jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The plantation slaves of Trinidad, 1783-1816: a mathematical and demographic enquiry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the words of the author, this study is a "demographic and mathematical analysis in a historical setting, rather than a historical study that incorporates some demography and mathematics" (xv).As such it is a work that may prove difficult even for those with some knowledge of demographic methods and techniques.Moreover, it will likely not be of interest to most readers of this journal for it has relatively little to say about the diet and diseases of Trinidad residents, whether slave or free, and treats only a brief period of the Island's history.For the specialist in slavery, however-especially Caribbean slavery-the work is vital, for it addresses vital questions in case-study fashion.Because of a paucity of data, the question has been unresolved as to whether most Caribbean slave populations failed to grow by natural means because ofexcessive mortality, low fertility, or a combination of the two.Professor John, using the Trinidad Slave Registers for 1813, 1815, and 1816 as well as archival materials from London and Edinburgh answers the questions at least for Trinidad: "The problem lay in the high mortality of the population, especially among infants and children, rather than in low slave fertility. .." (159).
Finasteride. Does it affect spermatogenesis and pregnancy?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To date, there are no reports of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women exposed to finasteride. Taking 1 mg of finasteride daily did not have any clinically significant effect on men's semen. Absorption through the skin while handling tablets is extremely unlikely to cause fetal exposure or harm. There is no reason to discontinue the drug. Motherisk is currently following up women who are pregnant or planning pregnancy and whose partners are taking finasteride.
Mechanism of La Crosse virus inhibition by ribavirin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of ribavirin on the growth and replication of La Crosse virus was examined. The data suggest that low concentrations of ribavirin have a marked effect on the initial steps of La Crosse virus transcription. The therapeutic potential of ribavirin in the treatment of human California encephalitis serotype infections is discussed in light of these findings.
Understanding tourists' memorable local food experiences and their consequences: the moderating role of food destination, neophobia and previous tasting experience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to test a new model by examining the influence of memorable local food consumption experiences (MLFCEs) on international diners’ affective states, well-being and attitudinal loyalty. Local food tasting destination, local food neophobia and previous local food tasting experience are used as moderating variables. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative data collection method was used to source data from 900 US tourists to European countries (excluding the UK) and Asian countries. The data were quantitatively analyzed to examine the multidimensionality of tourists’ MLFCEs as well as their influence on outcome variables. Findings The findings indicate that MLFCEs significantly explain diners’ attitude toward local food, subjective well-being, intention to recommend and attitudinal loyalty. Also, three variables partially moderate the associations between the proposed constructs. Research limitations/implications Theoretically, the study enhances our understanding of the dimensional nature of tourists’ MLFCEs and how they inform the affective and behavioral states of tourists. Practically, it provides insights for local food businesses and destination marketing organizations concerning the composition of tourists’ MLFCEs and promotion of a tourism destination. Originality/value This study has quantitatively unraveled the dimensionality of tourists’ MLFCEs. It also developed an integrated model to test the predictive effect of MLFCEs on outcome variables and has provided a deeper understanding of the relationships, thereby enriching the literature and aiding the development of relevant theories.
Penerapan Hypnobreastfeeding pada Ibu Menyusui di Posyandu Anyelir Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Dempo Palembang

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACTOptimal breastfeeding is very important in health development. It is one of the efforts to improve the nutritional status of the community. Various efforts have been made to educate breastfeeding mothers so that they can provide exclusive breastfeeding. The application of Hypnobreastfeeding has never been done. The goal was to increase the empowerment of breastfeeding mothers through hypnobreastfeeding so that mothers believed that they can give breast milk. The implementation of the activity was followed by breastfeeding mothers who were at the Posyandu Anyelir, the Work Area of the Dempo Palembang Health Center. Hypnobreastfeeding was carried out after conducting interviews with mothers regarding biodata and breastfeeding. Mother felt more relaxed, calm and comfortable. Mothers were confident that they will be able to continue breastfeeding their children. This activity could increase the ability, motivation and higher self-confidence of mothers and can increased the participation of mothers in breastfeeding, especially in exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding until the child is 2 years old. To the Puskesmas and Posyandu, it is better to increase counseling and provide breastfeeding motivation for mothers through hypnobreastfeeding. Hypnobreastfeeding can be one of the activities in the class for pregnant women and classes for mothers of toddlers Keywords: Hypnobreastfeeding, Breastfeeding Mother, Breast Milk ABSTRAKPemberian ASI yang optimal sangat penting dalam pembangunan kesehatan. Hal itu merupakan Salah-satu upaya untuk meningkatkan status gizi masyarakat Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk mengedukasi ibu menyusui agar dapat memberikan ASI Eksklusif. Penerapan Hypnobreastfeeding belum pernah dilakukan. Tujuan yaitu meningkatkan Pemberdayaan ibu menyusui melalui hypnobreastfeeding sehingga ibu yakin bahwa dia bisa memberikan ASI. Pelaksanaan kegiatan diikuti oleh ibu menyusui yang berada di Posyandu Anyelir Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Dempo Palembang. Hypnobreastfeeding dilakukan setelah melakukan wawancara dengan ibu terkait biodata dan menyusui. Ibu merasa lebih relax, tenang serta nyaman. Ibu yakin akan mampu dan dapat terus menyusui anaknya. Kegiatan ini dapat meningkatkan kemampuan, motivasi serta kepercayaan diri yang lebih tinggi pada ibu serta dapat meningkatkan peran serta ibu dalam menyusui khususnya dalam pemberian ASI Eksklusif dan pemberian ASI sampai anak berusia 2 tahun. Kepada Pihak Puskesmas dan Posyandu lebih meningkatkan penyuluhan dan pemberian motivasi menyusui bagi ibu melalui hypnobreastfeeding. Hypnobreastfeeding dapat menjadi salah-satu kegiatan pada kelas ibu hamil dan kelas ibu balita Kata Kunci: Hypnobreastfeeding, Ibu Menyusu, ASI.
EVALUATION OF TOMATO BREEDING LINES FOR RESISTANCE TO Sclerotium rolfsii AND CONTROL OF SOUTHERN BLIGHT OF VEGETABLES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Results of experiments conducted to evaluate several tomato breeding lines for resistance to S. rolfsii showed that tomatoes carry very little resistance to this pathogen. However, Lycopersicon piepinellifoliu· and some of its breeding lines were found to be resistant. Crop rotation using resistant or tolerant bell and hot pepper and bambara groundnut varieties significantly reduced the incidence of disease on subsequent tomato crop. Foliar applications of Bravo at 1 or 2 1 ha~l and Dithane M-45 at 1.2 and 2.4 kg ha"l to control early blight reduced the disease incidence of southern blight and^ significantly increased yields of tomatoes. Applications of Tilt, PL- ( 2, 4-dichlorophenyI) -4-propyl -1,3-dioxolam-2-yl_/ me thy 1/-1H-1,2,4-triazole) in both greenhouse and field studies reduced the incidence and severity of the disease on sweet banana peppers. Although plants showed phytotoxicity when dipped in solutions of Tilt, fairly good control was achieved if plants were inoculated 2 or more weeks after dipping in the fungicide solution before transplanting.
Risk Factors for Serious Bacterial Infections Among Young Infants With Hypothermia: Protocol for a Multicenter, Retrospective Case-Control Study (Preprint)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Hypothermia in young infants presenting to the emergency department (ED) may indicate a serious bacterial infection (SBI) such as a urinary tract infection, bacteremia, or bacterial meningitis. Improved understanding of the epidemiology of SBI in infants with hypothermia and the development of prediction models can help avoid unnecessary invasive procedures and antimicrobial exposure.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study is to (1) describe the epidemiology of SBI and herpes simplex virus (HSV) among infants with hypothermia, (2) assess the role of biomarkers in predicting SBI, and (3) derive and internally validate a multivariable predictive model for SBI among infants with hypothermia.

