jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Therapeutic Potential of a PRIMATIZED® Nondepleting Anti-CD4 (IDEC-CE9.1) Monoclonal Antibody in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Many of the studies employed murine antibodies and suffered from the development of anti-xenogeneic responses in recipients. The development of human anti-murine antibody responses (HAMA) has severely limited the use of murine antibodies in human trials, particularly those directed against chronic conditions, because neutralizing HAMA can rapidly bind newly injected MAbs, and thus impair therapeutic efficacy. A number of cynomolgus monkey heavy- and light-chain variable region immunoglobulin genes spanning five heavy-chain and three-light chain families were cloned and sequenced. Comparison of their framework regions to human consensus sequences showed that they ranged in homology from 85-98%. Antibody variable regions were isolated from heterohybridomas using a reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction. The macaque/human chimeric or PRIMATIZED® antibodies combine a high degree of homology to human immunoglobulin sequences with the ability of cynomolgus monkeys to produce high-affinity antibodies to human antigens.
Trust Fund: A Product Combining Waqf, Zakah and Sadaqah for Socio-Economic Agenda صندوق الاستئمان: منتج يجمع بين الوقف والزكاة والصدقة لتحقيق أهداف اجتماعية واقتصادية

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper introduces waqf, zakah and Sadaqah, which are currently being mobilized by the non-Financial Institutions (non-FIs) such as charitable organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) as additional components of Islamic finance industry, to complement the efforts of financial intermediaries as contributor to key socio-economic development. The paper presents various aspects of a case study of the use of Trust Fund Instrument by the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) for socio-economic development in its member countries including a project run with the cooperation of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Gates Foundation) for polio eradication in Pakistan as part of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). Towards the end of the paper, some recommendations are presented to push the activities of non-FIs in promoting waqf, zakah and Sadaqah via trust funds into the mainstream economy in a more coordinated, integrated and efficient manner at national and international levels. تقدم هذه الورقة أموال الوقف والزكاة والصدقة، التي تتحرك حاليًا من خلال المؤسسات غير المالية مثل الهيئات الخيرية والمنظمات غير الحكومية كمكونات إضافية في صناعة التمويل الإسلامي، لتكملة جهود مؤسسات الوساطة المالية كمساهمين في أسس التنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية. تعرض هذه الورقة الجوانب المختلفة لحالة دراسية عن استخدام البنك الإسلامي للتنمية أدوات صندوق الوقف في التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية بالدول الأعضاء والذي يتضمن مشروع استئصال مرض شلل الأطفال في الباكستان بالتعاون مع مؤسسة بيل وميليندا جيتس (مؤسسة جيتس) كجزء من المبادرة العالمية لاستئصال مرض شلل الاطفال. وفي نهاية الورقة، يتم تقديم بعض التوصيات بخصوص الأنشطة التي تقوم بها المؤسسات غير المالية لتنمية أموال الوقف والزكاة والصدقة لدفعها من خلال صناديق الوقف نحو التيار الرئيسي للاقتصاد بطريقة أكثر تنسيقا وتكاملا وفاعلية على المستويين القومي والعالمي.
A history of Islamic legal theories: an introduction to Sunnī uṣūl al-fiqh. By Wael B. Hallaq. pp. ix, 294. Cambridge etc., Cambridge University Press, 1997. £35.00.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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Hadrami Traders, Scholars and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s-1960s, edited by U. Freitag and W. G. Clarence-Smith. 392 pages, index, bibliography, maps. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 1997. Euro 105.98 (Cloth) ISBN 90-04-10771-1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Hadrami Traders, Scholars and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s-1960s, edited by U. Freitag and W. G. Clarence-Smith. 392 pages, index, bibliography, maps. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 1997. Euro 105.98 (Cloth) ISBN 90-04-10771-1 - Volume 35 Issue 1
DNA Exposure to Buckminsterfullerene (C60): Toward DNA Stability, Reactivity, and Replication

