jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SH111991.07FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
ART FICTION

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Fiction about art reveals a parallel extra‐academy, extra‐museum art history. This essay examines how three novels, all published in 1999, fictionalize early modern Netherlandish painters and paintings. Tracey Chevalier's Girl with a Pearl Earring is ‘art‐historical fiction’ that uses real paintings to craft a fictional Vermeer; Susan Vreeland's Girl in Hyacinth Blue is ‘provenance fiction’ that brings to life the history of ownership of a fictional painting by Vermeer; and Michael Frayn's Headlong , a tale of a modern‐day amateur art historian's quixotic quest for a long lost picture by Pieter Bruegel, is ‘art‐history fiction’. These novels rely on strategies of Dutch and Flemish genre painting to craft stories of ordinary lives that are made extraordinary by art. Held up as mirrors to our scholarly practices, they confront us with the popular ramifications of recent approaches to works of art and their makers.
LILY PEARL BALLOFFET, Argentina in the Global Middle East (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2020)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Argentina in the Global Middle East is an insightful interdisciplinary study that models the reconceptualization of migrant histories along the lines of a movement through space that is "continuous and connective" (4).More specifically, this book contributes to the shift beyond traditional frameworks focused on the one-way trajectory from sending country to receiving country, and instead centers on how the movement back and forth between those two points and within the receiving country are ongoing and constitutive of human experience.Balloffet draws from extensive archival work and interviews, and interprets these sources in a new light, one that foregrounds the mobility inherent in all steps and aspects-from livelihood to identity-of the Arab mahjar experience in Argentina.This approach yields various benefits, among them the establishment of the robust and ongoing circulation between the urban center of the capital, Buenos Aires, and various nodes in the interior of the country.Additionally, this approach highlights the broad reach of migrants' activities, which went far beyond national borders and the institutionally defined areas of the Middle East and Latin America to create networks between various locations in the Middle East and the Americas.The array of maps included in the book, which chart the railway system, immigrant associations, and producers of culture, support these points and demonstrate the centrality of mobility.For these reasons, Balloffet's book is a significant contribution to the emerging conceptualization of a "Global Middle East." 1 In tandem, this monograph adds to discussions of how best to conceptualize the Global South.
Highly Crystalline Poly(l‑lactic acid)\nPorous Films Prepared with CO<sub>2</sub>‑philic, Hybrid, Liquid\nCell Nucleators

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (scCO<sub>2</sub>) foaming of poly­(l-lactic acid)\ncomposite films with liquid polyhedral oligomeric\nsilsesquioxanes (PlLA-POSS) was carried out to obtain polymer\nmatrices for drug delivery applications. Highly crystalline (>45%)\nPlLA generally requires high supercritical processing (saturation)\ntemperatures close to its melting temperature (∼450 K) and\npressures about or over 20 MPa for foaming with scCO<sub>2</sub>.\nTo decrease the saturation temperature and obtain ductile PlLA films with uniform and homogeneous porosity, we used two different,\nnovel CO<sub>2</sub>-philic organic–inorganic hybrid liquid\nPOSS as cell nucleators. The solvent-casting of the polymer with these\nadditives resulted in porous thin films. ScCO<sub>2</sub> processing\nat 313 K and 21 MPa increased the pore density and enhanced the mechanical\nand thermal properties such as elastic modulus and <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> of the highly crystalline PlLA porous films.\nScCO<sub>2</sub> processing led to the extraction of the cell nucleators,\nallowing the recovery of these additives from the porous films. Drug\nrelease studies with a model antibiotic (Ceftriaxone Sodium) showed\nthat the porous films exhibit burst release characteristics, which\nis suitable for local antibiotic applications.
Case Analysis of ESG Activities and Circular Fashion Business in the Fashion Industry - Focused on 2019 to 2021 -

