jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
15N and 31P Solid-State NMR Investigations on the Orientation of Zervamicin II and Alamethicin in Phosphatidylcholine Membranes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The topologies of zervamicin II and alamethicin, labeled with (15)N uniformly, selectively, or specifically, have been investigated by oriented proton-decoupled (15)N solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Whereas at lipid-to-peptide (L/P) ratios of 50 (wt/wt) zervamicin II exhibits transmembrane alignments in 1,2-dicapryl (di-C10:0-PC) and 1,2-dilauroyl (di-C12:0-PC) phosphatidylcholine bilayers, it adopts orientations predominantly parallel to the membrane surface when the lengths of the fatty acyl chains are extended. The orientational order of zervamicin II increases with higher phospholipid concentrations, and considerable line narrowing is obtained in di-C10:0-PC/zervamicin II membranes at L/P ratios of 100 (wt/wt). In contrast to zervamicin, alamethicin is transmembrane throughout most, if not all, of its length when reconstituted into 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine bilayers. The (31)P solid-state NMR spectra of all phospholipid/peptaibol samples investigated show a high degree of headgroup order, indicating that the peptides do not distort the bilayer structure. The observed differences in peptide orientation between zervamicin and alamethicin are discussed with reference to differences in their lengths, helical conformations, distribution of (hydroxy)proline residues, and hydrophobic moments. Possible implications for peptaibol voltage-gating are also described.
PENGARUH KEMIRINGAN STRAIGHT BLADE TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN SELF-STARTING TURBIN HIDROKINETIK ARTICULATING H-ROTOR

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Articulating of H-Rotor is a development of the turbine from H-Darrieus which has a straight blade tilted with the aim of correcting poor self-starting due to the dominance of lift force. How likely is the influence of straight blade slope on turbine performance and it is important to be examined. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of the straight blade slope of the Articulating H-Rotor turbine to increase the self-starting ability. Hydrokinetic turbine experimental test method was carried out in a water channel (flume) using 3 NACA 0018 profile blades with varying inclination angles of 0o (vertical blade), 30o (inflated blade) and -30o (cupped blade). The result indicated that the Articulating H-Rotor hydrokinetic turbine with a blade slope of 0o had a larger RPM value and it was more dominant in working with lift force. The Articulating H-Rotor hydrokinetic turbine with a blade tilted of 30o provides higher torque and increases drag, increasing self-starting for rotation. The shape of the turbine frontal area with a blade slope of 30o was better able to respond the kinetic energy that raised from the flow velocity distribution profile of the water flow. The results of this study can contribute to the design of the tilted blade H-Darrieus turbine.
Automation Applications in Integrated Animal Production System

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In livestock enterprises, with the developing technology, the use of automation instead of control with manpower has become widespread. With the use of automation, it provides easy and reliable production, healthy product, decrease of labor force, prevention of economic losses, periodic and systematic operation and keeping data record regularly. In this way, it is possible to evaluate all records of animal production in digital environment. Control element (PC, PLC, PIC, Microprocessor, Electronic Cards), Activation Element (Motors, Cylinders, motion elements, etc.), Process (Production, temperature, control, chemical, events, etc.), Adjustment in automation used in animal husbandry Element (Acceleration, Angle, Speed, Flow, Encoders, Force, Load, Price, Pressure, Temperature, Slope, Torsion, Vibration Measurement Elements). Thanks to the intelligent sensors and controllers of these elements, feed and water of animals are recorded from central computers in automation control. In the studies, S7-300 PLC was used to carry out the general operation and collect the data. In addition, SCADA is used for central system supervision and control, data collection and storage, irrigation and feeding, warning and warning for security. In this study, it is aimed to give information about the use of automation in industrial animal husbandry enterprises.
Longevity and Clinical Performance of Direct Posterior Restorations

