jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analytical solution of equations describing slow axonal transport based on the stop-and-go hypothesis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract This paper presents an analytical solution for slow axonal transport in an axon. The governing equations for slow axonal transport are based on the stop-and-go hypothesis which assumes that organelles alternate between short periods of rapid movement on microtubules (MTs), short on-track pauses, and prolonged off-track pauses, when they temporarily disengage from MTs. The model includes six kinetic states for organelles: two for off-track organelles (anterograde and retrograde), two for running organelles, and two for pausing organelles. An analytical solution is obtained for a steady-state situation. To obtain the analytical solution, the governing equations are uncoupled by using a perturbation method. The solution is validated by comparing it with a high-accuracy numerical solution. Results are presented for neurofilaments (NFs), which are characterized by small diffusivity, and for tubulin oligomers, which are characterized by large diffusivity. The difference in transport modes between these two types of organelles in a short axon is discussed. A comparison between zero-order and first-order approximations makes it possible to obtain a physical insight into the effects of organelle reversals (when organelles change the type of a molecular motor they are attached to, an anterograde versus retrograde motor).
Secondary Stiefel-Whitney class and diffeomorphisms of rational and\n ruled symplectic 4-manifolds

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We introduce the secondary Stiefel-Whitney class $\\tilde w_2$ of\nhomotopically trivial diffeomorphisms and show that a homotopically trivial\nsymplectomorphism of a ruled 4-manifold is isotopic to identity if and only if\nthe class $\\tilde w_2$ vanishes.\n Using this, we give a detailed description of the combinatorial structure of\nthe diffeotopy group of ruled symplectic 4-manifolds $X$, either minimal or\nblown-up, and its action on the homology and homotopy groups $H_2(X,\\zz)$,\n$\\pi_1(X)$, and $\\pi_2(X)$.\n
The motion sensitivity screening test in clinical practice in abuja, Nigeria: affordable automated perimetry for the third world?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Perimetry is essential in the clinical management and evaluation of glaucoma patients and other patients with diseases impacting on visual fields, but automated equipment may be too expensive for many practitioners in the developing world. I have used the Wu-Jones automated motion sensitivity system in a medium sized practice in Nigeria, a developing country, and hereby present an audit of our experience with it. The Wu-Jones Motion Sensitivity screening test is a lap-top computer based test which integrates a number of components including a test program and reporting facility, a self organizing neural network, a database management mechanism, and a menu-mouse-windowing user interface. The test is available on the public domain and is small enough (194 mb) to fit into a diskette. This test has been used at the Rachel Eye Center in Abuja since 1998, and has been applied to 339 individuals, 298 of whom are included in this analysis. Patients tested fell into four main groups: those with clinical glaucoma (intraocular pressure > 20 mmHg on at least one occasion and optic cup/disc ratio of 0.5 or more), glaucoma suspects, (i.e. ocular hypertensives >20 mmHg or c/d ratio of 0.5 or more and first degree relatives of glaucoma patients) patients undergoing routine tests for pre-employment ('normals'), and 'others'. These 'normals' were used as controls. Records are available for 531 eyes. It took an average of two minutes to complete the test. Significant field defects (Motion sensitivity less than 50%) were detected overall in 15.6% of tested eyes, 7.2% of normals but in 32.6% of glaucoma eyes. Using the 'normals' as controls, the sensitivity of the test in our hands varied from 33% to 72% and specificity from 57% to 93% at motion sensitivity cut off points from 50% to 97%. At the 83% cut off point, positive and negative predictive values were 86.0% and 47.5% respectively. Reliability averaged 70%. I find the test easy to administer and understand by patients. Results can be recalled without difficulty, facilitating the longitudinal follow up process. This test will be of value to practices in the third world unable to afford more expensive equipment in the third world. The main investment would be in form of a laptop computer and a diskette. It can also be a useful adjunct for office practice in the western world.
A New Technique for the Suppression of the MECG

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

After a review of the different techniques in use up to now for the detection of an interference-free abdominal fetal electrocardiogram (FECG), with the limitations of these techniques indicated, a new technique is described which does not suffer from these limitations. This technique is based on an optimization procedure applied to the multiplication coefficients of six independent abdominal signals which are added together. The theoretical background of this method is given, as well as the required operational conditions and electrode positions, leading to an FECG reading guaranteed free of maternal electrocardiogram (MECG).
Survival benefit associated with early detection of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in veteran inpatients with cirrhotic ascites

