jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lermontovization, or the Form of Emotion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores Dmitrii A. Prigov's “existential urge” to rewrite Pushkin's Evgenii Onegin in 1992. The urge was “endorsed” by Mikhail Lermontov–a figure who, according to Prigov, allowed him to discuss Pushkin's successors as romantics, and described his Onegin experiment as a “Lermontovization” of Pushkin. “Lermontovization” constituted a mechanism for the automatic generation of a text in which Prigov could insert one of his two chosen words (‘insane’ or ‘unearthly’) in the place of Pushkin's epithets in a purely mechanical way, thus tackling the underlying mechanisms of artistic creation, in which emotions and affects play an important role. Lermontov's appropriation by Prigov, and his transformation into a kind of “double” for Prigov can be explained by means of the rather peculiar interpretation of Lermontov offered by Boris Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum in his 1924 book, Lermontov: A Study in Historical‐Literary Evaluation . For Eikhenbaum, Lermontov is important as a figure who represents the radical completion of a previous literary period whose potential for development has been completely exhausted. His task was to put an end to the organic form, focusing on the separate, super‐emotional elements of poetry that were dislodged from that organic form. Sincerity was replaced by Lermontov's frank and energetic emotivism, which was combined with shameless borrowing of impressive metaphors and images from other poets. The genre of “Lermontovization,” which was introduced by Lermontov and adopted by Prigov, constitutes a collage in which “authorship” per se is abolished, and the sincerity that accompanies it is, in turn, superseded by a hypertrophied emotivism–a form of affective detachment from oneself. The subjective is transformed into an objective form, and this allows the two poets to destroy the organic semantic structures of their respective preceding traditions.
The Influence of Cylindrical Specimen Size and Material Properties on the Distribution of Deformation during Torsion Test

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Torsion tests allow to study the rheological properties of various materials, including properties in hot state, as well as they allow to conduct physical simulations of real material forming processes, including processes of intensive and alternating deformation. However, it is often a question what size the specimen should have to perform torsion test accurately. The article aims to study the influence of cylindrical specimen size on the distribution of deformation during torsion test. For this purpose, computer simulation of the torsion testing process was performed. The influence of the relative length of the specimen gauge on the deviation of the actual values of the effective strain from the calculated values was quantified. It is shown that the error in the calculation of the effective strain, based on the values of the twist angle and the specimen gauge size, is of 4%. In order to verify the results obtained by computer simulation, the physical simulation was performed. It is shown that the distribution of deformation along the length of the specimen gauge is also significantly influenced by the accuracy of specimen manufacture, as well as the specimen material. In some cases, the error in the calculation of the effective strain, based on the values of the twist angle and the specimen gauge size, can reach more than 80%.
Executing real-time structured analysis specifications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a prototype system, Teamwork/ES&trade;, that executes a real-time structured analysis specification in an interactive, intuitive, and graphical manner. The approach has been to integrate the work as an extension of an accepted real-time analysis environment. This integrated, graphical system is different from previous textual or tool-kit systems, and offers a natural way of simulating system specifications. The system can also perform dynamic reachability tests and deadlock detection. Additionally, the execution is run orthogonally to the viewing and editing of analysis objects.
On the link between weather regimes and energy shortfall during winter for 28 European countries

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Increasing the proportion of energy generation from renewables is one of the necessary steps towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, renewable energy sources such as wind and solar are highly weather sensitive, leading to a challenge when balancing energy demand and renewable energy production, and therefore in managing energy shortfall. Identifying periods of high shortfall, here defined as when electricity demand significantly exceeds production by renewables, and understanding how these periods are affected by weather, is therefore critical. We use a previously constructed energy dataset derived from reanalysis data for a fixed electricity system to analyse the link between weather regimes and periods of high shortfall during the boreal winter for 28 European countries. Building on previous work we provide a perspective spanning from the subcontinental scale to individual countries. For each country we identify days with critical energy conditions, focusing on those with high energy demand, low production from wind and solar, and high energy shortfall. We show that high shortfall is more driven by demand than by production in countries with colder climates or less installed wind generation capacity, and is more driven by production than by demand in countries with warmer climates or more installed wind generation capacity. Of the six North Atlantic weather regimes considered here, only a subset are found to favour the occurrence of high shortfall days. In particular, blocking-type weather regimes affect large parts of Europe, suggesting that shortfall days can occur across multiple countries simultaneously. Furthermore, if a subset of countries experience shortfall days, neighbouring countries have a higher likelihood of also experiencing shortfall days. Motivated by this result, we examine the hypothetical impact the coldest European winter of the 20th century, 1962/63, would have had on the present-day energy system. It is found that the persistent blocking conditions associated with that winter, if they occurred today, would lead to higher demand and shortfall across large parts of Europe during most of the winter, and would be extreme in this respect compared to other winters.
Notes on the Lepidocarpaceae

