jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Longer telomeres during early life predict higher lifetime fitness in females but not males

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The mechanisms that contribute to variation in lifetime reproductive success are not well understood. One possibility is that telomeres, conserved DNA sequences at chromosome ends that often shorten with age and stress exposures, may reflect differences in vital processes or themselves influence fitness. Telomere length often predicts longevity, but longevity is only one component of fitness and little is known about how longevity and lifetime reproductive success relate to telomere dynamics in wild populations. We examined the relationships between telomere length beginning in early life, telomere loss into adulthood, and lifetime reproductive success in free-living house sparrows (Passer domesticus). We found that females, but not males, with longer telomeres during early life had higher lifetime reproductive success, due to associations with longevity and not reproduction per year or attempt. Telomeres decreased with age in both sexes, but telomere loss was not associated with lifetime fitness. Sparrow telomeres may reflect differences in quality or condition rather than in pace of life, but only in females. Sexually discordant selection on telomeres is expected to influence the stability and maintenance of within population variation in telomere dynamics and suggests that any role telomeres play in mediating life-history trade-offs may be sex specific.
Insights into Fatty Acids β-Oxidation in Plant

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The catabolism of fatty acids mainly process via β-oxidation cycle in most organisms.In mammalian,β-oxidation occurs in the mitochondrion and peroxisome,while only within the peroxisome in plant and fungi.Peroxisomal β-oxidation is involved not only in fatty acid catabolism and lipid housekeeping but also in metabolism of hormones and amino acids in plants.Recent research in model species reveals that this pathway plays important roles in signaling and development,in particular regarding the involvement of β-oxidation in jasmonic acid biosynthesis.This review mainly concentrates on new insights into roles of β-oxidation in fatty acids catabolism,signaling and development in plant.
Antibody level after hepatitis-B vaccination in hemodialysis patients: impact of dialysis adequacy, chronic inflammation, local endemicity and nutritional status.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We prospectively studied the evolution of HBsAg antibody (HBsAb) after primary vaccination (four doses; Engerix B, 40 pg i.m at 0, one, two and six months) in 29 patients who were seronegative (HBsAb <10 IU/L), had not been previously vaccinated and were on hemodialysis. Their mean age was 45.58 +/- 10.98 years, and the hemodialysis duration ranged from 1-21 years. In addition, we assessed dialysis adequacy for all cases on four different occasions beside the estimation of predialysis serum albumin, serum ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), transferrin saturation ratio (TSAT), body mass index (BMI) and subjective global assessment (SGA). We measured anti-HBs titer eight weeks after the fourth dose. Our results showed that two patients (6.90%) were nonresponders (HBsAb <10 IU/L) after the completion of vaccination. One patient (3.45%) was a weak responder (10-100 IU/L). Strikingly, 26 patients (89.65%) showed good antibody response (>100 IU/L). HBsAb titers showed no significant correlation with age, duration of HD therapy, serum albumin, CRP, TSAT level, BMI or SGA scores (p > 0.05). Responders to primary vaccination had significantly higher levels of urea reduction ratio (%) and Kt/V compared to nonresponders (63.61 +/- 6.97% and 1.25 +/- 0.15 vs. 52.0 +/- 2.10% and 0.92 +/- 0.13, respectively, P < 0.05). In conclusion, this was a preliminary study showing a very high response to hepatitis-B vaccination among hemodialysis patients that neither correlated with age, systemic inflammation nor nutritional status. Efficient hemodialysis was associated with good response to hepatitis-B vaccine.
The Impact of Migration Processes on the Adolescents of Parents Emigrating from GeorgiaTransnational Parenthood

