jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Secretory Antibodies to Intestinal Mucosal Immunity against Helicobacter pylori

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The natural immune response to Helicobacter pylori neither clears infection nor prevents reinfection. However, the ability of secretory antibodies to influence the course of H. pylori infection has not been determined. We compared the natural progression of H. pylori infection in wild-type C57BL/6 mice with that in mice lacking the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) that is essential for the secretion of polymeric antibody across mucosal surfaces. H. pylori SS1-infected wild-type and pIgR knockout (KO) mice were sampled longitudinally for gastrointestinal bacterial load, antibody response, and histological changes. The gastric bacterial loads of wild-type and pIgR KO mice remained constant and comparable at up to 3 months postinfection (mpi) despite SS1-reactive secretory IgA in the intestinal contents of wild-type mice at that time. Conversely, abundant duodenal colonization of pIgR KO animals contrasted with the near-total eradication of H. pylori from the intestine of wild-type animals by 3 mpi. H. pylori was cultured only from the duodenum of those animals in which colonization in the distal gastric antrum was of sufficient density for immunohistological detection. By 6 mpi, the gastric load of H. pylori in wild-type mice was significantly lower than in pIgR KO animals. While there was no corresponding difference between the two mouse strains in gastric pathology results at 6 mpi, reductions in gastric bacterial load correlated with increased gastric inflammation together with an intestinal secretory antibody response in wild-type mice. Together, these results suggest that naturally produced secretory antibodies can modulate the progress of H. pylori infection, particularly in the duodenum.
Online and Traditional Lectures: Evaluating Effects of Social Presence and Learner Control

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Online courses are rapidly replacing traditional, face-to-face lectures in American \nuniversities (Allen & Seaman, 2011). As technology improves, this trend will likely \ncontinue and accelerate. Researchers must evaluate the impact of online courses \ncompared to their traditional counterparts. This two-part study quantifies the effect of \ntwo variables – social presence and learner control – on students’ recall, application and \nperceived learning levels in different lecture formats. Students in introductory courses at \na four-year, public, American university were randomly assigned into three groups to \nview distinct lecture formats, one in a traditional classroom and two via the \nInternet. Upon viewing the single lecture, the students were asked to fill out a test and \nsurvey to quantify teacher immediacy, recall and application, and perceived learning \nlevels across lecture formats. The study found that different levels of social presence and \nlearner control affected students’ perceived learning levels but did not impact recall or \napplication.
Cognitive Status After Hip Replacement

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

AbstractRehabilitation following hip replacement and hip fracture is influenced by cognitive status of the person. Because clinical experience and the literature suggests this, the purpose of this literature review is to (1) examine how cognitive status affects recovery of functional performance following hip replacement, (2) suggest evaluation instruments to measure cognition that are useful in a clinical setting, and (3) describe intervention that is typically used to promote functional performance and how it is influenced by cognitive status.KEYWORDS: Older personselderlyevaluationclinicaloccupational therapy Additional informationNotes on contributorsXiaorong WangJennifer R. Johnson was a graduate student in the School of Occupational Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Houston, TX at the time of this study. She is currently employed as an Occupational Therapist at Touro Infirmary in New Orleans, LADebra Stewart is Lecturer, School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University and staff therapist at Erinoak Centre, Missis-sauga, Ontario. She is currently completing a MSc (Design, Measurement and Evaluation) at McMaster University.Ronald L. Mace (deceased, June 29, 1998) was also affiliated with The Center for Universal Design, School of Design, North Carolina University.Lois Rosage and Geraldine Shaw are Occupational Therapist Consultants who provide evaluations for the housing