jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Managing visitors’ dining and retail experiences in South African national parks

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the light of the issue of declining government funding of South African National Parks (SANParks), as well as the negative influence of the poor service levels in shops, restaurants and eating facilities in these parks on visitor spending, SANParks needs to improve the retail and dining experiences at these facilities. This research attempts to provide guidelines for SANParks management in addressing these issues, by determining visitors’ retail and dining preferences and the relationship between these constructs. Quantitative research was conducted in 2011 using a web-based survey on the SANParks’ official website for two months (1st October – 30th November). This method resulted in obtaining 5 464 usable responses for the study. Factor analyses identified three relevant dining experience factors: Quality, Variety and value and Nature ambience and four retail experience factors: Goods and services, Pricing (consisting of two separate constructs: Expensive shops and Pay more inside Park) and Quality. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this was the first time that research was conducted with regard to addressing visitors’ retail and dining preferences at any South African national park, thereby contributing significantly to literature regarding visitor experiences in a nature-based context.
All-MOS ASK Demodulator for Low-Frequency Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A miniature amplitude-shift-keying (ASK) demodulator without any passive elements, i.e., R or C , for low-frequency applications is presented in the paper. The noise margin of the envelope detector in the proposed ASK demodulator is enlarged such that any Schmitt trigger or current limiting resistor is no longer needed. It results in the number of transistors required for the ASK demodulator circuit is reduced to 12, while the area is merely 0.003025 mm 2 using 0.35-mum 2P4M CMOS process. The power consumption is found to be 1.01 mW by physical measurement on silicon. The data rate is measured to be 250 kbps for 2-MHz carrier frequency and 27% modulation index.
Formulation, Characterization and In-vitro Evaluation of Prolonged Local Drug Delivery of Antimicrobial on Bone Tissue Formation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study aim to prepare and characterize prolonged local drug delivery of antimicrobial on bones tissue formation and its In-vitro evaluation. The results of drug released pattern were analysed after coating. In formulation (F1), the drug release was steep till 73%, where coating showed no such retardation effect. After 73% of drug release, F1 showed prolonged release of drug even after coating with 1% and 2% Chitosan, F2 and F3 showed prolonged better effect with 1% as compared to 2% Chitosan coating. In formulations containing one part of bioglass (F4 and F6) Showed prolonged release by 2% coating followed by 1% Chitosan coating. F5 was the exception where coating favoured dissolution. F8 and F9 showed prolonged release of drug by 1% than 2% Chitosan. In-case of In-vitro study, concentration was maintained above MIC i,e above 0.032 except in 816 hours where the drug concentration was observed below MIC (Fig No-14). F4C was found to be the best i,e 0.880 (Table No-06) for prolonged drug release over 6 weeks. FTIR study confirmed that characteristic peaks showed by Moxifloxicin (Fig No-3 & Table No-5) were 719cm-1, 1045cm-1, 1702cm-1 and 3327cm-1 which were also shown by developed formulations (725cm-1, 1051cm-1, 1703cm-1 and 3543cm-1). For In-vitro bioactivity, SEM were also performed after 24hrs (Fig No-15) and 48hrs (Fig No-16), the intensity of the HAP in 48hrs was more as compared to 24rs which confirmed that formulation is able to induced new bone cell after implantation. This result indicates that these newly prepared formulations could be a potential drug delivery system in osteomylietis condition (induces new bone cell) and can be helpful for the scientists for the particular field of study in near future.
[The border seal in restorations of class-V lesions with glass ionomer cement and composite (the sandwich filling)].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

