jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Weather Trends in Relation to Fluctuations of the Jan Mayen Glaciers Since 1920

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The meteorological records for Jan Mayen have been examined on a seasonal basis in order to obtain a clearer understanding of the fluctuations of the Beerenberg glaciers from 1920 to the present day. Summer and winter have been arbitrarily defined as including those months with mean monthly temperatures, at sea-level, above and below 0°C., respectively. The results indicate that the retreat of Sørbreen prior to 1940 was associated with high summer temperatures and high summer precipitation, and relatively low winter precipitation. A rapid rise in winter precipitation followed, which culminated about 1950. The advance of Sørbreen since about 1954 is thought to have been caused by this rapid rise of precipitation and has also been associated with a slight drop in summer temperature, which is considered to be of secondary importance. The most recent trends of rising summer temperature since 1956 and falling winter precipitation since 1958, if they continue, must lead to a renewed retreat of the glaciers. Studies on Sørbreen in the summer of 1963, which show that the recent advance has ceased, support this view.
Digital Architecture Void Formation In Digital Architecture Interfaces

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the last era of the digital revolution, architectural outputs with distinctive void formations appeared. The development in digital technologies, which adopts solid geometry in the formation of its interfaces. So the void became an integral part of the design at the level of three dimensions, to serves as a fourth dimension of architecture. By connecting architecture with the time, the limits of length, width, and height fade away and change from the limits of place to those of time, and this void shifts out from achieving the aesthetic needs to achieving functional and structural needs. The direct correlation of the architectural void with the process of forming the interfaces led it to be considered as a basic architectural formation unit, and in light of this, the research problem was presented as (insufficient knowledge about the importance and role of the three-dimensional architectural void and the mechanisms of its formation in the interfaces of contemporary digital architecture as a void that generates or creates the design within the needs of the designer and the receiver ). The aim of the research came to reveal the concept of architectural void at the three-dimensional level, as well as revealing strategies and mechanisms for shaping the void in the interfaces. The research adopted the descriptive and analytical research methodology in proposing theoretical knowledge extracted from previous studies of building the theoretical framework for the geometry terms which contains (strategies for forming digital void, characteristics of void in digital output, features of digital spatial structure), and applying it on contemporary architectural models with a qualitative measure that is aimed at knowing the effect of terms on the selected samples and the percentage of their effectiveness in the characteristics of the digital output, and verifying the main research hypothesis which stipulated the adoption of the strategy of forming the digital void to combine the mechanisms of digital formation that is used to create void formation to meet the needs in contemporary architecture. The results indicated that the disappearance of the boundaries between the interior and exterior over time led to the use of the void in the formation of the building’s outer mass at the three-dimensional level so that the formation of the mass is based on that void which is called (design-generating void) and the structure which is created by the void called (the spatial structure), as its formation depended on "geometry" and its methods of formation.
Historical aspects on special education in mathematics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research on failure to master mathematics (often used term: disability) is a modest speciality, compared with related domains. Research on low attaining persons appears to be too much directed towards a small number of topics en vogue while other issues, often more impressive ones, are mainly left unnoticed. Not the least disquieting is the excessive concentration on computation with small natural numbers in a setting of formalism. This presentation has the aim to demonstrate that the number of parameters (factors, vectors, dimensions) is great in the field of research on education and learning mathematics and that research is a problematic matter, due to the complex relations between mathematics, individual and environment (MIE).
Color Changes and Antioxidant Content of Vine and Postharvest-ripened Tomato Fruits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Tomato fruit ripening is a complex, genetically programmed process that culminates in dramatic changes in texture, color, flavor, and aroma of the fruit flesh. The characteristic pigmentation of red ripe tomato fruit is the result of the de novo synthesis of carotenoids, mainly lycopene and β-carotene, which are associated with the change in fruit color from green to red as chloroplasts are transformed to chromoplasts. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ripening conditions on color development and antioxidant content. Detached tomato fruit stored at 15 and 30 °C and vine-ripened fruits were studied to characterize the ripening process by Hue (°) index (CIELab color system), which is strongly influenced by the circumstances of ripening. Total polyphenols, ascorbic acid, and lycopene content of tomato fruits were analyzed at the end of the experiment. Changes in the color of fruit stored at 15 °C and vine-ripened fruit showed significantly higher a* compared with fruit stored at 30 °C. Storage temperature influenced positively ascorbic acid and negatively lycopene content, whereas total polyphenols did not show differences among the different ripening conditions.
Assessing Pb-Cr Pollution Thresholds for Ecological Risk and Potential Health Risk in Selected Several Kinds of Rice

