jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing pre-linguistic communication in young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Children with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities (PIMD) experience profound impairments in communication, remaining pre-linguistic communicators across their lifespan. Whilst the majority will receive speech and language therapy (SLT) input, shortcomings in current approaches to SLT assessment for this group have been identified by existing research and were further explored through a survey study carried out for this thesis. These included a lack of agreement around which prelinguistic skills might be significant and a reliance on indirect methods of information gathering. In response to these issues, this thesis explored the use of structured sampling techniques to measure behaviours relating to joint attention (JA) in children with PIMD and addressed the following questions. 1) What patterns of JA behaviour are demonstrated by young people with PIMD? 2) Are these patterns of behaviour affected by the ability to fix and shift gaze? 3) Are structured probes an effective means of eliciting information about JA behaviours? A continuum of behaviours underpinning JA was derived from the developmental literature. Structured probes were devised to elicit these behaviours and were administered to seventeen participants with PIMD aged 4-16 on three separate occasions. Since target behaviours involved gaze fixation and gaze shifting between objects and people, a novel measure of these functional vision skills was also administered. Performance on the probes was compared to performance in less structured settings. Results indicated that young people with PIMD can be differentiated by the profiles of JA behaviours they demonstrate. These profiles were significantly correlated with their functional vision abilities but were not associatednot associated with background measures of cognitive and motor skills or with scores on the Communication Matrix (Rowland, 2004). Structured probes were an effective means of assessing JA behaviours, providing a controlled environment and multiple opportunities for participants to demonstrate capacity which was not always revealed by alternative means of information gathering. Findings of this thesis suggest that current approaches to communication assessment for people with PIMD might be enhanced by the increased use of structured sampling and a shared focus on behaviours relating to joint attention.
Origin and Growth of Early English Dramas from the Pre-Dramatic Stage to the Advent of Christopher Marlowe

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Before the rise of proper drama in English literature people entertain one another through mimicry and make beliefs.The Church had objections to dramatic performances at first.Eventually and ironically that very Church became the great force to bring into existence proper dramas, in the precincts of the Church.Then we find minstrels entertaining people and village festivals and folk-plays also contributed to the growth of drama.Lastly, town-guilds took over the representation of plays and the large number of people took interest in such plays and their knowledge about basic things in their life consequently increased. .
Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Vegetation Cover on Erosion Characteristics of a Soil Containing Rock Fragments Slope

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Rainfall events coupled with shallow and gravelly sloping farmland have led to serious soil erosion and associated problems in the Three Gorges reservoir. Previous studies have shown that the use of vegetation is an effective way to control soil erosion. Therefore, an artificial, simulated rainfall experiment study is conducted to determine the effect of rainfall intensity and vegetation cover on runoff volume, sediment load, and runoff hydraulics characteristics. The experiment consists of seven vegetation treatments subjected to three rainfall intensities on a soil that contains rock fragments on a slope of 30°. The results indicate that the runoff volume and sediment load of the bare plot were greater than those of vegetation‐covered plots under three different rainfall intensities. When Cynodon dactylon and Indigofera amblyantha were applied together, the plot displayed the best performance for soil loss control, with a reduction of 87.88%–99.11%. According to a redundancy analysis, the change in rainfall intensity had the least impact on the Reynolds number and the runoff volume of the herb‐shrub mixed plot in this study. These findings suggest that the effect of combining Cynodon dactylon and Indigofera amblyantha and increasing the vegetation coverage is an effective solution for soil and water loss conservation. The application of this method can alleviate environmental stress on the Three Gorges reservoir.
The Association of Gender and Body Mass Index on the Values of Static and Dynamic Balance of University Students (A Cross-Sectional Design Study)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The balance of the body conditions the quality and efficiency of the movements in daily and sports activities, its impairment generating problems in the manifestation of motor skills for all age groups. The aim of this study is to analyze how the gender and BMI values of university students influence the results of the static and dynamic balance tests applied. The investigated group consists of 195 undergraduate students, from various specializations of the Dunărea de Jos University in Galați (99 males and 96 females, ages = 20.16 ± 1.98, BMI = 24.15 ± 5.68). The independent variables gender and BMI levels (underweight, normal weight and overweight/obese) were defined. The participants were evaluated in May 2019 using a series of 7 tests: one leg standing test with eyes closed, stork test, flamingo test, Bass test, functional reach test, walk and turn field sobriety test and Fukuda test. The results provided using multivariate analysis (MANOVA) indicate balanced performance for the gender variable, but with significantly better values for women in the one leg standing test, flamingo test and functional reach test (F values are associated with thresholds p < 0.05). Men obtain slightly better, but statistically insignificant (p > 0.05), performances on the stork test, Bass test and Fukuda test. The BMI step comparison confirms the difficulties of the overweight group in assessing balance, with the lowest scores in maintaining static positions and the most errors in dynamic balance tests, with significant differences from normal and underweight in most tests (p < 0.05). An interesting aspect is the slightly superior performance of the underweight compared to the normal weight group, for the one leg standing test, flamingo test and walk and turn field sobriety test. The analysis of Spearman correlation coefficients indicates a number of significant associations between elevated BMI values and decreased performance on balance tests.
