jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effect of limb kinematics on the speed of a legged robot on granular media

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Achieving effective locomotion on diverse terrestrial substrates can require subtle changes of limb kinematics. Biologically inspired legged robots (physical models of organisms) have shown impressive mobility on hard ground but suffer performance loss on unconsolidated granular materials like sand. Because comprehensive limb-ground interaction models are lacking, optimal gaits on complex yielding terrain have been determined empirically. To develop predictive models for legged devices and to provide hypotheses for biological locomotors, we systematically study the performance of SandBot, a small legged robot, on granular media as a function of gait parameters. High performance occurs only in a small region of parameter space. A previously introduced kinematic model of the robot combined with a new anisotropic granular penetration force law predicts the speed. Performance on granular media is maximized when gait parameters minimize body acceleration and limb interference, and utilize solidification features of granular media.
Novel 100 000 hexagonal microchamber chip digital PCR for absolute quantification of gene mutations in lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To construct a novel 100 000 hexagonal microchamber chip (NHMC) digital PCR (dPCR) platform for absolute quantification analysis of gene mutations in lung cancer based on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) G719S mutation as an object. Methods First, a PCR detection system for EGFR G719S mutation was constructed and optimized. And then 8 concentration gradients of EGFR G719S standard plasmids and 4 interfering substances were detected by the NHMC-dPCR platform, and the sensitivity, specificity and anti-interference ability of the platform were evaluated. Finally, 6 tissue samples of lung cancer with EGFR G719X mutation were detected by NHMC-dPCR, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and DNA sequencing, and the reliability of NHMC-dPCR in clinical sample testing was verified. Results The minimum detection concentration of EGFR G719S detected by NHMC-dPCR is 3.01 copies/μL. The linear equation between the detected value and the expected value is Y=0.725X-0.581, and the correlation coefficient is R2=0.984. Four interfering substances were tested by this platform and no positive holes were found. The results of the G719S mutant plasmids and the mixture of 4 interferences were 23 194.4 copies and 22 095.7 copies, respectively. The qualitative results of 6 clinical samples tested by NHMC-dPCR, ddPCR and DNA sequencing had a coincidence rate of 100%. Among them, the quantitative results of 2 cases by NHMC-dPCR were 1 822.4 copies and 451.7 copies, and their corresponding quantitative results by ddPCR were 1 581.8 copies and 218.3 copies, respectively. Conclusion The nucleic acid absolute quantification technology established in this study, namely NHMC-dPCR, has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, fast speed, and strong anti-interference ability, and can be used for absolute quantification analysis of gene mutations in lung cancer.
Method of Optimization and Multi-criteria Evaluation of Distributed Combined Cooling Heating and Power Energy System

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Different energy systems were developed on the basis of the major equipment of distributed energy systems (DES).According to the demand of loads, energy prices, and technical and financial information about optional technologies, using non-linear programming, an optimization model for DES was established.The optimum configuration, optimal operation scheme and evaluation criteria matrix were the results of the model.The information entropy was used to determine the weight distribution, then the multi-criteria comprehensive evaluation method was introduced.The results demonstrate that photovoltaic system is optimal scheme due to its lower cost, energy conservation and environmental protection.
Association between socioeconomic status and primary healthcare utilisation in Portugal

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background The public Portuguese primary health care (PHC) model includes a capitation component, where family physicians (FP) are partly financed based on a list of users, weighted by their age. Socioeconomic status (SES) has been identified as a potential factor influencing the utilisation of consultations, suggesting that the user list dimension should also be adjusted according to this parameter. This paper aims at measuring the association between SES and the use of PHC consultations, to identify whether SES should be used as adjustment factor in capitation. Methods The 2019 National Health Survey database (N = 10,115) was used to model the probability and frequency of PHC consultations as a function of SES variables, including educational level, income level, employment status, and insurance and subsystems status, adjusting for age, sex, and nationality. We employed a multivariable two-part model, and an adjustment for unmet needs was performed as additional analysis. Results Unemployed, retired, or disabled/inactive persons utilised PHC levels more frequently (0.09, 0.07 and 0.19 more consultations, respectively). In contrast, students, those with primary and lower secondary education, and those residing in a couple family household with children attended PHC facilities with less frequency (0.18 and 0.08 fewer consultations, respectively). Conclusion Specific SES determinants contribute to unequal levels of PHC use. A balanced, weight-adjusted combination of these factors in the formulation of PHC lists is key for optimising workloads while ensuring equitable provision of care aligned to population needs.
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2/SiO2 nano composites for solar cell applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The use of titania–silica in photocatalytic process has been proposed as an alternative to the conventional TiO2 catalysts. Mesoporous materials have been of great interest as catalysts because of their unique textural and structural properties. Mesoporous TiO2, SiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by sol–gel method using titanium (IV) isopropoxide, tetra-ethylorthosilicate as starting materials. The synthesized samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauett–Emmett–Teller and field-dependent photoconductivity. The UV–Vis spectrum of as-synthesized samples shows similar absorption in the visible range. The crystallite size of the as-synthesized samples was calculated by Scherrer's formula. The BET surface area for TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite is found to be 303 m2/g and pore size distribution has average pore diameter about 10 nm. It also confirms the absence of macropores and the presence of micro and mesopores. The field-dependent photoconductivity of TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite shows nearly 300 folds more than that of TiO2 nanoparticle for a field of 800 V/cm.
Concentrations of Lead, Iron, and Zinc in Blood Mussels in Coastal Waters

