jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Integration in Buyer-Supplier Collaboration in Product Development

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The importance of internal integration for effective inter-firm collaboration with suppliers has been acknowledged, however it is unclear how internal integration is achieved in complex product development projects. This paper investigates how internal integration takes place and explores related project management challenges. Three internal integration approaches are found: integration based on multidirectional, frequent interaction; based on delimited, problem-solving teams; and based on unidirectional, information-oriented interaction. The paper shows that internal integration approaches are related to the degree of uncertainty in the subsystems of the suppliers rather than the overall product system. Consequently, in complex product development projects with several different suppliers involved, the specific supplier task rather than the overall project task determines internal integration in the project. This creates important challenges for organisation, and requires flexibility in internal integration approaches.
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers with insufficient use of personal protective equipment in Denmark

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim The aim was to evaluate the role of insufficient use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk for healthcare workers (HCW) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Prospective study within the COBRA cohort, including 15,127 HCW. Daily assessment of insufficient use of PPE, defined as self-reported PPE failure or noncompliance, in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection ascertained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Statistical analysis involved calculating incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The included HCW contributed to 780,515 risk days including 67,723 d (8.7%) with insufficient PPE use and 133 events (positive PCR test). Self-reported insufficient use of PPE was slightly associated with infection with COVID-19 in HCW, but the data were statistically consistent with parameter values ranging from a protective effect to a to a doubling in risk (IRR 1.3, 95% CI 0.8; 2.3). Sensitivity analyses restricted to high-risk departments and to a period with a sufficient supply of PPE and a fully developed testing system, respectively, confirmed these findings. Conclusion Insufficient use of PPE among HCW during the pandemic in Denmark was uncommon but associated with a slightly increased risk of COVID-19 among HCW. However, the findings are uncertain due to the limited number of cases and the potential for misclassification bias stemming from the self-reported nature of the exposure.
Abstract: Applications of regolith mapping and sampling in the California Lake area, northern New Brunswick

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Regolith mapping (1 :SO 000 scale), involving sampling of C-horizon basal till, 100 pebbles from till, as well as Bhorizon soil at 266 sites on a 2 km grid, was completed this year in the California Lake map area (N.T.S. 21 0/8). An additional 37 sites were sampled on a 500 m grid in the vicinity of the Half mile Lake mineral deposit. Striae, grooves, roche moutonnee, granite boulder erratics, and till fabrics indicate eastward ice movement followed by northeastwardand southeastward-flowing ice. Ice-flow chronology and geochemistry are used to assess the glacial dispersal of geochemical anomalies. Pebble analysis supplies information on the composition of the various till uni ts in the area and gives an indication of the underlying bedrock type in areas of sparse outcrop. A locally derived, thin layer of Late Wisconsinan basal till (<2 m) covers most of the area and is divided into three units based on texture, composition, topography, underlying bedrock, and the presence or absence of overlying colluvium. Till is sandy over granite bedrock where a layer of preglacial weathered bedrock (grus) commonly occurs. Deeply weathered bedrock also occurs over other rock types but is generally restricted to the highest elevations in the western part of the area. Till thickens to the east where the topography is lowest and gently rolling. Until recently, mineral explorationists were the primary users of surficial geology. Increasing demands from various user groups in New Brunswick has further outlined the importance of regolith mapping. The grus, ablation till, glaciofluvial and postglacial alluvial deposits are potential sources of aggregate. Till mapping has applications to acid mine drainage; geotechnical analysis of 60 till samples by Noranda Technology and till mapping, have outlined potential sources of clay-rich till near the Heath Steele Mine to cover tailings ponds and waste piles. Systematic mapping of surficial geology to delineate suitable till (high clay/low pebble content), provides essential geoscience information that future mining operations can use in Environmental Impact Assessments and mine reclamation plans. Forest site classification information, soil-profile descriptions, and pebble analysis obtained in this study are used to plan reforestation projects. Bedrock and regolith comprise the parent material of forest soils. Suitable tree species can be selected to match different regolith (till, soil, etc.) units. Regolith mapping also has applications in land-use planning, regional landfill siting, water resource management, environmental projects, and in the location of construction materials.
The influence of the precipitation recycling process on the shift to heavy precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau in the summer

