jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neoplastic disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Survival rates for childhood cancer have improved sufficiently that research can be focused on reduction in morbidity without compromising cure. In Wilms' tumor emphasis has been on subtotal nephrectomy and minimizing radiotherapy. Even with unfavorable histology and advanced disease, cure is possible in 80%. Survivors who now are adults have a risk of renal failure between zero and 71% depending on the volume of kidney that has been removed. Hypertension is common. At least half remain fertile. For rhabdomyosarcoma the survival rate is currently 47% to 93% depending on the site of origin, histology, and stage. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment, with surgery and radiation for residual disease. Functional outcome depends on the preservation of the organ of origin. Adult survivors of paratesticular rhabdos may have had an RPLND and thus retrograde ejaculation. Gonadal radiation puts fertility at risk. Radiation of the bladder will leave at least a third with dysfunctional voiding. Survivors of all childhood cancers have a risk of premature death (five to 11-fold) or long-term morbidity. The latter depends on the original treatment but includes hemorrhagic cystitis from cyclophosphamide, neuropathy from vincristine, and reduced fertility.
Tribological Properties of a C/C–SiC–Cu Composite Brake Disc

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A life-size composite brake disc was produced from Si, carbon–carbon composite, copper, and phenol resin. The disc had an outer radius Ø380, inner radius Ø180, and thickness of 36 mm. Chopped carbon fibers were used to reinforce frictional and structural layers. To obtain a preform of each layer, resin and carbon-fibers were mixed and hot-pressed. The preforms were pyrolyzed, and bonded by hot pressing. Finally Si and Cu infiltration in vacuum atmosphere was carried out to obtain a C/C–SiC–Cu x Si y composite brake disc. The density of the disc was 2.17 g/cm3. The bending strength was 61 MPa. The heat transfer coefficients in vertical and horizontal directions were 30.7, and 85.2 W/m-°C at 25°C, respectively. Friction coefficients of the C/C–SiC–Cu x Si y brake disc were more stable than those of C/C–SiC brake discs. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that Cu formed a compound, Cu3Si.
T-cell responses to highly conserved CD4 and CD8 epitopes on the outer membrane protein of bovine leukemia virus: relevance to vaccine development

