jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the flame merging and temperature profile produced by two pool fires beneath the curved ceiling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Compared to single-source fires in tunnels, double-source fires may exhibit more intricate flame merging behavior and higher flame burning rates due to their interaction, thereby escalating the risk of fire propagation within the tunnel. In this investigation, a 1:10 scale model of a horseshoe-shaped tunnel test site was deployed to conduct experiments on lateral double-source fires, scrutinizing flame merging behavior, probability prediction models, and temperature characteristics of tunnel ceiling smoke gas by varying the oil pool size and double-source spacing. Findings from the study suggest that flame merging behavior within the tunnel is contingent upon double-source spacing and heat release rate (HRR), manifesting in three distinct forms: complete merging, intermittent merging, and complete separation. Through the introduction of non-dimensional heat release rate and non-dimensional fire source spacing, a piecewise function has been devised to forecast the probability of flame merging for both fire types. Furthermore, a predictive model for the maximum temperature rise along the longitudinal centerline of a horseshoe tunnel was formulated, drawing from established theoretical frameworks.
The significance of the serum levels of vitamin B-1 and magnesium in delirium tremens and alcoholism.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relation between serum levels of vitamin B-1 and magnesium at admission, and the clinical state was studied in hospitalized patients with either alcoholism or delirium tremens. Vitamin B-1 was deficient in the delirium group, magnesium in both groups. There was no correlation between vitamin B-1 and magnesium levels. Patients with an unfavorable outcome at discharge had lower vitamine B-1 levels and a higher age than patients with a favorable outcome in either group. The magnesium deficiency is discussed for longstanding malnutrition in both groups, the vitamin B-1 deficiency for an unusual high intake of alcohol before delirium tremens started.
Combinatorial testing and machine learning for automated test generation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this issue, we are pleased to present two papers that showcase innovative techniques in software testing in two different directions (memory-aware combinatorial test generation and survey about the use of machine learning for automated test generation). The first paper, ‘An investigation of distributed computing for combinatorial testing’ by Edmond La Chance and Sylvain Hallé, proposes the use of distributed computing to reduce the time and memory required for t-way test generation. The authors present a distributed graph colouring method and a distributed hypergraph vertex covering method for generating high-quality test suites. They also demonstrate how to build a distributed IPOG algorithm using these methods. (Recommended by Arnaud Gotlieb) The second paper, ‘The Integration of Machine Learning into Automated Test Generation: A Systematic Mapping Study’ by Afonso Fontes and Gregory Gay, investigates the integration of machine learning (ML) into automated test generation. Through a systematic study of 124 papers, the authors characterize the emerging research in this area and identify the testing practices, researcher goals, ML techniques applied, evaluation metrics, and challenges in integrating ML into testing. The results show that ML is used to generate inputs for different types of testing, improve the performance of existing generation methods, and generate test verdicts and oracles. The authors also identify common ML techniques used in this area, such as supervised and reinforcement learning, and the evaluation metrics used to assess the effectiveness of these techniques. (Recommended by Phil McMinn) The first paper contributes to the literature on combinatorial testing by demonstrating the effectiveness of distributed computing for test generation. The second paper highlights the potential of ML in automated test generation and provides insights into the challenges that researchers face when integrating ML into testing. We hope that these papers will inspire further research in these directions of software testing.
Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes under axial strain and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of individual carbon nanotubes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this thesis, I present resonant Raman spectroscopy of individual carbon nanotube bundles under axial strains up to 17%. The main effect of this strain is to cause nanotube debundling. The G band Raman spectra of metallic and semiconducting nanotubes are found to respond differently to strain and debundling, giving insight into the nature of the broad metallic G- band lineshape. For metallic nanotubes, the G- band upshifts and becomes narrower with strain, making it appear more semiconductor-like. Surprisingly, this metal to semiconductor transition is irreversible with strain, indicating that nanotube-nanotube coupling plays a significant role in the observed G- band of metallic nanotubes. The vibrational and electronic properties of these nanotubes under strain are modeled using tight-binding calculations.
SNAKE-DIRECTED ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR OF ROCK SQUIRRELS (SPERMOPHILUS VARIEGATUS): POPULATION DIFFERENCES AND SNAKE-SPECIES DISCRIMINATION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The purposes of this study were: (1) to describe the snake-directed antipredator behavior of rock squirrels; (2) to assess whether rock squirrels distinguish nonvenomous gopher snakes from venomous rattlesnakes; (3) to compare antisnake behavior in a snake-rare urban site and a snake-abundant wilderness site as a means of assessing whether natural selection or experience has generated population differences in behavior; (4) to assess snake densities in the two study sites; (5) to compare the antisnake behavior of rock squirrels with that of their closest relatives, California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi), a species that appears to differ from rock squirrels in exhibiting marked sexual-size dimorphism; and (6) to gather additional data on sexual size dimorphism in these two ground squirrel species. We tethered nonvenomous gopher snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus) and venomous western diamondback rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox) in the field near burrows of marked squirrels and videotaped the ensuing interactions. Rock squirrels from both urban and wilderness populations confronted snakes while waving their fluffed tails from side to side, throwing substrate at the snakes, and even attacking snakes on occasion. Survey data confirmed large differences in snake densities between the two sites. Squirrels from the snake-abundant wilderness site distinguished rattlesnakes from gopher snakes, but squirrels from the snake-rare urban site did not. Since these squirrels show similar evidence of selection from snakes, as revealed by their equivalent physiological resistance to rattlesnake venom, we attributed these behavioral differences to the effects of snake experience. Rock squirrel antisnake behavior was very similar to that of California ground squirrels. Where the two species' behavior was dissimilar, the differences may be due in part to the interspecies variation in sexual size dimorphism confirmed in this study, and to the greater number of rattlesnake species that rock squirrels encounter.
MicroRNA‐19a‐3p promotes rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes via targeting SOCS3

