jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Case of Vertebral Body Compression Fracture as an Initial Sign for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

More than one third of patients may present with bone pain as a consequence of leukemic cell infiltration of bone, however, bone fracture itself is an unusual presentation for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Back pain by vertebral fracture is a rare initial presentation of childhood ALL. If back pain due to vertebral fracture is the only clinical manifestation of ALL without any other accompanying symptoms, signs, or hematologic abnormality, the diagnosis of ALL could be delayed. To promote greater awareness that vertebral facture caused by ALL, resulting in significant back pain without other systemic symptoms, we report on the case of an 8-year-old boy who complained only of back pain which occurred about one month prior to visit and who was later diagnosed with ALL. pISSN 2233-5250 / eISSN 2233-4580 http://dx.doi.org/10.15264/cpho.2015.22.1.72 Clin Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2015;22:72∼75
Wound infection after breast biopsy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Wound infection after breast biopsy Get access J M Dixon, J M Dixon University Department of Surgery, Longmore Breast Unit, Edinburgh, UK Correspondence to: Mr J. M. Dixon, University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH3 9YW, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U Chetty, U Chetty University Department of Surgery, Longmore Breast Unit, Edinburgh, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A P M Forrest A P M Forrest University Department of Surgery, Longmore Breast Unit, Edinburgh, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 75, Issue 9, September 1988, Pages 918–919, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800750931 Published: 06 December 2005 Article history Accepted: 06 December 1987 Published: 06 December 2005
Association Between Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping and Chronic Kidney Disease Among Patients With Controlled Office Blood Pressure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Although abnormal blood pressure (BP) patterns are associated with adverse cardiorenal outcomes, their associations are yet unquantified by nocturnal dipping status. We examined the association of nocturnal BP dipping pattern with albuminuria and kidney function among participants with controlled hypertension without prior advanced kidney disease. METHODS Ambulatory BP (ABP) measurements were collected from 995 middle-aged, cardiology clinic patients with controlled office BP (OBP) (&lt;140/90 mm Hg). The magnitude of dipping was calculated as the difference between daytime and nighttime systolic BP (SBP) divided by daytime SBP. Accordingly, the participants were categorized as extreme-dipper (≥20%), dipper (10% to &lt;20%), non-dipper (0% to &lt;10%), or reverse-dipper (&lt;0%). We analyzed the cross-sectional associations of dipping with albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g) and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (&lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2), adjusting for OBP/ABP, antihypertensive class, body mass index, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, socioeconomic status, and health behavior. RESULTS The participants (mean age 60.2 years; 52.9% male) consisted of 13.5% extreme-dippers, 43.1% dippers, 34.7% non-dippers, and 8.7% reverse-dippers. In reference to dippers, odds ratios [95% confidence interval] for albuminuria were 1.73 [1.04–2.60] in reverse-dippers, 1.67 [1.20–2.32] in non-dippers, and 0.62 [0.38–1.04] in extreme-dippers. Likewise, abnormal dipping profile was associated with decreased kidney function: reverse-dipping, 2.02 [1.06–3.84]; non-dipping, 1.98 [1.07–3.08]; extreme-dipping, 0.69 [0.20–1.17]. The associations persisted among participants with more conservatively controlled OBP (&lt;130/80 mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS Monitoring diurnal and nocturnal BP may identify chronic kidney disease otherwise overlooked based on OBP.
Newer laboratory approaches for assessing visual dysfunction.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The crucial point that will be emphasized throughout this report is the potential utility of analyzing visual cortical receptive field (RF) properties of the single-cell level as a sensitive and reliable neurotoxicity screening tool. Numerous studies employing exposure of kittens to altered visual environments during the critical period have demonstrated that particular classes of RFs can be selectively affected while sparing others. There has been a rapid proliferation of new methods used to investigate such effects. An important current trend involves the development of multidisciplinary combinations of approaches. The various maneuvers reviewed here seem adaptable to studying neurotoxic insult of the sensitive properties of cortical visual neurons, particularly in the cat or monkey. Conceivably, a general disruption of cortical RF properties might be expected following toxic exposure since individual RF properties are generally not determined by completely independent mechanisms. In fact, some toxicants might produce a general degradation of RF properties akin to the electrophysiological results reported for long-term dark rearing or binocular deprivation.
Baroque Culture and the Polish Historical Consciousness Development