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

On the Tibetan Plateau (TP), precipitation intensity has shifted to heavy precipitation due to global warming. However, the influence of the precipitation recycling process on this phenomenon remains unknown. Using the Water Accounting Model-2layers (WAM2layers) model and ERA5 reanalysis, this study investigates the contributions of the precipitation recycling process to precipitation shifts over the TP during 1979–2019. The precipitation shift rate was proposed to quantify this process, and the results reveal that the positive precipitation shift (1.384 mm/41 years) over the TP consists of a positive shift over the western TP (5.666 mm/41 years) and a negative shift (−3.485 mm/41 years) over the eastern TP. Considering the source of moisture, either a local source or a remote source, precipitation was decomposed into internal and external cycles of the precipitation recycling process based on the WAM2layers model. Further analysis indicates that the internal cycle (87.2%) contributes more to the shift than the external cycle (12.8%) over the TP. The contributions of the precipitation recycling ratio (PRR) and precipitation amount to the precipitation shift rate induced by the internal cycle were further investigated. The results indicate that PRR changes contribute more to heavy precipitation over the TP, while precipitation amount changes contribute more to light precipitation. The precipitation recycling process contributes to the shift by increasing atmospheric moisture and increasing (decreasing) the dependency on local evaporation in heavy (light) precipitation. Increased dependence of heavy precipitation on evaporation increases the risk of extreme precipitation, and the government should take preventative actions to mitigate these adverse effects.
The Investigation of the Role of Executive Functions (Working Memory and Inhibition) in Predicting the Event-based and Time-based Prospective Memory of the Adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Prospective memory is an important precursor for independent living adolescents and can dependent on other executive functions. Purpose: To this end, this study aims to investigate the role of executive functions (working memory and inhibition) in predicting the event- based and time-based prospective memory of the adolescents. Methods: This study was conducted in the form of a correlation pattern. The study population consists of high school students in Azarshahr city in the academic year 1393-94. In this study, 150 students (male=67 and female=83) with a mean age of 16.5 year were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Prospective memory testing, working memory and continuous performance testing was used in order to collect data. Then, data were analyzed by Pearson correlations and multi-variable regression. Results: The results showed that the executive functions (working memory and inhibition) with a correlation coefficient of about 0/52 could define 0/27 percentage changes of event- based prospective memory and with a correlation coefficient 0/37 could only define 0/13 percentage changes related to time-based prospective memory. Meanwhile, only working memory and standard deviation of reaction time of visual continuous performance testing could predict event- based prospective memory positively. Furthermore, only working memory could predict time-based prospective memory. Conclusion: As a result, we can say that working memory operates as an underlying mechanism in the improvement of prospective memory.
Impact of Cricket and Caterpillar Meal Supplementation on the Nutritional Profile and Consumer Acceptability of Cookies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The quality of cookies produced from wheat flour, cricket, and caterpillar meal blends was evaluated. This was done to examine the effect of adding edible cricket and caterpillar meals on the nutritional and sensory quality of wheat-based cookies. Edible crickets and caterpillars were purchased from local farmers in Benue state, de-gutted, washed, oven-dried, sorted, milled, and sieved to produce their respective meals. The meals were mixed in wheat flour: edible insects ratios of 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 for Cricket and Caterpillar meal blends, respectively. However, samples 100:0 were not mixed and contained 100% wheat flour. The samples were subjected to functional analysis of proximate composition, mineral, vitamin, amino acid profile, physical properties analysis, and sensory attributes evaluation. The result generated from the study was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) was used for mean separation at the probability level of significance of 5%. While the protein, fat, ash, crude fibre, and moisture content of the cookies increased with increasing amount of edible insect meal incorporated into the formulation, the carbohydrate content of the cookies decreased significantly (p<0.05). All minerals evaluated in the study (Ca, Zn, K, P, Na, Mg, and Fe) increased with the increase in the amount of edible insect meals in the formulations. An increase in vitamin content was also observed in the cookies, but this increase was insignificant (p>0.05). There was a significant increase in all essential and non-essential amino acid content of the cookies as the level of cricket/caterpillar meal in the formulation increased. The addition of up to 20% of edible cricket/caterpillar meals to wheat flour increased all sensory attributes of the cookies. Cookies fortified with caterpillar meal were found to be more nutritious than those fortified with cricket meal. In general, samples 85:15(85% wheat flour + 15% cricket meal) and 85:15(85% wheat flour + 15% caterpillar meal) contained high nutritional content and recorded the best sensory attributes and therefore were selected as the best blends for a wheat flour+cricket meal and wheat flour+caterpillar meal blends for cookies production.
UTERINE RUPTURE IN RURAL NIGERIA. REVIEW OF 144 CASES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An analysis of 144 cases of rupture of the pregnant uterus in a rural Nigerian hospital is presented and the findings compared with reports from other sources. These cases occurred during a 6 year period with an incidence of 1112 deliveries. There was an overall maternal mortality of 7.6% and a surgical mortality of 5.0%. The majority of cases were managed by uterine repair rather than hysterectomy. Although in the US the cause of ruptured uterus seems to be shifting because of more aggressive management of labor in developing countries it is still largely a result of lack of medical care during labor. The authors found the incidence etiology and type of rupture in our study to be similar to those in other reports from developing countries. However in the majority of these cases rupture occurred outside the hospital. Maternal mortality figures were very low but may be partially explained by the fact that transportation is not always available and some patients probably die before reaching the hospital. This review has confirmed the belief that repair of the uterus and not hysterectomy is the procedure of choice where medical facilities are limited. (authors modified)
A study on the behaviour of impinging jets on curved surfaces

