jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for Nonlinear Dynamic Systems with Unknown Polynomial Perturbations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The study focuses on the control of nonlinear dynamic systems in the presence of parameter uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics, and external disturbances. The lumped perturbation is assumed to be bounded within a polynomial in the system state with the polynomial parameters and degrees unknown a priori such that it accommodates a quite wider range dynamic systems. Based on the analyses about the stability issues existed in recent super-twisting algorithm ( STA ) designs and the idea from adaptive sliding mode control ( ASMC ) for nonlinear systems with uncertainties, we propose a novel adaptive super-twisting algorithm with exponential reaching law, exponential super-twisting algorithm ( ESTA ), for the high-stability, chattering-free, and acceptable accuracy control of the aimed nonlinear dynamics. The stability analysis and finite-time convergence are proven using Lyapunov theory and an intuitive analysis of the control behaviour. Simulations are performed to compare the proposed ESTA with the existing STA method and the traditional proportional integral control. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ESTA in terms of the fastest settling time and the smallest overshoot.
Crystal structure of methyl 1-(2-(fluorosulfonyl)ethyl)-2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate, C9H13FO5S

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract C 9 H 13 FO 5 S, triclinic, P 1̅ (no. 2), a = 5.9390(3) Å, b = 8.1581(4) Å, c = 11.3823(8) Å, α = 89.498(3)°, β = 85.314(5)°, γ = 84.916(5)°, V = 547.48(5) Å 3 , Z = 2, R gt ( F ) = 0.0303, wR ref (F 2 ) = 0.0811, T = 293 K.
Studies of spherical tori, stellarators and anisotropic pressure with the M3D code

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Multi-level 3D (M3D) project simulates plasmas using multiple levels of physics, geometry and grid models in one code package. The M3D code has been extended to fundamentally non-axisymmetric and small aspect ratio, R/a >~1, configurations. Applications include the non-linear stability of the NSTX spherical torus and of the spherical pinch, as well as the relaxation of stellarator equilibria. The fluid level physics model has been extended to evolve the anisotropic pressures pj|| and pj⊥ for the ion and electron species and has been applied to magnetic island evolution.
Cyberattacks on local governments 2020: findings from a key informant survey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based on empirical data from a survey that we conducted in 2020 of key informants in local governments (CIOs, CISOs, and IT Directors), this paper examines patterns of cyberattacks, types of attackers, the frequencies of incidents and breaches of local government IT systems, and purposes of attacks. The paper also examines whether and to what extend local governments offer cybersecurity awareness training to their officials and staff and whether a nexus exists between training and these persons support for cybersecurity in their governments. Throughout the paper, we compare data from the 2020 survey with data from a nationwide local government cybersecurity survey that a team that included the authors conducted in 2016. We conclude with recommendations to local governments to improve their practice and management of cybersecurity in their organisations.
Multiplex spatial analysis reveals increased CD137 expression and m-MDSC neighboring tumor cells in refractory classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Hodgkin and Reed - Sternberg (HRS) cells in classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) actively modify the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) attracting immunosuppressive cells and expressing inhibitory molecules. A high frequency of myeloid cells in the TME is correlated with an unfavorable prognosis, but more specific and rare cell populations lack precise markers. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been identified in the peripheral blood of cHL patients, where they appear to be correlated with disease aggressiveness. TNFRSF9 (CD137) is a T cell co-stimulator expressed by monocytic and dendritic cells. Its expression has also been described in HRS cells, where it is thought to play a role in reducing antitumor responses. Here, we perform qualitative and quantitative analyses of lymphocytic and MDSC subtypes and determine the CD137 cell distribution in cHL primary tumors using multiplex immunofluorescence and automated multispectral imaging. The results were correlated with patients' clinical features. Cells were stained with specific panels of immune checkpoint markers (PD-1, PD-L1, CD137), tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (CD3, PD-1), and monocytic cells/MDSCs (CD68, CD14, CD33, Arg-1, CD11b). This approach allowed us to identify distinct phenotypes and to analyze spatial interactions between immune subpopulations and tumor cells. The results confirm CD137 expression by T, monocytic and HRS cells. In addition, the expression of CD137, T exhausted cells, and monocytic MDSCs (m-MDSCs) in the vicinity of malignant HRS cells were associated with a worse prognosis. Our findings reveal new elements of the TME that mediate immune escape, and confirm CD137 as a candidate target for immunotherapy in cHL.
ISHAN: Sequence Homology Analysis Package