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Environmental pollution by heavy metals is a crucial environmental problem and is a challenge to achieving the ideals of sustainable development. Blood cockles include Benthos from the Bivalvia Class Mollusk Phylum which has a wide habitat distribution in Indonesia. Beaches are very vulnerable to the accumulation of household waste, both from land and from the sea. Meanwhile, it has become an important part of economic, industrial and transportation growth in Surabaya. The aim of this research is to determine the comparison of the amounts of the heavy metals Lead (Pb), Ferrum (Fe), and Zinc (Zn) in blood cockles in two locations with different environmental characteristics and to evaluate whether the heavy metal content is still within the standard food threshold limit. The method used in this research is descriptive research with a survey method. Data analysis used correlation tests and independent sample t-tests. The research results show that the values of Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) are higher in Lamong Bay, respectively, namely 0.00448 ± 0.0004 and 0.002 ± 0.0002. Meanwhile, the Ferrum (Fe) value is higher at Kenjeran Beach, namely 0.00284 ± 0.0006. The implications of this research can provide an overview of the level of heavy metal pollution in coastal ecosystems, which is important for monitoring the health of the aquatic environment. Heavy metals such as lead, iron and zinc have the potential to pose a threat to ecosystem balance and human health, especially if contaminated shellfish are consumed directly.
Prediction of environmental tax revenues based on certain environmental protecton performance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Significantly increased number of inhabitants, the practice of irrational consumption of resources and previously established patterns of production and business have put the preservation of the environment at risk. Respectful behaviour towards environment can and must preserve limited resources not only for existing, but also for future generations. In this sense, it is necessary to encrease efforts for providing its sustainability. Environmental sustainability encourages a more responsible way of organizing production and people's lives in terms of using domestic materials, reducing the amount of waste, using recycled materials, using renewable energy sources and the like. Also, concern for environmental protection encourages state authorities to enact regulations and set fees in order to prevent long-term negative consequences for the environment. From environmental protection fees, the state can generate significant income that can be used for additional investments necessary for environmental sustainability. It is necessary to make key changes in the behavior of all stakeholders, because if the awareness of environmental protection is not awakened, the concept of sustainability can be threatened. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to examine the possibility of forecasting the income from environmental protection of countries, based on some of the key performance parameters, and to provide certain recommendations for policy makers.
Thoracic origin of a single renal artery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor:—

The renal arteries typically arise between the midportion of the first lumbar vertebral body and the upper third of the second.1-4Variations of approximately one vertebral body in either direction are well known. To the best of our knowledge, only one case of a single renal artery is reported arising above the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra,5accompanied by a normal contralateral renal artery. In the present case, single right renal artery arose at the level of the 11th thoracic vertebra, with agenesis of the left kidney, the only example reported so far as we know.

