jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The case of atypical course of gastric ulcer in pediatric practice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the article, the authors present brief information about gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, its epidemiology, diagnostic capabilities, approaches to the treatment and prevention of complications. In addition, there are data on the diagnosis and verification of symptomatic gastroduodenal ulcers. Using the example of a clinical case of a complicated symptomatic ulcer in a child, the authors describe the difficulties encountered at the stages of diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up at high risk of complications.
The minimum extent of corpus callosum connections required for normal visual development in the cat.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The corpus callosum and its role in the development of the cat visual system was studied in terms of the minimum group of intact callosal fibers needed for normal visual development to result. Additionally, the fate of these surviving callosal fibers was studied morphologically to determine whether the resulting pattern of connectivity could account for the subsequent visual development. Incomplete corpus callosum sections were made in cats within the first two postnatal weeks, a time period when a complete callosum section results in permanent visual deficits. Visual development was assessed as a function of visual acuity, and connectivity of the intact callosal fibers was defined using the retrograde tracer, horseradish peroxidase. The results indicate that only a portion of the visual corpus callosum fibers need to be intact during the critical period of corpus callosum development in order for normal callosal connectivity and a normal visual system to result.
Agent-Based Modeling of Householders’ Migration Behavior and Its Consequences

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Agent-Based approach is the most promising among the modelling techniques developed in recent decades that apply to demography and the social sciences. The current paper considers this approach with respect to householder migration and dynamics of residential distribution. It begins with a characterization of different styles of AB modelling and proceeds with examples of AB models of residential behavior, ranging from Schelling-type abstract models to real-world simulations of the population dynamics of an urban region with a population of 30,000. The latter is investigated in depth.
Unified Cost Function Model Predictive Control for a three-stage Smart Transformer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The massive integration of power electronics-based renewable energy sources has profoundly changed the electrical grid. In this scenario, the smart transformer, which is a solid-state transformer with advanced control and communication features, has been proposed as one of the solutions to offer new grid services, while mitigating electrical grid issues, including voltage/frequency disturbance, harmonics, voltage instability, and to pave the way towards dc grids. The commonly proposed topology for ST is the three-stage ac-dc-dc-ac converter, due to the availability of the dc link at both medium- and low-voltage sides. The control design usually relies on the well-known techniques of pole/zero placement and each conversion stage is considered separately. This paper proposes a unified predictive control of the three stages of the ST that allows to control all the variables with a single cost function. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed solution in guaranteeing excellent current tracking performance and good disturbance rejection.
A Genomic Map of Viroid RNA Motifs Critical for Replication and Systemic Trafficking

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract RNA replication and systemic trafficking play significant roles in developmental regulation and host–pathogen interactions. Viroids are the simplest noncoding eukaryotic RNA pathogens and genetic units that are capable of autonomous replication and systemic trafficking and offer excellent models to investigate the role of RNA structures in these processes. Like other RNAs, the predicted secondary structure of a viroid RNA contains many loops and bulges flanked by double-stranded helices, the biological functions of which are mostly unknown. Using Potato spindle tuber viroid infection of Nicotiana benthamiana as the experimental system, we tested the hypothesis that these loops/bulges are functional motifs that regulate replication in single cells or trafficking in a plant. Through a genome-wide mutational analysis, we identified multiple loops/bulges essential or important for each of these biological processes. Our results led to a genomic map of viroid RNA motifs that mediate single-cell replication and systemic trafficking, respectively. This map provides a framework to enable high-throughput studies on the tertiary structures and functional mechanisms of RNA motifs that regulate viroid replication and trafficking. Our model and approach should also be valuable for comprehensive investigations of the replication and trafficking motifs in other RNAs.
SEASONAL AND DIURNAL TRENDS OF CHORUSING HUMPBACK WHALES WINTERING IN WATERS OFF WESTERN MAUI

