jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
AFLP analysis in Cryptocarya concinna,a dominant population in lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests at Heishiding Natural Reserve

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Amplification fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was employed to analyze population genetic structure and variation of Cryptocarya concinna, a dominant species in lower subtropical evergreen broad leaved forests.37 individuals of Cryptocarya concinna from 3 different communities in Heishiding Natural Reserve were sampled and their DNAs were amplified using 4 AFLP selective primer combinations.51 polymorphic phenotypic patterns (loci) were calculated and analyzed using Shannon information coefficient,AMOVA and PHYLIP for the genetic diversity and differentiation of the 3 Cryptocarya concinna populations.High genetic diversity with the population and low differentiation among the 3 populations were detected based on SSD (Sum of squared deviations), MSD (Mean squared deviations) and variance components of AMOVA statistic analysis.These were consistent with the results from Shannon coefficient calculation.Nei's genetic distance also indicated very low differentiation among the populations.The relationship of population genetic variation and the microhabitat was discussed.
Green safety index representing traffic levels of service for online application

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The traditional roadway level of service (LOS) is based on the volume–capacity (V/C) ratio, which measures the volume of traffic. However, this approach does not follow the green transport trend, and it lacks the comprehensive concepts of time cost, environmental protection, and potential social cost of traffic safety. Given the international focus on the development of green economies and transport, this study examined freeways in Taiwan to establish three indicators: cost of travel delay, cost of incremental carbon emissions, and cost of potential accidents. Traffic data from the electronic toll collection system in Taiwan were collected and analysed according to three factors derived from different traffic volumes and travel speeds: time cost, pollution, and traffic safety. The results were integrated into a traffic green safety index to replace the overall evaluation standard for traditional freeway LOS. This index is intended for use in an online software application.
Learning Interactive Behaviors for Musculoskeletal Robots Using Bayesian Interaction Primitives

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Musculoskeletal robots that are based on pneumatic actuation have a variety of properties, such as compliance and back-drivability, that render them particularly appealing for human-robot collaboration. However, programming interactive and responsive behaviors for such systems is extremely challenging due to the nonlinearity and uncertainty inherent to their control. In this paper, we propose an approach for learning Bayesian Interaction Primitives for musculoskeletal robots given a limited set of example demonstrations. We show that this approach is capable of real-time state estimation and response generation for interaction with a robot for which no analytical model exists. Human-robot interaction experiments on a 'handshake' task show that the approach generalizes to new positions, interaction partners, and movement velocities.
Options for Recovery: Promoting Perinatal Drug and Alcohol Recovery, Child Health, and Family Stability

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The perceived magnitude of perinatal chemical dependency in California was the impetus for an interagency partnership within the California Health and Welfare Agency called Options for Recovery (OFR). It offered alcohol and drug treatment and recovery, case management, and recruitment and training of foster parents and relative caregivers to chemically dependent pregnant and parenting women. A 3-year, multi-method evaluation was conducted that included quantitative analyses of secondary data sources, semi-structured interviews with staff and clients, self-administered surveys of staff and clients, client focus groups, and child developmental assessments. Findings indicate that to achieve success, programs structured on the OFR model must recruit chemically dependent women early in their pregnancies, provide mechanisms for retention, offer a continuum of treatment modalities within the service system, make available a comprehensive array of ancillary services, and be responsive to the social, cultural, and familial context within which these women live.
Identification and characterization of CHCHD1, AURKAIP1, and CRIF1 as new members of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Defects in mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) cause various diseases in humans. Because of the essential role of MRPs in synthesizing the essential subunits of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, identifying all of the protein components involved in the mitochondrial translational machinery is critical. Initially, we identified 79 MRPs; however, identifying MRPs with no clear homologs in bacteria and yeast mitochondria was challenging, due to limited availability of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in the databases available at that time. With the improvement in genome sequencing and increased sensitivity of mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies, we have established four previously known proteins as MRPs and have confirmed the identification of ICT1 (MRP58) as a ribosomal protein. The newly identified MRPs are MRPS37 (Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing protein 1-CHCHD1), MRPS38 (Aurora kinase A interacting protein1, AURKAIP1), MRPS39 (Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein 3, PTCD3), in the small subunit and MRPL59 (CR-6 interacting factor 1, CRIF1) in the large subunit. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the essential roles of CHCHD1, AURKAIP1, and CRIF1in mitochondrial protein synthesis by siRNA knock-down studies, which had significant effects on the expression of mitochondrially encoded proteins.
A Distributed Control Framework of Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Dynamic Wildfire Tracking

