jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Trans-Sialidase from :i:Trypanosoma congolense:/i: - Isolation, Characterisation and Molecular Biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

:i:Trypanosoma congolense:/i: is the agent of Nagana, the trypanosomiasis in African ruminants. During its insect stage the parasite expresses an enzyme called trans-sialidase (TS), which enables the parasites to transfer sialic acids from the environment onto trypanosomal surface molecules and is believed to play an important role in maintaining the pathogenicity of the parasites. Thus far, only two TS proteins and their sequences have been characterised in detail, one from the American trypanosome :i:T. cruzi:/i: and one from the African trypanosome :i:T. b. brucei:/i:. :p:This study describes the purification and characterisation of two TS forms from the African trypanosome :i:T. congolense:/i:. The purification of the two TS forms using a combination of anion exchange chromatography, isoelectric focusing, gel filtration and, subsequently, antibody affinity chromatography resulted, in both cases, in the isolation of a 90 kDa monomer on SDS-PAGE which was identified as TS using micro-sequencing. Monoclonal antibody 7/23, which bound and partially inhibited TS activity, was found in both cases to bind to a 90 kDa protein. Both TS forms possessed sialidase and transfer activity, but markedly differed in their activity ratios. Interestingly, GARP, the surface glycoprotein, was co-purified with TS-form 1 suggesting an association between both proteins. :p: This study also describes the identification of two partial TS gene sequences from :i:T. congolense:/i: utilising a PCR-based approach. Both :i:T. congolense:/i: TS genes, TS1 and TS2, which share only 50 % identity with each other, show significant similarity with known viral, bacterial and trypanosomal sialidases and TS. In both partial sequences most of the critical active site residues common to other trypanosomal sialidases and TS are conserved. Moreover, a peptide sequence derived from the native, active TS from :i:T. congolense:/i: was found within the sequence of TS1.
A Sound Approach to Radial Artery Cannulation: A Comparison between the Conventional Palpatory Method and Ultrasound-Guided Technique

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: This study was undertaken to compare ultrasound guided and palpatory method of radial artery catheterization (or cannulation) in terms of time taken for catheterisation, number of attempts, frequency of successful catheterization in the first attempt and incidence rates of complications like haematoma formation, vasospasm, etc after the procedure. Material and Methods: The study was conducted among patients (n=80) requiring arterial line in operation theatre and ICU of a tertiary care centre in India. After simple randomisation (drawing lots), 40 patients were categorised into Group A (ultrasound guided method) and 40 were categorised to Group B (digital palpatory method). Both groups were compared in terms of time for cannulation, number of attempts, incidences of complications. Results: Mean time taken for radial artery cannulation in Group A (55.82±17.423 sec) was found to be significantly lesser than that of Group B (86.71±30.10sec). Frequency of successful cannulation in the first attempt was also found to be higher in Group A (90%, n=36) than Group B (45%, n=18). Incidences of haematoma was equal in number (10%, n=4) in both groups, whereas incidences of vasospasm was found to be higher in Group B (12.5%, n=5) when compared to Group A (0%, n=0). Conclusion: Therefore, ultrasound is superior method for radial artery cannulation in terms of lesser time for cannulation, less number of attempts (and redirection) and lesser number of complications.
Inertial Measurement Unit–Derived Ergonomic Metrics for Assessing Arm Use in Manual Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury: A Preliminary Report

