jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Acute vascular rejection after renal transplantation and isolated v‐lesion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Histopathological changes of acute vascular rejection ( AVR ) are characterized by intimal arteritis and transmural arteritis. According to the Banff 1997 classification, the quantitative criteria for intimal arteritis (v score) are classified: v0, v1, v2, and v3. According to B anff ‘09 classification, AVR may fall into one of four categories: acute T cell‐mediated rejection ( ATMR ) T ype IIA , ATMR T ype IIB , ATMR T ype III , and acute antibody‐mediated rejection ( AAMR ) T ype III . Both cellular and humoral immunity play roles in vascular rejection, and in some cases, AVR may be provoked by anti‐donor antibodies. Anti‐rejection therapies were effective in most of the v1 cases but were less effective in the v2 cases and were ineffective in the v3 cases. Some reports have indicated that the prognosis of grafts exhibiting AVR is poor, but in our series, the outcome of AVR was relatively good using recent immunosuppressive protocols. A definition for “isolated v‐lesion” was originally characterized by arteritis with minimal interstitial inflammation and tubulitis. The 11th B anff conference was concluded that “isolated v1‐lesions” comprised two types, T cell‐mediated rejection and injury, and did not have any independent prognostic significance. However, we speculate that “isolated v‐lesion” might be regarded as AAMR and ATMR .
93 Investigating the minimal requirements for startup procurement by healthcare institutions in Ontario, Canada

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The primarygoal is to understand the challenges and barriers associated with the procurement of innovative technologies.Specifically, our research will answer the following question: what are the minimal requirements for a startup’s solution to beprocuredby anOntariohealthcare institution? METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participants will include procurement professionals at startups, healthcare institutions, and procurement facilitating agencies. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted in order to understand different procurement pathways and the possible procurement related gaps or barriers that startups face. Through qualitative ethnographic methods, participant interviews will characterize existing relationships and examine the rationale behind startup procurement decision-making. Data collection will include recordings, verbatim transcripts, and researcher field notes. Through inductive qualitative analysis, the data will be examined to build an intervention to assist in startup procurement. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Our investigation will yield insight into expectations between hospital procurement requirements and startup procurement. The qualitative analysis will identify targets for engagement, and appropriate actors that can bridge gaps. Our results will identify pathways for procurement and the minimal procurement requirements to aid startup procurement planning. Our research will support innovators by delivering an intervention that will enable easier implementation of market ready solutions in a Canadian context. In line with principles from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, this research can be used towards enhancing efficiency, speed of translation, and innovation. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: We will contextualize the needs of start-ups and empower them to understand their procurement ecosystem. Facilitating better navigation of the procurement space allows for innovators to present solutions that healthcare organizations can adopt, resulting in improved clinical and patient outcomes.
Granites of Zoz Area, Baroda District, Gujarat and its Economic Significance

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The granites around Zoz represent a differentiated, calc-alkaline, subaluminous, A-type granite with higher uranium content. The A-type affinity points to the possibility of encountering Sn, Mo, Bi, Nb, Ta and F mineralisation in the area. The low Th/U ratio also favours vein type U-deposits within granites or in adjacent metasediments.
Experimental Study of Disruption-Tolerant Transport Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks with Connection Diversity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to node mobility, the network topology of a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) usually varies from full connection to intermittent connection, showing a connection diversity. There have been many well-known routing protocols for full connection and intermittent connection situations respectively. However, it is hard to find one-fit-to-all routing protocol suitable in all connection situations. In this paper, we propose a unified transport framework for MANET with connection diversity, named by DTTP (Delay Tolerant Transport Protocol). DTTP provides a scheme to integrate routing protocols in both paradigms. It is only implemented in end nodes (sources and destinations) and the intermediate nodes remain untouched. The decision on which protocol to use for transmitting a given message from source to destination is made on application level and transparent to applications. To this end, DTTP defines an unified API for application development, and designs a heartbeat mechanism to determine the network connection situations. We implement DTTP in our testbed and evaluate its performance. The experiment results verify its fundamental functionalities.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) culture in vermi-aquaponic systems: II. Strategies for sustainable and economic development: Fertilization practices in vermi-ponic unit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Under optimized biological and technical conditions, aquaponics provides more advantages than conventional (soil-based greenhouse) and hydroponic cultivations as the result of reusing the wastewater and thereby improving energy, water and nutrient use efficiency, productivity, financial gain, as well as plant and ecosystem health. Tomato is one of the most consumed nutritive vegetables and a good model plant for developing aquaponic techniques. So far, numerous attempts have been made to demonstrate the efficacy of safe use of materials and applying environmentally-safe materials in aquaponics. Optimizing the interacting species-specific responses, biological activities and operations management have the potential to maximize the performance of aquaponics. Thus, the advanced approaches from integrated inorganic-organic-bio fertilizers in different components of an aquaponic system and different aquaponic systems are evaluated in this work to make the most benefit of tomato production and aquaculture in vermi-aquaponics. Sustainable strategies are discussed to optimize fertilization and water quality in vermi-ponic unit, nutrient quality and biological balance in microalgae-bacteria consortia in different production units. The prospects of using integrated approaches by applying organic and aquatic recycled substrates for vermicompost preparation, vermicompost fortification, root-zone application and foliar sprays of biocompatible and bioagents and their interactions are discussed to enhance tomato yield and quality and suppress pests and diseases in vermi-aquaponic systems.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE CONTROLLED-RELEASE PROPERTIES OF NORFLOXACIN MICROENCAPSULATION

