jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Michael addition of alpha-fluoro-alpha-phenylsulfonyl ketones to nitroolefins catalyzed by phenylalanine-based bifunctional thioureas

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Phenylalanine-based bifunctional thiourea derivatives promoted the asymmetric Michael addition of afluoro-
a-phenylsulfonyl ketones to nitroolefins, affording enantiomerically enriched fluorine-containing multifunctional molecules containing adjoining chiral fluorine-substituted quaternary and tertiary centers in good yields and enantioselectivities.
Distributed SIR-Aware Scheduling in Large-Scale Wireless Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Opportunistic scheduling and routing can in principle greatly increase the throughput of decentralized wireless networks, but to be practical they must do so with small amounts of timely side information. In this paper, we propose three techniques for low-overhead distributed opportunistic scheduling (DOS) and precisely determine their affect on the overall network outage probability and transmission capacity (TC). The first is distributed channel-aware scheduling (DCAS), the second is distributed interferer-aware scheduling (DIAS), and the third generalizes and combines those two and is called distributed interferer-channel-aware scheduling (DICAS). One contribution is determining the optimum channel and interference thresholds that a given isolated transmitter should estimate and apply when scheduling their own transmissions. Using this threshold, the precise network-wide gain of each technique is quantified and compared. We conclude by considering interference cancellation at the receivers, and finding how much it improves the outage probability.
"Safe, effective, and potent." Conquering Polio at the University of Michigan School of Public Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The story of the eradication of polio in the United Stats is well known. \nHowever, the role played by the University of Michigan School of Public Health \n(UMSPH) is not as familiar. This poster highlights the achievements of the \nUMSPH in carrying out one of the most successful vaccination campaigns in \nhistory, which eventually led to the conquest of polio. This poster, presented at the 2016 Medical Library Association Conference in Toronto, Canada tells the roll played by U-M School of Public Health.
A study of online video animation vs live specimen based learning in pathology practicals - A randomised experimental cross sectional study in MBBS 2nd year students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There are a lot of changes that are happening in the field of Medical Education. Gone are the days where only lecture used to happen and the whole batch of students used to attend the same. But then when the Covid hit us, we had to look into ourselves. We had to use whatever methods possible to teach effectively. The students were sent home and it became really difficult to teach them online. But video based animations were used to teach. But was it effective? What was the student’s perception? To know the answer to this question this effort has been put.
Studies on the Effect of Pulsed Magnetic Field on the Productivity of Algae Grown in Dye Industry Effluent

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Magnetic fields are capable of eliciting in vivo and in vitro effects in many biological systems.Increasing attention is being directed towards bio-electromagnetic stimulation using the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields (PMF).Currently, microalgae have been considered to be the most promising candidates for biomass production.PMF may affect organisms in both negative and positive manner which includes acceleration of growth and metabolism.The present study deals with the studies on the effect of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) on the productivity selected micro algae Desmococcus sp.grown in the dye industry effluent.Desmococcus sp. was grown in photo bioreactors (1L) with a pulsed magnetic field facility.The magnetic field is set in a circular form from which the solenoid coil system set to a highly homogenous sinusoidal magnetic field intensity of 3mg for a period of 4hrs duration per day for 12 days.Aeration and light (intensity 2000-3000lux) have been provided for 12hr per day.Division rate, growth studies and physicochemical parameters have been analyzed that gave positive results by reducing the BOD, COD and the nitrates level in the effluent.By the end of the 12 th day the effluent colour changed and a two fold increase in the algal biomass productivity in the dye effluent treated with PMF exposure is observed.
Mechanisms for sustainable accountability : a case study of a nonprofit educational organization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A qualitative case study of the capacity to be accountable in one nonprofit \nintennediary educational organization yielded an emergent conceptual framework of four \nmechanisms: structural, governing, communicative, and educative mechanisms to build \nand sustain the capacity of accountability. Drawing attention to the purposeful creation of \nstructures that support accountability, purposeful navigation of the complex matrix of \naccountability relationships, and purposeful transfer of knowledge to infonn future \naccountability, this study calls for mindfulness in practice in broader educational \ncontexts. Protocols to pass on knowledge gained in building the four capacities reveal a \nnew dimension of accountability: continuity. In this model, the educative mechanism is \nthe life force that feeds the other three mechanisms to increase accountability and sustain it over time.
