jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Airway after Mentoplasty (Genioplasty). Systematic Review

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The aim of this research was to evaluate the changes obtained with the mentoplasty technique in the increase of the airway imaging. A systemic review was performed using the parameters of the prism matrix, in the PubMed, Science Direct, Redalyc database, covering the years 1984 to 2019 with the use of defined inclusion criteria. The authors independently applied the selected parameter of data extraction, study selection and risk-to-bias assessment. A total of 1,251 articles were obtained among the 3 databases, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. The variables studied were: type of research, sample size, sex, age, dento-skeletal diagnosis, airway classification, diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), type of imaging evaluation, variables evaluated in the image, pre and post-operative values, surgical technique and type of fixation used, other surgical procedures applied, and complications. In the cases of linear evaluation with cephalometric analysis (9 articles) they used PAS (posterior airspace), MP-H (mandibular plane to the hyoid) and SNB (saddle-nasion-point B), and SCSA (section area as the most relevant points, smallest cross section) and VT (total volume) in the volumetric evaluations (2 articles). The average change in posterior airspace achieved by the cited authors is 4.2 mm with standard deviation of 1.4 mm with the use of advancement mentoplasty. The most widely used technique was mentoplasty with a horizontal osteotomy by 5 authors. Based on the research there is a positive relationship between the increase in the airway and the advancement mentoplasty procedure, however, more standardized studies associated with the way of measuring and evaluating the relationship between advancement and the airway are necessary.
IMPROVING VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL ALUMNI COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH ONLINE BUSINESS TRAINING

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the implementation of online business training carried out at SMK Cendekia Batujajar, West Bandung Regency and to increase the competence of online business alumni who have attended the training. The subjects in this study were the Bursa Kerja Khusus (BKK) of SMK Cendekia Batujajar, the training organizing committee, and the training participants. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. From the data analysis and research results, it can be concluded that the online business competence of SMK alumni increases after attending the training. The implementation of online business training at the Batujajar Cendekia Vocational School is based on the BKK analysis of the Batujajar Cendekia Vocational School on the needs of alumni to increase competitiveness in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, planned program planning according to the conditions and needs of the industrial world.
Relative equilibria of four identical satellites

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the Newtonian 5-body problem in the plane, where 4 bodies have the same mass m, which is small compared to the mass M of the remaining body. We consider the (normalized) relative equilibria in this system, and follow them to the limit when m/M -> 0. In some cases two small bodies will coalesce at the limit. We call the other equilibria the relative equilibria of four separate identical satellites. We prove rigorously that there are only three such equilibria, all already known after the numerical researches in [SaY]. Our main contribution is to prove that any equilibrium configuration possesses a symmetry, a statement indicated in [CLO2] as the missing key to proving that there is no other equilibrium.
Legal regulation of the asylum granting and ensuring of the refugees’ rights in the European Union

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the study of the legal regulation of the asylum granting and ensuring of the refugees’ rights in the European Union. Within the framework of the article, the legal basis of the Common European Asylum System functioning, the creation of which is laid down in the constituent treaties of the European Union, is investigated. In particular, it is determined that the purpose of such a common system is to establish unified standards for determining the criteria for admissibility of applications for asylum or international protection, a similar procedure for considering such applications and the grounds for refusing or suspending the status of a refugee or a person seeking temporary protection, as well as determining the state, responsible for providing asylum, uniform standards for ensuring the rights of refugees, as well as common principles of cooperation between the Member States and partner states that are not members of the Union. The key provisions of the Directive on qualification criteria, on the procedure for granting asylum and international protection, on the conditions of reception and rights of refugees, as well as the Dublin Regulation and the Eurodac Regulation were analyzed. The authors put an emphasis on the fact that because of the full-scale invasion and emergence of the war on the territory of Ukraine, significant changes were made to the process and procedures for granting refugee status and providing asylum within the framework of the legislation of the European Union. The latest Pact on Migration and Asylum was analyzed, especially regarding changes in ensuring border security, quick and effective procedures for considering and obtaining the status of a refugee or a person seeking international protection, solidarity and responsibility among countries that are obliged to provide asylum, as well as strengthening international cooperation in the field of migration. The authors express their support for those concerns regarding alleged violations that may occur after the entry into force of the Pact, in connection with the threat of violations of fundamental human rights. It was concluded that ensuring dignity and respect for human rights is a priority, considering that refugees are recognized as persons who have already suffered violations and were forced to leave their homes.
Metalinguistic Awareness and the Accuracy of Postgraduate TEFL Students’ Writing: Teacher’s Focus vs. Learners’ Focus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The sway of the pendulum in language pedagogy towards conscious learning processes marks the paramount role of metalinguistic awareness. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to compare the impact of teacher-oriented vs. learner-generated metalinguistic awareness activities on Iranian TEFL students’ writing accuracy. Sixty participants in three intact classes were randomly assigned as one control, and two experimental groups. All the participants received the same process-oriented instruction based on identical teaching materials. In the first experimental group, the teacher-focus metalinguistic awareness (TFMA) group, however, a collection of various form-focused activities, compiled by the teacher, was assigned and reviewed in the class weekly. In the learner-focused metalinguistic awareness (LFMA) group, the same assignments were assigned as supplementary self-study activities. The control group did not receive any structural assignments. The treatment perpetuated for six sessions and the analyses of the data obtained from the writing post-test revealed that both TFMA and LFMA groups outperformed the control group by producing more accurate writing and that the TF group surpassed the LF group. The findings lend credence to the significance of language awareness in EFL contexts and offer a number of pedagogical implications.
Evaluating German Transformer Language Models with Syntactic Agreement Tests

