jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Causes of wolf mortality in Croatia in the period 1986-2001

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We recorded a total of 92 dead grey wolves (Canis lupus) in Croatia during the period19862001: 60 (65.2%) were shot, 18 (19.6%) died as a result of traffic accidents, while the cause of death of 6 (6.5%) wolves remained unknown, 5 (5.4%) suffered from rabies, and one each was killed by axe, by hay-fork, and by other wolves. Among dead wolves the share of females was 56%, mean age was 1.9 years, and the mean mass of adult wolves was 31.4 kg. We analyzed separately the 10 years (1986-1995) preceding, and the first 6 years (1996-2001) after the legal protection of the species (15 May 1995), when 30 and 62 wolves died, respectively. Annual mortality rose from 3.0 prior to protection to 10.3 after protection (3.4 times). This increase in mortality indicates no enforcement of the legal protection, as well as an increase in animosity by local people; it was also partly influenced by wolf population growth and it would appear that the recorded mortality is sustainable. We propose to adapt the legislation to permit the controlled hunting of wolves. This would in all likelihood lead to decreased animosity and would keep the wolf population safe from uncontrolled hunting.
Secretory response of cultured acinar cells of rat pancreas to cholecystokinin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To determine the adequate models for studying the functions of pancreatic acinar cells, secretory responses to CCK and to CCK receptor antagonist, L-364, 718 were examined in freshly isolated cells and confluent monolayer cells. The results showed that as CCK concentration increased, releases of amylase and lipase increased dose-dependently reaching a maximum at 10(-9) M in acinar cells cultured in serum-containing media as well as in serum-free media. Acinar response to CCK was partially inhibited by L-364, 718, L-364, 718 itself had no effect on the releases of both amylase and lipase. Confluent monolayer of acinar cells released relatively low levels of enzymes and exhibited less response to CCK. In conclusion, short-term culture of acinar cells would be suitable to study the regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion, and serum factors do not influence acinar response to the secretagogues. However, confluency of the acinar cells resulted in the loss of their secretory potential in the aspect of amylase and lipase release.
ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF WATER TRADE RESTRICTIONS IN THE MURRAY DARLING BASIN

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Water markets across Australia contain many restrictions and the peak intergovernmental forum, the Council of Australian Governments (CoAG) and others have proposed that water markets should be freed up so that the net contribution that water makes to the economy is increased. Using an model of the southern Murray River Basin system, this paper estimates the cost of existing restrictions and changes in the contribution that water makes to the economy if, at least, the temporary market for water was unrestricted. The model used is a short-run annual model which assumes that water entitlements are distributed so as to maximise returns in an “average” year. No account is taken of the case for permanent trading driven by underlying opportunities to reconfigure land and water use in the southern Murray River Basin system. Allowing trade from intraregional only to interregional trade has increased net returns from $2502 million to $2590 million (i.e. an increase of $88 million). When a comparison is made between no restriction, no charges and no spatial exchange rates on free trade to a case when there are restrictions and charges and exchange rates are applicable, the trading restrictions, charges, and spatial exchange rates reduce net returns from $2590 million to $2573 million (i.e. a reduction by $17 million). The exclusion of South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria reduces net returns by $27 million, $31 million and $63 million from water trading in Scenarios C, D and E, respectively. The difference of $10 million, $14 million and $46 million reflect the costs of preventing these states from entering in the water market.
Screening of ligninolytic enzymes produced by Ganoderma lucidum in solid residues from the Amazon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

White rot fungi have one of the most efficient oxidative lignin degradation systems, and present an enzymatic complex that is responsible for digesting lignocellulosic matter. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of laccase and total peroxidases by Ganoderma lucidum via solid-state fermentation using açaí seeds and marupá (Simarouba amara) sawdust unsupplemented and supplemented with wheat, corn and rice bran. G. lucidum was inoculated in substrates prepared with the residues and incubated at 25 ºC. Enzymatic extractions were performed on the culture substrates every 2 days for 30 days. The enzymatic activities were determined using ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt), with the addition of the enzymatic cofactor H2O2 for total peroxidases. The laccase activity was higher in the supplemented residues, with emphasis on the açaí-based substrate on the 16th day of cultivation, while in marupá the maximum activity was on the 6th day. In the unsupplemented açaí residue, the maximum peak of activity was on the 8th day and, in marupá, no fungal growth was observed. As for total peroxidases, G. lucidum cultivated in the supplemented açaí substrates showed activity peaks on the 8th, 12th, 16th and 28th day, and on 6th and 12th day under unsupplemented conditions. While, in the marupá, total peroxidase activity was observed only on the 6th day of cultivation. Thus, G. lucidum showed potential for producing laccases and total peroxidases, with the substrate supplementation inducing the synthesis of these enzymes.
MOESM4 of Deciphering targeting rules of splicing modulator compounds: case of TG003

