jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Secondary Malignancies after Ewing Sarcoma—Epidemiological and Clinical Analysis of an International Trial Registry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ewing sarcoma (EwS) represents highly aggressive bone and soft tissue tumors that require intensive treatment by multi-chemotherapy, surgery and/or radiotherapy. While therapeutic regimens have increased survival rates, EwS survivors face long-term sequelae that include secondary malignant neoplasms (SMNs). Consequently, more knowledge about EwS patients who develop SMNs is needed to identify high-risk patients and adjust follow-up strategies. We retrospectively analyzed data from 4518 EwS patients treated in five consecutive EwS trials from the Cooperative Ewing Sarcoma Study (CESS) group. Ninety-six patients developed SMNs after primary EwS, including 53 (55.2%) with solid tumors. The latency period between EwS and the first SMN was significantly longer for the development of solid SMNs (median: 8.4 years) than for hematologic SMNs (median: 2.4 years) (p < 0.001). The cumulative incidence (CI) of SMNs in general increased over time from 0.04 at 10 years to 0.14 at 30 years; notably, the specific CI for hematologic SMNs remained stable over the different decades, whereas for solid SMNs it gradually increased over time and was higher for metastatic patients than in localized EwS patients (20 years: 0.14 vs. 0.06; p < 0.01). The clinical characteristics of primary EwS did not differ between patients with or without SMNs. All EwS patients received multi-chemotherapy with adjuvant radiotherapy in 77 of 96 (80.2%) patients, and the use of radiation doses ≥ 60 Gy correlated with the occurrence of SMNs. The survival rate after SMNs was 0.49, with a significantly better outcome for solid SMNs compared with hematologic SMNs (3 years: 0.70 vs. 0.24, respectively; p < 0.001). The occurrence of SMNs after EwS remains a rare event but requires a structured follow-up system because it is associated with high morbidity and mortality.
FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: SOME CARIBBEAN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper examines the role of financial development and economic growth in Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. Causality tests conducted by using the stepwise Granger causality method, after addressing respective unknown exogenous structural changes, and using bounds testing approach to determine the level relationships between economic growth and each respective real financial development proxies, produced more robust results. Thus, economic growth drives real financial development in the short-run in all three countries, with Trinidad-Tobagoi¯s results being overwhelming. Long-run weak exogeneity tests from respective factor loadings indicate similar demand-following phenomenon in Jamaica, although results are mixed in Barbados and Trinidad-Tobago. Policymakers are therefore advised to make the overall economic growth of Jamaica their policy priority, and not favor its financial market with special policies over both near term and long-run. Similar policy is strongly recommended for both Trinidad-Tobago and Barbados. However, in Barbados and Trinidad-Tobago, mixed Granger causal relationship results suggest that extending resources as incentives to boost up both financial market development and economic growth will benefit them over the long-run.
A Generalized Framework on Beamformer Design and CSI Acquisition for\n Single-Carrier Massive MIMO Systems in Millimeter Wave Channels

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we establish a general framework on the reduced dimensional\nchannel state information (CSI) estimation and pre-beamformer design for\nfrequency-selective massive multiple-input multiple-output MIMO systems\nemploying single-carrier (SC) modulation in time division duplex (TDD) mode by\nexploiting the joint angle-delay domain channel sparsity in millimeter (mm)\nwave frequencies. First, based on a generic subspace projection taking the\njoint angle-delay power profile and user-grouping into account, the reduced\nrank minimum mean square error (RR-MMSE) instantaneous CSI estimator is derived\nfor spatially correlated wideband MIMO channels. Second, the statistical\npre-beamformer design is considered for frequency-selective SC massive MIMO\nchannels. We examine the dimension reduction problem and subspace (beamspace)\nconstruction on which the RR-MMSE estimation can be realized as accurately as\npossible. Finally, a spatio-temporal domain correlator type reduced rank\nchannel estimator, as an approximation of the RR-MMSE estimate, is obtained by\ncarrying out least square (LS) estimation in a proper reduced dimensional\nbeamspace. It is observed that the proposed techniques show remarkable\nrobustness to the pilot interference (or contamination) with a significant\nreduction in pilot overhead.\n
Changes in Rural Class Structure Under the Peruvian Agrarian Reform

