jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PEMBERIAN STATUS TERHADAP TERORIS BERDASARKAN KONVENSI JENEWA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research analyzes about the status that given towards terrorists according to the Geneva Conventions as a source of International Humanitarian Law. This research is using descriptive qualitative methods to describe the practices carried out by terrorists and violations committed against the International Humanitarian Law. The sources for this research are from literature studies with secondary data sources such as books, articles, research journals, mass media, college notes, and internet sites. This research describing that according to the Geneva Conventions, the status given to terrorists as perpetrators of crimes against humanity is unlawful combatant. In addition, the ICRC also gives unprivileged belligerent status to those who carry out their acts of terrorist as individuals and do not have assimilation with any terrorism groups. Acts of terrorism have also been proven to violates the Geneva Conventions, including Article 33 and Article 147 of the Geneva Convention IV 1949, Articles 51 and 85 of Additional Protocol I 1977, and Article 13 of Additional Protocol II 1977.
Christian–Muslim Relations

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This reference work, the second of three, brings together extracts from the major writings by Christians and Muslims that reflect their awareness of one another and the attitudes they formed in the years 1500–1700. Organized regionally, it covers five continents and shows the considerable range of the encounters that took place between the followers of the two faiths in these centuries. Over 120 extracts appear here in English, many translated for the first time, with introductions, notes and suggestions for further reading. They represent a wide variety of genres, cultural settings, political contexts, religious persuasions and languages. On the Christian side topics include: theological reflections on the advance of the Ottoman Empire, the ‘discovery’ of communities of Muslims in Africa, Asia and the Americas and the rise of the academic study of Islam. On the Muslim side they include: conversion and interreligious coexistence, theological and legal deliberations on the position and rights of religious minorities, and accounts of military conflict and diplomatic agreements between Christians and Muslims. The introduction provides a historical and geographical summary of Christian–Muslim encounters in the period 1500–1700, a short account of the religious, intellectual and social circumstances in which encounters took place and works were written, and an outline of the main topics of argument.
Swing voters, core voters, and distributive politics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

How do political parties allocate targetable goods – such as private goods targeted to individuals, local public goods targeted to geographic areas, or tax breaks targeted to specific industries or firms – in order to optimize their electoral prospects? A continuing debate on this question pits those who lean toward Cox and McCubbins's (1986) "core voter model" against those who lean toward Lindbeck and Weibull's (1987) "swing voter model." Both models envision two parties competing to win an election by promising to distribute targetable goods to various groups, should they be elected. Cox and McCubbins argue that vote-maximizing parties will allocate distributive benefits primarily to their core voters. A typical response embodying the swing voter logic is Stokes's (2005: 317): "voters who are predisposed in favor of [a party] on partisan or programmatic grounds [– that is, its core voters –] cannot credibly threaten to punish their favored party if it withholds [distributive] rewards. Therefore the party should not waste rewards on them."
Tomato Leaf Disease Detection and Identification using Machine Learning

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Auto-learning machines-based detection and recognition of tomato leaf disease images are a rapidly-growing field. CNN architecture based ResNet50 model used to demonstrate machine learning-based image detection and recognition. Indicator dataused in this study use image pre-processing techniques. Image analysis uses morphological techniques and the Hough transform. The fundamental objective of this work is to detectdiseases in images using the Resnet50 Architecture. The data set used for training the ResNet50 model identifies the leaf disease. Performance measures the efficiency evaluation of the modelfrom the perspectives of exactness, detail, andsensitivity. The findings reveals an overall accuracy of 97.6%, specificity of 95.63, and sensitivity of 98.21, which is an improvement over the existing approaches.
Unpacking the Vincentian Service Leadership Model: An Interview with Marco Tavanti

