jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability of agriculture to climate change in Serbia - farmers’ assessment of impacts and damages

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Considering the already observed trends of increasing air temperatures, changes in precipitation regimes, and extension of the growing season, as well as predictions that climate conditions in Serbia will deteriorate and the risks to farming will increase, the objective of this research is to assess the vulnerability of agriculture in Serbia to climate change, based on farmers? perceptions. A team of experts in all areas of agriculture and soil and water management compiled a questionnaire for a semi-open online survey. The snowball sampling approach was followed, relying on personal contacts and social media. In total, 141 farmers responded to the questionnaire. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics. The differences by region, activity and topography were tested by ANOVA and Student?s t-test. The feedback was used to assess the damages sustained by farmers due to climate change and reduced revenues in their respective areas of agricultural activity. Certain positive effects of climate change were also identified. A need for training in climate change impact mitigation is noted. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The surveyed farmers believe that the most important effects of climate change were periods of extreme high temperature, droughts, late spring frost, and hail. Climate change seems to be reducing yields, facilitating the appearance of new diseases and pests, and causing a lower tolerance to existing diseases and pests. Farmers expressed considerable interest in climate change impact adaptation and mitigation training.
Human Cytomegalovirus Interleukin-10 Polarizes Monocytes toward a Deactivated M2c Phenotype To Repress Host Immune Responses

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Several human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genes encode products that modulate cellular functions in a manner likely to enhance viral pathogenesis. This includes UL111A , which encodes homologs of human interleukin-10 (hIL-10). Depending upon signals received, monocytes and macrophages become polarized to either classically activated (M1 proinflammatory) or alternatively activated (M2 anti-inflammatory) subsets. Skewing of polarization toward an M2 subset may benefit the virus by limiting the proinflammatory responses to infection, and so we determined whether HCMV-encoded viral IL-10 influenced monocyte polarization. Recombinant viral IL-10 protein polarized CD14 + monocytes toward an anti-inflammatory M2 subset with an M2c phenotype, as demonstrated by high expression of CD163 and CD14 and suppression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. Significantly, in the context of productive HCMV infection, viral IL-10 produced by infected cells polarized uninfected monocytes toward an M2c phenotype. We also assessed the impact of viral IL-10 on heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which is an enzyme linked with suppression of inflammatory responses. Polarization of monocytes by viral IL-10 resulted in upregulation of HO-1, and inhibition of HO-1 function resulted in a loss of capacity of viral IL-10 to suppress tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-1β, implicating HO-1 in viral IL-10-induced suppression of proinflammatory cytokines by M2c monocytes. In addition, a functional consequence of monocytes polarized with viral IL-10 was a decreased capacity to activate CD4 + T cells. This study identifies a novel role for viral IL-10 in driving M2c polarization, which may limit virus clearance by restricting proinflammatory and CD4 + T cell responses at sites of infection.
Study on cake made with green tea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The technology of cake made with green tea was introduced in this experiment by adding eggs,sugar and flour as the main raw material,and mixing it with ultramicro-tea powder.The results were as follows,according to flour as 100%,the best baked formulation for the cake made with green tea was that with 2.5% ultramicro-tea powder,1.4% baking powder,80% egg,66% sugar,5% cake oil,0.6% salt and 70% water,the top temperature 225 ℃,bottom temperature 235 ℃ were its best bake temperature,the best bake time was 13 minites.This formula and processing technology were feasible.
The Zone Plate: A New Lease Of Life?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It has long been known that zone plates can be used to form an image but they have been little used in practice because a lens generally performs better. Since a zone plate distributes light into several diffracted orders the efficiency is low and since the focal length is inversely proportional to wave-length the chromatic aberration is enormous. However, despite these drawbacks the zone plate does possess some attractive features: it is a thin structure so it produces no distortion in the image; it is less bulky and lighter than a lens (which would be particularly important for many infrared applications), and can be replicated so it is amenable to inexpensive mass production. We suggest that there are 3 main reasons why zone plates might become more widely used: a change of requirements; improvements in manufacturing technology; and new applications which take advantage of the unique features of the zone plates.
The influence of semantics on long‐term visual memory capacity in children and adults

