jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Aggregation and Phospholipid Intermixing of Oleic-Acid-Containing Phosphatidylcholine Vesicles Induced by Polylysine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Polylysine induced aggregation and phospholipid intermixing between small unilamellar vesicles of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine containing free oleic acid. the process was dependent on pH, being attributed to the presence of oleic acid. Neither intermixing nor leakage of the encapsulated aqueous contents was detected, nor did the size of such vesicles increase after treatment with polylysine. the maximum value of phospholipid intermixing was about 50%. these results are interpreted as representing reversible hemifusion between vesicles, without total membrane fusion.
Activation of Autophagy Relieves Linoleic Acid-Induced Inflammation in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

High levels of soybean oil (SO) in fish diets enriched with linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) could induce strong inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying LA-induced inflammation in the liver of large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea ) has not been elucidated. Based on previous research, autophagy has been considered a new pathway to relieve inflammation. Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate the role of autophagy in regulating LA-induced inflammation in the liver of large yellow croaker in vivo and in vitro. The results of the present study showed that activation of autophagy in liver or hepatocytes could significantly reduce the gene expression of proinflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL1β). The results of the present study also showed that inhibition of autophagy could upregulate the gene expression of proinflammatory factors and downregulate the gene expression of anti-inflammatory factors in vivo and in vitro . Furthermore, autophagy could alleviate LA-induced inflammatory cytokine gene expression in vivo and in vitro , while inhibition of autophagy obtained the opposite results. In conclusion, our study shows that autophagy could regulate inflammation and alleviate LA-induced inflammation in the liver of large yellow croaker in vivo and in vitro for the first time, which may offer considerable benefits to the aquaculture industry and human health.
A3 phenotype with A1 gene-specified enzyme character in serum.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We found an active A enzyme in the serum of A3 phenotype. The level of enzyme activity, pH optimum, Km and Vmax values, and heat stability were not different from those of A1 gene-specified enzyme. Red cell membrane from anti-A agglutinable cells showed weak A enzyme activity, whereas those from unagglutinable cells did not. From these results, it was assumed that the weak A expression in the present case is due to the suppression of A enzyme production only in hemopoietic tissues. This special A3 phenotype is highly accumulated in the Toyama district (frequency of approximately 0.00086).
The Hukum Kanun Lingga: A Grand Legacy of Islamic Legal History in Sarawak

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article aims to explain the significant role of the Hukum Kanun Lingga (HKL) in the history of Islamic law in Sarawak. The Muslim community once used the HKL as a legal reference during the reign of the Brunei Sultanate. This study employs a qualitative approach through the analysis of historical documents and legal texts, as well as philological methods, to understand the linguistic structure and legal context of the manuscript. This approach allows for an in-depth study of the development of Islamic law in Sarawak, particularly through the analysis of the original HKL text. The primary sources for this study are the HKL manuscript and previous studies related to the history of Islamic law in Borneo. The findings indicate that the HKL is a crucial document that validates the practice of Islamic law within Sarawak’s society. The HKL contains laws related to marriage, criminal justice, economics, and land ownership, which are based on Islamic Sharia principles and local customs. In conclusion, this study emphasizes that the HKL is an important document that not only highlights the practice of Islamic law in Sarawak but also played a significant role in shaping the social, cultural, and legal structure of the Muslim community during the Brunei Sultanate era. The HKL clearly integrates Islamic Sharia principles with local customs, making it a vital foundation of the legal system at that time. The findings of this study introduce a new narrative on the development of Islamic law in Sarawak, where the HKL serves as solid evidence of the existence of a structured Islamic legal system prior to the Brooke colonial era. Therefore, preserving and further studying this manuscript is essential to understanding the heritage of Islamic law in Sarawak and ensuring it remains appreciated as part of the state’s historical and cultural identity.
