jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Prognostic Value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Metastatic Testicular Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We investigated the prognostic utility of pre-chemotherapy neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with metastatic germ cell tumors (GCTs) undergoing first-line chemotherapy. We utilized two institutional databases to analyze the pretreatment-derived NLR (dNLR). Predictive accuracy was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for the international germ cell cancer collaborative group (IGCCCG) risk classification. Discriminatory accuracy was evaluated by determining the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). In total, 569 of 690 patients had available dNLR (IGCCCG: good, 64%; intermediate, 21%; poor, 16%). The 5-year and 10-year overall survivals (OSs) for good, intermediate, and poor risk groups were 96.2%, 92.8%, and 62.7% and 93.9%, 90.3%, and 62.7%, respectively. A dNLR of 2 provided the best discriminatory accuracy with an AUROC of 0.58 (95% CI: 0.52–0.65, p = 0.01) for progression-free survival (PFS), whereas for OS, a dNLR of 3 provided the best discriminatory accuracy with an AUROC of 0.62 (95% CI: 0.53–0.70, p < 0.01). A dNLR > 2 was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.99 (95% CI: 1.27–3.12, p < 0.01) for PFS, which lost its effect after adjustment for IGCCCG (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.90–2.30, p = 0.13). For OS, a dNLR >3 was associated with an HR of 3.00 (95% CI: 1.79–5.01, p < 0.01), but lost its effect after adjustment for IGCCCG. Systemic inflammation plays a role in metastatic GCT, but its prognostic utility beyond established algorithms is limited. The general prognostic value of NLR can be seen across a number of tumors, although the consistency and magnitude of the effect differ according to cancer type, disease stage, and treatment received. We identified that an elevated NLR was associated with an adverse PFS and OS, but not independent of the IGCCCG risk classification. dNLRs >2 and >3 were associated with an adverse PFS and OS, respectively, in patients with metastatic GCT receiving first-line chemotherapy, but not independent of the IGCCCG risk classification.
In search of the essential woman in national development: China's first TV drama series on women, by women, for women.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study analyzes the portrayal of the image of women presented in the first television drama serial focusing on women in China that was created by women and for women and was dedicated to the Fourth World Conference on Women. After an introduction, the analysis provides an overview that describes the traditional status of women, the changes in this status called for by the Communist Party, and the image of women in the literature and film. The fundamental questions for analysis are: 1) What do the women most active in society understand about themselves? 2) What is their relationship with men? 3) Is male dominance really over or has it adopted new, subtler forms? The study then analyses and discusses the nine serials, listing the central conflicts (career vs. family, divorce vs. social norms, the stepmother-stepdaughter relationship, female virtue, urban vs. rural culture, and expectations for females) and the occupational and familial roles of the heroines. It is concluded that the entire series presents women as asking important questions about themselves and their relationship with men and gaining important insights. The women do not embody the political ideology of "funu" (female subject in Maoist state discourse) or accept a mere definition of "nuren" (female human being) but struggle to become "nuxing" or "essential woman" and assert female independence without overtly rebelling against men.
Molasses induced changes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: alterations in plasma membrane structure and function and metallothionein level.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Growth of yeast cells in molasses caused changes in plasma membrane properties. The polypeptide profile of plasma membrane prepared by sucrose density gradient centrifugation showed a range of new polypeptides above 55 kD which were not present in malt extract-glucose-yeast extract-peptone medium grown cells. Isolated new bands appeared in the range of 25-50 kD. Transport of glucose was markedly enhanced in molasses trained cells. Among the amino acids, L-lysine uptake was decreased while L-aspartate uptake was enhanced considerably. Finally the metallothionein levels in the cells grown in molasses was found to be increased significantly, possibly to protect the cells from the harmful effect of heavy metal ions.
Downregulation of lysosomal and further gene expression characterization in lung cancer patients with bone metastasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Molecular and functional mechanisms of bone metastases were poorly understood. This study was to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and functional proteins in bone metastases from lung for better understanding of the molecular and functional mechanisms. Our results suggested CTSS, CTSD, MX1, NKX2-1 might play a decisive role in bone metastasis. Collectively, these results demonstrated that bone metastasis from lung cancer would lead to changes in lysosome function, which may affect the decomposition and elimination of old bone matrix, thus affecting bone turnover. In addition, our findings provided new insights into the prediction and treatment of bone metastases.
Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from spray-chilled sheep carcasses during cooling

