jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Bilateral Versus Unilateral Strabismus Surgery in the Management of Lateral Incomitance in Intermittent Exotropia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To evaluate and compare bilateral asymmetric lateral rectus recession versus unilateral resection-recession surgery in the management of lateral incomitance in intermittent exotropia. Methods: A prospective randomized interventional comparative study was conducted consisting of 80 patients with intermittent exotropia (older than 7 years) having significant lateral incomitance. They were equally divided into two groups by a sealed envelope system. The bilateral group underwent bilateral asymmetric lateral rectus recession and the unilateral group underwent unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection based on post-patch deviation. Parameters assessed were change in horizontal deviation, change in lateral incomitance, binocularity, motility limitation, and complications, if any. Surgical outcome was considered successful if the primary deviation was within ±8 prism diopters (PD) and lateral incomitance was less than 5 PD. Results: The mean lateral incomitance preoperatively and postoperatively was 8.3 ± 1.6 and 2.8 ± 2.4 PD in the bilateral group and 8.9 ± 1.4 and 3.7 ± 2.5 PD in the unilateral group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the postoperative lateral incomitance between the two groups ( P = .25), but a statistically significant difference was observed between preoperative and postoperative lateral incomitance in each group ( P < .0001). Conclusions: Both procedures are equally efficacious in achieving acceptable ocular alignment and improving significant lateral incomitance in patients with intermittent exotropia with deviations between 15 and 35 PD without causing significant motility limitation. [ J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 2023;60(4):277–281.]
The coarse Baum-Connes conjecture with filtered coefficients and product metric spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Inspired by the quantitative $K$-theory, in this paper, we introduce the coarse Baum-Connes conjecture with filtered coefficients which generalizes the original conjecture. There are two advantages for the conjecture with filtered coefficients. Firstly, the routes toward the coarse Baum-Connes conjecture also work for the conjecture with filtered coefficients. Secondly, the class of metric spaces that satisfy the conjecture with filtered coefficients is closed under products and yet it is unknown for the original conjecture. As an application, we discover some new examples of product metric spaces for the coarse Baum-Connes conjecture.
Oncogenic Role of MPHOSPH1, a Cancer-Testis Antigen Specific to Human Bladder Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract To disclose the molecular mechanism of bladder cancer, the second most common genitourinary tumor, we had previously done genome-wide expression profile analysis of 26 bladder cancers by means of cDNA microarray representing 27,648 genes. Among genes that were significantly up-regulated in the majority of bladder cancers, we here report identification of M-phase phosphoprotein 1 (MPHOSPH1) as a candidate molecule for drug development for bladder cancer. Northern blot analyses using mRNAs of normal human organs and cancer cell lines indicated this molecule to be a novel cancer-testis antigen. Introduction of MPHOSPH1 into NIH3T3 cells significantly enhanced cell growth at in vitro and in vivo conditions. We subsequently found an interaction between MPHOSPH1 and protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1), which was also up-regulated in bladder cancer cells. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed colocalization of endogenous MPHOSPH1 and PRC1 proteins in bladder cancer cells. Interestingly, knockdown of either MPHOSPH1 or PRC1 expression with specific small interfering RNAs caused a significant increase of multinuclear cells and subsequent cell death of bladder cancer cells. Our results imply that the MPHOSPH1/PRC1 complex is likely to play a crucial role in bladder carcinogenesis and that inhibition of the MPHOSPH1/PRC1 expression or their interaction should be novel therapeutic targets for bladder cancers. [Cancer Res 2007;67(7):3276–85]
Verb-Particle Constructions in Questions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate the behavior of verb-particle constructions in English questions. We present a small dataset that contains questions and verb-particle construction candidates. We demonstrate that there are significant differences in the distribution of WH-words, verbs and prepositions/particles in sentences that contain VPCs and sentences that contain only verb + prepositional phrase combinations both by statistical means and in machine learning experiments. Hence, VPCs and non-VPCs can be effectively separated from each other by using a rich feature set, containing several novel features.
Screening of APP interaction proteins by DUALmembrane yeast two-hybrid system.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of neurodegenerative disease. There is a growing interest in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) over the years due to its involvement in AD. Besides its role in pathological mechanisms of AD, APP participates in many signaling pathways as well. APP functions through protein-protein interactions, and in this report staufen 1 (STAU1) is demonstrated to have interaction with APP, using yeast two-hybrid screening and co-immunoprecipitation in mammalian system. STAU1 belongs to the double-stranded RNA binding protein family and can mediate mRNA degradation in mammalian system, implicating that APP may be involved in the regulation of mRNA as well.
