jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Conformal deposition of GeTe films with tunable Te composition by atomic layer deposition

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of chalcogenide amorphous films has attracted attention, thanks to its ability to deposit highly conformal and uniform thin films on three-dimensional structures; these film properties are critical for the development of ultrahigh-density integrated electronic circuits such as nanoscale 3D cross-point memory stacks. Control over the composition of chalcogenide compounds is indispensable for fabricating functional electronic devices. In this work, the authors used trichlorogermane (HGeCl3) and bis(trimethylsilyl)telluride [(Me3Si)2Te] as ALD precursors to develop conformal and uniform germanium telluride (GeTe) films at low temperature (60 °C). The growth of GeTe resulted in moderately Ge rich films independently of the ALD precursor injection time and the use of single or discrete (Me3Si)2Te doses. To achieve control over the GeTe film composition, the authors developed a unique ALD of elemental tellurium (Te) using tellurium ethoxide [Te(OEt)4] and (Me3Si)2Te as precursors. Combining GeTe and elemental Te in an ALD supercycle fashion, they obtained GeTex films with a controllable Te content showing a uniform and conformal morphology on high aspect ratio trench structures. A detailed analysis of the variations in Ge and Te contents upon exposure of GeTex films to Te(OEt)4 revealed that an interfacial replacement of Ge atoms to form volatile Ge(OEt)2 takes place and produces a decrease in Ge and an increase in Te content. The ALD studies of GeTe and Te films described in this work provide a facile route for deposition of GeTe with controllable composition. This material system is important for the development of ovonic threshold switching selectors and phase change memories.
eLife Assessment: MGPfactXMBD: A Model-Based Factorization Method for scRNA Data Unveils Bifurcating Transcriptional Modules Underlying Cell Fate Determination

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Manifold-learning is particularly useful to resolve the complex cellular state space from single-cell RNA sequences. While current manifold-learning methods provide insights into cell fate by inferring graph-based trajectory at cell level, challenges remain to retrieve interpretable biology underlying the diverse cellular states. Here, we described MGPfactXMBD, a model-based manifold-learning framework and capable to factorize complex development trajectories into independent bifurcation processes of gene sets, and thus enables trajectory inference based on relevant features. MGPfactXMBD offers more nuanced understanding of the biological processes underlying cellular trajectories with potential determinants. When bench-tested across 239 datasets, MGPfactXMBD showed advantages in major quantity-control metrics, such as branch division accuracy and trajectory topology, outperforming most established methods. In real datasets, MGPfactXMBD recovered the critical pathways and cell types in microglia development with experimentally valid regulons and markers. Furthermore, MGPfactXMBD discovered evolutionary trajectories of tumor-associated CD8+ T cells and yielded new subtypes of CD8+ T cells with gene expression signatures significantly predictive of the responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor in independent cohorts. In summary, MGPfactXMBD offers a manifold-learning framework in scRNA-seq data which enables feature selection for specific biological processes and contributing to advance our understanding of biological determination of cell fate.
Corporal Punishment in the Schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Proto-Germanic N-Stems: A Study in Diachronic Morphophonology.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The n-stems are an intriguing part of Proto-Germanic morphology. Unlike any other noun class, the n-stems have roots that are characterized by systematic consonant and vowel alternations across the different Germanic dialects. This monograph represents a diachronic investigation of this root variation. It traces back the Germanic n-stems to their Indo-European origin, and clarifies their formal characteristics by an interaction of sound law and analogy. This book therefore is not just an attempt to account for the typology of the Germanic n-stems, but also a case study of the impact that sound change may have on the evolution of morphology and derivation.
Personal Health Record, Patient- Oriented Care Through Patient- Oriented Information: Kashan Teaching Hospitals Patient`s Views

