jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
HierDAMap: Towards Universal Domain Adaptive BEV Mapping via Hierarchical Perspective Priors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The exploration of Bird's-Eye View (BEV) mapping technology has driven significant innovation in visual perception technology for autonomous driving. BEV mapping models need to be applied to the unlabeled real world, making the study of unsupervised domain adaptation models an essential path. However, research on unsupervised domain adaptation for BEV mapping remains limited and cannot perfectly accommodate all BEV mapping tasks. To address this gap, this paper proposes HierDAMap, a universal and holistic BEV domain adaptation framework with hierarchical perspective priors. Unlike existing research that solely focuses on image-level learning using prior knowledge, this paper explores the guiding role of perspective prior knowledge across three distinct levels: global, sparse, and instance levels. With these priors, HierDA consists of three essential components, including Semantic-Guided Pseudo Supervision (SGPS), Dynamic-Aware Coherence Learning (DACL), and Cross-Domain Frustum Mixing (CDFM). SGPS constrains the cross-domain consistency of perspective feature distribution through pseudo labels generated by vision foundation models in 2D space. To mitigate feature distribution discrepancies caused by spatial variations, DACL employs uncertainty-aware predicted depth as an intermediary to derive dynamic BEV labels from perspective pseudo-labels, thereby constraining the coarse BEV features derived from corresponding perspective features. CDFM, on the other hand, leverages perspective masks of view frustum to mix multi-view perspective images from both domains, which guides cross-domain view transformation and encoding learning through mixed BEV labels. The proposed method is verified on multiple BEV mapping tasks, such as BEV semantic segmentation, high-definition semantic, and vectorized mapping. The source code will be made publicly available at https://github.com/lynn-yu/HierDAMap.
Heart rate variability and sympathovagal balance: pharmacological validation.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

It does not appear justified to evaluate HR or HRV in terms of sympathetic tone, vagal tone, or sympathovagal balance. HR and HRV are specifically weak in assessing sympathetic tone. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia during 15 cycles/min metronome breathing is superior in assessing vagal tone. Current HRV analysis techniques offer no advantages compared with HR in assessing the sympathovagal balance.
Opening Bazin: Postwar Film Theory and Its Afterlife

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Colin MacCabe begins his contribution to Opening Bazin as follows: When I first wrote about Bazin, in Screen in the summer of 1974, I treated him as a theoretically naïve empiricist, a kind of idiot of the family. In fact, what was idiotic was to construct an Althusserian straw man out of Bazin's commitment to the real. Bazin's elegant writing integrated the elements of filmmaking – industry, art, technology – with a depth and sophistication that Screen's analyses desperately needed. (p. 66) MacCabe goes on charmingly eating humble pie for a time, before homing in on his special topic, Bazin's link to literary modernism, with its selfconsciousness about artistic techniques and its commitment to artistic possibilities for complex and multifaceted relations with reality. MacCabe comments: ‘As Hegel somewhere remarked, if you're thinking something, then there's a high probability that a lot of other people are thinking it too’ (p. 66). Indeed they are in this case, and there should be no further call for anyone interested in film to be ‘idiotic’ about Bazin's high intelligence, subtle thinking, passion for films and what they can relay, and constant openness to new material.
The Washback Effects of Arabic Language Final Examination Using the GeSchool Application

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Assessment played a crucial role in developing learning behaviors, with both positive and negative impacts. This study examined the washback effects of the Arabic language final examination conducted through the GeSchool application from Madrasah Sumbar Blended Learning. The research was carried out during the 2021/2022 academic year with 141 twelfth-grade students at MA Muhammadiyah Lakitan, West Sumatra, Indonesia, of which 92 participants were selected using Isaac and Michael's sampling technique. A survey design was employed, with data collected through a self-report questionnaire, participant observation, and documentation. The 25-item questionnaire covered seven domains, including exam preparation strategies, learning attitudes, and instructional materials, and used a 5-point Likert scale. The instrument was validated using Pearson Product Moment Correlation, yielding valid results, while reliability testing produced a Cronbach’s Alpha score of 1.05. Descriptive statistical analysis showed that the mean scores for exam preparation strategies, learning attitudes, and instructional materials were 3.72, 3.81, and 3.79, respectively, categorized as "very good." These findings demonstrated that the assessment generated predominantly positive effects on learning outcomes. This study contributes to understanding the washback effect by highlighting the potential of blended learning platforms, like GeSchool, to improve instructional quality and student engagement in a post-pandemic educational context or modern era.
Presentation_5_Circulating immune cells and vitiligo: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.pptx