Conservation of Soil Nitrogen in a Wheat Summer Fallow Farming Practice1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Comparisons were made on the effect wheat straw had on the soil nitrogen and on the yield of wheat, in a wheat summer fallow system of cropping from 1931 to 1964. When the wheat straw was burned, either in the fall following the crop or in the spring before plowing, the soil nitrogen level showed a continuous downward trend over the 34‐year cropping period. When the wheat straw was returned to the soil without added nitrogen in some form, no additional benefit was gained over burning the straw, either in retaining the soil nitrogen or increasing wheat yields. When some form of nitrogenous fertilizer, either as legume straw, strawy manure, or commercial fertilizer was added to the wheat straw before plowing, the results were improved nitrogen retention and increased wheat yields. The yields of wheat over the period studied showed a definite relationship to the total nitrogen level found in the surface foot of soil.
SOLUTION-ORIENTED EVALUATION OF FAMILY RELATIONS AND SCHOOL RELATIONS OF CHILDREN WITH LOW SCHOOL SUCCESS IN THE CONTEXT OF PARENTS AND CHILDREN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>This study was aimed to examine the relationships of children with low school success with their parents in the context of mother, father and child. The study group of the study consisted of children, who graduated from the fourth grade of primary school and whose school success was low, and their parents. The data were collected using the interview and mind map technique. According to the data obtained from the research, most of the mothers’ center themselves in the relationship with their children and evaluate their children with their behaviors. In school relations, it is seen that the responsibility of the child is generally with the mother and the fathers remain in the background. While some of the mothers advised their children to study when the children received low grades, some mothers expressed their desperation in this regard. It has been revealed that some fathers do not care that their children get low grades. It is seen that the solution is for the parents who are waiting for the teacher. It has been revealed that parents do not produce concrete solutions for school problems and low grading. It was observed that the highest frequency in the associations of children with their parents belonged to the love code.</p><p> </p><p>Bu araştırmada, okul başarısı düşük olan çocukların ebeveynleriyle ilişkilerinin anne, baba ve çocuk bağlamında incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu ilkokul dördüncü sınıftan mezun olmuş, okul başarısı düşük çocuklar ve onların ebeveynleri oluşturmuştur. Veriler görüşme ve zihin haritası tekniği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilere göre; annelerin çoğu çocuğuyla olan ilişkide kendisini merkeze alıp, çocuğunu kendisine olan davranışlarıyla değerlendirmektedir. Okul ilişkilerinde genel olarak çocuğun sorumluluğunun annede olduğu ve babaların daha geri planda kaldığı görülmektedir. Çocuklar düşük not aldıkları zaman annelerin bazıları çocuklarına ders çalışmalarına yönelik telkin verirken, bazı anneler bu konuda çaresizliklerini dile getirmişlerdir. Bazı babaların ise çocuklarının düşük not almasını umursamadıkları ortaya çıkmıştır. Çözümü öğretmenden bekleyen anne, babalara olduğu görülmektedir. Okul problemlerinde ve düşük not alma konusunda ebeveynlerin somut çözümler üretmedikleri ortaya konmuştur. Çocukların ebeveynleriyle ilgili çağrışımlarında en yüksek frekansın sevgi koduna ait olduğu görülmüştür.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0919/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Love flows downstream: mothers’ and children’s neural representation similarity in perceiving distress of self and family

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The current study aimed to capture empathy processing in an interpersonal context. Mother–adolescent dyads (N = 22) each completed an empathy task during fMRI, in which they imagined the target person in distressing scenes as either themselves or their family (i.e. child for the mother, mother for the child). Using multi-voxel pattern approach, we compared neural pattern similarity for the self and family conditions and found that mothers showed greater perceptual similarity between self and child in the fusiform face area (FFA), representing high self–child overlap, whereas adolescents showed significantly less self–mother overlap. Adolescents’ pattern similarity was dependent upon family relationship quality, such that they showed greater self–mother overlap with higher relationship quality, whereas mothers’ pattern similarity was independent of relationship quality. Furthermore, adolescents’ perceptual similarity in the FFA was associated with increased social brain activation (e.g. temporal parietal junction). Mediation analyses indicated that high relationship quality was associated with greater social brain activation, which was mediated by greater self–mother overlap in the FFA. Our findings suggest that adolescents show more distinct neural patterns in perceiving their own vs their mother’s distress, and such distinction is sensitive to mother–child relationship quality. In contrast, mothers’ perception for their own and child’s distress is highly similar and unconditional.
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Forensic scientific evidence can help us to establish: that a particular person was at a given place at a given time; that a particular person carried out an activity, such as signing a cheque or breaking a window; and a relationship between two people, for example, in paternity disputes and incest or immgration cases. This chapter concentrates on how such evidence should be interpreted and incorporated into the court process. The possibility of a coincidence can never be completely excluded, which precludes categorical statements of individualisation. Bertillon gave evidence in the Alfred Dreyfus case as a handwriting expert and claimed that Dreyfus had written the incriminating document. Poincaré identifies a crucial point for forensic science and, indeed, all reasoning about evidence in court. They have a number of advantages: they can be transmitted and reproduced easily and can enable people to be recognised at a distance.
