jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of long-term potentiation: EPSP/spike dissociation, intradendritic recordings, and glutamate sensitivity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Synaptic efficacy is modified following a brief train of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) to a cell's afferent fibers (long-term potentiation; LTP). An alteration in the postsynaptic response to endogenous neurotransmitter, as a result of an increase in the number of postsynaptic receptors, has been proposed (Baudry and Lynch, 1980). We tested this hypothesis in the CA1 hippocampus by intracellularly recording the postsynaptic response to localized application of glutamate before and after induction of LTP. When LTP was produced, there was no corresponding change in neuronal sensitivity to glutamate application. These findings are not consistent with the hypothesis that HFS of fibers in CA1 stratum radiatum induces an increase in the number of postsynaptic glutamate receptors in CA1 pyramidal cells. Previous reports concerning LTP have indicated a dissociation between the degree of potentiation in the population EPSP and population spike. Simultaneous recordings of the CA 1 population EPSP and population spike in hippocampal slices confirmed that the degree of potentiation of the population spike was not predicted by the degree of potentiation in the population EPSP. Intradendritic impalements were obtained to more accurately assess changes in the intracellular EPSP following HFS. When the population EPSP was potentiated, there was also a potentiated intradendritic EPSP. When the population spike was potentiated following HFS, however, the intradendritic EPSP was often unchanged; in the same cell, there was an increased probability of action potential discharge to stimulation which was originally (i.e., pre-HFS) subthreshold for spike initiation. These results indicate that the EPSP (intracellular or extracellular) may be potentiated following HFS, but this potentiation is not a prerequisite for, or a correlation of, potentiation in the population spike. Furthermore, these findings suggest that LTP is composed of 2 independent components--a synaptic component and an EPSP-to-spike coupling component.
Efficacy of a self‐help parenting intervention for parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adjunct to usual treatment—Small‐scale randomized controlled trial

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background Multimodal intervention incorporating psychosocial intervention and medication is recommended for school‐aged children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigates the adjunctive benefit of the self‐help version of the New Forest Parenting Programme (NFPP‐SH) when offered in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) compared with TAU alone. Method Fifty‐two children, receiving medication for ADHD as part of their usual care, were randomized to receive NFPP‐SH + TAU or TAU alone. Results When used in adjunct to TAU, NFPP‐SH may have beneficial effects for parenting efficacy ( F = 6.28, p = 0.02), child social performance in school and negative comments made by parents during a recorded speech sample. However, the self‐help intervention did not have any additional effect on child behaviour. Conclusions This study provides further support for self‐help interventions as potentially low‐intensity and cost‐effective alternatives to therapist‐led parenting interventions. The findings require replication in larger samples before any firm conclusions about adjunctive efficacy of NFPP‐SH can be drawn but underline the potential for self‐help within routine treatment ( ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02174952).
A Study on the Symbolism of a Spider

