jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synopsis of the bee genus Coelioxys Latreille (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) of Japan, with description of a new species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Japanese species of the bee genus Coelioxys are reviewed, and 10 species in three subgenera are recognized: C. (Torridapis) fenestrata Smith, 1873, C. (T) ducalis Smith, 1853 ; C. (Allocoelioxys) formosicola Strand, 1913, C. (Boreocoelioxys) yanonis Matsumura, 1912, C. (B) hiroba Nagase, 2003, C. (B) hosoba Nagase, 2003, C. (B) inermis Kirby, 1802 , C. (B) alata Foerster, 1853 , C. (B) rufescens Lepeletier & Serville, 1825, and C. (B) sakamotorum sp. nov. The lectotype of C. yanonis is designated. Coelioxys suisharyonis Strand, 1913, and C. hakonensis Cockerell, 1919 , are synonymized with C. yanonis , and C. taiwanensis Cockerell, 1927 is synonymized with C. formosicola. Supplementary descriptions are provided for C. yanonis , C. formosicola, C. hiroba and C. hosoba . Records of host bees are reviewed. A key to Japanese species is presented.
SUBSTANTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TOLERANT CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE YOUTH

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The paper is devoted to the consideration of changes taking place in modern society and their influence on the forming of tolerant consciousness of the youth. The results of empiric research of value and life-meaning orientations are presented alongside with the tolerance level and types of ethnic identity of young men and women of rural and urban communities. The important values for the young generation are «independence», «kindness» and «safety». According to the level of life-meaningfulness, young women are more likely to value the life process and to control life events than young men. Young people regardless of their gender and place of living have optimal level of tolerance and positive ethnic identity. The formation of tolerant consciousness including the systems of life-meaningl and value orientations implies the formation of positive ethnic identity which allows the successful adaptation of the young generation to social changes.
SH479613.07FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Single-frame super resolution of remote-sensing images by convolutional neural networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Super resolution (SR) refers to generation of a high-resolution (HR) image from a decimated, blurred, low-resolution (LR) image set, which can be either a single-frame or multi-frame that contains a collection of images acquired from slightly different views of the same observation area. In this study, two convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning techniques are adapted in single-frame SR to increase the resolution of remote sensing (RS) images by a factor of 2, 3, and 4. In order to both preserve the colour information and speed up the algorithm, first an intensity hue saturation (IHS) transform is utilized and the SR techniques are only applied to the intensity channel of the images. Colour information is then restored with an inverse IHS transformation. We demonstrate the results of the proposed method on RS images acquired from Satellites Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT) or Earth-observing satellites and Pleiades satellites with different spatial resolution. First synthetic LR images are created by downsampling, then structural similarity (SSIM) Index, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Erreur Relative Globale Adimensionnelle de Synthese (ERGAS) values are calculated for a quantitative evaluation of the methods. Finally, the method, with better performance results, is tested within a real scenario, that is, with original LR images as the input. The obtained HR images demonstrated visible qualitative enhancements.
Homodyne Demodulation Scheme for Fiber Optic Sensors Using Phase Generated Carrier

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A method of homodyne demodulation using a phase generated carrier is described and experimentally demonstrated. The method has a large dynamic range, good linearity, and is capable of detecting phase shifts in the microradian range. The detection scheme obviates the phase tracker resetting problem encountered in active homodyne detection schemes. Two methods of producing the carrier are presented, one employing a piezoelectric stretcher, the other using current induced frequency modulation of the diode laser source. These two methods are compared. The origins of the noise limiting the system are briefly discussed.
Questionnaire validation practice within a theoretical framework: a systematic descriptive literature review of health literacy assessments

