jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On spirality in the intestinal wall

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Methods of stripping did not demonstrate a significant spiral course of fibers within longitudinal muscle coats of the jejuno‐ileum of the dog, cat, hog or man. Similar lack of spirality also characterized the large intestine of the dog. The presence of taeniae in the hog and man, and the extremely thin layer of muscle between them, permitted only the demonstration of directly longitudinal muscle in taeniae. Bands of muscle stripped from circular coats of the small intestine of the dog and hog came off overwhelmingly in complete rings. Stripping of the human intestine did not yield complete rings; breakage at anastomoses with the adjoining muscle sheet may indicate oblique bands that link up a fiber system, essentially circular, into a functionally spiral system. Bands stripped from circular coats of the large intestine of the dog came off overwhelmingly as circles. The taeniae of the hog and man prevent obtaining complete strips. Stripping of the submucosal stratum of the small intestine of the dog and man, and of the large intestine of the dog, revealed a latticed tube. Its fibers intersect in double spirals, coursing at angles of approximately 45° to the longitudinal axis of the intestine.
Oxfam accuses Pfizer of “moral bankruptcy”

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Pfizer, the world's largest pharmaceutical company, is being accused of moral bankruptcy by pricing lifesaving drugs beyond the reach of millions of people in developing countries.

The charge comes from the United Kingdom based charity, Oxfam, which is campaigning to end the company's single pricing policy and is pressing for more flexible use of patent rules.

In a new report released simultaneously in eight countries, Oxfam has claimed that the company has aggressively …
Dutch care environments for people with dementia: impressions from the perspectives of an architect and a gerontologist