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

내담자들은 모래상자 안에 꾸밀 피겨를 고를 때 무의식이 함장하고 있는 의미를 투사할 수 있는 상징적 의미를 지닌 피겨들을 골라 놓으며, 무의식을 거듭 의식화하는 과정에서 치료적 의식 과정을 거치게 된다. 그러므로 모래놀이치료에서 개인의 고유함을 나타내는 피겨, 즉 사물들은 어떤 상징성이 있는지를 이해하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 인류와 함께 지구상에 존재했던 거미의 생태학적 특징을 파악해보고, 여러 나라 문화의 민담, 설화, 신화, 속담, 종교 등에 내포된 문화적 신념을 토대로 문헌에 나타난 자료를 수집하여 분석 및 분류를 통해 거미의 상징성을 확충하여, 연령대와 심리적 과제가 서로 다른 내담자들의 모래놀이에 나타난 거미의 상징적 의미를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 많은 상징이 그러하듯 거미 역시 한 가지 특정한 심상이나 이미지를 상징하는 것이 아니라 여러 가지 다양한 상징의 의미를 지니고 있으며, 긍정적, 부정적인 양면성을 함장하고 있음을 발견하였다. 첫 번째 상징으로는 신성을 나타냈으며, 두 번째로는 실을 만드는 거미의 습성에서 유래된 여러 신화와 종교에서 지혜로운 생명의 창조자를 상징하였다. 세 번째로는 보호와 행운을 뜻하는 수호신과 보호자를 상징하였으며, 네 번째는 운명, 다섯 번째는 전령 및 길흉예측, 여섯 번째는 기쁨, 일곱 번째는 인내, 마지막 여덟 번째는 거미의 혐오스러운 겉모습과 거미줄이라는 함정을 만들어 곤충을 잡아먹는 습성에서 부정적인 악과 악마를 상징함을 알게 되었다.When choosing a figure to decorate in a sandbox, clients select figures with symbolic meanings that can project the meaning of the unconscious’s commander, and go through a therapeutic consciousness process in the process of re-consciousing the unconscious. Therefore, it is very important to understand the symbolism of figures, that is, objects that represent the individual’s uniqueness in sandplay therapy. In this study, we investigate the ecological characteristics of spiders that existed on Earth with humans, and analyze and classify data by collecting data from literature based on cultural beliefs contained in folk tales, folk tales, myths, proverbs, and religions of various countries. Through this, the symbolic meaning of spiders was expanded, and the symbolic meaning of spiders appeared in the sand play of clients of different ages and psychological tasks was examined. As a result, it was found that spiders, like many symbols, do not symbolize one specific image or image, but have the meaning of various symbols and have both positive and negative sides. The first symbolizes divinity, and the second symbolizes the creator of wise life in various myths and religions derived from the habit of thread-making spiders. The third symbolizes the guardian deity and guardian, which means protection and good luck, the fourth is destiny, the fifth is the messenger and evil prediction, the sixth is joy, the seventh is patience, and the last eighth is the disgusting appearance of the spider. It was discovered that the habit of eating insects by creating a trap called a spider web and a symbol of negative evil and evil.
Effects of Emergency Transfer Coordination Center on Length of Stay of Critically Ill Patients in the Emergency Department

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Critically ill patients are frequently transferred from other hospitals to the emergency departments (ED) of tertiary hospitals. Due to the unforeseen transfer, the ED length of stay (LOS) of the patient is likely to be prolonged in addition to other potentially adverse effects. In this study we sought to confirm whether the establishment of an organized unit — the Emergency Transfer Coordination Center (ETCC) — to systematically coordinate emergency transfers would be effective in reducing the ED LOS of transferred, critically ill patients. Methods: The present study is a retrospective observational study focusing on patients who were transferred from other hospitals and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the ED in a tertiary hospital located in northwestern Seoul, the capital city of South Korea, from January 2019 – December 2020. The exposure variable of the study was ETCC approval before transfer, and ED LOS was the primary outcome. We used propensity score matching for comparison between the group with ETCC approval and the control group. Results: Included in the study were 1,097 patients admitted to the ICU after being transferred from other hospitals, of whom 306 (27.9%) were transferred with ETCC approval. The median ED LOS in the ETCC-approved group was significantly reduced to 277 minutes compared to 385 minutes in the group without ETCC approval. The ETCC had a greater effect on reducing evaluation time than boarding time, which was the same for populations with different clinical features. Conclusion: An ETCC can be effective in systematically reducing the ED LOS of critically ill patients who are transferred from other hospitals to tertiary hospitals that are experiencing severe crowding.
The Lens Capsule