In 9 patients, 60 class V restorations were evaluated clinically and by scanning electron microscopy. All lesions were treated with glass-ionomer combined with composite resin. In 27 fillings (group A) the glass-ionomer lining cement was etched, whereas in 33 fillings (group B) the composite material was applied directly on the unetched glass-ionomer liner. Clinically, the retention of the fillings after one year was 100%. The margins of the fillings were checked with different explorers and found to be acceptable. Scanning electron microscopy of the margins of the fillings showed disappointing results. One week after placement of the fillings, only 16.2% (group A) and 7.4% (group B) of the cervical margins in dentin were rated perfect. After one year, even more cervical bond failures were observed. 9.7% perfect margins were found in group A, 3.2% in group B. Etching of the glass-ionomer liner had no influence on the cervical bond failure of the class V fillings.
CSD 2117700: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Role of family caregivers regarding sexual and reproductive health for women and girls with intellectual disability: A scoping review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background While people with intellectual disability (ID) face disparities relating to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, little is known about the role of family caregivers who assist women and girls with ID access SRH services. This scoping review examined the findings of studies to elucidate the role of family caregivers with regard to SRH for women and girls with ID. Method We used Arksey and O'Malley's six‐stage scoping framework, with Levac, Colquhoun and O'Brien's revisions, to evaluate identified sources. We searched three electronic databases, six ID journals and reference lists in full‐text articles. Inclusion criteria included (1) primary and secondary source research studies in peer‐reviewed journals; (2) published in English; (3) all research methodologies (i.e. qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods and systematic reviews or commentaries); (4) published between 2000 and 2016; and (5) studies from any country. Results The search yielded 2062 studies; 57 articles met inclusion criteria. Most studies employed purposive, convenience or criterion sampling. Participants included people with ID, family caregivers, paid caregivers and health‐care professionals. Findings were summarised thematically: (1) menstruation and menopause; (2) vaccinations and preventive screenings; (3) supporting sexuality and healthy relationships; (4) coordinating with health‐care providers and (5) contraception and sterilisation. Conclusions Findings from this scoping review underscore the need for more and better‐quality research, including how family caregivers assist women and girls with ID access perinatal and preventive SRH services and sexual abuse education. Family caregivers, women and girls with ID and health‐care providers need increased access to information about SRH.
Border Encounters

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Among the tremendous changes affecting Europe in recent decades, those concerning political frontiers have been some of the most significant. International borders are being opened in some regions while being redefined or reinforced in others. The social relationships of those living in these borderland regions are also changing fundamentally. This volume investigates, from a local, ground-up perspective, what is happening at some of these border encounters: face-to-face interactions and relations of compliance and confrontation, where people are bargaining, exchanging goods and information, and maneuvering beyond state boundaries. Anthropological case studies from a number of European borderlands shed light on the questions of how, and to what extent, the border context influences the changing interactions and social relationships between people at a political frontier.
SEACOIN--an investigative tool for biomedical informatics researchers.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Peer-reviewed scientific literature is a prime source for accessing knowledge in the biomedical field. Its rapid growth and diverse domain coverage require systematic efforts in developing interactive tools for efficiently searching and summarizing current advances for acquiring knowledge and referencing, and for furthering scientific discovery. Although information retrieval systems exist, the conventional tools and systems remain difficult for biomedical investigators to use. There remain gaps even in the state-of-the-art systems as little attention has been devoted to understanding the needs of biomedical researchers. Our work attempts to bridge the gap between the needs of biomedical users and systems design efforts. We first study the needs of users and then design a simple visual analytic application tool, SEACOIN. A key motivation stems from biomedical researchers' request for a "simple interface" that is suitable for novice users in information technology. The system minimizes information overload, and allows users to search easily even in time-constrained situations. Users can manipulate the depth of information according to the purpose of usage. SEACOIN enables interactive exploration and filtering of search results via "metamorphose topological visualization" and "tag cloud," visualization tools that are commonly used in social network sites. We illustrate SEACOIN's usage through applications on PubMed publications on heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and asthma.
Sulphur Compounds and some Uncommon Esters in Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Forty-three sulphur-containing constituents were found in a pentane extract of the durian fruit (Durio zibethinus Murr., Bombacaceae). Amongst them, 22 are new compounds. They belong to dialkyl di- and trisulphides, 3-(alkylthio)- and 3-(alkyldithio)-butan-1-ols, 1,1-bis(alkylthio)alkanes and 1-(alkylthio)-1-(alkyldithio)alkanes, trithiolanes, tetrathiolanes and S-alkyl thioesters. In addition, the ethyl (Z,Z)-, (E,Z)- and (E,E)-deca-2,4-dienoates, ethyl (3Z,6Z)-decadienoate and the ethyl (E,Z,Z)- and (E,E,Z)-decatrienoates contribute significantly to the fruity aspect of the unusual flavour. Some olfactive evaluations of the synthesised constituents are described.
An investigation into the effects of metabolic disturbance on monocyte inflammatory response and regulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The presence of chronic inflammation is associated with increased nutrient availability during obesity or type 2 diabetes which contributes to the development of complications such as atherosclerosis, stroke and myocardial infarction. The link between increased nutrient availability and inflammatory response remains poorly understood. The functioning of monocytes, the primary instigators of the inflammatory response was assessed in response to obesity and increased glucose availability. Monocyte microRNA expression was assessed in obese individuals prior to and up to one year after bariatric surgery. A number of microRNAs were identified to be dysregulated in obesity, some of which have previously been linked to the regulation of monocyte inflammatory responses including the microRNAs 146a-5p and 424-5p. Weight loss in response to bariatric surgery lead to the reversal of microRNA changes towards control values. In vitro treatments of THP-1 monocytes with high concentrations of D-glucose resulted in decreased intracellular NAD+:NADH ratio, decreased SIRT1 deacetylase activity and increased P65 acetylation. However the increased osmotic concentration inhibited LPS induced inflammatory response and TNFα mRNA expression. In vitro treatment of primary human monocytes with increased concentrations of D-glucose resulted in increased secretion of a number of inflammatory cytokines and increased expression of TNFα mRNA. Treatment also resulted in decreased intracellular NAD+:NADH ratio and increased binding of acetylated P65 to the TNFα promoter region. In vitro treatments of primary monocytes also replicated the altered expression of the microRNAs 146a-5p and miR-424-5p, as seen in obese individuals. In conclusion a number of changes in monocyte function were observed in response to obesity and treatment with high concentrations of D-glucose. These may lead to the dysregulation of inflammatory responses contributing to the development of co-morbidities.
A Revolution in Quantum Computing is Underway: the Essence-Units and Energy States are Fundamental Programming Units