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Human visual memory capacity has a rapid developmental progression. Here we examine whether image semantics modulate this progression. We assessed the performance of children (6–14 years) and young adults (19–36 years) on a visual memory task using real‐world (or meaningful) as well as abstract image sets, which were matched in low‐level image attributes. For real images, we find comparable performance across the two age groups, consistent with previously reported results. However, for abstract images, we find a clear age‐related difference indicating greater reliance of children's memory processes on semantics, suggesting that strategies for encoding abstract patterns keep improving even into late childhood. We complemented these studies with computational experiments designed to examine the role of increasing experience with real‐world images on real and abstract image encoding, to examine whether the observed age‐related differences, as well as the general privilege of real over abstract images, can emerge directly through experience with meaningful images. Our results provide support for this possibility and set the stage for a finer‐grained investigation of the timeline along which children's memory capacity for abstract images reaches adult levels.
The Far-infrared Polarization Spectrum of ρ Ophiuchi A from HAWC+/SOFIA Observations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on polarimetric maps made with HAWC+/SOFIA toward Rho Oph A, the\ndensest portion of the Rho Ophiuchi molecular complex. We employed HAWC+ bands\nC (89 $\\mu$m) and D (154 $\\mu$m). The slope of the polarization spectrum was\ninvestigated by defining the quantity R_DC = p_D/p_C, where p_C and p_D\nrepresent polarization degrees in bands C and D, respectively. We find a clear\ncorrelation between R_DC and the molecular hydrogen column density across the\ncloud. A positive slope (R_DC > 1) dominates the lower density and well\nilluminated portions of the cloud, that are heated by the high mass star Oph\nS1, whereas a transition to a negative slope (R_DC < 1) is observed toward the\ndenser and less evenly illuminated cloud core. We interpret the trends as due\nto a combination of: (1) Warm grains at the cloud outskirts, which are\nefficiently aligned by the abundant exposure to radiation from Oph S1, as\nproposed in the radiative torques theory; and (2) Cold grains deep in the cloud\ncore, which are poorly aligned due to shielding from external radiation. To\nassess this interpretation, we developed a very simple toy model using a\nspherically symmetric cloud core based on Herschel data, and verified that the\npredicted variation of R_DC is consistent with the observations. This result\nintroduces a new method that can be used to probe the grain alignment\nefficiency in molecular clouds, based on the analysis of trends in the\nfar-infrared polarization spectrum.\n
The U.S. Community College Model and Vietnam's Higher Education System.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper is a report of research conducted to determine if the US community college model holds promise for addressing problems commonly faced in the higher education system of one developing country and thus potentially others as well. The study was accomplished by examining the higher education system in Vietnam and conducting a case study of Can Tho University in the Mekong Delta. First, common characteristics found among community colleges across the US were synthesized into a representative model. Secondly, multiple data collection methods were used to analyze the higher education system in Vietnam and to conduct the case study. The US community college model was then analyzed in relation to the CTU case study, Mekong Delta context, and success criterion developed from examining higher education related problems in the Mekong Delta region and Vietnam. Results of the study indicate that the US community college model has significant potential for relieving some of the difficult higher education challenges in the Mekong Delta. Although case studies cannot normally be generalized, Vietnam has a highly centralized education system and the problems faced by higher education in the Mekong Delta are reflective of those found throughout the country; therefore, the findings from this assessment can be considered significant for the rest of Vietnam. The research design and methods of this study could be used to conduct research on the potential effectiveness of the US community college model in other developing countries. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Monitoring and Analysis Framework for Java

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Extended version from short paper submitted to PDP07 As the use of complex grid middleware becomes widespread and more facilities are offered by these pieces of software, distributed Grid applications are becoming more and more popular. But as Grid middleware grow in size and offer more advanced features, they become more complex and heavy, as well as harder to tune. As the performance of a distributed Grid application can be strongly influenced by the operation of the underlying grid middleware, it becomes of extreme importance to study and analyse their behaviour and performance. In this paper we present the eDragon Monitoring Framework (eDMF), a set of tools that can be used for the instrumentation and analysis of grid middleware, and which provides a unique environment to study the performance of Grid applications. The eDMF is composed of a set of specialised monitoring tools as well as by a flexible and powerful performance analysis platform. Additionally we also provide a practical application of the eDMF to the Globus Toolkit 4 (GT4), one of the most extended and popular Grid middleware, showing how it helped us in the detection and resolution of several job management problems observed in the GT4 middleware. 0 I.
ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF PINUS ROXBURGHII NEEDLES AGAINST SELECTED WEEDS OF WHEAT CROP