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A study has been made of the carbohydrate units present in the anterior and posterior portions of the lens capsules of calf and cow eyes. Digestion of the capsules with purified collagenase resulted in the solubilization of more than 90% of the carbohydrate and peptide portions. Further digestion with Pronase was employed to obtain the carbohydrate units in the form of glycopeptides with a minimum number of amino acids attached. Fractionation of the collagenase-Pronase digests by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography permitted the isolation of glycopeptides containing a glucosylgalactose disaccharide linked to hydroxylysine, glycopeptides containing heteropolysaccharide units, and some incompletely digested material believed to contain both of these types of carbohydrate units. Chemical (periodate oxidation, methylation, and graded acid hydrolysis) and enzymatic characterization of the glycopeptides containing glucose and galactose, as well as of the disaccharide isolated from them by partial acid hydrolysis, indicated that the structure of the disaccharide unit is 2-O-α-d-glucosyl-d-galactose and that it is linked by a β-glycosidic bond to the hydroxyl group of hydroxylysine. Measurement of the number of such disaccharide units was achieved on the amino acid analyzer as glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine after alkaline hydrolysis of the lens capsules. The migration of the glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine from the lens capsules was identical, both by ion exchange and paper chromatography, with that of the glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine previously obtained from the gomerular basement membrane. The lens capsules were found to have a large number of hydroxylysine-linked disaccharide units (37 per 1000 amino acid residues for the calf anterior capsule and 45 per 1000 for cow anterior capsule). All of the glucose and a large portion of the galactose of the lens capsule was accounted for in the form of this disaccharide unit. Approximately 85% of the hydroxylysine residues of the capsules were involved in these carbohydrate linkages. The glycopeptides containing the heteropolysaccharide units were excluded from Sephadex G-25, penetrated Sephadex G-50, and contained galactose, mannose, hexosamines, sialic acids, and fucose. Their composition and behavior during gel filtration was similar to the glycopeptides containing the heteropolysaccharide unit from the gomerular basement membrane. The ratio, on a weight basis, of disaccharide units to heteropolysaccharide units varied with age and position in the capsule, being 69:31 for the calf anterior capsule, 63:37 for the calf posterior capsule, 85:15 for the cow anterior capsule, and 77:23 for the cow posterior capsule.
Non-Covalent Interactions: Complexes of Guanidinium with DNA and RNA Nucleobases

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Considering that guanidine-based derivatives are good DNA minor groove binders, we have theoretically studied, using the Polarizable Continuum model mimicking water solvation, the complexes formed by the biologically relevant guanidinium cation and the DNA and RNA nucleobases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil). The interactions established within these complexes both by hydrogen bonds and by cation-π interactions have been analyzed by means of the Atoms in Molecules and Natural Bond Orbital approaches. Moreover, maps of electron density difference have been produced to understand the cation-π complexes. Finally, the NICS and three-dimensional NICS maps of the cation-π complexes have been studied to understand the effect of the guanidinium cation on the aromaticity of the nucleobases.
Self-calibrating photonic nulling systems for exoplanet imaging and spectroscopy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

High Contrast Imaging systems (HCIs) must simultaneously optimize contrast, throughput, inner working angle, and angular resolution. HCIs must also be resilient to residual wavefront errors (WFEs), which is achieved by coronagraph design (low sensitivity to WFEs), active control (WFEs are suppressed) and self-calibration (the contribution of WFEs to residual starlight is accurately known and numerically removed). We establish a process for designing optimal HCIs considering resilience to WFEs, from which we derive fundamental performance limits in the presence of wavefront errors. We show that a discretized version of an optimal HCI system can be realized as a photonic nulling chip (PNC), an approach providing more design flexibility than is accessible with coronagraph masks. We demonstrate on-sky self-calibration capability with the PNC-based GLINT instrument at the Subaru Telescope, and discuss future developments for ground and space-based HCI.
Plasma Wall Interactions of Fusion Devices

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

核融合装置とくに磁場閉じこめ型の装置においては,放電時間が粒子の閉じこめ時間の10乃至は1,000倍以上となることが予想されるので,プラズマ・壁相互作用は極めて重要な問題となる。壁に入射してくる粒子にはイオンと中性粒子の二種類があるが,入射エネルギーや入射粒子束については測定とモデルの検討が行われて段々と様子があきらかになって来た。スパッタリングとリサイクリングは現在の問題であるが,前者はプラズマの汚染による放射損失の増大をもたらし,後者は燃料粒子の補給に関係する。プラズマ・壁相互作用による壁の損耗は将来の炉工学の最重要課題の一つである。
OcaliFlash - Live at Cogan's, Norfolk, Va. April 27th, 2002

