jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Zn Induced Layer Disordering in GaInP/AlInP Visible Multi-Quantum Well Distributed Bragg Reflector Laser Diode

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Investigation of the impurity-induced layer disordering of GaInP (2 monolayers)/AlInP (2 monolayers) superlattice and multi-quantum-well (MQW) active layer in GaInP/AlInP quantum-well distributed Bragg reflector laser diode and its effect on the band gap was performed using transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The GaInP/AlInP superlattice and MQW active layers were completely disordered by Zn diffusion even at 650°C for 5 min. The band gap of active layer was increased by Δ E =155 meV after Zn diffusion. Segregation of Zn was also observed by SIMS analysis.
Christianity and Social Work: Readings on the Integration of Christian Faith and Social Work Practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Psalm 137:4 the writer asks, “How shall we sing the Lord's song in a strange land?” Christians in social work have been asking a similar question since the early days of the profession and especially in recent decades as pressing societal issues challenge the integration of their faith and social work practice. Not long ago an MSW student approached me after a class I taught. She was perplexed by what she experienced as challenging comments toward her Christian faith expressed by both students and the instructor in another course. The 5th edition of Christianity and Social Work continues the quest to address how a person like that student can be true to her or his faith while functioning effectively within the profession. As established professors at Christian universities, and contributors to the social work profession, editors (authors as well) T. Laine Scales and Michael Kelly are well positioned to facilitate the compilation of select submissions from luminaries in the field. This edition alone has 30 contributors, and 50 have been included since the first edition in 1998. Some might consider it a strength to have repeat authors; however, this tally suggests that a wider circle of contributors could have been included in the 18 years since the first edition. A strength of the book is its responsiveness to the requests of readers of previous editions. This sensitivity is evidenced in the inclusion of new chapters on “working with clients from the LGBT community, evidence-based practice, congregational social work, military social work, human trafficking, and spiritual assessment” (p. 2), all of which I have experience with through graduate social work research, pastoral ministry, and a residency in clinical pastoral education (also known as chaplaincy).
Chemical Constituents from the Roots of Ardisia punctata(I)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Seven compounds were isolated from Ardisia punctata Lindl..They were identified as 2-methyl-5-(Z-nonadec-14-enyl)resorcinol (1),2-methyl-5-nonylresorcinol (2),3-O-[6'-O-palmitoyl-β-D-glucosyl-]-spinasta-7,22(23)-diene(3a),3-O-[6'-O-palmitoyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl stigmasterol(3b),bergenin(4),11-O-(4'-O-methyl galloyl)-bergenin (5) and tetracosanoic acid (6) by chemical and spectroscopic methods.All the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time and compounds 2 and 6 were obtained from this genus for the first time.
Language Model Based Grammatical Error Correction without Annotated Training Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Since the end of the CoNLL-2014 shared task on grammatical error correction (GEC), research into language model (LM) based approaches to GEC has largely stagnated. In this paper, we re-examine LMs in GEC and show that it is entirely possible to build a simple system that not only requires minimal annotated data (∼1000 sentences), but is also fairly competitive with several state-of-the-art systems. This approach should be of particular interest for languages where very little annotated training data exists, although we also hope to use it as a baseline to motivate future research.
Proposed Photovoltaic Module Form Factor for Cells with Efficiencies Greater than 19%

