jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of 4,4'-(Isopropylidenedithio)bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol) (DH-581) on Experimental Atherosclerosis in Rabbits

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SummaryThe influence of orally administered 4,4'-(isopropylidenedithio)bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol) (DH-581) on the development of cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits has been investigated. When fed at a level of 0.3% to rabbits who are also being given a diet augmented with 2% cholesterol and 6% corn oil, DH-581 does not affect the course of the cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis. At this dietary level, however, DH-581 did cause reductions in liver triglycerides. When administered at a level of 1% of the atherogenic diet, DH-581 significantly lowers the severity of atheromata in the arch (p)<.05) and thoracic aorta (p<.01) of rabbits.These rabbits also showed consistently lower serum cholesterol and liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Serum triglyceride levels were variable.
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in a 40 Year-Old Man with Cystic Fibrosis: Coincidence or Not?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: We report a case of esophageal cancer in an adult patient with cystic fibrosis (CF) and review the relationship between these two diseases. A 40 year-old man with CF presented with massive upper GI bleeding. Endoscopy revealed innumerable masses in the distal esophagus. Workup revealed esophageal adenocarcinoma metastatic to liver and lungs. He survived the hospitalization, was discharged home with hospice care and died less than a month later. In the GI tract of patients with CF, abnormally viscous secretions potentiate intestinal inflammation by causing a delay in the transit of food and bacteria. High concentrations of bile acids in biliary secretions also contribute to chronic inflammation, and bicarbonate-poor pancreatic secretions fail to provide adequate buffering against gastric acid. GERD is more prevalent in patients with CF than in the general population, though CF patients may experience fewer symptoms. Potential mechanisms for the increase in GERD include frequent and forceful coughing with alteration of the thoracoabdominal pressure gradient, abnormal basal lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone and inappropriate relaxation of the LES. Non-acid reflux may also contribute to chronic mucosal injury in patients with CF. Duodenogastric bile reflux is thought to augment acid-mediated damage to the esophageal mucosa and is associated with more severe GERD and Barrett's esophagus (BE). While BE is known to be a pre-cancerous condition, its incidence is not well-defined in CF. It is well-documented, though, that patients with CF are at greater risk of developing GI malignancies, including esophageal adenocarcinoma. Retrospective analyses have demonstrated that the risk of digestive tract cancer is 5-7 times higher in patients with CF than in the general population. The average age at diagnosis of GI malignancy for CF patients is 26 years younger than in the general population. There is a growing number of reports of GI and liver malignancies in adults with CF but no recent studies have validated this risk. Cystic fibrosis causes impairment of innate mucosal protective barriers in the GI tract. There is evidence that the incidence of both GERD and GI malignancies is higher in patients with CF. Patients with CF now survive long enough to experience more consequences of long-term acid exposure. However, there is not enough data on the prevalence of BE in patients with CF to prove that the two are linked together by chronic mucosal inflammation. Further studies are needed determine whether cystic fibrosis is an independent risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma and whether endoscopic screening of adult CF patients would ultimately decrease this risk.
Felodipine Inhibits Intimal Lesion Formation in the Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit: Differential Effects on Endothelial and Monocyte Determinants of Atherogenesis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine if the calcium entry antagonist felodipine inhibited intimal lesion formation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, and to determine if this was due to an effect upon monocyte and/or endothelial determinants of this interaction. Twenty-three male New Zealand White rabbits received the following treatment regimen for 10 weeks: normal chow (NP, n = 3); normal chow with felodipine infusion (NF, n=6); 0.5% cholesterol chow (CP, n = 7); or 0.5% cholesterol chow and felodipine infusion (CF, n=7). After 10 weeks blood was collected for biochemical measurements and mononuclear cell binding assays, and thoracic aortae were harvested for vascular reactivity studies and histomorphometry. In the animals receiving normal chow, felodipine did not significantly affect blood pressure, plasma cholesterol levels, binding studies, vascular reactivity, or structure; therefore these animals were analyzed as one group (N). Plasma cholesterol levels were significantly elevated in groups receiving the 0.5% cholesterol diet (N, 29±3 mg/dl; CP, 1221±73 mg/dl; CF, 979±108 mg/dl). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not different between the groups (25±4 vs 23±4 vs 27±4 mg/dl; N vs CF vs CP respectively; p=NS). Cholesterol feeding markedly augmented the adhesiveness of mononuclear cells, as demonstrated by a 250% increase in cell binding. Felodipine did not alter the adhesiveness of mononuclear cells in hypercholesterolemic animals. Cholesterol feeding significantly impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations. Endothelium-dependent relaxations were restored by felodipine treatment as reflected by the maximal responses to acetylcholine (40±7% vs 58±4% vs 67±5%; CP vs CF vs N respectively). The improvement in endothelium-dependent relaxation in the felodipine-treated animals was associated with a 2.2-fold reduction in lesion surface area of the thoracic aorta (8.2±6.3% vs 18.2±9.5%; CF vs CP; p<0.01). Moreover, the intima/media ratio reflecting lesion thickness was substantially reduced by felodipine treatment (0.05±0.02 vs 0.20±0.07; CF vs CP; p=0.006). Ex vivo studies revealed that felodipine inhibited the adhesiveness of vascular endothelium, but not mononuclear cells, derived from hypercholesterolemic animals. Low-dose felodipine appears to inhibit monocyte-endothelial interaction, as indicated by a reduction in the formation of lesions in hypercholesterolemic animals. This effect is not due to an alteration in adhesiveness of mononuclear cells. The salutary effect of felodipine is associated with an increase in vascular nitric oxide activity which may reduce endothelial adhesiveness.
MANAGING RISKS IN LOGISTICS USING FMEA-DEA APPROACH

