jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nickel‐Organic Coordination Layers with Different Directional Cavities

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The two new metal‐organic coordination frameworks [Ni 2 (pydc) 2 (4,4′‐bpy)(H 2 O) 4 ] n · 0.5 n (4,4′‐bpy)2H 2 O ( 1 ) and [Ni 2 (pydc) 2 (2,2′‐bpy) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] n · 2 n H 2 O ( 2 ) (H 2 pydc = pyridine‐3,4‐dicarboxylic acid; bpy = bipyridine) have been synthesised under hydrothermal conditions and characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The structure of 1 contains parallel rectangular channels that accommodate large 4,4′‐bpy guests while that of 2 contains vertical channels coordinated to 2,2′‐bpy ligands. Their magnetic analyses show that they exhibit different magnetic interactions. The red shifts of the peak in their emission spectra relative to those of the the free ligands could be attributable to the metal–ligand coordination. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Military and naval expeditions of the 1620s

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The Jacobean Peace — which followed James VI and I’s accession to the English throne and the end of the Anglo-Spanish war — was characterized by the official pursuit of diplomacy rather than war in order to resolve the religious and dynastic conflicts of Europe, and led to a neglect of the arts of war and the decay of the military forces of the crown. James’s policy of peace sought marital alliances with the leading Protestant and Catholic powers. His son-in-law Frederick V, elector palatine’s unwise acceptance of the Bohemian crown precipitated the Thirty Years War and provoked the Hapsburg invasion of the Rhenish Palatinate. James’s Puritan subjects were dismayed at the king’s slow response in defending the Protestant cause and his family’s honour, and the military and naval expeditions to the Palatinate, Cadiz, and the Isle of Rhé demonstrated the military ineffectiveness of the governments of James I and his son and heir Charles I, as well as the incompetence of the royal favourite and chief minister, the duke of Buckingham.
P545 Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of acute viral respiratory infections in pediatric patients in Ukraine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in children are the leading cause of morbidity in Ukraine. The role of respiratory viruses in the clinical manifestations of ARTI in children in Ukraine has not been sufficiently studied.

The aim of study

To investigate the etiology of ARTI and compare the clinical features of different virus infections in children during the period from September 2018 to January 2019.

The methods

Nasopharyngeal swabs, collected from ARTI children aged 2 months - 16 years, who received outpatient treatment or were hospitalized to Eurolab clinic (Kyiv, Ukraine) were examined. They were screened for 7 respiratory viruses using Multiplex PCRs - Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV), Parainfluenza virus (PIV), Adenovirus (AdV), human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), Rhinovirus (RV), human Bocavirus (hBoV)and Coronavirus (CoV). Although rapid influenza diagnostic test was used.

Results

Respiratory pathogens detected in 125 of the 147 (85,0%) samples. HMPV was detected in 33 children. Clinical manifestation of hMPV infection were: tracheobronchitis - 13, pneumonia - 6, obstructive bronchitis - 7, bronchiolitis - 3, rhinopharyngitis -3, laryngitis -3. Influenza A (IVA) was detected in 28 children with ARTI: tracheobronchitis - 13, pneumonia - 6, obstructive bronchitis - 2. Half of children with IVA also have symptoms of rhinopharyngitis. RV was detected in 21 children, 12 of them have symptoms of rhinopharyngitis, 3 - croup and 3 - wheezing, 2 - bronchitis and 1 - laryngitis. Clinical characteristics of others viruses are following: RSV was detected in 10 children, it caused pneumonia (3 cases), obstructive bronchitis (5 cases). HBoV was detected in 7 children and caused rhinopharyngitis, laryngitis (6 cases), tracheobronchitis (2), two child had viral exanthema. AdV was detected in 5 children and caused rhinopharyngitis with lymphadenopathy in 3 cases, pneumonia in 2 cases. PIV during season caused rhinopharyngitis, laryngitis (2 cases), croup (1 case), obstructive bronchitis (1 case). The coinfection percentage was 13, 5%.

Conclusions

During epidemic season in Ukraine the most prevalent viruses were hMPV -33 (26,3%), IVA -28 (22,4%), RV - 21 (16,8%). Using Multiplex PCR assay can be helpful in prognosing of probable clinical course of disease, for optimization therapy.
The online gaming preferences of pre-teen girls: exploring game preferences within the social context of an all-girls after school computer club

