jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CASE OF CAROTINEMIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mrs. H. H., aged 25, a housewife, entered University Hospital, June 9, 1923, complaining of weakness, thirst and marked appetite. The trouble began two years before, two months preceding the birth of her baby. The urine at that time showed a marked amount of sugar. On a moderately restricted carbohydrate diet, the patient remained sugar free until December, 1922, when she again showed sugar, and all the previous symptoms recurred, much aggravated. In two months she had lost 40 pounds (18 kg.). A physician prescribed a vegetable diet containing a high carrot content. About a month later her hands became yellow, which color was present when she entered the hospital. The patient was markedly undernourished. There was a distinct yellow discoloration of the hands, feet and nasolabial folds. There was no pigmentation of the sclerae. At the University Hospital she was taken off the restricted diet and was given insulin
Food and Feeding Habits of Herdmania pallida (Heller) (Urochordata: Ascidiacea) from Palk Strait, Southeast of India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

2 Abstract: In the present observation, the food and feeding habit of the simple ascidians, Herdmania pallida was carried out during the study period (July 2008 to June 2009). The percentage contribution of food items comprised of 51% of sand particles, 30% of micro flora, 13 % of meio fauna, 2% of macro fauna and 4% of other materials. The percentage of feeding intensity were observed throughout one year as poorly feed 20%, heavy feed 26%, medium 18 %, active 24% and empty 12%, The poorly feed were more recorded in the month of June (32.5%), heavy feed was highly recorded in the month of January (37.5 %), active feed was more reported in the month of February (34.6%),medium feed was more in the month of January (20.2%), empty feed was reported high in the month of July (18.9%). Key word: Food and feeding ・ Herdmania pallida ・ Ascidiacea
Determining the Geographic Origins of Migrants Using Surnames: French Cities of the Early Twentieth Century

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A Bayesian method is suggested for estimating the probability of the geographical origins of immigrants in a given area, using surname frequencies and changes over time. This method is applied to the case of immigrants leaving rural or small districts to settle large urban areas at the time of World War I. The diversity of the origins of these new urban dwellers is linked to the specific geographical and historical features of the cities receiving immigrants.
3DAEF-Based Thunderstorm Multipath Imaging System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article presents a multipath imaging system for thunderstorm developments, wherein data are three-dimensional atmospheric electric-field signals (3DAEFSs) collected with a self-made 3DAEF apparatus (3DAEFA). In this way, thunderstorms are presented in a staged and visual form. To start with, entropy-based intervals are constructed from historical AEF data, to classify denoised AEFS components, according to the entropy value of each component. Furthermore, AEFS time sequences are reconstructed with a reference to whether components within the same entropy-based interval are sequential or not, providing time information for the subsequent clustering-based spatial denoising to thunderstorm point charge coordinates. Finally, predicted value (PV) intervals, which are used to divide and then reconstruct AEFS time periods, are acquired to realize the point charge multipath imaging corresponding to periods, based on the established stacked autoencoder and the extreme gradient boosting (SAE-XGBoost) model. Empirical results demonstrate that the multipath better visualizes the whole process of thunderstorm activities. Comparisons with radar charts further confirm that the proposed system effectively images charge multipaths and provides a valid reference for visual thunderstorm monitoring.
Results of a phase 1 study of vosilasarm (EP0062), a first-in-class oral selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) in patients with advanced or metastatic AR+/ER+/HER-2- breast cancer.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

