jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Proteomic Analysis of Ubiquitinated Proteins in Rice (Oryza sativa) After Treatment With Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) Elicitors

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Reversible protein ubiquitination plays essential roles in regulating cellular processes. Although many reports have described the functions of ubiquitination in plant defense responses, few have focused on global changes in the ubiquitome. To better understand the regulatory roles of ubiquitination in rice pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), we investigated the ubiquitome of rice seedlings after treatment with two pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), the fungal-derived chitin or the bacterial-derived flg22, using label-free quantitative proteomics. In chitin-treated samples, 144 and 167 lysine-ubiquitination sites in 121 and 162 proteins showed increased and decreased ubiquitination, respectively. In flg22-treated samples, 151 and 179 lysine-ubiquitination sites in 118 and 166 proteins showed increased and decreased ubiquitination, respectively. Bioinformatic analyses indicated diverse regulatory roles of these proteins. The ubiquitination levels of many proteins involved in the ubiquitination system, protein transportation, ligand recognition, membrane trafficking, and redox reactions were significantly changed in response to the elicitor treatments. Notably, the ubiquitination levels of many enzymes in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway were up-regulated, indicating that this pathway is tightly regulated by ubiquitination during rice PTI. Additionally, the ubiquitination levels of some key components in plant hormone signaling pathways were up- or down-regulated, suggesting that ubiquitination may fine-tune hormone pathways for defense responses. Our results demonstrated that ubiquitination, by targeting a wide range of proteins for degradation or stabilization, has a widespread role in modulating PTI in rice. The large pool of ubiquitination targets will serve as a valuable resource for understanding how the ubiquitination system regulates defense responses to pathogen attack.
Nurses’ moral suffering, burnout and turnover intentions: A two-wave study

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Background Nurses suffered an unprecedented number of potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their long-term associations with organizational well-being remain unknown. Research aim We aimed to assess whether psychological basic need thwarting characteristic of nurses’ episodic memories of PMIEs from the pandemic, either enacted (self-PMIEs) or passively witnessed (other-PMIEs), explained unique burnout and turnover intentions variance 2 years after the events. Research design We present findings of a quantitative, two-wave longitudinal study (2022, when the pandemic peaked, and 2024, post-pandemic), focusing on comparing the two waves. In 2022, participants were randomly assigned to self-report need-thwarting associated with memories of either self-PMIEs or other-PMIES (quasi-experimental design). During both waves, they filled in questionnaires for burnout, turnover intentions, work-related psychological need satisfaction and socio-demographic factors. Participants and research context Through chain-referral methods, we purposively sampled 463 Romanian nurses working in hospitals at the peak of the pandemic in 2022, with 350 remaining in 2024. Ethical considerations Ethical approval was granted by the faculty ethics committee. Participants were fully informed of the research purpose and their rights prior to both waves. Findings Linear mixed models showed that need-frustration associated with memories of self-PMIEs (assessed in 2022) significantly predicted burnout and turnover intentions in 2024. For memories of other-PMIEs, the relationships became nonsignificant in 2024. Conclusions Episodic memories of self-PMIEs continue to contribute to nurses’ burnout and turnover intentions 2 years after the events. Organizational efforts for fostering positive retrospective appraisals through counseling services are needed, along with creating a safe climate where ethical misdemeanors may be disclosed and processed without fear of sanctions.
[Diagnostic value of transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis. A comparative analysis comparing it with transthoracic echocardiography].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study is to compare the performance of Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) and the Transthoracic approach (TTE) in the diagnosis of Infectious Endocarditis (IE). Between October/90, the data we started transesophageal ultrasound, till April/92, we performed 33 TTE in inpatients with clinical suspicion of IE. Twenty pts (61%) had one or two prosthesis. All the pts had a previous TTE. The diagnosis of IE determined by non-echocardiographic data was established on 18 pts. The other 15 pts, without clinical criteria of IE, were used as the control group. The Echocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of IE were for both diagnostic tools the presence of masses suggesting vegetation of abscess. The diagnosis was correctly made by TTE in 8 of the 18 pts (S-44%) and by TEE in 16 of the 18 pts (S-89%) with clinical criteria for IE. Of the 15 patients without clinical criteria for IE 14 were correctly identified by TTE (Sp-93%) and 13 by TEE (Sp-89%). With a similar VPP (89%) for both tools has TEE a significative higher value for NPV than TTE (87% vs 58%). This study suggests that TEE, at a same level of specificity as TTE, is highly more sensitive in the diagnosis of IE (S-89 14 for TEE and S-44 23 for TTE) a figure that recommends that all patients with clinical suspicion of IE and a negative TTE should perform a TEE.
The Effect of Using the Internal Audit Function as a Management Training Ground on the External Auditor's Reliance Decision

