jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 169: Leveraging space to advance terrestrial cancer research

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The International Space Station (ISS) offers a unique macroenvironment to study biology. The effects of microgravity in low earth orbit (LEO) can be leveraged to study pre-cancer and cancer transformation in an accelerated timeframe. Thus, we launched two cancer cell types into space as a proof of concept and to establish an innovative model for studying cancer. The two cell types are TF1a, an erythroleukemia cell line, and Caco-2, a colon cancer cell line that was cultured as organoids. These studies were performed in collaboration with Axiom Space and were launched as part of the Ax-1 mission on April 8, 2022. To study these tumor organoids in space, cells were transduced with two lentiviral reporters, ADAR1 NanoLuciferase reporter, an A-to-I editing reporter, and Fucci2BL, a cell-cycle transit reporter. Fluorescent imaging at days 5 and 6 of the mission, courtesy of KEyence Research MIcroscope Testbed (KERMIT), allowed us to receive and assess the development of these tumor models in real-time. Caco-2 organoids in flight grew 3-5 times bigger than their ground counterparts. Preliminary whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis showed that telomere length is shortened in flight samples compared to asynchronous ground control samples. In summary, research done in LEO has the capacity to strengthen terrestrial research. As we follow-up with these studies as part of the Ax-2 mission in May of 2023, we hope to gain more insight into the pathogenesis of cancer and develop strategies to mitigate cancer progression. Citation Format: Jessica Pham, Luisa Ladel, Christina Wu, Catriona Jamieson. Leveraging space to advance terrestrial cancer research [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 169.
Prognostic and predictive factors associated with ipilimumab related adverse events: A retrospective analysis of 11 NCI sponsored ipilimumab phase I clinical trials.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

86 Background: We review factors affecting ipilimumab (ipi) associated toxicity in various NCI sponsored phase I clinical trials. Methods: NCI database for NCI sponsored phase I clinical trials evaluating ipilimumab was queried for adverse effects, radiological response data, lymphocyte counts, LDH, albumin, ECOG performance status, duration of treatment and diagnosis. Only treatment related AEs were analyzed. Events repeating across consecutive cycles were treated as a single event. Duration of treatment was calculated starting from cycle 1 day 1 of the treatment. IRB approval from NCI was obtained prior to the study. Results: Data from 373 patients from 11 phase I ipilimumab clinical trials were available for analysis. Median age of the study cohort was 55 years. 68%(n = 235) were males. Number of grade 3 and 4 AEs were associated with better radiological response. Mean grade 3 and 4 AEs in CR+PR cohort was 1.167 vs 0.645 in non-responder cohort (p = 0.001). No significant differences in low or high grade AEs were noticed in study cohorts differentiated based on ECOG PS (0 vs 1/2). ECOG PS 3/4 were not included in clinical trials. Pretreatment lymphocyte count, LDH or albumin was not predictive of increased ipilimumab associated toxicity. Ipilumumab associated grade 3 and 4 toxicity was directly associated with the number of concurrently used study agents. Mean grade 3 and 4 AEs were as follows in following cohorts: ipi alone; 0.631 vs ipi+ 1 drug; 0.877 vs ipi+ 2 drugs; 1.408 (p < 0.0136). Number of low grade (grade 1 and 2) toxicity was associated with duration of treatment. r = 0.456 (p < 0.0001). Number of high grade (grade 3 and 4) toxicity was not associated with duration of treatment with ipilimumab. r = 0.032 (p = 0.546). Conclusions: Ipilimumab associated grade 3 and 4 toxicity predicts response to therapy and is associated with higher CR/PR. ECOG PS, pretreatment lymphocyte count, LDH and albumin levels are not associated with ipilimumab toxicity. Lastly, addition of antitumor agents to ipilimumab has potential to cause a significant increase in serious AE’s.
Global strategy for New Psychoactive Substances: an update

