jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF TRANSCATHETER ARTERIAL CHEMOINFUSION (TACI) IN PATIENTS WITH UNRESECTABLE HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a common therapy for unresectable HCC, but it carries a 5–16% risk of serious complications. TACI without embolization may have similar efficacy and fewer side effects, but few studies have examined outcomes of TACI. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 295 consecutive cases of TACI in 150 patients in 1/99-9/02 at a U.S hospital. All received a mixture of cisplatin, doxorubicin and lipiodol and were observed overnight. They were evaluated clinically at 2 weeks, radiologically at 3 months, and received additional TACI if there were residual or new tumors. Response to TACI is categorized as complete response (CR, no residual viable tumor), partial response (PR, partial uptake with residual viable tumor), and no response/progression of tumor (NR). We used multiple logistic regression to estimate odds ratio relating tumor response and age, sex, severity of liver disease and tumor staging. Results: Mean age = 58.4 ± 12. Most were White (27.3%) or Asian (61.3%). Most were male (77.3%), had cirrhosis (72%), and had either chronic hepatitis C (45.2%) or B (38.4%). Mean MELD score = 9.3 ± 2.7. Mean CPT score = 5.94 ± 0.99. Tumor staging at diagnosis: TNM I:I I:I II: IV = 7.2%: 31.7%: 18.7%: 42.4%; OkudaI: II: III = 66.9%: 31.7%: 1.4%; and the mean CLIP score = 1.3 ± 1.0. The average number of TACI procedures per patient is 1.97 ± 1.33, with 54% having TACI once, 84.7% having ≥3 TACI (range:1-8). Tumor response rates are as follows:TableAll but 5 patients were discharged within 24 hours (2 had hemoperitoneum due to HCC prior to TACI and 3 due to persistent nausea, fever, or hepatic artery injury). Two (0.68%) had worsening of liver function and hepatorenal syndrome following TACI. On multivariate analysis, only TNM stage IV is an independent predictor of nonresponse (OR = 2.38, p = 0.05). Conclusions: TACI is an effective and safe treatment for unresectable HCC with TNM stage I, II, and III. In addition, 98.3% of ourpatients required (24 hours of hospitalization, while patients undergoing TACE generally require longer hospitalization. A randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy, side effects, and cost-effectiveness of TACE and TACI is needed.
Acute leukaemia in Jehovah's Witnesses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The refusal of Jehovah's Witnesses with leukaemia to accept transfusion provides a major clinical challenge because of the myelosuppressive effects of chemotherapy. Experience in treating five such patients is described. Two patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) achieved remission following chemotherapy, the first without transfusion support, the second, a minor, receiving transfusion under a court order; the first patient remains in remission 5 years later, whereas the second subsequently relapsed and died. Of three patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), two received chemotherapy: one died of anaemia during induction chemotherapy whereas the second eventually consented to transfusion but died of refractory leukaemia. The third patient died of anaemia despite erythropoietin. We feel Jehovah's Witnesses should not be denied antileukaemic therapy if they fully understand the risks involved. Minimizing phlebotomy, use of antifibrinolytic agents and growth factors may make chemotherapy feasible, especially in ALL where remission may be induced with less myelosuppressive agents. The outlook for those with AML treated with conventional chemotherapy appears poor; alternative approaches to treatment should be considered in these patients.