1057 Background: Vosilasarm (EP0062) is an oral, nonsteroidal, Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM). Initially developed under the code RAD140, EP0062 has been reformulated with markedly improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. Preclinically, vosilasarm has been shown to act as a potent tissue-selective AR agonist, suppressing growth and proliferation of multiple AR+/ER+/HER-2- breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models, as monotherapy or in combination with standard of care (SoC) regimens (Clin Can Res 2017 23(24); SABCS 2019 P5-05-01). Here we report results from the dose finding and optimization cohorts of an ongoing phase 1/2 study (NCT05573126) in patients (pts) with advanced AR+/ER+/HER-2- breast cancer. Methods: The study recruited post-menopausal women with locally advanced or metastatic AR+/ ER+/HER-2- breast cancer, ≥ 18 years of age, with endocrine sensitive disease. AR+ defined as ≥ 10% AR nuclei staining by IHC. Primary objectives were to evaluate safety and determine the optimal dose for evaluation in future combination cohorts. Other endpoints included PK, ORR, DOR, CBR ≥6 months and genomic analysis (biopsy- or ctDNA-based NGS). Results: A total of 20 pts (Median age 59.5 y, PS 0/1 [70/30%]) were treated across 4 dose cohorts: 20mg QD (n = 2), 10mg BID (n = 10), 10mg QD (n = 5), 15mg BID (n = 3). The 10mg BID cohort was expanded for dose optimization. All pts received prior CDK4/6i and AI and/or SERD with a median of 4 prior lines (in any setting). CtDNA analysis showed genomic heterogeneity at baseline, with ESR1 mutations (8/19 pts) and TP53 mutations (9/19 pts) the most frequent. No DLTs were observed. 89% of all TEAEs were G1 or G2 with most common being increase in LFTs (55% of pts), nausea (40% of pts) and anemia (25% of pts). The LFT increases were transient, asymptomatic and generally occurred in cycle 1, with 2 pts requiring a dose interruption followed by reduction. Most common ≥ G3 TEAEs were ALT increase in 4 pts (20%). No treatment related deaths were observed. 19 pts were evaluable for efficacy. For 11/ 19 (58%) pts the best response was stable disease. 4/19 (21%) pts had clinical benefit with CBR ≥6 mo, corresponding with marked suppression of CA15-3 in 5/19 (26%) patients. Vosilasarm has a favorable PK profile with good bioavailability and no accumulation. Full data will be reported. 10 mg BID was selected as the optimal dose for Phase 2. Conclusions: Vosilasarm has promising clinical benefit, safety and tolerability in this heterogeneous, heavily pre-treated population. This confirms the potential of vosilasarm, a first in class SARM, as a new treatment strategy for AR+/ ER+/HER-2- breast cancer. The study is continuing with evaluation of vosilasarm in combination with SoC therapies including oral SERD, mTOR inhibitor and CDK4/6 inhibitors. Clinical trial information: NCT05573126 .
Windowed Fourier Analysis for Signal Processing on Graph Bundles

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We consider the task of representing signals supported on graph bundles, which are generalizations of product graphs that allow for "twists" in the product structure. Leveraging the localized product structure of a graph bundle, we demonstrate how a suitable partition of unity over the base graph can be used to lift the signal on the graph into a space where a product factorization can be readily applied. Motivated by the locality of this procedure, we demonstrate that bases for the signal spaces of the components of the graph bundle can be lifted in the same way, yielding a basis for the signal space of the total graph. We demonstrate this construction on synthetic graphs, as well as with an analysis of the energy landscape of conformational manifolds in stereochemistry.
Expanding Polymer Injectivity Tests on a Second Giant Carbonate UAE Oil Reservoir at High Salinity & High Temperature Conditions.

