jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Digital Microfluidics Automation of Oligonucleotide Assemblies

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Digital microfluidics can be used to reliably automate repeated ligation steps to create accurate DNA products. This investigation demonstrates assembly of single-stranded and double-stranded DNA products on digital microfluidics devices. It also presents simple, low-cost methods to integrate on-chip incubation on a commonly used digital microfluidic platform. This work presents the ligation of single-stranded and double-stranded DNA products in droplets surrounded in oil and air with on-chip and off-chip incubations. Successful assembly of DNA products was determined by verifying that the size of on-chip DNA products was equal to benchtop controls. This suggests that digital microfluidic devices are a suitable platform for automated assembly of DNA products in a variety of biomedical applications.
Electrochemistry of Polypyrrole and Poly(N-methylpyrrole) and their DNA Composites.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Electrochemistry has undergone a transition since the discovery of electrochemical polymerization of conducting polymers on the electrode surface. These films can be modified in order to give electrodes unique capabilities. This thesis presents an intensive study of novel conducting polymers based on the use of polypyrrole and poly(N-methylpyrrole), and new counter ions, single-stranded and double-stranded DNA. This research has established the polymerization kinetics which now allows the films on the electrode surface to be modified in order to perform specific tasks. The alternating current impedance of the films has been determined to understand their equivalent circuit parameters. EQCM presents a more thorough understanding of ion movement into and out of the film. A new biosensor composed of poly(N-methylpyrrole), ssDNA, and GOx is presented. This glucose oxidase sensor has short response times and holds promise of being able to determine glucose concentration in a human blood sample without addition preparation.
Bach1 : A possible player in HbE/beta thalassaemia?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The basic leucine zipper transcription factor 1 (Bach1) is known to be among the crucial molecules that has the ability to regulate gene expression when faced with oxidative stress. HbE/ beta thalassaemia patients have increased oxidative stress due to the presence of reactive oxygen species formed as a result of precipitation of excess alpha globins. A total of 62 suspected HbE/β-thalassaemia individuals from Thalassaemia Clinic of Hospital Ampang were collected. Only 47 samples could be used in our study after performing an exclusion exercise. Full blood count was performed. HbE/beta-thalassaemia screening was done via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) while plasma ferritin study was performed to exclude iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). As for genomic studies, PCR were carried out to identify alpha and beta mutations, if any. Gene expression analysis using TaqMan real-time PCR was used to study Bach1, HO-1 and various globin gene expressions. Bach1 expression was significantly correlated to reticulocytes count, age, HO-1, alpha-, gamma- and beta globin gene expression. The positive correlation of Bach1 expression with age could be due to the increasing oxidative stress caused by natural cellular ageing process. Excess precipitated alpha chains and unstable beta globin chains cause Bach1 expression to increase whereas Bach1 is correlated indirectly with gamma globin chains to ameliorate the clinical severity of HbE/ beta thalassaemia. The compensatory mechanism of Bach1 trying to counter-react with the increased reticulocyte counts and the indirect link of Bach1 with HO-1 as a cytoprotective vehicle further substantiate the role of Bach1 in modifying the phenotypic severity in HbE/ beta thalassaemia. Bach1 could well be a potential modifier by modifying the clinical severity among HbE/beta thalassaemia patients as it has the ability to regulate the globins genes and the level of oxidative stress produced.
Amplitude, phase, and polarization control with a single spatial light modulator

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Point spread function engineering is usually accomplished by controlling the amplitude, phase and/or polarization of the pupil fields. We analyze and test an optical design for full amplitude, phase, and polarization control of the pupil fields using a single spatial light modulator. In our scheme, the beam is spatially split into four components whose relative phases provide the four degrees of freedom necessary for amplitude, phase, and polarization control.
Overlay/Underlay Waveform Design for Enhancing Spectrum Efficiency in Cognitive Radio

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this chapter, we presented a novel soft decision cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access paradigm which exploits not only the unused spectrum holes, but also the underused spectrum bands to maximize performance and channel capacity for secondary cognitive users. We reviewed commonly used multi-carrier based enabling waveforms for cognitive radio. We then extended the SMSE framework to generate such overlay, underlay, and hybrid overlay/underlay waveforms to support the soft decision cognitive radio. Performance analysis and simulation results over AWGN and fading channels were then presented to confirm the performance gain of the novel system.
Altered Expression and Activity of Topoisomerases During All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Differentiation of HL-60 Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Regulation of topoisomerase II (TOPO II) isozymes  and β is influenced by the growth and transformation state of cells. Using HL-60 cells induced to differentiate by all-trans retinoic acid (RA), we have investigated the expression and regulation of TOPO II isozymes as well as the levels of topoisomerase I (TOPO I). During RA-induced differentiation of human leukemia HL-60 cells, levels of TOPO I remained unchanged, whereas the levels and phosphorylation of TOPO II and TOPO IIβ proteins were increased twofold to fourfold and fourfold to eightfold, respectively. The elevation of TOPO II ( and β) protein levels and phosphorylation was apparent at 48 hours of treatment with RA and persisted through 96 hours. The increased level of TOPO IIβ protein was also detected in differentiated cells subsequently cultured for 96 hours in RA-free medium. Pulse chase experiments in cells labeled with 35S-methionine showed that the rate of degradation of TOPO IIβ protein in control cells was about twofold faster than that in the differentiated RA-treated cells. The level of decatenation activity of kDNA was comparable in nuclear extracts from control or RA-treated cells. Whereas etoposide (1 to 10 μmol/L) -induced DNA cleavage was not significantly different, apoptosis was significantly lower (P = .012) in RA-treated versus control cells after exposure to 10 μmol/L etoposide. Consistent with unaltered levels of TOPO I, camptothecin (CPT) -induced DNA cleavage was similar in control or RA-treated cells. However, apoptosis after exposure to 1 to 10 μmol/L CPT was significantly lower (P = .003 to P < .001) in RA-treated versus control cells. Results suggest that TOPO IIβ protein levels are posttranscriptionally regulated and that degradation of TOPO IIβ is decreased during RA-induced differentiation. Furthermore, whereas the total level of TOPO II ( + β) is increased with RA, the level of TOPO II catalytic activity and etoposide-stabilized DNA cleavage activity remains unaltered. Thus, TOPO IIβ may have a specific role in transcription of genes involved in differentiation with RA treatment. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
Thermoelastic generation of ultrasound using an erbium doped fiber amplifier

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Two-dimensional phased arrays for high frequency (>30 MHz) ultrasonic imaging are difficult to construct using piezoelectric technology. A promising alternative involves optical generation of ultrasound, where an array element is defined by the size and location of a laser beam. The thermoelastic effect can be used to generate broadband ultrasound by optical absorption of an amplitude modulated laser pulse. The authors have built a fiber based optical amplifier to amplify pulses from a modulated diode laser to peak powers sufficient to generate ultrasound detectable with conventional transducers. These results demonstrate the potential of the fiber amplifier approach for high frequency optoacoustic arrays.
Optimizing Worker Selection in Collaborative Mobile Crowdsourcing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile crowdsourcing (MCS) is a promising way to monitor urban-scale data by leveraging the crowds' power and has attracted much attention recently. How to recruit suitable workers for requesters to perform the published sensing tasks is always a crucial problem and also a research hotspot. Many attempts have been made in past literature to maximize social welfare or to motivate workers to participate in the mobile crowdsourcing (MCS). However, most existing works do not consider the individual sensing quality requirements of tasks, which may not be suitable for some special scenarios, such as monitoring tasks of locations with different importance levels. In this work, we investigate the optimal worker selection problem for collaborative MCS, in which we study the recruitment cost minimization problem to meet individual sensing quality requirements of tasks for the requester-centric MCS, as well as the profit maximization problem for the platform-centric MCS. Both of the studied problems are proved to be NP-hard, and thus we design corresponding approximation algorithms for them. Specifically, to solve the recruitment cost minimization problem for requester-centric MCS, we design two different polynomial time algorithms, both of which have performance guarantees. For the profit maximization problem for platform-centric MCS, we introduce a double-greedy-based algorithm and then use the iterative pruning technique to ensure the performance guarantee of our algorithm with a much weaker condition. Finally, we evaluate our algorithms through numerical simulation experiments and validate the effectiveness of our designs by comparing them with baselines under different parameter settings.
Swiss judge orders HIV positive woman to disclose partners' names

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A Swiss court has ordered an HIV positive woman who had unprotected consensual sex to name all her sexual partners and to keep the list updated. It also gave her a suspended prison sentence.

HIV and AIDS support groups have criticised the court's interpretation of a Swiss law designed to combat epidemics so that it would apply to people infected with HIV. Lawyers also warned of the complicated legal issues in forcing a person to hand over such sensitive …
A Study on the Perceptions of University Student Mentors and Institutional Personnel Participating in Multicultural Mentoring Support Projects - The Case of Daegu Catholic University

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study explores how to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of multicultural mentoring by comparing the perceptions of college student mentors and institutional staff. Based on surveys and interviews at Daegu Catholic University, student mentors viewed multicultural children as equals and focused on academic support and building relationships. In contrast, institutional staff emphasized holistic care, including emotional, cultural, and career-related support, viewing the children as needing comprehensive assistance. Qualitative analysis showed student mentors favored relational approaches, while staff called for stronger programs and expanded mentor training. Despite these differences, both groups agreed on the need to improve matching systems, enhance pre-training and discussions, and strengthen the university’s central role in the system. These findings underline the importance of a university-led collaboration model to align stakeholder perspectives and support more effective and lasting mentoring practices.
Obtaining seeds of meadow clover in the Lower Volga region under irrigation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. The purpose of the experiment was to develop a technology for cultivating meadow clover under irrigation to obtain the planned seed yields in the conditions of the Lower Volga region. Research methods. Field experiments, records and observations were carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methods of experimental work. As a result of the research, it was found that the total water consumption of clover crops varied over the years of the herbage life and depended on the given pre-irrigation threshold of soil moisture. It was highest in the variants with the maintenance of the 70 % pre-flood threshold: 3.6–3.9, the lowest 2.7–3.1 thousand m3/ha in the variants with the 60 % humidity threshold. With the differentiation of humidity by the development phases, the total water consumption varied from 3.1 to 3.5 thousand m3/ha. The share of irrigation water in the structure of total water consumption was 60.6–72.7 % according to the experimental variants. The leaf area depended on the water and nutrient regimes of the soil: it reached the maximum values in the variants with a 70 % pre-irrigation threshold of humidity and fertilization. In comparison with the increase in biomass, the seed productivity of clover was less dependent on the photosynthetic potential and assimilation surface. The highest seed yields were formed in the variants with improved nutrition background and maintenance of a differentiated irrigation regime – 280–730 kg / ha. The accumulation of a significant amount of root mass by clover had a positive effect on improving the ecological state of the irrigated area: the water-physical properties of the soil improved, and nutrients accumulated in it. Scientific novelty. In the conditions of the Lower Volga region, the dependence of the seed productivity of clover on the availability of water and nutrients, on the age of the herbage, was revealed. Their optimal combination is determined for the production of seed yields at the level of 400–700 kg/ha.
Critical Success Factors in Lean Implementation – A Maltese Context

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

For the past 30 years, Lean has become popular throughout organisations across the globe. Based on the Toyota Production System (TPS), Lean is a proven systematic methodology to reduce waste in processes, optimise efficiency and ensure quality in the end products. Although Lean has been proven to be a successful methodology, it also has a high failure rate. Research has identified a range of critical success factors (CSF) that are crucial towards the successful implementation of Lean. This research endeavour takes a qualitative approach, using Grounded Theory (GT) to investigate Lean implementation in Maltese organisations and to determine whether established CSFs are applicable to the Maltese context. Participants from the manufacturing, catering, and logistics industries are interviewed, with the data coded and analysed using MAXQDA2020. The findings suggest the importance of leadership as a catalyst in driving change within an organisation to foster a culture of continuous improvement.
A spectral analysis of the 21 May 1997, Jabalpur, India, earthquake (Mw= 5.8) and estimation of ground motion from future earthquakes in the Indian shield region

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Jabalpur earthquake (23.08° N, 80.06° E, H = 36 km) is the first event in the Indian Peninsular shield region to be well recorded by a newly installed, 10-station, broadband seismographic network. Using these data, we estimate Q of Lg wave in the Indian shield region as Q = 508ƒ0.48 (1 ≦ ƒ ≦ 20 Hz). The corrected source spectrum, with M0 = 5.4 × 1024 dyne-cm (reported in the Harvard CMT catalog) and an ω2-source model, requires a stress parameter, Δσp, of ∼420 bar to explain high-frequency spectral level. The computed seismic energy from the records is 7.4 × 1020 erg, which yields an apparent stress and Brune stress drop of 62 and 270 bars, respectively. The analysis of the Jabalpur earthquake provides some elements for the estimation of ground motions during future earthquakes in the Indian shield region. Based on the results of the Jabalpur earthquake and on studies of tectonically similar region of eastern North America, we assume that (1) the sources follow an ω2 model; (2) S waves dominate at R &lt; 100 km, and Lg waves dominate at R ≧ 100 km; (3) Q(f) = 508ƒ0.48; (4) the ground motion is a bandlimited, finite-duration, Gaussian white noise; and (5) the effective duration of the ground motion equals ƒ−1c + 0.05R, where fc is the corner frequency. We apply random vibration theory (RVT) to compute various measures of ground motion, such as Amax and Vmax. At near-source distances, the source finiteness is approximately taken into account. The attenuation curves for 5.5 ≦ Mw ≦ 7 and for Δσp of 100-400 bar are presented. As expected, the predicted values (with Δσp ∼ 420 bar) agree reasonably well with the limited Jabalpur data. An Amax of ∼150 gal is predicted in the epicentral region of this earthquake. The predicted curves imply Δσp ≦ 100 bar for the Latur earthquake of 1993 (Mw = 6.1; H = 2.5 km) to explain Amax &lt; 1 g and the reported isoseismal intensities in the epicentral region. For Koyna earthquake of 1967 (Mw 6.3), the inferred Amax and Vmax from isoseismal intensities and the recorded strong motions at the Koyna dam site are in agreement with the prediction curves for Δσp ∼ 100 bar. The RVT predictions seem reasonable but need validation from more strong-motion data, which is presently lacking.
Analysis of a fractional pollution model in a system of three interconnecting lakes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

<abstract> <p>Water pollution is a critical global concern that demands ongoing scrutiny and revision of water resource policies at all levels to safeguard a healthy living environment. In this study, we focus on examining the dynamics of a fractional-order model involving three interconnected lakes, utilizing the Caputo differential operator. The aim is to investigate the issue of lake pollution by analyzing a system of linear equations that represent the interconnecting waterways. To numerically solve the model, we employ two methods: The Laplace transform with the Adomian decomposition method (LADM) and the Homotopy perturbation method (HPM). We compare the obtained numerical solutions from both methods and present the results. The study encompasses three variations of the model: the periodic input model, the exponentially decaying input model, and the linear input model. MATLAB is employed to conduct numerical simulations for the proposed scheme, considering various fractional orders. The numerical results are further supported by informative graphical illustrations. Through simulation, we validate the suitability of the proposed model for addressing the issue at hand. The outcomes of this research contribute to the understanding and management of water pollution, aiding policymakers and researchers in formulating effective strategies for maintaining water quality and protecting our environment.</p> </abstract>
Glucose hypometabolism in primary visual cortex is commonly associated with clinical features of dementia with Lewy bodies regardless of cognitive conditions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Although metabolic reduction in the primary visual cortex on [ 18 F]‐fluoro‐ d ‐glucose (FDG) positron emission tomographic (PET) scans is the hallmark of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) for differential diagnosis from Alzheimer's disease, the clinical significance of the metabolic pattern in patients without dementia remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical profiles of patients without dementia with the metabolic pattern and its relevance to DLB. Methods Of 145 individuals who underwent 18 F‐FDG PET, 25 patients with glucose hypometabolism in the primary visual cortex were identified based on three‐dimensional stereotactic surface projection images through comparison with a normative database. The frequency of core and suggestive clinical features of DLB was compared between the groups with and without the metabolic pattern. Results Of 25 patients with glucose hypometabolism in the primary visual cortex, 12 exhibited more than two core features of DLB (probable DLB group) and 6 had rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (possible DLB group). Three patients exhibited memory loss without any core or suggestive features but with reduced cardiac iodine‐123 metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake. Ten of these 21 patients exhibited no dementia. The proportion of individuals in the probable and possible DLB groups was significantly higher in the group with glucose hypometabolism in the primary visual cortex. Conclusion Glucose hypometabolism in the primary visual cortex is commonly associated with the clinical features of DLB regardless of cognitive conditions. Continued follow‐up of these patients without dementia with the metabolic pattern is warranted to determine if they represent the prodromal state of DLB. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why people gamble: a model with five motivational dimensions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A motivational model of gambling participation is presented. The model comprises five motivational dimensions: the dream of hitting the jackpot and transforming one's life, social rewards, intellectual challenge, mood change induced by playing, and -- the fundamental motive for all gambling -- the chance of winning. The model is primarily applicable to leisure gambling in contemporary western societies, but also helps us understand problem gambling. The model integrates the wide variety of motives individuals have for gambling and makes it possible to understand the specific appeal of gambling relative to other leisure activities. Gambling taps into human biopsychology, easily evokes powerful psychological processes, and connects with profound cultural meanings.
The problem of the Fourth gospel

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Preface Introductory 1. 'The Gospel According to St John' 2. Approximate date of the Gospel 3. Authorship in tradition 4. Internal evidence i. Direct evidence ii. Indirect evidence 5. The Johannine and the Synoptic representation: i. Chronology ii. Scene of the ministry iii. John the Baptist iv. Miracle v. The discourses vi. The Synoptic and Johannine portraits of Jesus Summary and conclusions 6. The self-dating of the Fourth Gospel 7. Literary structure of the Gospel 8. The making of the Fourth Gospel 9. Then - and now Excursus 1: the death of John son of Zebedee Excursus 2: the beloved disciple.
Self‐Templating Amphiphilic Polymer Precursors for Fabricating Mesostructured Silica Particles: A Water‐Based Facile and Universal Method (Adv. Mater. 7/2013)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

On page 1017, Martin Möller, Xiaomin Zhu, and co-workers report a facile and universal approach for the preparation of silica particles of various mesostructures based on the self-assembly of amphiphilic precursor polymers in water and subsequent condensation. Depending on the hydrophilization degree of hyperbranched polyethoxysiloxane, various silica morphologies including mesoporous particles, hollow nanospheres and ultrasmall particles with high application potential can be fabricated.