jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Home automation and monitoring (HAM) system with webpage interface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The smart home products bring convenience to consumers in many aspects. However, the available products in the market are expensive which does not benefits majority consumers. The project aims to design and implement a system that is affordable for general consumers. Arduino is an open-source computing platform based on a simple microcontroller board. Having the advantage of available libraries, many devices can be interfaced using Arduino. It can be programmed via simple programming environment with AVR C programming language. Arduino boards are relatively cheap microcontrollers, which creates an opportunity to implement relatively low cost Home Automation and Monitoring (HAM) systems. The system will be implemented low cost Arduino boards, together with various functional shields, sensors and actuators. The main and auxiliary microcontrollers will form up a wireless communication network. The auxiliary microcontrollers will interface with sensors and actuators for customised needs. The HAM system is expandable by having the flexibility of using different auxiliary microcontrollers, sensors and actuators. The user can interface with the HAM system via a main webpage written in HTML with CSS and JavaScript. SMS will be used as back up interface to monitor and control the system.
The politics of protest: the Israeli peace movement and the Palestinian Intifada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction: The roots of protest in Israel? the hegemony of the party system 'death of the ideology' in Israel crisis at the heart of the party system less votes than half a transit camp accidental empire, inadvertent occupier a not-so-jewish , Jewish State colonialism materialised - radicalism in the student left internationalist perspective. Part 1 From miracle to debacle: accountability - where does the buck stop? the fall of israel's ancient regime Sadat finds Begin in Jerusalem prodding Begin to Camp David PLO - diplomacy of a movement for national liberation Israel support for Palestinian self-determination changes in Palestinian politics two basically different conceptions in the peace movement. Part 2 The establishment of the committee for solidarity with Bir Zeit University: war and protest - from the Bir Zeit closure to the war in Lebanon Yesh Gvul, parents against silence. Part 3 Intifada - December 1987: first response - the organised left parties of the Zionist left - the Zionist peace movement protest profusion. Part 4 'End the occupation' - the militants make a comeback: project of the united radical left action agenda coalition building auspicious anniversary - 21 years of occupation the politics of Dai La'kibush from protest to resistance? covenant against occupation - 'the 21st years' a cancer on Israel's body interpreting the covenant a promising flurry of activity radical is as radical does day-to-day work camping near the gate to hell. Part 5 Yesh Gvul - selective refusal extended from Lebanon to the occupied territories: patriotic anti-militarism double challenge response to the Intifada and repression at home Yesh Gvul's guide for the perplexed throwing away the key how Yesh Gvul works - individual choice - collective support part-time soldiers - full time consciences what happens when you say 'I will not go'? charging the ramparts of respectability - is refusal politically wise? family feud limits of protest and limits of the law new dimension to Israel political culture. Part 6 The formation of an independent women's peace movement: women in black - politics as ritual in the street target of provocation democracy of demonstrators the jerusalem focus to the crossroads of a nation, to the capitals of the world sisters over the sea SHANI, women for women political prisoners, the network regular meetings, constant activity, Palestinian contacts and coalition work empowering Jewish women women for Palestinian women - solidarity distinctive features of the Women's Peace Movement. (Part contents).
Location patterns and determinants of knowledge‐intensive industries in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The knowledge industry has an important function for regional economic development in cities and countries with strong knowledge economies. This study examined the characteristics of clustered Knowledge Intensive Business Services ( KIBS ) in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area and investigated the determinants of these enterprises’ locations. Using municipal‐level data, the significance of the determinants of KIBS ’ locations was tested in a path analysis, followed by analysis of questionnaire survey data on KIBS enterprises. The results were as follows. First, several dense KIBS agglomerated clusters were found in central Tokyo and some inner‐suburban business districts. Ellison‐Glaeser index statistics confirmed that KIBS were more likely than non‐ KIBS to geographically concentrate. Second, the most influential determinants of KIBS ’ location were urban economies, food amenities, and nightlife amenities. The result of the questionnaire survey also implies that, in highly urbanized areas, a dense distribution of business enterprises, food and nightlife amenities, and sophisticated urban regional image creates a positive urban environment evaluation by KIBS enterprises and attracts them through direct and indirect causal relationships.
A Reluctant Hedging Policy: South Korea's Dilemma in an Era of U.S.–China Competition

