jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of specific anti‐desmoglein 1 and 3 enzyme‐linked immunoassay and indirect immunofluorescence in the evaluation of pemphigus activity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective The objective was to assess the relationship between enzyme‐linked immunoassay ( ELISA ) values of desmoglein ( D sg) 1 and D sg3 antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence ( IIF ) values of anti‐epithelial antibodies with disease activity in patients with pemphigus. Patients and methods In a retrospective study, we analyzed 353 serum samples taken from 35 patients with pemphigus vulgaris ( PV ) and nine with pemphigus foliaceus ( PF ) during the course of the disease. In each sample, we measured anti‐ D sg1 and anti‐ D sg3 antibodies by ELISA . A receiver operating characteristics ( ROC ) curve was calculated to determine a cutoff value for anti‐ D sg1 and anti‐ D sg3 antibodies with optimal sensitivity and specificity. In 263 samples, we compared the ROC curves of anti‐ D sg1 and anti‐ D sg3 antibodies with the ROC curves of the IIF results. Results Activity of pemphigus was associated with a wide range of anti‐ D sg1 and anti‐Dsg3 antibody values. Levels of anti‐ D sg1 antibodies showed a better relationship with cutaneous activity of pemphigus than levels of IIF anti‐epithelial antibodies. The levels of IIF anti‐epithelial antibodies showed a relationship with activity of mucosas similar to the levels of anti‐ D sg3 antibodies. Discussion Abnormal values of anti‐ D sg antibodies are not always associated with disease activity. ELISA detects both pathogenic and nonpathogenic anti‐ D sg antibodies. Conclusions Therapeutic strategies should not be based exclusively on anti‐ D sg antibody values. Anti‐ D sg1 antibodies showed a closer relationship with skin activity than IIF , while anti‐ D sg3 antibodies showed a relationship with mucosal activity similar to the IIF test.
Identification and Characterization of Glutathione S-transferase Genes in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under Insecticides Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Insect glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) serve critical roles in insecticides and other forms of xenobiotic chemical detoxification. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a major agricultural pest in several countries, especially Egypt. This is the first study to identify and characterize GST genes in S. frugiperda under insecticidal stress. The present work evaluated the toxicity of emamectin benzoate (EBZ) and chlorantraniliprole (CHP) against the third-instar larvae of S. frugiperda using the leaf disk method. The LC50 values of EBZ and CHP were 0.029 and 1.250 mg/L after 24 h of exposure. Moreover, we identified 31 GST genes, including 28 cytosolic and 3 microsomal SfGSTs from a transcriptome analysis and the genome data of S. frugiperda. Depending on the phylogenetic analysis, sfGSTs were divided into six classes (delta, epsilon, omega, sigma, theta, and microsomal). Furthermore, we investigated the mRNA levels of 28 GST genes using qRT-PCR under EBZ and CHP stress in the third-instar larvae of S. frugiperda. Interestingly, SfGSTe10 and SfGSTe13 stood out with the highest expression after the EBZ and CHP treatments. Finally, a molecular docking model was constructed between EBZ and CHP using the most upregulated genes (SfGSTe10 and SfGSTe13) and the least upregulated genes (SfGSTs1 and SfGSTe2) of S. frugiperda larvae. The molecular docking study showed EBZ and CHP have a high binding affinity with SfGSTe10, with docking energy values of −24.41 and −26.72 kcal/mol, respectively, and sfGSTe13, with docking energy values of −26.85 and −26.78 kcal/mol, respectively. Our findings are important for understanding the role of GSTs in S. frugiperda regarding detoxification processes for EBZ and CHP.
Preliminary Study of Reproductive System of Isatis indigotica

