jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Posidonius

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract For Posidonius, the value judgements proposed by Chrysippus are not sufficient for emotion because they can remain intact while emotion fades through exhaustion, and because emotion requires us also to imagine what is judged and to pay attention to it. Posidonius' explanation is that in exhaustion and without imagination, the movements of the irrational capacities are missing. These movements are spatial movements of physical soul, but not yet identified, like Seneca's first movements, with contractions and suchlike. Further, whereas Posidonius' emphasis is that in special cases the movements can be sufficient for emotion, Seneca's emphasis is that first movements need not lead on to emotion at all, because emotion is something of a very different kind, namely judgement.
Geopolitics and the Indo-Pacific Region

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Exploring geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific Region, a major hub of global, economic, commercial, military, diplomatic, and cultural activities in the 21st century, this textbook provides students with an introduction to the existing debates, frameworks, and issues surrounding the Indo-Pacific. The second edition has been revised, updated, and expanded to explain the major build-up of deterrence hubs during 2022–2023 in the Indo-Pacific Region (IPR). The hubs have a clear focus on North Asia (Japan and South Korea), the Taiwan Strait and Taiwan and the South China Sea (the Philippines, Vietnam, and Australia), and India and the Indian Ocean littoral areas (the Persian Gulf and the Bay of Bengal). This edition takes into account the effects of the Ukraine–Russia and Israel–Hamas/Iran proxies' conflicts on the build-up of Russia–China–North Korea–Iran ties and the naval projections by China and Russia in North Pacific, off the Alaska coast, and in relation to Myanmar and Bangladesh and the Gulf/Red Sea areas. Within the purview of maritime security and NATO, the present century is critical with the introduction of missiles and nuclear submarine technology into IPR and by the fragmentation of arms control and nuclear and missile non-proliferation arrangements of the 1960s–2000 period. This volume predicts that China's oft-proclaimed rise to global hegemonic status is not inevitable because of its many economic–social problems and foreign policy dilemmas. Nor is World War III inevitable because no one seeks unlimited warfare, but the regions in conflict will likely remain on a low boil. However, problem-solving and crisis resolution will remain problematic, keeping the 21st century at its toes, due to the inability of regional powers to unite for the common good. Complete with a list of further reading, Geopolitics and the Indo-Pacific Region fills a gap in the market and will be of great interest to upper-year-level undergraduates, postgraduate students, and researchers studying international relations, IPR geopolitics, Asian politics, and Asian security studies.
[Quality of life--demands and reality as a medical parameter versus quality of life as individual reality].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Quality of life (QL) is a term, whose definition extends beyond scientific methods. Even the most accurate description will only be able to represent a part of the reality due to the proviso of only a limited view. For that reason the abandonment of this term, described as "utopical" and "principally remaining in dissent", was called for. This could be countered by the possibilities to use QL as a therapeutic aim, as well as an aid towards finding an individual indication. Alone the demand staged by QL, to take the individuality seriously, and to be the motor for patient oriented medicine, make this term valuable. The definition itself will remain a called instruments have been developed and tuned, their evaluation has not yet been concluded. The acceptance of QL-registration within clinical studies is low, since the individual integration of values compared to the biometric difficulties can hardly be generalized. The aims of QL-research are: the individual focus on the field of projection of QL; a motivation-oriented mode of record; the involvement of QL-registration in form of information and accompaniment; adequate modular techniques including dialogical methods (nondirective interviews); the establishment of a QL-anamnesis towards an extension of the clinical picture; the observance of a possible conflict of roles, the danger of linguistic inaccuracies and misunderstandings, the consideration of a person's privacy.
Potentiometric Stripping Analysis of Zinc, Cadmium and Lead in Tobacco Leaves (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) and Soil Samples