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background<p>The pathogenesis of vitiligo remains elusive. Emerging evidence suggests that vitiligo is an immune-mediated disorder, in which a plethora of immune cells play pivotal roles. However, the association between circulating immune cells and vitiligo continues to be enigmatic.</p>Materials and methods<p>We extracted single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with immune circulating cells at a genome-wide significance level from the BLOOD CELL CONSORTIUM’s genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset. Summary data for 385,801 cases of vitiligo were obtained from a large-scale Finnish genome-wide association study (ncases=292, ncontrols=385,509). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary analytical approach for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Additionally, heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q value, and horizontal pleiotropy was evaluated using MR-Egger Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier and leave-one-out analyses.</p>Results<p>The risk of vitiligo was found to increase with the elevation of 4 circulating immune cells, as evidenced by the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): basophils (OR=1.81; 95% CI: 1.01–3.24, p=0.0450), monocytes (OR=1.67; 95% CI: 1.23–2.26, p=0.0009), eosinophils (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.22–2.59, p=0.0028), and neutrophils (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.08–2.54, p=0.0208). After removing outliers, the sensitivity analysis of the above indicators did not show heterogeneity and pleiotropy.</p>Conclusion<p>Our findings illuminate the association between circulating immune cells and vitiligo, offering insights that could guide clinical practices in the treatment of vitiligo.</p>
On Dynamic Real-Time Scheduling of Model Predictive Controllers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper discusses dynamic real-time scheduling in the context ofmodel predictive control (MPC). Dynamic scheduling in this settingis motivated by the highly varying execution times associated withMPC controllers. Premature termination of the optimization algorithmis exploited to trade off prolonged computations versuscomputational delay. A feedback scheduling strategy for multiple MPCcontrollers is also proposed, where the scheduler allocates CPU timeto the tasks according to the current values of the cost functions.Simulated examples show how the overall control performance maybenefit from the application of the proposed schemes.
Ultrasonographic Application in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Pericarditis in Cows

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The present study was conducted on 5 cows diagnosed with late-stage pericarditis based on a combination of clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic, and postmortem examinations. On clinical examination, all the cows were found to be depressed, dyspnoeic, and moderately to severely tachycardic. The main radiographic findings were poor thoracic details and indistinguishable cardiophrenic silhouette. Ultrasonographically, the pericardial sac contained varying quantities of hypoechogenic exudate and echogenic fibrin shreds, which had caused physical compression of the cardiac chambers. The clinical and radiographic findings did not allow a definitive diagnosis of pericarditis, because all of the characteristic signs were not present in every case. Thoracic and abdominal ultrasonography played an important role in the early diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.
Table_4_Dissecting CD8+ T cell pathology of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection by single-cell immunoprofiling.xlsx

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction<p>SARS-CoV-2 infection results in varying disease severity, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe illness. A detailed understanding of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to unravel the causative factors underlying differences in disease severity and to develop optimal vaccines against new SARS-CoV-2 variants.</p>Methods<p>We combined single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing with CITE-seq antibodies to characterize the CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection at high resolution and compared responses between mild and severe COVID-19.</p>Results<p>We observed increased CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell exhaustion in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and identified a population of NK-like, terminally differentiated CD8<sup>+</sup> effector T cells characterized by expression of FCGR3A (encoding CD16). Further characterization of NK-like CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells revealed heterogeneity among CD16<sup>+</sup> NK-like CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and profound differences in cytotoxicity, exhaustion, and NK-like differentiation between mild and severe disease conditions.</p>Discussion<p>We propose a model in which differences in the surrounding inflammatory milieu lead to crucial differences in NK-like differentiation of CD8<sup>+</sup> effector T cells, ultimately resulting in the appearance of NK-like CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell populations of different functionality and pathogenicity. Our in-depth characterization of the CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell-mediated response to SARS-CoV-2 infection provides a basis for further investigation of the importance of NK-like CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in COVID-19 severity.</p>
Targeting Observations Using Singular Vectors