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The existing literature has tended to describe secondary and middle powers as shrewd brokers who are able to evaluate and calculate costs and risks, choosing a hedging policy to maximize their gains and avoid risk. However, empirical evidence has demonstrated in recent years that when a state's security and economy are highly dependent on two great powers, it has no choice but to adopt policies that have the appearance of a hedging strategy but are contradictory in nature. This article investigates secondary powers under this dilemma via a new concept called a "reluctant hedging policy" that diverges from the existing concept of hedging by exploring the motivations of states. To capture the essence of reluctant hedging, this article examines the case of South Korea as it faced pressure from both the United States and China before and after its deployment of the THAAD system. In keeping with the definition of a reluctant hedging policy, the motivation behind Seoul's contradictory policies was not to hedge against choosing the wrong side but to maintain the existing structure of security dependence on the United States and economic dependence on China.
Repositioning the Multilingual Periphery

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using the example of francophone Canada, this paper traces the development of multilingual peripheries as a process of internal colonialism, tied to the rise of the nation-state and its colonial expansion. Based on recent ethnographic work, it then explores some of the ways in which those peripheries now change position in a globalized new economy which values commodified languages and identities, and in which multilingualism is an asset rather than a problem to be controlled. In particular, it argues that the form and practice of multilingualism cannot be understood outside the nature of political economic conditions which constrain the shape and functioning of the linguistic market. Contemporary change in those conditions calls into question our common sense ideas about language, identity, centre and periphery.
Labour Market Institutions and Macroeconomic Shocks by

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Macroeconomic shocks and labour-market institutions jointly determine employment growth and economic performance. The effect of shocks depends on the nature of these institutions and the effect of institutional change depends on the macroeconomic environment. It follows that a given set of institutions may be appropriate at certain times in some countries while not appropriate elsewhere. We derive a dynamic model of labour demand in which the effect of firing costs on labour demand depends on the macroeconomic environment: When the level of macroeconomic activity is expected to drop and/or the trend rate of productivity growth is small, a rise in firing costs affects mainly (and adversely) the hiring decision and not the firing decision. This makes firing costs harmful when they may appear to be most appropriate. The intuition behind these results is quite straightforward: When managers fear that demand may fall in the future they value the right to fire workers. It follows that by making this option more costly, firing costs reduce the value of workers with adverse consequences for hiring and firing.
High temperature laser-induced reactions between sulfur and hydrocarbons. [Ethane, ethylene, allene, propylene, and n-butane]

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

High-temperature, laser-induced chemical reactions between solid sulfur and hydrocarbon gases (ethane, ethylene, allene, propylene, and n-butane) are reported. The results suggest that a carbon atom insertion reaction is involved in the formation of the major product, CS/sub 2/. A possible mechanism for the reaction is proposed.
Removal of Pyrene in Soil by Leguminous Green Manure Plant Mung Beam

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This work investigated the removal capacity of pyrene in soil by mung bean, mung bean-rhizobium association and raw mung bean return. The pot experiments were conducted in 60 days, and the results showed that the removal capacities of pyrene(the range of concentration is 10～100 mg·kg-1 )by mung bean with or without rhizobium were 76.8%～89.2% and 85.6%～90.4%,while those in unsterile and sterile soil without mung bean were 35.1%～63.9% and 11.5%～24.6%, respectively. The number of pyrene-degrading microbes positively associated with the concentration of pyrene, but it showed no correlation with mung bean. These results indicated that the removal of pyrene seems to be promoted by mung bean by providing the substrate for symbiotic organisms. Furthermore, during the simulation experiment of raw mung bean return, the removal rate of pyrene increased by 13.84% compared to control in 25 days. This paper finds that mung bean-rhizobium association can effectively remove pyrene in soil, and the application of raw mung bean return can also improve the removal efficiency of pyrene.
Herkinorin Analogues with Differential β-Arrestin-2 Interactions

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Salvinorin A is a psychoactive natural product that has been found to be a potent and selective kappa opioid receptor agonist in vitro and in vivo. The activity of salvinorin A is unusual compared to other opioids such as morphine in that it mediates potent kappa opioid receptor signaling yet leads to less receptor downregulation than observed with other kappa agonists. Our initial chemical modifications of salvinorin A have yielded one analogue, herkinorin ( 1c), with high affinity at the microOR. We recently reported that 1c does not promote the recruitment of beta-arrestin-2 to the microOR or receptor internalization. Here we describe three new derivatives of 1c ( 3c, 3f, and 3i) with similar properties and one, benzamide 7b, that promotes recruitment of beta-arrestin-2 to the microOR and receptor internalization. When the important role micro opioid receptor regulation plays in determining physiological responsiveness to opioid narcotics is considered, micro opioids derived from salvinorin A may offer a unique template for the development of functionally selective mu opioid receptor-ligands with the ability to produce analgesia while limiting adverse side effects.
Research, part of a Special Feature on A Systems Approach for Sustainable Development in Coastal Zones Nitrogen Source Apportionment for the Catchment, Estuary, and Adjacent Coastal Waters of the River Scheldt

