jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Impact of E-commerce on the Sales of Agricultural and Sideline Products

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study explores the impact of e-commerce on the sales of agricultural and sideline products, examining how digital platforms have transformed traditional marketing and distribution channels in the agricultural sector. The research underscores the significance of e-commerce as a pivotal tool for enhancing market accessibility and efficiency for farmers and producers, particularly in rural and remote areas. By leveraging e-commerce, agricultural producers can bypass traditional intermediaries, thereby reducing transaction costs and increasing profit margins. The study employs a comprehensive analysis of market trends, consumer behavior, and sales data to evaluate the effectiveness of e-commerce platforms. It identifies key factors that influence the successful integration of e-commerce in agricultural sales, including infrastructure development, digital literacy, and logistical support. The findings reveal a substantial increase in the reach and scale of market access for agricultural products, alongside improved price competitiveness. By facilitating direct interaction between producers and consumers, e-commerce contributes to greater transparency and trust in the supply chain. The conclusion emphasizes the transformative potential of e-commerce in reshaping the agricultural market landscape, advocating for policy support and investment in digital infrastructure to further enhance its benefits. This research provides valuable insights for stakeholders seeking to optimize the use of e-commerce in agricultural sales, highlighting the need for strategic planning and collaboration among policymakers, industry players, and technology providers.
Effects of hypercapnia on Breuer-Hering threshold for inspiratory termination

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The effects of CO2 concentration on the timing of inspiratory duration (TI) and expiratory duration (TE) and the responses to lung inflation were studied in decerebrate paralyzed cats. With lung volume held at functional residual capacity during the breath cycle, hypercapnia (fractional concentration of inspired CO2 = 0.04) caused variable changes in TI and significant increases in TE. To obtain the Breuer-Hering threshold relationship [tidal volume (VT) vs. TI] and the timing relationship between TE and the preceding TI (TE vs. TI), ramp inflations of various sizes were used to terminate inspiration at different times in the breath cycle. Hypercapnia caused the VT vs. TI curves to shift in an upward direction so that at higher lung volumes TI was lengthened. Also, the slope of the TE vs. TI relationship was increased. The results suggest that hypercapnia diminished the sensitivity of the Breuer-Hering reflex to the lung volume, thus allowing volume to increase with little effect on TI. In addition, TE appears to become more sensitive to changes in the preceding TI. A model is presented which provides a possible neural mechanism for these responses.
Interaction Between Two Types of Earthworm and Ageratum on Soil Physicochemical Properties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Earthworms are one of the most important soil organisms in tropical ecosystem as they influence mineralogical, structural and microbial composition of soil. The study investigated the effect of interaction between two Nigerian earthworms Eudrilus Eugeniae and Irridodrilus sp and Ageratum species (AG) on soil physicochemical properties in potted experiment. The treatment consisted of 1000g subsoil treated with ageratum (AG); Ageratum + soil inoculated with Eudrilus Eugeniae (AE), Ageratum + soil inoculated with Irridodrilus sp (AI) and control soil not treated (CO). The results of the study showed remarkable differences between the treatments in soil physicochemical properties. The pots inoculated with Eudrilus Eugeniae (AE) relative to other treatments produced high quality ion exchange as evidence from the high (CEC) recorded, enhanced soil aggregation 73% compared to 52% recorded in AI, stabilization of soil aggregates and enhanced availability of nutrient elements by 150% compared to 120% observed in AI. High level of soil pH (9.15) was recorded in AE. AG induced 62% increase in soil erodibility and only 9% increase in availability of soil nutrients. AG was found to be toxic particularly to Irridodrilus whose percentage survival was 0% relative to 67% of Eudrilus Eugeniae whose weight loss was 27%. Ageratum is a bio-pesticide and bio-fertilizer of which its production is simple and cost effective and the efficacy for soil management will require the presence of active soil organisms like earthworms to process Ageratum adequately as was found in this study. The primary materials used in this study are abundantly available and within the reach of farmers. The production and application is eco-friendly, promotes sustainable soil productivity, soil conservation and environmental health. This technology will discourage the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in the study area if well integrated in crop production activities.
