jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence Driving Automation to Enhance Drilling Operations—First Deployment Offshore Africa Case Study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Artificial-intelligence (AI) driven systems are becoming the new standard in the drilling domain. This is the first field application performed offshore in Africa with the main objective of enhancing drilling operational efficiency and bottomhole assembly (BHA) integrity by advising the optimal drilling parameters, operational procedures, and drilling dysfunction mitigations. This smart system, driven by AI, seamlessly integrates the drilling operations planned engineering and procedures with the real-time operational data to monitor and control the operations execution using a data-driven approach. By design, this system enables the coordination and integration of the data and teams through a digitally orchestrated process, while the AI is primarily in control of the operations. The system's current and next steps can be easily visualized and overridden by the driller if and when needed. For this first application in Africa, close coordination and collaboration between the operator, the technology and service provider, and the rig contractor was a key element from the early stages of the project. A rig survey determined the most appropriate locations for the required equipment on the rig. Once the system was deployed and commissioned, the calibration was performed on the top-hole drilled sections, while the driller received hands-on training with the utilization of the system. The system seamlessly loaded the digital drilling program and recalibrated the operational parameters, which included the rate of penetration (ROP), revolutions per minute, weight on bit (WOB), and flow rates, using the real-time data. At the time of writing, a total of three wells, each with three sections were drilled using this application, resulting in continuous ROP improvement up to 2.5X factor on the last well. The combination of science-based models with real-time data running on the edge device at the rig enabled a step-change in the way AI-driven systems can drive automation, thereby enhancing the drilling operations. In this paper we will briefly describe the reasoning from the operator the decision to continue with this digital transformation of the operations process, and the technical requirements and process for the first successful deployment in Africa, with an overview of the results achieved. Moreover, we will also describe a novel workflow for a fully autonomous operation that combines several smart applications enabling a seamless digital collaboration between the office and the rig.
Early Onset Favipiravir Saves Lives

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Favipiravir, an antiviral recommended for use in patients with tachypnea (respiratory rate 30 / min) in COVID-19 pneumonia, with SpO2 level below 90% in room air and with bilateral diffuse pneumonia on chest X-ray or tomography, or patients with treatment-resistant fever, is a new type of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor. After the administration of Favipiravir, it contributed significantly to reducing mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 positive disease. We performed this study to determine the start time in Favipiravir's covid pneumonia. Material and Method: We evaluated the effect of a total of 5 days of oral treatment as a 2 × 1600 mg loading dose and a 2 × 600 mg maintenance dose of Favipiravir added to the standard COVID-19 treatment received by patients with laboratory-radiology-clinical findings who have advanced or severe COVID 19 pneumonia. Results 180 patients hospitalized at Tuzla State Hospital and given Favipiravir treatment between 20/3/2020 and 30/5/2020 were examined. As of hospitalization, 17 of 101 patients (17%) who were given Favipiravir treatment in ≤ 3 days died, 30 of 79 patients (38%) who were given Favipiravir treatment for in > 3 days died (p:0.002). 33 of 47 patients (70%) who died were > 65 years old. Only 5 of the 47 (11%) patients who died had no comorbid disease. 35 had two or more comorbid diseases. Conclusion Patients with radiological findings indicating that COVID-19 will be severe and laboratory findings at the time of the first 3 days should be initiated with an effective dose of Favipiravir treatment without waiting for the clinical worsening.
Experimental observation of Dirac exceptional point

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The energy level degeneracies, also known as exceptional points (EPs), are crucial for comprehending emerging phenomena in materials and enabling innovative functionalities for devices. Since EPs were proposed over half a century age, only two types of EPs have been experimentally discovered, revealing intriguing phases of materials such as Dirac and Weyl semimetals. These discoveries have showcased numerous exotic topological properties and novel applications, such as unidirectional energy transfer. Here we report the observation of a novel type of EP, named the Dirac EP, utilizing a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. Two of the eigenvalues are measured to be degenerate at the Dirac EP and remain real in its vicinity. This exotic band topology associated with the Dirac EP enables the preservation of the symmetry when passing through, and makes it possible to achieve adiabatic evolution in non-Hermitian systems. We examined the degeneracy between the two eigenstates by quantum state tomography, confirming that the degenerate point is a Dirac EP rather than a Hermitian degeneracy. Our research of the distinct type of EP contributes a fresh perspective on dynamics in non-Hermitian systems and is potentially valuable for applications in quantum control in non-Hermitian systems and the study of the topological properties of EP.
Multilayer Metal Film Plating on Glass