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The playing of computer games is one of the most popular leisure-time activities for children today. Most recently, the emergence of online games has attracted a rising number of pre-teen girls. This finding is important considering the fact that playing digital games is a pastime traditionally associated with boys. With this in mind, this study aimed to describe the online gaming preferences of girls using a qualitative interpretive approach. The research honed in on individual and shared gaming preferences of pre-teen girls within the larger context of a computer club setting. Sixteen girls participated in a nine-week after school computer club program that presented twenty-two different online games. Findings from this study identified four key elements that girls found important in their online gaming experience, particularly in relation to virtual gaming worlds. Girls liked the combination of social interactions, creative design play and mini-games within a virtual world. They also liked to have many choices to personalize and create their own game experience, a chance to have real-world experiences in a fun and non-serious way, as well as a level of challenge that was appropriate and sustained over time. A closer look at how social interactions influenced preferences also found that peer interactions played a key role in establishing comfort, advancing knowledge and promoting habits related to games. These social interactions ultimately played a role in shaping girls' preferences. Based on these findings, recommendations are made for the future design of commercial and educational online games that would appeal to pre-teen girls.
Analyzing quality-control trends with moving slope charts.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We have developed and evaluated a new procedure for detecting trends in quality-control measurements and applied it to laboratory data. The method requires the use of sequential or "moving" slope estimates to identify trends. Formulae are derived to estimate the regression error for the moving slope directly from the standard deviation of the analytical measurements obtained during characterization runs. Control limits for the moving slope depend only on this regression error, the span of the slope, and the desired statistical level of control. The moving slope can be plotted with control limits to determine out-of-control points. The statistical power of the moving slope is found to be much greater than that of an often-used test for trends. An example of the use of the moving slope is shown for quality-control measurements for total cholesterol obtained over several years. We conclude that the moving slope procedure has considerably more statistical power than trend rules and that it yields more useful information to the analyst.
L-Selectin Ligands That Are O-glycoprotease Resistant and Distinct from MECA-79 Antigen are Sufficient for Tethering and Rolling of Lymphocytes on Human High Endothelial Venules

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

During the process of lymphocyte recirculation, lymphocytes bind via L-selectin to sulfated sialyl-Lewis(x) (sLe(x))–containing carbohydrate ligands expressed on the surface of high endothelial venules (HEV). We have examined the expression of sLe(x) on HEV using a panel of mAbs specific for sLe(x) and sLe(x)-related structures, and have examined the function of different sLe(x)-bearing structures using an in vitro assay of lymphocyte rolling on HEV. We report that three sLe(x) mAbs, 2F3, 2H5, and CSLEX-1, previously noted to bind with high affinity to glycolipid-linked sLe(x), vary in their ability to stain HEV in different lymphoid tissues and bind differentially to O-linked versus N-linked sLe(x) on glycoproteins. Treatment of tissue sections with neuraminidase abolished staining with all three mAbs but slightly increased staining with MECA-79, a mAb to a sulfation-dependent HEV-associated carbohydrate determinant. Treatment of tissue sections with O-sialoglycoprotease under conditions that removed the vast majority of MECA-79 staining, only partially reduced staining with the 2F3 and 2H5 mAbs. Using a novel rolling assay in which cells bind under flow to HEV of frozen tissue sections, we demonstrate that a pool of O-sialoglycoprotease–resistant molecules is present on HEV that is sufficient for attachment and rolling of lymphocytes via L-selectin. This interaction is not inhibited by the mAb MECA-79. Furthermore, MECA-79 mAb blocks binding to untreated sections by only 30%, whereas the sLe(x) mAb 2H5 blocks binding by ∼60% and a combination of MECA-79 and 2H5 mAb blocks binding by 75%. We conclude that a pool of O-glycoprotease-resistant sLe(x)-like L-selectin ligands exist on human HEV that is distinct from the mucin-associated moieties recognized by MECA-79 mAb. We postulate that these ligands may participate in lymphocyte binding to HEV.
Alarm pheromone secretion by insecticide‐susceptible and ‐resistant Myzus persicae treated with demeton‐S‐methyl; aphid dispersal and transfer of plant viruses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY The insecticides demeton‐S‐methyl and pirimicarb induced cornicle secretion, and thereby alarm pheromone release, in Myzus persicae. Secretion was earliest in young and insecticide‐susceptible aphids. In laboratory experiments to assess the behavioural significance of this effect, demeton‐S‐methyl applied to colonies of R 1 (moderately resistant) aphids killed the majority, but caused the remainder to disperse. The timing and degree of dispersal depended on the size and composition of the colonies. Beet yellows virus was transferred by dispersed aphids, but less frequently when recipient indicator seedlings were treated with demeton‐S‐methyl. R 2 (strongly resistant) aphids soon dispersed from colonies containing susceptible nymphs (which secrete alarm pheromone early) and transmitted readily even to treated seedlings. The non‐persistent potato virus Y was transferred by dispersed R : aphids and no protection was afforded by treatment of the seedlings.
Molecular detection of Salmonella isolated from eggs and egg-based products

