jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Arista on Lucilia sericata in Sensing Wind and Airflow, Relative Humidity and Volatile Compounds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lucilia sericata is a species of blow fly that has important applications in the fields of forensic entomology and medicine. L. sericata is one of the first organisms that arrives at decaying carrion in response to decay odors released by the carrion. The attraction stimuli are presumably the decay volatiles, but wind flow, and humidity may also influence the blow fly resource-oriented behavior. This fly species has feather-like structures known as arista that project from the antenna. The function of these structures is not completely understood, however they may play a role in sensing airflow and wind, humidity, and volatile organic compounds. The goal of this project is to gain a deeper understanding of the function of the arista so that it may provide a greater insight into the behavior of the organism. Flies were subjected to arista ablation and were exposed to of a series of choice experiments: air flow with versus without humidity, variable air flow, and with or without carrion odors. Flies were placed in a reaction chamber and allowed to choose between the wind, speed, humidity, and odor variables and their behavior was observed. Fly choice was recorded as landing/hovering in the area of the stimulus introduction port. Preliminary data indicate that non-ablated flies actively select humid airflow. The data showed the arista played a role in sensing wind and airflow. Dedication I would like dedicate this thesis to my parents, Robert and Elaine Jacob, for their constant support.
Evolution of Contactless Conductometry Methods

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The development of chemical sensor devices operating in non-contact mode is of primary interest due to the demand from various industries for a fast, simple and inexpensive determination of chemical composition in different media in a non-invasive way. One of the promising directions for the development of analytical devices with such characteristics is the use of high-frequency electrical signals. The paper discusses the evolution of high-frequency contactless conductometry method, likewise other methods and devices operating on similar physical principles (dielectric spectroscopy, microwave sensors, C4D detectors).
Treating Hyperlipidemia in the Elderly

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Determination of the effects of dietary modification and hyperlipidemic medications in the elderly (> sixty-five years of age) patient has not been significantly investigated to date despite knowledge that elevated cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels increase the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Twenty-seven individuals were placed into one of three treatment groups and longitudinally followed up to examine the effects of diet and hyperlipidemic medications on TC and TG levels. Group 1 (n = 14) received neither dietary nor drug therapy. Group 2 (n = 9) received dietary counseling without concomitant hyperlipidemic medications. Subjects in group 3 (n = 4) underwent dietary instruction for six months and hyperlipi demic medication(s) for eighteen months. Results: Subjects in group 1 demonstrated a statistical increase in TC (P ≤ 0.001) during the study. Patients in groups 2 (P ≤ 0.001) and 3 (P ≤ 0.05) demonstrated statistical improvement in TC reduction during dietary counseling. The effect on TC was blunted in group 3 after dietary counseling was discontinued. Reductions in TG levels were signifi cant (P ≤ 0.001) only for patients in group 2. Conclusion: Elderly individuals were able to significantly reduce both TC and TG levels by dietary modification alone. Minimal improvement was seen with the addition of hyper lipidemic medications.
A Social Classification of Drug Use

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Established ways of classifying drugs cannot be assumed to provide a suitable basis for sociological analysis because they are typically rooted in medical or pharmacological perspectives. One of the best known pharmacological classifications distinguishes between stimulants, hallucinogens and depressants, but these categories are not readily applicable to the most commonly used illicit drugs. Cannabis and ecstasy, for example, defy precise pharmacological classification because they contain both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties. An alternative approach is offered by the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, which classifies controlled substances according to their perceived dangerousness or harmfulness. Although this classification is sometimes used as a basis for sociological analysis its suitability for such a role remains open to doubt. As Sellin (1938: 23–4) noted some 70 years ago: The unqualified acceptance of the legal definitions of the basic units or elements of criminological enquiry violates a fundamental criterion of science. The scientist must have freedom to define his own terms, based on the intrinsic character of his material… the acceptance of the categories of specific forms of 'crime' and 'criminal' as laid down in law renders criminological research theoretically invalid from the point of view of science.
Venous thromboembolism with renal infarct due to paradoxical embolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Paradoxical thromboembolism has variable presentation depending on site of embolisation. An African-American man in his 40s presented with severe abdominal pain, watery stools and exertional dyspnoea. At presentation, he was tachycardic and hypertensive. Labwork showed elevated creatinine with unknown baseline. Urinalysis showed pyuria. A CT scan was unremarkable. He was admitted with working diagnosis of acute viral gastroenteritis and prerenal acute kidney injury and supportive care was instituted. On day 2, the pain migrated to left flank. Renal artery duplex ruled out renovascular hypertension but showed a lack of distal renal perfusion. MRI confirmed a renal infarct with renal artery thrombosis. Transoesophageal echocardiogram confirmed a patent foramen ovale. Simultaneous arterial and venous thrombosis require hypercoagulable workup, including investigation for malignancy, infection or thrombophilia. Rarely, venous thromboembolism can directly cause arterial thrombosis by ‘paradoxical thromboembolism’. Given the rarity of renal infarct, high index of clinical suspicion is necessary.
Development of Sample Planning for Wafer Defect Inspection

