jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Empagliflozin in Different Phases of Diabetes Mellitus-Related Cardiomyopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: In diabetes mellitus-related cardiomyopathy (DMCMP), hyperglycemia causes endothelial dysfunction, fibrosis, and myocardial injury, which result in left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Treatment with sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) reduces the risk of exacerbation of heart failure (HF). The beneficial effects of SGLT2i on HF depend not only on indirect actions such as osmotic diuresis but also direct actions on the myocardium leading to improvements in LV function. However, it remains unclear whether SGLT2i treatment is equally effective in any phase of DMCMP. The aim of this observational study was to compare the efficacy of SGLT2i treatment on LV dysfunction between early and advanced DMCMP.Methods: Thirty-five symptomatic non-ischemic HF patients with LV ejection fraction (EF) greater than 40% and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with administration of empagliflozin (10 mg/day) were enrolled. According to the myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV), a reliable marker of cardiac fibrosis quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance, the patients were divided into the early DMCMP group (n = 16, ECV ≤ 30%) and advanced DMCMP group (n = 19, ECV > 30%) and followed-up prospectively. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and after 12 months. LV systolic function assessed as LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) and diastolic function assessed as the ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/e’) were compared.Results: ECV was strongly correlated with T2DM duration (r2 = 0.65, p < 0.001). At baseline, both groups had similar backgrounds (LVGLS: 7.9 ± 2.4% vs. 6.7 ± 3.0%, p = 0.207, and E/e’: 13.2 ± 6.1 vs. 12.6 ± 3.8, p = 0.694). After 12 months, the early DMCMP group showed greater improvement in LVGLS (ΔLVGLS: 4.6 ± 1.5% vs. 1.6 ± 3.3%, p = 0.003) and E/e’ (ΔE/e’: -3.4 ± 5.5 vs. -0.1 ± 3.5, p = 0.043) than in the advanced DMCMP group.Conclusions: The positive effects of empagliflozin on LV dysfunction were more remarkable in DMCMP with mild cardiac fibrosis than with advanced fibrosis. Early intervention of SGLT2i for DMCMP is preferable.
Effects of severity and location of nonsyndromic hypodontia on craniofacial morphology

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of severity and location of nonsyndromic hypodontia on craniofacial morphology. Materials and Methods: A total of 154 patients with at least two or more congenitally missing teeth were selected and divided into two groups (group I [mild]: patients with two to five missing teeth; group II [severe]: patients with six or more missing teeth). The patients with hypodontia were divided into three groups according to the location of missing teeth in the dental arches (anterior, posterior, and both anterior and posterior) and location of missing teeth between the jaws (maxilla, mandible, and both maxilla and mandible). Fifty Class I patients without any missing teeth served as the control group. Twenty-one measurements were performed on lateral cephalograms. Intergroup differences for the severity and location of hypodontia were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey tests. Results: Significant decreases were found in mandibular plane angles ( P < .05), upper and lower incisor measurements ( P < .05), anterior ( P < .001) and posterior ( P < .05) face heights, and ramus height ( P < .01), as well as a significant increase in the soft tissue convexity angle ( P < .05) among the hypodontia groups and control group. These differences were more excessive in the severe hypodontia group. Upper lip-E plane measurements were significantly longer in the mandible group than in the maxilla group ( P < .01). Conclusions: Patients with congenitally missing teeth have different craniofacial morphologies. The severity and location of missing teeth have a significant effect.
Complications of Arterial Puncture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

others ?Would they really be at ease in a genuinely democratic society of staff and patients ?He advocates privileges for psychiatric consultants similar to those thought to be enjoyed by colleagues in general-hospitals.However, general and teaching hospitals must be surely among the most conservative and hierarchical organizations in our society.It is precisely the virtue of a therapeutic community, to which Dr. Entwistle uncom- prehendingly refers, that it embodies methods of dissolving hierarchy.A democratic group requires leadership.It is convenient for a leader, as the representative of the common will of the community, to hold a symbolic office.The title of medical superintendent for this is as good or bad as any other.What matters is not the title but the way in which it is used.Our experience is the reverse of that to which Dr. Entwistle alludes.Without medical superintendents it is doubtful whether the major developments which have transformed progressive mental hospitals could have been achieved.-Iam, etc.,
Demonstrating climate mitigation technologies: An early assessment of the NER 300 programme

