jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of Malononitrile upon Poliomyelitis in Mice.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SummaryMalononitrile treatment preserved the life of more than one-half of the mice infected with a low concentration of the Lansing type poliomyelitis virus, but only prolonged the life span of mice infected with large doses of the virus. Mice treated with malononitrile after the onset of the paralysis showed markedly prolonged survival time. In about one-third of the animals partial or total recovery of the paralytic symptoms was observed; the mice, however, died after cessation of the treatment.
Electron Holography Studies on Narrow Magnetic Domain Walls Observed in a Heusler Alloy Ni50Mn25Al12.5Ga12.5

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Peculiar magnetic domain walls produced in Heusler alloys, which have attracted renewed interest due to their potential application to actuators and spintronic devices, are studied here using electron holography. The observations reveal unexpectedly narrow magnetic domain walls, the width of which showed perfect agreement with that of the antiphase boundaries (APB, e.g., only 3 nm). While the results can be explained by the significant depression of ferromagnetism due to the local chemical disorder, the electron phase shift indicates that ferromagnetic correlation still remains in the APB region.
Increased Excretion of Kallikrein during Dexamethasone Administrationl in Normal Man on Low and Normal Salt Intake

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. The effect of dexamethasone administration for 3 days on urinary kallikrein excretion was studied in 12 normal men with normal sodium intake (n=6) or low sodium intake (n=6). Urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, aldosterone and water was also measured in all subjects. 2. Dexamethasone administration was associated with a significant increase in urinary kallikrein excretion (F3, 30 = 6.9; P &lt; 0.001) regardless of sodium intake. No significant correlation could be established between the increase in urinary kallikrein excretion and changes in urinary sodium, potassium, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, aldosterone or water. 3. These results suggest that dexamethasone can exert a direct action on the renal kallikrein-kinin system.
MACROMYCETES OF BEECH FOREST IN MTIRALA NATIONAL PARK, GEORGIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This review provides an overview of the diversity of macromycetes (fungi with visible fruiting bodies) in Mtirala national park beech forests, highlighting their ecological roles and significance within these ecosystems. Mtirala National Park is a protected area in Adjara region, Western Georgia. It is part of the Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Mtirala National Park Colchic broad-leaved and mixed forests include sweet chestnut and Oriental beech woods. Mount Mtirala is one of the most humid areas in the country. The fungal community in beech forests encompasses a wide range of taxa, including edible mushrooms, wood-decay fungi, mycorrhizal associates, and decomposers. Hypsizygus tessellatus (Beech Mushroom), Armillaria mellea (Honey Fungus), and Fomes fomentarius (Tinder Fungus) are among the common species found in these forests, contributing to nutrient cycling and decomposition processes. Furthermore, mycorrhizal fungi such as Ganoderma spp. (Reishi Mushrooms) and Phellinus spp. (Cracked-cap Polypore) form symbiotic relationships with beech trees, enhancing their nutrient uptake and overall health. The presence of Laetiporus sulphureus (Chicken of the Woods) and Xylaria polymorpha (Dead Man's Fingers) on decaying wood further highlights the dynamic interactions between fungi and their substrates in beech forests. Understanding the diversity and ecological roles of macromycetes in beech forests is crucial for conservation efforts and sustainable forest management practices. Continued research into these fungi will provide valuable insights into the functioning and resilience of beech forest ecosystems in the face of environmental changes and anthropogenic disturbances.
Border disease: persistant infection with the virus

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Two genetically related sheep that produced border disease-affected lambs from successive pregnancies were identified. These sheep, and some of their progeny, were found to be persistently infected with a virus antigenically related to bovine virus diarrhoea/mucosal disease virus. Only one of the sheep developed detectable serum antibody to the virus, and this animal only produced it 12 months after being detected as infected. The epidemiological significance of sheep persistently infected with border disease virus is discussed.
A Study on the Storytelling of Beast"s Alternative Reality Game Based on Cross-Media Strategy - Focused on the first ARG Beast -

