jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Integrated gas sensor development for IoT applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Gas detection technology has been explored extensively and has become more significant due to its inclusion in wide range of applications. Some examples include polluting gas detection by vehicles in the automotive industry, indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring, environmental studies and detection of alcohol level in breath analysis. Gas sensors for Consumer Electronics applications play an important part and are expected to reach 350 million units by 2021, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 49%. The gas detection is highly dependent on the design of the photoacoustic cells and the transducer sensitivity. MEMS Microphone is the transducer discussed in this project. MEMS Microphone offers high signal to noise ratio (SNR), low power consumption and better sensitivity. In this project, the photoacoustic cell will be designed based on the highest-pressure sensitivity of the MEMS microphone.
Perceived Stress and Its Physical Presentation During Exam: A Study of Central Park Medical College

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stress during examination is a global issue. Researches show that the physical impact of stress includes various clinical symptoms and diseases. This study was designed to analyze the clinical presentation of stress in medical students during professional examination and the coping strategies practiced by them. Objective: To evaluate the causes of stress during exams and its physical presentation in medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Central Park Medical College, from November 2022 to February 2023. A validated questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. Medical students from 1st year to the 4th year of the age group 18 to 25 years were selected using the convenient sampling method. The data were transcribed into SPSS version 26.0. The significance of the results was decided at a p-value of ≤ 0.05. Results: The most frequent clinical symptom during stress was fatigue, followed by headache. These symptoms varied significantly among male and female students (p ≤ 0.05) for headache, tense muscles, depression, and decreased blood pressure. The portion regarding coping mechanisms exercised by students during stress, revealed religious activities (35%) followed by music (22%) and sleep (18%) respectively. The study also revealed that the biggest support medical graduates get during stress is from their friends (45%). Conclusions: This study concluded that the main cause of stress during professional exams is fear of disappointing parents. This stress presents in the form of physical symptoms like excessive fatigue, headache, and anxiety. Where the support system during this time is friends for most respondents, the most commonly exercised coping mechanism is performing religious activities.
Cluster randomized trial to evaluate the impact of team training on surgical outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The application of safety principles from the aviation industry to the operating room has offered hope in reducing surgical complications. This study aimed to assess the impact on major surgical complications of adding an aviation-based team training programme after checklist implementation. Methods A prospective parallel-group cluster trial was undertaken between September 2011 and March 2013. Operating room teams from 31 hospitals were assigned randomly to participate in a team training programme focused on major concepts of crew resource management and checklist utilization. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of any major adverse event, including death, during the hospital stay within the first 30 days after surgery. Using a difference-in-difference approach, the ratio of the odds ratios (ROR) was estimated to compare changes in surgical outcomes between intervention and control hospitals. Results Some 22 779 patients were enrolled, including 5934 before and 16 845 after team training implementation. The risk of major adverse events fell from 8·8 to 5·5 per cent in 16 intervention hospitals (adjusted odds ratio 0·57, 95 per cent c.i. 0·48 to 0·68; P &lt; 0·001) and from 7·9 to 5·4 per cent in 15 control hospitals (odds ratio 0·64, 0·50 to 0·81; P &lt; 0·001), resulting in the absence of difference between arms (ROR 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·67 to 1·21; P = 0·474). Outcome trends revealed significant improvements among ten institutions, equally distributed across intervention and control hospitals. Conclusion Surgical outcomes improved substantially, with no difference between trial arms. Successful implementation of an aviation-based team training programme appears to require modification and adaptation of its principles in the context of the the surgical milieu. Registration number: NCT01384474 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Dyslexia as a dis-order: the SOLID hypothesis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although the number of theoretical accounts for dyslexia keeps growing, all these co-existing frameworks explain only some deficiencies associated with the learning disorder. The present paper introduces the SOLID (Serial-Order Learning Impairment in Dyslexia) hypothesis. This novel hypothesis provides an integrative account of dyslexia: it reconciles the dominant theoretical views under the assumption that dyslexia and its variety of related linguistic and nonlinguistic dysfunctions may be traced back to a central, specific impairment of serial-order learning. The hypothesis is supported by an experimental study, making use of the Hebb repetition learning paradigm. Our results demonstrate that people with dyslexia are fundamentally impaired in the acquisition of serial-order information, leading to impoverished lexical representations.
Using E-mail as Performance Feedback to Teach Paraprofessionals to Implement Constant Time Delay with Braille Words

