jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Value of Positron Emission Tomography With [F-18]Fluorodeoxyglucose in Patients With Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Prospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: To assess prospectively the value of fluor-18-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), in addition to conventional diagnostic methods (CDM), as a staging modality in candidates for resection of colorectal liver metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 51 patients analyzed for resection of colorectal liver metastases, clinical management decisions were recorded after a complete work-up with CDM. Afterward, FDG-PET scans were performed and any change of clinical management according to FDG-PET results was carefully documented. Discordances between FDG-PET and CDM results were identified and related to the final diagnosis by histopathology, intraoperative findings, and follow-up. RESULTS: In 10 (20%) out of 51 patients, clinical management decisions based on CDM were changed after FDG-PET findings were known. FDG-PET detected unresectable pulmonary (n = 5) and hepatic metastases (n = 1) and ruled out extrahepatic (n = 2) and hepatic disease (n = 2). Due to FDG-PET, eight patients were spared unwarranted liver resection or laparotomy and two other patients were identified as candidates for liver resection. When the results of FDG-PET were regarded as decisive in a retrospective analysis, potential change of management was 29% (15 patients). FDG-PET and CDM showed discordant extrahepatic results in 11 patients (22%) and discordant hepatic results in eight patients (16%). Compared with CDM, FDG-PET resulted in true upstaging (n = 11), true downstaging (n = 5), false upstaging (n = 1), and false downstaging (n = 2). The detection rate of liver metastases on a lesion basis was generally better for computed tomography than for FDG-PET (80% v 65%); this was related to tumor size. CONCLUSION: FDG-PET as a complementary staging method improves the therapeutic management of patients with colorectal liver metastases, especially by detecting unsuspected extrahepatic disease.
Precision Agriculture: UAV-Based Soil Mapping and Remote Sensing Applications

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with remote sensing cameras that measure the electromagnetic spectrum of light reflected back from the ground below, this technology does soil mapping and field analysis. The way that different elements reflect different light wavelengths can be used to identify them. Reams of data on those wavelengths are gathered by multispectral image sensors, which power sophisticated AI software that can identify even the smallest variations in the elemental composition of soil. There are numerous positives to soil mapping, including helping farmers choose the best crops, applying the right fertilizers, and scheduling irrigation. Soil mapping also makes it easier to create plans for soil conservation and restoration that work. UAVs facilitate rapid deployment, enabling data collection near end-users, while delivering a more comprehensive and precise dataset compared to traditional camera-based methods. This study will provide effective technical support and decision-making assistance for future agricultural land planning.
REVIEW ARTICLE Enrichment techniques employed in phosphoproteomics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Rapid changes of protein phosphorylation play a crucial role in the regulation of many cellular processes. Being post-translationally modified, phosphoproteins are often present in quite low abundance and tend to co-exist with their unphosphorylated isoform within the cell. To make their identification more practicable, the use of enrichment protocols is often required. The enrichment strategies can be performed either at the level of phos-phoproteins or at the level of phosphopeptides. Both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. Most enriching strategies are based on chemical modifications, affinity chromatography to capture peptides and proteins containing negatively charged phosphate groups onto a positively charged matrix, or immunoprecipitation by phospho-specific antibodies. In this article, the most up-to-date enrichment tech-niques are discussed, taking into account their optimiza-tion, and highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, these methods are compared to each other, revealing their complementary nature in providing com-prehensive coverage of the phosphoproteome.
Seasonal Variations of Polyphenols Content, Sun Protection Factor and Antioxidant Activity of Two Lamiaceae Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Secondary metabolite production by plants is influenced by external environmental factors that can change depending on the seasons, which makes it important to know how the plant, through its metabolism, is able to adapt to these variations. Mentha x villosa and Plectranthus amboinicus present in their chemical composition polyphenols, and through previous studies, it has been seen that these two species present promising in vitro photoprotective activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate seasonal alterations in photoprotective and antioxidant activities and the influence of factors such as precipitation levels and sun radiation incidence. Thus, polyphenol quantification, cromatographics (HPLC-DAD) and multivariate (PCA) analyses of extracts of the two species through twelve months were done. It was observed that the best months for photoprotective and antioxidant activities were September for M. villosa and July for P. amboinicus (SPF = 14.79). It was possible to conclude that solar radiation more clearly influences the production of phenolics and the increase of SPF in M. villosa, in addition to favoring the antioxidant activity of the two species, while precipitation seems to have no influence.
An Innovative Social Mobile Platform to Support Real Time Communication in Peer Tutoring