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Wild-land fire fighting is a hazardous job. A key task for firefighters is to observe the "fire front" to chart the progress of the fire and areas that will likely spread next. Lack of information of the fire front causes many accidents. Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to cover wildfire is promising because it can replace humans in hazardous fire tracking and significantly reduce operation costs. In this paper we propose a distributed control framework designed for a team of UAVs that can closely monitor a wildfire in open space, and precisely track its development. The UAV team, designed for flexible deployment, can effectively avoid in-flight collisions and cooperate well with neighbors. They can maintain a certain height level to the ground for safe flight above fire. Experimental results are conducted to demonstrate the capabilities of the UAV team in covering a spreading wildfire.
Construction of a reporter plasmid to in vitro identify the type III effectors in Xanthomonas campestris

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacteria use Type Ⅲ secretion system(T3SS) to inject diverse virulence effectors into host cells resulting in pathogenicity or hypersensitive response(HR).To comprehensively understand bacterial pathogenesis,host range,and pathogen evolution,it is prerequisite to identify the Type Ⅲ effector repertoires of diverse phytopathogenic bacteria.A reporter plasmid for identifying the translocation of type Ⅲ effectors in vitro was constructed using avrBs1 as a reporter.The HR inducing domain of AvrBs1(AvrBs159-444) was cloned into the promoterless shuttle vector pLAFR6,generated the reporter plasmid pLJB.The reporter plasmid was confirmed to work well using the promoter of XC-1553 which had been identified to be type Ⅲ effector before.This reporter plasmid provides useful vessel to genome-wide screen type Ⅲ effectors of Xanthomonas campestris.
Quantitative and qualitative assessment of plankton: someecological aspect and water quality parameters of the riverMeghna, Bangladesh

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Investigation on the seasonal distribution and abundance of various major taxa of phyto and zooplankton and the corresponding physico-chemical characteristics were carried out in four selected stations between the latitude 22°35.494N N-23°23.987 N and longitude 90°35.793 E- 90°49.061 E of the Meghna river system, Bangladesh. Drop count method was followed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of both phyto- and zooplankton. A total of 41 phytoplankton genera belonging to 17 families and 13 zooplankton genera belonging to 11 families were recorded. Zooplankton growth cycle was noticeably less (3.0%) than the phytoplankton abundance almost throughout the study period. Quantity of plankton registered to increase chronologically from the upper to lower stretches of the river. During summer investigation the load of phytoplankton was recorded maximum (11,300-51,850 No/1). Ratio-wise quantitative difference between zoo- and phytoplankton in composition of the total standing crop fluctuated between 1.0:5.5 and 1:1037. Among the phytoplanktonic groups, Chlorophyceae was found to be dominating (95.0%) in all sampling stations. Protococcus, a single genus of Chlorophyceae played a unique role during summer, contributing the highest density of about 74.0%. The pattern of qualitative and quantitative difference of plankton standing crop in different sampling sites can be attributed to the existing physico-chemical characteristics, mainly water temperature, pH and hardness.
Sovereign responsibility: An impossible solidarity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article takes interest in solidarity as sovereign responsibility. Sovereign responsibility is a nonproductive form of care that emerges at the interface of order defined by a privileging of economy and a general economy defined by a return to order of life lost to death. It is this return that unveils the existence and operations of a general economy that order presupposes. The article locates its discussion of sovereign responsibility at two levels of relationality. Firstly, it situates its deliberations concerning sovereign responsibility in the family and among kin. Here it argues that as a form of solidarity, sovereign responsibility positions relations among kin as those of neighbours. Secondly, it shows that the question of the neighbour extends beyond kinship relations and into the realm of extra-kinship relations where others and strangers appear as neighbours. The overall argument of the article is that sovereign responsibility holds potential to facilitate an Afrocentred and counter-hegemonic response to the modern experience of alienation.Contribution: The modern experience of alienation, as well as how it can be challenged, are of interest to this article. The article recognises that numerous attempts have been made to try and address this problematic of alienation in modernity. What it claims has not been done is to engage that problem by taking Africa as an idea, and not just geography, seriously.
Incremental trajectory aggregation in video sequences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article introduces new similarity measures between trajectories, in order to detect uncommon behaviors. These measures are used to find the most common trajectories in a sequence, using an implicit aggregation method. They may be applied to trajectories of objects tracked in real time. Moreover, by combining one or more measures, it is possible to variate the impact of the temporal dimension - velocity along a trajectory. Our experiments show that the measures are able to properly identify rare trajectories in a video, as well as to detect the most frequent ones.
A Sustainable Transport Competitiveness Analysis of the China Railway Express in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The implementation of China’s Belt and Road Initiative macro strategy has promoted exchanges and cooperation between China and Europe and countries along the route. The operation of the China Railway Express provides a new transportation platform for China–Europe trade. The sustainable development of the China Railway Express has a great significance in terms of promoting the growth of China–Europe trade and meeting the demand for freight in Asia and Europe. Its time-saving advantage over shipping and its economic advantage over air transport cannot be ignored. This paper is based on the discrete selection model of stochastic utility theory. The paper constructs a multi-logit model based on generalized cost functions, including economics, timeliness, reliability, convenience, safety, and environmental protection. To calculate the market share of the China Railway Express and China–Europe Shipping, the paper conducts a quantitative analysis of the market competitiveness of the China Railway Express. Then, the sensitivity analysis and elastic analysis are carried out on the China Railway Express freight rate, the Chinese road freight rate, the China Railway Express service fee, the China Railway Express travelling speed, the China Railway Express sending operation time at the departure station, the China Railway Express transportation time error, the China Railway Express transportation frequency, and the China Railway Express carbon emissions per unit. Finally, based on the analysis results, suggestions for promoting the sustainable development of the China Railway Express are given.
OC-066 Influence Of Extraversion On Brain Activity At Baseline, Pain Anticipation And Visceral Pain Processing

