jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Insect growth inhibition and antifeedant activity of culture filtrate extracts of Bacillus licheniformis.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cell free culture filtrate of Bacillus licheniformis isolated from rhizosphere soil of a healthy tomato plant was extracted with ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and hexane. After removal of solvents these extracts were tested for antifeedant and insect growth activity against 3rd instars larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. Maximum antifeedant activity was exhibited by ethanol extract (Al50= 0.019%) and minimum by hexane extract (0.088%). The larval mortality ranged from 10.0–70.0% in different extracts. Two polar metabolites separated from ethanol extract showed Al50 of 0.015 and 0.053%.
Densenet 169-Based Plant Disease Detection of PlantVillage Dataset

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Using the PlantVillage dataset and a DenseNet-169-based spatial attention module, this article introducesa unique method for plant disease diagnosis. Because plant diseases can have a major influence onagricultural productivity, prompt intervention depends on precise identification.The intricacies and variances found in plant disease photos are frequently too much for conventionaltechniques to handle. We use DenseNet-169's strong feature extraction capabilities and supplement themwith a spatial attention module that highlights the most pertinent areas of the images in order to overcomethese difficulties. Additionally, we use fine-tuning methods to maximize our model's performance. Byfine-tuning, the DenseNet-169 architecture may better adjust to the unique features of the PlantVillagedataset, increasing its accuracy and resilience. When paired with spatial attention and fine-tuning,DenseNet-169 performs better than baseline models, attaining higher classification accuracy across arange of plant illnesses. Our results demonstrate how well DenseNet-169 may be integrated withfine-tuning and spatial attention processes for the diagnosis of plant diseases. This approach has thepotential to significantly improve crop management and yield by increasing detection accuracy andfostering more automated and dependable agricultural operations.
Different effects of thymidine and 5-fluorouracil 2′-deoxyriboside on biosynthetic events in cultured P815Y mast cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. Addition of 2mm-thymidine, although resulting in the cessation of cell division, allows the continuation of phospholipid and protein synthesis and results in an increase in mean cell volume for at least 15h. 2. 5-Fluorouracil 2′-deoxyriboside inhibits cell division but differs from thymidine by inhibiting the synthesis of phospholipid and protein in a more marked manner. 3. The relation between these results and the P815Y cell cycle is discussed.
Synthesis, characterisation, and reactivity of (η6-indene)(η-indenyl)rhenium: a precursor to hetero-bimetallic (µ-η3:η6-indenyl) derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The compound [Re(η6-C9H8)(η5-C9H7)] formed by co-condensation of rhenium atoms with indene deprotonates with KH giving the ionic compound K+[Re(η6-C9H7)]– which reacts with [Rh(η-C8H12)Cl]2 to from [Re(η5-C9H7)(µ-η6 : η3-C9H7)Rh(η4-C8H12)].
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF QUALITY CHARACTERS IN YELLOW-SEEDED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) OF DIFFERENT ORIGINS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Twenty-eight cross combinations were made with 7 yellow seeded rapeseed (Brassica napus) lines according to Griffing Ⅱ procedure and data of 9 quality-related characters were recorded. Variance analysis showed that no significant differences were present between repetitions while differences among the 9 character combinations were significant statistically. Significant differences were also observed between the parents in fiber content of the hull, oil content of the seed, the hull and the embryo, tannin content in the embryo, 1000-seed weight and yellow degree. Correlation analysis was then made with the 9 characters and path analysis was made with seed oil content and embryo protein content as the target characters. Some new view points are presented concerning quality breeding of rapeseed for the reference in yellow-seeded rape breeding.
Inerolysin, a Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysin Produced by Lactobacillus iners

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Lactobacillus iners is a common constituent of the human vaginal microbiota. This species was only recently characterized due to its fastidious growth requirements and has been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis. Here we present the identification and molecular characterization of a protein toxin produced by L . iners . The L . iners genome encodes an open reading frame with significant primary sequence similarity to intermedilysin (ILY; 69.2% similarity) and vaginolysin (VLY; 68.4% similarity), the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins from Streptococcus intermedius and Gardnerella vaginalis , respectively. Clinical isolates of L . iners produce this protein, inerolysin (INY), during growth in vitro , as assessed by Western analysis. INY is a pore-forming toxin that is activated by reducing agents and inhibited by excess cholesterol. It is active across a pH range of 4.5 to 6.0 but is inactive at pH 7.4. At sublytic concentrations, INY activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and allows entry of fluorescent phalloidin into the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. Unlike VLY and ILY, which are human specific, INY is active against cells from a broad range of species. INY represents a new target for studies directed at understanding the role of L . iners in states of health and disease at the vaginal mucosal surface.
Fatigue crack growth analysis of aircraft structural material

