jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P213 Positive drivers and potential barriers to implementation of hospital at home selected by low risk decaf score

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background

Despite endorsement in guidelines, many hospitals do not offer hospital at home (HAH) for COPD exacerbation (AECOPD), partly reflecting the previous lack of a robust prognostic score to guide selection. The DECAF score addresses this concern, and should be routinely scored on admission.1 In a RCT we have shown that HAH selected by DECAF score 0–1 is safe and effective. Up to 50% of admitted patients are suitable. Our population included patients with higher medical dependency than earlier trials and HAH was supported by 24/7 specialist on-call. In an embedded qualitative study, we identified positive drivers for, and potential barriers to, use of HAH to inform service implementation.

Methods

Patients, carers, clinicians and managers were purposely selected to ensure diversity. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and Thematic-Construct Analysis employed.2

Results

44 patients (HAH/inpatient care/declined randomisation), 15 carers, 14 consultants, 11 specialist nurses and 4 managers were interviewed. ‘Positive drivers’ were divided into two sub-constructs: ‘Feeling more at ease and comfortable in own home environment’; and ‘Feeling safe, reassured and appreciated through continuity of hospital care’. Positive influences on independence, perceived rate of recovery, sleep quality, mood and contact with friends and family were noted. At 14 days post-presentation, 90% of patients stated they would prefer HAH over inpatient care for subsequent exacerbations of similar severity. Counter-intuitively, carers reported greater convenience rather than increased burden. ‘Potential Barriers’ were grouped into two sub-constructs: ‘Personal preferences’; and ‘Resistance to change’. Some patients highlighted fear of being alone at night and dislike of strangers visiting their home; nurses cited higher workload and greater responsibility (with experience, viewed positively); whilst operational concerns included keeping medical records in a patient’s home and inability to capture activity within current payment systems.

Conclusions

HAH selected by DECAF allows the inclusion of more patients than existing models, and is preferred to inpatient care by most patients and their families. During the trial few barriers to implementation were identified, and were effectively overcome. Hospitals planning to implement HAH selected by DECAF should pre-emptively address these issues.

References

National COPD Audit Report, 2015. Dismore. J Health psychol, 2016.
Effect of early stage hyperglycemia on prognosis in patients with acute craniocerebral injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

【Objective】To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on prognosis in patients with acute craniocerebral injury.【Methods】The level of blood glucose was monitored in 57 cases of craniocerebral injury who had no history of diabetes or important extracranial complications.The relationship between the level of blood glucose and the degrees of injury as well as the prognosis was analyzed.【Results】Patients with mild(GCS 13～15),moderate(GCS 9～12) or severe(GCS 3～8) traumatic brain injury showed hyperglycemia at different level,and the level of blood glucose was consistent with the degree of injury.The average blood glucose level of patients with moderate traumatic brain injury was significantly higher than that of patients with mild traumatic brain injury(P 0.05).The average blood glucose level of patients with severe traumatic brain injury was significantly higher than that of patients with mild or moderate traumatic brain injury(P 0.05).The death rate of patients with blood glucose11.1 mmol/L was significantly higher than that of patients with blood glucose11.1 mmol/L(P 0.05).The blood glucose level of non-survivors was significantly higher than that of survivors(P 0.05).【Conclusion】Hyperglycemia reflects the severity of traumatic brain injury,which can be used as an early and simple indicator of prognosis.
Performance Analysis of Different Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Models with Optimizers in Detecting Tuberculosis (TB) from Various Chest X-ray Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 infectious disease-related deaths. This paper uses Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to investigate the accuracy and performance of three pre-trained models with different optimizers and loss functions to diagnose tuberculosis based on the patient's chest X-ray scans. The odds of treating and curing tuberculosis (TB) are better if the disease is diagnosed early in a patient. Early detection of tuberculosis could lead to a decreased overall mortality rate. The best and quickest way to identify tuberculosis is to look at the patient's chest X-Ray image (CXR). A qualified professional Radiologist is required to make an accurate diagnosis. But do not have qualified doctor or radiologist everywhere. On the other hand, it is quite difficult for a doctor or radiologist to diagnose from any x-ray images with open eyes. 914 normal chest x-ray images and 892 TB infected images were used from different sources to train and evaluate these images to detect the exact x-ray of Tuberculosis infected people. Different famous pre-trained models like VGG16, InceptionV3 and Xception etc. were applied. Approximately 80% of the data was used for training and the remaining 20% was used for validation. From all of these datasets, randomly 190 images from normal and 180 images from TB chest x-ray images have been taken. Those randomized 370 (190 for TB and 180 for normal) images were used to evaluate the data finally. Performance of different algorithm like VGG16, InceptionV3 and Xception by applying different optimizers (Adam, Adadelta, Adagrad, Adamax, RMSprop, Nadam, SGD), different loss functions (Binary Cross Entropy, Hinge, Squared Hinge), varying input image size and also varying batch size were also been recorded. Note that, huge variations of performance for different combinations of algorithm, optimizer, loss function, input image size, batch size have been observed. Confusion matrix, precision, recall, f1-score value have also been recorded to understand and justify how accurately the model is predicting the disease from different angles.
Comprehensive analysis of Cubesat electrical power systems for efficient energy management

