jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Turbulent Flow in Submerged Jumps on Rough Beds

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The results of an experimental investigation on the flow field in submerged jumps on horizontal rough beds, detected by an acoustic Doppler velocimeter, are presented. Experiments were conducted for the conditions of submerged jumps, having submergence factors from 0.96 to 1.85 and jet Froude numbers from 2.58 to 4.87, over rough beds of Nikuradse's equivalent sand roughness equaling 0.49, 0.8, 1.86, and 3mm. The vertical distributions of time-averaged velocity components, turbulence intensity components, and Reynolds stress at different streamwise distances from the sluice opening and the horizontal distribution of bed-shear stress are plotted. Vector plots of the flow field show that the rate of decay of jet velocity in a submerged jump increases with increase in bed roughness. The flow characteristics on rough beds, being different from those on smooth bed, are discussed from the point of view of similarity, growth of the length scale, and decay of the velocity and turbulence characteristics scales. The most important observation is that the flow in the fully developed zone is found to be self-preserving.
Plains-Promontory Relationships

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A reconsideration of material collected from Promontory Point, north central Utah (Steward 1937) suggests that Promontory-Plains relationships may be closer than hitherto realized. Moreover, while several traits of the Promontory culture occur in more than one Plains archaeological complex, some are limited to the Dismal River aspect, suggesting the possibility of close ties between the Dismal River and Promontory peoples. Steward noted that a few traits (hoop and dart game, hand game boneS, side notched projectile points, end scrapers) represented in the Promontory culture were also found in the Plains. Hill and Metcalf (1941: 188, 197) pointed out that tubular steatite pipes and blunt bone “punches” or “flakers” occurred in both Promontory and Dismal River. This paper enumerates still other resemblances.
ChemInform Abstract: Filipin III: Configuration Assignment and Confirmation by Synthetic Correlation.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Research on the Optimal Disc Cutter Spacing for Rock-Breaking Based on ANSYS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Objective: To study the influence of disc cutter spacing on rock fragmentation efficiency and optimize cutter layout and improve the efficiency of disc cutter. Method: ANSYS, a finite element software was used to simulate double disc cutter cutting process. Result: Find a good corresponding relationship between penetration and cutter spacing. At the process of sandstone, if disc cutter spacing as 54 ~ 55 mm, rock crushing as the largest and rock fragmentation efficiency is the highest; with the penetration of 10 mm. If disc cutter spacing as 66~68.5mm, rock crushing as the largest and rock fragmentation efficiency is the highest with the penetration of 15 mm. Changing the cutter spacing and penetration, rock stress and broken degree will also change. Conclusion: Double disc cutters change within the range of best cutter spacing, cutter spacing is proportional to the rock crushing. If the cutter distance is greater than the best cutter spacing, the ledge will be appeared. For one type of rocks, the penetration would have some effects on the optimal cutter spacing. If the penetration increases, the optimal cutter spacing increases gradually, at the time of other construction parameters unchanged.
The Psychological Effects of Skin Color on African Americans' Self-Esteem

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Skin color distinction is a well-kept secret in African American communities. This paper analyzes the psychological effects of this phenomenon using the framework of symbolic inter-actionism and “interpersonal theory.” It suggests that the hue of one's skin tends to have a psychological effect on the self-esteem of African Americans, although that assertion is not borne out in the literature. Strategies are proposed for addressing skin color discrimination with persons with very dark skin.
Rôle potentiel du microARN miR-34c au cours de la spermatogenèse

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Activation of Smad signaling pathways downstream of TGF-beta superfamily ligands via receptor-mediated Smad phosphorylation is well understood, but little is known about the phosphatases that turn off Smad activity. Now in Cell, Feng and colleagues (Lin, X., et al. (2006) Cell 125 , 915-928) report their discovery that PPM1A acts as a Smad phosphatase to terminate TGF-beta signaling.
Investigation and analysis of antimicrobials used in our hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective:To learn about the use of antibiotics for the patients in the sixth hospital affiliated to SUN YATSEN University.Methods:Relevant analyzed on the antibacterial drugs using in our hospital were made in this paper 3 195 inpatients who had hospital during the period January to August in 2010 were sampled.Results:The rate of using antimicrobials was 84.26%.Unreasonable using of anti-bacterial durgs was 61 cases.Cephalosporins ranked first in using frequency (42.74%).Followed by fluroquinlones (16.58%).Conclusion:The use of antibacterials is bacterial rational,but a few use of antibacterials unreasonable.
Colouring markets: The industrial transformation of the dyestuff business revisited

