jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characterizing correlations among disease severity measures in osteochondral tissues from osteoarthritic knees

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease with biologic, biomechanical, and clinical heterogeneity among patients. Relationships among OA tissue metabolism, histopathology, and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition have not been well characterized. It was hypothesized that moderate ( r = .4‐.69) to strong ( r > .7) correlations exist among these different measures of disease severity in osteochondral tissues from OA knees. Joint surfaces were obtained from patients (n = 6) undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Osteochondral explants (n = 136) were created and cultured for 3 days. Culture media were collected for biomarker analyses, and tissue was assessed for viability, histological scoring, and ECM composition. Correlations among media biomarker concentrations, histological scoring, ECM composition, and viability were determined using a Spearman correlation. GRO‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1 showed strong positive correlations to each other, and moderate positive correlations to NO, PGE2, and MMP‐2. Total MMP activity, MMP‐9, and MMP‐13 had strong positive correlations to each other, and moderate positive correlations to MMP‐1. MMP‐2 had a moderate to strong positive correlations to histological scores (total and cartilage structure) and collagen content. MMP‐2, IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1 had moderate negative correlations, and MMP‐9 had a moderate positive correlation, to viability. GRO‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1 had moderate positive correlations to collagen content. MMP‐9, MMP‐13, and total MMP activity had moderate negative correlations to tissue GAG. The data suggest links among proinflammatory and degradative pathways are present in OA osteochondral tissues. Further characterization of these links have the potential to delineate mechanisms of disease and diagnostic and therapeutic targets for knee OA.
Integrated ferroelectrics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper attempts to formalize the field of Integrated Ferroelectrics. The history of devices that include ferroelectrics and semiconductor hybrids is reviewed. The modern ferroelectric device is a combination of ferroelectric thin-films onto a semiconductor single crystal substrate. The evolution of the field in the last few years seems to indicate that a variety of devices, based on this simple paradigm, is starting to appear. Although non-volatile memories and high dielectric constant integrated capacitors seem to be the technology drivers, many other applications are also being envisioned. The complexities of ferroelectric/semiconductor process interactions are also being resolved. At the writing of this paper, the field has grown into an established field of research with some commercial applications already beginning to appear.
Selenium inhibits apoptosis and GSH extrusion induced by DHA in human Paca-44 cell line

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aim of the Study. Considering that the possible interactions between selenium (Se) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in regulating various physiopathological responses in cancer cell lines have not been elucidated and defined yet, the aim of this work was to investigate the effects of the co-treatment of DHA with Se on cellular redox state, apoptosis induction and glutathione content in human pancreatic PaCa-44 cancer cells line. \nMethods. The human PaCa-44 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line was treated with docosahexaenoic acid or arachidonic acid (ARA), alone or in co-cultures with sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). After treatments cell viability was analyzed by Trypan blue dye exclusion assay and apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V/FITC kit. Moreover cellular oxidative status was assessed measuring the levels of ROS by cell-permeable 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), the glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity by spectrophotometric analysis and lipid peroxidation by TBA-method. The intracellular glutathione level was determined by HPLC. \nResults. The results herein reported show that sodium selenite inhibits both the pro-oxidant and the pro-apoptotic effects induced by DHA. \nConclusion. This study suggests that sodium selenite, is able to inhibit the GSH reduction and this gives an important indication for the study of a new functional property of Se. Moreover our experimental results indicated that sodium selenite interferes with the pro-oxidant and pro-apoptotic actions of DHA, which is considered as a potential adjuvant in the treatment of cancer.
Contextual Bag-of-Words for Robust Visual Tracking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An appearance model is critical for most modern trackers. While numerous novel appearance models have been proposed with demonstrated success, challenges such as occlusion and drifting are still not well addressed. In this paper, we propose a novel contextual bag-of-words (CBOW) discriminative appearance model that appropriately handles drifting and occlusion. Specifically, a contextual region containing both the target and its surroundings is explored to construct a compact representation with two bags-of-words. Each word carries discriminative appearance information that is learned by Bayesian inference. An adaptive updating approach, where the background BOWs of the CBOW model acts as a "sentinel" to prevent the integration of the background appearance with the object model, is introduced to alleviate the drifting problem. Based on CBOW, visual tracking is posed within a Bayesian framework. Moreover, an explicit detection method is employed to handle severe occlusions, which further reduces drifting. Two trackers based on the same CBOW model are implemented using either handcrafted color/texture or deep convolutional features. Our trackers are evaluated based on the popular OTB50 and VOT2015 benchmarks and perform competitively against the current state of the art. In addition, they outperform two recent BOWs trackers by a large margin using the currently available figures of merit. To take into account a tracking breakdown, we propose a new figure of merit called the mean maximum-tracked-frame ratio (MTFR) that evaluates a tracker's temporal persistence without any interruption. Experiments with OTB50 demonstrate the superior robustness of our tracker compared with all other evaluated trackers on the basis of MTFR.
Makerspaces, flexible and inclusive learning environments. A scoping review

