jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Otitis Media Incidence and Impact on the Auditory Brain Stem Response in Lipopolysaccharide‐Nonresponsive C3H/HeJ Mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although mice of the C3H strain normally respond to bacterial lipopolysaccharide with appropriate immune system activation, mice of the C3H/HeJ substrain do not because of a gene defect. This suggests they may be more susceptible to opportunistic bacterial infections and more likely to have otitis media than a normally responding substrain, such as the C3H/HeSnJ. Therefore these two substrains were evaluated for incidence of spontaneous middle ear disease at 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 15, and 18 months of age. Auditory brain stem response audiometry to pure tones of 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32 kHz was performed to establish the impact of middle ear disease on auditory function. None of the lipopolysaccharide‐responsive C3H/HeSnJ mice demonstrated middle ear disease. However, middle ear disease was present in 33% of the C3H/HeJ mice. The conductive loss caused by the otitis media resulted in auditory brain stem response threshold shifts of 15 to 40 dB SPL, lowered peak amplitudes, and increased latencies. Reduced lipopolysaccharide responsiveness by C3H/HeJ mice makes them less capable of reacting immunologically to bacterial infection and presumably underlies the failure to clear middle ear disease. The C3H/HeJ mouse may provide a valuable model in which to study lipopolysaccharide biologic activity and related middle ear inflammatory or immune mechanisms.
Impact of Tumor Size on Endoluminal Resection of Subepithelial Tumors of the Esophagus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Subepithelial tumors arise from gastrointestinal wall layers outside of the mucosa. These lesions in the esophagus are mostly benign, but some tumors arising from the muscularis propria have malignant potential. Management includes surveillance or resection, which was conventionally performed with surgery; contemporary resection techniques include endoscopic resection or thoracoscopic resection. Increasing data suggests high rates of complete and en-bloc resection with endoscopic approach with a low adverse event profile. Candidacy for endoscopic resection of esophageal subepithelial tumors should be determined based on size, morphology, location, etiology, and a shared decision-making approach with the patient in the context of available endoscopic expertise.
Modelling terrestrial ecosystem productivity using remote sensing data

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Production efficiency models (PEMs) have been developed to aid with the estimation of terrestrial ecosystems productivity where large spatial scales make direct measurement impractical. One of the key datasets used in these models is the fraction of photosynthetic active radiation absorbed by vegetation (FAPAR). FAPAR is the single variable that represents vegetation function and structure in these models and hence its accurate estimation is essential. This thesis focused on improving the estimation of FAPAR and developing a new PEM model that utilises the improved FAPAR data. Foremost, the accuracy of operational LAI/FAPAR products (i.e. MGVI, MODIS LAI/FAPAR, CYCLOPES LAI/FAPAR, GLOBCARBON LAI/FAPAR, and NN-MERIS LAI TOC algorithm) over a deciduous broadleaf forest was investigated. This analysis showed that the products varied in their prediction of in-situ FAPAR/LAI measurements mainly due to differences in their definition and derivation procedures. The performance of three PEMs (i.e. Carnegie-CASA, C-Fix and MOD17GPP) in simulating gross primary productivity (GPP) across various biomes was then analysed. It was shown that structural differences in these models influenced their accuracy. Next, the influence of two FAPAR products (MODIS and CYCLOPES) on ecosystem productivity modelling was analysed. Both products were found to result in overestimation of in-situ GPP measurements. This was attributed to the lack of correction for PAR absorbed by the non-photosynthetic components of the canopy by the two products. Only PAR absorbed by chlorophyll in the leaves (FAPAR chlorophyll) is used in photosynthesis and hence it was hypothesised that deriving and using this variable would improve GPP predictions. Therefore, various components of FAPAR (i.e. FAPAR canopy, FAPAR leaf and FAPAR chlorophyll) were estimated using data from a radiative transfer model (PROSAIL-2).The FAPAR components were then related to two sets of vegetation indices (i.e. broad-band: NDVI and EVI, and red-edge: MTCI and CIred-edge). The red-edge based indices were found to be more linearly related to FAPAR chlorophyll than the broad-band indices. These findings were also supported by data from two flux tower sites, where the FAPAR chlorophyll was estimated through inversion of net ecosystem exchange data and was found to be better related to a red-edge based index (i.e. MTCI).Based on these findings a new PEM (i.e. MTCIGPP) was developed to (i) use the MTCI as a surrogate of FAPAR chlorophyll and (ii) incorporate distinct quantum yield terms between the two key plant photosynthetic pathways (i.e. C3 and C4) rather than using species-specific light use efficiency. The GPP predictions from the MTCIGPP model had strong relationship with the in-situ GPP measurements. Furthermore, GPP from the MTCIGPP model were comparable to the MOD17GPP product and better in some biomes (e.g. croplands). The MTCIGPP model is simple and easy to implement, yet provides a reliable measure of terrestrial GPP and has the potential to estimate global terrestrial carbon flux.
Ligand-Dependent Scope and Divergent Mechanistic Behavior in Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Couplings of Aldehydes and Alkynes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new procedure for catalytic reductive coupling of aldehydes and alkynes has been developed. The procedure uses Ni(COD)2 with an imidazolium carbene ligand as the catalyst and triethylsilane as the reducing agent. A crossover deuterium-labeling experiment illustrated that variants involving trialkyl phosphines and imidazolium carbene ligands with a nickel catalyst proceed by different mechanisms.
The Molecular Biology of Meiosis in Plants

