested, with sap collected from afternoon until the following morning. The analyses included pH, reducing sugar content, viscosity, total dissolved solids, and color intensity. Statistical tests included normality, homogeneity, One-way ANOVA, and Duncan's post hoc tests. The optimal treatment, P2 (2 grams of Ca(OH)₂ per liter of water), resulted in ideal sap for crystallization, with a pH of 6.50, reducing sugar content of 3.76%, viscosity of 35.50 cP, total dissolved solids at 12.17 °Brix, and color values L* 26.81, a* 3.53, and b* 7.81.
[Transient hyponatremia the first symptome of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1)--case report].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transient character of laboratory abnormalities is usually explained as a false result of estimation. Spontaneous disappearance of laboratory abnormalities could be recognized as non-important and contradicting serious disease. Presented case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) denies these assumptions. Sixty-nine-years old woma was admitted to the internal department because of weakness, fever, dehydration and hypotension--symptom accompanying an upper respiratory infection. Moderate hyponatremia (122.6 mmol/l) was found in a routine laborator examination. All clinical symptoms as well as hyponatremia disappeared during hospitalization. Transient hyponatremi was not ignored. Further laboratory and hormonal investigations were performed. Fasting, morning serum cortisol concentration and 24-hours urinary excretion of free corticosterids were decreased and Synacten stimulation test reveale incomplete cortisol stimulation. Pituitary tumour was found in the CT scan. Moreover blood ionized calcium an parathyroid hormone were elevated. These results revealed secondary adrenal insufficiency, non-functioning pituitary tumor and hyperparathyroidism. Removal of pituitary adenoma was done. Asymptomatic hypercalcemia persists. Presented MEN 1 was atypical because: 1. Usually hyperparathyroidism is the first and most frequent symptom while in our patient the first symptom was transient hyponatremia secondary to the pituitary tumor, 2. was diagnosed in the old age while the majority of MEN 1 patients are younger, 3. asymptomatic course of hypercalcemia indicates that in some of elder patients removal of the parathyroid glands might not be necessary.
Zack Woods diatom surface sample dataset

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Raw data for the Zack Woods diatom surface sample dataset submitted to the Neotoma Paleoecology Database. Data is available through the landing page in JSON format. The landing page referenced by the DOI also contains links to publications and a map-based viewer for the dataset. The Neotoma Paleoecology Database maintains a homepage at https://www.neotomadb.org.
External-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) use and safety with Radium-223 dichloride (Ra) in patients (pts) with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and symptomatic bone metastases (mets) from the ALSYMPCA trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

External-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) use and safety with Radium-223 dichloride (Ra) in patients (pts) with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and symptomatic bone metastases (mets) from the ALSYMPCA trial
Effects of different exogenous hormones on physiological characteristics of main stem leaves at flower and boll stage in cotton.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

【 Objective 】 The effects of spraying exogenous hormones(gibberellin-3,GA3;brassinolide,BR and 6-benzylaminopurine,6-BA) at early(July 6) and full(July 17) flowering time on physiological characteristics of main stem functional leaves at flower and boll stage.【Method】 Three exogenous hormone treatments were emploid,with two concentration levels each,i.e.GA3 10 and 30 mg·L-1,BR 0.01 and 0.1 mg·L-1,and 6-BA 10 and 100 mg·L-1,with spraying water as the control(CK).The contents of chlorophyll,soluble protein,malondialdehyde,soluble sugar,endogenous hormone contents and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) were measured.【Result】 The results showed that the treatment of 100 mg·L-1 6-BA significantly increased the contents of chlorophyll,soluble protein,soluble sugar and the activities of SOD and POD at full flowering stage.The treatments of 6-BA 100 mg·L-1 and GA3 30 mg·L-1 significantly increased the contents of GA3 and ZR,and the ratio of ZR(zeatin riboside) / ABA(abscisic acid ),GA3 /ABA,and(ZR+GA3)/ABA at the same stage.The content of MDA greatly decreased.The treatments of BR(0.01 mg·L-1) and GA3(10 mg·L-1) also had a positive effect,but the effect was weaker.The treatments of GA3 30 mg·L-1 and 6-BA 100 mg·L-1 significantly increased the content of soluble protein,the ratio of GA3/ABA,GA3+ZR/ABA,while the content of MDA significantly decreased at full bolling stage.【Conclusion】 Under this experimental condition,spraying 6-BA 100 mg·L-1 and GA3 30 mg·L-1 had significantly effects on the physiological functions of main stem functional leaves,it could be used for delaying the senescence of cotton.
DOES THE MAASTRICHT CONVERGENCE CRITERIA WORK?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

