jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional reconstruction of tracked freehand ultrasound using non-rigid registration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Freehand three-dimensional ultrasound produces a set of irregularly spaced and orientated B-scans. These are usually reconstructed on a regularly spaced three-dimensional grid using an appropriate interpolation technique. This paper presents a novel method to interpolate intensity values between a set of non-intersecting B-scans. The method uses an intensity based non-rigid registration algorithm based on B-splines to establish spatial correspondence between neighbouring B-scans. Linear interpolation of the image intensities is carried out along the directions calculated by the registration algorithm. The method is compared to voxel nearest neighbour interpolation in 4 datasets. Results show our method to have on average a 16% improved performance over voxel nearest neighbour interpolation using mean square difference as an error measure.
An interactive visualization tool for the exploration and analysis of multivariate ocean data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p><span lang="EN-US">Ocean data exhibits great heterogeneity from variances in measuring methods, formats, and quality, making it extremely complicated and diverse due to a variety of data kinds, sources, and study elements. A few examples of data sources are satellites, buoys, ships, self-driving cars, and distant systems. The processing of data is made more challenging by the significant regional and temporal variations in oceanic characteristics including temperature, salinity, and currents. This work presents an interactive tool for multivariate ocean parameter visualisation, specifically overlays, based on Python. In ocean data visualisation, overlays are extra visual layers or data points that are layered to improve comprehension over a basic map. Based on the available data and the visualisation goals, these overlays are chosen and blended. Users can customise overlays with this tool, which also supports formatting, 2D and 3D visualisation, and data preparation. In order to reduce artefacts, it uses kriging interpolation for 3D visualisation and a modified version of the ray casting algorithm for representing octree data. By integrating overlays like as bathymetry, currents, temperature, and marine life, users can produce visually appealing and comprehensive depictions of ocean data. This method provides a thorough grasp of intricate marine processes by making it easier to see patterns, trends, and abnormalities in the data.</span></p>
Joints of continuous carbon fiber reinforced lithium aluminosilicate glass ceramics matrix composites to Ti60 alloy brazed using Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu active alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Continuous carbon fiber reinforced lithium aluminosilicate glass ceramics matrix composites (Cf/LAS composites) are joined to Ti60 alloy vacuum brazed using Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu brazing alloy. The effects of the brazing temperature on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of brazed joints are investigated in details. The interfacial microstructure varies apparently with an increase of the brazing temperature. The thicknesses of the banded Ti solid solution (Ti(s, s)) and the reactive layer between Cf/LAS composites and the interlayer grow gradually. The mechanical properties of brazed joints increase firstly and then decrease with an increasing temperature. In addition, a joint that is brazed at 980 °C for 10 min shows the highest shear strength of ∼38.13 MPa. At the same time, the fracture paths of brazed joints also change as the temperature increases. When the brazing temperature is 950 °C, the fracture position is in the TiC + ZrC + Ti2O + ZrSi2 + Ti5Si3 layer on the composite side. When the brazing temperature is 980 °C, the fracture position is on the side of the braze seam (Ti, Zr)2(Ni, Cu), Ti2O + ZrSi2 + Ti5Si3 layer, and carbon fiber in the composite material. When the brazing temperature is 990 °C, the fracture position is in the Ti2O + ZrSi2 + Ti5Si3 layer on the composite side and the carbon fiber in the composite material. Keywords: Brazing, Composites, Mechanical properties, Microstructure, Titanium alloys
Evaluation of Possible Causes for the Decline of Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) Based on Elemental Composition and δ13C of Needles

