jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Datasheet1_Global burden of myocarditis and cardiomyopathy in children and prediction for 2035 based on the global burden of disease study 2019.pdf

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background<p>Myocarditis and cardiomyopathy are commonly occurring cardiovascular diseases that seriously threaten children's health. It was urgent to update the global incidence and mortality of childhood myocarditis and cardiomyopathy, and to predict the incidence rate of 2035 by the Global Burden of Disease database.</p>Methods<p>The Global Burden of Disease study data from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories were used to determine: global incidence and mortality rates of childhood myocarditis and cardiomyopathy from 0 to 19 by five age groups; relationship between sociodemographic index (SDI) and incidence and mortality rates by age group; and, based on an age-period-cohort model, the projected incidence of childhood myocarditis and cardiomyopathy for 2035.</p>Results<p>From 1990 to 2019, global age-standardized incidence rate decreased by 0.1% (95% UI 0.0–0.1) to 7.7% (95% UI 5.1–11.1). Boys had higher age-standardized incidence of childhood myocarditis and cardiomyopathy than girls [9.12, (95% UI 6.05–13.07) vs. 6.18, (95% UI 4.06–8.92)]. Childhood myocarditis and cardiomyopathy affected 121,259 (95% UI 80,467–173,790) boys and 77,216 (95% UI 50,684–111,535) girls in 2019. At the regional level, SDI changes in most areas showed no meaningful difference. In East Asia and high-income Asia Pacific, increased SDI was associated with decreased and increased incidence rate, respectively. In 2019, 11,755 (95% UI 9,611–14,509) children died from myocarditis and cardiomyopathy worldwide. Age-standardized mortality rate decreased significantly by 0.4% (95% UI 0.2–0.6)–0.5% (95% UI 0.4–0.6). Number of deaths from childhood myocarditis and cardiomyopathy in 2019 was highest in the <5-year-old group [7,442 (95% UI 5,834–9,699)]. Myocarditis and cardiomyopathy incidence in 10–14- and 15–19-year-olds is projected to increase by 2035.</p>Conclusion<p>Global data on childhood myocarditis and cardiomyopathy from 1990 to 2019 showed a decreasing trend in incidence and mortality, and an increasing trend in older children, especially in high SDI regions.</p>
Implementation of Bedside Training and Advanced Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) Trial to Learn and Confirm about Pharmacy Clinical Skills

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Bedside training for fourth-year students, as well as seminars in hospital pharmacy (vital sign seminars) for fifth-year students at the Department of Pharmacy of Kyushu University of Health and Welfare have been implemented using patient training models and various patient simulators. The introduction of simulation-based pharmaceutical education, where no patients are present, promotes visually, aurally, and tactilely simulated learning regarding the evaluation of vital signs and implementation of physical assessment when disease symptoms are present or adverse effects occur. A patient simulator also promotes the creation of training programs for emergency and critical care, with which basic as well as advanced life support can be practiced. In addition, an advanced objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) trial has been implemented to evaluate skills regarding vital signs and physical assessments. Pharmacists are required to examine vital signs and conduct physical assessment from a pharmaceutical point of view. The introduction of these pharmacy clinical skills will improve the efficacy of drugs, work for the prevention or early detection of adverse effects, and promote the appropriate use of drugs. It is considered that simulation-based pharmaceutical education is essential to understand physical assessment, and such education will ideally be applied and developed according to on-site practices.
