jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Body Image, Social Physique Anxiety Levels and Self-Esteem among Adults Participating in Physical Activity Programs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

(1) Background: individuals may benefit from being involved in physical and athletic activities in order to improve their body appearance and promote their physical and mental health. This study aimed to investigate body image, body mass index (BMI) characteristics, social physique anxiety, self-esteem and possible correlations between the above factors. (2) Methods: 245 adults engaged in training programs in gyms, as well as in track and field, football and basketball athletic activities completed (a) a sociodemographic questionnaire which recorded their BMI values and utilized the (b) Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults, (c) the Social Physique Anxiety Scale and (d) the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. (3) Results: Females and individuals with higher BMI reported statistically significant lower body-esteem and greater social physique anxiety levels compared to males and individuals with lower BMI, respectively (p < 0.05). A total of 25.3% of our participants were labeled as “overweight”, while 20.4% had been overweight in the past. Significant differences were reported between body-esteem and social physique anxiety levels (p < 0.001); age (p = 0.001); BMI value (p < 0.001) and never having a problem with body weight (p = 0.008). Additionally, individuals with lower body-esteem and greater social physique anxiety levels presented lower global self-esteem (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: individuals’ engagement in physical activity promotes physical as well as mental well-being, contributing to an improved quality of life, which may be the most important issue for health care professionals.
Efficacy of Chemicals for Controlling Colony Spread by Rhizopus Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Of various chemicals tested, dichloran was found to be most effective for restricting the rates of colony spread by three Rhizopus species at the lowest concentration (25 mg/L or less) on potato dextrose agar and Czapek Dox agar. Higher concentrations of methyl red (50 mg/L), rose bengal (50 mg/L), Triton X-100 (100 mg/L), bromocresol green (500 mg/L), sodium deoxychlorate (500 mg/L) and oxgall (3000 mg/L) were required to equally reduce colony spreading. Tween 80 (5000 mg/L) and methanol (50 000 mg/L) did not reduce the colony diameters of the molds. R. oryzae grew faster and was more tolerant to chemicals than R. oligosporus and R. stolonifer.
First Year Seminars Produce Long-Term Impact

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In an effort to provide insight into a strategy for increasing student retention, students enrolled in a first year seminar were paired with a matched comparison group, and retention of the 1,853 students in the two groups was compared over a period of four years. Results indicated significantly greater retention over a period of four years for students enrolled in the seminar. Review of the literature indicates that while such seminars are gaining in popularity, longitudinal studies of their effectiveness using matched comparison groups are lacking. In addition to expanding the research base of the first year seminars, this article also presents the background of the seminar and studies regarding the first year seminar that are relevant to retention.
PROTOTYPE APLIKASI USAHA MIKRO BANK SAMPAH SYARIAH KEMUNING BERBASIS ANDROID

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Kemuning waste bank micro business is a concept built on the basic idea and a form of public concern for the environment to overcome the management of household waste in residential areas. The management of the Kemuning waste bank that is currently running is still semi-computerized, namely customer data is still recorded in a ledger then inputted to the computer using Microsoft Excel, waste data is not recorded properly so that it is not known how much waste has been received by the waste bank in 1 year, and customer savings data recorded in the customer's savings book so that customers must look at the savings book to find out their savings balance. To overcome this, a system for managing savings and transaction data as well as information on sorting waste for new customers is needed, namely the Android-based Islamic waste bank application. The expected end result is that this Android-based application can overcome the problems of the current system so that it can maximize the processing of waste data, transactions and savings and make monthly reports easier and become a form of waste bank micro business unit that can become supporting the economic growth of the people of Kemuning. Keywords: Micro Business, Application, Sharia Waste Bank, Android
FOOT PRESSURE STUDY USING THE PEDOBAROGRAPH: COMPARISON OF NORMAL SUBJECTS WITH HALLUX RIGIDUS AND METATARSALGIA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: Our aim was the record variation in foot pressures through parts of the foot, in normal subjects and compare with foot pressure distribution in patients with conditions of the foot such as symptomatic hallux rigidus and metatarsalgia. Methodology: This was an observational study. We assessed the foot pressure distributions in 30 normal subjects, using the foot pressure pedobarograph system. The foot pressures were measured through the Hallux, 1st Metatarsal head, 2,3,4th metatarsal heads, 5 metatarsal head, midfoot and hindfoot. Foot pressure in patients with hallux rigidus and metatarsalgia were compared with the pressures in normal subjects, using statistical analysis. Results: The foot pressures were measured in Kilopascals(Kpa). Independent T test was used to compare pressures. In patients with hallux rigidus, the mean pressures through the hallux 314 (t= −3.62, p Conclusion: The foot pressures through the hallux and midfoot were higher in patients with hallux rigidus (compared to normal). Thus any foot orthosis or surgery should aim to relieve the pressure through these regions. Whereas, foot pressures through 5th metatarsal head and midfoot were higher in patients with metatarsalgia (compared to normal). This reflects the adaptation the foot develops to avoid the painful region and thus any orthosis or surgery should try to spread the foot pressures evenly across the foot.
Obstacles for Security Cooperation in North America

