jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Resistansi Identitas Budaya Jakarta dalam Novel Terjemahan yang Berjudul Twilight in DJakarta

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research is a translation study that examines the process of cultural transfer. It focuses on translation works that preserve the cultural identity of the source text within the target text. To address this issue, the study draws on theories from Baker and Newmark regarding translation strategies and equivalence, Ahimsa-Putra’s cultural categorization, and Venuti’s concepts of resistance in translation. The primary material for this research is the English novel “Twilight in Djakarta,” which is translated from the source text “Senja di Jakarta.” These primary sources yield data in the form of words and phrases that reflect Jakarta's cultural translation and terminology through documentation. To achieve accurate results, the study employs identity and descriptive-qualitative methods to illustrate the translator’s strategies for conveying the source language culture while maintaining its cultural content. The findings reveal that resistance to cultural terms manifests through loanwords, mixed strategies, and word-for-word translations. This approach not only preserves but also enriches the cultural meanings in the target text. Additionally, this research aims to contribute to the preservation and promotion of Indonesian culture in a global context by retaining cultural terms during translation. Ultimately, it suggests that readers of the target text can gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of the cultural context of the source text.
Study on the Nitrolysis of Hexamethylenetetramine by NMR Spectrometry. Part III: The NMR spectral data of some products and intermediates from the nitrolysis of HA

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts of methylene groups in nitric acid are reported for seven products and intermediates involved in the formation of 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (RDX) from the nitrolysis of hexamethylenetetramine (HA). Based on the results, the 1 H and 13 C chemical shift ranges of the methylene groups in different kinds of methylenenitramines from the nitrolysis liquors of HA were discussed.
The Economic Independence of Younger Generations and Influential Factors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to investigate the state of economic independence of Korean adolescents and young adults, and to explore potential factors that affect their independence. We surveyed 221 high school students on their economic independence and potential influencing factors (e.g. demographics, family relationships, economic satisfaction, etc.). The states of economic independence were divided into four stages; Stage 1 (strong), Stage 2 (average), Stage 3 (weak), and Stage 4 (very weak). We also analyzed big data from 116,797 young adults on their economic activity, based on a population survey provided by the Korea National Statistical Office. Among 221 survey respondents, 33.0% were classified as Stage 1, 22.6% as Stage 2, 29.9% as Stage 3, and 14.5% as Stage 4 of economic independence. Gender and age were statistically significant characteristics that relate to economic independence (P 0.05). The most common reason that students wanted to become economically independent was that they did not want to burden their families (57%). The data on the economic activity of young adults showed that long-term unemployment rates were higher for females and for younger ages than for other groups. Gender and age were factors that influenced both the economic independence of high school students and economic activity of young adults. Having a stronger will to become independent from an earlier age may have a positive effect on the economic activity of young adults.
Multi‐omics analysis to evaluate the effects of solar exposure and a broad‐spectrum SPF50+ sunscreen on markers of skin barrier function in a skin ecosystem model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Sun exposure induces major skin alterations, but its effects on skin metabolites and lipids remain largely unknown. Using an original reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model colonized with human microbiota and supplemented with human sebum, we previously showed that a single dose of simulated solar radiation (SSR) significantly impacted the skin metabolome and microbiota. In this article, we further analyzed SSR‐induced changes on skin metabolites and lipids in the same RHE model. Among the significantly altered metabolites (log2‐fold changes with p ≤ 0.05), we found several natural moisturizing factors (NMFs): amino acids, lactate, glycerol, urocanic acid, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and derivatives. Analyses of the stratum corneum lipids also showed that SSR induced lower levels of free fatty acids and higher levels of ceramides, cholesterols and its derivatives. An imbalance in NMFs and ceramides combined to an increase of proinflammatory lipids may participate in skin permeability barrier impairment, dehydration and inflammatory reaction to the sun. Our skin model also allowed the evaluation of an innovative ultraviolet/blue light (UV/BL) broad‐spectrum sunscreen with a high sun protection factor (SPF50+). We found that using this sunscreen prior to SSR exposure could in part prevent SSR‐induced alterations in NMFs and lipids in the skin ecosystem RHE model.
Estimating the Willingness to Pay for Livestock Product Attributes Produced at Mountainous Pasture: Focusing on the Beef

