jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of the Ionospheric Recording Stations within the H037-MoNEWIC/eMONITOR Project

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Since its establishment by the European Space Agency (ESA) in 2010 and through its second and third iterations in 2014 and 2019 when it was continued by the EU, the aim of the MONITOR project has been to achieve a better understanding of the ionospheric variability and its impacts on the performance of the GNSS signals through the design, development and deployment of a network of ionospheric stations. In this scope, the German Aerospace Center (DLR) has been involved in designing and setting up five Ionospheric Recording Stations (IRS) at low and high latitudes, namely at the Andøya Space Center at Andøya (Norway) and the Arctic University of Norway at Tromsø (Norway), and via close collaboration with Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) to host institutions at the ICTP-East African Institute for Fundamental Research in Kigali (Rwanda), at the the University Félix Houphouët-Boigny in San Pedro (Côte d'Ivoire) and the Center of Atmospheric Research in Abuja (Nigeria). The core component of each of these stations is the PolaRx5S high rate GNSS receiver from Septentrio, capable of generating 50 Hz GNSS raw data and further processing ionospheric parameters such as the amplitude and phase scintillation indices S4 and SigmaPhi. In addition, three out of the five stations will be equipped with an ECHO-R bitgrabber from Syntony. This system has been designed to record the GNSS frequencies L1 and L5 with a 10 MHz bandwidth and to be triggered based on S4 levels, thus allowing recorded data streams during scintillation events to be used as test scenarios for receivers or to be manually processed to further investigate ionospheric scintillation phenomena and mitigate their impact on the quality of GNSS signals. Furthermore, the IRS uses a set of data collectors and processors that have been developed to process the raw GNSS data into ASCII files such as RINEX and SCINTEX based on tools provided by the receiver manufacturer. For the purposes of monitoring and alerting, open source technologies have also been set up and configured to continuously monitor key system components and send automatic alerts to the IRS operators. This contribution will present the design and configuration of the IRS and its instrumentation and also describe the software components developed to ensure its operation.
A Phytochemical Screening Procedure for Sweet Ent-Kaurene Glycosides in the Genus Stevia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Altogether, 110 species of the genus Stevia, comprising both herbarium and fresh leaf samples, were screened for the presence of sweet ent-kaurene glycosides, using a combination of tlc and hplc, followed by gc/ms. Stevioside and rebaudiosides A and C were detected in a Stevia rebaudiana herbarium specimen collected in Paraguay in 1919, and stevioside was observed as a constituent of a Stevia phlebophylla herbarium specimen collected in Mexico in 1889. Steviol glycosides were not detected in any of the other 108 Stevia species studied. The phytochemical results obtained in this study are correlated with those of preliminary organoleptic tests on the sweetness of these Stevia samples, and the chemotaxonomic implications of the present findings are discussed.
'To Entertain the Fancy': The Orchestral Concert song in England, 1740-1800

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The orchestral concert song is a genre of solo song with instrumental accompaniment written or adapted for concert performance. In eighteenth-century England it formed a major part of the output of many composers, both native and foreign, with the London pleasure gardens being the principal venue of performance. However, this genre has not received much scholarly attention, and such literature as exists is largely concerned with the secular cantata, which was very much in a minority in terms of the overall output. Furthermore, this literature has focussed on the music itself, giving little attention to the surrounding issues that caused the genre to come into being, to grow and eventually to decline. This study therefore endeavours to build on existing scholarship by not only discussing the other parts of the repertoire – namely the strophic song, the rondo and the aria – but also by examining the social and cultural influences upon the concert song as a whole. This examination precedes the historical account, which is in three parts: the early years (1740-1762); the period in which J.C. Bach and Arne were the predominant composers (1762-82); finally the later years of the century (1782-1800), during which the genre declined. The concluding chapter assesses current knowledge of the concert song, with a view to further investigation and potential revival.
The nuclear phosphoinositide-p53 signalosome in the regulation of cell motility

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Dysregulation of p53 and phosphoinositide (PIPn) signaling are both key drivers of oncogenesis and metastasis. Our recent findings reveal a previously unrecognized interaction between these pathways, converging in the nucleus to form a PIPn-p53 signalosome that modulates nuclear AKT activation and downstream signaling, thereby influencing cancer cell survival and motility. This review examines recent insights into nuclear PIPn signaling in the context of established roles for p53 in cell dynamics and migration while also deliberating current research on how nuclear PIPns interact with p53 to form signalosomes that affect cell motility. We emphasize the critical role of PIPns in stabilizing p53 and activating de novo nuclear AKT signaling, which subsequently modulates key motility-related pathways. Understanding the unique operation and function of the PIPn-p53 signalosome in nuclear phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT activation offers novel therapeutic strategies for controlling cancer metastasis by targeting pertinent interactions and events.
Ramsey Theory and Sequences of Random Variables

