jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Bean Seed Treatment with Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium robertsii on Soil Microarthropods (Acari, Collembola)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The treatment of agricultural crops with entomopathogenic fungi may disturb the structure of soil microarthropod communities, which can have an adverse impact on soil fertility and, ultimately, on the yield. The effect of the treatment of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds, with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii, on the abundance and community structure of soil microarthropods in the rhizosphere was assessed in different phases of plant vegetation in a two-year experiment. Under the conditions of the gradually decreased abundance of M. robertsii both in the soil cenoses and in the plants during summer, no adverse effect was revealed of the bean seed treatment, with the entomopathogenic fungus, on the abundance of soil microarthropods (Acari: Mesostigmata, Prostigmata, Oribatida and Astigmata; Collembola) and the structure of their communities. Similar results were obtained in the analysis, taking into account the positive colonization of plants. Some changes in the microarthropod community structure were explained primarily by the spatial heterogeneity of the field, the hydrothermal regime, and the features of the microarthropod life cycles. The results indicate the possibility of using dressing seeds with conidial suspension for plant inoculation with entomopathogenic fungus (at least M. robertsii) as a potentially safe plant protection method for non-target soil microarthropods.
Effects of 3,6-dimethylamino-dibenzopyriodonium edetate on action potentials in guinea pig papillary muscles.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effects of 3,6-dimethylamino-dibenzopyriodonium edetate (IHC-72) on action potentials (AP) and slow response action potentials of guinea pig papillary muscles were studied with intracellular microelectrodes. IHC-72 12.7, 25.4, and 50.8 mumol.L-1 decreased the maximal upstroke velocity (Vmax), amplitude of action potential (APA), over shot (OS), and resting potential (RP) while prolonged the action potential duration at 30%, 50%, 90%, and 100% repolarization (APD30, APD50, APD90, and APD100). IHC-72 25.4 and 50.8 mumol.L-1 decreased the APA, Vmax, and prolonged APD50 and APD90 under high K+ superfusion. IHC-72 25.4 and 50.8 mumol.L-1 depressed the automaticity, APA, and maximal diastolic potential (MDP) of the slow response action potentials induced by BaCl2. The results indicated that IHC-72 might nonspecifically inhibit the transmembrane movement of Ca2+, Na+, and K+.
Complications With Utilization of Positive-Pressure Devices in a Young Man With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Because of the progressive muscle weakness they experience, patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy frequently utilize positive-pressure devices to maintain adequate bronchial hygiene and ventilation. This case illustrates the course of a 19-y-old male who presented with a perforated right tympanic membrane (TM) following the use of these devices. Perforation of the TM while utilizing positive-pressure devices is a rarely reported event. A challenging aspect in this case was balancing the reduction of pressures and maintaining adequate ventilation while at the same time allowing the TM to heal.
Band-e-Amir Lakes and Dragon Valley (Bamiyan): myths and seismicity in Afghanistan

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Located SW of the Hindu Kush range, the Band-e-Amir lakes and other continental bioherms around Bamiyan are famous for their ordering into terraces and their great variety of colours. Numerous legends, the earliest likely dating to the establishment of the Zoroastrian religion, refer to the topography, ecology, and colours of the lakes and seismic activity of the area. The lakes have been formed by the chemical and biologically-induced build-up of semicircular or successive linear travertine dams. The discovery of a highly truncated karstic network located at an elevation of around 4000 m. along the base of Maastrichtian carbonate cliffs surrounding the lakes, may explain the presence of this carbonate sedimentation which has fluctuated with time and was responsible for legendary floods. Localized at the eastern end of the Herat strike-slip fault, the timing and duration of the build-ups and lakes are under the influence of intense seismic activity, partially due to the seismic activity of the nearby Hindu Kush, in relation to the northern drift of the Afghan Gondwanian block towards the Eurasiatic plate. These bioherms and lakes occur in an area of high risk; a zone of floods, freezing temperatures, earthquakes and rock avalanches caused by the high altitude and location in the Himalayan alpine belt. These natural features have affected local populations beginning with the movement into the area of more or less sedentary people, apparently coming from the Bactrian province. Such a fragile biological and sedimentological environment should be maintained by organized governmental assistance, with a primary goal of protecting the local inhabitants, but also preserving this exceptional environment for others to enjoy.
MODELING THE SNOW DEPOSIT PROCESS ON THE HIGHWAYS IN THE FLOWVISION

