jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Between the Kitchen and the State: Domestic Practice and Chimú Expansion in the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis investigates change and continuity in domestic life and culinary practice at Pedregal, a small rural settlement in the Jequetepeque Valley, as it was incorporated into the Chimú state in the 14th century A.D. Specifically, research was designed to document the impact of Chimú conquest on local domestic economy, and to generate a "view from below" of Chimú administrative strategies. At the same time, it aimed to identify potential changes in the focus or range of household activities in the context of Chimú expansion, in order to investigate how late prehispanic domestic economies responded to change at the regional level. Excavations in household units and midden deposits at Pedregal and analysis of botanical, faunal, and ceramic remains were employed to reconstruct food processing, preparation, and consumption in households before and after Chimú conquest. Results suggest that strong elements of both change and continuity characterized Pedregal domestic economies during the LIP. Household processing of maize and cotton increased substantially during the LIP, possibly in response to Chimú state strategies related to the production and extraction of these staples. However, despite a shift in patterns of resource procurement from wild resources to domesticated species, the general outline of cuisine and culinary practice at Pedregal remained the same. Most changes observed at Pedregal occurred in the intensity and focus of procurement and production strategies, rather than in the range of domestic activities. This study suggests that though the Chimú imposed provincial administrative infrastructure on the Jequetepeque Valley and increased production of bulk staples such as maize and cotton, local rural life was not substantially altered by Chimú conquest. In this case, incorporation into wider regional political and economic systems did not result in the loss of household economic autonomy in rural communities. Rather, households responded to regional political and economic change by altering the focus, but not the range of household economic activities.
Isolation and physiochemical properties of an adenosine-rich gluten fraction.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gluten proteins were isolated from the 0.01 mol acetic acid extract of bread. It was observed that precipitation of gluten provoked by 200 mM NaCl could partly be inhibited by adenosine. Based on this finding a method for isolation of the gluten fraction resisting saline precipitation in the presence of adenosine was elaborated. This fraction termed by us gluten-A-S, was found to have a lower glutamine + glutaminic acid and a higher proline and phenylalanine content than gluten. By sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gluten-A-S was shown to contain components of 58 000 and 34 000 dalton molecular weight after mercaptoethanol treatment while without the latter it contained a component of 74 000 dalton. The absorption maximum of the compound is at 260 mm; E280nm/E260nm = 0.5. In accordance with previous findings, gluten-A-S was found to contain 50-100 nmol adenosine per mg protein in a strong binding. It seems that in addition to the small amount of tightly bound adenosine, gluten-A-S contains a larger quantity of adenosine loosely bound to the protein. The physiological effects of dissociable adenosine bound to gluten and its possible role in the pathomechanism of gluten sensitive enteropathy is discussed in detail.
Identification of novel target genes for the plasticity-related transcription factor Zif268

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Activity based alterations in synaptic connectivity are thought to underlie the processes involved in learning and memory. Measurable changes in neuronal activation by long-term potentiation (LTP) are widely investigated as a possible cellular correlate of this phenomenon, as it can be induced quickly to elicit long-lasting modifications. These long-term changes in the activity of neuronal circuits are sustained by an altered pattern of gene expression and protein synthesis. The inducible transcription factor Zif268 has been implicated in almost all models of neuronal plasticity. Downstream targets of zif268 are widely believed to contribute to the duration and stabilisation of NMDA receptor dependent LTP which, in turn, can be linked to various models of learning and memory. However, these downstream targets are only just starting to receive attention. By utilising a wide range of contemporary neuroscience techniques covering molecular & cell biology approaches, this thesis proposes two known proteins, gephyrin and ubiquilin, as well as a novel gene (urma), as potential downstream targets of Zif268. Both gephyrin and ubiquilin are associated with GABAA receptors at inhibitory synapses. Gephyrin is thought to cluster and anchor GABAA receptors at postsynaptic sites whilst ubiquilin is reported to regulate receptor surface expression. We found that gephyrin mRNA and protein expression levels were downregulated in response to increased levels of zif268 by transient transfection in PC-12 cells and NMDA stimulation in primary cultured cortical neurones. In addition, ubiquilin mRNA and protein levels were also downregulated within the same experimental paradigms, implying that both gephyrin and ubiquilin are downstream transcriptional targets of this plasticity-related gene. A previously reported microarray experiment (James et al. 2005) contained 144 ESTs significantly affected by the transient transfection of Zif268 in PC-12 cells compared to control. Bioinformatic analyses of these tags revealed interesting genomic areas pertaining to little published information. After further investigation, EST AI169020 revealed a novel transcript that was downregulated in response to NMDA treatment of primary cortical neurones. Additional data mining suggests that urma may be a rarely expressed transcription factor. Basal levels of urma mRNA were also decreased in the Zif268 knockout mouse, as were ubiquilin mRNA levels. Zif268 is a regulatory immediate early gene, activating or suppressing downstream targets that play a role in the duration and stabilisation of LTP. These results indicate that gephyrin and ubiquilin are potential mediators of NMDA receptor-dependent plasticity, by modifying inhibitory-signalling. In addition, Zif268 may actively suppress a novel plasticity-related transcription factor, urma. These findings may underlie important processes in learning and memory.
MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR ANAK MELALUI METODE PERMAINAN DARI BAHAN BEKAS PADA KELOMPOK B DI KELOMPOK BERMAIN DHARMA MULYA TENGGARONG SEBERANG TAHUN PELAJARAN 2016/2017

