jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Macrophage metalloelastase-12 is detectable in human seminal plasma and represents a predictor for inflammatory processes in the male genital tract

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Macrophage metalloelastase-12 (MMP-12), a protein of the matrix metalloproteinase family, is involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes as well as in disease processes. MMP-12 is almost exclusively produced by macrophages and is associated with inflammatory disorders. Giving the fact that inflammation negatively influences ejaculate parameters, we investigated a possible presence and correlation of MMP-12 in seminal plasma with parameters of the ejaculate, especially in leucocytospermic ejaculates. Forty-two patients who presented for semen analysis were assigned into four groups depending on the result of semen analysis according to the WHO guidelines 2010: normozoospermia (n = 11), OAT (n = 10), azoospermia (n = 10) and leucocytospermia (>1 mio. peroxidase-positive cells per ml) (n = 11). MMP-12 was detected by ELISA and was measurable in nearly all seminal plasma samples. Generally, MMP-12 concentrations were significantly higher in leucocytospermic samples than in nonleucocytospermic ones (P = 0.001). The MMP-12 levels between the latter nonleucocytospermic groups did not differ. Moreover, MMP-12 levels correlated with the presence of peroxidase-positive leucocytes. No correlation with CD 14 positive monocytes/macrophages was detected. In this study, we demonstrate that MMP-12 is present in seminal plasma and is correlated with inflammatory conditions in human semen and therefore may serve as predictor of ongoing inflammatory processes.
[Mediastinal hematoma causing severe airway compression].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Une femme de 43 ans est admise au Centre respiratoire pour un tableau d'asthme grave, forte anemie et acidose metabolique. Au cours de l'assistance respiratoire mecanique on a detecte une masse mediastinale qui comprimait la trachee et qui a la tomodensitometrie avait la densite des tissus solides. Prealablement on avait mis en place un catheter central par ponction de la veine jugulaire. La malade est decedee et a l'autopsie on a decouvert un hematome mediastinal compressif qui fut attribue a la ponction
A lightweight semi-active ankle exoskeleton utilized NiTiCu-based shape memory alloys for energy storage

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, exoskeletons have a place in many fields, such as industrial production, medical rehabilitation, and military. However, there are still many shortcomings in the existing exoskeleton, such as heavyweight and complex structures for active exoskeleton. The driving ability of passive exoskeletons is limited. To reduce the energy consumption of wearers, based on the characteristics of the semi-active ankle exoskeleton, this paper proposes to use NiTiCu-based shape memory alloys (SMA) as the energy storage source to improve the power density. Compared to NiTi-based SMA, the phase transformation process of NiTiCu-based SMA is more rapid, which can solve the response delay problem to a certain extent. The ankle exoskeleton uses SMA deformation to compress the bias spring. When the human ankle joint needs auxiliary torque, the SMA releases the energy stored by the bias spring and transfers the energy to the ankle exoskeleton to achieve the effect of assisting the human ankle joint. During the assistance process, a control system based on the SMA mathematical model is constructed. The above-mentioned ideas provide a new approach for further expanding power density and can be widely applied in the field of robotics. During characterization, this semi-active ankle exoskeleton can effectively complete the movement state of upstairs and walking, achieve an effective power of 180 N, and store maximum energy up to 5 J for the human ankle.
Enjoyment of Culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Contemporary indications from legal instruments as to what cultural rights entail are found in Articles 13 to 15 of the Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. By Article 13 the States parties ‘recognize the right of everyone to education’, which ‘shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and the sense of its dignity, and shall strengthen the respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms’, as well as, inter alia,promoting ‘tolerance and friendship among all nations and all racial, ethnic or religious groups’. The States parties also agree to respect the liberty of parents ‘to ensure the religious and moral education of their children in conformity with their own convictions’.
Peer Review #2 of "A citizen science approach to monitoring bleaching in the zoantharian Palythoa tuberculosa (v0.2)"

