jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE TRAUMATIC ABSENCE OF THE DISTAL TIBIA RECONSTRUCTION WITH A LIMB RECONSTRUCTION SYSTEM AND SHEFFIELD CLAMP

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction and Aims: I was presented with a Land-mine victim with closed fracture of right talus, compound injury to left lower limb, and defect in heelpad. Distal third of tibia and most of hindfoot were missing. Left foot neurovascularly intact and he was able to move his toes. Aim: reconstruct left distal tibia to enable full weight-bearing. Method: Lower leg debrided. LRS applied, using proximal ring with Sheffield clamp and two rings around foot. Corticotomy of proximal tibia. Bone transport, 10 days later. Heel debridement, to clear necrotic bone. Two months later transported bone was 2cm from ankle. Sepsis controlled. Distal tibia beveled, bone transport continued. Docking procedure performed. Ex-fix adjusted, attaining compression of hindfoot and midfoot. Distal tibia and foot transported 4cm, to correct disproportion. Osteoset used for bone growth. During the following two years, length discrepancy resolved, sepsis manageable. X-rays showed two cortices between proximal tibia and transported tibia. Fixator removed two months later. Received orthotic boot. Results: In September 2003 the patient came for follow-up. There was no evidence of sepsis in the leg. He was full weight-bearing using an orthotic shoe and rocker bottom sole. There was no pain. He had left the army and was now working as a builder in his country of origin and putting in a whole day’s work. The length of the transported segment is approximately 14cm. It is now fully consolidated and four cortices are visible on x-ray. The fusion of the distal tibia into the foot is solid and no pain is experienced from that. Conclusion: Big defects in the distal tibia can be managed with a straight rail reconstruction system, using unifocal bone transport with proximal corticotomy.
Potential Fungal Inhibition by Immobilized Hydrolytic Enzymes from Trichoderma asperellum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The use of cell wall degrading enzymes from Trichoderma asperellum immobilized on biodegradable support is an alternative for food packaging. In this study, hydrolytic enzymes produced by T. asperellum were tested as a fungal growth inhibitor, in free form or immobilized on a biodegradable film composed of cassava starch and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephtalate) (PBAT). The inhibitory activity was tested against Aspergillus niger , Penicillium sp., and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , microorganisms that frequently degrade food packaging. The use of chitin as carbon source in liquid medium induced T. asperellun to produce N-acetylglucosaminidase, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and protease. The presence of T. asperellun cell wall degradating enzymes (T-CWD) immobilized by adsorption or covalent attachment resulted in effective inhibition of fungal growth. The enzymatic activity of T-CWD was stronger on S. sclerotiorum than on the Aspergillus or Penicillum isolates tested. These results suggest that T-CWD can be used in a free or immobilized form to suppress fungi that degrade food packaging.
Preventive effect of FK143, a 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, on chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more prevalent in males than in females. 5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone is the most potent form of androgen and is converted from testosterone by 5alpha-reductase. The antitumor effect of a 5alpha-reductase inhibitor (FK143) was evaluated in a rat chemical hepatocarcinogenesis model (Solt-Farber). Male Fischer 344 rats were used in three groups: (a) control group; (b) low-dose FK143 (FKL) group (20 ppm FK143); and (c) high-dose FK143 (FKH) group (200 ppm FK143). The numbers of both glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive foci (P < 0.05) and hyperplastic nodules (HNs; P < 0.01) in the liver were significantly lower in the FKL group than in the control group. The numbers (P < 0.05) and tumor volume (P < 0.01) of HCCs per liver were significantly lower in the FKL group when compared with the control group. All HCCs were well differentiated in the FKL group, whereas 38% and 36% of HCCs were moderate to poorly differentiated in the control group and the FKH group, respectively. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index:apoptotic index ratios of enzyme-altered foci, HNs, and HCCs were significantly lower in the FKL group than in the control group. Serum 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone was significantly lower in both the FKL and FKH groups. However, a high dose of FK143 (200 ppm) provided no protection against hepatocarcinogenesis, and the level of serum testosterone was elevated in this group when compared with that in the control group. The low dose of FK143 significantly suppressed the formation of enzyme-altered foci, HNs, and HCCs in rat hepatocarcinogenesis. This may indicate that 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone enhances hepatocarcinogenesis. We conclude that an optimal dose of FK143 may have a suppressive effect on hepatocarcinogenesis.
