jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rheological, Mechanical and Morphological Characterization of Fillers in the Nautical Field: The Role of Dispersing Agents on Composite Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Coatings have a fundamental role in covering the external surface of yachts by acting both as protective and aesthetic layers. In particular, fillers represent the essential layer from the point of view of mechanical properties and consist of a polymeric matrix, different extenders and additives, and dispersing agents, with the latter having the role to provide good extender-matrix compatibility. In the present work, the effects of dispersing agents with an ionic or steric action on the interactions between hollow glass microspheres and an epoxy-polyamide resin are evaluated. Un-crosslinked filler materials are studied via rheological tests, whereas the mechanical and morphological properties of the crosslinked samples are assessed. The results clearly indicate that steric dispersing agents provide a much greater compatibility effect compared to ionic ones, owing to their steric hindrance capability, thus leading to better-performing filler materials with a less-marked Payne effect, which is here proved to be an efficient tool to provide information concerning the extent of component interactions in nautical fillers. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first attempt to deeply understand the role of dispersing agents, which are until now empirically used in the preparation of fillers.
Définition et implémentation des corrections instrumentales de la mission spatiale CoRoT

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

CoRoT (Convection, Rotation and planetary Transits) is a space mission conceived to the stellar seismology and the search of extra solar planets. Both scientific programs are based on very high precision photometry and require long and uninterrupted observations. For the study of the stellar oscillations, the instrument must be able to measure periodic variations of the order of ten parts per million on some stars of apparent magnitudes ranging from 5.4 to 9.5. For the exoplanet finding, based on the method of planetary transits, the goal is to detect the temporary occultation of the star by the orbiting planet, which results in a weak reduction in the collected stellar flux. For this purpose, the instrument is designed to observe simultaneously several thousands of stars, of apparent magnitudes between 12 and 15.5, and to detect occultation of luminosity as small as a thousand of parts per million.To reach this level of performance, the on board and ground data reductions must be optimized, ensuring the respect of the scientific and technical project constraints. In his context, this thesis plays a very important role on the final photometric performance of the instrument. On the one hand, it defines the on board optimum photometric masks for the asteroseismology channel. These photometric apertures define in an irremediableway the quality of the data that will be treated on the ground. On the other hand, it treats one of the most important ground corrections to reach the photometric performances of both scientific programs: the photometric correction due to the satellite attitude fluctuations (jitter).To approach these two topics this thesis initially describes the CoRoT project and its scientific goals. The main concepts necessary to the comprehension of the origin of the problems dealt with here are presented. The theory of the photometric ground correction for satellite jitter effects is developed and the first validation results obtained on the test bench are shown. Then we describe the jitter reconstitution of each star observed by CoRoT. That is necessary to calculations of jitter photometric corrections. To finalize the theoretical part the development of the optimum mask calculation and its simulation results are presented.The last chapter shows the results obtained on the on-orbit data from a Canadian satellite called MOST, and then it shows the results obtained on the CoRoT on-orbit data. The qualities of both CoRoT on-orbit data and corrections proposed by this work are confirmed. These corrections prove to be an essential step to reach the specified photometric performances.
Intraoperative examination of axillary sentinel lymph nodes in breast carcinoma patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Routine histologic examination of axillary sentinel lymph nodes predicts axillary lymph node status and may spare patients with breast carcinoma axillary lymph node dissection. To avoid the need for two separate surgical sessions, the results of sentinel lymph node examination should be available intraoperatively. However, routine frozen-section examination of sentinel lymph nodes is liable to yield false-negative results. This study was conducted to ascertain whether extensive intraoperative examination of sentinel lymph nodes by frozen section examination would attain a sensitivity comparable to that obtained by routine histologic examination without intraoperative frozen section examination. METHODS In a consecutive series of 155 clinically lymph node negative breast carcinoma patients, the axillary sentinel lymph nodes were examined intraoperatively, before complete axillary lymph node dissection. The frozen sentinel lymph nodes were sectioned subserially at 50-μm intervals. For each level, one section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the other section immunostained for cytokeratins using a rapid immunocytochemical assay. RESULTS Sentinel lymph node metastases were detected in 70 of the 155 patients (45%). In 37 cases the sentinel lymph nodes were the only axillary lymph nodes with metastases. Immunocytochemistry did not increase the sensitivity of the examination. Five patients had metastases in the nonsentinel axillary lymph nodes despite having negative sentinel lymph nodes. The general concordance between sentinel and axillary lymph node status was 96.7%; the negative predictive value of intraoperative sentinel lymph node examination was 94.1%. CONCLUSIONS The intraoperative examination of axillary sentinel lymph nodes is effective in predicting the axillary lymph node status of breast carcinoma patients and may be instrumental in deciding whether to spare patients axillary lymph node dissection. Cancer 1999;85:2433–8. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Changes in metabolic enzymes levels exposed to zinc and cadmium in the snow trout (Schizothorax zarudnyi)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, the entrance of pollutants including heavy metals in environment threatens the life of aquatic animals. In this study, the effect of zinc chloride (6 mg/l) and cadmium chloride (5 mg/l) exposure were studied on the activity of some metabolic enzymes in the liver, gills, brain and muscle in Snow trout (Schizothorax zarudnyi). The results showed that zinc caused a significant increase in AChE activity in the brain, AST activity in the liver and muscle and ALP activities only in the liver (p˂0.05). Exposure to cadmium significantly decreased acetylcholinesterase in the brain (p˂0.05). However, ALT activity in the liver and gills and AST activity only in the gills was increased significantly following cadmium exposure. Cadmium stimulatory effects on ALP in tissues were not statistically significant. Based on the above result, in this Species exposed to cadmium showed more toxicity than zinc, and the most sensitivity and susceptibility to the presence of cadmium and zinc in the environment was seen in livers of fish. Assessing levels of metabolic enzymes in the liver tissue and AChE enzyme in the brain tissue of Snow trout has the potential to be used as a suitable indicator to show heavy metal pollution in the aquatic ecosystem.
Analisis Perencanaan Biaya Konstruksi Jalan Rigid Pevement Ruas Jalan Poros Singki’ Alang-Alang Kab.Toraja Utara