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Singular vectors with maximum energy at final time inside a verification area are used to identify the target area where extra observations should be taken, at an initial time, to reduce the forecast error inside the verification area itself. This technique is applied to five cases of cyclone development in the Atlantic Ocean, with cyclones reaching the British Isles at the final time. Three verification areas centered around this region are considered. First, the sensitivity of the target area to the choice of the forecast trajectory along which the singular vectors are evolved, to the choice of the verification area where singular vector energy is maximized, and to the number of singular vectors used to define the target area is investigated. Results show little sensitivity to the choice of the verification area, but high sensitivity to the choice of the trajectory. Regarding the number of singular vectors used, results based on the first 4 or the first 10 singular vectors are shown to be very similar. Second, the potential forecast error reduction that could be achieved by taking extra observations inside the target area is estimated by contrasting the error of a forecast started from the unperturbed analysis with the error of a forecast started by subtracting so-called pseudo-inverse perturbations (estimated using the leading singular vectors) to the unperturbed analysis. Results indicate that root-mean-square errors in the verification region could be reduced by up to 13% by adding targeted observations. Overall, results suggest that linear models can be used to define the target area where adaptive observations should be taken.
Personality Traits as Predictors towards Readiness to Change among Female Drug Addicts

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Problem statement: Understanding the personality traits among women who are involved in drug addiction is a crucial issue prior to starting any intervention programs.It may provide an indication of their readiness to receive treatment and change this addictive behavior.This study was conducted to examine the predictive relationship between personality traits and readiness to change among women drug addicts in Malaysia.Approach: The study employed survey research involving the administration of two standardized psychological tests which were the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Short Version (EPQ-RS) and the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES).A total of 109 female drug addicts who were undergoing drug treatment in a female rehabilitation center in Malaysia participated in this study.Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.Results: The current study shows that there were significant correlations between the traits of extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism with all the three stages of readiness to change.The study also demonstrated that high extraversion and neuroticism traits significantly predicted the recognition subscale.Conclusion: Being high on neuroticism and low in psychoticism traits significantly predicted the respondents to be ambivalence about changing their addictive behaviors.Likewise, being high on extraversion and neuroticism as well as low on psychoticism significantly predicted the taking steps subscale.
Seasonal breeding of the narwhal (Monodon monoceros L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The narwhal (Monodon monoceros) has been shown to be a seasonal breeder, like the closely related beluga (Delphinapterus leucas). The gestation period is estimated to be about 14 months, while the reproductive cycle is 2 or 3 years. Narwhals appear similar to other odontocetes in those reproductive aspects for which there is information.
Formation Mechanism of Two Types of Polytype Transformation in off-axis 4H-SiC Boules

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The morphology and distribution of polytypes are studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and Micro-Raman spectroscopy. Based on the experimental results, two possible formation mechanisms of foreign polytypes are proposed. One phenomenon is that the polytype transition interface tilts toward the seed crystal plane, which is related to the step flow growth mechanism. By reducing the crystal growth rate at the starting point of the step, this foreign polytypes can be effectively avoided. Another phenomenon is that the polytype transition interface is parallel to the seed crystal plane, which usually occurs in the later growth stage. This is related to the increase of the temperature of the growth front, which is also confirmed by the theoretical simulation results obtained by commercial VR™-PVT SiC software.
The Idea and the Man (a response to Yamabe Shūgaku) (1932)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

These 3 chapters are an exchange between Yamabe Shūgaku 山辺習学 (1882–1944), writing rather generally on “Mahāyāna Buddhism and Japanese Culture” and C.A.F. Rhys Davids, a well-known British exponent of the Pāli or Theravāda tradition of Buddhism. The latter’s writing is marked not only by a decided loyalty to what she presumed to be the oldest traditions of Buddhism, but also by extremely high-flown, not to say adventurous language typical of some enthusiastic religious writing of her period. Yet by her literary devices she was trying to make a serious point about the status of conceptualized doctrine in Buddhism, to which Yamabe was quite able to respond. We see in the contributions of these two Japanese writers, Kaneko and Yamabe, both the opening of Shin Buddhist thinking to the wider tradition of Buddhist thought and, in their responsive formulations, their acceptance of the impact of perceived foreign expectations.
Regression or Classification? Reflection on BP prediction from PPG data using Deep Neural Networks in the scope of practical applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals offer diagnostic potential beyond heart rate analysis or blood oxygen level monitoring. In the recent past, research focused extensively on non-invasive PPG-based approaches to blood pressure (BP) estimation. These approaches can be subdivided into regression and classification methods. The latter assign PPG signals to predefined BP intervals that represent clinically relevant ranges. The former predict systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP as continuous variables and are of particular interest to the research community. However, the reported accuracies of BP regression methods vary widely among publications with some authors even questioning the feasibility of PPG-based BP regression altogether. In our work, we compare BP regression and classification approaches. We argue that BP classification might provide diagnostic value that is equivalent to regression in many clinically relevant scenarios while being similar or even superior in terms of performance. We compare several established neural architectures using publicly available PPG data for SBP regression and classification with and without personalization using subject-specific data. We found that classification and regression models perform similar before personalization. However, after personalization, the accuracy of classification based methods outperformed regression approaches. We conclude that BP classification might be preferable over BP regression in certain scenarios where a coarser segmentation of the BP range is sufficient.
Inverse Modeling Techniques for Parameter Estimation in Engineering Simulation Models