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this study, we determined the controlled-release properties of Norfloxacin(NFLX) microencapsulation which was embedded with chitosan. We approached this goal by examining the pharmacokinetic activity of NFLX in the plasma of Ctenopharyngodon idellus. The results showed that the base line was smooth and the object peak of NFLX was clearly separated from the others. The mean recovery rate of NFLX in plasma was(94.328±6.231)%. The results of the precision test were satisfying. The intra-days and extra-days precision values were 1.988% and 2.648% respectively. We compared the pharmacokinetic properties of embedded and un-embedded NFLX in the plasma of Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Chitosan was a key factor that accounted for the differences between these two groups. The embedded NFLX exhibited the delayed absorption speed, distribution, and elimination in the Plasma. The T1/2 ka of embedded group was about eight times higher than that of the un-embedded group. The T1/2α and T1/2β of the embedded group were much longer too. The Tp of embedded group was more than two times higher than that of the un-embedded group. The CLs of the embedded group was about half of that of the un-embedded group. The absorption speed of the 5-time embedded group was higher than that of the 10-time embedded group. The T1/2α and AUC of the 5-time embedded group were close to that of the 10-time embedded group. However, the absorption and elimination speeds of the former group were faster than those of the latter. The pharmacokinetic differences between norfloxacin-chitosan microcapsules and norfloxacin alone in grass carp suggested that the chitosan embedding should affect the release efficacy, the absorption, and metabolism of NFLX in fish. In real production we can use chitosan as a release agent to preserve the effects of NFLX and to delay absorption and metabolism of the drug in the organism, hereby to improve its effects.
Kryzys gospodarczy w latach 1979-1982 zwiastunem upadku PRL

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The article points to the important role of the economic crisis of 1979-1982 in the process of the collapse of the political and economic system imposed on Poland after 1944. Research method – The paper written on the basis of the economic history method, makes an extensive use of the available literature on the subject, the published documents of state authorities, archives, statistics and legal acts. Results – The Author proves that the end of the seventies, which is generally considered the best period in the economy of the People’s Republic of Poland, brought about a crisis and a recession lasting four years. Their causes lay in the erroneous economic policy of the Edward Gierek’s team and in the deformations of the economy management system stemming from older times. The crisis of 1979-1982 showed that the centrally planned economy system in Poland had exhausted its possibilities and even external capital injections were not able to compensate for the low efficiency and the wastafulness in “the real socialism”. Originality /value – The article is a contribution to the still lively, often fueled by contradictory arguments, discussion on the fall of the Polish People’s Republic.
Mikhail Goussarov

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A clover is a framed trivalent graph with some additional structure, embedded in a 3{manifold. We dene surgery on clovers, generalizing surgery on Y{graphs used earlier by the second author to dene a new theory of nite-type invari-ants of 3{manifolds. We give a systematic exposition of a topological calculus of clovers and use it to deduce some important results about the correspond-ing theory of nite type invariants. In particular, we give a description of the weight systems in terms of uni-trivalent graphs modulo the AS and IHX re-lations, reminiscent of the similar results for links. We then compare several de nitions of nite type invariants of homology spheres (based on surgery on Y{graphs, blinks, algebraically split links, and boundary links) and prove in a self-contained way their equivalence.
Structure—Activity Relationships of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Herbicidal protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) inhibitors are competitive with respect to protoporphyrinogen IX (Protogen). The most potent Protox inhibitors more closely mimic one half of the Protogen molecule. These compounds are all bicyclic, non-planar molecules, similar to one half of the Protogen tetrapyrrole macrocycle. Among diphenyl ether Protox inhibitors, molecular bulk and overall electrostatic potentials were most responsible for variations in herbicidal effects, although other factors such as lipophilicity were also important. From QSAR analyses of various classes of peroxidizing herbicides, it appears that Protox-inhibiting activity responds primarily to the substitutional modifications on the phenyl ring (p-nitrophenyl in diphenyl ethers). Furthermore, a substitution at the meta position on the p-chloro (phenopylate) or p-nitro (diphenyl ether) ring is essential for greatest herbicidal activity.
Methodology for target discrimination

