jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Positive Feedback II: How Dust Coagulation inside Vortices Can Form Planetesimals at Low Metallicity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The origin of planetesimals ($\sim$100 km planet building blocks) has confounded astronomers for decades, as numerous growth barriers appear to impede their formation. In a recent paper we proposed a novel interaction where the streaming instability (SI) and dust coagulation work in tandem, with each one changing the environment in a way that benefits the other. This mechanism proved effective at forming planetesimals in the fragmentation-limited inner disk, but much less effective in the drift-limited outer disk, concluding that dust traps may be key to forming planets at wide orbital separations. Here we explore a different hypothesis: That vortices host a feedback loop in which a vortex traps dust, boosting dust coagulation, which in turn boosts vortex trapping. We combine an analytic model of vortex trapping with an analytic model of fragmentation limited grain growth that accounts for how dust concentration dampens gas turbulence. We find a powerful synergy between vortex trapping and dust growth. For $α\le 10^{-3}$ and solar-like metallicity this feedback loop consistently takes the grain size and dust density into the planetesimal formation region of the streaming instability (SI). Only in the regime of strong turbulence ($α\ge 3\times 10^{-3}$) does the system often converge to a steady state below the SI criterion. The combination of vortex trapping with dust coagulation is an even more powerful mechanism than the one involving the SI. It is effective at lower metallicity and across the whole disk -- anywhere that vortices form.
Tool For Discrete Event Simulation In Matlab

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper introduces a new tool for programmed discrete event simulation in Matlab. As Matlab’s language became one of the most frequently taught languages for computations in mathematics, statistics, and operations research, we need a simple to use and fast to learn tool for creation of simple and mediumscale simulation models. Moreover we need a tool where the code is clearly visible and where all functions like generation of random numbers are directly under user’s control. This is caused by the need to incorporate simulation models into various outer algorithms for repetitive experiments, variance reduction techniques, and simulation-based optimization. We believe that the tool satisfies the requirements. Basic ideas of its implementation are presented together with an example simulation of a queuing network and an optimization by simulation example.
Abnormal drone noise detection system based on the microphone array and self-supervised learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The drone noise mainly comes from its rotating blades, providing plentiful information of the status of the drone. In the production line, the abnormal sound detection system has the advantages of no contact and simple deployment and can help to locate the fault products at relatively low costs. Therefore, this paper develops an abnormal drone noise detection system based on the microphone array and self-supervised learning. The microphone array is a part of the data acquisition module to pick up the drone noise. There are eight microphones in the array, forming four differential microphone pairs. Each of them is pointing to a blade of the drone. A four-channel noise sample is recorded and then analyzed. It is worth noting that drone noise samples are extremely unbalanced, because abnormal samples are difficult to encounter. Hence, a self-supervised learning strategy is adopted by creating auxiliary classification tasks to fine tune representations of the normal drone noise samples. With the consideration of low-complexity, the trained neural network models can be finally deployed even on a Raspberry Pi system with no graphic cards.
Management of incomplete transposition of mandibular lateral incisor using removable appliances: Two case reports

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The aim of this case report was to present treatment of two cases involving the incomplete transposition of a mandibular lateral incisor to a canine site using two different removable appliances. The two 8-year-old girls were referred to our clinic from a general dentist with a complaint of a malpositioned permanent mandibular lateral incisor. Based on the clinical and radiographic examination, a treatment plan was devised. The plan was to correct the transposition and the axial inclination and rotation of the lateral incisor with a removable appliance as the patient was in the mixed dentition stage. The appliances were constructed with 2 adams clasps and a modified vestibular arch on which a crimpable hook was welded. A button was attached to the lingual surfaces of the lateral incisors, and a 1/8 light elastics was placed between the button and crimpable hook in both two patients. The patients were evaluated every 2 weeks with an appointment. At the end of the treatment, the ectopically erupted lateral incisors were uprighted and aligned in their normal positions in the dental arch. In early mixed dentition period, if transposition is suspected, with early and correct diagnosis and with sufficient forethought a pediatric dentist may avoid the need for fixed orthodontic treatment.
Public libraries in Portugal: Results of a survey conducted during 1982 and 1983

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Apresenta resultados de um levantamento que objetivou identificar a situacao das bibliotecas publicas, mantidas por conselhos municipais, no Portugal continental. Analisa questoes sobre organizacao e administracao, acervos, mao-de-obra, acomodacoes e equipamento, financas, processos tecnicos, acesso ao conteudo e seus instrumentos, classificacao, catalogacao e servicos das bibliotecas. Conclui que a situacao atual das bibliotecas em alguns municipios esta longe do ideal, nao permitindo, ainda, a formacao de um servico nacional de bibliotecas publicas. As recomendacoes incluem, entre outras, a identificacao de bibliotecas publicas com bom potencial de desenvolvimento, que possam vir a ser projetos-piloto que, com o suporte do governo central e das autoridades locais, poderiam prover a base para o desenvolvimento de uma moderna rede de bibliotecas publicas para o pais.
Assessment of the Provision of Economic Security in the Central Federal District: Social Accents

