jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of cavitation and nanofiltration temperature on the functionality of MPC80

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nanofiltration (NF) is typically utilized during MPC manufacture to concentrate ultrafiltration retentate before drying. In related research we determined that increasing the NF temperature from 22°C to 50°C and use of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) improved nanofiltration performance and increased the level of total solids that can be achieved. In this study 3 replicates of 4 different NF retentates were spray dried and the functionality of the dried MPC was evaluated. The NF treatments utilized were: NF at 22°C (NF22); NF at 50°C (NF50); HC before NF at 22°C (HCNF22); and HC before NF at 50°C (HCNF50). All samples were spray dried using a pilot scale dryer (Niro dryer Model 1, Niro Inc., Columbia) using air atomizing-flat spray nozzle (SUE15A, external mix) with an inlet and outlet temperature 170°C and 85°C respectively. The powders produced were analyzed for physicochemical and functional quality. The moisture content of all powders was below 5% and the protein and ash content ranged from 79.81 to 81.29% and 7.23–7.35% respectively. The loose bulk density was 353, 332, 358, and 323 Kg/ m3 and the tapped bulk density was 454, 428, 456, and 421Kg/m3 respectively for the NF22, NF50, HCNF22, and HCNF50 treatments. The loose and tapped bulk density was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in treatments NF at 22°C, whereas HC did not have a significant (P > 0.05) impact on loose or tapped bulk density. There were no significant differences in solubility at 22°C or 50°C or wetting time at 22°C; however, HC significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the wetting time at 50°C. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in emulsification capacity, emulsion stability, or foam stability, whereas foam capacity was significantly higher in the treatments that were nanofiltered at 50°C. The rennet coagulation time significantly (P < 0.05) increased and the heat coagulation time significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the treatments that were nanofiltered at 50°C. This study determined that NF temperature and HC have important effects on the functionality of dried MPC80 and can be utilized to adjust the functional characteristics of MPC80.
A REVIEW ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL ANDJOB ATTITUDES WITH THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF WORK ENGAGEMENT IN HOTEL INDUSTRY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Meeting the challenges of effective human resources management needs new thoughts and approaches. In order to expand the traditional perspective of economic capital, human capital and social capital have been paid more and more attention. This paper proposes that psychological capital can affect employees' attitudes from two aspects, namely, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Based on the perspective of individual psychology, this article provides reviews of literature on this topic and explains the relationships between employees psychological capital and job attitudes in hotels. This research also attempts to review the influence of work engagement on employees organizational commitment and job satisfaction. In an era of intense competition in the world, the pace of change is progressively increasing and the competitiveness of companies depends on how they can adapt to reality. To be flexible in responding to challenging changes, it is essential to know how to use intangible resources.
The effect of plant growth regulators on Fusarium head blight infection in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Fusarium graminearum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important fungal disease of wheat predominantly caused by Fusarium graminearum. FHB infection in cereal crops leads to yield loss and decreased grain quality due to accumulation of mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol. Many highly FHB resistant wheat cultivars are tall and are prone to lodging. Application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to tall cultivars with the highest level of FHB resistant could prevent wheat from lodging and overcome the negative association between shorter plants and FHB susceptibility. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of PGRs on FHB infection and anther retention in spring wheat cultivars. Two commercially available PGRs, Manipulator™ and Ethrel™, were applied to five spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars which differed in height, FHB resistance level and semi-dwarfing alleles. Results from this study showed Ethrel™ reduced plant height under field and controlled environments conditions. Under field conditions, PGRs did not influence anther retention and FHB infection in spring wheat. In contrast, in controlled environment conditions, Manipulator™ decreased anther retention, while Ethrel™ increased anther retention. Treatment with Manipulator™ showed conflicting results on the accumulation of F. graminearum DNA in the spike. The Ethrel™ treatment showed that accumulation of F. graminearum DNA is genotype specific. Overall, the performance of PGRs on height, anther retention and FHB infection were influenced by environmental conditions.
Some Results of VALVE-GEAR RESEARCH As Applied to Diesel Engines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>EMPHASIZING first that the entire valve gear from the camshaft to the valve seat must be considered as a whole in designing a poppet-valve engine, Mr. Voorhies proceeds in this paper to discuss the mechanical design of each component of the valve gear. Considerable space in this discussion is devoted to the design, operation, and advantages of hydraulic valve lifters.</b></div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>A summary of the various points set forth in this paper includes the following recommendations:</b></div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Camshaft deflection should be held to not more than 0.002 to 0.003 in. Accelerations should be as high as possible on both the opening and closing sides; the opening side acceleration may range up to three times that of the closing side. Cam followers should not be overstressed by the use of too small a nose radius. Mushroom-type followers may have a cast-iron face when operating on cams of any material. Steel followers can be used successfully only on cast-iron cams provided that the cam is properly designed; the section of the cast-iron cam should be about 30% greater than that of a steel cam for equal rigidity.</b></div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>The pushrod should be of tubular welded-end construction. The rocker arm should be of the lightest construction that will not deflect excessively under maximum load; a rocker ratio of 1.3 to 1.6 is best, considering all factors. The use of a roller is very good practice in large engines where loads are high. Rocker-arm geometry should be such that the movement of the valve is about one-third above and two-thirds below the centerline.</b></div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>The valve should have a hard tip, high hot strength, and stainless properties. For relatively high speeds a hollow-drilled valve is desirable for lightness. If this design causes excessive heating, sodium cooling should be used.</b></div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Valve stem guides should be extended as high as possible on the valve to permit ample clearance without excessive valve cocking.</b></div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>The spring should have a safety margin of at least 30% at the point of reversal, and should have the highest possible frequency without overstressing the material.</b></div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>The valve seat insert should be of ample section, maximum rigidity, and of a material which provides maximum resistance to distortion.</b></div>
The Road to Racial Progress in the Seventh-day Adventist Church: A Survey of Counsel and Policy from 1890-1920