Bride Price and Masculinity in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores the bride price system in China and its impact on masculinity. Bride price is an important part of the Chinese marriage tradition, resonating with the patriarchal system where men dominate in family, society, and politics(Sangwha 1999). Using web crawler techniques and thematic analysis, the paper analyzes discussions related to bride price on HUPU forums and answers two questions: how Chinese men view bride price and how they display and construct masculinity in the practice of bride price. The study found that bride price is seen as a financial burden, and many men feel unfair. Men should show their economic ability, and maintain their dominance over their wives while conforming to the image of filial sons. Despite the significant economic pressure that bride price puts on men, they still adhere to it in order to maintain patriarchy and the traditional gender order. The bride price controversy reveals the inherent contradictions between the traditional and modern gender order, and how Chinese men construct multidimensional male identities within this contradiction.
Helmet Mounted Displays: An Experimental Investigation of Display Luminance and Contrast

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study was carried out in order to validate experimentally the predictions of previous analytic work (Cohen, 1973). The objective was to determine the best combination of filter coatings and display luminances required for viewing the Helmet Mounted Display (HMD) against a wide, but operationally realistic variety of background luminances. The predictions relating beamsplitter transmittance, visor transmittance and display luminance to performance were largely supported by the data.
Preliminary Experience of the Spanish Compassionate Use Registry of Bendamustine in Patients with Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Abstract 4035 Introduction: Bendamustine is a dual alkylating agent with demonstrated efficacy in de novo multiple myeloma (MM) and in relapsed/refractory (R/R MM). We present the preliminary results from the experience of Spanish compassionate use registry of this agent in different treatment schedules of R/R MM, promoted by the GEM/PETHEMA Group (Benda-MMRR-11). This study has been approved by local ethical committee, CEIC, HUP, Madrid, Spain. Patients and Methods: 72 patients, 42 males and 30 females, with advanced R/R MM after several lines of previous treatment received a schedule containing Bendamustine (Levact®, Mundipharma, UK). Median age was 66 (35–86), with a median of 4 previous salvage lines (1–11). Bendamustine dose used ranged between 60 and 120 mg/m2 iv on days 1 and 2 for each 28 days cycle. The median of cycles was 2 (1–9). The combinations used were: Bendamustine + Prednisone in 27 patients, Bendamustine + Thalidomide + Prednisone in 11 cases, Bendamustine + Dexamethasone in 14 patients, Bendamustine + Bortezomib + Dexamethasone in 7 patients, Bendamustine + Bortezomib + Prednisone in 3 patients, Bendamustine + Thalidomide + Dexamethasone in 2 cases, Bendamustine monotherapy in 5 patients, Bendamustine + Thalidomide in 1 case, Bendamustine with Caelyx in 1 case and Bendamustine with Rituximab in 1 case. Results: In the 69 evaluable patients, the response was: overall response rate (ORR) 30.24%%, with complete response (CR) 11.5%, partial response (PR) 13.04%. Minimal response (MR) was 5.7%, and stable disease (SD) was 17.39%. Progression was documented in 52.1% of patients. In general, treatment was well tolerated; the most common adverse effect was hematological toxicity with grade 3–4 neutropenia in 31.8%, grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia in 30.4% and grade 3–4 anemia in 17.3%. Other toxicities included grade 3–4 infections in 27% of patients and grade 3–4 asthenia in 11.5%. Clinical results will be updated with more details regarding TTP, OS and efficacy and toxicity with each schedule. Comments: Bendamustine is an effective salvage therapy in patients with advanced R/R MM. Our results are consistent with previous published data in larger series of patients. More experience is needed with this agent to define the best combination and to assess its grade of efficacy that will be probably superior in earlier stages of myeloma evolution. Disclosures: Off Label Use: compassionate use.
