jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Formation of Charismatic Attachments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Chapter three identifies how citizens' charismatic attachments form, overwhelm alternative linkage types, and contribute to the development of powerful political movements. First, I describe three conditions that charismatic founders must fulfill to cultivate deep, unmediated, and emotional bonds with their followers: (1) direct recognition of these marginalized people's suffering; (2) enactment of bold, seemingly miraculous policies; and (3) construction of a narrative that glorifies the leader's heroic position, demonizes his opponents, and stresses his mission to transform society. Next, focusing on the Venezuelan case, I qualitatively examine how Chávez fulfilled these conditions to establish charismatic attachments with his followers. I also show how these bonds overpowered alternative linkages rooted in substantive programs and Chavista organizations. Finally, I conduct a quantitative analysis using a 2007 survey from the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP). The results confirm the overwhelming influence of charismatic, rather than programmatic or organizational, factors on citizens' attachments to Chavismo.
A vHNF1/TCF2-HNF6 Cascade Regulates the Transcription Factor Network That Controls Generation of Pancreatic Precursor Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Generation of pancreatic precursor cells in the endoderm is controlled by a network of transcription factors. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-6 (HNF6) is a key player in this network, because it controls the initiation of the expression of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), the earliest marker of pancreatic precursor cells. To further characterize this network, we have investigated how the expression of HNF6 is controlled in mouse endoderm, by using in vitro and in vivo protein-DNA interaction techniques combined with endoderm electroporation, transgenesis, and gene inactivation in embryos. We delineated Hnf6 regulatory regions that confer expression of a reporter gene in the embryonic endoderm but not in extraembryonic visceral endoderm. HNF6 expression in the embryonic endoderm was found to depend on an intronic enhancer. This enhancer contains functional binding sites for the tissue-specific factors of the forkhead box A and HNF1 families. Among the latter, variant HNF1 (vHNF1)/TCF2, which is expressed before HNF6 in the endoderm, was found to be critical for HNF6 expression. Therefore, the sequential activation of vHNF1, HNF6, and Pdx1 in the endoderm appears to control the generation of pancreatic precursors. This cascade may be used to benchmark in vitro differentiation of pancreatic precursor cells from embryonic stem cells, for cell therapy of diabetes.
Seed quality characteristics of a bambara groundnut (Vigna subterraneaL.) landrace differing in seed coat colour

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) is an underutilised African legume that fits the same ecological niche as Arachis hypogea. It is still cultivated using landraces and little is known about their seed quality. The current study evaluated seed quality characteristics (viability and vigour) of a local landrace on the basis of seed coat and speckling colour (plain red, plain cream, black speckles and brown speckles). Standard germination and electrolyte conductivity (EC) tests were used to evaluate viability and vigour. Seed imbibition rate was evaluated using two imbibition methods (seed-testing water bath and seed soaking). For each method, seeds were weighed at intervals and their water activity determined. Electron microscopy was used to determine seed coat thickness. There were highly significant differences (P < 0.001) among landrace selections with respect to germination, EC as well as imbibition and water activity. Black-speckled landraces had the highest germination (87%) and the plain cream landrace selections had the lowest final germination (67%). Brown-speckled and plain cream seeds had the highest (1 400 µs g-1) and lowest EC (36 µs g-1), respectively. Imbibition rate and water activity showed much fluctuation. Electron microscopy revealed that brown-speckled seeds had the thickest (116 µm) and plain cream seeds had the thinnest (107.9 µm) seed coats. The study concluded that seed quality in bambara groundnut was associated with seed coat and speckling colour.