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 크로스미디어전략을 기반으로 한 대체현실게임(alternative reality game: 이하 ARG)의 스토리텔링에 대한 연구다. 이 연구는 최초의 ARG라고 평가 받고 있는 〈비스트(The Beast)〉의 연구를 통해서 비선형 스토리텔링의 특성을 구조화시키고자 한다.BR 본 연구는 〈비스트〉 대체현실 게임를 기반으로 크로스미디어의 스토리텔링의 유형을 살펴보고, ARG의 프로모션 전략을 통해서 광의적인 스토리텔링의 내러티브의 유형을 설계하고자 한다.BR〈비스트〉는 수많은 웹사이트로 설계되어져 있지만, 퍼즐 조각의 내러티브의 스토리텔링이며, 분산된 내러티브의 구조라 할 수 있다. 분산된 내러티브는 인터넷, 전화, 이메일 등처럼 이전에는 제대로 시도된 적이 없는 커뮤니케이션 방법이다.BR 대체현실스토리텔링은 아주 짧은 시간 동안 만들어지고, 또한 플레이어들이 협력하여 미션을 수행하는 과정이이다. 그러므로 주체자의 끊임없는 노력이 필요했고, 그 압박감도 매우 컸을 것이라고 보인다. 이러한 소통방식은 스토리텔링의 몰입성을 이끌어나가기 위한 방법적 연구에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.BR 본 연구 방법은 또 다른 융복합 대체현실 비선형 스토리텔링의 기획 방법을 연구하고 창작하는데, 실제적으로 적용 가능한 연구 방법으로 기대된다. 이 연구를 통해서 ARG를 위한 스토리텔링의 플랫폼 연구가 더욱 활성화되기를 기대한다.
Classification through hierarchical clustering and dimensionality reduction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This work describes a two-mode clustering hierarchical model capable of dealing with high dimensional data spaces. The algorithm seeks a transformed subspace which can represent the initial data, simplify the problem and possibly lead to a better categorization level. We test the algorithm on two hard classification problems, the phoneme and the pedestrian recognition; both are typical classification problems from real-life applications. Finally, the model is compared with many other algorithms.
Early understanding of two words for the same thing: A CDI study of lexical comprehension in infant bilinguals

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A basic question that arises with respect to early bilingual comprehension is whether, as in production, bilingual infants understand words from two languages that have the same meaning (translation equivalents). This study addresses this question using CDI-data from 31 children growing up bilingual in French and Dutch. Raters report that 13-month-old bilingual infants all understand translation equivalents; however, the extent to which children understand translation equivalents is marked by considerable inter-individual variability. This understanding is related to how many meanings children understand: the more advanced infants' comprehension skills are, the more meanings they know in two languages rather than just one.
The Importance of Website Usability in Digital Marketing- A Review

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The effectiveness of any digital marketing strategy is strongly dependent on the user experience of the website being promoted. A website that is difficult to browse, confusing or slow to load the content can result in a poor user experience and, as a result there is a loss in leads or consumers. A website that is easy to use, well-organized and optimised for mobile devices, on the other hand can help improve user engagement, raise conversion rates and ultimately boost the success of digital marketing initiatives. This paper shows the significance of website usability in digital marketing and explores the impact of website usability on user experience and how it can affect the key performance indicators such as bounce rates, session duration and conversion rates. By emphasising the importance of website usability in digital marketing, this paper intends to give actionable insights for business looking to improve the user’s website’s user experience and maximise the digital marketing campaigns. Understanding the impact of website usability on the performance of digital marketing efforts allows organisations to make informed decisions regarding website design and functionality to create good user experience that increases engagement and conversion.
Phase formation, phonon behavior, and magnetic properties of novel ferromagnetic La3BAlMnO9 (B=Co or Ni) triple perovskites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In the quest for novel magnetoelectric materials, we have stabilized La3BAlMnO9 (B=Co or Mn) in thin film form. We studied the influence of the growth parameters that promote B/Al/Mn ordering in the pseudocubic unit cell and their impact on the functional and coupled properties. Compared to La2BMnO6, it is observed that the insertion of AlO6 octahedra between BO6 and MnO6 suppresses significantly strength of the superexchange interaction and coupled properties.
INOVASI BISNIS PASCA ERA PANDEMI COVID 19 MELALUI KONSEP INTEGRASI SOSIAL