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study examines how using the internal audit function (IAF) as a management training ground (MTG) affects external audit fees and the external auditors' perceptions of the IAF. Over half of all companies that have an IAF specifically hire internal auditors with the purpose of rotating them into management positions (or cycle current employees into the IAF for a short stint before promoting them into management positions). Using archival data, we find that external auditors charge higher fees to companies that use the IAF as a MTG. Using an experiment, we provide evidence as to why fees are higher. Specifically, we find that external auditors perceive internal auditors employed in an IAF used as a MTG to be less objective but not less competent than internal auditors employed in an IAF not used as a MTG. These results have important implications for the many companies that use their IAF as a MTG. Data Availability: Contact the authors. Data provided by the Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation are subject to restrictions.
Simulation Based Techno-Economic Evaluation of Self-sufficient Microgrid Systems with Renewable Energy and Power-to-X

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Because of the renewable energy's weather dependence (e.g.wind, solar) as well as the normally mismatched load profile of energy consumption, the deployment of energy storages in Microgrid system is mandatory for an autarky.The Power-to-X (PtX) technology with Hydrogen or Synthetic gas will be one of the particularly relevant solutions.Self-sufficient (Off-Grid) microgrids incorporating renewable energy sources, Power-to-X and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) were created and investigated.A set of different system designs was sized to fulfill the load demand and analyzed by using a rule-based operating strategy whilst respecting predicted price changes of Hydrogen, Synthetic gas and components.The results show that the deployment of microgrid system using renewable energy, Power-to-X and CHP on the example of the selected industrial site might be a competitive solution for reaching not only decarbonization or carbon dioxide neutrality but also achieves a similar range of the household's electricity price before 2022.
Rhizobial Infection Is Associated with the Development of Peripheral Vasculature in Nodules ofMedicago truncatula

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Nodulation in legumes involves the coordination of epidermal infection by rhizobia with cell divisions in the underlying cortex. During nodulation, rhizobia are entrapped within curled root hairs to form an infection pocket. Transcellular tubes called infection threads then develop from the pocket and become colonized by rhizobia. The infection thread grows toward the developing nodule primordia and rhizobia are taken up into the nodule cells, where they eventually fix nitrogen. The epidermal and cortical developmental programs are synchronized by a yet-to-be-identified signal that is transmitted from the outer to the inner cell layers of the root. Using a new allele of the Medicago truncatula mutant Lumpy Infections, lin-4, which forms normal infection pockets but cannot initiate infection threads, we show that infection thread initiation is required for normal nodule development. lin-4 forms nodules with centrally located vascular bundles similar to that found in lateral roots rather than the peripheral vasculature characteristic of legume nodules. The same phenomenon was observed in M. truncatula plants inoculated with the Sinorhizobium meliloti exoY mutant, and the M. truncatula vapyrin-2 mutant, all cases where infections arrest. Nodules on lin-4 have reduced expression of the nodule meristem marker MtCRE1 and do not express root-tip markers. In addition, these mutant nodules have altered patterns of gene expression for the cytokinin and auxin markers CRE1 and DR5. Our work highlights the coordinating role that bacterial infection exerts on the developing nodule and allows us to draw comparisons with primitive actinorhizal nodules and rhizobia-induced nodules on the nonlegume Parasponia andersonii.
Second Language Identity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this chapter we look at what research has to say about second language identity, the central theme of this book. According to our working definition, second language identity refers to any aspect of a person's identity that is related to their knowledge and use of a second language. We begin, therefore, with a discussion of the wider construct of identity and its links to narrative and second language learning. We then look more closely at the concept of second language identity itself and conclude with a brief discussion of the role of 'critical experiences', such as study abroad, in the development of second language identities.
Patient factors and quality of life outcomes differ among four subgroups of oncology patients based on symptom occurrence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reviews of the literature on symptoms in oncology patients undergoing curative treatment, as well as patients receiving palliative care, suggest that they experience multiple, co-occurring symptoms and side effects.The purposes of this study were to determine if subgroups of oncology patients could be identified based on symptom occurrence rates and if these subgroups differed on a number of demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as on quality of life (QoL) outcomes.Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify subgroups (i.e. latent classes) of patients with distinct symptom experiences based on the occurrence rates for the 13 most common symptoms from the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale.In total, 534 patients with breast, head and neck, colorectal, or ovarian cancer participated. Four latent classes of patients were identified based on probability of symptom occurrence: all low class [i.e. low probability for all symptoms (n = 152)], all high class (n = 149), high psychological class (n = 121), and low psychological class (n = 112). Patients in the all high class were significantly younger compared with patients in the all low class. Furthermore, compared to the other three classes, patients in the all high class had lower functional status and higher comorbidity scores, and reported poorer QoL scores. Patients in the high and low psychological classes had a moderate probability of reporting physical symptoms. Patients in the low psychological class reported a higher number of symptoms, a lower functional status, and poorer physical and total QoL scores.Distinct subgroups of oncology patients can be identified based on symptom occurrence rates. Patient characteristics that are associated with these subgroups can be used to identify patients who are at greater risk for multiple co-occurring symptoms and diminished QoL, so that these patients can be offered appropriate symptom management interventions.
Evaluation of Suitability of the Regional Spatial Plan At Buleleng Regency 2013-2033

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to evaluate the suitability of land use with the Buleleng Regency Spatial Plan 2013-2033. The method used to evaluate the level of suitability of land use is by comparing the actual land use with the Regional Spatial Plan so that the level of conformity can be seen. Determination of
Chimeric Functional Latissimus Flap Transfer to Restore Ankle Dorsiflexion following a Traumatic Defect of the Lower Leg: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The reconstructive challenges to a devastating lower extremity injury include achieving bony stability, soft tissue coverage, restoring or improving function, and eventually achieving skin closure. Techniques including vascularized and nonvascularized bone grafting are well-described approaches in attaining bony stability of the lower extremity.[1] Free composite tissue transfer can achieve coverage of bony prosthetic material with healthy wound healing, but often fails to address the functional aspect of the lower limb. Functional restoration of the lower extremity has been shown to increase patient quality of life and may reach comparable levels to that of the normal population.[2] Cost-utility analysis shows that costs of amputation far exceed limb salvage independent of ongoing prosthesis needs.[3] Although this may prove to be a difficult task, encouraging results are seen with functional muscle transfer.[4] [5] [6] [7] Recently, the chimeric flap has gained popularity in its unique ability to restore composite defects of the lower extremity while maintaining economic tissue use and low donor-site morbidity. We present a case of a large composite defect of the anterior leg successfully repaired with a free chimeric functional latissimus dorsi flap resulting in functional dorsiflexion that has not previously been reported.
A Cognitive Method for Comparing and Elaborating on Technology Frames

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract From employees’ varied interpretations of software efficacy to consumers’ diverse beliefs about data privacy, technology frames refer to cognitive interpretations, assumptions and expectations that people use to comprehend the essence of information technology within a particular context. These frames differ across groups with different values, interests, experiences and expertise, having critical implications for researchers, managers and organizations. Despite theoretical enthusiasm to understand technology frames, limited methodological insights exist on how to systematically explore and compare technology frames. This gap impedes researchers from exploring novel questions related to technology frames, their variations and how they can be managed effectively. This paper proposes a cognitive method for comparing and elaborating on technology frames. Building on causal mapping and empirical studies, the method formulates steps to plan, elicit, compare and elaborate on the relationships that underlie framing differences. The method offers detailed recommendations and templates for effectively organizing and communicating diverse manifestations of framing differences and their implications. The paper concludes by highlighting the method's practical implications and encouraging research to advance extant knowledge of technology frames in the rapidly changing digital world.
Weakly Supervised Video Anomaly Detection Based on Cross-Batch Clustering Guidance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Weakly supervised video anomaly detection (WSVAD) is a challenging task since only video-level labels are available for training. In previous studies, the discriminative power of the learned features is not strong enough, and the data imbalance resulting from the mini-batch training strategy is ignored. To address these two issues, we propose a novel WSVAD method based on cross-batch clustering guidance. To enhance the discriminative power of features, we propose a batch clustering based loss to encourage a clustering branch to generate distinct normal and abnormal clusters based on a batch of data. Meanwhile, we design a cross-batch learning strategy by introducing clustering results from previous mini-batches to reduce the impact of data imbalance. In addition, we propose to generate more accurate segment-level anomaly scores based on batch clustering guidance further improving the performance of WSVAD. Extensive experiments on two public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Effect of nitrogen incorporation to electrical and optical properties of amorphous carbon thin film prepared by thermal CVD

