jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SECOND WAVE AND PANDEMIC SITUATION OF COVID-(2020-2021) IN BANGLADESH

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In Bangladesh, the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) reported the first COVID-19 positive patients in the country on March 8, 2020. The world health organization (WHO) declared a COVID-19 epidemic on March 11, 2020. The aim of this study was related to the situation and relation of tests, infested, recovered and death of people against COVID-19 of Bangladesh. The study was carried out from 8 March 2020 to 30 April 2021 (N=419 days) to observe the status of Bangladesh towards rampant COVID-19. Methods: The data of this research was collected from IEDCR, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), and cross-checked with different newspapers and online news portals. Correlations were made using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: The total tests, infection, recovered and died were 5357294, 747761, 669995 and 11250; respectively in Bangladesh. The tests of COVID-19 were 1482, 69252, 244064, 460528, 409503, 362113, 397452, 389452, 436862, 454892, 424034, 392403 and 722848 in March to December, 2020 to January to April 2021; respectively in Bangladesh. The infestation of COVID-19 was 49, 7616, 39486, 98330, 92125, 73070, 50457, 44205, 57248, 58948, 21629, 11077 and 128555 in March to December, 2020 to January to April 2021; respectively in Bangladesh. The recovered of COVID-19 was 25, 135, 7904, 34845, 76517, 69452, 71600, 48658, 56099, 70367, 22285, 17140 and 150816 in March to December, 2020 to January to April 2021; respectively in Bangladesh. The death of COVID-19 was 6, 163, 472, 1198, 1264, 1125, 970, 666, 718, 938, 568, 277 and 2237 in March to December, 2020 to January to April 2021; respectively in Bangladesh. The maximum number of people infested and death in April, 2021. The positive correlation found between infested with tests and recovered with tests of April, 2021 by people where (R2= 0.5289, p<0.012 and 0.0000006 p<0.05) and the negative correlation found between tests with date and death with tests (R2= 0.2567, p<0.01 and 0.3614, p<0.01). All the Spearman correlation positive with moderate to strong relation between the variables at the 0.01 level in two-tailed and the total number was n=419. The mean Spearman correlation for tests was 0.31 (range 0.553 to 0.634), for infested was 0.35 (range 0.611 to 0.880), for recovered was 0.796 (range 0.634 to 0.799), for death was 0.808 (range 0.553 to 0.880). March to December 2020 and January to February 2021, not much less than April 2021. Conclusions: More people infested and died in April, 2021 than previous year. This study also indicated that there is moderate to strong relation among tests, infested, recovered and death with COVID-(2020-2021).
Unified formulation of interfacial magnonic pumping from non-collinear magnets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We establish a general formulation for spin current pumped by magnons at the interface between a normal metal and a magnetic insulator, valid for any non-collinear magnetic configuration in the linear spin wave regime. This current is generated by driving the system in a non-equilibrium state, covering setups such as thermal spin injection (spin Seebeck effect) or spin voltage by irradiation of the insulator (spin pumping). We illustrate the formula in the special case of a honeycomb topological ferromagnet, for simplicity, and cover both the spin Seebeck and spin-pumping setups. We show how the topological parameters influence the spin current and propose a way to obtain a contribution mainly from the topological edge magnons in the spin pumping case.
Does Gokana Really Have No Syllables? (Or: What's So Great About Being Universal?)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Over 25 years ago, Hyman (1983Hyman ( , 1985) ) made the claim that Gokana, an Ogoni (Niger-Congo) language of Nigeria, does not organise its consonants and vowels into syllables.This was a radical and in principle non-welcome position, given the centrality of the syllable in almost all phonological work at the time.Still, as Richard Hayward pointed out many years later, the extensive treatment of Gokana largely went unnoticed
[Use of monoclonal antibodies for the immunoenzyme determination of creatine kinase-isoenzyme MB].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies for creatine kinase-MB in human serum is described. The specificity and the linearity have been studied. The coefficient of within assay ranges from 6% to 22.5% according to the concentrations. The coefficient of between-assay ranges from 8% to 16.6%. Compared to electrophoresis, the results obtained with the enzyme immunoassay are a better sign of the physical state of the patients.
KAPLAMASIZ SEMENTİT KARBÜR KESİCİ TAKIM VE KESME PARAMETRELERİNİN YÜZEY PÜRÜZLÜLÜĞÜNE ETKİSİNİN DENEYSEL OLARAK İNCELENMESİ

