jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal diffusion changes in prodromal and earlyHD: Evidence of white‐matter tract deterioration

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects striatal neurons. Striatal volume loss is present years before clinical diagnosis; however, white matter degradation may also occur prior to diagnosis. Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) can measure microstructural changes associated with degeneration that precede macrostructural changes. DWI derived measures enhance understanding of degeneration in prodromal HD (pre‐HD). Methods As part of the PREDICT‐HD study, N = 191 pre‐HD individuals and 70 healthy controls underwent two or more (baseline and 1–5 year follow‐up) DWI, with n = 649 total sessions. Images were processed using cutting‐edge DWI analysis methods for large multicenter studies. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics were computed in selected tracts connecting the primary motor, primary somato‐sensory, and premotor areas of the cortex with the subcortical caudate and putamen. Pre‐HD participants were divided into three CAG‐Age Product (CAP) score groups reflecting clinical diagnosis probability (low, medium, or high probabilities). Baseline and longitudinal group differences were examined using linear mixed models. Results Cross‐sectional and longitudinal differences in DTI measures were present in all three CAP groups compared with controls. The high CAP group was most affected. Conclusions This is the largest longitudinal DWI study of pre‐HD to date. Findings showed DTI differences, consistent with white matter degeneration, were present up to a decade before predicted HD diagnosis. Our findings indicate a unique role for disrupted connectivity between the premotor area and the putamen, which may be closely tied to the onset of motor symptoms in HD. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1460–1477, 2017 . © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The study of prevalence of traumatic dental injury in male students

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective The purpose of this study was to survey the prevalence of traumatic dental injury, the causes and effect of the trauma and the most common affected teeth. Materials and methods The sample of 2,934 male students, aged 11-18 years with middle to high socio - economic status, living in Bangkok was selected by purposive sampling. A trained and calibrated dentist collected the data through clinical examinations and interviews. Clinical examination focus on fractured and broken permanent teeth with treated and untreated including discoloration, mobility and missing. Results The prevalence of traumatic dental injury was 9.3% (277 boys, 354 teeth). The main cause of injury was falls (53.1%). The most common affected teeth were the maxillary left and right central incisors 47.6% and 43.3%. Enamel fractures were the most common type of dental injuries (45.8%). Conclusion The study revealed the rate that there was a prevalence of dental traumatic injury in male students and there is a need to motivate the public regarding methods of preventing dental injuries. (CU Dent J. 2004;27:1-8) Key words: prevalence; retrospective study; tooth fracture; traumatic dental injury
Small pleasures: adaptation and the past in British film and television Small pleasures: adaptation and the past in British film and television

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The adaptation of classic literature, or more precisely the construction of certain literary works as classic—the classic serial—has een a characteristic of British television almost since television began. Certainly, since television resumed its normal service after the break in transmission enforced by World War II, the novels of Jane Austen, the Brontë sisters, Conrad, Dickens, and occasionally Henry James, have been adapted and sometimes readapted. In the mid-1990s, adaptations of Pride and Prejudice (1995), Middlemarch (1994) and Martin Chuzzlewit (1994) not only reaffirmed the status of the BBC as the cornerstone of national broadcasting, but also confirmed its cultural prestige overseas. It also, of course, secured it a healthy slice of the substantial international market in 'quality television’. In the 1980s, endless adaptations of E.M.Foster, suffused with the charms of manners and costume and basking in the warm glow of the past, have made adaptation a cultural dominant in representations of Britain, helping to shape the perception of Britishness - or at least of Englishness - as a quality whose real meaning can be found in the past, and whose commodity value can be found in the heritage industry. Revealingly, the Government Ministry now charged with the administration of culture in Britain has been renamed the Department of National Heritage. The adaptation of classic literature, or more precisely the construction of certain literary works as classic—the classic serial—has een a characteristic of British television almost since television began. Certainly, since television resumed its normal service after the break in transmission enforced by World War II, the novels of Jane Austen, the Brontë sisters, Conrad, Dickens, and occasionally Henry James, have been adapted and sometimes readapted. In the mid-1990s, adaptations of Pride and Prejudice (1995), Middlemarch (1994) and Martin Chuzzlewit (1994) not only reaffirmed the status of the BBC as the cornerstone of national broadcasting, but also confirmed its cultural prestige overseas. It also, of course, secured it a healthy slice of the substantial international market in 'quality television’. In the 1980s, endless adaptations of E.M.Foster, suffused with the charms of manners and costume and basking in the warm glow of the past, have made adaptation a cultural dominant in representations of Britain, helping to shape the perception of Britishness - or at least of Englishness - as a quality whose real meaning can be found in the past, and whose commodity value can be found in the heritage industry. Revealingly, the Government Ministry now charged with the administration of culture in Britain has been renamed the Department of National Heritage.
Role of Chloramphenicol Reduction Products in Aplastic Anemia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Oral administration of chloramphenicol did not significantly alter the early stage of chronic hypoplastic marrow failure induced by busulfan. Chloramphenicol reduction products were most suppressive to antigen-reactive cells detected by the Mishell-Dutton plaque-forming cell assay. This reduction in immunocompetence may be an important parameter in the initial phases of the etiology of chloramphenicol-induced aplastic anemia.
Environmental radioactivity, radiological hazards, and trace elements assessment of nearshore sediment in the Bay of Bengal

