jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Metaplastic spindle cell carcinoma of the breast in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a unique case of a 67-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1, who was also diagnosed with metaplastic spindle cell carcinoma of the left breast. She had many neurofibromatosis lesions on her body, as well as the mass in the left breast. After the breast mass was diagnosed as a malignant mesenchymal tumor by core needle biopsy, the patient underwent left modified radical mastectomy. Subsequently, the pathological analysis of the tumor showed it to be a metaplastic spindle cell carcinoma. The co-occurrence of neurofibromatosis type 1 and breast cancer, in particular metaplastic spindle cell carcinoma, is very rare.
Rabelais among the Censors (1940s, 1540s)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| October 01 1990 Rabelais among the Censors (1940s, 1540s) Natalie Zemon Davis Natalie Zemon Davis Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Representations (1990) 32: 1–32. https://doi.org/10.2307/2928793 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Natalie Zemon Davis; Rabelais among the Censors (1940s, 1540s). Representations 1 October 1990; 32 1–32. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2928793 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentRepresentations Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1990 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A Survey on Textual Entailment: Benchmarks, Approaches and Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Textual Entailment Recognition (TER), also known as natural language inference, is a crucial task in natural language processing that combines many fundamental aspects of language understanding. TER focuses on predicting the inference relationship between text fragments. Given two sentences (known as premise and hypothesis), the goal is to determine if the meaning of the hypothesis can be entailed/inferred from the premise. Understanding this relationship between two texts can be helpful in several tasks, such as information retrieval, semantic parsing, and common-sense reasoning. This survey paper provides an overview of TER and its variants and applications. We then highlighted TER benchmark datasets for various languages and the main approaches that have been proposed to tackle the problem for a better understanding of the progress this task has reached.
Understanding and use of emotional intelligence among clinical nursing instructors

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore clinical nursing instructors understanding and use of emotional intelligence (EI). Emotional intelligence can be defined as “the ability to monitor one’s own and other’s feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and actions” (Salovey & Mayer, 1990, p.189). Mayer and Salovey’s Four-Branch Model of Emotional Intelligence was used as a conceptual framework to examine nine clinical nursing instructors’ experiences of how they perceive and use EI in their clinical practice. Data was collected over a 3-month period using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using open coding to categorize and develop themes. Two major themes and several subthemes emerged from the data to describe clinical nursing instructors’ understanding and use of EI. The two themes identified were Emotional Awareness and Managing Emotions. This study demonstrated that clinical nursing instructors have the ability to perceive and use emotions in themselves and others. This is an important finding, as advancing nursing education with emotionally intelligent educators will assist in meeting the demands of evolving health care needs. Although there are nursing studies that explore emotional intelligence in nursing and nursing students, there has only been one study examining emotional intelligence and clinical nursing instructors. This exploratory, qualitative study adds to the knowledge of EI and clinical nursing instructors, contributing to a better understanding of clinical nursing instructors’ perceptions and use of EI.
Mode of Action Analysis and Human Relevance of Liver Tumors Induced by PPARα Activation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The information in this document has been funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Risk Factors in Suburban Tamil Nadu

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in India. HTN prevalence data are predominantly available for urban and rural populations in India but not in the mushrooming suburban areas. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of HTN and associated risk factors in suburban Tamil Nadu. Methods: In this Kovai Medical Center Hospital Non-Communicable Disease Study, we enrolled adults >20 years of age residing at Thadagam (suburban) in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India. All participants had a detailed questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Blood samples were taken for glycosylated hemoglobin, nonfasting lipid profile, and serum creatinine. Prevalence of HTN (self-reported cases of HTN or systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg) was estimated. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing HTN. Results: A total of 1030 participants were involved in this study. The prevalence of HTN was 47.1% in this area, with similar prevalence in both genders. The ratio of known HTN to newly diagnosed HTN was 1:1.3. Nearly 5% of adults between 20 and 39 years had HTN in this cohort. On multivariate logistic regression, after adjustment for age and sex, HTN was significantly associated with diabetes and atherosclerosis. Conclusions: This study identified a high prevalence of HTN in suburban region of Tamil Nadu. Aggressive screening protocols and targeted treatment are the need of the hour to reduce the burden of HTN and cardiovascular diseases in suburban India.
