jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Further delineation of familial polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) via whole‐exome sequencing: PCOS‐related rare FBN3 and FN1 gene variants are identified

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aim To identify pathogenic rare coding Mendelian/high‐effect size variant(s) by whole‐exome sequencing in familial polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients to elucidate PCOS‐related pathways. Methods Twenty women and their affected available relatives diagnosed with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria were recruited. Whole‐exome sequencing on germ‐line DNA from 31 PCOS probands and their affected relatives was performed. Whole‐exome sequencing data were further evaluated by pathway and chemogenomics analyses. In‐slico analysis of candidate variants were done by VarCards for functional predictions and VarSite for impact on three‐dimensional (3D) structures in the candidate proteins. Results Two heterozygous rare FBN3 missense variants in three patients, and one FN1 missense variant in one patient from three different PCOS families were identified. Conclusion We identified three novel FBN3 and FN1 variants for the first time in the literature and linked with PCOS. Further functional studies may identify causality of these newly discovered PCOS‐related variants, and their role yet remains to be investigated. Our findings may improve our understanding of the biological pathways affected and identify new drug targets.
Mathematical modeling of slab heating in a furnace with walking beams due to their curvature

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Slab heating before hot rolling process is necessary for obtaining required metal ductility. The most effective for this purpose are furnaces with walking beams that provide heat supply to all sides of the slab. However, the places of slabs lower surfaces, contacting with water-cooled beams, are shielded from the radiation of the furnace lower heating zones and take the heat from the beams. Previously, the authors developed and programmatically implemented a mathematical model of slab heating in a furnace with walking beams, based on the numerical solution by finite difference method of the three-dimensional heat conduction problem with piecewise defined boundary conditions on the slab bottom surface. In this model, for the open zones of the slab bottom surface, boundary conditions were similar to those on the top surface, and for the zones of contact with the beams were set effective boundary conditions assuming duration of this contact. In this paper, the model was modified to take into account the curvature of the beams and to recalculate the configuration of zones with different boundary conditions on the slab bottom surface for each position of the slab along the furnace. By variant calculations at different values of heat transfer intensity from the slab bottom surfaces to the beams it was determined that curvature of a single beam can significantly change the characteristic of the corresponding “cold” spot, but it practically does not affect the general characteristic of the slab heating non-uniformity. If all fixed beams are subjected to curvature, the final drop across the slab is significantly reduced due to an increase in its minimum temperature. It was found that the influence of beam curvature on the temperature field at the end of heating process is higher the more intensive the heat transfer to the beams is.
Urban Freight Policy Innovation for Rome’s LTZ: A Stakeholder Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

City distribution plays a key role in supporting urban lifestyles, helping to serve and retain industrial and trading activities, and contributing to the competitiveness of regional industry. Despite these positive effects, it also generates negative (economic, environmental and social) impacts on cities worldwide. Relatively little attention has been paid to these issues by researchers and policymakers until recently. The analyses found in City Distribution and Urban Freight Transport aim to improve knowledge in this important area by recognizing and evaluating the problems, with a focus on urban freight transport systems.
LETTER TO THE EDITOR RE: DNA damage detected by the alkaline comet assay in the liver of mice after oral administration of tetrachloroethylene. (Mutagenesis, 25, 133–138, 2010)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The recently published paper by Cederberg et al. (1) discusses the induction of DNA damage in an in vivo comet assay in mice dosed with tetrachloroethylene. The authors concluded that tetrachloroethylene induced significant DNA damage in the liver, but this conclusion was heavily dependent on statistical analysis. The laboratory that performed the study (Covance Laboratories Limited) concluded that tetrachloro-ethylene did not induce DNA damage in the liver. Cederberg et al. (1) presented and discussed the Covance opinion, but this discrepancy in the conclusions merits further discussion. It is our opinion that the paper does not accurately report the Covance evaluation criteria used to assess these data. Firstly, when assessing any genotoxicity data, including comet data, it is important to evaluate the biological relevance of the results as well as any statistical findings. In fact, most
Out-of-Plane Auto-Oscillation in Spin Hall Oscillator With Additional Polarizer

