jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modelling of Ciprofloxacin and Colistin in Combination on Escherichia Coli

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Ciprofloxacin resistance is common in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Combination therapy has potential to treat resistant infections. Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modelling may ...
Pharmacoeconomic efficiency of the exhaled nitric oxide monitoring for the purpose of personalized basic therapy for children with atopic asthma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

effectiveness of basic therapy for atopic asthma in children. Material and Methods. A 24-week, prospective, comparative, randomized, open-label study in parallel groups was performed. There were included 70 children with uncontrolled atopic asthma with high FeNO (FeNO>50ppb). There were evaluated the comparative efficacy of selection of basic therapy by using monthly monitoring of FeNO and criteria of asthma control in accordance with the recommendations of GINA (2011). Results. The cost / effective ratio (CER) for achievement of one permanent 12 week-control after 24 weeks of therapy in group of monitoring FeNO was 11433,26 rubles, which was 40% lower, than the CER in the comparison group (18382,99 rubles). Conclusion. The using of FeNO monitoring for a personalized correction of basic therapy in children with uncontrolled atopic asthma can reduce the cost of treatment and is also economically viable.
The Future of Simulation Exercises – Distributed/Federated Real-Time Simulations in the Context of Aviation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the aviation context, Real-Time Simulations (RTS) are often used to support validation exercises since they are widely acknowledged as a way to support the validation processes of aircraft systems and Air Traffic Management (ATM) procedures. This scientific publication offers a detailed examination of distributed/ federated simulations, focusing specifically on human performance, cybersecurity and economic efficiency. The paper provides a review of previous studies, analyses existing standards and protocols that form today’s foundation for conducting distributed simulations, and discusses a variety of potential use cases to verify the feasibility of distributed/ federated simulations in the context of aviation.
Bruise Damage Susceptibility and Fruit Quality Assessment of Pear

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Bruising is a type of mechanical damage that challenges fresh horticulture production efforts, which occurs mainly due to excessive compression and impact forces during postharvest operations resulting in quality deterioration of fresh produce and reduction in economic value. Objective: This study aims to assess the bruise susceptibility of imported pears and determine its effect on pear quality attributes. Materials and Methods: Each Pyrus communis, variety ‘D'Anjou’ imported pears was impacted by a known mass steel ball at three different drop heights (20, 40, and 60 cm). Bruised fruit was stored at 22°C with 45±5% RH and 10°C with 85±5% RH for 48 hours storage period. Pears were also subjected to different quality analyses like color, firmness, weight loss, and total soluble solids (TSS). The analysis was conducted by performing two factorial balanced analyses of variance (ANOVA). Results: Bruise area, bruise volume, and bruise susceptibility were the highest at higher drop impact (60 cm) on pears stored at 22°C and the lowest were at lower drop impact (20 cm) on pears stored at 10°C. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant impact of drop height and temperature on bruising susceptibility. Besides, statistics showed a significant impact of the studied factors (temperature and drop height) on quality parameters of pears such as lightness ( L *), redness-greenness ( a *), weight loss, and firmness after 48 hours of storage Conclusion: Mechanical damages like bruising can be affected by many factors like storage temperature and impact level force. Finally, it was concluded that mechanical damages like bruising can be affected by many factors like storage temperature and impact force. Overall, this study can consider as a guideline for workers during postharvest operations and handling.
Both the rooster and incubation temperature affect embryonic metabolism and day-old chicken quality in laying hens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

