jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Internet jako źródło danych epidemiologicznych

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Monitoring the incidence rate is a part of epidemiology. State services are required to collect and publicize information about morbidity. Using the Internet makes this information easier to reach by the Internet users. In addition, there are many informal online sources that enrich official pieces of information. The article presents the subject of the health maps, which complement the epidemiological data on the Internet.
The Estrogen-Regulated Transcription Factor PITX1 Coordinates Gene-Specific Regulation by Estrogen Receptor-Alpha in Breast Cancer Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a master regulator of gene expression and works along with cooperating transcription factors in mediating the actions of the hormone estradiol (E2) in ER-positive tissues and breast tumors. Here, we report that expression of paired-like homeodomain transcription factor (PITX1), a tumor suppressor and member of the homeobox family of transcription factors, is robustly up-regulated by E2 in several ERα-positive breast cancer cell lines via ERα-dependent interaction between the proximal promoter and an enhancer region 5' upstream of the PITX1 gene. Overexpression of PITX1 selectively inhibited the transcriptional activity of ERα and ERβ, while enhancing the activities of the glucocorticoid receptor and progesterone receptor. Reduction of PITX1 by small interfering RNA enhanced ERα-dependent transcriptional regulation of a subset of ERα target genes. The consensus PITX1 binding motif was found to be present in 28% of genome-wide ERα binding sites and was in close proximity to estrogen response elements in a subset of ERα binding sites, and E2 treatment enhanced PITX1 as well as ERα recruitment to these binding sites. These studies identify PITX1 as a new ERα transcriptional target that acts as a repressor to coordinate and fine tune target-specific, ERα-mediated transcriptional activity in human breast cancer cells.
Using Industry Software to Teach Sales Planning and Analysis in a Retail Merchandising Course

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The increased use of technology in the retail workplace denotes increasing the technological experiences in the college undergraduate classroom. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate one unit in an upper level merchandising class that used industry-based software to teach retail planning. The class was composed of junior- and senior-level students who all had access to laptop computers. Pedagogy was an application approach resulting in a sales plan that students peer reviewed and analyzed using retail trade averages. Student assessment measures incorporated portfolio presentation and rubric analysis. Students' and professor's comments were included for further consideration. The result of the students' projects using industry-based sales planning and analysis software was of professional quality, demonstrating strengthened analytical skills.
Voice based answer evaluation system for physically disabled students using natural language processing and machine learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the modern educational process, there is a need to automate response assessment systems. The task of the reviewer becomes more difficult when analyzing theoretical answers, because online assessment of answers is available only for questions with multiple choice answers. The teacher carefully examines the answer before giving the appropriate mark. The existing approach requires additional staff and time to study the responses. This article introduces a natural language processing and machine learning response-based app that includes a voice prompt for visually impaired students. The application automates the process of checking subjective responses by considering text extraction, feature extraction, and score classification. Evaluation measures, such as Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) similarity, vector similarity, keyword similarity, and grammar similarity, are considered to determine the overall similarity between teacher outcome and system evaluation. The conducted experiments showed that the system evaluates the answers with an accuracy of 95 %. The proposed methodology is designed to assess the results of exams for students who cannot write but who can speak. The application of the developed application allows reducing the labor costs and time of the teacher by reducing manual labor.
Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The main goals of this chapter are to establish tuberculosis (TB) treatment goals, how and when to start anti-TB treatment, discuss the recommended regimens for drug sensitive TB. Establish recommended doses of the primary regimen, and finally recommended treatment adjustment in special situations. Effective and on time tuberculosis treatment is essential for TB control, as it stops the spread of the disease in the community, and reduces the risk of death. All TB regimens should include the combination of bactericidal and sterilizing drugs to prevent the development of resistance and to avoid relapse. The most widely studied and recommended regimen for drug-susceptible TB cases is the 4-drug regimen [Isoniazid (H), Rifampicin (R), Pyrazinamide (Z), Ethambutol (E)]. In this chapter, recommendations regarding drug sensitive TB regimens are described, including recommendations about dosage, duration of treatent, and treatment on special situations.
On the Relationship between Economic Growth and Energy Consumption in Beijing