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Equipping paraprofessionals to implement evidence-based instructional practices with fidelity can enhance the education of students with visual impairments. We used a multiple probe across participants design to evaluate the ability of paraprofessionals to follow constant time delay procedures with high fidelity when teaching braille words. We delivered performance feedback by e-mail and examined student learning outcomes. All three paraprofessionals achieved 100% correct implementation of constant time delay and maintained this high level of implementation over time. All three students successfully learned the targeted words. The combination of the training and support with e-mail feedback was effective at equipping them to deliver an evidence-based practice. Paraprofessionals affirmed the social validity of the intervention and considered e-mail performance feedback as an easy-to-understand way of receiving much-needed guidance. E-mail feedback is a cost-effective and simple tool for providing constructive feedback, while also ensuring paraprofessionals deliver instruction with high fidelity.
Successful fertility outcome in a couple with recurrent implantation failure and testicular cancer survivor: A case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A couple of Indo-American descent, presented to our clinic with a history of primary infertility and repeated IVF implantation failure. Male was a testicular cancer survivor who had erectile dysfunction and azoospermia. Female partner had polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOD). She had three unsuccessful attempts of embryo transfer at another fertility clinic. At our clinic, she underwent controlled ovarian stimulation, COH started from day two period with rFSH (follicle stimulating hormone) followed by HMG (human menopausal gondadotropin) with antagonist protocol followed by preimplantation genetic screening of embryos. Subsequently, she began HRT (hormone replacement Therapy) protocol for ERA cycle from day 2, where she also underwent hysteroscopy on day 7. After five days of progesterone supplementation, she underwent endometrial biopsy for ERA (endometrial receptivity assay). Frozen embryo transfer cycle was started with the same HRT protocol used in her previous ERA cycle. Post embryo transfer, immunotherapy with steroids and fortnightly intralipids was given. Pregnancy test was positive with a BHCG value of 290 mIU/mL. and she delivered naturally after 39 completed weeks of gestation. A stepwise personalized treatment approach maximizes the chances of a successful outcome in presence of both male and female factors. Frozen or fresh sperms for ICSI with PGS along with hysteroscopy, ERA and under cover of immune modulation yielded positive results.
LIVER CIRRHOSIS FROM AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS IN A NIGERIAN WOMAN: A CASE REPORT.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare cause of chronic liver disease (CLD). It presents with varied clinical features from acute hepatitis to CLDs like chronic viral hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease, making it difficult to diagnose in the absence of a high index of suspicion and adequate laboratory support. Autoantibody-mediated hepatocyte injury is the major feature of AIH. We present a 44 year old woman with recurrent jaundice, ascites, splenomegaly, coagulopathy, negative chronic viral hepatitis screening, elevated IgG and positive anti-smooth muscle antibody. The patient responded well to immunosuppressive therapy. This report brings to the fore the need for physicians to maintain a high index of suspicion and thoroughly evaluate all CLD cases of seemingly 'unknown' etiology for AIH in order to prevent progression to end-stageliver- disease, since the disease is highly amenable to immunosuppressive therapy.
Using vertical areas in finite set model predictive control of a three-level inverter aimed at computation reduction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In power electronics applications, finite set model predictive control (FS-MPC) has proven to be a viable strategy. However, due to the high processing power required, using this technology in multilevel converters is difficult. This strategy, which is based on predicting the behavior of the system for all conceivable states, has an issue with a numerous of possible switching states. A recent and useful strategy for dealing with the problem is the limiting of calculations based on triangle regions. Despite its success, this method has several limitations, including the computation required to locate the right triangle and the boundary modes. In this research, the vertical areas are used for the limiting of calculations. Not only determining the right zone is an easy task with this strategy, but the number of possible candidates is also reduced to two. Furthermore, the boundary mode will not occur.In the proposed method, two key advantages can be seen in the discussion of reduction of calculations: (1) new zoning, which eliminates the calculations related to the slope of the lines. (2) The number of options placed in the cost function has been reduced to 2 candidates. Simulations are used to validate the approach, which is applied to a three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter.
Pedagogical Strategies Oriented Towards Development of School Learners’ Positive Interpersonal Relations in Inclusive Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article analyses a social dimension of inclusive education – interpersonal relations of SEN primary learners with other pupils in the class and pedagogical strategies that target at development of school learners’ positive interpersonal relations. The researchers have distinguished four most important aspects of the social dimension in inclusive education (Koster et al., 2009; De Boer, Pijl, & Minnaert, 2010; Bossaert et al., 2013): a) friendship relations between SEN learners and other schoolchildren in the class (mutual friendship links, subgroups of learners linked by friendship); b) social interaction of SEN school children with peers (joint leisure activities, completion of assignments together, joint participation in activities); c) subjective feelings of SEN learners and their belief that they are accepted by other learners in the class; d) acceptance of SEN learners in the class (social preferences of peers and social support). The researchers also single out and indicate the barriers in building up positive relations of SEN learners with other school learners related with the abovementioned aspects: social isolation, loneliness, social exclusion and bullying. The article sets the following objectives: a) to identify peculiarities of development of SEN learners’ positive relations with other learners; b) to single out pedagogical strategies oriented towards development of positive interpersonal relations of SEN learners with other schoolchildren. The article presents the results of the qualitative research. The following aspects of development of such learners’ positive interpersonal relations are revealed: a) natural acceptance of SEN learners’ otherness seeing transformability of their abilities to communicate and learn; b) inclusion of SEN learners into interpersonal communication based on experience of social similarity and tolerance to the diversity. Such processes are encouraged by the teacher’s belief in transformability of SEN learners’ powers and demonstration of this belief in the classroom. Inclusion of SEN learners into interpersonal communication is enhanced by encouragement of social interactions between SEN children and other class learners in the natural school environment: creation of communication rituals, situations, practices and spaces, initiation of acceptance, mediation and assistance to SEN learners.
Preconjugant cell‐cell interaction in the ciliate Euplotes crassus: A possible role of the ciliary ampules