Creep Life Prediction for Hastelloy XR Using the Omega Method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper applies the Omega method to creep life prediction for Hastelloy XR at temperatures ranging from 850 to 950 o C in an air environment.The creep data were obtained from literature.Three life prediction scenarios were studied including constant stress, constant load, and continuous monitoring where creep data is simulated for sequential acquisition.The constant stress creep data at each temperature were used to determine the Omega model parameters, and empirical equations for each parameter were developed.The predicted creep lives under constant stress were within a factor of 2 in almost all cases.For a life prediction under constant load, the actual applied stress was estimated and used in the creep constitutive equation as well as for calculating the model parameters.The predicted creep lives were also to be within a factor of 2 in almost all cases.The Omega model was found to be applicable to a continuous creep data acquisition scenario as well.An appropriate scheme for continuous monitoring scenario was suggested, and statistical analysis by the Monte Carlo simulation was demonstrated.
Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The structure, function and reactions of nucleic acids are central to molecular biology and are crucial for the understanding of complex biological processes involved. Revised and updated Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology 3rd Edition discusses in detail, both the chemistry and biology of nucleic acids and brings RNA into parity with DNA. Written by leading experts, with extensive teaching experience, this new edition provides some updated and expanded coverage of nucleic acid chemistry, reactions and interactions with proteins and drugs. A brief history of the discovery of nucleic acids is followed by a molecularly based introduction to the structure and biological roles of DNA and RNA. Key chapters are devoted to the chemical synthesis of nucleosides and nucleotides, oligonucleotides and their analogues and to analytical techniques applied to nucleic acids. The text is supported by an extensive list of references, making it a definitive reference source. This authoritative book presents topics in an integrated manner and readable style. It is ideal for graduate and undergraduates students of chemistry and biochemistry, as well as new researchers to the field.
Impact of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitors on human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) has been established as one of the most promising targets for molecular anticancer intervention. In fact, various Plk1 inhibitors have been identified and characterized. While the data derived from the bench are prospective, the clinical outcomes are less encouraging by showing modest efficacy. One of the explanations for this discrepancy could be unintendedly targeting of non-malignant cells by Plk1 inhibitors. In this work, we have addressed the effect of Plk1 inhibition in adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). We show that both visceral and subcutaneous ASCs display monopolar spindles, reduced viability and strong apoptosis induction upon treatment with BI 2536 and BI 6727, the Plk1 kinase domain inhibitors, and with Poloxin, the regulatory Polo-box domain inhibitor. While Poloxin triggers quickly apoptosis, BI 2536 and BI 6727 result in mitotic arrest in ASCs. Importantly, survived ASCs exhibit DNA damage and a pronounced senescent phenotype. In addition, Plk1 inhibition impairs ASCs' motility and homing ability. These results show that Plk1 inhibitors target slowly proliferating ASCs, an important population of anti-inflammation and immune modulation. The toxic effects on primary cells like ASCs could be partially responsible for the reported moderate antitumor activity in patients treated with Plk1 inhibitors.
Corporal Punishment of Children in Nine Countries as a Function of Child Gender and Parent Gender

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background . The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a global perspective on corporal punishment by examining differences between mothers' and fathers' use of corporal punishment with daughters and sons in nine countries. Methods . Interviews were conducted with 1398 mothers, 1146 fathers, and 1417 children (age range=7to 10 years) in China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States. Results . Across the entire sample, 54% of girls and 58% of boys had experienced mild corporal punishment, and 13% of girls and 14% of boys had experienced severe corporal punishment by their parents or someone in their household in the last month. Seventeen percent of parents believed that the use of corporal punishment was necessary to rear the target child. Overall, boys were more frequently punished corporally than were girls, and mothers used corporal punishment more frequently than did fathers. There were significant differences across countries, with reports of corporal punishment use lowest in Sweden and highest in Kenya. Conclusion . This work establishes that the use of corporal punishment is widespread, and efforts to prevent corporal punishment from escalating into physical abuse should be commensurately widespread.