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

OcaliFlash - Live at Cogan's, Norfolk, Va. April 27th, 2002 plus 2 bonus songs from rehearsals all songs Callan/Gentry except tracks 5 (Callen/Gentry/Henretta) and 8 (Henretta) Mike Gentry : vocals Scott Callan : guitar David Henretta : guitar Tony Rife : bass Adrian Aldana : drums tracklisting 01. Turpentine 02. Tin Soldiers 03. Parade 04. Crosswalk Judas 05. Bottlecaps 06. Sunrise in Sarajevo 07. Invasion Force 08. Bonus Rehearsal Song One 09. Bonus Rehearsal Song Two copyrighted 2007 fantastic show, fantastic band, fantastic people
Differentiation of neuronal growth cones: specialization of filopodial tips for adhesive interactions.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Adhesive contacts made by filopodia of developing neurons are important in neurite growth and in the formation of synaptic junctions. In the present work, filopodial interactions of cultured chicken retina neurons were studied by using video-enhanced contrast, differential interference contrast (VEC-DIC) microscopy and the high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM). Use of the HVEM to examine whole mounts of fixed cells showed that filopodia in older cultures developed an appearance that might be expected of nascent synapses, becoming enlarged at their endings and accumulating organelles resembling synaptic vesicles. VEC-DIC microscopy, used to observe the motility and adhesive properties of filopodia in living cells, showed there was a particularly high affinity between filopodia tips. Contacting filopodia typically repositioned themselves so they could attach at a tip-to-tip position, occasionally bending as much as 90 degrees to achieve this preferred orientation. Interacting filopodia frequently remained together as they pushed or pulled on each other, moved laterally together, or stretched tightly and underwent intense vibratory movements. Such linked motility occurred even when apparent gaps existed between the filopodia. Examination of these gaps with the HVEM revealed filamentous structures linking the apposed membranes. The filamentous links were 10-13 nm in diameter and 30-100 nm long. Although it has not yet been established that the filaments reflect the native configuration of the interconnecting materials, the structures seem likely to be associated with the strongly adhesive behavior of the filopodial tips. The possible significance of these structural and functional properties of filopodia tips to axon growth and synapse formation is discussed.
[Therapy of isolated acute laryngitis with fusafungin. A phase IV study].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Four-hundred and eighty-four patients with acute laryngitis were examined before and after treatment with fusafungin under phase IV conditions. After one week of therapy such complaints as hoarseness, sore throat and difficulties in swallowing were improved in about 90% of the patients, while the leading complaint of "hoarseness" had disappeared in 60%. Inflammatory findings, documented by a physician, showed comparable results. An analysis of subgroups (ineffectively treated patients and patients with long-lasting symptoms and complaints) shows that fusafungin was effective therapeutically for treating for acute laryngitis. This study also shows that the generally accepted high rate of spontaneous recovery does not exist.
Efﬁcient synthesis of highly substituted pyrroles based on the tandem reactions: intermolecular amination and Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamidation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A novel and efficient method for construction of polysubstituted pyrroles, which included an intermolecular amination and Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamidation, was developed. It was found that the reactions gave high yields (55–92%).
ADULT LITERACY IN EUROPE AS GUIDELINE FOR LIFELONG LEARNING POLICY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Adult literacy and its promotion are high on the political agenda in many countries. Every country needs to ensure that its society has a sufficient level of education, that the knowledge and skills acquired in the education system meet the demands of the labour market, and that adults have the opportunity and motivation to continuously improve their skills in the context of the changing world of work. The country's commitment to lifelong learning in Europe is also guided by the European Commission's objectives and indicators for monitoring lifelong learning. Therefore, research on adult literacy, the comparative analysis of its results between different countries and the contextualisation of these results become guidelines for the formulation and implementation of lifelong learning policies. The aim of the research is to compare and group adult literacy in different European countries. The research draws on data from the International Survey of Adult Skills OECD PIAAC. European countries that participated in PIAAC cycle 1 were selected. Three aspects of literacy were analysed: Reading Literacy, Numeracy and Problem Solving in a Technology Rich Environment. The analysis revealed that three groups of countries can be distinguished in the analysis of adult literacy in Europe: Countries with high literacy rates, countries with literacy rates close to the OECD average, and countries that are below the OECD average. Higher adult literacy rates are related to long-term and consistent lifelong learning strategies implemented by countries, which have led to the creation of the necessary adult education infrastructure and the provision of learning services that meet the needs of both learners and the labour market.
Three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography for spatial evaluation of pulmonary vein (from the MAGYAR-Path Study).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Evaluation of pulmonary veins (PVs) has a significant role in the modern electrophysiology (1). Three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) is a new clinical tool for ventricular and atrial chamber quantifications (2). We present a 25-year-old female patient with hereditary long QT syndrome who was examined by 3DSTE. She was recruited into the MAGYAR-Path Study (Motion Analysis of the heart and Great vessels bY three-dimensionAl speckle-tRacking echocardiography in Pathological cases). For creation of a 3D model of PV, several adjustments were performed during 3DSTE. Firstly, left lower PV (LLPV) was looked for in apical 4-chamber and 2-chamber views. Later, longitudinal sectional planes were optimalized to the LLPV ( Figure 1A,B ). Then cross-sectional views were chosen at different sites of the LLPV in perpendicular planes ( Figure 1C3, C5, C7 ). Following manual corrections, a 3D cast of the LLPV was created ( Figure 1D ). Rotational characteristics of LLPV are demonstrated in Figure 1E . To the best of authors’ knowledge this is the first case in which 3DSTE is presented for the assessment of a PV. Clinical studies are warranted in larger series of patients with different arrhythmias to clarify diagnostic and prognostic value of 3DSTE-derived parameters of LLPV.
A DATA COLLECTION PROGRAM FOR MONITORING AND MODIFYING AN EMS SYSTEM

