jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Compounding Sterile Preparations for Hospitalized Pediatric Patients in "X" Hospital Semarang City, Indonesia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Compounding sterile preparation, especially for hospitalized pediatric patients, needs more concern due to dose adjustment. Things to be concerned about are compounding personnel, utilization of aseptic technique, and facilitation that affects the quality of sterile preparations. The aims of this study were to observe compounding process and to quality the sterile preparations for hospitalized pediatric patients in “X” Hospital, Semarang City, Indonesia. This research is an observational analitic with incidentally sampling research. Subject in this research was personnel who performed sterile preparations for hospitalized pediatric patients. Results from 114 sterile preparations which were observed in pediatric ward showed that compounding personnel (100%), facilities & infrastuctures, and sterile preparations procedure were not suitable with the Mixing Guideline for injectable drug and cytostatic (2009), hence it could impact the quality of sterile preparations. In addition, even after implementing appropriate solvent, compounding procedures, and aseptic technique had been utilized (100%), the physical incompatibility occurred was 8.77%. The pH of Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime was similar with those in the literature, but for Omeprazole’s pH and based on sterility test, there were no bacterial growth.
Altered Serum Metabolic Profile Assessed by Advanced 1H-NMR in Breast Cancer Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Altered lipid metabolism has been described in some types of cancer. To analyse in depth the metabolic modifications in breast cancer patients, advanced 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance was performed in these patients. The main objective of this paper was to define a specific lipidomic signature for these cancer patients. Materials and methods: Serum from 240 women (171 breast cancer patients and 69 control women) were studied and analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance. Results: Triglyceride-enriched particles, specifically very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides, intermediate-density lipoprotein triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein triglycerides, were positively associated with breast cancer. Moreover, alanine, tyrosine, and branched amino acids were also associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Conclusions: Breast cancer patients showed a modified metabolome, giving a very interesting tool to draw different radar charts between control women and breast cancer patients. To our knowledge, this is the first time that advanced nuclear magnetic resonance profiling has been used to identify relevant and specifically altered lipid or amino acid metabolites in BC serum samples. The altered metabolic signature could be analysed for early and reliable BC patient diagnosis and prognosis.
Prognostic disclosure in cancer care: a systematic literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Collusion in cancer care is the diplomatic concealment of information between a triad of the health care professional (HCP), patient, and caregiver. Free and expressive communication is determined by multiple factors, which establishes a healthy balance between ‘patient-centric’ and ‘family-centric’ decision making. The lack of a universal approach to prognostic disclosure techniques emphasizes the need for a systematic review of contemporary practice. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted till June 2020 using themes based on cancer, communication, prognostic disclosure, and collusion by using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Fifty-three studies involving 10,569 subjects were studied for their utility on prognostic disclosure using different communication methods and interfaces. Twenty-three studies used a face-to-face interview with subjects while in-person telephonic interviews were conducted in two studies, 16 studies implicated semi-structured questionnaires, and 6 studies mentioned the development of a new technique/tool for disclosure. The duration of a session for prognosis-disclosure ranged from 22 min to 1 h. The involvement of palliative care specialists and mental health professionals was limited during the disclosure of the prognosis. Conclusion: The findings of the review indicate that patients in cancer care are aware of their diagnosis and to a certain extent of prognosis despite nondisclosure by their family members and treating teams. This review emphasizes the assessment of ‘disclosure wishes’ among patients and caregivers in separate interviews rather than simply relying on one specific method of interviewing. The nonconfrontational approach and training among HCPs are of utmost importance to build therapeutic resilience among the treating team involved in cancer care. Since many factors such as family wishes, cultural dissonance, medical model, and patient perception could become barriers to prognostic disclosure, there is a need to develop a universal approach to prognostic disclosure and handling associated collusion.
Evaluation of skeletal maturity in Type 1 Diabetic Mellitus subjects