Characterising earth scent

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Rationale. Earth scent is the odour emitted from soils. This scent, primarily comprising the alcohols geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), has not been fully characterised, but offers high potential for use as an environmental interrogation tool. Methodology. We utilised our field- based, solid-phase microextraction fibre method to test the hypothesis that soil activity and soil property variation can be detected in situ by comparing biogenic volatile emissions. Results. We eliminated sources of error utilising field-based sampling with these fibres, concluding that room temperature storage for up to 7 days is acceptable with minimal loss. Variation in individual fibre affinity for both compounds was higher than expected but no measured concentrations were observed to constitute outliers. Disturbance of minor soil volumes led to significantly higher emission of both compounds over background levels. Soil texture and soil cover had a significant effect on the emission of both compounds. Simulated rainfall, producing the characteristic odour known as petrichor, initiates elevated emission of geosmin. Background (undisturbed soil) concentrations of MIB were occasionally detectable during some sampling events, but geosmin concentrations in the air were always below detection limits without soil disturbance. Virtually all background and disturbed soil samples contained much higher concentrations of MIB compared to geosmin, but geosmin variation between replicates and experimental units was much lower. Discussion. Soil disturbance and soil property variation can be remotely detected using emission of volatile compounds. Correlating emission from the soil with respect to disturbance events and environmental properties could yield a powerful new tool for acquiring soil information.
State Practice of Asian Countries in International Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Dialogue (UBD)Mongolia first proposed the idea of creating a regional security dialogue in Northeast Asia in the early 1980's.At that time, Mongolia called for an all-Asian convention prohibiting the use of force to prevent conflicts.In 2000, Mongolia started studying the possibility of a new official dialogue which led to a conference under the theme "Security Perspectives of Central and Northeast Asia: Ulaanbaatar as a New Helsinki" organized by the Mongolian Institute for Strategic Studies in 2008.Conceived by the President of Mongolia, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, the Ulaanbaatar Dialogue on Northeast Asia Security Initiative (UBD) was publicly announced during the VII Ministerial Conference of the Community of Democracy in Ulaanbaatar on 29 April 2013.Mongolia enjoys friendly relations with all countries of Northeast Asia, namely, the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China, Japan, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the Republic of Korea as well as the United States of America.Mongolia has no territorial disputes with any of its neighboring countries.The country has played an active role in international multilateral mechanisms including the UN, the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) and the
Quality Checks Logit Human Reliability (LHR): A New Model to Evaluate Human Error Probability (HEP)

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the years, several approaches for human reliability analysis (HRA) have been developed. The aim of the present research is to propose a hybrid model to evaluate Human Error Probability (HEP). The new approach is based on logit-normal distribution, Nuclear Action Reliability Assessment (NARA), and Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs) relationship. In the research, shortcomings related to literature approaches are analyzed, especially the limitations of the working time. For this reason, PSFs after 8 hours (work standard) during emergency conditions were estimated. Therefore, the correlation between the advantages of these three methodologies allows proposing a HEP analysis during accident scenarios and emergencies; a fundamental issue to ensure the safety and reliability in industrial plants is emergency Mmnagement (EM). Applying EM methodology, two main aspects are analyzed: system reliability and human reliability. System reliability is strongly related to the reliability of its weakest component. During incidental situations, the weakest parts of the whole system are workers (human reliability) and accidental scenarios influence the operator’s ability to make decisions. This article proposes a new approach called Logit Human Reliability (LHR) that considers internal and external factors to estimate human reliability during emergencies. LHR has been applied in a pharmaceutical accident scenario, considering 24 hours of working time (more than 8 working hours). The results highlighted that the LHR method gives output data more in conformity with data banks than the conventional methods during the stress phase in an accident scenario.
