jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Rotavirus and Norovirus Infections in Hospitalized Children Less Than 5 Years of Age With Acute Gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most important causes of death in children in developing countries which cause by different enteropathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Among these, most of the acute gastroenteritis in children are caused by viral infections mainly by rotavirus and norovirus. This study aimed to study the epidemiological and clinical status of acute gastroenteritis resulting from rotavirus and norovirus in children between June 2015 and June 2016 in Iran. A total of 211 stool specimens were collected from Ali Asghar Children's Hospital and Bahrami Children's Hospital in Tehran, from June 2015 to June 2016. The samples were screened by commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) Ridascreen kit and real time RT-PCR to detect rotavirus and norovirus genogroups I and II, respectively. The information on demographic and clinical manifestations was collected, and data analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 22. Overall, the detection rate of rotavirus was 25.6 %, and for norovirus infection, it was 17.5%. All norovirus positive specimens belonged to genogroup II. Higher rates of rotavirus infections were observed in children from 7 to 24 months, and higher rates of norovirus infections were detected in children from 1 to 12 months. Clinical symptoms were not different between rotavirus and norovirus case-patients. The present study not only highlights the importance of rotavirus and norovirus infections in Iran but also verifies the relevance of norovirus as the cause of severe gastroenteritis in children.
A search for bremsstrahlung solar axions using the Majorana low-background BEGe detector at Kimballton (MALBEK)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A low-background, high-purity germanium detector has been used to search for evidence of low-energy, bremsstrahlung-generated solar axions. An upper bound of $1.36\times 10^{-11}$ $(95% CL)$ is placed on the direct coupling of DFSZ model axions to electrons. The prospects for the sensitivity of the Majorana Demonstrator array of point-contact germanium detectors to solar axions are discussed in the context of the model-independent annual modulation due to the seasonal variation of the earth-sun distance.
Enhancing Air Traffic Surveillance with Machine Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There is a need for new strategies to cope with the growing intricacy of air traffic control (ATC) systems so that the safety, efficiency, and reliability of the ATC are guaranteed. Machine learning (ML) has become a disruptive technology that introduces innovative methods of managing and processing enormous amounts of data generated in the ATC context. This chapter looks into how ML developments contribute to the responsiveness and progress of current ATC systems, especially where image processing and intelligent algorithms are concerned. ML application in anomaly detection, object recognition, trajectory prediction, and system optimization is analyzed. Essentially, it employs advanced methods built on various models, for instance, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and unsupervised learning methods to describe how ML improves aircraft detection and tracking, decision-making, and risk minimization. Important case studies and ML applications that have been developed and implemented in the ATC industry are presented. Other issues like data diversity, requirements for real-time processing, and regulatory issues are addressed. Besides, the chapter discusses future possibilities, such as how explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), reinforcement learning (RL), and hybrid models will be incorporated into next-gen surveillance systems. The goal of this chapter is to motivate researchers and practitioners in air traffic surveillance to take advantage of ML by providing a vision of the current state of the art and future possibilities.
Acute myocardial infarction due to coronary vasospasm secondary to industrial nitroglycerin withdrawal

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary A case of acute. transmural anterior myocardial infarction in a 45-year-old Black employee of an explosives factory during a' period of withdrawal from industrial nitroglycerin is documented. Angiography revealed that the patient had normal coronary arteries. Coronary vasospasm could not be induced by the ergometrine (ergonovine) maleate provocation test. It is postulated that the infarction was directly attributable to coronary vasospasm provoked by the 'industrial nitroglycerin withdrawal syndrome', since there was no evidence of any other non-atheromatous aeHological factor. The authors believe this to be the first such case in a Black subject reported in the literature. S Air Med J 1983; 64: 101-104. Case presentation The patient was a 45-year-old Black man employed in an explosives factory where he had been handling industrial nitroglycerin for some years. A routine resting ECG in May 1981 revealed sinus rhythm and features of early ventri­ cular repolarization compatible with the 'normal variant pattern' (Grusin type II) encountered in this racial group
A Study of the Thermal Behavior of Some Materials Used to Prevent Corrosion in Mechanical Parts

