jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reasons for the study of medicine and dental medicine in the first year students of the Faculty of medicine in Ljubljana

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: In addition to clinical knowledge, communication skills and sovereign decision making, a good doctor is also expected to posses Aim: In addition to clinical knowledge, communication skills and sovereign decision making, a good doctor is also expected to posses professional values, including the ability to establish empathic relationships with patients.
The purpose of the study was to identify the reasons that lead students to choose the study of dental medicine/medicine, and determine the level of emphaty in relation to the choice of study in the first year students of the Faculty of Medicine in Ljubljana.
Methods: For the needs of the research we developed a questionnaire, which included basic data on students, their reasons for choosing the study of medicine or dental medicine and the Jefferson scale of empathy–version for students (JSE-S version with a modified scale with 16 arguments). The questionnaire was forwarded to all 227 first-year students in the academic year 2014/15 at the completion of the Communication course.
Results: The study involved a total of 216 (response 95.2 %) students; 158 medical students and 58 students of dental medicine. Among the reasons for enrollment to the Medical Faculty, the highest proportion of medical students indicated a desire to help people (85.3 %), a desire to improve human health (78.8 %) and a desire to work with people (64.7 %); 28.8 % of the medical students chose the argument „because employment is guarantee”, while 14.1 % of medical students believed the argument „because it is well paid“ was the reason to choose the study of medicine.
The students of dental medicine most often choose the following answers: a desire to help people (87.9 %), a desire to improve human health (74.1 %), followed by a desire to work with people (65.5 %). The argument “because employment is guaranteed” convinced 50 % of the students, and the argument “because the pay is good” convinced 46.6 %.
Three claims were significantly associated with self-assessment of empathic stance: the arguments “because I want to help people” (91.08 ± 10.65 vs. 86.61 ± 12.56; p = 0.037) and »because I want to work with people” (91.82 ± 10.18 vs. 87.90 ± 12.11; p = 0.012) were associated with a greater self-assessmentwhile the argument “because the pay is good” (91.36 ± 11.41 vs. 87.29 ± 9.01; p = 0.023) was associated with a lower self-assessment of empathic stance.
Conclusion: Students who want to help people have higher level of self-assessment of empathic stance. The task of a medical faculty is to ensure that students whose choice of study is based on their humanist values are encouraged to have those values further developed and put into practice during their study.
Fibronectin in the olfactory mucus increases sensitivity of olfactory receptor response to odorants

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Olfaction is a highly sensitive chemical detection system, but the origins of this sensitivity remain poorly understood. In terrestrial vertebrates, inhaled odorants diffuse through olfactory epithelial mucus (OEM) before activating olfactory receptors (ORs) on olfactory sensory neurons and initiating adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP)–mediated signaling. Impaired OEM secretion is associated with impaired olfactory sensitivity in humans and mice, but it remains unclear whether OEM directly improves sensitivity and whether specific active factors exist. Here, using a cAMP imaging–based heterologous OR expression assay, we demonstrate that fibronectin from human OEM increases the sensitivity of OR response to odorant. Fibronectin application partially restores electrical olfactory response of the mouse olfactory epithelium after OEM removal. In humans, OEM fibronectin levels are significantly decreased in patients with idiopathic olfactory disorder. These findings shed light on the role of OEM fibronectin in olfaction and may lead to sensitivity-enhancing additives for odorant sensors and treatments for hyposmia.
The formation of the executive secretary that acts as university theacher

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Os cursos de graduação em Secretariado Executivo surgiram para atender a uma demanda cada vez maior por profissionais qualificados, que satisfaçam as exigências impostas pelas mudanças constantes no mundo globalizado. Com a atualização e aperfeiçoamento dos cursos de graduação surge a necessidade de profissionais para atuar na área do ensino em Secretariado. Objetivou-se investigar a formação dos profissionais de Secretariado Executivo que atuam na docência universitária. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário voltado para professores universitários que possuem graduação em Secretariado Executivo, atuantes como docentes em Instituições de Ensino Superior do Brasil. Após a análise dos resultados, inferiu-se que a formação desses profissionais ocorre, principalmente, na graduação bacharelado a qual não tem como foco a preparação para a docência. Os docentes fundamentam os seus conhecimentos para o ensino na experiência da prática profissional e nos cursos de pós-graduação. A pesquisa evidenciou a existência de lacunas a serem preenchidas pelos professores bacharéis em Secretariado no que se refere aos conhecimentos docentes visto que a graduação, a vivência profissional e os cursos de pós-graduação não são suficientes para a construção de saberes pedagógicos.
