jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Romantic Relationships in Japan: A Lens for Social Policy Recommendation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The current trends in mating show a concerning shift, with young people increasingly choosing singlehood over long-term commitment or starting families, which could lead to demographic challenges. However, addressing these problems requires understanding how people define relationships. This study explores the social representations of short-term and long-term romantic relationships to inform social policy. A survey of 112 participants (44.6% male, mean age 23.27) was conducted. As this is a qualitative research study, this sample size is sufficient to provide an exploration of the topic. The findings revealed that: (i) “love” is central to both relationship types, (ii) “sex” is more important in short-term relationships, (iii) short-term relationships emphasize “fun” and “passion,” while long-term ones prioritize “trust,” “marriage,” and “stability,” and (iv) “marriage” is universally valued, but “family” is less significant. Based on these findings, six social policies are proposed to improve relationship education, support diverse dynamics, and address gender disparities and economic stability within long-term relationships.
Control and coreference in early child language

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study investigated the relationship between control and coreference using an act-out task involving 81 children ranging in age from 3;1 to 8;0 and eight adults ranging in age from 30 to 55. The results replicated previous findings in revealing five developmental stages in children's interpretation of PRO, an empty pronominal element. A significant relationship was observed in the patterns of children's interpretation of forwards sentences containing PRO and those containing overt pronouns. However, there was no relationship in the development of restrictions on control and restrictions on coreference.
The responses of photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence to changes of irradiance and temperature in two species of Miscanthus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Photosynthetic CO2 uptake and chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence of C4 perennial grasses, Miscanthus floridulus (Labill) Warb and M. transmorrisonensis Hayata, from altitudes in central Taiwan of 390 and 2700 m, respectively, were studied at 10 and 25 °C to find if the species differ in their photosynthetic responses to a low temperature, and whether their photosystems 2 become more susceptible to the photoinhibition at low temperatures. For both species, the maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax) was reduced when the leaves were exposed to 10 °C. At irradiances higher than 400 µmol m-2 s-1, the values of Fv/Fm were reduced in both species at 10 °C but not at 25 °C, which indicated the photoinhibition at 10 °C. Reductions in Pmax and the values of Fv/Fm at 10 °C were lesser in M. transmorrisonensis than in M. floridulus.
Tobacco Use Increases the Adjusted Risk of Revision Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Large epidemiologic studies have suggested that a history of tobacco use may be associated with an increased risk of developing chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The impact of tobacco use on revision rates of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), however, remains limited. Objective This study seeks to define the independent risk of tobacco use (active or prior) on revision rates of ESS among a large cohort of patients with CRS. Methods A state population database was queried for patients age ≥18 years with CRS who underwent at least one ESS between 1996 and 2018. Demographic characteristics, history of ESS, and tobacco use status were compared across patients with CRS, using t tests for continuous variables and χ 2 tests for categorical variables. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to understand the impact of tobacco status on revision surgery. Results The final analysis included 34 350 patients (29 916 CRS with no revision surgery and 4434 CRS with revision surgery). Unadjusted regression analysis demonstrated an increased odds of undergoing revision ESS (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00–1.25, P = .05) among males with a history of tobacco use and CRS. Adjusted regression analysis demonstrated that the risk of revision ESS among CRS patients with a history of asthma and tobacco use was 1.72-fold, while the risk among CRS patients who were tobacco users without asthma was 1.11-fold. Conclusion History of tobacco use is an independent risk factor for revision ESS among patients with CRS.
Aldosterone enhances renin gene expression in juxtaglomerular cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The secretion and synthesis of renin as the key regulator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are directly controlled by ANG II in the sense of a negative feedback. Because we found that renal afferent arterioles including the juxtaglomerular portion express the mineralocorticoid receptor, we aimed to characterize a possible direct effect of aldosterone on renin synthesis and renin secretion at the level of renal juxtaglomerular cells. Aldosterone (100 nM) clearly enhanced renin mRNA levels in primary cultures of mouse juxtaglomerular cells prestimulated with isoproterenol (100 nM) but had no effect on the exocytosis of stored renin. Similarly, in the mouse juxtaglomerular cell line As4.1, aldosterone time and concentration dependently increased renin mRNA abundance and prorenin secretion up to 2.5-fold. Moreover, aldosterone potentiated cAMP-induced renin gene expression in As4.1 cells. The effect of aldosterone was inhibited by spironolactone and was mimicked by corticosteroid hormones but not by sex steroids. Aldosterone had no influence on basal renin promoter activity but increased the renin mRNA half-life about threefold. In summary, these data suggest that aldosterone exerts a direct positive effect on renin gene expression at the cellular level probably by stabilizing renin mRNA.
Multiple downy mildew effectors target the stress‐related NAC transcription factor LsNAC069 in lettuce

