jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Open Access The tumor suppressive role of miRNA-370 by targeting FoxM1 in acute myeloid leukemia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Recent evidence has accumulated that MicroRNA (miRNA) dysregulation occurs in the majority of human malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and may contribute to onco-/leukemo-genesis. Methods: The expression levels of miR-370 and FoxM1 were assessed in 48 newly diagnosed AML patients, 40 AML patients in 1 st complete remission (CR) and 21 healthy controls. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blots, colony formation assay, and β-Galactosidase ( SA-β-Gal) staining were used to characterize the changes induced by overexpression or inhibition of miR-370 or FoxM1. Results: We found that the down-regulation of miR-370 expression was a frequent event in both leukemia cell lines and primary leukemic cells from patients with de novo AML. Lower levels of miR-370 expression were found in 37 of 48 leukemic samples from AML patients compared to those in bone marrow cells derived from healthy adult individuals. Ectopic expression of miR-370 in HL60 and K562 cells led to cell growth arrest and senescence. In contrast, depletion of miR-370 expression using RNA interference enhanced the proliferation of those leukemic cells. Mechanistically, miR-370 targets the transcription factor FoxM1, a well established oncogenic factor promoting cell cycle progression. Moreover, when HL60 and K562 cells were treated with 5-aza-2 0-deoxycytidine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, miR-370 expression was up-regulated, which indicates epigenetic silencing of miR-370 in leukemic cells. Conclusions: Taken together, miR-370 may function as a tumor suppressor by targeting FoxM1, and the epigenetic silence of miR-370 thus leads to derepression of FoxM1 expression and consequently contributes to AML development and progression.
The Effect of Strain in Curing Process on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber/Organoclay Nanocomposites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, two methods were used for the preparation of natural rubber/organoclay nanocomposites including ordinary method and curin under strain. The single networked natural rubber nanocomposites were used as comparison. The effects of organoclay with different extension ratio on mechanical properties, hardness, swelling behaviour and morphology of ordinary and extended natural rubber nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that extended natural rubber nanocomposites exhibit higher physical and mechanical properties. The tensile strength of extended natural rubber nanocomposites increased up to more 4 times than pure natural rubber and then decreased with increasing extension ratio. Modulus and hardness continuously increased with increased extension ratio. The microstructure of the natural rubber/organoclay systems was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Following, the effect of different extension ratios on dispersion of nanoclay layers in nanocomposites were investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Indoloquinolizine Derivatives.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Post‐breeding migration and connectivity of red knots in the Western Atlantic

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Red knots ( Calidris canutus rufa ) have 3 distinct nonbreeding regions: 1 in the southeastern United States and Caribbean, another on the northeast coast of Brazil in the Maranhão region, and a third along the Patagonian coasts of Chile and Argentina. Effective conservation and recovery of this threatened long‐distance migrant will require knowledge of population structure, migration ecology, and abundance and distribution throughout the annual cycle. We conducted a stopover population and biogeographic assessment of knots at the Altamaha River Delta, Georgia, an important stopover area in the southeastern United States. We estimated stopover population size and stopover duration during post‐breeding migration in 2011 at the Altamaha study area using mark‐resight data, and we inferred nonbreeding regions for this stopover population using stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in feathers, and observations (sightings and captures) during boreal winter from across the hemisphere. With an integrated Bayesian analysis of all these data, we also estimated the number of birds in the southeastern United States and northern Brazil during boreal winter. For mark‐resight analyses in Georgia, we made observations of marked individuals during 14 weeks from early August to early November 2011 and detected 814 individually marked birds. We used the Jolly‐Seber mark‐recapture model and estimated the southbound passage population at approximately 23,400 red knots. In ongoing studies elsewhere, isotope samples were collected from 175 (21%) of the 814 birds detected in our study, and ≥1 sighting or capture record during boreal winter was located in data repositories for 659 birds (81%). Isotopic signatures and boreal winter records indicate that the majority (82–96%) of the birds that stopped at the Altamaha Delta spend the boreal winter in the northern part of the nonbreeding range (southeast USA, Caribbean, and northern Brazil). Knots migrating to the southeastern United States, Caribbean, or Brazil remained on the Altamaha Delta for 42 days, whereas birds migrating to Tierra del Fuego remained only 21 days. Combining our estimate of the Altamaha stopover population size (23,400 birds) and the estimated proportion in the northern nonbreeding region (82–96%), we derived a minimum estimate of the number of knots in the southeastern United States, Caribbean, and northern South America during the boreal winter: approximately 20,800 knots, of which approximately 10,400 knots occupy the southeastern United States and 5,400 occupy Brazil. Our results provide additional evidence that coastal Georgia is an important migration area for red knots, and provide information about population structure and migratory connectivity that will be valuable for conservation planning. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
AN ANALYSIS OF 114 PATIENTS WITH DERMAL MELANOCYTOSIS ON THE TRUNK AND EXTREMITIES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dermal melanocytosis is commonly treated with Q-switched neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser today. We report on the clinical effect of laser treatment of dermal melanocytosis of the trunk and extremities in 114 patients. The effect of numbers of such treatment was assessed by clinical examination and classified into six grades. All the patients who had more than eight treatments achieved more than 75% clearance. Deep-blue with brown speckled lesions tended to clear more easily than uniform deep-blue lesions. We expect that all dermal melanocytosis of the trunk and extremities can be cleared after a maximum of 12 treatments.
Between the white cube and the grey cubicle