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Using the systems approach framework (SAF), a coupled model suite was developed for simulating land-use decision making in response to nutrient abatement costs and water and nutrient fluxes in the hydrological network of the Scheldt River, and nutrient fluxes in the estuary and adjacent coastal sea. The purpose was to assess the efficiency of different long- term water quality improvement measures in current and future climate and societal settings, targeting nitrogen (N) load reduction. The spatial-dynamic model suite consists of two dynamically linked modules: PCRaster is used for the drainage network and is combined with ExtendSim modules for farming decision making and estuarine N dispersal. Model predictions of annual mean flow and total N concentrations compared well with data available for river and estuary (r² ≥ 0.83). Source apportionment was carried out to societal sectors and administrative regions; both households and agriculture are the major sources of N, with the regions of Flanders and Wallonia contributing most. Load reductions by different measures implemented in the model were comparable (~75% remaining after 30 yr), but costs differed greatly. Increasing domestic sewage connectivity was more effective, at comparatively low cost (47% remaining). The two climate scenarios did not lead to major differences in load compared with the business-as-usual scenario (~88% remaining). Thus, this spatially explicit model of water flow and N fluxes in the Scheldt catchment can be used to compare different long-term policy options for N load reduction to river, estuary, and receiving sea in terms of their effectiveness, cost, and optimal location of implementation.
THE JUDGE ABDUL JABBAR HAMATHANI (415 A.H. /1024 A.D.) AND HIS EFFORTS IN PROPHETIC BIOGRAPHY THROUGH HIS BOOK " PROPHECY EVIDENCE STABILIZATION"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study paper will address important aspects of the prophetic biography presented by Judge Abdul-Jabbar in his book Confirmation of Prophecies; He was devoted to report the validity of the Prophet's prophecy through his real-sense miracles and invisible distinctive features about the absentee, as they stated in the Holy Quran or the Prophet's hadith that he followed to show its credibility of historicity. In his book, Judge Abdul-Jabbar has a well-versed culture and an erudite knowledge that he quoted selective contexts from the prophetic biography. Remarkably, all of these contexts did not mention in preceding books written in this manner as a result He has saved them from loss. As well as, he has enriched the biographical preexisting traditions with unprecedented superseding information. The book's themes included an important inspection of the prophetic biography of both the Makki and Madani Era. Keywords: Biography, Prophecy, Miracle, Narration, Makki Era, Madani Era.
Metallographic Post Test Investigations for the Scaled Core-Meltdown-Experiments FOREVER-1 and -2

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

FOREVER (Failure Of Reactor Vessel Rentention) experiments has been carried out in order to simulate the behaviour the lower head of a reactor pressure vessel under the conditions of a depressurized core melt down scenario. In particular the creep behaviour and the vessel failure mode have been investigated. Metallographic post test investigations have complemented the experimental programme. Samples of different height positions of the vessel of the FOREVER-C1 and -C2 experiments were metallographically examined and characteristic microstructural appearances were identified. Additionally samples with uneffected microstructure were annealed at different temperatures and cooled by different rates and afterwards investigated. In this way the microstructural effects of the temperature regime, the thermo-mechanical loads and the environmental attack could be characterized. Remarkable effects were characteristic for the FOREVER-C2 experiment where the highest-loaded region below the welding joint reached temperatures of approx. 1100°C and a strong creep damage occured. In the FOREVER-C1 experiment creep damage could not be observed and the maximum temperature did not exceed 900°C. Environmental attack generated decarburization and oxidation but the effect was restricted to a narrow surface layer. There was almost no chemical interaction between the oxidic melt and the vessel material.
The Effect of Tax Socialization, Taxpayer Understanding, And Taxpayer Awareness Individual Taxpayer Compliance, Tax Sanction As a Moderating Variable

