jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Population of excited levels of Fe+, Ni+ and Cr+ in exocomets gaseous tails

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The star Beta Pic is widely known for harbouring a large population of exocomets, which create variable absorption signatures in the stellar spectrum as they transit the star. While the physical and chemical properties of these objects have long remained elusive, Vrignaud et al. (2024) recently introduced the exocomet curve of growth approach, enabling, for the first time, the estimate of exocometary column densities and excitation temperature using absorption measurements in many spectral lines. Using this new tool, we present a refined study of a Beta Pic exocomet observed on December 6, 1997 with the HST. We first show that the comet's signature in FeII lines is well explained by the transit of two gaseous components, with different covering factors and opacities. Then, we show that the studied comet is detected in the lines of other species, such as NiII and CrII. These species are shown to experience similar physical conditions than FeII (same radial velocity profile, same excitation temperature), hinting that they are well-mixed. Finally, using almost 100 FeII lines rising from energy levels between 0 and 33000 cm-1, we derive the complete excitation diagram of Fe+ in the comet. The transiting gas is found to be populated at an excitation temperature of 8190+-160 K, very close to the stellar effective temperature (8052 K). Using a model of radiative and collisional excitation, we show that the observed excitation diagram is compatible with a radiative regime, associated with a close transit distance (< 0.43 au) and a low electronic density (< 1e7 cm-3). In this regime, the excitation of Fe+ is controlled by the stellar flux, and do not depend on the local electronic temperature or density. These results allow us to derive the Ni+/Fe+ and Cr+/Fe+ ratios in the December 6, 1997 comet, at 8.5 +- 0.8 x 10-2 and 1.04 +- 0.15 x 10-2 respectively, close to solar abundances.
New Perspectives on Risk Assessment and Anticoagulation in Elective Spine Surgery Patients: The Impact of Ultra-Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Surgery Techniques on Patients with Cardiac Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The advent of ultra-minimally invasive endoscopic spine surgery, characterized by significantly reduced surgery times, minimal blood loss, and minimal tissue trauma, has precipitated a paradigm shift in the preoperative management of patients with cardiac disease undergoing elective spine procedures. This perspective article explores how these advancements have influenced the requirements for preoperative cardiac workups and the protocols surrounding the cessation of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies. Traditionally, extensive cardiac evaluations and the need to stop anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents have posed challenges, increasing the risk of cardiac events and delaying surgical interventions. However, the reduced invasiveness of endoscopic spine surgery presents a safer profile for patients with cardiac comorbidities, potentially minimizing the necessity for rigorous cardiac clearance and allowing for more flexible anticoagulation management. This perspective article synthesizes current research and clinical practices to provide a comprehensive overview of these evolving protocols. It also discusses the implications of these changes for patient safety, surgical outcomes, and overall healthcare efficiency. Finally, the article suggests directions for future research, emphasizing the need for updated guidelines that reflect the reduced perioperative risk associated with these innovative surgical techniques. This discussion is pivotal for primary care physicians, surgeons, cardiologists, and the broader medical community in optimizing care for this high-risk patient population.
Analysis of Hybrid Energy Modelling (Grid and Inverter Based Resources) Using Grid Following Inverter for the Integration of Renewable Energy Generation

