jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Extraction process of Chaiqinjiere granules

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aim To study on the best extraction process of Chaiqinjiere granules.Methods The obtaining rate of extraction and the content of the puerarin was taken as indexes for the ethanol extraction process,and the obtaining rate of extract and the content of baicailin as indexes for the water extraction process.The extraction process of Chaiqinjiere granules was optimized by orthogonal design.Results The optimal conditions for the ethanol extraction of Chaiqinjiere granules was using 8 times of 70% ethanol solution,reflux 3 times,1.5 hours each time.The optimal process for the water extraction of Chaiqinjiere granules was in 10 times of water,decocting 3 times,1.5 hours for each time.Conclusion The extracting method is reasonable,stable,and suitable for industrialized production.
Some histopathological and histochemical aspects of human ancylostomiasis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Using Watson's intestinal capsule small intestinal mucosal biopsies were taken from 30 patients with parasitologically proved pure ancylostomiasis and 12 normal controls. Biopsies were examined pathologically and histochemically for the enzymes, Alkaline phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, non specific esterases and acid phosphatase. The study revealed normal histological as well as normal enzymatic activity of the intestinal mucosa.
The histone demethylase KDM5A is a key factor for the resistance to temozolomide in glioblastoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Notwithstanding current multimodal treatment, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), median survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients is about 14 months, due to the rapid emergence of cell clones resistant to treatment. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying chemoresistance is mandatory to improve treatments' outcome. We generated TMZ resistant cells (TMZ-R) from a GBM cell line and from cancer stem cell-enriched cultures isolated from human GBMs. We demonstrated that TMZ resistance is partially reverted by "drug wash-out" suggesting the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms in drug resistance and supporting the possibility of TMZ rechallenge in GBM patients after prior drug exposure. The expression of histone lysine demethylase genes (KDMs) was increased in TMZ-R cells compared to parental cells, and TMZ resistance or restored sensitivity was mimicked by over-expressing or inactivating KDM5A. Methylation and expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and drug efflux mechanisms were not altered in TMZ-R cells compared to parental TMZ sensitive cells. TMZ-R cells transiently acquired morphologic and molecular characteristics of differentiated tumor cells, features that were lost after drug wash-out. In conclusion, we demonstrated that treatment-induced TMZ resistance in GBM involves epigenetic mechanisms in a subset of slow-cycling and transiently partially differentiated cells that escape drug cytotoxicity, overcome G2 checkpoint and sustain clonal growth. We found that TMZ-R cells are sensitive to histone deacethylase inhibitors (HDACi) that synergize with TMZ. This strong synergism could be exploited to develop novel combined adjuvant therapies for this rapidly progressing and invariably lethal cancer.
Argentina: the departure of the military—end of a political cycle or just another episode?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Argentina: the departure of the military—end of a political cycle or just another episode? Get access Alain Rouquié Alain Rouquié Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 59, Issue 4, September 1983, Pages 575–586, https://doi.org/10.2307/2619470 Published: 01 October 1983
Cloud modeling tool for problem solving : Development of scaffolding features

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Pres-On as a modeling tool with dynamic simulation feature is meant to be a platform for the learning process that involves conceptual change. Problem solving activity is used as a method to achieve conceptual change. The problem solving utilizes some case studies based on the real world system. As a tool to assist the learning process, Pres-On is developed based on the vision to facilitate the learning process. Therefore, its development is based on the learner necessities. In the learning process that utilizes instruction based conceptual change, there is a need for a scaffolding system to assist the problem solving. Pres-On must be able to satisfy the need by providing the scaffolding system. The objective of the project is to provide the scaffolding component for Pres-On. Other features that support scaffolding must also be developed in order to create a complete scaffolding system. In realizing the scaffolding system, pop-out messaging is chosen. An intelligence is used to determine the triggering condition for a scaffolding message to pop-out. The messages are expected to guide learner in understanding the system that is being modeled. Besides pop-out messaging, features like visualized variable change, Pres-On Topic Recognition Artificial Intelligence (POTRAI), domain knowledge assistance, and user assistant are all implemented to support scaffolding. In the end of the project, Pres-On was successfully equipped with scaffolding system and its supporting features.
Breast cancer awareness package on knowledge, attitude and practice towards breast self examination to prevent breast cancer among women in adopted communities – a pilot analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Breast health is extremely important for all women. However, the breast is another region of the human body that is susceptible to cancer. Breast cancer is becoming increasingly common these days, and it is now one of the leading causes of mortality globally. According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer is the most common disease among women worldwide, claiming the lives of hundreds of thousands of women each year and impacting nations at all stages of development. In fact, it is the most common cancer in women, with a significant incidence observed among those aged 30 to 50. The goal of the World Health Organization’s Worldwide Breast Cancer Initiative (GBCI) is to reduce global breast cancer mortality by 2.5 percent each year; As a result, 2.5 million breast cancer deaths will be avoided globally between 2020 and 2040. To achieve these goals, three pillars must be in place: health endorsement for early detection, suitable identification at the right time, and comprehensive breast cancer management. Because of advances in early detection and care, the incidence of women dying of breast cancer has decreased by 41% from 1989 to 2018. During that time, more than 403,000 breast cancer deaths were prevented.
NiCo2S4 Bi-metal Sulfide Coating on LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Cathode for High-Performance All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

