jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITION BY RED WINE PHENOLICS COMPOUNDS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Despite the abundant information about the antioxidant properties of individual components of wine, the studies about the efficiency of wine as inhibitor of enzymatic systems involved in oxidative processes are scarce. In this work we describe the effect of wine on the activity of soybean lipoxygenase and human recombinant 5-lipoxygenase. This prooxidant enzyme is involved in inflammatory processes and stress oxidative. In the presence of increased concentration of wine phenolics, a reduction of the lipoxygenase activity in a dose-dependent mode is observed for soybean and human recombinant enzymes. Our results clearly show the high efficiency of wine as inhibitor of lipoxygenases. This anti-lipoxygenase activity of wines is related with their Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, being the total content of phenolic compounds the main factor responsible for the antioxidant efficiency of wines. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In this study we show the high efficiency of phenolic compounds present in wines as lipoxygenase inhibitors. In addition to the potential relevance of this effect at a pharmacological level, it is known that lipoxygenase activity is the origin of the off flavor generation in a number of foods from animal and vegetal sources. On the basis of the anti-lipoxygenase activity shown by phenolics present in wines, the use of these compounds as food preservatives may contribute to enhance the oxidative stability of foods and, as consequence, the phenolic extracts obtained from wines or from by products of the winemaking may be of great interest for the agrofood industry.
The Rubella Virus Capsid Protein Inhibits Mitochondrial Import

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The rubella virus (RV) capsid is an RNA-binding protein that functions in nucleocapsid assembly at the Golgi complex, the site of virus budding. In addition to its role in virus assembly, pools of capsid associate with mitochondria, a localization that is not consistent with virus assembly. Here we examined the interaction of capsid with mitochondria and showed that this viral protein inhibits the import and processing of mitochon-drial precursor proteins in vitro. Moreover, RV-infected cells were found to contain lower intramitochondrial levels of matrix protein p32. In addition to inhibiting the translocation of substrates into mammalian mito-chondria, capsid efficiently blocked import into yeast mitochondria, thereby suggesting that it acts by targeting a highly conserved component of the translocation apparatus. Finally, mutation of a cluster of five arginine residues in the amino terminus of capsid, though not interfering with its binding to mitochondria, abrogated its ability to block protein import into mitochondria. This is the first report of a viral protein that affects the import of proteins into mitochondria. Rubella virus (RV) is a human pathogen that causes severe birth defects (reviewed in reference 17). Teratogenicity un-doubtedly results from deleterious interactions between virus proteins and host cell proteins, but little is known about this
Gen Z Perceptions and Expectations upon Entering the Workforce

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article focuses on examining Gen Z-ers’ opinions and expectations regarding their present or future jobs, as well as their views on their future careers. The exploratory study performed on members of this cohort revealed, among others, that Gen Z-ers appreciate a secure job, financial stability, and prefer working for big companies. They choose jobs which reflect their passions and look for informal and relaxed environments, where they can have their own well defined office space. This cohort wishes to be mentored at work and is brutally aware that success must come with career-long learning. Despite being said to be digital natives, they feel the need to bond with colleagues and to freely speak their mind.
Prolonged Exposure in the Treatment of PTSD Following an Apartment Fire

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Foa, Hembree, and Rothbaum’s Prolonged Exposure treatment manual has been found to be an effective treatment modality for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that is comparable with other evidence-based PTSD treatments. Although the manual details weekly 90-min sessions, this time frame is not always feasible for those clinicians who may be confined to a 50-min appointment. In addition, Foa et al.’s inclusion of audio and video for taped exposures is not always possible given some centers’ technological limitations and client finances. The current case summary details an adapted version of the manual that takes into account such limitations to treat a 26-year-old Jamaican-Canadian female who presented for treatment of PTSD following a fire destroying her home and possessions. Eighteen weekly 50- to 60-min sessions included components of psychoeducation, breathing retraining, in vivo exposures, imaginal exposures, and a trauma narrative (in replacement of audio/video exposures). From pre- to postassessment, significant gains were noted, including a reduction in intrusive thoughts and hyperarousal, and elimination of reexperiencing and sleep disturbances. At the conclusion of treatment, the client also demonstrated an ability to confront the trauma, memories, situations, activities, and places that she had avoided. Self-report measures further validated gains. Due to complicating factors, a follow-up evaluation was not able to be completed. Treatment complications, diversity factors, and implications for future work are discussed.
Historical Study of Arab Village Tourism in Gresik: Transformation of Religious Tourism in the Post-Covid-19 Era