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) with oxygen as the oxidant has been used to determine total zinc, cadmium and lead levels in tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum L.), agricultural soil and cigarettes. The content of these metals in the leaves of the analyzed tobacco cultivars (Virginia, Burley and Oriental), obtained from locations which were close to industrial facilities and main roads, was higher than in the tobacco which was grown in rural areas. In addition to the cited potential sources of Zn, Cd and Pb, what also has an effect on the content of these metals in the studied samples of tobacco leaves is the soil in which the tobacco plant is cultivated. Thus the content of zinc in the tobacco leaves of all the studied tobacco plant types was approximately five times, of cadmium was approximately two times and lead approximately three times smaller than the content in the soil samples taken from the studied areas. The total content of heavy metals in fine brand of cigarettes was lower than in popular brand of cigarettes. The results of this work suggest that PSA may be a good method for zinc, cadmium and lead determination in soil, tobacco leaves as well as in different plant species.
The Risky Terrain of Outsourcing Recruitment: Ethics Versus Expediency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As more higher education institutions value international students, new intermediaries have emerged to support their recruitment. This industry has grown without sufficient transparency, monitoring, or regulation. While efforts have been made to establish standards of practice globally, compliance is nearly impossible to measure. With so many new actors on the international landscape, it remains difficult (if not impossible) to ensure ethical behavior by all intermediaries motivated by incentives that may not align with the best interests of students and their families. This chapter provides commentary on the issues that drive this growing and increasingly diverse industry, the inadequacy of mechanisms for control, and the gaps in information, and warns of resulting risks.
Problem-oriented postmortem examination.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

non-occupational infection has increased.Thus urban dwellers are increasingly at risk when they visit these areas as tourists, campers, and picnickers.Tick-borne encephalitis appears to be becoming increasingly prevalent, particularly in Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia.Although we have no recent figures, in 1963 there were 125 confirmed hospital cases in the Neunkirchen area of Austria; between 1960 and 1964 there were 365 hospital cases among holiday makers in Brno, Czechoslovakia; and in Yugoslavia almost 1500 suspected cases are reported annually, but only about 10' " are confirmed virologically (unpublished information from Dr Vesenjak-Hirjan).The reason for the increase in human infections is not clear but may be due to more awareness of the problem and better reporting.I ricinus populations do not appear to have increased and their wide- spread distribution in Europe has not altered despite reports to the contrary.3In Europe the disease shows a seasonal incidence cor- responding to two peaks in tick populations, May-June and September-October.I ricinus acts as both a vector and a reservoir, as it can pass the virus from one instar to another so that all developmental stages are infective.The virus can persist in the tick during the wintei and can also persist in hibernating animals such as rodents, shrews, and hedgehogs, which develop viraemia with the onset of warmer weather in spring.4Trying to control tick-borne encephalitis by destroying or reducing the number of wild vertebrate and arthropod hosts is difficult and expensive because of the large number of species concerned and the complexity of the virus-host ecosystems.Human vaccination would appear to be the only possible method of control.Recent vaccines prepared in chick embryo cell cultures using strains of tick-borne encephalitis derived from local isolates are producing encouraging results.
Halal Tourism in Islamic Business Ethics Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Halal tourism is a process of integrating Islamic values into all aspects of tourism activities. It is part of a business entity, that good or bad business behavior must be based on Islamic norms and ethics. If it follows norms or ethics, it shows the good action. On the other hand, if it does not follow norms or ethics, of course it show the bad action. This study aims to examine halal tourism from the perspective of Islamic business ethics. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach. The data source was in the form of references related to the topic of study. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the main task of Islamic business ethics in halal tourism is focused on finding ways to align tourism interests with ethical guidance.
Circum-Religious Performance: Queer(ed) Black Bodies and the Black Church

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

AbstractAbstractThis essay addresses how the black body is the site of sacred and secular contention, how it can traverse, transcend and transgress normative ideologies through both the real and imagined performance of movement, through physical peregrinations across, through and around spatial planes. This essay utilizes both queer and performance theories as foundational for understanding the rhetorics of the institutional Black Church in the United States with regard to issues of queer(ed) sexualities and erotics. It discusses how the queer(ed) black body is a production of its movements from place to place, from the church to night club and back and how this instantiates both possibilities for flourishing as well as trauma concurrently. It also utilizes a sermon preached by Pastor Willie Wilson of Washington, DC to illustrate how the queer(ed) black body is produced through voyeurism, fetishism and erotic imagination.Keywords: the Black Churchsexsexualityqueer sexualities
Nano-scale Crystallographic Aspects of Discontinuous Precipitation and Coarsening Reactions in Cu-10% Co Alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article Nano-scale Crystallographic Aspects of Discontinuous Precipitation and Coarsening Reactions in Cu-10% Co Alloy Get access N M Suguihiro, N M Suguihiro Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilDEQM, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Corresponding author: natasha@caxias.ufrj.br Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I G Solórzano I G Solórzano DEQM, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilSEAS, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 25, Issue S2, 1 August 2019, Pages 1970–1971, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927619010584 Published: 01 August 2019
5α-Acetamido-6β-hydroxy-17-oxoandrostan-3β-yl acetate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Using a method developed by our group, we prepared, by a one-step reaction, the title N-acetyl­ated hydroxy­amino­androstane, C23H35NO5, from the corresponding 5β,6β-ep­oxy steroid. The stereoselective nucleophilic attack of acetonitrile to the α-face of the steroid nucleus at position 5 is unequivocally demonstrated by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are present in the crystal structure.
Co(II) and Fe(II) phthalocyanines: synthesis, investigation of their catalytic activity towards phenolic compounds and electrochemical behaviour