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Over the last few years, ADNOC has systematically investigated a new polymer-based EOR scheme to improve sweep efficiency in high temperature and high salinity (HTHS) carbonate reservoirs in Abu Dhabi (Masalmeh et al., 2014). Consequently, ADNOC has developed a thorough de-risking program for the new EOR concept in these carbonate reservoirs. The de-risking program includes extensive laboratory experimental studies and field injectivity tests to ensure that the selected polymer can be propagated in the target reservoirs. A new polymer with high 2-acrylamido-tertiary-butyl sulfonic acid (ATBS) content was identified, based on extensive laboratory studies (Masalmeh, et al., 2019, Dupuis, et al., 2017, Jouenne 2020), and an initial polymer injectivity test (PIT) was conducted in 2019 at 250°F and salinity &gt;200,000 ppm, with low H2S content (Rachapudi, et al., 2020, Leon and Masalmeh, 2021). The next step for ADNOC was to extend polymer application to harsher field conditions, including higher H2S content. Accordingly, a PIT was designed in preparation for a multi-well pilot This paper presents ADNOC's follow-up PIT, which expands the envelope of polymer flooding to dissolve H2S concentrations of 20 - 40 ppm to confirm injectivity at representative field conditions and in situ polymer performance. The PIT was executed over five months, from February 2021 to July 2021, followed by a chase water flood that will run until December 2021. A total of 108,392 barrels of polymer solution were successfully injected during the PIT. The extensive dataset acquired was used to assess injectivity and in-depth mobility reduction associated with the new polymer. Preliminary results from the PIT suggest that all key performance indicators have been achieved, with a predictable viscosity yield and good injectivity at target rates, consistent with the laboratory data. The use of a down-hole shut-in tool (DHSIT) to acquire pressure fall-off (PFO) data clarified the near-wellbore behaviour of the polymer and allowed optimisation of the PIT programme. This paper assesses the importance of water quality on polymer solution preparation and injection performance and reviews operational data acquired during the testing period. Polymer properties determined during the PIT will be used to optimise field and sector models and will facilitate the evaluation of polymer EOR in other giant, heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs, leading to improved recovery in ADNOC and Middle East reservoirs.
A mini-tutorial on zooplankton acoustics

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The techniques for use of high-frequency acoustical systems for the study of zooplankton distribution, biomass, abundance, size distribution, and behavior have been the focus of intense effort and development during the past two decades. Significant theoretical and experimental progress has been made in understanding how these animals scatter sound. A review of the major aspects of this problem will be presented, including current field survey techniques, instrumentation, laboratory measurements, and scattering models. Issues such as confounding factors in data interpretation and determination of model parameters will be discussed.
The Wee1 protein kinase regulates T14 phosphorylation of fission yeast Cdc2.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Cdc2 protein kinase is a key regulator of the G1-S and G2-M cell cycle transitions in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The activation of Cdc2 at the G2-M transition is triggered by dephosphorylation at a conserved tyrosine residue Y15. The level of Y15 phosphorylation is controlled by the Wee1 and Mik1 protein kinases acting in opposition to the Cdc25 protein phosphatase. Here, we demonstrate that Wee1 overexpression leads to a high stoichiometry of phosphorylation at a previously undetected site in S. pombe Cdc2, T14. T14 phosphorylation was also detected in certain cell cycle mutants blocked in progression through S phase, indicating that T14 phosphorylation might normally occur at low stoichiometry during DNA replication or early G2. Strains in which the chromosomal copy of cdc2 was replaced with either a T14A or a T14S mutant allele were generated and the phenotypes of these strains are consistent with T14 phosphorylation playing an inhibitory role in the activation of Cdc2 as it does in higher eukaryotes. We have also obtained evidence that Wee1 but not Mik1 or Chk1 is required for phosphorylation at this site, that the Mik1 and Chk1 protein kinases are unable to drive T14 phosphorylation in vivo, that residue 14 phosphorylation requires previous phosphorylation at Y15, and that the T14A mutant, unlike Y15F, is recessive to wild-type Cdc2 activity. Finally, the normal duration of G2 delay after irradiation or hydroxyurea treatment in a T14A mutant strain indicates that T14 phosphorylation is not required for the DNA damage or replication checkpoint controls.
Cosmic-ray observations in 1964–65 with Mariner IV

