jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Agricultural Product Flow Behavior and Entrainment Characteristics During Velocity Reduction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pneumatic conveying is widely used in the agricultural industry to perform many material handling functions. Of interest is the use of dilute, two-phase conveying to move seed and granular fertilizer from a mobile air cart to the seeding implement of choice. This method of product delivery is widely used in the industry but it has its disadvantages. These include higher power per unit mass conveyed and seed damage at higher conveying velocities. A reduction in conveying velocity, while maintaining mass flow rates and seeding uniformity, would reduce the power required as well as product and pipe wear. Therefore a method of reducing air velocity downstream of product entrainment was developed to explore the minimum conveying velocity of various agricultural products. This velocity reducer will be used to bleed off a measured amount of air, therefore lowering the conveying air velocity while keeping the products in suspension in the main conveying line. This method will allow for exploration of the product behaviour at differing entrainment and conveying velocities. The product distribution will be evaluated using optical flow profiling and center of particle distribution methods developed in previous work. The effect of the velocity reducer assembly itself will be explored, as well as preliminary findings on the minimum conveying velocity of agricultural products.
Human respiratory system: designing student worksheet based on inquiry to promote 21st-century skills

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A student worksheet is one of the learning resources containing work intended for students to be more active in learning. A student worksheet is designed based - inquiry so that learning is more meaningful and student-centered. Investigation optimally involves all students' ability to search and investigate systematically, critically, logically, analytically, so that they can formulate their findings confidently. This study aims to produce student worksheet based - Inquiry with profiles and qualities that are feasible to use in classroom learning, developed by adapting the ADDIE model. The validity of the worksheet development results is measured from the result of validation by the expert validator, the quality, and practicality of the worksheet seen from the responses given by students and teachers. The data of the development results were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that the worksheet based-Inquiry had fulfilled the three requirements for proper worksheet preparation that is didactic, constructive, and technical requirements. Student worksheet based-Inquiry declared very valid with an average value of 3.70 and is feasible to use. A student worksheet is also in a first category based on the responses of students and teachers with scores of 82.92% and 83.50%, respectively, so it is concluded feasible to be used in learning.
Impact of Organic Mulching on Weed Suppression, Soil Moisture Conservation and Yield in Vegetable Crops: A Comprehensive Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mulching is a time-tested agro-technique that significantly enhances vegetable crop performance, especially under water-limited and organic production systems. Organic mulching, which involves the use of biodegradable materials such as straw, hay, leaves, compost, and plant residues, has gained renewed attention due to its multifaceted benefits. This review consolidates recent findings on the impact of organic mulching on weed suppression, soil moisture conservation, and crop yield enhancement in vegetable crops. Organic mulches effectively suppress weed emergence by creating a physical barrier and blocking light, which limits seed germination and seedling establishment. In particular, they are most effective against annual broadleaf weeds and small-seeded species, though less so against aggressive perennials. Mulching also enhances soil moisture retention by reducing evaporation, moderating soil temperatures, and improving water infiltration. These effects are particularly beneficial in arid and semi-arid climates, where water availability is a major constraint. Furthermore, the gradual decomposition of organic mulch improves soil structure, microbial activity, and fertility, thereby promoting healthier root systems and better plant growth. Studies in vegetables like tomato, chilli, okra, brinjal, and cucumber have shown significant increases in yield, biomass accumulation, and fruit quality under organic mulching. The practice also helps maintain soil health over the long term and reduces the need for frequent irrigation and chemical weed control. Integration of organic mulching with other agronomic practices can enhance its effectiveness and mitigate its limitations. However, challenges such as labour-intensive application, possible introduction of weed seeds, and the risk of nitrogen immobilization must be managed for optimal outcomes. Overall, organic mulching stands out as a sustainable and ecologically sound practice to enhance productivity and resource efficiency in vegetable cultivation systems.
Integrating local services for individuals in vulnerable situations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Governments at all levels are looking for new and innovative ways to include individuals in vulnerable situations such as youth, migrants, persons with disabilities and families facing multiple challenges, in the labour market and in society more generally. This paper explores integration of employment services with other services (e.g. social, health and housing) at the local level as one promising way for governments to provide more effective support that is holistic and person-centred and be more efficient in public spending. The paper analyses different forms of local service integration, the possible benefits, and the particular roles subnational governments can play in service integration reforms – ranging from national public employment service-led reforms to more locally driven reforms. The paper also analyses the barriers to service integration and proposes future work to strengthen local service integration.
CT Evaluation in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