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Pre-trained transformer language models (TLMs) have recently refashioned natural language processing (NLP): Most state-of-the-art NLP models now operate on top of TLMs to benefit from contextualization and knowledge induction. To explain their success, the scientific community conducted numerous analyses. Besides other methods, syntactic agreement tests were utilized to analyse TLMs. Most of the studies were conducted for the English language, however. In this work, we analyse German TLMs. To this end, we design numerous agreement tasks, some of which consider peculiarities of the German language. Our experimental results show that state-of-the-art German TLMs generally perform well on agreement tasks, but we also identify and discuss syntactic structures that push them to their limits.
Assessment of Dermal Absorption of Aluminum from a Representative Antiperspirant Formulation Using a 26Al Microtracer Approach

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A clinical pharmacokinetic study was performed in 12 healthy women to evaluate systemic exposure to aluminum following topical application of a representative antiperspirant formulation under real‐life use conditions. A simple roll‐on formulation containing an extremely rare isotope of aluminum ( 26 Al) chlorohydrate ( ACH ) was prepared to commercial specifications. A 26 Al radio‐microtracer was used to distinguish dosed aluminum from natural background, using accelerated mass spectroscopy. The 26 Al citrate was administered intravenously (i.v.) to estimate fraction absorbed (F abs ) following topical delivery. In blood samples after i.v. administration, 26 Al was readily detected (mean area under the curve ( AUC ) = 1,273 ± 466 hours×fg/ mL ). Conversely, all blood samples following topical application were below the lower limit of quantitation ( LLOQ ; 0.12 fg/ mL ), except two samples (0.13 and 0.14 fg/ mL ); a maximal AUC was based on LLOQ s. The aluminum was above the LLOQ (61 ag/ mL ) in 31% of urine samples. From the urinary excretion data, a conservative estimated range for dermal F abs of 0.002–0.06% was calculated, with a mean estimate of 0.0094%.
Effects of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Maternal Antibodies on Experimental Infection of Piglets with PCV2

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT To determine the effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) maternal antibodies on and response to experimental PCV2 infection, 24 piglets were divided into four groups on the basis of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers of PCV2 maternal antibodies: group A ( n = 6; sample/positive [ S / P ] ratio, <0.2), group B ( n = 5; S/P ratio, >0.2 to <0.5), and groups C ( n = 8) and D ( n = 5) ( S/P ratio, >0.5). Piglets in groups A, B, and C were inoculated with PCV2 at day 0 and challenged with PCV2 at day 42. Group D piglets were not exposed to PCV2 at day 0 but were challenged at day 42. Before challenge, seroconversion to PCV2 antibodies occurred in five of six group A piglets, and the antibody level rose above the cutoff level in one of five group B piglets. Viremia was detected in five of six, four of five, and two of eight pigs in groups A, B, and C, respectively. After challenge, PCV2 DNA was detectable from 7 to 21 days postchallenge in the sera from six of six, four of five, three of eight, and five of five pigs in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. The results indicated that protection against PCV2 infection conferred by maternal antibodies is titer dependent: higher titers are generally protective, but low titers are not.
Changes in healthcare utilization after mass trauma: A register-based study of young survivors’ utilization of primary care and mental health services before and after the Utøya attack in Norway

