jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen and Esterase Dual Responsive Camptothecin–Oligopeptide Self-Assembled Nanoparticles for Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Bing Xu, Mengmeng Yan, Fei Zhou, Desheng Cai, Wenbo Guo, Xiaohui Jia, Runping Liu, Tao Ma, Tong Li, Feng Gao, Penglong Wang, Haimin Lei School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Penglong Wang; Haimin Lei Email wpl581@126.com; hm_lei@126.comBackground: The clinical utility of camptothecin (CPT) is restricted by poor aqueous solubility, high lipophilicity, active lactone ring instability, and off-targeted toxicities. We report here a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and esterase dual responsive self-assembled nanoparticles (CPT-WT-H NPs) for highly efficient CPT delivery and effective cancer therapy.Methods and Results: In this study, smart self-assembled nanoparticles CPT-WT-H NPs were elaborately designed and synthesized by combing hydrophobic CPT with hydrophilic PSMA-responsive penta-peptide via a cleavable ester bond. This dual responsive nanoparticle with negatively charged surface first respond to the extracellular PSMA and then to the intracellular esterase, achieving a programmable release of CPT at the tumor site and producing the byproducts of biocompatible glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Our data demonstrated that CPT-WT-H NPs exhibited greatly improved water solubility and stability. Results from MTT and flow cytometry showed CPT-WT-H NPs exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity as well as apoptosis-inducing activity against PSMA-expressing LNCaP-FGC cells than the non-PSMA-expressing cancer cells, showing excellent cytotoxic selectivity. Moreover, the unique nanostructure provided the efficient transportation of CPT to tumor site, which resulted in the effective inhibition of tumor growth and low systemic toxicity in vivo.Conclusion: CPT-WT-H NPs exhibited excellent in vitro PSMA-response ability and in vivo antitumor activity and safety, holding the promise to become a new and potent anticancer drug. The current research presents a promising strategy for efficient drug delivery.Keywords: CPT prodrug, dual responsive, sequential drug release, prostate-specific membrane antigen, self-assembly
Assessment of groundwater vulnerability in England and Wales

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Groundwater represents around 35% of water distributed for potable supply in England and Wales and is also utilized by industry and for private supplies. It is of high quality and requires little treatment before use. It is important, therefore, that a robust policy of groundwater protection is available to protect the resource from pollution, as rehabilitation of polluted groundwater is expensive, and often may not be technically feasible. One way to protect aquifers is to control activities which pose a threat to groundwater quality, especially in areas where they are naturally poorly protected. Areas where groundwater is at risk of pollution from surface activities are indicated on maps by characterizing the properties of the underlying soils and rocks. The rocks are classified on the basis of their permeability, into Major, Minor and Non-Aquifers. The soils overlying aquifers are then categorized on their physical and chemical properties into leaching potential classes. The Groundwater Protection Policy of the Environment Agency, of which the groundwater vulnerability maps are part, provides guidance on those types of development which require controlling if groundwater quality is to be maintained in the long term. The relevance of these maps to other environmental issues is discussed.
Attachment style as a predictor of group conflict, post-conflict relationship repair, trust and leadership style

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study focused on attachment theory and its relationship to trust, conflict, relationship repair and leadership style. Participants were 226 undergraduate students that completed a case analysis project in teams as part of a class. Data was collected from the individual participants regarding level of team conflict, level of trust between the group members and attempts at relationship repair after a conflict. Data was also collected at the individual level regarding that individual's attachment style, their trust in the group leader and their perception of the group leader's leadership style. Individual responses were aggregated to the group level, and data was analyzed at the group level. Two of the five hypotheses proposed were supported, at least partially, by the data. Groups that were higher in avoidance were shown to experience the most amount of conflict relative to the other attachment styles. Also, there was a relationship shown between level of conflict, post-conflict relationship repair and affective trust. These results are discussed in relationship to research on attachment theory, and future directions for research are also discussed.
Notch-RBP-J Signaling Regulates IRF8 to Promote Inflammatory Macrophage Polarization