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The theoretical investigation on magnetization dynamics excited by the spin\nHall effect in metallic multilayers having two ferromagnets is discussed. The\nrelaxation of the transverse spin in one ferromagnet enables us to manipulate\nthe direction of the spin-transfer torque excited in another ferromagnet,\nalthough the spin-polarization originally generated by the spin Hall effect is\ngeometrically fixed. Solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski equation,\nthe possibility to excite an out-of-plane auto-oscillation of an in-plane\nmagnetized ferromagnet is presented. An application to magnetic recording using\nmicrowave-assisted magnetization reversal is also discussed.\n
Tradition and Prudence in Locke's Exceptions to Toleration

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Why did Locke exclude Catholics and atheists from toleration? Not, I contend, because he was trapped by his context, but because his prudential approach and practical judgments led him to traditional texts. I make this argument first by outlining the connections among prudential exceptionality, practical judgments, and traditional texts. I then describe important continuities between conventional English understandings of the relationship between state and religion and Locke's writings on toleration, discuss Locke's conception of rights, and illustrate his use of prudential exceptions and distinctions. I conclude by arguing that Locke's problems are relevant to assessing contemporary liberal discussions of toleration and the separation of state and religion that lean heavily on practical justifications.
ESCAPING AN EVOLUTIONARY LOBSTER TRAP: DRUG RESISTANCE AND COMPENSATORY MUTATION IN A FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENT

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The fitness landscape concept aids intuition on adaptive evolution through low fitness genotypes. Evolutionary processes become complex when environments and therefore fitnesses fluctuate. Antibiotic resistance evolution in bacteria is an important example of such dynamics. Resistance bears a cost in the drug-free environment, but compensatory mutation can lower this cost, creating a fitness valley. With the drug present, the valley becomes a hill that is easily climbed. Once a population is dominated by resistant-compensated genotypes, reversion to sensitivity is difficult: this phenomenon has been described as an evolutionary lobster trap. With increasing frequencies of drug resistance among pathogenic bacteria, it is critical to understand how this trap can be escaped. Here, we develop stochastic models to investigate these dynamics. The residual fitness cost (the cost remaining after compensatory mutation has occurred) is a key parameter. Reversion to sensitivity is favored when the time spent in the absence of the drug relative to its presence is high compared to the residual fitness cost. Population sizes are also important: in large populations, resistant-compensated mutants appear in resistant-uncompensated or sensitive-compensated genotypes without fixation of these intermediates. This stochastic tunneling effect occurs when sufficient time is allowed by the rates of environmental fluctuation.
Recognition of Aircraft Engine Sound Based on GMM-UBM Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

\nGaussian mixture model-universal background model (GMM-UBM) is a commonly-used speaker recognition technology, and which has achieved good effect for detection speaker’s sound. In this paper, we explore GMM-UBM method for use with abnormal aircraft engine sound detection. We designed a GMM-UBM based aircraft engine sound recognition system, which extracts MFCC feature parameters and trains the GMM-UBM models using maximum a posteriori (MAP) adaptive algorithm. Experimental results show the GMM-UBM based aircraft engine sound recognition system can achieve higher recognize rate in real-word aircraft engine sound test.\n
Toward Improving Ph.D. Programs.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTToward Improving Ph.D. Programs.Ernest V. Hollis and S. C. LindCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1946, 50, 3, 286–287Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1946https://doi.org/10.1021/j150447a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (185 KB) Get e-Alerts
Concerning the question about physical model of birefringent spun fiber

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An experiment have been proposed, proved and realized which help to make a choice between two models of evolution of light radiation polarization in optical fibers which are made by spinning highly linearly birefringent preforms during the drawing process (common term spun fiber). The model of helical structure of axes of built-in linear birefringence and the model which include circular birefringence are opposed. It is showed that polarization state evolution in spun fibers is described by the model of helical structure of axes of built-in linear birefringence.
Validation of pharmaceutical information systems: general provisions

