jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PHASE EQUILIBRIA, ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE, AND DENSITY IN THE GLASS-FORMING SYSTEM ZnCl$sub 2$ + PYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE: A DETAILED LOW-TEMPERATURE ANALOGUE OF THE SiO$sub 2$ + Na$sub 2$O SYSTEM.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

higher temperatures and with f{sub O2} reduced below that of air. The free energy of reduction of Fe{sup 3+} to Fe{sup 2+} increases (becomes less negative) with decreasing Al/(Al + Si) and NBO/T. With Fe{sup 3+}/{Sigma}Fe > 0.6, Fe{sup 3+} is tetrahedrally coordinated, whereas for Fe{sup 3+}/{Sigma}Fe < 0.3, Fe{sup 3+} occurs in octahedral coordination. In the Fe{sup 3+}/{Sigma}Fe = 0.6-0.3 range, tetrahedral and octahedral Fe{sup 3+} coexist. The degree of polymerization of silicate liquids depends, therefore, on Fe{sup 3+}/{Sigma}Fe. For properties that depend on degree of melt polymerization, these properties will also be functions of Fe{sup 3+}/{Sigma}Fe. For melts in the system Na{sub 2}O-Al{sub 3}O{sub 3}-SiO{sub 2}-Fe-O with 5 wt% iron oxide added as Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}, the viscosity decreases by more than 40% in the Fe{sup 3+}/{Sigma}Fe range between 1.0 and 0.0.
M240. THE RELATIONSHIP OF TREATMENT DELAY WITH PERSONALITY TRAIT AND FAMILY COHESION IN PATIENTS WITH FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) is one of the important factors that affect the prognosis of schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the effects of personality trait and family relationships on delayed treatment of schizophrenia. Methods The subjects were 169 patients diagnosed with first-episode schizophrenia. It is a prospective study examined the socio-demographic factors with positive and negative syndrome (PANSS) and social occupational function (SOFAS). Personality trait was investigated with the Big Five Inventory (BFI-10) and family cohesion was investigated with the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales-III (FACES-III). The DUP was defined as the time period from the appearance of the first psychotic symptoms for more than several days to the time when antipsychotic treatment began. Groups were divided according to the median value of the DUP. Results The average DUP was 12.0 months and the median value was 3.0 months. In long DUP group, age is significantly older, the PANSS score was significantly higher and the SOFAS score was significantly lower. Logistic regression analysis showed that long DUP was associated with the conscientiousness of the BFI-10 (OR = 2.175, p = 0.004) and lower level of family cohesion of FACES-III (OR = 0.930, p = 0.025). Discussion As a result of the study, treatment delay of psychosis was associated with lower cohesion and adaptability of family function and the tendency of the personality with conscientiousness. These suggest that the role of the family in accessing mental health services is important when the initial symptoms of schizophrenia develop.
Resistance of two Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) strains exposed to a mixture of zinc, cadmium and inorganic mercury

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two strains of one month-old Oreochromis niloticus namely CLSU (obtained from Central Luzon State University, Philippines) and NIFI (from National Inland Fisheries Institute, Thailand) were exposed to a sublethal mixture of 1.0 mg L-1 Zn, 0.1 mg L-1 Cd, and 0.01 mg L-1 Hg for two months in aquaria. Another set served as control with only BFS tapwater in the aquaria. At the end of the exposure period the fish were grown for another 2 months in net cages in Laguna de Bay. During the exposure (aquarium) and grow-out (lake) phases, the uptake and elimination of the metals were determined by AAS. Accumulation of the metals peaked at 13.9 µg g-1 Hg, 78.5 µg g-1 Cd, and 1447.0 µg g-1 Zn for NIFI and 14.2 µg g-1 Hg, 82.4 µg g-1 Cd, and 1591.3 µg g-1 Zn for CLSU lost 94.9% Hg, 98.76% Cd, and 89.99% Zn after two months in the lake. After the grow-out period, 2 females and 1 male of each strain were stocked in replicate polyethylene tanks. Time to first spawning, spawning frequency, fry production, and fry survival (after 30 days) were monitored. Results showed no significant effect of treatment and strain with respect to time to first spawning, spawning frequency, and mean fry survival. There was also no significant difference between the treatment and strain in mean fry production when dam weight was used as a covariate in the analysis. The results suggest that both strains of O. niloticus are resistant to long-term exposure to the metals. In addition, the elimination of the metals during the grow-out phase may have also diminished their effect on the breeders of the two strains.