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Using register-based data, this study had a unique possibility to investigate how young survivors’ use of primary care and mental health services (MHS) changed after a terrorist attack. Methods We analyzed data on consultations with primary care physicians (PCP) and MHS among 255 survivors (48% female) of the 2011 Utøya youth camp attack in Norway three years before and after the attack, and their reason for encounter with the PCP according to the International Classification for Primary Care (ICPC-2). Results The majority of survivors consulted PCP both before and after the attack, with a marked increase in psychological reasons for encounter after the attack. Few consulted MHS before the attack, while most survivors did after the attack. In total, 93% of female survivors and 88% of male survivors consulted PCP in the three years before the attack, compared to respectively 98% and 96% in the three years after the attack. Moreover, 17% of female survivors and 11% of male survivors consulted MHS in the 3 years before the attack, compared to respectively 80% and 65% in the 3 years after the attack. From the year before to the year after the attack, the mean yearly consultation rates (CR) increased two-fold for PCP and nearly 8-fold for MHS in female survivors, and more than two-fold for PCP and nearly 12-fold for MHS in male survivors. Both before and after the attack, the consultations rates for PCP and MHS were higher for female than male survivors. The levels of posttraumatic stress, depression and anxiety symptoms and somatic symptoms were also higher in female survivors both early and at long-term after the attack. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that both PCP and MHS played important roles in providing healthcare for psychological problems in young survivors of terrorism in Norway. Potential implications for public health preparedness to mass trauma will be discussed in the presentation.
Effects of Repeated Administration of Rauwolfia Serpentina on Stress-Induced Anorexia and Leptin Levels: Relationship With Adaptation to Stress

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Stress is a major contributor to various health issues, including depression, anorexia nervosa, diabetes, and obesity. Rauwolfia serpentina, a traditional medicinal plant, has shown potential in alleviating stress-induced effects due to its influence on serotonin neurotransmission and its anxiolytic properties. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of repeated administration of Rauwolfia serpentina on stress-induced anorexia and leptin levels, and its relationship with adaptation to stress in rats. Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups: DMSO unstressed, DMSO stressed, Rauwolfia serpentina unstressed, and Rauwolfia serpentina stressed. The stressed groups were subjected to two hours of immobilization daily for five days, followed by oral administration of Rauwolfia serpentina at 10 mg/kg. Behavioral assessments included the open field and light-dark transition tests. Body weight, food intake, and plasma levels of glucose, leptin, and corticosterone were measured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with post-hoc Newman-Keuls test, and significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Rauwolfia serpentina significantly improved body weight maintenance (98.9 ± 1.3% vs. 99.5 ± 1.7%) and increased food intake (16.3 ± 0.6 g vs. 16.5 ± 0.5 g) in stressed rats. It also reduced anxiety-like behaviors and lowered corticosterone levels (15.9 ± 1.6 ng/mL vs. 18.4 ± 1.7 ng/mL) in stressed groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Rauwolfia serpentina effectively alleviates stress-induced anorexigenic and anxiogenic effects, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for managing stress-related disorders.
Production of healthier palm‐based edible oil blends and enzymatic interesterified structured lipids for cooking and trans‐free fat formulation applications

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Present study aimed to prepare palm‐based blends with edible oils to obtain healthier smart blends with a desired fatty acid profile of SAFA:MUFA:PUFA ratios as established by international health authorities for potential use in cooking and trans ‐free fat formulation applications. Several blends of palm olein (POo), super olein (SOo) and palm stearin (PS) with sunflower (SFO), soybean (SBO), rice bran (RBO), mustard (MO), olive (OO) and sesame (SMO) oils were prepared in different mass (wt/wt) ratios. Among the prepared blends, the 6:4 POo:SFO, 1:1/6:4 POo:SBO, 6:4 SOo:SBO and 4:6 PS:RBO/SMO blends; 2:8 POo:RBO, 6:4 SOo:SFO blends and 1:1/6:4 POo:SMO, 1:1/6:4 POo:RBO, 6:4 SOo:SMO blends were found to have the balanced fatty acid profiles closer to AHA/JMHW/WHO recommended SFA:MUFA:PUFA ratios of 1:1:1/1:1.5:1/1:1.5:0.7, respectively. In addition, the 1:1/6:4 POo:SBO and 6:4 SOo:SBO blends also fulfilled the required ω‐6/ω‐3 ratios of 9.5 and 10.5 along with balanced fatty acid profile of 1:1:1 as per the nutritional guidelines. The 6:4 POo/SOo with SFO/SBO, 1:1 SOo:SMO and 4:6 PS:RBO/SMO smart blends were further processed for enzymatic interesterification (EIE) employing Lipozyme TLIM packed in a specially designed basket type stirrer (BTS) equipped in a bioreactor at 70°C with agitation speed of 390 rpm for 9 h to obtain trans ‐free interesterified (IE) structured lipids (SLs) with desired physicochemical properties. This BTS technology helped to sustain the structure and morphology of the enzyme intact, and enable to process about 9 kg of the edible oil blends for IE with excellent recyclability and stability for 81 active hours.
Non-Bridging External Fixation in Distal Radius Fractures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fractures of the distal radius are extremely common but treatment remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomical and functional outcomes of unstable radial fractures managed with a non-bridging external fixator. Thirty-four patients were entered into the study although 7 were lost to follow-up. The criteria used to assess the outcome were range of wrist motion, radiological measurement and grip strength. Results showed that at 6 months postoperatively there was good restitution of the dorsal tilt which an average of 0.5° and with 1 mm of radial shortening. The range of wrist flexion at one year was diminished by 10 % and extension by 12 %, supination by 5 % but pronation was preserved. We conclude that non-bridging external fixation can be considered as an easy technique with good control of the reduction and early wrist motion with very few complications.
Conclusion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Can finite humans grasp universal truth? Is it possible to think beyond the limits of reason? Are we doomed to failure because of our finitude? In this clear and accessible book, Barnabas Aspray presents Ricœur’s response to these perennial philosophical questions through an analysis of human finitude at the intersection of philosophy and theology. Using unpublished and previously untranslated archival sources, he shows how Ricœur’s groundbreaking concept of symbols leads to a view of creation, not as a theological doctrine, but as a mystery beyond the limits of thought that gives rise to philosophical insight. If finitude is created, then it can be distinguished from both the Creator and evil, leading to a view of human existence that, instead of the ‘anguish of no’, proclaims the ‘joy of yes’.
[Part I. Form and Meaning, Types of transitivity, intransitive objects, and untransitivity – and the logic of their structural designs]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This discussion is on diathetic derivative relations between verbs and their distribution between the syntactic component and the lexicon. We investigate whether or not the lexicon of verbs can be based on derivative relations such that there is only one basic type of verb – let us assume, transitive verbs –, which lie at the base of all other verbs. The conclusion will be that, on the basis of a few cross-linguistic patterns, such a division of work can indeed be achieved. The main criterion to motivate essential differences is aspect (or Aktionsart as applied on German, which is not an aspect language in the Slavic sense) in terms of perfectivity vs. imperfectivity.
SHEARING BEHAVIOR OF STRUCTURAL INSULATED PANEL WALL SHELLED WITH BAMBOO SCRIMBER

