jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cosmic ray primary composition in the energy range 10–1000 TeV obtained by passive balloon-borne detector: Reanalysis of the RUNJOB experiment

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We search for a consistent view on the RUNJOB experiment and present an alternative analysis based on explicitly reported and published numerical data. Here we show that there is more than one interpretation to the reported observational data. It is demonstrated that, contrary to the wide-spread opinion, the RUNJOB data are not inconsistent with an increase of the average mass near the knee region of the cosmic ray spectrum. Considering very low statistics and systematic uncertainties, especially in the high energy region, we suggest that peculiarities of the methodical origin were the most likely source of those RUNJOB conclusions which contradicted previous observations reported by other groups.
Substoichiometric isotope dilution analysis of inorganic mercury and methylmercury with thionalide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstoichiometric isotope dilution analysis of inorganic mercury and methylmercury with thionalideYukio. Kanda and Nobuo. SuzukiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 11, 1672–1675Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50061a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50061a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Andreev reflection through Fano resonances in molecular wires

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study Andreev reflection in a normal conductor-molecule-superconductor junction using a first principles approach. In particular, we focus on a family of molecules consisting of a molecular backbone and a weakly coupled side group. We show that the presence of the side group can lead to a Fano resonance in the Andreev reflection. We use a simple theoretical model to explain the results of the numerical calculations and to make predictions about the possible sub-gap resonance structures in the Andreev reflection coefficient.
PERCEIVE Deliverable 3.4 - ‘Report on the statistical analysis of communication efforts’ impact and effectiveness on citizens’ awareness and appreciation of EU-financed projects’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Why is a focus on policy communication relevant to the practice and study of European integration? Over the two last two decades, no clear pattern seems to have emerged linking the efforts of the European Union (EU) to foster local development and reduction of disparities with a generalized increase in the levels of European identity. This constitutes a relevant challenge for both policy makers and local implementers as well as for students of the European integration process. In this context, it is surprising how little attention has been paid to the potential role of cohesion policy – the EU’s largest investment policy aimed at promoting regional development and reducing disparities. Based on a recognition of previous research and direct experience acquired through interaction with practitioners of the cohesion policy field, in this report, we point out the importance of ‘awareness’ and ‘appreciation’ (of EU efforts) by EU citizens. This means that, albeit not a general rule, those who are aware of the policy often appreciate EU developmental policies and, when these two conditions are matched with each other, tend to fell more European. In managerial terms, this gap between institutions and citizens points to the centrality of policy communication. That is, we need to better understand the mechanisms and outcomes of communicating policy in todays’ practice of policy implementation. Accordingly, this report aims at increasing our understanding of a number of strategic aspects connected with the task of communicating EU regional cohesion policy at the local level. In more detail, two main aspects are dealt with: First, the extent to which local communication activities take part in a wider international discourse (i.e. through topics). Here, we expand our previous work (i.e. see PERCEIVE deliverables 5.3 and 3.3) on communicating EU cohesion policy through social media by analyzing contents generated by Local Managing Authorities’ (hereafter referred to as LMAs) use of Facebook. And second, the impact and effectiveness of communication efforts (i.e. the effect of the amount of communication investments and the content of communication activities on citizens’ awareness of EU policies and appreciation of EU actions). Inquiring this aspect entailed a statistical analysis of the association between communication efforts which LMAs disseminate the aims and accomplishments of regional cohesion policy on the one hand, and awareness as well as appreciation of the policy by EU citizens on the other hand. The outcomes of the social media analysis described as the first aspect above are also included as variables of the statistical analysis of the second focal aspect.
Comparison of vibration and hot‐tool thermoplastic weld morphologies

