jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thermal buckling and postbuckling of functionally graded fiber-reinforced composite laminated plates

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Thermal buckling and postbuckling behavior is presented for fiber-reinforced laminated plates subjected to in-plane temperature variation and resting on an elastic foundation. Two kinds of fiber-reinforced laminated plates, namely, uniformly distributed and functionally graded reinforcements, are considered. The material properties of fiber-reinforced laminated plates are based on a micromechanical model and are assumed to be temperature dependent. The governing equations are based on a higher order shear deformation plate theory that includes plate–foundation interaction and the thermal effect. Numerical illustrations are carried out for fiber-reinforced polymer matrix and metal matrix composite laminated plates without or resting on elastic foundations. The numerical results show that the buckling temperature as well as thermal postbuckling strength of the plate can be increased as a result of functionally graded fiber reinforcements. The results reveal that the effect of functionally graded fiber reinforcements on the thermal buckling and postbuckling strength of the plate with polymer matrix is more pronounced compared to the plate with metal matrix.
Molecular regulation of Ezh2 expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A Polycomb Group protein, Ezh2, exerts its epigenetic function through mediating histone H3 Lysine 27 trimethylation and plays an important role in cell fate determination, X-chromosome inactivation, lymphocyte development and cancer progression. Due to the indispensable role of Ezh2 in various biological processes, its expression must be tightly regulated. However, most studies have mainly focused on the transcriptional control of Ezh2 on its target genes. The regulation of Ezh2 expression remains elusive. Therefore, this project is initiated to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms controlling Ezh2 expression in lymphocyte development, activation and neuronal differentiation. In this report, we showed that Ezh2 expression is regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels during lymphocyte development and activation. To identify the transcriptional regulators of Ezh2 expression, an Ezh2-EGFP fusion reporter mouse is generated. In parallel, we have identified NF-κB as a regulator of Ezh2 expression by using candidate gene approach and minimal promoter luciferase reporter assay. We showed that overexpression of NF-κB upregulates Ezh2 expression and NF-κB binds to the Ezh2 locus in B and T cells. A fluorescence-based miRNA screening strategy is established to identify potential miRNAs that regulate Ezh2 expression. We have discovered five novel miRNAs including miR-124 that regulate Ezh2 expression. We found that Ezh2 is a functional miR-124 target with relevance to P19 neuronal differentiation. Importantly, miR-124 regulated Ezh2 expression is crucial for optimal P19 neuronal differentiation. Overexpression of Ezh2 which is independent of miR-124 regulation inhibits P19 neuronal differentiation and promotes astrocyte differentiation. In addition, our preliminary data suggest that there is a possible feedback regulatory mechanism between Ezh2 and miR-124. In summary, our results indicate that Ezh2 expression is regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. We demonstrate that Ezh2 expression in lymphocytes is regulated by c-rel. In addition, miR-124 regulated Ezh2 expression is important for neurogenesis.
The research-intensive university in a glonacal higher education system: the creation of the world-class university in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper employs a glonacal agency heuristic to explore how certain research-intensive Chinese universities exercise agency in response to global and national impacts in creating the world-class university. Two global forces (international scholarly discussions on the world-class university and global university rankings) and one national force (China's Double First-Class Project) are considered. Through an in-depth document analysis of 41 Chinese research-intensive universities' strategic plans, it is revealed that the universities have designed mainly three strategies to reply to the impacts. The first is to actively embrace global impacts, while looking for national supports for the embracement; the second is to partly draw on global forces while taking into account national considerations; and the third is to primarily draw on national forces while being minimally influenced by global forces. The three strategies point to possible ways for non-Western universities to balance global and national influences in their development, and reflect potential contributions of universities, as local organisational agencies, to global higher education.
[Stimulation of the NADPH:adrenodoxin reductase diaphorase reaction by adrenodoxin].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The diaphorase activity of NADPH: adrenodoxin reductase (EC 1.18.1.2) is stimulated by adrenodoxin. The latter prevents the reductase inhibition by NADPH; the Line-weaver-Burk plots are characterized by a biphasic dependence of the reaction rate on the oxidizer concentration. At pH 7.0 the maximal rate of the first phase is 20s-1; that for the second phase at saturating concentrations of adrenodoxin is 5 s-1. Since the second phase rate is equal to that of the adrenodoxin-linked cytochrome c reduction by reductase it is concluded that this phase reflects the reduction of the oxidizers via reduced adrenodoxin. Quinones are reduced by adrenodoxin in an one-electron way; the logarithms of their rate constants depend hyperbolically on their single-electron reduction potentials (E7(1]. The oxidizers interact with a negatively charged domain of adrenodoxin. The depth of the adrenodoxin active center calculated from the Fe(EDTA)- reduction data is 5.9 A.
Design of Dynamic Sliding Mode Controller for Active Suspension System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