Improving common bunt resistance in bread wheat by marker-assisted selection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Weizensteinbrand ist eine durch T. caries und T. laevis verursachte Pilzkrankheit, welche weltweit in der Weizenproduktion auftritt. Besonders in der ökologischen Landwirtschaft führt sie zu hohen Ertrags- und Qualitätsverlusten, weshalb die Verwendung resistenter Sorten von großer Bedeutung für eine nachhaltige Krankheitsbekämpfung ist. Um verbesserte resistente Linien zu entwickeln wurden die exotischen resistenten Linien Blizzard, Bonneville und PI119333 mit fünf anfälligen, jedoch angepassten Weizensorten gekreuzt. Das Ziel war die bereits bekannten QTL auf den Chromosomen 1A und 1B mit Hilfe einer Phänotypisierung und Genotypisierung zu validieren. Dafür wurden 359 rekombinante Inzuchtlinien entwickelt, welche nach künstlicher Inokulation mit Teliosporen auf dem Feld angebaut und auf Steinbrandbefall, sowie andere agronomische Merkmale bewertet wurden. Die Phänotypisierung zeigte, dass bei einem Großteil der entwickelten Linien kein Krankheitsbefall auftat. 67% der Linien abstammend von Bonneville können als resistent eingestuft werden und 75% von Blizzard. Den größten Anteil resistenter Linien erreichte die Population PI119333 mit 83%. Des Weiteren wurden alle Linien mit den molekularen Markern Xgwm374 und Xgwm264 auf Chromosom 1B und Xbarc83 und Xcfa2129 auf 1A genotypisiert. Es wurde festgestellt, dass alle vier Marker mit der Steinbrandresistenz in der Population Bonneville assoziiert werden können und bis zu 18.6% der phänotypischen Varianz erklären. Auch in der Population Blizzard sind die Marker Xbarc83 und Xcfa2129 signifikant, mit R2 Werten von 15.9% bzw. 17.6%. Für die Population abstammend von PI119333 waren alle vier Marker nicht signifikant, was die Annahme bestätigt, dass sich die Resistenz QTL dieser Linie in anderen Regionen im Genom befinden. Die erzeugten Linien können für die weitere Resistenzzüchtung verwendet werden, um angepasste und steinbrandresistente Sorten für die ökologische Landwirtschaft zu entwickeln.
Sample Preparation Methods for Lipidomics Approaches Used in Studies of Obesity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Obesity is associated with alterations in the composition and amounts of lipids. Lipids have over 1.7 million representatives. Most lipid groups differ in composition, properties and chemical structure. These small molecules control various metabolic pathways, determine the metabolism of other compounds and are substrates for the syntheses of different derivatives. Recently, lipidomics has become an important branch of medical/clinical sciences similar to proteomics and genomics. Due to the much higher lipid accumulation in obese patients and many alterations in the compositions of various groups of lipids, the methods used for sample preparations for lipidomic studies of samples from obese subjects sometimes have to be modified. Appropriate sample preparation methods allow for the identification of a wide range of analytes by advanced analytical methods, including mass spectrometry. This is especially the case in studies with obese subjects, as the amounts of some lipids are much higher, others are present in trace amounts, and obese subjects have some specific alterations of the lipid profile. As a result, it is best to use a method previously tested on samples from obese subjects. However, most of these methods can be also used in healthy, nonobese subjects or patients with other dyslipidemias. This review is an overview of sample preparation methods for analysis as one of the major critical steps in the overall analytical procedure.
