jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Why Was Benghazi “Saved,” but Sinjar Allowed to Be Lost? New Failures of Genocide Prevention, 2007–2015

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, I examine legal, political, and cultural reasons behind the genocides in Iraq and Syria of 2007–2015, that decimated the Yezidi communities of Sinjar or Shingal (Şengal/Şingal/Şingar). It is typically argued that failures to prevent genocide occur due to imaginative deficits or fear of a military quagmire. However, I show that atrocities are quickly recognized and sanctioned in some cases, and that substantial resources in terms of international support, military assets, and political rhetoric have been generated in several cases in which groups were less threatened than the Yezidis. To explain the disparate responses to claims of imminent persecution or massacre, I develop the theory of the “Reverse CNN Effect,” in which some tragedies do not receive the requisite attention of the mass media to mobilize action. The phenomenon extends beyond the media to the resolutions and reports of the United Nations and, at times, those of the US government.
Human cortical mechanisms of visual attention during orienting and search

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Functional anatomical studies indicate that a set of neural signals in parietal and frontal cortex mediates the covert allocation of attention to visual locations across a wide variety of visual tasks. This fronto-parietal network includes areas, such as the frontal eye field and supplementary eye field. This anatomical overlap suggests that shifts of attention to visual locations or objects recruit areas involved in oculomotor programming and execution. Finally, the fronto-parietal network may be the source of spatial attentional modulations in the ventral visual system during object recognition or discrimination.
Abstract 12924: Morphological Mechanisms Underlying Efficacy of Paclitaxel-Coated Balloon Against Repeated In-Stent Restenosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In-stent restenosis (ISR) has been an important issue even after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES). Recently, paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) has emerged as a potential alternative to the conventional treatment of ISR (plain balloon angioplasty [PBA]) with lower incidence of re-ISR. However, detailed mechanisms underlying the clinical efficacy of PCB have been still unknown morphologically. Methods: Consecutive 32 patients whose in-stent restenotic lesions were treated by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided PBA (n=15) or PCB (n=17). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiographic follow-up was done at 9 months after PCI for ISR, and the detailed IVUS/OCT and angiographic findings were compared to elucidate the differences in qualitative and quantitative characteristics of in-stent intima between the groups. Results: Compared with PBA group, re-ISR rate was significantly lower in PCB group (24% vs. 80%, p=0.005). Although post-PCI minimum lumen angiographic diameter (MLD) and IVUS area (MLA) were comparable between the groups (2.9±0.8mm vs. 2.8±0.8mm, p=0.7; 3.5±1.1mm 2 vs. 4.1±1.0mm 2 , p=0.9, respectively), MLD and MLA at follow-up were kept significantly larger in PCB group (2.7±0.9mm vs. 1.3±1.0mm, p=0.02; 4.3±2.8mm 2 vs. 2.1±0.9mm 2 , p=0.02, respectively), mainly attributable to smaller intimal area at MLA site (1.2±0.6mm 2 vs. 4.1±2.9mm 2 , p=0.03). Interestingly, post-PCB intima was significantly regressed in spite of the progression of post-PBA intima (-1.0±1.4mm 2 vs. 0.5±1.6mm 2 , p=0.01, Figure ). In terms of OCT-derived tissue characteristics of in-stent intima, post-PCB intima was more homogeneous rather than heterogeneous/layered (homogeneous/heterogeneous/layered: 60%/27%/13% vs. 18%/41%/41%, p=0.04). Conclusion: Clinical usefulness of PCB for DES-ISR might be based on not only smaller intimal area but also more stable intimal tissue of the regressed post-PCB intima.
The Influence Of Emotional Intelligence, Leadership Behaviour And Organizational Commitment On Organizational Readiness For Change In Higher Learning Institution