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper looks into the reasoning, context, and process behind the creation of the Step Up App to be used in the Step Up Club.The Step Up Club is a peer tutoring high school organization that allows students to tutor one another.The paper explains the background and the issues that exist with peer tutoring regarding challenges in communication between tutors and tutees.The app aims to provide the solution for many of those problems in creating a new platform in which students can communicate to one another about any questions regarding school academics.
New flavor production in. gamma. ,. mu. ,. nu. , and hadron beams. [Review]

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

During the last few years the main emphasis in the study of heavy particle production (mainly charm) by means other than e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation has been on the production mechanisms. This review concentrates mainly on the production data in ..gamma.., ..mu.., ..nu.., and hadron beams. The heavy flavor searches divide themselves naturally into three categories, each one characterized by its own peculiar advantages and shortcomings; these are summarized briefly. Then the following topics are taken up: charm production by hadrons (central production, forward production - ..lambda../sub c/ and D production, anomalies and discrepancies), charm production by photons and muons, new flavor production by neutrinos, status of heavier flavors, and production bound flavors (eta/sub c/ search, UPSILON muoproduction, J/psi and UPSILON hadroproduction, J/psi muoproduction). In his outlook for the future, the author presents a few words concerning the status of detectors: emulsions, high-resolution streamer chambers, high-resolution bubble chambers, and solid-state detectors. 83 references, 36 figures, 4 tables. (RWR)
Self-Decoupled Dual-Band Shared-Aperture Base Station Antenna Array

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new decoupling concept for dual-band shared-aperture base station antenna arrays is proposed. By loading arrow-shaped decoupling structures in the hollowed regions of the low-band (LB) loop dipole arms, the LB antenna can yield partial reflection to the high-band (HB) antennas, canceling the HB-coupled wave. A dual-band base station antenna array is designed, fabricated, and measured based on this decoupling concept. With decoupling, the HB radiation patterns are restored. The copolarized in-band couplings between the HB antennas are reduced by about 9 dB, reaching >26.9 dB. The proposed antenna array possesses both cross-band and in-band decoupling abilities, without extra decoupling layer.
Existence results for Schrödinger–Choquard–Kirchhoff equations involving the fractional p-Laplacian

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The paper is concerned with existence of nonnegative solutions of a Schrödinger–Choquard–Kirchhoff-type fractional p -equation. As a consequence, the results can be applied to the special case ( a + b ⁢ ∥ u ∥ s p ⁢ ( θ - 1 ) ) ⁢ [ ( - Δ ) p s ⁢ u + V ⁢ ( x ) ⁢ | u | p - 2 ⁢ u ] = λ ⁢ f ⁢ ( x , u ) + ( ∫ ℝ N | u | p μ , s * | x - y | μ ⁢ 𝑑 y )
Congenital eventration of the diaphragm: An unusual cause of intractable neonatal respiratory distress with variable etiology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We describe two infants dying neonatally of respiratory failure despite all attempts at resuscitation. The most striking finding at autopsy was eventration and reduced muscle content of the diaphragm. Microscopic examination of the skeletal muscles, in combination with retrospective evaluation of the family history, disclosed severe X‐linked centronuclear myopathy in the first patient and congenital myotonic dystrophy in the second. These disorders are probably more frequent than reported before. Their identification is important, not only for genetic counseling of the involved families but also for providing the neonatologist a sufficient explanation for the failure of resuscitation.
Collagen and Cellular Proliferation in Spontaneous Canine Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Towards defining an animal model for study of cellular as well as extracellular matrix accumulation in human benign hypertrophy (BPH), cell number and levels of collagen and zinc were measured in normal and spontaneously hypertrophied canine prostate glands. The increased gland weight in canine BPH was accompanied by increased contents of DNA, collagen and zinc. Concentrations of collagen and zinc in BPH did not differ from normal. These findings indicate that canine BPH involves true hyperplasia and may represent an overgrowth of normal cellular and extracellular components. Canine BPH may prove to be a useful animal model for study not only of cellular proliferation, but also of the connective tissue and zinc accumulation in the human disease.
EXISTENCE AND GLOBAL ATTRAC-TIVITY OF PERIODIC SOLUTIONS TO A CLASS OF DIFFERENTIAL DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The problem of periodic solutions to the following differential difference equations = grad G(x(t))+f(t,x(t-r)) was discussed,where x(t)=(x 1(t),…,x n(t)) T was continuous vector, G(x) was a continuous differential function, f(t,x) was continuous vector function,and f(t+ω,x)=f(t,x),ω0,r0 .By using continuation theorem in coincidence degree theory and constructing Lyapunov functional,some theorems on the existence and global attractivity of periodic solutions were obtained.These results in this paper improved and enlarged related result in [3].
Metal mercury poisoning in two boys initially treated for brucellosis in Mashhad, Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Elemental mercury (Hg) is the only metal which evaporates in room temperature and its inhalation may cause toxicity. Hg poisoning may occur by mishandling the metal, particularly in children who play with it. Wide-spectrum of the clinical presentations of chronic Hg poisoning may cause misdiagnosis, particularly when history of exposure is unknown. We report two cases of accidental Hg poisoning, which initially had been diagnosed and treated for brucellosis. The patients were two brothers (7 and 14 years old) who presented with pain in their lower extremities, sweating, salivation, weight loss, anorexia and mood changes on admission. Meticulous history taking revealed that they had played with a ball of Hg since 3 months before admission. The level of urinary Hg was 125.9 and 54.2 9 g/L in the younger and older brother, respectively (normal ≤25 g/L). The patients were successfully treated by dimercaprol and discharged in good condition 24 days after admission. These cases are being reported to emphasize the importance of acrodynia as a differential diagnosis for brucellosis in endemic areas.
China's quest for economic growth : changing party politics and foreign policy?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since 1978 China decided to open its door to the world, it has drawn more and more attention from other countries in the world. Economic success has resulted in improvement of living standards of majority of Chinese people. However, China also faces many difficulties in economic aspects such as state-owned enterprises (SOEs) reforms, particularly after accession into the WTO. Will the quest for economic growth lead to national policies' changes in China, and will it further lead to change in political policies. But there are some signals from the Communist Party of China (CPC) that we may look into and predict the future development. This is the first main section that will be discussed in this article. In addition, the other major section is analyses of changes in China's foreign policy. The analysis mainly focus on Sino-US relations which also involved China-Taiwan, North Korea and Iraq issue, as well as China-ASEAN relations. The main argument is that China's economic interests are the most important factor in decision making of its foreign policy in recent few years. The author concludes that it is the economic growth quest that drives both domestic politics and foreign policy in China.
Multi-asset portfolio with trapezoidal fuzzy present values

