jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CTL-mediated immunotherapy can suppress SHIV rebound in ART-free macaques

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A major barrier to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cure is the existence of viral reservoirs that lead to viral rebound following discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We postulate that enhancing cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) targeting conserved envelope (Env) regions can eliminate HIV infected cells in latency. Here, we evaluate the use of adoptively transferred HIV vaccine-induced subtype C Env-specific CTLs in a macaque subtype B simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) model to determine whether plasma viremia can be controlled after ART interruption. We demonstrate that adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) using autologous Env-specific T cells augmented by therapeutic vaccination can suppress ART-free viral rebound in the SHIV model. Furthermore, phenotypic and functional characterization of adoptively transferred cells in ACT-responsive and nonresponsive animals support a critical role for cross-reactive central memory T cells in viremia control. Our study offers an approach to potentiate immunological suppression of HIV in the absence of antiviral drugs.
Charlesworth (Neil) : Peasants and Imperial Ride, Agriculture and Agrarian Society in the Bombay Presidency, 1850-1935

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Lardinois Roland. Charlesworth (Neil) : Peasants and Imperial Ride, Agriculture and Agrarian Society in the Bombay Presidency, 1850-1935. In: Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer, tome 75, n°278, 1er trimestre 1988. pp. 134-135.
Population pharmacodynamic analysis of LDL‐cholesterol lowering effects by statins and co‐medications based on electronic medical records

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aims HMG ‐ CoA reductase inhibitors are available for use in low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol ( LDL ‐ C ) lowering therapy. The purposes of this study were to develop a population pharmacodynamic ( PPD ) model to describe the time course for the LDL ‐ C lowering effects of statins and assess the efficacy of combination therapy based on electronic medical records. Methods Patient backgrounds, laboratory tests and prescribed drugs were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records. Patients who received atorvastatin, pitavastatin or rosuvastatin were enrolled. A physiological indirect response model was used to describe the changes observed in LDL ‐ C concentrations. The PPD analysis was performed using nonmem 7.2.0 with the first order conditional estimation method with interaction ( FOCE‐INTER ). Results An indirect response I max model, based on the 2863 LDL ‐ C concentrations of 378 patients, successfully and quantitatively described the time course for the LDL ‐ C lowering effects of three statins. The combination of ezetimibe, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, decreased the LDL synthesis rate ( K in ) by 10.9%. A simulation indicated that the combined treatment of ezetimibe with rosuvastatin (2.5 mg day −1 ) led to superior clinical responses than those with high doses of rosuvastatin (5.0 mg day −1 ) monotherapy, even in patients with higher baseline LDL ‐ C concentrations prior to the treatment. Conclusions A newly constructed PPD model supported previous evidence for the beneficial effects of ezetimibe combined with rosuvastatin. In addition, the established framework is expected to be applicable to other drugs without pharmacokinetic data in clinical practice.