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Extensive studies have been done before to understand the behavior of jet flows. Such flows include free jets from various geometries of nozzles. Besides free jets, the impingement of jets upon various surfaces and geometries have also been studied to obtain insights on the development of various coherent structures. These surfaces include flat plats and curved surfaces, but the amount of literature and work on the latter still leaves much to be understood. In this project, the study focuses on jet impingement from a flow using laser induced fluorescence for the purpose of flow visualization, and subsequent particle image velocimetry to conduct a quantitative analysis on the flow behavior.
The dynamics of multicultural values of Banuroja community in building social integration a socio-cultural ethnographic study in Gorontalo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research is prompted by the researchers' concern with the problems of this nation that seem to have no end, as can be seen in the various social conflicts related to ethnicity, religion, and race, due to intolerance to the diversity of society. Therefore, it is important to build social integration in this multicultural society through the preservation of cultural values, as has been practiced by the community of Banuroja. This research aims to describe the dynamics of the multicultural values of Banuroja people in building social integration in their community. The research approach is qualitative by using ethnographic study method. The results illustrate that the dynamics of the multicultural values of Banuroja community can build social integration in society in terms of: 1) Emphasizing the identity of cultural diversity; 2) Accepting and understanding the cultural diversity; and 3) Applying the principles in a multicultural social life, e.g., sensitivity and equality.
The anaesthetist and the obstetric flying squad

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary The demands made upon the Bristol obstetric flying squad over the past 14 years have been analysed. During this period, the number of calls received per year has decreased dramatically. The reasons for this are discussed in the context of current obstetric practice. The management of retained placenta is reviewed. Of importance to anaesthetists is the gross reduction in the number of cases where it is necessary to give anaesthesia ‘in the field’. This may lead to complacency and lack of familiarity with the equipment carried by the flying squad.
Understanding the burden of musculoskeletal conditions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The burden is huge and not reflected in national health priorities

Musculoskeletal conditions have an enormous and growing impact world wide. “Health 21,” the health for all policy framework for the World Health Organization's European region,1 identifies musculoskeletal conditions as a target, yet national health care priorities in the United Kingdom and most European countries do not include them. To address this imbalance the United Nation, the WHO, governments, and professional and patients' organisations have declared 2000-10 the “bone and joint decade” with the aim of improving the health related quality of life of people with musculoskeletal conditions.

