jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quantum Thermodynamic Force and Flow

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Why do quantum evolutions occur and why do they stop at certain points? In classical thermodynamics affinity was introduced to predict in which direction an irreversible process proceeds. In this paper the quantum mechanical counterpart of classical affinity is found. It is shown that the quantum version of affinity can predict in which direction a process evolves. A new version of the second law of thermodynamics is derived through quantum affinity for energy-incoherent state interconversion under thermal operations. we will also see that the quantum affinity can be a good candidate to be responsible, as a force, for driving the flow and backflow of information in Markovian and non-Markovian evolutions. Finally we show that the rate of quantum coherence can be interpreted as the pure quantum mechanical contribution of the total thermodynamic force and flow. Thus It is seen that, from a thermodynamic point of view, any interaction from the outside with the system or any measurement on the system may be represented by a quantum affinity.
Improved method for higher dynamics in sensorless position detection

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Numerous methods have been published for sensorless detection of the rotor position in PM synchronous motors (PMSM) by evaluating the magnetic anisotropy. In this paper, the one based on the injection of an alternating voltage carrier is considered. It is able to detect the anisotropy, and by its means the rotorpsilas position, without any additional hardware or modifications on the samplings times. It will be shown that the observerpsilas dynamics is bounded by the carrier frequency. The carrier is usually sinusoidal and with a frequency of about 1/4 of the switching frequency or lower. As a measure to improve the dynamics of the position observation, a square wave carrier with the highest possible frequency, namely the switching frequency, will be used. In addition, the carrier response will be decoupled from the controlled q-current in order to avoid the usual bandpass filter. This filter would introduce a significant delay in the observer loop. The frequency increase, together with the removal of the filter allows a faster time response in the position estimation. Experimental results showing the improvements in the estimationpsilas dynamics are presented.
Dynamic Model of the VVER-1000 Reactor for Seismic and LB LOCA Evaluation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The assessment of seismic and dynamic strength for the VVER-1000 reactor with emphasis on fuel assemblies interaction is carried out based on experience for Ukrainian NPPs. Evaluation of fuel assembly structural response to externally applied forces is based on NUREG-800 “Standard Review Plan”, item 4.2 “Design of fuel systems”. The analysis considered two types of events: Safety Shutdown Earthquake (SSE) and Large break Loss Of Coolant Accident (LB LOCA). As LB LOCA for the VVER-1000 – “Maximum design accident” Recirculation Line Break is considered. For the analysis of the initial dynamics, the 3D CFD model (ANSYS CFX) of the VVER-1000 was adapted to account for the two-phase flow. To take into account the transience of the phase transition during depressurization, a special model of interphase exchange is proposed, which takes into account not only the nonequilibrium temperature, but also the features of the pressure change by analogy with cavitation. For full dynamic analysis, it is necessary to develop an analytical and/or FEM model of the reactor, which will include reactor elements, their masses stiffness and inertia characteristics. The developed model is validated against experimental data of natural frequencies of fuel assembles, for uncompressed and compressed working position, also with and without fluid influence. The seismic analysis consider the available response spectra for NPP site with 3-component seismic impact of SSE level. Another important issue is to analyze reactor elements interaction and in case of need, to account for the non-linear behavior of the model. The seismic and LOCA impact at the location of fixation of the fuel assemblies (lower and upper support plates) is calculated by taking into account the dynamic response of the reactor system as a whole. After demonstrating the seismic/dynamic stability of the fuel assemblies and the reactor internals, a justified conclusion is provided on preserving the safety factor for fuel assembles at both loadings.
The productivity paradox of information technology

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

article Free Access Share on The productivity paradox of information technology Author: Erik Brynjolfsson View Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 36Issue 12Dec. 1993pp 66–77https://doi.org/10.1145/163298.163309Published:01 December 1993Publication History 215citation25,352DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations215Total Downloads25,352Last 12 Months2,602Last 6 weeks235 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Nuclear transport of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, visna virus, and equine infectious anemia virus Rev proteins: identification of a family of transferable nuclear export signals

