jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the giant white‐tailed rat (Uromys caudimaculatus)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Microsatellite loci were developed for the giant white‐tailed rat ( Uromys caudimaculatus ) to aid in assigning paternity and to subsequently investigate their mating system and sex‐biased dispersal characteristics. Twenty‐two primer sets were originally developed and of these, 11 were polymorphic with between five and 10 alleles per locus. In addition, two primer sets designed for Hydromys chyrsogaster also amplified in this species despite an evolutionary divergence of 15 million years (Myr).
The Influence Of The Preventive Treatment By Levels Of S-Pecam-1 And S-Vcam-1 Among Pregnant Woman With Gestational Endotheliopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The author presents the results of studying the influence of the preventive treatment by the levels of soluble forms of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (s-VCAM-1) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion moleculae-1 (s-PECAM-1) in 47 patients with gestational endotheliopathy (GE), 18 healthy pregnant controls by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Clinical Results of Surgical Treatment using Cannulated Screw for Patellar Fractures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Early knee joint movement is reguired in the medical treatment of patella fractures. We performed percutaneous cannulated screw fixation for patella fracture on 15 knees of 15 patients. The mean age of patients was 66.8 years (range ; 16 to 87 years). The mean follow-up time was 15 months. Bone union was achieved in all cases. All of the patients showed satisfactory results, experiencing no skin damages by screws.
Evidence of a Natural Hybrid Oomycete Isolated from Ornamental Nursery Stock

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The oomycete genus Phytophthora includes many plant pathogens important in agricultural and environmental systems. Natural interspecific hybridization has been reported several times in Phytophthora, and although the fundamental processes of interspecific hybridization and the consequences of subsequent ecological distribution are poorly understood, reports suggest some hybrids can infect a broader host range and display enhanced virulence compared to the putative parental species. During a survey carried out at the University of Aberdeen in 2014–2015, of oomycetes present in ornamental plants purchased via the internet, a batch of oomycete isolates remained unidentified, showing, in some isolates, features generally related to hybridization. The aim of this study was to determine whether hybridization events had occurred between endemic and introduced oomycetes, probably/possibly facilitated through the international plant trade. The list of isolates examined included a putative hybrid closely related to Phytophthora cryptogea. The putative hybrid isolate was further characterized, and pathogenicity were tests carried out on Eucalyptus globulus, using an isolate of P. cryptogea as a positive control. Cloning of ITS, COXI and β-tubulin genes resulted in different sequence versions of the putative hybrid isolate; after mapping and a polymorphism position comparison, it was concluded that the studied isolate contained genetic information from P. cryptogea, P. erythroseptica, P. kelmanii, P. sansomeana and Phytopythium chamaehyphon. A PCR-RFLP assay, a NEBcutter analysis and flow cytometry analysis (genomes ranged between 0.168 to 0.269 pg/2C) added further evidence of the hybrid nature of this isolate. The putative hybrid presented complex growing patterns ranging from rosaceous to chrysanthemum-like and had an optimum growth temperature of 25 °C. Although the putative hybrid produced visible symptoms of disease on E. globulus seedlings, assessment of the relative susceptibility of E. globulus to P. cryptogea and the putative hybrid indicated that P. cryptogea was significantly more virulent than the putative hybrid, based on mortality, disease severity and foliar symptoms.
Back Channel Diplomacy and the Sino-German relationship, 1939-1945

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This dissertation employs a combination of diplomatic and intelligence history to challenge established narratives about the relations between Nationalist China and the Third Reich during WWII. This approach allows for the exploration of how Chiang Kai-shek’s wartime diplomacy influenced Chinese foreign policy in regards to the Axis Powers. Archival documents reveal that in the fight for China’s survival pragmatism, rather than ideology, was the most important force behind Chiang Kai-shek’s foreign policy strategy. \nAs earlier research has shown, Republican Chinese foreign policy had many pragmatic traits, and in this project it becomes evident that diplomatic communication was maintained by Chiang Kai-shek with as many countries as possible. This foreign policy approach was influenced by the experience of having unreliable allies throughout the 1920s and 1930s. This approach resulted in the maintenance of communication with Germany, even beyond the crucial official break in diplomatic relations between the two countries in July 1941. \nThis project explores how clandestine back channels emerged as the preferred tool for fostering Sino-German relations, and how these back channels continued from 1942 until 1945 in Switzerland. Special envoys with intelligence links, appointed by Chiang Kai-shek, conversed with representatives of the German party intelligence service, the RSHA, and with the German Resistance movement of 20 July 1944. These back channels reflected Chiang Kai-shek’s pragmatic foreign policy, and these connections subsequently contributed to the difficulties that arose between the Western Allies and China at the end of the war.
