jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the usefulness of the preliminary Usability Satisfaction Questionnaire (USQ), its dimensionality, and the impact of user characteristics

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the ability of the preliminary Usability Satisfaction Questionnaire (USQ), to measure user satisfaction with chatbots. We explored its concurrent validity by comparing it with an established questionnaire of usability, the UMUX-LITE, investigated its dimensionality and proposed a condensed version that we compared with previous results. Lastly, we investigated the impact of participants’ gender, “first-time usage” of chatbots, geekism, and institution-based trust on the scores of the USQ. Thirty-nine participants solved two tasks for five randomly assigned chatbots and rated the chatbots’ usability with the help of the USQ and UMUX-LITE. Some participants also filled out the institution-based trust and geekism questionnaires. The study included a correlational analysis between the USQ and the UMUX-LITE, a principal component analysis, and linear regression analyses. We found a positive correlation between the USQ and the UMUX-LITE, a PCA suggested a 5-component structure with 32 items, and linear regression analyses revealed no significant effects of the four independent variables on USQ scores. These results indicated strong psychometric qualities of the USQ and considerable overlap with prior studies despite some differences.
The Effect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction on Lower Extremity Biomechanics, Coordination, and Variability

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Individuals that suffer an ACL injury, and undergo reconstructive surgery are at an increased risk for the development of osteoarthritis and a secondary ACL injury. However, there is no information other than case studies, that has documented the effect of ACL injury on lower extremity biomechanics and coordination, and few studies have assessed asymmetry in these measures relative to noninjured individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine if lower extremity biomechanics and coordination are altered by ACL injury. A second purpose was to determine if differences in bilateral asymmetry in lower extremity biomechanics, coordination, and variability for those with ACL injury are greater than those with no injury. Following ACL injury, we observed an increase in knee valgus (F(2,66) = 3.957, p = 0.024) and hip adduction (F(2,66) = 3.773, p = 0.028) at Initial Ground Contact for both the injured and noninjured limb, as well as a decrease in peak knee varus (F(2, 66) = 5.198, p = 0.008). An increase in peak knee valgus was also observed in the noninjured limb (F(2,66) = 3.768, p = 0.028). This was associated with a decrease in peak knee extension moment (F(2,66) = 4.509, p = 0.015), peak hip flexion moment (F(2,66) = 3.847, p = 0.026), and peak anterior tibial shear force (F(2,66) = 4.530, p = 0.014) for the injured limb. In addition, we observed an alteration in coordination of hip and knee transverse plane motion for the injured limb following ACL injury (F(2,65) = 4.398, p = 0.016). The only differences we observed for asymmetry was for those with ACLR to have greater asymmetry for peak internal knee flexion moment (ZKS = 1.42, p = 0.035) and peak vertical ground reaction force (ZKS = 1.45, p = 0.031). We did not observe any significant difference in asymmetry of lower extremity coordination or variability between groups. Our findings provide evidence for how ACL injury and ACLR may increase an individual's risk for a second ACL injury and the development of osteoarthritis.
LYMPHOGRANULOMA INGUINALE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor:

