jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Computing and evaluating factor scores.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A variety of methods for computing factor scores can be found in the psychological literature. These methods grew out of a historic debate regarding the indeterminate nature of the common factor model. Unfortunately, most researchers are unaware of the indeterminacy issue and the problems associated with a number of the factor scoring procedures. This article reviews the history and nature of factor score indeterminacy. Novel computer programs for assessing the degree of indeterminacy in a given analysis, as well as for computing and evaluating different types of factor scores, are then presented and demonstrated using data from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition. It is argued that factor score indeterminacy should be routinely assessed and reported as part of any exploratory factor analysis and that factor scores should be thoroughly evaluated before they are reported or used in subsequent statistical analyses.
The Catabolism of Plasma Albumin in the Rabbit : Its rate and regulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT From ItSl-albumin studies and previously defined mathematical formulations, rates of breakdown were estimated for native plasma albumin in rabbits. These rates of catabolism per unit weight of animal were remarkably constant and were independent of variations in the steady state values of albumin concentration in the plasma. These results imply that, at least between animals, the breakdown of plasma albumin follows a kinetic process of approximately zero order. It seems plausible that the process operates similarly in individual animals, and hence that albumin is maintained at normal steady state levels in the healthy animal primarily by means of a regulated rate of synthesis.
Assessment of surface water quality in the Sai Gon and Dong Nai Rivers, Vietnam

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Sai Gon and Dong Nai Rivers are important for the social and economic development of Southern Vietnam. They also serve as crucial water supply sources for Ho Chi Minh City and its surrounding provinces. The objectives of the present study are to evaluate the surface water quality of these rivers and to detect the possible sources of pollutants between 2015 and 2019. The study utilized various methods, including single factor evaluation, water quality index (WQI), and principal component analysis (PCA). Water quality data, such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), ammonia (N-NH 4 + ), phosphate (P-PO 4 3- ), and Coliform, from eight monitoring sites along the rivers were used for the evaluation. The results stated that the water quality of the study region generally varied from ‘moderate’ to ‘good’ and had a decreasing trend from the upstream to the downstream during the study period. In addition, PCA results indicated that domestic sewage and industrial wastewater were significant factors affecting water quality in the middle stream of the rivers. The findings of this study can be used by local environmental management authorities to gain insights into water pollution and propose potential solutions for better protection and management of water resources.
Upper and lower bound on delta-crossing number and tabulation of knots

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We will strengthen the known upper and lower bounds on the delta-crossing number of knots in therms of the triple-crossing number. The latter bound turns out to be strong enough to obtain (unknown values of) triple-crossing numbers for a few knots. We also prove that we can always find at least one tangle from the set of four tangles, in any triple-crossing projections of any non-trivial knot or non-split link. In the last section, we enumerate and generate tables of minimal delta-diagrams for all prime knots up to the delta-crossing number equal to four. We also give a concise survey about known inequalities between integer-valued classical knot invariants.
TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION REGARDING PREBIOTICS AND PROBIOTICS NUTRITION VERSUS THE PATENT REGISTERS: WHAT IS NEW?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Food is a key factor both in prevention and in promoting human health. Among the functional food are highlighted probiotics and prebiotics. Patent databases are the main source of technological information about innovation worldwide, providing extensive library for research sector. Objective: Perform mapping in the main patent databases about pre and probiotics, seeking relevant information regarding the use of biotechnology, nanotechnology and genetic engineering in the production of these foods. Method: Electronic consultation was conducted (online) in the main public databases of patents in Brazil (INPI), United States (USPTO) and the European Patent Bank (EPO). The research involved the period from January 2014 to July 2015, being used in the title fields and summary of patents, the following descriptors in INPI "prebiotic", "prebiotic" "probiotics", "probiotic" and the USPTO and EPO: "prebiotic", "prebiotics", "probiotic", "probiotics". Results: This search haven't found any deposit at the brazilian patents website (INPI) in this period; US Patent &Trademark Office had registered 60 titles in patents and the European Patent Office (EPO) showed 10 documents on the issue. Conclusion: Information technology offered by genetic engineering, biotechnology and nanotechnology deposited in the form of titles and abstracts of patents in relation to early nutritional intervention as functional foods, has increasingly required to decrease the risks and control the progression of health problems. But, the existing summaries, although attractive and promising in this sense, are still incipient to recommend them safely as a therapeutic tool. Therefore, they should be seen more as diet elements and healthy lifestyles.
A randomised controlled trial comparing rapid rhino with netcell packs after routine nasal surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives. To determine whether there is a difference in discomfort between Netcell and Rapid Rhino (RR) packs following routine nasal surgery. Methods. LREC approval for the study was granted. Patients aged 16‐‐65 undergoing septal and inferior turbinate surgery, who did not meet the exclusion criteria, were approached for consent to participate in the trial. Post‐operatively, one nasal cavity was packed with Netcell, and the other with Rapid Rhino (a methodological design used by Arya et al. 1 ). The type of pack inserted on the left side was decided using sequentially numbered opaque envelopes, which were block‐randomised in groups of 4 and 8. By default, the pack used for the right nasal cavity was the other type. Nursing staff removed the packs at 7 am the following day. Prior to and immediately following removal, patients recorded their pain scores for each side on a standard 100 mm visual analogue scale. The left pack was always removed first. A power calculation ensured that enough patients were recruited to provide 90% power for a difference in VAS of 10 mm with a se of 20 mm at the 5% significance level. Results. Primary outcome: RR was significantly more painful on removal than netcell (difference = 10.6 mm, P < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed ranks test). Secondary outcome: There was no significant difference in mean VAS for the packs in situ . One Netcell pack was removed due to bleeding, and replaced with Merocel. Conclusion. The packs are equally comfortable in situ , and RR is more painful on removal. Reference 1 Arya A.K., Butt O. & Nigam A. (2003) Double‐blind randomised controlled trial comparing Merocel with rapid rhino nasal packs after routine nasal surgery. Rhinology 41 , 241‐‐243
Internet of Things: A Review of Surveys Based on Context Aware Intelligent Services

