jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data from EBF1-Mediated Upregulation of Ribosome Assembly Factor PNO1 Contributes to Cancer Progression by Negatively Regulating the p53 Signaling Pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>The RNA-binding protein PNO1 is critical for ribosome biogenesis, but its potential role in cancer remains unknown. In this study, online data mining, cDNA, and tissue microarrays indicated that PNO1 expression was higher in colorectal cancer tissue than in noncancerous tissue, and its overexpression was associated with worse patient survival. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that PNO1 knockdown suppressed growth of colorectal cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, while PNO1 overexpression promoted colorectal cancer cell proliferation <i>in vitro</i>. In colorectal cancer cells expressing wild-type p53, PNO1 knockdown enhanced expression of p53 and its downstream gene p21, and reduced cell viability; these effects were prevented by p53 knockout and attenuated by the p53 inhibitor PFT-α. Moreover, PNO1 knockdown in HCT116 cells decreased levels of 18S rRNA, of 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits, and of the 80S ribosome. It also reduced global protein synthesis, increasing nuclear stress and inhibiting MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and p53 degradation. Overexpressing EBF1 suppressed PNO1 promoter activity and decreased PNO1 mRNA and protein, inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis through the p53/p21 pathway. In colorectal cancer tissues, the expression of EBF1 correlated inversely with PNO1. Data mining of online breast and lung cancer databases showed increased PNO1 expression and association with poor patient survival; PNO1 knockdown reduced cell viability of cultured breast and lung cancer cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that PNO1 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and correlates with poor patient survival, and that PNO1 exerts oncogenic effects, at least, in part, by altering ribosome biogenesis.</p>Significance:<p>This study identifies the ribosome assembly factor PNO1 as a potential oncogene involved in tumor growth and progression of colorectal cancer.</p></div>
Optimum Ventilation Rates for Pig Carcass Composting

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The conventional disposal of dead animal carcasses is land burial in China. However, it poses a potential contamination risk to groundwater at burial sites. Composting carcasses not only greatly reduces the volume and mass of the wastes, but also destroys pathogens.Ventilation is a key factor influencing the composting efficiency. Here an experiment was conducted using composting bins to determine the optimum ventilation rate of dead pig composting. The dimensions of the composting bin were 1 m(length)×1 m(width)×1 m(height). Three ventilation rates of 100 L·min-1·m-3, 80 L·min-1·m-3and 60 L·min-1·m-3, designated respectively as treatment 1, 2, and 3, were designed with 3 replicate composting bins each treatment. Dead pigs with a total weight of 57.7~58.5 kg were put in the center of each bin containing mixture of corn stalks and pig manure. The composts obtained under average daily temperature over 55 ℃ for 45 d, 35 d, and 43 d for treatment 1, 2 and 3, respectively, met the national standard. The degradation rates(wet basis)of dead pigs after 46 d fermentation were(95.6±1.1)%,(94.6±2.2)% and(96.2±1.5)% for treatment 1, 2 and 3, respectively, with no significant differences observed among treatments.At the end of composting, the composts contained fecal coliform of 3 MPN·g-1, pH of 8.3 to 8.4, and organic matter(dry base)ranging between 45.5% and 51.1%. All values satisfied the China National Standards for Organic Fertilizer. The ventilation rate of 60 L·min-1·m-3for dead pig composting is recommended.
Whither the Ombudsman?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The British version of the Ombudsman has remained essentially the same since its introduction in 1967. The changes in public administration under the Thatcher-Major governments and the constitutional reforms of the Blair government have provided a climate of change for the public sector Ombudsman services. In the light of international comparisons this article considers what are the distinctive features of the British model and the extent of their inter-linkedness. After an analysis of the recently completed Cabinet Office review and developments in the financial services sector, the article argues that the time is ripe for four radical developments of the Ombudsman system: abolition of the MP filter; a self-starting power; a ‘legislative comment’ role; and the integration of the public sector schemes.
Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Study of Polyazulene/BBL-PEO Donor–Acceptor Composite Layers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Donor−acceptor composite layers made of the electrically conducting polymers p-type polyazulene (PAz) and n-type polybenzimidazobenzophenanthroline-poly(ethyleneoxide) (BBL-PEO) were studied. The water dispersible BBLPEO was solution-cast on PAz electropolymerized on Pt or ITO glass electrodes or on the bare electrode surfaces. The doping behavior within both the n- and p-doping potential regions was studied by cyclic voltammetry and in situ spectroelectrochemical techniques: UV−visible and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. All of the results showed contributions from both polymers in the composites, besides the spectral behaviors in the n-doping potential region were mainly controlled by BBL-PEO and in the p-doping region by PAz. Rather stable donor composites with the formation of charge carriers in both n- and p-doping regions were formed. In the BBL-PEO/PAz composite PAz was found to have a higher promoting effect on the formation of charge carriers than in the PAz/BBL-PEO composite. The composites stayed conducting within a broad negative potential region while some charges appeared to be trapped in the layers after the negative potential scan.
PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

IN THE summary of the report of the Expert Committee on Prematurity of the World Health Organization, published in this column in February 1951, Dr. Ethel Dunham indicated the concern of the Expert Committee in regard to uniformity of information on the incidence and mortality of prematurity. The need for uniformity is particularly urgent in a field where there are so many intrinsic variable factors. It has been shown time and again that the ability of a premature infant to survive, under the best of care, is closely correlated with the birth weight, which in itself reflects the stage of maturity. In turn, the stage of maturity at a given weight is affected by sex, race, and whether the child is a single or one of a multiple birth. Uniformly, at a particular stage of maturity, male infants are larger than female, single births are larger than multiple births and, in the United States, white babies are larger than Negro babies. These considerations underline the danger of misinterpretation of so-called over-all rates for the incidence of prematurity and for the mortality of premature infants. For example, at any given weight, Negro premature infants are probably more mature and consequently have a better chance of surviving.
High-fat diet-induced deSUMOylation of E4BP4 promotes lipid droplet biogenesis and liver steatosis in mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Dysregulated lipid droplet accumulation has been identified as one of the main contributors to liver steatosis during nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for excessive lipid droplet formation in the liver remain largely unknown. In the current study, hepatic E4 promoter-binding protein 4 (E4BP4) plays a critical role in promoting lipid droplet formation and liver steatosis in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mouse model. Hepatic <em>E4bp4</em> deficiency (<em>E4bp4-LKO</em>) protects mice from HFD-induced liver steatosis independently of obesity and insulin resistance. Our microarray study showed a markedly reduced expression of lipid droplet binding genes such as <em>Fsp27</em> in the liver of <em>E4bp4-LKO</em> mice. E4BP4 is both necessary and sufficient to activate <em>Fsp27</em> expression and lipid droplet formation in primary mouse hepatocytes. Overexpression of <em>Fsp27</em> increased lipid droplets and triglycerides in <em>E4bp4-LKO</em> primary mouse hepatocytes and restored hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed <em>E4bp4-LKO</em> mice. Mechanistically, E4BP4 enhances the transactivation of <em>Fsp27</em> by CREBH in hepatocytes. Furthermore, E4BP4 is modified by SUMOylation and HFD feeding induces deSUMOylation of hepatic E4BP4. SUMOylation of five lysine residues of E4BP4 is critical for the downregulation of <em>Fsp27 </em>and lipid droplets by the cAMP signaling in hepatocytes. Taken together, this study revealed that E4BP4 drives liver steatosis in HFD-fed mice through its regulation of lipid-droplet binding proteins. Our study also highlights the critical role of deSUMOylation of hepatic E4BP4 in promoting NAFLD. </p>
Data for "Plant trait-environment relationships in tundra are consistent across spatial scales"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

These data and code are associated with the publication Rissanen et al. (2023) "Plant trait-environment relationships in tundra are consistent across spatial scales" published in Ecography (doi:10.1111/ecog.06397). Modelling data are provided separately for each scale and contain community weighted mean traits and environmental variables. Raster stacks of the spatially continuous environmental predictors were used to produce spatial predictions of trait variation at each scale. Provided R codes were used to model trait-environment relationships at the local (LOC), regional (REG) and subcontinental (SUB) scale. The data and analyses are described in the linked publication. The data should be sited properly.
Beam element method for mechanical analysis of 2.5D woven composite: Modeling strategy and finite element method simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work presents a beam element approach for the modeling and high-efficiency simulation of mechanical properties of 2.5D woven composite. For the beam element model, a technical scheme for the parametric modeling of 2.5D woven fabrics was produced. Considering the constraint relationship between the matrix and the fibers, we proposed a method for creating matrix beam elements. Then, a beam element solver was compiled to simulate the mechanical properties of the 2.5D woven composite. Meso-scale analysis of curved shallow-crossing linking 2.5D woven composite using the proposed model obtained the accurate tensile modulus. Full-scale analysis was implemented to simulate bending behavior of straight shallow-crossing linking 2.5D woven composite, and the simulation results agreed well with the experimental results. The above analysis could automatically complete modeling, analysis and post-processing in a relatively short time, reflecting the efficiency advantages of the method in this paper.
