jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Autoinhibited kinesin-1 adopts a hierarchical folding pattern

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Conventional kinesin-1 is the primary anterograde motor in cells for transporting cellular cargo. While there is a consensus that the C-terminal tail of kinesin-1 inhibits motility, the molecular architecture of a full-length autoinhibited kinesin-1 remains unknown. Here, we combine crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS), electron microscopy (EM), and AlphaFold structure prediction to determine the architecture of the full-length autoinhibited kinesin-1 homodimer (kinesin-1 heavy chain [KHC]) and kinesin-1 heterotetramer (KHC bound to kinesin light chain 1 [KLC1]). Our integrative analysis shows that kinesin-1 forms a compact, bent conformation through a break in coiled-coil 3. Moreover, our XL-MS analysis demonstrates that kinesin light chains stabilize the folded inhibited state rather than inducing a new structural state. Using our structural model, we show that disruption of multiple interactions between the motor, stalk, and tail domains is required to activate the full-length kinesin-1. Our work offers a conceptual framework for understanding how cargo adaptors and microtubule-associated proteins relieve autoinhibition to promote activation.
Committed Sapiential Circles

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Possibilities for Post/Counter-Colonial Research With Children \n \nEarly childhood care and education settings are sites of potentiality, of “immense possibility and power” (Batycky, 2008, p. 176), yet situated in contexts imbued with the historicity and legacy of colonization, racism, and cultural and economic inequities. Cannella and Viruru (2004) have explained the pervasive nature of colonialist thinking, and how the constructions of ‘child’ and ‘education’ are implicated within this. They challenge us to construct a ‘postcolonial disposition’ which problematizes the ‘will to power’, ‘othering’, and simplistic interpretations constructed by adults in the name of children (p. 155). This confronts us in regard to our commitment to perform post/counter-colonial research with children, and how we might conceive this research as praxis, that is “reflection and action upon the world in order to transform it” (Freire, 1972, p. 28). In a counter-colonialist praxis-oriented research mode, “children would be encouraged to engage in continual critique of the situations within which we have placed them” (Cannella & Viruru, 2004, p. 155). Further, this ongoing praxis needs to engage with both “local and global community actions” as determined by the children themselves (p. 155). \n \nWhen we view and relate to children as agentic and powerful, we recognize their mana (esteem, integrity) and tinorangatiratanga (self-determination). Our most recent project, ‘Titiro Whakamuri, Hoki Whakamua. We are the future, the present and the past: caring for self, others and the environment in early years’ teaching and learning’(Ritchie et al., 2010), demonstrated children’s agency, supported through the kaupapa (philosophy) of the research project as enacted and facilitated by committed educator co-researchers. Children demonstrated their empathy and compassion for Papatūanuku (Mother Earth) and Ranginui (Sky Father), and were actively and consciously pursuing practices that would protect Papatūanuku and Ranginui, such as recycling, beach and park clean-ups, tree-planting, gardening and so forth. Parents and communities were also drawn into these activities, demonstrating the catalytic potential of young children, supported by responsive, engaged adults, of revolutionary transformative praxis who were in service of our planet.
ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY AS A LESS INVASIVE TREATMENT FOR CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endovascular treatment is an excellent alternative as a less invasive procedure to treat cerebrovascular disease. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and thrombolysis for occlusive disease, obliteration of intracranial aneurysms with coils, artery occlusion for large aneurysms, and embolization of dural arteriovenous fistulas and cerebral arteriovenous malformations are described with illustrative cases. Although endovascular treatment for cerebrovascular diseases is being developed and the indications are becoming broader, combination treatment with microsurgery and radiosurgery should also be considered in an attempt to achieve better results.
FRA1 Kinesin Modulates the Lateral Stability of Cortical Microtubules through Cellulose Synthase–Microtubule Uncoupling Proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cell wall assembly requires harmonized deposition of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides. Cortical microtubules orient the deposition of cellulose by guiding the trajectory of cellulose synthase complexes. Vesicles containing matrix polysaccharides are thought to be transported by the FRAGILE FIBER1 (FRA1) kinesin to facilitate their secretion along cortical microtubules. The cortical microtubule cytoskeleton thus may provide a platform to coordinate the delivery of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that the tail region of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) FRA1 kinesin physically interacts with cellulose synthase-microtubule uncoupling (CMU) proteins that are important for the microtubule-dependent guidance of cellulose synthase complexes. Interaction with CMUs did not affect microtubule binding or motility of the FRA1 kinesin but differentially affected the protein levels and microtubule localization of CMU1 and CMU2, thus regulating the lateral stability of cortical microtubules. Phosphorylation of the FRA1 tail region inhibited binding to CMUs and consequently reversed the extent of cortical microtubule decoration by CMU1 and CMU2. Genetic experiments demonstrated the significance of this interaction to the growth and reproduction of Arabidopsis plants. We propose that modulation of CMU protein levels and microtubule localization by FRA1 provides a mechanism that stabilizes the sites of deposition of both cellulose and matrix polysaccharides.
Research on Thermophoresis Deposition of Aerosol Particles

