jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
179 A Comparison of Local Anesthetic Effectiveness in Reducing Pain Associated with Dehorning in Dairy Calves

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Dehorning is performed on a high percentage of dairies in the United States. Concern for animal welfare has led to investigating pain mitigation during dehorning. The objective was to compare the effectiveness of bupivacaine liposome suspension, lidocaine, or lidocaine + meloxicam administered at dehorning. Fifty male Holstein calves, 10–14 weeks of age were enrolled and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups: 1) bupivacaine liposome suspension block, oral placebo, cautery dehorn (BUP); 2) lidocaine block, oral placebo, cautery dehorn (LID); 3) lidocaine block, oral meloxicam, cautery dehorn (LID + MEL); 4) saline block, oral placebo, cautery dehorn (CON); and 5) saline block, oral placebo, sham dehorn (SHAM). Biomarkers were collected from 0 to 120 hours post-dehorning and included infrared thermography (IRT), mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT), and pressure mat gait analysis. Biomarkers were statistically analyzed using repeat measures with the calf being the repeated measure. There were no significant treatment differences for IRT measures. A treatment effect was observed for the mean difference of the right horn bud minus a control point which were -1.21 kgF, -1.41 kgF, -1.56 kgF, -1.65 kgF, and -1.68 kgF for the SHAM, CON, BUP, LID + MEL, and LID groups, respectively (P = 0.004). The BUP group did not differ from CON (P = 0.78) or SHAM (P = 0.07). A treatment effect was observed for gait distance means which were 182.05 cm, 189.69 cm, 195.77 cm, 199.54 cm, and 200.59 cm for the SHAM, BUP, LID + MEL, LID and CON groups, respectively (P = 0.04). The CON group did not differ from BUP, LID, or LID + MEL (P &gt; 0.05) but did differ from SHAM (P = 0.02). These data show that administration of bupivacaine liposome suspension at the time of dehorning was not different than lidocaine or lidocaine + meloxicam.
Distribution of .BETA.-lactam and .BETA.-lactone producing bacteria in nature.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Over one million bacteria were isolated from a large variety of soil, plant and water samples collected from different environments and examined in an extremely sensitive and highly specific screen for beta-lactam production. A group of seven related monocyclic beta-lactams (monobactams) were isolated from strains representing four genera-Agrobacterium, Chromobacterium, Gluconobacter and Pseudomonas. Monobactam-producing strains of Agrobacterium and Pseudomonas were isolated only rarely. Producing strains of Chromobacterium were isolated from a relatively limited number of habitats while the Gluconobacter strains appeared to be widespread in nature. In addition, three closely related beta-lactone-containing molecules were isolated from strains representing three genera-Arthrobacter, Bacillus and Pseudomonas. The Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains were isolated infrequently but from a variety of samples. The producing strain of Arthrobacter was isolated only once.
LHD ICHPXI #108032.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating system to launch fast waves (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) waves) to heat plasma particles by wave-particle interaction. Raw data are forward and reflected power and voltage of transmission lines, 3.5 U/L and 4.5 U/L.
Policy Narratives in the U.S. Voting Rights Debate

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the role of policy narratives in the U.S. voting rights debate. Despite significant scholarship on voting rights and policy narratives in other fields, policy scholars have not specifically analyzed the role of policy narratives in this debate. This research employs the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) to investigate whether the debate utilizes policy narratives as defined by the NPF and to assess differences in such usage between Democrats and Republicans, the two primary advocacy coalitions. Analyzing 406 news articles from 2006 to 2023, the study finds substantial use of policy narratives and notable partisan differences in employing certain NPF components. These findings underscore the critical role of policy narratives in the voting rights arena and demonstrate the NPF's value in providing a nuanced understanding of the debate.
Study on the variation rules of material basis of Rhubarb after processing