programs at the Philadelphia Corporation for Aging.Lois Rosage and Geraldine Shaw are Occupational Therapist Consultants who provide evaluations for the housing programs at the Philadelphia Corporation for Aging.Debbie Rand is Occupational Therapist, Beit Rivka Geriatric Rehabilitation Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel. She completed this study in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree in Occupational Therapy, School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Her mailing address is 50 Heh B'Eyar Street, Apartment 5, Rosh Ha'Ayin, Israel, 48056.Maureen McKenna is a Licensed Physical Therapist and Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California. Her Current position is: Assistant Professor of Physical Therapy, Wheeling Jesuit University, 316 Washington Avenue, Wheeling, WV 26003.Heather Lambert was funded in part by a Health Canada NHRDP Fellowship, a REPAR Fellowship, a doctoral bursary from the Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Quebec, and a Canadian Occupational Therapy Foundation-Royal Canadian Legion Fellowship in Gerontology.Trish Wielandt was supported by a University of Queensland Postgraduate Research Scholarship (UQPRS).Dr. Leigh Tooth was supported by a NHMRC Fellowship (#997032) while some of this research was undertaken.J. D. "Herb" Herbert is Occupational Therapist, Rocky Mountain Menders LLC, 363 Pioneer Road, Lyons, CO 80540. At the time of this study, he was a graduate student, Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
Presynaptic Actions of General Anesthetics

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Early in the 20th century, Sowton and Sherrington identified the synapse as a likely target of general anesthetic action (1). Brooks and Eccles (2) and Bremer and Bonnet (3) later demonstrated depression of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS), by concentrations of general anesthetics that did not affect axonal conduction. Larrabee and Pasternak (4) showed that impulse conduction in myelinated and unmyelinated axons of the autonomic nervous system was resistant to a variety of intravenous and volatile anesthetics, whereas excitatory synaptic transmission was significantly suppressed. This important paper firmly established the synapse as a major site of action of general anesthetics.
BACTERIAL ISOLATES OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION AND THEIR CURRENTSENSITIVITY PATTERN AMONG PATIENTS ADMITTED IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background & Objectives: This study was aimed to observe the susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from respiratory tract infection (RTI). Respiratory tract infection is considered as one of the major public health problems and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many developing countries. Respiratory tract is the part of the human system that plays a vital role in breathing processes. In human, the respiratory system can be subdivided into an Upper respiratory tract and a Lower respiratory tract based on anatomical features. The respiratory tract is constantly exposed to microbes due to the extensive surface area. Methods: The present study was conducted retrospectively for a period of one year November 2021 to October 2022. All respiratory specimens included Sputum, BAL, throat swab; endotracheal aspirate specimens were collected aseptically from patients and cultured on the appropriate bacteriological media (Blood agar, MacConkey agar & Chocolate Agar). Bacterial isolates were identified by biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility performed by standard methods as per CLSI 2022. Results: 152 (72.3%) of total 210 samples were positive for bacterial culture. 126 (82.8%) were gram negative bacilli (GNB) and 26 (17.1%) were gram positive cocci (GPC). The predominant pathogen isolated was K. pneumoniae 46 (30.2%) followed by Escherichia coli 28 (18.4%).The overall susceptibility of GNB was highest towards Imipenem, Meropenem followed by Piperacillin tazobactam and Amikacin. Gram positive organisms exhibited highest susceptibility towards Vancomycin and Linezolid. Conclusion: Imipenem is the most sensitive antibiotic followed by Piperacillin tazobactam and Amikacin which can be used for empirical therapy for respiratory tract infections (RTI). The antibiotic therapy should be modified as per the culture and sensitivity report. Regular determinations of the type of bacterial pathogens and updation of antibiogram must be followed in every institution to aid in better patient management by helping the clinician in the judicious use of antibiotics.