Stones and bones: Do the lithic assemblages at the Middle-Upper Paleolithic boundary support the strict replacement hypothesis for modern human origins?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1829-30, P.C. Schmerling discovered the fragmentary remains of a child's skull In Engis Cave near Liege, Belgium. These fragments were the first Neanderthal remains to be found. This being the pre-Darwinian period and because they exhibited non-modern morphologies, the scientific community showed very little, if any, interest In the find. In 1848, a partial skull from an adult Neanderthal was discovered In a cave located at Forbes Quarry on the Rock of Gibraltar. Like the Belgium skull fragments, the Forbes Quarry skull received scant attention (Klein 1989). It was not until 1856, when workers quarrying in the Feldhofer Cave in the Neander Valley near Dusseldorf, Germany, unearthed the skeletal remains of what appeared to a human skullcap and several postcranial bones, that people began speculating as to their origins and significance of these odd, non-modern, bones (Klein 1989, Wolpoff 1980). Since these initial finds in northern Europe, many Neanderthal remains have been found across Europe, as far west as Great Britain and the Iberian peninsula, eastward into western Asia. Remains have been discovered In Russia and former Soviet Union provinces, the former Yugoslavian Republic, France, Spain, Italy, Iraq and Israel (Wolpoff 1980, Tattersall, et al. 1988). The dating of the finds have the Neanderthals occupying Europe and the Near East/Western Asia from ~100,000 to 35,000 years ago, during the late Pleistocene.
Vortex dipole precession in a Fermi superfluid with Rashba spin-orbit coupling

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a closed-form expression for the time dynamics of a balanced Fermi superfluid with s-wave pairing and Rashba spin-orbit (SO) coupling. Solving the associated self-consistency conditions for an initial number density given by a Gaussian and an initial gap containing a vortex dipole, we show that Rashba SO coupling results in precession of the vortex dipole. The integrated self-consistent gap decays as a function of time, characterising a "transient Fermi superfluid". Our analytic solution forms a starting point for studies of vortex dynamics -- in particular braiding of Majorana fermions -- in Fermi superfluids in the presence of spin population imbalance and two-dimensional SO coupling, which are both required to realize a topological atomic Fermi gas in experiments.
Comparative study of intrathecal isobaric and hyperbaric ropivacaine in Caesarean delivery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Spinal Anesthesia is a common safe, economical, easy to perform and effective technique which provides rapid and reliable anesthesia with muscle relaxation for pts undergoing lower abdominal surgery. To compare isobaric and hyperbaric ropivacaine in patients undergoing cesarean delivery. Prospective Observational Clinical Study patients admitted for elective cesearan Delivery. The Duration of study is one year. 80 patients, aged 21 years to 30 years, belongs to ASA physical status 1 & 2, posted for elective Caesarean delivery under spinal Anaesthesia. These patients are divided into two groups of 40 patients Each. Group I : patients received 2ml of 0.75% Isobaric Ropivacaine (isobaric group), Group H: patients received 2 ml of 0.75% hyperbaric Ropivacaine in dextrose 50mg/ml (Hyperbaric group). There was no significant difference in the onset of sensory block. Time from injection to highest sensory block is significantly higher in isobaric group [Group-I], when compared to hyperbaric group [Group-H]. Time for onset of modified bromage grade 3 is longer in isobaric group than hyperbaric group. Time for motor regression is faster in hyperbaric group than in isobaric group so that early mobilization in hyperbaric group patients than isobaric group patients is possible.
Negative Substance Use Consequences Associated With Noncondom Use Among Male, but Not Female, Alternative High School Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Alternative (or continuation) high schools are institutions designed for students at risk for not graduating due to behavioral, educational, or medical problems. The present study explored the relationship between negative substance use consequences (eg, having trouble at school or work) and noncondom use in this at‐risk population and whether these associations varied by sex. METHODS Participants (N = 1101; 62.9% Hispanic; M age = 16.85) were sampled from 24 alternative high schools in California, and data were analyzed using cross‐sectional multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS We observed a relationship between the number of negative substance use consequences and probability of noncondom use at the last sexual encounter for boys (p < .001) but not girls (p > .05). There were significant associations between specific social consequences (missing school/work) and dependence symptoms (selling personal items to get alcohol or drugs) with noncondom use for boys only. There was a similar association between substance use frequency and noncondom use for boys. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that substance use consequences may be a useful and advantageous indicator of risky sexual behaviors such as noncondom use for boys, but not girls, in alternative high school settings. Future research and intervention programming recommendations are discussed.
