jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the physical security of physically unclonable functions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reconfigurable hardware is the primary component of electronic embedded devices employed in several applications ranging from wireless communication to cloud computing. Due to their significant role these modern platforms are targets of intellectual property (IP) piracy and tampering. Cloning of a design or manipulation of its content is carried out by conducting physical attacks (e.g., side-channel analysis and fault attacks) against these devices. Although different countermeasures against physical attacks have been integrated into the modern reconfigurable hardware, a proper protection mechanism on these platforms against semi-invasive attacks conducted from the chip backside is still missing. The main and foremost reason that the chip backside protection is ignored by the vendors is the misconception that semi-invasive attacks cannot be scaled to the very latest nanoscale technologies without further effort and cost. Moreover, it is assumed that integrating novel hardware intrinsic-based solutions for key storage, such as Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs), make the conventional semi-invasive memory readout techniques virtually impossible. In this work, we investigate the susceptibility of Intrinsic PUF implementations on reconfigurable hardware to optical semi-invasive attacks from the chip backside. We conduct different classes of optical attacks, particularly photonic emission analysis, laser fault injection, and optical contactless probing. By applying these techniques, we demonstrate that the secrets generated by a PUF can be predicted, manipulated or directly probed without affecting the behavior of the PUF. We further discuss the cost and feasibility of launching such attacks against the very latest hardware technologies in a real scenario. We discuss why PUFs are not tamper-evident in their current configuration, and therefore, PUFs alone cannot raise the security level of key storage, as one would expect in the first place. Moreover, we review the potential and already realized countermeasures, which can remedy the security-related shortcomings of the PUFs and make them resistant to optical side-channel and optical fault attacks. Finally, by making a few modifications in the functionality of an existing PUF architecture, we present a prototype of a tamper-evident sensor for detection of optical contactless probing attempts.
Literal vs.Oral Pronunciations and Strata-Spliting

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The competition of literal vs.oral pronunciations of Chinese characters may cause sound change going forward or backward.The reconstruction of internal strata is necessary,because there are some deffused sound change existed.There will have some difficulties in spliting strata,because of the different amount of literal or oral pronunciations,the possibility of identity shift of them,the new and old pronunciations,and the different prestige of sourse where the loan pronuciations originated from. Occasionally,the stratum may die away first and reestablish many years later.It brings more difficult to strata-spliting.
A Critical Study of “Terminology of Art and Art Education"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study deals with Dr. A.E. El Shalls' “Terminology of Art and Art Education" published by King Saud University Libraries. Riyadh. It analyzes. criticizes and traces the criteria used in selecting the terms and in translating or transliterating them from English into Arabic. It also studies the validity of the illustrations used. and investigates their ratio to the total number of terms included in the book. Six other dictionaries dealing with the terms of art. art education and crafts were used for comparison. Many alterations were suggested and the readers of the future editions will. hopefully. benefit from them.
Yield components of soybean cultivars under sowing densities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess yield components and grain yield of soybean cultivars in response to sowing densities. For this, two soybean cultivars and five sowing densities were tested, in a two-factor scheme. The following yield components were measured by the end of the cycle: plant height; insertion height of the first pod; number of nodes per plant; number of pods with one, two, three and four grains; number of pods per plant; number of grains per plant; weight of a thousand grains; humidity and grain yield. Sowing densities did not cause significant variations of grain yield (bags ha-1) for any cultivar, however, higher populational densities promoted a reduction in the number of pods with two and three grains, as well as a reduction in the total number of pods and grains per plant for both cultivars. Cultivar NS 5700 IPRO was the most productive, with a higher number of pods with two and three grains and number of pods and grains per plant.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansbiofilm killing by a targeted ciprofloxacin prodrug

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A pH-sensitive ciprofloxacin prodrug was synthesized and targeted against biofilms of the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). The dose required to reduce the viability of a mature biofilm of Aa by ∼80% was in the range of ng cm−2 of colonized area (mean biofilm density 2.33 × 109 cells cm−2). A mathematical model was formulated that predicts the temporal change in the concentration of ciprofloxacin in the Aa biofilm as the drug is released and diffuses into the bulk medium. The predictions of the model were consistent with the extent of killing obtained. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the strategy to induce mortality, and together with the mathematical model, provide the basis for design of targeted antimicrobial prodrugs for the topical treatment of oral infections such as periodontitis. The targeted prodrug approach offers the possibility of optimizing the dose of available antimicrobials in order to kill a chosen pathogen while leaving the commensal microbiota relatively undisturbed.
