jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Maturation and Interrelationship of Mouse Mononuclear Phagocytes in Bone Marrow, Peripheral Blood and Peritoneal Cavity in Terms of Erythrophagocytic Activity

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Ingestion by mononuclear cells in bone marrow, peripheral blood and the peritoneal cavity of red cells treated with antibodies and various chemicals was studied in an attempt to characterize these cell lines during development and to clarify the interrelationship among them. Bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes became intensively phagocytic during the second day of culture, indicating that the maturation time from progenitor cells to macrophages was about 48 hr. Blood monocytes exhibited very active erythrophagocytic activity after 24 to 48 hr cell culture. Uptake of sensitized red cells by both the cell lines was markedly inhibited by IgG irrespective of time periods of cell culture. Majority of peritoneal lymphocyte-like cells (LLC) separated from other forms of mononuclear cells were shown to become capable of erythrophagocytosis with maturation time to macrophages between 24 to 48 hrs. Under non-stimulated steady state, uptake of sensitized red cells by peritoneal macrophages was far less sensitive to IgG inhibition than that by bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes and blood monocytes, suggesting that IgG receptor does not play main role for the erythrophagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages. Peritoneal cells collected under inflammatory stimulus exhibited a character similar to bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes and blood monocytes with regard to IgG receptor. It was suggested that under steady state peritoneal macrophages arise and mature from local proliferative pool with some different phagocytic mechanism from that of bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes.
Anatomic greater tuberosity healing does not influence the functional outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty for acute proximal humerus fractures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background To investigate the functional outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in acute complex proximal humerus fractures (PHF) in patients with an anatomic greater tuberosity union in comparison to patients with a displaced or resorbed tuberosity. Method It is a retrospective study with prospective data collection including 32 consecutive PHF with a minimum two-year follow-up treated with RSA. A radiological study and a CT scan were performed specifically for the study. Two shoulder surgeons and a musculoskeletal radiologist assessed the position and union of the greater tuberosity. The functional outcomes were assessed with the Constant-Murley, DASH, ASES and ADLER scores. Results The mean overall CS was 59.55. In 17 cases, the greater tuberosity healed in an anatomical position. In 15 cases, it was non-anatomical. In 53% of patients, greater tuberosity union was obtained. The CS was 62.76 in the anatomic union group and 55.9 in the non-anatomic union group. No significant differences were observed. No differences were observed in the ASES, DASH and ADLER scores. Conclusion After RSA for PHF, anatomic greater tuberosity healing was obtained in 53% of patients. The influence of the position and union of the greater tuberosity on the functional results could not be evidenced.
POTRET MOTIVASI PADA SYIIR ‘IBAADAALLAH RIJAALALLAH DALAM KITAB MANAQIB NURUL BURHANI: STUDI SEMIOTIKA RIFFATERRE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Reading literary works is also related to concretization which allows for different results to be obtained from differences in time and the social influences that surround them. Differences in the results of readers' interpretations are also due to the broad scope of meaning in a literary text. In analyzing the object of literary works, the writer chooses Syiir Ibaadallah Rijalallah which is contained in the book Manaqib Nurul Burhani. The meaning of poetry in this article uses semiotic tools with the method of searching for meaning according to what Riffatre directs. contains motivation to increase enthusiasm for life and increase self-development through being active and innovative. . Indirectly it will bring out privileges to oneself and indirectly benefits will arise both individually and collectively.
Two pathways for RNase E action in Escherichia coli in vivo and bypass of its essentiality in mutants defective for Rho‐dependent transcription termination