Pilot Study on the Use of Untargeted Metabolomic Fingerprinting of Liquid-Cytology Fluids as a Diagnostic Tool of Malignancy for Thyroid Nodules

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although it is the gold standard for assessing the malignancy of thyroid nodules (TNs) preoperatively, the cytological analysis of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples results in 20–30% of cases in indeterminate lesions (ITNs). As two-thirds of these lesions will appear benign after diagnostic surgery, improved preoperative diagnostic methods need to be developed. In this pilot study, we evaluate if the metabolomic profiles of liquid-based (CytoRich®) FNAC samples of benign and malignant nodules can allow the molecular diagnosis of TNs. We performed untargeted metabolomic analyses with CytoRich® FNAC in a monocentric retrospective study. The cohort was composed of cytologically benign TNs, histologically benign or papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) cytologically ITNs, and suspicious/malignant TNs histologically confirmed as PTCs. The diagnostic performance of the identified metabolomic signature was assessed using several supervised classification methods. Seventy-eight patients were enrolled in the study. We identified 7690 peaks, of which 2697 ions were included for further analysis. We selected a metabolomic signature composed of the top 15 metabolites. Among all the supervised classification methods, the supervised autoencoder deep neural network exhibited the best performance, with an accuracy of 0.957 (0.842–1), an AUC of 0.945 (0.833–1), and an F1 score of 0.947 (0.842–1). Here, we report a promising new ancillary molecular technique to differentiate PTCs from benign TNs (including among ITNs) based on the metabolomic signature of FNAC sample fluids. Further studies with larger cohorts are now needed to identify a larger number of biomarkers and obtain more robust signatures.
Use of laser and optical diagnostic techniques on paper: The Pomelnic from Sucevita Monastery (Romania)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the recent Culture 2000 workshop taking place at the Sucevita monastery in Eastern Romania, a group of conservation and research experts was entrusted a document from the monastery's rich collection - to examine its material properties, state of preservation, and eventually to propose a suitable conservation strategy The document, Pomelnic, showed signs of extensive use. Its age was unknown. Signs of past reparation treatments were obvious: several layers of paper were glued under the particularly damaged areas and the whole document was supported by a piece of cardboard. Microscopic investigation and especially fluorescence imaging showed evidence of fungal activity. Inks were examined using colourimetry and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The latter technique indicated the presence of iron in the ink; however, the quantity was estimated to be low, so that the ink can probably not be classified as iron-gall ink. Microdestructive measurements of pH have shown that the paper is acidic (pH 3.6), based on this fact, we can model the remaining lifetime of the paper material. Additionally, the support and the papers used for lining were also acidic (3.4 and 5.4, respectively). The mode of production and historical evidence indicate that the document was probably produced between 1850 and 1875.
Effect of water stress on the behavior of six durum wheat genotypes in a semi-arid region of western Algeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Six genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) were investigated under different watering regimes. Phenological and morphological parameters as well as some yield components were monitored. The results showed that: (1) the water deficit significantly affects the height of the plants, the length and the weight of the spikes. (2) Irrigation has a significant effect on all of the yield components. Doses of 39mm at tillering, 60mm at stem elongation and 30mm at heading stage achieved the best yields. (3) Earliness at heading and at maturity is an important factor in determining the adaptation to water stress and in obtaining a good yield. (4) Under favorable irrigation conditions precocious and semi-precocious selected varieties have been shown to be more productive and even adapted to the water stress of the region. (5) The productivity of the durum wheat crop is imperatively based on the choice of a tolerant genotype to the conditions of the region on the one hand and on the use of supplementary irrigation on the other hand, especially at the vegetative stage where the yield component is the most determining, in our case it seems to be the populating spike carried out at the booting stage.