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Statement of the problem. The problems of snow deposit modeling on the highways with crash barriers during blizzards in the FlowVision. Results. The highway section passing in the embankment as an experimental section has been considered. The geometric model of the highway section was created. The information resources for creating a hydrodynamic model of snowflow stream of highway embankment with barrier barriers during blizzard were identified. The modeling of the snow deposit process in the experimental section using the FlowVision during blizzards with different parameters was carried out. Conclusions. It was concluded that it is possible to use the FlowVision to improve the methodology for snow protection designing and determining of snow removal parameters for winter road maintenance.
Selected Articles from This Issue

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The addition of platinum to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherap. improves pathological responses in triple-negative breast cancer but also increases treatment toxicity. In the NeoSTOP randomized trial, Sharma and colleagues found that a carboplatin plus docetaxel (CbD) regimen yielded similar pathological response and survival rates as the anthracycline-containing regimen of carboplatin plus paclitaxel, followed by doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide, but with a more favorable toxicity profile. The CbD regimen represents an effective alternative for patients who are not candidates for anthracyclines and may also serve as a good backbone for neoadjuvant de-escalation trials for triple-negative breast cancer.Combining checkpoint inhibitors with antiangiogenic agents holds promise for cancer treatment. In a prior phase I study, camrelizumab plus apatinib demonstrated encouraging activity in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To further study this combination, Xu and colleagues performed a phase II study of camrelizumab plus apatinib in patients with advanced HCC. The overall response rate was 34.3% in the first-line and 22.5% in the second-line setting. The 12-month survival rate was 74.7% and 68.2%, respectively. Serious adverse events were observed in 28.9% patients. Still, this work suggests that this combination warrants further study in patients with advanced HCC.Breast tumors with higher levels of cytotoxic T-cell infiltration have a better prognosis and response to preoperative chemotherapy. Oncolytic viruses such as talimogene laherparepvec (TVEC) cause selective lysis of tumor cells and trigger activation of antigen presenting cells to stimulate an antitumor immune response. Soliman and colleagues performed a phase I study of TVEC combined with neoadjuvant chemotherap. in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. This combination treatment led to a complete response in 55% of patients with manageable toxicity. Furthermore, evidence of decreased immunosuppression was observed. These results support further investigation of this regimen in further trials.Currently, effective strategies to monitor chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in tissue are lacking. Simonetta and colleagues assessed the utility of antibody-based PET (immunoPET) as a molecular imaging strategy to monitor CAR T cells in tissue. Inducible T-cell COStimulator (ICOS) was identified as a potential target for immunoPET. 89Zr-DFO-ICOS mAb PET-CT detected signal specifically in mice treated with CAR T cells. Importantly, ICOS-targeting antibodies did not affect CAR T-cell persistence or function. This work identifies ICOS-immunoPET imaging as a promising strategy for monitoring of CAR T-cell therapy; further study of this approach in a clinical setting is warranted.
The Impact of Aramaic (especially Syriac) on the Qur'ān

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The impact of Aramaic (especially Syriac) on the Qur'ān has long been a matter of debate among scholars, especially among those of the western academe but also within circles of traditional Muslim scholarship. Central to this discussion is the language and audience of the Qur'ān. Studies on the Qur'ān's foreign vocabulary gradually gave way to more in depth analyses on the text's relationship to Syriac Christian literature as well as debates surrounding the Jewish‐Christian dimensions, the text's audience. The textual theories employed in studying the Qur'ān's relationship to the Syriac language and Biblical canon contain the strongest debate concerning the impact of Aramaic (especially Syriac) on the Qur'ān. These textual theories have been given consideration in recent scholarship, which reads the Qur'ān in light of the Aramaic translations of the Gospels, as well as the Syriac translation of the Didascalia Apostolorum .
Repeat Low-Trauma Fractures Occur Frequently Among Men and Women Who Have Osteopenic BMD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Fracture risk assessment based solely on BMD has limitations. Additional risk factors include the presence of a previous low-trauma fracture. We sought to quantify the fracture burden attributable to first versus repeat fracture. We studied 2179 men and 5269 women, 50–90 yr of age, participating in the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). We included all low-trauma fractures that occurred over 8 yr of follow-up and classified these as either first or repeat clinical low-trauma fracture based on lifetime fracture history. Analyses were further stratified by sex, age, BMD risk categories (normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis), and vertebral deformity status. There were 128 fractures in men and 577 fractures in women. About 25% of fractures in men and 40% in women were repeat fractures. Just over one half of first fractures occurred in those with osteopenic BMD (58% in men, 54% in women). Just under one half of repeat fractures also occurred in those with osteopenic BMD (42% in men, 47% in women). The incidence of repeat fracture was, in most cases, nearly double, but sometimes nearly quadruple, the incidence of first fracture within a given BMD risk category in both men and women. Repeat fractures contribute substantially to overall fracture burden, and the contribution is independent of BMD. Furthermore, those with a combination of prior low-trauma fracture and another risk factor were at especially high risk of future fracture.
Non-Stationary Job Search with Firing: A Structural Estimation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper modifies Van den Berg's (1990) nonstationary model of search, considering the existence of a firing probability. The presence of firing makes unemployed workers lower their reservation wage because of the entitlement effect embodied in accepting a job offer. In this nonstationary environment, reservation wages have a stronger time-dependence than without firing.
Fabrication of bio-inorganic metal nanoparticles by low-cost lychee extract for wastewater remediation: a mini-review