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Buckminsterfullerene (C(60)) has received great research interest due to its extraordinary properties and increasing applications in manufacturing industry and biomedical technology. We recently reported C(60) could enter bacterial cells and bind to DNA molecules. This study was to further determine how the DNA-C(60) binding affected the thermal stability and enzymatic digestion of DNA molecules, and DNA mutations. Nano-C(60) aggregates and water-soluble fullerenols were synthesized and their impact on DNA biochemical and microbial activity was investigated. Our results revealed that water-soluble fullerenols could bind to lambda DNA and improve DNA stability remarkably against thermal degradation at 70-85 °C in a dose-dependent manner. DNase I and HindIII restriction endonuclease activities were inhibited after interacting with fullerenols at a high dose. Experimental results also showed the different influence of fullerenol and nano-C(60) on their antibacterial mechanisms, where fullerenols contributed considerable impact on cell damage and mutation rate. This preliminary study indicated that the application of fullerenols results in significant changes in the physical structures and biochemical functions of DNA molecules.
Selective Dilithiation of [Ti(η5-C5H5)(η8-C8H8)] and Subsequent Conversion into Neutral and Cationic ansa-Complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Selective dimetalation of a sandwich complex featuring the cyclooctatetraene ligand has been accomplished for the first time. The isolation of the dilithiated species 1 subsequently enabled the isolation of a paramagnetic [2]stannatitanoarenophane (2) via salt elimination reaction. Chemical oxidation resulted in the formation of a rare example of a cationic ansa-complex (3).
Intercropping of Cabbage with Maize

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was carried out at the research field of Agricultural Research Station, Rajbari, Dinajpur (Latitude: 25.63544, Longitude: 88.65144) during rabi season of 2016-2017 and 2017-18 under AEZ-1 to find out the suitable crop combination for higher productivity and economic return. Five different treatments were employed in the study viz. T1= Sole maize (60cm x×20cm), T2= Maize planting (75cm×x 25cm) + 1 row cabbage (50cm×50cm) T3= Maize paired row (150cm/37.5cm x 25cm) + 2 rows cabbage (50cm x×50cm) T4=Maize planting (60cm x×20cm )+1 row cabbage (60cm x×50cm), T5= Maize paired row (120cm/30cm× x 20cm) + 2 rows cabbage (60cm x 50cm) were evaluated. Maize grain yield in intercropped combination varied from 6.60-9.23 t ha-1. But the highest maize yield was recorded in Maize planting (60cm x 20cm) + 1 row cabbage (60cm x 50cm) followed by that in maize paired row (150/37.5cm × 25cm) +2 rows cabbage (50cm x×50cm), while the highest cabbage yield was recorded in maize planting (60cm x 20cm) + 1 row cabbage(60cm x 50cm) between maize. The highest maize equivalent yield was also obtained in maize planting (60cm x 20cm) + 1 row cabbage (60cm x 50cm) followed by that in maize paired row (150/37.5cm x 25cm) + 2 rows cabbage (50cm x 50cm). The highest gross return, gross margin and BCR were obtained in maize planting (60cm × 20cm) + 1 row cabbage (60cm x 50cm) followed by that in maize paired row (150/37.5cm x 25cm) +2 rows cabbage(50cm x 50cm) and the lowest in sole sowing of maize. The overall results indicated that among the intercrop combinations maize planting (60cm x 20cm) + 1 row cabbage (60cm x 50cm) and maize paired row (150/37.5cm x 25cm) +2 rows cabbage (50cm x 50cm) were found suitable for total productivity and economic return of the system. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(1): 115-120
How Marine Plastic Pollution Education Develops Secondary School Students’ Sustainability Competences