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

As the importance of animal welfare livestock grows in Korea, various kinds of government support programs for revitalizing ecological livestock industry are in effect. In particular, the promotion of livestock industry using mountainous pasture has been one of them. However, the biggest question is whether mountainous livestock is profitable, which is an important research topic that needs to be analyzed empirically. In this regard, we attempt to measure the value of livestock products produced at mountainous pasture, by estimating willingness to pay (WTP) for attributes of the beef sirloin using choice experiment (CE) method. The analysis result shows that consumers have greater WTP for the product when the grade of beef is higher, produced using mountainous pasture, and when it is from Hanwoo. What’s worth noticing is that WTP for the produced-using-mountainous-pasture attribute is estimated to be even larger than WTP for the grade and Hanwoo attribute. Such results serves as one of the evidences that producing beef at mountainous pasture might be a profitable business model if continuous efforts by both the private sector and the government to secure the economic viability of mountainous livestock are pursued.
Closed-loop photothermal therapy system based on photoacoustic and ultrasonic dual-mode temperature feedback

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a new type of noninvasive tumor treatment method that has appeared in recent years, and the key to PTT is to kill cancer cells with high temperature through the difference in temperature tolerance between healthy tissue and cancer tissue. However, due to the lack of noninvasive temperature measurement and precise imaging method to clearly define the edge of the tumor, there is a high possibility of under-treatment and over-treatment in the current PTT operation. In this study, a closed loop PTT system based on photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasonic (US) dual-mode temperature feedback is proposed, and an integrated dual-mode PTT treatment probe is designed. A closed-loop control algorithm based on PA and US dual-mode is proposed to achieve precise temperature regulation. The phantom experimental results show that the temperature control accuracy can reach 0.72 °C. In conclusion, the proposed system has a good application prospect in the field of PTT.
O05 The distribution of liver disease and associated risk factors in a large UK city

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Liver-related deaths are increasingly common in the UK and are particularly frequent amongst people of working age. Understanding the risk factors for liver disease and their distribution is necessary to allow for targeted public health and hepatology interventions to improve health. We aimed to describe the distribution of population-level risk factors for liver disease and current practice regarding liver testing in a large UK city.

Methods

Leeds is a large city of approximately 900,000 people in England with a single hospital provider, which also provides laboratory services to primary care. Lower super output areas (LSOA), geographical units of approximately 1500 people, were used as the unit of analysis. Severe liver disease (LD) was quantified from clinical coding of hospital admissions with liver disease over a two year period from January 2018 to December 2019. The number of liver blood tests (LBT) over the same period were quantified for each LSOA. Publically available data regarding deprivation, obesity, diabetes, and alcohol use for each LSOA were collated and compared to the incidence of liver disease. The relationship between the various public health measures, LBT and LD was analysed with linear regression. Distribution of disease and risk factors was visualised with maps and panel plots.

Results

Incidence of severe liver disease was not uniform across Leeds but showed significant variation across LSOA ranging between 1 – 199 admissions over the study period. Hazardous alcohol use (AUDIT score ≥ 16) (OR 2.80, p=0.037), severity of deprivation (OR 1.76 p<0.001) and obesity (odds ratio (OR) 1.13, p<0.001) were independent predictors of the incidence of severe liver disease. These risk factors clustered together geographically. Testing for liver disease with LBT was not associated with the incidence of liver disease or with the risk factors for liver disease and in fact was more frequent in areas of low disease prevalence.

Discussion

Deprivation, obesity and alcohol use, measured at a population level are associated with liver disease and tend to occur together. These findings underline the need for robust public-health solutions to reduce the prevalence of liver disease and suggest that case-finding undiagnosed liver disease could be targeted to areas of high prevalence.
EVIDENCE FOR DUST EVOLUTION WITHIN THE TAURUS COMPLEX FROMSPITZERIMAGES