NiCo2S4 nanoparticles (NPs) were dry coated on LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) cathode using a resonant acoustic coating technique to produce all-solid-state lithium batteries. The NiCo2S4 coating improved the electrochemical properties of the NCM622 cathode. In addition, NiCo2S4 eliminated the space-charge layer and the cathode showed an excellent affinity with the interface with a sulfide-based solid electrolyte as an inert material. X-ray diffraction patterns of NCM622 coated with NiCo2S4 showed the same peak separations and lattice parameters as those of bare NCM622. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersive spectroscopy mapping analyses showed that 0.3 wt% NiCo2S4-coated NCM622 had an evenly modified surface with NiCo2S4 NPs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the surface of 0.3 wt% NiCo2S4-coated NCM622 had two different S 2p peaks, a Co-S peak, and Ni and Co peaks, compared to those of bare NCM622. Electrochemical studies with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycle performances showed that NiCo2S4-coated NCM622 retained a higher specific capacity over multiple cycles than bare NCM622. Especially, 0.3 wt% NiCo2S4-coated NCM622 exhibited a capacity retention of 60.6% at a current density of 15 mA/g for 20 cycles, compared to only 37.3% for bare NCM622. Finally, interfacial XPS and transmission electron microscopy-electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses confirmed the stable state of 0.3 wt% NiCo2S4-coated NCM622 with minimal side reactions.
High Prevalence and Varied Distribution of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in the Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane of Citrus medica

