jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Applications of Order Reduction Methods in Nonlinear Dynamic Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Two different order reduction methods of the deterministic and stochastic systems are discussed in this paper. First, the transient proper orthogonal decomposition (T-POD) method is introduced based on the high-dimensional nonlinear dynamic system. The optimal order reduction conditions of the T-POD method are provided by analyzing the rotor-bearing system with pedestal looseness fault at both ends. The efficiency of the T-POD method is verified via comparing with the results of the original system. Second, the polynomial dimensional decomposition (PDD) method is applied to the 2 DOFs spring system considering the uncertain stiffness to study the amplitude-frequency response. The numerical results obtained by the PDD method agree well with the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. The results of the PDD method can approximate to MCS better with the increasing of the polynomial order. Meanwhile, the Uniform-Legendre polynomials can eliminate perturbation of the PDD method to a certain extent via comparing it with the Gaussian-Hermite polynomials.
Clinical study of keratoconus in central Kentucky.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Keratoconus is an ectatic corneal disorder that results in a central or inferior conelike anterior protrusion. This results in irregular myopic astigmatism, causing considerable visual impairment. We have completed a retrospective clinical study of keratoconus in the central Kentucky area. When compared to other national studies of keratoconus, our study patients generally had more severe disease at the time of diagnosis and had a higher rate of keratoplasty. Keratoconus treatment is highly successful, and early diagnosis is warranted to prevent unnecessary visual loss.
Coastal zone planning: a geophysical classification of inlets to define ecological representation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Selection of candidate sites for designation as Marine Protected Areas in coastal waters still involves many arbitrary choices. Analysis of candidate sites, according to a combination of geophysical and ecological criteria, can lead to the recognition of representative coastal areas, and can potentially reduce the arbitrary nature of these decisions. In coastal areas, estuaries have long been classified according to their geophysical properties. Bays and coves are at least as diverse in character, yet existing classifications are dependent largely upon description of the benthic communities themselves and take little advantage of existing hydrographic and digital information. The classification of coastal inlets proposed here differs significantly from others previously published. It is based on a fully quantified description and analysis of the basic geomorphological and hydrographic features of the coastal environment, and is designed to represent specific community types including α‐diversity and β‐diversity patterns. The classification, which should be globally applicable, was first applied to Nova Scotia's Atlantic shoreline where inlets fall into 11 recognizable types that are related to selected biological community types. Of these inlet types, only one is sufficiently protected, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature's conservation target of at least 10%. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure to Occupational Hazards and Musculoskeletal Pains in the Construction Workers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: This study aims to systematically analyze the factors influencing subjective musculoskeletal pains by comprehensively considering the exposure duration of physical, biochemical, and ergonomic hazards among construction workers. BRBRBackground: Construction workers are exposed to a variety of hazard factors, including not only chemical and biological hazards but also physical and ergonomic hazards.BRBRMethod: The study analyzed survey data of 910 construction workers in South Korea from the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) using binary logistic regression analysis, with worker characteristics and levels of exposure to hazard factors as independent variables and musculoskeletal pains, specifically back pain, upper limb pain, and lower limb pain as dependent variables.BRBRResults: The prevalence of upper limb pain complaints among workers was high at 43.5%, followed by 34.5% for back pain and 22.3% for lower limb pain. According to the results of binary logistic regression analysis, the worker characteristics influencing musculoskeletal pains were age, temporary employment status, and weekly working hours. Temporary employment status had an impact on all types of musculoskeletal pains, while increasing age was a factor for both back pain and upper limb pain. On the other hand, lower limb pain was influenced by weekly working hours. As for the hazard factors, exposure to ergonomic hazards such as manual heavy loads handling, awkward posture, and repetitive motion were found to affect the musculoskeletal pains. And among physical hazards, exposure to vibrations was identified as an influencing factor. The exposure to manual heavy loads handling affected all types of musculoskeletal pains, while the exposure to awkward posture affected back pain and lower limb pain. The exposure to repetitive motion affected lower limb pain and upper limb pain. In contrast, the exposure to vibration was associated with upper limb pain.BRBRConclusion: Musculoskeletal pains among construction workers were influenced by ergonomic hazards such as exposures to manual heavy loads handling, awkward posture, and repetitive motion. Additionally, exposure to vibrations was found to affect upper limb pain.BRBRApplication: This study can be applied to derive preventive policies by identifying the factors on musculoskeletal pains among construction workers through comprehensive consideration of hazard factors.
Pupinidius gregorii Moellendorff 1901