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Various materials and techniques are employed, with composite resins being a popular choice. Factors influencing restoration longevity include material selection, practitioner skill, patient factors, and cavity characteristics. Recent developments in dental materials and techniques have expanded treatment options. Amalgam has historically exhibited superior longevity but faces declining usage due to aesthetic concerns. Composite resins have shown variable longevity, influenced by factors such as cavity location and size. Glass ionomer cements, while biocompatible, have limited mechanical strength. Tunnel restorations and atraumatic restorative treatment restorations have shown varying success rates. Advances in materials, techniques, and bonding agents are shaping the landscape of adhesive dentistry. Adhesive dentistry has evolved significantly with the decline of amalgam and the emergence of innovative materials. Challenges like polymerization shrinkage persist, but promising developments, such as low-shrinking monomers and nanoparticle fillers, are on the horizon. Self-etching adhesives have improved bonding. The longevity of posterior restorations depends on various factors, and practitioners must stay updated on these advancements for optimal patient care.Various materials and techniques are employed, with composite resins being a popular choice. Factors influencing restoration longevity include material selection, practitioner skill, patient factors, and cavity characteristics. Recent developments in dental materials and techniques have expanded treatment options. Amalgam has historically exhibited superior longevity but faces declining usage due to aesthetic concerns. Composite resins have shown variable longevity, influenced by factors such as cavity location and size. Glass ionomer cements, while biocompatible, have limited mechanical strength. Tunnel restorations and atraumatic restorative treatment restorations have shown varying success rates. Advances in materials, techniques, and bonding agents are shaping the landscape of adhesive dentistry. Adhesive dentistry has evolved significantly with the decline of amalgam and the emergence of innovative materials. Challenges like polymerization shrinkage persist, but promising developments, such as low-shrinking monomers and nanoparticle fillers, are on the horizon. Self-etching adhesives have improved bonding. The longevity of posterior restorations depends on various factors, and practitioners must stay updated on these advancements for optimal patient care.
Post‐Apocalypse: The ‘Ring’ Cycle

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In the late 1970s, Lebbeus Woods embarked on an ambitious project: to depict Richard Wagner's The Ring Cycle. Jörg H Gleiter , Professor of Architectural Theory at the Technical University Berlin, takes us through the intersected worlds of music, drama and visual expression, suggesting that both Wagner and Woods are critics of Enlightenment. Exploitation of Earth, greed and envy are the beginning of the End, for Wagner. A century later, Woods extends this negative mythology.
Estimating the economic impact of gender-based violence on women survivors: A comparative study of support program interventions in Makueni and Naivasha, Kenya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To estimate the economic cost of GBV from the perspective of a women survivor who sought help from two identified programs (Makueni GBVRC and Life Bloom Services International [LBSI]).A mixed method research design combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. SITE: Makueni GBVRC in Makueni County, overseen by the Makueni County government, and LBSI in Naivasha, Nakuru County, a non-profit organization devoted to serving local communities.Study participants include women survivors of GBV, aged 18 and above, actively seeking services at Makueni GBVRC and LBSI.The study adopts a qualitative approach to delve into the intricate economic costs of GBV on survivors. Additionally, quantitative data analysis employs an accounting model to ascertain the financial implications.The costs analyses were done from the perspective of the women survivors. An accounting model was utilized to evaluate the cost of GBV on selected survivors. Furthermore, the research explores the enduring consequences for survivors, including psychological trauma and susceptibility to stress-related diseases.The findings reveal substantial economic costs linked to GBV, adversely affecting survivors, their children, and society at large. These costs encompass direct expenditures on medical care, legal representation, and counseling, as well as indirect costs, such as lost productivity.Beyond immediate and indirect costs, the study underscores the existence of opportunity costs-what survivors and affected children could attain in the absence of GBV.
Preliminary Results from the Edinburgh-Cape Bright QSO Survey (ECBQS)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Edinburgh-Cape Bright QSO Survey is a very small sub-set of the Edinburgh Cape Blue Object Survey, which is a major survey to discover blue stellar objects brighter than B~18 in the southern sky. It will cover an area of sky of 10,000 square degrees with |b|>30 and dec <0. The blue stellar objects are selected by automatic techniques from U and B pairs of UK Schmidt Telescope plates scanned with the COSMOS measuring machine. Follow-up photometry and spectroscopy is being obtained with the SAAO telescopes to classify the types of objects brighter than B=16.5, with some of the more stubborn objects being subjected to AAO service spectroscopy. Some preliminary results for the 6% QSO minority are presented in this paper and comparison is made with the Palomar-Green QSO Survey in the north, which we find to be at least a factor of two incomplete.
Pemanfaatan Tepung Mocaf Dalam Pembuatan Sponge Cake

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sponge cake is a sweet cake snack that is often consumed throughout the world and is made from flour, sugar, eggs, emulsifier, and others. In this research, sponge cake was innovated by using mocaf flour as a substitute for wheat flour. This research aims to determine: 1) the potential of mocaf flour as a substitute for wheat flour in making sponge cake through organoleptic tests; 2) the nutritional content contained in sponge cake made from mocaf flour; and 3) selling price for mocaf flour sponge cake. The research method used in this research was an experimental method which was tested on 30 panelists and then analyzed using a single ANOVA with the SPSS program, testing the nutritional content of mocaf flour sponge cake using chemical tests in the laboratory and to determine the selling price it was analyzed using conventional methods. The results of this research show that: 1) the ratio of mocaf flour and wheat flour 80:20 has a higher average value than the other comparison values, then there is a significant change in color and texture, and there is no significant change in taste, odor, pores, and scale; 2) the nutritional content of the mocaf flour sponge cake based on laboratory tests shows that per 100 grams it has a total of 234.80 kcal calories, 46.15% carbohydrates, 8.11% protein content, 2.05% fat content, 1.62% fiber %, water content 39.88%, and ash content 1.67%; and 3) the selling price for mocaf flour sponge cake products is IDR 4,914.76/50gram.
Valuing Reduced Antibiotic Use for Pediatric Acute Otitis Media

