jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Decellularized Matrix Hydrogels for In Vitro Disease Modeling

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) operates as a complex network of cell-supporting macromolecules in tissue homeostasis and disease scenarios. Given ECM structural and bio-signaling roles, understanding and modeling matrix components and their dysfunction in disease is crucial for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for numerous pathologies including pulmonary, renal and intestinal fibrosis, osteoarthritis or cancer. The discovery and preclinical in vitro screening of candidate therapeutics for tackling such conditions remains challenging owing to the lack of in vitro models capable of recapitulating ECM biochemical/biophysical cues and its complex tri-dimensional bioarchitecture in a laboratory setting. Advances in the decellularization, processing and modification of naturally available ECM into cell-free extracellular matrices (dECM) obtained from human or animal tissues, and its processing into designer hydrogels with tunable mechanical/structural features, open opportunities for bioengineering a new generation of more organotypic 3D testing platforms. Herein, we provide an overview of state-of-the-art methodologies employed for the development of dECM-hydrogels showcasing their key applications for generating tumor and fibrotic disease models. Standard and advanced processing technologies for dECM hydrogels such as 3D bioprinting and organ-on-a-chip platforms are also presented and discussed in light of future opportunities and improvements. By taking advantage of the capacity of dECM-hydrogels to closely recapitulate key matrix components, it is foreseeable that in vitro generating organotypic 3D microtissues will better capture key aspects of human diseases and contribute with predictive data on candidate therapeutics bioperformance prior to clinical trials.
Bug city life: Public acceptance of urban insect-friendly meadows in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Reports of continuing declines in some insect populations have raised concerns and calls for action to protect insects. The establishment of insect-friendly meadows in urban areas provides an opportunity to conserve both insect and plant diversity. However, public acceptance can be an obstacle to the implementation of such meadows, for example, due to competing land use interests and the perception that tall meadows are visually unattractive. To address these concerns and align urban green spaces with both public preferences and environmental needs, a systematic understanding of the factors influencing public acceptance of meadows is essential. To this end, a representative online survey was conducted in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland with 899 participants to assess the acceptance of insect-friendly meadows in urban areas. The study shows significant support for insect-friendly meadows across all subgroups and within each country-specific subgroup. The factor that most influences their acceptance is the recognition of the ecological benefits of these meadows. It is therefore highly recommended to prioritize public awareness campaigns that highlight the complex relationship between plant and insect diversity. Such efforts can contribute to a better understanding of the benefits of insect-friendly meadows for biodiversity, thereby increasing public support for these conservation measures. Additionally, considerations related to perceived aesthetics, appreciation of an increase in insect abundance, preference for public funding, and a general sense of safety around these meadows should inform the development and communication strategies for insect-friendly green spaces, as they significantly influence public acceptance. These design and perception aspects of meadows were shown to have a stronger influence on the acceptance of meadows than individual, attitudinal characteristics such as environmental attitudes or attitudes toward insect decline. While this study provides insights into the general public acceptance of insect-friendly meadows, more research is needed to understand the influence of the specific local context on meadow acceptance.
Humorous Masculinity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Stereotypical representations of socially marginalised groups have been historically used towards the 'othering' of certain communities. This chapter explores the use of humour in such representations to understand how laughter is performed to draw social boundaries with the marginalised other. The Indian male gaze cast upon the Nepali man is at the center of this discussion. We use the framework of the superiority theory of humour and problematise the 'gaze' to trace the impact of race relations embedded in colonial history and the present-day migrant-class status of the Nepali male subject, on his stereotypical portrayal. The arguments unravelling the imagination of this caricature are built upon examples from three distinct sites of humour. We begin with the examination of text-based jokes forwarded through mass-messaging platforms and then proceed to look at how these portrayals are captured in visual media and in the cinematic experience. Lastly, we analyse 'cringe pop' on social media in search of the Indian male gaze when the visibility of this stereotypical Nepali man has waned up to an extent. The gaze that is cast upon the subject of such humour is understood in terms of what becomes a hegemonic ideal of masculinity and the laughter that follows further legitimises this exercise of power.
Efficacy and safety of high‐dose glucagon‐like peptide‐1, glucagon‐like peptide‐1/glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide, and glucagon‐like peptide‐1/glucagon receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) have become agents of choice for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with established cardiovascular disease or in high‐risk individuals. With currently available GLP‐1 RAs, 51%‐79% of subjects achieve an HbA1c target of less than 7.0% and 4%‐27% lose 10% of body weight, illustrating the need for more potent agents. Three databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science) were searched using the MESH terms ‘glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist’, ‘glucagon receptor agonist’, ‘glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide’, ‘dual or co‐agonist’, and ‘tirzepatide’. Quality of papers was scored using PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane assessment tool. An HbA1c target of less than 7.0% was attained by up to 80% with high‐dose GLP‐1 RAs and up to 97% with tirzepatide, with even up to 62% of people with T2D reaching an HbA1c of less than 5.7%. A body weight loss of 10% or greater was obtained by up to 50% and up to 69% with high‐dose GLP‐1 RAs or tirzepatide, respectively. The glucose‐ and weight‐lowering effects of the GLP‐1/glucagon RA cotadutide equal those of liraglutide 1.8 mg. Gastrointestinal side effects of high‐dose GLP‐1 RAs and co‐agonists occurred in 30%‐70% of patients, mostly arising within the first 2 weeks of the first dose, being mild or moderate in severity, and transient. The development of high‐dose GLP‐1 RAs and the dual GLP‐1/glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide RA tirzepatide resulted in increasing numbers of people reaching HbA1c and body weight targets, with up to 62% attaining normoglycaemia with 15‐mg tirzepatide. Whether this will also translate to better cardiovascular outcomes and affect treatment guidelines remains to be studied.
Electrical performance of bifacial silicon PV modules under different indoor mounting configurations affecting the rear reflected irradiance

