jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
In vitro Production of Virus-Free Sweet Potato [ Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] by Meristem Culture and Thermotherapy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Viral disease is the major factor causing significant yield loss in sweet potato. Production of disease-free clones by tissue culture technique increases yield and income of farmers. Meristems from three varieties of sweet potato were cultured at different combinations of BAP, GA 3 and NAA in MS basal medium. Among the combinations, 1 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l GA 3 with 0.01 mg/l NAA resulted in 66.67% shoot induction for Awassa-83 and Guntute while 63.33% shoot induction was obtained using 1 mg/l BAP, 2 mg/l GA 3 and 0.01 mg/l NAA for Awassa local. There was 100% sweet potato virus elimination from all the three varieties by meristem culture as observed by using NCM-ELISA technique. Shoot thermotherapy was done for Awassa-83 and Awassa local at 37°C for 31 days and 88.89% and 100% SPFMV and SPCSV virus elimination was achieved for the two varieties, respectively. Best shoot multiplication was obtained in MS medium containing 2 mg/l BAP for Awassa-83 (5.26 ± 0.02 shoots/explant) and Awassa local (5.12 ± 0.02 shoots/explant). For Guntute it was 2.48 ± 0.03 shoots/explant on 3 mg/l BAP. The best root length was 9.5 ± 0.10 cm, 9.68 ± 0.02 cm, and 11.03 ± 0.02 cm for Awassa-83, Awassa local and Guntute, respectively on growth regulators free ½ MS medium. The highest number of roots per shoot (6.34 ± 0.01) was obtained from Awassa-83 on 0.1 mg/l IBA. Acclimatizations were 100%, 91.11% and 90.10% for Guntute, Awassa-83 and Awassa local , respectively. This work indicates the practical applicability of plant tissue culture using meristem culture and thermotherapy to produce virus-free planting materials of sweet potato.
Performance evaluation and cost economics for the mechanized harvesting of wheat crop using reaper-cum-binder at Sitamarhi district of Bihar

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Wheat is one of the most important crop for Bihar, but productivity is lower as compared to other states. Mechanized harvesting of the wheat crop would ensure timeliness in operation, which would enhance crop yield and farmer’s economic benefits. The need of evaluating their different facets of economics for ensuring lower losses and higher efficiencies is of utmost importance and need of the hour. Therefore, under this project reaper-cum-binder was evaluated for its economics. In harvesting by the reaper-cum-binder, for the wheat crop, total grain losses were found to be 71.34 kg/ha whereas for manual harvesting it was found to be 52.41 kg/ha. The grain to straw ratio for the wheat crop by the reaper-cum-binder and by manual harvesting were the same as 1:1.2. The break-even hectares and break-even hours of reaper-cum-binder for the wheat crop for as 99.197 hectares and 260.90 hours, respectively. It was found that the labour requirement decreased drastically in case of reaper-cum-binder as compared to manual harvesting. The benefit of custom hiring rate for reaper cum binder was 13.2 per cent. The economics of the machine was compared to the conventional method of harvesting and the profit by using the reaper-cum-binder was found to be 1418.84Rs. /ha.
Factors related to exclusive breastfeeding among adolescent mothers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ObjectiveTo analyze the factors related to exclusive breastfeeding among adolescent mothers until the third month postpartum in Teresina, Piaui state, Brazil.MethodsCross-sectional study with 202 adolescents, three months after childbirth, in four maternity hospitals in 2006. Multivariate analysis was carried out through binomial logistic regression for the calculation of adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and confidence intervals of 95% (CI 95%).Results88.2% of the adolescents surveyed reported breastfeeding their infants; however, only 38.2% of them reported exclusive breastfeeding in the third month postpartum. Adolescents who studied presented 14% higher odds of having to interrupt exclusive breastfeeding three months postpartum (aOR=0.14; CI 95%=0.0-0.5; p=0.004). However, receiving support to care for themselves and their infants has increased by three times the odds of continued exclusive breastfeeding (aOR=3.12; CI 95%=1.0-9.0; p=0.037).ConclusionMeasures to stimulate breastfeeding among adolescent mothers are necessary, particularly family support, so that adolescents can continue studying while breastfeeding.
You are what you wear: the effect of religiosity, self-esteem and materialism toward conspicuous consumption of luxury fashion products among Gen Z

