jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Drought Hazard Area of GharehAghaj Basin in Iran, Using GIS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In GharehAghaj basin drought has the most profound effect on the way of living and regional economy. Drought Hazard by nature is a result of interrelated parameters concerned. The objective of this paper presents a model to assess hazard of drought using the Geographical Information System (GIS). The data analyzed have been gathered from the records, reports and maps published by the governmental offices of Iran. Various drought hazard indicators have different severity classification in different models. The drought hazard indicator maps take into account the meteorological, hydrological, physical and socioeconomic characteristics that related to drought hazard. Each of the hazard indicator maps and also final hazard map are classified into 4 hazard classes of drought: mild, moderate, severe and very severe. The final hazard classes were defined on the basis of hazard scores arrived at by assigning the appropriate attributes to the indicators and the final hazard map was prepared by overlaying different hazard indicator maps in the GIS, deploying the new model. The final Hazard Map shows that moderate hazard areas (89.87% of the basin) are much widespread than areas under severe hazard (10.13% of the basin) which are observed in the Southeast of the region.
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Sulbactam in Pediatric Patients: Dosing Suggestions for Acinetobacter baumannii Infections

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background This study aims to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of sulbactam in pediatric patients using pooled data analysis, and to optimize dosing regimens against Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Methods Publications were systematically identified with MEDLINE for collecting sulbactam PK data in pediatric patients. Sulbactam PK model was developed using plasma concentration–time data gained from identified literature works. Based on the model, we estimated the probability of attaining the pharmacodynamic (PD) target against A. baumannii. Results The data were adequately described by 2-compartment model. Age was a statistically significant covariate in clearance. Aiming for the PD target of 60% of time above minimum inhibitory concentration in free drug concentrations (fT &gt; MIC), the breakpoint MICs were increased by extending infusion time from 0.5 to 4 hours. The breakpoint MICs for 4-hour infusion regimens of 25 mg/kg 4 times daily (100 mg/kg/day) achieved 4 μg/mL in infants (4 weeks to 11 months), children (1–6 years old) and pediatrics (7–16 years old). The breakpoint values for 4-hour infusions of 50 mg/kg 4 times daily (200 mg/kg/day) achieved 8 μg/mL (intermediate range of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria) in all age groups. Conclusions This population PK analysis and PD evaluation suggest that higher dosing regimen, especially with extended infusion time, should be reasonable for treating A. baumannii infections in pediatric patients.
Hyperspectral Unmixing Via Simultaneous Dictionary Refining and Enhanced Sparse Regression

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The dictionary-aided sparse regression (SR) approach has been developed in hyperspectral unmixing (HU) in remote sensing. By using an available spectral library as a dictionary, the SR approaches unmix the spectral image by selecting the endmember matrix from the library which best represent the image and its fractional abundance. In this paper, we proposed a simultaneous dictionary refining and enhanced sparse regression method for hyperspectral unmixing(DRESR). The proposed method not only enhances the sparsity of fractional abundance through double weighted sparse regularization, and also improves the spectral signature mismatches between an actual spectra and its corresponding endmember in the spectral library by using dictionary sparse refining. Experimental results on both synthetic and real hyperspectral data sets demonstrate better performance compared with several state-of-art algorithms.
Antagonistic Activity of Siderophore-Producing Bacteria from Black Rice Rhizosphere against Rice Blast Fungus Pyricularia oryzae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae, which is a major threat to food security worldwide, markedly decreases the yield of rice. Some rhizobacteria called 'plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria' inhibit plant pathogens and improve plant growth by secreting iron-chelating siderophores. The decreased availability of iron adversely affects the survival of pathogens, especially fungal pathogens, in the rhizosphere. This study aimed to determine the morphological diversity of siderophore-producing bacteria, analyze the type of siderophores produced by the bacteria, and examine their growth-inhibitory activity against Pyricularia oryzae. The rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of Sembada Hitam variety of black rice plants in Pakem, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In total, 12 distinct isolates were screened for the production of siderophores. It was found that 9 out of 12 bacteria produced siderophore and most of them were Gram positive bacteria. The best siderophore-producing isolates with different type of siderophore were used in further studies. The IS3 and IS14 isolates were found to be the best siderophore producer that produced hydroxamate and mixed type of hydroxamate-carboxylate type of siderophore, respectively. In the dual culture assay, IS14 showed a strong antagonistic effect against Pyricularia oryzae by the 81.17% inhibition.
Letter from J. H. Woodward to W. I. Grubb, May 16, 1911

