jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Moringa Oleifera Seed Meal and Its Economic Benfit: The Effect on Productive Performance of Laying Chicken

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of graded levels of moringa oleifera seed meal (MOSM) on productive performance of laying chickens using one hundred and eighty (180) Bovin brown layers aged 28 weeks old. Five dietary treatments Iso-caloric and Iso-nitrogenious diets based on different levels inclusion of MOSM as plant protein sources were manually formulated giving the dietary treatments containing 0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12 and 0.16% MOSM for T 1 (control), T 2 , T 3 , T 4 and T 5 respectively. The birds were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment consisted of three replicates of thirty six (36) birds each and twelve (12) birds per replicate. The experiment lasted for seven (7) weeks. The effects on feed intake (FI), egg weight (EWT), Hen-day egg production (HDE), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and Persistency were determined. FI showed a progressive increase with advancements in age, yet there was no significant (p>0.05) difference observed between all the treatment groups. The EWT was significantly highest in 0.16% MOSM and lowest in 0.12% MOSM. HDE production showed a progressive decrease as level of MOSM increased in the diets. However, the HDE showed an increased trend with advancement in age. Further, FCR was significantly highest in the group fed 0.04% MOSM which indicate relatively lower performance of the birds in that group. Generally all the parameters observed in this study were affected by age significantly and are also either higher or within the normal established standard. The findings of this study therefore concluded that MOSM at 0.16% can be used in supplementing laying chickens diets to improve their productive performance without any detrimental effect.
Migrants, Smugglers, Traders and Treacherous Rivers: A Genealogy of the Bihar-Nepal Border from Treaty of Sugauli to c. 1947

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In September 1903, an attempt was made to rob a runner for the postal services between British India and the Nepal Durbar.He had started his journey from Raxaul in Champaran, Bihar, into Nepalese territory.When the robbers attacked him he resisted and, through the timely intervention by some villagers, the robbery bid was foiled.The next day traders in Kathmandu received the two parcels the runner was carrying, which were insured for the sum of Rs 2,000 and Rs 1,800.The report received by the postal authorities mentioned that these packets contained nothing but waste paper.This was a peculiar situation: why insure packets of waste paper for relatively large sums of money?The postal authorities traced the sender of the parcels: a man named Sherbahadur.In the inquiry it was found that the attack on the runner was planned and executed by Sherbahadur with the help of his two servants.The idea was to later claim the insurance money from the postal authorities.It was an ingenious plan devised to take advantage of the ease with which the border between Bihar and Nepal could be crossed but also the fact that it was indeed an international border with distinct administrative and political structures on either side of the border.The border between Bihar and Nepal created asymmetry in the structures of administrative, juridical and police powers which allowed Sherbahadur to devise a strategy that used the administrative processes of the colonial government to his advantage.Although the strategy is based on a two-pronged manoeuvre that rests on the governmental processes of the colonial power, it can be realised only through violence.This is the leitmotif of the evolution of Bihar-Nepal border where the lines are constantly challenged through violence, capricious flows of rivers, and political subjects who simply refuse to give up their autonomy in the face of the border making and policing processes of state power.Sherbahadur was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment while his two servants were sentenced to twelve years in prison (Government of India 1903).However, cases like these would haunt authorities on both sides of the borders for decades to come.In the case of Sherbahadur, the authorities were alarmed enough to contemplate changing
Levels of Health-related Quality of Life (EQ-5D) and Its Related Factors among Vulnerable Elders Receiving Home Visiting Health Care Services in Some Rural Areas