Rough Hands: Family Conceptions of Rural Morocco's Agricultural Labor, a Case Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Conceptions of success for people in any capitalist context are tangled with social hierarchies of work. The rural women of Morocco have been specifically singled out as the objects discourses about their domestic and agricultural work, agency, gender identity and role, and their use of private and public space ownership. This project will examine the justifications, conceptions, and satisfaction with rural-agricultural work in a small-scale family farm in Morocco’s Al Hoceima province. Using the case study approach, I will live with a family in Sidi Bouafif and work alongside the family for an eight-day fieldwork period. Through participant observation and informal interviews, this project will analyze men’s, women’s, and children’s conceptions of working the land. I will ultimately situate the family members’ narratives within the nexus of discourses surrounding women’s work in rural-agricultural regions of Morocco. I conclude that the affinity for Europe and the United States and the work the countries represent affects the intimate domain of the family. This gravity toward Europe is reinforced at all generational levels and creates a situation in which the labor required on a small-scale farm is simultaneously stigmatized and contextualized within family honor and respect. Research Questions: How do women and children who live in small rural-agricultural areas contextualize and justify their daily labor? Are they also subject to the recent trends of stigmatization of manual labor?
Comparative studies of the mutagenicity of environmental tobacco smoke from cigarettes that burn or primarily heat tobacco

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The mutagenicity of particulate matter concentrated from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) from a prototype cigarette that primarily heats tobacco was compared to that of four popular commercially available cigarettes that burn tobacco. ETS was generated by six individuals simultaneously smoking 1 cigarette each in a 20-min time period in a 45 m3 environmental chamber operated in the static mode (without ventilation). Respirable suspended particles (RSP) were collected on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters at a flow rate of 3 LPM for 120 min. Less ETS-RSP (86-90%) was emitted by the prototype tobacco-heating cigarette than by the tobacco-burning cigarettes. RSP was extracted from the filters by sequential sonication in acetone and dichloromethane. The acetone extract was dried under nitrogen and the dichloromethane filtrate was added and then dried to obtain ETS-RSP for testing. Mutagenicity was assessed in the microsuspension modification of the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay with strains TA98 and YG1024 in the presence of 5% S9 metabolic activation. The results show that the mutagenic activity of RSP from the prototype cigarette was reduced by 75-83% on a per-mg basis when compared to the commercially available cigarettes and was reduced by 96-98% when calculated as revertants/m3 air under identical smoking conditions.
Entanglement and extreme planar spin squeezing

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We introduce an entanglement-depth criterion optimized for planar quantum\nsqueezed (PQS) states. It is connected with the sensitivity of such states for\nestimating an arbitrary, not necessarily small phase. We compare numerically\nour criterion with the well-known extreme spin squeezing condition of\nS{\\o}rensen and M{\\o}lmer [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4431 (2001)] and show that our\ncondition detects a higher depth of entanglement when both planar spin\nvariances are squeezed below the standard quantum limit. We employ our theory\nto monitor the entanglement dynamics in a PQS state produced via quantum\nnon-demolition (QND) measurements using data from a recent experiment [Phys.\nRev. Lett. 118, 233603 (2017)].\n
Pathology of the Esophagus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pathology of the Esophagus . K Takubo (Pp 299; illustrated). Japan: Educa, 2000. ISBN 4 87006 011 6.

While the oesophagus has provided much interest to physicians and surgeons, particularly since the advent of endoscopy, manometry, and pH monitoring, to many pathologists it remained a muscular tube of relative pathological disinterest. Perhaps compared with the stomach and the intestines there is a relative paucity of interesting pathological conditions to study. Barrett's oesophagus has certainly …
Metabolic and Diffuse Encephalopathies: Disruption of the Internal Milieu

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chapter 5 examines the broad range of metabolic causes of unconsciousness and the specific treatments they require. The main feature distinguishing diffuse or metabolic impairment of consciousness is that it is normally not associated with focal neurological findings that would suggest a structural lesion of the brain. However, there are some features of the neurological examination of patients with metabolic encephalopathies that can help to pinpoint the cause of the disturbance. In addition, there are some findings on examination that may appear to be due to focal lesions, but which can be due to diffuse or metabolic disease. The chapter first examines the diagnostic features of metabolic encephalopathies. It then looks at the internal metabolic milieu in which the brain functions normally. It also considers specific types of metabolic and diffuse disturbances of that internal milieu that can cause encephalopathy. Finally, it considers various endogenous and exogenous toxins that produce toxic encephalopathies.
