jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Policy initiatives for reforms in irrigation management

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Irrigation is vital for achieving food security for the nation and better livelihood for the farmers through increased land and water productivity. However, in India, irrigation sector has less productivity and low water use efficiency (≍38%) which compares poorly with 45% in Malaysia and Morocco and 50–60% in Israel, Japan, China and Taiwan. The main factors contributing towards low agricultural productivity and water use efficiency are poor maintenance of canal and distribution network, lack of awareness among farmers, lack of regulation of water distribution on volumetric basis, absence of or ineffective regulatory mechanism especially for water charges, ineffective Participatory Irrigation Management, lack of agronomical logistics and modern agricultural tools, etc. The current institutional and legal structures that deal with water in our country need reforms. The planning, development and management of water resources has to keep pace with changing times. There is a need to restructure departments/organizations at Centre/State Governments levels to achieve inclusive development. Taking note of these factors, the National Water Policy (2012) and the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012–17) Document have suggested various policy initiatives, such as, appropriate institutional and legal framework, preparation of river basin master plan on Integrated Water Resources Management principle, promotion of micro-irrigation techniques, alignment of cropping pattern with the availability of water, greater involvement and empowerment of Water Users Association in the irrigation management, rationalization of water charges through regulatory mechanism, incentivizing States for water sector reforms through setting up of National Irrigation Management Fund, launching massive awareness and skill development programmes, etc. This paper outlines these policy initiatives to usher in improved irrigation management in our country.
EFFECTS OF GOAL ORIENTED CARE FOR ADULTS WITH MULTIMORBIDITY. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective. To systematically review the evidence from randomised controlled trials evaluating the effects of goal oriented care against standard care for multimorbid adults. Data sources/Study setting. Existing literature presenting the resulto of randomized trials assessing the outcome of goal oriented care compared with usual care for adults with multimorbidity. Study design. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data collection/Extraction methods. We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CENTRAL), EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINHAL, trial registries such as ClinicalTrial.gov and World Health Organizational International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and the references of eligible trials and relevant reviews. Goal-oriented care was defined by the following: goal setting at the individual level; collaborative identification of goals; valuing and using the individuals’ resources and skills combined with the medical standpoint; full entitlement of the person in the goal choice. A total of 197 studies were reviewed. Ten trials were included. We extracted outcome data on quality of life, hospital admission, patients’ satisfaction, patient and caregiver burden. Risk of bias was assessed and certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE.. Principal findings. No study was found fully free of bias. No effect was found on quality of life (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) 0.10; 95% CI -0.06 to 0.26) and hospital admission (Risk Ratio (RR): 0.87; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.17). A very small effect was observed for patients’ satisfaction (SMD: 0.15; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.29) and caregiver burden (SMD -0.13; 95%CI -0.26 to 0.00). Certainty of evidence was low for all outcomes. Conclusions Despite its sound rationale and the strong push towards its dissemination, the results of this meta-analysis prevent to reach firm conclusions about effects of goal-oriented care. Future research should overcome the shortcomings of studies assessed in this meta-analysis. A sound application of the indications for research of complex healthcare interventions is warranted.
Algorithmic Fairness and Vertical Equity: Income Fairness with IRS Tax Audit Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study examines issues of algorithmic fairness in the context of systems that inform tax audit selection by the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS). While the field of algorithmic fairness has developed primarily around notions of treating like individuals alike, we instead explore the concept of vertical equity—appropriately accounting for relevant differences across individuals—which is a central component of fairness in many public policy settings. Applied to the design of the U.S. individual income tax system, vertical equity relates to the fair allocation of tax and enforcement burdens across taxpayers of different income levels. Through a unique collaboration with the Treasury Department and IRS, we use access to detailed, anonymized individual taxpayer microdata, risk-selected audits, and random audits from 2010-14 to study vertical equity in tax administration. In particular, we assess how the adoption of modern machine learning methods for selecting taxpayer audits may affect vertical equity. Our paper makes four contributions. First, we show how the adoption of more flexible machine learning (classification) methods—as opposed to simpler models—shapes vertical equity by shifting audit burdens from high to middle-income taxpayers. Second, given concerns about high audit rates of low-income taxpayers, we investigate how existing algorithmic fairness techniques would change the audit distribution. We find that such methods can mitigate some disparities across income buckets, but that these come at a steep cost to performance. Third, we show that the choice of whether to treat risk of underreporting as a classification or regression problem is highly consequential. Moving from a classification approach to a regression approach to predict the expected magnitude of underreporting shifts the audit burden substantially toward high income individuals, while increasing revenue. Last, we investigate the role of differential audit cost in shaping the distribution of audits. Audits of lower income taxpayers, for instance, are typically conducted by mail and hence pose much lower cost to the IRS. We show that a narrow focus on return-on-investment can undermine vertical equity. Our results have implications for ongoing policy debates and the design of algorithmic tools across the public sector.