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The reproductive system of Isatis indigotica in herbal garden of Jilin Agricultural University was studied.The results showed that:(1) Isatis indigotica possesses hermaphroditic flower and many pollens and its pollens are mainly carried by insects.(2) The ratio of pollen to ovule is from 9 426 to 28 280 and it belongs to cross breeding system.The mating pattern of Isatis indigotica is cross-pollination according to the process of pollination,mating experiment and microexamination of pollens' germination in stigma.(3) The ratio of self-pollination in flowering season is only 7.8 percent because of its self-incompatibility.Furthermore,the self-incompatibility of Isatis indigotica acts on the surface of stigma and this kind of phenomenon belongs to sporophytic self-incompatibility system.
Applications of Orthotropic Decks in Bridge Rehabilitation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A bridge deck, subject to direct loading by heavy truck wheels and exposed to weather effects, is the most severely stressed structural element of a bridge. The static and dynamic effects of the moving wheel loads and the high ratio of live to dead load cause a wide range of alternating stresses in the deck. Repeated millions of times during the deck life, these stresses precipitate material fatigue. The decks are designed for standard loads stipulated in the AASHTO specifications. However, the actual wheel and axle loads are frequently much heavier and may cause severe overstress. Another significant contribution to flexural deck stresses is due to differential deflections of the supporting stringers, which is not addressed in the current design specifications for concrete decks. Exposure of the deck to wide temperature variations, moisture and freeze-thaw cycles further decreases the deck strength by causing concrete volume changes and cracking. However, the most important cause of deck deterioration is the action of deicing salts that penetrate concrete and corrode reinforcing steel. High pressures exerted by the rust cause further cracking, spalling and delamination of concrete, opening the way to more salt penetration and thus accelerating the irreversible process of concrete deck failure.
Pembinaan Kelompok Pedagang Telur Asin Tegal “ Strategi Pemanfaatan Telur Asin Gagal Jual Menjadi Produk Kerupuk Telur Asin Aneka Rasa”

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This community service activity as a partner is a salted egg business group in the city of Tegal. This group is vulnerable to losses that are often experienced during the production process until the sale of salted eggs. This group only sells its product in the form of salted eggs without any product innovation. The losses experienced by partners were due to the product failing to sell due to cracked eggs during the boiling process. Another influencing factor is not having the creativity to use the failed product. PKM partners are also unable to see business opportunities by creating new high-value products from defective products. The purpose of this service program is to provide solutions to the problems experienced by partners. The result of this service is that partners can take advantage of defective salted egg products for various flavored salted egg crackers, make profit/loss reports, and make advertisements on social media
Smart and Secure Voting Machine using Biometrics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

India, considered being one of the largest democratic countries in the world. Besides this country have the largest number of population and a number of politicians in each party. The fate of the country and citizens is in the hand of the political representative of the country, who was chosen by the citizens of the country by voting. This gives an illustration of how much the fundamental right to vote is important. But according to research, in 2014, in common election, in India, only 66.4% of valid citizens cast their votes. This may represent that the voters do not value or care about their right to vote or maybe there is a problem with the voting system. The voting system has a few problems with it. One of the major problems in existing voting system, which is EVM (Electronic Voting Machine), in that the voter cannot verify whether his vote is registered or not and even if it is registered it is not possible to know if it is registered under the correct candidate the voter had cast his vote too. So, in this paper, we propose a system or method which will solve that problem of the current voting system available in India.
Deep Learning-Based Efficient Model Development for Phishing Detection Using Random Forest and BLSTM Classifiers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the increase in the number of electronic devices and developments in the communication system, security becomes one of the challenging issues. Users are interacting with each other through different heterogeneous devices such as smart sensors, actuators, and many other devices to process, monitor, and communicate different scenarios of real life. Such communication needs a secure medium through which users can communicate in a secure and reliable way so that their information may not be lost. The proposed study is an endeavor toward the detection of phishing by using random forest and BLSTM classifiers. The experimental results of the proposed study are promising in phishing detection, and the study reflects the applicability of the proposed algorithms in the information security. The experimental results show that the BLSTM-based phishing detection model is prominent in ensuring the network security by generating a recognition rate of 95.47% compared to the conventional RF-based model that generates a recognition rate of 87.53%. This high recognition rate for the BLSTM-based model reflects the applicability of the proposed model for phishing detection.
Noise Matters: Diffusion Model-based Urban Mobility Generation with Collaborative Noise Priors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With global urbanization, the focus on sustainable cities has largely grown, driving research into equity, resilience, and urban planning, which often relies on mobility data. The rise of web-based apps and mobile devices has provided valuable user data for mobility-related research. However, real-world mobility data is costly and raises privacy concerns. To protect privacy while retaining key features of real-world movement, the demand for synthetic data has steadily increased. Recent advances in diffusion models have shown great potential for mobility trajectory generation due to their ability to model randomness and uncertainty. However, existing approaches often directly apply identically distributed (i.i.d.) noise sampling from image generation techniques, which fail to account for the spatiotemporal correlations and social interactions that shape urban mobility patterns. In this paper, we propose CoDiffMob, a diffusion model for urban mobility generation with collaborative noise priors, we emphasize the critical role of noise in diffusion models for generating mobility data. By leveraging both individual movement characteristics and population-wide dynamics, we construct novel collaborative noise priors that provide richer and more informative guidance throughout the generation process. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our method, with generated data accurately capturing both individual preferences and collective patterns, achieving an improvement of over 32%. Furthermore, it can effectively replace web-derived mobility data to better support downstream applications, while safeguarding user privacy and fostering a more secure and ethical web. This highlights its tremendous potential for applications in sustainable city-related research. The code and data are available at https://github.com/tsinghua-fib-lab/CoDiffMob.
Experience of Events of Truth in Hermeneutic Conversation With Text