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose of review The aim of this review is to provide an update on recent trends of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) and the current global strategies implemented to manage them. Recent findings The number of NPS has increased from 166 in 2009 to 892 in 2018, with about 36% having stimulant effects. Such trend revels some unprecedented patterns. The decline in the emergence of new synthetic cannabinoids has coincided with rising deaths due to overdose of fentanyl and non-fentanyl compounds in North America and Europe. The detection of new stimulant NPS has stabilized since 2015. Although the level of seizures of mephedrone have risen since then, they are still below the levels reported before international control. The legal status of kratom still remains unclear, whereas calls for research on its benefits continue. The nonmedical use of tramadol in Africa and Middle East is a cause of growing concern. Summary Although the rise of NPS is a cause for concern, evidence suggests that the strategy to face the challenge should include updating international data collection systems, integrating scientific-based interventions for drug use, strengthening national monitoring, and increasing collaborative research and forensic capabilities. The legal, regulatory framework and clinical guidelines should remain dynamic, whereas enforcement agencies should measure success by destroying drug networks as seizures rarely dismantle drug markets.
miRTargetLink—miRNAs, Genes and Interaction Networks

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Information on miRNA targeting genes is growing rapidly. For high-throughput experiments, but also for targeted analyses of few genes or miRNAs, easy analysis with concise representation of results facilitates the work of life scientists. We developed miRTargetLink, a tool for automating respective analysis procedures that are frequently applied. Input of the web-based solution is either a single gene or single miRNA, but also sets of genes or miRNAs, can be entered. Validated and predicted targets are extracted from databases and an interaction network is presented. Users can select whether predicted targets, experimentally validated targets with strong or weak evidence, or combinations of those are considered. Central genes or miRNAs are highlighted and users can navigate through the network interactively. To discover the most relevant biochemical processes influenced by the target network, gene set analysis and miRNA set analysis are integrated. As a showcase for miRTargetLink, we analyze targets of five cardiac miRNAs. miRTargetLink is freely available without restrictions at www.ccb.uni-saarland.de/mirtargetlink.
Design space exploration of nanoscale interconnects with rough surfaces

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates the effect of surface roughness on interconnect parasitics (RLC per unit length) and performance metrics, such as delay, energy-delay product, bandwidth density, insertion loss and attenuation coefficient of nanoscale on-chip interconnects using 3D EM solver. Our analysis focuses on two industry relevant technology nodes i.e. 13.7 nm and 22 nm. We observe that there is a severe penalty on the performance of interconnects due to surface roughness when analyzed over broadband frequencies. Mandelbrot-Weierstrass (MW) function is used here to define the rough surface profile and the data points obtained from the plot of M-W function are directly used in HFSS for the development of rough conductor interconnect structure. We also present the computational overhead incurred during simulation of rough interconnects.
Lessons learned from the development and marketing of Mozilla Firefox 1.0

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This case uses first-person sources to put the reader inside the teams that developed and marketed the Firefox browser. A brief overview of the Open Source Software (OSS) development process and the various roles played by members of a software development community, as well as a brief summary of the browser wars of the 1990s that saw Netscape Navigator fall from the dominant browser in the market to a distant second place behind Microsoft's Internet Explorer, help provide context for the case. In order to adapt the OSS development model to support a consumer-oriented product, Firefox developers adopted four rules: ‘We want it to be small,’ ‘Let's not keep too many cooks,’ ‘All patches are not created equal,’ and ‘All users are not created equal.’ The development team established a goal of 10 million downloads in the first 100 days and a 10% market share in the first year as measures of success for the new browser. In order to compete with Microsoft in the browser market, the Firefox team needed to leverage the development community to reach millions of potential end users. By providing a web-based structure for collaboration, and through a series of top-down initiatives (providing marketing tools to the community), and bottom-up initiatives (receiving and disseminating marketing ideas from the community at large), the team was able to achieve its marketing goals. In so doing, the SpreadFirefox initiative created a marketing community with roles analogous to a software development community.
The operating risk evaluation of power system with a large scale of wind farms considering uncertainty of wind power prediction and extreme weather

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper focuses on the basic framework of operating risk evaluation method considering two key uncertain factors: the wind power prediction and extreme weather. The output model of large scale wind farms including the uncertainty of wind power forecast is proposed in this paper. Then the system generation margin model considering the ramp rate of conventional generators is built up to study the operating risk of power system. At last, based on the forecasted and measured data of wind farms in Gansu province, a simulation on RBTS indicates that the fluctuation of wind power is the essential source of the risk for power system with large scale of wind farms. The outage loss of power system in extreme weather is much higher than the risk in normal weather but with a much lower probability, which is a "HILP" event.
Partial results for online query processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Traditional query processors generate full, accurate query results, either in batch or in pipelined fashion. We argue that this strict model is too rigid for exploratory queries over diverse and distributed data sources, such as sources on the Internet. Instead, we propose a looser model of querying in which a user submits a broad initial query outline, and the system continually generates partial result tuples that may contain values for only some of the output fields. The user can watch these partial results accumulate at the user interface, and accordingly refine the query by specifying their interest in different kinds of partial results.After describing our querying model and user interface, we present a query processing architecture for this model which is implemented in the Telegraph dataflow system. Our architecture is designed to generate partial results quickly, and to adapt query execution to changing user interests. The crux of this architecture is a dataflow operator that supports two kinds of reorderings: reordering of intermediate tuples within a dataflow, and reordering of query plan operators through which tuples flow. We study reordering policies that optimize for the quality of partial results delivered over time, and experimentally demonstrate the benefits of our architecture in this context.
The block planning approach: A case study application from the beverage industry