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The main purpose of the following paper is to present characteristics of a multi-asset portfolio in case of present values of composing financial instruments being modelled by a trapezoidal fuzzy number. Throughout the analysis a fuzzy expected discount factor and imprecision risk assessments are calculated. Thanks to that, there arises a possibility to describe the influence of portfolio diversification on imprecision risk. Presented theoretical inference and obtained conclusions are supported by numerical example.
Blowing-up Hermitian Yang--Mills connections

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We investigate hermitian Yang--Mills connections for pullback vector bundles on blow-ups of Kähler manifolds along submanifolds. Under some mild asumptions on the graded object of a simple and semi-stable vector bundle, we provide a necessary and sufficent numerical criterion for the pullback bundle to admit a sequence of hermitian Yang--Mills connections for polarisations that make the exceptional divisor sufficiently small, and show that those connections converge to the pulled back hermitian Yang-Mills connection of the graded object.
On the Fairness of Causal Algorithmic Recourse

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Algorithmic fairness is typically studied from the perspective of predictions. Instead, here we investigate fairness from the perspective of recourse actions suggested to individuals to remedy an unfavourable classification. We propose two new fair-ness criteria at the group and individual level, which—unlike prior work on equalising the average group-wise distance from the decision boundary—explicitly account for causal relationships between features, thereby capturing downstream effects of recourse actions performed in the physical world. We explore how our criteria relate to others, such as counterfactual fairness, and show that fairness of recourse is complementary to fairness of prediction. We study theoretically and empirically how to enforce fair causal recourse by altering the classifier and perform a case study on the Adult dataset. Finally, we discuss whether fairness violations in the data generating process revealed by our criteria may be better addressed by societal interventions as opposed to constraints on the classifier.
Application driven variable reordering and an example implementation in reachability analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Variable reordering is the main approach to minimize the size of Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams. But despite the huge effort spent, up to now, to design different reordering heuristics, their performance often does not meet the needs of the applications. In many OBDD-based computations, the time cost for reordering dominates the time spent by the computation itself. There are some known approaches for accelerating the reordering by taking advantage of structural properties of OBDDs and functions represented. In this paper, we propose a reordering method that exploits application specific information. The main idea is to drive the reordering process by the computation. This effects an acceleration of the whole computation rather than of the reordering only. The power of the approach is illustrated by speeding up forward traversal of finite state machines.
The Impact of Natural Disasters on the World’s Ecological System

