jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Control of Mammary Differentiation by Ras-Dependent Signal Transduction Pathways

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract : Mammary epithelial cells undergo periodic cycles of growth, differentiation and apoptosis during pregnancy and lactation. These processes are initiated by a complex series of signals that include mammotrophic hormones and locally-derived growth factors. This study is aimed at determining the mechanism by which an important mitogenic signal transduction pathway, which is frequently activated in breast carcinoma, inhibits mammary differentiation and apoptosis. We have demonstrated that the Ras pathway is activated by EGF stimulation of HC11 mammary epithelial cells. This occurs in part via the increase in GTP-bound Ras in the cells. EGF stimulation results in activation of Erk and Akt signal transduction pathways and prevents lactogenic differentiation. Inhibition of either Ras (via DNRas expression) or Erk (via PD98059) or Akt (via wortmannin) can counter the effects of EGF on differentiation. The mechanism of disruption of differentiation appears to involve interference with the growth arrest that occurs prior to the induction of differentiation; the mechanism for growth arrest may require the down regulation of Mek1 expression. The expression of dominant negative Ras in HC11 cells blocked signal transduction to the Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk signal transduction pathway but not signal transduction via the PI-3-kinase pathway. Expression studies of HC11 cells undergoing lactogenic differentiation using DNA microarrays demonstrated that there is a shift in gene expression that affects genes related to milk production as well as development and growth control.
A Study on Hwanseong Ji-An's Zen Poems at Tongdosa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본고는 조선후기 통도사에 주석하였던 환성지안의 선시연구를 진행하여 환성의 죽음에 대한 재조명과 환성의 통도사 주석을 재확인하고 그 선시의 특징과 의의를 살폈다. 선풍을 진작시키고 법문의 종주였던 환성의 죽음과 관련하여 불법홍포를 위해 희생된 순교자로 보았으며 조선중기 허응당보우와 같은 반열에서 서사되고 추존되어야 한다고 조명하였다. 환성의 선시를 통도사에 주석하였거나 문정목록에 실린 승려들에게 전해준 시를 전법 시로 살펴보았고, 통도사 백련암 현판에 새겨져 있는 두 편의 시와 경상도 지방에서 읊 은 시를 유행시로 분석해보았다. 전법시의 특징은 무분별지와 불이(不二)의 사상으로 제자들에게 깨달음을 인가하였다. 이때 화두를 직접 시어로 사용하였으며 오언절구를 즐겨 지어 격외시의 전형을 이루어 내었음을 보았다. 유행시에서는 경상도 지역의 행적을 추적할 수 있었으며 특히, 통도 사 현판에 새겨진 두 편의 시가 통도사에서 지어진 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이들 시의 특징은 선취(禪趣)의 시취화(詩趣化)를 이루었으며 청시(淸詩)를 추구하였는데 이때의 정서 는 한(寒)이라고 보았다. 이들 시작품을 통해서 환성이 통도사에 주석하였던 사실과 현 재까지 통도사에 환성의 선맥과 시풍(詩風)이 계승되고 있음을 살필 수 있었다. 환성 시의 현실주의 표현미학과 천기론(天機論)적 시관(詩觀)은 선시문학사의 방향정립과 지평에 일정한 영향을 주었다고 그 의의를 도출하였다.
Dominant two-dimensional electron-phonon interactions in the bulk Dirac semimetal Na3Bi

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Bulk Dirac semimetals (DSMs) exhibit unconventional transport properties and phase transitions due to their peculiar low-energy band structure. Yet the electronic interactions governing nonequilibrium phenomena in DSMs are not fully understood. Here we show that electron-phonon (e-ph) interactions in a prototypical bulk DSM, Na3Bi, are predominantly two-dimensional (2D). Our first-principles calculations discover a 2D optical phonon with strong e-ph interactions associated with in-plane vibrations of Na atoms. We show that this 2D mode governs e-ph scattering and charge transport in Na3Bi, and induces a dynamical phase transition to a Weyl semimetal. Our work advances quantitative analysis of electron interactions in topological semimetals and reveals dominant low-dimensional interactions in bulk quantum materials.
Clinical and Genetic Profile of Children with Periodic Fever Syndromes from a Single Medical Center in South