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Background: Multidrug-resistant bacteria present in food of animal origin raise human and animal health concerns. Objective: To assess antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from sheep carcasses subjected to spray-chilling with water (4 and 10 hours) during cooling. Methods: Thirty surface swabs were collected from carcasses before and after the last water spray in two slaughter periods. In a first assessment (1st sampling), three spray-chilled carcasses (4 hours), three non-sprayed and one control carcass were sampled. In a second assessment (2nd sampling), the same number of carcasses and treatments were maintained, but spray-chilling was extended to 10 hours. All samples collected were isolated and submitted to susceptibility test using 16 (1st sampling) and 17 (2nd sampling) antimicrobials, respectively. Results: Overall, E. coli isolates were resistant most antimicrobials. Spray-chilled and control carcasses (10 hours) showed resistance to meropenem. Conclusion: E. coli isolates from carcasses subjected to spray-chilling with water for 10 hours had higher antimicrobial resistance to one, two, and four antimicrobial classes, characterizing a multidrug resistance profile. These results highlight the need to monitor health status throughout the meat production processes.
Current Medical Care Situation of Patients in Germany Undergoing Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Tailored approaches in gastrointestinal oncology have been more frequently introduced in past years and for patients with peritoneal metastases. This article attempts to overview the current strategies in surgical gastrointestinal oncology, with a focus on gastrointestinal peritoneal metastases. Methods: In 2019, all patients undergoing PIPAC therapy in Germany were retrospectively analyzed regarding morbidity and in-hospital mortality rates. Furthermore, patients with chemotherapy-refractory peritoneal metastases from gastric cancer undergoing PIPAC-therapy at our institution were analyzed. Results: In 2019, 534 patients received PIPAC treatment in german hospitals. The in-hospital mortality rate was 0%. In total, 36 patients suffered from postoperative complications (8%). From April 2016 to September 2021, a total of 44 patients underwent 93 PIPAC applications at our institution. The non-access-rate was 0%. The median PRGS was two (range, 1–4). Eleven patients (44%) showed histologically stable disease, whereas six patients (24%) showed histological regression. Median survival, calculated from the date of the first PIPAC application, was 181 days (range, 43–636 days). Conclusions: PIPAC is a safe and feasible procedure with a low in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, PIPAC in the palliative and chemorefractory setting and is an appealing approach for patient management in the future.
Strain Distributions in Full-Scale Energy Foundations (DFI Young Professor Paper Competition 2012)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper focuses on the thermo-mechanical response of two full-scale energy foundations installed at the new Denver Housing Authority Senior Living Facility in Denver, Colorado. The energy foundations were formed by attaching heat exchanger tubes to the inside of the reinforcement cages of drilled shafts. The heat exchange tubes were connected to a ground-source heat pump system, which circulates a methanol-water mixture through the tubing to absorb or shed heat into the foundation and surrounding soil or rock. Instrumentation was incorporated to assess the heat exchange response of the foundations as well as the thermo-mechanical strains during construction and typical building operation. The temperature changes within the foundations are stable during heating and cooling operations and the corresponding thermal axial strains are within acceptable limits. The thermal axial strain profiles measured for both foundations follow trends expected for end-bearing boundary conditions with greater strains near the top of the foundations (upward expansion). The mobilized thermal expansion coefficients inferred from the instrumentation confirm that side shear stresses provide resistance to thermally induced movements. The results from this study indicate that energy foundations can be implemented in new buildings to gain improved heat exchange capabilities without major impacts on the foundation performance, for little added installation cost.
Current Status and Development Strategies of Food Cold Chain Logistics in China

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The development of food cold chain directly concerns people's life and health.In order to ensure safety of food,China should enhance the development and the scientific management of food cold chain.First,the paper introduces the relation of food safety and cold chain logistics,and points out the necessity and the importance of building food cold chain logistics.Then,through comparing the development experiences of food cold chain logistics in developed countries with the present situation of food cold chain logistics in China, it analyses the existing problem which lies in the development of food cold chain logistics and suggests the development strategies of food cold chain logistics in China.
Migration, Frictional Unemployment, and Welfare‐Improving Labor Policies*

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract. Studies have suggested that there exists job search and recruiting friction in urban areas. This paper constructs a two‐sector (rural and urban) model involving this factor and investigates how it affects migration and what the optimal policies should be. An analysis shows that frictional urban unemployment brings about intersector wage differentials and that an economy almost always has distortion in the absence of government intervention. Tax and subsidy policies that remove the distortion are explored. Setting urban wages appropriately is also shown to attain the optimum. Finally, we explore the criterion to judge whether changing urban wages as a policy, such as the minimum wage law, enhances social welfare.
The Epidemiology of Headache in Germany: A Nationwide Survey of A Representative Sample on The Basis of The Headache Classification of The International Headache Society