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Marine plastic pollution is a global environmental challenge. Providing marine plastic pollution education is essential for combating marine plastic pollution. Knowledge about biodiversity and an understanding of how biodiversity should be safeguarded should be included in education on marine plastic pollution. This study provides answers about the knowledge, understanding and attitude that Norwegian secondary school students (n = 50) have about how marine plastic pollution affects biodiversity and how biodiversity can be protected. The results from the questionnaires (pre-test and post-test) and group interviews showed that after having completed their education, over half (51.4%) of the respondents possessed adequate knowledge of and a good understanding of how biodiversity can be safeguarded and 29.7% showed a good understanding of why microplastics pose a threat to biodiversity. 35.1% provided good arguments as to why they believe their actions will make a difference. However, the results were less promising with respect to how the international community should cooperate on sustainable development. This study provides a foundation for what should be included in the education of secondary school students on marine plastic pollution, and how it should be provided.
Cost‐effective dissolved oxygen monitor–controller for continuous culture

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A number of devices for the control of the dissolved oxygen (DO) tension in small continuous cultures are now in use, but because of the sophisticated proportional control employed, are prohibitively expensive for many applications. This report describes a flexible cost‐efficient DO monitor and controller which, including DO probe, valves, and gas solenoid, can be constructed for 400 dollars. The device employs two‐position control of gas flow and agitation speed and is readily adaptable to a variety of application; Construction, operation, and performance in conjunction with a small fermentor are briefly discussed.
Code Development for Collective Effects