A Journey from the Heart of Apartheid Darkness Towards a Just Society: Salient Features of the Budding Constitutionalism and Jurisprudence of South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On April 4, 2012, Deputy Chief Justice Dikgang Moseneke of the Republic of South Africa delivered the Georgetown Law Center’s thirty-second annual Philip A. Hart Lecture: “A Journey from the Heart of Apartheid Darkness towards a Just Society: Salient Features of the Budding Constitutionalism and Jurisprudence of South Africa.”\nMoseneke earned a BA in English and political science, as well as a B Juris degree from University of South Africa and later completed an LLB. Justice Moseneke began his professional career in 1976 as an attorney’s clerk in Pretoria. In 1978 he was admitted and practiced for five years as an attorney and partner at the law firm Maluleke, Seriti and Moseneke. He was called to the Bar in 1983 and practiced as an advocate in Johannesburg and Pretoria. In 1993, he was elevated to the status of senior counsel.\nJustice Moseneke served on the technical committee that drafted the interim constitution of 1993. In 1994, he was appointed Deputy Chairperson of the Independent Electoral Commission, which conducted the first democratic elections in South Africa. In September 1994, he accepted an acting appointment to the Transvaal Provincial Division of the Supreme Court. Before his appointment as Justice of the Constitutional Court, Justice Moseneke was a Judge of the High Court in Pretoria. In June 2005, Justice Moseneke was appointed Deputy Chief Justice of the Republic of South Africa.\nJustice Moseneke is a founding member of the Black Lawyers’ Association and of the National Association of Democratic Lawyers of South Africa. He has served in several community and non-governmental organizations, holds several honorary doctorates and has received numerous awards of honor, performance and excellence.
THE INVOLVEMENT OF EX-TERRORIST INMATES AND COMBATANTS IN THE DISENGAGEMENT FROM VIOLENCE STRATEGY IN INDONESIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Indonesia, there are a number of foundations which were established by the ex-terrorist inmates as a new community towards peace and a way of empowerment for the ex-terrorist inmates. The involvement of ex-terrorist inmates in disengagement strategy in Indonesia has also raised pro(s) and con(s). This research aims to explore the involvement of ex-terrorist inmates in disengagement strategy in Indonesia. This kind of involvement is hoped to become a softer approach because it focuses more in using kinship method, in a way that it will be easier to gain trust, and the people have the same experience and background in terrorism. The methodology used in this research is a qualitative with interview technique. This research found that the phenomenon of the arousal of new communities towards peace which was established by ex-terrorist inmates and combatants is a positive thing as a new medium for those inmates and other inmates who has the desire to come and disengage from violence. However, this kind of phenomenon has to be guided, guarded and controlled by the government in order to keep it in line with the true purpose of deradicalization and counter strategy of terrorism in Indonesia.
Impacts of Using Mineral Fertilization Combined with Sewage Sludge in the Amendment of Luvisol on Oat Crop I. Influence on Yield and Mineral Nutrition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present paper illustrates the results obtained on oat (Avena sativa L.), Somesan variety, concerning growth, grains and straw yields and also of macroelements accumulation (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) when various doses of sewage sludge were applied associated or not with mineral fertilization. Sewage sludge application produced significant increase of plant height starting with equivalent dose of 100 kg N/ha, meanwhile the highest height was observed in the case of plants fertilized with doses equivalent with 300 and 400 kg N/ha. With the increase of sewage sludge dose it has been observed the straw yield increase, this being statistically assured starting with sewage sludge equivalent dose of 100 kg N/ha. Sewage sludge fertilization, accompanied or not by mineral fertilizers, evidenced that nitrogen contents in oat grains increases with applied sewage dose, being significant from an equivalent dose of 200 kg N/ha. Low sewage doses equivalent with 200-300 kg K/ha evidenced for potassium concentration in oat grains a significant decrease in comparison with untreated variant, meanwhile mineral fertilization generated a significant increase of potassium levels in oat grains. Calcium contents in oat grains present a significant increase after sewage sludge fertilization and at a dose equivalent with 600 kg N/ha, the calcium levels (0.24%) increased 3 times in comparison with untreated variant (0.08%). Sewage sludge fertilization, associated or not with mineral fertilizers, did not produced significant changes of magnesium levels in oat grains, found concentrations being considered as normal values.