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

It has been shown that an under-layer of SiO2 · nH2O on a silicate glass surface, promotes the adsorption of Sn(II) hydroxycompounds, resulting in the formation of Sn–O–Si chemical bonds. It also: contributes to the formation of monodispersed Sn(II) compound nanoparticles; levels the glass surface micro-relief; ensures the deposition of fine-grained metal films; increases the rate of Ni–P and Cu electroless plating; and increases the rate of the adhesion interaction between the surface of the silicate glass and metal films. It opens up the possibility of electroless and electrochemical plating of 5–10 μm thick multilayer metal and alloy films.
Power of one nonclean qubit

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The one-clean qubit model (or the DQC1 model) is a restricted model of quantum computing where only a single qubit of the initial state is pure and others are maximally mixed. Although the model is not universal, it can efficiently solve several problems whose classical efficient solutions are not known. Furthermore, it was recently shown that if the one-clean qubit model is classically efficiently simulated, the polynomial hierarchy collapses to the second level. A disadvantage of the one-clean qubit model is, however, that the clean qubit is too clean: for example, in realistic NMR experiments, polarizations are not enough high to have the perfectly pure qubit. In this paper, we consider a more realistic one-clean qubit model, where the clean qubit is not clean, but depolarized. We first show that, for any polarization, a multiplicative-error calculation of the output probability distribution of the model is possible in a classical polynomial time if we take an appropriately large multiplicative error. The result is in a strong contrast to that of the ideal one-clean qubit model where the classical efficient multiplicative-error calculation (or even the sampling) with the same amount of error causes the collapse of the polynomial hierarchy. We next show that, for any polarization lower-bounded by an inverse polynomial, a classical efficient sampling (in terms of a sufficiently small multiplicative error or an exponentially-small additive error) of the output probability distribution of the model is impossible unless BQP is contained in the second level of the polynomial hierarchy, which suggests the hardness of the classical efficient simulation of the one non-clean qubit model.
Visual data mining tool and database for assessing district-wise animal and feed resources in India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Animal and feed resource management planning must address economic and social sustainability. Integrated database with spatial interactions of animal and feed resources in the country is a key planning process. The impacts of a management plan on animal and feed resources are often hard to anticipate. Combining database management system tool with recent visualization techniques would be workable option. This paper presents a visualization tool to produce dynamic simulation of district-wise animal and feed resources availability and requirement in the country over a period of 20 years (1985 to 2005). It describes over all architecture of database as well as connection to GIS (Spatial decision support system). Database has been developed to store and maintain of feed and animal resource data. Programs were developed for database management, analysis and to convert animal and feed resources data to spatial and graphical form. The visualization tool provides effective information to assess animal and feed resources and impact on livestock at district level.
Quantitative analysis of the transient response of the refractive index to conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

For the example of the $D$${}_{1}$ line of ${}^{87}$Rb we analyze the experimental parameters that control the transient response of electromagnetically induced transparency. Quantum coherent free-induction decay is observed on time scales exceeding several milliseconds in a buffer-gas vapor cell. Numerical solutions of the quantum master equation and approximate analytical solutions are tested and absolute comparisons of the transient time scales, power broadening, resonance contrast, and frequency shifts are made. Two actively-phase-locked lasers are employed. The effects of laser phase noise that is not fully correlated are studied.
Probability Distribution Function for the Euclidean Distance Between Two Telegraph Processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Consider two independent Goldstein-Kac telegraph processes $X_1(t)$ and $X_2(t)$ on the real line $\Bbb R$. The processes $X_k(t), \; k=1,2,$ are performed by stochastic motions at finite constant velocities $c_1>0, \; c_2>0,$ that start at the initial time instant $t=0$ from the origin of the real line $\Bbb R$ and are controlled by two independent homogeneous Poisson processes of rates $λ_1>0, \; λ_2>0$, respectively. Closed-form expression for the probability distribution function of the Euclidean distance $$ρ(t) = |X_1(t) - X_2(t) |, \qquad t>0,$$ between these processes at arbitrary time instant $t>0$, is obtained. Some numerical results are presented.
Zinc Ion-Coordinated Sericin Calcium Phosphate Nanovaccines Induce Hyperactive Dendritic Cells and Synergistic Activation of T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Peptide-based neoantigen vaccines are promising cancer immunotherapy strategies because of their capability to induce durable tumor-specific immune responses. However, insufficient neoantigen-specific T-lymphocyte activation greatly limits their clinical efficacy. Here, we developed sericin-coordinated zinc ion-modified calcium phosphate (CP) nanovaccines that codeliver tumor antigen peptides and a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist (SZCP/APs-CpG) for potentiating antigen-specific T cell immunity. SZCP/APs-CpG nanovaccines could yield efficient codelivery of antigen peptides and adjuvants to dendritic cells (DCs) in draining lymph nodes (dLNs), induce hyperactive DCs depending on the inflammasome-dependent interleukin-1β secretion, and coordinate the released Zn2+-induced T cell activation to elicit robust and durable antigen-specific T cell immune responses. Vaccination with SZCP/APs-CpG exhibited potent anticancer efficacy and superior safety in multiple murine cancer models and significantly protected against B16-OVA tumor rechallenge and eradicated orthotopic colon cancer in mice when combined with immune checkpoint blockade. Thus, our work presents an efficient and versatile nanovaccine platform for boosting antigen-specific T cell activation for cancer immunotherapy.
Cultural Competency Of SLP Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the cultural competency levels of students in the Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) program at Appalachian State University, located in Boone, NC. Few studies have focused on the cultural competency of CSD students, but this research helps confirm the results of a similar study by Lemmon & Jackson-Bowen (2013). Their research found that graduate students perform better on measures of cultural competency than students in the undergraduate program of study, and that multicultural education is beneficial. The goal of this study is to add to research about cultural competency within the fields of speech-language pathology and audiology. This information may be helpful to CSD students, professors, and clinicians who work with diverse populations.
Depression and ostracism: the role of attachment, self-esteem and rejection sensitivity for treatment success and depressive symptom deterioration

