jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Doctor-patient relationship in oncological illness: the "talking medicine".

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

For any physician, sympathetic interaction with his/her patients should remain a central concern. It is his/her task to understand the patient's hopes, fears, anxieties and social situation, as well as to understand himself and his own motives and attitudes, which can often be identified as helplessness. Continually advancing technology, rationalization, time, and the pressure for success leave less and less room for such considerations in medical practice. While patients often consider their medical care as very good, they, however, complain that the emotional support is often insufficient. Thus, for the benefit of both the doctor and the patient, every physician has to assure compassion in his relationship with the patients. Medical doctors taking care of cancer patients do not need only thorough medical training but also additional training in psychosomatic medicine.
VERTEBROPLASTY IN BONE FRAGILITY FRACTURES AND TUMOR FRACTURES: RISKS AND BENEFITS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the results of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) in spinal fragility fractures (osteoporosis/tumor), analyzing possible complications. Method: We evaluated 33 patients with spinal fractures (FXV) due to osteoporosis or tumor who underwent PV between January and November 2021. A physical examination was performed, obtaining the history and risk factors for bone fragility/tumor and a radiological evaluation of the spine to verify FXV. Genant’s semiquantitative method was used for postoperative classification, the VAS score, and a disability questionnaire (ODI). A radiologist evaluated tomographic control to quantify vertebral filling and extravasation, determining where they occurred. Results: 46 vertebrae of 33 patients were operated on, with a mean age of 71 years, and 11 patients with more than one level of surgery. Of the total, 13 patients had tumor fractures, and 20 had fractures due to insufficiency. PMMA extravasation was observed in 31 vertebrae, most frequently in the External Vertebral Venous Plexus (23), Discal Body (9), Anterior Epidural Recess (4), Pulmonary Vessels (4), Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus (3), Inferior Cava (2), Adipose Plane (2) and Azygos Vein (1). No patient had clinical complications. Furthermore, the mean preoperative VAS was eight, the postoperative one was 3, the mean preoperative ODI was 56, and the postoperative one was 30. Conclusion: PMMA extravasation was frequent in several locations and levels without any clinical complications. VP proved to be effective in improving pain and function. Level III; Longitudinal Retrospective Cohort Study.
GENDER, PSYCHOTROPIC DRUG USE AND MORTALITY IN OLDER PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Psychotropic drugs are commonly prescribed to older people with dementia and have been associated with increased mortality. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, prescription patterns of psychotropic drugs, and adverse effects from these drugs seem to differ by gender. However, gender differences in mortality risk have not previously been analyzed. Associations between mortality risk and baseline use of antipsychotics, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines were analyzed among people with dementia ≥65 years. Participants (n=1037) from four cohort studies were included and followed for 2 years. Cox proportional-hazard regression models were used to analyze associations and gender differences adjusted for confounders. None of the psychotropic drug classes were associated with 2-year mortality in fully adjusted models. Significant gender differences were found in association between mortality risk and antidepressant use (P=0.047). When analyzed separately, a reduced risk was found in men, but not in women (hazard ratio [HR] 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40–0.92 and HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.87–1.38, respectively). Significant gender differences were also found in associations between mortality risk and benzodiazepine use (P=0.029), with a relatively higher mortality risk in men compared with women. However, no risk was found in separate analyses of men and women. No gender differences were found in mortality risk associated with antipsychotic use.
Assessment of Lichen Diversity in a Part of Madhyamaheshwar Valley of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A comprehensive survey was carried out to evaluate the distribution pattern and diversity of lichens in the Madhyamaheshwar valley, Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand. According to the data gathered, there are 60 species total, divided into 21 families and 33 genera. The extensive diversity of lichen growth types in the region is demonstrated by the presence of 25 species of crustose lichen, followed by 19 foliose and 16 fruticose. The data gathered from the survey indicates that the Parmeliaceae family, with 8 genera and 12 species, is the most prevalent family in the area, followed by the Cladoniaceae family, which has 1 genera and 8 species. The enumeration of lichens from Madhyamaheshwar valley survey reveals that as the altitude increases the number of lichen species also increases. More taxa will undoubtedly be added to the lichen flora of this valley by conducting a thorough study of lichen species in the surrounding areas. Future biomonitoring and bioprospecting studies in the area will be supported by the baseline data provided by the current lichen count.
Feasibility and Perception of Cross-sex Face Transplantation to Expand the Donor Pool

