jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Association of primary care physicians' exercise habits and their age, specialty, and workplace

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Yoshiyuki Morishita,1 Atushi Miki,1 Mari Okada,1 Satoshi Tsuboi,2 Kenichi Ishibashi,3 Yasuhiro Ando,1 Eiji Kusano41Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, 2Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 3Department of Medical Physiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, 4Utsunomiya Social Insurance Hospital, Tochigi, JapanBackground: In this study, we investigated primary care physicians' exercise habits, and the association of this variable with their age, specialty, and workplace.Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study comprised 3,310 medical doctors who graduated from Jichi Medical University in Japan between 1978 and 2012. The study instrument was a self-administered questionnaire mailed in August 2012 to investigate primary care physicians' exercise habits, age, specialty, and workplace.Results: The 896 available primary care physicians' responses to the self-administered questionnaire were analyzed. Their exercise frequency was as follows: daily, 104 (11.6%); at least 2–3 times per week, 235 (26.2%); no more than once a week, 225 (25.1%); no more than once a month, 278 (31.0%); and other, 52 (5.8%). Their exercise intensity was as follows: high (≥6 Mets), 264 (29.5%); moderate (4–6 Mets), 199 (22.2%); mild, (3–4 Mets), 295 (32.9%); very mild (<3 Mets), 68 (7.6%); none, 64 (7.1%); and other, 6 (0.7%). Their exercise volume was calculated to represent their exercise habits by multiplying score for exercise frequency by score for intensity. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that the primary care physicians' exercise volumes were associated with their age (P<0.01) and workplace (P<0.01), but not with their specialty (P=0.37). Primary care physicians in the older age group were more likely to have a higher exercise volume than those in the younger age groups (50–60 years > older than 60 years>40–50 years>30–40 years >24–30 years). Primary care physicians working in a clinic were more likely to have a higher exercise volume than those working in a university hospital, polyclinic hospital, or hospital.Conclusion: Primary care physicians' exercise habits were associated with their age and workplace, but not with their specialty.Keywords: primary care physician, self-administered questionnaire, exercise habits, age, specialty, workplace
Radicalising Community Development within Social Work through Popular Education—A Participatory Action Research Project

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article reports upon the efforts of three social work/social science academics in partnership with social and community practitioners, at radicalising community development (CD) within social work. The project was motivated by painful political events and processes unfolding around the world in 2017 and led to the design of a participatory action research approach with thirty-three practitioners. Engaging in several cycles of research (pre- and post questionnaires, observation, focus groups and interviews) and action learning (a popular education knowledge exchange day, a community of practice day and prototyping new projects) several new initiatives were implemented, including the formation of a new Popular Education Network. Reflections and discussion consider the implications of radicalising CD within social worker practice through combining education, organising and linking to progressive social movements. The article overall makes the case that popular education could be a crucial element in enabling the radicalisation of CD within social work.
Association between limiting longstanding illness in mothers and their children: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the association between maternal disability as measured by the presence of a limiting longstanding illness (LLI) 9 months postpartum and subsequent child health at the age of 7 years. Design Nationally representative prospective longitudinal study. Setting England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Participants Secondary analysis of data on 11 807 mother–child pairs recruited to the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Baseline interviews with mothers were carried out in 2001–2002. When the children were 7 years old, the follow-up survey included questions about limiting longstanding health conditions in the child. Primary outcome measure Any longstanding condition that was reported to limit the children's activities in any way. Results Nearly 7% of all children were reported to have an LLI at the age of 7 years. The majority (88.1%, 95% CI 85.6% to 90.2%) of children whose mother was disabled did not have an LLI themselves. The children of disabled mothers, however, had higher odds of LLI (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.5) independently of different maternal, pregnancy and birth characteristics and breast feeding duration. Inclusion of poverty measures in the model did not significantly affect the odds (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.4), suggesting that maternal LLI around the time of birth increases the odds of child LLI at the age of 7 years independently of starting life in poverty. Conclusions There is a strong positive association between maternal and child LLI. Health professionals should work together with social care and other relevant service providers to identify the individual needs of disabled parents and provide adequate support throughout the pregnancy and after the child is born. Further research is important to clarify the exact nature of the associations for different types of maternal and child disability.
Warfarin‐induced vitamin K deficiency affects spermatogenesis in Sprague‐Dawley rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Vitamin K is present in the testes though its actual function in male reproduction is poorly understood. This study investigated the harmful effect of extrahepatic vitamin K insufficiency on the testicular structure. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a diet containing warfarin for 2, 4 and 8 weeks; control animals received a standard diet without warfarin. It was found that extrahepatic vitamin K deficiency that is induced by warfarin results in histopathological features that range from delayed spermiation, presence of multinucleated giant cells in the seminiferous tubules, germ cells degeneration, asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia and increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm morphology when compared to the controls. Data obtained from the two groups were analysed using the Student t test. It is concluded that warfarin-induced vitamin K deficiency has a negative impact on spermatogenesis.
Obstacles to Good Work in Indian International Relations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article suggests that, from 1947 to the late 1980s, Indian International Relations (IIR) led the developing world and certainly Asian IR. Since then, China, Korea and Japan seem to have taken the lead. The article defines the nature of ‘good work’ as ‘good published work’ and argues that there are five key obstacles to better published work in IIR: the neglect of theory; the failure to define a series of animating puzzles, problematiques and problem-solving agendas; the lack of methodological training; the quality of teaching; and the mismanagement of professional life. Three reasons are advanced for the origins and persistence of these obstacles: post-colonial parochialism; the influence of the formative moment of the field in India; and the relationship of Political Science/IR to the Indian state. The article concludes that the remedies are primarily in the hands of Indian scholars and not with the government.
Braille Recognition by E-skin System based on Binary Memristive neural network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Braille system is world widely used for visually impaired people for communication. However, there are still some visually impaired people who are not able to learn Braille system due to various factors, such as the age (too young or too old), damage of brain, etc. A wearable and low-cost Braille recognition system may substantially help these people recognize Braille or assist them in Braille learning. In this work, we fabricated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based flexible pressure sensors to construct an electronic skin (E-skin) for the application of Braille recognition. The E-skin mimics the human touch sensing function for collecting Braille information. The Braille recognition is realized with a neural network based on memristors. We utilize a binary neural network algorithm with only two bias layers and three fully connected layers. Such neural network design remarkably reduces the calculation burden and thus the system cost. Experiments show that the system can achieve a recognition accuracy of up to 91.25%. This work demonstrates the possibility to realize a wearable and low-cost Braille recognition system and a Braille learning-assistance system.
Streams Flow Through It: Mapping the evolution of corporate governance research