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The contribution analyzes the scientific literature from 2000 to 2021 to determine in which training contexts makerspaces are used and for what purposes, for preschool and school age children and youth. The scoping review shows that many experiences are documented in literature, but few experimental studies exist. However, the examples collected, of a constructionist nature, show some privileged areas of intervention: makerspaces are recognized as a valid tool for the development of problem solving and creativity skills, for a more conscious application in the technical-scientific-artistic disciplines, for the creation of inclusive contexts, in situations of social disease or of people more frequently excluded and underrepresented. Makerspace, ambienti di apprendimento flessibili e inclusivi. Una scoping review Il contributo analizza la letteratura scientifica dal 2000 al 2021 per determinare in quali contesti formativi siano utilizzati i makerspace e con quali finalità, per bambini e ragazzi di età prescolare e scolare. La scoping review mostra che in letteratura sono documentate molte esperienze, ma esistono pochi studi sperimentali. Gli esempi raccolti, di stampo costruzionista, mostrano però alcune aree privilegiate di intervento: i makerspace sono riconosciuti come valido strumento per lo sviluppo di competenze di problem solving e creatività, per una più consapevole applicazione nelle discipline tecnico-scientifiche-artistiche, per la realizzazione di contesti inclusivi soprattutto in situazioni di disagio sociale o di persone più frequentemente escluse e sottorappresentate.
Direct Payments and Land Rents: Evidence from New Member States

