jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Should pulp chamber pulpotomy be seen as a permanent treatment? Some preliminary thoughts

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim To investigate the benefits of pulpotomy (to the level of the floor of the pulp chamber) as an endodontic treatment for teeth with vital pulps. Methodology Seventeen patients, aged 7–54 years (mean of 37.2 year), were treated by pulpotomy and filling with ProRoot MTA ® in premolar or molar teeth with vital pulps and without clinical evidence of irreversible pulpitis. The patients were then followed up for 12 to 24 months and the teeth then assessed by clinical and radiographic examination. Statistical analysis was performed with Kaplan–Meier survival probability statistics to estimate the survival of the treated teeth. Results At 24 months, the survival rate without any complementary treatment was estimated to be 82%. Two of the 17 treated teeth required root canal treatment for pain control and one for prosthetic reasons. Conclusions Under the conditions of this study, pulpotomy offered a viable alternative to root canal treatment for teeth with vital pulps in the short term. However, there is insufficient clinical evidence to consider this technique for the treatment of every permanent tooth. Nevertheless, it should be considered as a potential alternative approach to be further developed for future applications.
Bioactivity and Secondary Metabolome Profiling of Marine Fungi Associated with the Seagrass Zostera marina

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fungi have played a historical role in discovery and development of life-saving drugs, such as antibiotics and anticancer drugs. Despite being an important portion of marine microbiome, chemical composition and the biotechnological potential of fungi from marine resources have so far remained underexplored. The eelgrass Zostera marina forms wide marine landscapes in the Northern Hemisphere and play a significant role in the welfare of marine ecosystems. In continuation of our work on seagrasses and marine fungi [1,2], we have investigated fungi associated with Z. marina and its surrounding sediment. Fourteen fungal strains, with a high proportion of Penicillium sp. (10 sp.) were obtained. The organic extracts of liquid cultures in five different culture media (with/without shaking) were tested for bioactivity. All extracts showed strong (up to 100% at 100 µg/mL concentration) anti-quorum sensing activity against Allivibrio fischerii and antimicrobial activity against marine pathogens Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii and Vibrio anguillarum. HPLC-DAD-MS-based secondary metabolome (SM) analyses of the extracts indicated the high influence of culture conditions on the SM profiles. Chemical diversity was high and dereplication was successful. For example, among 66 compounds detected in all Penicillium sp. belonged to the classes of alkaloids, polyketides, and terpenoids and 45 were successfully assigned to known compounds. Analysis of SM relatedness in culture conditions by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis revealed generally low similarity. Specifically, one Penicillium strain (P-85) formed a very distinct group in terms of its SM. Further Principal Component Analysis biplots revealed the strong effect of medium selection on SM profiles of P-85. This strain is now being cultivated in large-scale for in-depth metabolomics and bioactivity-guided isolation studies.
Termination of Isoform‐Selective Vps21/Rab5 Signaling at Endolysosomal Organelles by Msb3/Gyp3

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Traffic through endosomes and lysosomes is controlled by small G‐proteins of the Rab5 and Rab7 families. Like humans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has three Rab5s (Vps21, Ypt52 and Ypt53) and one Rab7 (Ypt7). Here, we elucidate the functional roles and regulation of the yeast Rab5s. Using GFP ‐tagged cargoes, a novel quantitative multivesicular body ( MVB ) sorting assay, and electron microscopy, we show that MVB biogenesis and thus MVB cargo sorting is severely impaired in vps21 Δ ypt52 Δ double mutants. Ypt53, the third Rab5 paralog, is hardly expressed during normal growth but its transcription is strongly induced by cellular stress through the calcineurin‐Crz1 pathway. The requirement for Rab5 activity in stress tolerance facilitated identification of Msb3/Gyp3 as the principal Rab5 GAP ( GTPase accelerating protein). In vitro GAP assays verified that Vps21 is a preferred Gyp3 target. Moreover, we demonstrate that Gyp3 spatially restricts active Vps21 to intermediate endosomal compartments by preventing Vps21 accumulation on lysosomal vacuoles. Gyp3, therefore, operates as a compartmental insulator that helps to define the spatial domain of Vps21 signaling in the endolysosomal pathway.