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: The accurate assessment of skeletal maturation and residual growth is critically important in orthodontics, especially in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus growing subjects in which the available data on their growth are conflicting and are mainly derived from cross-sectional studies. Aim of the study: This study aimed to examine the association between the calcification stages of the second mandibular molar, the maturation of the middle finger phalanx, and the chronological age of the patients. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 80 Iraqi subjects of Type1 Diabetic Mellitus (T1DM), 40 males and 40 females. For each subject, two per apical radiographic were used, one for the mandibular right second molar and the other for the middle phalanx of the middle finger (MP3). Demirjian method (1973) was assessed for the ossification of teeth, while Staging of the Middle phalanx of the third finger radiographs was done according to the Rajagopal and Kansal method. Result: The results showed no significant association between skeletal and dental maturity for both genders in T1DM growing subjects and a negative association can be seen between dental age and skeletal age in total, male and female T1DM subjects. Conclusion: mandibular second molar calcification stages of Demirgian's classification are unreliable as a skeletal maturity indicator in TIDM.
Concomitant Lung Cancer and Surgical Heart Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Concomitance of pulmonary carcinoma and heart disease poses problems of management. We encountered this disease combination in 6 of 2,139 patients operated on with extracorporeal circulation during a 5-year period. Our policy has been to correct the heart disease first. The tumour was subsequently operated on in five of the six patients, but the sixth was subjected only to excisional biopsy of malignant tumour nodules during the heart operation. There was no operative mortality. Three patients died in the follow-up period. A treatment strategy is suggested, based on our experience and on a review of the literature.
11 Emergent Serialization in English: Pragmatics and Typology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter examines the take NP and construction to show how a close study of the distribution of a construction in discourse leads to a view of grammar as something fluid and unstable, that is, as emergent from, and inseparable from, its discourse environment. Verb serialization, in this view, would then be one part of an entire range of possible uses of the first verb, some of which have become grammaticalized, and which are in turn part of a general process whereby a word with a wide range of meanings projects subsequent stretches of discourse, ‘captures’ them, and hauls them into its scope. Verb serialization is thus, to the extent that it is not a borrowed feature, an emergent process.
Playful Prototyping In Speculative Design Practices

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Prototyping is a fundamental part of the design process. The iterative as-semblage and manipulation of shapes, textures, colors, and volumes generate re-flections not only about formal qualities but also about possible affordances, functionalities, and meanings. Prototypical artifacts emerge from the negotiation between the informed rational thinking coming from research, the mechanical behavior of the material, the human body ergonomics and dexterity, and the serendipitous discoveries happening in the process. Analyzing the creative dy-namics happening during prototyping, it is possible to observe similarities be-tween model-making and play. Such dynamics of reflection in action have the creative potential to foster speculative inquiry. The aim of this contribution is to present, through a case study workshop, playful prototyping as a speculative de-sign methodology: a playful approach that can generate extreme, thought-provoking, and radical outputs in the form of diegetic prototypes of speculative design and design fiction.
Um Framework Para Proviso De Qos

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Over the past few years, an emerging demand for multimedia communication and processing systems has been observed. On these systems, the notion of quality of service (QoS) has evolved rapidly, either as a way for user requirements specification, or as a reference for the configuration, operation and maintenance of the resource sharing and orchestrating mechanisms. This thesis is motivated by the belief that architectures for the provision of specific services are not flexible enough to support new media treatment technics. As an alternative, the thesis presents a framework that organizes QoS provision in a domain which is sufficiently generic to include any communication and processing environment, encompassing from specific subsystems to distributed multimedia systems. With these characteristics, the framework allows the construction of configurable systems, with regard to the introduction of new services, and eases the implementation of resource sharing and orchestrating mechanisms.
A Research Paper on Digital Marketing Communication and Consumer Buying Decision Process: An Empirical Study in the Indian Passenger Car Market

