jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ion Beam Experiments to Emulate Nuclear Fusion Environment on Structural Materials at CMAM

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

One of the major problems not only in nuclear fusion but in all the fields that have to face irradiation damage is to predict the microstructural evolution of all the features that are involved in the good response of the material.In the case of nuclear fusion, it is well known that structural materials that will be a fundamental piece in the future reactor must withstand severe neutron irradiation damage, high temperatures, and cyclic stresses which will result in a reduction of the lifetime of the component.For that reason, a big effort is being done for the scientific community in order to understand the complex mechanisms that lie in the relationship between irradiation damage, microstructure, temperature, stresses, etc.However, neutron irradiation brings inherently transmutation and nuclear activation, which makes extremely hard to study those samples.Therefore, the scientific community is using since long time ago ion beam facilities to emulate the neutron damage, without the worst inconvenience.In this chapter, the authors described briefly the facility located at Centro de MicroAnálisis de Materiales (CMAM), Madrid, and presented afterward some examples of experiments that Spanish Nuclear Fusion Laboratory at CIEMAT has been carrying out related to this matter.
Communication Strategies Used to Promote a ‘Made In’ and ‘Terroir’ Culture – The Case of France

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study tries to decipher the mechanism and strategies used by official entities to communicate around Made In or ‘terroir’ in France. We collected data from 13 organisms promoting ‘terroir’ and ‘made in’ and it was coded through an inductive approach of content analysis. Results show that communication strategies use cognitive and identity-building values through the usage of labels /know-how/flavors (cognitive values) and of history-related links/product authenticity and logo creation (identity-building values). Affective and normative values are not used nor are visual cues to attract consumers’ attention. Communication relies more upon the feeling around some community of consumption.
Meta-analytic evidence that we-talk predicts relationship and personal functioning in romantic couples

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Interdependence is a hallmark of romantic relationships, and first-person plural pronoun use (“we-talk”) can indicate interdependence between self and other. We-talk often positively, but sometimes negatively, relates to relationship and personal functioning. A meta-analysis of 30 studies supported a positive association overall between one’s own and partners’ we-talk and relationship and personal functioning, as well as each of five indicators (relationship outcomes, relationship behaviors, mental and physical health, and health behaviors) for individuals in romantic relationships. Partner use of we-talk was generally more strongly related to relationship functioning than own use. Females’ and spouses’ use of we-talk was related more to males’ and patients’ functioning, respectively. In general, our results revealed that we-talk was most strongly associated with relationship functioning and that partner effects tended to be stronger than actor effects. Both patterns of meta-analytic findings support the notion that we-talk reflects interdependence between romantic partners.
Interacting effects of physical and cognitive loads on walking gait