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary The endonuclease RNase E of Escherichia coli is essential for viability, but deletion of its C‐terminal half (CTH) is not lethal. RNase E preferentially acts on 5′‐monophosphorylated RNA whose generation from primary transcripts is catalysed by RppH, but ΔRppH strains are viable. Here we show that the RNase E‐ΔCTH ΔRppH combination is lethal, and that the lethality is suppressed by rho or nusG mutations impairing Rho‐dependent transcription termination. Lethality was correlated with defects in bulk mRNA decay and tRNA processing, which were reversed by the rho suppressor. Lethality suppression was dependent on RNase H1 or the helicase UvsW of phage T4, both of which act to remove RNA–DNA hybrids (R‐loops). The rho and nusG mutations also rescued inviability of a double alteration R169Q (that abolishes 5′‐sensing) with ΔCTH in RNase E, as also that of conditional RNase E deficiency. We suggest that the ΔCTH alteration leads to loss of a second 5′‐end‐independent pathway of RNase E action. We further propose that an increased abundance of R‐loops in the rho and nusG mutants, although ordinarily inimical to growth, contributes to rescue the lethality associated with loss of the two RNase E cleavage pathways by providing an alternative means of RNA degradation.
Adrenocorticotropin responses to corticotropin releasing factor and vasopressin in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effects of exogenous corticotropin releasing factor and arginine vasopressin were evaluated in 6- and 11-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Basal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and vasopressin levels did not differ between SHR and WKY, but basal corticosterone level was higher in 6-week-old SHR (p less than 0.01). To block endogenous corticotropin releasing factor secretion and nonspecific systemic responses, both groups were pretreated with chlorpromazine, morphine, and sodium pentobarbital anesthesia before measurement of ACTH responses to corticotropin releasing factor and vasopressin infusion. Basal ACTH level was lower in anesthetized 6-week-old SHR than in age-matched WKY (p less than 0.01), but no difference was seen between 11-week-old WKY and SHR. The ACTH response to corticotropin releasing factor in 6-week-old WKY was significantly greater than that in age-matched SHR (p less than 0.01), whereas in 11-week-old SHR and WKY the response was similar. Compared with responses in WKY, SHR showed an increased ACTH response to high doses of vasopressin (0.25 micrograms/100 g body weight) at both ages (p less than 0.05). These results indicate that the ACTH response to corticotropin releasing factor is blunted in the early stages of hypertension in SHR but later recovers. These abnormal responses to corticotropin releasing factor and vasopressin may be related to the development of spontaneous hypertension.
B-50 | Impact of Sleep Apnea on Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair: A Comprehensive Analysis Using the National Inpatient Database from 2016 to 2020

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Surgical patients with sleep apnea experience more peri-operative complications, including all-cause mortality. Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair (TMVR) offers an alternative for poor surgical candidates, yet data on the association between sleep apnea and TMVR outcomes are scarce. TMVR admissions (2016-2020) from the NIS Database, identified by ICD-10 codes, were analyzed, comparing outcomes between patients with and without sleep apnea using multivariate regression. In an analysis of 38,770 TMVR procedures (2016-2020) from the NIS Database, 6,100(15.73%) had co-morbid sleep apnea (Table 1). However, no significant differences were observed in inpatient mortality, length of stay, or total charges. Complication rates, including cardiac and respiratory complications, as well as venous thromboembolism and stroke rates, were comparable between groups (Table 2). Sleep apnea in TMVR patients did not significantly impact outcomes, affirming the feasibility and safety of TMVR in this population.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)
A control system of lower limb exoskeleton robots based on motor imagery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we have developed an asynchronous brain-computer interface (BCI)-based lower limb exoskeleton control system based on motor imagery (MI). By decoding electroencephalography (EEG) signals in real-time, users were able to walk forward, sit down, and stand up while wearing the exoskeleton. EEG feature vectors associated with the motor imagery were extracted from the filtered EEG signals with common spatial patterns (CSP) method. And support vector machine (SVM) was employed to address an EEG-based three - class motor imagery classification task. Overall, four healthy subjects participated in the experiment to evaluate performance. To achieve a better classification result, parameters of CSP and SVM were trained in the offline experiment. In the subsequent online experiment, the results exhibited accuracies of 85.33%, 84%, 72.67% and 81.33%. It indicates that subjects can complete the task fluently and the control system can decode EEG signals with a high recognition rate. Further, the combination in decision table obviously reduces the probability of wrong actions.
Effects of Cu/Er on Tensile Properties of Cast Al-Si Alloy at Low Temperature

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The current protocol presents the effects of the addition of Cu, rare earth Er, and Cu-Er composite elements on the microstructure of the Al-10Si-0.3Mg alloy. The variations in their low-temperature tensile properties were also investigated. The addition of rare earth Er elements, Cu elements, and Cu-Er composite elements increased the strength of all three groups of alloys when stretched at low temperatures (−60 °C). Further, the elongation of the alloy increased with the addition of Er, while the elongation of the other two groups decreased. The low-temperature (−60 °C) tensile strength of the alloy with the same composition was higher than that at room temperature (20 °C), but the elongation decreased. Notably, by adding rare earth Er to the Al-10Si-0.3Mg alloy, the three-dimensional morphology was changed from coarse dendritic to fine fibrous, the secondary dendritic arm spacing (SDAS) of the alloy was reduced, and the grains were refined. The Al2Cu phase, Al-Si-Cu-Mg quaternary phase, and Cu-rich phase appeared in the alloy with the addition of Cu elements, but the Si phase morphology and α-Al dendrites were not significantly improved. Interestingly, the Si phase morphology of the alloy was improved by adding Cu-Er composite elements, and SDAS was reduced. Still, the Al2Cu phase, Al-Si-Cu-Mg quaternary phase, and Cu-rich phase were not much improved.
Institutions as a Composite Concept: Explaining their Indeterminate Relationships with Economic Outcomes