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present Spitzer images of the Taurus Complex (TC) and take advantage of\nthe sensitivity and spatial resolution of the observations to characterize the\ndiffuse IR emission across the cloud. This work highlights evidence of dust\nevolution within the translucent sections of the archetype reference for\nstudies of quiescent molecular clouds. We combine Spitzer 160 um and IRAS 100\num observations to produce a dust temperature map and a far-IR dust opacity map\nat 5' resolution. The average dust temperature is about 14.5K with a dispersion\nof +/-1K across the cloud. The far-IR dust opacity is a factor 2 larger than\nthe average value for the diffuse ISM. This opacity increase and the\nattenuation of the radiation field (RF) both contribute to account for the\nlower emission temperature of the large grains. The structure of the TC\nsignificantly changes in the mid-IR images that trace emission from PAHs and\nVSGs. We focus our analysis of the mid-IR emission to a range of ecliptic\nlatitudes where the zodiacal light residuals are small. Within this cloud area,\nthere are no 8 and 24 um counterparts to the brightest 160 um emission\nfeatures. Conversely, the 8 and 24 um images reveal filamentary structure that\nis strikingly inconspicuous in the 160 um and extinction maps. The IR colors\nvary over sub-parsec distances across this filamentary structure. We compare\nthe observed colors with model calculations quantifying the impact of the RF\nintensity and the abundance of stochastically heated particles on the dust SED.\nTo match the range of observed colors, we have to invoke variations by a factor\nof a few of both the interstellar RF and the abundance of PAHs and VSGs. We\nconclude that within this filamentary structure a significant fraction of the\ndust mass cycles in and out the small size end of the dust size distribution.\n
The Effects of Latarjet Reconstruction on Glenohumeral Instability in the Presence of Combined Bony Defects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Recurrent glenohumeral instability is often a result of underlying bony defects in the glenoid and/or humeral head. Anterior glenoid augmentation with a bone block (i.e. Latarjet) has been recommended for glenoid bone loss in the face of recurrent instability. However, no study has investigated the effect of Latarjet augmentation in the setting of both glenoid and humeral head defects (Hill-Sachs Defects (HSD)). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability achieved through a Latarjet procedure in the presence of combined bony defects. Our hypothesis was that Latarjet augmentation would increase shoulder stability for glenoid defects with small HSD, but have limited success in cases with large concomitant HSD. Methods: Eighteen fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were tested at combinations of glenohumeral abduction (ABD) angles of 20°, 40°, and 60° and external rotation (ER) angles of 0°, 40°, and 80°. Each experiment applied a 50N medial load on the humerus to replicate the static load of soft tissues, and then simulated anterior dislocation by translating the glenoid in an anterior direction. Translational distance and medial-lateral displacement of the humeral head, along with horizontal reaction forces, were recorded for every trial. Specimens were tested in an intact condition (no defect), different combinations of defects, and with Latarjet augmentation. The Latarjet was performed for 20% and 30% glenoid defects by transferring the specimen’s coracoid process anterior to the glenoid flush with the articulating surface. Results: Results are summarized in Fig. 1. The vertical axis represents the normalized distance to dislocation with respect to the values of the intact joint. The horizontal axis represents the varying sizes and combinations of bony defects. Latarjet augmentation improved stability for every combination of bony defects. At 20° ABD, 0°ER, and 20% glenoid defect size, the percentage of intact translation did not change with increasing HSD size, and the Latarjet augmentation increased percent intact translation to greater than 100 percent for all cases (Fig. 1A). However, at 60° ABD, 80° ER, and 20% glenoid defect size, increasing HSD size caused decreased stability, and Latarjet augmentation did not increase the percent intact translation to normal levels for HSD sizes greater than 30% (Fig. 1B). Conclusion: This is first study to investigate and quantify the effect of Latarjet reconstruction on anterior shoulder instability in the presence of combined humeral head and glenoid defects. Clinically, these results demonstrate that some degree of stability can be regained for combined bony Bankart and Hill-Sachs defects with a Latarjet procedure. However, for humeral defects larger than 30%, the HSD led to persistent instability in the abducted externally rotated position, even after the Latarjet procedure. Thus, directly addressing the humeral defect to restore the articular surface should be considered in these cases.
Predictive accuracy of systolic blood pressure to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ratio versus TIMI score for short-term mortality after primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive performance of systolic blood pressure (SBP) to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) ratio for the prediction of in-hospital and short-term mortality in a contemporary cohort of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a tertiary care cardiac center. Methods: This study included a consecutive series of patients diagnosed with STEMI who underwent primary PCI. The SBP/LVEDP ratio and TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) score were calculated, and their ability to predict in-hospital and short-term mortality was evaluated by analyzing the area under the curve (AUC) on the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Results: This study involved 977 patients, with 780 (79.8%) being male and a mean age of 55.6±11.5 years. Among them, 191 (19.5%) had an SBP/LVEDP≤5.4. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4.3% (42), and the short-term all-cause mortality rate after a mean follow-up of 5.9±2.4 months was 15% (140). Patients with SBP/LVEDP≤5.4 had higher in-hospital mortality rates (14.1% vs. 1.9%; P<0.001) and short-term mortality rates (35.1% vs. 9.8%; P<0.001) compared to those with SBP/LVEDP>5.4. The AUCs of SBP/LVEDP and TIMI for predicting in-hospital mortality were 0.766 [0.681-0.851] and 0.787 [0.713-0.861], respectively. For short-term mortality, the AUCs of SBP/LVEDP and TIMI were 0.731 [0.682-0.780] and 0.736 [0.690-0.782], respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, SBP/LVEDP showed sufficiently high predictive power comparable to the TIMI risk score. SBP/LVEDP is a readily available ratio that can rapidly provide valuable prognostic information during primary PCI.
Sebaceous lipids are essential for water repulsion, protection against UVB-induced apoptosis, and ocular integrity in mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sebocytes, cells characterized by lipid accumulation leading to cell disruption, can be found in hair follicle-associated sebaceous glands (SGs) or in free SGs such as the Meibomian glands in the eyelids. Because genetic tools allowing sebocyte targeting while maintaining intact epidermal lipids are lacking, the relevance of sebaceous lipids in health and disease remains poorly understood. Using Scd3, a gene expressed exclusively in mature sebocytes, we established a mouse line with sebocyte-specific expression of cre recombinase. Both RT-PCR analysis and crossing into Rosa26-LacZ reporter mice and KrasG12D mice confirmed cre activity specifically in SGs, with no activity in other skin compartments. Importantly, loss of SCD3 function did not cause detectable phenotypical alterations, endorsing the usefulness of Scd3cre mice for further functional studies. Scd3cre-induced, diphtheria chain A toxin-mediated depletion of sebaceous lipids resulted in impaired water repulsion and thermoregulation, increased rates of UVB-induced epidermal apoptosis, and caused a severe pathology of the ocular surface resembling Meibomian gland dysfunction. This novel mouse line will be useful for further investigating the roles of sebaceous lipids in skin and eye integrity.
Which Augmentation Should I Use? An Empirical Investigation of Augmentations for Self-Supervised Phonocardiogram Representation Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Despite recent advancements in deep learning, its application in real-world medical settings, such as phonocardiogram (PCG) classification, remains limited. A significant barrier is the lack of high-quality annotated datasets, which hampers the development of robust, generalizable models that can perform well on newly collected, out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) contrastive learning, has shown promise in mitigating the issue of data scarcity by using unlabeled data to enhance model robustness. Even though SSL methods have been proposed and researched in other domains, works focusing on the impact of data augmentations on model robustness for PCG classification are limited. In particular, while augmentations are a key component in SSL, selecting the most suitable policy during training is highly challenging. Improper augmentations can lead to substantial performance degradation and even hinder a network's ability to learn meaningful representations. Addressing this gap, our research aims to explore and evaluate a wide range of audio-based augmentations and uncover combinations that enhance SSL model performance in PCG classification. We conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis across multiple datasets, assessing the impact of various augmentations on model performance. Our findings reveal that depending on the training distribution, augmentation choice significantly influences model robustness, with fully-supervised models experiencing up to a 32\% drop in effectiveness when evaluated on unseen data, while SSL models demonstrate greater resilience, losing only 10\% or even improving in some cases. This study also highlights the most promising and appropriate augmentations for PCG signal processing, by calculating their effect size on training. These insights equip researchers with valuable guidelines for developing reliable models in PCG signal processing.
The civic religion of Anatolii Koni