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Because of very different heating rates in hot‐tool and vibration welding, and the higher weld pressures used in vibration welding inducing more squeeze flow, the weld zones in these two processes see very different flows and cooling rates, resulting in different morphologies. The weld morphologies of bisphenol‐A polycarbonate (PC) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) for these two processes are discussed in relation to these differences. The thickness of the heat‐affected zone (HAZ) in hot‐tool welds increases with the melt time; this zone is thicker than in vibration welds. The HAZ thickness in hot‐tool welds increases from the center toward the edges. The HAZ thickness is more uniform in vibration welds. Hot‐tool welds of PC have large numbers of bubbles around the central plane; the bubble size increases from the center to the edges. PC vibration welds do not have bubbles except near the edges. Both hot‐tool and vibration welds of PBT do not have bubbles. The morphology of the HAZ in PBT is very different in hot‐tool and vibration welds. In hot‐tool welds, the resolidified material consists of a sandwich structure in which two thin layers with very small crystallites surround a thicker central layer in which the spherulites are almost as large as in the original molded material. In vibration welds, the HAZ has large crystallinity gradients across the weld zone as well as squeeze‐flow induced distortion of the small spherulites.
The role of telomeres and telomerase complex in haematological neoplasia: the length of telomeres as a marker of carcinogenesis and prognosis of disease.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human telomeres (discovery of telomere structure and function has been recently awarded The Nobel Prize) consist of approximately 5-12 kb of tandem repeated sequences (TTAGGG)n and associated proteins capping chromosome ends which prevent degradation, loss of genetic information, end-to-end fusion, senescence and apoptosis. Due to the end-replication problem, telomere repeats are lost with each cell division, eventually leading to genetic instability and cellular senescence when telomeres become critically short. Stabilization of the telomeric DNA through telomerase activation, unique reverse transcriptase, or activation of the alternative mechanism of telomere maintenance is essential if the cells are to survive and proliferate indefinitely. Telomerase is expressed during early development and remains fully active in specific germline cells, but is undetectable in most normal somatic cells. High level of telomerase activity is detected in almost 90% of human tumours and immortalized cell lines. The hematopoietic compartment may develop genetic instability as a consequence of telomere erosion, resulting in aplastic anaemia (AA) and increased risk of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Genetic instability associated with telomere dysfunction (i.e. short telomeres) is an early event in carcinogenesis. The molecular cytogenetic method telomere/centromere fluorescence in situ hybridization (T/C-FISH) can be used to characterize the telomere length of hematopoietic cells. This review describes recent advances in the molecular characterization of telomere system, the regulation of telomerase activity in cancer pathogenesis and shows that the telomeric length could be a potential clinical marker of hematologic neoplasia and prognosis of disease.
Microwave-Assisted Polyester and Polyamide Synthesis

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Microwave-assisted polymerizations such as radical polymerization, polycondensation, and cation polymerization have been numerously reported. Recently, researches on condensed polymers by microwave heating have been energetically conducted about not only basic synthesis research but also scale-up for a commercial process. This mini review focuses on microwave-assisted polyester and polyamide syntheses and describes our works to develop a 30 kg scale microwave reactor in anticipation of a commercial process. Keywords: Microwave-assisted, polyester, polyamide, polycondensation, ring-opening polymerization, scale-up, radical polymerization, a commercial process
The Effect of Ginsenoside-Rh_2 in Induction of Apoptosis on Bel-7404 Cell Line

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To explore the effect of ginsenoside Rh 2(GS Rh2) in induction of apoptosis on Bel 7404 human hepatoma cell line.Methods The apoptosis rate of Bel 7404 cells and its cell cycle analyzation was determined by flow cytometry(FCM).Results GS Rh 2 induced apoptosis on Bel 7404 cell line in a dose and time dependent manner,When the concentration of GS Rh 2 was increased from 12.5 μg/ml to 50.0 μg/ml,the apoptosis rate(AR) of Bel 7404 cell line elevated from 16.2% to 27.5% accordingly;but when the concentration of GS Rh 2 was increased up to 100 μg/ml,the AR no longer rose;GS Rh 2 was capable of arresting the cell cycle at G 1 phase.Conclusions:GS Rh 2 could induce apoptosis on Bel 7404 cell line in vitro;Apoptosis of Bel 7404 cells induced by GS Rh 2 may be related to arresting cell cycle at G 1 phase.
Controlled Trial of the Effects of a Trunk Stabilization Program on Trunk Control and Knee Loading