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 4: Figure S2. A Experimental validation of RNA-seq data of different groups.RT-PCR of two exon pairs that are both skip-enhanced by TG003 and one pair of human TG003 skip-enhanced and mouse insensitive exons. B Graphs show the RNA-seq derived Ď values.
Arrangements of Authorities Pd. Medan City Market In The Making of Cooperation Contracts And Management of The Medan Separate Market

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Agreement/contract for place of business in the context of restoration/rejuvenation of the Medan Municipal Petisah Market project which was made and signed by the Medan Municipal Government with PT. Gunung Karya Kencana Sentosa (PT.GKKS) on July 24, 1993 with agreement/contract number 511.2/13155 is a form of build operate transfer (BOT). The problem in this research is related to the contract arrangement for the place of business in the context of the development and management of the Petisah Market, how is the authority of PD.Pasar Kota Medan in making cooperation contracts and problems and their solutions in the development and management cooperation of the Petisah Market. This research method uses a qualitative method that is juridical normative. Based on the formulation of the problem, this research also conducts interviews and direct observations of the results of development carried out by PT. GKKS as well as the management of Medan Petisah Market which is divided into management areas based on the contract, namely the first floor for PT. GKKS and the second floor for the third floor for PD. Pasar Kota Medan. Making every contract in the PD environment. Medan City Market before and after regional autonomy is the same. PD. Medan City Market is authorized and has the right to make a cooperation contract with any party as long as it must be approved by the Medan City PD.Pasar Supervisory Board. Therefore, the Petisah Market contract is null and void because the Medan City Government represented by the Medan Mayor is not authorized to be a party to the cooperation contract because the Petisah Market which is the object of the contract/agreement is not owned by the Medan City Government since the change in the Medan City Market Service institution. become a PD. Medan City Market.
Minority Rights in the Middle East

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One can scarcely imagine a more acute test of democratic governance today—in the Middle East or beyond, including Europe—than the issue of minority citizenship. Indeed, this volume is part of a series of works from Oxford University Press on the legal and political aspects of minority rights at large. Over a decade ago, Will Kymlicka and Wayne Norman noted a stubborn general tendency to separate matters of democratic citizenship from minority equity, despite the resurgence of interest in both.This is all the more vexing given the shared challenges: the public role of religion, globalized mobility, and the growing demands for communal autonomy, among others. In the Middle East, as elsewhere, these trends and their implications need to be understood in their unfolding historical context; the alternative is to reduce complexity to slogans such as ‘the clash of civilizations’ and ‘Islam is the problem’. It is salutary that the authors of Minority Rights in the Middle East are alert not only to Orientalist pitfalls but also to the need for a wider ethical critique of the normative frameworks at hand, regional and global alike. (Published: 17 March 2014) Citation: Ethics & Global Politics, Vol. 7 , No. 1, 2014, pp. 41-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/egp.v7.23351
The myriad meanings of cultural identities

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide the authors’ response to three commentaries (Batra and Wu, 2019; Papadopoulos, 2019; Westjohn and Magnusson, 2019) on Strizhakova and Coulter (2019), “Consumer cultural identities: local and global cultural identities and measurement implications,” International Marketing Review . Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper and a response to commentaries on the initial paper Strizhakova and Coulter (2019), “Consumer cultural identity: local and global cultural identities and measurement implications”. Findings This paper continues an important dialogue on the topic of multifaceted consumer cultural identities. Specifically, the authors discuss the myriad meanings of cultural identity, as well as meanings of global, local, disinterested/disidentified and glocal cultural beliefs. The paper offers directions and poses questions that warrant future research attention and have important implications for global and local brand managers. Originality/value The paper addresses important issues and future research directions about the provocative topic of consumer cultural identities, their meanings, measurements and practical/research implications.
Removal of EU Milk Quotas Using a CGE Model with Imperfect Competition and Heterogeneous Firms

