jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
How Much Does Irrelevant Speech Impair Employees' Work Performance in Open-Plan Offices?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

When people are talking in the background of an open-plan office it can be experienced as disturbing. However, it is not well specified how much irrelevant speech actually disrupts performance. The aims of the present study were, first, to investigate how much cognitive performance is impaired by irrelevant background speech with varying degrees of speech intelligibility, and second, to determine whether some office-related tasks are more susceptible than others. The results showed that cognitive performance decreased as a function of background speech intelligibility, the higher the intelligibility depicted by the Speech Transmission Index (STI), the worse the performance. The results indicated that the STI-value should be less than 0.50 (between the speaker and the listener), to avoid a negative influence on performance. Further, performance was more impaired by background speech if the focal task required episodic memory and rehearsal — such as word memory and information search. Interestingly, some tasks were insensitive for speech. This study also shows that the efforts to minimize speech intelligibility will yield increases in cognitive performance with a varying degree, depending on the type of focal task.
Effects of Gracilaria dietary fiber on immunological function and antioxidant function of senile mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To observe the effect of Gracilaria dietary fiber(Gracilaria DF) on the immunological system and antioxidant function of D-galactose-reduced senile mice.Methods:mice were divided into 6 groups at random:the normal group,model group,oat dietary fiber group (400mg/kg bw) and three dose groups of Gracilaria DF(800,400,200mg/kg bw).The mice of the normal group and model group were treated with the normal saline solution.The mice except the normal group were injected with 0.25mL 10% D-galactose in the back of neck subcutaneous,40 days later,the mice were killed to test the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH),the percentage of phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages,the index of spleen and thymus,the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and spleen.Results:Gracilaria DF could promote the genesis of delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) remarkably,enhance clearly the percentage of phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages and the index of spleen and thymus.The activities of SOD and CAT in serum and spleen were up-regulated,the content of MDA was decreased.Conclusion:Gracilaria DF can enhance significantly the immunological function and antioxidant function of senile mice.
Italian Women's Autobiographical Writings in the Twentieth Century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book highlights the centrality of the autobiographical enterprise to Italian women’s writing through the twentieth century—a century that has frequently been referred to as the century of the self. Ursula Fanning addresses the thorny issue of essentialism potentially involved in underlining links between women’s writing and autobiographical modes, and ultimately rejects it in favor of an argument based on the cultural, linguistic, and literary marginalization of women writers within the Italian context. It is concerned with Italian women writers’ various ways of grappling with constructions of subjectivity throughout the century and sets out to explore them. Fanning reads autobiographical writing as subject to many of the same constraints as fiction and, in doing so, draws attention to the significance of the recurring use of the terms “pure” and “impure” in many critical and theoretical discussions of the autobiographical (where “pure” is used to suggest a truthful representation of a life, while “impure” suggests the messy undertaking of mixing lived experience with fiction). Recurring patterns and paradigms are found in the works of the various writers considered (eighteen in all), and these paradigms are analyzed through close readings of their works. These close readings offer insights into approaches to the constructions of subjectivity in the narratives and are informed by feminist theories. The chapters focus on selves in relationship, taking their lead from the patterns unfolding in the writers’ work, hence the subjects are constructed as daughters (with different views of the self in relation to fathers and mothers), within the confines of the romantic relationship (which involves reconsiderations and rewritings of the romance plot), as maternal subjects, and as writers (with an eye on their relationship to the literary canon, as well as to the relationship with readers). This book argues that there is such a thing as gendered subjectivity and that its constructions may be traced through the texts analyzed.
Application of Technology of O3-IBAC in High Quality Drinking Water

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Technology of O 3 -lmmobilized Bacterial Activated Carbon (IBAC) was used to develop a set of high quality drinking water producing system equipment. Water quality of influent and of effluent were monitored, results showed that permanganate index declined to 1.42 mg/L from 4.15 mg/L, which meant removal rate was 65.87%. Turbidity of influent was 2.75 NTU and of effluent was 0.53 NTU, which meant average removal rate was 76.68%. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) of influent was 5.035 mg/L and of effluent was 1.869 mg/L, which meant removal rate reached 62.88%. Dissoluble Organic Carbon (DOC) of influent was 5.026 mg/L and of effluent was 1.381 mg/L, which meant removal rate was 72.52%. Using Gas Chromatogram-Mass Spectrum to monitor each main processing unit of the system, results showed that organic pollutants of influent were 111 kinds. There were 24 kinds of organic matters after ozone contact tower, and 17 kinds of organic matters left after IBAC. In each main unit of system, total number of bacteria and E.coli were under drinking water health standard of China. Analyzing the high effective combined engineering bacteria group, results showed that they could ensure biologic security.