Report of a Case.—

A 40-year-old Negro woman entered the hospital for investigation of discomfort of several weeks' duration in the left lower quaddrant of the abdomen. Intravenous urography demonstrated a normal right kidney and collecting system; however, the left kidney was not visualized. Cystoscopic examination and retrograde
Evaluation of peripheral perfusion index and heart rate variability as early predictors for intradialytic hypotension in critically ill patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Intradialytic hypotension is a serious complication during renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. Early prediction of intradialytic hypotension could allow adequate prophylactic measures. In this study we evaluated the ability of peripheral perfusion index (PPI) and heart rate variability (HRV) to predict intradialytic hypotension. Methods A prospective observational study included 36 critically ill patients with acute kidney injury during their first session of intermittent hemodialysis. In addition to basic vital signs, PPI was measured using Radical-7 (Masimo) device. Electrical cardiometry (ICON) device was used for measuring cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, and HRV. All hemodynamic values were recorded at the following time points: 30 minutes before the hemodialysis session, 15 minutes before the start of hemodialysis session, every 5 minutes during the session, and 15 minutes after the conclusion of the session. The ability of all variables to predict intradialytic hypotension was assessed through area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve calculation. Results Twenty-three patients (64%) had intradialytic hypotension. Patients with pulmonary oedema showed higher risk for development of intradialytic hypotension {Odds ratio (95% CI): 13.75(1.4-136)}. Each of baseline HRV, and baseline PPI showed good predictive properties for intradialytic hypotension {AUROC (95% CI): 0.761(0.59-0.88)}, and 0.721(0.547-0.857)} respectively. Conclusions Each of low PPI, low HRV, and the presence of pulmonary oedema are good predictors of intradialytic hypotension.
On the Qin Character System

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Chinese character system was in existence in the Qin Dynasty(221-206B.c.),which has been proved by literature and archaeology data,although the Qin Dynasty was just a short period in the Chinese ancient history.The main content of the Qin character system included the unification of the seal script to two styles——Xiaozhuan and Lishu,furthermore education and official election were also the important contents.
Land-Based Learning: A Learning Paradigm for Building Community and Sustainable Farms

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Mitigating complex problems is increasingly essential to sustaining life on Earth. Empowering current and future generations to address these problems requires rethinking traditional education approaches. This article serves as a primer for land-based learning—defined as a pedagogical approach in which learners collaborate with community members to implement place-based interventions within agricultural systems to increase the sustainability of their community. As an introduction to land-based learning, the article (a) describes critical checkpoints within land-based learning, (b) illuminates the role of Extension educators in facilitating land-based learning, and (c) introduces a case study of land-based learning in Michigan's Upper Peninsula.
NoisET: Noise Learning and Expansion Detection of T-Cell Receptors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

High-throughput sequencing of T- and B-cell receptors makes it possible to track immune repertoires across time, in different tissues, in acute and chronic diseases and in healthy individuals. However, quantitative comparison between repertoires is confounded by variability in the read count of each receptor clonotype due to sampling, library preparation, and expression noise. We review methods for accounting for both biological and experimental noise and present an easy-to-use python package NoisET that implements and generalizes a previously developed Bayesian method. It can be used to learn experimental noise models for repertoire sequencing from replicates, and to detect responding clones following a stimulus. We test the package on different repertoire sequencing technologies and data sets. We review how such approaches have been used to identify responding clonotypes in vaccination and disease data. Availability: NoisET is freely available to use with source code at github.com/statbiophys/NoisET.
Scaled physical and numerical modelling of static soil pressures on box culverts