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Internet of Things (IoT) has made it possible for devices around the world to acquire information and store it, in order to be able to use it at a later stage. However, this potential opportunity is often not exploited because of the excessively big interval between the data collection and the capability to process and analyse it. In this paper, we review the current IoT technologies, approaches and models in order to discover what challenges need to be met to make more sense of data. The main goal of this paper is to review the surveys related to IoT in order to provide well integrated and context aware intelligent services for IoT. Moreover, we present a state-of-the-art of IoT from the context aware perspective that allows the integration of IoT and social networks in the emerging Social Internet of Things (SIoT) term.
The Outbreak of World War I

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Arguably the best case study to comprehensively illustrate the dynamics of the impact of the combination of the level of generalized social trust, major power status, and economic growth identified as key factors determining the onset of militarized interstate disputes in the quantitative analyses above is the interaction of European major powers leading up to the outbreak of World War I. With the centennial of the outbreak of the First World War rapidly approaching, it is perhaps appropriate to reflect on the causes of that system-altering conflict, all the more so as many of the factors that contributed to its outbreak persist even to this day. Although the quantitative portion of this project dealt with militarized interstate disputes rather than wars, it must be noted that wars are almost invariably preceded by such disputes, which then escalate until they pass the war threshold. Such was the case during the fateful events of 1914.KeywordsNational IdentitySocial TrustPublic Good ProvisionGerman StateMajor PowerThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Effects of Moose Movement and Habitat Use on GPS Collar Performance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We tested a radiotelemetry collar that uses a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit to calculate animal locations. We placed the collar in a range of cover types and compared locations reported by the collar to differentially-corrected GPS locations. We placed the collar on a free-ranging moose (Alces alces) and determined how selection of cover types, collar movement, and collar orientation affected GPS locations. On or off the moose, the GPS unit collected a location in >90% of location attempts in areas with no or thin canopy cover, including mature deciduous canopies in winter. Under a mature conifer canopy or a mature deciduous canopy in summer, 60 to 70% of location attempts were successful. Locations from the GPS unit in the collar were close to the expected precision of non-differentially corrected GPS (within 40 m 50% of the time and 100 m 95% of the time). Locations did not have a directional bias. Movement of the moose while a location was being attempted did not affect GPS locations. The moose occasionally laid down so the collar was horizontal. Although this decreased the success of location attempts, <1% of location attempts were so affected. GPS radiotelemetry has great promise for expanding our knowledge about hourly, daily, and annual patterns in animal movements and habitat selection.
Universal and High-Speed Zeptomolar Protein Serum Assay with Unprecedented Sensitivity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The accurate detection of trace protein biomarkers is critical for disease diagnosis, healthcare, and pathology research. Currently, the main predicaments of techniques are low sensitivity, prolonged procedures, and the need for specialized devices. Moreover, multistep handling and nonspecific biofouling can lead to high background noise and false positives. To overcome these barriers, a novel ultrasensitive electrochemical platform was developed by combining an electrochemistry approach with the silver mirror reaction to detect proteins at the zeptomolar level. This assay can be accomplished in about only 18 min. As a proof of the concept, human immunoglobulin G (h-IgG) as a model analyte exhibited an ultralow detection limit of 6.31 ag mL-1 (0.04 zeptomoles mL-1). This strategy can be exploited as a universal approach for the ultrasensitive detection of various proteins in clinical diagnostics and point-of-care testing.
Implementation of an infection control program with emphasis on cohorting to patients with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The experience of 2 years in a tertiary teaching hospital in northern Portugal