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The year 2015 marked the end of one of the longest surviving legacies of the `old' Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) – the elimination of the milk quota. A review of the modelling literature reveals a number of ex ante impact assessments of quota abolition. The general consensus is that quota abolition will benefit aggregate EU milk and dairy output, largely through the mechanism of market price falls as quota rents dissipate. Despite evidence to the contrary in the dairy industry, a further common feature to all these studies is the assumption of perfect competition and constant returns to scale to characterise producer, as well as homogeneous product preferences. This study seeks to fill this gap in the literature by focusing on the export potential of EU dairy producers under conditions of imperfect competition, employing the latest developments in the applied modelling literature. When the dairy sector is modelled as a `Melitz' sector, quota removal results in a drop in price charged by average firm. This price drop is slightly greater in France and Rest of EU than it is in Germany, but there is a large increase in the quantity and productivity of the average firm in France and the Rest of EU. Against a baseline of stagnant or declining output, the abolition of EU milk quotas in 2015 should lead to strong growth in EU dairy output. When dairy is modelled as an imperfectly competitive `Melitz' sector, stronger productivity growth in France and the Rest of EU lead to stronger growth in dairy output.
Family and Schooling Influences on Children's Memory Development.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

MF01/PC01 Plus Pcstage. Cognitive Development; Learning Activities; *Learning Processes; *Memorizing; *Memory; Parent Role; *Preschool Learning; Primary Education; *Recall (Psychological); Teacher Role Thirty-two parent couples participated in this investigation to determine whether learning patterns established in the home environment significantly affect a child's later cognitive development in traditionally schcol-taught subjects. This research report outlines the methodology used in the study, explains the operational criteria for the four different kinds of knowledge considered, and tabulates the results et the experiment by means of percentage statistics. The differences between teacher initiated and parent-initiated memory training techniques are discussed. The study ccncludes that preschool children have little exposure to mnemonic study techniques (even though the majority of parents feel that the formation of memorization skills should take place prior to school enrollment), and that the small amount of training that they do receive has a negligible effect cn later memory performance. (LH) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Family and Schooling Influences on Children's Memory Development Rosanne L. Sullivan, Garrett Lange and Linden M. Palmer Department of Child Development and Family Studies
Analysis of Material Convergence, Logistics, and Organizational Typology of Animal Supplies in the 2018 Puna Lava Flow

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The following paper is a case study on the Puna lava flow of May 2018 to analyze the group efforts and shifts in group tasks chronologically, specifically for the management of supplies for companion and farm animals. Data were recorded from a detailed tracking of social media forums in which people coordinated efforts for the movement of supplies. One of the researchers was also deployed for fieldwork to Hawaii during the lava flow to document road closures and key hub locations for supplies and relief. Through these methods, the authors identified donation and volunteer requests to create a timeline for the event and to understand how volunteers and groups managed donations during the event and the ways in which this timeline overlapped with shifting group priorities.
Seeking Answers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on the first session of the Aspin-Brown Commission of 1995–1996. The chapter looks at the topics discussed during the session, including the political issues facing Washington, the search for a director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to replace James Woolsey, the restructuring of the intelligence community, the intelligence budget, improving human intelligence and counterintelligence, and the CIA. It also describes eleven task forces and the issues they were intended to address, including macro-organizational issues, military intelligence, imagery intelligence, liaison with foreign intelligence services, and intelligence personnel. Finally, it considers the commission's series of briefings to address the nuts and bolts of espionage.
School staff’s views on poor mental health among Swedish students in a rural setting