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary To cause disease in lettuce, the biotrophic oomycete Bremia lactucae secretes potential Rx LR effector proteins. Here we report the discovery of an effector‐target hub consisting of four B. lactucae effectors and one lettuce protein target by a yeast‐two‐hybrid (Y2H) screening. Interaction of the lettuce tail‐anchored NAC transcription factor, Ls NAC 069, with B. lactucae effectors does not require the N‐terminal NAC domain but depends on the C‐terminal region including the transmembrane domain. Furthermore, in Y2H experiments, B. lactucae effectors interact with Arabidopsis and potato tail‐anchored NAC s, suggesting that they are conserved effector targets. Transient expression of Rx LR effector proteins BLR 05 and BLR 09 and their target Ls NAC 069 in planta revealed a predominant localization to the endoplasmic reticulum. Phytophthora capsici culture filtrate and polyethylene glycol treatment induced relocalization to the nucleus of a stabilized Ls NAC 069 protein, lacking the NAC ‐domain (Ls NAC 069 Δ NAC ). Relocalization was significantly reduced in the presence of the Ser/Cys‐protease inhibitor TPCK indicating proteolytic cleavage of Ls NAC 069 allows for relocalization. Co‐expression of effectors with Ls NAC 069 Δ NAC reduced its nuclear accumulation. Surprisingly, Ls NAC 069 silenced lettuce lines had decreased Ls NAC 069 transcript levels but did not show significantly altered susceptibility to B. lactucae . In contrast, Ls NAC 069 silencing increased resistance to Pseudomonas cichorii bacteria and reduced wilting effects under moderate drought stress, indicating a broad role of Ls NAC 069 in abiotic and biotic stress responses.
Purification and partial characterization of an esterase from Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis strain ACA-DC 127

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An esterase from Lactococcus lactis spp lactis strain ACA-OC 127, isolated from Greek Feta cheese, was purified on OEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100.The enzyme had a molecular weight of 68 000, with an optimum activity on 4-nitrophenyl butyrate at pH 8.0 at 45 oC with Km = 1.11 mmoLl-l.The esterase was capable of degrading synthetic substrates of low molecular weight.It was strongly inactivated by PMSF.1,1O-phenanthroline and EOTA had no effect on enzyme activity.The bivalent cations Hg2+and Cu2+inhibited the esterase activity. Laetoeoeeus laetis ssp laetis 1esterase 1purification 1activity 1characterizationRésumé -Purification et caractérisation partielle d'une esté rase intracellulaire de Lactococeus lactis spp lactis, souche ACA-OC 127.Une estérase intracellulaire d'une souche Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis AGA-DG 127, isolée du fromage grec féta, a été purifiée sur DEAE-cellulose et Sephadex G-100.L'enzyme a un poids moléculaire de 68 000.Son activité est optimale pour le butyrate de 4-nitrophénol à un pH 8,0 et à la température de 45 °G avec une Km = 1,11 mmot.r".L'action hydrolytique de l'estérase est spécifique pour les substrats synthétiques de faible poids moléculaire.L'enzyme est inactivée en présence de PMSF.Le 1,10-phénanthroline et l'EDTA n'ont aucune influence sur l'activité de l'enzyme.Les cations bivalents Hg2+ et Cu2+inhibent l'activité de l'estérase. Lactococcus lactis spp lactis 1estérase 1purification 1activité 1caractérisation
THE STEREO LINE PLOTTER A NEW THIRD ORDER INSTRUMENT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The S.L.P.-1 is a third-order instrument that enables a topographer, using elevations in the four corners of the stereo model as control, to draw contours rapidly on photographs. This it does by the use of a plane of parallel lines that intersects the model and serves as the measuring system. Instead of removing parallax from the model, the operator deforms the plane of lines to fit the deformed surface of the model. The instrument is inexpensive and can be adapted to a number of special uses.
Determining the level of impact of kickboxers at the stage of preliminary basic training