Managing Plant Disease Risk in Diversified Cropping Systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Diversification of cereal cropping systems with alternative crops, such as oilseed, pulse, and forage crops, furnishes producers with a range of agronomic and economic options. Crop diversification also improves management of plant diseases through manipulation of host factors such as crop and cultivar selection; interruption of disease cycles through crop rotation, fungicide application, and removal of weeds and volunteer crop plants; and modification of the microenvironment within the crop canopy using tillage practices and stand density. Management practices, such as seed treatment, date and rate of seeding, balanced fertility, control of weeds, field scouting, harvest management, and record keeping, can also be utilized to manage plant diseases. This review evaluates the risks to diversified crop production systems associated with the major plant diseases in the northern Great Plains and the influence of host, pathogen, and environmental factors on disease control. Principles to help producers reduce and manage the risk from plant diseases are presented, and discussion includes strategies for countering fusarium head blight (Fusarium spp.), commonly called scab; and leaf spot diseases in cereals; sclerotinia stem rot [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary] in oilseed and pulse crops; and ascochyta blight (Ascochyta lentis Vassil.; teleomorph: Didymella lentis Kaiser, Wang & Rogers) and anthracnose blight [Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore] in pulse crops. Producers should not rely exclusively on a single management practice but rather integrate a combination of practices to develop a consistent long-term strategy for disease management that is suited to their production system and location.
Clinico-Epidemiological study of poisoning in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The scale of the problem of poisoning is enormous hence clinico epidemiological spectrum of all poisoning cases need to explore to generate the management tool. Methods: This prospective study was done at two medicine units (Unit 5 and 10) of Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July to December 2010 where all poisoning cases were seen. A total of 2890 patients were admitted out of which 600 were taken into the study. Results: Among the poisoning cases 29% were pesticide, 27% travel related poisoning, and 20% benzodiazepine. 70% of poisoning occurred below 30 years of age and male: female ratio was 3:2. Incidence of poisoning was highest among students (31%) and housewives (25%). Majority of the patients were from urban area (76%) and most common intention was suicidal (66%). Familial disharmony was the prime cause (63%) behind poisoning. 42% cases got admitted between 5-8 hours of poisoning and more than 80% patients were admitted in the hospital directly without getting any first aid anywhere. Sixty-eight percent had Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score above 10 during admission. Cardinal clinical features of poisoning were nausea/vomiting (63%), drowsiness (56%), miosis (31%). Seventy percent patients were treated with only general and supportive treatment and specific antidotes were used in 30% cases. Case fatality for pesticide, benzodiazepine/anti-psychotic, rodenticide and snake bite was 6.9%, 2.2%, 8.3% and 3.3% respectively. Conclusion: To assess the magnitude of problem, awareness of the public for prevention, immediate first aid measures and quick hospital admission is crucial component of poisoning.
Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in pediatric patients - Operative and postoperative experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Acute appendicitis is very frequently encountered in children. Despite many scientific controversies in supporting classical or laparoscopic appendectomy, there is still no official consensus on this issue. This study aimed to present our experience from the comparison of operative and postoperative effects of laparoscopic and open appendectomy in pediatric patients with acute appendicitis. Materials and methods: The analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, the Republic of N.Macedonia during the period 2015/2022. The study sample covered 184 hospitalized pediatric patients aged 4-14 years treated with laparoscopic (LA) or open appendectomy (OA). The data of interest included demographic characteristics, and selective operative and postoperative parameters. Results: The average age of the children in LA vs. OA group was 9.63±2.70 with min/max of 4/14 vs. 9.16±2.91 with min/max 2/14 respectively. Postoperative complications were detected in 1 (0.90%) of LA patients and 3 (4.11%) of OA patients with no significant association. Analgesics’ treatment received 57 (51.35%) of the children from LA group and all of the children from OA group. Conversion from LA to OA happen only in 1 (0.54%) child. The evaluation of parents/guardians related to the satisfaction from the cosmetic appearance of the scar the significantly higher level of satisfaction from the scare after LA compared to OA intervention. Conclusions: Laparoscopic appendectomy was found to be feasible and comparable to open approach in terms of operative time and offers advantages over the latter in terms of postoperative pain, length of hospital stay and earlier return of bowel function to normal. It is a safe approach in all types of appendicitis, with an overall better complication profile than OA.
Meningkatkan Kemandirian Belajar Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 melalui Pembelajaran Blended Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research was conducted at Darussalam University Ambon with the research subjects being students of mathematics education in the third semester of the academic year 2021/2022. This study aims to determine student responses to learning independence through blended learning using several indicators of learning independence. The results showed that most (80%) students in the third semester of the Mathematics Education Study Program at the University of Darussalam Ambon were in the good category with the following description: : (1) 69% of students have learning initiatives; (2) diagnose the learning needs of 76% of students; (3) setting the target or learning objectives owned by students as much as 73%; (4) monitor, regulate and control 81% owned by students; (5) views difficulties as challenges that are owned by 73% of students; (6) utilize and look for relevant sources owned by students as much as 75%; (7) choose and apply learning strategies owned by students as much as 77%; (8) evaluate the process and learning outcomes owned by students as much as 75%; (9) students' self-efficacy (self-concept) is 78%.
A new pulse generator for pulsed ESR

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The construction of a new high-resolution multichannel low-cost pulse generator is reported. It is fully computer controlled through a simple RS232 serial interface. Its features are 1 ns resolution within any time, pulse delays up to 16 ms and pulse lengths up to 65 mu s, and pulse sequence repetition rate from 66 Hz up to 250 kHz. It has fully programmable sequencing, including step increments for any pulse delay or length. It governs a pulsed ESR spectrometer, which is also described, but it could be used in a very wide range of experimental set-ups. A few examples of spin-echo detected ESR and ESEEM of some paramagnetic centres are shown.
Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce and Its Mechanisms in Japan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

米国の家族研究では，親の離婚経験が，子どもの教育達成や社会経済的地位達成の不利，成人期の貧困や格差の再生産につながりうること，子ども自身の離婚という形で離婚の世代間連鎖が生じていることが明らかになっている．日本でも近年離婚を経験する者が増加しているが，特に離別母子世帯では，社会保障制度が十分な効果を有さず，貧困が解消されにくい状況にある．日本でも離婚の世代間連鎖が顕著ならば，子どもがいる世帯では母子世帯が世代的に再生産されやすく，貧困の世代的な再生産とも関連しうる．日本では離婚の世代間連鎖を検証した研究はきわめて少なく，そのメカニズムについてはほとんど明らかになっていない．本稿では，米国の研究を参考に，離婚の世代間連鎖の実態と，それを媒介するメカニズムとして子の教育達成と早婚の効果を検討した．「働き方とライフスタイルの変化に関する全国調査（JLPS）」の若年・壮年データを用いた分析の結果，親の離婚経験は自身が離婚を経験する確率を高める効果があり，日本においても男女ともに離婚の世代間連鎖が存在することが示された．また，親の離婚経験の効果の一部は低い教育達成と早婚を媒介していることが示唆された．離婚の世代間連鎖は，部分的ではあるが，教育達成における不利，早婚，自身の離婚を経由し，子どもがいる場合に母子世帯，そして貧困の世代的な再生産が生じている可能性がある．