jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Primary tumor resection in patients with stage IV breast cancer: 10‐year experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The role of surgery in the management of stage IV breast cancer is controversial. Existing studies in Stage IV breast cancer have not closely evaluated the role of patient response to induction systemic therapy (IST) in its relationship to survival outcomes. We identified all patients with a diagnosis of de novo stage IV breast cancer who underwent surgery of their primary tumor from January 2008 to December 2018. Patients were grouped according to their response in the primary disease site into progression (progressive primary disease) or no progression (nonprogressive primary; comprising complete, partial and stable response). We identified a total of 45 stage IV breast cancer patients who underwent operative intervention of their primary breast tumor. Prior to surgical intervention, progression in the primary site during IST was identified in 13/42 patients (31%), of whom four patients also had progression in the distant disease. The 5-year survival was higher in the nonprogressive primary (74%) than the progressive primary disease group (52%) which did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.08). Age, pathologic tumor size, clinical nodal status, number of positive lymph nodes, and distant disease response to systemic therapy were significantly associated with survival. In this single institution experience, select patients with stage IV breast cancer at initial diagnosis who underwent resection of the primary tumor following systemic therapy achieved favorable overall and distant progression-free survival. Surgery is reasonable to consider for local palliation or in selected patients who have excellent response to systemic therapy and good performance status.
The role of municipal development plans in the promotion of ‘Nature-First Urban Green Spaces’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An opportunity exists to better integrate nature into our cities and towns. As humans we are hardwired to need nature and for most of us, this nature comes in the form of urban nature, or green spaces. Green spaces provide the opportunity for city dwellers to interact with and have a relationship with nature. Yet, reliance on the typical urban green space can no longer provide sufficient amounts of nature to foster the benefits which nature provides. The premise of this research is that changes in how green spaces are planned in suburban greenfield developments must occur to better protect and enhance the presence of nature in the built environment. In doing so, increased opportunities for urban dwellers to foster a relationship with nature are provided. In exploring the proposition labeled here as ‘nature-first urban green spaces’, the research methodology followed a qualitative case study of green space planning practices in Winnipeg, which included an analysis of municipal development plans and green space policies as well as informant interviews. Seven recommendations aim to enhance the presence of nature in Winnipeg and to increase opportunities for urban dwellers to foster a relationship with nature. The recommendations provide guidance to overcome existing green space planning challenges such as competing demand for land use and financial constraints, aim to strengthen the authority and effectiveness of green space policies, identify opportunities to further advance green space planning in Winnipeg, and encourage green space dialogue to promote nature-first urban green spaces. If applied, the seven recommendations can contribute to the planning and design of urban green spaces in Winnipeg to better reflect nature-first urban green spaces.
Relationship Between Body Positioning, Muscle Activity, and Spinal Kinematics in Cyclists With and Without Low Back Pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Context: Low back pain is reported by more than half of cyclists. The pathomechanics and association of risk factors of lumbar spine overuse injuries in cycling are not clearly understood. Objective: To determine whether relationships exist between body positioning, spinal kinematics, and muscle activity in active cyclists with nontraumatic low back pain. Data Sources: In August of 2015 and April of 2016, a comprehensive search of the PubMed, CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, and Scopus databases was performed independently by 5 reviewers. Study Selection: Included articles consisted of biomechanical studies examining factors relating to low back pain in cyclists as agreed upon by group consensus. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Five reviewers appraised by consensus each article using the Downs and Black checklist. Results: Eight studies met criteria for this review. There is evidence that cyclists with lower handlebar heights displayed increased lumbosacral flexion angles during cycling. Core muscle activation imbalances, back extensor endurance deficits, and increased lumbar flexion while cycling were found to be present in cyclists with low back pain. Conclusion: Spinal and core muscle activation imbalances in a prolonged flexed posture associated with cycling may lead to maladaptive spinal kinematics and increased spinal stresses contributing to overuse low back pain.
