jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with acute kidney injury in the neurocritical patient of a tertiary level hospital in northeastern Mexico

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The brain and kidney share a complex biological interaction to maintain homeostasis1. Erdman et al. In 2017, they published the associated predictors in the neurocritical unit, where the associated variables such as sodium, chloride, and serum osmolarity were associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with values outside the described safety range, as well as hypotonic solutions2. We analyzed 48 cases of neurocritical patients in a hospital in northeastern Mexico. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to evaluate the adjustment or not to a normal distribution, we used percentages, means and standard deviations, we compared with the student's t-test to pair samples and cross tests for odds ratio (OR). A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess independent predictors of short-term outcomes. Of the 48 cases studied, the mean age was 48 years (±19.98), 50% were men, they were admitted with Glasgow (ECG) <9 47.9%, 1 comorbidity 29.2%, 2 or more comorbidities 20.8%, and craniotomy was performed at 72.9% of the cases. They obtained an APACHE II average of 10 (±6.2), a SAPS average of 32 (±17). Serum creatinine values with a mean of 0.8 mg/dL (±0.43), serum sodium with a mean of 142 mEq/L (±7.4). AKI developed, men 39% and women 12% with p = 0.036, use of vasopressors was 17.2% with p = 0.000 and OR 1.9 with confidence interval (CI) 1.3–2.8, hypertonic solution 27.3% p = 0.880 OR 1.125 IC 0.244–5.177, severe head injury occurred in 66.7% with p = 0.001. Of the studied population that developed AKI, mechanical ventilation had a mean of 9.5 days (±8.3) with p = 0.002 OR 7.029 IC 2.736–11.323. The use of hypertonic solution was not found to be associated with the development of acute kidney injury, therefore, it is a safe maneuver to carry out in neurocritical patients who require it. Of the patients who developed AKI, the days of mechanical ventilation were significant against the patients who did not develop AKI. 1. Ramírez-Guerrero, G., Baghetti-Hernández, R. & Ronco, C. Acute Kidney Injury at the Neurocritical Care Unit. Neurocrit Care 2022;36;640–649. 2. Erdman MJ, Riha H, Bode L, et al. Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in Neurocritical Care Patients Receiving Continuous Hypertonic Saline. The Neurohospitalist 2017;7(1)9–14.
Protein turnover and amino acid flux in fish larvae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to present a quantitative analysis of the amino acid flux in fish larvae. The important parts of the analysis are: food intake rates, assimilation rates, rates of protein synthesis, growth and degradation, and ammonia excretion rates. The greatest degree of uncertainty concerns the rates of protein synthesis in fish larvae. However, quantification of amino acid incorporation rates into protein is important when considering amino acid requirements for growth. Methods are described for measuring protein synthesis rates in small larval and juvenile fish based upon the phenylalanine flooding methodology which has been used successfully for larger fish. In trout fry, bathing the animals in radiolabelled amino acids is not very successful in terms of equilibrating the free amino acid pool with the bathing medium, but this method does work well for marine fish larvae and juvenile freshwater stages that are feeding. Results from injecting small trout fry with radiolabelled amino acids are described and this method works well for larger juvenile fish. From the protein synthesis rates of larval herring, an amino acid flux model is described which empha­sizes the relatively large size of the free amino acid pool compared with the amino acids in proteins, and the size of the free pool is compared with estimated rates of protein synthesis. Other methods are described for determining the rates of protein turnover in fish larvae. The effects of body size are considered and it is concluded that RNA concentration, free amino acid pool, and the relative rates of protein synthesis and growth are not exceptional for fish larvae and seem to obey scaling relationships familiar from metabolic considerations. If protein synthesis accounts for a large proportion of the oxygen consumption in fish larvae, then the proportion of the synthesized protein retained as growth may play an important role in the growth efficiency (growth rate divided by food consumption), but there is no evidence that small fish larvae sacrifice protein turnover during rapid growth in order to reduce energy expenditure. Article from Marine Science Symposia Vol. 201 - "Mass rearing of juvenile fish". Symposium held in Bergen, 21-23 June 1993. To access the remaining articles please click on the keyword "MSS Vol. 201".
