jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Changes in Reactive Oxygen Species in the Shoot Apex Contribute to Stem Cell Death in Arabidopsis thaliana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In monocarpic plants, stem cells are fated to die. However, the potential mechanism of stem cell death has remained elusive. Here, we reveal that the levels of two forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion free radical (O2·−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), show dynamic changes in the shoot apex during the plant life cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the level of O2·− decreased and disappeared at four weeks after bolting (WAB), while H2O2 appeared at 3 WAB and showed a burst at 5 WAB. The timing of dynamic changes in O2·− and H2O2 was delayed for approximately three weeks in clv3-2, which has a longer lifespan. Moreover, exogenous application of H2O2 inhibited the expression of the stem cell determinant WUSCHEL (WUS) and promoted the expression of the developmentally programmed cell death (dPCD) marker gene ORESARA 1 (ORE1). These results indicate that H2O2 triggers an important signal inducing dPCD in stem cells. Given that O2·− plays roles in maintaining WUS expression and stem cell activity, we speculate that the dynamic shift from O2·− to H2O2 in the shoot apex results in stem cell death. Our findings provide novel insights for understanding ROS-mediated regulation during plant stem cell death.
Alveolar Backing in 3-Year-Old Children With and Without Repaired Cleft Palate: Preliminary Findings Related to Cleft Type and History of Otitis Media

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine if cleft type and/or history of otitis media with effusion (OM) contribute to backing of /t/ and/or /s/ in young children with and without repaired cleft palate (CP). Method: Participants were 39 children ( M age = 36 months, range: 34–41). Ten children had repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP), nine had repaired CP only, 12 had no clefts but histories of OM, and eight were typically developing (TD) without clefts or OM history. All children were video- and audio-recorded during administration of the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation–Third Edition (GFTA-3). Standard scores of articulation, frequency of alveolar backing, and first spectral moments of the /t/−/k/ and /s/−/ʃ/ phonetic contrasts were obtained. Results: Children with CLP had lower GFTA-3 scores than both TD ( p = .012) and OM ( p = .001) groups. Fisher's exact test showed that significantly more children with CLP backed alveolar targets, mostly /s/, than children with CP ( p = .020). Children with CLP also had (a) reduced /t/−/k/ spectral difference compared to TD children ( p = .016) and (b) reduced /s/−/ʃ/ spectral difference compared to both children with CP ( p = .010) and children with OM ( p = .018). Children with OM had reduced /t/−/k/ spectral difference compared to TD children ( p = .009). Conclusions: Cleft type contributes to alveolar backing and reduced spectral contrast of /s/−/ʃ/ in 3-year-old children with repaired CP. History of OM affects spectral contrast of /t/−/k/ in noncleft children. Etiology and clinical implications of alveolar backing are discussed.
Logic and Reality: Essays on the Legacy of Arthur Prior

