jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Long‐term results of variceal bleeding management in 302 patients with chronic extrahepatic portal vein obstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aim Treatment modalities of variceal bleeding or rebleeding for extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) are limited, and their long‐term results and prognostic factors are unclear. This study aimed at assessing the long‐term results of EHPVO treated with current recommendations and investigating the influencing factors. Methods Between 2009 and 2016, 302 consecutive patients with EHPVO were included. Watch‐and‐wait policy was applied for those with no ( n = 59) or small varices ( n = 55), nonselective beta‐adrenergic blocker and nonselective beta‐adrenergic blocker plus endotherapy were for primary ( n = 115) and secondary prophylaxis ( n = 87), transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) or combination therapy was for those with recurrent bleeding ( n = 92). Results The median follow up was 58.8 months. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year cumulative rates were 3.6%, 19.2%, 32.3% for small varices development and 4.5%, 30.9%, 53.4% for large varices development. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year cumulative rates were 11.1%, 20.9%, and 34.9% for first variceal bleeding and 16.0%, 26.9%, and 33.6% for variceal rebleeding. For those with recurrent variceal bleeding, only TIPS ( n = 37, technical success rate: 90.2%) was associated with a reduced risk of variceal rebleeding (1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year: 5.6%, 11.7%, and 21.9%). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates were 96.9%, 95.8%, and 91.9%. Prothrombotic factors and anticoagulation did not influence the risk of variceal bleeding, rebleeding, and survival. Conclusions By applying the same variceal management as recommended for patients with liver cirrhosis, patients with non‐cirrhotic EHPVO showed a similar development of varices and variceal bleeding. This is also true for the beneficial effect of TIPS to prevent rebleeding.
[Radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One hundred three patients with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with radiotherapy between 1975 and 1992 were evaluated. The results for 24 patients treated with radiotherapy alone were as follows: The overall 5-year survival rates for Stages I + II (N = 12) and III + IV (N = 12) were 52% and 16%, respectively, lower than those for squamous cell carcinoma (stage I: 89%, II: 54%, III: 44%, IV: 19%). The overall response rate was 79.1%, and the recurrence rate was 54.2% (local recurrence: 29.2%, distant metastasis: 33.3%). In Stage I + II patients with an intracavitary irradiation dose of 40 Gy (LDR) or more, there was no local recurrence. In stage III + IV patients, local recurrence was recognized in spite of the high dosage of intracavitary irradiation. The results for 79 patients treated with combined irradiation and operation were as follows: The overall 5-year survival rates for Stages I, II, III and IV were 76%, 60%, 57%, and 0%, respectively. The incidence of lymph node metastasis was 30.4%, and for Stages I, II, III and IV was 26.7%, 34.6%, 28.6%, and 100%, respectively. This showed that adenocarcinoma had a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis after the early stage. The recurrence rate for patients with lymph node metastasis was 75.0%, significantly higher than 25.4% for patients without lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001). To improve prognosis, 40 Gy or more of intracavitary irradiation dose (LDR) and systemic chemotherapy to prevent distant metastasis are recommended for stage I and II cases. For stage III and IV cases, it was thought to be difficult to control local disease with radiation alone. Additional treatment should be used for these cases, i.e. intraarterial infusion, chemotherapy, hyperthermia and so on.
The Use of Negative Pressure Wound Treatment of Chronic Non-Healing Wounds