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study concerns with studentsâ€™ low learning motivation issue. At the preliminary observation, only 33.3% students were reported to be in the good level of learning motivation. Moreover, classroom action research was conducted to reveal the effectiveness of using used materials as teaching aids in terms of promoting studentsâ€™ learning motivation. In this study, the researcher applied two cycles, wherein, each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Observation and documentation were employed to collect data. Meanwhile, percentage technique was used to analyze the data. In addition, this study involved 30 students of Dharma Mulya Playgroup. The first cycle shows progress with 47% students reached the passing grade that falls into fair criteria. However, at the second cycle, studentsâ€™ progress in motivation increased, since 85.6% students had achieved the passing grade and were categorized in very good criteria. In conclusion, using used materials in teaching (as a method of playing) was able to promote learning motivation of Group B at Dharma Mulya Playgroup Tenggarong Seberang.
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) against bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) and cystic fibrosis lung disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Persistent infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and inflammatory mechanisms play an important role in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. ANCA against BPI, a potent host defence protein with anti-bacterial and anti-endotoxin properties, have been described in CF. We have assessed the relationship of anti-BPI antibodies to pulmonary disease severity in 148 CF subjects. IgA and IgG anti-BPI antibodies were found in 55.4% and 70.3% of CF patients, respectively, and higher levels were strongly associated with colonization with P. aeruginosa (P = 0.001 and 0.039 for IgA and IgG antibodies, respectively). IgA and IgG anti-BPI antibodies were independently associated with more severe lung disease as assessed by chest radiograph score (P = 0.023) and a significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)% (P = 0.01). The pathophysiological relevance of the autoantibodies was investigated further by determining their epitope specificity and their effect on bacterial phagocytosis in vitro. Both isotypes of anti-BPI antibodies were specific for the C-terminus of BPI shown recently to be important for BPI-mediated opsonization, and in vitro affinity-purified anti-BPI antibodies significantly reduced BPI-induced phagocytosis of Escherichia coli compared with controls. These data indicate that anti-BPI autoantibodies are associated with colonization with P. aeruginosa and worse lung disease in CF. The inhibition of bacterial phagocytosis suggests that these autoantibodies may contribute to the persistence of P. aeruginosa in the CF lung and so play a role in perpetuating CF lung damage.
Identification, characterization and manipulation of Babesia-bovis-infected red blood cells using microfluidics technology.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nowadays numerous microfluidic systems are being developed to address a variety of clinical problems. Latest advances in microfluidic technology are promising to revolutionize the detection of pathogens in vivo through the development of integrated lab-on-chip devices. Such microfabricated systems will undertake all steps in sample analysis from collection and preparation to molecular detection. Micro total analysis systems are suitable candidates for point of care diagnostics due to small size, low cost production and enabled portability. The work here presented aimed the use of microfluidic platforms to identify and manipulate bovine red blood cells infected by the protozoan parasite Babesia bovis. A microfabricated device based on impedance spectroscopy was used for single cell discrimination and its sensitivity and applicability as a diagnostic method for bovine babesiosis was studied. Furthermore, manipulation and sorting of normal and infected red blood cells was performed on a dielectrophoresis based microfabricated cell cytometer. Single cell analysis of normal and B. bovis infected red blood cells was performed by electrorotation and dielectric parameters such as permittivities and conductivities of the cellular membrane and cytoplasm were determined.
Coexpression of ESBL, Amp C and MBL in gram negative bacilli