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Bu çalışmada, AISI 1030 çeliği bilgisayarlı sayısal denetimli (BSD) torna tezgahında, soğutma sıvısı kullanılmadan, kesme derinliği sabit tutularak (2 mm), değişik kesme hızı ve ilerleme hızı değerlerinde kesme işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. AISI 1030 çeliği kaplamasız sementit karbür kesici takımla işlenerek, kesme parametrelerinden kesme hızı ve ilerleme hızı değerinin yüzey pürüzlülüğüne etkisi araştırılmıştır. Deneylerde, 0.25 - 0.45 mm/dev arasında beş farklı ilerleme ve 100, 200 ve 300 m/dak kesme hızı kullanılmıştır. İlerleme değerinin % 80 azaltılmasıyla yüzey pürüzlülüğünde % 215 iyileşme sağlanmış, kesme hızının % 200 azaltılmasıyla ise % yüzey pürüzlülüğünde % 13 iyileşme elde edilmiştir.
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies are associated with radiographic damage but not disease activity in early rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed in 2006–2011

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The discovery of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and the introduction of new therapeutic options have had profound impacts on early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) care. Since ACPA status, most widely assessed as reactivity to cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCPs), influences treatment decisions in early RA, we aimed to determine whether anti-CCP remains a predictor of disease activity and radiographic joint damage in more recent ‘real-world’ early RA. Method: Two observational early RA cohorts from Sweden enrolled patients in 1996–1999 (TIRA-1, n = 239) and 2006–2009 (TIRA-2, n = 444). Clinical and radiographic data and ongoing treatment were prospectively collected up to 3 years. Two other cohorts served as confirmation cohorts (TRAM-1, with enrolment 1996–2000, n = 249; and TRAM-2, 2006–2011, n = 528). Baseline anti-CCP status was related to disease activity, pharmacotherapy, and radiographic joint damage according to Larsen score. Results: In the TIRA-1 cohort, anti-CCP-positive patients had significantly higher 28-joint Disease Activity Score, swollen joint count, C-reactive protein level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate during follow-up compared with anti-CCP-negative patients. In TIRA-2, no such differences were found, but baseline anti-CCP positivity was associated with higher 3 year Larsen score (5.4 vs 3.5, p = 0.039). In TRAM-2, anti-CCP also predicted radiographic damage (8.9 vs 6.7, p = 0.027), with no significant differences in disease activity. Conclusion: In the early RA cohorts recruiting patients in 2006–2011, baseline anti-CCP positivity was not associated with disease activity over time, but was associated with increased radiographic damage at follow-up. Hence, close radiographic monitoring is warranted in early anti-CCP-positive RA regardless of disease activity.
Paroxysmal Exercise-induced Dyskinesias Caused by GLUT1 Deficiency Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome is due to de novo mutations in the SLC2A1 gene encoding the glucose transporter type 1. Phenomenology Shown: Paroxysmal motor manifestations induced by exercise or fasting may be the main manifestations of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome. Educational Value: Proper identification of the paroxysmal events and early diagnosis is important since the disease is potentially treatable.
Genetic Modification of Primary Human Myeloid Cells to Study Cell Migration, Activation, and Organelle Dynamics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes with key roles in the immune system. As antigen‐presenting cells, they link innate detection of microbes with programming adaptive immune responses. Myeloid DCs and macrophages also play critical roles in development, promote tissue homeostasis, and direct repair in response to injury and inflammation. As cellular migration and organelle dynamics are intimately connected with these processes, it is necessary to develop tools to track myeloid cell behavior and function. Here, we build on previously established protocols to isolate primary human myeloid cells from peripheral blood and report an optimized method for their genetic modification with lentiviral vectors to study processes related to cell migration, activation, and organelle dynamics. Specifically, we provide a protocol for delivering genetically encoded fluorescent markers into primary monocyte‐derived DCs (MDDCs) and monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) to label mitochondria, peroxisomes, and whole cells. We describe the isolation of primary CD14+ monocytes from peripheral blood using positive selection with magnetic beads and, alternatively, isolation based on plastic adherence. Isolated CD14+ cells can be transduced with lentiviral vectors and subsequently cultured in the presence of cytokines to derive MDDCs or MDMs. This protocol is highly adaptable for cotransduction with vectors to knock down or overexpress genes of interest. These tools enable mechanistic studies of genetically modified myeloid cells through flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and other downstream assays. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol : Transduction of MDDCs and MDMs with lentiviral vectors encoding fluorescent markers Alternate Protocol 1 : Isolation of monocytes by plastic adhesion Alternate Protocol 2 : Transduction of MDDCs and MDMs with lentiviral vectors to knock down or overexpress genes of interest Support Protocol 1 : Production and purification of lentiviral vectors for transduction into primary human myeloid cells Support Protocol 2 : Flow cytometry of MDDCs and MDMs Support Protocol 3 : Fixed and live‐cell imaging of fluorescent markers in MDMs and MDDCs
Postcoloniality and Mythologies of Civil(ized) Society