Reverse replication timing for the XIST gene in human fibroblasts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The timing of DNA replication appears to be an important epigenetic regulator of gene expression during development. Replication of active genes in expressing tissues occurs earlier than does replication of their inactive counterparts in nonexpressing tissues. This pattern is also observed for active and inactive alleles present in the same cell, as exemplified by genes subject to X chromosome inactivation in females. We find that the replication timing of the X-linked XIST gene in normal human fibroblasts provides a striking exception to this well-established pattern. Within the same cell, the expressed allele of XIST replicates late in S phase and the silent allele replicates early. This 'reverse' replication timing may have functional significance with respect to XIST or could be a passive consequence of the replication timing requirements of neighboring genes that are subject to X chromosome inactivation. Our finding of early replication for XIST in male fibroblasts contrasts with a report of late replication in such cells as determined by an in situ hybridization method [Torchia et al., (1994) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 55, 96-104]. We propose that our data and those obtained by the in situ method can be accommodated by the existence of structural features that differ between the silent and expressed alleles of XIST. Similar features may be important determinants of the replication asynchrony found by the in situ method for other genes subject to monoallelic expression.
Socio-economic inequalities in ability to work from home during the coronavirus pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The coronavirus pandemic has changed the nature of work, with physical distancing regulations aimed at preventing infections necessitating work-from-home (WFH) arrangements. Studies indicate that many individuals prefer working from home due to fear of contracting the virus at work. However, not all work can be performed from home. Moreover, jobs that are amenable to be performed from home generally pay more, while the ability to WFH will likely increase income inequality. Therefore, we ascertained socio-economic inequalities in ability to WFH among South African employees during the pandemic. We used data from the National Income Dynamics Study-Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey, a nationally representative longitudinal survey of South Africans conducted during the pandemic. We found that the ability to WFH was pro-rich (i.e. concentrated on workers in higher socio-economic classes) in all study periods. The results were robust to the use of different ranking variables and varying the age cut-off. There was no gender difference in these inequalities. Casual employment, urban residence, being married/cohabiting, age and household size dampened the degree to which ability to WFH favoured those in higher socio-economic classes. Conversely, being non-African, living in a house/flat and having more education increased the pro-richness of the ability to WFH. This study highlights the significant inequalities associated with ability to WFH, a likely important positive determinant of welfare in the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Interventions targeted at inequality-enhancing factors such as race, housing and education may be important in lowering these inequalities.
Comparative Aspects of Mating Behavior Patterns in Six Species of Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mating sequences were analyzed for six species of stink bugs using video- tapes. The results consisted of qualitative descriptions of the precopulatory activities of the pairs and quantitative analyses of the number and direction of mating sequences, including the latency to and duration of copulatory lock. It was possible to quantitatively characterize each of the six species tested. In addition, certain infrequent behavior patterns, e.g., head butts, were observed for some species and not others. The results extend the previous information on mating activities in stink bugs, particularly for Euschistus. We interpret our findings with regard to reproductive strategies in different species of stink bugs, and consider the use of behavior as a taxonomic tool.
Maintenance of Certification Part IV Quality-Improvement Project for Hypertension Control: A Preliminary Retrospective Analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Fifty-two American Board of Family Medicine and 19 American Board of Internal Medicine certified physicians completed projects to increase the percentage of hypertensive patients on their patient panels who had controlled blood pressure. Mean panel blood pressure control improved from 79.49% to 84.64%. The choice of improvement option was not associated with the level of improvement or with the participant's perception of the workload related to completing the project.