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Coral reef bleaching events are expected to become more frequent and severe in the near future as climate changes.The zoantharian Palythoa tuberculosa bleaches earlier than many scleractinian corals and may serve as an indicator species.Basic monitoring of such species could help to detect and even anticipate bleaching events, especially in areas where more sophisticated approaches that rely on buoy or satellite measurements of sea surface temperature are unavailable or too coarse.One simple and inexpensive monitoring method involves training volunteers to record observations of host color as a proxy for symbiosis quality.Here, we trained university students to take the 'color fingerprint' of a reef by assessing the color of multiple randomly selected colonies of P. tuberculosa at one time point in Okinawa Island, Japan.We tested the reliability of the students' color scores and whether they matched expectations based on previous monthly monitoring of tagged colonies at the same locations.We also measured three traditional metrics of symbiosis quality for comparison: symbiont morphological condition, cell density, and chlorophyll a content.We found that P. tuberculosa color score, although highly correlated among observers, provided little predictive power for the other variables.This was likely due to inherent variation in colony color among generally healthy zoantharians in midwinter, as well as low sample size and brief training owing to the course structure.Despite certain limitations of P. tuberculosa as a focal organism, the citizen science approach to color monitoring has promise, and we outline steps that could improve similar efforts in the future.
A Study of Certain Properties of Myosin from Skeletal Muscle

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY— This investigation was conducted (a) to establish a procedure for purifying a stable myosin preparation from pig skeletal muscle and (b) to evaluate the enzymatic activity and associated characteristics of purified myosin, isolated at death from skeletal muscles which ultimately have varying rates of hydrolysis of ATP in situ during the first half‐hour after death. Rabbit muscles were also used for comparative purposes. Myosin preparations were found to be pure (by ultracentrifugation, Sephadex separation and superprecipitation tests) and stable with normal values for SH groups. The Ca ++ ‐activated ATPase activities of myosin extracted from PSE Poland China pigs were significantly greater than those from Chester White pigs and normal Poland China pigs. EDTA‐activated ATPase activities were greater in myosin from PSE Poland China than in normal Poland China.
Inter-Disciplinarity in Urban Design: Erasing Boundaries between Architects and Planners in Urban Design Studios

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Urban design has historically occupied the gap between architecture and planning. Although there have long been calls for the discipline to bridge this gap, urban design has continued to lean more heavily on design than planning. The efforts to revitalize downtown Toledo, a mid-western U.S. town experiencing steep economic decline, present a classic example of the potentially unfortunate results of this approach. Over the past three decades, there have been many attempts to revitalize the city, especially its downtown, by constructing several large public buildings, all within a few blocks of each other, all designed with little attention to each other or to the surrounding public spaces, and with a remarkable lack of civic engagement. Responding to calls in the literature for inter-disciplinarity in urban design, and to the city's experience with urban design, the authors created a collaborative studio for architects and planners from two neighboring universities with two purposes: first, to establish a collaborative work environment where any design interventions would be firmly rooted in the planning context (i.e., to erase boundaries between architects and planners); second, to draw lessons from this experience for the practice and teaching of urban design. Despite the difficulties of collaborating, architects and planners benefited from exposure to each other, learning about each other's work, as well as learning to collaborate. The interdisciplinary teams developed richer proposals than the architect-only teams. Finally, critical engagement with the community is essential to shaping downtown development.
A Neuroendocrine View of ECT.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A neuroendocrine hypothesis to explain the clinical activity of convulsive therapy is described. The hypothesis is based on the diabetes/insulin model and suggests that hypothalamic dysfunction with an insufficiency of a mood-maintaining peptide is the basis for affective disorders. Repeated seizures enhance the production and release of the hypothalamic peptide antidepressin-the active principle that relieves both neuroendocrine and behavioral abnormalities.
A Neural Network Model for the Spatial and Temporal Response of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This article introduces a quantitative model of early visual system function. The model is formulated to unify analyses of spatial and temporal information processing by the nervous system. Functional constraints of the model suggest mechanisms analogous to photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and retinal ganglion cells, which can be formally represented with first order differential equations. Preliminary numerical simulations and analytical results show that the same formal mechanisms can explain the behavior of both X (linear) and Y (nonlinear) retinal ganglion cell classes by simple changes in the relative width of the receptive field (RF) center and surround mechanisms. Specifically, an increase in the width of the RF center results in a change from X-like to Y-like response, in agreement with anatomical data on the relationship between α- and 𝛽-cell RF profiles. Simulations of model response to various spatio-temporal input patterns replicate many of the classical properties of X and Y cells, including transient (Y) versus sustained (X) responses, null-phase responses to alternating gratings in X cells, on-off or frequency doubling responses in Y cells, and phase-independent on-off responses in Y cells at high spatial frequencies. The model's formal mechanisms may be used in other portions of the visual system and more generally in nervous system structures involved with spatio-temporal information processing.
Lake Study for Macintosh

