jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nutritional, microbial and physicochemical changes in pear juice under ultrasound and commercial pasteurization during storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, the microbial and nutritional aspects of pear juice with conventional or ultrasound (US) treatment during storage at 4 °C were studied. The conventional pasteurization was 95 °C for 5 min while US-pasteurizations (frequency 30 kHz, amplitude 70%) were 25, 45, and 65 °C for 10 min, under a probe sonicator (750 W). Control, US25 and US45 had shelf lives of 9, 12, and 15 days respectively. Ascorbic acid, total phenols, total anti oxidant capacity, and cloud value decreased in all treatments while pH, acidity, and sugars remained stable. Both treatments (P95 and US65) remained viable after 21 days of storage, however, loss of bioactive compounds in P95 (16.39%) was significantly higher than that of US65 (7.44%), indicating US-pasteurization a promising pear juice processing technology at low temperature, retaining bioactive compounds, meeting safety standards, and increasing shelf life. Practical applications Complete microbial and enzymatic deactivation is achieved at commercial thermal pasteurization techniques, but these elevated temperatures cause losses in nutritional and sensory attributes of the end product. While microbial and enzymatic deactivation in pear juice was achieved at lower temperature using thermosonication in the present study. The low temperature pasteurizations exhibited higher retention and availability of bioactive compounds than the traditional high temperature pasteurizations over the studied shelf life period. The findings of the study would pave way for the commercial processing of pear juice with improved quality and shelf life.
Impact of Environment on the Spatio‐Temporal Distribution of Rotifers in the Tidal Guangzhou Segment of the Pearl River Estuary, China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Rotifers were studied at two sites (Zhongda and Huangpu) in the tidal Guangzhou segment of the Pearl River in China, from April 2004 to March 2007. Fifty‐six species were recorded. Rotifers were most abundant during late fall. Overall, densities ranged from 4 to 5975 ind. L –1 , with mean densities of 1627 ± 233 ind. L –1 at Zhongda and 1051 ± 147 ind. L –1 at Huangpu. There was a positive correlation between rotifer density and chlorophyll a concentration at both sites. At Huangpu, rotifer abundance was significantly negatively correlated with salinity. Analysis of partial correlations suggested that the fluvial hydrodynamics and the physico‐chemical characteristics of the river affected chlorophyll and the development of rotifer populations was determined by chlorophyll in the lower reaches of Pearl River. The results also show that rotifer density estimates are significantly affected by sampling method. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of the Indian Telemedicine Assessment Scale

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and Aim: Telemedicine has gained prominence as a remote healthcare delivery method. In regions with limited access to medical services, telemedicine bridges the gap by providing remote consultations. In India, the government introduced the e-Sanjeevani platform for delivering telemedicine services in two modalities: cloud-based as well as assisted telemedicine systems. This study introduces the Indian Telemedicine Assessment Scale (I-TASC), a tool designed to assess the usability and effectiveness of the assisted telemedicine platform from the perspective of healthcare provider as the end user. Materials and Methods: The development of I-TASC consisted of four phases: literature review, construct development, item formulation, and reliability assessment. Existing telemedicine questionnaires were reviewed for developing I-TASC. The scale encompasses five constructs: ease of use, learning, interface quality, usefulness, and satisfaction. A 15-item questionnaire was formed and validated with 56 healthcare providers. Cronbach’s alpha assessed reliability. Results: The instrument’s reliability, measured by Cronbach’s alpha score, demonstrated strong internal consistency within each of the five domains (α >0.8), with excellent overall reliability (α >0.9). Conclusion: I-TASC emerges as a reliable tool for assessing assisted telemedicine systems. Leveraging established telehealth measures, it exhibits strong content validity. The I-TASC is a robust tool, promising substantial value for assessing healthcare service delivery using an assisted telemedicine system.
Neural indicators of sexual objectification: an examination of the late positive potential (LPP), sexual objectification, and the body-inversion effect

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In Western cultures, sexualized women are frequently viewed as if they were objects rather than people (i.e., dehumanized). Researchers have reported an inversion effect in which images of sexualized men were more accurately identified in an upright (vs. inverted) position (person-like recognition), whereas images of sexualized women were equally recognized across both inverted and upright positions (object-like recognition). The current study (N = 37) conceptually adds to these findings by examining a neural indicator – the late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential that tracks attention to relevant stimuli. We expected and found that inverted stimuli elicited a greater LPP overall, consistent with more effortful processing. Moreover, a greater LPP for inverted (vs. upright) male targets was associated with poorer accuracy, whereas no LPP-accuracy association was observed for female targets; this LPP pattern across males and females is consistent with perceiving females in a dehumanizing manner. The results also suggest that hostile sexist attitudes are associated with dehumanizing female images, that is, participants viewed women via an analytical processing-style characteristic of object-perception. However, the examination of ambivalent sexism was exploratory and future research is needed to clarify the findings. The current study adds to the self-objectification and sexism literature.