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Emerging concepts suggest that macrophage functional phenotype is regulated by transcription factors that define alternative activation states. We found that RBP-J, the major nuclear transducer of Notch signaling, augmented TLR4-induced expression of key mediators of classically activated M1 macrophages and thus innate immune responses to L. monocytogenes. Notch-RBP-J signaling controlled expression of the transcription factor IRF8 that induced downstream M1-specific genes. RBP-J promoted IRF8 protein synthesis by selectively augmenting IRAK2-dependent TLR4 signaling to the MNK1 kinase and downstream translation initiation control through eIF4E. These results define a signaling network in which Notch-RBP-J and TLR signaling are integrated at the level of IRF8 protein synthesis and identify a mechanism by which heterologous signaling pathways can regulate TLR-induced inflammatory macrophage polarization. Correspondence should be addressed to X.H.
Preliminary evaluation of 18F-FDG-PET/MRI for differentiation of serous from nonserous pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a pilot study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate preliminary feasibility of 18F-FDG-PET/MRI in differentiation of pancreatic serous cystic neoplasms (SCNs) from non-SCNs. Methods From August 2017 to June 2019, 10 patients (3 men, 7 women; mean age, 63 years) previously diagnosed with pancreatic cystic neoplasm underwent simultaneous 18F-FDG-PET/MRI prospectively on an integrated 3-Tesla hybrid PET/MRI scanner. PET images were analyzed visually and semiquantitatively measuring standardized uptake values (SUV) including lesion SUVmax and SUVmean, lesion to pancreas and lesion to liver SUVmax and SUVmean ratio independent of MRI diagnosis. The reference standard for lesion diagnosis was by MRI features and interval follow-up. Results Visual assessment of PET images demonstrated uptake in 57% of SCNs. Lesion to liver SUVmax ratio of ≥0.5 showed the highest accuracy (90%) and area under the curve (0.9) followed by lesion SUVmax of ≥1.6 and lesion to pancreas SUVmax ratio of ≥0.77 for diagnosis of SCN. The sensitivity for lesion SUVmax of ≥1.6 was less than two other ones (71 versus 100%). All non-SCNs exhibited SUVmax value less than 1.6 while 33 and 66% demonstrated lesion to liver SUVmax ratio of >0.5 and lesion to pancreas SUVmax ratio of >0.77, respectively. PET/MRI specificity was 67, 100, 67 and 33% through lesion to liver SUVmax ratio, lesion SUVmax, lesion SUVmean and lesion to pancreas SUVmax ratio, respectively, for diagnosis of SCN. Conclusion Preliminary results show that PET/MRI utilization is promising for differentiation of pancreatic SCN from non-SCN lesions. This could reduce need for surveillance imaging or avoidance of unnecessary intervention in pancreatic cystic neoplasms with uncertain diagnoses.
Preparation of Pt-ZSM-5 zeolite membrane catalysts for the isomerization of linear alkane

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A ZSM-5 supported membrane was synthesized by secondary growth method. The Pt-ZSM5 membrane was prepared by impregnation method. The membrane was characterized by single gas permeation step at room temperature. The isomerization of n-pentane was chosen as a probe reaction for evaluating the catalytic performance of the membrane. In particular, the effect of the space velocity and the time on stream were considered. After the catalytic tests, the membrane was characterized by SEM, EDX and XRD. N2 permeance for the membrane, after calcination, was equal to 2.9 × 10-7 mol/m2.s.Pa indicating a coverage of the larger support pores by the zeolite crystals. This results was also confirmed by the SEM investigation. In addition, XRD analysis showed as the ZSM-5 was the desired zeolite-type. During the catalytic tests, it was observed a decrease of the nC5 conversion and an increase of the iC5 selectivity with WHSV. The nC5 conversion was decreased from 2.5 to less than 0.5, with an enhancement in weight hourly space velocity (WHSV), while the selectivity increases from 30 to over 70. On the other hand, it's conversion on catalyst enhanced from 10% to approximately 38%, with an increase in the reaction temperature from 250 to 450°C.
Crossing the Neoliberal Line: Pacific Rim Migration and the Metropolis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Acknowledgments 1. Introduction: Neo/Liberal Disjunctures 2. Vancouver Goes Global 3. The Spatial Logic and Limits of Multiculturalism 4. Disturbing the Liberal Territory of Land Governance 5. Domesticity, Race, and Uncanny Homes 6. Conclusion: The Urban Spatial Politics of Liberal Formations Notes Bibliography Index
An Ecolinguistic Study on Ecospiritual Tourism of Rebo Buntung Commoddification