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic autoimmune disease and effective treatment for RA is still lacking. In this study, the regulatory role of miR‐19a‐3p in RA was investigated. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of human blood samples showed that the level of miR‐19a‐3p was significantly lower in the RA patients compared with that in healthy patients ( P < 0.05). In RA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (RAFLS), miR‐19a‐3p and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) were also downregulated and upregulated, respectively, compared with those of normal FLS. Transfection of miR‐19a‐3p mimic in RAFLS inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. TargetScan identified SOCS3 as a target of miR‐19a‐3p, which was confirmed by dual‐luciferase assay. Western blot indicated that SOCS3 protein level was significantly decreased after miR‐19a‐3p overexpression. Moreover, SOCS3 silencing through siRNA transfection also enhanced cell proliferation, meanwhile inhibiting RAFLS apoptosis. In addition, SOCS3 overexpression abrogated the effects of miR‐19a‐3p overexpression on cell proliferation and apoptosis, corroborating that SOCS3 acts as a downstream effector in the miR‐19a‐3p‐mediated function of RAFLS. These findings suggest that miR‐19a‐3p plays an important role in RA, and the miR‐19a‐3p/SOCS3 axis may become a potential therapeutic target for RA.
Effect of Photobiomodulation on C2C12 Myoblasts Cultivated in M1 Macrophage‐conditioned Media

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Moderate levels of a proinflammatory macrophages phenotype are indispensable and play an important role in the skeletal muscle repair process since this response depends on their secreted products concentration to influence and modulate muscle inflammation as well as the differentiation of myoblasts. This study investigated the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on undifferentiated and differentiation‐induced C2C12 myoblasts cultivated in different concentrations of M1 phenotype macrophage‐conditioned media of J774 cells (MCM1) also submitted to PBM using the same irradiation parameters. Irradiation was performed once with low‐level laser (780 nm, 70 mW, 1 J) and was evaluated cell viability, proliferation and differentiation, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and IL‐6 and TNF‐α protein levels 24 and 48 h after C2C12 irradiation. PBM treatment in undifferentiated myoblasts exhibited lower IL‐6 levels in the presence of nonirradiated MCM1 at both concentrations. Myoblasts in proliferation condition cultivated with irradiated MCM1 showed lower IL‐6 and TNF‐α levels after 48 h in the presence of both concentrations evaluated. PBM induced a decrease in the synthesis of NO on undifferentiated and differentiation‐induced myoblasts. PBM was able to reduce the level of proinflammatory protein and markers, which are important to allow the differentiation of myoblasts during the muscle repair process.
Clinical Diabetes/Therapeutics