Silicon Stimulates Plant Growth and Metabolism in Rice Plants under Conventional and Osmotic Stress Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Exogenous silicon (Si) can enhance plant resistance to various abiotic factors causing osmotic stress. The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of 1 and 2 mM Si to plants under normal conditions and under osmotic stress. Morelos A-98 rice seedlings, were treated with 1 and 2 mM SiO2 for 28 d. Subsequently, half of the plants were subjected to osmotic stress with the addition of 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000; and continued with the addition of Si (0, 1 and 2 mM SiO2) for both conditions. The application of Si under both conditions increased chlorophyll b in leaves, root volume, as well as fresh and dry biomass of roots. Interestingly, the number of tillers, shoot fresh and dry biomass, shoot water content, concentration of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b ratio, and the concentration of total sugars and proline in shoot increased with the addition of Si under osmotic stress conditions. The addition of Si under normal conditions decreased the concentration of sugars in the roots, K and Mn in roots, and increased the concentration of Fe and Zn in shoots. Therefore, Si can be used as a potent inorganic biostimulant in rice Morelos A-98 since it stimulates plant growth and modulates the concentration of vital biomolecules and essential nutrients.
Effects of induced arsenocosis on skin, intestine, lungs and gizzards of broilers

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The study was conducted to determine the level of accumulation of arsenic concentration in lungs, intestine, gizzard and skin of broilers. Forty eight apparently healthy day-old "Star-bro" broiler chicks (already vaccinated with Marek's disease vaccine in the hatchery) were reared up to 34 days. All chicks were reared in the same brooder up to 7 days of age and then all broiler chicks (48) were divided into 4 different groups; Group-A, Group-B, Group-C and Group Control each consisting of 12 chicks. Birds of Group-A, B, and C were given 1, 0.5, and 0.25 ppm arsenic, respectively mixing with drinking water (distilled water). No arsenic treatment was given in the Control Group. Two birds from each group were selected randomly for slaughter at the day of 14, 21, 28, 30, 32 and 34, respectively. Body weight was noted down and external examination was performed before post mortem examinations. After collection, the samples were prepared by a series of steps such as, washing, drying and digestion; finally arsenic was detected by atomic absorption spectophotometric method. The mean highest arsenic concentration in lungs, intestine, gizzard and skin were 1.027±0.1265 ppm in Group-B, 0.422±0.0228 ppm in group-A, 0.2885±0.032 ppm in group-B, 0.3198±0.057 ppm in group-A (in all case n=6), respectively. In this study it was found that the level of arsenic in lungs, intestine, gizzard and skin is greater than that of the maximum permissible level in drinking water (0.05ppm, WHO). From the findings of the present study gives an indication of severe human health hazards caused by arsenic through animals as well as agro based human food which is still unnoticed. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (2), 190-198
Modelling of Emotional Contagion in Soccer Fans.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This research introduces a cognitive computational model of emotional contagion in a crowd of soccer supporters. It is useful for: (1) better understanding of the emotional contagion processes and (2) further development into a predictive and advising application for soccer stadium managers to enhance and improve the ambiance during the soccer game for safety or economic reasons. The model is neurologically grounded and focuses on the emotions “pleasure” and “sadness”. Structured simulations with different crowd compositions and type of matches showed the following four emergent patterns of emotional contagion: (1) hooligans are very impulsive and are not fully open for other emotions, (2) fanatic supporters are very impulsive and open for other emotions, (3) family members are very easily influenced and are not very extravert, (4) the media is less sensitive to the ambiance in the stadium. For model validation, the model outcomes were compared to the heart rate of 100 supporters and reported emotions. The model produced similar heart rate and emotional patterns, thereby establishing its validity. Further implications of the model are discussed.
Preferences for diagnostic pathways and treatment choice in systemic lupus erythematosus: a patient-based discrete choice experiment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Starting from the unmet need of early diagnosis and treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the study aims to explore patient preferences in diagnostic pathways and treatment modalities. It seeks to integrate clinical priorities with patient perspectives, providing an optimal approach to SLE treatment that remains uncertain. Methods: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) has been conducted to investigate whether patient preferences align while maintaining consistent attributes and levels, providing a direct assessment of relative preferences and hypothetical treatment approaches in SLE. Results: DCE results demonstrated that obtaining an early diagnosis is the most crucial attribute for patients. Additionally, a multidisciplinary care team, capable of enhancing clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction, is essential, along with a clinical centre conveniently located within 30 minutes of the patient's home. Lastly, patients prefer the opportunity to reduce glucocorticoid to a dosage ≤5 mg/day, and eventually discontinue, aligning with the new EULAR recommendations, and favour oral and subcutaneous routes of administration for new course of treatment. Conclusions: Patient preferences contribute to enhancing the care pathway for SLE by optimising disease management, with a focus on multidisciplinarity and psychological support.
