jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Purposeful Goal-Directed Movements Give Rise to Higher Tactile Discrimination Performance

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Tactile perception is inhibited during goal-directed reaching movements (sensory suppression). Here, participants performed simple reaching or exploratory movements (where contact with the table surface was maintained). We measured tactile discrimination thresholds for vibratory stimuli delivered to participants' wrists while executing the movement, and while at rest. Moreover, we measured discrimination performance (in a same vs. different task) for the materials covering the table surface, during the execution of the different movements. The threshold and discrimination tasks could be performed either singly or together, both under active movement and passive conditions (ie, no movement required, but with tactile stimulation). Thresholds measured at rest were significantly lower than thresholds measured during both active movements and passive touches. This provides a clear indication of sensory suppression during movement execution. Moreover, the discrimination data revealed main effects of task (single vs. dual), movement execution type (passive vs. active), and movement type (reach vs. exploration): Discrimination performance was significantly higher under conditions of single-tasking, active movements, as well as exploratory movements. Therefore, active movement of the hand with the purpose of gaining tactual information about the surface of the table gives rise to enhanced performance, thus suggesting that we feel more when we need to; It would appear that tactual information is prioritized when relevant for the movement being executed.
A probable waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary. There was a marked peak in human cases of cryptosporidiosis in the Sheffield area in May and June 1986. Extensive epidemiological investigations failed to find a common source of food or a consistent history of animal contact, but did suggest that a waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis may have occurred. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in untreated water and in fish from a reservoir complex implicated by epidemiological analysis. Laboratory investigations confirmed that cattle on a farm adjacent to the reservoir complex were a possible source of contamination.
Atorvastatin can delay arterial stiffness progression in hemodialysis patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Arterial stiffness is one of the vascular pathologies in hemodialysis (HD) patients with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Few approaches have been tested to reduce arterial stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to assess effects of atorvastatin on arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients. Methods This research is a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial which included 50 patients maintained on regular HD. Patients were allocated to receive 10 mg atorvastatin or placebo for 24 weeks. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) as an index of large artery stiffness and augmentation index (AIx) as an index of wave reflections were assessed at baseline and after 6 months in both groups. Results In atorvastatin group at study end, there was no significant difference from baseline findings in aortic PWV (7.86 ± 2.5 vs 7.88 ± 2.6 m/sec; p = 0.136), AIx (26.04 ± 8.5 vs 26.0 ± 8.6%; p = 0.714) and central pulse pressure (PP) ( p = 1.0). On the other hand, in placebo group after 24 weeks, aortic PWV (7.80 ± 2.16 vs 7.63 ± 2.1 m/sec; p < 0.001), AIx (25.88 ± 9.4 vs 25.04 ± 9.4%; p < 0.001) increased significantly from baseline measurements but central pulse pressure (PP) ( p = 0.870) did not. Also, the change (Δ) in aortic PWV and AIx was significantly higher than the change in the atorvastatin group with p value of < 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively. Conclusions Arterial stiffness parameters remained stable in atorvastatin group but increased significantly in placebo-treated patients suggesting a potential role for atorvastatin to delay arterial stiffness progression in HD patients. Larger randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings. Clinical Trials registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04472637.
Dynamic Compression Behavior Of AISI 4340 Steel Under Various Strain Rates And Temperatures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, dynamic compression behavior of AISI 4340 steel alloy was investigated with split-Hopkinson and Taylor impact tests and numerical studies. Dynamic compression tests at strain rates of 725, 1500, 2000 s-1 at room temperature and at high temperatures of 150 and 250 °C were done using split-Hopkinson pressure bar. Taylor impact tests with the impact velocities of 245, 324 and 336 ms-1 were performed with cylindirical specimens to observe dynamic deformation behavior at impact conditions. Numerical studies using Ls-Dyna 3D finite element method were conducted to investigate temperature and stress distribution of specimens during Taylor impact tests. Experimental results revealed that as strain rate increased, yield and ultimate compressive strengths and total strains increased at room temperature at dynamic compression tests. At elevated test conditions, both strengths decreased and total strains increased due to softening effect. Taylor impact test results showed that all the specimens exhibited mushroomed deformation and increase of impact velocity led to shear crack and fracture at the end of deformation process. Numerical results indicates that highest temperatures were obtained at the impact surfaces for three impact velocities. In addition, the increase of impact velocity enhanced the stress distribution at deformed regions near impact surfaces.