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The literature on International Relations has largely considered North America as a region formed by Canada and the United States, in spite of the fact that from the geographical perspective Mexico is also part of the region. The acknowledgement of Mexico as part of North America is derived from the implementation of NAFTA and the attempt of scholars and decision makers to create a more efficient region. The expectation of a North American Community was based on the assumption that increasing economic interdependence would stimulate the conception of regional institutions and eventually the spillover onto other areas of the trilateral agenda. While the ideas of deeper regional cooperation floated in the air of the three countries, the analysis of regionalism in North America indicates that economic integration remains at the lower level of the Balasian integration (free trade) and the spillover effects have not taken place. In the area of security, threats to stability such as terrorism and organized crime have produced the reinforcement of the bi-lateralization rather than the trilateralization. In this regard, this chapter explores the reasons why the North American partners are facing obstacles to develop deeper cooperation in the area of security from a regional perspective. By adopting a Wendtian approach, this chapter argues that in the area of security, a cooperative system has emerged in the US-Canadian relationship while the USMexican relationship remains anchored in the logic of an individualistic system. The chapter starts with the overview of the theoretical approach to study security in North America, followed by the analysis of ideas, perceptions, principles and policies in the security of North America.
Light microscope studies on the early development of sporangium in Polystichum tsus simense(Hook.) J.Smith(Dryopteridaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The formation and early development of sporangium of the fern Polystichum tsus simense(Hook.)J.Smith(Dryopteridaceae)were studied by light microscope.The results areas follow:The sporangia arise from single-celled epithelial initials on pinnae.Division of the single initial produced the internal cell and the jacket initial cells that differentiated into the sporangium wall.The internal cell leads to the tapeta and the spore mother cells that produce tetrahedral spores after meiosis.At last,the spore has an aperture.The sporocyte coat and sporecoat are visible during the development.The early development of sporangium of the fern Polystichum tsus simense is eusporangiate type.This paper indicates the whole early development of sporangium,and provides basic information about the development biology and phylogeny of ferns.
The Development of The Al-Qur'an and Fardhu Ain Mastery Model of The Indigenous People in The State of Pahang Malaysia: The Fuzzy Delphi Approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to get an agreement and expert views on the development Al-Quran and Fardhu Ain Mastery Model of the Orang Asli in the Pahang state region of Malaysia. This study employs the Fuzzy Delphi method using a 7 Likert scale to collect responses from 7 experts in various fields in Malaysia. A total of 21-item fuzzy questionnaire was given to experts for evaluation. Fuzzy Delphi Method was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using triangular fuzzy numbering (triangular fuzzy number) and the position (ranking) of each variable is determined using the “defuzzification” process. The findings show that response and expert consensus on model elements are at a good level. The overall findings of the expert consensus agreement exceed 75%, the overall value of the threshold (d) < 0.2 and an ?-cut exceeds 0.5. The priority factors were sorted by priority and were refined by adding and dropping items as recommended by experts.
Experimental Decompression of the Fascial Compartments of the Foot—The Basis for Fasciotomy in Acute Compartment Syndromes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Surgical decompression of the foot by fasciotomy is the only effective means of preventing the late consequences of a compartment syndrome i.e., myoneural ischemia. In this study, a slit catheter system was used to monitor the compartment pressures in experimentally induced compartment syndromes of the foot. The ease and rate of decompressing the intracompartmental pressures via a double incision dorsal approach versus a medial longitudinal approach were compared in 40 paired fresh cadaver specimens. In both methods, intracompartmental pressure is satisfactorily decompressed. However, it takes longer after effective fasciotomies for pressures to normalize via the dorsal approach (11 min versus 1 min; P < 0.01). The double incision dorsal approach is easier to perform and may be the method of choice for fasciotomy associated with fractures of the forefoot requiring internal fixation.
Keratan sulfate proteoglycan: putative template for neuroblast migratory and axonal fascicular pathways and fetal expression in globus pallidus, thalamus, and olfactory bulb

