jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ex vivo Mechanical Testing of Various Suture Patterns for Use in Plating as a Repair Method for Tendon Rupture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: There is some evidence that tendon plating may be a superior method of maintaining tendon apposition during the healing process, but the literature currently describes multiple suture patterns used to attach the plate to the tendon with no evidence of efficacy. The present study seeks to examine the differences between the suture patterns currently described as well as a novel pattern.
Available land for cellulosic biofuel production: a supply chain centered comparison

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The land that is potentially available to produce dedicated cellulosic bioenergy crops, often referred to as ‘marginal’ land, depends heavily on the underlying assumptions used to classify and identify it. In this study we compare three definitions and types of marginal land to identify the interactions between the bioenergy landscape and the logistics networks needed for the biofuel supply chain. Typical studies of the scale, cost, and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential of cellulosic biofuel take a land-centered approach which may neglect to account for the trade-offs between establishing bioenergy crops and the supply chain design decisions needed to allow those crops to be converted to liquid fuel. A mathematical programming approach is used to minimize the total annualized cost of a large-scale field-to-product system producing bioethanol in the USA midwest. Results show that a high concentration of marginal land leads to efficient systems and that the bioenergy landscape design becomes increasingly important with a higher emphasis on GHG mitigation. Additionally, targeted landscape design (including fertilization) with a focus on fields with high soil carbon sequestration potential can greatly reduce the system-wide GHG emissions for only a small increase in the unit cost of biofuel.
A prospective cohort study on the effect of epidural labor analgesia on syndecan-1 in patients with preeclampsia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ObjectiveTo evaluate the treatment effects of epidural labor analgesia on syndecan-1 in patients with preeclampsia.
MethodsDuring Jan., 2016 and Dec., 2017, 150 unipara females with preeclampsia and gestational age>37 weeks were enrolled in the prospective cohort study.They were devided into intervention and control group (n=75 in each group) with and without epidural labor analgesia, based on whether epidural labor analgesia applications were made by the patients at the first examination of cervical dilation of 2 cm.The primary outcomes were mean change and change rate of syndecan-1 from baseline to 2 h post-treatment, and the secondary outcomes were visual analogue scale (VAS), IL-6 level and mean arterial pressure (MAP).
ResultsAbsolute change of syndecan-1 from baseline to 2 h post-baseline was (-11.49±82.80) ng/mL in the intervention group and (45.09±55.14) ng/mL in the control group, respectively.There was a significant difference in mean change of syndecan-1 between the two groups (P < 0.001).Similarly, the intervention group exhibited a greater reduction in change rate of syndecan-1 compared with the control group (P < 0.001).Moreover, the intervention group had greater reduction in VAS and MAP compared with the control group (P < 0.001 for both).There was no significant difference in IL-6 level between the two groups.
ConclusionsEpidural labor analgesia was associated with greater reduction in syndecan-1, VAS and MAP compared with the control condition.In contrast, administration of epidural analgesia did not significantly change IL-6 level.
Exploratory analysis of trifluridine/tipiracil in late-stage metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Prognostic factors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

24 Background: Trifluridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is effective in pts with refractory mCRC. Enrollment into in the RECOURSE trial was allowed only for pts with ECOG < 1 pts, while real world pts may have a lower ECOG. In addition, predictive markers for the efficacy of FTD/TPI at late stage are open. This exploratory analysis assessed outcome of mCRC pts (including ECOG PS ≥ 2) upon FTD/TPI treatment by prognostic factors in the real world setting. Methods: This cohort included mCRC pts who were treated with FTD/TPI from 01/2016 until 08/2019 at two large volume CRC centers in Germany. Pts were classified with good prognosis characteristics (GPC) according to Tabernero et al. (abstract 677, ASCO-GI 2019) defined by 1 or 2 metastatic sites and time since diagnosis of first metastases ≥ 18 mo. Pts of this group without liver metastases had the best prognostic characteristics. Pts with poor prognostic characteristics (PPC) were characterized by ≥ 3 metastases sites and time since diagnosis of first metastases ≤ 18 mo. Results: A total of 44 mCRC pts were included in this analysis (mean age 62.5 yrs; 22 males and 22 females). Within the GPC population (n=28; median age 67 yrs; KRAS wt n= 21; KRAS mt n= 7; ECOG 0-1 n= 23; ECOG ≥ 2n=7) 6 pts were alive up to 08/2019 and 4 were lost to FU. Four pts of the GPC were without liver metastases. Within the PPC group (n=16; median age 59 yrs; KRAS wt n= 6; KRAS mt n= 10; ECOG 0-1 n= 15; ECOG ≥ 2 n=1) 2 pts were alive and 2 were lost to FU. The mPFS and mOS of the GPC group (n=18) were 2,15 mo (range 0,62-10,13) and 4,63 mo (range 0,95-14,39), respectively. The mPFS and mOS of the PPC group (n=12) were 1,31 mo (range 0,76-9,72) and 4,72 mo (range 0,76-16,61), respectively. Pts with an ECOG ≥ 2 had a mOS of 2,76 mo (range 0,95-6,92), and a mPFS 1,67 mo (range 0,53-1,77). Conclusions: GPC and PPC group pts treated with FTD/TPI differed with respect to mPFS, but these pts had a comparable mOS in the real world setting. PFS and OS were lower when compared to the Tabernero analysis of the RECOURSE trial, which may reflect the real world setting. Inclusion of pts with an ECOG of ≥ 2 was feasible but showed poor survival data in the third line. Nevertheless, all pts with mCRC benefited from FTD/TPI treatment.
Spatiotemporal variability in radial growth of trees in the Central Pyrenees: climatic and site influences.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

