jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Acoustic analysis of English tense and lax vowels: Comparing the production between Mandarin Chinese learners and native English speakers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study investigated how 40 Chinese learners of English as a foreign language (EFL learners) differed from 40 native English speakers in the production of four English tense-lax contrasts, /i-ɪ/, /u-ʊ/, /ɑ-ʌ/, and /æ-ε/, by examining the acoustic measurements of duration, the first three formant frequencies, and the slope of the first formant movement (F1 slope). The dynamic formant trajectory was modeled using discrete cosine transform coefficients to demonstrate the time-varying properties of formant trajectories. A discriminant analysis was employed to illustrate the extent to which Chinese EFL learners relied on different acoustic parameters. This study found that: (1) Chinese EFL learners overemphasized durational differences and weakened spectral differences for the /i-ɪ/, /u-ʊ/, and /ɑ-ʌ/ pairs, although they maintained sufficient spectral differences for /æ-ε/. In contrast, native English speakers predominantly used spectral differences across all four pairs; (2) in non-low tense-lax contrasts, unlike native English speakers, Chinese EFL learners failed to exhibit different F1 slope values, indicating a non-nativelike tongue-root placement during the articulatory process. The findings underscore the contribution of dynamic spectral patterns to the differentiation between English tense and lax vowels, and reveal the influence of precise articulatory gestures on the realization of the tense-lax contrast.
Lost in Translation: How Does Bilingualism Shape Reader Preferences for Annotated Charts?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Visualizations are powerful tools for conveying information but often rely on accompanying text for essential context and guidance. This study investigates the impact of annotation patterns on reader preferences and comprehension accuracy among multilingual populations, addressing a gap in visualization research. We conducted experiments with two groups fluent in English and either Tamil (n = 557) or Arabic (n = 539) across six visualization types, each varying in annotation volume and semantic content. Full-text annotations yielded the highest comprehension accuracy across all languages, while preferences diverged: English readers favored highly annotated charts, whereas Tamil/Arabic readers preferred full-text or minimally annotated versions. Semantic variations in annotations (L1-L4) did not significantly affect comprehension, demonstrating the robustness of text comprehension across languages. English annotations were generally preferred, with a tendency to think technically in English linked to greater aversion to non-English annotations, though this diminished among participants who regularly switched languages internally. Non-English annotations incorporating visual or external knowledge were less favored, particularly in titles. Our findings highlight cultural and educational factors influencing perceptions of visual information, underscoring the need for inclusive annotation practices for diverse linguistic audiences. All data and materials are available at: https://osf.io/ckdb4/.
Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Feedlot Cattle Fed Ensiled Soybean Straw Treated with Various Alkalis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A beef growing-finishing study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding ensiled chopped soybean straw (SBS) (35% dry matter) treated with various alkalis on performance carcass characteristics. Concentrations of alkalis used in the diets were either 0 (control) or 4% (w/w) of the straw dry matter. A fescue hay (FH) diet was used as a positive control. Thirty-five Angus and Hereford steer and heifer calves averaging 202 kg body weight were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups. Treatments were: (1) water, (2) NaOH, (3) Ca(OH)2, (4) NH4OH, and (5) FH. The diets were fed 141 days including a 21-day adaptation period. Sodium hydroxide and Ca(OH)2 treatments decreased (P < 0.05) the organic matter concentration while the NH4OH increased (P < 0.05) the nitrogen level of the straw. Alkali treatments decreased (P < 0.05) the acid detergent fiber (ADF) and increased (P < 0.05) the hemicellulose contents of the straw compared to the water treatment. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences among final weights and average daily gain of animals fed alkali treated forage and those fed fescue hay. Average dry matter intake and feed:grain ratio did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. Also, alkali treatments increased (P < 0.05) carcass weight compared the water treatment, whereas other carcass characteristics did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. Cattle fed the NH4OH treated SBS had the highest (P < 0.05) plasma urea-N (PUN) and ruminal ammonia-N concentrations than those fed the other treatments. Plasma urea-N did not differ (P > 0.05) among cattle fed SBS treated with NaOH, Ca(OH)2 or water and those fed FH diets. Ruminal ammonia-N concentrations were the lowest (P < 0.05) for cattle fed NaOH treated SBS. Ruminal pH value was the lowest (P < 0.05) for cattle fed the ensiled control compared to the other treatment groups. Alkali treatments did not (P > 0.05) affect the molar concentrations of VFAs. Molar proportion of acetate was higher (P < 0.05) for animals fed NaOH treated SBS than for those fed the water treatment. Molar proportion of propionate, butyrate, valerate, as well as acetate:propionate ratio did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments.