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Research on corporate governance, and on boards of directors in particular, has long been an area of interest for management scholars. The research stream has been continuously investigated from the 1970s, but it has evolved in ways that have been difficult to capture in traditional approaches to review. Main Path Analysis (MPA) is a bibliometric methodology that uses citation networks to identify and trace the evolution of research domains. Using MPA, we identify network flows consisting of 83 articles that trace the evolution of corporate governance research over the past three decades. We describe and interpret the established and emergent research themes indicated by this network of articles.
Quaero at TRECVID 2010: Semantic Indexing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Quaero group is a consortium of French organization working on Multimedia Indexing and Retrieval1. UJF-LIG and KIT participated to the semantic indexing task and UJF-LIG participated to the organization of this task. This paper describes these participations. For the semantic indexing task, a classical approach based on feature extraction, classification and hierarchical late fusion was used. Four runs were submitted corresponding to the use or not of genetic algorithmbased fusion and of two distinct fusion optimization methods. Both led to a small performance improvement and our best run has an infAP of 0.0485 (33/101). UJF-LIG also co-organized the task with the support of the Quaero programme while taking care of avoiding conflict between participation and organization. We defined a new version of the previous HLF detection task, now called semantic indexing. Two versions of the task were proposed with different numbers of concept to detect: 10 for the “light ” version and 130 for the “full ” version. We organized as in 2007-2009 the collaborative annotation for this task using an active learning approach. An improvement was made this year by the use of relations between concepts during the annotation process. We also assessed 30 additional concepts for the evaluations. 10 of them were included in the official TRECVID 2010 evaluation and 20 more were delivered later. 1 Participation to the semantic indexing task The classical approach for concept classification in images or video shots is based on a three-stage pipeline: descriptors extraction, classification and fusion. In the
Contextual Models of Party Identification: A Critical Examination