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The market value of luxury goods at the global and national levels continues to increase from year to year. The sales growth of the Indonesian luxury goods market is currently at 6.6% per year. The largest sales sector in the market is the fashion sector, with more than US$700m per year. Several big cities in Asia, including Jakarta, experienced a shift in the age group of luxury goods buyers to a younger group with limited income resources. The behavior of purchasing luxury goods in the low-income group is contrary to Islamic values, which prioritize the fulfillment of needs rather than the fulfillment of desires. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the intention of Muslim Generation Z consumers to buy luxury fashion products. Design/methodology/approach The purposive sampling method in this study involved 240 respondents who had bought luxury fashion products in the masstige category in the past two years. This study adopts the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) model and a quantitative approach through the structural equation modeling method. Findings The results of this study indicate that attitude towards behavior, subjective norms, self-esteem and materialism have a significant positive effect on the intention to consume luxury fashion, while the influence of religiosity was found to be insignificant. At the same time, religiosity has a significant negative effect on attitude towards behavior and subjective norms. Research limitations/implications These findings indicate that if consumers who have a positive attitude toward luxury fashion purchases, can be influenced by their significant others, self-esteem and materialistic nature, then they tend to buy luxury fashion items. Originality/value This study extends the theory of TRA by adding religiosity, self-esteem and materialism and it uses Muslim Generation Z as the respondent. Masstige category of luxury brands is also used to take into account the affordability of its generation toward luxury fashion products.
Interval Analysis Approach to Prototype the Robust Control of the Laboratory Overhead Crane

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper describes the software-hardware equipment and control-measurement solutions elaborated to prototype the laboratory scaled overhead crane control system. The novelty approach to crane dynamic system modelling and fuzzy robust control scheme design is presented. The iterative procedure for designing a fuzzy scheduling control scheme is developed based on the interval analysis of discrete-time closed-loop system characteristic polynomial coefficients in the presence of rope length and mass of a payload variation to select the minimum set of operating points corresponding to the midpoints of membership functions at which the linear controllers are determined through desired poles assignment. The experimental results obtained on the laboratory stand are presented.
SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION IN THE HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT OF AUSTRALIA'S DROUGHT STRICKEN RURAL COMMUNITIES

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The study examines innovations implemented by small business in rural Australia to overcome the effects of the drought. Focus group meetings with a total sample of 32 owner/managers in six rural communities revealed that the innovations were generally small, incremental and associated with daily operations. They were aimed at protecting or growing markets, accessing resources and operating efficiently. These innovations were necessary to conserve scare resources in an environment of declining markets and tight profit margins. Despite this general trend, some innovations were significant. These were radical in nature and took the form of organisational restructuring and market development through mergers and acquisitions, and product and market diversifications. They were highly risky but made notable contributions to the communities. Good and careful planning and access to resources can help mitigate some of the risks associated with these high end innovations.
3D Wasserstein generative adversarial network with dense U-Net based discriminator for preclinical fMRI denoising

