jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Current trends on applications of PMUs in distribution systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Distribution systems are evolving at a high pace largely due to the proliferation of DER, the growing utilization of DA, AMI, DMS, and the expected propagation of PEVs. This evolution is also leading to new challenges, for instance large penetration of intermittent DG can lead to noticeable impacts on distribution feeders. The coordinated implementation of Smart Grid technologies is called upon to handle these challenges. This paper explores the contribution that PMUs can provide to handling these challenges by examining recent research results on applications of synchrophasors in distribution systems. This review includes descriptions of representative works in a wide range of applications designed for smart distribution feeders, and some developments originally proposed for transmission level, but with equivalent applicability to distribution systems.
Carcinogenic effect of N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine, a postulated proximate pancreatic carcinogen in Syrian hamsters.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

N-Nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine (HPOP) proved to be a potent carcinogen in Syrian golden hamsters. The compound is an in vivo metabolite of N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine, N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP), and N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine and a postulated proximate pancreatic carcinogen in hamsters. As with BOP, HPOP induced a higher incidence of pancreatic ductular adenocarcinomas than did N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine and N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine, and these neoplasms showed a great tendency for invasion and metastasis. Also, HPOP induced tumors of the forestomach, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, and vagina (as did BOP). However, HPOP [unlike BOP, but like N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine and N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine] led to tumor development in the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, intestine, Harderian gland, lips, and flank organ. The possible mechanisms of HPOP carcinogenicity are discussed.
Energiewende in Context of the Open Door Policy: How the Wave of Syrian Refugees Affects the Germany’s Energy Requirements