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nternational practices comprise integrated common approaches to validation of information systems, used in pharmaceutical industry by various organizations and that affect the results of their work. The purpose ofvalidation is to assure that the results, obtained with the help of an information system are reliable. Validated system ensures accurate results and reduces the risk of errors. The article describes basic principles of the validation of pharmaceutical information systems. The principles are constituted on the basis of international requirements of OMCL system and international standards of ISO system. The article provides the classification information systems used in pharmaceutical organizations. It also describes basic concepts of validation of information systems, such as version management, validation testing, change management, requirement consideration. Basic requirements for application of risk management system to creation of concept devoted to pharmaceutical information system validation are also provided.
Terrestrial isopods of the genus Porcellio Latreille, 1804 (Isopoda; Oniscidea) in Iran, with a description of a new species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Terrestrial isopods of the genus Porcellio Latreille, 1804 were investigated in Iran. Porcellio obsoletus Budde-Lund, 1885 was found only in northern Iran while P. evansi Omer-Cooper, 1923 is broadly distributed in the country. Porcellio rubidus Budde-Lund, 1885 was deemed as a senior synonym of P. evansi. Porcellio mehrdadi sp. nov. was described and its diagnostic characters were figured. The new species is characterized by the male pereopod VII ischium with a setose field on sternal margin and a setose area on rostral surface.
Induced pluripotent stem cells in a marmoset model for Parkinson's disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human ESC research raises ethical and political controversies. The reprogramming of already differentiated somatic cells to generate iPS cells avoids the ethical problems specific to ESC research. iPS cells can be efficiently differentiated into clinically relevant cell types. Hence, severe and currently incurable diseases like Parkinson could be cured in the future. Prior to clinical application in humans the safety and efficacy of the reprogrammed cells need to be tested long-term in animal models. In the present study, the common marmoset monkey(Callithrix jacchus) was used as a non-human primate model. In general, iPS cells could easily be generated by lentivirus-mediated introduction of a specific set of pluripotency-associated factors. However, approaches based on viruses stably integrating into the host cell DNA bear an increased risk of insertional mutagenesis and tumor formation. Substantial progress in cell replacement therapies may be achieved by generating autologous iPS cells with non-integrating and non-viral vector systems. For that reason, we used for the first time a non-integrating and non-viral episomal vector pEPI. Vector constructs with four marmoset monkey reprogramming factors (SOX2, OCT4, KLF4, cMYC (=SOKM)) and six factors (SOKM + LIN28 and NANOG (=SOKMLN)) were cloned. It could be shown that SOKMLN, which are expressed under the control of the constitutively active CAG promoter, were properly transcribed into mRNA. Furthermore, the expression of proteins encoded by the reprogramming construct could also be demonstrated. Finally, colony-like structures, properly representing putative primary integration-free iPS cell colonies, could be generated. The final characterization and differentiation of these colony-like structures are still pending. Nevertheless, the vector pEPI seems a promising tool for the generation of integration-free iPS cells, which may be used in preclinical testing of cell replacement therapies in marmoset monkeys.
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) study of Bi2O2Se and lead halide perovskite thin films

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Terahertz (1 terahertz = 10^12 Hz) radiation falls within the region between microwave radiation and infrared radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum. The terahertz band was under- exploited for a long time, especially in comparison with other more well-known bands of the electromagnetic spectrum like microwaves and X-rays, before the technique of time-domain spectroscopy was introduced. A powerful method for studying material properties, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) uses ultrashort pulses of THz radiation that enable us to obtain the complex optical conductivity and other optical properties of a plethora of materials — these include semiconductors, superconductors, dielectrics, and liquids — without the need for the Kramers- Kronig relation. Harnessing THz radiation holds a lot of promise in fields beyond just condensed matter physics or material studies, expanding into domains like healthcare, security, meteorology and communication. In this thesis, I will be using THz-TDS to study the carrier and phonon dynamics of two- dimensional materials, mathematically derive the transmission coefficient, and convert raw THz-TDS data to optical conductivity using MATLAB. The materials studied in this thesis include the two-dimensional semiconductor bismuth oxyselenide (Bi2O2Se) and lead halide perovskites.
Evolution in Action in the Classroom: Engaging Students in Science Practices to Investigate and Explain Evolution by Natural Selection

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Current reform efforts at all levels of biology education advocate for the integration of science content and practices and emphasize the importance of phenomena-driven inquiry. We describe an instructional sequence for teaching evolution by natural selection that addresses these goals by engaging students in parallel selection experiments with biological and digital model organisms. These activities address multiple learning objectives in the AP Biology Curriculum Framework and the Next Generation Science Standards while engaging students in authentic science practices to learn about natural selection. We also report results from pre and post assessments in an AP Biology class which demonstrate students' learning gains and increased acceptance of evolution.
Autoimmune-Induced Pain Alters Affective Behaviors in a Model of Neuropsychiatric Lupus?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