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This monograph appears as a result of our intention to extend the scope of LOGIC conference by promoting specific logistics related topics in an more dedicated and comprehensive way. The book is devoted to quantitative methods which are, without any doubt, essential for both logistics an logisticians. It is well known that this fact is even stated in ancient Greek root of the word logistics ‐ logistikos means skilled in calculation. The monograph presents different quantitative methods and approaches covering mathematical programming methods, DEA, heuristics and metaheuristics approaches, big data analytics, elements of possibility theory, multicriteria decision making, etc. Those methods and techniques cover different problem areas: location problems, vehicle routing, supply chain management, freight transportation, intermodality, reverse logistics, risk in transportation, logistic systems performances, energy consumption, and other related areas. Those topics are organized in 11 chapters which include numerous tables and illustrations. Although concise, the monograph, in our opinion, gives broad range of information from different areas and therefore we do believe that could be beneficial to those who need to widen their perspective on quantitative methods and its potentials for application in logistics. Selected chapters cover the most relevant methods, techniques and approaches which are of particular importance for logistics systems planning, control and analysis. Hence, we do hope that the monograph could be of interests not only to academic community but also to industry professionals. To academic community as useful source of information both through the chapters content itself and through the included lists of references, while for industry professionals as a potential source of ideas which could help in enhancing their excellence and innovations potentials. UDC: 621.8 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, 2020 ISBN: 978-86-7395-411-0 (print) ISBNe: 978-86-7395-419-6
Text Mining and Sentiment Analysis for Mobile Banking Service Quality Measurement: A Cross-Sectional Study of Turkish Private Banks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study proposes a methodological framework for measuring mobile banking service quality through text mining of customer-generated content. The research employs sentiment analysis techniques to evaluate service quality dimensions across three prominent Turkish private banks based on 9,547 Google Play Store reviews. Following a systematic preprocessing protocol, reviews underwent sentiment classification using a Naive Bayes algorithm, achieving 87.3% accuracy. The analysis revealed distinct patterns across five service quality dimensions: Practicality emerged as the strongest dimension (mean score: 0.75), while Sociality demonstrated the most significant deficiency (mean score: 0.32). Statistical comparison identified significant inter-bank differences, with İşCep demonstrating superior overall performance (0.67), followed by Garanti BBVA (0.65) and TEB (0.58). Network analysis of keyword co-occurrences illuminated the semantic structure of customer discourse, revealing distinctive terminological communities within dimensional frameworks. The methodology transcends traditional survey-based approaches by providing continuous, scalable quality assessment derived from authentic customer expressions. Moreover, the integration of dimensional analysis with complaint pattern identification establishes clear priorities for service enhancement initiatives. This research advances both the theoretical understanding of mobile banking service quality dimensions and the practical implementation of computational text analysis in service quality measurement frameworks.
Geology of the Tour de France: taking a sports audience by surprise

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Every year, tens of millions of cycling enthusiasts watch and read about the Tour de France, one of the largest sports events of the year. For hours on end, they wait in anticipation of the climax of the race, and these hours are filled by commentators and journalists with background information about riders, the course, history, cuisine, culture and architecture. Little do they realize that every day the peloton is actually setting out on a beautiful excursion through what is one of the most geologically and geographically diverse regions in the world. The Geo‐Sports project provides journalists, readers, and viewers with accessible excursion guides, in written and video format, on websites and social media. In this article, we explain the rationale and background of the project, and we hope you will join us in lifting the veil to expose the beauty of the natural world and its role in our society.
Evaluation of the modes effectiveness of concomitant vibration processing of the AMg6 alloy welded joints