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The new space movement has seen a rise since the last decade, thanks to CubeSats, which are affordable with fast development times and ease of deployment. One of the major subsystems in a CubeSat is the Electrical Power System (EPS), which generates, stores, and distributes electrical power to various subsystems of CubeSats. The first step in ensuring a productive CubeSat mission is to choose an efficient EPS design. This article’s primary goal is to provide a comprehensive review of all traditional and evolving CubeSat EPS systems. EPS designs have been divided into four types, and the operational elements of these architectures as well as a qualitative comparison have been provided. In addition, in this comprehensive review, CubeSat’s EPS is presented with some prospective research areas for future research work and invention.
Integrative Analysis of Gene Expression and miRNAs Reveal Biological Pathways Associated with Bud Paradormancy and Endodormancy in Grapevine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Transition of grapevine buds from paradormancy to endodormancy is coordinated by changes in gene expression, phytohormones, transcription factors, and other molecular regulators, but the mechanisms involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of dormancy stages are not well delineated. To identify potential regulatory targets, an integrative analysis of differential gene expression profiles and their inverse relationships with miRNA abundance was performed in paradormant (long day (LD) 15 h) or endodormant (short day (SD), 13 h) Vitis riparia buds. There were 400 up- and 936 downregulated differentially expressed genes in SD relative to LD buds. Gene set and gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that hormone signaling and cell cycling genes were downregulated in SD relative to LD buds. miRNA abundance and inverse expression analyses of miRNA target genes indicated increased abundance of miRNAs that negatively regulate genes involved with cell cycle and meristem development in endodormant buds and miRNAs targeting starch metabolism related genes in paradormant buds. Analysis of interactions between abundant miRNAs and transcription factors identified a network with coinciding regulation of cell cycle and epigenetic regulation related genes in SD buds. This network provides evidence for cross regulation occurring between miRNA and transcription factors both upstream and downstream of MYB3R1.
Investigation of On-Chip Soft-Ferrite-Integrated Inductors for RF ICs—Part II: Experiments