� In this paper, a new approach has been presented for dynamic control of active suspension vehicle system subject to the road disturbances. The active suspension system (ASS) which has been considered in this paper is operated by a hydraulic actuator. The input of this hydraulic actuator is a servo valve. In other words, both mechanical equation of system (related to hydraulic actuator) and its electrical equation (related to servo valve) are considered. Therefore, the equations are complicated and only the input current of servo valve is accessible as the input control signal. The proposed approach is based on dynamic sliding mode control (DSMC).In DSMC chattering is removed due to the integrator which is placed before the input control signal of the plant. However, in DSMC the augmented system (the system plus the integrator) is one dimension bigger than the actual system and then, control of the plant is more complicated. But, its advantage is that the input control signal is obtained from a dynamic system or a low pass filter, while the robust performance (invariance property) of the system is reserved even in the presence of disturbance. Another advantage of proposed approach is that the desired output force of the hydraulic actuator is obtained by the controller.
An Analytical Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) Flow Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A closed form solution for the flow of resin in the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process is used extensively for affordable manufacturing of large composite structures. During VARTM processing, a highly permeable distribution medium is incorporated into the preform as a surface layer. During infusion, the resin flows preferentially across the surface, simultaneously through the preform, to a complex flow front. The analytical solution presented here provides insight into the scaling laws governing fill times and resin inlet placement as a function of the properties of the preform, distribution media, and resin. The formulation assumes that the flow is fully developed and is divided into two areas: (1) a saturated region with no cross flow, and (2) a flow front region, which moves with a uniform velocity, where the resin is infiltrating into the preform from the distribution medium. The law of conservation of mass and Darcy's Law for flow through porous media are applied in each region. The resulting equations are nondimensionalized and are solved to yield the flow front shape and the development of the saturated region. It is found that the flow front is parabolic in shape, and the length of the saturated region is proportional to the square root of the time elapsed. The obtained results are compared to data from fill-scale simulation and show good agreement. The solution allows greater insight into the physics process, enables parametric and optimization studies, and can reduce the computational cost of full-scale, three-dimensional (3-D) simulations.
Discrimination of remote chirality of primary alcohols using 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-DIYL phosphoroselenoyl chlorides as a chiral molecular tool

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The reaction of trichlorophosphine, 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diols with various substituents at the 3,3′-positions, and elemental selenium in the presence of Et3N gave phosphoroselenoyl chlorides in low to high yields depending on the substituents on the binaphthols. To evaluate their utility as chiral derivatizing agents of primary alcohols having a chiral center β to the hydroxy group, the obtained chlorides were reacted with alcohols to yield phosphoroselenoic acid esters. 31P and 77Se NMR spectra of some esters with an unsubstituted binaphthyl group showed two signals corresponding to their diastereomers. Among them, the diastereomers of alcohols with chiral quaternary centers were clearly distinguished in the NMR spectra. This discrimination was further improved by the use of esters having binaphthyl groups with substituents at the 3,3′-positions. In particular, the signals due to the diastereomers of esters having binaphthyl groups with C6H4C6H3Me2-3,5 and SiiPr3 groups were more clearly separated in NMR spectra. Sequential recrystallization of the esters derived from primary alcohols having quaternary carbon centers gave only one of the diastereomers. Their molecular structures were determined by X-ray analyses.
Using Weather Data and Climate Model Output in Economic Analyses of Climate Change

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Economists are increasingly using weather data and climate model output in analyses of the economic impacts of climate change. This article introduces a set of weather data sets and climate models that are frequently used, discusses the most common mistakes economists make in using these products, and identifies ways to avoid these pitfalls. We first provide an introduction to weather data, including a summary of the types of datasets available, and then discuss five common pitfalls that empirical researchers should be aware of when using historical weather data as explanatory variables in econometric applications. We then provide a brief overview of climate models and discuss two common and significant errors often made by economists when climate model output is used to simulate the future impacts of climate change on an economic outcome of interest.
Relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis and risk of obstructive sleep apnea: A nationwide, population-based study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

