jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Content-Based Publish-Subscribe Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The development of distributed application in mobile ad hoc network faces great challenges. Accordingly, it has important significance to introduce the content-based publish/subscribe middleware. First this paper defines subscription language and event model containing event type domain. Then it proposes a novel content-based routing protocol which establishes an optimized dynamic multicast mesh and propagates events only to the matched subscription nodes so that unnecessarily propagation of events are confined. Based this protocol, an efficient content-based publish/subscribe system can be constructed. The experiment results show that the protocol can decrease the total cost of the network, save more bandwidth, improve the scalability and performance of the system.
VALUING PROCESSES

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Conventional economic theory assumes that people care only about ultimate outcomes and are indifferent to the decision and allocation processes by which outcomes are brought about. Building on Sen (1997), I relax this assumption, and investigate the formal and philosophical issues that arise. I extend the formal apparatus of preference theory to analyse how processes may enter preferences, and investigate whether traditional invariance requirements like the Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference are still satisfied in this new setting. I show that it is, provided certain conditions of separability hold, and I discuss the plausibility of these conditions. Further, I argue that processes are often valued in a mode that diverges from the conventional modes of instrumental and intrinsic/independent valuation. I introduce the notion of dependent non-instrumental valuation , and show how processes could depend on their instrumental function for their value – making their value dependent – and yet derive their value from something else – making it non-instrumental. Dependent non-instrumental value, I argue, can be explained by symbolic and evidential relations between processes and outcomes.
Expression and Significance of Interleukin 1α mRNA in Colorectal Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Quantitative analysis for the relative mRNA expression of interleukin 1α ( IL-1α ) in colorectal cancer and cancer-adjacent tissues, the clinical significance of which will be investigated. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the relative mRNA levels of IL-1α in 42 colorectal cancer tissues and corresponding cancer-adjacent tissues, statistically analyzing the co-relation of IL-1α mRNA levels with the differentiation, clinical stages and metastatic status of cancer. The relative content of IL-1α mRNA in colorectal tissues was 1.18 ± 0.80, and that in cancer-adjacent tissues was 0.74 ± 0.49, with a significant difference between the two groups ( t =-3.12, P =0.003). The relative content of IL-1α mRNA in advance-staged (stage III-IV) colorectal cancer tissues was 1.50 ± 0.93, which was significantly higher than that in early-staged colorectal cancer tissues (1.50 ± 0.93 vs. 0.89 ± 0.52, t =-2.67, P =0.01). The relative content of IL-1α mRNA in metastatic colorectal cancer tissues was 1.59 ± 0.90, which was significantly higher than that in non-metastatic colorectal cancer tissues (1.59 ± 0.90 vs. 0.84 ± 0.50, P =0.002). Expression of IL-1α mRNA in colorectal cancer tissues is significantly elevated, and has a positive co-relation with the clinical stages and metastatic status, suggesting IL-1α might play a role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer.
Schooling in Renaissance Italy: Literacy and Learning, 1300-1600. By Paul F. Grendler (Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989. xxiii + 477 pp. $45.00)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Schooling in Renaissance Italy: Literacy and Learning, 1300–1600. By Paul F. Grendler (Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989. xxiii + 477 pp. $45.00) Get access John A. Marino John A. Marino University of California, San Diego Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Social History, Volume 25, Issue 1, Fall 1991, Pages 180–182, https://doi.org/10.1353/jsh/25.1.180 Published: 01 October 1991
Nutritional Disorders and Food Development: Problems and Potential Solutions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Copyright: © 2012 Baianu IC. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Nutrition-related disorders are increasingly wide-spread in the United States of America and the European Union. There are major concerns about the recent rise in obesity-related diseases, such as type II diabetes, as well as heart diseases, especially coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis. The latter is the number one cause of deaths in the Western World.
Novel Use of Ring Strain to Control Regioselectivity:  Alkene-Directed, Palladium-Catalyzed Allylation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNovel Use of Ring Strain to Control Regioselectivity: Alkene-Directed, Palladium-Catalyzed AllylationMarie E. Krafft, Masaharu Sugiura, and Khalil A. AbboudView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390 Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 37, 9174–9175Publication Date (Web):August 22, 2001Publication History Received19 June 2001Revised23 July 2001Published online22 August 2001Published inissue 1 September 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja016446cCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views912Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (43 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Allylation,Hydrocarbons,Ligands,Organic compounds,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
Shape DNA: Basic Generating Functions for Geometric Moment Invariants