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: A major challenge in face transplantation (FT) is the limited donor allograft pool. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of cross-sex FT (CSFT) for donor pool expansion by: (1) comparing craniomaxillofacial metrics following CSFT versus same-sex FT (SSFT); and (2) evaluating the public and medical professionals’ perception of CSFT. Methods: Seven cadaveric FTs were performed, resulting in both CSFT and SSFT. Precision of bony and soft tissue inset was evaluated by comparing pre- versus post-operative cephalometric and anthropometric measurements. Fidelity of the FT compared to the virtual plan was assessed by imaging overlay techniques. Surveys were administered to medical professionals, medical students, and general population to evaluate opinions regarding CSFT. Results: Five CSFTs and 2 SSFTs were performed. Comparison of recipients versus post-transplant outcomes showed that only the bigonial and medial intercanthal distances were statistically different between CSFT and SSFT ( P = 0.012 and P = 0.010, respectively). Of the 213 survey participants, more were willing to donate for and undergo SSFT, compared with CSFT (donate: 59.6% versus 53.0%, P = 0.001; receive: 79.5% versus 52.3%, P < 0.001). If supported by research, willingness to receive a CSFT significantly increased to 65.6% ( P < 0.001). On non-blinded and blinded assessments, 62.9% and 79% of responses rated the CSFT superior or equal to SSFT, respectively. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates similar anthropometric and cephalometric outcomes for CSFT and SSFT. Participants were more reticent to undergo CSFT, with increased willingness if supported by research. CSFT may represent a viable option for expansion of the donor pool in future patients prepared to undergo transplantation.
Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Differentially Modulates Human Dendritic Cell Line (MUTZ) Differentiation and Activation

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae are important human pathogens that infect the urogenital/anorectal and respiratory tracts, respectively. Whilst the ability of these bacteria to infect epithelia is well defined, there is also considerable evidence of infection of leucocytes, including dendritic cells ( DC s). Using a human dendritic cell line ( MUTZ ), we demonstrate that the infection and replication of chlamydiae inside DC s is species and serovar specific and that live infection with C. pneumoniae is required to upregulate costimulatory markers CD 80, CD 83 and human leucocyte antigen ( HLA )‐ DR on MUTZ cells, as well as induce secretion of interleukin ( IL )‐2, IL ‐6, IL ‐8, IL ‐12 (p70), interferon‐gamma and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha Conversely, C. trachomatis serovar D failed to upregulate DC costimulatory markers, but did induce secretion of high concentrations of IL ‐8. Interestingly, we also observed that infection of MUTZ cells with C. pneumoniae or C. trachomatis serovar L2, whilst not replicative, remained infectious and upregulated lymph node migratory marker CCR 7 mRNA . Taken together, these data confirm the findings of other groups using primary DC s and demonstrate the utility of MUTZ cells for further studies of chlamydial infection.
Why Do Evaluative Judgments Affect Emotion Attributions? The Roles of Judgments About Fittingness and the True Self

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Past research has found that the value of a person’s life and activities can affect observers’ judgements about whether that person experiences certain emotions (e.g., people consider morally good agents happier than morally bad agents). One proposed explanation for this effect is that emotion attributions are influenced by judgments about fittingness (whether the emotion is merited). Another hypothesis is that emotion attributions are influenced by judgments about the agent’s true self (whether the emotion reflects how the agent feels “deep down”). We tested these hypotheses in six studies. After finding that people think a wide range of emotions can be fitting and reflect a person’s true self (Study 1), we tested the predictions of these two hypotheses for attributions of happiness, love, sadness, and hatred. We manipulated the emotions’ fittingness (Studies 2a-b and 3) and whether the emotions reflected an agent's true self (Studies 3 and 5), measuring emotion attributions as well as fittingness judgments and true self judgments. The fittingness manipulation only impacted emotion attributions in the cases where it also impacted true self judgments, whereas the true self manipulation impacted emotion attribution in all cases, including those where it did not impact fittingness judgments. These results cast serious doubt on the fittingness hypothesis and offer some support for the true self hypothesis, which could be developed further in future work.
Relationship between anxiety, depression and quality of life in medical student with polycystic ovary syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting 5-10% of women worldwide. It has clinical, hormonal and psychological manifestation like anxiety, depression and low self-esteem. Aim was to evaluate prevalence of anxiety, depression, and quality of life in medical students with PCOS. Objectives were to study the prevalence of anxiety, depression among medical students suffering from PCOS; and to evaluate quality of life (QoL) in students with PCOS and its association with anxiety, depression and quality of life.Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted among 70 medical students at Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, from February 2019 – June 2020. Students were screened and selected as per the Rotterdam’s 2003 criteria after informed consent. Mental health assessment done by using Hamilton depression rating scale for depression, Hamilton anxiety rating scale for anxiety, and using 36-item short form survey for QoL.Results: Twenty five (35.7%) students suffered from anxiety while 20 (28.5%) had depressive disorders. Forty five (64%) patient both anxiety and depression. These students had significant psychological morbidity and poor QoL.Conclusions: Psychological morbidity with PCOS is undertreated and need to be addressed and treated in time so as to turn these students into a responsible happy adult.
Clinicopathological features of malignant lesions of the lower urinary tract