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

4‐[(1‐Benzylpiperidin‐4‐yl)oxy]‐substituted cobalt(II) and iron(II) phthalocyanine complexes were synthesized and their catalytic activity towards various phenolic compounds was investigated. Converting from environmentally harmful phenolic compounds into less harmful oxidation products using phthalocyanines makes this study attractive. This catalysis is feasible and time‐saving in terms of procedure and the best oxidation conditions determined. Electrochemical studies were also carried out using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry techniques. Voltammetric analyses of the synthesized phthalocyanine complexes supported their proposed structures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[Use of nutrient density in etiologic studies on stomach cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Role of nutrient density played in the genesis of stomach cancer was analyzed with a pair-matched case-control design to explore further the association between dietary nutrient and incidence of stomach cancer. Investigation of 88 pairs of cases with stomach cancer and controls showed high nutrient density of dietary vitamins C and A could protect from stomach cancer with OR of 0.34 and 0.46, respectively, and high of carbohydrate could increase risk of it with an OR of 2.20. Some problems in the use of nutrient density were discussed in the paper.
Nine years of Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) spring migration behavior

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract The endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) congregates in large hibernation groups in winter and travels after spring emergence to form summer maternity colonies, but information on migration behavior in this species remains limited to mostly band recovery observations. We tracked female Indiana bats in spring migration toward summer grounds using aerial radiotelemetry. Adult female Indiana bats were radiotagged in spring from 2009 through 2017, with 15 individuals successfully tracked to summer grounds and an additional 11 bats located in summer grounds via aerial telemetry after migration was complete. This resulted in the location of 17 previously unknown summer grounds for female Indiana bats, including adding Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the summer maternity range. Two of the colonies identified in this study were south of the previously known southernmost colony in Tennessee, expanding the summer maternity range for the species by 178 km. Time-stamped location fixes along the migration path provided information about nightly and overall distances traveled, duration of travel, migration speed, and weather-related influences on bat behavior. Bats traveled 164.6 ± 26.2 km (± SE) on average from hibernacula to summer grounds and were migrating for an average of 7.3 ± 1.4 calendar nights. Bats alternated between foraging and traveling throughout each night of their migration route. Nightly migration rate was 9.9 ± 0.8 km/h and bats were active on the landscape for an average of 6.1 ± 0.4 h/night. Lower nighttime temperatures and lower barometric pressure correlated with use of layover areas during a migration night. Understanding bat behavior during migration can provide pertinent information for land managers to consider in efforts to conserve potential migration corridors, foraging areas, and roosting habitats of species in decline.
The association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations with prostate cancer risk, frequency, and mortality: A meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background A prior meta‐analysis found no association between BRCA1 mutation and prostate cancer (PCa). Subsequent BRCA2 mutation studies have shown an association with PCa risk and mortality. We conducted a meta‐analysis of overall BRCA mutation carriers and in subgroups to (1) estimate PCa risk in BRCA mutation carriers, (2) evaluate the frequency of BRCA mutation carriers in patients with PCa, and (3) compare cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) among BRCA mutation carriers and noncarriers. Methods We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Unadjusted odds ratio (OR), percentage (%), and hazard ratio (HR) were used to calculate pooled estimates for PCa risk, frequency, and survival, respectively. Subgroup analyses by mutation type ( BRCA1 or BRCA2 ) were conducted for the three objectives. Further subgroup analyses by study design (age‐sex‐adjusted or crude), ascertainment method (ascertained or inferred genotyping), population (Ashkenazi Jewish or general population), and survival outcomes (CSS or OS) were conducted. The associations were evaluated using random‐effects models, in two‐sided statistical tests. Results A total of 8 cohort, 7 case‐control, 4 case‐series, 28 frequency, and 11 survival studies were included. Being a BRCA mutation carrier ( BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 ) was associated with a significant increase in PCa risk (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.58‐2.29), with BRCA2 mutation being associated with a greater risk of PCa (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 2.03‐3.47) than BRCA1 (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03‐1.76). The frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers in patients with PCa was 0.9% and 2.2%, respectively. OS (HR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.64‐2.30) and CSS (HR = 2.63, 95% CI = 2.00‐3.45) were significantly worse among BRCA2 carriers compared to noncarriers, whereas OS (HR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.11‐1.99) and CSS (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.38‐2.96) were statistically not significant when comparing BRCA1 carriers and noncarriers. Conclusions There is a 1.90‐fold greater risk of PCa in overall BRCA mutation carriers. This elevated PCa risk is attributable mainly to a 2.64‐fold greater risk of PCa in BRCA2 carriers compared to a moderate 1.35‐fold greater risk in BRCA1 carriers. The frequency of BRCA2 mutations was higher than BRCA1 mutations among patients with PCa. BRCA2 but not BRCA1 mutations were associated with higher PCa mortality. The BRCA mutation may be a clinical factor to stratify high‐risk patients and guide clinical strategies for more effective treatments for patients with PCa.
Factors affecting the usability of aspen (Populus tremula) wood dried at different temperature levels

