jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
<title>Transcoding characteristics of Web images</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Transcoding is a technique employed by network proxies to dynamically customize multimedia objects for prevailing network conditions and individual client characteristics. Transcoding can be performed along a number of different axes and the specific transcoding technique used depends on the type of multimedia object. Our goal in this paper is to understand the nature of typical Internet images and their transcoding characteristics. We focus our attention on transcodings intended to customize an image for file size savings. Our results allow the developers of a transcoding proxy server to choose the appropriate transcoding techniques for the important classes of Internet images. We analyze the characteristics of images available on the Web through a representative trace. We show that most GIF images accessed on the Internet are small; about 80% of the GIF images are smaller than 6 KBs. JPEG images are larger than GIF images; about 40% of the JPEG images are larger than 6 KBs. We also establish the characteristics of popular image transcoding operations. We show that for JPEG images, the JPEG compression metric and a transcoding that reduces the spatial geometry are productive transcoding operations (saves at least 50% of the file size for 50% of the images). Our systematic study of image characteristics leads to some surprising results. For example, a naive spatial geometry reduction of GIF images by a factor of 2 along each axis actually causes an increase in the file size compared to the original image for 40% of the images. Thus it is important to understand the characteristics of individual images before choosing the proper transcoding operation.
Properties of “derived” Hankel matrices

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Subject of the paper are matrices [a ij ] the entries of which satisfy a difference equation a i +2, j — 2a i +i, j+1 + a i , j+2 = 0 or an analogous equation of higher order. Such matrices will be called derived Hankel matrices. The main results are a generalization of Kronecker's Theorem, Vandermonde factorization of infinite finite-rank derived Hankel matrices, description of their range, rank and signature, and inversion of finite triangular derived Hankel matrices. A definition of "derived Bezoutians" is also included.
Research on Security and Decreasing Blood Lipid Effect of Nitraria Seed Oil from Qaidam Basin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To study the security and decreasing blood lipid effect of seed oil of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. from Qinghai Qaidam Basin, the seed oil extracted by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction (SFE-CO2) from Nitraria seeds was investigated for the acute toxicity and its security was evaluated. The blood lipid levels in the serum of each animal group with the hyperlipemia models of Wistart rat and Kunming strain mice induced by feed with high lipids were determined after oral administration for 4 weeks with the seed oil. It showed that the mice were secure by feeding the seed oil at the dose of 40ml/kg d after 14 days; but the seed oil of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. fed at the dose of 5g/kg and 10g/kg not only showed significant inhibition effect on TC, TG and LDL levels in serum of hyperlipemia model of Wistar rat, but also increased the ratio of HDL/TC and HDL/LDL. That illustrated that the high dose of seed oil of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. has the decreasing blood lipid effect.
Renal Ischaemia Due to Thrombosis of Renal Artery Resulting from Metastases from Primary Carcinoma of Bronchus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

NBRJSOUNAL 1053 returned to normal except for a small gangrenous patch which was buried by oversewing.The bowel was returned to the abdominal cavity without difficulty and the femoral sac excised.The femoral ring was so large that closure by insertion of two stitches between the medial end of the inguinal ligament and the pectineal fascia was necessary.The wound was then closed.The post-operative course was uneventful, and the child was discharged from hospital eight days later. COMMENTFemoral hernia in infancy and childhood is uncommon and has received only brief mention in British and American text- books of paediatric surgery.Mestel et al. (1959) reviewed the literature extensively and assessed the incidence of femoral to inguinal hernia at 4.5:1,000.Strangulation occurring as a complication is extremely rare.Gray and Skandalakis (1962) describe a strangulated femoral hernia containing small intestine in a 40-day-old girl and could find only eight other cases under the age of 10 recorded in the literature.Underhill (1954) also recorded a case of strangulated femoral hernia containing small intestine in a boy aged 5 weeks, and Temple (1952) reported another case, a boy of 31 years, in which the sac contained omentum.It is generally accepted that femoral hernia in adults is acquired and that no congenital sac is present (Lancet, 1962).McVay and Savage (1961) failed to find any evidence of a con- genital femoral hernial sac in a large series of necropsies in infants.However, it appears that very rarely a congenital sac may be present, as was almost certainly the case in Underhill's 5-week-old baby.Since femoral hernia is so rare in children there is a risk that if strangulation occurs the condition may be misdiagnosed and operation delayed.The most likely source of error is inguinal adenitis, which is common in children.Other conditions include strangulated inguinal hernia, acute hydrocele, and torsion of an ectopic testis or ovary.My thanks are due to Mr. W.
Moderated mediating effects of 4-H experience on adolescents’ agricultural career variables