How can the Concept of Immortality be Understood in Plato’s Symposium?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

My thesis explores the concept of immortality in Plato’s Symposium. Diotima claims that ‘Love must desire immortality’ (207A) and that all lovers are ‘in love with immortality’ (208E). I endeavour to interpret these claims and how different types of lovers achieve a human version of immortality in the Symposium. I begin my thesis with presenting several scholars’ interpretations of immortality in the Symposium and arguing that their interpretations are not entirely persuasive. Then I present Sheffield’s interpretation of Diotima’s claims and how the philosophical lover achieves immortality. I find her interpretation persuasive and base my interpretation on hers, particularly her proposed notion of psychic pregnancy and her interpretation of the immortality achieved by the philosophical lover as the perfection of soul. Inspired by Rowe’s and Lear’s interpretations, I argue that according to Diotima in the Symposium, the human desire for immortality is a desire to transcend limitations of mortality. And human agents take transcending mortality as a part of eudaimonia. That is, it is believed by agents that to attain eudaimonia, one has to transcend mortality in some way. Thus, the human desire for immortality is not separate from the eros for eudaimonia. In the later part of my thesis I present my interpretation of how different types of agent achieve immortality. I argue that the non-philosophical lovers transcend mortality via possessing certain goods which are able to last after their death. They take these goods to be parts of themselves, and thus the continual existence of these goods after their death is deemed as a transcendence over mortality. Perceiving mortality as non-divine, the philosophical lover transcends mortality via possessing divine things such as wisdom and virtues based on wisdom. That is, he perfects his soul through realising his potentialities for knowledge of Beauty and virtues based on this knowledge.
Anomalous current in diffusive ferromagnetic Josephson junctions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate that in diffusive superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor (S/F/S) junctions a finite, {\it anomalous}, Josephson current can flow even at zero phase difference between the S electrodes. The conditions for the observation of this effect are non-coplanar magnetization distribution and a broken magnetization inversion symmetry of the superconducting current. The latter symmetry is intrinsic for the widely used quasiclassical approximation and prevent previous works, based on this approximation, from obtaining the Josephson anomalous current. We show that this symmetry can be removed by introducing spin-dependent boundary conditions for the quasiclassical equations at the superconducting/ferromagnet interfaces in diffusive systems. Using this recipe we considered generic multilayer magnetic systems and determine the ideal experimental conditions in order to maximize the anomalous current.
Galectin-3 Interacts with Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 to Increase Cardiovascular Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Interactions and joint effects of galectin-3 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) on risks of all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality remain unclear in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods: Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of mortality risks were analyzed between higher and lower concentration groups of serum galectin-3 and VCAM-1. The modification effect between serum galectin-3 and VCAM-1 on mortality risk was investigated using an interaction product term. Results: During follow-up, galectin-3 and VCAM-1 were associated with incremental risks of all-cause mortality (aHR: 1.038 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001–1.077) and 1.002 (95% CI: 1.001–1.003), respectively). Nonetheless, VCAM-1 but not galectin-3 predicted CV mortality (aHR: 1.043 (95% CI: 0.993–1.096) and 1.002 (95% CI: 1.001–1.003), respectively). In the interaction analysis, patients with combined higher galectin-3 (>29.5 ng/mL) and VCAM-1 (>1546.9 ng/mL) were at the greatest risk of all-cause and CV mortality (aHR: 4.6 (95% CI: 1.6–13.4), and 4.2 (95% CI: 1.3–14.4), respectively). The interactions between galectin-3 and VCAM-1 with respect to all-cause and CV mortality were statistically significant (p < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Galectin-3 and VCAM-1 could serve as a promising dual biomarker for prognostic assessment, considering their joint effects on pathogenesis of leukocyte trafficking and atherothrombosis.
Cell adhesion and movement in relation to the developing limb pattern in normal and talpid 3 mutant chick embryos

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Descriptive studies of the talpid2 chick embryonic lethal mutant (ta3//a3) have suggested that the multiple effects produced by this gene are of mesodermal origin, and that they arise from defective mesenchymal cell movement and condensation (Ede & Kelly, 1964a, b). It may be argued that condensation in vivo is comparable to cell reaggregation of dissociated cells in vitro, and that defects in the former are likely to be reflected in the latter. In this case it should be possible to obtain experimental verification of this effect of the gene at the cellular level, using the quantitative methods for assessing aggregation developed by Moscona (1961a, b) and Curtis & Greaves (1965). The experiments reported here show a clear genetic effect upon cell adhesion in the wing-bud mesenchyme of the talpid3 mutant.
Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Background of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), especially those with renal failure, carry a higher risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared to the general population. Genetic mutations associated with ADPKD are known but a direct link associated with RCC is still controversial. We discuss the clinical course of two such patients. The first patient was diagnosed with ADPKD at the age of 10 years with an unreported tubulocystic RCC focus on his renal biopsy that was picked up on review 16 years later when he presented with vertebral metastases determined to have originated from the RCC. He was doing well on multikinase inhibitors till 4 years of diagnosis with metastatic disease when he succumbed to progressive disease after 3 lines of systemic therapy. The second patient was diagnosed with ADPKD in middle age and papillary RCC 3 years later. Within 3 months of cancer diagnosis, there was progression to metastatic disease and rapid decline despite systemic therapies. We surmise that the diagnosis of RCC may be missed in ADPKD till the advanced stages. Patients with ADPKD should be monitored regularly with imaging and biopsy if needed. Histology may be varied but once diagnosed, systemic therapies may help disease control.
