jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The protective effect of L. siceraria against depression using behavioural despair animal models

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: In recent years, the search for novel pharmacotherapy from medicinal plants for psychiatric illness was significantly progressed. The present study was performed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria in animal models.Methods: The antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of the fruit of L. siceraria in rats was assessed using forced swim test and tail suspension test. Imipramine at 15 mg/kg was used as standard antidepressant drug.Results: The ethanolic extract of L. siceraria fruit (EELS) was significantly and dose-dependently reduced the duration of immobility after repeated treatment for 7 days in Forced swim test and Tail suspension Test. But combination of L. siceraria (200mg/kg) with Imipramine gave a highly significant result (p<0.001) in reduction of immobility duration and the effect of high dose (400mg/kg) with imipramine (15mg/kg) did not decrease the duration of immobility period in both animal models at end of the study. In this work the dose of 400mg/kg afforded more protection than the imipramine.Conclusions: The results obtained from this study was indicate that the antidepressant activity of L. siseraria.
DS-UWB Receiver with an Analog Viterbi Decoder

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a direct-conversion direct-sequence receiver for pulse-based UWB communications using a high-speed analog Viterbi decoder. The circuit system architecture is presented and simulation results for a four-stage RC-oscillator, a low-noise amplifier, a mixer and the analog Viterbi decoder are provided, which are critical building blocks in our receiver. Our target is a 125 Mbit/s at the distance of 10 m using a 1 GHz bandwidth dedicated to UWB systems between 3.1-4.9 GHz utilizing the analog Viterbi decoder. Proposed radio architecture makes possible high-speed communication with decreased power consumption.
A branch-and-bound approach to scheduling of data-parallel tasks on multi-core architectures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper studies a task scheduling problem which schedules a set of data-parallel tasks on multiple cores. Unlike most of previous literature where each task is assumed to run on a single core, this work allows individual tasks to run on multiple cores in a data-parallel fashion. Since the scheduling problem is NP-hard, a couple of heuristic algorithms which find near-optimal schedules in a short time were proposed so far. In some cases, however, exactly-optimal schedules are desired, for example, in order to evaluate heuristic algorithms. This paper proposes an exact algorithm to find optimal schedules. The proposed algorithm is based on depth-first branch-and-bound search. In our experiments with up to 100 tasks, the proposed algorithm could successfully find optimal schedules for 135 test cases out of 160 within 12 hours. Even in cases where optimal schedules were not found within 12 hours, our algorithm found better schedules than state-of-the-art heuristic algorithms.
Association of Body Composition with Functional Capacity and CognitiveFunction in Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: Older adults living in nursing homes have an increased risk of adverse outcomes. However, the role of body composition in vital health and quality of life parameters such as functional capacity and cognitive function is less studied in this group of older adults compared to community-dwelling counterparts. Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the association of body composition with functional capacity and cognitive function in nursing home residents. Methods: Fifty-three older adults (82.8 ± 7.3 years) were enrolled in this study and they underwent body composition evaluation, functional capacity and cognitive function measurements.The results showed a high prevalence of obesity accompanied by functional capacity limitations and cognitive impairment in older adults living in nursing homes. Partial correlations, controlling for age, showed that body fat percentage was positively correlated with sit-to-stand-5 (r = 0.310, p = 0.025) and timed-up-and-go (r = 0.331, p = 0.017), and negatively correlated with handgrip strength test results (r = -0.431, p<0.001), whereas greater lean body mass was associated with better sit-to-stand-5 (r = -0.410, p = 0.003), handgrip strength (r=0.624, p<0.001) and cognitive function performance (r = 0.302, p = 0.037). Results: The results showed a high prevalence of obesity accompanied by functional capacity limitations and cognitive impairment in older adults living in nursing homes. Partial correlations, controlling for age, showed that body fat percentage was positively correlated with sit-to-stand-5 (r = 0.310, p = 0.025) and timed-up-and-go (r = 0.331, p = 0.017), and negatively correlated with handgrip strength test results (r = -0.431, p<0.001), whereas greater lean body mass was associated with better sit-to-stand-5 (r = -0.410, p = 0.003), handgrip strength (r=0.624, p<0.001) and cognitive function performance (r = 0.302, p = 0.037). Conclusions: These important associations reinforce the need to develop effective healthy lifestyle interventions targeting both lean mass and body fat to combat functional and cognitive decline in nursing home residents.
Chemical and morphological gradient scaffolds to mimic hierarchically complex tissues: From theoretical modeling to their fabrication