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Euplotes crassus , like other species of Euplotes , possesses organelles commonly known as ampules, which are associated with the roots of cilia and organelles composed of cilia. Ampules of E. crassus greatly increase their functional activity during the cellular interaction which takes place after mixing cells of complementary mating type. Material is rapidly stored in the ampules, starting a few minutes after cell mixing, until a maximum of full ampules is reached in congregated cells which are closely approaching each other. Once the interacting cells have entered the agglutinative stages, the ampules show a dramatic decrease in their contents, so that cells just paired carry very few ampules filled by material. We infer that the material contained in the ampules has an important role in making the mixed cells competent to unite in pairs.
Age-dependent statistical learning trajectories reveal differences in information weighting

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Statistical learning (SL) is the ability to generate predictions based on probabilistic dependencies in the environment, an ability that is present throughout life. The effect of aging on SL is still unclear. Here, we explore statistical learning in healthy adults (40 younger and 40 older). The novel paradigm tracks learning trajectories and shows age-related differences in overall performance, yet similarities in learning rates. Bayesian models reveal further differences between younger and older adults in dealing with uncertainty in this probabilistic SL task. We test computational models of three different learning strategies: (1) Win-Stay, Lose-Shift, (2) Delta Rule Learning, (3) Information Weights to explore whether they capture age-related differences in performance and learning in the present task. A likely candidate mechanism emerges in the form of age-dependent differences in information weights, in which young adults more readily change their behavior, but also show disproportionally strong reactions towards erroneous predictions. With lower but more balanced information weights, older adults show slower behavioral adaptation but eventually arrive at more stable and accurate representations of the underlying transitional probability matrix.
Difference in Molecular Sizes of δ-Aminolevulinate Synthetases in the Soluble and Mitochondrial Fractions of Rat Liver*

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Difference in Molecular Sizes of δ-Aminolevulinate Synthetases in the Soluble and Mitochondrial Fractions of Rat Liver Get access NORIO HAYASHI, NORIO HAYASHI Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of MedicineSendai Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar BINKOH YODA, BINKOH YODA Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of MedicineSendai Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GORO KIKUCHI GORO KIKUCHI Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of MedicineSendai Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 1970, Pages 859–861, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a129319 Published: 01 June 1970 Article history Received: 12 March 1970 Published: 01 June 1970
Molecular Structures of Isomeric Ortho, Meta, and Para Bromo-Substituted α-Methylsulfonyl-α-diethoxyphosphoryl Acetophenones by X-ray and DFT Molecular Orbital Calculations

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The X-ray single crystal analysis of isomeric ortho, meta, and para bromo-substituted α-methylsulfonyl-α-diethoxyphosphoryl acetophenones showed that this class of compound adopts synclinal (gauche) conformations for both [-P(O)(OEt)2] and [-S(O)2Me] groups, with respect to the carbonyl functional group. The phosphonate, sulfonyl, and carbonyl functional groups are joined through an intramolecular network of attractive interactions, as detected by molecular orbital calculations at the M06-2X/6-31G(d,p) level. These interactions are responsible for the more stable conformations in the gas phase, which also persist in the solid-state structures. The main structural distinction in the title compounds relates to the torsion angle of the aryl group (with respect to the carbonyl group), which gives rise to different interactions in the crystal packing, due to the different positions of the Br atom.
Characterization of Vascular Lesions in Pigs Affected by Porcine Circovirus Type 2–Systemic Disease