A sliding mode control measure based multiple output feedback technical for discrete system with time-delays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this note, a measure that the original discrete uncertain system with time-delays is simplified to a discrete uncertain system without time-delays is introduced, and the lacks of usual measures are given, then a new reaching law is designed and an algorithm using the reaching law and multiple output feedback technical is presented for the discrete system; It is shown that the system trajectory using new control law not only can decreasingly approach to zero for certain system but also the control law of uncertain system based on the new algorithm is more simple than using the usual measure. Effectiveness of the proposed control method is demonstrated by simulation.
THE ROLE OF THE HIGH COURT IN FEDERAL ARBITRATION DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION: PRESERVING A FUTURE FOR ‘REASON AND MORAL SUASION’?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Between 1929 and 1933 the Australian federal system of conciliation and arbitration came under economic and political strain. This article reveals that arbitration proved to be an adaptable industrial relations framework for dealing with economic depression. While the monetary entitlements of workers were reduced, the legal instrumentality that conferred the wage cuts, the Arbitration Court, itself defied abolition and evolved to be a protective body. There was a subtle and previously unremarked interaction in the regulatory functions of the High Court, the Arbitration Court, and the Commonwealth Parliament characterised by the purposeful abstention of the High Court and Scullin Government and the activism of the Arbitration Court.
To determine the factors that influence customer buying behaviour (Generation Y) towards purchasing Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad (ASNB) products / Mohammad Iskandar Karib and Nor Ain Nadia Zamran

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

All companies need strategies in order to survive or to become a leader in the market nowadays, therefore a research study towards finding the suitable strategies for Amanah Saham Nasional Berhad had been carried out. This research attempts to determine the influence of the independent variables (financial literacy, family background, and Syariah compliance) on the Gen Y buying behaviour towards purchasing ASNB products. Survey questionnaires were distributed to the students of UiTM Malacca City Campus, Malacca. A Likert Scale has been formed in the questionnaire. The results of the research were obtained by using three methods of analysis which are frequency distribution, reliability test, and Pearson correlation. Furthermore, the process of analyzing and interpreting the data was being presented through tables. Eventually, the results of this study showing that family background is the most influential factor that contributes the Gen Y buying behavior towards purchasing ASNB products.
Farmers’ Willingness to Adopt ‘Just and Equitable’ Land Expropriation in North West Province, South Africa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines farmers willingness to adopt ‘just and equitable’ compensation principle for land expropriation. A large sampling size technique of n ≥ 30 was used to select One hundred and seventy six (176 commercial farmers) in the North West Province. The instrument used for data collection was a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. The data were analyzed using frequencies, mean, percentages, and Probit Regression. The results showed that majority of commercial farmers had high school educational level, males, farm size ranging from 100 – 1000 hectares. The results of the probit model reveal that participation in organization (t = 1.718, p less than 0.10), perception of policy (t = 3.596, p less than 0.01), educational level (t = -4.772, p less than 0.01), household head (t = -1.749, p less than 0.10), farm size (t = 14.042, p less than 0.01), income from maize (t = -2.611, p less than 0.05), income from groundnuts (t = -1.668, p less than 0.10), income from wheat (t = -1.749, p less than 0.10), income from tobacco (t = -2.481, p less than 0.05), friends / relatives (t = -2.243, p less than 0.05), extension service (t = -3.552, p less than 0.01), farmer organizations (t = -3.626, p less than 0.01), Agricultural Research Council (t = 5.985, p less than 0.01), income from broilers (t = 2.504, p less than 0.05) and other mass media (t = -1.660, p less than 0.10) showed a significantly positive relationship with farmers willingness to adopt ‘just and equitable’ compensation principle for land expropriation.
THE MONITORING RESULTS OF DISINFECTION QUALITY OF 30 HOSPITALS IN CHINA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To study and improve the disinfection and sterilization quality of hospitals in China. Methods Data of 30 hospitals was collected from the Chinese Nosocomial Infection Monitoring Project-Disinfection Monitoring Item. Results From 2007 to 2009,30 hospitals were surveyed from 8 provinces including Heilongjiang,Jilin,Shandong,Hubei,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Guangdong.The microbial contamination of water within the dental unit waterlines(DUWL) was the most serious,the eligible rates of spraying water from handpiece outlet and mouth flushing water were 34.28% and 43.31% respectively.The eligible rate of air bacterial concentration of operating room was 71.52%.The eligible rates of disinfection quality of handwashing or antiseptic handrubbing,endoscope and medical sewage were 76.78%,78.33% and 78.49% respectively.The eligible rates of disinfection quality of noncritical surfaces and surgical hands were 95.15% and 92.82% respectively.The eligible rate of biological indicator monitoring autoclave was 94.89%. Conclusion The disinfection and sterilization quality of Chinese hospitals has many problems.Water within DUWL,endoscope and pressure steam sterilizer should be closely monitored.