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

3. Pupinidius gregorii (Moellendorff, 1901) Figs 1, 2 E–F, Buliminus (Pupinidius) gregorii Moellendorff, 1901: 345, pl. 14, figs 9, 10; Kobelt, 1902: 849, pl. 121, figs 9, 10. Pupinidius gregorii Yen, 1939: 84, pl. 7, fig. 52. Material examined. SMF-42003: Lectotype. Ho-dshi-kou b. Mu-Kua-tshi (unrecognized locality name. However this locality is close to some place between Wenxian of Gansu and Nanping of Sichuan), Szechwan, China. Slg. O.v.Moellendorff. SMF-42004: Paratypes. 2 fmss. Ho-dsi-kou b. Mu-kua-tshi, Szechwan, China. Distribution. Sichuan (type locality). Type locality. Ho-dshi-kou b. Mu-Kua-tshi (Sichuan). Diagnosis. Shell with one band; not striate. Aperture indistinctly with angular tubercle. Most swollen part at body whorl and/or penultimate whorl(s). With 7.735–7.750 whorls; height 19.9–21.3, diam. maj. 11.2–11.5. Re-description of shell. Elongate conic. Apex protruded. Most swollen part at body whorl and/or penultimate whorl(s). Dextral; more or less thin; solid; opaque; glossy; not speckled; not spirally grooved (except very weakly present near umbilical region, in type specimens); with 7.375–7.542–7.750 whorls. Whorls not shouldered; flattened. Growth lines usually not very clear. Embryonic shell smooth; polished; with 1.500–1.625–1.750 whorls. Postnuclear whorls smooth. Suture normal, without narrow defined zone on beneath whorl. Last whorl gradually ascending towards aperture; rounded at periphery; without smoothed spiral peripheral depression nor rugate region. Shell 19.9–20.8–21.3 high; 11.2–11.3– 11.5 in diam. maj. Height/width ratio 1.78–1.83–1.89. Aperture in a plane; completely attached to body whorl; ovate; not adnate (but insertions of peristome close to each other); somewhat oblique; not armed; indistinctly with angular tubercle; 8.6–9.5–10.6 high; 7.5–7.7–8.1 wide. Ratio of shell height to aperture height 1.98–2.20–2.32. Peristome reflexed with distinct cuff. Cuff made by reflexed peristome straight and not curved backward. Peristome expanded; sharp. Parietal callus distinct, or indistinct. Columellar margin reflexed. Columella vertical, or slightly oblique abaxially. Outer edge of columellar lip vertical. Umbilicus with very narrow opening. Apical whorls differently tinted. Shell multicoloured in chestnut with a broad white spiral band just above suture, umbilicus region chestnut.
Sufficient Conditions for Asymptotic Stability of Linear Autonomous Impulsive Systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper studies the asymptotic stability of the linear impulsive system with constant coefficients x = Ax, x(t + k ) = Cx(t k ).It proves that, if i(s, t), the counting function of impulsive times on the interval (s, t), satisfies |i(s, t) -p(t -s)| ≤ K, where p and K are positive constants and the matrices A and C are diagonalizable, then there exists a positive number ρ such that this linear system is asymptotically stable if the eigenvalues of the diagonal matrix Λ + p(ρI + Ln N ) have negative real parts, where Λ and N are matrices of eigenvalues of A and C, respectively.For general matrices A and C, an algorithm to find a bound for parameter p is given.These theorems extend the known result of asymptotic stability when A and C commute.
Physiological responses of banana (MusaAAA; Cavendish sub-group) in the subtropics. VI. Seasonal responses of leaf gas exchange to short-term water stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SummaryA banana tissue culture block, cv. Williams, was divided in eight sub-plots each with independent irrigation control, to investigate effects of short-term water stress on the assimilation potential of vigorous plants never previously stressed. Supporting studies included recovery from short term water stress, validation of current crop factors of 0.8 × E0 (Autumn/Summer) and 0.5 × E0 (Winter), comparison of USDA class A Pan with tensiometer scheduling, and investigation of specific water demands of tissue culture plantings. Irrigation treatments during an autumn and winter study included a control ("daily" irrigation using A-Pan), a "water stress" treatment (water shortage until severe reductions in assimilation potential occurred) and a "normal" irrigation treatment using currently recommended crop factors. During a summer study, "normal" irrigation was scheduled physiologically, i.e. when plants showed a significant reduction in photosynthesis rate compared with the control. Soil moisture was monitored by tensiometer and neutron probe. The physiological responses of banana plants to different irrigation treatments were monitored by measurements of leaf gas exchange (photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration). During autumn, the first signs of water stress appeared after 4 d of water shortage. Twelve days of water shortage resulted in 79% reduction in photosynthesis, caused by a combination of stomatal limitations (84% reduction in stomatal conductance) and disturbed photosynthesis reaction (13% higher internal CO2 concentration). "Normal" irrigation at a crop factor of 0.8 showed no restricted leaf gas exchange indicating that soil water potential should be kept at – 15 to –20 kPa during warm seasons (summer to autumn) and that irrigation intervals should not be longer than three days. During winter, reductions in photosynthesis were only measured 8 d after initiation of water stress. A maximum reduction in photosynthesis of 32% occurred after 32 d of water shortage at a soil water potential of –69 kPa showing that water shortages during winter were less severe on assimilation than during warmer seasons. Irrigation at soil water potential of –30 kPa did not cause severe reductions in assimilation potential and a crop factor of 0.5 did not show long-term difference in gas exchange compared with "daily". During summer, cloudy weather and reduced evaporative demand minimized symptoms of water stress until 7 d of water shortage at a soil water potential of –21.8 kPa. Physiological recovery of the plant from short term water stress took longer than 3 d in all three irrigation studies. In all measurements, irrigation scheduling with A-pan did not correlate with available soil water. Irrigation scheduling using soil water content (tensiometer or neutron probe) is a more effective indicator of actual water demand for bananas in the subtropics.
A Novel Point-to-Point Energy Transmission Voltage Equalizer for Series-Connected Supercapacitors

