jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Outgassing Measurement for Vacuum Engineering

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this article, two common methods to evaluate the outgassing properties of vacuum system materials, thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and the method of switching between two pumping paths (SPP), are discussed. TDS can evaluate the outgassing properties of small samples, while SPP method can measure low outgassing rate, such as the case after baking. Ion gauges and/or quadrupole mass spectrometers (QMS) consist of the TDS and SPP setups. In these cases, QMS are typically calibrated using a standard conductance element (SCE). The calibration using the SCE enables the direct conversion of the QMS ion current into the gas flow rate.
Archaeological Monitoring for the Replacement of a Water Main and Fire Hydrants Bounded by Central Avenue, Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The COP Archaeology office reviewed the project, and provided recommendations in a May 17, 2007 Archaeological Assessment. The COP Archaeology Assessment notes that several prehistoric canals, the historic Maricopa Canal, and the historic Phoenix Railway have been previously recorded within the project area. In addition, an archaeological site is located within 250 feet (ft.) of the project area. The COP Archaeology Office recommended that monitoring be conducted within the plotted locations of the historic Phoenix Railway and the Maricopa Canal, for all portions of the project area that are located within 50 ft. of the prehistoric canals and within 250 ft. of Midvale. A segment of AZ T:12:224 (ASM) / Phoenix Street Railway and four separate canal features were found as a result of the monitoring. Additionally, a previously unrecorded site (AZ T:12:386 [ASM]) consisting of a deposit of historic trash, was discovered during construction activity located within the project area, but outside of the areas specified for monitoring.
A Study on Development of Performance Dance Contents Utilizing 3D Hologram

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 3D 홀로그램을 이용하여 무용공연 콘텐츠를 만들고자 할 때 이루어지는 공연절차나 양식에 대한 연구이다. 즉 무용과 영상이 결합한 새로운 형태의 공연 콘텐츠를 개발함으로써 작품의 예술적 상상력을 이끌어 내는 무용창작의 새로운 동력을 만들어 보자는 것이다. 우선 3D 무용공연콘텐츠를 만들기 위해 이라는 시놉시스를 창안하였고 이를 바탕으로 제작 수행을 위한 다섯 단계의 절차를 진행하였다.1단계의 절차는 기획구성이다. 2단계의 절차는 안무창작이다. 3단계의 절차는 영상창작이다. 4단계의 절차는 CG 편집이다. 5단계의 절차는 종합편집 및 홀로그램화이다. 그리고 마지막 단계인 6단계는 성과 및 검증이다. 공연콘텐츠 제작을 위한 추진전략은 공동화와 개별화, 그리고 통섭화의 과정을 통해 과제를 효율적으로 수행하고자 하였다. 마지막으로 3D홀로그램을 이용한 무용공연콘텐츠 효과로는 첫째, 무용과 기술분야의 혁신화 둘째, 기술의 효율적 활용 셋째, 2D와 3D홀로그램의 기능적 장점을 보유 넷째, 이동식 무대의 실현으로 이동과 설치가 용이 다섯째, 하이퍼리어리티의 감동을 전달 여섯째, 무용공연 분야의 새로운 패러다임을 제시할 수 있다는 것이다. 그리고 일곱째, 경제적, 교육적 파급효과를 고려한다면 무용콘텐츠의 진보적 결과라 할 수 있으며 여덟째, 새로운 무용학 연구 아젠다(agenda)를 제공할 뿐 아니라 아홉째, 한국춤이 가진 미적 표현의 확대화를 꾀할 수 있다는 것이다.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and respiratory chain defects in a rodent model of methotrexate-induced enteritis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The efficacy of methotrexate (MTX), a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, is limited by its gastrointestinal toxicity and the mechanism of which is not clear. The present study investigates the possible role of mitochondrial damage in MTX-induced enteritis. Small intestinal injury was induced in Wistar rats by the administration of 7 mg kg −1 body wt. MTX intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days. MTX administration resulted in severe small intestinal injury and extensive damage to enterocyte mitochondria. Respiratory control ratio, the single most useful and reliable test of mitochondrial function, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yll)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction, a measure of cell viability were significantly reduced in all the fractions of MTX-treated rat enterocytes. A massive decrease (nearly 70%) in the activities of complexes II and IV was also observed. The results of the present study suggest that MTX-induced damage to enterocyte mitochondria may play a critical role in enteritis. MTX-induced alteration in mitochondrial structure may cause its dysfunction and decreases the activities of the electron chain complexes. MTX-induced mitochondrial damage can result in reduced adenosine triphosphate synthesis, thereby interfering with nutrient absorption and enterocyte renewal. This derangement may contribute to malabsorption of nutrients, diarrhea, and weight loss seen in patients on MTX chemotherapy.
Ancient Near Eastern Treaties/Loyalty Oaths and Biblical Law

