jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of the Correlates and Causes of Boredom

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Boredom has been defined as self-regulatory signal which tells us that whatever we are currently doing is failing to keep us engaged, pushing us to seek out more satisfying alternatives. It is a negatively valenced experience associated with a wide range of negative consequences ranging from problem gambling to depression and poor academic performance. The pervasiveness of boredom points to the need to better understand the various contingencies that lead to it. As such, the goal of this thesis was to explore some of the lesser studied correlates and causes of boredom. Chapter 2 explored the relationship between boredom and willingness to engage in various tasks. Results showed that the less willing one is to engage in a task, the more bored they are likely to be. Chapter 3 investigated the relationship between boredom and effort regulation with results indicating that those who are less willing to expend effort are more likely to be bored. Chapter 4 examined the role of autonomy on boredom and demonstrated that control by itself does not differentiate between different levels of state boredom when tasks are boring. Finally, Chapter 5 explored whether having control over the challenge level of a task influenced boredom. Here too, results showed that the different manipulations of control over challenge did not influence boredom. The challenge of isolating individual factors that lead to boredom, highlighted across all the studies presented here, suggests that boredom arises from complex interactions of multiple variables. The last chapter discusses the possible interactions that can give rise to boredom.
Allocutive agreement in Korean under cyclic Agree

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Korean is a language known to lack agreement, but there is one salient agreement that happens: honorific agreement. A basic example is that whenever the subject is suffixed with an honorifying nominal form, -kkeyse, it agrees with a verbal suffix, -si. The condition for honorific agreement is that the subject must have an honorifying feature [+hon] and has to be [+human]. Nevertheless, I newly introduce a case where honorifying verbal suffix -si is used even when the subject does not have a [+hon, +human] feature. I suggest that this is a type of allocutive agreement (i.e., morphosyntactic agreement with the hearer). Based on Speech Act projection suggested by Haegeman & Hill (2013), I propose a structural representation that integrates discourse participants into syntactic representation. I also predict the phenomenon by adopting the framework of cyclic Agree proposed by Béjar & Rezac (2009).
Female Intrasexual Competition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Over human evolutionary history, women have benefited from competing with same-sex mating rivals to acquire and retain desired mates. Winning a rivalry may lead to direct advantages, such as securing an attractive, healthy mate who has the ability and willingness to invest in a relationship, as well as possessing important resources that may help sustain future children. Simultaneously, such competition is associated with potential costs, such as jeopardizing alliances, being victimized within social networks, becoming the target of malicious gossip, or, in the case of a loss, wasting one’s time and effort that could have been allocated elsewhere. Here I first present the evolutionary framework that underpins women’s intrasexual mating competition, and then review the existing literature on the specific ways that this competition is manifested. Attention is especially paid to competition via physical attractiveness, namely women’s efforts to improve or enhance their attractiveness, given men’s universal tendency to prefer attractive mates. I focus on how this competition typically utilizes indirect aggression tactics and relies on women behaving in a strategic manner that depends on the local environment, such as the number of available mates, the mate value of potential rivals, and concerns about maintaining one’s reputation.
Peptide-Level Interactions between Proteins and Small-Molecule Drug Candidates by Two Hydrogen−Deuterium Exchange MS-Based Methods: The Example of Apolipoprotein E3

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We describe a platform utilizing two methods based on hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) to characterize interactions between a protein and a small-molecule ligand. The model system is apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3) and a small-molecule drug candidate. We extended PLIMSTEX (protein-ligand interactions by mass spectrometry, titration, and H/D exchange) to the regional level by incorporating enzymatic digestion to acquire binding information for peptides. In a single experiment, we not only identified putative binding sites, but also obtained affinities of 6.0, 6.8, and 10.6 μM for the three different regions, giving an overall binding affinity of 7.4 μM. These values agree well with literature values determined by accepted methods. Unlike those methods, PLIMSTEX provides site-specific binding information. The second approach, modified SUPREX (stability of unpurified proteins from rates of H/D exchange) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI), allowed us to obtain detailed understanding about apoE unfolding and its changes upon ligand binding. Three binding regions, along with an additional site, which may be important for lipid binding, show increased stability (less unfolding) upon ligand binding. By employing a single parameter, ΔC1/2%, we compared relative changes of denaturation between peptides. This integrated platform provides information orthogonal to commonly used HDX kinetics experiments, providing a general and novel approach for studying protein-ligand interactions.
Computer Modeling and FEA Simulation for Composite Single Fiber Pull-Out