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to know the costs needed for rigid pavement construction, and to find out the capacity of the road How much Singki – Alang-alang road capacity according to The Bina Marga Rigid Pavement Planning 2017. Calculation of construction costs based on data from the Bina Marga Office of South Sulawesi Province in the form of work volume, unit price analysis and plan drawings. From hasi cost analysis shows that rigid pavement construction costs Rp 7,295,591,000.-.
Epigenetics: an Emerging Technology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Transcriptional silencing resulting from changes in epigenetic regulation of gene expression is the most frequent mechanism by which tumor suppressor genes are inactivated in human cancer. Genes participating in numerous functional groups and pathways leading to malignancy are subject to aberrant CpG methylation, with associated downregulation of expression, in human carcinogenesis. Methylation profiling can identify distinct subtypes of common human cancers and may have utility in predicting clinical phenotypes in individual patients, including sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Hypomethylating agents have clinical activity in some hematological malignancies, and there is accumulating evidence correlating clinical response with demethylation and concomitant reactivation of expression of specific target genes. Epigenetic analysis is likely to have an increasingly important part to play in the diagnosis, prognostic assessment and treatment of malignant disease.
Urinary Excretion Levels of Carcinogenic Glutamic Acid Pyrolysis Products and Their N-Acetyl Derivatives in Humans.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Glu-P-1, 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido [1, 2-a: 3', 2'-d] imidazole; Glu-P-2, 2-aminodipyrido [1, 2-a: 3', 2'-d] imidazole; N-acetyl-Glu-P-1, 2-acetylamino-6-methyldipyrido [1, 2-a: 3', 2'-d] imidazole; N-acetyl-Glu-P-2, 2-acetylaminodipyrido[1,2- a:3', 2'-d]imidazole; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography.
Volume Determinations in Computed Tomography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Modern computed tomographic (CT) scanners allow reasonably high-resolution cross-sectional visualization of most viscera and masses. To determine the accuracy of CT volume estimation, CT volumes of inanimate objects, cadaver kidneys and spleens, and in vivo balloons were performed. Regions of interest were outlined by a hand-operated cursor, and the computer program calculated the cross-sectional area in square millimeters and in pixels. A second computer program used Simpson's rule to calculate the volume from these multiple cross-sectional area. Calculated CT volumes were within +/-10% of directly measured volumes. Tumor masses being treated by chemotherapy were followed up clinically and by CT. Volume changes determined by CT are believed to be equal to and frequently more sensitive than clinical examination. From our experimental CT and clinical experiences, accuracy can be affected by (1) respiratory movement; (2) rapid changes in in vivo blood volume; (3) low CT number-gradient at the objects' periphery; (4) observer error in cursor tracing of the desired structure; and (5) mathematical errors inherent in Simpson's rule. We conclude that CT can estimate volumes of CT definable masses and can be useful in following tumor response to therapy.
Robust Multi-class Brain Tumor Classification Using Hybrid Transfer Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Background: Classification of brain tumors is an integral aspect of medical imaging studies as different tumor features require multiclassification which aids in making the diagnosis. However, this task is of great difficulty owing to the nature of the brain MRI images. Recent deep learning (DL) models have made it possible to have a brain tumor classification with high accuracy, which is very useful to neurologists. Based on these new capabilities, this study intends to enhance brain tumor detection with the help of a hybrid transfer learning approach. Methods: This study developed a brain tumor diagnosis system using five advanced DL architectures: Xception, ResNet164, DenseNet121, DenseNet201, and Inception-ResNetV2. A hybrid DL model was created by integrating a deep-dense block and a softmax activation function in the final layers of these architectures. The proposed approach enhances classification accuracy and precision. Two experiments were conducted: Three-class classification, involving images from patients with gliomas, meningiomas, and pituitary tumors. Four-class classification, which included gliomas, meningiomas, pituitary tumors, and normal brain images. Results: The Xception architecture emerged as the most effective model in detecting brain tumors when implemented with the proposed hybrid DL modifications. The system achieved an accuracy of 99.71% on the three-class dataset and 96.17% on the four-class dataset, outperforming state-ofthe- art methods in brain tumor classification. Conclusion: This research shows that hybrid DL models can enhance the capabilities of brain tumor classification systems in the context of complex MRI datasets. The optimization of activation functions and the inclusion of deep-dense blocks increase both accuracy and precision, providing adequate solutions for neurologists. These results lead to the recognition of the Xception-based hybrid model as a robust and efficient model for detecting brain tumors.
Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectrum of Neutral Silicon*