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) who use manual wheelchairs (MWCs) have a higher rate of rotator cuff pathology progression than able-bodied individuals. Objectives: This study aimed to test the ability of risk and recovery metrics of arm use to differentiate between (1) MWC users with SCI and matched able-bodied participants (cross-sectional matched-sample study) and (2) MWC users with rotator cuff pathology progression over 1 year from those without pathology progression (longitudinal study). Methods: Thirty-four MWC users and 34 age- and sex-matched able-bodied individuals were recruited. Upper arm risk (humeral elevation &gt;60°) and recovery (static ≥5 seconds and humeral elevation &lt;40°) metrics were calculated from wireless inertial measurement units (IMUs) worn on the upper arms and torso in the free-living environment. Two separate magnetic resonance imaging studies were completed and assessed for a subset of 16 MWC users approximately 1 year apart. Results: The frequency of risk events (p = .019), summated duration of recovery events (p = .025), and duration of each recovery event (p = .003) were higher for MWC users than able-bodied participants. The summated duration of risk events (p = .047), frequency of risk events (p = .027), and risk to recovery ratio (p = .02) were higher and the summated duration of recovery events (p = .036) and frequency of recovery events (p = .047) were lower for MWC users with rotator cuff pathology progression (n = 5) compared to those without progression (n = 11). Conclusion: IMU-derived metrics quantifying arm use at postures &gt;60° and risk to recovery ratios may provide insights of potential risk factors for rotator cuff pathology progression.
Medically tailored meal kits as a means of decreasing healthcare utilization in primary care patients with heart failure

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

CONTEXT: It is well established that providing meal support to primary care patients with chronic disease can drastically reduce healthcare utilization costs. However, most of the supporting research has been conducted with ready-to-heat/eat meals delivered to patients. Our research is investigating whether meal kits paired with a culinary medicine class component can help further reduce utilization in underserved populations by providing medically tailored meals and providing hands-on nutrition education. OBJECTIVE: Determine if a 3-month-long meal kit service paired with targeted cooking classes improves quality of life amongst primary care patients with Heart Failure and at least one ED visit/Hospitalization visit in the past year. STUDY DESIGN: Mixed-methods pilot study evaluated impact of meal kits and cooking classes on quality of life. SETTING: Primary Care FQHC in Boston, MA. POPULATION STUDIED: Ten patients are 18 years or older, primary care patients, able to consent to participate, diagnosis of CHF NYHA class II, III or IV per medical record, at least one hospitalization or ED visit between 2/1/2019 and 7/1/2020, access to a kitchen with available refrigeration and heating element, speak and read English or Spanish. INTERVENTION: Program consisted of 6 bi-weekly cooking classes and weekly meal kits with ingredients for 14 meals per week. Due to COVID-19, classes were virtual and meal kits were delivered to patients’ doors. Classes were in English and Spanish. OUTCOME MEASURES: Pre-, mid-, and post-intervention surveys collected info regarding nutritional understanding of the patient’s disease, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and Quality of Life Survey (QOLS) (English and Spanish). RESULTS: Six patients were female, four male. Majority (70%) had a high school diploma or less and made less than $35,000 (80%). Patients rated their health on a scale from 0 to 100: Pre: 49.6, Mid: 62.2, Post: 71.8 (p < 0.05). Multiple changes occurred over the three-month time period in patients’ MLHFQ. By the intervention end, fewer patients had issues with their heart failure than at the beginning. CONCLUSIONS: The meal kits and targeted cooking classes had an impact on the quality of life for the ten included patients with heart failure.
Reflections on the tapetum lucidum and eyeshine in lycosoid spiders