A comparative study of pulmonary function between smokers and nonsmokers of rural population of Katihar, Bihar, India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In India, where majority of the population lives by agriculture and linked occupations in rural areas despite of rapid increase in urban population, the pulmonary function is expected to vary between smokers and non-smokers.Methods: This study was carried out in the rural population of Katihar, Bihar in 100 participants. Prior consent was obtained from the Ethical committee for the study. Computerized spirometer RMS Helios 701 was used for the study.Results: This study was done for a better understanding of effects of smoking in the rural population of Katihar. In rural non-smokers, the observed value of pulmonary functions in mean±standard deviation, FVC was 3.28±1.04 litres, FEV1 was 2.72±0.97 litres, FEV1% was 85.24±28.24, PEFR was 7.8±1.98 litres/minute, FEF25-75% was 4.28±0.99 litres. The observed value of pulmonary functions in rural smoker population in mean±standard deviation, FVC was 2.56±0.86 litres, FEV1 was 2.21±0.96 litres, FEV1% was 86.00±23.73, PEFR was 5.65±2.18 litres/minute, FEF25-75% was 3.34±1.37 litres.Conclusions: The comparative study of pulmonary function between rural smokers and rural non-smokers showed significant decreased value (p value < 0.05) in smokers of rural population.
The Moderating Role of Profitability and Firm Size in ESG Disclosure Towards Firm Value

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this article, we examine the impact of ESG disclosure on firm value, with profitability and firm size serving as moderating variables. It utilizes balanced panel data from companies consistently listed in the IDX ESG Leaders index at any point in the observation period from January 2023 to March 2024. The data is derived from ESG score announcements by the Indonesia Stock Exchange and company financial reports. Moderated regression analysis is conducted using EViews software. The study employs two proxies for the dependent variable as a robustness test. The findings demonstrate that ESG disclosure has a negative and significant effect on firm value, as measured by Tobin's Q and Price-to-Book Value (PBV). Moreover, profitability and firm size moderate this relationship by reducing its negative impact. The implications of these results show that ESG disclosure is not always received positively by the market, where this has an impact on reducing firm value. Nonetheless, this impact can be minimized by profitability and firm size, which serve as additional signals for increasing market acceptance of ESG disclosures. Further research is recommended to expand the sample and observation period, add other variables that influence firm value, analyze without data transformation, or focus research on certain sectors.
Cephalometric predictors of optimal soft tissue profile outcomes in growing Asian skeletal class II subjects treated with twin-block appliance: A retrospective study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: Clark's Twin-Block (TB) functional appliance is commonly used to treat mandibular deficiency in skeletal class II growing patients. There have been no prior research that have examined determinants of a optimal soft tissue profile outcome after TB utilising both subjective and objective assessments of soft tissue profile outcome. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify predictors for favorable soft tissue outcomes after TB appliance.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 subjects treated with TB equally divided into favorable and unfavorable groups. Soft tissue outcomes after TB were assessed subjectively (panel of orthodontists using Visual analog scale (VAS)) and objectively (via cephalometric soft tissue measurements). Sample obtaining 60% of VAS and normal post-treatment soft tissue measurements were included in the favorable group. Paired and independent sample t-test was used to compare cephalometric measurements within and between the groups. Predictors of favorable outcomes were identified using the logistic regression analysis.Results: Statistically significant differences in pre-treatment values between favorable and unfavorable groups were observed for SN to mandibular plane angle, anterior facial height, ANB angle, pogonion to nasion perpendicular distance, lower incisor to pogonion distance, upper lip to S and E line distances (p ≤ 0.05) and lower lip to S and E line distances (p ≤ 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis found the decreased value of lower lip to E line (95% CI: 0.142, 0.800) and decreased pogonion to nasion perpendicular distance (95% CI: 1.05, 1.85) to be significantly associated with favorable soft tissue profile outcomes.Conclusions: Cephalometric assessment is an effective predictor of favorable soft-tissue outcomes after TB appliance therapy. Orthodontists can achieve favorable improvement of the soft tissue profile after TB therapy if patients presented with recumbent lower lip to E line and decreased distance of pogonion from nasion perpendicular at the start of treatment.
Collective Bargaining: The Next Twenty Years

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Collective bargaining will evolve in the next 20 years in response to the changes taking place in the world of work and union reaction to those changes. Job security will be a central issue, with increased emphasis on reducing work time to create more jobs. We also foresee more union mergers and increased inclusion in the labor movement of workers not traditionally a part of the union's constituency. That, in turn, will further erode the effectiveness of centralized bargaining. Moreover, unions will attempt to alter their traditional role as reactors to managements' unilateral actions and see themselves as partners with man agement. The role of the government and the courts may alter the collective bargaining process, but whether it will erode or strengthen that process is still an open question.
