jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Structural film-laying machines for use in comb planting of potatoes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Currently, there are changes in climatic conditions: abrupt changes in temperature, humidity, strong winds, etc. Returning frosts are still possible in our zone until the end of the first decade of June.Climate variability affects the productivity of agricultural crops.For sustainable development of crops and the creation of favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants, and obtaining an early harvest, we can use the technology of covering early potato plantings using film stackers.There are various designs of film stackers, but there are features of covering the film along the ridge for growing early potatoes.Taking into account the peculiarities of growing potatoes on the ridge and covering the plantings to obtain early production was the goal of our work.A film stacker is proposed, which is adapted to the ridge technology of potato planting.The device works in the following way.When the film stacker passes over the field, a reel with the film or covering material is unwound.The covering material is pressed with a roller and then, due to the leveling fingers, is laid over the row, followed by the closing working bodies, which pour a loose layer of soil on each side on the edges of the film.A dense roller is formed, which securely fixes and presses the edges of the film to the soil.The design features of the film stacker reduce damage to the film and improve the quality of covering the ridges of early potato plantings, which provides an optimal water-temperature regime for plants in the first period of plant growth.
Analytical Proton Transfer Amplitude for Heavy Ion Induced Nuclear Reactions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Direct reactions between heavy ions have been studied widely using semi‐classical theories. The Distorted Wave Born Approximation or DWBA has been extensively applied to analyse transfer reaction processes. Initial attempts to gain insights into the simple semi‐classical parametrisation starting from the DWBA had focused mainly on neutron transfer reactions. An analytical formula for the semi‐classical amplitude for the transfer of a single neutron between bound classical orbits states in heavy ion collisions that agrees well with the DWBA calculations has been successfully derived. In this paper, we have successfully derived the corresponding analytical expression for the proton transfer amplitude by using a technique analogous to the transfer of a single neutron between bound states. Our result reduces to the well known expression for the neutron transfer amplitude in the limit that the nuclear charge tends to zero.
Molecular prognostic factors of irinotecan efficacy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

3621 Background: The most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) are 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin and irinotecan (CPT-11). There are no reliable prognostic factors to predict clinical outcome of CPT-11 treatment. We investigated whether mRNA levels of factors involved in the 5-FU metabolism (TS, DPD), in the CPT-11 metabolism (MDR1, Topoisomerase I), in angiogenesis (Cox-2, EGFR, IL-8, VEGF) and in DNA-repair/drug detoxification (ERCC1, GSTP1) are associated with the clinical outcome of patients with CRC treated with first-line 5-FU/Leucovorin/CPT-11. Methods: Thirty-three patients with metastatic CRC treated with first-line CPT-11 at USC between 2000 and 2003 were included in the study. Intratumoral gene expression levels were assessed from paraffin-embedded tissue samples using laser capture microdissection and quantitative Real-time PCR. Results: There were 16 women and 17 men (median age 53; range 40–75) with a median survival time of 27.9 months, median time to tumor progression of 9.9 months and median follow-up of 24.8 months. Complete response was observed in 1 (3%) patient, partial response in 12 (36%), stable disease in 13 (40%) and progressive disease in 6 (18%) patients (response was inevaluable for 1 patient). High intratumoral mRNA levels of EGFR, ERCC1, GSPTP1 and MDR1 were each significantly associated with response to CPT-11 based chemotherapy (p≤0.05). No significant association was found between mRNA levels and time to tumor progression. The mRNA levels of EGFR had a statistically significant correlation with ERCC1, GSTP1, MDR1 and VEGF (Spearman correlation coefficients ≥0.4; p<0.05). Conclusions: This retrospective study, with a small number of patients, suggests that gene expression levels of EGFR, ERCC1, GSPTP1 and MDR1 may be useful to predict the clinical outcome of patients with metastatic CRC with first-line CPT-11 based chemotherapy. It is consistent with recent studies suggesting an increased CPT-11 sensitivity mediated by higher EGFR expression and supports the previously reported relationship between EGFR and ERCC1/GSTP1. The role of MDR1 remains unknown. Our data are hypothesis generating and should be validated in larger and prospective clinical trials. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Response Genetics Chiron, Response Genetics, Genentech Response Genetics Roche, Pfizer, Lilly Oncology, Sanofi NCI, NIH
Donor impurity on-center and off-center in multilayered quantum wires in the presence of magnetic field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The binding energies of a hydrogenic impurity located at the center and off-center of a multilayered quantum wire (MLQW) in the presence of magnetic field are studied within the framework of the effective-mass approximation. The MLQW consists of a GaAs core wire coated by a AlxGa1−xAs cylindrical shell and embedded in the bulk AlyGa1−yAs. A variational trial wave function is proposed. It is found for a small wire radius that the ground state binding energy of a hydrogenic impurity located at the center of a MLQW behaves very differently from that of a single-layered quantum wire (SLQW). The calculation shows that the binding energy depends on the potential profiles, potential barrier height, impurity position, shell thickness, magnetic field, and the difference between the Al concentration contained in the shell and bulk regions. Our trial function is also able to reproduce the binding energies of a hydrogenic impurity located at the center of a SLQW, good agreement with the previous results is obtained.
Changes in physical properties of extruded sour cassava starch and quinoa flour blend snacks Mudanças nas propriedades físicas de snacks extrusados de misturas de polvilho azedo e farinha de quinoa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Given the broad acceptance of sour cassava starch biscuits in Brazil and the nutritional quality of quinoa flour, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of extrusion temperature, screw speed, moisture, and amount of quinoa flour on the physical properties of puffed snacks. Extrusion process was carried out using a single-screw extruder in a factorial central composite design with four factors. Effects of moisture and amount of quinoa flour on the expansion index and specific volume of snacks were observed. There was a pronounced increase in water solubility index of blends with the extrusion process with significant effects of all process parameters on the WSI. Higher water absorption index (WAI) was observed under high temperature, low moisture, and lower quinoa flour amount. Temperature and amount of quinoa flour influenced the color of the snacks. A positive quadratic effect of quinoa flour on hardness of products was observed. Blends of sour cassava starch and quinoa flour have good potential for use as raw material in production of extruded snacks with good physical properties.<br>Dada a ampla aceitação do biscoito de polvilho azedo no Brasil e a qualidade nutricional da farinha de quinoa, este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da temperatura de extrusão, rotação da rosca, umidade e porcentagem de farinha de quinoa sobre as propriedades físicas de snacks expandidos. O processo foi realizado em extrusor monorrosca, seguindo o delineamento central composto rotacional para quatro fatores. Foi observado o efeito da umidade e da porcentagem de farinha de quinoa sobre o índice de expansão e volume específico. Houve um aumento pronunciado na solubilidade das misturas com o processo de extrusão, com efeitos significativos de todos os parâmetros de processo no ISA. Maior índice de absorção de água (IAA) foi observado em alta temperatura, baixa umidade e menor porcentagem de farinha de quinoa. Temperatura e porcentagem de farinha de quinoa tiveram efeito sobre a cor dos produtos. Foi observado o efeito quadrático positivo de farinha de quinoa na mistura sobre a dureza dos produtos. Misturas de polvilho azedo e farinha de quinoa têm um bom potencial para utilização como matéria-prima na produção de snacks extrusados com boas propriedades físicas.
Perceptions, realities and forest communication

