jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Role of Chitosan Oligosaccharides in Regulating the Function of Ovarian Reproductive Stem Cells and Protecting Against Premature Ovarian Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

In recent years, the discovery of ovarian germ stem cells (OGSCs) has provided a new research direction for the treatment of ovarian failure. The ovarian microenvironment affects the proliferation and differentiation of OGSCs, and immune cells and related cytokines are important components of the microenvironment. However, whether improving the ovarian microenvironment can regulate the proliferation of OGSCs and remodel ovarian function has not been reported. In this study, we linked chitosan oligosaccharide(COS) with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to select the best route of administration. COS was given to mice through the best route of administration, and the changes in ovarian and immune function were observed using assays of organ index, follicular growth, serum estrogen (E 2 ) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, and the expression of IL-2 and TNF-α in the ovaries. COS significantly increased the weight of the ovary and immune organs, reduced the rate of follicular atresia, increased the levels of E 2 and AMH hormones, and increased the protein expression of IL-2 and TNF-α in the ovary. Then, COS and OGSCs were cocultured to observe the entry of COS into OGSCs and to measure the survival rate of OGSCs. With increasing time, COS gradually entered the cell, and the cytokines IL-2 and TNF-α significantly promoted OGSCs promotion. In conclusion, COS significantly improved the ovarian and immune function of mice with pathological ovarian aging, and improved the survival rate of OGSCs, which provided a preliminary blueprint for further exploring the mechanism of COS in anti ovarian aging.
An Intellectual Methodology for Secure Health Record Mining and Risk Forecasting Using Clustering and Graph-Based Classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The objective of the research work is to analyze and validate health records and securing the personal information of patients is a challenging issue in health records mining. The risk prediction task was formulated with the label Cause of Death (COD) as a multi-class classification issue, which views health-related death as the “biggest risk.” This unlabeled data particularly describes the health conditions of the participants during the health examinations. It can differ tremendously between healthy and highly ill. Besides, the problems of distributed secure data management over privacy-preserving are considered. The proposed health record mining is in the following stages. In the initial stage, effective features such as fisher score, Pearson correlation, and information gain is calculated from the health records of the patient. Then, the average values are calculated for the extracted features. In the second stage, feature selection is performed from the average features by applying the Euclidean distance measure. The chosen features are clustered in the third stage using distance adaptive fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (DAFCM). In the fourth stage, an entropy-based graph is constructed for the classification of data and it categorizes the patient’s record. At the last stage, for security, privacy preservation is applied to the personal information of the patient. This performance is matched against the existing methods and it gives better performance than the existing ones.
Quasi-Solid-State Electrolyte Induced by Metallic MoS2 for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are a promising high-energy-density technology for next-generation energy storage but suffer from an inadequate lifespan. The poor cycle life of Li-S batteries stems from their commonly adopted catholyte-mediated operating mechanism, where the shuttling of dissolved polysulfides results in active material loss on the sulfur cathode and surface corrosion on the lithium anode. Here, we report in situ formation of a quasi-solid-state electrolyte (QSSE) on the metallic 1T phase molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) host that extends the lifetime of Li-S batteries. We find that the metallic 1T phase MoS2 host is able to initiate the ring-opening polymerization of 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), forming an integrated QSSE inside batteries. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis reveals that the QSSE consists of ∼13% liquid DOL in a solid polymer matrix. The QSSE efficiently mediates sulfur redox reactions through dissolution-conversion chemistry while simultaneously suppressing polysulfide shuttling. Therefore, while ensuring high sulfur utilization, it avoids degradation of both electrodes, as well as the concomitant electrolyte consumption, leading to enhanced cycling stability. Under a practical lean electrolyte condition (electrolyte-to-sulfur ratio = 2 μL mg-1), Li-S pouch cell batteries with the QSSE demonstrate a capacity retention of 80.7% after 200 cycles, much superior to conventional liquid electrolyte cells that fail within 70 cycles. The QSSE also enables Li-S pouch cell batteries to operate across a wider temperature range (5 to 45 °C), together with improved safety under mechanical damage.
FUNDAMENTAL FORCES AFFECTING U.S. FRESH PRODUCE GROWERS AND MARKETERS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The U.S. fresh fruit and vegetable—produce—industry is very diverse, including over 300 products, each with its own structure at the production and first-handler marketing levels. Despite this diversity, virtually all fresh produce shares two fundamental attributes: perishability and seasonality. The high level of risk observed in the fresh produce sector arises from the combination of product perishability and weather variability. Weather factors can always undo the best-laid plans by unexpectedly shifting short-run supply or demand. Perishability limits storability and the ability of firms to adjust to short-run disequilibria in supply and demand, other than through price, making markets volatile.
Studi Perbandingan Penanganan Pengungsi Luar Negeri Di Indonesia, Australia, Dan Thailand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Indonesia specifically addresses the refugee issues in Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 on the Handling of Foreign Refugees. The handling of refugee status in Indonesia is handed over to UNHCR considering that Indonesia is not a party to the 1951 Refugee Convention or the 1967 Protocol. Besides Indonesia, Australia and Thailand are also not parties to the convention. Therefore it is important to see a comparative study of policies between countries. This study also aims to find out whether Presidential Decree No. 125 of 2016 can resolve the problem of refugees in Indonesia and what is the policy comparison between Indonesia, Australia and Thailand. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach. The results of the study concluded that Presidential Decree No. 125 of 2016 has adequately accommodated arrangements for overseas refugees, but there are still several provisions that have multiple interpretations, such as arrangements regarding "foreigners", Rudenim arrangements, and the principle of "local integration" that has not been regulated. The implementation in Australia is firmer compared to Thailand and Indonesia. Australia itself emphasizes forced repatriation if it is detected as threatening the country's sovereignty. Meanwhile, Thailand provides access to foreign refugees to submit applications so they can live and settle.
The Impact of Positive Practices on Nurse Work Environments: Emerging Applications of Positive Organizational Scholarship