Cardiac regeneration: where are we in 2016?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiac regeneration is the mechanism through which the heart replaces myocytes that have been destroyed, most often by a pathological process, by new myocytes. Major advances have been accomplished regarding this mechanism during the past years, especially by studying natural cardiac regeneration occurring in the zebrafish or in the mouse in utero and during the first few post-natal days. Indeed, in mammals, the possibility of cardiac regeneration stops shortly after birth because cardiac myocytes become locked in a so-called terminally differentiated state that prevents them from entering back into the cell cycle and especially from dividing into two daughter cells. The main knowledge obtained during the past few years is that cardiac regeneration occurs from mature cardiac myocytes – and not to any significant extent from cardiac stem cells – that dedifferentiate and reenter the cell cycle. An increasing number of cells, proteins, nucleic acids, especially microRNAs, which block, or on the contrary favor this process is being described, offering the perspective of potential new therapeutic targets to stimulate cardiac regeneration, especially after a myocardial infarction, and therefore to prevent maladaptive cardiac remodeling.
Volatile Profile of Grilled Lamb as Affected by Castration and Age at Slaughter in Two Breeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effect of castration and slaughter age on the volatile profile of cooked meat from Scottish Blackface (SB) and Texel × Scottish Blackface (T × SB) lambs. M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum was sampled at slaughter and subjected to volatile analysis by SPME‐GC‐MS. Rams had higher relative proportions, expressed as relative abundance (RA), in lipid oxidation products while castrates had higher RA in pyrazines and benzenoid compounds. There was no consistent age effect on the RA of volatiles, although rams in November and January had a different volatile profile to castrates. There were higher proportions of free branched‐chain fatty acids in muscle from SB compared to T × SB lambs. Overall, the results showed that production factors affected the volatile profile of cooked lamb meat which may explain differences in lamb flavor. Practical Application Lamb meat has a characteristic flavor which, according to the evidence to date, may be influenced by farm production factors like gender or slaughter age. Our results showed variations in the proportions of some flavor compounds in cooked lamb between rams and castrated lambs while an increase in slaughter age did not have a consistent effect on proportions of compounds.
Regulatory mechanism of hormones of the pituitary-target gland axes in kidney-Yang deficiency based on a support vector machine model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Imbalances in mutual regulation among the hormones of the pituitary-target gland axes, especially loss of effectiveness of the pituitary-adrenal axis, is one pathogenesis of kidney-Yang deficiency. The SVR model can accurately reflect the complicated non-linear relationships among pituitary-target gland axes in rats with of kidney-Yang deficiency.
Mitochondrial ROS Release and Subsequent Akt Activation Potentially Mediated the Anti-Apoptotic Effect of a 50-Hz Magnetic Field on FL Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background/Aims: Our previous study showed that exposure to a 50-Hz magnetic field (MF) could induce transient mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) in cells. In the present study, the aim was to explore the possible biological implications of MF-induced transient MPT. Materials and Methods: Human amniotic (FL) cells were exposed to MF for different durations or intensities followed by incubation with staurosporine for 4 h. After MF exposure, cell early apoptosis, cell viability mitochondrial ROS and the level of phosphorylated Akt were assessed. After MF exposure followed by incubation with staurosporine, cell early apoptosis was assessed. Results: MF exposure had a protective effect against early apoptosis induced by staurosporine, which could be abolished by MPT inhibitors, although MF exposure alone had no significant effect on early apoptosis or viability of cells. In addition, exposing cells to MF increased the level of mitochondrial ROS which were released into cytoplasm through mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP), and induced ROS-dependent phosphorylation of Akt. Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic effect of MF exposure was completely eliminated when Akt was inhibited. Conclusions: The present study indicated a possibility that mitochondrial ROS release through mPTP and subsequent Akt activation were necessary for the anti-apoptotic effect of MF.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 presenting with involuntary movement: a diagnostic dilemma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a rare disease characterized by slowly progressive ataxia, dysarthria, ophthalmoplegia, and slow saccade. SCA2 can present with a complex combination of hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders. Here, we describe a patient with SCA2 that partly mimicked the clinical manifestations of Huntington’s disease; similar symptoms had previously occurred in the patient’s family members. The findings in this report indicate that, when a patient exhibits choreiform movement (i.e., accompanying cerebellar ataxia), an SCA2-related mutation could be responsible for the onset of disease. In addition, this knowledge of the potential for extrapyramidal involvement in such patients is critical for clinicians.
