jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data from Inhibition of Growth and Metastasis of Mouse Mammary Carcinoma by Selective Inhibitor of Transforming Growth Factor-β Type I Receptor Kinase <i>In vivo</i>

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) suppresses tumor development by inhibiting cellular proliferation, inducing differentiation and apoptosis, and maintaining genomic integrity. However, once tumor cells escape from the tumor-suppressive effects of TGF-β, they often constitutively overexpress and activate TGF-β, which may promote tumor progression by enhancing invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis and by suppressing antitumor immunity. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis using TGF-β pathway antagonists.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We examined the effects of selective TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitors, SD-093 and SD-208, on two murine mammary carcinoma cell lines (R3T and 4T1) <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Both agents blocked TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of the receptor-associated Smads, Smad2 and Smad3, in a dose-dependent manner, with IC<sub>50</sub> between 20 and 80 nmol/L. TGF-β failed to inhibit growth of these cell lines but stimulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation, migration, and invasiveness into Matrigel <i>in vitro</i>. These effects were inhibited by SD-093, indicating that these processes are partly driven by TGF-β. Treatment of syngeneic R3T or 4T1 tumor-bearing mice with orally given SD-208 inhibited primary tumor growth as well as the number and size of metastases. In contrast, SD-208 failed to inhibit R3T tumor growth or metastasis in athymic nude mice. Moreover, <i>in vitro</i> anti-4T1 cell cytotoxic T-cell responses of splenocytes from drug-treated animals were enhanced compared with cells from control animals. In addition, SD-208 treatment resulted in a decrease in tumor angiogenesis.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitors hold promise as novel therapeutic agents for metastatic breast cancer.</p></div>
Prediction of malnutrition in patients with cancer using machine learning: a review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Malnutrition substantially affects the outcomes of antitumor therapy in patients with cancer. Nutritional support is often prescribed subjectively, which may lead to errors in determining the need for artificial nutrition, route of administration, and composition of nutritional therapy. While machine learning and artificial intelligence are increasingly being incorporated into clinical practice, their application in nutritional support remains rather limited. Here, we conducted a review to highlight the current state of this issue. We analyzed publications indexed in MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Scientific Electronic Library (eLibrary) from 2021 to 2024 addressing the use of artificial intelligence — namely, machine learning algorithms — for early identification of protein–energy deficiency and prediction of its development in patients with cancer. The findings indicate that predictive models based on artificial intelligence, as well as models for identifying protein–energy deficiency, can be integrated into clinical decision support systems. This approach enables timely diagnosis and correction of nutritional deficiencies and helps reduce the subjectivity and limitations inherent to the conventional empirical approach to prescribing nutritional support. The review also discusses common errors encountered in the implementation of nutritional support in patients with cancer, and outlines opportunities for mitigating them through machine learning. The analysis shows that despite considerable prospects, the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence for identifying nutritional deficiencies and delivering nutritional support in real clinical practice remains rather limited.
THE ROLE OF FARMLAND IN INVESTMENT PORTFOLIOS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

As well as the traditional low-risk core property sectors, investors are now giving increased attention to the property investment opportunities available from higher-risk value-added and opportunistic property. In particular, farmland is seen as a long-term investment which receives investor attention in many countries and potentially provides added value in a portfolio. This paper will analyse the performance of UK farmland over the period 1981-2005. This analysis will assess the total return from rural properties in the UK and compare this performance to commercial property returns (total, office, retail, industrial), equities and gilts over this 25-year period. The analysis will be based on the IPD UK farmland index and the IPD property index. The portfolio diversification and risk-reduction benefits of UK farmland will be highlighted.
Intensive Quenching Processes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Intensive quenching (IQ) is an alternative method of hardening steel parts. Two types of IQ methods are used in heat treating practice: IQ-2 and IQ-3. IQ-2 is implemented in IQ water tanks, which are usually used for batch quenching of steel parts. IQ-3 is conducted in single-part processing using high-velocity water flow IQ units. This article presents a detailed description of IQ technology, related equipment, and IQ applications. A review of intensive quench system design and processing is provided, including numerical design criteria, steel selection, quenchants, properties (especially optimal residual stress profiles). Several specific applications of intensive quenching are also provided.
LINGUISTIC AXIOLOGICAL COMPONENT OF ACADEMIC INTERPRETER/TRANSLATOR TRAINING

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Appears in: INTED2016 Proceedings Publication year: 2016Pages: 8553-8560ISBN: 978-84-608-5617-7ISSN: 2340-1079doi: 10.21125/inted.2016.0987Conference name: 10th International Technology, Education and Development ConferenceDates: 7-9 March, 2016Location: Valencia, Spain
88. Comparison results of different strategies of radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

: Evaluation results of radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in years; 1980–1990 (before CT era) vs 1991–1995. : One hundred eighty eight patients treated in our centre were included in this analysis. Two groups of patients were distinguished: I-st – 128 patients (treated between 1980–1990) and II-nd – 60 (treated between 1991–1995). The possibilities of diagnosis and radiotherapy techniques were diffrent in both groups. In the II-nd group; the shrinking field technique, CT in diagnosis and target delineation and also higher total dose (mean 66 Gy) were applied. : For all patients 5-years disease free-survival was 30%. During follow-up the first two years were crucial, because 80% of failures occured. The causes of failures were as follow: the local recurrence (43%), metastases to lymph nodes (39%) and distant metastases (18%). : Introducing CT into diagnosis and target delineation, the shrinking field technique and higher total dose of irradiation caused in improvement of results of radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Evaluation of Jeffamine® Core PAMAM Dendrimers for Simultaneous Removal of Divalent Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Polymer Assisted Ultrafiltration

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Different generations (G3-G4) of amine-terminated Jeffamine® T-403 core poly(amidoamine) PAMAM dendrimers (JCPDs) were used as new macromolecular heavy metal chelating agent templates in polymer assisted ultrafiltration (PAUF) for the investigation of their removal ability for some of the divalent metal ions: Cu, Co, Ni, Cd, and Zn from aqueous solutions under competitive conditions. The effects of pH and generation size of JCPDs were also investigated. Extent of binding (EOB) data can be appropriately expressed by a tetradentate coordination for JCPDs at pH 9 where the maximum removal of metal ions was observed. At pH 9.0, the affinity of both generations towards heavy metal ions was also observed in the decreasing order of Zn(II) > Co(II) > Ni(II) > Cu(II) > Cd(II). Results revealed that the highest total binding capacity was observed for G3-NH2 (262.79 ± 1.62 mg/g) as a little bit higher than that of G4-NH2 (257.27 ± 2.57 mg/g). EOB studies also proved the active contribution of amide groups to metal binding ability of PAMAMs. Both generations were selective towards Cu(II) ions at lower pH 5 and pH 7. From these results, it was concluded that studied JCPDs have the desired technical properties to be used for the removal of toxic metals from wastewaters.
Experimental cylinder drag data for hypersonic, rarefied flow.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A FREE-FLIGHT technique has recently been used in the AEDC-VKF Tunnel L to obtain drag data for cylinders normal to the flow. (Tunnel L is an arc-heated, continuous, low-density facility using nitrogen as the test gas. Flow properties are given in Table 1 for the two different nozzles used in the present tests.) The technique, which has previously been used to obtain data for spheres,1 has provided cylinder data over the range of Knudsen numbers 0.135 < Knmtd < 18.4.
Archival Memory on the Web: Web 2.0 Technologies for Collective Memory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

기록물은 직간접적으로 기억과 관련되어 있다. 한 사회가 과거를 어떻게 기억하는지는 무엇이 기록관에 수집되고, 그것이 이용자들에게 어떻게 이해되고 이용되는지에 달려있다. 기억은 종종 현시점의 개인적, 사회적 관심에 의해 촉발된다. 따라서 기록물의 해석은 현재의 관심에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 이런 관점에서, 무엇이 이용자들로 하여금 기록물을 찾게 만들고 이용자들이 기록물을 어떻게 이용하는 지의 이용맥락을 안다면, 기록물/기록관이 사회의 기억에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 알 수 있을 것이다. 웹에서는 이용자들간, 이용자와 기록물/기록관 간의 관계를 쉽게 관찰할 수 있다. 기록관들은웹 2.0 기술 및 디지털 문화를 이용하여 이용자들이 기록물과 어떤 상호작용하는지, 기록에 어떤 기여를 하는지를 관찰함으로써, 사회의 기억을 위한 기록관으로 새로운 자리매김을 할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 기록학이라는 관점에서 기억에 관한 담론을 조명하고, 특히 웹 2.0이라는 새로운 환경에서 어떻게 기록관이 기억을 위한 발판이 될 수 있는지에 대해 논하였다. 이용자와 이용맥락에 중점을 두어 기록학문헌에 비추어진 집단 기억을 논하고, 집단기억이 기록물, 역사, 증거라는 담론과 어떻게 연결되어 설명되어왔는지를 개관하였다. 이러한 이론적 배경을 바탕으로, 웹 2.0 기술이 집단기억을 위해 어떤 기술적인 발판을 제공하는지를 고찰하였다. 또한, 기록물을 둘러싼 포괄적인 내러티브를 만들어가는데 이용자들이 웹 2.0 어플리케이션을 통해 어떻게 자신의 기억을 나누고 집단 기억을 만들어가는지에 관한 사례를 살펴보았다. Archives have directly and indirectly served for memory. What is collected in archives, how it is presented to users, and how users understand and use the documents affects how a given society remembers its past. Some archival scholars see that how users interpret documents from their perspectives and by social interests may play a central role in constructing social memory because memories are often triggered by individual and social concerns of the present time. Therefore, knowing what causes users to seek for a certain materials, how they use those materials and why can offer a clue to learn how archives serve for social memory. In the Web space, the interaction between users and archives/archival materials can be easily observed. Beyond making access simple for users and promoting archival documents using Web technology, archives can serve the broader purpose of memory by skillfully exploiting the characteristics of Web 2.0 and digital cultures in a way to observe how users engage in and contribute to archival contents available on the Web. This study examines the discourses on memory in the archival context, and in particular, how archives can serve as platforms for memory within the new environment of Web 2.0 technologies. It surveys discussions on memory in relation to archives, history, and evidence, focusing on the user and use context as it is represented in the archival literature. This paper discusses how that technology provides features that allow us to see collective memory being constructed in the archives, and presents examples of how the Web 2.0 technology can structure the way users share their memories in building a larger narrative around the archive.
Luther on Prayer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Munyengetero Mtata 1uther's reflections on common, or communal prayer reveal a helpful way of describing Luther's thought process around the subject of prayer primarily from the perspective of his 1520 Treatise on Good Works.Along with this treatise, other writings by Luther are helpful in examining whether Luther's thoughts remained the same or they changed over time.If they changed, it is also helpful to explore which areas would have changed.The idea of good works was a hotly contested one, as Wengert indicates that the treatise was a product of Georg Spalatin's "strong encouragement" for Luther to address it. 2One would imagine that the war Luther waged against the sale of indulgences may have influenced the writing of this treatise about three years later.Besides, the indulgences would have provided false hope in addition to depriving the poor of the little money they had.This indeed may be viewed as an understanding of salvation through good works.Of course, from the Treatise on Good Works itself, there is little that explicitly suggests this view. Prayer in the Explanation of the Third Commandment in the Treatise on Good WorksThe concept of prayer that Luther raises in his explanation of the Third Commandment is given in the context of the Treatise on Good Works.In this treatise, Luther attempts to provide a new understanding of good works in a context where ". . .designated acts of religious devotion and charity . . .made up for sins committed by believers" were ". . .considered meritorious for salvation." 3Luther problematizes this thinking as he builds his argument on Augustine of Hippo who had maintained that any supposedly "good works" would be considered rather sinful if not founded on faith. 4 Luther and his colleagues often shocked contemporaries by their approach to good works, especially the belief that they do not contribute anything to one's salvation.Further, they recognized that the Ten Commandments (the actual subject of this treatise) were only for worldly Christians while the "perfecti" (ones under a vow whose works were deemed higher) also followed the socalled "evangelical counsels."Unfortunately, this thinking was sometimes taken a bit to the extreme to mean that Christians were exempt "from obligation to perform any good works at all."However, Urbanus Rhegius, one of the evangelical preachers, is quoted by Wengert as saying "And if praying, fasting, holy days, and almsgiving are not required, then we will lie near the stove, warm our feet on its tiles, turn the roasting apples, open our mouths, and wait until grilled doves fly into them" 5 a statement which sarcastically reacted to this extreme view.1 Munyengetero Mtata is a Lutheran Pastor in the Zimbabwean Lutheran Church, currently serving at Good Shepherd Lutheran in Saskatoon, SK. 2
Novel Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Protein Extraction Method for Pottery Residues and Archeological Implications

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Proteomic analysis of absorbed residues is increasingly used to identify the foodstuffs processed in ancient ceramic vessels, but detailed methodological investigations in this field remain rare. Here, we present three interlinked methodological developments with important consequences in paleoproteomics: the comparative absorption and identification of various food proteins, the application of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) for extracting ceramic-bound proteins, and the role of database choice in taxonomic identification. Our experiments with modern and ethnoarcheological ceramics show that DES is generally more effective at extracting ceramic-bound proteins than guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl), and cereal proteins are absorbed and subsequently extracted and identifiedat least as readily as meat proteins. We also highlight some of the challenges in cross-species proteomics, whereby species that are less well-represented in databases can be attributed an incorrect species-level taxonomic assignment due to interspecies similarities in protein sequence. This is particularly problematic in potentially mixed samples such as cooking-generated organic residues deposited in pottery. Our work demonstrates possible proteomic separation of fishes and birds, the latter of which have so far eluded detection through lipidomic analyses of organic residue deposits in pottery, which has important implications for tracking the exploitation of avian species in various ancient communities around the globe.
[Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mechanical ventilation is the essential treatment for acute respiratory failure. The methods used differ greatly depending on whether one chooses invasive or noninvasive. Noninvasive ventilation avoids orotracheal intubation, facilitates weaning and, if negative pressure ventilation is integrated with positive pressure ventilation, the majority of patients will not need intubated. The ideal setting for mechanical ventilation, where possible, is the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit.
Pediatrics, Springfield, Ill

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sex determination in lions (Panthera leo, Felidae): a novel method of distinguishing male and female skulls

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Examination of skulls and mandibles reveals a consistent and previously undocumented means of distinguishing sex in lions (Panthera leo), on the basis of a phenomenon unique among Carnivora. Male lions show a pattern of increased pore-like porosity in the maxillary region, superficial and proximal to the root of the upper canine teeth. Although some porosity is present in females, pores are less common, smaller, less obvious and primarily restricted to the bulge in the maxilla that marks the root of the upper canine tooth. Increased porosity (fine pores) is also a gender-independent feature of young individuals. This feature remains prominent throughout the lives of males, whereas porosity diminishes as females approach adult size. Juvenile male lions show a rapid increase in head size, correlated with the time immediately prior to dispersal from the natal pride. Specifically, increases in the rate of growth of cranial features, including the dentition and facial musculature are reflected in these changes. The rapid alteration of these features in maturing male lions indicates readiness to compete for social status with adult pride males. It is hypothesized that maxillary porosity is the anatomical correlate of this phenomenon.
Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of Diabetes Literacy, Numeracy, and Knowledge Tools in the Arabic Context

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the Literacy Assessment for Diabetes (LAD), the Diabetes Numeracy Test (DNT), and the Simplified Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT) in the Arabic language and context. Methods: Three hundred eighty four, ≥18-year-old patients with type 1, type 2, or gestational diabetes mellitus were recruited from 3 endocrinology clinics in the United Arab Emirates. Exploratory factor analysis using principal component was performed. Achieved scores were compared using Pearson bivariate correlation. Results: All 60 LAD items loaded on 1 factor accounting for 66.7% of the variance, with internal consistency α = .991. Average score = 68.7%. Nineteen out of 26 items were retained on the DNT and grouped into 4 factors, prescription reading and directions, proper dose coverage, nutrition, and insulin, with good internal consistency (α = .721). Average score = 73.2%. All 20 DKT items loaded on 3 factors accounting for 41.2% of the variance, causes and consequences of the high blood sugar level, prevention of the disease, and misconceptions about diabetes self-management, with good internal consistency (α = .799). Average score = 71.9%. A moderate and significant correlation between the DKT and DNT ( r = .56, P < .001) was observed. Conclusions: Three tools to assess diabetes literacy, numeracy, and knowledge were psychometrically tested to establish their validity and reliability in the Arabic language and context. The tools could be used to assess patient skills and competence in navigating the health care system and managing their diabetes.
General Practice To-marrow

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Services of the Armed Forces.Next came the procession of the President and Officers of the B.M.A., with the Association's mace, which was placed on the high altar, then the Cathedral choir and clergy, followed by the civic procession.Finally to the fanfare of trumpets the Duchess of Gloucester entered, preceded by the Lord Lieutenant of the County, Lord Ashburton, and accompanied by the Lord Bishop and the Dean of Winchester.After the Dean of Westminster had delivered his address, and after an anthem and prayer, there were four lections from the New Testament, read from different parts of the Cathedral so that the congregation could
An Empirical Research on the Structure of Public Expenditure and Economic Growth¡ªEvidence from China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper takes the relationship between public expenditure structure and economic growth as the object of study. By using evidence from China, it analyzes how the Chinese Government should promote economic growth by the optimization of public expenditure structure when facing with a decline in the growth of fiscal revenue. The main conclusions of the paper are as follows: The impact of public expenditure structure on economic growth not only depends on the output elasticity of the item of expenditure, but also on its initial share. When the initial share is oversized, it will make an item of expenditure which appears to be productive become non-productive. For China, the proportions of economic construction expenditure and administrative expenditure have a significant negative effect on long-term economic growth; the social expenditure on culture and education has a significant positive effect on long-term economic growth.
Organizing cultural dimensions within and across six frameworks: A human development perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper aims to organize and classify cultural dimensions within and across six widely‐employed cultural frameworks by relying on modernization theory and the human development perspective. The study adopts a 4‐stage approach. In stage 1, the cultural dimensions in each framework are dichotomized. In stage 2, using Aristotelian categories, cultural dimensions are divided into meaningful hierarchical categories based on their essential features. In stage 3, cultural dimensions are organized according to modernization theory and human development perspective. In stage 4, the inter‐correlations are calculated, and an integrative model of cultural dimensions is proposed. The paper offers insights into the dynamics of cultural values and discusses the relationship between culture, social change, human development, and modernization.