Effects of spatial aggregation approaches on classified satellite imagery

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Spatial aggregations of raster data based on the majority rule have been typically used in landscape ecological studies. It is generally acknowledged that (1) dominant classes increase in abundance while minor classes decrease in abundance or even disappear through aggregation processes; and (2) spatial patterns also change with aggregations. In this paper, we examined an alternative, random rule-based aggregation and its effects on cover type abundance and landscape patterns, in comparison with the majority rule-based aggregation. We aggregated a classified TM imagery (about 1.5 million ha) from 30m (4231 × 3717 pixels) incrementally to 990m resolution (132 pixels × 116 pixels). Cover type proportion, mean patch size ratio, aggregation index (AI), and fractal dimension (FD) were used to assess the effects of aggregation. To compare landscapes under different resolutions, we assumed that the landscapes were least distorted if (1) the cover type proportions and mean patch size ratios among classes were maintained, and (2) all cover types responded in the same way for a given index as aggregation levels increased. For example, distortion is introduced by aggregation if some cover types increase their AI values with increasing aggregation levels while other cover types decrease. Our study indicated that the two spatial aggregation techniques led to different results in cover type proportions and they altered spatial pattern in opposite ways. The majority rule-based aggregations caused distortions of cover type proportions and spatial patterns. Generally, the majority rule-based aggregation filtered out minor classes and produced clumped landscapes. Such landscape representations are relatively easy for interpreting and, therefore, are suitable for land managers to conceptualize spatial patterns of a study region. By contrast, the random rule-based aggregations maintained cover type proportions accurately, but tended to make spatial patterns change toward disaggregation. Overall, the measurements of landscape indices used in this study indicated that
1688-P: Novel Oral Apelin Receptor Agonist PSTC1201 for Selective Weight Loss with Muscle Preservation When Combined with Semaglutide in DIO Mice Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction and Objective: GLP-1R agonists are approved for treating obesity and diabetes, offering benefits like weight loss and blood glucose control. However, they can also cause muscle reduction, impairing physical function, especially in older patients. Preserving lean mass during GLP-1R agonist therapy is an unmet need. Apelin, an endogenous peptide binding to the APJ receptor, regulates energy and muscle metabolism. A Ph1b trial with an oral APJ agonist, azelaprag, showed muscle preservation in elderly subjects. We describe a novel APJ agonist, PSTC1201, which improves body composition and muscle function in obese mice combined with GLP-1R agonist therapy. Methods: High fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice were treated for 21 days with semaglutide (10 nmol/kg, Q3D); semaglutide at the same dose with PSTC1201(1.1 g/L in drinking water) or azelapray (1.1 g/L in drinking water for both agents). Body weight, body composition (via EchoMRI), and muscle function test (wire hang), plasma glucose and lipid profile were measured. Results: Mouse body weight was reduced by 11%, 31% and 37% in the groups treated with semaglutide, semaglutide plus azelaprag and semaglutide plus PSTC1201 respectively. Corresponding changes in lean body mass were 47%, 57% and 57%, showing improved body composition. In the wire hang test, PSTC1201 treatment almost restored muscle function to that of lean controls: lean control (latency, 191 sec); DIO+semaglutide, 27 sec; DIO/semaglutide+PSTC1201, 141 sec; DIO/semaglutide+azelaprag, 81 sec. Fasting blood glucose and plasma lipid profiles were also improved. Conclusion: Oral APJ agonists in combination with GLP-1R agonist further reduce weight loss while improve body mass composition and muscle function vs GLP-1R agonist monotherapy. PSTC1201 shows a favorable profile for further development for combination therapy in obesity and diabetes. Disclosure Z. Wang: None. W. Li: None. L. Hu: None. Z. Zhu: None. N. Liu: None. S. Yao: None. H. Qi: None. C. Chan: None. Y. Li: None. S. Chen: None.
BS SO17 - Large Bowel Occlusion as a Manifestation of Gastric Adenocarcinoma in a Patient with Previous Gastric Bypass

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Gastric bypass surgery has become one of the hallmarks of the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Over the last decade, an increasing number of gastric cancer cases have been reported following gastric bypass, particularly in the excluded stomach. The anatomical changes and the difficult access to the excluded stomach via endoscopy hinder the diagnosis and treatment of this cancer. Method Literature review and clinical case analysis through clinical records and exam results. Results A 59-year-old male with a history of gastric bypass 15 years prior was admitted to the emergency department with bowel occlusion. A CT scan revealed colonic obstruction due to invasion by a neoplastic/inflammatory process. Consequently, a right hemicolectomy was performed. Histopathological analysis revealed infiltration of the colonic wall by poorly cohesive gastric carcinoma cells. A follow-up CT scan confirmed a lesion in the excluded stomach. A LAMS (lumen-apposing metal stent) was placed to repermeabilize the excluded stomach, and biopsies confirmed gastric mixed adenocarcinoma. A gastroduodenal stent was placed for antropyloric stenosis. A multidisciplinary team opted for palliative chemotherapy. Conclusion The association between bariatric surgery and gastric cancer remains controversial. As described in previous studies, this clinical case demonstrates that gastric adenocarcinoma in patients who underwent gastric bypass often presents as an aggressive and advanced-stage disease. Given the mortality associated with gastric cancer and the increasing number of bariatric surgeries, this case report highlights the important need to develop patient selection protocols for gastric bypass and respective appropriate follow-up.