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The current research programme is based on three studies investigating ramifications of ostracism in inpatients diagnosed with depression. It aims at understanding responses to ostracism in depressed patients, and the implications for psychotherapy and symptom deterioration using experimental (study 1) and longitudinal (studies 2 and 3) research designs. Investigating psychological factors such as attachment, self-esteem and Rejection Sensitivity, we found that attachment affects the immediate, physiological reactions to ostracism (study 1), that state self-esteem after an ostracism experience impacts therapy outcome (study 2) and that Rejection Sensitivity, the cognitive- affective disposition to anxiously expect and overact to rejection, predicts deterioration of depressive symptoms 6 months after treatment (study 3). These results highlight the salience of attachment when investigating reactions to ostracism, and the importance of Rejection Sensitivity over the course of therapy as an indicator for therapy outcome and risk for relapse.
Cerebral blood flow modulation insufficiency in brain networks in multiple sclerosis: A hypercapnia MRI study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cerebrovascular reactivity measures vascular regulation of cerebral blood flow and is responsible for maintaining healthy neurovascular coupling. Multiple sclerosis exhibits progressive neurodegeneration and global cerebrovascular reactivity deficits. This study investigates varied degrees of cerebrovascular reactivity impairment in different brain networks, which may be an underlying cause for functional changes in the brain, affecting long-distance projection integrity and cognitive function; 28 multiple sclerosis and 28 control subjects underwent pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI to measure cerebral blood flow under normocapnia (room air) and hypercapnia (5% carbon dioxide gas mixture) breathing. Cerebrovascular reactivity, measured as normocapnic to hypercapnic cerebral blood flow percent increase normalized by end-tidal carbon dioxide change, was determined from seven functional networks (default mode, frontoparietal, somatomotor, visual, limbic, dorsal, and ventral attention networks). Group analysis showed significantly decreased cerebrovascular reactivity in patients compared to controls within the default mode, frontoparietal, somatomotor, and ventral attention networks after multiple comparison correction. Regression analysis showed a significant correlation of cerebrovascular reactivity with lesion load in the default mode and ventral attention networks and with gray matter atrophy in the default mode network. Functional networks in multiple sclerosis patients exhibit varied amounts of cerebrovascular reactivity deficits. Such blood flow regulation abnormalities may contribute to functional communication disruption in multiple sclerosis.
Vertebral Erosion Secondary to Aortic Aneurysm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report the case of a patient who presented for back pain with paresthesia, and the CT showed vertebral lysis of aneurysmal origin. The aneurysm of the thoracic aorta compresses the anterior surface of the dorsal vertebrae and by mechanical effect is responsible for the destruction of the opposite bone. The knowledge of this cause is very important considering the frequency of other tumoral and infectious causes of this affection.
Cocaine as a naturally occurring insecticide.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Although cocaine has a fascinating and complex medicinal history in man, its natural function in plants is unknown. The present studies demonstrate that cocaine exerts insecticidal effects at concentrations which occur naturally in coca leaves. Unlike its known action on dopamine reuptake in mammals, cocaine's pesticidal effects are shown to result from a potentiation of insect octopaminergic neurotransmission. Amine-reuptake blockers of other structural classes also exert pesticidal activity with a rank order of potency distinct from that known to affect vertebrate amine transporters. These findings suggest that cocaine functions in plants as a natural insecticide and that octopamine transporters may be useful sites for targeting pesticides with selectivity toward invertebrates.
Hydrous metal oxide catalysts for oxidation of hydrocarbons