Design Management in Focus: Quantitative Insights into DBB Project Performance Across Indian Case Studies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article analyses the impact of Design Management Consultants (DMCs) on projects. This technique produces outcomes in Design-Bid-Build (DBB) building projects in India. Employing a mixed analytical methodology, assessment of 10 projects was carried to examine cost reductions and timetable adherence. Studies demonstrate that projects utilizing DMC have fewer delays. This study yields less rework and improved compliance with environmental standards. This study emphasizes the essential function of interdisciplinary collaboration via DMCs and their importance in achieving project success.
Neuroprotective Properties of Wild Mango (Mangifera caloneura Kurz) Leaves on Alleviating Urban Air Pollutant Toxicity: Insights From Transcriptome Analysis of a Human Neuronal Cell Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Exposure to urban air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM), has been correlated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases, notably Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between urban air pollution and neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects and underlying mechanisms of urban dust on SH‐SY5Y cells using high‐throughput transcriptomic sequencing. In addition, we explored the neuroprotective potential of an ethanol extract of wild mango ( Mangifera caloneura ) leaves (MCE) against urban dust‐induced neurotoxicity. Our results demonstrated that urban dust significantly induced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, reduced nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, and decreased both mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate production. Transcriptomic analysis revealed altered expression of several genes associated with oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases, compared to control cells. Notably, co‐treatment with MCE reversed the detrimental effects caused by urban dust, particularly by enhancing Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increasing sirtuin 1 and superoxide dismutase 1 levels, and normalizing the altered gene expression patterns. In summary, MCE shows potential as an alternative therapeutic agent for preventing oxidative stress associated with air pollution‐induced neurodegenerative diseases.
Data from Human Papillomavirus Load in Eyebrow Hair Follicles and Risk of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Background:</b> Beta-human papillomavirus (betaPV) may play a role in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However betaPV is highly prevalent, and it may only be people with a higher viral load who have increased risk of SCCs. We therefore examined the association between betaPV load and SCCs.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> We recruited 448 immunocompetent cases with SCCs and 464 controls from Italy and Australia and 497 immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients (OTR; 179 cases and 318 controls) from Europe. We used reverse hybridization to genotype 25 betaPV types in eyebrow hair follicles and determined the viral load for eight selected types using quantitative PCR. We used logistic regression to assess associations between type-specific and cumulative viral load and SCCs.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Australian and OTR participants in the highest cumulative load tertile were at significantly higher risk of SCCs than those in the lowest tertile. Those with more than four betaPV types in the high load tertile were at approximately three-fold increased risk of SCCs. In Australia, HPV23 and 36 loads were significantly associated with SCCs, with borderline associations for HPV5 and 38. In OTR, HPV8 and 38 loads were significantly associated and HPV20 and 36 were borderline. We found little evidence for an association between load and SCCs in Italy.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> High viral load may be associated with risk of cutaneous SCCs, with total load seemingly more important than the load of any specific type.</p><p><b>Impact:</b> Our findings lend weight to the hypothesis that HPV plays a role in skin carcinogenesis. <i>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(4); 719–27. ©2013 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Cutis Laxa Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