Congenital Cataract: Etiology and Morphology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT In a study of congenital cataract in northern India, 76 patients (146 eyes) were evaluated for morphological patterns and etiology. Partial cataracts were found to be three times more common than total cataracts, the lamellar types being the most common among the partial cataracts. Hereditary cataracts had a 19.7*/£ incidence. The majority (46.05'/· ) of cases of congenital cataract were of idiopathic origin. A few cases were associated with metabolic disorders (Marian's and Marchand's). Strabismus and nystagmus were the most common associated ocular abnormalities (28.94'/? and 15.79'/f ), and mental retardation was the most commonly associated systemic abnormality. Rubella cataract was seen far less frequently than expected.
Precordial activation sequences from low frequency analysis in left bundle branch block patients: left bundle branch area pacing vs right ventricular pacing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) provides a more synchronous and physiological ventricular activation than conventional right ventricular pacing (RVP) in LBBB patients. QRS duration (QRSd) is the standard measurement for assessing depolarization synchrony, but it only provides information about the activation time and not about the activation sequence. Purpose Our aim is to assess the activation sequence by precordial activation delay (pAD) using a low-frequency (LF) ECG method comparing baseline and paced ECG in LBBAP and RVP patients. Methods Twelve-lead ECGs recordings were acquired from 29 patients with LBBB (16 LBBAP and 13 RVP) after 24 hours of sequential LBBAP or RVP. LF-ECG was employed for QRS-complex analysis. The activation time for each lead was computed and an activation sequence constructed by linking them. pAD was calculated as the time between the first and the last lead activation. pAD provides information about both, the delay in ventricular depolarization as indicated by its magnitude, and the depolarization direction (as it can take a positive or negative value indicating a left or right ventricle delay, respectively). Results At baseline, both groups (LBBAP and RVP) showed the latest activation at V5-V6, supported by positive median pAD values with no statistically significant differences between both groups (50 (21, 65) vs. 54 (17, 67) ms, p=0.93). LBBAP reduced V6 delay and pAD values compared to the baseline QRS (basal: 50 (21, 65) vs. paced: 2 (-18, 25) ms, p&lt;0.001) while RVP did not exhibit any difference (basal: 54 (17, 67) vs. paced: 36 (19, 53) ms, p=0.33). LBBAP provided lower pAD values when compared to RVP (2 (-18, 25) vs. 36 (19, 53) ms, p&lt;0.01). Conclusions pAD measured using a LF-ECG analysis is a feasible method to evaluate depolarization synchrony and provides complementary information to QRSd. In contrast to RVP, LBBAP generates a physiological ventricular activation sequence in patients with LBBB.Baseline patients characteristicsVentricular activation sequences and pAD
[Biological evaluation of experiments in rats of Australian and Italian talc aggressiveness].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In order to evaluate biological effects of Austrian and Italian talc, pulmonary and hemolytic tests as well as pathomorphological examinations were performed. 120 Wistar rats divided into 5 groups were given intratracheally 50 mg of the examined talc dust suspended in 0.5 ml of 0.9 NaCl. The control group received one 0.5 ml dose of NaCl. The observation periods were 6 and 9 months. Then the biochemical tests for hydroxyproline content in the lung were carried out along with patho-morphologic tests to evaluate the fibrogenic activity of the talcs examined. In animals the intratracheal insufflation of talc dust causes inflammatory changes within the bronchi and lungs. On the basis of biochemical examination of lung homogenates, the differences in the hydroxyproline content were determined. After 6 months the symptoms of chronic inflammation and cellular modules developed. Within another 3 months the symptoms of chronic atrophic inflammation in the bronchi were observed and cellular modules containing dust particles were detected in the lung. Hemolytic test revealed a slightly higher degree of aggressiveness of the Austrian talc.
