jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Maximizing Data Use: Mixed Qualitative Methods

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper we address the issue of using a mix of qualitative methods to maximize the analysis of interview data. The need to do this arose from research we undertook initially using an approach based on phenomenography. The intention was to determine Australian Aboriginal university students’ conceptions of learning. We were able to achieve this for formal learning using phenomenography but not for informal learning, strategy use, or reasons for learning because these were not single phenomena. Hence we used an interpretivedescriptive approach to determine categories for the latter analyses (Boulton-Lewis et al. 2000a, 2000b). The reasons, process, and case for using mixed qualitative methods are presented in relation to the purposes of the methods and illustrated by our work. We believe that the combination of methods allowed us to make the most of the data.
Massive character recognition with a large ground-truthed database

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In character recognition, multiple prototype classifiers, where multiple patterns are prepared as representative patterns of each class, have often been employed to improve recognition accuracy. Our question is how we can improve the recognition accuracy by increasing prototypes massively in the multiple prototype classifier. In this paper, we will answer this question through several experimental analyses, using a simple 1-nearest neighbor (1-NN) classifier and about 550,000 manually labeled handwritten numeral patterns. The analysis results under the leave-one-out evaluation showed not only a simple fact that more prototypes provide fewer recognition errors, but also a more important fact that the error rate decreases approximately to 40% by increasing the prototypes 10 times. The analysis results also showed other phenomena in massive character recognition, such that the NN prototypes become visually closer to the input pattern by increasing the prototypes.
Linear Programming and Belief Propagation with Convex Free Energies Applications in Computer Vision and Computational Biology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The task of finding the most probable explanation (or MAP) in a graphical model comes up in a wide range of applications including image understanding [9], error correcting codes [2] and protein folding [11]. For an arbitrary graph, this problem is known to be NP hard [8] and various approximation algorithms have been proposed (see. e.g [5] for a recent review). Linear Programming (LP) Relaxations are a standard method for approximating combinatorial optimization problems in computer science [1]. They have been used for approximating the MAP problem in a general graphical model by Santos [7]. More recently LP relaxations have been used for error-correcting codes [2], and for protein folding [4]. LP relaxations have an advantage over other approximate inference schemes in that they come with an optimality guarantee when the solution to the linear program is integer, then the LP solution is guaranteed to give the global optimum of the posterior probability. The research described here grew out of our experience in using LP relaxations for problems in computer vision, computational biology and statistical physics. In all these fields, the number of variables in a realistic problem may be on the order of 10 or more. We found that using standard, off-the-shelf LP solvers these problems cannot be solved using standard desktop hardware. A second problem, is that even when we worked on toy problems in which the number of variables was much smaller, we found that a large fraction of the variables in the LP solution were non-integer. This means that the guarantee of optimality is lost, and in practice thresholding the fractional LP solutions gave poor results. The fact that general purpose LP solvers are not suitable for these problems is not that surprising. The linear programs that arise out of LP relaxations for graphical models have a common structure and are a small subset of all possible linear programs. The challenge is to find a LP solver that (1) takes advantage of this special structure and (2) can be used to solve a hierarchy of tighter relaxations in case the standard LP relaxation fails. In this paper, we show that generalized belief propagation with a convex free energy provides such a solver. We show that tree reweighted BP suggested by Wainwright and colleagues [10] is a special case of GBP with a convex free energy but there are many convex free energies that cannot be represented as a tree reweighted free energy. This result has theoretical implications since it shows that the property of solving the LP is distinct from the property of providing a rigorous bound 1E-mail: yweiss@cs.huji.ac.il
A clinical study of acute progressive cerebral infarction treated by acutase injection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective In order to investigate the effect of acute progressive cerebral infarction treated by acutase.Methods 127 cases of acute progressive cerebral infarction patients were divided into trerapy group with 65 cases and control group with 62 randomly,contol test was performed.Results The effect of acutase therapy group was more dramatic than that of control group(P0.01);PAgT were decreased remarkably(P0.05)and D-D increased(P0.05).Conclusion Acutase has a curative effect on patients with acute progressive cerebral infarction.