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE. The 2004 American Academy of Pediatrics acute otitis media guidelines urge parents to weigh the benefits of reduced antibiotic use, adverse drug events, and future resistance versus risks of extra costs and sick days resulting from guideline use. The value of decreased antibiotic resistance has not been quantified. The objective was to perform cost-utility analysis, estimating the resistance value of implementing the guidelines for acute otitis media treatment for children &lt;2 years of age. Outcomes were described with a common denominator and the value of avoiding resistance was estimated using a parental perspective. METHODS. Decision analysis results were used for outcome probabilities. Published utilities were used to describe outcomes in quality-adjusted life-day units. The minimum resistance benefit value, where the benefits of the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines would at least balance their costs, was defined as the guidelines’ incremental costs minus their other benefits. RESULTS. For a child 2 to &lt;6 months of age presenting to a primary care physician with possible otitis media, parents would need to value the resistance benefit at 0.77 quality-adjusted life-days per antibiotic prescription avoided for the guidelines’ benefits to balance their costs. For the 6- to &lt;24-month-old group, results were 0.67 quality-adjusted life-days per prescription avoided. Results were sensitive to the dollar cost utility; when willingness to pay ranged from $20000 to $200000 per quality-adjusted life-year, results ranged from 0.36 and 0.30 quality-adjusted life-days up to 4.10 and 3.57 quality-adjusted life-days for the 2- to &lt;6-month-old and 6- to &lt;24-month-old groups, respectively. Costs were driven by missed parent work days. CONCLUSIONS. From a societal perspective, trading 0.30 to 4 quality-adjusted life-days to avoid 1 antibiotic course might be desirable; from a parental perspective, this may not be as desirable. Parent demand for antibiotics may be rational when driven by the value of parent time. Other approaches that have the potential to reduce antibiotic use, such as wider use of influenza vaccine and improved rapid viral diagnostic techniques, might be more successful.
Effects of Several Geometric Variables on Internal Performance of Short Convergent-divergent Exhaust Nozzles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Report presenting an investigation to determine the effects on internal performance of several geometric variables intended to produce a short, high-performance convergent-divergent nozzle. Some of the characteristics investigated included variations in the throat-contour radius, combinations of the shape of the convergent section and throat-contour radius, divergence angle, and shape of the divergent section.
How do reinforcers affect choice? Preference pulses after responses and reinforcers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In concurrent schedules, reinforcers are often followed by a brief period of heightened preference for the just‐productive alternative. Such ‘preference pulses’ may reflect local effects of reinforcers on choice. However, similar pulses may occur after nonreinforced responses, suggesting that pulses after reinforcers are partly unrelated to reinforcer effects. McLean, Grace, Pitts, and Hughes (2014) recommended subtracting preference pulses after responses from preference pulses after reinforcers, to construct residual pulses that represent only reinforcer effects. Thus, a reanalysis of existing choice data is necessary to determine whether changes in choice after reinforcers in previous experiments were actually related to reinforcers. In the present paper, we reanalyzed data from choice experiments in which reinforcers served different functions. We compared local choice, mean visit length, and visit‐length distributions after reinforcers and after nonreinforced responses. Our reanalysis demonstrated the utility of McLean et al.'s preference‐pulse correction for determining the effects of reinforcers on choice. However, visit analyses revealed that residual pulses may not accurately represent reinforcer effects, and reinforcer effects were clearer in visit analyses than in local‐choice analyses. The best way to determine the effects of reinforcers on choice may be to conduct visit analyses in addition to local‐choice analyses.
The Emperor is Still Naked: How Intelligence-Led Policing Has Repackaged Common Sense as Transcendental Truth

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the past decade or so, the concept of Intelligence-Led Policing, often shortened to ILP, has been a dominant element in academic discourses about policing. Police forces around the world, partly motivated by concerns about terrorism since 9/11, have taken on many of the tenets of ILP, buying equipment, hiring staff, and designing organisations to take best advantage of what are seen as potentially revolutionary gains in effectiveness and efficiency. This article examines both the novelty and the utility of ILP, noting that there are serious questions about both aspects. It then considers why ILP has succeeded in gaining so many adherents, using theoretical insights from the literature on management fashions. Finally, the article offers several enhancements to ILP.
Electronic Structure and Edge Modification of Armchair MoS_2 Nanoribbons

