jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Readmission of late preterm infants after discharge from nursery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To evaluate the risk factors for hospital readmission during the neonatal period among late preterm infants who were discharged after nursery care. Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed medical records of 135 late preterm infants readmitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during the neonatal period, after discharge from nursery of IL Sin Christian Hospital from January 2003 to December 2008. We compared the risk factors of the hospital readmission group with the control group. Results: The gestational age and birth weight of 135 study infants were 36 +1 ±0.5 weeks and 2,718.4±296.9 gm, respectively. Identified risk factors of hospital readmission were breastfeeding (71.9% vs. 44.4%), short duration of nursery stay (3.3±1.6 days vs. 4.1±2.0 days), firstborn (60.0% vs. 45.3%), and maternal pregnancy complication (31.9% vs. 18.8%). Jaundice accounted for the majority of hospital readmissions (83.7%), and the age at hospital readmission was 6.2±3.6 postnatal days, mostly at 5-6 postnatal days (40.7%). Identified risk factors of hospital readmission due to jaundice were spontaneous normal vaginal delivery (43.4% vs. 1.8%), younger maternal age (29.8±3.4 yrs vs. 32.1±4.2 yrs), and lower maternal pregnancy complication (28.3% vs. 50%). Conclusion: Identified risk factors of hospital readmission were breastfeeding, short duration of nursery stay, firstborn, and maternal pregnancy complication. Jaundice accounted for the majority of hospital readmissions, and the age at hospital readmission was 6.2±3.6 postnatal days. (Korean J Pediatr 2009;52:888-892)
Richard III as Senecan History

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Richard III, which has been described as Shakespeare’s most Senecanesque play, inhabits a middle ground between tragedy and history play. Because it focuses on the rise and fall of its title character, it is sometimes thought of as a precursor for later tragedies like Macbeth. Such readings emphasize the flamboyant, villainous agency of the play’s central antihero. When Richard III is read as a chronicle history play, however, it can be seen as being about how its central character’s monstrosity is overtaken by providential history. This chapter argues that the resulting ambiguity of perspective is built into the play’s Senecan inheritance. The first section examines paradoxes concerning human agency and temporal cause and effect in Senecan tragedy, and it looks at plays – like Octavia, Ecerinis, and The Spanish Tragedy – that are imitative of that tradition. Then the chapter reads Richard III as a sophisticated, Senecan examination of the dialectic between self-assertion and external predetermination. This Senecan dialectic underpins aspects of Richard’s character that have been read brilliantly in recent criticism via highly theorized postmodern ideas about character and psychology: here Seneca is a silent partner in the creation of one of Shakespeare’s most presciently modern-seeming characters.
Treatment of endometrial cancer during 2011 in Croatia: results of a national survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SAŽETAK. Cilj rada ukljucio je analizu prijeoperacijske obrade i nacina lijecenja bolesnica s rakom endometrija tijekom 2011. godine u Republici Hrvatskoj. Metode. Anonimni upitnik koji je sadržavao pitanja u svezi iskustva ispitanika, nacinu prijeoperacijske obrade, broju i vrsti operacijskih zahvata te misljenju o primjeni adjuvantnog lijecenja bolesnica s rakom endometrija poslan je u 27 zdravstvenih ustanova Republike Hrvatske koje se bave lijecenjem ove bolesti. Rezultati. Na upitnik je odgovorilo 70 ispitanika iz 18 ustanova. Abdominalna histerektomija (TAH) ucinjena je u 481 (85, 0%) slucajeva. Laparoskopski asistirana vaginalna histerektomija (LAVH) ili totalna laparoskopska histerektomija (TLH) ucinjena je u 64 slucajeva (11, 3%). Zdjelicna limfadenektomija, selektivna ili sistematska primijenila se u 334 (59, 0%) slucajeva, dok u 197 (34, 8%) slucajeva nije vrednovan status limfnih cvorova. Ispitanici iz klinickih bolnica znacajno cesce primjenjuju limfadenektomiju kao sastavni dio operacijskog lijecenja i intraoperativnu analizu dubine invazije miometrija u odnosu