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The best measure of an athlete's fitness status is his athletic performance, measured in seconds, kilograms or meters. It is more difficult to determine the state of training of wrestlers, where the result of the fight depends not only on the state of training of the athlete, but also on the sportsmanship of his opponent. Therefore, the diagnosis of the state of training in martial arts, where the scale of the results of the fight is narrow and alternative - or victory or defeat, remains quite problematic. Kickboxing is a dynamic type of martial arts that has gained recognition in many countries around the world, including Ukraine. The means of achieving victory in kickboxing are techniques - strikes at full strength with hands, feet, knees, in accordance with the rules of the competition. The goal is to determine the level of special work of kickboxers at the stage of preliminary basic training. Materials and methods: the study involved twenty kickboxers who were at the stage of preliminary basic training. The analysis of data of special scientific and methodical literature was carried out, pedagogical observation (chronodynamometry) was carried out, methods of mathematical statistics were applied. Results: the level of special work of kickboxers at the stage of preliminary basic training is determined. Conclusions. The level of specialized blasting in hand strikes in most athletes is satisfactory for this stage of training. However, some athletes have a lower level of specialized blasting than possible, which indicates the need to pay more attention to the development of speed and strength qualities in hand strikes. This test provides an opportunity to objectively monitor the level of creatine phosphate performance in hand strikes and will be used by us in further research.
[Fundamental and clinical studies of aztreonam in pediatric infections].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fundamental and clinical studies were carried out with aztreonam (AZT), a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, in pediatric infections. Results were as follows. The mean half-lives in the vein blood were 1.09 hours, 1.18 hours, 1.22 hours after injection, when the doses were 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Dose response was observed. The average recovery rates in the urine between 0 and 6 hours were 40.2%, 42.3%, 50.8% when the doses were 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. The antibacterial activity of AZT against 16 clinical isolates were determined in comparison with those of ABPC, CPZ, LMOX and CTX. Against 8 clinical isolates of E. coli and 3 of H. influenzae, the activity of AZT was equal or superior to that of CPZ, LMOX and CTX, and way by far superior to that of ABPC. Twenty-three pediatric patients received AZT in doses ranging from 48 to 79 mg/kg divided 3 times a day; 12 cases of urinary tract infection, 9 cases of respiratory tract infection and 2 cases of bacterial enterocolitis. The rate of clinical effectiveness was 100%. No side effect was observed. Slight elevation of GOT and GPT were observed in 2 cases, increase of platelet count in 2. All were considered to be transient and mild.
Influence of Citric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide on Postharvest Quality of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L. ‘Pearl’) Cut Flowers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Quality of cut flowers is an important issue at postharvest as well as an important factor contributing to marketing of and profitability from the tuberose. In this study, the effects of citric acid (CA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) added to the vase water on postharvest quality of tuberose cut flowers were investigated. CA was applied in concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400 mg·dm −3 and H 2 O 2 in concentrations of 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg·dm −3 and distilled water as control treatment. Results showed that both compounds had significant positive effects on solution uptake, wilting and abscission of florets, relative water content, chlorophyll content, and vase life duration. The effects of 100 and 200 mg·dm −3 of CA and 20 and 40 mg·dm −3 of H 2 O 2 proved to be more effective than other treatments. Both compounds increased the vase life of tuberose cut flowers and CA at concentrations 100 and 200 mg dm −3 and H 2 O 2 at concentrations 20 and 40 mg dm −3 doubled this time up to 14-17 days.
A Novel Mangled Upper Extremity Injury Assessment Score