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This article examines the impact of catastrophic factors on the ecology of the Earth. Natural cataclysms of geophysical, geological, hydrological, atmospheric and other origin, can have a devastating effect on human life, its economic activity, as well as on the entire ecological system. Disturbances of the landscape environment, affect the ecological conditions. They lead to destruction of flora and fauna, redistribution of water reserves, human and animal habitats. In connection with this problem, work has been done to study all types of earthquakes and their impact on the world’s ecology. Comparative characteristics of magnitudes according to G.F.Richter scale, focal depths and number of earthquakes occurring in the world during the year are given. Observations show that the damage caused to man and the world ecology in the aftermath of disasters depends on the amount of energy released during fluctuations of the earth’s surface.
New Insights into pH-dependent Complex Formation between Lignosulfonates and Anthocyanins: Impact on Color and Oxidative Stability

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Anthocyanins have limited application as natural colorants and antioxidants due to their color loss and instability under certain conditions. This research explores the formation of a complex between lignosulfonates (LS) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) using a multitechnique approach as well as the effect on C3G's red color, oxidative stability, and antioxidant activity in acidic mediums. All data revealed pH-dependent LS-C3G interactions. The thermodynamic parameters showed weak noncovalent interactions, mainly electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic effect, with a higher association constant determined at pH 3. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Zeta-potential experiments further corroborate evidence of these LS-C3G interactions. Fluorescence quenching and lifetime experiments revealed static and dynamic quenching at pH 1 and 3, respectively. UV-visible spectroscopy demonstrated a bathochromic shift upon complex formation and a hyperchromic effect at pH 3 and 4, as a consequence of the improved red color of C3G. Electrochemical results suggested that at pH 3 the LS enhances C3G stability by protecting its oxidizable moieties over time, as well as improving the antioxidant activity of the anthocyanin in the complex.
THE REGIONAL LYMPHATICS IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CANCER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THE CONCEPT of treatment of cancer by radical resection with inclusion of the regional lymphatics stems from the thesis that carcinoma begins as a local disease and extends progressively into neighboring and distant areas chiefly by way of the lymphatics. Much of the credit for proving the soundness of this method of therapy goes to Halsted and Willy Meyer for their work in the field of mammary cancer and to Miles for his contributions in the field of cancer of the rectum. The mass of evidence which has accumulated since their pioneer work has so completely established the validity of this principle of therapy that its soundness is no longer open to question. Less well appreciated is the importance of an intimate knowledge of the details of the anatomy of the lymphatics as a prerequisite for the proper performance of radical cancer surgery. Without this background of preparation, the surgeon
Hepatitis B Immune Globulin: Evaluation of Clinical Trials and Rationale for Usage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of three clinical trials comparing the effectiveness of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and standard immune serum globulin (ISG) in the prevention of Type B hepatitis are presented in this issue. These well conducted studies have as their major strength rigid adherence to a randomized, double-blind, control protocol. In addition, the studies supported by the National Institutes of Health were continuously and closely monitored by a highly qualified policy board, and all candidate hepatitis cases were reviewed by an independent panel that did not have knowledge of treatment schedules. When viewed in composite, these studies suggest that HBIG . . .
Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Mg-Al-Zn-Sn Alloy Sheets

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The microstructure and mechanical responses of the AZ31 with the addition of 1.8% Sn alloys have been studied and compared. Mg alloy sheets were prepared with metal model casting method and subsequent processes by conventional extrusion (CE) and differential speed extrusion (DSE). Mg alloys were hot extruded at 400 o C with the extrusion ratio of 101:1. The microstructure of Mg alloy sheets was examined by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the grains were dynamically recrystallized after the extrusion process. Moreover, DSE process dramatically enhanced the room temperature ductility of the extruded sheets. It was also presented that the Mg alloy processed by DSE exhibite a classical dimple structure as a result of slip accumulation and ductile tear.
AN EXTENDED ATMS FOR DECOMPOSABLE PROBLEMS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

When dealing with nearly decomposable problems such as those described by Simon\n(1973), the problem components may be worked on by different problem solvers that\nare spatially and temporally separated, with each problem solver constrained by\nassumptions it makes about the activities and choices of other problem solvers, that is\nby partial knowledge of the global problem. There are advantages to maintaining multiple\nsolutions locally for as long as possible, even though a single final solution is\ndesired. When it becomes less desirable to retract certain assumptions, these become\nconstraints for other problem solvers and can be communicated to them via a truth\nmaintenance system. We describe an extended architecture for an ATMS for these\nkinds of decomposable problems