jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intra-abdominal Candida spp infection in acute abdomen in a quality assurance (QA)-certified academic setting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims To evaluate the contribution of light microscopy to detecting Candida spp infection in patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) admitted for acute abdomen to a quality assurance (QA)-certified surgical emergency ward. Methods We conducted a retrospective study (2008–2012) of 809 abdominal intraoperative or biopsy tissue specimens obtained from patients admitted with acute abdomen and microbiological samples positive for Candida spp. Demographic data, mortality, comorbidities, specimen type, microscopy results, special histological staining performed, antimicrobial therapy were collected and analysed. Any comments at the multidisciplinary team meeting was recorded in minutes of and approved. Results Sixty-six patients with complicated IAIs due to Candida spp were identified (39 male, 27 female, mean±SD age 75±20 years). Candida albicans was isolated in 35 cases and Candida non-albicans spp in 31 cases. Candida spp were isolated from blood in 50% of all selected microbiological specimens. Patients were stratified according to Candida spp (albicans vs non-albicans) , underlying cancer disease and no previous antimicrobial administration, and a positive correlation with C. albicans isolation was found (p=0.009 and p=0.048, respectively). Out of 41 cases with microscopic evaluation, we identified yeast forms, pseudohyphae or both, indicative of Candida spp, in 23. Identification of Candida spp in histological specimens was higher in C. albicans cases than in C. non-albicans cases (73% vs 37.5%). Microscopy allowed prompt treatment of all patients. Conclusions Light microscopy still has great diagnostic significance, being a solid QA step. It provides rapid information and clues in patients who may harbour impaired defence mechanisms, concurrent chronic conditions and/or cancer.
Comparative effects of piperine and simvastatin in fat accumulation and antioxidative status in high fat-induced hyperlipidemic rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study investigated the comparative effects of piperine (PIP) — the active ingredient of black and long peppers — and simvastatin (SIM) on hepatic steatosis in hyperlipidemic rats. Male Wistar rats were fed a cholesterol mixture daily by intragastric gavage for 8 weeks. Piperine was given by oral gavage 8 h after cholesterol feeding. The animals were divided into 4 groups: control, high fat (HF), high fat plus 40 mg PIP/kg, and high fat plus 2 mg SIM/kg. At the end of the treatment, liver cholesterol, triglyceride, thiobaribituric reacting substances, superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum aminotransferase (AST), and alanine transferase (ALT) were measured. The result demonstrated that PIP and SIM significantly reduced the accumulation of cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipid peroxidation in the liver, while elevation of SOD was observed. The activities of AST and ALT significantly decreased in PIP when compared with the HF group. Our in vitro study of pancreatic lipase also showed the inhibitory effect of PIP higher than 30% at 5 mmol/L. These results demonstrate that PIP has beneficial effects in the treatment and (or) prevention of fat accumulation in the liver and that this mechanism is due to the inhibition of pancreatic lipase and the improvement of oxidative status.
Economic Performance of Different IFS Components under Different Conditions of North Eastern Transition Zone of Karnataka