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

At present, vibration treatment combined with the arc welding process is used for responsible welded structures with strict requirements for dimensional stability and mass. Vibration processing mode was set by amplitude and frequency. The efficiency of combined vibration treatment was estimated by the level of reduction of residual stresses and residual deformations of welded joints of AMg6 alloy. The region of optimal regimes is found.
Adenylate cyclase A acting on PKA mediates induction of stalk formation by cyclic diguanylate at the Dictyostelium organizer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance Organizers are small groups of cells in developing embryos that secrete signals to control behaviors such as cell differentiation or cell movement of larger groups. In Dictyostelia, the apical tip is the site where differentiation of the fruiting body stalk initiates. The cause of tip-specific stalk formation has been unclear, but we show here that the more widely produced stalk-inducing signal cyclic diguanylate activates cAMP synthesis by adenylate cyclase A, which is specifically expressed at the apical tip. cAMP next activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which then triggers stalk differentiation.
Development of technique for air coating and nickel and copper metalization of solar cells

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Solar cells were made with a variety of base metal screen printing inks applied over silicon nitride AR coating and copper electroplated. Fritted and fritless nickel and fritless tin base printing inks were evaluated. Conversion efficiencies as high as 9% were observed with fritted nickel ink contacts, however, curve shapes were generally poor, reflecting high series resistance. Problems encountered in addition to high series reistance included loss of adhesion of the nickel contacts during plating and poor adhesion, oxidation and inferior curve shapes with the tin base contacts.
[Liver dye metabolism and constitutional indocyanine green retention syndrome in Japan (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Some recent studies from Japan on liver dye metabolism are presented. Special attention has been given to 17 cases of constitutional indocyamine green retention syndrome. This syndrome consists of marked ICG-retention and normal BSP excretion. Other liver function tests such as enzymes or serum fractions are normal. In liver biopsy specimens there are no significant abnormal findings. The cause of the syndrome is still unknown but disturbance of passage through the membrane is considered. So far, this syndrome has only been noted in Japan.
Endotoxin Contamination of Single-Use Sterile Surgical Gloves

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Strict endotoxin limits are enforced for implants and catheters inserted into the body. However, no standard limit has been set for single-use sterile surgical gloves. Materials & methods: Four types of gloves sold in Japan were dipped in saline and that endotoxin levels were measured. Cytokine producing activity of gloves in blood was also measured. Results: Three of the four types of gloves showed endotoxin contamination. We also confirmed an increase in cytokine production in these gloves except one glove in which anionic surfactants was found. Conclusion: The extent to which detected endotoxins enter the body during surgery is controversial, but strict endotoxin limits need to be established.
Geography in Fifteenth-Century Florence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The study of the Geography stimulated a new interest in cartography which in time resulted in decisive cartographic reforms. Geography-minded Florentines found themselves suddenly facing a microcosmic mirror of the known world, aided by an expert interpretation of a body of ancient geographic knowledge and theory that had until then been unknown to them. Several elements predestined the Council of Florence to become the natural setting for a final synthesis of Florentine geographic thought. The council itself had been moved from Ferrara to Florence at Cosimo Medici's invitation, mainly for the purpose of raising the international prestige of Florence. Modern Renaissance specialists have wondered whether the recovery of the vital classical work could really have had no effect upon the thinking of the explorers. The whole idea that the fifteenth-century Renaissance evolved in a climate of pure aesthetic delight, inhospitable to the rise of science, has come in for serious challenge.
Constructing a Framework for Criminal Justice Research: Learning from Packer's Mistakes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the framework which Herbert Packer devised for analyzing the criminal justice process. Warning against an indiscriminate use of the word "model"—something which Packer introduced, which critics of his work have perpetuated, and which today is commonplace in criminal justice research—it distinguishes three distinct tools which researchers might employ—strong ideal types, weak ideal types and non-ideal types—and underscores the importance of drawing a sharp distinction between empirical work and evaluative work. Exposing other fundamental flaws in Packer's framework, the article also abstracts two other general lessons for criminal justice research: (1) arguing that a one-dimensional framework like Packer's is insufficient, it advances the normative claim that a multidimensional framework is needed; and (2) it shows that Packer's simplistic approach to the analysis of values is ultimately inadequate. So as well as constructing a number of tools which may be used by criminal justice researchers, and offering examples of how they might be employed, the article establishes the general contours of a framework for criminal justice research.
‘What will the lawyers say?’: Australian newsroom perspectives on journalism ethics and naming criminal suspects in a digital world

