jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Drug Resistance in Parasitic Infections

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Drug resistance is an ever-growing global issue in the livestock sector. In this chapter, we cover mechanisms of antiparasitic resistance, different measures to control the development of antiparasitic resistance and the clues in favour of its development as well as relevant on-farm experiences with their adoption. Although most of the studies consisted of endoparasites of small ruminants, we have tried to take a broader perspective of general concepts and attributes related to a wide range of host species.
Nutrition intake among the Japanese elderly: an intergenerational comparison based on national health and nutrition survey scores

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Context: The average Japanese lifespan became the longest in the world in 1986. What factors give the Japanese this longevity? Washoku, or the traditional Japanese diet, is respected globally for its nutritionally-balanced and healthy eating habits. This uniquely Japanese way of eating may be one factor that helps extend the Japanese lifespan. Objective: To explain the nutrition intake characteristics of today's Japanese elderly compared with their children's generation and to discuss the association between nutrition intake and various diseases and health issues in the general adult population. Methods: This study compared the characteristics of nutrition status and nutrition intake among today's elderly and their children's generation by using National Health and Nutrition Survey scores. Results: Japanese elderly had high adequacy in all nutrients as well as a high intake of potatoes, pulses, vegetables, fruits, algae, and fish and shellfish compared with their children's generation. Conclusion: Nutrition intake among the Japanese elderly had the characteristics of washoku, but these characteristics were not passed on to the next generation. Extension of the average lifespan and improved health could be achieved by modifying nutrition intake, even after reaching the age of onset of lifestyle- and age-related diseases, typically the 50s.
Calculations on the decrease of genetic variation due to the founder effect

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The expected amount of genetic variation in the progeny population (50 or 5000 individuals) of a founder group (2–50 individuals) sampled from a large base population was calculated. The measures of diversity at a locus were the expected allelic entropy, the expected number of alleles and the probability that all the alleles existing in the base population reach the progeny population. The initial number of alleles per locus in the base population was 2 or 5. At equal initial allele frequencies the expected loss of the allelic entropy was larger than that of the number of alleles. At a locus with one main allele and rare alleles the expected allelic entropy decreased less than the expected number of alleles. For a 2-allelic locus (initial gene frequencies 0.99 and 0.01) in the case of 24 founders the expected losses of the allelic entropy and the number of alleles were about 20 % and 30 %, respectively. For a 5-allelic locus (initial frequency of the most common allele 0.99, frequencies of the other alleles 0.0025) the corresponding losses were about 30 % and 70 %. If a minimum gene frequency 0.01 is assumed, about 200 and 500 founders are needed for the conservation of 99 % of the original number of alleles and the allelic entropy, respectively.
AN ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS STRATEGY TO INCREASESUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVENESS IN STREET VENDORS (STUDIES IN MANG UDIN ICE BUSINESS IN BANDAR LAMPUNG)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Street Vendors is one small business that is growing rapidly in Bandar Lampung. One of them is the Mang Udin Ice business located in front of Pasar Mangga Dua Bandar Lampung.The formulation of the problems of this study are: Business strategy what can be done to increase sustainable competitiveness?The purpose of this study was to determine the business strategy of what can be done to increase sustainable competitiveness.This study used a qualitative descriptive method by using primary and secondary data; and data collection techniques by observation, interviews, documentation and questionnaires; as well as qualitative analysis method by SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities And Threats). Based on the analysis diagram Cartesian SWOT obtainedMang Udin Ice Business located in Quadrant I, business strategies can be implemented to increase sustainable competitiveness is the generic strategies are: Cost Advantage Strategy (buy raw materials in large quantities and reduce the cost of labor),Differentiation Strategy (multiply choice pruduk and increase product quality, adding a type of food products, open new business branches and do joint ventures), Focus Strategy (maintain the quality products and always maintain the cleanliness).Based on the analysis Strategic SWOT matrix, the highest scores were effective to increase sustainable competitiveness is Strength OpportunityStrategy (SO) with a score of 3.07, followed successively by Weakness Opportunity Strategy (WO) with a score of 2.57, Strength Threats Strategy(ST) with a score of 2.02 and Weakness ThreatsStrategy (WT) with a score of 1.52. Business strategy that can be performed on SO are: increase the quality of products that are superior to the competitors, increase product choice, keep clean; the WO are: increase the choice of products, open new business branches, add facilities (seating), and increase the number of workers who can be trusted; in ST are: increase the quality of products that are superior to the competitors, always maintain cleanliness and to reassess the business; and the WT are: product innovation in order to increase the variety and quality of products, as well as doing a good joint venture with the owners of capital or other business.
Assessment of Displacement Damage Effects in the Radio-Electronic Equipment of a Landing Module of the Spacecraft Exomars-2020