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Traditional farming system used by farmers in India are based on centuries of experience characterized by mixed farming involving crop production with one or more enterprises like dairy, poultry, sericulture, piggery, sheep, goat, fisheries and bee-keeping. The main aims were to achieve stability of production, provide subsistence for the family and guard against weather aberrations and other environmental stresses. In recent years, farming system gave scientific touch to the existing practices and found ways and means to make it sustainable in changing global scenario. To explore the components in farming system the study was undertaken in North Eastern Transition Zone of Karnataka, to know the different economic performance of different components followed by IFS farmers. The list of farmers practicing IFS has been prepared and categorized into dryland and irrigated conditions based on discussion with field facilitators, Agriculture officers and Horticulture officers. There are around 180 farmers practicing integrated farming system were selected randomly, of which 90 farmers comes under dryland and 90 farmers under irrigated condition. The findings under dryland condition shows that, yield of jowar was 12.25 q/ha and returns per rupee of investment was 1.28, whereas yield of soyabean was 12 q/ha and returns per rupee of investment was 1.15 followed by redgram (11.25 q/ha and 1.74) and greengram (11 q/ha and 1.63). The findings under irrigation condition show that, the yield of flower crops was 82.50 q/ha and returns per rupee of investment was 2.52 followed by papaya (1655 q/ha and 2.23), banana (1450 q/ha and 2.25) and mango (542.5 q/ha and 2.13) respectively.
Oesophageal complications in epidermolysis bullosa.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We have shown previously that stimulation of heterologously expressed P2Y1 nucleotide receptors inhibits M-type K+ currents in sympathetic neurons. We now report that activation of endogenous P2Y1 receptors induces inhibition of the M-current in rat CA1/CA3 hippocampal pyramidal cells in primary neuron cultures. The P2Y1 agonist adenosine 5′-[β-thio]diphosphate trilithium salt (ADPβS) inhibited M-current by up to 52% with an IC50 of 84 nm. The hydrolyzable agonist ADP (10 μm) produced 32% inhibition, whereas the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1/5 agonist DHPG [(S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine] (10 μm) inhibited M-current by 44%. The M-channel blocker XE991 [10,10-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone dihydrochloride] produced 73% inhibition at 3 μm; neither ADPβS nor ADP produced additional inhibition in the presence of XE991. The effect of ADPβS was prevented by a specific P2Y1 antagonist, MRS 2179 (2′-deoxy-N′-methyladenosine-3′,5′-bisphosphate tetra-ammonium salt) (30 μm). Inhibition of the M-current by ADPβS was accompanied by increased neuronal firing in response to injected current pulses. The neurons responding to ADPβS were judged to be pyramidal cells on the basis of (1) morphology, (2) firing characteristics, and (3) their distinctive staining for the pyramidal cell marker neurogranin. Strong immunostaining for P2Y1 receptors was shown in most cells in these cultures: 74% of the cells were positive for both P2Y1 and neurogranin, whereas 16% were only P2Y1 positive. These results show the presence of functional M-current-inhibitory P2Y1 receptors on hippocampal pyramidal neurons, as predicted from their effects when expressed in sympathetic neurons. However, the mechanism of inhibition in the two cell types seems to differ because, unlike nucleotide-mediated M-current inhibition in sympathetic neurons, that in hippocampal neurons did not appear to result from raised intracellular calcium
A Psychological Profile of Elite Polish Short Track Athletes: An Analysis of Temperamental Traits and Impulsiveness

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine the temperament and impulsiveness profile of short track athletes. Professional athletes (juniors and seniors), under training in the Polish National Team (Nfemale = 21, Nmale = 19, Mage = 20), completed The Temperament and Character Inventory- Revised (TCI-R (56)) and a shortened version of the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation-Seeking, Positive Urgency, Impulsive Behavior Scale (S-UPPS-P). The results proved that skaters obtain higher scores than the general population on the temperamental scales i.e., persistence, harm avoidance and novelty seeking and impulsivity scales i.e., sensation seeking and positive urgency. After the cluster analysis, two homogeneous profiles of short track athletes were determined. The first profile includes athletes with high scores on the reward dependence, persistence, self-directedness, cooperativeness, temperamental and sensation-seeking impulsiveness scales coupled with low scores on the temperamental scale, harm avoidance and impulsiveness scales: positive urgency, negative urgency and the lack of perseverance. The second profile is the reverse of the first profile for the short track athletes.
Natural Products and Their Neuroprotective Effects in Degenerative Brain Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

As the global population ages, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s is rapidly rising. These diseases present a significant public health challenge, as they severely impair cognitive and motor functions, ultimately leading to a substantial reduction in quality of life and placing a heavy burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Although several therapeutic agents have been developed to manage the symptoms of these diseases, their effectiveness is often limited, and there remains an urgent need for preventive strategies. Growing evidence indicates that bioactive compounds from natural products possess neuroprotective properties through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, modulating key pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor–tropomyosin receptor kinase B–cAMP response element-binding protein (BDNF-TrkB-CREB), which are crucial for neuronal survival. These compounds may also reduce amyloid-beta and tau pathology, as well as enhance cholinergic neurotransmission by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity. By targeting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration, natural products offer a promising approach for both prevention and treatment. These findings suggest that natural products may be promising for preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to explore the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, the limitations of current therapies, and the potential role of natural products as therapeutic agents.
Faith-Based Organizing—A Justice Ministry: A Strategy for Ministry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract First, this article challenges some of the assumptions about churches and charity, and secondly it offers an alternative vision for church. Along the way, the article draws on the work of notable scholars in the fields of faith-based and community organizing, and discusses some prominent case-studies. In short, the article argues that justice ministry is an essential strategy towards building a healthy church congregation.
Testosterone at your fingertips: Digit ratios (2D:4D and rel2) as predictors of courtship‐related consumption intended to acquire and retain mates