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background: Resistant bacteria are emerging worldwide as a threat to the favourable outcome of common infections in community and hospital settings. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC β lactamases and Metallo-β Lactamases (MBL) are the three important mechanism of resistance to beta lactam drugs in the bacteria. The objective of the study was to screen gram negative isolates for co-expression of extended spectrum β-lactamase, Amp C β-lactamase and Metallo β-lactamase production. Methods: In this study 50 (27 male & 23 female) adult skulls were investigated to determine the type of asterion, its distance from important bony landmarks and also the nearby venous sinuses were measured. Results: Seven hundred and six isolates from various clinical samples from Kamineni institute of medical sciences Hospital, Narketpally, were processed during the period of October 2010 to September 2012. Gram negative bacilli were identified by colony morphology, gram stain, motility, enzyme detection tests, etc. ESBL detection was carried but by two procedures like double disc synergy tests (DDST) and phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT). AmpC Beta-lactamase detection was done by AmpC Disc Test. MBL production was tested by Imipenem-EDTA combined disc test. Conclusions: Klebsiella was the commonest isolate (28.47%) followed by E coli (26.48%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.54%), Enterobacter (8.92%), Acinetobacter (8.92%) and Citrobacter (7.64%). A total of 272 out of 706 gram negative isolates were ESBL producers. ESBL production was seen more in E. coli followed by Klebsiella and P. aeruginosa . A total of 73 out of 706 isolates were inducible Amp C producers. AmpC production was seen more in Acinetobacter. A total of 65 out of 706 isolates were MBL producers. MBL Production was seen more in E. coli .
Ultralow- and Low-Background Surfaces for Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy of Multistep Biointerfaces for Single-Molecule Sensing

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has created the opportunity of pushing fluorescence microscopy from being a biological imaging tool to a surface characterization and possibly even a quantitative analytical tool. The latter could be achieved by molecular counting using pointillist SMLM data sets. However, SMLM is especially sensitive to background fluorescent signals, which influences any subsequent analysis. Therefore, fabricating sensing surfaces that resist nonspecific adsorption of proteins, even after multiple modification steps, has become paramount. Herein is reported two different ways to modify surfaces: dichlorodimethylsilane-biotinylated bovine serum albumin-Tween-20 (DbT20) and poly-l-lysine grafted polyethylene glycol (PLL-PEG) mixed with biotinylated PLL-PEG (PLL-PEG/PEGbiotin). The results show that the ability to resist nonspecific adsorption of DbT20 surfaces deteriorates with an increase in the number of modification steps required after the addition of the DbT20, which limits the applicability of this surface for SMLM. As such, a new surface for SMLM that employs PLL-PEG/PEGbiotin was developed that exhibits ultralow amounts of nonspecific protein adsorption even after many modification steps. The utility of the surface was demonstrated for human influenza hemagglutinin-tagged mEos2, which was directly pulled down from cell lysates onto the PLL-PEG/PEGbiotin surface. The results strongly indicated that the PLL-PEG/PEGbiotin surface satisfies the criteria of SMLM imaging of a negligible background signal and negligible nonspecific adsorption.
Sejahtera, ulū al-albāb and competing paradigms in qualitative research

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sejahtera (peaceful) ulū al-albāb (people with wisdom) is the paradigm that integrates peaceful hearts and minds to attract al-falah (victory) and sustainability. This integration requires postgraduate students to integrate wahy (revelation) and ‘aql (reasoning) prior to research proposal defense. Majority of the students were prepared for quantitative research projects with dominant ‘aql (reasoning) attitude. The integration requirement has been understood by the students as customizing the quantitative research work with cosmetic of qualitative. The modification has resulted competing paradigms between positivism and constructionism. This study evaluates the presence of competing paradigms in qualitative research reports submitted by students in from 2017-2020. The study uses content analysis to evaluate the presence of competing paradigms in 66 papers. The study finds that the competing paradigms are due to the modification of quantitative research proposal into qualitative research.
Enhancer architecture-dependent multilayered transcriptional regulation orchestrates RA signaling-induced early lineage differentiation of ESCs

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Signaling pathway-driven target gene transcription is critical for fate determination of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), but enhancer-dependent transcriptional regulation in these processes remains poorly understood. Here, we report enhancer architecture-dependent multilayered transcriptional regulation at the Halr1–Hoxa1 locus that orchestrates retinoic acid (RA) signaling-induced early lineage differentiation of ESCs. We show that both homeobox A1 (Hoxa1) and Hoxa adjacent long non-coding RNA 1 (Halr1) are identified as direct downstream targets of RA signaling and regulated by RARA/RXRA via RA response elements (RAREs). Chromosome conformation capture-based screens indicate that RA signaling promotes enhancer interactions essential for Hoxa1 and Halr1 expression and mesendoderm differentiation of ESCs. Furthermore, the results also show that HOXA1 promotes expression of Halr1 through binding to enhancer; conversely, loss of Halr1 enhances interaction between Hoxa1 chromatin and four distal enhancers but weakens interaction with chromatin inside the HoxA cluster, leading to RA signaling-induced Hoxa1 overactivation and enhanced endoderm differentiation. These findings reveal complex transcriptional regulation involving synergistic regulation by enhancers, transcription factors and lncRNA. This work provides new insight into intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying ESC fate determination during RA signaling-induced early differentiation.
Early-Life Social Isolation Influences Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalizations during Male-Male Social Encounters

