jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Elevated Leptin Levels Are Associated with Excess Gains in Fat Mass in Girls, But Not Boys, with Type 1 Diabetes: Longitudinal Study during Adolescence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adolescents, in particular girls, with type 1 diabetes may gain excessive weight during puberty. We present the results of a longitudinal study aimed to determine the roles of leptin and insulin in changes in body composition in subjects with type 1 diabetes and controls. Forty-six children (23 boys) with type 1 diabetes and 40 controls (20 boys) were followed from 8–17 yr of age. Height, weight, and sc skinfolds were assessed every 6 months, and a blood sample taken for leptin determination. Throughout the age range, body mass index (mean ± sem) was greater by 1.45 ± 0.69 kg/m2 in girls and 1.46 ± 0.55 kg/m2 in boys with type 1 diabetes compared with control values. In girls with type 1 diabetes, this reflected greater percent body fat (3.2 ± 1.0%; P = 0.002), whereas in boys it related to differences in fat-free mass. Both boys and girls with type 1 diabetes had higher leptin levels adjusted for percent body fat than controls; in the girls this was related to insulin dose (regression coefficient B = 0.006 ± 0.003; P = 0.04) and greater gains in fat mass. Hyperinsulinemia and raised leptin levels are associated with gains in fat mass throughout puberty in girls, but not boys, with type 1 diabetes.
Extended Structures in Topological Quantum Field Theory

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this note, based on a conference talk, we show how a 3 dimensional topological field theory leads to an algebraic gadget roughly equivalent to a quantum group. This is an expository version of some material in hep-th/9212115 (where we also carry out computations for a specific finite example). We also explain how to incorporate the central extensions usually explained via ``framings'', and we show how to recover invariants of framed tangles. This paper is written using AMSTeX 2.1, which can be obtained via ftp from the American Mathematical Society (instructions included). 2 encapsulated postscript files were submitted separately in uuencoded tar-compressed format.
Relationship in Oxidation between Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid in Microencapsulated Isada Krill Oil

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Krill oil extracted from Euphausia pacifica, known as Isada on the Sanriku coast, is rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as well as other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We previously reported that the oxidation of EPA and DHA in microencapsulated krill oil with a low surface-oil ratio was interdependent and the contribution of other n-3 PUFAs on the oxidation was not considered (J. Oleo Sci., 70, 633 (2021)). This study demonstrated that EPA and DHA were also interdependently oxidized in microencapsulated krill oil with both low and high surface-oil ratios even though the contribution of oxidized PUFAs on the oxidation of EPA and DHA was taken into consideration.
Supplementary Table from KAP1 targets actively transcribed genomic loci to exert pleomorphic effects on RNA polymerase II activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

KAP1 (KRAB-associated protein 1) is best known as a co-repressor responsible for inducing heterochromatin formation notably at transposable elements. However, it has also been observed to bind the transcription start site of actively expressed genes. To address this paradox, we characterized the protein interactome of KAP1 in the human K562 erythro-leukaemia cell line. We found that the regulator can associate with a wide range of nucleic acid binding proteins, nucleosome remodellers, chromatin modifiers and other transcription modulators. We further determined that KAP1 is recruited at actively transcribed polymerase II promoters, where its depletion resulted in pleomorphic effects, whether expression of these genes was normally constitutive or inducible, consistent with the breadth of possible KAP1 interactors.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Crossroads between transposons and gene regulation’.
The Career of a Catalogue: Organizational Memory, Materiality and the Dual Nature of the Past at the British Museum (1970–Today)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The emergent ‘uses of the past’ literature challenges traditional perspectives on history as an objective constraint for organizational action. It does so by putting forward an interpretivist view that highlights the moulding and shaping of history as a resource that enables action. We build upon and extend this approach by demonstrating how a more explicit attention to materiality reveals ‘the dual nature of the past’ as not simply constraining and/or enabling but also actively orienting organizational action in the present. We draw upon research on organizational remembering and the concept of affordance to theorize the entanglement of organizational remembering and the material technologies of memory. We examine the dynamics of organizational remembering and materiality in the context of the British Museum’s digitization efforts. We show how narratives about the past enable organizational actors to make sense of and repurpose a novel material technology of memory (computers) through the construction of affordances. However, we also demonstrate how the materiality of objects inherited from the past also actively constrained and oriented how actors worked upon various obstacles on the path to digitization. We make two contributions. First, we develop how the dual nature of the past constitutes a novel way to reconcile deterministic and voluntarist interpretations of the past in organizations by assigning a more active role to material objects in organizational remembering. Second, we introduce a novel way to theorize organizational memory as an ongoing process of mutual constitution between technologies of memory ( Speicher) and social practices of remembering ( Gedächtnis).
Post-growth transition, working time reduction, and the question of profits