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract While hormones have been shown to impact a wide range of behaviors, little is known regarding their influence on consumer behavior. The current research examines the association between digit ratios and courtship‐related consumption. Digit ratios (2D:4D and rel 2) are indicators of prenatal testosterone exposure and are assessed by measuring finger length. In Study 1, masculinized digit ratios (low digit ratios, high prenatal testosterone) in men were associated with greater courtship‐related consumption to acquire mates, and this association was stronger for men with high mating confidence. In women, feminized digit ratios (high digit ratios, low prenatal testosterone) were associated with greater courtship‐related consumption to acquire mates. In Study 2, men with masculinized digit ratios engaged in greater courtship‐related consumption by offering romantic gifts as a means of retaining mates. In women, feminized digit ratios were associated with greater romantic gift giving. Our findings suggest that high prenatal testosterone in men leads to greater courtship‐related consumption, whereas low prenatal testosterone leads to greater courtship‐related consumption in women.
Towards transparent distributed execution in the Tornado framework

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Tornado is a new advanced kernel for modelling and virtual experimentation (i.e., any evaluation of a model) in the water quality domain. Although primarily intended for use within this particular domain, the kernel is generic in nature and has a plethora of generally applicable features. Tornado often deals with elaborate models and many of its virtual experiment types are computationally intensive. In order to alleviate the computational burden, there is a strong need for distributed execution. However, since Tornado has a heterogeneous user community consisting of both expert and non-expert users, the distributed execution process should preferably be as transparent as possible. This article focuses on the initial steps that were taken along the road to transparent distributed execution. Main achievement so far is the ability to perform semi-automated distributed execution of workload on the Typhoon cluster and LCG-2 grid infrastructures. Our approach is based on the generation of generic job descriptions and has been shown to offer sufficient transparancy for non-expert users in the scope of a Monte Carlo simulation project that was run on a 16-node Typhoon / 40-node LCG-2 setup. 1
EUS-guided Core Biopsy Improves Diagnostic Accuracy in the Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal subepithelial tumors of the digestive tract. These lesions are stratified by mitotic index and diagnosed by immunohistochemical staining. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) permits the physician to precisely identify the submucosal lesion and direct tissue acquisition for appropriate pathologic evaluation. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) is employed for tissue acquisition and analysis with a reported diagnostic accuracy of 60-90% with a false positive rate of 5-7%. FNA is limited by the inability to aspirate cellular elements. GISTs are diagnosed by immunohistochemical staining which may be better diagnosed by evaluating cellular elements that are not always obtained by FNA. Recently, a novel EUS histology needle (FNB) was developed to obtain histologic core specimens. This study represents a secondary analysis comparing the diagnostic accuracy of EUS guided FNA and FNB on samples procured from the same patient for the evaluation of GIST lesions. Methods: This study retrospectively evaluates the eight GIST lesions identified in our larger prospectively compiled database of 75 patients referred for EUS evaluation of upper GI lesions. The Cook and Boston Scientific FNA (22 g or 25 g) and Echotip ProCore Cook Medical FNB needle (19 g or 22 g) were used by experienced endosonographers. Tissue was obtained using both the FNA and FNB needle on the same lesion. The sample acquisition technique, needle gauge and number of passes were determined at the discretion of the physician. On-site cytopathology was not available for sample evaluation. Eight of the lesions were identified as GISTs and further analyzed. Results: The patients had an average age of 73 years (60-87) and were mainly female (88%), black (75%) without any patient or technical complications. The average lesion size was 2.6 cm in its largest diameter and half were located in the gastric fundus and half in the gastric body. The average number of needle passes was greater for the FNA (4) than the FNB (2). Sample adequacy was greater for the FNB needle (88% vs 75%) as was the diagnostic yield (86% vs 71%). Sensitivity values were comparable for both FNA (83%) and FNB (86%). Conclusion: GIST lesions are often better diagnosed using immunohistochemical staining. The novel FNB needle provides the ability to extrude cellular elements necessary to assist the diagnosis of GISTs. This study demonstrates an increase in sample adequacy and diagnostic yield for GIST tumor analysis when the FNB needle is utilized, without compromising the sensitivity of the evaluation. This study is limited by its small number of cases and further studies are needed.Table: Table. Lesion characteristicsTable: Table. Outcome measures
A SHOT NOISE MODEL FOR FINANCIAL ASSETS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article we propose and study a model for stock prices which allows for shot-noise effects. This means that abrupt changes caused by jumps may fade away as time goes by. This model is incomplete. We derive the minimal martingale measure in discrete and continuous time and discuss the associated hedging strategy. Finally, a simulation study is included to show that our model is able to produce smile effects.
Coxofemoral dislocations

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Extract Sir,—The article by A. N. Bruere on “The Treatment of Coxofemoral Dislocations in the Dog” (N Z. vct. J., 9 : 70) is of great interest. I myself find that the easiest way to diagnose dislocation of this joint in the dog is to palpate the gap between the trochanter major and tuber ischii on each side and compare the two. This is done preferably in the standing position but may also be done in laterat recumbency.
A study of the review of the pattern of happiness in the teachings of the religion of Islam and psychological approaches