Exploring the Role and Impact of Strategic Management Accounting Tools: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In today's rapidly evolving and highly competitive business environment, organizations seek sustainable competitive advantages and enhanced performance through strategic management accounting (SMA). This comprehensive literature review explores the tools and techniques of SMA, bridging the gap between financial accounting and strategic decision-making. The study identifies and categorizes a wide range of SMA tools, including activity-based costing, balanced scorecard, value chain analysis, benchmarking, customer accounting and competitor accounting. The review highlights the significance of SMA in aligning financial and non-financial information with strategic objectives, facilitating informed decision-making, and improving organizational competitiveness and financial performance. Key findings emphasize the practical applications of SMA tools across various industries and sectors, as well as the challenges and ambiguities surrounding their impact assessment. The study also identifies gaps in the existing literature, particularly the need for more comprehensive insights into the contextual factors influencing the effectiveness of SMA tools. This review provides valuable insights for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers, offering a foundation for future research and practical guidance on leveraging SMA tools in today's dynamic business landscape.
Regulation and Supervision

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Why did Lehman Brothers have to go bankrupt? This question has often been asked since the bankruptcy of Lehman was recognized as having a hugely disruptive effect on the financial system and the economy around the world beyond expectations. For that question, a broad range of materials have provided various answers from each viewpoint. FCIC‘s report indicates that risky trading activities, enormous leverage, reliance on short-term funding, problems in its corporate governance including risk management as well as inadequate regulatory oversight can be significant causes of Lehman‘s collapse. However, why could such common weaknesses not be easily corrected or improved but be overlooked for a long time, and lead to such a huge calamity? A more in-depth investigation or a study from a different viewpoint may be required to grasp the essence of this problem and to find the right way and direction of regulatory reforms. In this essay, from the case studies of Bear Sterns, Lehman Brothers, and AIG, some of the essential weaknesses in their risk management and in the Federal Reserve‘s supervision especially over their liquidity risk are pointed out. Then, by comparing with the framework and conduct of the BOJ‘s monitoring of financial institutions‘ liquidity, the reasons why the Federal Reserve could not sufficiently exert its regulatory and supervisory power over those financial institutions‘ liquidity risk management will be examined. Finally, based on the analysis above, some assessment of Dodd-Frank regulatory reforms will be added.
Activation of toll‐like receptor 4/nuclear factor‐kappa B signaling by triggering a receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 promotes alveolar macrophage M1 polarization and exacerbates septic acute lung injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Septic acute lung injury (ALI) is a life‐threatening condition commonly occurring in the intensive care unit. Inflammation is considered as the basic pathological response of septic ALI. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily receptors that regulates the inflammatory response. However, the role of TREM1 in septic ALI has not yet been reported. Methods Cell viability was tested using the MTT assay. TdT‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay and flow cytometry were used for apoptosis. The level of protein was detected using western blot analysis. The levels of tumor necrosis factor‐ α and interleukin‐1 β were assessed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The lactate dehydrogenase content was assessed using the assay kit. Myeloperoxidase activity was determined using an assay. Histology of lung tissue was further analyzed through hematoxylin–eosin staining. Results We found that TREM1 knockdown by transfection with si‐TREM1 inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced cell apoptosis of alveolar macrophage cell line MH‐S. The LPS stimulation caused M1 polarization of MH‐S cells, which could be reversed by TREM1 knockdown. In vivo assays proved that si‐TREM1 injection improved lung injury and inflammation of cecal ligation and puncture‐induced ALI in mice. In addition, TREM1 knockdown suppressed the activation of toll‐like receptor 4/nuclear factor‐kappa B signaling, implying the involvement of TLR4 in the effects of TREM1 in response to LPS stimulation. Conclusions This study examined the proinflammatory role of TREM1 in septic ALI and its regulatory effect on alveolar macrophage polarization. These results suggest that TREM1 could potentially serve as a therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of ALI.
Social Determinants and Community Behavior Against Implementation of the Covid-19 Health Protocol: Systematic Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The incidence of coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is the latest challenge facing the international community. Health protocols such as social distancing, wearing masks, washing hands and limiting community activities are implemented in the community to prevent a spike in coronavirus cases. The policy of implementing health protocols in the community results in the community itself not complying with the guidelines. For this reason, researchers conducted research to determine social determinants and explanations of community behavior regarding the implementation of the 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) health protocol. This study used a systematic review design where researchers searched for articles from the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. From the search results, six articles were then considered that met the inclusion criteria. Findings show that community knowledge, education, attitudes and behavior, age and gender influence the implementation of medical procedures related to COVID-19. Factors that influence the implementation of health protocols to prevent the spread of the corona virus disease (Covid-19) in society include awareness of the implementation of health protocols, limited infrastructure, limited health personnel; and public attitudes towards health protocols. Apart from that, behavioral, psychosocial and cognitive factors of the population in accordance with socio-cultural, demographic and health characteristics also influence the implementation of health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic. The need for community attitudes such as the perception of high risk of COVID-19 encourages individuals to follow health protocols with more discipline, and the existence of social environmental support such as positive social interactions can increase individual motivation to comply with existing rules.