Isolation and characterization of cDNA encoding the 80-kDa subunit protein of the human autoantigen Ku (p70/p80) recognized by autoantibodies from patients with scleroderma-polymyositis overlap syndrome.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Anti-Ku (p70/p80) autoantibodies in patients with scleroderma-polymyositis overlap syndrome recognize a 70-kDa/80-kDa protein heterodimer which binds to terminal regions of double-stranded DNA. In the present study, we isolated full-length cDNAs that encode the 80-kDa Ku subunit. Initial screening of a human spleen cDNA library with anti-Ku antibodies yielded a cDNA of 1.0 kilobase (kb) (termed K71) encoding a portion of the 80-kDa Ku polypeptide (identification based on immunological criteria). In RNA blots, this cDNA hybridized with two mRNAs of 3.4 and 2.6 kb. In rescreening of a cDNA library constructed from simian virus 40-transformed human fibroblast mRNA with the K71 cDNA as a hybridization probe, three positive clones were isolated, and that bearing the longest insert (termed Ku80-6) was selected for further characterization. In vitro transcription and translation experiments produced an immunoprecipitable polypeptide which comigrated with the 80-kDa Ku subunit. The Ku80-6 cDNA proved to be 3304 nucleotides in length, with an additional poly(A) tail, closely approximating the size of the larger mRNA. It contains a single long open reading frame encoding 732 amino acids (Mr = 82,713). The putative polypeptide has a high content of acidic amino acids and a region with periodic repeat of leucine in every seventh position which may form the "leucine zipper" structure. In genomic DNA blots, probes derived from the opposite ends of cDNA Ku80-6 hybridized with several nonoverlapping restriction fragments from human leukocyte DNA, indicating that the gene encoding the 80-kDa Ku polypeptide is divided into several exons by intervening sequences.
Shifts in geographic vulnerability of US corn crops under different climate change scenarios: corn flea beetle (Chaetocnema pulicaria) and Stewart’s Wilt (Pantoea stewartii) bacterium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Changing climate patterns will likely affect insect pressure on many agricultural crops. Mild winters may decrease the number of insects that experience reduced fecundity or that are killed during hard freezes. This may result in larger populations in subsequent years and allow for range expansion. Direct effects from pests are compounded by indirect effects, such as crop damage resulting from insect-vectored diseases. Corn flea beetle (Chaetocnema pulicaria) infestations have both direct and indirect effects on crops. This beetle is a pest on all types of corn in the United States, including sweet corn and grain corn (sometimes referred to as dent corn). It is responsible for damage to plant foliage and also serves as the primary overwintering vector for Pantoea stewartii bacterium, which causes Stewart’s Wilt, a disease that can severely impact the health and productivity of corn. Evidence suggests that warmer winters will contribute to a geographic range expansion for the corn flea beetle. Here we show the projected northward expansion of economically damaging crop losses caused by Stewart’s Wilt: (A) from 1980 to 2011, (B) projected by mid-century, and (C) projected by end-century. Our work suggests that climate change and associated increasing winter temperatures in the United States will lead to a dramatic increase in the probability of severe damage from corn flea beetle across the United States, including the Corn Belt. Predicted increases in pest and disease pressure will have negative ramifications for corn production and are likely to exacerbate issues associated with specific management tactics, such as pesticide application.