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Block planning is a specific concept for the development of production schedules based on the definition of setup families and the production of product variants in a pre-defined sequence. In process industries, e.g. in the production of beverages, there is often a natural sequence in which the various products are to be produced in order to minimize total changeover time and to maintain product quality standards. In this type of industry, the predominant type of production system is ¿make-and-pack¿, i.e. the final bottling and packaging lines determine the output rate of the entire production system. A mixed-integer linear optimization (MILP) model is proposed that determines the size and the time phasing of the individual production lots while observing capacity constraints of the various production lines and assuring the coverage of daily demand elements.
What next? supporting student progression

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This case study describes the development of a resource for supporting student progression to Higher Education from level 3 and 4 courses at London College of Fashion.

The experience of completing the applications process is fraught with anxiety for students, considering their own strengths and abilities, selecting an appropriate course, preparing both their work and themselves for interview, the financial implications of acceptance and the need to deal with possible rejection.

For tutors supporting these students at this very sensitive time there is a need to have good, relevant and current information, advice and guidance. Information has to be consistent and easily accessible and suitable for dissemination to a very large and very diverse student body.

This project was developed in consultation with staff and students who recognized a need for a better more user friendly way of accessing this information and building on the already existing good practice. The project was funded through a joint Creative Learning in Practice Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning (CLIP CETL) Fellowship between Sarah Atkinson and Vija Vilcins at The University of the Arts London.
Expressions of HPV Infection rate and its relationship with breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE:To study human papillomavirus(HPV) type 16 infection rate ane its relationship with breast diseases.METHODS:Sixty-one breast cancer tissues,27 normal adjacent breast cancer tissues,29 benign breast tissues and 6 breast cancer cell lines' DNA were extracted and the paraffin embedded sections were collected.By using polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and in situ hybridization(ISH) methods,the existence and expression of HPV-16 E6 were detected.RESULTS:Sixty-five point six percent(40/61) of breast cancer tissues,65.2%(15/23) of benign tissues and 37.04%(10/27) of normal adjacent tissues and 66.7%(4/6) of breast cancer cell line tested by PCR was positive of HPV-16 E6 gene.44.3%(27/61) of breast cancer tissues and 44.8%(13/29) of benign tissues was positive in E6 gene expression in cytoplasma shown by ISH,but none of normal adjacent tissues expressed E6 gene.The rate of consistence by two methods was 72.1%.CONCLUSION:The presence of HPV DNA and its expression in breast cancer that oncogenic genital HPV type 16 play a certain role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
Note on Terminology

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Extract subjects related to geology, mineralogy, or Earth history remained part of the larger field of ‘meteorology’ until the late seventeenth century. They enjoyed no disciplinary autonomy, and no specific terms or categories existed to designate them. This book often uses “Earth history” for want of better terms, despite being anachronistic. Still, this term encompasses most of the related disciplines and captures the idea of the Earth as a dynamic and historical entity. “Geohistory” is also a popular term in recent literature, with the further advantage of breadth that includes the influence of geographical or geological factors on human history. The terms “geology” or “geological” are employed when the context warrants it, even though they were not in common use until the late eighteenth century in French or Italian (nor in English before 1800). In the late 1600s the so-called “History of the Earth” became an autonomous discipline, whose goal was to combine in a coherent picture natural evidence and biblical exegesis; “History of the Earth” capitalized is used in this specific sense.
Sexual Dimorphism in European Upper Paleolithic Cave Art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Preliminary research on hand stencils found in the Upper Paleolithic cave sites of France and Spain showed that sexual dimorphism in human hands is expressed strongly enough to allow empirical determination of the sexes of the individuals who made some of them. Further research increased the sample of measurable cases from 6 to 32, a large enough sample to show that persons who made hand stencils in the caves were predominantly females. This finding rebuts the traditional assumption that human hand stencils in European parietal art were made by male artists, either adults or subadults. Findings further suggest that the sexual dimorphism of hands was more pronounced during the Upper Paleolithic than it is in modern Europeans. Attempts to apply the same algorithms to a sample of North American Indian handprints confirms the view that different populations require separate analyses.
Nongenomic ERα-AMPK Signaling Regulates Sex-Dependent Bcrp Transport Activity at the Blood-Brain Barrier