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sample planning for wafer defect inspection is a critical issue for reducing total cost. It is important to develop a cost‐effective sampling plan. In the present study, using three parameters (gain, coefficient of gain variation, and payback period), an optimized sampling plan has been identified by principal component analysis. In particular, a robust sampling plan can be evaluated in terms of a coefficient of gain variation and a cost‐effective sampling plan can be evaluated in terms of both gain and the payback period. This indicates that the optimal sampling plan must be designed from both economic and technical viewpoints to reduce the total inspection cost.
Mobility Predictability of College Students via Full Lifecycle Campus Consuming Logs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Human mobility is an interesting topic attracting researchers from various fields. In this paper, we investigate mobility of college students in campus during their full life cycle and find the demographic differences on the predictability of human mobility. We explore an extensive consuming record data set collected from a college campus. Specifically, our data set includes over 15 million consuming logs gathered from 4,741 students (with demographic information) from 2013 to 2016. We present and analyze the evolving patterns of mobility entropy by ages, academic majors, and genders. We find that entropy decreases with age increasing and entropy grouped by genders follows different distributions, which is opposite to previous studies. Our findings will supply novel insights in human mobility research and provide possible support for wireless networking design in campus.
Rank-DSE: Neural Pareto Comparator of Microarchitecture Design Space Exploration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The complexity of microarchitecture design has surged due to the expanding design space and time-intensive verification processes. Existing regression-based machine learning methods struggle with inaccurate estimations because of limited training samples. To address these challenges, we propose Rank-DSE, a novel framework for microarchitecture design space exploration (DSE) that leverages a Neural Pareto Comparator (NPC) to directly model the comparative relationships between different architecture designs. Rank-DSE bypasses the inaccuracies of absolute PPA (performance, power, area) predictions by focusing on relative comparisons. The NPC computes the probability of one architecture dominating another and employs semi-supervised learning to reduce the reliance on labeled data. Additionally, a reinforcement-learning-based sampling scheme with an updating baseline Pareto set accelerates the exploration process. Experimental results on the ICCAD 2021 benchmark demonstrate that Rank-DSE achieves superior search quality and cost-efficiency compared to state-of-the-art methods. Specifically, Rank-DSE improves hypervolume by up to 7% while reducing exploration cost by 53.09% compared to cutting-edge approaches. These results highlight the advantages of Rank-DSE in terms of efficiency and effectiveness for microarchitecture DSE.
Effects of Distributions of Constituent Phases on Mechanical Properties of C–Si–Mn Dual-phase Steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Two kinds of ferrite were produced due to slow cooling after intercritical annealing, one being intercritically-annealed ferrite (αa phase), and the other transformed ferrite (αc phase). The effects of distributions of the αa and αc phases on the mechanical properties of a Fe–0.17C–1.5Si–1.7Mn dual-phase steel were examined experimentally at room temperature. Two types of intercritical annealing (IA) were conducted to control the distribution. The IA temperature and time are Ta = 800°C (1073 K) and ta = 0.5 h (1.8 ks), respectively, for the first type, and Ta = 740°C (1013 K) and ta = 4 h (14.4 ks), respectively, for the second one. For both types of IA, the steel was slowly cooled to 400°C (673 K) at a cooling rate of 10°C/s, followed by water quenching. While the total volume fraction fα of the αa and αc phases is close to 0.68–0.69 for both Ta = 800 and 740°C (1073 and 1013 K), the combination of the volume fraction of each α phase is different for Ta = 800 and 740°C (1073 and 1013 K). The volume fraction fαa of the αa phase and fαc of the αc phase is 0.33 and 0.36 for Ta = 800°C (1073 K), respectively, and 0.68 and 0 for Ta = 740°C (1013 K), respectively. The ultimate tensile strength su is about 970 MPa for fα = 0.68–0.69 independent of combination of fαa and fαc values. Thus, the effect of the α phase on su is close to each other between the αa and αc phases. In contrast, both the uniform strain eu and the local strain el increase with increasing volume fraction fαc of the αc phase. Such increase in eu is attributed to larger values of the strain hardening rate dσ/dε in the large strain region. Misfit strain stored at the boundary between the αa and αc phases causes to the larger values of dσ/dε. On the other hand, suppression of void formation deduces the increase in el. Acceleration of dynamic recovery of the α phase adjacent to martensite (M phase) and decrease in the hardness of the M phase adjacent to the α phase due to formation of the αc phase can suppress void formation. Consequently, formation of the αc phase contributes to improvement of the mechanical properties of the dual-phase steel.
Implementation of a Hepatitis C Screening Protocol