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of article is to study development of the Polish historical consciousness in the 16th century when it gained new lines. Political changes, strengthening of Catholicism and sarmatizm ideology directly influenced this consciousness. The historical consciousness found bright reflection in painting and poetry. Due to the huge interest in the past genealogy became popular. The historiography turns into the main direction of human studies. At the same time nature of historical research changes. Instead of the generalizing works on stories covering all past of the Polish state since the most ancient times the works devoted to the actual problems connected with the present appear. Interest in modern political history becomes the main specifics of historical researches. XVII – the beginning of the 18th centuries became a new, special stage of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth history. Deep crisis captured political, economic and social spheres; the country lost its international positions, having become object of foreign powers policy. The period of shlyakhetsky democracy with the relevant political system was replaced by time of magnates domination followed by weakening of the central power and political anarchy. The decline of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which led further to loss of independence and partitions of the state began. Speaking about development of the 16th century Polish historical consciousness it should be noted that it was caused by the level of society political and spiritual development in general. The Baroque culture and mentality peculiar to it in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth found reflection in development of sarmatizm ideas. The country political system features were affected including the directions of historical researches which were concentrated on political and war events of the recent past. The Polish historical consciousness of XVI – the beginning of the 17th centuries gained a number of new characteristics which found reflection in painting, literature and first of all – in historical researches. Against huge interest in the past the genealogy and heraldry are of particular importance. At the same time historical researches become narrowly targeted and devoted generally to the events of the recent past which exerted direct impact on the present.
The Conciliatory Rhetoric of Mysticism in the Correspondence of Heinrich von Nördlingen and Margaretha Ebner

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Peace was far from a pale, static concept - a simple lack of violence - in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Rather, it was at times constructed as a rich and complex, positive and dynamic ideal. The thirteen articles in this volume cover a broad range of disciplines, times, and geographical areas and explore strategies that were used in the past to resolve conflict and attain peace. They examine events, texts, and images that date from the fifth through the sixteenth centuries, and their authors focus not only on Western Europe, but also on Scandinavia, the Caucausus, and Egypt. This volume rests on the assumption that peace covers a spectrum of situations that connects the personal and the political. Therefore, the papers presented here examine not only how nations negotiated peace, but also how individuals did. Similarly, although several essays spotlight those in the seat of power, others explore the situation of those lower on the social hierarchy. Our views about peace and conflict, as this collection makes clear, are shaped in part by the mentalités of the past. Although some peacemaking strategies may be unacceptable to us today - forced marriages and conversions, for example - we can learn from other strategies how to transcend or modify various modes of antagonistic thinking.
Strategy for vaccination against hepatitis B in areas with high endemicity: focus on Korea.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatitis B vaccination strategies may vary from country to country depending on hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity, predominant modes of infection, age of infection, and health care resources. In areas with high endemicity like Korea, transmission of virus from carrier mothers to infants during the perinatal period, and from other horizontal sources to infants and children, account for most cases of HBV infection. The consequences of HBV infection at an early age are serious, as more than 70% remain chronic carriers of the virus. These chronic carriers are the principal source of infection for other susceptible people, and are themselves at high risk of developing other serious diseases, such as chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Theoretically, therefore, routine infant immunisation supplemented with prenatal screening of pregnant women for HBsAg or HBeAg and mass immunisation of children is the appropriate strategy for control of hepatitis B in these countries. To prevent primary liver cancer associated with HBV infection, however, immunisation of adults at high risk would also be prudent. Mandatory vaccination of all neonates is recommended in highly endemic areas, together with hepatitis B immune globulin in babies born to HBsAg carrier mothers.
Mad Honey Poisoning: A Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mad honey, which is different from normal commercial honey, is contaminated with grayanotoxins and causes intoxication. It is used as an alternative therapy for hypertension, peptic ulcer disease and is also being used more commonly for its aphrodisiac effects. Grayanotoxins, found in rhododendron plant, act on sodium ion channels and place them in partially open state. They also act on muscarinic receptors. Cardiac manifestations of mad honey poisoning include hypotension and rhythm disorders such as bradycardia, nodal rhythm, atrial fibrillation, complete atrioventricular block or even complete heart block. Additionally, patients may develop dizziness, nausea and vomiting, weakness, sweating, blurred vision, diplopia and impaired consciousness. Diagnosis is made with history of honey intake and clinical presentation. Treatment is symptomatic. Patients presenting with severe hypotension and bradycardia may need prompt treatment with fluids, atropine or even temporary pacing if other measures fail. Although fatalities are rare, poisoning may be hard to recognize and arrhythmias may be life-threatening.
Career Confidential: Teacher concerned that parents don’t trust teachers anymore