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective Validity refers to the extent to which evidence and theory support the adequacy and appropriateness of inferences based on score interpretations. The health sector is lacking a theoretically-driven framework for the development, testing and use of health assessments. This study used the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing framework of five sources of validity evidence to assess the types of evidence reported for health literacy assessments, and to identify studies that referred to a theoretical validity testing framework. Methods A systematic descriptive literature review investigated methods and results in health literacy assessment development, application and validity testing studies. Electronic searches were conducted in EBSCOhost, Embase, Open Access Theses and Dissertations and ProQuest Dissertations. Data were coded to the Standards ’ five sources of validity evidence, and for reference to a validity testing framework. Results Coding on 46 studies resulted in 195 instances of validity evidence across the five sources. Only nine studies directly or indirectly referenced a validity testing framework. Evidence based on relations to other variables is most frequently reported. Conclusions The health and health equity of individuals and populations are increasingly dependent on decisions based on data collected through health assessments. An evidence-based theoretical framework provides structure and coherence to existing evidence and stipulates where further evidence is required to evaluate the extent to which data are valid for an intended purpose. This review demonstrates the use of the Standards’ theoretical validity testing framework to evaluate sources of evidence reported for health literacy assessments. Findings indicate that theoretical validity testing frameworks are rarely used to collate and evaluate evidence in validation practice for health literacy assessments. Use of the Standards’ theoretical validity testing framework would improve evaluation of the evidence for inferences derived from health assessment data on which public health and health equity decisions are based.
15.3: Roll‐to‐Roll Fine Copper Circuit Patterning Solutions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fine copper circuit on flexible substrate is highly demanded components for flexible displays. Two methods have been developed for making high resolution (7um, L/S) circuits with copper thickness up to 10 um: positive‐tone photolithography/wet etching, and semi‐additive photolithography/plating/flash etching processes. High throughput roll‐to‐roll process can be applied using both methods with proprietary positive‐tone photoresists for manufacturing flexible backplane and connector circuits.
Choosing a Restaurant: important attributes and related features of a consumer’s decision making process

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The identification of the attributes considered by consumers in their decision-making process is a competitive factor for organizations and consists of a field of research on the products and services available on the market. This study aimed at identifying which are the attributes and related features taken into account by consumers in their decision-making process for choosing a restaurant. Two studies were thus conducted, the first being a qualitative study based on interviews with 23 restaurant consumers. The research contributions were used for the development of a questionnaire for the second study carried out in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, in March 2014, which consisted of a survey made up of a sample of 600 customers of fast-food restaurants, continuous service (all-you-can-eat restaurants), buffet, and a la carte, totaling 438 valid questionnaires analyzed statistically, obtaining 12 groups with 46 attributes (service, beauty, comfort, nearby location, convenient location, choices, children, convenience, offers, perceived value, entertainment, and queue). On food evaluation, two groups were identified (organoleptic and presentation), regarding beverages, a single group was formed for seven indicators. The attributes on hygiene, food quality, service, and price made up the list of the most important aspects in the consumers’ decisionmaking process for choosing a restaurant (fast-food, continuous service – “all-you-caneat restaurants” –, buffet and a la carte). The identification of these attributes showed similarities between the restaurants surveyed and allowed the comparison of results with other surveys conducted in that field.
Degradation and Fragmentation of Microplastics

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The degradation of plastics in the ocean environment is especially interesting because it is believed to be the primary mechanism leading to fragmentation that generates secondary microplastics from plastic macro-litter. Degradation processes are generally classified according to the primary causative agent. Natural weathering of plastics on land environments is quite a slow process even under harsh exposure conditions of a sandy beach. This chapter reviews the chemistry of photo-oxidation of common polymers found in the ocean environment, especially those that float in seawater. The ocean environment consists of several zones that are very different in their ability to promote natural weathering of plastic litter. The first paper on photo-degradation of plastics in seawater was presented in the United States at a symposium held by the Society of Plastics Industry in 1987 and included preliminary data on the photodegradable polyethylenes.
Digital Literacies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dramatic shifts in our communication landscape have made it crucial for language teaching to go beyond print literacy and encompass the digital literacies which are increasingly central to learners' personal, social, educational and professional lives. By situating these digital literacies within a clear theoretical framework, this book provides educators and students alike with not just the background for a deeper understanding of these key 21st-century skills, but also the rationale for integrating these skills into classroom practice. This is the first methodology book to address not just why but also how to teach digital literacies in the English language classroom. This book provides: A theoretical framework through which to categorise and prioritise digital literacies Practical classroom activities to help learners and teachers develop digital literacies in tandem with key language skills A thorough analysis of the pedagogical implications of developing digital literacies in teaching practice A consideration of exactly how to integrate digital literacies into the English language syllabus Suggestions for teachers on how to continue their own professional development through PLNs (Personal Learning Networks), and how to access teacher development opportunities online This book is ideal for English language teachers and learners of all age groups and levels, academics and students researching digital literacies, and anyone looking to expand their understanding of digital literacies within a teaching framework.
Slag characterization :