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines journalism ethics and identifying criminal suspects in Australian news coverage. This study builds off our previous research, which established that naming is so commonplace, it is occurring on a daily basis in the state of Victoria, even in cases with little public interest justification. A survey of 410 Australian news media professionals, as well as twelve semi-structured interviews, found journalists believe naming is an ethical decision, but it is not high on their agenda with naming treated as their default position. Media lawyers play a key role in newsroom naming practices with the legal strongly influencing what is deemed ethical. These findings are significant because it is the first empirical data from Australia and the findings are in stark contrast with news reporting practices in other countries. This article argues for stronger ethical guidelines in a digital news media environment where naming is now global and forever.
Public Law as Political Jurisprudence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The main theme of this chapter is to suggest that the nature of public law is best explained by examining the conditions of its formation. This type of exercise reveals that public law is a modern concept which is formed by reworking the medieval idea of natural law in the context of the emergence of the modern idea of the sovereign state. In this chapter, the nature of the subject is explored through analysis of the writings of Bodin, Pufendorf, and Rousseau. The objective is to show not only that public law is a broader concept than positive law but that it also has an ambiguous character. These ambiguities permeate modern public law thought and leave it with a polarized consciousness.
The Indonesian Government Participation in International Investment Law and Its Reform

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

International investment between countries is aimed at improving economic development of the state parties and its integration to the world economy. To attract foreign investors, the Government of Indonesia provides investment guarantees through BITs and domestic investment laws. However, in its implementation, those guarantees brought several disputes between Indonesian government and its foreign investors. Moreover, the BIT also shows an imbalance in the position between Indonesia as the host country and its foreign investors which affects the host state’s sovereignty. Reforms must be carried out in this area of law to strike a balance between the protection of foreign investors and the sovereignty of the host state. In addition, reforms in BIT must also be able to provide an equilibrium between economic improvement, human rights, and environmental sustainability. This article describes the participation of the Indonesian government in international investment law and the reforms that must be undertaken in the field of investment law, both at the domestic and international levels.
Eosinophils Are a Major Source of Nitric Oxide-Derived Oxidants in Severe Asthma: Characterization of Pathways Available to Eosinophils for Generating Reactive Nitrogen Species

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Eosinophil recruitment and enhanced production of NO are characteristic features of asthma. However, neither the ability of eosinophils to generate NO-derived oxidants nor their role in nitration of targets during asthma is established. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry we demonstrate a 10-fold increase in 3-nitrotyrosine (NO2Y) content, a global marker of protein modification by reactive nitrogen species, in proteins recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage of severe asthmatic patients (480 ± 198 μmol/mol tyrosine; n = 11) compared with nonasthmatic subjects (52.5 ± 40.7 μmol/mol tyrosine; n = 12). Parallel gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage proteins for 3-bromotyrosine (BrY) and 3-chlorotyrosine (ClY), selective markers of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO)- and myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation, respectively, demonstrated a dramatic preferential formation of BrY in asthmatic (1093 ± 457 μmol BrY/mol tyrosine; 161 ± 88 μmol ClY/mol tyrosine; n = 11 each) compared with nonasthmatic subjects (13 ± 14.5 μmol BrY/mol tyrosine; 65 ± 69 μmol ClY/mol tyrosine; n = 12 each). Bronchial tissue from individuals who died of asthma demonstrated the most intense anti-NO2Y immunostaining in epitopes that colocalized with eosinophils. Although eosinophils from normal subjects failed to generate detectable levels of NO, NO2−, NO3−, or NO2Y, tyrosine nitration was promoted by eosinophils activated either in the presence of physiological levels of NO2− or an exogenous NO source. At low, but not high (e.g., &gt;2 μM/min), rates of NO flux, EPO inhibitors and catalase markedly attenuated aromatic nitration. These results identify eosinophils as a major source of oxidants during asthma. They also demonstrate that eosinophils use distinct mechanisms for generating NO-derived oxidants and identify EPO as an enzymatic source of nitrating intermediates in eosinophils.
Machine learning method using camera image patterns for predictions of particulate matter concentrations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A machine learning technique using image patterns has been proposed to predict the concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 μm (PM10) originating from on-road vehicles. The analysis process included measurements of PM10 concentrations, image data collection on vehicle transportation patterns and convolutional neural network (CNN). Preprocessing procedures involving high-pass filtering were used to remove the outliers from the measured concentrations of PM10, and multi-neuron components were modeled by connecting the estimated neuron functions. Finally, PM10 concentrations generated from vehicles were predicted through decisions from neural network modeling made in correspondence with the imagery data on estimated vehicles. Machine learning was performed by the classification of four types of images and the results showed good agreement with measurements for the cases of usage in the image patterns of vehicles. Machine learning applied to images of camera photography in this study was designed specifically for the prediction of PM10 concentrations. The findings showed that the proposed method can be used to estimate the real-time contributions of PM10 by vehicles near a road through connection with traffic information from a closed circuit television (CCTV).