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Porous multiphase scaffolds have been proposed in different tissue engineering applications because of their potential to artificially recreate the heterogeneous structure of hierarchically complex tissues. Recently, graded scaffolds have been also realized, offering a continuum at the interface among different phases for an enhanced structural stability of the scaffold. However, their internal architecture is often obtained empirically and the architectural parameters rarely predetermined. The aim of this work is to offer a theoretical model as tool for the design and fabrication of functional and structural complex graded scaffolds with predicted morphological and chemical features, to overcome the time‐consuming trial and error experimental method. This developed mathematical model uses laws of motions, Stokes equations, and viscosity laws to describe the dependence between centrifugation speed and fiber/particles sedimentation velocity over time, which finally affects the fiber packing, and thus the total porosity of the 3D scaffolds. The efficacy of the theoretical model was tested by realizing engineered graded grafts for osteochondral tissue engineering applications. The procedure, based on combined centrifugation and freeze‐drying technique, was applied on both polycaprolactone (PCL) and collagen‐type‐I (COL) to test the versatility of the entire process. A functional gradient was combined to the morphological one by adding hydroxyapatite (HA) powders, to mimic the bone mineral phase. Results show that 3D bioactive morphologically and chemically graded grafts can be properly designed and realized in agreement with the theoretical model. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2286–2297. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resource availability and stature decrease in Upper Palaeolithic Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary- Th e stature of the fi rst anatomically modern Europeans decreases dramatically following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the culminating point, around 20.000 BP, of a period of climatic deterioration that had profound eff ects on demographic, biological and economic aspects of Upper Palaeolithic populations. Declines in nutritional and life conditions are commonly assumed to play a major role in stature reduction. Th e aim of this paper is to test this hypothesis using skeletal indicators of biological and functional stress in samples from the early and late phases of Upper Paleolithic (respectively EUP and LUP), and integrating the results with the relevant archeological and paleoecological information. Analysis of biological stress markers indicates that after the LGM only a minor decline occurred in health conditions. Th is and the absence of marked or frequent growth disruptions suggests that nutritional defi ciencies alone do not explain the observed trend. Biomechanical data, however, show an increase in upper limb robusticity, indicating that LUP populations were devoting more eff ort to subsistence activities. Th ose results dovetail with archaeological information pointing to increased competition for access to resources by growing populations living in a less productive environment. Based on that, we suggest that a microevolutionary adaptive process, involving reduction in body size to reduce energy requirements and hence nutritional demands, took place in the moderately adverse conditions following the LGM.
γ-Amino-n-butyric, aspartic, glutamic and pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid; their determination and occurrence in grass during conservation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Research Article| April 01 1959 γ-Amino-n-butyric, aspartic, glutamic and pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid; their determination and occurrence in grass during conservation H. T. Macpherson; H. T. Macpherson 1Chemistry Department, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh University Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. S. Slater J. S. Slater 1Chemistry Department, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh University Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1959 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1959 Biochem J (1959) 71 (4): 654–660. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0710654 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation H. T. Macpherson, J. S. Slater; γ-Amino-n-butyric, aspartic, glutamic and pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid; their determination and occurrence in grass during conservation. Biochem J 1 April 1959; 71 (4): 654–660. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0710654 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1959 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1959 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Approximation and calibration of laws of solutions to stochastic differential equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In many situations where stochastic modeling is used, one desires to choose the coefficients of a stochastic differential equation which represents the reality as simply as possible. For example one desires to approximate a diffusion model with high complexity coefficients by a model within a class of simple diffusion models. To achieve this goal, we introduce a new Wasserstein type distance on the set of laws of solutions to d-dimensional stochastic differential equations. This new distance $\widetilde{W}^{2}$ is defined similarly to the classical Wasserstein distance $\widetilde{W}^{2}$ but the set of couplings is restricted to the set of laws of solutions of 2$d$-dimensional stochastic differential equations. We prove that this new distance $\widetilde{W}^{2}$ metrizes the weak topology. Furthermore this distance $\widetilde{W}^{2}$ is characterized in terms of a stochastic control problem. In the case d = 1 we can construct an explicit solution. The multi-dimensional case, is more tricky and classical results do not apply to solve the HJB equation because of the degeneracy of the differential operator. Nevertheless, we prove that this HJB equation admits a regular solution.
E-mail-“inspired” changes in non-native legal discourse

