jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging-Based Brain Morphometry in Alzheimer’s Disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, affecting millions of older Americans and resulting in a substantial economic burden. The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) aims to investigate and develop treatments for AD. Methods: This study included 60 participants, divided equally into AD and control cohorts, and utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to detect gray matter volumetric alterations, a key biomarker of AD. The participants’ cortical volume and surface area were quantified using an automated pipeline in MIMICS (Materialise Interactive Medical Imaging Control System). Results: A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between cortical measurements and potential factors influencing AD susceptibility. The study found that both cortical volume and surface area were statistically significant predictors of AD (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.011, respectively). Age was also a significant factor, with the 65–70 age group showing the strongest association (p < 0.001). The model achieved an accuracy of 0.68 in predicting AD. Conclusions: While voxel-based morphometry (VBM) using MIMICS showed promise, further development of the automated pipeline could enhance accuracy and correlation indices. These findings contribute to our understanding of brain atrophy in AD pathophysiology and highlight the potential of MRI morphometry as a tool for AD biomarker development.
Integrating multiple semantics data to assess the dynamic change of urban green space in Beijing, China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Information regarding the dynamic change of urban green space (UGS) at fine spatiotemporal resolutions is important for developing sustainable urban environments and understanding urban ecosystems in the future. As the capital of China, due to population explosion, economic growth, and redevelopment of inner-city areas, Beijing underwent extremely rapid urbanization in the past few years, which is intensifying the contradiction between human activities and UGS. Timely monitoring of Beijing’s dynamic change of UGS is very important for the planning of the capital’s living environment. Hence, a novel framework was proposed to map the dynamic change of UGS from 2000 to 2018 by integrating social sensing data and time series remote sensing data. First, we generated a dynamic mapping of the vegetation and a mapping of the annual maximum value of the Nominalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVImax), using time series Landsat images on a Google Earth Engine platform. Then, a temporal segmentation approach was implemented to identify the turning years and using a decision tree approach determine the historical time of social sensing data. Finally, the UGS mapping and its dynamics were generated according to the identified time parameter of social sensing data, as well as remote sensing data. Our results showed that the temporal segmentation approach is reliable for detecting urban changes and identifying the historical time of social sensing data, with an overall accuracy of 90%. The overall classification accuracies of UGS are 0.87 (both Level 1 and Level 2). Moreover, the UGS area continuously increased from 2000 to 2018, of which the dominant types are residential green space and theme parks. The proposed framework provides an effective tool for better understanding the dynamic change of UGS, and the results from this work present vital insights for planners and government departments to develop targeted measures and protect UGS effectively.
Calculation of nonlinearities of K2Ce(NO3)(5)center dot 2H(2)O and K2La(NO3)(5)center dot 2H(2)O

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A quantitative investigation of structure-property relationships has been carried out in the nonlinear optical crystals K2Ce(NO3)(5) . 2H(2)O and K2La(NO3)(5) . 2H(2)O, from the chemical bond viewpoint. Chemical bond parameters and linear and nonlinear optical properties of each type of constituent chemical bond of both crystals are calculated. Theoretical results agree reasonably with experimental data, and explain quantitatively their nonlinear origins in this type of crystal. This theoretical method allows us to calculate accurately the nonlinearities of complex crystals.
Sympathetic nerve responses to muscle contraction and stretch

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to examine differential sympathetic nerve responses in peripheral tissues during exercise. In decerebrate rats, we examined renal and lumbar (which innervates hindlimb) sympathetic nerve activities (RSNA and LSNA, respectively) during: 1‐min rhythmic (1‐ to 4‐s stimulation‐to‐relaxation) contraction of the triceps surae muscles; rhythmic stretch; and rhythmic contraction with hindlimb ischemia. During these interventions, the RSNA and LSNA responded synchronously as tension was developed. In both rhythmic contraction (n=10, +465±40 g in tension) and muscle stretch (n=10, +506±36 g), the RSNA response was significantly greater than the LSNA response (+109±19 vs. +75±11% P <0.05 in contraction and +99±16 vs. +55±11% P <0.05 in stretch from baseline). Hindlimb ischemia (n=7) enhanced both the RSNA and LSNA responses to contraction by 18% and 33% ( P <0.05), respectively. The data demonstrate that the RSNA responses to muscle stretch and contraction are greater than those seen with LSNA. We suggest that the differential sympathetic outflow induced by the muscle afferents activation contributes to the distribution of cardiac output observed during exercise. Moreover, ischemic metabolites produced in contracting muscle likely sensitizes the muscle afferents engaged by contraction and stretch. Supported by NIH R01 HL075533 (JL) and R01 HL078866 (JL) and R01 HL060800 (LIS).
Gender- and region-specific changes in estrogen signaling in aging rat brain mitochondria

