jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Characterization of Curaua Fiber/Babool Wood ParticleReinforced Polyester Hybrid Composite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Background: The researchers are in the situation to satisfy the demand for engineering materials by developing novel eco-friendly materials. The natural fiber composites are the substitutes for the synthetic material. Introduction: The mechanical properties of curaua fiber-reinforced polyester (CFRP) composites were investigated, as well as the effects of curaua fibre infusion with Babool Wood particles (BWP). Methods: The composite specimens were fabricated using a hand lay-up approach using varying amounts of curaua fibres (CF) and babool wood particles in a 1:1 ratio in order to test the tensile strength and flexural strength. Results: The results demonstrated that before weakening, the tensile strength and flexural strength of the composite samples rose by up to 40% for hybrid reinforcements. Comparing samples made of pure resin to those made of the composite at 40 weight percent (CF20/BWP20), the tensile and bending strengths of the composite are improved by 93.42% and 86.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The tensile and flexural modulus values of the hybrid composites increased by up to 50% fiber, but less successfully (CF25 and BWP25). The fracture mechanism of the shattered composite samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy.
Overlay Cognitive Radio Networks Enabled Energy Harvesting With Random AF Relays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate an overlay cognitive radio network (CRN) in which one user is selected among multiple secondary users (SUs) to harvest energy from primary transmissions using a time-switching protocol. Based on a power allocation scheme, the selected user utilizes a portion of the harvested energy to assist the primary user (PU) in forwarding its messages to a primary receiver, while the remaining portion is used to transmit its own information in exchange for this cooperation. Specifically, we evaluate the reliability of both the primary and secondary networks in terms of the outage probability. Moreover, both the time switching and power allocation factors that maximize the users’ data rate are optimized.
The Effects of Input Type and Pronunciation Dictionary Usage in Transfer Learning for Low-Resource Text-to-Speech

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We compare phone labels and articulatory features as input for cross-lingual transfer learning in text-to-speech (TTS) for low-resource languages (LRLs). Experiments with FastSpeech 2 and the LRL West Frisian show that using articulatory features outperformed using phone labels in both intelligibility and naturalness. For LRLs without pronunciation dictionaries, we propose two novel approaches: a) using a massively multilingual model to convert grapheme-to-phone (G2P) in both training and synthesizing, and b) using a universal phone recognizer to create a makeshift dictionary. Results show that the G2P approach performs largely on par with using a ground-truth dictionary and the phone recognition approach, while performing generally worse, remains a viable option for LRLs less suitable for the G2P approach. Within each approach, using articulatory features as input outperforms using phone labels.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Classification with Interpretability in Children Based on Structural MRI Features Extracted Using Contrastive Variational Autoencoder

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a highly disabling mental disease that brings significant impairments of social interaction ability to the patients, making early screening and intervention of ASD critical. With the development of the machine learning and neuroimaging technology, extensive research has been conducted on machine classification of ASD based on structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (s-MRI). However, most studies involve with datasets where participants’ age are above 5 and lack interpretability. In this paper, we propose a machine learning method for ASD classification in children with age range from 0.92 to 4.83 years, based on s-MRI features extracted using Contrastive Variational AutoEncoder (CVAE). 78 s-MRIs, collected from Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, are used for training CVAE, which consists of both ASD-specific feature channel and common-shared feature channel. The ASD participants represented by ASD-specific features can be easily discriminated from Typical Control (TC) participants represented by the common-shared features. In case of degraded predictive accuracy when data size is extremely small, a transfer learning strategy is proposed here as a potential solution. Finally, we conduct neuroanatomical interpretation based on the correlation between s-MRI features extracted from CVAE and surface area of different cortical regions, which discloses potential biomarkers that could help target treatments of ASD in the future.
EU framework programmes: positive and negative effects on member states' innovation performance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Research background: Seeking to ensure competitiveness in the global market, the EU is constantly improving its innovation policy. Compared to other EU initiatives, the Framework Programs for Research and Innovation (FPs) act as the main instrument with the longest history and the largest budget to boost member states' innovation performance. Despite the initial presumptions that these financial inflows should bring positive and constructive effects, the results significantly diverge across the countries with highly uneven and incoherent progress. Therefore, complex and reliable tools must be adopted to evaluate the long-term influence of EU investment and the reasons which distort the innovation performance in separate member states. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the influence of EU investment on its member states? innovation performance by using a redeveloped national innovative capacity framework and including technological, non-technological and commercial innovative output. Methods: Panel unit root tests were used to assess the time series stationarity. Autoregressive distributed lag models helped in calculating the long-term influence of EU investment on member states? innovation performance. Finally, by employing dummies, it was analysed how this influence varied over time and across different countries. Findings & value added: The findings provide evidence that EU investment exerts positive long-term influence on the technological innovative output proxied as total, business and higher education institutions? patent applications, as well as product and process innovations. The effects were also positive on trademarks and marketing, and organisational innovations. However, small but negative influence was found in the case of patent applications by the government sector and the exports of hi-tech products and knowledge-intensive services. These insights may serve in the designing process of the specific instruments and the future innovation policies, which would bring the maximum benefit for the society and economy.
Efficient testing of ITER materials and components at the Research Institute of Atomic Reactors' experimental facilities