18-months-old girl, the child of related parents, with no particular pathological history, presented with respiratory disorders associated with the fever and cough. On The clinical examination, the child was febrile and had respiratory distress. The respiratory rate was 60/min, heart rate 100/min, and blood pressure 100/70 mmHg, The weight and height were 10 kg (under 2DS) and 70 cm (normal for that age) respectively the facies was particularly suggestive of cutis laxa.
Zusammenhang zwischen Letalität und Patientenmindestmenge an deutschen Traumazentren

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS COT) requires at least 240 patients per year with an injury severity score (ISS) ≥16 for level-I trauma centres. In Germany, the issue of patient volume is discussed controversially. The aim was to find out, whether there is an effect of patient volume on mortality? Methods: Retrospective study. Analysis of the TraumaRegister DGU® Inclusion criteria were: trauma patients within Germany, ISS≥16. Patients transferred early were excluded. Descriptive data and outcome analysis (observed vs. expected mortality obtained by revised injury severity classification score, RISC-II) and logistic regression was performed (2009-13). Results: 39,289 patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 49.9±21.8 years, 71.3% were male, mean ISS was 27.2±11.6 and 29.2% had a Glasgow come scale (GCS)<8. Of 587 hospitals, 98 were level-I, 235 level-II and 254 level-III trauma centres. Within the subgroups with 40-59, 60-79 or 80-99 patients per year, the observed vs. expected mortality did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Within the subgroups with 1-19 and 20-39 patients per year, the observed mortality was significantly above the predicted mortality (p<0.05). There was a trend in the difference of observed and predicted outcome of about 1% between very low and very high volume hospitals in favour of high patient volume. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that patient volume is an independent and significant positive predictor of survival (odds ratio=OR 1.001 per case per year, p=0.005). Even when adjusted for hospital levels, patient volume remained a stable and robust positive predictor of survival. Conclusion: Overall, high patient volume is an independent, significant and positive predictor of survival. Based on these findings, a clear cut-off value could not be detected. However, it seems that ≥40 patients per year per hospital might be beneficial for an increased survival. High volume hospitals have an absolute difference of observed vs. predicted mortality of about +1% survival benefit compared to low volume hospitals.
Fatigue Crack Growth and Retardation Due to Overloads in Metal-matrix Composites Volume I. Fatigue Crack Growth In Boron-Aluminum Metal-Matrix Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The fatigue crack growth in a Boron-Aluminum metal matrix composite is investigated. The material consists of II plies of diffusion bonded 5.6 mil boron fibers in a 6061 aluminum matrix. In this study, the composite is characterized as an orthotropic elastic-plastic material using uniaxial test specimens. The constraint effect of the plasticity encountered in specimens with stress gradients is characterized using a tapered specimen. The modeling is verified on a specimen with a centered circular hole and specimens with transverse and oblique fatigue cracks. A series of baseline fatigue tests are performed an transverse and oblique fatigue cracks. The baseline tests are run at room temperature using a 10 Hz sinusoidal loading with a minimum applied load near zero. An effective stress intensity factor is developed to correlate all the baseline fatigue data. Overload tests are carried out on transverse and oblique cracked specimens. The specimens are cycled as was done in the baseline tests, and a single tensile overload was performed Cyclic loading to near failure followed. The post-overload crack growth behavior first accelerates, then decelerates. This crack growth eventually assumes its pre-overload state.
Debate: Facing uncertainty with(out) a sense of control – cultural influence on adolescents’ response to the COVID‐19 pandemic

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has brought about healthcare, economic, and psychological crises around the world. The psychological impact on adolescents is likely going to be uneven across different societies, as cultures vary in terms of their dominant learning style that may influence how people cope with uncertainty and perceive their sense of control. We postulate that for adolescents in individualistic cultures where individual learning prevails, their sense of control might be undermined by societal disease‐control regulations that restrict personal freedoms, while adolescents’ sense of control might increase via participating in societal preventive efforts in collectivistic cultures where social learning is more prevalent. Individual differences regarding one’s sense of control would, in turn, have implications for adolescents’ short‐term adjustments to COVID‐19‐related challenges and their future development.
PANEL QAZIB OLISHDA GORIZONTLAR O‘RTASIDAGI MASOFA VA XAVFLI DEFORMATSIYALARNI BOSHQARISH

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article primarily discusses issues such as ensuring the stability of preparatory workings, determining the dimensions of safety seals, and selecting protection methods. Methods of protecting and reinforcing preparatory workings: During development, it is necessary to leave safety seals of sufficient size. Here, methods such as layers and working horizons placement, stability calculations, and load-reducing workings are emphasized. When calculating the stability of preparatory workings, it is important to assess the mining-geological and mining-technical conditions, determine the dimensions of the ceiling and protective seal. When performing mining operations, the ceiling-subsurface convergence of the preparatory work is calculated, and depending on the calculated convergence, protection methods and materials are selected. If, according to the adopted option, it is impossible to ensure the stability of the preparatory workings, other options are considered, such as leaving a thicker set of rocks, increasing the dimensions of the seams. When designing preparatory workings and determining their dimensions, the depth of formation development, technology, and conditions are taken into account. This allows for the search for optimal solutions in the process of extracting and protecting rock gases.
Gandhi's religion: An introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Gandhi believed in judging people of other faiths from their stand point rather than his own. He welcomed contact of Hinduism with other religions, especially the Christian doctrines, for he did not want to be debarred from assimilating good anywhere else. He believed a respectful study of other's religion was a sacred duty and it did not reduce reverence for one's own. He was looking out for those universal principles which transcended religion as a dogma. He expected religion to take account of practical life, he wanted it to appeal to reason and not be in conflict with morality. He believed it was his right and duty to point out the defects of his own religion, but to desist from doing so with other's faith. He refused to abuse a man for his fanatical deeds for he tried to see them from the other person's point of view. He believed Jesus expressed the will and spirit of God but could not accept Jesus as the only incarnate son of God. If Jesus was like God or God himself, then all men were like God or God Himself. But neither could he accept the Vedas as the inspired word of God, for if they were inspired why not also the Bible and the Koran? He believed all great religions were fundamentally equal and that there should be innate respect for them, not just mutual tolerance. He felt a person wanting to convert should try to be a good follower of his own faith rather than seek goodness in change of faith. His early impressions of Christianity were unfortunate which underwent a change when he discovered the New Testament and the Sermon on the Mount, whose ideal of renunciation appealed to him greatly. He thought Parliament of Religions or International Fellowship of Religions could be based only on equality of status, a common platform. An attitude of patronizing tolerance was false to the spirit of international fellowship. He believed that all religions were more or less true, but had errors because they came to us though imperfect human instrumentality. Religious symbols could not be made into a fetish to prove the superiority of one religion over another.
Christian kings who are canons of churches in Rome