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The response of buried box culverts is a complex soil–structure interaction problem, where the relative stiffness between the soil and structure is a critical factor. In addition, soil arching is an important aspect of the soil–culvert interaction problem. A series of static scaled physical model centrifuge tests were performed to investigate soil–culvert interaction. Two different box culvert thicknesses and Nevada sand specimens with different relative densities were used to explore the interaction between the sand and box culverts under different conditions. The static loading consisted of the self-weight from the soil body. The responses of the box culvert were recorded for all loading conditions. The results were evaluated in terms of bending moment, soil pressure, and soil–culvert interaction factors. Soil pressures were evaluated using different experimental methods, which provided comparable results. The soil pressure observed on the culvert top slab showed parabolic distribution, i.e., higher values at the edges and lower at the centre than the theoretical vertical soil (overburden) pressure. The horizontal soil pressure on the side wall increased with depth. The soil–culvert interaction factors decreased at the centre and increased at the edges of the top slab, as the thickness and relative stiffness of the culvert decreased.
Florística e Fitossociologia das Espécies Lenhosas no Cerrado da Fazenda Canchim (São Carlos, SP)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A situação das poucas áreas de cerrado remanescentes no Estado de São Paulo é\npreocupante, e são necessários estudos para que se estabeleçam estratégias de conservação mais efetivas.\nEstudamos vários aspectos das espécies lenhosas em duas áreas de campo cerrado a fim de avaliar as\ncondições da vegetação local. Estabelecemos cinco parcelas fixas de 10 x 10 m em cada área, e amostramos\nos indivíduos das espécies lenhosas no estrato superior e inferior, e durante a estação seca e a chuvosa.\nEstudamos a florística, a estrutura, a diversidade &#946;, a regeneração, os efeitos da sazonalidade e a fenologia.\nNão observamos diferenças significativas entre as duas áreas quanto aos aspectos estruturais, e a diversidade\n&#946; foi baixa. Entre os estratos, o superior foi o que apresentou maior diversidade e equabilidade e permaneceu\nmais estável durante o ano. A agregação foi independente do estrato, área ou estação, e a maior parte das\nespécies mostrou um padrão agregado. Ambos os estratos e áreas foram mais bem descritos pelo modelo da\nsérie logarítmica, que é característico por apresentar numerosas espécies com baixa densidade. Isso tem\nimplicação nas estratégias de conservação, pois essas espécies necessitam de áreas grandes para manterem\npopulações viáveis. Os padrões de floração foram distintos entre os estratos, o que sugere uma separação de nicho. Nenhuma das espécies revelou ter problemas de regeneração, e a área estudada parece fornecer\ncondições favoráveis para a reposição de indivíduos adultos por indivíduos jovens nas espécies lenhosas.
Transfer RNA structure by carbon NMR: C2of adenine, uracil and cytosine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Fourier transform 13C NMR spectra of E. coli tRNA enriched on 13C in either position 2 of adenine (60 atom % 13C) or in position 2 of uracil (82%) and cytosine (63%) were taken at 25.16 MHz over the temperature range 10 degrees - 76 degrees. For C2 of adenine the peak as initially 5 ppm wide, but narrowed to 0.5 ppm as the molecule unfolded. C2 of uracil displayed behavior similar to that of adenine while the cytosine peak, initially relatively narrow at low temperature, sharpened less dramatically. Comparison of spectra at 26.16 MHz and 67.9 MHz showed that the peak widths for folded tRNA were determined largely by chemical shift non-equivalence. T2 T2 measurements suggested that intrinsic line widths of most cytosine C2 peaks were 4 Hz and 2-3 Hz for uracil. Adenine C2 with a directly bonded proton had resonances of about 40 Hz line width. T1 values were measured for C2 of adenine and the ribose carbons of tRNA. Consideration of dipolar relaxation and chemical shift anisotrophy led to a calculated rotational correlation time of 1.6 +/- 0.4 x 10(-8) sec for the adenines and 1.3 +/- 0.3 x 10(-8) sec for the ribose carbons.
Allium caesium Schrenk, TAX 5054

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Allium caesium Schrenk Accession number: TAX 5054 Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 1994-07-25 Origin country: KGZ Biological status: Natural MLS status: Unknown AEGIS status: Not included Historic: Yes
The impact of low skeletal muscle mass in abdominal surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although perioperative outcome in transplant and surgical oncology patients has greatly improved during the last decades, preoperative risk assessment remains of utmost importance to further improve outcomes and adapt patient-tailored treatment strategies. Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with increased age and disease, such as cancer and liver disease. Considering the increasing age of the population, the increasing incidence of cancer, the remaining shortage of donor livers, and the increased surgical and medical treatment options, skeletal muscle mass could be an important addition used for risk assessment. Moreover, it may be a therapeutic target to improve treatment outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the applicability of skeletal muscle mass measurements and to define the relevance of decreased skeletal muscle mass in surgical oncology and liver transplant patients.
Geopropolis: taxonomic dependence and compositional drawbacks

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The contents of total ashes and ethanol soluble substances were determined for propolis samples from species of two Meliponini genera: Melipona and Scaptotrigona. All Melipona samples corresponded to geopropolis (propolis containing aggregated soil material), with ash contents above 40%. Only one species of Scaptotrigona was shown to produce geopropolis, but with ash content (12%) much lower than Melipona samples. In Melipona a high negative correlation was observed between ash and ethanol solubles. Not only aggregated soil may contribute to lower the content of ethanol solubles. It is hypothesized that wax content may have a similar influence.
Galectin-9 and PD-L1 Antibody Blockade Combination Therapy Inhibits Tumour Progression in Pancreatic Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of a galectin-9 and PD-L1 combined blockade in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: The expression of galectin-9 and PD-L1 was analyzed in PDAC. Furthermore, we explored the therapeutic effect of combined anti-galectin-9 and anti-PD-L1 therapy on pancreatic cancer in vivo. Results: Higher expression of galectin-9 and PD-L1 was observed in human PDAC compared with the normal pancreas. Furthermore, in a murine model of PDAC, combined anti-galectin-9 and anti-PD-L1 treatment was associated with a greater decrease in tumor growth compared with treatment with either antibody therapy alone. Conclusion: Anti-PD-L1 antibody treatment for PDAC patients may be enhanced by inhibiting galectin-9.