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

JAMISON, S. T., R. J. MCNEILAN, G. S. YOUNG, D. L. GIVENS, T. M. BEST, and A. M. W. CHAUDHARI. Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effects of a Trunk Stabilization Program on Trunk Control and Knee Loading. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 44, No. 10, pp. 1924–1934, 2012. Background: Many athletic maneuvers involve coordination of movement between the lower and upper extremities, suggesting that better core muscle use may lead to improved athletic performance and reduced injury risk. Purpose :T o determine to what extent a training program with quasistatic trunk stabilization (TS) exercises would improve measures of core performance, leg strength, agility, and dynamic knee loading compared with a program incorporating only resistance training (RT). Methods: Thirty-seven male subjects were randomly assigned to either an RT-only or a resistance and TS training program, each lasting 6 wk. Core strength and endurance, trunk control, knee loading during unanticipated cutting, leg strength, and agility were collected preand posttraining. Results: Between-group analyses showed that the TS group significantly improved only core endurance when compared with the RT group (side bridge, P = 0.050). Within-group analyses showed that the TS group improved lateral core strength (maximum pull, cable on nondominant side; 44.5 T 61.3 N, P = 0.037). Both groups increased leg strength (deadlift 1 repetition maximum; TS: 55.1 T 46.5 lb, P = 0.003; RT: 33.4 T 17.5 lb, P G 0.001) and decreased sagittal plane trunk control (sudden force release test; cable in front; TS: 2.54 -T 3.68-, P = 0.045; RT: 3.47 -T 2.83-, P = 0.004), but only the RT group decreased lateral trunk control (sudden force release; cable on dominant side; 1.36 -T 1.65-, P = 0.029). The RT group improved standing broad jump (73.2 T 108.4 mm, P = 0.049) but also showed increased knee abduction moment during unanticipated cutting (1.503-fold increase (percentage body weight height), P =0 .012).Conclusions: Quasistatic TS exercises did not improve core strength, trunk control, or knee loading relative to RT potentially because of a lack of exercises, including unexpected perturbations and dynamic movement. Together, these results suggest the potential importance of targeted trunk control training to address these known anterior cruciate ligament injury risk factors.
Application of a new local effective constrained response surface method in structural reliability optimization design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose Meta-model method has been widely used in structural reliability optimization design. The main limitation of this method is that it is difficult to quantify the error caused by the meta-model approximation, which leads to the inaccuracy of the optimization results of the reliability evaluation. Taking the local high efficiency of the proxy model, this paper aims to propose a local effective constrained response surface method (LEC-RSM) based on a meta-model. Design/methodology/approach The operating mechanisms of LEC-RSM is to calculate the index of the local relative importance based on numerical theory and capture the most effective area in the entire design space, as well as selecting important analysis domains for sample changes. To improve the efficiency of the algorithm, the constrained efficient set algorithm (ESA) is introduced, in which the sample point validity is identified based on the reliability information obtained in the previous cycle and then the boundary sampling points that violate the constraint conditions are ignored or eliminated. Findings The computational power of the proposed method is demonstrated by solving two mathematical problems and the actual engineering optimization problem of a car collision. LEC-RSM makes it easier to achieve the optimal performance, less feature evaluation and fewer algorithm iterations. Originality/value This paper proposes a new RSM technology based on proxy model to complete the reliability design. The originality of this paper is to increase the sampling points by identifying the local importance of the analysis domain and introduce the constrained ESA to improve the efficiency of the algorithm.
画话 Visuals disclosures.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

