jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data-Parallel Momentum Diagonal Empirical Fisher (DP-MDEF):Adaptive Gradient Method is Affected by Hessian Approximation and Multi-Class Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although data-parallel learning can efficiently reduce training time, the accuracy becomes poor when the batch size is extremely large. Adam, a prominent adaptive gradient optimizer which uses second-order information, is known to have better convergence than SGD, but its performance in large batch training highly depends on actual problems and the reasons for this remain unclear. While attempting answer to this, we found there are two factors playing import roles: the estimation accuracy of Hessian and the number of classes in data. Aiming to improve the former one, we introduce a new method called data-parallel momentum diagonal empirical Fisher (DP-MDEF), which collects the variance of the gradients between parallel workers for gradient adaptation and obtains superior precision compared to Adam and Momentum-SGD in large batch training. To discuss the latter one, we found that when the number of classes in a data-set is large, the variances of gradients form a long-tailed distribution, in which case gradient adaptive methods give bad solutions.
A practical forwarding scheme for wireless relay channels based on the quantization of log-likelihood ratios

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers a wireless relay network with one source, one relay, and one destination. We propose a low-complexity quantize-and-forward (QF) scheme in which the relay calculates log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) for the code bits transmitted by the source and passes quantized versions of these LLRs on to the destination. The destination combines the LLRs from the source-destination link and the quantized LLRs from the source-relay link to obtain improved information bit estimates. We verify the usefulness of the proposed scheme via numerical simulations in block and fast fading.
Observation on Curative Effect of Compound Glycyrrhizin Injection in the Treatment of Neonatal Hepatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE:To observe the curative effect and safety of compound glycyrrhizin injection in the treatment of neonatal hepatitis syndrome(NHS).METHODS:68 neonates with NHS were randomly divided into treatment and control gro_up(n=34),undertaking intravenous administration of glycyrrhizin injection and shengmai injection respectively,both at a dose of 3ml/(kg·d) for 2 weeks consecutively.RESULTS:The liver function in the treatment group after treatment was significantly better than that in the control group(P0.001 or P0.01).The length of hospitalization for treatment and control group were(17.4±3.1)d and (19.7±3.5)d,respectively(P0.01),while the cure rates were 79.4% and 58.8%,respectively(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Glycyrrhizin injection is effective and safe in the treatment of neonatal hepatitis syndrome.
[OP.7C.10] IDENTIFICATION OF GENE VARIANTS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIHYPERTENSIVE RESPONSES TO BETA BLOCKERS AND LOSARTAN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: A genome-wide association study on Genetics of Drug Responsiveness in Essential Hypertension (GENRES) identified four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with blood pressure (BP) response to bisoprolol and three SNPs associated with BP response to losartan in Finnish men. Here we replicate these results using the Finnish subjects of the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study (LIFE). Design and method: The LIFE study subcohort included 927 men and women with hypertension that were randomized to atenolol (N = 467) or losartan (N = 460) based treatment. We analysed the BP response at the two months’ visit when the subjects were using a monotherapy with 50 mg of atenolol or 50 mg of losartan, or a combination therapy with 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide added to the monotherapy (approximately half of the subjects). The DNA samples were genotyped using Illumina HumanOmniExpress-12 BeadChip. We used an additive genetic model and linear regression with appropriate covariates to analyze the associations of the four bisoprolol-associated SNPs (GENRES) with BP responses to atenolol-based treatment (LIFE), and the three losartan-associated GENRES SNPs with BP responses to losartan in LIFE. Separate analysis was performed in men if SNP*sex interaction was significant (P < 0.05). Results: rs2514036 on chromosome 11 within the ACY3 gene was associated with systolic (beta = -5.5 mmHg, P = 0.005) and diastolic (beta = -1.9 mmHg, P = 0.05) BP responses to atenolol in men. The effect was in the same direction as the effect on bisoprolol response in GENRES. rs3814995 on chromosome 19 in the NPHS1 gene was associated with diastolic BP response to losartan (beta = -0.9 mmHg, P = 0.04), again with the same direction of effect. Conclusions: This replication study supports earlier findings that rs2514036 within the ACY3 gene is associated with BP response to beta blockers and that rs3814995 in NPHS1 gene coding for nephrin is associated with BP response to losartan. The findings suggest these SNPs could be used as genetic markers for selecting optimal antihypertensive therapy. The findings also encourage further research on the role of ACY3 and NPHS1 genes in the antihypertensive effect of beta blockers and losartan, respectively.
Distinguishing prostate cancer from prostate hyperplasia nodules using histograms based on amide proton transfer MRI and DWI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The diagnostic value of histograms based on 3D APT MRI and ADC in the central glandular region for the differentiation of prostate cancer and prostate hyperplastic nodules was evaluated in this study. The results showed that the 3D APT MRI and ADC histograms had better diagnostic efficacy in the central glandular region for the differentiation of prostate cancer and prostate hyperplastic nodules, but the diagnostic efficacy of the 3D APT.
The relationship between the level of debt specialization and financial constraint of Brazilian firms over the time

