jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Examination of representative drum from 618-9 Burial Ground

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The work described in this report was conducted in pursuance of Task E of the Pacific Northwest Laboratory Solid Waste Technology Support Program for Westinghouse Hanford Company. Task E calls for a determination of the corrosion rate of low-carbon steels under typical Hanford Site conditions. To meet this objective, Pacific Northwest Laboratory examined one intact drum that was judged to be representative of the largely intact drums excavated at the 618-9 Burial Ground located west of the 300 Area at the Hanford Site. Six samples were examined to characterize the drum, its composition, and its corrosion and corrosion products. The drum, which was found empty, was constructed of low-carbon steel. Its surface appeared relatively sound. The drum metal varied in thickness, but the minimum thickness in the samples was near 0.020 in. The corrosion corresponds to approximately 25 to 35 mils of metal loss, roughly a 1 mil/yr corrosion rate. Corrosion products were goethite and maghymite, expected products of iron buried in soil. Apparently, the drum leaked some time ago, but the cause of the leakage is unknown because records of the drums and their burial are limited. The drum was empty when found, and it is possible that itmore » could have failed by pitting rather than by general corrosion. A pitting rate of about 3.5 mils/yr would have caused loss of drum integrity in the time since burial.« less
Attitude control of v-shaped rotor power layout under sudden load changes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The V-shaped rotor power layout is a typical configuration of chain-type variant rotorcraft. Its load-carrying operations are vulnerable to changes in load, which may lead to stability issues in flight attitude control. To address this, this paper designs an attitude control method for aircraft under sudden load changes based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC). First, a dynamic model of the variant rotorcraft for variable load conditions is developed. The impact of load changes on the aircraft’s attitude control is analyzed. Second, state coupling, load changes, and both internal and external disturbances are unified as total disturbances. An Extended State Observer (ESO) is introduced to track and estimate the disturbances. Finally, the stability of the aircraft’s attitude control and the feasibility of attitude control under sudden load changes are verified through real-flight experiments. The results show that the maximum attitude deviation in each axis is no more than 8°, and the maximum response delay is less than 1 second. The ADRC-based attitude control for the V-shaped rotor power layout demonstrates excellent stability and robustness, providing a technical foundation for the load-carrying capabilities of chain-type variant rotorcraft.
Implementation of a parallel virtual machine in the data acquisition system of a high resolution animal PET

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Positron emission tomography is based on the coincident detection of two colinear emitted gamma rays with subsequent registration by a data acquisition (DAQ) system. To preserve the systems sensitivity and provide accurate tomographic imaging, a large fraction of the detected events has to be registered. Therefore, a high and constant readout capability of the DAQ architecture is desired. We have realized a low cost DAQ system for our small animal sector tomograph MADPET (2.5 mm resolution, coincidence event registration, <10 kHz readout rate). Two standard computers (AMD-K6, Linux, 10 MBit ethernet) form a parallel virtual machine (PVM-master and PVM-slave). This allows for the distribution of tasks like graphical interface, online data processing and display to the PVM-master while preserving the resources of the PVM-slave for data acquisition. A full ring dual layer 3D tomograph is currently under construction (/spl lsim/1.5 mm resolution, single event registration, <5 MHz=20 Mbyte/s singles readout rate). The DAQ system of this device will be based on SUN workstations. Reflective memory modules in each (connected with fibre optical cable) facilitate automatic memory update between both machines within 700 ns. According to our experiences with MADPET, PVM will be implemented in this system.
Analisis Sentimen Terhadap Video Ulasan Produk Menggunakan Metode Support Vector Machine Dengan Sequential Minimal Optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The popularity of video as a medium for reviewing a product today has created interest and dependence on other users to look for video recommendations before buying the desired effect. Youtube social media is one of the media that has product reviews in the form of videos. The use of sentiment analysis can predict the tendency of someone's video review to have a positive or negative opinion which can be done by processing the video review into text form first using speech recognition. In this study, thoughts that have been in the form of text will be followed by the process of tokenizing, weighting and classification by applying the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm model using Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) optimization. Based on the results of this study, it shows that the accuracy, recall, precision and f-measure values will increase with the increasing number of terms tested, while the C value variable in the enhanced SMO cannot be retrieved because the resulting accuracy value fluctuates. The test results with term 300 and C 1.5 get the highest value: accuracy 89.91%, recall 89.12%, precision 94.97% and f-measure 91.05.
The Physiographic Method of Representing Scenery on Maps

