jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The influence of transpiration on foliar accumulation of salt and nutrients under salinity in poplar (Populus × canescens)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Increasing salinity is one of the major drawbacks for plant growth. Besides the ion itself being toxic to plant cells, it greatly interferes with the supply of other macronutrients like potassium, calcium and magnesium. However, little is known about how sodium affects the translocation of these nutrients from the root to the shoot. The major driving force of this translocation process is thought to be the water flow through the xylem driven by transpiration. To dissect the effects of transpiration from those of salinity we compared salt stressed, ABA treated and combined salt- and ABA treated poplars with untreated controls. Salinity reduced the root content of major nutrients like K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. Less Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the roots resulted in reduced leaf Ca2+ and leaf Mg2+ levels due to reduced stomatal conductance and reduced transpiration. Interestingly, leaf K+ levels were positively affected in leaves under salt stress although there was less K+ in the roots under salt. In response to ABA, transpiration was also decreased and Mg2+ and Ca2+ levels decreased comparably to the salt stress treatment, while K+ levels were not affected. Thus, our results suggest that loading and retention of leaf K+ is enhanced under salt stress compared to merely transpiration driven cation supply.
Evaluation of different audio features for musical genre classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Musical genre classification is an important issue for the music information retrieval system. There are two essential components for music genre classification, which are audio features and classifier. This paper considers various kinds of the features for genre classification related with dynamics, rhythm, spectral, and tonal characteristics of music. In the paper up to the 4th order central moments for different features are considered to evaluate the overall classification accuracy. In addition, Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) with bagging is introduced and compared with well-known Support Vector Machines (SVM) in terms of the overall classification accuracy. Based on the aforementioned features sets and ELM classifier, experiments are performed with well-known datasets: GTZAN with ten different musical genres. Through the experiments we found that some type of features is more important to others and the two classifiers provide comparable results for genre classification.
<i>In-vitro</i> studies on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory potentials of aerial parts of <i>Vernonia oligocephala</i> (Asteraceae)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose: To evaluate the cholinesterases (acetylcholinestrase and butyrylcholinestrase) enzyme inhibitory potential of aerial parts Vernonia oligocephala (V. oligocephala) as a potential remedy for the management of neurodegenerative disorders. Methods: Crude methanol extract of V. oligocephala leaves and its fractions including n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate and n-butanol were investigated for their inhibitory potentials against cholinesterases enzymes employing standard ELISA microtiter plate reader assay. Results: All the extracts were moderately active against both the tested enzymes. The ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions showed highest inhibition against acetylcholinesterase enzyme with IC 50 values of 128.81±0.44 µg/mL and 200.51±0.22 µg/mL, respectively. In case of butrylcholinesterase, ethyl acetate (IC 50 ; 145.71±0.19µg/mL) and DCM (IC 50 ; 269.31±0.45 µg/mL) fractions were the most active. All other fractions including crude methanol extract exhibited least inhibition. Overall, ethyl acetate fraction was the most active against both enzymes. Conclusion: Results indicate the promising potential of V.oligocephala as source of new potential compounds for management of Alzheimer’s disease. However, further studies to isolate and identify the potential bioactive components are needed.
Alternative Infill: a design study of housing intensification, adaptation and choice in the established suburbs of Adelaide

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Undertaken by major design project, this PhD research is a design study of infill housing potential in the established suburbs of Adelaide in South Australia. It argues that subjective opposition to the consideration of heritage precincts as potential infill locations is based on understandable concerns of a perceived loss of character and amenity, but fails to acknowledge the lineage of these inner precincts and their capacity for change. In doing so, the work recognises established suburbs as having been initially established to provide a variety of housing types and demonstrates ways in which they might return to doing so.

Design experiments put forward the notion that a deep understanding of the Adelaide villa and cottage and their sites has the potential to recognize these early houses as a typology that can continue to meet the evolving needs of the city.

Where the work of this thesis is concerned with identifying the capacity of Adelaide’s established suburbs to accommodate housing diversity and supply, others may find its observations useful to deploy in suburban contexts that are similar–enough in their make–up so as to be broadly comparable with Adelaide. Further, the methods of analysis and exploration used in the work may prove effective for projects with subject matter and contexts that are not directly related to the conditions described in this work, but for which the methodology is transferable.
The Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Immunity: SheddingLight on Experimental Findings