Methanogenesis and its mitigation in ruminants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rumen micro-organisms play a crucial role in all ruminants for efficient utilization of complex plant materials. As by-product of rumen anaerobic fermentation, methane is emitted which is considered to be a potent global warming agent and most abundance in concentration, after carbon dioxide. Improved economic states and increasing human population will inflate animal product demands, culminating in elevated levels of methane emissions from livestock component of agriculture sector. Methods to reduce enteric methane include genetic manipulations, use of feed additives, defaunation, plant secondary metabolites and dietary alterations. Some strategies are highly valuable in terms of methane reductions but more intensive in-vivo research studies are required for their practical use and on-farm implementations. Ideal method would reduce methane levels effectively without altering optimum productive capacity of animal and its overall performance.
The use of suicide gene systems in vascular cells in vitro

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To investigate the efficiency of suicide gene systems on vascular cells,HSV-tk/GCV and EC-CD/5-FC systems were established on vascular endothelial cells in vitro by retroviral transduction.Both modified cell lines were highly sensitive to prodrugs,the IC50 for GCV was less than 0.4 μM,and IC50 for 5-FC was less than 75μM,while the parental endothelial cells were insensitive even at the highest concentrations of prodrugs in this experiment.Mixed cellular assay showed that significant bystander effect was exhibited in modifed endothelial cells,when only 10% or 30% of the mixed cells were tk positive and exposed to 20μM GCV for 6 days.more than 60% or 90% of the wholoe polulation was killed.Similar result was also found in CD positve cells.These results indicated that both HSV-tk/GCV and EC-CD/5-FC systems could efficiently suppress endothelial cell growth in vitro.
Sağlık turistlerinin aldıkları sağlık hizmetleri sonucundaki deneyimlerinin değerlendirilmesi: düzenleyici odak eğilimlerinin rolü.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to classify international medical tourists in Turkey as promotion focused and prevention focused according to regulatory focus theory and to investigate whether there is a relationship between their orientations and their post-experience evaluations. While examining it, the relationship among perceived destination image, perceived service quality, perceived value, overall satisfaction and behavioral intentions are investigated and then, the factors affecting post-experience evaluations of both promotion and prevention focused medical tourists are revealed. The model is tested by using surveyed data from 124 international medical tourists, who chose to come to Turkey. The results indicated that perceived service quality and perceived value are the direct antecedents of overall satisfaction, though the effecting factors change depends on medical tourists’ orientations. In addition, perceived service quality and overall satisfaction have significant impacts on behavioral intentions, while perceived value has no significant direct influence on behavioral intentions for both promotion and prevention focused patients. This study aims to contribute to the literature by analyzing the effects of regulatory orientations of international medical tourists on their post-experience evaluations.
Examining the incentive mechanism of multi-value co-creation in PPP projects: A trust-based perspective

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The value co-creation is the true success of PPP projects. However, the traditional static governance based on project performance cannot cope with the lengthy process of value co-creation in PPP projects; as a result, the strategic asset of partnership has not been fully developed and utilized. This article takes the partnership in PPP projects as the starting point, defines the new connotation of the multi-value of PPP projects, introduces the trust parameter and establishes a contract incentive model based on the game theory which is a two-dimensional integration of contract and trust, and comprehensively analyzes the impact of the optimal incentive coefficient, optimal effort level, and trust level on the creation of cooperation value and overall project benefits by both parties through the establishment of a dual incentive game model of contract and trust. It provides path selection for promoting effective cooperation between the government department and social capitals to co-create project value.
Interrogating the place of Iks embodied in proverbs as a guide in love and family life counseling in contemporary Zimbabwe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present paper sought to establish the extent to which the Indigenous Knowledge Systems â€˜IKSâ€™,
preserved in Shona proverbs, as opposed to other knowledge systems, are relevant in counseling
contemporary Zimbabwean youths on issues relating to love courtship and marriage and family life conflicts.
Through desktop research, the questionnaires and focused group discussions methods, the researchers
compiled an inventory of proverbs that embody IKS or traditional wisdom. An interrogation of these proverbs
clarifies the distinction between IKS and other knowledge systems. The role of proverbs as a repository of
IKS relevant in the counseling of youths today at strategic stages is asserted and the writers dispel the myth
that IKS are static and backward. Proverbs are proved to be a relevant guide in â€˜matters of the heart. The
writers conclude that with appropriate adjustments, IKS based counseling will remain as relevant today and
tomorrow as it was in the past. Furthermore, the writers conclude that IKS can help uphold values that
promote the sanctity of marriage and the family unit in Zimbabwe.