The role of metabolic syndrome in sudden cardiac death risk: Recent evidence and future directions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a frequent condition whose deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system are often underestimated. MetS is nowadays considered a real pandemic with an estimated prevalence of 25% in general population. Individuals with MetS are at high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) as this condition accounts for 50% of all cardiac deaths in such a population. Of interest, recent studies demonstrated that individuals with MetS show 70% increased risk of SCD even without previous history of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, little is known about the interplay between the two conditions. MetS is a complex disease determined by genetic predisposition, unhealthy lifestyle and ageing with deleterious effects on different organs. MetS components trigger a systemic chronic low‐grade pro‐inflammatory state, associated with excess of sympathetic activity, cardiac hypertrophy, arrhythmias and atherosclerosis. Thus, MetS has an important burden on the cardiovascular system as demonstrated by both preclinical and clinical evidence. The aim of this review is to summarize recent evidence concerning the association between MetS and SCD, showing possible common aetiological processes, and to indicate prospective for future studies and therapeutic targets.
TV, Boon or Bane? Participation and a Televised Town Meeting

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As a public participation tool, television has been particularly vexing for planners who see promise in its ability to reach large audiences, but have issues with its expense and love of “sound-bites”. In 2009, a regional planning organization in the middle of the USA put the power of television to the test with a live televised town meeting. This study evaluates the event's effectiveness using democratic principles. The program was successful at reaching huge numbers in a short time period, at being inspiring, at increasing political efficacy, and at creating networks. It fell short, however, where the medium of television is inherently undemocratic (in the timing and scheduling of the show and engagement, in expense, and in reinforcing passivity). Comparing the strengths and weaknesses of television reveals that planners can use television to its best participatory advantage when they focus on collaborative participation and when they have realistic expectations.
Fungal Quorum Quenching: A Paradigm Shift for Energy Savings in Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) for Wastewater Treatment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In the last 30 years, the use of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for advanced wastewater treatment and reuse have been expanded continuously, but they still suffer from excessive energy consumption resulting from the intrinsic problem of membrane biofouling. One of the major causes of biofouling in MBRs is bacterial quorum sensing (QS) via N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) and/or autoinducer-2 (AI-2), enabling intra- and interspecies communications, respectively. In this study, we demonstrate that farnesol can substantially mitigate membrane biofouling in a MBR due to its quorum quenching (QQ) activity. When Candida albicans (a farnesol producing fungus) entrapping polymer beads (AEBs) were placed in the MBR, the rate of transmembrane pressure (TMP) rise-up was substantially decreased, even for lower aeration intensities. This finding corresponds to a specific aeration energy savings of approximately 40% (25% through the physical washing effect and a further 15% through the biological QQ effect of AEBs) compared to conventional MBRs without AEBs. A real-time RT-qPCR analysis revealed that farnesol secreted from C. albicans mitigated the biofilm formation in MBRs via the suppression of AI-2 QS. Successful control of biofouling and energy savings through fungal-to-bacterial QQ could be expanded to the plant scale for MBRs in wastewater treatment with economic feasibility.
Effects of 3-hydroxybutyrate on the hypoxic and reoxygenated atria from fed and fasted rats.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

When exposed to hypoxia, the isolated atria from fed rats released lactate into the medium and underwent a decline of the peak developed tension and pacemaker frequency. The atria from 24-h fasted rats showed a rise in the resting tension together with a greater decline of the pacemaker rate and a lower lactate output than those from fed rats. The exposure to 5 mM 3-hydroxybutyrate caused only a small and brief decline in the pacemaker rate in the fed rats atria indicating that ketone bodies are able to exert only a minor detrimental effect on the hypoxic atria. Since the lactate output remained unaffected, this effect cannot be ascribed to a lowering in the energy supply from anaerobic glycolysis. On the contrary, 3-hydroxybutyrate improved the post-hypoxic recovery of the peak tension in the atria from fasted rats. This finding may be reflecting an anaplerotic role of 3-hydroxybutyrate, thus suggesting that in addition to glucose a second substrate is needed to meet the energy demand in the reoxygenated atria from fasted rats.