35 patients clinically diagnosed with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and 15 patients clinically diagnosed with reversible ischemic neurological deficits (RIND) were examined by computerized tomography (CT). 34% of TIA patients showed positive CT scans consisting of small hypodenase areas: 60% of RIND patients had larger lesions. In 20% of the overall group the only pathological finding consisted of unilateral focal atophy or ventricular asymmetry. Correlation between angiographically demonstrated atherosclerotic lesions and positive CT was high. On the contrary, no correlation was found between either the risk factors or the natural history of ischemic attack and positive CT findings.
The Potential Demand for Family Planning: A New Measure of Unmet Need and Estimates For Five Latin American Countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In light of the data obtained in the Demography and Health Survey currently under way, a new level has been calculated for the current unmet needs for family planning. This analysis allows a calculation of the potential demand for contraceptives for birth limiting or birth spacing, and includes the pregnant or amenorrheic women whose last pregnancy was unintentional. According to the new calculation, the unmet demands in 5 Latin American countries varies from 15% of married women in Brazil and Colombia, to 21% in the Dominican Republic and Ecuador, and 29% in Peru. In all these countries, the unmet need for contraceptives is greater among women who wish to limit births, compared to women desiring birth spacing, except in the Dominican Republic, where sterilization is very widespread. The greatest unmet needs are found among younger women and rural women, and it decreases significantly with educational level. To determine the level of desire for contraception during the decade before the survey, a computation was done for the 4 countries included in the Worldwide Survey of Fertility. A large decrease in the level of unmet desire for contraception was found over that time period, from 20% in Peru, to 55% in Colombia.
Reliability and Factor Validity of a Farsi Version of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigated reliability and factor validity of a Farsi version of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale in 606 undergraduate students (257 men, 349 women) from the University of Tehran. All participants were asked to complete the scale, along with the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972) and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (Coopersmith, 1967). Findings indicated good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity of the two-factor structure of the Farsi version of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale. These factors were similar to the factors found in previous studies and were accordingly labeled Positive Perfectionism and Negative Perfectionism. The results provide evidence for applicability of the scale and its cross-cultural validity.
EP013/#933 Testing for mismatch repair protein deficiency, microsatellite instability, and lynch syndrome in ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives

Identifying Lynch syndrome (LS) in endometrial cancer through reflex tumour testing for mismatch repair protein deficiency (MMRd) and microsatellite instability (MSI) is widely accepted, but knowledge is limited about its value in ovarian cancer. The current systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the prevalence of MMRd, MSI-high, and LS in ovarian cancer, as well as the tests performance characteristics.

Methods

We systematically searched the MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase databases from inception until February 2022. We included studies assessing MMRd using immunohistochemistry (IHC), MSI, and/or germline LS by next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Results

A total of 45 studies were included. The incidence for MMRd was 9% (95% CI 6–14%), MSI-high 12% (12–15%), and LS 5% (2–14%) in all epithelian ovarian cancer respectively. Hypermethylation was identified in 77% (95% CI 63–87%) of those with MLH1 deficiency. MMR IHC for LS diagnosis has 92% sensitivity, 77% specificity, 58% positive predictive value, and 98% negative predictive value, whereas MSI performance characteristics were 97%, 91%, 25% and 77% respectively. Synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancers had highest rates of MMRd (26%) and MSI-H (34%). Serous histology had lowest prevalence of 1% for MMRd and 7% for MSI. The highest prevalence of germline pathogenic variants in MMR genes (LS) were found in those with synchronous endometrial-ovarian cancer (53%) as well as clear cell ovarian cancer (25%) with the lowest prevalence in serous ovarian (1%) cancer.