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Development economics witnessed an ‘institutional turn’ from the 1990s onwards, with an increasing number of studies examining the two-way relationships between institutions and growth or individual incomes. Most of these studies, however, rely on mathematical models with empirical evidence being analysed via econometrics, thus assuming the possibility that given institutions may be subsumed under quantifiable variables. Many possible channels of causality have been highlighted over time and are in fine inconclusive. The context-dependence of causalities has been underscored in the literature. This paper goes further, building an original conceptual framework that articulates concepts from development economics, evolutionary theories of institutions and cognitive psychology. Firstly, the paper argues that the modelling of causalities is hindered by the very nature of the concept of institutions: these are composite entities and include varieties of ‘forms’ and ‘contents,’ which are driven by heterogeneous evolutionary dynamics and combine between themselves according to contexts. The concept of institution thus does not have the properties of semantic precision and stability in time and space that is yet required by modelling. What econometric studies measure are indeed some public attributes (‘forms’) of an institution, but this gives little information on the beliefs that individuals have about a given institution. Building on this first argument, the second argument is that this ex ante causal indeterminacy (on economic outcomes) is compounded by the heterogeneity of institutions. Some institutions have the property in individual mental representations to be more resilient than others, notably those governing group memberships: in the context of a limited presence of other institutions (e.g., those created by states) they exhibit a greater social dissemination – but cumulative causation may generate ‘institutional traps.’ Understanding these ‘core’ institutions may explain the vicious circles in which some developing regions seem to be caught. JEL Codes: O10, O43, B52
An investigation and analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among three kinds of women of childbearing age

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among three kinds of women of childbearing age,compare and analyse the incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among different age groups of women of childbearing age.Methods Epidemic survey was administrated to 4744 women of three different kinds in Shenzhen.Gynaecological examination,questionnaire and laboratory diagnosis for Chlamydia trachomatis infection were performed for each subject.Results Chlamydia trachomatis infection was identified in 4.85% of general women,4.18% in clinic outpatients and 17.49% in the high risk population,with an overall incidence of 5.80%.Among different age groups,it was found that incidence of the disease in ≤20 age group be the highest,with the incidence of 11.54%.Conclusion Compared to other cities of China and other countries,the general women of childbearing age in Shenzhen have no different incidence of the disease. The incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the high risk population is higher than other people.People of younger group have a higher incidence in Shenzhen.It is suggested that family planning organizations should prevent Chlamydia trachomatis from infecting woman of childbearing age.
The Communication between Schools and Families from the Perspective of Parents of High School Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper deal with the quality of the cooperation between families and school. The aim of the research was to find out how parents evaluate the cooperation between them and a school and how they see their children are prepared for the further studies. Method: non-standardized questionnaire, research sample: (N=176) the parents of children aged 10 to 15 years, parents age from 30 to 57. Partial results show that mothers feel to be more informed then fathers and mothers are more aware of the child's satisfaction in school. Furthermore, it has been proved that even older the child is, even worse evaluation the parents give to the level of its education. Parents of girls are significantly more persuaded that school prepares them better for further studies. The worse assessment children have, the lower parental satisfaction with the education is and these parents also think that their child is not properly prepared for future studies. Thereafter are commented in the paper expectations of parents and their requirements toward the school.
Lovastatin as an Adjuvant to Lithium for Treating Manic Phase of Bipolar Disorder: A 4-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives . Many patients with bipolar disorder suffer from metabolic disorder. Lovastatin is effective for treating major depression. This double-blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial investigates whether lovastatin is a useful adjuvant to lithium for treating mania. Methods . Fifty-four patients with bipolar disorder-manic phase were randomly allocated into lovastatin or placebo group. The clinical symptoms were assessed at baseline, week 2, and week 4 using Young Mania Rating Scale. Adverse effects were checked. Results . Forty-six out of 54 patients completed this trial. The mania score in the lovastatin group decreased from 40.6 (11.1) at baseline to 12.9 (8.7) and 4.1 (5.4) at weeks 2 and 4, respectively. The score in the placebo group decreased from 41.0 (11.2) at baseline to 12.8 (8.07) and 5.8 (4.6) at weeks 2 and 4, respectively. However, there was no significant difference between groups at week 2 and week 4. The adverse effects rates were comparable between the two groups. No serious adverse effect was found. Tremor and nausea were the most common adverse effects. Conclusions . Lovastatin neither exacerbated nor decreased the symptoms of mania in patients with bipolar disorder. Current results support that the combination of lovastatin with lithium is tolerated well in bipolar disorder. The trial was registered with the Iranian Clinical Trials Registry ( IRCT201302203930N18 ).
STRESS AND FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION OF THE H-TYPE DARRIEUS VERTICAL AXIS TURBINE FOR MICRO-HYDROPOWER APPLICATIONS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present study aims to analyze the structural behavior of the Darrieus Hydro-kinetic turbine at different upstream velocity values and rotational rates. For that purpose, one-way fluid-structure interaction is performed to predict stresses, deformation and fatigue life of the turbine. To determine real-time fluid loads three-dimensional fluid flow simulations were performed, the obtained fluid loads were transferred to the structural finite element analysis model. CFD simulation results were validated with experimental results from literature where the close agreement was noticed. Structural analysis results revealed that the highest stresses are produced in the struts and at the joint where the shaft is connected with struts. Moreover, it was also found that the stress produced in the turbine is highly non-linear against Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) i.e inflow water velocity. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results showed that maximum values of stresses were found in the turbine strut having a value 131.99MPa, which lower than the yield strength of the material, the fatigue life of 117520 cycles and factor of safety 1.89. The study also found that increased inflow velocity results increase in stress and deformation produced in the turbine. Additionally, the study assumed Aluminum Alloy as turbine blade material, further; it was found that the blade which confronts flow, experience higher stresses. Moreover, the study concluded that strut, blade-strut joint and strut-shaft joint are the critical parts of the turbine, require careful design consideration. Furthermore, the study also suggests that the turbine blade may be kept hollow to reduce turbine weight; hence inertia and turbine struts and shaft should be made of steel or the material having higher stiffness and strength.
Business Cycles and Financial Crises: The Roles of Credit Supply and Demand Shocks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the hypothesis that the sources of economic and financial crises differ from those of noncrisis business cycle fluctuations. We employ Markov-switching Bayesian vector autoregressions (MS-BVARs) to gather evidence about the hypothesis on a long annual U.S. sample running from 1890 to 2010. The sample covers several episodes useful for understanding U.S. economic and financial history, which generate variation in the data that aids in identifying credit supply and demand shocks. We identify these shocks within MS-BVARs by tying credit supply and demand movements to inside money and its intertemporal price. The model space is limited to stochastic volatility (SV) in the errors of the MS-BVARs. Of the 15 MS-BVARs estimated, the data favor a MS-BVAR in which economic and financial crises and non-crisis business cycle regimes recur throughout the long annual sample. The best-fitting MS-BVAR also isolates SV regimes in which shocks to inside money dominate aggregate fluctuations. (Published in Macroeconomic Dynamics, 2014.)
Rheological Properties and Texture of Yoghurts When Oat-Maltodextrin is Used as a Fat Substitute

