jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Barriers And Facilitators To Implementing A Continuing Medical Education Intervention In A Primary Health Care Setting

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Continuing medical education (CME), as a systematic attempt to facilitate change in General Practitioners’ (GPs) practices, is considered crucial, assuming that if physicians are up-to-date, they will change and improve their practice, resulting in better performance and ultimately better patient care. However, studies continue to demonstrate considerable gaps between the real and ideal performance and patient-related outcomes. The objective of this study was to explore GP’s perception of the factors affecting the implementation of a CME digital platform in a primary health care setting. Methods: Our work is framed in a larger effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 1 study, where a Digital Behaviour Change Intervention (DBCI), called ePrimaPrescribe, was developed and implemented with the aim of changing benzodiazepines (BZD) prescribing patterns. Our design used mixed methodologies to obtain an enriched knowledge on GPs’ perspectives on the facilitators and barriers to implementing a Digital Behaviour Change Intervention (DBCI) applied to CME. To do so, we used data coming from an onsite questionnaire, an adapted version of the Barriers and Facilitators Assessment Instrument (BaFAI) and in-depth interviews. Results: From the 47 GPs successfully included in the intervention arm of our cluster-randomized effectiveness study, we collected 37 onsite questionnaires, 24 BaFAIs, and performed 12 in-depth interviews. GPs reported as the main barriers to CME a lack of time, a perception of work overload, a lack of digital competence, a lack of digital infrastructure, and motivational and emotional factors. They reported as facilitators to CME delivered through a DBCI the convenience of the delivery method, the practical and pragmatic characteristics of the content, the liaison with specialists, and the possibility for CME to be mandatory. Conclusions: The perceptions of the barriers and facilitators reported by GPs represent an important contribution to improving knowledge regarding the factors influencing the implementation of CME in primary health care settings. We consider that our study might bring useful insights to other countries where primary health care plays a central role in the provision of care. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT04925596
Optically Induced Rapid Wetting Transition on Zn-Polar and O-Polar Zinc Oxide

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The design and fabrication of surfaces that support rapid wetting transition remain technologically challenging. Here, we examine the effects of optical illumination on the wetting behaviors of zinc oxide (ZnO) single crystals. We find that ultraviolet irradiation above the band gap energy promotes a rapid wetting transition, characterized by sliding of the water droplet, within a few seconds. Notably, the transition for Zn-polar (0001) ZnO surfaces is even faster than that for O-polar (0001̅) ZnO surfaces. We confirmed that process is dependent on power, surface polarity, and solution pH and reversible through illumination by near-infrared light, which restores the water contact angle back to its initial value. Surface chemical analysis revealed that the instantaneous photocatalytic formation of surface-terminated hydroxyl (-OH) groups is responsible for the observed rapid wetting transition. Density functional theory calculations with the inclusion of onsite Coulomb interactions revealed that both the Zn-polar and O-polar surfaces can be easily covered with -OH groups through the adsorption of -OH groups or hydrogen atoms, respectively. This study develops a route to fabricate optically active and controllable microfluidic devices that support rapid wetting transitions for water droplet manipulation.
Mismatch verbs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The term ‘deponent’ traditionally refers to a class of verbs in Latin or Greek which is characterized by a mismatch between their morphological form and their syntactic and semantic context. Deponent verbs appear in passive form but in active syntax/semantics. In this paper, I argue that this mismatch between form and function is not as uncommon as one might expect. In particular, I show that we find the same kind of mismatch with unaccusative verbs in many languages amongst which are English or the Romance languages. The argumentation will be based on a detailed investigation of how deponent and unaccusative verbs behave in all modules of the grammar. Based on the findings of this discussion, I propose a unified morphosyntactic analysis for deponents and unaccusatives. The analysis elegantly captures the particular behavior of these verbs by invoking two principles: Identity Avoidance and Lexical Override.
Electrophysiological effects of mucosal Cl- removal in Necturus gallbladder epithelium