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: The emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) represents a major public health threat. Our purpose was to evaluate a surveillance and cohorting program implemented in patients infected or carriers of CPE. Methods: A prospective registry of CPE carriers or infected patients was analyzed from October 2015 until December 2017. All inpatients presenting with CPE were included in a hospital cohort with dedicated healthcare staff and contact precaution measures. Results: A total of 480 patients were identified, of which 15.8% (n = 76) were infected. Men comprised 56.7% of the cohort (n = 272) and 69.2% (n = 332) were elderly. About 46.3% (n = 222) had a previous hospital admission and 81.7% (n = 392) had at least 1 antibiotic course in the previous 90 days. There was a decline in infected patients in 2017. Periodic and admission screenings accounted for 63% and 74% of cases in 2016 and 2017, with increased detection rate comparing with contact/investigation screenings. In 2017, significantly fewer patients were identified outside the admission/point of prevalence screening ( P = .009). In 2017 the proportion of invasive carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae amongst CPE in our center was below the national average (2016: 13.3% vs 5.2%; 2017: 6.6% vs 8.6%). A reduction of the consumption of carbapenems was also observed in 2017. Conclusion: The implementation of the program has increased the number of patients identified by the preventive method and stabilized the emergence of new CPE cases. Furthermore, the program cohort compared well with the national picture, with a lower number of infected patients and a lower proportion of carbapenem-resistant K pneumoniae in invasive specimens. These indicators reflect the added value of the CPE surveillance and cohorting program.
Subpoenaing Luther on Questions of Polygyny

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The study discussed debatable questions of Martin Luther’s support of polygyny, which are considered perennial enough to warrant a rejoinder of curricular relevance to Biblical Christianity and theology from a contemporary African perspective. Accordingly, the study proposed that establishing an effective understanding of the debatable points against polygyny is necessary for developing Biblical theology curricular tools for deliberating on Luther’s stand in support of polygyny. The study pursued two purposes. Purpose 1: to consider the historical grounds for a contemporaneous subpoena to Luther on perennial questions of polygyny. These are the grounds upon which a proxy rejoinder can be delimited to facilitate formal learning exercises, via the curriculum of Biblical theology in Africa. Purpose 2: to address the contemporaneous submissions of the church in Africa against polygyny in support of the historical grounds for subpoenaing Luther on perennial questions of polygyny, upon which a proxy rejoinder can be delimited for treatment via the curriculum of Biblical theology in Africa. The study was facilitated by the qualitative research methodology, via which primary historical documents were examined primarily using the documentary analytical method. A key conclusion of the study is that learners and teachers, as participants in the Biblical theology course, are both responsible for the success of the curriculum. When controversial issues (such as polygyny in Christianity) arise in the teaching-learning process in a Biblical theology class, all kinds of considerations are usually engaged for and/or against it. Therefore, course participants need to be equipped with the skills of discussing these considerations, to guard the debate from getting derailed. A fundamental recommendation from the study is that there is a need to reformulate the curriculum for Biblical theology in African theological schools, with Biblical marriages (monogamy and polygyny) as one of those controversial issues to be addressed by the curriculum.
Intraspecific Variability and Phenetic Relationships of <i>Centella Asiatica</i> (L.) Urb. Accessions from Central Java Based on Morphological Characters’