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: This review article gives an overview of the biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles (mNPs) while using Litchi chinensis extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The subtropical fruit tree i.e lychee contains phytochemicals such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyphenolic compounds which act as reducing agents and convert the metal ions into metal atoms that coagulate to form mNPs. Methodology: Different methodologies adopted for the synthesis of lychee extract and its use in the fabrication of mNPs under different reaction conditions such as solvent, extract amount, temperature, and pH of the medium have also been discussed critically in detail. Techniques: Different techniques such as FTIR, UV–visible, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM adopted for the analysis of biogenic synthesis of mNPs have also been discussed in detail. Applications of mNPs: Applications of these prepared mNPs in various fields due to their antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anticancer, and catalytic activities have also been described in detail.
The Clinical Analysis of the CT Image in the Lacunar Cerebral Infarction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To analyse CT Image 0f 100 cases in the lacunar cerebral infarction,and to discuss the relation between cause of disease and clinical symptoms with the lacunar cerebral infarction.Methods:Analysed CT image in 100 cases of the lacunar cerebral infarction retrospectively,combining with medical history,clinical symptoms collects,relation between cause of disease and clinical symptoms.Results:The lacunar cerebral infarction was the most common cranial vascular disease in old people,clinical symptoms manifestation was varied,the part of patients limb allocation symptom suitable were not to agree with lesion location,there were part patients being no obvious clinical symptoms.The report of CT were shown for nidus 3～15 mm low-density cooking stove,There was quality easy to get rich on section of base bean shape core,tail shape core and inner bag as well as the thalamus,bridge brain and etc.That went with the arteriosclerosis brain disease,other location brain infarction,cerebral hemorrhage,encephalanalosis and cortex.Conclusion:The lacunar cerebral infarction has a close relationship with hypertension,arteriosclerosis,diabetes and thrombus,relation of clinical symptoms with lacunar cerebral infarction in CT symbol has no peculiarity.
Monetary Incentives and Student Achievement in a Depressed Labor Market: Results from a Randomized Experiment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We evaluate the effectiveness of monetary incentives in enhancing student performance using a randomized experiment involving undergraduate students enrolled at a southern Italian University. Students were assigned to three different groups: a high-reward group, a low-reward group, and a control group. Rewards were given to the 30 best-performing students in each group. Financial rewards increase student performance. High-ability students react strongly whereas the effect is null for low-ability students. Large and small rewards produce very similar effects. These effects also persist in subsequent years, when the financial incentives are no longer in place. No types of crowding-out effects of the monetary incentives are found.
Population Size, Ecology and Mineral Reservoir of the Millipede, Narceus Annularis (RAF.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A very dense population of the millipede Narceus annularis (Raf.) was studied. Population size and sex ratio of adults in 3 hectares were determined five times during 1966. From this information the seasonal ecology of the millipede is outlined. Speculation on the significance of the population as a forest mineral reservoir and how this is calculated are given.
The Information Vulnerability Landscape