[The functional tasks of the activity of the mechanism regulating the cerebral circulation].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Modern experimental and clinical data suggest that physiological mechanism, responsible for maintaining adequate brain blood supply under different conditions has a complex functional task, which besides sufficient metabolic transport to brain tissue, consists in supporting of water balance of brain tissue and evacuation of wastes. These functions realize by synergistic acting of several control links--neurogenic, metabolic, myogenic and humoral, every one of them has its own channel of input information and feedback. Physiological reactions of cerebrovascular system to adequate sensory activation have a task, first of all, to support of metabolic supply of nerve tissue. Therefore, after the beginning of sensory activation, oxygen availability in brain tissue is significantly increase, but at the same time some changes of hydratation nerve tissue is taking place. The last is possible to observe by analysis of changes in amplitude and configuration of electrical impedance pulsations, recording from brain implanted electrodes. These changes of hydratation of nerve tissue is observing during short time period and then is compensating. During during neuronal activation the concentration of wastes in brain tissue is slightly increase, which reflects in changes of brain tissue pH and pCO2. However, in situations, closed to extreme ones, a some hierarchic relationships between particular functional tasks of cerebrovascular control mechanism are observed. (1) Under arterial hypertension, when it is impossible to maintain at the same time both metabolic supply of brain tissue and to support water balance of nerve tissue, experimental and clinical data indicates, that the leader place take processes, responsible for the hydration of nerve tissue. So, the same decrease of cerebral blood flow during arterial hypertension indicates, that the action of control mechanism of cerebral circulatory system directed to minimization of a risk of developing of brain edema. (2) In cases of arterial hypotension, which accompanying by chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency, the main functional task of cerebrovascular control mechanism becomes to direct to evacuation of wastes, because they are slowly collecting in brain tissue, although the metabolic supply of brain tissue is often in sufficient limits. In such conditions vasodilator drugs with a short time period of action (30-40 min.) have a comparative long (3-5 hours) positive effect for patients. During time period of increased brain blood flow, washing out of brain tissue from wastes is taking place. Generally, the first of mentioned processes is forming the left and the second--right parts of the curve, which represents the autoregulator phenomenon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
INTERACTION BETWEEN CHOLINERGIC AND OPIOID SYSTEMS IN ALCOHOL SEEKING BEHAVIOR

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective: To confirm the interaction between cholinergic and opioid systems in alcohol seeking behavior using an animal model. Methods: Experiments were conducted using Conditioned Place Preference(CPP) paradigm. Mice were conditioned with alcohol, nicotine and combination of both. They were then subjected to postconditioning test, in which their preference scores were measured. Following a period of drug abstinence, they were reinstated by morphine at doses of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg BW to induce relapse. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity measurements were performed at the end of the behavioral tests using Ellman’s method. Results: Priming dose of morphine of10mg/kg, 20mg/kgand40mg/kg BW increased significantly the preference score during relapse to alcohol compared with the score in post conditioning test. AChE activity in animal at the time of relapse was significantly different compared to saline treated group. The highest enzyme activity was shown after priming dose of 20 mg/kg BW in group conditioned with alcohol and nicotine. There was no significant differences between the activity of AChE in groups receiving 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg BW of morphine challenge. Conclusion: Result of the present study indicated that morphine challenge in alcohol dependent animals during drug abstinence induces relapse to alcohol dependence. This is accompanied by increased AChE activity suggesting cholinergic-opioid system interaction
Indirect /sup 13/C tomography and volume-selective spectroscopy via proton NMR

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Pulse sequences that permit indirect /sup 13/C imaging as well as image-guided volume-selective editing of signals of /sup 13/C bound protons are reported. A technique for recording the images that is based on heteronuclear multiple-quantum filter editing is described. Some experimental results for subcutaneous human calf tissue and for a fresh shank of veal are discussed.< >
Radiofrequency maze ablation for atrial fibrillation in a patient undergoing atrial septal defect repair.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic atrial fibrillation affects over 2.2 million people and is associated with complications including heart failure, stroke, and exercise intolerance. Since drug therapy and cardioversion have been only partially successful in restoring sinus rhythm, surgical procedures were developed for medically refractory atrial fibrillation (1). We report a case of successful left atrial radiofrequency ablation for chronic atrial fibrillation in a patient who had a large secundum atrial septal defect.
Inventory Management under Periodic Profit Targets

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Managers seek to meet quarterly profit targets because missing a target affects both the stock price and bonuses. To capture how these targets can affect a retailer’s procurement decisions, we analyze a periodic‐review inventory model with a chance constraint in each period that requires meeting a profit target with a given probability, while maximizing expected profit. Corporate profits are reported using accrual accounting, but inventory models typically use cash‐basis accounting. We consider both methods. The optimal policy under accrual accounting is quite complicated, involving a state‐dependent disposal policy, so we focus on the class of policies in which, in each period, the disposal quantity is increasing in the remaining inventory after demand has occurred, and show that the optimal policy consists of an order‐up‐to level and a dispose‐down‐to level in each period. These values may depend upon the constraint in that period and in all subsequent periods, so each constraint may have far‐reaching effects. We also derive the optimal policy under cash‐basis accounting for the infinite horizon stationary case and find that it is state‐ and demand dependent, even in this “easy” case. We offer insights into how the chance constraints affect the optimal procurement decisions and profits under both accounting schemes, and show that the chance constraints can lead to perverse behavior under cash‐basis accounting.