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

An aerosol is a system of liquid or solid particles in suspension in a gas, which includes both the particles and the suspended gas. The aim of this paper is to study the thermophoretic forces in aerosol systems. We introduce the concepts of particle size distribution, DLVO theory and multiphase flow models, followed by four case studies of thermophoretic deposition. This study has some limitations that need further investigation for a number of specific reasons. Firstly, the impact of thermophoresis is often overlooked in discussions about aerosols and their walls. Additionally, the focus has only been on solid walls, while the same problem applies to soft walls such as the human respiratory tract. The complexity of fluid models that involve multiple particles and forces also presents challenges. The task of examining the effects of temperature fields and temperature variations will be even more daunting. There is a pressing need for further research in this area.
Mubalig Kondang: A Sociological Overview of Religiosity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The approach of literary sociology is one of the literary approaches that specialize in the study of literary works taking into account social aspects of society. Mubalig Kondang [1] is interesting to study because it tells how the author’s expression of the religiosity problem that existed in the society of the Javaneses antri (students of traditional Islamic boarding school in Java) in particular, as well as Indonesia in general. Pengajian (mass teaching of Islam in the village) that becomes the habits and traditions of the santri community as well as the symbol of the author’s heart disclosure. Pengajian is a common religious ritual around us still a kind of ‘thing’ that could be questioned. The religious ritualisonly a compensation of some people who are from the complexity of the problem.
Norlignans and Phenylpropanoids from Metasequoia glyptostroboidesHu et Cheng

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Five new compounds, i.e. , the three new norlignans metasequirins G–I ( 1 – 3 ) and the two new phenylpropanoids 7‐(3‐ethoxy‐5‐methoxyphenyl)propane‐7,8,9‐triol (=1‐(3‐ethoxy‐5‐methoxyphenyl)propane‐1,2,3‐triol; 4 ) and 7‐(3‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxyphenyl)propane‐7,8,9‐triol (=1‐(3‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxy‐phenyl)propane‐1,2,3‐triol; 5 ), were isolated from the branches and stems of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng . Their structures were elucidated by physical, chemical, and spectroscopic methods, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS. The cytotoxicites of the five compounds were tested against A549 and Colo 205 cell lines by the MTT method.
Semantic Excavation of the City of Books