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify levels of quality of health-related life (EQ-5D) and its related factors among vulnerable elders receiving home visiting health care services in some rural areas. Methods: The subjects of this study were vulnerable elders aged 65 or higher receiving visiting health care benefits by a public health center in a county. Results: Levels of health-related EQ-5D were high when the subjects were males, their ADL and IADL were high. The EQ-5D of the vulnerable elders and social supports had a positive correlation, while their IADL and depression had a negative correlation with the EQ-5D. We can see that the EQ-5D related factors are variables that have significance influence on gender, subjective health status, BMI, IADL, depression levels, and social support. Conclusion: To improve the EQ-5D of the vulnerable elderly, it needs maintenance of independent IADL levels, social supporting systems using small meeting of the elderly in community. It is necessary to maintain independent IADL levels, enhance social supporting systems including small group gatherings for elders living alone by means of places like community halls, and develop specific intervention programs for the prevention and management of depressive elders.
Adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of asthma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Using a primate antigen inhalation model the mechanisms involved in the induction of airway hyperresponsiveness were studied. Antigen inhalation induced a prolonged airway eosinophilia. Chronic airway eosinophilia, intratracheal instillation of eosinophil major basic protein, repeated antigen inhalation, and airway epithelial desquamation induced, or were associated with, an increase in airway responsiveness. Using monoclonal antibodies to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), the contributions of these cell adhesion molecules to antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness were studied. ICAM-1 partially mediated eosinophil adhesion to endothelium in vitro, was upregulated on inflamed endothelium and epithelium in vitro and in vivo, and contributed to repeated antigen-induced airway eosinophilia and hyperresponsiveness. ELAM-1 was upregulated on inflamed endothelium (but not epithelium) in vitro and in vivo, but did not contribute to the repeated antigen-induced airway eosinophilia and hyperresponsiveness. These results indicate that antagonism of ICAM-1, but not ELAM-1, may provide a novel therapeutic approach to reducing the airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness commonly found in asthmatics.
A Novel Nondestructive Bit-Line Discharging Scheme for Deep Submicrometer STT-RAMs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A combination of semiconductor integrated circuits (IC) and a dense array of scaled magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) makes promising Spin-Transfer Torque Random Access Memory (STT-RAM). This emerging memory minimizes the leakage power consumption and provides a high density at scaled technologies. In this paper, we propose a novel non-destructive self-reference sensing scheme for STT-RAM. The proposed technique overcomes the large bit-to-bit variation of MTJ resistance. In the proposed scheme, the stored value in the STT-RAM cell preserves, hence, the long write-back operation is eliminated. Besides, the sensing scheme is accomplished in one step. In this scheme, the Bit-Line is pre-charged and then discharged during read operation. The MTJ resistance state can be found by comparing the time constant of discharging. The simulation results show the overall sensing time is 4 ns when the Bit-Line capacitance is equal to 200 fF.
Characterization of Two Nonallelic Pairs of Late Histone H2A and H2B Genes of the Sea Urchin: Differential Regulation in the Embryo and Tissue-Specific Expression in the Adult

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two nonallelic pairs of late H2A and H2B genes of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris were isolated on two different cosmid clones. The genes of cosmid PmL1 are separated by 11 kilobases of DNA and code for the late H2A-2 and H2B-2 variants. The genes of clone PmL2 are divergently transcribed with 1,060 base pairs of intergenic spacer DNA and code for novel variants of the H2A-2 and H2B-2 type. A comparison of the promoter sequences revealed little homology upstream of the TATA box with the exception of a 24-base-pair-long conserved sequence which is present at the same position in both late H2B promoters and part of which is identical with the "H2B-specific" 5' element. The mRNAs of the H2A and H2B genes of cosmid PmL1 reach their maximal levels early in the mesenchyme blastula embryo, whereas the transcripts of both genes of clone PmL2 accumulate maximally only later in the pluteus larva. In the adult sea urchin all four mRNAs are present in the tube foot but not in the intestine and lantern muscle. This pattern of differential expression in the embryo and tissue-specific expression in the adult suggests cell lineage-specific regulation of the late H2A-2 and H2B-2 genes. Another class of late histone genes represented by the H2A-3 and H2B-1 genes was shown to be expressed in all three adult tissues tested, whereas transcripts of the late H2A-1 genes could not be detected, suggesting that these genes are active exclusively during sea urchin development.
Synthesis of colloidal aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles for transparent luminescent polymer nanocomposite films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Luminescent inorganic phosphors are widely used as wavelength-converting materials in many emerging applications including displays, solar cells, and bioimaging. This study demonstrates the synthesis of highly luminescent colloidal AlOH nanoparticles and the preparation of transparent luminescent AlOH/polymer composites. Colloidal AlOH nanoparticles are synthesized by the thermal decomposition of aluminum acetate hydroxide precursors in octadecene solution. The addition of oleic acid in the reaction mixture enables the control of the size and dispersity of the nanoparticles. As-synthesized nanoparticles are colloidally stable in non-polar solvents and exhibit excellent photoluminescence properties. Highly dispersible colloidal AlOH nanocrystals form stable mixtures with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers. Transmittance and photoluminescence measurements of the AlOH/EVA composite films when varying AlOH loading demonstrate that the transparent and luminescent AlOH/EVA composite films are promising candidates for applications in spectral converters. Keywords: Aluminum oxide, Aluminum hydroxide, Nanophosphor, Spectral converter
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the First Pentacarbon Metallacarborane Complex: nido-2-(.eta.5-C5H5)Fe-7-CH3-7,8,9,10,12-C5B6H10