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The presentation will cover approaches and strategies of modeling and implementing collective effects in modern simulation codes. We will review some of the general approaches to numerically model collective beam dynamics in circular accelerators. We will then look into modern ways of implementing collective effects with a focus on plainness, modularity and flexibility, using the example of the PyHEADTAIL framework, and highlight some of the advantages and drawbacks emerging from this method. To ameliorate one of the main drawbacks, namely a potential loss of performance compared to the classical fully compiled codes, several options for speed improvements will be mentioned and discussed. Finally some examples and application will be shown together with future plans and perspectives.
A Randomised Controlled Trial of Forward-Planned Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) for Early Breast Cancer: Interim Results at 2 Years Follow-Up.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: This large single centre trial was designed to investigate whether correction of dose inhomogeneities using IMRT reduces late toxicity and improves quality of life in patients with early breast cancer. We report interim results at 2 years follow-up.Materials and Methods: Standard tangential breast radiotherapy plans of 1145 trial patients were assessed for dose inhomogeneity as defined by ICRU recommendations. Patients with inhomogeneous plans were randomised to either IMRT or standard radiotherapy. Patients with homogenous plans were treated with standard radiotherapy, but were followed up within the trial as per randomised patients. The primary endpoint of the trial was photographic assessment of breast shrinkage. Secondary endpoints included photographic assessment of final cosmesis, clinical assessment of toxicity, and patient-reported symptoms and quality of life. All endpoints were scored using validated assessment methods. Data were collected on potential confounding factors which included: age at randomisation, smoking history, body mass index, co-morbidity such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease, use of hormones and/or chemotherapy, treated breast volume, and presence or absence of breast boost.Results: 330/1145 (29%) of patients had adequate dosimetry with standard 2D radiotherapy and were not randomised. In the 815 randomised patients, dosimetry was significantly improved in the interventional (IMRT) arm compared to the control. Currently, data from 632 randoimsed patients who have reached 2 years of follow up have been analysed. This interim analysis demonstrates that the incidence of telangiectasia in the control arm was significantly greater than in the interventional group (P = 0.024). Pre-radiotherapy surgical cosmesis significantly affected photographic assessment of final cosmesis, and clinical assessment of breast shrinkage and induration (P &lt; 0.0001). In randomised patients who had good surgical cosmesis, there was a significant difference improvement in final cosmesis with the use of IMRT (P = 0.038). The quality of life data has not been analysed at this stage.Discussion: This trial shows that the use of forward-planned IMRT can significantly improve dose homogeneity, and suggests that this translates into improvements in late toxicity at only 2 years from completion of radiotherapy. Surgical cosmesis appears to be a very important determinant of overall final cosmesis after 2 years of follow-up, and may mask any beneficial effects of IMRT at this early stage. It is highly likely that these trial patients will have not expressed their final level of toxicity at 2 years post-radiotherapy, and re-analysis is planned at 5 years from completion of radiotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 71.
Foreign body in the oesophagus.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Children and infants are apt to swallow a multitude of articles, such as beads, buttons, hair, coins, toys, fruit stones, and so on.For the most part the swallowed objects, depending of course on their size and shape, pass through the alimentary tract and are excreted without causing undue harm to the patient; however, on occasion, even a smooth swallowed, object can be the cause of dire effects, as in the patient whose history is reported here. CASE REPORTEarly in the morning of Boxing Day 1964 a boy aged 2 years 3 months was admitted to the British Military Hospital, Munster, having just vomited approximately 1 pint (0.6 litres) of bright red blood.The only history given by the parents was that he had been off his food and miserable for one week.On examination the child had pale mucosae, a pulse rate of 120 per minute, and was apyrexial.Nothing abnormal was detected in the chest or abdomen.The results of laboratory tests were as follows: haemoglobin, 10 g./100 ml.; packed cell volume, 30%; white blood cell count, 17,000/c.mm.; platelets, 112,000/c.mm.While a possible diagnosis was being considered the parents said that they thought he had swallowed a 10-pfennig coin a week earlier.Radiography of the chest revealed a coin lodged at the level of the tracheal bifurcation.There was no evidence of air in the media- stinum (see Fig.).Blood transfusion was started, and oesophago- scopy was performed.The coin was found at approximately 20 cm.distance from the upper teeth, and was removed without difficulty and without causing bleeding.The coin measured 22 mm. in diameter and was discoloured to a dark green. (The German Federal Government coins of this value consist of a central iron core coated with an alloy of copper and zinc.)
[Clinical and serological diversity in systemic sclerosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem connective tissue disease characterized by vascular damage with non-specific inflammation and progressive fibrosis. The disease exhibits a large heterogeneity in both clinical and serological features. This diversity refers to the course of the disease, which is difficult to predict in many cases. Although poor prognostic factors are well known, it is not always possible to predict the course of the disease and the prognosis. Furthermore, the activity of disease is difficult to assess since both reversible and irreversible lesions can occur in one patient. To date, numerous attempts have been made to assess the SSc activity. In 2017 the disease activity score was updated. Discrimination between an active phase of the disease and the disease with irreversible organ changes is of particular importance, when immunosuppressive treatment is considered, as this kind of therapy should be used in cases with active, reversible lesions. Moreover, while assessing the course of the disease, special attention is paid to the effects of serological markers on clinical symptoms and severity of the disease. Numerous ongoing studies focus on new serological biomarkers and their influence on internal organ involvement. This paper analyses our observations and presents literature review to determine the importance of various clinical and serological symptoms and their association with the course and the prognosis of SSc.
Silent Religion/Undermindlimb & Khaotic Molly - Empathy Against Society

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Silent Religion/undermindlimb & Khaotic Molly improvisation set... we have created a place full of empathy, foreign to rest of reality created a temple ... a temple 23 Claudio: percussions/drums Giovanna:voice Sara:sinth Teo:experimental bass,tape,drone,fx
Using TCAD, Response Surface Model and Monte Carlo Methods to Model Processes and Reduce Device Variation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Reduction of electrical parameter variation is essential to achieve high yield and reliability in semiconductor devices. However, variation depends on a large number of process factors, which are often interdependent. In this work, well-calibrated Technology Computer-Aided-Design process and device simulations were performed in a designed experiment to develop an efficient, surrogate response surface model (RSM) of the device parameters as a function of key process factors. Monte Carlo simulations were performed with the RSM to estimate variation and design systems to reduce variation. The approach, illustrated here specifically for peripheral n-type field-effect transistors in a dynamic random-access-memory process flow, is general, easy-to-implement, and a cost-effective way to systematically identify, model, and analyze process variation.
Role of Electronic Conduction in Stability of Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cells (SOEC)