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Managing mangled upper extremity injuries is a challenging problem because multiple tissue components including soft tissue, muscle, tendon, bone, nerves, and vessels are involved. The complexity of these injuries has hindered the development of accurate scoring systems and treatment algorithms. Methods: Patients with mangled upper extremities presenting to a metropolitan level 1 trauma center in New York City over a 10-year period were identified. A mangled upper extremity was defined as any injury to ≥3 tissue components involving the extremity proximal to the digit. Results: The injuries and outcomes of 76 patients were evaluated and used to create a Mangled Upper Extremity Score (MUES). One point was assigned for each of the following injury characteristics: patient age >40, fasciotomy needed, bony fixation required, bony defect present, revascularization required, crush injury mechanism, degloving or avulsion injury present, and a soft tissue defect >50 cm 2 . The MUES correlated with the number of complications ( P value = 1.96 × 10 −7 ) and length of hospital stay ( P value = 3.95 × 10 −7 ). Next, a Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) equivalent was calculated for each patient. There was no correlation between the MESS and the number of complications ( P value = 0.92) or length of hospital stay ( P value = 0.35). Conclusions: Existing extremity scoring systems, including the MESS, are not reliable in predicting the success of limb salvage attempts or outcomes of mangled upper extremity injuries. The MUES developed in this study correlates significantly with important outcome measures including the number of hospital complications and length of hospital stay.
Quadrupole shape dynamics from the viewpoint of a theory of large-amplitude collective motion

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Low-lying quadrupole shape dynamics is a typical manifestation of large\namplitude collective motion in finite nuclei. To describe the dynamics on a\nmicroscopic foundation, we have formulated a consistent scheme in which the\nBohr collective Hamiltonian for the five dimensional quadrupole shape variables\nis derived on the basis of the time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory.\nIt enables us to incorporates the Thouless-Valatin effect on the shape inertial\nfunctions, which has been neglected in previous microscopic Bohr Hamiltonian\napproaches. Quantitative successes are illustrated for the low-lying spectra in\n$^{68}$Se, $^{30-34}$Mg and $^{58-64}$Cr, which display shape-coexistence,\n-mixing and -transitional behaviors.\n
Field Guide: Morphometric Visualization and Characterization of Selected Foodborne Pathogens Using Advanced Imaging Techniques