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The decline of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) has been observed mainly in the groves of shrines, temples, and residences located in inland areas of the Kanto Plain, Japan, since the 1960s. I evaluated possible causes for the decline such as soil acidification and/or water stress based on the concentration of nutrient elements and Al and δ13C of needles. Needles from declining trees did not exhibit the concentration of these elements that would be expected if the trees were affected by soil acidification. On the other hand, higher levels of δ13C were observed in needles from sites with a high level of decline and especially in needles from the upper crown of declining trees. These results tend to support the hypothesis that the main cause of decline is due to water stress related to dry atmospheric conditions and possibly ambient ozone exposure. Also, the results suggests that the δ13C of needles from the upper crown is useful as a sensitive indicator of the degree of water stress experienced by trees.
Chemical Modification of Membranes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Four different amino-reactive reagents, 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS),1 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB), 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and 2-methoxy-5-nitrotropone (MNT) decrease the anion permeability of the human red blood cell, as measured by sulfate fluxes, whereas the sulfhydryl agent, parachloromercuriphenyl sulfonic acid (PCMBS), does not. In contrast, PCMBS increases the cation permeability as measured by K+ leakage, whereas SITS does not. Of the other agents, FDNB increases the cation permeability to the same extent as PCMBS but MNT and TNBS produce smaller increases. PCMBS does not protect against FDNB as it does against other sulfhydryl agents (X-irradiation) and the FDNB effect on cations is attributed to amino groups. Studies of the binding of SITS indicate that it does not penetrate into the membrane and its failure to influence cation permeability is attributed to its inability to reach an internal population of amino groups. It is concluded that two ion permeability barriers, both involving proteins, are present in the red blood cell. The more superficial barrier contains amino groups and controls anion flow; the more internal barrier contains sulfhydryl and amino groups and controls cation flow. The amino groups contribute to the control of permeability by virtue of their positive charges, but the role of sulfhydryl groups is not clear. Only a small fraction of the membrane protein amino and sulfhydryl is involved in the barriers.
Beyond Therapy: A Conceptual Review of Emotion-Focused Coaching for Mental Well-Being

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Emotion-Focused Coaching (EFC) is used as a non-therapeutic coaching approach that bases its work on emotions to help people develop personally and achieve life satisfaction. This literature review integrates theoretical foundations with academic research to study EFC's effects on emotional awareness and self-compassion development and its impact on psychological resilience and relationship quality. EFC serves people who maintain normal functioning in their personal and professional lives through a structured method to identify and validate emotions before they need clinical help. The research findings demonstrate that EFC has four main advantages, which include better emotional regulation and identification, reduced self-criticism and enhanced self-acceptance, improved stress management, and strengthened interpersonal connection skills. The literature suggests that EFC may be particularly suitable in education, healthcare, and leadership contexts with high emotional demands, complementing goal-oriented coaching models. Research on Emotional-Focused Coaching currently exists as conceptual studies, which prove the necessity for emotional facilitation training, but more empirical studies are needed to measure EFC effectiveness and evaluate its cross-cultural adaptability.
Mast Cell Functions Linking Innate Sensing to Adaptive Immunity

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Although Mast cells are known as key drivers of type I allergic reactions, there is increasing evidence for their critical role in host defense. MCs do not only play an important role in initiating innate immune responses, but also influence the onset, kinetic and amplitude of the adaptive arm of immunity, or fine-tune the mode of the adaptive reaction. Intriguingly, MCs have been shown to affect T cell activation by direct interaction or indirectly by modifying properties of antigen-presenting cells, and can even modulate lymph node-borne adaptive responses remotely from the periphery. In this review, we provide a summary of recent findings that explain how MCs act as a link between the innate and the adaptive immunity, all the way from sensing inflammatory insult to orchestrating the final outcome of the immune response.
Theoretical Study on the Conformational Bioeffect of the Fluorination of Acetylcholine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract There has been an increasing interest in the study of fluorinated derivatives of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), an acetylcholine ( AC ) analog. This work reports a theoretical study on the effect of an α‐carbonyl fluorination in AC , aiming at understanding the role of a distant fluorine relative to the positively charged nitrogen on the conformational folding of the resulting fluorinated AC . In addition, the chemical and structural changes were evaluated on the basis of ligand‐enzyme (acetylcholinesterase) interactions. In an enzyme‐free environment, the fluorination yields conformational changes relative to AC due to the appearance of some attractive interactions with fluorine and a weaker steric repulsion between the fluorine substituent and the carboxyl group, rather than to a possible electrostatic interaction F⋅⋅⋅N + . Moreover, the gauche orientation in the N−C−C−O fragment of AC owing to the electrostatic gauche effect is reinforced after fluorination. For instance, the conformational equilibrium in AC is described by a competition between gauche and anti conformers (accounting for the N−C−C−O dihedral angle) in DMSO, while the population for a gauche conformer in the fluorinated AC is almost 100 % in both gas phase and DMSO. However, this arrangement is disrupted in the biological environment even in the fluorinated derivative (whose bioconformation‐like geometry shows a ligand‐protein interaction of −84.1 kcal mol −1 against −79.5 kcal mol −1 for the most stable enzyme‐free conformation), which shows an anti N−C−C−O orientation, because the enzyme induced‐fit takes place. Nevertheless, the most likely bioconformation for the fluorinated AC does not match the bioactive AC backbone nor the most stable enzyme‐free conformation, thus revealing the role of fluorination on the bioconformational control of AC .
Xtriticosecale sp. CWI 39977