During incubation, the main factors driving embryonic metabolism and developmentare nutrient availability, oxygen availability and embryo temperature. Both nutrient andoxygen availability are expected to be particularly affected by the hen and thus the henis thought to majorly determining embryonic metabolism and day-old chicken quality.However, in wild birds it has been suggested that the rooster is of influence on offspringquality, directly or via affecting egg size and egg composition. In poultry, the role of therooster in embryonic development and metabolism is hardly investigated. In case therooster affects egg composition, this can mean that the incubation temperature needs to be adjusted to obtain optimal embryo temperature. The role of incubation temperatureon embryonic metabolism and development in the broiler chicken is extensivelyinvestigated, but much less information is available regarding laying hen chickens.The aim of the experiment was to investigate the role of the rooster and the incubationtemperature on laying hen embryonic development and chicken quality. Eggs of twogenetic crossbreds (AB and BB; 51 to 59 weeks of age) were used. Hens originated fromthe same breeder flock, were housed at the same farm, obtained the same managementand diet but were mated with a different rooster. In six consecutive batches, eggs ofboth crossbreds (59.0 to 61.0 gram) were incubated at an eggshell temperature (EST) of37.8oC during the first 14.5 days and at an EST of 36.7, 37.8 or 38.9oC from day 14.5 ofincubation onward. In all batches, eggs of both crossbreds were used, but EST differedamong batches. Egg composition was determined in fresh eggs, heat production wasdetermined between day 14.5 and 18.5 of incubation and day-old chicken quality wasdetermined at 6 hours after hatching or at pulling. Yolk weight tended to be higher(Δ=0.28 gram; P=0.08) in AB than in BB crossbreds, whereas other egg components didnot differ. Heat production between day 14.5 and 18.5 of incubation was higher in theAB than in the BB crossbred (Δ=2.61%; P<0.001). At pulling, AB chickens were lighter,had less red hocks, more red beaks and worse navel scores than BB chickens. An ESTof 36.7oC resulted in later hatching time, higher heart weight and higher intestineweight than an EST of 38.9oC. It can be concluded that both the rooster and incubationtemperature appears to affect embryonic metabolism and day-old chicken quality.
Transient Stability Enhancement Using Matrix Converter Based UPFC with Intelligent Controlling Techniques

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a matrix converter based UPFC for enhancing the transient stability. Conventional methods use a two step based UPFC (DC-AC-DC). In the proposed model the conventional UPFC is replaced by a Matrix Converter which is controlled with two different controllers which include fuzzy logic controller and the other with an added integrator which is referred to be a HYBRID fuzzy logic controller. In this paper, the working of matrix converter based UPFC with the two controller techniques under certain disturbances is observed using the MATLAB software and the results are verified.
Automatic Gate at Railway Platform using Embedded System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ensuring passenger safety and optimizing operational efficiency are paramount concerns for railway systems worldwide. the deployment of an automatic gate system at railway platforms emerges as a pivotal solution. This paper proposes the design and implementation of an innovative automatic gate system tailored to railway platforms, aimed at enhancing safety protocols and streamlining passenger flow. The automatic gate system integrates cutting-edge technologies such as sensors, actuators, and machine learning algorithms to detect and respond to passenger movements in real-time. By employing infrared sensors and computer vision techniques, the system accurately identifies individuals approaching the platform edge, thus mitigating the risk of accidents and unauthorized access to restricted areas. The efficiency and safety of railway platforms are paramount for the smooth functioning of any railway system. With the burgeoning urban population and increasing passenger traffic, the need for automated gate systems has become imperative. The proposed AGS integrates cutting-edge technology to enhance passenger experience and streamline platform operations. Utilizing sensors, actuators, and a central control unit, the system facilitates seamless entry and exit of passengers while ensuring safety and security
The Influence of Myrj 59 on the Solubility, Toxicity and Activity of Amphotericin B

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effect of Myrj 59 (a polyoxyethyleneglycol derivative of stearic acid) on amphotericin B (Am B) solubility, toxicity and activity has been investigated. We showed that Myrj 59 could solubilize the antibiotic. Moreover, it also decreased and abolished the haemolytic activity of the drug by increasing the resistance of the red blood cells and impairing the interaction of Am B with the cellular membrane cholesterol, but it did not modify the in-vitro antifungal activity of the drug. On the other hand, Myrj 59 did not decrease the acute in-vivo toxicity of the drug (LD50 and nephrotoxicity). In a previous study we have shown that a polyoxyethyleneglycol derivative of cholesterol could solubilize Am B and was able to decrease the in-vitro and in-vivo toxicity of the antibiotic without altering its in-vitro antifungal activity. The results of the present study suggest that the cholesterol moiety of the surfactant is not necessary to decrease the in-vitro lytic activity of the drug but could play a role in the reduction of the in-vivo toxicity.
Trifunctional Sphinganine: A New Tool to Dissect Sphingolipid Function

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Functions and cell biology of the sphingolipids sphingosine and sphinganine in cells are not well understood. While some signaling roles for sphingosine have been elucidated, the closely related sphinganine has been described only insofar as it does not elicit many of the same signaling responses. Here, we prepared multifunctionalized derivatives of the two lipid species that differ only in a single double bond of the carbon backbone. Using these novel probes, we were able to define their spatiotemporal distributions within cells. Furthermore, we used these tools to systematically map the protein interactomes of both lipids. The lipid-protein conjugates, prepared through photo-crosslinking in live cells and extraction via click chemistry to azide beads, revealed significant differences in the captured proteins, highlighting their distinct roles in various cellular processes. This work elucidates mechanistic differences between these critical lipids and sets the foundation for further studies of the cellular functions of sphingosine and sphinganine.
Assessing the roles of inflammation and blood brain barrier permeability in cognitive impairment: A nationwide longitudinal study of patients receiving chemotherapy and non-cancer controls.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

