jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dissecting the fibrillin microfibril: structural insights into organization and function.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Force-bearing tissues such as blood vessels, lungs, and ligaments depend on the properties of elasticity and flexibility. The 10 to 12 nm diameter fibrillin microfibrils play vital roles in maintaining the structural integrity of these highly dynamic tissues and in regulating extracellular growth factors. In humans, defective microfibril function results in several diseases affecting the skin, cardiovascular, skeletal, and ocular systems. Despite the discovery of fibrillin-1 having occurred more than two decades ago, the structure and organization of fibrillin monomers within the microfibrils are still controversial. Recent structural data have revealed strategies by which fibrillin is able to maintain its architecture in dynamic tissues without compromising its ability to interact with itself and other cell matrix components. This review summarizes our current knowledge of microfibril structure, from individual fibrillin domains and the calcium-dependent tuning of pairwise interdomain interactions to microfibril dynamics, and how this relates to microfibril function in health and disease.
Flexural Strengthening of Two-Way RC Slabs with Textile-Reinforced Mortar: Experimental Investigation and Design Equations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The application of textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) as a means of increasing the flexural capacity of two-way reinforced concrete (RC) slabs is experimentally investigated in this study. The parameters examined include the number of TRM layers, the strengthening configuration, the textile fibers material (carbon versus glass), and the role of initial cracking in the slab. For this purpose six large-scale RC slabs were built and tested to failure under monotonic loading distributed at four points. It is concluded that TRM increases substantially the precracking stiffness, the cracking load, the postcracking stiffness, and eventually the flexural capacity of two-way RC slabs, whereas the strengthening configuration plays an important role in the effectiveness of the technique. Simple design equations that provide good estimation of the experimental flexural moment of resistance are proposed.
Evaluation of drops dimensions and rheological properties in production of multiple emulsion in a vessel

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The structure and size of droplets of the inner phase of a multiple emulsion and rheological properties of the produced multiple emulsion are presented in this paper. The multiple emulsion was produced in a stirred vessel equipped with four baffles. In the study, two different stirrers: turbine impeller and Rushton turbine impeller were used. The liquids used in the produced multiple emulsion were: distilled water and refined sunflower oil. 8 g and 16 g lecithin from soya beans were used as an emulsifier. The preparation time was respectively 15 min. and 45 min. The structure of the obtained emulsions is presented in the form of photos taken with the diagnostic inverted microscope. The results size of droplets were presented in the form of graphics as a distribution of drops. The rheological properties of the multiple emulsion were presented graphically and it was described using the rheological model.
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SCHUYKILL EXPRESSWAY. SESSION 18