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Geometric moment invariants (GMIs) have been widely used as basic tool in shape analysis and information retrieval. Their structure and characteristics determine efficiency and effectiveness. Two fundamental building blocks or generating functions (GFs) for invariants are discovered, which are dot product and vector product of point vectors in Euclidean space. The primitive invariants (PIs) can be derived by carefully selecting different products of GFs and calculating the corresponding multiple integrals, which translates polynomials of coordinates of point vectors into geometric moments. Then the invariants themselves are expressed in the form of product of moments. This procedure is just like DNA encoding proteins. All GMIs available in the literature can be decomposed into linear combinations of PIs. This paper shows that Hu's seven well known GMIs in computer vision have a more deep structure, which can be further divided into combination of simpler PIs. In practical uses, low order independent GMIs are of particular interest. In this paper, a set of PIs for similarity transformation and affine transformation in 2D are presented, which are simpler to use, and some of which are newly reported. The discovery of the two generating functions provides a new perspective of better understanding shapes in 2D and 3D Euclidean spaces, and the method proposed can be further extended to higher dimensional spaces and different manifolds, such as curves, surfaces and so on.
Design of Civil Aircraft Lithium Battery Management System and Study of Common Failure Countermeasures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Since the onboard battery management system does not meet the requirements of the aircraft in terms of voltage level, transmission rate and dissimilarity design, it is necessary to design an onboard battery management system for civil aircraft. Real-time monitoring of the voltage, charge-discharge current, and temperature of a single cell is achieved by hardware-in-loop simulations and physical experiments, and the balancing, charge-discharge, fault, and alarm detection functions of a single cell are tested. The results show that the system is able to handle faults and anomalous states in a timely manner and the sampling, charge-discharge and equalization functions are normal. With its superior accuracy and real-time performance, the system can effectively ensure the safety and reliability of civil aircraft batteries.
Environmental innovation inertia: Analyzing the business circumstances for environmental process and product innovations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract We categorize the environmental innovations used in the environmental management and innovation management literature into two types: environmental process and product innovations. By using objective measurements of internal and external business circumstances from a large‐scale survey of manufacturing firms in Korea, we investigate whether firms delay adoption of specific environmental innovations and if so how to overcome the passive nature of environmental innovation activities. The main findings are as follows. Both low operational performance and high export intensity are likely to lead to environmental process innovations. On the contrary, they do not play a significant role in increasing environmental product innovations. Instead, environmental product innovations take place under normative pressure. These results contribute to the “it pays to be green” and true sustainability discussion by examining the business environmental fit of a focal firm—either with environmental process innovations or with environmental product innovations.
A Tropics of Estrangement: Ghurba in Four Scenes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay traces the ambivalent work of ghurba (estrangement, exile, alienation) across four ethnographic scenes: Orthodox Christian activists in austerity Beirut refuse to abandon the corrupted world; a Syrian Islamic scholar in Jordan insists on the patient work of rehabilitation; Orthodox ascetics in a monastic community outside Tripoli turn to the hidden alienation borne in the world; and a Muslim calligrapher in Canada relinquishes the guarantee of ethical relation. Taken together, these scenes form a tableau of estrangement in the shared vocabulary of Eastern Christianity and Islam. Drawing on Ibn Khaldun's Muqaddimah–in its articulations of soul, community, and world always already shadowed by their undoing–we then situate these four scenes along spatio-temporal axes of destruction and production, city and desert, paradise and hellfire: a purgatorial topology which modulates what Agamben calls the contemporary destruction of experience.
New developments in burn management.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent understanding of the effects of topical antimicrobials on cells that heal the wound, the role of infection, and new understandings of the role of occlusive 'biological dressings' have resulted in a more rational treatment protocol for burn wounds. With improvements in the resuscitation and intensive management of severe burns, more patients survive the initial effects of the injury, resulting in developments to close a large burn wound, which include expanding the patient's own skin to cover those large areas.
School of Psychiatric Nursing, Aro, Abeokuta,2023/2024 NURSING ADMISSION FORM is out now call ☎(07066280862) - (07066280862)DR Anita The Management of the school hereby inform the general public on the sales of the general Nursing Admission form 07066280862 into the School of Nursing .And also the sales of two (2) years Post Basic Nursing Programme. contact the school Admin. DR Anita on ☎07066280862 for more details on how to purchase the form and register online