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An experimental fatigue life analysis was performed using the Air Force Growth(AFGROW) crack life prediction software for predicting the life of aircraft structural components. The research was twofold. Firstly was to gain exposure into a commercially available software AFGROW and the second was to predict the services life‟s and crack propagation characteristics of the aircraft component parts. It was shown during the course of the experiments that the fatigue life‟s can be performed with reasonable accuracy and efficiency. This was demonstrated by investigations firstly on flat plate aluminum alloys with surface cracks and then validated by comparing it with experimental test date. This research was also done on typical aircraft lugs to predict the service life of aircraft component parts and simulate the crack propagation lines in a practical manner.
Is there a method in this… madness? On variance between two manuscript copies of a Middle English Psalter

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The objective of the paper is to determine the extent and the possible sources of the intertextual lexical variation between two manuscript copies of a single Middle English Psalter known, among other names, as the Middle English Glossed Prose Psalter. The purpose of the paper can be understood only if one approaches the variance from a medieval perspective on text with respect for the inherent features of manuscript culture and an understanding of the exceptional character of the text analysed in the study, which topics are briefly discussed within the paper. The extent of the variance is measured in relation to the nominal choices attested in the two copies of the text, the rationale behind the variation being sought separately in each case, taking into account the contextual intricacies of all the occurrences of the nouns under analysis.
Characterization of a Novel Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Antigen from Group B Streptococci That Elicits Protective Immunity

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Group B streptococci (GBS) usually behave as commensal organisms that asymptomatically colonize the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts of adults. However, GBS are also pathogens and the leading bacterial cause of life-threatening invasive disease in neonates. While the events leading to transmission and disease in neonates remain unclear, GBS carriage and level of colonization in the mother have been shown to be significant risk factors associated with invasive infection. Surface antigens represent ideal vaccine targets for eliciting antibodies that can act as opsonins and/or inhibit colonization and invasion. Using a genetic screen for exported proteins in GBS, we identified a gene, designated lrrG , that encodes a novel LPXTG anchored surface antigen containing leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs found in bacterial invasins and other members of the LRR protein family. Southern blotting showed that lrrG was present in all GBS strains tested, representing the nine serotypes, and revealed the presence of an lrrG homologue in Streptococcus pyogenes . Recombinant LrrG protein was shown in vitro to adhere to epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that it may function as an adhesion factor in GBS. More importantly, immunization with recombinant LrrG elicited a strong immunoglobulin G response in CBA/ca mice and protected against lethal challenge with virulent GBS. The data presented in this report suggest that this conserved protein is a highly promising candidate antigen for use in a GBS vaccine.
BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY IN NORMOTENSIVE PATIENTS - CORRELATION TO BODY MASS INDEX AND AGE: PP.8.321

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to show the differences in BPV regarding gender, age and body mass index (BMI) in normotensive patients. The study included 40 normotensive patients (22 women and 18 men. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed using Spacelab 90217 monitor. From these measurements we obtained data on overall (o), wake (w) and sleep (s) systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP) heart rate (HR) and percentage of time when SBP, DBP and MAP were above limits (%TAL). Patients were divided into groups regarding gender, BMI < or > 25 kg/m2 and age < or > 40. Three ABPMs were not technically acceptable, and three cases of hypertension were detected (2 men and 1 woman). Thirty-four ABPMs were statistically analyzed (21 female, 13 male). There were no significant differences in age or BMI between men and women or within groups. oSBP (p = 0.028), oPP and oPP variability (p = 0.023, p = 0.005, respectively), o%TAL of SBP (p = 0.048), wSBP and BPV of wSBP (p = 0.031 and p = 0.005, respectively) were significantly higher in group of patients with BMI > 25 kg/m2. BPV of wDBP correlated to BMI in women (p = 0.008). Men had significantly higher oSBP compared to women (p = 0.029) as well as BPV of oSBP (p = 0.01). They had significantly greater o%TAL of SBP (p = 0.02) and o%TAL of DBP (p = 0.018) as well as wSBP (p = 0.02). oSBP and o%TAL of SBP correlated to BMI in women (p = 0.012, p = 0.02, respectively), but not in men. Both absolute blood pressure values and BPV of systolic blood pressure during the daytime correlated with BMI in all patients. This study showed connection between BPV of diastolic blood pressure during the nighttime and BMI of female patients. No difference in BPV was detected regarding the age of patients. Men have higher SBP and BPV of SBP then women during the 24 hour period as well as longer period of time with values above limits.
NiS<sub>2</sub>‑Coated\nCarbon Fiber Paper Decorated\nwith MoS<sub>2</sub> Nanosheets for Hydrogen Evolution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