Lancashire Wills for the sixteenth century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Lancashire Wills for the sixteenth century Get access H. Fishwick H. Fishwick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s3-V, Issue 123, 7 May 1864, Page 378, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s3-V.123.378a Published: 07 May 1864
Transient Disturbances of Consciousness in Hepatic Cirrhosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The occurrence, in hepatic cirrhosis, of transient dis turbances of consciousness which cannot be related to cholaemia was mentioned by Osier in 1892. Himsworth (1947) states : Coma is peculiar in possessing no strik ing features. The patient seems quietly asleep?limbs have a peculiar ' clasp-knife ' rigidity, not unlike that in Parkinson's syndrome, and the plantar reflexes are extensor . . . the majority then quietly die, but recovery sometimes occurs even at this stage. Otherwise this syndrome has received scant attention in the medical literature, and it was thought that it might be of value to revive interest in the condition by publishing a brief account of three such cases.
Clinical efficacy and immune regulation with peanut oral immunotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been thought to induce clinical desensitization to allergenic foods, but trials coupling the clinical response and immunologic effects of peanut OIT have not been reported. Objective The study objective was to investigate the clinical efficacy and immunologic changes associated with OIT. Methods Children with peanut allergy underwent an OIT protocol including initial day escalation, buildup, and maintenance phases, and then oral food challenge. Clinical response and immunologic changes were evaluated. Results Of 29 subjects who completed the protocol, 27 ingested 3.9 g peanut protein during food challenge. Most symptoms noted during OIT resolved spontaneously or with antihistamines. By 6 months, titrated skin prick tests and activation of basophils significantly declined. Peanut-specific IgE decreased by 12 to 18 months, whereas IgG4 increased significantly. Serum factors inhibited IgE–peanut complex formation in an IgE-facilitated allergen binding assay. Secretion of IL-10, IL-5, IFN-γ, and TNF-α from PBMCs increased over a period of 6 to 12 months. Peanut-specific forkhead box protein 3 T cells increased until 12 months and decreased thereafter. In addition, T-cell microarrays showed downregulation of genes in apoptotic pathways. Conclusion Oral immunotherapy induces clinical desensitization to peanut, with significant longer-term humoral and cellular changes. Microarray data suggest a novel role for apoptosis in OIT.
Exploring adolescent‐facing US clinicians' perceptions of their contraceptive counseling and use of shared decision‐making: A qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Adolescent contraceptive decision‐making is influenced by a number of patient and clinician‐driven factors. Although the AAP continues to endorse an efficacy‐based model of contraceptive counseling, many professional organizations are shifting to a shared decision‐making model as the optimal approach for providing unbiased and patient‐driven contraceptive counseling. While SDM is intended to reduce the influence of clinician bias, it can exacerbate inequity if a clinician tailors a conversation based on their assumptions of a patient's goals or preferences. In this qualitative study, we explored self‐reported contraceptive counseling practices among US‐based clinicians who see adolescent patients to assess how these practices create barriers or facilitators to SDM and person‐centered contraceptive care. Methods We interviewed 16 clinicians at the 2022 AAP Annual Meeting who counsel adolescent patients about contraception. We used thematic content analysis to analyze interview transcripts using Dedoose. Results We identified six aspects of contraceptive counseling that clinicians commonly employed with adolescent patients. These were: (1) sociodemographic characteristics driving counseling, (2) reliance on tiered effectiveness counseling, (3) initiating counseling conversations using “ask then explain” or “explain then ask” approaches, (4) emphasis on teen pregnancy prevention, (5) the influence of method accessibility on counseling, and (6) parental involvement in decision‐making and patient confidentiality. We describe how these themes align with or diverge from each component of the SDM framework. Conclusion Clinicians in this study frequently engaged in non‐patient‐centered techniques during contraceptive counseling with adolescents. These findings can inform practice recommendations to support clinicians in providing high‐quality contraceptive counseling using shared decision‐making.
Asymptomatic Transient Lingual Hyperpigmentation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 77-year-old woman incidentally was noted to have black discoloration of the tongue during a routine dermatologic examination.The patient was unaware of the tongue discoloration and reported that her tongue appeared normal the day prior.The tongue was asymptomatic.Clinical examination revealed black hyperpigmentation on the dorsal aspect of the tongue without appreciable hypertrophy or hyperkeratosis of the filiform papillae.The patient had a half-pack daily smoking habit for many years but had abstained from any smoking or tobacco use for the last 15 years.The patient endorsed good oral hygiene.Upon further questioning, the patient revealed that she had ingested 1 tablet of bismuth salicylate the prior night to relieve postprandial dyspepsia.A cotton-tipped applicator was rubbed gently against the affected area and removed some of the black pigment. WHAT'S YOUR DIAGNOSIS?a. acanthosis nigricans b.