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The current study focuses on the environmental radioactivity and multi-risk assessment of nearshore sediment as a source of marine pollution along the Bay of Bengal. The study examines the distribution of primordial radionuclide concentrations using a thallium-activated sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) detector-based gamma-ray spectrometer and Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE) through atomic adsorption analysis. The data also were used to characterize ecological threats, radiological risks, and the geospatial distribution of toxic compounds in nearshore sediment as a proxy for marine pollution. The active concentration of primordial radionuclides such as uranium-238 (238U), thorium-232 (232Th), and potassium-40 (40K) was found in the range from ≤ 3 to 68 (11.4), ≤ 9.5 to 142.7 (41.2), and 85.2 to 603.4 (362) Bq/kg, and the results show that the average radioactive concentration of the average radionuclides was less than suggested by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) ranges. Potentially toxic elements iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were higher in deeper water depths. The current study reveals that mud distribution primarily controls such elements. A decreasing order has been seen as follows by the ecological risk index of individual elements: copper (Cu) > lead (Pb) > nickel (Ni) > chromium (Cr) > zinc (Zn). The significant Pb, Cu, and Zn concentrations indicated high pollution at most stations, possibly resulting from regional and terrestrial sources such as industrial activity, urban drainage, manufacturing, and farming. The migration of contaminated soil from the industrial and transportation sectors may be the source of the increased levels of hazardous elements and naturally occurring radionuclides in the sediment transported into the coastal ecosystems of Bay of Bengal.
Desiderosmia (Craving of Olfaction): A Novel Symptom Associated with Iron Deficiency Anemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND:In recent years,we saw four patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in our clinical practices who developed a compulsive craving for certain odors including rubber tires, gasoline, Pine-Sol® (a popular household alcohol ethoxylate-based cleaning agent), and "musty odor of the basement." Such behavior resolved after treatment of IDA, and recurred in a patient whose IDA relapsed. This resembled pica, a craving to eat non-nutritive items, which is commonly associated with IDA. Because we had never heard of or read about this phenomenon, we reviewed the English medical literature and World Wide Web to determine if such experience had been previously reported. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar to find publications, reports, presentations, or testimonies of individual in online blogs using a combination of search terms including "nasal, olfactory, smell, craving, iron deficiency, and anemia." RESULTS: We found no scientific publication, report, or presentation similar to our experience in PubMed and Google Scholar. However, using Google search engine, we found several testimonies of individuals in online blog posts (mostly at babycenter.com and medhelp.org), several of which were pregnancy blogs that reported these peculiar symptoms. Individuals were reporting powerful cravings of olfaction, frequently being overtaken by a desire to smell certain odors. The types of substances for which they craved and their associated medical conditions (when reported) are summarized in the Table. CONCLUSIONS:These preliminary findings and testimonies give suggestive evidence that a condition, entirely separate from pica, exists in certain patients suffering from IDA or during pregnancy. For this, we propose the name, desiderosmia, derived from the Latin word "desiderare" for desire and the Greek word "osme" for smell. In naming this condition, we hope to inspire further investigation, and hopefully shed some light for patients who suffer from this newly described olfactory symptom. Table Reports of smell cravings and associated medical conditions found in online blogs Table. Reports of smell cravings and associated medical conditions found in online blogs Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Aggressive Palliation in Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer, Practice Guidelines versus Clinical Practice: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) constitutes approximately 16% of all primary lung cancers, with more than 35,000 new cases per year. Two-thirds of patients present with extensive stage disease (ES-SCLC) due to a tendency to metastasize early. Outcomes remain poor, with a median survival of approximately 10 months and a two-year overall survival of <10%. Current recommendations call for combination chemotherapy alone in patients without localized symptoms. Thoracic radiation therapy following a good clinical response is controversial. We report on a patient with ES-SCLC that had an excellent response to chemotherapy and underwent whole brain radiotherapy for a known brain metastasis and consolidative radiotherapy to the thorax. His latest follow-up demonstrates only a stable residual pulmonary nodule and no evidence of active metastatic disease. ES-SCLC is a relatively common presentation with a variable burden of metastatic disease. In the absence of randomized trials demonstrating the efficacy of thoracic radiation therapy, the community radiation oncologist is placed in a difficult position when addressing these patients, particularly those with otherwise good performance status and a good response to initial systemic chemotherapy. More research in this area is sorely needed to help guide treatment recommendations.