Induction Therapy for Locally Advanced, Resectable Esophagogastric Cancer: A Phase I Trial of Vandetanib (ZD6474), Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, 5-Fluorouracil, and Radiotherapy Followed by Resection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES:: Preoperative chemotherapy and radiation for localized esophageal cancer produces cure rates near 30% when combined with surgical resection. Vandetanib, a small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, RET, and EGFR, demonstrated synergy with radiation and chemotherapy in preclinical models. We conducted a phase I study to assess the safety and tolerability of vandetanib when combined with preoperative chemoradiation in patients with localized esophageal carcinoma who were surgical candidates. METHODS:: Patients with stage II-III esophageal and gastroesophageal junction carcinoma without prior therapy were enrolled in a 3+3 phase I design. Patients received once-daily vandetanib (planned dosing levels of 100, 200, and 300 mg) with concomitant daily radiotherapy (1.8 Gy/d, 45 Gy total) and chemotherapy, consisting of infusional 5-FU (225 mg/m/d over 96 h, weekly), paclitaxel (50 mg/m, days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29) and carboplatin (AUC of 5, days 1, 29). RESULTS:: A total 9 patients were enrolled with 8 having either distal esophageal or gastroesophageal junction carcinomas. All patients completed the planned preoperative chemoradiation and underwent esophagectomy. Nausea (44%) and anorexia (44%) were the most common acute toxicities of any grade. One grade 4 nonhematologic toxicity was observed (gastrobronchial fistula). One additional patient suffered a late complication, a fatal aortoenteric hemorrhage, not definitively related to the investigational regimen. Five (56%) patients achieved a pathologic complete response. Three (33%) additional patients had only microscopic residual disease. Five (56%) patients remain alive and disease free with a median follow-up of 3.7 years and median overall survival of 3.2 years. The maximum tolerated dose was vandetanib 100 mg/d. CONCLUSIONS:: Vandetanib at 100 mg daily is tolerable in combination with preoperative chemotherapy (5-FU, paclitaxel, carboplatin) and radiation therapy with encouraging efficacy worthy of future study.
Role of government in rural and agri-finance : Transitioning to private sector involvement

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The long-term growth and development of agricultural markets depends on access to a range and volume of capital which, over time, naturally eclipses governments’ ability to provide that capital directly. As private capital markets and financial service providers become involved in the agricultural finance market, the challenge for governments becomes how to appropriately create, incentivize and regulate space for the private sector. As countries move to higher levels of agricultural productivity, more mature agricultural markets, more sophisticated banking systems, and larger farm sizes, the commercial business case for financial service provision emerges. However, this process can take decades and often remains incomplete with some market segments requiring on-going subsidy to attract financial services. Questions remain: How to accelerate the participation of private sector financial service providers while markets are still developing? How to do so in ways that are aligned with national development goals, including transitioning subsistence farmers to viable livelihoods and ensuring domestic food security?This Briefing Note builds on previous analysis of the natural stages of agricultural finance and interrogates more deeply the transition that coun-tries make from government-led to more bank-led agricultural finance. By adding the historical experiences of Mexico, Turkey, and Uganda (as well as other specific initiatives in other coun-tries around the world) to past research by ISF Advisors into the United States, Germany, and South Korea, we gain a greater understanding into the unique approaches that different coun-tries have taken to make this transition. While these approaches are heavily influenced by each country’s macro-level approach to managing the economy, analysis shows the importance of meso-level enablers and more direct micro-level interventions. As we unpack government actions into these different levels and acknowledge the dynamic interplay between the agricultural and finance sides of the market we create a more systemic view of these historical experiences.
SH1936690.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
SeShare: Secure cloud data sharing based on blockchain and public auditing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary In a data sharing group, each user can upload, modify, and access group files and a user is required to generate a new signature for the modified file after modification. There is a situation that two or more users modify the same file at almost the same time, which should be avoided as it gives rise to a signature conflict. However, the existing schemes do not take it into consideration. In this paper, we proposed a new mechanism SeShare for data storing based on blockchain to realize signature uniqueness, which solves the problem of generating signatures for the same file meanwhile by different group users. Specifically, we record every signature of a file in a blockchain in chronological order, and only one user is allowed to add new signature at the end of the blockchain when modification conflicts occur. On the other hand, to provide a secure data sharing service, SeShare introduces an efficient public auditing scheme for file integrity verification when a group user leaves the group. We also prove the security of the proposed scheme and evaluate the performance at the end of this paper. Our experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of public auditing for user leaving.