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that infects cattle and sheep and may provide a model for studying human leukemia. Cell-mediated immune mechanisms may play a major role in protection against BLV infection. We describe here for the first time the identification of proliferative (CD4) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CD8) epitopes of the gp51 envelope (env) protein of BLV. This protein and a recombinant form expressed by a vaccinia virus construct have been shown to be potential vaccine candidates. A complete series of overlapping peptides, 20 amino acids in length, was prepared to identify epitopes from gp51. These peptides were tested for the ability to elicit peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in infected and uninfected cattle and sheep. Peptides 51-70 and 61-80 produced a proliferative response in lymphocytes from only uninfected animals (both sheep and cattle), and this was shown by T-cell subset deletion to be a CD4-mediated response. Seven BLV-infected sheep did not show a response to either peptide. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity, however, was associated only with peptides 121-140 and 131-150. In this case, the response was demonstrated to be CD8 dependent and was found only in BLV-infected animals (sheep). Knowledge of the location of these T-cell recognition domains will complement data available on B-cell epitopes in gp51 and may be useful in the design of a subunit vaccine.
SYNTHESIS AND SWELLING BEHAVIOR OF POLY (NCA-co-AM/AMPS Na) HYDROGELS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Poly( N-cyclohexylacrylamide -co –acrylamide / AMPS Na) Hydrogels were synthesized by free-radical copolymerization in Water/Methanol medium using Ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator and N,Nmethylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker at 60 0 C . The amount of N-cyclohexylacrylamide (NCA) and Acrylamide (AM) monomers was fixed and the amount of AMPS Na was varied. The Hydrogels were characterized by IR spectroscopy. The swelling behavior of Hydrogels studied by Gravimetric method and the degree of swelling was increased when increasing the amount of AMPS Na .The surface morphology was studied by SEM analysis.
The role of media pressure on the disclosure of sustainability information by local governments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The aim of this study is to analyse the level of environmental, economic, and social engagement disclosed by local governments, taking into account factors such as political ideology and media pressure. Design/methodology/approach – The authors analysed 102 large Spanish municipalities, using data from 2011. An econometric model was used based on dependency techniques for cross-sectional data. The Tobit technique is suitable, since it enables the authors to address particular considerations of extreme scores on the dependent variable. Findings – The results show that local governments report less strategic and socio-economic information when subjected to strong media pressure, because the press tends to focus on unusual, negative news, and ignores other issues such as the environment. However, in municipalities governed by left-wing parties, media pressure actually promotes disclosure of this type of information. Research limitations/implications – It would be interesting to create an information index which includes local governments' disclosure, spanning a period of several years. Practical implications – Particularly in municipalities governed by a left-wing party, media pressure favours the disclosure of sustainability information, including information about the municipal corporation and strategic and social issues. Originality/value – This study analyses the impact of the press on the disclosure of sustainability information by local governments and also tests the moderating effect of the ruling party's political ideology. The authors did not find any paper that had analysed this impact before.
Controlled proteolysis of the purified Ca2+-ATPase of the erythrocyte membrane. A correlation between the structure and the function of the enzyme.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The purified Ca2+-pumping ATPase of the erythrocyte plasma membrane has been subjected to a controlled proteolytic treatment with trypsin. The treatment has been previously shown to shift the enzyme from low to high Ca2+ affinity in the absence of calmodulin. The treatment leads to the fragmentation of the ATPase molecule into a number of products and to the accumulation of major limit polypeptides having Mr of 14,000, 28,000, 33,500, 48,000, and 76,000. The 33,500 Mr fragment reacts with 3(trifluoromethyl)-3 (m-[125I]iodophenyl)-diazirine, suggesting that it contains intramembrane regions of the enzyme. A number of minor fragmentation products were also formed, among them a polypeptide of Mr = 90,000 which is rapidly degraded further and a limit polypeptide of Mr about 25,000. [125I]Iodoazidocalmodulin cross-linked only to the original ATPase and to the fragments with Mr = 90,000 and Mr about 25,000. The Mr = 90,000 fragment can be isolated on calmodulin-Sepharose and on phenothiazine affinity columns. It retains the functional properties of the intact pump; it has a calmodulin-responsive ATPase activity and it actively accumulates Ca2+ upon incorporation into liposomes. Further proteolysis of the Mr = 90,000 fragment produces a fragment of Mr = 81,000-76,000 which forms an acylphosphate intermediate, which does not bind to calmodulin-Sepharose, and which seems to be responsible for the calmodulin-insensitive activity which appears as it is produced. A model is presented which postulates a major and a minor degradation pattern and rationalizes the pattern of proteolysis and of the [125I]iodoazidocalmodulin binding observed.
The reactions of 1,10-phenanthroline with yeast alcohol dehydrogenase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Freshly prepared samples of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) were inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline at pH 7.0 and 0 degrees C in a two-stage process. The first step appeared to be slowly established, but was rendered reversible by removal of reagent or by addition of excess Zn2+ ions. The second step was irreversible and was associated with the dissociation of the tetrameric enzyme. The presence of saturating concentrations of NAD+ or NADH promoted and enhanced inhibition by the slowly established reversible process, but prevented dissociation of the enzyme. For the incubation mixtures containing NAD+, removal of the 1,10-phenanthroline resulted in virtually complete recovery of activity, whereas, for the incubation mixtures containing NADH, removal of the reagent gave only partial re-activation. The presence of NAD+ and pyrazole, or NADH and acetamide, in incubation mixtures with the enzyme gave rise to ternary complexes that gave protection against both forms of inactivation by 1,10-phenanthroline. The results support the view that at least some of the Zn2+ ions associated with yeast alcohol dehydrogenase have a catalytic, as opposed to a purely structural, role.
Development of a primary care curriculum for medical undergraduates in Malaysia: A Delphi study / Haymond Prasad Narayanan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Over the last few decades, primary care has been recognized as a cornerstone for an
efficient and effective healthcare system. However, the discipline is now facing
challenges like the shortage of primary care doctors, which has been attributed to the
hidden curriculum of undergraduate medical programs. The aim of this project is to
develop a primary care curriculum for medical undergraduates in Malaysia. A Delphi
survey, which consisted of three iterative rounds with feedback, was used for this research
project. The participants consisted of primary care experts who are also involved with
undergraduate primary care teaching. The experts were selected based on criteria which
were developed with two senior academicians in undergraduate primary care medical
education. The final developed curriculum contained 34 core clinical topics and 15 core
Entrustable professional activities (EPAs). The developed curriculum provides a list of
core clinical topics that should be taught as part of undergraduate primary care curriculum
and the expected EPAs of a new graduate on the first day of entering the primary
department as a houseofficer. This work may inform policies and guidelines, and also
influence undergraduate primary care education at various medical schools. This may
promote and encourage more doctors to choose primary care. Furthermore, it addresses
the gap in knowledge about education in primary care in Malaysia.
Keywords : curriculum development, primary care, entrustable professional activities,
Delphi, medical education
Women entrepreneurship in India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Women Entrepreneurship plays an important role in industrial development. Women entrepreneurship is closely connected with instrumental societal and economic benefits. Not only have women lower contribution rates in entrepreneurship than men but they generally choose to start and manage firms unconcerned industries than men tend to do. In modern India, more women are taking up entrepreneurial activity especially in micro, small and medium scale enterprises. Women in India are showing an interest to be economically independent. Gender equality and economic development go hand in hand. The development is further visible among high families in urban areas. Rural women have primary responsibility for agricultural production, additionally to domestic responsibilities and childcare. In developing countries like India where the economic position of women is really pathetic especially in rural areas and opportunities of earning are very less. To sustain within the reasonable market, businesses administered by women are mainly hooked into internal property and their capabilities supported which they great effort to compete with the external ambience. This study concludes that women entrepreneurs should be provided with particular training facilities to overcome challenges and for developing their skills and talents.
Dynamic Fluorescent Imaging of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag in Live Cells by Biarsenical Labeling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag is the primary structural protein of the virus and is sufficient for particle formation. We utilized the recently developed biarsenical-labeling method to dynamically observe HIV-1 Gag within live cells by adding a tetracysteine tag (C-C-P-G-C-C) to the C terminus of Gag in both Pr55 Gag expression and full-length proviral constructs. Membrane-permeable biarsenical compounds FlAsH and ReAsH covalently bond to this tetracysteine sequence and specifically fluoresce, effectively labeling Gag in the cell. Biarsenical labeling readily and specifically detected a tetracysteine-tagged HIV-1 Gag protein (Gag-TC) in HeLa, Mel JuSo, and Jurkat T cells by deconvolution fluorescence microscopy. Gag-TC was localized primarily at or near the plasma membrane in all cell types examined. Fluorescent two-color analysis of Gag-TC in HeLa cells revealed that nascent Gag was present mostly at the plasma membrane in distinct regions. Intracellular imaging of a Gag-TC myristylation mutant observed a diffuse signal throughout the cell, consistent with the role of myristylation in Gag localization to the plasma membrane. In contrast, mutation of the L-domain core sequence did not appreciably alter the localization of Gag, suggesting that the PTAP L domain functions at the site of budding rather than as a targeting signal. Taken together, our results show that Gag concentrates in specific plasma membrane areas rapidly after translation and demonstrate the utility of biarsenical labeling for visualizing the dynamic localization of Gag.
Sustainable rice production in African inland valleys : Seizing regional potentials through local approaches

