jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Discourses of Hindu Medical Ethics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Aside from the fact that it has a special relationship with India, which has given it spatial and ethnic roots, Hinduism has been so inclusive that it has resisted self-definition. True, there are key ideas but none that are universal. Even though acceptance of the Vedic scripture as eternal revelation (śruti) has been used to distinguish Hinduism from other Indian religions such as Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, there are Hindu traditions that have denied this authority and still others that are oblivious to it as in some tribal and village traditions. As the modern Indian Constitution has put it, people are Hindus in India unless they have "officially" rejected this label. "It is a peculiarly Hindu phenomenon that Hinduism may be defined as the religion of the Hindus and this definition should, however narrowly, escape tautology" (Sharma 1993, 5). The metaphor that best captures the dynamic and rich texture of Hinduism is the kaleidoscope – patterns that constantly change over time and according to context but consist of many recognizable elements. According to Arvind Sharma, "[b]ecause Hinduism lacks a standard definition, and practice tends to take precedence over theory, it is best to elicit the specific 'Hindu' religious life-pattern of the patient by engaging in a dialogue with him or her on this point" (Sharma 2002, 1).
Geology and U-Pb geochronology of low-grade mafic rocks from the St. Cyr klippe and a marble from the footwall, Canadian Cordillera, Yukon

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A series of thin thrust slices form a klippe in the northwest part of the St. Cyr area, west of the South Canol Road, in south-central Yukon. The uppermost unit of the klippe, the Tower Peak unit, overlies a mafic-ultramafic unit, which in turn sits on a footwall of phyllite, marble, and limestone. The Tower Peak unit is a metabasalt the trace-element geochemistry of which suggests an oceanic or island-arc origin. The U-Pb ion microprobe ages of zircon from three samples of the Tower Peak unit define a xenocrystic zircon population with abundant Precambrian and lesser Paleozoic and Mesozoic magmatic components. Jurassic grains are euhedral, oscillatory zoned, and high-temperature, with Th/U ratios approximately 0.4, and positive Ce and negative Eu anomalies, pointing to an igneous origin. A similar population of five Mesozoic zircon crystals was found in a gabbro east of the Canol Road. All of the zircon crystals are interpreted as xenocrysts entrained in the mafic magmas during emplacement due to the large age spread and lack of a consistent magmatic age. The oldest possible intrusive age for the Tower Peak unit is Upper Jurassic, and Lower Cretaceous for the gabbro to the southeast. Detrital zircon samples from a prominent marble in the footwall of the klippe define a maximum depositional age of 368 ± 6 Ma. The marble likely correlates with the Finlayson assemblage of the Yukon-Tanana terrane composite arc. The mafic-ultramafic rocks at Tower Peak were structurally amalgamated with Mesozoic rocks during formation of the St. Cyr klippe.
Influences on birth spacing intentions and desired interventions among women who have experienced a poor obstetric outcome in Lilongwe Malawi: a qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Stillbirth and neonatal mortality are very high in many low-income countries, including Malawi. Use of family planning to encourage birth spacing may optimize outcomes for subsequent pregnancies. However, reproductive desires and influences on birth spacing preferences of women who have experienced a stillbirth or neonatal death in low-resource settings are not well understood.We conducted a qualitative study using 20 in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions with women who had experienced a stillborn baby or early neonatal death to explore attitudes surrounding birth spacing and potential interventions to promote family planning in this population. Qualitative data were analyzed for recurrent patterns and themes and central ideas were extracted to identify their core meanings.Forty-six women participated in the study. After experiencing a stillbirth or neonatal death, most women wanted to wait to become pregnant again but women with living children wished to wait for longer periods of time than those with no living children. Most women preferred birth spacing interventions led by clinical providers and inclusion of their spouses.Many influences on family size and birth spacing were noted in this population, with the most significant influencing factor being the spouse. Interventions to promote birth spacing and improve maternal and neonatal health in this population need to involve male partners and knowledgeable health care providers to be effective.Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02674542 Registered February 1, 2016 (retrospectively registered).
STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF MARINE PRODUCTS ON CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM-I