DDDR-05. SPATIALLY RESOLVED DRUG SENSITIVITY PROFILING IN GLIOBLASTOMA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by poor overall survival and an urgent need for more effective treatment strategies. Macroscopic heterogeneity, as observed through MR imaging, divides the tumor into distinct regions: a tumor-cell dense contrast-enhancing tumor core and a non-contrast-enhancing infiltration zone that appears hyperintense on T2/FLAIR imaging. The infiltration zone contains both infiltrating tumor cells and non-malignant cells from the local brain microenvironment. Although genomic and transcriptomic differences between the tumor core and the infiltration zone have been reported, functional differences, such as differential drug sensitivities, remain largely unknown. METHODS To investigate this, we collected region-specific glioblastoma patient tissue samples from both the contrast-enhancing tumor core and the non-contrast-enhancing but 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescent infiltration zone during surgery. Using pharmacoscopy, a microscopy-based single-cell drug screening platform, we assessed drug responses across regions and patients. RESULTS To determine whether drug responses within a single tumor region were more similar compared to responses across different regions we collected multiple tissue samples from each tumor region in seven patients. We identified region-specific drug responses for temozolomide and lomustine, among other drugs, in some of the patients. However, drug sensitivities were not consistent within the same region across different patients. Thus, across patients, the region-specific drug responses were obscured by patient heterogeneity. To address intra- and inter-tumor drug response heterogeneity, we developed a complementarity score based on region-specific drug response data of 60 drugs across 23 paired samples. The complementarity score identified promising drug combinations that demonstrated strong anti-tumor activity across tumor regions and patients. CONCLUSIONS Monotherapy approaches have largely failed in glioblastoma, despite extensive molecular profiling efforts aimed at identifying tumor-specific vulnerabilities. Identifying drug combinations that synergistically target the locoregional heterogeneity of glioblastoma may open up new avenues of personalized therapy.
Synthesis, 99mTc-labeling, in-vivo study and in-silico investigation of 6-amino-5-[(bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino]methyl]2-methyl pyrimidin-4-ol as a potential probe for tumor targeting

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study aimed to synthesize a new pyrimidine derivative with a good synthesis yield of 87% to act as a new cancer marker after radiolabeling with Tc-99m in a high radiochemical yield of 92.3%. In-vivo study in tumor-bearing Swiss albino mice model revealed promising data with high uptake in cancer. Docking study showed good binding interactions of the radiosynthesized complex at the binding site. In conclusion, this novel complex could be a potential probe for cancer targeting.
PSG Shanghai invests in new manufacturing facility

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Some countries with large renewables markets have sought to create domestic supply chains and jobs by implementing local-content requirements. We focus on three key renewables markets with local-content requirements – Brazil, India and South Africa – and analyze whether these rules have helped create local manufacturing capacity or benefited local companies. We find that companies in all three countries have tended to take on roles that are more easily borrowed from other industries, such as project development or ancillary services. It is more difficult to set up manufacturing capacity and such growth as there has been is in less sophisticated components. We also find that local content rules have contributed to increasing project costs.
EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF CARRAGEENAN Kappaphycus alvarezii FROM COAST OF KUTAI TIMUR DISTRICT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Carrageenan is a gelling form of polysaccharide obtained from extraction process of red seaweeds (Rhodophyceae) including Kappaphycus alvarezii. Carrageenan is widely used for pharmacy, cosmetics, food, gelling, and binding agent as well as emulsifier and stabi-lizer. The quality of carrageenan is affected by several factors, one of them such as concen-tration of KOH. The objectives of this research were to define the best concentration of KOH for extraction and characterize the functional properties. Functional properties of carrageen-an in this research were sulphate content, acid insoluble ash, gell strength, fiber, and whiteness. The experimental design used for this research was completely ran-domized design with four treatments of KOH concentrations i.e. 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%. The study showed that the use of KOH concentarion of 7% resulted the best of carrageenan quality containing 24.36% sulphate, 1.96% acid insoluble ash, 17.80 g/cm2 gell strength, 8.94% fiber and 58.91% whiteness. Keywords: carrageenan, extraction, functional properties, Kalium Hydroxide, Kappaphycus alvarezii
An IoT Sensing System for Managing Industrial FOG-Separators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There is a widespread social awareness for the need of environment protection and sustainable systems in different areas of human activity. In particular, the catering industry is responsible for a significant share of sewage systems pollution, due to daily leaks of food remnants containing Fat, Oil and Grease (FOG). This work focuses on building a combined IoT monitoring solution to automate the remote management of industrial FOG-Separators, aiming to prevent or reduce leakage of FOG and food debris into sewer systems. The proposed solution adopted the use of custom-made in-premises sensor motes integrating two particular sensors: an in-the-house developed conductivity sensor, built specifically to distinguish levels of water and FOG in industrial FOG-Separators; an off-the-shelf turbidity sensor integrated to assess the amount of water debris. Briefly, this work has four major fold contributions: i) design and implementation of a combined IoT sensing solution; ii) most significant was the development, test, and integration of the capacity-based sensor coupled to local sensor motes, for assessing Water/FOG levels; iii) assessing and profiling edge motes energy autonomy; iv) finally, deploying the combined IoT architecture to validate the entire process of monitoring and scheduling the maintenance of industrial FOG-Separators.
Preliminary evaluation of the effect of vaccination with modified live bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) on detection of BVDV antigen in skin biopsies using immunohistochemical methods

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Immunohistochemical (IHC) testing of skin biopsies (ear notch samples) is a method to identify cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine diarrhoea virus (BDV). Skin biopsies were taken from 90 calves upon arrival (day 0) at a feedlot, and on days 14, 28 and 42 following arrival. Calves were vaccinated with modified live virus (MLV) BDV vaccine on days 1 and 14 following arrival. Additional samples were obtained from 50 of the calves between days 1 and 10 when they were treated for bovine respiratory disease. Immunohistochemical testing for BDV antigen was performed on all samples. One calf was positive for BDV antigen by IHC techniques on 5 skin biopsies. This calf was also positive by virus isolation (VI) on the buffy coat of a blood sample obtained on day 42 following arrival. All samples from the remaining calves were negative when tested with the IHC method. Other tests, VI and polymerase chain reaction, used to identify PI cattle may give positive results in cattle recently vaccinated with MLV BDV vaccine. This study suggests that IHC testing of skin biopsies may be advantageous over other tests to identify PI cattle recently vaccinated with MLV BVDV.
Utilization of a NF2-Mutant Mouse Strain to Investigate the Cellular and Molecular Function of the NF2 Tumor Suppressor, Merlin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract : Neurofibromatosis type2 (NF2) is a familial cancer syndrome that features the development of nervous system tumors. The NF2-encoded protein, merlin, localizes to the membrane:cytoskeleton interface, raising the intriguing question of how a protein that occupies such a physical niche controls cell proliferation, To generate an animal model for NF2 and to build the foundation for delineating the molecular function of merlin, we established a Nf2-mutant mouse strain through genetic engineerins. Nf2(+/-) mice develop a spectrum of tumors that is distinct from that of their human counterparts, including osteosarcomas and hepatocellular carcinomas, which exhibit loss of the wild-type Nf2 allele. Embryos that are homozygous for a null Nf2 mutation fail to gastrulate, while chimeric embryos partially composed of Nf2(-/-) cells develop additional defects, including during cardiac development. Together, these observations indicate a requirement for merlin function in several different cell types in the mouse; the study of Nf2 function in these cell types formed the basis of this proposal. The following report describes our accumulating data that indicates an important and general role for Nf2 function in cell differentiation. In addition, data from these and other studies in our laboratory point to a general role for merlin function in plasma membrane organization in different cell types.