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This article takes stock of the world's largest low-carbon technology demonstration programme – the EU's NER 300. The programme has been marked by delays and many withdrawn projects since becoming operational in 2010: CCS projects have failed and not reached final investment decisions; wind and solar projects have succeeded, whereas bioenergy projects have seen successes as well as failures. These outcomes can be explained by specific design features in the program that placed large-scale projects at a disadvantage, and by the wider context of EU climate and energy policies providing inadequate market-pull incentives for CCS and biofuels. The design and policy challenges identified are related more to political feasibility than to lack of knowledge of what is needed to trigger innovation. The proposal for a follow-up Innovation Fund is assessed against the lessons from NER 300.
Tropical Convective Transition Statistics and Causality in the Water Vapor–Precipitation Relation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Previous work by various authors has pointed to the role of lower-free-tropospheric humidity in affecting the onset of deep convection in the tropics. Empirical relationships between column water vapor (CWV) and precipitation have been inferred to result from these effects. Evidence from previous work has included deep convective conditional instability calculations for entraining plumes, in which the lower-free-tropospheric environment affects the onset of deep convection due to the differential impact on buoyancy of turbulent entrainment of dry versus moist air. The relationship between deep convection and water vapor is, however, a two-way interaction because convection also moistens the free troposphere. The present study adds an additional line of evidence toward fully establishing the causality of the precipitation–water vapor relationship. Parameter perturbation experiments using the coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM) with high-time-resolution output are analyzed for a set of statistics for the transition to deep convection, coordinated with observational diagnostics for the Green Ocean Amazon (GOAmazon) campaign and tropical western Pacific Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites. For low values of entrainment in the deep convective scheme, these statistics are radically altered and the observed pickup of precipitation with CWV is no longer seen. In addition to helping cement the dominant direction of causality in the fast-time-scale precipitation–CWV relationship, the results point to impacts of entrainment on the climatology. Because at low entrainment convection can fire before tropospheric moistening, the climatological values of relative humidity are lower than observed. These findings can be consequential to biases in simulated climate and to projections of climate change.
The Social Interaction and Activity Patterns of Children from Two San Groups Living as Refugees on a Namibian Military Base

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Observations were made of the social interaction and activity patterns of children under 6 years old from two San groups, Sekele and Kwengo. Despite the fact that these children lived with their families in identical settlements on the same military base, marked intergroup differences were found, especially in patterns of social interaction. Differences were particularly marked when comparing girls. The findings are interpreted in the light of cultural history and current demography.
Simplified Method of Conjugation of Silver Nanoparticles to Type I Collagen: Morphological Evidence for a Stable Microparticle

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article Simplified Method of Conjugation of Silver Nanoparticles to Type I Collagen: Morphological Evidence for a Stable Microparticle Get access W J L'Amoreaux, W J L'Amoreaux Department of Biology, The City University of New York, College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY 10314 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Campbell, K Campbell Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Room 268 1410 Engineering Drive Madison, WI 53706-1608 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R Sardar, R Sardar Department of Chemistry, The City University of New York, College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY 10314 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B P S Chauhan B P S Chauhan Department of Chemistry, The City University of New York, College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY 10314 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 9, Issue S02, 1 August 2003, Pages 1212–1213, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927603446060 Published: 24 July 2003
The East Meets the West in Contemporary Eastern European Films

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Europe is not a unitary space, and there are still sharp distinctions between Eastern Europe and Western Europe, distinctions which are brought out in a number of contemporary Eastern European films. Images of the West, and of what it means to be a Westerner or a European, have inevitably changed over the last few decades, and in this chapter I compare images from the communist period with images that can be found in at least a small number of art house films from the early 21st century. In the films I examine, there is a blurring of boundaries between Western Europe and the West more generally. Either way, contemporary images of the West in the Eastern European films I examine are rarely positive, and rarely buy into the image of Europe promoted by the European Union.
Athlete perceptions of intra-group conflict in sport teams

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study of conflict has been of primary interest in various fields such as organisational psychology for decades (e.g. Barki & Hartwick, 2004). In sport psychology, however, conflict research has been almost nonexistent (Lavoi, 2007) with few exceptions (e.g. Holt et al., 2012; Sullivan & Feltz, 2001). The importance of understanding conflict in sport and in groups, however, has been acknowledged because it has potentially serious implications for group outcomes (Lavoi, 2007). The present study investigated competitive sport athletes’ perceptions of intra-group conflict in sport. Ten intercollegiate athletes: (N=5 males, N=5 females; M age =25.00, SD=2.87) participated in semi-structured interviews. Athletes perceived the nature of conflict to manifest itself in several ways including: (a) disagreements; (b) negative emotions; and (c) interference/antagonistic behaviors. In addition, conflict episodes were perceived to arise in task and social situations. The findings are discussed in terms of their contributions to current perspectives on intra-group conflict in sport.
Cardiovascular effects of hypocretin-1 in nucleus of the solitary tract