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this article is to explore what the experience of events of truth can entail in hermeneutic dialogue with text as well as the significance this can have for hermeneutic methodology in caring science. Experience of events of truth is discussed based on Hans-Georg Gadamer’s ontological perspective and on Emmanuel Levinas’s ethical perspective. A veritable experience of an event of truth is a testimony to the responsibility we take for the Other and to our humanity. Experience of events of truth requires that there is a connection of esteem between ethics and ontology in the reader’s understanding of what Hans-Georg Gadamer calls the subject matter (Sache). The experience of events of truth has methodological significance for caring science in that it can contribute to the disclosure of ontological evidence and inform caregiving and caring science.
Prematurity, Illness, and Experience as Factors in Preterm Development

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Increasing concern for the developmental outcome of infants born prematurely has motivated investigation of their cognitive cnd socioemotional development. Some scientists have viewed preterm infants as a homogeneous sample whose major deficit lies in their immaturity and have Included both small-for-dates and premature, appropriate-for-dates Infants as one sample, even though they are biologically distinct and have different developmental outcomes. In addition, recent evidence has highlighted the number of medical complications endured by prematures and their potential effect on development. Finally, the effect of early environmental experience on the premature needs careful examination. Prematures are capable of processing and profiting from auditory and visual information much earlier than previously thought. This article reviews these three issues-maturity, illness, and potential effect of early experience—as factors important in any research on preterm development.
Constituent power, primary assemblies, and the imperative mandate

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, some constitutions were drafted and ratified in processes that had at their base meetings of neighbours in particular localities. Usually called primary assemblies, these local meetings facilitated practices inconsistent with the logic of representation, such as the preparation of instructions intended to bind the elected deputies. This chapter examines the ways in which primary assemblies figured in four historical constitution-making episodes: the creation of the first two French Constitutions (1791, 1793) and the subsequent creation of constitutions in Spain (1812) and Venezuela (1811). Through the analysis of these cases, we will see how the notion of primary assemblies as the main site of constituent activity, as well as the institution of citizen instructions, were replaced by a conception that attributed to local meetings of citizens the sole function of electing representatives considered capable of drafting a constitution. I then explore the ways in which primary assemblies, as well as a 'soft' version of the imperative mandate, could operate in contemporary constitution-making practices.
Verification techniques for policy based systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Verification techniques are applied to policy based systems to ensure design correctness and to aid in the discovery of errors at an early stage of the development life cycle. A primary goal of policy verification is to evaluate the policy’s validity. Other analyses on policy based systems include the identification of conflicting policies and policy efficiency evalu- ation and improvement. In this work, we present a discussion and classification of recent research on verification techniques for policy based systems. We analyse several techniques and identify popular supporting verification tools. An evaluation of the benefits and drawbacks of the existing policy analyses is made. Some of the common identified problems were the significant need of computational power, the limitation of the techniques to particular policy model, which restrict their ex- tension to other policy models and the lack of efficient conflicts resolution methods. We use the evaluation results for discussing the further challenges and future research directions that will be faced by policy verification techniques. In particular, we discuss specific requirements concerning verification techniques for coalition policies systems and autonomous decision making.
Converging Discoveries: The First Reports of IL-4

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Interleukin-4 was one of the first cytokines to be intensively studied and remains one of the most interesting and biologically important ([1][1]). It has a distinctive spectrum of biological activities, many of which are unique to IL-4 or to both IL-4 and IL-13 but are not shared by other cytokine
Gender differences in self-reported camouflaging in autistic and non-autistic adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Social camouflaging describes the use of strategies to compensate for and mask autistic characteristics during social interactions. A newly developed self-reported measure of camouflaging (Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire) was used in an online survey to measure gender differences in autistic ( n = 306) and non-autistic adults ( n = 472) without intellectual disability for the first time. Controlling for age and autistic-like traits, an interaction between gender and diagnostic status was found: autistic females demonstrated higher total camouflaging scores than autistic males (partial η 2 = 0.08), but there was no camouflaging gender difference for non-autistic people. Autistic females scored higher than males on two of three Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire subscales: Masking (partial η 2 = 0.05) and Assimilation (partial η 2 = 0.06), but not on the Compensation subscale. No differences were found between non-autistic males and females on any subscale. No differences were found between non-binary individuals and other genders in either autistic or non-autistic groups, although samples were underpowered. These findings support previous observations of greater camouflaging in autistic females than males and demonstrate for the first time no self-reported gender difference in non-autistic adults.
Development of corrosion-resistant hydrophobic Zn/ZnO composite coatings on steel substrates