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper analyses the impact of increasing direct payments on land rents in six new EU member states in which agricultural subsidies largely increased as a result of their EU accession. We find that up to 25 eurocents per additional euro of direct payments is capitalized in land rents. In addition, the results show that capitalization of direct payments is higher in more credit constrained markets, while capitalization of direct payments is lower in countries where more land is used by corporate farms.
[Alpha-interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in children].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The hepatitis C virus is the main causative agent for sporadic as well as parenteral cases of non-A non-B hepatitis. Alpha interferon is a biologically active protein produced by B lymphocytes and monocytes which can be manufactured by recombinant DNA technology. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon in adults is associated with a sustained response in 20-25% of treated cases. First studies provide encouraging results for the use of interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in children, but controlled trials using this drug in a larger population of children are needed.
Corporate Social Responsibility of a Fair Trade Company: A Cross-Country Study of Taiwanese and American Business Students’ Perceptions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study investigated and compared Taiwanese and American business students’ perceptions of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of a fair trade (FT) company. A total of 402 and 470 questionnaires were collected in United States and Taiwan, respectively, of which 384 and 432 were usable, respectively. Nationality, gender, work experience, and religion were the four variables that affected the participants’ understanding of an FT company’s CSR in this study. The findings of this study have implications for business school curricula in Taiwan and the United States and provide useful ideas for enhancing social responsibility in business schools.
Scientific Aspects of Lab and Animal testing of Wearable Dialysis Equipment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In vitro and animal study of the wearable artificial kidney (WAK) "Renart-PD" with evaluation of efficiency of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in acute kidney injury and nephrectomy of both kidneys was performed. WAK is a system for peritoneal dialysis with regeneration of spent dialysate in a sorption unit (SU). SU consists of Kausorb-212 activated carbon (35 g) and layers of synthetic sorbent (35 g) to remove proteins and urea. Bench testing of the device was carried out using spent peritoneal dialysate from patients with chronic renal failure and included: 1) regeneration of 2L of the spent dialysate during 6h to evaluate the elimination rate of metabolites; 2) regeneration of 2L of the spent dialysate during 12h with the continuous addition of metabolites to assess the operation life of one set of expendable materials. A male 50kg pig was chosen as the animal model. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was induced by injection of 50ml of radiographic contrast media into the bloodstream. Chronic renal failure (CRF) was induced by a bilateral nephrectomy; histological evaluation of the right kidney was performed to confirm AKI. During the experiment, peritoneal dialysis was carried out with regeneration of dialysate by Renart-PD. Bench testing showed that the device can remove urea, creatinine and phosphorus from the spent solution, and stabilize its pH within 12 hours. In animal trial, blood biochemical parameters (total protein, urea, creatinine, phosphorus, alpha-1-macroglobulin, beta-2-microglobulin) increased 24 h post onset of AKI, and decreased 24 h after WAK operation. Blood analysis after nephrectomy demonstrated that the device inhibits further growth of measured parameters.
Growth and survival characteristics of spa mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Characterization of growth and survival of mice displaying early onset hypertonic symptoms is critical as these animals are important for research investigating mechanisms and treatments of pediatric conditions associated with hypertonia, such as cerebral palsy. Currently, most animal models of cerebral palsy reproduce risk factors for developing this condition, with most failing to develop the physical symptoms or failing to survive in the postnatal period. The B6.Cg‐ Glrb spa /J (Gly receptor mutation) transgenic mouse ( spa mouse), displays symptoms of early onset hypertonia, though little has been reported on growth and survival, with no reports of growth and survival since genotyping became available. We found that the majority of spa mice display symptoms by P14‐P16. Of mice surviving to weaning, only ~9% were spa mice. By weaning age, spa mice had significantly lower weights than their heterozygote and wild‐type littermates. Of mice that died after weaning and prior to use in experiments or being culled, 48% were spa mice. The poor growth and decreased survival of spa mice across multiple developmental and adult ages resembled the varied survival rates observed in humans with mild or severe cerebral palsy. The understanding of the expected survival of these mice is helpful for planning breeding and animal numbers for experiments. Due to the symptoms and timing of symptom onset, spa mice will be valuable in uncovering mechanisms and long‐term effects of early onset hypertonia in order to move toward interventions for these conditions.
Strategic Contract Campaigns at Multinational Corporations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines first contract campaigns at five multinational corporations. The case studies include a cross-section of unions and a variety of industries. Several common patterns in the cases highlight important strategic considerations for unions. First, solid organizational structures and rank-and-file activism serve as a prerequisite for sustainable campaigns. Second, strategic consid erations of external factors, such as the union's strength in the industry and leverage capacity contribute to successful campaigns. Third, the level of resistance varies widely across employers and strongly affects the campaign. Finally, while the legal framework of bargaining matters, it emerges as a source of last hope against highly resistant employers.
Analysis of Hotel Review in Jeju Island Using a Neural Topic Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Jeju Island is one of South Korea’s most popular tourist destinations, attracting over 13 million visitors annually for various purposes. Depending on their individual needs, visitors choose different types of accommodations. Although online reviews are commonly used to obtain information about lodging facilities, analyzing such text-based data poses challenges due to its unstructured nature. Topic modeling has been widely used to analyze textual information and uncover latent themes, and it has also been applied in hotel review analysis. However, most previous studies have focused on analyzing the overall reviews from a specific website to identify general factors related to travel satisfaction. Moreover, the topic models used in these studies are limited in that they cannot incorporate external information beyond the text itself. This study aims to identify the characteristics of hotels in the Jeju region by utilizing hotel names provided alongside review texts. Review data for 12 hotels in Jeju Island were collected from the Agoda website. For analysis, we employed the neural topic model Scholar (Sparse Contextual Hidden and Observed Language Autoencoder), which is capable of incorporating external covariates. By including hotel names as external information in the Scholar model, we were able to identify not only latent topics but also hotel-specific characteristics. This analysis is expected to support travelers in selecting accommodations and contribute to improving the service quality of hotels.
StrainInfo SI-ID 108224.1

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

StrainInfo dataset 108224 about a strain of Enterobacter ludwigii. StrainInfo is a service developed to provide a resolution of microbial strain identifiers by storing culture collection numbers, their relations, and culture-associated data. StrainInfo is part of NFDI4Microbiota consortium.
Blue is For Boys, Science is For Boys, What's For Girls? A Critical Look at Gender Constructs in Science Toys

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Canadian born women are severely underrepresented amongst science students and researchers in Canada. This is due in part, to the cultural construction of science as "unfeminine" and “for boys.” This sentiment emerges when girls are as young as 6 years old. Educational toys are often the first avenue in which children are introduced to and engage with scientific culture. Parents have traditionally used gender symbols in toys to teach children gender roles, appropriate values and actions. The current study investigates the possibility of science toys as a socializing agent for gendered beliefs about science. It does so, by completing a content analysis and qualitative analysis of gender and science symbols within 400 science toys. This analysis found that science toys contained a substantial number of masculine symbols; including masculine mentors, colours, themes and a greater number of boys on packages.
Quantitative Television Fluoroangiography-The Optical Measurement of Dye Concentrations and Estimation of Retinal Blood Flow