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Meiosis is the cell division that reshuffles genetic information between generations. Recently, much progress has been made in understanding this process; in particular, the identification and functional analysis of more than 80 plant genes involved in meiosis have dramatically deepened our knowledge of this peculiar cell division. In this review, we provide an overview of advancements in the understanding of all aspects of plant meiosis, including recombination, chromosome synapsis, cell cycle control, chromosome distribution, and the challenge of polyploidy.
Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone antagonizes the inhibitory effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone on luteinizing hormone secretion during the luteal phase in normal women.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

CRH inhibits the secretion of gonadotropins by activating endogenous opioids, whereas alpha MSH, which displays various behavioral and neuroendocrine effects contrary to those of the opioids, stimulates their release. To evaluate the possible interaction of CRH and alpha MSH, eight women in the luteal phase underwent the following tests: 1) ovine CRH infused at 100 micrograms/h for 3 h, 2) alpha MSH (2.5 mg as an iv bolus 60 min after the start of saline infusion), 3) CRH plus alpha MSH (injected 60 min after the start of CRH infusion), and 4) placebo. LH, FSH, PRL, ACTH, and cortisol were determined every 15 min for 180 min. CRH significantly (P < 0.001) reduced serum LH. alpha MSH alone significantly (P < 0.001) increased LH to a peak within 15-30 min (baseline, 3.3 +/- 0.7 mIU/mL; maximum increase, 3.5 +/- 0.9 mIU/mL) and induced an even greater rise when injected during the CRH infusion (baseline, 2.8 +/- 03 mIU/mL; maximum increase 7.5 +/- 1.6 mIU/mL; P < 0.05 vs. alpha MSH alone). FSH was always unaffected. ACTH and cortisol increased (P < 0.001) during the CRH infusion and fell significantly (P < 0.001) during the placebo infusion. alpha MSH had no effect on these changes. PRL fell during the placebo infusion (P < 0.001). No changes were induced by CRH or alpha MSH. In conclusion, alpha MSH antagonizes CRH inhibition of LH secretion. This finding lends support to the view that differential posttranslational processing of POMC contributes to the regulation of LH secretion. Further investigation is needed to clarify the mechanism of the antagonism between alpha MSH and CRH.
Broken-Cycle-Free Subgraphs and the Log-Concavity Conjecture for Chromatic Polynomials

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper concerns the coefficients of the chromatic polynomial of a graph. We first report on a computational verification of the strict log-concavity conjecture for chromatic polynomials for all graphs on at most 11 vertices, as well as for certain cubic graphs. In the second part of the paper we give a number of conjectures and theorems regarding the behavior of the coefficients of the chromatic polynomial, in part motivated by our computations. Here our focus is on epsilon(G), the average size of a broken-cycle-free subgraph of the graph G, whose behavior under edge deletion and contraction is studied.
Attitudes toward the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Results from the Saudi Residents’ Intention to Get Vaccinated against COVID-19 (SRIGVAC) Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Vaccine uptake could influence vaccination efforts to control the widespread COVID-19 pandemic; however, little is known about vaccine acceptance in Saudi Arabia. The present study aimed to assess the Saudi public’s intent to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and explore the associated demographic determinants of their intentions as well as the reasons for vaccine hesitancy. A cross-sectional, web-based survey was distributed to public individuals in Saudi Arabia between 25 December 2020 and 15 February 2021. Participants were asked if they were willing to get vaccinated, and the responses, along with demographic data were entered into a multinomial logistic regression model to assess the relative risk ratio (RRR) for responding “no” or “unsure” versus “yes”. Among 3048 participants (60.1% female, 89.5% Saudi), 52.9% intend to get vaccinated, 26.8% were unsure, and 20.3% refused vaccination. Vaccine hesitancy was significantly higher among females (RRR = 2.70, p < 0.0001) and those who had not been recently vaccinated for influenza (RRR = 2.63, p < 0.0001). The likelihood was lower among Saudis (RRR = 0.49, p < 0.0001), those with less than a secondary education (RRR = 0.16, p < 0.0001), perceived risks of COVID-19, and residents of the southern region (RRR = 0.46, p < 0.0001). The most often cited reasons for hesitancy were short clinical testing periods and concerns about adverse events or effectiveness. Vaccine hesitancy is mediated by many demographic factors and personal beliefs. To address vaccine-related concerns and amend deeply rooted health beliefs, communication should provide transparent information.
Dialogues of the resistance: imagination, writing and subjectivity in Sartre