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to present opinions on how social integration can improve the community's economy and support existing economic activities. Here, social integration is needed so that this does not happen and besides that, social integration does not only unite people's thoughts but can also improve people's welfare if in the right context. Because as we know, Indonesia is currently being hit by an epidemic in which a lot of companies are harming the economy so that it disrupts the community's economy. Social integration is the process of creating unity, inclusion and participation at all levels of society in the diversity of personal characteristics so that everyone can be free to be who they want to be. Personal attributes include socioeconomic class, age, gender, sexual preferences and expressions, political ideas, ethnic and cultural characteristics, religion, nationality (country of origin), and geographic origin region, etc. Social integration allows people, regardless of their characteristics, to enjoy the same opportunities, rights and services available to the so-called dominant group. The business innovation in this paper is applied by applying AGIL theory through 4 important functions needed in the social integration system in meeting the economic needs of the transmigrant population and local residents: Adaptation (Adaptation), Goal Attainment (Achieving Goals), Integration (Integration), Latency (Latency). or Pattern Maintenance). Parsons explains his AGIL concept through a structural system of actions that includes behavioral organisms, social systems, cultural systems and personality systems. Behavioral organisms are action systems that carry out adaptation functions by adapting (adjusting) to the environment and also changing their external environment. While the personality system functions to carry out the function of achieving goals by setting system goals and mobilizing resources to achieve them. Then the social system copes with the function of integration by controlling the parts that are its components. Finally, the cultural system performs the function of maintaining patterns by providing a set of values and norms that motivate actors to act. Parsons' AGIL schema design is used at all levels in his system theory. In the language of the four parsons action systems using the AGIL scheme.
A computer model of the annihilation of the electric field in an electromagnetic wave by the elastic stress field of a rotated grain

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Resistance to heat was simulated and measured in a computer model as an annihilation of the elastic stress arising from the electric field in the radiation. The elastic stress created from the electromagnetic wave was superimposed with the elastic stresses produced by the rotation of a grain, which was represented in two dimensions as an ellipse in the simulation. Both the tilt angle of the grain with respect to the applied force and the aspect ratio of the grain were varied in the computer program. Results are reported here for a ratio of wavelength to total grain length of 10. Annihilation of an elastic stress from the electric field of up to 80 to 90 percent was seen for aspect ratios of 8/7 to 2 in several ranges of grain tilt angle. For this same range in aspect ratio, steep transitions in the amount of annihilation were seen near the ends of the grain. An elongated grain, with an aspect ratio of 10 and rotating counterclockwise, exhibited extinction of 50 to nearly 90 percent of the electric field near the lower end of the grain throughout the tilt angle range of 5° to 85°.
Motion of relativistic particles in axially symmetric and perturbed magnetic fields in a tokamak