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To report a cohort of children with periodic fever syndromes (PFS) from Southeast Michigan. Methods A retrospective review of medical records for patients referred for periodic fever over 5 years. Results Sixty-six patients including 21 FMF, 15 PFAPA, four TRAPS and one patient with combined HIDS and FMF were included. In addition, 25 patients were categorized as clinical PFS (cPFS) based on their clinical features however their genetic workup was either negative or inconclusive. Majority of the patients with FMF were from Middle Eastern background (88 %), but positive family history was noted in only 55 % of cases. Mean age at diagnosis was 40.8 months with a mean delay in diagnosis of 24 months. Most common MEFV mutations were p.M694V and p.M694I. Four patients with TRAPS were from mixed European descent and age at onset of symptoms was 6, 12, 12, and 84 months respectively. TNFRSF1A sequence variants in the TRAPS patients included p.R121Q (R92Q) and p.C99G (C70G); one patient had a rare occurrence of a concurrent p.V726A/-MEFV mutation. One patient with HIDS and FMF presented with atypical overlapping PFS clinical manifestations and genetic evaluation showed a unique combination of p.I268T/p.V377I MVK mutations and p.E230K/-MEFV variant. All patients with PFAPA group were from mixed European descent, symptoms started at a mean age of 34.6 months with a mean delay in diagnosis of 23.3 months. Symptoms started during infancy in six patients. All patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for PFAPA. The mean age of onset of symptoms in cPFS group was 17.2 months. Empiric colchicine and glucocorticosteroids controlled flares in majority of patients with cPFS. No evidence of amyloidosis was found in this entire cohort of 66 patients after a mean of 29.2 months of follow-up. Conclusion PFS can present with atypical manifestations and should not be excluded based on a negative family history. Concomitant mutations in different autoinflammatory disorders genes can be present and possibly explain atypical manifestations. Various therapies may be considered even if genetic testing is inconclusive or negative.
Recent results of the TierPET scanner

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

At the Forschungszentnum Julich a high resolution positron emission tomograph (TierPET) for imaging small laboratory animals, especially rats, has been constructed. The scanner is based on arrays of YAP crystals. As a special feature the detector distances can be varied continuously from 16 to 58 cm. Due to the variable detector distances the performance of the scanner has to be evaluated in various configurations. Special attention was paid to dedicated data acquisition protocols and adequate applications with regard to the system sensitivity.
Research Article Connexin-Based Therapeutics and Tissue Engineering Approaches to the Amelioration of Chronic Pancreatitis and Type I Diabetes: Construction and Characterization of a Novel

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation is a cutting-edge technique to treat chronic pancreatitis and postoperative diabetes. A major obstacle has been low islet cell survival due largely to the innate inflammatory response. Connexin43 (Cx43) channels play a key role in early inflammation and have proven to be viable therapeutic targets. Even if cell death due to early inflammation is avoided, insufficient vascularization is a primary obstacle to maintaining the viability of implanted cells. We have invented technologies targeting the inflammatory response and poor vascularization: a Cx43 mimetic peptide that inhibits inflammation and a novel prevascularized tissue engineered construct. We combined these technologies with isolated islets to create a prevascularized bioartificial pancreas that is resistant to the innate inflammatory response. Immunoconfocal microscopy showed that constructs containing islets express insulin and possess a vascular network similar to constructs without islets. Glucose stimulated islet-containing constructs displayed reduced insulin secretion compared to islets alone. However, labeling for insulin post-glucose stimulation revealed that the constructs expressed abundant levels of insulin. This discrepancy was found to be due to the expression of insulin degrading enzyme. These results suggest that the prevascularized bioartificial pancreas is potentially a tool for improving long-term islet cell survival in vivo. 1.
Inter-Rater Reliability of Two Error Taxonomies