Complex Vibratory Signalling and Putative Receptor Mechanisms in the Masked Birch Caterpillar, Drepana Arcuata (Lepidoptera, Drepanidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The masked birch caterpillar, Drepana arcuata, uses 3 distinct signals when defending its territory from conspecific intruders. The 3 signals are anal scrape, mandible drum and mandible scrape. This study's goals were twofold: first, to test hypotheses on the functional significance of these complex signals, and second, to identify putative vibration receptors in the proleg. Based on experimental trials of size asymmetry certain signal characteristics of the mandible drum and anal scrape were observed to vary between individuals of different mass suggesting the 3 signals could be a result of content based selection and that size information is conferred during an interaction. Trials where the measuring distance was varied, only 2 characteristics of the anal scrape differed significantly between the four recording distances. A dissection study of the proleg discovered that both internal and external structures were innervated. Innervated setae and putative chordotonal organs may function as a multi-component receptor.
Development of acetabulum after closed reduction in developmental hip dysplasia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The radiographic study of acetabulum development after closed reduction of 87 congenitally dislocated hips in 64 patients who were treated between 1980 and 1990 was conducted retrospectively. An average patient's age at the moment of closed hip reduction was 16 months (range between 6 to 24 months). On the average, patients were 16 months old (range between 6 to 24 months) at the moment of closed hip reduction. Development of bony acetabulum was followed for 8 years by measuring the AC angle. According to the age at the moment of closed reduction patients were sorted into three groups, the first group from 6 months to 12 months old (39 hips), the second group from 12 to 24 months old (28 hips) and the third group from 24 to 36 months old (20 hips). At the beginning of the treatment mean values of the AC angle in the first group were 37.2 degrees +/- 3.31 degrees; in the second group 39.7 degrees +/- 3.2 degrees; and in the third group 43.8 degrees +/- 2.7 degrees. The final values of the AC angle in the first group were 14.7 degrees +/- 3.21 degrees, in the second group 21 degrees +/- 3.02 degrees; and in the third group 24 degrees +/- 3.76 degrees. Normally and mildly dysplastic hips were achieved in 80.5% treated hips, while in 19.5% treated hips medium and serious dysplasia retarded. The acetabulum development in dysplastic hip after retained stable concentric reduction was the same as in the normal hip. The operative reconstruction of acetabulum should not be done before the third year of life.
[High-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell autotransplantation for patients with poor-risk testicular germ cell tumors--pilot study of the Japan Blood Cell Transplantation Study Group].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The efficacy and toxicity of a single cycle of high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell autotransplantation (PBSCT) in patients with poor-risk testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) enrolled in the Japan Blood Cell Transplantation Study Group was investigated. Previously untreated poor-risk testicular GCT patients were treated with BEP therapy (cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin) with or without high-dose chemotherapy (carboplatin, etoposide and ifosphamide) followed by PBSCT. Patients were qualified for a change to high-dose chemotherapy if elevated serum tumor markers (human chorionic gonadotropin-beta, alpha-fetoprotein and lactate dehydrogenase) was observed after 3 cycles of BEP therapy. Eighteen patients were treated with BEP therapy alone and 16 with BEP and high-dose chemotherapy. At the completion of high-dose chemotherapy, all tumor markers had returned to normal in 6 patients. Among them, 1 had only teratoma found at resection and 5 had carcinoma resected. Nine patients who had persistent elevation of any tumor marker were treated with high-dose chemotherapy or another anticancer drug. Thirteen are alive (81%) and 9 (56%) are continuously disease-free at a median follow up of 11 months. The median time from PBSCT to a granulocyte count > 500/microL was 9.5 days and to a platelet count > 50,000/microL was 13 days.
Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Pemberian Insentif terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT Putra Karisma Palembang

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the effects of work discipline and incentives on the performance of employees of PT Putra Karisma Palembang. The sample was selected using the saturated sample technique. Data from 57 respondents were collected through interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. This study implemented the multiple linear regression method to analyze data. The results prove that partially each of work discipline and incentives has no significant effect on employee performance. However, simultaneously work discipline and incentives have a significant effect on employee performance. This insight is beneficial for PT Putra Karisma Palembang. To improve employees' performance, the company should consider both work discipline and incentives factors together. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh disiplin kerja dan pemberian insentif terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Putra Karisma Palembang. Sampel dipilih menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh. Data 57 responden dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, dokumentasi, dan kuesioner. Studi ini mengimplementasikan metode regresi linier berganda untuk menganalisis data. Hasil investigasi membuktikan bahwa secara parsial baik disiplin kerja maupun pemberian insentif masing-masing tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Tetapi, secara simultan disiplin kerja dan pemberian insentif berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Fakta ini bermanfaat bagi PT Putra Karisma Palembang. Untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan, maka perusahaan harus mempertimbangkan faktor disiplin kerja dan pemberian insentif secara bersama-sama.