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Happiness is now considered a key criterion for diagnosing mental health. Happiness is one of the most important psychological needs of human beings, as well as a factor for growth and success, and has always been considered due to its major impact on people's lives. He sought to see how he could live better, what would satisfy him most, and with what mechanisms he could enjoy life in this world (Dickey, 1999).Psychological sciences, as one of the main branches of humanities, can be effective if it can answer the basic questions related to the psychological issues of the people of our country with cultural and indigenous theories and in cultural, spiritual and psychological development. The people of this region are efficient and effective. The psychological problems of the people cannot be studied apart from the cultural issues, the economic and political situation, their religious beliefs. Given that the localization of psychological and behavioral sciences is one of the important principles in the field of science and knowledge, the author of this article wants to review the basics of happiness in the teachings of Islam and psychological approaches.
BOOK REVIEWS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sukopp, H. & Hejny, S. (eds.) & Kowarik, I. (co‐ed). 1990. Urban Ecology. Plants and Plant Communities in Urban Environments. Short reviews Holten, J. I. (ed.) 1990. Effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. Höner, D. 1991. Mehrjáhrige Beobachtungen kleiner Vegetationsfláchen im Raume von Karpathos (Nomos Dhodhekanisou, Griechenland).
Transepidermal Water Loss Measurements for Assessing Skin Barrier Functions During In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption Studies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the course of performing in vitro percutaneous absorption studies, it is important to ensure the integrity of the stratum corneum. In vitro assessment of the permeability of chemicals is often preceded by studying the rate of penetration of tritiated water (1,2). However, this technique has several limitations. For example, it results in hydrated stratum corneum, possibly affecting the penetration of the compound under investigation. This method cannot be used if the test compound is tritium labeled. In addition, it is time-consuming and requires a license and facilities to handle radioactive materials. In practice, the repetitive measurement of tritiated water in laboratories is accomplished by determining the fraction of the dose applied absorbed at a fixed time. Selection of that fixed time is difficult without a priori knowledge of the permeability, and improper selection can lead to an erroneous assessment of the barrier properties of skin. Recently an alternate technique, which measures the electrical resistance across the skin slices, has also been proposed for this purpose (3). Based on the initial results, this technique appears to have some advantages, but more studies are required to validate it.
Mid-21st century anthropogenic changes in extreme precipitation and snowpack projections over Newfoundland

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Extreme precipitation events, including probable maximum precipitation (PMP) and probable maximum snow accumulation (PMSA) and 1/100 annual exceedance probability (AEP) values for precipitation (P100) and snow accumulation (expressed in snow water equivalent; SWE100) were analyzed over Newfoundland to compute the projected changes from 1971–2000 to 2041–2070. PMP and PMSA of various storm durations were simulated based on the moisture maximization of high efficiency storms. Also, P100 and SWE100 data were calculated based on the frequency analysis of liquid precipitation and snowpack data during each 30-year period. The required meteorological variables, including liquid and solid precipitation, precipitable water content, and snow accumulation, defined over a 50 × 50 km grid, were extracted from an ensemble of six regional climate model simulations provided by the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP). Projections indicated that while PMP and P100 are intensifying in the future period, PMSA and SWE100 are declining. This is the first study which quantifies the impact of climate change on extreme-value characteristics of precipitation in Newfoundland. The results of the study can help stakeholders throughout the province to gain a better understanding of the impact of global warming on extreme meteorological events. Such an understanding is prerequisite to build resiliency and understand the uncertainty related to standard probable maximum flood analysis in the region.
Pro-Patent Policy in the Knowledge-Based Economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In a knowledge-based economy, innovation plays a significant role in determining the level of economic growth and social welfare. Meanwhile, patent protection is a pivotal factor for research and development (R&D) incentives, and innovation performance depends on the degree of patent protection. Therefore, elucidating the mechanism for impact of patent protection on innovation; and hence economic growth is a crucial issue from the perspective of macroeconomic policy. Our research questions are twofold. (1) What conditions are necessary for patent protection to effectively promote innovation and economic growth? (2) Can strengthening patent protection enhance social welfare? This study addresses these problems using an expanding variety model of R&D-based endogenous growth. Our major findings are summarized as follows: If an economy satisfies conditions that the productivity in the final goods sector and labor force population are relatively large, while the patent duration elasticity of patent fee is relatively small, extending the patent duration fosters on the rate of innovation, the growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and the growth rate of livelihood-based public infrastructure. Moreover, strengthening patent protection by extending the duration of the patent right does not necessarily enhance social welfare. Furthermore, the patent duration that maximizes social welfare may be shorter than the patent duration that maximizes the growth rate of GDP per capita, the rate of innovation, or the growth rate of livelihood-based public infrastructure.