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules can increase the performance with respect to traditional PV modules because both sides of the cells, front and rear, absorb solar radiation. To assess their performance and quality, PV modules are characterized using international standards. However, currently only a draft IEC technical specification exists for bifacial PV modules and research needs to be done in order to study the indoor performance testing conditions. One of the issues that need to be addressed is how to measure bifacial PV modules correctly and analyse the different testing approaches proposed. This work outlines the indoor performance testing of c-Si bifacial modules under different module mounting setups including open rack, a structure with baffles and 3 modules. For each mounting method a white reflective rear panel of several dimensions was placed at various distances behind the module as a potential approach for a double-sided illumination characterization method. Electrical performance is also studied with a single-side illumination method with a black rear panel. The rear irradiance measurements and non-uniformity are also studied and the performance measurements are validated with a single-side illumination method. Additional rear irradiance allows Pmax increment up to 20% under certain conditions. However, the rear irradiance non-uniformity needs to be improved in order to fulfil the current requirements of the draft technical specification.
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF FUZZY-SUPERVISORY CONTROL SYSTEM AND AN OPTIMIZED THREE-DIMENSIONAL FUZZY CARROT-CHASING GUIDANCE ALGORITHM FOR FIXED-WING MAV

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Original Research Paper Received 22 August 2015 Accepted 13 October 2015 Available Online 16 December 2015 Due to the importance of autopilot systems in Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs), in this paper, first, parametric guidance and control systems are designed and are then implemented on simulated nonlinear six-DOF MAV. The control system is fuzzy-supervisory and its gains are optimized using genetic algorithm. For designing the guidance system, first, two-dimensional (constant height) path following algorithms of vector field and carrot-chasing are developed to 3D algorithms. Then, an optimized 3D fuzzy carrot-chasing guidance system is presented using combination of the carrot-chasing geometric algorithm, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithm. Augmentation of the fuzzy logic to the carrot-chasing algorithm improves its performance significantly. In any autonomous flight maneuver, guidance and control systems affect the performance of the aircraft, simultaneously. So using similar control system, the performance of the 3D carrot-chasing algorithm, 3D vector ield method, and the proposed 3D fuzzy carrot chasing algorithms are compared with and without applying the wind external disturbance. Results have shown signi icant superiority of the proposed 3D fuzzy carrot-chasing approach in the horizontal plane of motion and the 3D vector ield method in the vertical plane of motion.
REPORT Increased Activity of Coagulation Factor XII (Hageman Factor) Causes Hereditary Angioedema Type III