—I note that in the discussion of the article "Lymphogranuloma Inguinale" (The Journal, September 24, p. 1065) the remarks of Dr. J. V. Van Cleve, in closing the discussion, on page 1071, are in error. The sentence reads in this discussion: "The antigen used is an alcoholic one." This is incorrect. The antigen should be prepared according to the method described in the article itself on page 1067. The antigen is prepared in normal saline solution.
Enhancing the Usability of Safety Software for Microcomputers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract With the proliferation of microcomputers, increasing effort is being made to write programs dealing with occupational safety and health. So as to assure the widespread use of this material, it is important that it be prepared in a manner easy to use. Ignoring this consideration may cause the potential users to be repelled by it from the start, or that its use will be difficult and error-prone. This article dwells on some of the points that need to be borne in mind when writing such software to make it easy and pleasant to use. Additionally, a project, carried out by the author, is described, which makes use of a free-form program access approach, as opposed to a purely menu-driven one. Two potential extensions of this approach are then described.
[Improvement of catalytic capability of Paecilomyces thermophila J18 thermostable beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase under acidic condition by directed evolution].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Directed evolution was used to improve the performance of beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase (designated as PtLicl6A) from Paecilomyces thermophila J18 under acidic condition. A mutant library was constructed by error-prone PCR and DNA shuffling, and positive clones were screened by Congo red staining. More than 1 500 mutants were selected. One mutant (PtLic16AM1) exhibited an optimal activity at pH 5.5, while the optimal pH of the wild-type enzyme was 7.0. The mutant PtLic16AM1 kept the high specific activity and thermotolerence of the wild-type enzyme. Sequence analysis revealed that the mutant enzyme has four sense substitutions which caused four amino acid substitutions - namely T58S, Y110N, G195E and D221G.. Homology modeling showed that among the four amino acid substitutions, Y110N was near the active site of the enzyme, while the other three was distant. T58S and G195E may play key roles in the change of optimal pH. This study provided a new perspective of obtaining applicable 3-1,3-1,4-glucanase for industrial use.
Accelerating DNA Sequence Analysis using Content-Addressable Memory in FPGAs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Biological sequence alignment is a widely used technique where the sequence databases are searched to find similar sequence to the input query. In this work we focus on the most popular local sequence alignment algorithm; Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). It is a computationally intensive operation, and with exponential growing databases, makes it further complex to execute in real time. Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) provides hardware-like performance and software-like programmability which makes them the ideal candidate for computationally complex tasks. This paper presents a content-addressable memory (CAM)-based implementation of BLAST on FPGA that accelerates the alignment process using concurrent computations. The searching of the input query is performed in parallel across the database sequence to produce the result in one clock cycle. The proposed design is implemented on Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA device XC7VX690TFFG1761. Results indicate better feasibility and accelerated performance (149–180 MHz speed) compared to the available searching algorithms.
<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> 4R2 toxin proteins induce apoptosis in human cancer cells.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>PC-3 (A), MCF-7 (B), HepG2 (C) and HIESC (D) cells were treated with <i>B</i>. <i>thuringiensis</i> 4R2 toxin proteins (1μg/mL (B) or 2μg/mL (A,C,D)) for 24 h. Annexin V and PI staining was detected by FACS analysis. Results are mean ± S.E.M. of three independent experiments. *P<0.05 compared with corresponding mock-treated cells.</p>
In vivo optical cellular diagnosis for uterine cervical or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia using flexible gastrointestinal endocytoscopy - a prospective pilot study-

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

BackgrouundFor patients with any kind of atypical squamous intraepithelial lesion of the uterine cervix or vagina, colposcopy and punch biopsy are common procedures for histological determination following cytology. However, colposcopy-guided biopsy does not provide a high level of diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of optical biopsy in vivo using endocytoscopy compared with conventional procedures using colposcopy.MethodsBetween May 2018 and March 2019, patients who were scheduled for cervical conization or mapping biopsies of the vagina were prospectively enrolled. Endocytoscopy was performed by senior endoscopists prior to scheduled procedures, and endocytoscopic images and biopsy samples were taken from the most prominent site and surrounding area of the cervical or vaginal lesions. The collection process of images was randomized and anonymous, and three doctors separately evaluated the images according to the ECA classification. ECA 4 and 5 are indicative of endoscopic malignancy. The primary endpoint was diagnostic accuracy (benign or malignant: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) 3 or worse) of cell images at the most prominent site in each patient.ResultsA total of 28 consecutive patients were enrolled. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of endocytoscopic images were 95.0% (84.8-98.6%), 87.5% (61.9-96.5%), 95.0% (84.8-98.6%), 87.5% (61.9-96.5%) and 92.9% (78.2-98.0%), respectively. Inter-observer agreement among three reviewers was 0.78 (0.08-9.88, P < 0.01). On the other hand, the accuracy of colposcopy-guided biopsy was 74.1% (64.0-84.0%).ConclusionsOptical cell diagnosis of cervical or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia using endocytoscopy provides a high level of diagnostic accuracy.Trial registrationThe study was registered with the UMIN database (ID: 000031712).UMIN000031712. Registered 16 March 2017, https://rctportal.niph.go.jp/detail/um?trial_id=UMIN000031712
The linkages between human resource practices, leadership development and organisational effectiveness.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Our research objectives are to study the relationship between Human Resource (HR) Practices and the relationship between effective leadership and organisational effectiveness. A survey was conducted by randomly chosen companies characterised as turbulent and dynamic in nature. Our findings indicate that Recruitment and Selection practices are related to leadership actions that require qualities derived from one’s heredity or are developed from early life experiences i.e. integrity and analytical abilities. Early Identification and Planned Development practices are more related to actions that require qualities which can be developed through career experiences i.e. strong track record. Certain leadership qualities but not all can thus be developed through Human Resource Practices. Leadership actions for managing change are also related to various aspects of organisational effectiveness. It was observed that formulating vision and strategies are related to innovation and financial performance. On the other hand, motivating subordinates and building strong and supportive relationships positively affected employee motivation and customer satisfaction. Since it is evident that leadership for managing change is important for organisational success, conscious efforts should be made to attract and develop leaders and not just managers in an organisation. For instance, by promoting visibility to senior managers, mentoring and cross-postings. Such practices must gain support and cooperation from line managers as well as appropriate company policies. Leadership actions are unaffected by industry sector and company size. This shows that leadership is important in all firms regardless of size or sector.
Close encounters of the third kind?: Neanderthals and modern humans in Belgium, a bone story