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We have developed a computer-based smart telemedicine system with the aim of giving automated support to GD patients while insulin is not required. The smart telemedicine system combines a platform for remote monitoring of diabetes-related parameters with a decision-support system (DSS) based on expert knowledge that generates automatic feedback to patients and/or clinicians. The DSS generates initial and follow-up diet treatments and detects the need to start insulin. Blood glucose (BG) data downloaded to the system from the patient?s glucose meter is automatically classified into mealtime intervals and moments of measurement (preprandial,postprandial) by a classifier based on a decision tree. After downloading BG data and informing on ketonuria fasting status, the patient receives an evaluation of the data and, if needed, a proposal of diet adjustment. In case insulin therapy is advised, the system also informs the responsible doctor who schedules a face-to-face appointment. Sixty-nine patients diagnosed of GD following the NDDG criteria were randomized (2:1) to use the system (active group) or to attend the usual face-to-face visits (control group). At baseline, groups were comparable regarding all the clinical variables tested. During the follow-up period (36 days (1-141)), no correction of the automated-proposed treatment was done by doctors. Mean number of BG downloads by patients was 10.2±8 (1-29) and the mean number of changes in diet automatically proposed was 0.46. Mean number of BG values/day, mean BG and the % of BG values above 140 mg/dl, pre-partum HbA1c, and all the perinatal outcomes tested were similar between the groups. Mean number of face-to-face visits performed including first visit and training was 4.8±2.8 for the control group and 1.4±0.6 for the active group (p<0.001). In conclusion, this computer-based smart telemedicine system successfully replaced face-to-face follow-up visits in women diagnosed of GD while insulin therapy was not required.
Construction of high-resolution software correlator in photon correlation spectroscopy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A double-time model software correlator with 5ns time resolution was presented. This correlator includes 12 independent linear correlators. A simple algorithm used for counting the number of photon signals and computing the correlation function on line, was complied by using the graphical programming language Labview8.2. By using of a photomultiplier tube (PMT), a National Instruments Model PXI-5152 high-speed acquisition board, a National Instruments Model PXI-8105 control system, correlation functions can be worked out in real time over time scales of 5μs and processing in blocks down to time scales of ~10ms. Its performances were tested by using polystyrene spheres and silicon dioxide spheres diluted in water. These two kinds of nanoparticles are in different sizes. The correlation functions computed indicate that our correlator is feasible to compute the correlation functions in photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS).
16S rRNA gene (from DNA) from samples collected on cruise Chikyu-331 in the Okinawa Trough, Japan from September to October 2010

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this dataset was to investigate taxonomic changes via the 16S rRNA gene from extractable DNA across 45 meters of recovered core.The temperature gradient in this section of the dynamic Iheya North Hydrothermal system was estimated to be ~3C/m.The interval transitions sharply from low-temperature marine mud to hydrothermally altered clay.
Multilingual Surface Realization Using Universal Dependency Trees

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a shared task on multilingual SurfaceRealization, i.e., on mapping unorderedand uninflected universal dependency trees tocorrectly ordered and inflected sentences in anumber of languages. A second deeper inputwill be available in which, in addition,functional words, fine-grained PoS and morphologicalinformation will be removed fromthe input trees. The first shared task on SurfaceRealization was carried out in 2011 witha similar setup, with a focus on English. Wethink that it is time for relaunching such ashared task effort in view of the arrival of UniversalDependencies annotated treebanks fora large number of languages on the one hand,and the increasing dominance of Deep Learning,which proved to be a game changer forNLP, on the other hand.
Signalling and detection of parallel Triple Layer Wireless Sensor Networks with M-ary orthogonal modulation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent advances in the underlying technologies of WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) have led to its use in different applications, in fields as diverse as battlefield applications, temperature control and healthcare. Research in the different aspects of WSNs is therefore in full swing, in both academia and the industry. One of the key constraints that a WSN system poses is the limited energy resource that is available at each sensor node, and in many applications, this energy cannot be replenished. Much of the energy is used in signal detection in a WSN system, the receivers trying to get a reasonably well bit error rate (BER) performance which comes at the cost of increased signal to noise ratio (SNR), that is increased energy usage. To solve this problem, the usage of Walsh codes is suggested, to perform M-ary orthogonal modulation for WSN systems. This method, as is shown through comparative simulations of their BER performances, has several key advantages, the most important one being - compared to traditional modulation schemes, for which higher modulation orders mean worse BER performance, the performance of this scheme, for reasonably high SNRs, gets significantly better and starts attaining the AWGN pattern, which is highly desirable. Different physical parameters (number of nodes, modulation order, diversity combing scheme) have been varied in the simulations, and their effects on the relative performances of the scheme recorded and analysed. A better BER performance compared to traditional modulation schemes was seen and the optimal values for the changed parameters found.
Corporate Information System and Environmental Sustainability Dimension – The Associated Link Evaluation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The assessment of the link between the information system or the informational system, as some authors call it, refers to the information system, and the environmental dimension within the organization or, better said, environmental sustainability, which answers, through excellence, the question of how we propose to study this connection or interdependence between the information system and the environmental sustainability dimension. To proceed to an in-depth study of the link between the information system and a dimension of sustainability, we proposed to expand the search parameters to the following fields of reference in terms of sustainability: environmental sustainability along its component dimensions and information system along its component dimensions. By its purpose, the article tests a methodological framework developed to evaluate informational systems and environmental sustainability Соnsidеring thе novelty оf thе еnvirоnmеntal issuе, thе aсtiоn rеsеarсh apprоaсh соuld bе transfоrmеd intо a tооl tо hеlp prоvidе pоssiblе thеоrеtiсal and praсtiсal sоlutiоns fоr thе businеss еnvirоnmеnt in tеrms оf thе infоrmatiоn systеm.
Astronomy for astronomical numbers: A worldwide massive open online class