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In the lycosoid spiders, the secondary eyes possess a grate-shaped tapetum lucidum that reflects light, causing eyeshine when these spiders are viewed with approximately coaxial illumination. This guanine-based reflective surface is thought to increase visual capabilities in low light. We explored the eyeshine of the posterior medial eye in eight taxa of pisaurid and lycosid spiders. The taxa included four pisaurids: Dolomedes tenebrosus Hentz 1844, D. triton (Walckenaer 1837), D. scriptus Hentz 1845 and D. vittatus Walckenaer 1837; and four lycosids: Gladicosa pulchra (Keyserling 1877), Hogna sp. (cf. Lycosa lenta (Hentz 1844) sensu Wallace 1942), Rabidosa punctulata (Hentz 1844) and Varacosa avara (Keyserling 1877). We found that there were significant family- and species-level differences in both the reflected spectra and the intensity of reflection. Although the peaks of the reflected spectra were in the green range for all spiders, the mean peak was further toward the blue end of the spectrum for the lycosids than for the pisaurids. Variation among species (about 54% of the total variation) was dominated by G. pulchra (Lycosidae) and D. vittatus (Pisauridae), both of whose spectra peaked near yellow, vs. V. avara (Lycosidae), whose spectra peaked to the blue side of green. The lycosid spiders showed overall brighter eyeshine. However, when corrected for their larger eyes, the lycosid spiders' reflections were dimmer for their eye size than were those of the pisaurid spiders. These results demonstrate that the reflective qualities of the tapeta, and perhaps the absorptive qualities of other tissues and media that the light must traverse, vary widely among lycosoid spiders. This variation may signal both functional differences in visual capabilities and interesting developmental or selective histories within this clade.
Analytical Evaluation of Multicenter Molecular Integrals. II. Three- and Four-Center Coulombic Integrals over Hydrogenic Orbitals of Integral Principal Quantum Number

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The three- and four-center Coulombic integrals over hydrogenic orbitals characterized by integral principal quantum numbers are evaluated analytically. The projected momentum space method in which the properties of the four-dimensional spherical harmonics play a crucial role is used in the derivations. The resulting formulas are devoid of infinite summations. However, the appearance of generalized hypergeometric functions prevents the expression of the molecular integrals in closed form.
Dilution effect in bovine tuberculosis: risk factors for regional disease occurrence in Africa

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Changes in host diversity have been postulated to influence the risk of infectious diseases, including both dilution and amplification effects. The dilution effect refers to a negative relationship between biodiversity and disease risk, whereas the amplification effect occurs when biodiversity increases disease risk. We tested these effects with an influential disease, bovine tuberculosis (BTB), which is widespread in many countries, causing severe economic losses. Based on the BTB outbreak data in cattle from 2005 to 2010, we also tested, using generalized linear mixed models, which other factors were associated with the regional BTB presence in cattle in Africa. The interdependencies of predictors and their correlations with BTB presence were examined using path analysis. Our results suggested a dilution effect, where increased mammal species richness was associated with reduced probability of BTB presence after adjustment for cattle density. In addition, our results also suggested that areas with BTB infection in the preceding year, higher cattle density and larger percentage of area occupied by African buffalo were more likely to report BTB outbreaks. Climatic variables only indirectly influenced the risk of BTB presence through their effects on cattle density and wildlife distribution. Since most studies investigating the role of wildlife species on BTB transmission only involve single-species analysis, more efforts are needed to better understand the effect of the structure of wildlife communities on BTB dynamics.
The supportive effects of erythropoietin and mast cell growth factor on CD34+/CD36- sorted bone marrow cells of myelodysplasia patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the present study, we analyzed the capacity of CD34+/CD36- sorted bone marrow cells of myelodysplasia patients (n = 4) to differentiate along the erythroid lineage in the presence of erythropoietin (Epo) and mast cell growth factor (MGF). Two subgroups could be identified. In 6 patients, a normal number of burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-Es) were cultured from CD34+/CD36- sorted cells. Cells from these patients did have the capacity to differentiate to colony-forming units- erythroid (CFU-Es) progenitors in cell suspension cultures with Epo plus MGF followed by Epo in the culture assay. Moreover, the cells became CD34-/CD36+/gly-cophorin A (GpA)+ after 7 days of culture with Epo plus MGF, a pattern comparable to that of normal progenitors. In contrast, in 8 patients, a different pattern was observed. No BFU-Es or a low number of BFU-Es were cultured from the CD34+/CD36- sorted cell fraction that was, in most of the cases, incapable of differentiating to CFU-E progenitors. Flow cytometry of the sorted population showed that, after 7 days of culture with Epo plus MGF, a high proportion of CD34+/CD36- cells persisted, whereas a low proportion of cells became CD34-/CD36+/GpA+. The unresponsiveness is not caused by the used growth factor combination, because the addition of interleukin-3 did not correct the defect. Evi-1 expression was studied in 9 cases to show whether an aberrant Evi-1 expression correlates with a disturbed erythroid development. Evi-1 expression was shown in 4 of 9 cases, whereas 3 of 9 cases did have a disturbed erythroid differentiation. In summary, the results show that the defects in the erythroid development in a subpopulation of patients with myelodysplasia is localized at an early stage of the erythroid differentiation and is associated with the persistent expression of the CD34 antigen and, in some cases, with the expression of Evi-1.
The Gang & Beyond: Interpreting Violent Street Worlds. By Simon Hallsworth (London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, 209pp. £79.00 hb, £25.99 pb)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This is a timely book. It is bold, contentious, provocative and provides a much needed commentary on the current state of affairs in relation to our understanding of and responses to gangs in the United Kingdom. As stated above, it is provocative and no doubt some colleagues singled out for criticism may take offence to the author’s critique of their work but this is tempered by a sensible and considered debate. Whether you are a ‘gang talker’ or a ‘gang denier’, Hallsworth presents a compelling and in parts, acerbic analysis of urban street gangs. The book has three parts, all of which are clearly set out by the author in the introduction. It is not rooted in empirical research but rather an interrogation of the current UK situation and a thorough review of the relevant literature. Part one sets the scene and provides a critique of the current UK gangland thesis. Part two, examines the discourse of gang talk, while part three draws upon the work of Deleuze and Guattari to contest the corporatization of gangs in the United Kingdom.
Scientific Opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of vitamin D