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The energy dependency of the grid will cause its own problems because the energy generated comes from fossil fuels. On the other hand, centralized electrification using renewable energy has a high risk on frequency and voltage stability. Renewable energy depends entirely on climate conditions and has no inertia to maintain stability. Hybrid energy between grids and Inverter Based Resources (IBRs) are alternative solutions used. The research applies an inverter control scheme to IBRs to be penetrated the grid. The research will apply a zero-export load with electricity requirements to be charged to renewable power plants using grid distribution networks. The inertia less properties of renewable energy will cause interference when combined with the power grid (synchronous generator). It will also be analyzed on this study by applying the following inverter scheme by paying attention to the phase angle and synchronization against the voltage, current and frequency variables of the grid. The results obtained in this study; renewable energy can contribute 90% to the load. This is due to the Losses factor and efficiency system in the plant. Renewable energy generators feed active power to the grid as well as support grids with a Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) indicator of <10%. In the design of this hybrid power system, it is done on MATLAB software with installation configuration in accordance with IEEE standards so that it can be a reference for the installation of real-condition renewable energies with grid. Keywords—Renewable Energy, Grid Following, Green Electricity, Hybrid Energy
Stress decreases lymphocyte cytolytic activity in the young monkey even after blockade of steroid and opiate hormone receptors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Lymphocyte cytolytic responses were assessed in 75 infant squirrel monkeys to investigate the influence of psychosocial disturbance on immunity. Four studies evaluated alterations in lytic activity during social separations from the mother lasting for 1–7 days. Lytic responses against target cells were markedly decreased during the first day of separation, and then gradually returned toward baseline levels. Although associated with a general lymphocytopen in vivo, lower lysis was not mediated specifically by inclusion of fewer Leu11b+ cells in the in vitro assay. Multiple physiological processes probably converge to mediate the decrease in lysis. Treatment of the infant with RU486 to block corticosteroid hormone receptors or with naltrexone to antagonize opiate hormone action did not prevent the decrease in lytic responses from occurring. This research demonstrates that psychological disturbance can significantly impact immunity, but the recovery of normal functioning by 1 week also reveals the resiliency of the immune system, paralleling the time course of the infant's behavioral adaptation to this challenge. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 30: 1–10, 1997
Distributed public governance in the European Union

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the role, powers and future of independent European agencies as an aspect of the current debate surrounding European governance. It argues that the design and implementation of independent agencies in the EU should not be seen as a construct of apolitical administrative engineering or integration but should be interpreted as a central component of political debates regarding the future constitutional structure of the EU vis-à-vis member states. In order to demonstrate the validity of this argument, the article reflects upon five themes (growth, co-ordination, accountability, depoliticization and power) which have arisen as central issues in relation to delegated governance at the national level. These themes are analysed in order to assess the main lessons that could usefully be considered during this critical period of constitutional reflection and design for the EU.
Two-step syntheses of 3-methyl and 3-phenyl-1,2,4-benzotriazines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

3-Methyl-1,2,4-benzotriazine and some of its derivatives were prepared in moderate yields (50–70%) via a reductive cyclization by a PtO2-catalyzed hydrogenation of the corresponding 2-nitrophenylhydrazones of the pyruvic acid. The latter compounds were obtained in yields higher than 90% by reacting 2-nitrophenylhydrazines with sodium pyruvate salt. Three 3-phenyl-1,2,4-benzotriazine compounds were also produced via a reductive cyclization by a Pt/C-catalyzed hydrogenation of their corresponding 2-nitrophenylhydrazono-ethers in high yields (>70%). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:166–172, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20200
Heroin: Devil Drug or Useful Medicine?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Heroin is a powerful analgesic, the legalization of which is sometimes proposed as an answer to the pain of terminal cancer. In this country questions about heroin's medicinal potential have been strongly colored by the aura of illicitness and human degradation that surround it. They have not been decided by a rational determination of its therapeutic utility as an analgesic. Adherence to the Puritan ethic has blinded society to the fact that a drug, including heroin, is a chemical compound only that does not carry any intrinsic moral connotations. Studies conducted in England suggest that for certain types of cancer patients, heroin does have advantages over other narcotic analgesics.
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Intention Understanding In Friendship: An Electrical Brain Imaging Study in Dyads with Shared Representations of Actions

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A growing body of research demonstrates congruence between observed actions and integrated templates of past self-related motor experiences facilitate intention understanding of others, especially for couples in love. Little is known, however, about the spatio-temporal dynamics of this facilitation mechanism in populations with varying levels of dyadic emotional bonds (friendship) and self-other closeness (IOS). To address this, we tested intention understanding in 24 dyads with high levels of friendship and IOS, by utilizing high-density 128-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings and behavioral measures (accuracy and reaction times). Behavioral results showed no significant differences for accuracy. Participants were, nevertheless, faster at understanding intentional actions compared to accidental actions, independently of the agent who was acting. A negative correlation was also observed between reaction times for decoding accidental actions and IOS levels, suggesting that the closer participants felt to their best friends the faster they understood their accidental actions. Electrophysiological results extended these findings by demonstrating that visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) for understanding friends' accidental actions were characterized by a significant scalp potential field from 46 to 266 ms after stimulus onset. LORETA source estimation of this specific scalp potential field revealed a left-lateralized current source density maximum in the middle temporal gyrus (MTG). The recruitment of the MTG for understanding friends' accidental actions reinforces its involvement in social perception, and suggests that the MTG may play a crucial role in error detection for intentions performed by individuals with whom participants share high IOS levels.
Absolute free energy of solvation from Monte Carlo simulations using combined quantum and molecular mechanical potentials

