jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Quality Factors and Shelf Life of Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber Scombrus) and Red Mullet (Mullus Barbatus)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The ability of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to extend the shelf life of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and red mullet (Mullus barbatus) was assessed in this study. For that purpose, fillets of both atlantic mackerel and red mullet were subjected to pressure treatments at 200, 300, 400 MPa at 5, 10, 15°C for 5 and 15 minutes. The influence of the treatments on Trimethylamine Nitrogen (TMA-N) level, lipid oxidation stability (Thiobarbituric Acid, TBA level) was investigated as well as color changes. The suitable combinations for Atlantic mackerel were determined as 200 MPa, 15°C for 5 min and 400 MPa, 5°C for 5 min; and for red mullet 200 MPa, 15°C for 5 min. In the second stage, the shelf life of fish samples, which were treated with these conditions and stored at 4°C, were studied by measurement of pH, color, sensorial features (appearance and odor), TMA-N, TBA, Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVB-N), Histamine and Total Mesophilic Aerobic Count (TMAC) formations. Based on these analyses, the unpressurised mackerel samples were acceptable up to only 7 days compared to 17 and 19 days after 200 and 400 MPa treatments; respectively. For red mullet samples pressurization at 200 MPa extended the shelf life an additional 3 days (from 1 week to 10 days). HHP treatment in combination with chilled storage can improve the shelf life and quality of fish.
On weak convergence of Gaussian conditional distributions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Weak convergence of joint distributions generally does not imply convergence of conditional distributions. In particular, conditional distributions need not converge when joint Gaussian distributions converge to a singular Gaussian limit. Algebraically, this is due to the fact that at singular covariance matrices, Schur complements are not continuous functions of the matrix entries. Our results lay out special conditions under which convergence of Gaussian conditional distributions nevertheless occurs, and we exemplify how this allows one to reason about conditional independence in a new class of graphical models.
Broadband Compact and Rugged Antenna Designs for Launcher Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, three designs of broadband compact antennas are presented for their application inside metallic launchers. The first antenna is designed using quarter-wave patch with one edge shorted to ground. To reduce frequency of operation, two more antennas are designed using grooves and slits with increased effective electrical length. Second antenna is designed using curved grooves at edges towards length of antenna and third antenna is designed using slits on the surface of the antenna. The Antennas are fed using N-type connector. The three antennas have 21.6%, 11.9% and 6.85% bandwidth for VSWR ≤ 2 at the center frequency of 1.9, 1.42, and 1.24 GHz respectively. First antenna is fabricated with single block of stainless steel to survive under high shock, vibration and surface temperature of 1000 degree Celsius and its performance is measured.
Novel Biocatalysts Based on Bromelain Immobilized on Functionalized Chitosans and Research on Their Structural Features

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Enzyme immobilization on various carriers represents an effective approach to improve their stability, reusability, and even change their catalytic properties. Here, we show the mechanism of interaction of cysteine protease bromelain with the water-soluble derivatives of chitosan—carboxymethylchitosan, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan, chitosan sulfate, and chitosan acetate—during immobilization and characterize the structural features and catalytic properties of obtained complexes. Chitosan sulfate and carboxymethylchitosan form the highest number of hydrogen bonds with bromelain in comparison with chitosan acetate and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan, leading to a higher yield of protein immobilization on chitosan sulfate and carboxymethylchitosan (up to 58 and 65%, respectively). In addition, all derivatives of chitosan studied in this work form hydrogen bonds with His158 located in the active site of bromelain (except N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan), apparently explaining a significant decrease in the activity of biocatalysts. The N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan displays only physical interactions with His158, thus possibly modulating the structure of the bromelain active site and leading to the hyperactivation of the enzyme, up to 208% of the total activity and 158% of the specific activity. The FTIR analysis revealed that interaction between N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan and bromelain did not significantly change the enzyme structure. Perhaps this is due to the slowing down of aggregation and the autolysis processes during the complex formation of bromelain with a carrier, with a minimal modification of enzyme structure and its active site orientation.
Species of the genus Chrysotimus Loew from China (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) 1 Species of the genus Chrysotimus Loew from China (Diptera, Dolichopodidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The following three species are described as new to science: C. dalongensis sp. n., C. huairouensis sp. n., and C. hubeiensis sp. n., Chrysotimus apicicurvatus Yang, is recorded from Palaearctic China for the first time. A key to the Chinese species of the genus is presented.
Are energy drinks contributing to the obesity epidemic?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The consumption of energy drinks containing sucrose and caffeine is increasing worldwide. Ten healthy women aged 18 to 22 years and fasted overnight were randomly allocated to a standardised dose of sucrose either as an "energy" drink (containing sucrose and caffeine) or lemonade on the first day and then crossed over to the alternative drink on a second day. For thirty minutes before and thirty minutes after drinking oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured in the resting subject breath-by-breath by indirect calorimetry and the rates of carbohydrate and fat oxidation calculated. Energy drink consumption apparently caused increased carbohydrate oxidation (P = 0.004) and reduced lipid oxidation (P = 0.004) compared to lemonade. The longer term effects of combined caffeine and sucrose intake, particularly in sedentary individuals, on metabolism and body fatness needs further examination.
Analysis of Regional Financial Independence and Effectiveness in North Buton District