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The objective is to distinguish the true target from point-target imitators and from extended-target clutter in the exoatmospheric regime. Matched filters are carefully studied from the viewpoint of SNR enhancement and pulse recognition. The matched filter structure takes into account photon noise, modulation noise, generation-recombination (GR) noise, contact noise, and various thermal noise sources. A multicolor radiant-intensity structure for target discrimination is developed by analyzing the uncertainties in such target irradiance parameters as range, temperature, projected area, and emissivity. Bias terms, variances, and other statistical descriptors are derived. Certain statistical discrimination techniques are discussed that exploit the radiant-intensity format. Helstrom's method for processing radar signals is adapted to a fourchannel pulse-recognition system for which degradation due to arrival time delays and mismatched filters is discussed.
Experience in conducting human-dimensional examination of innovative projects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article proposes methodological and methodological foundations for conducting a human-dimensional examination of innovative projects for the agro-industrial complex. The concept of human-dimensional expertise is proposed as an interdisciplinary assessment of the significance and forecasting of the prospects for use, socio-economic efficiency, risks, threats and consequences of the implementation of intersectoral innovation for the quality of life of a person, territorial population, and society. The article provides a step-by-step technology for conducting a human-dimensional examination. An example of such an examination is presented on the example of one of the projects of the Scientific and Educational Center "Innovative Solutions in Agroindustrial Complex" (Belgorod Region) on the topic "Creation and implementation of technology - an innovative analytical tool for assessing and shaping human resources in the agro-industrial complex of the Belgorod Region". As part of the demonstration, estimates of the main and industry indicators are presented, the positive and negative human-dimensional effects are highlighted, the conclusion on the conditions and restrictions on the implementation of innovations in the agro-industrial complex is justified. It is proposed to consider the proposed innovation for two levels of implementation: administrative-regional and individually-locally. The concentration of risks and negative probabilities identified by experts at the second level made it possible to put forward a proposal to refine the innovation before its final use, which made it possible to prevent possible social risks for the industry and the region.
Araneid orb-weavers (Araneae, Araneidae) associated with riparian forests in southern Brazil: a new species, complementary descriptions and new records

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, Mendonça, Milton De S. (2011): Araneid orb-weavers (Araneae, Araneidae) associated with riparian forests in southern Brazil: a new species, complementary descriptions and new records. Zootaxa 2759: 60-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201134
The Msh5 complex shows homeostatic localization in response to DNA double-strand breaks in yeast meiosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Meiotic crossing over is essential for the segregation of homologous chromosomes. The formation and distribution of meiotic crossovers (COs), which are initiated by the formation of double-strand break (DSB), are tightly regulated to ensure at least one CO per bivalent. One type of CO control, CO homeostasis, maintains a consistent level of COs despite fluctuations in DSB numbers. Here, we analyzed the localization of proteins involved in meiotic recombination in budding yeast xrs2 hypomorphic mutants which show different levels of DSBs. The number of cytological foci with recombinases, Rad51 and Dmc1, which mark single-stranded DNAs at DSB sites is proportional to the DSB numbers. Among the pro-CO factor, ZMM/SIC proteins, the focus number of Zip3, Mer3, or Spo22/Zip4, was linearly proportional to reduced DSBs in the xrs2 mutant. In contrast, foci of Msh5, a component of the MutSγ complex, showed a non-linear response to reduced DSBs. We also confirmed the homeostatic response of COs by genetic analysis of meiotic recombination in the xrs2 mutants and found a chromosome-specific homeostatic response of COs. Our study suggests that the homeostatic response of the Msh5 assembly to reduced DSBs was genetically distinct from that of the Zip3 assembly for CO control.
The effect of AgNO3 concentration on formation of Ag nanoparticles in Sol-Gel derived Ag-SiO2 thin films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this investigation, Ag-SiO2 thin films with different concentrations of Ag (0.2, 0.4, 1.6 and 8%) has been fabricated on soda-lime glass substrate using sol-gel method. After an annealing process, physical and chemical properties of the deposited silica films containing Ag nanoparticles have been studied including optical, topographical structural, morphological and size of the nanoparticle as well as their distribution using UV-visble spectrophotometery, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, respectively. Based on our data analysis, the Ag nanoparticles did not form in the samples with low (0.2%) and high Ag concentrations (8%), without any suitable annealing process. Instead, the nanoparticles were formed easily for the intermediate Ag concentrations. In fact, for the the low and high Ag concentration, the Ag nanoparticles formed at the annealing temperature of 200 º C. In addition, according to TEM observations, the minimum average size of the synthesized particles were determined about 4 hm for the thin films containing 0.2% Ag concentration.
Increased pain and sensory hyperinnervation of the ligamentum flavum in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Nociceptive sensory nerve fibers have never been investigated in the ligamentum flavum (LF) of patients with LSS. The aim was to analyze nociceptive sensory nerve fibers in the ligamentum flavum (LF) of patients with LSS. A prospective study in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) undergoing invasive surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) with flavectomy was performed. Patients with LSS were subjected to flavectomy and density of sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers, macrophages, vessels, activated fibroblasts, and cells were investigated by immunostaining techniques. A group of patients with acute disc herniation served as control group. We found a higher density of sensory nerve fibers in LSS patients versus controls. These findings support the role of LF in associated low back pain. Density of sensory nerve fibers in LSS, was positively correlated with typical markers of clinical pain and functional disability, but not with LF density of activated fibroblasts. Inflammation as estimated by macrophage infiltration and higher vascularity does not play a marked role in LF in our LSS patients. In the present study, compared to men with LSS, women with LSS demonstrate more pain and depression, and show a higher density of sensory nerve fibers in LF. This study shed new light on nociceptive nerve fibers, which are increased in LSS compared to controls. The findings speak against a strong inflammatory component in LSS. A higher pain levels in women compared to men can be explained by a higher density of nociceptive nerve fibers. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 9999:1–7, 2019.
Fluorescence Study of the Aggregation Behavior of Different Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions in the Presence and in the Absence of Gas

