jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cultural method for large-scale screening for Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Idoxuridine-treated McCoy cells grown as monolayers in 96 well microplates provide a convenient method for the isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis. Staining of infected monolayers with periodic acid-Schiff reagent (PAS) allows easy recognition of C trachomatis inclusions without the need for dark-ground microscopy. By this method 384 clinical specimens can be examined concurrently. It is sufficiently sensitive to form the basis of a chlamydial culture service for patients attending Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Clinics.
Optimal Citizen-Centric Sensor Placement for Air Quality Monitoring: A Case Study of City of Cambridge, the United Kingdom

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Air quality monitoring plays an increasingly important role in providing accurate air pollution data for assessing the impacts of air pollution on public health. Development of proper sensor networks, by deploying the right air pollution sensors at the right place, in order to meet the needs of different groups in the city and provide the much needed public services, deserves careful attention, especially when smart city development is being considered. However, air quality monitoring can be a costly measure. To tackle such a challenge, air pollution sensor placement can be carefully designed to achieve certain optimal citizen-centric objectives in the absence of field information, which can be formulated as an optimal sensor placement problem. In this paper, we propose three citizen-centric objectives for the optimal sensor placement problem, which does not require the prior deployment of pollution sensors for obtaining any field information. By citizen-centric, we mean that sensor placement puts the citizens' welfare at the center of attention and be able to fulfill the following objectives: 1) better assessing the vulnerable people's exposure to air pollution; 2) maximizing overall satisfaction of obtaining public information on existing air quality; and 3) better monitoring traffic emissions. We formulate the optimization problem for each scenario and propose an effective method to solve the problem accordingly. Last but not least, we conduct a case study in the city of Cambridge to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed methods. Our case study has shown that in order to optimize our citizen-centric objectives, there is a need to re-orient the current sensor placement strategies in the city of Cambridge, U.K.
Cognitive and affective minds: A necessary marriage in criminal justice education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

How does a person know that what is being taught is important enough to be part of future behavior? Instrumental to answering this important question may require taking a closer look at the relationship between what is learned and how that learning is valued. Bloom and Krathwohl's cognitive affective domains provide an integrated approach to understanding this process. By employing a taxonomy of behavioral objectives, the criminal justice educator can monitor intrinsic and extrinsic factors in learning. It is the relationship between thought and amity that adds substance to education. Combining the two has proven to enhance instruction.
Novel emergency medicine simulation addressing high risk scenarios with fire first responders

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Simulation has been shown to improve resident understanding of high-risk scenarios, especially with topics that are not covered in graduate medical education. Simulation training in healthprofessionals education is associated with positive effects on knowledge, skills, behaviors, and patient outcomes. This novel interprofessional simulation with paramedic trained firefighters and emergency medicine (EM) residents was created on the belief that physician residents would benefit from a better understanding of the pre-hospital identification, assessment, and treatment of trauma and fire-related patients.
Expression of VP1 and VP2 genes of chicken anemia virus by baculovirus expression systems

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chicken anemia virus strain M9905 was isolated in Mudanjiang region of Heilongjiang province of China in 1999. It's VP1 and VP2 genes encoded by open reading frame (ORF) 1 and 2 were cloned and inserted into the baculovirus transfer vector pFastBacDUAL and then recombined with the baculovirus shuttle vector Bacmid by transforming DH10BAC competent cells. Finally, Sf9 cells were transfected by recombinant Bacmid DNAs and three recombinant viruses that respectively contained VP1,VP2 or VP1+VP2 gene(s) were obtained. PCR amplification confirmed that VP1 and VP2 genes had inserted into the baculovirus genome. Indirect immunofluorescence assay and SDS-PAGE analysis showed that vp1 and vp2 has been expressed in Sf9 cells infected with the recombinant baculoviruses.
Dipterocarpol in Oleoresin of Dipterocarpus alatus Attributed to Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis-Inducing Effect