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: bladder cancer is a more common tumor that sometimes the statistics database or media conveyed to us. It ranks ninth concerning cancer diagnoses worldwide and it is reported to be approximately five times more frequent in males than in females. Objective: to describe the clinicopathologic features of malignant lower urinary tract tumors. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study involving a total of 186 patients was conducted. Anatomical and pathological diagnoses were carried out to all patients with malignant lower urinary tract tumor at the Hospital Provincial Clínico Quirúrgico Docente “Saturnino Lora Torres” in Santiago de Cuba, from 2017 throughout 2020. Once the data were collected, they were processed using the SPSS statistical system, version 21.0. Results: most affected patients with lower urinary tract tumor had an average age of 60 to 70, arising most frequently in males. The 96.4 % of the total of the patients were diagnosed with urothelial carcinomas (predominant), described in its papillary variety and the high degree of malignant transformation. Conclusions: malignant lower urinary tract tumors are health problems labeled as the low frequency which differ in their transformation according to the patient. The clinical pathological behavior of the tumor, in a general sense, was similar to that reported in the national and international literature, except for small and pointed differences regarding symptoms, histological diagnosis, and the degree of the lesions´ malignant transformation.
PENGARUH HARGA, CITRA MEREK DAN DIGITAL MARKETING TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA MULIA PRINT

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research aims to examine and analyze the Influence of Price, Brand Image, and Digital Marketing on Purchase Decisions at Mulia Print. The study was conducted at Jl. Mh. Thamrin No. 150A, Banyuwangi, with consumers of Mulia Print as the research sample. The sampling technique employed in this research is probability sampling, with a total of 40 samples. The method used in this study is quantitative, employing the distribution of questionnaires. Data analysis methods include instrument testing, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing, coefficient of determination testing, and classical assumption testing. Based on the analysis results, it was found that the calculated F value is greater than the tabulated F value (38.864 > 2.866), indicating that simultaneously, price (X1), brand image (X2), and digital marketing (X3) collectively influence purchase decisions (Y). In terms of individual variable analysis (t-test), the price variable showed a t value greater than the tabulated t value (4.501 > 2.028), leading to the conclusion that price influences purchase decisions. On the other hand, for the brand image variable, the t value was less than the tabulated t value (2.758 > 2.028), suggesting that brand image influences purchase decisions. Regarding the digital marketing variable, the t value was greater than the tabulated t value (1.926 > 2.028), leading to the conclusion that digital marketing does not significantly influence purchase decisions Key words: Price, Brand Image, Digital Marketing, Purchase Decisions
Vertical and Horizontal Separation in the European Railway Sector: Effects on Productivity

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The processes of vertical and horizontal separation within the railway sector are relatively recent in many European countries, and, as a result, little analytical research has been carried out on their impact. The purpose of this working paper is to analyze the effects of these organizational reforms on efficiency, productivity and technical change in 16 national railway systems in Europe over the period 1985-2004. Results indicate that in general, the reforms appear to have been beneficial, although evidence of significantly higher efficiency levels and greater productivity growth is only found in countries that have completed both vertical and horizontal separation processes.
Studies on the sexuality ofNannizziaI. Heterothallismvsfertile isolates

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Several strains of Nannizzia incurvata, N. cajetani, N. gypsea and N. grubyia were used to investigate the possible mechanisms for the occurrence of fertile strains of heterothallic dermatophytes. It was found that fertile isolates of Nannizzia species can arise not only as an impure form in which + and − strains are accidentally mixed but also through heterokaryotic spores. The means by which the heterokaryons can arise are summarized as follows: (1) formation of heterokaryotic, binucleate ascospores during sexual reproduction; (2) formation of heterokaryotic macroconidia after the fusion of + and − thalli; (3) formation of heterokaryotic macroconidia in a single heterokaryotic ascospore isolate. Results of experimental infections in guinea pig suggested that there is no marked difference in virulence between strains of +, − and fertile (±) types. On a utilisé plusieurs espèces de Nannizzia incurvata, Nannizzia cajetani, N. gypsea et N. grubyia pour étudier les mécanismes possibles expliquant l'apparition d'espèces fertiles chez les dermatophytes hétérothalliques. On a montré que des souches fertiles des espèces du genre Nannizzia peuvent provenir non seulement d'une forme impure, dans laquelle les espèces (+) et (−) sont mêlées accidentellement, mais aussi de spores hétérocaryotiques. Les hétérocaryons peuvent se produire suivant les modes résumés ci-après: (1) formation d'ascospores hétérocaryotiques binucléées lors de la reproduction sexuelle; (2) formation de macroconidies hétérocaryotiques après la fusion des thalles positifs et négatifs; (3) formation de macroconidies hétérocaryotiques dans une souche hétérocaryotique provenant d'une seule ascospore. Les résultats des infections expérimentales pratiquées sur des cobayes indiquent qu'aucune différence notable de virulence n'existe entre les espèces (+), (−) et les types fertiles (±).
WINDII thermosphere temperature perturbation for magnetically active situations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Oxygen red line data obtained by the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) on board the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) between 1992 and 1995 are used to retrieve thermosphere temperature perturbation associated with magnetic activity. Using a statistical approach, we found maximum temperature perturbations of ∼300 K at auroral latitudes. We show that the use of longitude sector magnetic indices allows a better characterization of the perturbation than the usual planetary indices. The magnetic activity dependence in the MSIS‐90 and DTM94 empirical models is qualitatively in excellent agreement with our results. However, empirical temperature perturbations are underestimated by ∼70%.
Teratura (Stenoteratura) kryzhanovskii Bey-Bienko 1957