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev trans activator binds directly to unspliced viral mRNA in the nucleus and activates its transport to the cytoplasm. In additon to the sequences that confer RNA binding and nuclear localization, Rev has a carboxy-terminal region, the activation domain, whose integrity is essential for biological activity. Because it has been established that Rev constitutively exits and reenters the nucleus and that the activation domain is required for nuclear exit, it has been proposed that Rev's activation domain is a nuclear export signal (NES). Here, we used microinjection-based assays to demonstrate that the activation domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev imparts rapid nuclear export after its transfer to heterologous substrates. NES- mediated export is specific, as it is sensitive both to inactivation by missense mutation and to selective inhibition by an excess of the wild-type, but not mutant, activation domain peptide. Examination of the Rev trans activators of two nonprimate lentiviruses, visna virus and equine infectious anemia virus, revealed that their activation domains are also potent NESs. Taken together, these data demonstrate that nuclear export can be determined by positively acting peptide motifs, namely, NESs, and suggest that Rev proteins activate viral RNA transport by providing export ribonucleoproteins with specific information that targets them to the cytoplasm.
Entrepreneurship and Multinationals: Global Business and the Making of the Modern World. ByGeoffrey Jones. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar, 2013. ix + 225 pp. Tables, bibliography, notes, index. Cloth, $115.00. ISBN: 978-1-7819-5194-1.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Entrepreneurship and Multinationals: Global Business and the Making of the Modern World. ByGeoffrey Jones. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar, 2013. ix + 225 pp. Tables, bibliography, notes, index. Cloth, $115.00. ISBN: 978-1-7819-5194-1. - Volume 89 Issue 3
Acute effects of fatigue on internal and external load variables determining cyclists’ power profile

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to determine whether fatigue affects internal and external load variables determining power profile in cyclists. Ten cyclists performed outdoor power profile tests (lasting 1-, 5 and 20-min) on two consecutive days, subject either to a fatigued condition or not. Fatigue was induced by undertaking an effort (10-min at 95% of average power output obtained in a 20-min effort followed by 1-min maximum effort) until the power output decreased by 20% compared to the 1-min power output. Fatigued condition decreased power output (p < 0.05, 1-min: 9.0 ± 3.8%; 5-min: 5.9 ± 2.5%; 20-min: 4.1 ± 1.9%) and cadence in all test durations, without differences in torque. Lactate decreased in longer efforts when a fatigue protocol had previously been conducted (e.g., 20-min: 8.6 ± 3.0 vs. 10.9 ± 2.7, p < 0.05). Regression models (r2 ≥ 0.95, p < 0.001) indicated that a lower variation in load variables of 20-min in fatigued condition compared with the non-fatigued state resulted in a lower decrease in critical power after the fatigue protocol. The results suggest that fatigued condition on power was more evident in shorter efforts and seemed to rely more on a decrease in cadence than on torque.
ELMOD2 regulates mitochondrial fusion in a mitofusin-dependent manner, downstream of ARL2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mitochondria are essential and dynamic organelles undergoing constant fission and fusion. The primary players in mitochondrial morphology (MFN1/2, OPA1, DRP1) have been identified, but their mechanism(s) of regulation are still being elucidated. ARL2 is a regulatory GTPase that has previously been shown to play a role in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology. Here we demonstrate that ELMOD2, an ARL2 GTPase-activating protein (GAP), is necessary for ARL2 to promote mitochondrial elongation. We show that loss of ELMOD2 causes mitochondrial fragmentation and a lower rate of mitochondrial fusion, while ELMOD2 overexpression promotes mitochondrial tubulation and increases the rate of fusion in a mitofusin-dependent manner. We also show that a mutant of ELMOD2 lacking GAP activity is capable of promoting fusion, suggesting that ELMOD2 does not need GAP activity to influence mitochondrial morphology. Finally, we show that ELMOD2, ARL2, Mitofusins 1 and 2, Miros 1 and 2, and mitochondrial phospholipase D (mitoPLD) all localize to discrete, regularly spaced puncta along mitochondria. These results suggest that ELMOD2 is functioning as an effector downstream of ARL2 and upstream of the mitofusins to promote mitochondrial fusion. Our data provide insights into the pathway by which mitochondrial fusion is regulated in the cell.
Structure of the glomic arteries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The structure of the arteries which supply blood to the carotid bodies was examined in five cases in which the weights of the cardiac ventricles were normal and in which hypoxaemia due to emphysema or systemic hypertension were absent. The right glomic arteries were studied by light microscopy, and the left by electron microscopy. A sixth case, also free from myocardial hypertrophy, was used solely for an examination of the common carotid artery, the carotid sinus and the internal carotid artery by light and electron microscopy. The glomic arteries resembled the carotid sinus in being highly elastic with a rich supply of non‐myelinated nerve fibres and thus had a structure consistent with having a baroreceptor function.
Inhibition Effect Of Brazilin To Human Bladder Cancer Cell Line T24