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As the Semantic Web gains momentum, so grows the interest in making knowledge kept in various repositories available. In this paper we describe a case study using a methodological approach for porting cultural repositories to the Semantic Web. The approach consists of thesaurus conversion, meta-data schema mapping, meta-data value mapping, and thesauri alignment. It is derived from our experience collected in a number of conversions we have performed for the E-Culture project, and in this paper we apply it to a collection of data about images related to book printing. 1.
Metformin/Glimepiride and Metformin/Glibenclamide, Which is Better?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with the microvascular and macrovascular complication. Metformin and sulphonylurea (glimepiride and glibenclamide) combination is widely used for the treatment of type 2 DM. This study aimed to examine the difference of Metformin/Glimepiride and Metformin/Glibenclamide administrations in reducing HbA1C among type 2 DM patients.Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guideline with PICO construction using MeSH and text-word. 214 article were identified from PubMed, Cochrane, other source databases. Two articles with 183 type 2 DM patients were selected for this study.Results: No significant difference on HbA1C level, fasting plasma glucose, and hypoglycemia adverse events between glimepiride/metformin and glibenclamide/metformin combinations. However, glimepiride/metformin combination demonstrated lower HbA1C (-0.11; 95% CI= -0.41 to 0.18; p= 0.450) and lower hypoglycemia adverse events (OR= 0.52; 95% CI= -1.02 to 3.05; p= 0.450), while glibenclamide/metformin combination demonstrated lower fasting plasma glucose concentration (1.01; 95% CI= -1.02 to 3.05; p= 0.450).Conclusion: Glimepiride/metformin combination is preferable in HbA1C lowering and hypoglycemia risk than glibenclamide/metformin combination.Keywords: Glimepiride-metformin, Glibenclamide-metformin, type 2 diabetes mellitusCorrespondence: Yedy Purwandi Sukmawan. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Health Science of Bakti Tunas Husada Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia. Email: yedipur@­gmail.comIndonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(3): 211-218https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.03
STUDENT EXPERIENCES TEACHING AN INTERPROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY-BASED HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR OLDER ADULTS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Nine (N=9) undergraduate and graduate students collaborated on an interprofessional health promotion program in Spring 2023. Funded by the National Institute on Aging, this student-led program utilized Persuasive Hope Theory with older adult participants to increase their fruit and vegetable intake and exercise patterns in 1-hour weekly sessions. At four community locations for 15 weeks, students gained skills in team-teaching, facilitating group discussions and activities, and engaging in physical activity instruction with older adult participants. At the end of the program, students completed a modified Undergraduate Research Student Self-Assessment (URSSA). As a result of participating in this project, students report understanding and familiarity with the research process, following scientific protocols, problem-solving, and working collaboratively. Students also reported their motivations for joining a research study, satisfaction with working relationships with faculty members and opportunities to present their work, and how these experiences with gerontological research have influenced their career goals. The presenters of this paper are the students themselves, who will lend personal experiences and stories to these survey results. The factors contributing to successful student engagement in this project can be applied by other researchers working in community-based contexts.
Clinical profile of patients with tinea versicolor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial fungal infection caused by the polymorphous endogenous yeast <em>Malassezia furfur</em>. Infection typically occurs on the trunk and proximal upper extremities and is characterized by distinctive scaly, coalescent hyperpigmented and/or hypopigmented to erythematous patches. Tinea versicolor is a superficial chronically recurring fungal infection of the stratum corneum, characterized by scaly, hypo and hyperpigmented irregular macules, usually located on the trunk and proximal extremities caused by pityrosporum orbiculare.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">100 patients of untreated tinea versicolor who attended the outpatient department were selected at random irrespective of their age, socioeconomic status, occupation. A detailed history was taken, regarding the age, sex, religion, occupation, socioeconomic status, residence, duration and course of the disease, site of distribution of lesion and any other associated cutaneous and systemic diseases</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The majority patients i.e. 27 (27%) were students and followed by the unskilled workers who comprised 20% of patients. The incidence is quite low in business and official class 3% and 11% respectively. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The duration of the disease in 93% of patients was less than 10 years and in 7% the duration was more than 10 years.</span></p>
Oxidative stress induced by a di-Schiff base copper complex is both mediated and modulated by glutathione

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The reductive activation of N,N'-bis(2-pyridylmethylene)-1-4-butanediamine (N,N',N",N"')-Cu(II)-diperchlorate (CuPUPY), a di-Schiff base copper complex with antineoplastic properties, was investigated in vitro in the presence of glutathione, ascorbate, NADH or NADPH. Glutathione and ascorbate but not the pyridine dinucleotides were able to reduce the compound. The apparent second order rate constants of the reduction reaction (9.6 +/- 2.0 M-1 sec-1 for ascorbate and 94.7 +/- 1.9 M-1 sec-1 for glutathione) indicate that glutathione is more effective by about one order of magnitude in reducing CuPUPY than ascorbate. Reduction by glutathione triggered a CuPUPY-supported redox-cycle with oxygen yielding H2O2. Whereas reduction by ascorbate was reversible, CuPUPY reduced by glutathione reacted with excess reduced glutathione (GSH) in a ligand exchange reaction yielding a GSH-Cu(I) complex which was reoxidized by O2, forming a complex between copper(II) and oxidized glutathione. These results suggest a dual role for the reduced thiol tripeptide; promoting oxidative stress induced by CuPUPY at low concentrations and inhibiting it at high concentrations. This hypothesis was verified by showing that optimum glutathione/CuPUPY ratios are needed in order to obtain maximum oxidative damage to both DNA and albumin in vitro. Evidence was obtained for the occurrence of the same reaction pathway in human K562 erythroleukemia cells: CuPUPY was more toxic to cells in which glutathione synthesis was inhibited by buthionine sulfoximine. Moreover, ESR spectroscopy revealed alterations in the hyperfine structure of the Cu(II) spectrum, consistent with the occurrence of ligand-exchange reactions in K562 cells.
High resolution FTIR imaging provides automated discrimination and detection of single malaria parasite infected erythrocytes on glass