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

11. Teratura (Stenoteratura) kryzhanovskii (Bey-Bienko, 1957) Xiphidiopsis (Stenoteratura) kryzhanovskii Bei-Bienko. 1957. Ent. Obozr. 36: 409, 416. (Type: Ƥ) Teratura (Stenoteratura) kryzhanovskii Gorochov. 1993. Zoosyst. Rossica, 2(1): 71; Eades & Otte. 2010. Orthoptera Species File Online. Version 2.0/3.5. (Type: Ƥ) Material examined. not seen specimens. Distribution. China (Xizang, Yunnan)
Figure S9 from The Glucocorticoid Receptor Is a Key Player for Prostate Cancer Cell Survival and a Target for Improved Antiandrogen Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>(A) Western blot analysis of GR and AR protein expression in different passages of long-term vehicle-ctrl treated LNCaPabl cells before and during (>10 mo) cultivation in the presence of EtOH.</p>
Physico-chemical characteristics of aquatic sediments and their nutrient flux in two tropical reservoirs

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The role of an aquatic sediment as a source of nutrients contributing to eutrophication problems has drawn great attention. However, little work has been done and reported on tropical waterbodies. The objectives of this research are to study the physico-chemical characteristics of overlying waters and aquatic sediments in two existing reservoirs in the tropical environment of Singapore and to study the nutrient flux of aquatic sediments under controlled aerobic, anoxic and varying pH conditions.
The Distribution of Wealth

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

If one were to have read all Clark's articles prior to 1899, one would find Distribution somewhat anti-climactic. The 'big book' which most economists associate with Clark's entry into the top rank of economists of the time is largely a restatement of his argument as developed over the previous decade. Chapters 7 through 10 (the heart of the work) are drawn directly from his 'Capital and Its Earnings' (1888) and 'Possibility of a Scientific Law of Wages' (1889), while 'Distribution as Determined by a Law of Rent' (1891) and 'A Universal Law of Economic Variation' (1894) comprise the essence of Chapters 12 through 14. Indeed, some of the content is traceable to The Philosophy of Wealth period: Chapter 20 is a re-worked version of Chapters 7 and 8 of that work, and these were derived from articles written in 1883.
Monitoring of respiratory tract infection bacteria in ICU and analysis of its risk factors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To monitor the multiple drugs resistance(MDR) bacteria in ICU and to analyze the risk factors for MDR bacteria infection.Methods 137 strains of bacteria,which were isolated from patients confirmed with respiratory tract infection,were analyzed by KB drug sensitive test to observe their drug resistance.Results The main infective bacteria in our hospital was Gram-negative bacteria,which showed different degrees of drug resistance.The high risk factors of MDR strain infection were age,duration of hospital stay,hospitalized times,history of COPD,tracheotomy,central venous catheters,use of antibiotics,and gastric intubation.Conclusion Gram negative bacteria is the main infective bacteria in ICU in our hospital.It is very important for respiratory tract infection reduction to detect MDR and pay attention to the risk factors of MDR strain infection.
Agent Causation Done Right

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter defends the claim that the most metaphysically basic causal locutions are of the form “X caused Y to Z by Ving,” where terms for things (not events) go in for “X” and “Y.” Claims of this form are called agent-causal claims, since if X caused Y to Z by Ving, then in Ving X did something, so X was an agent. Agent-causal claims are more basic than event-causal claims, claims of the form “C caused E” where terms for events go in for “C” and “E.” Among the arguments given that agent-causal claims are more basic is the argument that if agent-causal claims are more basic then there is an explanation of why events but not states can be causes.