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

T RHERE is one problem in cartography which has not yet been solved to general satisfaction and which is a very important one: the depiction of the scenery of large areas on small-scale maps. Most of our school maps show contour lines with or without color tints. Excellent as this method is on detailed topographic sheets, where every mountain can be shown individually, it fails when it has to be generalized for a small-scale map of a large area. Nor does the other common method, hachuring, serve better. On topographic sheets it shows the steepness of the surfaces if the Lehmann system is rigorously applied, but in maps of countries and continents the hachure lines deteriorate into caterpillars. Contour lines give us at least one important fact; they enable us to read the elevation above sea level. But elevation is only one factor and not the most important. The main effect of altitude is upon the climate, and this can be expressed by direct climatic maps. For the study of settlement, land utilization, or any other aspect of man's occupation of the earth it is more important to have information about the ruggedness, trend, and character of mountains, ridges, plains, plateaus, canyons, and so on-in a word, the physiography of the region.
Making Good Use of Partners: Differential Effects of Managerial Networking in the Social Care Domain

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>Public managers engage in networking relationships with a wide variety of external actors and organizations from which they can draw different types of support and resources. Most empirical studies on managerial networking merely present different intensities of external networking in general, as if it were a unidimensional concept. In practice, however, public managers strategically differentiate between functional or task-related groups of external partners, based on the specific policy context. Moreover, such differentiation in networking behavior can be expected to systematically impact agency and public program performance outcomes. This article derives contextualized hypotheses on how managerial networking affects the performance of Dutch local governments in the social care domain. Multilevel structural equation analyses of 3,257 social care clients in 71 local governments provide evidence that bilateral client-interest networking is more beneficial to the Social Support Act's overall goal of improving the level of social participation of clients than professional networking. Moreover, the effect is indirect: managerial networking with client interest groups improves the physical self-reliance of clients, enabling them to engage in social activities.<br /></p>
Flora of Ceará, Brazil: Onagraceae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study aimed to provide the floristic survey of Onagraceae in Ceará state. The floristic study consisted of analyzing material deposited in the herbaria EAC, ESA, FUEL, HCDAL, HUEFS, HUVA, HVASF, INPA, K, MO, NY, P, RB, UFRN and US, as well as field work carried out between 2015 and 2017. In the study area, Onagraceae is represented by the genus Ludwigia, and seven species were recorded: L. erecta, L. helminthorrhiza, L. hyssopifolia, L. leptocarpa, L. nervosa, L. octovalvis and L. tomentosa. All seven species were also sampled in Conservation Units, with L. erecta recorded in six of them. L. erecta and L. helminthorrhiza have a broader distribution in the state. L. nervosa and L. tomentosa are indicated as new occurrences for Ceará, both with only one record in the south of the state, expanding their range in Northeastern Brazil. The information in this manuscript allows identification of Onagraceae representatives in Ceará state, through morphological descriptions, identification keys, taxonomic comments, illustrations, photographs and geographic distribution data.
[The role of capsule endoscopy in the study of intestinal diseases. Critical analysis and observation of the first 50 cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The total visualization of the intestinal surface through wireless capsule endoscopy has furnished new insights for the diagnosis of intestinal diseases. The length, difficulty of access and particular morphology of this region makes a correct diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases associated with bleeding possible only in 5% of cases. Our study was aimed at assessing the clinical impact and diagnostic outcomes of wireless capsule endoscopy through analysis of the first 50 cases observed in our Endoscopy and Coloproctology Unit. Fifty patients aged 23-85 years (mean age: 43.5) were selected for wireless endoscopy. The main indications were patients with a suspected or established diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease or malabsorption, abdominal pain, chronic diarrhoea and obscure bleeding. Patients with a clinical or radiological diagnosis of gastrointestinal stenosis, Zencker's diverticula, or colonic diverticulosis were excluded from the study. In 2 out of 8 patients with abdominal pain, erosions of the intestinal wall were detected, while in the only patient with gastrointestinal bleeding a neoplastic lesion of the right colon was accidentally diagnosed. As far as inflammatory bowel disease is concerned, in all the cases of established diagnosis of ulcerative colitis no small bowel lesions were visible at wireless endoscopy, while all the cases with silent Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum were confirmed. No cases of neoplastic lesions of the small bowel were recorded in our series either in celiac-disease patients or in patients with familial intestinal polyposis. In celiac-disease patients (N = 24) wireless capsule endoscopy allowed accurate definition of the extent of the mucosal damage. On the basis of our preliminary experience wireless capsule endoscopy would appear to warrant an important role in the management of patients with small bowel diseases, supplementing information obtained with other diagnostic techniques.
“Two Socialisms”: The Soviet Perception of the “Scandinavian Model” in the Second Half of the 1960s and 1970s

