jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The conundrum of articulating societal knowledge and technology demand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One of the strategies to 'make knowledge work' is to design ways to enhance the articulation of knowledge demands in society, assuming that such articulation will lead to the production (or co-creation) of more relevant knowledge and technology. Using five mini case studies, this chapter critically examines the idea that demand-articulation can enhance the applicability of knowledge generated in a straightforward manner. Assumptions that are critically examined include: (a) the idea that prospective users and scientists have a similar idea about what 'research' entails and what kinds of questions may be answered by it; (b) the idea that citizens can explicate unequivocally what it is that they need; (c) the idea that answers and solutions that result from citizen's questions will face less constraints in terms of their applicability; (d) the idea that it is the research results rather than the research process that has impact in society; and finally (e) the idea that articulating the demands of citizens is sufficient to escape from the linear model of innovation. Identification of the limitations in these assumptions helps to understand why the results of involving citizens in agenda setting for research are often disappointing. Finally, I discuss implications for the practice of involving citizens in knowledge creation and provision, and propose an altogether different view of how demand-articulation may be embedded in society.
Observation of the lateral fluctuation of the laser beam passing through the atmosphere

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Lateral fluctuation of the laser spot formed after passing through a distance of 2.26 km above the sea surface was observed together with the air, the surface water temperatures, and the relative humidity. Our main phenomenalistic findings were as follows: (1) a maximum value of the vertical displacement of the beam spot and that of its time rate were 2.1 m and 0.5 m/min, respectively; (2) the ‘large fluctuation,’ the displacement larger than 10 cm, was likely to occur just before the sunrise and, more remarkably, just after the sunset; (3) in each run of observation the frequency of such a large fluctuation seemed to be correlated with the changes in the air temperature and the relative humidity, and (4) an increment of the temperature gradient corresponding to the maximum displacement of 2.1 m was estimated to be 0.77 deg/m.
Physical Concepts about Telecommunications Theory Focusing on Knowledge Application

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Teaching telecommunications theory for Engineering Technologies Information students can be viewed as an interesting challenge. This is mainly due to Telecommunications theory which integrates knowledge about two basic sciences: physics and mathematics. The proposal explained in this paper focused on obtaining and deeply understanding the physical concepts related to the theory of telecommunications, rather than memorizing equations, which most of the time would not make sense for students. Engineering students’ work focusing on learning the physical and mathematical concepts, was able to design and develop academic tools with two important characteristics for Universities with low budget: easy to use and inexpensive. Therefore, the teaching-learning process is more efficient being adjusted to their endemic circumstances about understanding, knowledge application and few economic resources. Moreover those students were facing less problems understanding and handling the mathematical equations related to the telecommunications theory. Following the proposed procedure, students have designed and built academic tools, such as videos, crosswords, C# applications, graphing on worksheets, and so on. To monitor progress weekly, evaluation was conducted using questionnaires without equations, which were evaluated by the students themselves. Electronic and pedagogical tools were combined to design specific audiovisual aids to facilitate and assure that students were obtaining and retaining those physical and mathematical concepts before starting the equations handling. A comparison was done about groups working under two scenarios: the one described above and the other called in this report “traditional”. A drastic difference about student’s grades between two groups was observed.
Prediction and Optimization of Bolt Parameters for Automotive Fuel Cell Stack under Random Vibration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy, offering high energy conversion efficiency, zero emissions, low noise, and rapid response, making them highly promising for vehicular applications. However, during vehicle operation, PEMFC stacks are inevitably subjected to random vibration loads due to road unevenness and internal system vibrations. These mechanical disturbances can induce structural displacement and deformation within the fuel cell stack, significantly affecting its durability and operational safety. Thus, this study conducts a random vibration analysis of fuel cell stacks under varying fastening bolt parameters. A dataset is constructed, comprising bolt parameters and the corresponding stress responses, which is then used to train an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) surrogate model. By integrating XGBoost with a genetic algorithm (GA), a GA-XGBoost predictive model is developed to optimize the structural parameters of the fastening bolts. The optimization results indicate that the optimal bolt diameter is 5.5 mm, the optimal nut thickness is 6.5 mm, and the optimal bolt-to-stack side distance is 10 mm. The predicted minimum stress is 52.351 Pa, representing a reduction of 2.849 Pa compared to the lowest stress observed in the dataset, thereby enhancing the structural durability of the fuel cell stack.
Anti-Spike Protein Assays to Determine SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels: a Head-to-Head Comparison of Five Quantitative Assays