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

<p>The dynamics of the transition between late Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans (AMHs) are the subject of intense debate: the location and duration of the coexistence of these two hominins, as well as their relation and cultural exchanges that could have occurred during this transitional period also known as the Middle Palaeolithic to Upper Palaeolithic Transition⁠.<br>Timing these hominins is crucial in archaeology and paleoanthropology⁠. The precise chronological position of the different cultural facies, as well as the human remains associated with them, are therefore key elements that delineate the chronological framework within which Neanderthals and AMHs could have interacted⁠. While there is increasing evidence of admixture and co-existence of the two hominin species in central and eastern Europe, Belgium might show a different scenario: radiocarbon analyses, using the compound specific radiocarbon dating approach (CSRA) made on bone implements related to the Late Mousterian and the Early Aurignacian as well as late Neanderthal remains, highlight a hiatus in the occupation of the territory⁠. Our new data tend to confirm that Neanderthals and AMHs did not coexist in this region⁠. It seems that in northwest Europe, Neanderthals evolved and went extinct without any influence from modern humans⁠. <br></p>
The expression of E-cadherin-catenin complex in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Strong positive signals of E-cad-cat complex are shown in normal salivary glands, and the down-regulated expression were observed in ACC cases. The expression of E-cad-cat complex is associated with a more aggressive phenotype on nerve and vasculature. No association with various histopathologic subtypes was found. However, absent or low E-cad expression was observed more frequently in solid carcinomas than in cribriform or tubular carcinomas. Down-regulation of E-cad-cat complex may be associated with canceration of normal salivary glands. The expression levels of E-cad-cat were positively correlated to the differentiation of ACC tumor cells.
THE INFLUENCE OF INITIAL HEAD ROTATION (NON-SAGITTAL PLANE POSITION) ON WHIPLASH INJURY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study of car occupant safety in frontal and side impacts is well established by means of Finite Element (FE) and Multi-body Dynamic (MD) analysis. A comparable reliable method for rear-end accidents, however, is not yet available. The main reason is that these accidents generally lead to whiplash injuries and these are difficult to diagnose, let alone investigate or prevent. A biomechanical FE model of the 50th percentile male human cervical spine, capable of predicting whiplash injury risk, has been developed and previously reported. The study reported here analyses, for the first time, the situation where the car occupant is initially looking to one side. Individual ligament loading data show that the initial head rotation is more damaging to the cervical spine than the sagittal plane scenario, confirming a recently published hypothesis. For the covering abstract see ITRD E117734.
Predictors of Disclosing Sexual Orientation to Parents, Classmates, and School Adults among Latinx Sexual Minority High School and College Youth

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The current study examined predictors associated with the degree of sexual orientation disclosure across social contexts (parents, classmates, and school adults) and educational context (high school and college) among Latinx sexual minority youth (SMY; N = 238). Results revealed that perceptions of more supportive social attitudes to sexual minority communities were associated with higher levels of sexual orientation disclosure across social contexts, including parents, classmates, and school adults. Compared to monosexual Latinx SMY, plurisexual Latinx SMY reported lower levels of sexual orientation disclosure to parents and school adults but not to classmates. Sexual orientation identity centrality was only associated with sexual orientation disclosure to parents but not to classmates or school adults. Degree of romantic attraction to the same gender was not associated with sexual orientation disclosure. Findings provide preliminary support for critical nuances in sexual orientation disclosure across social and educational contexts among Latinx SMY.
Informed consent--more than a form.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

