jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Migration behaviour of Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar L.) in a short and highly fragmented gravel‐bed river stretch

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The succession of migration barriers and different turbine types during downstream migration impede Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) smolts from reaching the sea in time but is poorly studied. We investigated the isolated and cumulative impacts of 14 consecutive migration barriers (MBs) on downstream migration of 200 radio‐tagged smolts over an 18.9 km stretch of gravel‐bed river, by equipping five MBs with automated radio listening stations. At the level of isolated barriers, median research times (i.e. time between the first and the last detection upstream of a MB) varied between 0.1 and 0.7 h. The median crossing delays (i.e. time between the first detection upstream and the first detection downstream of a MB) varied between 1 and 2.9 h. Considering successive MBs, median cumulative crossing delays varied between 2.6 and 32.1 h and increased with the number of MBs. We observed a global mortality rate between 33% and 76%, increasing with the distance travelled and the associated number of MBs. Only 48% of the migrating smolts reached the end of the studied river stretch. Results suggest that the dynamics of the smolt downstream migration over this short highly fragmented stretch had a significant effect in terms of delays, mortalities and seaward escapement rate.
Grading the practice of teaching: an unholy union of incompatibles

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reviews policy in the assessment of school experience and examines the practice of grading currently in place in Scotland and supported by the General Teaching Council for Scotland. It discusses the problems inherent in attempts to grade practice, notably the difficulty of controlling for contextual variation between different placements. It explores research in this area in order to see whether there is any evidence that such practices can be reliable or valid. It concludes that grading is unsustainable in the light of both the research evidence and the conceptual problems that underpin the assessment of school experience.
Three-dimensional photodissociation dynamics of methyl iodide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The photodissociation dynamics of methyl iodide is investigated on a three-dimensional grid using a time-dependent quantum-mechanical method. Two electronic states which correlate with I and I* fragments are explicitly included in the calculation. The potential-energy functions and the nonadiabatic coupling are adapted from a recent ab initio calculation by Morokuma and co-workers. The dynamically active degrees of freedom include the dissociation coordinate, the umbrella bend of the methyl group which is treated as a stretch between a hypothetic atom X (X=H3) and the carbon atom, and the H3–C–I bend. The discrete variable representation is used to describe the dynamics in the bending coordinate θ while the other two degrees of freedom are treated by a fast Fourier transform (FFT) based approach. The time propagation of the wave packet is carried out using the Chebychev expansion of the time propagator and the grid in the translational coordinate space is shifted during the propagation to avoid reflection at the end of the grid. Absorption spectra calculated from these ab initio surfaces are found to be blue shifted by a few thousand wave numbers and have broader widths when compared with experimental results. These discrepancies can be attributed to the topology of the ab initio potential-energy surfaces in the Franck–Condon region. Vibrational and rotational distributions for both the CH3 and CD3 fragments are calculated at several photon wavelengths. The agreement with experimental results is excellent. The vibration of the methyl fragment has a weak dependence on the photon wavelength and is found to be largely separable from its rotation. The rotational distribution of the methyl fragment is cold in the I* channel, but relatively hot for the lower I channel. The I* yield is strongly influenced by the initial excitation scheme. When both excited states are considered to be optically active, the calculated I* yield gives a better agreement with experimental observations. Our calculations are also compared with several previous theoretical works.
Effect of Biochar, Green Compost, and Vermicompost on the Quality of a Calcareous Soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Changes in the chemical and biological characteristics of a calcareous soil by the addition of green compost (GC), vermicompost (VC), biochar, biochar + GC, and biochar + VC were evaluated during a 360-day laboratory incubation. The GC and the VC treatments lowered the soil pH and increased the total and dissolved organic C, microbial biomass C, microbial quotient, alkaline phosphatase (AP-ase) and specific AP-ase, dehydrogenase (DH-ase) and specific DH-ase, and metabolic potential. The improvement in the biological activity of the soil was more notable and permanent with VC than GC. The biochar treatment temporarily increased the pH of the calcareous soil (pH 8.2) up to a maximum of 8.57, showed the greatest increase of total organic C, did not change dissolved organic C and microbial biomass C, and induced small effects on soil biological activities. When mixed with biochar (biochar + GC and biochar + VC), composts led to higher organic C mineralization; dissolved organic C, biomass C, and DH-ase activity; and did not change the metabolic quotient, specific AP-ase, and specific DH-ase activities. The AP-ase activity of biochar was enhanced only by the addition of VC, although in a nonadditive way. Metabolic potential was more than halved by the GC and was not changed by the VC. Overall, our study shows that the incorporation of both composts, particularly VC, into calcareous soils may improve soil quality, whereas biochar could have benefits for C sequestration. In addition, the mixing of GC, and especially VC with biochar, increased some soil quality parameters compared with the biochar-only treatment.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING READINESS AND ACHIEVEMENT