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Quantification of the trauma patient care and the resources required to provide such care has not been available to organizers of EMS systems. The EMS system at Sunnybrook Medical Centre in Toronto has therefore over the past seven years, developed an on-line data collection program which facilitates monitoring of these parameters. The on-line program infers that the staff involved with collision victims are responsible for data tabulation. Both the results of and the time required to provide a service are documented. This prospective data collection program is both accurate and cost-effective.
Equivalent Circuit Modelling for Electrode-Supported Solid Oxide Cell Based on Analysis of Gas and Temperature Dependence

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement is used to determine the performance of solid oxide cells (SOCs). In the commercial-type of SOC such as an electrode-supported cell (ESC), all reaction resistance is sometimes combined into one spectrum, making it difficult to deconvolute the reaction resistance. The distributed-relaxation times (DRT) is often used to deconvolute the impedance spectra into a several reaction resistances. However, the DRT analysis cannot give any physical meaning to each reaction resistance of SOC’s components. Thus, it is necessary to build an equivalent circuit model to describe the physical meaning of each resistance. In this study, the ESC (Nexceris, USA) with a composition of Ni-YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia) as a fuel electrode, 8YSZ as an electrolyte, Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 O 1.95 as an interlayer, and La 0.6 Sr 0.4 CoO 3- δ (LSC) as an electrode was measured by EIS as a function of oxygen partial pressure, hydrogen partial pressure, water vapor partial pressure, temperature, and carbon dioxide partial pressure under open circuit voltage (OCV). At first, the impedance spectra were analyzed by the DRT method using software “FTIKREG” [1] based on Tikhonov regularization. After that, the complex nonlinear least square (CNLS) equivalent circuit was developed and fitted to the obtained impedance spectra. The gas conversion and diffusion at a very low-frequency region were analyzed by the Warburg impedance, meanwhile, the electrode resistance was perfectly fitted by the Gerischer impedance. The analysis result on the air electrode resistance of LSC showed the transport properties such as oxygen exchange coefficient and oxide ion diffusivity of the LSC air electrode close to the reported data on the bulk electrode [2]. Meanwhile, the analysis result on the Ni/YSZ fuel electrode resistance showed a good agreement on the reaction resistance and chemical capacitance from the reported data [3]. Despite the developed model is “well-fitted” with the obtained impedance spectra, the analysis only done at OCV. In the real operating condition such as fuel cell or electrolysis mode the applied bias is used. Thus, the impedance spectra will slightly be different to those obtained under OCV. Therefore, the developed model will be also fitted to the impedance spectra under applied bias. The analysis result will be used to discuss the application of the developed equivalent circuit model. Acknowledgement This study was supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), grant number JPNP16002. Reference [1] J. Weese, Computer Physics Communications , 69 (1992) 99-111. [2] D. K. Hohnke et al., Solid State Ionics ,5 (1981) 531-534. [3] M. Takeda, K. Yashiro, R. A. Budiman, S. Hashimoto, T. Kawada, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 170 (2023) 034505.