jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Plantar inclusion cyst: a review of the literature.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cystic lesions on the plantar surface of the foot are rare and usually a consequence of trauma. Patients generally present complaining of a firm ovoid or nodular mass under a weightbearing area that exhibits dull to exquisite tenderness upon direct pressure. A careful history often reveals past injury of varying severity with subsequent evolution of a gradually enlarging mass closely adjoining the area of insult. A frequently overlooked finding of interest is a mixed histologic picture with features common to both foreign body reactions as well as inclusion cysts.
Flight test maneuver design and aerodynamic parameter estimation for single use autonomous air vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a maneuver design and aerodynamic parameter estimation procedure is carried out for single use autonomous gliding air vehicles where allowable flight testing time is limited. At first, using the priori aerodynamics of a gliding vehicle, an aerodynamic model has been built and six degree of freedom simulation tool is generated. This priori aerodynamic knowledge is used to design a multi-sine input to excite the system at predetermined flight conditions during flight test. Afterwards, using the real flight test data with the designed inputs executed, a delta difference model, which is sought by utilizing stepwise regression method, has been built and used as a correction model to update the already existing aerodynamic database generated from wind tunnel tests and semi empirical analysis. The results of the study show that, proposed procedure is suitable for estimating delta difference aerodynamic model between the real world and the priori information for the air vehicle type. With the suitable design of input to excite the system on longitudinal plane of motion, it is possible to update the existing aerodynamic database for more reliable simulations, performance and range predictions. © 2017, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.
Pharmacology of Shothahara Dravyas - A Literary Survey

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The word Shotha refers to oedema and the drugs which relieves the Shotha (oedema) called as Shothahara Dravyas. Ayurveda enumerated number of Shothahara drugs, among them the Dashamoola have given prime importance. The Dashamoola are Bilva, Agnimantha, Shyonaka, Patala, Kashmari, Brihati, Kantakari, Shalaparni, Prishniparni and Gokshura. The roots of these drugs are used to treat oedema. The Shotha is caused by vitiated condition, due to aggravation of Vata, movement or Rasa Dhatu is obstructed. Due to this it gets accumulated in between Twacha and Maamsa, which is known as Shotha, though it is caused by Tridosha, Vatadosha has predominant role. As the Dashamoola is having the Vatagna and Shothagna property so used in these conditions. The present study reveals the reference regarding Shothagna drugs from various classical texts their Rasa Panchakas, pharmacological activities and various research works are reviewed systematically. The further scope of the study is that to make available these drugs as a standard drug (Control Drug) to evaluate the Shothagna activity with the other available drugs along with the clinical study
TISSUE-SPECIFIC STEM CELLS Nestin- and Doublecortin-Positive Cells Reside in Adult Spinal Cord Meninges and Participate in Injury-Induced Parenchymal Reaction

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Adult spinal cord has little regenerative potential, thus limiting patient recovery following injury. In this study, we describe a new population of cells resident in the adult rat spinal cord meninges that express the neural stem/precursor markers nestin and doublecortin. Furthermore, from dissoci-ated meningeal tissue a neural stem cell population was cul-tured in vitro and subsequently shown to differentiate into functional neurons or mature oligodendrocytes. Proliferation rate and number of nestin- and doublecortin-positive cells increased in vivo in meninges following spinal cord injury. By using a lentivirus-labeling approach, we show that menin-geal cells, including nestin- and doublecortin-positive cells, migrate in the spinal cord parenchyma and contribute to the glial scar formation. Our data emphasize the multiple roles of meninges in the reaction of the parenchyma to trauma and indicate for the first time that spinal cord meninges are potential niches harboring stem/precursor cells that can be activated by injury. Meninges may be considered as a new source of adult stem/precursor cells to be further tested for use in regenerative medicine applied to neurological disor-ders, including repair from spinal cord injury. STEM CELLS 2011;29:2062–2076 Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Pathology of Congenital Deafness

