jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Catechol Chemistry Inspired Approach to Construct\nSelf-Cross-Linked Polymer Nanolayers as Versatile Biointerfaces

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In\nthis study, we proposed a catechol chemistry inspired approach\nto construct surface self-cross-linked polymer nanolayers for the\ndesign of versatile biointerfaces. Several representative biofunctional\npolymers, P­(SS-<i>co</i>-AA), P­(SBMA-<i>co</i>-AA), P­(EGMA-<i>co</i>-AA), P­(VP-<i>co</i>-AA),\nand P­(MTAC-<i>co</i>-AA), were first synthesized via reversible\naddition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization,\nand then the catecholic molecules (dopamine, DA) were conjugated to\nthe acrylic acid (AA) units by the facile carbodiimide chemistry.\nThen, the catechol (Cat) group conjugated biofunctional polymers,\nnamed PSS-Cat, PSBMA-Cat, PEGMA-Cat, PVP-Cat, and PMTAC-Cat, were\napplied for the construction of self-cross-linked nanolayers on polymeric\nsubstrates via the pH induced catechol cross-linking and immobilization.\nThe XPS spectra, surface morphology, and wettability gave robust evidence\nthat the catechol conjugated polymers were successfully coated, and\nthe coated substrates possessed increased surface roughness and hydrophilicity.\nFurthermore, the systematic in vitro investigation of protein adsorption,\nplatelet adhesion, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin\ntime (TT), cell viability, and antibacterial ability confirmed that\nthe coated nanolayers conferred the substrates with versatile biological\nperformances. The PSS-Cat coated substrate had low blood component\nactivation and excellent anticoagulant activity; while the PEGMA-Cat\nand PSBMA-Cat showed ideal resistance to protein fouling and inhibition\nof platelet activation. The PSS-Cat and PVP-Cat coated substrates\nexhibited promoted endothelial cell proliferation and viability. The\nPMTAC-Cat coated substrate showed an outstanding activity on bacterial\ninhibition. In conclusion, the catechol chemistry inspired approach\nallows the self-cross-linked nanolayers to be easily immobilized on\npolymeric substrates with the stable conformation and multiple biofunctionalities.\nIt is expected that this low-cost and facile bioinspired coating system\nwill present great potential in creating novel and versatile biointerfaces.
The Abzooba Smart Health Informatics Platform (SHIP) TM - From Patient\n Experiences to Big Data to Insights

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper describes a technology to connect patients to information in the\nexperiences of other patients by using the power of structured big data. The\napproach, implemented in the Abzooba Smart Health Informatics Platform\n(SHIP),is to distill concepts of facts and expressions from conversations and\ndiscussions in health social media forums, and use those distilled concepts in\nconnecting patients to experiences and insights that are highly relevant to\nthem in particular. We envision our work, in progress, to provide new and\neffective tools to exploit the richness of content in social media in health\nfor outcomes research.\n
Percutaneous management of coronary aneurysms: case report and evidence base perspective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) are uncommon but potentially serious findings increasingly detected through advanced coronary imaging. Their etiology is diverse, including atherosclerosis and iatrogenic injury, and their clinical implications range from benign to life-threatening. Treatment strategies vary based on aneurysm size, location, and associated symptoms, and while surgical options have been traditional, percutaneous techniques are gaining ground. We hereby report the case of a patient with an incidentally discovered aneurysm arising from a secondary branch of the proximal right coronary artery. Following heart team evaluation, coil embolization was successfully performed via femoral access using selective wiring and deployment of neurovascular coils, achieving complete exclusion of the aneurysm. We also review the current evidence supporting percutaneous options for CAA management, including covered stents, coils, vascular plugs, liquid embolics, and custom devices. While percutaneous techniques offer promising outcomes with lower procedural morbidity, high-quality comparative data are lacking. Our case highlights the feasibility and safety of coil embolization in anatomically favorable scenarios and supports the need for individualized procedural planning. Broader adoption of these strategies will require systematic data collection and consensus-driven guidelines to optimize long-term outcomes in CAA management.
Cold Tests of the Superconducting Coils for the Stellarator W7-X

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new plasma fusion experiment, Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), is built in the Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics in Greifswald (IPP), Germany. This experiment employs superconducting coils, allowing for plasma discharges up to 30 minutes duration. W7-X will be an “optimized” stellarator with respect to plasma transport and stability. The W7-X magnet consists of 70 individual coils in a toroidal arrangement. Each coil of W7-X is thoroughly tested before installation in a cryogenic test facility at the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) in Saclay, France. The tests are essential, because no access is foreseen to the magnetic system during the entire operation period of W7-X. The test procedure will be described briefly, and some test results will be presented.
(Bi-UKA) arthroplasties