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The plant-associated bacteria, including that in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane, play important roles in human exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). The rhizosphere and rhizoplane represent two distinct environments with different selective pressures for bacterial colonization. However, whether the difference in characteristics between the rhizosphere and rhizoplane can affect the abundance and antibiotic resistance profiles of ARB colonizing, the two environments remain largely unknown. In this study, we obtained 174 bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere (113 isolates) and rhizoplane (61 isolates) of Citrus medica trees grown in a park, where humans could easily and frequently contact the trees. A very high proportion of isolates exhibited resistance to several clinically important antibiotics, including β-lactam class antibiotics and polymyxin, with several known antibiotic-resistant opportunistic pathogens, such as Micrococcus luteus, being identified. The prevalence of ARB in the rhizoplane was higher than that in the rhizosphere. While the prevalence of polymyxin-resistant isolates was higher in the rhizoplane, the prevalence of amphenicol-resistant isolates was significantly higher in the rhizosphere. In summary, our findings suggest that the rhizosphere and rhizoplane are important media for the spread of ARB, and the different characteristics between the two environments can affect the distribution of ARB.
The nitrogen‐sink is involved in the regulation of nitrogenase activity in white clover after defoliation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In an attempt to manipulate plant nitrogen‐sink strength, various defoliation treatments were applied to white clover ( Trifolium repent L. cv. Ladino) grown in a controlled environment. Nitrogenase activity and its oxygen limitation were measured as H ; evolution in Ar:O 2 using a flow‐through gas exchange system. An experiment to monitor the response of nitrogenase activity to various degrees of defoliation showed that the removal of up to 50% of the leaf are a had no effect on nitrogenase activity within 6 h. If more than 50% of the leaf area was removed. the nitrogenase activity decreased in relation to the loss of leaf area. This was accompanied by a corresponding increase in the O 2 limitation of nitrogenase activity. In the experiment to determine the N‐sink strength after defoliation, the dry weight increase w as initially unaffected by the removal of 4% of the leaf area, whereas removal of 85% or 100% of the leaf area resulted in a dry weight loss for several days. The time course of nitrogen assimilation was similar to that of dry weight increase. This study provides substantial evidence that after a severe defoliation the nitrogen demand is temporarily restricted due to the lack of dry weight increase. Since the plant's ability to store organic nitrogen is very limited. it seems plausible that nitrogen assimilation in the still fully intact symbiotic system had to be down‐regulated. Consequently, to avoid ammonia toxicity. nitrogenase activity had to be reduced. Such an interpretation is supported by the fact that complete defoliation of nitrogen‐Starved plants caused a much milder decrease in nitrogenase activity compared to the decrease in plants well supplied with nitrogen. The present data are consistent with the hypothesis that after defoliation nitrogenase activity is adjusted in response to the reduced demand for symbiotically fixed nitrogen (nitrogen‐sink strength), It is proposed that such an adjustment could he made by a nitrogen feedback mechanism that regulates a variable oxygen‐diffusion barrier in the nodules.
Causal Relationship between Peripheral Immune Cell Counts and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Bi-directional Two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background Observational studies have described an association between peripheral immune cell counts and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but the exact causal relationship between them remains unclear. Therefore, a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study was conducted to explore this potential causality.Methods GWAS summary data for peripheral immune cell counts were obtained from Blood Cell Consortium with 563,085 subjects of European ancestry, and data for IBD, Cronh’s disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC) were obtained from five independent cohorts with 368,819 subjects of European ancestry. Single-variable Mendelian randomization (SVMR) was performed and followed by multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) to assess the causal effects of peripheral immune cell counts on IBD risk.Results SVMR estimates showed that genetically predicted higher leukocytes [odds ratio (OR): 1.225, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.027–1.452, P = 0.027] and neutrophils (OR: 1.281, 95% CI: 1.044–1.572, P = 0.018) increased risk of CD, and higher eosinophils increased risk of UC (OR: 1.288, 95% CI: 1.067–1.412, P = 0.005). In MVMR, the effects of neutrophils (OR: 1.653, 95% CI: 1.139–2.405, P = 0.010) and eosinophils (OR: 1.303, 95% CI: 1.016–1.668, P = 0.040) were still significant. Reverse MR analysis showed higher basophils (OR: 1.013, 95% CI: 1.001–1.014, P = 0.049) and eosinophils (OR: 1.012, 95% CI: 1.004–1.023, P = 0.027), and lower lymphocytes (OR: 0.993, 95% CI: 0.984-0,997, P = 0.015) in patients with IBD, with specific increases in neutrophils for CD (OR: 1.011, 95% CI: 1.005–1.014, P = 0.044) and basophils for UC (OR: 1.012, 95% CI: 1.004–1.023, P = 0.013).Conclusions These findings imply that increased peripheral neutrophil and eosinophil counts are potential causal risk factors for IBD, and IBD could affect the level of basophil, neutrophil, and lymphocyte count in turn. Our results may offer potential insights for the development of biomarkers and targeted treatment strategies for IBD.
Using internal layers from the Greenland ice sheet, identified from radio-echo sounding data, with numerical models

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Spatially extensive internal layers have been traced in airborne radio-echo sounding (RES) data collected over Greenland during the late 1990s. By linking internal layers within individual flight-lines at crossover points, it is possible to identify spatially continuous layers that are interpreted as isochronous surfaces. Several of the survey lines pass over the GRIP core site, and this allows us to use the published GRIP age–depth relationship to accurately date these surfaces. Two layers, with ages of 3891 and 6956 years BP, have been traced over a large part of North Greenland. Accurately dated and spatially continuous isochrones are valuable for both assimilation within, and verification of, numerical models. For example, comparison of isochronous surfaces from a numerical simulation with those layers observed in RES data can be used to inform the choice of parameters (e.g. rheology) and climate history used to force a numerical model. To demonstrate the potential of the RES data, two layers for North Greenland were used to determine palaeo-accumulation rates. The inversion from layer depth to accumulation rate requires a three-dimensional velocity field. This velocity field is constructed by combining a two-dimensional balance-velocity field with an assumed vertical structure for the horizontal velocity. The isochronous-layer derived accumulation rates were compared with the Bales and others (2001) rates. A larger east–west gradient was found across the central ice divide for the derived accumulation rate, suggesting a trend in the Holocene accumulation rates for this region. The layers were also compared with isochronous surfaces derived from simulations of a three-dimensional thermodynamic ice-sheet model. Using the isochronous-layer derived accumulation rates to force the model improved the match between modelled and observed layers.
Diagnostic accuracy of imaging studies in congenital lung malformations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Although fetal ultrasound, fetal MRI and postnatal CT are now widely used in the evaluation of congenital lung malformations (CLM), their diagnostic accuracy remains undefined. Objective To correlate prenatal and postnatal imaging studies with pathological data after CLM resection. Design Retrospective, descriptive case series study. Setting A North American tertiary care centre. Patients One hundred and three consecutive lung resections for a suspected CLM between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2015. Main outcome measures Diagnostic accuracy of imaging diagnosis compared with pathological evaluation. Results Pathological diagnoses included congenital pulmonary airway malformation ((CPAM) n=45, 44%), bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS; n=25, 24%), CPAM/BPS hybrid lesions (n=22, 21%) and pleuropulmonary blastoma (n=2, 2%). Fetal ultrasound detected 85 (82.5%) lesions and correctly diagnosed whether or not a lesion was a CPAM in 75% of cases (sensitivity 93%, specificity 32%). Fetal MRI had a similar concordance rate (73%) but was superior in correctly determining whether a systemic feeding vessel was present in 80% of cases (sensitivity 71%, specificity 88%) compared with an ultrasound accuracy rate of 72% (sensitivity 49%, specificity 93%). By comparison, postnatal CT correctly diagnosed whether a CPAM was present in 84% of cases (sensitivity 86%, specificity 77%) and whether a systemic feeding vessel was present in 90% of cases (sensitivity 92%, specificity 88%). Conclusions Fetal ultrasound remains an important tool in the detection and evaluation of congenital lung malformations. However, it does not correctly predict histology in approximately 25% of prenatally detected CLMs and remains limited by relatively poor sensitivity for systemic feeding vessels pathognomic for a bronchopulmonary sequestration. These data suggest the importance of obtaining additional cross-sectional imaging, preferably a postnatal CT scan, in all patients to help counsel families and to guide in the optimal management of these lesions.
Antimicrobial Properties of Common Mushrooms in Nigeria