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we calculate the equivalent flux and nonionization dose of neutrons emitted by plutonium dioxide-based radioisotope thermal blocks (TBs) mounted as assemblies on the landing module (LM) of the spacecraft (SC) Exomars-2020. These parameters characterize the nonionization interaction of neutrons with materials of modern integrated circuits (ICs), the so-called displacement effects or structural damage. As an example, an assessment was performed for Russian devices installed on the LM at minimal distances from the TB assemblies. The results are compared with typical values ​​of IC resistance to structural damage. The sizes of the characteristic areas of the device location on the LM, where displacement effects in the IC components cannot be neglected, and moreover, can cause device failure, are also determined.
Isotopic response of labetalol‐associated lichen planus pemphigoides on an old radiation site: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Over the years, the occurrences of different types of skin disorders arising from radiation sites have been observed and studied. Examples include autoimmune blistering diseases such as pemphigus, pemphigoid, and interface or inflammatory reaction patterns such as lichen planus, lupus erythematosus, and Stevens‐Johnson syndrome. The phenomenon whereby a new skin disorder arises from a previously healed or irradiated site is called an isotopic response, described as a type of Koebner phenomenon. Ionizing radiation itself can profoundly affect the skin. Both early and late changes can present, which typify the progression of changes following irradiation of the skin. Herein, we report a rare case of labetalol‐associated lichen planus pemphigoides that occurred at the site treated with radiation for a soft tissue malignancy after 19 years as a result of an isotopic response. The rash was well‐controlled after therapy and kept a 4‐year remission. The same skin reaction recurred after the reintroduction of labetalol 4 years later.
Diet and Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Letters15 August 1993Diet and Colorectal Adenomatous PolypsAjay AnandAjay AnandSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-4-199308150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The study by Neugut and colleagues [1] represents an important advance in our understanding of the role of diet in the multistep progression to colorectal cancer.The investigators state that three case–control studies have explored the association of adenomatous polyps with diet. I would like to draw their attention to a study by Kune and colleagues [2] that compared 49 patients who had one or more histologically confirmed adenomatous polyps larger than 1 cm in diameter with a community control group. Those with adenomatous polyps were found to have a low fiber and vegetable intake (P = ...References1. Neugut AI, Garbowski GC, Lee WC, Murray T, Nieves JW, Forde KA, et al. Dietary risk factors for the incidence and recurrence of colorectal adenomatous polyps: a case–control study. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:91-5. Google Scholar2. Kune GA, Kune S, Read A, MacGowan K, Penfold C, Watson LF. Colorectal polyps, diet, alcohol and family history of colorectal cancer: a case–control study. Nutr Cancer. 1991; 16:25-30. Google Scholar3. Lipkin M, Newmark H. Effect of added dietary calcium on colonic epithelial-cell proliferation in subjects at high risk for familial colonic cancer. N Engl J Med. 1985; 313:1381-4. Google Scholar4. Shike M, Al-Sabbagh MR, Friedman E, et al. The effect of dietary fat on human colonic cell proliferation. Gastroenterology. 1991; 100: A401. Google Scholar5. Friedman E, Isaksson P, Rafter J, Marian B, Winawer S, Newmark K. Fecal diglycerides as selective endogenous mitogens for premalignant and malignant human colonic epithelial cells. Cancer Res. 1989; 49:544-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ajay Anand PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1993Volume 119, Issue 4Page: 343KeywordsCancer risk factorsCell proliferationCellsColorectal cancerDietFatsMedical risk factorsMilkMucous membranesThymidines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Immunocytochemical Identification of Pit-1 Containing Cells in the Anterior Pituitary of Hens