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Hepatitis C remains a chronic health condition in the United States and represents a major factor in the development of hepatocellular cancer. Despite the introduction of newly developed antiviral medications, many of those infected with chronic hepatitis C remain undiagnosed and untreated. This evidence based practice (EBP) program was designed to address the lack of hepatitis C screening being done in the community. 15 articles were chosen based on level of evidence and applicability to the program, and these were synthesized for development of a screening program. The screening program was implemented at a clinic with a large population of high risk individuals, many with active intravenous drug use. Results of the program were positive, although confounding variables exist, including other interventions implemented at the program site.
Preactivation Crosslinking—An Efficient Method for the Oriented Immobilization of Antibodies

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Crosslinking of proteins for their irreversible immobilization on surfaces is a proven and popular method. However, many protocols lead to random orientation and the formation of undefined or even inactive by-products. Most concepts to obtain a more targeted conjugation or immobilization requires the recombinant modification of at least one binding partner, which is often impractical or prohibitively expensive. Here a novel method is presented, which is based on the chemical preactivation of Protein A or G with selected conventional crosslinkers. In a second step, the antibody is added, which is subsequently crosslinked in the Fc part. This leads to an oriented and covalent immobilization of the immunoglobulin with a very high yield. Protocols for Protein A and Protein G with murine and human IgG are presented. This method may be useful for the preparation of columns for affinity chromatography, immunoprecipitation, antibodies conjugated to magnetic particles, permanent and oriented immobilization of antibodies in biosensor systems, microarrays, microtitration plates or any other system, where the loss of antibodies needs to be avoided, and maximum binding capacity is desired. This method is directly applicable even to antibodies in crude cell culture supernatants, raw sera or protein-stabilized antibody preparations without any purification nor enrichment of the IgG. This new method delivered much higher signals as a traditional method and, hence, seems to be preferable in many applications.
Measurement-driven neural-network training for integrated magnetic tunnel junction arrays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The increasing scale of neural networks needed to support more complex applications has led to an increasing requirement for area- and energy-efficient hardware. One route to meeting the budget for these applications is to circumvent the von Neumann bottleneck by performing computation in or near memory. An inevitability of transferring neural networks onto hardware is that non-idealities such as device-to-device variations or poor device yield impact performance. Methods such as hardware-aware training, where substrate non-idealities are incorporated during network training, are one way to recover performance at the cost of solution generality. In this work, we demonstrate inference on hardware neural networks consisting of 20,000 magnetic tunnel junction arrays integrated on a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor chips that closely resembles market-ready spin transfer-torque magnetoresistive random access memory technology. Using 36 dies, each containing a crossbar array with its own non-idealities, we show that even a small number of defects in physically mapped networks significantly degrades the performance of networks trained without defects and show that, at the cost of generality, hardware-aware training accounting for specific defects on each die can recover to comparable performance with ideal networks. We then demonstrate a robust training method that extends hardware-aware training to statistics-aware training, producing network weights that perform well on most defective dies regardless of their specific defect locations. When evaluated on the 36 physical dies, statistics-aware trained solutions can achieve a mean misclassification error on the MNIST dataset that differs from the software-baseline by only 2 %. This statistics-aware training method could be generalized to networks with many layers that are mapped to hardware suited for industry-ready applications.
Microhabitat use by Mediterranean ribbed newts: newts in highly fluctuating conditions?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Escoriza, Daniel, Ben Hassine, Jihene (2023): Microhabitat use by Mediterranean ribbed newts: newts in highly fluctuating conditions? Journal of Natural History (Oxford, England) 57 (1): 744-757, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2210800, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2210800
Analysis on trace elements in children with phenylketonuria in Rizhao

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To fully understand the phenylketonuria patients give low phenylalanine diet,the peripheral blood iron,zinc,calcium,magnesium and copper content of the lack of integrated control measures in Rizhao.Methods: The city in June 2003~200 in June out of 23 cases of PKU screening in children,taking peripheral blood iron,zinc,calcium,magnesium and copper were detected.Results: The prevalence of peripheral blood of children with calcium and zinc content is lower than normal children(0.05),while iron,magnesium,copper content was not significant(0.05).Conclusion: Children with a nutritious diet should be full,and strive to achieve the diversification of diet in order to ensure normal growth and development of children.
Ticks and Associated Rickettsiae from Domestic Animals in Bhutan