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this regular Kappan column, Phyllis Fagell gives advice to educators. This month, a teacher wants to set better boundaries with parents don’t seem to trust teachers and want to have input on every decision. A principal has noticed that students are only hanging out with kids from their own social class, creating a “haves” and “have nots” culture at the school. Another teacher keeps hearing about colleagues who are looking for jobs in higher-paying districts and wonders if it’s time to jump ship, despite being generally happy in her current job.
Partial atrioventricular septal defect or enlarged coronary sinus(about the importance of correct crux’ of the heart valuation)?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The case of successful prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of partial atrioventricular septal defect is presented. The retrospective analysis of 4 cases of fetal defect' overdiagnosis, associated with left superior vena cava and enlarged coronary sinus, is conducted. Aspects of optimisation of the ultrasound visualization of crux of the fetal heart are discussed in order to reduction the probability of misdiagnosing.
Development of Flip Book-Based Learning Media for Sports Physiology in Physical Education Students at University

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to develop and validate flip book-based learning media for sports physiology at the Faculty of Sports Science, Medan State University, focusing on Recreational Health Physical Education students. The research utilized the ADDIE development model, encompassing Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate stages. Data collection involved media expert validation questionnaires, materials, and trials with small and large student samples. Quantitative descriptive analysis was employed to present product development results, validate the tool, and assess its feasibility. Initial validation by a linguist resulted in a 76% suitability score, which improved to 89% after revisions, categorizing it as very feasible. Similarly, media experts rated the first stage at 76%, increasing to 89% post-revision. Small sample trials among students yielded a 76% suitability score, while large sample trials achieved 89%, both in the very feasible category. The findings indicate that flip book-based sports physiology learning media are highly suitable for use by physical education, health, and recreation students at Medan State University.
Intracellular calcium mobilization triggered by a glutamate receptor in rat cultured hippocampal cells.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. Intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) was monitored by means of Fura‐2 fluorescence measurements in hippocampal cells in primary cultures from newborn rats. 2. In external media containing 200 microM‐DL‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovalerate and 1 mM‐kynurenate, but no added Ca2+, an increase in [Ca2+]i was observed in 30‐40% of cells examined in response to quisqualate or L‐glutamate. 3. Under such conditions, [Ca2+]i often increased gradually with a latency of a few seconds after application of the agonists. 4. Pre‐treatment of the cultured cells with pertussis toxin reduced the extent of quisqualate‐stimulated [Ca2+]i increase in Ca2+‐free media, but the percentage of the responsive cells was not affected appreciably. 5. It is concluded that quisqualate and L‐glutamate can trigger the release of Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores, most likely by activating a glutamate receptor coupled to a pertussis toxin‐sensitive G‐protein.
Optimized energy window of He beams for accurate determination of depth in channeling Rutherford backscattering spectrometry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We propose a method to improve accurate determination of damage/impurity depth profiles by channeling Rutherford backscattering by using He+4 beams in an energy window of 400–800 keV. This is based on the study of the stopping power of He+4 ions as a function of incident energy along the Si ⟨100⟩ axis, which shows that the channeling stopping power within the above energy window is close to the random stopping power. Experiments on 100 nm deep Sb-doped Si superlattices show that the approach significantly reduces the error in determining the depth location of Sb, for example, from 8% by using 2-MeV He+4 to 1% by using 600-keV He+4 ions.
A comparison of bulls and steers implanted with various oestrogenic growth promoters in a 15-month semi-intensive system of beef production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Two experiments, each involving 48 British Friesian cattle, were carried out to examine the performance and carcass quality of bulls and steers implanted with one of three oestrogenic growth promoters in a semi-intensive system of beef production in which the animals were slaughtered at 14 to 17 months of age. The treatments used in experiment 1 were: (1) control steers (no implant); (2) steers implanted with 45 mg oestradiol in silastic rubber at 4·5 months of age and with 300 mg trenbolone acetate at 10·5 and 13·5 months; (3) steers implanted with 20 mg oestradiol and 200 mg progesterone at 95-day intervals from 4·5 months and with 300 mg trenbolone acetate at 10·5 and 13·5 months of age; (4) bulls (no implant). For treatments 1 to 4 respectively dry-matter (DM) intakes were 6·74, 7·24, 7·50 and 7·16 (s.e. 0·092) kg/day; carcass weights were 260, 283, 298 and 290 (s.e. 5·4) kg; and fat depths over m. longissimus were 6·5, 5·3, 6·3 and 3·4 (s.e. 0·53) mm. The same treatments were used in experiment 2, except that 36 mg Zeranol® was used in treatment 3 instead of 20 mg oestradiol plus 200 mg progesterone, and the bulls in treatment 4 were implanted with 36 mg Zeranol at 7·5, 11 and 14·5 months. For treatments 1 to 4 respectively DM intakes were 7·37, 7·85, 7·76 and 7·42 (s.e. 0·092) kg/day; carcass weights were 262, 285, 284 and 296 (s.e. 7·1) kg and mean fat depths over m. longissimus were 7·1, 5·9, 7·0 and 5·2 (s.e. 0·54) mm. Implantation of steers increased food intake but also improved food conversion efficiency and did not consistently affect carcass fatness or conformation. Repeated implantation with 20 mg oestradiol plus 200 mg progesterone produced a greater response in performance than a single implantation with 45 mg oestradiol-17β in a controlled-release silastic-rubber implant, while repeated implantation with 36 mg Zeranol produced a similar response to the single silastic-rubber implant. Bulls produced leaner carcasses and converted food to carcass gain more efficiently than implanted steers.
ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DANDRUFF SAMPLE AND ITS INHIBITION BY MEDICINAL PLANTS Research Article