Although one of the aims of the decade is to increase the recognition and understanding of the burden posed by musculoskeletal conditions, there are already enough data to show the size of the problem. Musculoskeletal impairments ranked number one in chronic impairments in the United States,2 and chronic musculoskeletal pain is reported in surveys by 1 in 4 people in both less and more developed countries.3 Musculoskeletal conditions were the most expensive disease category in a Swedish cost of …
Ischemic preconditioning enhances the regenerative capacity of hepatocytes in ischemically damaged rat liver

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ラット肝臓にIschemic preconditioning（IPC）を行い，肝阻血再還流障害に対する影響について検討した．【方法】Wistar rat に脾臓固着モデルを作成し，portal systemic shunt 完成後，4 週目に，IPC は10 分肝阻血，10 分reperfusion を行い，90 分間， 肝阻血を行った（IPC 群n＝10），肝阻血グループは90 分間の阻血を行った（I/R 群n＝10）．各々reperfusion 後，3時間目に，ヒアルロン酸（HA），過酸化脂質（MDA），AST，TNFα を測定し，肝組織を採取した．【結果】HA，MDA，AST，TNFα のいずれにおいても，IPC 群はI/R 群に比し有意に低値を呈した．肝組織：中心静脈周辺の鬱血および肝細胞の空胞壊死はI/R 群に比し，IPC群で軽度であった．またPCNA Labeling index はIPC 群がI/R 群に比し有意に高値を示した。【結語】IPC は，阻血再還流障害の早期より肝細胞増殖の促進がみられ，このことが，阻血再還流障害後の肝臓のAST，HA，TNFα，MDA の上昇を抑制し，病理学的にも肝臓空胞壊死の広がりを軽減したと考えられた．
Novel Cytotoxic Copper(II) Complexes of 8‐Aminoquinoline Derivatives: Crystal Structure and Different Reactivity towards Glutathione

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Two novel Cu II complexes [Cu(CMQA)(H 2 O)] ( 1 ) (CMQA = N ‐carboxymethyl‐ L ‐methionine‐ N ′‐8‐quinolylamide) and [Cu(MQA)(OAc)] ( 2 ) (MQA = L ‐methionine‐ N ′‐8‐quinolylamide, OAc = CH 3 COO − ) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Complex 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with space group P 2 1 2 1 2 1 [ a = 5.556(1) Å, b = 15.002(3) Å, c = 20.886(4) Å] while complex 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group C 2 [ a = 28.463(6) Å, b = 5.264(1) Å, c = 13.345(3) Å, β = 109.142(3)°]. In both complexes the Cu II center is coordinated by three N atoms of the ligand and one O atom of H 2 O ( 1 ) or OAc ( 2 ). The in vitro cytotoxicity of both complexes and their corresponding ligands have been tested against the murine leukemia P‐388 and lung adenocarcinoma A‐549 cell lines. Complex 2 shows a potent activity against both cell lines with an inhibitory rate of 100% for the murine leukemia P‐388 cell line and 93.4% for the lung adenocarcinoma A‐549 cell line at a concentration of 10 −6 mol·L −1 , while complex 1 shows only a marginal activity against the same cell lines. The reactivity of the two complexes towards γ‐glutathione (GSH) has been investigated and is discussed in association with their different cytotoxicity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
The ovaries of transgender men indicate effects of high dose testosterone on the primordial and early growing follicle pool