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A bstract A portable data logger controlled by a Tattletale 7 microcontroller was used to record humpback whale choruses during the 1998 humpback whale winter season in Hawaii. The data logger sampled the sounds for four minutes every half hour using a digitizing rate of 2 kHz, and the data were stored on a hard disk. The results between January and April showed a peak in the sound pressure level between mid‐February and mid‐March. This peak of approximately 120 dB re 1 μPa coincided with the peak in the number of whales sighted by aerial survey on 7 March 1998. The choruses had spectral peaks at 315 Hz and 630 Hz. Some of the sounds at 630 Hz were second harmonics of the 315 Hz peak and others were not. The data also indicated a diurnal pattern in the sound pressure level, with levels at night significantly louder than the daytime levels. The sound levels began to increase during sunset and remained relatively high until sunrise, when they progressively decreased to a minimum. The nighttime peak occurred within an hour before and after midnight, and the daytime minimum occurred between 1100 and 1500. That more humpback whales appear to sing at night may reflect a switch to sexual advertisement as the primary male mating strategy at this time. It may also indicate that daylight and vision play key roles in the formation of competitive groups. It is suggested that the relative number of humpback whales in a given locale may be estimated by monitoring changes in sound pressure levels.
[Bioavailability of cadmium: effect of vitamin C and phytase in broiler chickens].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Though the application of the toxic heavy metal cadmium is reduced, its concentration in soil and in feed still increases. Especially smoking habits and unbalanced diets cause cadmium intake in humans beyond the limits suggested by WHO. One possibility to reduce cadmium burden is to influence the bioavailability of cadmium in the feed by certain vitamins, trace elements and other feed components and thus to lower its content in food from animal origin. In the present study the influence of vitamin C and phytase on the bioavailability of cadmium was investigated in broiler chicken. It was shown that 1 g vitamin C per kg of feed lowered cadmium accumulation in kidney and in liver by up to 40%. Addition of phytase, a new feeding enzyme, licensed in 1992 in Germany for improving phosphate utilization from phytate, lowered cadmium accumulation by up to 60%. Therefore the addition of these two components to the feed lowers the cadmium burden in food from animal origin and thus increases its quality.
From Natural Translanguaging to Planned Translanguaging: Developing Classroom Translanguaging as Pedagogy in a Private University in China

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Despite a large body of literature on English learning using translanguaging, such research on the role of translanguaging on English reading among Chinese private university students is minimal. The present study presented a need for teachers in an English medium instruction context to mitigate language deficiencies where the students are not able to perform in an English-only classroom. The research examined when and how translanguaging emerges in Chinese private university students’ English reading practice. Ethnographic research methods were implemented over a six-month period. Twenty-eight students and their teacher participated in this study. Data were collected through classroom observations, open-ended interviews. Translanguaging as theoretical framework and nexus analysis as analytical framework were employed to examine the real reading practice of private university students and their trajectories of the shift from natural translanguaging to planned translanguaging. The findings indicated that: a) reading using translanguaging rather than English medium instruction is typical in teaching and reading practices among private university students in China; b) although Chinese private university students as a community of low English proficiency appreciated the pedagogical translanguaging, they still needed time, space, and planned translanguaging to reconcile the tension between translanguaging and English medium instruction.
Multiple Time Scales Analysis of Temperature and Precipitation Variation in Shanghai for the Recent 136 Years

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Mexican Hat form wavelet transformation and Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD) are mainly used to investigate the 1873-2008 data of Shanghai yearly average temperature and annual precipitation at multi-time scales.The oscillating structure and periodic characteristic of Shanghai climate at multi-scales are expected to be understood.The result shows that,the increasing trend of Shanghai annual temperature is obvious,especially after the 1980s when the increasing speed is faster than ever before.The warm period of the 1940s and the cold period of the 1960s constitute the main features of the 20th century temperature changes in Shanghai.The influence of temperature variations between urban and suburban area caused by urbanization is obvious.Annual precipitation of Shanghai is oscillating mainly at micro-scale while fluctuation cycles are around 40 years.The wavelet transform results show that the precipitation will be increasing in large-scale but declining in micro-scale.
Decreasing Racemic Epinephrine for Bronchiolitis in an Academic Children’s Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of pediatric hospitalizations in the United States. Although the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends against routine use of bronchodilators in bronchiolitis management, racemic epinephrine was persistently used for this purpose at Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital. Our aim was to decrease racemic epinephrine use for bronchiolitis by 50% within 8 months. METHODS: Our multidisciplinary team used the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s Model for Improvement to develop an aim statement, choose metrics, and perform plan-do-study-act cycles to reduce racemic epinephrine use. We used focused education through in-person and online methods and provided direct feedback to residents, respiratory therapists, and nurses primarily caring for these children. The percentage of all patients admitted for bronchiolitis receiving at least 1 dose of racemic epinephrine was collected from the medical record and recorded on statistical process control charts for distribution to their work areas. Albuterol use and length of stay were collected as balancing measures. We used statistical process control charts to establish special cause variation and identify statistically significant differences in our measures. RESULTS: During our intervention period, the percentage of bronchiolitis patients receiving at least 1 dose of racemic epinephrine to treat bronchiolitis decreased from an average of 26% to 5%, and similarly, albuterol use decreased from an average of 48% to 34%. There was no clinically significant difference in length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: Using a multidisciplinary approach and focused education techniques may be an effective way to reduce racemic epinephrine use for children with bronchiolitis.
The relationship between parenting styles and the educational achievement