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A document from an extensive collection spanning four generations of the Woodward family that operated merchant pig iron companies in West Virginia and Alabama. The collection begins with Stimpson Harvey Woodward (S. H. Woodward), a native of Massachusetts, who moved from Pittsburgh to Wheeling, West Virginia in 1852. He had interests in an iron company as early as 1852 in West Virginia and began Alabama operations in 1869. The family business continued in Alabama until the death of S. H. Woodward's great-grandson in 1965.
Generation of hot electrons in GaN HEMTs under RF Class A and AB PAs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

AlGaN/GaN HEMTs have demonstrated outstanding performance in terms of high-power and high frequency operation. However, reliability concerns constitute one of the limiting factors preventing the fully exploitation of this technology. In particular, hot electron generation has been consistently reported as one of the main mechanisms for device degradation, since high energy carriers can create electrically active traps that reduce performance [1]. Many studies of hot electron concentration have been performed on DC operation only, and those done in RF do not provide an accurate, quantitative carrier energy distribution [2]. In this work, we present a comparative study of the hot carrier generation under RF operation in Class A and Class AB power amplifier (PA) topologies. This is done in terms of the accurate simulation of the electron energy distribution function (EDF) under RF conditions, by means of our full band cellular Monte Carlo device simulator (CMC) [3], self-consistently coupled to a harmonic balance (HB) circuit solver based on the load line technique [4]. Within this framework it can be simultaneously captured the highly-non-linear, out of equilibrium carrier dynamics of the device under large signal operation, along with the full complexity of the external circuitry necessary for adequate power amplifier performance.
Functional analysis of separated alleles in yeast: a reliable method for assesment of the p53 status

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

FASAY is a sensitive semi-quantitative method of detection of
p53 mutations in clinical material, such as tumor tissues,
peripheral blood cells, etc. The p53 is derived from mRNA of
analyzed material by RT-PCR and its transactivation ability is
tested in yeast cells by using of ADE2 reporter gene.
Transactivation by p53 is assessed simply according to the
color of yeast colonies growing on agar plates with lovele of
adenine. Yeast cells form either large white colonies if the
reporter was activated by functional p53 or small red colonies
if the reporter was not activated. FASAY possesses several
advantages: (1) it analyzes both alleles of the p53 gene
separately, (2) its high sensitivity allows detection of about
10% of p53 mutation harboring cells among mostely negative
cells, (3) it can distinguish fully inactivating p53 mutations
from partially inactivating ones, (4) it analyzes substantial
part of the p53 gene, (5) it allows preparation of template
useful for sequencing of the p53 gene.
Sound Writing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract For all its orality, oral history has a long-standing, closely entwined relationship with writing. Sound Writing considers the interplay between sound recordings and written literature, looking back to antiquity while focusing on the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries. It also refers to a dream of sound writing itself, enabling voices to reach readers directly, cutting out the need for authorial mediation. Oral histories are nevertheless actively mediated, often turned into and received as written texts. There can be value in transforming spoken oral histories in print or on screen, not least in order to make them “readable” for wider audiences. Indeed, such re-creations can be worthy and wonderful works of scholarship and art—and this book explores a wide range of different forms and media (like the polyphonic novel and hyperlinked websites) that can most effectively convey speakers’ narratives on their own terms—but there is also, always, the danger of speakers’ voices being distorted or lost in the process of mediation. This book examines how oral histories are co-created, by speakers, by authors, and also by readers. It considers how oral history can inform our understandings of authorship and reading, to reconceive and query their potential as creative, multiple, collective, and activist. Finally, it reflects on the role of authorship in the academy.
Design and Development of Bid Management System for Google AdWords

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurate analysis of digital marketing data of advertiser firms both enables firms to reach target audience and prevents unnecessary advertisement spendings. For this purpose, in the light of data obtained, optimization in advertisement accounts is needed. Due to the increase in customers' demand to account optimization and; the errors and inefficiencies caused by manual operations, this study has started. 4 new modules are integrated to previously developed autonomous intelligent system of AdresGezgini Inc. R&D Center and explained in this study.
Comparative Effects of Recombinant Acid Sphingomyelinase Administration by Different Routes in Niemann-Pick Disease Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