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To reveal the variation rules of Rhubarb after processing,according to comparison of chemical constituents and biological activities in three commonly used pieces from Rhubarb.Methods: we conducted a systematic chemical study on Rheum palmatum L.by organic solvent extraction and chromatographic separation.The HPLC fingerprint and the content of main constituents were used to qualitative and quantitative evaluation respectively.At the same time,a new simulation processing method were used to verify the variation of Rhubarb before and after processing which was taking the blank pieces as the carrier and filled in different chemical constituents.Results: There were thirty-four compounds identified from Rheum palmatum L.including four new compounds.The HPLC fingerprint in two detection wavelengths and the contents of 17 main chemical components among five pieces indicated that the changes were significantly in the braising with liquor and the charring pieces compare with the crude pieces.The content of anthraquinone glycosides were reduced by 55% and 95%,while the total anthraquinone aglycones increased by 75% and 46% in the braising with liquor and the charring pieces.In addition,the content of gallic acid was sharply increased about 2.4 times in the braising pieces.Diarrhea and antipyretic pharmacological experiments showed that the crude pieces have the strongest purgative and febrifuge effect;on the contrary,the braised and the charred pieces had no diarrhea effect.Conclusion: The bitter and cold property of Rhubarb is gradually decreased from crude pieces,braising with liquor to charring pieces by the chemical and biological analysis.Meanwhile,the diarrhea intensity which based on the modern pharmacodynamic study is gradually reduced by the same order.The change rules are closely related to the decrease in compound tanning,anthraquinone glucoside,butyrophenone glucoside and the increase in gallic acid,anthraquinone compounds.It has revealed relevance between the property change and the chemical composition changes.
Bioactivity of Garlic-Straw Extracts Against the Spider Mites,Tetranychus urticaeandT. viennensis1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), and the hawthorn spider mite, T. viennensis Zacher, are two of the most important pest mites of apple trees (Rosaceae) in China. Because garlic straw, Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae), is normally dumped on farmland, it potentially represents a cheap and readily available resource for pest management. The contact toxicity and repellent effects of garlic-straw extracts (20, 10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 g/L) were tested against female adults of T. urticae and T. viennensis in the laboratory. The 20 g/L concentration caused 76.5% and 54.9% mortality 48 h after treatment on T. urticae and T. viennensis, respectively. The toxicity regression equations for garlic-straw extract on T. urticae and T. viennensis 48 h after treatment were y = 1.3 x 3.9 and y = 0.8 x 4.1, and the LC50 values were 7.2 g/L and 13.8 g/L, respectively. Repellency of T. urticae was 95.6% and 65.2% after 24 h at extract concentrations of 10 g/L and 20 g/L, respectively. The other concentrations of the garlic-straw extract had no significant repellent effects. However, each concentration of the garlic-straw extract had significant repellent effects on T. viennensis, and the repellent rates were higher than 90% for each concentration. Garlic straw or extracts from it may have potential uses for the sustainable management of T. urticae and T. viennensis.
A CIRCULATION-FIRST APPROACH FOR RESUSCITATION OF TRAUMA PATIENTS WITH HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The original guidelines of cardiopulmonary resuscitation focused on the establishment of an airway and rescue breathing before restoration of circulation through cardiopulmonary resuscitation. As a result, the airway-breathing-circulation approach became the central guiding principle of resuscitation. Despite new guidelines by the American Heart Association for a circulation-first approach, Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines continue to advocate for the airway-breathing-circulation sequence. Although definitive airway management is often necessary for severely injured patients, endotracheal intubation (ETI) before resuscitation in patients with hemorrhagic shock may worsen hypotension and precipitate cardiac arrest. In severely injured patients, a paradigm shift should be considered, which prioritizes restoration of circulation before ETI and positive pressure ventilation while maintaining a focus on basic airway assessment and noninvasive airway interventions. For this patient population, the most reasonable current strategy may be to target a simultaneous resuscitation approach, with immediate efforts to control hemorrhage and provide basic airway interventions while prioritizing volume resuscitation with blood products and deferring ETI until adequate systemic perfusion has been attained. We believe that a circulation-first sequence will improve both survival and neurologic outcomes for a traumatically injured patient and will continue to advocate this approach, as additional clinical evidence is generated to inform how to best tailor circulation-first resuscitation for varied injury patterns and patient populations.
Visualisation and measurement of flames in a gas-fired multi-burner boiler

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents the development of an instrumentation system for the visualisation and measurement of flames in a gas-fired multi-burner boiler based on digital imaging and spectrometric techniques. The system consists of a rigid optical probe and an optical fibre, a digital camera, a spectrometer and an embedded computer with associated application software. The characteristic parameters of the flame, including size, temperature and oscillation frequency are quantitatively determined based on flame images obtained. The spectral characteristics of the flame are analysed over the spectral range from the ultraviolet to near infrared. The system was evaluated on a gas-fired heat recovery boiler under different operation conditions. Results obtained suggest the promising correlation between computed flame parameters and operation conditions.
Empires of Complaint: Mughal Law and the Making of British India, 1765–1793, by Robert Travers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Empires of Complaint: Mughal Law and the Making of British India, 1765–1793, by Robert Travers Get access Empires of Complaint: Mughal Law and the Making of British India, 1765–1793, by Robert Travers (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022; pp. 314. £75). Julia Stephens Julia Stephens Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA julia.stephens@rutgers.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, ceae136, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceae136 Published: 31 July 2024
Postive sentinel nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: What factors predict additional disease in the axilla?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