Particularities of the conditioning of buffalo bulls in semen collection with conventional artificial vagina for use in favorable and unfavorable breeding seasons

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the sexual behavior and accommodation characteristics of buffalo recipients patented for semen collection with an artificial vagina. Thirty bulls were sampled during favorable (March to May) and unfavorable (November to December) breeding seasons in a property located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (Latitude 20°41'45'' South and Longitude 44°49'37'' West). Data were analyzed descriptively according to whether ejaculation was successful, using a range of behavioral parameters. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed using the responses and explanatory variables mentioned above. The results show that when more than three parameters are manifested, the chance of obtaining ejaculation increases by 9.0%, a value that rises to 28.2% when seven to nine parameters manifested by the breeders are observed. These observations allow us to conclude that it is possible to condition sexually mature bulls for semen collection through the artificial vagina for use in artificial insemination and fixed-time artificial insemination programs.
Probiyotik mikroorganizmaların pazarlama sonrası, depolama süresindeki canlılıkları.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Probiotics are viable microorganisms that show beneficial effects on the health of the host by improving their intestinal microflora. The microorganisms applied as probiotics mainly include Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. Probiotics can inhibit the bacterial pathogens, reduce serum cholesterol levels, improve lactose tolerance and stimulate the immune response. They also have other properties such as; tolerance to acid and bile salts, adherence to gastrointestinal cells for colonization, resistance to antibiotics and β-galactosidase acitivity. The properties of probiotic products are determined by the characteristics of the microorganisms they contain. For that reason, isolation and characterization of new strains having probiotic properties is an important issue. New strains are generally isolated from their natural habitats which are fermented dairy products such as kefir. In order to exert beneficial health affects in the digestive system, commercial probiotic products should contain adequate numbers of viable cells. Probiotic microorganisms should protect their viability during their shelf storage. Therefore, the viability of probiotics is especially important for food manufacturers that search for new probiotic strains with good survival and stability properties upon storage. In this study, probiotic microorganisms were isolated from traditional kefir grains known as a ‘complex probiotic’. The isolates were firstly identified using biochemical tests, then the putative species belonging to ‘Lactobacillus acidophilus group’ were identified with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Analysis of sequencing resulted in differentiation of “L. acidophilus group” organisms, namely L. amylovorus and L. acidophilus. Moreover, typing of commercial and traditional L. acidophilus strains and L. amylovorus strains were performed with RAPD-PCR by using primer M13. While several L. acidophilus strains showed different RAPD fingerprints most of the L. acidophilus and L. amylovorus strains could not be differentiated due to high similarity of their RAPD fingerprints. Following identification, survival of these isolates in probiotic yogurt preparations were investigated and compared to the survival of commercial probiotics. Consequently, although the survival of kefir grain isolates were less than commercial probiotics, they sustained the minimum recommended level for probiotics (106 cfu/ml) during cold storage. Such level of survival makes them considerably good candidates to be used as commercial probiotic cultures.