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to understand the influence of emotional intelligence and self-directed learning readiness on achievement and the influence of emotional intelligence on self-directed learning readiness of students who are in their first or second-year education in a foundation university in Ankara. The scales used are self-directed learning readiness scale and Schutte’s (2001) emotional intelligence. It was found that emotional intelligence and self-directed learning readiness were strongly correlated. Also emotional intelligence predicted self-directed learning readiness with very little support from gender. There was no relation between self-directed learning and GPA as well as emotional intelligence and GPA. Being from different departments did not have an influence on GPA.
Deep Learning for Screen-Shot Image Demoiréing: A Survey

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image demoir&#x00E9;ing is an important image processing technology in computer vision, used to remove the moir&#x00E9; from images and improve the image quality. In recent years, the image demoir&#x00E9;ing technique based on the deep learning method has gained more attention and achieved good results, but it still has some limitations. This paper aims to provide a review and perspective on the recent advances in deep learning-based image demoir&#x00E9;ing techniques. First, the definition and production principle of the image moir&#x00E9; pattern are given. Common datasets and image quality evalution methods in demoir&#x00E9;ing studies are analyzed. Then two internationally famous competitions in image demoir&#x00E9;ing are introduced. Second, the research status of the supervised demoir&#x00E9;ing technique is summarized from four dimensions: sampling method, model network design, baseline model, and training learning strategy. Recent progress made by the mainstream model of unsupervised deep learning in the field of image demoir&#x00E9;ing is summarized. The typical application of the image demoir&#x00E9;ing technique in panel defect detection and digital radiography is analyzed. The performance and the image quality of the above mentioned models based on different data sets are evaluated in detail. Finally, this paper analyzes and forelocks the problems to be solved in the coming years.
Detection of Road Rage in Vehicle Drivers Based on Speech Feature Fusion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Road rage can easily cause serious road traffic accidents. In order to detect emotional changes of drivers in a straightforward and accurate way, and enable measures to be taken to avoid accidents, this paper presents a road rage emotion detection method called DMG-FCC for drivers of motor vehicles based on the fusion of MFCC and GFCC speech features in the frequency domain and their first-order differential features ( $\Delta $ MFCC, $\Delta $ GFCC). These features are first analysed, and each feature selected for fusion is determined preliminarily based on experience. To improve the detection efficiency, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the dimensionality of the fused features. Six principal components are selected as detection features based on the proportion of the variance values of the principal components of each dimension. The sparrow search algorithm is used to optimise the support vector machine classifier, and an SSA-SVM road rage emotion detection model is established and trained to recognise road rage emotions in drivers. The driver emotion dataset is established, and enhanced by changing the speech rate, pitch, and volume, through expansion, on the basis of the original 200 pieces of data, a total of 1400 pieces of data were got for each type of dataset. Experiments show that feature fusion gives better anti-noise performance than other single feature detection methods. Compared with other detection models, our method yields good detection performance, with a high detection accuracy of 95.2% on original dataset, and 96.8% on enhanced dataset, which can meet the real driving requirements.
Efficiency of evanescent excitation and collection of spontaneous Raman scattering near high index contrast channel waveguides