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Migration, and migration processes have long influenced the socio-political, economic, demographic or social structure of a country. The abovementioned phenomenon has been an integral part of the development of mankind and it still is. In the modern, globalizing world, in an era of scientific technological change and the deepening of relations between people, the issue of human mobility holds one of the key places in world politics. In scientific or political discussions, the question of how the human mobility can be used for a country’s development and not the other way around, gains more and more popularity. That is why migration management issues have been incorporated in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or in other similar documents, which are made not only for a specific country, but also for the harmonious development of the world, on which world leaders are working. It is also noteworthy that in 2018, the member states of the United Nations adopted a totally independent document, Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration. The document was the first such large scale attempt to develop a comprehensive approach on migration management issues. All in all, it is clear that Georgia cannot be an exception to this global process. The issue examined in the article about the challenges of migrant parents, especially children of emigrant mothers left in the homeland, unfortunately, mostly attracts the attention of the public and the media when dealing with a specific antisocial, tragic or unfortunate fact. Nevertheless, it is already clear at a first glance, that the topic is highly relevant, requiring a professional structural and strategic approach and not only a symptomatic response. Despite numerous important steps taken to improve migration management processes in Georgia in recent years, the issue examined in this article does not lose its urgency. In general, the cornerstone of Georgia's migration policy should certainly be a balanced migration management policy, which, on the one hand will allow people to gain work experience abroad and improve living conditions. However, all this should happen on a temporary, legal basis and not for a long term or permanently, especially through the means of irregular migration. Keywords: Migration and development; Children of emigrants; Generation grown up through electronic means of communication; Balanced legal migration; Prevention of Irregular migration.
7th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO), 2010. PREDICTION OF TEMPERATURE INSIDE A REFRIGERATED CONTAINER IN THE PRESENCE OF PERISHABLE GOODS.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an alternative method to predict the temperature profile in a spatial point of the interior of a refrigerated container with the aim of improving the logistics of perishable goods. A SISO gray-box model in which the organic heat is represented by a non-linear feedback system and the cooling process represented by a linear system is proposed. Parameter adaptation and prediction algorithms for the model are modified to reduce the matrix dimensions, implemented in Matlab and applied to experimental data for validation. Apart from being highly accurate, the predictions comply with the desired figures of merit for the implementation in wireless sensor nodes, such as high robustness against quantization and enviromental noise. Simulation results concludes that if the cargo emits organic heat, the proposed model is faster and more accurate than the linear models. 1
L'histoire de la radioprotection, un antécédent du principe de précaution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The story of radioprotection all along the XXth century has carried out the progressive building of a protection regime that, very early, incorporated a precautionary attitude in relation with possible risks for health that were still highly uncertain on a scientific ground. Years after such attitude took the form of several complementary principles: justification of any exposure, limitation of doses exposure below thresholds fixed on the basis of knowledge of proven damage for health, be they deterministic or stochastic, and ALARA in order to take account of potential risks resulting from very small doses.To manage the latter, it has been necessary to go out of the strictlty sanitarian domain and integrate economic and socio-political factors. Efforts to reach formal optimisation with the help of cost-benefit analysis, in which strong hopes had been placed at times, did not allow to achieve the expected progress in decision-making and safety and had to be supplemented by pragmatic approaches aimed at involving concerned workers and employees as much as possible in order to reach the lower level of exposure, taking account of economic and social factors. This ALARA approach (procedures and culture) to-day raises an open-ended question about social procedures and economic conditions of sharing a commitment to an accepted exposure to a residual stochastic risk, since zero risk is acknowledged not to exist.
The LAF - Hezbollah duopoly: a stake for the Lebanese safety and the regional security

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores the evolution in the relationship between the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) and Hezbollah in Lebanon, which can be qualified as a duopoly in the use of legitimate physical violence. Building on an explanation of Hezbollah’s path to political and military power, the second section of this article will provide an insight into the current nature of its relationship to the LAF, and the power-sharing between the two of them. In a third section, this article questions the future of this security duopoly in the context of the increasing military threat posed by radical elements from Syria at the border. In order to do so, the article elaborates and assesses two overarching scenarios in which each actor empowers the other, and five sub-scenarios to describe the different expectable modi operandi. The security duopoly is further analysed by introducing the regional stakes and influences on the LAF and Hezbollah. The conclusion of those 5 sub-scenarios’ assessment is that the current equilibrium of the relationship between the LAF and Hezbollah is not likely to change radically since every sub-scenario has flaws impacting its credibility, and hence its potential for becoming true.
Physicochemical studies of dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The structural changes of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a function of dini‐trophenylation have been studied by disc gel electrophoresis, sedimentation velocity analyses, and circular dichroism. These experiments were designed to understand the molecular bases for the change in immunogenicity and antigenicity of BSA upon dinitrophenylation. Dinitrophenylated BSA tends to aggregate to dimers and higher aggregates. A concomitant large change in electrophoretic mobility was also observed. Circular dichroism studies reveal a large decrease in the α‐helical structure of the BSA molecule.
Approaches to Conflict-free Replicated Data Types

