jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Reduction of Substituted 2‐Tetralones by Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Ketones bearing two bulky substituents, named bulky–bulky ketones, were successfully reduced to their corresponding optically enriched alcohols by using various mutants of Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (TeSADH). Substituted 2‐tetralones, in particular, were reduced to 2‐tetralols with high conversion and high enantioselectivity. The pharmacological importance of substituted 2‐tetralols as key drug‐building blocks makes our biocatalytic reduction method a highly essential tool. We showed that changing the position of the substituent on the aromatic ring of 2‐tetralones impacts their binding affinity and the reaction maximum catalytic rate. Docking studies with several TeSADH mutants explain how the position of the substituent on the tetralone influences the binding orientation of substituted 2‐tetralones and their reaction stereoselectivity.
An analysis of responses and conversational structure by John Gruber in The Talk Show

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study focuses on an analysis of responses and conversational structure by John Gruber in “The Talk Show”. There are two problems to be solved in this study, namely: (1) what are the responses used by the host and the guest in “The Talk Show” by John Gruber; (2)what are the structure conversation in “The Talk Show” by John Gruber. The objectives of this study are to find the types of response, the types of structure conversation that used by John Gruber, Phill Schiller, and Craig Faderighi. The researcher uses Stentrom’s theory to analyze the types of responses also Kong Rui and Su Ting’s theory about structure conversation. The methodology that used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data are words, sentences, and untterences of the conversation that used by host (John Gruber) and guest (Phill Schiller and Craig Faderighi). There are two results of this research, first result is 50 responses that used by the host and guest. The writer found 4 types of responses such as responding to statement, responding to question, responding to request, and responding to thanks. This talk show mostly uses responding to statement as the types of responses. The conversation between them mostly about asking and answering in form of statement. The second result is the structure conversation that used by John Gruber as the host of the talk show. The researcher finds 30 structures conversation that include in global structure and local structure.
Role of enteric dopaminergic neurons in regulating peristalsis of rat proximal colon

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Constipation is commonly seen in patients with Parkinson's disease associated with a loss of dopaminergic neurons in both central and enteric nervous systems. However, the roles of enteric dopaminergic neurons in developing constipation remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the roles of enteric dopaminergic neurons in the generation of colonic peristalsis. Methods Cannulated segments of rat proximal colon were situated in the organ bath, abluminally perfused with physiological salt solution and luminally perfused with 0.9% saline. Drugs were applied in the abluminal solution. Changes in diameter along the length of the colonic segment were captured by a video camera and transformed into spatio‐temporal maps. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was also carried out. Key Results Blockade of nitrergic neurotransmission prevented oro‐aboral propagation of peristaltic waves and caused a colonic constriction without affecting ripples, non‐propagating myogenic contractions. Blockade of cholinergic neurotransmission also prevented peristaltic waves but suppressed ripples with a colonic dilatation. Tetrodotoxin (0.6 μM) abolished peristaltic waves and increased ripples with a constriction. SCH 23390 (20 μM), a D 1 ‐like dopamine receptor antagonist, slowed the peristaltic waves and caused a constriction, while GBR 12909 (1 μM), a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, diminished the peristaltic waves with a dilatation. Bath‐applied dopamine (3 μM) abolished the peristaltic waves associated with a colonic dilation in an SCH 23390 (5 μM)‐sensitive manner. D 1 receptor immunoreactivity was co‐localized to nitrergic and cholinergic neurons. Conclusions and Inferences Dopaminergic neurons appear to facilitate nitrergic neurons via D 1 ‐like receptors to stabilize asynchronous contractile activity resulting in the generation of colonic peristalsis.
Heterotrophic Flagellates from Mires of the North Caucasus, Russia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The species composition and morphology of heterotrophic flagellates from various mire biotopes of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania have been studied; 66 species and forms have been found. The most common species are Neobodo designis, Goniomonas truncata, Ancyromonas sigmoides, Bodo saltans, Jenningsia fusiforme, and Rhynchomonas nasuta. High species diversity has been recorded in samples from Hypnales and Sphagnum mosses, while unique communities of flagellates have been formed in bottom sediments. All identified species are new for the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and 26 are new for the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. The cell morphology of twelve species have been described: Salpingoeca angulosa, Phalansterium solitarium, Protaspa gemmifera, Spongomonas uvella, Thaumatomastix triangulata, Cafeteria ligulifera, Paraphysomonas ovalis, Arthropyxis annulata, Parabodo nitrophilus, Petalomonas aff. carinata, Scytomonas pusilla, and Sphenomonas teres. The data on the morphology of the species under study supplement our knowledge of the intraspecific variability of flagellates.
