jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The O.M.G.E. Multinational Inflammatory Bowel Disease Survey 1976-1982. A further report on 2,657 cases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This presentation describes the progress during 1982-1986 of the OMGE Multinational Survey of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. After a brief description of the study design and protocol, the status of the survey in 1986 is presented. In all, 40 centres contributed 3175 cases at that time, data collection being meticulous via previously designed proformata. Diagnostic criteria are next discussed. Little change between 1976 and 1986 is noted, with wide congruence of diagnostic thought, now codified into a simple (and recommended) OMGE diagnostic scoring system. Patients seen prior to 1978 were reviewed in 1986. Where attempted, a follow-up of over 86% was achieved, usually more than 4 years after the original presentation involving no less than 5215 'patient-years' of observed follow-up. Following these overall considerations, details of four subprojects are annexed, each of which was presented as a 'free paper' at the 8th World Congress and concerning, respectively, the changing natural history of IBD, risks of perforation and toxic megacolon in the 1980s, IBD in elderly patients, and features associated with recurrence in Crohn's disease.
Reoperation for Recurrent Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From a total of 869 patients primarily operated on for bronchogenic carcinoma, nine underwent a second operation for recurrence of the tumour. The median interval between the operations was 16 months. In four patients the second operation consisted of resection of ipsilateral residual lung after primary segmental resection or lobectomy. One patient underwent contralateral pneumonectomy after primary segmental resection. In the four remaining cases a contralateral lobectomy or segmental resection was performed after primary lobectomy. Four of the nine patients are still alive but, after a short observation time, only two are tumour-free. On the basis of these findings we cannot recommend reoperation for bronchogenic carcinoma, except in very rare, individually selected cases.
Rapid calcium release and proton uptake at the disk membrane of isolated cattle rod outer segments. 2. Kinetics of light-stimulated calcium release and proton uptake

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid calcium release and proton uptake at the disk membrane of isolated cattle rod outer segments. 2. Kinetics of light-stimulated calcium release and proton uptakeU. B. Kaupp, P. P. M. Schnetkamp, and W. JungeCite this: Biochemistry 1981, 20, 19, 5511–5516Publication Date (Print):September 15, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00522a025https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00522a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Research progress on salivary gland mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Salivary gland mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (SGML) is a subvariety of marginal zone B-cells that occurs outside of mucosal lymph nodes. The onset of SGML is closely related to immunity, chronic infections, and genetic factors, such as lymphoepithelial sialadenitis (LESA) and Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), as well as Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis C virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human T-lymphocytic virus. The most common site of SGML is the parotid gland, followed by the submandibular gland, small salivary gland, and sublingual gland. SGML is more common in middle-aged and elderly women, and patients often have autoimmune diseases, such as Sjogren’s syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis. SGML can be diagnosed through clinical manifestations, imaging, and histopathology, but histopathological biopsy remains the main method for confirming SGML. Traditional treatment methods include anti-infective therapy and surgery combined with radiation or chemotherapy. In recent years, some new treatment methods, such as Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors, have been effective against recurrent or refractory SGML, but more clinical trial data are needed to support them. At present, the optimal treatment for SGML is not yet clear. Individualized treatment plans should be developed based on the location, staging, clinical characteristics, and overall health status of the patient. SGML progresses slowly and has a relatively good overall prognosis; however, the disease is recurrent, the treatment cycle is long, the recurrence rate is higher than that of other mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas, and SGML may also cause other serious complications. Therefore, regular observation and follow-up are very important for its prognosis. This article reviews the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of SGML, with the aim of providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and thus improve the survival rate of patients with SGML.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor antagonizes hydrocortisone-induced increases in cytosolic IκBα