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using British and German price and trade data, the development of European dye markets in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is analysed. Traditionally, the markets were divided into a commercially important segment of premium dyes and a low-cost segment for mass consumption. The rise of industrially produced dyes came later and was more long-drawn-out than commonly assumed. Initially premium dyes did not enter the mass market before the 1880s, and even then no cost advantage over main natural dyes was achieved. Instead, newly created path dependencies and superior business organisation seem to have been the key to their success.
A reconfigurable digital polar transmitter with open-loop phase modulation for Sub-GHz applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A reconfigurable digital polar transmitter (TX) for Sub-GHz applications is presented. Open-loop phase modulator with high resolution phase interpolator (PI) provides high bandwidth modulation in phase path. The interpolation filters are integrated to push away and suppress spectral aliases. The transmitter has been implemented in 65-nm CMOS. The RF/analog/digital co-simulation shows that the transmitter achieves −31 dB EVM without predistortion and a high spectral purity of −39/49 dBc ACLR1/ACLR2 at 10/20 MHz frequency offset for 8 MHz DQPSK. The strongest spectral alias is suppressed below −45 dBr at 288 MHz offset without RF filtering, fulfilling 802.11ah specification.
Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein G476S mutation on the interaction with human ACE-2 receptor and neutralizing antibodies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The G476S mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein occurs in the receptor binding domain (RBD), the region that binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE-2) receptor and also the main target for neutralizing antibodies. The 476S variant was first reported in the USA. Emerging evidence show that the 476S variant resists neutralization by antibodies such as S2E12 and CC6.29. The impact of the mutation on the interactions with hACE-2 receptor and the dynamics of the S-protein, has not been not fully explored. Here, we provide insights into the structure dynamics of the 476S variant and investigate the impact of the mutation on interactions with hACE-2 and selected neutralizing antibodies. We report that the mutation induces a destabilization effect in the RBD and an increased flexibility for most of the receptor binding residues. The mutation, however, does not affect the interactions with the hACE-2 receptor. Both Gly-476 and Ser-476, although located within the hACE-2 interacting residue hotspot, do not contribute to the stabilization of the RBD-hACE-2 complex. Our findings suggest that both H014 and P2P-2F6 antibodies neutralize the 476G and 476S S-proteins with similar efficacy.
IMPLEMENTATION OF LAND TITLE CERTIFICATE REVOCATION AS A FOLLOW-UP TO COURT DECISIONS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Land Title Certificate constitutes a legal instrument in the field of land administration, issued by the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning as the formal outcome of land registration processes. While the issuance of a Land Title Certificate provides legal certainty to the holder, it does not completely preclude the emergence of future disputes. One such case involved a Request for the Revocation of Ownership Certificate No. 01/Kel. Taman, which was grounded in Madiun District Court Decision No. 30/Pdt.G/2020/PN.Mad, a ruling that had obtained permanent legal force. The revocation request was subsequently submitted to the Madiun City Land Office for further action. The procedure implemented by the Madiun City Land Office adhered to the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency No. 21 of 2020 concerning the Handling and Resolution of Land Cases. This research adopts a normative juridical approach with a statutory perspective to examine two core issues: the legal framework governing the revocation of land rights and the implementation of the Madiun District Court’s final and binding decision. The results demonstrate that the legal basis for revoking land title certificates is stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency No. 21 of 2020 on the Handling and Resolution of Land Cases.
Efficient Computation of Resonant Frequency of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna using a Neural Network Model with Two Stage Training

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) with two stage training have been proposed for efficient computation of resonant frequency of rectangular microstrip antenna. In the proposed approach in first stage the ANN model trained with empirical relation of resonant frequency with structural and substrate parameters of antenna then in second stage the model has been trained with the actual experimental data. The proposed approach has been validated using experimental published data and compared with results of other models published in different research papers. The result shows that the proposed approach is more accurate than the models developed using experimental data only. The results of the two stage training are in very good agreement with the measurements, and better accuracy than other ANN models developed using experimental data only.
Place to be Together:

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article describes our transmethodological practice and the affective space of making and making sense of visual research in community. We purposefully embrace complexity and richness in visual data analysis, rather than seeking to reductively avoid doubt and uncertainty. To do this, we bring multiple ways of seeing together into a collaborative, poly-vocal construction. Our ‘studio’ is designed to be a safe space for risk and creativity. We are at different levels of experience and confidence, but we all learn from each other. Seeing collaboratively depends on translating our ways of reading visual material “out of our heads” and “into our shared space.” In the sense that we love what we are doing, we revel at opening ourselves to new possibilities. In-Progress: Victoria Restler Narrates a Collaborative Seeing Studio Session. Wendy Luttrell leads us into collaging as both metaphor and tools of Collaborative Seeing. We end with a brief reflection.
Role of Protein Kinase C During Listeria monocytogenes Infection

