jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
β2‐Adrenoreceptors of regulatory lymphocytes are essential for vagal neuromodulation of the innate immune system

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The nervous system is classically organized into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems acting in opposition to maintain physiological homeostasis. Here, we report that both systems converge in the activation of β2‐adrenoceptors of splenic regulatory lymphocytes to control systemic inflammation. Vagus nerve stimulation fails to control serum TNF levels in either β2‐knockout or lymphocyte‐deficient nude mice. Unlike typical suppressor CD25 + cells, the transfer of CD4 + CD25 − regulatory lymphocytes reestablishes the anti‐inflammatory potential of the vagus nerve and β2‐agonists to control inflammation in both β2‐knockout and nude mice. β2‐Agonists inhibit cytokine production in splenocytes (IC 50 ~1 μM) and prevent systemic inflammation in wild‐type but not in β2‐knockout mice. β2‐Agonists rescue wild‐type mice from established polymicrobial peritonitis in a clinically relevant time frame. Regulatory lymphocytes reestablish the anti‐inflammatory potential of β2‐agonists to control systemic inflammation, organ damage, and lethal endotoxic shock in β2‐knockout mice. These results indicate that β2‐adrenoceptors in regulatory lymphocytes are critical for the anti‐inflammatory potential of the parasympathetic vagus nerve, and they represent a potential pharmacological target for sepsis.—Vida, G., Peña, G., Kanashiro, A., del Rocio Thompson‐Bonilla, M., Palange, D., Deitch, E. A., Ulloa, L. β2‐Adrenore‐ceptors of regulatory lymphocytes are essential for vagal neuromodulation of the innate immune system. FASEB J. 25, 4476–4485 (2011). www.fasebj.org
Care Work Migration in Germany: Semi-Compliance and Complicity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, we deal with contradictions and paradoxes of the German policies on migration and domestic care work. Although the demand for care workers in private homes is increasing, the German government has turned a blind eye to the topic of migrant care workers. As a result of the mismatch between demand and restrictive policies, a large sector of undeclared care work has come into being. This veritable ‘twilight zone’ can be coined an ‘open secret’ as it is the topic of extensive discussions among the populace and in the media. We will address various discrepancies in the debate on migrant domestic work in Germany by providing a view from multiple actors’ perspectives. Examining the intersections of gendered migration and care regimes, we assert that undeclared care migration is an integral part of German welfare state policies, which can be characterised as compliance and complicity.
Penyusunan Paket Wisata, Produk Wisata, dan Pemasaran Wana Wisata Berbasis Alam serta Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Kawasan Nagara Puntang, Kabupaten Bandung

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mount Puntang is located in the Cimaung Village Area, Bandung Regency. The potential of tourist attractions is natural and historical tourism from the Dutch heritage. The potential that is owned has not been able to be managed and utilized optimally. For this reason, it is essential to carry out community service activities by organizing activities and assistance related to the preparation of tour packages, preparation of tourism products, training in marketing nature-based ecotourism, as well as related to further empowerment, namely the preparation of tourism products, the manufacture of tour packages, and the evaluation of tour packages. I already made it. The activity was implemented on May 30, 2023, with 20 target community participants. As a result, the target community gives a positive appreciation and hopes for sustainability with a different theme.
Migrants in the Attic: The Case of Migrants with Disabilities and Resettlement Services in Serbia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The global migrant crisis triggered an unprecedented number of asylum seekers in the Balkan region. In this case study, the state of migrants with disabilities—a community notoriously overlooked during global conflict—is explored through field interviews of settlement service providers in Serbia. A human rights framework is espoused in first examining contemporary refugee law discourse and the corresponding gaps in current resettlement practice of migrants with disabilities. The study’s findings illuminate the need for a drastic shift in settlement services for those migrants most vulnerable to persecution in de facto destination countries. The discussion takes aim at “humanitarian silo” funding models and argues for international cooperation and transparency in accommodating migrants with disabilities internationally.
Research progress in PCR detection for foodborne Escherichia coli