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This article sought to analyze the historical evolution, the composition, and the determinants of debt specialization of Brazilian firms traded on Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3) from 2004 to 2019 in aggregate terms and in accordance with their financial constraints. This paper differs from the few studies on this topic carried out in Brazil and in other countries by promoting a discussion on the specialization of the debt structure in a context of financial constraints, as they are a relevant idiosyncrasy of emerging markets, such as in Brazil. The relevance of the study is to identify that debt specialization is a feature of only of financially constrained firms and not of the financially unconstrained ones. The impact of the study lies in a better understanding of why Brazilian firms are reducing their debt specialization, unlike other international evidences, such as the U.S. Descriptive statistics and regressions were estimated using the probit and tobit methods for 246 Brazilian firms between 2004 and 2019. The main result is that financial constrained firms are more likely to specialize their debt structure. Despite this propensity, these companies were the ones that most decreased their debt specialization between 2004 and 2019 (-27.77%), compared to the general sample (-27.5%) and unconstrained firms (-19.48%), revealing a behavior contrary to the U.S. scenario in which companies are increasingly specialists.
Einführung: Imperiale Biographien. Lebenswege imperialer Akteure in Groß- und Kolonialreichen (1850 -1918)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article investigates the “biographical turn” in the recent historiographies of multi-ethnic and colonial empires and introduces the concept of “imperial biographies.” During their life courses and professional careers many imperial subjects lived or worked at various locations within an empire. Their biographies were imperial, for they were connected to the framework of the empire in a number of ways: Their professional careers were as much shaped by the basic structures of the empire in which they flourished as the empire marked the main point of reference for their mental horizon, their loyalties and notions of identity or self-perception. An analysis of imperial biographies - as those presented in the contributions of this volume - allows a new perspective on the interaction of the structural context of empires, the personal experience of the heterogeneity of imperial space and the individual’s attempts to make sense of one’s own place in the complex world of a multi-ethnic or colonial empire.
Probe selection for high-density oligonucleotide arrays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

High-density oligonucleotide microarrays enable simultaneous monitoring of expression levels of tens of thousands of transcripts. For accurate detection and quantitation of transcripts in the presence of cellular mRNA, it is essential to design microarrays whose oligonucleotide probes produce hybridization intensities that accurately reflect the concentration of original mRNA. We present a model-based approach that predicts optimal probes by using sequence and empirical information. We constructed a thermodynamic model for hybridization behavior and determined the influence of empirical factors on the effective fitting parameters. We designed Affymetrix GeneChip probe arrays that contained all 25-mer probes for hundreds of human and yeast transcripts and collected data over a 4,000-fold concentration range. Multiple linear regression models were built to predict hybridization intensities of each probe at given target concentrations, and each intensity profile is summarized by a probe response metric. We selected probe sets to represent each transcript that were optimized with respect to responsiveness, independence (degree to which probe sequences are nonoverlapping), and uniqueness (lack of similarity to sequences in the expressed genomic background). We show that this approach is capable of selecting probes with high sensitivity and specificity for high-density oligonucleotide arrays.
Mixture inventory model in fuzzy demand with controllable lead time

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The goal of this paper is to find the optimal order quantity and lead time simultaneously, and then minimizing the total inventory cost in fuzzy annual demand. In the past, most of the publications assume that the annual demand is deterministic. However, there are many uncertain factors in real world. Therefore, it can be described by fuzzy theory. In this study, we use the concept of fuzziness to join the mixture inventory system and construct the solution procedure to find the optimal order quantity and lead time. In the model, we use the signed distance, a ranking method for fuzzy numbers, to estimate the annual demand, and to derive the corresponding optimal solution. Numerical example is included to illustrate the procedures of the solution.
After Hospitalization

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The immediate post-hospitalization outcomes for elderly individuals who received home health services after discharge were compared with those who did not receive home health services. The needs of individuals with cognitive impairment and the "old-old" were major foci of interest. Assessment instruments included the Mini-Mental State Exam, the Delirium Symptom interview, and the Everyday Problem Solving Test. Data on the use of health services after hospital discharge were collected. Results showed that patients age 80 and older, who received skilled nursing services, were less likely to report health problems or complications than those who had not received skilled nursing services. Because the old-old elderly are more likely to have problems during the immediate posthospitalization period, this group of patients should be targeted for needs assessment and discharge planning.
Self-Assembled Ternary Complex of Cationic Dendrimer, Cucurbituril, and DNA:  Noncovalent Strategy in Developing a Gene Delivery Carrier