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) allow optimistic replication in a principled way. Different replicas can proceed independently, being available even under network partitions and always converging deterministically: Replicas that have received the same updates will have equivalent state, even if received in different orders. After a historical tour of the evolution from sequential data types to CRDTs, we present in detail the two main approaches to CRDTs, operation-based and state-based, including two important variations, the pure operation-based and the delta-state based. Intended for prospective CRDT researchers and designers, this article provides solid coverage of the essential concepts, clarifying some misconceptions that frequently occur, but also presents some novel insights gained from considerable experience in designing both specific CRDTs and approaches to CRDTs.
Efficiency of Digital Economy in the Context of Sustainable Development: DEA-Tobit Approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper aims at measuring the efficiency of the digital economy in EU countries. For that purpose, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used. Sub-dimensions of the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) are used as inputs and the Sustainable Development Goals Index (SDGI) as an output. The results revealed that Bulgaria, Italy and Romania are the most efficient digital economies in terms of human capital; Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Poland and Portugal in terms of connectivity; Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania in terms of integration of digital technology; and Romania in terms of digital public services. The result of tobit regression analysis showed that not all the indicators of the DESI dimensions positively influence the efficiency of the digital economy.
Deep reinforcement learning based resource provisioning for federated edge learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid development of mobile internet technology and increasing concerns over data privacy, Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a significant framework for training machine learning models. Given the advancements in technology, User Equipment (UE) can now process multiple computing tasks simultaneously, and since UEs can have multiple data sources that are suitable for various FL tasks, multiple tasks FL could be a promising way to respond to different application requests at the same time. However, running multiple FL tasks simultaneously could lead to a strain on the device’s computation resource and excessive energy consumption, especially the issue of energy consumption challenge. Due to factors such as limited battery capacity and device heterogeneity, UE may fail to efficiently complete the local training task, and some of them may become stragglers with high-quality data. Aiming at alleviating the energy consumption challenge in a multi-task FL environment, we design an automatic Multi-Task FL Deployment (MFLD) algorithm to reach the local balancing and energy consumption goals. The MFLD algorithm leverages Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) techniques to automatically select UEs and allocate the computation resources according to the task requirement. Extensive experiments validate our proposed approach and showed significant improvements in task deployment success rate and energy consumption cost.
Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically ill adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: The primary objective of this review is to evaluate the clinical outcomes (mortality, infectious or non infectious complications, length of ICU and hospital stay) of critically ill adult patients receiving a prescribed hypocaloric enteral or parenteral NS compared with standard NS or hydration without NS. The secondary objective is to assess metabolic outcomes (carbohydrate, lipid or protein metabolic complications) of hypocaloric NS in critically ill adult patients.
Vigilant corporate leadership: A key to veritable organizational performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Leading a construction-related business in the global competitive environment is a complex and challenging undertaking. It takes more than technical skills to unleash new opportunities, compete for a leading position in the local market, break into foreign markets, develop and sustain long-term competitive advantage, continuously reinvent the business to be able to attract, develop and retain talent Corporate leaders must be able to see and do things that their competitors do not, make quick decisions to seize business opportunities, and constantly grow their people to take over the leadership positions within the firm. An in-depth qualitative study of 49 senior executive leaders in the construction industry of Singapore revealed that 'vigilant outlook'- inspirational vision, providing courageous impetus, systemic perspective, and vigilant decision making' - was a key characteristic of successful corporate leaders and their respective organizations. This article highlights how corporate leaders effectively employ 'vigilant outlook' to achieve sustainable growth and veritable performance for their people organizations.
Potential and polarization measurements in vivo of oral galvanism