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Escherichia coli is naturally found in the intestinal tracts of all warm-blooded animals,including humans.The presence of E.coli in food or water means that the food or drinking water may directly or indirectly polluted by manure.In order to ensure food safety,it is necessary to detect E. coli in food. The traditional detection methods have some problems,such as time- consuming,low sensitivity,and so on. PCR technology can solve these problems well.The PCR technique is a rapid amplification of specific genes or DNA sequences,which can detect pathogenic microorganisms rapidly.Because PCR technology has the advantages of high speed,high specificity and low cost,it is widely applied in rapid detection.In this paper,the application of several main PCR technologies on foodborne E.coli was summarized.
Release of a sodium transport inhibitor (inhibitin) from cultured human cancer cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this study we investigated whether the sodium transport inhibitor, inhibitin, originally isolated from leukemic promyelocytes, was also elaborated by some other neoplastic cells in culture. Like culture medium from the leukemic promyelocytes (HL60), the media from two other leukemic cell lines (erythroblasts K562 and monoblasts U937) also showed significant inhibitory activity on ouabain-insensitive sodium efflux rate constant in normal erythrocytes. Similarly, culture media from three neoplastic cell lines (H.Ep2, MRC5, and HX99) also showed significant inhibitin-like inhibitory activity. Using high-performance liquid chromatography to isolate inhibitin, culture media from HL60 and H.Ep2 cells were identically treated, and inhibitin isolated from H.Ep2 cells had the same retention time as that shown by promyelocyte inhibitin. H.Ep2 inhibitin reduced ouabain- and bumetanide-insensitive sodium efflux rate constant from 0.1510 +/- 0.0275 (SD) to 0.0988 +/- 0.0110 (P less than 0.005). Like promyelocyte inhibitin, H.Ep2 inhibitin reduced sodium efflux and influx by equivalent amounts suggesting thereby that it is a sodium/sodium exchange inhibitor. These studies show that a factor exhibiting inhibitory activity on sodium/sodium exchange is secreted by a variety of leukemic and neoplastic cells in culture.
Spherical Lactic Acid-producing Bacteria of Southern-grown Raw and Processed Vegetables

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The frequency and levels of population of the spherical lactic acid-producing bacteria were determined on raw and processed yellow summer and zucchini squash, a variety of greens, green beans, okra, southern peas, and butter and lima beans, and on fresh cucumbers and corn flowers. Six taxa occurred consistently: Leuconostoc mesenteroides, yellow-pigmented streptococci, Streptococcus faecium, Aerococcus viridans, and S. faecalis and S. faecalis var. liquefaciens. The same taxa occurred with the same order of frequency on processed, frozen vegetables, but with a marked decrease in the occurrence of S. faecalis var. liquefaciens. S. lactis, S. cremoris, S. equinus, S. bovis, and pediococci were isolated infrequently. No other member of the viridans group of the streptococci and no member of the pyogenic group was isolated. Approximately 88% of the cultures were identified. Total counts of the lactic-acid-producing bacteria rarely exceeded 105 per gram of sample, and there was a reduction by 90% during the second year of study, probably because of drought. Only one bacterial species was found on 40% of the raw and 34% of the processed vegetable samples. Two or more species or taxa were present on the remainder of 153 raw and 56 processed vegetable samples. A. viridans was present on squash, greens, okra, and southern peas, and its frequency of occurrence on vegetables suggests that plants are its natural habitat.
Renaissance of Industrial Hemp: A Miracle Crop for a Multitude of Products

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The US, which historically has been a major producer of hemp, has recently reintroduced industrial hemp production. The idea is to provide agriculture and farming communities with new economic opportunities (2018 Farm Bill) to replace lost income from formerly more profitable cash crops such as tobacco. Industrial hemp is a scalable crop that could provide significant economic and environmental benefits; however, the true valorization of industrial hemp will hinge on significant innovation and the development of high-value applications. Utilization of the whole hemp plant may be the key to attaining economic, environmental, and social sustainability. Further, strong community outreach and education is required to overcome the stigma attached with industrial hemp due to its morphological and genetic similarities to its psychoactive-rich (> 0.3% tetrahydrocannabinols (THC)) analogue. This editorial identifies critical research, educational, and community outreach platforms to develop a robust US industrial hemp program, with a goal to enable the renaissance of this miracle crop. Collaboration of the forest sector, universities, and industries is urged for the establishment of a center or consortium that fosters the future advances amongst more productive hemp cultivars, local farming practices, and bioproducts development for economic outlets for this miracle crop.
Machiavellianism, social norms, and taxpayer compliance