As commonly seen in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NP-SLE), spontaneous disease onset in the MRL/MpJ-Fas lpr /J (MRL-lpr) mouse model of NP-SLE is accompanied by increased autoantibodies, pro-inflammatory cytokines and behavioral dysfunction which precede neuroinflammation and structural brain lesions. Given that P2X purine receptors are important in peripheral "pain" signaling, the possibility that purinoception is involved in the development of aberrant affective behaviors was explored in the present study. Suramin, a P2X purinoceptor antagonist, was administered to lupus-prone mice from 5 to 14 weeks of age (60 mg/kg, i.p.). Novel object and sucrose preference tests were performed to examine behavior, and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays for autoantibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines were employed in immunopathological analyses. Suramin was found to attenuate markers of autoimmunity and inflammation, but was not immunosuppressive. Treatment did, however, prevent neophobic- and anhedonic-like deficits in MRL-lpr mice. More specifically, animals receiving the drug showed a profound 3-fold increase in their responsiveness to palatable solution (i.e. a reversal of anhedonia) and were less "distressed" by novelty. The present data supports the hypothesis that sustained activation of the peripheral immune system induces nociceptive-related behavioral symptomatology in lupus animals which is attenuated by the analgesic effects of suramin. It is proposed that anti-purine or cross-reactive autoantibodies cause neuronal hyperexcitability within "pain" pathways early in the disease process, which manifests as affective deficits. At a later stage of chronic lupus-like disease (following breakdown of the blood-brain barrier), fixed structural lesions in dopaminergic pathways likely account for and maintain impairments in emotionality.
Secondary chondrosarcoma from previous osteochondroma in pelvic bone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Secondary chondrosarcoma is a known dreaded complication of osteochondral- mas, generally first suspected by new-onset pain; imaging studies indicate the thick cartilaginous cap indicates possible secondary malignant transformation. In this article, we discuss a case of secondary chondrosarcoma arising from os- osteochondroma in the pelvic bone.
Investigation of the Psychosocial Factors Affecting High Risk Driving Behaviors in Adolescents in the City of Tehran, 2014

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Driving accidents are among the most important causes of mortality in the world in recent years. In Iran, especially in major cities such as Tehran, this issue has become a prevalent social problem. More importantly, adolescents and young people constitute the majority of the victims of traffic accidents. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the psychosocial dimensions affecting high risk driving behaviors in adolescents in the age group between 12 to 17 years, in the city of Tehran. Materials and Methods: The present study has taken a quantitative (correlation) approach by selecting a sample of 537 adolescents aged between 12 to 17 years and the psychosocial factors affecting high risk driving behaviors were assessed. The samples were selected by a Stratified-cluster method from the insurance company, hospitals and education correctional centers. Results: Our study demonstrate that among psychological factors, three determinants, namely national religious identity, attitude toward laws and rules, and aggression were able to predict high risk behaviors in boys group with coefficient of B, 0.24, and 0.16, respectively; while the strongest predictor of high risk behavior is national religious identity. On the other hand, in the girls group, two factors, namely autocratic parenting and attitude toward law and rules were able to predict high risk behaviors with coefficients of B, 0.19, and 0.18, respectively; while the strongest predictor was the autocratic style of parenting. Among social factors, our findings show that participation in the plan to cooperate with traffic police with coefficients of Beta 0.26 and 0.21, respectively, is the strongest predictor of high risk behavior in adolescent boys and girls. Conclusion: Among predictor variables aggression, law breaking behavior, and national religious identity can better predict driving accidents, attitude toward law, and high risk behaviors. Aggression, attitude, and law breaking behavior are considered as abnormal behaviors that lead to legal problems, delinquencies, substance abuse and other destructive behaviors among adolescents and consequently cause damage, injury and disabilities in themselves and others. Moreover, involvement in aggressive behaviors can play a critical role in creating and exacerbating new behavioral problems in adolescents, and those problems are carried over immutably at the later stages of their life.
Colorful Beetles of a Temperate Forest: Carabus scheidleri

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Photo 1. Abundant sample for one pitfall trap. Photo credit: Jana Růžičková. Photo 2. Color variation in Carabus scheidleri showed on 11 males and 4 females. Photo credit: Jana Růžičková. These photographs illustrate the article “Functional plasticity of carabids can presume better the changes in community composition than taxon-based descriptors” by Zoltán Elek, Jana Růžičková and Péter Ódor published in Ecological Applications. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2460.