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVTech ReportNEXTLake Study for MacintoshDavid M. Whisnant , James McCormick , and Paul Wagner Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 6, 492Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 June 1995Published inissue 1 June 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ed072p492.1Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (847 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reflectarrays: Potentials and Challenges

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper gives an overview of research activities on reflectarrays. It revisits the original concept of reflectarray and describes how its realization evolved over the last three decades. Fixed-beam and electronically steered varieties of this antenna are considered. Special considerations are devoted to a slot-coupled double-sided microstrip interconnect for use in reflectarrays and transmitarrays.
Notchless affects the Wnt pathway during pre-implantation development in mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In order to determine the genetic pathways required for early mammalian fetal development, a positional cloning study was performed using two embryonic lethal lines of mice, l11Jus1, and l11Jus4. These lines were derived from an ENU mutagenesis screen targeted to a 34Mb region of mouse chromosome 11. The mutations were identified for both lines in Notchless (Nle1), a regulator of the Notch pathway, and a gene expression study was initiated. RNA was isolated from wild type and l11Jus1 homozygous embryos for qRT- PCR analysis using a Notch pathway focused PCR array. Genes present on the array include Notch ligands, receptors, target genes, transcription factors, and genes from other related genetic pathways. Very few Notch target genes were misregulated in the mutants, while there was a non-significant down regulation of some of the ligands and receptors. Only Cdkn1a was significantly up-regulated in the mutants. Cdkn1a is a target gene of Notch signaling, but is also involved in apoptosis. Surprisingly, this study revealed a down-regulation of Wnt genes in the mutant embryos during pre-implantation development. Wnt and Notch are known to interact later in development during somitogenesis, but Notch is not required during pre-implantation development. This study shows a component of Notch signaling (i.e. Nle1) interacts with Wnt during peri-implantation in the developing embryo without affecting global Notch signaling. The over-expression of Cdkn1a could result from misregulation of Notch, disruption in another Nle1 dependent pathway during this developmental timepoint or because the embryo is undergoing apoptosis. Therefore, either Notch signaling interacts with Wnt during pre-implantation development, or Nle1 acts through a yet to be identified pathway that alters Wnt signaling.
Using aggregate motion in multi-agent teams to solve search and transport problems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The aggregate movement of animals has inspired computational models that have proven useful for controlling navigation in teams of mobile agents. Additionally, strategies adopted from social insects have been employed in a multitude of problems to perform distributed problem solving. In this work, we combine collective movements with general problem solving capabilities to build multi-agent teams that perform search and collection tasks that require not only navigational skills but also a coordinate team strategy. The results show that agents undertaking collective movements are better able to self-coordinate and propagate information than those moving independently.
Kalonji (Nigella sativa Linn) a comprehensive review on ethnopharmacological properties with special focus on its Unani perspective

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Kalonji (Nigella sativa Linn.) has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries, both as herb and pressed oil in Asia, Middle East and Africa. It is a time tested drug in Unani system of Medicine and is gaining positive reputation due to its wide and divergent actions on different systems of human body. The present study was carried out to compile and highlight its ethnopharmacological properties which can help in the exploration of this drug and its acceptance in the international market.
“Can any Fraction be Turned into a Decimal?” A Case Study of a Mathematical Group Discussion

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This case study examines two days of teacher-led large group discussion in a fifth grade about a mathematical question intended to support student exploration of relationships among fraction and decimal representations and rational numbers. The purpose of the analysis is to illuminate the teacher's work in supporting student thinking through the use of a mathematical question embedded in a position-driven discussion. The focus is an examination of the ways that the emergence of mathematical ideas is partially shaped by complex interactions among the mathematical contents of the question, the inherent properties of the discourse format and participant structure, and the available computational methods. The teacher's work is conceptualized in terms of actions and practices that coordinate these diverse tools, in constant response to students' concurrent use of them.
Academic freedom: A history of the academy's legitimating concept