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Research Institute of Atomic Reactors (RIAR) of the State Scientific Centre of the Russian Federation has carried out reactor tests of fusion reactor materials and components. RIAR contains an ideal complex of installations, experimental setups, and diagnostics for such investigations. It includes several different types of reactors, including a fast neutron reactor, a high-flux intermediate-neutron SM-3 reactor, an intermediate-neutron loop reactor, and two RBT-type reactors, and a "hot cells" complex with remote handling facilities to allow study of the physical-mechanical properties, structure, and elemental composition of irradiated materials. RIAR has carried out a number of initial experiments, including testing of copper and vanadium alloys, electro-insulative coatings, steels, ceramics, diagnostic systems materials, and in-core and hot cell set-ups for divertor mock-up testing, and has collaborative efforts underway with the Scientific Research Institute Electrophysical Apparatus-St. Petersburg (SRIEA), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), "Red Star", the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE), the Scientific Research Institute of Inorganic Materials (SRIIM), and Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL).
GENERALIZED PASCAL’S PYRAMIDS AND COMBINATORIAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL PROBLEMS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The work studies combinatorial objects of pyramidal structure. It proposes fundamental relations for generalizations of Pascal’s triangle and pyramid. It considers problems of finding new ways of constructing information relevance indices and offers a way of constructing such an index with the help of Pascal’s generalized pyramids. Using structures of a type of Pascal’s generalized pyramids with weight factors allow construction of an index that reflects a degree of relevance of keywords, as well as makes it possible to allocate subsets of keywords with specific properties. The offered methods of the combinatorial analysis of hierarchical structures in information retrieval problems can be used in creating and analyzing knowledge databases.
ELIMINIT: Combating Nitrite in Edible Bird Nest