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Computational simulation models are extensively used in the development, design and analysis of an aircraft engine and its components to represent the physics of an underlying phenomenon. The use of such a model-based simulation in engineering often necessitates the need to estimate model parameters based on physical experiments or field data. This class of problems, referred to as inverse problems [1] in the literature can be classified as well-posed or ill-posed dependent on the quality (uncertainty) and quantity (amount) of data that is available to the engineer. The development of a generic inverse modeling solver in a probabilistic design system [2] requires the ability to handle diverse characteristics in various models. These characteristics include (a) varying fidelity in model accuracy with simulation times from a couple of seconds to many hours (b) models being black-box with the engineer having access to only the input and output (c) non-linearity in the model (d) time-dependent model input and output. The paper demonstrates methods that have been implemented to handle these features with emphasis on applications in heat transfer and applied mechanics. A practical issue faced in the application of inverse modeling for parameter estimation is ill-posedness that is characterized by instability and non-uniqueness in the solution. Generic methods to deal with ill-posedness include (a) model development, (b) optimal experimental design and (c) regularization methods. The purpose of this paper is to communicate the development and implementation of an inverse method that provides a solution for both well-posed as well as ill-posed problems using regularization based on the prior values of the parameters. In the case of an ill-posed problem, the method provides two solution schemes — a most probable solution closest to the prior, based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) and a maximum a-posteriori probability solution (MAP). The inverse problem is solved as a finite dimensional non-linear optimization problem using the SVD and/or MAP techniques tailored to the specifics of the application. The paper concludes with numerical examples and applications demonstrating the scope as well as validating the developed method. Engineering applications include heat transfer coefficient estimation for disk quenching in process modeling, material model parameter estimation, sparse clearance data modeling, steady state and transient engine high-pressure compressor heat transfer estimation.
Hemodialysis Product and Hip Fracture in Hemodialysis Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Japan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Some have raised concerns that longer and more frequent hemodialysis (HD) would be associated with bone fractures due to excess phosphate removal. We examined the effects of hemodialysis product (HDP) on hip fracture incidence among Japanese HD patients using registry data of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy. During a 1‐year study period, 1411 hip fractures occurred among 135 984 patients. After adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, patients with a high HDP did not show a significant risk of hip fracture. Interestingly, patients with polycystic kidney disease had a lower risk of hip fracture. Our findings did not support the hypothesis that patients undergoing longer and more frequent HD would face a higher risk of hip fracture than those undergoing shorter and less frequent HD. Polycystic kidney disease was identified as a new significant factor for hip fracture; relative to glomerulonephritis, this condition was associated with a lower risk of hip fracture.
Search for Supersymmetry at the LHC

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Searches for supersymmetry at the ATLAS and CMS experiments are discussed. The analyzed data were recorded at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 at a center of mass energy of 13 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of up to 3 fb$^{-1}$ per experiment. No physics beyond the standard model has been observed. Different inclusive and specialized analysis strategies targeting various signal scenarios are introduced. The analysis sensitivities are summarized as exclusion contours for different simplified signal model spectra and compared to the previous 8 TeV results.
Runtime Techniques for Automatic Process Virtualization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Asynchronous many-task runtimes look promising for the next generation of high performance computing systems. But these runtimes are usually based on new programming models, requiring extensive programmer effort to port existing applications to them. An alternative approach is to reimagine the execution model of widely used programming APIs, such as MPI, in order to execute them more asynchronously. Virtualization is a powerful technique that can be used to execute a bulk synchronous parallel program in an asynchronous manner. Moreover, if the virtualized entities can be migrated between address spaces, the runtime can optimize execution with dynamic load balancing, fault tolerance, and other adaptive techniques.