Innovation, Involvement, and Contemporary Service Organizations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose of This Paper Innovation and involvement have come to be ascribed an almost mystical potency for the task of bringing more relevant services and more human relationships to clients of service organizations. Many descriptive and hortatory articles have appeared in the social welfare and health literature concerning the virtues of contemporary organizations exhibiting these characteristics, but little in the way of hard thinking about their real implications to service organizations has been done. The majority of the articles are reprises of proposals, or accounts of the first year or two of a program, with an emphasis upon positive prospects or accomplishments and little critical analysis beyond that. Much of the literature in organization theory suggests that the problems of survival and imperatives placed upon the organization from the outside and inside will force innovative organizations to become more like currently existing organizations which perform the same or similar functions. For example, Rosengren (1970) has conjectured that, despite "scanty" empirical evidence, organizations may possibly follow quite inexorable careers with discernible stages from beginning to end. If such a phenomenon as an "organizational career" (Rosengren, 1967, 1968, 1970; Lefton and Rosengren, 1966; Rosengren and Lefton, 1969) does exist, then it may be necessary to reconsider the placement of so much value on the emphases of innovation and involvement of clients in organizations. Following will be a brief sketch of the theoretical position taken in this paper, and of various propositions proffered by organization theorists with a view toward considering: The possible gap between rhetoric and reality about contemporary service organizations. Some thoughts about service organizations and a line of research implied by this short review. The thesis of this paper is that contemporary organizations may not be "new" organizations in terms of being novel approaches to the problem of organizing service structures, but rather "new" organizations in terms of age alone.
Commentary: functional dyspepsia ‐ is acupuncture the solution? authors' reply

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We read the commentary from Oh and Fass and appreciate their opinions on our study.1, 2 In our study, the sham acupuncture (superficial needling on non-acupoints) also provided an active therapeutic effect, but was significantly inferior to the acupuncture groups A, B, C in terms of improvement in symptoms and quality of life. Whether sham acupuncture is as effective as real acupuncture is still under debate, but more and more clinical trials3-5 and brain image studies6-8 in recent years have given the affirmative answer. In this study, no difference was detected in relieving the epigastric pain syndrome subcategory symptoms between sham acupuncture and the other acupuncture groups. Another acupuncture study for migraine by our group also showed similar results9: the differences between the acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups did not become significant until 4 weeks after treatment. Considering the results from other acupuncture studies for pain,10 we think acupuncture works in different way in relieving pain and other symptoms. As the author stated, functional dyspepsia may be self-healing. We have mentioned this as one limitation in our study. But the study design is acceptable, because all the patients had the potential for exacerbation or remission of symptoms, and were randomly recruited and assigned to each group, and such design can be seen in previous trials for functional gastrointestinal disorder treated by drugs.11, 12 So, although the intervention of our trial is not the optimal treatment programme for functional dyspepsia, acupuncture is helpful in functional dyspepsia treatment, and probably more effective with a personalised acupoint-selection protocol. Declaration of personal and funding interests: None.
Adaptation of geotechnologies to mineral mining conditions in permafrost: Challenges

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The author addresses problems of efficient mineral mining in the zone of permafrost. It is illustrated that geotechnologies for the development of solid minerals in permafrost rocks should make use both of positive and negative factors of internal and external environment. The article reports about the research findings of the Chersky Institute of Mining of the North towards improvement and development of efficient and eco-friendly innovative technologies, methods and equipment for mineral mining and processing to be highly adaptable to the conditions of the permafrost zone.
Extracts on divine worship, ministry, prayer and singing, containing briefly the views of the Society of Friends, called Quakers on those subjects...

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With: Extracts from the writings of some of the Society of Friends...showing that the necessary baptism is that of Christ...Manchester. Harrison and Crosfield. 1835.--Extracts from the writings of the Society of Friends...showing that the external supper...has ceased in point of obligation. Manchester. Harrison and Crosfield. 1832.--On justification. Extracted from Robert Barclay's Apology. Manchester. Harrison and Crosfield. [183?].--Concerning perfection. From Robert Barclay's Apology...proposition VIII. Manchester. Harrison and Crosfield. [183?].--Extracted from Joseph Besse's Defence of Quakerism. [Manchester. Harrison and Crosfield. 183?].--Extracts from the writings of...Friends on the divinity of Christ. Elisha Bates. Manchester. Harrison and Crosfield. 1835.--Sentiments of a few eminent persons concerning Friends. [Manchester. Harrison and Crosfield. 183?]