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>Astronomy: State of the Art is a massive, open, online class (MOOC) offered through Udemy by an instructional team at the University of Arizona. With nearly 24,000 enrolled as of early 2015, it is the largest astronomy MOOC available. The astronomical numbers enrolled do not translate into a similar level of engagement. The content consists of 14 hours of video lecture, nearly 1,000 Powerpoint slides, 250 pages of background readings, and 20 podcast interviews with leading researchers. Perhaps in part because of the large amount of course content, the overall completion rate is low, about 3%. However, this number was four times higher for an early cohort of learners who were selected to have a prior interest in astronomy and who took the class in synchronous mode, with new content being added every week. Completion correlates with engagement as measured by posts to the online discussion board. For a subset of learners, social media like Facebook and Twitter provide an additional, important mode of engagement. For the asynchronous learners who have continuously enrolled for the past 15 months, those who complete the course do so quickly, with few persisting longer than two months. The availability of a free completion certificate had no impact of completion rates when it was added midway through the period of data analyzed in this paper. This experiment informs a new offering of an enhanced version of this MOOC via Coursera, along with a co-convened “flipped” introductory astronomy class at the University of Arizona, where the video lectures will be online and class time will be used exclusively for small group labs and hands-on activities. Despite their typically low completion rates, MOOCs have the potential to add significantly to public engagement with science, and they attract a worldwide audience. </p>
Modulatory Effects of Somatosensory Tasks on Pain Thresholds and Cortical Excitability (P01.172)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective: The study aimed to test the effects of three different somatosensory tasks including somatosensory learning with and without visual feedback and simple somatosensory input on pressure pain threshold and motor cortex activation using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Background Chronic pain is linked to brain dysfunctions, whose precise neural correlates still remain not completely understood. Recent investigations on novel therapies for pain are targeting these malfunctioning processes inside the brain. The activation of the motor cortex via non-invasive brain stimulation has been proven to be effective in the treatment of pain conditions. Thus, this cortical area has been proposed to play a role in central pain processing. Since it is known that the motor and somatosensory cortices are functionally connected, somatosensory input may be used in order to activate motor cortex mediated analgesic effects. Design/Methods: This single-blinded, randomized, untreated-controlled, and parallel designed trial included forty healthy right-handed male subjects. Statistical analyses involved t-tests and a mixed ANOVA model for TMS and pain threshold levels, respectively. Results: Results showed a significant reduction of pain perception of the ipsilateral hand induced by somatosensory learning and a pain sensitization of the contralateral hand due to simple somatosensory input. Comparing pain and TMS measurements revealed a significant effect of hand and task. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study shows that somatosensory learning is effective to alleviate pain perception and that somatosensory input can change motor cortex excitability in a task-dependent manner. These findings may help lead to the development of novel approaches for the treatment of pain syndromes based on an adjunct and multimodal method. Disclosure: Dr. Volz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Suarez-Contreras has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mendonca has nothing to disclose. Dr. Santos Pinheiro has nothing to disclose. Dr. Merabet has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fregni has received research support from Highland Instruments and First One.
Diagnosis ofClostridium difficileInfection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

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Swinger, Bi, Trans, Zoo, S&M—Just Not Old!1Sexual Charity in the Novels of Michel Houellebecq

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines issues of sexual inequality, charity, and utopia in the novels of Michel Houellebecq and situates them within similar discourses in the French tradition, notably within the works of Fourier, de la Bretonne, and de Sade. I trace a genealogy in French thinking about sexual inequality and utopia and note its recent expression in Houellebecq’s novels, arguing that Houellebecq’s work calls attention to the problem of arbitrary embodiment.