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Recently mini-invasive joint replacement has become one of the hottest topics in the orthopaedic world. However, these terms have been improperly misunderstood as a ‘‘key-hole’ ’ surgery where traditional components are implanted with shorter surgical approaches, with few benefits and several possible dangers. Small implants as unicompartmental knee prostheses, patellofemoral pros-theses and bi-unicompartmental knee prostheses might represent real less invasive procedures: Tissue sparing surgery, the Italian way to minimally invasive surgery (MIS). According to their experience the authors go through this real tissue sparing surgery not limited only to a small incision, but where the surgeons can respect the physiological joint biomechanics.
Commercial Online Choice Architecture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Many people spend considerable amounts of time in online environments that are designed with the specific purpose of selling products or making money. In this chapter, we analyze whether and when such commercial online choice architectures (which we will dub COCAs) are manipulative, and what is potentially morally problematic about them. In our attempt to characterize manipulation, we will shift the attention from the means used to the intentions behind manipulative practices. In our view, there is no manipulation without intention. This conceptual point, we argue, has normative implications. Only by focusing on the goals that the purposeful design of COCAs hopes to achieve, and how they relate to the goals of their users, can we get a grip on the moral worries they raise. These are twofold. First, these commercial ends may not align with and thus potentially undermine users’ personal autonomy. Second, even if the ends of COCA designers and users do align, the former could still be indifferent towards the personal autonomy of the latter.
Effects of Dietary Lipid Levels on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Antioxidant Capacity, and Lipid Metabolism in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) at Three Different Stages

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Three 56-day feeding trials were conducted to evaluate dietary lipid requirements and effects of dietary lipid levels on growth, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) at three growth stages. The initial mean body weight of turbot was 9.13 ± 0.17 g, 50.10 ± 0.38 g, and 80.05 ± 0.76 g (small, medium, and large turbot), respectively. Five practical diets were formulated to contain 68.4, 93.9, 120.7, 147.8, and 171.2 g/kg lipid (L68.4, L93.9, L120.7, L147.8, and L171.2), respectively. Results of three trials showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of turbot fed with L120.7, L147.8, and L171.2 diets were all significantly higher compared with turbot fed with L68.4 and L93.9 diets except for large turbot fed with the L147.8 diet. Activities of intestinal trypsin, lipase and hepatic catalase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity firstly increased and then decreased as dietary lipids increased. Meanwhile, malondialdehyde content decreased firstly but then increased with the elevation of dietary lipids in small and medium turbot, and it was significantly higher in the L171.2 group than the rest in large turbot. With increasing levels of dietary lipid, contents of whole-body lipid, liver lipid, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were markedly increased at three stages. In addition, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents increased firstly and then decreased over the L120.7 group. Transcriptional levels of lipolysis-related genes lipin1 and lpl were significantly upregulated firstly and subsequently downregulated with increasing dietary lipid levels except lipin1 in medium fish. Meanwhile, a significant increase in lipogenesis-related genes lxr and pparγ expressions was detected in all fish. Based on the specific growth rate, the dietary lipid level of 130.1, 120.1, and 107.7 g/kg was optimal for the growth performance of turbot cultured at three phases, respectively. Additionally, the results indicated that high lipid diets may lead to abnormal lipid deposition and affect the physiological health of turbot.
Organization, Society and Politics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

'Organization' is a term that is used very widely here, consistent with its use in the leading journal in Critical Management Studies (CMS), itself titled Organization. A recent editorial in this journal embraces a generous usage conceptualizing 'organization' 'as noun and verb, accomplishment and process' (Parker, 2010: 5). Since 'organization' is so often used to refer to a place of work, or business, re-describing it in these broader terms is an act of politics. This is because the narrow and broader definitions of organization are expressions of inclusion and exclusion, of privilege and deprivation. Before elaborating on this and on the senses of organization as noun and as verb, it is helpful to restate the definition of organization that was developed in the introductory chapter, as an extension of the Fact that a human being is zōon politikon: Organization as verb describes the activities of humans as political animals. As noun, 'organization' describes the groups and places within which such activities take place, but these groups and places result from acts of organization. As groups and places, these organizations in turn structure acts of organizing.
A Geometrical Structure for Predator-Avoidance Fish Schooling