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Xtriticosecale sp.
Common name(s): Wheat
Other names: 6TB9Y
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico
Local sample unique identifier: CWI 39977
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1991
Other identifiers: n/a,6TB9Y, n/a,CWI39977, n/a,CID 275283 SID 0, n/a,GID 291109
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeder's line
MLS status: Included
Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Reformasi Birokrasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Lingkup Dinas Perhubungan Kota Pare-Pare

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bureaucratic reform is a government effort to improve the performance of state apparatus to provide optimal service to the community. This study aims to analyze the implementation of bureaucratic reform policies on the performance of Civil Servants (PNS) at the Pare-Pare City Transportation Agency. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of bureaucratic reform at the Pare-Pare City Transportation Agency has gone quite well, but there are still several obstacles such as limited human resources and supporting facilities and infrastructure. The bureaucratic reform policy has proven to have a positive effect on improving the performance of PNS in terms of productivity, service quality, responsiveness, responsibility, and accountability. Strong commitment from leaders and all employees is needed as well as adequate budget support to optimize the implementation of bureaucratic reform in the future.
Surface reconstructions of zinc-blende GaN/GaAs(001) in plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We identify the growth conditions required for the synthesis of purely cubic GaN films on GaAs(001) by means of plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. It is shown that it is the surface stoichiometry which governs the phase composition and which thus has to be tightly controlled in order to avoid nucleation of hexagonal grains. Such control over the surface stoichiometry is achieved by investigating the surface reconstructions of zinc-blende GaN under both static and dynamic conditions by in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction.
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis When Reducing Insulin Dosage in Patients Taking Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor has been recently reported of diabetic ketoacidosis due to accumulation of ketone bodies in patients with severe dehydration caused from such like diarrhea even though the patient had normal glucose level. This is a case of ketoacidosis in normal glucose level as production of ketone bodies is stimulated in liver with increased secretion of glucagon by stimulation of α cells in pancreas due to increase of lipolysis caused from reducing insulin and by SGLT2 inhibitor among patients who are under concurrent insulin and SGLT2 inhibitor. Thus, insulin dosage reduction requires caution in order to control blood glucose level on combined treatment of SGLT2 inhibitor in a patient who is administering insulin because the patient may be caused ketoacidosis in normal blood glucose level.
Diagnostic approach in TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma: a multi-institutional international survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transcription factor E3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma (TFE3-RCC) has heterogenous morphologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) features. 131 pathologists with genitourinary expertise were invited in an online survey containing 23 questions assessing their experience on TFE3-RCC diagnostic work-up. Fifty (38%) participants completed the survey. 46 of 50 participants reported multiple patterns, most commonly papillary pattern (almost always 9/46, 19.5%; frequently 29/46, 63%). Large epithelioid cells with abundant cytoplasm were the most encountered cytologic feature, with either clear (almost always 10/50, 20%; frequently 34/50, 68%) or eosinophilic (almost always 4/49, 8%; frequently 28/49, 57%) cytology. Strong (3+) or diffuse (>75% of tumour cells) nuclear TFE3 IHC expression was considered diagnostic by 13/46 (28%) and 12/47 (26%) participants, respectively. Main TFE3 IHC issues were the low specificity (16/42, 38%), unreliable staining performance (15/42, 36%) and background staining (12/42, 29%). Most preferred IHC assays other than TFE3, cathepsin K and pancytokeratin were melan A (44/50, 88%), HMB45 (43/50, 86%), carbonic anhydrase IX (41/50, 82%) and CK7 (32/50, 64%). Cut-off for positive TFE3 fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) was preferably 10% (9/50, 18%), although significant variation in cut-off values was present. 23/48 (48%) participants required TFE3 FISH testing to confirm TFE3-RCC regardless of the histomorphologic and IHC assessment. 28/50 (56%) participants would request additional molecular studies other than FISH assay in selected cases, whereas 3/50 participants use additional molecular cases in all cases when TFE3-RCC is in the differential. Optimal diagnostic approach on TFE3-RCC is impacted by IHC and/or FISH assay preferences as well as their conflicting interpretation methods.
Outpatient loop diathermy conization as an alternative to inpatient knife conization of the cervix.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A knife cone biopsy of the cervix is usually performed as an inpatient procedure under general anesthesia and is associated with significant morbidity. Loop diathermy conization was performed under local anesthesia on colposcopy outpatients as an alternative to knife conization. In 33 consecutive patients studied the procedure was well tolerated, there were no operative complications, and a satisfactory specimen for histologic examination was obtained in every case. One case of unsuspected invasive cancer and two of suspected microinvasive cancer were diagnosed. The diagnosis of cervical precancer was made in 24 (73%) of the cases. The introduction of outpatient loop diathermy conization of the cervix instead of knife conization would decrease hospitalization costs, avoid the need for general anesthesia and potentially reduce short-term patient morbidity.
New Action of Inhibin Alpha Subunit in Advanced Prostate Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract : This project ultimately aims to identify the role of inhibin alpha (INHA) in advanced prostate cancer. The hypothesis to be tested is that INHA is tumor promoting and pro-metastatic in advanced prostate cancer. To date, we have made significant progress towards understanding the role INHA in advanced prostate disease. We have demonstrated that increased INHA expression in highly aggressive, metastatic and androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line, PC3, further promotes its tumor growth and metastatic ability. Increase in metastasis was further evident by increase lymph vessel density (LVD) and lymphatic invasion by the cancer cells. This was also accompanied by increase in VEGF-A and VEGF-C expression. Furthermore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to determine a link between INHA expression and a number of clinicopathological parameters including Gleason score, surgical margin, extracapsular spread, lymph node status and VEGF-R3 expression which are well established prognostic factors of PCa. Elevated expression of INHA in primary PCa tissues showed a higher risk of PCa patients being positive for clinicopathological parameters outlined above. This study is the first to demonstrate a pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic role for INHA in the androgen-independent stage of metastatic prostate disease. Our results also suggest that INHA expression in the primary prostate tumor can be used as a predictive factor for prognosis of PCa. Our preliminary work on understanding the mechanism suggests the involvement of ERK/MAPKsignaling pathway through which INHA promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Whatever the outcomes of these experiments are, we are sure to contribute significantly to our understanding of the role of INHA in the process of prostate carcinogenesis.
Natural law and “dominium”: An analysis on the basis of human rights in Domingo de Soto