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report the systematic study and design optimization of CMOS-compatible on-chip ferrite-integrated inductors, including detailed quantitative analysis by simulation and circuit modeling, new ferrite fabrication and characterization, ferrite-integrated-inductor design, measurement, and optimization. A new ferrite nanopowder-mixed-photoresist spin-coating/inkjetting technique is discussed. The design and characterization of ferrite-integrated inductors with various ferrite-filling structures are presented. Measurement shows substantial improvement of up to +160% in inductance ( L ) and + 220% in quality factor ( Q ) across the multigigahertz frequency spectrum with a self-resonance frequency ( f 0 ) over 20 GHz for the new ferrite-integrated inductors. This study clearly suggests that the new ferrite-integrated inductor technique is a potential solution to the realization of radio-frequency systems-on-a-chip requiring high-performance compact on-chip inductors. This work is presented in two parts. Part I discusses the design and simulation of ferrite-integrated inductors. This paper is Part II, presenting experimental results for material research and device implementation.
Satellite-based tracking of slow-moving landslides: challenges and perspectives

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Slow-moving landslides represent a significant hazard to local communities and infrastructure in mountainous regions worldwide. Given their challenging and often inaccessible terrain, satellite imagery holds great potential for monitoring landslides from space. In this study we use optical data from Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope satellites for tracing surface displacement across slow-moving landslides through image cross-correlation. Our work particularly focuses on the variables affecting measurement precision, including orthorectification errors and mismatches due to variable shading or seasonal snow cover. Erroneous measurements can be reduced when image pairs are carefully selected based on their view angles and sun positions. This practice, however, severely limits the number of potential image pairs, resulting in disconnected networks of displacement maps. This in turn poses problems when solving for a displacement time series using an inversion technique. Here, we evaluate the effect of network connectivity and measurement noise on inversion results using both synthetic and real-world data. Our findings support the extraction of accurate displacement estimates from remotely sensed data, advancing the detection potential of landslides and their dynamic behaviors.&#160;
MAIN FEATURES OF CUSTOMS REGULATION OF CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN THE INTERNET-SPACE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Салимоненко Екатерина Николаевна, старший преподаватель кафедры таможенного дела Высшей школы экономики и управления, Южно-Уральский государственный университет (г. Челябинск), salimonenkoen@susu.ru. Фролова Виктория Александровна, ассистент кафедры таможенного дела Высшей школы экономики и управления, Южно-Уральский государственный университет (г. Челябинск), viktorija.20@ yandex.ru. E.N. Salimonenko, V.A. Frolova South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Discovering Interpretable Ordinary Differential Equations from Noisy Data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The data-driven discovery of interpretable models approximating the underlying dynamics of a physical system has gained attraction in the past decade. Current approaches employ pre-specified functional forms or basis functions and often result in models that lack physical meaning and interpretability, let alone represent the true physics of the system. We propose an unsupervised parameter estimation methodology that first finds an approximate general solution, followed by a spline transformation to linearly estimate the coefficients of the governing ordinary differential equation (ODE). The approximate general solution is postulated using the same functional form as the analytical solution of a general homogeneous, linear, constant-coefficient ODE. An added advantage is its ability to produce a high-fidelity, smooth functional form even in the presence of noisy data. The spline approximation obtains gradient information from the functional form which are linearly independent and creates the basis of the gradient matrix. This gradient matrix is used in a linear system to find the coefficients of the ODEs. From the case studies, we observed that our modeling approach discovers ODEs with high accuracy and also promotes sparsity in the solution without using any regularization techniques. The methodology is also robust to noisy data and thus allows the integration of data-driven techniques into real experimental setting for data-driven learning of physical phenomena.
Investigation of the Neural Target Level of Hyperthyroidism in Premature Ejaculation in a Rat Model of Pharmacologically Induced Ejaculation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction Association between hyperthyroidism and premature ejaculation was demonstrated in clinical studies. Aim The aim of this study is to determine the target level of changes on ejaculatory physiology under hyperthyroid states. Methods p-Chloroamphetamine (PCA)-induced pharmacologic ejaculation model with 24 male Wistar rats was used in the study. Subcutaneous injection of L-thyroxine for 14 days was performed to induce hyperthyroidism. At the end of the injection period, thyroid hormone status was evaluated by serum thyroid-stimulating hormone measurements in all rats. At the beginning of the operations, complete spinal transections (tx) at the T8-T9 level were performed to half of the L-thyroxine-injected and control group rats. Thus, experimental groups were constructed as follows: Group 1—control-spinal intact (n = 6), group 2—control-spinal tx (n = 6), group 3—hyperthyroid-spinal intact (n = 6), and group 4—hyperthyroid-spinal tx (n = 6). Ejaculatory responses were recorded before and 30 minutes after intraperitoneal administration of 5 mg/kg PCA. Main Outcome Measures During the operations, seminal vesicle (SV) catheterization and bulbospongiosus (BS) muscle dissections were performed in all rats to demonstrate SV pressure (SVP) BS electromyographic (EMG) activity changes. Results Following PCA administration SVP tonic amplitude, SV phasic contraction (SVPC) frequency, SVPC maximal amplitude, and BS EMG area under curve values were higher in hyperthyroid intact rats than in control intact rats. The time interval between PCA administration and first ejaculation of hyperthyroid intact rats were significantly shorter than control intact rats (261 ± 7.30 seconds vs. 426 ± 49.6 seconds, P = 0.008). All of the changes in the ejaculatory parameters that were induced by hyperthyroidism were completely resolved after spinal transections at the T8-T9 level in group 4. Conclusion In this study, we confirmed the recent data that hyperthyroidism affects both the emission and expulsion phases of ejaculation. The changes that were induced by hyperthyroidism on ejaculatory physiology probably take place in the supraspinal centers above T8 level.
Tissue specific differences in insulin receptor characteristics in the mature bovine animal