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The University of Iowa equipment on Mariner IV, which was launched towards Mars on 28 November 1964, consists in part of two thin-window G-M tubes sensitive to electrons of [Formula: see text] (detector B) and [Formula: see text] (detector A), and a shielded G-M tube (detector C) sensitive to electrons of E e > 150 keV and having a threshold of ~55 MeV for omnidirectional protons. Observations over the period 28 November 1964 to 30 September 1965 have shown the following: (a) Electrons in the energy range [Formula: see text] were present in the interplanetary medium prior to day 12, 1965 with intensities of ~0.5 (cm 2 s sr) −1 . (b) The interplanetary cosmic-ray gradient for protons of [Formula: see text] was less than 3% per AU and the data are consistent with zero gradient. (c) There are large changes in the intensities of protons of [Formula: see text], but the direction and magnitude of the gradient for such protons were uncertain during solar minimum. The implications of these results are discussed.
Finite element solution of non‐linear heat conduction problems with special reference to phase change

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The paper presents a generally applicable approach to transient heat conduction problems with non‐linear physical properties and boundary conditions. An unconditionally stable central algorithm is used which does not require iteration. Several examples involving phase change (where latent heat effects are incorporated as heat capacity variations) and non‐linear radiation boundary conditions are given which show very good accuracy. Simple triangular elements are used throughout but the formulation is generally valid and not restricted to any single type of element.
Recapture, Transparency, Negation and a Logic for the Catuṣkoṭi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The recent literature on Nāgārjuna’s catuṣkoṭi centres around Jay Garfield’s (2009) and Graham Priest’s (2010) interpretation. It is an open discussion to what extent their interpretation is an adequate model of the logic for the catuskoti, and the Mūla-madhyamaka-kārikā. Priest and Garfield try to make sense of the contradictions within the catuskoti by appeal to a series of lattices – orderings of truth-values, supposed to model the path to enlightenment. They use Anderson & Belnaps's (1975) framework of First Degree Entailment. Cotnoir (2015) has argued that the lattices of Priest and Garfield cannot ground the logic of the catuskoti. The concern is simple: on the one hand, FDE brings with it the failure of classical principles such as modus ponens. On the other hand, we frequently encounter Nāgārjuna using classical principles in other arguments in the MMK. There is a problem of validity. If FDE is Nāgārjuna’s logic of choice, he is facing what is commonly called the classical recapture problem: how to make sense of cases where classical principles like modus pones are valid? One cannot just add principles like modus pones as assumptions, because in the background paraconsistent logic this does not rule out their negations. In this essay, I shall explore and critically evaluate Cotnoir’s proposal. In detail, I shall reveal that his framework suffers collapse of the kotis. Taking Cotnoir’s concerns seriously, I shall suggest a formulation of the catuskoti in classical Boolean Algebra, extended by the notion of an external negation as an illocutionary act. I will focus on purely formal considerations, leaving doctrinal matters to the scholarly discourse – as far as this is possible.
CD8 T-Cell Recognition of Multiple Epitopes within Specific Gag Regions Is Associated with Maintenance of a Low Steady-State Viremia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Seropositive Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The importance of HLA class I-restricted CD8 T-cell responses in the control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is generally accepted. While several studies have shown an association of certain HLA class I alleles with slower disease progression, it is not fully established whether this effect is mediated by HIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses restricted by these alleles. In order to study the influence of the HLA class I alleles on the HIV-specific CD8 T-cell response and on viral control, we have assessed HIV-specific epitope recognition, plasma viral load, and expression of HLA class I alleles in a cohort of HIV-seropositive bar workers. Possession of the HLA class I alleles B5801, B8101, and B0702 was associated with a low median viral load and simultaneously with a broader median recognition of Gag epitopes compared to all other HLA alleles (twofold increase) ( P = 0.0035). We further found an inverse linear relationship between the number of Gag epitopes recognized and the plasma viral load ( R = −0.36; P = 0.0016). Particularly, recognition of multiple epitopes within two regions of Gag (amino acids [aa] 1 to 75 and aa 248 to 500) was associated with the maintenance of a low steady-state viremia, even years after acute infection.
Red fluorescence of comedones: production of porphyrins by Corynebacterium acnes.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