Clinical Emergence of Entecavir-Resistant Hepatitis B Virus Requires Additional Substitutions in Virus Already Resistant to Lamivudine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Entecavir (ETV) exhibits potent antiviral activity in patients chronically infected with wild-type or lamivudine (3TC)-resistant (3TC r ) hepatitis B virus (HBV). Among the patients treated in phase II ETV clinical trials, two patients for whom previous therapies had failed exhibited virologic breakthrough while on ETV. Isolates from these patients (arbitrarily designated patients A and B) were analyzed genotypically for emergent substitutions in HBV reverse transcriptase (RT) and phenotypically for reduced susceptibility in cultures and in HBV polymerase assays. After 54 weeks of 3TC therapy, patient A (AI463901-A) received 0.5 mg of ETV for 52 weeks followed by a combination of ETV and 100 mg of 3TC for 89 weeks. Viral rebound occurred at 133 weeks after ETV was started. The 3TC r RT substitutions rtV173L, rtL180M, and rtM204V were present at study entry, and the additional substitutions rtI169T and rtM250V emerged during ETV-3TC combination treatment. Reduced ETV susceptibility in vitro required the rtM250V substitution in addition to the 3TC r substitutions. For liver transplant patient B (AI463015-B), previous famciclovir, ganciclovir, foscarnet, and 3TC therapies had failed, and RT changes rtS78S/T, rtV173L, rtL180M, rtT184S, and rtM204V were present at study entry. Viral rebound occurred after 76 weeks of therapy with ETV at 1.0 mg, with the emergence of rtT184G, rtI169T, and rtS202I substitutions within the preexisting 3TC r background. Reduced susceptibility in vitro was highest when both the rtT184G and the rtS202I changes were combined with the 3TC r substitutions. In summary, infrequent ETV resistance can emerge during prolonged therapy, with selection of additional RT substitutions within a 3TC r HBV background, leading to reduced ETV susceptibility and treatment failure.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Police Staff 12–18 Months After the Canterbury Earthquakes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Understanding posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in police first‐responders is an underdeveloped field. Using a cross‐sectional survey, this study investigated demographic and occupational characteristics, coping resources and processes, along with first‐responder roles and consequences 18 months following a disaster. Hierarchical linear regression ( N = 576) showed that greater symptom levels were significantly positively associated with negative emotional coping (β = .31), a communications role (β = .08) and distress following exposure to resource losses (β = .14), grotesque scenes (β = .21), personal harm (β = .14), and concern for significant others (β = .17). Optimism alone was negatively associated (β = ‐.15), with the overall model being a modest fit (adjusted R 2 = .39). The findings highlight variables for further study in police.
Online safety when considering self-harm and suicide-related content: Perspectives of young people, policymakers, and social media companies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Young people are disproportionately impacted by self-harm and suicide, and concerns exist regarding the role of social media and exposure to unsafe content. Governments and social media companies have taken various approaches to address online safety for young people when it comes to self-harm and suicide, however, little is known about whether key stakeholders believe current approaches are fit-for-purpose. The present study aimed to explore the perceived challenges and views regarding young people communicating on social media about self-harm and suicide, as well as what more social media companies and governments could be doing to keep young people safe online. This qualitative study involved six focus groups with Australian young people aged 12-25 years (n = 7), Australian policymakers (n = 14), and professionals from international social media companies (n = 7). Framework analysis was used to summarize and chart the data for each stakeholder group. Three primary themes and six sub-themes are presented and speak to the challenges and concerns for young people communicating online about self-harm and suicide, the roles and responsibilities for online safety and suicide prevention, and the use of social media safety features and policies. Findings highlight the importance of cross-industry collaborations and consideration of social media in future suicide prevention solutions intended to support young people.
The Application of Large Language Models in The Workflow of the Chinese Internet Credit System and Accountability Analysis