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A rotating cylinder apparatus has been designed and constructed for measuring the viscosity of molten slags under steam pressure in the range 15 to ^300 psi and up to about 1400 °C.Two synthetic coal slags, one high in alkali and the other lower in alkali but higher in calcia were studied with this apparatus.In the high alkali slag equilibrium was probably not achieved and the viscosity appeared to increase with time.In the low alkali slag although the viscosity appeared to be increased with increasing steam pressure the ambient and higher pressure curves appear to tend to coalesce with increasing temperature.1
Digital Transformation for Sustainable Future - Agriculture 4.0 : A review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the last few years, while the COVID-19 pandemic affects food supply chains around the world, the agriculture sector also has faced many global problems, such as global warming, environmental pollution, climate change, and weather disasters. It has known that technological opportunities are available for human beings to get out of these predicaments, solving the interconnections between food-water-energy- climate nexus, and achieving agricultural transformation from traditional to digital.The aim of this review is to gain holistic solutions in a systematic view, based on water-energy-food resources to agricultural digital transformation that will play role in sustainable development. The transition from primitive to digital is given with road maps covering agricultural and industrial revolutions at four stages on timeline. Digital agriculture combined under precision agriculture and Agriculture 4.0 are handled based on domains covering monitoring, control, prediction, and logistics. Digital technologies are explained with application examples such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, decision support systems, etc. Wearable sensor technologies, real-time monitoring systems tracking whole conditions of animals in livestock, the IoT-based irrigation and fertilization systems that help enhance the efficiency of irrigation processes and minimize water and fertilizer losses in agricultural fields and greenhouses, blockchain-based electronic agriculture, and solutions based on drones and robotics that reduce herbicide and pesticide use are handled systematically. Moreover, renewable energy technologies to be provided synergy between technologies such as agrivoltaics and aquavoltaics combining food and energy production in rural are explained, besides solar-powered pivot and drip irrigation systems and environmental monitoring systems. As a result, for a sustainable future, technological innovations that increase crop productivity and improve crop quality, protect the environment, provide efficient resource use and decrease input costs can help us facing in agriculture of today overwhelm many the economic, social, and environmental challenges.
Interactions between a brood parasite and its host in relation to parasitism and immune defence

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nestlings of many brood parasites are reared together with those of their hosts, but still manage to monopolize a disproportionate share of the food delivered by adult hosts. We hypothesized that: (1) the low levels of host-speciWc pathogens of such brood parasite nestlings provide them with an advantage in competition for limited food; (2) a higher provisioning rate and the resulting better body condition of brood-parasite nestlings compared with that of host nestlings may increase the eYciency of their immune defence; (3) brood parasites may decrease the risk of parasitism and improve the immune response level of their oVpring by selecting hosts with a more eYcient immune defence (low pathogens load) and by selecting high-quality hosts, respectively. This eVect should provide brood-parasite nestlings with an advantage in their competition with host nestlings. This hypothesis was tested in the magpie Pica pica, which is the main European host of the great spotted cuckoo Clamator glandarius. Cuckoo nestlings are reared together with magpie nestlings, but the former usually manage to outcompete the latter. The results of our experiment were as follows. Magpie and great spotted cuckoo nestlings had similar prevalence of a generalist, directly transmitted haematophagous Diptera of the family Carnidae. Magpie nestlings had considerably higher prevalence and intensity of a haematozoan parasite of the genus Leucocytozoon than nestlings of the great spotted cuckoo. Great spotted cuckoo nestlings had greater immune responses, measured in terms of T-cell response to an injection with phytohaemagglutinin, sedimentation rate of erythrocytes and colour of the plasma than magpie nestlings. Heavier magpie nestlings had greater immune responses than lighter conspeciWcs. We found no support for the third hypothesis, however. Therefore, broodparasite nestlings may outcompete host nestlings because of pathogen speciWcity, and because of their eYcient immune system mediated by their higher rate of food intake.
Services science, management, and engineering: A literature review in the perspective of management science