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Over the past century, a number of synthetic antimicrobial agents have been discovered and developed, but drug resistance and toxicity are still the major hindrances to gaining successful therapeutic outcomes in many instances. Herbal medicines may represent a safe and useful supplement to existing chemotherapeutic therapies for the management of infectious diseases. Mushrooms especially the edible ones are traditionally employed in the preparation of several delicacies in most part of Nigeria. Results have also shown that many mushrooms are employed by traditional healers in treatment of many diseases. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of Pleurotus ostreatus, Marasmium oreades and fungal rhizomorphs were evaluated using antimicrobial sensitivity test, minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration using Kirby Bauer's disk diffusion and dilution techniques. The result of sensitivity shows that all the bacterial isolates were susceptible to Pleurotus ostreatus and Marasmium oreades while about 25% were susceptible to fungal rhizomorphs. The result of the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration reveals the susceptibility of the isolates to the extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus and Marasmium oreades at varying concentration with resistant from Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium to the extract of Marasmium oreades. The results obtained in this study suggest that Pleurotus ostreatus and Marasmium oreades possessed broad-spectrum of activity against microbial isolates used.
Voting in Indiana: A Century of Persistence and Change. By Charles S. Hyneman, C. Richard Hofstetter, and Patrick F. O'Connor. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980. Pp. x + 298. $18.50.)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Voting in Indiana: A Century of Persistence and Change. By Charles S. Hyneman, C. Richard Hofstetter, and Patrick F. O'Connor. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980. Pp. x + 298. $18.50.) - Volume 74 Issue 4
Summary of velocity measurements at DHI

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A series of comprehensive velocity measurements was carried out on the three dimensional model of the berm breakwater at the Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) in September 1995. Those measurements were a part of the research on berm breakwaters within the MAST II programme sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities. The major part of previous research on berm breakwaters has concentrated on the reshaping of a trunk section and stone movements exposed to perpendicular waves. Research at the DHI has been undertaken to study the effect of oblique waves on the reshaping and longshore transport of the trunk and roundhead of the berm breakwater. Since the main cause for these processes is the velocity field around the structure, the velocity measurements have been taken with the aim of studying and analysing the velocity field on the trunk and, especially, around the roundhead under wave attack. Regular waves were used for most of the experiments with one run using irregular waves.
Ginkgo special extract EGb 761® in vertigo: A systematic review of randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background. The concept for medical treatment of vertigo has changed during the last 30 years, because the dependence of the vertiginous sensation on vestibular compensation and the dependence of vestibular compensation on the state of vigilance were recognized. Methods. In this systematic review experimental studies of the influence of the special Ginkgo extract EGb 761® on vestibular compensation in animals and randomized, double-blind clinical studies of EGb 761® in vestibular and non-vestibular vertigo are described and critically evaluated. Results. The beneficial effect of EGb 761® on vestibular compensation was demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies. Conclusion. Evidence of efficacy of EGb 761® in the treatment of vertiginous syndromes can be derived from the available studies. This article has been published in German language before: Hamann KF. Ginkgo-Spezialextrakt bei Schwindel. Ein systematischer Review randomisierter, doppelblinder, placebo-kontrollierter klinischer Prufungen. HNO 2007;55:258-263. Submission in English language to The Internet Journal of Otorhinolaryngology was approved by Springer.