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The surface engineering technique evolved, making it easier to protect steel from harsh and corrosive environments. Corrosion is an enduring problem for steel that cannot be completely eliminated but can be reduced to the bare minimum. Traditional methods like galvanization and painting still exist, but hydrophobic coatings are efficient and mostly used to protect the steel from deterioration. In this work we have used nano composite hydrophobic coatings among Zn (galvanized), ZnO, and Zn/ZnO on steel samples to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in reducing corrosion rate. Electrodeposition techniques are used to incorporate the coating deposits. Spark emission spectroscopy and x-ray Fluorescence elemental analysis shows the composition of bare and galvanized steel. The x-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) analysis proved that Zn/ZnO phases are present in coatings. The results of scratch test revealed that the bond strength increased in the hydro-Zn/ZnO-coated samples as compared to the Zn or Zn/ZnO-coated samples. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the formation of a new layer on the substrate’s surface, causing it to become rough and exhibiting growing nanostructure properties. The contact angle test proves the hydrophobic nature of composite coatings on the steel samples. The STA Zn/ZnO, coating shows the super hydrophobicity with the lowest corrosion rate, at 0.04 mm/area.
Detection and Clinical Significance of a Potential Mediator of Airway Remodelling in Preschool Wheezy Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To detect levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and analysis the relationship among wheezing and airway remodelling-associated factors. Methods: The levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TGF-β1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Samples of blood and nasopharyngeal aspirates were analysed for pathogens. Meanwhile, levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and percentage of eosinophils were measured. Findings: Serum levels of MMP-9 were much higher in wheezy children than in controls (p 0.05). No significant effects of recurrent wheezing, pathogen infection, IgE level or asthma high risk factors on serum level of MMP-9 were observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: We found that serum MMP-9 levels were higher in wheezy children, indicating a possibility for airway remodelling in wheezy children. However, recurrent wheezing, pathogen infection and hereditary backgrounds had no effect on the serum level of MMP-9.
Report 2019 Thematic Working Group

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (ERME) holds a biennial conference (CERME) in which research is presented and discussed in Thematic Working Groups (TWGs). The initiative, which began in the September 2017 Newsletter, of introducing the working groups continues here, focusing on ways in which European research in the field of mathematics education may be interesting or relevant for research mathematicians. The aim is to extend the ERME community with new participants, who may benefit from hearing about research methods and findings and who may contribute to future CERMEs.
DNA triple helix formation at homopurine sites interrupted by pyrimidine residues.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Blocks of alternating G·TA and T·AT triplets can be stabilised when anchored to an adjacent block of eleven T·AT triplets. For example, the duplex A<sub>11</sub>(AT)<sub>6</sub>·(AT)<sub>6</sub>T<sub>11</sub> can be recognised by the oligonucleotide T<sub>11</sub>(TG)<sub>6</sub>. These results have been extended to examine triplexes in which the alternating or anchoring regions have been made longer or shorter. An anchoring region of 11 X T·ATs allows formation of up to 11XT·AT/G·TA pairs, shorter stabilising tails generate less stable triplexes. The nature of the terminal triplet affects stability: T·AT is preferable to a G·TA. These triplexes are further stabilised by incorporating isolated numbers of C<sup>+</sup>·GC triplets in the anchoring region. For example, the triplex formed at AAAGAG(AT)<sub>6</sub> is very stable in the absence of a triplex stabilising ligand, whereas a similar site without these 2 charged triplets does not form a triplex.</p><p>The effects of relocating a single G·TA at different positions within a 17mer triplex have been studied using quantitative footprinting. These reveal greatest triplex stability when G·TA occupies the central position. Lower stability is observed with G·TA at either the 5' or 3' ends, with the 3'-end complex being marginally more stable. The preferred triplets for flanking G·TA or T·CG show that T·AT on either side of these triplets is best; a single C<sup>+</sup>vGC on either side gives intermediate stability, and poorest stability is seen with 2 flanking C<sup>+</sup>·GCs.</p><p>Lastly, the charged base analogue propargylamino-dU (P) has been used to promote triplex formation at sites which otherwise require a stabilising ligand. The rank order of stability with P residues is TPTG &gt; TC<sup>+</sup>GP &gt; PC<sup>+</sup>GP &gt; PC<sup>+</sup>GT. Incorporating C<sup>+</sup> and P residues within one complex is most effective when these triplets are separated by uncharged triplets. The results with this base analogue extend stable triplex formation to sites in which 25% of the target sequence contains pyrimidines.</p>