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this dissertation the main aim was to study the usability of aspen wood in the mechanical wood processes, especially the factors that affect the usability of aspen wood, which is dried at different temperature levels. \n \nThe problematic of varying temperatures from level to another seem to have significant effects on distortions. According to the studies conducted, many practical solutions for drying of aspen timber can be made. European aspen sawn timber should be dried in relatively narrow widths, short lengths, edged and sawn pith free. The results achieved give an interesting view for the distortions of aspen wood between HT drying and heat treatment. The most significant result is that cupping seems to decrease when increasing temperature level from HT drying to heat treatment phase. The difference is significant. Other very obvious result is that bow and crook are increasing between these two temperature levels, bow significantly. Also the modelling gives a good background for this result since cupping is reduced by higher temperatures. \n \nIt can also be assumed that these distortions can be affected for example by sorting out the timber used to different moisture levels before drying. This could be a very simple solution for practical purposes. From practical point of view, it was also noted during the drying tests performed that the discoloration seem to be no problem for aspen boards dried in temperatures under 150 °C. \n \nAltogether, this dissertation covers many interesting points of view of factors affecting distortions of wood in different temperature stages. Aspen as species in use of mechanical wood industries seems to be a species suitable for component production. According to the results, the best yield from aspen timber can be achieved in industry that can utilize relatively short components of sawn wood. Results achieved give a significant indication about the factors affecting distortions of wood at different temperature stages of drying, especially considering European aspen.
Mathematical approach to the validation of surface texture form removal software

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A new approach to the validation of surface texture form removal methods is introduced. A linear algebra technique is presented that obtains total least squares (TLS) model fits for a continuous mathematical surface definition. This model is applicable to both profile and areal form removal, and can be used for a range of form removal models including polynomial and spherical fits. The continuous TLS method enables the creation of mathematically traceable reference pairs suitable for the assessment of form removal algorithms in surface texture analysis software. Multiple example reference pairs are presented and used to assess the performance of four tested surface texture analysis software packages. The results of each software are compared against the mathematical reference, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.
Clinical sequelae in patients with asymptomatic carotid bruits.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Noninvasive vascular laboratory evaluations were performed on 163 patients who presented with asymptomatic carotid bruits. Of these, 57 patients were identified as having a solely transmitted murmur. The remaining 106 patients had carotid disease. Based on hemodynamic criteria, 77 patients had compensated disease and 29 had uncompensated disease. These patients were followed for from 1 to 56 months (mean 31). Patients in the uncompensated group developed symptoms attributable to the extracranial territory at a higher rate than did patients in the compensated group, with differences continuing for 36 months. At 18 months the accumulated symptom rate for the uncompensated group (24.0%) was over twice that for the compensated group (11.4%). Patients in the uncompensated group also had a higher mortality rate. Differences occurred after 12 months and continued through 36 months. Of the 23 patients who died, 19 (82%) died due to cardiac disease, two due to cerebrovascular accidents, and two due to neoplastic disease. In view of the results of this study, a careful examination of patients with asymptomatic cervical bruits is warranted. This evaluation should take the form of a noninvasive vascular laboratory evaluation, which can help determine the proper course of patient management by measuring functional deficit and estimating anatomic severity.