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper aims at analyzing the impact of immigration of Syrian asylum seekers on the German energy market. Germany has been a leader of the energy transition, and has been effectively shaping European Union’s environmental policies. The unprecedented influx of the newcomers following the chancellor Merkel’s political move to open the boarders challenges feasibility of this project. This study evaluates the challenge from the supply and demand side of the energy market. It does so through the thorough examination of available data, government documents and literature to analyze historical developments and current implementation of the energy transition, together with Syrian impact on the energy market. The paper argues that although Syrian asylum seekers constitute only a small fraction of the whole group of incomers to Germany, the analysis of their impact suggests that usage of coal in the energy mix should not be expected to fall soon.
Genome Architecture and Phenotypic Plasticity: Is the Lethal (2) Essential for Life cluster epigenetically regulated during ovary activation in the honeybee, Apis mellifera?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of an organism to alter its phenotype, without altering its genome, in response to environmental cues. There is mounting evidence it is involved in human development, where it has been implicated in the risk of developing noncommunicable adult diseases. Studying the molecular basis of this in mammals can be difficult, particularly separating out single influences from complex environmental interactions. The honey bee, Apis mellifera, provides a useful model in which to study plasticity because of its well-controlled, easily triggered plastic responses. Queen bees are normally the only reproductively active females within a hive, but workers can activate their ovaries in response to the loss of the queen. During this process, over a third of the genome shows altered gene expression, implying that coordinated gene regulation within a chromatin domain may play a role. We have identified a candidate cluster for investigating this hypothesis, the Lethal (2) Essential for Life (L(2)efl) group. The genes of which are down-regulated as the workers undergo ovary activation. The findings of this study show that the original boundaries of the chromatin domain had been underestimated, and that the CTCF insulator element binding sites which flank the genes of the Lethal(2)efl cluster, LOC100576174 and Gmap, appear to be the boundaries of the coordinated regulation. All of the genes within these sites show co-ordinated regulation, with expression occurring in the terminal filament cells of the ovary in queens, workers and active workers. As ovary activation is a phenotypically plastic response to an environmental cue, it was hypothesised that the mechanisms which underlie it are epigenetic in nature, with previous work identifying the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 as likely playing a role in ovary activation. Potential binding sites for the ecdysteroid-regulated transcription factors BR-C Z1 and Z4 were found for all of the genes within the CTCF binding sites, and none directly outside it (LOC411452 and LOC412824). The proposed model for the coordinated regulation of the genes within the chromatin domain containing the L(2)efl group is through an interaction of both histone modifications and ecdysteroid-regulated transcription factors. This work provides evidence for large scale, coordinated changes in gene expression leading to phenotypic plasticity in response to an environmental influence.
Evaluation of semen quality brought from Kundasale as replacement of locally produced semen for artificial insemination in Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Artificial Insemination (AI) with frozen semen has been proved as the most potent method for rapid genetic improvement in domestic animals. While the use of AI with fresh semen is limited by the restricted period of sperm viability, this limitation may be overcome by the storage of frozen semen. Recently AI center of Thirunelvely is being advised to use the deep-frozen semen processed from Kundasale of Central Province (CP) for AI purposes. Thus the present study was undertaken to compare the quality of locally produced stored semen (LPS) and semen brought from Kundasale in deep-frozen condition (KDFS) by assessing the viability of them as the prominent factor that determine the successful of AI service . A batch of LPS and KDFS was obtained from the AI center at Thirunelvely. LPS was diluted with 2.9% sodium citrate buffer solution to evaluate the individual progressive motility and sperm velocity, sperm morphology, and acrosome integrity. Sperm smear was prepared by using 1% eosin and 0.75% Giemsa stain to identify intact and reacted acrosome and sperm abnormalities respectively. Thawed semen was also assessed for motility examination, percentage of intact acrosome, viability and morphology. Paired‘t’ test was performed to compare the means of the viability of LPS and KDFS (P<0.05). Even though the viability and sperm velocity of KDFS (84.57 ± 0.9957%, 24.75 ± 1.887 μm/s) was lower than LPS (96.62 ± 0.7837%, 26.00 ± 1.581 μm/s), its viability is enough for successful conception rate. Therefore usage of KDFS instead of LPS won’t affect the successful rate of AI service in Jaffna Peninsula. Ving. Journal of Science 2012, Vol. 11, No. 1, 19-25
2037. Epidemiology and Preventability of Hospital Onset Bacteremia and Fungemia in two Hospitals in India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is a widely accepted quality measure. However, studies from the United States indicate that NHSN reportable CLABSIs account for less than 20% of all hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB, i.e., any positive blood culture obtained at least 3 calendar days after hospital admission) events and about 66% of all HOB events are potentially preventable. The incidence and overall preventability of HOB is unknown in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study evaluated the epidemiology and preventability of HOB in two hospitals in India. Methods Six months data on all consecutive blood cultures processed in two hospitals (Hospital A- 8.16.2020 to 2.15.2021; Hospital B- 1.1.2021 to 6.30.2021) were collected prospectively to calculate HOB and CLABSI incidence. Correlation between HOB and CLABSI rates was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation. Medical records of 300 consecutive HOB events were retrospectively reviewed to determine the source and preventability of HOB utilizing a structured guide developed for the study. Results Among 3,558 hospitalized patients from whom blood cultures were obtained, 10.4% developed HOB with 409 unique HOB events (HOB incidence: 2.87 per 1000 patient-days). Only 15% (59 of 409) of HOB events were reported as CLABSI as per hospital CLABSI surveillance programs. The CLABSI rate was 4.4 per 1000 central line-days. There was a moderation correlation (r=0.51; p=0.07) between HOB and CLABSI rates. Among the 300 HOB events for which medical records were reviewed, the most common organism isolated was Klebsiella pneumoniae and 75% of K. pneumoniae were carbapenem resistant (Figure 1). The most common source of HOB was CLABSI (26.3%) (Figure 2). Fifty-two percent of all HOB events and 45% of HOB events not attributable to contaminants were potentially preventable (Figure 3). CLABSIs accounted for 69% of non-contaminant HOB preventable events. Conclusion We found that 69% of the non-contaminant related HOB preventable events were due to CLABSI. Prevention efforts in these hospitals could focus on CLABSI to reduce HOB rates while additional studies are performed to better understand the epidemiology of HOB in LMICs. Microorganisms identified from 300 Hospital Onset Bacteremia and Fungemia Events in Two Hospitals in India. Source of Hospital Onset Bacteremia and Fungemia Events in Two Hospitals in India (n=300). Preventability Rating Source of Hospital Onset Bacteremia and Fungemia events in Two Hospitals in India (n=300). Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.
New distribution records for 48 species of Polyporaceae in western Canada