FIBRE SOURCING FOR THE NIGERIAN PULP MILLS: EVALUATION OF SUITABILITY INDICES OF SELECTED NIGERIAN RAINFOREST WOOD FIBRES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To find a lasting solution to the problem of suitable fibre for pulp and papermaking in Nigeria, fibre suitability indices of nineteen wood species native to the rainforest zone of Nigeria were evaluated. Matured stems of the species were sourced and prepared for maceration. The fibre characteristics of the wood were carried out following ASTM D-1030-95 and ASTM D-1413-61. The fibres obtained were observed with the aid of a microscope and measurements of their morphology were done. A minimum of 25 fibres were measured for each species for accuracy. Selected morphological indices such as Runkel Ratio (RR), Flexibility Coefficient (FC), Slenderness Ratio (SR) as well as Rigidity Coefficient (RC) of the wood fibres were estimated. The results showed that the fibres lenght fall under short (1.05–1.36), medium-long (1.52–1.75), and long (2.0 mm) fibres criteria. All derived morphological indices showed significant variations from species to species. All fibres are not rigid and exhibited good SR with moderate rigidity and good felting power. They were all elastic; R. heudolotii and P. macrocarpa exhibited high elastic nature. They all have FC ≥ 50 and pass the RR ≤ 1, acceptable value for paper-making fibre except P. biglobosa and M. excelsa. The flexibility coefficients are in the range of 0.50 and 0.81. All the species pass the SR >33 acceptable value for paper-making fibres. The species if harnessed as fibre blends in pulp and paper making furnish will help to solve the problem of inadequate long fibres for paper production in Nigerian pulp mills.
BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OFALLIUM ASCALONICUM AND PIMPINELLA ANISUMESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN WHITE BRINED CHEESE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Due to the side effects of chemical preservatives and as a support of the idea for consumption of green natural food, demand for studies on the antimicrobial properties of natural preservatives and essential oils on the important food borne pathogens in vitro and in food products has been increased. The goals of the present study included determination of biochemical properties and antimicrobial effects of Allium ascalonicum and Pimpinella anisum essential oils against Listeria monocytogenes in different steps of the ripening White Brined cheese. Results showed that 15 different substances made up 97.2% of its content for Pimpinella anisum essential oil; Longifolene and Benzene had the highest concentrations among these 15 substances; Allium ascalonicum essential oil contained 15 different substances made up 96.62% of its content; organosulfur substances had the highest concentrations among these 15 substances. The results of antimicrobial studies of these essential oils in the administered concentrations (Allium ascalonicum: 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 % and Pimpinella anisum: 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 %) during different steps of production and ripening of Feta cheese showed that Allium ascalonicum essential oils had the highest antimicrobial effects against Listeria monocytogenes. Treatments of 0.1% Allium ascalonicum and 0.2% Pimpinella anisum essential oils at the end of cheese ripening period showed the highest decrease in the mean bacterial colony counts (including 3.79 and 4.65 Log CFU/g, respectively) compared to other treatments (P< 0.05). The results demonstrated that 0.025% Allium ascalonicum essential oil maintained the highest acceptable range in cheese organoleptic assessment. Keywoads: Allium ascalonicum, Essential oil, Listeria monocytogenes, Pimpinella anisum, White Brined cheese
The Measurement of the Rate of Population Growth

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The size of the population of this country is a question of considerable interest and importance. Attention has been drawn to it in recent years owing to the continued fall in the birth-rate, and it has formed the topic of innumerable articles in the popular press and elsewhere. The subject of population growth is one on which the actuary should be most qualified to judge and yet it is seldom discussed by actuaries as a whole. The reason probably is that to some extent it is cut and dried; the past history of the size and structure of the population is recorded and analysed in official publications and calls for little argument, while future estimates where they cannot be made by fairly straightforward methods are largely a matter of guesswork. The problem of the rate of population growth has been investigated from a theoretical view very fully by certain foreign writers. The purpose of this paper is to give a description of one aspect of the subject and to illustrate it by calculations based on the statistics of this country.
Practical Implementation of A Modified Hybrid Bridge Multi-level Inverter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To reduce losses and expenses, multilevel inverter (MLI) researchers have recently been focused in minimizing the number of switches and providing the appropriate level of total harmonic distortion (THD %) of the output voltage waveform. In this paper, a single phase asymmetrical CHB-MLI that uses only 7 switches and 2 DC supplies to generate a 9- level output waveform was proposed as against the use of 16 switches and 4 DC supplies in a conventional CHB-MLI. The study was carried out using MATLAB Simulink; the inverter was also installed and operated in actual experiments. The results obtained from MATLAB Simulink were compared with the results of the actual experiments. The phase disposition pulse width modulation approach Which symbolizes (PD-PWM) as was used to control the suggested topology.
