jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Quantum Yield of Photosystem II by Hyperosmotic Stress in <italic>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</italic>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Addition of ethylene glycol (EG) or NaCl to cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii induced transient non-photochemical quenching of Chl fluorescence correlated with the inhibition of photosynthetic oxygen evolution. The induction of the quenching and subsequent recovery proceeded not only in the light but also in the dark. The quenching was almost unaffected by the protonophore nigericin, suggesting the involvement of a type of non-photochemical quenching attributable to a state 2 transition. Higher concentrations of EG or NaCl caused a delay of the recovery of the maximum fluorescence yield (Fm′). Dark reduction rate of P700+ after the application of a flash light in the presence of DCMU was enhanced by the hyperosmotic shock, suggesting a stimulated reduction of the intersystem electron carriers. It is proposed that the osmotic stress stimulates electron donation from stromal components via the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, which results in the reduction of the intersystem chain and triggering of a state 2 transition leading to stimulated cyclic PSI activity.
Origin of interhemispheric fibers in acallosal opossum (with a comparison to callosal origins in rat)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The neocortical origins of the anterior commissure in the acallosal, marsupial opossum were studied with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. Following complete surgical transection of the anterior commissure, HRP was applied directly to the cut fiber tips. This procedure resulted in very large numbers of vividly labeled cells within the neocortex. The labeled cells were plotted and counted for comparison among cytoarchitectonic areas and among cortical layers. For comparative purposes, the neocortical origins of the corpus callosum are studied with the same procedure in the rat. No cytoarchitectonic area was entirely devoid of labeled cells in either species. The concentration of labeled cells throughout the entire neocortex averaged 25.2 cells/0.05 mm 3 in opossum and 31.2 cells/0.05 mm 3 in rat. The concentrations of labeled cells were correlated for the eight cytoarchitectonic areas common to the two species, though they were different enough in number to be statistically reliable. The distribution of labeled cells both among and within cytoarchitectonic areas was often more homogeneous in opossum than in rat. Although cortical layer 1 had no labeled cells in either species, the distribution of labeled cells across the remaining cortical layers differed sharply between the two species. In opossum, layer 3 had the most labeled cells (averaging 55% of the total number) while layer 5 had considerably less (averaging 12%). In rat, layer 5 had as many labeled cells as layer 3–both layers averaging 43% of the total number of labeled cells. In both species, striate cortex deviated markedly from other cytoarchitectonic areas. Although both species had very few labeled cells in striate cortex, those that were labeled were invariably supragranular in opossum and infragranular in rat. The similarities and dissimilarities in the topographic distribution of the origins of the two types of interhemispheric fiber systems seem to parallel the degree of cortical (and thalamic) differentiation in the two animals. However, the differences in laminar distribution are much greater and in particular, the small contribution of layer 5 in opossum as opposed to rat may well be functionally significant.
The Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Louisiana: An Updated, Annotated Checklist

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

© 2018 Entomological Society of Washington. All rights reserved. An annotated checklist is provided for 243 species and subspecies of bees collected from or thought to occur in the state of Louisiana, where 163 are confirmed records, 46 are probable records, and 34 are possible records. We also list twelve records considered to be "dubious" because of the absence of supporting collection data and extralimital reported ranges. Data on parish localities, seasonality, and floral records are provided when available. Specimen data are provided from two separate surveys in the state, one focusing on the fauna of longleaf pine savannas and another focusing on Cajun prairie habitat in southwestern Louisiana. Data from a previous annotated checklist of bees from longleaf pine savannas (Bartholomew et al. 2006) are included, as well as online records from the Discover Life checklist (Ascher and Pickering 2016), and bee holdings of the Louisiana State Arthropod Museum (LSAM, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA).We highlight the role that this museum and similar small institutional insect collections play in documenting faunas on local and regional scales.
Title: Yeast Protein Release during Fermentation and Aging in a Model Wine.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Yeast mannoproteins released during the process of aging wine on the yeast lees have been reported to make important contributions to wine quality. However, few mannoproteins have been identified in wine and their lifespan during aging is unknown. As a first step towards better understanding the contributions of yeast mannoproteins to wine quality, a model system was used to follow changes in yeast protein release, and to identify the released proteins over a 9-month time course following completion of fermentation. Model musts were fermented in duplicate by a number of commercial yeast strains, including BM45 and RC212, and were stored on the yeast lees post-fermentation with monthly stirring at 15°C. Wine samples were taken during and after fermentation, and following removal of suspended solids, total protein and total mannoproteins were measured, and individual proteins were identified—but not quantified—by HPLC-MS of tryptic fragments. The total number of identified proteins in all samples increased from between 3-15 following inoculation, to between 70-80 after one month on the lees, and decreased to about 20 after 6 months on the lees. Over 50 % of the identified proteins
A Theoretical Analysis of Efficiency Constrained Utility-Privacy Bi-Objective Optimization in Federated Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively learn a shared model without sharing their individual data. Concerns about utility, privacy, and training efficiency in FL have garnered significant research attention. Differential privacy has emerged as a prevalent technique in FL, safeguarding the privacy of individual user data while impacting utility and training efficiency. Within Differential Privacy Federated Learning (DPFL), previous studies have primarily focused on the utility-privacy trade-off, neglecting training efficiency, which is crucial for timely completion. Moreover, differential privacy achieves privacy by introducing controlled randomness (noise) on selected clients in each communication round. Previous work has mainly examined the impact of noise level ($σ$) and communication rounds ($T$) on the privacy-utility dynamic, overlooking other influential factors like the sample ratio ($q$, the proportion of selected clients). This paper systematically formulates an efficiency-constrained utility-privacy bi-objective optimization problem in DPFL, focusing on $σ$, $T$, and $q$. We provide a comprehensive theoretical analysis, yielding analytical solutions for the Pareto front. Extensive empirical experiments verify the validity and efficacy of our analysis, offering valuable guidance for low-cost parameter design in DPFL.
PTH-058 A Centres Experience Of Setting Up A New Bowel Cancer Screening Centre And Preparing For Bowel Scope