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The SDA church entered the South during a tumultuous period in American history. As a product of its time, the church adopted policies that limited the effectiveness of black outreach while seemingly unaware that it had accepted cultural norms towards African Americans. While the ambitions of the church expressed the inclusiveness of its Christian message, in practice it hindered itself due to prejudice by the membership along with inconsistent policies. Because of this the road to full integration of African Americans and the execution of Black Missions moved slowly. Regardless, African Americans progressed due to strong commitment to the message.
Working Creatively with sound and image: residential workshop - contribution to a Creative Practice Primer: [a]bridged

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This Creative Practice Primer documents the activities that took place during an Experimental Research Network’s residential workshop, ‘Working creatively with sound and image‘, at Dundee Contemporary Arts in November 2010. The workshop was organised by Dr Michael Gallagher and Jonathan Prior, Department of Geography, University of Edinburgh.

During the workshop, 10 UK-based social science and arts researchers spent a week experimenting collaboratively with audio, visual and site-specific creative methods, exploring how such methods might be used to enrich and enliven research.

Documentation from the workshop was shared on a website, not as a set of research products, but rather as records of processes and practices, to function as a source of ideas, inspiration and practical suggestions for other researchers wishing to experiment with creative methods of enquiry.
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS DRIVING M-COMMERCE ADOPTION IN THAILAND

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This empirical analysis evaluates the impact and correlation among various determinants including social influence, trust, cost, perceived enjoyment, personal innovativeness, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards m-commerce, and intention to adopt m-commerce in Thailand. The survey method was applied by using 400 of online questionnaires to obtain the primary data from participants. The target population is people who are living in Thailand and have experience in using m-commerce at least one time. It was found that most participants use mobile banking the most and the mobile stock trading is the least. For the statistical treatments of the data, Multiple Regression and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were employed to test all of 400 validated questionnaires through Statistical Software. All hypotheses were supported.
A theory of elementary photophysical processes with the participation of excess electrons in polar liquids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The main concepts of the new theory of processes with the participation of excess electrons in polar liquids are considered. The theory takes into account that (1) polar liquids are electrostatically inhomogeneous (local potentials on molecules are different) and (2) a molecule can accept an electron for a short time to produce an anion in an unstable state with a certain energy and lifetime. A discrete model of a substance consisting of molecules with constant dipole moments is used. Excess electrons in a liquid are described by energy distribution density, and the behavior of electrons, by quantum mechanics equations. The experimental data on the photoionization of water and aqueous solutions of salts and the low threshold energy of photons (∼6.5 eV) at which solvated electrons appear in water are explained. The absorption spectra of water with excess electrons at the first and subsequent time moments after their photogeneration are reproduced theoretically. The dependence of the photoemission of solvated electrons from potassium-ammonia solutions on the energy of photons is interpreted. The continuous spectrum of spontaneous radiation of solvated electrons in liquid ammonia and water is calculated. The optical absorption spectra of solvated electrons in such polar liquids as water and ammonia are reproduced.
Does religious atmosphere promote corporate green innovation performance? Evidence from China