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The factors responsible for the cell membrane hyperpolarization elicited in Necturus gallbladder epithelium on Cl- removal from the mucosal bathing solution were evaluated with conventional and ion-sensitive microelectrode techniques. Cl- removal causes reversal of apical Cl- -HCO3- exchange, resulting in a fall in intracellular Cl- activity (aiCl) and an increase in intracellular pH (pHi). Concomitantly, the cell membranes hyperpolarize to values close to the K+ equilibrium potential (EK), aiNa falls, and aiK rises. The observed changes in membrane voltage are not attributable to a pHi-dependent increase in cell membrane K+ permeability (PK), because 1) the cell membrane resistances increased and 2) elevating solution partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) to counterbalance the cellular alkalinization on mucosal Cl- removal caused a further hyperpolarization of the cell membranes to values greater than EK. This additional hyperpolarization was related to the activity of the Na+ pump, inasmuch as it was accompanied by an increase in aiNa and was ouabain sensitive. These results are consistent with, but do not prove, pump electrogenicity. During the period of Cl- removal from the mucosal bathing solution, the cell membrane depolarization caused by raising serosal K+ concentration was increased, whereas the depolarization caused by lowering serosal Cl- concentration was decreased, compared with substitutions under control conditions. These results indicate that mucosal Cl- removal causes a decrease in basolateral PCl, which we speculate could be due to a decrease in cell volume. We conclude that the hyperpolarization of the cell membranes on mucosal Cl- removal is primarily due to the combined effects of the fall in basolateral PCl and the increase in basolateral ECl.
Dynamic 3D shape reconstruction under complex reflection and transmission conditions using multi-scale parallel single-pixel imaging

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Depth measurement and three-dimensional (3D) imaging under complex reflection and transmission conditions are challenging and even impossible for traditional structured light techniques, owing to the precondition of point-to-point triangulation. Despite recent progress in addressing this problem, there is still no efficient and general solution. Herein, a Fourier dual-slice projection with depth-constrained localization is presented to separate and utilize different illumination and reflection components efficiently, which can significantly decrease the number of projection patterns in each sequence from thousands to fifteen. Subsequently, multi-scale parallel single-pixel imaging (MS-PSI) is proposed based on the established and proven position-invariant theorem, which breaks the local regional assumption and enables dynamic 3D reconstruction. Our methodology successfully unveils unseen-before capabilities such as (1) accurate depth measurement under interreflection and subsurface scattering conditions, (2) dynamic measurement of the time-varying high-dynamic-range scene and through thin volumetric scattering media at a rate of 333 frames per second; (3) two-layer 3D imaging of the semitransparent surface and the object hidden behind it. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method paves the way for dynamic 3D reconstruction under complex optical field reflection and transmission conditions, benefiting imaging and sensing applications in advanced manufacturing, autonomous driving, and biomedical imaging.
Adult trade apprentices: exploring the significance of recognition of prior learning and skill sets for earlier completion

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The average age profile of apprentices is changing and increasing numbers of adults over the age of 25 are starting an apprenticeship. This study explores the use and uptake of recognition of prior learning (RPL) amongst adult apprentices, along with a consideration of the impacts to earlier completion and the pay-off in terms of employment outcomes and wages. Overall, shortened pathways are not adversely affecting outcomes but cultural attitudes, inconsistent treatment, funding of RPL, and skill sets is affecting uptake.
Risk Matrix as a Tool for Risk Analysis in Underwater Operations in the Oil and Gas Industry

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study is a cross-sectional design assessment of the likelihood, frequency and severity of hazards associated with underwater operations in the Niger Delta. Five oil and gas companies were used for this study selected by a purposive method given that they had the highest number of workers involved in underwater operations. A sample size of 418 was computed to which the questionnaires were administered with response rate of 95.93%. Data analyses were carried out to cover descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and Pearsonal correlation coefficients. The 4 by 4 risk assessment matrix for the likelihood and consequences showed that 8 out of 20 underwater hazards were categorized as having very high risk according to their risk ratings. The eight hazards categorized based on their risk IDs were H01, H03, H04, H08, H10, H11, H12, and H15. The 4 by 4 risk matrix for frequency and consequences revealed that two hazards (Piracy & bandit attack/kidnapping (H01) and Other main vessels/heavy object dropping or falling load/collision (H08)) were identified to be of very high risk.
Poly- N -Acetylglucosamine Production by Staphylococcus epidermidis Cells Increases Their In Vivo Proinflammatory Effect