Role of Oxalis corniculata L. as plant virus reservoir with special regard to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV-RB) strain occurrence in rock-wool cultivation in Hungary

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The creeping wood sorrel (Oxalis corniculata L.) in Central Europe occurs mainly in anthropogenic areas, where it grows in parks and landfill sites or in protected cultivation sites like greenhouses and nurseries. In Hungary O. corniculata has been spreading since the 19th century. In glass- and greenhouses it is the only weed species that was able to settle and flourish on hydroponic rock-wool and coconut fibre growing media. Among virus pathogens of forced tomato (LYPES) and paprika crops (CPSAN) in Hungary the Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) has become an important one, severely affecting the plants and on occasions causing 100% yield losses. The spread of the virus was largely assisted by its effective vector the Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande). Initially the control of the disease was based on the control of the thrips, later, virus-resistant varieties were introduced. This however proved insufficient to fight the disease as it was discovered, quite recently, that in certain white pepper (CPSAN) varieties the virus was able to break up the resistance. According to data of the year 2012, those varieties that were considered resistant, showed up to 50% virus infection. Considering the wide spread of O. corniculata and increasing occurrence of the resistance-breaking TSWV isolates, surveys in greenhouses were conducted to examine whether the weed could serve as reservoir for TSWV. Samples were collected of the virus infected crop plants and O. corniculata growing in the same coconut fibre cubes. The samples were examined using test-plants, serological and RT-PCR methods. In result it was found that the symptoms were indeed caused by resistance-breaking TSWV isolates. However, no virus was found in the suspected O. corniculata samples. Therefore it was concluded that in this particular case the O. corniculata cannot be considered reservoir for the virus, in the hydroponic culture.
Feasibility of Automated Partial-Volume Correction of SUVs in Current PET/CT Scanners: Can Manufacturers Provide Integrated, Ready-to-Use Software?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TO THE EDITOR: The article by Soret et al. ( [1][1] ) in the June 2007 issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine on the implications of partial-volume effect (PVE) correction for PET in cancer provides a timely review of this important subject. It is quite clear that educating physicians—who are
The m/z 91 rearrangement ion in the mass spectra of some 1,4‐benzodiazepines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract With the aid of isotope labeling and by substituent shifts, the relatively strong m/z 91 ion in the mass spectra of 7‐chloro‐2‐methoxy‐5‐phenyl‐3 H ‐1,4‐benzodiazepine and related compounds was shown to contain the 5‐phenyl ring and the 3‐CH 2 group. Mechanisms involving the opening of the 7‐membered ring and the migration of the phenyl ring from C‐5 to C‐3 are postulated for the formation of this ion. This rearrangement ion was also observed in the mass spectra of some 1‐alkyl‐7‐chloro‐1,3‐dhydro‐5‐phenyl‐2 H ‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones.
Modulation of Millisecond Chlorophyll Luminescence by Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract By combining a high frequency modulation system for measurement of fluorescence with a phosphoroscope type apparatus for measurement of luminescence, recordings of fluorescence and luminescence induction kinetics under identical conditions were obtained. Both measuring sys­tems tolerated the application of saturating pulses of white light for rapid, transient elimination of photochemical quenching at photosystem II reaction centers, thus allowing determination of the non-photochemical quenching component. The saturation pulse induction curves of luminescence are well correlated with the corresponding curves of fluorescence, suggesting that luminescence yield is lowered by the same type of non-photochemical quenching (mostly “energy dependent quenching”) as fluorescence. Hence, in order to evaluate luminescence signals in terms of the rate of charge recombination at photosystem II reaction centers, knowledge of fluorescence quenching is required.
A Prospective Observational study to analyze changes in retinal blood vessel density in primary open angle glaucoma following intra ocular pressure reduction by surgical management using optical coherence tomography angiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION:
Glaucoma is an important leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy with multifactorial pathogenesis, raised intraocular pressure (IOP) being the most widely recognized and the only modifiable risk factor.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To document the peripapillary, papillary and optic nerve head vascular density index by using OCT-A, in patients with POAG and cataract before and after PhacoTrab.
2. To document the peripapillary, papillary and optic nerve head vascular density index by using OCT-A, in patients with cataract alone before and after PhacoIOL.
METHODS:
. OCT-A(using the Swept source spectral domain optical coherence tomography) scan for analysis of the optic nerve head vasculature, peripapillary, papillary and macular vessel density were done at preop, 1 week, 1month and 3 months. The continuous variables among the two groups were compared using independent-t-test and the categorical variables were compared using chi-square test. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the change of variables from baseline to 3 months among the two groups. The pairwise comparison was done with TUKEY test. All the analyses were performed using STATA/ IC 15.0 software.
RESULTS:
A total of 73 eyes of 73 patients were studied. Of these 33 eyes were of patients with primary open angle glaucoma with immature cataract (PhacoTrab group) and 40 eyes were of patients with immature cataract (PhacoIOL group). Of the 33 patients in the PhacoTrab group, 3 patients did not complete 3-month followup.
CONCLUSION:
• There was a significant difference in retinal vascular density in the optic nerve head, papillary, peripapillary and macular areas between patients in the PhacoTrab group and PhacoIOL group using Swept source OCTA.
• There was a significant improvement in optic nerve head vessel density using Swept source OCT after significant IOP reduction following phacotrabeculectomy. Significant IOP reduction after phacotrabeculectomy did not improve vessel density in papillary, peripapillary and macular areas.