ECB QE will boost credit growth, but not soon

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Subject Is quantitative easing helping credit growth? Significance Economists are questioning whether the ECB's sovereign quantitative easing (QE) programme is boosting private credit growth, one of the key objectives of QE. At his June press conference, ECB President Mario Draghi said that "the dynamics of loans to non-financial corporations remain subdued". This followed his comments in May that the private sector is still "hesitant to take on economic risk". Impacts Regardless of encouraging signals from the credit front, both real borrowing costs and private debt ratios remain high. The QE programme's goal is encouraging banks to make new loans to corporates and households. QE also aims to trigger portfolio rebalancing from bonds to equities. If non-financial companies do not issue more equities or bonds, higher bank demand will fuel an asset price bubble.
[Diagnosis and therapy of neoplasms as seen by atomic pathology].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The structure and function of an organism are only the two aspects of the same reality. Totally identical tissue pictures which we find under a microscope can also be obtained directly from the inside of an organism by the use of magnetic resonance (nmr) of atoms making up these tissues. The histopathological picture shows the structure in vitro only whereas an nmr picture shows it in vivo, in addition to the function as the atoms making it up are in constant motion changing their behaviour depending on the state of the environment. Thus this technique can be used to examine both the structure of organs with the flow of fluids in them and the concentration of components of their metabolism. Medical thermodynamics generalizes and unifies at the same time the world of atoms with psychic and emotional life of a man. Based on cellular pathology, three (used independently or together) classical treatment procedures, surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy, are only symptomatic treatment, not casual treatment. Each of them may, however, modify the neural, hormonal and immunological activity of an organism. In the view of more and more evident identity on the molecular level of these morphologically isolated systems, hormonotherapy and immunotherapy have finally come into use. Since neoplasms are a natural phenomenon, this requires from people, and not only doctors--a radical change of opinion on their nature, thusit requires directing intellectual and material activity towards also natural protection against them. Historical experience shows that neoplasms cause a complete specific, different from all others, kind of diseases. That is why also therapy must be different, based on atomic pathology and consistent with laws of Nature.
Morphological Study of Virus-like Particles in Two Transplantable Tumours from BDX Rats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Virus-like particles were found in two transplantable tumours, Sp56 and Sp6, from BDX rats. Sp56, a neurogenic sarcoma, contains abundant C-type particles in all stadia nof morphogeneis. This tumour reacts with anti-Friend leukaemia virus gp70 and anti-Rauscher leukaemia virus p30 sera. Sp6, a fibrosarcoma, has abundant virus-like particles in the cytoplasm, very often associated with centrioles or basal bodies of a cilium. These particles consist of two concentric shells with a diam. of 60 to 65 nm. Released particles were found outside the cell with a diam. of 85 to 100 nm characterized by an envelope and an eccentrically located electron-dense nucleoid, surrounded by an intermediate layer. These virus-like particles show no cross-reaction with antisera against murine C- or B-type particles, but show ultrastructural similarity with virus particles recently described in Chinese hamster cells and in mouse cell lines infected with two retrovirus isolates from South-East Asian mice.