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Treatment of chronic non-healing wounds in the lower extremities involves a variety of comprehensive treatments, including dehydration by vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy, plastic closing surgical techniques, etc.The aim of the study was to analyze the results treatment of chronic non-healing wounds of lower limb with have used with VAC therapy.The retro-and prospective study included a review of data collected from 127 patients in 2011 -2020 of both sexes with mean age of 59.8 years.All patients were divided into three groups: the 1 st group (49), who after opening and sanitizing the purulent cavity was prepared the wound for the application of secondary sutures or for autodermoplasty by an open method using bandages with proteolytic enzymes, ointments on water-soluble basis, antiseptics; the 2 nd group (57), who underwent VAC therapy after necrectomy, and the 3 rd group (21), who underwent preparation of long-existing infected granulating wounds for autodermoplasty.The patients had initial local and systemic treatment, followed by VAC therapy, and were statistically analyzed.In 62 patients additional treatment was not required, in 25 patients were needed including a surgical plastic closing of your own skin.The 2 patients died before final closure due to other complications (myocardial infarction and stroke).In all the other patients, their wounds are completely healed.In order to eradicate the infection and close the wound the duration of VAC averaged 6.3 ± 0.32 days (from 2 to 16 days).The study confirmed the safety and effectiveness of VAC bandages in patients as to primary treatment and preparing this patients for autodermoplasty.
An Analysis of Trouvelot's Auroral Drawing on 1/2 March 1872: Plausible Evidence for Recurrent Geomagnetic Storms

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This work examines Trouvelot's observations and drawing of an auroral display during the night of 1 March 1872. It is known that the auroral oval moves equatorward to midlatitude and even low latitude during large geomagnetic storms. Trouvelot's graphical record of the great aurora on 1 March 1872 has been often cited as a remarkable example of a midlatitude aurora, although it is puzzling that this apparently occurred on a geomagnetically quiet day. Kataoka et al. (2019, JSWSC, 9, A16) even criticised this as a dating error. Here, we investigate Trouvelot's descriptions and available geomagnetic measurements in detail. Our analysis shows that the original date of Trouvelot's auroral drawing is most probably accurate in local time. Moreover, Trouvelot's descriptions and the observational site show that the auroral visibility fell at the beginning of 2 March 1872 in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Consulting simultaneous variations of magnetograms at Helsinki and Greenwich, we found that the nightside aurora specifically coincides with the initial phase of the storm (substorm) and suggests a close association with a substorm triggered by sudden magnetospheric compression. This case study shows that short geomagnetic storms can be overlooked in a daily aa index and they can also cause midlatitude aurorae. Moreover, we found ≈27‐day intervals between this storm, the extreme storms on 4–6 February 1872, and another “bright aurora” that was reported on 6 January 1872. Based on their intervals, these midlatitude aurorae have probably resulted from recurrent solar activity.
Promoting the Benefits and clarifying misconceptions about Preregistration, Preprints, and Open Science for Cognitive Science of Religion.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Adopting newly proposed ‘open science’ reforms to improve transparency and increase rigor is hard and can make us, as researchers, feel vulnerable. Nonetheless, these reforms are vital to improving the overall quality and confidence of our collective research. We have, through our own experiences, found that preregistration and detailed analysis plans can help to identify, and potentially avoid, errors. Prepublication has similarly helped us to collaborate and receive feedback on manuscripts, particularly during prolonged periods of peer-review. The Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR) field is constituted by a diversity of scholars and disciplines, and thus faces somewhat unique challenges in its efforts to establish common practices, standards, and research terminology. In this paper we offer an introduction to the open science reforms of preregistration and prepublication specifically orientated towards the CSR field. We discuss common concerns around these practices, highlighting areas of misunderstanding while conceding and discussing genuine limitations. We conclude with voluntary, low-investment recommendations for best-practices with regards preregistration and preprints for the field of the Cognitive Science of Religion.
Unexpected effects of local management and landscape composition on predatory mites and their food resources in vineyards

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research was funded by the project SECBIVIT. Dataset of the results in the Articel: Unexpected effects of local management and landscape composition on predatory mites and their food resources in vineyards. For further information also see: Sampled grape varieties: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4562219 https://www.secbivit.boku.ac.at/
Effects of antibacterial agents on in vitro ovine ruminal biotransformation of the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid jacobine