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The effect of digital marketing communication on product categories like books, music, fashion accessories, clothing, banking and online gaming etc. has been well researched by the researchers; but automobile industry despite being one of the largest digital spenders has faced dearth of academic studies especially in India. The present study aims to understand the effect of digital marketing communication on consumer buying decision process in Indian passenger car market. Mixed methodology was adopted for the study. Primary data was collected from 784 respondents from 'Delhi' using area wise proportionate sampling. One sample Wilocoxon Signed Rank, one sample binomial test and chi-sqaure tests were applied as tests of significance. The study concluded that 75% of the respondents used at least one digital channel of communication while buying a car. 'Website' was the most used digital channel of communication while buying a car followed by 'social networking sites' and 'smartphones'. Each and every stage of car buying decision making process right from 'need recognition' to 'post purchase' was 'significantly' affected from digital marketing communication with 'evaluation' being the most affected stage. The results of the study confirmed that digital marketing communication is capable of even triggering need recognition in high involvement product category like car. The results also established that consumers feel positive towards digital communication, get affected from other customers' reviews and express their post-purchase feeling feelings over digital platforms. However, the study also confirmed that although customers appreciate the usage of digital channels throughout the decision making journey, still they don't book a car online.
Oligonucleotides Containing Novel 4′-C- or 3′-C-(Aminoalkyl)-Branched Thymidines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The synthesis of four novel 3′-C-branched and 4′-C-branched nucleosides and their transformation into the corresponding 3′-O-phosphoramidite building blocks for automated oligonucleotide synthesis is reported. The 4′-C-branched key intermediate 11 was synthesized by a convergent strategy and converted to its 2′-O-methyl and 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro derivatives, leading to the preparation of novel oligonucleotide analogues containing 4′-C-(aminomethyl)-2′-O-methyl monomer X and 4′-C-(aminomethyl)-2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro monomer Y (Schemes 2 and 3). In general, increased binding affinity towards complementary single-stranded DNA and RNA was obtained with these analogues compared to the unmodified references (Table 1). The presence of monomer X or monomer Y in a 2′-O-methyl-RNA oligonucleotide had a negative effect on the binding affinity of the 2′-O-methyl-RNA oligonucleotide towards DNA and RNA. Starting from the 3′-C-allyl derivative 28, 3′-C-(3-aminopropyl)-protected nucleosides and 3′-O-phosphoramidite derivatives were synthesized, leading to novel oligonucleotide analogues containing 3′-C-(3-aminopropyl)thymidine monomer Z or the corresponding 3′-C-(3-aminopropyl)-2′-O,5-dimethyluridine monomer W (Schemes 4 and 5). Incorporation of the 2′-deoxy monomer Z induced no significant changes in the binding affinity towards DNA but decreased binding affinity towards RNA, while the 2′-O-methyl monomer Z induced decreased binding affinity towards DNA as well as RNA complements (Table 2).
Multicentre validation study of sentinel node biopsy for staging in breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to validate sentinel node biopsy for axillary staging after the initial learning phase, and to analyse factors associated with false-negative biopsies. Methods Some 675 patients, who had standard sentinel node biopsy followed by level I and II axillary clearance in one of 20 hospitals in Sweden and were operated on by 36 different surgeons, were recruited prospectively. Results The overall detection rate was 94·5 per cent. It varied between surgeons but was not influenced by the number of operations per surgeon. Moreover, it was lower among older patients. The overall false-negative rate was 7·7 per cent. This rate was not affected by patient age, tumour histological type or Elston grade, but was increased in patients with multifocal tumours. Some 21 per cent of patients with a multifocal tumour diagnosed on postoperative histopathological analysis had a false-negative biopsy compared with 5·6 per cent of those with unifocal tumours (P = 0·004). Conclusion Sentinel node biopsy was shown to be a reliable method for axillary staging of unifocal breast tumours.
On stable type IIA de-Sitter vacua with geometric flux