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The ecological macroeconomics literature has developed models, which outline the transition from today's growth-dependent economies to post-growth systems where output can be stabilized to limit resource consumption while good living conditions and high employment are ensured. Working time reduction plays a pivotal role in those transitional strategies to relax the trade-off between economic growth and unemployment. This analysis contributes to the research by developing a macroeconomic model where, in contrast to the existing models, a sufficient profit rate is the precondition of any private-sector economic activity. It is shown that under such assumptions working time reduction is not enough to stabilize output but is a threat to macroeconomic stability. To make the post-growth transition successful, working time reduction must go along with supporting economic policies and macroeconomic governance including public investment, which controls the private-sector profit rate to avoid instability and unemployment.
The competitive transport inhibitor L-trans-pyrrolidine-2, 4-dicarboxylate triggers excitotoxicity in rat cortical neuron-astrocyte co-cultures via glutamate release rather than uptake inhibition

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We studied the early and late effects of L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (PDC), a competitive inhibitor of glutamate uptake with low affinity for glutamate receptors, in co-cultures of rat cortical neurons and glia expressing spontaneous excitatory amino acid (EAA) neurotransmission. At 100 or 200 microM, PDC induced different patterns of electrical changes: 100 microM prolonged tetrodotoxin-sensitive excitation triggered by synaptic glutamate release; 200 microM produced sustained, tetrodotoxin-insensitive and EAA-mediated neuronal depolarization, overwhelming synaptic activity. At 200 microM, but not at 100 microM, PDC caused rapid elevation of the glutamate concentration ([Glu]o) in the culture medium, resulting in NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxic death of neurons 24 h later. The increase in [Glu]o was largely insensitive to tetrodotoxin, independent of extracellular Ca2+, and present also in astrocyte-pure cultures. By the use of glutamate transporters functionally reconstituted in liposomes, we showed directly that PDC activates carrier-mediated release of glutamate via heteroexchange. Glutamate release and delayed neurotoxicity in our cultures were suppressed if PDC was applied in a Na(+)-free medium containing Li+. However, replacement of Na+ with choline instead of Li+ did not result in an identical effect, suggesting that Li+ does not act simply as an external Na+ substitute. In conclusion, our data indicate that alteration of glutamate transport by PDC has excitotoxic consequences and that active release of glutamate rather than just uptake inhibition is responsible for the generation of neuronal injury.
The common pathophysiologic threads between Asian Indian diabetic’s ‘Thin Fat Phenotype’ and partial lipodystrophy: the peripheral adipose tissue transcriptomic evidences

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

T2D is a complex disease with poorly understood mechanisms. In Asian Indians, it is associated with “thin fat” phenotype which resembles with partial lipodystrophy. We hypothesized that disturbed expression of lipodystrophy genes might play a role in T2D pathogenesis. Therefore, we attempted to establish a link between these two diseases by studying the overlap between the network of lipodystrophy genes and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the peripheral subcutaneous adipose tissue of Asian Indians diabetics. We found that 16, out of 138 lipodystrophy genes were differentially regulated in diabetics and around 18% overlap between their network and the DEGs; the expression level of lipodystrophy genes showed an association with disease-related intermediate phenotypic traits among diabetics but not in the control group. We also attempted to individualize the diabetic patients based on ±2 fold altered expression of lipodystrophy genes as compared to their average expression in the control group. In conclusion, significant overlap exists between some of the lipodystrophy genes and their network with DEGs in the peripheral adipose tissue in diabetics. They possibly play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and individualization of diabetics is possible based on their altered expression in their peripheral adipose tissue.
Meal-time Detection by Means of Long Periods Blood Glucose Level Monitoring via IoT Technology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Blood glucose level monitoring is of great importance, especially for subjects experiencing type 1 diabetes. Accurate monitoring of their blood glucose level prevents dangerous and life-threatening situations that might be experienced by those subjects. In addition, precise monitoring of blood glucose levels over long periods of time helps establishing knowledge about the daily mealtime routine which aids the medical staff to monitor subjects and properly intervene in hazardous cases such as hypo- or hyperglycemia. Establishing such knowledge will play a potential role when designing proper treatment intervention plan. In this research, we present a complete IoT framework, starting from hardware acquisition system to data analysis approaches that gives a hand for medical staff when long periods of blood glucose monitoring are essential for subjects. Also, this framework is validated with real-time data collection from 7 subjects over 10 successive days with temporal resolution of 5 minutes allowing for near real-time monitoring and analysis. Our results show the precisely estimated daily mealtime routines for 4 subjects out of the 7 with discard of 3 subjects due to huge data loss mainly. The daily mealtime routines for the 4 subjects are found to be matching to have a pattern of 4 periods of blood glucose level changes corresponding to the breakfast around 8 AM, the lunch around 5 PM, the dinner around 8 PM, and finally a within-day snack around 12 PM. The research shows the potential of IoT ecosystem in support for medically related studies.
Comprehensive benefit evaluation method of energy Internet platform based on cloud model