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Purpose Agriculture-related jobs are becoming less attractive to adolescents in South Korea. In this situation, this study aimed to analyze the process of formation of career intention in the agricultural sector in relation to cognitive and emotional variables. In addition, the moderating effects of 4-H experience was analyzed.Design Moderated mediating effect analysis was conducted to the 4-H experience on the relationships between perceived values of agriculture, attachment and career intention. The data were gathered by stratified, cluster and proportional sampling of middle and high school students. A number of 769 questionnaires were used for the analysis after data cleaning.Finding Youths fully perceived the value of agriculture, but they did not have high levels of emotional bonds to agriculture and agricultural career intention. Perceived values of agriculture had a significant positive influence on the formation of agricultural career intention through the mediation of agricultural attachment. 4-H experience had significant moderated effects on the formation of agricultural career intention.Practical implication In terms of the operation of the 4-H program, in order to form agricultural career intention, it is necessary to operate differentiated program according to the youth’s perceptions and attachment level of agriculture.Theoretical implications This study is meaningful in that it identified agricultural career intention through the relationship between cognitive and emotional factor based on behavioral theories.Originality/values This study demonstrates the values of 4-H activities which facilitate the formation of agricultural career intention for youths in a situation where interest in 4-H is diminishing.
Relational Democracy of Confucianism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Chapter 6 attempts to create a theory of relations and balances (R&B) to clarify the systemic stability of democracy. It draws on Confucianism and compares Confucian self-restraint with liberal self-restraint. The empirical evidence suggests that, on the one hand, a Confucian constituency dislikes challenges being issued to the authorities for the sake of systemic stability yet, on the other, disapproves of unlimited authoritarian control on the pretext of maintaining a harmonious system. The evidence additionally suggests that, if the systemic identity is weak, the constituency of R&B shows greater support for inclusive, rather than enforcive, autocracy to restore governability. The R&B support for systemic inclusiveness may be mistaken for liberalism. Coupled with the idea of civic nationalism, the contemporary constitutionalism of checks and balances neglects systemic stability and fails to explain the spread of illiberal democracy due to the loss of systemic belonging. The R&B explanation of how a democracy can maintain or lose stability belongs to a systemic level.
The utility of screening for parasitic infections in HIV-1-infected Africans with eosinophilia in London

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The presence of asymptomatic eosinophilia in HIV patients has been demonstrated to have a wide variety of causes. Untreated parasitic infections in immunocompromised individuals can have potentially serious consequences. The utility of screening for parasitic infections in immigrant HIV-positive Africans with eosinophilia was investigated in a UK-based HIV clinic. HIV-positive African patients with eosinophilia were matched with HIV-positive African controls without eosinophilia. More than half of African HIV patients with eosinophilia had positive parasitic serology, and were significantly more likely to have positive serology compared with African HIV patients without eosinophilia. This study shows that asymptomatic eosinophilia in HIV-1-infected Africans is strongly suggestive of underlying parasitic infection. Individuals with eosinophilia should thus be screened for parasitic infections according to the infections prevalent in the countries they have lived in or visited for substantial periods of time.
Development of x-ray imaging technique for liquid screening at airport