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The significance of Peru's agrarian reform continues to be sharply debated. There are still a few scholars and political groups who insist that the program, launched in 1969 and largely completed in 1976, has in no way altered what they regard as the underlying semifeudal character of Peruvian society. The essay below is in part a response to those who dogmatically cling to this view. On the other hand, sympathizers of the military regime tend to exaggerate the sweep of the land reform and its impact on Peruvian society. In an earlier issue of Latin American Perspectives, Jose Marfa Caballero outlined the design and immediate impact of the program in considerable detail, pointing out that some of the land reform's political characteristics operated against its supposed economic goals [Sobre el caracter de la reforma agraria 1977 (Summer), 146-159]. He showed that only about 22 percent of Peru's rural work force benefited substantially from the land distribution, and, at the same time, he doubted that the program would advance very far toward development of an expanding and productive capitalist agriculture which some of its architects had envisioned. Instead, he foresaw an acceleration of tendencies already pronounced before the reform: growing semiproletarianization of the peasantry, gradual destruction of natural economy, greater dependence of even the poorest peasants on the capitalist market, and continuing centralization in those areas of agriculture already capitalist. But beyond specific economic consequences is a broader social and political context which Rodrigo Montoya addresses below. His essay is taken from a larger work, La izquierda y la reforma agraria peruana, tres cuestiones fundamentales, originally written in 1975 and circulated in Peru in two pamphlet editions under a pseudonym. The original essay went on to address two issues which follow logically from changes in Peru's rural class structure: to what extent have the class-structure tendencies outlined below brought about changes in class struggle?; and what are the political (i.e., revolutionary) implications of these changes for the future? The second edition of Montoya's study was accompanied by an interesting critique of its theses by the Cfrculo de Estudios Artemio Zavala dated February 1977. While recognizing the correctness of Montoya's overall perspective, the Circulo argued that the author evidenced a measure of economism in neglecting an analysis of new forms of political domination which accompany state control of agriculture; underestimating the residual power which the expropriated classes (feudal and capitalist) maintain in the superstructure even after loss of their material base; overemphasizing (as causation) the economic disintegration of traditional precapitalist forms as *The author, Rodrigo Montoya Rojas, teaches in the Departamento de Ciencias Hist6ricosociales at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos in Lima. The translator, teaches in the Department of Political Science, Purdue University.
Tracking a moving object with a binary sensor network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we examine the role of very simple and noisy sensors for the tracking problem. We propose a binary sensor model, where each sensor's value is converted reliably to one bit of information only: whether the object is moving toward the sensor or away from the sensor. We show that a network of binary sensors has geometric properties that can be used to develop a solution for tracking with binary sensors and present resulting algorithms and simulation experiments. We develop a particle filtering style algorithm for target tracking using such minimalist sensors. We present an analysis of fundamental tracking limitation under this sensor model, and show how this limitation can be overcome through the use of a single bit of proximity information at each sensor node. Our extensive simulations show low error that decreases with sensor density.
Primary care in nursing homes revisited: survey of the experiences of primary care physicians.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Irish Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA) published National Quality Standards for Residential Care Settings for Older People in 2009. We reported on experiences of general practitioners (GPs) in Dublin caring for nursing home patients (NHPs) in 2006. We revisit these experiences following publication of HIQA's standards. 400 GPs received an anonymous postal survey. Of 204 respondents, 145 (71%) felt NHPs required more contact time and 124 (61%) reported more complex consultations compared to other patients. Only 131 (64%) felt adequately trained in gerontology. 143 (70%) reported access to specialist advice, but only 6 (3%) reported a change in this following HIOA standards. 65 (32%) had witnessed substandard care in a NH, of which 16 (25%) made no report, similar figures to 2006. There remains similar levels of concern regarding patient complexity, substandard care, access to specialist support and training in the care of NHPs. Many GPs expressed uncertainty regarding their role in implementing HIQA standards.
Screening and management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and daytime sleepiness in professional drivers in Tunisia: A protocol study using machine learning