Development of a sub-mm particle tracking detector based on a plastic scintillator with SiPM charge sharing

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper presents the development and performance of the particle tracker employing a 3×3 cm 2 plastic scintillator tile with sixteen 4×4 mm 2 SiPMs coupled to one of its faces. The light distribution inside the scintillator allows to reconstruct the hit position using charge information of all the SiPMs. Performance tests were conducted at the Frascati National Laboratory Beam Test Facility (LNF-BTF) using a 450 MeV electron beam. The device showed MIP-counting capabilities, high efficiency (96%), good timing (170 ps) and sub-mm resolution in the x - y coordinates.
A controlled clinical study on the effect of PVEP-CD comprehensive therapy for children amblyopia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of the PVEP-CD comprehensive therapy \〖a multimedia visual training system uses the individualized PVEP(pattern visual evoked potential)sensitive spatial frequency parameters\〗 in children with amblyopia by comparing the differences in visual acuity and stereo acuity enhancement between the PVEP-CD comprehensive therapy and traditional therapy. METHODS: A total of 38 children(54 eyes)with amblyopia who were treated in our hospital from April 2018 to January 2019 were randomly divided into two groups. Traditional therapy group(19 cases, 27 eyes; therapeutic methods contain refractive correction, patching/optical or drug suppress and precision eyesight training); PVEP-CD comprehensive therapy group(19 cases, 27 eyes; therapeutic methods contain refractive correction, patching/optical or drug suppress and a multimedia visual training using the individualized P-VEP sensitive spatial frequency parameters). To study the clinic therapeutic effect, the best distance corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and near stereo acuity were measured at the enrollment visit and the final visit after 6mo treatment. RESULTS: After 6mo treatment, both groups had an apparent BCVA improvement(both therapy effective rate≥85%). PVEP-CD comprehensive therapy group were significantly better than traditional therapy group in BCVA lines improvement \〖3(2, 3)lines\〗, near stereo acuity therapy effective rate(89%)and near stereo acuity level improvement \〖2(1, 4)levels\〗(all P<0.05). In amblyopic children older than 6y, PVEP-CD comprehensive therapy group showed a significantly greater BCVA lines improvement(P=0.018). In mild amblyopia cases, PVEP-CD comprehensive therapy group showed a significantly better clinical efficacy in near stereo acuity(P=0.048)and greater improvement in near stereo acuity level(P=0.029). In moderate amblyopia cases,the BCVA lines improvement(P=0.003)was significantly greater in PVEP-CD comprehensive therapy group. CONCLUSION:Both PVEP-CD comprehensive and traditional therapy can improve the BCVA in children with amblyopia and have a good clinical efficacy. Furthermore, the PVEP-CD comprehensive therapy could improve the BCVA and near stereo acuity level more obviously and help amblyopic children get a better binocular vision.
Key Issues in Addressing Trafficking in Women and Children in Nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: Human trafficking, particularly involving women and children, remains a pervasive and deeply rooted issue in Nigeria. Despite existing laws and interventions, systemic weaknesses continue to hinder effective responses to trafficking. Objective: This study examines the key socio-economic, legal, and institutional challenges that impede efforts to combat human trafficking in Nigeria, with a focus on women and children. Method: A qualitative research approach was adopted, utilizing document analysis. Data were drawn from policy documents, official reports, and academic literature. Sources included government agencies, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations. The data were analyzed using a thematic review framework to ensure depth and integrity. Result: The study found that corruption, official complicity, and poor law enforcement are major obstacles to anti-trafficking initiatives. Other contributing factors include inadequate victim support systems, social stigma, cultural barriers, legal loopholes, and weak border control. Socioeconomic drivers such as poverty and unemployment further increase vulnerability to trafficking. Additionally, the misuse of technology has facilitated more complex trafficking networks, while limited international cooperation and insufficient funding continue to undermine progress. Conclusion: Combating human trafficking in Nigeria requires comprehensive legal reform, stronger institutional accountability, enhanced support for victims, robust public awareness campaigns, and greater international collaboration. A coordinated and sustainable national strategy is essential to address the multifaceted nature of the problem. Contribution: This study offers critical insights into the structural and systemic drivers of human trafficking in Nigeria and provides practical policy recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of anti-trafficking efforts at both national and international levels.
Confinement of dilute solutions of living polymers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the thermodynamic properties of a dilute solution of living polymers confined between two solid repulsive walls. We consider both the case of rigid and of flexible macromolecules. When the confined system is taken to be at equilibrium with an external reservoir the living polymers behave similarly to a polydisperse solution of unbreakable chains. However for closed gaps the behaviour is quite different from a classical polymer solution because the worm-like micelles can adapt their intrinsic polydispersity in order to release the confinement constraint. In particular, for rigid living polymers this leads to a divergence of the average chain-length in the limit of strong confinement, as well as to a non-monotonic behaviour of the pressure acting on the walls.