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A series of control experiments were performed to explore the role of electronic conduction on the stability of SOECs using pure 8YSZ and CeO2-doped 8YSZ as electrolytes. Under similar conditions, the measured polarization resistances on the 8YSZ supported cells either increased or decreased after passing current for about 24 h while the polarization resistance remained fairly stable on the 5Ce8YSZ supported cells. The measured potential using an embedded Pt probe at the center of a 8YSZ supported cell started to fluctuate after passing current for ~50 h and reached the maximum amplitude at about 130 to 150 h. By contrast, the measured potential at the probe did not show fluctuations on a 8Ce8YSZ supported cell. The measured oxygen content after passing current through a 8YSZ supported cell was higher near the positive electrode and lower near the negative electrode. By contrast, the oxygen concentration throughout a 5Ce8YSZ supported cell was unchanged even after passing current.
Valuation of Small and Medium Enterprises: Critical Aspects of Method and Evaluation of Credit Risk

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The phenomenon of creation of business value by a firm must be rational and widely accepted, based on the professionalism and imagination of entrepreneurs and management as well as an ability to measure (Guatri and Bini, 2005). On a strictly technical level, the ability to measure the value of firm is a complex and delicate exercise. To simplify, we can define three ways in which value can be adjusted and expressed: assets, income and initiative risk.
1.1. Particulate Gravity Currents

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

[1] Canali are moderately sinuous channels, typically a few kilometers wide and hundreds of kilometers long, that occur principally on the plains of Venus. Plausible hypotheses for their formation include the following: open channels cut by exotic, low-viscosity lavas; roofed-over basaltic lava channels; or water on a cooler, wetter ancient Venus. Although it is accepted that a fluid cut these channels, none of these hypotheses are entirely satisfactory. It is therefore prudent to investigate other explanations. A particulate gravity current is a rapidly moving, sediment-laden flow that moves downslope as a result of its high density compared to the ambient fluid. This high density is produced by suspension of dense particles in a lower-density fluid. As these flows are largely driven by slope, rather than by momentum, they are potentially capable of traveling great distances, producing extensive channel systems. We apply this process to Venus, exploring its channel-forming potential via mathematical modeling and morphological comparison of submarine channels on Earth to canali on Venus. Results of our modeling show that atmospheric particulate gravity currents are physically and geologically plausible on Venus. The potential of this process to form channels of great length is such that particulate gravity currents can be considered as an alternate explanation for canali genesis.
Orthodromic Transfer of the Temporalis Muscle in Incomplete Facial Nerve Palsy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Temporalis muscle transfer produces prompt surgical results with a one-stage operation in facial palsy patients. The orthodromic method is surgically simple, and the vector of muscle action is similar to the temporalis muscle action direction. This article describes transferring temporalis muscle insertion to reconstruct incomplete facial nerve palsy patients.Methods Between August 2009 and November 2011, 6 unilateral incomplete facial nerve palsy patients underwent surgery for orthodromic temporalis muscle transfer. A preauricular incision was performed to expose the mandibular coronoid process. Using a saw, the coronoid process was transected. Three strips of the fascia lata were anchored to the muscle of the nasolabial fold through subcutaneous tunneling. The tension of the strips was adjusted by observing the shape of the nasolabial fold. When optimal tension was achieved, the temporalis muscle was sutured to the strips. The surgical results were assessed by comparing pre- and postoperative photographs. Three independent observers evaluated the photographs.Results The symmetry of the mouth corner was improved in the resting state, and movement of the oral commissure was enhanced in facial animation after surgery.Conclusions The orthodromic transfer of temporalis muscle technique can produce prompt results by applying the natural temporalis muscle vector. This technique preserves residual facial nerve function in incomplete facial nerve palsy patients and produces satisfying cosmetic outcomes without malar muscle bulging, which often occurs in the turn-over technique.