It has been known since the late 1920's that many individuals show an orange-red fluorescence of the comedones of the face when examined under ultraviolet light (1). This phenomenon is most marked in the comedones of the nose and cheeks. Carrie, in 1934, suggested that this fluorescence might possibly be due to gram positive bacilli residing in the substance of the comedones (2).
Fast Detection of Vehicles Based-on the Moving Region

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The precise location and tracking of the moving vehicles is an important part in intelligent transportation system. This paper presents a new method for detecting vehicles which can remove the shadows fast. The main process is done in three steps: moving region detection, shadow detection, and edge detection. Firstly, a moving region of the image is achieved using the self-adaptive background updating method quickly. Then a coarse shadow area can be taken with the model-based method, and the shadow detection method based on the HSV color space is only applied on the coarse area. Finally, impose edge detection on both the moving regions and shadow areas. Subtraction of the two areas leads to the result of the detection of real vehicle. Experiment results show that this method can improve the efficiency of the moving vehicles detection greatly.
Spermidine/Spermine N1-Acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1)—A Potential Gene Target for Selective Sensitization of Glioblastoma Cells Using an Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticle to Deliver siRNA

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1) responsible for cell polyamine catabolism is overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GB). Its role in tumor survival and promoting resistance towards radiation therapy has made it an interesting target for therapy. In this study, we prepared a lipid nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery system (LNP-siSAT1) to selectively knockdown (KD) SAT1 enzyme in a human glioblastoma cell line. The LNP-siSAT1 containing ionizable DODAP lipid was prepared following a microfluidics mixing method and the resulting nanoparticles had a hydrodynamic size of around 80 nm and a neutral surface charge. The LNP-siSAT1 effectively knocked down the SAT1 expression in U251, LN229, and 42MGBA GB cells, and other brain-relevant endothelial (hCMEC/D3), astrocyte (HA) and macrophage (ANA-1) cells at the mRNA and protein levels. SAT1 KD in U251 cells resulted in a 40% loss in cell viability. Furthermore, SAT1 KD in U251, LN229 and 42MGBA cells sensitized them towards radiation and chemotherapy treatments. In contrast, despite similar SAT1 KD in other brain-relevant cells no significant effect on cytotoxic response, either alone or in combination, was observed. A major roadblock for brain therapeutics is their ability to cross the highly restrictive blood–brain barrier (BBB) presented by the brain microcapillary endothelial cells. Here, we used the BBB circumventing approach to enhance the delivery of LNP-siSAT1 across a BBB cell culture model. A cadherin binding peptide (ADTC5) was used to transiently open the BBB tight junctions to promote paracellular diffusion of LNP-siSAT1. These results suggest LNP-siSAT1 may provide a safe and effective method for reducing SAT1 and sensitizing GB cells to radiation and chemotherapeutic agents.
Biliary drainage as treatment for allograft steatosis following liver transplantation for PFIC‐1 disease: A single‐center experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Development of macrovesicular steatosis post– LT in patients with PFIC ‐1 is increasingly being observed, with the etiology not fully understood. We highlight successful and effective EBD for reversal of allograft steatosis in 2 patients with PFIC ‐1 disease and discuss our experience with internal biliary diversion in this patient population.
In vitro Antiviral Activity and Cytotoxicity of Aspirin: Lack of Selective Activity against Influenza a Virus or Rhinovirus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Because of a report that aspirin 5–10 mm has potent anti-influenza virus A activity in vitro, we assessed aspirin's cellular cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects for influenza A and rhinovirus in cell culture. Aspirin 5-1 mm was inhibitory for the growth of uninfected rhesus monkey kidney, MDCK, MRC-5 strain human embryonic lung, and HeLa cells. Concentrations of 2.5 mm and lower had no inhibitory affects for growth of representative influenza A strains in MDCK or RMK cells or for rhinovirus serotype 39 or 1A in MRC-5 and HeLa cells. In summary, our in vitro studies did not find evidence for selective anti-rhinovirus or influenza A virus activities at non-cytotoxic concentrations of aspirin.