Changing the Global Trade Structure: From ‘Harmonization’ to a New ‘Interface Principle’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses a body that is central to the operations of the global political economy but is on the periphery of the UN system. The new World Trade Organization (WTO), and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), were each created in different eras to regulate global trade and encourage its gradual liberalization. Before examining what the WTO is and how it should be reformed, it is necessary to survey the present situation of global trade and determine its likely direction in the near future. This chapter first offers a brief description of the present state of global trade. Second, it considers arguments in favour of and against the WTO as the important body regulating global trade. Third, it discusses the future of the WTO in light of present ambiguity of current developments in the trade structure. Finally, it develops the argument that we should be greatly concerned about the movement towards bilateral, regional and even multilateral free trade, including ongoing developments in the WTO.
Use of clinical alerting to improve the collection of clinical research data.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Data errors in electronic health records have been shown to have the potential to adversely impact the conclusions drawn from clinical research. We prospectively studied the efficacy of a new alert to infer errors in previously stored data and to decrease the frequency of data entry errors, in an attempt to improve the quality of data for clinical trials. For the purpose of this study, we monitored data entry errors in height or weight measurements. We predetermined the criteria for probable error as a ten percent variance from a patient's reference value. The care provider entering a value satisfying our error criteria received a disruptive pop-up alert message. The study revealed a significant decrease in the frequency of data errors stored in the EHR, from 2.4% before the alert to 0.9% after the alert. These findings have implications for the development of clinical research trial data collection support tools.
Miscellaneous Naturally Derived Anticancer Agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Secondary metabolites of natural origin exhibit numerous pharmacological activities, like anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Lipid peroxidation has been observed to be prevented by terminating free radical chains and chelating redox active metal ions. These properties of the secondary products can also aid in preventing carcinoma. Many traditional and emerging plants are blessed with plenty of unexplored phytometabolites, which contain the probability to carry huge antineoplastic potential. Acetogenins are anticancer compounds that kill tumor cells through a variety and series of developmental methods. They are very powerful apoptosis inducers that can regulate the exclusion of chemotherapy medicines from cancer cells. Chalcone is a pharmacologically active molecule that can be found in both natural and manufactured products. Marine species, which are also examples of naturally derived drug sources, such as algae, sponges, tunicates, and bryozoans, have emerged as important components of choice for the separation of novel anticancer drugs obtained from marine sources. Bacteria of marine origin are the source of new drug discoveries and therapeutic targets, which are being explored to unprecedented heights, and they have proven to be sources of various medicinal agents, such as antibiotics, etc. Numerous secondary metabolites have been isolated from marine fungi that were active biologically, structurally unique, and also therapeutically beneficial. So far, almost 1000 secondary metabolites have been found, the majority of which are exclusive to lichens. This mini-review discusses different aspects related to the natural derivatives obtained from various sources, which play a pivotal role as anti-neoplastic agents.
Political Benefits of Program Participation: The Case of Community Crime Prevention

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

:This article explores the effects of citizen participation in policy through a case study of the implementation of a community crime-prevention program in Chicago. Although the program was successful in soliciting and maintaining citizen involvement, it produced little in the way of hoped-for crime-prevention outcomes. However, in at least one case, residents became more involved in the political life of their neighborhood, while their community organization mobilized participants to seek responses for neighborhood problems from local political institutions. This article will examine some of the conditions under which the political benefits of program participation are likely to be enhanced. This study suggests that researchers measuring the effects of citizen participation need to define outcomes broadly, by distinguishing between programmatic and political consequences, and need to use qualitative as well as quantitative measures to detect unanticipated effects.
Bringing Contextual Dimensions into Improvement of Information System Development Practices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Significant attention has been paid to the improvement of system development practices. There are theories and methods that are to be used for such improvement purposes. The criticism towards these theories and methods is that many of them have a narrow focus on the system development process, methods, and tools. Too little attention is paid to business orientation, organisational aspects and social factors. In this paper we present a framework that goes beyond this narrow focus in order to serve as a support for directing focus during improvement of system development practices. The development of the framework has been driven by experiences derived from four action research projects focusing on the improvement of system development practices. Generated categories from these experiences have been validated theoretically and internally through a multi-grounded theory development process in order to arrive at a practical theory.