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Following traditional transportation planning techniques, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation and its consultant team have planned the must extensive expressway rehabilitation process ever undertaken in Pennsylvania. The Schuylkill Expressway is critical to the Philadelphia region. There is no doubt that the impacts caused by the project will be severe but there is no choice. In the final analysis, the success of the project will be judged by our ability to minimize the disruptive impacts to the region and be responsive to its needs both during the planning process and, most importantly during construction. (Author)
Designing Wearable Augmented Reality Concepts to Support Scalability in Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wearable augmented reality (AR) offers new ways for supporting the interaction between autonomous vehicles (AVs) and pedestrians due to its ability to integrate timely and contextually relevant data into the user's field of view. This article presents novel wearable AR concepts that assist crossing pedestrians in multi-vehicle scenarios where several AVs frequent the road from both directions. Three concepts with different communication approaches for signaling responses from multiple AVs to a crossing request, as well as a conventional pedestrian push button, were simulated and tested within a virtual reality environment. The results showed that wearable AR is a promising way to reduce crossing pedestrians' cognitive load when the design offers both individual AV responses and a clear signal to cross. The willingness of pedestrians to adopt a wearable AR solution, however, is subject to different factors, including costs, data privacy, technical defects, liability risks, maintenance duties, and form factors. We further found that all participants favored sending a crossing request to AVs rather than waiting for the vehicles to detect their intentions—pointing to an important gap and opportunity in the current AV-pedestrian interaction literature.
Volatility of Price Indices for Heterogeneous Goods with Applications to the Fine Art Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Price indices for heterogeneous goods such as real estate or fine art constitute crucial information for institutional or private investors considering alternative investment decisions in times of financial markets turmoil. Classical mean‐variance analysis of alternative investments has been hampered by the lack of a systematic treatment of volatility in these markets. In this paper we propose a hedonic regression framework which explicitly defines an underlying stochastic process for the price index, allowing to treat the volatility parameter as the object of interest. The model can be estimated using maximum likelihood in combination with the Kalman filter. We derive theoretical properties of the volatility estimator and show that it outperforms the standard estimator. We show that extensions to allow for time‐varying volatility are straightforward using a local‐likelihood approach. In an application to a large data set of international blue chip artists, we show that volatility of the art market, although generally lower than that of financial markets, has risen after the financial crisis of 2008–09, but sharply decreased during the recent debt crisis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss of HAS2 Confers Acquired Antiestrogen Resistance By Upregulating Ezrin Expression In ER-Positive Breast Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Resistance to endocrine therapy is a major challenge for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: Loss of hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2) in adaptive resistant cells to tamoxifen and fulvestrant was observed by immunblotting assay. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to knock out Has2 in MCF7 cells to verify the effect of Has2 on the expression of ER and Ezrin and Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling routes. We utilized an Ezrin small-interfering RNA and Ezrin inhibitor to inhibit Ezrin expression for evaluating Has2 and ERα expression and the Akt/MAPK signaling cascade upon tamoxifen or fulvestrant treatment.Results: In this work, we showed that a Has2-loss state was acquired from adaptive resistance to tamoxifen and fulvestrant in luminal BrCas. Notably, the adapted loss of Has2 induced acquired resistance to antiestrogens in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells through up-regulating the expression of Ezrin. Furthermore, we found that the loss of Has2 promoted while the consequent increase of Ezrin inhibited ERα expression/activity through the Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling routes, indicating an opposite effect on ERα expression during the development of antiestrogens-resistance. Inhibition of Ezrin reversed Has2 and ERα expression and the Akt/MAPK signaling cascade upon tamoxifen or fulvestrant, suggesting a Has2-Ezrin-ER negative-feedback loop in governing cellular sensitivity to tamoxifen or fulvestrant in luminal-like breast cancer cells. Finally, Knockdown or inhibition of Ezrin restored sensitivity to antiestrogens, implying that Ezrin could be a potential therapeutic target to tackle endocrine resistance. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings provide a direct relationship between ERα and Has2 implicated in resistance to endocrine therapy and a new insight into how ERα-signaling is regulated upon antiestrogens treatment, suggesting a novel therapeutic target for ER-positive breast cancer.
Exclusionary Risks on the Transitional Labour Market

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The emergent transitional labour market offers new opportunities to workers, while increasing the risk of social exclusion at the same time. This article deals with exclusionary risks on the transitional labour market in the Netherlands. We try to find out whether immigrants bear higher risks than Dutch natives, possibly as a consequence of having fewer transition skills. The data used are from the Sociale Positie en Voorzieningengebruik Allochtonen (‘Social Position and Use of Public Utilities by Migrants’, SPVA) survey for the years 1998 and 2002. Since the analysis of transitions is hindered by lack of panel data, particularly on immigrants, we estimate hazard rate models that take the individuals' labour market history into account. As we do not have direct information on workers' transition skills, we use a decomposition method to control for differences in individual labour market characteristics. The main result of the analyses is that unequal risks exist, but to a different degree for various immigrant groups and with variations per transition type. Transition skills seem less important than human capital characteristics.
"…As Soon as She Stepped off the Plane": Understanding and Managing Migration, Chronic Illness, and Poverty in Albuquerque, New Mexico

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper addresses immigration and diabetes treatment management through exploration of the experience of a Cuban immigrant household's negotiations with providers and clinics around a grandmother's type 2 diabetes treatment. (Mis)understandings and (mis)communications around blood draws, dietary modifications, and medicines illustrate the differences between provider and family perceptions of compliance. Specifically, this ethnographic study of family centered chronic disease management illustrates that, in the context of resettlement in an unwelcoming environment, language barriers, lack of clinical coordination, and differential meanings combine to decrease effective management and to increase stress levels within the family about management. In addition, this study illustrates the embedded nature of illness and its management in the broader circumstances of individual's lives, with factors such as work schedules, children's needs, responsibilities to family left in the home country, and neighborho...
Influence of Different Organic Manures on Wheat Productivity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Manures are significant organic source of plant nutrients. Farmer’s awareness is increasing towards organic farming due to high cost of synthetic fertilizers and nutrient composition in Wheat grain all over the world. A spring wheat cultivar was used in an experiment. In this experiment five organic manures were used; green manure (GM), farm yard manure (FYM), poultry litter (PL), press mud (PM) and sewage sludge (SS). Each manure was used at the rate of (@) 10 ton per hectare ( t ha -1 ). Six different treatments were made with different combination of these manures along with one treatment having recommended dose of NPK (150, 115, 60 kg ha -1 NPK, respectively) and one control treatment with no fertilizer at all. The results indicated that the combination of GM+PL+SS each @ of 10 t ha -1 gave maximum economic yield (3.65 t ha -1 ), which was 137% more from control. PL and SS each @ 10 t ha -1 followed by green manuring should be used as organic manure in wheat crop. © 2011 Friends Science Publishers
Design of Home Power Energy Management System Using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) Based on Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) Dynamic Pricing