To understand how tree growth has responded to recent climate warming, an understanding of the tree-climate-site complex is necessary. To achieve this, radial growth variability among 204 trees established before 1850 was studied in relation to both climatic and site factors. Seventeen forest stands were sampled in the Spanish Central Pyrenees. Three species were studied: Pinus uncinata, Abies alba, and Pinus sylvestris. For each tree, a ring-width residual chronology was built. All trees cross-dated well, indicating a common influence of the regional climate. For the 1952-1993 period, the radial growth of all species, especially P. uncinata, was positively correlated with warm Novembers during the year before ring formation and warm Mays of the year the annual ring formed. Differences in species-stand elevation modulated the growth-climate associations. Radial growth in P. uncinata at high elevation sites was reduced when May temperatures were colder and May precipitation more abundant. In the 20th century, two contrasting periods in radial growth were observed: one (1900-1949) with low frequency of narrow and wide rings, low mean annual sensitivity, and low common growth variation; and another (1950-1994) with the reverse characteristics. The increased variability in radial growth since the 1950s was observed for all species and sites, which suggests a climatic cause. The low shared variance among tree chronologies during the first half of the 20th century may result from a"relaxation" of the elevation gradient, allowing local site conditions to dominate macroclimatic influence. These temporal trends may be related to the recently reported increase of climatic variability and warmer conditions. This study emphasizes the need to carefully assess the relationships between radial growth and site conditions along ecological gradients to improve dendroclimatic reconstructions.
Promoting More Efficient Use of Urban Areas in Developing Countries: An Alternative

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Planners can apply a relatively simple and user-friendly tool to control the expansion of urban areas in developing countries. This tool, presented here, is based on a traditional accessibility index, which may be taken as a measure of urban development. The entire process of construction and analysis of the networks based on the accessibility index was carried out using a geographic information system for transportation (GIS-T). The tool has been tested in São Carlos, a medium-sized Brazilian city, in which the effects of some proposed real estate developments on the accessibility patterns have been studied. The results of this application show that the tool is suitable for selecting the best site for a new development among many alternatives, promoting more efficient use of the urban area.
Symposium 5: Design for networked learning: A case study in health science

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Higher education (HE) institutions have been transforming dramatically since the pandemic started late 2019 and early 2020. After an initial period of emergency online teaching and learning, HE educators have focused our energy on supporting students' learning in a complex dynamic learning environment, where digital/online - material/physical - social elements are interwoven and interrelated. Networked learning can be a useful medium for us in this complex context. This paper explores a case study of design for networked learning in a health science postgraduate course. The course was designed in the context of a New Zealand university. The paper will examine how the course design reflects the eight principles of design for networked learning, and proposes some recommendations on design for networked learning at a course level. It links practice and theories, and illustrates how networked learning is unpacked in the context of the course design. While the current paper focuses on the design of the course, it is suggested that future research should conduct an evaluation of the design and develop empirical studies on students' and teacher's experience.
A survey of the Lepismatidae (Insecta Zygentoma) from Sar Uanle (Somalia)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two new species of Lepismatidae (Insecta Zygentoma) are described from the Sar Uanle dunal system in southern Somalia: Acrotelsella giubana n. sp. and Ctenolepisma somaliensis n. sp. and they are compared with the closer known species. A key is given for the females of the Afrotropical Acrotelsella and the new Ctenolepisma inserted previously published keys to the Afrotropical species of this genus. Two species, newly reported for the same area, Acrotelsa collaris (Fabricius 1793) and Heterolepisma bisentosa (Carpenter 1916) are recorded and the last, known previously only from the Seychelles, is redescribed.
Hypersonic flight [scramjet aircraft propulsion]