602 Background: The predictive utility of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is similar to that for patients treated initially with surgery. We hypothesized that patients with positive SLNs after chemotherapy would have unique clinical and pathologic factors predictive of additional non-SLN positivity. Methods: From 1993 - 2005, 104 patients were identified from a prospective database who responded to neoadjuvant therapy, had a positive SLNB, and underwent axillary dissection. At presentation, 66 patients had clinically negative nodes (CN) by ultrasound, and 38 patients had positive nodes by fine needle aspirate (Pos). Univariate and multivariate assessments of 17 predictive factors for additional non-SLN disease were performed using chi-square and logistical regression analysis with a bootstrapped backwards elimination procedure. Results: Patients with CN nodes (47%) were less likely to have additional non-SLNs positive when compared to patients with FNA Pos nodes at presentation (71%) (p=0.017). In additional univariate analysis, method of SLN metastasis detection, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), multicentricity, LN response to neoadjuvant therapy, nuclear grade, number of SLNs positive, and size of SLN metastasis were predictive for additional positive non-SLNs (p ≤ 0.05). In multivariate analysis, LVI, method of SLN metastasis detection, multicentricity, axillary node status at presentation, and pathologic tumor size retained grouped significance with a bootstrap adjusted AUC of 0.762. A nomogram for predicting non-SLN metastasis was created incorporating these variables. Multifocality, ER, nuclear grade, and number of negative or positive SLNs did not add statistical predictive power to our model. Conclusions: Patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy who have positive SLNs are at high risk of having additional non-SLN disease; use of a nomogram may help to risk-stratify this patient population. We have identified unique predictive variables for these patients, including multicentricity and nodal status at presentation, that indicate additional non-SLN disease when the SLN is positive. We plan to validate the predictive ability of the multivariate results for this patient population prospectively. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Validation of the A&D UA‐651 Plus/UA‐651SL Plus automated sphygmomanometer according to the ISO 81060–2, 2018 and ISO 81060–2 Amendment 1, 2020, which resulted in the currently pending Amendment to Amendment 1

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract In 2020 the ANSI/AAMI/ISO published Amendment 1 to the 81060–2 Standard. The purpose was to try to address issues relating to the distribution of subjects with respect to limb size ranges. It also required a new plot showing the limb circumferences on the x‐axis and the device minus reference errors on the y‐axis (Alpert plot). The study reported here showed inadequacies of the Amendment if significantly overlapping cuffs were to be tested. The innovative approach led to the testing of 135 subjects. Requirements for blood pressure (BP), arm circumference, and gender were fulfilled. The standard same arm sequential protocol was used. Criterion 1 calculations gave a mean ± standard deviation (SD) device minus manual BP values of 0.22 ± 7.90 mmHg for systolic BP and ‐0.68 ± 7.36 mmHg for diastolic BP. The maximum allowed mean value for either measurement is 5.0 mmHg. The SD values for Criterion 2 were 6.03 mmHg for systolic BP (maximum allowed 6.95) and 6.47 mmHg for diastolic BP (maximum allowed 6.90). All results passed the Standard requirements. This study demonstrated inadequacies of Amendment 1 and led to the development of an Amendment 2, still in the process of finalization. The new Amendment corrects the issues with significantly overlapping cuffs and “wide‐range” cuffs. The A&D UA‐651 Plus/UA‐651SL Plus BP monitors and the five cuffs not only passed the requirements of 81060–2:2018 and Amendment 1 but also a revised and more rigorous protocol with more subjects involved. These devices and cuffs can be used with confidence.
Data Mining as an Application for Autonomous Minirobots

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data Mining aims to discover so far unknown knowledge in datasets. An important step in Data Mining is the discovery of structural features in a dataset without using prior knowledge. Systems that possess the ability of emergence through self-organization are an particular promising approach to this problem. In this paper we describe a novel approach to emerging self organizing systems: autonomous minirobots, called DataBots, show collective behavioural patterns that correspond to structural features in a high dimensional input space. Movement strategies for DataBots have been found and tested on a real world data set. Important structural properties could be found and visualized by the collective organisation of the minirobots.
METERG: Measurement-Based End-to-End Performance Estimation Technique in QoS-Capable Multiprocessors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multiprocessor systems present serious challenges in the design of real-time systems due to the wider variation of execution time of an instruction sequence compared to a uniprocessor system. Even if non-determinism is tightly controlled by adding conventional QoS support, it is generally difficult to find the minimal hardware resource request settings (e.g., memory bandwidth) for a given user-level performance goal (e.g., transactions per second). In this paper, we introduce the METERG (Measurement-Time Enforcement and Run-Time Guarantee) QoS system that provides an easy method of obtaining a tight estimate of the lower bound on end-to-end performance for a given configuration of resource reservations. Every QoS-capable block in the METERG system supports two operation modes for each task requiring QoS: enforcement mode for estimating the lower bound on a task's execution time and deployment mode for maximizing its performance. We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach with an execution-driven multiprocessor simulator implementing the METERG QoS memory subsystem. We show that the performance lower bound is easy to obtain by simply running an application in enforcement mode, and that this estimated lower bound is tight.
[Derivation of a velocity equation for a reaction model witwh two binding sites for acetylcholinesterase].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The authors suggest a kinetic model with two binding sites for acetylcholinesterase; it is suitable to study particular enzyme forms that show a kinetic pattern which cannot be explained by the model with a single binding site of Krupka and Laidler. The velocity equation was obtained using the algorithm of King and Altman and carrying out elementary calculations.
A Clockwork Orange… Ticking