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Indonesia's electricity consumption has grown at an average of 4.2% per year over the past 15 years. This causes several problems such as environmental pollution and depletion of fossil energy sources. In order to overcome these problems, one of the things that can be done is saving electricity consumption. In this paper, home power management system (HPMS) application is developed with the goal for saving electricity consumption in order to minimize the daily operation cost. The HPMS system consists of smart electrical appliances, power units (grid and photovoltaic systems with energy storage), main controllers, web applications and communication networks. At the beginning of the day, the main controller will collect electricity equipment operation schedules and electricity prices from the grid and PV. Moreover, MILP, which is formulated with the operating constraints for electrical equipment, electricity prices (obtained from ELM predictions), and power resources, is used for solving the problem and will recommend the schedule of electricity resources with the most optimal costs for consumers. The simulation has been successfully tested with the results that HPMS can reduce electricity costs by more than 30%.
Concerning the Nature of Psychoanalysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In his new book, Considering the Nature of Psychoanalysis: The Persistence of a Paradoxical Discourse, Gregorio Kohon describes the complexity of the psychoanalytic encounter, questioning the misguided attempts to simplify and/or reduce it to either art or science. Kohon disputes the contemporary use of parameters offered by evidence-based medicine as a research model to study psychoanalysis. Instead, he proposes to reconsider the relevance of the psychoanalytic single case study, its importance and pre-eminence. The present book will be of great interest to all psychotherapists, councillors, psychiatrists, mental health workers and students and academics of the social sciences.
Backward Trajectory and Multifractal Analysis of Air Pollution in Zhengzhou Region of China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

With the continuous promotion of industrialization and urbanization, China's environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious, which has caused considerable damage to the natural balance. Air pollution seriously harms people's physical and mental health, the ecological environment, and the social sustainable development of society. In this study, the backward trajectory model and multifractal methods were adopted to analyze air pollution in Zhengzhou. The backward trajectory analysis showed that most clusters of air pollution were from southern Hebei, eastern Shandong, and mid-western Henan, which were then transported to Zhengzhou. For the PSCF and CWT analyses, we selected four representative cities to explore how close the air pollution of Zhengzhou is to other areas on the basis of air polluted concentration. The results of several multifractal methods indicated that multifractality existed in the AQI time series of Zhengzhou and cross-correlations between Zhengzhou and each of the four cities. The widths of multifractal spectra showed that the air pollution in Zhengzhou was closest to that in Jinan, followed by Shijiazhuang, Zibo, and Luoyang. The CDFA analysis showed that carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and inhalable particulate matter (PM10) had important influences on air pollution in Zhengzhou. These findings offer a useful reference for air pollution sources and their potential contributions in Zhengzhou, which can support policy makers in environmental governance and in achieving sustainable urban development.
The Rise of Participatory Governance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses the evolution of scholarly thought on PG and different methods for measuring its possible effects. The literature on participation generally posits the following causal chain: participation bolsters civil society which in turn strengthens democracy. The literature is very well developed regarding the second causal link in this chain (civil society → democracy). There is virtual agreement today following de Tocqueville, that strong civil society contributes to transitions to democracy (Collier 1999; Foweraker and Landman 1997; Linz and Stepan 1996a; O'Donnell and Schmitter 1993), to democratic consolidation (Forment 2003; Merkel 2004; Whitehead 1999), and to the quality of democracy (O'Donnell et al. 2004).
Optimization of the directivity of sum and shaped patterns using circular Taylor and Ludwig distributions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The use of Taylor and Ludwig circular distributions are two useful approaches to the synthesis of sum and shaped patterns using planar arrays with circular boundaries. The excitations of the discrete arrays are determined by conventional sampling of these continuous distributions. These two techniques use a transition parameter (n̅) that controls the number of nulls manipulated in order to afford a specific side lobe level for the n̅ −1 innermost lobes whereas the remaining lobes decay as u #x2212;3 2 for Taylor and u −5/2 for Ludwig.
Selecting the past: The relationship between archives, memory and history investigated through NIOD’s war diary collection (1944 – 2010)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Three days after the liberation of the Netherlands from Nazi Germany, the Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie (RIOD) was founded. This institute (nowadays known as NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies) was created to produce an official history of the Netherlands during World War II. Immediately after its foundation, employees started raising awareness that they were creating a war diary collection and they used radio messages, posters, flyers and personal letters to ask people to send diaries that they had written during the war to the institute. Hundreds of diaries were acquired by RIOD between 1945 and 1955, but these were not all included in the archival collection and sometimes sent back to the authors instead. \n \nA selection of NIOD's diary collection was digitized between 2007 and 2010 in a state-led subsidy programme entitled Erfgoed van de Oorlog (Heritage of the War) and the documented experiences of hundreds of people can now be found online. Who was in charge of the selection of the diaries back in 1945 and who decided which diaries were digitized during Erfgoed van de Oorlog? Have the acquisition criteria changed over the years at NIOD, and if so, why? This thesis maps the process in which war diaries were obtained by RIOD, selected or rejected by employees of the institute for the archive, used for scholarly research in the Netherlands and selected or rejected for digitisation. By investigating how NIOD’s war diary collection was created and how these diaries influenced historical studies on World War II in the Netherlands, I aim to clarify the relationship between archives, history and memory. Can archivists be seen as key players in creating or distributing collective memory?
Y-site stability of fosphenytoin and sodium phenobarbital.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fosphenytoin and sodium phenobarbital in 0.9% sodium chloride injection were analyzed in a simulated Y-site admixture. Each drug was analyzed for stability by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) from three simulated Y-site samples over an eight-hour period. The HPLC assay results indicate that both fosphenytoin and sodium phenobarbital are stable together at a Y site over an eight-hour period. In addition, there was no change in sample clarity or pH over the same period. The results indicate that, when medically necessary, fosphenytoin and sodium phenobarbital in 0.9% sodium chloride injection can be administered via the same intravenous line.
Broadband Double Layer Metamaterial Circular Polarizer Based on H-Spiral Structure