na ispitanike iz županijskih odnosno opcih bolnica. Nema znacajne razlike u indikacijama za primjenu adjuvantne radioterapije izme|u ginekologa opcih i klinickih bolnica. U slucajevima kada je ucinjena limfadenektomija ispitanici rje|e postavljaju indikaciju za adjuvantnu radioterapiju, a isto vrijedi i za ispitanike koji aktivno sudjeluju u indikacijskim sastancima u odnosu na ispitanike koji ne sudjeluju aktivno u odluci o primjeni adjuvantnog lijecenja. Zakljucak. Kirursko lijecenje raka endometrija u Republici Hrvatskoj nije standardizirano. Ipak, za naglasiti je da adbominalna histerektomija s obostranom adneksektomijom predstavlja najcesci oblik kirurskog lijecenja. Limfadenektomija se znatno cesce primjenjuje u klinickim ustanovama u odnosu na opce bolnice. Indikacije za adjuvantnu primjenu radioterapije se bitno ne razlikuju ovisno o radu ispitanika u razlicitim vrstama bolnickim ustanova. Me|utim, dokazali smo važnost limfadenektomije u postavljanju indikacija za adjuvantu radioterapiju. Ovi rezultati prikazuju trenutno stanje u prijeoperacijskoj pripremi i nacinu lijecenja bolesnica s rakom endometrija 2011. godine u Republici Hrvatskoj. Nadamo se da ce rezultati biti baza za buduca istraživanja s ciljem standardizacije postupaka u lijecenja ove bolesti.
Length of Barrett's oesophagus and cancer risk: implications from a large sample of patients with early oesophageal adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Although it is well understood that the risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma increases with Barrett length, transition risks for cancer associated with different Barrett lengths are unknown. We aimed to estimate annual cancer transition rates for patients with long-segment (≥3 cm), short-segment (≥1 to <3 cm) and ultra-short-segment (<1 cm) Barrett's oesophagus. Design We used three data sources to estimate the annual cancer transition rates for each Barrett length category: (1) the distribution of long, short and ultra-short Barrett's oesophagus among a large German cohort with newly diagnosed T1 oesophageal adenocarcinoma; (2) population-based German incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma; and (3) published estimates of the population prevalence of Barrett's oesophagus for each Barrett length category. Results Among 1017 patients with newly diagnosed T1 oesophageal adenocarcinoma, 573 (56%) had long-segment, 240 (24%) short-segment and 204 (20%) ultra-short-segment Barrett's oesophagus. The base-case estimates for the prevalence of Barrett's oesophagus among the general population were 1.5%, 5% and 14%, respectively. The annual cancer transition rates for patients with long, short and ultra-short Barrett's oesophagus were 0.22%, 0.03% and 0.01%, respectively. To detect one cancer, 450 patients with long-segment Barrett's oesophagus would need to undergo annual surveillance endoscopy; in short segment and ultra-short segment, the corresponding numbers of patients would be 3440 and 12 364. Similar results were obtained when applying US incidence data. Conclusions The large number of patients, who need to undergo endoscopic surveillance to detect one cancer, raises questions about the value of surveillance endoscopy in patients with short segment or ultra-short segment of Barrett's oesophagus.
Reviewregulation of bone formation by the osteoblast-specific transcription factor Osx

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bone formation is a complex developmental process involving the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts. Osteoblast differentiation occurs through a multi-step molecular pathway regulated by different transcription factors and signaling proteins. Osx (also known as Sp7) is the only osteoblast-specific transcriptional factor identified so far which is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Osx knock-out mice lack bone completely and cartilage is normal. This opens a new window to the whole research field of bone formation. Osx inhibits Wnt pathway signaling, a possible mechanism for Osx to inhibit osteoblast proliferation. These reports demonstrate that Osx is the master gene that controls osteoblast lineage commitment and the subsequent osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. This review is to highlight recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of bone formation by Osx.