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

With dandruff being a common everyday problem and the market loaded with antidandruff shampoos and such skin care products; it is obvious to assume resourceful research into this area. Medicinal plants have some natural Antimicrobial property and therefore such combination could be a potential antidandruff activity. To check its antidandruff activity, experiments have been conducted on Malassezia furfur the causal organism for seborrheaic dermatitis or dandruff, which has been cultured for such study in our lab and its molecular characterization, is done by Agarose gel electrophoresis method. Malassezia spp. is lipophilic unipolar yeasts recognized as commensals of skin that may be pathogenic under certain conditions. The medicinal plants are natural and it has no or fewer side effects. Through synthetic and semi synthetic drugs are available in today's market; there is need for new ones from natural origin like phytoconstituents. Spices are the natural constituent who has contained more amounts of chemical constituents is helpful for antimicrobial or antifungal activity.
A Marketing Approach for Measuring Product Market Differentiation and Concentration in Antitrust Cases

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Product differentiation is a reality in today's consumer markets and warrants further study in antitrust analysis because product differentiation increases market power. Currently the FTC and Department of Justice rely on the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) to detect market power. However, the HHI is not sensitive to product market differentiation. The author uses marketing tools of market structure analysis to propose a new measure of concentration, the market concentration index (MCI), that reflects product market differentiation. The rationale for the new measure is based on marketing theory, antitrust court opinion, and the antitrust economics literature. MCI is compared with HHI and is shown to have several practical and theoretical advantages. The 1986 proposed mergers in the carbonated soda market are analyzed by means of both measures. The empirical work demonstrates MCI's ability for detecting changes in product market differentiation.
Use of IPM in the control of multiple diseases in maize: Strategies for selection of host resistance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Maize ( Zea mays ) production in sub-Saharan Africa is constantly\nthreatened by the potential outbreak of multiple foliar diseases such\nas maize streak, northern leaf blight, gray leaf spot, and rust.\nImprovement of host resistance to these diseases can provide an\nimportant component of integrated pest management (IPM). In this paper,\nconventional and molecular marker-assisted breeding approaches are\nreviewed and strategies for improvement of host resistance are\npresented. Pyramiding of quantitative resistance factors using\nmolecular breeding techniques will be facilitated through cooperative\nresearch efforts and adoption of appropriate experimental designs.
A Critical Review of Global Warming Literature Regarding Atmospheric Temperature Trends Obtained From Polar Orbiting Microwave Sounding Units

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Radiation intensity measurements taken by orbiting Microwave Sounding Units (MSUs) have been used to produce temperature measurements of the atmospheresince 1979. The merged temperature time series for tropospheric layers of the atmosphere have played a controversial role in the field of Earth climate study and debate over the existence of global warming. Since the first attempt at producing such a homogeneously merged series of observations was made in the early 1990s, much research has been carried out into improving the validity of merging procedures and the trends evident in the temperature-time series products have undergone significant changes.This thesis explores the steps involved merging MSU observational data in an attempt to gauge the current state of understanding. Scientific contributions of the past 15years, from the main research groups involved are examined in detail, as well as their latest findings. It is found that due to the latest advances in understanding, the twomost prominent research groups are arriving at trends for the tropospheric decadal temperature change, that agree reasonably closely. This contrasts with significant past disagreement between these two independently derived temperature-time series, that has been the cause of much debate over the reality of climate change. University of Alabama and Remote Sensing System's products both show the stratosphere cooling at a rate similar rate of 0.49±K /decade and -0.33 K/decade; and comparable tropspheric warming trends of 0.123K/decade 0.192 K/decade respectively. It is also found that the method of combining observations from different channels to isolate tropospheric temperature trends, as developed in Fu et. al. (2005), is the most reliable means to assess troposheric temperature trends without the influence of stratospheric trends. The limb/nadir view combination method that produces 2TLT as developed by Christy et al. (1995), is found to be prone to noise amplification. A reasonable amount of agreement now exists between atmospheric temperature trends derived by stat-of-the-art climate models and those exhibited in merged MSU observations. This would seem to put to rest many of the objections that have been made to the validity and usefulness of climate models and the predictions they produce.