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Sequence based homology studies play an important role in evolutionary tracing and classification of proteins. Various methods are available to analyze biological sequence information. However, with the advent of proteomics era, there is a growing demand for analysis of huge amount of biological sequence information, and it has become necessary to have programs that would provide speedy analysis. ISHAN has been developed as a homology analysis package, built on various sequence analysis tools viz FASTA, ALIGN, CLUSTALW, PHYLIP and CODONW (for DNA sequences). This JAVA application offers the user choice of analysis tools. For testing, ISHAN was applied to perform phylogenetic analysis for sets of Caspase 3 DNA sequences and NF- κB p105 amino acid sequences. By integrating several tools it has made analysis much faster and reduced manual intervention.
A review on thermo-physical properties of bio, non-bio and hybrid nanofluids

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The pressure drop and thermal performance of various nanofluids can be affected by their thermo-physical properties. However, there are many different parameters that need to be considered when determining the thermo-physical properties of nanofluids. This paper highlights a detail reviews on the thermo-physical properties of nanofluids with different material type and effect of some process parameters (such as material type, temperature and concentration) on the thermo-physical properties of nanofluids. Four thermo-physical properties mainly density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity from different literatures were summarized, discussed and presented. The lowest viscosity value of nanofluids in literature was mango bark water-based nanofluid (0.81cP). On the other hand, the maximum thermal conductivity value of nanofluids in the literature was GNP-Ag water-based nanofluid (0.69W/mK). The density and specific heat capacity are strongly dependent on the material type. Meanwhile, the viscosity and thermal conductivity are greatly affected by temperature and concentration. The most influential parameters on thermo-physical properties of nanofluids are material type followed by temperature. Most of the literatures confirmed bio nanofluids have low viscosity value and hybrid have high thermal conductivity values.
Bidirectional Intraoperative Chemotherapy Using Cisplatin and Ifosfamide for Intraperitoneal Mesothelioma in Severe Renal Impairment: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive neoplasm with a poor prognosis. Bidirectional intraoperative chemotherapy (BDIC) using concurrent intraperitoneal and intravenous chemotherapy in combination with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) is an emerging treatment option for selected cases of MPM. It is a locoregional treatment that involves intraoperative chemoperfusion of heated chemotherapy. The administration of systemic along with intraperitoneal chemotherapy allows for a bidirectional chemotherapy gradient in peritoneal tumor cells. The aim of this treatment is eradication of microscopic residual cancer cells after major removal of macroscopic tumor nodules. To date, there is no consensus on the chemotherapeutic regimen that can be used in BDIC to manage MPM in patients with severe renal impairment. Administering intravenous ifosfamide with hyperthermic intraperitoneal cisplatin and doxorubicin is a promising regimen in treating peritoneal mesothelioma. Nephrotoxicity is a dose-limiting adverse effect of cisplatin and ifosfamide. Therefore, dose adjustment is required in patients with renal impairment. CASE REPORT In this report, we describe a 46-year-old female patient with recurrent MPM and severe renal impairment. Her treatment was managed with hyperthermic intraperitoneal cisplatin and doxorubicin along with intravenous ifosfamide following CRS. The cisplatin dose was reduced to 50% and the ifosfamide dose was reduced by 25%. The patient tolerated the procedure well, without deterioration in her renal function. At her 9-month follow-up, she did not report experiencing chemotherapy-related adverse effects, and her kidney function remained stable. CONCLUSIONS Severe renal impairment might not be a contraindication to using potentially nephrotoxic chemotherapeutic agents in CRS-BDIC.
Perancangan Sistem Pelaporan Incident Hack Di Kominfo Lombok Tengah Menggunakan Agile Pendekatan Scrum