Dual recognition of herpes simplex viruses by TLR2 and TLR9 in dendritic cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Dendritic cells (DCs) express multiple Toll-like receptors (TLR) in distinct cellular locations. Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) have been reported to engage both the surface TLR2 and intracellular TLR9 in conventional DCs. However, the contributions of these TLRs in recognition of HSV and the induction of proinflammatory cytokines in DCs remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a rare population of HSV, both in laboratory strains and in primary clinical isolates from humans, has the capacity to activate TLR2. This virus population is recognized through both TLR2 and TLR9 for the induction of IL-6 and IL-12 secretion from bone marrow-derived DCs. Further, we describe a previously uncharacterized pathway of viral recognition in which TLR2 and TLR9 are engaged in sequence within the same DC. Live viral infection results in two additional agonists of TLR2 and TLR9. These results indicate that in cells that express multiple TLRs, pathogens that contain multiple pathogen-associated molecular patterns can be detected in an orchestrated sequence and suggest that the innate immune system in DCs is optimized to linking uptake and degradation of pathogens to microbial recognition.
The influence of social network communication on the buying behavior of Cameroonian consumers on social e-commerce platforms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The paper explores how social networks influence Cameroonian consumers' buying behavior. Then, the authors examine customers' advertising perceptions and psychological dispositions to explain their purchase intention and behavioral consumption. Design/methodology/approach The research framework is developed based on Nelson's theory of advertising by studying advertising perceptions, consumer psychological dispositions associated with social network characteristics and behavioral consumption. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), the validation takes support from 231 responses collected with an online questionnaire from Cameroun. Findings The study reveals three critical results: (1) consumers' perceptions of advertising significantly influence their psychological disposition, (2) consumers' psychological dispositions and the social network significantly influence their intention to purchase and (3) consumers' intention to purchase significantly impacts their behavioral consumption. Originality/value The proposed and validated model contributes to understanding the influence of social network communication on customers' buying behavior on social s-Commerce platforms of developing country enterprises.
Analgesic Drugs for Rheumatism

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Analgesic Drugs for Rheumatism SIR,-Your article on analgesic drugs for rheumatism (" To-day's Drugs," November 23, p. 1317) dismisses the role of steroids in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in surprisingly curt fashion.It says, " Long-term trials under controlled conditions show little superiority for pred- nisone' and none for cortisone2 over aspirin in conventional doses."Anyone who has enjoyed more than theoretical experience in this field surely knows that this statement merely perpetuates a statistical understatement which was long since disproved in practice.-Iam, etc., W. S. C. COPEMAN.
Ototoxicity: etiology and issues.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Several classes of drugs have been identified as having ototoxic potential: aminoglycoside antibiotics, other basic antibiotics, antimalarial drugs, loop diuretics, and salicylates. Various chemicals have also been implicated in causing ototoxicity. If certain predisposing conditions are present when a potentially ototoxic drug is administered, the risk of ototoxicity is increased. These conditions include impaired renal functioning, pregnancy, previous or concomitant treatment with another potentially ototoxic drug, inherited susceptibility to ototoxicity, and the effects of noise. Other conditions that have been associated with ototoxicity for which there is a lack of strong scientific support are age, sex, and pre-existing hearing loss. The physician's awareness of predisposing conditions combined with rational drug usage can reduce ototoxic risk to the individual.
Implants and Human Rights, in Particular Bodily Integrity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Human ICT implants can have various implications for human rights. In particular, the right to bodily integrity may be at stake due to the direct connection to the human body. In this chapter, the scope of the right to bodily integrity is discussed. A more detailed discussion on how the right is affected by implants is largely based on biotechnological implants. In this field, the distinction between therapy and enhancement, as well as implications of implants for the concept of the body and its integrity, has been largely debated. Subsequently, the right is approached with a focus on other, non-living implants. Specific emphasis is given on nanotechnological implants and information carriers. It also appears to be relevant whether the implant has an active or a passive functionality. Finally, some concluding remarks are made by pointing at additional challenges for human rights resulting from ICT implants.