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The chapter surveys evidence from West Asian and Mesopotamian sources, focusing on texts written in Akkadian, Aramaic, Hebrew, and Hittite. Although modern scholarship distinguishes international treaties from domestic loyalty oaths, the difference is not recognized in ancient Near Eastern documents. Both types of agreements are discussed under five headings: relationships between treaties and other legal documents; the concept of the vassal treaty; forms; ratification; and covenants with gods. Each heading points to areas of ongoing research and discussion. These include the administration of oaths; difficulties in identifying vassal treaties; origin and development of treaty forms; and motivations for producing treaty documents. Among issues relevant to biblical studies are links between treaties and dynastic promises; categorization of biblical treaty texts; the role of sacrifice; and connections between covenants and vows.
Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine among Pregnant Women: A Comparative Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: COVID-19 vaccination is a critical intervention to restrict spread and reduce adverse outcomes of the pandemic especially among vulnerable population including pregnant women.Understanding the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance is critical to manage reasons of refusal and increase vaccine uptake.Aim: to compare the acceptance of COVID -19 vaccine among Egyptian and Saudi Arabian pregnant women.Design: A descriptive comparative study design.Settings: This study included two settings: antenatal clinics at the Obstetric and Gynecological center, Mansoura university hospital, Egypt and Shamsan health care center, Abha city, Saudi Arabia.Subjects: A purposive sample consisted of 520 pregnant women (260 from each country).Tools: A structured interview questionnaire included four parts: socio-demographic characteristics, Obstetric and medical data, women's acceptance regarding COVID -19 vaccine and level of trust toward COVID-19 vaccine.Results: Majority of the Egyptian and Saudi women were aware of COVID-19 Vaccine types.About two-thirds of the Saudi women accepted to take the vaccine compared to more than half of the Egyptian women.More than two thirds of the Egyptian women were strongly certain regarding Sinopharm, while the majority of Saudi women were strongly certain toward Pfizer vaccine.In addition, more than half of the Saudi women preferred to take the vaccine during pregnancy, but the Egyptian women preferred to take after delivery.Conclusion: Majority of women in both countries were aware of different vaccine types, but level of acceptance to take the vaccine during pregnancy was higher among Saudi than Egyptian women.Recommendations: Educational sessions regarding COVID-19 vaccination should be planned and targeting pregnant women to improve their acceptance and increase vaccine uptake.
Proteometric modelling of protein conformational stability using amino acid sequence autocorrelation vectors and genetic algorithm-optimised support vector machines

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The conformational stability of more than 1500 protein mutants was modelled by a proteometric approach using amino acid sequence autocorrelation vector (AASA) formalism. 48 amino acid/residue properties selected from the AAindex database weighted the AASA vectors. Genetic algorithm-optimised support vector machine (GA-SVM), trained with subset of AASA descriptors, yielded predictive classification and regression models of unfolding Gibbs free energy change (ΔΔG). Function mapping and binary SVM models correctly predicted about 50 and 80% of ΔΔG variances and signs in crossvalidation experiments, respectively. Test set prediction showed adequate accuracies about 70% for stable single and double point mutants. Conformational stability depended on autocorrelations at medium and long ranges in the mutant sequences of general structural, physico-chemical and thermodynamical properties relative to protein hydration process. A preliminary version of the predictor is available online at http://gibk21.bse.kyutech.ac.jp/llamosa/ddG-AASA/ddG_AASA.html.
The Dynamic Capabilities of International Retailers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Dynamic capabilities are relevant in management and internationalisation strategies of companies and retailers. This paper aims to analyse retailers' dynamic capabilities to understand whether divergences emerge in the cases of international companies versus retailers operating in their own domestic market. Through the application of an analysis model, which adapts the Teece framework to the specific features of retail companies, the study investigates three clusters of dynamic capabilities and measures 22 indicators for two different types of retailers. Results highlight significant differences in the capability of sensing the external and internal environment of the enterprise and in the capability of transforming the value proposition of the company.
Common Schools and Uncommon Conversations: Education, Religious Speech and Public Spaces