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This proposal advocates using energy states as fundamental units for quantum computer programming. Each programming unit is conceptualized as an energy state, manifested as an essence-unit. The essence-unit, defined as the minimal form encapsulating complete uniqueness or specificity, serves as the cornerstone of this paradigm. This approach allows recording various forms of matter on quantum computers in essence-units representing their energy states. Recording energy states is achieved through the creation of four distinct coherent potentials facilitated by quantum dots or crystals. It is crucial to note that these energy states, embodied in essence-units, cannot be subdivided. The study examines the intricate relationship between similarity, fractals, and uniqueness in quantum dot operations, elucidating their profound implications for information transfer efficiency. Normalized entropy quantifies the charge localization in quantum dot impurities in systems exhibiting distortions. Utilizing N-level recording and entropy-fractal dimension equivalence enables this paper to elucidate the potential of quantum dots in reducing transmission time and modeling complex systems. The proposed methodology represents a significant departure from the current state of quantum computing, offering unprecedented potential for overcoming previously intractable challenges.
Blind surveys for radio pulsars and transients

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The main reasons for searching for pulsars are to: (i) get an accurate census\nof the neutron star population and its origin and evolution; (ii) connect\nneutron stars to other stellar populations in the Galaxy and globular clusters;\n(iii) study Galactic astronomy (the interstellar medium and magnetic field);\n(iv) find and study new interesting individual objects; (v) study pulsar\nphenomenology; (vi) find pulsars to add to the sensitivity of pulsar timing\narrays. This review focuses on blind (i.e. large area) searches for radio\npulsars. I'll summarize the methods we use, some of the challenges they\npresent, look at some of the recent and current efforts going on. I will also\nlook at outreach of this area to groups outside the traditional area of pulsar\nresearch, highlight the discoveries of radio transients and look ahead to the\nfuture. Pulsars found at other wavelengths will be reviewed elsewhere in this\nvolume.\n
Cluster randomised feasibility trial to improve the Control of Hypertension In Rural India (CHIRI): a study protocol