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper studies the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in Beijing by using econometric method from 1980 to 2012, and then establishes the model between the energy consumption of three industries and economic growth to study the influence of the secondary industry and tertiary industry energy consumption on economic growth in Beijing. Finally, we put forward counter measures and suggestions on sustainable development of Beijing's economy and energy industry.
The Relationships of Schools Conditions and their Impact on Economic Growth

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of my research is to measure the relationship between school conditions and economic growth in the Republic of Kosovo. The research was conducted with vocational high schools during the period 2020-2021. The research was conducted through a closed-ended questionnaire of students and teachers of vocational schools in Kosovo, while the data were analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program (version 25). Descriptive analysis, Alpha Cronbach's reliability test, and normality analysis were first performed by Kolmogorov Smirnov and Shapiro Wilk. The results are presented in descriptive form through frequency and percentage, while the verification of hypotheses is performed through Spearman Correlation. I Can conclude that Kosovo is progressing well in terms of the implementation of vocational education, thus providing a link between vocational education and practice in business or economic development. The research was conducted over two years, during the time of the pandemic, and can be considered as a barrier to investment in school conditions. The research was conducted through questionnaires that I administered, and the data are relevant to the research issue. Research is of great importance in improving the school conditions of vocational high schools in the Republic of Kosovo.
Valeurs latentes des pratiques d’évaluation certificative

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

According to etymology, the link between «evaluation » (usual French word for assessment) and values is quite natural and it requires a necessary reflexion on the principles which are involved in the grading practices. In French education system, the researches in docimology produce very little effect on the model of tests for examinations ; with continuous assessment, specialy in the agricultural educational system, the practices of the examinators are not very different from those in terminal testing, but the actors of educational system seem to be afraid of possible disvalue of diplomas. These facts could be analysed as a necessary different approach of evaluation which is not only a pedagogical problem but a cultural one as well. This cultural practice is based on principles which should be
New Insights into Structural and Functional Roles of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA): Changes in DNA Topology and Gene Expression in Bacteria

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a major plant hormone that affects many cellular processes in plants, bacteria, yeast, and human cells through still unknown mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that the IAA-treatment of two unrelated bacteria, the Ensifer meliloti 1021 and Escherichia coli, harboring two different host range plasmids, influences the supercoiled state of the two plasmid DNAs in vivo. Results obtained from in vitro assays show that IAA interacts with DNA, leading to DNA conformational changes commonly induced by intercalating agents. We provide evidence that IAA inhibits the activity of the type IA topoisomerase, which regulates the DNA topological state in bacteria, through the relaxation of the negative supercoiled DNA. In addition, we demonstrate that the treatment of E. meliloti cells with IAA induces the expression of some genes, including the ones related to nitrogen fixation. In contrast, these genes were significantly repressed by the treatment with novobiocin, which reduces the DNA supercoiling in bacterial cells. Taking into account the overall results reported, we hypothesize that the IAA action and the DNA structure/function might be correlated and involved in the regulation of gene expression. This work points out that checking whether IAA influences the DNA topology under physiological conditions could be a useful strategy to clarify the mechanism of action of this hormone, not only in plants but also in other unrelated organisms.
Du Bois and the Sociology of Religion: Rediscovering a Founding Figure*

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In his popular introductory sociology text, Stark identifies W. E. B. Du Bois and Albion Small as important cornerstones of the U.S. sociological tradition. While the work of the "Chicago School" is well known in sociological circles, Du Bois' sociological legacy is not. The Philadelphia Negro ([1899] 1996) is a classic empirical sociological study that is rarely included in discussions of the development of scientific sociology. Likewise, The Negro Church ([1903b] 2003) represents one of the first empirically based sociological studies of a religious institution. Sociologists of religion routinely discuss the contributions of Durkheim, Weber, and Simmel while virtually ignoring Du Bois. This is ironic because Du Bois' work on religion was based on ethnographic data, field interviews, surveys, and census data. This article provides an overview of Du Bois' sociological study of the Black Church in the United States by identifying some of the main themes developed in The Philadelphia Negro ([1899] 1996), The Souls of Black Folk ([1903a] 1994), and The Negro Church ([1903b] 2003). These studies reveal that Du Bois was a pioneer in the areas of evaluation research, public sociology, service learning, and congregational studies.
The Architectural Office Space as a Measuring Tool