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an extensive capillary network that protects the brain from environmental and metabolic toxins while limiting drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). The ATP-binding cassette transporter breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) reduces drug delivery across the BBB by actively transporting its clinical substrates back into peripheral circulation before their entry into the CNS compartment. 17β-Estradiol (E2)-elicited changes in Bcrp transport activity and expression have been documented previously. We report a novel signaling mechanism by which E2 decreases Bcrp transport activity in mouse brain capillaries via rapid nongenomic signaling through estrogen receptor α. We extended this finding to investigate the effects of different endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on Bcrp transport function. We also demonstrate sex-dependent expression of Bcrp and E2-sensitive Bcrp transport activity at the BBB ex vivo. This work establishes an explanted tissue-based model by which to interrogate EDCs and SERMs as modulators of nongenomic estrogenic signaling with implications for sex and hormonal regulation of therapeutic delivery into the CNS.
Optimal Training Data Selection in Active Learning for Discrimination and Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Active learning has become a popular learning process for classification. By selecting the most beneficial training data, an active classifier achieves better classification accuracy than a passive classifier. We investigate the methods of developing two different types of optimal active learning processes, via either estimated discriminant functions or logistic regression. A comparison study is presented for the classifiers obtained by these methods. Performance of proposed active classifiers is evaluated under various conditions and assumptions. Optimal two-stage active learning is provided. Monte Carlo simulations have shown improved classification accuracy of our proposed active learning processes compared to passive learning process for all scenarios considered, with up to 10% accuracy improvement.
Effects of sidestream tobacco smoke on P53 expressions in Rattus novergicus tongue epithelial mucosa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Smoking, both active and passive, has been widely recognised as toxic to the human body, since it induces several forms of cancer, including that affecting the oral cavity. Benzopyrene, the carcinogen contained in tobacco smoke, can even lead tocarcinogenesis which potentially affects the regulation of cell apoptosis in both active and passive smokers. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the carcinogenic effects of cigarette smoke on apoptosis of rat tongue mucosae through p53 expression. To determine the risk of malignant transformation through tumor suppressor genes in the apoptotic pathway. Methods: Rattus norvegicus subjects were divided into four groups, namely Treatment Group 1 exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke for four weeks (P1), Treatment Group 2 exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke for eight weeks (P2), Control Group not exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke for four weeks (K2), and Control Group (K) not exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke for eight weeks (K2). The exposure process was conducted using a smoking pump and alternating exposure. Four micron-thick sections of formalin were subsequently fixed together with paraffin embedded biopsy material from tongue mucosa of Rattus norvegicus. The tissue sections from the treatment groups were then analyzed immunohistochemically to compare the expressions of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins with those of the control groups. Results: The T-test results indicated statistically significant differences in the expressions of p53 between the 4-week control group (K1) and the 4-week treatment group (P1) (p=0.01, p<0.05) as well as between the 8-week control group (K2) and the 8-week treatment group (P2) (p=0.03, p<0.05). Conclusion: Exposure to cigarette smoke can induce changes in tumor suppressor genes and also affect the regulation of cell apoptosis, thus changing cell structure and leading to malignancy.
[Clinicopathologic and prognostic study of pediatric immature teratoma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The expression of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 is a useful adjunct in histologic grading. On the other hand, p27 overexpression shows little correlation with tumor grade. The prognosis of immature teratoma in children is different from that in adults. Sacrococcygeal immature teratoma occurring in patients younger than 1 year old and with low histologic grade do not require postoperative chemotherapy if the tumor is completely excised. Similarly, for testicular immature teratoma occurring in patients below 1 year of age, regardless of tumor grading, need no adjunctive therapy. On the other hand, ovarian immature teratoma with high histologic grade requires postoperative chemotherapy, regardless of age of the patients. The presence of microscopic foci of yolk sac tumor is a useful predictor of recurrence in pediatric immature teratoma.