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

With an estimated surface area of 190Mha, inland valleys are common landscapes in Africa. Due to their general high agricultural production potential, based on relatively high and secure water availability and high soil fertility levels compared to the surrounding uplands, these landscapes could play a pivotal role in attaining the regional objectives of food security and poverty alleviation. Besides agricultural production, i.e. mainly rice-based systems including fish-, vegetable- fruit- and livestock production, inland valleys provide local communities with forest, forage, hunting and fishing resources and they are important as water buffer and biodiversity hot spots. Degradation of natural resources in these vulnerable ecosystems, caused by indiscriminate development for the sole purpose of agricultural production, should be avoided. We estimate that, following improved water and weed management, production derived from less than 10% of the total inland valley area could equal the total current demand for rice in Africa. A significant part of the inland valley area in Africa could hence be safeguarded for other purposes.
Adjunctive Testing in the Evaluation of Adults After Kawasaki Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute Kawasaki disease (KD) is diagnosed and treated by pediatricians, but decades later, these individuals are presenting to adult cardiologists with a variety of cardiovascular sequelae, including myocardial ischemia and infarction, congestive heart failure secondary to myocardial fibrosis, and claudication because of vascular insufficiency from thrombosed peripheral arteries. There are no clinical trials to guide management, interventions, and medical therapy in this patient population. This review summarizes the emerging information regarding evaluation of the cardiovascular status of adults decades after childhood KD.
Inhibition of retinal neovascularization by siRNA targeting VEGF(165).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Retinal neovascularization in the murine model was significantly attenuated by pSilencer(siVEGF) through decreasing VEGF(164) levels in the retinas. pSilencer(siVEGF) seems to be a potential therapeutic tool for ischemic-induced retinal diseases.
Dissipation Dynamics of Imidacloprid Residue in Different Saline Soils

