jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Colliding public health priorities: A call to improve the understanding of autistic individuals utilizing housing assistance

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to identify utilization of housing support provided by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) among autistic people in the U.S. Using 2008 and 2016 Medicaid data, we identified autistic individuals birth to 61 years and linked them to national HUD data. We characterized demographics, co-occurring conditions, and HUD program involvement. Autistic Medicaid enrollees enrolled in HUD increased by 70% between 2008 and 2016. Among 846,350 autistic Medicaid enrollees in 2016, 10.4% (n = 88,315) were HUD-assisted. HUD-assisted autistic individuals, versus non-HUD-assisted, were more likely to be Black/African American and less likely to have private insurance. Most lived in urban areas and were enrolled in the Housing Choice Voucher program. Approximately 2,600 autistic individuals (3%) were homeless at HUD entry. Growing numbers of HUD-assisted autistic individuals point toward an urgent need for federal data to understand and address public health contexts of housing affordability and instability to complement existing clinical autism research investments. Integrated public health, housing, and disability supports must address equitable income supports and housing assistance needed to support the health needs of autistic individuals.
Multigrid techniques for finite elements on locally refined meshes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We investigate multigrid algorithms on locally refined quadrilateral meshes. In contrast to a standard multigrid algorithm, where the hierarchy of meshes is generated by global refinement, we suppose that the finest mesh results from an adaptive refinement algorithm using bisection and ‘hanging nodes’. We discuss the additional difficulties introduced by these meshes and investigate two different algorithms. The first algorithm uses merely the local refinement regions per level, leading to optimal solver complexity even on strongly locally refined meshes, whereas the second one constructs the lower level meshes by agglomeration of cells. In this note, we are mainly interested in implementation details and practical performance of the two multigrid schemes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[Centipede (Scolopendra sp.) envenomation in a rural village of semi-arid region from Falcon State, Venezuela].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Due to be expected an ID between 1.28 x 10(-12) and 0.010 (X = 0.0021)/100 persons/year, thus envenomation rate at Rio Seco, Falcon State, Venezuela, can be considered of "very high" or epidemic. Sinanthropic and domestic habits of scolopendromorphae centipedes increase the frequency of stings. Only symptomatic therapeutical treatment was required.
Mental Health Issues of School-Going Adolescents in High Schools in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The study sought to describe and explore the experiences of school teachers and school health nurses in dealing with mental health issues of school-going adolescents in high schools. A qualitative descriptive exploratory design was used to gain an integrated view of the experiences of these school teachers and school health nurses. Semi-structured individual interviews and two focus group discussions were held with teachers and school health nurses, respectively, until data saturation was achieved.Â Preliminary analysis ran concurrently with data collection and was finalised using the directed content analysis method. Mental health issues to emerge were inappropriate handling of emotions by adolescents, engaging in risky behaviours and disruptive behaviours by adolescents. The conclusion reached is that there is a clear need for interventions and programmes that would promote social skills among school-going adolescents.
David J. Brewer: the life of a Supreme Court justice, 1837-1910

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is the first biography of David J. Brewer, an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1889 to 1910. Prior to rising to the nation's highest tribunal, Brewer served as a county probate judge, a state district judge, a Kansas State Supreme Court justice, and a federal circuit court judge. He was known not only for his long tenure on the Supreme Court but also for his numerous off-the-bench statements as an orator and writer. Many of Brewer's judicial opinions and nonjudicial utterances created controversy, particularly when he confronted the reform issues of his day. The court, then presided over by Chief Justice Melville W. Fuller, has been seen as reactionary, determined to infuse the law with social Darwinism and laissez-faire ideology. Yet, contrary to this assessment of the Fuller Court as a whole, Brewer accepted most of his generation's reform goals. He championed many forms of social legislation, the regulation of business, the rights of women and minorities, the support of charities, educational reform, and world peace. Michael J. Brodhead contends that until recently historians have carelessly and inaccurately created a false image of Brewer, partly by citing a small sample of his opinions and public statements as representative of his alleged conservatism. They have also assumed that the disputable decisions of Brewer and his contemporaries were based on ideological predilections and that precedent and recognized legal principles played no role. During his term, Brewer was the author of such notable court opinions as In re Debs, Muller v. Oregon, and Kansas v. Colorado. He supported property rights, admired honestentrepreneurial activity, and opposed the concentration of power in any form. Brewer favored the individual in all instances, whether that individual was the initiator of a great economic enterprise or a farmer struggling to extend agriculture into the western plains.
THE PILL BEETLE, CYTILUS ALTERNATUS (COLEOPTERA: BYRRHIDAE), A NURSERY PEST IN ONTARIO