It is of great significance to develop highly conductive\ncatalysts\ncombined with bimetal sulfide hybrids for the hydrogen evolution reaction\n(HER). Herein, an efficient electrocatalyst with NiS<sub>2</sub>@MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheet arrays decorating carbon fiber paper (NiS<sub>2</sub>@MoS<sub>2</sub>/CFP nanocatalyst) is synthesized through a two-step\nsolvothermal process. Carbon fiber paper provides great electrical\nconductivity and stability for NiS<sub>2</sub>@MoS<sub>2</sub>/CFP.\nMoreover, MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets are covered on the surface of\nthe NiS<sub>2</sub> nanosheet via a simple two-step temperature control\nmethod in a solvothermal process. The growth of two-dimensional NiS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets improves the loading area of MoS<sub>2</sub>,\nthus providing plenty of electroactive sites. The obtained NiS<sub>2</sub>@MoS<sub>2</sub>/CFP delivers a competitive overpotential\nof 95 mV at the benchmark current density of 10 mA cm<sup>–2</sup> and achieves a small Tafel slope of 65 mV dec<sup>–1</sup>, indicating the great HER performance of the NiS<sub>2</sub>@MoS<sub>2</sub>/CFP nanocatalyst. Moreover, NiS<sub>2</sub>@MoS<sub>2</sub>/CFP shows robust stability after 24 h of continuous operation toward\nthe HER in an acidic solution. This work provides a method to design\nhigh-efficient HER electrocatalysts through combining bimetal sulfide\nhybrids with a conductive substrate.
Tailing of Halogen-Containing Solvents in Capillary Gas Chromatography with Flame-Ionization Detection