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article argues that the discourse of viability of civil society in postcolonial polities is theoretically ungrounded, and helps to further marginalize subordinated sections of these societies. These failings result from the imprisonment of dominant social theories in Eurocentric unilinear evolutionism, an imprisonment that blinds one from the particularities of supposedly universal categories that issue from Europe's experience of modernity. Furthermore, enthusiasm for civil society ignores the truncated colonial career of modernity and the nature of the postcolonial state. In order to substantiate these propositions, the paper traces the genealogy of the concept of civil society, examines the colonial career of modernity, and analyses the nature of the postcolonial state using Pakistan as an example.
Large-scale functional network connectivity mediates the associations between lipids metabolism and cognition in type 2 diabetes

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with dyslipidemia and mild cognitive impairment. This study investigated the relationships between serum lipids metabolism, cognition, and functional connectivity (FC) within and between brain networks in T2D patients. The study included 102 T2D patients and 45 healthy controls who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging, lipid profile tests, and cognitive assessments. Thirteen functional networks were identified using independent component analysis. The statistical analyses included multivariate analysis of covariance, partial correlation, canonical correlation, and mediation analyses. We found widely reduced between-network FCs in T2D, especially between the ventral sensorimotor network (SMN) and dorsal attention network (DAN) (p = 0.001) and between the ventral SMN and lateral visual network (VN) (p < 0.001). Moreover, lower between-network FCs were correlated with worse serum lipids metabolism and poorer cognitive performance (all p < 0.05). Importantly, between-network FCs mediated the relationship between lipid metabolism and cognition (β = −0.3136, 95% CI: −0.7660, −0.0186). Within-network analyses revealed altered FCs within the anterior default mode network, DAN, and lateral VN, each positively correlated with global cognition (all p < 0.01). Our results suggest the potential of improving cognitive function by regulating serum lipids in individuals with T2D.
[Lung carcinoma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chemotherapy for patients with advanced lung carcinoma at an early period of diseases contributes to prolonged survival. However, since survivals are limited to around 1 year, it is critical for patients to stay at home and continue their social activities under chemotherapy. As active agents such as paclitaxel, docetaxel, gemcitabine, vinorelbine and irinotecan were introduced into clinical practice, and new techniques for preventing side effects such as emesis and neutropenia were developed, chemotherapy for outpatients become feasible also in Japan. In addition, the outpatient chemotherapy, preventing oncologic emergency and early starting of palliative care are also very important for patients'quality of life (QOL) at home. This review summarizes the present status of taking care for outpatients with lung cancer.
The developing role of the educator in Web 2.0 and OER environments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The proliferation of Web 2.0 social networking tools enables the creation of new open teaching and learning spaces. However the adoption of open social networks to encourage collaborative work around Open Educational Resources (OER) is a more recent phenomenon. This paper investigates the use of an open social forum associated with OER to facilitate informal and formal online activity between learners and teachers. The two participants who are lecturers are familiar with the use of closed and password protected online environments. The developing role of the educator in open social networks is investigated through actual use of OER and open forums for informal learning and the lecturers’ attitudes towards use for formal learning are explored. The findings suggest that one lecturer wanted to consider using open environments for formal learning and one lecturer did not. Although the findings in the main are positive, there is a suggestion that facilitative techniques (both human and activity based) need to be further developed to support and sustain learning communication with OER and associated open forums. This paper gives initial feedback about expected and actual usage of OER and open forums for co-operative and collaborative learning.
ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF COHORT, GENDER, AND RACE ON DIFFERENTIAL ITEM FUNCTIONING (DIF) IN AN ADAPTIVE TEST DESIGNED FOR MULTI-AGE GROUPS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Differential item functioning (DIF) statistics were computed using items from the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT)-Reading Comprehension subtest for children of the same age group (ages 7 through 12 respectively). The pattern of observed DIF items was determined by comparing each cohort across age groups. Differences related to race and gender were also identified within each cohort. Characteristics of DIF items were identified based on sentence length, vocabulary frequency, and density of a sentence. DIF items were more frequently associated with short sentences than with long sentences. This study explored the potential limitation in the longitudinal use of items in an adaptive test.
Effective Tariff Protection and Resource Allocation: A Non-Parametric Approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

An effort is made to provide a more satisfactory test of the usefulness of effective tariff rates in determining resource movements by comparing effective rates of protection calculated for South Africa for two points of time with resource shifts over the same time. Also tested are whether the ''high'' and ''low'' effective rates and percentage changes in effective rates predict resource shifts better tha the complete scale of rates. The authors then test the conclusion that resources have been attracted to only those sectors that have very high effective rates or large percentage changes in effective rate and examine the association between nominal tariff rates and resource allocation. Cohen in 1969 and Guisenger and Schydlowsky in 1970 showed that there is a high correlation between nominal and effective rates, which raises the question of whether it is worth calculating effective tariff rates if nominal rates are close substitutes. 14 references.
A Two‐Row Seeder for Water‐Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Plots1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A floating two‐row seeder has been developed for waterseeded experimental rice ( Oryza saliva L.) plots. Seed distribution and stand establishment are more uniform than that obtained through hand seeding. This improved seeder requires only two operators rather than the four previously needed.
Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Intact Proteins Larger than 100 kDa

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Effectively determining masses of proteins is critical to many biological studies (e.g. for structural biology investigations). Accurate mass determination allows one to evaluate the correctness of protein primary sequences, the presence of mutations and/or post-translational modifications, the possible protein degradation, the sample homogeneity, and the degree of isotope incorporation in case of labelling (e.g. 13C labelling). Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) is widely used for mass determination of denatured proteins, but its efficiency is affected by the composition of the sample buffer. In particular, the presence of salts, detergents, and contaminants severely undermines the effectiveness of protein analysis by ESI-MS. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS is an attractive alternative, due to its salt tolerance and the simplicity of data acquisition and interpretation. Moreover, the mass determination of large heterogeneous proteins (bigger than 100 kDa) is easier by MALDI-MS due to the absence of overlapping high charge state distributions which are present in ESI spectra. Here we present an accessible approach for analyzing proteins larger than 100 kDa by MALDI-time of flight (TOF). We illustrate the advantages of using a mixture of two matrices (i.e. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) and the utility of the thin layer method as approach for sample deposition. We also discuss the critical role of the matrix and solvent purity, of the standards used for calibration, of the laser energy, and of the acquisition time. Overall, we provide information necessary to a novice for analyzing intact proteins larger than 100 kDa by MALDI-MS.
Correlation Coefficient Studies on Certain Quantitative Traits in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To understand the relationship among different quantitative traits, correlation studies were performed by utilizing eighty-eight inbred strains of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. on twelve economic characters. Analysis resulted in correlation of 5th instar period with total larval period (r ＝ 0.7882), cocoon weight with shell weight (r ＝ 0.8326), shell weight with shell ratio (r ＝ 0.5067), shell ratio with raw silk ％ (r ＝ 0.7570), raw silk ％ with filament length (r ＝ 0.3490), filament size (denier) with reelability (r ＝ 0.3193) and boil-off loss % (r ＝ 0.2792). Negative correlation was observed among filament length with filament size (r ＝ 0.7582) and reelability with boil-off loss % (r ＝ -0.3236). Correlation of different quantitative characters for quality silk production is discussed.
Genetic Complementation Studies of Human Pin1 in Azotobacter vinelandii Revealed that it Requires Amino Terminus of the NifM to Deliver PPIase Effect to the Fe-protein of Nitrogenase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The NifM is a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase and is required for the maturation and activation of the Fe protein of Nitrogenase. Since the carboxyl terminus of NifM is similar to the Human Pin1, we expressed the Human Pin1 in A. vinelandii BG98, a nifM mutant strain containing a kanamycin insertion and found that it could not complement the function of nifM. It was hypothesized that the amino terminus of the NifM might be required for the Pin1 to bind to NifH similar to requirement of the WW domain for the binding to pSer/Thr-Pro of Cdc25C. Therefore we expressed a NifM amino-terminal and Pin1 fusion protein chimera in A. vinelandii BG98 and this chimera was able to complement the function of NifM. This observation indicated that the amino-terminal of NifM is responsible for the specificity for NifH similar to the specificity of WW domain of Pin1 for pSer/Thr-Pro while the carboxyl terminal domain functions as peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase.
Analytical Currents: DNA sequencing by RNA polymerase | Optically driving nanoscale resonators in liquids | Enhanced LSPR detects binding of small molecules | Nanoliter containers for controlled chemical reactions | Building 3D microfluidic circuits | Casting NMR in a new light

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNEWSNEXTAnalytical Currents: DNA sequencing by RNA polymerase | Optically driving nanoscale resonators in liquids | Enhanced LSPR detects binding of small molecules | Nanoliter containers for controlled chemical reactions | Building 3D microfluidic circuits | Casting NMR in a new lightCite this: Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 21, 7355–7357Publication Date (Web):November 1, 2006Publication History Published online1 November 2006Published inissue 1 November 2006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0694730RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (117 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Biotechnology,Circuits,Genetics,Liquids,Small molecules Get e-Alerts