Integration of gene mutations in risk prognostication for watch‐and‐wait follicular lymphoma patients initiating first‐line treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Follicular lymphoma (FL) patients with low tumor burden at diagnosis frequently undergo the watch‐and‐wait (W&W) strategy. The study aimed to facilitate risk assessment in predicting the time to lymphoma treatment (TLT) for W&W patients through an integrated analysis of clinical factors and genetic mutations. A retrospective study was conducted on 214 FL patients managed with W&W between 2016 and 2023. Among them, 184 patients underwent targeted sequencing. The median follow‐up was 30.4 months (IQR 21.4–41.9, range 6.4–95.8). A clinico‐genetic model m3‐PRIMA‐PI was developed using the multivariate Cox proportional hazards method, incorporating two clinical parameters (bone marrow involvement and elevated β2‐MG) and three gene mutations ( KMT2D , EP300 , and TP53 ). Patients were categorized into low (69.0%), intermediate (21.7%), and high (9.2%) risk groups. Probabilities of treatment initiation at one year were 11.0% (95% CI, 5.2%–16.5%), 26.0% (95% CI, 10.7%–38.7%), and 54.3% (95% CI, 22.3%–73.1%); and at 2 years were 29.4% (95% CI, 20.2%–37.5%), 49.8% (95% CI, 31.1%–63.4%), and 93.5% (95% CI, 56.7%–99.0%), respectively. The predictive performance for TLT was superior with m3‐PRIMA‐PI, achieving a C‐index of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.63–0.69), compared to established indexes like FLIPI (C‐index 0.59, 95% CI, 0.56–0.62) and FLIPI2 (C‐index 0.59, 95% CI, 0.55–0.61). The above results were further validated in an independent external cohort. The m3‐PRIMA‐PI may provide a promising tool for risk stratification in W&W FL patients.
Symmetry and sex differences in knee kinematics and ACL elongation in healthy collegiate athletes during high‐impact activities revealed through dynamic biplane radiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine symmetry and sex differences in knee kinematics and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) elongation waveforms in healthy athletes without a history of a knee injury during fast running, drop jump, and 180° internal/external rotation hops. It was hypothesized that knee abduction angle and ACL relative elongation would be greater in women than in men during all activities. Bilateral knee kinematics and ACL relative elongation were determined in 19 collegiate athletes using dynamic biplane radiography. Sex differences in kinematics and ACL relative elongation waveforms were identified using statistical parametric mapping. Average absolute side‐to‐side differences (SSD A ) in kinematics and ACL relative elongation waveforms were determined for each activity. Women had up to 2.3° (all p < 0.05) less knee adduction angle and had greater ACL relative elongation (max. 4.8%–9.2%; all p < 0.01) than men during all activities, in support of the hypotheses. SSD A in kinematics were 1.4 mm and 5.5° or less in all components of translation and rotation, respectively, while SSD A in ACL relative elongation was 3.6% or less across all activities. Greater ACL relative elongation across a variety of activities may make women more susceptible to ACL injury than men. This study provides valuable reference data for identifying abnormal asymmetry in knee kinematics and ACL elongation in athletes after the ACL injury. These novel results improve our understanding of ACL elongation during demanding athletic activities and may help guide the development of sex‐specific risk screening metrics, return to play assessments, and rehabilitation protocols after the ACL injury.