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory cytokine secreted by several cell types, including mononuclear and pituitary cells. It has also been shown to counteract cortisol-induced inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether MIF antagonized the effect of hydrocortisone on the NF-κB/IκB signal transduction pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Physiological doses of hydrocortisone (50–200 ng/ml) diminished both the LPS-stimulated decrease in cytosolic IκBα levels and the subsequent increase in nuclear NF-κB DNA binding. In the presence of both LPS and hydrocortisone, 1 ng/ml of MIF antagonized the effects of hydrocortisone, resulting in decreased cytosolic IκBα levels ( P < 0.05) and increased nuclear NF-κB DNA binding ( P < 0.05). In the absence of hydrocortisone, MIF had no effect on LPS-induced decreases in IκBα. In the absence of LPS, MIF inhibited hydrocortisone-induced increases in IκBα ( P = 0.03). Thus the mechanism by which MIF antagonizes the effect of hydrocortisone on the NF-kB/IκB signal transduction pathway is through inhibiting the ability of hydrocortisone to increase cytosolic IκBα.
07 Teachers' Perspectives and Challenges in Assessment of Revised Teachers' Training Programs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated teachers' reflective perspectives regarding assessment practices of revised teachers’ training programs in the Punjab province by employing qualitative approach. Faculty members of the two universities and their affiliated colleges (N=18) where these programs are introduced were interviewed and the texts were coded and analyzed qualitatively by employing Grounded Theory Approach (Creswell, 2003). The main perspectives that emerged as a result of analysis are graded activities, criteria for marks allocation for formative assessment, summative assessment, concept of rubrics, evaluation of student ability, freedom of academic sharing, satisfaction level, problems that are encountered by the teacher educators during assessment practices and suggestions for improvement. In a nutshell, the interview data revealed dissatisfaction of the teacher educators with the assessment system of revised teachers’ training programs.
SPECIFICS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ASYMMETRIC ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM ON ELLIPTIC CURVES

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The use of information technologies has become an integral part of the modern world, and the internet has played a vital role in facilitating access to various services, from ordering food to obtaining government services. However, with the increased reliance on the internet, the issue of information protection has become more pressing than ever. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, remote work and online learning have become the norm, which has further emphasized the need for robust information protection mechanisms. One of the primary ways of ensuring information security is through the use of cryptographic algorithms. These algorithms have been in use for several decades and have provided an effective means of protecting sensitive information. However, with the exponential growth of computing power, the demands on these algorithms have increased, and some of them have become outdated and are no longer secure enough. As a result, there is a pressing need for the development of new cryptographic algorithms that use more complex mathematical principles to provide a higher level of security. One such class of algorithms that has gained popularity in recent years is elliptic curve cryptography. These algorithms use the principles of elliptic curves to provide greater security while using relatively fewer system resources. Elliptic curve cryptography has several advantages over other cryptographic algorithms. Firstly, it provides a higher level of security with shorter key lengths, making it ideal for use in devices with limited processing power and memory. Additionally, it offers greater resistance to attacks by quantum computers, which are expected to become more prevalent in the future. Moreover, elliptic curve cryptography has found applications in several areas, including secure communication protocols, digital signatures, and key exchange algorithms. These algorithms are part of the TLS protocol, which is used by the HTTPS protocol to ensure secure transmission of information over the Internet. The continuous development and integration of cryptographic algorithms into various information systems will be crucial for protecting against cyber threats in the future.
Khataman Ṣaḥīh Bukhārī by PCNU Jombang (A Study of Living Hadith)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research aims to analyze the social actions that occur during the Ṣaḥīh Bukhārī khatam event organized by the Jombang branch of Nahdlatul Ulama (PCNU). The study adopts Max Weber's perspective on social action as its analytical approach, using four of his theories: traditional, affective, rationality, and value orientation. The research methodology used is qualitative, with interviews as the data collection method. Additionally, a literature review is conducted to uncover historical data on the tradition of khatam Ṣaḥīh Bukhārī in Islam and the opinions of scholars (ulama). The research findings indicate that the Ṣaḥīh Bukhārī khatam activities of PCNU Jombang continue to exist due to four factors. First, these activities are a manifestation of the respect and preservation of traditions practiced by scholars in Islam and the NU organization itself. Second, the activities can evoke emotional responses from the participants because they share a common goal and are influenced by the presence of respected religious leaders (Kyai) who contribute to the emotional atmosphere. Third, the activities are consistently carried out because the participants possess the capacity to engage in them rationally. Fourth, all participants believe that these activities hold significant and beneficial values, which are highly anticipated by everyone involved. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tindakan sosial yang terjadi dalam acara Khataman Ṣaḥīh Bukhārī yang diselenggarakan oleh Pengurus Cabang Nahdlatul Ulama (PCNU) Jombang. Penelitian ini mengadopsi perspektif Max Weber tentang tindakan sosial sebagai pendekatan analisisnya dengan empat teorinya yaitu, tradisional, afektif, rasionalitas, dan orientasi nilai. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah metode kualitatif dengan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Selain itu, kajian literatur juga dilakukan untuk mengungkap data sejarah dari tradisi Khataman kitab Ṣaḥīh Bukhārī dalam Islam dan pendapat ‘ulama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan Khataman Ṣaḥīh Bukhārī PCNU Jombang selalu eksis karena empat faktor. Pertama, kegiatan ini merupakan wujud dari penghormatan dan pelestarian tradisi-tradisi yang dilakukan ‘Ulama dalam Islam dan organisasi NU sendiri. Kedua, kegiatan ini dapat menyentuh rasa emosional para pesertanya karena memiliki sebuah tujuan yang sama serta adanya figur kyai yang juga berperan dalam membentuk rasa emosional tersebut. Ketiga, kegiatan ini selalu dilaksanakan karena secara rasional para pesertanya memiliki kapasitas dalam menjalankannya. Keempat, kegiatan ini diyakini oleh semua pesertanya memiliki nilai-nilai baik yang sangat bermanfaat dan sangat diharapkan oleh semua peserta.
comparing emotion regulation, early maladaptive schemas and emotional expressiveness in people with or without panic disorder-