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction The population served by the Merseyside and North Cheshire Programme was 1.7 million based at University Hospitals Aintree was asked to split because of the imminent introduction of Bowel scope. Authorisation for forming of new centre at the Royal Liverpool Hospital (RLH) by central office was granted in the summer 2013 and implementation was required by February 2014. Methods The Liverpool and Wirral Bowel screening centre (LandW BSC) was formed with a 45% share of the in the population. The service was designed with the aim to run the FOBT service and then introduce the Bowel Scope (BS) as second wave for the serving population of 802,000. Results Workforce: The current workforce at the Royal Liverpool (RLH) included 4x BCSP screening colonoscopists of which one became Clinical Director of the centre. The endoscopy service manager supportive for the nursing and operational aspects and the Endoscopy Admin manager supported the administration aspect. There was full managerial backing by the directorate manager. In addition, programme manager, Lead SSP, 3x New SSPs, 4x admin staff were appointed. Collaborations and Engagement: The logistical issues and training of the new SSPs and Admin staff was heavily facilitated by the current Merseyside and Cheshire programme. Engagement and support also included the National Team, CCG, Local QA team and Screening and Immunisation Regional Team. Implementation group representation from all parties. A business was supported by the trust board. The strong collaboration was made with the team from Arrowe Park Hospital (APH). BowelScope: Stategically, new urology centre had spare capacity for 8 lists to include some evenings and weekends sessions at Broadgreen Hospital was identified as good access site for Liverpool. For the Wirral site, APH was identified as the site to deliver bowelscope and for the population would require 4 lists. Eight endoscopists were further identified (6 nurse endoscopists, 1 Fellow and 1 radiographer-also programme manager) as needing accreditation for bowelscope. All mentees were assigned a mentor (3 BCSP colonoscopists) and put on the pre-accreditation course at RLH. Exams were planned over 3, UKdays for all the endoscopists in April 2014. Prior to the exam, all endoscopists, had 2 flexi lists booked with their mentors at RLH as well as ad-hoc sessions to help with MCQ. Outcome: The LandW BCSC got approval by national office in Jan 2014 with a go live date in Feb to take over FOBT service. Bowelscope is planned for September 2014. Conclusion The setting up of a new centre in such a short period of time was extremely challenging but successful due to good team work, planning and collaboration. Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
Be Careful What You Wish For: Unintended Consequences of Increasing Reliance on Technology