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This research aims to determine and analyze the regional financial independence and effectiveness of North Buton Regency. This research was quantitative. The technique of data collection in this research used secondary data by collecting a summary report on changes to the North Buton Regency Government's Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD). The data analysis technique used a descriptive approach. The research results showed that the North Buton Regency Government was aware that it was still dependent on receiving transfer funds from the central government such as the General Allocation Fund and Special Allocation Fund so that it was hoped that it could maximize the potential for local revenue from the regional tax and levy sector to finance regional expenditure, especially capital expenditure, as evidenced by effectiveness analysis results based on APBD data from 2016 to 2020
Honeys biological origin by GC-IMS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

GC-IMS data set of authentic honeys from 3 biological origins: canola, acacia and honeydew. The files are in native .mea format and can e.g. be analyzed by our open source toolbox gc-ims-tools. An exemplary workflow can be found here: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111779
Fasting and Diabetes: An Interventional Approach to Enhance Knowledge and Self-Care during Ramadan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of educational interventions on the knowledge and self-care practices of diabetes patients who fast during Ramadan. People diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were selected from outpatient clinic at Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital. Educational intervention was delivered before and during Ramadan. Disease knowledge and self-care practices were assessed by using Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire and Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to analyse the changes before and after educational intervention. Results. There were 186 diabetes patients involved in this study with average age of 59.77 ± 9.64 years, body mass index was overweight at 24.78 ± 3.62 kg/m2 and poor HbA1c at 9.21 ± 2.62 %. The DKQ scores spotted a substantial improvement, with a vast majority (92.47%) achieving the good knowledge category compared to the previous percentage of 30.65%. There was also a significant change in DMSQ scores before and after the educational intervention. Pre-intervention, 83.87% of DMSQ scores were optimal self-care practice, while 16.13% were suboptimal. After intervention, it changed significantly, with 94.08% of those characterized as having optimal self-care habits. Three items of DMSQ subscales showed significant changes which were eating behavior (p 0.046), medication taking (p 0.001), and glucose monitoring (p 0.001). Conclusion. The study suggests that the educational intervention effectively improved both the knowledge and self-care practices of diabetes patients, as evidenced by the significant positive changes in knowledge and self-practice scores. This implies the potential for such interventions to contribute positively to the management and overall well-being of individuals with diabetes.
Community-based intervention for the prevention of stunting in children age 6-59 months

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Stunting is still a primary nutritional problem in many parts of the world. Globally, WHO (2021) has stated that 22% of children under five years are stunted, equalling an estimated 149.2 million children, most of whom are found in Asia and Africa. Many factors cause stunting, so the government needs a multisectoral approach to overcome this problem. In addition, because stunting is prevalent across vast areas, community-based interventions can save time and handling costs. This study was conducted with the aim of finding evidence of community-based interventions in the management of stunting in children aged 6-59 months. The study employed systematic review methods using the databases Pubmed, Ebsco, ProQuest, Emerald, Scopus and Google Scholar. 7 articles were identified from a total of 1191 articles through analysis using the PICO approach. The analysis showed that community-based interventions have taken place employing education, training, dietary supplements, and monitoring growth and development. The findings show evidence of interventions overcoming the problem of stunting in children aged 6-59 months.
The effect of delayed feedback on the dynamics of an autocatalysis reaction–diffusion system