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper intends to examine the relationships of emotional intelligence, organizational commitment, and leadership behaviour in influencing organizational readiness for change. A total of 169 academic staff of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) participated in this study. They were selected based on stage and cluster sampling from the main and branch campuses through at Malaysia. The findings revealed that 44.1% of the variance in readiness for change is explained by emotional intelligence, organizational commitment and transactional leadership behaviour. The practical implications of these findings are discussed in relation to readiness for change context.
Employee Motivation in University Libraries in Ghana: a comparative analysis

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Comparison of motivational preferences of the staff of two university libraries in Ghana indicates that age groups and professional positions of the workers in a survey determine their motivational factor preferences. Respondents from the two sites have different motivational values. Different strategies are therefore required to motivate the workers and it is suggested that library managers avoid the assumption that what motivates them motivates the employees as well.
CERN's future secured

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The CERN Council held its 123rd session on 13 December under the chairmanship of Professor Maurice Bourquin. The election of the next Director General, the Baseline Plan for 2003-2010 and a new status for non-European states were among the items agreed. In addition, the European Investment Bank has agreed a loan of 300 million EUR to complete the LHC.
Surface plasmon resonance method for probing interactions in nanostructures: CdS nanoparticles linked to Au and Ag substrates by self-assembled hexanedithiol and aminoethanethiol monolayers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Self-assembled hexanedithiol (HDT) and aminoethanethiol (AET) monolayers (SAMs), ∼0.4–0.8 nm in thickness, are used to link ∼5 nm diam CdS nanoparticles covalently and electrostatically onto Au and Ag substrates. The resulting nanostructures are probed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements. The CdS nanoparticle–SAM–substrate interactions manifesting themselves in the dielectric functions of the multilayered systems, are detected in the SPR data, and are discussed in terms of a phenomenological six-layer model. The SPR response of the Ag substrate is more sensitive to neighboring interactions than the Au substrate. The SEM images show that the CdS, connected either by HDT or AET onto Ag substrates, forms crystalline structures. The interactions responsible for this crystallization are absent in samples employing Au substrates, in which case only ∼5 nm diam CdS nanoparticles are detected by SEM. The experimental results of the present article, analyzed in detail using Fresnel and Maxwell equations, demonstrate how the SPR technique can be used to characterize layered nanostructured materials.
Conformational Behaviour of an Analogue of the S-Peptide: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract: The S-peptide, derived from the hydrolysis of Ribonuclease, is a stable a.-helix in water, although it is only 20 amino acids long. In view of increasing the helical content and stability, a mutated sequence has been proposed. The present work aims to shed light on the conformational preferences and on the helix stability of the proposed sequence by means of Molecular Dynamics simulations performed with different procedures.