Singing bio acoustic profile of Cicadidae around the enviroment of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty Yogyakarta state University

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research is done to identify and describe the singing bio acoustic profile of Cicadidae in the environment of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Yogyakarta State University. This research is a descriptive research through naturalistic observation. The research sample is determine using sampling scan technique for sound which has a highest trending sound intensity on three spots or observation area. The research variables consist of emergence time and Cicadidae singing bio acoustic characteristic. The research instrument used is the Cicadidae singing (sound) audio recorder to obtain Cicadidae singing recording and also the emergence time interval, and bio acoustic (audio) sound analysis software to analyze physical-digitally the characteristic of Cicadidae singing bio acoustic. The data analysis of Cicadidae singing bio acoustic is done descriptively through the analysis results of spectrogram and oscillogram description to show the Cicadidae singing audio characteristic pattern. Key words: bio acoustic proifle, singing , Cicadidae
Prospects of aquaculture of West Bengal, India under Changing climate

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Climate variability refers to the variability observed in the climate record in periods when the state of the climate system is not showing changes. If the climate state changes, usually characterized by a shift in means, then the frequency of formerly rare events on the side to which the mean has shifted might occur more frequently with increasing climate variability. Natural variability is a characteristic of the global climate and occurs on both long and short-time scales. Aquaculture practices involve the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of aquatic organisms in freshwater, brackish water, or marine environments. Aquaculture is a rapidly growing sector of nutrition security in Gangetic West Bengal. A study was conducted on West Bengal in India, one of the eastern states of India. West Bengal state has different types of agroclimatic zones. Aquaculture in West Bengal has tremendous potential to grow as an industry. Residents of West Bengal must understand the value of local wetlands and the importance of the conservation of wet lands. Government institutes should collectively work with different educational hubs, scientists, and NGOs on beneficial issues of the state so that aquaculture conservation and development and appropriate adaptation strategies can be adopted.
Algicidal bacteria-derived membrane vesicles as shuttles mediating cross-kingdom interactions between bacteria and algae

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are crucial biological vehicles for facilitating interspecies and interkingdom interactions. However, the extent and mechanisms of BMV involvement in bacterial-algal communication remain elusive. This study provides evidence of BMVs delivering cargos to targeted microalgae. Membrane vesicles (MVs) from Chitinimonas prasina LY03 demonstrated an algicidal profile similar to strain LY03. Further investigation revealed Tambjamine LY2, an effective algicidal compound, selectively packaged into LY03-MVs. Microscopic imaging demonstrated efficient delivery of Tambjamine LY2 to microalgae Heterosigma akashiwo and Thalassiosira pseudonana through membrane fusion. In addition, the study demonstrated the versatile cargo delivery capabilities of BMVs to algae, including the transfer of MV-carried nucleic acids into algal cells and the revival of growth in iron-depleted microalgae by MVs. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism by which algicidal bacteria store hydrophobic algicidal compounds in MVs to trigger target microalgae death and highlight BMV potency in understanding and engineering bacterial-algae cross-talk.
Modified two-dimensional computational model for electrostrictive graft elastomer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A modified two-dimensional computational model is developed to calculate the electromechanical properties of the electrostrictive graft elastomer. The electrostrictive graft elastomer, recently developed by NASA, is a type of electro-active polymer. In a previous paper, the authors calculated electrostrictive graft elastomer electromechanical properties using a 2-D atomic force field. For this 2-D polymer structure, a much higher electric field was required to produce strain compared with that required in experiments. Two reasons could explain the higher electric field strength: (1) Polymer chain movement is restricted to a 2-D plane rather than to a 3-D plane. Out-plane dihedral torsional angle change would thus not be modeled. For this reason, 2-D polymer chains are less flexible than actual 3-D polymer chains. (2) Boundary effect of the computational model. In the original model, a unit cell consisting of a single graft unit was developed to simulate the deformation of the electrostrictive graft elastomer. The boundary of the unit cell would restrict the rotation of the graft unit. In this paper, a modified 2-D computational model is established to overcome the above problems. Firstly, three-dimensional deformations, induced by both bending angle and dihedral torsional angle changes, are projected onto a two-dimensional plane. Using both theoretical and numerical analyses, the projected 2-D equilibrium bending angle is shown to have the same value as the 3-D equilibrium bending angle. The 2-D equivalent bending stiffness is derived using a series model based upon the fact that both bending and dihedral torsion produce configuration change. The equivalent stiffness is justified by the characteristics of the polymer chain and end-to-end distance. Secondly, a self-consistent scheme is developed to eliminate the boundary effect. Eight images of the unit cell are created peripherally, with the original unit cell in the center. Thus the boundary can only affect the rotation of the eight images, not the central unit cell. The modified 2-D computational model is employed to determine the electromechanical properties of the electrostrictive graft elastomer. Relations between electric field induced strain and electric field strength is calculated. The effect of molecular scale factors, such as free volume fraction, graft weight percentage, and graft orientation are also discussed. The results should enable molecular scale design of the electrostrictive graft elastomer.