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Falls are common and often a devastating problem especially amongst the elderly, causing a substantial amount of morbidity, mortality and extensive use of health care services such as premature nursing home admissions. Majority of these falls are associated with one or more identifiable risk factors (e.g. unsteady gait), and studies has shown that the rates of falling can be significantly reduced when attention are shown to these risk factors. 2 groups of participants were studied upon, namely the elderly participants and the young participants. 14 healthy young participants and 15 healthy elderly participants of various heights and weights participated in the experiment, which consisted of 15 different protocols, required to be completed in a 2.5 hour session. The aim of the study was to study the dual task effects of cognitive tasks and physical load carriage on level walking. Results for the anterior-posterior margin of stability (MOS) were the main concerns in this study, the MOS was used to quantify the gait stability while performing these protocols, also to find out which component in the working memory model would affect walking gait more significantly. It can be said that gait stability was significantly affected with the factor of age difference, where the elderly are physically less abled in comparison with the young. Utilisation of the VSSP and the phonological store (under the phonological loop component) of the working memory model was more significant in affecting the lower anterior-posterior MOS as compared to the central executive and articulatory rehearsal components of the working memory model. The conclusions derived from this project serve well to the future researchers and engineers, especially those who are working on the field of human factors and ergonomics, to understand causes and effects of gait instability and in developing interventions to minimize the risk of falls especially amongst the elderly.
Comparison of the Diagnoses of Dermatology Patients in COVID-19 Period with Previous Year: What Has Changed?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemics has caused changes in the profile of the dermatology patients due to restrictions and changing conditions. Materials and Methods:Patients administered to dermatology outpatient clinic during years 2019 and 2020 were included to study.Demographic characteristics, admission dates and definitive diagnoses of the patients were obtained in the hospital automation system.Among the dermatological diagnoses, those that are likely to be affected by the pandemic were selected. Results:In 2019, 16107 patients administered to dermatology clinic while 5,887 patients administered in 2020 (p=0.00).The percentage of the patients diagnosed with scabies, contact dermatitis, pityriasis rosea (PR), telogen effluvium, zona zoster, alopecia areata and lichen planus increased in 2020 comparing with 2019 (p<0.05).The percentage of acne and psoriasis patients significantly decreased (p<0.05).When compared according to genders no significant difference in terms of percentages of male and female patients in scabies and PR was detected (p>0.05).The ratio of male patients with contact dermatitis, telogen effluvium, alopecia areata and lichen planus significantly increased (p<0.05).The percentage of female patients with zona zoster and psoriasis vulgaris significantly increased compared to prepandemic period (p<0.05). Conclusion:COVID-19 outbreak caused some changes in the distribution of some dermatological diseases.These changes give information about the effect of pandemic conditions on the administration of the patients to the hospital and the role of stress and COVID-19 as triggers of the diseases.
Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders among Patients with Cervical Spine Pathologies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract:Background: Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD) are multifactorial conditions affecting themasticatory system. The potential connection between TMD and cervical spine pathologies (CSP) has beenhighlighted in recent literature, but the relationship's depth and nuances remain under-investigated.Objective: To determine the prevalence of TMD in patients with confirmed cervical spine pathologies.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 146 patients with diagnosed CSP were evaluated. Standardizedquestionnaires for TMD diagnosis were administered, and the presence of cervical spine pathologies wasconfirmed via radiographic imaging. The correlation between the type and severity of CSP and TMD was thenanalyzed. Results: Of the 146 patients studied, 63 (43.2%) were identified with TMD. The most prevalentcervical pathologies among TMD patients were cervical disc degeneration (57.1%) and cervical spondylosis(28.6%). A notable positive correlation was observed between the severity of CSP and TMD symptoms (r=0.62,p<0.01).Conclusion: Patients with cervical spine pathologies exhibit a heightened prevalence of TMD when comparedto the general population. This data underscores the significance of dual assessment for TMD in patients withCSP. Further exploration is necessary to decipher the biomechanical and neurological interplay facilitating thisassociation.
Place-based industrial and regional strategy – levelling the playing field

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Over the past decade there has been renewed interest in the role of industrial strategy in enhancing innovation, productivity, and competitiveness within and across firms, sectors and regions with an eye to fostering more balanced regional economic growth. This special issue explores how policymakers could adopt place-based industrial policy measures to foster regional catch up and a more balanced and cohesive regional growth. In doing so, the papers are a mix of contributions that develop theory, provide evidence and highlight ‘state of the art’ or good practice that can inform a level playing field fostering regional industrial strategy.
Adjuvant treatment for endometrial cancer: efficacy, toxicity and quality of life

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Approximately 15–20% of women with endometrial cancer have high-risk disease features and are at increased risk of distant metastases. Standard treatment after surgery is pelvic radiotherapy to reduce the risk of recurrence. In the international PORTEC-3 trial we have investigated the added value of adjuvant chemotherapy during and after radiotherapy in terms of efficacy, toxicity and quality of life. It was found that both overall and recurrence-free survival were significantly improved with the addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy, especially for women with more advanced disease (stage 3) or with serous histological type. This comes however at the expense of increased and more serious toxicity and an impaired quality of life during and in the first 6 months after treatment. About 25% of women treated with chemotherapy still reported tingling and numbness of hands and/or feet at 2 years after treatment. It is therefore important to discuss the benefits and costs of the addition of chemotherapy in shared decision making, for which the results discussed in this thesis provide valuable information. Currently molecular analysis of the PORTEC-3 tissue samples is done to evaluate which patients benefit most from added chemotherapy.
The Governance of Visibility