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Christian kings who are canons of churches in Rome Get access H. De B. H. H. De B. H. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s7-VII, Issue 182, 15 June 1889, Page 483, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s7-VII.182.483b Published: 22 June 1889
Fast Estimator Of Primordial Non-Gaussianity From Temperature And Polarization Anisotropies In The Cosmic Microwave Background. II. Partial Sky Coverage And Inhomogeneous Noise

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In the recent paper by Yadav and coworkers we described a fast cubic (bispectrum) estimator of the amplitude of primordial non-Gaussianity of local type, f(NL), from a combined analysis of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and E-polarization observations. In this paper we generalize the estimator to deal with a partial sky coverage as well as inhomogeneous noise. Our generalized estimator is still computationally efficient, scaling as O(N-pix(3/2)) compared to the O(N-pix(5/2)) scaling of the brute- force bispectrum calculation for sky maps with Npix pixels. Upcoming CMB experiments are expected to yield high- sensitivity temperature and E- polarization data. Our generalized estimator will allow us to optimally utilize the combined CMB temperature and E- polarization information from these realistic experiments and to constrain primordial non- Gaussianity.
31P and 1H NMR spectroscopy to study the effects of Gallopamil on brain ischemia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Studies were performed on 16 cats to evaluate the potential protective effects of Gallopamil on brain ischemia. Brain energy state was determined by 31 P NMR and lactate concentration was determined by 1 H NMR. Double‐tuned surface coils (tuned to 35.8 and 88.4, respectively) were placed on the head after skin and muscle were removed from the calvarium. A 2.1‐T, 25‐cm‐bore Oxford magnet interfaced to a Phosphoenergetics 250‐80 spectrometer was used. The cats were bled to 50 mm Hg for 10 min with subsequent application of bilateral carotid occlusion for 10 min to produce ischemia. In all animals, brain energy state as measured by P / PCr and lactate concentrations were determined over 5‐min intervals (before, during, and after the onset of ischemia). While Gallopamil did not prevent decreases in brain energy state or attenuate the rise in lactate concentration seen during ischemia, brain from animals treated with Gallopamil had a more rapid return of pH i to baseline during the recovery period. In Gallopamil‐treated cats, higher levels of lactate were necessary to cause a similar decrease in pH i when compared to controls. The rate of lactate recovery to baseline levels was similar in both groups (control = −0.38 ± 0.14 m M /min; Gallopamil = −0.44 ± 0.32 m M /min). In conclusion, Gallopamil appears to lessen the acidosis caused by cerebral ischemia. In addition, we have demonstrated that multinuclear NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study the effects of drugs on cerebral metabolism. © 1987 Academic Press, Inc.
Eosinophilic Sclerosing Lipogranuloma of the Male Genitalia Not Caused by Exogenous Lipids

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A type of sclerosing lipogranuloma of the male genitalia that is different from cases caused by injection or application of foreign bodies is reported in 4 patients. The characteristics of the disease are a symmetrical Y-shape of the granuloma, spontaneous regression, severe infiltration of eosinophils in the granuloma, eosinophilia of the peripheral blood and absence of any exogenous lipids by chemical analyses of the granuloma tissue. Ultrastructural study showed intracytoplasmic fat vacuoles of varied size in histiocytes and multinuclear giant cells. This is a new type of sclerosing lipogranuloma of the male genitalia and the pathogenesis of the disease is still unknown.
Surface Protection of Polymer Materials from Atomic Oxygen: a Review

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polymers, as substrate of composite material on the surface of spacecraft, have such advantages as light mass and high strength.Atomic oxygen (AO) is one of the highest content particles of low earth orbit, and high-energy high-flux AO bombardment causes the polymers' surface erosion and mass loss at different degree, resulting in polymers degradation.Thus, AO is one of major threats in space environment that reduces reliability of space devices and shortens their working life span.This review summarized current global protection technologies from AO in recent years.Among them, surface chemical modification method with advantages of body-modification and protection coating, provided organic/inorganic composite with modified layer through comprehensive protection performance.This review discussed the method to explore mechanism of the AO protection reaction by computational simulation.Computational simulation combined with experiments may reveal nature of the protection, facilitate future researches on AO protection, and provide guidance for fabrication surface polymer