Prevalence and factors associated with surfactant use in Brazilian Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A multilevel analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The treatment with exogenous surfactant reduces mortality and the risk of complications in preterm newborns with Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Higher usage levels have been associated with individual and institutional factors. The study aimed to identify these factors associated with use of this technology in 16 public Brazilian Neonatal Units using logistic multilevel analysis. In a sample of 630 newborns the use at some time was 82.6%. Only 24.7% made use of this technology up to two hours after birth. An intraclass correlation of 0.30 showed that 30% of the variance in the use of exogenous surfactant could be assigned to the contextual level. In the final model, a greater severity score (SNAPPE-II) was associated with increased surfactant use (OR = 2.64), whereas being small for gestational age (SGA) (OR = 0.59) was associated with lower use of this technology. At the contextual level the number of beds in the unit >15 (OR = 5.86), units with higher complexity (OR = 1.73) or units with implemented Kangaroo Mother Care (OR = 2.91), especially units in Rio de Janeiro state (OR = 16.17) were associated with greater surfactant use. Although individual clinical features explained most of the variation in the use of this technology, factors linked to the institution were also of utmost importance.
Biomarkers and molecular profiling in non-small cell lung cancer: an expanding role and its managed care implications.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancerrelated mortality in the world. The American Cancer Society estimated that in 2013, the disease will account for almost 159,500 deaths in the United States, or approximately 27% of all cancer deaths in the country. Lung cancer accounts for about 14% and 12% of all new cancer diagnoses in males and females, respectively, and nearly 70% of patients with lung cancer will present with locally advanced or metastatic disease at initial diagnosis. Despite evidence-based recommendations and clinical guidelines that support the utility of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing in improving targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common form of lung cancer, EGFR testing continues to be underutilized, as the procedure may cost up to $1000 and require up to 2 weeks for results. Additional research and data collection will be needed to ascertain the costeffectiveness and role of molecular testing and targeted therapies in the management of NSCLC. This article reviews the current testing strategy and treatment guidelines, and provides a pharmacoeconomic evaluation of the use of EGFR testing to guide the management of NSCLC in today's cost-constrained healthcare environment.
Street Politics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Early in Elizabeth Robins' novel The Convert, a male character — lamenting the changes he observes in his female acquaintances — ascribes two destinations to the woman who leaves the home (the proper location, pace Ruskin, of such 'thrones'): the speaker's platform and public transportation. The linkage of mobility with the public sphere is an apposite one for this chapter, which examines two narratives of mobile and politically active women in the early twentieth century in order to explore how the movement of women across different spaces was linked to the mobilisation of a radical political agency. Central to both the performance of radical politics and the movement of women in these novels is the location of London. As Liz Conor has argued, 'The entry of women into metropolitan space was shaped by representations of feminine types who were not at home in the home' such as the suffragette, the shop girl and the leisured shopper whose presence in urban spaces not only 'urbanised' women but feminised modernity (2004: 49; see also Rappaport 2000: 126). In The Convert and Clash, London is not only identified with the pace and exhilaration of modernity, it is also contested political terrain and as such both enables and restricts women's freedom of movement. As the protagonists of these novels move between private spaces and public sites in the city, their presence is a conduit for the circulation and contestation of political claims and ideas.KeywordsPublic SphereUrban SpacePolitical AgencyGeneral StrikeMining TownThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Prevalence of hepatitis C among injection drug users in England and Wales: is harm reduction working?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to establish the prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV) and hepatitis B antibodies (anti-HBc) among injection drug users in England and Wales. METHODS: A voluntary cross-sectional survey collected oral fluid samples and behavioral information; 2203 injectors were recruited through drug agencies, and 758 were recruited in the community. RESULTS: Prevalence was 30% for anti-HCV, 21% for anti-HBc, and 0.9% for HIV antibodies. Anti-HCV prevalence rates were significantly greater among those with longer injecting careers, those in older age groups, those residing in London, those recruited in drug agencies, those positive for anti-HBc, and those with a previous voluntary HIV test. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-HCV prevalence rates among injectors in England and Wales, where comprehensive harm reduction programs exist, are lower than rates in other industrialized countries.