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Forty-eight species of Polyporaceae are reported for the first time from the four western Provinces and Yukon and District of Mackenzie of the Northwest Territories. The number of species reported are from Manitoba 11, Saskatchewan 8, Alberta 20, British Columbia 10, Yukon Territory 4, and Northwest Territories (Mackenzie Dist.) 13.
Design and Analysis of Dual-k Spacer CombFET for Digital and Synaptic Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper delves into the burgeoning realm of CombFETs, offering a comprehensive analysis of their structural design, simulation methodologies, and performance characteristics. With a focus on addressing the evolving demands of semiconductor technology, particularly in the sub-5-nanometer nodes. This study explores the efficacy of CombFETs as viable successors to conventional transistor architectures. Through detailed simulations, key geometric parameters such as interbridge width ( ${\mathrm {W}}_{\mathrm {IB}}$ ) and height ( ${\mathrm {H}}_{\mathrm {IB}}$ ) are investigated, revealing their profound impact on device performance metrics. Around 89.79% increment in average power and a $1.805\times $ increase in switching current ( ${\mathrm{I}}_{\mathrm {SC}}$ ) is noticed when HIB is varied from 10 nm to 30 nm for Nand gate. Moreover, CombFET based LIF neuron is designed and performance is analyzed at different values of HIB. Circuit-level analyses further demonstrate the compatibility and effectiveness of CombFETs in practical electronic systems, showcasing their potential for driving advancements in computing and neuromorphic architectures. This study underscores the pivotal role of CombFETs in pushing the boundaries of semiconductor technology, offering insights into their optimization and integration into next-generation electronic devices.
Fullerenes as Photosensitizers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Photodynamic action is the action of a sensitizer, light and oxygen on biological materials. It can be mediated by electron or hydrogen-atom transfer or by singlet oxygen. Fullerenes (C60 and C70)are excellent photosensitizers for both types of reaction, as are derivatives, dihydrofullerenes (DHFs). A DHF bound to a deoxynucleotide and hybridized to complementary DNA damages guanines near the DHF, but the reaction appears to involve electron transfer rather than singlet oxygen.
Ways to improve the efficiency of current assets in agriculture

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Introduction. The overall economic efficiency of the enterprise depends on the efficiency of current assets. The nega-tive impact of the financial crisis is forcing agricultural enterprises to constantly improve the process of current assets man-agement. The purpose of the research is to develop ways to improve the efficiency of current assets in the activities of agricul-tural enterprises. Results. The main tasks for ensuring the efficient use of current assets in the activities of agricultural enterprises are identified. The change consequences in the turnover rate of current assets have been established. The directions of efficiency increase of formation and use of current assets are resulted. Methods of accelerating current assets by stages of their cycle are described. Actions aimed at increasing the efficiency level in the use of current assets are identified. The measures influenc-ing the increase of current assets profitability are given. Factors influencing the effective use of current assets of agricultural enterprises are characterized and systematized. Emphasis is placed on the need to identify deviations by type of current assets and develop measures to optimize them. Reserves for accelerating the turnover of current assets are determined, taking into account the stage of their cycle in terms of the object of influence and the result obtained. The existence of a deficit of current assets in the enterprise activity of agricultural branch is proved. Emphasis is placed on the need to implement a financial policy in agriculture aimed at the optimal formation and use of current assets. The mechanism role of effective use of current assets in maintaining the level of financial stability and solvency of agricultural enterprises is substantiated. Conclusions. The use of current assets depends on the influence of a significant number of factors. One of the key fac-tors is the work of the accounting department at the enterprise. Proper organization of the formation and use of current assets in the activity process depends on information support. Key words: agricultural enterprise, current assets, mechanism of effective use of current assets, financial stability, ef-ficiency.
Posthumanism: Creation of ‘New Men’ Through Technological Innovation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The posthumanist project proposes directing the evolution of human beings by promoting their improvement through technological means to create a variety of entities that will have few or no common characteristics with current humans. Its agenda is extremely broad and this study mostly addresses enhancement of the human organism through genetic modification techniques. An overview of posthumanist values and a brief discussion of its philosophical background provide a framework to understand its ideals. Genetics and ethics are employed to assess some claims of the posthumanist program of creating evolved humans; in particular, the capabilities and limitations of techniques for somatic and germline genome editing. Consequences of the creation of posthumans are discussed in relation to accepted current human beings and values. It is concluded that the posthumanist program rests on a large number of hypotheses without sufficient evidence and with little or no consideration of the consequences of its implementation.
Photon-by-Photon Hidden Markov Model Analysis for\nMicrosecond Single-Molecule FRET Kinetics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The function of biological\nmacromolecules involves large-scale\nconformational dynamics spanning multiple time scales, from microseconds\nto seconds. Such conformational motions, which may involve whole domains\nor subunits of a protein, play a key role in allosteric regulation.\nThere is an urgent need for experimental methods to probe the fastest\nof these motions. Single-molecule fluorescence experiments can in\nprinciple be used for observing such dynamics, but there is a lack\nof analysis methods that can extract the maximum amount of information\nfrom the data, down to the microsecond time scale. To address this\nissue, we introduce H<sup>2</sup>MM, a maximum likelihood estimation\nalgorithm for photon-by-photon analysis of single-molecule fluorescence\nresonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments. H<sup>2</sup>MM is based\non analytical estimators for model parameters, derived using the Baum–Welch\nalgorithm. An efficient and effective method for the calculation of\nthese estimators is introduced. H<sup>2</sup>MM is shown to accurately\nretrieve the reaction times from ∼1 s to ∼10 μs\nand even faster when applied to simulations of freely diffusing molecules.\nWe further apply this algorithm to single-molecule FRET data collected\nfrom Holliday junction molecules and show that at low magnesium concentrations\ntheir kinetics are as fast as ∼10<sup>4</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>. The new algorithm is particularly suitable for experiments on freely\ndiffusing individual molecules and is readily incorporated into existing\nanalysis packages. It paves the way for the broad application of single-molecule\nfluorescence to study ultrafast functional dynamics of biomolecules.
Psychological impact of exercise in women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant therapy: What is the optimal dose needed?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