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An unusual infestation of the pill beetle, Cytilus alternatus Say, occurred in the Provincial Forest Nursery at Gogama in northern Ontario in 1967. Although Craighead (1950) mentions species of Byrrhus , a closely related genus, as pests in nurseries, no previous record of injury to seedlings by C. alternatus could be found. Two incidental collections of C. alternutus , however, had been made previously in Ontario when a few pupae were collected in the Chapleau Forest Nursery in 1965 and a single adult was taken on St. Joseph Island in 1954. Members of the family Byrrhidae derive their common name, pill beetles, from their oval shape and their ability to “retract” their appendages when disturbed.
A Markov-based model of MPEG-2 audio/video traffic

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

MPEG-2 audio/video standard is the internationally accepted encoding standard for digital audio and video transmission. Accurate performance evaluation models of the related traffic are therefore required to design and manage future networks efficiently. In this paper a Markov-based model of MPEG-2 audio/video traffic is proposed. Each monomedia source is modeled with a switched batch Bernoulli process (SBBP), whose statistical changes are considered as correlated events driven by the user behavior. Applying the master/slave model, the MPEG-2 multimedia source as a whole is modeled with an SBBP model. Finally, the MPEG-2 traffic stream, put out by the MPEG-2 multiplexer, is modeled as an on-off source and the distributions of the the on and off state durations are calculated.
Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the evaluation of renal infection: preliminary results.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has already gained status in the neuroradiological MRI approach of a patient suffering from a variety of neurological diseases. The clinical application of DW MRI in the evaluation of renal disease is not standard. This manuscript describes preliminary results of the application of DW imaging in renal infection to aid differential diagnosis and/or lesion detection in clinical MRI. Three patients with acute pyelonephritis and two patients with renal abscess (one with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, the other with a solitary pyogenic renal abscess) were examined with MRI. Areas of acute pyelonephritis and abscedation have restricted proton diffusion and are demonstrated on the DW images. Refinement of the technique, in-depth investigation of the pathological background of the MR findings and evaluation of its true clinical value need further investigation. This manuscripts shows preliminary findings of DW imaging in patients with renal infectious disease.
Thermocaproicibacter melissae gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic chain-elongating bacterium, producing n-caproate from polymeric carbohydrates

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Strain MDTJ8 T is a chain-elongating thermophilic bacterium isolated from a thermophilic acidogenic anaerobic digestor treating human waste while producing the high commodity chemical n -caproate. The strain grows and produces formate, acetate, n -butyrate, n -caproate and lactate from mono-, di- and polymeric saccharides at 37–60 °C (optimum, 50–55 °C) and at pH 5.0–7.0 (optimum, pH 6.5). The organism is an obligate anaerobe, is motile and its cells form rods (0.3–0.5×1.0–3.0 µm) that stain Gram-positive and occur primarily as chains. Phylogenetic analysis of both the 16S rRNA gene and full genome sequence shows that strain MDTJ8 T belongs to a group that consists of mesophylic chain-elongating bacteria within the family Oscillospiraceae , being nearest to Caproicibacter fermentans EA1 T (94.8 %) and Caproiciproducens galactitolivorans BS-1 T (93.7 %). Its genome (1.96 Mbp) with a G+C content of 49.6 mol% is remarkably smaller than those of other chain-elongating bacteria of the family Oscillospiraceae . Pairwise average nucleotide identity and DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain MDJT8 T and its mesophilic family members are less than 70 and 35 %, respectively, while pairwise average amino acid identity values are less than 68 %. In addition, strain MDJT8 T uses far less carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate substrates compared to its nearest family members. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain MDTJ8 T are C 14 : 0 , C 14 : 0 DMA (dimethyl acetal) and C 16 : 0 , while its polar lipid profile shows three unidentified glycophospholipids, 11 glycolipids, 13 phospholipids and six unidentified lipids. No respiratory quinones and polyamines are detected. Based on its phylogenetic, genotypic, morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain MDTJ8 T represents a novel species and novel genus of the family Oscillospiraceae and Thermocaproicibacter melissae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed as its name. The type strain is MDTJ8 T (=DSM 114174 T =LMG 32615 T =NCCB 100883 T ).
Triticum sp., TRI 28157