An improved digestion and analysis procedure for silicon in plant tissue v1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Silicon (Si) in plant tissues reduces abiotic and biotic stress, but it is incorporated as silica (SiO2), which is difficult to solubilize for analysis. We modified an oven-induced tissue-digestion method to improve Si solubilization and validated the accuracy by quantifying the mass-balance recovery of Si from hydroponic solution and in plant tissues. Leaf, stem, and root tissues were dried, finely-ground, and digested in 12.5 molar sodium hydroxide at 95 °C. The solutions were then acidified with hydrochloric acid to achieve a pH of 2 for measurement of Si using the molybdate blue colorimetric method. Interference of phosphorus (P) in the analysis was minimized by increasing the addition of oxalic acid from 0.6 to 1.1 molar. We recovered 101 ± 13% of the Si in leaf, stem, and root tissues across 15 digestions. This Si recovery was fourteen-fold higher than the standard acid-extraction method and similar to a USDA-ARS alkaline-extraction method. Our procedure offers a low-cost, accurate method for extraction and analysis of Si in plant tissues.
The Role of Senior University Students’ Career Adaptability in Predicting Their Subjective Well-Being

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to examine whether career adaptability and career adaptability subscales of senior undergraduates could predict subjective well-being. The research was a descriptive correlational study which was conducted on 310 senior students (173 women, 137 men) in a state-funded university on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey and participants participated in this study voluntarily. Participants ranged in age between 20 and 28 years. Career Adaptability Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were used as data collection tools in this study. Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation Analysis, Simple Regression Analysis, and finally Multiple Regression Analysis were performed to examine the effect of the total score of career adaptability and subscale scores of careers adaptability of senior undergraduate students on subjective well-being. All analyses were conducted using the SPSS version 20.0. The findings of the research showed that career adaptability predicts the subjective well-being of university senior students. Control as a subscale of career adaptability was found to be the strongest predictive variable for subjective well-being among senior university students. Concern and confidence as subscales of career adaptability were found to be other predictive variables of subjective well-being in this study. However, curiosity as a subscale was not found to be a predictor of subjective well-being. These findings are discussed through career construction theory.
Beamforming for millimetre wave downlink communications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The cellular traffic has been in great demand and it has been experiencing rapid growth and it will continue to grow even more rapid and bigger. In this project, we will be studying beamforming techniques for the multi-user millimeter wave communications. Millimeter wave communication is one of the most promising technologies that may be implemented for the future 5G wireless networks. So far, there are several works which have addressed the millimeter wave beamforming for single-user communication. However, research for multi-user millimeter wave communication is at its infancy stage. Hence, this area still needs to be investigated in a much greater detail with includes studying the performance index such as spectral efficiency and bit error rates of proposed Hybrid Beamforming and Analogue-only Beam-steering.
Factors facilitating or constraining the fieldwork practicum experience for culturally and linguistically diverse student teachers in Queensland schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Increasing numbers of Culturally And Linguistically Diverse (CALD) students, both from the international and domestic sectors are undertaking teacher education programs at Australian universities. While many have positive practicum experiences, there are a significant number who experience difficulties. Little work has been done on viewing this situation from a sociocultural perspective where learning is seen as a form of socialisation into the different beliefs, values and practices of the new community, the placement school. This study argues that all student teachers, particularly pre-service CALD teachers, require active learning communities to become successful. Using perspectives derived from situated learning (Lave & Wenger, 1991) and community of practice theory (Wenger, 1998) this study illustrates the processes of learning and identity development and the factors that facilitate or constrain the practicum experience for CALD pre-service teachers. This study adopts a methodology that is grounded in narrative inquiry, with in-depth interview techniques used to explore CALD teachers’ experiences of their fieldwork practicum and their attempts to participate and practice successfully. The data derived from fourteen in-depth narratives of pre-service CALD teachers is analysed from a sociocultural perspective. The practicum for these students is an experience of legitimate peripheral participation in a community of practice (the practicum school), and the complex nature of the social experience as they engaged in building their professional identity as a teacher is discussed. This analysis is used to propose recommendations and strategies at the faculty and school levels to support positive learning and practicum experiences for this group of student teachers.