The effectiveness of freight derivatives in managing a ship-operator's systematic and unsystematic risks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The shipping market is notorious for its volatility and risks, with prices in the shipping market fluctuating substantially over short periods of time. While risks do come along with any business venture, the impacts are more pronounced and frequent in the shipping market. Coupled with stiff competition, where only the most adept ship-owners survive in the long-run, the importance of risk management tools have taken on a new meaning where profit maximizing market participants who are more adept at actively managing the unsystematic risks enable them to reduce the risk and thus, a higher stability in their earnings. Today, a myriad of hedging tools exist for a ship-operator, with the most recent development being freight derivatives. The paper‟s objective is to determine the effectiveness of forward freight agreements in hedging the systematic and unsystematic risks faced by a ship-operator with tonnages primarily operating on the spot market by comparing with the traditional methods of hedging. This will be done through the creation of a shipping asset portfolio model which simulates a real-life ship-operator‟s portfolio. This research is of high commercial significance, as the findings can demonstrate how freight derivatives complement the highly capital intensive business of shipping in terms of performance and utility – thereby providing a vital reference for the ship-operator.
MPS 10-02 Relationship between office blood pressure and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation versus sinus rhythm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The measurement of blood pressure (BP) in atrial fibrillation (AF) is considered to be difficult and uncertain, and the use of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24-h ABPM) in patients with AF has been questioned. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the relationships between automated office BP and 24-h ABP in hypertensive patients with persistent AF and sinus rhythm (SR). Design and Method: Between January 2010 and December 2015, 77 patients with persistent AF (mean age 65.0 ± 11.5 years, 50% men) and 118 age- and sex-matched hypertensive subjects with SR who underwent 24-h ABPM were enrolled. Results: Office heart rate (HR) was higher in AF patients (P = 0.010), and diastolic BP (DBP) and HR variability values of 24-h, daytime and nighttime were significantly higher in AF than in SR patients (all P < 0.0001). In AF patients, office BP were significantly correlated with 24-h ABP (r = 0.632, P < 0.0001 for SBP, r = 0.656, P < 0.0001 for DBP). However, compared to SR subjects, AF patients showed significantly higher mean differences between office BP measurements and 24-h ABP profiles in 24-h SBP (Δ11.3 ± 21.2 mmHg vs. Δ5.0 ± 17.4 mmHg, P = 0.025), daytime SBP (Δ8.5 ± 21.1 mmHg vs. Δ2.5 ± 17.4, P = 0.038), 24-h HR (Δ8.1 ± 15.2 mmHg vs. Δ3.3 ± 9.7, P = 0.016) and daytime HR (Δ6.2 ± 15.5 mmHg vs. Δ0.8 ± 9.5 mmHg, P = 0.008), whereas not in DBP values. Conclusions: These findings suggest that 24-h ABPM can be useful method to assess BP and minimize errors in overestimation of BP, frequently observed in office BP measurements, in patients with AF.
Measurement of Compound Nucleus Space-Time Extent with Two-Neutron Correlation Functions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Two-neutron relative-momentum correlation functions have been measured in the 130 MeV $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ + $^{26}\mathrm{Mg}$ reaction. Differences in the longitudinal and transverse correlation functions, observed for the first time for neutrons, allow an independent determination of the spatial extent and the time scale for decay of the $^{44}\mathrm{Ca}$ compound nucleus. A comparison with theoretical calculations indicates a radius of 4.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 fm and an average neutron emission time scale of 1100 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 100 fm/c for $^{44}\mathrm{Ca}$ at 100 MeV excitation energy. Correlation functions selected by cuts on the total momentum of the neutron pair give a quantitative characterization of the cooling of a compound nucleus.
How and Why U.S. Single-Family Housing Became an Investor Asset Class