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper discusses a novel photovoltaic (PV) module form factor designed for high efficiency (>19%) silicon solar cells and optimized for single-axis tracking projects. Our proposed 56-cell module utilizes a longer and narrower form factor with fewer cells per circuit to improve reliability and service lifetime when compared to existing 72 cell modules combined with high efficiency cells. In addition to reliability improvements, CH2M HILL, an engineering and construction firm, analyzed major PV project lifecycle costs, including module manufacturability, installation costs, financing costs, and levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Our studies conclude that the proposed form factor change could potentially reduce LCOE by: (1) reducing total installed costs for utility-scale projects; (2) improving module reliability; (3) reducing operating and maintenance (O&M) costs.
Defining the green to make environmental concerns heard in the EU? The legal consequences of the (unexpected) uses of the taxonomy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The European Union (EU) has recently adopted different legislative acts that classify economic activities as being environmentally sustainable or not. Implicitly, they aim at making visible elements that are deeply linked to intergenerational justice and future generations’ interests. They may contribute not only to relevant environmental policy-making, but also to unmute NGOs or interested citizens, as those actors may rely on environmental categories to hold public authorities or private companies to account in political and judicial arenas in a seemingly objective manner. A prominent example of such acts is Regulation 2020/852 establishing a taxonomy for sustainable investments. While the taxonomy has been understood as a market tool that would help ensuring that financial actors have trustworthy information, this chapter highlights that it serves to frame not only private actors’ decisions, but also, less expectedly, public authority’s rising (environmental) governance through spending, which increasingly dwells on the European taxonomy to allow future generations’ interests to be (allegedly) considered. This has a decisive impact on both the legitimacy and legal validity of using delegated acts to define the content of the taxonomy, considering that delegations must, under EU law, only cover non-essential aspects of an area. This chapter therefore argues that efforts to amplify future generations’ interests through taxonomies are, to some extent, being pursued at the cost of the greater democratic legitimacy that should have accompanied regulation through standard legislative acts.
The Need for Improvement of External Audit Reports of Banks (The Case of Banks in Albania Which Mainly Belong to EU Banks)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The financial crisis of 2008 highlighted weaknesses in risk management, control and governance of banks, auditing, and financial supervision. This led to increased consideration of the respective roles and interactions of banking supervisors with external and internal auditors, who are key contributors to market discipline. Auditors ensure that financial information is transparent and reliable while supervisors provide confidence in financial systems. On the other hand, auditors enable market players to make decisions based on this information and contribute to financial stability. In 2014, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision considered the interaction between supervisors and external auditors by enabling their relationships to improve the quality of banks' audits, financial statements, and effective supervision of the banking system. Since 2015, the Bank of Albania has adopted its regulatory framework almost fully compliant with these principles. This paper analyses the typology of issues identified in the external audit reports of the 10 largest banks in Albania for 2018 and needs for their improvement.
An Analysis of Protection and Renewal Strategies for Ancient Villages in Dongguan: The Case of Tangwei Ancient Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Traditional villages carry important memories of the development of China’s farming civilization and are an important part of our cultural heritage. Traditional villages have a profound historical and cultural heritage, and they are both an important carrier of regional culture and a necessary component of regional coordination. Research on the protection and renewal strategy of traditional villages is not only a key area of China’s cultural heritage research, but also an important part of exploring the organic integration of cultural heritage protection and urban-rural development. Under the policy background of centralized and contiguous protection of traditional villages, in view of the realistic environment of revitalization of traditional ancient villages, based on the theory of regeneration and development, the study explores the logical relationship between the protection and development of Dongguan’s traditional villages, puts forward the strategy of protection and regeneration of the ancient villages, and discusses the experience and problems of the practice of the protection and development of the villages, taking the Tangwei Ancient Town of Dongguan City, Guangdong Province as an example. This study has important theoretical and practical significance for the protection and development of Dongguan’s traditional ancient villages, and can provide reference for relevant decision-making and planning.
6512 Vitamin D deficiency among breast-feeding mothers and their infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence in low and middle-income countries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in overall health. Consequently, vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) or vitamin D deficiency (VDD) have been increasingly linked with a wide range of diseases such as rickets, osteomalacia, cardiovascular disease and cancer.1 Although breastfeeding mothers and their infants in low and middle-income countries are particularly vulnerable to VDD, the prevalence and impact of VDD have not been explored in these populations.2 3 This review aimed to investigate the prevalence of VDD amongst breastfeeding mothers and their infants in low and middle-income countries. In addition, the association of vitamin D status between these two groups was also explored.

Methods

Pre-defined search terms were utilised to carry out a systematic search of multiple databases, including Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL Plus, ASSIA and the Cochrane Library. Additionally, grey literature and the reference lists of included studies were also examined. Two independent reviewers screened the studies based on pre-determined selection criteria. Data was extracted and analysed, with prevalence data pooled into a meta-analysis. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results

Fourteen studies were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of VDI was 23% (95% CI 0.09–0.41) and 20% (95%CI 0.08–0.34) in breastfeeding mothers and their infants, respectively. Pooled VDD was 37% (95% CI 0.23–0.53) and 28% (95% CI 0.13–0.45) in breastfeeding mothers and their infants, respectively. Notably, there was an association between maternal and infant vitamin D status as the difference between the subgroups was statistically insignificant following the meta-analyses.

Conclusion

VDD is a widespread issue affecting both breastfeeding mothers and their breastfed infants on a global scale. Addressing maternal VDD through interventions could help combat the growing problem. Moreover, further research exploring vitamin status during pregnancy and gestation could provide valuable insight into the potential for early interventions to prevent VDD and mitigate its subsequent impacts.