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores how responsibility for protecting electronic data is currently attributed and examines legislation aimed at managing the problem of compromised personal records. It compares the aims of legislation with an analysis of reported incidents of data loss for the period of 1980–2007. A discrepancy between legislative responses to electronic data loss and the actual damages incurred reveals that responsibility for maintaining the security of electronic personal records has been misplaced and should be reexamined. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the options for public policy oversight.
An Efficient Method of Eliminating the Range Ambiguity for a Low-Cost FMCW Radar Using VCO Tuning Characteristics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a simple method of eliminating the range ambiguity and the design approach for low-cost and small-size homodyne frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars. The range measurement accuracy could be efficiently improved by proper time gating of the beat signal without any closed-loop linearity compensation circuitry for typical varactor-tuned voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). The presented selectively gated fast Fourier transformation method is immune to the frequency shift of the VCOs. A W-band FMCW radar using a raw varactor-tuned VCO having the percent linearity of 7.16% was implemented, and achieved less than 2% ranging error of the target lying at 200 m. Owing to the simple structure and fast processing speed, this method is applicable to the various low-cost radar sensors for ranging and detection
Species Distribution Modeling in the Tropics: Problems, Potentialities, and the Role of Biological Data for Effective Species Conservation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we aim to investigate the problems and potentialities of species distribution modeling (SDM) as a tool for conservation planning and policy development and implementation in tropical regions. We reviewed 123 studies published between 1995 and 2007 in five of the leading journals in ecology and conservation, and examined two tropical case studies in which distribution modeling is currently being applied to support conservation planning. We also analyzed the characteristics of data typically used for fitting models within the specific context of modeling tree species distribution in Central America. The results showed that methodological papers outnumbered reports of SDMs being used in an applied context for setting conservation priorities, particularly in the tropics. Most applications of SDMs were in temperate regions and biased towards certain organisms such as mammals and birds. Studies from tropical regions were less likely to be validated than those from temperate regions. Unpublished data from two major tropical case studies showed that those species that are most in need of conservation actions, namely those that are the rarest or most threatened, are those for which SDM is least likely to be useful. We found that only 15% of the tree species of conservation concern in Central America could be reliably modelled using data from a substantial source (Missouri Botanical Garden VAST database). Lack of data limits model validation in tropical areas, further restricting the value of SDMs. We concluded that SDMs have a great potential to support biodiversity conservation in the tropics, by supporting the development of conservation strategies and plans, identifying knowledge gaps, and providing a tool to examine the potential impacts of environmental change. However, for this potential to be fully realized, problems of data quality and availability need to be overcome. Weaknesses in current biological datasets need to be systematically addressed, by increasing collection of field survey data, improving data sharing and increasing structural integration of data sources. This should include use of distributed databases with common standards, referential integrity, and rigorous quality control. Integration of data management with SDMs could significantly add value to existing data resources by improving data quality control and enabling knowledge gaps to be identified.
The Shiʿis of Saudi Arabia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Shi'is of Saudi offers a comprehensive overview of the evolution of Shi'i opposition in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, from the Iranian Revolution in 1979 to the ascension of Abdullah to the throne in August 2005. Fouad Ibrahim examines the Reform Movement, which replaced the Islamic Revolution Organization following the Shi'i uprisings in al-Hasa and Qatif. Since its initiation, the Movement has campaigned for an Islamic state similar to the Iranian model. It became more moderate in the early nineties, when it began advocating democracy, human rights and civil society. It also succeeded in bringing issues of political and individual liberty in Saudi Arabia to the attention of human rights organizations, Western governments and political parties throughout the world. King Fahd decreed a general amnesty in 1993, allowing Shi'i dissidents who had fled to return to the country. In return, the Shi'is were required to abandon their political programme of reform. This marked a new era for the Shi'is in the Eastern Province. Ibrahim assesses the leaders' considerable efforts to formulate a new discourse, participating in activities throughout the country with the aim of bringing about political change in the kingdom.
Evaluation of radiochemical purity of commercially available I-123 MIBG

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

2238 Objectives I-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is increasingly utilized in nuclear medicine, particularly in nuclear cardiology. There are currently two commercially available products; Adreview (GE Healthcare) and I-123 MIBG (Anazao Healthcare). Our facility evaluated the radiochemical purity of these two commercially available radiopharmaceuticals. Methods The radiochemical purity of Adreview and I-123 MIBG (Anazao) was evaluated at receipt/reconstitution and at 4 hours after receipt using a miniaturized chromatography system consisting of silicic acid chromatography paper (Varian, Inc) with 0.9% sodium chloride. I-123 MIBG was spotted at the origin, developed in saline, cut at Rf = 0.7 and counted using a multichannel analyzer interfaced to a NaI (TI) well detector. For each specific evaluation, three replicate samples were analyzed and the data statistically summarized. Results The radiochemical purity of Adreview at receipt and at four hours after receipt was 94.5% and 93.5%, respectively. The radiochemical purity of I-123 MIBG (Anazao Healthcare) at reconstitution and four hours later was 92.9% and 91.1%, respectively. Conclusions The labeling efficiency of Adreview (GE Healthcare) and I-123 MIBG (Anazao Healthcare) was assessed. The radiochemical purity of both products was greater than 90% at 4 hours after receipt/reconstitution.