Pemphigus vulgaris and infections - A retrospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pemphigus Vulgaris is an autoimmune disease and is treated with immunosuppressive therapy.This reason but either the fact that the skin is not intact are predisposition factors why patients with Pemphigus vulgaris are predisposed to infections.We aimed to study the frequency of infections, categorical and numeric variables related to infection, in Pemphigus vulgaris s patients admitted to dermatology service.This retrospective study was conducted on 130 patients diagnosed with Pemphigus vulgaris and hospitalized at Dermatology Clinic during the year 2020 -2022.The diagnosis of Pemphigus vulgaris was confirmed by biopsy and indirect/direct immunofluorescence findings.Data were collected through the charts in the Statistics Department, in UHC "Mother Teresa", Tirana, Albania.130 patients (70 males, 60 females) were hospitalized in UHC " Mother Theresa) during the period 2020-20122.48.69% of patients had infections.The occurrence of infection was significantly related to the severity of the disease, multiple admissions, and hospitalization duration.The most frequent infections encountered: are skin infections, urinary infections, pulmonary infections, and opportunistic infections (candida).The most common pathogenic germs isolated from cultures were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.Infections are the most common complication among patients treated for Pemphigus vulgaris.Patients with longer duration disease and hospitalization have a higher probability to develop infections, mainly skin infections.Due to the limitations of a retrospective study, we recommend a prospective study.
An All Digital CMOS Serial Link Transceiver with 3x Over-sampling Based Data Recovery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An all digital CMOS serial link transceiver with 3x over-sampling based data recovery circuit is presented in this paper. The modified data recovery circuit is simpler than those using 3x over-sampling recovery circuit in (Chih-Kong Ken Yang et al., 1998) and (Chih-Kong Ken Yang and Horowitz). An all digital DLL (delay locked loop) is used to generate the multiphase clocks and a new CPRD (coarse phase-difference range decision) unit is introduced here to reduce the lock time. The whole design's feasibility is verified by the Verilog HDL modeling. And the DLL's performance is simulated by HSPICE in SMIC 0.18mum CMOS technology. The simulation results show that the system is workable. The data recovery's latency of the transceiver is reduced to 5 cycles and the whole system can hold about 1Gbps data bit rate in the worst case
Access and socioeconomic status play an important role in outcomes for African American patients with prostate cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We would like to congratulate Riviere et al on their study of longitudinal data from 60,035 men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) between 2000 and 2015,1 which highlighted that access to care is an important determinant of racial inequity. In their study, African American (AA) men who were diagnosed with PCa in the Veterans Affairs health system did not appear to present with more advanced disease or to experience worse outcomes compared with non-Hispanic white men. It is gratifying that this work by Riviere et al1 validates work by our group and others that over a decade ago demonstrated that socioeconomic status and access to health care explained the differences in lower treatment rates and poorer outcomes noted among AA men with PCa.2-4 Although PCa diagnosed in AA men may be biologically different (which perhaps is reflected in the higher incidence of PCa noted among AA men3), the study by Riviere et al1 demonstrated that response to treatment and outcomes are no different between racial groups. Initiatives to enhance AA men's access to care and early diagnosis may not only overcome racial disparities in outcomes, but also shed light on the influence of tumor biology in the incidence of PCa among AA men. It also is timely that Riviere et al concluded that “it is plausible that equal-access health care coverage plays an important role in outcomes for these [African American] patients.”1 As the Veterans Affairs model and Medicaid are a testament to, access is an entirely surmountable risk. However, it is important to remember that access is just one element of the socioeconomic disparity that exists in PCa care.3 Initiatives to comprehensively address this disparity, including education to improve health literacy, are needed urgently. No specific funding was disclosed. Ashutosh K. Tewari holds the following patents: Urethral Catheterless Radical Prostatectomy, DNA Based Bicistronic Vectors with Inducible and Constitutive Promoters (ID# 160608), High Intensity Focus Ultrasound and CPG-Brachyury siRNA for Treatment of Prostate Cancer (ID#160403), and Catheterless Device and Approach; serves as an advisor to and owns equity in the form of stock certificates in Promaxo, a privately traded company that develops magnetic resonance imaging technology with a focus on prostate cancer; and has received financial support from the Global Prostate Cancer Research Foundation, Kalyani Prostate Cancer Institute, Prostate Cancer Foundation, Roivant Sciences, Blank Family Foundation, Intuitive Surgical, Department of Defense (DOD), AxoGen Inc, Oncovir Inc, National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Kite Pharma, Lumicell Inc, Dendreon, and Poly ICLC. The other authors made no disclosures.