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Using state-of-the-art computer-aided technologies, particularly CAD and integrated CAD/FEA technique to model and simulate the composite, the single-fiber pull-out problem is presented. The capability and effectiveness of using enabled CAD to generate solid modeling based composite fiber/matrix heterogeneous assembly and its application with the seamless integration of CAD/FEA to simulate fiber pull-out mechanisms and effects of material and geometric variation on stresses in fiber and matrix are demonstrated. The CAD/FEA model predictions are compared with an analytical solution. Parametric studies of fiber pull-out problems with different stiffness ratios of fiber and matrix, and with irregular fiber cross-sections, for which solutions are difficult to obtain analytically, are also presented.
Pebbles and Ripples: Hubert Harrison and the Rise of the Garvey Movement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Hubert Harrison (1883–1927) represents a pioneer of the Black radical tradition whose historical restoration requires us to rethink the origins of the Garvey movement. Harrison and his Liberty League of Negro-Americans modeled many of the key strategic, ideological, and cultural components that Garvey would adopt for his Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA), including the United States and Harlem in particular as a headquarters, the focus on mass social movement building, the ideology of “race first,” support for nationalist struggles like the Irish, and a tricolor flag to symbolize Black liberation. At a time when Marcus Garvey was on the verge of returning to Jamaica, he caught a break by joining forces with Harrison in Harlem. As a result, Harrison’s organization exerted a decisive influence on Garvey, prompting him to shift his vision for the UNIA from a Tuskegee Institute emulator to a vehicle for building a global Pan-African and Black nationalist social movement.
Treatment of chronic allograft rejection.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic renal allograft rejection at present the most important factor affecting long-term graft survival, and effective therapeutic method is still lacking. This article reports 43 cases of chronic renal rejection treated from January 1989 to April 1992. Effective result was obtained in 27 cases (62.8%). The authors believe that increasing dosage of the immunosuppressants is an effective method for the management of chronic renal rejection and the earlier the treatment is given the better the results would be. The selection and the regulation of the dosage of the immunosuppressants should be determined according to the individual situation.
Simulation of regional winter wheat yield by combining epic model and remotely sensed LAI based on global optimization algorithm

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In recent years, combining spatial and timely remote sensing data and crop growth model is an important way to improve accuracy of crop growth simulation and crop growth monitoring. In this paper, global optimization algorithm SCE-UA (Shuffled Complex Evolution method University of Arizona) was used to integrate remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) with EPIC crop growth model to simulate regional winter wheat yield and other field management information such as sowing date, plant density and net nitrogen fertilizer application rate in Huanghuaihai Plain in China. Final results showed that average relative error of estimated winter wheat yield was 1.81% and RMSE was 0.208 t/ha. Compared with the actual observation data, average relative error of simulated plant density and net nitrogen fertilization application rate was -7.95% and -8.88% respectively and absolute error of simulated sowing date was only 1 day. These above accuracy of simulated results could meet requirements of crop monitoring at regional scale. It was proved that integrating remotely sensed LAI with EPIC model based on SCE-UA for simulation of crop growth condition and crop yield was feasible.
Training Method and Excellent Character of Athletes Towards Basic Skills of Tarung Derajat