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Thermal deterioration of Machines is the change in the properties of the basic material as a result of thermal reaction with its environment as a result of the presence of moisture in the bodies of machines such as the bodies of aircraft, cars, engineering equipment and related to the mechanics of the machines in the field of mechanical engineering, which is called the medium of deterioration and not as a result of a mechanical process such as friction in the machines as a result of work Continuous in these machines, according to this definition there is a possibility of corrosion not only in metals, but other materials such as concrete and containers that are in direct contact with moisture, air and environmental factors that are a catalyst for mechanical deterioration. Many researchers in mechanical engineering were interested in the thermal processes of machines, so the problem of corrosion and friction of machines and other important problems that have been studied extensively by finding engineering solutions to reduce or eliminate them. Corrosion of Machines be a limiting factor for various materials in many applications. Thus, it is necessary to have a better understanding of the deterioration processes, their prevention and reduction of the associated damage. In this research the preparation of some reagents and their use as deterioration inhibitors to reduce the deterioration process in engineering machinery by measuring the loss in weights resulting from the phenomenon of deterioration in engineering machinery. These thermal reagents were prepared as a thermal inhibitor painting, diagnosed in spectroscopic techniques, and then some thermal measurements were made to studying them as inhibitors of engineering corrosion in machines. The results appeared that the prepared reagents are good deterioration’s inhibitors due to the inhibition efficiency of the selected thermal reagents increased with increasing of concentration, and decreased with increasing of temperature.
Microtips and resistive sheet: A theoretical description of the emissive properties of this system

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this article is to present a model which describes completely in a very simple way the physics of field-effect emission for an ensemble of tips located on a two-dimensional lateral resistive sheet. Given the well-known a and b parameters of each tips, the geometry of the mesh and the square resistance of the resistive sheet, we have determined exactly the voltage on each tip as a function of its position in the mesh and then calculated each current effectively emitted. Thanks to this theory some simple questions, as the following, could be answered: (1) When a specified number of tips is needed, and the mesh geometry fixed, where do we have to put the tips in order to get the most uniform emission or the maximum of current? (2) When a tip has a short with the grid, how many tips are affected by the increase of potential in the region near the tip? (3) Is it «better» to have some big meshes with a great number of tips or numerous small ones with a few tips? Is it «better» to have lines of tips or compact arrays of tips distributed on a resistive sheet? (4) What is the «equivalent» resistance of this ensemble? What is its exact meaning?
X-ray absorption study at the Mg and O K edges of ultrathin MgO epilayers on Ag(001)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We determined the local atomic structure of MgO epilayers on Ag(001) by means of polarization-dependent X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements at the Mg and O K-edges. A quantitative analysis of the data in the extended energy range has been performed using multiple scattering simulations. We found that, even in the ultrathin limit, the local structure of the film is rock-salt and we obtained a quantitative evaluation of the average in-plane and out-of-plane film strain at the different thicknesses investigated. An in-plane compressive strain, due to lattice mismatch with the Ag substrate, is clearly present for the 3 ML film. The out-of-plane lattice constant is found to be expanded, in agreement with the expected behavior for a tetragonal distortion of the unit cell. This growth-induced strain is gradually released with increasing thickness and it is almost completely relaxed at 20 ML. Any significant intermixing with the Ag substrate can be ruled out. An expansion of the interplanar distance at the MgO-Ag interface is detected and its sign and magnitude are found to be in agreement with recent ab-initio simulations. This work provides previously unavailable input for modeling the physical properties of the system and supports the hypothesis that the different electronic properties of MgO films on Ag(001) are not related to structural or compositional differences at the ultrathin limit.
Reply on AC1

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Biocrust is a key component of ecosystems and plays a vital role in altering hydrological processes in terrestrial ecosystems. The role of biocrust on hydrological properties in arid and semi-arid ecosystems has been widely documented; however, the effects and mechanisms of biocrust on soil hydrological properties in alpine ecosystems are still poorly understood. In this study, we selected two meadow types from the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: normal Kobresia meadow (NM) and biocrust meadow (BM). Both the soil hydrological and physicochemical properties were examined. We found that in the 0–30 cm soil layer, soil water retention and soil water content in NM were higher than those in BM, whereas the 30–40 cm layer’s soil water retention and soil water content in NM were lower than those in BM. The topsoil infiltration rate in BM was lower than that in NM. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties were different between NM and BM. The 0–10 cm soil layer’s clay content in BM was 9 % higher than that in NM, whereas the 0–30 cm layer’s soil capillary porosity in NM was higher than that in BM. In addition, the 0–20 cm layer’s soil total nitrogen (TN) and soil organic matter (SOM) in NM were higher than those in BM, implying that the presence of biocrust did not favor the formation of soil nutrients owing to its lower soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen. Overall, soil water retention was determined by SOM by altering soil capillary porosity and bulk density. Our findings revealed that the establishment of biocrust did not improve soil water retention and infiltration, which may be more vulnerable to runoff generation and consequent soil erosion in biocrust meadows. These results provide a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the role of biocrust in the soil hydrology of alpine ecosystems.
Large cell anaplastic lymphoma of the skin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Large cell anaplastic lymphoma (LCAL) is a recently described entity recognized by its constant expression of the CD30 antigen and by its morphology. LCAL is classified as high grade malignant lymphoma. We report 10 patients with LCAL of the skin, three with primary LCAL and others in which it developed with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, mainly mycosis fungoides. The immunophenotype in all but one of these cases, was that of activated T cells.
Manajemen Dakwah dalam Al-Qur’an