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reliable quantification of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 is highly relevant, e.g., for identifying possible vaccine failure and estimating the time of protection. We compared the performance of five CE marked tests that quantify antibodies against the viral spike protein.
ON THE HISTOLOGY OF ASBESTOSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cell-mediated immune reactions occurring in liver diseases involve infiltration of inflammatory cells into the hepatic parenchyma. Almost nothing is known about cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating this leukocyte traffic during the afferent and efferent arms of the hepatic immune response. This overview emphasizes that various liver parenchymal cells appear to participate actively in the development of the inflammatory response.
Interleukin-21: Basic Biology and Implications for Cancer and Autoimmunity

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a potent immunomodulatory four-α-helical-bundle type I cytokine, is produced by NKT and CD4 + T cells and has pleiotropic effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses. These actions include positive effects such as enhanced proliferation of lymphoid cells, increased cytotoxicity of CD8 + T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells. Conversely, IL-21 also has direct inhibitory effects on the antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells and can be proapoptotic for B cells and NK cells. IL-21 is also produced by Th17 cells and is a critical regulator of Th17 development. The regulatory activity of IL-21 is modulated by the differentiation state of its target cells as well as by other cytokines or costimulatory molecules. IL-21 has potent antitumor activity but is also associated with the development of autoimmune disease. IL-21 transcription is dependent on a calcium signal and NFAT sites, and IL-21 requires Stat3 for its signaling. The key to harnessing the power of IL-21 will depend on better understanding its range of biological actions, its mechanism of action, and the molecular basis of regulation of expression of IL-21 and its receptor.
John Henryism and fear of failure in competitive sport: predicting competitive standard and mental well-being

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There is a growing need to understand the association and interaction of psychological factors with an athlete’s competitive standard and mental well-being. John Henryism is defined as a coping mechanism that involves the expenditure of extreme efforts in response to prolonged exposure to psychosocial and environmental stressors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether John Henryism, fear of failure and the John Henryism × fear of failure interaction (JH×FF) could predict an athlete’s competitive standard, as well as mental well-being. A cross-sectional design was employed; 250 athletes (52% male, 48% female, Mage = 29.36 years) completed an online questionnaire. Hypotheses were partly supported. Results revealed that John Henryism predicted an athlete’s competitive standard, with individuals reporting high John Henryism more likely to compete at an international level than a regional, third tier or national level. Fear of failure was only significant in distinguishing national and international level athletes, with those reporting high fear of failure more likely to compete at a national level. JH×FF did not predict an athlete’s competitive standard. Further, John Henryism and fear of failure predicted mental well-being, but JH×FF did not. Specifically, while fear of failure negatively predicted mental well-being, as expected, John Henryism positively predicted mental well-being, contradicting expectations that factors aiding competitive standard are likely to deter mental well-being. Given these findings, future research should evaluate if interventions aimed at easing fear of failure or encouraging more active coping (i.e., John Henryism) benefit the well-being of athletes competing nationally or internationally.
Gifted students' perceptions of the characteristics of effective teachers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Are effective teachers born or can they be made? Are the qualities required to be an effective teacher the same for all students or do gifted students look for different things in their teachers? Do teachers of gifted learners need to be gifted themselves if they are to be effective? These questions prompted our investigation of the qualities of effective teachers of gifted students. An examination of the research literature revealed a number of key characteristics associated with teachers of the gifted, which we have classified into three areas: personal-social characteristics, teaching strategies and approaches, and intellectual characteristics
France’s Bill of Damages