Luke’s Silence and Cry in the Conclusion of Luke-Acts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

사도행전의 결말은 독자들의 기대와 달리 갑작스럽게 끝나면서 바울과 로마공동체와의 만남이나, 로마 황제 앞에서의 바울의 재판 과정과 결과 및 바울의 최후에 대해 침묵하고 있는데, 그것은 당대 헬라 문학 등에서 사용된 문학기법을 통해 고안된 누가의 의도였음을 확인하였다. 사도행전의 결말에 등장하는 ‘하나님 나라’와 이미 재판과정에서 드러난 세 번의 무죄 선언은 바울과 예수 그리스도의 대조를 보여주고 있으며, 동시에 바울의 최종 재판에서의 무죄 선언을 암시함으로 끝나고 있다. 그리고 베드로와의 대조도 동시에 나타나는데, 베드로의 최후에 대한 언급이 생략된 것도 누가가 바울의 최후에 대해 의도적으로 생략하고 있음을 보여주는 근거가 된다.BR 또한 이러한 의도적 침묵과 아울러 누가복음과 사도행전의 종결에 사용된 ‘parrhsia, ’와 ‘avkwlu,twj’라는 두 헬라어 단어를 통해 그리고 역사가 누가가 일관되게 주장하고 강조해온 것처럼, 역사의 주인이 하나님이시며, 또한 초대교회 선교의 역사가 바로 하나님의 선교(Missio Dei)임을 드러내고 있음을 확인하였다. 누가는 이러한 침묵과 외침 그리고 닫힘과 열림의 이중적 결론을 통해 하나님의 뜻이 그 어떤 방해도 없이 계속적으로 역사 가운데 실현될 것이며, 또한 또 다른 베드로와 바울과 같은 순종의 도구가 될 독자들에게 계속적으로 도전을 주고 있다.
A MEMS-based projection display

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A period of rapid growth and change in the display industry has recently given rise to many new display technologies. One such technology, the Digital Micromirror Device/sup TM/ (DMD), developed at Texas Instruments, represents a unique application of microelectromechanical systems to the area of projection displays. In this paper, we describe a representative example of a DMD-based projection display engine, the digital display engine (DDE). The DDE is based on a single-DMD device having array dimensions of 800/spl times/600 elements, illuminated by a metal halide arc lamp through a compact optics train. The engine is designed for portable and fixed conference-room graphics and video display applications, and many design decisions were made to tailor the engine for its intended venue. The design of the projection engine optics and electronics is discussed, along with the basic operation, manufacture, and reliability of the DMD itself.
Use of Topical and Systemic Retinoids in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Update and Review of the Current Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at an increased risk of epithelial malignancies, mainly squamous cell carcinoma, and its precursor lesions such as actinic keratoses, warts, and porokeratosis, which may respond to retinoid therapy. OBJECTIVE To review the published evidence on the efficacy and safety of topical and systemic retinoids for the treatment and prophylaxis of malignant and premalignant conditions that mostly afflict SOTRs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Systematic review of the literature to summarize the level of evidence and grade of recommendation for retinoid therapy with emphasis in the SOTR population. RESULTS Acitretin has the highest strength of recommendation (Grade A) for prophylaxis of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and treatment and prophylaxis of actinic keratoses in SOTR. In nonimmunosuppressed patients, acitretin and isotretinoin have a Grade B recommendation for treatment of recalcitrant warts. Topical retinoids have not shown efficacy in preventing NMSC in immunocompetent patients. CONCLUSION Retinoids constitute a highly efficacious alternative for the management of the most common conditions that affect SOTRs. Acitretin has the most robust evidence for chemoprophylaxis in SOTRs. Knowledge about the specific indications and expected side effects of topical and systemic retinoids may help optimize their therapeutic potential.
Point mutations in the L-type pyruvate kinase gene of two children with hemolytic anemia caused by pyruvate kinase deficiency [see comments]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The molecular alterations responsible for the characteristic enzyme abnormalities in pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency were investigated in two unrelated children homozygous for PK deficiency. Both variant enzymes were characterized according to the recommendations of the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology. Genomic DNA was specifically amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Normal and mutant alleles of the L-type PK gene were analyzed by nucleotide sequencing. Heterozygosity of the parents was confirmed by allele- specific oligonucleotide hybridization. In PK Linz a C to T base exchange at position 394 of the L-type PK gene was found. As a result, the 132nd amino acid of the mutant enzyme, arginine (CGC), is replaced by cysteine (TGC). The affected amino acid residue is located within the deduced active site of the protein and the enzyme variant shows strongly altered allosteric properties. PK Beirut shows a C for T substitution at position 1058, changing the 353 amino acid from threonine (ACG) to methionine (ATG). In contrast to PK Linz, this amino acid lies outside the deduced substrate binding site and kinetic parameters of PK Beirut are close to normal. Both enzyme variants show a markedly reduced specific activity and thermolability.