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Triticum sp. Accession number: TRI 28157 Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 2003-11-06 Origin country: Unknown Biological status: Wild MLS status: Included AEGIS status: Included Historic: No
Treatment of age-related macular degeneration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pattern of the retinal vasculature is thought to be unique for each eye. In the excellent review article by Mr Browning and co-authors (April 2004 JRSM1) it was therefore interesting to see how this pattern changed after photodynamic therapy (their Figure 3a and b). Verteporfin photodynamic therapy is clearly powerful medicine!
Ornithological Interpretation of the Sixth-Century AD Byzantine Mosaics from Tall Bī‘a, Syria

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Tall Bī'a is located on the le bank of the Euphrates River, east of present-day Raqqa in northern Syria.e ruins of an Early Byzantine monastery recovered at the site revealed mosaic oors with luxuriant avian imagery.e largest mosaic contained naturalistic depictions of 49 birds, whose ornithological identi cation is a empted in this paper.Mosaics in two smaller rooms also contained images of four birds each.In comparison with the diversity of species discussed in coeval codices and identi ed in archaeozoological assemblages in the region, it is clear that these mosaics represent only a limited range of the avifauna that surrounded people in the Byzantine Empire.While zoological information in artistic representation cannot always be taken at face value due to the discrepancies between the geographical distribution of avifauna and their free movement as decorative motifs, the large number and high quality of these images deserves a ention from an archaeo-ornithological point of view.ey potentially characterize relationships between people and birds in an important period through art, complementing the frequently meager osteological record.
A Model-Free Iteration Algorithm for Markov Jump Linear Systems Based on Gauss-Seidel Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper focuses on the linear quadratic regulator problem of discrete-time Markov jump linear systems without knowing the system matrices. A model-free fixed-point iteration algorithm is proposed to learn the optimal state feedback control law without the requirement of an initial admissible control policy. Analogous to the Gauss-Seidel method for linear equations, the model-free algorithm is constantly iterating with the latest information of each mode. It is proved that the algorithm converges monotonically to the optimal solution. In addition, our algorithm is faster than the classical model-based value iteration method. Finally, an example is used to illustrate our results.
Nitrogen-fixing plant ecology: factors limiting the nitrogen fixing trait

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the nitrogen-fixing clade, only 10 out of 28 plant families retain the nitrogen fixation trait. It is thought that the nitrogen fixation has been lost repeatedly since it evolved. Exploring the potential abiotic and biotic factors that trigger the loss of nitrogen-fixing traits is critical to understanding the evolution and ecology of plants. I designed three studies to examine how nitrogen-fixing plants respond to N deposition, different levels of CO2, herbivore damage, and less-effective symbionts. For the first study I grew three nitrogen fixers (Alnus incana ssp. rugosa, Alnus viridis ssp. crispa, and Alnus rubra) and their close non-nitrogen fixing relatives (Betula pumila, Betula papyrifera, Betula glandulosa) at ancient (1600 ppm) or present (400 ppm) CO2 over a range of soil N levels, equivalent to 0, 10, 50, and 200 kg N ha-1 year-1. I found nitrogen-fixing plants were less competitive as soil N increased compared with non-N fixers, but at ancient CO2 levels nitrogen-fixing plants are at an advantage at higher soil N levels. The seconded study explored the interaction between Alnus incana ssp. rugosa and Orgyia leucostigma under ambient (400 ppm), future (800 ppm), and ancient (1600 ppm) CO2. Herbivores preferred to feed on nodulated plant leaves grown at 400 ppm and 1600 ppm when given a choice, compared with non-nodulated leaves. At 800 ppm CO2 nodulated plants accumulated more total phenolic compounds in response to herbivore damage than plants in the non-Frankia and non-herbivore treatments. The third study examined if Alnus spp. can select against less-effective symbiont via partner choice or sanctioning. In a co-inoculation experiment, host plants could not prevent the less effective sp+ Frankia from entering roots when inoculated with a mixture of effective (sp-) and less effective (sp+) Frankia. When plant roots were inoculated with sp+ Frankia and exposed to Argon to induce Frankia cheating, specific nodule mass was not reduced. However, Argon-treated half roots had less specific nodule activity and specific nodule mass when inoculated with sp- Frankia. My studies suggest that increasing N deposition, dropping CO2, and the less/ineffective symbionts might trigger the loss of the nitrogen fixing trait.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Cationic Domino Process to (+)‐Uleine (VII).