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Laccase from Cerrena sp. HYB07 with Dye Decolorizing Ability

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) are a class of multi-copper oxidases with important industrial values. A basidiomycete strain Cerrena sp. HYB07 with high laccase yield was identified. After cultivation in the shaking flask for 4 days, a maximal activity of 210.8 U mL21 was attained. A 58.6-kDa laccase (LacA) with 7.2 % carbohydrate and a specific activity of 1952.4 U mg21 was purified. 2,29-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) was the optimal substrate, with Km and kcat being 93.4 mM and 2468.0 s21, respectively. LacA was stable at 60uC, pH 5.0 and above, and in organic solvents. Metal ions Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ enhanced LacA activity, while Fe2+ and Li+ inhibited LacA activity. LacA decolorized structurally different dyes and a real textile effluent. Its gene and cDNA sequences were obtained. Putative cis-acting transcriptional response elements were identified in the promoter region. The high production yield and activity, robustness and dye decolorizing capacity make LacA and Cerrena sp. HYB07 potentially useful for industrial and environmental applications such as textile
Structural and dielectric properties of epitaxial Sm2O3 thin films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Epitaxial Sm2O3 thin films were deposited on (001) SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The structural and dielectric properties were investigated. Microstructural studies by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy showed that the Sm2O3 thin films have a cubic structure and an epitaxial relationship of (004)Sm2O3∥(002)SrTiO3 and [440]Sm2O3∥[200]SrTiO3. A high dielectric constant of 30.5 was found, which can be attributed to the cubic structure and the high crystalline quality and shows a potential application of epitaxial Sm2O3 thin film for high-k material.
Isoniazid-related fulminant hepatic failure in a child: assessment of the native liver's early regeneration after auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We report the first case of auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation (APOLT) in a patient with isoniazid (INH)-related fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) with the aim to determine the ability of the native liver (NL) to recover after this particular toxic event. A 10-year-old boy with INH-related FHF underwent APOLT after left hepatectomy on the NL. Neurological status and liver function rapidly improved, but, on postoperative day 22, urgent re-transplantation was needed for graft-hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) and the NL's incapacity to sustain adequate liver function. Histological examination of the NL showed signs evident of its regeneration, however. In conclusion, though we faced the clinical failure of the NL functionally to sustain the patient in the presence of the graft HAT 3, weeks after APOLT, such a failure may be interpreted as time related. In fact, the histological picture in this particular case may suggest the potential for NL recovery after INH-related FHF
Force Decay of 27 Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Aim: The aim of this investigation was to assess the efficacy and force decay of elastomeric chains based on their morphology and elongation extent.Methods: Two-hundred-and-seventy elastics from three companies [Ortho Technology (OT), American Orthodontics (AO), G&H, 10 specimens ×27 subgroups] were elongated to 40%, 60%, and 100% and the initial forces were measured. Then after four weeks of incubation in artificial saliva, the residual forces were measured. Forces and force decays were compared across brands, morphologies, and elongation extents (α=0.001).Results: Forces degraded significantly over time (repeated-measures ANOVA, P<0.001). Significant differences existed among the levels of all parameters, in terms of the initial forces, residual forces, and force degradation (3-way ANOVA, P<0.001). Results of most of the Tukey post hoc tests were significant (P<0.001). The longer the elongation extent, the higher the force waste (partial correlation coefficient, r=0.885, P< 0.001).Conclusion: Initial force was improved when using the OT brand and closed elastics, and by stretching the elastic to 100%. Force loss was minimized when using the G&H brand and open elastics, and by stretching to 40%. Using the OT brand and closed elastics, and 100% stretching caused the highest residual forces after a month. However, the initial forces provided by the 100% elongations were not sound. Force loss was increased by using the OT brand and closed elastics, and with 100% elongations. The lowest residual forces were seen in the AO brand, long elastics, and those elongated to 40%.
Published Reaction When Murrow Battled McCarthy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article seeks to answer questions about the permanent published record that TV viewers and editorial writers left behind, in newspapers and magazines, reacting to CBS newsman Edward R. Murrow's televised attack on Sen, Joseph McCarthy on March 9, 1954. Did viewers, readers, and editorial writers publicly commend Murrow for using this new national prime-time medium of TV to explore an important political issue? Or were viewers offended at Murrow's use of selected film clips of McCarthy at his worst? Another related question is: How did published reaction to Murrow in letters to the editor and editorials compare with reaction to McCarthy? Any and all of this public reaction, to both Murrow and McCarthy, is explored in 2,343 letters to the editor ad 2,107 editorials published in fourteen daily newspapers from four areas of the country and four national magazines during March 1954.