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From the imaginative conscience to the engaged conscience of the writer Jean-Paul Sartre a continuity is enrolled that can be apprehended by intermediary of a reading that brings to the light the dialogical relations between subjectivity and alterity, the individual and the collective. Such relations, that become entangled in the tissue of the sartrian process of writing, imply a form of resistance and denunciation to the quiet mechanisms that define the concept of "bad faith".
Effect of Oxygen Concentration on Aging of Rubber Vulcanizates. I. Effect of Partial Pressure of Oxygen on Rate of Oxygen Absorption

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. Reid Shelton, William L. Cox; Effect of Oxygen Concentration on Aging of Rubber Vulcanizates. I. Effect of Partial Pressure of Oxygen on Rate of Oxygen Absorption. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 1 September 1953; 26 (3): 632–643. doi: https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3539847 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest Search
Idleness Aversion and the Need for Justifiable Busyness

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There are many apparent reasons why people engage in activity, such as to earn money, to become famous, or to advance science. In this report, however, we suggest a potentially deeper reason: People dread idleness, yet they need a reason to be busy. Accordingly, we show in two experiments that without a justification, people choose to be idle; that even a specious justification can motivate people to be busy; and that people who are busy are happier than people who are idle. Curiously, this last effect is true even if people are forced to be busy. Our research suggests that many purported goals that people pursue may be merely justifications to keep themselves busy.
5GTANGO: 5G Platform for Industry-specific Network Services and Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

5G will not simply be an evolution of mobile broadband networks as its predecessors, but will open the door to unique service capabilities, calling for new business models. In this context, Software Dened Networks (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are technologies that will shape the evolution of the telecom sector with new network capabilities and business opportunities. The ultimate goal is to increase the level of programmability, control and exibility of net- works, while reducing network operation costs and provide platforms for the validation and verication of network services. Towards addressing these challenges, this paper provides insights of the 5GTANGO Manage- ment and Orchestration (MANO) framework, along with insight from its building blocks and project achievements.
Evaluating the Impact of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (mRDTs) on Patient-Important Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review Protocol

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Access to rapid diagnostic tests for malaria (mRDTs) has significantly increased in sub-Saharan Africa, but this region still bears the largest burden of Malaria. Assessing the impact of mRDTs on patient-important outcomes is essential in effectively guiding their future evaluation and programmatic scale-up.Objective: We aim to critically assess the study designs, outcome measures, methodological quality and implementation challenges of studies that evaluate the impact of mRDTs compared to other malaria diagnostic tests on patient-important outcomes among persons suspected of malaria in sub-Sahara Africa through a systematic review of the literature.Methods and Analysis: We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, African Index Medicus and clinical trial registries from inception until June 2022. We will include a primary randomized or non-randomized study that compares the impact of mRDTs to clinical diagnosis, microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on patient-important outcomes such as time to diagnosis/turn-around time, time to initiation of therapy, time to resolution of malaria-associated symptoms, morbidity and mortality in both adults and children. We will also include quantitative studies with an additional qualitative component (mixed methods studies) to assess the implementation challenges of mRDTs. We will assess the methodological quality of included studies using National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tools for experimental and observational studies. We will use the Mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2018 for mixed methods studies. We will analyse our results through descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis and present our findings narratively, graphically and by quality ratings.Registration: This protocol is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number CRD42018083816.Dissemination: We intend to publish the outcome of our review in a peer-reviewed journal and develop a valuable and accessible result summary.
Pathogenesis of Hepatitis-B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cervical Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer, which can be explained as malignant tumors and neoplasms, is one of the main factors of human mortality and greatly obstructs the extension global human life span. There are various human cancers induced by viruses. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cervical cancer (CC) are two common cancers related to viruses. The pathogenesis of these carcinogenic viruses has been studied for a long period of time, and some progress has been made. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection functions as a promoter of hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence. The integration of HBV DNA into the host genome is one of the important factors of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Besides, miRNA plays an important part in HBV ampilification and the progression of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Another cancer-inducing virus, human papillomavirus (HPV) is highly related to cervical cancer, as the long-term chronic inflammation due to HPV infection can lead to the progression of cervical cancer. Apart from this, APOBECs also give rise to the progression of HPV-induced cervical cancer. This essay will estimate the pathogenesis of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma, such as HBV DNA integration, microRNA. Meanwhile the pathogenesis of HPV-related cervical cancer, such as inflammation, APOBEC3, will also be noted.
Beyond the Evidence: How Race, Chronological Age, and Developmental Age Shape Juror Verdicts in Sexual Assault Cases