During its 13 year history, the euro area experienced the most severe economic downturn in the late 2000s as a result of the 2007 financial-economic crisis stemming from the US banking sector. The crisis in the monetary union, besides posting a significant economic and social cost, revealed several weaknesses not just of the currency block as a whole, but also of its constituting members, which were masked by the prosperous economic environment characteristic for the 2000s. These conditions have put to the test the solidarity among the euro zone members, or in other words the existence of the currency block. One important problem of the currency block is the lack of harmony between the fiscal and economic policies of the member states, creating several and occasionally very divergent parts of the currency block. The aim of this research is to enhance the Maastricht convergence criteria'(tm)s and the Stability and Growth Pact'(tm)s role as a monitoring mechanism, allowing them to become more informative tools for the policy makers. For this, based on the relevant literature, we propose new potential explanatory variables which could enhance the role of the Maastricht convergence criteria and the Stability and Growth Pact. Some of the studied variables, like indebtedness of the private sector, capital flow compared to the size of the economy, government revenue compared to total public debt and current account balance help in enforcing the nominal convergence, while others (real labour productivity) contribute to the real convergence. The explanatory power of the proposed variables are investigated in the case of France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain for the period comprised between 2000Q1-2011Q4. Results of the research show that with the exception of government revenue compared to total public debt, all proposed variables have significant explanatory power regarding the evolution of the state of the economy in all seven countries analyzed. France and Germany, characterized by healthy fiscal and economic policies is also exposed to risks stemming from the evolution of the private debt. In case of Greece, Ireland and Spain the high current account deficit represented a significant explanatory variable, while the outstanding loans to the private sector proved to be significant in the case of Ireland, Italy and Portugal. The significance of real labour productivity for Greece and Italy proves that real convergence should also be obtained beside nominal convergence by economies in the currency block. All significant variables had explanatory power through their lagged value, hence counterbalancing policies can be elaborated in a timely manner in order to stabilize the economy if signs indicate a potentially unsustainable economic path.
Hsa_circ_0001073 targets miR‐626/LIFR axis to inhibit lung cancer progression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are associated with lung cancer progression. However, it is unclear whether and how circRNA hsa_circ_0001073 (circ_0001073) are involved in lung cancer progression. circ_0001073, microRNA (miR)‐626, and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) abundances were determined via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or western blot. Cell viability, invasion, and apoptosis were analyzed by cell counting kit‐8, transwell analysis and flow cytometry, respectively. The target correlation was tested by dual‐luciferase reporter analysis or RNA immunoprecipitation. Results showed that circ_0001073 abundance was down‐regulated in lung cancer cells. circ_0001073 constrained cell viability and invasion and facilitated apoptosis in lung cancer cells. miR‐626 was targeted via circ_0001073, and circ_0001073 inhibited lung cancer progression via reducing miR‐626 expression. LIFR was targeted via miR‐626, and miR‐626 knockdown constrained cell viability and invasion and facilitated apoptosis in lung cancer cells via up‐regulating LIFR. circ_0001073 increased LIFR expression via miR‐626 in lung cancer cells. In conclusion, circ_0001073 represses lung cancer progression via miR‐626/LIFR axis, indicating the potential value of circ_0001073 in lung cancer treatment.