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

School of Psychiatric Nursing, Aro, Abeokuta,2023/2024 NURSING ADMISSION FORM is out now call ☎️(07066280862) - (07066280862)DR Anita The Management of the school hereby inform the general public on the sales of the general Nursing Admission form 07066280862 into the School of Nursing .And also the sales of two (2) years Post Basic Nursing Programme. contact the school Admin. DR Anita on ☎️07066280862 for more details on how to purchase the form and register online
The cytoskeletal architecture of the presynaptic terminal and molecular structure of synapsin 1.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We have examined the cytoskeletal architecture and its relationship with synaptic vesicles in synapses by quick-freeze deep-etch electron microscopy (QF.DE). The main cytoskeletal elements in the presynaptic terminals (neuromuscular junction, electric organ, and cerebellar cortex) were actin filaments and microtubules. The actin filaments formed a network and frequently were associated closely with the presynaptic plasma membranes and active zones. Short, linking strands approximately 30 nm long were found between actin and synaptic vesicles, between microtubules and synaptic vesicles. Fine strands (30-60 nm) were also found between synaptic vesicles. Frequently spherical structures existed in the middle of the strands between synaptic vesicles. Another kind of strand (approximately 100 nm long, thinner than the actin filaments) between synaptic vesicles and plasma membranes was also observed. We have examined the molecular structure of synapsin 1 and its relationship with actin filaments, microtubules, and synaptic vesicles in vitro using the low angle rotary shadowing technique and QF.DE. The synapsin 1, approximately 47 nm long, was composed of a head (approximately 14 nm diam) and a tail (approximately 33 nm long), having a tadpole-like appearance. The high resolution provided by QF.DE revealed that a single synapsin 1 cross-linked actin filaments and linked actin filaments with synaptic vesicles, forming approximately 30-nm short strands. The head was on the actin and the tail was attached to the synaptic vesicle or actin filament. Microtubules were also cross-linked by a single synapsin 1, which also connected a microtubule to synaptic vesicles, forming approximately 30 nm strands. The spherical head was on the microtubules and the tail was attached to the synaptic vesicles or to microtubules. Synaptic vesicles incubated with synapsin 1 were linked with each other via fine short fibrils and frequently we identified spherical structures from which two or three fibril radiated and cross-linked synaptic vesicles. We have examined the localization of synapsin 1 using ultracryomicrotomy and colloidal gold-immunocytochemistry of anti-synapsin 1 IgG. Synapsin 1 was exclusively localized in the regions occupied by synaptic vesicles. Statistical analyses indicated that synapsin 1 is located mostly at least approximately 30 nm away from the presynaptic membrane. These data derived via three different approaches suggest that synapsin 1 could be a main element of short linkages between actin filaments and synaptic vesicles, and between microtubules and synaptic vesicles, and between synaptic vesicles in the nerve terminals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Mapping and analysis of the reactive power balance in the South Zealand part of the Danish transmission system network

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the reactive power balance of the Zealand part of the Danish transmission system network (DK2) will be investigated and the specific finding and recommendation, with specific emphasis on the southern part of the DK2 network, will be presented. The investigation used Energinet’s full scale PowerFactory model of DK2 together with a complete data collected from Energinet’s SCADA system over a period from 01-01-2016 to 20-08-2017.The etwork in Denmark has slowly changed from a predominantlyinductive-, to a predominantlycapacitive network. These changes have a pronounced effect on the reactive power balance, in the transmission network. Energinet is the only Transmission System Operator (TSO), and the distribution network has been split into different Distribution System Operators (DSOs) with a superficial boundary of 100kV.The analysis in this project was done by investigating the reactive power flow in steady state, this means that there will not be done any dynamic analysis, and there will only be qualified assumptions to this regard. The traditional way of analysing the reactive power requirement, is to calculate an upper limit for the reactive power flow between the distribution network and the transmission network. In this paper the focus will be on more holistic approach where the QV-analysis technique will be used to determine the amount of needed compensation and the best possible location on where the reactive compensation needs to be performed.
Big Data ethics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The speed of development in Big Data and associated phenomena, such as social media, has surpassed the capacity of the average consumer to understand his or her actions and their knock-on effects. We are moving towards changes in how ethics has to be perceived: away from individual decisions with specific and knowable outcomes, towards actions by many unaware that they may have taken actions with unintended consequences for anyone. Responses will require a rethinking of ethical choices, the lack thereof and how this will guide scientists, governments, and corporate agencies in handling Big Data. This essay elaborates on the ways Big Data impacts on ethical conceptions.
Extensions and Limitations of the Counterfactual Test