Orientation of tsetse flies to wind, within and outside host odour plumes in the field

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Free‐flying wild tsetse flies ( Glossina pallidipes Aust. and G. m. morsitans Westw.) were video recorded in Zimbabwe as they flew within an artificial host odour plume at 3, 7 or 15 m from the source, or in no odour, with and without a 0.75 m 2 vertical, black visual target present aligned with the wind. With no visual target present, flights in odour were strongly biased upwind, and in the absence of odour strongly biased downwind. With the target present, between 16% and 40% of the upwind approaching flies responded visually as they passed the target, by circling it, in proportion to the proximity of the source (taken to be proportional to the mean odour concentration). Crosswind approaching flies (for whom the target will have been visible for some metres away) circled more frequently (34–56%), but without obvious correlation with the odour concentration. Circling flies also responded orthokinetically, by slowing down as they passed the target. The departure directions relative to the wind of flies leaving the target were significantly affected by the odour concentration. At 3 m they left the target in all directions, except possibly avoiding due upwind. At 7 m they left with an obliquely upwind bias, but at 15 m and also in no odour, they left with a strong crosswind bias.
454. QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY WITH INTRATHORACIC VS CERVICAL ANASTOMOSIS: A NATIONWIDE COHORT STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Transthoracic esophagectomy with either intrathoracic or cervical anastomosis is considered standard of care in patients with mid to distal esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer. Patients after esophagectomy will experience a deterioration in health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) after esophageal cancer surgery. Whilst some reports describe long-lasting deterioration, other reports show recovery of HR-QoL comparable with the general population after 2 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in HR-QoL in patients after a transthoracic esophagectomy with either intrathoracic- or cervical anastomosis in a nationwide database. Methods A nationwide cohort study was performed combining data from two registries: Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR) and Prospective Observational Cohort Study of Esophageal-Gastric Cancer Patients (POCOP). All patients after esophagectomy for mid/distal esophageal or GEJ cancer between 2015 and 2022 were included. HR-QoL was measured at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively using EORTC QLQ-C30 and OG-25 questionnaires. Linear mixed models were used to assess the mean score difference between patients with intrathoracic and cervical anastomosis. A difference of 10 points or more was considered clinically relevant. Adjustments were made for potential confounders (age, gender, ASA classification). Results Of the 4269 registered patients in the NCR, in 1274 patients at least one questionnaire was available. Of these patients 346 underwent an esophagectomy with cervical - and 928 with intrathoracic anastomosis. Patients after esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis reported statistically significant more problems in the following categories: dysphagia, couching, trouble eating with others and swallowing saliva during the first 3 months, choked when swallowing and trouble talking during the first 12 months postoperatively. In all other categories no significant difference was found. Only trouble talking at the 3-month time point was considered as a clinically relevant difference. Conclusion Although the intrathoracic anastomosis is associated with significantly better HR-QoL in several categories, only trouble talking at 3 months postoperatively was considered clinically relevant. Overall HR-QoL was comparable for esophageal cancer patients after an esophagectomy with either a cervical or intrathoracic anastomosis.
Impact of reading strategies on development reading comprehension achievements

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Основной целью исследования является изучение влияния стратегий чтения на понимание прочитанного. Для достижения цели было проведено исследование стратегий чтения, используемых студентами и их влияние на понимание прочитанного. Было опрошено 22 студента, обучающихся в Уральском федеральном университете. Результаты показали, что студенты используют различные стратегии чтения: сканирование, скимминг, чтение вслух, выделение грамматических структур, ответы на простые вопросы, поиск значений новых слов, перевод текстов на родной язык. Анализ полученных данных показывает, что учебные стратегии, используемые студентами для чтения на английском языке тесно связаны с уровнем понимания прочитанного, но не имеют системности.