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Measurements have been made on about 200 Si i lines in the region 1548 to 2000 Å excited by a low-pressure source, resulting in wavelength values with uncertainties of less than 0.0015 Å on the average. Of these vacuum ultraviolet wavelengths, 88 have been calculated by Radziemski and Andrew [ J. Opt. Soc. Am.55, 474 ( 1965)], and a comparison of measured and calculated values gives an average deviation of 0.0008 Å. A plot of the differences shows the scatter to be much greater than any systematic difference. This indicates that the calculated wavelengths are compatible with the set of Ge i lines used as standards in measuring the Si i lines. The new data have also led to an extension and a slight revision of the odd-level analysis. New measurements on some lines of C i, Ge ii, N i, and Si ii are also reported. Spectrograms were taken in the first order on a 10.7-m Eagle vacuum spectrograph with a reciprocal dispersion of 0.78 Å/mm. The source was an electrodeless discharge lamp containing SiCl4 and GeCl4 vapor with argon or helium carrier gas at a total pressure no greater than 0.5 torr.
Hordeum vulgare L. convar. vulgare var. asiaticum (Vavilov) Mansf., BCC 520 BRG

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Hordeum vulgare L. convar. vulgare var. asiaticum (Vavilov) Mansf. Accession number: BCC 520 BRG Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 2017-05-08 Origin country: CHN Biological status: genetic stock MLS status: Included AEGIS status: Not included Historic: No
Impact of Transition Metals (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) on the Formation of Local and Crystal Structure of MBTC Phases