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to compare the emotion regulation, early maladaptive schemas and excitement expressiveness in people with and without panic disorder. The method of this research was causal-comparative. Among a population of all patients with panic disorder who attended psychology and psychiatry clinics in the first semester of 2017 and were diagnosed with panic, 30 persons were selected through non random sampling. Besides, other 30 persons were selected as a comparing group from the main population. The data were collected using questionnaire for signs and symptoms of Leibovitz panic disorders, Gross and John's emotional regulation, early Yang's maladaptive schemas, and emotional expressiveness (EEQ). And the data were analyzed by means of multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between emotional regulation and its two components in both healthy and healthy groups. in other words,the patient group has a lower emotional regulation, re-evaluation and suppression than the healthy group. There was a significant difference between the early maladaptive schemas and its five domains in both the patient and the control group. As the patient group is higher in the early maladaptive scales, the areas of disconnection and rejection, autonomy and disrupted function, impaired limits, increased distress and disturbance to the healthy group. There was a significant difference between emotional expressiveness and its components between healthy and patient groups. In this way, the healthy group gained a higher score than the patient group in excitement expressing, expressing positive emotions and expressing intimacy. And have a lower score in terms of expressing negative emotions toward the patient group. It can be concluded that people with panic disorder tend to have lower excitement than normal people, score more in early maladaptive schemas, and expressive excitement is low.
The Tears of the Soul

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter considers the clash between René Descartes and Marin Cureau de la Chambre regarding the origin and specificity of human lacrimal secretions to show that this was an emblematic moment in the progressive shift from the physical-passive paradigm of passion to the moral-active one of emotion. First, it shows that Descartes’s explanation of crying—presented especially in Passions de l’âme—sets out to systematically dismantle the link between natural and moral philosophy that characterized earlier traités des passions texts by positioning the analysis of emotions in a mechanistic framework whose physical and mechanical kinematic classifications were capable of explaining all of reality. Second, it suggests that Cureau de la Chambre’s Charactères des Passions—above all the final volume eloquently titled Les charactères des larmes—can be considered the founding contribution to the ‘moral’ conception of crying that ended up enjoying such success in the following century. Finally, the chapter shows how the difficulty of articulating the physiological and moral aspects of crying can be seen in a text all but unknown to present-day readers, namely Christian Warlitz’s Scrutinium lacrymarum (1705).
The Exotic Zoo of Millisecond Pulsars in Globular Clusters: a multi-wavelength study