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Healthcare system patient safety departments often categorize the human and system failure mechanisms that contribute to patient safety events. Historically, Advocate Midwest Region (MWR) used a framework developed by Press Ganey Associates, LLC (2021) (Taxonomy 1). A high level of inter-rater reliability (IRR) is required to identify failure trends and patterns, permitting identification of causes of patient safety violations and ultimately intervention to improve those conditions. MWR combined with Advocate Southeast Region (SER) in 2023. SER had previously used Taxonomy 1, but recently developed a new taxonomy (Taxonomy 2) basing proximate (human) failures on the Model of Human Information Processing (Wickens et al., 2021) and system failures mechanisms on the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model (Carayon et al., 2006). The organizational merger of MWR and SER provided an opportunity to compare IRR of the two taxonomies. A research team coded 21 sample safety event causal statements in both taxonomies, with representation from all major categories in each taxonomy. All items were entered in an online testing platform. Eight Patient Safety Team volunteers received a 1-hour introduction to Taxonomy 2 and a reference guide with definitions, similar to their reference guide used for Taxonomy 1. They then coded the statements, and were randomized to start with either taxonomy 1 or 2. Fleiss’ Kappa for Taxonomy 1 Individual Failure Modes and System Failure Modes were 0.468 and 0.428 respectively, or in the range considered to have moderate reliability of agreement (0.41 – 0.60). Kappa for Taxonomy 2 Proximate Failure Mechanisms was higher at 0.722, or in the range considered to have good reliability of agreement (0.61 to 0.80). Kappa for Taxonomy 2 System Failure Mechanisms was slightly higher at 0.552, still in the range considered to have moderate reliability of agreement (0.41-0.060). Patient Safety teammates using Taxonomy 2 had higher IRR even with limited training and experience with the new taxonomy.
Combining Mechanistic Modeling and Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring Antibody Chromatographic Purification