Relational trust in international cooperation: The case of North–South trade negotiations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The positive impact of trust on the willingness to cooperate has been widely recognised within social sciences. Trust, however, has not been adequately incorporated into the dominant paradigms on explaining international cooperation in international relations. This paper argues that in situations of uncertainty, trusting or mistrusting a cooperation partner influences the negotiating behaviour of state actors. Trusting behaviour is understood to be based on a non-rational mode of reasoning, which shapes negotiating behaviour beyond the cognitive calculation of risks in a given situation. Whether or not the other actor is considered as trustworthy depends to a large extent on the conception of the identity relationship between the cooperation partners. This is suggestive of a constructivist understanding of trust as a relational, identity-based concept that is difficult to capture using a measurable, calculative notion of trust employed in a game-theoretical, strictly rationalist framework. The article presents two conceptual lenses: benevolence-based trust and identification-based trust. The empirical analysis covers evidence from two of the six regions that were negotiating an Economic Partnership Agreement with the European Union: West Africa and the Caribbean region.
ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF WATER HARVESTING PLUS SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION FOR IMPROVING WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF A PULSE–COTTON BASED INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM IN TELANGANA, INDIA†

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract An integrated farming system (IFS) aims to sustain agricultural production, maintain farm incomes, safeguard the environment and respond to climate change impacts. Experiments in a tribal farmer's fields during 2016–2018 with two IFS models (pulse and cotton) were conducted in the Telangana region, India. An on‐farm reservoir (OFR) is designed for storing surface runoff based on the area and runoff coefficient determined through a modelling approach. The results demonstrated how supplemental irrigation and water harvesting are the most important and proven technologies for improving crop productivity and the efficient use of water in dryland areas of the semi‐arid tropics. The economic analysis indicated that after introduction of OFR technology, farmers' profits were increased under both scenarios of prolonged and short dry spells. According to the results, adoption of the OFR and IFS models not only ensured economic returns but provided regular employment even on less than 1 ha of land, which is usually non‐sustainable if monocropping is being practised. The approaches used in this work might be useful for guiding producers’ decisions in optimizing resources and selecting crops based on economic and water use efficiency. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing A Customized Program Assessment Methodology For Assurance Of Learning: A Case Study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

For most academic institutions, selecting and/or designing a Program Assessment methodology for Assurance of Learning is a challenging task. This paper describes the steps taken to establish goals, values and criteria driving this process for a College of Business. In this case analysis, we document the options we explored in finding the right vehicle for our particular situation. Our experience with a beta test and full rollout of our Program Assessment is detailed. After considerable research and a trial and error process, we have implemented a hybrid Program Assessment approach for our undergraduate students. This approach includes a business simulation product that has been customized and tailored for our institution along with locally developed major field exams. Our lessons learned from this experience include issues surrounding student resistance, faculty engagement, logistics, and the need to use multiple assessment vehicles.
The Dissolution of the Russian Armies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Essay| March 01 1918 The Dissolution of the Russian Armies: Report of General Denikine Current History (1918) 7_Part-2 (3): 448–451. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1918.7P2.3.448 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation The Dissolution of the Russian Armies: Report of General Denikine. Current History 1 March 1918; 7_Part-2 (3): 448–451. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1918.7P2.3.448 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1918 by The Regents of the University of California1918 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Theory and Methodology Multiperson decision-making based on multiplicative preference relations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A multiperson decision-making problem, where the information about the alternatives provided by the experts can be presented by means of diAerent preference representation structures (preference orderings, utility functions and multiplicative preference relations) is studied. Assuming the multiplicative preference relation as the uniform element of the preference representation, a multiplicative decision model based on fuzzy majority is presented to choose the best alternatives. In this decision model, several transformation functions are obtained to relate preference orderings and utility functions with multiplicative preference relations. The decision model uses the ordered weighted geometric operator to aggregate information and two choice degrees to rank the alternatives, quantifier guided dominance degree and quantifier guided non-dominance degree. The consistency of the model is analysed to prove that it acts coherently. ” 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.