9074 Background: Several meta-analyses have examined the role of exercise interventions in improving psychological outcomes in cancer survivors but most did not focus on adjuvant therapy period and did not investigate the optimal dose of exercise needed. Methods: The present meta-analysis examines the impact of exercise interventions delivered at this particular period on fatigue, anxiety, depression and quality-of-life (QoL) as well as dose-response relationships between volume of prescribed exercise and these psychological outcomes. Randomized controlled trials that proposed an exercise intervention to breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were systematically identified and coded. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) of psychological outcomes were weighted by the inverse of their variances to obtain a pooled estimate using random effects model. Linear and quadratic regressions were carried out to explore dose-response relationships. Results: In total, 17 studies involving 1380 participants and 20 exercise interventions were included. Intervention subjects significantly reduced their fatigue and depression levels showing pooled effect sizes (EF) and their associated 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of -0.28 [95%CI: -0.54; -0.03] and -0.28 [95%CI: -0.46; -0.09] respectively. Levels of anxiety also appeared to be reduced but pooled estimate did not reach significance (p=0.06). Significantly increased QoL was observed: EF=0.34 [95%CI: 0.07; 0.62] favouring intervention. Consistent and significant inverse associations of weekly and total volume of prescribed exercise were observed with fatigue (F test: p=0.04, R²=0.19 and p=0.009, R²=0.26 respectively) and QoL (F test: p=0.01, R²=0.14 and p=0.02, R²=0.29 respectively), implying that SMDs magnitude decreased as exercise dose increased. Conclusions: Exercise intervention enhanced fatigue, depression and QoL in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant therapy. Prescription of relatively low doses of exercise (<12 MET.h per week) consisting in approximately 90-120 min of weekly moderate physical exercise seems more efficacious in improving fatigue and QoL than higher doses.
Hybrid modelling of nitrogen removal by biofiltration using high-frequent operational data

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT In this research, a parallel hybrid model is presented for the simulation of nitrogen removal by submerged biofiltration of a very large-size wastewater treatment plant. This hybrid model combines a mechanistic and a machine learning model to produce accurate predictions of water quality variables. The models are calibrated and validated using detailed and quality-controlled operational data collected over a period of 3.5 months in 2020. The mechanistic model is a modified activated sludge model that describes the biological, physical and chemical processes taking place in a biofilm reactor based on the domain knowledge of these processes. A three-layer feed-forward artificial neural network with a rectified linear activation function that aims to reduce the mechanistic model's residual error and then correct its output. The results show how the hybrid model outperforms and significantly reduces the size of the mechanistic model's prediction errors of the effluent nitrate concentration from a relative mean error of 12% (mechanistic model) to 2% (hybrid model) during training. The error on nitrate simulations increases to 8% during hybrid model testing, still significantly lower than the error of the mechanistic model. These results support future operational applications of hybrid biofilm models, such as in digital twins.
Iron in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Noninvasive Imaging with Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Iron is considered to play a key role in the development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In particular, iron that accumulates in myeloid cells after the blood-brain barrier (BBB) seals may contribute to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and eventually neurodegeneration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well-established tool for the non-invasive study of MS. In recent years, an advanced MRI method, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), has made it possible to study brain iron through in vivo imaging. Moreover, immunohistochemical investigations have helped defining the lesional and cellular distribution of iron in MS brain tissue. Imaging studies in MS patients and of brain tissue combined with histological studies have provided important insights into the role of iron in inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS.
The Nexus Between AI Self-Efficacy and Attitude Towards AI of University Students in Davao City as Moderated by Sex

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study quantitatively explores how sex moderates the relationship between AI self-efficacy and attitudes toward AI among university students in Davao City, Philippines. Data were obtained online via google forms using tailored questionnaires, with respondents chosen using stratified random sampling. The measurement model was tested for validity and reliability, and the constructs were defined using descriptive statistics. To evaluate the suggested moderation model, a moderation analysis was conducted using smartpls 4.0’s standard bootstrapping technique. The results showed that the constructs were valid and reliable, with university students exhibiting modest levels of ai self-efficacy and attitude toward ai. Furthermore, the study found that sex had a significant moderating role in the relationship between AI self-efficacy and attitude toward AI.