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In view of the nonuniform voltage of series-connected supercapacitors (SCs), a new voltage equalizer was designed. This voltage equalizer is composed of a switching network circuit and an isolated dc/dc converter. A switching network greatly simplifies the circuit over a traditional switch driver by using electrical potential difference between series-connected SCs to drive switches. It provides pathways for all SCs that are series connected. Each SC can be connected to an isolated dc/dc converter individually by the use of a switching network. Energy will be transmitted between any two cells directly; thus, it is also called point-to-point energy transmission. Detailed operation analyses and an equalizing strategy were presented for the voltage equalizer. A prototype for 12 SCs that are series connected was built based on the new voltage equalizer, and an experiment was performed for series-connected SCs with a nonuniform initial voltage. The experimental results showed that the voltage equalizer has the ability to eliminate nonuniform voltage of the series-connected SCs effectively. Furthermore, this voltage equalizer not only can be used for SCs but can be used for traditional secondary batteries as well.
Dirichlet process mixture models for time-dependent clustering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In many problems of signal processing, an important task is the classification of data. A group of methods that has attracted much interest for this purpose are the nonparametric Bayesian methods, and in particular, those based on the Dirichlet process. A useful metaphor for various generalizations of the Dirichlet process has been the Chinese restaurant process. Often the task of classification must be carried out in a sequential manner, and to that end the concepts from Bayesian non-parametrics cannot be applied straightforwardly. Recently, we introduced the notion of Chinese restaurant process with finite capacity to allow for classification of data on a time-varying basis. In this paper, we introduce the hierarchical Chinese restaurant process with finite capacity to provide further flexibilities to the process of classification. We show a generative model based on the process and then describe how to make online inference using the model. We demonstrate the approach with computer simulations.
Two Econometric Approaches for Predicting the Spatial Behavior of Renewable Resource Harvesters

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes spatial patterns of exploitation in the California sea urchin fishery using two different econometric approaches: a combined count data and SUR model of monthly observations and a micro-level Nested Logit model of individual harvester daily decisions. Each model is used to simulate the spatial distribution of fishing effort. The models are compared using goodness of fit measures and implications for management are discussed. (JEL Q22)
CRISPR interference of nucleotide biosynthesis improves production of a single‐domain antibody in Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Growth decoupling can be used to optimize the production of biochemicals and proteins in cell factories. Inhibition of excess biomass formation allows for carbon to be utilized efficiently for product formation instead of growth, resulting in increased product yields and titers. Here, we used CRISPR interference to increase the production of a single‐domain antibody (sdAb) by inhibiting growth during production. First, we screened 21 sgRNA targets in the purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis pathways and found that the repression of 11 pathway genes led to the increased green fluorescent protein production and decreased growth. The sgRNA targets pyrF, pyrG , and cmk were selected and further used to improve the production of two versions of an expression‐optimized sdAb. Proteomics analysis of the sdAb‐producing pyrF, pyrG , and cmk growth decoupling strains showed significantly decreased RpoS levels and an increase of ribosome‐associated proteins, indicating that the growth decoupling strains do not enter stationary phase and maintain their capacity for protein synthesis upon growth inhibition. Finally, sdAb production was scaled up to shake‐flask fermentation where the product yield was improved 2.6‐fold compared to the control strain with no sgRNA target sequence. An sdAb content of 14.6% was reached in the best‐performing pyrG growth decoupling strain.
Language-agnostic pharmacovigilant text mining to elicit side effects from clinical notes and hospital medication records