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The overall purpose of improving work environments in health care is to enhance patient care delivery and improve the retention of nurses by engaging nurses in a model of cultural change that enhances communication and collaboration and actively involves nurses in organizational and clinical decision making. This article reports the findings from a 5-year study that describes an educational intervention for nurse leaders and a unit-based educational intervention for nursing staff, based on the application of Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS) and its impact on nursing work environments.
Chronic Toxicity of Hydrogen Cyanide to the Bluegill

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, was subjected to various concentrations of hydrogen cyanide to determine the effects on long-term survival, growth, egg production, and egg hatchability. Intermittent-flow experiments were conducted using adults, juveniles, and newly hatched eggs in separate tests. Egg production was most sensitive to hydrogen cyanide, and the highest concentration with no adverse effect was below 5.2 μg/liter HCN. Fry survival through the first 6 weeks followed in sensitivity with the no-adverse-effect level occurring between 15.6 and 19.4 μg/liter HCN.
Encapsulation-vitrification of Dendrobium sonia-28 supported by histology.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In vitro protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium sonia-28 were cryopreserved through an encapsulation-vitrification method. One to two and 3-4mm PLBs were precultured in half-strength semi-solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various sucrose concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0M) at different periods (0, 3, 6 and 9 days). Precultured PLBs were encapsulated and osmoprotected for 24 hours, and then dehydrated in plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2, 0degreesC) at different periods (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 minutes) prior to storage in liquid nitrogen (LN, -196degreesC) for at least 24 hours. After rapid thawing (40+/-2degreesC) for two minutes, the beads were unloaded with 1.2M sucrose and then cultured on half-strength semi-solid MS medium devoid of growth regulators. The 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) assay was used to determine the viability of the treated PLBs after two weeks of recovery. Histological analyses of non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved PLBs were conducted to assess the impact of the cryopreservation procedure on the in vitro PLB cultures. Observations indicated that cryopreserved PLBs underwent anatomical changes expressed as changes in the cell structure, cell wall, nucleus and cytoplasm. The optimised encapsulation-vitrification parameters involved in this study were the preculture of 3-4mm PLBs for six days in 0.5M sucrose, followed by dehydration in PVS2 at 0degreesC for 150 minutes. Thus, this method was deemed promising for cryopreservation of PLBs of Dendrobium sonia-28.
Assessment of Interaction in Process Control Systems