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss Dutch innovative care environments for older people, including those living with dementia, from the perspectives or an architect and a social gerontologist. Design/methodology/approach The authors visited three care environments for older people, each offering an innovative approach to living housing older people, including people with dementia. The settings are discussed from two disciplinary perspectives, facilitating an understanding of the influence of the built environment on daily life for residents. Findings The three facilities were all architecturally varied and resembled “real” homes to varying degrees. Additionally, each entrance offered a different welcome to the external community, ranging from full accessibility to a closed and fortified appearance. Within each facility, the built environment afforded residents opportunities to participate in valued activities, including interacting with members of the wider community. Originality/value The inclusion of two disciplinary perspectives offers a richer discussion of the physical and social aspects of the care environments that would be offered by one perspective alone.
Storytelling and Values in a Family Business – An Ethnonarrative Study of the Hotel Queen Sophia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Values are the bedrock of family business culture and have great power to shape behaviours, decisions and priorities in these companies. Notwithstanding this, previous research has been unable to fully explain, how values are perceived and passed on in family firms. Additionally, scholars have not yet thoroughly explored the role of storytelling, for values transmission in family companies. Research in this area is important to better understand how values affect ownership, management and work in family firms. This thesis, based on an ethnographic case study of a Swedish hotel, investigates how values are conveyed through storytelling in a family-run business. It also examines how storytelling uncovers different perceptions of values – and how the notion of “family” occurs within the stories. Fieldwork was carried out during a sixmonth period and included participant observation and thirty-three semistructured interviews. Narrative analysis was used to interpret the findings, which reveal that the family and their firm are closely intertwined; the company’s values are strongly linked to the family. It also shows how storytelling plays an important role in transmitting values in the family business. This research makes a substantial contribution to existing knowledge. Firstly, it shows how values are disclosed and passed on in a family business. This increases knowledge of the process through which values are conveyed through storytelling and offers a thorough understanding of the complexity of this process. Secondly, this research reveals how the values of the organisation are embraced and exhibited – i.e. personified – in different ways. It suggests that this personification of values is linked to autonomy, which adds important knowledge to family business, and hospitality, research. Thirdly, this study makes a vital methodological contribution. The ethnonarrative approach and its focus on storytelling allowed for a deeper understanding of how values are conveyed, perceived and personified in family business.
Epidemics between Qadr and Ḥadhar: Insights from al-Nawawī (Epidemik Di antara Qadar dan Hadhar: Sorotan dari Al- Nawawi)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Being a great jurist and influential scholar with seminal works on hadith, theology, biography and jurisprudence, al-Nawawī’s (d. 1277) views on epidemics are of great significance in these days of the pandemic. This article explores his views and explanations vis-à-vis epidemic to find his perspectives on balance between qadr (predestination) and ḥadhar (precaution) by conducting a content analysis of his various texts. In this article, the authors mainly referred to his texts Sharaḥ Muslim, Riyaḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn, al-Majmūʿ Sharaḥ Muhadhdhab, Rawḍat al-Ṭālibīn and al- Adhkār al-Muntakhab. This study substantiates that in the view of al-Nawawī, Islam postulates a balanced position between taking precaution and faith in Allah’s decrees in dealing with the situations of an epidemic. Thus, it holistically complements the concepts of qadr and hadhar to guide people towards leading a faithful and safe life in the trying times of epidemic. Keywords: Qadr, Ḥadhar, Precaution, Predestination, Al-Nawawī, Hadith, Epidemic. Abstrak Sebagai seorang juri dan seorang sarjana yang terkenal dan berpengaruh dalam ilmu hadis, agama, biografi dan falsafah perundangan, pandagan Imam Nawawi [d1277] pada epidemik pada masa kini mempunyai kesan signifikan dalam waktu pandemik sekarang. Artikel ini meninjau pandangan dan penghuraian perspektif epidemik dan keseimbangan di antara qadar [takdir] dan hadhar [pencegahan] dengan mengkaji analisa kandungan pelbagai hasil penulisan. Dalam artikel ini penulis merujuk kepada penulisan Sharaḥ Muslim, Riyaḍ al-Ṣāaliḥīn, al-Majmūʿ Sharaḥ Muhadhdhab, Rawḍat al-Ṭālibīn dan al- Adhkār al-Muntakhab. Kajian ini juga membuktikan pendapat Imam Nawawi bahawa Islam mencakna keseimbangan kedudukan di antara mengambil langkah berjaga-jaga yakni pencegahan dan keyakinan kepada kekuasaan dan penentuan Allah swt dalam mengurus situasi epidemik dalam konsep Qada dan Hadhar. Kata Kunci: Qadar, Hadhar, Pencegahan, Takdir, al-Nawawi, Hadith, Epidemik.
How Chinese Native Speakers Handle Written Style Material in Reading and its Application in Second Language Acquisition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper, a new approach was employed to investigate the relationship between written Chinese and spoken Chinese. In a pilot study, how Chinese native speakers handle written style materials was investigated and compared with Chinese L2 learners. Preliminary findings reveal that both groups are aware of the variation of written levels in different genres. However, the written elements selected by Chinese native speakers include low frequency content words, content words related to the text theme, as well as idioms and poetic sentences. In addition, native speakers can interpret the written elements through their strong vocabulary knowledge, lexical network, and ability to apply their schema in reading. In contrast, L2 learners select more function words, classical words and idioms as written elements, and they lack the ability to interpret. The findings bear direct application on linguistic research and second language acquisition, and call for further research.
Unveiling the Virtual Assessment Realm: Exploring Students' Perceptions and Concerns in Online Assessments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The utilisation of computer-assisted assessment is on the rise, evolving into both synchronous and asynchronous online evaluation methods. This shift of assessment approach could pose a completely new concern for university students. Thus, using a quantitative approach, this study delves into the domain of online assessments, aiming to discern students' perspectives regarding this mode of evaluation. The primary objectives are to investigate students' perception of online assessments, explore their attitudes towards potential cheating in this context, and highlight their apprehensions concerning the shift towards digital assessment platforms. The data collection instrument involved the use of a questionnaire, which was created using Google Forms and subsequently distributed to the 146 respondents via Whatsapp application. The results revealed a favourable overall response to online assessments, with a significant majority of students refraining from engaging in cheating. By examining these aspects, the study provides valuable insights into the nuanced dynamics of online assessments, shedding light on students' viewpoints and concerns in this evolving educational landscape.
The Manitoba Provincial Architect's Office (1904-1916)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From the turn of the twentieth century to the onset of the First World War, Manitoba experienced extensive social, demographic, and economic changes. Additionally, the architectural profession in Canada went through a metamorphosis from a haphazard practice to a standardized profession. During this period, the Provincial Architect's Office (PAO) of the Manitoba Department of Public Works initiated and completed numerous new building projects. In the context of rapid changes, the PAO evolved to adjust. The Provincial Architects, Samuel Hooper (1904-11) and Victor Horwood (1911-15), were varyingly successful in fulfilling the demands of the Office and the directions in which the PAO was taken by the Ministers. The major building projects undertaken during Horwood's term vastly altered the role of the Provincial Architect and occasioned the demise of the PAO. Scandals associated with these projects served as a catalyst for the dissolution of the PAO in 1916 as a result of charges of mismanagement. Upon realizing the scope of the mismanagement, the Liberals, led by Tobias C. Norris, used the Office and Provincial Architect, Victor Horwood to disparage the Roblin Conservatives. By reviewing the Department of Public Works annual reports, focusing particularly on those of The Provincial Architect, I examine how the Manitoba Provincial Architect's Office changed and evolved to fit the rapidly changing world around it, as well as the changing directions of the Ministers. I analyze the design styles of the Provincial Architects to determine the messages which were conveyed to the public about the government. I then examine Reports of the various Royal Commissions convened to inquire into the major building projects to determine the roles of the Office, the Provincial Architect, and the Ministers.
Muslim Adolescent Moral Values and Coping Strategies among Muslim Female Adolescents Involved in Premarital Sex