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper conducts a numerical study of a geometrical structure called $ε$-school for predator-avoidance fish schools, based on our previous mathematical model. Our results show that during a predator attack, the number of $ε$-school increases from one to a certain value. After the attack, the number of $ε$-school decreases in the first two predator-avoidance patterns, but continues to increase in the third pattern. A constant value for the number of the $ε$-school is observed in the last pattern. These suggests that when the predator is approaching, each individual in the school focuses more on avoiding the predator, rather than on interacting with its schoolmates. Such a trait is in agreement with real-life behavior in the natural ecosystem.
Menstrual exclusions and their psychological impact: A quantitative study on religious and cultural restrictions among women in South India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background: Menstruation remains a stigmatized and culturally regulated phenomenon, particularly in South India, where religious and cultural norms impose restrictions on menstruating women. These restrictions, including prohibitions from entering temples and participating in religious rituals, reinforce gender-based discrimination and may have significant psychological consequences. Despite progress in menstrual health awareness, these exclusions persist, necessitating empirical research to understand their prevalence and impact on well-being. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey design was employed, collecting data from 2511 women aged 18–45 across urban, semi-urban, and rural areas in South India. A structured questionnaire assessed demographic factors, experiences of menstrual exclusion, psychological impact (stress, anxiety, and self-esteem), and attitudes toward menstrual restrictions. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with descriptive statistics and inferential tests applied to determine associations between menstrual restrictions and psychological distress. Results: Findings reveal that 70.4% of respondents have faced menstrual restrictions, with higher prevalence in semi-urban and rural areas. Younger age groups (18–34) reported greater exposure to these restrictions. Temple entry bans affected 39%–47% of respondents, with exclusion from religious rituals more pronounced in rural and semi-urban settings. A significant proportion (69.7%) experienced moderate-to-extreme distress due to menstrual restrictions, whereas 57% reported some degree of social exclusion. While 40.7% of respondents opposed menstrual restrictions, 31.4% believed they were justified, indicating persistent cultural reinforcement. Conclusion: Menstrual restrictions remain a widespread issue in South India, with significant psychological consequences, particularly for younger women and those in rural settings. The findings highlight the need for awareness campaigns, policy interventions, and social advocacy to challenge discriminatory practices and promote menstrual inclusivity. Addressing menstrual stigma through education and community engagement is essential for fostering gender equity and improving the well-being of menstruating individuals.
Measurement of multiple physical parameters of dense gaseous hydrogen-deuterium mixture under double-shock compression: Evaluating theoretical models from multiple views

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A series of reverberating shock experiments on the precompressed hydrogen-deuterium (H-D) mixture were performed by using a two-stage light gas gun, and an elaborately designed diagnostic configuration was presented to probe the multishock states of dense fluid H-D mixtures. The particular diagnostics allowed multiple physical parameters, including the equation of state (EOS), refractive index, reflectivity, molecular polarizability, and energy gap, of H-D mixtures under double-shock compression to be simultaneously determined in a single shot. The multiple parameters obtained provide a comprehensive evaluation for existing theoretical models from multiple perspectives. It is found that, compared with the semilocal Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof xc functional, the EOS data predicted by a nonlocal van der Waals exchange-correlation (xc) functional (vdW-DF1) are in much better agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, the commonly used Gladstone–Dale relation is not appropriate for describing the refractive index in high-pressure-temperature regions, and the refractive index and reflectivity can be well reproduced by the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof hybrid xc functional. These observations may provide insights into future theoretical developments and a better understanding of material properties under extreme pressure-temperature conditions.
Physical fitness in relation to amount of physical exercise, body image, and locus of control among college men and women.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The relations of amount of exercise, body image, and locus of control to physical fitness were investigated. The Hall Physical Fitness Test Profile, the Winstead and Cash Body Self-relations Questionnaire, and the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale were administered to 243 freshmen. Students estimated the amount of time spent exercising on a 9-point scale ranging from no regular exercise to 10 or more hours per week for the preceding three months. Exercise included brisk walking, jogging, aerobics, and sports activities like soccer, tennis, and swimming. Increased fitness was associated with increased amounts of exercise, internal locus of control, and good body image. There was a statistically significant interaction between sex and amount of exercise. For students who exercised 2-4.9 hours per week, men were more fit than women. Fitness was comparable for men and women exercising less than two hours or at least five hours per week. Women had to exercise 5 or more hours weekly to achieve the fitness level of men who exercised 2 to 4.9 hours per week.
The food ofGaleus melastomus, Gadiculus argenteus thori, Trisopterus esmarkii, Rhinonemus cimbrius, andGlyptocephalus cynoglossus(Pisces) caught during the day with shrimp trawl in a West-Norwegian fjord