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is extensively used in clinical and preclinical settings to study brain function, however, fMRI data is inherently noisy due to physiological processes, hardware, and external noise. Denoising is one of the main preprocessing steps in any fMRI analysis pipeline. This process is challenging in preclinical data in comparison to clinical data due to variations in brain geometry, image resolution, and low signal-to-noise ratios. In this paper, we propose a structure-preserved algorithm based on a 3D Wasserstein generative adversarial network with a 3D dense U-net based discriminator called, 3D U-WGAN. We apply a 4D data configuration to effectively denoise temporal and spatial information in analyzing preclinical fMRI data. GAN-based denoising methods often utilize a discriminator to identify significant differences between denoised and noise-free images, focusing on global or local features. To refine the fMRI denoising model, our method employs a 3D dense U-Net discriminator to learn both global and local distinctions. To tackle potential over-smoothing, we introduce an adversarial loss and enhance perceptual similarity by measuring feature space distances. Experiments illustrate that 3D U-WGAN significantly improves image quality in resting-state and task preclinical fMRI data, enhancing signal-to-noise ratio without introducing excessive structural changes in existing methods. The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods when applied to simulated and real data in a fMRI analysis pipeline.
Dataset related to article "Intratumoral Switch of Molecular Phenotype and Overall Survival in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This record contains raw data related to article “Intratumoral Switch of Molecular Phenotype and Overall Survival in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer" Abstract In recent years, immunohistochemical protein expression was studied as a surrogate to the molecular classification of bladder cancer, although no tissue biomarkers are available for clinical use to predict survival or the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in UC, as the literature produced conflicting results. This retrospective study included TURB specimens harboring foci of HG pT2 muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) from 251 patients who subsequently underwent radical cystectomy. We performed immunohistochemical analysis on tumor samples, for relevant gene-expression-based markers for basal type (CD44, CK5/6) and luminal type (CK20 and pPARγ). Piescore, investigated in both non-muscle-invasive (NMI) and muscle-invasive (MI) components of the tumor, divided basal and luminal UC-types when at least three of the four markers were consistent with a specific phenotype, mixed types if one/two luminal and basal markers were present simultaneously, and neu-like types when all four markers investigated were negative. Eighteen selected cases were also investigated with RT-PCR to validate, and to increase the specificity of, the immunohistochemical results. We observe an immunophenotypical difference in the NMI and MI components in 96/251 UC patients (38.25%): half of tumors (44/96 cases) have a transition to basal, 36.46% (35/96 cases) to neu-like, 12.5% (12/96 cases) to mixed, and 5.2% (5/96 cases) to luminal phenotypes. Mixed tumors in the NMI component are more likely to change phenotype than other groups, particularly compared with basal tumors, which demonstrate greater stability (only 8/96 cases, p &lt; 0.00001). The transition of luminal tumors to basal display a better OS compared with the transition toward neu-like tumors (p = 0.027). Overall, the phenotypical switch does not affect lymphovascular invasion, pT, DFS, or OS compared with non-switched cases. In the MI component, the presence of CD44 expression, irrespective of score-related phenotype, shows a protective effect in papillary-type UC (OS p = 0.008, HR 0.453, PFS p = 0.07, HR 0.599), and in UC naïve for CT (p = 0.0479). Piescore immunophenotyping reveals an intratumoral phenotypical transition between the NMI and MI components of the same tumor. The molecular change is a common event in the mixed and luminal categories, but not in basal tumors, which show better phenotypical stability. This phenomenon could partially explain the sensitivity of a subset of luminal UC to chemotherapy: good responders could be "non-real" luminal UC, which acquire nasal markers, such as CD44.
Structure and Motion Characteristics of an Optical Microgripper.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces a new structure of an optical microgripper in which the bimorph PLZT-type actuator is applied. Based on this new structure, the photoresponse characteristics of the optical microgripper is also addressed. This microgripper consists of two-group bimorph-type PLZT. These two-group bimorphs are designed in a parallel geometric structure, and both of them have extensions which can turn from one side to its another side. Therefore, when a U.V. beam is irradiated, the extended parts of the PLZT can absorb the U.V. beam directly, then close the gripper. Utilizing U.V. beam irradiation, we can characterize the photoresponse of the microgripper. The experiments show that the photoresponse is rather complicated, as it involves the photostrictive effect, pyroelectric effect, and the thermal deformation phenomenon. All of these have a great impact on the photoresponse. The photostrictive effect, pyroelectric effect and thermal deformation phenomenon are influenced by the characteristics of the input light beam.
An evaluation of the dot-ELISA procedure as a diagnostic test in an area with a high prevalence of human Toxocara canis infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this work was to evaluate a dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) using excretory-secretory antigens from the larval stages of Toxocara canis for the diagnosis of toxocariasis. A secondary aim was to establish the optimal conditions for its use in an area with a high prevalence of human T. canis infection. The dot-ELISA test was standardised using different concentrations of the antigen fixed on nitrocellulose paper strips and increasing dilutions of the serum and conjugate. Both the dot-ELISA and standard ELISA methods were tested in parallel with the same batch of sera from controls and from individuals living in the problem area. The best results were obtained with 1.33 µg/mL of antigen, dilutions of 1/80 for the samples and controls and a dilution of 1/5,000 for the anti-human IgG-peroxidase conjugate. All steps of the procedure were performed at room temperature. The coincidence between ELISA and dot-ELISA was 85% and the kappa index was 0.72. The dot-ELISA test described here is rapid, easy to perform and does not require expensive equipment. Thus, this test is suitable for the serological diagnosis of human T. canis infection in field surveys and in the primary health care centres of endemic regions.
Use of Pyrene for Quantitative Fluorescence Observation of Li-Grease around EHL Contacts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a simple approach for the use of pyrene as fluorescence dye for the observation of the EHL contacts and behavior of lubricants without natural fluorescence properties. Dependence of the light emission of pyrene on its concentration was studied and also, specific emission and excitation spectrum for pyrene dissolved in PAO was found. A mercury lamp was used as the source of the excitation light with proper filter set according to the fluorescence spectrum. Pyrene’s excimer proved to be very resistive against photobleaching and stable in time. This paper also describes experimental methodology on how to improve fluorescence properties of greases by adding pyrene and this approach was also verified by experiments to ensure that there was no influence on grease or pyrene’s emission. This paper also discusses the calibration procedure for valid quantitative experiments.
Application of blood biochemical indexes in colones jute chicken breeding

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the experiment, eggshell color were detected respectively at 412 nm and 670 nm by the equipment ultra-violet Spectrophotometer. The relative content of the unit Porphyrin in the red blood-cell were detected by Capillary centrifuges and Spectrofluorimeter The results showed that the total eggshell pigments in the brown eggshells laid by brown layer showed significantly difference from those of the purple-eggshell pink-eggshell and white-eggshell (p﹤0.01) .The relative content of the unit Porphyrin in the four different color of red blood-cell were significant difference (p﹤0.01) And these results indicated that both porphyri and biliverdin in eggshell could derive from the same substance, hemachrome, upstream.The offspring were chose by the content of the unit Porphyrin in the four different color of red blood-cell.
Variation in Essential Oil Content and Composition in Turkish Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) Populations*