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

AbstractA growing number of papers have appeared which report that the partisanship of the local context influences the party attachments of individual residents. The present paper criticizes this finding and the contextual approach to the study of partisan choice. First, the general mathematical model of contextual partisanship is derived from existing research. Next, a multiple data file, consisting of survey and aggregate evidence, is used to examine the generality of certain specific models. Finally, the same data file is employed to consider the effects of two assumptions common to contextual models, "random mixing" and nonselection. Only one of four specific models is initially found to fit observations. Further analysis reveals that individuals' party allegiances are spuriously attributed to contextual influences as a result of assuming random mixing and nonselection.
Strategic intersectional identity management strategies amidst identity threats: insights from U.S. Latina nonprofit CEOs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study identifies the strategic intersectional identity management (SIIM) behaviors that Latina nonprofit CEOs engage in to navigate hegemonic spaces. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected via semi-structured life history interviews with Latina CEOs of nonprofit organizations and analyzed using critical race feminist thematic analysis grounded in critical race theory (CRT), Latinx Critical Legal (LatCrit) theory and feminist theory. Counterstorytelling methods reveal Latina CEOs’ SIIM behaviors and challenge dominant narratives of leadership. Findings Latina CEOs recounted experiences of identity threats and their identity manifestations and suppression strategies within five contexts: white supremacy hotbeds, liberal white supremacist spaces, pan-ethnic Latinx communities, white feminist spaces and women of color (WOC)-led workplaces. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on Latina CEOs of nonprofits, a distinct context which shares many similarities with for-profit CEO roles. We use a small sample size that, while appropriate for our methodology, limits generalizability. Practical implications This research provides valuable insights for practitioners, including board members, donors, staff and coalition partners. It highlights the need for changes in board development, funder education and transformative allyship among coalition partners. Originality/value This paper offers SIIM as a way to challenge monolithic constructions of Latinidad and advocates for intersectional analyses and nuance when studying and supporting Latina leaders.
Pieter de Marees (fl. 1602)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Pieter de Marees' history of Guinea is one of the earliest European descriptions of Luso-African society. Primarily about the Gold Coast (Ghana), De Marees' account also treats modern-day Senegal, Benin, and Gabon. Its interest in Luso-African interbreeding allowed both the Dutch (who read it in Theodor De Bry's India Orientalis of 1604) and the English (who read the translation appended by Purchas to his extract from Richard Jobson's Voyage to Gambra) to distinguish their own involvement in the West African slaving for which Africans are here figured as physically suitable.Keywords:ChildbirthSucklingSkin ColorNakednessLustInterracial SexScarficationSlaveryFetishesEuropeans and Africans compared
Analysis of a wire antenna of arbitrary shape

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A fast yet accurate method for analyzing a wire antenna of arbitrary shape is developed. In addition to the straight line in a wire grid model, a new canonical element, namely, an arc of constant radius of curvature is introduced. For a curvilinear antenna, combination of bent and unbent lines could substantially reduce the fitting error. A technique is devised that solves the vector wave equation on the surface of an arced segment as simple as if it were a straight one. As each segment is relatively long in the enhanced mode, symmetry of the impedance matrix can be fully utilized to speed up the computation. The scheme is used to study some typical curvilinear antennas and excellent results are observed.
Specialized Position of the Horns, and Frontal and Parietal Bones in Bos taurus (Bovini, Artiodactyla), and Notes on the Evolution of Bos

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We explored the unusual position, anatomy and evolutionary significance of the position of the horns in Bos taurus. In the genus Bos, the frontal bone, frontal sinus and parietal bones are shifted and repositioned. A new occipital (pseudo-occipital) crest forms at the edge of the calvaria. The true occipital crest has shifted to the back along with the parietal. The frontal sinus has overridden a parietal sinus. We compared this bone reorganization with the anatomy of deer (Dama and Odocoileus), a gazelle (Gazella dorcas) and a bovid (Eotragus clavatus) in which the bones are in the primitive positions. The fetal Bos has a fontanelle which is not seen in Gazella or Odocoileus. An evolutionary succession can be developed based on the backward shift of the frontal and horns in Bos taurus and other Bovini.
Psychometric Properties of Lower Limb Somatosensory Function and Body Awareness Outcome Measures in Children with Upper Motor Neuron Lesions: A Systematic Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A systematic review of the psychometric properties and feasibility of outcome measures assessing lower limb somatosensory function and body awareness in children with upper motor neuron lesion. We followed the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments guidelines. Two raters independently judged the quality and risk of bias of each study. Data synthesis was performed, and aspects of feasibility were extracted. Twelve studies investigated eleven somatosensory function measures quantifying four modalities and eight body awareness measures quantifying two modalities. The best evidence synthesis was very low to low for somatosensory function modalities and low for body awareness modalities. Few feasibility aspects were reported (e.g., the percentage or minimum age of participants able to perform the tests). Current evidence on the psychometric characteristics of somatosensory function and body awareness outcome measures are relatively sparse. Further research on psychometric properties and practical application is needed.
New Constitutionalism for Biosiversity vs. Neoconstitutionalism of Risk