Effects of Metarhizium humberi conidia formulated with micronized carnauba wax on self‐grooming behaviours by Aedes aegypti adults

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera, Culicidae), the key vector of viral diseases to humans in the tropics, is susceptible to infection by entomopathogenic fungi. Self‐grooming behaviour, which remains largely unstudied for mosquitoes, may possibly interfere with fungal infection through the cuticle. In this study, self‐grooming by A. aegypti adults exposed to Metarhizium humberi Luz, Rocha & Delalibera 2019 (Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae) conidia supplemented or not with micronized carnauba wax (MCW) led to a decrease of non‐germinated conidia and of early germinative stages from their body surface up to 24 h after exposure to a fungus‐treated surface. Self‐grooming behaviours by adults distinctly showed increased low‐level, spontaneous and stimulus‐independent self‐grooming after exposure to conidia with or without added MCW or only to MCW. The first pair of legs simultaneously scraped the proboscis, antennae and wings; in three separate actions, the third pair of legs scraped (a) each other, (b) the first and second legs and (c) the gonapophyses. Immediately after exposure, conidia, a conidial/MCW mixture or MCW (without fungus) was readily detectable on tarsi, tibias and femurs (especially of the first and second leg pairs), gonapophyses, proboscis, antennae and wings. In mobile adults, mean conidial numbers dropped approximately fivefold during the 24 h immediately after exposure, but especially during the first 6 h, regardless of the conidial preparation and then, to a lesser extent, in the remaining 18 h. For cold‐immobilized adults, during the first day post‐exposure, conidial losses were distinctly lower or insignificant. MCW neither increased the number nor enhanced the retention time of conidia on the cuticle during the time tested. These findings strengthen the importance of considering self‐grooming of mosquitoes – particularly regarding A. aegypti , the vector examined here – when developing specific fungal formulations for use in biological control.
Dynamic stress analysis of a solid disc subjected to cyclic rotations.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an analysis of the dynamic stress in a solid disc subjected to cyclically varying rotations with respect to time, that is, Ω^-(t^-)=Ω^-0+Ω^-1sin(Ω^-2t^-) (Ω^-0, Ω^-1, Ω^-2: constants). The radial displacement and stress components are derived from a general solution for a solid disc, whch was obtained previously by the author. A dynamic solution leads to the existence of two kinds of resonance circular frequencies. For Ω^-1≠0 and Ω^-0=0, the resonance circular frequency Ω^-2 agrees with a half of λn which corresponds to the eigen-circular frequencies for in-plane vibrations of rotating discs. For Ω^-1≠0 and Ω^-0≠0, Ω^-2 agrees with both cases, λn and λn/2. It is finally discussed how the circular frequency Ω^-2 has influence on the stress components and their distribution.
Measuring the Progress on Palm Oil Industrial Estate, Sumatera Corridor (MP3EI)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to measure the progress of developing the Palm Oil Industrial Estate, sumatera corridor (MP3EI). This study conducted because Industrial Park has been developed almost 10 years laready but the progress is still slow. This study analyzed the characteristics of each variables of its resources on an Industrial Park. Dumai Industrial Park is chosen as a sample. Resources Based view theory is apllied to searching the weaknes and strength of the variables. There are 7 (seven) resources based : Human resources, financial resources, phisical and location resources, natural resources, technology resources, organisation resources, and inovation resources. Each variables is devided into indicators. Then, every indicators is formulated to get the index number. Having index numbers, the web approach is using to analyze the result. The findings are:1. Eventhought the raw material resources is very atractive variable in this industrial park,, but the organization resources has the lower index ( 0) .2. it means that the local government has reluctancy to develop the Tenayan Industrial Resources. Although the other resources have good index, but they are meaningless for Tenayan Industrial development. 3. it shows that Industrial Park at Kawasan Industri Dumai has a weakness to attract the tenant in to its location.