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A N Prior has a special place in the history of postwar philosophy for his highly original work at the intersection of logic and metaphysics. His logical innovations have found many applications in the areas of philosophical logic, mathematics, linguistics, and, increasingly, computer science. In addition, he made seminal contributions to debates in metaphysics, particularly on modality and the nature of time. This volume presents a selection of current research in the areas that were of most interest to Prior: temporal and tense logic, modal logic, proof theory, quantification and individuation, and the logic of agency. Both title and contents reflect Prior's view that logic is 'about the real world', and the orientation of the volume is towards the application of logic, in philosophy, computer science, and elsewhere. Following Prior, modal syntax is now widely applied to the formalization of a variety of subject matters, and tense logic has found numerous applications in computing, for example in natural language processing, logical deduction involving time-dependent data, program-verification, and VLSI. A special feature of the volume is the inclusion of three hitherto unpublished pieces by Prior on modal logic and the philosophy of time, along with a complete bibliography of Prior's published philosophical writings.
Recurrence Free Survival and Patterns of Recurrence in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: An Institutional Perspective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine recurrence-free survival, patterns of loco-regional and systemic recurrence in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods: We conducted a retrospective Study at the Department of Oncology in a tertiary care Hospital, Karachi Pakistan from January 2013 to December 2019. We studied the sample size of 67 adults of 18 to 70 years of age, diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and treated primarily with curative intent. All patients received complete treatment for the primary disease in our institution and data was extracted retrospectively from the hospital's medical record. Records were reviewed for recurrence of disease and patterns of loco regional and systemic recurrence. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. Results: Out of 67 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 65 patients (97%) had a complete clinical and radiological response on the follow up scans performed at three months after the completion of curative treatment. However 2 (3%) patients had disease recurrence/residual disease on first follow up scan. Subsequent follow ups showed cancer recurrence was observed in 60 (89.5%) patients, out of which 10 (14.9%) had loco regional while 7 (10.5 %) had systemic only recurrence. Most of the patients (n= 43; 64.1%) had systemic as well loco regional recurrences. The most frequent site of distant metastasis was the liver (66 %). The median recurrence free survival was 09 months (IQR= 8, 15). Conclusion: This retrospective analysis highlights the patterns of recurrence after curative treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and indicates high recurrence rates which is expected for an aggressive disease like pancreatic carcinoma. By better understanding the patterns of recurrence, it can help in identifying subsets of patients with high risk of recurrence as well as in managing such patients more effectively. Keywords: Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, clinical outcomes, recurrence, metastasis, progression- free survival.
Transient Plasma Induced Production of OH and its Effects on Ignition in Atmospheric CH4-Air Quiescent Mixtures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : Transient plasma from a 60 kV, 70 ns pulse induced OH production in air and CH4/air quiescent mixtures inside a cylindrical chamber is analyzed. The resulting OH from the plasma discharge, ignition, and subsequent combustion is analyzed using planar laser induced fluorescence. A high-framing-rate camera was also used to image ignition and flame propagation in the chamber, providing spatial and temporal resolution over the entire combustion event. Results indicate OH structures produced during the discharge in humid, ambient air are less branched, thicker, and last longer when compared to structures in CH4/dry-air. Transient plasma successfully ignited the CH4/air mixture, populating the discharge volume with radicals. Mean OH number densities produced by the discharge were found to decay within 100 s of the plasma. Ignition under these conditions was found to occur approximately 1 ms after the discharge along the anode, creating multiple ignition kernels whose proximity to the anode is consistent with the region of highest field and, thus, maximum radical density.
Phylogenetic aspects of Palaeontology ‐ XXXV Session of the USSR Palaeontological Society

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

LethaiaVolume 22, Issue 4 p. 393-394 Phylogenetic aspects of Palaeontology - XXXV Session of the USSR Palaeontological Society V. A. KRASSILOV, V. A. KRASSILOV Institute of Biology and Pedology. 690022 Vladiuostok 22, USSRSearch for more papers by this author V. A. KRASSILOV, V. A. KRASSILOV Institute of Biology and Pedology. 690022 Vladiuostok 22, USSRSearch for more papers by this author First published: October 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1989.tb01440.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume22, Issue4October 1989Pages 393-394 RelatedInformation
Medical Gross Anatomy for Large Classes in a ‘Flipped’ Classroom.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Traditional Medical Gross Anatomy courses are under considerable pressure to incorporate active learning tools while delivering clinically‐relevant material to large classes in a truncated schedule. Toward those goals, we have devised a course for 215 medical students that examines the basic regions of the body in 24 dissection sessions in a ‘flipped’ classroom format while involving longitudinal exercises and directly incorporating basic Radiology and Pathology. Prior to each laboratory session, students are required to view a ~30 minute custom‐made video introducing the basic anatomy of the exercise that also demonstrates the actual dissection steps. Following the 3‐hour dissection exercise, a faculty presentation extends the anatomical and functional information as well as introduces the clinical relevance of structures or region just examined. Each exercise culminates with a non‐graded self‐assessment quiz. In addition, a CT scan of each cadaver (n=32) and standard path reports for submitted tissue samples provide the students with additional structural and clinical insights into their cadaver. Observations obtained in these sequential exercises are archived in a daily dissection‐group log. A final, grand‐rounds style group presentation synthesizes the longitudinally‐obtained observations into a plausible clinical scenario consistent with a significant health deficit and/or cause of death. The effectiveness of the new curriculum will be evaluated by comparing board scores with those from classes prior to the curriculum change (data not yet available).
Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptides expose novel collagen receptors on fibroblasts: implications for wound healing.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Integrins are a family of cell-surface receptors intimately involved in the interactions of cells with their extracellular matrix. These receptors comprise an alpha and beta subunit in noncovalent association and many have been shown to recognize and bind an arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) sequence contained within their specific extracellular matrix ligand. Fibroblasts express integrin receptors belonging to two major subfamilies. Some of the members within the subfamily defined by beta 1 (VLA) are receptors for collagen but, perhaps surprisingly, the other major subfamily of integrins on fibroblasts--that defined by the alpha chain of the vitronectin receptor, alpha v--all appear to bind primarily vitronectin and/or fibronectin. In the present study we show that RGD-containing peptides expose cryptic binding sites on the alpha v-associated integrins enabling them to function as collagen receptors. The addition of RGD-containing peptides to fibroblasts cultured on type I collagen induced dramatic cell elongation and, when the cells were contained within collagen matrices, the peptides induced marked contraction of the gels. These processes were inhibited by Fab fragments of a monoclonal antibody against an alpha v integrin. Also, alpha v-associated integrins from cell lysates bound to collagen I affinity columns in the presence, but not in the absence, of RGD-containing peptides. These data suggest a novel regulatory control for integrin function. In addition, because the cryptic collagen receptors were shown to be implicated in the contraction of collagen gels, the generation of such binding forces suggests that this may be the major biological role for these integrins in processes such as wound healing.
Medico-demographic situation in prisons of Volga federal district in the period of the penal system reforming