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider probability spaces which contain a family {EA[ratio ]A⊆{1, 2, …, n}, [mid ]A[mid ]=k} of events indexed by the k-element subsets of {1, 2, …, n}. A pair (A, B) of k-element subsets of {1, 2, …, n} is called a shift pair if the largest k−1 elements of A coincide with the smallest k−1 elements of B. For a shift pair (A, B), Pr[AB¯] is the probability that event EA is true and EB is false. We investigate how large the minimum value of Pr[AB¯], taken over all shift pairs, can be. As n→∞, this value converges to a number λk, with ½−1/2k+2[les ]λk[les ] ½−1/4k+2. We show that λk is a strictly increasing function of k, with λ1=¼ and λ2=1/3.For k=1, our results have the following natural interpretation. If a fair coin is tossed repeatedly, and event Ei is true when the ith toss is heads, then for all i and j with i<j, Pr[EiĒj]=¼. Furthermore, as we show in this paper, for any ε>0, there is an n such that for any sequence E1, E2, …, En of events in an arbitrary probability space, there are indices i<j with Pr[EiĒj]<¼+ε. The results and techniques we develop in this research, together with further applications of Ramsey theory, are then used to show that the supremum of fractional dimensions of interval orders is exactly 4, answering a question of Brightwell and Scheinerman.Generalizing the ¼+ε result to random variables X1, X2, …, Xn with values in an m-element set, we obtain a finite version of de Finetti's theorem without the exchangeability hypothesis: for any fixed m, k and ε, every sufficiently long sequence of such random variables has a length-k subsequence at variation distance less than ε from an i.i.d. mix.
Macroeconomic Instabilities and Cost-Recovery Potentials of Public Sector Organisations

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The 2008 financial crisis aroused concerns over the performance of public sector organisations operating under different cost recovery regimes. These concerns were linked to potential failure in attaining cost recovery targets as a result of declining revenues during economic downturn. Using LME models on data from the World Bank website and from six Land Administration Organisations (LAOs), it is established that a global financial crisis that is associated with declining GDP and higher inflation rate can insignificantly reduce the level of cost recovery for LAOs while persistent decline in GDP growth rate significantly eliminate potentials for cost recovery. However prospects for recovery can be traced within the cost-revenue microstructures of LAOs themselves. With a significantly negative relationship between spending in information and technology as a ratio of GDP to the degree of cost recovery, LAOs need only to eliminate rigidities in their cost-revenue structure which tie them to macro-instabilities of the real estate market. Such flexibility can be attained through elastic cross-substitution in the LAO’s gross cost-revenues schedules for registration tasks in favour of information delivery tasks.
GC and GC/MS methods for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydro carbon(PAH) in sediment of the grand canal of China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A simple but efficient procedure for separation of PAHs from the sediment is presented. Individual PAHs are then analyzed by GC/MS/DS system using a temperature‐programmed retention index method. More than fifty polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are identified from the sediment samples, which are collected at South Jiangsu part of the Grand Canal, Jiangsu province, China, some of them are semi‐quantitatively determined by a multi‐inner‐standard method.
Impact of thermal oxidation parameters on micro-hardness and hot corrosion of Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Nb-2Sn-2Zr-1.5Cr alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Protective oxide layers on Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Nb-2Sn-2Zr-1.5Cr (TC21) alloy with equiaxed microstructure considerably influence micro-hardness and hot corrosion resistance. The present work's thermal oxidation of TC21 alloy was performed at 600, 700, and 800 °C for 5, 20, and 50 h durations. Hot corrosion methods in NaCl and NaCl + Na 2 SO 4 salt media were applied to raw (unoxidized) and oxidized samples at 600 and 800 °C for 50 h. Hot corrosion was conducted at 600 °C for 5 cycles with 10-h steps. The best oxide layer thickness was observed at 800 °C, which increased with increased oxidation time and temperature. The surface hardness of the oxide layer at 800 °C was 900 ± 60 HV 0.05 owing to the formation of TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 phases. Raw material hardness was 342 ± 20 HV 0.05 , increasing threefold due to thermal oxidation. In the case of NaCl, weight loss dominated all samples except at 800 °C for 5 h. In the case of NaCl + Na 2 SO 4 , weight gain occurred at 600 and 800 °C for 5 h. Weight loss occurred for the raw samples and those processed at 800 °C for 20 and 50 h, where the oxide layer flaked off. Surface hardness increased upon hot corrosion testing because of the formation of brittle phases, such as TiO 2 and Na 4 Ti 5 O 12 . Samples that oxidized at 800 °C for 5 h had the highest hardness and corrosion resistance.
Subdural hematomas in 1846 patients with shunted idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: treatment and long-term survival