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter outlines a collaborative design research project addressing architectural drawing, drawing sites, and their afterlife. "Drawing the Room | Drawing within the Room" (2019) presents a speculative drawing practice coupling projective drawings with post factum documentation—or creative post-occupancy data—of built houses. The movements of inhabitation are captured and translated to linework animations using motion capture technology. The drawings of inhabitation are projected full-scale in the architectural office. This project is discussed through the lens of drawings made for buildings and drawings coming from buildings, in the sites of drawing: the office and built works. Using the architectural office as an exhibition space engages and transforms these spaces of creativity. Unlike artists' studios—some of which may be preserved or reconstructed as studio-museums—architectural offices are seldom historically presented in the same way, artificially halted in the midst of production. This chapter presents an alternative approach for these interior spaces, not to preserve spaces of creativity, but to engage them by returning drawings to them, merging designed intentions with realized outcomes. The architectural office is discussed as a site—containing bodily drawings, of knowledge construction, exhibition, and temporality—in which drawings have an afterlife.
Studies on Aliphatic Polyesters. III. The Synthesis and Properties of Polylactide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

脂肪族ポリエステルのポリエステル研究の一つとして,D,L-乳酸の反応動力学とポリラクチドのいくつかの性質が研究された。グリコール酸のメチレン基の水素原子の一つをメチル基で置き換えることによる影響が特に検討された。その結果,D,L-乳酸の無触媒における重縮合反応は反応系の酸濃度に関して2次反応であり,乳酸の水酸基部分とカルボキシル基部分の水素との結合による脱水メカニズムを見出した。さらに,メチレン基の存在は頻度因子を大きく減少させ,活性化エネルギーの値はグリコール酸の重縮合の場合と大差ないことがわかった。よって,反応速度はグリコール酸の重縮合の場合より遅くなる。生成ポリラクチドに関して,その溶液中の挙動と固体状態も検討した。この研究はグリコール酸と乳酸の共重縮合における基礎的データを得るものである。
Structural analysis of jacketed optical fiber under lateral pressure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A theory is presented on the deformation of jacketed fibers due to lateral pressure, and its influence on microbending losses is assessed. This analysis, which is based on the theory Of elasticity, helps to clarify how lateral pressure and the structure of the fiber jacket conspire to cause excess fiber losses. Periodic pressure distributions with certain unfavorable period lengths are shown to lead to a pronounced enhancement of excess losses.
A CMOS time amplifier for Femto-second resolution timing measurement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we present a new perspective on time amplification and its application to timing measurements on the Femto-second time scale. A simple yet practical circuit implementation for the amplification of the time between discrete (digital) events is introduced. Some metrics and figures of merit and performance are defined and parallels with the traditional amplification of "traditional physical" quantities, such as voltage and current, are drawn. The time amplifier (TAMP) has a dynamic range span from a few hundreds of Femto-seconds to a few hundreds of pico-seconds.
The Welfare Effects of Peer Entry: The Case of Airbnb and the Accommodation Industry

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We study the welfare effects of enabling peer supply through Airbnb in the accommodation industry. We present a model of competition between flexible and dedicated sellers (peer hosts and hotels) who provide differentiated products. We estimate this model using data from major US cities and quantify the welfare effects of Airbnb on travelers, hosts, and hotels. The welfare gains are concentrated in specific locations (New York) and times (New Year’s Eve) when hotel capacity is constrained. This occurs because peer hosts are responsive to market conditions, expand supply as hotels fill up, and keep hotel prices down as a result. (JEL L11, L83, L86, L88, Z31)
Theoretical conceptions of intervention research addressing cancer control issues

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Population health intervention research (PHIR) involves the use of scientific methods to produce knowledge about policy and program interventions that operate within or outside of the health sector and have the potential to impact health at the population level. PHIR is a relatively new research field that has gained momentum internationally. When developing PHIR, it is important to have a program theory with the potential to increase intervention success by identifying underlying mechanisms, areas of failure and unintended outcomes. Since 2010, the French National Cancer Institute (Institut National du Cancer—INCa) has supported a national, competitive, dedicated call for proposals in PHIR to tackle cancer control issues. After 5 years of activity, specific analysis of the proposals submitted for funding and/or funded (n = 63) from descriptive and analytic perspectives was called for. Analysis of the data revealed diversity in terms of targeted populations, partnerships engaged and methodological approaches. Projects were more likely to be funded (n = 15) if presented with a robust methodological approach and diversity in methodology, and/or with research objectives at different levels of action. The analysis also revealed that researchers do not explicitly describe theoretical constructs underpinning their interventions to combat cancer. PHIR still needs improvement to better incorporate social, institutional and policy approaches to cancer control. Researchers should apply a theory-driven approach to distinguish between ‘program failure’ and ‘theory failure’. Following up the funded projects will allow successes and failures to be evaluated with respect to the use (or non-use) of theory-driven approaches.
Babeuf, François‐Noël (1760–1797) and the Conspiracy of Equals