Computational analysis of stress map variations by industrial light sources and load additions in digital photoelasticity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In digital photoelasticity, evaluating the stress map is often affected in regions with critical values. This phenomenon is associated to color degradation effect and high fringe densities. It is a consequence of different experimental conditions, such as: type of birefringent material, relative spectral content of light source, relative spectral response of camera sensor, polarization optical elements, load application, etc. In this study field, the main goal accounts for evaluating the stress values, as better as possible, from photoelasticity images. Which turns the view towards the process that allow to acquire photoelasticity images with more complete information. This makes necessary to analyze the possible effects that each element could introduce into the photoelasticity image generation. This paper presents a computational analysis on the effect that different industrial light sources introduces for recovering the stress maps. Hence, four common industrial light sources are considered for generating the photoelasticity images. In this case, results reveal that there are light sources which represent stronger limitations for evaluating the stress, and that Such effect varies with the load increments. This approach is useful for predicting the possible effect that a light source selection could introduce into the stress evaluation process.
An efficient defense method for compromised switch and middlebox-bypass attacks in service function chaining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Service function chaining (SFC) has a special and powerful ability to define an ordered list of required network services as a virtual chain and makes a network more flexible and manageable. However, there are many vulnerabilities to SFC, such as compromised switches and middlebox-bypass attacks, which can damage the operation and security of the network. In this study, we propose a mechanism that not only detects both middlebox-bypass attacks and compromised switch attacks in multiple service function chains scenario but also prevents such attacks and protects the network. The proposed mechanism uses both probe-based and statistics-based methods to handle the probe packets and collect statistics from middleboxes for detecting any attacks in SFC. After detection, the mechanism changes the network topology to eliminate the compromised switches, while meeting the initial requirements of the service chains. By combining probe-based and statistics-based methods, our proposal overcomes the disadvantages of other proposed solutions and brings about a robust protection to SFC. As the experimental results indicate, the proposed mechanism is an effective and relevant approach for detecting and preventing compromised switches and middlebox-bypass attacks in SFC.
A Study of the Relationship between China’s Fiscal Expenditure Structure and Urban-Rural Income Gap

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper uses additive non-parametric model to study the linear and nonlinear relation between china's fiscal expenditure structure and urban-rural income gap.The result shows that the structure of fiscal expenditure has a significant linear and nonlinear impact on income gap between urban-rural residents, but different item of fiscal expenditure takes a different impact.Finally, this paper proposed some suggestions to reduce the gap between urban and rural residents.
An Artificial Neural Network Based Design of Triple-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the development of communication system, multi-band antenna becomes more and more significant. In this paper, a triple-band microstrip patch antenna using artificial neural network techniques to optimize working bandwidth is proposed. The antenna is mainly composed of two metal patches and FR4 substrate. Three operating bands with the center frequency of 1.52 GHz (1.47 1.57 GHz), 2.46 GHz (2.43 2.48 GHz) and 2.79 GHz (2.78 2.81 GHz). Artificial neural network (ANN) model is trained and tested to optimize the bandwidth of the antenna, the simulation software HFSS is used to obtain 162 data sets of proposed antenna with four parameters related to patch dimension and substrate materials. According to the final test results, the average percentage error was within the acceptable range. The antenna also performs well in terms of gain. The antenna can be effectively used for WLAN applications.
Information search costs and trade credit: evidence from high-speed rail connections

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We investigate the impact of information search costs on firms’ access to trade credit used as a major source of interfirm financing. Using the openings of high-speed rails (HSR) in China as exogenous shocks, we find that firms located in cities with HSR connections receive more trade credit from their suppliers. Further analyses show that the HSR effect on trade credit concentrates among customers with poor information transparency and that HSR openings improve the customers’ information environment, suggesting that a decline in information search costs promotes supplier financing. Our finding reveals a positive externality of HSR construction on interfirm financing.
Unity or Estrangement Under Crises? Perceived Resource Scarcity Moderates the Effect of a Common Threat on Intergroup Cooperation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Human history and recent empirical studies have documented many cases of human unity or estrangement during global crises. This reflects that a common threat may not always promote intergroup cooperation. An intriguing question arises: What determines the effect of a common threat on intergroup cooperation? In response, we proposed and tested the moderating role of perceived resource scarcity in the effect of a common threat on intergroup cooperation. We found that when perceived resource scarcity was low, common threats posed by pandemics (Studies 1 and 2) and earthquakes (Study 3) promoted intergroup cooperation in controlling outbreaks, building public medical systems, and reducing public resource depletion. However, the effect attenuated when perceived resource scarcity was high. The findings broaden our understanding of common threats and provide avenues to enhance intergroup cooperation in the face of interminable global crises.