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a class of tachyon-free (stable) AdS as well as dS solutions in the context of type IIA orientifold compactifications. This model is based on a type IIA setting having geometric flux which, in addition, also includes the usual NS-NS three-form flux ${\rm H}_3$ and the RR $p$-form fluxes ${\rm F}_p$ for $p \in \{0, 2, 4, 6\}$. Although all the saxionic moduli are stabilized, there remains a combination of the RR axions which is flat, and the dS solution is realized through the $D$-term effects induced by the geometric fluxes, without which one can only have AdS solutions. Using flux scaling arguments we also discuss how to engineer a parametric control in these models, in the sense of realizing the respective AdS/dS solutions in large volume, weak string-coupling as well as large complex-structure regime. We also discuss open possibilities (e.g. about the unknown status on having the complete set of Bianchi identities) under which such tachyon-free dS solutions may or may not be viable.
Association of ABO blood groups with presentation and outcomes of confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection: A prospective study in the largest COVID-19 dedicated hospital in Bangladesh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Globally, studies have shown conflicting results regarding the association of blood groups with SARS CoV-2 infection. Objective To observe the association between ABO blood groups and the presentation and outcomes of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Design, setting, and participants This was a prospective cohort study of patients with mild-to-moderately severe COVID-19 infections who presented in the COVID-19 unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital and were enrolled between 01 June and 25 August, 2020. Patients were followed up for at least 30 days after disease onset. We grouped participants with A-positive and A-negative blood groups into group I and participants with other blood groups into group II. Results The cohort included 438 patients; 52 patients were lost to follow-up, five died, and 381 completed the study. The prevalence of blood group A [144 (32.9%)] was significantly higher among COVID-19 patients than in the general population (p < 0.001). The presenting age [mean (SD)] of group I [42.1 (14.5)] was higher than that of group II [38.8 (12.4), p = 0.014]. Sex (p = 0.23) and co-morbidity (hypertension, p = 0.34; diabetes, p = 0.13) did not differ between the patients in groups I and II. No differences were observed regarding important presenting symptoms, including fever (p = 0.72), cough (p = 0.69), and respiratory distress (p = 0.09). There was no significant difference in the median duration of symptoms in the two group (12 days), and conversion to the next level of severity was observed in 26 (20.6%) and 36 patients (13.8%) in group I and II, respectively. However, persistent positivity of RT-PCR at 14 days of initial positivity was more frequent among the patients in group I [24 (19%)] than among those in group II [29 (11.1%)]. Conclusions The prevalence of blood group A was higher among COVID-19 patients. Although ABO blood groups were not associated with the presentation or recovery period of COVID-19, patients with blood group A had delayed seroconversion.
Predation upon small mammals in shrublands and grasslands of southern South America: ecological correlates and presumable

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

I made a selective review of studies conducted in shrublands and grasslands of Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay, in which population levels of small mammals had been assessed, information on the diet of local predators had been reported, and/or presumed effects of predation had been discussed. The information available supports the following generalizations: 1) Predators seem to concentrate on the most abundant native rodents (e.g., Octodon degus in Chile; Microcavia australis, Cavia aperea, and Akodon azarae in Argentina; and Cavia aperea in Uruguay), consuming the remaining mammal species about in proportion to their relative abundances, but sometimes ignoring abundant introduced lagomorphs (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus). 2) The most preyed-upon rodents tend to be of large size (> 200 g) and usually are diurnal folivores. 3) Population levels of these rodents are sometimes depressed by predation but predators do not seem capable of driving them to extinction, except in very small habitat patches, and perhaps only temporarily. 4) Predators seem effective in restricting the spatial activity patterns of their main prey to the vicinity of protective cover (e.g., bushes, burrows, rock piles), which usually are interconnected by tunnels, galleries, and/or runways. 5) Intensive removal of herbs caused by rodent foraging in the periphery of cover or shelter generates characteristic bare zones. 6) Low predation upon introduced lagomorphs (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus in Chile) has resulted in the expansion of their habitat use, which has affected the physiognomy and vegetational composition of the areas invaded. 7) In general, the different predation pressures upon small mammals directly affect their spatial activities, and indirectly, their impact on the habitats they occupy.
HOW TO MITIGATE RISKS OF BULLYING INVASION WHILE CREATING ORGANIZATION’S FUTURE UNDER HIGH UNCERTAINTY?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Organizations are constantly reinventing themselves and going through continuous organizational changes what, if mismanaged, can result in bullying. If bullying is mismanaged it can result in disfunctioning organizational processes. The main aim of this research is to develop theoretical framework on how to mitigate the risks of bullying invasion while creating organization‘s future under high uncertainty. The theoretical analysis of organization’s future creation and that of bullying in a context of high uncertainty is undertaken. It is revealed that to cope with the potential “side effects” of continuous strategic changes, organizations need to institutionalize bullying, ensure effective information sharing and communication.
The role of distance and proximity in social support and psychological distress for women with infertility

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

About 10% of women aged 15-44 have difficulty getting pregnant or remaining pregnant (CDC, 2011). This study was on how women use their social support to cope with their infertility. The three aims of the present study were: (1) examine online communication versus face-to-face interactions for infertility social support groups, (2) examine online communications versus face-to-face interactions for personal social support network, and (3) examine relationships between the average geographical location of personal social support network and psychological distress outcomes. There were no significant differences between face-to-face interactions and online communication on psychological distress for either infertility social support groups or personal social support groups. A greater average geographical distance of personal social support was significantly correlated with lower levels of emotional distress and less negative coping styles. The findings suggest that the use of online communication for social support when coping with infertility is comparable to face-to-face interactions, if not preferable.