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report describes work performed at Sandia under a CRADA with Shell Development of Houston, Texas aimed at developing hydrous metal oxide (HMO) catalysts for oxidation of hydrocarbons. Autoxidation as well as selective oxidation of 1-octene was studied in the presence of HMO catalysts based on known oxidation catalysts. The desired reactions were the conversion of olefin to epoxides, alcohols, and ketones, HMOs seem to inhibit autoxidation reactions, perhaps by reacting with peroxides or radicals. Attempts to use HMOs and metal loaded HMOs as epoxidation catalysts were unsuccessful, although their utility for this reaction was not entirely ruled out. Likewise, alcohol formation from olefins in the presence of HMO catalysts was not achieved. However, this work led to the discovery that acidified HMOs can lead to carbocation reactions of hydrocarbons such as cracking. An HMO catalyst containing Rh and Cu that promotes the reaction of {alpha}-olefins with oxygen to form methyl ketones was identified. Although the activity of the catalyst is relatively low and isomerization reactions of the olefin simultaneously occur, results indicate that these problems may be addressed by eliminating mass transfer limitations. Other suggestions for improving the catalyst are also made. 57 refs.
C92. Successful Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in Rare Case of Anomalous Aortic Origin of the Right Coronary Artery from the Opposite Sinus (AAORCA) Presenting as Inferior ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background AAORCA from opposite sinus is a rare congenital anomaly that can present with symptoms similar to coronary artery disease, even sudden cardiac death. AAORCA with Inferior STEMI is a rare combination situation. Management of acute myocardial infarction with AAORCA is not well established and still debatable. Case Summary We presented a case 61 years old aged male with STEMI and AAORCA. He admitted to our hospital with complaint of retrosternal chest pain with ST segment elevation in inferior lead thus we diagnosed as Inferior STEMI. He underwent an emergency coronary angiography (CAG) that showed anomalous of right coronary artery (RCA) and total occlusion of the proximal RCA with atherosclerotic lesion. Stent then implanted at proximal of RCA. Further work-up by Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) revealed an AAORCA with interarterial course. Discussion AAORCA with interarterial course that presents as inferior STEMI is a rare case. Diagnosis requires CAG and coronary CTA to identify anatomy and physiology so revascularization can be carried out appropriately. It is still arguable whether atherosclerosis or the interarterial course of AAORCA that caused acute MI. There is evidence that anomalous coronary arteries doesn’t increase atherosclerosis risk than normal. Total occlusion located at the distal to interarterial course reinforce that atherosclerosis may be the possible cause of acute MI. PCI could be the preferred choice in patients with inferior STEMI accompanied by AAORCA with evidence of atherosclerotic lesion, because may result in complete reperfusion and good clinical outcome.
Effect of AN-7, DOX and their combinations on markers of proliferation and fibrosis.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Sections of tumors and hearts were stained (DAB) for: (A) Ki-67; (B) c-Kit and both were counter stained with hematoxylin. The arrowhead marked the c-Kit positively staind cells. Bar = 200 µm, the 4-fold magnified picture in the insert was taken from the area indicated by the square. (C) Lysates samples, as described above, were resolved on 10% SDS gel and stained for c-Myc (left). The Mean±SE ratio of c-Myc/actin expression is shown (right). <sup>#</sup>p<0.05, as specified, vs. untreated control; *p<0.05, as specified, vs Dox. (D) Picrosirius red and fast-green for the visualization of interstitial fibrosis. Bar = 200 µm, the 2-fold magnified picture in the insert was taken from the area indicated by the square.</p>
Social Kills of Undergraduates Without Mental Disorders: Academic and Socio-Demographic Variables

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Literature shows a lack of studies regarding the influence of academic and socio-demographic characteristics in social skills of students without mental disorders. The aim of this work was to characterize and compare the social skills of university students without indicators of mental disorder, according to the academic and socio-demographic variables. The participants were 461 students from both genders and various areas, without mental disorders, based on the criteria of a structured clinical interview. Social skills were evaluated through the QHC-Universitários. Data was compared using statistical procedures. The students of full-time human science courses, those in the intermediate/final years and females were more skillful. The employed students from evening courses reported more skills in speaking in public, while living with other students seemed to promote more confrontation skills.