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pathology of congenital hearing loss is as varied as the etiologies. Severe external ear anomalies, such as microtia, and middle ear defects have a significant incidence of accompanying inner ear aplasias, more often of the vestibular than of the cochlear end-organs. Classic inner ear aplasias are discussed, including Michel, Mondini, Alexander and Scheibe. A case illustrating close resemblance between a genetically induced Scheibe malformation and rubella inner ear deformities is presented. A variety of ear disorders acquired during intrauterine or neonatal life, including cytomegalic inclusion disease, hypoxia, erythroblastosis fetalis and later-onset genetic disorders are also discussed. Illustrative case histories are presented as well as priorities for future investigations into the pathology of congenital and genetic hearing loss.
Library practitioners’ perceptions on the applications of IoT in university libraries of Bangladesh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The major objectives of this study are to explore the perceptions of library practitioners towards IoT and to suggest directions for its proper application in university libraries of Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach The study conducted an online questionnaire-based survey of library practitioners working at university libraries in Bangladesh in addition to an email interview with ten librarians. A sample size of 310 library practitioners was obtained using the convenience sampling technique for the survey. Non-parametric tests were performed to examine the differences in demographics and perspectives on IoT, as well as the potential benefits and challenges of IoT deployment in libraries. Findings A total of 178 valid surveys were completed, and the results indicate that 147 (82.6%) library practitioners have varied degrees of IoT understanding and positive attitudes about IoT applications in libraries. The study identified RFID, wireless technologies, cloud computing, mobile apps, artificial intelligence and semantic search as major IoT enablers. Tracking, book reservation, circulation, user identification, service marketing, selection of resources, information networking and resource sharing, etc. are the main areas of a library where IoT may be applied. The integration of IoT has the potential to transform conventional libraries into smart libraries. However, there are some challenges that Bangladeshi university libraries must overcome to take use of the prospects emerged from IoT. Research limitations/implications The study would encourage Bangladeshi librarians adopting IoT-based library and information services and provide guidelines for its successful implementation. Originality/value The study is a pioneering effort from Bangladesh’s perspective which portrays the original opinions and perceptions of library practitioners regarding IoT applications in university libraries of Bangladesh.
Cultures of Critical Media Consumption in Asia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the midst of a global dialogue on fake news and press legitimacy, the case for media literacy is more compelling than ever. Throughout the diverse media environments in Japan, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, and India, cultures of protest are closely tied to a proficiency in media literacy among educated youth. Political settings, whether democratic, populist, or authoritarian, complicate a society’s ability to criticize its press. The rise of internet news further complicates traditions of news consumption by challenging press institutions and offering more sensational forms of media. Despite these rapid changes, young readers continue to critically analyze the media they consume. Just as free press holds a nation accountable, media literate readers hold a biased or censored press accountable.
The Effect of Iranian Athletes’ Endorsement on Attitude and Purchase Intention of Customers and Developing a Model

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Iranian famous athletes’ endorsement on attitude and purchase intention of customers and to develop a model of endorsement. The research method was correlation carried out as a field using a questionnaire. The population consisted of the students of physical education and sport sciences of state universities in Iran. The sampling method was cluster-random and finally 823 questionnaires were analyzed. Data were collected using questionnaires of sport and athlete identification, perceived value, Star power (SASP), product-endorser match-up, and purchase intention. To analyze data, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modeling (SEM), Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression in SPSS19 and Liserel8.8 were used. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that all coefficients were significant and main indexes of model’s fit showed that the model was good and suitable to extract the relationships among variables. There was a significant correlation between all components of star power of athletes and attitude and purchase intention. Multiple regression showed that 22% of variations in dependent variable (attitude towards product) was related to attractiveness and dependence, and also 16% of variations in dependent variable (purchase intention) was related to attractiveness, dependence, likeable personality and expertise. Also, the model proposed for endorsement was fitted using SEM. Finally, it is necessary to consider the dimensions of star power in the process of selecting athlete endorsers. It is also recommended that there should be a congruence between the athlete endorser and endorsed product. Those mentioned factors finally provoke interest in customers and their purchase intention.
BOTANICAL MYTHS: FAKE NEWS OF THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The myths take many forms depending on the cultures in which we find them; however, their function is always to explain natural phenomena that occur in their surroundings. As observed throughout human history, it is an inherent condition for the human species to believe in the metaphysical and to use their individual and introspective thinking as a way to achieve their dreams and goals, something that works as a responsible 'driving force' in many cases, for governing and inspiring the human individual. Additionally, populations or part of communities that obtain their livelihood and/or subsistence directly from agricultural activity spontaneously express a greater willingness to believe in the 'infallible' agroforestry myths, which explain the possible botanical phenomena. In light of this, our present study lists the main physiological bases refuting different botanical myths based on evidence proven in original articles. Furthermore, our phenomenological approach was carried out in an eclectic way in the field of botany and is not linked to any specific authority or philosophical school. Finally, we explore and integrate different, mutually compatible approaches to provide the reader with a global understanding of the 'infallibility' of botanical myths.
Faster and greater moisture curing ethylene‐silane copolymers with good shelf stabilities