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Poly- N -acetylglucosamine (PNAG) is a major component of the Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm extracellular matrix. However, it is not yet clear how this polysaccharide impacts the host immune response and infection-associated pathology. Faster neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance were observed in mice challenged intraperitoneally with S. epidermidis biofilm cells of the PNAG-producing 9142 strain than in mice similarly challenged with the isogenic PNAG-defective M10 mutant. Moreover, intraperitoneal priming with 9142 cells exacerbated liver inflammatory pathology induced by a subsequent intravenous S. epidermidis challenge, compared to priming with M10 cells. The 9142-primed mice had elevated splenic CD4 + T cells producing gamma interferon and interleukin-17A, indicating that PNAG promoted cell-mediated immunity. Curiously, despite having more marked liver tissue pathology, 9142-primed mice also had splenic T regulatory cells with greater suppressive activity than those of their M10-primed counterparts. By showing that PNAG production by S. epidermidis biofilm cells exacerbates host inflammatory pathology, these results together suggest that this polysaccharide contributes to the clinical features associated with biofilm-derived infections.
Promising Directions for Production and Application of Inorganic Sorbent Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This work highlights modern approaches to the production and areas of practical application of composite sorption-active materials based on inorganic sorbents. The physicochemical properties and parameters of the porous structure of composite sorbents are shown. Emphasis is placed on controlled sorption processes using various types of energy by means of an example of inorganic sorbents. Methods for producing sorption materials from alternative raw materials represented by inorganic technogenic waste are analyzed.
Contexts Matter: An Empirical Study on Contextual Influence in Fairness Testing for Deep Learning Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Background: Fairness testing for deep learning systems has been becoming increasingly important. However, much work assumes perfect context and conditions from the other parts: well-tuned hyperparameters for accuracy; rectified bias in data, and mitigated bias in the labeling. Yet, these are often difficult to achieve in practice due to their resource-/labour-intensive nature.
Aims: In this paper, we aim to understand how varying contexts affect fairness testing outcomes.
Method: We conduct an extensive empirical study, which covers cases, to investigate how contexts can change the fairness testing result at the model level against the existing assumptions. We also study why the outcomes were observed from the lens of correlation/fitness landscape analysis.
Results: Our results show that different context types and settings generally lead to a significant impact on the testing, which is mainly caused by the shifts of the fitness landscape under varying contexts.
Conclusions: Our findings provide key insights for practitioners to evaluate the test generators and hint at future research directions.
[Isolation and identification of triterpene sapogenins from Glycyrhiza uralensis Fisch].

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Seven triterpene sapogenins were isolated from the rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Five of them were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods as methyl glycyrrhetate(A), glabrolide(C), methyl 3β, 24-dihydroxyolean-11, 13(18)-diene-30-oate(D), methyl 24-hydroxyglycyrrhetate(F) and 24-hydroxyglabrolide(G). The last one is a new triterpene sapogenin. Studies of the chemical structure of the other two compounds (B, E) are in progress.
The (Na++K+) activated enzyme system and its relationship to transport of sodium and potassium

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It seems to be the membrane bound (Na + +K + )-activated enzyme system which transforms the energy from a hydrolysis of ATP into a vectorial movement of sodium out and potassium into the cell against electrochemical gradients, i.e. this systems seems to be the transport system for sodium and potassium (see, for example, review by Skou, 1972; Hokin & Dahl, 1972).
Experimental verification of isotope shift and hyperfine structure of some even parity levels of neutral Eu

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The results of measurements of the hyperfine structure of 31 classified and four unclassified spectral lines in the europium atom, obtained by using the laser induced fluorescence method, are presented. On the basis of experimental results, the values of the hyperfine structure constants and the isotope shifts for seven hitherto unmeasured levels belonging to even configurations (among them for three entirely new levels with unknown energies) were determined and the respective values known from literature for another 19 levels were verified. Since the motivation for undertaking investigations within this work was an inconsistency in the semi-empirical description of the hyperfine structure and the isotope shifts for some even levels in the europium atom, a detailed discussion of this problem is presented.
RELEVANCE OF FORMING A COLLECTIVE OF STUDENTS IN THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article justifies the relevance of forming a collective of students in the school environment. The development characteristics of the school staff are considered, taking into account the individual characteristics of the students. Professional abilities, and skills, as well as the pedagogical image of the teacher, reflect effective methods of organizing various forms of creative and effective activity together with the class. We understand the pedagogical management of the student body as a pedagogical effect aimed at the development of the personality of each student, aimed at quality changes in the student body. The consistency of the student collective is expressed by the ability of self-management. Pedagogical management should undergo changes based on the development stages of the student body. The level of pedagogical management should correspond to the level of development of the student collective. The culminating point in the experience is the functional transition of pedagogical management to self-management of the student collective.
Limit cycle behavior in three or higher dimensional nonlinear systems: the Lotka-Volterra example

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The existence of limit cycle behavior in three or higher dimensional nonlinear systems is studied. The procedure by which the existence of limit cycles is established consists of two steps: 1) the boundedness of the system states is established; and 2) all equilibrium points of the system are destabilized. This procedure is applied to a three dimensional Lotka-Volterra system to determine sets of parameters for which the system exhibits limit cycle behavior. The procedure by which the existence of limit cycle behavior in nonlinear systems is established, is applicable to planar or higher dimensional systems conveniently. However, establishing the boundedness of the system states (step 1) may be difficult for some systems. Moreover, this procedure does not exclude the possibility of quasi-periodic or chaotic behaviors.
Fluid loss to the fore-arc controls the recycling efficiency of nitrogen in subduction zones