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Management is an activity, its implementer is called a manager, and the implementation process is called management. Management encompasses activities to achieve goals, carried out by individuals who contribute their best efforts through actions that have been done previously. This includes knowledge of what they should do, determining how to do it, understanding how they should do it, understanding how to organize and manage the effectiveness of their efforts. Examining the Quran with a management approach, especially in the context of da’wah management and its practice during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), is a top priority in this discussion.
Guidelines for developing the shari'ah‐compliant products and shari'ah governance for sustainable banks in Bangladesh

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The industry of Islamic banking and finance (IBF) has undergone rapid expansion over the past forty years. However, it's imperative that this sector continues to evolve—making sure it aligns with contemporary market trends while staying abreast with modern financial practices. With financial offerings becoming more complex than ever before, adhering closely to shari'ah principles certainly poses a newer level of daunting challenges that need urgent attention in this burgeoning field. Moreover, the infamous products and current shari'ah governance of Islamic banks have been widely debated following the publication of an article titled “Terrible November for Islamic banks” in a reputable newspaper, Prothom Alo, 2022. In order to bridge the gap this study investigates drivers, enablers, and inhibitors of shari'ah‐compliant products and the successful implementation of shari'ah governance for sustainable Islamic banks in Bangladesh. The qualitative data have been collected through in‐depth personal interviews and focus group discussions with 41 well‐known scholars. The analysis shows shari'ah board and research division are required to collaborate to develop shari'ah‐compliant products as outlined in the Qur'an and Hadith. Additionally, a strong legislative framework for shari'ah‐compliant product development and shari'ah governance is essential to promote a sustainable Islamic banking industry. Good shari'ah governance and compliance in a banking institution are significantly dependent on the good intentions of its board members and operational managers. The study offers a legal framework and core value‐based banking that develops unique and fully shari'ah‐compliant products to uphold sustainable development goals (SDGs). Important policy implications are discussed.
Managerial Discretion, Regulation, and Stock Insurer Ownership Structure

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Variation in operating characteristics across ownership structures in the property-liability insurance industry could be caused by regulatory and tax differences as well as controlrelated incentives. We exploit variation in ownership structure within the population of common stock insurers to help solve this identification problem. Consistent with the managerial discretion hypothesis, we find that different ownership classes operate in lines that are statistically distinguishable. Because of our focus on stock firms, this variation is not attributable to taxes and regulation alone.
MiR-543-3p promotes locomotor function recovery after spinal cord injury by inhibiting the expression of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 15 in rats.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

After SCI, miR-543-3p can inhibit the activity of NF-κB by suppressing the inflammatory aggravation of TNFSF15 and decreasing its product TL1A. MiR-543-3p leads to the improvement of neuron protection and locomotor function via attenuating inflammatory reaction and cell apoptosis.
Characterization and impact of dissolved gases in a high-frequency flow reactor

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Addressing the growing demands for sustainable green technology in chemical processes, we aim to develop a novel high-frequency ultrasonic flow reactor that utilizes converting ultrasound waves, resulting in intense localized acoustic pressure fields. Our hypothesis that our design of converging waves will establish a uniform spatial distribution of cavitation activity with high energy density, thereby augmenting the rate of radical formation and significantly enhancing overall reactor performance. To validate the hypothesis, KI and terephthalic acid dosimetry were performed. A comprehensive calorimetric study was employed for acoustic power, yielding valuable insight into the energy dynamics of the system. Furthermore, our research systematically assesses the impact of dissolved gases and varying flow rates on reactor performance. Notably, we observe that dissolved gases in the reaction medium exert a substantial influence on reactor efficiency. Additionally, an increased flow rate beyond the optimum decelerates hydroxyl radical generation due to a lower residence time. The detailed characterization, facilitated by dosimetry techniques, unveils the potential of the sonochemical reactor for industrial applications.
Theology's Role in Public Bioethics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract For at least two decades, the role of theology in public matters has been governed by what might be termed a “liberal consensus”. This consensus, shared by policymakers, theologians, philosophers, and the public, has two parts. First, that law and public policy need to be considered in terms of individual liberties and rights. Second, that the only appropriate “public” language in which to justify, qualify, and reconcile liberties and rights should be neutral, secular, and rational. The thesis of this chapter is that such a framing of the issues is outmoded. To begin with, the “secular” sphere is not neutral, since all participants inevitably come from communities which have identity. Therefore, it is appropriate to use religious narratives and language, or those of any moral tradition (which includes liberalism), as long as they are not propounded dogmatically or in a way that undermines democratic process and participatory politics.
On the Basalts and Andesites of Devonshire, known as ‘Felspathic Traps’