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was aimed at evaluating allelopathic activity of various solvent extracts of Pinus roxburghii (Pine tree) against some important weeds viz.Phalaris minor (bunchgrass), Avena fatua (wild oat), Chenopodium album (pigweed), Euphorbia helioscopia (sun spurge) and Rumex dentatus (toothed dock) of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) by employing sandwich method (powdered needles) on filter paper, soil and agar.The data attained from statistical analysis revealed that methanolic needle extract possessed the highest germination percentage inhibition for T. aestivum, followed by C. album and A. fatua applied in soil.Similarly, maximum radical length suppression was observed for R. dentatus, followed by C. album.The plumule length retardation was noted best in R. dentatus, followed by A. fatua.The application of methanolic P. roxburghii extract was responsible for reduction in seed germination, radical and plumule length of wheat.Based on results, it can be concluded that methanolic Pinus needles extract possesses potential inhibitory effects that required for further detailed analysis to establish allelopathic potential and onward application to be used as phytoherbicide.
A Bayesian non parametric time-switching autoregressive model for multipath errors in GPS navigation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multipath is one of the most penalizing error sources in GPS navigation. It occurs when the satellite signals are reflected on obstacles before reaching the GPS receiver, corrupting the satellite-receiver distance measurements. In recent works, Bayesian non parametric (BNP) models of the measurement errors in the presence of multipath were considered. The latter were assumed to be distributed according to an a priori infinite mixture of Gaussian probability density functions. However, the errors were considered temporally white. This assumption does not hold in practice. In this paper, we extend the proposed BNP formalism to the case of time-correlated errors. For this purpose, we model the correlated measurement errors as an infinite mixture of autoregressive processes. Then, the on-line joint estimation of the navigation variables, the correlated measurement errors and their parameters from the GPS measurements is performed by particle filtering.
Towards Robot teaching based on Virtual and Augmented Reality Concepts

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A complex system is a system made up of a great number of entities in local and simultaneous interaction. Its design requires the collaboration of engineers of various complementary specialties, so that it is necessary to invent new design methods. Indeed, currently the industry loses much time between the moment when the product model is designed and when the latter is serially produced on the lines of factories. This production is generally ensured by automated and more often robotized means. A deadline is thus necessary for the development of the automatisms and the robots work on a new product model. In this context we launched a study based on the principle of the mechatronics design in Augmented Reality‐Virtual Reality. This new approach will bring solutions to problems encountered in many application scopes, but also to problems involved in the distance which separates the offices from design of vehicles and their production sites. This new approach will minimize the differences of errors between the design model and real prototype.
Denudation rate in the Alps from geochronologic and heat flow data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Tectonic-denudation history model, mean rate of denudation based on depth of burial of rocks at time of closed-system behavior of biotites, K/Ar biotite ages, most likely denudation rate 0.4 and 1.0 mm/yr, significance relative to present heat flow, data from five Alpine tunnels
Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) And Protamine Sulfate (PS) Neutralization Of Heparin Fractionated According To Charge Density