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the 20th century, the Nordic countries implemented the concept of a social state. The article analyzes the attitude to the theory and practice of the “Scandinavian model” (ideology, political situation, economic and foreign policy of the Scandinavian Social Democrats, as well as their implementation of the concept of the “welfare state”) of representatives of state authorities and management, as well as the scientific community of the USSR in the second half of the 1960s – 1970s. The “socialist” basis of the model and the similarity of some of its aspects with Soviet socialism formed a special interest of specialists. Despite the recognition of the clear success of the Nordic countries in the socio-economic sphere, its final assessment was negative. The “Scandinavian model” was not even considered a progressive version of “ordinary” capitalism. Although in the 1970s in the Soviet Union there were quite balanced judgments about the Scandinavian social democrats, the possibility of using the experience of the “Scandinavian model” in the USSR was not considered. At the same time, the Soviet Union and other socialist countries saw this model as a threat (as well as in general in the Western model of the “welfare state”). The Soviet estimates were not entirely objective, although the bias characteristic of the previous period decreased. Soviet diplomats and experts often emphasized the negative aspects of the “Scandinavian Model” and often made contradictory conclusions about it. An important point is that the crisis of the “Scandinavian model” and the collapse of the Soviet system coincided in time, and the processes of partial dismantling of this model are similar to the events in post-Soviet Russia.
A 12.8 cm Diameter: Giant Aortic Aneurysm (GAA) Successfully Treated by Bentall’s Procedure- Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Aortic root aneurysm involves dilatation of sinuses of Valsalva, sinotubular junction, and proximal ascending aorta. It is a rare complication after aortic valve replacement surgery. A giant aneurysm is defined as an aneurysm of size> 10 cm. Surgical treatment involves Bentall’s procedure. Case Detail: A 40-year-old gentleman with severe aortic regurgitation and moderate aortic stenosis underwent aortic valve replacement with a mechanical prosthetic valve of size 25 mm, 13 years ago. At the time of previous surgery, the ascending aorta was mildly dilated, measured 3.5 cm in size. The patient came with complaints of breathlessness on exertion from the past two months, NYHA class III. Echocardiography and CECT revealed a giant ascending aortic aneurysm about 12.8 cm in diameter with intimal flap suggestive of dissection. Prosthetic valve function and other cardiac structures were assessed as normal. Elective surgery was planned. CPB was established. Ascending aortic aneurysm was excised along with a prosthetic mechanical valve. Bentall’s procedure was done using a 27 mm Dacron composite graft. The patient required a permanent pacemaker for a complete heart block in the postoperative period. Thereafter patient was discharged in stable condition. Conclusion: Aortic aneurysm should be tackled surgically in order to decrease morbidity and mortality. Regular follow-up of such patients should be done.
PREFORMULATION STUDIES AND PREPERATION OF DITHRANOL LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dithranol belongs to the keratolytic category, which is widely used drug in the treatment of psoriasis. The drug is practically insoluble in water. Many conventional dosage forms for psoriasis treatment have been have been formulated earlier, but they did not show good results. Hence in the present study, it was attempted to formulate dithranol in the form of solid lipid nanoparticle. Solid lipid
Ionization rate and plasma dynamics at 3.9 micron femtosecond photoionization of air