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aims to see the effect of training method and attitudes on basic engineering skills.This an experimental design involving 30 athletes.The samples are collected by Stratified-cluster random sampling technique.The instrument consists of basic engineering skills tests and fighting ablityof tarung derajat athetes.Data were analyzed by using technique analysis of two ways variance (ANOVA).The results of the study provide an illustration, that (1) Improvement basic athlete's technical skills are the overall level it is better to use the game sequence method, as well as on group of high-intelligent characters, while in the clevercharacter group low both method (series of games and series of training), (2) implementation of circuit training method and intelligent characters provide an interaction towards improvement basic athletes technical skills, (3) There are significant differences, between the circuit play method are more effective for highintelligent characters and low, (4) while the exercise circuit method can only be used for low-intelligent characters.
In with acute bronchitis; out with duodenal perforation: the potentially harmful cascade of over-testing. A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Overutilization of diagnostic imaging can lead to unnecessary interventions and subsequently can jeopardize patient safety. When ordered, the results of these images should always be interpreted in the appropriate clinical context taking into consideration the patient clinical presentation and the natural history of the diseases which are being investigated. We presented a case that demonstrates for the practicing physicians how violating these two notions can lead ultimately to patient harm.
Nanotopography‐Promoted Formation of Axon Collateral Branches of Hippocampal Neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Axon collateral branches, as a key structural motif of neurons, allow neurons to integrate information from highly interconnected, divergent networks by establishing terminal boutons. Although physical cues are generally known to have a comprehensive range of effects on neuronal development, their involvement in axonal branching remains elusive. Herein, it is demonstrated that the nanopillar arrays significantly increase the number of axon collateral branches and also promote their growth. Immunostaining and biochemical analyses indicate that the physical interactions between the nanopillars and the neurons give rise to lateral filopodia at the axon shaft via cytoskeletal changes, leading to the formation of axonal branches. This report, demonstrates that nanotopography regulates axonal branching, and provides a guideline for the design of sophisticated neuron‐based devices and scaffolds for neuro‐engineering.
Optimization of quicklime-catalyzed biodiesel production from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study focuses on the development of a sustainable biodiesel production process using non-edible hemp seed oil (HSO) and an environmentally friendly, lowcost quicklime catalyst. HSO was recovered via cold-pressing, with major fatty acids identified as linoleic acid (55.70%), linolenic acid (15.59%) and oleic acid (13.72%). Due to the slightly elevated free fatty acids (FFAs) content in HSO, a two-stage process was employed: esterification of FFAs in HSO catalyzed by sulfuric acid, followed by methanolysis of the esterified HSO using quicklime as a catalyst. The methanolysis reaction was optimized using a 33 factorial design with three central points, combined with response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal reaction conditions for achieving maximum fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) content were determined to be: methanol-to-HSO molar ratio of 6:1, catalyst concentration of 6.8%, and reaction time of 45 min. Additionally, the produced biodiesel meets the EN 14214 biodiesel quality standard specifications, with the exception of the iodine value. Overall, the methanolysis of non-edible HSO using low-cost quicklime presents a promising, sustainable approach for biodiesel production.
The Effect of Molecular Architecture of Sulfobutyl Ether β-Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles on Physicochemical Properties of Complexes with Moxifloxacin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A method has been developed for nanoparticles synthesis based on oligomers of sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) and their structure has been studied by FTIR spectroscopy. The physicochemical properties of "guest−host" inclusion complexes formed by SBE-β-CD and its oligomers with moxifloxacin have been investigated. It has been shown that, as compared with SBE-β-CD, the synthesized oligomers have an increased affinity for moxifloxacin: the dissociation constants for the complexes of monomeric and oligomeric SBE-β-CD are (1.0 ± 0.3) × 10−4 and nearly 5 × 10−6 M, respectively. The binding efficiency increases due to the multy-point interaction of a moxifloxacin molecule with functional groups of the oligomeric carrier. SBE-β-CD oligomers are promising carriers for drugs, in particular, fluoroquinolone-based antibacterial agents, and may be used for the development of new compositions with improved solubility, bioavailability, and prolonged drug release.
JNK- and Akt-mediated Puma expression in the apoptosis of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

BH3 (Bcl-2 homology domain 3)-only proteins have an important role in the cisplatin resistance of cells. However, the effect of BH3-only proteins on cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells has not been thoroughly elucidated. Our results from the present study indicate that Puma plays a critical role in the apoptosis of chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cells treated with BetA (betulinic acid). The reduction of Puma expression inhibits Bax activation and apoptosis. However, p53 gene silencing has little effect on Puma activation. Further experiments demonstrated that Akt-mediated FoxO3a (forkhead box O3a) nuclear translocation and the JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase)/c-Jun pathway only partially trigger Puma induction and apoptosis, whereas dominant-negative c-Jun expression with FoxO3a reduction completely inhibits Puma expression and cell death. Furthermore, our results suggest that JNK regulates the Akt/FoxO3a signalling pathway. Therefore the dual effect of JNK can efficiently trigger Puma activation and apoptosis in chemoresistant cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate the role of Puma in BetA-induced apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms of Puma expression regulated by BetA during ovarian cancer cell apoptosis. Our findings suggest that the JNK-potentiated Akt/FoxO3a and JNK-mediated c-Jun pathways co-operatively trigger Puma expression, which determines the threshold for overcoming chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells.
Broad scale community-level larval fish survey of southern Lake Erie