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Essay| August 01 1915 France’s Bill of Damages Current History (1915) 2 (5): 973–974. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1915.2.5.973a Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation France’s Bill of Damages. Current History 1 August 1915; 2 (5): 973–974. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1915.2.5.973a Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1915 by The Regents of the University of California1915 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
An Experimental Method for Scaling the Maximum Ripple Current Capability for Chip Tantalum Capacitors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An experimental method and testing procedures for scaling the maximum ripple current capability for chip tantalum capacitors based on the relationship among ripple current,equivalent serial resistance(ESR),rated power dissipation,thermal resistance and thermal resistance are introduced.Typical part types were taken into testing.The method is a good solution for both manufacturers and end users to evaluate ripple current capability for chip tantalum capacitors.
New constitutive model for anisotropic hyperelastic biased woven fibre reinforced composite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an improved constitutive model having application in finite element analysis of composites made of hyperelastic matrix with biased woven fabric reinforcement and is based on a pragmatic approach and the continuum mechanics theory. A generalised strain energy function is developed via a series of uniaxial tests in fibre warp and weft directions and via shear tests of representative samples of composite fabric. The proposed material characterisation approach is demonstrated on composites made of neoprene rubber matrix with nylon biased woven reinforcements having volume fraction composition 0·74 vol.-% neoprene and 0·26 vol.-% nylon. The material parameters in the anisotropic hyperelastic model are obtained by minimisation of least square residuals of uniaxial and pure shear energy densities against the respective strain invariants. Numerical simulations of uniaxial and bulge tests of the composites using the material model presented in this paper are shown to correspond well with results obtained from laboratory experiment.
La notation et l'oralité des musiques polyphoniques aux XIIe et XIIIe s.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper attempts to come to grips with some of the questions raised by the transcription of polyphonie music from the XIIth to the XIIIth centuries, and notably its oral possibilities. How will the paleograph, so dependant upon the written sources, be able to reach some of these oral aspects, and take account of them in the transcription ? Ultimately, the musicologist will have to adopt several epistemological approaches, explore the different possibilities of transcription from the point of view of the strict respect of the document (diplomatie level) to that of the inductive reasoning which dermines the hypotheses upon which the intellectual construction is founded, taking into account in the mean time two types of transcription, the analytical one and the "prescriptive" one used by the musician of early music.
Knot Complement Problem for L-space $\mathbb{Z} HS^3$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we look at the knot complement problem for L-space $\mathbb{Z}$-homology spheres. We show that an L-space $\mathbb{Z}$-homology sphere $Y$ cannot be obtained as a non-trivial surgery along a knot $K\subset Y$. As a consequence, we prove that knots in an L-space $\mathbb{Z}$-homology sphere are determined by their complements.
Abstract B12: Therapeutic potential of NTRK3 in desmoplastic small round cell tumor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a soft-tissue sarcoma that predominantly affects adolescent and young adult males and has a dismal prognosis, despite aggressive treatment. It is characterized by the t(11;22)(p13:q12) translocation that generates the EWSR1-WT1 chimeric transcription factor, a powerful oncogene and the main molecular driver of DSRCT. EWSR1-WT1 rewires global gene expression networks and activates aberrant expression of targets that contribute to an oncogenic expression program. It has been previously described that EWSR1-WT1 can activate neural gene expression (1), supporting the hypothesis that targeting neural differentiation markers might offer a novel therapeutic approach to treat DSRCT. Among those markers, our analysis of DSRCT tumors demonstrated prominent expression of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 3 (NTRK3; TrkC), a druggable receptor tyrosine kinase, specifically expressed in DSRCT compared to other translocation-driven sarcomas. We show that EWSR1-WT1 directly activates its expression, and that abrogation of NTRK3 reduces growth of DSRCT cells. Conversely, we show that pharmacologic targeting of NTRK3 is effective both in in vitro and in vivo models of DSRCT, suggesting that NTRK3 is a viable therapeutic target, especially in light of the recent clinical development of highly specific and effective NTRK inhibitors. Reference 1. Kang et al., Cancer Res 2014;15;74(16):4526-35. Citation Format: Lee Spraggon, Julija Hmeljak, Heather Magnan, Romel Somwar, Marina Asher, Alifiani B. Hartono, Sean Bong Lee, Marc Ladanyi. Therapeutic potential of NTRK3 in desmoplastic small round cell tumor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference on Advances in Sarcomas: From Basic Science to Clinical Translation; May 16-19, 2017; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(2_Suppl):Abstract nr B12.
Influence of Cu/Li ratio on the microstructure evolution of bobbin-tool friction stir welded Al–Cu–Li alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Two modern aluminum lithium alloys were welded by semi-stationary bobbin tool friction stir welding. The influence of the Cu/Li ratio on precipitation phenomena under process heat impact was investigated by comparing the response of low Cu/Li alloy 2196-T8 and high Cu/Li alloy 2060-T8. Identical process parameters with a weld pitch of one rotation per mm were used to conduct flawless weldments. The thermal history and microstructural features were studied and correlated to the resulting mechanical properties of the welds. Analysis of microstructure using differential scanning calorimetry and high energy X-ray diffraction technique showed significant differences in the precipitation sequence of the base metal and in the welded samples of the two alloys of interest. A low Cu/Li ratio led to a higher softening resulting in a reduction of 43% of base metal yield strength while the high Cu/Li ratio alloy AA 2060 could demonstrate more thermal stability (38% reduction). Severe dissolution of the T1 precipitate and presence of equilibrium phases were confirmed for the stirred zone of both alloys. The heat affected zone suffered dissolution and overaging reactions leading to a mechanically unfavorable microstructure. The low Cu/Li alloy 2196 developed a higher process temperatures and exhibited a more evolved precipitation sequence. Keywords: Microstructure, Precipitation sequence, Bobbin tool friction stir welding, Aluminum, AA 2196, AA 2060
Fundamental properties of the vacuum switch