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Our goal was to identify the cells expressing Pit-1 protein in chicken anterior pituitary. The anterior pituitaries were collected from laying hens after perfusion with formalin-PBS, and fixed with Bouin's fixative followed by paraffin embedding. Sections of the anterior pituitaries were immunostained for Pit-1 in the first staining sequence followed by staining for 6 types of pituitary hormones in the second sequence. Pit-1 positive nuclei were observed in the glandular cells in both the cephalic and caudal lobes. Pit-1 immunoreaction products were colocalized in the glandular cells immunopositive for growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone or prolactin. These results indicate that Pit-1 protein induction occurs in 6 types of glandular cells, suggesting that Pit-1 may regulate hormone synthesis in each glandular cell in the chicken pituitary.
Urban-rural differences in children’s and adolescent’s physical activity and screen time trends across 15 years

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: Urban and rural areas experienced rapid developments over the last decade, but it is unclear how youth’s physical activity and screen time have developed across urban and rural areas. Purpose: To investigate youth’s physical activity and screen time trends across urban and rural areas. Methods: We obtained weighted data of three cross-sectional studies of the German nationally representative Motorik-Modul (MoMo) Study at three timepoints between 2003 and 2017 (N=12,161, age=4-17 years). We analyzed trends in self-reported physical activity and screen time domains over time and across four urbanicity levels (rural, small town, medium-sized town, city) using structural equation modeling. Results: A 30.26 minutes/week-decrease in total physical activity was only observed in rural areas. Leisure time physical activity and outdoor play decreased across all levels, with the strongest decline in rural areas (leisure time physical activity: -41.00 minutes/week, outdoor play: -0.54 days/week). Physical education and extracurricular sports increased between 4.74-7.20 minutes/week across all levels. Computer and gaming time increased across all levels except cities, with the strongest increase in rural areas (+36.66 minutes/day). The decline in outdoor play was driven by adolescents, the incline in computer and gaming time by adolescents and girls. Conclusion: Detrimental trends in physical activity and screen time occur at higher rates in rural areas, contributing to the urban-rural health gap. Rural youth should be specifically targeted to tackle decreasing levels of physical activity and increasing levels of screen time. Funding: Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01ER1503).
Sovereign Wealth in Abu Dhabi

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

By the turn of the century, oil had already made the tiny emirate of Abu Dhabi rich beyond anyone's wildest dreams. A sovereign wealth fund, the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA), has invested extra oil revenues abroad for more than thirty years and amassed a still-growing portfolio worth approximately $750–900 billion. ADIA is widely believed to be the world's largest sovereign wealth fund – indeed the world's largest institutional investor. But Abu Dhabi is not yet a "developed" economy. So, in 2002, the Mubadala Development Company was established as a government-owned investment vehicle. Unlike ADIA's mandate to build and manage a financial portfolio, Mubadala's charge was to develop Abu Dhabi. According to some observers, ADIA was a "sovereign savings fund," while Mubadala was a government-owned investment firm. Mubadala is supposed to invest the wealth of the emirate in activities that would diversify the economy away from energy and into industry and services. Although each Mubadala investment is supposed to earn large returns, the strategy balances financial against "strategic" returns. ADIA and Mubadala are the institutional architecture to manage the wealth of the Abu Dhabi sovereign.
Automation of choosing hot and cold pixels process in the estimate of the sensitive heat flow and evapotranspiration

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Characterize accurately and accurate evapotranspiration (ET) on a global scale has been one of the major determinant challenges in terrestrial ecosystem studies, climate dynamics and hydrological cycle. The goal in this study was to evaluate methodologies presented in the literature proposing a new methodology and automation in the process of selection of hot and cold pixels to need the sensible heat flux H and ET. The study was conducted in four different locations in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. And two areas of forest and two formed by pasture. For the H automation process we used the proposed Bastiaanssen et al. (1998a), Gao et al. (2011), and other vegetation using different levels of the literature suggests. The automation of the selection of hot and cold pixels process was successful, showing correlations above 0.83 for the estimates of H and 0.75 for estimates of ET. The identification of hot and cold pixels using the methodology by similarity of neighboring pixels using the average of pixels showed the highest correlations to the H in the study areas. LAI had the best indicator in the automated identification of hot and cold pixels to estimate the daily evapotranspiration (ET24h).
Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Sclerolaena napiformis Wilson, an endangered Australian chenopod