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The inhibition effect of brazilin to human bladder tumor cell line T24 in vitro and in vivo was studied. The results of the in vitro experiments showed that brazilin has strong inhibition activity on the target cells. The inhibition ratio of 100 μg/mL brazilin and 100 μg/mL mitomycin to the target cells was 90.90 % and 63.24 % respectively, which showed that brazilin has higher inhibition activity than mitomycin under the same concentration. Brazilin could induce cell apoptosis in T24 cells. Significant antitumor activity of brazilin was also showed in the animals experiments. The life extention rate of 200 mg/mL, 300 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg brazilin intraperitoneally injected into Balb/c-nu-nu nude mice that with human bladder cancer were 51.50 %, 56.90 %, and 58.42 %(P<0.05). Our study showed that brazilin has significant inhibitory effect on human bladder tumor cell.
Microstructural and Nanomechanical Characterization of In-Situ He Implanted and Irradiated fcc Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article Microstructural and Nanomechanical Characterization of In-Situ He Implanted and Irradiated fcc Materials Get access P Hosemann, P Hosemann University of California at Berkeley, Department of Nuclear Engineering Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D Frazer, D Frazer University of California at Berkeley, Department of Nuclear Engineering Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D Kaoumi, D Kaoumi North Carolina State University, Department of Nuclear Engineering Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C Zheng C Zheng North Carolina State University, Department of Nuclear Engineering Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 23, Issue S1, 1 July 2017, Pages 756–757, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927617004445 Published: 04 August 2017
Student teachers' experiences of a learning programme based on the content dimension of the essential features of technology education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this article is to explore student teachers' experiences of the content dimension of the essential features of technology and Technology Education in an OBE related learning programme. To achieve this, a learning programme was developed using criteria derived from these essential features. In gauging students' experience of the programme, a case study involving 20 second year students following a course in Technology Education was undertaken. The naturalistic-qualitative research strategy, using the descriptive, contextual case study was considered the most acceptable research design for an investigation of this nature. Engagement with the programme proved to be an empowering experience for the students who had hitherto not had the opportunity to experience a formal programme in Technology Education. Although it could not be proved conclusively that cognitive development had occurred, positive inter-dependence, shared responsibility, social skills and enhanced learning were evident. (South African Journal of Higher Education: 2003 17 (1): 146-155)
The relationship between inventory handling procedures and the financial performance of SMEs in Kampala District, Uganda quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional survey.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Background Liquidity is a precondition to ensure that firms are able to meet their short-term obligations, and its continued flow can be guaranteed from a profitable venture to guarantee efficient financial performance. Moreover, 40% of the SMEs in Kampala close down operations after two years of operation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between inventory handling procedures and the financial performance of SMEs in Kampala district. Methodology A quantitative, correlational cross-sectional research design was employed, utilizing self-administered questionnaires to collect data from 5 SME directors, 159 SME employees, and 10 Uganda Investment Authority officials. Results The study recorded relatively high, 80% and 94.3% response rates among SME directors and Employees, respectively, and a lower rate, 60% among UIA (Uganda Investment Authority) employees. The majority, 62.5% were male compared to females, 37.5%, 56.9% were aged 31-45 years, and 71.3% were married. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.597) between inventory handling procedures and the financial performance of SMEs positive correlation between inventory handling procedures and financial performance. The Beta coefficient of 0.14 suggests that for every unit increase in inventory handling procedures, financial performance increases by 0.14 standard deviations. The T-value of 2.115 is significant at the 0.05 level. Effective inventory handling procedures were strongly associated with improved financial performance. Conclusion Effective Inventory handling policies contribute to efficient operations within SMEs. When these policies are well implemented, they smooth cash flows, reduce operational risks, and improve financial outcomes. Correlational findings underscore the importance of effective financial policies in driving the financial performance of SMEs in Kampala District. Recommendation SMEs should evaluate and refine their inventory handling policies to adapt to changing business environments and maximize their financial performance. Enhance and ensure that the financial policies of SMEs are well-coordinated and aligned with their overall business objectives.
Reconceptualization of translocator protein as a biomarker of neuroinflammation in psychiatry