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The main results of a study of the various phenomena which take place during the interruption of currents in high vacuum are given. The experimental results obtained lead to a theory of the basic mechanism affecting switching in high vacuum. With a proper design of the switch, a constant working pressure can be obtained which represents an equilibrium between gases and vapors evolving from the electrodes and a pumping action based on the sputtering of cathode material. A detailed study is made of the factors determining the loss of electrode material because of switching. The most essential design features of a vacuum switch are discussed briefly.
Computer automation and software upgrade of gas sensor characterization system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Gas Sensor Characterization System (GSCS) is a computer based program that is designed to acquire and log data readings from the sensors being tested in order to study sensor behaviours and properties under the influence of different experimental conditions. The GSCS comprises of both hardware instruments and a software application program called LabVIEW. Measurement data from the hardware instruments used are fed into the computer, and will be acquired and analyzed into useful data for users to study. The current Final Year Project (FYP) student is not the original designer of the GSCS. The GSCS was first designed in 1995, and had undergone various modifications and upgrades over the years by different FYP students. For the current FYP student, his task was to restructure and upgrade the GSCS from LabVIEW v 7.1 to LabVIEW v 8.5, as well as to improve the GSCS efficiency and features. In order to fulfil the project requirements, the student had to learn about advanced LabVIEW development techniques and structures to understand and improve upon the existing GSCS design. In addition, the student also needed to learn about the set-up and operating procedures of various measuring instruments connected to the GSCS program via the RS 232 serial ports and IEEE-488 GPIB interface bus.
Efficiency of cinnamon extract (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) in the treatment of seeds of braúna (Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABTRACT: For decades, chemical products have shown efficiency in inhibiting pathogens associated with forest seeds, but due to the high cost and environmental impact caused by it, research to find more viable and sustainable alternatives has been Held. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume extract in the treatment of seeds of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. And to indicate the use of plant extracts as an alternative for the control of pathogens associated with Forest seeds. For the sanity test, 500 seeds collected in 2010 and 500 seeds collected in the year 2014 submitted to treatments with cinnamon extract were used in the following concentrations: T1: solution containing 100% sterile water (control); T2: Solution containing 25% of cinnamon extract and 75% of sterile water; T3: Solution containing 50% cinnamon extract and 50% of sterile water; T4: Solution containing 75% of cinnamon extract and 25% of sterile water; T5: Solution containing 100% of cinnamon extract. The health test lasted 10 days and after this period, the pathogen was evaluated, associated with the seeds of S. Brasiliensis, through the observations of the fungal structures through a stereoscopic and optic microscope, and the help of the literature Specialized. The means were analyzed by the Tukey test at the level of 5% probability and the percentage values for the purposes of statistical analysis were transformed into arcsen√x/100.The treatment with solution containing 100% of cinnamon extract presented as the most efficient being the most suitable for the inhibition of pathogens associated with the forest seeds. Considering the results, we recommend the advancement of researches around the use of plant extracts as a solution for the treatment of forest seeds so that it becomes a viable alternative in the forestry sector. KEYWORDS: seeds, pathogens.