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although services science, management, and engineering (SSME) is a new topic to both academics and practitioners, there are still many literature available so far. Since the subject is at the stage of development, a review of the literature on SSME with the objective of knowing what have been done will initiate further research and develop potential opportunities. This paper reviews the literature on SSME using a suitable classification to identify the gap between ideality and practice and to suggest future research directions. The 32 articles on SSME are classified into five categories: SSME overview, services science, services management, services engineering, and SSME education. A comprehensive list of the referenced literature is presented. We hope that the findings of this study will provide useful insight into anatomy of SSME literature and be a good source for anyone who is interested in SSME. The paper also provides some future research and education suggestions.
Isolation and molecular characterization of Salmonellaenterica and Escherichiacolifrom poultry samples

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Innumerable foodborne pathogens including Salmonella and Escherichia coli pose a serious threat to human health and food safety. As perishable foods, poultry products are considered one of the most common sources of foodborne pathogens including Salmonella and E. coli due to transmission of drug resistance, dissemination of organisms, and cross-contamination. In our study, phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of Salmonella enterica and E. coli isolated from packaged raw chicken products were carried out. Samples belonging to different commercial brands were collected in Ankara in 2015. Among 15 out of 19 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from different and/or same poultry samples were found as Infantis serotype, while 4 of them were identified as Enteritidis serotype by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) footprints. In addition, 19 out of 40 samples gave positive results for E. coli. In addition, PFGE types of Salmonella Infantis isolates were detected as PT 08, 45, and 50. Furthermore, multilocus sequence typing types of the samples were identified as ST 32. Results of the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella Infantis and E. coli isolates revealed considerable resistance to nalidixic acid, tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. On the other hand, 3 E. coli isolates showed antibiotic susceptibility. All in all, this study might enlighten some molecular features of Salmonella and E. coli isolated from chicken products in Turkey.
Comparation of Alticini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) species diversity in different habitats selected from Bafa Lake Natural Park (Aydın) basin with a new record for Turkish fauna

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Alticini species composition, richness and abundance were studied comparatively in four different habitats with different floristic characteristics chosen from Bafa Lake Natural Park. The study was conducted regularly at 15-day intervals during 2012 and 2013. A total of 480 individuals belonging to 10 genera and 55 species of Alticini were collected. Among them Longitarsus aeruginosus (Foudras, 1860) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was determined as new record for the Alticini fauna of Turkey and is presented with related figures. According to Shannon-Wiener, Simpson and Berger-Parker indices of diversity, Meadow area 1 (MA1) was detected as the most diverse habitat. Jaccard and Bray-Curtis similarity indices showed that Alticini communities in Olive grove area 1 (OGA1) and Meadow area 1 (MA1) were more closely related. Data gathered from regular samplings were also displayed by graphics obtained from analyses of Rarefaction and Abundance plot k-dominance. The reasons affecting species diversity of areas were discussed.
WIND-INDUCED WATER SURFACE SET-UP AND DRIFT CURRENTS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A systematic experiment to study the wind-induced flow phenomena was conducted in a laboratory tank. The results are related to the wind friction velocity and subsequently scaled for applications at various fetches under different wind velocities. The wind-stress coefficients are found to be well scaled by the Froude number. The bottom friction is measured with an effective shear gauge. The ratios between the bottom stress and the wind stress are obtained. The complete profiles of wind drift current are measured under various wind velocities. A tentative distribution of drift currents in the whole water depth is proposed. The results from the experiment are used to examine the wind-induced flow phenomena in a closed basin.
The Davos couch, Schatzalp Sanatorium (1900), Davos, Switzerland (author's photograph)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Copyright information:Taken from "What Tuberculosis did for Modernism: The Influence of a Curative Environment on Modernist Design and Architecture"Medical History 2005;49(4):463-488.Published online 01 Oct 2005PMCID:PMC1251640.© Margaret Campbell 2005
ISICL: In situ coherent lidar for particle detection in semiconductor-processing equipment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A scanning coherent lidar (laser radar) for detecting and mapping isolated submicrometer particles in hostile or inaccessible regions such as plasma chambers, ovens, tanks, and pipes is described. The sensor uses a noise-canceled diode laser homodyne interferometer of novel design that is insensitive to misalignment, runs at the quantum limit, and requires just one access window. At a false-count rate of 10(-5)Hz, the sensor needs 50 photons to detect a particle. A combination of techniques makes the system immune to stray light or laser light scattered from the chamber walls, though these other light sources may be 10(6) times more intense than the desired signal.