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Yoghurts were produced from cow's milk containing 1, 2 and 3 kg milk fat/100 kg or 1, 2 and 3kg of oat-maltodextrin/100 kg (maltodextrin included 5 kg β-glucan/100 kg). Non-fat yoghurt, without the addition of maltodextrin, was used as a control product. The yoghurts were estimated for sensory properties and using instrumental texture profile analysis (TPA) and rheological investigations, which had to set flow curves and their description by the Ostwald de Waele and Casson models; counting apparent viscosity were also done. Replacing milk fat with maltodextrin in yoghurts does not show significant differences in the sensory analysis, rheological properties and most of the texture parameters. The addition of milk fat in the amount of 1 kg/100 kg or maltodextrin in 2 kg/100 kg caused an increase in apparent viscosity of yoghurts. The addition of oat-maltodextrin caused a decrease in consistency index value and a deviation from the Newtonian flow and yield stress, similar to the effects caused by adding milk fat. No relationship between the results of the sensory evaluation, the instrumental texture parameters and rheological properties, especially in yoghurts containing milk fat, were shown
Disjoint Steiner Trees in the Balanced Complete Multipartite Networks

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The generalized k ‐connectivity κ k ( G ) of a graph G , introduced by Hager in 1985, is a natural generalization of the concept of connectivity κ ( G ), which is just for k = 2. In (Basrah Journal of Science, 37(3) (2019), 430–441), authors discussed the problem of internally disjoint Steiner trees in an equally complete k ‐partite network G by determining its generalized 3‐connectivity κ 3 ( G ). In this paper, we by determining the exact value of the generalized 4, 5‐(edge)‐connectivity of the balanced complete n ‐partite graph to investigate the edge disjoint Steiner trees in the balanced complete n ‐partite networks.
Lens culinaris Medik. subsp. culinaris IG 1496

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Lens culinaris Medik. subsp. culinaris
Common name(s): Lentil
Conserved by: International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon
Local sample unique identifier: IG 1496
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1973-03
Other identifiers: n/a,577, n/a,ILL 1496, n/a,NEL 1496
Historical: No
Biological status: Other
MLS status: Included