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is characterized clinically by recurrent acute skin swelling, abdominal pain, and potentially life-threatening laryngeal edema. Three forms of HAE have been described. The classic forms, HAE types I and II, occur as a consequence of mutations in the C1-inhibitor gene. In contrast to HAE types I and II, HAE type III has been observed exclusively in women, where it appears to be correlated with conditions of high estrogen levels—for example, pregnancy or the use of oral contraceptives. A recent report proposed two missense mutations (c.1032CrA and c.1032CrG) in F12, the gene encoding human coagulation factor XII (FXII, or Hageman factor) as a possible cause of HAE type III. Here, we report the occurrence of the c.1032CrA (p.Thr328Lys) mutation in an HAE type III–affected family of French origin. Investigation of the F12 gene in a large German family did not reveal a coding mutation. Haplotype analysis with use of microsatellite markers is compatible with locus heterogeneity in HAE type III. To shed more light on the pathogenic relevance of the HAE type III–associated p.Thr328Lys mutation, we compared FXII activity and plasma levels in patients carrying the mutation with that of healthy control individuals. Our data strongly suggest that p.Thr328Lys is a gain-of-function mutation that markedly increases FXII amidolytic activity but that does not alter FXII plasma levels. We conclude that enhanced FXII enzymatic plasma activity in female mutation carriers leads to enhanced kinin production, which results in angioedema. Transcription of F12 is positively regulated by estrogens, which may explain why only women are affected with HAE type III. The results of our study represent an important step toward an understanding of the
Income Tax Accounting: Problems and Solutions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In accounting when calculating income tax can arise differences caused by mismatch of updated national accounting regulations (standards) and Tax Code of Ukraine. So important is finding ways to improve methods and procedures of income tax accounting. In particular, it is reasonable to group the existing instructions and on their basis work out the rational algorithm of income tax accounting for business entities. The article is concentrated on justification of practical adaptation of legislative framework and methodological instructions on income tax accounting as a vital link in the mechanism of decision-making management. The problems arising in income tax accounting are exposed. Based on the rules of applicable legal documents determined the stages of taxable profit (loss) definition for the reporting period in accordance with the norms of Ukrainian Accounting Standards. The structural logic scheme in the methodology for determining income tax under the Tax Code of Ukraine is presented. The comparative analysis is conducted for methods of calculating taxable profit (loss) for the reporting period and directions for improvement of income tax accounting procedures are outlined.
Effects of habitat density and other variables on the fundamental frequency of the nonhuman primate long call

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Long calls are highly stereotyped calls used by primates to communicate across distances; the function of these calls has been debated. Goustard (1983:405) defines them as " ... an extended utterance which has a high degree of structural organization." Habitat structure has been considered a shaping force of the acoustic structure of nonhuman primate long calls as part of the local adaptation hypothesis (Brown et al. 1995). This study examines the effect of phylogeny, habitat density, diet, and social and mating systems as seen through the structure of the fundamental frequency (the lowest frequency of the call; Rogers 2000; Ey, Pfefferle, and Fischer 2007). Results of ANOVA and post hoc tests indicate there are both phylogenetic and habitat-related influences in the acoustic structure of the first phrase (first part of the long call separated from the next by a discrete break). Dietary preferences and social and mating systems are also correlated with acoustic structure.
Biotechnological Production of Methyl-Branched Aldehydes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A number of methyl-branched aldehydes impart interesting flavor impressions, and especially 12-methyltridecanal is a highly sought after flavoring compound for savory foods. Its smell is reminiscent of cooked meat and tallow. For the biotechnological production of 12-methyltridecanal, the literature was screened for fungi forming iso-fatty acids. Suitable organisms were identified and successfully grown in submerged cultures. The culture medium was optimized to increase the yields of branched fatty acids. A recombinant carboxylic acid reductase was used to reduce 12-methyltridecanoic acid to 12-methyltridecanal. The efficiency of whole-cell catalysis was compared to that of the purified enzyme preparation. After lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of the fungal lipid extracts, the released fatty acids were converted to the corresponding aldehydes, including 12-methyltridecanal and 12-methyltetradecanal.
Abstract 3512: Organ-specific effects of Smad4 in metastatic pancreatic cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Primary and metastatic tumors typically share the same driver gene mutations, but it is unclear if these mutations are functionally relevant across different anatomical sites. Among such mutations, inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene SMAD4 is a hallmark of pancreatic and other gastrointestinal cancers and has been associated with metastatic disease. Here, we develop a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that enables Smad4 depletion in the pre-malignant Kras-mutant pancreas and subsequent Smad4 reactivation in late-stage metastatic tumors. Whereas early Smad4 deficiency facilitated tumor formation, later Smad4 restoration had unexpected organ-specific outcomes: no effect on primary tumor growth, suppression of liver metastases, and promotion of lung metastases. Integrative multiomic analysis revealed a near-universal genomic deletion of the Cdkn2a/b locus and organ-specific changes in the tumor cells’ epigenomic state. In particular, the liver and lung differentially favored KLF vs. RUNX dominated chromatin programs, which were confirmed to underpin the divergent effects of Smad4 restoration in functional studies. Our results show how organ-dependent epigenomic changes lead to altered driver gene function in metastatic disease. This organ-specific gene-chromatin interplay may be a generalizable principle in cancer biology and invites a revised paradigm for precision oncology that considers anatomical site in the interpretation of tumor genetics. Citation Format: Kaloyan M. Tsanov, Francisco M. Barriga, Yu-Jui Ho, Direna Alonso-Curbelo, Geulah Livshits, Richard Koche, Timour Baslan, Alexandra N. Wuest, Janelle Simon, Sha Tian, Wei Luan, Scott W. Lowe. Organ-specific effects of Smad4 in metastatic pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3512.
Potentialy Of Flavonoid Miana (Coleus Atropurpereus) Leaves Estract As Anti Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37rv Strain And Mdr With Microscopy Observation Drug Susceptibility (Mods)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