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A great deal of interest in psychiatric research is currently centered upon the pathogenic role of inflammatory processes. Positron emission tomography (PET) using radiolabeled ligands selective for the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) has become the most widely used technique to assess putative neuroimmune abnormalities in vivo. Originally used to detect discrete neurotoxic damages, TSPO has generally turned into a biomarker of ‘neuroinflammation’ or ‘microglial activation’. Psychiatric research has mostly accepted these denotations of TSPO, even if they may be inadequate and misleading under many pathological conditions. A reliable and neurobiologically meaningful diagnosis of ‘neuroinflammation’ or ‘microglial activation’ is unlikely to be achieved by the sole use of TSPO PET imaging. It is also very likely that the pathological meanings of altered TSPO binding or expression are disease-specific, and therefore, not easily generalizable across different neuropathologies or inflammatory conditions. This difficulty is intricately linked to the varying (and still ill-defined) physiological functions and cellular expression patterns of TSPO in health and disease. While altered TSPO binding or expression may indeed mirror ongoing neuroinflammatory processes in some cases, it may reflect other pathophysiological processes such as abnormalities in cell metabolism, energy production and oxidative stress in others. Hence, the increasing popularity of TSPO PET imaging has paradoxically introduced substantial uncertainty regarding the nature and meaning of neuroinflammatory processes and microglial activation in psychiatry, and likely in other neuropathological conditions as well. The ambiguity of conceiving TSPO simply as a biomarker of ‘neuroinflammation’ or ‘microglial activation’ calls for alternative interpretations and complimentary approaches. Without the latter, the ongoing scientific efforts and excitement surrounding the role of the neuroimmune system in psychiatry may not turn into therapeutic hope for affected individuals.
Automatic 10 m Forest Cover Mapping in 2020 at China’s Han River Basin by Fusing ESA Sentinel-1/Sentinel-2 Land Cover and Sentinel-2 near Real-Time Forest Cover Possibility

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Given the increasingly fragmented forest landscapes, it is necessary to map forest cover with fine spatial resolution in a large area. The European Space Agency (ESA) released the 10 m global land cover map in 2020 based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images, and Dynamic World provides near real-time possibilities of many land cover classes based on Sentinel-2 images, but they are not designed particularly for forest cover. In this research, we aimed to develop a method to automatically estimate an accurate 10 m forest cover map in 2020 by fusing the ESA forest cover map and Dynamic World near real-time forest cover possibilities. The proposed method includes three main steps: (1) generating stable forest samples, (2) determining the threshold T and (3) producing the fused forest cover map. China’s Han River Basin, dominated by complex subtropical forests, was used as the study site to validate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method could produce a forest cover map with the best overall accuracy of 98.02% ± 1.20% and more accurate spatial details compared to using only one of the two data sources. The proposed method is thus superior in mapping forest cover in complex forest landscapes.
Self-esteem as a mediator between perfectionism and depression: A structural equations analysis.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study of college students (N = 464) examined the association between adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism and 2 mental health outcomes (self-esteem and depression). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to develop and assess the measurement model used in this study. Structural equations modeling was used to test a mediational model derived from prior theory and research. Analyses supported the existence of 2 perfectionism factors. Path models revealed that adaptive perfectionism was not directly or indirectly (through self-esteem) associated with depression. Maladaptive perfectionism was negatively associated with self-esteem and positively associated with depression. Self-esteem also buffered the effects of maladaptive perfectionism on depression. Distinguishing adaptive from maladaptive perfectionism is discussed in the context of recommendations for practice and future research.
SPIRITUALITAS DAN LANDASAN SPIRITUAL (MODERN AND ISLAMIC VALUES); DEFINISI DAN RELASINYA DENGAN KEPEMIMPINAN PENDIDIKAN

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Spirituality is not something foreign to humans, because it is the core (core) of humanity itself. Manpu's spiritual drive brings the material dimension of man to his spiritual dimension (spirit, divinity) by understanding and internalizing His attributes, living life according to His instructions and imitating His Messenger. The goal is to gain His pleasure, to become a "friend" of Allah, "lover" (wali) of Allah. Spiritual leadership is leadership capable of inspiring, arousing, influencing and mobilizing through exemplary, service, compassion and the implementation of values ​​and other divine traits in goals, processes, culture and leadership behavior. The spiritual leadership model is not only influenced by external factors, but is more guided by internal factors, namely the human conscience, but spiritual leadership does not mean anti-intellectual leadership. The leadership implemented by Muhammad SAW. become a role model with its main characteristics, namely siddiq (integrity), trust (trust), fathanah (working smart) and tabligh (openly, human relations) capable of influencing others by inspiring without indoctrinating, awakening without hurting, arousing without forcing and inviting without ordering. Spiritual leadership in schools or madrasas really needs to be applied by the principal, because madrasas are schools or places to study both general science and Islamic religious knowledge, and what characterizes madrasas are very focused on cultivating values. or the science of religion for students where the aim of the madrasa in general is to form a human who understands religion (to be a human being who is faithful and pious). So ideally, a principal, especially at a school with an Islamic background or known as a madrasa, should be able to apply spiritual leadership in carrying out its main duties and functions.