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT There is an overrepresentation of Indigenous people (both as accused and victims of crime) and those with developmental delays in the Canadian Criminal Justice System. The current research examined the influence of defendant and victim race (involving Indigenous people), as well as defendant developmental and chronological age, on mock‐jurors’ perceptions and decisions in sexual assault cases. Experiment 1 examined the influence of defendant and victim race (Indigenous or White), and defendant chronological age (16‐ or 36‐year). Experiment 2 examined defendant race (Indigenous or White), defendant developmental age (14‐ or 24‐year), and defendant chronological age (14‐ or 24‐year). In both experiments, mock‐jurors rendered more guilty verdicts when the defendant was White, compared to Indigenous. Mock‐jurors also were more lenient to the chronologically younger defendant in Experiment 1 and the developmentally younger defendant in Experiment 2. Finally, mock‐jurors’ acceptance of rape myths was assessed; higher endorsement was associated with lower guilt ratings.
EMiTD: Enhanced Microwave Imaging for Breast Tumor Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose an Enhanced Microwave imaging technique for efficient breast Tumor Detection referred as EMiTD, which mainly comprises of two key steps: an intelligent scanning approach to optimize the scan duration and an efficient model-based microwave imaging (MWI) technique. The proposed model-based MWI is framed as an inverse problem by building the forward model using a Point Spread Function(PSF), and is solved by imposing sparsity prior since tumor is concentrated to limited regions. Further, we optimize the entire scanning duration by viewing the problem as a sequential decision making process for a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agent. We benchmark the proposed EMiTD against other competing techniques using a publicly available dataset. Both visual and quantitative reconstruction results are provided which indicate that the proposed EMiTD as compared to other competing techniques provides significantly improved tumor localization with close to 2 x improvement in Signal to Mean Ratio (SMR). Furthermore, negligible deterioration in visual results is observed with the proposed approach in spite of using only 33 % of the total measurements.
12. On the threshold of knowing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this in-depth analysis of artistic and academic lectures and performances, Lucia Rainer features an innovative conceptual and methodological tool that augments Goffman's Frame Analysis with a praxeological perspective. This way, she gives profound insight into how knowledge - as a practice and a concept - is associated with clarity rather than truth. Based on four case studies - including John Cage's unpublished and unabridged audio recording of Lecture on Nothing - the study explores how the concept of lecture performances, which adheres to two frames that never entirely blend, provides a space to (re-)negotiate the artistic-academic relationship.
Borges and Levinas Face-to-Face: Writing and the Riddle of Subjectivity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Borges asserts that every writer simultaneously inscribes the particular line he is writing and creates an image of himself. How does writing that re-creates the author's image work? What is the "Otherness" that erupts from the depths of subjectivity? These questions are examined in relation to Levinas's discussion of the rupture of the logic of identity within paternal relations and subjectivity's transformation into a paradoxical "trans-substantiality"—split into the same and Other. Borges, following an examination of the images of Shakespeare and Whitman, suggests that the dialectic of birth and alterity occurs within subjectivity, in an introvertive move in which the Other emerges during the event of the act of writing.
Hand Sanitizer Gels: Classification, Challenges, and the Future of Multipurpose Hand Hygiene Products

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hand hygiene is a crucial measure in the prevention and control of infections, and there is a growing awareness among individuals who are making a conscious effort to maintain hand cleanliness. With the advent of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the demand for hand hygiene products has also gradually shifted towards those with antimicrobial properties. Among these products, hand sanitizer gels (HSGs) have gained considerable popularity as an efficient method of hand cleaning, due to their rapid drying and sustained antimicrobial efficacy. Concurrently, there has been a growing interest in novel HSGs that offer additional functions such as skin whitening, moisturizing, and anti-inflammatory effects. These novel HSGs effectively address concerns associated with the ingestion of antimicrobial ingredients and demonstrate reduced skin irritation, thereby alleviating hand dermatological issues. This review provides an extensive overview of the application scenarios, classification, and challenges associated with HSGs while emphasizing the emergence of novel components with biological functions, aiming to contribute to the advancement of hand hygiene practices and offer novel insights for the development of novel HSGs with outstanding antimicrobial properties with other multiple biological functions and desirable biosafety profiles.