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A ternary complex of PPI-DAB dendrimer [(1,4-diaminobutane); Gen = N; dendri-poly(propyleneimine); -[NHC(=O)CH(2)NH(2)(+)(CH(2))(4)NH(3)(+)](z)()], DNA, and cucurbituril (CB) was evaluated as an example of a totally self-assembled gene delivery carrier. The complex was formed in a noncovalent way in which DNA interacts with PPI-DAB electrostatistically and CB with PPI-DAB through multiple noncovalent interactions. Dynamic light scattering data indicated that the diameter and size distributions of the complexes were dependent upon the sequence of mixing of each component with unimodal distribution ranging from 150.8 to 210.2 nm under favorable conditions. Fluorescence studies showed the quantitative binding of CB to PPI-DAB after ternary complex formation. The complex was able to transfect mammalian cells with high efficiency and the cytotoxicity of the PPI-DAB/CB complex was relatively low.
The Descent Unseen: Greece's Unappreciated Place in British Political History

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For hundreds of years, Great Britain possessed an empire and military that allowed it to possess an almost unrivaled power in international politics. However, as World War II drew to a close, it became increasingly evident that Great Britain no longer possessed the power it once had. In Greece, communist protest, and eventually insurrection, began as a result of disagreements in regards to the place of King George II of Greece and the future of free elections in the country after the departure of the German forces. “The Descent Unseen: Greece’s Unappreciated Place in British Political History” examines the time from outbreak of violence on December 3, 1944 and the end of June, 1945, Prime Minister Churchill’s last full month in office. As the communication between Allied leaders at the time suggested, negotiations continuously centered on how each World War II ally possessed influence, and how each party could help or hurt Great Britain’s ultimate goal of a free and democratic Greece. This project will examine how, the six-month time period witnessed the fall of Britain as a primary power in international politics, and how the influences of these nations affected the politics of Great Britain in Greece.
Description of a new leafhopper genus for Deltocephalus rufobilineatus melichar (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Deltocephalinae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bhavapura gen. nov. with Deltocephalus rufobilineatus Melichar as the type species belonging to the tribe Paralimnini was described and illustrated from Andhra Pradesh, India. The genus was closely related to Hengchunia vilbaste, but differed from it in having three subapical cells and structure of aedeagus and styles. Deltocephalus rufobilineatus Melichar was transferred to Bhavapura gen. nov. and re-described.
Measuring the effect of changing legislation on the frequency of divorce: The Netherlands, 1830–1990

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article discusses different procedures for measuring the effects of judicial changes on divorce rates. It presents an alternative model and applies it to a historical time series for the Netherlands. In this model, intervention variables were added to a statistical time-series (ARIMA) model. The conclusion of our analysis was that the effects of three judicial changes were only temporary.
The information providing system by using human motion recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This research presents a system that provides useful information by data mining. The system collects human motions to process data mining, and uses the result to detect human intention, and then provide service. The system includes three parts: the input devices part that is to collect data, the server part that is to analyze and process the data mining, and the client part that is to provide service. The way that set the devices on human to get motions always makes human feel uncomfortable. So, the authors consider using the cameras to get human movements rather than setting the devices on human. After collection the movement data, the data can be classed by the server part to find the motion data. And the motion data can be processed and analyzed to process data mining and find the results. And then, the result can be applied to show information on the mobile device or to use on other purposes. The system shows the possibility of applying the data mining to human motion to detect human intention. And the result can offer useful data to assist robotic system or show useful information to user.
Implantation of sigmoid colon cancer into the endoscopic resection site of intramucosal rectal cancer: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A 70‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with intramucosal rectal cancer and advanced sigmoid colon cancer at the same time. First, the intramucosal rectal cancer was curatively resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection, and surgery was subsequently performed for sigmoid colon cancer. After 20 months, a follow‐up colonoscopy revealed a tumor growth at the ulcer scar of the endoscopic submucosal dissection. Histological findings and KRAS mutation analysis suggested implantation of sigmoid colon cancer to the post‐endoscopic submucosal dissection site of intramucosal rectal cancer.
Research on Bi-level Optimal Configuration for Shared Energy Storage Considering Economics of Distribution Transformer