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recently epidemiological studies suggest females lose neuroprotection from neurodegenerative diseases as they go through menopause. It has been hypothesized that this neuroprotection is hormone-dependent. The current study characterized cell signaling molecules downstream of estrogen receptor beta that are known to play a role in memory, PKC, ERK, and connexin-43, in regions of the brain associated with memory decline in an attempt to elucidate significant changes that occur post-estrus. Total whole cell lysates were compared to isolated mitochondrial protein because mitochondrial function is known to be altered during aging. As hypothesized, protein concentrations differed depending on age, gender, and brain region. Additionally, many of these changes occurred within mitochondria but not within whole cell lysates indicating that these are epigenetic alterations. These findings accentuate the complexity of aging and provide insight into the gender-specific cellular processes that occur throughout this process.
SINGLE-IMAGE SUPER RESOLUTION FOR MULTISPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING DATA USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. In optical remote sensing, spatial resolution of images is crucial for numerous applications. Space-borne systems are most likely to be affected by a lack of spatial resolution, due to their natural disadvantage of a large distance between the sensor and the sensed object. Thus, methods for single-image super resolution are desirable to exceed the limits of the sensor. Apart from assisting visual inspection of datasets, post-processing operations—e.g., segmentation or feature extraction—can benefit from detailed and distinguishable structures. In this paper, we show that recently introduced state-of-the-art approaches for single-image super resolution of conventional photographs, making use of deep learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), can successfully be applied to remote sensing data. With a huge amount of training data available, end-to-end learning is reasonably easy to apply and can achieve results unattainable using conventional handcrafted algorithms. We trained our CNN on a specifically designed, domain-specific dataset, in order to take into account the special characteristics of multispectral remote sensing data. This dataset consists of publicly available SENTINEL-2 images featuring 13 spectral bands, a ground resolution of up to 10m, and a high radiometric resolution and thus satisfying our requirements in terms of quality and quantity. In experiments, we obtained results superior compared to competing approaches trained on generic image sets, which failed to reasonably scale satellite images with a high radiometric resolution, as well as conventional interpolation methods.
‘I belong here but I’m not anchored here’: Ethnic identity construction and belongingness among multi-generation Australian-born Chinese

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Chineseness is a multi-dimensional concept that is fluid and dynamic. Using a social constructivist approach, this thesis examined the construction of ethnic identity among Australian-born Chinese. The findings suggest that being Chinese is no longer solely determined by how one looks or what language one speaks. It also means different things to different people. And how one perceives themselves is not always aligned to how others perceive them.
Research Progress of Fertilizer and Water Coupling on Fruit Crops Yield and Quality under Drip Irrigation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

China is a big country on fruit industry,but the prevalence of the unscientific water and fertilizer management in fruit production results in the loss of irrigation water and fertilizer and exacerbates the pollution of agricultural ecological environment,which is the important reason why our country does not become a large fruit country. How to use advanced irrigation techniques to promote fruit production by the limited water and fertilizer and achieve the goal of water and fertilizer conservation,good quality and high yield and efficient environmental protection,is the key scientific problem of modern agricultural water conservation area needed to be addressed urgently. This article discusses the concept of water and fertilizer coupling,the effect of water and fertilizer coupling on fruit yield,quality and water and fertilizer use efficiency under drip irrigation,and the status of simulation research of yield,and the prospects to the further research are put forward.
CSD 2298639: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Geriatric pain management, pharmacological and nonpharmacological considerations.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Persistent pain is prevalent in the elderly population, although it is not an inevitable part of aging.It is important to understand how to manage pain effectively in old age, particularly because an increasing number of individuals are becoming older, or living longer.Several problems, less common in younger adults, may complicate the treatment of pain.An accurate pain assessment is required for the most efficient strategy of pain treatment.Challenges to an effective pain assessment include: pain underreporting by patients, atypical manifestations of pain in elderly, age-associated pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic changes to specific drugs, other general age-related changes, and misconceptions about tolerance or addiction to opioids.However, physicians are able to provide geriatric patients with appropriate analgesia by using comprehensive assessment involving a multidisciplinary approach, and the appropriate use of various treatment modalities.
Comparison of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation with or without endoscopic sphincterotomy for the treatment of large bile duct stones