There is high resistance cases for Isoniazid and Rifampin and more famous withMulti-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). From data in Makassar, South sulawesishowed 19,2 MDR-TB cases from new TB patient, and more 13,5% resistance cases forfirstline-TB drugs (STR, INH, RIF,and ETH), and >2 resistance for secondline-TBdrugs (OFL,KAN,AMK). Treatment for tuberculosis mostlly not effective because Multidrugresistanttuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases is very high.WHO recomended traditionalmedicine for improvement of healthy in coummunity, preventive and pharmaceuticalpreparation for all diseases. Research in 2013 showed 85,71% that Torajas TB patientin South Sulawesi used traditional medicine such as Miana (Coleus atropurpereus)leaves estract as complement for TB drugs. Our study showed flavonoid component fromqualitative method used sianida (HCl-Mg) from ethanol 96% Miana (Coleusatropurpereus) leaves estract .Qualitative method using Spektrofotometer UV-V showedthe total of flavonoid component from ethanol 96% miana (Coleus atropurpereus) leavesestract is 8,59 mgRE/gram ekstract.. The result showed were at concentrations (10%,20% ,40 % , 60 % ,80 % and 100%) ethanol 96% miana (Coleus atropurpereus) leavesestract were effecttively inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV strain. Were atconcentration (10%, 20% ,40 % dan 60 %) ethanol 96% miana (Coleus atropurpereus)leaves estract were not effecttively inhibit MDR-TB but effecttively were at concentration (80 % and 100%).
Is serum amyloid A an endogenous TLR4 agonist?

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Serum amyloid A (SAA), a classical acute-phase protein, is produced predominantly by hepatocytes in response to injury, infection, and inflammation. It has been shown that SAA primes leukocytes and induces the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we report that SAA induces NO production by murine peritoneal macrophages. Using specific inhibitors, we showed that NO production was dependent on inducible NO synthase thorough the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs. Moreover, SAA activity was decreased after proteolysis but not with polymyxin B, a lipid A antagonist. Finally, we found that NO production was dependent on functional TLR4, a receptor complex associated with innate immunity. Macrophages from C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice lacking a functional TLR4 did not respond to SAA stimulation. In conclusion, our study makes a novel observation that SAA might be an endogenous agonist for the TLR4 complex on macrophages. The contribution of this finding in amplifying innate immunity during the inflammatory process is discussed.
Comparitive Study of the e*-Method with a DASA-Base Method and an Algebraic Expression for Transition Prediction in Laminar Boundary Layers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The results of the exact stability method are compared to results of a simplified data base method and an algebraic expression. Two different airfoils, the DoAL3 and RAE 2822 airfoil, and the laminar glove (tapered wing) on the Fokker 100 are used for the exercise. The pressure distribution, the boundary layer- and the stability data are presented, using the incompressible- and the compressible strategy for the stability analysis.
Nicotine Self-Administration With Tobacco Flavor Additives in Male Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Nicotine can robustly increase responding for conditioned reinforcers (CRs), stimuli that acquire reinforcing properties based on association with primary reinforcers. Menthol and licorice are tobacco flavoring agents also found in sweet foods (eg, candy and ice cream), making them putative CRs before they are consumed in tobacco. We sought to determine if intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of nicotine was enhanced by the inclusion of oral tobacco flavor CRs. Methods Menthol (160 or 320 µM) or licorice root extract (0.1% or 1%) were established as CRs (paired with 20% sucrose) or “neutral” stimuli (paired with water) in separate groups. During subsequent IVSA tests, nicotine was delivered in conjunction with oral presentations of the CR. Results In experiment 1, a menthol CR significantly shifted the peak nicotine dose from 15 µg/kg/infusion (Neutral group) to 3.25 µg/kg/infusion (CR group). In experiment 2, a menthol CR significantly increased operant licks for nicotine (3 µg/kg/infusion) relative to control groups. In experiment 3, both licorice and menthol CRs significantly increased operant licks for nicotine (7.5 µg/kg/infusion) relative to an “inactive” sipper. The licorice CR increased nicotine IVSA in proportion to the strength of the flavor, but both menthol concentrations increased nicotine IVSA to a similar extent. Conclusion Tobacco flavor additives with conditioned reinforcing properties promote acquisition of nicotine self-administration at low unit doses and may have robust impact on tobacco consumption when nicotine yield is low. Implications Tobacco flavor additives are found in rewarding foods (eg, ice cream) and gain palatability based on associations with primary rewards (eg, sugar) making them “conditioned reinforcers.” Nicotine increases the motivation for flavor conditioned reinforcers and the present studies show that tobacco flavor additives can interact with nicotine to promote more nicotine self-administration. The interaction between flavors additives and nicotine may promote nicotine exposure and subsequently dependence.