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Early-life social isolation has profound effects on adult social competence. This is often expressed as increased aggression or inappropriate displays of courtship-related behaviors. The social incompetence exhibited by isolated animals could be in part due to an altered ability to participate in communicatory exchanges. House mice (Mus musculus) present an excellent model for exploring this idea, because social isolation has a well-established influence on their social behavior, and mice engage in communication via multiple sensory modalities. Here, we tested the prediction that social isolation during early life would influence ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by adult male mice during same-sex social encounters. Starting at three weeks of age, male mice were housed individually or in social groups of four males for five weeks, after which they were placed in one of three types of paired social encounters. Pair types consisted of: two individually housed males, two socially housed males, or an individually housed and a socially housed male (âmixedâ pairs). Vocal behavior (USVs) and non-vocal behaviors were recorded from these 15-minute social interactions. Pairs of mice consisting of at least one individually housed male emitted more and longer USVs, with a greater proportional use of USVs containing frequency jumps and 50-kHz components. Individually housed males in the mixed social pairs exhibited increased levels of mounting behavior towards the socially housed males. Mounting in these pairs was positively correlated with increased number and duration of USVs as well as increased proportional use of spectrally more complex USVs. These findings demonstrate that USVs are part of the suite of social behaviors influenced by early-life social isolation, and suggest that altered vocal communication following isolation reflects reduced social competence.
Customer Satisfaction and Firms' Innovation Efforts in Marketing: Taking Shipping Logistics Companies as An Example

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Liu, J., 2019. Customer satisfaction and firms' innovation efforts in marketing: taking shipping logistics companies as an example. In: Gong, D.; Zhu, H., and Liu, R. (eds.), Selected Topics in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 94, pp. 940–944. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.How to make customers arrive at the maximum satisfaction is an important issue in marketing. Attempting to discuss the issue dynamically, this paper highlights an evolutionary perspective and provides mathematical co-evolutionary models on the interplay of firms and customers. The interplay of firms and customers can be taken as the co-evolution between customer satisfaction and innovation efforts of firms. Co-evolution dynamic models between customer satisfaction and firm's innovation efforts are constructed in this paper, which can be classified into four types based on the characters of customers and firms. By using differential geometry theoretical approach, it has been proved that the customers can achieve the maximum satisfaction only when the customers are the type of pursuing fashion and the response coefficient of customers to firms' innovation efforts is greater than the consuming fatigue coefficient. This paper takes China International Marine Containers (Group) Ltd. as an example to demonstrate the co-evolution of enterprise innovation and consumer satisfaction. The conclusion provides theoretical foundation for market selection, forecasting analysis and countermeasures of firms.
Marketing Digital Interaktif : Analisis Strategi Tren Konten yang Membentuk Loyalitas Konsumen

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study uses a qualitative method to analyze content trend strategies in interactive digital marketing that contribute to building consumer loyalty. In today’s highly competitive digital era, companies are required to create strong engagement with consumers through digital platforms such as social media, websites, and applications. Content trends like storytelling, user-generated content, live streaming, and influencer usage have proven to attract audiences and encourage ongoing interaction. This research explores how these trends are applied by various brands and how consumers respond to these approaches over the long term. The findings show that message consistency, emotional value in content, and interactivity are key factors in forming emotional bonds that impact loyalty. Furthermore, two-way engagement between consumers and brands through comments, likes, and sharing features strengthens this relationship. By understanding consumer digital preferences and behaviors, content strategies can be dynamically adapted to maintain loyalty while expanding the relevant market reach.
Severe allergic reaction to chlormethiazole.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Severe allergic reaction to chlormethiazole Allergic reactions are not a recognised side effect of treatment with chlormethiazole.This paper describes a patient who suffered such a reaction after being treated for acute alcoholic withdrawal symptoms with chlormethiazole. Case reportThe patient was a married woman aged 48 years, Scottish by birth and unemployed.She was of medium build and weighed 57 kg.She was admitted to Hill Hospital, Hartwood, for treatment of chronic alcoholism.On admission she smelt of alcohol and was visually hallucinated with delirium tremens.On physical examination she was healthy, and all systems were normal.Treatment-She was started on oral chlormethiazole (Heminevrin), 2 capsules three times a day.No other drugs were prescribed.Adverse effect-Twelve hours later the patient developed a severe allergic reaction with profuse rash on her face, neck, and arms.The rash was blotchy in distribution with severe itching.Her face was swollen and she was in pain.The drug was withdrawn and she was started on the antihistamine chlorpheniramine maleate, one tablet three times a day, and given an antihistamine cream for local application.The rash and swelling disappeared after 24 hours, leaving behind some chaffing of the skin.