University and Industrial City Transition

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In advanced western countries, many industrial cities have developed new strategies of development after industry decline. These strategies share some similarities like emphasize on building environment to attract business. Followed this trend is heavy input on higher education. This thesis is conducted to understand these trends and find the correlations. Conceptually, it combines and discusses approaches to urban issues from different perspectives, including Creative Class approach, human capital theory, urban entrepreneurialism and welfare capitalism, with the purpose to account for relevant studies and provide multiple context explanations. The empirical part is a case study of the transition of the former industrial city Malmö to a knowledge city, with a focus on the decision-making process and the role played by Malmö University. The thesis asks two questions: Why did Malmö choose to become a knowledge city? What role does Malmö University play in the transition of Malmö? By seeking the answers to these two questions, the thesis aims to provide an extensive and deep explanation for this phenomenon and open up a holistic context to understand the changes and situations modern cities are confronted with.
Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells by a Novel Synthetic C-1 Analogue of 7-deoxypancratistatin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pancreatic cancer is amongst the deadliest cancers in the world.It is associated with poor prognosis, is notorious for developing chemoresistance, and very few approved chemotherapeutics are available to treat this disease.The natural compound pancratistatin (PST) has shown to effectively induce cytotoxicity selectively in numerous cancer cell types.However, it is present in only minute quantities in its natural source and many complications have burdened its chemical synthesis.We have overcome these bottlenecks by synthesizing a C-1 acetoxymethyl analogue of 7-deoxypancratistatin, JC-TH-acetate-4 (JCTH-4), which we have shown to have similar selective anti-cancer activity to that of PST.In this report, we show JCTH-4 to be a potent chemotherapeutic against pancreatic cancer cells (BxPC-3, PANC-1).It induced apoptosis selectively in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells by targeting the mitochondria; it dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential, caused release of apoptogenic factors, and in isolated mitochondria, increased the generation of reactive oxygen species.Furthermore, JCTH-4 selectively induced autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells while normal human fetal fibroblasts were markedly less sensitive to JCTH-4 insult.Altogether, this study outlines JCTH-4 as a potentially safe and effective chemotherapeutic agent in treating notoriously chemoresistant pancreatic cancer.
Effects of cocoa clones and fermentation times on physical and chemical characteristics of cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effects of cocoa clones and fermentation time on the physical and chemical characteristics of cocoa beans has been examined. This study used cocoa pods of superior clones, namely Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, and MCC 02 clones cultivated in East Luwu , South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Prior to the fermentation, the mature cocoa pods were stored for six days. Fermentation took place for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours using fermentation boxes made of styrofoam with the capacity of box is 7 kg of wet beans. The drying of the cocoa beans used sun drying method. The results showed that the interaction between fermentation time and type of clones have significantly affected moisture content, proportion of cocoa nibs and shells, and fat content; but the interaction of the both had no significant effect on pH of cocoa nibs and FFA content. In general, the Sulawesi 2 clone had better physical and chemical characteristics than those of the Sulawesi 1 and MCC 02 clones.
Policy research and promotional strategies: linking policy research to CASS/UP’s Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The programme recognizes that communities can overcome poverty if they create among themselves a new vision for the future, work together to achieve this vision, and are assisted with appropriate resources and technological capacity to implement their development initiatives. IRDP aims to establish a model for eradicating rural poverty through support, initially for three years, of development initiatives in nine rural sites in six countries in southern Africa, namely Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland and Zimbabwe. IRDP developed four main objectives for its work in southern Africa: • To mobilize rural communities to work together, optimizing their institutional capacities to support sustainable and integrated development • To increase community capacity towards sustainable development, especially among economically marginalized groups, • To increase the capacity of individuals, families and communities to follow healthy and defensive lifestyles • To develop community capacity especially among women and the youth in life skills, family and community values, and sensitive and responsible leadership. To achieve these objectives, IRDP has taken an approach that includes, among many other things, adopting and advocating for policies that favour sustainable rural development at selected sites, national and SADC levels. IRDP further developed six cross-cutting impact services that provide strategic support to the whole programme, aiming to increase the programme’s impact, and therefore, chances of its success. The services function at the programme management and community levels, and consist of: monitoring and evaluation, technology, organizational learning, networking, communication, and public policy and promotion. This document has been written to highlight how public policy and promotion, the last in the list above, can be utilized to further IRDP’s objectives, as well as suggesting methodologies for using this service within the programme.
A conference paper on rural development integrated programmes in Zimbabwe.