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Ingestion of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, naturally occurring plant toxins, causes illness and death in a number of animal species. Senecio jacobaea pyrrolizidine alkaloids cause significant economic losses due to livestock poisoning, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. Some sheep are resistant to pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning, because ovine ruminal biotransformation detoxifies free pyrrolizidine alkaloids in digesta. Antibacterial agents modify ruminal fermentation. Pretreatment with antibacterial agents may account for some animal variability in resistance to pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis, and antibacterial agents can also be used for characterizing ruminal pyrrolizidine alkaloid-biotransforming microflora. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of antibacterial agents on biotransformation of a predominant S. jacobaea pyrrolizidine alkaloid, jacobine, in ovine ruminal contents. Ovine ruminal jacobine biotransformation was tested in vitro with 20 independent antibacterial agents. Low amounts of rifampin and erythromycin prevented jacobine biotransformation. Chlortetracycline, lasalocid, monensin, penicillin G, and tetracycline were slightly less effective at inhibiting jacobine biotransformation. Bacitracin, crystal violet, kanamycin, and neomycin were moderately inhibitory against jacobine biotransformation. Brilliant green, chloramphenicol, gramicidin, nalidixic acid, polymyxin B SO4, sodium azide, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and vancomycin had little to no effect on jacobine biotransformation. The antibiotics that were most effective at inhibiting biotransformation were those that are active against gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, gram-positive bacteria are most likely critical members of the jacobine-biotransforming consortia.
[The combination of chronic calculous cholecystitis and diabetes mellitus].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A total of 206 patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis (CCC) are subjected to operation in the surgical clinic of the Military Hospital--Plovdiv over the period 1991-1994 = Diabetes mellitus as a concomitant disease is discovered in 21 cases (10.20 per cent). All of them have pain syndrome complaints, and during cholecystectomy concrements in the gallbladder are found. As shown by the results, the combination CCC and DM leads to aggravation of the disease. Destructive changes in the gallbladder in this combination are detected in 28.5 per cent, whereas in patients free of DM they amount to 10.5 per cent. Presumably, removal of the gallbladder contributes to eliminate the persisting stress factor in terms of the insular apparatus of the pancreas. Assessment of the long-term results shows that the positive therapeutic effect of the operation is permanent.
Methionine Hydroxy Analog Supplementation to Increase Feed Utilization for Indigenous Sheep

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the tropical area, productivity of ruminant has not optimized caused by the low quality of nutrition that leads to low-efficiency metabolism at the level of ruminal fermentation, post rumen digestibility, and intermediary metabolism. The study aimed to analyze effect of methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) on ruminal fermentation profiles of indigenous sheep specifically in the increase of ruminant productivity. In vitro utility test was conducted using rumen fluid of the indigenous sheep and sample of rational ration having a proportion of grass and concentrate 30%:70%, dry matter basis. The treatments implemented were three levels of MHA supplementation; T0: 0 g/day, T1: 3 g/day, and T2: 6 g/day. Variables measured were dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), production of VFA, NH3, as well as total protein, and molar proportion of partial VFA of rumen fluid. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design (CRD). The 0.2% MHA supplementation increased OMD with the highest production of total protein was from 28.57 mg/g (T0) to 40.49 mg/g (T2) (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the lowest ratio of acetate : propionate was from 2.74 (T0) to 2.33 (T2) (P<0.05). Supplementation of MHA up to 6 g/day concentrate increased the performance of fermentation and/or feed utility.
The Validity and Functionality of Job Crafting across Cultures: A three-sample study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between job crafting dimensions and job satisfaction across three samples of nurses from different cultures, and to assess whether and the extent to which basic need satisfaction plays a mediating role in this relationship across the distinguished cultural contexts. We conducted a cross-sectional survey study in hospital settings in three cultural contexts (Lebanon, N = 109; India, N = 115; USA, N = 139). Our results indicated that increasing social job resources is directly related to job satisfaction, only in the Lebanese sample, and that increasing challenging job demands is related to job satisfaction via the need for autonomy in the Lebanese and USA samples. We found no relationship between any of the job crafting dimensions and job satisfaction in the Indian sample. We concluded that job crafting might be a concept that manifests differently depending on the cultural context. Our data showed that job crafting is not always related to positive work outcomes and that consideration of cultural contexts is of utmost importance to better understand its predictive value and the underlying mechanisms in relationships under study. This study sheds light on the applicability and functionality of job crafting in the nursing profession. Furthermore, by studying this phenomenon in two underrepresented cultural contexts (i.e., Lebanon and India), and comparing our findings with the ones from the USA, we gain more insight into aspects of measurement (in)variance and cross-cultural (dis)similarities in the relationships under study.
How Artificial Communication Affects the Communication and Cognition of the Great Apes