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An extensive comparison is given between an analytical theory for the computations of particle orbits of relativistic runaway electrons [M. de Rover et al., Phys. Plasmas 3, 4468 (1996)], and numerical simulations. A new numerical scheme is used for the computer simulations of guiding center orbits. Furthermore, simulations of the full particle motion, including the gyration are performed to check the guiding center approximation. The behavior of drift surfaces and particle orbits in axially symmetric magnetic fields, as predicted in the companion paper are confirmed. This includes the smaller minor radius of a drift surface compared to a magnetic flux surface with identical rotational transform, and the decrease of the minor radius of a drift surface with increasing particle energy. Magnetic islands and drift islands appear when the axial symmetry of the magnetic field is broken by harmonic perturbations. In the numerical simulations the amplitudes of the perturbations have been chosen to increase towards the plasma edge. The analytic theory gave predictions of the width of the drift islands that are in good agreement with the numerical simulations. When overlap of the magnetic perturbations introduces stochasticity, the Hamiltonian theory shows that drift islands can exist in the region of stochastic magnetic field lines, which is also confirmed by the numerical simulations.
EFFECTS OF LARVAL DENSITY ON POSTMETAMORPHIC

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To evaluate the effects of larval environment on postmetamorphic perfor- mance in the spadefoot toad, Spea hammondii, larvae were reared at one of two densities, creating groups of small and large terrestrial juveniles. These terrestrial juveniles were reared, either individually in the laboratory or in groups in outdoor tanks, at high and low food levels until they were 1 yr old. Larger terrestrial juveniles had higher probabilities of survival to 1 yr of age than smaller juveniles. Larval density did not strongly affect the maximum postmetamorphic growth rate of metamorphs. Body mass differences resulting from larval environment were maintained or slightly increased over the first year of ter- restrial growth. The only exception occurred among males receiving high food after meta- morphosis in both the laboratory and outdoor tanks; here the size differences disappeared. Larval environment did not influence the proportion of males reaching maturity in their first year. No females matured in their first year; this difference in the rate of maturation in males and females is consistent with published field studies. In outdoor tanks, males from the high-density larval treatment were active on the surface more often than those from the low-density larval treatment. These results are in general agreement with previous studies that have suggested that small size at metamorphosis is associated with lower adult fitness, in this case through lower survival and smaller body sizes. However, the results of this study suggest that the extent to which larval environment can influence subsequent terrestrial characteristics, such as growth and behavior, may vary with sex and terrestrial food availability.
A molecular dynamics study of the three‐dimensional model of human synovial fluid phospholipase A 2 —transition state mimic complexes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Different modes of binding of transition state mimics: amide, phosphonate and difluoro ketone, to human synovial fluid phospholipase A2 (HSF PLA2) are studies by molecular dynamics simulations computed in solvent. The results are analysed in the light of primary binding sites. Hydrogen bonding interaction plays an important role for amino acids such as Gly32, Val30, and Glu55, apart from the well known active site residues viz Asp48, Gly25, Gly29, Gly31, His27, His47, Lys62, Phe23, Asn114 and Tyr112. In addition, the hydrogen bonding interaction between Sn-1 tetrahedral phosphonate group of amide and difluoro ketone inhibitors and crystallographic water molecules (H2O 523, H2O 524 and H2O 401) seems to have a significant role. Many of the active site charged residues display considerable movement upon ligand binding. The structural effects of ligand binding were analyzed from RMS deviations of C alpha in the resulting energy-minimized average structures of the receptor-ligand complexes. The values of the RMS deviations differ among the HSF PLA2s, in a pattern that is not the same for the three complexes. This suggests that ligands with different pharmacological efficacies induce different types of conformational changes of the receptor. Our active-orientation model is, at least qualitatively, consistent with experimental data and should be useful for the rational design of more potent inhibitors.
[Do not forget HIV in the Netherlands].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