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G. Don is widely found in Southeast Asia. Its oleo-resin has reportedly been used in biodiesel production. Two different biodiesel production processes produce resinous byproducts, namely degumming (DG) and distillation (DT). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified sesquiterpenes and triterpenes in oleo-resin, DG, and DT; and long-chain hydrocarbons in oleo-resin. High-performance liquid chromatography detected dipterocarpol as a marker compound, with the highest to lowest amounts detected in DG, DT, and oleo-resin, respectively. Oleo-resin, DG, and DT exerted more cytotoxicity than dipterocarpol, and melphalan, a chemotherapeutic drug. Oleo-resin, DG, and DT exerted cytotoxicity to a different degree in T cell leukemia (Jurkat), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, while the highest selectivity was found in the Jurkat cells compared to the non-cancer Vero cells. Dipterocarpol exhibited the highest cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells and the lowest cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells. Oleo-resin, DG, and DT induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. In oleo-resin, DG, and DT, dipterocarpol and other compounds may act in synergy leading to cytotoxicity and an apoptosis-inducing effect. Oleo-resin, DG, and DT could be potential sources for anticancer agents. Dipterocarpol could serve as a biomarker for follow ups on the anticancer activity of a sample from D. alatus.
Roll Over Protective Structure (ROPS) Design, Analysis and Test for the Military 6000-Lb. Rough Terrain Forklift Truck

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A ROPS (Roll Over Protective Structure) has been analyzed and designed for the military 10,000 lb Rough Terrain Forklift Truck. The ROPS is a two post type to best comply with attachment limitations on the vehicle and provide minimum obstruction to visibility and vehicle operation. ROPS are removable and interchangeable. Certification tests to SAE Recommended Practices were performed. Installation instructions for retrofit of the ROPS onto the forklifts now in the field are included. Complete design descriptions of the ROPS are shown including Material and Process Specifications for steel to be used in ROPS fabrication. Structural analysis of the design is shown.
Technical note: Whole-body postmortem angiography of the arterial and venous systems with barium sulfate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the field of postmortem angiography, a great deal of diverse methods has been used since 17th-18th centuries. In recent years significant technical developments, namely CT and MR, played an important role in the field giving that they help to carry the quality of postmortem imaging one step further. The principal aim of this study is to present an autopsy center with a postmortem imaging technique that is practical, cheap and easy to handle and also able to provide detailed images of whole vascular system of body. In this study, 25% diluted barium sulfate solution was preferred since it has been kept-up-to-date through decades and extensively used in similar studies. It was manually injected through various arteries and veins without pressure control by the aid of injectors or cannulas. The images were analyzed with a C-armed fluoroscopy. 138 corpses, that were sent to Ministry of Justice, Council of Forensic Medicine Istanbul for autopsy, were studied. And 8 of 138 corpses were in the state of putrefaction. After angiographic studies took place, conventional autopsy was performed and the findings of two techniques were compared. This technique can be used as a supplementary method to conventional autopsy and assists resolution of cases involving vascular lesions. [Med-Science 2018; 7(3.000): 565-70]
A study on coordinating function of cochlear implant centers in China

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To facilitate the rapid progress of cochlear implant (CI) in China and to solvethe problems of existing imbalance between technical conditions and surgery experiences in different areas, theauthor explored a new and effective working model so as to ensure an steady development of CI in China.Methods The author and his colleagues had expanded their experiences and established procedures of supportingCI to a large number of local centers in China. Cooperating with 25 CI centers in 16 provinces from Dec. 1997to Aug. 2005, 431 cases (432 ears, severe to profound hearing loss) CI surgeries were performed. Postoperativeservices and hearing speech rehabilitation were also delivered via this cooperation. Results Supported bytechnical training and cooperation for 0.5～7.5 years, all CI centers in 25 hospitals established standardprocedures including preoperative auditory tests and imaging evaluation. In all 431 cases (432 ears), CIs wereperformed successfully at the first time, 3 of these cases re-implanted for device problems, the other 428 caseswithout complication. 309 cases received hearing and speech training in rehabilitation centers, and the otherswere trained by their parents. Speech discrimination and spoken language were improved in all these patients.Conclusion A shortage of technique and clinical experiences in new CI centers were resolved through cooperatingwith experienced CI specialists and receiving technical instruction. Consequently, the safety and effectiveness ofCI were ensured through this working model.
IMPACT OF AIRPORT SERVICE QUALITY, IMAGE, AND PERCEIVED VALUE ON LOYALTY OF PASSENGERS IN SUVARNABHUMI AIRPORT SERVICE OF THAILAND