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with an arbitrary-order autocatalysis model with delayed feedback subject to Neumann boundary conditions. We perform a detailed analysis about the effect of the delayed feedback on the stability of the positive equilibrium of the system. By analyzing the distribution of eigenvalues, the existence of Hopf bifurcation is obtained. Then we derive an algorithm for determining the direction and stability of the bifurcation by computing the normal form on the center manifold. Moreover, some numerical simulations are given to illustrate the analytical results. Our studies show that the delayed feedback not only breaks the stability of the positive equilibrium of the system and results in the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation, but also breaks the stability of the spatial inhomogeneous periodic solutions. In addition, the delayed feedback also makes the unstable equilibrium become stable under certain conditions.
THE CRITICAL ROLE OF THE MELANOCORTIN SYSTEM IN THE CONTROL OF ENERGY BALANCE

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

▪ Abstract Animals have developed highly adaptive and redundant mechanisms to maintain energy balance by matching caloric intake to caloric expenditure. Recent evidence has pointed to a variety of peripheral signals that inform specific central nervous system (CNS) circuits about the status of peripheral energy stores as critical to the maintenance of energy balance. A critical component of these CNS circuits is the melanocortin system. Regulation of signaling by melanocortin 3 and melanocortin 4 receptors in the CNS is controlled via neuronal cell bodies in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus that synthesize melanocortin receptor agonists such as alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) or antagonists such as agouti-related protein (AgRP). The activity of these two populations of neurons is reciprocally regulated by a number of peripheral and central systems that influence energy balance. Further, increased melanocortin signaling via pharmacological or genetic means in the CNS causes potent reductions in food intake and weight loss. Decreased melanocortin signaling via pharmacological or genetic means results in increased food intake and weight gain. Reviewed here is the wide range of evidence that points to the melanocortin system as a critical node in the diverse neurocircuitry that regulates food intake and body weight.
Internalization of mRNA Lipoplexes by Dendritic Cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Lipoplexes, composed of Lipofectamine and mRNA encoding HIV Gag protein, were shown to be internalized by dendritic cells (DCs) and promote antigen presentation to stimulate HIV-specific T cell responses. Using confocal microscopy, we showed that one-third of fluorescently labeled mRNA containing lipoplexes are colocalized with late endosomes. We further investigated the effect of inhibitors, blocking phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, and clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, on both the internalization of the lipoplexes by DCs and the transfection efficiency. We observed that chloropromazine had no effect on the cellular uptake or transfection efficiency, excluding the involvement of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Cytochalasin D, inhibiting macropinocytosis and phagocystosis, strongly reduced internalization (50%) of the lipoplexes as well as protein expression (70%). Amiloride, which should specifically block macropinocytosis, induced only a modest reduction of uptake and transfection. Genistein and dynasore induced a strong reduction of on the level of protein expression (>70%), but not the overall uptake. Our results indicate that transfection-effective mRNA lipoplex internalization by DCs, i.e., uptake that results in protein expression, preferentially proceeds by macropinocytosis and/or phagocytosis.
Improved Interpolation of Evanescent Plane Waves for Fast Multipole Methods