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Language@Internet , 3 , article 4 (2006) - At IDC, students use electronic resources for research and online interactive communication with instructors, usually in English. This paper discusses preliminary research into the overlap between the informality of e-mail communication between students and instructors and the growing use (or misuse) of e-mail-type informal discourse in formal written legal assignments. Four students were given a hypothetical legal case and requested to write: (a) a formal letter that would be sent by e-mail to one of the parties in the case, and (b) an executive memo e-mail to the senior partner in one of the law firms representing the parties. No instruction was given as to constructing a formal legal letter or an executive memo. In the resulting e-mail communications, many examples of typical informal e-mail shorthand were used. The students were interviewed and were able to locate and change most of the errors in their letters. Several students expressed the belief that this type of “shorthand” is or should be acceptable when the formal message is an e-mail communication.
The effect of a dielectric electrode coating on discharge inception in a gaseous void of small volume

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The author investigated features of the initiation of a discharge in a gaseous void of small volume, and the influence of a dielectric covering one of the surfaces enclosing a gaseous void on this phenomena. The solid dielectric specimens used were made of: (1) synthetic foil (polyethyleneterephtalate) with a thickness of 20 mu m and surface resistivity rho =10/sup 12/ Omega ; (2) transformer paper with a thickness of 100 mu m and rho =10/sup 10/ Omega ; and (3) transformer-oil-impregnated paper with a thickness of 100 mu m and rho =10/sup 8/ Omega . The use of the dielectric with the higher surface resistivity resulted in an increase of the time lag. A positive-polarity charge on the dielectric surfaces was found to considerably reduce the discharge time lag. The results show that the mechanism of discharge inception in small gas cavities is still not clear. The test results support the hypothesis that in this case the effect of a dielectric electrode coating on the discharge-inception mechanism is decisive. It is further evident that the void-enclosing surface is responsible for the emission intensity of the electrons in the rest time range from 1 to 100 s.< >
Byron and Nationalism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Byron’s poetry, drama, and thought differ widely from the ideologies of ethnic or ethnocultural nationalism that emerged during his lifetime and culminated before the mid-nineteenth century. In spite of this, Byron’s work was appropriated by a number of nationalist movements in nineteenth-century Europe. This contradiction is traced to the paradoxical relationship between poetry and politics in his life and work. This chapter focuses first on the contrasting representations of Scotland and England in Byron’s early poems in Hours of Idleness. The second part analyses the representations of Greece in Canto II of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage and The Giaour, demonstrating how they subvert Greek nationalist imagery. The third part discusses the dilemma of Byron’s ‘national identity’ as presented in Canto X of Don Juan (1823), which incorporated a satirical image of contemporary Britain. The chapter’s epilogue presents an example of the nationalist reception of Byron in the nineteenth-century Czech emancipation movement, showing how the image of the poet as an alien intruder in the Czech national community connects local ethnocentric nationalism with its other far more violent and extreme manifestations.
Economic Analysis of Conservation Developments in Western North Carolina

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The growth rate in western North Carolina has risen 20% in the past 10 years. This drastic increase has led to an alarming rate of development causing the degradation of many of the natural habitats that are native to western North Carolina. In order to curb some of this degradation development needs to become more sustainable towards the environment. Conservation developments, which are housing developments that place environmental protection as their first priority, are one way to become more sustainable. The economic analysis is done for developers and for society to try and show the economic benefits associated with conservation developments. A cost comparison is done on two different developments, a hedonic pricing model is used to evaluate price premiums and an evaluation of carbon benefits are all used as part of the analysis. \n\nThe results indicate that it is cheaper to build conservation developments and they sell for a 39% price premium. Unfortunately, conservation developments do not gain as much profit as conventional developments due to the difference in housing density. Even with the addition of carbon sequestration values, which are greater in conservation developments, the profits are still less. It is important for conservation developments to be supported in this area since they are much more sensitive to the too often degraded landscape.
¿Explican las preferencias cuasi-hiperbólicas la procrastinación académica? Una evaluación empírica