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Introduction Eysenck proposed ‘trait theory’ of personality, where the dimensions extraversion (degree of optimism and sociability) and neuroticism (degree of anxiety and fear) encompass numerous individual qualities. Whilst the influence of neuroticism on the brain processing of pain is well studied, the role of extraversion in pain processing remains to be investigated and thus this was the aim of our study using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods 33 healthy volunteers participated in the study, all of whom consented in writing (17 male; mean age 29, range 20–53, all right handed). Extraversion was measured using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. fMRI data was acquired using a 3T GE MRI scanner during rest, anticipation of pain, and painful distal oesophageal balloon distention. During fMRI, 480 T2* weighted images per slice (40 × 3 mm slices, 0.3 interslice gap, TE 30 ms, TR 2500 ms, flip angle 80°, matrix size 642, sum of images per scan = 19,200) were captured to illustrate blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast during the different experimental events. The effects of extraversion on fMRI response during these events were subsequently determined using ANOVA brain activation mapping analyses within XBAM, a statistical package of image processing and statistical inference. Results There was a diversity of extraversion scores (range 6–22), which did not influence pain threshold or rating. High extraversion was associated with significantly greater activity in the left cuneus (Brodmann Area (BA) 18) during rest (p < 0.001) and the right insula (BA13) during both anticipation (p < 0.0002) and pain (p < 0.0008). Low extraversion was associated with significantly greater brain activity in numerous regions during pain anticipation, including the bilateral precuneus (BA31), bilateral lingual gyrus (BA18) and the right inferior temporal gyrus (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Our results suggest that the brain processing of pain is influenced by the personality dimension of extraversion and therefore like other personality dimensions such as neuroticism, extraversion should be controlled for in brain imaging studies of pain in health and disease. Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
Hepatoprotective Effects ofHeracleum candicansAgainst Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose: To determine the hepatoprotective mechanisms of Heracleum candicans in rats with acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ). Methods: Rats were intragastrically administered H candicans twice a day for 14 consecutive days and were intraperitoneally challenged with CCl 4 . Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were measured to indicate liver injury. Malondialdehyde antioxidant enzyme activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6 secretion were measured as liver injury indicators. Histopathological tests were conducted to determine whether H candicans ameliorated liver injury. Results: CCl 4 -induced liver injury led to significant increases in liver injury biochemical indicators transaminase and malondialdehyde activities. H candicans pretreatments inhibited these increases. Pathological sections in pretreated samples exhibited reduced vacuole formation, neutrophil infiltration, and necrosis. Conclusion: H candicans increases the antioxidant capacity of the liver and maintains hepatocyte function in the face of CCl 4 -induced injury.
Exploring the structural basis of a subtype selective inhibitor for Aurora kinase B over Aurora kinase A by molecular dynamics simulations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract As promising therapeutic targets for several types of cancers, Aurora kinases A and B share remarkably high sequence and structure similarity, which render the design of subtype selective small-molecule inhibitors challenging. Since Aurora A acts as both an oncogene and a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor, inhibiting Aurora B with highly selective inhibitors represents a less toxic anti-cancer strategy. However, the molecular mechanism governing the ligand selectivity for Aurora A over B reminds elusive. In this study, an experimentally validated ligand, Barasertib which displays 1000-fold selectivity for Aurora B over A was used as a template molecule, and the selectivity mechanism was investigated by molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy analyses. The computed binding free energies are consistent with the experimental bioactivity of Barasertib. The major residues that contribute to ligand binding were also identified. The hinge residue Arg159, only found in Aurora B was found to contribute significantly to the binding of Aurora B, while no such binding was found in Aurora A. A highly unfavorable polar interaction with Glu181 in Aurora A hinders the ligands binding ability. These 2 interactions play a key role in the observed selectivity of Barasertib for Aurora B over A. Interestingly, the binding of partner proteins forces the aC helix and the beta sheets in the N-lobe to move inward towards the ATP binding pocket, leading to a smaller hydrophobic back pocket and unfavorable binding. Taken together, our results show how differential behavior of the ligand arises from a complex interplay of small but relevant structural differences upon binding to different kinase subtypes. The insights gained into the structural determinants of subtype selectivity will facilitate the further development of highly selective and potent inhibitors as drug candidates for cancer therapy.
Photoredox-catalyzed fluorodifluoroacetylation of alkenes with FSO2CF2CO2Me and Et3N·3HF