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We develop and experimentally verify a theoretical model for the total efficiency η0 of evanescent excitation and subsequent collection of spontaneous Raman signals by the fundamental quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes of a generic photonic channel waveguide. Single-mode silicon nitride (Si3N4) slot and strip waveguides of different dimensions are used in the experimental study. Our theoretical model is validated by the correspondence between the experimental and theoretical absolute values within the experimental errors. We extend our theoretical model to silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) channel waveguides and study η0 as a function of index contrast, polarization of the mode and the geometry of the waveguides. We report nearly 2.5 (4 and 5) times larger η0 for the fundamental quasi-TM mode when compared to η0 for the fundamental quasi-TE mode of a typical Si3N4 (TiO2 and SOI) strip waveguide. η0 for the fundamental quasi-TE mode of a typical Si3N4, (TiO2 and SOI) slot waveguide is about 7 (22 and 90) times larger when compared to η0 for the fundamental quasi-TE mode of a strip waveguide of the similar dimensions. We attribute the observed enhancement to the higher electric field discontinuity present in high index contrast waveguides.
Professional Socialization and Development Needs of Coordinators of Clinical Education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Context Coordinators of clinical education (CCEs) play a vital role in ensuring effective clinical education experiences, including developing and maintaining clinical affiliation agreements, developing preceptors, evaluating students, preceptors, and clinical education sites, and managing conflict. However, CCEs are often not formally trained for the role. The purpose of this study was to understand the processes used to socialize CCEs and to identify professional development needs. Methods All 291 CCEs of accredited athletic training programs were purposively recruited through direct e-mails, and 132 CCEs participated in this cross-sectional online survey. The survey consisted of 4 sections: (1) demographics, (2) role induction (RI), (3) usefulness of RI (URI), and (4) socialization needs (SN). For RI, participants identified items that were included in the orientation into their roles (eg, overview of duties, resources provided). For URI, participants identified how useful each orientation tactic was. For SN, participants identified how helpful they would find topics if they were included in a formal CCE development workshop. A panel of experts established content validity of the survey, and it was piloted with 8 CCEs. Reliability was established via Cronbach α = 0.86. Results Common RI tactics were receiving contact information for current preceptors, overview of the duties as CCE, and review of clinical education documentation. All tactics included in RI were rated at least moderately useful . Topics that would be helpful as part of CCE training include assessing clinical skill development, analyzing clinical data, and navigating difficult conversations and conflict. Conclusion(s) Many tactics are used to socialize CCEs into their administrative roles, but orientations vary based on the institution. Providing CCEs clear direction could lead to better student outcomes and overall job satisfaction. Therefore, programs should develop detailed onboarding for their CCEs specific to their roles within the program and institution.
The effects of recombinant common carp growth hormone on growth and muscle composition of tilapia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this paper, the tilapia fingerling was treated with recombinant common carp growth hormone (rcGH) by oral administration and injection ways. The result showed that the rcGH could enhance the growth of Tilapia fingerling significantly. The nutrition compositions in the muscle of the injected fish were analyzed, and the result showed that the rcGH could increase the content of fat, but it did not affect the contents of protein, moisture and ash greatly.
Theoretical Justification of the Dynamic Parameters in Plant Stems Sliding Cutting