Variation in Stomatal Density with Leaf Position in Field‐Grown Soybeans1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was to determine the stomatal density for all leaves of two soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivars and investigate the variation with leaf position. On the adaxial surface, stomatal density increased progressively from the lowest nodes to a maximum at node 7 and progressively declined to the uppermost nodes for both cultivars. On the abaxial surface a similar pattern existed for ‘Corsoy‖, but was not distinct for ‘Chippewa 64.’ The correlation coefficients between adaxial arid abaxial stomatal densities were 0.63 and 0.22 for Corsoy and Chippewa 64, respectively. The mean ratios of adaxial and abaxial stomatal density were 0.55 for Corsoy and 0.50 for Chippewa 64. This ratio was higher for leaves at the middle nodes than that for leaves at upper or lower nodes. Mean stomatal densities on the adaxial surface were 102.1 and 101.1 stomata/mm 2 for Corsoy and Chippewa 64, respectively. On the abaxial surface, Chippewa 64 had greater stomatal density for all but two nodes and the means were 206.3 and 183.1 stomata/mm 2 for Chippewa 64 and Corsoy, respectively. Chippewa 64 also had larger leaves than Corsoy at all nodes. It was concluded that a large variation in stomatal density makes it difficult to compare single measurements for different cultivars.
Aegilia describens Walker 1857

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aegilia describens Walker, 1857 Figs. 4, 32–37, 110, 137, 163 Aegilia describens Walker, 1857. List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus., 13: 1139. Syntypes: Ceylon [Sri Lanka] (BMNH). Lophoptera xylinata Walker, 1865b, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus., 33: 920. Stictoptera anisoptera Snellen, 1880, Tijidschr. Ent., 23: 88. Stictoptera describens: Hampson, 1912, Cat. Lepid. Phal. Br. Mus., 11: 149. Stictoptera anca Swinhoe, 1919, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (9) 4: 120. Diagnosis. The forewing has a black longitudinal strip from the base to the outer margin, and a short black strip lies parallel to it near the tornus. In the male genitalia, the harpe is hooked, longer than half length of the sacculus, a small digitiform process presents at the base of the harpe; a club-shaped process lies at the base of the costa. Material examined. CHINA, Hainan: 2 males, 1 female, Diaoluoshan, 930 m, 11–12.XII.2007, coll. Chen Fuqiang and Li Jing; 1 male, Jianfengling, 10.XI.1983, coll. Chen Peizhen; 1 male *, Jianfengling, 13.IV.1982, coll. Lin Youdong; 1 female, Jianfengling, 8.XII.1982, coll. Gu Maobin (IZCAS). Distribution. China (Hainan), Japan, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, Papua New Guinea. Biological notes. The larval host plant was recorded as Mesua ferrea (Guttiferae) (Holloway, 1985). Remarks. The specimen from Hainan denoted by an asterisk (*) was misidentified by Chen and illustrated as Stictoptera cucullioides (misspelled as cuculloides) (Chen 1999: 947, pl. 43: 5).
Design and Implementation of Video Surveillance Identification System in Smart Campus

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper develops a video surveillance identification system for campus security needs. In this system, a video analysis and processing platform based on Spark is designed. Based on the new scheme technology and OpenCV library to process massive video data and face recognition, the main tasks of this system include video collection, video file preprocessing, face detection, face model training, face recognition and communication with the client. According to the detailed analysis and design of each module above, this paper combines each module organically to form the architecture of Spark based distributed video processing system. The new processing scheme can greatly improve the processing and analysis efficiency of massive data, and has many advantages: more flexible architecture and strong scalability. It brings convenience to the later expansion and iterative upgrade of the system, and also provides convenience for the later expansion and management.