SH1651717.08FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Essential Oil Compositions of Subspecies of Scutellaria Brevibracteata Stapf from Turkey

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Scutellaria L., with nearly 400 species, is one of the largest genera of the family Lamiaceae. In the last taxonomic treatment conducted by the first author, the genus Scutellaria has been evaluated as a genus with 33 taxa consisting of 25 species, 1 hybrid species and 13 subspecies in the Flora of Turkey. Turkish Scutellaria species are classified under three sections: section Scutellaria, section Salviifoliae and section Lupulinaria. We have here studied essential oil composition of the subspecies of S. brevibracteata belonging to the section Scutellaria. In the Anatolian traditional medicine, there is no more information on usage of Scutellaria except for the usage for constipation, hemostatic, tonic and wound healing, due to lack of its aromatic odour.Dried the aerial parts of three subspecies of Scutellaria brevibracteata Stapf from Turkey were hydrodistilled. The chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), simultaneously. The subspecies of S. brevibracteata investigated here as follows: S. brevibractetata Stapf subsp. brevibracteata, S. brevibractetata Stapf subsp. subvelutina (Rech.f.) Greuter &amp;amp; Burdet and S. brevibractetata Stapf subsp. pannosula (Rech.f.) Greuter &amp;amp; Burdet.According to the results of analyzing, β-caryophyllene (22.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (16.0%) were determined as the main components in S. brevibractetata subsp. brevibracteata oil. In S. brevibractetata subsp. subvelutina oil, β-caryophyllene (28.3%), linalool (12.4%), hexadecanoic acid (10.8%) were found as major constituents. β-caryophyllene (36.4%), a-cadinol (9.8%), d-cadinene (7.0%) linalool (5.3%) were identified as major component in the oils of S. brevibractetata subsp. pannosula.
Molecular Effect of Variants in Serotonin Transporter Gene in Women with Alcohol Use Disorder

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The dysregulation of the serotonin system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of alcohol use disorders. Meta-analytic evidence suggests a significant correlation between genetic variation in the serotonin transporter gene and the risk of alcohol dependence. Hence, we aimed to analyse the association between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and alcohol use disorder in a group of women and to perform an interaction analysis of 5-HTTLPR variants, personality traits, and AUD. The study group comprised 213 female volunteers; 101 were diagnosed with alcohol addiction, and 112 were not dependent on any substance or behaviour. The 5-HTTLPR variants were identified by PCR, and the resulting products were separated electrophoretically. When comparing the AUD group with the controls, we observed significant differences in the distribution of 5-HTTLPR genotypes (p = 0.0230) and alleles (p = 0.0046). We also observed a significant impact of the 5-HTTLPR genotype (p = 0.0001) on the Neuroticism and Extraversion (p = 0.0037) scales. Additionally, there was a statistically significant impact of 5-HTTLPR genotype interaction and alcohol dependency or lack of it on the Neuroticism scale (p < 0.0001). The observed interaction suggests that the effect of the 5-HTTLPR on neuroticism may be exacerbated or attenuated in the presence of alcohol addiction. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the precise nature of this interaction. Still, it potentially indicates a gene–environment interaction where the genetic predisposition conferred by the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism interacts with the environmental stressor of alcohol dependence to influence neuroticism.
Perioperative Desensitization Improves Outcomes Among Crossmatch Positive Recipients of Deceased Donor Renal Transplants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Context: Graft failure due to chronic rejection is greater among renal transplant patients with donor-specific antibody (DSA) than among DSA-free patients. For patients dependent on deceased donor transplantation, preoperative desensitization to eliminate DSAs may be impractical. We speculated that perioperative desensitization might eliminate preexisting DSAs and prevent de novo DSAs and improve graft outcomes. We report that brief perioperative desensitization using either intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasmapheresis/IVIG (PP/IVIG) treatment improves clinical outcomes among patients with positive crossmatches. Design: Immediately following deceased donor transplantation, 235 renal recipients were assigned points for PRA and flow crossmatches (FCXM): delayed graft function (DGF) ≤ 1 point received standard therapy; 2 points received high-dose IVIG; and ≥3 points received PP/IVIG. The DSAs were serially monitored by single antigen bead luminex for 1 year. Five-year clinical outcomes were determined from the chart review. Results: All desensitized patients had preoperatively positive FCXM with DSA. Rejection was more common ( P < .05) among desensitized than nonsensitized groups. However, overall graft survivals were similar between the groups ( P = not significant) and superior to historic untreated patients ( P < .05). Treatment with PP/IVIG more effectively eliminated preexisting DSAs (67% vs 33%, P < 0.05) than IVIG, but neither regimen prevented de novo formation of DSA (20%, P = not significant). Graft survival was >90% in all desensitizated patients with DSA elimination as well as PP/IVIG patients with residual DSA. In contrast, IVIG patients with persistent DSA had poorer graft survival (45%, P < .05). Conclusion: Preemptive perioperative desensitization improved overall graft survival of sensitized patients compared to historic untreated patients. Plasmapheresis/IVIG had greater impact on DSA eradication and graft survival than IVIG alone.