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Marco Tavanti is a Senior Researcher on Leadership and Assistant Professor in the International Public Service Graduate Program at DePaul University’s School of Public Service. As Wicklander Fellow for the Institute for Business and Professional Ethics (IBPE), he served with the Ethics Across the Curricula (EAC) initiative. His work on the elaboration of the Four-S Principles of Vincentian Ethics is widely used by students, instructors, and administrators. He has written extensively on cross-cultural leadership, academic social responsibility and poverty reduction, and has taught and lectured at universities in Italy, Mexico, Brazil, East Africa, and the Philippines. Dr. Tavanti presented this work at the annual meeting of Institute on College Student Values in February 2007. He was contacted about his work.
INTER-ARM BLOOD PRESSURE DIFFERENCE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: An increased inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference (IBPD) is an easily determined physical examination finding and a significant IBPD has recently been associated with worse cardiovascular outcome. But the prevalence of IBPD in Asian population is unknown and the relationship between IBPD and blood pressure (BP) variability is not yet determined. This study was performed to describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of the patients with increased IBPD and to examine the association between IBPD and BP variability.Design and method: A representative population (aged 20–65 years) was selected by list-assisted random-digit dialing method from a city with a population of one million. The BP of two arms was simultaneously measured using validated automatic BP measurement devices for 3 times and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed in all included subjects. An increased IBPD was defined as > 10mmHg using the average of 3 BP differences obtained simultaneously in both arms. Results: Five hundreds of subjects were included in this study, and 13 subjects were excluded because of inadequate ABPM measurements. Mean age was 46.9 ± 9.4 years and 309 participants were female (63.4%). Overall systolic BP and diastolic BP were 118.5 ± 13.4 mmHg and 75.1 ± 10.3 mmHg and mean systolic IBPD was 5.7 ± 4.0mmHg. Of 487 subjects, 66 subjects (13.6%) had an increased systolic IBPD. Compared with those with normal IBPD, subjects with increased systolic IBPD showed higher clinic BP (127.2 ± 13.7 vs. 117.2 ± 12.8 mmHg in systolic BP, P < 0.001; 78.7 ± 11.2 vs. 74.6 ± 10.1 mmHg in diastolic BP, P = 0.002), higher 24-hour systolic BP (118.5 ± 12.0 vs. 115.6 ± 10.8 mmHg, P = 0.045) and higher 24-hour pulse pressure (42.4 ± 7.4 vs. 40.2 ± 6.5 mmHg, P = 0.012). The subjects with increased systolic IBPD showed higher 24-hour BP variability; increased standard deviation of daytime BPs, increased weighted standard deviation of BPs, increased coefficient of variation of daytime BPs and increased average real variability of both 24-hour BPs and daytime BPs (Table). There was no significant difference in nighttime dipping pattern of increased IBPD subjects. Conclusions: In this community-based cohort, an increased IBPD is common and associated with an increased short-term BP variability. Bilateral BP measurements should be emphasized in routine clinical practice.
Enhanced Catalysis of Electrochemical Overall Water\nSplitting in Alkaline Media by Fe Doping in Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub> Nanosheet Arrays

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The development of\nbifunctional electrocatalysts with high performance\nfor both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction\n(OER) with earth-abundant elements is still a challenge in electrochemical\nwater splitting technology. Herein, we fabricated a free-standing\nelectrocatalyst in the form of vertically oriented Fe-doped Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub> nanosheet array grown on three-dimensional (3D)\nNi foam (Fe-Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>/NF), which presented a high\nactivity and durability for both HER and OER in alkaline media. On\nthe basis of systematic experiments and calculation, the Fe-doping\nwas evidenced to increase the electrochemical surface area, improve\nthe water adsorption ability, and optimize the hydrogen adsorption\nenergy of Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>, which resulted in the enhancement\nof HER activity on Fe-Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>/NF. Moreover, metal\nsites of Fe-Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>/NF were proved to play a significant\nrole in the HER process. During the catalysis of OER, the formation\nof Ni–Fe (oxy)­hydroxide was observed on the near-surface section\nof Fe-Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>/NF, and the introduction of the\nFe element dramatically enhanced the OER activity of Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>. The overall water splitting electrolyzer assembled\nby Fe-Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>/NF exhibited a low cell voltage\n(1.54 V @ 10 mA cm<sup>–2</sup>) and a high durability in 1\nM KOH. This work demonstrated a promising bifunctional electrocatalyst\nfor water electrolysis in alkaline media with potential application\nin the future.
Involvement of NADPH oxidase in serotonin‐induced angiogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Serotonin (5‐Hydroxytrytamine, 5‐HT), a gastrointestinal paracrine hormone, has been shown to induce angiogenesis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐induced angiogenesis as a receptor downstream signaling molecule. In vascular endothelium, multi‐subunit NADPH oxidase is the predominant contributor of endothelial superoxide generation. In the present study, we investigated whether NADPH oxidase is involved in serotonin‐induced angiogenesis. Seroton‐ininduced‐ angiogenesis was confirmed by in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In vitro angiogenesis using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), serotonin enhanced cell migration, invasion and tube formation. Such serotonin‐induced‐angiogenesis was inhibited by cyanopindolol, 5‐HT 1A receptor antagonist, cinanserin, 5‐HT 2A receptor antagonist, and apocynin, NADPH oxidase inhibitor. Serotonin produced ROS, and such ROS was inhibited by apocynin and diphenyl iodonium (DPI), NADPH oxidase inhibitors, but not by allopurinol (Xantine oxidase inhibitor) and anitmycin A (mitochondrial inhibitor). In conclusion, serotonin‐induced angiogenesis is mediated through 5‐HT 1A and 5‐HT 2A receptor, which, in turn, activates NADPH oxidase to generate ROS as a a receptor downstream signaling molecule.
Determining jitter values in the very young by use of the e‐norms methodology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction : The diagnosis of myasthenia gravis in very young infants is a challenging one. In young infants, stimulated single‐fiber electromyography (StimSFEMG) is the most appropriate technique, but it has serious limitations due to the absence of reference values in this subpopulation. Here we present our efforts to derive a reference range of jitter in a patient cohort of infants <3 years of age using the extrapolated norms, or e‐norms, technique. Methods : The e‐norms method was used to calculate jitter mean consecutive difference (MCD) descriptive statistics for children <3 years of age. Results : The e‐norms derived jitter upper MCD limit was 45 μs in children <1 year, 33 μs in those <2 years, and 26 in those <3 years of age. Conclusion : In the absence of jitter reference values for the very young, the e‐norms method can be used as an alternative to derive these values from laboratory cohorts. Muscle Nerve 55 : 51–54, 2017
Corpus-Saphenous Shunt as Treatment in Priapism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The mechanism of normal penile erection and of priapism are recapitulated. the importance of venous stasis with the possibility of secondary thrombosis is emphasized. the treatment is discussed in the light of 2 cases from this clinic. Early and effective drainage of the corpora cavernosa using corpus-saphenous shunt is recommended.
Development of a Real-time PCR for Detection of Porcine Bocavirus