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Islam is an official religion in Malaysia, and premarital sex is absolutely forbidden in Islam. Despite being an Islamic country the number of adolescents involved in premarital sex has increased each year. This study intends to find the relationship between Islamic moral values and the coping strategies among female adolescents involved in premarital sex. The study explores the demographic and the psychological profile of the participants of the study. The subject of this study consists of 238 occupants from four government shelter and rehabilitation homes. Moral Values Inventory for Muslim Adolescences (MVIMA) and Coping Strategy Inventory (adapted and translated into Malay Version from Spanish Version of Coping Strategies) were used in this study. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. For inferential data, the Pearson Correlation was used. Findings of the research show that there is a significant relationship between coping strategies and moral values among adolescences involved in pre-marital sex. The result of this study gives the implication that the female adolescent and their parents should be equipped with sex education as an early measure to prevent premarital sex and the diseases related to it. The implication of this study reflects the need of prevention and also rehabilitation programs to high risk group teenagers. Teenagers need to develop positive values toward self-respect and self-esteem as well as coping strategy through assertive training. This study addresses the limitations of data collection from rehabilitation centres under the provision of Social Welfare Department. Thus future study should include shelter home for teenage pregnant girls run by the non-government organizations. Future studies should also include qualitative approaches for more in-depth understanding of premarital sex among teenage girls in developing positive coping strategies in the process of recovering.
Conclusion: Recovering International Relations from Colonial Practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the preceding pages, I have argued that international theory, indeed social theory more generally, is cosmologically inflected in ways that (re)produce the restrictive hegemonic concepts, categories, and commitments of the dominating society. I have pointed out that there are important senses in which it is monological and spoken from positions of conspicuous privilege. I have gone so far as to claim that all theory is violent. And yet I do not propose that we either can or should want to dispense with theorizing, for to do so would be to accept a definition of theory as something it need not be. Bhabha draws our attention to what he describes as the "damaging and self-defeating assumption that theory is necessarily the elite language of the socially and culturally privileged" (Bhabha 1994: 19). It is nothing of the sort. It might, however, be fairly claimed that it has been appropriated by the socially and culturally privileged to the extent that it is they who have defined what counts as theory and what does not. It is thus that theory has mapped comfortably with the voice of the hegemonologue—a voice that, through the authority of its scholarly raconteurs, has had the audacity to hold that it, and it alone, speaks bona fide theory. Impoverishing International Relations, this pretension has underwritten the confinement of Indigenous people(s) to other disciplinary contexts as well as their treatment as objects of study rather than as credentialed speaking subjects in their own right.KeywordsIndigenous PeopleInternational RelationOral HistoryTheoretical CommitmentInternational TheoryThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Therapist schema activation and self-care

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The chapter discusses therapists' common schemas and modes and the ways they may hinder the therapy process, relationship and outcome if they remain unacknowledged and untreated. The Detached Protector, for example, can prevent a therapist from being in touch with their own pain and, at the same time, it may not 'allow' the patient's pain to surface and heal. Therapists' schemas and modes are often manifested in training and supervision with similar effect. Illustrations based on the authors' experience as therapists, trainers and supervisors are used to demonstrate potential problems that may arise in the therapy process. The chapter also explores the impact of cultural issues and adverse life circumstances on therapists' schemas and modes. Using specific examples drawn from the authors' cultural backgrounds, the challenge of sameness of cultural influences and life circumstances for the therapeutic dyad is explored. Therapist self-care focuses on enhancing awareness of existing patterns and their impact on the self and the therapy relationship. Ways of healing maladaptive patterns so that the therapists' needs are better met are discussed. Specific suggestions about strategies that therapists can employ are proposed.
Intermittent ovarian and thyroid failure and spontaneous twin pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intermittent failure of two endocrine systems is unusual and presents diagnostic and management challenges. We report a case of a young woman with intermittent thyroid and ovarian failure who had spontaneous twin gestation four years after the diagnosis of premature ovarian failure was made. This case demonstrates coincidental biochemical and clinical thyroid and ovarian failure both of which spontaneously resolved with no treatment, although subsequently irreversible hypothyroidism ensued after the initial recovery. Elevated gonadotrophins with a menopausal pattern on more than one occasion, in an amenorrhoeic patient with menopausal symptoms, usually indicates permanent ovarian failure. This case demonstrates that this may not be true and while this is probably a rare occurrence, clinicians need to be aware of this possibility. It also re-emphasizes the need to consider the clinical picture when interpreting biochemical results.
Cryptophagus kielhorni nov.sp. from Ethiopia with remarks on taxonymy and distribution of further species of Cryptophagus HERBST, 1792 in Africa (Coleoptera, Cryptophagidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Esser, Jens, R, Afrotropical (2021): Cryptophagus kielhorni nov.sp. from Ethiopia with remarks on taxonymy and distribution of further species of Cryptophagus HERBST, 1792 in Africa (Coleoptera, Cryptophagidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 53 (1): 55-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13153446
SEP: A General Lossless Compression Framework with Semantics Enhancement and Multi-Stream Pipelines