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Metsätalouden ja yhteiskunnan välisessä suhteessa yhteiskunnalliset vaatimukset vaikuttavat metsäsektoriin enemmän kuin sektorin sisäiset kehitystavoitteet.Tällöin tapa luoda maksimaalista ymmärrystä metsäsektorin ja yhteiskunnan välillä on kehittää tulevaisuutta yhdessä.Täten viestinnästä on tullut keskeinen tekijä nykyajan metsätaloudessa.Viestintä metsään liittyvistä asioista on vieläkin tärkeämpää kuin muilla aloilla, koska tertiäärinen sektori (palvelut
Use Of Lycra Based Orthoses For Children With Cerebral Palsy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to answer the research \nquestion: "Are lycra garments an effective form of orthotic treatment in children with cerebral \npalsy (CP)?" Various treatment options exist to help manage CP. Lycra garments claim to \ncontrol abnormal tone, improve functional abilities and stabilise posture of people with \nneurological disorders (Blair et al. 1995, Hylton and Allen 1997). However, no systematic \nreview has evaluated the evidence in this area. \n \nSearch strategy \nThe databases EBSCO host, Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, Web of Science, Scopus, \nCochrane and NHS E-Library were searched with keywords from 1990 to February 2013 to \nidentify articles. \nAll study designs types were included, provided they met the inclusion criteria. Participants \nmust be between 1-17 years, diagnosed with CP, can wear any type of lycra garment, \nhaving not worn a lycra garment previously. The Effective Public Health Practice Project \n(EPHPP) tool was utilised to rate the study's methodological quality. \n \nResults \nIn total 8 articles were included. Improvements were shown in measures of function, \nmovement and posture in all included studies while wearing the lycra garment. However, \nonly 3 articles reported statistically significant results. Elliott et al. (2011) showed significant \nchanges in movement substructures and motor performance. Nicolson et al. (2001) showed \nimprovements in self-help (p<0.01), mobility (p<0.05) and social function (p<0.1). Blair et al. \n(1995) showed improvements in quality of upper limb movement (p=0.059) and posture (p=0.035). Many practical difficulties were noted in terms of donning and doffing the garment \nand toileting. \n \nConclusion \nLycra garments were shown to improve measures of function, posture and movement; \nhowever with the many methodological weaknesses it is difficult to appraise this treatment \noption. Future research is needed to make a truly evidenced base decision on whether lycra \ngarments have a place in the clinical setting.
Decrease in Mean Platelet Volume after percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy in patients with Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Rheumatic mitral stenosis (RMS) is associated with increased thromboembolic events, especially in the presence of concomitant atrial fibrillation. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is the marker of platelet activity as larger platelets are hemostatically active and have more propensity of thrombosis. It has also been reported that percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) attenuates platelet activity. We aimed to investigate whether PTMC decreases MPV in patients with RMS. Methods: In the present study, MPV was measured in 39 patients with RMS in sinus rhythm just before and one month after PTMC. Thirty four, sex and age-matched, apparently healthy controls were used for comparison. Mitral valve area (MVA), mean diastolic gradient across mitral valve (MDG) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) were measured using transthoracic echocardiography and mean left atrial (LA) pressure measured during the procedure. Results: As compared to apparently healthy controls, patients with RMS had higher MPV (11.51±1.46 v. 9.6+0.75l, p<0.001). All patients with RMS underwent successful PTMC. One month after the procedure, LA diameter, MVA, MDG, PASP and LA pressures were reduced significantly (p< 0.001). The final mean platelet volume measured in patients with RMS undergoing PTMC measured after one month also had significant reduction when compared with the initial mean MPV (11.51±1.46 vs 9.55 1.11 0.001). Conclusions: As compared to apparently healthy controls, patients with RMS have higher MPV reflecting increased platelet activity, and PTMC is associated with a significant decrease in MPV one month after the procedure.
The Role of Transport in Reverse Distribution Chains