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Structural Characterization of the First Pentacarbon Metallacarborane Complex: nido-2-(.eta.5-C5H5)Fe-7-CH3-7,8,9,10,12-C5B6H10Beverly A. Barnum, Patrick J. Carroll, and Larry G. SneddonCite this: Organometallics 1995, 14, 10, 4463–4464Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00010a008https://doi.org/10.1021/om00010a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Labor migration and the language barrier in contemporary Japan: the formation of a domestic language regime of a globalizing state

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article discusses the impact of the increase from the late 1980s in the frequency and number of foreign languages spoken in Japan in the judicial branch of the Japanese state. Particular attention is paid to the language barrier problem in Japan’s criminal justice process, the cause and consequences of the problem, as well as Japan’s response to it. The introduction points out that in the politics of language activated by the arrival of international labor migration, migrant receiving countries today are unable to anticipate that migrant language assimilation will occur, and that those countries — in particular Japan — need to respond to such a situation accordingly. Section 2 puts the language barrier problem into historical context to show that the problem reflects a substantial change in Japan’s international relations, and as such is a force of globalization. Section 3 reports on the legal and political implications of the problem for the contemporary Japanese state, and the immediate consequences of the problem after its revelation, namely that the legality and legitimacy of Japan’s administration of criminal justice to foreign language speakers within its jurisdiction was partially and temporarily constrained. Section 3 also presents Japan’s response to the problem, both by civil society and the state. It is argued that by introducing judicial interpretation into its criminal justice process, the Japanese state managed to recover within about a decade its capability to justify (as far as its interests in maintaining domestic order are concerned) the administration of criminal justice to foreigners in Japanese territory whose first language is not Japanese.
Ultrasonography versus laparoscopy in the diagnosis of hepatic tumors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

129 patients, with suspected primary or secondary benign or malignant liver neoplasm after clinical, biochemical and/or instrumental investigation underwent liver ultrasound and laparoscopy. Echographic findings were compared with laparoscopy when liver neoplasms were detected by the latter. When laparoscopy was negative, to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the two methods employed, the following variously associated parameters were analysed: clinical follow-up, liver biochemistry, computed tomography, liver selective arteriography and explorative laparotomy. In the 129 patients examined, echography showed 86.7% diagnostic accuracy and laparoscopy 89.4%. The association of the two methods led to a diagnosis of hepatic lesion in 98.4% with no further diagnostic investigations. The two procedures can be considered complementary to such an extent that, in case of suspected primary or secondary liver neoplasm, the association of ultrasound and laparoscopy represents a quick and ultimate diagnostic approach. Furthermore, the association of these two procedures seems the least expensive and the most feasible, even in not particularly well equipped units.
Research on Green Innovation of the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group Based on Network

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article aims to promote the high-quality development of the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group and improve the green innovation efficiency of urban agglomeration. This article takes green innovation in networked urban agglomerations as its research subject. Furthermore, it analyzes the impact of network structure characteristics such as network scale and network structure hole on green innovation in urban agglomerations. Moreover, this study uses the unexpected output SBM model to measure green innovation efficiency of the eight prefecture-level cities in the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group from 2012 to 2018 and analyzes its influencing factors using the panel Tobit model. The results show that the overall green innovation efficiency of the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group is stable. The distribution of urban green innovation efficiency in the region is characterized by urban gradient and mid-stream drive. In the process of networked innovation, economic development, which has a positive impact on green innovation, promotes the overall effectiveness of the network structure. The low efficiency of urban educational resources, which has a negative impact on green innovation, leads to the redundancy of a network scale. The unapparent advantage of industrial structures, which have a negative impact on the development of green innovation, leads to the insufficient depth and breadth of network openness. Lastly, government support and the level of infrastructure have no impact on green innovation.
Nachweis von Alpha-1-Antitrypsin in exhaliertem Atemwegskondensat