References

Mason R, Sequeira V, Gordon-Thomson C. Vitamin D: the light side of sunshine. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011;65:986–993. Roth DE, Abrams SA, Aloia J, et al. Global prevalence and disease burden of vitamin D deficiency: a roadmap for action in low- and middle-income countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018;1430(1):44–79. Huey SL, Acharya N, Silver A, Sheni R, Yu EA, Peña-Rosas JP, Mehta S. Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Dec 8;12(12):CD012875.
Understanding, Identification, and Assessment A Psychosociocultural Perspective, Part 1

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

The clinical implications of research with battered women and their families are discussed using the holistic framework of nursing and anthropology. Moving beyond superficial answers to “Why do battered women stay?,” barriers to leaving that stem from the sociocultural roots of violence are examined. Understanding these obstacles and the characteristics of violent men is fundamental to sensitive interaction with abused women who frequently enter and leave health care systems with no direct attention given to their primary problem of abuse. Assessment techniques are suggested, and triage and comprehensive assessment protocols are presented to aid nurse practitioners and nurses in their response to this urgent public health problem.
A global GOME-2 monthly SIF dataset (2007-2018) with correction of temporal degradation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Monthly instrument degradation corrected 0.5 degree GOME-2 SIF datasets on a global scale from 2007 to 2018. The sun-induced fluorescence global product Joiner et al. (2017) is firstly uscaled to a monthly resolution using a APAR based algorithm by Hu et al. (2018). Then, the mothly GOME-2 SIF was corrected based on a pseudo-invariant method to eliminate the temporal degradation of GOME-2 satellite sensor. Files are organized in TIF format.
Assessment of Watershed Nutrient Loads and Effectiveness of Best Management Practices

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Several methods have been developed for use in estimating the water quality loads associated with urban and agricultural landuses and practices. These include the use of sophisticated computer models, typically based on using pollutant loading and runoff functions, regression equations, load export coefficients (LECs), and event mean concentrations (EMCs). This research has examined the feasibility of using a simple EMC approach with the Kentucky Nutrient Model (KYNM). The thesis includes an extensive literature review of EMCs and a synthesis of recommended values for a range of typical urban and agricultural landuses. The thesis also includes an extensive literature review of potential BMPs along with a summary of the typical removal efficiencies and costs associated with each type of BMP. The research also explored the potential to use the results from multiple applications of site specific BMP models like the Source Loading and Management Model (WinSLAMM) in the development of general functional relationships that could then be used to evaluate BMP performance on a more site-specific basis. The developed EMC table and the associated BMP performance curves should provide valuable tools for use in better managing nutrient loads for urban and agricultural watersheds.
The Lexical Shift in Japanese Sign Language (JSL) Toponyms: Accounting for the Preference of Complex over Simple Toponym Outputs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This work categorizes Japanese Sign Language (JSL) toponyms, or place names, and examines factors that potentially affect their structure. Exonyms, influenced by the source Japanese name, and endonyms, independent JSL names, contrast structurally in that exonyms tend to emerge as compounds while endonyms conform more closely to canonical monomorphemic JSL lexemes. Based on the contrast, one would expect the structurally more favorable, less marked, endonymic outputs to emerge as the norm; however, structurally inefficient exonymic forms do so. This study analyzes a collection of over 900 names from the 2009 Japan National Federation of the Deaf (JFD) National Toponym Sign Language Map to determine structural influences on JSL toponym outputs. A spreadsheet tracked morpheme counts and relationships between source name characters and their outputs to find categorical distributions. This study finds that JSL toponyms tend to disproportionally borrow Japanese morphemes associated with JSL character signs that map to the source characters. A character sign is a sign isomorphic in some respect to a Chinese-origin orthography. Favored indexation to such source morphemes demonstrates that source name familiarity can support the persistent spread of exonymic toponyms.
Cold stratification in winter is more than enough for seed dormancy-break of summer annuals in eastern North America: implications for climate change

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Germination of seeds of some summer annuals in Kentucky (eastern USA) in late-winter lead to the hypothesis that under present climate conditions the whole length of the winter cold stratification (CS) period is not required for dormancy-break of seeds of summer annuals with physiological dormancy (PD). We evaluated our data from germination phenology studies of 45 species (69 datasets) and buried-seed studies of 33 species (44 datasets). We determined time and temperature of germination after CS and percentage of the total number of hours of CS during winter (% of winter CS) seeds received prior to start of germination. In the phenology studies, mean temperature during the week of first germination for C3 and C4 species was 11.1 and 14.4°C, respectively, and % of winter CS was 80.8 and 87.4, respectively. In the buried-seed studies, % of CS for C3 and C4 species was 40.8 and 48.1, respectively, when they germinated to 25% at 20/10°C. For 32 of 33 species in the buried-seed studies, the minimum temperature at which seeds germinated decreased with increased CS; thus, seeds had Type 2 non-deep PD. The time of germination is controlled by a number of hours of CS, a decrease in minimum temperature at which seeds can germinate and a temperature increase in early spring. Seeds can germinate at relatively high temperatures as early as December and January, but they continue to be CS until spring. Temperature increases in eastern North America due to global warming are not likely to inhibit the germination of summer annuals with PD in spring.
Stiffness modeling for anthropomorphic robots