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Reverse distribution operations have become significant to the manufacturers in supporting the firms to achieve the circularity of products in the reverse flow chains. There are four main components of the reverse distribution chains; inbound and outbound transportation, collection of returns, centralised returns centres, and recovery process. Transport is essential by reducing the lead time and transportation cost of the used and the recovered products. Therefore, it is pertinent that the manufacturers continue endeavouring for the sustainable transportation process in each of the components to ensure the success of the reverse distribution chains.
Advanced Baseball Statistics

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We developed an expansive database collected from multiple sources that contains the outcome of each at bat in every baseball game since 1921, and the Las Vegas betting odds on every game since 2006. With 13 million records, we created new statistics and develop enhanced prediction models. Our thinking has always been centered around probabilities and sustainable production on the baseball field. This sustainable production is what will lead to player’s and team’s future successes. As a result, we have tried to quantify that success and implemented it into our models. We have created different models, and have had varying success with predicting the outcomes of baseball games. Lastly, we compared our models to Las Vegas book odds to see if any teams represented an arbitrage opportunity.
Map-based Visual-Inertial Localization: Consistency and Complexity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Drift-free localization is essential for autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we address the problem by proposing a filter-based framework, which integrates the visual-inertial odometry and the measurements of the features in the pre-built map. In this framework, the transformation between the odometry frame and the map frame is augmented into the state and estimated on the fly. Besides, we maintain only the keyframe poses in the map and employ Schmidt extended Kalman filter to update the state partially, so that the uncertainty of the map information can be consistently considered with low computational cost. Moreover, we theoretically demonstrate that the ever-changing linearization points of the estimated state can introduce spurious information to the augmented system and make the original four-dimensional unobservable subspace vanish, leading to inconsistent estimation in practice. To relieve this problem, we employ first-estimate Jacobian (FEJ) to maintain the correct observability properties of the augmented system. Furthermore, we introduce an observability-constrained updating method to compensate for the significant accumulated error after the long-term absence (can be 3 minutes and 1 km) of map-based measurements. Through simulations, the consistent estimation of our proposed algorithm is validated. Through real-world experiments, we demonstrate that our proposed algorithm runs successfully on four kinds of datasets with the lower computational cost (20% time-saving) and the better estimation accuracy (45% trajectory error reduction) compared with the baseline algorithm VINS-Fusion, whereas VINS-Fusion fails to give bounded localization performance on three of four datasets because of its inconsistent estimation.
Antifungal and Antiaging Evaluation of Aerial Part Extracts of Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In western Algeria, Thymelaea hirsuta aerial parts are traditionally used topically for the treatment of human skin infections. For a better knowledge of its biological activities, this study aimed at evaluating the in vitro antifungal activity and antiaging properties of several extracts of the aerial parts by in vitro assays. Antifungal activity was investigated by using the reference microbroth dilution method (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) against the dermatophytes ( Microsporum audouinii, Nannizzia gypsea, Trichophyton interdigitale, and Trichophyton rubrum) and the yeast ( Candida albicans). Antiaging (inhibition of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhyorazyl radical scavenging and tyrosinase, lipoxygenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase activities) assays were performed in 96-well plates. All the extracts of T. hirsuta exhibited antifungal activity against M. audouinii, T. rubrum, and C. albicans, while no activity was found against N. gypsea and T. interdigitale. The highest activity was observed on M. audouinii for the aqueous leaf (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] of 8 µg/mL) and stem extracts (MIC = 31 µg/mL) and the methanolic leaf extract (MIC = 8 µg/mL). Additionally, some marked morphological alterations were observed on M. audouinii hyphae with all aqueous extracts. Concerning antiage bioassays, the major activity was found against hyaluronidase for the aqueous and methanolic extracts from leaves and the methanolic extract from flowers. Analysis of this last extract by high-performance liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance, allowed us to identify daphnoretin and daphnetin as major components of this extract, and, therefore, responsible for the antiaging activity. In conclusion, this study provides additional experimental data supporting the traditional use of T. hirsuta extracts on some cutaneous dermatophytosis, as well as new perspectives on the potential use of T. hirsuta to ensure better healing of the skin.
Strong Consistency of Certain Sequential Estimators