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sclerolaena napiformis is an endangered chenopod with a disjunct distribution. Here, we report the complete genomes of two geographically isolated accessions. The two genomes, respectively, were 151,112 and 151,291 bp in length with a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 24,345 and 24,339 bp separated by a large single-copy region (LSC) of 83,893 and 84,113 bp and a small single-copy region (SSC) of 18,529 and 18,500 bp, and CG content 36.57% and 36.53%. In total, 130 genes were annotated, including 85 protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis of up to 87 protein-coding genes from 22 plastomes placed the genome of S. napiformis as a sister taxon to the sub-family Salsoloidae within the family Amaranthaceae.
Fish oil as a potential activator of brown and beige fat thermogenesis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Numerous studies have shown that feeding rodents n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuates adiposity. Moreover, meta-analyses of human dietary intervention studies indicate that fish oil (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid) supplementation might reduce waist circumference. A recent line of research suggests that browning of white adipose depots and activation of uncoupled respiration in brown fat contributes to these effects. This mini-review summarizes the observations in rodents, highlights several mechanisms that might explain these observations and discusses the translational potential. Given the available in vivo evidence and the ability of human adipocytes to aquire a beige phenotype in response to eicosapentaenoic acid incubation, future studies should test the hypothesis that fish oil activates thermogenic brown and beige adipose tissue in humans.
Glaciochemistry of polar ice cores: A review

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Human activities have already modified the chemical composition of the natural atmosphere even in very remote regions of the world. The study of chemical parameters stored in solid precipitation and accumulated on polar ice sheets over the last several hundred thousand years provides a unique tool for obtaining information on the composition of the preindustrial atmosphere and its natural variability over the past. This paper deals with the chemistry of polar ice focused on the soluble mineral (Na + , NH 4 + , K + , Ca ++ , Mg ++ , H + , F − , Cl − , NO 3 − , SO 4 −− , and H 2 O 2 ) and organic (methanesulfonate (CH 3 SO 3 − ), formate (HCOO − ), acetate (CH 3 COO − ), and formaldehyde (HCHO)) species and their interpretation in terms of past atmospheric composition (aerosols and water soluble gaseous species). We discuss ice core dating, the difficulties connected with trace measurements, and the significance of the ionic composition of snow. We examine temporal (from the last decades back to the last climatic cycle) and spatial (including examples from coastal as well as central areas of Greenland and Antarctica) variations in the ionic budget of the precipitation and evaluate ice core studies in terms of the chemical composition of our past atmosphere. We review (1) how Greenland and Antarctic ice cores that span the last few centuries have provided information on the impact of human activities and (2) how the chemistry of deep ice cores provides information on various past natural phenomena such as climatic variations (glacial‐interglacial changes, El Niño), volcanic eruptions, and large boreal forest fires.
Structure estimation accuracy in discrete layered media

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the problem of estimating structure (interface reflection coefficient values) from noisy reflection observations of a discrete, layered, lossless waveguide; this is a special case of the general acoustic reflection inverse problem. Our approach is to develop a statistical lower bound, the Cramer-Rao bound, on estimator performance. We demonstrate, by computing the bound for the one- and two-reflector cases, that the bound is not merely theoretical but also provides, through its parametric behavior, physical insight into the estimation problem. In addition, we present two estimator structures for this problem, a statistically optimal estimator, (maximum-likelihood), and a suboptimal estimator (based on the special character of the medium's response), and compare their performance. We perform Monte Carlo tests to verify that, for high signal-to-noise ratios, estimator performance is predicted by the Cramer-Rao bound. Moreover, we find that in these regions the ad hoc estimator performs comparably to the maximum likelihood.
Research progress on pharmacological effects of aloe-emodin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aloe- emodin( AE),a natural biologically active ingredient of anthraquinone,is mainly derived from Aloe,Rhubarb,Cassia. In recent years,AE has attracted much attention due to its various effects such as cardiovascular protection, hepatoprotective activities, anti-tumor,antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti- inflammatory, skin conditioning,immune regulation,laxative. The current article reviews the research progress on pharmacokinetic characteristics,potential toxicity,and pharmacological effects of AE and provides theoretical evidences for research and development of AE.
5-(4-Aminobutylaminomethyl)uracil, an unusual pyrimidine from the dioxyribonucleic acid of bacteriophage .phi.W-14

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT5-(4-Aminobutylaminomethyl)uracil, an unusual pyrimidine from the dioxyribonucleic acid of bacteriophage .phi.W-14A. M. B. Kropinski, R. J. Bose, and R. A. J. WarrenCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 1, 151–157Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00725a025https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00725a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts