jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Response of Freshly Isolated Strains of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitior to Change in pH in the Presence and Absence of Fluoride During Growth in Continuous Culture

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A study was undertaken to compare the effects of pH and fluoride on the growth and metabolic properties of Streptococcus mutans 2452 and Streptococcus mitior 572, strains recently isolated from 8-year-old school children and grown in continuous culture with a glucose limitation. Each experiment had four consecutive stages of growth: (i) pH 7.0, (ii) no pH control, (iii) pH 7.0, and (iv) no pH control plus 50 μg of fluoride per ml in the medium. At a dilution rate ( D ) of 0.13 h −1 , cells of S. mitior possessed high glycolytic activity at pH 7.0 in the initial stage, but were washing out of the chemostat within 24 h after the pH control was shut off and the pH fell to 5.1. Once the culture was reestablished at pH 7.0, fluoride (50 μg/ml) was added to the medium and the pH control was again turned off. Whereas cell numbers fell from 24.0 × 10 8 to 0.9 × 10 8 /ml within 24 h, the culture remained relatively constant during the following 6 days despite the fall in pH to 5.4. The cells from this culture also maintained an intermediate glycolytic rate of 0.44 μmol mg −1 min −1 . The cells in this latter stage developed phenotypic resistant to fluoride at concentrations up to 16 mM. Growth of S. mitior at D = 0.034 h −1 resulted in a slower response to environmental change such that cells were able to grow to pH values as low as 5.2 in the absence of fluoride. In contrast to S. mitior, S. mutans 2452 under the same conditions at D = 0.13 h −1 grew to higher cell numbers and higher yields and was able to maintain significant cell numbers to pH 4.8 once the pH control was shut off in the presence and absence of fluoride. S. mutans had 40% less glycolytic activity but was fourfold more resistant to fluoride at the start of the experiment, and cells were shown to adapt to growth at low pH and to fluoride at levels as high as 20 mM. This fluoride resistance by freshly isolated S. mutans 2452 was significantly higher than that of S. mutans DR0001 grown under identical conditions in the chemostat. S. mutans DR0001 is a strain which has been subcultured in vitro for several years. This study demonstrated that S. mutans 2452 was more aciduric than S. mitior 572 and, unlike the latter organism, could grow at pH values below 5.1. The addition of fluoride to the medium stabilized the S. mitior culture in the absence of pH control, indicating that whereas fluoride does suppress growth and glycolytic activity it also results in higher environmental pH values, which permit the survival of the less aciduric bacteria.
Rationality of twists of the Siegel modular variety of genus $2$ and level $3$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $\overlineρ: G_{\mathbf{Q}} \rightarrow {\rm GSp}_4(\mathbf{F}_3)$ be a continuous Galois representation with cyclotomic similitude character -- or, what turns out to be equivalent, the Galois representation associated to the $3$-torsion of a principally polarized abelian surface $A/\mathbf{Q}$. We prove that the moduli space $\mathcal{A}_2(\overlineρ)$ of principally polarized abelian surfaces $B/\mathbf{Q}$ admitting a symplectic isomorphism $B[3] \simeq \overlineρ$ of Galois representations is never rational over $\mathbf{Q}$ when $\overlineρ$ is surjective, even though it is both rational over $\mathbf{C}$ and unirational over $\mathbf{Q}$ via a map of degree $6$.
Categorizing expressive speech acts in the pragmatically annotated SPICE Ireland corpus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Expressive speech acts are one of the five basic categories of speech acts identified by Searle (1976). Expressives remain underresearched, though select categories of expressive speech acts, especially offering thanks and compliments, have received more extensive attention. An overall classification of expressive speech acts on the basis of corpus data has not yet been carried out. The current study provides a first survey of different types of expressive speech acts on the basis of three categories of spoken Irish English of different levels of formality: broadcast discussion, classroom discussion and face-to-face interaction. The data are extracted from the pragmatically tagged SPICE-Ireland corpus, a member of the International Corpus of English-family of corpora. The aim of the current study is to offer an overview and classification of expressives in the corpus material. Eight distinct subcategories of expressive speech acts are identified in this study. These categories are agreement, disagreement, volition, offering thanks, apologies, exclamations, expressions of sorrow and greetings.
Erratum to "GCIG-Consensus guideline for long-term survivorship in gynecologic cancer: A position paper from the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) symptom benefit committee” [Cancer Treatm. Rev. 107 (2022) 102396] (Cancer Treatment Reviews (2022) 107, (S0305737222000603), (10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102396))