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) without prior endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) produces excellent outcomes for the treatment of large common bile duct (CBD) stones. However, it remains unclear how the outcomes of EPLBD alone compare with those of EPLBD with EST. In this study, we assessed the safety and therapeutic outcomes of EPLBD with vs. without EST for the removal of large bile duct stones. Methods This prospective, multicenter study was conducted on 200 patients with bile duct stones of ≥ 10 mm in diameter. Patients were randomly assigned to an EPLBD alone group (n = 100) or an EPLBD with EST group (n = 100). These two groups were compared with respect to overall procedure-related adverse events, overall stone removal success rate, number of endoscopic sessions required for complete stone removal, need for mechanical lithotripsy, and total procedure time. Results The incidence of adverse events was not significantly different between the groups (EPLBD alone vs. EPLBD with EST: overall adverse events 6 % vs. 4 %, P = 0.75; pancreatitis 1 % vs. 3 %, P = 0.62). Overall success (P = 0.35), initial success (P = 0.28), and the need for mechanical lithotripsy (P = 0.39) were also similar between groups. Median total procedure time tended to be greater in the EPLBD alone group (20.5 minutes) than in the EPLBD with EST group (18 minutes; P = 0.08). Conclusion The therapeutic outcomes and adverse events of EPLBD alone for the removal of large bile duct stones were comparable to those of EPLBD with EST.
Selective area growth and characterization of InGaN nano-disks implemented in GaN nanocolumns with different top morphologies

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This work reports on the morphology control of the selective area growth of GaN-based nanostructures on c-plane GaN templates. By decreasing the substrate temperature, the nanostructures morphology changes from pyramidal islands (no vertical m-planes), to GaN nanocolumns with top semipolar r-planes, and further to GaN nanocolumns with top polar c-planes. When growing InGaN nano-disks embedded into the GaN nanocolumns, the different morphologies mentioned lead to different optical properties, due to the semi-polar and polar nature of the r-planes and c-planes involved. These differences are assessed by photoluminescence measurements at low temperature and correlated to the specific nano-disk geometry.
Pediatric bilateral benign vocal fold lesions (Fujiki, 2022)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: This study describes a clinical case of benign bilateral vocal fold lesions in a 4-year-old boy. Acoustic, aerodynamic, auditory-perceptual, and stroboscopic evaluations are described, and the outcomes of intervention are reported. Method: Methodology for acoustic, aerodynamic, auditory-perceptual, and stroboscopic data collection and analysis are described. Results/Conclusions: This patient presented to the clinic with bilateral vocal fold lesions resulting in moderate dysphonia characterized by breathiness, roughness, and vocal strain. Acoustic measures supported auditory-perceptual assessment indicating that vocal quality was moderately dysphonic, and aerodynamic measures suggested vocal hyperfunction. Stroboscopic evaluation was limited due to patient’s age; however, reduced vocal fold oscillation and hourglass glottic closure were observed. Therapeutic probes indicated that the patient was a good candidate for voice therapy, and a course of six sessions was completed. Repeat evaluation indicated improvements in auditory-perceptual and acoustic voice measures. Supplemental Material S1. Baseline recording of sustained vowels. Supplemental Material S2. Baseline recording of CAPE-V sentences and spontaneous speech. Supplemental Material S3. Baseline halogen and stroboscopic exam. Supplemental Material S4. Posttherapy recording of CAPE-V sentences. Supplemental Material S5. Posttherapy halogen and stroboscopic exam. Fujiki, R. B. (2022). Clinical case study: Pediatric bilateral benign vocal fold lesions. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_PERSP-22-00150 Publisher Note: This article is part of the Forum: Case Studies in Pediatric Voice.
TERATOGENIC COMPOUNDS OF VERATRUM CALIFORNICUM (DURAND): I. PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FRACTIONS AND ALKALOIDS FOR BIOLOGIC TESTING