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Shared Energy Storage (SES) has advantages in improving energy storage utilization, and the optimal allocation of SES is becoming a current research hotspot. The current SES capacity allocation methods ignore the transformer's economics. In this paper, a bi-level optimization model for SES considering the economics of the distribution transformer is proposed, with the upper-level considering the economic operation of the transformer and optimal capacity allocation of SES, and the lower-level optimizing the energy consumption behavior of users in the microgrid. Simulation results show that SES can enhance power mutualization among users, reduce the scale of energy storage investments, and create a win-win situation for both operator and users.
LDL- Cholesterol and Outcome Prediction in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There are still controversial data mainly based mainly on previous studies [3-6]. The findings of the BEST trial [7] showed that cholesterol reduction by statins was independently associated with decrease in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (EF 115 mg/dl) was reduced by 24% (in comparison to those with LDL<90) despite the fact that the percent of patients with a NYHA class 3.5-4 was higher in this group. Even after adjusting for multiple known predictors of HF mortality, high LDL levels remained a significant novel independent predictor of improved survival. Neither low total cholesterol nor low triglycerides levels were significant in predicting mortality. The relationship between LDL levels and HF outcomes among the elderly, which was documented in the current study, seems to be contradictory to the findings in patients with coronary artery disease [3-4] and in patients enrolled in other HF studies [2,4,5,7]. Patients with ischemic and non-ischemic HF appear to have an opposite pattern (“reverse epidemiology”), with low levels being associated with worse prognosis independent of other prognostic factors [8,9].
Vibrational Stabilization of Complex Network Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many natural and man-made network systems need to maintain certain patterns, such as working at equilibria or limit cycles, to function properly. Thus, the ability to stabilize such patterns is crucial. Most of the existing studies on stabilization assume that network systems states can be measured online so that feedback control strategies can be used. However, in many real-world scenarios, systems states, e.g., neuronal activity in the brain, are often difficult to measure. In this paper, we take this situation into account and study the stabilization problem of linear network systems with an open-loop control strategy (vibrational control). We derive a graph-theoretic sufficient condition for structural vibrational stabilizability, under which network systems can always be stabilized. We further provide an approach to select the locations in the network for control placement and design corresponding vibrational inputs to stabilize systems that satisfy this condition. Finally, we provide some numerical results that demonstrate the validity of our theoretical findings.
Agricultural Water Price Reform in International Perspective: A Review

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

国内外的研究普遍认为，农业水价改革是解决农业用水浪费问题的主要途径，水价应该成为调节农业用水的重要经济机制。农业水价改革的目标价格是供水成本，提价的同时应该给予适当补贴。农业水价改革的未来研究重点应该是：农用水定价的理论依据、水价补贴的科学调整、水价改革路径的正确选择。 Domestic and foreign research generally believe that the reform of agricultural water price is the principal approach to solve the problem of agricultural water waste, and water price should become a critical economic mechanism to regulate agricultural water use. The target price of agricultural water price reform is the cost of water supply, and should be appropriately subsidized at the same time. The future research emphasis of agricultural water price reform should be as follows: the theoretical basis of agricultural water pricing, the scientific adjustment of water price subsidies, and the correct choice of water price reform path.
Vietnam Voices: a Comparative Analysis of Vietnam Veteran Narratives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis utilizes a narrative criticism to examine the significant narrative elements in Vietnam veteran survivor narratives. the narratives within Al Santoli's Everything we had, Wallace Terry's Bloods, and Lynda Van Devanter's Home before morning are used as representative narratives for the White soldiers, Black soldiers, and women, respectively. This thesis compares the narratives on the basis of gender and racial issues. It was found that each narrative group discussed problems assimilating back into American society resulting from participation in Vietnam. The narratives of black solders exhibited a predominant theme of racial discrimination in the military, but the narrative by Van Devanter did not discuss any problems with gender discrimination.
2009-02 Fractional Response Models- A Replication Exercise of Papke and Wooldridge (1996)

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper replicates the estimates of a fractional response model for share data reported in the seminal paper of Leslie E. Papke and Jeffrey M. Wooldridge published in the Journal of Applied Econometrics 11(6), 1996, pp.619-632. We have been able to replicate all reported estimation results concerning the determinants of employee participation rates in 401(k) pension plans using standard routines provided in Stata. As an alternative, we estimate a two-part model that is able to cope with the excessive number of boundary values of one in the data. The estimated marginal effects are similar to that derived in that paper. A small scale Monte Carlo simulation exercise suggests that the RESET tests proposed by Papke and Wooldridge in their robust form are useful for detecting neglected non-linearities in small samples.