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Job vacancies, popular management books, and contemporary DIY literature show that in today’s labour market people have to be creative and live a creative life. Yet, creativity appears easier labelled than explained. The importance of stimulating creativity in the workplace in management studies has been recognised as self-evident. Contrastingly, voices from the art world have predominantly criticised the appearance of creativity outside of their field. It therefore appears we are dealing with competing values between different groups of actors.
Within creativity studies, this research aimed to fill a knowledge gap in between these two opposites by taking enough critical stance to challenge the idea of a by definition virtuous creativity, but simultaneously also not attempt to assess the value of creativity at the workplace. Creativity was limited to a utilitarian definition, considering that using creativity at work relates to obtaining the largest degree of happiness (i.e., large turnover). Accountants and artists were chosen as the two professions at opposite ends dealing with creativity at work. Challenging the normative conceptions society upholds on these two lines of work, the first were referred to as covertly and the second as overtly creatives in this research. Using Boltanski and Thevenot’s orders of worth, this study aimed to understand how these actors legitimise their use of creativity at work. Interviews were conducted with five actors from each profession to have them share their thoughts, opinions, and concerns on the topic, whilst participant observations were used to cover the non-verbal creative moments. Upon examination, it appears that the two seemingly opposite worlds actually think congruently to each other. Participants identified creativity as something to solve everyday problems and make things easier, but additionally recognised an unexpected form of creativity at work in the sense that it is also used to obstruct productivity. Through this, this study highlights how researching creativity demands reflexivity and an openness to differing outcomes. However, accountants and artists did disagree with each other in showing how they value creativity through different orders of worth. Whereas accountants approved of a growing presence of creativity in the labour market through the order of fame, the artists used the logic of the order of inspiration and found alternative interpretations of creativity by others wanting. A reason for this could be that the covert creatives yet struggle with obtaining the recognition they arguably deserve, whereas the overt creatives defend their territory. Additionally, a creativite pour creativite was considered undesirable by both groups as it obstructs the production process. Thus concluding, they appeared to agree on the values of one dominant order: the industrial order. And yet, creativity did not allow itself to be restricted. Each time participants came down to a certain vision, they disrupted it again. And there you have it: creativity in action.
Evaluation of different methods of transoral minimally invasive surgery for supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and objectives To analyze oncological and functional results of transoral minimally invasive surgery (TMIS) for supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma (SGLC), and investigate independent prognostic factors. Methods Seventy SGLC patients treated with TMIS were included. The overall survival (OS), recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and postoperative functions were analyzed. Results Sixty‐two patients were early‐stage (Tis, T1, and T2) and eight patients were T3. Eleven patients received preoperative induction chemotherapy (IC). Sixty patients received transoral laser microsurgery (TLM), and 10 patients received transoral robotic surgery (TORS). Fifty‐eight patients were scored Grade‐1 by water swallow test , and 49 patients were scored Grade 0 by grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain. The 1, 3, and 5 year OS of all were 95.450%, 84.877%, and 78.026%, and RFS were 89.167%, 78.052%, and 75.451% respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed N stage and clinical stage were associated with OS, smoking, clinical stage, surgical margins, and Ki‐67 index were associated with RFS. There were no significant differences in preoperative IC or direct surgery, TLM, or TORS. Cox analyses showed smoking and surgical margins were independent prognosis factors for RFS. Conclusions The positive margin, Ki‐67 index ≥40% and P53(+)&Ki‐67 index ≥40% are worse factors affecting recurrence for SGLC patients. Both smoking and surgical margins are independent prognostic factors affecting recurrence.
Ethical and Legal Aspects of Using the Abortion Pill RU-486 in Italy in the Years 2020-2021