Adapting a Preschool Physical Activity Intervention to Be Inclusive of Children on the Autism Spectrum

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Interventions for promoting physical activity designed specifically for preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are lacking, which is problematic given the low rates of physical activity among this population. This study used a stakeholder-engaged approach to adapt the Wellness Enhancing Physical Activity for Young Children (WE PLAY) teacher training for preschoolers with ASD. Specifically, we solicited and integrated feedback from experts in ASD, adapted physical education, and school-based physical activity promotion, and we incorporated behavioural teaching strategies while preserving the intervention's core components and theoretical basis. Following the adaptation process, teachers and a public preschool director implemented WE PLAY-Autism. This case study reports on the adaptation process and process evaluation from the WE PLAY-Autism pilot study. Results indicated high feasibility and acceptability. WE PLAY-Autism warrants further research and dissemination to preschools that aim to appropriately include students with ASD in physical activity.
Bilingual Counseling Students Developing Cultural and Language Competence in Mexico

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Scholars have recently called for a greater research focus on bilingual counselor education and training. This study aims to explore the impact and development of study abroad immersion experiences on Latine bilingual counseling students. This study used transcendental phenomenological research to explore the lived experiences of bilingual counselors (N = 7) during a two-week study abroad program in Oaxaca. Participants comprised master’s and doctoral level students at a CACREP-accredited program who identified as Latine, Spanish-speakers. Through individual interviews, we discovered three themes from the data: (a) personal and professional connection to the study abroad program, (b) developing cultural competence through introspection, self-awareness, and humility, and (c) increasing professional Spanish while embracing nuances. Latine, Spanish-speaking reported growth in their linguistic abilities, self-understanding, and knowledge of Latine cultures. We discuss implications for counselor education study abroad pedagogy and research, as well as how study abroad can promote competence for bilingual counselors.
The impact of maternal depression on preschoolers internalizing behavior problems

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study compared the frequency of complaints of anxiety, depression, withdrawal, emotional reactivity, and somatic symptoms in children whose mothers showed depression indicators, with the frequency of such complaints in children whose mothers presented no depression indicators, assessed by the scale of internalizing problems of CBCL-11⁄2-5. Twenty-five mothers of thirty-six-month-old boys divided into two groups took part in the study, one group with depression indicators and another without depression indicators. Mothers responded individually to the BDI and CBCL-11⁄2 -5. Significant differences were found between the groups on total internalizing problems and more specifically on emotional reactivity syndrome, with both scores higher in children whose mothers presented depression indicators. The relevance of some dimensions of infant temperament and mechanisms of genetic transmission for understanding the relationship between maternal depression and internalizing problems on preschoolers is discussed.
Paraurachal paraganglioma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Paragangliomas (PGLs) are frequently reported around the abdominal aorta; however, are extremely rare near the urachus. Case presentation A 78‐year‐old woman was referred to the urology department of our hospital for further examination and treatment of a 1.2‐cm tumor in the lower abdominal wall, a tumor excision was then performed. On immunohistochemical staining, the tumor and supporting cells were positive for chromogranin A and the S 100 protein, respectively, and were diagnosed as PGL. The PGL was thought to be derived from chromaffin cells that migrated to the wall of the urachus during embryonic life and remained even after the wall regressed. Conclusion We report a case of PGL near the urachus that can be explained by the distribution of the sympathetic network around the midline of the lower abdominal wall during embryonic development. Therefore, PGL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of periurachal tumors.
Desecuritization in China's Behavior towards Its Transboundary Rivers: the Mekong River, the Brahmaputra River, and the Irtysh and Ili Rivers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Fresh water has no substitute, and its availability has been declining sharply around the globe. In Asia, China's role as a multidirectional and transborder water provider is unmatched. Analysis of China's behavior towards its transboundary rivers is therefore pivotal. By examining three different case studies—the Mekong River in Southeast Asia, the Brahmaputra River in South Asia and the Irtysh and Ili Rivers in Central Asia—this article seeks to lay the theoretical groundwork for understanding China's behavior. It pits previously applied realist rationales against the more recent notion of desecuritization strategies and makes a case for the latter. While desecuritization implies non- or de-escalation, it does not necessarily mean genuine long-term cooperation. The future of Asia's shared waters may thus be a contentious one.