Comparison of non-linear vibration of outer race defective ball bearing using two defect functions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this article is to study the effects of evolution in defect size on vibration of a ball bearing by simulation of a ball bearing by developing a 2-DOF mathematical model and to compare the vibration responses of defective bearings obtained for two widely used defect functions, viz., rectangular function and half-sine wave function. MATLAB codes are developed to prepare a mathematical model of a ball bearing and to solve the differential equations of the model using the Runge-Kutta method. In the model, the mass supported by the bearing is considered as a lumped mass, and the contact between the races and the balls is considered as a series of springs, whose spring stiffness is obtained by using Hertz’s contact deformation theory. This model considers the contact deformation between the balls and the races and the additional displacement between the balls and the inner race due to radial clearance and defect geometry. The maximum possible radial displacement of the ball into the defect is obtained analytically and graphically from the race-ball-defect geometry. First, the impulses generated due to an outer race defect in the ball bearing are modeled using two different defect functions separately and their vibration responses are compared. Secondly, the effects of increase in defect length on vibration of the bearing are simulated separately for two defect functions, and then their responses are compared and analyzed. The results show that when the defect is modeled with a rectangular defect function, the vibration responses obtained are greater than when the defect is modeled with a half-sine wave defect function. And, vibration responses increase rapidly up to a certain level of defect length and then decrease with a further increase in defect length. The vibration analysis performed for different defect lengths can provide good support to vibration analysts and researchers.
Two cases of apparent chalazion at a young age, with a surprise diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Atypical presentation of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma may lead to initial misdiagnosis and an unfortunate delay in treatment. Two cases of rhabdomoyosarcoma presenting as eyelid lesions with early diagnosis of chalazion will be discussed. Material & Methods: Case report series of two patients[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
Congenital Spinal Lipomatous Malformations. Part 1. Spinal Lipomas, Lipomyeloceles, and Lipomyelomeningoceles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Lumbosacral spinal lipomas and lipomyeloceles are usually identified in early childhood. Terminology, histopathology, and diagnosis for these malformations can be confusing. Materials and Methods: This is a PubMed review with comparison of embryology, gross, and histopathology, and reporting requisites for these and related closed spinal malformations. Results: The spinal lipoma group (congenital spinal lipomatous malformations) includes subcutaneous, transdural, intradural, and noncontiguous malformations stretching through the entire lower spinal region. This lipomyelocele trajectory overlaps the embryonic tail's caudal eminence. Histopathologically, the lipomyelocele spectrum is a heterogeneous, stereotypical set of findings encountered from dermis to spinal cord. Diagnosis requires detailed correlation of images, intraoperative inspection, and histopathology. Conclusions: Appropriate terminology and clinicopathologic correlation to arrive at a diagnosis is a critical activity shared by pathologist and clinician. Prognostic and management differences depend on specific diagnoses. Familial and genetic influences play little if any role in patient management in closed spinal malformations.
The pricing behavior of Hang Seng index futures

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Much academic studies have been done on the pricing of stock index futures. This study is an inspiration of the previous works and it focuses on index futures trading in the Hong Kong Futures Exchange (HKFE). The purpose of this study is to provide evidence on the pricing efficiency of the Hang Seng Index (HSI) futures by examining the existence of arbitrage opportunities.
Three-Level Inverter Performance Using Adaptive Neuro- Fuzzy Based Space Vector Modulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Space vector modulation is an optimal pulse width modulation technique in variable speed drive application. This paper presents Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy based space vector modulation technique for a three level inverter. It uses uses hybrid learning algorithm (combination of back propagation and least square methods) for training due to this the required training error is obtained with less number of epoches compared to other techniques like Neural, fuzzy etc. The proposed scheme uses the d-axis and q-axis voltages information at the input side and the corrected two-level duty ratios for switching pulses, two-level index are generated as output. The performance measure in-terms of the total harmonic distortion (THD) of inverter line-line voltage has been evaluated with Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy based system is compared with the conventional based SVM method.