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The isolation and identification of four known alkaloids (jervine, veratrosine, pseudojervine, and isorubijervine) was achieved from teratogenic fractions of Veratrum californicum. Two additional alkaloids, not previously reported and herein designated alkaloids X and V, were also isolated from these fractions and partially characterized.
Precocene II Metabolism in Insects: Synthesis of Potential Metabolites and Identification of Initial in Vitro Biotransformation Products

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrecocene II Metabolism in Insects: Synthesis of Potential Metabolites and Identification of Initial in Vitro Biotransformation ProductsDavid M. Soderlund, Angel Messeguer, and William S. BowersCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1980, 28, 4, 724–731Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60230a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60230a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Scanline-based stereo matching by genetic algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The computer stereo-vision system (CSVS) is a non-emissive, non-scanning, economic and flexible vision system. It adopts a pair of cameras at different positions and acquires simultaneously two images of an object to derive information on depth. The problem of correspondence between images is one of most important issues in the study of CSYS. The key concern of this problem is to determine which feature in one image corresponds to a given feature in the other image. Owing to the high complexity of the correspondence problem, the matching process usually suffers from slow computation time and imprecise results. The present paper proposes a scanline-~ased stereo-matching model. The objective function of the proposed model is a function with the means and variance of intensity, gradient magnitude and direction, and related constraints including uniqueness, geometry and epipolar constraints. The formulated energy function is then solved using genetic algorithms. Binary representation is used to match the relationship between the candidate features of both images. Two operators, the roulette selection operator and elite principle, are adopted for offspring selection. A modified position-based crossover operator and its repair mechanism are developed to exchange partially the chromosomes. In addition, an order-based mutation is used to prevent early convergence. Experiments show that the designed selection, crossover and mutation operators can effectively derive the matching relations line by line for real-world testing images. The proposed method was also compared with another method and was superior in computation speed and required less demand of the memory.
Developments of Spinel Ferrite Nanofibers Fabricated by Electrospinning

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Electrospinning technology is a novel method of preparing nanofibers, which have the advantages of high aspect ratio, large specific surface areas and uniform diameter distribution. In general, ceramic spinel ferrites are prepared by the electrospinning of precursors in the presence of polymers followed by calcination. The calcination conditions will influence the crystal structure, morphology and magnetic properties of spinel ferrite nanofibers, such as calcination temperature and heating rate. The effects of ion substitution on magnetic properties of spinel nanofibers are due to the change of cation distribution on A and B sites. This paper summed up several important influence factors and ion substitution in the preparation of spinel ferrite nanofibers by electrospinning, which provide a feasible experimental method for the application of spinel ferrite nanofiers.
Silent grief : narratives of bereaved adult siblings.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This qualitative research project is a narrative inquiry into the lives of four bereaved siblings; one is myself. The purpose of the project was to explore our mutual experiences of loss, look for patterns, and create a forum for continuing our stories in a new way. Identified as a disenfranchised loss (Wray, 2003) adult siblings are often seen as the least impacted family member when a sibling dies. After such a death, the concern is first directed toward the grieving spouse and children and then the deceased’s parents. Adult siblings are often expected to be a source of strength and support for others. \nThrough in-depth interviews and story telling, three participants shared their reflections of, first, living with and, then, living without beloved siblings. Their stories of loss and love are captured both with words and visually through photographs. My stories are woven throughout the text as I reflect upon my grief journey and ongoing search for meaning. \nFindings of this research offer a glimpse into the profound depth of this loss and some of the unique challenges faced by bereaved adult siblings. All participants experienced strained dynamics within families of origin as members grieved the loss differently. Elderly parents, in particular, were hesitant to speak of their deceased child, setting a tone of silence within the family. To help “protect” parents from further grief, participants gradually stopped talking about deceased siblings in their presence. Relationships with surviving siblings were also strained as roles were reformed. For the three women participants, passing years did not lessen the emptiness of the loss. The pain was rekindled with each passing family milestone. \nAll of us were changed by this experience. Sharing stories with an interested listener created another avenue for meaning making and a new way to honour and memorialize our lost siblings. Each of us moved to new understandings about ourselves and our relationships with our deceased siblings, naming the experience as transformative on many levels. Hopefully this study will serve as support for other grieving adult siblings and contribute to furthering research in grief and bereavement.