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores the relationship between information and mobility as it is manifest at the Mexico-US border and understands that border to be one, although very important, site of information processing and production. Within the electronic as well as the physical spaces of the Mexico-US borderlands, it is argued that practices of evasion and exposure produce specific forms of politics. These forms bear on the militarization of the border, particular bourgeois anxieties, various instances of violence, the pursuit of survival strategies and recognition, and the emergence of resistance and countertactics. Also considered are possibilities for alternatives to the ways mobility is governed and challenged in the borderlands especially as it bears on the lives of migrants.
Effect of Occupation- and Activity-Based Interventions on Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Performance Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This systematic review examines the effectiveness of occupation- and activity-based interventions on community-dwelling older adults’ performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). It was conducted as part of the American Occupational Therapy Association’s Evidence-Based Practice Project. Forty studies met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised and synthesized. Within occupation-based and client-centered interventions, the evidence that multicomponent interventions improve and maintain IADL performance in community-dwelling older adults is strong. The results also indicate that client-centered, occupation-based interventions can be effective in improving and maintaining IADL performance. The evidence is moderate for functional task exercise programs and limited for simulated IADL interventions to improve IADL performance. In the area of performance skills, the evidence related to physical activity and cognitive skills training is mixed, and the evidence that vision rehabilitation interventions improve IADL performance in older adults with low vision is moderate. Implications for practice, education, and research are also discussed.
Rethinking Historical Aspects

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Explaining the persistence of multiple interpretations of the same historical event has been an ongoing question in the philosophy of history. In this paper I illustrate two possible answers and argue that neither offers a satisfactory resolution. First of all, the realist view, which holds a metaphysical commitment to the past that precludes it from fully recognizing the legitimacy of variability of historical interpretations. Second, Ankersmit’s representationalism which seeks to overcome the realist view by introducing the notion of aspects . Nevertheless, I contend that this latter position ultimately proves indistinguishable from the sort of realist commitments it claims to avoid. In order to overcome these views, I argue that a new conception of historical aspects is needed. By developing a Wittgensteinian notion of aspect seeing , I provide a novel account of historical explanation. Wittgenstein’s insights allow us not only to explain the multiplicity of historical accounts but also to recognize the epistemic activity that goes into historiographical construction.
Investigation of candidate sex determination and sex differentiation genes in sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, and Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genes associated with sex differentiation (the process by which undifferentiated gonads develop into testes or ovaries) are relatively conserved among vertebrates, but those associated with sex determination (the genetic and/or environmental “switch” that activates differentiation) are more variable, particularly in fishes. Virtually nothing is known regarding the genetic basis of these processes in lampreys, one of the two extant groups of jawless fishes. Therefore, I tested whether 19 candidate sex determination genes identified from other vertebrates showed sex specific sequence differences in sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, and Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus; 11 and seven genes amplified in sea and Pacific lampreys, respectively, but none showed sex specific differences. I also used qRT-PCR to measure expression of seven candidate sex differentiation genes (e.g., SOX9, DMRT1, WT1, DAZAP1) prior to and during testicular differentiation in sea lamprey, and found that expression patterns were consistent with their presumed role in other vertebrates.
Parameterized Schedulability Analysis on Uniform Multiprocessors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper addresses global Rate-Monotonic (RM) scheduling of implicit-deadline periodic real-time tasks on uniform multiprocessor platforms. In particular, we propose new schedulability conditions that include a set of easily computable task-set parameters for achieving better system utilization while meeting the deadlines of all the tasks. First, an individual sufficient schedulability condition is derived for each task. Then, the collection of schedulability conditions for the tasks are condensed to provide two different simple sufficient schedulability conditions for the entire task system --- one for uniform multiprocessors, and one for unit-capacity multiprocessors, respectively. Finally, we show that our proposed simple rate-monotonic schedulability conditions for uniform and unit-capacity multiprocessors have higher worst-case system utilization than all other state-of-the-art simple schedulability conditions for global rate-monotonic scheduling of implicit-deadline tasks.
An overview of the Solar Photovoltaic policy in the Region of Madeira