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Androgens are essential in normal ovarian function and follicle health, but hyperandrogenism, as seen in polycystic ovary syndrome, is associated with disordered follicle development. There are few data on the effect of long-term exposure to high levels of testosterone as found in transgender men receiving gender-affirming endocrine therapy. In this study, we investigate the effect of testosterone on the development, morphological health and DNA damage and repair capacity of human ovarian follicles in vivo and their survival in vitro. Whole ovaries were obtained from transgender men (mean age: 27.6 ± 1.7 years; range: 20–34 years, n = 8) at oophorectomy taking pre-operative testosterone therapy. This was compared to cortical biopsies from age-matched healthy women obtained at caesarean section (mean age: 31.8 ± 1.5 years; range: 25–35 years, n = 8). Cortical tissues were dissected into fragments and either immediately fixed for histological analysis or cultured for 6 days and subsequently fixed. Follicle classification and morphological health were evaluated from histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and expression of γH2AX as a marker of DNA damage by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In uncultured tissue, testosterone exposure was associated with reduced follicle growth activation, poor follicle health and increased DNA damage. After 6 days of culture, there was enhanced follicle activation compared to the control with further deterioration in morphological health and increased DNA damage. These data indicate that high circulating concentrations of testosterone have effects on the primordial and small-growing follicles of the ovary. These results may have implications for transgender men receiving gender-affirming therapy prior to considering pregnancy or fertility preservation measures. Lay summary As part of gender transitioning, transgender men take testosterone therapy. While androgens like testosterone are essential to maintain ovarian health, the effects of long-term testosterone treatment on the ovary are unclear. This study examines whether testosterone impacts ovarian follicle growth activation, follicle health and whether it causes DNA damage. It also looks at how well these follicles grow in tissue culture. The results showed there was a higher proportion of non-growing ovarian follicles in the ovaries of trans men, they appeared less healthy and there were higher levels of DNA damage. After 6 days of tissue culture, there were more growing follicles in transgender ovaries compared to control, but follicle health further deteriorated and there are increased levels of DNA damage. These results identify new effects of testosterone on the ovary and highlight the importance of discussing fertility preservation options prior to starting testosterone.
Feasibility study of microwave electron heating on the C-2 field-reversed configuration device

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Different microwave heating scenarios for the C-2 plasmas have been investigated recently with use of both the Genray ray-racing code and the IPF-FDMC full-wave code, and the study was focused on the excitation of the electron Bernstein wave (EBW) with O-mode launch. For a given antenna position on C-2 and the fixed 2D plasma density and equilibrium field profiles, simulations have been done for six selected frequencies (2.45 GHz, 5 GHz, 8 GHz, 18 GHz, 28 GHz, and 50 GHz). Launch angles have been optimized for each case in order to achieve high coupling efficiencies to the EBW by the O-X-B mode conversion process and high power deposition. Results show that among those six frequencies, the case of 8 GHz is the most promising scenario, which has both high mode conversion efficiency (90%) and the relatively deeper power deposition.
Research on the Mechanism of Internet Public Opinion Risk Evolution and Management for Chinese State-Owned Enterprise

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims at clarifying factors that played a role in the formation of public opinion risk towards state-owned enterprise in China. The paper especially focuses on the mechanism of the public opinion risk evolution in Chinese state-owned enterprise. It thereby intends to draw principles from the analysis of the factors, causality relations and control methods. The System Dynamic Theory is applied to analyze the system of public opinion risk development for Chinese state-owned enterprise. Firstly, the paper briefly describes the background and studies the status of public opinion risks. Then it defines the boundary of the research and kicks off from the system causality analysis of the public opinion risk evolution of state-owned enterprise in China. The System Dynamic Model is constructed to simulate the interaction mechanism and the evolution rules of Chinese state-owned enterprise public opinion risk. Finally, the strategy of internet public opinion risk management is proposed according to the results of the model simulation and relevant risk management guidelines.