jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparative and Correlational Evaluation of the Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Musa sinensis L. and Musa paradisiaca L. Fruit Compartments (Musaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Secondary metabolites and their biological activity have pharmacological relevance in the prevention and therapeutic management of disease, including the facilitation of normal physiological processes through biochemical mechanisms. In this study, phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity were evaluated quantitatively on the acetone, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of the flesh, and peel, as well as the boiled peel extract compartments of Musa sinensis L. and Musa paradisiaca L. fruits. Total phenol, proanthocyanidin, and flavonoid contents were estimated and measured spectrophotometrically. The free radical scavenging antioxidant capacity of the extracts was tested on DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ethanol), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay models. Correlation between phytoconstituents and antioxidant activity was analysed using Pearson’s coefficient. The results showed varying amounts of phytochemicals in the solvent extracts of the flesh and peel, including the boiled peel extract of M. sinensis and M. paradisiaca . All acetone extracts of M. sinensis flesh, M. paradisiaca flesh, and M. paradisiaca peel had the highest phytochemical contents, with the exception of the ethanol extract of M. sinensis peel which had the highest phenol content; just as on the overall scale, the peel compartments had generally higher phytochemical profiles than the soft flesh in both fruits. The boiled peel extracts of M. sinensis and M. paradisiaca had the highest ABTS (0.03 mg/mL) and DPPH (0.03 mg/mL) activity. Ferric reducing power (FRAP) was the highest in the ethanol extracts of M. sinensis flesh and peel, and M. paradisiaca flesh, while it was the highest in the acetone extract of M. paradisiaca at the peak concentration used (0.1 mg/mL). There was a significant negative correlation between the total phenol and flavonoid contents of M. sinensis flesh with its DPPH radical scavenging activity and proanthocyanidin content of M. paradisiaca flesh with its DPPH radical scavenging activity. The correlation outcomes indicate that none of the phytochemical constituents solely affected antioxidant activity; instead, a combination of the polyphenolic constituents contributed to antioxidant activity. This study shows the therapeutic potentials of the flesh and, importantly, the peel of M. sinensis and M. paradisiaca fruits on the basis of the polyphenolic constitution against free radicals and oxidative stress.
Cystatins of helminths: characterization of molecules with immunomodulatory potential

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Cystatins ­ cysteine peptidase inhibitors are produced by a wide range of organisms, including parasites, where they act as modulators of the host immune system. In the frame of our research we focused on characterization of cystatins produced by four helminth species representing most important groups of helminth parasites, namely Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Monogenea), Fascioloides magna (Trematoda), Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) and Trichinella spiralis (Nematoda). We performed a bacterial expression of optimized cystatin genes in recombinant forms (E. coli BL21 cells, pET32a and/or pET19b plasmid vector). The recombinant cystatins were purified via His­tag using metal affinity chromatography (Ni­NTA) and successful production of cystatin was confirmed by mass spectrometric methods (MALDI TOF/TOF). Selected candidates were used for immunization of mice and cystatins were immunolocalized on cryosections of parasite tissues using positive mice sera, FITC­labeled anti­mouse antibodies and DAPI counterstaining. The inhibitory effect of particular cystatins was fluorometrically measured by adoption of recombinant cysteine peptidases (mouse cathepsin L, cathepsin L3 from E. nipponicum) and its fluorogenic peptide substrate (FR­AMC). The immunomodulatory potential of presented cystatins (modulation of antigen presentation, influence on cytokine production and proliferation of lymphocytes, macrophages, etc.) will be studied in detail.
Sensory-emotional denominal causative verbs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on the causative behavior of sensory emotional denominal verbs. Under this label, as well as the so-called psychological or emotional verbs, some other verbs are also included. These verbs may convey a physical change of state or a psychological change of state, so they may be paraphrased as ‘to cause + conflated noun’, conveying external or internal causation, respectively. The semantic content of the implicated bases seems to strongly influence the final meaning of the resultant denominal verb. Furthermore, as well as the causative component, sensory-emotional denominal causative verbs carry some other meanings, such as location or possession. Keywords: denominal causative verbs; argument structure; conflation; sensory-emotional verbs
Electron attenuation lengths in Pb metal