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This work is focused on the study of millisecond pulsars in globular cluster by using multi-wavelength observations. \nRadio observations have been used to search for and timing the pulsars. An alternative method to search for very faint pulsars is first presented and then successfully applied to observations of stellar system Terzan 5, leading to the discovery of three new pulsars. \nThe update of the timing solutions of 9 pulsars in M28 is then presented. The timing solutions now cover a data span of 10 years and provide spin, astrometric and orbital properties for all the systems. For the case of the eccentric binaries M28C and M28D, post-Keplerian corrections to the orbit have been measured in order to derive the masses of the binary components. The measurement of the pulsar proper motions allowed to constrain the cluster motion as a whole and its orbit around the Galaxy. Finally, the pulsar spin and orbital period derivatives have been used to measure their accelerations induced by the cluster potential field. \nOptical observations have been used to search for millisecond pulsar optical counterparts. Six new companion stars have been discovered. In particular, four companions turned out to be He white dwarfs. One companion turned out to be a faint and non-degenerate object, strongly affected by heating of the stellar side exposed to the pulsar flux. Finally, one companion is a main-sequence star which shows Hα emission likely due to a low-level mass transfer. Furthermore, we identified the companion star to a transient low-mass X-ray binary. This companion turned out to be a sub-giant branch star and therefore this system is likely in a very early phase of the mass accretion stage. \nConclusion are drawn in the final chapter, where the evolution of millisecond pulsars is discussed and possible future developments are suggested.
The Priviliged and the Poor. Being Rich amid the "lazy ignorant"

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The segregation of the privileged from the poor is found, produced and reproduced at several levels simultaneously. To notice who did what where, and with whom, was essential as I tried to learn the ways of my informants. What distinguished my informants from others, and how they knew without speaking to someone who they were" in society, seemed deeply integrated in my informants every day practices. Most of the interaction I had with my informants was in private or semi-private contexts, like family lunches, religious home-meetings, exercise walks and car drives; situations where they were surrounded by employees whose individuality were not distinguished. One significant focus in this thesis is therefore how both employees and the poor in general" were not seen as persons with agency unless their agency was perceived as dubious; when they were thought to steal, lie or consume conspicuously. This entails that when my informants noticed their socially, economically and educationally inferior, their noticing was often pre-tainted negatively, and facilitated a non-nuanced way of seeing the other; something I argue aids my informants in keeping a mental and physical distance to the poor, enabling them to live as they do.
Concepts in Quantum Shannon Theory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In these first few chapters, our aim is to establish a firm grounding so that we can address some fundamental questions regarding information transmission over quantum channels. This area of study has become known as “quantum Shannon theory” in the broader quantum information community, in order to distinguish this topic from other areas of study in quantum information science. In this text, we will use the terms “quantum Shannon theory” and “quantum information theory” somewhat interchangeably. We will begin by briefly overviewing several fundamental aspects of the quantum theory. Our study of the quantum theory, in this chapter and future ones, will be at an abstract level, without giving preference to any particular physical system such as a spin-1/2 particle or a photon. This approach will be more beneficial for the purposes of our study, but, here and there, we will make some reference to actual physical systems to ground us in reality.
Variation of Clinical Estimation of Foetal Weight: Experience of 247 Cases in Dhaka City

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Foetal weight detection can vary by examining clinically. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the variation of clinical foetal weight among the newborn infant. Methodology: This prospective cohort study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at Rajshahi Medical Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from July 2012 to June 2014 for a period of 2(two) years. Pregnant women with known gestational age at term (38 to 40 weeks of pregnancy), singleton pregnancy with longitudinal lie were included in this study. The clinical estimation of foetal weight was done. Actual birth weights of babies were measured soon after their birth. This weight was measured within the first hour of life. They were weighed naked. Result: A total number of 245 pregnant women in term pregnancy were recruited as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Majority of the women [91(37.1%)] belonged to the age group 25 to 29 years, 83 (33.9%) in the age group 19 to 24 years. Low Birth Weight was found 14(5.7%) cases in clinical examination and 15(6.0%) cases in actual cases. Normal birth weight was found 215(87.8%) cases and 221(90.3%) cases in clinical examination and actual weight respectively. The mean with SD of foetal weight among the study population were 3283.27±461.05 gm and 2936.20±456.71 gram in clinical examination and actual weight respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion there is a significant variation of clinical estimation of foetal weight Journal of Science Foundation 2018;16(2):60-64
Explaining fat sensitivity in cottage cheeses by aroma release and oral physiology parameters

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Great inter-individual differences exist in fat perception. Forty subjects were grouped according their global fat perception in cottage cheeses. The more sensitive subjects were also more sensitive to fatty odorants, they had a higher respiratory flow and thus a higher rate of release of aroma compounds in the nasal cavity, which could explain the role of the olfactory modality in fat perception. Fat sensitive subjects had a lower saliva flow, less viscous saliva, and less amount of product remaining in the mouth after swallowing, which could explain, why they were more sensitive to taste and textural modalities of fat perception.