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is common in hospitalized cirrhotic patients with ascites and carries high mortality. This study aimed to determine whether early diagnostic paracentesis (EDP) <12 h of hospitalization conveys an intermediate‐term (6‐month) survival benefit in cirrhotic patients diagnosed with SBP. Methods Consecutive US veterans with cirrhosis diagnosed with SBP over 13 years at a single VA medical center were reviewed retrospectively. Kaplan‐Meyer analyses assessed the effects of EDP on survival. Results A total of 79 cirrhotic patients were diagnosed with SBP (61.8 ± 8.8 years, n = 77 male, n = 52 [66.8%] Caucasian, n = 23 [29.1%] African‐American). Underlying liver diseases included hepatitis c viral infection (HCV) (17.5%), alcohol (28.6%), alcohol and HCV (30.1%), and cryptogenic/metabolic (15.9%). Median baseline model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) was 12 (range 6–34), and median MELD at presentation was 18. Seven subjects had a history of hepatocellular carcinoma (11.1%), and 26 (41.3%) presented with sepsis. Thirty‐three (52.4%) subjects died within 6 months after the SBP admission. Of the subjects, 41 (65.1%) underwent EDP, of which 23 (56.0%) survived at least 6 months, compared to only 7 of the 22 patients (31.8%) undergoing paracentesis >12 h from presentation ( P = 0.057). The maximal benefit of EDP on survival was observed beyond days 14 and 30; at these time points, no statistical difference in mortality was discernable ( P = 0.55 and 0.71). In a multivariate model including age, MELD at admission, hepatocellular cancer, and sepsis criteria, EDP (p 0.034) positively impacted patient survival at 6 months. Conclusions EDP is associated with improved 6‐month mortality in cirrhotic patients with ascites. In this veteran cohort, EDP was as important as MELD as a predictor of intermediate‐term survival.
Impact of BIM on Government Policy and Regulation in Infrastructure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has established itself as a transformative technology in the construction and infrastructure industry. This study examines the impact of BIM on government policy and regulation in infrastructure. BIM enables the creation of digital models that contain comprehensive information on materials, costs and schedules, allowing for more efficient planning, construction and operation of infrastructure projects. Governments around the world are recognising the benefits of BIM and are adapting their policies and regulations accordingly to improve the efficiency, sustainability and quality of construction projects. One of the main challenges is the development of new standards and the adaptation of existing regulations, which requires close collaboration between different stakeholders. In addition, BIM offers the possibility to manage data over the entire life cycle of a building, leading to more informed decision-making processes. This study shows that the integration of BIM into government policy brings positive change and progress, particularly by promoting sustainable practices and improving the transparency and efficiency of construction projects. It becomes clear that BIM can play an important role in modernising government policy and regulation and creating long-term benefits for society.
IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTIMEDIA INSTRUCTION IN BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY COURSES: STUDENT REACTIONS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

“The new stress on multimedia presentations and on integrating the Internet into instruction is a challenge to both experienced and novice teachers. Those who have been in the classroom for years must change their teaching styles radically to accomodate these new sources of information. And new teachers have to worry not only about mastering content and classroom teaching techniques, but also about being comfortable with several forms of technology in the teaching setting.” Flannery (1998) from her review of two general biology textbooks.
Meta-analysis: Architectural distortion and breast MRI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: The implementation of digital breast tomosynthesis has increased the detection of architectural distortion (AD). Managing this finding may be experienced as a clinical dilemma in daily practice. Breast Contrast-Enhanced MRI (CE-BMR) is a known modality in case of problem-solving tool for mammographic abnormalities. However, the data about AR and CE-BMR are scant. OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to estimate the benefit of CE-BMR in the setting of architectural distortion detected mammographically through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. METHODS: A search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were conducted in 2020. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, an analysis was performed using the chi-square test of independence to determine if there was a significant association between the result of the test (positive or negative) and the participant condition (malignant or non-malignant). RESULTS: Four studies were available. The negative predictive value (NPV) was 98.3% to 100%. The result of the chi-square indicated that there was significant association between the participant test result and the participant condition for the included publications (X(1,175)2= 84.051, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The high NPV could allow for deferral of a biopsy in favor of a short-interval imaging follow-up in the setting of a negative CE-BMR.
Alternative Method for Treating Electric Arc Furnace Dust: Simulation and Life Cycle Assessment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The technical and environmental aspects of treating electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) using a novel process including alkaline roasting and organic acid leaching were evaluated and compared to the globally applied conventional Waelz process. The global warming potentials of the roasting–organic acid leaching process (with co-product credits) and the Waelz processes were 7.48 and 4.71 kg CO 2 -eq with 33% Zn dust as the feed material. However, with decreasing Zn content, the novel process become environmentally more competitive, and with 12% Zn, the corresponding GWP values were 6.31 and 9.26 kg CO 2 -eq. Co-product recovery decreased the net environmental impacts from the processing of the dust, which gave some benefits to the novel process. The Waelz process was observed to be energy intensive; however, the high consumption of leaching and roasting chemicals was the issue in the novel process. The excess caustic soda in the roasting step was observed to be a significant factor in the overconsumption of the organic acid in the leaching stage, and therefore, optimization of the roasting step is crucial. Other ways to decrease leaching chemical consumption include investigating the possibility to reuse the raffinate in leaching, or scrubbing the leach calcine from acid-consuming alkali. Evaluating the impacts of novel processes early enables iterative and agile process development and the directing the focus on the problem areas. Graphical Abstract
Source to source compiler for the automatic parallelization of JavaScript code