Conclusions

MMR deficiency, MSI, and LS are frequent in ovarian cancer, in particular in non-serous histological subtypes.
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA): Fragility, Fragmentation, and Crisis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper examines the fragility, fragmentation, and crisis in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) by dissecting the region into three subregions-Maghreb, Mashreq, and the GCC-and elaborating on their complex contours, diverse ideological orientations, and unavoidable outcomes. Politically, economically, demographically, and ethnically heterogeneous, and religiously reasonably homogenous, the MENA records high conflict rates. There is a lack of unity in diversity, hurting regional cooperation and cohesion. We argue that fragility and fragmentation lead to persistent inter- and intra-state conflict, high unemployment, water disputes, deepening poverty, recurrent famine, and growing numbers of refugees and displacement. By referring to examples from Maghreb, Mashreq, and the GCC, the paper shows the interplay between fragility and resilience and thus attempts to offer a nuanced understanding of the factors that trigger and sustain fragmentation and conflict in the region. The insights into the dynamics of fragility, fragmentation, and crisis highlight the imperatives of cooperation and cohesion in regional integration.
Norms and Normativity: Between Regulism and Regularism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the two preceding chapters we examined two rival accounts of moral criticism — those of Habermas and Derrida, respectively. Each was predicated on a particular conception of what a moral norm is, and of how such norms are related to behavior. I suggested that both accounts can be understood as motivated by the kinds of concerns about the rationality of dissent and criticism that we raised in relation to Rorty's views in Chapter 1. However, I also argued that both accounts suffer from logical difficulties. In each case, the central problem concerns the relation between norms and practices.
Appropriating Shakespeare: contemporary critical quarrels

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Preface Part One: Critical Theories 1 The Diminution of Language: Saussure to Derrida 2 Creator and Interpreters Part Two: Critical Practices 3 Deconstruction: Undergoing, Overreaching 4 New Historicism: Disaffected Subjects 5 Psychocriticism: Finding the Fault 6 Feminist Stereotypes: Misogyny, Patriachy, Bombast 7 Christians and Marxists: Allegory, Ideology Epilogue: Masters and Demons Notes Bibliography Index.
Data from IL3-Driven T Cell–Basophil Crosstalk Enhances Antitumor Immunity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are pivotal in combating cancer, yet their efficacy is often hindered by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, resulting in CTL exhaustion. This study investigates the role of interleukin-3 (IL3) in orchestrating antitumor immunity through CTL modulation. We found that intratumoral CTLs exhibited a progressive decline in IL3 production, which was correlated with impaired cytotoxic function. Augmenting IL3 supplementation, through intraperitoneal administration of recombinant IL3, IL3-expressing tumor cells, or IL3-engineered CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, conferred protection against tumor progression, concomitant with increased CTL activity. CTLs were critical for this therapeutic efficacy as IL3 demonstrated no impact on tumor growth in Rag1 knockout mice or following CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell depletion. Rather than acting directly, CTL-derived IL3 exerted its influence on basophils, concomitantly amplifying antitumor immunity within CTLs. Introducing IL3-activated basophils retarded tumor progression, whereas basophil depletion diminished the effectiveness of IL3 supplementation. Furthermore, IL3 prompted basophils to produce IL4, which subsequently elevated CTL IFNγ production and viability. Further, the importance of basophil-derived IL4 was evident from the absence of benefits of IL3 supplementation in IL4 knockout tumor-bearing mice. Overall, this research has unveiled a role for IL3-mediated CTL–basophil cross-talk in regulating antitumor immunity and suggests harnessing IL3 sustenance as a promising approach for optimizing and enhancing cancer immunotherapy.</p><p><a href="https://aacrjournals.org/cancerimmunolres/article-abstract/doi/10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-24-0395" target="_blank"><i>See related Spotlight, p. 798</i></a></p></div>
Effects of 4,4′,4″-Tris[2-Naphthyl(Phenyl)Amino] Triphenylamine on Characteristics of Stacked White Organic Light-Emitting Devices Consisting of Separate Blue and Yellow Elements

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper systematically investigated the effect of the thickness of 2-TNATA on the characteristics of stacked white organic light-emitting devices consisting of separate blue and yellow elements.The device structure was 2-TNATA(x nm)/NPB(25nm)/AND(30 nm)∶TBPE(2%)∶DCJTB(1%)/Alq3(20nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm).According to the experimentation result,it was found the effects of thickness of 2-TNATA on carrier injection,color and thermal stability was very significant.The color of the white device can be adjusted by changing the thickness of 2-TNATA inserted.The device using 20nm 2-TNATA as a hole injection layer showed pure-white light emitting with 1931CIE chromaticity coordinates x=0.319 7,y=0.349 6,and the luminance of 12 230cd/m2.
Modal expansion of thin annular sources with Schell-model angular correlation function