Abstract 19548: Comparison of a Novel Four Dimensional CT Myocardial Strain Analyzing Technique With MRI, TTE, and Endomyocardial Biopsy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Myocardial strain is a new indicator of myocardial characteristics and function, mainly evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that rely on dynamic two dimensional images. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that utilizing the full capability of four dimensional (4D) volumetric 320 slice CT image data with retrospective ECG gating we could provide additional information on myocardial morphology, characteristics and function on Novel 4D CT myocardial stain analysis (developed with PhyZioDynamics, Zio). Method: We retrospectively analyzed ten subjects with various rare and un- typical myocardial diseases diagnosed by 320 slice CT using retrospective ECG gating and dose modulation. Some diagnoses were confirmed using MRI, TTE or endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). 4D CT myocardial strain analysis confirmed their diagnosis (see fig). Areas with maximum strain are colored red and decreasing strain, yellow, green, blue, and finally no color (=no strain). Results: Case 1 had a large, idiopathic fat deposit in the left ventricle (LV) that could be observed using enhanced CT with a low CT attenuation area. On 4D CT strain analysis, the fat deposit showed no strain. Case 2 had cardiac amyloidosis confirmed by EMB and Case 3 had type 2 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). MRI showed late gadolinium enhancements (LGE) in both cases. At corresponding sites, no strain was observed by 4D CT. Other cases analyzed were dilated cardiomyopathy with focal LGE on MRI, subendocardial myocardial infarction with enlarged LV myocardium, etc. Conclusion: This is the first report worldwide of a 4D CT myocardial strain analyzing technique that utilizes full volumetric data. Our new technique uses ordinary cardiac CT data acquired with retrospective ECG gating, to provide detailed additional information on myocardial characteristics and function in addition to LV ejection fraction volume data and information on coronary arteries.
Mini‐EDACS: Development of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System for young children with cerebral palsy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim To develop and test Mini‐EDACS to describe developing eating and drinking abilities of children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged between 18 and 36 months. Method The existing Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS) was modified to define Mini‐EDACS content. Mini‐EDACS was developed in three stages: (1) EDACS was modified after application to videos of standardized feeding evaluations of children with CP aged 18 to 36 months ( n = 130); (2) refined content and validity of Mini‐EDACS was established through an international Delphi survey; (3) interobserver reliability was assessed by comparing Mini‐EDACS levels assigned by speech and language therapists (SaLTs) from video data and parent report. Results Mini‐EDACS provides age‐appropriate descriptions for children aged 18 to 36 months with CP. Eighty‐nine stakeholders participated in the Delphi survey; required levels of agreement were met after one round (i.e. >80% agreement). Thirteen SaLTs completed paired ratings from 43 video recordings: absolute agreement was 58% (kappa 0.43; intraclass correlation coefficient 0.78; 95% confidence interval 0.63–0.87). Interpretation Mini‐EDACS provides a valid system for classifying eating and drinking performance of children with CP under 3 years old. Results suggest moderate agreement and good reliability when rating Mini‐EDACS levels from video recordings of young children with CP.
(In)tangible resources as antecedents of a company’s competitive advantage and performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The paper’s purpose is to add to the body of knowledge on the antecedents of a company’s competitive advantage and performance by developing and testing a conceptual model. By using structural equation modelling the model is tested on a sample of 182 Slovenian companies. The results show that a cost advantage is positively affected by financial resources and customer capital, while a differentiation advantage is positively affected by financial resources and all three components of intellectual capital. In addition, both forms of competitive advantage positively influence a company’s performance. The results offer important theoretical implications in fields such as resource-based theory and customer relationship management as well as important practical implications for managers.
Epidemiology and Patterns of Malignant Lymphoma in Northern Saudi Arabia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The objective of this study was to appraise the epidemiology and patterns of malignant lymphoma in Northern Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A full reportage of data regarding malignant lymphoma was retrieved from the King Khalid Hospital, Hail, Northern Saudi Arabia, comprising records of malignant lymphoma from 2009 to 2016. Results: A review of 120 blood cancers records revealed 47/120 (39.2%) cases of lymphomas, 39 (83%) were Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 6 (12.8%) were HL and 2 (4.2%) B-cell lymphomas. The overall crude incidence rate CIR) of lymphomas (from 2009 to 2016) was 6.7 per 100,000 persons of the Hail region population. The mean CIR per year was 0.84 per 100,000 persons. Conclusion: The prevalence of malignant lymphoma is relatively higher in northern Saudi Arabia with predominance of NHL amongst elder population.