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study presents the first account of the prevalence of headache syndromes, defined according to the International Headache Society criteria, in a large representative sample of the German population; 5000 persons representative of the total population were selected from 30,000 households. Subjects were requested to answer a questionnaire about headache occurrence during their lifetime. The completion rate was 81.2%. Seventy-one point four percent ( n = 2902) reported a history of headache. Twenty-seven point five percent fulfilled the criteria for migraine. Thirty-eight point three percent ( n = 1557) met the criteria for tension-type headache and 5.6% ( n = 229) did not fulfil criteria for either migraine or tension-type headache. Significant correlations were found between the prevalence of the different headache syndromes and sociodemographic variables such as sex, age and place of residence. The prevalence of headache did not exhibit any significant differences between the various länder (states or regions) of Germany. When extrapolated to the total population these results reveal that 54 million people in Germany suffer from headache at least occasionally or persistently. These findings suggest that the magnitude of the neurological disorders, migraine and tension-type headache, is seriously underestimated and thus constitutes a major contemporary health problem.
Multi-antibiotic resistance of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Objective To study the situation of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)resistant to multi-antibiotics in the local area.Methods Fifty-one strains of MRSA detected by cefoxitin disk diffusion and penicillin binding protein 2a latex agglutination test were determined with β-lactamase test,D-test,Kirby-Bauer methods with erythromycin(ERY),clindamycin(DA),4 fluoroquinolones(Ofloxacin(OFX),Norfloxacin(NOR),Levofloxacin(LEV),Gatifloxacin(GTX)),and Vancomycin(VAN).Results The inhibitor diameters of cefoxitin disk of 51 strains of MRSA were 6~20 mm.β-lactamase producing rate and the resistance rate to ERY,DA,Fluoroquinolones,and VAN were 84.3%,98.0%,86.3%,88.2%,and 0,respectively.The ratio of erythromycin inducible clindamycin resistance was 50.0%(3/6).Conclusion MRSA are resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents.Vancomycin associating with fluoroquinolones antibiotics could been adopted in low level MRSA infections according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
When indexicals target discursively subsidiary information: How foregrounding and backgrounding in discourse affect indexical reference

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Adopting Berrendonner’s (1990; fc.) distinction between “micro-syntax” and “macro-syntax”, as well as the orthogonal one between foregrounded and backgrounded discourse segments (cf. Khalil, 2005), this paper aims to examine certain “non-canonical” interactions amongst these domains. In particular, I shall be looking at instances where a potential referent is evoked within a highly presupposed, discursively backgrounded text segment, but where that referent is targeted either via an “anadeictically”-used or a non-anaphorically used indexical expression and made into a discourse entity in its own right. The latter is characteristic of discourse deixis, but not of anaphora as such. I will also be looking at larger stretches of text, which relate to each other discursively in terms of “macro-syntax”. I will try to characterise the limits of discourse-anaphoric reference as a function of the degree of backgrounding or foregrounding of the discourse units in terms of which that referent is determined and targeted.
Evaluation and Modeling of the CO2 Permeability Variation by Coupling Effective Pore Size Evolution in Anthracite Coal

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A decrease in the gas pressure and coal pore size evolution resulting from the comprehensive effects of effective stress increase, coal matrix shrinkage, gas slippage, and Knudsen diffusion impacts gas permeability. This paper focuses on anthracite coal from the Qinshui basin of China to investigate pore size evolution and its impact on CO2 permeability variation. The results show that (a) the mean pore radius of the coal core varies from 7.839 to 42.946 nm under a 0.2–2.2 MPa mean gas pressure and 2.4–5.5 MPa confining stress conditions, (b) the decreases in the mean pore radius and gas pressure during pressure depletion under constant effective stress conditions cause the permeability to gradually increase due to gas slippage and Knudsen diffusion, (c) at constant gas pressures, the mean pore radius decrease induced by the effective stress increase primarily leads to a reduction in the permeability, and (d) during pressure depletion under constant confining stress (3.7 and 4.3 MPa) conditions, the permeability changes by multiple factors including the effective stress, matrix shrinkage, gas slippage, and Knudsen diffusion. It is observed that the negative effect from the effective stress is slightly stronger (obviously weaker) than the positive effects from the matrix shrinkage, gas slippage, and Knudsen diffusion at mean gas pressures greater (less) than approximately 0.8 MPa. Finally, an empirical model was established predicting the CO2 permeability change by coupling pore size evolution with the permeability change during gas pressure depletion under constant confining stress conditions. This model comprehensively considers the four effects of effective stress, matrix shrinkage, gas slippage, and Knudsen diffusion and shows consistency with the experimental data.
SPECIFIC ACTIVATION AND INDUCED SPINDLE BURSTS IN THE AUDITORY SYSTEM