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The first article of the series considers the opportunities of finding theoretical solutions to the issue of plants stem cutting via sliding method with account for the rheological properties of the substance. Throughout the problem solution, cutting process was viewed as a transitional step for forced crack propagation in the body. Analytical expressions have been derived, which enable to analyze the stress state of the material in the cutting zone, to identify the principal stresses causing abrasions in case of sliding cutting. Intensity coefficient, sliding coefficient and their value domains have been identified, whereby the sliding cutting is implemented with minimum energy consumption.
Impact of office pulse pressure on left ventricular structure of patients with essential hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the impact of office pulse pressure(PP) on left ventricular structure of patients with essential hypertension. Method:All subjects underwent the measurement blood pressure and echocardiography. Hypertension patients(n=291) were divided into 4 groups: group A:PP40 mmHg; group B:40≤PP50 mmHg; group C:50≤PP60 mmHg; group D:PP≥60 mmHg. Normal people(n=102) were also divided into 4 groups(A, B, C, D group) by the same method. Result:There was a position relation between PP and LVMI、EF in hypertension. PP was positively correlated to LVMI(r=0.21). Conclusion:The increase of PP was an important risk factor of left ventricular structure abnormalities.
A Systematic Review of Adherence With Medications for Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which patients omit doses of medications prescribed for diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A literature search (1966–2003) was performed to identify reports with quantitative data on adherence with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) and insulin and correlations between adherence rates and glycemic control. Adequate documentation of adherence was found in 15 retrospective studies of OHA prescription refill rates, 5 prospective electronic monitoring OHA studies, and 3 retrospective insulin studies. RESULTS—Retrospective analyses showed that adherence to OHA therapy ranged from 36 to 93% in patients remaining on treatment for 6–24 months. Prospective electronic monitoring studies documented that patients took 67–85% of OHA doses as prescribed. Electronic monitoring identified poor compliers for interventions that improved adherence (61–79%; P &lt; 0.05). Young patients filled prescriptions for one-third of prescribed insulin doses. Insulin adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes was 62–64%. CONCLUSIONS—This review confirms that many patients for whom diabetes medication was prescribed were poor compliers with treatment, including both OHAs and insulin. However, electronic monitoring systems were useful in improving adherence for individual patients. Similar electronic monitoring systems for insulin administration could help healthcare providers determine patients needing additional support.
Psychopathology of EDNOS patients: To whom do they compare?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Do the levels of psychopathology displayed by patients with an eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) more closely resemble those displayed by full-criteria anorexia and bulimia nervosa patients than they do those of non-eating-disorder controls? Three groups of eating disorder patients (anorexia nervosa, n = 27; bulimia nervosa, n = 23; EDNOS, n = 19) and a group of non-eating-disorder controls (n = 25) were compared on four subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory – 2 (EDI-2), and on the Eating Disorders Belief Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. EDNOS patients were indistinguishable from the other two eating disorder groups on all of the measured variables, except for the Perfectionism subscale of the EDI-2. The findings of the present study support the view that EDNOS should not be considered a subclinical eating disorder. However, much remains to be understood about who EDNOS patients are.
Promoting Math Talk in Adult–Child Interactions Through Grocery Store Signs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Young children have better math abilities when their parents engage in more math‐related conversations with them. Yet, previous studies have found that math talk occurs only very infrequently in everyday interactions. In the present study, we sought to promote adult–child conversations about math in a naturalistic context using minimal instructions. We observed 179 adult–child dyads while they shopped in grocery stores with signs prompting them to engage in math‐related conversations (math condition), signs prompting them to talk about other topics (general language condition), or without any signs (baseline condition). In the math condition, more adults talked about math compared to the general language or the baseline condition, and this finding could not be explained by demographic characteristics of the dyad or the overall amount of conversations. This study demonstrates that cost‐effective signs placed in everyday contexts can promote math‐related conversations and potentially provide math learning opportunities for children.
Pharmacotherapy in Parkinson’s disease: case studies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder with the particular feature of having various available treatments with proven efficacy. However, no treatment is curative. Recent trial results provided data for the discussion about the potential disease-modifying effect of new drugs as well as of other therapeutic strategies. The changing clinical phenotype following the progression of the disease multiplies the number of treatment targets and makes the application of recommendations from guidelines or other treatment algorithms to the individual patient a complex task. In the present manuscript, we discuss the treatment management of three case studies illustrating different stages of disease with distinct phenomenology. The proposed therapeutic alternatives are discussed based on the best data available; that is, treatment guidelines, clinical trial results or observational data.
Chemical composition of soft vacuum electron beam assisted chemical vapor deposition of silicon nitride/oxynitride films versus substrate temperature

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Thin silicon nitride/oxynitride films were deposited on silicon substrates by a soft vacuum electron beam plasma assisted deposition in a triad gas feedstock mixture of silane, ammonia, and nitrogen. Fourier transform infrared spectra, x-ray photoelectron spectra, Auger electron spectra, and secondary ion mass spectra of these thin films were analyzed and compared to determine both the bulk chemical composition and the interfacial properties. Film composition varied from SiO2 to Si3N4 as the substrate temperature (Ts) varied from 50 to 450 °C. Between 150 and 350 °C a stable SiOxNyHz structure formed. The films deposited with NH4–SiH4–N2 mixtures contained large (20%–60%) amounts of N–H bonds, but no detectable Si–H bonds (&lt;0.5%). The total hydrogen content of deposited films decreased by a factor of 10 (to 2%–3%) when only nitrogen and silane were used as source gases, in comparison with that obtained using the triad feedstock mixture.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPLEX THERAPY WITH THE INCLUSION OF THE URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN COMBINATION WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conclusions: UDCA in combination with ademethionine in COPD courses have a positive effect on the course of NAFLD, and also reduces the intensity of dyspnea, improves the external respiratory function and reduces the frequency of COPD hospitalization.
Printed In Great Britain. @ 1992 IUPAC Useful hydrolytic enzymes: Proteases, lipases and nitrilases

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract- The most recent developments in the use of hydrolytic enzymes- proteases, lipases and nitrilases- are summarized: Sterically demanding a,a-disubstituted carboxylic esters can be enzymatically resolved using a commercially available protease derived from Aspergillus oryzae. A significant enhancement of selectivity and activity of Candida cylindracea lipase in irreversible acyl transfer reactions may be achieved by removal of by-products or via covalent modification of the enzyme. Enzymatic hydrolysis of nitriles proceeds under mild conditions but enzyme-catalysed side-reactions such as ester- or epoxide-hydrolysis may occur.