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Scrum method is a methodology included in agile software development. Scrum is considered to be able to produce good quality software according to user wishes, can be used in large and small projects, and is easy to adopt changes. The scrum activity stages include product backlog, sprint backlog, daily scrum, sprint review, and sprint retrospective. Roles in Scrum include product owner, scrum master, and development team. Scrum has structured and iterative stages, so that if the product in the first sprint is not sufficient to meet needs, then in the next sprint a system can be developed that is in accordance with user evaluation. The results obtained from Designing a Hack Incident Reporting System at Kominfo Central Lombok Using the Agile Scrum Approach were proven to be able to overcome changes in requirements during the system development phase, producing products that met the wishes of users because they received repeated reviews.
The covalent structure of the phase-1 flagellar filament protein of Salmonella typhimurium and its comparison with other flagellins.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In order to circumvent problems associated with direct chemical analysis of the phase-1 flagellar filament protein (flagellin) of Salmonella typhimurium, the covalent structure was determined by recombinant DNA procedures. The corresponding structural gene (H-1i) was cloned into plasmid pBR322 in a 4.3-kilobase fragment produced by EcoRI digestion of chromosomal DNA, and the nucleotide sequence of the region specifying the flagellar protein was determined. Comparison of the data obtained with the limited information available for other salmonellar flagellins supported the concept that both ends of the molecule are conserved in this genus. Additionally, a conservation of base sequence in the region of H-1 genes coding for the N-terminal end of flagellins was apparent, suggesting that this area may have an additional regulatory role. The i flagellin was found to be unrelated to proteins in the NBRF data base with the exception of other flagellins. The three flagellins which have been sequenced to date (those produced by Bacillus subtilis, Caulobacter crescentis, and phase-1 S. typhimurium) show homologies in amino acid sequence at both the N-terminal and C-terminal ends despite large differences in their total molecular weight, and comparison suggests that B. subtilis and Salmonella are more closely related to each other than either is to Caulobacter.
The Calculation of the π-Electron Orbital Energies of the Allyl Cation, Butadiene, and Cyclic Polyenes by Means of Green’s Function Method

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Green’s function matrix method for the calculation of the orbital energies of π-electron systems, which has been discussed in previous papers, is applied to the allyl cation, butadiene, rectangular cyclobutadiene, and cyclic polyenes with various molecular lengths. The higher-order correction for the Hartree-Fock orbital energies are calculated, and in the case of butadiene the theoretical value of the ionization potential is discussed in comparison with the experimental data. The relation between the higher-order correction effect and the molecular length is illustrated in the cases of the cyclic polyenes. In particular, the breakdown of perturbation calculation based on the Hartree-Fock orbitals occurs in the case of the C30H30 molecule.
Spatial Effectiveness in High-Rise Timber Towers: A Global Perspective

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

High-rise timber structures signify a rising trend, thanks to their significant environmental and economic advantages that occur over their complete lifespan. Enhancing spatial effectiveness in these structures is a critical design consideration for project feasibility. Currently, there has been no comprehensive study on the space efficiency of such towers. This article analyzed 79 cases all over the world to deepen the knowledge of design features shaping spatial efficiency. The critical findings are as follows: (1) the most common architectural preferences include residential function, a centrally located service core, and prismatic arrangements; (2) the preferred structural material is composite, while a shear walled frame system is the favored structural system; (3) the average spatial efficiency and percentage of core area to GFA were recorded at 84% and 10%, ranging from the lowest values of 70% and 4% to the highest values of 95% and 21%, respectively; and (4) no significant differences were detected in the effect of core design approaches on spatial effectiveness if appropriately planned, with similar inferences drawn concerning form and the structural material used. This article will assist in developing design directions for different interested parties, including architectural designers taking part in the advancement of high-rise timber towers.
First to Fight: A Battle Simulation at the Squad and Fireteam Level.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Marine Corps' mission requires the stationing of personnel aboard ship, or in areas where field training facilities are marginal or non-existent. The purpose of this research was to design a prototype manual board wargame for use at the fireteam and squad levels to supplement classroom training when these conditions exist. The prototype game is designed around the Marine Corps Combat Readiness and Evaluation System (MCCRES). (Author)
Mariniflexile aquimaris sp. nov., isolated from seawater, and emended description of the genus Mariniflexile Nedashkovskaya et al. 2006