C. S. Lewis once shared that, “we live, in fact, in a world starved for solitude, silence, and private: and therefore starved for meditation and true friendship”. In the helter-skelter lifestyle where we are drowned with information, words are fleeting by. This final year project captures words that think about human relationships, spaces and objects. It is a sharing of words that have made an impression on the artist during her quiet time of reflection, and inspired her to treat them visually. Viewers are invited to a personal journey to reflect on words, contemplate on relationships and to get in touch with one’s inner self.
Identification, characterization, and expression analysis of PpCPK gene family in response to Alternaria-infected peach fruits collected from different geographical regions of China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Peach is a popular and economically important fruit tree highly susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses, including diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses, pests and insects that feed fruits and leaves. Alteranria is a deadly disease agent, a genus of fungi that can cause significant damage to plants and crops such as peaches. Here, we investigated the role of CPK genes against in Alternaria species. The calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPK) gene family plays a vital role in the biotic stress response of plants. In this study, we aimed to identify, characterize, and analyze the expression pattern of the PpCPK gene family in response to Alternaria-infected peach fruits collected from different geographical regions of China. Based on phylogenetic analysis, 17 PpCPK genes were identified and classified into seven groups. The physicochemical properties, gene structure, conserved domains, and motifs of the PpCPK genes were analyzed to understand their molecular characteristics further. The Ka/Ks ratio analysis revealed the evolutionary facets of duplication events of PpCPKs and predicted the divergence time between 23.5 and 43.6 million years ago. The promoter region analysis confirmed the presence of plant growth, light, stress, and hormone-related cis-elements in PpCPKs. Additionally, the expression pattern of PpCPKs was analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR in Alternaria-infected peach fruits from different regions of China. The results indicated a differential expression pattern of PpCPK genes responding to Alternaria infection, suggesting their potential role in defense against biotic stress. Overall, our study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of PpCPK genes in response to biotic stress, which could aid in developing strategies for improving peach resistance to biotic stress.
Pedigree analysis in the Arabian horse in Algeria: estimation of inbreeding coefficient

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The studbook of the Arabian horse used in this study is recognized by international authorities such as the WAHO (World Arabian Horse Organization). The pedigree file of the horses includes 1812 animals from 166 stallions (with an average of 10.11 ± 17.33 offspring) and 392 mares (with an average of 4.30 ± 3.76 offspring). The maximal pedigree depth was 18 generations. Inbreeding coefficients of horses present in our data were estimated using the software "Pedigree Viewer" and MTDFREML software on the basis of the provided pedigree. The estimation of the inbreeding coefficient for the 1812 horses showed that 1177 animals from all those present in the pedigree were consanguineous, with an inbreeding coefficients varying from 0,00002 to 0,265, with an overall mean of 0,0275 ± 0,001. The average value of the inbreeding coefficient in the population of Arabian horses in Algeria is thus relatively high. It is to be noticed that this average coefficient of inbreeding is less than the threshold established as problematic in the inbreeding literature (6%); however, 13.5% of the total population shows inbreeding coefficients above this threshold. It is therefore important to educate owners-breeders to the problems that consanguinity can generate, and to avoid as much as possible practices that increase inbreeding, such as a too intensive use of a major ancestor, the use of a too small number of breeding animals and the use of crosses between related individuals. All these measures are necessary to prevent rapid inbreeding increase, which would result in a significant loss of genetic diversity, with a medium-term potentially negative effect on racing performances and reproduction.
Jaw Movement Responses to Electrical Stimulation of Different Parts of the Human Temporalis Muscle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Previous EMG studies have provided indications for the differential activation of the human temporalis muscle. However, in these studies the contribution of different parts of the temporalis muscle could not be separated from the contributions of other muscles, since contraction was performed by voluntary activation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine functional differences among various parts of the human temporalis muscle by means of recording the incisal point movement response to electrical stimulation of parts of the muscle. Five healthy male subjects participated in this study. Three locations (anterior, middle, and posterior temporalis muscle) were stimulated, by means of monopolar wire electrodes and rectangular pulses. The insertion depths of the stimulation electrodes were determined by means of magnetic resonance images. Stimulation was performed in four jaw positions (resting position, 50% maximum mouth opening, 1 cm to the left, and 1 cm to the right). Movement responses to stimulation of the different muscle parts were recorded with the OKAS-3D jaw movement analysis system. The movement responses were expressed in polar coordinates. The variation in the direction of the jaw movement response was partly explained by the factors 'stimulation location' and 'jaw position' (ANOVA, p < 0.001). When the stimulation location shifted in an antero-posterior direction, the response changed from a vertical-lateral incisal point movement to a lateral-posterior movement with a smaller vertical component. The jaw position during stimulation also influenced the movement response. A functional subdivision of the temporalis muscle into at least three parts is favored.