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This work focuses on the development of a source-to-source compiler for the automatic \nparallelization of JavaScript code. The proposed compiler transforms the input code to an AST \n(Abstract syntax tree). Afterward, we applied a dependence analysis, followed by fusion and \nfission techniques. As a later part, new portions of code are inserted to parallelize specific sections \nof the original program. From the modified AST obtained, we return a new JavaScript code. From \nour experimentations, we can conclude that our solution reduces the execution time by \nparallelizing loops, but only if they do not use significant amounts of data, and the complexity of \nthem is not concentrated in a small number of iterations.
The German Thorotrast Study: Recent Results and Assessment of Risks

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The German Thorotrast study comprises 2,326 patients and 1,890 controls. Forty-eight Thorotrast patients and 239 controls are still alive and are invited for a follow-up examination every 2 years. In the deceased patients, the following neoplastic diseases with excess rates were registered (Thorotrast/controls): liver cancer (454/3); cancer of the bile ducts, including gallbladder (42/7); myeloid leukemia (40/7); myelodysplastic syndrome (30/4); plasmacytoma (10/2); non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (15/5); bone sarcoma (4/1); malignant peritoneal or pleural mesothelioma (9/0). Dose calculations are based on results of whole-body counting, X-ray films, and data obtained from the hospital records on the volume of Thorotrast injected. For liver cancer, the cumulative risk estimate was calculated to be 40 per 10(4) person Sv (radiation weighting factor = 20). These figures are close to the results of the Danish study and are comparable to the results of the Life Span Study of A-bomb survivors after 40 years at risk with 18 to 48 liver cancers per 10(4) person Sv. For hematopoietic malignancies, the cumulative risk was calculated to be about 7 per 10(4) person Sv (radiation weighting factor = 20). This risk estimate is lower by a factor of 10 compared to the results of the Life Span Study.
Intelligent Detection of Marine Organisms with Deep Learning based on Attention Mechanism

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the increasing intensity of marine fishing, the living space of marine organisms has become more and more serious. The establishment of marine pastures effectively solved the decrease in the number of fish caused by marine fishing. How to analyze underwater environmental data by means of artificial intelligence, monitor the condition of underwater fish in real time, and promote the healthy growth of marine organisms is an important topic of current research. This paper aims at the problems of low accuracy of multi-scale object detection and slow model inference. Therefore, a deep learning model combined CNN network and Attention mechanism is proposed in this paper, and adopted the inference optimization algorithm of multi-algorithm fusion. Finally realizes multi-object and multi-scale fast detection of fish images.
One- and Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence of CdSe and CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots in n-Hexane

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

一个光子和二光子的吸收和在 n 己的 CdSe 和 thecore 壳结构 CdSe/ZnS 量点(QD ) 的激动的荧光被调查。线性、非线性的吸收系数被测量， theQDs 的 two-photon-absorption 十字节也被获得。为一个光子荧光和二光子的荧光， CdSe/ZnS 的排放效率比 CdSe 的高得多，从核心壳结构的有效表面钝化发源。
Identifying Factors That Influence How Pediatric Patients or Their Caregivers Decide to Present to an Emergency Department: A Scoping Review Protocol

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To map and describe the extent and type of evidence in relation to factors that influence how pediatric patients or their caregivers decide to present to an emergency department (ED). Introduction: Studies in countries with universal health care systems have suggested that while patients may consider using services outside of the hospital for care, they often end up presenting to an ED. Understanding how pediatric patients and caregivers decide to present to an ED can inform future health care design to mediate decisions before an ED presentation. Inclusion criteria: Literature will be included if it assesses patients between zero and 17 years who present to the ED and reports findings from the patient’s or caregiver’s perspectives. Studies eligible for inclusion are those that focus on ED presentations in a country with universal health care, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) membership, and classification as a high-income country. Studies that focus on patients transferred to the ED from a residential or correctional facility will be excluded. Methods: A scoping review using JBI methodology will be conducted. A preliminary search indicated no scoping reviews in this field have been carried out. CINAHL, MEDLINE ALL, PsycInfo, and Embase will be searched with no date limits. No language restrictions will be applied. Data will be extracted using a standardized form. Articles will be screened and data extracted by two independent reviews, with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer or through discussion. Data will be analyzed through tables with an accompanying narrative summary and PRISMA-ScR.
Time for a gut check: Pancreatic sufficiency resulting from CFTR modulator use