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

O artigo em questão visa perscrutar o entendimento de Domingo de Soto sobre a lei natural e sua projeção para a análise dos direitos humanos. Partindo de Tomás de Aquino, o autor segoviano situa o instituto do “dominium” no espectro de exigências da lei natural, submetendo-o à tábua dos princípios primeiros da razão prática. No artigo ora proposto, buscamos sondar o tecido analítico presente em duas de suas obras: De Iustitia et Iure e Relectio de Dominio. Palavras-chave: lei, dominium, direito, razão.
A Parameter Correction Technique (PCT) for acoustic emission characterisation in large-scale composites

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Acoustic emission (AE) has been extensively used for over 40 years for non-destructive evaluation of damage in different types of materials and structures. Damage identification is considered as one of many attractive attributes of this technique. Most studies in this field have been conducted on small-scale specimens by analysing the AE parameters recorded using different commercial AE acquisition systems directly. However, these AE parameters are affected by attenuation, superposition, material properties and complex geometry which can lead to incorrect input data in the analysis process, thus making accurate characterisation challenging. Furthermore, using AE for the Structure Health Monitoring (SHM) is highly dependent on the recorded parameter values for decision making on the integrity of the structure. This paper describes a novel solution to enable AE parameters to be “corrected” to account for the material properties and the geometry of the structure. The ‘‘Parameter Correction Technique (PCT)’’ utilises an artificial source; recording the relationship between the signal parameters and varying source amplitude from a number of locations, to create a multi-layer map to correct the recorded parameter value. A five-step description of the process is provided and practical results from an initial trial are presented. Initial trial results demonstrate a considerable improvement over the conventional parameters. Various artificial sources were used to assess the performance of the Parameter Correction Technique in a composite panel. The technique is demonstrated on a single parameter analysis (namely amplitude) and the correlation plot. In order to demonstrate the advantage of the PCT, the traditional AE parameters are presented side-by-side for comparison, which reveals a substantial improvement in parameter value accuracy. The effects of attenuation, anisotropy etc. have been eliminated using the new method. Moreover, it is proven that AE signal propagation path seriously affects the recorded AE parameters and cannot be ignored. Thus, the PCT is an effective technique that may be used to overcome signal propagation effects and correct the recorded qualitative parameters to provide a better discrimination of different sources types in composite materials.