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella in eggs and some egg-based products in Sohag city, Egypt. 120 samples of hen's eggs (Baladi & farm), mayonnaise and cream cake were examined for conventional and molecular detection of Salmonella. The samples were divided into egg-shell Baladi, egg-content Baladi, egg-shell farm, egg-content farm, mayonnaise and cream cake (20 each). All the samples were subjected for conventional enrichment culture. 25 g of each sample was added to 225 ml of 1% buffered peptone water and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, one ml of the enriched media was then transferred to Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth and incubated at 40°C for 48h. A loopful was then streaked on Salmonella-Shigella agar to look for colorless colonies with a black center. Biochemical identification was performed using triple sugar iron agar test, lysin iron agar test and urease test. The results of conventional culture showed that 30% of egg-shell Baladi, 10% of egg-content Baladi, 20% of egg-shell farm and 15% of egg-content farm samples were positive for Salmonella. However, all of the mayonnaise and cream cake samples were Salmonella-free. The Salmonella isolates were then identified using PCR. The results by PCR showed that Salmonella were detected from 30% of egg-shell Baladi, 5% of egg-content Baladi, 15% of egg-shell farm and 10% of egg-content farm samples. Salmonella Enteritidis was isolated from only one sample of egg-shell Baladi and only one sample of egg-content farm, while no Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from any of the samples.
Studies on rickettsial agglutination in typhus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The microscopic agglutination test as used was found to be an easy and convenient means for the diagnosis of typhus in human sera and proved to be a useful tool for the study of agglutinin development in man and animals following infection or vaccination. The method has been found to be simple and specific. Cross-agglutination reactions are discussed. The observations of Castaneda on the removal of heterologous typhus agglutinins were confirmed. Sera from rabbits infected with spotted fever did not agglutinate either of the typhus antigens. Sera obtained from cases of endemic typhus were found not to agglutinate spotted fever antigen. The procedures for the preparation of the antigens and for carrying out the tests are described.
Ground Software to Support Autonomous Onboard Scheduling for Mars Perseverance Rover

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The flight software for the Mars Perseverance Rover is capable of autonomous onboard scheduling. The goal of this capability is to reduce spacecraft idle time and unnecessary heating to leave more resources for science observations. Enabling this first-of-its-kind onboard scheduling requires tight coordination between the Mission Operations team, ground software, and flight software. This paper will focus on the ground software tools that have been created or enhanced by the Mars 2020 mission in support of autonomous onboard scheduling. The following challenges were encountered: automating the creation of planning constraints to reduce tedious and error-prone manual work, while providing enough flexibility for the team to handle unique scenarios; providing visibility to allow the Operations team to build trust in a variable execution system in a way that is digestible within a tight planning timeline; using flight software simulation to validate the files that will be sent to the spacecraft in a realistic manner, even though we cannot truly predict what will happen on the rover; after plan execution on the rover, analyzing the data returned from the spacecraft to understand what did happen, and using that information to predict initial conditions for the next planning cycle.
High Thermal Conductivity Carbon Nanomaterials for Improved Thermal Management in Armament Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : Carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, and graphene have shown tremendous potential as additives for polymer matrices. In addition to improving mechanical and electrical properties, these forms of carbon typically demonstrate high intrinsic thermal conductivities, a property that could be useful in improving the thermal dissipation performance of polymer matrix composites. In this study, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and graphene have been added to polymers and polymer matrix composites in order to study the effect on the thermal conductivity of the composite. It is demonstrated that these species can improve the thermal conductivity. The improved properties are used as inputs to thermal models of a generic composite tubular structure relevant to armament systems in order to study the effect on thermal management during heating cycles.
Conservation of DNA photolyase genes in plusiine nucleopolyhedroviruses

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DNA photolyase genes (phr) encode photoreactive enzymes, which are involved in the repair of UV-damaged DNA. Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) specific photolyase genes are present in nucleopolyhedroviruses isolated from Chrysodeixis chalcites (ChchNPV) and Trichoplusia ni (TnSNPV) insects belonging to the Plusiinae subfamily (Noctuidae). To better understand the occurrence and evolution of these genes in baculoviruses, we investigated their possible conservation in other group II NPVs, which infect plusiine insects. A PCR based strategy using degenerate phr-specific primers was designed and validated to detect and analyze possible photolyase genes. Six additional Plusiinae-infecting NPVs were analyzed and all but one contained one or more phr-like sequences. Thysanoplusia orichalcea NPV A28-1 appeared to be a group I NPV, and did not contain a phr homologue. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all photolyase genes of the tested Plusiinaeinfecting baculoviruses group in a single clade. Moreover, the phylogeny of the polyhedrin sequences of these viruses confirmed that the analyzed viruses also formed a single clade in group II NPVs. We hypothesize that all plusiine group II NPVs contain one or more photolyase genes and that these have a common ancestor. The correlation between baculoviruses having phr genes and the behaviour of their plusiine hosts will be discussed.
Engineering bound states in continuum via nonlinearity induced extra dimension

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Bound states in continuum (BICs) are localized states of a system possessing significantly large life times with applications across various branches of science. In this work, we propose an expedient protocol to engineer BICs which involves the use of Kerr nonlinearities in the system. The generation of BICs is a direct artifact of the nonlinearity and the associated expansion in the dimensionality of the system. In particular, we consider single and two mode anharmonic systems and provide a number of solutions apposite for the creation of BICs. In close vicinity to the BIC, the steady state response of the system is immensely sensitive to perturbations in natural frequencies of the system and we illustrate its propitious sensing potential in the context of experimentally realizable setups for both optical and magnetic nonlinearities.
[Pharmacodynamics Study on Gualou Xiebai Dropping Pills and Its Medicinal Ingredients in Prescription].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Gualou Xiebai Drop Pills can effectively restrain the acute myocardial ischemia induced by isoproterenol in rats, compared with Gualou, Xiebai or Gualou Xiebai Baijiutang, Gualou Xiebai Drop Pills obtains a favourable effect.
Better No Longer to Be1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

David Benatar argues that coming into existence is always a harm, and that – for all of us unfortunate enough to have come into existence – it would be better had we never come to be. We contend that if one accepts Benatar's arguments for the asymmetry between the presence and absence of pleasure and pain, and the poor quality of life, 2 one must also accept that suicide is preferable to continued existence, and that his view therefore implies both anti-natalism and pro-mortalism 3 . This conclusion has been argued for before by Elizabeth Harman – she takes it that because Benatar claims that our lives are 'awful', it follows that 'we would be better off to kill ourselves' (Harman 2009: 784). Though we agree with Harman's conclusion, we think that her argument is too quick, and that Benatar's arguments for non-pro-mortalism 4 deserve more serious consideration than she gives them. We make our case 80using a tripartite structure. We start by examining the prima facie case for the claim that pro-mortalism follows from Benatar's position, presenting his response to the contrary, and furthering the dialectic by showing that Benatar's position is not just that coming into existence is a harm, but that existence itself is a harm. We then look to Benatar's treatment of the Epicurean line, which is important for him as it undermines his anti-death argument for non-pro-mortalism. We demonstrate that he fails to address the concern that the Epicurean line raises, and that he cannot therefore use the harm of death as an argument for non-pro-mortalism. Finally, we turn to Benatar's pro-life argument for non-pro-mortalism, built upon his notion of interests, and argue that while the interest in continued existence may indeed have moral relevance, it is almost always irrational. Given that neither Benatar's anti-death nor pro-life arguments for non-pro-mortalism work, we conclude that pro-mortalism follows from his anti-natalism, As such, if it is better never to have been, then it is better no longer to be.
Exploring Smell Loss Patterns and Recovery Factors Among Covid-19 Patients in Benghazi, Libya

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The main objective of this research is to investigate the recovery patterns and the demographic factors that affect patients with loss of smell post-COVID-19 disease in Benghazi, Libya. Besides, to examine whether the patient’s responses statistically differ according to several variables, including severity of smell loss, gender, and age. Method: This research adopts a cross-sectional design to capture a snapshot of patient experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Benghazi. A structured questionnaire is used for data collection. The research collects 96 valid questionnaires over the period from November 2023 to February 2024 from (1) the Speciality Surgical Center; and (2) the Al-Rowad Specialised Center. Then, the research employed descriptive analysis, the One-sample Wilcoxon Signed rank, the Spearman correlation test, and the Independent Samples Kruskal-Wallis test. Results:16 (17%) participants suffered from a mild loss of smell, 30 (31%) participants suffered a moderate loss of smell, and 50 (52%) participants suffered a severe loss of smell. Only 26 (27%) participants reported that it was gradual onset while 70 (73%) reported the opposite. Regarding the recovery pattern, 54 (56%) participants had complete recovery of loss of smell, while 18 (19%) had partial recovery, and 24 (25%) had no recovery, where 46 out of 54 participants completely recovered in the first month, and only 8 participants recovered after 60 days. There is a weakly significant relationship between the smell loss severity and recovery period. Also, there are no statistically significant differences between groups of varying smell loss severity (mild, moderate, or severe) in different genders, smell recovery periods, or age (all p-values > 0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that, although the infection with COVID-19 among the participants was generally of moderate severity, the condition of the loss of the olfactory sense was severe and occurred suddenly, but at the same time, the largest percentage of participants recovered completely from it within the first two weeks of infection. However, it cannot be relied on smell loss as an early indicator of COVID-19 infection.