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In some countries, one of the most difficult bioethical challenges of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has been a sharp rise in the number of chemical abortions performed in hospitals, outpatient clinics, or at home. Limited access to medical services at public and private healthcare facilities and the development of telemedicine have resulted in the practice of chemical abortion having largely moved from hospitals and clinics to the home. Chemical abortion is a method used only in the early stages of pregnancy, i.e. up to 7-9 weeks. The first stage of abortion involves taking RU-486, a pill containing a preparation called Mifepristone which kills the newly conceived life in the mother’s womb. The second stage of chemical abortion involves the use of a preparation called Misoprostol, which leads to the expulsion of the dead embryo from the woman’s body. The main goal of the article is to analyze the ethical and legal dispute in Italy in the years 2020 and 2021 concerning new ways of using the abortion pill RU-486. In August 2020, the Italian Ministry of Health decided that chemical abortion – performed using the medical preparation RU-486 – should not be practiced at hospital gynecological and obstetric wards, but in day hospitals, without the requirement of hospitalization for women performing such abortions. Analyses carried out in the article show that chemical abortion not only kills the life of a human embryo, but in some cases may also be dangerous to the life and health of the mother. The liberalization of chemical abortion in Italy has led to an increase in the number of unborn children who are aborted, as it facilitates access to this type of abortion and makes it a procedure that is largely self-administered at home. The Italian dispute over home abortion and the RU-486 pill is linked to other serious bioethical debates that are currently taking place in many countries around the world
Subsurface Microbiology and the Evolution of the Biosphere

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This chapter explores potential intersections between studies of subsurface microbiology and various studies of planetary-scale ecology. It outlines some important functional links between subsurface microorganisms and larger ecological processes. The chapter discusses how results in subsurface microbiology may contribute to resolving several intriguing questions about the evolution of the earth's biosphere. Subsurface microbiology provides an important model for exobiology. Findings in subsurface microbiology can contribute to the search for extraterrestrial life. One can paint an extremely speculative picture of the role of subsurface microbiology in the biosphere. The origin of life and the evolution of the biosphere is a fascinating multidisciplinary field of study to which subsurface science can make several contributions. Slow recolonization of the interfaces from the subsurface restarts surface biosphere processes. The biosphere extends from the lower atmosphere down into the earth's crust to the point at which local temperatures become too high for microbiological life.
LHD Langmuir #125864.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Langmuir probes on divertor plates to investigate divertor plasma parameters and fluctuation characteristics of ion flux near the divertor plates. Total 400 Langmuir probes embedded on 20 divertor plates on each of which 20 electrodes are aligned every 6 mm. Sweeping and sampling frequency is normally 250 kHz.
Network weight adjustment in a fractional fourier transform based multi-channel brain computer interface for person authentication

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Brain is composed of unique complex neural structure thus electrical activity between neurons referred to as electroencephalogram (EEG) in different brain regions varies from one user to another. In this paper EEG distinctiveness is exploited through application to person authentication system based on five mental imagery tasks. Seven electrodes placed at C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2 and EOG are used to record EEG signals. A parallel structure of Exact Radial Basis (RBE) neural networks are used as classifiers. Individual classifier response for each mental task is evaluated and a weighting approach is used to regulate contribution of each channel within a multi-channel Brain Computer Interface (BCI) system. The estimated and experimental results indicate an average increase of 14% in system performance when tested on 722 trials of 1sec duration for 7 subjects. Fractional Fourier Transform (FRFT) with order optimization is used for feature extraction, and special one dimensional case of k-means clustering algorithm is used to calculate the threshold for individual classifiers.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW A Systematic Review of Physicians ’ and Pharmacists ’ Perspectives on Generic Drug Use: What are the Global Challenges?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Background and Objectives Generic substitution has been introduced in most countries in order to reduce costs and improve access to drugs. However, regulations and the generic drugs available vary between countries. It is the prescriber or dispenser of the drug who is the final decision maker. Nevertheless, physicians ’ and pharmacists ’ per-ceptions of generic drug use are not well documented to date. This study presents a systematic review of physicians’ and pharmacists ’ perspectives on generic drug use worldwide. Methods A systematic literature search was performed to retrieve all articles published between 2002 and 2012 regarding physicians ’ and/or pharmacists ’ experiences with
Pricing catastrophic bonds for earthquakes in Mexico