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Keratan sulfate (KS) is a proteoglycan secreted in the fetal brain astrocytes and radial glia into extracellular parenchyma as granulofilamentous deposits. KS surrounds neurons except dendritic spines, repelling glutamatergic and facilitating GABAergic axons. The same genes are expressed in both neuroblast migration and axonal growth. This study examines timing of KS during morphogenesis of some normally developing human fetal forebrain structures. Twenty normal human fetal brains from 9-41 weeks gestational age were studied at autopsy. KS was examined by immunoreactivity in formalin-fixed paraffin sections, plus other markers including synaptophysin, S-100β protein, vimentin and nestin. Radial and tangential neuroblast migratory pathways from subventricular zone to cortical plate were marked by KS deposits as early as 9wk GA, shortly after neuroblast migration initiated. During later gestation this reactivity gradually diminished and disappeared by term. Long axonal fascicles of the internal capsule and short fascicles of intrinsic bundles of globus pallidus and corpus striatum also appeared as early as 9-12wk, as fascicular sleeves before axons even entered. Intense KS occurs in astrocytic cytoplasm and extracellular parenchyma at 9wk in globus pallidus, 15wk thalamus, 18wk corpus striatum, 22wk cortical plate, and hippocampus postnatally. Corpus callosum and anterior commissure do not exhibit KS at any age. Optic chiasm shows reactivity at the periphery but not around intrinsic subfasciculi. We postulate that KS forms a chemical template for many long and short axonal fascicles before axons enter and neuroblast migratory pathways at initiation of migration. Cross-immunoreactivity with aggrecan may render difficult molecular distinction.
Subcellular compartmentalization of the plant antioxidant system: an integrated overview

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The antioxidant system (AOS) maintains the optimal concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cell and protects it against oxidative stress. In plants, the AOS consists of seven main classes of antioxidant enzymes, low-molecular antioxidants (e.g., ascorbate, glutathione, and their oxidized forms) and thioredoxin/glutaredoxin systems which can serve as reducing agents for antioxidant enzymes. The number of genes encoding AOS enzymes varies between classes, and same class enzymes encoded by different gene copies may have different subcellular localizations, functional loads and modes of evolution. These facts hereafter reinforce the complex nature of AOS regulation and functioning. Further studies can describe new trends in the behavior and functioning of systems components, and provide new fundamental knowledge about systems regulation. The system is revealed to have a lot of interactions and interplay pathways between its components at the subcellular level (antioxidants, enzymes, ROS level, and hormonal and transcriptional regulation). These facts should be taken into account in further studies during the AOS modeling by describing the main pathways of generating and utilizing ROS, as well as the associated signaling processes and regulation of the system on cellular and organelle levels, which is a complicated and ambitious task. Another objective for studying the phenomenon of the AOS is related to the influence of cell dynamics and circadian rhythms on it. Therefore, the AOS requires an integrated and multi-level approach to study. We focused this review on the existing scientific background and experimental data used for the systems biology research of the plant AOS.
The link between corporate social performance and financial performance: empirical evidence from Japanese firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Since the globalisation of business and stock ownership in the 2000s, Japanese firms' relationships with shareholders and the policies related to corporate social responsibility (CSR) have significantly changed.This study adopts a stakeholder relationship approach to examining these changes and investigates the channels that link corporate social performance (CSP) and corporate financial performance (CFP) in the Japanese context.We found that the composite measure of CSP and a large part of dimensional CSP are significantly negatively related to all risk measures employed in this study.With respect to dimensional CSP, it is remarkable that environment and social contribution showed a strong negative relationship with market-based risk measures.However, the effects of CSP on profitability are mixed, and only the employee relationship is positively associated with profitability measures.These findings suggest that risk reduction through CSR activities holds more significance in creating long-term value for Japanese firms.
In vitro and in vivo activity of 1-aryl-3-(2-chloroethyl) urea derivatives as new antineoplastic agents.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A few 1-aryl 3-(2-chloroethyl)ureas (CEU) were synthesized and screened in vitro for their cytotoxicity. Some of these derivatives were assayed for their mutagenicity, their in vivo toxicity and their antineoplastic activity. Methyl 4-(p-(3-(2-chloroethyl) ureido) phenyl) butyrate, 4-methyl and 4-tertbutyl (3-(2-chloroethyl) ureido) phenyl) butyrate, 4-methyl and 4-tert-butyl (3-(2-chloroethyl) ureido) benzene had an ID50 of 28, 20 and 4 microM respectively when tested on LoVo cells, while chlorambucil (CBL) and CCNU had an ID50 of 21 and 45 microM. These 3 chloroethyl urea derivatives were not toxic when injected i.p. at doses up to 220 mg/kg, whereas chlorambucil was already toxic at 18.5 mg/kg. The survival time of BDF1 mice bearing L1210 leukemia tumors was significantly enhanced by intraperitoneal injections of CBL and CEU. The most cytotoxic derivative (tert-butyl derivative) gave the best antineoplastic activity with a median survival time 1.77 times that of the control at 10 mg/kg/day and was not toxic, whereas CBL at this concentration enhanced survival time by a factor of 1.6 and presented important side effects. The 4-tert-butyl (3-(2-chloroethyl) ureido) benzene and the methyl 4-(p-(3-(2-chloroethyl) ureido) phenyl) butyrate showed no mutagenicity when assayed on TA-97, TA-98, TA-100 and TA-102, four strains of S. thyphimurium, while CBL had a weak effect on TA-102 and CCNU was highly mutagenic on TA-100 and TA-102.
Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of extracts of endophytic fungi from <i>Artemisia annua</i>