Long-term survival after aortic valve replacement for native active infective endocarditis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of acute surgery for native aortic valve endocarditis and its influence on the long-term prognosis after surgery. METHODS: A total of 161 patients underwent aortic valve replacement for native active aortic valve endocarditis (NAAVE) during a 29-year period, from 1967 to 1995 (age range: 10 to 72 years; mean 48 +/- 12). The main indication for surgery was progressive congestive heart failure (76%). Other indications were untreatable sepsis (27%), peripheral or central emboli (12%) and, from 1978, echocardiographic evidence of friable, pedunculated vegetations (3%). Streptococcal and staphylococcal infections predominated. Concomitant procedures were performed in 27% of the patients, including mitral and tricuspid valve surgery and coronary bypass procedures. RESULTS: Operative mortality was 8% in the majority of cases caused by heart failure or multi-organ failure. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified NYHA class IV to be an independent predictor for postoperative death. Long-term survival for discharged patients was 75% at 10 years and 58% at 15 years, with a mortality rate of 3.6%/patient/year. Cox regression analysis identified the year of operation, trivalvular endocarditis and staphylococcal infection as independent predictors of survival. At 10 and 15 years after aortic valve replacement, 91% and 84% of the patients, respectively, were free of recurrent endocarditis. The presence of an abscess cavity at first operation was found to be predictive of recurrent endocarditis. CONCLUSIONS: Valve replacement for NAAVE offers a good chance for a cure and satisfactory long-term survival. Improvements in pre- and per-operative management of the very ill patient, and the use of allograft valves are likely to further improve long-term results. Finally, the presence of staphylococcal endocarditis requires long-term postoperative antibiotic therapy.
Single Phase Drive Ultrasonic Motor Using LiNbO3 Rectangular Vibrator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A miniature thin-plate ultrasonic motor fabricated from LiNbO3 was studied. To obtain a single phase drive motor, we used a coupling mode which combined a longitudinal and flexural in-plane vibrations. In our previous study, the coupling modes were achieved in a parallelogram vibrator by the effect of additional external mass. Instead of deforming the outer shape, this study uses an internal coupling effect resulting from the crystal anisotropy. We confirmed that a rectangular plate vibrator made of X-rotated Y-cut LiNbO3 with additional y'-axis rotation has coupling modes and can operate as the stator of a single phase motor. In this paper, we describe the design of the vibrator with finite element method analysis and the experimental results from the ultrasonic motor using a LiNbO3 rectangular plate 10 mm in length. The motor with a rotor shaft 1 mm in diameter demonstrated the following characteristics: a speed of 1000 rpm and torque of 25 µN m in counter-clockwise (CCW) revolution, and of 5000 rpm and 12 µN m in clockwise (CW) revolution. We obtained the reverse rotation experimentally; however, the different characteristics between CW and CCW operation, which are obstacle to practical use, are subjects for future study.
Mo‘okū‘auhau versus Colonial Entitlement in English Translations of the Kumulipo

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1895 Queen Lili’uokalani was put on trial, sentenced, and imprisoned in ‘Iolani Palace for misprision of treason after an armed royalist attempt to reinstate the Hawaiian Kingdom. During her imprisonment, she began her translation of the Kumulipo, her mo’okū’auhau (genealogy), which traces her descent from over eight hundred generations and recounts the universe’s beginnings. Despite this history, Lili’uokalani’s translation is largely invisible, and the American folklorist Martha Warren Beckwith’s translation, published in 1951, is often thought to be the only one. Exactly how this has come to pass, I assert, is directly related to how “colonial entitlement” continues to pervade academic forums. Comparing these translations of the Kumulipo, this essay examines the opposition between colonial entitlement and mo’okū’auhau. I “ho’okū’auhau,” or genealogize, as a methodology to contextualize both translations before comparing them ideologically, politically, and aesthetically. I conclude with how the Kumulipo challenges American Empire, using Jamaica Osorio’s 2009 performance of “Kumulipo” at the White House.
Tumor de células da granulosa e gravidez.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ovary tumor and pregnancy is a rare and serious condition with an unexpected outcome as it can interfere with the course of pregnancy. The authors report a case of a large juvenile granulosa cell tumor diagnosed at 33 weeks of pregnancy during a routine ultrasonographic examination. Pain, nausea and vomiting at the 35th week brought the suspicion of torsion.