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Common Schools and Uncommon Conversations: Education, Religious Speech and Public Spaces Get access Kenneth A Strike Kenneth A Strike P.O. Box 174, Thendara, NY 13472, USA Correspondence: Kenneth A. Strike, P.O. Box 174, Thendara, NY 13472, USA. E-mail: kstrike@frontiernet.net. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 41, Issue 4, November 2007, Pages 693–708, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.2007.00585.x Published: 28 June 2008
Da possibilidade de Uma Fenomenologia implícita em Kant e Descartes Uma breve perspectiva

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, we will consider the following issue: the innovative dimension of E. Husserl’s phenomenology repeatedly finds in the philosophies of Descartes and Kant a clear obstacle for its full comprehension. After all, is it not the case that the former discipline is just an extension of the perspectives stated by those earlier philosophers? But, to state the idea of a hidden phenomenology in the philosophies of Descartes and Kant has not, as its unavoidable counterpart, the dependence and the full commitment of Husserl ‘s phenomenology with positive doctrines as the one sponsored by Descartes and Kant? And, if so, how can we rescue the idea of phenomenology as prima philosophia?
Radio Jet Proper-motion Analysis of Nine Distant Quasars above Redshift 3.5

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Up to now, jet kinematic studies of radio quasars have barely reached beyond the redshift range z > 3.5. This significantly limits our knowledge of high-redshift jets, which can provide key information for understanding the jet nature and the growth of black holes in the early universe. In this paper, we selected nine radio-loud quasars at z > 3.5 which display milliarcsecond-scale jet morphology. We provided evidence of the source nature by presenting high-resolution very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) images of the sample at 8.4 GHz frequency and making spectral index maps. We also consider Gaia optical positions that are available for seven out of the nine quasars for better identification of the jet components within the radio structures. We find that six sources can be classified as core–jet blazars. The remaining three objects are more likely young jetted radio sources, compact symmetric objects. By including multiepoch archival VLBI data, we also obtained jet component proper motions of the sample and estimated the jet kinematic and geometric parameters (Doppler factor, Lorentz factor, and viewing angle). Our results show that at z > 3.5, the jet’s apparent transverse speeds do not exceed 20 times the speed of light ( c ). This is consistent with earlier high-redshift quasar measurements in the literature and the tendency derived from low-redshift blazars that fast jet speeds (>40 c ) only occur at low redshifts. The results from this paper contribute to the understanding of the cosmological evolution of radio active galactic nuclei.
Construction of a recombinant lactobacillus strain expressing IL-10

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To construct a recombinant lactobacillus strain expressing IL-10. Methods A signal peptide sequence(sp) was synthesized and cloned into the integrative plasmid pIlac down-stream of lactose-inducible promoter.The recombined plasmid pIlac-sp-IL10 was then introduced into Lactobacillus casei(L.casei)CECT 5276 by electroporation.PCR with genomic DNA of the recombinant lactobacillus as the template was performed to confirm the integration of IL-10 gene into the chromosome.Western blot was used to detect the expression of the recombinant protein. Results The IL-10 gene had been integrated into the genome of L.casei,and the objective protein was partially secreted into the supernatant. Conclusions IL-10 was expressed by recombinant L.casei CECT 5276.
Defect Investigation of Plastically Deformed Al 5454 Wrought Alloy Using PADBS and Electrical Measurements