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The aim of our study is to analyze how the government can ensure economic security in a socially oriented economy and to develop measures for improving the economic effectiveness of the Central Federal District (CFD). Most of the social indicators we analyzed fail to reach their threshold value, which corresponds to low (pre-crisis) and crisis levels. We provide a model for comparing actual and threshold values based on the statistical normalization of various social indicators. Based on the results of our study, we assess the economic security of the Central Federal District as low (i.e., pre-crisis) and propose a number of measures to improve the effectiveness of the government to ensure economic security.
Evaluation of a Capillary Electrophoresis Method for Routine Determination of Hemoglobins A2 and F

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Hemoglobin A2 (Hb A2) and hemoglobin F (Hb F) are important analytes in the diagnosis and follow up of Hb diseases. We evaluated a new capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) kit for Hb A2 and Hb F measurements. The imprecision ranged from 3% to 6% for Hb A2 and Hb F at physiological and pathological concentrations. The method compared well with cation-exchange HPLC for Hb A2 and Hb F and with anion-exchange chromatography in microcolumns (MAEC), for Hb A2. Nevertheless, higher results were obtained [Hb A2 CZE (%) = 1.233 Hb A2 HPLC − 0.2; Hb A2 CZE (%) = 1.190 Hb A2 MAEC + 0.1; Hb FCZE (%) = 1.118 Hb FHPLC + 0.4], and new reference values had to be determined (Hb A2 2.7–3.8%; Hb F &lt;1.2%). Quantification of Hb A2 was not influenced by Hb S. Measurement of Hb F was accurate and precise except at low concentrations in Hb AS patients. This new CZE kit is rapid, precise, and reliable, and seems appropriate for use in clinical laboratories.
Comic Transformations in Shakespeare (by Ruth Nevo); The Comic in Renaissance Comedy (by David Farley-Hills)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Comic Transformations in Shakespeare (by Ruth Nevo); The Comic in Renaissance Comedy (by David Farley-Hills) Get access Comic Transformations in Shakespeare. By Ruth Nevo. London and New York: Methuen, 1980. Pp. 242. $22.00 cloth, $9.95 paper.The Comic in Renaissance Comedy. By David Farley-Hills. Totowa, New Jersey: Barnes & Noble, 1981. Pp. x + 189. $26.50. Maurice Charney Maurice Charney Maurice Charney, Distinguished Professor of English at Rutgers University, is the author of Shakespeare’s Roman Plays, Style in “Hamlet”, and How to Read Shakespeare. He is at work on a new book on Hamlet called tentatively “Hamlet” as Comedy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shakespeare Quarterly, Volume 33, Issue 4, Winter 1982, Pages 542–544, https://doi.org/10.2307/2870155 Published: 01 December 1982
Higher-Order INAR Model Based on a Flexible Innovation and Application to COVID-19 and Gold Particles Data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

INAR models have the great advantage of being able to capture the conditional distribution of a count time series based on their past observations, thus allowing it to be tailored to meet the unique characteristics of count data. This paper reviews the two-parameter Poisson extended exponential (PEE) distribution and its corresponding INAR(1) process. Then the INAR of order p (INAR(p)) model that incorporates PEE innovations is proposed, its statistical properties are presented, and its parameters are estimated using conditional least squares and conditional maximum likelihood estimation methods. Two practical data sets are analyzed and compared with competing INAR models in an effort to gauge the performance of the proposed model. It is found that the proposed model performs better than the competitors.
Profit and Concentration in Commercial Automobile Insurance Losses

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Pricing of commercial insurance has generally been thought to be more competitive than that of personal insurance. For this reason, there has been little academic interest in the impact of market structure on insurer profitability for these lines, despite findings of such a relationship in other lines. This study examines whether such a relationship exists for commercial automobile insurance and finds that states with higher levels of concentration have higher average profit margins. This is consistent with the results of Bajtelsmit and Bouzouita (1998) on market structure and performance in personal auto lines. Other variables that are important determinants of profitability include the direct writers’ share of the market, state-wide productivity growth, and lagged interest.
Increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the upper atmosphere observed by SABER