Examining Legislation and Enforcement Mechanisms to Combat International Human Trafficking from an Islamic Criminal Law Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to uncover the potential use of Islamic criminal law to strengthen anti-trafficking responses, assessing and evaluating the adequacy of existing legal responses. Human trafficking continues to be an alarming international problem, with global legal mechanisms not always ensuring effective law enforcement and victim protection. Even with national treaties and laws in place, differences in prosecution rates and lack of legal structures keep trafficking networks running. This study employs a mixed-methods approach by integrating legal analysis along with qualitative insights from both legal practitioners and trafficking survivors to highlight enforcement faults. It researches Fasad fil Arz (corruption on earth) versus Hadd (fixed punishments) principles and their capacity to improve deterrence and accountability. Through this research, we see how the rational and punitive nature of secular legal systems is balanced by Islamic criminal heritage by presenting the ideological, moralistic, and rehabilitation nature of Islamic law. The article recommends a hybrid legal model that integrates local Islamic principles and international standards to address enforcement inconsistencies and enhance protection for victims. It contends that the incorporation of Islamic legal mechanisms, such as the introduction of restitution and community-based regulation, can help address existing gaps in prosecution and survivors’ rehabilitation. It further emphasizes the need for cross-jurisdictional cooperation, legislative reform and strengthened institutional capacity for the effective countering of trafficking. This study thus adds to wider debates on how to strengthen anti-trafficking strategies through a holistic approach that brings together secular and Islamic legal traditions by calling for a more holistic legal framework. Also, underscores the necessity of integrating Islamic legal principles with international cooperation to create a robust and effective anti-trafficking strategy.
Host‐parasite life‐histories of the diurnalvs. nocturnal chronotypes ofSchistosoma mansoni: adaptive significance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objectives To optimise host‐to‐host transmission, digenean trematodes (parasites) synchronise their cercarial emission patterns with the aquatic activities of their vertebrate hosts. Schistosoma mansoni has two different circadian chronotypes: a diurnal shedding pattern with a mean peak occurring at 11:00 h, and a nocturnal shedding pattern with a mean peak occurring at 20:00 h. We analysed the life‐history variations between these two chronotypes at the levels of the parasite and its hosts. Methods For each chronotype, we quantified three life‐history traits related to the parasite (prepatent period, infection rate and cercarial production) and analysed the morphometry and the morphology of the parasite eggs; we also quantified three life‐history traits related to the snail intermediate host (shell diameter, fecundity and survival rate) and one life‐history trait related to the experimental definitive host (survival rate). A phylogeny based on the mitochondrial cytochrome‐oxidase gene was made on samples of both chronotypes. Results Life‐history analysis revealed significant variations between the two chronotypes. Life‐history traits were optimal for both the parasite and the snail host for the diurnal chronotype compared to the nocturnal one. The new chronotype behaved like an allopatric population towards its snail host. Phylogenetic analysis supports the hypothesis of a lateral transfer of S. mansoni from humans to Rattus rattus . These results were interpreted in terms of an ongoing sympatric speciation. Conclusion The nocturnal chronotype of S. mansoni showed non‐adapted life‐history traits in its relation with the snail intermediate host Biomphalaria pfeifferi . The emergence of this new phenotype is probably linked to divergent natural selection.
The Chile Experiment Comparing Chile’s Free School Choice Model with Quasi-Monopoly Educational Systems in Latin America on Academic Outcomes and School Segregation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to show the achievements and challenges of Chile's system of free school choice compared to countries with similar socioeconomic structures and common educational histories, but with traditional education systems: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay.
Hungary: Financial System Stability Assessment Follow-up, including Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on the following topics: Monetary and Financial Policy Transparency, Banking Supervision, Securities Regulation, Insurance Regulation, and Payment Systems