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is the facultative intracellular bacterium responsible for the deadly foodborne illness listeriosis. Using an intracellular lifecycle, Lm effectively evades extracellular immune responses. Lm virulence factors including the secreted pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) and phospholipases C mediate escape from the phagosome. Protein Kinase C (PKC) enzymes, which regulate cell signaling through phosphorylation, are activated during Lm infection. Conventional PKCs (cPKCs), a subfamily of PKCs, are activated by calcium (Ca2+), diacylglycerol, and phosphatidylserine. Our lab has previously shown that cPKCs are activated by extracellular Ca2+ influx following LLO-mediated plasma membrane perforation in HepG2 epithelial cells, promoting Lm internalization into epithelial cells. The goal of this work was to develop experimental tools to study the role of cPKC in Lm phagosomal escape in epithelial cells and macrophages. To monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of cPKC translocation and activation by live cell imaging, we engineered cell lines stably expressing a fluorescent chimera of the conventional PKCα and cell lines expressing a C kinase activity reporter which uses fluorescence resonance energy transfer. We constructed lentiviral vectors using plasmid cloning techniques, generated and isolated lentiviruses, and transduced human HeLa epithelial cells and THP-1 monocytes. Antibiotic selection was used to select cells stably expressing each construct. We also validated the use of lentiviral vectors in differentiated murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages (BMDMs) prior to Lm infection. For fluorescence imaging of Lm phagosomal escape, we developed wild type and isogenic Lm mutant strains with constitutive expression of a red fluorescent protein and phagocytic assays in BMDMs and THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages. These cell lines and fluorescent Lm strains will be useful in studying cPKC during the intracellular Lm lifecycle in epithelial cells and macrophages. All tools required for establishing the role of cPKC were successfully generated and I am currently performing invasion assays using cPKC inhibitors. Future directions include conducting infection assays in the presence or absence of cPKC inhibitors, and wild type and isogenic Lm mutants defective in LLO and/or phospholipases C to determine the role of cPKCs. Understanding the role of cPKC in host cell infection by Lm is expected to facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions to alleviate the burden of listeriosis.
Interaction Behaviors of Fibrinopeptide-A and Graphene with Different Functional Groups: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approach

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Graphene as a 2-dimentional material has been widely used in the field of biomedical applications. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations are carried out on the fibrinopeptide-A and graphene surfaces with N and O modifications. A new set of parameters for the CHARMM force field are developed to describe the behaviors of the surfaces. Our results indicate that the existence of most oxygen and nitrogen groups may enhance the interaction between the surfaces and the peptide, whereas the substitutional nitrogen on the graphene surface does not make a big difference. The improvement of interaction is not only because of the functional group on the surface, but also the defective morphology. The defective morphology also clears away the surface water layer. Our results suggest that the interactions between graphene biomolecules can be affected by functionalizing the surface with different types of functional groups, which is in accordance with the theory of material design.
In vivo analysis of synaptic degeneration with Aβ plaque and NFT accumulation in cognitive decline

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background [ 11 C]UCB‐J selectively binds to synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) and may be used to measure synaptic density in synaptopathies. Along with the accumulation of amyloid‐b plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles, neurodegeneration is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. Synaptic density may be decreased due to AD pathology, resulting in cognitive dysfunction. We examined whether synaptic density was related to the accumulation of protein aggregates characteristic of AD as well as cognitive function. Method Thirty subjects (68.6±6.2 years old, 20F/10M) recruited from the Wisconsin ADRC and the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention study underwent [ 11 C]UCB‐J dynamic PET imaging to assess synaptic density, T1w‐MR imaging, and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Twenty‐four participants also completed [ 11 C]PiB dynamic imaging to assess amyloid‐b plaque accumulation and [ 18 F]MK‐6240 dynamic imaging to assess neurofibrillary tangle accumulation. T1w‐MRI was used to derive subject‐specific regions of interest (ROIs) as well as to calculate the matrices required to transform images into MNI152 space. Global amyloid burden was ascertained by taking the mean PiB DVR across eight bilateral AAL‐based ROIs. Neurofibrillary tau tangle accumulation in the entorhinal cortex was quantified using the [ 18 F]MK‐6240 SUV ratio. Subject‐specific hippocampus ROIs for [ 11 C]UCB‐J analysis were defined using FreeSurfer (v7) segmentation of the participant’s MR image. Result Using data from the n=24 subjects, [ 11 C]UCB‐J binding in the hippocampus was significantly associated with [ 11 C]PiB global DVR (R 2 = 0.24, P = 0.01) and [ 18 F]MK‐6240 uptake in the entorhinal cortex (R 2 = 0.17, P = 0.04). After correcting for hippocampus volume size, significance decreased for both measures (R 2 = 0.28, P = 0.05 for [ 11 C]PiB global DVR; R 2 = 0.17, P = 0.05 for [ 18 F]MK‐6240 entorhinal cortex SUVR). [ 11 C]UCB‐J binding in the hippocampus was not significantly related to RAVLT immediate recall (R 2 = 0.52, P = 0.08) but was significantly associated with RAVLT delayed recall (R 2 = 0.55, P = 0.04). Conclusion Findings suggest that synaptic impairment is related to amyloid‐b and neurofibrillary tau tangle accumulation as well as worse performance on RAVLT delayed recall. Future work will test the longitudinal relationship between accumulation of AD pathology, synapse loss, and cognitive decline.
Real-time recognition and tracking of texture-less objects