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Interaction between control loops has long been recognised as an area for concern within the field of process control. The first formalised method for assessing the level of interaction present in a system of loops was Bristol’s relative gain array. Being based solely on steady state data, construction of the RGA is pleasingly simple and application of the technique has attracted significant researchers. Where strong interaction effects arise as a problem in practice, their elimination can be approached at a progression of levels each carrying a progressively increased cost implication. The decision as to which of these levels of approach is warranted in overcoming any specific case of interaction involves gaining insight into the mechanics of the system itself. In the future, development in the use of detailed dynamic modelling and simulation may lead to the possibilities of evaluating the degree and form of interaction present and of developing compensating strategies. In this paper we aim at drawing attention to the fact that in considering interaction between feedback control loops an important distinction should be drawn between cases of true (two-way) interaction and cases of what can be termed as “one-way interaction” or “disturbance propagation” from one loop to another.
Models for collaborative engagement in the recovery and preservation of Maltese folk music (seeking new media practices to preserve and disseminate endangered musical genres)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The research focuses on the recovery and preservation of an endangered European music genre that, as intangible heritage, is threatened by a lack of political will to implement a planned strategy in order to establish a national audiovisual archive and fulfill international cultural obligations. In addition to safeguarding intangible heritage, as a facet of collective memory within a digital repository and through the use of new media technology, a model will be proposed, though not necessarily institutional, which may provide a stimulus for its revitalisation and continuity. This study emphasises on Maltese folk music and the important recovery by this author of a substantial magnetic tape open reel collection from the 1957-1988 era. Enthusiasts term this period as the golden age of this genre. The research draws from models of open source collaborative engagement, digital audiovisual practices and new media dissemination to fill this existing black hole in national archiving. With prime folksingers passing away, unique recordings in analog magnetic tape reels and other formats deteriorating, a proposal to address this scenario becomes all the more urgent. Since this musical genre is still active in Malta and no designated repository exists as of yet, new digitally-created folk recordings are also remaining orphaned, and the amount of retrospective material that shall need eventual recovery is ever-increasing.These tangible results attained by this author will be presented throughout the proposed model, based on various examples, including strands of DIY archiving and online collaboration. It shall also prove that the small nucleus of enthusiast archivists can, with a limited budget, apply the successful workings within it to other endangered musical genres, through trusted long-term preservation plans and use of new media in its many different facets as a tool that prolongs their continuity.
Abstract A053: Association between socioeconomic status and access to specialized cancer consultation and treatment among advanced gastrointestinal cancers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers of the pancreas, esophagus, stomach, colon and rectum often present at an incurable stage. Treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy can improve quality and quantity of life for patients with these advanced gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. However, many patients fail to receive such treatments or even consult with a cancer specialist to determine if treatment is an option. Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with cancer outcomes, but the mechanisms as to why, such as access to specialized care, are not clearly established. This study examined the association between SES and receipt of specialized cancer consult and treatment in Ontario, Canada. Methods: This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of advanced GI cancer patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2017 using linked administrative databases. The exposure of SES was defined using the deprivation item in the Ontario Marginalization Index. The outcome of oncology consult was defined as a consultation with either a radiation oncologist or a medical oncologist and the outcome of treatment was defined as receipt of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Both were measured in the year following diagnosis. Multivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression models were used to determine association of deprivation with oncology consult and treatment. Confounders identified a priori include age, sex, comorbidities and cancer site. Results: 29,297 patients had a diagnosis of advanced GI cancer and were included in the study. 27.4% of the cohort did not have an oncology consult and 53.7% did not receive treatment in the year following diagnosis. The most deprived quintile compared to the least deprived quintile was associated with decreased consult (HR 0.89 (0.85-0.93)) and decreased treatment (HR 0.81 (0.77-0.86)) after adjusting for confounders. Conclusion: This study found that even in a single-payer universal healthcare system, SES is associated with access to specialized cancer care. Future research should examine mechanisms through which policy might help low SES patients access specialized cancer care. Citation Format: Laura E Davis, Natalie G Coburn, Julie Hallet, Craig C Earle, Sten Myrehaug, Ying Li, Alyson L Mahar. Association between socioeconomic status and access to specialized cancer consultation and treatment among advanced gastrointestinal cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A053.
Another Look at the Great Area-Coverage Controversy of the 1950's

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the immediate aftermath of WW2 there sprang up an international argument over the relative merits for aerial navigation of area-coverage radio navaids versus point-source systems. The United States was in favour of point-source whereas the UK proposed area-coverage, systems for which had successfully been demonstrated under very adverse conditions during the war. It rumbled on for many years, not being finally settled until the ICAO Montreal Conference of 1959 decided for point-source. Since then, VOR/DME/ADF/ILS have been the standard aviation radio navaids and there seems little likelihood of any change in the near future, GNSS notwithstanding, if one discounts the phasing-out of ADF. It now seems sufficiently in the past to perhaps allow a dispassionate evaluation of the technical arguments used at the time–the political ones can be left to another place and time.
Bringing Nuance to Automated Exam and Classroom Response System Grading: A Tool for Rapid, Flexible, and Scalable Partial-Credit Scoring