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research was carried out at the University of Ankara, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department and the laboratories of the Food Engineering Department. Twenty-nine anise seed samples were collected from different locations in 9 producer provinces in Turkey and were used as the study materials in order to determine essential oil and essential oil compositions. According to the results, essential oil levels varied from 1.3% to 3.7%. The major component of the essential oil was trans-anethole. This compound ranged from 78.63% to 95.21%. Population 26 may be recommended for trans-anethole percentage and populations 8 and 22 for essential oil content.
O-212 AN INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE HEALTH AMONG SMALL-SCALE GOLD MINERS IN NICARAGUA BY ELIMINATING THE USE OF MERCURY

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Small-scale gold mining is a big mercury polluter worldwide and not just locally among the miners and their community. Although most countries find it difficult to follow the intentions of the Minamata Convention there seem to be more activities to effectuate the ban among the 123 signatories. Law enforcement, support of new technologies, community awareness and focus on health and environment are pivotal in the National Plan model suggested by United Nations Environmental Programme, UNEP. Diálogos has for many years worked all over the World with different models to implement the Benquet mercury-free method. In the mining community La Libertad in Nicaragua focus is on four cooperatives and educating and supporting the interested miners in teaching their peers. Materials and Methods Interviews, questionnaires and focus group are used during an eight months data collection among miners and their families. Data are analysed and presented using sound statistical and analytical methods. Results The results from the one-year intervention in La Libertad in Nicaragua are presented with a focus on the female miners. The result of this intervention and its effect on health will be compared with other interventions in other parts of the world. Discussion- Conclusion The preliminary results show huge interest and ability to change technology among the miners. The stronger the cooperative and the responsibility towards each other in the community, the better the outcome in form of better sustainability and ability to teach other miners the mercury-free method. Hereby gaining a better health outcome for both miners and their families.
Building the skills of discussion and debate

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Students, especially ones who are relatively well-motivated, frequently say they want to discuss or debate issues that are of genuine interest to them. This must partly be so because the idea of discussing and debating issues of consequence is in tune with teenage idealism. Another factor may be a growing desire on the part of many teens to experiment with adult-like ways of relating to others, and the activities of discussing and debating have very adult auras. However, successful discussions depend on a range of skills which young people may need to acquire in a largely step-by-step fashion. This is even truer of successful debates. The skills in question are ones which few 16-year olds, let alone younger pupils, have much mastery of.
Reaction kinetics of NH in the shock tube pyrolysis of HNCO

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The high temperature kinetics of NH in the pyrolysis of isocyanic acid (HNCO) have been studied in reflected shock wave experiments. Time histories of the NH(X 3 Σ − ) radical were measured using a cw, narrow‐linewidth laser absorption diagnostic at 336 nm. The second‐order rate coefficients of the reactions: equation image were determined to be: cm 3 −mol −1 −s −1 , where f and F define the lower and upper uncertainty limits, respectively. The data for k 1a are somewhat better fit by:
An Application of Green's Function Technique for Computing Well Inflow without Radial Flow Assumption

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Well modeling plays an important role in numerical reservoir simulation. The main difficulty in well modeling is the difference in scale between the wellbore radius and the well block grid dimension used in the simulation. Peaceman’s formula is widely used in reservoir simulation in order to match the cell pressure to the local solution of the diffusivity equation describing the flow near the well. However, it was developed under the assumption of radial flow. The objective of this study is to calculate a semi-analytical expression for the well productivity index without making any assumption about radial flow, and to subsequently use it in numerical reservoir simulation. Radial flow may not occur due to boundary conditions at the top (bottom) of reservoir or well trajectory. The well inflow equation can be solved through the Green’s function method (GFM), which may take into account various boundary conditions and different well trajectories. The GFM solution of the diffusivity equation is presented as a series over the eigenvalues of the Laplace differential operator, but the series converges conditionally and its direct summation is time-consuming. This makes the GFM solution impractical for well modeling. Reference [1] presented the method of fast summation of such a series, which was successfully applied for analyzing pressure build up curves. In this paper we apply the same techniques for calculating the well productivity index for horizontal, deviated and partially penetrating wells . It is shown that for reservoirs with a gas cap (or underline water), using Peaceman’s model for the well productivity index leads to a significant discrepancy between the numerical and presented semi-analytical solution. Although local grid refinement around the well leads to a reduction in the discrepancy, it introduces its own set of numerical problems. It is demonstrated that using new expression for the well index models the well inflow with high accuracy even on a coarse grid. [1] E.S. Makarova, D.V.Posvyanskii, V.S.Posvyanskii, A.B. Starostin ECMOR XI P26 2008