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In Bhutan, information on rickettsiae is limited to a few epidemiological studies. There is no information on ticks and tick-associated rickettsiae. Ticks were collected opportunistically from domestic animals residing in eight districts where a seroprevalence study had been carried out previously. Morphological identification of the ticks was performed in the United States National Tick Collection and testing for rickettsiae was carried out in the Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory. Samples positive for rickettsiae by qPCR were subjected to conventional PCR followed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. A total of 200 ticks were sampled from 155 domestic animals including cattle, dogs, goats, horses, yaks, sheep and cats. The ticks belonged to twelve different species, the commonest being Rhipicephalus microplus, followed by Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, Haemaphysalis sp. near ramachandrai, Haemaphysalis tibetensis, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Haemaphysalis sp., Haemaphysalis sp. near davisi, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Haemaphysalis shimoga, Haemaphysalis hystricis, Ixodes ovatus, and Amblyomma testudinarium. Rickettsial DNA sequence analysis showed that the rickettsiae infesting ticks in Bhutanese domestic animals aligned with R. gravesii, R. canadensis, R. honei, R. africae, R. felis, R. akari, R. australis, R. japonica, R. africae, R. heilongjiangensis, R. conorii, R. peacockii, R. honei, R. massiliae and R. rhipicephali. However, these may not be conclusive due to low bootstrap values in the phylogenetic tree. Bhutan will benefit from larger studies on ticks and tick-borne infections, burden and damage assessment to livestock and human health, public health interventions and clinical guidelines to reduce morbidity and mortality in human and animal health.
Spectrum of COVID-19 clinical characteristics among patients presenting to the primary healthcare in Qatar during the early stages of the pandemic: a retrospective multicentre cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To describe clinical characteristics and laboratory investigations of patients with COVID-19 diagnosed in primary care in Qatar and to assess predictors of hospitalisation. Design A retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting and participants 3515 confirmed patients with COVID-19 diagnosed in any of the 27 primary healthcare centres in Qatar between 9 April 2020 and 30 June 2020. Main outcome measures Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, contact tracing, clinical and laboratory data, in addition to patient disposition at the time of diagnosis Results Mean age of patients was 35.5 years (±14.7). 2285 patients (65.0%) were males, 961 patients (27.3%) had a history of concomitant comorbidity and 640 patients (18.2%) were asymptomatic. Adult patients (19–64 years old) were more likely to report symptoms than children or elderly. Fever and cough were the most frequently documented symptoms affecting 1874 patients (46.7%) and 1318 patients (37.5%), respectively. Most patients had normal vital signs at presentation; however, patients who were subsequently hospitalised had higher median temperature than non-hospitalised patients (37.7°C, IQR: 37.0°C–38.4°C, and 37.2°C, IQR: 36.8°C–37.8°C, respectively). Hospitalised patients had significantly higher C reactive protein (CRP) (median CRP: 20 mg/L, IQR: 5.0–61.2 mg/L) than non-hospitalised patients (median CRP: 4.6 mg/L, IQR: 1.7–11.50 mg/L), and lower median absolute lymphocyte count (1.5×10 3 /µL, IQR: 1.1×10 3 /µL–2.1×10 3 /µL, and 1.8×10 3 /µL, IQR: 1.3×10 3 /µL–2.4×10 3 /µL, respectively). Predictors of hospitalisation were increasing age (adjusted OR (AOR): 2.614, 95% CI 1.281 to 5.332 for age between 50 years and 64 years, and AOR: 3.892, 95% CI 1.646 to 9.204 for age ≥65 years), presence of two or more comorbidities (AOR: 2.628; 95% CI 1.802 to 3.832) and presence of symptoms (AOR: 1.982: 95% CI 1.342 to 2.928). Conclusion The majority of COVID-19 cases diagnosed in primary healthcare in Qatar were symptomatic. Most cases had normal vital signs and laboratory results at presentation. Predictors of hospitalisation were increasing age, the presence of symptoms and having two or more comorbidities.
Religion in the Popular Prints 1600–1832. By John Miller. (The English Satirical Print 1600–1832.) Pp. 372 incl. 154 plates. Cambridge: Chadwyck-Healey, 1986. £40. 0 85964 170 8

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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Research on Lemongrass Oil Extraction Technology (Hydrodistillation, Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation)

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) is preferred to traditional extraction methods due to shorter extraction time, the inability of volatile components to be damaged or decomposed which in turn improve the efficiency and quality of essential oils. In this research, we investigated the parameters that affect the extraction of lemongrass oil process by MAHD method and compare with those of hydro-distillation (HD) method. Four parameters were identified which are: raw material size, raw material to water ratio, extraction time and microwave power. The results show that the optimum condition for determining the lemongrass essential oil content is 20 mm in the 90 min extraction time with a microwave power of 450 W at raw material to water ratio of 1:3 (g/mL). When compared to the HD method, we found that the yield lemongrass oil of MAHD method is 0.35% on 90 min and the yield of HD method is 0.2% on 360 min. The quality of oil samples at different extraction method was evaluated by determining their chemical constituents through GC-MS. The highest identified component is Citral with 93.28% for MAHD, while the HD was 83.85%. Therefore, MAHD method is highly efficient and shorten the time needed for the extraction of essential oils.