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The energy internet platform not only integrates multiple types of energy forms, but also involves the benefit distribution of multiple subjects during the construction and operation. How to evaluate the platform objectively and accurately is the foundation for the construction of the platform. To this end, the comprehensive benefit evaluation index system of energy internet platform is proposed. The index was weighted by the method of analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight combining subjectivity and objectivity. Then, the comprehensive benefit cloud chart of the energy internet platform is determined by constructing the fuzzy synthetic evaluation matrix based on the cloud model to generate digital characteristics of the cloud model of every index. Finally, an example is given to verify the rationality of the evaluation index system and the validity of the evaluation method.
Abstract: The Use of Both Antegrade and Retrograde Internal Mammary Vessels in the Bipedicled (double-barrel) Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap for Unilateral Breast Reconstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Autologous abdominal tissue transfer is a well-established method of breast reconstruction. The deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (DIEP) has the additional benefit that donor site morbidity is minimal as it spares the muscle and fascia. Conventional DIEP flap reconstruction may not provide adequate volume in cases where the patient is thin, has midline abdominal scars, and/or has a large volume of tissue to replace. One solution is to use a bipedicled DIEP flap, which can incorporate all of the available abdominal tissue. Bipedicled DIEP flaps have been described in a number of different configurations. The literature appears to favor intra-flap anastomosis, with a minimal exposition of two recipient vessels. It has been demonstrated that both the antegrade internal mammary artery (aIMA) and retrograde internal mammary artery (rIMA) are adequate recipient vessels. The authors are interested in presenting a single center experience with bipedicled DIEP flaps to both the aIMA and rIMA, showing their feasibility and safety. METHODS: Following approval by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Institutional Review Board, a retrospective review was performed identifying patients who underwent unilateral breast reconstruction using a double pedicle DIEP flap by a single two-surgeon team. Data was collected on patient characteristics, pre-operative risk factors, and post-operative complications. Data was analyzed with a specific emphasis placed on post-operative complications and how they related to pre-operative risk factors. RESULTS: 20 patients were identified who underwent unilateral breast reconstruction using a bi-pedicled DIEP flap. All patients were female and were previously diagnosed with cancer. There were zero flap failures and zero instances of abdominal hernia or issues with abdominal wall functionality following the operations. CONCLUSIONS: The series of surgeries described in this study resulted in successful breast reconstruction in 20 women using a bi-pedicled DIEP flap. The results show that this novel approach allows for reconstruction in places where a conventional DIEP does not provide adequate volume, achieved safely and without increased morbidity. The bi-pedicled deep inferior epigastric perforator flap is a viable option for large-volume autologous breast reconstruction, providing ample tissue for successful reconstruction while also allowing for shorter recovery and limited donor-site morbidity.
Rapid Screening for Synthetic Cannabinoids and Cathinones Using Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART)-TOF-MS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones are classified as "designated substances", and comprise a new class of illegal drugs. In order to offer rapid and expert testimony on these drugs, a screening method that uses direct analysis in real time (DART TM) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) was developed. DART enabled the direct introduction of a sample without any pretreatment, such as extraction and cleanup. The positive-ion mode was suitable for ionization in TOF-MS. It was also possible to accurately measure the mass of each drug. The mass spectra clearly showed all peaks representing the protonated molecules of synthetic cannabinoids (14 types) and synthetic cathinones (three types). The analysis of samples of herbal products, plant leaves, and tablets was possible without any pre-processing of the samples. As a result, stimulants, cannabis components, and several synthetic cannabinoids (such as JWH-210, AM2201, JWH-203, JWH-081, 4-methylehcathinone, and naphyrone) were identified in each sample. With DART-TOF-MS, the mass spectrum was obtained in a few seconds. The analysis with DART-TOF-MS was proven to be useful for screening controlled substances.
The minimal Martin boundary of a Cartesian product of trees

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

On a tree, the Martin boundary for positive eigenfunctions of the "Laplacian" or other suitable difference operators is known to coincide with the natural boundary of the tree. In this survey, operators on a finite product of trees are considered. Old and new results are described. In the case when all the trees are homogeneous, we let the operator be a positive linear combination of the Laplacians in the factor trees. If at least one of the trees is not $\\mathbb{Z}$, the corresponding Martin boundary is nontrivial for all sufficiently large eigenvalues, and is given as the product of the natural boundaries of the trees times a hyper surface which depends on the eigemalue. The situation is similar to that of a polydisc. There is a pointwise convergence theorem at the boundary. For $\\mathbb{Z}^n$ however, the boundary is a one-point set. To get a nontrivial boundary here, one can consider instead an operator with drift.
A history of the treatment of appendicitis in children: lessons learned