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim To create a drug safety signalling pipeline associating latent information in clinical free text with exposure profiles to highlight potential adverse drug reactions to single drugs and drug pairs. Methods All inpatient visits of a 500,000-patient sample from two Danish regions, between 18 May 2008 and 30 June 2016. Tokens from clinical notes recorded within 48 hours of admission were operationalised with a fastText embedding. For each of the 10,720 single-drug and drug-pair exposures from doorstep medication profiles, we trained a feed-forward neural network predicting the risk of exposure using embedding vectors as inputs. Results 2,905,251 inpatient visits comprised 13,740,564 doorstep drug prescriptions; the median number of prescriptions was 5 (IQR: 3-9) and in 1,184,340 (41%) admissions patients used ≥5 drugs concurrently. 10,788,259 clinical notes were included, with 179,441,739 tokens retained after pruning. Of 345 single-drug signals reviewed, 28 (8.1%) represented possibly undescribed relationships; 186 (54%) signals were clinically meaningful. 16 (14%) of the 115 drug-pair signals were possible interactions and 2 (1.7%) were known. Conclusion We built a language-agnostic pipeline for mining associations between free-text information and medication exposure without manual curation, by predicting not the likely outcome of a range of exposures, but the likely exposures for outcomes of interest. Our approach may help overcome limitations of text mining methods relying on curated data in English and makes our method appealing in settings that must make sense of non-English free text for pharmacovigilance.
Group Motion Control of Multi-agent Systems Based on Complex Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are, nowadays, an important research area within Robotics and Artificial Intelligence. Motivated by recent advances in synchronization theory of complex dynamical network, this paper develops a general methods of controller design for formation reaching and group motion controlling of the MAS. A novel motion model of MAS is presented at first. Based on this model, the design method of decentralized controller for each agent is investigated. The stability properties of the system is also analyzed in detail. In this control scheme the topology of the control interconnections is fixed and invariant. The control policy ensures that all agents eventually move in group formation with desired group motion dynamics while at same time avoid collisions. In the end, the validity of this scheme is supported by computer simulation.
Measurement of the t t-bar Production Cross Section in pp Collisions at 7 TeV in Lepton + Jets Events Using b-quark Jet Identification

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new measurement of the inclusive production cross section for pp to t t-bar is performed at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The analysis uses a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns, and is based on the final state with one isolated, high transverse momentum muon or electron, missing transverse energy, and hadronic jets. The ttbar content of the selected events is enhanced by requiring the presence of at least one jet consistent with b-quark hadronization. The measured cross section is 150 +/- 9 (stat.) +/- 17 syst.) +/- 6 (lumi.) pb and is in agreement with higher-order QCD calculations. The combination of this measurement with a previous CMS result based on dileptons gives 154 +/- 17 (stat.+syst.) +/- 6 (lumi.) pb.
Social Organization and the Life Cycle in an Arab Village

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

More than half a century has passed since Tylor postulated and Malinowski affirmed the essential rationality and independence of primitive man's be? havior. The latter's vivid illustrations counteracted the impression fostered by Durkheim that primitive man, weighted down by a collective conscience, had an extremely limited range of choice. Among contemporary anthropologists, Raymond Firth, one of Malinowski's students, has made the most systematic attempt to explore the problem of choice and rational? ity in the day-to-day life of primitive men. The operation of rationality and choice has been comprehended in what he terms (Firth 1951) principles of organization. Firth has pointed out that there are large areas of behavior not covered by rules, that there are conflicts of rules, and, most importantly, that all rules (and roles) have to be interpreted. Even on the occasion of recurring life crises such as birth, marriage, and death, when emotions might be expected to prevail, rational choices are made according to certain norms of behavior.2 It is precisely at these moments that the range of alternatives is wider and the consequences of the decision greater than those which obtain under ordinary circumstances. For many anthropologists the statements made above may seem like a belaboring of the obvious. But for the Middle East a great deal of writing by social scientists?not on primitive societies but on complex peasant societies?betrays a view of peasant life that is not too far removed from the original conception of Durkheim. For example, stress is always placed on the restrictions of choice on both sexes by the rules of marriage, explicit and implicit, and the patriarchal structure of the family. Marriages are referred to as contracted and arranged by the parents for their children with little or no realization of the complexity or latitude of choice under? lying such terms.3 In this paper I shall examine certain aspects of the life cycle of the male in the Arab village of Kufr al Ma, Jordan.4 My purpose is to demonstrate the possibilities of individual choice in the traditional village community, particularly in respect to the life crises posed by marriage, parenthood, and