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Hypertension is emerging in rural populations of India. Barriers to diagnosis and treatment of hypertension may differ regionally according to economic development. Our main objectives are to estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in 3 diverse regions of rural India; identify barriers to diagnosis and treatment in each setting and evaluate the feasibility of a community-based intervention to improve control of hypertension. Methods and analysis This study includes 4 main activities: (1) assessment of risk factors, quality of life, socioeconomic position and barriers to changes in lifestyle behaviours in ∼14 500 participants; (2) focus group discussions with individuals with hypertension and indepth interviews with healthcare providers, to identify barriers to control of hypertension; (3) use of a medicines-availability survey to determine the availability, affordability and accessibility of medicines and (4) trial of an intervention provided by Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), comprising group-based education and support for individuals with hypertension to self-manage blood pressure. Wards/villages/hamlets of a larger Mandal are identified as the primary sampling unit (PSU). PSUs are then randomly selected for inclusion in the cross-sectional survey, with further randomisation to intervention or control. Changes in knowledge of hypertension and risk factors, and clinical and anthropometric measures, are assessed. Evaluation of the intervention by participants provides insight into perceptions of education and support of self-management delivered by the ASHAs. Ethics and dissemination Approval for the overall study was obtained from the Health Ministry's Screening Committee, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India), institutional review boards at each site and Monash University. In addition to publication in peer-reviewed articles, results will be shared with federal, state and local government health officers, local healthcare providers and communities. Trial registration number CTRI/2016/02/006678 ; Pre-results.
Power-law behavior observed in $p_{T}$-distributions and its implications in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Preconception-free analyses of the inclusive invariant transverse-momentum distribution data taken from the measurements of Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=130$ GeV and $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV have been performed. It is observed that the distributions exhibit for $p_{T}\geq 2$ GeV/c remarkably good power-law behavior ($p_{T}$-scaling) with general regularities. This power-law behavior leads us in particular to recognize that the concept of centrality, albeit its simple appearance, is rather complex; its underlying geometrical structure has to be understood in terms of fractal dimensions. Experimental evidences and theoretical arguments are given which show that the observed striking features are mainly due to geometry and self-organized criticality. A simple model is proposed which approximately reproduces the above-mentioned data for the ``suppression'' without any adjustable parameter. Further heavy-ion collision experiments are suggested.
[Characterization and simulation of far-infrared spectroscopy for saturated monohydric alcohols].

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) was employed to measure the far-infrared (FIR) spectra in wavenumbers of 30-300 cm(-1) for six kinds of saturated monohydric alcohols, namely: methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol and isobutanol. Further analysis of the FIR spectra for these monohydric alcohols with similar chemical structures reveals that absorption peaks are observed obviously for these alcohols in the 30-150 cm(-1) band, whereas not obvious peaks are measured in the 150-300 cm(-1) band. Moreover, it was found that the monohydric alcohols with higher hydroxy concentration possess lower average FIR transmission. In addition, the average FIR transmissions of linear chain monohydric alcohols are higher than those of the branched chain ones. Furthermore, the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) basis set was employed to simulate the structures optimization and to calculate the responding frequencies of the methanol monomer and polymer. Simulation result indicates that no absorption peaks are found in the 30-150 cm(-1) band for the methanol monomer molecule, whereas there are obvious absorption peaks for the methanol polymers in the same band. In addition, the simulated absorption peak positions for the methanol polymers are in agreement with those experimentally measured. Both results indicate that the absorption of the methanol in Terahertz (THz) is attributed to the collective vibrations of different kinds of polymer, and that the polymer for methanol is mainly trimmer. This paper not only provides a new way to investigate the responding frequencies of organic molecule in THz band, but also is helpful for the FTIR-ATR study of other organic molecules.
Body Composition and Maximal Strength of Powerlifters: A Descriptive Quantitative and Longitudinal Study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to present the relationships between maximal strength and body composition and to conduct yearly follow-ups presenting the chronic effects of maximal strength training on body composition. Thirty-four (age = 28.8 ± 8.7 yrs) classic powerlifters (M = 21; F = 13) completed at least one Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) 43.97 ± 23.93 days after a sanctioned international powerlifting federation affiliate competition (Squat + Bench Press + Deadlift = Total (kg)). In addition, thirteen subjects (n = 13) completed at least one yearly follow up. Paired sample T-Tests and simple linear regressions were performed to determine significant effects on body composition and maximal strength measures. Prediction formulas were obtained as follows: Bone Mineral Content (BMC) (g) = 3.39 * Total (kg) + 1494.78 (r = 0.84; p < 0.000; SEE = 348.05); Bone Mineral Density (BMD) (g/cm3) = 0.000390 * Total (kg) + 1.115 (r = 0.71; p < 0.000; SEE = 0.062); Total (kg) = 10.84 * Lean Body Weight (LBW) (kg) - 154.89 (r = 0.90; p < 0.000; SEE = 70.27); Total (kg) = 22.74 * Relative LBW (kg/m) - 306.66 (r = 0.92; p < 0.000; SEE = 64.07). Significant differences were observed in BMD (+1.57 ± 1.55%; p = 0.018; ES = 0.22), between measures one and two (333.7 ± 36.3 days apart) as well as LBW (-2.95 ± 3.82%; p = 0.049; ES = 0.16), and Body Fat Percentage (+2.59%; p = 0.029; ES = 0.20) between measures two and three (336 ± 13.3 days apart). Thus, maximal strength can be used to predict BMC and BMD, while LBW can be used to predict maximal strength. As well, consistent powerlifting practice can increase BMD in adults.