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A TaqMan based real-time PCR was developed for the specific detection of porcine bocavirus virus(PBoV).The specific primers and probes were designed according to the VP1 / 2genes of PBoV in GenBank.The result showed that the specificity of this assay was high without any cross-reaction with PPV,PRRSV and PCV.A good linear correlation was demonstrated in the standard curve for the real-time PCR assay within the range of 10 1 to 10 7 copies / mL,with a correlation coefficient of 0.997.The detection limit the real-time PCR assay was 10 1 copies / mL of positive plasmids,indicating agood sensitivity.This real-time PCR based on TaqMan probe technology is a high sensitive and specific for detecting PBoV.
Polarization switching of stimulated Raman scattering in optical fibers by dual-frequency pumping

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Experiments are presented showing that under dual-frequency, orthogonal-polarization pumping, stimulated Raman scattering in optical birefringent fibers can be suppressed in one of the two fiber axes. For relatively small-frequency spacing and group-velocity mismatch between the pumps, Stokes light is suppressed along the polarization direction of the highest-frequency pump, owing to the orthogonal component of the Raman gain.
Abstract 39: GLP-1 Agonists Improve Cerebrovascular Integrity and Vascular Induced Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Beyond Glycemic Control via Restoration of Brain Pericytes Functions in Diabetic Mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have previously shown that diabetes causes pericyte-dysfunction that leads to loss of vascular integrity and vascular-induced cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), used in the management of type-2 diabetes mellitus, improves cognitive functions in diabetic patients beyond glycemic control, yet the mechanism is unknown. In the present study, we hypothesis that GLP-1 agonist improves VICD through prevention of diabetes-induced pericytes dysfunction in a non-glucose dependent way. Methods: Control and diabetic mice were randomly assigned for saline or Exendin-4 (GLP-1 agonist 30 ng/kg/day), delivered through osmotic pump over 28 days. Vascular integrity was assessed by measuring cerebrovascular neovascularization indices (Vascular density, tortuosity, and branching density). Cognitive functions were evaluated with Barnes maze and Morrison Water maze. Human brain microvascular pericytes, HBMPCs, were grown in high glucose 25 mM/ sodium palmitate 200 uM (HG/Pal) to mimic diabetic conditions. HBMPCs were treated with/out Exendin-4 and assessed for oxidative stress and angiogenic properties. Results: Diabetic mice treated with GLP-1 agonist showed a significant reduction in all cerebral pathological neovascularization indices (P<0.05). Exendin-4 vascular protective effects were accompanied by significant improvement of the learning and memory functions of diabetic mice (P<0.05). Our results showed that HBMPCs expressed the GLP-1 receptor. Treating HBMPCs exposed to diabetic conditions with GLP-1 agonist restored pericyte functions, decreased diabetes-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and migration (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results provide novel evidence that GLP-1 agonist produces neurovascular protective effects in part through targeting pericytes. Restoration of pericyte functions in diabetes represents a novel therapeutic target for diabetes-induced vascular remodeling and VCID.
Effect of fresh gum of asafoetida on the damage reduction of pomegranate fruit moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lep., Pyralidae) in Shahreza City.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Ectomyelois ceratoniae, Carob moth is one of the key pests of pomegranates in Iran. Pomegranate orchards in Shahreza city (Isfahan province) are the host of this pest. Synthetic insecticides can not be used for the control of carob moth because they have biological and behavioral traits. The fresh gum of Ferula assafoetida, a medicinal plant, was examined in two pomegranate orchards to control of this pest. In each orchard 30 trees were treated by fresh gum of Ferula assafoetida. The number of rotten fruites were counted and eliminated every 10 days. The percentage of carious fruites were calculated in the whole of farming season. Independent sample t-test showed significant differences between treatment and control plots. Percentage of rotten pomegranates of treatments was lower than control. Comparison of control and treatment plots data showed lower damage in treatment. Asafoetida fresh gum offers a nonchemical means of pest management.