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

New highly sensitive tools for malaria diagnostics are urgently needed to enable the detection of infection in asymptomatic carriers and patients with low parasitemia. In pursuit of a highly sensitive diagnostic tool that can identify parasite infections at the single cell level, we have been exploring Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy using a Focal Plane Array (FPA) imaging detector. Here we report for the first time the application of a new optic configuration developed by Agilent that incorporates 25× condenser and objective Cassegrain optics with a high numerical aperture (NA = 0.81) along with additional high magnification optics within the microscope to provide 0.66 micron pixel resolution (total IR system magnification of 61×) to diagnose malaria parasites at the single cell level on a conventional glass microscope slide. The high quality images clearly resolve the parasite's digestive vacuole demonstrating sub-cellular resolution using this approach. Moreover, we have developed an algorithm that first detects the cells in the infrared image, and secondly extracts the average spectrum. The average spectrum is then run through a model based on Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), which diagnoses unequivocally the infected from normal cells. The high quality images, and the fact this measurement can be achieved without a synchrotron source on a conventional glass slide, shows promise as a potential gold standard for malaria detection at the single cell level.
TREATMENT OF ENTEROBIASIS WITH ONE ORAL DOSE OF PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

• One hundred seven children infected with Enterobius vermicularis were treated with 125 mg. of promethazine given in a single dose at bedtime. Adhesive cellophane tape smears were made in establishing the diagnosis and following the course of treatment; eggs present on the skin about the anus adhere to the tape and are thus transferred to glass slides for identification. Beginning 10 days after treatment, one cellophane tape smear was taken daily for seven days. Only 5 of the 107 children gave consistently negative results through the sevenday period; the percentage of successes was therefore 5.3%. A second series of 24 patients were treated with 125-mg. doses of pyrathiazine. The percentage of successes was 12.5%. That these dosages were not far from the limits of tolerance was shown by the appearance of nausea, disorientation at night, and enuresis in some of the children, although in general the drugs were tolerated well. Since it must be assumed that the incidence of side-effects would be increased by any increase in dosage of either of these two drugs, the authors recommend that other, more effective oxyuricides of established value be used instead.
[Anti-inflammatory properties of antidepressants (a review of experimental results)].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The review presents comparative description of anti-inflammatory effects of antidepressants from various classes studied on carrageenan- and formalin-induced paw edema in rats. The role of the central and peripheral components in the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity and the drug effects on production of mediators and modulators of inflammation is discussed.
Yersinia rohdei sp. nov. Isolated from Human and Dog Feces and Surface Water

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Yersinia rohdei sp. nov vaisolated from feces of dogs and humans and from surface water. The organisms gave the key biochemical reactions typical of Yersinia species, including greater metabolic activity at 25 to 28°C than at 36°C. Y. rohdei can be distinguished from other yersiniae by its positive reactions in tests for citrate and sucrose and negative reactions in tests for indole, acetoin (Voges-Proskauer), and rhamnose. Two biogroups were found among seven strains investigated, one of which fermented raffinose and melibiose. Deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization tests (hydroxyapatite method) showed average levels of relatedness of 93% at a 60°C incubation temperature and 97% at 75°C. Labeled Y. rohdei deoxyribonucleic acid showed 30% to 63% relatedness to all Yersinia species except Yersinia ruckeri. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of five tested strains were 48.7 to 49.4 mol%. All strains possessed O antigens not typable with antisera of the extended typing scheme of Wauters, but most of them had H antigens typical of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1. Five tested strains belonged to lysotype Xz. Y. rohdei strains were susceptible to most antimicrobial agents; resistance or intermediate susceptibility was observed for ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, penicillin, and sulfonamide. Calcium dependency, autoagglutination, and Congo red pigmentation tests, which are indicative of the presence of a virulence plasmid to Y. enterocolitica, were negative in Y. rohdei. The clinical significance for humans and animals is uncertain and requires further study. The type strain of Y. rohdei sp. nov. is strain H 271-36/78 (= CDC 3022-85 = ATCC 43380).
Social vulnerability and climate change: synthesis of literature

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The effects of climate change are expected to be more severe for some segments of society than others because of geographic location, the degree of association with climate-sensitive environments, and unique cultural, economic, or political characteristics of particular landscapes and human populations. Social vulnerability and equity in the context of climate change are important because some populations may have less capacity to prepare for, respond to, and recover from climate-related hazards and effects. Such populations may be disproportionately affected by climate change. This synthesis of literature illustrates information about the socioeconomic, political, health, and cultural effects of climate change on socially vulnerable populations in the United States, with some additional examples in Canada. Through this synthesis, social vulnerability, equity, and climate justice are defined and described, and key issues, themes, and considerations that pertain to the effects of climate change on socially vulnerable populations are identified. The synthesis reviews what available science says about social vulnerability and climate change, and documents the emergence of issues not currently addressed in academic literature. In so doing, the synthesis identifies knowledge gaps and questions for future research.