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The publisher regrets that the survivorship care plan (Fig. 1) of the above article was incomplete. The complete version of the proposed survivorship care plan is now embedded as supplementary material in the article in a printable format. In addition, the author regrets that the details for affiliation “a” were incomplete. The correct affiliation is as listed above. The publisher and author would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
PRACTICAL-ORIENTED CONCEPT AS A PRINCIPLE OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION OF THE FUTURE PROFESSIONALS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article considers the essence of the process of practice-oriented concept as a principle of the professional training quality of the future specialists. Socialization is singled out and considered through the interdisciplinary concept in professional education. Socialization is defined as a successful component of the future specialists' professional education. One of the ways of professional education of the future specialists is covered — participation in social projects of the higher education institutions. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the socialization and professional education of the future specialists through the social project's organization. The motivational and innovative components of socialization in the professional education of future specialists are studied. The results of the experimental study are described.
Purification and properties of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dihydrofolate reductase has been purified 40-fold to apparent homogeneity from a trimethoprim-resistant strain of Escherichia coli (RT 500) using a procedure that includes methotrexate affinity column chromatography. Determinations of the molecular weight of the enzyme based on its amino acid composition, sedimentation velocity, and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis gave values of 17680, 17470 and 18300, respectively. An aggregated form of the enzyme with a low specific activity can be separated from the monomer by gel filtration; treatment of the aggregate with mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol results in an increase in enzymic activity and a regeneration of the monomer. Also, multiple molecular forms of the monomer have been detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The unresolved enzyme exhibits two pH optima (pH 4.5 and pH 7.0) with dihydrofolate as a substrate. Highest activities are observed in buffers containing large organic cations. In 100 mM imidazolium chloride (pH 7), the specific activity is 47 mumol of dihydrofolate reduced per min per mg at 30 degrees. Folic acid also serves as a substrate with a single pH optimum of pH 4.5. At this pH the Km for folate is 16 muM, and the Vmax is 1/1000 of the rate observed with dihydrofolate as the substrate. Monovalent cations (Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+) inhibit dihydrofolate reductase; at a given ionic strength the degree of inhibition is a function of the ionic radius of the cation. Divalent cations are more potent inhibitors; the I50 of BaCl2 is 250 muM, as compared to 125 mM for KCl. Anions neither inhibit nor activate the enzyme.
Enhanced recA Protein Binding to Z DNA Represents a Kinetic Perturbation of a General Duplex DNA Binding Pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

recA protein binding to duplex DNA is enhanced when a B form DNA substrate is replaced with a left-handed Z form helix. This represents a kinetic rather than an equilibrium effect. Binding to Z DNA is much faster than binding to B DNA. In other respects, binding to the two DNA forms is quite similar. recA protein binds to B or Z DNA with a stoichiometry of 1 monomer/4 base pairs. The final protein filament exhibits a right-handed helical structure when either B or Z form DNAs are bound. There are only two evident differences: the kcat for ATP hydrolysis is reduced 3-4-fold when Z DNA is bound, and recA binding at equilibrium is less stable on Z DNA than on B DNA. At steady state, the binding favors B DNA in competition experiments. The results indicate that Z DNA binding by recA protein follows the same pathway as for recA binding to B DNA, but that the nucleation step is faster on the Z form helix.
Age-related changes and seasonal variations in boarsperm metabolism during liquid storage at 5° and 16°C

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

1. Age and seasonal-dependent variations in the biochemical composition of boar semen L. Fraser, J. Strzeżek, K. Filipowicz, M. Mogielnicka-Brzozowska, L. Zasiadczyk Theriogenology CrossRef
Double-sided moral hazard, information screening and the optimal contract

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose In the practice of venture capital investment, the venture capital will not only claim the share of the enterprise’s future output, but also a certain amount of fixed income. The purpose of this paper is to examine the optimal contract which blends the variable ownership income and the fixed income theoretically so as to provide a keen insight into the venture capital practice. Design/methodology/approach This paper establishes an extended principal-agent model and researches on the design of optimal contract dominated by venture capital with double-sided moral hazard and information screening. Findings By establishing theoretical models, the main findings are: first, high-quality enterprise tends to relinquish less ownership but give more fixed return to the venture capital as compensation in order to obtain the venture capital financing; second, low-quality enterprise is willing to relinquish more ownership but give less fixed return to the venture capital for financing; third, due to the existence of double-sided moral hazard, neither of the venture capital and the enterprise will exert their best effort. Originality/value This paper furthers the application of principal-agent model in the field of venture capital investment and researches on the optimal contract, considering double-sided moral hazard and adverse selection at the same time originally.
Food fraud: Assessing fraud vulnerability in the extra virgin olive oil supply chain