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

One way to implement a low-frequency or broadband fast multipole method is to use the spectral representation, or inhomogeneous plane-wave expansion, of the Green's function. To signiflcantly improve the error-controllability of the method, we propose a new interpolation and anterpolation scheme for the evanescent part. DOI: 10.2529/PIERS060907051636 The fast multipole method (FMM) can be used to accelerate the iterative solution of integral equations in electromagnetics and acoustics. In particular, the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) by Chew etal., is very e-cient for solving large scale electromagnetic scattering prob- lems (1). However, the dynamic FMM and MLFMA are based on a plane-wave expansion of the Green's function that is not error-controllable in the sub-wavelength scale. To implement a sta- ble FMM in the sub-wavelength scale, there is basically two difierent approaches: either based multipole-series (2{4); or based on a low-frequency stable inhomogeneous plane-wave expansion of the Green's function (5{8). The spectral representation of the Green's function,
Real-time electronic interpretation of digital chest images using artificial intelligence in emergency department patients suspected of pneumonia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Chest imaging is required for diagnosis and treatment of emergency department (ED) patients with pneumonia. However, radiologist interpretations are often delayed and don't identify key findings needed by clinicians. Natural language processing (NLP) of radiology reports caused frequent errors within our electronic clinical decision support tool (ePNa;Dean JAMA IM 2013). We hypothesized that real-time electronic interpretation of digital chest images using artificial intelligence would overcome these limitations. Methods: A deep learning algorithm developed using 188,000 chest studies from Stanford (CheXpert; Irvin AAAI 2019) was fine-tuned on 7,000 and validated on 352 Utah ED chest images. The comparator was studies interpreted by practicing radiologists categorized by 3 clinicians as likely/possible/unlikely for pneumonia and other elements. Simple agreement between clinicians was only 0.85 to 0.9, illustrating the limitations of radiologist reports. Results: Study population of the validation set was 54.8% female, median age 57.0 +/- SD 19.7; 39.2% had pneumonia. Algorithm area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for radiographic pneumonia was 0.90, multi-lobar 0.79, pleural effusion 0.88. NLP of radiology reports performed similarly, with sensitivity and specificity for pneumonia (0.91, 0.64), multi-lobar (0.85, 0.59), and effusion (0.64, 0.93) lying on or near the corresponding model ROC curves. Conclusion: CheXpert image interpretation showed good correlation with categorized radiology reports in ED patients suspected of pneumonia, and will likely improve both ED pneumonia care and ePNa performance.
Mining phase evolution for hot topics: A case study from multiple social media platforms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Monitoring the evolution phases of real-time event including occurrence, development, climax, decline and ending is crucial for management department to intuitively and comprehensively understand the event and then make better decisions. However, there have been very few studies on performing phase evolution analysis of event using the number of posts at the specific time unit. The challenge of this problem is how to identify temporal pattern and mine topic of different phases automatically. In this paper, we propose a unified phase evolution mining model, it firstly identifies the temporal patterns of phases based on k-means and empirical rules, then, burst detection algorithm is adopted to discover peak interval of all phases, finally, we use a summarization technique TextRank to extract keywords from contents to summarize the topics in each phase. In addition, we perform experiments on two real-world datasets collected from different social media platform to understand the event evolution in a more comprehensive way. Experimental results show the characteristics of event evolution on different social media platforms and verify the efficacy of the proposed model.
Self-Consumption Indices Evaluation for a Residential Load Profile

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

With the increase interest in the use of energy from renewable sources, the trend of using photovoltaic sources has become higher, due to the advantages that this technology offers. Their use on a larger scale in the residential sector is increasingly encouraged, with more and more people trying to reduce the level of global pollution by using them. For grid connected systems, the most important indices referred to is that of self-consumption. This indicates the level of energy exchange between the network and the photovoltaic system, the lower this index means that the efficiency of energy use produced in photovoltaic mode is high. This paper presents an analysis of the self-consumption indices of a residential profile.
Targeting Amyloid with Tramiprosate in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer Disease

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Tramiprosate (3-amino-1-propanesulfonic acid, 3APS, ALZHEMED™) is an investigational product candidate that is believed to reduce amyloid deposition in the brain by binding to soluble Aβ, thereby slowing or halting the progression of Alzheimer Disease (AD). Design and Methods: We assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of tramiprosate in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase II study in which 58 subjects with mild-to-moderate AD were randomly assigned to receive placebo or tramiprosate 50, 100, or 150mg BID for 3 months. At the end of the double-blind study, 42 of these patients entered an open-label extension study in which they received tramiprosate 150mg BID for an additional 17 months. Assessments included plasma and CSF tramiprosate concentrations, CSF Aβ42 concentrations, and psychometric tests (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale–Sum of Boxes). Results: Tramiprosate had no significant impact on vital signs or laboratory test values. The most frequent side effects were nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which were intermittent and mild-to-moderate in severity. Overall, six tramiprosate-treated patients discontinued because of side effects (all causalities) and there were no drug-related serious adverse events. Tramiprosate crossed the blood–brain barrier and dose-dependently reduced CSF Aβ42 levels after 3 months of treatment. There were no psychometric score differences between treatment groups after 3 months of double-blind treatment. However, psychometric score changes over the 17-month open-label extension study are consistent with a slowing of cognitive and clinical decline, particularly in mild subjects.
Electron-phonon cooling power in Anderson insulators

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

First microscopic theory for electron-phonon energy exchange in Anderson insulators is developed. The major contribution to the cooling power as a function of electron temperature is shown to be directly related to the correlation function of the local density of electron states at small energy difference argument. In Anderson insulators not far from localization transition, this correlation function is strongly enhanced by wave-function's multi-fractality and, additionally, by the presence of Mott's resonant pairs of localized states. The theory we develop explains huge enhancement of the cooling power observed in insulating Indium Oxide films as compared to predictions of the theory previously developed for disordered metals. Our results open the way to predict the conditions appropriate for the observation of Many Body Localization transition those presence in electronic insulators was advocated in the seminal paper by Basko, Aleiner and Altshuler (2006) but have not been convincingly demonstrated yet.