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The expected typical gley moist paddy soil was collected in Zhejiang Province, China, and conventional (XS 134 and JH 218) and varieties of hybrid (YY 538 and CY 84) rices were used for a pot experiment. The effects of exogenous heavy metals lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) on rice growth and the accumulation of heavy metals in the grains were studied. The results show that heavy metal concentrations in soil and rice grains have significant correlations, and Pb and Cr significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the rice growth (plant height and panicle weight). The potential ecological hazard index (RI) of heavy metals in the soil was 4.88–6.76, which belongs to the grade of “slight ecological hazard”, and Pb provides a larger potential ecological hazard than Cr in the studied region. The thresholds for potential health risks and ecological risks for Pb and Cr were lower than the “Control Standards for Soil Pollution Risk of Agricultural Land (Trial)” (GB15618-2018, China). This work provides the basis for soil pollution control for Pb and Cr and the selection of rice cultivars from Pb and Cr accumulated soils.
Teaching Leadership Lessons through the Camera Lens

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Movies appeal to people globally and can be used as a very valuable intellectual exercise in understanding diverse workplace settings, stimulating curiosity toward other cultures, and learning the nuances of leading and managing in a global information context. This study demonstrates how a learning experience involving movies can be utilized in complementing existing pedagogical approaches for imparting leadership lessons. The findings from 101 LIS students’ reflections reveal that a majority of students’ (87%) perspectives about leadership either “changed” or “reinforced” their existing beliefs after studying leadership concepts portrayed in movies. Overall, the findings revealed students’ critical thinking and take-away lessons about leadership, regardless of their response about leadership perspectives (changed, reinforced, or unchanged). This study indicates that by utilizing media in leadership education through carefully crafted pedagogy, LIS instructors can provide students with more realistic examples of positive and negative leadership in a global context.
Biomechanical Evaluation of the Efficacy of Suture Tape Augmentation for Subscapularis Peel Repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Failure of a subscapularis repair construct after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty can result in difficulty with internal rotation and an increased likelihood of dislocation. Although suture tape has been demonstrated to be an efficacious augment for tendonous repairs elsewhere in the body, it has not been investigated as a method for augmenting subscapularis peel repairs. Purpose: To determine the biomechanical efficacy of suture tape augmentation for the repair of a subscapularis peel. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twelve human cadaveric shoulders underwent a subscapularis peel. Specimens were randomly split into 2 groups: 6 specimens underwent repair using a transosseous bone tunnel technique with 3 high-strength sutures placed with a Mason-Allen configuration (control group), and 6 specimens underwent the control repair using augmentation with 2 suture tapes placed in an inverted mattress fashion and secured to the proximal humerus using a suture anchor (augmentation group). Shoulders underwent biomechanical testing to compare repair displacement with cyclic loading, load at ultimate failure, and construct stiffness. Results: There were no significant between-group differences in displacement after cyclic loading at the superior ( P = .87), middle ( P = .47), or inferior ( P = .77) portions of the subscapularis tendon. Load to failure was significantly greater in the augmentation group (585.1 ± 97.4 N) than in the control group (358.5 ± 81.8 N) ( P = .001). Stiffness was also greater in the augmentation group (71.8 ± 13.7 N/mm) when compared with the control group (48.7 ± 5.7 N/mm) ( P = .003). Conclusion: Subscapularis peel repair with augmentation via 2 inverted mattress suture tapes secured with an anchor in the proximal humerus conferred significantly greater load at ultimate failure and construct stiffness when compared with a traditional repair using 3 Mason-Allen sutures. There was no difference in repair displacement with cyclic loading between the repair groups. Clinical Relevance: Suture tape augmentation of subscapularis peel repairs after shoulder arthroplasty provides an effective segment to the strength of the repair.
Vulnerability And Adaptations Of Nigeria's Niger Delta Coast Settlements To Sea Level Rise