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As a high value commodity on the market, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a suitable target for fraudsters. To understand differences in perceived fraud vulnerability between tier groups across the EVOO supply chain and to disclose underlying factors, the perceived fraud vulnerability of 28 companies was examined using the SSAFE food fraud vulnerability assessment tool. Amongst these companies were seven olive oil producers, seven business-to-business (B2B) companies, seven food manufacturers and seven retailers. The similarities and differences in perceived fraud vulnerabilities according to group characteristics (the role, the scale and the location of the company) were evaluated. Non-parametric tests and multiple correspondence analysis were applied for data exploration. An in-depth fraud vulnerability assessment of the EVOO supply chain was provided. Eight fraud factors related to opportunities and motivations scored high in the supply chain indicating their importance as fraud drivers and enablers. Four factors related to control measures are perceived as greatest vulnerability in the EVOO supply chain. Then, the vulnerability to fraud in the EVOO supply chain across all actors is perceived as high level on average. In decreasing contribution to the overall perceived fraud vulnerability, the fraud factor categories were ranked as follow: technical opportunities, a lack of managerial controls, a lack of technical controls, economic drivers, cultural and behavioural drivers, and opportunities in time and place. Among the tier groups, the retailers and B2B companies experienced higher levels of perceived vulnerability than olive oil producers and food manufacturers due to the additional vulnerability related to the opportunities in time and place, and greatest lack of control measures. Furthermore, the perceived fraud vulnerability of the company was not only determined by the tier group, but also impacted by the scale and location of the company.
Effects of Vasectomy on Spermatogenesis and Fertility Outcome After Testicular Sperm Extraction Combined With ICSI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 May 2006Effects of Vasectomy on Spermatogenesis and Fertility Outcome After Testicular Sperm Extraction Combined With ICSI C.M. McVicar, D.A. O’Neill, N. McClure, B. Clements, S. McCullough, and S.E. Lewis C.M. McVicarC.M. McVicar More articles by this author , D.A. O’NeillD.A. O’Neill More articles by this author , N. McClureN. McClure More articles by this author , B. ClementsB. Clements More articles by this author , S. McCulloughS. McCullough More articles by this author , and S.E. LewisS.E. Lewis More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(06)00176-5AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Effects of Vasectomy on Spermatogenesis and Fertility Outcome After Testicular Sperm Extraction Combined With ICSI." The Journal of Urology, 175(5), p. 1827 Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Science, Belfast, United Kingdom© 2006 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 5May 2006Page: 1827 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2006 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information C.M. McVicar More articles by this author D.A. O’Neill More articles by this author N. McClure More articles by this author B. Clements More articles by this author S. McCullough More articles by this author S.E. Lewis More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Influence of Eco-friendly Pretreatment of Cellulose Acetate Fabric withLaccase Enzyme on the Textile Properties, Dye Adsorption Isotherms, andThermodynamic Parameters

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Deacetylation of cellulose acetate restores hydroxyl groups on the surface of fibers and improves hydrophilicity. From an environmental point of view, the conventional deacetylation process involves alkalinity and large effluent volume. The goal of this work is to introduce a new eco-friendly bio-treatment process. METHOD: In this study, cellulose acetate fabrics were bio-treated with laccase enzyme. Then, the untreated and bio-treated fabrics were dyed with direct and dispersed dyes. Laccase pretreatment improved color strength (16%) and crocking durability. After bio-treatment, the bending rigidity decreased for the warp (17.8) and weft (10.8) directions. The Freundlich model was the best model to describe the adsorption of direct dye onto the untreated fabric. In contrast, the Langmuir model better described the adsorption behavior of bio-treated fabric. RESULT: Nernst model was suitable for dispersed dye adsorption. The partition coefficient was increased after laccase treatment. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the dye sorption was endothermic and nonspontaneous. CONCLUSION: It was also found that bio-treated fabrics require less external energy. All performed experiments approved the efficiency of the deacetylation process, which led to an improvement in dyeing properties.
Intestinal permeability assessed by excretion ratios of two molecules: results in coeliac disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this patient it merged into what, in retrospect, was the first symptom of the shoulder-hand syndrome.Whether the pain itself or the resulting immobility with impairment of the venous and lymphatic pumping mechanism4 triggers the development of the syndrome is unknown, but in any event it seems that laparoscopic sterilisation can be added to the long list of potential precipitating factors.'The history of psychiatric illness in this patient may also be relevant.5As this case shows, the illness can be lengthy, disabling, and resistant to treatment, particularly when diagnosis is delayed.2 3 The syndrome is uncommon, particularly in young people,2 and early diagnosis will depend on being alert to the possibility.
Determining of genetic diversity and genetic relationships among Lithuanian selections of Actinidia kolomikta