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Ape species-specific communication is grounded on the present, possesses some referential qualities and is mostly used to request objects or actions from others. Artificial systems of communication borrowed from humans transform apes' communicative exchanges by freeing them from the present (i.e. displaced reference) although requests still predominate as the main reason for communicating with others. Symbol use appears to enhance apes' relational abilities and their inhibitory control. Despite these substantial changes, it is concluded that even though artificial communication enhances thought and enables its expression more openly, it does not create it or modify the motivation behind communicative exchanges.
Integrative Therapies for Cancer Survivors

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

With increasing availability of integrative therapies and evidence to support their use alongside conventional medicine, clinicians in partnership with cancer survivors can assist in the development of a holistic plan of care. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health defines, through rigorous scientific investigation, the usefulness and safety of complementary and integrative interventions and provides the public with research-based information to guide health care decision making. This article highlights the use of these modalities in the context of the aging cancer survivors, thus fostering various options for management of long-term adverse effects of cancer treatment.
Figure S7 from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Metabolic Plasticity in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Figure S7. Inhibition of monocarboxylate transporters regulates intracellular and extracellular lactate. Western blot shows expression of MCT4 in monocultures of MCF7, T47D, HS5, and HS27a cells. Images are from adjacent lanes on one gel and non-adjacent lanes from a second gel. We show β-actin as a loading control. B,C) Graphs show mean values ± standard deviation for relative concentrations of intracellular (B) and extracellular (C) lactate in monocultures of MCF7 cells or co-cultures of MCF7 and HS5 cells treated with 10 µM syrosingopine, an inhibitor of MCT1/4, or vehicle for 3 days. *** p<0.0001 using paired t tests for each comparison.</p>
Rat kidney thromboxane receptor: molecular cloning, signal transduction, and intrarenal expression localization.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Thromboxane (TX) plays important roles in control of renal hemodynamics and water and electrolyte metabolism, and is involved in the pathophysiology of many renal diseases. The aim of the present study is to isolate a rat kidney cDNA encoding functional TX receptor, and to reveal its intrarenal expression localization. A clone (rTXR2) was isolated from a rat kidney cDNA library by a homology screening approach. rTXR2 was shown to encode the amino acid sequence containing seven transmembrane spanning domains representing rat (r) TX receptor. The membrane from COS-7 cells transiently transfected with rTXR2 cDNA was shown to be specifically bound by a thromboxane receptor antagonist, SQ29548. Either in Xenopus oocyte expression or in transfected COS-7 cells, rTX receptor was shown to be linked with Ca2+ messenger system. TX receptor-mediated increase in cytosolic Ca2+ was also observed in cultured glomerular mesangial cells. In situ hybridization showed that rTX receptor mRNA was detected in renal glomeruli, smooth muscle cells in renal arterioles, and transitional cell epithelium of renal pelvis. Reverse transcription linked to PCR applied to microdissected nephron segments indicated the presence of rTX receptor mRNA exclusively in the glomerulus. In conclusion, we have cloned a functional rat kidney TX receptor, which is expressed specifically in renal glomerulus, arterial smooth muscle cells, and transitional cell epithelium of renal pelvis. The present study will provide important insights into the etiology and pathophysiology of renal diseases with relation to TX metabolism.
The effect of Indole acetic acid on the accumulation of Cd2+and growth of Cd2+- treated Commelina communis L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