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Having historically been avoided by institutional financial investors, U.S. single-family housing—that is, free-standing residential property—received large investment inflows after the global financial crisis of 2007-2009 to rapidly become a substantial asset class. Why? And why then? The materialization of an unprecedented investment opportunity—large stocks of cheap, favorably located urban housing—was certainly pivotal. But the attractiveness of that opportunity was enhanced by a series of parallel and (for investors) propitious historical shifts in four key realms: technology, finance, housing supply, and ideas. In short, the investment transformation that occurred was “overdetermined.” The article develops this argument with a focus on investment by the firm that led the way: the Blackstone Group.
Feline Tui-na: A TCVM Approach to Challenging Cat Patients

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Tui-na is one of the five branches of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its practice is under the guidance of TCM theories and principles, which include Zang-fu, Five Elements and Eight Principles. It is a versatile tool also used as one of the four branches of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) to promote and re-establish health as well as restore injured tissues. It can be used as a primary treatment modality or an adjunctive treatment for most TCVM disharmonies. The cat, more than many other species, determines the specific Tui-na techniques they will accept. They are Yin-type creatures “with an opinion” that are in tune with their inner selves. It is important to remember that in practice, evenness and softness are particularly important for feline patients. Tui-na techniques must flow seamlessly into one another, beginning superficially then slowly, gently moving to deeper levels as “invited” by the tissues. Awareness, tissue feedback signals, mindfulness and respectful application of techniques are required for successful feline bodywork. This article is intended to help practitioners of TCVM enhance and expand their practice of TCVM for the benefit of their feline patients through the use of Tui-na techniques. It is also hoped, through knowledgeable guidance from their veterinary practitioner, that feline caretakers may come to appreciate that they can acquire powerful tools by which they may participate directly in the healing of their feline companions.
Significant temperature tunability of the band gap in two-dimensional materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have great attentions due to their novel physical and chemical properties. The band gap Eg plays a significant role in influencing their applications, which can be changed by the temperature. In this work, taking the Group-IV materials (graphene, silicene, germanene, and stanene) as the examples, we first study the temperature-dependent Eg by employing the state-of-the-art electron-phonon renormalization calculations. It shows that the primary Eg at K-point is almost unchanged while that at Γ-point decreases directly with temperature increase in all the systems (e.g., Eg reduction in stanene from 100 K to 500 K is 0.006 eV at K-point and 0.148 eV at Γ-point, respectively). The differences are originated from the different chemical bond characteristics at band edges, which are π-bonding at K-point but (σ*) σ (anti-) bonding at Γ-point. The latter are more sensitive to the temperature-induced vibrations, such as the out-of-plane acoustic phonon modes in the three buckling systems. The strong sensitivity of σ-bonding to the vibrations can be further examplified by another four 2D systems (P4, InSb, MgCl2, and C2F2), screening from the database MatHub-2d. This phenomenon offers the temperature tunability for the band gaps at Γ-point of 2D materials, which may have more application significances in optoelectronics.
Time for Things: Labor, Leisure, and the Rise of Mass Consumption. By Stephen D. Rosenberg. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2021. 368 pp. Illustrations, tables. Hardcover, $49.95. ISBN: 978-0-674-97951-2.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Time for Things: Labor, Leisure, and the Rise of Mass Consumption. By Stephen D. Rosenberg. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2021. 368 pp. Illustrations, tables. Hardcover, $49.95. ISBN: 978-0-674-97951-2. - Volume 95 Issue 3
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PROBLEMS IN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL; COMPARATIVE STUDY IN FIVE BOARDING SCHOOL IN JAVA-SUMATRA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Pesantren is a place to study which is more important education and learning based on religious knowledge. Generations of graduates from Islamic boarding schools are expected to be able to develop and practice knowledge in society in accordance with religious values. Islamic boarding schools that are established in Indonesia certainly have differences, both from the history, learning methods, facilities, problems, and even culture. This study aims to find out the problems and culture in Islamic boarding schools, especially Islamic boarding schools located in Pekalongan , Wonosobo, Banjarnegara, Karawang, and also North Bengkulu. As for the descriptive method with a comparative approach is the method used, which is useful in comparing a phenomenon, event, and also the symptoms that occur. The benefits that can be obtained from the results of conducting this research are that it can provide an overview of the problems are culture that exist in Islamic boarding schools. The results obtained are the similarity of problems such as truancy, ilness, and lack of educator. The differences are the type of pesantren, history, and also complementary facilities. In addition, cleaning the environment has become a culture that is carried out in the five pesantren. The conclusion in this study is that in dealing with problems that arise, the need for cooperation between pesantren residents and mutual support for each other. The differences are the type of pesantren, history, and also complementary facilities. In addition, cleaning the environment has become a culture that is carried out in the five pesantren. The conclusion in this study is that in dealing with problems that arise, the need for cooperation between pesantren residents and mutual support for each other. The differences are the type of pesantren, history, and also complementary facilities. In addition, cleaning the environment has become a culture that is carried out in the five pesantren. The conclusion in this study is that in dealing with problems that arise, the need for cooperation between pesantren residents and mutual support for each other.
Relative-story displacement sensing for seismic health monitoring of building structures =Jishindo ni taisuru kenchikubutsu no herusu monitaringu no tame no sokan hen'i keisoku ni kansuru kenkyu