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAbsolute free energy of solvation from Monte Carlo simulations using combined quantum and molecular mechanical potentialsJiali GaoCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 2, 537–540Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100181a009https://doi.org/10.1021/j100181a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views542Altmetric-Citations180LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Carandilla Palm (Trithrinax schizophylla Drude, Arecaceae) is not extinct in Brazil: first primary records from the Chaco region of Mato Grosso do Sul

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We report the occurrence of several remnant stands of Trithrinax schizophylla Drude in Porto Murtinho municipality, southwestern Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Until recently, the species was considered as probably extinct in the country. Trithrinax schizophylla is found only in the Chaco provinces of Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia, with a narrow strip in the southwestern region of Mato Grosso do Sul. The region is one of the most modified inside the Pantanal wetland in Brazil, and conservation actions are in need to protect this and other species in the region.
Chelation Isomerism in (Allylamino)carbene Complexes and Its Impact on Stereoselection:  A Study of Coordination Equilibrium by Dynamic HPLC

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A study related to isomerism brought about by the two different chelation modes of the residual double bond resulting from the intramolecular Pauson−Khand reaction in [(diallylamino)alkynylcarbene]tungsten complexes was undertaken. The presence of a stereogenic center on the carbene ligand in the cycloadduct caused a clear difference in energy between the two diastereomeric forms resulting from alkene chelation. The energy barrier involved in their interconversion was determined by means of dynamic HPLC (D-HPLC) experiments, and its relative high value was related to the difficulty of the inversion at the nitrogen center due to structural rigidity.
Assessment of Endocrine Function

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This chapter describes the various methods used for quantifying concentrations of circulating hormones and thus assessing endocrine function. The paradigm of feedback regulation (for example, of the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axis) is central to this assessment of endocrine status. Any disruption in such an axis can cause alterations in trophic and target hormone pairs. High concentration of a target gland hormone coupled with low concentration of the corresponding trophic hormone (e.g., pituitary hormone) suggests autonomous secretion by the target endocrine organ, as is typical in primary hyperthyroidism, e.g., high thyroxine (T4), suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Elevated concentrations of both members of a hormone pair usually indicate autonomous secretion of the trophic hormone, either from the normal site or from a tumor in an “ectopic” (extraglandular) location. For example, excess cortisol production driven by a high plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level may be due to the secretion of pituitary ACTH or secretion of ACTH by lung tumors. Alternatively, the combined elevation of trophic and target endocrine gland hormones can result from resistance to the action of the target endocrine gland hormone e.g., elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone in androgen resistance. Autonomous hypersecretion of the trophic hormone typically results in clinical evidence of target gland hormone excess, whereas resistance to the target gland hormone leads to manifestations of hormone deficiency. Hormones circulating in the plasma were first detected by in vivo bioassays, in which plasma or extracts of plasma were injected into animals and biological responses were measured. Unfortunately, most in vivo bioassays lack the precision, sensitivity, and specificity required to measure the low concentrations of many hormones in plasma, and the assays are cumbersome and impractical for routine use in clinical chemistry laboratories. Great progress in measuring plasma hormone concentrations came with the development of radioimmunoassays (RIAs) in the late 1950s. An unknown concentration of hormone in plasma is estimated by allowing competition with a labeled hormone or analog for specific binding sites on an antibody.
Metapragmatics in Archaeological Analysis: Interpreting Classic Maya Patron Deity Veneration

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Anthropological archaeology has long had an interest in understanding the semiotic properties of material objects, since it is through such objects that most archaeological analysis takes place. In recent decades, a new emphasis on materiality has focused attention on the links between material objects and social relationships in the past. In this article I argue that, just as in modern societies, the indexical meaning of material objects, and their role in social relations, were shaped by metapragmatic discourses in the past. Thus, in order to understand the role of material objects within ancient societies, it is necessary to analyze these discourses by means of historical records, their archaeological context, and analogical examples. I give an example of this method by analyzing Classic Maya inscriptions and the ways that the discourses recorded in them characterize material objects such as temples, cult objects, and tribute payments.
The economic potential of non-timber forest products in the Cerrado legal reserves