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

"A general procedure is presented for the evaluation of the modes of a thin annular scalar source, whose angular mutual intensity is of the Schell-model type. Starting from the knowledge of the modes, the coherence properties of the field propagated from the source in paraxial conditions can be evaluated. When the propagated field is collimated by a suitable converging lens, presented results apply to the synthesis of propagation-invariant partially coherent beams."
[Advances in endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disease].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Obesity poses a serious threat to human health, and although bariatric surgery has been proven effective treatment for morbidly obese patients, its surgical risks and high medical costs limit its clinical application and popularity. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG), as a relatively new endoscopic surgery technique for weight loss, has satisfactory weight loss effects compared to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and lifestyle interventions, while preserving the normal structure of the stomach. Its weight loss effects and safety have been validated in multicenter studies abroad. Although, ESG has not yet been widely performed in China, with the gradual maturity of this technique, its prospects are worth attention in the field of weight loss. In the future, large-scale, long-term, multi-center studies are urgently needed in China to clarify the long-term effects, remission of comorbidities, and occurrence of complications of ESG surgery in obese and metabolic disease patients.
Bacteriological assessment of the recreational water of Bacuit Bay, El Nido, Palawan, Philippines

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In early 2018, the recreational water of Bacuit Bay in El Nido, Palawan, Philippines was declared by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) to be contaminated with a coliform count of 1,139 MPN 100 ml-1 sample water. Although water quality assessment was done in the area, no study was conducted on the associated clinically important bacterial pathogens. This study was conducted to assess the microbial contamination and presence of some pathogens, and to compare microbial contamination between 2018 and 2019 in Bacuit Bay. Surface water samples were collected from 11 stations in Bacuit Bay in June 2018 and June 2019. The multiple tube fermentation technique was done to assess the coliform contamination. Selective and differential microbial culture media were used to isolate some clinically important pathogens. Results showed that in 2018, all stations were positive with coliform where nine out of 11 stations exceeded the acceptable level of coliform count for recreational waters. Also, there were eight clinically important putative bacterial pathogens isolated, the Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., Salmonella sp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae. In 2019, the coliform count and the associated bacterial pathogens decreased in number with only two out of 11 stations exceeded the acceptable level and two of eight bacterial pathogens were detected. These could be attributed to the activities that were conducted by the local government unit of El Nido to mitigate the pollution in the coastal environment.
Diversity in Canada: Predictors of the perceptions of social interactions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Canada is one of the most diverse countries in the world, but do Canadians accept diversity? This study examines the factors that predict the perceptions of social interactions among individuals in Canada. The data were obtained from the Ethnic Diversity Survey (EDS) conducted by Statistics Canada and the Department of Canadian Heritage in 2002. Multivariate analyses were applied to investigate whether individuals’ racial, linguistic, religious, socioeconomic, and immigrant status influence their perceptions of their social interactions. The data comprised 41,695 responses from individuals in ten provinces of Canada, using a computer-assisted telephone interview method. The logistic regression results indicate that it is likely that people who belong to a visible minority, have lower socioeconomic status, speak non-official languages, and follow a religion other than Christianity feel discriminated against, uncomfortable/out-of-place, and worried about becoming a victim of hate-crime in Canada. The French-speaking people also feel discriminated against and out-of-place in Canada. This study informs us about the public attitude on the dynamics of social interactions in a multi-cultural and multi-racial society. It reinforces the need for community-based researchers, community development workers and policy makers to address discrimination and hostility and to invest in programs and policies that promote an inclusive society in Canada.
Monophyletic clades ofMacaranga-pollinating thrips show high specificity to taxonomic sections of host plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Thrips (Thysanoptera) have been recorded as pollinators of various plant species, but they are mostly regarded to be of low ecological relevance. In Southeast Asia, thrips were recently discovered to pollinate flowers of several taxonomic sections of the pioneer tree genus Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae), which is particularly well known as an ant-plant, and for its importance in early forest succession. The lack of taxonomic treatment and of knowledge about systematic relationships among extant thrips, however, has prevented firm conclusions on the specificity of this plant-pollinator interaction. Here, results from sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit support our previous morphospecies concept of Macaranga flower thrips, and confirm the genetic identity of five recently described species. They were remarkably all assigned to the genus Dolichothrips (Phlaeothripidae), which typically consists of phytophagous species. In addition, the molecular data revealed one cryptic species. A first phylogenetic tree of the Dolichothrips associated with Macaranga provides insights into their systematic position. In particular, we identify monophyly of all important Macaranga pollinator species, all species being largely specific to particular taxonomic host plant sections. Our results suggest a closely matched diversification of pollinating thrips with Macaranga trees. This adds a novel type of association to thrips pollinator-plant interactions, which have been so far documented as single-species interactions or generalist thrips species visiting multiple plant taxa.