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Suvarnabhumi Airport is a gateway to Thailand and Asia. It attracts inbound-, outbound- and transit passengers. The objectives of this study were to develop an airport service quality, image and perceived value framework for the loyalty of passengers and to study the direct, indirect and total effects of the factors that influence the loyalty of passengers who used the service at Suvarnabhumi Airport. This quantitative research method uses the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data from 400 passenger samples. According to the Structural Equation Modelling analysis, airport service quality, image and perceived value have had a positive effect on loyalty that airport service quality mainly has an impact on passenger loyalty. There are four latent dimensions of airport service quality, namely, essential services; comfort, convenience and enjoyment; security, customs and passport control; and special facilities, that can help develop loyalty. Perceived value and image on airport administration and management had a significant direct effect to passenger loyalty. Improving these facotrs in order to attract passenger interest and attention can lead to the development of airport organization performance, and to increase competitiveness as an aviation hub in this region.
Synthesis of multicriterial intelligent control system using network operator method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work we consider an application of the network operator method for the intelligent control system synthesis. This system should guarantee object to meet several goals. If we weaken precision conditions, control system becomes optimal with respect to the general criterion. To solve the problem of synthesis the network operator method was used. This method allows searching for two multidimensional functions. The first function is responsible for the goal to be achieved, the second function is responsible for the goal selection area. We used the developed method to create the intelligent control system for flying robot that follows the three-dimensional path.
Anatomical Classifications of the Coronary Arteries in Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries and Double Outlet Right Ventricle with Subpulmonary Ventricular Septal Defect

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To discuss the anatomical morphologies of the coronary arteries and frequencies of unusual coronary arteries in complete transposition of the great arteries and double outlet right ventricle (DORV) associated with a subpulmonic ventricular septal defect (VSD). Methods Between March 1999 and August 2012, 1,078 patients with complete transposition of the great arteries or DORV with subpulmonary VSD underwent arterial switch operations (ASOs) and were visually evaluated to classify their coronary artery morphology during open heart surgery. Results The coronary arteries could be classified into five patterns with several subtypes. Unusual coronary arteries were observed in 248 of the 1,078 cases, providing a frequency of 23.01%. The frequencies of the patients with transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum (TGA/IVS), TGA/VSD, and DORV with subpulmonary VSD were 17.65, 23.28, and 31.84%, respectively. The most common morphologies were the right coronary artery (RCA) originating from sinus 1 and circumflex (CX) originating from sinus 2 (1R, AD; 2CX; 26.50%); the CX originating from sinus 2 (1AD; 2R, CX; 21.36%); the RCA, left anterior descending artery, and CX originating from single sinus 2 (2R, AD, CX; 13.24%). The in-hospital mortalities of the patients with or without unusual coronary arteries after ASO were 14.1 and 6.02%, respectively. Conclusion Patients with complete transposition of the great arteries or DORV with subpulmonary VSD have a high frequency of unusual coronary arteries, which might greatly impact on the mortality for ASO. Improving the preoperative diagnostic criteria for coronary artery morphology may significantly increase the success rate for ASOs.
Contact and Language Shift

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The motivation for language shift and the circumstances under which it takes place will vary from case to case but there is sufficient common ground for generalizations to be made about language shift and for the analysis of a single instance to be of broader value to the study of language shift as a whole. This chapter deals with the rise of vernacular varieties of Irish English during the shift period of the past few centuries. It presents information to highlight key aspects of language shift. The case for contact should be considered across all linguistic levels. In particular it is beneficial to consider phonological factors when examining syntactic transfer. Despite the typological differences between Irish and English there are nonetheless a number of unexpected parallels which should not be misinterpreted as the result of contact. In present-day Ireland, Irish has no influence on English but the reverse is very much the case.
Spotlight on Antidiabetic Agents with Cardiovascular or Renoprotective Benefits

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus often goes hand in hand with cardiovascular and renal comorbidities. Stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease are high-risk complications of type 2 diabetes that contribute to morbidity and mortality. Recent clinical trials have uncovered evidence that certain antidiabetic agents may confer cardiovascular and/or renal benefits such as reduced cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and reduced need for renal replacement therapy. Two landmark trials in particular, EMPA-REG OUTCOME (Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes) and LEADER (Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results), demonstrated the cardioprotective and/or renoprotective effects of empagliflozin and liraglutide, respectively. These trials led to new US Food and Drug Administration indications for empagliflozin and liraglutide as risk reduction for major cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease. Other trials are under way to determine whether these benefits are class effects and what other agents may have a role in risk reduction for cardiovascular and renal disease. This review will summarize the evidence for noninsulin antidiabetic drugs with benefits beyond glycemic control, discuss proposed mechanisms for these effects, and consider their place in therapy.
CoCl<sub>2</sub> Decreases EC-SOD Expression through Histone Deacetylation in COS7 Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), one of the SOD isozymes, is negatively regulated under hypoxic conditions, and decreases in its expression may exacerbate vascular diseases. Moreover, epigenetics, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are known to play a critical role in the progression of cancer, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. We previously investigated the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in decreases in EC-SOD expression in hypoxic COS7 cells; however, the role of epigenetics in this process currently remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that the hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride (CoCl2) decreased histone acetylation levels, and a pretreatment with 4-phenyl butyric acid (PBA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, significantly suppressed CoCl2-elicited histone deacetylation and decreases in EC-SOD. We found that CoCl2-elicited decreases in EC-SOD were accompanied by reductions in histone H3 acetylation levels within its promoter region. Furthermore, luteolin, a well-known flavonoid, significantly suppressed the CoCl2-elicited accumulation of ROS, p38-MAPK activation, and histone deacetylation. Collectively, the results of the present study showed for the first time that CoCl2 decreases the expression of EC-SOD through its deacetylation and luteolin may be one of the seed compounds that maintain redox homeostasis, even under hypoxic conditions.
Genome stability of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> after two-year exposure in open space