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Both PF4 and PS have been postulated to neutralize heparin by electrostatic complex formation. The present study examined the role of charge density (Z) of the heparin in neutralization reactions with PF4 and PS. Fractions varying systematically in charge density were isolated from 3 hog mucosal (HM) heparins (2 decolorized and 1 undecolorized) using 2 phase sequential extraction system. Fractions were similarly isolated from a decolorized beef lung (BL) heparin. Thrombin inhibition (ThI) assays were performed in the absence and presence of a constant amount of PF4 or PS for each fraction and for a series of dilutions of a standard heparin. The potencies of fractionated heparins varied systematically in a non-linear manner with Z2. However, in all heparins studied, potency curves generated in the presence of PF4 and PS paralleled each other closely. With the 2 decolorized heparins, these curves also closely paralleled the potency curves generated in the ThI assay in the absence of PF4 or PS (ThI-buffer curves), but for the undecolorized heparin, the ThI-buffer curve was distinctly of steeper slope with greater potency. In contrast, with BL heparin , the ThI-buffer curve was of shallower slope and of lower potency. The parallel behavior of PF4 and PS curves supports a similarity in the mechanism of neutralization. The potency of heparin fractions is related to their charge density. With decolorized HM heparins, PF4 and PS do not selectively neutralize a subfraction with different potency, but with the undecolorized heparin, PF4 and PS is somewhat selective towards neutralizing more potent heparin species. In contrast, with BL heparin, a less active heparin species is apparently preferentially inactivated by PF4 and PS, and moreover, the activity is less subject to neutralization.
Figure S2 from Paclitaxel plus Eftilagimod Alpha, a Soluble LAG-3 Protein, in Metastatic, HR<sup>+</sup> Breast Cancer: Results from AIPAC, a Randomized, Placebo Controlled Phase IIb Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>(A) AIPAC trial schema, and (B) patient disposition.</p>
Review of: "DENOSUMAB-RELATED OSTEONECROSIS OF JAW (ONJ) VERSUS ZOLEDRONIC ACID-RELATED ONJ: DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS AT COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN EVALUATION? A PROPOSAL FOR A MULTICENTRE STUDY"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study is of interest. Cases are few but the evident differences between the two groups of ONJ deserve to be reported and should push to perform a multicentric study likely including also cases developed after TKI alone.
Alterations of T cell receptor Vβ repertoire of CD8 T lymphocytes in immune tolerance induction in two hemophilia A patients with inhibitors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Aim. Hemophilia A patients with inhibitors are treated effectively with immune tolerance induction (ITI) therapy. Although anti-idiotypic antibodies may play a certain role in the underlying mechanism, the detailed mechanism by which ITI produces a curative effect remains unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify the immunological aspect of ITI. Methods. Longitudinal T-cell receptor (TCR) analysis was performed during ITI. TCR variable region ?-chain and ?-chain repertoires were serially analyzed for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CD4 T cells, and CD8 T cells from 2 hemophilia inhibitor patients treated with ITI (Patients 1 and 2). Furthermore, to see whether skewing observed in TCR analysis resulted from clonality alterations, T-cell clonality was investigated using complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) size spectratyping. Results. In the patient 1, inhibitor titer remained to be 19.6 BU/mL for 596 days after ITI commencement, and ITI was unsuccessful. In the patient 2, inhibitor titer disappeared 434 days after ITI commencement, and ITI was successful. In both cases, skewing of TCR variable region ?/?-chain repertoires was observed in CD8 T cell subset, whereas not in CD4 T cell subset. Conclusion. Alteration of TCR repertoires, especially TCR variable region ?-chain repertoire of CD8 T cells, was distinct between successful and unsuccessful cases, suggesting that immunological response in the early phase affected the ITI outcomes.
Language and Recursion

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper examines whether the recursive structure imbedded in some exercises used in the Non Verbal Communication Device (NVCD) approach is actually the factor that enables this approach to favor language acquisition and reacquisition in the case of children with cerebral lesions. For that a definition of the principle of recursion as it is used by logicians is presented. The two opposing approaches to the problem of language development are explained. For many authors such as Chomsky [1] the faculty of language is innate. This is known as the Standard Theory; the other researchers in this field, e.g. Bates and Elman [2], claim that language is entirely constructed by the young child: they thus speak of Language Acquisition. It is also shown that in both cases, a version of the principle of recursion is relevant for human language. The NVCD approach is defined and the results obtained in the domain of language while using this approach are presented: young subjects using this approach acquire a richer language structure or re‐acquire such a structure in the case of cerebral lesions. Finally it is shown that exercises used in this framework imply the manipulation of recursive structures leading to regular grammars. It is thus hypothesized that language development could be favored using recursive structures with the young child. It could also be the case that the NVCD like exercises used with children lead to the elaboration of a regular language, as defined by Chomsky [3], which could be sufficient for language development but would not require full recursion. This double claim could reconcile Chomsky's approach with psychological observations made by adherents of the Language Acquisition approach, if it is confirmed by researches combining the use of NVCDs, psychometric methods and the use of Neural Networks. This paper thus suggests that a research group oriented towards this problematic should be organized.
Identifying Energy Extraction Optimisation Strategies of Actinobacillus succinogenes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A. succinogenes is well known for utilising various catabolic pathways. A multitude of batch fermentation studies confirm flux shifts in the catabolism as time proceeds. It has also been shown that continuous cultures exhibit flux variation as a function of dilution rate. This indicates a direct influence of the external environment on the proteome of the organism. In this work, ATP production efficiency was explored to evaluate the extent of bio-available energy on the production behaviour of A. succinogenes. It was found that the microbe successively utilised its most-to-least efficient energy extraction pathways, providing evidence of an energy optimisation survival strategy. Moreover, data from this study suggest a pyruvate overflow mechanism as a means to throttle acetic and formic acid production, indicating a scenario in which the external concentration of these acids play a role in the energy extraction capabilities of the organism. Data also indicates a fleeting regime where A. succinogenes utilises an oxidised environment to its advantage for ATP production. Here it is postulated that the energy gain and excretion cost of catabolites coupled to the changing environment is a likely mechanism responsible for the proteome alteration and its ensuing carbon flux variation. This offers valuable insights into the microbe’s metabolic logic gates, providing a foundation to understand how to exploit the system.