In situ Detection of Microplastics: Single Microparticle‐electrode Impacts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Particle‐impact electrochemistry is employed to study spherical polyethylene microparticles suspended in an aqueous solution. This electrochemical method detects polyethylene microparticles impacting on a carbon fiber electrode generating a transient current response or “spike”. We interpret the physio‐chemical origin of the spikes and accurately identify particle size distributions and concentrations for microparticles of sizes 1–10 μm.
Physical Activity Patterns And Bodyweight Change In Former Collegiate Athletes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Collegiate athletes undergo high intensity training regimens that may result in chronic injuries and affect their attitude and ability regarding physical activity. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of prior participation in collegiate athletics on physical activity patterns and weight gain. METHODS: Former Division I college athletes, and a demographically-similar group of alumni (controls), were surveyed via e-mail (n=12,000). The survey included questions about current health and activity status. RESULTS: Former athletes returned 375 surveys, and controls returned 2980 (28% return rate). Male athletes reported a significantly greater (p<0.05) increase in body weight (8.5 kg) vs. controls (6.3 kg). Athletes reported doing fewer (p<0.05) hours per week of anaerobic/mixed activity (2.1 hrs) than controls (3.0 hrs). The athletes reported intensity of anaerobic exercise was less than controls (p<0.05), with 19% of controls and 12% of athletes reporting high intensity anaerobic/mixed exercise. There were no significant differences found between athletes and alumni with regards to aerobic exercise intensity, though athletes reported more hours per week (3.9 hrs) than controls (1.4 hrs). CONCLUSION: The data suggest that prior collegiate athletics participation seems to have long term consequences in terms of body weight change (males) and type of activity. The higher incidence of major injuries, chronic injuries, and physical activity limitations in athletes (reported elsewhere) may explain these differences in part. These data will help to determine the potential long-term risks associated with participation in competitive collegiate athletics.
Effect of Sheath Blight on Yield in Tropical, Intensive Rice Production System

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) of rice (Oryza sativa) is associated with intensive and high-input production systems. The effect of sheath blight on yield, the effect of high nitrogen (N) rate on sheath blight incidence, and the stages of crop that are most susceptible to the disease and vulnerable to yield losses were investigated. Grain yield data from a long-term experiment showed a quadratic polynomial curve in response to N input. An initial increase in N supply corresponded to an increase in yield, but at the highest N level, a reduction in yield was observed. Sheath blight incidence also increased with increasing N level. The estimated yield reduction from sheath blight in plots receiving the highest N rate ranged from 20 to 42% in artificially inoculated plots. The highest sclerotial population recorded was only 2.02 sclerotia per 500 g of oven-dried soil or about 1.23 sclerotia per liter of puddled paddy soil. This low sclerotial density in our studies suggested that sclerotia may not be the primary source of inoculum in a tropical lowland rice system. Crop residues colonized by the pathogen may play an important role in sheath blight epidemics in this intensive rice production system. Screenhouse and field experiments indicated significant yield losses when sheath blight infection started at panicle initiation, booting, or flowering. The effect of sheath blight on yield resulted primarily from a reduction in mean seed weight and a lower percentage of filled spikelets. No yield loss or decrease in yield components was observed when infection started at tillering or grain filling.
[Autonomic regulation of the heart rate in infants with cerebral hypoxia-ischemia of I-II degrees].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Characteristics of psychomotor development and neurohumoral regulation of the cardiac heart rate in 34 infants with cerebral hypoxia-ischemia of I-II degrees, depending on the leading syndrome, have been studied. Individual-typological features of psychomotor development of infants with perinatal transient posthypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, depending on central regulatory mechanisms, are defined. The data on adaptation mechanisms and sequence of their involvement into the process of the formation of motor functions in infants are presented.
Hedging contingent claims for a large investor in an incomplete market

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we study the problem of pricing contingent claims for a large investor (i.e. the coefficients of the price equation can also depend on the wealth process of the hedger) in an incomplete market where the portfolios are constrained. We formulate this problem so as to find the minimal solution of forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) with constraints. We use the penalization method to construct a sequence of FBSDEs without constraints, and we show that the solutions of these equations converge to the minimal solution we are interested in.
Ambitious Amateurs - European Filmclubs in the long 1960s

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ambitious Amateurs aims to investigate the so-called mass taste through the lens of the participatory cultural practice of filming in the long 1960s. The filmmakers were consumers of a medium they were co-creating themselves. They were producing for a circle of peers, respectively to get recognition from professionals. The aesthetic form of these films and genres, the excess of meaning, as well as the moral political ideals represent central axes of the analysis. Additionally, relations between the club members and their activities in national umbrella associations as well as contexts of transnational encounters (i.e. UNICA, founded in 1937) shall be further observed. This will be executed on the examples of selected clubs and locations in Luxembourg, Belgium, France and Germany. Besides archive research and Oral History, the film documents themselves are the core piece of the analysis. The topic is of particular relevance for general Culture and Media History, due to the historical evolution of censorship and auto-censorship tendencies regarding sexual permissiveness, political militancy or religious statements in the long 1960s. These will be connected with the issue of Americanisation, respectively the rejection of the latter within the discourse of European film creators and the topical press. The international comparison will additionally facilitate the display of national specificities and diverse temporalities within (Western)Europe. Simultaneously a possibility to conceive certain potential transnational developments – also beyond the ‘Iron Curtain’ – will be generated.