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Current turbojet engines cannot propel an aircraft to hypersonic speeds -their spinning shafts and compressors would simply collapse. To solve this problem, groups in the United States, Japan, Australia, and other countries are working on a propulsion system that burns fuel combined with air flowing at supersonic speeds through the engine, which is essentially a metallic funnel, with no moving parts. These so-called supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjet) engines, outlined in this article, could in theory propel an aircraft to Mach 10 and eventually even more.
Evolution of health web certification through the HONcode experience.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Today, the Web is a media with increasing pervasiveness around the world. Its use is constantly growing and the medical field is no exception. With this large amount of information, the problem is no longer about finding information but assessing the credibility of the publishers as well as the relevance and accuracy of the documents retrieved from the web. This problem is particularly relevant in the medical area which has a direct impact on the well-being of citizens and in the Web 2.0 context where information publishing is easier than ever. To address the quality of the medical Internet, the HONcode certification proposed by the Health On the Net Foundation (HON) is certainly the most successful initiative. The aims of this paper are to present certification activity through the HONcode experience and to show that certification is more complex than a simple code of conduct. Therefore, we first present the HONcode, its application and its current evolutions. Following that, we give some quantitative results and describe how the final user can access the certified information.
Interviewing older men at an interdisciplinary pain clinic: the journey to chronic pain and treatment experience

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The relationship between sources of acute pain and its persistence as chronic pain is complex, involving multiple systems that include emotional, cognitive, and interpersonal functioning. This study explored the lived experiences of male patients ( N = 14) at an interdisciplinary chronic pain clinic and is based on two major themes: (1) the journey to chronic pain; and (2) experiences within treatment settings. The purpose of the study was to investigate the lived experiences of men living with chronic pain conditions in relation to masculine identity in their everyday contexts. Interview material was collected in 2019 from 14 male patients at a chronic pain clinic using a life-world interviewing approach. Participant validation interviews took place to verify the findings. Team data analysis, thematic network diagrams, and tabulations were used for a thematic analysis of transcripts and interview data. The narratives included distress, losses, adjustment, and other psychosocial sequelae linked to the meaning of living with chronic pain in relation to masculine identity and ageing. The men experienced the chronic pain clinic to be supportive and helpful, although with significant challenges of access and treatment, which they associated with having to adjust and adapt. The affective, cognitive, and social components were highly relevant in the participants’ accounts and therefore crucial considerations for the effective, contextualized, and responsive management of chronic pain among persons living with chronic pain.
Spatial Correlation-Based Incremental Learning for Spatiotemporal Modeling of Battery Thermal Process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The thermal effect has a significant impact on the performance of a lithium-ion battery. Thus, modeling the thermal process, which always involves unknown boundary heat exchange, is significant to battery management. Two critical issues should be addressed for the thermal process modeling: 1) the nominal model, which is constructed offline, can be updated efficiently to compensate for any online disturbances; and 2) the influence of previous and recent spatiotemporal dynamics may be varying and should be handled properly. Bearing these in mind, in this paper, a spatial correlation-based incremental learning technique is designed for spatiotemporal modeling. First, the incremental learning technique is developed to update the dominant spatial basis functions of the nominal model, which is constructed by a time/space separation-based method. Then, a forgetting factor is incorporated into the incremental learning technique to handle time-varying dynamics. Additionally, the popular approximator, that is, the radial basis function neural network, is utilized to identify the low-dimensional temporal model. Simulations and experiments on a pouch type battery with boundary heat exchange have demonstrated the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed modeling method.
Elucidating the Cellular Mechanism for E2-induced Dermal Fibrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Both TGFb and estradiol (E2), a form of estrogen, are pro-fibrotic in the skin. In the connective tissue disease, systemic sclerosis (SSc), both TGFb and E2 are likely pathogenic. Yet, the regulation of TGFb in E2-induced dermal fibrosis remains ill-defined. Elucidating those regulatory mechanisms will improve the understanding of fibrotic disease pathogenesis and set the stage for developing potential therapeutics. Using E2-stimulated primary human dermal fibroblasts in vitro and human skin tissue ex vivo, we identified the important regulatory proteins for TGFb and investigated the extracellular matrix (ECM) components that are directly stimulated by E2-induced TGFb signaling.Methods: We used primary human dermal fibroblasts in vitro and human skin tissue ex vivo stimulated with E2 or vehicle (ethanol) to measure TGFb1, TGFb2 levels using quantitative PCR (qPCR). To identify the necessary cell signaling proteins in E2-induced TGFb1 and TGFb2 transcription, human dermal fibroblasts were pre-treated with an inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/ mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway, U0126. Finally, human skin tissue ex vivo was pre-treated with SB-431542, a TGFb receptor inhibitor, to establish the effects of TGFb signaling on E2-induced collagen 22A1 (Col22A1) transcription. Statistical tests used included parametric and non-parametric ANOVA, student’s T-test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. Significance was defined as p-value ≤ 0.05.Results: We found that TGFb1, TGFb2, and collagen 22A1 (Col22A1), a TGFb-responsive gene, are induced in response to E2 stimulation. Mechanistically, Col22A1 induction is blocked by the TGFb receptor inhibitor SB-431542, despite E2 stimulation. Additionally, inhibiting E2-induced ERK/MAPK activation and early growth response 1 (EGR1) transcription prevents E2-induced increase in TGFb1 and TGFb2 transcription and translation. Conclusions: We conclude that E2-induced dermal fibrosis occurs in part through induction of TGFb1, 2 and Col22A1, which is regulated through EGR1 and the MAPK pathway. Thus, blocking estrogen signaling and/or production may be a novel therapeutic option in pro-fibrotic diseases.
U-Spin Symmetry Test of the Σ ∗+ Electromagnetic Decay