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Specific properties of the electrical activity of the auditory system were studied on unanesthetized curarized cats, and the following results were obtained.1) The electrical activity level of the auditory system changed independently from the other neocortical areas and paleo-and archicortices.2) Tone stimulus of adequate intensity produced the localized activation in the auditory area.3) Low voltage fast activity in the auditory area occurred by high frequency electrical stimulation of the medial geniculate body.4) The spontaneous spindle bursts of the auditory area were frequently accompanied by the spindle bursts in the ipsilateral medial geniculate body. In the spindle stage of EEG, the spindle bursts were induced by click both in the auditory area and medial geniculate body. The pattern of the induced spindle bursts was similar to that of the spontaneous spindle bursts.5) The induced spindle bursts in the auditory area by single shock stimulation of the ipsilateral medial geniculate body, and conversely, the spindle bursts in the medial geniculate body induced by single shock stimulation of the auditory area were observed. The induced spindle bursts in the auditory area and the spindle bursts in the sensori-motor cortex induced by single shock stimulation of the caudate nucleus did not interfere each other.6) The spindle-like discharges in the midbrain reticular formation sometimes occurred together with the spontaneous spindle bursts in the auditory area and medial geniculate body.
A Comparison of Short-Circuit Current Decaying Calculation between PSS/E BKDY and Computational Curve

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The calculations of short-circuit current decrement with PSS/E BKDY and computational curve were compared with the one by the dynamic simulation of PSS/E. Calculation shows that the accuracy of the result by PSS/E BKDY is quite good while the one by computational curve is so conservative that it makes larger errors. The reasons for the above results have been analyzed theoretically.
Valproate-induced Periorbital Edema.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Valproate is an antiepileptic medication that can be used to manage behavioral symptoms associated with Alzheimer's dementia. We present a rare case of valproate-induced periorbital edema. Case A 76-year-old man came to the emergency room with agitation and aggression. He was medically cleared and referred to a psychiatric facility where he was treated with haloperidol. When he developed drug-induced parkinsonism, the haloperidol was stopped, and the patient was started on valproate 250 mg twice daily. The day after valproate administration, the patient developed periorbital edema. After ruling out other causes of periorbital edema, adverse drug reaction was suspected. Valproate was discontinued, and the edema rapidly resolved within five days. Conclusion Periorbital edema is a rare side effect of valproate. It can occur in patients who are being treated with valproate for behavioral changes in Alzheimer's disease. The edema resolves with discontinuation of the medication.
Eﬀect of orthodontic adhesives modiﬁed with antibacterial nanoparticles on bond strength: literature review

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

RELEVANCE. With the advent of nanotechnology, new dental products are being created with the addition of various nanoparticles to improve the quality of the material, as well as increase their durability and antibacterial therapy. Recently, nanoparticles of silver, calcium hydroxyapatite, calcium dioxide, magnesium, cinnamon and vanillin are included in orthodontic adhesives to prevent enamel demineralization during ﬁxed appliance treatment. However, the strength of ﬁxation of the bracket system to the tooth enamel plays an important role in resisting orthodontic and mechanical stress in the oral cavity to achieve precise control of tooth movement. AIM. The purpose of this study is to provide an analytical review of laboratory studies on the shear bond strength of orthodontic adhesives modiﬁed with antibacterial nanoparticles. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The eLibrary, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were queried for scientiﬁc articles published from 2019 to 2024 using the keywords: nanoparticles, orthodontics, bond strength, orthodontic adhesive, nanoadhesive. Thus, this article included 13 in vitro studies on the topic of shear adhesion strength of nanoadhesives, the remaining 40 scientiﬁc articles were devoted to the study of methods of using nanotechnologies in the orthodontic clinic, the properties of various nanoparticles and the problems of demineralization of dental tissue during the correction of dentoalveolar anomalies, their prevention. CONCLUSION . Based on this analysis, it was found that most laboratory studies of orthodontic adhesives containing low concentrations of nanoparticles demonstrated positive antimicrobial potential while maintaining acceptable adhesive bond strength. However, further studies are needed in clinical settings, taking into account humidity and temperature changes in the oral cavity, to achieve the best mechanical performance and antibacterial eﬀectiveness against bioﬁlm-forming pathogens during orthodontic therapy.
Water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from South-East Asia, Thailand and Sulawesi Tenggara (Indonesia): descriptions of new species and new records

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Wiles, P. R. (2004): Water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from South-East Asia, Thailand and Sulawesi Tenggara (Indonesia): descriptions of new species and new records. Journal of Natural History 38 (17): 2153-2165, DOI: 10.1080/00222930310001617742, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001617742