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research examined the relationship between cultural ritual, linguistic, and ecology in the context of ecotourism. It aimed to encourage, stimulate, and integrate the use of religious tradition’s terms in understanding and reinterpreting the environment and human relations and its roles. Cultural forms and elements basically had the potential to be used as a tourism commodity, meaning that they could be commodified. The research also related to ecolinguistics, a study that discussed language associated with the environment in which the language grew and developed and how it was used by the community. Cultural rituals as a tourism commodity could be a means of maintaining culture and language even though they were commodified for tourism purposes. Thus, the religious-cultural structure of Rebo Buntung and Tetulaq Tamperan should be packaged following its original structure as a medium for cultural and language preservation but also packaged as attractively as possible with a contextual structure that adapted to tourism sites so that could attract tourists. This ecospiritual commodification was expected to be able to budge the economy of the surrounding community. The research was conducted at Ketapang Beach, Tanjung Menangis, Pringgabaya district, and East Lombok where Rebo Buntung ritual was carried out. The research applied a qualitative descriptive method. For this reason, the data obtained were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis by describing the data obtained from an informant. On that basis, it can be concluded that the practice of ecospriritual commodification can have multiple effects, not only to preserve culture and language but also to maintain community harmony with nature, as well as improve the economy of the local community.
Metastatic parathyroid carcinoma presenting as an osteolytic cervical vertebral mass 5 years after parathyroidectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare malignancy that is challenging to diagnose, with metastasis regarded as the only true way to differentiate parathyroid carcinoma from adenoma. Case presentation: A 63 year-old woman presented to the emergency department with neck and right arm pain. She reported a previous parathyroidectomy for a mediastinal parathyroid adenoma. Admission labs showed hypercalcemia (serum calcium 13; ionized calcium 1.47; PTH 138.5). MRI-spine revealed a soft tissue mass causing destruction of the C4 vertebral body and spinal cord compression. Sestamibi showed intense tracer uptake in the vertebral mass with nonfocal physiologic thyroidal uptake. Otolaryngology was consulted to assist in the approach to the cervical spine lesion as well as address the hypercalcemia. Intraoperatively, the vertebral mass was exposed and resected; frozen section revealed hypercellular parathyroid and PTH dropped from 138.5 to 9.1. Discussion: Parathyroid carcinoma typically presents with comorbidities due to hypercalcemia. Novelties from the case, including the unusual presentation with spinal cord compression, are discussed. Keywords: Parathyroidectomy, Parathyroid glands, Malignancy, Metastasis, Cervical spine
Generative Partial Visual-Tactile Fused Object Clustering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Visual-tactile fused sensing for object clustering has achieved significant progresses recently, since the involvement of tactile modality can effectively improve clustering performance. However, the missing data (i.e., partial data) issues always happen due to occlusion and noises during the data collecting process. This issue is not well solved by most existing partial multi-view clustering methods for the heterogeneous modality challenge. Naively employing these methods would inevitably induce a negative effect and further hurt the performance. To solve the mentioned challenges, we propose a Generative Partial Visual-Tactile Fused (i.e., GPVTF) framework for object clustering. More specifically, we first do partial visual and tactile features extraction from the partial visual and tactile data, respectively, and encode the extracted features in modality-specific feature subspaces. A conditional cross-modal clustering generative adversarial network is then developed to synthesize one modality conditioning on the other modality, which can compensate missing samples and align the visual and tactile modalities naturally by adversarial learning. To the end, two pseudo-label based KL-divergence losses are employed to update the corresponding modality-specific encoders. Extensive comparative experiments on three public visual-tactile datasets prove the effectiveness of our method.
Segmentation of the Lungs on X-Ray Thorax Images with the U-Net CNN Architecture

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Lungs are one of the most important parts of the human body. They are very susceptible to various disorders and diseases. For this reason, it is necessary to detect or diagnose the lungs. In this study, we present a method for lung segmentation using the CNN method U-Net architecture. The initial stage was pre-processed did a 1-1 correspondence to equalize the amount of training data and testing data and resized the image so all images have the same size. The process continued with the CLAHE (Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization), and after that, the segmentation process was carried out according to the method. This study used a dataset from the Kaggle website. The results used the CNN method of the U-Net architecture in data get an average accuracy of 91.68%, sensitivity 92.80%, and specificity 89.15%, precision 95.07, and F1-Score 93. 92%. Based on the performance evaluation results, it was concluded that the method proposed in the study is great and valid in the lungs segmentation on X-Ray Thorax images.
Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine in patients presenting with risk factors for coronary heart disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) production in patients presenting with one or more risk factor (RF) for coronary heart disease (CHD). Patients and methods: Overall, 113 participants were enrolled in the study, including 45 patients presenting with risk for CHD (27 male and 18 female; aged 55.9 ± 6.4 years), 30 sex and age-matched middle-aged healthy controls (16 male and 14 female; aged 56.3 ± 8.4 years), and 38 young healthy controls (38 male; aged 24.6 ± 3.9 years). Results: No significant differences for ADMA and SDMA were recorded between patients groups presenting with risk for CHD. However, ADMA and SDMA were significantly higher in all examined patient groups (≥3 and 1–2 RF, hypertensive and non-hypertensive, obese and non-obese, diabetics and non-diabetics) compared with both control groups (middle-aged and young controls) (p<0.001). ADMA significantly correlated with SDMA in ≥3 RF (p<0.05), hypertensive (p<0.05), non-obese (p<0.05), non-diabetics (p<0.01), as well in middle-aged (p<0.05) and young controls (p<0.001). Conclusion: Significantly higher ADMA and SDMA were found between patients presenting with risk for CHD (≥3 and 1–2 RF, hypertensive and nonhypertensive, obese and non-obese, diabetics and non-diabetics) and healthy, middle-aged and young controls. ADMA significantly correlated with SDMA in ≥3 RF, hypertensive, non-obese and non-diabetic patients, as well as in middle-aged and young controls.
SH1875032.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Civil-military relations in Peru, 1914-1945