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Niger delta Coastal settlements, which are already under stress of demographic pressure and unsustainable oil exploitation, are equally under the threat of sea level rise. Global projections of sea level rise put the area under future inundation of up to 100km in land. The implications are the loss of valuable Biodiversity, land, property, economic activities and livelihoods. Though the impact is not expected to be uniform across board, the flora and fauna already enlisted as threatened will be more vulnerable. The poor, marginalized and economically week would be worst affected. The impact would not be spontaneous and as such economic activities and facilities will gradually be relocated and human population will migrate, creating environmental refugees. The burden, which will be more social than economic will be heavy on the government, the community and other stakeholders. In addition increasing scarcity of land will accelerate the stress on available resources and conflict could ensue. Many adaptation measures are in place to contend the negative impact of sea level rise. These have there financial and environmental cost implications. Because of the prohibitive cost of protection, many developing countries such as Nigeria may not be able to afford such measures. This is more so that there are many issues the nation have to tackle. The most probable and affordable approach is through resilience building and vulnerability reduction. This can be achieved with the collaboration of all the stakeholders in a participatory (bottomtop) rather than by imposition (top-bottom) approach.
Colloid oncotic pressure and levels of albumin and total protein during major surgical procedures.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From the results of this study, it appears that whole blood alone or red blood cells reconstituted with saline solution do not adequately replace the loss of albumin and concomitant decrease in colloid oncotic pressure that occur during extensive intraabdominal and intrathoracic operations. Since colloid oncotic pressure is a major factor in the restitution of intravascular volume from stores of interstitial fluid and since it may also play a role in the development of postoperative pulmonary problems, it is important to maintain a relatively normal colloid oncotic pressure during the operation and in the immediate postoperative period. Although dextran can be used for this purpose, its short half-life of four to six hours and associated coagulation problems militate against its use in large quantities. This leaves purified protein fraction or salt-poor albumin as the main sources of protein for the maintenance of colloid oncotic pressure. Both of these products are expensive and short in supply. The oncometer in present use is a clinically feasible and rapid, one to three minutes, means of determining the colloid oncotic pressure. It permits a rational approach to the use of albumin products, avoiding the pitfalls of under or excess administration in the operative and postoperative periods.
Satunetra Development, Chat Therapy Applications Based on Artificial Intelligence for The Blind

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Nowadays the level of people with disabilities is increasing, the fact is that the most people with disabilities in Indonesia are blind. Most of the blind people experience visual disturbances so that these limitations trigger mental instability and often experience discouragement, stress, anxiety, over-confidence and lack of confidence. Besides that, like normal humans, blind people also need the role of other people, they also need someone to be a friend or a substitute figure who can always accompany them. With the development of increasingly sophisticated technology, an artificial intelligence-based chat therapy application for the blind has a function as a friend as well as a psychological consultant. This study uses the Waterfall application development method. The application testing was carried out at one of the schools for children with special needs in Makassar, so that the results of the application could be seen whether it really was in accordance with the goals and needs. Therefore, the existence of this application makes it possible to foster motivation to have a return in living life even though in limited vision.
Comparing the error‐related negativity across groups: The impact of error‐ and trial‐number differences

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The error‐related negativity (ERN or Ne) is increasingly being investigated as a marker discriminating interindividual factors and moves toward a surrogate marker for disorders or interventions. Although reproducibility and validity of neuroscientific and psychological research has been criticized, clear data on how different quantification methods of the ERN and their relation to available trial numbers affect within‐ and across‐participant studies is sparse. Within a large sample of 863 healthy human participants, we demonstrate that, across participants, the number of errors correlates with the amplitude of the ERN independently of the number of errors included in ERN quantification per participant, constituting a possible confound when such variance is unaccounted for. Additionally, we find that ERN amplitudes reach high consistency within participants at lower trial numbers, yet when comparisons between groups of participants are desired, increasing error‐trial numbers lead to higher statistical power. We derive concrete suggestions for specific types of analyses, which may help researchers to more effectively design studies and analyze error‐related EEG data with the most appropriate measurement technique for the question at hand and trial number available.
Anal transposition (trans-sphincteric ano-rectoplasty) for recto-vestibular fistula