3-weeks old Commelina was transferred to and grown in Hoagland solution (Control, $100\muM$ $Cd^{2+}$, $100\muM$ $Cd^{2+}$+ $100\muM$ IAA, $100\muM$ $Cd^{2+}$+ $100\muM$ IAA + 2 mM sucrose) for 3 weeks and then the effects of indole acetic acid (IAA) on the accumulation of $Cd^{2+}$ and growth of $Cd^{2+}$-treated Commelina were investigated. In the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$ was uptaked to 1.74, and 51.36 ${\mu}g/g$ frwt. at the first week, but for three weeks, 0.51 and 34,53 ${\mu}g/g$ frwt, in leaf and stem respectively. When IAA was treated along with $Cd^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$ was uptaked to 0.18 and 8.63 ${\mu}g/g$ fiwt, at the first week, and for the incubation of 3 weeks, 0,51 and 45.0 ${\mu}g/g$ fiwt. in leaf and stem. In case of $Cd^{2+}$+IAA+sucrose, $Cd^{2+}$ was uptaked to 1.45 and 18.33 ${\mu}g/g$ frwt. at the first week, but for 3 weeks, 0,51 and 25.45 ${\mu}g/g$ fiwt. in leaf and stem. Likewise $Cd^{2+}$ uptake, the growth was also affected by $Cd^{2+}$ and IAA. During the incubation of 3 weeks, $Cd^{2+}$ reduced the stem growth about 8% in all weeks, but the treatment of IAA recovered the inhibition of stem growth caused by $Cd^{2+}$ to the degree of the control Therefore, it could be concluded that IAA altered the pattern of $Cd^{2+}$ uptake and the growth which were supposed to change $Cd^{2+}$ toxicity.
PHOTOBLEACHING OF A CYANINE DYE IN SOLUTION AND IN MEMBRANES

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract— N,N′‐bis(2‐ethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane)‐kryptocyanine (EDKC), a lipophilic dye with a delocalized positive charge, photosensitizes cells to visible irradiation. In phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), EDKC absorbs maximally at 700 nm (ε= 1.2 × 10 5 M −1 cm −1 ) and in methanol, the absorption maximum is at 706 nm (ε= 2.3 × 10 5 M −1 cm −1 ). EDKC partitions from PBS into small unilamellar liposomes prepared from saturated phospholipids and into membranes prepared from red blood cells (RBC) and binds to human serum albumin (HSA). The EDKC fluorescence maximum red shifts from 713 nm in PBS to 720–725 nm in liposomes and RBC membranes and the fluorescence intensity is enhanced by factors of 14–35 compared to PBS (φ= 0.0046). EDKC is thermally unstable in PBS (T 1/2 = 2 h at 1.3 × 10 −5 M EDKC), but stable in methanol. In liposomes and RBC membranes, EDKC is 10 times more stable than in PBS, indicating that it is only partially exposed to the aqueous phase. Quenching of EDKC fluorescence in liposomes and RBC membranes by trinitrobenzene sulfonate also indicates that EDKC is not buried within the membranes. Photodecomposition of EDKC was oxygen‐dependent and occurred with a low quantum yield (6.4 × 10 −4 in PBS). Singlet oxygen was not detected upon irradiation of EDKC in membranes or with HSA since the self‐sensitized oxidation of EDKC occurred at the same rate in D 2 O as in H 2 O and was not quenched by sodium azide or histidine.
Psychoanalytic psychotherapy in Austria

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

With Vienna being the historical birthplace of psychoanalysis, the country is deeply connected to the discipline as a whole and holds a specific significance internationally. In Austria itself, psychoanalytic psychotherapies are currently embedded in a prospering and active training and research scene with several internationally connected societies. In order to contextualize the current state of the discipline and to describe the provisions offered by the national health care system for accessing psychoanalytic psychotherapies, this contribution first discusses the historical roots of psychoanalysis, its institutional beginnings as well as the profound difficulties and strains it underwent in the course of the Second World War and the takeover of the National Socialist regime. Furthermore, the resurrection of psychoanalysis in the post-war period as well as the process of institutionalization and academization that ensued will be discussed. Finally, an overview over current issues surrounding health care services, training requirements as well as future outlooks and challenges of psychoanalysis today is provided.