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Anatolii Koni (1844–1927) was one of imperial Russia’s best-known jurists. Koni launched his career shortly after the Judicial Reform of 1864 and thus belonged to the first generation of reform-era jurists. The most notorious event of his career occurred in 1878, when he presided over the court that acquitted Vera Zasulich, a terrorist who had attempted to assassinate the governor-general of St. Petersburg. Koni survived the political fallout and went on to play a prominent role in Russian judicial affairs into the twentieth century. This chapter focuses on Koni’s religiosity, an aspect of his outlook that has not received scholarly treatment. A prophetic and progressive civic faith that also resonated with the Russian Orthodox tradition inspired Koni’s work. This chapter illustrates Koni’s religious and judicial values by examining his portraits of fellow jurists (Sergei Zarudnyi, Aleksandr Urusov, Fedor Plevako), his presidency at the trial of Vera Zasulich, and his role in the exoneration of the peasants of Multan, members of an ethnic minority who were accused of religious violence.
Large Eddy Simulation of Sprinkler Interaction with a Fire Ceiling Jet

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A large eddy simulation (LES) CFD model is used to predict water sprinkler spray interaction with a fire environment. The emphasis is on computing gas temperatures and velocities induced by sprinkler discharge onto the ceiling jet flow. Results are presented for two different water discharge rates, in addition to simulation of free-burning fire. Extensive variation of physical and numerical parameters is performed to investigate the robustness of the predictions. The results of the computations compare favorably to measurements from full-scale fire tests reported in the literature, indicating good accuracy of LES approach in application to practical fire design problems. Results are also compared with the earlier treatment of the same problem using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach.