jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Parameter Identification of SVG Using Multilayer Coarse-to-Fine Grid Searching and Particle Swarm Optimization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Accurate model parameters of Static Var Generator (SVG) play an essential role in regulating bus voltage profiles of power grid with increased penetration of renewable energy under various contingencies. Aiming at addressing the known issues of low identification accuracy and long computation time faced by the traditional SVG parameter identification methods, this paper presents a multi-layer coarse-to-fine grid searching approach for calibrating SVG dynamic model parameters using particle swarm optimization. First, actual measurement data is collected through SVG-RTDS testbeds under various conditions, which is compared with transient stability simulation results to check for model accuracy. Then, nonlinear trajectory sensitivity analysis is performed using segmented curves to identify potential bad model parameters. Next, a multi-layer coarse-to-fine grid searching mechanism is used to narrow the parameter searching space, before particle swarm algorithm optimization is used for more precise identification of parameters. By comparing the identification results obtained by the traditional identification methods and the proposed approach via comprehensive case studies, it is found that the proposed coarse-to-fine parameter identification method achieved higher accuracy and faster computational speed.
Human prostate MRI at ultrahigh‐performance gradient: A feasibility study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose To demonstrate the technical feasibility and the value of ultrahigh‐performance gradient in imaging the prostate in a 3T MRI system. Methods In this local institutional review board–approved study, prostate MRI was performed on 4 healthy men. Each subject was scanned in a prototype 3T MRI system with a 42‐cm inner‐diameter gradient coil that achieves a maximum gradient amplitude of 200 mT/m and slew rate of 500 T/m/s. PI‐RADS V2.1–compliant axial T 2 ‐weighted anatomical imaging and single‐shot echo planar DWI at standard gradient of 70 mT/m and 150 T/m/s were obtained, followed by DWI at maximum performance (i.e., 200 mT/m and 500 T/m/s). In comparison to state‐of‐the‐art clinical whole‐body MRI systems, the high slew rate improved echo spacing from 1020 to 596 μs and, together with a high gradient amplitude for diffusion encoding, TE was reduced from 55 to 36 ms. Results In all 4 subjects (waist circumference = 81–91 cm, age = 45–65 years), no peripheral nerve stimulation sensation was reported during DWI. Reduced image distortion in the posterior peripheral zone prostate gland and higher signal intensity, such as in the surrounding muscle of high‐gradient DWI, were noted. Conclusion Human prostate MRI at simultaneously high gradient amplitude of 200 mT/m and slew rate of 500 T/m/s is feasible, demonstrating that improved gradient performance can address image distortion and T 2 decay–induced SNR issues for in vivo prostate imaging.
Binding Constant for Diterbium(III) Human Serum Transferrin with K562 Cell

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human serum apotransferrins were labeled by using sodium iodide-125.In 0.1 mol/L N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid at 0 ℃ and pH 7.4 the binding of diterbium(Ⅲ) human serum transferrin to the surface of K562 cells,a human leukemic cell line,was studied.The results show that the binding constant for diterbium(Ⅲ) transferrin with K562 cell is 2.7×10 7mol -1·L and the number of binding sites on the surface is 1.0×10 6.
Retheorizing Shakespeare through Presentist Readings

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Retheorizing Shakespeare 1. Spectres of Intention: Epic Theatre and the Lessons of Theory 2. Boys Will Be Boys: Subtexts and Afterthoughts in the Comedies 3. Racism and Homophobia in The Merchant of Venice 4. Love and Object-Cathexis in Troilus and Cressida: Just One of Those Things 5. The Exotic/Erotic and the Group: Othello 6. King Lear and the Art of Dying Notes Performance Bibliography Index
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with inborn errors of immunity: A single centre experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This study retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 61 pediatric patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between 2011 and 2023. Patients were categorized into primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDD), primary immune dysregulation disorders (PIRD), and congenital defects of phagocyte number or function (CDP). Median ages at diagnosis and HSCT were 9 and 30 months, respectively. With a median follow‐up of 51 months, the overall survival (OS) was 70%, with a 100‐day post‐transplant OS of 80%. Transplant‐related mortality (TRM) was 29%, with rates of 42%, 22.5%, and 27% for PIRD, PIDD, and CDP, respectively. This study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and HSCT in improving survival for IEI patients, while also emphasizing the need for continuous improvements in transplant protocols to minimize TRM and enhance quality of life.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The physiology of phagocytosis in the context of mitochondrial origin.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

How mitochondria came to reside within the cytosol of their host has been debated for 50 years.Though current data indicate that the last eukaryote common ancestor possessed mitochondria and was a complex cell, whether mitochondria or complexity came first in eukaryotic evolution is still discussed.In autogenous models (complexity first), the origin of phagocytosis poses the limiting step at eukaryote origin, with mitochondria coming late as an undigested growth substrate.In symbiosis-based models (mitochondria first), the host was an archaeon, and the origin of mitochondria was the limiting step at eukaryote origin, with mitochondria providing bacterial genes, ATP synthesis on internalized bioenergetic membranes, and mitochondrion-derived vesicles as the seed of the eukaryote endomembrane system.Metagenomic studies are uncovering new host-related archaeal lineages that are reported as complex or phagocytosing, although images of such cells are lacking.Here we review the physiology and components of phagocytosis in eukaryotes, critically inspecting the concept of a phagotrophic host.From ATP supply and demand, a mitochondrion-lacking phagotrophic archaeal fermenter would have to ingest about 34 times its body weight in prokaryotic prey to obtain enough ATP to support one cell division.It would lack chemiosmotic ATP synthesis at the plasma membrane, because phagocytosis and chemiosmosis in the same membrane are incompatible.It would have lived from amino acid fermentations, because prokaryotes are mainly protein.Its ATP yield would have been impaired relative to typical archaeal amino acid fermentations, which involve chemiosmosis.In contrast, phagocytosis would have had great physiological benefit for a mitochondrion-bearing cell.
Amélioration des Performances de Certaines Méthodes de Calcul Numérique a L'aide des Algorithmes Evolutionnaires

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we prove that the Gregory Formula (G) can be optimized by minimizing some of their coefficients in the remainder term by using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm. \nExperimental tests prove that obtained Formula can be rendered a powerful formula for library use
Carrier-Guided Proteome Analysis in a High Protein Background: An Improved Approach to Host Cell Protein Identification

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many shotgun proteomics experiments are negatively influenced by highly abundant proteins, such as those measuring residual host cell proteins (HCP) amidst highly abundant recombinant biotherapeutic or plasma proteins amidst albumin and immunoglobulins. While western blotting and ELISAs can reveal the presence of specific low abundance proteins from highly abundant background proteins, mass spectrometry approaches are required to define the low abundance protein composition in these scenarios. The challenge in detecting low abundance proteins in a high protein background by standard shotgun approaches is that spectra are often not triggered on their peptides in data dependent acquisition methods but rather on the highly abundant background peptides. Here, we use tandem mass tags (TMT) to introduce a carrier proteome approach to enhance the detection of proteins, such as from residual host cell proteomes amidst a highly abundant background. Using a mixture of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and E. coli as a mock high background/low abundance target protein formulation, we demonstrate proof-of-principle experiments allowing the improved detection of target proteins amidst a high protein background. While we observed significant coisolation interference, we mitigated it by using a spike-in interference detection TMT channel. Finally, we use the approach to identify 300 residual E. coli proteins from a protein A pulldown of a human IgG antibody, demonstrating that it may be applicable to analysis of HCPs in biotherapeutic protein formulations.
A Unified Analysis of Hot Video Schedulers Wun-Tat Chan Tak-Wah Lam

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT In this paper we consider the notion of relative competitive analysis, which is a simple generalization of the conventional competitive analysis and extra-resource analysis for on-line algorithms. We apply this analysis to study online schedulers for stream merging in two different videoon-demand (VOD) systems, which are based on two common approaches, namely, piggybacking and skimming. Our new analysis, in its simplest form, reveals a 3-competitive algorithm for stream merging based on skimming as well as piggybacking. This improves all previous results [4, 8]. We also show how to obtain guarantee on the performance improvement based on adding extra resources, and more interestingly, we provide a unified methodology to compare piggybacking and skimming. We believe that our result gives a clue to system designers for choosing desirable configurations. Categories and Subject Descriptors F.2 [Theory of Computation]: Analysis of Algorithms and Problem Complexity
Health Promotion in Children and Adolescents through Sport and Physical Activities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

I made the important decision to manage a Special Issue, because I believe it to be extremely important to focus on children’s and adolescents’ physiological and psychological development. I aimed to collect research that investigates the role of physical activity and sport on physical and mental well-being, with a particular focus on practical implications, innovation, tools, and technique. This Special Issue, “Health Promotion in Children and Adolescents through Sport and Physical Activities” addresses pediatric exercise science as a key scientific discipline able to help future generations live longer and better. It is already clear that sedentariness and a low level of muscular strength and power significantly affects cognitive functions and daily relations, but it is interesting to understand the key determinants and how we can help practitioners better manage these concerns in their patients. Authors were invited to submit letters, original research papers, case studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews.
Low Power Frequency-Shift Keying Demodulators for Biomedical Implants

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This Low power frequency-shift keying (FSK) demodulators are presented for the biomedical implants. Two FSK demodulators are designed with different concepts. The analog FSK (A-FSK) demodulator is composed of a single balance mixer, a square wave generator, a charge pump circuit, and a comparator to achieve the demodulation. The other digital FSK (D-FSK) demodulator employs only one block which the output signals for stimulating can be obtained simply and directly. Both demodulators are implemented by tsmc 1P6M CMOS process at IV supply voltage. A-FSK demodulator occupies chip area of 0.016 mm 2 . The data rate is 2.5Mbps while receiving 2.5MHz/5MHz FSK carrier signals. While receiving 5MHz/10MHz FSK carrier signals, the data rate of the D-FSK demodulator is up to be 5Mbps. The D-FSK demodulator occupies 0.004mm 2 . The power consumption of the A-FSK and D-FSK demodulators are 0.47mW and 0.022mW, respectively.
Proteins of Multiple Classes May Participate in Nongenomic Steroid Actions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Responses to steroids initiated from non-nuclear receptors impinge on a wide variety of cellular responses and utilize nearly all known signal transduction webs. While the mechanisms by which steroid receptors localize in the membrane are still unclear, it is apparent that this alternative localization allows steroid receptors to participate in a wide range of complex functions influencing cell proliferation, death, and differentiation. The central debate still remains the identity of the protein class or classes that mediate membrane-initiated (nongenomic) responses. The data thus far have supported several possibilities, including: nuclear steroid receptor-like forms in non-nuclear locations; other known (nonsteroid) membrane receptors or channels with additional steroid-binding sites; enzymes; transporters; receptors for serum steroid-binding proteins; unique and previously undescribed proteins; or chimeras of typical steroid receptor domains with other unique or known protein domains. Categorizing membrane steroid receptor proteins based exclusively on the actions of antagonists and agonists, without considering cell context and protein partnering issues, may mislead us into predicting more receptor subtypes than really exist. However, the plethora of signaling and functional outcomes may indicate the participation of more than one kind of steroid-binding protein. Resolving such unanswered questions will require future investigative focus on this alternative arm of steroid action, which is likely to yield as many therapeutic opportunities as have nuclear steroid mechanisms.
6 Animal Deaths and the Written Record of History

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this chapter, Desmond analyses contemporary US debates over publishing pet obituaries in newspapers. She suggests that these obituaries raise multiple issues about the "appropriate" objects of mourning, the "right" to mourn publicly, and the ways that such public mourning both legitimates social relationships and writes individual lives and relationships into history. Pet obituaries, Desmond argues, are in fact assertive political acts because they contest denials of value, both of the animals whose lives are being remembered and of the humans wishing to engage in public acts of remembrance. Desmond discusses how these obituaries are also part of a wider context rearticulating human understandings of animal subjectivity across multiple realms.
Escherichia Coli Transfer to Food by Fruit Flies during Short Time Exposure

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two separate experiments were conducted to determine the transfer of E. coli by fruit flies during short term exposure to apple slices and bologna. Short time exposure (1, 5 and 15 min) of flies to inoculated apple slices were tested in the first experiment to determine the transfer of E. coli to flies. No difference (P≤0.05) in the number of bacteria transferred to flies were found due to these exposure times. In the second experiment the transfer of E. coli from inoculated apple or bologna slices (5 min exposure) to un-inoculated slices (1, 5 and 15 min exposure) were tested. More bacteria were transferred to bologna at 1 and 5 min compared to apple while the number transferred did not differ at 15 min exposure. The percentage of E. coli transferred from inoculated food to flies was low (&lt;0.5%) while the percentage transferred from flies to un-inoculated food was relatively high (&gt;50%). This study found that flies can pick up and transfer bacteria to food in short exposure times.
Microbial Production of l-Threonine Using Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

l-Threonine is one of the essential amino acids and has broad applications in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetic products, and feed. Currently, its production depends on sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective microbial fermentation utilizing renewable carbon sources. With the global demand for l-threonine rising annually, achieving high production efficiency at economical costs has become a major focus of research. Multiple metabolic engineering approaches have been implemented to develop efficient l-threonine microbial cell factories, providing theoretical insights to support industrial-scale l-threonine production. This paper reviews systematic metabolic engineering approaches to develop l-threonine microbial cell factories, explores the application of novel tools and strategies, examines research aimed at enhancing cell robustness, and discusses fermentation condition optimization. Lastly, the challenges in constructing efficient l-threonine-producing strains are highlighted, providing theoretical insights to support industrial-scale l-threonine production.
Inequality and penality: The hidden side of a complex relationship

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article focuses on the close association between inequality and punishment observed over recent decades at a macro level, at least in some regions of the world. A review of the empirical literature first provides an overview of the different types of variables mobilized to try to understand this complex relationship. The aim of the empirical part is to explore the potential role of attitudes towards inequality in this relationship, on the basis of country-level data available for West European countries. The results do not support the idea that a more meritocratic ethos at the country level would create the connection between inequality and punishment. On the contrary, they suggest the persistence of a systemic link independently of attitudinal variables. However, by showing that, the greater the inequality, the more the population calls for redistributive intervention by the state, and the more it also calls for punitive intervention, the findings could suggest another pattern. This moves away from a rather deterministic perspective to highlight the room for manoeuvre for social change.
An experimental study of the effect of green positioning on brand attitude

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Reducing the environmental impact of a product or its manufacturing process not necessarily limits the company's activities. In the context of a green branding strategy, it might as well open new business opportunities. Ecological positioning provides a strategic tool for the active implementation of green brands. The empirical study shows that more positive attitudes are developed towards a brand positioned by environmental attributes and that these effects vary as a result of the implementation of different types of ecological positioning strategies. Although most researchers in ecological marketing recommend rational persuasion strategies, in this study the effect of an ecological positioning by emotional brand benefits appears to be even stronger than effects of rational perceptions of functional benefits for the environment.
Drought-induced tree mortality in Scots pine mesocosms promotes changes in soil microbial communities and trophic groups

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Increased tree mortality related to water limitation is documented for various species at different sites globally. Nevertheless, our understanding of tree mortality effects on soil microbial communities remains scarce. Therefore, we conducted a mesocosm experiment with young Scots pine saplings and natural forest soil with differing drought legacies to follow changes in soil microbial communities during tree mortality. Scots pine saplings were completely deprived of water during the experiment until they died. Shifts in soil microbial communities during tree mortality were assessed by metabarcoding in parallel with measurements of tree vitality and physicochemical soil properties. Drought history influenced the rate at which trees died, although high individual differences were observed. Tree death was accompanied by reduced stomatal conductance, discoloring of needles, increased defoliation, and shrinkage of the stem diameter. Soil NO3− concentrations increased after tree death, potentially through diminished plant uptake and increased microbial nitrification. Microbial abundance and community composition were affected by tree death and drought legacy. Copiotrophic bacterial taxa decreased during tree mortality, while oligotrophic taxa increased, probably slowing down soil carbon turnover. Fungal saprotrophs decreased, while symbiotrophs, such as ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, increased in abundance, potentially through facultative saprothrophy and as a survival strategy of the trees in the initial phase of dying. Overall, our results indicate that drought-induced tree mortality promotes changes in soil prokaryotic and fungal communities, potentially affecting soil processes in forest ecosystems.
Patient-reported aesthetic outcomes in oncoplastic breast surgery compared with conventional breast-conserving surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: We aimed to compare the aesthetic and surgical satisfaction of oncoplastic breast surgery (OBS) to conventional breast-conserving surgery (CBCS). Methodology: This meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42024521223) followed PRISMA and PICO guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized trials and non-randomized studies comparing OBS to CBCS for female breast cancer patients and reporting outcomes of patient-reported aesthetic results, overall satisfaction, complications, and re-excision. A random-effects model was performed in the R software. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics. Continuous and dichotomous data were presented as standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR), respectively. Confidence interval (CI) was defined at 95%. Results: A total of 36 non-randomized studies were included, along with 9,453 patients, with 3,578 undergoing OBS. OBS yielded better patient-reported aesthetic outcomes compared with CBCS, notably in satisfaction with breast reconstruction (SMD 0.68; 95%CI 0.126–1.227; p=0.016; I²=89%) and psychosocial well-being (SMD 0.23; 95%CI 0.003–0.459; p=0.047; I²=49%). Physical and sexual well-being showed no significant difference. Overall satisfaction favored OBS (OR 3.08; 95%CI 1.58–6.01; p<0.001; I²=82%), despite higher postoperative complications (OR 1.27; 95%CI 1.003– 1.589; p=0.047; I²=9%). There was no significant difference in infections, seromas, and hematomas; however, OBS showed a higher risk of skin/nipple-areola complex necrosis (OR 2.56; 95%CI 1.28–5.11; p=0.008; I²=0%). Regarding the need for a second surgery, OBS had fewer re-excisions (OR 0.46; 95%CI 0.34–0.62; p<0.0001 ;I²=45%). Conclusion: OBS shows better aesthetic and satisfaction outcomes than CBCS, with reduced re-excisions. Nonetheless, postoperative complications require careful evaluation.