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Imperforate anus with recto-vestibular fistula is the most common form of imperforate anus in females and is an intermediate type of this disease, which is treated surgically. The current study aimed to compare three techniques used for the treatment of imperforate anus with recto-vestibular fistula. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four cases of imperforate anus with recto-vestibular fistula were managed using three main approaches: posterior sagittal ano-rectoplasty, anterior sagittal ano-rectoplasty, and the anal transposition or trans-sphincteric ano-rectoplasty (TSARP). The functional results and cosmetic appearance for each case after treatment were evaluated in patients above 3 years of age (43 cases). Results: The functional outcomes were good in all treatment groups; however, the better cosmetic results were evident in the group treated using TSARP, a technique, which preserves the skin bridge between the new anus and the posterior fourchette, does not disturb the perineal body, and avoids division of the levator muscles. In this group, a continence rate of 100% but a higher constipation rate (41%) than in the other groups was recorded. Conclusion: TSARP is recommended for imperforate anus with recto-vestibular fistula.
True Feints: Samuel Beckett and the Sincerity of Loneliness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: If Company —with all its evasions and cancelled invitations—is a work of unprecedented unguardedness within the Beckett canon, then a special case may be made for its sincerity: that it resides in the novella’s very gambits, decoys and “true feints.” To arrive at such sincerity, Beckett may be read as the modernist novelist of voice—of a confessional voice that exposes its speaker without the buffetings character, plot, or self-dramatization. Such deprivations are, paradoxically, the product of a poetics of interiority and the practice of exagoreusis, a confessional mode in which a penitent verbalizes his thoughts without recourse to thematizing arrangement. Company’s sincere loneliness is therefore not found in any “congruence between avowal and actual feeling,” as Lionel Trilling’s seminal definition goes. Rather, it emerges as something inferential: that which remains when the impossibility of company is subtracted from a desire for it.
Hypercholesterolemia in School Children: A Preliminary Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Six to seven per cent of school children 6 to 14 years of age may have serum cholesterol concentrations above 220 mg. per 100 ml. by the Huang method. This is especially characteristic of children 9, 10, and 11 years old, and is less frequent in children who are younger or older. The serum cholesterol does not differ according to sex; it is not correlated with serum protein-bound iodine, body surface area, beta or pre-beta lipoprotein percentages, or triglyceride values. There is a low but significant correlation of the serum cholesterol values of the parents with those of their children. Using the Harlan nomogram, the hypercholesterolemic children may be classified as Frederickson Types II or III.
A13+ and Similar Ions: A Review

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Literature regarding the biochemistry of aluminum and eight similar ions is reviewed. Close and hitherto unknown similarities were found. A hypothetical model is presented for the metabolism, based on documented direct observations of Al3 &quot; and analogies from other ions. Main characteristics are low intestinal absorption, rapid urinary excretion, and slow tissue uptake, mostly in skeleton and reticuloendothelial cells. Intracellular A13+ is probably first confined in the lysosomes but then slowly accumulates in the cell nucleus and chromatin. Large, long-lived cells, e.g., neurons, may be the most liable to this accumulation. In heterochromatin, Al3 levels can be found comparable to those used in leather tannage. It is proposed that an accumulation may take place at a subcellular level without any significant increase in the corresponding tissue concentration. The possible effects of this accumulation are discussed. As Al ` is neurotoxic, the brain metabolism is most interesting. The normal and the lethally toxic brain levels of Al3 &quot; are well documented and differ only by a factor of 3-10. The normal brain uptake of Al3+ is estimated from data on intestinal uptake of A3l and brain uptake of radionuclides of similar ions administered intravenously. The uptake is very slow, 1 mg in 36 years, and is consistent with an assumption that Al&quot;8 taken up by the brain cannot be eliminated and is therefore accumulated. The possibility that Al ` may cause or contribute to some specific diseases, most of them related to aging, is discussed with the proposed metabolic picture in mind.
13.2 PERIPHERAL IMMUNITY AND IMMUNE RESPONSE TO LPS IN EARLY PSYCHOSIS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Immunological tolerance is dictated by the fine dynamic balance between effector T cells (Teffs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). The up-regulation of Teffs and functional impairment of Tregs cells have been implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes and MS disease. Differentiation and function of T cells is tightly regulated by the cells of the innate immune system and alterations in the functioning and phenotype of monocytes and dendritic cells (DC) have been associated with several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. There is some evidence of alterations in monocyte and T-cell function in psychotic disorders, but systematical studies using modern immunological methods are scarce. We have collected baseline and follow-up blood samples from 32 patients and 48 healthy matched controls. From fresh blood samples we have isolated PBMCs and frozen them for immunological analyses. We have cultured thawed PBMCs with or without LPS for one hour followed by staining of Tregs, Teffs, monocytes, CD141- myeloid DCs, CD141+ myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid DCs with antibodies targeting cell surface receptors. Cell populations were then purified with a flow cytometer (BD Influx) and stored in RNAlater for transcriptome analysis with RNAseq. Dead cells were excluded from the sorting with Sytox blue staining. Frequencies of different cell populations will be analyzed from the FACS sorting data. We are currently analyzing RNAseq and flow cytometry data. The analyses will be ready during next winter and the analyses are presented in the SIRS meeting in spring 2019. Our immunological studies will reveal detailed immunological status of patients with early psychosis and after the follow-up period. The results will be discussed in detail in the SIRS meeting in spring 2019.