Design of a robotic wrist rehabilitator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death in the world. Patients that suffered from minor stroke lapses undergo wrist rehabilitation and slowly regain their basic wrist movement through sessions of progressive wrist therapy. This project concerns the design and development of a robotic wrist rehabilitator. Study of the anatomy of the human wrist joint and wrist motion gives a better understanding on the design requirements of a wrist rehabilitation device. The mechanical design and functions of an existing wrist rehabilitation device is then analyzed. The pros and cons of the device are identified so that an improved version is created. The proposed prototype uses a cable-driven mechanism to achieve the pitch (flexion, extension) and yaw motion (abduction, adduction) of the wrist. The roll motion (pronation, supination) is provided separately by an external unit via a coupling when needed. Fabrication and assembly of the prototype is done and tests are carried out on the prototype to verify its functionality and performance. An important design consideration is to minimise the load on the patient’s wrist when using the device. This can be achieved by using light weight material for the handle and making its centre of mass close the wrist joint, reducing the torque loading. During testing, it is shown that the rehabilitator is able to provide the required range of motion for the human wrist. Conclusions and recommendations are included in the report.
Fabrication of optical MEMS switches having multilevel mirror-drive electrodes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this work is to show the effective way for the formation of optical MEMS switches by applying seamless integration technology (SeaiT) as a first step toward LSI integration. The fabrication process of the optical MEMS switches in this work consisted of electrode fabrication, mirror fabrication, and packaging. A 6-inch-diameter bulk-Si and SOI wafers are used for the fabrication of electrodes and mirrors, respectively.
A STUDY OF ANAEMIA AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN TIRUPATI RURAL AND URBAN AREAS THROUGH GOVERNMENT HIGH SCHOOLS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Our study was planned to assess the magnitude of problem of anaemia in adolescent girls in rural and urban areas of Tirupati and its association with various factors.The main objective was to study about the prevalence, various risk factors and anthropometric data in relation to anemia in adolescent girls who attended Government high schools in Tirupati rural and urban areas.A school based cross -sectional study was carried out during the period of October 2013 to October 2014.314 adolescent girls from rural Government high schools and 314 adolescent girls from urban Government high schools a total of 628 school going adolescent girls were selected.The SPSS software was used for the analysis of the data.Chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis., the present study revealed anaemia is a major health problem among the adolescent girls in both rural and urban areas in the present study area.Majority of the adolescent girls were within mild to moderate anaemia in both rural and urban groups.There is no significant difference in the severity of anaemia between early adolescence and late adolescence in both rural and urban groups.The prevalence of severity of anaemia was more among girls who belong to lower socio economic status.The prevalence of severity of anaemia was high among post menarchial girls in both rural and urban groups.The prevalence of severity of anaemia was high among post menarchial girls with menstrual problems in rural group.
Oxidative Stress and Cell Membranes in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Amyloid β proteins and oxidative stress are believed to have central roles in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Lipid membranes are among the most vulnerable cellular components to oxidative stress, and membranes in susceptible regions of the brain are compositionally distinct from those in other tissues. This review considers the evidence that membranes are either a source of neurotoxic lipid oxidation products or the target of pathogenic processes involving amyloid β proteins that cause permeability changes or ion channel formation. Progress toward a comprehensive theory of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is discussed in which lipid membranes assume both roles and promote the conversion of monomeric amyloid β proteins into fibrils, the pathognomonic histopathological lesion of the disease.
Evaluation of a rapid bacteriophage-based method for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Rapid, sensitive and low-cost methods are needed urgently for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples, especially in developing countries. To this end, the clinical performance of FASTPlaque TB TM (a bacteriophage-based method) has been studied in parallel with microscopy, standard microbiological culture and in-house IS 6110- based PCR methods. A total of 64 samples, including 42 sputum samples and 22 urine samples, were tested in this study. The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy values for the FASTPlaque TB assay relative to that of culture were respectively 76.5, 95 and 90 %. The corresponding values for the in-house IS 6110- based PCR assay were 88, 91 and 90 % and, for Ziehl – Neelsen staining, were 59, 95 and 85 %. FASTPlaque TB gave better clinical performance with urine samples than with sputum samples (sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy were 100 % with urine samples and 64, 93 and 84 % with sputum samples). The 100 % sensitivity of FASTPlaque TB was higher than that of the corresponding values for PCR (67 %) with urine samples. In conclusion, FASTPlaque TB proved to be sensitive, cheap relative to the PCR and rapid. It is able to detect M. tuberculosis in clinical samples within 1 day, reducing the time to diagnosis in comparison with culture.