MAKTABGACHA YOSHDAGI BOLALARNING NUTQ, MULOQOT VA O'QISH MALAKALARNI RIVOJLANTIRISHDA TARBIYACHINING PEDOGOGIK MAHORATI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ushbu maqola maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarning nutq, muloqot va o’qish malakalarini rivojlantirishda tarbiyachilarning pedogogik mahorati juda muhim ahamiyatga ega ekanligi, nutq, muloqot va o’qish malakalarini shakillantirishda o’zbek xalq ertak, maqol, matallarning o’rni beqiyosligi hamda turli xil o’yin faoliyatlari orqali rivojlantirish haqida ochib berilgan.
Einbeziehen von sprachlicher Vielfalt oder Dialektliteratur im DaF-Unterricht

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper seeks to show that the use of dialect literature in the teaching of German as a Foreign Language (DaF) can be very enriching for students. It argues that this practice creates awareness that the German language is not homogeneous across German-speaking countries, but is characterised by variety (the pluricentricity of German). In addition, working with dialect texts allows learners to be immersed in the everyday reality of their target language by experiencing the diglossia that is prevalent in most German-speaking areas. In this way, the texts help students realise that there is not just one standardised form of expression in German that is correct and permissible. The unadulterated tone and idiosyncrasies of literary works in dialect also offer an insight into the emotional world of the people who use the language and into their unique culture and mentality. This is illustrated with the help of two dialect poems ("Drei Vëigl fliagn" and "Die 5 Johreszeitn") by the South Tyrolean author Maridl Innerhofer (1921-2013).
Electromagnetic axisymmetric analysis of monopole antenna over a perfectly electric ground plane by a Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work describes a meshless method to obtain the electromagnetic characteristics of a monopole placed over a perfectly electric ground plane. The Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin is used with shape functions generated by Moving Least Squares. Boundary conditions are imposed by a collocation method that does not require any numerical integration. The proposed axisymmetric analysis has a simple implementation and reduced computational effort. The results are in agreement with theoretical data and simulations found in the literature.
Peptide-Based Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Peptides have attracted much interest as a platform for the induction of therapeutic T cell responses, ever since the discovery of MHC-presented protein fragments (peptides) as the antigenic basis for T cell recognition. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc) recognize short peptides of 8–11 amino acids in length, presented by MHC class I molecules (HLA class I in human beings), expressed on all nucleated cell types. CD4+ T helper cells (Th) recognize the combination of slightly longer peptides of 12–15 amino acids in length in the context of HLA class II molecules, expressed mainly on cells of the immune system such as dendritic cells (DC), macrophages, and B cells. Since T cells recognize these antigen fragments (epitopes) only when expressed on cell surfaces by HLA molecules tethered to cell membranes, T cells are not distracted by free antigen in body fluids, but are specialized in the recognition and destruction of cells presenting abnormal (microbial, nonself) fragments by T cell receptors on T cells that have not been deleted in the thymus by central tolerance.
Synthesis of N-Alkenylated Heterocycles via T3P-Promoted Condensation with Ketones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Herein, we describe a convenient protocol for the synthesis of N-alkenylated heterocycles using abundant ketone electrophiles and T3P as a water scavenger under microwave irradiation. The method can be applied to a diverse range of NH-heterocycles and ketones with good to excellent yields (up to 94%). This procedure is particularly attractive, as it is metal- and base-free, tolerates a variety of functional groups, and offers ease of product purification. The utility of the protocol was exemplified by synthesizing pharmaceutically relevant scaffolds containing the N-alkenyl motif and was further extended to a one-pot reductive amination sequence.