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study is the first to examine the relationships among Machiavellianism, social norms and taxpayer intentions to fraudulently overstate their deductions. We theorize and empirically document that (a) high Machiavellian taxpayers report significantly less ethical social norms, suggesting that reported social norms are influenced by cognitive biases such as social projection and Machiavellian cynicism; (b) reported social norms are, in general, significantly associated with tax evasion intentions; (c) social norms partially mediate the relationship between Machiavellianism and evasion intentions. Our findings imply that experimental research that controls for key personality traits such as Machiavellianism will be necessary to test the effectiveness of potential interventions designed to enhance social norms and tax compliance. Our findings also raise questions regarding the validity of certain social norm measures used in recent studies, particularly in the case of high Machiavellians. In contrast to much prior research, gender was not associated with the likelihood of committing tax fraud in our multivariate models, suggesting that the higher levels of tax compliance often associated with females may be eroding.
Art Exhibitions in Munich and Istanbul (1909–18): Cultural Events as Part of German Imperialist Policies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The X. and XI. International Art Exhibitions in Munich (1909, 1913), the exhibition of Masterpieces of Muhammadan Art in Munich (1910), and the Munich Exhibition of Art and Crafts in Constantinople (1918) are significant events in late Ottoman and German artistic environments. In the current scholarly literature on the subject, the exhibitions in Munich have been studied as products of the “modernization movement” in the Ottoman Empire whereas the German exhibition in Istanbul has remained entirely unexamined. The aim of this article is to analyze these exhibitions closely in the context of German imperialist policies in the Ottoman Empire that were devised during the reign of Kaiser Wilhelm II (r. 1888–1918). This article argues that these exhibitions constituted an important part of German foreign cultural policy in relation to the Ottoman Empire and served as important channels to increase the economic and political hegemony of the German state in the region.
Collaborative Edge Caching for Panoramic Video Streaming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the popularity of virtual reality applications in daily life, a large number of users begin to acquaint themselves with panoramic videos. However, the demand for high bandwidth and low latency brings challenges to the transmission of panoramic videos. Although the tile-based viewport adaptive streaming scheme can mitigate this problem and improve bandwidth utilization, the sudden viewport switching of the users in an immersive environment will result in high transmission delay and video playback stall, which reduces the user's quality of experience. Prefetching the content in panoramic videos that users most likely watch to an edge server can further reduce transmission latency. However, due to the limitation of edge server cache capacity, better caching strategies need to be proposed. In this paper, we propose an edge collaborative cache scheme, which performs cache and replacement decisions to improve cache utilization and minimize transmission delay and cost. Moreover, adjacent multiple mobile edge computing (MEC) servers form a collaboration domain and share the cache capacity. The proposed strategy determines the proactive caching content and selects the best cache server by taking the cache benefit and replacement cost of the whole cooperation domain into account. Experimental results show that compared with FIFO and LRU, the proposed cache replacement strategy has a higher cache hit ratio and viewport quality, and lower stall times, which can bring a good user experience.
What is Property Law?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Property law scholars have been dealing with a number of key doctrinal questions concerning property law since the first time someone pointed at something and claimed: ‘This is mine!’ This scholarship has included questions such as: What are property rights? What kind of things can we have property rights in? What role can property law play in shaping our society? But one question that seems to have drawn less attention than the others is: What is property law? This article places the question of what property law is into the limelight. It tackles this question in four steps: (i) it asks why the question is a valid one in the first place; (ii) it presents an abstract model outlining the building blocks of property law; (iii) it discusses how to separate property law from other, adjacent fields of law; and (iv) it analyses the impact that developments in EU law have on the main question of what property law is.
DETECTION OF MALICIOUS SOFTWARE USING CLASSICAL AND NEURAL NETWORK CLASSIFICATION METHODS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Formulation of the problem: the spectrum of problems solved by modern mobile systems such as Android is constantly growing. This is because on the one hand by the potential opportunities that are implemented in hardware, as well as their \nintegration with modern information technologies, which in turn harmoniously complement and create powerful ardware and software information systems, capable of performing many functions, including pro- information boards. Increasing the flow of information, complexity of the processes and of the hardware and software component devices such as Android, forcing developers to create new means of protection, efficiency and qualitative performing the process. This is especially important in the development of automated systems instrumental performing classification (clustering) of existing software into two classes: safe and malicious software. The aim is to increase the reliability and quality of recognition of modern built-in security of information, as well as the rationale and the selection methods of carrying out these functions. The methods used are: to accomplish the goals are analyzed and used classical methods of classification, neural network method based on standard architectures, and support vector machine (SVM - machine). Novelty: The paper presents the concept of the use of support vector in identifying deleterious software developed methodological, algorithmic and software that implements this concept in relation to the means of mobile communication. Result: The obtained qualitative and quantitative characteristics-security software. Practical value: the technique of development of advanced information security systems in mobile environments such as Android. It presents an approach to the description of behavioral malware (based on the following virus: none - wakes - Analysis of weaknesses - the action: a healthy regime or attack (threat)).
SH1174069.09FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
The Challenges of Peasant Farming: The Case of Burkina Faso