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Professional drivers have high rates of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). This study aims to determine the prevalence of OSA and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) and identify their risk factors among a large representative sample of professional drivers in Tunisia. We will also evaluate the risk of accidents associated with OSA and EDS before and after treatment. Methods This will be a population-based and prospective study about 3000 professional drivers. Participants will receive a structured questionnaire to evaluate five main outcomes: the likelihood of OSA, EDS, drowsy driving, related sleepiness near misses and accidents, as well as work productivity. Validated self-report measures will be used to evaluate these outcomes. Participants suspected of having OSA and/or EDS will undergo sleep laboratory investigations, including sleep study. Participants who have moderate-to-severe OSA combined with EDS will be recommended CPAP treatment. After one year of follow-up, all participants will be re-evaluated with self-report questionnaires. For those treated with CPAP, they will undergo the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) and adherence, tolerance, and consistency of CPAP usage will be recorded. We will also use machine learning models. Among the models we will evaluate: Random Forests (RF), XGBoost, and Deep Neural Networks (DNN). The data will be split into two sets: a training set and a test set. The training set will be used to train the machine learning models. The test set will be used to evaluate the models' performances. We will compare the performances of the different machine learning models using standard evaluation metrics such as accuracy, recall, and F1-score. Conclusion Our results will pave the way for the creation of a clinical screening instrument that can identify sleep-wake disturbances in professional drivers. This is likely to have a significant impact on the legal regulations concerning driving fitness and road safety.
Collagen-specific chaperone, heat shock protein 47 kDa (HSP47)-pathway and expression patterns in cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Human serpin gene SERPINH1 encodes for a non-inhibitory serpin shock protein 47kDa (HSP47) a client-specific chaperone, which is a hallmark in the collagen biosynthesis. Till today, there is no comprehensive study on the protein network for human HSP47. Thus the current study aimed at studying the pathway and expression patterns observed in collagen-specific chaperone, HSP47 in relation to cancer. Methodology: The study used online database STRING 10 (website: http://version10a.string-db.org (7)) in finding putative protein interaction partners of human HSP47. Also, database HMMER3 (www.hmmer.org/) with Pfam 32.0 (Sept 2018) dataset was used in identifying Pfam protein domains from proteins interacting with HSP47. The db DEPC 3.0, was used for evaluation of expression patterns of HSP47 in different cancer. Further three online resources namely, human protein atlas (HPA, https://www.proteinatlas.org/), genotype-tissue expression (GTEx https://gtexportal.org) and FANTOM5 project (http://fantom.gsc.riken.jp/5/) was used to examine HSP47 expression in normal human tissues. Results: Upon constructing protein interactive map of human HSP47, the study found that a set of molecular chaperones as interaction partners of HSP47, which included two copies each of cAMP response element binding (CREB) binding proteins, HSP27, HSP40, HSP70, HSP90, ubiquitin proteins and one copy each of cartilage associated protein (CRTAP), HSPH1, HSBP1, FK506-binding protein 4 (FKBP4), kruppel-like factor (KLF13), peptidyl-prolyl isomerase PIPB and Prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta subunit (P4HB). Conclusion: The study found a cocktail of different chaperones interacting with HSP47, originated at different time points from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Overall, the study was successful in finding HSP47 expression patterns among several normal tissues using three different publicly available datasets. It also assessed the expression pattern of HSP47 in human cancer types. These findings will encourage further studies focusing on the role of HSP47 in human diseases.
Robust\nPhotoelectric Biomolecular Switch at a Microcavity-Supported\nLipid Bilayer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Biomolecular devices\nbased on photo-responsive proteins have been\nwidely proposed for medical, electrical, and energy storage and production\napplications. Also, bacteriorhodopsin (bR) has been extensively applied\nin such prospective devices as a robust photo addressable proton pump.\nAs it is a membrane protein, in principle, it should function most\nefficiently when reconstituted into a fully fluid lipid bilayer, but\nin many model membranes, lateral fluidity of the membrane and protein\nis sacrificed for electrochemical addressability because of the need\nfor an electroactive surface. Here, we reported a biomolecular photoactive\ndevice based on light-activated proton pump, bR, reconstituted into\nhighly fluidic microcavity-supported lipid bilayers (MSLBs) on functionalized\ngold and polydimethylsiloxane cavity array substrates. The integrity\nof reconstituted bR at the MSLBs along with the lipid bilayer formation\nwas evaluated by fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy, yielding\na protein lateral diffusion coefficient that was dependent on the\nbR concentration and consistent with the Saffman–Delbrück\nmodel. The photoelectrical properties of bR-MSLBs were evaluated from\nthe photocurrent signal generated by bR under continuous and transient\nlight illumination. The optimal conditions for a self-sustaining photoelectrical\nswitch were determined in terms of protein concentration, pH, and\nlight switch frequency of activation. Overall, a significant increase\nin the transient current was observed for lipid bilayers containing\napproximately 0.3 mol % bR with a measured photo-current of 250 nA/cm<sup>2</sup>. These results demonstrate that the platforms provide an\nappropriate lipid environment to support the proton pump, enabling\nits efficient operation. The bR-reconstituted MSLB model serves both\nas a platform to study the protein in a highly addressable biomimetic\nenvironment and as a demonstration of reconstitution of seven-helix\nreceptors into MSLBs, opening the prospect of reconstitution of related\nmembrane proteins including G-protein-coupled receptors on these versatile\nbiomimetic substrates.
Generalized Nonconvex Nonsmooth Low-Rank Minimization