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The old city of Gresik is recognized for its Arab Kampong in Gapurosukolilo Village, home to the graves of the first harbor master and the first regent of Gresik. These sites have now become significant cultural heritage and pilgrimage tourism attractions. This study aims to investigate the conditions and impact of tourism in the Arab Kampong Gresik during the Covid-19 pandemic and to provide insights for the post-COVID-19 era. Employing a qualitative historical perspective, the research analyzes data from documents and interviews regarding past events. The findings reveal that during the pandemic, the number of tourists visiting the Arab Kampong of Gresik decreased, resulting in a substantial decline in the local community's income. The interpretation focuses on the processes of rethink, rebuild, and restart, which have led to the creation of strategic programs designed to assist the community in effectively navigating the challenges of the Post Covid-19 era.
Removal Characteristics of Sapphire Lapping using Composite Plates with Consciously Patterned Resinoid-Bonded Semifixed Diamond Grits

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sapphire lapping is of key importance for the successful planarization of wafers that are widely present in electronic devices. However, the high hardness of sapphire makes it extremely challenging to improve its material removal rate during the lapping process without compromising surface quality and dimensional accuracy. In this work, a novel composite lapping plate consisting of a rigid resin frame and flexible sol–gel balls was fabricated with consciously designed patterns. Through lapping experiment, it was revealed that the diamond grits imbedded in the sol–gel balls can effectively lap the sapphire at a promising material removal rate (MRR), without the formation of undesirable scratches and loss of surface integrity. Moreover, by designing the arrangement patterns of sol–gel balls, the total thickness variation (TTV) can also be ensured for lapped sapphire substrates. The implications of experimental results were also discussed based on the trajectory analysis and contact mechanics of lapping grits in order to demonstrate the potential of the newly developed composite abrasive tools for sapphire-lapping applications.
Pathology and Rehabilitation of Vinyl and Linoleum Floorings in Health Infrastructures: Statistical Survey

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A statistical survey on the pathology and rehabilitation of linoleum and vinyl floorings is presented. It is based on the visual inspection of 101 vinyl and linoleum floorings, in six health infrastructures in Lisbon, Portugal, which enabled the validation of the classification/nomenclature previously proposed, as well as the corresponding correlation matrices. It was also possible to identify the most common types of anomalies, their probable causes, the most adequate in situ diagnosis methods, and the most useful repair techniques. Anomalies, diagnosis methods, and repair techniques files were also validated. The obtained data enabled anomalies to be related to their causes, in situ diagnosis methods, and respective repair techniques e.g., a high number of scratches/wear were detected associated with dragging of equipment. The conclusions drawn intend to raise awareness among the industry actors and minimize the development of anomalies and their causes at the design and application stages. Furthermore, the main sensitive issues of the cladding system during its service life were revealed, highlighting the importance of a correct maintenance plan to minimize the surface’s susceptibility to various degradation mechanisms.
SpaceBeat: Identity-aware Multi-person Vital Signs Monitoring Using Commodity WiFi

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Vital signs monitoring has gained increasing attention due to its ability to indicate various human health and well-being conditions. The development of WiFi sensing technologies has made it possible to monitor vital signs using ubiquitous WiFi signals and devices. However, most existing approaches are dedicated to single-person scenarios. A few WiFi sensing approaches can achieve multi-person vital signs monitoring, whereas they are not identity-aware and sensitive to interferences in the environment. In this paper, we propose SpaceBeat, an identity-aware and interference-robust multi-person vital sign monitoring system using commodity WiFi. In particular, our system separates multiple people and locates each person in the spatial domain by leveraging multiple antennas. We analyze the change of signals at the location of each person to achieve identity-aware vital signs monitoring. We also design a contrastive principal component analysis-contrastive learning framework to mitigate interferences caused by other moving people. We evaluate SpaceBeat in various challenging environments, including interference scenarios, non-line-of-sight scenarios, different distances, etc. Our system achieves an average accuracy of 99.1% for breathing monitoring and 97.9% for heartbeat monitoring.
Examination of Wave Behaviors in the Differentially Rotating Systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Characteristics and excitation mechanisms of nonaxisymmetric oscillations in differentially rotating systems are investigated. A realistic solar model is used as the equilibrium state, and wave solutions are obtained by numerical analysis. Solutions are classified by analyzing the fractional contributions of kinetic energy, gravity potential energy, and so on to the total pulsation energy and its kinetic energy distribution in the radial direction. A propagation diagram based on the local analysis of waves in rotating systems is also used as an auxiliary tool for the mode classification of the waves. A work integral diagnosis is formulated and it is shown that excitation mechanisms for dynamically unstable modes can be classified as of convective or shear origin. The necessary condition for the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is also shown to be a good criterion in search of dynamically unstable modes.
Some ethical implications of communal and competitive approaches to gifted education∗