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Some kinds of edible seaweeds are believed to have a favorable effect upon cholesterol metabolism. To prove the point, rats were fed ad libitum for 10 weeks with diet prepared for this purpose. The diet contained, at the rate of 5 per cent, green laver (Enteromorpha compressa), tangle (Laminaria japonica) or purple laver (Porphyra tenera) each dried and pulverized, with exogenous cholesterol. As shown in Table 4, the green and purple lavers could fairly reduce the plasma cholesterol. However, the tangle showed no effects. The seaweeds tested were not effective to reduce the liver cholesterol of the rats.
Ten minutes with James Mountford, Chief of Quality and Learning, NHS Nightingale Hospital London

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

![Graphic][1] ### Biography James Mountford is Director of Quality at the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, which has a multiyear programme focused on embedding quality and value improvement into routine practice, reducing unwarranted variation in care delivery and ensuring improvement efforts address what matters to staff as well as patients, families and populations. James worked initially as an NHS doctor, then in consulting. From 2005 to 2007, he was a Commonwealth Fund/Health Foundation Harkness Fellow based at Massachusetts General Hospital, and at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), both in Boston, USA. Before moving to the Royal Free, James was Director of Quality at UCLPartners, an academic health sciences partnership serving a population of 3 million, in and around London. He is the editor-in-chief of the journal BMJLeader and sits on the board of AQuA, the improvement partnership based in north-west England. In March 2020 he was seconded to work as the Chief of Quality and Learning at the NHS Nightingale Hospital London, opened in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. When a crisis like this happens, it changes the style of leadership that is called for. We need command and control leadership mixed with extreme clarity, kindness and compassion. It's also really critical to make sure the right hand knows what the left hand is doing. The temptation is to rush into action, but it's important to pause first, to define the problem better, to figure out who might have a better solution for it—or may already be solving it—and to communicate the plan well, while appreciating that no plan survives contact with reality. So this is not the time for 'heroic' leaders. At NHS Nightingale London, where I have been seconded to lead the Quality and Learning function, we are developing a philosophy of 'peloton leadership', meaning that we all need to … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
A Security Model for Mobile Processes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Technologies like mobile devices (e.g. PDAs, smartphones, notebooks)and wireless data communication (e.g. GPRS, UMTS, WiFi) have a great potential for the improvement of mobile processes, e.g. by enabling access to time-critical information and preventing media disruptions. But the usage of these technologies leads also to specific challenges, particularly with regard to security and usability. One approach to deal with mobile-specific security concerns is to control access to functions provided by mobile information systems depending on the current location of the user, e.g. a travelling salesman should only be allowed to enter a customer's order when he currently resides at the premises of that customer. A formal model to write down such rules is called "security model". There are already some security models which take the user's location into account when deciding which functions of a system a certain user is allowed to use but they are process-agnostic, i.e. location-restrictions at process level cannot be expressed. In literature also security models for process-aware information system can be found but they don't consider location. In our work we therefore propose a security model for mobile processes based on an elicitation of requirements.
The Magical Frontier between the Dominant and the Dominated: Sociolinguistics and Social Justice in a Multilingual World

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research in multilingual societies often attends to the micro level of linguistic interactions, as linguistic minority speakers negotiate their way through a majoritylanguage world. However, this research does not always engage with the social, political and historical contexts that produce and reproduce the conditions within which some linguistic resources have less currency than others. Methodological approaches must be able to make visible those hegemonic discourses that construct discriminatory language ideologies. In multilingual states those who either refuse, or are unable to conform to the dominant ideology are marginalised, denied access to symbolic resources and, often, excluded. A good deal of research has identified the difficulties that linguistic minorities can face in gaining entry to domains of power. Rather less research has identified the ways in which such domains are constructed, and their borders reinforced. Too little is still known about the countless acts of recognition and misrecognition that produce and reproduce what Pierre Bourdieu called the 'magical frontier between the dominant and the dominated'. These magical frontiers become an issue of social justice when some are excluded and denied access to domains of power. When linguistic analysis is used to understand the ways in which public and political discourse creates the conditions in which minority languages are devalued, everybody wins except those who seek to discriminate against linguistic minority speakers.
Use of pooled time series in the study of naturally occurring clinical events and problem behavior in a foster care setting.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Pooled time series is an underused analytic technique with the potential to increase researchers' ability to exploit clinical data. This article demonstrates the value of pooled time series by analyzing the behavior of youths in a specialized foster care treatment setting in response to a naturally occurring clinical event: changes in the number of youths living together in a treatment foster care setting. Pooled time series moves beyond typical clinical analyses with an increased capability of controlling statistically for complex within-subject effects and with a clinically useful measure of effect size. The complexity of the intrasubject data made it virtually impossible to determine the relevant significance (i.e., clinical meaning) of the clinical event by the use of standard n = 1 visual analysis procedures or standard statistical methods (e.g., chi square). After things such as autocorrelation and individual time trends were statistically controlled, each additional youth increased the number of problematic behaviors by one behavior per youth per day on the Parent Daily Report.
Making cyber security more resilient: adding social considerations to technological fixes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