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Personal Health Records (PHR) allows access patients complete health information, and support of self-care improve quality of care with education, facilitate patient – physicians and. This study was aimed to determine view of points of inpatients about PHR. Methods: In a cross-sectional study was done on 461 patients at hospitals affiliated in Kashan University of Medical Sciences are studied with a reliable (spearman-Brown, r = 0.8) and valid (face and content) questionnaire in two section, demographic information and study objects in 2008. Data are collected with interviews processed by SPSS software, and presented as descriptive statistics. Results: some 46.6% of participants keep her or his medical information, 87% of patients who didn't keep medical information claims that they did not have knowledge about PHR benefits. Meanwhile 85.7percent want to access their information for emergency, and 80% want to get information about dietitian through PHR. Discussion: Appling PHR is needed, but patients have not knowledge about necessity and benefits of PHR. We suggest education, and primarily apply PHR based on paper and, then with constitution of hospital site, hospital information system, and electronic health record apply a portal for patient use and finally constitution of complete PHR systems.
Shouting at the Wall

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using a novel methodological approach to measure emotions in Facebook comments, this Work in Progress (WIP) paper explores the relationship between negative feelings and ideological cross-posting behavior. Using the VoxPopuli data harvester, we collect over 770,000 public Facebook comments1 from the three major political campaign pages active during the Brexit referendum. After sorting users into ideological camps based on their reactions to campaign posts, we then examine their commenting patterns across ideological lines. Using three different methods of sentiment analysis, we identify negative and positive emotions and their fine-grained sub-categories in comments. The analysis reveals one quarter of all comments are cross-ideological posts, with Leave supporters overwhelmingly active in commenting on Remain posts. A comparison across the campaigns shows that Brexiteers are much more likely to express anger than Remainers.
The King and his Patronage: Sigismund I the Elder and the Royal Castle on Wawel Hill in Krakow

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This collection of essays, written in honour of the eminent architectural historian Paul Crossley, brings together some of the most distinguished scholars of medieval art and architecture from the United States and many parts of Europe. Covering a broad spectrum of topics and approaches including recent discoveries, new interpretations and critical debates, this book and its counterpart Image, Memory and Devotion (also published in the Studies in Gothic Art series) offer a fitting tribute to the exceptional range of Professor Crossley's intellectual interests, while providing invaluable insights into the present study of the Middle Ages.
Robot-assisted medical reachback: using shared visual information