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The geometries and electronic properties of armchair MoS2 nanoribbons were investigated by the first-principles method based on density functional theory. It was found that the stability and electronic properties of armchair MoS2 nanoribbons sensitively depend on edge modification. Increasing the number of hydrogen atoms on the edge caused the nanoribbons to become more stable and transition between indirect-gap semiconductor, semi-metal and direct-gap semiconductor. The band structure and densities of states of the nanoribbons indicated that low energy bands contributed to edge states. Different hydrogen adsorption patterns on each edge induce two kinds of edge state on the nanoribbons and these two kinds of edge state have little effect on each other. The relationships between the bandgap and width of three types of nanoribbons were studied. Nanoribbons terminated with zero or eight hydrogen atoms in each unit cell have a bandgap that oscillates with width in a period of three, while the bandgap changes nonperiodically in those terminated with four hydrogen atoms.
Bayesian and lagged general linear modelling strategies in breath-hold induced cerebrovascular reactivity mapping with muti-echo BOLD fMRI

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), the ability of blood vessels to dilate and constrict in response to a vasoactive stimulus, is an important indicator of cerebrovascular health and can be estimated using BOLD functional MRI. In this work, we evaluated a novel variational Bayesian method for mapping CVR dynamics which yielded similar CVR results and reproducibility to a time-shifted, “lagged” general linear model approach, and uncovered the need for more research into negative CVR. This novel approach is more time efficient and has the potential to improve CVR mapping by incorporating non-linear modelling and physiologically meaningful information (in the form of priors).
Ultrasonic Inspection of Wooden Pallet Parts for Grading and Sorting

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Wooden pallets are the largest single use of sawn hardwood logs in the USA. Unfortunately, millions of wooden pallets are discarded annually due to damage or because their low cost makes them readily disposable. High quality wooden pallets, on the other hand, promote longevity and re-use. However, building durable pallets requires high quality pallet parts. Because manual grading and sorting of pallet parts is not feasible, we have as a long-term goal to develop an automated inspection system. It will scan moving parts in a production environment, locate and identify defect areas, and grade the parts according to established visual grading rules.
Nitrites and Nitrates in Ischaemic Heart Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Amphetamine PrescribingSIR,-Scarcely a day passes without news of another drug haul from a chemist's shop.Thousands of tablets are stolen, and the majority are probably amphetamines.A glance at the Proprietary Drug Lists will show there are at least twenty-two pre- parations containing amphetamine alone or in combination with other drugs.Many are virtually identical and some preparations appear both as central nervous system stimulants and sedatives and tranquillizers.The chemist is obliged to keep a fairly large stock in order to meet all requirements.It is not necessary to reiterate the undesirability of these drugs being self-administered nor the consequent dangers of addiction, of toxic effects, and of antisocial behaviour, and yet the illegal use of amphetamines is increasing and constitutes a serious problem, and the stocks available in the chemists are one important source of supply.How much do we contribute to this prob- lem by continuing to prescribe the drug when its use is unnecessary or outdated ?It is my belief that all these preparations could be scrapped with very little loss to the medical armamentarium.For mild depression there
Fluid Pressure Gradients in Tight Formations

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Low-permeable reservoirs have long been recognized as a challenge for economical production. Characterization of complex carbonate reservoirs exhibits some special challenges. Pay zones may be poorly defined due to marginal reservoir properties, i.e., uncertainties regarding the distribution of oil on the pore scale and the ability of oil to flow at high initial water saturation. Hence, the oil water contact may not be a precise level in the reservoir and the vertical span of the oil-water transition zone may be greater than 100 meters in such reservoirs. The traditional reservoir engineering approach defines free water level and hence the water- and oil-zones from the oil- and water pressure gradients. Pressure gradients are, however, difficult to obtain in low-permeable media and it has been reported that supercharging effects may be the result of mobile oil and water at the same place in the reservoir. A case study is made for an offshore exploration well in a complex and heterogeneous carbonate oil reservoir. The well is not production tested and gives a clear water gradient. However, there is indication of relatively high oil saturation with possible live oil properties. This is not typical for a reservoir that has been completely water washed during historical time. Different initial fluid distributions are studied in simulation of filtrate invasion in order to explain the observations in the exploration well. The results are of general interest, with application to many low-permeable reservoirs. This work gives new insight into the important interplay between type of drilling mud, reservoir wettability and interpretation of fluid gradients. The novel implication of the results is that a water-gradient is measured in the transition zone if an oil-wet reservoir is drilled with water-based mud. A water gradient can therefore exist even though the oil saturation is high. The shift between the water gradient and oil gradient occurs when mobile oil is present in water-wet pores giving a positive oil-water capillary pressure.