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Electron attenuation lengths have been measured for Pb metal in the energy range 300–1200 eV. The measurements were carried out by observing the attenuation produced in a substrate (Cu, Ag or Pd) XPS signal following adsorption of a single Pb monolayer. Attenuation lengths were estimated from these attenuation factors by means of a Lambert–Beer expression. The data are represented well by the least–squares expression λ = 0.78(±0.08) E 1/2 (in Å).
The Religious Experience Communal Prayer and Group Identity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter describes the religious experience in sectarian environments as expressed by the participants themselves. This chapter provides essential texture to the analysis by allowing worshipers to speak for themselves. Using responses from open-ended interview questions in both Lebanon and Iraq, it reveals the ways in which communal worship promotes sectarian solidarity and group-centric political preferences. The Lebanese interviews illustrate the link between communal worship and political preferences. Distinct themes emerged between sects; while communal prayer heightened sectarian identity for all sects, each sect reported different political messages. For Christians, the emphasis was on preserving their community's privileges in a changing political landscape. For Sunnis, the emphasis was on avoiding divisions imposed from outside. For Shi`a, political messages stressed political and economic marginalization and called for an end to the sectarian system. In each of these cases, interviews indicated that religious-political messaging in places of worship clearly reflects political circumstances and sectarian interests, a relationship explored in-depth in subsequent chapters.
ForgetMeNot: Understanding and Modeling the Impact of Forever Chemicals Toward Sustainable Large-Scale Computing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fluorinated compounds, commonly known as forever chemicals, play a critical role in semiconductor fabrication steps such as lithography, etching, and chamber cleaning. They exhibit global warming potentials thousands of times higher than carbon dioxide and persist in the atmosphere for millennia. Yet, sustainability efforts in computer systems have primarily focused on carbon emissions alone. We introduce ForgetMeNot, a modeling tool that quantifies fluorinated compound emissions across different steps of the semiconductor manufacturing pipeline. We validate its accuracy using real-world fab data and demonstrate its utility for emission-aware hardware design. ForgetMeNot reveals how different chip characteristics affect fluorinated compound emissions, and helps datacenter operators select low-emission hardware configurations. By integrating fluorinated compound emissions into hardware manufacturing decisions, ForgetMeNot presents a more complete sustainability framework for computing systems.
Supporting data for "Novel scale development for masticatory function assessment to aid screening, diagnosis and evaluation in orthodontics"

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This dataset supports the PhD project “Novel scale development for masticatory function assessment to aid screening, diagnosis and evaluation in orthodontics.” It documents the end‑to‑end development and validation of a new patient‑reported measure designed to assess masticatory function in orthodontic settings, with the ultimate aim of improving screening, diagnosis, and evaluation of treatment outcomes. The target participants for the research are orthodontic patients, with input from clinical experts to ensure clinical relevance and clarity.Scale development followed established psychometric procedures across multiple phases. In the qualitative phase for item generation, 38 orthodontic patients and 15 experts contributed in-depth perspectives to capture lived experiences and expert observations of masticatory function. Content validity was then evaluated by 7 patients and 6 experts, who rated item relevance, clarity, and comprehensiveness to refine the item pool. For structural evaluation and item reduction via factor analysis, responses were collected from 263 subjects. Finally, construct validity was examined through hypothesis testing with 44 subjects to assess expected relationships and known‑groups differences.Please consult the included README for variable descriptions.
Peripheral Neuropathy and Vasculopathy; Frequency and Associated Risk Factors in Newly Diagnosed Treatment Naive Type 2 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The prevalence of diabetes in Pakistan is 11.45%. The reported prevalence of diabetic foot ulceration in Pakistan is between 4% and 10%, with the amputation rate of 8% - 21%. Peripheral neuropathy and vasculopathy are main underlying cause of diabetic foot ulcers. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional non-interventional cohort study where all newly diagnosed treatment naïve type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled. Peripheral neuropathy and vasculopathy were detected by Michigan neuropathy screening instrument (MNSI) and ankle brachial index (ABI) respectively. Risk factors for peripheral neuropathy and vasculopathy were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Statistical significance was considered with P value of ïve patients of type 2 DM. Age, duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis, metabolic parameters like raised HbA1C, hyperlipidemia and spot random albumin creatinine ratio are found to be risk factors for both peripheral neuropathy and vasculopathy.
Pilon Fractures: Update on treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tibial pilon fractures (plafond) are severe injuries resulting from predominately axial impaction. They are typically accompanied by severe damage to the vulnerable soft tissue envelope and the articular damage, making these fractures prone to complications. Treatment is individualized to the three-dimensional pathoanatomy, soft tissue damage, functional demands, compliance, and comorbidities of the affected patient. Most pilon fractures will benefit from stage management, which consists of primary closed reduction via ligamento taxis, external fixation, and secondary internal fixation after soft tissue consolidation. In the hands of an experienced team with all resources available, primary definite internal fixation seems to be associated with similar results and complication rates but faster rehabilitation. Primary fixation of the fibula is rarely helpful, and definite fixation is not necessary in every case. The choice of approaches is guided by the individual fracture pattern, which ensures minimal soft tissue and periosteal dissection. Minimally invasive techniques should be employed whenever feasible. The goals of pilon fracture treatment are anatomic reconstruction of the joint surface and stable axial realignment towards the tibial shaft, bridging any metaphyseal comminution with the least possible amount of soft tissue and periosteal stripping. The choice of implants, particularly the number of plates, should be balanced between absolute stability on one side and preservation of the blood supply to the bone and soft tissues and the chance of callus formation for faster bone healing on the other. Level of evidence V; Experience-Based Expert Opinion.
Differences in gastric mechanosensory function after repeated ramp distensions in non-consulters with dyspepsia and healthy controls

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Abnormal visceral mechano- sensory function has been reported in 50% of non-ulcer (functional) dyspepsia patients. However, only a minority of subjects with functional dyspepsia ever seek medical attention. Whether factors promoting health care seeking behaviour explain visceral hypersensitivity is unknown. Decreased rectal thresholds following sigmoid mechanical stimulation have been observed in irritable bowel but this mechanism has not been evaluated in functional dyspepsia. AIMS To compare visceral mechanosensory function in healthy asymptomatic subjects and non-consulters with chronic unexplained dyspepsia. METHODS Forty two volunteers were recruited: 10 had a history of chronic or recurrent upper abdominal pain or discomfort as assessed by a standardised questionnaire, and Helicobacter pylori status was determined (ELISA and 13 C urea breath test). Eight H pylori negative, currently asymptomatic dyspeptic subjects who were non-consulters and eight asymptomatic age and sex matched H pylori negative controls were enrolled. With a barostat bag in the proximal part of the stomach, visceral perception thresholds were determined by random tracking. Thereafter, standardised ramp distensions were performed (2 mm Hg increments, duration of each pressure step 30 seconds, maximum pressure 35 mm Hg (or occurrence of pain)) and tracking of sensory thresholds and ramp distension repeated every 30 minutes for a total of two hours. RESULTS Overall, thresholds for first perception were significantly lower in dyspeptic subjects compared with asymptomatic controls (12.5 (0.6) mm Hg v 17.5 (1.0) mm Hg; p<0.02). After repeated ramp distensions, thresholds for first perception significantly increased by 3.6 (0.7) mm Hg in healthy subjects compared with 0.1 (1.4) mm Hg in subjects with dyspepsia (p<0.05 dyspeptics v controls). CONCLUSIONS (1) Repeated mechanical stimulation increases visceral sensory thresholds in asymptomatic subjects while thresholds remain unchanged in dyspeptics. (2) Visceral hyperalgesia occurs in dyspeptic subjects who are not health care seekers.
Developing Critical Skills and Design Thinking via Practical Classes in Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores the importance of developing critical and design thinking skills in university education. With the growing demand for creative and innovative professionals in various industries, it is essential for universities to provide students with the opportunity to develop these competencies through hands-on activities. The authors argue that a hands-on learning approach, such as project assignments, case studies, business games, model and systems design tasks, can help students develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills needed in today's rapidly changing job market. Design thinking is also becoming a core competency, capable of helping students effectively solve complex problems, develop innovative solutions, and make creative decisions. The article presents various methods of teaching practical classes for economic specialties and discusses the benefits of including such classes in the learning process. By highlighting the benefits of hands-on learning for student development and career growth, this article aims to encourage higher education institutions to adopt a more hands-on approach to education, helping students become well-rounded and employable graduates. The authors emphasize the importance of teacher assistance, acting as mentors and coaches, to contribute to the development of creative thinking and innovative approaches in students. Based on the study's results, recommendations were developed to create conditions for the development of students' critical and design thinking. Compliance with these conditions will enable universities to improve the quality of education in terms of forming competencies and enhancing graduates' competitiveness in the labor market.
3.1. Long-term star formation at the Galactic center and its effect on the stellar population

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Star formation presently occurs in our Galactic nucleus at a rate of several 10 −1 M ⊙ yr −1 . If this value represents the long-term average, some 10 9 M ⊙ of stars should have been generated in our Galaxy's central few hundred parsec volume over the Milky Way's lifetime. As the expected stellar yield is actually in rough agreement with the mass of our Galaxy's bright near-infrared “central r −2 cluster”, it is possible to hypothesize that this massive “nuclear” cluster is in fact the product of long-term nuclear star-formation, rather than being a remnant of the Galaxy's formation epoch. Several lines of evidence supporting this hypothesis are laid out in Serabyn and Morris (1996), to which the reader is referred for a complete discussion and reference list; here only a brief summary of the main arguments is presented.
A Balanced Serial K-Means Based Clustering Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless sensor networks consisting of nodes with limited battery power are deployed to collect useful information from a certain field. How to schedule the energy resource to improve energy dissipation is one of the challenges in implementation of such system. In this paper, we propose a balanced serial K-means based clustering protocol (BSK-means) for clustering the sensor nodes. The protocol based on K-means algorithm minimizes the amount of energy for the non-cluster head nodes to transmit their data to the cluster head, by minimizing the total sum of squared distances between all the non-cluster head nodes and the closest cluster centers. BSK-means balances each cluster to help in balancing the whole system load on each cluster head. Furthermore, the cluster-heads are selected in terms of two factors, the distance and residual energy. We present the algorithm of this new protocol, analyze its performance, and validate the algorithm by simulations. Both theoretical analyses and simulation results demonstrate that BSK-means can achieve better load-balance and prolong the system lifetime for the networks compared with LEACH.
Extracting and Defining Flexibility of Residential Electrical Vehicle Charging Loads

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The popularization of electric vehicles raises concerns about their negative impact on the electrical grid. Extracting electric vehicle charging load patterns is a key factor that allows smart grid operators to make intelligent and informed decisions about conserving energy and promoting the stability of the electrical grid. This paper presents an unsupervised algorithm to extract electric vehicle charging load patterns nonintrusively from the smart meter data. Furthermore, a method to define flexibility for the collective electric vehicle charging demand by analyzing the time-variable patterns of the aggregated electric vehicle charging behaviors is presented. Validation results on real residential loads have shown that the proposed approach is a promising solution to extract electric vehicle charging loads and that the approach can effectively mitigate the interference of other appliances that have similar load behaviors as electric vehicles. Furthermore, a case study on real residential data to analyze electric vehicle charging trends and quantify the flexibility achievable from the aggregated electric vehicle load in different time periods is presented.
General Anesthetic Effects on Glycine Receptors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Glycine was first identified as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in a paper by Aprison and Werman (1). This role was subsequently confirmed in two papers detailing a combined neurochemical and neurophysiological approach, which led to a general acceptance of this role for glycine (2,3). Subsequently, it was established that strychnine was a selective antagonist at the glycine receptor (4). The identification and characterization of the glycine receptor as a transmembrane protein composed of two subunits, α and β, followed over a decade later (5–9).
Effect of Using Reclaimed Water via Furrow and Subsurface Drip Systems under Alternate Partial Root-Zone Irrigation Mechanism on Crops Growth and Soil Properties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The growing population in conjunction with water scarcity forces us to search for alternative sources of irrigation water and integrate it with irrigation strategies for agricultural expansion to meet sustainable development objectives. For this purpose, a field experiment was conducted over three years (2017, 2018, and 2019) to investigate the effect of water quality (reclaimed water (RW) and freshwater (CW)), irrigation techniques (subsurface drip irrigation (SDI and Furrow irrigation (FUI)), irrigation methods (Full irrigation (FI) and alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI (70% ETc)), and their interactions on the fresh fruit yield (FY), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of tomatoes. As well as evaluate the effects of these experimental factors on soil properties regard to electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and organic matter (OM) of Soil. The experiment was undertaken over three growing spring seasons in China. There were eight treatments in the experiment. For all three years, the yield, IWUE, and NUE values of all treatments under RW were high compared with the corresponding values under CW. The same occurred under SDI compared with FUI. Analysis of variances showed that there was no significant effect ( P > 0.05) of water quality, irrigation technique, and irrigation methods on the soil EC, PH, and OM over the three years. In addition, there was no significant effect ( P > 0.05) on the interaction between the experimental factors over the three years. In conclusion, the application of RW under SDI can result in saving CW and increasing productivity without any negative effect on the investigated soil properties, as well as, when RW-SDI is used in conjunction with APRI, it can result in increasing IWUE.
ChemInform Abstract: Annulation of Ethyl (Bis(ethylthio)methyl)benzoate and Ethyl 2‐(1,3‐) Dithiolan‐2‐yl‐benzoate with α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds: A New Synthesis of Naphthalene and Anthracene Derivatives.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
INFRARED SPECTRA OF HEXAFLUORIDES OF THE SECOND TRANSITION GROUP $ELEMENTS^{*}$

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

$^{*}$Based on work performed under the auspices of the U.S Atomic Energy Commission. $^{1}$H. H. Classen and B. Weinstock, J. Chem. Phys, 33, 436 (1960). $^{2}$B. Weinstock, H. H. Claassen and J. G Malm, J. Chem. Phys. 32, 181 (1960). $^{3}$M. S. Child, Mol. Phys. 3, 605 (1960).