Taoist Sculptures in the Northern Qi Dynasty Exploring locality through analysis of the inscriptions and motifs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본고는 <天統元年(565) 姜纂造老君像碑>, <武平7年(576) 孟阿妃造老君像碑>, <무평9년(578) 馬 天祥等八人造像記>, 명확한 연대를 알 수 없는 <道民大都宮主馬寄造像碑> 등 4건의 북제 도교 조상에 대한 분석을 통해 이 시기 도교 조상의 특징을 살펴본 것이다. 분석은 문자기록인 명문, 그리고 조상의 제재 등 두 방면에서 진행했다. 남북조시대 도교 조상은 대부분 섬서 일대에 집중적으로 분포한다. 그러므로 북위 멸망 이후 도교 조상은 대부분 서위 ・ 북주 영역 안에서만 조성된 것으로 알려졌다. 게다가 북제에서는 文宣帝의도교 탄압이 이루어졌기 때문에 북제의 도교는 절멸된 것으로 알려졌다. 그러나 현존하는 유물을 통해 비록 소량이지만 북제 후기 낙양을 중심으로 도교 조상이 제작되었음을 알 수 있다. 먼저 명문에 나타난 불교적 어휘에 대한 분석을 통해 낙양 일대의 불교관념을 그대로 반영하고있는 도교 조상의 존재를 확인했다. 그리고 3건의 섬서지역 도교 조상 명문과의 비교 분석을 통해 북제 도교 조상이 북위 구겸지에 의해 창안된 北天師道의 전통 속에서 제작되었음을 살펴보았다. 현존하는 북제 도교 조상이 대부분 낙양 일대에 분포하는 것은 바로 구겸지의 중심적인 활동 지역이 숭악을 중심으로 하는 낙양이었던 점과 통하는 것이라 하겠다. 북제 도교 조상은 존상이 도교인물이라는 점을 제외하면 제재 등에서 당시 낙양을 중심으로 하는 하남지역 불교 조상과 크게 다르지 않다. 특히 북위 말기 도성 낙양을 중심으로 유행하기 시작해동위 ・ 북제시기 불교미술에서 크게 유행한 雙樹文 형식이 출현하고 있는 반면, 섬서지역 도교 조상에서 유행하는 일월 등은 출현하지 않는다. 이런 점에서 볼 때, 북제 도교 조상은 관중지역 도교 조상들과 다르며, 낙양지역 불교 조상과 강한 친연성을 가지고 있다. 결론적으로, 북제의 도교 조상은 섬서 지역의 도교 조상과 차이가 크며, 북위 구겸지 이래 낙양의 도교 신앙, 그리고 북위 낙양의 불교 신앙 및 예술 전통 속에서 제작되었다고 할 수 있다.
Application of green fluorescent protein labeling in the study of stem cells transplantation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To explore the progress of application of fluorescent protein GFP in the study of stem cells transplantation. DATA SOURCES The related articles between January 1990 and December 2005 were retrieved from Medline by using the key word green fluorescent protein stem cells labeling in English and from China National Knowledge Infrastructure CNKI Chongqing VIP Chinese Database and Wanfang Database with the same key words as above but in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION The retrieved articles along with their cited articles were screened. Included criterion articles related to the application of GFP in the study of stem cells transplantation. Excluded criterion some repetitive studies review or articles lacking of randomized controlled trial. DATA EXTRACTION Totally 123 articles were retrieved of which 27 articles were included and 9 6 articles were excluded either because they were repeated experiments or they were too dated. Of the 27 included articles 7 were related to the molecular structure and function of fluorescent protein 17 related to the application of GFP in the study of stem cells transplantation and 3 were about the side effects of GFP in cell labeling. DATA SYNTHESIS The advantages of fluorescent protein GFP includes ①Be monitored conveniently without additional substrate adding ②The molecular weight of GFP is relative low and thus cause little influence on the interested genes when fused with them ③Having little or no effect on the labeled cellular function ④The expression of GFP is stable and can endure chemical and physical treatment. Due to the mentioned advantages GFP is widely used in the research of stem cell transplantation. The most often used manners of stem cell by GFP include transfection by plasmid transfection by virus vector and GFP transgenic animals. When combine with quantitative polymerase chain reaction laser scanning confocal microscope fluorescent activated cell sorting and laser capture microdissection GFP were widely used in many fields of stem cell transplantation such as to trace the distribution of transplanted stem cell to analyze the amount of transplanted stem cell in recipient tissues and to analyze the differentiation of transplanted stem cell etc. CONCLUSION Due to its advantages of being examined conveniently continuous expression and not affecting the function of labeled stem cells GFP is widely used to trace the distribution differentiation and amount of transplanted stem cell in recipient tissues. But the side effects of GFP mentioned in related articles suggest that work still needs to be done to improve the performance of GFP.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1987

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The trial was conducted on 24 Apr near Cook Station, Mo., on a 1-yr-old stand of alfalfa. Plots were 20 × 40 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The alfalfa was 15 inches tall at time of treatment. Temperature was 77°F, skies were cloudy, and winds were 0-3 mph. Sprays were applied with a 20-ft spray boom, 8002 flat-fan nozzles, and 50-mesh screens. Sprays were applied at 16.5 gal/acre and 20 psi. Measurable precipitation fell on 5 of the 28 days following treatment. Evaluations were conducted at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days posttreatment by taking 10 180-degree sweeps with a 15-inch-diam sweep net. The data were transformed by × + 0.5 for analytical purposes, but actual means are presented in the table.