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Motivated by Loynes' (1969) treatment of (weak) consistency of sequential estimators, we establish here some allied results on strong consistency. The strengthened conclusion is achieved by imposing further restrictions, so that our results are not as broadly applicable as Loynes'. The reader is referred to Loynes' paper for additional motivation and discussion. As in that paper, we are concerned with estimators that improve a given one by taking conditional expectations with respect to a sufficient statistic, in the case where the sample size may itself be a random variable. $x_1, x_2, \\cdots$ will denote the data sequence, random variables defined on a measurable space $(\\Omega, \\mathscr{a})$. All probability measures considered on $(\\Omega, \\mathscr{a})$ will render the sequence iid. It is seen below (Theorem 3.4) that a given sequence $\\{t_i\\}$ of stopping times for the data sequence leads to a strongly consistent sequence of estimators if $\\lim t_i = + \\infty$ a.s., and the $t_i$ are $C$-ordered (Definition 2.3). This entails that the $t_i$ increase monotonically to $+ \\infty$ a.s., but requires additional structure as well. The specific considerations are in Section 3; Section 2 presents some general notions.
Hegel in and Out of the Woods

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on the environmental implications of Hegel’s early thought. Often charged with being hostile to nature, Hegel’s attitude is more complex: his concern is not with nature in itself but with the destruction enabled by an ideology of subjective freedom. In the essays and lectures of his Jena period, Hegel takes the measure of a nascent industrial capitalism, along with its consequences for life, consciousness, and labor. This chapter emphasizes the philosopher’s resistance to the domination of nature. In a lecture course of 1803–4, he asks how machine labor reshapes consciousness. But he also proposes that machinery “deceives” nature, as it hastens on the “evaporation” of a bond between worker and world. If under capitalism all that is solid melts into air, for Hegel this change in the weather can be attributed to industry and its intensifying capacity for exploitation.
Peer Review #2 of "Synergy between roads and disturbance favour Bromus tectorum L. invasion (v0.1)"

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Background.Global change produces pervasive negative impacts on biodiversity worldwide.Land use change and biological invasions are two of the major drivers of global change that often coexist; however, the effects of their interaction on natural habitats have been little investigated.In particular, we aimed to analyse whether the invasion of an introduced grass (Bromus tectorum; cheatgrass) along roads verges and the disturbance level in the natural surrounding habitat interact to influence the degree of B. tectorum invasion in the latter habitats in north-western Patagonia.Methods.Along 6 different roads, totalling approximately 370 km, we set two 50 m x 2 m sampling plots every 5 km (73 plots in total).One plot was placed parallel to the road (on the roadside) and the other one perpendicular to it, towards the interior of the natural surrounding habitat.In each plot, we estimated the B. tectorum plant density in 1m 2 subplots placed every 5 m.In the natural habitat, we registered the vegetation type (grassy steppe, shrub-steppe, shrubland, and wet-meadow) and the disturbance level (low, intermediate, and high).Disturbance level was visually categorized according to different signs of habitat degradation by anthropogenic use.Results.B. tectorum density showed an exponential decay from roadsides towards the interior of natural habitats.The degree of B. tectorum invasion inside natural habitats was positively related to B. tectorum density on roadsides only when the disturbance level was low.Shrub-steppes, grassy steppes and shrublands showed similar mean density of B. tectorum.Wet-meadows had the lowest densities of B. tectorum.Intermediate and highly disturbed environments presented higher B. tectorum density than those areas with low disturbance.Discussion.Our study highlights the importance of the interaction between road verges and disturbance levels on B. tectorum invasion in natural habitats surrounding roads of north-western Patagonia, particularly evidencing its significance in the invasion onset.The importance of invasion in road verges depends on disturbance level, with better conserved environments being more resistant to