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Triglyceride–Glucose-Based Anthropometric Indices for Predicting Incident Cardiovascular Disease: Relative Fat Mass (RFM) as a Robust Indicator

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index is a recognized marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk linked to insulin resistance. Combining TyG with anthropometric indicators (AIs) may improve risk prediction, but the comparative value of different AIs, including novel ones like Relative Fat Mass (RFM), is unclear. This study aimed to identify which combination of TyG and AIs has the strongest association with incident CVD in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese cohort. Methods: In this prospective study, we evaluated the association between the cumulative average of TyG combined with eight AIs (TyG-AIs) and incident CVD, heart disease, and stroke. Using data from 5192 participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we used multivariable logistic regression to compare the predictive value of these composite indices. Results: During follow-up, 1382 (26.6%) participants developed CVD. After full adjustment, the TyG index alone was only significantly associated with stroke. In contrast, most TyG-AIs showed stronger associations with all outcomes. Notably, the index combining TyG with Relative Fat Mass (TyG-RFM) exhibited the most robust associations with total CVD (OR = 2.236), heart disease (OR = 1.679), and stroke (OR = 3.288) when comparing the highest to lowest quartiles. Conclusions: Cumulative average TyG-AIs, particularly TyG-RFM, demonstrated more robust associations with incident CVD than the TyG index alone. The TyG-RFM index shows promise as a valuable tool to improve cardiovascular risk stratification, especially for identifying at-risk non-obese individuals.
Intelligent Street Lighting: An IoT-based System for Adaptive Brightness and Fault Management

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The research aims to develop an intelligent fault detection and control system for street lights using an STM32 microcontroller and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The system uses various sensors and communication methods to manage lighting more effectively and maintain infrastructure better. Light-Dependent Resistors (LDRs), which turn lights on automatically at nightfall and off at dawn, are essential to the system's operation. Moreover, motion is detected by the infrared (IR) sensors on the street, allowing the lighting to save energy by dimming during times of low traffic and brightening when movement is detected. By using control logic and sensor readings, a relay functions as an electronically controlled switch to turn the lights on and off. To process sensor data, the STM32 microcontroller is used in the main functionality. Energy savings are facilitated by the automated on/off switching based on ambient light levels, enabled by the LDR sensor data. In addition, the device includes a GPS module for precise street light location tracking. An IoT platform transmits this location data as well as operational status and real-time sensor readings. Maintenance staff can access regional data on light quality and sensor readings through an LCD display. This extensive data enables maintenance team to focus better, use resources efficiently, and enable remote monitoring and fault identification (e.g., burned-out bulbs). This Internet-of-Things (IoT) system provides an economical and environmentally friendly approach to efficient street light management by integrating automation, remote control, and real-time monitoring.
Regional determinants of Hungarian wine prices: The role of geographical indications, objective quality and individual reputation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Analysing the determinants of wine prices has always been a field of interest in the wine economics literature. By estimating hedonic price functions, however, most papers generally remain at the country level with regions generally neglected or treated as simple dummy variables. The aim of this paper is to analyse the determinants of wine prices at the regional level by using Latent Variable Path Modelling with Partial Least Squares and Principal Component Analysis on the example of Hungarian wines. This approach is able to capture the regional specialties of wine production and provides a better insight into price determination. Results suggest that intrinsic values play a major but ambiguous role in determining regional wine prices, especially in the case of sugar content. It also becomes apparent that specific Geographical Indications (GIs) play a crucial role in price determination, instead of GI use per se. Moreover, individual brands also have an important role, as Tier1 and Tier2 wineries tend to sell their wines at higher prices and in smaller batch sizes.
An optical character recognition approach to qualifying thresholding algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Pre-processing for raster image based document segmentation begins with image thresholding, which is a binarization process separating foreground from background. In this paper, we compare an existing (Otsu), modified existing (Kittler-Illingworth) and simple peak-based thresholding approach on a set of 982 documents for which existing ground truth (full text) is available. We use the output of an open source OCR engine which incorporates an adaptive/dynamic thresholder that can be bypassed by one of the three global thresholds we tested. This allowed comparison of these three approaches in the aggregate. We then used an independently-generated dictionary as a means of characterizing thresholder efficacy. Such an approach, if successful, will provide the means for selecting an optimal thresholder in the absence of a large set of ground truthed documents. Our preliminary findings here indicate that this approach may provide a reliable means for thresholder comparison and eventually preclude the need for time-intensive human ground truthing.