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep-learning-based lossless compression is of immense importance in real-world applications, such as cold data persistence, sensor data collection, and astronomical data transmission. However, existing compressors typically model data using single-byte symbols as tokens, which makes it hard to capture the inherent correlations and cannot effectively utilize the parallel capabilities of GPU and multi-core CPU. This paper proposes SEP, a novel lossless compression framework for most time-series backbone neural networks. We first introduce a semantic enhancement module to capture the complex intra-patch relationships of binary byte streams. To improve the compression speed, we design multi-stream pipelines that dynamically assign parallel tasks to GPU streams and multi-cores. We further propose a novel GPU memory optimization strategy, which reuses GPU memory by a shared pool across streams. We conduct experiments on seven real-world datasets and the results demonstrate that our SEP framework outperforms state-of-the-art compressors with an average speed improvement of 30.0% and an average compression ratio gain of 5.1%, which is further elevated to 7.6% with the use of pre-training models. The GPU memory footprint is reduced by as high as 63.1% and by an average of 36.2%. The source code is available at: https://github.com/damonwan1/SEP.
MINERAL OIL OVERLAY FOR CONSERVATION OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

C aplin , S amuel M. (Calif. Inst. Technol., Pasadena.) Mineral oil overlay for conservation of plant tissue cultures. Amer. Jour. Bot. 46(5): 324–329. Illus. 1959.—Used successfully by other workers for conservation of stock cultures of bacteria and fungi, mineral oil (m.o.) may also be used to conserve plant tissue cultures. Prolonged growth under m.o. does not appear to affect the ability of carrot tissue cultures to grow subsequently on subculture in air. In contrast with growth under liquid nutrient, which permitted little or no growth at depths greater than 15 mm., growth under m.o. was maintained at approximately ¼ of that of the controls up to 45 mm., the greatest depth tested. Better growth under m.o. is attributed to the 4 to 5 X greater solubility of oxygen in m.o. than in water. Insensitivity to depth under m.o. is ascribed to maintenance by diffusion of the oxygen concentration at the surface of the tissue. Under m.o. in the light, cultures became green and grew better, probably due to increased oxygen availability as the result of photosynthesis. Heavy m.o. appears to be equally as good as light oil for use as an overlay. Because of the slower growth of cultures under m.o., subculture periods may be lengthened from the order of 4–6 weeks to as many months, with attendant savings in effort, time, and materials.
Evaluation of umbilical cord blood CD34+hematopoietic stem cell expansion in co-culture with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the presence of TEPA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The results showed that co-culture of HSCs with BM-MSCs in the presence of copper chelating agent (TEPA) could dramatically increase expansion rate of UCB-HSCs. Therefore, this strategy could be useful for HSC expansion.
Exploring the Self-Killing Predestination Paradox in Time Travel

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This essay explores the self-killing predestination paradox with the help of a time travel scenario. To comprehend the effects of this paradox on causality, We use spacetime diagrams to investigate, make use of mathematical models, and analyze line cone overlapping. This study illustrates the difficulties and possible contradictions in time travel scenarios by offering a mathematical and graphic interpretation of the conundrum. The integration of insights from Smith et al. (2020) and Johnson and Lee (2019) offers a thorough understanding of temporal paradoxes and how they affect the essence of time.We investigate the causal loop and its consequences for spacetime by modeling the events of birth and time travel leading to the self-killing predestination paradox. This research also provides pieces of evidence that paradoxical regions can be represented by the Gaussian Distribution function and its effect on paradoxical regions.
Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities of Vanadyl Schiff Base Complexes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This review comprises some biological activities of vanadyl Schiff base complexes in terms of antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-fungal activity. The structure activity relationship for the potential biological activities of these compounds is also discussed.