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The effect of dissolved gas (air, argon, butane) on the properties of aqueous surfactant micelles (aggregation number, microviscosity and micropolarity) has been investigated by means of time-resolved fluorescence quenching and spectrofluorometry on a large number of surfactant systems differing by the nature of the surfactant (anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, and nonionic) and the temperature. The investigated properties were found to be independent of the state of the system: air-saturated, argon-saturated, or degassed. In the particular case of micellar solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, where the measurements involved 10 identical solutions, the average aggregation numbers measured for air-saturated, argon-saturated, and degassed solutions differed by less than 1%. The results indicate that if the hydrophobic interaction, which is the driving force for micelle formation, is affected by the dissolved gas, this would be to a very small extent, well below the sensitivity level of the methods of investigation of micellar solutions used in this study.
Effects of Endovascular Irradiation with~(192)Ir Afterloading System on the Vascular Remodeling after Angioplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim To evaluate the effect and feasibility of domestic afterloading system in the prevention of restenosis after vascular angioplasty. Methods Atherosclerotic models in domestic microswine were established with the standard method of vascular injury plus hypercholesterol food. Angioplasty with oversized balloon was undertaken in bilateral internal and external iliac arteries in 16 weeks. The target vessels were randomized in to irradiation group and control group. 192 Ir afterloading system were employed for the endovascular irradiation therapy in irradiation group, and the radiation dose was 20～25 Gy. The target vessels were harvested for the study of vascular remodeling at the end of the 12th week and the 24th week respectively. Results The areas of intima and media were smaller, but the residual cavity areas were larger significantly in irradiation group than in control group (P0.01, 0.05, 0.01, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the two areas beneath external elastic lamina (P0.05). Conclusion Endovascular irradiation with 192 Ir afterloading system might reduce restenosis by effecting the vascular remodeling after angioplasty.
Article: The Fundamental Freedoms and the Taxation of Dividends Received by Non-resident Investment Funds: Some Thoughts on Non-discrimination With a Special Focus on Recent ECJ Case Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This objective of this article is to discuss outbound cases involving investment funds focusing particularly on the issue of discrimination. The motivation to engage in this inquiry is two-fold. On the one hand, the fund taxation systems in Fidelity and Köln-Aktie Deka Funds include requirements not found in those fund taxation regimes subject to ECJ scrutiny long ago. It is of interest to analyse to what extent this can make a difference. Secondly, the opinions of AG Saugmandsgaard Øe in A SCPI and AG Kokott in Allianzgi merit a closer examination. In the case of the former, it is the AG’s unique approach to comparability that necessitates analysis. In the latter case, it is the variety of far-reaching questions raised by this complex case. EU law, comparability, ECJ, investment funds, fundamental freedoms, Allianzgi, A SCPI, Fidelity, Köln-Aktie Deka Funds.