RESPONSE OF CUCUMBER FOR MULCH COLORS AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS UNDER GREENHOUSE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Traits were carried out during the two growing seasons of 2007 and 2008 at 13-8osaily farm, Agricultural Research Center, El-Beira Governorate, Egypt. This research was conducted In an unheated greenhouse to determine the effect of different mulch colors and phosphorus fertigaticn on growth and yield of cucumber plant. Cucumber seedings (Cricurnissaffrust cv. firenjee 82) were grown In sandy soil. The plastic house constructor was covered with 200 urn local-UV•treated polyethylene sheet (PE) of 5.25 min width. Five mulch colors were used, I. e., red, green, blue, black and transparent. Control treatment was unmukhed. Three phosphorus fatigatlon levels 20, 40 and 60 ppm were added to soil under (afferent colors mulch and control. Soil temperature at surface and at 15 an depth of each mulch colors were measured. The vegetative growth, L e., plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of plant, early and total yield were recorded. The results showed that transparent muldi gave the highest sod temperature followed by black mulch In comparison with other mulch colors. The best vegetative growth (plant height, number of leaves, total leaf area, canopy fresh and dry weight) and yield (early and total) were obtained by transparent followed by black mulch. The transparent mulch color illataSed N, P and K % leaves content followed by black color with significant difference between them. The phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was greatest at the lowest dose 20 ppm d P and deaeased as the P levels were Increased. On the other hand, the vegetate growth and yield were in vice case with PIJE. The interaction between mulch color and P gave the highest vegetative growth and yield under transparent mulch combined with 6Oppm P.
Biosensor Integration Development ExMC/Canadian Space Agency Collaboration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In support of the NASA Human Research Program Exploration Medical Capability (ExMC) Element, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) established a collaborative effort with the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The collaboration focuses on leveraging CSA capability in the areas of biosensors and decision support that will augment future development of such components for Exploration Missions. The CSA advancement of biosensors enables NASA to focus on the integration and data management associated with these types of components through the system currently under development by the Medical Data Architecture (MDA) project. This approach has enabled the establishment of a successful collaborative working relationship between ExMC and CSA.Applying lessons learned from the fiscal year 2016 (FY16) Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA) campaign, CSA and NASA ARC developed a solution to provide real-time feedback to researchers who monitor the collection of vital signs data from a wearable Astroskin garment. The advances in the interfaces included the development of an iPad application (by CSA) to wirelessly forward the vital signs data to the MDA system, which collected the vital signs data through a receiver developed by NASA ARC. The development of these interfaces aims to provide communications between the Astroskin and the MDA system such that data may be seamlessly collected, stored and retrieved by the MDA. The first steps towards this goal were demonstrated in FY16. In FY17, ExMC will complete the first in a series of test beds that establishes a system to automate collection and management of vital sign data from the Astroskin, and other sources of data, to provide information for a crewmember to make medical decisions. In addition, the MDA Test Bed 1 will enable CSA to evaluate and optimize biosensor advancement and facilitate decision support algorithm development.
Design Strategies and Processes through the Concept of Resilience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cities face new challenges not only in natural disasters by climate change but also in social and economic fluctuations. With the existing simple reconstruction method, it is difficult to solve the overall problems that a city or region may face. As a new approach to cope with various changes, the concept of resilience is emerging. Resilience is also one of the themes of recent major urban design projects. Design with the concept of resilience is a new strategy that can deal with various changes of urban space, rather than a temporary trend. The purpose of this paper is to explore the design method by analyzing cases where the concept of resilience is employed. We aim to examine what kind of design strategies are needed for the resilience design and how this design process differ in character, as compared to general design projects. Cases for this study include the "Rebuild by Design" competition held in 2013 and the "Resilient by Design/Bay Area Challenge" competition held in 2017. This paper consists of literature reviews and case studies. The latter is divided into two aspects: content analysis based on the theory of resilience and characteristics of the design process. Cases are analyzed through literature reviews and process characteristics of resilience design in response to the general design process. The main categories for urban resilience used as the framework for analysis include: Urban Infrastructure, Social Dynamics, Economic Dynamics, Health and Wellbeing, Governance Networks, and Planning and Institutions. As a result, the aspects of resilience concepts considered and design strategies undertaken by each team were identified. Each team tried to connect all 6 categories to their design strategies, placing special value on the role of governance, a system that enables collaborative design and project persistency. In terms of the design process, the following characteristics were found: planning the whole project process in the pre-project phase, analyzing predictable socioeconomic risk factors in addition to physical vulnerabilities, aiming for landscape-oriented integrated design, and sustainable implementation strategies with specific operations and budget plans. This paper is meaningful to connect the concept of resilience, which has been discussed in various articles, to design strategy, and to explore the possibility of constructing a practical methodology by deriving the characteristics of the resilience design process. It remains a future task to research design strategies that apply the concept of resilience to various types of urban spaces, in addition to areas that are vulnerable to disasters.