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Chapter 12 discusses additional ways in which counterfactual reasoning is used to investigate explanatory relationships under determinism, and how it can be applied in the context of indeterminism. While the reconstruction of counterfactual reasoning in Chapter 11 assumes the transitivity of explanation, Chapter 12 shows that this controversial thesis is in fact dispensable. Whereas Chapters 10 and 11 explain why counterfactual dependence often provides good evidence for explanatory connections, Chapter 12 shows that the theory also predicts and explains those cases where explanation and counterfactual dependence come apart. That is a distinctive advantage of this account, which regards causation and explanation as more fundamental than counterfactuals, over many theories that rest on the opposite view.
Improving the quality of real -time applications through path switching

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although the current best-effort Internet cannot readily provide the service guarantees that real-time applications often require, path switching can potentially address this problem without resorting to the more complex network QoS mechanisms. The idea is to allow the application to dynamically select the path that carries its traffic, leveraging the robustness to performance variations provided by multiple connectivity options (e.g., multihoming or overlay networks). In this dissertation, we design and evaluate path switching mechanisms that embody this idea. In particular, we take an application perspective and devise a path switching scheme that is aimed at delivering improved quality to real-time applications. We first study the feasibility and performance benefits of path switching. Specifically, we investigate two common approaches offering path diversity---multihoming and overlay networks---and investigate their characteristics in the context of a representative wide area testbed. We explore the end-to-end delay and loss characteristics of different paths, and find that substantial improvements can potentially be achieved by path switching, especially in lowering end-to-end losses. Based on this assessment, we develop a simple path switching mechanism capable of realizing those performance improvements. Next, we investigate how to construct diverse paths with uncorrelated performance. A promising approach for acquiring path diversity is to leverage the capability of peer-to-peer systems, in which many nodes can act as relays for others, therefore offering a large number of candidate paths to select from. However, due to the sheer number of alternate path choices and the fact that not all choices are equally good, we need mechanisms to identify the relay nodes that yield good alternate paths. In this dissertation, we formulate and evaluate such mechanisms in the context of a large peer-to-peer system. We develop several heuristics that allow the selection of good alternate paths, relying only on the routing information available to the source. We validate the resulting solution by comparing it to a number of benchmarks, using both real network topology data and measurements on the PlanetLab testbed. Last, we assume the availability of sufficient path diversity and design path switching mechanisms to improve the quality of specific applications. As a first step, we present an online probing-based approach to estimate the loss performance of a network path, and extend this estimate to infer the performance that an application using the path would see. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Variation in Linguists' Analyses of Author Identification

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

TN 1983 AN UNSIGNED, TYPEWRITTEN, LIBELOUS letter was sent to the board president of a corporation, accusing by name some of the corporation's managers of engaging in unlawful activities. A copy of the letter was received by local law enforcement officials. The libeled parties filed suit against someone they suspected of writing the letter. The legal action was complicated and involved cross-complaints of various sorts, so I have simplified the legal presentation here, though not in ways relevant to the point of this discussion. My focus here is solely on the matter of expert witnessing by five linguists. In the hope that it may prove helpful to linguists who are or may become involved as expert witnesses, I describe this action as it evolved, briefly considering the methodologies used by the plaintiffs' experts in their analyses and the criticism of those analyses made by the defendant's experts. From an examination of what the various linguists testified to, I also draw some practical conclusions for linguists engaged as experts in an adversarial setting. As sources of information, I have used the depositions of the five linguists, including written reports made by two of them. In my discussion I call the defendantJohn Smithy; I call the first expert Linguist 1, the second Linguist 2, and so on. I sometimes refer to the anonymous letter as Document A (for anonymous) and to 38 business letters known to be authored by the defendant as Documents B. For the sake of anonymity, I use masculine pronouns for all five linguists and for all parties to the action.