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background School staffs' views on poor mental health in students is of interest when planning and evaluating mental health promotion in school. The aim of the present study was to explore school staff's views on poor mental health in students. Methods The study was carried out in a rural municipality in the northern part of Sweden in 2019-2020. The baseline data presented here was collected prior to a mental health promotion intervention (Youth Aware of Mental Health). Three focus group interviews were conducted with teachers/teacher assistants in grade 7-9 at three different schools, and one with the central student health team. One individual interview was carried out with a psychologist from the student health team. Thematic content analysis was used. Results Preliminary analysis resulted in three themes. In To discover and interpret poor mental health, the school staff discussed distribution, signs, and difficulties for school staff and students to detect and handle poor mental health. In The surrounding community, school staff reflected on the impact of students' contexts, including school, home, leisure activities, and social media, in the rural setting. Lastly, in What the school and students can do, school staff elaborated on conditions and possibilities to prevent and manage poor mental health in the local context. Conclusions School staff expressed that they and the students had difficulties interpreting and managing students' poor mental health. Students are surrounded by norms, and demands for responsibility, engagement and performance in different contexts. Inadequacies in the school organization put greater responsibility on the individual teacher. Key messages There are shortcomings in school staffs' as well as students’ knowledge of and management of poor mental health. In order to promote mental health among students, the rural school needs to create an organization that takes into account the conditions of sparsely populated areas.
Compact K/Ka‐band dipole antenna element with ball grid array packaging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A compact K/Ka‐Band dipole antenna element with ball grid array packaging is proposed. The antenna is divided into two parts, one is a cuboid antenna element fabricated on a FR4 printed circuit board, and the other is a grounded coplanar waveguide feed line fabricated on a motherboard. To minimize the size of the antenna element, we use three‐dimensional structure to design the antenna element. The dipole patches are fabricated on the top layer of the antenna element, and the ball grid array is on the bottom layer of the antenna element. Plated through holes connect solder balls and dipole patches. Finally, the antenna element is mounted on the motherboard. We designed, manufactured and measured the antenna prototypes. The details of the antenna design and the measurement results are presented and discussed.
Violence and Law, Gender and Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In nineteenth-century England, the problem of violence, the meanings of gender, and the workings of law were all assuming more prominent places in culture and consciousness. As they did, the three converged on one issue in particular – that of more effectively controlling male violence, particularly in order to better protect women. Of course, such a morally and politically stigmatized concept as “violence” is not simply descriptive of an objective set of actions but, particularly at its margins, subject to multiple, changing and often competing definitions. In some definitions, violence has not needed to be physical (it might, for example, be verbal, in the form of threats or insults, or the “mental cruelty” as cited in divorce law); in others, the infliction of physical pain and even injury has not necessarily been violence (in medical procedures or in the punishment of children, until very recently). New forms of “violence” are continually discovered, while behavior considered “violent” may in time cease to be so labeled.
First PGAA and NAA experimental results from a compact high intensity D-D neutron generator

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Various types of neutron generator systems have been designed and tested at the Plasma and Ion Source Technology Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. These generators are based on a D-D fusion reaction. These high power D-D neutron generators can provide neutron fluxes in excess of the current state of the art D-T neutron generators, without the use of pre-loaded targets or radioactive tritium gas. Safe and reliable long-life operations are the typical features of these D-D generators. All of the neutron generators developed in the Plasma and Ion Source Technology Group are utilizing powerful RF-induction discharge to generate the deuterium plasma. One of the advantages of using the RF-induction discharge is it's ability to generate high fraction of atomic ions from molecular gases, and the ability to generate high plasma densities for high extractable ion current from relatively small discharge volume.
Face recognition evaluation of an association cortex - entorhinal cortex hippocampal formation model by successive learning

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Based on the visual information processing system in the brain, we developed an association cortex to entorhinal - hippocampal neural network model (AEH model) for learning and recollection of human faces. We evaluated the learning and recollection performance of the AEH model by computer simulation. We presented each human face to the AEH model twice. We regarded that the AEH model recognized each face correctly if the AEH model learned the face the first time and recalled it the second time, in accordance with human perception. In the experiment, ten human faces were successively presented to the AEH model. The recognition performance of the model was 100 percent correct, indicating the effectiveness of the representation and transformation algorithm of the AEH model.
[Effect of calcium and other cations on pyruvate transport in rat liver mitochondria].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effect of Ca2+ and other cations on the initial rate of pyruvate translocation by rat liver mitochondria has been studied. It has been found that added Ca2+ strongly stimulates the rate of pyruvate uptake by non-respiring mitochondria. Mn2+ and to lesser extent Sr2+ could replace Ca2+ whilst Mg2+ has only little effect. The stimulation of pyruvate uptake by Ca2+ is completely abolished by alpha-cyanocinnamate a specific inhibitor of pyruvate translocation but not by lanthanide which inhibits Ca2+ uptake. Direct measurements of the transmembrane delta pH in mitochondria show no appreciable changes following the addition of Ca2+, this excluding the possibility that the Ca2+ dependent stimulation of pyruvate uptake might be due to an increase of transmembrane delta pH. It is therefore conceivable that the effect of Ca2+ can be ascribed to an interaction of this cation with the translocator on the external of the mitochondrial membrane. Although the data obtained do not warrant postulation of the nature of the calcium induced stimulation of mitochondrial pyruvate transport it is likely that this effect may be of a great importance in the regulation of pyruvate transport and metabolism in mitochondria.
Double-Directional Superresolution Radio Channel Measurements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper describes measurements of radio propagation at 2 and 5 GHz in urban environments in Vienna, Austria, and Ilmenau, Germany, and in a rural highway environment near Salzburg, Austria, taken with virtual and physical antenna arrays. Multiple antenna elements at both the base and the mobile stations permit, by estimation with superresolution algorithms, evaluation of directions-of-arrival and directions-of-departure.