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, shearing behavior of a structural insulated panel (SIP) wall, which consisted of a Styrofoam core board, shell panel of bamboo scrimber, and frame of Spruce–Pine–Fir dimension lumber, was tested under monotonic and cyclic loads. Results showed that the SIP wall failed at similar positions under two loading modes, although more serious destruction occurred under cyclic than monotonic load. There was a linear relationship between load and displacement at the initial loading stage, which indicated that the wall worked under the elastic state. At a later loading stage, bearing capacity and rigidity decreased as a result of wall slip. Shearing strength under monotonic and cyclic loads was 20.0 and 15.8 kNm-1, respectively, which met the requirement of the standard code for design of timber structures. Energy consumption of the SIP wall covered with bamboo scrimber was 11,556.6 Jm-1.
An exceptional assemblage of Maccoya sphaerica (Echinoidea) from the Mississippian of Hook Head, Co. Wexford, Ireland

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: Echinoids are seldom prominent or conspicuous elements of Paleozoic marine communities. This could be a taphonomic artefact due to their flexible tests deflating and rapidly disarticulating after death—a fact that has undeniably hampered greater understanding of the group. Here, an extremely well-preserved cluster of echinoids is described from Tournaisian marine strata at Hook Head in southeast Ireland. All were collected in close proximity to each other and from essentially the same horizon towards the top of the Hook Head Formation, and all can be assigned to Maccoya sphaerica (M'Coy, 1844) based on their interambulacral plating. Preservation of features on some specimens is so exceptional that they reveal hitherto unknown details about the peristome and adoral plating in the broader palaechinid group. The sedimentological setting of the fossil-bearing site at Hook Head is in deep water and well below wave base towards the distal end of a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate ramp. Conditions on the seafloor appear to have been very calm and quiet, with minimal post-mortem disturbance of the echinoids promoting their excellent preservation. It remains unclear why these specimens of M. sphaerica congregated in this particular location on the seafloor, or what ultimately led to their sudden demise.
Online psychotherapy during COVID-19 pandemic - experiences of psychotherapists. Research review.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In 2019, mass infections caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and the disease caused by it became the reason for global social, economic and health crises. This situation required changes, also in the field of psychotherapeutic practice and the implementation of new solutions. One of the possibilities of continuing services provision was to start the Internet usage Aim: The purpose of this paper is to review the latest research related to the experiences of psychotherapists working online during the pandemic. An additional goal is to present the broadest possible analysis of the literature based on research conducted in various countries around the world. Materials: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and PsycNet were searched for a review. From among the search results that met the general criteria, those related to psychotherapeutic practice in the given countries were selected. Conclusions: Online psychotherapy has become a significant component of psychotherapeutic practice during a pandemic. Earlier expectations and concerns could be verified. The presented results of selected studies create a picture of the functioning of psychotherapists in many countries and constitute the basis for future research and forecasts for the development of psychotherapy after the pandemic.