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

abstract — Galvanic currents within the oral cavity may have harmful effects on biological tissues. In the present work 16 patients with different kinds of oral and other discomfort and pain which they attributed to oral galvanism were investigated. The potential and polarization of each metal restoration within reach of a platinum probe were measured versus a reference electrode. A recording of these measured values permits a calculation of the currents which may pass between the teeth. A control group of patients with no subjective symptoms of galvanism in the oral cavity was also investigated. The results of the electrochemical measurements showed that conditions for oral galvanism existed within the individuals of the patient group as well as within the control group. One remarkable observation was that the metallic restorations often consisted of different electrically isolated areas with different electrochemical properties. This and other factors influencing oral galvanism are discussed.
Quasielastic gamma-ray scattering from polydimethylsiloxane in benzene solutions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Quasielastic gamma-ray scattering of 46.5-keV Mössbauer photons by polydimethylsiloxane has been studied at room temperature as a function of dilution in benzene. The high energy resolution of this novel technique allowed the separation of the scattering signal into a narrow component associated with stiff motions along the polymer chain backbone and a quasielastic component associated with softer side group motions. The narrow component disappears upon dilution in benzene while the intensity of the quasielastic component grows proportionately. This result is interpreted as a softening of the backbone normal modes upon dilution.
Some Biochemical Processes Induced by Radiation as Studied by Pulse Radiolysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The main types of biochemically important electron transfer substances can be made to undergo reactions under irradiation which in some ways mimic those which occur in nature. In the case of NAD + , pulse radiolysis shows that electrons add to the pyridine ring forming an NAD· radical with a characteristic absorption in the visible range which is capable of transferring its electron to oxygen. Using simpler pyridinyl compounds it has been found that, as well as the absorptions in the visible range, the radicals exhibit absorptions in the infrared range which correlate well with transitions which may be deduced from the known charge‐transfer bands of the parent compound. The NAD· radical can be made by one‐electron oxidation of NADH as well as by reduction of NAD + , and the reaction with oxygen enables NADH to be converted into NAD + by an unambiguous free radical route. Cytochrome‐ c can be reduced either by hydrated electrons or CO 2 − . In solution buffered to neutral pH, the reduction gives rise immediately to normal reduced cytochrome‐ c , but in mildly alkaline solution, an unstable reduced form appears whose conformation changes over a fraction of a second to that of normal reduced cytochrome‐ c . As well as the hydrated electron and CO 2 − , the superoxide anion radical O 2 − has also been found to reduce cytochrome‐ c . This reaction is very slow (k ∼ 10 5 M −1 sec −1 ).
Protective Effects of Polysaccharides of Opuntia Dillenii Haw.on Acute Liver Damage in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To investigate the protective effect of OPS on liver injury in mice induced by carbon tetra- chloride(CCl_4),OPS solution was given i.g.30 d.After 2 h of the last administration,the intraperitoneal administration of 0.1% CCl_4(20 mL/kg)produced acute hepatic in mice.Thereafter,the activities of ser- um alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD),and the content of liver malondialdehyde(MDA)were measured 18 h after CCl_4-injury.The re- sults showed that OPS significantly decreased activities of serum ALT,AST and liver MDA content and in- crease SOD activity in CCl_4-poisned mice.OPS protected mice against liver injury induced by CC14,possibly due to strengthening its antioxidative capability.
Protein hydrolysates from Hermetia illucens trigger cellular responses to cope with LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in L-929 cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Insect protein hydrolysates (PH) are emerging as valuable compounds with biological activity. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential cytoprotective effects of PH from the Black Soldier Fly (BPH, in the range 0.1-0.5 mg/mL) against inflammatory conditions and oxidative stress in LPS-challenged L-929 cells. BPH was effective in inhibiting LPS-induced ROS and nitrite production and in reducing the protein and transcript levels of remarkable inflammatory markers, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, and IL-1β, as determined by ELISA and/or qPCR. Moreover, the BPH antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities rely on the induction of selected genes and proteins involved in the antioxidant response (i.e. Cu/ZnSod, MnSod, Gpx, HO-1) through Nrf2, as well as on the inhibition of the activation of NF-κB, a key player in inflammation. These findings suggest that BPH represents effective bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential for mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation in vitro, thus deserving further investigation into the underlying mechanisms before BPH application as novel drugs in the near future.
An evolving trade? male sex work and the Internet

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This investigation into the online male sex trade in Melbourne explores the Internet’s rise in popularity as a marketplace for male sex workers (MSWs). It examines the ways in which clients and workers engage with the Internet, as well as the effect(s) of this new domain upon workers and their professional encounters. The study finds that engaging in sex work is a common experience for young, attractive gay men, with many opting to offer their services (illegally) online in favour of more traditional sites (e.g. street, brothel/agency and print) due to a number of perceived advantages - such as anonymity, convenience and greater economic rewards. In turn, clients of MSWs also prefer to use the Internet for reasons pertaining to privacy and convenience. The marketing strategies employed by MSWs widely exploit stereotypes associated with (gay) masculinity in a market where visual representations of sexuality are of paramount importance. The study examines workers’ perceptions of success. Many associate long-term success in the industry with an ability to self-monitor, allowing for the maintenance of a wealthy client base. Finally, the study investigates the key legislative and social issues that may complicate the working and personal lives of Internet-based male sex workers (IMSWs).