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) functionalized ethylenic polymers, in the form of reactor‐made ethylene‐silane copolymers as well as post‐reactor made silane‐grafted ethylene polymers, were evaluated for the purpose of moisture‐induced crosslinking through hydrolysis and condensation reactions. The copolymers were of 1.6 wt% or 4.2 wt% VTMS contents, and the silane‐grafted resins ranged in VTMS contents from 1.1 to 3.7 wt%. The silane‐grafted materials were very reactive under humid conditions at room temperature, resulting in very poor shelf stabilities manifested in sharp drops in their melt indices over time (changes that in the early stages were dominated mostly by resin molecular weight distribution and/or branching, and in the later stages much more by silane content). In sharp contrast, the ethylene‐silane copolymers exhibited outstanding shelf stabilities over time even at relatively high silane content, indicating desirably low reactivities in the absence of moisture‐cure catalyst. When formulated with catalyst, and exposed to humid conditions, the cure characteristics of the silane functionalized ethylene polymers varied significantly, with the fastest and greatest crosslinking observed using the ethylene‐silane copolymer of 4.2 wt% VTMS content and remarkably excellent shelf stability. Analyses of reaction rates revealed very interesting trends, depending on type of catalyst (tin or sulfonic acid) and resin. Highlights Ethylene‐silane copolymers and silane‐grafted ethylene polymers were studied. Copolymers exhibited vastly superior shelf stabilities than grafted materials. Catalyst type and loading affected moisture‐induced crosslinkability. Increased silane content in copolymer led to faster and greater crosslinking. Best balance of crosslinkability and shelf stability obtained with copolymers.
Wave and Symbol Synchronizers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we present four wave synchronizers and four symbol synchronizers: analog, hybrid, combinational and sequential. All them are of the class closed loop.The wave synchronizers are vacated to synchronize withwaves or signals with deterministic phase/ transition.The symbol synchronizers are vacated to synchronize withsymbols or signals with random phase/ transition.The main objective is to study and compare the performance of the different wave and symbol synchronizers.
Living with Uncertainty

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Immigration detention is a central tenet of the British government’s response to immigration but remains under-theorised in academia. This article uses testimonies drawn from anthropological research conducted with detainees at an Immigration Removal Centre to examine lived experiences of immigration detention and explore the relationships between detainees and the British state. It suggests that despite being a space of extreme control (both in terms of legislation and daily practice), immigration detention is beset with uncertainty and confusion. Examples are given of chronic instability in relation to mobility, violent ‘incidents’, time frames and access to information. The article examines the repercussions of such instability on individuals and coping strategies employed. It argues that immigration detainees live in a context of continual crisis, in which profound uncertainty becomes normalised. This disorder should be understood as a technique of power, with governance through uncertainty constructing certain immigrants as expendable, transient and ultimately, deportable.
How recordkeeping ensures trust in digital archives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Imagine a researcher in 2067 examining objects in a digital archive that were deposited in the early 21 st century. How can the researcher be assured that those digital materials – whether born‐digital or digital surrogates of analog materials – have not been accidentally or maliciously altered sometime during the intervening decades? Ten archival workers – archivists, metadata specialists, digitization managers and preservation technologists – were interviewed about how contemporary recordkeeping practices ensure the authenticity of born‐digital files and digital surrogates for future users of the archive. This poster presents preliminary results about how archives are adapting to emergent needs for processing digital materials at scale, ensuring that workflows capture entities, activities and agents (provenance information), and ensuring that current systems support migration of provenance information to successor systems.
Role of microRNA221 in regulating normal mammary epithelial hierarchy and breast cancer stem-like cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Increasing evidence suggests that lineage specific subpopulations and stem-like cells exist in normal and malignant breast tissues. Epigenetic mechanisms maintaining this hierarchical homeostasis remain to be investigated. In this study, we found the level of microRNA221 (miR-221) was higher in stem-like and myoepithelial cells than in luminal cells isolated from normal and malignant breast tissue. In normal breast cells, over-expression of miR-221 generated more myoepithelial cells whereas knock-down of miR-221 increased luminal cells. Over-expression of miR-221 stimulated stem-like cells in luminal type of cancer and the miR-221 level was correlated with clinical outcome in breast cancer patients. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was induced by overexpression of miR-221 in normal and breast cancer cells. The EMT related gene ATXN1 was found to be a miR-221 target gene regulating breast cell hierarchy. In conclusion, we propose that miR-221 contributes to lineage homeostasis of normal and malignant breast epithelium.
Localized Iterative Design for Language Learning in Underdeveloped Regions: The PACE Framework