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

A broadband double layer metamaterial circular polarizer using H-type spiral structure is proposed. The metamaterial structure consists of 784 unit cells arranged in a 28 x28 layout. Each unit cell is composed of H-spiral structure which are twisted by an angle of ± 45o. The right handed circular polarization (RHCP) and left handed circular polarization (LHCP) with high transmission circular polarization are achieved at 27.95GHz-29.95GHz, 31.04GHz-34.31GHz, 35.26GHz-35.96GHz, 38.08GHz-38.58GHz, 39.46GHz-39.60GHz, and 29.96GHz-31.03GHz, 34.32GHz-35.25GHz, 38.59GHz-39.45GHz, respectively. In addition, the broadband axial ratio bandwidth of 5.0%, 2.67%, 8.17%, 2.32%, 1.75%, 1.25%, 2.15%, and 0.35% is achieved across the 20–40 GHz range. The prototype model is fabricated and measured for the validation of simulated results. The simulated and measured results reveal that the metamaterial structure have efficient performance, in terms of Axial Ratio, broadband, transmission loss and circular dichroism for advanced polarization conversion applications. The overall calculated axial ratio bandwidth of 23.66% is extracted across the 20–40 GHz.
Stock Price Modeling: Separation of Trend and Fluctuations, and Implications

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A series of stock prices typically shows a large trend and smaller fluctuations. These two parts are often studied together, as if parts of a single process; but they appear to be separately caused. In this paper, the two parts are analyzed separately, so that one does not distort the other, and some spurious interaction terms are avoided. This contributes a model, in which a wide range of features of stock price behavior are identified. With logarithms of stock prices, the two parts become of more comparable size. This is found to lead to a simpler additive model. On a logarithmic scale, the stock prices show the trend as a straight line (which can be extrapolated), with added fluctuations filling a narrow band. The trend and fluctuations are thus separated. The trend appears to be largely generated by a positive feedback process, describing investor behavior. The width of the fluctuation band does not grow with time, so positive feedback is not its cause. The movement of stock prices can be understood by analyzing the trend and fluctuations as separate processes; the latter considered as a stationary stochastic process with a scale factor. This analysis is applied to a historical dataset [Formula: see text] index of daily prices from February 1928). Here, the fluctuations are autocorrelated over short time intervals; there is little structure, except for market crash periods, when variability increases. The slope of the trend showed some jumps, not predictable from price history. This approach to modeling describes many aspects of stock price behavior, which are usually discussed in behavioral finance.