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Photoredox-catalyzed fluorodifluoroacetylation of alkenes with FSO 2 CF 2 CO 2 Me and Et 3 N·3HF is disclosed. A range of the aromatic alkenes were transformed to the corresponding γ-fluorinated α,α-difluoroacetates in high yields with high regioselectivities.
The effect of cyclic nucleotides and protein phosphorylation on the permeability of human erythrocyte ghosts to certain cations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Preparations of human erythrocyte membranes have been made which are in the form of sealed vesicles and which behave as osmometers on suspension in solutions of simple inorganic salts. Using these preparations the permeability of the membranes to Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ was measured. Cyclic AMP (but not cyclic GMP) increased the permeability of the membranes to Ca2+ with a half maximal effect at a concentration of 25 μM but did not affect the permeability to the other ions tested. Phosphorylation of proteins in the erythrocyte membrane lowered the permeability to Ca2+ without affecting the permeability to the other ions tested and there was a good correlation between the time course of protein phosphorylation and decrease in Ca2+ permeability. It is postulated that the system through which cyclic AMP causes an initial rapid rise in Ca2+ permeability followed by increased phosphorylation of membrane proteins and reduced Ca2+ permeability may have a widespread occurrence in biological systems and serve to control the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm.
Analisis Pengetahuan Guru Bahasa Arab di Lembaga Yayasan Baitul Huda Duri Tentang Teori Mengajar Bahasa Arab sebagai Bahasa Kedua

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With the development of technology in education, theories related to education also follow its development, making it easier to learn and achieve understanding of the goals of learning. Therefore, this article was written to find out the theories known by teachers at the Baitul Huda Duri educational foundation in teaching Arabic as a second language. It's not just that they know the material, but also the theory they use in learning Arabic at the institution and how it is applied. In this research, the author used a descriptive qualitative method approach to find answers to the article questions. Then interviews were conducted to obtain the information, of course those who would be interviewed were teachers who taught Arabic language lessons at the Baitul Huda Duri educational foundation. The results of the author's discussion found that there were three theories known to the teacher, namely: behaviorism, nativism and cognitivism, however, in their use by the three teachers they only used two theories, namely behaviorism and nativism. In its application they read the material to the students then explain it sentence by sentence after that they are given an evaluation to find out the extent of their understanding of the related material and that's all when they explain the teacher's teaching material using full Arabic and some of the students don't know the explanation from Teacher. The teacher explains again using as simple language as possible or by using his body gestures and practicing it directly.