Assistance to pupils with physical disabilities in regular schools: promoting inclusion or creating dependency?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Drawing on the perspectives of pupils with physical disabilities, their parents and teachers, this study explored the adult support provided to pupils with physical disabilities in regular schools. Data were collected through observations at schools and qualitative interviews. In all, 49 individuals participated in this study: 14 pupils with physical disabilities, 17 parents, and 18 teachers. Six themes emerged that characterised the provision of assistance: (1) roles and responsibilities; (2) quantity and content of support (3) proximity to the pupil, (4) school priorities, (5) independence and autonomy of the child; and (6) the relationship between the teacher and the assistant. An over‐reliance on adult support was found for some pupils and contexts, while this support appeared to be under‐utilised or ineffectively delivered in other situations. Lack of modifications of the traditional curriculum, teacher instructions, and educational activities increased the pupils' need for adult support in school. While it is acknowledged that teacher assistants can make valuable contributions in promoting participation and learning among pupils with disabilities, it is argued that the constant presence of an assistant can result in limited use of the children's strengths and may possibly create unnecessary or unhealthy dependencies. The findings signify that the education system must align with important stakeholders – the pupils, their parents, and external support services – to identify alternative ways to promote participation and learning of pupils with disabilities in regular schools.
Modern research in Tuva: new approaches to solving traditional problems of ethnic anthropology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction. This paper discusses the results of the analysis of intra- and inter-population variability in spatial and temporal aspects among the indigenous population of the Republic of Tuva, who have preserved to a certain extent the traditional way of life. Materials and methods. The material for the article is the results of complex anthropological expeditions of the Anuchin Research Institute and the Museum of Anthropology to the Republic of Tuva, implemented in the period from 2016 to 2022 in cooperation with Tuva State University and the Medical Genetic Research Center. Results and discussion. According to the results of the conducted research, the existing ideas about the structure of intergroup variability of related Altai-Sayan peoples (Tuvans, Tuvans-Todzhins, Tsaatans, Altaians) have been expanded, the anthropological and genetic community of Tsaatans and the indigenous population of Tuva has been confirmed. Also, for the population of the republic over the past 40 years, the detected maladaptive changes caused by socio-cultural changes and violation of the traditional way of life have been described for the first time. Among other things, a significant (2.5-3 years) acceleration of ontogenesis in the younger generation was shown in both urban and rural conditions, an increase in total body size (secular trend), acceleration of puberty, changes in body composition, which confirms a violation of adaptation in the populations of the indigenous Tuvan population. Based on the latest data obtained, data on changes in the structure of intra-population variability and manifestations of the secular trend in most regions of the Republic have been confirmed and supplemented. Conclusion. The further task of anthropological research of an ethnogenetic orientation is to assess as many aspects as possible that fall under the influence of the described factors, both in Tuvan and in other groups. © 2024. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license