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Academic freedom is widely accepted as the legitimating concept which separates the academic profession from other professions. Over the last fifty years the dramatic changes in American higher education—from enrollment growth, shifts in funding sources, disciplinary specialization and diversification of institutional missions—have each influenced how academic freedom is actualized on college and university campuses. This study traces the history of academic freedom in American higher education from the late 1950s through the present. It asks about the current status and conceptions of academic freedom in American higher education, it considers what has shaped and influenced the current status and conceptions of American higher education, and it seeks to illuminate how the present state of professional autonomy is better understood through historical discussions of academic freedom. An organizational taxonomy is presented to explain the complexities of the domains, agents, and threats to academic freedom. The analysis revealed that a volatile, but nevertheless still identifiable, state of academic freedom existed throughout this tumultuous period. Because of this constant state of challenge and tension, the autonomy of the professoriate, and therefore the autonomy of higher education, has suffered.
Identification of the Schistosoma mansoni Molecular Target for the Antimalarial Drug Artemether

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma mansonii are the parasites responsible for most of the malaria and schistosomiasis cases in the world. Notwithstanding their many differences, the two agents have striking similarities in that they both are blood feeders and are targets of an overlapping set of drugs, including the well-known artemether molecule. Here we explore the possibility of using the known information about the mode of action of artemether in Plasmodium to identify the molecular target of the drug in Schistosoma and provide evidence that artemether binds to SmSERCA, a putative Ca²⁺-ATPase of Schistosoma . We also predict the putative binding mode of the molecule for both its Plasmodium and Schistosoma targets. Our analysis of the mode of binding of artemether to Ca²⁺-ATPases also provides an explanation for the apparent paradox that, although the molecule has no side effect in humans, it has been shown to possess antitumoral activity.
Beneficial Use of Dredge Materials for Soil Reconstruction and Development of Dredge Screening Protocols

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Upland placement of dredge sediments has the potential to provide beneficial reuse of suitable sediments for agricultural uses or urban soil reconstruction. However, the use of many dredge materials is limited by contaminants, and most established screening protocols focus on limiting major contaminants such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and generally ignore fundamental agronomic parameters. Since 2001, we have placed over 450,000 m of Potomac River fresh water dredge materials and 250,000 m of saline materials from various locations into monitored confined upland facilities in Charles City, VA, and documented their conversion to agricultural uses. Groundwater and soil quality monitoring has indicated no adverse effects from material placement and outstanding agricultural productivity for the freshwater materials. Once placed, saline materials rapidly leach and ripen with quick declines in pH, electrical conductivity, and sodicity, but potentials for local groundwater impacts must be considered. Our experience to date indicates that the most important primary screening parameter is acid-base accounting (potential acidity or lime demand), which should become a mandatory analytical requirement. Our second level of acceptance screening is based on a combination of federal and state residual waste and soil screening standards and basic agronomic principles. High silt+clay and total organic C may also limit rapid use of many dredge materials due to extended dewatering times and physical limitations. This dredge material screening system separates potential upland placement candidates into three soil quality management categories (unsuitable, suitable, and clean fill) with differing monitoring requirements. Similar use of these sediments in urban soil reconstruction is also recommended.
GOVERNMENT FINANCING, MANAGED CARE, AND SERVICESINTEGRATION: THE ADAPTATION AND EVOLUTION OF A MENTALHEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses the process of adaptation, by a local mental health delivery network, of a system of managed care imposed by the state. The state of Arizona has allocated funds for mental health services to a series of Regional Behavioral Health Authorities (RBHAs), using an at-risk, managed care system of funding. In late 1995, the RBHA in Tucson/Pima County was awarded the state's contract and adopted a system of subcontracting out to four at-risk provider agencies. Our study tracks the evolution of this system of state government contracting and local sub-contracting. Specifically, weexamine the impact of a system of financial risk imposed by the state on the integrationof services among and across the networks established by the four at-risk providers andthe performance of these providers. Data were collected in early 1996 and again in 1999-2000, allowing longitudinal analysis of the service delivery network as the system of managed care evolved. Our discussion builds on concepts from institutional theory and the new public management to help explain the impact of the state on the localorganization of services.