An inherited deficiency of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity results in the Type A and B forms of Niemann-Pick disease (NPD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of recombinant human ASM (rhASM) replacement therapy on the mouse model, by comparing different routes of administration. Eight NPD mice received rhASM via an intravenous injection (IV) administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg and another group of 8 NPD mice received the same dose by subcutaneous injection (SC). The plasma levels of ASM activity in intravenously administered mice were significantly elevated immediately after injection. In contrast, in the subcutaneously injected mice, the level of ASM activity was maximal 6 h after injection. The levels of ASM activity in both groups had declined substantially by 2 days after injection. It was concluded that rhASM administered by subcutaneous injection is completely absorbed, and offers a similar efficacy to intravenously administered recombinant enzyme.
Twin traditions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on some of the overlaps between the anti-realist tradition and British art cinema. It does this through an examination of two small, but artistically significant traditions in British filmmaking, the composed film and the artist's biopic, and assesses how these forms have been exploited by two key figures in British art cinema: Ken Russell and Peter Greenaway. Attention is paid to Russell's The Music Lovers, and Peter Greenaway's Nightwatching, Goltzius and the Pelican Company and Eisenstein in Guanajuato. Before this, however, the chapter briefly examines the influence of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger on the composed film. 'Composed film' was Powell's adopted term for a work that was substantially or entirely shot to a pre-existing music score. Particular attention is paid to The Red Shoes and Tales of Hoffman.
Reduced suction forces achieved by Erbium:YAG laser vitrectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Erbium:YAG laser may be of future importance in performing pars plana vitrectomy. Previous in-vitro experiments have demonstrated a high efficiency for vitreous liquefaction and fragmentation [1-3]. Furthermore, it has been promised that the high cutting rate available from modern Erbium:YAG laser systems might result in a reduced suction force during vitrectomy [3].
MRSA in small animal practice: an update

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

MOST cases of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in dogs and cats can be treated successfully as long as the underlying disease is identified and addressed concurrently. However, zoonotic implications, high rates of MRSA carriage among veterinary staff, concerns about promoting resistance with the use of antimicrobials in animals and practice infection control policies remain key issues arising from the spillover of this human pathogen into the veterinary field. In addition, responsible and comprehensive owner education is crucial to ensure public confidence in veterinary care. This article discusses the occurrence of MRSA in animals and highlights the clinical and diagnostic features of MRSA infection in dogs and cats. It also suggests some options for treatment and further management of cases, and outlines a number of general strategies to help prevent the spread of MRSA in the veterinary environment.
Inflation targeting, economic performance, and income distribution: a monetary macroeconomics analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Since the adoption of inflation targeting in New Zealand in 1990, a number of developed as well as developing and emerging market economies have followed suit. Often the sole goal of central bank policies, the strategy of inflation targeting is to reduce the inflation rate and, in some cases, also reduce interest rates and output volatilities. Yet, while there is some evidence that these objectives have not been reached, we intend to look at the impact of inflation targeting on the distribution of income, more specifically on the wage share. Our conclusions show that there appears to be a decline in the wage share in the countries that have adopted an inflation-targeting regime.
Treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in colorectal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The peritoneum is the second most common site of metastasis after the liver and the only site of metastatic disease in approximately 25% of patients with colorectal cancer ( CRC ). In the past, peritoneal carcinomatosis in CRC was thought to be equivalent to distant metastasis; however, the transcoelomic spread of malignant cells is an acknowledged alternative pathway. Metastasectomy with curative intent is well accepted in patients with liver metastasis in CRC despite the paucity of randomized trials. Therefore, there is rationale for local treatment with peritonectomy to eliminate macroscopic disease, followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy to destroy any residual free tumour cells within the peritoneal cavity. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current evidence for cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis in CRC .
A New Experimental Approach to Evaluate Plasma-induced Damage in Microcantilever