Comparison of Human Papilloma Virus Results in Women with and without Atopic Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Virus infected cells are destroyed by the natural immune system. However, HPV genotype and concomitant diseases are effective in HPV persistence. The aim of the study is to compare HPV screening results between patients with and without atopic disease. Methods: This cross-sectional controlled study was conducted between August 2019 February 2020 in a tertiary research hospital. Patients between the ages of 30-65 with allergic complaints were diagnosed “atopic disease” by same clinician. HPV test results were compared to healthy controls. Subgroup atopic disease diagnoses, duration of illness, treatments regimes and treatment time of the patients in the study group were also questioned and recorded. Results: A total of 239 women were recruited (121 study and 118 controls). Of recruited 121 atopia diagnosed women, 65 had rhinitis,9 had urticaria, 20 had asthma and remaning 27 had both rhinitis and asthma. 9 patients in control group and 7 patients in study group were HPV positive. No cervical carcinoma was reported. The mean duration of atopia was 50 months (12-360). 78 patients were treated medicaly while 43 were vaccinated during medical therapy Conclusion: HPV test results of groups were similar. No extra screening schedules are needed for patients with atopic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis or urticaria.
A STUDY ON THE POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF 4 GENERA OF FAMILY ERICACEAE IN NORTHEAST OF CHINA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pollen morphology of 6 species, 1 variety and 1 form of 4 genera (Cham aedaphne Moench., Ledum Linn., Phyllodoce Salisb., Vaccinium Linn. ) of family Er icaceae, distributing in northeast of China ,was examined in the light microsc op e(LM) and with the scanning electron microscope(SEM). All of the pollen grains o f the 4 genera are characterized in tetrahedral tetrad. Pollen grains of the 4 g enera are spheroidal or subspheroidal with 3-colporates, which shaped as half-c olpi due to two neighborly grains of tetrahedral tetrad link together. Exine is composed with two layers in LM. The ornamentation of the exine is reticulate or granulate. The mean size of the pollen grains ranges from 34.0 to 43.7μm. Pol len grains are diverse in size and in ornamentation of the exine. These can be taken as the characters for identification of species.
Annexin 1 Modulates Monocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction In Vitro and Cell Migration In Vivo in the Human SCID Mouse Transplantation Model

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effect of the glucocorticoid inducible protein annexin 1 (ANXA1) on the process of monocytic cell migration was studied using transfected U937 cells expressing variable protein levels. An antisense (AS) (36.4AS; ∼50% less ANXA1) and a sense (S) clone (15S; overexpressing the bioactive 24-kDa fragment) together with the empty plasmid CMV clone were obtained and compared with wild-type U937 cells in various models of cell migration in vitro and in vivo. 15S-transfected U937 cells displayed a reduced (50%) degree of trans-endothelial migration in response to stromal cell-derived factor-1α (CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)). In addition, the inhibitory role of endogenous ANXA1 on U937 cell migration in vitro was confirmed by the potentiating effect of a neutralizing anti-ANXA1 serum. Importantly, overexpression of ANXA1 in clone 15S inhibited the extent of cell migration into rheumatoid synovial grafts transplanted into SCID mice. ANXA1 inhibitory effects were not due to modifications in adhesion molecule or CXCL12 receptor (CXCR4) expression as shown by the similar amounts of surface molecules found in transfected and wild-type U937 cells. Likewise, an equal chemotactic response to CXCL12 in vitro excluded an intrinsic defect in cell motility in clones 15S and 36.4AS. These data strongly support the notion that ANXA1 critically interferes with a leukocyte endothelial step essential for U937 cell, and possibly monocyte, transmigration both in vitro and in vivo.