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The ongoing debate about whether high ability students would be better served by acceleration or cooperative learning is considered in light of two studies with gifted students. The first study showed that adolescents who held communal notions about the purposes of school were more likely than those who held competitive views to value learning as an end in itself, to find school learning satisfying, and to plan on attending college. The second shows that, when evaluating the fairness of classroom practices, most high ability students, ages 6–18, chose peer tutoring as more fair than acceleration and enrichment for addressing individual differences in potential. It was only after about age 17, however, that most students fully understood the concerns of adults. These and other findings suggest that the moral and intellectual development of high ability students would be best fostered by collaborative learning practices and by educational programs that encourage them to seek knowledge that will be of value to others.
A simple, efficient and near optimal algorithm for compressed sensing

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

When sampling signals below the Nyquist rate, efficient and accurate reconstruction is nevertheless possible, whenever the sampling system is well behaved and the signal is well approximated by a sparse vector. This statement has been formalised in the recently developed theory of compressed sensing, which developed conditions on the sampling system and proved the performance of several efficient algorithms for signal reconstruction under these conditions. In this paper, we prove that a very simple and efficient algorithm, known as Iterative Hard Thresholding, has near optimal performance guarantees rivalling those derived for other state of the art approaches.
Drug Guide 2000: the antiretroviral agents.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Drug resistance in HIV therapy is a growing problem, and several drugs that were approved in 1999 may be beneficial to patients who are becoming resistant to their current therapy. The most influential causes of resistance are non-adherence, improper prescribing of antiretroviral therapy, and extensive drug exposure. In addition, patients are often infected with HIV strains that are already resistant to certain drugs. The consequences and types of resistance vary for each class of anti-HIV drug. The trend toward simpler dosing and PI-sparing regimens has made adherence easier, but HIV treatment remains complex. In addition, many studies show that patients who are being treated by HIV-experienced physicians do better, live longer, and spend less money on medical care than those managed by less experienced physicians.
Association of Cannabinoid Administration With Experimental Pain in Healthy Adults

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cannabinoid drugs may prevent the onset of pain by producing small increases in pain thresholds but may not reduce the intensity of experimental pain already being experienced; instead, cannabinoids may make experimental pain feel less unpleasant and more tolerable, suggesting an influence on affective processes. Cannabis-induced improvements in pain-related negative affect may underlie the widely held belief that cannabis relieves pain.
ANALOGY AND HARMONY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF ADOPTED CHILDREN IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF INHERITANCE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study examines an important comparative legal and religious issue regarding the rights of adopted children in inheritance distribution from Islamic and Christian perspectives. While the abstract summarises key findings, there is a risk of oversimplifying the complexities of religious doctrines and national legal systems governing inheritance laws. Although adopted children's rights are limited in Islamic law, the possibility of making a will can mitigate these restrictions; however, additional nuances arise from various schools of thought and interpretations that influence the scope of inheritance. Conversely, the Christian perspective is often generalised as uniformly granting equal rights to adopted children, which may only hold across some Christian denominations or legal systems influenced by Christian principles. The abstract would benefit from a more detailed analysis of internal variations within each religion and consideration of how different national laws operationalise religious principles. Furthermore, the notion of "harmony" between these two religious traditions in addressing justice for adopted children may be overstated, as the theological foundations guiding inheritance distribution differ fundamentally. A more critical engagement with potential conflicts or limitations in achieving harmonious legal frameworks would add depth to the analysis.
On Literary and Public Activity of Ivo Vojnović with particular emphasis on the "Affaire of Supetar" in 1907.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Autor je na temelju izvornog arhivskoga gradiva te na osnovu relevantne literature i podataka iz nekih svojih ranijih radova, istražio književno i javno i djelovanje hrvatskog književnika Iva Vojnovica pokusavajuci utvrditi kljucne momente u njegovu politickom profiliranju. Upozorio je na cinjenicu da je na politicko oblikovanje Iva Vojnovica utjecala cinjenica da su u obitelji Vojnovic koincidirali razliciti nacionalni identiteti, hrvatski, srpski i jugoslavenski, dok su kod Iva Vojnovica ti identiteti bili razlicito naglaseni u pojedinim razdobljima njegova života. Kao prekretnicu u politickom profiliranju Iva Vojnovica, od mladenackog hrvatstva južnoslavenske orijentacije, nastalog uvelike pod utjecajem njegova oca, uglednog hrvatskog pravnika i politicara Koste Vojnovica, do filosrpsva i jugoslavenstva poznije dobi, u cijem je oblikovanju i ucvrscivanju znatnim dijelom sudjelovao Ivov brat Lujo, autor je oznacio „supetarsku aferu“ kada je Ivo Vojnovic nakon dvadesettrogodisnje službe ostao bez prava na mirovinu. Kao prilog radu autor je uvrstio dva dokumenta: promemoriju, u kojoj je Ivo Vojnovic iz subjektivne perspektive prikazao spomenutu aferu te dosad nepoznati dokument o istrazi supetarske afere iz Tajnih spisa c.k. Namjesnistva pod austrijskom upravom u Zadru, a osvrnuo se i na njegove dnevnicke zabiljeske s tim u vezi iz 1917. godine.
The digestibility value of local chicken rations fed with feed containing fermented catfish waste