Performance Comparison of a QoS Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Quality of Service (QoS) in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a challenging area of research because of the limited availability of resources in WSNs. The resources in WSNs are processing power, memory, bandwidth, energy, communication capacity, etc. Delay is an important QoS parameter for delivery of delay sensitive data in a time constraint sensor network environment. In this paper, an extended version of a delay aware routing protocol for WSNs is presented along with its performance comparison with different deployment scenarios of sensor nodes, taking IEEE802.15.4 as the underlying MAC protocol. The performance evaluation of the protocol is done by simulation using ns-2 simulator.
A Comparative Study of the Translations of “Mathnavi”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Since the eighteenth century, Rumi's Mathnavi has been translated into several different European languages, especially into English. This process along with the translation of other poems byRumi has accelerated in the last two decades. Therefore, Rumi's poetry, both in terms of quantity and quality, has a unique position around the world, and has fascinated multitudes of Rumi's enthusiasts. The translations, of course,are not of the same authority. The first translations of the Mathnavi, such as those by Winfield, Wilson and Nicholson, enjoyed more accuracy and trustworthiness; contemporary translations,however, are looking to attract more readers through verbal beauty rather than precision in meaning, to the extent that some of them, such as Barks’ and Helsinki’s, are rewritings of the previous translations. One of the newest translations is a poetic one by Mojaddedi; because of both its trustworthiness and maximum transmission of concepts and the observance of poetic techniques, it provides a better communication between Rumi and the English-speaking audiences. In spite of this, Coleman Barks, an American poet, has provided the best-selling English translations of Masnavi. Without any acquaintance with Persian language,and with the help of older English translations, has translated Rumi's poems − especially many sections of Mathnavi −into contemporary English.
Arrays of Plasmonic Nanostructures for Absorption Enhancement in Perovskite Thin Films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report optical characterization and theoretical simulation of plasmon enhanced methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) thin-film perovskite solar cells. Specifically, various nanohole (NH) and nanodisk (ND) arrays are fabricated on gold/MAPbI 3 interfaces. Significant absorption enhancement is observed experimentally in 75 nm and 110 nm-thick perovskite films. As a result of increased light scattering by plasmonic concentrators, the original Fabry–Pérot thin-film cavity effects are suppressed in specific structures. However, thanks to field enhancement caused by plasmonic resonances and in-plane interference of propagating surface plasmon polaritons, the calculated overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell is expected to increase by up to 45.5%, compared to its flat counterpart. The role of different geometry parameters of the nanostructure arrays is further investigated using three dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, which makes it possible to identify the physical origin of the absorption enhancement as a function of wavelength and design parameters. These findings demonstrate the potential of plasmonic nanostructures in further enhancing the performance of photovoltaic devices based on thin-film perovskites.
Latency-Aware Control for Wireless Cloud Fog Automation: Framework and Case Study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<p>The development of wireless communication has indeed promoted cloud fog automation in the industry. It also introduces new issues of reliability and latency for control systems. This study sought to investigate the impacts of the commonly used industrial wireless network on the control performance parameters using a ball-and-beam (BB) time-critical balancing control system. An internal model control-inspired latency-aware wireless control framework (IMC-LA) is presented and employed in the BB system to handle the time delays and instability-creating elements introduced by wireless communication. A preliminary control assessment of the BB system under two new-generation wireless technologies, Wi-Fi 6 and 5G, was delivered. The correlation between network performance and control performance was analyzed statistically compared to the wired Ethernet condition. Test results show a dramatic decrease in position error after utilizing the proposed latency-aware wireless control framework. This study provides practical insights into the potential impacts of industrial wireless networks on control systems with a workable latency-aware wireless control approach.</p>
SMART CHARACTER IN A FIRST-PERSON SHOOTING GAME 1

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Controlling a 3D character in a virtual world in real time is a challenging problem because the complexity of human motions and the limited time available for computation. Consequently, most 3D games use a simplified mechanism to place canned motions at designated locations regardless what a user inputs. In this paper, we aim to design a 3D character that is capable of generating 3D motions dynamically according to the inputs of the user as well as the constraints of the environment. The motions are synthesized at real time from a motion library organized in a motion graph. The traversal of the motion graph is represented and incrementally maintained in a data structure called Feasible Motion Tree (FMT). By designing appropriate tree expansion and motion selection algorithms, a useful FMT can be maintained incrementally within a limited time budget. We use a first-person shooting game as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. We think that game designers can make good use of the enhanced interactivity with the smart character to design more enjoyable games. Keywords intelligent avatar, real-time 3D interaction, feasible motion tree, time-budgeted computation
Temporary Suspension brings about the Cooperative Evolution in the Hawk-Dove Game : Temporary Suspension in the Hawk-Dove Game

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Hawk-Dove (HD) game has been well studied as one of the public good games. The HD game deals with cooperative ad competitive conflict between players and that model therefore attracted attention of researchers. In the public good game, the cost or benefit of players is determined by the relation between any two players. The classical games appear to result in an extinction of cooperators due to the fact that population of defector strategy increases. Defectors get high payoffs when they locate around cooperators. Here, we constructed a new spatial hawk-dove model introducing temporary suspension when agents execute the best takes over update strategy. We examined how cooperators survived without facing any extinctions. We showed that temporary suspension in respect with the strategy update succeeded in generating the survival of cooperators.