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE Subdural hematoma (SDH) is the most common serious adverse event in patients with shunts. Adjustable shunts are used with increasing frequency and make it possible to noninvasively treat postoperative SDH. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and treatment preferences of SDHs, based on fixed or adjustable shunt valves, in a national cohort of patients with shunted idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), as well as to evaluate the effect of SDH and treatment on long-term survival. METHODS Patients with iNPH who received a CSF shunt in Sweden from 2004 to 2015 were included in a prospective quality registry (n = 1846) and followed regarding SDH, its treatment, and mortality. The treatment of SDH was categorized into surgery, opening pressure adjustments, or no treatment. RESULTS During the study period, the proportion of adjustable shunts increased from 75% to 95%. Ten percent (n = 184) of the patients developed an SDH. In 103 patients, treatment was solely opening pressure adjustment. Surgical treatment was used in 66 cases (36%), and 15 (8%) received no treatment. In patients with fixed shunt valves, 90% (n = 17) of SDHs were treated surgically compared with 30% (n = 49) in patients with adjustable shunts (p < 0.001). There was no difference in long-term patient survival between the SDH and non-SDH groups or between different treatments. CONCLUSIONS SDH remains a common complication after shunt surgery, but adjustable shunts reduced the need for surgical interventions. SDH and treatment did not significantly affect survival in this patient group, thus the noninvasive treatment offered by adjustable shunts considerably reduces the level of severity for this common adverse event.
Ectopic Pregnancy after Bilateral Tubal Ligation in a Woman with Asymptomatic Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This case report illustrates an incidental finding of asymptomatic Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome in a 34-year old woman undergoing laparoscopy due to a spontaneous ruptured ectopic pregnancy after bilateral tubal ligation. To our knowledge, this is the first case that reported an atypical presentation in a twofold aspect: the presence of perihepatic adhesions associated with asymptomatic pelvic inflammatory disease (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome) with a history of bilateral tubal ligation, and the spontaneous tubal ectopic pregnancy after a failed tubal ligation. This report highlights the clinical importance of conducting an attentive examination of the pelvis via surgical exploration of all abdominal cavity including perihepatic space, especially in women with suspected pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy.
Conclusion: “Vir Deo conjunctus”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Founding Father, Michael F. Lombardo provides the first critical biography of John J. Wynne, S.J. (1859-1948), founding editor of the Catholic Encyclopedia and America, and vice-postulator for the canonization causes of the Jesuit Martyrs of North America and Kateri Tekakwitha.
Psychological Principles in Education: Reviewing William James' Impact on Teaching Practices

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The well-known psychologist William James made significant contributions to educational theory that significantly affected how teachers imparted knowledge. William James was a prominent psychologist in the late 19th and early 20th century who made substantial contributions to education. Theory and practice in education have been greatly influenced by his knowledge of human consciousness, emotion, and behavior. This review of the literature aims to find out how James' psychological theories have influenced contemporary teaching methods. This review attempts to provide educators with useful guidance for enhancing student growth and learning, with an emphasis on James' theories and their relevance to modern classrooms. The significance of the study is to know about James’ psychological theories that influence modern teaching pedagogies and learning and by studying this study educators can find guidance for improving and enhancing student learning and growth. The conclusion of the study shows that modern teaching methods are highly influenced by James’ ideas like habit formation, students’ attention and engagement, and the nature of awareness moreover, implementation of James’ ideas may help teachers improve the students’ results and performance as these provide more interesting, engaging, and effective learning environments. James’ philosophies are useful for the implication of modern educational trends like active learning techniques, the creation of mindful activities, social and emotional learning, and student-centered learning.
3D Structure of Nucleon with Virtuality Distributions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We describe a new approach to transverse momentum dependence in hard processes. Our starting point is coordinate representation for matrix elements of operators (in the simplest case, bilocal O(0,z)) describing a hadron with momentum p. Treated as functions of (pz) and z2, they are parametrized through {\\it parton virtuality distribution} (PVD) ?(x,?), with x being Fourier-conjugate to (pz) and ? Laplace-conjugate to z2. For intervals with z+=0, we introduce the {\\it transverse momentum distribution} (TMD) f(x,k?), and write it in terms of PVD ?(x,?). The results of covariant calculations, written in terms of ?(x,?) are converted into expressions involving f(x,k?). We propose models for soft PVDs/TMDs,and describe how one can generate high-k? tails of TMDs from primordial soft distributions.
Consumers’ willingness to pay for organic agriculture products: a case study of Nepalgunj city, Banke