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Belk describes many important risks that increased reliance on technology poses for our society and economy. In this commentary, we focus on the concrete risks that such reliance may pose to individual consumers on a daily basis. Such risks include technology addiction, decreased willingness to struggle, impaired childhood development, decreased connection to nature, diminished sense of competence and free will, and degradation of automated skills. We also discuss potential approaches for alleviating some of these risks, including mindfulness training and humane technology design. We conclude with a broader discussion of the distinction between human and machine and balancing the costs and benefits of technologies which blur that distinction.
Ukrainian-Slovak relations milestones in the context of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article deals with the areas of Ukrainian-Slovak relations, in which changes took place under the influence of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement provisions and the tendencies in the development of the bilateral relations in new institutional and geopolitical conditions. The conclusion is made that institutional environment between Kyiv and Brussels, which began to form in 2014 with the beginning of the signing of the Аssocaition Agreeement has the significant influence on the development of bilateral diplomatic, economic, trade relations, migration trends of Ukrainian citizens to Slovakia. More attention has to be paid to the practical convergence of socio-economic development of border territories and the stimulation of the cross-border practices of local communities, the support of business and public bilateral initiatives and projects.
Learning by Highly Autonomous Sensors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A formal theory for the development of a generic model of an autonomous sensor is described. This model can be viewed as addressing a somewhat specific area of autonomous agent models. Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of this work is that it concentrates on the sensor itself whereas autonomous agents assume that the sensory input is complete and accurate to the degree that it needs to be. Building intelligent systems in engineering implies embedding the capabilities of the system operator in the model. These capabilities are not simply rules and facts, but also reasoning and decision making methodologies. So we present the notion of considering a sensor as an autonomous agent itself and call it highly autonomous, since no system can be completely autonomous. A highly autonomous sensor (HAS) not only interprets the acquired data in accordance with an embedded expert system knowledge base, but is also capable of learning and thereby improving its performance over time. This paper will concentrate on the learning aspects of the HAS model. The model is generic and can be used to instantiate any sensor as a HAS.
Trophoblastic Tumours

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper reports the results of chemotherapy in patients with trophoblastic tumours during the past five years.Some observations on possible lines of developments in this field are made.A total of 28 patients were seen and 23 were treated.Details of those treated are summarized in Table I.The decision to use chemotherapy was based on all the data available for each patient.In most instances these data were clinical, radiological, hormonal, and histological, but in some patients tumour tissue was not available for histological examination. Classification of Treated PatientsChoriocarcinoma.-A diagnosis of choriocarcinoma was made on material from 12 patients, using the criteria of Novak and Seah (1954).Eleven of these had pulmonary metastases and five also had intracranial metastases.Chorioadenoma Destruens.-Twopatients were classified as having chorioadenoma destruens.One had developed pulmonary metastases six months after hysterectomy.The other had no metastases radiographically but had electro- cardiographic evidence of pulmonary embolism by tumour.Unclassified Trophoblastic Tumours.-Onhistological grounds nine patients could not be classified.The diagnosis in these patients depended essentially on the finding of high gonadotrophin levels in the presence of a disease- complex consistent with tumours of the trophoblast.Seven of these had preceding hydatidiform moles.Six had
Technological interventions in functional capacity evaluations: An insight into current applications

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) is a crucial component within return-to-work decision making. However, clinician-based physical FCE interpretation may introduce variability and biases. The rise of technological applications such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, could ensure consistent and precise results. OBJECTIVE: This review investigates the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in physical FCEs specific for return-to-work assessments. METHODS: Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted across five databases, extracting study specifics, populations, and technological tools employed, through dual independent reviews. RESULTS: Nine studies were identified that used ICT in FCEs. These technologies included electromyography, heart rate monitors, cameras, motion detectors, and specific software. Notably, although some devices are commercially available, these technologies were at a technology readiness level of 5–6 within the field of FCE. A prevailing trend was the combined use of diverse technologies rather than a single, unified solution. Moreover, the primary emphasis was on the application of technology within study protocols, rather than a direct evaluation of the technology usability and feasibility. CONCLUSION: The literature underscores limited ICT integration in FCEs. The current landscape of FCEs, marked by a high dependence on clinician observations, presents challenges regarding consistency and cost-effectiveness. There is an evident need for a standardized technological approach that introduces objective metrics to streamline the FCE process and potentially enhance its outcomes.
Canada's obstetricians call for a national birthing strategy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Canada is facing a crisis in obstetric care because more women are dying in childbirth and the country's position relative to other countries for infant and perinatal mortality has fallen, the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada says.

The country must address shortages in maternity care staff and investigate ways to provide optimal care of mothers and newborns to achieve better outcomes, the society says.