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Members of the Lepidocarpaceae are characteristic of the Eur-American floral province and are known to be present in both the Lower and Upper Carboniferous. Both in western Europe and in America recent records have added to our knowledge of this plant family, and it is now possible to present a discusison of the classification and evolution of the groups included in the lepidocarp alliance. It is the purpose of this paper to call attention to some of the bio-characters2 which appear to be important in distinguishing lepidocarp genera but which have not been given equal consideration by different authors, thereby leading to some ambiguities and conflicting conclusions. It is hoped that this review will lead to greater consistency of treatment and to more rapid progress in understanding the geological and biological history of this group of plants.
Operation of Dinorwig pumped storage station on the UK National Grid system

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

: The present operating regime of Dinorwig was decided upon after extensive investigation into the system economic and security considerations. A description of these considerations is given in the paper together with a review of actual operating experience to date. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DINORWIG AND ITS ASSOCIATED POWER SYSTEM STUDIES UNDERTAKEN TO DEFINE OPERATING MODES OF DINORWIG DINORWIG OPERATING EXPERIENCE IMPACT OF PRIVATISATION
Antagonism of discriminative stimuli produced by anxiogenic drugs as a novel approach to bioassay anxiolytics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Antagonism of selected agonist‐type drugs is an approach commonly employed to identify new drug activity. In the search for new anxiolytics, drug antagonism has not been a drug development tool in the past because of the lack of a suitable anxiogenic agonist for routine use. Recently, a number of anxiogenic drugs have been described. Pentylenetetrazol is one of those drugs. This review provides a critical examination of pentylenetetrazol with regard to its suitability as an agonist of anxiety that may be used routinely to predict and bioassay anxiolytic activity of novel molecules. In addition, drug discrimination is presented as a novel tool to measure objectively a specific animal activity which shows the same pharmacological properties as the subjectively perceived symptom of anxiety in human subjects. It is believed that the antagonism of an interoceptive discriminative stimulus produced by pentylenetetrazol may be a reliable and sensitive procedure to identify anxiolytic drugs of the future.
A thematic analysis of the personal factors influencing mental health help‐seeking in farmers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Purpose It is crucial to understand the micro‐level personal factors that impact farmer mental health help‐seeking, given that farmers are at increased risk of suicide yet show reduced mental health help‐seeking behaviors. Methods Ten farmers, 10 farmers’ partners, and 8 general practitioners (ie, family physicians) from Australia completed qualitative semi‐structured interviews. Braun and Clarke's method of thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings The analysis resulted in 4 themes: “mental health literacy,” “stigma of mental illness and help‐seeking,” “support, the partners’ role in help‐seeking,” and “the intersectionality between being a farmer, age, and gender.” Farmers’ knowledge and understanding of mental health and treatments was varied. Stigma was reported to be reducing, but still present toward both mental illness and mental health help‐seeking. Support from a partner was reported to facilitate help‐seeking if delivered tactfully. Lastly, being older and male were reported to negatively impact farmer mental health help‐seeking. Conclusion The findings contribute to understanding farmer mental health help‐seeking and could inform quantitative research and the development and implementation of interventions to promote mental health help‐seeking in this group.
Glycemic control in the coronary care unit: Prognostic value and new therapeutic strategies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndromes are widely interconnected. Individuals with type 2 diabetes are more likely than non-diabetic subjects to experience silent or manifest episodes of myocardial ischemia as the first presentation of coronary artery disease. Insulin resistance, inflammation, microvascular disease and a tendency to thrombosis are common in these patients. Intensive blood glucose control with intravenous insulin infusion has been demonstrated to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in critically ill hyperglycemic patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Direct glucose toxicity likely plays a crucial role in explaining the clinical benefits of intensive insulin therapy in such critical patients. However, the difficult implementation of nurse-driven protocols for insulin infusion, able to achieve more rapid and effective blood glucose control without significant episodes of hypoglycemia, has led physicians to consider alternative drugs for this purpose. New intravenous or oral agents include the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1, its analogs, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, which potentiate the activity of glucagon-like peptide-1 and thus enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Improved glycemic control with protective effects on myocardial and vascular tissue, with lesser side effects and a better therapeutic compliance may represent an important therapeutic potential for this class of drugs in acutely ill patients in general, and in patients with acute coronary syndromes in particular. Such drugs should be known by practicing cardiologists for their possible use in intensive care units in the years to come. © 2008 AIM Publishing Srl.
Dynamical non-Hermitian systems: Fingerprints and pure-dephasing-induced protection effect