Birth weight: a cause for concern over both the short and long terms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre o baixo peso ao nascer e o estado nutricional ao final do primeiro ano de vida. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo caso-controle aninhado a uma coorte em quatro municípios da Zona da Mata Meridional de Pernambuco. Os recém-nascidos foram recrutados para a coorte nas primeiras 24 horas de vida, sendo o peso aferido ao nascimento e ao final do primeiro ano de vida. Durante o primeiro ano de vida, foram realizadas duas visitas domiciliares semanais para confirmar aleitamento materno predominante e ocorrência de episódios diarréicos. Considerou-se caso (risco nutricional) a criança com índice peso/idade abaixo do percentil 10 (n = 117); e controle aquela com percentil igual ou maior que 10 (n = 411). Realizou-se análise de regressão logística hierarquizada para detectar os fatores determinantes do estado nutricional no primeiro ano de vida. RESULTADOS: Os fatores que explicaram o risco nutricional ao final do primeiro ano de vida foram peso ao nascer e ausência de sanitário no domicílio. As crianças que nasceram com peso entre 1.500 g e 2.499 g tiveram uma chance 29 vezes maior (IC 95% = 9,77-87,49) de apresentar risco nutricional aos 12 meses de idade em relação àquelas com peso de nascimento maior que 3.500 g. Nas que residiam em domicílio sem sanitário, a chance foi três vezes maior (IC 95% = 1,54-6,22) em relação àquelas com sanitário com descarga no domicílio. CONCLUSÃO: O baixo peso ao nascer é um dos principais fatores responsáveis pelo risco nutricional ao final do primeiro ano de vida, sendo imprescindível adotar estratégias para sua redução e prevenção.
THE EFFECTS OF TRITIATED THYMIDINE INCORPORATION ON SECONDARY ROOT PRODUCTION BY PISUM SATIVUM

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

H ummon , M argaret R. (Montana State U., Missoula.) The effects of tritiated thymidine incorporation on secondary root production by Pisum sativum. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49(10): 1038–1046. Illus. 1962.—Most studies of effects of radiation on plants have involved a general exposure of all the cells and tissues of an organ or entire plant. Tritiated thymidine offers a tool for selective irradiation of the nucleus with little effect on the cytoplasm of a cell. Furthermore, differential incorporation due to variation in the pattern of DNA synthesis permits selective irradiation of cells and tissues. In this study, developing primary roots of Pisum sativum were submerged for brief periods in a solution of tritiated thymidine. This resulted in an alteration of the lateral root pattern. In the area corresponding to the region of elongation during treatment, subsequent lateral root production was suppressed. This correlated with the portion of the root in which there was incorporation of tritiated thymidine into a high percentage of pericycle nuclei. Abnormal development of vascular tissues also occurred, with evidence of altered polarity in the xylem. Although incorporation also occurred in the apical meristem, the latter was not affected at this level of exposure. Thus, differential sensitivity as well as differential incorporation may have been involved in producing the temporary alteration of lateral root production.
Barriers to participation in clinical trials of rural older adult cancer survivors: A qualitative study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Currently, 64% of cancer survivors are aged 65+. Older cancer survivors have unique complications after chemotherapy and are often excluded from cancer clinical trials. Although there is research on barriers to clinical trial participation of older adult cancer survivors, to date no research has explored barriers to clinical trial participation unique to rural older adult cancer survivors. Methods This study is a secondary qualitative analysis from a study exploring survivorship challenges of rural older adults. Eligible participants were rural residents over age 65 who have completed curative‐intent chemotherapy in the past 12 months. Participants ( n = 27) completed open‐ended semi‐structured interviews that included questions on barriers to clinical trial participation. Transcripts were coded independently by two coders using thematic analysis. We have adhered to the standards for reporting qualitative research. Findings Participants reported a variety of barriers that included limited knowledge and fear about clinical trials, transportation challenges, their physicians not informing them of clinical trials, and thinking they are too old to participate in clinical trials. However, participants also reported facilitators to participating in clinical trials, including acknowledging benefits to their own health and society, and understanding the importance of clinical trials. Conclusion Rural older cancer survivors face numerous interpersonal, intrapersonal, and organizational barriers to clinical trial participation. Aging‐ and location‐sensitive interventions that focus on patients, their caregivers, and health care providers may lead to improved participation of rural older adult survivors into clinical trials.