At the time of the first aids cases in 1981 in the United States, no one could have predicted that it would signal the start of a worldwide epidemic. To mark World Aids Day, this journal is devoting a special issue to HIV/AIDS. Erroneously, it seems that in the Netherlands HIV/AIDS is sometimes forgotten. Among men who have sex with men, the HIV incidence is around 1%--a rate that is just as high as that among adults in many African countries. In order to slow down the spread of the virus, there should be more intensive testing for HIV, by, for example, 'opting out'. Developments in the field ofHIV/AIDS outside the Netherlands are also discussed. There is an article on a successful HIV/AIDS treatment project setup by Médicins sans Frontières in the Ukraine. The consequences of the large-scale availability of antiretroviral drugs in developing countries are also examined. Because of these programs increased resistance of the virus to the medication may become a problem. Further, a promising initiative to improve the financing of healthcare systems in Africa is discussed. An effective vaccine for HIV seems far away. Recently, Merck halted the development of an HIV vaccine based on T cell immunity, because the clinical results were disappointing. Waning interest in investing in an HIV vaccine from the pharmaceutical sector means that governments will have to increasingly take on this role. For now strategies for the prevention of HIV must be to continue to stimulate safe sexual behavior, good diagnostic and treatment services for sexually transmitted infections, and more and earlier HIV testing.
Effect of Poly Mulch on Soil Moisture and Yield of Rainfed Mustard

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment on mulching in mustard crop with 15 μm black plastic (LLDP) film was conducted during rabi 1998–99. The mulch was applied 20 days after sowing, when crop was at two-leaf stage. Mulching conserved on an average 34 per cent higher moisture as compared to control. It increased seed yield and oil yield by 20 per cent, which was contributed by increased siliqua per plant, seeds per siliquii and 1000-seed weight. Mulched treatment was almost weed free. It is realized that a suitable labour efficient technology be developed so that the poly mulch can be used at farmers field.
Leveraging genetic association data to investigate the polygenic architecture of human traits and diseases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many human traits and diseases have a polygenic architecture, where phenotype is partially determined by variation in many genes. These complex traits or diseases can be highly heritable and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been relatively successful in the identification of associated variants. However, these variants typically do not account for most of the heritability and thus, the genetic architecture remains uncertain.
Rehabilitation effects of walking and baduanjin to the perimenopausal syndrome with depression

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective:To research and compare the rehabilitation effects of walking and baduanjin on perimenopausal syndrome with depression,and find non-drug therapy to treat perimenopausal syndrome effectively.Method:Assessed at Kupperman score≥16(means heavier than moderate perimenopausal syndrome) and center for epidemiologic studies depression scale(CES-D)≥20(means depression),145 perimenopausal women from Xishan Road Community in Tangshan city,45—55 years' old,were randomly divided into 3 groups based on their serial number.50 persons in control group(with no exercise),46 in walking group and 49 in baduanjin group.Evaluations were taken with Kupperman score and CES-D after 3-month training.Result:Compared to control group,the differences of Kupperman scores and CES-D scores in baduanjin group and walking group all were significant(P0.01).Compared with walking group,the CES-D score of baduanjin group improved(P0.01).According to the single items scores of Kupperman,both in walking and baduanjin group hectic fever,sweating,insomnia,fuss,depress,fatigue,muscle and joint pain released(P0.05),and the effect of baduanjin on insomnia,fuss,depress,and palpitation was better than that of walking.Conclusion:Walking and baduanjin could alleviate perimenopausal syndromes effectively,and baduanjin could suit adapts to peri-menopausal women's health more.
The effect of rehabilitation and one year follow-up for a COVID-19 patient on prolonged mechanical ventilation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We herein report the outcomes of rehabilitation intervention for a patient in his 80s with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on prolonged mechanical ventilation after COVID-19 infection. The patient was forced to be long-term bedridden due to respirator dependence, showing notable muscle weakness and needing full assistance for all of his activities of daily living (ADL). We implemented rehabilitation for the purposes of withdrawal from mechanical ventilation and improvement of his physical function. We provided a combination program of range of motion exercise, resistance training, and gradual mobilization, such as sitting on the edge of the bed, moving between the bed and wheelchair, sitting on the wheelchair, standing and walking. After rehabilitation for 24 days, the patient was withdrawn from mechanical ventilation, his muscle strength recovered to a level of 4 (Good) on manual muscle testing (MMT) and he became able to walk using a walker. A follow-up survey one year later confirmed that he performed ADL without assistance and returned to work.