METHODS

The study is being conducted through the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee as a retrospective nested case-control study. We will include infants with hypothermia (rectal temperature&lt;36.5 °C) presenting to 1 of 28 pediatric EDs in the United States between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2022. Exclusion criteria will include (1) fever in the ED or prior to ED arrival, (2) transfer from another health care facility, (3) technology dependence, (4) trauma, (5) skin and soft tissue infections, and (6) presentation in cardiac arrest. The primary outcomes will be culture-confirmed SBI (objectives 1-3) and HSV-positivity (objective 1). The analytic approach for each objective will be (1) to use descriptive statistics to summarize the epidemiology of SBI and HSV and clinical outcomes, (2) to compare biomarker parameters of infants with and without SBI and determine optimal cutoff values using a receiver operator characteristic curve, and (3) to develop a multivariable predictive model using penalized mixed effects logistic regression within a 1:3 case-control sample among infants in the cohort who had a blood culture obtained.

RESULTS

Data collection for this study is ongoing, with a collection of data from 21 hospitals at the time of protocol submission. Of 16 sites evaluated in preliminary analysis (n=45,673), the median age is 25 (IQR 6-52) days, and 24,182 (52.9%) are male. In total, 340 (0.7%) infants have an SBI, of whom 103 had bacteremia or meningitis. Mortality occurred in 7 (2.1%; 95% CI 0.9%-4.3%).

CONCLUSIONS

We will use a consensus-based outcome measure for SBI with an established data acquisition pathway. We will use a multicenter sample from US children’s hospitals, using a consensus-based outcome measure for SBI and a case-control approach to evaluate outcomes to improve the management of young infants with hypothermia in the ED.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/66722
Statistical analysis to stabilize proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Consensus design uses statistical information to introduce stabilizing mutations by replacing a wild-type residue with the most common amino acid in a multiple sequence alignment. Consensus residues are found to be stabilizing about 60% of the time, which is much more than the ~1% stabilization from a random mutation. Despite great progress, a comprehensive model to predict protein stabilization is still undetermined. To confront this obstacle, we devised a statistical model using relative entropy (degree of conservation) as a filter to improve consensus design. This knowledge can be used to create an algorithm to improve protein structure, stability, and function. Relative entropy was used to identify mutations in triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) to increase the stability of proteins. TIM protein is an essential component of the ubiquitous glycolytic pathway and its prevalence makes it an excellent model protein for statistical design. TIM mutants at sites with varying relative entropies and secondary structures were engineered to test the hypothesis that more conserved mutations will be more stabilizing. Results from CD thermal melts indicate that highly conserved positions on protein surfaces with low correlations to other positions have the greatest stabilizing effect. To further investigate the mechanism of stabilization, urea melts are being performed to examine unfolding rates. In addition, compensatory mutations are being engineered in high relative entropy mutants with high correlations. Mutations may disrupt the normal interactions between correlated residues, affecting the folding and structure of the protein. This could provide insight into why a few of the high relative entropy mutations did not stabilize the protein as expected. The ability to stabilize proteins has innumerable industrial and therapeutic applications. The use of relative entropy as a statistical analysis can improve techniques for accurately increasing the stability of proteins while obtaining greater depth on the sequence-structure relationship. Advisor: Thomas Magliery
Legal Pluralism and Cultural Difference

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Professor Woodman’s review of recent conceptual debates in the field of legal pluralism advances the subject by making a case for viewing legal pluralism as an ethnographic field that includes state law. In so doing, he poses a fundamental challenge to the tenacious intellectual tradition shared by academic law and classic social anthropology that divides custom from law, making legal pluralists and legal centralists into contending parties. He confronts the recent genealogy of that tradition branch by branch, and concludes that if legal pluralism has anything in store for social scientists, it is not up that particular taxonomic tree.
The Designing of Promotional Video about Outdoor Tourism Destinations in Subdistrict of Balasklumprik