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Swiftlet farming industry is a very profitable investment for those that are successful. The demand for edible bird’s nest from China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, India and the Middle Eastern countries is increasing. Swiftlet industry in Malaysia is facing difficult time since August 2011 because Chinese government has banned on edible bird’s nest and its products from Malaysia. This is due to high level of nitrite (NO2) spotted in edible bird’s nest (AQSIQ, 2011). As the consequences, the edible bird’s nest and swiftlet ranching industry in Malaysia has been hit hard. So, to meet the standard of Chinese government, an investigation is proposed by using indigenous microorganisms (IMO) technology for nitrite elimination in edible bird’s nest of swiftlet.
AN EPIDEMIC OF MILD FEVER OF UNKNOWN NATURE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since June 6, 1923, sixteen patients admitted to the Presbyterian Hospital, New York, have presented symptoms and courses so similar to one another, and yet not corresponding to any picture found by us in the literature, that we have come to regard them as representing a new and distinct clinical entity. For the purpose of calling attention to the condition and learning, if possible, the opinion of others who may have seen similar cases, we are reporting in brief our experience. The characteristic features of the malady as we have seen it, are: (1) occurrence in the young; (2) sudden onset; (3) pain referred to the chest or upper abdomen; (4) a rather high fever with few other general constitutional symptoms; (5) a disappearance of the pain and fever within twenty-four hours, with frequent recurrence on the third or fourth day after the onset; (6) a speedy and uncomplicated recovery.
EAC – an Answer for Regional Problems or Failed Solutions in East Africa?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the definitions states that regionalism means a common policy or project aimed at increasing informal links and economic, political and social transactions which strengthen integration processes, intensify intergovernmental cooperation and create regional identity among the community. According to the above, it was assumed that firstly, states in a group are stronger and more effective and secondly, that regionalism and regionalization may be regarded as a way to solve some regional problems and to contribute to the development of individual states. This narrative became especially attractive for underdeveloped and dysfunctional regions as it offered an opportunity for changes. As a result, a quantitative increase in regional initiatives started. The article is dedicated to the integration processes in the East Africa region. The main aim of the paper is to examine the situation in East Africa, regarding the role that the East African Community has played in this area. Moreover, an attempt has been made to analyze the integration model adopted by the organization and find out if the EAC is able to solve the main regional problems or rather to propose a failed solution and maintain dysfunctional patterns in the organization.
Pathways of internalization of the hCG/LH receptor: immunoelectron microscopic studies in Leydig cells and transfected L-cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Monoclonal anti-receptor antibodies were used to study the cellular traffic of the hCG/LH receptor by immunoelectron microscopy. The LHR38 antibody was shown to bind to the extracellular domain of the receptor but not to interfere with hormone binding, adenylate cyclase activation or with the rate of internalization of the receptor. Pig Leydig cells and a permanent L-cell line expressing the LH receptor were used for the study. Incubation with LHR38-gold complexes showed the LH receptors to be randomly distributed over the cell surface including the clathrin coated pits. The LH receptors were internalized via a route including coated pits, coated vesicles and multivesicular bodies to lysosomes. This route is different from that observed for beta-adrenergic, muscarinic, and yeast mating factor receptors and considered previously as possibly general for G-protein-coupled receptors. The use of [125I]LHR38 allowed precise measurement of the rate of internalization, showing the existence of a constitutive pathway which was increased 11-fold by hormone administration. Double labeling experiments suggested that the hormone (hCG-Au15nm) and the receptor (labeled with LHR38-Au5nm) have similar routes of endocytosis, both of them being degraded in lysosomes. Studies of the reappearance of LHR38-Au5nm on the surface of the cells and the use of monensin indicated that only a very small proportion of the receptor molecules were recycled to the cell surface. The distribution and the intracellular pathways of LH receptors are very similar in Leydig cells and transfected L-cells. This opens the possibility of using the latter to study, by in vitro mutagenesis, the molecular mechanisms involved in the cellular traffic of LH receptors.
The Transcriptional Status but Not the Imprinting Control Region Determines Allele-Specific Histone Modifications at the Imprinted H19 Locus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genomic imprinting governs allele-specific gene expression in an epigenetically heritable manner. The characterization of histone modifications at imprinted gene loci is incomplete, and whether specific histone marks determine transcription or are dependent on it is not understood. Using chromatin immunoprecipitations, we examined in multiple cell types and in an allele-specific manner the active and repressive histone marks of several imprinted loci, including H19, KvDMR1, Snrpn promoter/exon 1, and IG-DMR imprinting control regions. Expressed alleles are enriched for specific actively modified histones, including H3 di- and trimethylated at Lys4 and acetylated histones H3 and H4, while their silent counterparts are associated with repressive marks such as H3 trimethylated at Lys9 alone or in combination with H3 trimethylated at Lys27 and H4/H2A symmetrically dimethylated at Arg3. At H19, allele-specific histone modifications occur throughout the entire locus, including nontranscribed regions such as the differentially methylated domain (DMD) as well as sequences in the H19 gene body that are not differentially methylated. Significantly, the presence of active marks at H19 depends on transcriptional activity and occurs even in the absence of the DMD. These findings suggest that histone modifications are dependent on the transcriptional status of imprinted alleles and illuminate epigenetic mechanisms of genomic imprinting.
Water-Striders of the American Genus Trochopus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In April 1898 the veliid genus Trochopus Carpenter was erected to hold a new halophilous water-strider from Jamaica, described as marinus. The specimens were netted in numbers on standing salt waters beneath mangrove trees in swamps near the head of Kingston Harbour. In August of the same year CHAMPION described the second member of the genus, Trochopus salinus, collected in the mangrove swamps of the Pearl Islands, Gulf of Panama. Subsequently, KIRKALDY (1900) wrongly considered the genus Trochopus to be a synonym of Rhagovelia Mayr (1865), but correctly treated the trivial name marinus as a synonym of Rhagovelia plumbea Uhler. This generic synonymy was largely accepted until CHINA & USINGER (1949) took Trochopus out of synonymy and restored it to its original status. As the trivial synonymy is correct, this makes the genotype Trochopus plumbeus (Uhler) (= marinus Carpenter). Recently BACON (1956) and also MATSUDA (1956) followed KIRKALDY and wrongly repudiated Trochopus as a synonym of the older genus Rhagovelia, including the transfer of plumbeus and salinus back into the latter genus. \nIn the present paper, the authors are in full concurrence with the classification of CHAMPION and of CHINA & USINGER, in which Trochopus is restored to its original status. As here systematized, Trochopus comprises T. plumbeus, T. salinus, and the new species described below from Surinam.
Communication Between College Counselors and Academic Faculty When Supervising Graduate Student Trainees