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study commences with the challenges and shortcomings faced by traditional Chinese internet credit systems in an information society as a point of departure, examining the rationale behind the necessity for these enterprises to leverage large language model technologies. By dissecting the operational processes and logic of Chinese internet credit companies, the research delineates the methods and advantages of applying large language models across the front-end, mid-end, and back-end of workflows. Furthermore, it investigates the impact of such technological adoption on corporate risk management and accountability issues.
Imports of Developing Countries: An Empirical Model of Intertemporal Allocation and Financial Constraints

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper specifies and estimates for three developing countries two intertemporal models of total imports. Imports are related alternatively to foreign exchange receipts and to GNP, with explicit account taken of expectations about the future values of these variables, future import prices and interest rates. Using non-nested hypothesis tests, the models are compared between themselves and with two other models of imports in the literature. While the results are not entirely satisfactory, they suggest that the intertemporal approach is quite promising. As this attempt is first to estimate an intertemporal model of international trade, considerable space is devoted to the operational specification of the theoretical models.
Antimicrobial Activity of the Ethanol Extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum Leaves on Multi-Drug Resistant Bacterial Strains

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aim: The rise in drug resistance has underscored the necessity of exploring alternatives to conventional medications. Herbal remedies, which have gained societal acceptance, represent a significant avenue for such exploration. This study focuses on assessing the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum against some multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Methods: The ethanolic extract was prepared from fresh B. pinnatum leaves using standard laboratory procedures. Antibacterial activity was assessed through the agar well diffusion method against a selection of MDR bacteria, namely Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the broth dilution method. Results: The ethanolic extract exhibited notable antibacterial activity, particularly against Proteus spp and Salmonella typhi. At concentrations of 200 mg/mL, inhibition zones of 18 mm and 24 mm were observed, while at 100 mg/mL, zones of 11 mm and 20 mm were recorded, respectively. The MIC test revealed that the extract was active against Salmonella typhi and Proteus sp at 200 mg/mL. The MBC test revealed that at 200 mg/mL, the extract was active against Proteus sp. Conclusion: B. pinnatum ethanolic leaf extract showed antibacterial activities against MDR E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S aureus, thus, making it a potential drug development candidate for treatment of ailments caused by these pathogens. Further research is recommended to delve into the specific antibacterial components and mechanisms of action for a more comprehensive understanding.
Microsoft Office 2007 business intelligence

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Extract and analyze mission-critical enterprise data using Microsoft Office 2007

This authoritative volume is a practical guide to the powerful new collaborative Business Intelligence tools available in Office 2007. Using real-world examples and clear explanations, Microsoft Office 2007 Business Intelligence: Reporting, Analysis, and Measurement from the Desktop shows you how to use Excel, Excel Services, SharePoint, and PerformancePoint with a wide range of stand-alone and external data in today's networked office. You will learn how to analyze data and generate reports, scorecards, and dashboards with the Office tools you're already using to help you in your everyday work.

Create Excel PivotTables and PivotCharts and apply Conditional Formatting
Convert Excel spreadsheets into Excel Tables with Conditional Formatting and Charting
Connect external data to Excel using Office Data Connections and SharePoint
Create SharePoint dashboards that display data from multiple sources
Add Key Performance Indicators and Excel Services reports to your dashboards
Harness advanced SQL Server 2005 data analysis tools with the Excel Data Mining Add-In and Visio Cluster Diagrams
Generate integrated PerformancePoint Scorecards
Create Visio PivotDiagrams and Windows Mobile spreadsheets

All of the examples in the book can be downloaded for free by doing the following: go to www.mhprofessional.com. Click on the Computing tab. Click on the Downloads page. Click on the book's title to download the examples.
Table of contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Introduction to Microsoft Office BI Concepts
Chapter 2. PivotTables, PivotCharts, and Conditional Formatting
Chapter 3. Excel Tables: Conditional Formatting, What-If and Statistics, and Charts
Chapter 4. Excel and External Data: Files, Databases, Cubes, and Data from the Internet
Chapter 5. Excel and SharePoint: Reports, Key Performance Indicators, and Dashboards
Chapter 6. Excel and Data Mining: Key Influencers, Categories, and Forecasting
Chapter 7. PerformancePoint: Dashboards, Scorecards, and Key Performance Indicators
Chapter 8. Office BI: Office, Visio, Windows Mobile, Office Online, SQL Server, and Virtual Earth
Index