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n73p255 Based on an “eco-systemic” democracy that seeks to preserve biodiversity through the recognition of the co-evolutionary link between nature and culture, the Andean Constitutionalism emerges as the expression of a counter-hegemonic constitutionalism committed to the construction of a new institutional framework through the inclusion of new participatory and intercultural mechanisms. Departing from western constitutional paradigms, this groundbreaking constitutionalism revisits the “Gaia hypothesis” and legitimizes a real “social contract” among the people and nature, and instead of considering it as an “object” of ownership, exploitation, or conservation, it regards nature as a legal “subject” and primary source of society itself and the Constitution as its “legal grantor and protector”.
Oral manifestations of Ehlers‐Danlos syndromes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Ehlers‐Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of inherited connective tissue disorders. Patients with EDS exhibit distinct pathologies of the teeth and the oral cavity. Here, we summarize the current knowledge in the various EDS types, in particular regarding severe changes in oral health‐related quality of life, the differential emergence of periodontitis, characteristic yet highly cumbersome dental manifestations, apparent anomalies of oral soft tissues, and relevant issues related to dental implantology. Resolution of remaining open questions will primarily rely on the standardization of diagnostic criteria. Clinical centers that specialize on this rare pathology need to apply congruent approaches for exact characterization of clinical features in conjunction with genetic validation that should be reached without exception in all patients and relevant family members.
Supplement_1_JPsychopharm_REVISED – Supplemental material for Oxytocin and vasopressin modulation of prisoner’s dilemma strategies

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Supplemental material, Supplement_1_JPsychopharm_REVISED for Oxytocin and vasopressin modulation of prisoner’s dilemma strategies by Maria Leonor Neto, Marília Antunes, Manuel Lopes, Duarte Ferreira, James Rilling and Diana Prata in Journal of Psychopharmacology
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY AND ECCONOMIC GROWH WHAT CAUSES WHAT: AN EMPIRCAL ANALYSIS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper discusses the cause and consequences of the deterioration and depressing condition of higher education in Muslim countries. The study establishes the links between academic research and economic development. Alternative hypothesis to envisage the causes of sustainable economic development were discussed with historical evidences. The hypothesis of external conspiracy was not accepted in the study and it was concluded that weak human resources are mainly responsible for deterioration in the higher education.
ABSTRACT Toward Usable Access Control for End-users: A Case Study of Facebook Privacy Settings

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many protection mechanisms in computer security are designed to enforce a configurable policy. The security policy captures high-level goals and intentions, and is managed by a policy author tasked with translating these goals into an implementable policy. In our work, we focus on access control policies where errors in the specified policy can result in the mechanism incorrectly denying a request to access a resource, or incorrectly allowing access to a resource that they should not have access to. Due to the need for correct policies, it is critical that organizations and individuals have usable tools to manage security policies. Policy management encompasses several subtasks including specifying the initial security policy, modifying an existing policy, and comprehending the effective policy. The policy author must understand the configurable options well enough to accurately translate the desired policy into the implemented policy. Specifying correct security policies is known to be a difficult task, and prior work has contributed policy authoring tools that are more usable than the prior art and other work has also shown the importance of the policy author being able to quickly understand the effective policy. Specifying a correct policy is difficult enough for technical users, and now, increasingly, end-users are being asked to make access
Polymer interaction of the genes SHY2 and MSG1, NPH4 and IAR2 in the inheritance of the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. root system

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Roots branching regulation is an important adaptive mechanism for the adaptation of plants to root environments. Elucidation of the genetic mechanisms involved in increase in the degree of plant root branching is essential in improving the responsiveness of crops to supply elements. The aim was to study the interaction of the genes SHY2 and MSG1, NPH4 and IAR2 as attributes of the root system of A. thaliana are inherited. By crossing plants of the mutant lines shy2-2×msg1-2, nph4-1×iar2-1, a segregation in F2 was observed, suggesting an interaction between the polymer SHY2 and MSG1, NPH4 and IAR2 genes. The segregation ratio of the phenotypes in F2 is 15:1. The results presented are of interest for practical use of the economically valuable trait «branching roots» in plant breeding to create varieties and hybrids with the desired properties of mineral nutrition. Our data indicate that the ability of plant roots to increase the degree of branching depends on individual genes and can be inherited through polymer gene interactions. Knowing the polymeric nature of inheritance in the root system, the length of lateral roots in the interaction of genes can be combined by crossing genes and increase the degree of branching of the roots from cultivated plants to create agrochemically effective varieties and hybrids.