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present here an extension of Morrison's and Ruder's "Sequence-Response Questions" (SRQs) that allows for more nuance in the assessment of student responses to these questions. We have implemented grading software (which we call ANGST, "Automated Nuanced Grading & Statistics Tool") in a Microsoft Excel sheet that can take SRQ answer data from any source and flexibly and automatically grade these responses with partial credit. This allows for instructors to assess a range of understanding of material from student-generated answers as in a traditional written exam, while still reducing grading workload for large classes. It also allows instructors to do automated statistical analysis on the most popular answers, and subanswers, either from sources like exams or classroom response systems (CRSs), to determine common misunderstandings and facilitate adjustments to instruction.
Studio Shakespeare

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

An extensive history of The Royal Shakespeare Company's studio theatre, Studio Shakespeare: The Royal Shakespeare Company at The Other Place also includes a biography of its founder and first artistic director, Mary Ann 'Buzz' Goodbody (1947-75). Alycia Smith-Howard reveals how, as a socialist, feminist, and the RSC's first female director, Goodbody sought to invigorate classical theatre and its approach to producing the works of Shakespeare. The Other Place, which opened its doors in 1973, was her greatest achievement, and was, in the words of Ron Daniels of the American Repertory Theatre, 'a training ground for an entire generation of Shakespeare actors and directors'. The volume examines Shakespeare productions at The Other Place from 1973 to its closure in 1989. The author's sources include Goodbody's 'Mission Statement' for the studio theatre as well as other previously unavailable materials such as Goodbody's private papers, journal entries, director's notes and correspondence. In addition, it contains interviews and commentary from such theatrical luminaries as Judi Dench, Ian McKellen, Ben Kingsley, Cicely Berry, Trevor Nunn, Peter Hall, Patrick Stewart, and many others. Smith-Howard's narrative discusses productions of twelve plays at The Other Place, among them King Lear (1974), Hamlet (1975), The Merchant of Venice (1978), Antony and Cleopatra (1982), King John (1988) and Othello (1989). The cast lists of productions at The Other Place are included in an appendix. Smith-Howard's study captures the spirit and ethos of an important and radical exercise in theatre which influenced the mainstream work of The Royal Shakespeare Company. It is a lucid, compelling and valuable contribution not only to Shakespeare studies but also to theatre history. This book, as directors once said, 'has legs'.
Combined modality therapy of esophageal carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One hundred ten patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus were treated at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) with combined modality techniques involving preoperative irradiation (RT) and surgery, and with preoperative chemotherapy (CT), surgery, and irradiation. For the 76 patients receiving preoperative RT during the period 1965-1976, the overall resectability rate was 54% with an operative mortality of 12%; long-term survivors (greater than 3 years) were few (7%). For 34 patients receiving preoperative CT with cisplatin and bleomycin, major objective tumor regression (greater than 50%) was seen by day 18 in 20%, with an additional 44% having smaller but definite improvement in the barium esophagram and in swallowing function. Of those receiving preoperative CT, 76% had resectable lesions, with an operative mortality of 11%. The median follow-up for this group is 24 months; of the 30 patients followed for at least 12 months, 20% are alive without evidence of disease. Although the resection rate following preoperative chemotherapy seems to be higher, thus allowing better palliation, neither preoperative radiation nor chemotherapy with cisplatin and bleomycin have had a major impact on long-term survival.
When to Use Amisulpride in Adolescents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose/Background Despite increasing interest in amisulpride, current knowledge about its use in the pediatric population is scarce. This chart review aimed to investigate the use of amisulpride in a naturalistic adolescent population. Methods/Procedures Electronic medical records of a tertiary care adolescent inpatient unit were screened between January 2015 and April 2021. Sociodemographic data and all clinical information were collected via data collection forms, and targeted symptoms were obtained from patients' files. Patients with early-onset psychotic disorders (n = 58), bipolar I disorder (n = 29), major depressive disorder (n = 14), and other psychiatric diagnoses (n = 9) were included. Treatment response was defined as a Clinical Global Impression–Improvement of at least much improvement after treatment. Findings/Results Median titration rate of amisulpride was 400 mg/wk, and the maximum administered daily dose ranged between 100 and 1200 mg/d. The maximum daily dose and number of previous antipsychotics were higher in the early-onset psychotic disorder group. Persistent positive symptoms and resistance to previous treatments were leading causes for amisulpride treatment. Other indications were also impulsive/disruptive behaviors, antipsychotic adverse effects, depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, and abnormalities in liver function tests. Finally, patients with lower daily treatment doses and more previous antipsychotic trials are less likely to benefit from the treatment. Implications/Conclusions Persistent psychotic/mood symptoms, impulsive/disruptive behaviors, and abnormalities in liver function tests were reasons for the amisulpride treatment in adolescents. Randomized placebo-controlled trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment in adolescents.