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This is a study of civil-military relations in Peru from 1914 to 1945. The contours of the Republic's history offer a sharply defined periodization of the subject. Specifically, Peru was dominated by military presidents to the exclusion of civilian executives from independence in 1822 until 1872 when the country's first viable political party was formed and elected Peru's first civilian president. The brief four-year interlude of civilian administration was followed by a return to military dominance, solidified by the War of the Pacific, which continued until the civil war of 1894-1895 in which civilian forces defeated the regular army. Following the end of the civil conflict Peru entered its second period of civilian rule, and one civilian president after another governed the country until 1914. Although civilians governed for approximately twenty-one of the thirty-one years between 1914 and 1945, the armed forces executed four successful golpes during the period and were decisive in the assumption of power of every Peruvian president throughout the era. The use of the terms army, military, and armed forces is not meant to suggest an institutional unanimity. In point of fact, the armed forces came to reflect accurately the political, social, and economic tensions prevailing in the national body politic throughout the period under study. The constitutional crisis of 1913-1914, for example, wracked the military and found ultimate expression in the coup d'etat of 1914. Similarly, the currents of reform and radical ideologies of the tumultuous 1930s found their way into the armed forces, producing divisions and instability within the military. Increased military discontent during periods of economic decline, moreover, paralleled civilian tensions and conflicts during the same years. Throughout all periods, however, civilians as well as men in uniform acted within a long-established tradition of Peruvian politics: violence and repression were employed by the political "in" faction to maintain power and exclude their main opponents; and the political "outs" resorted to conspiracy and insurrection to gain power. The armed forces, at any given moment, acted as an extension of civilian politics. Finally, although this inquiry focuses upon the relationship between politics and the armed forces, social and economic conditions as well as diplomacy receive attention because they impinged directly upon the course of civil-military relations. The primary objective of this study is to provide an insight into one aspect of the history of the Republic crucial to an understanding of twentieth-century Peru.
Vibrational state mixing of individual rotational levels in 1-butyne near 3333 cm−1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The high resolution infrared spectrum of jet-cooled 1-butyne is reported for the acetylenic C–H stretch. The absorbance of an F-center laser beam is enhanced by a multiple reflection cell surrounding the free jet. Although the spectrum in the gas phase (300 K) is a featureless rotational contour, at 3 K sharp features are observed. For J′=0, 1, 2, the K′a =1 lines are spectroscopically well-behaved, but the Ka =0 lines are split into multiplets. Analysis of the K′a =1 lines gives the constants (B′+C′)/2=0.143 82(11) cm−1, (B′−C′)/2=0.007 20(11) cm−1, and ν0+A′−A″=3333.0182(9) cm−1. The quantities in parentheses are two standard deviations in units of the last digit. It is concluded that the Ka =0 levels are mixed with the bath of background vibrations by anharmonic matrix elements the order of 0.01 cm−1.
Aftereffects of the 57Co(EC)57Fe-reaction in some cobalt and iron complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Mössbauer emission spectra of iron and cobalt complexes, doped or labelled with 57Co, demonstrate that the 57Co(EC)57Fe reaction can have significant chemical effects, although the probability of displacement of the nascent57Fe is very low. Measurements on specifically 57Co-labelled [Co(bipy)3][Co(CN)6],2H2O failed to show transfer of 57Fe from one complex to the other.
Open loop control of piezoelectric tube transducer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper is focused on the open loop control of a piezoelectric tube actuator, hindered by a strong hysteresis. The actuator was distinguished with 22 % hysteresis, which hinders the positioning of piezoelectric actuator. One of the possible ways to solve this problem is application of an accurate analytical inversed model of the hysteresis in the control loop. In this paper generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii model was used for both modeling and open loop control of the piezoelectric actuator. Achieved modeling error does not exceed max. 2.34 % of the whole range of tube deflection. Finally, the inverse hysteresis model was applied to the control line of the tube. For the same input signal (damped sine 0.2 Hz) as for the model estimation the positioning error was max. 4.6 % of the tube deflection. Additionally, for a verification reason three different complex harmonic functions were applied. For the verification functions, still a good positioning was obtained with positioning error of max.4.56 %, 6.75 %and5.6%of the tube deflection.