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper presents key findings of the Financial System Stability Assessment Follow-up for Hungary, including Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Monetary and Financial Policy Transparency, Banking Supervision, Securities Regulation, Insurance Regulation, and Payment Systems. The assessment reveals that Hungary is in the final stages of transition to a market economy and has one of the most developed and diversified financial systems in Central and Eastern Europe. The banking system is well managed and capitalized, and the quality of its assets is high.
Detection and Analysis of Tremor by Inertial Sensing Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes the prototype of the technology to capture the movement data at the point of interest related to the human body.The movement data is collected from a range of supported system using inertial sensor.The proposed system is built with an algorithm to remove the noise and to extract the intent data obtained from the samples after the data processing.This work contributes the novelty in developing a inertial assessment device which enables on-sensor-node data processing.The benefit of this device is its smaller size and light in weight.
Research Progress on Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of P-Chiral Compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

P-Chiral compounds are a valuable class of privileged structures in pharmaceutically and biologically active compounds and also serve as powerful and versatile ligands or organocatalysts in asymmetric synthesis.Therefore, their asymmetric synthese has gained increasing attention in the past two decades.By means of kinetic resolution (KR) or dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) strategy, racemic secondary phosphines, their borane-adducts or their oxides can be transformed to the associated compounds with P-chirality, which serves as a straightforward and efficient protocol to construct a P-chiral center.The recent achievements of the transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric syntheses of P-chiral compounds based on KR and DKR of racemic secondary phosphines, their borane-adducts and their oxides in the past two decades are summarized.Meanwhile, arylation, addition to activated alkenes or alkynes, alkylation and other reactions are covered respectively based on the varied reaction partners.These reaction entails the formation of new P-C, P-O and P-N bonds in an asymmetric manner.What's more, the transformation of prochiral primary phosphines to P-chiral secondary phosphines is mentioned in the miscellaneous reaction section.
Regulation of Cytosolic Prostaglandin E Synthase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the most common prostanoid with potent and various biological activities, is regulated by three sequential steps of cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. We reported the molecular identification of cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase (cPGES), a terminal enzyme of the COX-mediated PGE2 biosynthetic pathway. Of interest, it is identical to the co-chaperone p23 that binds to heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Incubation of recombinant cPGES/p23 and Hsp90 resulted in a remarkable increase in PGES activity in vitro. Furthermore, A23187-induced PGE2 generation in 3Y1 cells was suppressed by Hsp90 inhibitors, which destabilized the cPGES/p23-Hsp90 complex, and reduced cPGES/p23 activity and PGE2 production to basal levels. Next, we found that cPGES/p23 underwent serine phosphorylation, which was accelerated transiently after cell activation. In activated cells, cPGES/p23 phosphorylation occurred in parallel with increased cPGES/p23 enzymic activity and PGE2 production from exogenous and endogenous arachidonic acid, and these processes were facilitated by Hsp90 that formed a tertiary complex with cPGES/p23 and protein kinase CK2. Treatment of cells with inhibitors of CK2 and Hsp90 and with a dominant-negative CK2 attenuated the formation of the cPGES/p23-CK2-Hsp90 complex and attendant cPGES/p23 phosphorylation and activation. Mutations of either of two predicted CK2 phosphorylation sites on cPGES/p23 (Ser113 and Ser118) abrogated its phosphorylation and activation both in vitro and in vivo. These results provide the first evidence that the cellular function of this eicosanoid-biosynthetic enzyme is under the control of a molecular chaperone and its client protein kinase.
Pulmonary vein isolation for AF: does technique influence outcome?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Over the last 20 years various techniques have been developed striving for safer and more durable pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). The three most commonly used tools are pulmonary vein ablation catheter (PVAC) and cryoballoon (‘single-shot’ techniques), and point-by-point (PBP) radiofrequency ablation using 3D electroanatomical mapping (EAM). Objective Evaluate the safety and efficacy of the different techniques in an unselected population undergoing de-novo ablation for persistent or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) at a single high-throughput centre. Method Retrospective, single-centre study of consecutive AF ablations between March 2017 and April 2018. Demographic, procedural and outcome data were analysed. Results Over the study period 329 first-time PVI procedures were performed. 37.4% were performed using PBP, 39.8% using cryoballoon and 22.8% using PVAC. There was no significant difference in age or sex between different ablation technique groups. 238 procedures were performed for paroxysmal AF and 91 for persistent AF. A higher proportion of the persistent cases were performed using point-by-point techniques compared to paroxysmal cases (58.2% vs 29.0%, p &lt; 0.05). Procedural times were significantly longer in the group undergoing PBP ablation compared to cryoballoon or PVAC. However, there was no statistically significant difference in 12-month freedom from symptomatic AF or procedural complications between the groups. Conclusions PBP, PVAC and cryoballoon AF ablation all appeared equally efficacious in an unselected population, though PVAC and cryoballoon procedures were shorter. All procedures were associated with a low adverse event rate. Prospective examination is required to substantiate this finding. Table 1CARTOn= 123Cryoballoonn= 131PVACn = 75p-valueAge/years61.7 ± 9.259.5 ± 10.661.7 ± 9.70.14Male92 (74.8)88 (67.2)49 (61.3)0.80Paroxysmal AF70 (56.9)106 (78.6)62 (82.7)0.14Cardiovascular risk factors Hypertension Diabetes Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Heart failure Dyslipidaemia73 (59.3)23 (18.7)40 (32.5)2 (1.6)0 (0) 12 (9.8)79 (60.3)19 (14.5)45 (34.4)0 (0)1 (0.8)16 (12.2)43 (57.3)16 (21.3)22 (29.3)1 (1.3)0 (0)10 (13.3) 0.58 0.24 0.62 - - 0.71Left atrial diameter/cm4.2 ± 0.74.1 ± 0.73.9 ± 1.00.69Procedure time/mins191.3 ± 39126.7 ± 24117.4 ± 30&lt;0.056 month success Paroxysmal Persistent50/66 (75.8)32/51 (62.7)78/103 (75.7)18/24 (75.0)48/61 (78.6)10/12 (83.3) 0.99 0.80Complications9 (7.3)3 (2.3)1 (1.3)0.07Patient demographics, procedural characteristics and outcomes for Carto, cryoballoon and PVAC cases. Values presented as mean ± SD or n (%)Abstract Figure. Time to arrhythmia recurrence
Web 2.0 applications in government web sites