Activities of Administrative Judiciary During Marital State in Ukraine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article examines the problem of access to justice in Ukraine under the conditions of martial law that has been ongoing since 2014, in particular after the start of a full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation in 2022. Emphasis is placed on the need to ensure the functioning of the judicial system even in conditions of active hostilities, because according to Article 124 of the Constitution of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine “On the Legal Regime of Martial Law”, courts are obliged to continue their activities and cannot limit their powers. This issue has become particularly relevant due to the escalation of the conflict and the growing challenges facing the administrative courts, which must ensure access to justice despite logistical and organizational difficulties. The study notes that even in extraordinary legal regimes, according to the recommendations of the Venice Commission, the judicial system must adhere to the principles of a fair trial. The article also analyzes the main problems faced by the administrative judiciary under martial law, in particular, the lack of funding, difficulties in organizing the work of the courts, the movement of participants in the process, and the need to change territorial jurisdiction. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the goals and tasks of the study, as well as proposals for improving administrative proceedings, are formulated. The importance of legislative changes that would allow courts to stop proceedings in cases when the participants cannot be present due to the circumstances of the war, as well as the need to ensure the rights and freedoms of citizens who find themselves in hostilities, is emphasized. The article emphasizes that administrative justice under martial law needs greater flexibility and adaptability to effectively resolve legal issues arising in this critical period. Thus, the study contributes to the study of the impact of the war on the legal system of Ukraine and emphasizes the need to preserve justice in constantly changing conditions.
Controlling Polymorphism and Orientation of NU-901/NU-1000 Metal–Organic Framework Thin Films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

NU-1000, a zirconium (Zr)-based metal–organic framework (MOF), is a promising candidate for heterogeneous catalysis, gas storage, electrocatalysis, and drug-delivery applications due to its large pore size and mesoporous structure. However, the synthesis of NU-1000 may produce another polymorph NU-901, which has a smaller average pore size and pore volume than NU-1000. Similarly, the presence of NU-1000 as a phase impurity in NU-901 crystallites is undesired. Although phase-pure NU-901 and NU-1000 have been successfully synthesized in bulk, multiple applications such as electrocatalysis and separation membranes require the formation of thin films. In this study, we utilize self-assembled monolayers and crystal engineering to control the polymorphism and orientation of NU-901/NU-1000 thin films. We report the fabrication of thin films of NU-901 and NU-1000 via a solvothermal method by functionalizing the substrate with carboxyl (−COOH) tail groups. This synthesis produces phase-pure hexagonal rod-shaped NU-1000 crystals and nearly phase-pure prolate-shaped NU-901 crystal as revealed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and nitrogen adsorption isotherm analyses. Furthermore, we control the orientation of NU-1000 crystallites on the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by controlling the nucleation density of the MOFs on the substrate. We hypothesize that heating the functionalized substrate in a Zr-oxo cluster solution preceding solvothermal synthesis results in the coordination of Zr-oxo clusters to the (−COOH) groups of the substrate, which promotes a higher nucleation density of NU-1000 on the substrate, resulting in the perpendicular growth of NU-1000 during crystal formation.