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During the latter half of the 19th century, surgeons increasingly reported performing appendicectomies. Fitz from Harvard, Groves from Canada and Tait from Britain all recorded successful removal of the appendix. McBurney described the point of maximal tenderness in classic appendicitis and also the muscle‐splitting incision centred on this point. Priority is given to McArthur in describing the lateral muscle‐splitting incision. The direction of the cutaneous incision was later modified by Elliott and Lanz. Incisions that healed well were essential to recovery. Appendicectomy became a ‘fashionable’ operation after the London surgeon, Treves, removed the appendix of King Edward VII . Through the 20th century, the mortality from appendicitis fell notably with the advent of sulphonamide and penicillin, improvements in fluid therapy and safer anaesthesia. By 1990, diagnostic delay was the main cause of death. Semm performed the first laparoscopic appendicectomy in 1990, roundly criticized at the time for what is now a routine procedure. We view contemporary debates on the indications for appendicectomy, the best approach and how to optimize recovery in the light of the history of this intriguing disease.
Note on the Diethylphthalate Test

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Note on the Diethylphthalate Test Get access H Wales H Wales Drug Control Laboratory, Bureau of Chemistry, Washington, D. C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 9, Issue 4, 15 November 1926, Pages 476–477, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/9.4.476 Published: 10 March 2020
Effects of Biochar and Lime on the Fraction Transform of Cadmium in Contaminated Soil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Lime and biochar was added into Cd contaminated meadow soil,then the incubation experiment was conducted to investigate pH and the various forms of transformation of heavy metal fractions after the application of amendments.The results turned out that during the 60days,the soil pH increased with an increase in rates of biochar.However,soil pH increased with an increase in rates of lime and lime mix biochar,but decreased with incubation time till last of the incubation period.Soil pH in treatments with these amendments was all higher than that of the control.The application of different treatments also significantly reduced the concentration of soil exchangeable Cd.Compared with CK,the amendment of biochar,lime and the complex of biochar and lime alleviated the concentration of Cd to 8.6%~13.7%,17.8%~21.7% and 18.4%~23.3%,respectively.There were significant negative correlations between soil pH and concentrations of exchangeable Cd(R2=0.74).Application of amendments accelerated the transformation of exchangeable Cd into carbonate-bound,Fe-Mn oxides-bound,organic-bound,residual Cd by different levels.
Research On Copyright Ownership of Products Using Artificial Intelligence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Artificial intelligence technology is booming in the digital economy era. In view of the legal attributes of the subject and object of artificial intelligence, there have been many controversies in the theoretical and academic circles. For example, some scholars advocate that products involving artificial intelligence ought to be covered under copyright from the standpoint of "objectivism". However, some scholars think that copyright protection should not be given to them from the perspective of "subjectivism". The copyright ownership of artificial intelligence products is currently debated in three mainstream theories: "producer theory", "creator theory" and "user theory". In fact, the "user theory" is more reasonable from three aspects: the composition characteristics of works, the social significance of legal protection and the principle of unity of rights and obligations. Therefore, at the institutional level, we should try to clarify the status of artificial intelligence products and the copyright subject of artificial intelligence products is artificial intelligence users, in order to achieve legal protection, an artificial intelligence declaration system must be established.
Genome-wide screening of DNA methylation associated with lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is well-known to be an early event associated with poor prognosis in patients with ESCC. Recently, tumor-specific aberrant DNA methylation of CpG islands around the promoter regions of tumor-related genes has been investigated as a possible biomarker for use in early diagnosis and prediction of prognosis. However, there are few DNA methylation markers able to predict the presence of LNM in ESCC. To identify DNA methylation markers associated with LNM of ESCC, we performed a genome-wide screening of DNA methylation status in a discovery cohort of 67 primary ESCC tissues and their paired normal esophageal tissues using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. In this screening, we focused on differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that were associated with LNM of ESCC, as prime candidates for DNA methylation markers. We extracted three genes, HOXB2, SLC15A3, and SEPT9, as candidates predicting LNM of ESCC, using pyrosequencing and several statistical analyses in the discovery cohort. We confirmed that HOXB2 and SEPT9 were highly methylated in LNM-positive tumors in 59 ESCC validation samples. These results suggested that HOXB2 and SEPT9 may be useful epigenetic biomarkers for the prediction of the presence of LNM in ESCC.