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

In this work, the results of studying the composition (bulk and surface), structure (crystal and local) and biocidal properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC), called MBTC (M=Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn; M 2+Cl2·4H2O precursor), obtained by a hydrothermal method under the same process conditions were presented. XRPD, XAS, XPS, SEM, and FTIR methods were used. The formal charge (FC) was determined for Fe3+, Cu2+ (Jahn-Teller ion), Zn2+ and, for the first time, a mixed FC was determined for Co(3,2)+, Ni(3,2)+ and Mn(3,2)+ (with a higher content of Mn3+ Jahn-Teller ions). It was shown that in the M - BTC system, depending on FCM, MOFs with different types of structures are formed (MIL-100 with Fe, sp. gr. Fd3m; HKUST-1 with Cu, sp. gr. Fm3m; MBTC with M=Mn, Co, Ni, sp. gr. P; MBTC with Zn, sp. gr. C2), in which the coordination environment of M ions is different. The results obtained made it possible to divide MOF structures into 4 groups depending on the nature of the М metals. This allows predicting the topological structural types of MBTC based on the electronic structure of М ions. The results of studying the antimicrobial activity of MBTCs indicate a possible connection between the biocidal properties of bacteria and the electronic structure of M.
THE IMPACT OF HAJJ AND UMRAH ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SAUDI ARABIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of Hajj and Umrah on the economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in order to maximize the economic sectors’ returns in the light of the Kingdom’s vision objectives to diversify sources of income, launching the capabilities of non-oil sectors and stimulating economic growth. The descriptive analytical approach is adopted to analysis and interpret the research subject. The Econometrics approach is utilized in estimating the impact of Hajj and Umrah on the economic growth in the Kingdom during the period 1991-2017. In order to achieve the research objective, several tests were employed (Dickey–Fuller unit root test, Johansen cointegration test, Granger causality, and vector error correction model). The results indicate that there are no short-term integration relationships between the study variables. Meanwhile, a long-term integrated relationship is existed. There is a positive unidirectional relationship running from international tourists' spending to growth, and from economic growth to airline movement. Tourism employment adversely affects growth Economic level with a low level of significance. The researcher concludes that the number of domestic pilgrims and tourism investment have no significant relationship with the economic growth in the Kingdom, although this investment affects tourism expenditure, while influenced by employment size. In conclusion, the importance of the tourism sector and the need to pay attention to Hajj and Umrah from the economic perspective is recognized. This in order to promote development efforts and stimulate growth, especially if the public and private expenditure is rationalized and allocated efficiently and effectively. In addition, providing integrated services and attractive facilities, and the resettlement of industries and jobs that directly serve the travel and hospitality and those indirectly associated with them are required.
Keywords: Hajj, Umrah, Tourism, Economic Growth, Saudi Arabia.
Reaching for the Stars

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

There was once a certain romantic appeal about idea of taking process that produces energy for stars (or for ordinary ones anyway) and putting it to work in a controlled way in reactors on earth. Controlled thermonuclear fusion was going to be energy source of future. Then a lot of unforeseen difficulties arose, and task came to seem more Herculean than Promethean. Romance tiptoed off stage. It is now 30 years later. The world no longer has any choice nor much time for romance. There will have to be alternatives to oil that will soon run out. And fusion still looks like a good bet to be an important alternative. From middle of Augean stables one can report that floor now really seems to be in sight, and, in spite of a number of bad years at budget table, fusion may still be there to supply a good part of our future energy needs. Although people who work on it have yet to prove their basic principle that more energy can be gotten out of any of their schemes than has to be put in to get fusion started -groups in several laboratories are at work on designs and materials studies for future fusion reactors. When great day comes they intend to be there with plans on file and perhaps materials in stockpiles, ready to call in hardhats. They don't want to wait 15 or 20 years for a Marconi or an Edison to turn experiment into a practical device. But will great day come? Under heaven nothing is certain but death and political speeches. Fusion research has been heavily criticized for years of work that have gone into it. The sort of people who make statements about the country that developed synthetic rubber overnight... are likely to complain about so little for so much. It should be pointed out that that little includes extensive knowledge of a branch of physics that was new in 1950 and almost completely, and disastrously, misunderstood. Edison's belief that tungsten would make a good filament for Graphite plug
Visualizing the Decline of the Corset Business

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The corset defined a woman’s silhouette for nearly four hundred years. It continues to fascinate and inspire new ways to study its place in culture. Taking a digital humanities approach, my project encompasses visualizations of metadata from advertisements for foundation garments in Harper’s Bazaar, Ladies’ Home Journal, and Vogue from 1905 through 1929. These visualizations represent the marketing behavior of corset manufacturers, a well-established group of businesses that benefited from the industrial revolution to produce and sell a type of garment that held a constant place in women’s wardrobes.
An Adaptive Data Acquisition Technique to Enhance the Speed of Near-Field Antenna Measurement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this article, a new approach is proposed to improve the speed of near-field measurement of antennas. The near-field measurements are mainly performed using a planar near-field scanner, named RFX2. In RFX2, which is an electronically switched probe array, the probes in the $x$ and $y$ directions cannot be fabricated at the same place. At each point, only one tangential component of the magnetic field is measured, and the other component is estimated numerically using an interpolation technique. Here, an adaptive data acquisition technique is proposed that sequentially collects samples from the field in the areas with highly dynamic behavior and skips the regions that have smooth near-field variations. Since the newly introduced points at each iteration of the algorithm are not necessarily laid on the probe locations of the RFX2, the values of the data at these points are calculated using an interpolation method. The proposed adaptive algorithm in this work requires remarkably fewer samples to reach the same accuracy as uniform sampling. This method is also utilized in spherical NF measurement over $\theta $ and $\phi $ plane. The validity of the approach is verified using various numerical and measurement results.