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies was asked to re-evaluate the safety in use of vitamin D and to provide, if necessary, revised Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs) of vitamin D for all relevant population groups. The ULs for adults including pregnant and lactating women, children and adolescents were revised. For adults, hypercalcaemia was selected as the indicator of toxicity. In two studies in men, intakes between 234 and 275 µg/day were not associated with hypercalcaemia, and a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 250 µg/day was established. Taking into account uncertainties associated with these studies, the UL for adults including pregnant and lactating women was set at 100 µg/day. Despite a continuing paucity of data for high vitamin D intakes in children and adolescents, the UL was adapted to 100 µg/day for ages 11-17 years, considering that owing to phases of rapid bone formation and growth this age group is unlikely to have a lower tolerance for vitamin D compared to adults. The same applies also to children aged 1-10 years, but taking into account their smaller body size, a UL of 50 µg/day is proposed. For infants, the UL of 25 µg/day based on previously available data relating high vitamin D intakes to impaired growth and hypercalcaemia was retained as limited additional evidence has emerged since the previous risk assessment. Data on vitamin D intakes from surveys in 14 European countries indicate that intakes in high consumers are below the revised ULs for vitamin D for all population groups.</p>
A new video survey method of microtopographic laser scanning (MiLS) to measure small‐scale seafloor bottom roughness

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A novel video survey method measures small‐scale seafloor bottom roughness in fragile and deep‐sea habitats called microtopographic laser scanning (MiLS). Using a controlled submersible platform, an attached downward‐ facing video camera with a single optical laser can return imagery to detail the bottom profile at a resolution of ~1–2 cm. The method compares the position of the underlying substratum and laser dot between successive video frames to determine distance traveled in the forward direction and substratum height. The video imagery is processed using photogrammetry to calculate small‐scale topography (horizontal and vertical axes). MiLS is adaptable for most aquatic habitats as it can be executed using any platform that can move forward with a constant slope over the desired transect. Traditional techniques of measuring small‐scale roughness are largely restricted to easily accessible habitats and often yield measurements that are relative and not comparable among different habitats and studies. Quantifying roughness in ways that permit comparisons is critical to understanding effects of bottom roughness and would benefit many fields of aquatic science. With its versatility, ability to access remote locations and output of quantified measurements, MiLS has the potential to fill this need. It is also likely this method will be useful in subaerial habitats such as wetlands. Here, we describe the MiLS equipment, theory, and method in detail, and then demonstrate its application in a lab trial and in a field study in a deep‐sea (≤450 m depth) sponge and coral habitat where its high resolution, accuracy, and precision is made evident.
TEACHERS' RESILIENCE AND SELF-EFFICACY IN CHANGES IN THE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Appears in: ICERI2023 Proceedings Publication year: 2023Pages: 7825-7833ISBN: 978-84-09-55942-8ISSN: 2340-1095doi: 10.21125/iceri.2023.1986Conference name: 16th annual International Conference of Education, Research and InnovationDates: 13-15 November, 2023Location: Seville, Spain
Transposition Regular TA-Groupoids and Their Structures