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon thin films have been prepared by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique at different temperature. The preparation involved argon, camphor and nitrogen as carrier gas, carbon source and dopant respectively. The effects of nitrogen incorporation in the amorphous carbon thin film on electrical and optical properties was characterized by using Advantest R6243 DC Voltage Current Source/Monitor and SemiPro Curve Software and UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy. The current-voltage (I-V) measurement studies demonstrate that the conductivity increased along the deposition temperature. There are also significant changes in conductivity and optical band gap for doped and undoped thin films.
UPLC-MS/MS characterization of phenolic constituents in fennel seed extracts (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Reports in the recent literature indicate that consumption of phytochemicals (e.g. plant polyphenols) has been associated with a wide range of health benefits. Fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is common Mediterranean plant that has been widely used as medicinal and aromatic herb. Numerous studies reported the use of fennel extracts (plant or seed) due to its diversity of phenolic compounds to whom inhibitory effects against several diseases are prescribed. Hence, phenolic compounds isolated from fennel are of the great interest for the use in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. In order to obtain the highest quality of the fennel extracts, the selection of an effective extraction procedure is required. Nowadays, innovative extraction techniques have been introduced for isolation of bioactive compounds from plant material, among which pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was reported as automated extraction procedure that combines effects of elevated temperature and pressure to increase the efficiency of the extraction process. Improved efficiency is also achieved by selecting the right solvent and by optimizing processing conditions (temperature, static time, cycle number). Thus, PLE was applied for the extraction of phenolic compounds from fennel seeds. The effects of exhaustive extraction (acetone followed by methanol) as well as extraction temperatures (75 and 100 °C), static time (5 and 10 min) and cycle number (1,2,3) on the phenolic compounds concentrations were evaluated. A total of 27 phenolic compounds were identified and characterized by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS whereas 6 different categories are distinguished: ( 1 ) simple phenolic acid derivatives, ( 2 ) hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid derivatives, ( 3 ) flavonoid diglycosides, ( 4 ) flavonoid O -rhamnoglucosides, ( 5 ) flavonoid glucuronides and ( 6 ) flavonoid glycosides. Phenolic compounds were identified by comparing retention time and m/z values obtained by MS and MS/MS with the mass spectra from corresponding standards whereas the quantification was made on the basis of their peak areas and comparison with calibration curve obtained with the corresponding standards. Obtained results indicated that hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid derivatives (10 compounds) and flavonoid glucuronides (3 compounds) were found as the most abundant phenolics in acetone and methanol extracts, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that optimized PLE conditions for the most effective extraction of phenolic compounds were as follows: 100 °C/10 min/3 cycles for acetone and 100 °C/5 min/3 cycles for methanol extracts. In conclusion, PLE might be considered as a rapid and effective extraction procedure that could be useful in production of fennel seeds extracts.
Structural Changes in Prostatic Cancer after Bilateral Adrenalectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conditions are described in which pituitary growth hormone consistently produces an " insulin-like " effect on the glucose uptake of diaphragm from normal rats.The effect is shown to be absent when the rats have been made diabetic, and to return when diabetic rats are injected with insulin.It is postulated that the effect is due to the liberation by growth hormone of insulin held in an inactive state in the blood or tissue.
STUDIES ON THE CAROTENOIDS OF SALMON-III

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Indentification of the pigments of canned red salmon was performed according approximately to the method previously reported. The chromatogram on CaCO3 showed three bands when developed with 3% acetone in benzene (Fig. 1 and 2). It seems that the first and the second band correspond to the cis-isomers of astaxanthin derived by the processing, and the third, the main fraction, represents all-trans astaxanthin, an unchanged natural pigment (Fig. 1). Changes in content of the pigments during the storage of canned red salmon were investigated, and it was ascertained that there were no significant changes during the storage period up to 15 months at room temperatures, although there were detected slightly higher contents of the pigment in the cans stored for 1-3 months, and the amount of the pigment in the separated oils showed an increasing tendency during the storage (Table 1). It was found that the content of the pigment had falled to about 64% of that of fresh muscle. It seems that the heating sterilization is responsible for such a remarkable loss in the pigment.
[Comparative antioxidant and antihypoxic activities of new 1,4-dihydro-4-oxopyrimidine derivative--compound PDMpT.HCl and mexidol].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Compound PDMpT.HCI reduces intensity of lipoperoxidation, activates antioxidant system and increases animal life expectancy under hypoxic circumstance.
A New Species of Hygrophorus from North America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACTA new species, Hygrophorus caeruleus, is described from conifer habitats in the Rocky Mountains of central Idaho. It possesses characteristics which are intermediate between Sections Camarophyllopsis Hesler and Smith and Section Hygrocybe Fries.Key Words: HygrophorusBasidiomycetestaxonomyRocky Mountains