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This dissertation presents analysis for electromagnetic decay of the Σ0 (1385) from the reaction γ p → K + Σ∗0. Also presented is the first ever measurement of the electromagnetic decay of the Σ +(1385) from the reaction γ p → K0Σ∗+. Both results are extracted from the g11a data set taken using the CLAS detector at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. A real photon beam with a maximum energy of 3.8 GeV was incident on a liquid hydrogen target during the experiment resulting in the photoproduction of the kaon and Σ ∗ hyperons. Kinematic fitting is used to separate signal from background in each case. For the first time, a method to kinematically fit the neutron in the Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EC) of CLAS was performed, leading to a high statistics study of the neutron resolutions in the EC. New techniques in neutron resolution matching for Monte Carlo simulation using dynamic variable smearing are also developed. The results from the Σ0 (1385) electromagnetic decay lead to smaller statistical and systematic uncertainties than the previous measurement by Taylor et al. A U-spin symmetry test using the U-spin SU(3) multiplet representation gave a prediction for the Σ∗+ → Σ + γ partial width and the Σ∗0 → Λγ partial width. The latter agrees, within the
Neural Style Transfer via Meta Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we propose a noval method to generate the specified network parameters through one feed-forward propagation in the meta networks for neural style transfer. Recent works on style transfer typically need to train image transformation networks for every new style, and the style is encoded in the network parameters by enormous iterations of stochastic gradient descent, which lacks the generalization ability to new style in the inference stage. To tackle these issues, we build a meta network which takes in the style image and generates a corresponding image transformation network directly. Compared with optimization-based methods for every style, our meta networks can handle an arbitrary new style within 19 milliseconds on one modern GPU card. The fast image transformation network generated by our meta network is only 449 KB, which is capable of real-time running on a mobile device. We also investigate the manifold of the style transfer networks by operating the hidden features from meta networks. Experiments have well validated the effectiveness of our method. Code and trained models will be released.
A Review On The Use Of Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet) As Aggregates In Concrete

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Massive amount of plastic and polymer products are being produced worldwide on a daily basis. Most of these are intended to be recycled, but the reality is quite different. Statistics show that the percentage of recyclable plastic and polymer products that are actually recycled is very insignificant. These plastic products are mostly non-biodegradable. As a result, they persist in the environment as potential pollutants. Hence there have been countless attempts to reuse these plastic products through versatile applications. This paper attempts to compile the studies which explored the reusability of plastic products in structural concrete. The principal focus will be on use of recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) in structural concrete in various forms. This study concludes that incorporating PET as a supplementary material in different forms has both beneficial and harmful impacts on various fresh and hardened properties of concretes and thus should be considered for comprehensive investigation. Keywords: PET; fresh concrete; concrete composites; supplementary materials; sustainable building material.
Contents list

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Permissions Request permissions Contents list Chem. Soc. Rev., 2023, 52, 4521 DOI: 10.1039/D3CS90062B This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given. Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.
ChatGPT in language teaching and learning: Exploring the road we’re travelling

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This introduction to the special issue examines the integration of ChatGPT and similar generative AI technologies in language teaching and learning. It examines the rapid evolution of AI tools since 2022, with particular focus on their applications in educational settings and the mixed responses they have generated among educators and learners. While some educators embrace these tools for their potential to automate and enhance instructional tasks, others express concern over issues such as academic integrity, accuracy, and potential job displacement. This special issue explores various perspectives on the use of ChatGPT, including its benefits in providing non-judgmental feedback, aiding material creation, and enhancing language practice, alongside challenges like ethical use, student over-reliance, and the evolving digital literacy demands for both teachers and students. The collection of articles in this special issue seeks to balance the hype with practical insights and offers a framework for understanding the nuanced impacts of generative AI on second language education.