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

To promote the sustainable utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in the Legal Reserves of the Cerrado biome, we present a five-step conceptual model that was implemented in a local Settlement in Central Brazil. This study assesses the potential for NTFP harvesting by evaluating tree species with high Importance Values through a comprehensive forest inventory. Three species were selected based on their high importance value and commercial potential: Annona crassiflora (araticum), Caryocar brasiliense (pequi), and Eugenia dysenterica (cagaita). Over a period of twelve months, we monitored the phenophases and fruit production in the study area. Linear regressions were employed to predict fruit productivity by utilizing morphometric characteristics of the trees. Canopy diameter emerged as a significant predictor of productivity for C. brasiliense. Taking into account regional market prices, the estimated gross revenue from fruit production reached RS 4641.00 (U$ 882.00), which could potentially increase by 340 % through simple manufacturing processes. The production period exhibited minimal overlap among the three species, suggesting enhanced utilization of natural resources throughout the year. Nonetheless, the execution of a strategic plan, including an economic feasibility study, is crucial. This research underscores the necessity for further investigations to gain a deeper understanding of the income generated from NTFPs and their role in rural development. Overall, this manuscript significantly contributes to the comprehension of the economic potential of NTFPs in Legal Reserves, offering valuable insights for sustainable planning and management.
Deep fungal infections in Rhodesia - a 10-year survey of histological material. Part III.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The main deep fungal and systemic mycotic infections seen over a period of -ten years in Rhodesia are recorded. The main clinical and pathologjcal effects of each are briefly descriptionbed. The infections encountered included North American blastomycosis, chromoycosis, sporotrichosis, cryptococcosis, mycetoma, pseudomycetes infection (nocardiosis and actinomycosis), phycomycosis, mycotic abscesses, favus, rhinosporidiosis, histoplasmosis including Cave disease (benign pulmonary histoplasmosis).
Conventional and newer antihypertensive drugs had similar efficacy in elderly people with hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

QUESTION:In elderly people with hypertension, are newer antihypertensive drugs as effective as conventional antihypertensive drugs for reducing cardiovascular events? DesignRandomised {allocation concealed*} †, blinded (outcome assessors),* controlled trial with 4 year follow up.Setting 312 health centres in Sweden.
Demographic policy in Russia’s Northern regions: Features and priorities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article proves the formal nature of the milder demographic crisis in Russia’s North. The author selected the most acute demographic problems (the death rate among young people and the large pro-portion of deaths from external causes and diseases of exogenous etiology; low birth rate in traditional Russian northern areas and in areas with a completed demographic transition among indigenous ethnic groups; increased degree of disruption of family life; relationship of the incomplete demographic transition of indigenous peoples with the adverse quality characteristics of fertility and high infant mortality), defining the goals and objectives of the demographic policy in the northern regions.
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The introduction explores the genesis of Dionysus and the Greeks in Nietzsche's thought, from their initial appearance at the publication of The Birth of Tragedy in 1872 until his breakdown in Turin at the dawn of 1889. It argues that one of the central elements of their appeal to later authors is that Nietzsche used the Greeks to develop an innovative way of speaking about modernity. It was this explosive mixture of the archaic and the present that encouraged authors to consider the way that the example of classical antiquity could help them think through the rapidly changing conditions of their contemporary era. By examining different approaches to the temporality of antiquity and to ancient works of art, the chapter argues that Kracauer and Bloch's idea of the 'contemporaneity of the uncontemporaneous' captures the way that classical antiquity exists in the present, as one obtrusion among many within a confusing fabric of competing times and experiences. This is also linked to the aesthetic and literary movement of modernism and to the vogue for tragedy that sprang up in the twentieth century.
Quantum communication with macroscopically bright nonclassical states

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We analyze homodyne detection of macroscopically bright multimode nonclassical states of light and propose their application in quantum communication. We observe that the homodyne detection is sensitive to a mode-matching of the bright light to the highly intense local oscillator. Unmatched bright modes of light result in additional noise which technically limits detection of Gaussian entanglement at macroscopic level. When the mode-matching is sufficient, we show that multimode quantum key distribution with bright beams is feasible. It finally merges the quantum communication with classical optical technology of visible beams of light.