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A Gram-staining-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated HWR-17 T , was isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea in Korea. Strain HWR-17 T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HWR-17 T clustered with the two Mariniflexile species in the family Flavobacteriaceae , exhibiting 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.1–97.2 % to their type strains and less than 95.7 % sequence similarity to other members of the family Flavobacteriaceae . Strain HWR-17 T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C 15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. The polar lipid profile of strain HWR-17 T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and four unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain HWR-17 T was 35.7 mol% and it exhibited 11 and 10 % DNA–DNA relatedness, respectively, with Mariniflexile gromovii KCTC 12570 T and Mariniflexile fucanivorans DSM 18792 T . The phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness and differential phenotypic properties revealed that strain HWR-17 T is distinguishable from the two recognized Mariniflexile species. On the basis of the data presented, strain HWR-17 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mariniflexile , for which the name Mariniflexile aquimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HWR-17 T ( = KCTC 23346 T = CCUG 60529 T ). An emended description of the genus Mariniflexile is also proposed.
Airport management perceptions of local and regional planning regulations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As forces of privatisation, commercialisation and globalisation transform airports into multi-functional urban nodes, they also cause increasing encounters with local, regional, provincial and national urban planning systems intended to regulate land use development and infrastructure provision in the wider community interest. This paper reports on aggregate findings from a global survey of senior airport managers, examining their perceptions of this urban planning environment. Over 80 responses were gathered from airports in 24 countries. While there was general support for existing arrangements at both local and regional levels, there is a remarkable convergence in the main types of planning problems being confronted. The findings tacitly underline the importance of a collaborative approach to the planning of airport regions.
Non‐biologic immunosuppressive drugs for inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Non‐biologic immunosuppressive drugs, such as azathioprine, dapsone or methotrexate are fundamental treatment options for a wide range of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Some of these drugs were initially used for malignancies (e.g., azathioprine or methotrexate) or infectious diseases (e.g., hydroxychloroquine or dapsone) but are nowadays mostly used for their immunosuppressive/immunomodulating action. Although dermatologists have years of clinical experience with these drugs, some of the mechanisms of action are not fully understood and are the subject of research. Although these drugs are commonly used, lack of experience or knowledge regarding their safety profiles and management leads to skepticism among physicians. Here, we summarize the mechanism of action and detailed management of adverse effects of the most commonly used immunosuppressive drugs for skin diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the management of these drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as their interaction and handling during vaccination.
Impact of AI on Onsite Versus Remote Work in IT Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study explores the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on work needs within a hybrid work model at IT industry, focusing on both on-site and remote employees. AI can automate repetitive tasks, freeing up human employees for their more strategic works. AI-powered tools can also enhance communication and collaboration for remote teams. However, ethical considerations like data privacy and bias mitigation are crucial. The project suggests that AI will create a more flexible work environment where the most efficient approach is chosen based on the task and employee skills.
Brownfields, Crime, and Tax Increment Financing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When the determinants of property value include a central city—a location in which private businesses are often reluctant to invest—property values are no longer a simple function of land and demand features but are also influenced by health and welfare issues such as neighborhood crime and environmental contamination. To maintain economic vitality, central cities require not only the presence of market forces and the provision of public amenities that commonly increase the value of property but also the implementation and effectiveness of public policies directed at stimulating property valuation to combat the negative influences of these unique features of the urban environment. This article examines tax increment financing in relation to the health and welfare issues of crime and brownfields. The authors empirically show that the public policy of tax increment financing can effectively increase districtwide property valuation to counteract the negating effects of crime and brownfields.
Livestock Forage Disaster Program

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

the 2014 farm bill makes the livestock forage disaster program lfp a permanent program and provides retroactive authority to cover eligible losses back to oct 1 2011 lfp provides compensation to eligible livestock producers who have suffered grazing losses due to drought or fire lfp payments for drought are equal to 60 percent of the monthly feed cost for up to five months lfp payments for fire on federally managed rangeland are equal to 50 percent of the monthly feed cost for the number of days the producer is prohibited from grazing the managed rangeland not to exceed 180 calendar days the grazing losses must have occurred on or after oct 1 2011 sign up will begin on or before april 15 2014 at any local farm service agency fsa service center additional details on the types of information required for an application will be provided as part of the sign up announcement some eligibility restrictions may apply please consult your local fsa office for details
Design of experiments-assisted UPLC method for quantification of nitrosamine impurities in glimepiride and lobeglitazone sulfate: A green chemistry approach

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A robust ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was developed and systematically optimized using a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach for the simultaneous quantification of glimepiride, lobeglitazone sulfate, nitrosamine impurity-3 (IMP-3), and impurity-1 (IMP-1) in the marketed LOBG-G1 formulation. Critical method parameters, including organic phase composition, flow rate, and mobile phase pH, were identified through a comprehensive risk assessment and subsequently optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The final chromatographic conditions—50 % organic phase composition, a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min, and a mobile phase pH of 2.6—ensured efficient separation and quantification of all four analytes. The method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines, demonstrating excellent linearity (r² > 0.999), high accuracy, and precision, with low relative standard deviation values. Stability studies conducted under different stress conditions revealed significant degradation of all four compounds in acidic, alkaline, and oxidative environments. Degradation products were further characterized using LC-MS/MS analysis, confirming their structural identity. In addition to its analytical performance, the method's environmental sustainability was evaluated using multiple green analytical chemistry assessment tools. The DoE-guided UPLC method offers a highly sensitive, selective, and reproducible analytical platform for the detection of nitrosamine impurities in antidiabetic drugs, providing enhanced method understanding while aligning with sustainability principles.