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

制度:新 ; 報告番号:甲3342号 ; 学位の種類:博士(工学) ; 授与年月日:2011/2/25 ; 早大学位記番号:新5646
Crossover Concept for Optical Printed Circuits

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It is possible to reduce crosstalk between optical signals in intersecting optical conductors by taking two steps: Minimize amount of light diffracted into wrong conductor by selecting optimum conductor width, and place light traps in each conductor. How well techniques work depends in part on quality of optical conductors (partically surface smoothness) and on how closely optical-signal mode of propagation approaches ideal. Nature of signals also important: With digital signals, less crosstalk attenuation required than for analog signals.
COMPUTER INVESTIGATION OF RADIATION DAMAGE IN CRYSTALS.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A theoretical study of radiation damage in crystals has been performed, using computer techniques. The materials studied were three face-centered cubic metals: copper, aluminum and gold. Two major areas of investigation were pursued: (1) the study of various static configurations of lattice defects in copper and aluminum; and (2) the study of threshold displacement energies in gold. The major focus of all work done was the effect of the choice of interatomic potential on the calculational results obtained. It is shown that the magnitude of the interstitial defect energies calculated is highly sensitive to the detailed form of the potential employed. With respect to vacancy characteristics, a potential for copper has been developed which leads to excellent agreement with experiment. In addition, a procedure is indicated for modifying this potential to also give meaningful results for interstitial characteristics. Of four Born-Mayer potentials studied for gold, it is shown that only the one derived on the basis of radiation damage data leads to good agreement with experiment for the (100) threshold energy. Threshold studies in the (110) direction indicated highly efficient propagation of energy along the collision line. However, it is concluded that no reasonable judgment concerning the (110) threshold energy can be made from the data obtained.
Modulating Traffic Signal Phases to Realize Real-Time Traffic Control System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes innovations to address challenges emanating from road traffic congestion. Improving economies create more car owners resulting in increased automobile manufacturing, increased vehicle population giving rise to higher emission of CO2 resulting in traffic congestion. Congested traffic has idling vehicles which emit higher CO2 and pollution. Besides, traffic congestion increases turnaround time, delivery time, commuting time and related logistical aspects. Commuting time negatively impacts working hours. Unless the traffic congestion is mitigated, the economy will take a beating creating a vicious ecology cycle. Building new roads, bridges or reconditioning of infrastructure is not always the best possible solutions. Efficient traffic management is a key to country’s economic growth. Various analytical models are employed to study, appreciate traffic congestion. The paper studies these models to infer that real time approach is the only solution. Several approaches are being worked on and few commercial systems too are available. These systems provide traffic information for course correction. However, it has latency and hence deviates from real time environment. Traffic congestion being highly dynamic in nature, it necessitates real time solution with real time inputs. It is proposed to integrate Real time traffic data with the traffic signal thus modulating the cycle timings at every junction. Deviation from static asymmetric cycle timing is implemented by assigning green phases based on density of vehicles. With minimalistic infrastructure and negligible incremental cost, the paper not only proposes to address traffic congestion but also paves the way for capturing traffic offenses, vehicle tracking and toll collection. The research is imminently realizable and makes a strong case for a PPP (Public Private Partnership) project.
Penanaman Nilai-nilai Islam Pada Anak

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract:Parents, communities and governments put great attention to education of children, knowing that the quality of early childhood is a reflection of the quality of the nation in the future. So it can be said that the condition of children in Indonesia is now a picture of human resources in the future. In Islam, a child has a vertical relationship with God as creator, and horizontal relationships with parents and communities are responsible for educating him to be a religious man. Although the incidence of human nature state that a child (baby) is holy, but he has the potential to be good through the cultivation of religious values early and proper education. When a coaching is wrong, it causes people to be evil and bad. This could be due to either foster care, regardless of the value of education and religious norms. Key words: Investment Islamic values and age of the child.