The properties of gelatin-poly (gamma-glutamic acid) hydrogels as biological glues.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The influence of the molecular weight and the type of gelatin (A or B), as well as the molecular weight of poly (gamma-glutamic acid) (gamma-PGA), on the properties of gelatin/gamma-PGA mixed bioadhesives were studied. The gelation of the system was enhanced by a crosslinker, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-(ethylcarbodiimide) hydrochloride (EDC). The gelation time of the bioadhesives was analyzed using rheological measurements. The results indicated that the type of gelatin was a critical factor in determining the gelation time of the biological glues. The mixed glues had greater bonding strength and smaller gelation times as the molecular weight of gamma-PGA or gelatin increased. The swelling ratio decreased and the denaturation temperature increased upon raising the EDC concentration, indicating a greater degree of crosslinking at higher EDC concentrations. The mixed glues crosslinked with various concentrations of EDC (1.7-2.5%) showed no cytotoxicity to fibroblasts. In addition, no significant inflammatory response was observed in the rat subcutaneous implantation. The bioadhesives based on gelatin/gamma-PGA remained at the site for 7 days while the fibrin glue had almost completely degraded. By choosing the appropriate gelatin type and higher molecular weight gamma-PGA in the mixtures, the gelatin/gamma-PGA biological glues could serve as soft tissue adhesives. Rheological characterization was essential in the evaluation of biological glues.
Mandarin Language Strengthens Tolerance and Patriotism in a Multiracial Society

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Kuantan, 21 September 2018- Ms. Yong Ying Mei, the Director of Mandarin Language and Culture Centre (MLCC) of Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) was invited as one of the panels for the Cendekia Bicara forum during the closing ceremony for Festival ‘Aku Darah Anak Malaysia A.D.A.M’ at Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP). In the forum, she emphasized that the language is a part of Malaysian identity who are able to speak several languages. She also mentioned that Mandarin language strengthens tolerance and patriotism in a multiracial society.
Strategi Membangun Capaian Pembelajaran Mahasiswa Melalui Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Perguruan Tinggi

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In its operation,Narotama University internalizes this value to each membersin the organization, especially the studentsandinvolves them in the development of the value itself, to increase their sense of belonging to the university.Internalization of the value could be a major competitive edge in supporting students attain their maximum learning outcomes. Narotama Universitydevelop a model of value internalization for the aforementionedpupose that are : mappingstudent’s basic character and education assesment, directing them to thelearning outcomes of the study program that suit them best; provides various training and activities that will enhance student’semotional and spiritual quotient; nurturing a good student-lecturer communication in the learning process with guidance and consultation until they meet the learning outcomes; conducting an edutainment learning methods with a clear and transparant assesment system.The tracer study results confirmed a success upon the efforts. Graduates of Narotama University are highly employable, 86% of them only takes 0-3 months to get a job. A total of 62.5% of respondents have a job corresponding to their field of study.
Anandamide and diet: Inclusion of dietary arachidonate and docosahexaenoate leads to increased brain levels of the corresponding N -acylethanolamines in piglets

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Endogenous ligands of cannabinoid receptors have been discovered recently and include some N -acylethanolamines (NAEs; e.g., N- arachidonoylethanolamine) and some 2-acylglycerols (e.g., sn -2-arachidonoylglycerol). Previously, we found these compounds to be active biologically when administered per os in large quantities to mice. In the present work, piglets were fed diets with and without 20:4 n −6 and 22:6 n −3 fatty acid precursors of NAEs, in levels similar to those found in porcine milk, during the first 18 days of life, and corresponding brain NAEs were assessed. In piglets fed diets containing 20:4 n −6 and 22:6 n −3, there were increases in several biologically active NAEs in brain homogenates—20:4 n −6 NAE (4-fold), 20:5 n −3 NAE (5-fold), and 22:5 n −3 and 22:6 n −3 NAE (9- to 10-fold). These results support a mechanism we propose for dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids influences on brain biochemistry with presumed functional sequelae. This paradigm will enable targeted investigations to determine whether and why specific populations such as infants, elderly, or persons suffering from certain clinical conditions may benefit from dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Detection of Planets with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Under favourable circumstances direct planet detection will be feasible with the new Advanced Camera for Surveys, due for launch on the Hubble Space Telescope in 2001. This may be achieved through direct imaging using the ‘Aberrated Beam Coronagraph ’ or through pre-cise astrometric and photometric measurement of appropriate candidates. The α Cen triple star system, and nearest stars to the Sun, have been shown to possess regions in the space about them where planets could survive. Detailed optical simulations of α Cen A indicate that detec-tion of a Jupiter-like planet in six-orbits of images, although dicult, is feasible if the planet is suitably located and systematic eects can be controlled. Meanwhile the proximity and low mass of the brown dwarf Gl 229B, only 45MJ, make perturbation of its orbit by Jupiter-sized planets or photometric perturbation due to occultation by even lower mass planets feasible observing programs for the ACS on HST. Burrows et al. are engaged in an initial investigation using the Wide Field and