12070 Background: Cognitive impairment is a prevalent side effect of chemotherapy. We have previously shown that chemotherapy treatment is associated with worse performance on the Rapid Visual Processing test (RVP), an objective measure of sustained attention, over time compared to non-cancer controls. Better understanding of the biologic mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in cancer patients is needed. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) has been implicated in increasing blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, which in turn is associated with cognitive impairment. This study assessed the relationships of TNFα and S100β, a biomarker of BBB permeability, to each other and to RVP performance over time. Methods: We analyzed a subset of participants (n = 89 patients, n = 52 controls, mean age = 60) from a prospective longitudinal study of women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy and non-cancer controls. TNFα and S100β were measured in serum pre-chemotherapy (T1, ≤7 days before first treatment) and post-chemotherapy (T2, ≤1 month after last treatment) and at corresponding times for controls. Sustained attention was assessed by total correct rejections on the RVP test at T1 and T2. Separate linear regression models including all participants were used to relate 1) baseline TNFα and S100β levels to change in RVP performance over time, 2) change in TNFα and S100β to change in RVP performance over time, and 3) change in TNFα to change in S100β. Models were adjusted for age. 4) T-tests were used to compare the TNFα and S100β change scores (T1 to T2) of patients vs controls. Results: Greater increase (T1 to T2) in the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα was associated with worse cognition, measured by performance on RVP over time (p = 0.02). Higher baseline S100β, a biomarker of BBB permeability, was associated with worse performance on RVP over time (p = 0.09). Increase in TNFα was associated with increase in S100β (p = 0.11). S100β increased from T1 to T2 in patients relative to controls (p = 0.09). Conclusions: These results suggest that higher TNFα may be related to increases in blood brain barrier permeability and worse cognition. Future studies will further define the link between inflammation, blood brain barrier permeability and chemotherapy-related cognitive decline, with the goal of informing the development of new interventions. Funding: R01CA231014, T32CA102618, DP2CA195765, UG1CA189961.
Interaction of antigen load and antibody response in determining heterologous protein nephritogenicity in inbred mice.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Genetically disparate inbred mouse strains mounting quantitatively different immune responses to a potentially nephritogenic heterologous protein had varied development of glomerulonephritis (GN) dependent upon the interaction between level of antibody response and antigen dose. High responder BALB/c mice given high doses of horse apoferritin developed a severe necrotizing GN. BALB/c mice given low dose horse apoferritin developed less severe GN, or when antibodies were in extreme excess, no GN. Low responder C3H mice given high dose horse apoferritin were in extreme antigen excess and developed no GN. C3H mice given low dose horse apoferritin developed a glomerulopathy characterized by capillary loop immune deposits. Interstrain differences in immune clearance and avidity did not account for this varied nephritogenicity, although avidity did relate to glomerular site of immune deposits in the BALB/c model. In the models under consideration susceptibility to heterologous antigen-induced glomerular injury was a function of the magnitudes of both the antibody response and the antigenic challenge.
Associative Testing in Phraseology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

No word exists as an isolated item in our minds; rather, verbal strands connect one word with another.Associations dictionaries identify these strands or connections.The main aim of this paper is to show how to build a phraseological and paremiological corpus, which is anchored in the mental lexicon of a speaker.An extensive associative testing (of 1060 native speakers of Croatian, German and Russian) was carried out.The survey was conducted by means of the associative method (field: wild animals).The testing is intended for practical use, e.g. in teaching German and Russian as a foreign language (in phraseological didactics).
Transaction Cost Economics and After: Addressing The New Theory Challenge