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The endophytic extracts of 11 fungi associated with asympomatic Artemisia annua Linn., were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against three human pathogenic microbes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton rubrum, and two plant pathogens, Rhizoctonia cerealis and Magnaporthe grisea. The results showed that these endophytic extracts had different inhibitory effects on microbial pathogens at 100 mg/mL. Among these fungal endophytes, three strains Aspergillus spp. SPS-02, SPS-04 and SPS-01 respectively showed the strongest antimicrobial activities against E. coli, S. aureu, T. rubrum. An endophytic Mucor sp. SPS-11 had the most pronounced effect on R. cerealis. Two strains Aspergillus sp. SPS-02 and Cephalosporium sp. SPS-08 exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activities against M. grisea. These anti-pathogenic endophytes could be applied as new sources of antibiotics in agriculture and pharmaceutical industry.
Influence of the stage of infection ofTrypanosoma cruziin guinea-pigs on infectivity toRhodnius prolixus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

"Influence of the stage of infection of Trypanosoma cruzi in guinea-pigs on infectivity to Rhodnius prolixus." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, 71(1), pp. 119–120
Socio-spatial polarization and the (re-)distribution of deprived groups in world cities: A case study of Hong Kong

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper draws on theoretical discussions of world cities to analyze socio-spatial polarization and (re-)distribution of deprived groups in Hong Kong in the 2000s. Intensifying global economic restructuring processes have induced socio-economic polarization, thereby producing deprived groups although the spatial outcomes may depend on the city-specific context. When local policies do not counteract the polarization trend, a spatial manifestation of widening socio-economic gaps can be expected. Intensified pro-growth policies adopted since Hong Kong's return to Chinese rule in 1997 and during its economic recession in the early 2000s have worsened the impact of globalization-induced socio-economic and spatial restructuring. Census data from 2001 and 2011 show increasingly differentiated socio-economic profiles at the district level. The analysis offered in this study also points to a decreased socially mixed society in 2011 when the deprived groups lived in districts with less presence of the advantaged population.
Power analysis of single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems based on two-stage current source converters

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper discusses a power analysis of the two-stage current source converter for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system applications. The aim of this research is to analyze the active powers of the converter. The proposed two-stage power conversion topologies are consisting of a dc-dc converter and a single-phase current source inverter. This dc-dc converter operated with a phase shifted PWM technique, which produced three levels current on the output dc current, and current source inverter outputting a low frequency for injecting a sinusoidal current flowing into the power grid. Simulation results of the proposed system are demonstrate and discussed. As results, the proposed method is good conformation with the theoretical analysis in which the power factor and efficiency.
Synergistic effects of olfactory and tactile cues in short-range mate finding of Ophraella communa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sensory signals between individuals are important in short-range mate finding. The purpose of our experiments was to verify the roles of different sensory cues in mate orientation and discrimination in Ophraella communa LeSage (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) adults. Sex discrimination and sensory deprivation tests (i.e., depriving the olfactory and/or visual senses of either or both sexes by coating with paint) were conducted in the laboratory. Male O. communa were able to locate and recognize conspecifics using olfactory cues prior to physical contact, but could not discriminate the opposite sex prior to physical contact. When the olfaction of male O. communa was deprived by painting antennae, males spent significantly longer times seeking mates in the arena. Copulation duration did not differ significantly among treatments. Thus, the mating process of O. communa adults was mediated by contact cues, but not by olfactory cues. The percentages of successful mating, searching duration, and copulation duration were all unaffected by visual deprivation, i.e., when the eyes of either or both sexes were covered by black paint. The function of visual cues was thus negligible in the mate-finding process of O. communa adults. Overall, these results suggested that orientation and discrimination of the opposite sex by O. communa is dependent on the synergy between olfactory and tactile cues.