RENAL EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY FOR PAH IS COMPARABLE IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AND RENAL FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Previously, we demonstrated that intrarenal blood flow in most patients with renal fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) does not differ from that of patients with essential hypertension and patent renal arteries. In the present study, we assessed whether the renal extraction of para-aminohippurate (PAH) as a marker of tubular function was affected by the presence of FMD. Design and method: We studied 136 hypertensive patients who were scheduled for diagnostic renal angiography with arterial and renal venous blood sampling. In all of them, a continuous infusion of PAH was started two hours before the procedure to obtain steady state plasma levels at the time of sampling. Blood was collected simultaneously from the arterial and venous catheter prior to the administration of contrast material. Mean renal blood flow (MRBF) was measured simultaneously using the 133Xenon washout technique. Results: Altogether, 21 patients were diagnosed with renal FMD, 45 with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) and 70 with essential hypertension (EH). Extraction ratio of PAH (ER-PAH) in the patients with renal FMD averaged 72 + 4% which did not differ significantly from that in patients with EH (74 + 3%). MBRF did not differ between these two groups either. Per contra, in patients with ARAS both MRBF and ER-PAH were significantly lower as compared to the other groups. ER-PAH in FMD patients was not modified by age, sex, height of blood pressure or MBRF. Conclusions: The ER of PAH in patients with renal FMD does not differ from that in EH. Thus, both flow and tubular function are well preserved in FMD when is EH is taken as control. This suggests that the pathophysiological mechanism which contribute to hypertension in FMD are different from those which are active in ARAS.
[Construction of "2R network pharmacology" research method for effective components of traditional Chinese medicine based on "prediction of dominant components-screening of potential targets"].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chinese traditional medicine compound is the main form of Chinese medicine clinical application. The elucidation of the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine is one of the key scientific issues to promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. At present, there are many research ideas on the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine compounds. By analyzing the current status and existing problems of existing research ideas, the author proposes a "double reduction network pharmacology"(2 R network pharmacology) research method based on "prediction of dominant components-potential target selection". Chemical components with good properties were selected by ADMET property prediction technology, and compared with the blood components and target organ components to determine the dominant components with potential therapeutic effect, that is "reducing constituents"; the potential core regulatory pathway of traditional Chinese medicine compound was enriched by RNA-Seq technology combined with network database, and then the target of traditional Chinese medicine compound was mined based on the signal pathway, that is "reducing targets". To improve the efficiency and accuracy of effective component screening, the network relationship of "component target" was established by the related technology of network pharmacology. The purpose of this study is to provide practical research ideas and methods for clarifying the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine, revealing the law of compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine and clarifying the target of drug action.
THE EXPERIENCE OF USING A VOLATILE MATTER INDEX TO PREDICT THE RISK OF ENDOGENOUS FIRE OF COAL SEAMS

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The article verified the conformity of the gradation of coal seams into three groups according to their endogenous fire hazard, according to regulatory documents, with the actual conditions of accidents that have occurred over the past twenty years during the development of 66 coal seams of the Donetsk basin. The degree of metamorphism of coals of the considered coal seams, where endogenous fires occurred or they were absent, was estimated in terms of the release of volatile matters index during their thermal decomposition without air access (Vdaf).
A Study on Vocal Education in Applied Music Analysis of Research Trends in Korea.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to present the direction of future related research by analyzing domestic degree papers and papers related to vocal education published in academic journals. To this end, 175 papers (37 academic papers and 138 degree papers) that meet the conditions were collected and analyzed by year of publication, research method, research subject, and research content. The results of the study are as follows. First, vocal education research has shown a gradual increase since 2003 By 2018, it was found that the individual reached its peak. Second, as a result of analysis by research method, ‘literary research’ was found to have been conducted the most. Third, as a result of analysis by research subject, ‘literature and analysis theory’ was the highest. Fourth, as a result of analysis by research content, ‘case study’ was found to be the most common. Fifth, as a result of analyzing the trends by publishing journal, it was confirmed that the most studies were published in ‘popular music content’. Sixth, as a result of classification by registered information, the largest number of studies were published in the ‘registered place’. Based on the contents of the analysis results, the direction and direction of future related research were presented.
Cytoplasmic and cell surface structure of purified liver gap junctions revealed by freeze-drying.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

After freeze-drying of purified liver gap junction plaques and vesicles the structural features of the inner and outer aspects of purified gap junctions were investigated. No structural details were seen on the cytoplasmic side of the connexions whereas on the cell surface side the connexions were organized in a paracrystalline pattern and exhibited a central depression or pore. We conclude that the central pore through each connexion varies in diameter along its length and that the closing site is located near the cytoplasmic face.