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Carbon dioxide measurements made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument between 2002 and 2014 were analyzed to reveal the rate of increase of CO2 in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The CO2 data show a trend of ~5% per decade at ~80 km and below, in good agreement with the tropospheric trend observed at Mauna Loa. Above 80 km, the SABER CO2 trend is larger than in the lower atmosphere, reaching ~12% per decade at 110 km. The large relative trend in the upper atmosphere is consistent with results from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). On the other hand, the CO2 trend deduced from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model remains close to 5% everywhere. The spatial coverage of the SABER instrument allows us to analyze the CO2 trend as a function of latitude for the first time. The trend is larger in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere mesopause above 80 km. The agreement between SABER and ACE-FTS suggests that the rate of increase of CO2 in the upper atmosphere over the past 13 years is considerably larger than can be explained by chemistry-climate models.
THE EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL SALINITY LEVELS AND THE GRAIN YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF BARLEY GROWN ON STUBBLE LAND

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of fertilizer P, N and N-P combined on barley grain yield and protein content when grown on stubble land ranging widely in surface salinity (0–60 cm depth) was tested. Critical salinity levels were calculated from linear regression equations derived from sampling sites with surface salinity levels [Formula: see text]. Added P did not appear to affect the salt tolerance of barley. Yield increases due to fertilizer N were reduced rapidly as soil salinity levels increased and in one trial appeared to reduce the tolerance of barley to salinity. Calculated salinity levels at 50% and zero yield of N-fertilized barley were lower than for barley not fertilized with N. Calculated salinity levels at zero yield for the control and P treatments were 18.5 and 15.1 mS∙cm −1 , respectively. These levels compared favorably with values reported in the literature for barley grown on saline fallowed land. Protein content of barley grain increased with an addition of N and with salinity. The latter fact could be largely explained by a strong positive correlation between soil salinity and soil NO 3 − -N levels and to a lesser degree by a reduction in yield with increasing salinity. Key words: Salinity, barley, fertilizer effects, yield, protein
Nanotubes on Display: How Carbon Nanotubes Can Be Integrated into Electronic Displays

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Random networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes show promise for use in the field of flexible electronics. Nanotube networks have been difficult to utilize because of the mixture of electronic types synthesized when grown. A variety of separation techniques have been developed, but few can readily be scaled up. Despite this issue, when metallic percolation pathways can be separated out or etched away, these networks serve as high-quality thin-film transistors with impressive device characteristics. A new article in this issue illustrates this point and the promise of these materials. With more work, these devices can be implemented in transparent displays in the next generation of hand-held electronics.
STUDY OF THE ANATOMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE RAW MATERIAL OF IRIS SCARIOSA L., GROWING IN THE TERRITORY OF CENTRAL KAZAKHSTAN

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aim. Study of the anatomical and morphological analysis of the above-ground and underground parts of Iris scariosa L. , as well as identification of diagnostic characteristics. Materials and methods. The object of the study were the above-ground and underground parts of Iris scariosa Willd. ex Link , collected in Central Kazakhstan (Karaganda region) in May-July 2024. The identification of raw materials was carried out at the Department of Botany of the Biological and Geographical Faculty of Buketov Karaganda University NC JSC. During the study, cross-sections and surface preparations of both above-ground and underground plant organs were prepared. Results and discussion. The results of the analysis allowed us to identify characteristic features of the structure of the organs of Iris scariosa L. , which is important for understanding its biology and potential use in medicine. In addition, the study identified diagnostic features that can be used in pharmacognosy to identify and confirm the authenticity of plant materials. Conclusions. The obtained data on the structure of leaves, flowers and rhizomes are of great importance for understanding the biology of the plant and its adaptation to the conditions of Central Kazakhstan. The results of this study can serve as a basis for further work on studying the biological properties of Iris scariosa L. and its potential use in medicine and pharmaceuticals.
Sixty Years of Event Processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter gives a brief review on how event processing has been a basis for developing various technologies over the past sixty years. These developments happened very rapidly, one after the other, and they are all established technologies today—big business, as it happens. Four technology movements have arisen during the past sixty years, all of them based upon processing different types of events and for very different purposes. They are Discrete Event Simulation, Networks, Databases, and the Middleware movement—which includes many developments such as event driven Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA), Enterprise Service Buses (ESBs), and Event Driven Architectures (EDAs) and the ascent of newer event-based ideas continues with business processes, business intelligence systems, and the like. Each of these technologies led to problems that provided a demand for solutions involving Complex Event Processing (CEP) concepts and applications. Some of the most important requirements were for new kinds of real-time analysis tools and more sophisticated triggering and real-time control logic in enterprise business processes.
Traumatic Pneumopericardium in A 14-Year-Old Adolescent: A Report of a Rare Case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pneumopericardium is a rare condition defined by the presence of air within the pericardial cavity. We report the clinical case of a 14-year-old adolescent girl admitted to the emergency department following a fall from the third floor (a suicide attempt). The aim of this article is to highlight the importance of prompt and multidisciplinary management of this uncommon pediatric entity.
Comparing Infiltration Models to Estimate Infiltration Potential at Henry V Events