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Positron Annihilation Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy (PADPS) is a nondestructive technique used in materials science. Electrical measurements are one of the oldest techniques also used in materials science. This paper aims to discuss the availability of using both PADPS and electrical measurements as diagnostic techniques to detect defects in a set of plastically deformed 5454 wrought aluminum alloys. The results of the positron annihilation measurements and the electrical measurements were analyzed in terms of the two-state trapping model. This model can be used to investigate both the defect and dislocation densities of the samples under investigation. Results obtained by both nuclear and electrical techniques have been reported.
Analysis of Risk Factors Affecting Safety of Supercritical Steam Generator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Supercritical steam generator is a complex system, many factors affect its safety. According to relevant laws, regulations and standards, from three aspects including equipment conditions, operating conditions and technical management, the risk factors of supercritical steam generator are comprehensively analyzed. And a multi-level structure model is developed on the basis of above analysis. The results improve the safety management level of supercritical steam generator, and provide an important and scientific basis for the safety evaluation of supercritical steam generator.
Possibilities of transabdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of the pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of the current research is to investigate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography of the pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease. There were 29 children examined with clinical and endoscopic signs of gastroesophageal reflux in each of three age categories: less than 1 year, 1—6 years, and 7—14 years. The examination of abdominal esophagus, stomach and duodenum was conducted with the ultrasound scanner Ultrasonik. The abdominal esophagus was measured from its entrance into the diaphragm to the base of gastric folds. We also measured the diameter of esophagus, the width of lumen, thikness and structure of wall, and the His's angle. The most freqent symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux were the enlargement in diameter of esophagus and the thikening of abdominal esophagus wall, which were observed in 75,9% and 82,8% of cases correspondingly. It was noted that the enlargement of abdominal esophagus lumen happens on an empty stomach and after exercising in water in 44,8% of cases. 37,9% of children with gastroesophageal reflux have His's angle of 90 degrees. Gastroesophageal reflux was registered in 27,6% of cases. If children ranging in older age have enlargement in diameter of esophagus and the thikening of abdominal esophagus wall, it is the evidence of the incompetence of cardia and reflux esophagitis. Neonates with the syndrome of posseting are observed to have insignificant extention of abdominal part of esophagus (equal to 6—7 mm), it may be regarded as morphofunctional immaturity of lower esophagus sphincter.
Extended Flow Matching: a Method of Conditional Generation with Generalized Continuity Equation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The task of conditional generation is one of the most important applications of generative models, and numerous methods have been developed to date based on the celebrated flow-based models. However, many flow-based models in use today are not built to allow one to introduce an explicit inductive bias to how the conditional distribution to be generated changes with respect to conditions. This can result in unexpected behavior in the task of style transfer, for example. In this research, we introduce extended flow matching (EFM), a direct extension of flow matching that learns a "matrix field" corresponding to the continuous map from the space of conditions to the space of distributions. We show that we can introduce inductive bias to the conditional generation through the matrix field and demonstrate this fact with MMOT-EFM, a version of EFM that aims to minimize the Dirichlet energy or the sensitivity of the distribution with respect to conditions. We will present our theory along with experimental results that support the competitiveness of EFM in conditional generation.
A study on the metaverse, digital sex crimes, and legislative countermeasures in preparation for the future

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

메타버스 플랫폼에 전 세계의 관심이 집중되고 있는데, 기업에서는 이윤추구를 위해서, 이용자들은 비대면 방식의 교류를 위해서, 정부에 서는 코로나 사태로부터의 교훈을 통해 미래를 대비하기 위해서 등 각 자 입장은 다르지만, 공통적으로 메타버스의 활성화를 기대하고 있는 것이 사실이다. 이렇듯 메타버스는 우리에게 또 다른 기회로 급부상하 고 있으나, 메타버스 플랫폼에 직접적으로 적용될 입법의 부재로 인해 최근 들어 범죄의 온상이 되어가고 있다. 플랫폼 내에서 성적인 대화 를 주고받는 건 일상이 되었고, 유사 성행위 강요도 다반사다. 직접적 인 신체 접촉만 없을 뿐, 지속적인 성적 괴롭힘에 이어 자극적인 성폭 력 역시 비일비재하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 메타버스 플랫폼에서 아바타와 실제 사용자를 대상으로 한 디지털 성범죄의 방지를 위해 법적인 대응 방안 마련에 비중을 두도록 한다. 이러한 논의를 위해 메타버스와 디지털 성범죄에 대해서 간략하게 개관해보고, 최근 국회에 제안되어 계류 중인 디지털 성범죄 대응 4법 가운데 가장 유의미한 정보통신망법 일부개정법률안 의 한계점 분석 및 검토의견 제시를 하고자 한다.
The Equity and Effectiveness of Achieving Canada’s Voluntary Sodium Reduction Guidance Targets: A Modelling Study Using the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey—Nutrition