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Subdistrict of Balasklumprik is a subdistrict located in the District of Wiyung, Surabaya City. In this subdistrict, there are five tourist attractions, those are Balasklumprik City Park, Wisata Batas Kampung, Grand Harvest Park, Balasklumprik Food Court, and Pondok Maritim Food Court. The design of promotional video need to be done because according to the result of questionnaire, there are still a lot of respondents whose know, but not yet visited those tourist attractions. And as an effort to increase visitors for those tourist attractions. So hopefully if the promotional video has been made, then the audience can be persuaded to visit the tourist attractions in Balasklumprik. The concept of the promotional video are synopsis, storyline, and storyboard. The process of making the video are video recording, video editing, and then video rendering. The result of making the video are, a finished video is uploaded into YouTube and its link was shared into social media of Instagram and Whatsapp.
Effect of the Maternal Bio-Social Determinants on the Birth Weight in a Slum Area of Greater Mumbai

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Research question: what is the effect of maternal biosocial determinants on birth weight of the newborn? Hypothesis: Low socio-economic status and illiteracy has a detrimental effect on birth weight of the newborn. Objective: To co-relate maternal age education parity and socio-economic status with low birth weight. Study-design: Community based longitudinal study. Participants: 290 pregnant women followed up till delivery. Statistical analysis: Chi-Square test Co-relation co-efficient. Results: Incidence of low birth weight was higher in teenage pregnancies with high parity and low socio-economic status. Incidence of low birth weight was also seen to be high in illiterate females. Conclusions: Maternal age parity and literacy have a significant effect on the birth weight of the newborn. (authors)
The Death of Empedocles

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Empedocles' jump into Etna has fascinated both scholars and poets from ancient until modern times. ** Diogenes Laertius gave two versions of the jump; Matthew Arnold made it the subject of his long dramatic poem, Empedocles on Etna. The more one probes into the story, the more fascinating it is, as it becomes ever more clear that Empedocles was doomed to die in this particular manner. Not that he actually jumped into the volcano; rather, the manner of his death was determined by his biographers, by historians and compilers and, finally, by Empedocles himself. Empedocles' own works provided the ultimate source for those who wrote about him, and the way in which his philosophy was transformed into biography reveals more about ancient biographers, such as Diogenes Laertius, than it does about Empedocles. There was a tendency in the ancient world to approach any given text as biographical.1 Homer's life was pieced together from the Iliad and Odyssey; Aeschylus was presumed to have fought at Salamis because he describes that battle. Nearly all the biographical data that have come down to us from the ancient critics and historians about the lives of the poets were taken from their own poetry. The same case can be made for the lives of the philosophers. The legend of Empedocles neatly demonstrates this ancient tendency towards a biographical reading. A large enough body of Empedocles' own work is still extant, so that many of the legends and events about his life can be traced back to their original source. Since Empedocles was such a popular figure for the bi-
THE STUDY OF APPROPRIATE DIETARY METABOLIZABLE ENERGYAND CRUDE PROTEIN FOR YOUNG SILKY FOWLS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A feeding trial using two factors randomized block design and an metabolic trial were conducted to study the effects of dietary metabolizable energy(ME:11.30,12.35,13.40MJ/kg) and crude protein (CP:16%,18%,20%,22%) on performance and nutrient apparent digestibility of silky fowls.504 one-day old silky fowls were assigned to 12 treatments with 3 replicas of each treatment.The 8-week trail results showed that CP and ME levels influenced significantly the performance of silky flowls,but there were no significant effects by interaction between ME and CP on performance. During 0 to 8 weeks, average daily feed intake(ADFI) and feed conversion rate(FCR) were significantly improved as dietary ME level increased.However,dietary CP level influenced significantly the performance of silky fowls before 3-week-old.Furthermore,nutrient apparent digestibility was improved as dietary ME and CP levels increased. During 0 to 3 weeks, the appropriate dietary ME and CP levesl were 13.40 MJ/kg and 20%.During 0 to 8 weeks,diet with 12.35MJ/kg and 18% CP was recommended to use.
Supplementary material from "Intracellular coupling modulates biflagellar synchrony"