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Non-Hermitian systems have shown promising potential for realizing quantum information tasks that lack counterparts in the Hermitian realm. Understanding the dynamical characteristics of non-Hermitian systems as reflected in information-theoretic quantities is essential for advancing their applications. Here we investigate dynamics of trace distance and concurrence, which quantify information flow and entanglement, respectively, in non-Hermitian qubit systems exhibiting either parity-time or anti-parity-time symmetry. We identify dynamical fingerprints from the system density matrix which provide a unified explanation to the common oscillation and relaxation dynamics shared by trace distance and concurrence observed in existing studies. We further investigate the fate of dynamical fingerprints under the impact of pure dephasing. Surprisingly, we find that pure dephasing can slow down the inherent relaxation of information flow and entanglement in non-Hermitian systems with unbroken anti-parity-time symmetry, suggesting a passive environment-assisted information protection in this class of non-Hermitian systems. Our findings enhance our understanding of dynamical non-Hermitian systems and have specific relevance to their information-oriented applications.
Single Beat Estimation Of Right Ventricular End-systolic Elastance In Patients Undergoing Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A recent study has shown that left ventricular (LV) end-systolic elastance (E,) , a load independent parameter of contractility, could be estimated from a single ejecting beat by estimating peak isovolumic pressure (IP ). The purpose of this study was to appyy this method to the human right ventricle. In patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, these estimated values were compared to results obtained from preload altering by vena cava occlusion. The correlation coefficient between estimated and experimentally measured IP was 0.85. Estimated E, approximateTexperimenta1 E,, in six 08 nine experiments.
A novel ATG4B antagonist inhibits autophagy and has a negative impact on osteosarcoma tumors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Autophagy has been implicated in the progression and chemoresistance of various cancers. In this study, we have shown that osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells lacking ATG4B, a cysteine proteinase that activates LC3B, are defective in autophagy and fail to form tumors in mouse models. By combining in silico docking with in vitro and cell-based assays, we identified small compounds that suppressed starvation-induced protein degradation, LC3B lipidation, and formation of autophagic vacuoles. NSC185058 effectively inhibited ATG4B activity in vitro and in cells while having no effect on MTOR and PtdIns3K activities. In addition, this ATG4B antagonist had a negative impact on the development of Saos-2 osteosarcoma tumors in vivo. We concluded that tumor suppression was due to a reduction in ATG4B activity, since we found autophagy suppressed within treated tumors and the compound had no effects on oncogenic protein kinases. Our findings demonstrate that ATG4B is a suitable anti-autophagy target and a promising therapeutic target to treat osteosarcoma.
Organic solar cells featuring nanobowl structures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Although organic solar cells having a bilayer configuration provide continuous conducting pathways for carrier transport to the requisite electrodes, their efficiencies have remained low because of the short exciton diffusion lengths of organic semiconductors. In this paper, we describe unique spatial organic solar cells featuring nanobowl array structures that capture more light and generate more power than planar organic solar cells. To construct bilayer solar cells, we used electrochemical deposition (with polystyrene beads as the template) to fabricate poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanobowl arrays, functioning as the hole extraction layer, on indium tin oxide substrates and then deposited copper phthalocyanine and a fullerene (C60 or C70) to function as the active layer, onto the nanobowl arrays. By implementing this spatial structure, we could control the active layer's thickness, such that it would be suitable for exciton dissociation, while maintaining a high absorption of incident light (by increasing the absorber volume without decreasing the area of the donor–acceptor interface, such that the light path in the active layer was increased) and ensuring high exciton dissociation efficiency (by enlarging the donor–acceptor interface). Relative to an equally thick planar control active layer the photocurrent generated by such bilayer solar cells increased by approximately 90%.
Inferior Vesical Fissure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyClinical Urology: Case Report1 Oct 1995Inferior Vesical Fissure P.* Johnson, Y.K. Sarin, R. Kapoor, and K.J. Mammen P.* JohnsonP.* Johnson More articles by this author , Y.K. SarinY.K. Sarin More articles by this author , R. KapoorR. Kapoor More articles by this author , and K.J. MammenK.J. Mammen More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66900-3AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Inferior Vesical Fissure." The Journal of Urology, 154(4), p. 1478 References 1 : Variations in exstrophy of the bladder.. J. Urol.1962; 88: 766. Abstract, Google Scholar 2 : Transplantation of the ureters into the rectosigmoid for exstrophy of the bladder: review of 41 cases.. J. Urol.1947; 57: 693. Abstract, Google Scholar 3 : Variants of exstrophic complex.. Urol. Clin. N. Amer.1980; 7: 493. Google Scholar Department of Surgery, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India.© 1995 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 154Issue 4October 1995Page: 1478 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1995 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information P.* Johnson More articles by this author Y.K. Sarin More articles by this author R. Kapoor More articles by this author K.J. Mammen More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Rich environments, dull experiences: how environment can exacerbate the effect of constraint on the experience of boredom