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aim. To assess tendency in medico-demographic indicators of persons held in prisons of Volga Federal District in the period of the penal system modern reforming (2006-2014).Methods. Assessment of the studied contingent quantitative and qualitative medico-demographic indicators dynamics, the most relevant for the prisons for the 2006-2014. Forecasting of studied indicators for the period up to 2017 was conducted. Intensive and extensive indicators calculation and their dynamic comparison were performed.Results. Changes of demographic indicators for the 2006-2014 period involve the total number of prisoners reduction, the proportion of women increase and the proportion of teenagers decrease, reduction the punishment serving duration, migration processes intensification. The studied contingent, which was held in the prisons of the Volga Federal District, in the vast majority (91.0%) was presented by male persons. The mean age of convicted is 30.9 years. The mean term of punishment in prisons is 7.6 years. During the 2006-2014, the constant tendency of the studied contingent mortality increase due to the continuing increase in the number of patients with socially significant diseases amid decrease of the total number of persons held in prisons was registered. In 2014, the mortality rate was 7.1‰, which is 36.5% higher than in 2006 (5.2‰). The leading causes of death were infectious and parasitic diseases (37.1%). Studied medico-demographic indicators changes had significant regional features.Conclusion. Revealed significant changes in the medico-demographic indicators of studied contingent, definitely affecting the penalty system medical service activity, dictate the necessity of considering them when adopting the strategy of medical care organization in prisons.
Ancient genomics in Anatolia: challenges and opportunities

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The increasing availability of ancient genomes has been accelerating studies in a number of fields, including human history, molecular evolution, and conservation biology. The METU/Hacettepe Ancient DNA Group has been contributing to these endeavors by producing and analyzing ancient DNA data from archaeological human and animal remains of Anatolian origin, from the last 10,000 years. However, the temperate climate conditions across most parts of Anatolia drive rapid DNA degradation, and most biological material examined harbor only trace amounts of endogenous DNA (median <1% of shotgun sequenced molecules). Hence, the genomes produced are typically only partial (median <0.1x coverage). In this talk, I will discuss different computational approaches to overcome the limitations posed by extremely low coverage data. I will further share examples of new genetic-based insights into Anatolian human societies from 10,000 years ago, including their regional movements and social traditions.
Temperature-dependent development of the predator, Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Pergande) (Thysanoptera:Thripidae).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The temperature is an important factor that affects the efficacy of biological control agents. Effect of the temperature on life table, parameters of Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), the predator of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) was studied under laboratory conditions at three constant temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C). These experiments were conducted at the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus countryside, Syria. The durations of development of egg, 1 st and2 nd larval instars, pupa, and adult at the three tested constant temperatures were measured. The total developmental period from egg to adult’s emergence was estimated by 23.2, 13.3 and 10.8 days, respectively. The developmental period decreased significantly with increasing the temperature from 20 to 30°C. Survival rate was the highest at temperature (30°C) in comparison with the other temperatures (20 and 25°C). Egg stage of S. sexmaculatus showed highest mortality levels at all temperatures. Generation period, as well as the ovipositional period decreased significantly at the temperatures ranged from 25.1 to 11.54 days, 52.8 to 41.2 days between the two temperature extremes, respectively. The maximum total fecundity (229.3 eggs/ female) and the minimum (94.1 eggs/female) were recorded at 30 and 20°C, respectively. The mean number of fertile eggs, laid per female per day, was highest at 30◦C (4.9 eggs) and lowest (2.7 eggs) at 20◦C. Thermal requirements for developmental thresholds and thermal constant of S. sexmaculatus were estimated as 10.8°C and 200 degree-days (DD), using the common linear model. 30°C was the optimum temperature for development. The results showed that the population of S. sexmaculatus was able to develop at a broad range of temperatures; therefore it is well adapted to the temperatures of the Mediterranean region.
Fundamental Delay Bounds in Peer-to-Peer Chunk-based Real-time Streaming Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract—This paper addresses the following foundational question: what is the maximum theoretical delay performance achievable by an overlay peer-to-peer streaming system where the streamed content is subdivided into chunks? As shown in this paper, when posed for chunk-based systems, and as a consequence of the store-and-forward way in which chunks are delivered across the network, this question has a fundamentally different answer with respect to the case of systems where the streamed content is distributed through one or more flows (sub-streams). To circumvent the complexity emerging when directly dealing with delay, we express performance in term of a convenient metric, called “stream diffusion metric”. We show that it is directly related to the end-to-end minimum delay achievable in a P2P streaming network. In an homogeneous scenario, we derive a performance bound for such metric, and we show how this bound relates to two fundamental parameters: the upload bandwidth available at each node, and the number of neighbors a node may deliver chunks to. In this bound, n-step Fibonacci sequences do emerge, and appear to set the fundamental laws that characterize the optimal operation of chunk-based systems. A further technical contribution of the paper is an advance in the theory of n-step Fibonacci sums for which a prior reference result was missing. 1 I.
‘Schedula diversarum artium’: A Community Sourcebook for the Customary Production of Liturgical Objects in the Benedictine Workshop of the Early Twefth Century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