Diabetes training for community health workers on an American Indian reservation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives To improve the knowledge and skills of community health workers ( CHW s) on an American Indian ( AI ) Reservation related to the management of diabetes to allow CHW s, with no prior formal diabetes education to work more effectively with individuals in the community with diabetes. Training was provided in six “face‐to‐face” sessions with the CHW s using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CHW Training Resource on Heart Disease and Stroke. Design and Sample This is a quality improvement program guided by the Model for Improvement: Plan, Do, Study, Act and using a pre‐post evaluation design. Ten AI CHW s were recruited for the training. Measures Knowledge and attitudes, participation rates, and participant satisfaction were measured. Results Knowledge increased overall with largest changes in diabetes, depression and cholesterol. Diabetes attitudes were high and consistent with those found in caregivers who support patient‐centered care. Participants reported learning, liking the class, and finding the materials helpful. Conclusion This QI program provided by a public health nurse improved CHW 's knowledge of diabetes and the management of diabetes. Next steps include formalizing the Reservation's CHW training program, expanding this training to other AI Health Service areas, and measuring the impact of CHW s in the community.
Understanding Complementary Basic Education in Ghana: Investigation of the experiences and achievements of children after transitioning into public schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report provides a synthesis of the key findings of research into the impact of the Complementary Basic Education (CBE) programme on boys and girls learning and transitions into public schools in communities in Northern Ghana. The research aimed to provide evidence on the learning outcomes and progress for out of school children who participated in the programme, as well as the extent to which it prepared its graduates for successful transition into public school. In addressing these issues, the research was driven by two key questions: What are the educational trajectories of CBE learners during their 9 months in CBE centres and when they transition to public schools? How do they differ by gender? How, and to what extent, do the learning experiences of CBE graduates equip them for transitioning successfully into public schools and how far do these experiences differ by gender?
Evaluation of the design and reliability of three elastomeric and one mechanical infusers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background. Disposable elastomeric and mechanical (spring mechanism) infusers with pre-fixed flow rates are principally used for long-term antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy, antiviral therapy, and chronic pain management. Methods. Three elastomeric pumps and one mechanical infuser pump are evaluated. The design and function are assessed using specific questionnaires elaborated for the pharmaceutical staff, nurses and patients, respectively. Several tests are performed to determine the flow accuracy and the influence of different parameters such as the temperature, the viscosity, the height, and the restrictor variability. Results. The functional tests show that the perfusion duration is shorter than that specified by the manufacturers, the restrictors are not homogeneous within a batch. However, the temperature of the regulator, the viscosity of the solution, and the height of the reservoir influence the flow rate. Conclusions. The ideal infuser should be small, light, unnoticeable, easy to fill, well identified and have a flow rate barely affected by external factors. None of the infusers has fulfilled all criteria, therefore the choice of infusers depends upon the nature of the treatment. The tested elastomeric infusers are adequate for 5-fluorouracil, but not for a treatment requiring a stable administration rate.
Combining Raman spectroscopy and photodynamic therapy for optical cancer theranostics (Conference Presentation)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Theranostic approaches to cancer management offer the possibility of tailoring treatments to individual patients or tumours. However, the development of theranostic nanoparticles optimally suitable for both diagnostic and therapeutic modalities to achieve this is challenging. Here we demonstrate an alternative nanoparticle-free theranostic approach that circumvents many of the difficulties currently hindering clinical translation. Through the use of a multimodal optical probe, we translate the theranostic burden from complex nanoparticles within the body to an external spectroscopic device, thus alleviating many of the constraints imposed on existing theranostic systems. Using this platform, we demonstrate the combination of Raman spectroscopic diagnosis with photodynamic therapy for optical cancer theranostics. Through selection of photosensitisers with suitable optical properties for combination with Raman spectroscopy, we achieve optical theranostics without the need for complex material systems. Sequential delivery of light for real-time Raman spectroscopic diagnosis followed by photosensitiser-specific illumination, enables cancer diagnosis and treatment during a single procedure. We demonstrate the feasibility of this theranostic approach using a panel of clinically-approved photosensitisers using in vitro cell assays across three cancerous cell lines, with in vivo demonstration using subcutaneous xenograft tumour models ongoing. Our results indicate that through careful instrument design, Raman spectroscopic diagnosis can be effectively performed on photosensitiser-containing cells and tissues without impaired diagnostic accuracy or undesired premature photosensitiser activation. Together, these results show that combination of Raman spectroscopy and photodynamic therapy for optical theranostics enables nanoparticle-free cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment in real-time using a single optical system.