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which Web 2.0 applications are prevalent in government web sites, the ways in which Web 2.0 applications have been used in government web sites, as well as whether the presence of Web 2.0 applications correlates with the perceived quality of government web sites. Design/methodology/approach Divided equally between developing and advanced economies, a total of 200 government web sites were analysed using content analysis and multiple regression analysis. Findings The prevalence of seven Web 2.0 applications in descending order was: RSS, multimedia sharing services, blogs, forums, social tagging services, social networking services and wikis. More web sites in advanced countries include Web 2.0 applications than those in developing countries. The presence of Web 2.0 applications was found to have a correlation with the overall web site quality, and in particular, service quality. Research limitations/implications This paper only covers government web sites in English. Emerging genres of Web 2.0 applications such as mashups and virtual worlds have not been included. Moreover the data were drawn solely from the public domain. Practical implications Decision makers and e‐government web developers may benchmark their own efforts in deploying Web 2.0 applications against this study. The numerous exemplars cited here serve as a springboard to generate more ideas on how Web 2.0 applications could be used and harnessed to improve the overall quality of government web sites. Originality/value This paper unites two research interests: Web 2.0 and web site quality. It also extends previous studies by investigating the suite of Web 2.0 applications found in government web sites around the world.
Leveraging User-Generated Metadata of Online Videos for Cover Song Identification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

YouTube is a rich source of cover songs. Since the platform itself is organized in terms of videos rather than songs, the retrieval of covers is not trivial. The field of cover song identification addresses this problem and provides approaches that usually rely on audio content. However, including the user-generated video metadata available on YouTube promises improved identification results. In this paper, we propose a multi-modal approach for cover song identification on online video platforms. We combine the entity resolution models with audio-based approaches using a ranking model. Our findings implicate that leveraging user-generated metadata can stabilize cover song identification performance on YouTube.
Democracy in Ghana: Everyday Politics in Urban Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Rapid urbanization and political liberalization is changing the nature of African politics and societies. This book develops a framework for the study of democracy and development that emphasizes informal institutions and the politics of belonging in the context of daily life, in contrast to the formal and electoral paradigms that dominate the social sciences. Based on fifteen months of field research including ethnographic observation, focus group interviews, and original quantitative survey analysis in Ghana, this book intervenes in major debates about public goods provision, civic participation, ethnic politics and democratization, and the future of urban sustainability in a rapidly changing world. By developing new understandings of democracy, as well as providing novel explanations for good governance and development in poor urban neighborhoods, the book transcends the narrative of a failing and corrupt Africa and charts a new way forward for the study of democracy and development.
Study on the Improvement of Flow Pattern of Rest Pools of Vertical Slot Fishway

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Rest pools provide a rest place for migratory fish to swim upstream,so whether its flow pattern is reasonable or not directly affects the upstream efficiency of fish.Based on the design principle of the mainstream centered in the pool,this paper builds a three-dimensional numerical model to optimize the shape of the vertical slot fishway rest pool,and analyzes the influence law of installing rectifying plates and adjusting the length and width of rectifying plates on the flow pattern in the rest pool.The results show that increasing the length of rectifying plate can effectively improve the flow pattern of mainstream adhering to the wall in the rest pool,while the width adjustment has little effect on the flow pattern.The optimization measures of installing rectifying plates have little influence on turbulent kinetic energy of the pool.On this basis,it is a recommended optimization scheme to increase the length of guide plate and rectifying plate to 0.6 meters.
Third‐order harmonic expansion of the magnetoencephalography forward and inverse problems in an ellipsoidal brain model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary We present a forward modeling solution in the form of an array response kernel for magnetoencephalography. We consider the case when the brain's anatomy is approximated by an ellipsoid and an equivalent current dipole model is used to approximate brain sources. The proposed solution includes the contributions up to the third‐order ellipsoidal harmonic terms; hence, we compare this new approximation against the previously available one that only considered up to second‐order harmonics. We evaluated the proposed solution when used in the inverse problem of estimating physiologically feasible visual evoked responses from magnetoencephalography data. Our results showed that the contribution of the third‐order harmonic terms provides a more realistic representation of the magnetic fields (closer to those generated with a numerical approximation based on the boundary element method) and, subsecuently, the estimated equivalent current dipoles are a better fit to those observed in practice (e.g., in visual evoked potentials). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Meaning in Life and Death Attitude between Participants and Non-participants in Well-dying Education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The purposes of this study was to compare the meaning in life and death attitude between the participants and nonparticipants of the well-dying education program. Methods: This study adopted the descriptive comparative design. Data were collected by interviewing 85 participants and 94 non-participants of well-dying education. The instruments used for this study were a self-report questionnaire. Results: 1) There were significant differences in age, gender, marital status, health status, and volunteer experience. 2) The program participants showed higher scores of the death attitude than non-participants. 3) There were significant correlations between meaning in life and death attitude in participant group. 4) Death attitude was significantly associated with meaning in life in participant group with 6.0% variance. Conclusion: Based on the results, well-dying education program was effective to prepare good death with more comprehensive vision. Therefore this program should be served for patient who have life-threatening illness by nurse and this is the expended role of oncology and hospice palliative nurses.