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The assessing of Lithuanian cultivars and clones of Actinidia kolomikta DNA by RAPD method corroborated the significant genetic diversity and defined the level of their relationship. Genomic DNA was isolated from fresh leaves following CTAB method. Six decamer oligonucleotide primers Akt-1, Akt-2, Akt-3, 2B, OPA-02 and OPC-02 were used for PCR and a total of 42 scorable fragments yielded. The genetic distances fall into interval 0.059-0.914. The lowest genetic distances were calculated for the clones F2 and F4, as well for the clones F2M2 and F3M3: 0.059 and 0.097, respectively. Clones specific markers for the cultivar 'Laiba' and clone F4M4 were identified with the primers OPC-02 and 2B. The dendrogram grouped the selections by UPGMA method and revealed two main clusters at the level of 0.500 genetic distance. The cultivar 'Laiba' could be characterized as the most genetically separate accession in the Actinidia kolomikta germplasm collection of the Kaunas Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus University.
Oral Health Knowledge and Related Factors among Pregnant Women Attending to a Primary Care Center in Spain

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Our aim was to assess the knowledge of pregnant women in terms of oral health and prevention, correlating it with socio-sanitary and educational factors, as well as self-care and oral health state referred. A total of 139 women from a Health Department in Comunidad Valenciana (Valencia, Spain) participated in the study. They underwent an auto-administered survey which included socio-economic and educational factors, self-care in terms of oral hygiene, referred oral health state, and general knowledge on prevention and oral health. Chi-squared test (χ2 test) and ANOVA (p < 0.05) were performed for the analysis. Variables significantly associated with general knowledge were included in a logistic regression analysis. Variables which explained general knowledge in terms of oral health were Spanish nationality (Exp B = 3.59 p = 0.017), secondary/bachelor or equivalent level of education (Exp B = 0.23 p = 0.010), medium or high level of self-care (Exp B = 0.146 p = 0.024 and Exp B = 0.208 p = 0.046, respectively), and medium or high knowledge on prevention (Exp B = 0.092 p = 0.003 and Exp B = 0.280 p = 0.017, respectively). Level of education, nationality, self-care, and knowledge on prevention and oral health were the factors that determined a greater level of general knowledge on oral health from the pregnant women.
Congenital Vaginal Atresia: About an Uncommon Case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Congenital vaginal atresia is an uncommon developmental defect in the female reproductive system. In this review, we discuss a rare case involving a 19-year- old woman who presented with primary amenorrhea and recurrent pelvic pain. Upon clinical evaluation, a cup-shaped structure was noted in place of the vaginal opening. Imaging studies, including ultrasound and MRI, revealed a complete vaginal atresia along with a right unicornuate uterus, a non-functional rudimentary left horn, and significant accumulation of menstrual blood in the uterus. Diagnosed with vaginal aplasia and an abnormal uterus, the patient consented to undergo a subtotal hysterectomy, with preservation of the adnexa. Congenital vaginal atresia generally presents with primary amenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain. Diagnosis involves a thorough clinical assessment coupled with imaging techniques, where MRI plays a key role in determining the severity of the atresia and informing the surgical strategy. The goal of surgery is to restore the integrity of the utero-vaginal tract and improve reproductive outcomes for those affected. Subject Areas:- Gynecology – Obstetric
LIVER DEATH A HEPATORENAL SYNDROME

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

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Human plague in the USA: the importance of regional and local climate

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A 56-year time series of human plague cases ( Yersinia pestis ) in the western United States was used to explore the effects of climatic patterns on plague levels. We found that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), together with previous plague levels and above-normal temperatures, explained much of the plague variability. We propose that the PDO's impact on plague is conveyed via its effect on precipitation and temperature and the effect of precipitation and temperature on plague hosts and vectors: warmer and wetter climate leading to increased plague activity and thus an increased number of human cases. Our analysis furthermore provides insights into the consistency of plague mechanisms at larger scales.