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) has been the most frequently appropriated theoretical frameworks to study Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) (Dibbern et al., 2004; Klein, 2002). TCE is a theory specifically addressing make-or-buy decisions and has therefore been viewed as a strong theoretical base for analysing ITO decisions. TCE has enjoyed an abundance of empirical and theoretical academic attention in other organizational contexts, which may have also influenced its appeal to ITO researchers (Anderson, 1994; Bowen and Jones, 1986; Griesinger, 1990; Hennart, 1991a, 1991b; Hesterly et al., 1990; Hill, 1990; Joskow, 1985, 1991; Lieberman, 1991; Malone, 1987; Malone et al., 1987; Pisano, 1990; Robins, 1987; Walker and Poppo, 1991). In addition, this is a theory we have used and applied in our own empirical work (Lacity and Willcocks, 1995, 2009; Poppo and Lacity, 2002). Given its common adoption for studying ITO, and following on our observations in Chapter 1, it is both relevant and timely to review further the empirical applications of TCE to the ITO context.KeywordsStrategic Management JournalTransaction Cost EconomicAsset SpecificityRelational GovernanceTransaction Cost TheoryThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBTERRANEAN HOT WATER EVALUATED USING WATER QUALITY CONCENTRATION DATA

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Spatial distribution characteristics of subterranean hot water were indexed using correlation coefficient's (R) p-values for hot spring water quality indicators. For example, in a case where the p-value of R was smaller than 5%, the correlations of a set of water qualities for two hot springs were significant. In this study, in a dense hot spring area, the minimum distance with a p-value greater than Pc (critical p-value) was proposed as a stochastic and critical distance (Xc) for both new and existing hot spring owners. By using data from 10 hot springs in each area, 45 sets of distances and p-values were examined. Of the five areas examined, three and four Xcs more than 1,000m were found for Pc 1% and Pc 5%, respectively. The experimental relation between the given Xc and the hot spring depth could not be confirmed. Results indicate that the influence of water quality from new hot springs located outside of the Xc range is not always insignificant, even though the water quality of the new hot springs should primarily influence existing springs located within the Xc range.
South-South Cooperation and Companies in Brazil and Chile

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article analyzes the participation of companies in the South-South Cooperation (SSC) of Brazil and Chile during the last decade. It proposes that economic interests attract the private sector into SSC -no exclusion being made of solidarity reasons- and that such interests are in line with the foreign policy objectives set by both governments. As Brazil and Chile have implemented very similar economic programs -the Brazilian one inspired in German neoliberalism, whereas the Chilean one, in the Chicago school, with less State intervention (Ramírez, 2012, p. 77)-, their companies’ participation enables us to observe whether the economic model has any impact on the role they play in SSC. During the last decade, Brazil’s and Chile’s SSC has pursued political and economic goals that form part of their respective national interest within a realistic approach to international relations. This interest is reflected in their economic policies, whereby companies can accumulate resources (capital, knowledge, expertise) to reach the international market; therefore, business strategies are rooted in national economic policies (Goldstein, 2007). In both cases, SSC is a foreign policy instrument helping Brazil and Chile attain their economic goals and overcome their neighbors’ mistrust and the new stratification of the Global South, according to which they are at an intermediate level close to the developed countries (Vieira Alden, 2011). Moreover, SSC serves as a mechanism to gain recognition and support (Brazil, at the WTO and the UN; Chile, among its regional priority partners), without necessarily representing a contradiction between solidarity for development and national economic advancement (Burges, 2012). This encourages business involvement, despite the differences as to the mechanisms used by either government to boost it and the type of business that participates (large-sized companies in Brazil, SMEs in Chile). In Brazil and Chile, private companies reap benefits from SSC, which have a positive impact on the governments’ political interests. Furthermore, SSC relies on the competitive advantages (technology, domestic savings, etc.) that these companies create as government policies favor their interests. In this sense, the economic model in Brazil and Chile is relevant for these countries’ SSC, as it gives the private sector a fundamental role in supporting their foreign policy goals. Overall, SSC and companies appear to supplement and support each other in both countries, without discrediting the benefits brought to third countries.
Constrained Participation: The Impact of Consultative Councils on National-Level Policy in Mexico

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The beginning of the twenty-first century brought good news to Mexico. After 70 years of uninterrupted rule by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), alternation of power had been achieved, the economy was recovering from the crisis of 1995, and the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN) appeared before Congress following its march into Mexico City. Meanwhile, civil society organizations (CSOs), which had been central to the process of democratization in the 1990s, were accessing public space as actors with significant voice. The agenda of the "government of change" highlighted new ways of relating to civil society. This included creating spaces and mechanisms for communication with CSOs, strengthening transparency and public access to government information, and placing CSO leadership in important government positions in the area of social development as well as in the presidency (Isunza Vera and Hevia, 2006).1 KeywordsCivil SocietyEnvironmental PolicyNational CouncilCivil Society OrganizationRegional CouncilThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.