Judaism in Late Antiquity 3. Where we Stand: Issues and Debates in Ancient Judaism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This collection of systematic Auseinandersetzungen articulates difference and spells out what is at issue. Learning atrophies when political consensus substitutes for criticism, and when other than broadly-accepted viewpoints, approaches, and readings find a hearing only with difficulty, if at all. The editors therefore have invited colleagues systematically to outline their views in an Auseinandersetzung with contrary ones. The several participants explain how, in broad and sweeping terms, they see the state of learning in their areas of special interest. The editors invited leading players in the USA, Europe, and the State of Israel, in the study of ancient Judaism, both in Second Temple Times and after 70 C.E. The work commences with a thoroughly fresh perspective of a theoretical question: what, in a religion so concerned with social norms and public policy, can we possibly mean by "law" when we speak of law in Judaism. It then proceeds with two chapters on Second Temple Judaism, and two on the special subject of the Dead Sea library. The two papers in the present part provide an overview of matters and a systematic, critical account of the fading consensus, respectively. The next set of papers ought to stand as the definitive account of the diverse viewpoints on a basic question of method. Because of the willingness of contending parties to meet one another in a single frame of discourse, the work is able to portray with considerable breadth the presently-contending viewpoints concerning the use of Rabbinic literature for historical purposes. Then proceed a number of other accounts of how matters look from the perspective of major participants in scholarly debate. At the same time as the requirements of historical-critical reading of the Rabbinic literature precipitated sustained and vigorous debate, other problems have attracted attention. Among these a critical issue emerges in the hermeneutics to govern the reading of the documents for the purposes of other-than-historical study, feminist interests, for example.
User Modeling Challenges in Interactive AI Assistant Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Interactive Artificial Intelligent(AI) assistant systems are designed to offer timely guidance to help human users to complete a variety tasks. One of the remaining challenges is to understand user's mental states during the task for more personalized guidance. In this work, we analyze users' mental states during task executions and investigate the capabilities and challenges for large language models to interpret user profiles for more personalized user guidance.
Simultaneous Monitoring of the Evolution of Chemical Parameters in the Fermentation Process of Pineapple Fruit Wine Using the Liquid Probe for Near-Infrared Coupled with Chemometrics

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study used Fourier transform-near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy equipped with the liquid probe in combination with an efficient wavelength selection method named searching combination moving window partial least squares (SCMWPLS) for the determination of ethanol, total soluble solids, total acidity, and total volatile acid contents in pineapple fruit wine fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. burgundy. Two fermentation batches were produced, and the NIR spectral data of the calibration samples in the wavenumber range of 11,536–3952 cm−1 were obtained over ten days of the fermentation period. SCMWPLS coupled with second derivatives searched and optimized spectral intervals containing useful information for building calibration models of four parameters. All models were validated by test samples obtained from an independent fermentation batch. The SCMWPLS models showed better predictions (the lowest value of prediction error and the highest value of residual predictive deviation) with acceptable statistical results (under confidence limits) among the results achieved by using the whole region. The results of this study demonstrated that FT-NIR spectroscopy using a liquid probe coupled with SCMWPLS could select the optimized wavelength regions while reducing spectral points and increasing accuracy for simultaneously monitoring the evolution of four chemical parameters in pineapple fruit wine fermentation.
High Risk for Persistent Peri-Prosthetic Infection and Amputation in Mega-Prosthesis Reconstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A peri-prosthetic joint infection is a feared complication after mega-prosthesis reconstruction of large bone defects. The current study investigates how patients operated with a mega-prosthesis due to sarcoma, metastasis, or trauma, are affected by a deep infection focusing on re-operations, risk for persistent infection, arthrodesis, or subsequent amputation. Time to infection, causative bacterial strains, mode of treatment and length of hospital stay are also reported. A total of 114 patients with 116 prostheses were evaluated, a median of 7.6 years (range 3.8–13.7) after surgery, of which 35 (30%) were re-operated due to a peri-prosthetic infection. Of the infected patients, the prosthesis was still in place in 51%, 37% were amputated, and 9% had an arthrodesis. The infection was persistent in 26% of the infected patients at follow-up. The mean total length of hospital stay was 68 (median 60) days and the mean number of reoperations was 8.9 (median 6.0). The mean length of antibiotic treatment was 340 days (median 183). Coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequent bacterial agents isolated in deep cultures. No MRSA- or ESBL-producing Enterobacterales were found but vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium was isolated in one patient. In summary, there is a high risk for peri-prosthetic infection in mega-prostheses, resulting in persistent infection or amputation relatively often.