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study aims to determine the effect of fermented patin fish waste (FPFW) by microbes Lactobacillus paracasei, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (LBS) in rations on the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein, as well as obtain the level of use that produces the best digestibility of dry matter and protein in local chickens. The study used SNC(SNC) aged 14 weeks, as many as 24 tails, kept for 14 days. The experimental design was randomized, with six treatments and four repeats. Ration treatment is R0 (Lower control ration, protein 15% and EM 2750 kcal/kg, without the use of FPFW); R1 (R0 contains 5% FPFW ); R2 (R0 contains 10% FPFW); R3 (R0 contains 15% FPFW); R4 (R0 contains 20% FPFW); and RS (Upper control ration, protein 18% and EM 2750 kcal/kg, without use of FPFW). The results showed that the use of FPFW by LBS microbes had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the digestibility of dry matter and ration protein. Using 10% FPFW in the ration formula provides the best digestibility value of dry matter and crude protein of the ration on SNC.
Synthesis and characterization of novel platinum acetylide oligomers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

To develop a structure-spectroscopic property relationship in platinum acetylides having poly(aromatic hydrocarbon) ligands, we synthesized a series of chromophores with systematic variation in the number of fused aromatic rings(nFAR) and ligand topology(polyacene(L), polyphenanthrene(Z) or compact(C)). We measured ground state absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra. We also performed nanosecond and picosecond flash photolysis experiments. To extend the range of compounds in the structure-property relationship, we did DFT calculations on an expanded series of chromophores to calculate the S1 and T1 state energies. In both the DFT results and experiment, the ground state and phosphorescence spectra are a function of both nFAR and ligand topology. In the L chromophores, the S1 and T1 state energies decrease linearly with nFAR. In contrast the S1 and T1 state energies of the Z chromophores oscillate with increasing nFAR. The C chromophores have behavior intermediate between the L and Z chromophores. The picosecond transient spectra show complex behavior, having spectra reflecting intersystem crossing, vibrational cooling and solvent relaxation processes. The nanosecond transient spectra result from the T1 - Tn transition. The timeresolved spectra show no systematic variation with structure, showing more complex behavior than previously studied platinum acetylides having phenylene ethynylene ligands.
Knowledge and Self-care Behaviors During Menstruation Among Adolescent Females

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Menstruation is a significant milestone in adolescent development, often accompanied by stress, tension, and embarrassment. Proper knowledge about menstruation and hygienic menstrual practices are crucial for the health and well-being of adolescent females. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the knowledge of adolescent females about menstruation and their self-care behaviors during menstruation in Al Karak Governorate, Jordan. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 school-aged adolescent females at three government girls’ schools in Al-Karak. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 26 software, employing an independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: In this study, a total of 100 school-aged adolescent female students from three government girls’ schools in Al-Karak governorate participated, with a mean age of 15.83 ± 1.43, ranging from 11 to 17 years old. The vast majority of the sample knew that menstruation occurs due to hormonal changes (76%) and that it lasts for 2 - 7 days (77%). Additionally, 94% of participants correctly identified the true meaning of hygiene during menstruation. Nearly all participants (98.5%) washed their genitals during their period. Conclusions: Adolescent schoolgirls in Al Karak City, Jordan, have a good level of knowledge about menstruation and menstrual hygiene management and demonstrate satisfactory to fair levels of hygienic practices during menstruation.