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

This paper aims to present the phenotypic characteristics, such as length, width, circular diameter, volume, surface area to cross-sectional area ratio, surface uniformity, and surface texture, of the foodborne pathogens Salmonella enterica serovar Agona, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter jejuni. It is a novel “field-guide” presentation of the observable morphological characteristics of these four species in the form of a Dichotomous Key. Phenotypic values of the pathogens were measured using a high-accuracy, nano-level-resolution 3D laser confocal scanning microscope. All samples were fixed with glutaraldehyde and stained with methylene blue, ensuring morphological preservation. The images of the pathogens were captured under various imaging modes, including 3D, laser, and transmission electron microscopy resolutions. Results show that these pathogens exhibit distinct morphological and surface properties, with Campylobacter jejuni showing unique features. The dichotomous key shows a simplified way of classifying selected foodborne pathogens from their morphometric properties. The morphometric measurements, in many instances first reported in the literature, and images provide a readily observable way to identify and classify microorganisms, allowing researchers to potentially study evolutionary relationships, assess species diversity, and understand how organisms interact with their environment, especially when genetic information is limited or difficult to obtain.
Using Microeconomic Spending Traits to Inform Trends in Utilization of Cosmetic Procedures by Race and Ethnicity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: Cosmetic plastic surgery in the United States is underutilized by African American and Hispanic populations compared with their White and Asian counterparts. This study evaluated whether microeconomic spending traits as a representation of financial stability can inform trends in cosmetic procedure volumes by racial group. Methods: Annual volumes for the top five cosmetic surgical and cosmetic minimally invasive procedures by racial/ethnic group from 2012 to 2020 were collected from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons’ annual reports. Factor analysis was used to calculate inflexible and flexible consumer spending by racial/ethnic groupings from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics’ consumer expenditure data. All four factors were calculated across US Bureau of Labor Statistics–defined racial/ethnic groupings and standardized so they could be interpreted relative to each other. Results: Compared with the other groupings, the White/Asian/other grouping spent significantly more on average for inflexible consumer spending ( P = 0.0097), flexible consumer spending ( P < 0.0001), cosmetic surgical procedures ( P < 0.0001), and cosmetic minimally invasive procedures ( P = 0.0006). In contrast, African American people spent significantly less on average for all four factors (all P < 0.01). For Hispanic people, values were significantly less on average for flexible consumer spending ( P = 0.0023), cosmetic surgical procedures ( P < 0.0001), and cosmetic minimally invasive procedures ( P = 0.0002). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that inflexible and flexible consumer spending follow trends in utilization of cosmetic surgical and minimally invasive procedures by racial/ethnic groups. These microeconomic spending inequities may help further contextualize the racial/ethnic variation in access to cosmetic surgery.
Electrodeposition of Both Carbon Nanotube and Glucose Oxidase on Pt Eectrode Using a Dispersed Electrolytic Solution

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Immobilization of the enzyme is one of the most critical processes for the fabrication of an enzyme sensor, since it will highly influence properties of the obtained sensor. Various procedure have been proposed for a the preparation of glucose sensor, such as covalent attachment, cross-linking, hydrogel entrapment, polymer film entrapment, and the combination of two or more methods. Among the various techniques, the electrodeposition method is interesting owing to its simple preparation, miniaturization, and precise localization of enzyme. On the other hand, nanocarbons (NCs), such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphenes, are extremely attractive in biosensor application, since they can combine properties of the high surface area, high stability and good electrical conductivity. However, NCs is not soluble in aqueous solution, which is the least media to dissolve enzyme without reducing its activity. The use of surfactants is a candidate to preparer a disperse NCs in enzyme solution, while this may also reduce the enzyme activity. Therefore, processes of enzyme immobilization and NCs immobilization are commonly performed separately using different solutions. In this study, stable dispersed solutions of glucose oxidase (GOx) and multi-walled CNT were developed using gellan gum, which is a polysaccharide manufactured by microbial fermentation used widely as a gelling agents. By using this CNT/GOx dispersed solution, both CNT and GOx were successfully immobilized on Pt-Ir electrode by a simple step of applying a constant potential of 1.3 V（vs. Ag/AgCl) to the electrode in this solution. The electropolymerization of o -phenylenediamine was followed in order to increase the stability of enzyme-immobilized electrode. The CNT/GOx immobilized electrode performed as a glucose sensor with a high sensor sensitivity. This indicate that the introduction of CNT in GOx-immobilized film increased the efficiency of electron transfer between the electrode and generated hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the reproducibility of electrode fabrication was satisfactorily improved by the use of gellan gum compared with that using Triton X-100 as a dispersing agent.
CDC Raezer green field pea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Warkentin, T. D., Vandenberg, A., Tar'an, B., Banniza, S., Arganosa, G., Barlow, B., Ife, S., Horner, J., de Silva, D., Thompson, M., Parada, M., Wagenhoffer, S. and Prado, T. 2014. CDC Raezer green field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1535–1537. CDC Raezer, a green cotyledon field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar, was released in 2011 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, for distribution to Select seed growers in Saskatchewan and Alberta through the Variety Release Committee of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Raezer has good lodging resistance, powdery mildew resistance, medium-sized seeds with round shape, good cotyledon bleaching resistance and good yielding ability. CDC Raezer is adapted to the field-pea-growing regions of western Canada.