How can a focus on socio-technical vulnerability and uncertainty make cyber security more resilient? In this article, we provide a conceptual discussion of how to increase cyber resilience. First, we show how cyber security and resilience thinking co-evolved through their connection to critical infrastructures, and how the ensuing dominant technical focus inevitably always falls short due to the diverse societal values that underpin their critical social functions. We argue that a sole focus on aggregate systems neglects the important differences in how cyber threats are experienced and dealt with by individuals. Second, we draw on insights from social resilience and disaster management literature to establish a better link between individuals and cyber systems. We focus on two key aspects of cyber security that highlight its social nature: vulnerability and uncertainty. Instead of thinking of cyber security as a “technical problem + humans,” we suggest cyber security should be conceptualized as a “social problem + technology.” We conclude by highlighting three ways forward for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners: interdisciplinary research, public debate about a set of normative questions, and the need for an uncertainty discourse in politics and policymaking.
In Support of Clio: Essays in Memory of Herbert A. Kellar

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article In Support of Clio: Essays in Memory of Herbert A. Kellar. Edited by William B. Hesseltine and Donald R. McNeil. (Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1958. x + 214 pp. Illustration and bibliographies. $5.00.) Get access Thomas D. Clark Thomas D. Clark University of Kentucky Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 45, Issue 4, March 1959, Pages 690–691, https://doi.org/10.2307/1888745 Published: 01 March 1959
Perceived Equity in the Gendered Division of Household Labor

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite huge imbalances in the division of housework between women and men, previous studies have found perceptions of equity on the part of women to be much more frequent than feelings of injustice. Taking a comparative perspective on the basis of International Social Survey Program (ISSP) 2002 data ( N = 8,556), we find that, on the individual level, the explanatory frameworks that have been found to influence the actual inequality of household division of labor (time availability, resource dependence, and gender ideology) contribute to the explanation of perceptions of equity, in that they interact with the inequality of the household division of labor. On the country level, the gender‐wage ratio and the average level of inequality are important predictors.
Neurokinin A increases duodenal mucosal permeability, bicarbonate secretion, and fluid output in the rat

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to examine the integrative response to neurokinin A (NKA) on duodenal mucosal permeability, bicarbonate secretion, fluid flux, and motility in an in situ perfusion model in anesthetized rats. Intravenous infusion of NKA (100, 200, and 400 pmol ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ) induced duodenal motility. Furthermore, duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion, fluid output, and mucosal permeability increased in response to NKA. Pretreatment with the nicotinic antagonist hexamethonium did not change the response in any of the parameters investigated, whereas the NK 2 -receptor antagonist MEN 10,627 effectively inhibited all responses to NKA. Indomethacin induced duodenal motility and stimulated bicarbonate secretion. In indomethacin-treated rats, NKA further increased motility but decreased indomethacin-stimulated bicarbonate secretion by 70%. The NKA-induced increase in mucosal permeability was unaltered by indomethacin. It is concluded that NKA not only induces motility but also increases mucosal permeability and fluid output. Furthermore, the neuropeptide may have both stimulative and inhibitory effects on bicarbonate secretion. All responses to NKA are dependent on NK-2 receptor activation but are not mediated through nicotinic receptors.
2 Progress and prospects of biopolymers production strategies

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In recent decades, biopolymers have garnered significant attention owing to their aptitude as an environmentally approachable precursor for an extensive application. In addition, due to their alluring assets and widespread use, biopolymers have made significant strides in their production based on various sources and forms. This review focuses on the most recent improvements and breakthroughs that have been made in the manufacturing of biopolymers, via sections focusing the most frequented and preferred routes like micro-macro, algae apart from focusing on microbials routes with special attention to bacteria and the synthetic biology avenue of biopolymer production. For ensuring the continued growth of the global polymer industry, promising research trends must be pursued, as well as methods for overcoming obstacles that arise in exploiting the beneficial properties exhibited by a variety of biopolymers.
Drug Testing and Pretrial Misconduct: An Experiment on the Specific Deterrent Effects of Drug Monitoring Defendants on Pretrial Release