Calculation of travel time savings by dual mode route guidance for the South corridor in the Stuttgart test field

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The dual mode route guidance system (DMRG), as a combination of the autonomous route guidance system and infrastructure supported dynamic guidance system, is tested with respect to functionality and feasibility in Stuttgart, Germany. For the calculation of the travel time savings in order to assess the system, the Southern corridor of Stuttgart is investigated. The approach images all relevant traffic issues and discriminates groups of drivers in dependence of familiarity with the area and equipment rate. The calculation was carried out with a macroscopic assignment model. On an inbound two-lane carriageway, an incident was simulated which affected the complete flow bundle passing the erected bottleneck. Depending on the equipment rate, 20-50% travel time savings were achieved. Similar calculations were carried out for a big evening event in a downtown stadium and "Octoberfest" area attracting 10,000 additional vehicles which resulted in a travel time increase quantified in dependence of the equipment rate.
Protein profile of cow milk from multibreed herds and its relationship with milk coagulation properties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aims of this study were to estimate the effect of cow breed on milk protein profile, and to assess the relationship between protein profile and milk coagulation properties (MCP) predicted with mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS). The dataset included 173,841 test-day observations of 12,533 specialised (Holstein-Friesian [HF] and Brown Swiss [BS]) and dual-purpose cows (Simmental [SI] and Alpine Grey) sampled in 488 multi-breed herds. Fixed effects considered in the mixed model were breed, month of sampling, parity class, stage of lactation, and first-order interactions and random effects were cow nested within breed, herd and the residual. BS had the greatest casein (CN) fractions content and SI the greatest whey fractions content. A lesser clear pattern was observed when considering the proportion of protein fractions. Longer rennet coagulation, longer curd-firming time and firmer curd were observed for Alpine Grey, HF and BS, respectively. Regarding the index of milk aptitude to coagulate (IAC), BS and SI had the greatest value and HF and Alpine Grey (AG) the lowest one. Weak relationships were estimated between protein fractions and MCP. For whey proteins, all the analysed traits were optimised at β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) concentrations next to the maximum of the physiological range and at α-lactalbumin (α-LA) concentrations at the minimum level. For CNs, all the analysed traits were optimised at α-CN and β-CN concentrations closer to the minimum level and at κ-CN concentration at intermediate levels. Results highlighted the lower efficiency of HF milk for cheese manufacturing compared to the other breeds.Highlights Breed, month of sampling, parity order, stage of lactation and their interactions were important to explain the variability of milk protein fractions and coagulation traits. Brown Swiss (BS) had the greatest casein (CN) fractions content and Simmental (SI) the greatest whey fractions content. Longer rennet coagulation was observed for Alpine Grey, whereas firmer curd was observed for BS. Coagulation properties were optimised in milk with low concentration of α-CN and β-CN and for intermediate levels of κ-casein.
Peroxisomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Immunofluorescence Analysis and Import of Catalase A into Isolated Peroxisomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To isolate peroxisomes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a quality sufficient for in vitro import studies, we optimized the conditions for cell growth and for cell fractionation. Stability of the isolated peroxisomes was monitored by catalase latency and sedimentability of marker enzymes. It was improved by (i) using cells that were shifted to oleic acid medium after growth to stationary phase in glucose precultures, (ii) shifting the pH from 7.2 to 6.0 during cell fractionation, and (iii) carrying out equilibrium density centrifugation with Nycodenz containing 0.25 M sucrose throughout the gradient. A concentrated peroxisomal fraction was used for in vitro import of catalase A. After 2 h of incubation, 62% of the catalase was associated with, and 16% was imported into, the organelle in a protease-resistant fashion. We introduced immunofluorescence microscopy for S. cerevisiae peroxisomes, using antibodies against thiolase, which allowed us to identify even the extremely small organelles in glucose-grown cells. Peroxisomes from media containing oleic acid were larger in size, were greater in number, and had a more intense fluorescence signal. The peroxisomes were located, sometimes in clusters, in the cell periphery, often immediately adjacent to the plasma membrane. Systematic immunofluorescence observations of glucose-grown S. cerevisiae demonstrated that all such cells contained at least one and usually several very small peroxisomes despite the glucose repression. This finding fits a central prediction of our model of peroxisome biogenesis: peroxisomes form by division of preexisting peroxisomes; therefore, every cell must have at least one peroxisome if additional organelles are to be induced in that cell.