This study aimed to assess relationship between OSA risks, as assessed by STOP-Bang questionnaire, and CRS symptoms. This is a cross-sectional study based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). In a low-risk group according to the STOP-Bang questionnaire, 3.1% of subjects were CRS patients. However, a gradual increasing trend was observed among different risk groups. In the higher risk group, CRS patients accounted for 5.3% (P < 0.001). This finding was associated with increased occurrences of snoring, tiredness, and apnea (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.016, respectively). Among the four main symptoms of CRS (nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, facial pain/pressure, and decreased sense of smell), nasal obstruction increased from 4.1% in the low-risk group to 7.3% in the high-risk group (P < 0.001). Patients with a decreased sense of smell accounted for 1.9% in the low-risk group and 3.3% in the high-risk group, demonstrating an association of a decreased sense of smell with an increased risk of OSA (P < 0.001). This study found that the proportion of patients with CRS was significantly higher in the group at a higher risk of OSA. Among symptoms of CRS, nasal obstruction and anosmia were found to be associated with an increased risk of OSA.
Surface air mass origins during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

During the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1) a number of meteorological and atmospheric composition measurements were made to identify anthropogenically impacted conditions and to infer information about air parcels during transport to the sampling point. Radon was used as an indicator of land contact supported by back trajectory calculations; additional information on anthropogenic sources was obtained from the concentrations of condensation nuclei and elemental carbon. A limited extension of the air mass categorization utilizes altitude profiles of potential temperature and water content derived from balloon soundings at the fixed sites. The four surface platforms were found to sample a very similar range of conditions, from very clean marine air masses to those strongly influenced by anthropogenic sources. Although this was expected because the study area is essentially encompassed by the one meteorological system, the precise origins of air masses were usually different for each platform, even, for example, when the Discoverer was within a hundred kilometres of Cape Grim. There was good agreement between the different air mass indicators under conditions when they could be compared. Radon was present when the back trajectory indicated passage over land at low altitude. Vertical profiles of potential temperature and water concentration were generally consistent with the origin of back trajectories. Excursions in the concentrations of condensation nuclei and elemental carbon occurred during periods of elevated radon concentrations when the path from land was short. However, these coincident periods of elevated concentration were rare when there was a long enough time from land for the different processing of each species to take effect.
Taxable Person’s Fundamental Rights in Tax Proceedings: The ECJ and the Italian Jurisprudence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The right to defence under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights applies to the harmonized VAT system. In this article, the authors analyse the Glencore Agriculture Hungary case (C-189/19) with the aim of understanding to what extent and when the right to access to the evidence should be guaranteed in order to ensure the taxable person’s right to defence. In this regard, the authors noticed that the Italian legislation, jurisprudence and practice of the tax authority are not complying with a recent ECJ decision.
Efficiency of case-crossover versus time-series study designs for extreme heat exposures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Time-stratified case-crossover (CC) and Poisson time series (TS) are two popular methods for relating acute health outcomes to time-varying ubiquitous environmental exposures. Our aim is to compare the performance of these methods in estimating associations with rare, extreme heat exposures and mortality—an increasingly relevant exposure in our changing climate. Methods: Daily mortality data were simulated in various scenarios similar to observed Los Angeles County data from 2014 to 2019 (N = 367,712 deaths). We treated observed temperature as either a continuous or dichotomized variable and controlled for day of week and a smooth function of time. Five temperature dichotomization cutoffs between the 80th and 99th percentile were chosen to investigate the effects of extreme heat events. In each of 10,000 simulations, the CC and several TS models with varying degrees of freedom for time were fit to the data. We reported bias, variance, and relative efficiency (ratio of variance for a “reference” TS method to variance of another method) of temperature association estimates. Results: CC estimates had larger uncertainty than TS methods, with the relative efficiency of CC ranging from 91% under the 80th percentile cutoff to 80% under the 99th percentile cutoff. As previously reported, methods best capturing data-generating time trends generally had the least bias. Additionally, TS estimates for observed Los Angeles data were larger with less uncertainty. Conclusions: We provided new evidence that, compared with TS, CC has increasingly poor efficiency for rarer exposures in ecological study settings with shared, regional exposures, regardless of underlying time trends. Analysts should consider these results when applying either TS or CC methods.
Assessment Of Oral Hygiene And Life Style Pattern Among Transgender Population In Tamilnadu