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the present research is to study the relationship between different parenting styles (authoritarian, autocratic, and permissive) and the educational achievement of students. For that matter, a sample of 262 people has been chosen amongst male and female students at the first grade of theoretical high schools in the city of Karaj, through the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The necessary data has been collected by the use of measuring tools like the parenting style questionnaire of Diana Baumrind (1971). The validity and reliability of the mentioned questionnaires was confirmed. The results of multivariable regression analysis, obtained through the simultaneous method, had indicated that there was a meaningful and positive relationship observed between the authoritarian parenting style and the academic achievement, and there is not a relationship observed between the two other styles (autocratic and permissive) and the educational achievement. Also, there is a meaningful difference the educational achievements of male and female students, which was clarified through the statistical test for the independent mean differences (the independent t). (Sadigh Masafoor. The relationship between parenting styles and the educational achievement. Life Sci J
Entrepreneurial Marketing and SME Performance in Tanzania's Agro-Processing Industry: The Roles of Customer Intensity, Value Creation, and Proactiveness

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study investigates how entrepreneurial marketing dimensions affect the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania's agroprocessing industry. By integrating insights from the Resource-Based Theory ) and Entrepreneurial Marketing Theory , the analysis focuses on three critical dimensions: customer intensity, value creation, and proactiveness. Data were collected from 255 SMEs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (Partial Least Squares SEM) with the SEMinR package. The results demonstrate that both customer intensity and proactiveness significantly enhance SME performance, suggesting that prioritizing customerfocused activities and adopting a proactive approach can lead to improved outcomes. Interestingly, the study finds that value creation does not directly correlate with SME performance, indicating a need for a more nuanced approach in the agro-processing sector. These findings offer practical implications for agro-processing SMEs seeking sustained growth and competitiveness while advancing the theoretical understanding of both ResourceBased Theory and Entrepreneurial Marketing Theory.
Modeling overbookings on air cargo transportation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose In order to hedge against fluctuation in actual “show” for air freight services, cargo airlines engage in the allocation of more space capacity than they actually have. This practice can lead to overbooking of capacity which can incur costs to the airline when a cargo does show that is larger than predicted. In this study, the authors set out to model an optimised value for air cargo booking which is tested against five different cargo case‐representative scenarios. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The methodology which is primarily discursive utilises a synthesis of existing literature to develop a model to replicate the overbooking problem. Findings This paper finds that the optimised value of cargo size may not necessarily depend on the probability of actual “show”. Instead, this variation appears dependent on a random demand for larger sized cargo, and thus, price. Practical implications The model which is developed serves as a potential framework for airlines to avoid uncertainty associated with cargo capacity spoilage and overbooking. Originality/value In this study, the passenger overbooking model under the cancellation and no‐show problems in the static single leg case was adapted for use during the modelling of air cargo overbooking.
Tranylcypromine and Convulsions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