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the work modeling method of anthropomorphic platforms is presented. An elastostatic stiffness model is used to determine positioning errors in the robots lower limbs. One of the main problems in achieving a fast and stable gait are deflections caused by the flexibility in the elements of the robot. This problem was solved using virtual joint modeling to predict stiffness and deformation caused by the robot weight and external forces. To simulate a robot in the single-support phase, the robot is represented as a serial kinematic chain with a base at the supporting leg point of contact and an end effector in the swing leg foot. In the double support phase robot modeled as a parallel manipulator with an end effector in the pelvis. In this work, two cases of stiffness modeling are used: taking into account the compliance of the links and joints and taking into account only the compliance of joints. In the last case, joint compliances also include part of the link compliances. The joint stiffness parameters have been identified for two anthropomorphic robots: a small platform and a full-sized AR-601M. Deflections maps were calculated using identified stiffness parameters and showing errors depending on the position of the robot end effector in the workspace. The errors in Z directions have maximum amplitude, due to the influence of the robot mass on its structure.
Searching for the Historical Jesus: Examining the Work of John Dominic Crossan and Marcus J. Borg

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The movement broadly defined as the “New Quest for the Historical Jesus” represents one of the more important areas where academic scholarship has had a direct bearing on popular religion. Although many forces have been instrumental in this development, perhaps the most important has been the popularizing work of the Jesus Seminar, under the direction of Robert Funk. This essay examines two of the premier scholars associated with the Seminar, namely, John Dominic Crossan and Marcus J. Borg. It examines their methodologies and central christological claims, and gives special consideration to Borg's addition of a “theo-cosmic level” that distinguishes his work from Crossan's.
Vulvar Cancer with Cutaneous and Breast Metastases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vulvar cancer accounts for about 5% of cancer of female genitalia. It may initially present as benign symptoms resulting in potential delay in diagnosis. Few cases of distant metastases to skin or breast have been reported. We present the case of a 76-year-old female with possible delay in diagnosis of her squamous cell carcinoma of vulva. After 4 months of the diagnosis, she presented with concurrent cutaneous and breast metastases.
Comparing the Acute Effects of Intermittent and Continuous Whole-Body Vibration Exposure on Neuromuscular and Functional Measures in Sarcopenia and Nonsarcopenic Elderly Women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This investigation examined the acute effects of continuous whole-body vibration (CWBV) and intermittent whole-body vibration (IWBV) on neuromuscular and functional measures in women with sarcopenia and nonsarcopenic women. Continuous whole-body vibration was one 6-minute exposure, while IWBV consisted of six 60-second exposures to rest intervals (30 Hz, 2-4 mm amplitude). Factorial analyses revealed group × exposure × time interactions for jump height (JH; F = 10.8, P = .002), grip strength (GS; F = 15.5, P < .001), timed up and go test (F = 11.7, P = .002), and sit and reach test (S&R; F = 9.7, P = .004). Both JH and GS significantly improved post-WBV in women with sarcopenia ( P < .001), with post-IWBV significantly greater ( P < .001) than post-CWBV. Timed up and go test and S&R significantly improved post-IWBV in both the groups ( P < .001) with post-IWBV significantly better than post-CWBV ( P < .001). Bench press power at 20% one repetition maximum (1RM) revealed an exposure × time interaction (F = 4.6, P = .04) illuminating that IWBV significantly improved muscular power ( P < .001). Bench press power at 40% 1RM revealed group × exposure (F = 6.4, P = .016) and exposure × time interactions (F = 5.8, P = .022). Individuals with sarcopenia significantly increased power output ( P < .001) post-IWBV which was significantly greater than post-CWBV ( P = .037). Bench press power at 60% 1RM revealed an exposure × time interaction (F = 8.6, P = .006), indicating that power was significantly improved post-IWBV ( P = .027) and decreased post-CWBV. Berg Balance scale revealed a time main effect (F = 6.64, P = .015), and pain discomfort was significantly lower post-IWBV. These data indicate IWBV may provide a more efficacious exposure pattern in older women when compared to CWBV.
A new two-sample test for choosing between log-rank and Wilcoxon tests with right-censored data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

When differences of survival functions are located in early time, a Wilcoxon test is the best test, but when differences of survival functions are located in late time, using a log-rank test is better. Therefore, a researcher needs a stable test in these situations. In this paper, a new two-sample test is proposed and considered. This test is distribution-free. This test is useful for choosing between log-rank and Wilcoxon tests. Its power is roughly the maximal power of the log-rank test and Wilcoxon test.