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: High sodium intake is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study estimated full compliance to Canada’s voluntary sodium reduction guidance (SRG) targets on social inequities and population sodium intake. Methods: We conducted a modeling study using n = 19,645, 24 h dietary recalls (Canadians ≥ 2 years) from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey—Nutrition (2015 CCHS-N). Multivariable linear regressions were used to estimate mean sodium intake in measured (in the 2015 CCHS-N) and modelled (achieving SRG targets) scenarios across education, income and food security. The percentage of Canadians with sodium intakes above chronic disease risk reduction (CDRR) thresholds was estimated using the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) method. Results: In children aged 2–8, achieving SRG targets reduced mean sodium intake differences between food secure and insecure households from 271 mg/day (95%CI: 75,468) to 83 mg/day (95%CI: −45,212); a finding consistent across education and income. Mean sodium intake inequities between low and high education households were eliminated for females aged 9–18 (96 mg/day, 95%CI: −149,341) and adults aged 19 and older (males: 148 mg/day, 95%CI: −30,327; female: −45 mg/day, 95%CI: −141,51). Despite these declines (after achieving the SRG targets) the majority of Canadians’ are above the CDRR thresholds. Conclusion: Achieving SRG targets would eliminate social inequities in sodium intake and reduce population sodium intake overall; however, additional interventions are required to reach recommended sodium levels.
Reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae among animals sympatric to humans in Senegal: extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in bacteria in a black rat (Rattus rattus)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) In Senegal, rectal swabs from cattle, wild rodents and chiropterans were cultured for Enterobacteriaceae. Isolates were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Two cefotaxime-resistant isolates were found in a black rat (Rattus rattus): a multiresistant Escherichia coli with blaCTX-M-15 gene and Enterobacter cloacae resistant to ampicillin and cephalotin with blaTEM-52b gene. Sympatric rats in Senegal may represent an important reservoir for antibiotic-resistant. Enterobacteriaceae including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing isolates.
Probing Decaying Dark Matter Using the Post-EoR HI 21-cm signal

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We propose the HI 21-cm power spectrum from the post-reionization epoch as a probe of a cosmological model with decaying dark matter particles. The unstable particles are assumed to undergo a 2-body decay into a massless and massive daughter. We assume that a fraction $f$ of the total dark matter budget to be unstable and quantify the decay using the life time $Γ^{-1}$ and the relative mass splitting $ε$ between the parent and the massive daughter. The redshift space anisotropic power spectrum of the post-reionization 21-cm signal brightness temperature, as a tracer of the dark matter clustering, imprints the decaying dark matter model through its effect on background evolution and the suppression of power on small scales. We find that with an idealized futuristic intensity mapping experiment with a SKA1-Mid like radio-array, $ε$ and $Γ$ can be measured at $3.37\%$ and $6.86\%$ around their fiducial values of $ε= 0.012$ and $Γ= 0.008 {\rm Gyr}^{-1}$ respectively. When only the foreground-free window is considered in the $k-$ space, these percentage errors in $ε$ and $Γ$ degrade to $9.91\%$ and $12.03\%$ respectively.The forecasts under identical assumptions for a second, literature-anchored benchmark ($ε=1.14\times10^{-4}$, $Γ=1.04\times10^{-3}\,\mathrm{Gyr}^{-1}$) yields projected uncertainties of $6.16\%$ on $ε$ and $8.29\%$ on $Γ$ while, restricting to the foreground-free window increases these to $18.77\%$ and $14.22\%$, respectively.
New records of the Ethiopian long-eared bat Plecotus balensis in central Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The diversity of bats in Ethiopia comprises at least 80 species, among them the Ethiopian long-eared bat that was described in 2000. It is most likely endemic to the highlands of Ethiopia. However, knowledge of the distribution of the species is limited. During a bat survey in 12 regions of central Ethiopia stretched over 700 km along the Ethiopian Rift, we trapped long-eared bats at sites in three regions and confirmed the species' identity by molecular analysis. All occurrence sites of P. balensis were above 2500 m, confirming this taxon as a high-altitude species. Two of the regions are additions to the known range of P. balensis but it is most likely present in more high-altitude areas of Ethiopia than currently known. Additional surveys in so far unsampled areas are therefore indicated.