Electroencephalogram Fractral Dimension as a Measure of Depth of Anesthesia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This paper proposes a combined method including adaptive segmentation and Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD) of electroencephalograms (EEG) to monitor depth of anesthesia (DOA). The EEG data was captured in both ICU and operating room and different anesthetic drugs, including propofol and isoflurane were used. Due to the non- stationary nature of EEG signal, adaptive segmentation methods seem to have better results. The HFD of a single channel EEG was computed through adaptive windowing methods consist of adaptive variance and auto correlation function (ACF) based methods. We have compared the results of fixed and adaptive windowing in different methods of calculating HFD in order to estimate DOA. Prediction probability (P^) was used as a measure of correlation between the predictors and BIS index to evaluate our proposed methods. The results show that HFD increases with increasing BIS index. In ICU, all of the methods reveal better performance than in other groups. In both ICU and operating room, the results indicate no obvious superiority in calculating HFD through adaptive segmentation.
Seasonal sensitivity of the eddy-driven jet to tropospheric heating in an idealized atmospheric general circulation model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A dry dynamical core is used to investigate the seasonal sensitivity of the circulation to two idealized thermal forcings–a tropical upper tropospheric forcing, and a polar lower tropospheric forcing. The circulation is modified using a set of perpetual simulations to simulate each month of the year, while the thermal forcings are held constant. The circu- lation responses to tropical warming and polar warming are studied separately, and then the response to the simultaneously applied forcings is analyzed. Finally, the seasonality of the internal variability of the circulation is explored as a possible mechanism to explain the seasonality of the responses. The primary results of these experiments are: 1) There is a seasonal sensitivity in the circulation response to both the tropical and polar forcings. 2) The jet position response to each forcing is greatest in the transition seasons, and the jet speed response exhibits a seasonal sensitivity to both forcings although the seasonal sensi- tivities are not the same. 3) The circulation response is nonlinear in the transition seasons, but approximately linear in the summer and winter months. 4) The internal variability of the unforced circulation exhibits a seasonal sensitivity that may partly explain the seasonal sensitivity of the forced response. The seasonality of the internal variability of daily MERRA reanalysis data is compared to that of the model, demonstrating that the broad conclusions drawn from this idealized modeling study may be useful for understanding the jet response to anthropogenic forcing.
mTOR activity is necessary for cytokine-mediated TBET expression in TLR-stimulated B cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A recently described subset of B cells – called age associated B cells (ABCs) – is characterized by the increased expression of TBET. While known to be particularly relevant in the settings of aging and autoimmunity, the cell intrinsic signaling pathways leading to the development of the ABC phenotype are not well-characterized. Since the mTOR pathway is a known regulator of TBET expression in other cell types, we examined its role in B cells stimulated with TLR agonists. Our findings indicate that TLR9 (CpG) or TLR7 (Cl097) ligands alone activate mTOR, as evidenced by S6 phosphorylation, but do not yield robust TBET upregulation without concomitant cytokine stimulation. Indeed, IFNγ and IL-21 induced TBET expression is lost in response to rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) treatment. This indicates that mTOR activity is necessary but not sufficient for TBET expression. The implication that mTOR could be a node for integration of signals downstream of TLR and cytokines to regulate TBET expression in B cells merits further investigation, and might provide novel mechanistic insights into various B cell differentiation programs.
[Analysis of Revision Content and Evaluation Attentions on Guidance for Registration of Metallic Bone Plate Internal Fixation System (Revised in 2021)].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study briefly introduces the revised content of Guidance for Registration of Metallic Bone Plate Internal Fixation System (Revised in 2021) compared to the original guidance, mainly including the principles of dividing registration unit, main performance indicators of standard specification, physical and mechanical performance research, and clinical evaluation. At the same time, in order to provide some references for the registration of metallic bone plate internal fixation system, this study analyzes the main concerns in the review process of these products based on the accumulation of experience combining with the current review requirements.