A case of thymic papillary adenocarcinoma with cyst formation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

背景 : 胸腺腫瘍の大部分は胸腺腫で, 胸腺癌は 10∼25%とされる. また, 胸腺癌のなかでは, 扁平上皮癌がほとんどを占め腺癌はきわめてまれである. 今回,嚢胞を伴った胸腺乳頭状腺癌を経験したので報告する.症例 : 68 歳, 女性. 検診にて右中肺野異常陰影を指摘された. CT で前縦隔右側に突出するように 5 cm 大の嚢胞性病変を認め,嚢胞壁の一部に充実性腫瘤を認めた.嚢胞摘出術を施行. 術中の嚢胞内容液の穿刺吸引細胞診では, 出血性背景に炎症性細胞を散見するなか, 数個∼十数個の細胞からなる小乳頭状集団を少量認めた. 細胞は小型で, 核クロマチンの増量は軽度, 小さな核小体を認めた. 全体的に異型は軽度で腺上皮系由来を思わせた. 組織診では, 胸腺嚢胞内の一部に結節病変を認め, Type A thymoma を伴った乳頭状腺癌と診断された.結論 : 胸腺嚢胞の穿刺吸引細胞診は, 日常まれであるが, かかる症例の存在も考慮に入れておくべきと思われた.
Comparison of Three Time-domain Methods for Damage Tracking of Nonlinear Hysteretic Vibration Isolation System with Unknown Inputs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recently, vibration isolation technology has been widely applied in different types of structures, which refer to as nonlinear hysteretic vibration isolation systems, to withstand the strong vibration that may damage the structures, influent the structural normal operation, or reduce the life of structures. However, parameter identification and damage tracking of nonlinear hysteretic vibration isolation systems is quite challenging because the restoring behavior of these systems are inelastic. Besides, the external inputs of these systems may not be accurately measured or even may not be measurable in practical applications. To resolve the problems above, in this research, three timedomain analysis methods, which refer to as adaptive extended kalman filter with unknown inputs (AEKF-UI), adaptive sequential nonlinear least-square estimation with unknown inputs (ASNLSE-UI) and adaptive quadratic sum-square error with unknown inputs (AQSSE-UI), have been newly developed to online identify the structural parameters and to real-time track the structural damages. Further, experiment research was conduct through a series of laboratory tests using a scaled vibration-isolation structure model with two typical excitations in the case of different damage scenarios. Finally, the capability of AEKF-UI, ASNLSE-UI and AQSSE-UI methods in parameter identification and damage tracking have been demonstrated and compared in terms of accuracy, convergence and efficiency.
The Meaning of Verb Falloir and other Impersonal Verbs in French and Its Equivalences in Indonesian Language

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to explain the meaning of Verb especially Falloir in French and Its Equivalence in Indonesian Language. Impersonal verb is a verb where its subject is abstract (sujet apparent). However, in fact, the study result showed that the abstract subject could also appear in its indonesian l
AVIVA: a telehealth tool to improve cervical cancer screening in resource-constrained settings

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Cervical cancer accounts for 21.7% of all cancer deaths in the sub-Saharan Africa with a case fatality rate of 68%. Nigeria’s Federal Ministry of Health has adopted cervical cancer screening (CCS) using visual inspection with acetic acid or Lugol’s iodine (VIA/VILI) and cryotherapy treatment for precancerous lesions as the preferred screening and treatment strategy. Using the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainment Framework, our study documents our experience during the development, piloting and roll-out of the APIN Public Health Initiatives (APIN)-developed VIA Visual Application (AVIVA) for CCS using the VIA method in 86 APIN-supported health facilities across 7 states in Nigeria. Between December 2019 and June 2022, with the aid of 9 gynaecologists and 133 case finders, a total of 29 262 women living with HIV received VIA-based CCS and 1609 of them were VIA-positive, corresponding to VIA positivity rate of 5.5%. Over the 30 months duration and the 5 phases of CCS scale-up, AVIVA development and expansion, a total of 1247 cases were shared via the AVIVA App (3741 pictures), with 1058 of such cases undergoing expert review, corresponding to a reviewer rate of 84.8%. Overall, the use of the AVIVA App improved both the VIA-positive and VIA-negative concordance rates by 16 percentage points each (26%–42% and 80%–96%, respectively) from baseline to the end of the study. We concluded that the AVIVA App is an innovative tool to improve CCS rates and diagnostic precision by connecting health facility staff and expert reviewers in resource-limited settings.