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc-dependent dicarboxypeptidase with two catalytic components, which has an important role in regulating blood pressure by converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II. ACE breaks down other peptides besides angiotensin I and has a variety of physiological effects together with renal growth and reproduction in men. ACE also acts on innate and acquired immune systems by affecting macrophage and neutrophil function, and these outcomes are exacerbated due to the overexpression of ACE. Overexpression of ACE in macrophages imposes antitumor and antimicrobial response, and it enhances the ability of neutrophils to produced super peroxide that has a bactericidal effect. ACE is also known to contribute to the expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II peptides through enzymatic alterations of these peptides. Apprehending the expression of ACE and its effects on myeloid cell (myelogenous cells) activity can be promising in therapeutic interventions, including treatment of infection and malignancy.
INFLUENCE OF WORK ENVIRONMENT ON HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND JOB PERFORMANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examined the influence of the work environment on human resources management and job performance for sustainable development in secondary schools in Anambra State. Two research questions guided the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. The study population involved 5, 976 teachers from 258 public secondary schools in six (6) education zones in Anambra State. The sample size for the study comprised 598 teachers chosen using the stratified random sampling technique. The sample represented 10% (percent) of the teachers’ population. A researchers’ self-developed questionnaire titled “Influence of Work Environment on Human Resources Management and Job Performance Questionnaire - (IWEHRMJPQ)”, which contained 24 items and structured on a 4-point scale, served as an instrument for data collection. Validation of the research instrument was done by two experts in Educational Management Department and one expert in measurement and evaluation, from the Faculty of Educational Foundations in Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State. A pilot test was conducted in order to determine reliability of the research instrument and using the Cronbach Alpha method in order to collate scores, this yielded coefficient (r) value of 0.88 and 0.85 for the two clusters, which were added up to give an overall internal consistency coefficient (r) value of 0.87. Data were analyzed using mean scores rated at 2.50 and standard deviation for answering the two research questions. Findings of the study indicated among others that the work environment highly influenced human resources management and job performance for sustainable development in secondary schools in Anambra State. From the findings, some recommendations were proffered and among such included that the: Anambra State government and education stakeholders such as the Post Primary School Service Commission (PPSSC) and secondary school principals should make the school environment conducive through adequate funding, provision of adequate facilities, effective leadership so as to positively and highly influence or improve human resources development and teachers job performances.
City-regionalism as a constellation and re-positioning of discourses, practices and actors: insights from post-territorialist Italy.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

From the rise and subsequent fall of local economic development policies and visions, between the 1990s and the early 2000s, to the recent wave of urban strategic plans, the discoursive construction of urban and regional policies in southern Italy and beyond has been driven, on the one hand, by the evolution of geographical imaginaries about the role and meaning of regional spaces in the national and the world-economy (from new-localism to new-regionalism and then to the currently emerging city-regionalism) and, on the other hand, by the need to accommodate changing interests, claims and regional identities in times of disillusionment toward the virtues of 'territorialism' and the local scale. The paper offers a critical review of this evolution, focusing on how socio-spatial relations (Jessop, Brenner and Jones, 2008) have been dealt with in scholarly and public debates about urban and regional development in southern Italy. In doing so we draw on different and at the same time related theoretical strands in critical urban and regional studies, including cultural political economy (Jessop 2004, Uitermark 2005), governamentality studies (Rose-Miller 1992, Huxley 2007), discourse theory (Laclau-Mouffe 1985, Muller 2008) and post-structuralist network analysis (Law 1994, Latour 2005). The aim is to challenge conventional pluralist ontologies of 'actors', 'networks' and 'regions' and to offer a methodological examination of alternative interpretive frameworks centred on the critical analysis of discourse and the ethnography of the local State.
Phytochemicals, antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials and LC-MS analysis of hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves and flowers of Erodium glaucophyllum collected from Tunisian Sahara

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Erodium glaucophyllum collected from Tunisian Sahara was never presented in the relevant literature yet. In this study, the phytochemical profiles, chemical compositions, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and Kill-time assay of the hydroalcoholic extract of flowers and leaves were investigated. The highest content in phenols, flavonoids and tannins was shown in flowers extract (350 ± 5 mg GAE/g, 34 ± 1 mg QE/g and 221.8 ± 0.0 mg β-carotene E/g, respectively). The carotenoids amount in leaves was about 6-fold higher than it’s in flowers. Conducted LC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 17 compounds in flowers and leaves extract with the main were quinic acid and naringin followed by rutin, hyperoside, gallic acid and Apegenin-7-o-glucoside. Flowers and leaves extracts showed a powerful antimicrobial effect against all strains and the most observed effect was shown with Gram negative bacteria. Time kill kinetics endorses the effectiveness of both extracts to possess bactericidal effect at a concentration less than 2 MIC. Results of both organs open a new promising way for the development of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for food preservatives against food deterioration.
A novel phage-displayed MilA ELISA for detection of antibodies against Myc. bovis in bovine milk

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims The aim of this study was to assess a phage-displayed MilA protein of Myc. bovis in an indirect ELISA for the detection of Myc. bovis antibodies in milk samples. Methods and Results The desired sequence of milA gene was synthesized and cloned into pCANTAB-F12 phagemid vector. The expression of the MilA on the phage surface was confirmed by Western blotting. The recombinant phage was used in the development of an indirect ELISA to detect Myc. bovis antibodies in milk samples. There was a significant agreement between the results of phage-based ELISA and recombinant GST-MilA ELISA for the detection of Myc. bovis antibodies in milk samples. Conclusions The inexpensive and convenient phage-based ELISA can be used instead of recombinant protein/peptide ELISA as an initial screening of Myc. bovis-associated mastitis. Significance and Impact of Study Mastitis associated with Myc. bovis is a continuous and serious problem in the dairy industry. Sero-monitoring of Myc. bovis infection cases are one of the key factors for surveillance of the infections in dairy farms. Despite the existence of some commercially serological assays for Myc. bovis antibodies, they have some limitations regarding their sensitivity and availability. The development of accurate diagnosis tools could contribute to control programmes of Myc. bovis-associated mastitis in the dairy herds.
Utilizing CX3CR1GFP/PGRPdsRed reporter mice to monitor myeloid and granulocyte responses during helminth infection (MPF6P.652)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract CX3CR1GFP/PGRPdsRed reporter mice have previously been used to monitor trafficking of monocytes and neutrophils, respectively. With this new tool, we examined myeloid cell and neutrophil behavior during murine infection with the helminth, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb). Nb acutely infects the lungs leading to significant infiltration of PGRPdsRed neutrophils and CX3CR1GFP monocytes compared to naïve mice. Using ex vivo time-lapse confocal microscopy, we discovered that Nbinfection increased chemotaxis of CX3CR1GFPmonocytes and PGRPdsRed neutrophils. Because CX3CR1GFP expression is a loss of function knock-in mutation, we tested the function of CX3CR1 in the immune response to Nb. After inoculation with infective larvae, CX3CR1GFP mice were less susceptible to infection compared to wild-type mice and had lower worm counts and parasite eggs in the feces. Additionally, ATP cell viability assay revealed that worms recovered from reporter mice were less viable than worms isolated from wild-type mice. Taken together, CX3CR1GFP/PGRPdsRed mice make it possible to monitor myeloid cell and neutrophil behavior, and reveal a previously unrecognized role for CX3CR1 in impairing Nbexpulsion.
Cultural festivals of Primitive tribes of Bilaspur Division of Chhattisgarh