A Research of I/Q Imbalance based RF Fingerprint Identification with LTE-RACH Signals

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) based wireless device identification has been extensively researched. Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and 5th Generation (5G) mobile communication systems have similar random access channel (RACH) signals, which could be employed for RFF based device identifications. This paper proposes a practical I/Q imbalance-based RFF extraction method using LTE-RACH signals. We initially evaluate the performance of the proposed method by simulating LTE-RACH signals with RFF model. The relationship between I/Q imbalance characteristics and LTE-RACH signal format is explored. Secondly, we build an experimental system including 12 LTE mobile phones from 3 brands and 6 Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) devices from 2 brands. The I/Q imbalance features are extracted for classifications. The experimental results show that the I/Q imbalance feature is distinguishable among the devices produced by different manufacturers, especially the commercial LTE mobile phones and experimental USRP devices. The classification accuracy rate of LTE mobile phones and USRP devices can reach 96.01%, and the accuracy rate of LTE mobile phones from different brands is 89.80%.
Heart Attack in Young Adults - A Clinical Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) has progressively increased in India during the later half of the last century. Projection based on the Global Burden of Disease Study estimate that by the year 2020, the burden of atheroembolic cardiovascular disease in India would surpass that in any other region in the world. Despite impressive strides in diagnosis and management over past three decades, Acute myocardial infarction continues to be a major public health problem in industrialized world and developing countries. The risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Indians is 3-4 times higher than white Americans and as much as 20 times higher than Japanese people. Indians are prone as a community to Coronary Artery Disease at a much younger age and also show higher incidence of morbidity and mortality than other ethnic groups.
Human Resource Development Quarterly: In the beginning

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

I had invested almost four years in getting this first research journal in human resource development (HRD) to become a reality.Others joined in along the way.The beginning of HRDQ was a tangled journey and worth every ounce of effort.Until January 1990, our fledging academic discipline had no research journal, no research methodology handbook, no secure academic home (we were imbedded in other departments and disciplines).There was no Academy of Human Resource Development.Pursuing all four of these fronts became the core strategy for advancing the HRD profession as a recognized academic discipline.Establishment of a research journal was the first priority.The Human Resource Development Research Center at the University of Minnesota hosted the original HRDQ planning work and the first eight years of its publication.In the planning stage of HRDQ, there were a number of naysayers who did not believe there was enough research going on in HRD to fill a quarterly research journal.Also in the planning stage, a number of organizational partners were entertained.Being a member of the American Society for Training and Development Research Committee and having established their successful theory-to-practice monograph series was the springboard for American Society for Training and Development involvement.Thank you, ASTD.Having published books through Steve Piersanti, who was then the president of Jossey-Bass Publishers, was the entrée to Jossey-Bass as the publishing partner.Piersanti has influenced the HRD profession more than you can imagine.
WLC16-2: Reliability-Based Hybrid ARQ (RB-HARQ) Schemes using Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) Codes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The reliability-based hybrid ARQ (RB-HARQ) scheme, which can be used with error correcting codes using soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoders such as convolutional codes and turbo codes, has been proposed. In the RB-HARQ scheme, the error rate performance is improved by selecting retransmission bits based on log likelihood ratio (LLR) of each bit in the receiver. However, the receiver has to send the bit positions of retransmission bits to the transmitter. Therefore, the RB-HARQ scheme requires a large number of feedback bits. On the other hand, low density parity check (LDPC) codes are recently attracting a lot of interest, because LDPC codes can achieve near Shannon limit performance. In this paper, we evaluate the RB-HARQ scheme using LDPC codes. Moreover, we propose a RB-HARQ scheme that requires a fewer feedback bits by utilizing a code structure of LDPC code. We refer to the scheme as the RB-HARQ (row base) scheme. We show that the RB-HARQ and RB-HARQ (row base) schemes using LDPC codes have better error rate performance and higher throughput performance than no ARQ scheme. We also show that the RB- HARQ (row base) scheme has a good trade-off between error rate performance and the number of feedback bits compared to the RB-HARQ scheme.