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Behavioral economics explains self-control issues as based on intertemporal preferences of individuals; in particular, the so-called (ß-d) model explains it by reference to a bias towards the present. This model classifies individuals as being either consistent, naive or sophisticated according to their attitude to said issues, a classification which is becoming standard in the literature. However, such explanation has not been tested empirically in a systematic way. In this paper, we develop a method that makes contrasting the main implications of that model possible when it comes to explaining procrastination by college students. Academic procrastination by students (putting off study time ahead of their exams) is seen as a direct consequence of self-control issues and, therefore, should be predictable by their intertemporal preferences. Using a time-discount experimental task with real monetary incentives, we estimate the parameters ß and d of students’ preferences and then test their correlation with their answers to questions about how they plan to study an exam. The results are ambiguous in that our findings do support some conclusions from the model, while others derived from it are rejected. Specifically, we have not found a relationship between a bias towards the present and some of the categories of individuals as established in the standard classification. Los problemas de autocontrol se han explicado desde la economía del comportamiento en base a las preferencias intertemporales de los individuos, en concreto, a través del denominado modelo (ß, d) que explica este fenómeno por los sesgos hacia el presente. Este modelo ha deparado una clasificación de individuos en función de su actitud ante tales problemas en consistentes, ingenuos o sofisticados que se está consolidando en la literatura. No obstante, tal explicación carece de una evaluación empírica sistemática. En este artículo, desarrollamos un método que posibilita contrastar las principales implicaciones que tiene este modelo para explicar la procrastinación de los estudiantes universitarios. La procrastinación de cara a la preparación de exámenes por parte de los estudiantes es entendida como una clara consecuencia de los problemas de autocontrol y, por tanto, debería ser predicha por sus preferencias intertemporales. Usando una tarea experimental de descuento temporal con incentivos monetarios reales, estimamos los parámetros ß y d de las preferencias de los estudiantes y analizamos su correlación con las respuestas de los mismos a una serie de cuestiones sobre cómo planifican el estudio de un examen. Los resultados son ambiguos dado que respaldan algunas conclusiones del modelo, pero rechazan otras, incluyendo algunas de las más básicas como la relación entre los sesgos hacia el presente y algunas de las categorías de individuos.
Developmental Language Disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on the subgroup of children with unexpected and unexplained language disorder. It describes the term "developmental language disorder" (DLD) to refer to these children, acknowledging that the research and draw on frequently has referred to them as having specific language impairments. The interest in the grammatical abilities of children with DLD that set them apart from typically developing age mates dates back to some of the earliest studies of DLD. Evidence for a qualitative difference required that the children with DLD be different from children who are presumably at the same point in development. The utility of sentence imitation in the diagnosis of DLD came from an early study searching for indicators of DLD in adults. All the body of work in developmental psychology can apply to these children, and the insights from research on DLD should also apply and inform thinking in developmental psychology.
Children, Accountability and Justice: Advancing Restorative Justice for Child Soldiers and Child Pirates

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The variance in the international community’s approach to justice for child soldiers and child pirates is curious – why is it that child pirates are faced with impunity or, alternatively, harsh criminal sentences, sometimes in adult courts and prisons, while child soldiers are offered restorative justice with a focus on rehabilitation and reintegration? There are many commonalities in the role and experience of child soldiers and child pirates, most notably in terms of their indistinct role as victim and perpetrator. Nonetheless, the international conception of these children and the legal and policy responses to their crimes are vastly different. Restorative justice is widely accepted as an appropriate response to cope with child soldiers in post-conflict settings due to its ability to uphold the accountability of the child, prioritize rehabilitation, healing, and reintegration, and act as a prevention mechanism for re-entry into conflict. It seems the same should apply to child pirates – strangely, it does not.
Critical Interventions in Caribbean Politics and Theory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This book reflects on Caribbean politics, particularly radical politics and ideologies in the postcolonial era. The book also explains the peculiarities of the contemporary neoliberal period while searching for pathways beyond the current plight. The first part, “Theoretical Forays” makes a conscious attempt to engage with contemporary Caribbean political thought at a moment of flux and search for a relevant theoretical language and style to both explicate the Caribbean's recent past and confront the difficult conditions of the early twenty-first century. The next part, “Caribbean Questions,” both retrospective and biographical, retraces the authors own engagement with the University of the West Indies, the short-lived but influential Caribbean Black Power movement, the work of seminal Trinidadian thinker and activist Lloyd Best, Cuba's relationship with Jamaica, and the crisis and collapse of the Grenada Revolution. The concluding section “Jamaican Journeys,” excerpts and extracts from a longer, more sustained engagement with Jamaican politics and society. Much of the author's argument builds around the notion that Jamaica faces a crucial moment, as the author seeks to chart and explain its convoluted political path and dismal economic performance over the past three decades. The book suggests that despite the emptying of sovereignty in the increasingly globalized world, windows to enhanced human development might open through greater democracy and popular inclusion.