Design of universal chemical relaxation oscillator to control molecular computation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Embedding efficient command operation into biochemical system has always been a research focus in synthetic biology. One of the key problems is how to sequence the chemical reactions that act as units of computation. The answer is to design chemical oscillator, a component that acts as a clock signal to turn corresponding reaction on or off. Some previous work mentioned the use of chemical oscillations. However, the models used either lack a systematic analysis of the mechanism and properties of oscillation, or are too complex to be tackled with in practice. Our work summarizes the universal process for designing chemical oscillators, including generating robust oscillatory species, constructing clock signals from these species, and setting up termination component to eventually end the loop of whole reaction modules. We analyze the dynamic properties of the proposed oscillator model in the context of ordinary differential equations, and discuss how to determine parameters for the effect we want in detail. Our model corresponds to abstract chemical reactions based on mass-action kinetics which are expected to be implemented into chemistry with the help of DNA strand displacement cascades. Our consideration of ordering chemical reaction modules helps advance the embedding of more complex calculations into biochemical environments.
Exploiting (supplier) information acquisition mechanisms in NPD: An empirical study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a number of information acquisition mechanisms by which engineering designers may acquire information from suppliers. It then provides an overview of a selection of case design projects that were studied from the perspective of customer as designer-supplier information interactions. Subsequently, based on an analysis of models of these data, it shows that engineering designers may not be exploiting the ‘information and knowledge’ available from suppliers to its full potential. Finally, it highlights a number of ‘interaction guidelines’ specific areas in which engineering designers are lacking in support.
Development of an Umbrella Checkout System: A Case Study of a Senior Capstone Design Project

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Senior capstone design classes allow for both a theoretical and physical basis for learning the principles of the product realization process. By providing an example of the design process for a senior capstone project studied at Carnegie Mellon University, this work highlights insights gained about both the mechanical design process and the product itself. The product studied in this work is an umbrella check system that utilizes Radio Frequency Identification to create a tracking system for a communal resource. The product itself represents a departure from umbrellas as a personal item into use as common good within a community, which has important economic and environmental effects. This work will highlight the various product realization processes that took place in order to translate the product from a user need to a final design, including a traffic analysis based on Markov Models and the construction of several prototypes.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Appias albina (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and phylogenetic analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The complete mitochondrial genome of Appias albina (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) was firstly sequenced and characterized in our study. The total length of mitogenome is 15,193 bp and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 A + T-rich region. The overall nucleotide composition was 38.4% of A, 8.0% of G, 40.9% of T, and 12.4% of C. Phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using Bayesian Inference (BI) to validate the taxonomic status of A. albina, exhibiting the close relationship with Appias remedios.
Mechanisms controlling the smooth muscle cell death in progeria via down-regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance Patients with Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) almost always die of cardiovascular disease in their teens. Moreover, overlapping cardiovascular pathologies have been identified in HGPS and geriatric patients, including the loss of vascular smooth muscle cells in large vessels. However, how progerin leads to smooth muscle cell loss is still largely unknown. Here, using induced pluripotent stem cells as a model, we examined the role of progerin in smooth muscle cell differentiation and maintenance. Our study identified poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 as a central regulator of smooth muscle cell survival in progeria and elucidated a molecular pathway underlying heart disease in progeria. This study may provide key insights into future medical interventions for the cardiovascular dysfunction in progeria and normal aging.
Explaining black box algorithms: epistemological challenges and machine learning solutions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This dissertation seeks to clarify and resolve a number of fundamental issues surrounding algorithmic explainability. What constitutes a satisfactory explanation of a supervised learning model or prediction? What are the basic units of explanation and how do they vary across agents and contexts? Can reliable methods be designed to generate model-agnostic algorithmic explanations? I tackle these questions over the course of eight chapters, examining existing work in interpretable machine learning (iML), developing a novel theoretical framework for comparing and developing iML solutions, and ultimately implementing a number of new algorithms that deliver global and local explanations with statistical guarantees. At each turn, I emphasise three crucial desiderata: algorithmic explanations must be causal, pragmatic, and severely tested. In Chapter 1, I introduce the topic through real world examples that vividly demonstrate the ethical and epistemological imperative to better understand the behaviour of black box models. A literature review follows in Chapters 2 and 3, where I situate the project at the intersection of critical data studies, philosophy of information, and computational statistics. In Chapter 4, I examine conceptual challenges for iML that result in misleading, counterintuitive explanations. In Chapter 5, I propose a formal framework for iML – the explanation game – in which players collaborate to find the best solution(s) to explanatory questions through a gradual procedure of iterative refinements. In Chapter 6, I introduce a novel test of conditional independence that doubles as a flexible measure of global variable importance. In Chapter 7, I combine feature attributions and counterfactuals into a single method that retains and extends the axiomatic guarantees of Shapley values while rationalising results for agents with well-defined preferences and beliefs. I conclude in Chapter 8 with a review of my results and a discussion of their significance for data scientists, policymakers, and end users.