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<p>Plasma&nbsp; etching,&nbsp; during&nbsp; micro-fabrication&nbsp; processing&nbsp; is&nbsp; indispensable&nbsp; for&nbsp; fabricating&nbsp; MEMS&nbsp; structures.&nbsp; During&nbsp; the&nbsp;plasma&nbsp; processes,&nbsp; two&nbsp; major matters,&nbsp; charged&nbsp; ions&nbsp; and&nbsp; vacuum–ultraviolet&nbsp; (VUV)&nbsp; irradiation&nbsp; damage,&nbsp; take&nbsp; charge&nbsp; of&nbsp;reliability&nbsp; degradation.&nbsp; The&nbsp; charged&nbsp; ions&nbsp; induce&nbsp; unwanted&nbsp; sidewall&nbsp; etching,&nbsp; generally&nbsp; called&nbsp; as&nbsp; “notching”,&nbsp; which causes&nbsp; degradation&nbsp; in&nbsp; brittle&nbsp; strength.&nbsp; Furthermore,&nbsp; the&nbsp; VUV&nbsp; irradiation&nbsp; gives&nbsp; rise&nbsp; to&nbsp; crystal&nbsp; defects&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; etching surface.&nbsp; To overcome&nbsp; the&nbsp; problem,&nbsp; neutral&nbsp; beam&nbsp; etching&nbsp; (NBE),&nbsp; which&nbsp; use&nbsp; neutral&nbsp; particles&nbsp; without&nbsp; the&nbsp; VUV irradiation,&nbsp; has&nbsp; been&nbsp; developed.&nbsp; In&nbsp; order&nbsp; to&nbsp; evaluate&nbsp; the&nbsp; effect&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; NBE&nbsp; quantitatively,&nbsp; we&nbsp; measured&nbsp; the&nbsp; resonance property of a micro-cantilever before and after NBE treatment. The thickness of damage layer (δ) times the imaginary part&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; complex Young's&nbsp; modulus&nbsp; (Eds)&nbsp; were&nbsp; then&nbsp; compared,&nbsp; which&nbsp; is&nbsp; a&nbsp; parameter&nbsp; of&nbsp; surface&nbsp; damage.&nbsp; Although plasma processes&nbsp; make the initial surface of cantilevers damaged during their fabrication, the removal of that damage by NBE was confirmed as the reduction in δEds. NBE will realize a damage-free surface for microstructures.</p>
Cough, a rare and not well recognized symptom of lead perforation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Na naše oddělení byla přijata 64letá žena k implantaci dvoudutinového kardiostimulátoru. Samotný výkon se obešel bez jakékoli komplikace. Jedna komorová elektroda s aktivní fixací byla umístěna v hrotu pravé komory. Brzy po implantaci začal pacientku sužovat neproduktivní kašel, jednoznačně související s komorovou stimulací. Transtorakální echokardiografie prokázala malý perikardiální výpotek podél apikálních segmentů. U pacientky bylo provedeno urgentní CT vyšetření s kontrastní látkou, které potvrdilo perikardiální výpotek a přítomnost elektrody v myokardu hrotu pravé komory. Pro přetrvávání symptomů jsme se rozhodli přemístit pravokomorovou elektrodu do středu mezikomorového septa. Po výkonu kašel okamžitě vymizel. © 2022, ČKS.
THE NEW METHOD OF LONG BONE MULTILEVEL DEFORMITIES CORRECTION USING THE ORTHOPEDIC HEXAPOD (PRELIMINARY REPORT)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For the treatment of patients with multilevel deformities when there are contraindications for an acute single step correction the external fixation should be applied including orthopedic hexapods. At the same time a separate orthopedic hexapod is used for each level of deformity. This leads to a significant bulkiness of the overall frame assembly. Calculation of deformity correction in the presence of an intermediate fragment (fragments) and practical implementation of correction represent by no means a simple task.Purpose of the study – to perform a clinical approbation of “spring” technique for multilevel correction of long bones deformities and to evaluate the results.Materials and methods. The authors developed an original technique for correcting multilevel deformities using a single orthopedic hexapod. During the procedure the hexapod struts are fixed only to the proximal and distal rings, and the intermediate ring (rings) is fixed to the adjacent supports using the springs – a so-called “spring” technique. The new method has been successfully tested in the treatment of 7 patients with 2 and 3-level deformities of long bones.Results. The reported correction accuracy was 97.6%. The fixation period averaged 47 weeks (from 37 to 54 weeks). In 2 cases the authors observed soft tissues inflammation around of transosseous elements eradicated by the administration of antibiotics. In one patient with post-traumatic deformity a premature consolidation was observed at one of the levels which required re-osteotomy with further correction using two hexapods.Conclusion. Preliminary results demonstrated that the use of simultaneous correction of deformities at several levels applying one orthopedic hexapod Ortho-SUV and springs simplifies correction calculations, provides optimal timing for deformity correction while maintaining the minimal frame dimensions.
Synthesis of Some Thienotetrahydroquinoline Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract 2‐Thioxo‐1,2,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinoline‐3‐carbonitrile ( 2 ) was easily S‐alkylated to produce alkyl mercapto derivatives 3a‐g . The latter compounds were cyclized to afford thienotetrahydroquinolines 4a‐g . Several pyrimidothienotetrahydroquinolines 5a‐d , and 6a‐d were obtained from the condensation of compounds 4c‐f with different reagents. o‐Aminocarbohydrazide derivative 11 was reacted with aromatic aldehydes, acetylacetone, nitrous acid and CS 2 to afford compounds 12–15 . Compound 24 was coupled with aryldiazonium chloride to afford arylazo derivatives 25 . Also it condensed with aromatic aldehydes to give arylidene derivatives 26 . The latter compounds were reacted with malononitrile to give pyrano derivative 27 .
On Single Source Robustness in Deep Fusion Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Algorithms that fuse multiple input sources benefit from both complementary and shared information. Shared information may provide robustness against faulty or noisy inputs, which is indispensable for safety-critical applications like self-driving cars. We investigate learning fusion algorithms that are robust against noise added to a single source. We first demonstrate that robustness against single source noise is not guaranteed in a linear fusion model. Motivated by this discovery, two possible approaches are proposed to increase robustness: a carefully designed loss with corresponding training algorithms for deep fusion models, and a simple convolutional fusion layer that has a structural advantage in dealing with noise. Experimental results show that both training algorithms and our fusion layer make a deep fusion-based 3D object detector robust against noise applied to a single source, while preserving the original performance on clean data.