Cytokine Networking in Lungs of Immunocompetent Mice in Response to InhaledAspergillus fumigatus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Cytokine networking in the lung in response to inhaled Aspergillus fumigatus was assessed using a murine model of primary pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompetent Crl:CF-1 mice. Inhalation of virulent A. fumigatus (6 × 10 6 CFU) resulted in the induction of interleukin 18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-12, and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and/or lung tissue. Induction of immunoreactive IL-18 preceded induction of TNF-α protein, which preceded induction of immunoreactive IL-12 and IFN-γ. Real-time reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR analysis of infected lung tissue demonstrated that induction of IL-18 protein also preceded induction of pulmonary TNF-α, IL-12, and IFN-γ mRNAs. Mice were subsequently treated with cytokine-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the IL-18 receptor (anti-IL-18R MAb), TNF-α (anti-TNF-α MAb), IL-12 (anti-IL-12 MAb), and/or IFN-γ (anti-IFN-γ MAb), and effects on intrapulmonary cytokine activity and growth of A. fumigatus were assessed in infected lung homogenates. Simultaneous neutralization of IL-12 and IL-18 resulted in decreased levels of immunoreactive TNF-α, while neutralization of IL-18, TNF-α, or IL-12 alone or of IL-18 and IL-12 together resulted in decreased levels of immunoreactive IFN-γ. Simultaneous neutralization of IL-12 and IL-18 or neutralization of TNF-α alone or in combination with IL-12, IL-18, or IFN-γ also resulted in a significant increase in A. fumigatus CFU in lung tissue. Taken together, these results demonstrate that endogenous IL-18, IL-12, and TNF-α, through their modulatory effects on both intrapulmonary cytokine activity and growth of A. fumigatus , play key roles in host defense against primary pulmonary aspergillosis.
Exchange rate forecasting and the performance of currency portfolios

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract We examine the potential gains of using exchange rate forecast models and forecast combination methods in the management of currency portfolios for three exchange rates: the euro versus the US dollar, the British pound, and the Japanese yen. We use a battery of econometric specifications to evaluate whether optimal currency portfolios implied by trading strategies based on exchange rate forecasts outperform single currencies and the equally weighted portfolio. We assess the differences in profitability of optimal currency portfolios for different types of investor preferences, two trading strategies, mean squared error‐based composite forecasts, and different forecast horizons. Our results indicate that there are clear benefits of integrating exchange rate forecasts from state‐of‐the‐art econometric models in currency portfolios. These benefits vary across investor preferences and prediction horizons but are rather similar across trading strategies.
Fast and accurate modeling of embedded passives in multi-layer printed circuits using neural network approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a new approach to modeling of high-frequency effects of embedded passive components in multilayer printed circuits based on artificial neural networks. The training data are generated by electromagnetic simulators, e.g., Ansoft-HFSS and Sonnet-Lite software. The models are trained to learn the S-parameters of the embedded passives versus physical and geometrical parameters. The models are fast and represent the EM based information of the components. They can be used for efficient design of high-frequency circuits and systems.
Effect of Oxygen Defects on the Structural Evolution of LiVPO4F1–yOy Cathode Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Lithium vanadium fluorophosphate, LiVPO4F, is a promising cathode material for Li-ion batteries because of its high intercalation potential (4.24 V vs Li/Li+) and high stability. However, recent studies show that as-synthesized LiVPO4F very often contains oxygen defects on the fluoride site giving rise to a general composition of LiVPO4F1−yOy with vanadium in a mixed +III/+IV valence state. The inclusion of oxygen naturally influences the electrochemical properties greatly, and a thorough material characterization is necessary to understand the performance. In this study, we synthesize lithium vanadium fluorophosphate by two common strategies: solid-state and hydrothermal synthesis. We show that solid-state synthesis provides LiVPO4F, while the hydrothermal method, in contrast to previous reports, leads to the inclusion of ca. 35% oxygen on the fluoride site and significant disorder in the material. The different electrochemical properties were probed by operando synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction to investigate the effects of oxygen inclusion on the structural evolution during electrochemical lithiation and delithiation. This reveals that while LiVPO4F exhibits a typical biphasic phase evolution, the sample with oxygen inclusion on the fluoride site displays extended solid-solution behavior. This explains previous observations of improved capacity retention due to defects.