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in cystic fibrosis is genetically determined and generally felt to be irreversible. However, recent studies in young children started on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators have suggested improvement of pancreatic functioning over time. Here, we present the case of a 10‐year‐old child with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency since birth who regained pancreatic functioning after 4 years on the CFTR corrector drug, ivacaftor.
Venice, Myth and Utopian Thought in the Sixteenth Century: Bodin, Postel and the Virgin of Venice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Contents: Introduction The myth of Venice in the thought of Guillaume Postel The home of Coronaeus in Jean Bodina (TM)s Colloquium Heptaplomeres: an example of a Venetian academy Structure, form and meaning in the Colloquium Heptaplomeres of Jean Bodin: Harmony and the Heptaplomeres of Jean Bodin The concept of toleration in the Colloquium Heptaplomeres of Jean Bodin a portava el fuocho in senoa (TM): Guillaume Postel before the Council of Ten in 1584: priest turned prophet Voices from a Venetian prison in the cinquecento: Francesco Spinola and Dionisio Gallo The Virgin of Venice and concepts of the millennium in Venice Angela da Foligno: a paradigm of Venetian spirituality in the sixteenth century Lodovico Domenichi, Guillaume Postel, and the biography of Giovanna Veronese Guillaume Postel e la (TM)idea di Venezia come la magistratura piA' perfetta Europa catalizzatrice tra Oriente el Occidente nel pensiero di Guillaume Postello Profezia e politica nella Venezia del seidicesimo secolo: il case di Dionisio Gallo Guillaume Postel and the World State: restitution and the universal monarchy Postel and his idea of progress and utopian reality Index.
Situating a Prism to See ‘All Colors’: Evaluations of the E-school System in Türkiye from the Perspective of Educational Equity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research intends to delve into the first-hand information pertaining to learning analytics that belongs to PreK–12 education at micro, meso, and macro levels (Shum, 2012) in Türkiye from the perspective of equity in education through seeking to obtain the views of educational authorities and policy makers viz. school principals, the members of district national education directorate as well as those of Innovation and Educational Technologies General Directorate of MoNE (Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Education). To do so, adopting a qualitative route, the study attempts to inquire into the perceptions of the said groups i.e., 45 participants; in total-with 15 participants from each-about the role and place of the existing “E-school” structure that employs learning analytics towards the use of Big Data in Türkiye. This is realized particularly toward addressing and catering to students at risk alongside the disadvantaged. In this direction the research question is: “How do the decision-making bodies in Türkiye see the current E-school system as regards ensuring and sustaining educational equity?”. The semi-structured interviews aim to direct questions e.g., respecting the situation with school dropouts, the cases of students with special needs, the situation of those who are struggling and of refugees. The findings indicate a superposition; an entangled being of inherent disadvantages and that the present system needs to be further amended to better care for ‘all’ to speak of equity. This study will cast light on the potential value of learning analytics regarding its use for targeting/solving equity problems through the expert opinions from a developing country with highly dynamic demographics.
Functional Neural Network Control Chart

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In many Industry 4.0 data analytics applications, quality characteristic data acquired from manufacturing processes are better modeled as functions, often referred to as profiles. In practice, there are situations where a scalar quality characteristic, referred to also as the response, is influenced by one or more variables in the form of functional data, referred to as functional covariates. To adjust the monitoring of the scalar response by the effect of this additional information, a new profile monitoring strategy is proposed on the residuals obtained from the functional neural network, which is able to learn a possibly nonlinear relationship between the scalar response and the functional covariates. An extensive Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to assess the performance of the proposed method with respect to other control charts that appeared in the literature before. Finally, a case study in the railway industry is presented with the aim of monitoring the heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems installed onboard passenger trains.
Transcript profiling of papaya (Carica papaya L.) with CTS-N fertiliser after inoculation with PRSV

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

CTS-N is deacetylation chitosan that can induce the expression of defence genes in plants. PRSV is a virus that can infect papaya and cause disease. It is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions all over the world. The epidemic spread of the virus may seriously affect the papaya industry. In this study, we analysed differently expressed genes that are related to disease resistance after applying CTS-N using RNA-seq and subsequent qPCR analysis. Several genes related to plant defence responses, such as PR-1 and WRKY33, were up-regulated. Among the genes, 10 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated genes were involved in the ‘plant pathogen interaction pathway’, ‘phytohormones signal transduction pathway’ and ‘amino sugars pathway’. The CTS-N treatment(1.0 ml/L) can significantly prevent the damage to papaya plants caused by PRSV. The RNA profiling results indicated that CTS-N can induce the expression of defence related genes to enhances a degree of plant defence. Future research may include comparable methodologies for disease resistance research in other plant species.