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Insulin is believed to play a key role in the partitioning of nutrients towards fat and protein deposition. The biological effects of insulin are a function of plasma insulin concentration, insulin-receptor concentration and the affinity of the receptor. The number and affinity of insulin receptors on adipocytes differs between genetically lean and obese pigs (Camara and Mourot, 1996) while receptor number, but not affinity, was shown to differ in a variety of bovine muscles (Boge et al., 1995). The objective of the current work was to determine if insulin receptor affinity and number vary between the principal target tissues (i.e. liver, muscle and adipose tissue) in the bovine animal. Five Charolais-cross steers were offered grass silage ad libitum from 18 months of age until slaughter, at 701± 22.9 kg, at a commercial abattoir. Samples of liver [L], of two skeletal muscles [Ml, M3] and of subcutaneous [S], omental [0]and renal [R] fats were taken as soon as possible after slaughter (typically <30min for L, M3, S and O and <45min for Mland R), wrapped and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen prior to storage at -70 °. Insulin receptors were partially purified by solubilising tissues in 1% Triton X-100 for 24 hours at 4 °C followed by centrifugation (100000 x g, lh, 4°) and affinity chromatography of the supernatants on 0.5 ml wheatgerm agglutinin Sepharose 6MB columns. Bound receptors were eluted from the column with 0.3M N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Receptor binding was assessed using a tracer amount of A-14 125 I-insulin (∼35 pM) and increasing concentrations of unlabelled insulin (0-10 μM) in a total volume of 150 μl of pH 7.4 buffer as described by Magri et al (1990).
2016 Laboratory guidelines for postvasectomy semen analysis: Association of Biomedical Andrologists, the British Andrology Society and the British Association of Urological Surgeons