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study was carried in Nepalgunj Sub-Metropolitan City, Nepal to understand awareness of consumers’ about organic product, consumers’ willingness to pay for organic products and socio-economic factors affecting their decision of willingness to pay for consumption of organic goods. Total of 200 respondents were selected as sample population. Among total respondents, 85.5% of respondent were aware about organic products, among which only 53% respondents were well informed about organic products and their importance. Out of 200 randomly selected respondents only 114 respondents were willing to pay addition cost or price premium for organic products. Among ten socioeconomic variables listed only seven variables found to be determinant of willingness to pay premium price for organic agricultural products, which are gender, occupation, income level and education of respondents, and awareness about chemical residue absence in organic agriculture products, perception of higher nutrition on organic products and awareness about health benefit from organic products. Result showed that income level and health consciousness are two most important determining factor. So, there is a need to find a way so that more and more people can be made aware about organic agricultural products and provide organic products at reasonable price premium.
Microwave Filter Optimization Combining Aggressive Space Mapping And Cauchy Methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Theaim of this research work is to demonstrate the efficiency of combining ASM and Cauchy methods through the optimal design of a fourth order microwave bandpass coaxial filter. The filter should give when tuned optimally the specified response respecting the specified parameters namely: center frequency, bandwidth and return loss. The tuning is the translation of these specifications into the actual physical dimensions of the filter, which is not a straightforward task. In contrast given a set of the physical dimensions the response and the parameters of the filter are easily calculated using simulation and extraction. The idea then is to start with some estimated dimension values, get the filter response of the filter by simulation, and apply Cauchy extraction technique to determine the actual non optimal parameters of the filter. The differences between these parameter values and the specified ones are used as error function by ASM method to correct for the physical dimensions. After simulation and extraction, parameters values that are closer to the specified ones are obtained. This two way procedure is repeated a certain number of iterations until a satisfactory match is achieved.
Liturgical Gift or Theological Burden? Teenagers and Ecumenical Liturgical Exchange Events

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Assumptions about the preferences of teenagers in corporate worship regarding format, style, musical selections, and other experiences abound. Recognizing that teenagers are far from homogenous, we sought to listen deeply to how they process and define their experiences of worship, particularly through the lens of encountering liturgical difference. Our research team spent one week with approximately 35 highly religious, majority-Evangelical teenagers at Animate 2023 in Birmingham, Alabama—a summer camp with an emphasis in worship and the arts. Based on data from individual interviews and focus groups, this paper articulates some of our findings—namely that these highly devoted teenage worshipers demonstrate liturgical curiosity, delight in their own agency, and often desire to adopt practices that are foreign to them, even when some of those elements are deemed “weird”. The lived experiences of young people are often missing from conversations about their liturgical practices in both the Church and academy. While this study is not generalizable, it offers a micro glimpse into one worship arts camp, aiming to provide tangible data points to address this lacuna.
Fear Of Missing Out Dan Repurchase Decisions Dalam Gacha Games: Perspektif Indonesia

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The phenomenon of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) has become a significant psychological force in driving repurchase decisions in gacha games. The study reviewed the literature over the past five years that discussed how FoMO works through the creation of a sense of urgency and a concern of detachment, which ultimately influences repetitive consumption behaviors. Focusing on the context of Indonesia—one of the fastest-growing mobile game markets in the world—this study explores the demographics of local players, shopping habits, and the influence of collectivist culture on the strengthening of FoMO. This analysis includes the integration of theoretical frameworks such as self-determination theory, social comparison theory, and loss aversion, as well as new models such as the FoMO-driven spiral and the FoMO marketing appeal model. The findings show that gacha game design strategically leverages FoMO through time-limited events, exclusive items, and social influence within the player community. The study also highlights the potential negative impact of FoMO on consumer well-being as well as the need for an ethical approach in monetization strategies. Practical and theoretical implications are put forward to encourage more contextual and multidisciplinary follow-up research, especially in emerging markets such as Indonesia.