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Green innovation has been attracting much attention from academia and practice, but the influence of religion as an important informal institutional factor has not been fully investigated in existing studies. Taking Chinese listed companies from 2008 to 2019 as a sample, this study attempts to examine the relationship between religious atmosphere and corporate green innovation performance. The empirical results indicate that a religious atmosphere (Buddhism and Taoism as a whole) can significantly improve corporate green innovation performance, particularly high‐quality green innovation. The positive association between religion and green innovation performance is attenuated by pervasive formal institutions (i.e., environmental regulation), indicating that there is a substitutive effect between religion and formal institutions. We also find that Taoism mainly supports these results, while Buddhism has a limited impact, showing that there is a heterogeneous effect between different religions. We further find that the positive impact of religious atmosphere on green innovation performance is more pronounced in low‐governance enterprises and low‐polluting industries. This study contributes to research on the antecedents of corporate green innovation and the consequence of religion, which is of great significance to the value of religion in business practice.
Genetic Relationship of Two Mutant Genes Which Producing Three Different Syndromes in the Mouse

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We determined that leaner gene (la) is located in the linkage group XVIII and closely linked to Es-1, which is known to be located closely to tottering gene (tg). Double heterozygote (la/tg) produced by mating between la heterozygote and tg heterozygote showed an intermediate syndrome between those seen in tottering (tg/tg) and leaner (la/la) mice. Both leaner and tottering mice showed neuromuscular disorders, but their clinical and pathological characteristics were different. Leaner mice were found to represent a so-called cerebellar mutant having the reduced size of cerebellum and severe cytoarchitectonic abnormalities with focal losses of Purkinje and granular layer cells. Tottering was, however, another mutation having epileptiform seizures, and it was characterized pathologically by cellular losses and shrinkage as well as vesiculations of cytoplasmic membranous structures in the cerebellum. The double heterozygote was shown to have both pathologic characteristics seen in each homozygote, and also showed shrinkage of Purkinje cells and vesiculation of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. These clinical and pathological findings supported the genetic data suggesting that la and tg constitute an allele.
Analysis of Variance of a Balanced Incomplete Block Design with Missing Observations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In experimental work the results of one or more observations may be missing. An agricultural plot may be trampled, an animal may die, a test tube may be dropped, or a machine may break down. When missing values occur, the usual method of computing the various sums of squares cannot be used unless the missing values are first estimated from the existing data. Cornish' obtained a specific formula for a single missing value and an iterative procedure for several missing values by minimising the error sum of squares. He also showed that the resulting treatment sum of squares had a positive bias and how to eliminate it. Wilkinson3 obtained a general procedure for estimating missing values which involves the solutions of matrix equations. The method of Glenn and Kramer2 may also be used by considering that a balanced incomplete block design is a randomised block design with missing observations, but this procedure would require the estimation of a large number of missing values. This paper will deal with the estimation of several missing values in a balanced incomplete block design by minimising the error sum of squares. Explicit formulae for each value missing will be derived for many special cases and a completely general solution will be given. These formulae may prove to be less tedious in application than the ones now available. A direct method of analysis of the augmented data, not requiring a correction for bias in the treatment sum of squares, will be given. It should be noted that, by estimating missing values, the symmetry in the design is restored, but the estimates serve only to expedite analysis of the data; they do not by any means restore the information lost in the missing observations.
The Effectiveness of Temporary Hemiepiphysiodesis for Non‐idiopathic Coronal Angular Deformity of the Knee in Children: A Comparison of Hinge Eight‐Plate and Traditional Eight‐Plate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis (TH) is a very common technique for coronal angular deformity of the knee in children, especially non‐idiopathic. However, there is currently a dearth of comparative research on the hinge eight‐plate (HEP) and traditional eight‐plate (TEP). This study aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness and implant‐related complication rates of TH using TEP and HEP for non‐idiopathic coronal angular deformity, as well as to identify clinical factors affecting correction velocity. Methods We retrospectively observed a consecutive series of patients with non‐idiopathic coronal angular deformity of the knee who underwent TH using HEP or TEP and completed the deformity correction process from July 2016 to July 2022. According to the kind of eight plates, we divided those patients into the HEP group and the TEP treatment group. Relevant clinical factors, including the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), screw divergence angle (SDA), angle of plate and screw (APS), hinge angle of HEP (HA), and the knee zone location of the lower extremity mechanical axis, were documented. Additionally, deformity correction velocity, complications, and clinical efficacy were assessed. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi‐squared test, Fisher exact test, or Wilcoxon test, while continuous variables were evaluated using the t ‐test or analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results There were 29 patients in the HEP treatment group (seven girls and 22 boys) and 33 patients (12 girls and 21 boys) in the TEP treatment group. In all, 91.86% (79/86 knees) of the genu angular deformities were completely corrected, 6.98% (6/86 knees) had the overcorrection condition, and 10.47% (9/86 knees) had screw loosening. The swayback HEP rate was 11.29% (7/62 HEPs), which was related to the screw loosening in the HEP group ( p < 0.001). The overall correction velocities and screw divergence angle change speeds in the HEP group were all significantly faster than those in the TEP group ( p < 0.05). The initial APS of the HEP implanted was higher than that of TEP ( p < 0.01), and multisite changes of APS during deformity correction of the HEP group were smaller than that of the TEP group. Conclusion HEP proved to be an appropriate device for TH for non‐idiopathic coronal angular deformities of the knee with high correction velocity in children. Avoiding the occurrence of the swayback phenomenon may reduce the complications of HEP.
Acquired circulating anticoagulant in a 4-year-old child.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

surface immunoglobulin and were characterised by convoluted nuclei and scarce cytoplasm.The cells were 10-15 pm in diameter and were negative for acid phosphatase, non-specific esterase, Sudan black, and periodic-acid Schiff stains.No abnormal lymphocytes were detected in the blood or bone marrow.Cranial radiation and intrathecal methotrexate were started on day 48, but no systemic cytotoxic therapy was given.Severe visual impairment persisted and his general condition remained unchanged.His spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and peripheral blood remained normal.On day 71 occasional primitive lymphocytes and numerous smear cells were found in his blood; the white count was 2-7 x 109/1.The patient deteriorated until death on the 81st day after admission.There was no necropsy.Analysis of the bone marrow and peripheral blood at death showed infiltrating neoplastic cells with E and C3 receptors as detected previously in the CSF. DiscussionThis case may be regarded as acute leukaemia or lymphoma with early involvement of the meninges.It is unusual for acute leukaemia to present with CNS symptoms.3The incidence of meningeal symptoms at diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma varies-6/30 children reported from Toronto4 and 0/64 by Pinkel et al.5 This case appears to be the first documented of a T cell lymphoma presenting with CNS symptoms and no clinical evidence for other tissue lesions.The neoplastic cells had convoluted nuclei, but, unlike other cases of T cell ALL, expressed the C3 complement receptor.Tests with unsensitised and IgM-sensitised ox cells were negative.This case is reported to emphasise that ALL enters into the differential diagnosis of CSF lymphocytosis.This point was not appreciated initially, since there was no indication that the lymphocytes in the first CSF were malignant, and the thymic shadow, although enlarged, was not considered abnormnal.
Effects of Organic and Conventional Fertilizing Methods on Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activity in Brunisolic Soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this paper,the effects of different fertilizer treatments on soil microbial biomass carbon(SMBC),nitrogen(SMBN),phosphorus(SMBP) and soil urease,catalase,invertase,neutral phosphatase activities in brunisolic soil were studied.Five treatments which were no fertilizer(CK),chemical fertilizer(F),chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer at ratios of 1∶3(F1M3) and 3∶1(F3M1),organic fertilizer(M) were laid out.The results were as follows: Compared to CK,the application of fertilizer decreased SMBC/N,the amount of SMBC,SMBN,SMBP and the activities of urease,catalase decreased for the application of chemical fertilizer only,but neutral phosphatase activity tended to increase.The effect of organic fertilizer on SMBC was higher than that of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer only.For SMBN and SMNP,F1M3 M F3M1 F.The effect of organic fertilizer on soil invertase activity was not apparent.The application of organic fertilizer only had inhibiting effect on phosphatase activity.Generally,soil catalase,invertase and neutral phosphatase activities were correlated with SMBC,SMBN,SMBP.Soil microbiology indicators could effectively distinguish the conventional production applied chemical fertilizer only and organic production applied organic fertilizer only.SMBC could be used to test whether there was application of chemical fertilizer in organic production.
FRA and IRS: Pricing and Valuation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Bakalařska prace popisuje vývoj oceňovaciho a ohodnocovaciho ramce forward rate agreement (FRA) a fixed-for-floating swapů (IRS), který se zacal použivat v důsledku 2007-2008 financně krize. Prvni cast bakalařske prace zkouma, jak se dva zminěne derivaty oceňovaly a ohodnocovaly před financni krizi, jsou představeny jejich oceňovaci a ohodnocovaci vzorce. Dale jsou vymezeny předpoklady, ktere tvořily zaklad předkrizoveho ramce. Druha cast poskytuje důkazy o nových tržnich podminkach, ve kterých už předpoklady předkrizoveho ramce neplati. Třeti cast představuje v reakci na tyto nove tržni podminky pokrizový ramec. Pozornost v pokrizovem ramci je věnovana kolateralizovaným FRA a IRS, pro ktere jsou odvozeny oceňovaci a ohodnocovaci vzorce. Tato cast prace se take věnuje důsledkům kolateralizace derivatů a přechodu na OIS diskontovani.