Effects of an exercise intervention based on the COM-B model among community-dwelling prefrail older adults with diabetes: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Prefrailty is common among community-dwelling older adults with diabetes and can lead to adverse health outcomes. With effective exercise interventions, prefrailty is reversible. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the effects of exercise interventions for prefrail older adults with diabetes. This study presents a study protocol for evaluating the effectiveness of an exercise intervention based on the Capacity, Opportunity and Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model among community-dwelling prefrail older adults with diabetes. Methods and analysis Using a randomised controlled trial design, a total of 100 community-dwelling prefrail older adults with diabetes will be allocated to either an intervention or a control group in a 1:1 ratio. Participants in the intervention group will receive a 16-week multicomponent exercise intervention based on the COM-B model, while those in the control group will receive usual diabetes care and general advice on physical activity. The primary outcome is frailty status, and the secondary outcomes include physical function, quality of life, depressive symptoms, self-efficacy for exercise and fasting blood glucose. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, week 8 and week 16. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (approval number: K2023-320). The findings will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. Trial registration number ChiCTR2400082831.
Capitalized intangibles and financial analysts

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We examine whether firms that capitalize a higher proportion of their underlying intangible assets have higher analyst following, lower dispersion of analysts’ earnings forecasts and more accurate earnings forecasts relative to firms that capitalize a lower proportion. Under Australian generally accepted accounting principles, capitalization of intangible assets has become increasingly ‘routine’ since the late 1980s. It is predicted that this experience leads Australian analysts to expect firms with relatively more certain intangible investments to signal this fact by capitalizing intangible assets. Our results are consistent with this. We find that capitalization of intangible assets is associated with higher analyst following and lower absolute earnings forecast error for firms with a stock of underlying intangible assets. Our tests suggest a weaker association between capitalization and lower earnings forecast dispersion. We conclude that there are benefits for analysts, for management to have the option to capitalize intangible assets. These findings suggest that IAS 38 Intangible Assets and AASB 138 Intangible Assets reduce the usefulness of financial statements.
Community Structure of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soils of Switchgrass Harvested for Bioenergy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We assessed the different species of beneficial fungi living in agricultural fields of switchgrass, a large grass grown for biofuels, using high-resolution DNA sequencing. Contrary to our expectations, the fungi were not greatly affected by fertilization. However, we found a positive relationship between plant productivity and the number of families of beneficial fungi at one site. Furthermore, we sequenced many species that could not be identified with existing reference databases. One group of fungi was highlighted in an earlier study for being widely distributed but of unknown taxonomy. We discovered that this group belonged to a family called Pervetustaceae , which may benefit switchgrass in stressful environments. To produce higher-yielding switchgrass in a more sustainable manner, it could help to study these undescribed fungi and the ways in which they may contribute to greater switchgrass yield in the absence of fertilization.
The sizes of the pioneering, lowest crossing and pivotal sites in critical percolation on the triangular lattice

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let L<sub>n</sub> denote the lowest crossing of a square 2n×2n box for critical site percolation on the triangular lattice imbedded in Z<sup>2</sup>. Denote also by F<sub>n</sub> the pioneering sites extending below this crossing, and Q<sub>n</sub> the pivotal sites on this crossing. Combining the recent results of Smirnov and Werner [Math. Res. Lett. 8 (2001) 729–744] on asymptotic probabilities of multiple arm paths in both the plane and half-plane, Kesten’s [Comm. Math. Phys. 109 (1987) 109–156] method for showing that certain restricted multiple arm paths are probabilistically equivalent to unrestricted ones, and our own second and higher moment upper bounds, we obtain the following results. For each positive integer τ, as n→∞:\n¶\n1. E(|L<sub>n</sub>|<sup>τ</sup>)=n<sup>4τ/3+o(1)</sup>.\n¶\n2. E(|F<sub>n</sub>|<sup>τ</sup>)=n<sup>7τ/4+o(1)</sup>.\n¶\n3. E(|Q<sub>n</sub>|<sup>τ</sup>)=n<sup>3τ/4+o(1)</sup>.\n¶\nThese results extend to higher moments a discrete analogue of the recent results of Lawler, Schramm and Werner [Math. Res. Lett. 8 (2001) 401–411] that the frontier, pioneering points and cut points of planar Brownian motion have Hausdorff dimensions, respectively, 4/3, 7/4 and 3/4.