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Chromatography is widely used in biotherapeutics manufacturing, and the corresponding underlying mechanisms are well understood. To enable process control and automation, spectroscopic techniques are very convenient as on-line sensors, but their application is often limited by their sensitivity. In this work, we investigate the implementation of Raman spectroscopy to monitor monoclonal antibody (mAb) breakthrough (BT) curves in chromatographic operations with a low titer harvest. A state estimation procedure is developed by combining information coming from a lumped kinetic model (LKM) and a Raman analyzer in the frame of an extended Kalman filter approach (EKF). A comparison with suitable experimental data shows that this approach allows for the obtainment of reliable estimates of antibody concentrations with reduced noise and increased robustness.
Disciplining deviant states : the creation of self-fulfilling prophecies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Deviance at the international level is poorly understood and under-theorized. This paper endeavors to foster a deeper understanding of deviance in international relations (IR) scholarship. Following the work of earlier critical scholars (Nincic 2005; Wagner et al. 2014) I draw extensively on sociology and criminology, where there are well-developed theories of deviance, albeit at the level of individual offenders. Both literatures investigate persistence and desistance in criminal behaviour and share the background assumption that criminality and deviance are subjective and socially constructed. The notion of deviance as constructed was extensively deliberated in social labeling theory, a central theoretical framework in sociology which posits that labels, particularly when negative or stigmatizing, influence the behaviour of the individual that is labelled. Crucially, social labeling theorists observed that labels can actually promote subsequent deviance, effectively creating a self-fulfilling prophecy. In keeping with these findings, I ask, What are the implications of stigmatizing social practices on states? More specifically, does being cast as a ‘deviant’ through stigmatizing social practices promote subsequent deviance? I derive four observable implications from the sociology literature that describe how a ‘self-fulfilling prophecy’ may unfold: (1) by affecting the state’s self-concept, (2) by limiting the state’s opportunities, (3) by provoking a defensive reaction, and (4) by promoting differential justice. Using Iran’s nuclear programme from the 1970s to the 1980s as a case study, I find support for all four mechanisms, and suggest that international responses to perceived norm transgressions or “acts of deviance” can indeed perpetuate self-fulfilling prophecies and engender further or sustained deviance. Despite the inherent limitations in ascertaining the motivation of state leaders, social labeling theory proves to be a promising framework for further research into deviant states.
Combined (resistance-endurance) home based training and red grape juice supplementation improve memory in MS patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background In recent years, attention to the improvement of memory in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), patients is less investigated. Hence, for the first time, in this study deals with the relationship between combined training and red grape juice supplementation with memory improvement in MS patients. Method In this study, 48 women with MS with an age range of 20-40 years were selected and placed in 4 groups: traning (n=12), supplement (n=12), training+supplement (n=12), and control (n=12). Combined training for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week) was performed for 60 minutes with an intensity of 10-12 Rate of Perceived exertion. Supplementation for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week), 250 ccs of red grape juice with Brix 14 was consumed. Before and after the intervention, memory was evaluated by a daily memory questionnaire and retrospective and prospective memory. The obtained data were calculated using the analysis of variance test at a significant level (P ≤0.05). Results The results show a significant improvement in daily memory and retrospective and prospective memory in the traning, supplement, and trianing + supplement groups, respectively (P=0.000), (P=0.000), (P=0.000) compared to the group it was controling. The results of the post hoc test also show the difference between the groups with each other (P ≤0.05). Conclusions Red grape juice supplementation with 8 weeks of combined training improves cognitive disorders (memory) in MS patients.
Re: Surgical Site Infection and Analytic Morphometric Assessment of Body Composition in Patients Undergoing Midline Laparotomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey1 Jan 2012Re: Surgical Site Infection and Analytic Morphometric Assessment of Body Composition in Patients Undergoing Midline Laparotomy Richard K. BabayanM.D. Richard K. BabayanRichard K. Babayan More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.008AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Surgical Site Infection and Analytic Morphometric Assessment of Body Composition in Patients Undergoing Midline Laparotomy." The Journal of Urology, 187(1), p. 155 © 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 187Issue 1January 2012Page: 155 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Richard K. Babayan More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Imaging measurements of volcanic BrO using Fabry-P&#233;rot interferometer correlation spectroscopy

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Imaging of atmospheric trace gases gives insights into physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere on the scale of seconds and metres. This is of particular importance when observing point sources with highly variable emission, like smoke stacks or volcanoes, and the chemical processes therein. In particular for volcanic plume measurements, instruments are required that not only combine a high spatio-temporal resolution with a high trace gas selectivity, but that are also sufficiently robust and compact to be used under field conditions and in remote locations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Imaging Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) correlation spectroscopy (IFPICS) is a novel imaging technique for atmospheric trace gases. Atmospheric trace gas column densities are quantified with a high spatial and temporal resolution by matching the periodic spectral transmission of a FPI to the close to periodic vibronic absorption features of the target trace gas in the ultraviolet or visible wavelength range. So far, IFPICS has been applied to volcanic sulphur dioxide (SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) imaging and laboratory measurements of formaldehyde (HCHO).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this study, we present measurements of volcanic bromine monoxide (BrO) from a field campaign at Mt. Etna in July 2021. BrO is a very reactive species and thus only present in low amounts (some tens of ppt) in volcanic emission plumes, however, it is important as (1) indicator for degassing processes and (2) agent in plume chemistry. We discuss the challenges associated with separating the weak absorption signal of BrO (typical optical density around 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;) from other effects within the complex environment of the volcanic plume. The camera prototype has a detection limit of 1x10&lt;sup&gt;14 &lt;/sup&gt;BrO molec cm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; at a time resolution of 10 s and a spatial resolution of approximately 200 x 200 pixels. Using a second IFPICS instrument for SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; measurements, an estimate for the BrO to SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ratio in the plume is given.&lt;/p&gt;
Defining “Normophilic” and “Paraphilic” Sexual Fantasies in a Population-Based Sample: On the Importance of Considering Subgroups