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

X-ray imaging technology is a viable option to recognize flammable liquids for the purposes of aviation security. In this study, an X-ray imaging technology was developed whereby, the image viewing system was built with the use of a digital camera coupled with a gadolinium oxysulfide (GOS) fluorescent screen. The camera was equipped with a software for remote control setting of the camera via a USB cable which allows the images to be captured. The image was analysed to determine the average grey level using a software designed by Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. The data was obtained for various densities of liquid thickness of 4.5 cm, 6.0 cm and 7.5 cm respectively for X-ray energies ranging from 70 to 200 kVp. In order to verify the reliability of the constructed calibration data, the system was tested with a few types of unknown liquids. The developed system could be conveniently employed for security screening in order to discriminate between a threat and an innocuous liquid.
Combined Network Intrusion and Phasor Data Anomaly Detection for Secure Dynamic Control Centers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The dynamic operation of power transmission systems requires the acquisition of reliable and accurate measurement and state information. The use of TCP/IP-based communication protocols such as IEEE C37.118 or IEC 61850 introduces different gateways to launch cyber-attacks and to compromise major system operation functionalities. Within this study, a combined network intrusion and phasor data anomaly detection system is proposed to enable a secure system operation in the presence of cyber-attacks for dynamic control centers. This includes the utilization of expert-rules, one-class classifiers, as well as recurrent neural networks to monitor different network packet and measurement information. The effectiveness of the proposed network intrusion and phasor data anomaly detection system is shown within a real-time simulation testbed considering multiple operation and cyber-attack conditions.
Assessing Women’s Knowledge and Awareness of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to comprehensively assess the knowledge, awareness, and misconceptions regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among women in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 600 women aged 18–55 from various regions across the country. The findings revealed moderate overall STI knowledge, with gaps in understanding transmission routes (31.7%), recognizing symptoms (40.8%), and awareness of prevention methods (35.2%). Prevalent misconceptions included the belief that STIs can spread through casual contact (38%), only individuals with multiple partners are at risk (30%), and STIs are always symptomatic (32%). Demographic factors such as age, education level, and marital status significantly influenced STI knowledge, while residential area did not. Higher education, particularly bachelor’s degrees and above, was strongly associated with better awareness. Digital platforms like the internet and social media emerged as significant sources of STI information. Undergoing STI testing, discussing STIs with partners, using protection, and receiving the HPV vaccine were linked to higher knowledge levels. This study highlights the need for targeted educational interventions, integration of sexual health education into curricula, training healthcare providers, community engagement, and leveraging digital platforms to enhance STI awareness and prevention efforts among Saudi women.
Chiroptera Blumenbach 1779

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Key to families of Chiroptera in Korea 1 Nose-leaf present; tragus absent; antitragus well developed; premaxillae separated from surrounding bones except slender palatal branches.............................................................................. Rhinolophidae - Nose-leaf absent; tragus present but reduced in size; premaxilla fused with neighboring bones......................... 2 2 Reduced tragus present; tail extending for between 1/3 to 1/2 of its length beyond margin of uropatagium; ears directed horizontally forward; fifth finger shorter than forearm.................................................... Molossidae - Tragus present; tail enclosed within uropatagium or terminal one or two vertebrae project beyond margin of uropatagium; ears upright; fifth finger longer than forearm.................................................................... 3 3 Second phalanx third finger <3 times of first phalanx; 3 functional phalanges in third finger.............. Vespertilionidae - Second phalanx third finger ±3 times length first phalanx; 2 functional phalanges in third finger............. Miniopteridae
Efficacy and safety of therapeutic alliance of simvastatin and Xuezhikang for acute coronary syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the influences of therapeutic alliance of simvastatin and Xuezhikang(XZK) on serum lipids and vascular endothelial function and inflammatory factor in the patients of acute coronary syndrome(ACS),and to evaluate the safety of this therapy.Methods 72 patients of ACS were randomly divided into simvastatin group(20 mg.d-1 simvastatin,n = 22),XZK group(1.2 g.d-1 XZK,n = 24) and therapeutic alliance group(20 mg.d-1 simvastatin + 1.2 g.d-1 XZK,n = 26).The course of treatment were all 2 months.The changes of total cholesterol(TC)、Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),triglycerides(TG) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) before treatment and 1 month and 2 months after treatment were observed,and so were the changes of endothelin(ET)、nitricoxide(NO)and C-reactive protein(CRP) and drug adverse reaction at the same time.Results The level of TC,TG,LDL-C and ET at the time of 1 month and 2 months after treatment were lower than those before treatment(P 0.05),and the level of serum NO were higher(P 0.05).The level of HDL-C at the time of 1 month and 2 months after treatment in XZK group and therapeutic alliance group were higher than those before treatment(P 0.05),and the level of HDL-C at the time of 2 months in simvastatin group was higher than that before treatment(P 0.05).The level of TC,TG,LDL-C,CRP and ET at the time of 1 month and 2 months after treatment in therapeutic alliance group were lower than those in simvastatin group and XZK group(P 0.05),and the level of HDL-C and NO were significantly higher(P0.05).There were no statistical significance in the level of TC,LDL-C,NO,CRP and ET at the time of 1 month and 2 months after treatment between XZK group and simvastatin group(P 0.05),but the level of TG were significantly lower(P0.05),the level of HDL-C were significantly higher(P0.05).Conclusion The therapeutic alliance of simvastatin and XZK can improve the abnormality of blood fat in patients with ACS comprehensively,and the effects of improving the endothelial function and reducing the inflammation factors were more effective than that of single-agent therapy.This treatment is of great safety and tolerability.
Laparoscopic myomectomy and laparoscopic uterine artery occlusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Laparoscopic myomectomy continues to have an important place in the gynecologic surgery. This is especially true for women of reproductive age. With advances in laparoscopic suturing technique and instrumentation, most myomectomies can be performed via the laparoscope. The results are comparable to those of myomectomy by laparotomy. Moreover, the procedure is associated with faster recovery, and less adhesion formation.
Left Lateral View of Liver Scintigraphy in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