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

As surrogate functions of $L_0$-norm, many nonconvex penalty functions have been proposed to enhance the sparse vector recovery. It is easy to extend these nonconvex penalty functions on singular values of a matrix to enhance low-rank matrix recovery. However, different from convex optimization, solving the nonconvex low-rank minimization problem is much more challenging than the nonconvex sparse minimization problem. We observe that all the existing nonconvex penalty functions are concave and monotonically increasing on $[0,\infty)$. Thus their gradients are decreasing functions. Based on this property, we propose an Iteratively Reweighted Nuclear Norm (IRNN) algorithm to solve the nonconvex nonsmooth low-rank minimization problem. IRNN iteratively solves a Weighted Singular Value Thresholding (WSVT) problem. By setting the weight vector as the gradient of the concave penalty function, the WSVT problem has a closed form solution. In theory, we prove that IRNN decreases the objective function value monotonically, and any limit point is a stationary point. Extensive experiments on both synthetic data and real images demonstrate that IRNN enhances the low-rank matrix recovery compared with state-of-the-art convex algorithms.
Current and Future Environmental Balance of Small-Scale Run-of-River Hydropower

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Globally, the hydropower (HP) sector has significant potential to increase its capacity by 2050. This study quantifies the energy and resource demands of small-scale HP projects and presents methods to reduce associated environmental impacts based on potential growth in the sector. The environmental burdens of three (50-650 kW) run-of-river HP projects were calculated using life cycle assessment (LCA). The global warming potential (GWP) for the projects to generate electricity ranged from 5.5-8.9 g CO2 eq/kWh, compared with 403 g CO2 eq/kWh for UK marginal grid electricity. A sensitivity analysis accounted for alternative manufacturing processes, transportation, ecodesign considerations, and extended project lifespan. These findings were extrapolated for technically viable HP sites in Europe, with the potential to generate 7.35 TWh and offset over 2.96 Mt of CO2 from grid electricity per annum. Incorporation of ecodesign could provide resource savings for these HP projects: avoiding 800 000 tonnes of concrete, 10 000 tonnes of steel, and 65 million vehicle miles. Small additional material and energy contributions can double a HP system lifespan, providing 39-47% reductions for all environmental impact categories. In a world of finite resources, this paper highlights the importance of HP as a resource-efficient, renewable energy system.
Estimation of Nigrescens Palm Oil Ripeness using Contrast and Skewness from 680 nm Image

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper aim of this study is to assess the oil palm ripeness using a specific wavelength as a light source, 680 nm, and simple image processing technique. This paper proposes a simple and low computation technique to estimate the oil palm FFB maturity using 680 nm LED as the light source and digital camera to capture the image. There are some parameters that can be used to detect oil palm FFB maturities, such as chlorophyll concentration and fruitlet detachment. In this research, the 680 nm image contrast is used to detect the chlorophyll due to it correlated with the chlorophyll absorbance. The accuracy of this approach technique is 64.94 %. The second approach is using texture analysis, skewness, to differentiate the detached and undetached fruitlets in oil palm FFB. The accuracy of this technique is 68.83 %. The last technique is combining image contrast and skewness. The result of this approach gives accuracy by 68.83 %. From the results, skewness and combination of contrast and skewness give the same accuracy, 68.83 %. It can be concluded that the estimation of oil palm FFB maturity can be done by using an only skewness value of the 680 nm image. The result is in-between another research results in oil palm FFB maturity grading. The proposed technique can be implemented using microcomputer. It will reduce the implementation cost and can be used to build portable systems.
Effect of mineral supplementation on the performance of anestrous cows

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An investigation was conducted in new alluvial zone of West Bengal, where supplementation of a mineral mixture to anestrous cows was done to observe the effect of some specific mineral elements on the blood mineral profile (Ca, P, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe) and haemoglobin (Hb) as well as reproductive performance of the cows in comparison to normal cyclic cows. The mineral mixture was provided at the rate of 25 g/animal/day for a period of 60 days to 20 anestrous heifers, which were found deficient in above minerals except Fe. At the end of the experiment, a significant increment of blood concentrations of the mineral elements and Hb was found, all of which were above minimum critical levels (within normal range) as found in normal cyclic cows. 70% of these animals exhibited estrus during experimental period, indicating a significant role of mineral supplementation on reproductive performance and more particularly on inducing estrus in anestrus cows.