National Institute of Sciences of India on the history of sciences, including medicine, of ancient India.The following quotations from my paper with S. N. Pandeyal regarding the importance of theoretical and of practical training in medical education in ancient India will, I am sure, be of interest to your readers:1. " The student who obtains his know- ledge only from books is like an ass with a burden of sandalwood, for he knows the weight but not the value thereof."" 2. "He who is versed only in books, but not skilled in practice, gets alarmed and confused, like a coward in the battlefield when confronting active disease."3. "He who is skilled in practice but is audacious and ignorant of the theory cf scU'nce, does not receive approval of thK learned men and receives capital punishment from the king."4 4. " Both these groups of persons (items 2 and 3) are lacking in dexterity and inept in the discharge of their duties, for they know only half the science and are like birds with one wing only."51am.etc.,
[Recent advances in curcumin and its derivatives for treatment of liver diseases].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Curcumin is a principal polyphenolic curcuminoid extracted from turmeric rhizome, which has been used for treating inflammation of joints, ulcers, jaundice and other disorders in Asian traditional medicine. In recent years, many studies have indicated that curcumin plays important roles in treatment of liver diseases. Curcumin attenuates liver injury and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by lowering the release of inflammation cytokines, minimizing oxidative stress, enhancing the sensitivity of insulin and altering lipid metabolism. Curcumin shows potent anti-fibrosis activity, contributing to inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells and reduce the deposition of extracellular matrix by its regulation of PPAR-γ, NF-ΚB and TGF-β signaling pathways. Moreover, curcumin exhibits anti-cancer effect by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several hepatoma cell lines. However, poor water solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin limit its clinical applications. To overcome its limited systemic bioavailability, many new approaches have been explored to deliver curcumin effectively. This article focuses on advances in the effects of curcumin and its derivatives for treatment of liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma.
LandCoverMap_APTBNC.rar

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This compression *.rar file contains “BayesCombLC2013.tif” which is land cover map integrated using the Bayesian-average integration and “MajortyCombLC2013.tif” which is land cover map integrated using the Majority-vote integration. After uncompressing, you can view it using ArcGIS software. There are two "*.lyr" files which contains the legend information.
(Invited) Opportunities and Challenges in Fe-Based Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Sodium-ion batteries have received extensive attention in recent years with the growing demand for sustainable energy storage systems. As a low-cost alternative to lithium-ion batteries, achieving secure, economical, and diverse materials supply chains is necessary for the successful market penetration of the technology. This presentation will introduce research and development efforts at Argonne National Laboratory aimed at advancing sodium-ion batteries that are based on earth-abundant elements. Synthesis, structure, and properties of Na x (Ni,Mn,Fe)O 2 layered cathodes will be presented and some key commercialization challenges and insights will be discussed.
COMPARATIVE THERMORESISTANCE OF TWO BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR MONITORING STEAM AUTOCLAVES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

According to Pharmocopoea Nordica, steam autoclaves should be'regularly monitored by a specific Swedish preparation of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores. If another biological indicator (BI) is used for such a control, it should first be calibrated against the Swedish BI (SBI) and the two BIs should be equally thermoresistant. Attest® No. 1262 BI (ABI) has previously been shown to be more thermoresistant than the SBI at 134 °C, saturated steam. The purpose of the present study was to compare the thermoresistance of the SBI and the ABI at 121 °C, saturated steam and prevacuum. Seven hundred and twenty units of each BI were heat‐exposed in an Emmer 760 litre prevacuum, pressure‐pulsing steam autoclave. After prevacuum with steam injection (manual or automatic preconditioning), the following incremental heat exposure times were used in triplicate (20 simultaneously tested units of each BI in each cycle) according to a randomized scheme: 5, 6 1/2, 8, 9 1/2, 11, 12 1/2, 14 and 15 min. The intra‐chamber pressure and temperature were continuously monitored throughout the test and equilibration cycles. The heat‐exposed BI units were cultivated and read as recommended by the manufacturers. SBI and ABI showed a survival‐time of 8 min and 11 min respectively, and a kill‐time between 14 min and 15 min for both BIs. Thus, the ABI had the narrower survival‐kill window. Probit analysis testing of the results showed that the difference in thermoresistance, at 121 °C, saturated steam and prevacuum between Attest No, 1262 BI and the Swedish BI mentioned in Pharmacopea Nordica was not statistically significant.
Perception in Multimodal Pedagogical Interaction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

в статье рассматриваются условия эффективного восприятия в мультимодальной интеракции участников педагогического дискурса. В результате исследования было установлено, что в интеракционном пространстве обучающего занятия мультимодальные средства коммуникации используются педагогом для управления восприятием сообщаемой им информации, а учениками – для невербального взаимодействия с педагогом в качестве обратной связи. Единое визуальное пространство занятия обеспечивает взаимное восприятие участников педагогической интеракции и позволяет преподавателю корректировать стратегию изложения материала в зависимости от коммуникативного поведения «слушающих» учеников.