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

After the occurrence of a natural disaster, the reconstruction can be financed with catastrophic bonds (CAT bonds) or reinsurance. For insurers, reinsurers and other corporations CAT bonds provide multi year protection without the credit risk present in reinsurance. For investors CAT bonds offer attractive returns and reduction of portfolio risk, since CAT bonds defaults are uncorrelated with defaults of other securities. As the study of natural catastrophe models plays an important role in the prevention and mitigation of disasters, the main motivation of this thesis is the pricing of CAT bonds for earthquakes in Mexico. This thesis examines the calibration of a real parametric CAT bond for earthquakes that was sponsored by the Mexican government. This thesis also derives the price of a hypothetical modeled loss CAT bond for earthquakes, which is based on the compound doubly stochastic Poisson pricing methodology from Baryshnikov et al. (1998) and Burnecki and Kukla (2003).
Amplifier les incitations environnementales dans la politique agricole commune : une méthode d'évaluation ex ante appliquée avec le réseau d'information comptable agricole

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Agri-environment-climate measures and organic farming support have been the main contractual instruments promoting environment-friendly agricultural practices in the European Union since the early 90s. They are insufficient in reaching significant environmental improvements, in particular because under-funded in comparison with income support instruments. Using French panel data from the farm accountancy data network, we evaluate the impact of a budget transfer from income support to environmental incentives on contract uptake. We estimate the probability of adoption and the acceptable payment triggering this adoption with a generalised Tobit model, and use the estimations to simulate a transfer from direct payments to organic farming support and agri-environment-climate measures budget. Results suggest this mechanism increases adoption. We evaluate several budget allocation scenarios, provide ex-ante elements on farmers’ response to more targeted support towards the delivery of environmental public goods, and how it could help reaching the target of 25% of organic area by 2030.
Combined STEREO/RHESSI study of CME acceleration and particle acceleration in solar flares

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using the potential of two unprecedented missions, STEREO and RHESSI, we study three well observed fast CMEs that occurred close to the limb together with their associated high energy flare emissions in terms of RHESSI HXR spectra and flux evolution. From STEREO/EUVI and STEREO/COR1 data the full CME kinematics of the impulsive acceleration phase up to 4 Rs is measured with a high time cadence of less equal 2.5 min. For deriving CME velocity and acceleration we apply and test a new algorithm based on regularization methods. The CME maximum acceleration is achieved at heights h < 0.4 Rs, the peak velocity at h < 2.1 Rs (in one case as small as 0.5 Rs). We find that the CME acceleration profile and the flare energy release as evidenced in the RHESSI hard X-ray flux evolve in a synchronized manner. These results support the standard flare/CME model which is characterized by a feed-back relationship between the large-scale CME acceleration process and the energy release in the associated flare.
Advancement on Molecular Weight and Constitution of Polysaccharide of Traditional Chinese Drug

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The study on pharmacological action of polysaccharide of traditional Chinese drug is more active at present,but the definition of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution and chemical constitution has become the foundation of better study on specificity and structure-function relationship and drug action mechanism of polysaccharide.The methods of study on molecular weight and molecular weight distribution and chemical constitutuion of polysaccharide were reviewed in this paper.
Determination of Cyanide Ion by Derivatization-Gas Chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A new gas chromatographic method is described for the determination of cyanide ion in water. Cyanide is converted to benzonitrile by reaction with aniline, sodium nitrite, and copper(II) sulfate. The resulting benzonitrile is extracted into chloroform and determined by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The influences of several ions which may coexist with cyanide on this gas chromatographic method were investigated briefly.
Convergence analysis of an explicit method and its random batch approximation for the McKean–Vlasov equations with non-globally Lipschitz conditions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a numerical approach to solve the McKean–Vlasov equations, which are distribution-dependent stochastic differential equations, under some non-globally Lipschitz conditions for both the drift and diffusion coefficients. We establish a propagation of chaos result, based on which the McKean–Vlasov equation is approximated by an interacting particle system. A truncated Euler scheme is then proposed for the interacting particle system allowing for a Khasminskii- type condition on the coefficients. To reduce the computational cost, the random batch approximation proposed in [S. Jin, L. Li and J. Liu, J. Comput. Phys . 400 (2020) 108877.] is extended to the interacting particle system where the interaction could take place in the diffusion term. An almost half order of convergence is proved in L p sense. Numerical tests are performed to verify the theoretical results.