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

필환경 시대에 기업은 이윤을 창출하면서도 환경을 보호하고, 사회적 문제 해결에 기여하며, 투명한 윤리경영을 목표로 하는 ESG 개념이 더욱 중요해졌다. 본 연구의 목적은 패션산업의 ESG 활동 현황 및 연도별 변화 추이를 살펴보고, 구체적으로 패션 브랜드 복종별 차이를 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한 순환형 패션 비즈니스 단계별 패션 브랜드의 환경 관련 활동 현황을 밝힌다. 연구자료는 2019년에서 2021년 사이에 작성된 온라인 기사를 바탕으로 패션제품 생산이나 판매와 연관된 업체, 브랜드의 ESG 활동 사례를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 환경, 사회, 지배구조 영역으로 연도별, 업체별, 복종별로 분류하였고, 패션 브랜드의 경우 순환형 패션 단계에 따라 복종별로 별도로 분석하였다. 총 313개의 사례가 분석되었고, 패션 브랜드(89.5%), 소재 업체(2.7%), 유통 업체(6.2%), 기타(1.6%)로 구성되었다.BR 연구 결과, 첫째, 2019년(9.6%) 대비 2020년(33.2%), 2021년(57.2%)에 사례가 지속적으로 증가하였고, 업체유형과 관계없이 ESG 분야 중 환경 관련 사례가 주도적이었으며(87.7%), 사회(6.4%), 지배구조(5.8%) 순으로 나타났다. 환경 영역에서 리사이클 소재(40.5%), 비건 소재(16.9%) 및 지속가능 생산 시스템(13.5%) 관련 사례가 높은 편이었다. 사회공헌 활동과 ESG 비전제시 사례는 전년도 대비 2021년도에 2배 이상 증가하였다. 둘쨰, 패션 브랜드 복종별로 ESG 활동 현황을 살펴보면 아웃도어(23.1%), 캐주얼(18.8%), 잡화(13.7%)의 사례분포가 높은 편이었다. 하이엔드, 여성복, 캐주얼의 경우 2020년 대비 2021년도에 증가 폭이 높았다. 반면 아웃도어와 SPA브랜드는 2020년도부터 꾸준한 활동 사례를 찾아볼 수 있었다. 셋째, 순환형 패션 관점에서 원재료 단계에 치중되었고(73.9%), 디자인(5.5%), 생산(13.9%), 유통(5.1%) 단계 사례는 제한적이었다. 캐주얼과 잡화 복종에서 업사이클링 제품을 집중적으로 선보였고, 친환경 생산 방식은 복종별로 골고루 도입한 편이었다. 유통 단계에서는 친환경 패키지 전환을 시도하고 수거 캠페인 등 소비자 참여를 유도하기 위한 커뮤니케이션 활동을 하였다. 다양한 기관과의 협업을 통해 사회적 책임 활동을 수행하고자 하였다. 순환형 패션을 활성화하기 위해서는 소비자 참여의 중요성을 각인시키고, 패션기업과 이해관계자의 역할을 규명하고, 유기적 공조가 필요한 시점이다.
The Reactivity of Purine and its derivatives at Xanthine Oxidase active site

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Enzymes that possess molybdenum in their active sites catalyze biological processes that are essential to the organism for survival. One of the most studied of the molybdenum-containing enzymes is xanthine oxidoreductase. Xanthine oxidoreductase catalyzes the purine degradation, taking hypoxanthine to xanthine and then xanthine to uric acid at the C2 and C8 positions of the molecule, respectively. The activities and rates of reactions determined using the substrates revealed that hypoxanthine was by far the most reactive and the substrates with –CH3 group such as 6-Methyl purine were shown to be less reactive for XOR enzymes. The reactivity of xanthine oxidoreductase enzyme with a range of substrates could be described using steady state enzyme kinetic constant, Michaelis constant (km). The Mulliken atomic charges on the locus of interaction sites were computed to characterize the electrophilicity of the interaction sites of the respective substrates. In addition to the Mulliken atomic charges, the constituent chemical fragments were performed using AOMix software program. Purine is considered as the least electrophile (�?qc = 0.009193) of all purine derivatives and hypoxanthine keto is considered as the most electrophile (�?qc = 0.161378) of all purine derivatives. This indicates that hypoxanthine keto can undergo the fastest rate of reaction with the active site at its C2 position whereas purine could undergo the slowest rate of reaction with the active site at its C6 position. Finally, we clearly show that % contribution for Cs-HOMO (for Pu-C6) is the highest in comparing to the other two interaction sites of Pu-C2 and Pu-C8. The value of Km reflects a good agreement with the Mulliken atomic charges of the optimized structures of the free substrates in an increasing order of their electrophilicity (purine = 0.009193, Xanthine = 0.152253 and Hypoxanthine = 0.161378).
Color attributes and accuracy of Vita-based manufacturers' shade guides.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The shades of several tooth-colored restoratives are now keyed to the Vita Lumin shade guide. The purpose of this study was to determine whether manufacturers' shade guides had color attributes that were similar to the Vita Lumin guide to which they are supposedly keyed. The overall color accuracy between the different guides was also compared via colorimetry. Results showed that none of the manufacturers' shade tabs evaluated had all L*, a*, and b* values that were identical to their respective Vita shade tabs. For the shades evaluated, manufacturers' tabs were generally darker than their corresponding Vita shade tabs. When shade guides were compared, the color accuracy of Z100 and Fuji II LC shade guides was significantly better than that of Durafill VS and TPH. Dyract's shade guide was the most accurate and was significantly better than the shade guides of Fuji II LC, Durafill VS, and TPH. The accuracy of manufacturers' shade guides was not consistently product dependent but was shade dependent.
Implementation of Learning Models in Science and Islamic Education Subjects at SMAN 10 Tangerang City

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The use of learning models has an essential role, of course it needs to be paid attention to in learning. For this reason, this research aims to explore the learning model applied to Natural Sciences (IPA) and Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects at SMA Negeri 10 Tangerang City. This research uses a qualitative approach, case study method. The results of the research show that the learning models implemented within the framework of the Independent Curriculum have been implemented in this school since March 2023. The most interesting finding in this research is that although in general the learning models applied in the classroom are practically almost the same, however There are still differences in nuances between the learning models applied to Natural Science (IPA) subjects and Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects. These two differences were divided into two groups, namely the group that used an inquiry-based learning model for science and the group that used a discussion-based learning model for PAI. The learning model in science subjects mainly often uses contextual learning and quantum learning, while the most commonly used learning model in PAI subjects is mind mapping. Teachers at this school have also implemented the use of digital media platforms which can increase the enthusiasm for the learning atmosphere. This small research discusses the implementation of the model for these two subjects because they have a causal relationship, where natural science will bring students to the realm of reason, while Islamic religious science will bring them to the realm of faith, naqli knowledge so that in the end they become human beings. completely.
Text summarization techniques applied to source code summary \ngeneration and evaluation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. This dissertation explores the use of text summarization technology for generating automatic descriptions of source code artifacts. Firstly, the thesis reports the results of empirical studies aimed at investigating how developers summarize code artifacts when \nunderstanding them. These results are useful in explaining how developers abstract source code, in gaining insights about the comprehension process, in explaining the role \nof code elements in such a process, and for the development of automatic source code summarization tools. Secondly, the dissertation describes several approaches for creating \nshort and accurate textual descriptions for various types of code entities. The results of the evaluations indicate that text summarization techniques are suitable for automatic source code summarization since developers generally agree with the summaries produced by the proposed methods. Thus, these summaries can be useful for improving software comprehension processes, which usually occur during software maintenance tasks.
The US-led “War on Terror” in Afghanistan: 2001-2021

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During Cold War era, the US supported the armed groups in Afghanistan in terms of training and ammunition against the Soviet Union by fuelling Islamic jihadism. After failed invasion of Soviet Union, the US withdrew completely leaving the armed groups from the region and it created a threat to the whole world. The US became one of the biggest targets and victims of its own policy with 9/11 attacks, Afghanistan was one of the countries the US occupied in order to fight against terrorist organizations and to bring democracy to countries that feed and support terrorism within the framework of the Bush Doctrine. The US did not carry out this invasion alone and for the first time in its history, NATO took action within the scope of Article 5 and engaged in a collective intervention. The point reached at the end of the 20-year invasion, where humanitarian loss and economic costs are too heavy to be overcome, the US, who sat at the table with the Taliban, quickly retreated from the region by leaving everything else -once again- just as how it was while disappointing its NATO allies.
Microbial Transglutaminase is Beneficial to Food Industries but a Caveat to Public Health

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) is a survival factor for bacteria that is heavily used as a protein glue in the processed food industries. Despite the manufacturers’ claims for it safe usage, scientific observations are accumulating for its unwanted effects on human health. The enzyme can cross link proteins, imitating its family member, tissue transglutaminase, the autoantigen of celiac disease. Its gliadin cross-linked complexes are immunogenic in celiac disease. In the intestinal lumen, mTG exerts anti protease activity and forms resistant isopeptide bonds, it is anti-phagocytic, thus suppressing luminal protective pathways. It increases intestinal permeability, is trans-epithelialy transported and faces the enteric mucosal immune cells. Finally, mTG-containing products can react as emulsifiers and mucolytic agents thus compromising barriers’ integrities. The present review summarizes and updates on the potential detrimental effects of mTG, aiming to protect the public from the enzyme’s unwanted effects.
Effect of Choline Alphoscerate on the Survival of Glioblastoma Patients: A Retrospective, Single-Center Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cognitive impairment often occurs in glioblastoma (GBM) patients due to the tumor itself and treatment side effects. Choline alphoscerate (L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, GPC) is frequently used to compensate for cognitive impairment in GBM patients. This study was conducted to determine whether GPC affects the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of GBM patients. From 2011 to 2020, 187 isocitrate dehydrongenase (IDH)-wild-type GBM patients were analyzed. The patients were classified based on whether GPC was continuously used for at least 3 or 12 months (mos) after GBM diagnosis. Although GPC usage (≥3 mos) did not make significant differences in survival extension, median OS in the long-term GPC group (≥12 mos) was longer with statistical significance, compared to the control group (<12 mos) (38.3 vs. 24.0 mos, p = 0.004). In addition to younger age, supratentorial location, complete resection, and MGMT promoter methylation, long-term use of GPC (≥12 mos) was significantly associated with longer OS in multivariate analysis (p = 0.019, hazard ratio [HR] 0.532, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.314–0.900). Despite the limitations of this study, long-term GPC use was possibly associated with prolonged survival in GBM patients. Multi-center prospective randomized studies with a large number of patients are needed to validate these findings.
Stochastic modeling of gene activation and application to cell regulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Transcription factors (TFs) are key regulators of gene expression. Based on the classical scenario in which the TF search process switches between one-dimensional motion along the DNA molecule and free Brownian motion in the nucleus, we study the arrival time of several TFs to multiple binding sites and derive, in the presence of competitive binding ligands, the probability that several target sites are bound. We then apply our results to the hunchback regulation by bicoid in the fly embryo and we propose a general mechanism that allows cells to read a morphogenetic gradient and specialize according to their position in the embryo.
Part-by-part interface-based search and automatic reassembly of CAD models for database expansion and model reuse

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This dataset contains the generated cad assembly from three differents strategy from the article "Part-by-part interface-based search and automatic reassembly of CAD models for database expansion and model reuse". In ReplacePart strategy, each assembly is available in .FCStd format which has the kinematic constraints in the A2+ workbench. A .STEP format of the assembly as well as a PNG screen of the assembly is also available. For the two other strategies, juste STEP files are availables.
From the Archives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From the beginning, William Barton Rogers, the founder and first President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, included plans for an industrial technology museum in his concept of the Institute. This museum was to have been a cross between our modern exhibit museums and simple glass cases throughout the Institute displaying sample materials and machinery for use in classroom instruction. The following three excerpts selected from the William Barton Rogers Collection in the Institute Archives show how this idea pervaded the legislation and plans enabling establishment of MIT. Over the next century, numerous attempts were made to fulfill Rogers’ vision of an educational museum. Finally, in 1971, the MIT Museum was founded to provide a visual reminder, through its programs and exhibits, of the people and research that comprise the history of MIT.
An X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) study of Fe ordering in a synthetic MgAl2O4-Fe3O4(spinel-magnetite) solid-solution series: Implications for magnetic properties and cation site ordering

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Fe L₂,₃-edge XAS and XMCD studies have been used to unravel structural trends in the MgAl₂O₄-Fe₃O₄ solid solution where thermodynamic modelling has presented a challenge due to the complex ordering arrangements of the end-members. Partitioning of Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ between tetrahedral (Td) and octahedral (Oh) sites has been established. In the most Fe-rich samples, despite rapid quenching from a disordered state, Fe²⁺_Td is not present, which matches the ordered, inverse spinel nature of end-member magnetite (Mgt) at room-T. However, in intermediate compositions Al and Mg substantially replace Fe and small amounts of Fe²⁺_Td are found, stabilized or trapped by decreasing occurrence of the continuous nearest neighbour Fe – Fe interactions which facilitate charge redistribution by electron transfer. Furthermore, in the composition range ~Mgt₀.₄₋₀.₉, XAS and XMCD bonding and site occupancy data suggest that nano- scale, magnetite-like Fe clusters are present. By contrast, at the spinel-rich end of the series, Mgt₀.₁₇and Mgt₀.₂₃ have a homogeneous long-range distribution of Fe, Mg and Al. These relationships are consistent with the intermediate and Fe-rich samples falling within a wide solvus in this system such that the Fe- clusters occur as proto-nuclei for phases which would exsolve following development of long-range crystalline order during slow cooling. \n Unit cell edges calculated from the spectroscopy-derived site occupancies show excellent agreement with those measured by X-ray powder diffraction on the bulk samples. Calculated saturation magnetic moments (M_s) for the Fe-rich samples also show excellent agreement with measured values but for the most Mg-rich samples are displaced to slightly higher values; this displacement is due to the presence of abundant Mg and Al disrupting the anti-parallel alignment of electron spins for Fe atoms.
Teratoma of larynx: case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p class="abstract">Teratomas are embryonal neoplasm arises from totipotent germ cells. They are having tissues from all the three blastodermic layers. There are various locations of congenital teratoma. Naso-oropharyngeal site teratoma are either sessile or pedunculated. We describe a rare case of laryngeal teratoma in a five years old patient presented with change in voice and breathing difficulty. On flexible laryngoscopy, it appeared like supraglottic cyst but on CT scan it was confirmed as teratoma. Pre-operative tracheostomy and transoral carbon dioxide laser assisted excision done. Histopathological examination showed osteoid trabeculae, chondroid tissue with loose myxoid islands and adipose tissue. No recurrence of tumor on 18 months follow-up. This is the first case report of pediatric larynx teratoma reported in present century.</p>
Elucidation of the Interactions of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Model Membranes Mimicking Cancer Cells and Normal Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Photosensitizers (PSs) used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been developed to selectively destroy tumor cells. However, PSs recurrently reside on the extracellular matrix or affect normal cells in the vicinity, causing side effects. Additionally, the membrane stability of tumor cells and normal cells in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has not been studied, and the effects of ROS at the membrane level are unclear. In this work, we elucidate the stabilities of model membranes mimicking tumor cells and normal cells in the presence of ROS. The model membranes are constructed according to the degree of saturation in lipids and the bilayers are prepared either in symmetric or asymmetric form. Interestingly, membranes mimicking normal cells are the most vulnerable to ROS, while membranes mimicking tumor cells remain relatively stable. The instability of normal cell membranes may be one cause of the side effects of PDT. Moreover, we also show that ROS levels are controlled by antioxidants, helping to maintain an appropriate amount of ROS when PDT is applied.