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Nitrogen is a crucial element for life on Earth as it dominates the planet's atmosphere and is present in the deep geological cycle. Previous studies have shown that nitrogen quickly degasses during melting, leaving behind a nitrogen-depleted residue. Nitrogen-rich igneous rocks are rare, whereas diamonds commonly contain appreciable nitrogen: these probably originate from domains enriched with recycled nitrogen from the surface. However, the extent to which the surficial nitrogen cycle interacts with the deeper Earth and the proportion of nitrogen transported into the mantle by subduction zone processes are poorly understood. Previous experimental studies have largely focused on hot subduction zones and suprasolidus conditions, in which siliceous melts are assumed to be the primary carriers of nitrogen. In this study, we present 22 new experiments in the pressure and temperature range of 2–2.7 GPa and 300–800 °C to investigate the partitioning of nitrogen between muscovite mica and a fluid phase in the subsolidus regime of modern, cold to intermediate temperature subduction zones. DN(Mica/Fluid) ranges from 0.1 to 0.2 and shows a weak negative trend with respect to P/T, meaning that nitrogen partitions preferentially into fluid at high pressure and low temperature. This contrasts with DN(mica+melt/fluid) in the suprasolidus regime of subduction zones, which shows a strong positive dependency on P/T, mainly because nitrogen is concentrated in the melt. We determined that the loss of nitrogen to subduction fluids is higher in cold subduction zones at >600 °C (antigorite breakdown), where the slab surface remains subsolidus beyond the volcanic arc front. Increasing DN(mica+melt/fluid) with P/T favours nitrogen retention in the mineral and melt phases under suprasolidus conditions. Recycling of nitrogen to the deeper mantle is probably rare on the modern Earth, whereas the return of nitrogen to the mantle is favoured in hotter subduction zones since melt-rock interaction favours the formation of mica-bearing metasomes that could act as a reservoir for nitrogen. Hence, nitrogen return to the mantle was probably more effective in the young Earth. Additionally, we explored the nitrogen source for diamond-forming fluids using the experimentally determined partition coefficients. While the shift from compatible to incompatible behaviour of NH4 in mica with increasing P/T limits surface-to-mantle nitrogen cycling to the upper few hundred kilometres, it enables a transport pathway for nitrogen to reach lower cratonic depths and the source regions of diamond-forming fluids. This pathway is favoured by intermediate to hotter subduction zone temperatures that applied in early to intermediate ages of the Earth.
Salicylate procedure for the Cobas-Bio analyzer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Salicylate procedure for the Cobas-Bio analyzer. Get access D Landek D Landek Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 31, Issue 10, 1 October 1985, Page 1765, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.10.1765a Published: 01 October 1985
Effect Of Intensity Scintillation On The Stimulated Rotational Raman Threshold In Hydrogen

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Threshold measurements of stimulated rotational Raman scattering in hydrogen have been performed for the case of a linear and circularly polarized pump, with and without atmospheric-like phase distortions. Since the effects of Stokes-anti/Stokes (SAS) coupling disappear with circular polarization, the comparison of threshold measurements with each polarization provides a direct measurement of the effective gain reduction caused by SAS coupling combined with turbulence induced intensity scintillations. The results are in good agreement with Raman code calculations.
GEEP: A LOW POWER GENETIC ALGORITHM LAYOUT SYSTEM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we present GEEP, a genetic algorithm for low power standard-cell placement. GEEP reduces interconnect capacitance by an average of 20% over recursive min-cut area optimizing placement. It incorporates a number of heuristics to produce good placements fast relative to existing GAS, including a novel method for handling low population diversity. We tested GEEP on a suite of MCNC benchmarks and found this hybrid approach successful in producing good post-placement results in a reasonable number of generations. 1. MOTIVATION For the last twenty years, digital systems research has focused on increasing performance. The results of these efforts are substantial. Present-day technology operates many orders of magnitude faster than it did only a decade ago, while using dramatically less physical space. This trend has made digital devices fast, small, and relatively inexpensive. The ultimate outcome of this “digital revolution* is that computing devices are omnipresent in modern society. This technological change has made possible notebook computers and personal digital assistants (PDAs), which are expected to gain 32% of the personal computer market share by the year 1996 [Sin94]. It has been this explosive growth in portable computing that has spawned the majority of current low-energy VLSI research. Users of these machines refuse to sacrifice performance for extended battery life, which implies that marketwise developers must discover novel methods for minimizing energy consumption or lose competitive advantage in this rapidly expanding field. Drastic improvements in battery technology do not appear forthcomin - 30% growth over the next five years has been estimated bSB92, so efforts targeting energy must come from within the V !L SI CAD community.