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article analyzes the current problems of peasant agriculture, beginning with a general point of view (part 1), then in the particular case of a Sub-Saharian African country, Burkina Faso (part 2), and finally proposes a series of ideas for a debate about a better future of the peasant societies (part 3).
Reparar y sustituir cosas en la compraventa: evolución y últimas tendencias

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

International texts recognise the buyer's right to the repair or replacement if the goods do not conform with the contract, and at the same time, establish exceptions to their application and certain rules of protection for the seller (Art. 46 CISG, Art. 7.2.3 UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Art.\n\t\t\t\t 9:102 PECL and Arts. 4:202 y 4:204 (1) PEL S). This approach is a result of a compromise between civil law systems and the common law and it has been widely extended to the regulation of consumer sales over the last decade (Art. 3.3 of the Directive 1999/44/CE, Art. III.-3:302 DCFR, Art. 26 of the proposal for a Directive on Consumer Rights). These norms regulate the different ways of requiring the fulfilment of a contractual obligation from a new paradigm which has little to do with a need to protect the weak consumer which governed the origins of consumer policy in the European Community. Now the idea of the consumer who shall behave economically efficiently prevails in Art. 3.3 of the Directive 1999/44/CE, a norm which is clearly influenced by the international texts and whose transposing into the national legislation of Member States has created important problems for traditional dogmas. In this sense there are still some unclear issues, such as the possibility of replacing in sales of goods of specific nature or second-hand goods, some aspects on the exercise of repair and replacement, and, even, their use as primary remedies rather than a reduction in price or a rescission of the contract. With regard to this, in England the possibility of offering the consumer free choice between these measures if the goods do not conform with the contract has been raised. This is far from the principle of pacta sunt servanda and is clearly contrary to the economic approach of the proposal for a Directive on Consumer Rights. Up to now Spain has limited itself to implementing Art. 3.3 Directive 1999/44/CE into its legal system in almost literal terms and the case law on the issue has completely turned out to be insufficient. By contrast with Germany, the Spanish legislator has not extended the application of the rules of repair and replacement of Directive 1999/44/CE to nonconsumer sales, even though two draft bill proposals along these lines presented by the General Commission for Codifying (“Comisión General de Codificación”), the last one being in January, 2009
Triticum aestivum L. AGG 36678 WHEA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum aestivum L.
Common name(s): Wheat
Other names: NAPAROO
Conserved by: Australian Grains Genebank, DEECA (AGG), Australia
Local sample unique identifier: AGG 36678 WHEA
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2009-07-28
Other identifiers: n/a,SUN414F
Historical: No
Biological status: Advanced or improved cultivar
MLS status: Not included
Urban Agriculture Oriented towards Self-Supply, Social and Commercial Purpose: A Typology

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Urban agriculture, a dynamic multifunctional phenomenon, affects the spatial diversification of urban land use, its valorization and its governance. Literature acknowledges its contribution to the development of sustainable cities. The dimension and extent of this contribution depends significantly on the particular form and function of urban agriculture. However, the complexity of interests and dimensions is insufficiently covered by theory. This paper proposes a typology for urban agriculture, supporting both theory building and practical decision processes. We reviewed and mapped the diversity of the types of agriculture found along three beneficial dimensions (self-supply, socio-cultural, commercial) for product distribution scale and actors. We distinguish between ideal types, subtypes and mixed types. Our intention is to include a dynamic perspective in the typology of urban agricultural land use because transition processes between types are observable due to the existence of complex motivations and influences. In a pilot study of 52 urban agriculture initiatives in Germany, we tested the validity of the typology and discussed it with stakeholders, proving novelty and relevance for profiling discussions.