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Experiments were done in male Wistar rats to investigate the effects of microinjection of hypocretin-1 (Hcrt-1) into the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and the baroreflex. In the first series, the distribution of Hcrt-1-like immunoreactivity (Ir) was mapped within the region of NTS. Hcrt-1 Ir was found throughout the NTS region, predominantly within the caudal dorsolateral (Slt), medial (Sm), and interstitial subnuclei of the NTS. In the second series, in α-chloralose or urethane-anesthetized rats, microinjection of Hcrt-1 (0.5–5 pmol) into the caudal NTS elicited a dose-dependent decrease in MAP and HR. A mapping of the caudal NTS region showed that the largest depressor and bradycardia responses elicited by Hcrt-1 were from sites in the Slt and Sm. In addition, doses >2.5 pmol at a small number of sites localized to the caudal commissural nucleus of NTS elicited pressor and tachycardia responses. Intravenous administration of the muscarinic receptor blocker atropine methyl bromide abolished the bradycardia response and attenuated the depressor response, whereas subsequent administration of the nicotinic receptor blocker hexamethonium bromide abolished the remaining MAP response. Finally, microinjection of Hcrt-1 into the NTS significantly potentiated the reflex bradycardia to activation of arterial baroreceptors as a result of increasing MAP by systemic injections of phenylephrine (2–4 μg/kg). These results suggest that Hcrt-1 in the NTS activates neuronal circuits that increases vagal activity to the heart, inhibits sympathetic activity to the heart and vasculature, and alters the excitability of NTS neuronal circuits that reflexly control the circulation.
New Calculation Method for Quadrature Phase-shifting Interferometer and Its Application to Digital Holography

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new calculation method for a quadrature phase-shifting interferometer is presented and its application to digital holography is also described. Two sets of quadrature phase-shifed interferograms or holograms are acquired and the new calculation method proposed gives the phase distribution of the wavefront measured. The principle of the calculation method with computer simulations and its application to digital holography with experimental results are given.
Populating of the cusp and boundary layers by energetic (hundreds of keV) equatorial particles

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We examine the dynamics of charged particles in the frontside magnetosphere. We show that the existence of a magnetic field minimum in the outer cusp region has significant implications for the large‐scale transport of energetic (a few hundreds of keV) particles that are trapped near the equator. Upon approach (within a few Earth radii) of the magnetopause in the day side sector, these particles are subjected to a mirror force pointing away from the equator and may escape toward high latitudes. We demonstrate that via this process, energetic electrons and ions from the outer radiation belts and ring current may leak into the outer cusp and be scattered back into the nightside plasma sheet. During transport, the particle behavior critically depends upon gradient drift timescale as compared with convection timescale. We show that by diverting energetic equatorial particles toward the frontside magnetopause, dynamical reconfiguration of the magnetospheric field lines during substorms may favor such injections toward high latitudes and loading of the outer cusp. At a given energy, equatorial particles with higher charge state (i.e., larger drift timescale) reside longer in the dayside magnetosphere and are thus more susceptible to transport toward the field minimum.
Raising the Key Issues Facing Resettlement Practice in Development Induced Displacement: Evidences From Households Displaced by Railway Construction in Dukem, Ethiopia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Development projects are often resulted in massive displacement and resettlement of people. Despite the gradual improvement in resettlement practices and results, the impoverishments caused by development projects’ displacement and resettlement are still widely observed in many developing countries. This study is intended to investigate the key issues facing resettlement practices based on experiences from households displaced by railway corridor construction in Dukem area, central Ethiopia. Data were collected by using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and archival file reviews. The study has revealed that policy, legal and practical factors were constraining effective resettlement and rehabilitation of the displaced households. The study indicates that the existing Ethiopian policy and legal frameworks on resettlement and rehabilitation of displaced people in the context of development projects were not effectively implemented in the study population context. The practice of valuation, compensation and expropriation were not fair and satisfactory mainly due to lack of objective criteria of evaluation, lack of technically competent valuation experts and widespread corruption in valuation and compensation of properties. The existing policy and legal frameworks on resettlement and rehabilitation of evicted people also lacks a clear statement on the livelihood rehabilitation of displaced households. The current compensation practice is monetary-based, inadequate, delayed and the rehabilitation approach lacks special consideration for vulnerable groups. Therefore, the researcher recommends the need for devising policy, legal and institutional frameworks which have clear provisions on how to deal with the multifaceted problems of displacement, resettlement and rehabilitation. Additionally, ensuring effective reform to the structures of implementing agents of resettlement is very important.
Tramadol in the fibromyalgia syndrome: a controlled clinical trial versus placebo.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study assessed the analgesic action of tramadol compared with placebo in patients suffering from fibromyalgia syndrome. Twelve patients (11 females, one male) were treated according to a double-blind crossover experimental design. Each patient, after signing informed consent, was randomly allocated to either tramadol (100 mg ampul in 100 ml given intravenously in 15 min doses) or placebo for a single dose treatment. At the second visit, patients crossed over to the other drug for a further single dose treatment. There was a wash-out period of 1 week. Nine patients completed the study, while in three cases (two tramadol, one placebo) the study was discontinued due to the onset of side effects. The assessment of efficacy, carried out at the baseline and 15 min and 2 hours after administration of each dose, involved the use of a visual analog scale (VAS 100 mm) for spontaneous pain and pressure dolorimetry (kg/cm2) at 12 "symptomatic" tender points and nine "control" tender points for fibromyalgic pain. During the first treatment cycle effective control of spontaneous pain was achieved with tramadol, which determined a reduction of 20.6% while with the placebo spontaneous pain increased by 19.8%. With pressure dolorimetry there were no clinically important differences observed after either active treatment or placebo. The contrasting results found in the present study could be a stimulus for the organization of new projects, which may lead to the identification of an optimal therapeutic approach for fibromyalgic patients, also using tramadol for long periods.
CP asymmetries in $B$ meson two-body baryonic decays