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

I. Previous Literature. 1797. W. G. Maton. Observations relative chiefly to the Natural History, Picturesque Scenery, and Antiquities of the Western Counties of England. Salisbury, vol. i. pp. 95-97 (describes the Thorverton stone). 1811. J.F. Berger. Observations on the Physical Structure of Devonshire and Cornwall. Trans. Geol. Soc. vol. i. pp. 100-102 (describes the amygdaloid of Poucham [probably Pocombe], Upton Pyne, 1 and Thorverton). 1821. Rev. J. J. Conybeare. On the Geology of the neighbourhood of Okehampton, Devon (" memoranda on the Red Marle" at end); Annals of Philosophy, new series, vol. ii. pp. 165, 166 (describes the amygdaloid of Thorverton, Silverton, and Radden [Raddon Court] quarries). 1835. Sir H. T. De la Beche. " Note on the Trappean Rocks associated with the (New)Red Sandstone of Devonshire," Prec. Geol. Soc. vol. ii. (1833-8) pp. 196-8 (mentions the trappean rocks "near Tiverton, Thorverton, Silverton, Kellerton Park, Crediton, and Exeter," and gives the geological history of those at Washfield, near Tiverton. 1839. Sir H. T. De la Beche. Report on the Geology of Cornwall, Devon, and West Somerset (Geol. Survey Memoir)pp. 199-204, 211, 212, 215, 216, 489. 1839 ? (no date). One-inch Geological Survey Maps, Sheets 21, 22, 24, 26 (almost all the important exposures are included in Sheets 21 and 22). 1865. W. Vicary, F.G.S. On the Feldspathic Traps of Devonshire. Trans. Devon. Assoc. vol. i. pt. iv. pp. 43--49 (gives additional localities and fuller details of the macroscopical characters of the rocks). 1890. R. N. Worth, F.G.S. The Igneous Constituents
“This I Believe”: Addressing Cultural Competency with the Digital Narratives of Middle Grades English Language Learners

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Telling a story is an essential tool for being human. Storytelling has been described as an aspect of the social self that helps shape relationships through the power of words. This chapter examines the role of digital personal narratives in the schooling of middle grades English language learners (ELLs) in one middle school in a rural, Northeast state. The ELL students, their teacher, and the author engaged in a digital story project, which was part of a literacy unit that took place over a period of six months in an intermediate English classroom of 14 students. Using the This I Believe (TIB) national curriculum that focuses on the core values that guide daily lives, the ELL students narrated their own stories. The author argues for the use of such stories in institutions where the preparation of future professionals, such as teachers, social workers, and counselors grapple with the meaning of cultural competency skills and its implications for their fields. How might such institutions embrace and integrate more student voices? How might such stories inform pedagogy? As a result of the project, the author developed a model that could utilize these digital narratives to develop cultural competency in a preservice teacher education program. Such stories could become part of a larger agenda of meaningful activities for preservice teachers related to the areas of (1) digital storytelling, (2) response to literature, (3) service learning and research, and (4) critical reflection.
Dynamic Shape of the Female Urethra During Micturition. Clinical Methods

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Densitometry of the x-ray image provides a suitable technique for clinical quantification of the urethral shape during all stages of voiding. The technique of cystourethrographic densitometry is applied to determine the cross-sectional shape of the human female urethra during various phases of voiding. Errors that may occur because the x-rays are not perpendicularly incident to the urethral plane are considered and a method for their minimization is indicated.
Mathematical Description of the Influence of Sim on the Movement of TP in the Area of a Controlled Intersection

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The appearance of personal mobility devices (IM) in the traffic flow creates a certain load, associated primarily with changes in the average speed of movement and delays. In order to assess changes in the reflected indicators, the work carried out an analysis of their changes, taking into account the different shares of SIM in the total traffic flow at a specific research object. Using the Aimsun simulation product, a number of experiments were carried out, on the basis of which numerical indicators of the studied characteristics were obtained and an economic assessment of their changes was carried out.