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Vascular lesions and their association with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were evaluated in multiple organs from 10 pigs affected with PCV2–systemic disease (PCV2-SD). Animals had vascular lesions in multiple organs, consisting of lymphohistiocytic lymphangitis and/or phlebitis, mild to severe necrotizing arteritis, and thrombosis within splenic arterioles and choroid plexus capillaries. Variable amounts of PCV2 nucleic acid detected by in situ hybridization were present within endothelial cells, tunica media myocytes, and perivascular and/or intralesional inflammatory cell infiltrates. PCV2 nucleic acid was detected within endothelial cells of both lymphatic and blood vessels without lesions in the associated tissues. Necrotizing arteritis was principally present in lymph nodes and kidney and consisted of degeneration, necrosis, and pyknosis of myocytes, often with intracytoplasmic, brightly eosinophilic inclusion bodies that were strongly positive for PCV2 nucleic acid. Segmental or circumferential fibrinoid necrosis was mainly present in vessels of the lymph node, spleen, and choroid plexus and was variably associated with PCV2 nucleic acid. Severe lymphangitis associated with strong intralesional PCV2 labeling was frequently detected within the mesenteric and mediastinal lymph nodes and the lamina propria of the ileum. In most tissues, medium and large lymphatics and/or veins often had disruption of the intima and mild mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration that was variably associated with PCV2 nucleic acid. The present study indicates that vasculitis is a frequent finding in natural cases of PCV2-SD and that PCV2 may have a direct cytopathic effect on tunica media myocytes of small- and medium-sized arteries as well as endothelium.
Arginase activity in frog urinary bladder epithelial cells and its involvement in regulation of nitric oxide production

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The activity of arginase converting arginine into ornithine and urea is of particular interest among many factors regulating NO production in the cells. It is known that by competing with NO-synthase for common substrate, arginase can affect the NO synthesis. In the present work, the properties of arginase from the frog Rana temporaria L. urinary bladder epithelial cells possessing the NO-synthase activity were characterized, and possible contribution of arginase to regulation of NO production by epithelial cells was studied. It has been shown that the enzyme had the temperature optimum in the range of 55-60 degrees C, K(m) for arginine 23 mM, and V(max) about 10 nmol urea/mg protein/min, and its activity was effictively inhibited by (S)-(2-boronoethyl)-L-cysteine (BEC), an inhibitor of arginase, at concentrations from 10(-6) to 10(-4) M. The comparison of arginase activity in various frog tissues revealed the following pattern: liver > kidney >> brain > urinary bladder (epithelium) > heart > testis. The arginase activity in the isolated urinary bladder epithelial cells was 3 times higher than that in the intact urinary bladder. To evaluate the role of arginase in the regulation of NO production, epithelial cells were cultivated in the media L-15 or 199 containing different amounts of arginine; the concentration of NO2-, the stable NO metabolite, was determined in the culture fluid after 18-20 h of cells incubation. The vast majority of the produced nitrites are associated with the NOS activity, as L-NAME, the NOS-inhibitor, decreased their accumulation by 77.1% in the L-15 medium and by 80% in 199 medium. BEC (10(-4) M) increased the nitrite production by 18.0 % +/- 2.7 in the L-15 medium and by 24.2 +/- 3.5 in the 199 medium (p < 0.05). The obtained data indicate a relatively high arginase activity in the frog urinary bladder epithelium and its involvement in regulation of NO production by epithelial cells.
Do Families Play a Role in Deciding on Their Own Involvement in Family Centered Rounds?*

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Hofstra/NS-LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York, NY Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Hofstra/NS-LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York, NY *See also p. e93. Dr. Schleien is a board member for Out 2 Play. He has given expert testimony for multiple law firms and receives royalties from LWW; and has stock options in PingMD. The remaining authors have not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest.
Russia’s geographical environment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter adopts a broad, catholic and perhaps even escapist approach, defining Russia's geographical environment as the entire territory. The natural environment touches human development at many points, indeed is part of that development. To talk of peasant environments is to consider the natural environments which confronted most Russians on a day-to-day basis and from which they were obliged to wrest their subsistence. Across the vast East European plain on which most Russians lived there is considerable environmental variation, and the means which peasants employed to ensure their subsistence also varied. The chapter considers peasant ecotypes against the broad background of the major zonal differences which existed in the Russian environment. It talks about Russian territory, which can be divided into four major zones, roughly in the order in which they were encountered by the Russian peasants of the period: mixed forest, boreal forest, tundra, forest-steppe and steppe.