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. is a plant species native to Java and one of the main basic materials in traditional and modern medicine. This study is the first to report the intraspecific variation and taxonomic relationships of C. asiatica accession from natural populations in Central Java. The purpose of this study was to reveal phenotypic variations of C. asiatica populations and to asses phenetic relationships based on morphological characters. Thirty-two accessions of C. asiatica were collected from natural populations from eight mountains in Central Java. Observation on vegetative organs resulted in 25 morphological characters as a basis for assessing phenetic relationships using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Result of cluster analysis showed that the grouping of accessions was not correlated to the localities from where the samples were collected, although there was a tendency that accessions from the same localities grouped in one cluster. The results of this study confirmed the existence of intraspecies morphological variability in C. asiatica which was not affected by geographical aspects. Results of principal component analysis indicated that the grouping of accessions was mainly determined by similarities in petiole color, stolon color, leaf margin, petiole length, stolon length, and leaf color. Given that the characters contributing to the grouping of accessions were mainly qualitative characters, the results indicated a genetic basis underlying phenotypic variations of C. asiatica accession.
The Effect of Whole Body Vibration Training and Detraining Periods on Neuromuscular Performance in Male Older People

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluatethe the effect of eight weeks whole body vibration training (WBVT) and detraining periods on neuromuscular performance male healthy older people. Methods & Materials: Thirty male subjects (70±9.6 years old) were randomly allocated into two groups of WBVT and control (n=15 per group). Timed Up & Go and 5-Chair stand tests, as indicators of neuromuscular performance in older subjects, were taken as pretest and posttest and also after four, six, and eight weeks of detraining. Results: Results of Repeated-measure ANOVA and one-way ANOVA showed that neuromuscular performance improved significantly in WBVT group (P<0.05). There were also significant differences between posttest and six and eight weeks of detraining periods in WBVTgroup (P<0.05). Conclusion: WBVT could affect neuromuscular performance in healthy subjects and reduce the probability of falling among them. However, the effects of this training are not persistent, goes back to the early levels after six weeks of detraining. Hence, it is possible that WBVT can be recommended as a safe balance training to older people.
PREPARATIVE SEPARATION OF TERTIARY ALKALOIDS FROM CORYDALIS YANHUSUO W. T. WANG BY pH-ZONE-REFINING COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Preparative separation of alkaloids from the crude extract of Corydalis yanhusuo by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography was successfully performed, The method used a biphasic solvent system composed of methyl-tert-butyl ether-acetonitrile-water (2:2:3, v/v), in which the organic phase containing 10 mM of triethylamine was used as a retainer in the stationary phase, while the aqueous phase containing 5 mM of hydrochloric acid as an eluter was used as the mobile phase. In the present study, 80 mg of glaucine, 41 mg of tetrahydropalmatine, and 67 mg of corydaline were separated from 1.16 g of the crude sample of C. yanhusuo with purity of 91.4%, 84.3%, and 98.2%, respectively. The structures of alkaloids were identified by 1H NMR and 13C NMR.
A Hidden Oral Lesion

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A 60-year-old man with a 10-pack-year smoking history was seen in the Oral surgery clinic for pain upon tongue movement especially with eating. A physical examination revealed a 1 cm by 3 cm exophytic mixed red and white lesion in the floor of the mouth and the ventral surface of the tongue extending posteriorly on the right side (Figure 1). On palpation, this was tender, firm, fixed, sessile with raised areas and rolled margins. Differential diagnoses included a squamous cell carcinoma or benign lesions such as verruca vulgaris or a squamous papilloma.
Challenges of ligand identification for the second wave of orphan riboswitch candidates

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Orphan riboswitch candidates are noncoding RNA motifs whose representatives are believed to function as genetic regulatory elements, but whose target ligands have yet to be identified. The study of certain orphans, particularly classes that have resisted experimental validation for many years, has led to the discovery of important biological pathways and processes once their ligands were identified. Previously, we highlighted details for four of the most common and intriguing orphan riboswitch candidates. This facilitated the validation of riboswitches for the signaling molecules c-di-AMP, ZTP, and ppGpp, the metal ion Mn2+, and the metabolites guanidine and PRPP. Such studies also yield useful linkages between the ligands sensed by the riboswitches and numerous biochemical pathways. In the current report, we describe the known characteristics of 30 distinct classes of orphan riboswitch candidates - some of which have remained unsolved for over a decade. We also discuss the prospects for uncovering novel biological insights via focused studies on these RNAs. Lastly, we make recommendations for experimental objectives along the path to finding ligands for these mysterious RNAs.