• Macular vessel density was preserved even in advanced glaucoma.
Identifying differences in student traditionalities of remedial math students, adjusted for efficacy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The unpreparedness students have for college level math continues to challenge leadership in higher education when designing effective developmental curriculum. Diversely demographic classrooms; composed of both traditional and nontraditional students, may further complicate the instructors task when facilitating remedial courses. A convenience sample of 109 students at an open enrollment private college was evaluated for differences in math efficacy, pre-assessment scores, attendance, and final grade based on student traditionality. A three part survey included a Math Foundations Self Efficacy Scale (MFSES), a Student Demographic Survey (SDS) based on National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) characteristics for determining student traditionality, and a Basic Mathematics Inventory (BMI) pre-assessment quiz. The NCES defines students as traditional, minimally nontraditional, moderately nontraditional, or highly nontraditional based on seven demographic characteristics. The findings from this nonexperimental multivariate quantitative study indicated that no differences for student efficacies or math performance measured by the Computerized Adaptive Placement Assessment and Support Systems (COMPASS), student attendance, and final grade occurred in a developmental remedial math course based on based on student NCES traditionality. Analysis revealed that student performance for all traditionalities was influenced by efficacy; thus supporting germinal research about efficacy conducted by Bandura.
A16 FIBER SUPPLEMENTATION DIFFERENTIALLY MODULATES RESPONSES TO FECAL MICROBIAL TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AND SEVERE OBESITY: A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED PILOT TRIAL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) from lean donors to obese patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) has been associated with promising yet short-term metabolic improvements. The concept of using dietary or fiber supplementation to enhance effects induced by FMT has been much discussed in the literature, but to date no human trials have examined this concept. Aims The aim of this study was to determine if fiber supplementation following FMT was able to enhance or sustain FMT-mediated metabolic benefits. Methods We performed a 12-wk double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in patients with severe obesity and MS recruited from Edmonton’s Bariatric Clinic from 2018 to 2019. Patients were stratified by sex and block randomized 1:1:1:1 amongst one of four groups: (1) Placebo FMT and a non-fermentable fiber (NF) (2) Placebo FMT and fermentable fiber (FF); (3) FMT and non-fermentable fiber (FMT-NF); and (4) FMT and fermentable fiber (FMT-FF). Patients received a single dose of FMT (50g donor stool) with 20 oral capsules followed by a 6-wk period of daily fiber. The primary outcome was evaluating mean differences (MD) in insulin sensitivity from baseline to 6-wks using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). Results Sixty-eight patients were randomized with 61 completing the primary outcome (NF = 17; FF = 15; FMT-NF = 14; FMT-FF = 15) and evaluated using a modified intent-to-treat analysis. Baseline characteristics were similar with a mean BMI 45 ± 7 kg/m2, a female predominance (83.6%), and a HOMA2-IR of 3.43 ± 2.2. There were no baseline differences in clinical characteristics, metabolic parameters, medications, or dietary intake. FMT-NF had improvements in HOMA2-IR (MD -24.0% ± 12.0%; p=0.02), insulin sensitivity (MD 27.6% ± 12.3%; p=0.02), and insulinemia (MD -25.4% ± 12.3%; p=0.02) from baseline to 6-wks (Figure 1). These benefits were associated with increased microbial richness and improvements in GLP-1 metabolism. Linear mixed model regression revealed that select bacterial taxa including Phascolarctobacterium, Ruminococcaeceae, and B. stercoris correlated with increased insulin sensitivity. Findings occurred in the absence of changes in anthropometric parameters, dietary intake, medication regimen and were not observed in groups receiving fermentable fiber or in any group following cessation of fiber. Conclusions This proof-of-concept trial provides evidence that a single FMT dose combined with daily non-fermentable fiber supplementation can successfully improve insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome and severe obesity on optimized medical therapy. Funding Agencies W. Garfield Weston Foundation
Greed, Generosity, and other Problems with Unmarried Women's Property

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay examines how blood ties motivate the financial choices of several unmarried women in Anthony Trollope’s fiction. It both proposes a model for interpreting female economic agency that does not depend primarily upon sexual economies and suggests the significance of married women’s property reform for relationships outside of marriage. The punitive plotlines I examine in The Eustace Diamonds, Phineas Finn, Phineas Redux, and Can You Forgive Her? highlight the similar threats posed by single women’s greed and generosity. By challenging principles of inheritance and heterosexual exchange, depriving the very families they claim to help of support, and creating unacceptable burdens for their male kin, these characters underscore contemporary fears and fantasies about the intrafamilial stakes of women’s independent financial choices.