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Tarski associative groupoid (TA-groupoid) is a kind of non-associative groupoid satisfying Tarski associative law. In this paper, the new notions of transposition regular TA-groupoid are proposed and their properties and structural characteristics are studied by using band and quasi-separativity. In particular, the following conclusions are strictly proved: (1) every left transposition regular TA-groupoid is a semigroup; (2) every left transposition regular TA-groupoid is the disjoint union of sub Abelian groups; and (3) a finite TA-groupoid with quasi-separativity and a finite left transposition regular TA-groupoid are equivalent.
Grandmothers talking to Nell Dunn

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Nell Dunn interviewed ten grandmothers, all from different social backgrounds, and talked to them about what it feels like to be a grandmother and what it felt like to be a grandchild. The interviewees range from Ursula, who lives in a country house, to Joy, who lives on a council estate. The author also wrote Up the Junction, a collection of short stories set in South London. It won the John Llewelyn Rhys Award and was filmed for TV and cinema. Her novel Poor Cow was made into a film directed by Ken Loach. She also wrote the play Steaming.
Cone-beam computerized tomography evaluation of canine retraction using micro implant and conventional anchorage

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Various anchorage techniques have been designed for canine retraction. The aim was to measure and compare the rate of canine retraction with conventional method and micro implant using CBCT. Sample size comprising of 17 subjects were scheduled for extraction of all first premolars. After leveling and aligning, titanium micro implants were placed between the roots of the second premolar and the first molars on right side, in both the arches. Pre and post retraction CBCT scans were taken. Retraction was done using sliding mechanics using stainless steel arch wire. The maxillary right canine (micro implant) retracted by 6.75 mm and tipped distally by 9.51° at a rate of 1.05 mm/month while the mandibular right canine retracted by 4.83 mm and tipped distally by 7.88° at a rate of 1.13 mm/month. On the left side (conventional) with molar as a source of anchorage, maxillary canine retracted by 6.03 mm and tipped distally by 6.51° at a rate of 1.46 mm/month while the mandibular canine retracted by 5.03 mm and tipped distally by 4.34° at a rate of 1.15 mm/month. Implants can serve as a source of anchorage.
Implementing primary healthcare-based measurement, advice and treatment for heavy drinking and comorbid depression at the municipal level in three Latin American countries: final protocol for a quasiexperimental study (SCALA study)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper outlines the protocol for a quasiexperimental study1 to test the implementation of primary healthcare (PHC)-based measurement, advice and treatment for heavy drinking and comorbid depression at the municipal level in three Latin American countries, Colombia, Mexico and Peru (Scale-up of Prevention and Management of Alcohol Use Disorders and Comorbid Depression in Latin America (SCALA) study). Heavy drinking is a cause of considerable disability, morbidity and mortality.2 Heavy drinking is a causal factor for some communicable diseases (including TB and HIV/AIDS), for many non-communicable diseases (NCDs, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases and gastrointestinal diseases) and for many mental and behavioural disorders, including depression, dementias and suicide.3 4 In PHC settings, two-fifths of people with heavy drinking have depression, with risks of incident depression higher for heavier as opposed to lighter drinkers.5 In addition to its role in the aetiology of depression, heavy drinking is associated with worsening the depression course, including suicide risk, impaired social functioning and impaired …