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

College counseling centers play an important role in the training and supervision of counselor trainees. This article addresses the importance of communication between college counselors and academic counseling program faculty when college counselors supervise graduate students from academic counseling programs. As the authors discuss, effective communication contributes to positive and productive training experiences for graduate student trainees. Suggestions are offered for successful communication between counseling center staff and program faculty.
Growth of large-area thin-film single crystals of poly(diacetylenes)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleGrowth of large-area thin-film single crystals of poly(diacetylenes)M. Thakur and S. MeylerCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 11, 2341–2344Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00153a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00153a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views273Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of sex and carcass weight on carcass traits and meat quality in goat kids of Cabrito Transmontano

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This work aims to study sex and carcass weight effect on carcass and meat quality characteristics of a protected designation of origin (PDO) product, cabrito Transmontano. A total of 60 animals with carcass weight ranging between 4 and 8 kg were used. Carcass conformation, commercial joints, tissues measurements and proportions, carcass pH, meat colour and meat texture were evaluated. Sex had a significant effect on carcass composition and males had higher bone and less intermuscular fat and kidney knob and channel fat proportion than females. Males showed better carcass compactness as a result of a higher hot carcass weight (HCW)/carcass length (K) ratio. Carcass weight significantly affected carcass joint proportion. As the carcass weight increased there was an increase in carcass linear measurements, carcass compactness, chump and breast proportions, fat depots and tissues measurements and a decrease in leg, shoulder, fore ribs and bone proportion. Increasing carcass weight meat became less luminous with more vivid red colour as a result of a progressive brightness reduction and a redness increment. Consequently hue and chroma parameters went through a significant increase and decrease, respectively. A significant effect of carcass weight was found in longissimus dorsi muscle measurements, and muscle area increased as well the subcutaneous fat thickness. Carcass weight also had a significant effect on meat texture measured by Warner-Bratzler shear force, which reduced its value as carcass weight increased. The meat quality parameters studied could be a tool to identify and characterize a product with PDO as cabrito Transmonstano.
Curvature estimates for submanifolds with prescribed Gauss image and mean curvature

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study that the $n-$graphs defining by smooth map $f:\Om\subset \ir{n}\to \ir{m}, m\ge 2,$ in $\ir{m+n}$ of the prescribed mean curvature and the Gauss image. We derive the interior curvature estimates $$\sup_{D_R(x)}|B|^2\le\f{C}{R^2}$$ under the dimension limitations and the Gauss image restrictions. If there is no dimension limitation we obtain $$\sup_{D_R(x)}|B|^2\le C R^{-a}\sup_{D_{2R}(x)}(2-\De_f)^{-(\f{3}{2}+\f{1}{s})}, \qquad s=\min(m, n)$$ with $a<1$ under the condition $$\De_f=[\text{det}(\de_{ij}+\sum_\a\pd{f^\a}{x^i}\pd{f^\a}{x^j})]^{\f{1}{2}}<2.$$ If the image under the Gauss map is contained in a geodesic ball of the radius $\f{\sqrt{2}}{4}π$ in $\grs{n}{m}$ we also derive corresponding estimates.
[Photo-dependent conversions of cytochrome f in bean chloroplasts and leaves treated with polyene antibiotics].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The photo-dependent absorption changes of cytochrome f in bean chloroplasts and native leaves treated with the polyene antibiotics surgumycin and filipin were studied. Upon incubation of the chloroplasts or leaves with the antibiotics the value of the photo-induced signal of cytochrome f decreased considerably; however, the kinetics of the cytochrome oxidation under the effect of the exciting light and dark reduction remained unchanged. An addition of plastocyanin to the suspension of the antibiotic-treated chloroplasts, which contained no artificial donors and acceptors, only slightly increased the absolute value of the photo-induced signal of cytochrome f. An addition of plastocyanin to the chloroplasts containing the dichlorophenolindophenol-ascorbate-methylviologen system, sharply changed the kinetics of the cytochrome f photoconversions. A simultaneous registration of the photo-induced signal of cytochrome f and the photochemical activity of photosystem I of the antibiotic-treated chloroplasts revealed differences in the degree of inhibition of the photosystem I activity and decrease of the absolute value of the cytochrome f signal. The data obtained are discussed in terms of possible alternative pathways of electron transfer in the part of the electron transporting chain under study.