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Robot assisted medical reachback (RAMR) involves remote medical personnel conducting operator- and robot-mediated victim assessment in an urban search and rescue environment. A simulated medical reachback exercise was developed to examine RAMR. Key findings suggest it is critical for providers and operators to maintain a shared visual space for developing mental models and facilitating team coordination. Communication analysis across the RAMR task revealed that shared visual information was used approximately 50% of the time to facilitate the development of shared mental models, and again approximately 50% of the time to facilitate team coordination activities. Future efforts in this research domain must further investigate the use of shared visual information to facilitate shared mental models and team coordination.
Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Poly[2‐(1‐methylbut‐1‐en‐1‐yl)aniline] and Its Copolymers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The progress in organic electronics is closely related to the development of new materials. This study reports the syntheses of hitherto unknown (co)polymers based on aniline and its ortho ‐substituted derivative, 2‐(1‐methylbut‐1‐en‐1‐yl)aniline. Electric conductivity, morphology, solubility, electrochemical properties, spectral and thermal characteristics of all the specimens have been studied. A comparative analysis with polyaniline has been performed, and a possible practical usage in resistive‐type moisture sensors has been shown. It has been found that as the content of the substituted monomer units in the (co)polymers grows, the solubility, photoluminescence, and sensitivity of moisture sensors are enhanced. The employment of the (co)polymers obtained as an active material in moisture sensors has shown that the electric conductivity is highly sensitive to changes in ambient moisture. This study has shown that copolymerization of aniline with its ortho ‐substituted derivatives is an efficient technique to modify PANI that allows one to enhance the process characteristics of the resulting materials.
The Use of Integrative Approaches in Lesson Planning in Mathematics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study determined the integrative approaches used in the Daily Lesson Plans (DLPs) in Mathematics. Specifically, it answered the following sub- problems: 1. What are the integrative approaches used in the Daily Lesson Plans (DLPs) in Mathematics? 2. What is the level of usage of the integrative approaches along: activity, analysis, application, abstraction, and assignment? 3. Is there a significant difference on the level of usage of the integrative approaches between the Junior High School and Senior High School along the different parts of the lesson plan? 4. What are the problems encountered by the teachers on the use of integrative approaches? and 5. What lesson exemplar as model on the use of integrative approaches may be developed? The researcher employed the survey-comparative type of research. The integrative approaches used in the Daily Lesson Plans (DLPs) in Mathematics were identified and the level of usage to the different parts of the lesson. The hypothesis that there is no significant difference on the level of usage of the integrative approaches between the Junior High School and Senior High School along the different parts of the lesson plan were also tested. Likewise, the problems encountered by the teachers on the use of the integrative approaches determined and lesson exemplar was developed as model on the use of integrative approaches. The study has a total of 126 respondents but only 118 responses were retrieved or 94 percent retrieval rate. The data on the integrative approaches used in the Daily Lesson Plans (DLPs) in Mathematics was treated using frequency count and percentage. However, on the level of usage of the approaches in the lesson, frequency count and weighted mean were used. Frequency count and ranking were utilized to identify the problems encountered by the teachers.
Dynamics-augmented cluster-based network model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study we propose a novel data-driven reduced-order model for complex dynamics, including nonlinear, multi-attractor, multi-frequency and multiscale behaviours. The starting point is a fully automatable cluster-based network model (CNM) (Li et al. , J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 906, 2021, A21) that kinematically coarse grains the state with clusters and dynamically predicts the transitions in a network model. In the proposed dynamics-augmented CNM (dCNM) the prediction error is reduced with trajectory-based clustering using the same number of centroids. The dCNM is first exemplified for the Lorenz system and then demonstrated for the three-dimensional sphere wake featuring periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic flow regimes. For both plants, the dCNM significantly outperforms the CNM in resolving the multi-frequency and multiscale dynamics. This increased prediction accuracy is obtained by stratification of the state space aligned with the direction of the trajectories. Thus, the dCNM has numerous potential applications to a large spectrum of shear flows, even for complex dynamics.
A CASE OF ACUTE STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENDOCARDITIS WITH MULTIPLE SEPTIC EMBOLIZATIONS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although it is mentioned as a rare cause of stroke, bacterial endocarditis must be considered in the etiologic diagnosis because its severe outcome. We present the case of an immunosupressed patient who developed staphylococcal acute bacterial endocarditis, whose first symptoms were neurological. Later she developed cutaneous, cerebral, pulmonary and splenic septic embolization.
Study on the Influence of Geometric Parameters on Vibration Characteristics of Hydraulic Oscillator Used in Oil Drilling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Hydraulic oscillator is an important drilling equipment extensively used in petroleum extraction and drilling work. It generates vibration along the axis direction to drive the drilling tool to drill and the drilling effect largely depends on the axial impulsive loading and frequency of the hydraulic oscillator. However, few present studies have been conducted on the influence of variations in key geometric parameters on axial impulsive loading and frequency of hydraulic oscillators, and systematic analysis is still lacking. Optimization calculations were carried out on throat inner diameter, throat length, nozzle spacing, and nozzle angle of the hydraulic oscillator. The analysis results show that: The overall impact of throat length and nozzle angle changes on axial load is small, while throat inner diameter has the greatest impact on the axial load. The axial load is 375.78 N when throat inner diameter is 10 mm, which is 8 times larger than that when throat inner diameter is 20 mm. Moreover, the throat inner diameter is smaller, both the axial load and amplitude are greater. Nozzle spacing has a significant influence on the axial load within a narrow spacing range. As nozzle spacing increases, the axial load increases overall while the amplitude shows a decreasing trend. Particularly, when nozzle spacing exceeds a certain value, the axial load does not vary significantly.
Multivariate analysis of the association of acid and duodeno-gastro-oesophageal reflux exposure with the presence of oesophagitis, the severity of oesophagitis and Barrett&apos;s oesophagus.&quot; Gut 57(8

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

bilitec monitoring, multivariate analysis the Corresponding Author has the right to grant on behalf of all authors and does grant on behalf of all authors, an exclusive licence (or non exclusive for government employees) on a worldwide basis to the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and its Licensees to permit this article (if accepted) to be published in GUT and any other BMJPGL products to exploit all subsidiary rights, as set out in our licence
Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare AGG 419128 BARL