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Dental illnesses are found all around the world. Always good oral hygiene practices can minimize the negative effects of periodontal diseases. Assessing oral hygiene behaviour willhelp in improving their oral health status and also in planning oral health strategies specific to transgender population. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of oral hygiene practices and life style among transgender population residing in Tamilnadu. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the transgenders residing in Tamilnadu. A structured questionnaire was used to get the data regarding oral hygiene practices and lifestyle patterns. Data related to oral hygiene and lifestyle were collected after getting the informed consent from each subject. A total of 250 transgenders were enrolled in this study, of which 81% are using tobacco and majority of them were non-vegetarian. 89% of them were using tooth brush for cleaning teeth and 75% of them had dental problems. Majority (85%) of them had visited dental clinic for their dental problem. Both government and private hospitals are used in equal proportion for their dental treatment. The major reason to visit the dentist was to fill their teeth . . While assessing the life style, most of them were using face cream (71%) to improve their appearance followed by lipstick, eyeliner and nail polish. Most of them were thinking that smile is most important for them than talk due to their voice chance. For abetter smile, they were using lipstick and frequent cleaning of their teeth (74%).Oral health status helps to influence the quality of Life style among the transgender population. They should be educated and motivated to overcome the barriers and seek professional dental help. This necessitates a tailored intervention to satisfy the needs of this population in future.
The Return to Protectionism*

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract After decades of supporting free trade, in 2018 the United States raised import tariffs and major trade partners retaliated. We analyze the short-run impact of this return to protectionism on the U.S. economy. Import and retaliatory tariffs caused large declines in imports and exports. Prices of imports targeted by tariffs did not fall, implying complete pass-through of tariffs to duty-inclusive prices. The resulting losses to U.S. consumers and firms that buy imports was $51 billion, or 0.27% of GDP. We embed the estimated trade elasticities in a general-equilibrium model of the U.S. economy. After accounting for tariff revenue and gains to domestic producers, the aggregate real income loss was $7.2 billion, or 0.04% of GDP. Import tariffs favored sectors concentrated in politically competitive counties, and the model implies that tradeable-sector workers in heavily Republican counties were the most negatively affected due to the retaliatory tariffs. JEL Code: F1.
Comparison of Acidic and Polymeric Agents in Synthesis of TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Nanoparticles via a Modified Sol-Gel Method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

TiO2 nano particles were synthesized in Rutile and Anatase phases by sol-gel method using two kind of complex agents, acidic (Citric Acid) and organic complex agent (acetyl acetone) at 400°C, 500°C, 650°C sintering temperatures. The structural analysis by XRD diffraction confirmed phase formation of titanium oxide. Particles sizes were determined by using Scherrer formula. TEM was employed to confirm nano particles formation. The size of nano particles as well as Phase formation can be controlled by the type of complex agent and sintering temperature. Acetyl Acetone causes a more crystalline structure and more uniformity of size distribution in 400°C sintering temperatures. Moreover, it results in obtaining single phase TiO2 nanoparticles at 400°C and 650°C sintering temperature. On the other hand, at high sintering temperature, the particles obtained from polymeric agent tend to agglomerate larger in size than the acidic product.
Tumor recognition in wireless capsule endoscopy images using textural features and SVM-based feature selection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Tumor in digestive tract is a common disease and wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a relatively new technology to examine diseases for digestive tract especially for small intes-tine. This paper addresses the problem of automatic recognition of tumor for WCE images. Candidate color texture feature that
integrates uniform local binary pattern and wavelet is proposed to characterize WCE images. The proposed features are invariant to illumination change and describe multiresolution characteris-tics of WCE images. Two feature selection approaches based on support vector machine, sequential forward floating selection and recursive feature elimination, are further employed to refine the proposed features for improving the detection accuracy. Extensive experiments validate that the proposed computer-aided diagnosis
system achieves a promising tumor recognition accuracy of 92.4% in WCE images on our collected data.
Index Terms—Feature selection, support vector machine (SVM),
texture, tumor recognition, wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) image.
Structural and optical features of InGaAs quantum dots grown on Si(001) substrates

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A multilayer GaAs/SiGe/Si heterostructure with InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in a GaAs layer was grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on a Si(001) substrate. A step-graded Si1−xGex (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) buffer layer and a GaAs layer with InyGa1 −yAs (y ∼ 0.5) QDs were deposited consecutively in two different MBE systems. The heterostructure exhibits intense photoluminescence in the region of 1.3 μm at room temperature. Perfect crystal InGaAs islands with height less than 10 nm are the sources of this radiation.