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We examined the hypothesis that boredom is likely to occur when opportunity costs are high; that is, when there is a high potential value of engaging in activities other than the researcher-assigned activity. To this end, participants were either placed in a room with many possible affordances (e.g. a laptop, puzzle, etc.; affordances condition; n = 121), or they were ushered into an empty room (control condition; n = 107). In both conditions participants were instructed to entertain themselves with only their thoughts (hence, participants in the affordances condition were to refrain from engaging with the available options). As predicted, participants in the affordances condition reported higher levels of boredom compared with those in the control condition. Results suggest that under some conditions, environments that afford alternative activities may be more boring than those that are void of such activities.
The Determination of Microbial Biomass

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The soil biota represents 1-3% of the soil carbon and 3-5% of soil nil trogen. The microbial component, often ranging from 100 to &gt; 1000 µ,g C g-1, is usually considered to contain those soil organisms not visible without magnification. It includes nematodes, protozoa, filamentous and yeast forms of the fungi, microalgae, and bacteria. The bacteria, in turn, contain great diversity, including the actinomycetes, archae, and chemo- and photolithotrophs plus many still uncultured forms. Often the effects of climate, landscape, soil type, and management on ecosystem functioning and nutrient dynamics in the environment are most easily interpreted through the highly responsive microbial component. Microbial biomass acts both as a nutrient reservoir and as a catalytic force in decomposition, and is crucial for understanding nutrient fluxes within and between ecosystems (Smith and Paul 1990). Microbial biomass can also be a sensitive indicator of environmental toxicity attributable to pesticides, metals, and other anthropogenic pollutants. Because microbial biomass is a sensitive indicator of many belowground components and interactions, it is an important measurement for cross-site comparisons in ecosystem studies.
During negative selection, Nur77 family proteins translocate to mitochondria where they associate with Bcl-2 and expose its proapoptotic BH3 domain

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Apoptosis is an essential process in eliminating superfl uous or potentially dangerous cells in multicellular organisms ( 1 ).Dysregulation of this evolutionarily conserved mechanism could lead to cancer, autoimmunity, or degenerative disorders.Apoptosis plays an especially important role in regulating and establishing the T cell repertoire during T cell development.Developing immature T cells or thymocytes are subject to selection based on the binding avidity between their TCR and self-peptide -MHC complexes.Thymocytes that strongly recognize self-peptide -MHC undergo apoptosis through a process termed negative selection, whereas a weak recognition of self-peptide -MHC results in survival and further development.Negative selection ensures that thymocytes leaving the thymus are tolerant to the host ' s own proteins and thus contributes to prevention of autoimmunity.Mice with a mutation in AIRE , a gene essential for expression of " tissue-specifi c " antigens in thymic antigen-presenting cells, exhibit severe autoimmunity due to the defective process of antigen presentation for negative selection ( 2 ).The signal transduction pathways leading to negative selection in thymocytes are not fully understood.Previous work has implicated only a few molecules, including MINK, JNK, and p38 kinases as well as the downstream eff ector molecules Bim, a Bcl-2 proapoptotic member, and the Nur77 family of transcription factors ( 3,4 ).Null mutation in Bim or expression of a dominant-negative Nur77 protein resulted in a partial rescue of cells destined to die through negative selection ( 5 -7 ).The molecular relationship between these pathways, however, is not clear, and how Nur77 causes thymocyte cell death remains to be elucidated.Nur77 is an orphan nuclear steroid receptor that belongs to the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily ( 4 ).The Nur77 family consists of Nur77, Nor-1, and Nurr1.In thymocytes and T cells, expression of only Nur77 and Nor-1 is induced in response to strong engagement of the TCR and correlates with apoptosis ( 8 ).Although Nur77 Ϫ / Ϫ mice have no phenotype, redundancy with Nor-1 is the likely explanation ( 8, 9 ).Overexpression of a
Michel Foucault, Postmodernity, Nietzsche, and Buddhism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: This paper introduces some strands of thought that may account for Foucault thinking along the lines of post-modernity: existential concern with his homosexuality, Nietzschean ideas on transvaluing and overcoming of ressentiment, interest in Zen Buddhism and process thought, and an openness to cultural history and non-linear thinking.