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The stomach contents of the five species were analysed with respect to frequencies, average numbers, and average weights of the food taxa. The food of G. a. thori, which was studied thoroughly for the first time, was dominated by euphausiaceans (mostly by Meganyctiphanes norvegica) copepods, and mysidaceans. In each of the other four species, the most important groups of animals in the food were the same as those found in previous studies. In T. esmarkii, R. cimbrius, and G. cynoglossus a positive correlation was found between the optimal lengths of the fish with respect to the proportions (by number) of the numerically dominant food species, and the sizes of these food species. Information on the vertical ranges of the food species with the highest frequencies was used to deduce the relative positions of the horizontal zones used for feeding by the fish species. G. cynoglossus mostly took its food on the bottom, R. cimbrius just above the bottom, T. esmarkii on a higher level, and G. a. thori on the highest level. The feeding zone of G. melastomus was vertically wider than those of the other species and its mean level was somewhere between the levels of R. cimbrius and T. esmarkii. The number of different food species eaten by a fish species, the numerical toll taken of a food species by a fish species, and the nutritional utilization made of a food species by a fish species were determined largely by 1) the composition of the potential food of the fish species, which was in turn determined by the vertical range used for feeding by the fish species, and by 2) selection with respect to the size of the food species, other kinds of selection being considered less important.
Phosphoinositides: Regulators of membrane traffic and protein function

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Phosphoinositides serve as important spatio‐temporal regulators of intracellular trafficking and cell signalling events. In addition to their recognition by specific phosphoinositide binding domains present within cytoplasmic adaptor proteins or membrane integral channels and transporters phosphoinositides may affect membrane transport by eliciting conformational changes within proteins or by regulating enzymatic activities. During adaptor‐mediated membrane traffic phosphoinositides form part of coincidence detection systems that aid in targeting pools of specific phosphoinositides to select intracellular transport pathways. In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms for conferring selectivity onto the phosphoinositide code as well as possible avenues for future research.
Design of Virtual Simulation Teaching Platform for Campus Robot Based on ROS-Gazebo

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper aims to address the limitations of current virtual simulation teaching platforms for robots, such as lack of versatility and timely instructional feedback. To achieve this, we have designed a campus robot virtual simulation teaching platform based on ROS-Gazebo. Firstly, the platform consists of a versatile human-computer interactive interface designed with QT, integrated with an algorithm library containing various classic algorithms required for experiments. Secondly, we have established a campus environment and a simulation robot using the Gazebo platform, while optimizing the kinematic model and other parameters of the robot. Finally, the feasibility of the platform is validated through hierarchical experimental teaching. Experimental results demonstrate the high fidelity of the platform in reproducing offline course experimental scenes, the flexibility in designing experimental content, and its ability to meet the needs of students with different abilities. Importantly, the designed environment exhibits practical equivalence to real experimental scenes and offers good portability, thereby laying a foundation for implementing robot experiments in real scenarios.
Evaluating the Impact of Social Media in 4th year Computer Engineering Courses

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The University of Alberta ECE department offers a computer security course CMPE 420, and a capstone design course CMPE 440 for 4th year Computer Engineering students. In 2009, we deployed educational technologies to enhance the learning experience in both courses. In CMPE 420, a class blog is used to introduce a critical perspective on the security of built systems. In CMPE 440, Wikis and Tablet PCs help streamline the design and construction of the capstone projects. Our goal in this thesis is to evaluate these interventions through in-class surveys. For CMPE 420, we have developed an instrument to identify differences in experience among students and determine the blog’s impact on student learning. In CMPE 440 we employ an instrument based on Technology Acceptance Theory. The results indicate that our interventions are successful with the course blog and the Wikis, but TPCs are not really successful.
How Does a Low Surface Brightness Galaxy Form Spiral Arms?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The formation and evolution of spiral arms in low surface brightness galaxies (LSBs) are not well understood. We study the dynamics of spiral arms in two prototypical LSBs, FGC 568-VI and FGC 568-01, using both analytical models and N -body + hydrodynamical simulations. We first consider the disk as a two-component system of gravitationally coupled stars and gas in the force field of a spherical dark matter halo, subjected to local, nonaxisymmetric perturbations. However, no local spirals are formed. We next assume the disk to be a one-component system of stars in the net gravitational potential of a galaxy with a spherical dark matter halo perturbed by a global m = 2 instability. In this case, the growth time for spiral formation was low, equal to 0.78 and 0.96 Gyr, respectively, corresponding to a few dynamical times of the galaxies. Finally, we simulate the LSBs using the N -body + hydrodynamical simulation code RAMSES. Our results show that a quadrupolar field associated with an oblate halo with an axial ratio of 0.7 is necessary to drive a long-lived global spiral in the LSB disks. Further, feedback corresponding to a supernova mass fraction of ∼0.05 is essential to comply with the observed stellar surface density. The simulated spirals survive for about 10 dynamical times and the average pattern speed lies between 10 and 15 km s −1 kpc −1 . The spiral arms thus formed are therefore a transient global pattern driven by the tidal field of the oblate dark matter halo.