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

François‐Noël Babeuf, better known as Gracchus Babeuf, and his Conspiracy of Equals have been a source of inspiration for political activists on the left at least since the publication of Buonarroti's Babeuf s Conspiracy for Equality (1828). The Conspirators wanted to create a just and egalitarian society. This was to be accomplished not by redistributing land, the “agrarian law” proposed by the Gracchus brothers in ancient Rome, but by the communal ownership of real property. They sought equality of outcomes, arguing that every person's labor was equally important to society. They also favored women's political and economic rights. To achieve their goals, the Conspirators put together a uniquely modern formula for revolution, combining propagandizing poor urban workers, subverting the military, and creation of a revolutionary vanguard operating in secret dominated by an anonymous central committee. Commentators on the left and right have claimed Babeuf as a forefather of Marxism and Leninism.
Development of a Tetrazolium-Derived Paper-Based Diagnostic Device as an Early, Alternative Bacteria Screening Tool

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

(1) Background: The complexity, amount of time, and the large amount of resource required to perform gold-standard bacteria culture procedures makes it difficult to perform timely pathogenic analyses, especially in areas where such resources are not readily available. A paper-based biochemical analytical tool can potentially tackle problems economically in terms of time and convenience, potentially finding utility in applications where simple and timely detection of bacteria is necessary; (2) Methods: The utility of paper-based MTT-PMS strips was tested using a simple colorimetric analytical methodology; (3) Results: Sufficient evidence was obtained to suggest that the strips can potentially be used as a rapid and convenient early, alternative bacteria screening tool for a variety of applications; (4) Conclusions: The potential of strips for the rapid detection of bacteria compared to standard bacteria culture is a key advantage in certain clinical, agricultural, and environmental applications.
Reversal of Experimental Endotoxin Shock with a Combination of Aldosterone and Metaraminol

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Lethal shock was established in 55 adult mongrel dogs with a standardized dose of E. coli endotoxin. The shock could not be reversed with aldosterone or metaraminol when either was used alone. However, dogs given 0.1 mg of aldosterone required approximately one-fiftieth the dose of metaraminol necessary to maintain systemic pressure, compared to the use of metaraminol alone. This action of aldosterone was about 7 times more pronounced than that obtained with hydrocortisone. The nature of the contributing effect of steroid to the pressor activity of metaraminol and to the increased survival rate is not known.
Pyrazolato Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and X-ray Crystal Structures of Rhenium(I) Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The mononuclear complexes [Re(CO)3(HpZ)2Br] (1) and [Re(CO)3(Hdmpz)2Br] (2) were obtained by treating [Re(CO)5Br] with pyrazole (Hpz) or 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (Hdmpz). Complex 1 reacted with triethylamine affording a mixture of the ionic dinuclear derivative (Et3NH)[Re2-(CO)6(Pz)2Br] (3) and of the mononuclear species [Re(CO)3-(Hpz)2(pz)] (4). Complex 4 was obtained in a pure form by carrying out the reaction in the presence of excess free pyrazole. Treatment of 4 with pyridine afforded the [Re(CO)3(Py)(Hpz)(pz)] species (6). The analogues of 4 and 6 with Hdmpz, i.e. [Re(CO)3(Hdmpz)2(dnipz)] (7) and [Re(CO)3(py)(Hdmpz)(dmpz)] (8) were also synthesized. All species were characterized in solution by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while the crystal structures of complexes 1, 3, 4 and 6 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The [(CO)3Re(μ-pz)2(μ-Br)Re(CO)3]- anion represents the first structurally characterized species containing rhenium(I) atoms bridged by μ-pyrazolate ligands.