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Spore-forming bacteria have a unique resistance to negative environmental conditions, including aggressive space factors, and are an excellent model for studying adaptation mechanisms and survival strategies at the molecular level. The study analyzed the genome of Bacillus velezensis, which remained viable after a two-year exposure in outer space on the outer surface of the ISS as part of the Test space experiment. A comparative analysis of the draft genomes of the exhibit strain and the ground control did not reveal significant changes, the average nucleotide identity was 99.98%, which indicates the ability of microorganisms to maintain genome stability in space conditions, due to both increased stress resistance of bacterial spores and efficient operation of the system. repair of accumulated changes. The study of single nucleotide polymorphism in the genome of Bacillus velezensis revealed nine point substitutions, three of which are in intergenic regions, 6 in protein-coding genes, three of them are missense mutations, two nucleotide deletions leading to a shift in the reading frame, and one synonymous substitution. The profiles of the housekeeping genes were determined during MLST typing, and it was found that the allelic profiles obtained for B. velezensis T15.2 and 924 strains do not correspond to any of the previously described sequence types. The presented results indicate the ability of Bacillus velezensis bacteria to maintain the viability of spores and the integrity of the genome for a long time under extreme conditions of outer space, which is important for the problem of planetary protection, as well as the potential possibility of implementing biotechnological processes based on Bacillus velezensis during space exploration.
Final Technical Report for "Collaborative Research. Regional climate-change projections through next-generation empirical and dynamical models"

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This project was a continuation of previous work under DOE CCPP funding in which we developed a twin approach of non-homogeneous hidden Markov models (NHMMs) and coupled ocean-atmosphere (O-A) intermediate-complexity models (ICMs) to identify the potentially predictable modes of climate variability, and to investigate their impacts on the regional-scale. We have developed a family of latent-variable NHMMs to simulate historical records of daily rainfall, and used them to downscale seasonal predictions. We have also developed empirical mode reduction (EMR) models for gaining insight into the underlying dynamics in observational data and general circulation model (GCM) simulations. Using coupled O-A ICMs, we have identified a new mechanism of interdecadal climate variability, involving the midlatitude oceans mesoscale eddy field and nonlinear, persistent atmospheric response to the oceanic anomalies. A related decadal mode is also identified, associated with the oceans thermohaline circulation. The goal of the continuation was to build on these ICM results and NHMM/EMR model developments and software to strengthen two key pillars of support for the development and application of climate models for climate change projections on time scales of decades to centuries, namely: (a) dynamical and theoretical understanding of decadal-to-interdecadal oscillations and their predictability; and (b) an interface from climate models to applications, in order to inform societal adaptation strategies to climate change at the regional scale, including model calibration, correction, downscaling and, most importantly, assessment and interpretation of spread and uncertainties in multi-model ensembles. Our main results from the grant consist of extensive further development of the hidden Markov models for rainfall simulation and downscaling specifically within the non-stationary climate change context together with the development of parallelized software; application of NHMMs to downscaling of rainfall projections over India; identification and analysis of decadal climate signals in data and models; and, studies of climate variability in terms of the dynamics of atmospheric flow regimes. Each of these project components is elaborated on below, followed by a list of publications resulting from the grant.
Personality and Political Revenge

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

AUTHOR'S NOTE: A modified version of this article was originally presented at the 1974 meetings of the Southern Political Science Association in New Orleans. The article was written while the author was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Psychology and Politics Program at Yale University. Computer time wasfurnished by the Yale University Computer Center. The assistance of the students, teachers, and administrators in the three communities participating in this project is gratefully acknowledged. The assistance and counsel of Samantha Taylor Long in the preparation of this paper was invaluable.