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recognition of texture-less objects is one of the most challenging problems in the eld of object detection. This stems from the scarcity of resonant information, which impedes the formation of robust features for its description. Furthermore, as recent demands in mobile technologies have limited computational resources, it is imperative to design modern detectors that are fast, compact and robust to stay relevant. Therefore, this thesis proposes a framework to tackle these issues. To establish a strong foundation for texture-less recognition, we rst introduce BORDER (Bounding Oriented-Rectangle Descriptors for Enclosed Regions). Essentially a keypoint-descriptor based algorithm, it features a highly repeatable occlusion resistant interest-point detector termed Linelets, coupled with a regional object encompassing oriented rectangle rotation scheme that is capable of attaining state-of-the-art detection rates in texture-less object recognition. Next, we take a step closer towards robust real-time texture-less detection with the introduction of BIND (Binary Integrated Net Descriptor), where lightweight binary nets are stacked in layers onto detected linelets to encourage discriminative object description through its high-spatial resolution, and unique binary matching scheme. This enables highly precise encoding of the object's edges and internal homogeneous information to attain even higher detection rates at a fraction of the cost in speed and memory space when compared to BORDER. The last hurdle towards real-time detection involves geometric veri cation, whereby keypoint matches are ltered to obtain their inliers. As widely used algorithms are highly iterative (i.e. RANSAC, Hough Transform), they are mostly too expensive for real-time applications. Therefore, we propose an approach coined F-SORT (Fast Sequence Order Re-sorting Technique), where matches are sorted into local sequence groups for geometric validation along di erent orientations to enable a signi cant reduction in computational cost, while inciting robust outlier rejection. Finally, we fuse the entire framework in a mobile application for detecting and tracking texture-less objects in real-time.
Shoreline Ecology Program for Prince William Sound, Alaska, Following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: Part 3—Biology

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study describes the biological results of a comprehensive shoreline ecology program designed to assess ecological recovery in Prince William Sound following the Exxon Valdez oil spill on March 24, 1989. The program is an application of the “Sediment Quality Triad” approach, combining chemical, toxicological, and biological measurements. The study was designed so that results could be extrapolated to the entire spill zone in Prince William Sound. The spill affected four major shoreline habitat types in Prince William Sound: pebble/gravel, boulder/cobble, sheltered bedrock, and exposed bedrock. The study design had two components: (1) one-time stratified random sampling at 64 sites representing four habitats and four oiling levels (including unoiled reference sites) and (2) periodic sampling at 12 nonrandomly chosen sites that included some of the most heavily oiled locations in the sound. Biological communities on rock surfaces and in intertidal and shallow subtidal sediments were analyzed for differences resulting from to oiling in each of 16 habitat/tide zone combinations. Statistical methods included univariate analyses of individual species abundances and community parameter variables (total abundance, species richness, and Shannon diversity), and multivariate correspondence analysis of community structure. The communities of animals and plants inhabiting the bedrock and coarse sediments on Prince William Sound's shorelines responded much differently to oiling than communities in soft-sediment environments that were the subject of a majority of shoreline studies conducted after other oil spills. Sedimentary environments in Prince William Sound did not become anaerobic but showed evidence of increased biological activity as the oil residue became a source of organic carbon—without the usual succession of opportunistic invaders. Similarly, some bedrock sites showed increases in abundance, species richness, and diversity, as the spaces created by oiling were recolonized. This was to be expected in a high-energy environment dominated by “patch dynamics”; the rock surfaces and sediments support a mosaic of species that are adapted to rapidly colonize new spaces created by wave action and other physical factors. Two measures of ecological shoreline recovery are reported: an upper-limit estimate based on univariate analysis of community parameters and a lower-limit estimate based on multivariate correspondence analysis of community structure. Overall, the results indicate that between 73% and 91% of the oiled shoreline in Prince William Sound was ecologically recovered (i.e., it was indistinguishable from reference) in the summer of 1990. These results reflect rapid recovery of the biological communities and are consistent with chemical and toxicological studies (this volume), which found that hydrocarbon-related toxicity was virtually absent in the shoreline sediments by 1990–1991.