Advancing Healthcare Outcomes with AI: Predicting Hospital Readmissions in the USA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The issue of readmission rates in hospitals has been described as both a serious and perplexing problem in America's healthcare system. The high persistence of readmission rates underscores the urgent need for improvement in better tools and techniques for the forecasting and management of occurrences with efficiency. The chief objective of this research was to devise and ameliorate AI models that can effectively predict patient readmissions. Through machine learning and data analytics, this study worked toward developing tools that will highlight patients at a high risk of readmission, which can be targeted with interventions by healthcare providers. The hospital readmission dataset used in this study comprised a comprehensive collection of patient-related data aimed at understanding and predicting readmissions. The dataset was thereby developed using electronic health records which capture all clinical activities - diagnosis code treatment history, results of labs, and medication-related prescriptions. Demographic details related to patients will include: age, sex, and ethnic background - for contextualizing at the population level. This clinical information was complemented by unstructured data, such as clinical notes that give further detailed insight into patient conditions and advice on follow-up care. Several models were considered for classification tasks such as Random Forest Classifier, Logistic Regression, and XG-Boost Classifier. Some of the key metrics used to quantify the model's effectiveness included accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC. Gradient Boosting had the highest scores on all four metrics and maximum accuracy and F1-score, showing the best all-rounded performance in prediction. Interpreting healthcare model outputs provides insightful predictions to inform clinical decisions. Care strategies have to be developed based on predictive insights and patient segmentation analysis to enhance the outcomes of patients. AI-driven insights will thus require a strategic approach to the integration of AI-driven models in the functioning of the hospital.
MEMILIH PEMIMPIN NON MUSLIM DALAM AL-QUR`AN

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Regions and countries with Muslim majority populations have not fully accepted leaders who are not from within their circles. This case has occurred in several countries, one of which is Indonesia, such as the appointment of the Lenteng Agung village chief, Susan Jasmine Zulkifli, who is a Christian. In addition, there was also the appointment of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama as the Governor of DKI Jakarta who had a Christian and Chinese background. The above case makes the need for research from the point of view of al-Qur`an through Hamka's Tafsir al-Azhar and M. Quraish Shihab's Tafsir al-Mishbah by proposing formulas, namely: 1) How to interpret the verses choosing a non-Muslim leader in the Koran according to Hamka and Muhammad Quraish Shihab? 2) How are the similarities and differences between Hamka's interpretation and Muhammad Quraish Shihab regarding the verses of the Koran about choosing a non-Muslim leader in the Qur'an? This research is a library research (Library Research) with the thematic method or Mawd {u> 'i> as well as a comparison of the two interpretations. The conclusion of this research is that Hamka refuses to make non-Muslims as leaders, while M. Quraish Shihab does not directly prohibit choosing non-Muslims as leaders. The common ground between Hamka and M. Quraish Shihab is that they both prohibit choosing non-Muslim leaders. The difference is that Hamka understands based on the birth of the text, while M. Quraish Shihab is based on context.
TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY USING BIOACTIVE BONE CEMENT CONTAININBIOACTIVE GLASS-CERAMIC POWDER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have developed bioactive bone cements manufactured from bioactive glass-ceramic powder and BIS-GMA resin, which has the bone-bonding ability. In the present clinical trial, this bioactive bone cement was used for fixation of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and the clinical results were investigated Two types of bioactive bone cements (high- and low- viscosity type cements) were prepared (Nippon Electric Glass Co. Ltd.). Inorganic filler contained 72.0 wt% AW-GC (apatite and wollastonite containing glass-ceramic) and 27.0 wt% SiO2 powder. All surgery was performed at Kyoto University Hospital between February and October 1996. 20primary THA (20 patients) were performed using bioactive bone cement as a clinical trial. The average age of the patients was 58 years. The average follow-up period was 6 years, 9 months. The diagnosis for 18 hips at the operation was osteoarthritis and 2 hips were rheumatoid arthritis. All sockets and one stem were fixed by bioactive cement, and all but one stem were fixed by PMMA cement. In all cases all polyethylene socket and titanium stem were used (14 KC type THA and 8 KMAX type THA). For the femoral head 22 mm diameter alumina head was used in all cases. If the bone cement is bioactive and shows direct bonding with the bone, wear particles can’t enter the interface and thus prevention of loosening due to bone resorption would be expected. This cement demonstrated satisfactory clinical results, proving to be a promising material for implant fixation.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between Embryogenic and Non-Embryogenic Callus of Davidia involucrata