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

It is found that excessive peak tailing associated with the elution of halogen-containing solvents can be eliminated by cleaning the flame-ionization detector flame tip of the gas chromatograph using an ultrasonic bath. The tailing of halogen-containing solvents is explained in terms of traces of involatile or polymeric material in the flame tip, which, by reacting with such solvents at high temperatures, produces slightly more volatile products. The evaporation of these products could be responsible for what appears to be a tailing solvent-elution profile.
'Shari'ah Corporation': the legal entity of corporation from the Malaysian law and Shari'ah perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Under the Malaysian law which is based on the English law, companies are recognised as a legal person and the metaphor of corporate personality is used to justify the company’s legal framework. As a creature of the statute, companies’ totally depend on the Companies Act. On the other hand, under Shari’ah, the existence of business entity is based upon agreement between the parties and the legal basis of Shari’ah business structure is the contractual principles. With the recent rapid development in Shari’ah compliance businesses in Malaysia, such as Islamic finance and halal products, there is a question on whether Shari’ah businesses could be carried out in a civil law business structure. This paper analyse companies’ legal framework under the Malaysian law and compare them with the principles of Shari’ah. The outcome of this paper is a proposal for a legal framework of an Islamic corporation.
Automatic Determination of Clomipramine, Imipramine and Their Demethylated Metabolites in Plasma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Determination of tricyclic antidepressant drugs (clomipramine, imipramine and their demethylated metabolites) in plasma can be carried out by extraction on a precolumn (n-octyl bonded silica gel) and washing with phosphate buffer (0.005 M, pH = 11.5). The elution is carried out on-line (with back-flush) on an alkylnitrile bonded silica gel column with the mobile phase: acetonitrile-methanolphosphate buffer 0.005 M, pH = 7.2, 50: 25: 30 (v/v). The AASP (Advanced Automated Sample Processor) allows full automatization for this determination. The total analysis time is only 10 minutes. The obtained reproducibility is 5.6% for clomipramine and 4% for demethylclomipramine while the detection limit (10 μL−1) is lower than the therapeutic concentrations of these antidepressants (and metabolites) in plasma. The correlation with the classical (but tedious) method involving liquid-liquid extraction is excellent.
Superconductivity at Pd/Bi2Se3 Interfaces Due to Self-Formed PdBiSe Interlayers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Understanding the physical and chemical processes at the interfaces of metals and topological insulators is crucial for the development of the next generation of topological quantum devices. Here, we report the discovery of robust superconductivity in Pd/Bi2Se3 bilayers fabricated by sputtering Pd on the surface of Bi2Se3. Through transmission electron microscopy measurements, we identify that the observed interfacial superconductivity originates from the diffusion of Pd into Bi2Se3. In the diffusion region, Pd chemically reacts with Bi2Se3 and forms a layer of PdBiSe, a known superconductor with a bulk transition temperature of 1.5 K. Our work provides a method for the introduction of superconductivity into Bi2Se3, laying the foundation for the development of sophisticated Bi2Se3-based topological devices.
How do the leadership strategies of middle leaders affect teachers’ learning in schools? A case study from China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research on how to support school-based teacher learning has largely focused on the role of leaders at the top of the school organisation. It has paid little attention to middle leaders, who directly initiate and are deeply involved in teachers' learning processes. Linking leadership constructs with organisational learning, we examined how middle leaders practise leadership to support teachers' learning and professional development in school-based settings. Taking a qualitative case-comparison approach, we recruited 22 teachers and middle leaders from two school-based communities in a secondary school in Shanghai, China. We found that two combinations of leadership approaches were enacted by middle leaders to motivate various forms of learning for change. A bureaucratic leadership approach, supplemented by professional strategies, supported teachers' performance-oriented learning; and a coordinated bureaucratic and professional leadership approach supported teachers' meaning-oriented learning. Different interpretations of the role of middle leaders and the goals of school-based teacher learning and professional development resulted in various combinations of leadership strategies, which shaped the form and quality of learning. We further suggest ways to promote teachers' sustainable learning and professional development in school settings.
The building of future self-body image by stroke survivors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the building of future self-body image (possible body self) at each stage by stroke survivors. In semi-structured interviews, 15 stroke survivors looked back on their experiences from disease development to the present. Data analysis employing a modified grounded theory approach revealed that, at each, stage stroke survivors simultaneously held in mind several possible body selves, such as hoped for body selves, feared body selves and probable body selves. The study also showed that stroke survivors imagined various possible body selves even at the so-called chronic stage, more than 2.5 years after disease development. Stroke survivors live in an ambivalent, changeable state colored by expectation and resignation.
Canard-body-tail missile test at angles of attack to 50 deg in the Ames 11-foot transonic wind tunnel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Blunted ogive cylinder missile models with a length-to-diameter ratio of 10.4 were tested at transonic speeds and large angles of attack in an 11 foot transonic wind tunnel. The configurations are: body, body with tail panels, body with canards, and body with canards and tails. Forces and moments from the entire model and each of the eight fins were measured over the pitch range of 20 deg to 50 deg, and roll angles of 0 deg to 45 deg and canard deflection angles between 0 deg and 15 deg. The Reynolds number ranged from 3.9 x 10 to the 6th power per meter. Large side forces and yawing moments were observed for some of the test cases involving a symmetric geometry.
Reversal of cannabinoids (Δ9-THC) by the benzoflavone moiety from methanol extract of Passiflora incarnata Linneaus in mice: a possible therapy for cannabinoid addiction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The newly reported benzoflavone moiety from the plant Passiflora incarnata Linneaus has been evaluated in light of traditional reports on the use of P. incarnata in breaking down cannabis addiction. In the modern or allopathic system of therapeutics, there has been no suitable remedy to combat the severe withdrawal effects of various cannabis products, including marihuana, marijuana, bhang, hashish, ganja, etc., the world-wide consumption of which has attained alarming proportions especially among the younger generation. Mice were given a 10-mg-kg−1 twice-daily dose of δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (δ9-THC) by mouth for six days to make them dependent upon cannabinoids. Concurrently, other groups of mice were administered δ9-THC along with a 10- or 20-mg-kg−1 twice-daily dose of the benzoflavone moiety from P. incarnata orally for 6 days. Upon measuring locomotor activity during the treatment regimen, it was noticed that the mice receiving the P. incarnata extract and δ9-THC together developed significantly less tolerance and dependence, relative to the mice receiving δ9-THC alone. Upon administration of SR-141716A, a selective cannabinoid-receptor antagonist (10 mg kg−1, p.o.) to all the groups of mice on the 7th day, an artificial withdrawal was produced due to an abrupt decline of δ9-THC levels in mouse brain. However, the typical withdrawal effects like paw tremors and head shakes were significantly less in the mice given δ9-THC + P. incarnata benzoflavone moiety for 6 days. Upon administration of 20 mg kg−1 of the P. incarnata benzoflavone moiety to mice showing severe symptoms of withdrawal due to administration of SR-141716A, there was a marked attenuation of withdrawal effects, thereby suggesting the usefulness of the benzoflavone moiety in δ9-THC withdrawal. Thus, the benzoflavone moiety of P. incarnata, when administered concurrently with δ9-THC, prevented the development of tolerance and dependence of cannabinoids in mice. Even an acute administration of the benzoflavone moiety (20 mg kg−1, p.o.) significantly blocked the expression of withdrawal effects in δ9-THC-dependent mice.