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of tax socialization, taxpayer understanding, and taxpayer awareness on individual taxpayer compliance in Jakarta with tax sanctions as a moderating variable. This study uses primary data obtained through questionnaires distributed to taxpayers in Jakarta. The research sample was selected using the simple random sampling method, totaling 158 respondents. The data analysis used in this research is Structural Equation Modeling Smart PLS (SEM-PLS) analysis using the Smart PLS version 4.1.0.1 application. The results of this study are tax socialization and taxpayer awareness have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance, taxpayer understanding has no significant effect on taxpayer compliance, tax sanctions moderate the effect of tax socialization on taxpayer compliance, and tax sanctions cannot moderate the effect of taxpayer understanding and taxpayer awareness on taxpayer compliance.
Experimental Ecology and Geobotany Sexual selection, sperm competition and sperm expenditure in a freshwater crayfish species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sperm competition has generated a variety of behavioural adaptations enhancing the competitive advantage of a male’s sperm or countering the sperm of rivals, as for example the strategic allocation of sperm to multiple copulation and the displacement or removal of sperm previously deposited by rivals. Sperm allocation strategies and sperm competition mechanisms in many taxa with different mating systems have been described, but few similar studies have been ever conducted on crustacean decapods. Astacids offer a good opportunity to study the effects of sperm competition on copulatory behaviour of both sexes and sperm allocation by males, due to their promiscuous breeding system, which includes multiple mating, the absence of mate guarding, an external fertilization and a peculiar modality of sperm competition, involving sperm removal by rivals. Thus, in the present paper, the results of four experiments conducted on a freshwater crayfish species (Austropotamobius italicus) are summarized. Thei aim of these experiments have been to analyze i) the variation of male sperm expenditure and behaviour of both sexes in relation to female status; ii) the variation of ejaculate size among successive inseminations; iii) the variation of male sperm expenditure and mating behaviour of both sexes in relation to different level of sperm competition risk; iv) the variation of sperm expenditure and sperm removal by last-mating males in relation to copulation behaviour and male secondary sexual traits.
Validation of Serum Versus Plasma Measurements of Chromogranin A Levels in Patients With Carcinoid Tumors Lack of Correlation Between Absolute Chromogranin A Levels and Symptom Frequency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Chromogranin A (CGA) levels are used to confirm the diagnosis and monitor the course of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Chromogranin A levels are significantly reduced when patients are acutely treated with octreotide; however, limited data are available that correlates octreotide long-acting repeatable (LAR) dose or steady state octreotide blood levels to the absolute value of serum or plasma CGA. Methods: Plasma, serum, and clinical information on carcinoid syndrome symptoms were collected anonymously from 40 patients treatedwith long-termoctreotide LAR therapy for carcinoid syndrome. Results: We found a strong positive linear relationship exists between serum and plasma CGA levels (r = 0.9858, P G 0.0001). No cor-relation existed between plasma octreotide levels or LAR dose and the static, absolute plasma/serum CGA levels. Although, higher mean CGA values were seen in the group whose diarrhea was Bnot under optimal control ^ than for the group Bunder optimal control,^ these results did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.24). Contrary to our hypotheses, a statistically significant inverse relationship was found between the frequency of flushing and the CGA levels (P = 0.0372). Higher mean CGA values were observed in the Bunder optimal control ^ group with flushing symptoms. Conclusions: Either serum or plasma can be used to measure CGA levels. Absolute (static) CGA levels do not positively correlate with symptom intensity during LAR therapy. Dynamic (serial) measure-ments of CGA are necessary to monitor the effectiveness of medical or surgical therapy. Key Words: neuroendocrine tumors, carcinoid, carcinoid syndrome, chromogranin A, octreotide, plasma and serum
A Quick Search Engine for Historical Chinese Calligraphy Character Image

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Libraries and museums are digitizing their collections of historical culture objects to enable public access, such as historical Chinese calligraphy. These collections are only available in image format, lacking practical technology to offer the basic search service for public access. This paper proposes a quick search approach by a coarse-to-fine strategy. First, long list of calligraphy characters are pruned into shorter list by eliminating characters that have no possibility to be similar to the query. Then shape matching algorithm is employed to quantitatively measure the similarity between the query and each remainder calligraphy character. Finally, the efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated by experiments with 12,021 images of calligraphy character.
Functional Characterization of Outer Membrane Proteins (OMPs) in Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus luminescens through Insect Immune Defense Reactions

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus luminescens are entomopathogenic bacterial symbionts that produce toxic proteins that can interfere with the immune system of insects. Herein, we show that outer membrane proteins (OMPs) could be involved as bacterial virulence factors. Purified totals OMPs of both bacterial species were injected into fifth instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua Hübner. Larvae were surveyed for cellular defenses fluctuations in total haemocyte counts (THC) and granulocyte percentage and for the humoral defenses protease, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and phenoloxidase (PO) activities at specific time intervals. Changes in the expression of the three inducible antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), cecropin, attacin, and spodoptericin, were also measured. Larvae treated with OMPs of both bacterial species had more haemocytes than did the negative controls. OMPs of X. nematophila caused more haemocyte destruction than did the OMPs of P. luminescens. The OMPs of both bacterial species initially activated insect defensive enzymes post-injection, the degree of activation varying with enzyme type. The AMPs, attacin, cecropin, and spodoptericin were up-regulated by OMP injections compared with the normal larvae. The expression of these three AMPs was maximal at four hours post injection (hpi) with P. luminescens OMPs treatment. Expression of the three AMPs in X. nematophila treated insects was irregular and lower than in the P. luminescens OMPs treatment. These findings provide insights into the role of OMPs of entomopathogenic nematode bacterial symbionts in countering the physiological defenses of insects.