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The development of a system for the measurement of dye concentrations from single retinal vessels during retinal fluorescein angiography is presented and discussed. The system uses a fundus camera modified for TV viewing. Video gating techniques define the areas of the retina to be studied, and video peak detection yields dye concentrations from retinal vessels. The time course of dye concentration is presented and blood flow into the retina is estimated by a time of transit technique.
Implications of Late Pleistocene Climatic Change on the Morphological Variations of the Neanderthal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this research, the relationship of climatic changes between 130k to 28k years BP to concurrent morphological variations in Neanderthals was tested. Traditional anthropological studies attribute robust Neanderthal morphological traits as an adaptation to a cold environment. A database of previously completed terrestrial paleoclimatic reconstructions in Europe and the Mediterranean was compiled and used to create a series of GIS-generated timeslice maps. Regional climatic conditions were then related to changes in Neanderthal appearances, morphology and disappearances as evident in the archaeological record. To establish climatic conditions, existing studies were compiled from two regions: Europe and the Mediterranean. The European data are based on pollen assemblage sequences from terrestrial lacustrine cores. The Mediterranean data are based on established Ÿ?18O/16O and Ÿ?13C/12C maximum and minimum events recorded in speleothems. The GIS perspective allows these changes to be viewed at significant time to better correlate regional climatic changes with known Neanderthal morphological variation and to extend the investigation both temporally, including Stage 4 and Stage 5e, and geographically, into the Mediterranean from similarly completed studies.
Petrology of the Kirishima Volcano

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Petrography (chemical analyses of rocks 15, clinopyroxenes 2, orthopyroxene 1, titanomagnetites 3; microscopic observation and compositional estimation of rock-forming minerals) of lavas of the Kirishima volcano are presented, with special reference to the distinguishable relation between olivine and pyroxene, which is able to make genetical classification of subalkaline rocks. Considering the thermodynamic knowledge and the data of olivines and pyroxenes obtained by Bowen and Schairer (1935) and Osborn and Muan (1956-59), the writer was induced to the following approach. If the oxygen partial pressures are sufficiently supplied, it may be tend to lower the temperature of crystallization. Mg-Fe distribution constant K(t) of olivine and pyroxene, and entropy changes _??_S of those mineral formation in magma. From the theoretical consideration on the petrographic properties of the lavas, the author proposed a hypothetical phase diagram MgSiO3-Fe SiO3 join, by which are interpreted most facts; i.e. occurrence of myrmekitic magnetite in pyroxene, reverse zoning of orthopyroxene, abnormal relation of phenocryst pyroxene and groundmass one (Taneda 1943, 1947), and no pigeonite inverted from orthopyroxene, in calc alkaline rocks. And by the petrochemical consideration, the writer agree with Yoder and Tilley's (1962) idea which the so-called “High alumina basalt magma” is not necessary as the original magma.
Total Synthesis of (±)-8α-Hydroxystreptazolone

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

[reaction: see text] The intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction of 2-oxazolone derivatives with a suitable pentynyl appendage exclusively gave the corresponding 4-hydroxy-6-substituted-9-oxa-1-azatricyclo[6.2.1.0(5,11)]undec-5-en-7,10-diones. Based on this newly developed Pauson-Khand reaction of 2-oxazolone-alkyne derivatives, the first total synthesis of (+/-)-8alpha-hydroxystreptazolone was accomplished in a highly stereoselective manner.
Students’ perceptions and their responses to written feedback in the nursing degree programs in Karachi

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Feedback is an important aspect of assessment to further learning. Moreover, written feedback known to assess and develop students’ academic writing skills. However many factors may affect the practices of written feedback and its utilization. The study aimed at identifying students perceptions about written feedback in the nursing degree programs in Karachi.\nMethods: A descriptive exploratory design was employed in the study. Using a universal sample technique, 379 students from nine public and government nursing institutions participated. The data was collected through a modified Assessment Experience Questionnaire (AEQ) develop by Gibbs and Simpson (2003). The quantitative data was analyzed for descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were typed and then manually analyzed for various categories. The study was conducted after an approval from University Ethical Review Committee.\nResults: Variations were found in the practices of written assignments, provision of assessments criteria and provision of written feedback. Eighty percent of the students reported receiving written feedback with or without oral feedback. Whereas 20 % of them, did not receive written feedback but verbal feedback on their assignments. Only 40% reported receiving feedback on regular basis. Assignment guidelines were not always provided in a written form. In most cases the guidelines were ambiguous as well as the feedback was not always reflective of the guidelines. Student elucidated several concerns such as delayed feedback, unfair feedback, and lack of opportunities to clarify feedback. They also provided several suggestions to improve practices on written feedback.\nConclusions: Teachers need to be aware of role and impact of written feedback on students’ learning and develop competence in giving effective feedback. For better utilization of the feedback teachers and students should have shared understanding about the goal, and language of the feedback. There should be institutional commitment to introduce polices to promote practices of effective written feedback.\nKey words: Written Feedback, Academic writing skills, Assessment, Student perceptions