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The Region of Madeira, being one of the top locations in Portugal in terms of solar exposition, started to bet on micro and mini production photovoltaic systems at the end of the year of 2008, which, environmentally, resulted in a lower number of carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels in thermal plants and, economically, led to the decrease of exterior energy importation. Despite the initial and gradual increase of the investments in these systems, the solar policy has suffered various changes over the past few years by the introduction of new regulations that were responsible for the stagnation of the growth of photovoltaic systems in the Region of Madeira. Taking into account the important role that the solar systems could take on meeting Madeira's goals for renewable energy for 2020, whose deadline is getting closer and have not been achieved yet, the main scope of this paper is to raise awareness about the need for changing the current paradigm of the photovoltaic systems, in order to bring the investment in this field back on track, by identifying the main drawbacks of the current regulation, by demonstrating the environmental and economic benefits of these systems and by studying their performance based on their energy production, which could also help defining the solar policy for the next decades. Overall, it was estimated that the photovoltaic systems in Madeira allowed the emission savings of nearly 22 thousand tons of carbon dioxide as well as the saving of almost 5 million euros from imported fuel, which are relevant values that support the need of adjusting the current instant net-metering regime. Also, the results showed that the places with the best performances are located in the south region of the island and that the efficiency of these installations may rely on the installer company.
A Pleistocene marsupial fauna from Limeburner's Point, Victoria, Australia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A collection of fossil marsupials, recovered from freshwater limestones at Limeburner's Point near Geelong, Victoria, Australia, is described.The fauna, here named the Limebumer's Point Local Fauna, contains two species of SarcophUus Boitard, one near S. harrisii (Boitard) and S. laniariiis (Owen), and another large speeies; a large vombatid near Disiorhinus medius (Owen): a new species of Simosthenurus Tedtord, S. mccoyi, intermediate in size between S. orientalis (Tedford) and S. pales (De Vis); two wallabies, one near Macropus (Notomacropus) parryi Bennett, the other cf.Wallabia bicolor (Desmarest); a large indeterminate macropod; two diprotodontids, Diprotodon "longicep.s"McCoy that is here referred to D. optatum Owen; and an indeterminate species of Zygomatunis Macleay.Most of these taxa belong to extinct lineages.The faunal assemblage indicates a mid-Pleistocene age which is in accord¬ ance with recent conclusions based on magnetic polarity stratigraphic analysis and earlier stratigraphic correlations.
Pension Insurance as a Topical Direction of Life Insurance Development in the Current Context

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The pension insurance system, that includes mandatory and voluntary instruments, stands out as a basics of financial security of the social society. The balanced structure of the system of voluntary and compulsory insurance allows to ensure a high social protection degree for citizens of retirement age. This circumstance stands out as a major argument in favor of taking measures by the government and the insurers community aimed at promoting voluntary pension insurance as a significant direction for the life insurance development. All this explains the relevance of research in this field of insurance. The article examines the role of voluntary pension insurance as a topical direction developing life insurance in general. It presents the main problems of the current system of compulsory pension insurance which can be solved only by adequate development of the voluntary form of pension insurance. It specifies the advantages of development and use of products of this insurance type for the government, insurers and policyholders. It brings forth practical examples and calculations that demonstrate the relevance of concluding the contract of voluntary pension insurance for individuals in the current context.
Providencia stuartii: a review of a multiply antibiotic-resistant bacterium

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Providencia stuartii: a review of a multiply antibiotic-resistant bacterium Get access P. M. Hawkey P. M. Hawkey Department of Clinical Microbiology, Bristol Royal InfirmaryMarlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 13, Issue 3, March 1984, Pages 209–226, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/13.3.209 Published: 01 March 1984
Study the effect of ketogenic diet on weight loss and lipid profile on obese rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Obesity is defined as a high percentage of body fat, which is frequently associated with a high body mass index (BMI), which links an individual's weight and height. Obesity is a frequent and widespread disease all over the world, affecting both children and adults, male and female. Obesity, as a source of many diseases and health problems, has recently emerged as a severe health issue that necessitates treatment and follow-up. Obesity prevalence in various age groups worldwide, including Saudi Arabia, where the obesity incidence is 59%, and the dangers of obesity-related ailments such as type 2 diabetes, strokes, and heart disease, which leads to Increased medication use with bariatric surgery. The ketogenic diet (KD) has recently become the most popular diet all over the world. As a result, the keto diet comprises eating a lot of fat, a tiny bit of protein, and very little carbohydrates. The goal of this research report is to learn more about the effects of a KD on weight loss and lipid profile. In this study, the qualitative method was applied, which relies on secondary data sources. In this study, we used a range of research that was also conducted by other researchers.
Dialysable thyroxine index in the assessment of thyroid status

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A method is described for assessing thyroid status by estimating plasma thyroxine and dialysable thyroxine and multiplying these two to give a dialysable thyroxine index. Certain difficulties which sometimes invalidate other thyroid function tests are avoided. The techniques are relatively simple and clear differentiation between thyroid states can usually be made.