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Introduction According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), a sexual fantasy (SF) is paraphilic if it concerns activities outside the realm of “genital stimulation or preparatory fondling with phenotypically normal, physically mature, consenting human partners” (normophilic). Intensity of the paraphilic SF is also “greater than or equal to normophilic interests.” Surprisingly, however, very few data are available to corroborate that definition of a paraphilic SF. Although the relatively high prevalence of paraphilic SF in the general population is well known, the magnitude of difference between intensity of “normophilic” and “paraphilic” SF remains to be assessed. Aim The main goal of this study was to analyze the SF of adults recruited in the general population to obtain person profiles based on the nature and intensity of their SF. Methods Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) were used with data collected from 1,501 adults recruited in the general population to generate subgroups of participants based on the nature and intensity of their SF. Main outcome measures The main outcome measures used was a revised version of the Wilson Sex Fantasy Questionnaire. Results When all participants are considered as a unique group, the mean intensity of the most intense “normophilic” SF (oral sex) is significantly higher than the mean intensity of the most intense “paraphilic” SF (being sexually dominated for women and watching two women having sex for men), as expected from the DSM-5. When clusters of participants are considered separately, however, conclusions are nuanced. Four significant clusters of participants (two predominantly female and two predominantly male) reported at least one paraphilic SF with intensity as high as that of their most intense “normophilic” SF. In fact, 57% of this sample met the criteria of paraphilia. Conclusion These results suggest that the current criteria for paraphilia are too inclusive. Suggestions are given to improve the definition of pathological sexual interests, and the crucial difference between SF and sexual interest is underlined.
Evaluation of the Quality Supervision System for Construction Projects in China Considering the Quality Behavior Risk Transmission

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In construction projects, improper quality behavior of a participant results in quality behavior risks, which can transmit to the downstream participants and may cause detrimental effects on the quality of the entity finally constructed. Controlling the transmission of quality behavior risks is the key to effectively supervising and ensuring the quality of construction projects. In this study, the effectiveness of the quality supervision system of construction projects in China was investigated by considering the transmission of quality behavior risks. A multi-player evolutionary game model consisting of the players of quality supervision of a government department, upstream participant (UP), and downstream participant (DP) was generated. By using the system dynamics theory, the game model was simulated to determine the stability of the evolutionary system and to evaluate the effectiveness of China’s current quality supervision system under different scenarios. The results showed that there is no evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) in the evolutionary system of the current quality supervision system in China and there are fluctuations in the evolution process. It revealed that high risk exists in the current quality supervision system in China. To resolve the problem of the low efficiency of the current Chinese supervision system, a dynamic penalty and incentive method is developed, which has been proven to be able to effectively control the quality behavior risks in construction projects and hence ensuring the quality of the entity finally constructed.
Games for Central Bankers: Markets v/s Politics in Public Policy Decisions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

25.,1* 3$3(5 6(5,(6 *$0(6 )25 &(175$/ %$1.(56 0$5.(76 96 32/,7,&6 ,1 38%/,& 32/,&< '(&,6,
The effect of soil moisture and soil particle size on the survival and population increase of Xiphinema index.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

L'effet de l'interaction entre l'humidite du sol et le temps d'incubation sur la survie et la fecondite de Xiphinema index, ainsi que l'influence de la granulometrie du sable utilise ont ete etudies en serre. En l'absence de plante-hote, moins de 10% des nematodes ont survecu pendant 60 jours, meme en condition favorables (intermediaires) d'humidite du sol. La survie est tres faible en sol sec ou sature en eau. La fecondite de X. index apres incubation est accrue pour les individus qui survivent en sol sec, et diminuee pour ceux incubes en conditions d'humidite favorable