組織学的検査を含む内視鏡的検査で診断の確定した肝硬変62例を三井記念病院でシンチグラフィを行い, 左側面像について検討を加えた。左側面像をI型, II型, III型に分類した。各1例, 23例および38例であった。脾の大きさは, II型は肝影より大, III型はその逆である。肝機能上, II型は比較的障害が強かった。すなわち肝シンチグラフィ左側面像により肝硬変の重症度をある程度判定しうるものと考えられる。
“Ramble On”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although first published in 1954, the cultural impact of Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings arguably began in earnest only during the late 1960s and early 1970s. As Terrence Malley explained in 1972, Tolkien’s writings seemed “particularly relevant in our own age of anti-heroes, in this time when we can readily identify with the small and the apparently powerless.” This chapter considers the role of The Lord of the Rings in the music of Led Zeppelin between 1969 and 1971, focusing on three songs that directly reference Tolkien’s works: “The Battle of Evermore,” “Misty Mountain Hop,” and “Ramble On.” By considering previous incarnations of medievalism and romanticism in British history as well as Tolkien’s own participation in antiquarianism and constructions of Britishness, this chapter suggests that Led Zeppelin’s allusions to Tolkien’s literature rely on cultural memory to actively participate in a dialogue of urban criticism and a romanticized vision of rural Britain.
Parent Perceptions of Preadolescent Giftedness and Self Concept

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Parent perceptions of preadolescent giftedness with regard to the social-emotional development and self-concept of their children were investigated for this study. This study utilized a qualitative approach through information provided by the parents of 21 preadolescent children, with IQ‘s of 110 and above, who participate in a suburban school districts gifted and talented / enrichment program. Interviews were conducted with each parent and included 7 open-ended questions that were intended to elicit personal views regarding their child‘s social-emotional development and self-concept. Information from these interviews, incorporated with the background and demographic questionnaire were examined for potential themes and patterns with the intent to interpret these data and draw conclusions about their meaning, relevant to giftedness. Common themes expressed by the respondents were humor, noticeable sensitivity, a positive evolution of social-emotional development, positive discipline practices, extra-curricular experiences, and progressive social relationships.
ACCIDENTS IN FARMING IN SANTA FE PROVINCE, ARGENTINA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Antecedentes la frecuencia de accidentes ocupacionales en áreas rurales es alta. Objetivos: Objetivos caracterizar accidentes y lesiones en la actividad ganadera en una población definida (Sarmiento) en la provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina), percepción de riesgos y adopción de elementos de protección. Métodos: Métodos: el Métodos: diseño fue transversal con muestreo al azar (n=125) y cuestionario estructurado. El análisis incluyó χ2, correlación de Spearman y regresión logística. Resultados: Resultados el 37% de los encuestados no se había sometido a una revisión médica en los últimos dos años y el 50% tuvo ausencias laborales (57,9±106,1 días). Ocho habían sufrido un accidente en los 12 meses previos y el 54% en algún momento de su vida laboral, estando asociados al sexo (P= 0,04), relación y antigüedad laboral (P= 0,02). Los más frecuentes fueron aprisionamientos o atropellamientos con resultados de contusiones y heridas y localización en piernas, manos y columna. Las percepciones de alto riesgo fueron mayores en tránsito in itinere en rutas (92%) y manipulación de agroquímicos (85%) pero no estuvieron correlacionadas con el uso de elementos de protección. Las correlaciones entre percepciones fueron mayores entre el uso de maquinaria y herramientas (r= 0,83 P< 0,0001) y manipulación de abortos y cadáveres (r= 0,71 P<0,0001). El uso de guantes fue mayor en manipulación de abortos (61%) estando correlacionado con su uso en partos y manipulación de cadáveres (r= 0,92 y 0,94 P< 0,0001). El uso de ropa específica, fajas anatómicas, protectores oculares o auditivos fue muy bajo (de 0 a 8%). El cinturón de seguridad y luz baja durante el día fueron más usados en ruta. Conclusiones: Conclusiones: se Conclusiones: sugiere la realización de actividades informativas y formativas para sensibilizar a los trabajadores sobre los riesgos observados y los accidentes más frecuentes.