Quantization of causal diamonds in (2+1)-dimensional gravity -- Part I: Classical reduction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We develop the non-perturbative reduced phase space quantization of causal diamonds in (2+1)-dimensional gravity with a nonpositive cosmological constant. In this Part I we focus on the classical reduction process, and the description of the reduced phase space, while in Part II we discuss the quantization of the phase space and quantum aspects of the causal diamonds. The system is defined as the domain of dependence of a spacelike topological disk with fixed boundary metric. By solving the constraints in a constant-mean-curvature time gauge and removing all the spatial gauge redundancy, we find that the phase space is the cotangent bundle of Diff^+(S^1)/PSL(2,R), i.e., the group of orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms of the circle modulo the projective special linear subgroup. Classically, the states correspond to causal diamonds embedded in AdS_3 (or Mink_3 if $Λ= 0$), with fixed corner length, and whose Cauchy surfaces have the topology of a disc.
Distinguishing between isthmic thyroglossal duct cyst and goitre on nuclear thyroid scan: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thyroglossal duct cysts, which are the most frequently encountered congenital cervical anomalies in children, occur due to embryologic remnants of the thyroglossal duct. Although diagnosis may be challenging, clinicians can be aided by imaging and fine-needle aspiration biopsies. We describe the clinical management of a two-year-old boy with a thyroglossal duct cyst mimicking a goitre on a pertechnetate thyroid scan.
Options for managing pesticide resistance in the redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor Tucker): an experimental test involving altered selection pressures and alternative chemicals

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chemical strategies to manage pest populations that have evolved pesticide resistance can involve killing resistant individuals by using higher rates of the same pesticide or applying alternative pesticides for which resistance does not exist. However, the dilemma is that alternative pesticides available for many pest species are limited, while higher pesticide rates may lead to the evolution of higher resistance levels. Here, both strategies are tested in a resistant population of the redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor, which contained resistance against two groups of chemicals: synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates. Resistant mites were introduced into exclusion field plots, which were then treated with pyrethroid, organophosphate or alternative chemicals for 2 years at a low pressure (one spray at the registered field rate per year) or a high pressure (two sprays at the registered field rate per year). A single pyrethroid application suppressed mite numbers, but pyrethroid-resistant allele (kdr) frequencies quickly rose from ∼50% to nearly 100%. Thereafter, pyrethroid chemicals lost effectiveness. However, kdr frequencies declined across mite generations when pyrethroids were not used, regardless of other treatments. Organophosphates continued to suppress mite populations under both high and low pressures, irrespective of kdr allele frequencies, and laboratory bioassays showed no increase in organophosphate resistance levels. One of the alternative chemicals, diafenthiuron, applied once per year over two years, successfully suppressed mite numbers, whereas other treatments did not control mites. These findings demonstrate that different strategies are required to manage H. destructor with pyrethroid resistance and organophosphate resistance.
Conversation Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Conversation analysis (CA) is primarily a method for the study of spoken interaction. It is most of all concerned with the sequential organization of interaction, but it is also interested in the inferential frameworks people use in making sense of each other in interaction. It was originated by Harvey Sacks in the 1960s, and it is influenced by the ethnomethodological sociology of Harold Garfinkel. In the study of religion/s, it can be used for the microanalytic study of various kinds of religious activity types. With the help of the method, the analyst can both explicate the central religiously relevant tasks the participants accomplish in these activity types and uncover the interactional methods they use in accomplishing them. Mostly, conversation analysts use video or audio recordings of naturally occurring interaction as data, but written interaction, such as discussion in social media, can also be analyzed with the method. CA can be productively combined with ethnographic methods.
Understanding Successful Use of Technology in Organisations in Developing Countries: A Structurational Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Information Technology and its relationship to organisational performance has been a subject of continued interest to researchers and other stakeholders in developing countries. While there is concurrence that IT does contribute to performance, and we are efficiently expanding our knowledge on what factors cause better leveraging of IT resources in organisations, we have done little to understand how these factors interact with technology that results in improved performance. This paper suggests looking that the interaction between organisational resources and technology within the structurational lens, which recognises the recursive interaction between technology and people in the presence of social practices, and the norms that inform their ongoing practices. An ethnographic approach to understanding this interaction between technology and resources, as suggested by the structuration perspective, is suggested, aiming to provide richer insights on the nature of the environment that promotes better use of IT resources in developing countries. Such insights could provide the IT users in developing countries with at least an initial conception of the “IT usage platform” that they could promote in their organisations to leverage the most from their IT resources.