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recent attempts to improve the validity of prediction models of pretrial misconduct have incorporated the defendant's drug use, as indicated by drug test results. A related and important issue concerns the specific deterrent effect of drug testing the released pretrial population. Does drug monitoring of released defendants alter their drug use and chances for pretrial misconduct? The authors use experimental data from Pima County and Maricopa County, Arizona, where defendants were randomly assigned to drug monitoring and to nonmonitoring groups to explore this issue. Their findings show that in two Pima County samples, there was only a slight reduction in the rate of pretrial rearrest, and there were no differences for failure to appear at trial. In Maricopa County, their first sample shows no difference in the rate of pretrial misconduct between the monitored and nonmonitored groups. The second sample shows the monitored group to have a higher rate of pretrial failure, contrary to expectations. The authors conclude their discussion by noting the research and the policy implications these results hold for future pretrial drug testing efforts.
VITAMIN D AND POLYNUCLEOTIDES IN THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteoarthritis occupies a leading position among the causes of disability in patients with rheumatic diseases. The wide prevalence of pathology and the high risk of disability predetermine the need to prevent its development, improve the effectiveness of treatment and conduct rehabilitation measures. The article presents a clinical case on the use of vitamin D and its active metabolites, polynucleotide preparations in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Long-term intake of high doses of vitamin D leads to a decrease in the intensity of pain and functional deficit in patients with osteoarthritis. Vitamin D and its active metabolites compensate for the deficiency of cholecalciferol and thereby reduce the intensity of synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis, at maximum dosages demonstrate a chondroprotective effect by inhibiting apoptosis of chondrocytes, and in the early stages prevent non-adaptive remodeling of the subchondral bone. The results of fundamental and randomized clinical trials allow us to conclude that it is advisable to include vitamin D in the complex therapy of osteoarthritis. It is important to include vitamin D in complex therapy in the early stages of the disease. In addition, there is information in the literature about the use of polynucleotide preparations in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Against the background of treatment with polynucleotide preparations, it is possible to delay the time to arthroplasty, and the need to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids decreases.
Performance study of ferromagnetism for optical media

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Magneto-optical recording requires optical discs that show relative square hysteresis loop and have coercivity greater than 1000 Oe. TbFeCo, a Rare Earth Transition Metal best fits the requirements for magneto-optical media. The disc for this project is made up of four layers deposited on a polycarbonate substrate. A metallic reflector layer was deposited as the first layer, a dielectric layer was deposited as the second layer while the magnetic layer, TbFeCo was deposited as the third layer and lastly, the magnetic layer was capped with another dielectric layer as the fourth layer to prevent oxidation. The effects of different methods of sputtering, different thickness of the magnetic layer, different sputtering power and the interchange of Al-Cr and AgPdCu as reflective layer were investigated. It was found that coercivity value will increase with increased temperature, increasing thickness of the magnetic layer and sputtering power while changing Al-Cr and AgPdCu as the reflective layer yields almost the same values.
Effect of Different Protein Concentrates Replacement of Fish Meal on the Performance of Broiler

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was conducted with 128, 7 days old Vencobb broiler chicks to study the effect of feeding different protein concentrates (Jasoprot, Provita, Fishpro) on the performance of broiler. The dietary treatment was fish meal based control diet where fish meal was replaced by different protein concentrates. The live weight of broilers fed different protein concentrates differed significantly (p<0.01) at 4, 5 and 6 weeks of age. The live weight gain during 2-6 weeks in Jasoprot was higher than other treatments. Broilers fed Josoprot diet had better feed conversion ratio than other dietary treatments. At 6 weeks of age, the production number in Jasoprot diet was significantly (p<0.01) higher than other dietary treatments. Similar trend was observed in performance index. Survivability was similar in different treatments during the experimental period. Net profit was higher (p<0.01) in Jasoprot diet as compared to other treatments. It can be concluded that protein concentrates available in the market could replace fish meal from broiler diet with satisfactory performance. However, Jasoprot seems to be the best as protein concentrates studied in respect of broiler performance and financial return.