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the CP-odd and CP-even observables of the $B$ mesons decaying into a baryon and antibaryon. We estimate these observables through the $^3P_0$ model and chiral selection rule. The decay branching ratios of $ B^+ \to p \overlineΛ$ and $ B^0 \to p \overline{p}$ are calculated to be $2.31 \times 10^{-7}$ and $1.27 \times 10^{ -8} $, which are consistent with the current experiments, respectively. The effects of the $B-\overline{B}$ oscillations are considered, which largely suppress the direct CP asymmetries in the $B_s^0$ decays. We suggest the experiments to visit $B_s^0 \to Λ(\to p π^-) \overlineΛ (\to \overline{ p} π^+) $, where the time-averaged CP-odd observables are estimated to be large. The direct CP asymmetries of $B^+ \to p \overlineΛ$ and $B^0 \to p\overline{p}$ are found to be $26.2\%$ and $-3.1\%$ for a positive strong phase and $-36.9\%$ and $4.2\%$ for a negative strong phase, respectively.
Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Event Recognition Based on Markov Transition Field and Knowledge Distillation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a distributed optical fiber sensing event recognition scheme based on Markov Transition Field (MTF) and knowledge distillation. The event recognition algorithm has the advantages of being lightweight, fast, and high accuracy. The event data are converted into images by the MTF algorithm, which keeps the event signals correlated in the time domain while highlighting the visual differences between different events. A two-stage knowledge distillation model compression method is proposed, which effectively compresses the large-scale model into a lightweight model with optimal learning capability, ensuring the lightweight and efficient recognition of events by the compressed model (student model). The experimental results show that the student model improves the recognition rate of six events by 5.2% and achieves 96.6% event recognition accuracy by the two-stage knowledge distillation method. The size of the student model is only 1.4 MB, the number of parameters is only 0.35 M, and the FLOPs are only 0.17 G. The student model recognizes a single event in 0.129s on a low configuration device, which can meet the requirements of deployment and real-time monitoring of resource-limited devices.
The loss of New Zealand's active dunes and the spread of marram grass (Ammophila arenaria)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: This article examines the decline of New Zealand's active dunes in relation to the introduction of marram grass ( Ammophila arenaria ). The area of active dunes in New Zealand declined from 129 000 ha in the early 1900s to about 39 000 ha in 2000; a reduction of 70%. The extent of active dunes has declined since the 1950s in all regions, particularly in Northland, Auckland and the Manawatu. The loss of active dunes on the west coast of the North Island resulted primarily from the introduction of marram grass, followed by the establishment of Pinus radiata plantations and extensive pastoral farming. Between 1985 and 2005 marram grass extended its range to the detriment of the indigenous foredune flora. Conservation and resource management agencies should urgently identify dune systems for conservation management and marram grass eradication.