Integrating Climate Data and Remote Sensing for Maize and Wheat Yield Modelling in Ethiopia’s Key Agricultural Region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Traditional methods for crop data collection are labor-intensive, inefficient and, more costly compared to remote sensing (RS) techniques. This study aims to identify key climatic variables influencing maize and wheat yields and develop predictive models while also evaluating the performance of the CropWatch cloud yield prediction model (CW_YPM) in major agricultural regions of Ethiopia. Climate data from 54 meteorological stations spanning 2000–2021 were analyzed. RS data, including NDVI from MODIS at 250 m resolution, agroecological zones, and observed crop yield data, were utilized for model prediction and validation. Correlation analysis and a stepwise modeling approach with multiple regression models were applied. The results revealed regional variations in the effects of climatic parameters on yields, with vapor pressure deficits showing negative correlations and rainfall exhibiting positive correlations. Non-linear models generally outperformed linear models in yield prediction—using both climate-only (CO) and combined climate-NDVI data. The best CO model for maize in the Horo Guduru area achieved an RMSE of 0.392 tons/ha, an R2 of 0.94, and an index of agreement (d) of 0.984. Incorporating NDVI improved accuracy, with the best maize model in the Illu Ababor area achieving an RMSE of 0.477 tons/ha, an R2 of 0.91, and d of 0.976. CW_YPM also performed effectively across the study area. This research highlights the value of integrating critical climatic variables with the NDVI to enhance crop yield forecasting in Ethiopia, thereby-supporting agricultural planning and food security initiatives.
Investigation and Retardation of the Dewetting on Top of Highly Viscous Amorphous Substrates

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The dewetting behavior of thin polystyrene (PS) films on top of an amorphous polyamide (PA) layer is investigated at two different annealing temperatures (119 and 195 °C). While PS is liquid at both temperatures, the PA layer remains solid at 119 °C and becomes highly viscous at 195 °C. At a constant thickness of the PA layer, the thickness and the molecular weight of the PS top layer were varied. With optical microscopy and optical phase interference microscopy ex situ the hole growth was measured during the dewetting of the PS layer. A statistical analysis of the data shows evidence for a change in the dewetting mechanism from a spinodal process into a nucleation and growth process as a function of film thickness. For very thin films the effect of a geometrical constraint is discussed. The retardation of the observed dewetting process was achieved by adding a styrene maleic anhydride random copolymer (SMA). The influence of the amount of SMA added and its molecular weight are shown for each given temperature. SMA with a low weight percentage content of maleic anhydride shows an increased retardation as compared to a higher weight percentage irrespective of the amount of SMA added.
Hypoxia's presence <i>in vivo</i> and its effect on cediranib/quinacrine efficacy <i>in vitro</i>.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>A) Representative tumor sections showing immunohistochemical detection of hypoxic regions in 4C8 glioma, shown under low (left panel) and high (right panel) magnification. Sections were obtained from 3 mice, 2 weeks post initiation of tumor growth. Hypoxic cells were identified using Alexa488 labeled anti-EF5 antibody (green). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Regions marked with * denote positive staining for hypoxia in the low magnification image. B) Results from MTS cell viability assays showing mean 4C8 cell viability in response to treatment with cediranib and/or quinacrine, normalized to untreated samples. Assays were performed after cells were exposed to treatment for 72 hours, under normoxic or hypoxic (0.5% O<sub>2</sub>) conditions. Results are mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, performed in triplicate. Significant differences between tumor cell viability results under hypoxic and normoxic are denoted by # (p<0.05) for single agent quinacrine treatment and * (p<0.05) for cediranib/quinacrine combination treatment. C) Representative cleaved caspase-3 western blots obtained from 4C8 cells grown under normoxic or hypoxic conditions for 72 hrs while untreated or exposed to cediranib (2 µM), quinacrine (2 µM), or combined cediranib/quinacrine.</p>
Admission or Observation is not Necessary after a Negative Abdominal CT in Patients with Suspected Blunt Abdominal Trauma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

s Of Papers To Be Presented At The Joint Meeting Of The American Association For The Surgery Of Trauma (Fifty-Seventh Annual Meeting) And The Japanese Association For Acute Medicine; The Hilton Waikoloa Village, Waikoloa, Hawaii September 24-27, 1997