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The introduction of mid-IR optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers (OPCPAs) has catalyzed interest in multi-millijoule, infrared femtosecond pulse-based filamentation. As tunneling ionization is a fundamental first stage in these high-intensity laser-matter interactions, characterizing the process is critical to understand derivative topical studies on femtosecond filamentation and self-focusing. Here, we report constructive-elastic microwave scattering-based measurements of total electron count, electron number densities, and photoionization rates generated by 3.9 micron femtosecond mid-infrared tunneling ionization of atmospheric air. Consequently, we determine photoionization rates in the range of 5.0x10$^{8}$-6.1x10$^{9}$ s$^{-1}$ for radiation intensities 1.3x10$^{13}$-1.9x10$^{14}$ W/cm$^{2}$, respectively. The proposed approach paves the wave to precisely tabulate photoionization rates in mid-IR for broad range of intensities and gas types and to study plasma dynamics at mid-IR filamentation.
Structure of the dihydrofolate reductase gene in Chinese hamster ovary cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Overlapping recombinant lambda 1059 phages carrying regions of the dhfr locus from the amplified Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell clone MK42 have been isolated. In addition, dhfr cDNAs from this cell line have been cloned into plasmid pBR322. Restriction analysis of these recombinant molecules has led to a map of the Chinese hamster dhfr gene. This gene has a minimum size of 26 kb and contains six exons as defined by hybridization to a combination of mouse and CHO cDNA probes. The latter probes reveal 3' exonic sequences that are not present in mouse cDNA. The CHO dhfr gene thus extends about 700 bp further 3' than in the mouse, consistent with the larger size of the hamster mRNA. At least five intervening sequences are present, of approximate sizes: 0.3, 2.5, 8.6, 2.6 and 9.4 kb. Four sequences from highly repeated families are situated in introns within the dhfr gene. The overall structure of this gene is strikingly similar to that of the mouse. Evolutionary conservation of interrupted gene structure among mammals thus extends to genes that code for household enzymes as well as specialized or structural proteins.
Comparison of Abnormal Heart Rate and Nocturnal Arrhythmia in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Normal Subjects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder and an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aimed to compare abnormal heart rate and arrhythmias among patients with OSA and normal subjects. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on patients with OSA who were attending Imam Khomeini Hospital Sleep Lab, Tehran, Iran, to undergo a full-night polysomnography (PSG). Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) was measured for study participants. Those with AHI < 5/h were considered as control (normal) and those with AHI > 15/h were considered as case (OSA) group. We compared abnormal heart rate and nocturnal arrhythmia during PSG between the two study groups. Results: A total of 60 patients (30 cases and 30 controls) were included in this study. Abnormal heart rate (bradycardia and tachycardia) and nocturnal arrhythmia were compared between the two study groups. Twenty-eight percent of patients with moderate to severe OSA developed arrhythmia including sinus arrest, premature atrial contraction (PAC), atrial fibrillation (AF), and bigeminy premature ventricular contraction (PVC). Multiple PVC episodes were observed in 6.7% of subjects without OSA. Nocturnal arrhythmia was more common in cases; however, there was no significant difference. Mean heart rate in cases was 45 beat/minute in comparison with 68/minute in controls (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Different arrhythmias are observed in patients with OSA due to autonomic disorders. Bradycardia was more prevalent among patients with OSA. Regarding the association between OSA and nocturnal arrhythmias, treatment of OSA is important to prevent cardiac mortality.
The Publications of the Champlain Society: The Works of Samuel de Champlain

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Publications of the Champlain Society: The Works of Samuel de Champlain. Vol. IV. Edited by H. P. Biggar. (Toronto, Canada: The Champlain Society, 1932. xvi+372+x pp.) Get access Wilson Porter Shortridge Wilson Porter Shortridge West Virginia University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 19, Issue 3, December 1932, Pages 463–464, https://doi.org/10.2307/1892806 Published: 01 December 1932
APPLICATION OF GINGER ESSENTIAL OIL IN THE FOOD SECTOR

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aims to determine the usage of spice essential oils, specifically ginger, in the food sector. This study is a literature study. The source of the article writing library were taken from Google Scholar and www.scimagojr.com with relevant study. According to the findings, essential spice oils, especially ginger, can be used as seasonings in the food sector which can extend the shelf life and enhance the taste of a product. This is supported by the chemical nature of ginger essential oil, which contains compounds. Therefore, food additives can be added to the food manufacturing process. Since the main principle of adding food additives is to prevent the growth, oxidation and unwanted chemical changes of bacteria, so that food looks good as well as its tastes, hence food can be consumed safely. Keywords: Ginger Essential Oil, Food Sector, Shelf Life
Study on Bacillus Isolated from Intestine of Persian Sturgeon (<i>Acipenser persicus</i>) Comparing with Commercial Probiotics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

At present, probiotic bacteria are proposed as an important alternative for antibiotic elimination and for providing renewable products through biological control in cultivation systems of marine fish larvae. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of native and commercial probiotics on growth parameters of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) larvae fed with controlled biomar diet. Experimental diets with three probiotic bacterial mixture including commercial lactobacillus (L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus), commercial Bacillus (B. subtillis and B. licheniformis) and Bacillus isolated from intestine of Persian sturgeon (B. mycoides) were completed in two levels (6.1 and 7.2 log CFU in each g of feed) and were fed to larvae of Persian sturgeon in six experimental treatments. The control treatment was fed with diet without supplementation. The experiment was done in randomized design. In all the treatments, feed conversion index was increased considerably and had significant difference with control treatment and in all the experimental treatments influenced by probiotics were higher than that of control treatment (P<0.05). The highest rate means of special growth (1.84±0.21%) and thermal growth index (3.44±0.37%) was obtained respectively in treatment C1 and C2 (isolated from intestine). Maximum special growth rate (SGR %) were obtained from C1 (4.69±0.71%) and B2 (4.62±0.87%, commercial Bacillus). In addition, native probiotic bacteria had better performance than the non native commercial species as well as selection of suitable probiotic (natural) with respect to fish species, region and condition of culture plays a special importance role in enhancing the yield of Persian sturgeon larvae.