Data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development show that in 1990 Canada was one of the world's safest places to give birth, ranking sixth on …
The Effect of Epidural Morphine-Bupivacaine Combined with a Low Dose of Naloxone on Respiratory Function and Analgesia in Patients with Chronic Low-Back Pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Context: Hypoventilation and apnea after epidural morphine is a serious concern after surgery and an issue in chronic pain. A low dose of naloxone added to morphine can prevent this complication.
Objective: To determine that the low dose of naloxone added to epidural morphine analgesic could change the effect of this opioid in chronic low back pain. In addition, we evaluate its effect on respiratory function and patient satisfaction.
Patients: Twenty-seven adults suffering from chronic low back pain (LBP) who were candidates for epidural injection treatment.
Intervention: This was a randomized double-blind, uniform crossover, controlled clinical trial. The patients were treated with mixture of morphine-bupivacaine and mixture of morphine-bupivacaine-naloxone.
Main outcome measure: The primary goals were to evaluate pain intensity and respiratory function after epidural injection of morphine or morphine combined with naloxone.
Secondary end-points were the incidence and the side effects (pruritus, nausea, vomiting, and urinary retention) of neuraxial injection of morphine or morphine combined with naloxone for 14 days after each epidural injection.
Results: There was no significant difference between morphine and morphine combined with naloxone on mean peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2m), the lowest peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), and the respiratory disturbance index (RDI). Morphine combined with naloxone seemed to decrease pain more than morphine alone, but the result was not significant (p=0.2116). In the group that received morphine and naloxone, pain decreased sooner by half from baseline pain (at day 2 versus at day 6) than the other group. Vomiting, pruritus, and urinary retention were seen with no significant difference in both groups.
Conclusion: We conclude that epidural administration of naloxone can preserve the analgesic effect of morphine in treatment of chronic LBP. Naloxone does not have any effects on respiratory function. It reduces itching, nausea, and pruritus after epidural injection of morphine. We cannot be certain whether this is the ideal dose or whether any changes in the doses might produce fewer side effects without interfering with analgesia.
ASD: Adolescents and Sexual Experiences In Rural Mpumalanga

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adolescence is viewed as a critical period of sexual scouting and experimenting between fantasies and realities. Experiences of adolescents with ASD of coping with demands of growing-up, and sexual puberty issues are scarce. Sexuality education is an important developmental task during adolescents influenced by hormonal puberty body changes. As a result, adolescents with autism develop sexually in the same way as their peer age group, but may require extra help to build the social skills and maturity that go along with sexual development of puberty. The sexuality education needs of adolescence with ASD are unlque; and are not adequately addressed in the existing curriculum on sexuality education programmes. An issue of sexuality education is only implemented when behaviour is demonstrated that is considered deviant or problematic. Adolescent learners with ASD are often viewed as innocent and the need for sexuality education may be overlooked and ignored by both parents and teachers. Parents and teachers fear engaging discussions on sexuality issues; that it will increase sexual experimentation with ASD adolescents. Adolescents with ASD have sexual needs but may not understand their physical and emotional development experience if not guided.
Morphology and Functional Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles of Lanthanum-Strontium Manganites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Structure, morphology, magnetic state and magnetocaloric effect of single-phase nanopowder La 0.6 Sr 0.4 MnO 3 manganites have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, BET, SEM, and magnetic methods. According to X-ray diffraction, BET and SEM data, an average size of particles for the La 0.6 Sr 0.4 MnO 3 composition is tens of nanometers. On the basis of analysis of the magnetic data, the magnetic states, phase transition temperatures, magnetocaloric effect as well as critical sizes of particles, i.e. boundary sizes of a single-domain state, a vortex state and a multi-domain state, have been determined. The most part of nanoparticles of the La 0.6 Sr 0.4 MnO 3 composition are in the single-domain state.
Oral and pre-absorptive sensing of amino acids relates to hypothalamic control of food intake in rainbow trout

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To assess the putative role of taste and pre-absorptive sensing of amino acids in food intake control in fish, we carried out an oral administration with L-leucine, L-valine, L-proline or L-glutamic acid in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Treatment with proline significantly reduced voluntary food intake at 2h and 3h after oral administration, while glutamic acid showed a less pronounced satiating effect at 3h. The mRNA expression of taste receptor subunits tas1r1, tas1r2a, tas1r2b, and tas1r3 was measured in the epithelium overlying the bony basyhyal of the fish (analogous to the tetrapod tongue) at 10, 20 or 30 min following treatment. No significant changes were observed, except for a tas1r down-regulation by valine at 30 mins. Of the downstream taste signalling genes that were analysed in parallel, plcb2 and possibly trpm5 (non-significant trend) were down-regulated 20 min after proline and glutamic acid treatment. The signal originated in the oropharyngeal and/or gastric cavity presumably relays to the brain since changes in genes involved in the regulation of food intake occurred in hypothalamus 10-30 min after oral treatment with amino acids. In particular, proline induced changes consistent with an increased anorexigenic potential in the hypothalamus. We have therefore demonstrated, for the first time in fish, that the peripheral (pre-absorptive) detection of an amino acid (L-proline), presumably by taste-related mechanisms, elicits a satiety signal that in hypothalamus is translated into changes in cellular signalling and neuropeptides regulating food intake, ultimately resulting in decreased food intake.