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Poor literacy remains a decisive barrier to the economic empowerment of many people in the developing world. Of particular importance is literacy in a widely spoken “world language ” such as English, which is typically a second language for these speakers. For complex reasons, schools are often not effective as vehicles for second language learning. In this paper we explore game-like language learning on cell phones. We argue that phones are an excellent technology platform in the typical ecologies of developing countries. We present the PACE framework that is intended to support the rapid, scalable development of language learning software localized for a particular community of learners. These learners are usually skeptical of formal education and of cultural biases they encounter in learning “remote ” languages in particular. Localization of content is crucial to make the language relevant to them and to encourage them to adopt it.
Neurobiology, Stem Cell Biology, and Immunology: An Emerging Triad for Understanding Tissue Homeostasis and Repair

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) endows animals with the remarkable ability to sense and respond to a dynamic world. Emerging evidence shows the PNS also participates in tissue homeostasis and repair by integrating local changes with organismal and environmental changes. Here, we provide an in-depth summary of findings delineating the diverse roles of peripheral nerves in modulating stem cell behaviors and immune responses under steady-state conditions and in response to injury and duress, with a specific focus on the skin and the hematopoietic system. These examples showcase how elucidating neuro–stem cell and neuro–immune cell interactions provides a conceptual framework that connects tissue biology and local immunity with systemic bodily changes to meet varying demands. They also demonstrate how changes in these interactions can manifest in stress, aging, cancer, and inflammation, as well as how these findings can be harnessed to guide the development of new therapeutics.
Exporting virtue: neoconservatism, democracy promotion and the end of history

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Changes in neoconservative foreign policy thought in the post-Cold War period have often been downplayed. Interested observers seem content to emphasise continuities or merely changes in personnel with a second generation of neoconservatives replacing an earlier cadre, rather than shifts in the ideology itself. By interrogating the early post-Cold War years, this article argues that neoconservatism as an ideology underwent significant changes, with a cautious form of realism, even isolationism, replaced by a much more expansive and ambitious worldview. Humanitarian interests and the promotion of democracy abroad assumed more central roles in neoconservative discourse in a way they had not hitherto achieved. These concerns when combined with the frequent advocacy of American hegemony shifted neoconservatism in a direction which was not anticipated in the immediate aftermath of the Cold War. The structural decline of bipolarity in the international system; the impact of democracy promotion discourses including Francis Fukuyama's 'End of History' thesis; and a religious 'turn' in neoconservative thought all contributed to this new direction, laying the ideological groundwork for many of the ideas which underpinned the 2003 Iraq War.
Rapid adaptation for deep neural networks through multi-task learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a novel approach to addressing the adaptation effectiveness issue in parameter adaptation for deep neural network (DNN) based acoustic models for automatic speech recognition by adding one or more small auxiliary output layers modeling broad acoustic units, such as mono-phones or tied-state (often called senone) clusters. In scenarios with a limited amount of available adaptation data, most senones are usually rarely seen or not observed, and consequently the ability to model them in a new condition is often not fully exploited. With the original senone classification task as the primary task, and adding auxiliary mono-phone/senone-cluster classification as the secondary tasks, multi-task learning (MTL) is employed to adapt the DNN parameters. With the proposed MTL adaptation framework, we improve the learning ability of the original DNN structure, then enlarge the coverage of the acoustic space to deal with the unseen senone problem, and thus enhance the discrimination power of the adapted DNN models. Experimental results on the 20,000-word open vocabulary WSJ task demonstrate that the proposed framework consistently outperforms the conventional linear hidden layer adaptation schemes without MTL by providing 5.4% relative reduction in word error rate (WERR) with only 1 single adaptation utterance, and 10.7% WERR with 40 adaptation utterances against the un-adapted DNN models.