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder that predisposes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and liver cirrhosis. The main function of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is to protect the lungs against neutrophil elastase. It is difficult to measure the levels of AAT in different compartments of the lung. Bronchoscopy is still the gold standard to assess the lower respiratory tract and the epithelial lining fluid (ELF). Measurement of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a non invasive method to investigate parameters of the epithelial lining fluid of the lung and to detect changes in physiological homeostasis. It was the aim of the study to show that AAT is measurable with the non invasive method of EBC. An AAT-ELISA and AAT-Western Blot were standardized to detect very small amounts of AAT in EBC. AAT was also measurable in patients with AATD. No correlation could be found between AAT-serum-levels and AAT-levels in EBC. A further aim of this study was to compare AAT-levels in EBC of healthy controls (HC), patients with stable and exacerbated COPD as well as augmented and non-augmented patients with AATD. Patients with exacerbated COPD had significantly increased AAT-values compared to HCs and patients with stable COPD. Augmented patients with AATD had also significantly higher AAT-values in EBC compared to HCs and patients with stable COPD. Furthermore, non augmented AATD-patients showed significantly higher AAT-values compared with augmented AATD-patients. In a final step pH- and interleukin-8-values (IL-8) as markers of pulmonary inflammation were measured in EBC from patients with stable and exacerbated COPD, augmented and non augmented patients with AATD and from healthy controls. Patients with stable and exacerbated COPD showed significantly lower pH-values compared to HCs. IL-8-values in EBC of patients with AATD were significantly higher than in patients with COPD and HCs. In conclusion we found EBC collection is extremely simple to perform, non invasive, inexpensive and reproducible. Therefore, it is well-suited for non invasive analysis in longitudinal follow-ups and individual monitoring of patients with chronicle disease. It could be shown that AAT has an important role as acute-phase-protein and marker of inflammation. Especially in inflammatory processes of the lung it has major impact. More standardization work must be done to improve the method of EBC for future approach.
Aeromonas Infections in Humans. Antibiotic Resistance and Treatment Options

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The genus Aeromonas is widely distributed in aquatic environments. It is frequent as a fish pathogen, but has also been described associated to human infections. Most human cases are caused by A. caviae, A. veronii biovar sobria, and A. hydrophila, though A. dhakensis is becoming increasingly important. Transmission happens primarily by ingestion or contact with aquatic collections, or by consumption of contaminated food, especially of aquatic origin. Increasing resistance has been described in Aeromonas to penicillins, including their combinations with classical b-lactamase inhibitors, cephalosporins and carbapenems. Among the b-lactam antibiotics, only the 4th generation cephalosporins remain almost uniformly active. In addition, the simultaneous presence of resistance genes to 3rd generation cephalosporins and carbapenems in the same isolates is increasing. Recently, the presence of mobile genes linked to colistin resistance has also been described, in some cases with resistance percentages higher than 30%. Most likely, this evolution of colistin resistance is linked to its use in aquaculture, and, together with the evolution of b-lactam resistance, may be turning this genus into a reservoir of resistance genes that may affect other species much more frequently linked to human infections, such as Enterobacterales.
An investigation of the role of brand image on consumer loyalty

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper presents an investigation on the role of brand image on customer loyalty on rubber industry. The proposed study designs a questionnaire in Likert scale consists of 27 questions, distributes it among some Iranian experts in rubber industry and analyzes it based on principal component analysis. During the survey, the number questions are reduced to 23. Cronbach alpha is calculated as 0.812 and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Approx. Chi-Square are 0.671 and 2375, respectively. Based on the results of our survey, we have derived six factors including penetration strategy, infrastructure characteristics, competitive pricing, target marketing strategy, communication strategy and market characteristics.
Infinite-dimensional stochastic differential equations arising from Airy random point fields

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Airy$_{β}$ random point fields ($ β= 1,2,4$) are random point fields emerging as the soft-edge scaling limits of eigenvalues of Gaussian random matrices. We construct the unlabeled diffusion reversible with respect to the Airy$_{β}$ random point field for each $ β= 1,2,4$. We identify the infinite-dimensional stochastic differential equations (ISDEs) describing the labeled stochastic dynamics for the unlabeled diffusion mentioned above. We prove the existence and pathwise uniqueness of strong solutions of these ISDEs. Furthermore, the solution of the ISDE is the limit of the solutions of the stochastic differential equations describing the dynamics of the $ N $-particle system in the soft-edge limit. We thus establish the construction of the stochastic dynamics whose unlabeled dynamics are reversible with respect to the Airy random point fields. When $ β=2 $, the solution equals the stochastic dynamics defined by the space-time correlation functions obtained by Prähofer--Spohn, Johansson, Katori--Tanemura, and Corwin--Hammond, among others. We develop a new method whereby these ISDEs have unique, strong solutions. We expect that our approach is valid for other soft-edge scaling limits of stochastic dynamics arising from the random matrix theory.