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Festivals are of utmost importance in human life, All festivals are the heritage of our culture, which people celebrate together, With the arrival of the festival, there is a sense of enthusiasm in the minds of the people and celebrate these festivals with full law. Whether the festival is big or small or whether it is limited area, it affects the entire society and nation. Each festival is a symbol of cultural and social consciousness which awakens the masses, removing the monotonous life of human beings and various types of entertainment., enthusiasm, They make the cycle of life pleasant by providing happiness. Cultural traditions flowing from the earliest ages, Efforts, Beliefs, Beliefs, Ideals, ethical, It is a direct reflection of religious and social values which do not present an overview of any particular class or region of people's life. Therefore, festivals were arranged as products of social upliftment and recreation. Truth from this, A sense of sincerity and self-confidence arises and the feeling of depravity and inferiority goes away. That's why all festivals are important. Indian Tribal Festival has been part of the structure of tribal India for thousands of years. And this tradition still exists in the present time, the Indian tribe festival has its own special quality, Tribal Dress of Celebration, ornament, song, dance, The language or the unique formal ambience in a distant forest or mountain makes it all the more enchanting. Chhattisgarh region of India is world famous for its unique folk art and culture, different types of Teej and festivals are celebrated in this region, which is recognized by the society. The tribal areas of Chhattisgarh region are known all over the world for their beauty and exceptional tribal population, Perhaps this is the reason that there is a plethora of festivals in this region which is characteristic of the culture here. Folk festivals have an important place in making culture flow. About one-third of the population in Chhattisgarh belongs to tribes and even today they keep their culture alive through various festivals.
Reinforced Biologic Mesh Reduces Postoperative Complications Compared to Biologic Mesh after Ventral Hernia Repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The use of biologic mesh to reinforce the abdominal wall in ventral hernia repair has been proposed as a viable alternative to synthetic mesh, particularly for high-risk patients and in contaminated settings. However, a comparison of clinical outcomes between the currently available biologic mesh types has yet to be performed. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 141 patients who had undergone ventral hernia repair with biologic mesh, including noncross-linked porcine ADM (NC-PADM) (n = 51), cross-linked porcine ADM (C-PADM) (n = 17), reinforced biologic ovine rumen (RBOR) (n = 36), and bovine ADM (BADM) (n = 37) at the Stanford University Medical Center between 2002 and 2020. Postoperative donor site complications and rates of hernia recurrence were compared between patients with different biologic mesh types. Results: Abdominal complications occurred in 47.1% of patients with NC-PADM, 52.9% of patients with C-PADM, 16.7% of patients with RBOR, and 43.2% of patients with BADM ( P = 0.015). Relative risk for overall complications was higher in patients who had received NC-PADM (RR = 2.64, P = 0.0182), C-PADM (RR = 3.19, P = 0.0127), and BADM (RR = 2.11, P = 0.0773) compared with those who had received RBOR. Furthermore, relative risk for hernia recurrence was also higher in all other mesh types compared with RBOR. Conclusion: Our data indicate that RBOR decreases abdominal complications and recurrence rates after ventral hernia repair compared with NC-PADM, C-PADM, and BADM.
Genetic Divergence and Association Studies in Field Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One hundred twenty genotypes were evaluated for 10 characters to study genetic diversity and association between yield and its components. The study indicated presence of considerable genetic divergence among the genotypes. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. To get the desirable segregants the hybridization among the genotypes of cluster III and VI, cluster V and VI and cluster I and VI as the inter cluster distance was greater between these clusters. Association studies indicated that pods per plant, clusters per plant, seeds per pod and days to 50% flowering were significantly correlated with grain yield. Pods per plant, 100-seed weight, seeds per pod and days to maturity had positive direct effect on grain yield, while plant height, pods per cluster and pod length had negative direct effect on grain yield.
Finite Element Simulation and X-Ray Microdiffraction Study of Strain Partitioning in a Layered Nanocomposite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The depth-dependent strain partitioning across the interfaces in the growth direction of the NiAl/Cr(Mo) nanocomposite between the Cr and NiAl lamellae was directly measured experimentally and simulated using a finite element method (FEM). Depth-resolved X-ray microdiffraction demonstrated that in the as-grown state both Cr and NiAl lamellae grow along the 111 direction with the formation of as-grown distinct residual ~0.16% compressive strains for Cr lamellae and ~0.05% tensile strains for NiAl lamellae. Three-dimensional simulations were carried out using an implicit FEM. First simulation was designed to study residual strains in the composite due to cooling resulting in formation of crystals. Strains in the growth direction were computed and compared to those obtained from the microdiffraction experiments. Second simulation was conducted to understand the combined strains resulting from cooling and mechanical indentation of the composite. Numerical results in the growth direction of crystal were compared to experimental results confirming the experimentally observed trends.
SAR Image Despeckle With CNN Using a Novel Logarithmic Discrete Cosine Transform-Based Loss

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The coherent nature of imaging in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) inevitably gives rise to speckle noise, a challenge exacerbated by the constrained bandwidth and limited look angles. Among the despeckling algorithms, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have dominated the forefront of SAR image despeckling, showcasing state-of-the-art performance. CNN-based SAR image despeckling methods excel in learning complex features in an image, while they often struggle with a tendency to induce blurring, leading to a loss of texture information in SAR imagery. We hypothesize that this is mainly caused by the inappropriate use of generic loss functions for despeckling that tend to yield a washed-out blurring effect or introduce artifacts during the denoising process. In this article, we propose a new loss function for an existing CNN architecture that is designed to reduce washed-out blurring effects and is capable of enhancing edges and small-scale features while suppressing noise. The loss function we propose is based on the logarithm of discrete cosine transform images, with a perspective to maintain a nuanced equilibrium between high- and low-energy features in an image, meanwhile maintaining acceptable noise suppression. In comparison to established loss functions applied in SAR image despeckling, experimental results show that the CNNs trained with the proposed loss function not only enhance multiple objective metrics but also exhibit considerable advantages in terms of visual effects.
Balticonemoura bulbosusgen. et sp. nov., a new stonefly of Nemouridae (Insecta: Plecoptera) from Eocene Baltic amber

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new genus and species of stoneflies, Balticonemoura bulbosus gen. et sp. nov. (Plecoptera: Nemouridae: Nemourinae), are described and illustrated from the Eocene Baltic amber. Balticonemoura gen. nov. differs from other nemourids mainly by its unique epiproct and structure of cerci. Balticonemoura gen. nov. represents the first new extinct genus of Nemouridae in Baltic amber. Balticonemoura bulbosus sp. nov. is the seventh nemourid species known from the Baltic amber.