ESP in the Educational Process of Master's Degree Students and Majoring in Ecology and Land Management

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In modern language education, when teaching foreign languages to master's students in environmental specialization and land management, as well as for students of other non-linguistic universities, the term ESP (English for specific purposes) is used. A competency-based approach should be implemented, in line with which the acquisition of knowledge is combined with the experience of using the acquired knowledge in situations close to real life. Lexical, grammatical, socio-cultural, and other competencies formed in the process of learning a foreign language will help the graduate to cooperate effectively with native speakers and feel free in the country of the language being studied. The purpose of this chapter is to describe foreign language teaching in the educational process of master's degree students majoring in ecology and land management and improving their communicational skills.
Trends of hydroclimatic intensity in Colombia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This work has been accepted for publication in Water Resources Research. Version of RecordESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary. Learn more about preprints. preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]Trends of hydroclimatic intensity in ColombiaAuthors Oscar J. Mesa iD Andrés Ochoa iD Viviana Urrea iDSee all authors Oscar J. MesaiDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8717-3489view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressAndrés OchoaiDUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7230-4623view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressViviana UrreaiDUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2971-2656view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address
Exploring single and multilevel JIT compilation policy for modern machines 1

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dynamic or Just-in-Time (JIT) compilation is essential to achieve high-performance emulation for programs written in managed languages, such as Java and C#. It has been observed that a conservative JIT compilation policy is most effective to obtain good runtime performance without impeding application progress on single-core machines. At the same time, it is often suggested that a more aggressive dynamic compilation strategy may perform best on modern machines that provide abundant computing resources, especially with virtual machines (VMs) that are also capable of spawning multiple concurrent compiler threads. However, comprehensive research on the best JIT compilation policy for such modern processors and VMs is currently lacking. The goal of this work is to explore the properties of single-tier and multitier JIT compilation policies that can enable existing and future VMs to realize the best program performance on modern machines. In this work, we design novel experiments and implement new VM configurations to effectively control the compiler aggressiveness and optimization levels ( if and when methods are compiled) in the industry-standard Oracle HotSpot Java VM to achieve this goal. We find that the best JIT compilation policy is determined by the nature of the application and the speed and effectiveness of the dynamic compilers. We extend earlier results showing the suitability of conservative JIT compilation on single-core machines for VMs with multiple concurrent compiler threads. We show that employing the free compilation resources (compiler threads and hardware cores) to aggressively compile more program methods quickly reaches a point of diminishing returns. At the same time, we also find that using the free resources to reduce compiler queue backup (compile selected hot methods early ) significantly benefits program performance, especially for slower (highly optimizing) JIT compilers. For such compilers, we observe that accurately prioritizing JIT method compiles is crucial to realize the most performance benefit with the smallest hardware budget. Finally, we show that a tiered compilation policy, although complex to implement, greatly alleviates the impact of more and early JIT compilation of programs on modern machines.
IN INTERNALLY COOLED GAS TURBINE BLADES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Society shall not be responsible for statements or opinions advanced In papers or discussion at meetings of the Society or of its Divisions or Sections, or printed in Its publications. Discussion is primed only it the paper is published In an ASME Journal. Authorization to photocopy for internal or personal use is granted to libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) provided
Agricultural Implement Makers in Scotland During the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the agricultural implement makers in Scotland during the period 1850 to 1914, when there were significant developments in agricultural implements and machines and in associated work practices. It considers themes such as the character of the implement makers, their geographical distribution, their standing, and reputation. It charts how their activities changed during this period. It shows that the capacity of their industry developed to support an increased number of family members, there was a growing number of larger businesses that increasingly had a customer base over a wider geographical area and that could be regarded as having a national standing; some also had an international standing. The technological advances in the production of implements and machines meant that production became more complex and was increasingly undertaken by businesses with more and better resources.