Individual Differences in Tolerance for Contradiction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article introduces and provides validity evidence for the new individual difference construct of tolerance for contradiction, defined as a mode of thinking that accepts and even thrives on apparent bivalent logical contradictions. In Study 1, which used a sample of 198 undergraduates, convergent and discriminant validity evidence for tolerance for contradiction were obtained via associations with a set of established variables. In Study 2, further validity evidence was obtained and the relevance of tolerance for contradiction in the workplace was demonstrated using a sample of 142 prison officers. Tolerance for contradiction was found to interact with situational judgment ability to affect job performance in the manner as hypothesized. The findings on the nature of the interaction supported the argument that tolerance for thinking may be either adaptive or maladaptive. Limitations and implications of the studies as well as future research directions on the construct of tolerance for contradiction were discussed.
INVOLVING OLDER ADULTS IN RESEARCH – LESSONS FROM 10 YEARS OF IDS-TILDA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Engaged research describes a range of research approaches and methodologies that share a common interest in collaborative engagement and aim to improve, understand or investigate an issue of public interest or concern, including societal challenges. Engaged research is advanced with community partners rather than for or about them. In 2017, the Intellectual Disability Supplement to The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS-TILDA) was chosen as a national exemplar of engaged research by the Irish Universities Association, Campus Engage and the EU-funded SPARKS initiative. IDS-TILDA does not simply describe the lives of people with an intellectual disability; the study is leading the way in both public involvement and translational activities that support health, wellbeing and improved quality of life for people with an intellectual disability, their families and carers. Utilising 10 years of IDS-TILDA, this session will present its sustained approach to public engagement, resulting in significant impacts across sectors.
Cloning and Sequencing Analysis of Avian Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus S2 gene

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

According to the reported S2 spike protein gene sequence of IBV in genbank, two pairs of special primers were designed. After amplifying viral RNA of Mg/Mk/K/T strains by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and cloning into pMD18-T vector, the products were sequenced and analyzed. Sequence analysis showed that full-length of S2 gene was 1 884 bp and the S2 protein was composed of 628 amino acid residues after the gene was translated into amino acids. All the results suggested that they were the S2 gene of IBV. Comparative analysis of the homogeneity of Mg/ Mk/ K and T were 92.3%、94.7% and 94.2%. But homogeneity of Mg and Mk was 97.2%, homogeneity of Mg and K was 96.7%, homogeneity of Mk and K was 99.5%. This suggested that the relation of Mg, Mk and K is very near. The relation of Mg/Mk/K and T strain is far.
ANALYSIS OF INDUCED ISOMETRIC FATIGUING CONTRACTIONS IN BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLES USING MYOTONOMETRY AND SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Viscoelastic properties of skeletal muscle tissue are known to be impacted by fatiguing contractions. In this study, an attempt has been made to utilize myotonometry for analyzing the relationship between muscle viscoelasticity and contractile behaviors in a fatiguing task. For this purpose, thirteen young healthy volunteers are recruited to perform the fatiguing isometric task and the time to task failure (TTF) is recorded. Myotonometric parameters and simultaneous surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals are recorded from the Biceps Brachii muscle of the flexed arm. The correlation between myotonometric parameters and TTF is further analyzed. Cross-validation with sEMG features is also performed. Stiffness of muscle has a positive correlation with TTF in the left hand ([Formula: see text]). Damping property of the nonfatigued muscle is positively associated with the fatigue-induced changes in amplitude features of sEMG signal in the right hand ([Formula: see text]). The normalized rate of change of mean frequency of sEMG signal has a positive correlation with stiffness values in both of the hands ([Formula: see text]). Muscle viscoelasticity is demonstrated to influence the progression of fatigue, although the difference in motor control due to handedness is also found to be an important factor. The results are promising to improve the understanding of the effect of muscle mechanics in fatigue-induced task failure.