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Davidia involucrata Baill. (D. involucrata), a rare and endangered wild plant, is native to China and is globally recognized as an ornamental tree species. However, D. involucrata exhibits inherent biological characteristics that contribute to its low reproductive efficiency. To address this challenge, somatic embryogenesis, a biotechnological method, offers numerous advantages, including enhanced reproductive efficiency, a large reproductive coefficient, and a complete structural composition. Consequently, somatic embryogenesis holds significant value in the propagation and genetic improvement of this particular tree species. In a previous study, we utilized immature zygotic embryos of D. involucrata as explants and induced somatic embryogenesis from embryogenic callus, thereby establishing a rapid propagation and plant regeneration scheme. In this study, we utilized Illumina RNA sequencing to compare the transcriptomes of the embryogenic callus (EC) and non-embryogenic callus (NEC) of D. involucrata. The analysis revealed 131,109 unigenes assembled from EC and NEC, and 12,806 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. To verify the authenticity of the transcriptome sequencing results, qRT-PCR was performed and 16 DEGs were screened, with the stable reference gene UBQ being selected. Our analysis focused on genes related to plant growth regulators and somatic embryogenesis, such as the Aux, IAA, ARF, GH3, AHP, ARR, CYCD, BBM, WUS, GRF, SERK, and WOX gene families. We found that certain genes in these families were significantly upregulated in EC induction compared to NEC, indicating that they play crucial roles in D. involucrata cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell totipotency. These results offer new insights into the role of these gene families in EC, and may guide efforts to improve the somatic embryo induction, culture conditions, and genetic transformation efficiency of D. involucrata.
MicroRNA‐7 inhibits melatonin synthesis by acting as a linking molecule between leptin and norepinephrine signaling pathways in pig pineal gland

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract MicroRNAs, including microRNA‐7 (miR‐7), are important modulators of numerous gene expressions and the related biological processes. Melatonin is a key hormone regulating daily and seasonal rhythms, in which a variety of positive and negative regulatory factors, such as norepinephrine (NE) and leptin, are involved. However, the interactions among these factors and the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aims of the present study were to identify the functions and the related mechanisms of miR‐7 in regulating melatonin synthesis and secretion through in vitro and in vivo experiments in pineal gland of pigs, which is an important animal model for agricultural and biomedical studies. Our results firstly show that miR‐7 is specifically expressed in porcine pinealocytes and negatively regulates melatonin synthesis. The further functional studies show that the dynamic expression levels of miR‐7 are contrary to the melatonin levels throughout the day, and the forced inhibition of endogenous miR‐7 in porcine pinealocytes sharply increases arylalkylamine N ‐acetyltransferase (AANAT) expression by 80.0% ( P = 0.0031) and melatonin levels by 81.0% ( P = 0.0421), whereas miR‐7 over‐expression down‐regulates AANAT expression by 38.6% ( P = 0.0004) and melatonin levels by 37.6% ( P = 0.0212). In addition, the miR‐7 expression is up‐regulated by leptin through the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, and the in vivo intracerebroventricular injection of leptin increases miR‐7 expression by 80.0% ( P = 0.0044) in porcine pineal glands and reduces melatonin levels by 57.1% ( P = 0.0060) compared with the controls. This functional inhibition of melatonin synthesis by miR‐7 is accomplished by its binding to the 3′‐UTR of Raf1 . Further, our results demonstrate that the RAF1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway mediates NE‐induced AANAT expression, whereas leptin attenuates NE's function through miR‐7. Taken together, the results demonstrated that leptin activates the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway to increase the expression of miR‐7, which acts as a negative regulatory molecule inhibiting NE‐activated RAF1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway by targeting Raf1 , resulting in decreased AANAT expression and melatonin synthesis. These findings suggest that miR‐7 is a novel negative regulator of melatonin synthesis and links leptin‐ and NE‐mediated signaling pathways in porcine pineal glands, which will contribute to our understanding in the establishment of the biological rhythms resulting from melatonin.