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A method was developed for determining imidacloprid in soil using high performance liquid chromatography with UV-vis detector. The dissipation of imidacloprid in saline soil was also investigated under field and laboratory controlled conditions. The average recoveries ranged from 84.4 to 88.1% with relative standard deviations of 2.0 to 3.2% at three spiking levels (0.05, 0.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) in soil matrix. Under the field conditions, the half-life of imidacloprid in soil ranged from 8.6 to 11.4 days in Dongying and from 9.3 to 12.1 days in Binzhou. The dissipation rates of imidacloprid were almost same in the two locations. Under the laboratory conditions, the half-life of imidacloprid in soil with 0.3% NaCl was slightly longer than that in the soil without NaCl, which indicated that the dissipation of imidacloprid could be retarded in soil under salinity stress. These results could provide guidance for risk assessment and proper use of imidacloprid in relative saline regions.
Determination of the Capacity to Antagonistic towards Pathogenic Fungi and Identification of Anaphalis lactea Endophytic Bacteria RC14

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study is focused on the endophytic bacterium RC14 of dominant plant Anaphalis lactea in alpine grassland.Antimicrobial spectra of RC14 are determined using PDA-plate confrontation.Morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics of RC14 are identified using 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis.Results show that RC14 has a capacity to inhibit roots pathogens and leaf spot pathogens in several varieties of plants,and can inhibit pathogenic fungi such as Bipolaris,Botrytis,Fusarium,Alternaria and Rhizoctonia indicating a wide antimicrobial spectrum of RC14.RC14 is gram-positive with 1.9~3.3 μm×0.7~0.8 μm rod-shape and can produce spore in the center.Morphological characteristics,physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis show that RC14 is Bacillus subtilis.This study will provide evidence for exploring and utilizing antimicrobial endophytic bacteria in alpine grassland and will also provide strain resource for making biological pesticides.
Generating Minimal Controller Sets for Mixing MMAC

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Multiple model adaptive control (MMAC) is an adaptive control method designed for plant parameter uncertainty given both linear and non-linear plant models. For a system subject to varying operating conditions, the number of controllers necessary to guarantee stable control under nominal-plant uncertainty, or under multiple operating conditions, are both unknown. We propose a learning-based controller synthesis approach that can guarantee stability of a system subject to varying operating conditions. We adopt a convex hull (CH)-based multiple-model controller estimation algorithm that only requires N + M + 1 controllers, where N is the dimension of a compact nominal uncertainty parameter set Θ, and M is the number of additive faults. We empirically validate this result for a quadcopter, which is subject to faults in rotors and sensors as well as to adverse wind conditions.
Novice Teacher Self-Efficacy in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Examination of Variance Between First-Career and Career-Switcher Teachers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the variance of teacher self-efficacy between novice teachers and career-switching teachers in a local school district during the COVID-19 pandemic. More specifically, the study focused on the variation between teachers who are starting a career for the first time, and teachers who are entering the profession from another field. By examining teacher self-efficacy between these two groups on novice teachers, school districts and other educators can create support materials designed for the needs of each career-status teacher. Studying the teacher self-efficacy of teachers who have differing career backgrounds is essential because school districts are increasing their recruitment of alternative candidates to close the gap in teacher shortages. Consequently, teachers are entering the profession with a high level of preparation, or inadequate preparation. This research contributes to the collective knowledge of supporting and examining the challenges of novice teachers. Their variation in self-efficacy also adds to the fundamental theories of self-efficacy, social learning, and social cognitive theory. A survey was sent out to 198 novice teachers in the school district. The survey, the Teachers’ Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) along with demographic and supplemental free response questions, measured specific self-efficacy scores on three factors: student engagement, classroom management, and instructional strategies. There was no significant statistical difference between total teacher self-efficacy between the novice groups of teachers. The free response questions from the survey, however, did present variations in teacher self-efficacy between the two groups.
Synthesis of antileishmanial (5R)-(-)-5-carbomethoxy-3-formyl-5,6-dihydroindolo-[2,3-a]-indolizine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Synthesis of 5-carbomethoxy-3-formyl-5,6-dihydroindolo-[2,3-a]indolizines (10 and 12) and 6carbomethoxy-3-hydroxy-6,7-dihydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizinium sulphates (11 and 13) have been achieved.Interestingly, the compound (5R)-(-)-5-carbomethoxy-3-formyl-5,6dihydroindolo[2,3-a]indolizine (10) intercalated mannose-grafted microspheres was found to be an effective drug, whereas its optical antipode 12 showed no activity at all, against parasite, Leishmania donovani strain AG83 in hamsters model both in-vitro and in-vivo.