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The early-life history stages of fish are sensitive to environmental change and therefore can indicate habitat quality as well as help predict recruitment of resident and transient fishes. In 2019, as part of the Lake Erie Cooperative Science and Monitoring Initiative, we conducted a lake-wide assessment of the ichthyoplankton community in U.S. nearshore waters and international offshore waters. The goal of this work was to characterize the larval fish community across the lake and assess species composition, phenology, and distribution of larvae. Ichthyoplankton were sampled weekly using bongo nets at ports beginning at the Detroit River and along the southern shore of Lake Erie to Dunkirk, NY, and less frequently in the Niagara River and offshore areas. Larval fish were present from March 26 through August 29, 2019. The first taxon to emerge was Lake Whitefish in all basins, followed by Walleye, Yellow Perch, and catostomids, depending on port. Mean total density peaked in mid-June due to high catches of Gizzard Shad, Morone spp., and Freshwater Drum in the western basin. Few fish were collected in the offshore sites. Taxa richness, diversity, and larval density were higher in the western basin and lower in the central and eastern basins, generally following the productivity gradient. This was the first study to provide a comprehensive community assessment of the ichthyoplankton community of Lake Erie and can provide a baseline to assess future change, especially in community composition or phenology, of larvae which are likely to respond to climate and habitat change.
Towards an automatic coding of observational studies: Coding neurofeedback therapies of children with autism

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The coding of observational data is commonly used to analyse and evaluate human behaviours. The technique can help researchers inform the design and impact of, for example, an Ubicomp system by studying specific behaviours of interest. There are some tools that can alleviate the burden of observational coding, like those that help to collect and organise data, but can still be error‐prone and time‐consuming. Moreover, most of these tools lack automation, requiring intense human interaction. In order to mitigate these issues, computer vision (CV) and machine learning (ML) techniques could be used to automate observational coding, but little work has focused on analysing the feasibility of such an approach, with the goal of reducing the total coding time while maintaining accuracy. In this work, we address this question by proposing an automated approach for a real‐world case study and compare it to manual coding. The study is composed of 10 videos with an average duration of 17 min each, where the goal is to determine the attention of children with autism that participate in a neurofeedback therapy session. Each video was hand‐coded by three human observers to define the ground truth and to measure the manual coding time. Results show that it is feasible to automate the coding of observational behaviours and obtain a noticeable reduction in coding time, but with a slight loss in accuracy. Moreover, we illustrate that the best solution would be a hybrid approach, using a semi‐automated system that combines human expertise and ML predictions Keywords Observational studies, Coding behaviours, Automatic coding, Computer‐Vision, Machine Learning.
Anisotropy-based analysis for descriptor systems with nonzero-mean input signals

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents a novel concept of anisotropy-based analysis for descriptor systems with nonzero-mean random input signals. The algorithm for mean anisotropy computation of the Gaussian stationary random sequence with nonzero mean is obtained. The equations for anisotropy norm computation (in the frequency domain) for descriptor systems are developed. Numerical examples are given.
The legend of Prince Vijaya — a study of Sinhalese origins

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Ancient chronicles relate the origin of the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka to the arrival of Prince Vijaya from an area either in north‐east or north‐west India, and his subsequent affiliation with people from south India. Students of Indian history argue that the Vijayan legend should be interpreted to favor either one or the other of the northern origins, or a mixture of peoples from both areas. Genetic distance analysis however, despite the limitations imposed by the data, shows that modern Sinhalese populations are closer to the Tamils and Keralites of south India and the upper caste groups of Bengal than they are to populations in Gujarat or the Panjab.
De novo variants in KCNA3 cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective Variants in several potassium channel genes, including KCNA1 and KCNA2 , cause Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies (DEEs). We investigated whether variants in KCNA3 , another mammalian homologue of the Drosophila shaker family and encoding for Kv1.3 subunits, can cause DEE. Methods Genetic analysis of study individuals was performed by routine exome or genome sequencing, usually of parent‐offspring trios. Phenotyping was performed via a standard clinical questionnaire. Currents from wild‐type and/or mutant Kv1.3 subunits were investigated by whole‐cell patch‐clamp upon their heterologous expression. Results Fourteen individuals, each carrying a de novo heterozygous missense variant in KCNA3 , were identified. Most (12/14; 86%) had DEE with marked speech delay with or without motor delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder. Functional analysis of Kv1.3 channels carrying each variant revealed heterogeneous functional changes, ranging from “pure” loss‐of‐function (LoF) effects due to faster inactivation kinetics, depolarized voltage‐dependence of activation, slower activation kinetics, increased current inactivation, reduced or absent currents with or without dominant‐negative effects, to “mixed” loss‐ and gain‐of‐function (GoF) effects. Compared to controls, Kv1.3 currents in lymphoblasts from 1 of the proband displayed functional changes similar to those observed upon heterologous expression of channels carrying the same variant. The antidepressant drug fluoxetine inhibited with similar potency the currents from wild‐type and 1 of the Kv1.3 GoF variant. Interpretation We describe a novel association of de novo missense variants in KCNA3 with a human DEE, and provide evidence that fluoxetine might represent a potential targeted treatment for individuals carrying variants with significant GoF effects. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:365–376