Dynamics of Devops Culture Development in the IT Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of the DevOps culture in the IT industry, emphasizing the relationship between the technological, organizational, and cultural aspects of this process.The key components of the DevOps culture are considered, including automation, continuous integration, continuous delivery, and interaction between different departments.Special attention is paid to how DevOps helps accelerate development processes and operations, as well as improve software quality and customer satisfaction.The problems faced by organizations in implementing the DevOps culture and strategies to overcome these problems are analyzed.The results of the study show that the successful adoption of DevOps requires significant changes in organizational culture, including leadership, training, and support for change.
THE INNERMOST MASS DISTRIBUTION OF THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS SDP.81 FROM ALMA OBSERVATIONS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The central image of a strongly lensed background source places constraints\non the foreground lens galaxy's inner mass profile slope, core radius and mass\nof its nuclear supermassive black hole. Using high-resolution long-baseline\nAtacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations and archival\n$Hubble~Space~Telescope$ ($HST$) imaging, we model the gravitational lens\nH-ATLAS J090311.6+003906 (also known as SDP.81) and search for the demagnified\ncentral image. There is central continuum emission from the lens galaxy's\nactive galactic nucleus (AGN) but no evidence of the central lensed image in\nany molecular line. We use the CO maps to determine the flux limit of the\ncentral image excluding the AGN continuum. We predict the flux density of the\ncentral image and use the limits from the ALMA data to constrain the innermost\nmass distribution of the lens. For a power-law profile with a core radius of\n$0.15^{\\prime\\prime}$ measured from $HST$ photometry of the lens galaxy\nassuming that the central flux is attributed to the AGN, we find that a black\nhole mass of $\\mathrm{\\log(M_{BH}/M_{\\odot})} \\gtrsim 8.5$ is preferred. Deeper\nobservations with a detection of the central image will significantly improve\nthe constraints of the innermost mass distribution of the lens galaxy.\n
Characterization of Novel Microsatellite Loci for Primula poissonii (Primulaceae) Using High-Throughput Sequencing Technology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Primula poissonii (Primulaceae) is a perennial herb, widely distributed in the Hengduan Mountain region of Southwest China. In this study, Roche 454 pyrosequencing was used to isolate microsatellite markers. A total of 4528 unique sequences were identified from 68,070 unique reads. Of these, eighty-seven microsatellite loci were screened for utility using two criteria: successful PCR amplification and variation of these loci within three wild P. poissonii populations. Twenty loci were successfully amplified and exhibited polymorphic alleles. The number of observed alleles ranged from 1 to 9 with an average of 3.5. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.087 to 1.000 and from 0.124 to 0.828, respectively. Among these SSR loci, only the P69 locus could not be cross-amplified successfully in two closely related species P. wilsonii and P. anisodora. The microsatellite loci developed in this study will be useful for studying genetic diversity and speciation events between P. poissonii and closely related Primula species.
Rationale and design of a study on D-dimer use to stratify patients after a first unprovoked venous thromboembolism for their risk of recurrence: extended low-dose Apixaban given only to patients with positive D-dimer results

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Optimal duration of anticoagulation in patients with a first venous thromboembolism (VTE) is still uncertain. Extended anticoagulant treatment beyond the first 3 to 6 months is recommended in patients with unprovoked VTE for their high risk of recurrence, provided the risk of bleeding during anticoagulation is not high. Recent meta-analyses indicated that only one-third of these patients have a recurrence 10 years after anticoagulation is stopped, whereas the risk of major bleeding is consistent and persistent during anticoagulation. We designed the prospective, multicenter Apidulcis study to test whether serial D-dimer measurements, using commercial assays with predefined sex-specific cutoffs (350 ng/mL and 500 ng/mL for men and women, respectively, for assays expressing results as fibrinogen equivalent units), may be useful to stratify patients for the risk of recurrence. Those presenting positive D-dimer results, considered at higher risk, will receive low dose Apixaban, 2.5 mg tablets BID for 18 months, whereas those with persistently negative D-dimer results, considered at lower risk, will remain without anticoagulant treatment. Outpatients with a first VTE (unprovoked or associated with weak risk factors), aged 18 to 74 years, who have already received anticoagulation for at least 12 months are eligible for the study.
And then they were (again) twenty-seven: the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Chapter 4 provides a detailed analysis of the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement which was negotiated under the Article 50 TEU process. The author argues that the Withdrawal Agreement, which provides for the 'divorce' arrangements between the EU and UK, is very much a Treaty that reflects EU rather than UK priorities. Moreover, he contends that the Withdrawal Agreement is not an exercise in taking back control but is an agreement that is based on many principles found within the EU acquis. To this extent, Adam Łazowski argues that leaving the EU on 31 January 2020 was merely the first part of a Brexit process that, despite government contention to the contrary, is not yet done.