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare
Common name(s): Barley
Other names: Retu
Conserved by: Australian Grains Genebank, DEECA (AGG), Australia
Local sample unique identifier: AGG 419128 BARL
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2013-04-30
Other identifiers: n/a,CIho 11565
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeding/research material
MLS status: Included
Municipal Bonds

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Municipal bonds are issued by state and local governments in many nations. In the United States the interest on these bonds is usually exempt from federal income tax, which provides an incentive for taxable investors to hold municipal bonds even if their before-tax yield falls below that of other taxable bonds. This article describes the various types of municipal bonds, the yield spread between taxable bonds and municipal bonds, and the factors that determine the efficiency of the federal income tax exemption as a means of subsidizing capital outlays by state and local governments.
Small Pitch Separation and the Selective‐Attention Effect on the ERP

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT In conditions demanding selective attention, the stimuli to be attended elicit an event‐related brain potential (ERP) component called the processing negativity (PN). However, some previous results might be interpreted as suggesting that even the stimuli to be ignored elicit some PN, at least if they physically resemble those to be attended. This “generalization’ of PN was studied by presenting three equiprobable tones differing in pitch in random order, one of the tones at a time being the target to be counted. The small pitch separation between the three tones was of different magnitude in different blocks. A PN was observed in the ERPs to the counted stimuli but was even elicited, though with a smaller amplitude, by the nontargets, at least by those which physically resembled the targets. The latter, “generalized’ PN was larger in amplitude with a smaller pitch separation between the nontarget and target stimulus. These results support the interpretation that PN reflects a cerebral matching process between the sensory input and a voluntarily maintained neuronal representation of the stimulus to be attended, the “attentional trace.’ Moreover, these results indicate rather high discrimination accuracy of this stimulus‐selection mechanism underlying PN.
A comparative analysis of the right to health care in the public sector and private sector in South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In a world where rights play an important role in the welfare of people, mere knowledge \nof the rights is not necessary but a clear understanding and appreciation of the nature of \nrights is essential. One of the most important rights which people are oblivious about is \nthe right to health care services. From the face of it, the right to health care services \nseems to be an unsophisticated right which everyone understands and appreciates. \nHowever, this right, has far more implications than one may immediately perceive. Ideally, \nthe right to health care services should be available to everyone as it concerns the welfare \nof people. This work will firstly study how the division between the private and the public \nhealth care sector affects the way in which the right to heath care is afforded to individuals \nin South Africa. In this regard, the cost, quality and affordability of the health care services \nwill be considered. The work will then study the gap that is created between the poor and \nthe rich because of the division between the private and the public health care sector. \nThe Act will also study the connection that exists between the right to health care services \nand the founding principles of the South African Constitution. The researcher?s objective \nis to reconcile the private and the public health care sector to ensure that there is \nrealisation of the right to health as provided for by the South African Constitution.
Fitness landscapes emerging from pharmacodynamic functions in the evolution of multidrug resistance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Adaptive evolution often involves beneficial mutations at more than one locus. In this case, the trajectory and rate of adaptation is determined by the underlying fitness landscape, that is, the fitness values and mutational connectivity of all genotypes under consideration. Drug resistance, especially resistance to multiple drugs simultaneously, is also often conferred by mutations at several loci so that the concept of fitness landscapes becomes important. However, fitness landscapes underlying drug resistance are not static but dependent on drug concentrations, which means they are influenced by the pharmacodynamics of the drugs administered. Here, I present a mathematical framework for fitness landscapes of multidrug resistance based on Hill functions describing how drug concentrations affect fitness. I demonstrate that these ‘pharmacodynamic fitness landscapes’ are characterized by pervasive epistasis that arises through (i) fitness costs of resistance (even when these costs are additive), (ii) nonspecificity of resistance mutations to drugs, in particular cross‐resistance, and (iii) drug interactions (both synergistic and antagonistic). In the latter case, reciprocal drug suppression may even lead to reciprocal sign epistasis, so that the doubly resistant genotype occupies a local fitness peak that may be difficult to access by evolution. Simulations exploring the evolutionary dynamics on some pharmacodynamic fitness landscapes with both constant and changing drug concentrations confirm the crucial role of epistasis in determining the rate of multidrug resistance evolution.