'Schedula diversarum artium': A Community Sourcebook for the Customary Production of Liturgical Objects in the Benedictine Workshop of the Early Twefth Century was published in Zwischen Kunsthandwerk und Kunst: Die 'Schedula diversarum artium' on page 381.
Designing a Framework for “Iranian Pay for Performance” Program for Non-Medical Workforce in Hospitals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Various pay for performance (PFP) models have been used for different purposes in many countries. The present study aimed to investigate the general framework and feasibility of the PFP program that was implemented in Iran (IR-PFP). Methods: In 2016, a document analysis was performed to achieve the original framework, and to evaluate its validity with the help of 2 expert panels, and both phases were managed using a four-stage Hermeneutic cycle. Results: The results of reviewing the documentation revealed that the framework required some prerequisites and determining the PFP of the department and individuals. The expert panels confirmed these 3 components, however, a fourth component namely determining the payment time was added to the model. In addition, the status of the key factors in the design and implementation of the program was reported. Conclusions: The model prerequisites proved helpful in considering the work diversity in hospitals. Furthermore, determining the PFP in 2 stages allowed the inclusion of more indicators in the structure of the program, however, it seems that determining the payment time in 3 months has not been practical for the Iranian health system. The framework has some instruments to strengthen teamwork and decentralize the human resources control and performance measurement in hospitals, however, hospital managers should always be careful about the unwanted side effects.
CATSE: A Context-Aware Framework for Causal Target Sound Extraction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Target Sound Extraction (TSE) focuses on the problem of separating sources of interest, indicated by a user's cue, from the input mixture. Most existing solutions operate in an offline fashion and are not suited to the low-latency causal processing constraints imposed by applications in live-streamed content such as augmented hearing. We introduce a family of context-aware low-latency causal TSE models suitable for real-time processing. First, we explore the utility of context by providing the TSE model with oracle information about what sound classes make up the input mixture, where the objective of the model is to extract one or more sources of interest indicated by the user. Since the practical applications of oracle models are limited due to their assumptions, we introduce a composite multi-task training objective involving separation and classification losses. Our evaluation involving single- and multi-source extraction shows the benefit of using context information in the model either by means of providing full context or via the proposed multi-task training loss without the need for full context information. Specifically, we show that our proposed model outperforms size- and latency-matched Waveformer, a state-of-the-art model for real-time TSE.
Crude Oil Biodegradation by a Soil IndigenousBacillussp. Isolated from Lavan Island

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The application of microorganisms for removing crude oil pollution from contaminated sites as a type of bioremediation has long been a matter of study in scientific communities. In this study, 35 morphologically different spore-forming Bacilli were isolated from an oil-contaminated soil in Lavan Island. The objective of this study was to investigate the oil-biodegrading ability of these indigenous bacilli. Therefore, their biosurfactant production, using Du Neuy ring, and the crude oil aliphatic and aromatic content alteration after bacterial treatment, respectively, using gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, were studied. An isolate with high endurance of a wide range of temperature and pH and optimized growth at 30°C and pH 6.8 that could reduce the surface tension from 60 to 40 mN/m and cause the most alteration in aliphatic and aromatic content of crude oil was selected. Using biochemical and molecular analyses of 16SrRNA, this suitable bacterium for oil biodegradation was characterized as Bacillus cereus sp. 4.