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In June 1995, Bob Dole – would-be president and a politician who has been insulated from the world for many years – attacked Oliver Stone's Natural Born Killers as a violent assault on Republican fantasies of home and family. The film, Dole said, is one of "the nightmares of depravity" created by Hollywood and popular culture that threaten "to undermine our character as a nation." In 1996, shortly before the political convention that nominated him, he praised Roland Emerich's Independence Day – a film that proposes, with all the manipulative advantages of the Hollywood style, now tricked up to digital perfection, pasteboard heroic figures fighting against evil alien invaders – as a film that upholds those values that Republicans hold dear.
(2012) ANNUAL REPORT Data collection and analysis in support of single and multispecies stock assessments in Chesapeake Bay: The Chesapeake Bay Multispecies Monitoring and Assessment Program

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Historically, fisheries management has been based on the results of single-species stock assessment models that focus on the interplay between exploitation level and sustainability. There currently exists a suite of standard and accepted analytical frameworks (e.g., virtual population analysis (VPA), biomass dynamic production modeling, delay difference models, etc.) for assessing the stocks, projecting future stock size, evaluating recovery schedules and rebuilding strategies for overfished stocks, setting allowable catches, and estimating fishing mortality or exploitation rates. A variety of methods also exist to integrate the biological system and the fisheries resource system, thereby enabling the evaluation of alternative management strategies on stock status and fishery performance. These well-established approaches have specific data requirements involving biological (life history), fisheriesdependent, and fisheries-independent data (Table 1). From these, there are two classes of stock assessment or modeling approaches used in fisheries: partial assessment based solely on understanding the biology of a species, and full analytical assessment including both biological and fisheries data.
A REVIEW OF TOOLS, METHODOLOGIES, AND TECHNIQUES FOR PROCESSING, PRE-PROCESSING, AND CLUSTERING ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DATA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gene expression analysis has become a key component in understanding cellular behavior, disease mechanisms, and drug response. The advent of high-throughput sequencing, particularly single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), has expanded our ability to study cellular heterogeneity to an unprecedented level. Clustering algorithms needed to group genes or cells with similar expression profiles have become invaluable for analyzing the massive data sets generated by these technologies. This article reviews various clustering methods applied to gene expression data, particularly single-cell RNA sequencing. The analysis covers traditional methods such as hierarchical clustering and k-means, as well as more advanced approaches such as model-based clustering, machine learning-based methods, and deep learning methods. The primary challenges encompass handling high-dimensional data, mitigating noise, and achieving scalability for large datasets. Moreover, new advancements such as multi-omics data integration, deep learning-based clustering, and federated learning offer potential enhancements in accuracy and biological relevance for clustering applications in gene expression research. The review concludes with a discussion of clustering algorithms in handling increasingly complex gene expression data for more accurate biological insights.
Optimized address assignment for DSPs with SIMD memory accesses

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with address assignment in code generation for digital signal processors (DSPs) with SIMD (single instruction multiple data) memory accesses. In these processors data are organized in groups (or partitions), whose elements share one common memory address. In order to optimize program performance for processors with such memory architectures it is important to have a suitable memory layout of the variables. We propose a two-step address assignment technique for scalar variables using a genetic algorithm based partitioning method and a graph based heuristic which makes use of available DSP address generation hardware. We show that our address assignment techniques lead to a significant code quality improvement compared to heuristics.
CHEMICAL PHYSICS OF ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA Ionization Process in the Humid Air of the Lower Troposphere

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper analyzes the local processes of ionization and electron loss in the early stages of an elec� tric discharge in humid air at altitudes of 0-12 km. The processes of ionization in an external electric field, background ionization, attachment and detachment of electrons from atomic and molecular oxygen, charge transfer, and the conversion of negative ions are considered. The dependences of the rate constants on the pressure are taken into account. It is shown that the electric field strength at which the effective ionization of air begins decreases with increasing altitude.