One of the most common causes of malpractice after complications and failure to make a timely diagnosis of an illness is improper or poorly written informed consent. Now the informed consent process can be created using computer-automated technology. The automated consent is procedure-specific, includes all the requirements suggested by the American Medical Association, and significantly reduces the risk of malpractice related to a poorly documented, traditional, handwritten consent. Also, the automated consent will improve the efficiency of the office and consent process. This article will cover the five necessary components of an informed consent and discuss how an automated consent provides a layer of protection against malpractice.
Estimates of the Prevalence of Acute Stroke Impairments and Disability in a Multiethnic Population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Purpose —The goals of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of acute impairments and disability in a multiethnic population of first-ever stroke and to identify differences in impairment and early disability between pathological and Bamford subtypes. Associations between impairments and death and disability at 3 months were identifed. Methods —Impairments that occur at the time of maximum neurological deficit were recorded, and disability according to the Barthel Index (BI) was assessed 1 week and 3 months after stroke in patients in the South London Stroke Register. Results —Of 1259 registered patients, 6% had 1 or 2, 31.1% had 3 to 5, 50.6% had 6 to 10, and 10.6% had >10 impairments. Common impairments were weakness (upper limb, 77.4%), urinary incontinence (48.2%), impaired consciousness (44.7%), dysphagia (44.7%), and impaired cognition (43.9%). Patients with total anterior circulation infarcts had the highest age-adjusted prevalence of weakness, dysphagia, urinary incontinence, cognitive impairment, and disability. Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage had the highest rates of coma. Patients with lacunar stroke had the high prevalence of weakness but were least affected by disability, incontinence, and cognitive dysfunction. Blacks had higher age- and sex-adjusted rates of disability in ischemic stroke (BI <20, odds ratio 2.76, 95% CI 1.47 to 5.21, P =0.002; BI <15, odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.81, P =0.01) but impairment rates similar to those of whites. On multivariable analysis, incontinence, coma, dysphagia, cognitive impairment, and gaze paresis were independently associated with severe disability (BI <10) and death at 3 months. Conclusions —The extent of these findings indicates that an acute assessment of impairments and disability is necessary to determine the appropriate nursing and rehabilitation needs of patients with stroke.
The Pragmatism Involved in the Annexation of Texas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The southwestern boundary of the United States was settled only after considerable strife of both national and international scope. The annexation of Texas gave rise to conditions which prompted and made possible the eventual settlement of that boundary and thus it may be said that Texan annexation was a most important and crucial affair. It resulted in the acquisition of an area greater than England and France combined, and paved the way for the taking of San Francisco and the far Southwest. Because of it the United States engaged in its most brilliant foreign war to that time. The annexation of Texas crushed the opportunity for certain European powers to interfere in the affairs of this continent and to thwart the development of this country. And too, it afforded a battleground upon which the diplomats of the United States, England, Mexico, Texas and to a lesser degree, France, employed all their skills in an effort to succeed. It is not surprising then, that such a critical episode, with the interests of many countries at stake, would demonstrate the principle of pragmatism. The primary concern here, then, is not to follow the proceedings leading to the eventual accomplishment of the annexation of Texas, alone, but rather to consider the roles of those countries most intimately involved in the struggle to determine the status of Texas, which did in fact end in the adoption of Texas by the United States.
Origins of Head-Rolling (Spasmus Nutans) During Early Infancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a clinical study of interactional variables of maternal behavior as factors in the development of an atypical form of motor behavior (head-rolling) in early infancy, sensory conditions within the context of infant-mother relationships were studied by direct observations of infant-mother interactions, detailed histories of the infant's development, and evaluations of the mother's personality. From these data, the conditions of infant stimulation were reconstructed and related to the infant's behavioral capacities and the pathogenesis of spasmus nutans.
Souled American: how black music transformed white culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From the first white performer who painted his face black to Eminem, white America's obsession with black music spans centuries. In Souled American, author Kevin Phinney takes a thoughtful and thought-provoking look at how genres such as rock 'n' roll, jazz, blues, soul, country, and hip-hop emerged through changing social and political times and the dynamic black and white personalities that shaped them. It includes dozens of exclusive celebrity interviews and anecdotes from such music luminaries as: Ray Charles, Willie Nelson, Donna Summer, Little Richard, B.B. King, Jerry Wexler, Sly Stone, Steve Cropper, George Clinton, Joe Cocker, Buddy Guy, Ken Burns, Donny Osmond, Eric Burdon, David Byrne, Kid Rock, Bonnie Raitt, Beck, The Supremes, The Temptations, and The Jackson 5.Equal parts social history and pop culture, the book argues that no form of American music can be described accurately as ethnically pure, and fleshes out the tug-of-war between blacks and whites as they create, recreate, and claim each phase of popular music.
Malaysian health policy in comparative perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The importance of health care in public policy can hardly be exaggerated: the world spends US$3 trillion on it, amounting to more than one-tenth of world gross domestic product (GDP). No less significantly, voters everywhere rate it as one of the most important electoral issues, a reality no elected government can ignore. But how governments go about addressing their society's health care needs varies greatly across nations, as do outcomes. While the relationship between health care and health outcomes is not straightforward, health policy does make a difference to the quality and quantity of health care available to the population and what they pay for it.