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Post-vasectomy semen analysis (PVSA) is the procedure used to establish whether sperm are present in the semen following a vasectomy. PVSA is presently carried out by a wide variety of individuals, ranging from doctors and nurses in general practitioner (GP) surgeries to specialist scientists in andrology laboratories, with highly variable results. Key recommendations are that: (1) PVSA should take place a minimum of 12 weeks after surgery and after a minimum of 20 ejaculations. (2) Laboratories should routinely examine samples within 4 h of production if assessing for the presence of sperm. If non-motile sperm are observed, further samples must be examined within 1 h of production. (3) Assessment of a single sample is acceptable to confirm vasectomy success if all recommendations and laboratory methodology are met and no sperm are observed. Clearance can then be given. (4) The level for special clearance should be <100 000/mL non-motile sperm. Special clearance cannot be provided if any motile sperm are observed and should only be given after assessment of two samples in full accordance with the methods contained within these guidelines. Surgeons are responsible both preoperatively and postoperatively for the counselling of patients and their partners regarding complications and the possibility of late recanalisation after clearance. These 2016 guidelines replace the 2002 British Andrology Society (BAS) laboratory guidelines and should be regarded as definitive for the UK in the provision of a quality PVSA service, accredited to ISO 15189:2012, as overseen by the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS).
The role of the interaction of osteoblasts and osteocytes in vivo and during the process of osteodifferentiation in vitro in the key of further prospects of application for the purposes of regenerative medicine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pathologies associated with impaired bone homeostasis, including osteoporosis, are among the leading diseases in terms of mortality. The development and implementation of tissue engineering approaches based on the use of human mesenchymal stem cells promises to become a highly effective method for their therapy. However, the fundamental cellular mechanism, which is associated with the development of bone diseases, require an additional study. Interactions between osteoblasts and osteocytes of bone tissue undoubtedly plays an important role in maintaining a balance between the processes of bone formation and resorption and involved in the pathogenesis of certain diseases. For more in-depth understanding of the various aspects of these interactions, a representative model is needed. In contrast to cell cultures obtained from the tissues of animal models, the employment of human mesenchymal stem cell cultures reflects more accurately the physiological and phenotypical nuances in human bone. The possibility of creating systems for the co-cultivation of osteoblasts and osteocytes derived from human mesenchymal stem cells and their application in the context of translational medicine is in the focus of this review.
Cardiorespiratory and metabolic effects in men on the South Polar Plateau

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dyspnea, anorexia, insomnia, and headaches are frequent symptoms in visitors to the South Pole. Intense cold, low humidity, altitude, and isolation are the major stresses. This study was undertaken to explore the mechanisms of symptoms and the physiological changes in man after arrival at the pole and during the course of one year there. Arterial hypoxia, hyperventilation, and erythrocytosis occurred as anticipated in the high-altitude environment. Exposure to intense cold resulted in little evidence of airway obstruction. Carboxyhemoglobin was present in significant amounts, even in nonsmokers, and may be related to inadequate ventilation of the underground living quarters. These factors and their relationship to isolation, dietary restriction, the sixmonth day-night cycle, and other stresses may be important in the production of symptoms at the pole.
Re-descriptions of two Meyrick's types of Elachista (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae) from the Sub-Saharan Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two Elachistidae species (Elachista delocharis Meyrick & E. semophanta Meyrick) from the Sub-Saharan Africa are redescribed based on their holotypes; their genitalia are figured for the first time. A provisional checklist of Elachistidae species of the region is provided with all systematic combinations and references.
Selection of sunflower and its mixtures on the permafrost soil of Central Yakutia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Relevance. For the development of the main branch of agriculture in Yakutia — animal husbandry, one of the most pressing problems is the availability of feed. The article presents the results of research conducted at the Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture. Methods. Scientific research on the selection of sunflower mixtures with promising forage crops was carried out at site 30 “A“(on the basis of the laboratory of feed production of the YANIISKH) on the second over-floodplain terrace of the Lena River in 2018-2019. Results. The results of research on the growth and development of forage crops, the formation of yield, chemical composition and nutritional value of sunflower and its mixtures with promising annual crops are presented. High indicators for the development and yield of the tested crops were provided by sunflower mixed with corn 42.7 t/ha of green mass and sunflower mixed with Sudan grass 40.2 t/ha of green mass. The terms of sowing and harvesting of sunflower and its mixtures on permafrost soils are determined — sowing — the first decade of June, harvesting-the second decade of August before early-autumn frosts in the phase of mass flowering and throwing out panicles of the tested forage crops.