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

It is useful to estimate infiltration rates and potentials for several reasons. Information about infiltration at a site may be to evaluate surface irrigation systems, to predict hydrologic conditions, and to solve many other problems (Ojha, et al., 2017). This thesis project is based on my engineering capstone project, which is to design a solution to control erosion in the soil bed adjacent to Henry V Events. There is erosion in the soil bed due to stormwater runoff from the roof, and due to the sloped soil bed which encourages the overland flow. The objective of this thesis is to estimate the infiltration rates and potentials at the site for a six year, four hour storm event using the Green-Ampt and Philip models. This will determine if only the soil bed slope can be changed to prevent erosion, or if soil bed improvements should ensue. The most conservative estimate was calculated using the Philip model and resulted in an infiltration rate of 0.77 cm/hr and an infiltration potential of 4.27 cm. This estimate determined that the soil would not be able to infiltrate the flow from the roof, and soil bed improvements will be recommended to Henry V Events. The soil suction head from the Green-Ampt model was estimated, as well as the length of the wetting front from the Philip model. A second analysis was performed using the infiltration models by varying the soil suction head and wetting front length for their respective models. The results showed how different soil suction heads and wetting front lengths change the infiltration rates and potentials for the four hour storm. There was a greater variability in the infiltration rates and potentials for both models with samples that had lower initial moisture contents.
Comparative study of infrared thermography, ultrasonic C-scan, X-ray computed tomography and terahertz imaging on composite materials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

L’évaluation non destructive (NDT) des matériaux composites est compliquée en raison de la vaste gamme de défauts rencontrés (y compris délaminage, microfissuration, fracture de la fibre, retrait des fibres, fissuration matricielle, inclusions, vides et dommages aux chocs). La capacité de caractériser quantitativement le type, la géométrie et l’orientation des défauts est essentielle. La thermographie infrarouge (IRT), en tant que technique de diagnostic d’image, peut satisfaire le besoin industriel croissant de NDT&E. Dans la thèse, la thermographie par excitation optique et mécanique a été utilisée pour étudier différents matériaux composites, dont 1) des préformes sèches en fibres de carbone, 2) des composites de fibres naturelles, 3) des composites hybrides de basalte-fibres de carbone soumis à une charge d’impact (séquence de type sandwich et séquence d’empilement intercalé), 4) des défauts micro-dimensionnés dans un composite polymère renforcé de fibre de carbone (CFRP) en 3D avec une couture de type « joint en T », et 5) des peintures sur toile qui peuvent être considérées comme des matériaux composites. Une nouvelle technique IRT de thermographie de ligne par micro-laser (micro-LLT) a été proposée pour l’évaluation des porosités submillimétriques dans le CFRP. La microscopie de points par micro-laser (micro-LST) et la micro-vibrothermographie (micro-VT) ont également été présentées avec l’utilisation de microlentilles. La thermographie pulsée (PT) et la thermographie modulée « à verrouillage » (LT) ont été comparées à la tomographie par rayons X (TC) pour validation. Le C-scan ultrasonore (UT) et l’imagerie par ondes tera-hertziennes en onde continue (CW THz) ont également été réalisés à des fins comparatives. L’inspection par techniques thermographiques est une question ouverte à discuter pour le public scientifique. En fait, la thermographie par impulsions (PPT) basée sur la transformation de phase a été utilisée pour estimer la profondeur des dommages. Pour traiter les données thermographiques, on a également utilisé la reconstruction de signal thermographique de base (B-TSR), la thermographie des composants principaux (PCT) et la thermographie des moindres carrés partiels (PLST). Enfin, une analyse complète et comparative basée sur le diagnostic d’images thermographiques a été menée en vue d’applications industrielles potentielles.
Adult Pornography, Male Peer Support, and Violence Against Women

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is estimated that there are over a million pornographic sites on the Internet, with as many as 10,000 added every week. In addition to having a major financial impact, adult pornography is strongly associated with various types of violence against women, especially sexual assault. Some studies have found that the contribution of pornography to woman abuse in dating, marriage, and during or after separation/divorce is related to male peer support, which refers to the attachments to male peers and the resources they provide that perpetuate and legitimate woman abuse. The main objective of this chapter is twofold: (1) to review the extant social scientific research on the relationship between violence against women, male peer support, and adult Internet pornography and (2) to suggest new directions in empirical work on the association between these three social problems.