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Beating flagella exhibit a variety of synchronization modes. This synchrony has long been attributed to hydrodynamic coupling between the flagella. However, recent work with flagellated algae indicates that a mechanism internal to the cell, through the contractile fibres connecting the flagella basal bodies, must be at play to actively modulate flagellar synchrony. Exactly how basal coupling mediates flagellar coordination remains unclear. Here, we examine the role of basal coupling in the synchronization of the model biflagellate Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a series of mathematical models of decreasing level of complexity. We report that basal coupling is sufficient to achieve inphase, antiphase and bistable synchrony, even in the absence of hydrodynamic coupling and flagellar compliance. These modes can be reached by modulating the activity level of the individual flagella or the strength of the basal coupling. We observe a slip mode when allowing for differential flagellar activity, just as in experiments with live cells. We introduce a dimensionless ratio of flagellar activity to basal coupling that is predictive of the mode of synchrony. This ratio allows us to query biological parameters which are not yet directly measurable experimentally. Our work shows a concrete route for cells to actively control the synchronization of their flagella.
Climate Change, Deforestation, and the Fate of the Amazon

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The forest biome of Amazonia is one of Earth's greatest biological treasures and a major component of the Earth system. This century, it faces the dual threats of deforestation and stress from climate change. Here, we summarize some of the latest findings and thinking on these threats, explore the consequences for the forest ecosystem and its human residents, and outline options for the future of Amazonia. We also discuss the implications of new proposals to finance preservation of Amazonian forests.
Factors Associated with Utilization of 17-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate for the Prevention of Recurrent Preterm Birth

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Weekly 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17OHP-C) from 16 to 36 weeks' gestation reduces the risk of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). Limited data suggest poor adherence to published guidelines. This study aimed to identify factors associated with 17OHP-C utilization. Study Design This retrospective cohort study included women with a singleton pregnancy who delivered within one academic health system between January 2014 and December 2015. Eligible women had a history of ≥1 singleton sPTB. Primary outcomes were counseling about, receipt of, and adherence to 17OHP-C therapy. Demographic and clinical predictors of the primary outcomes were determined using stepwise logistic regression. Results Of 410 eligible subjects, 69% (N = 284) were counseled about and 36% (N = 148) received 17OHP-C. Hispanic ethnicity, delay in prenatal care initiation, and a history of prior term births were associated with lower odds of 17OHP-C counseling. Each week delay in prenatal care initiation, Hispanic ethnicity, and each additional week's gestation of the earliest prior sPTB decreased the odds of receiving 17OHP-C. Maternal age and prior term births were associated with adherence. Conclusion Utilization of evidence-based 17OHP-C therapy remains suboptimal: cultural and access-to-care barriers for eligible women may impede efforts to decrease recurrent sPTB rates.
Effect of growth hormone on secretion of pregnancy-associated murine protein-1 (PAMP-1) in female and male rats.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effect of 2 daily injections of human growth hormone (hGH) on serum levels of pregnancy-associated murine protein-1 (PAMP-1) was analysed in male and female Mol:WIST rats. In untreated control male rats the PAMP-1 level in the circulation is below the detection limit of rocket immunoelectrophoresis whereas females have a high serum level of PAMP-1. hGH treatment of male rats resulted in a dose-dependent increase in PAMP-1 concentration, whereas a similar treatment of female rats resulted in a significant decrease of the PAMP-1 concentration in serum. Methylprednisolone treatment either alone or in combination with hGH had no significant effect on the level of PAMP-1 in serum of male rats. It is concluded that the normal sexually determined different secretion pattern of PAMP-1 can be modified towards an intermediate pattern by administration of exogenous hGH.