jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Role of Structural Inequality on COVID-19 Incidence Rates at the Neighborhood Scale in Urban Areas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The lockdown policies enacted in the spring of 2020, in response to the growing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, have remained a contentious policy tool due to the variability of outcomes they produced for some populations. While ongoing research has illustrated the unequal impact of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on minority populations, research in this area has been unable to fully explain the mechanisms that produce these findings. To understand why some groups have been at greater risk of contracting COVID-19, we employ structural inequality theory to better understand how inequality may impact disease transmission in a pandemic. We used a novel approach that enabled us to focus on the microprocesses of structural inequality at the zip code level to study the impact of stay-at-home pandemic policies on COVID-19 positive case rates in an urban setting across three periods of policy implementation. We then analyzed data on traffic volume, income, race, occupation, and instances of COVID-19 positive cases for each zip code in Salt Lake County, Utah (USA) between 17 February 2020 and 12 June 2020. We found that higher income, percent white, and white-collar zip codes had a greater response to the local stay-at-home order and reduced vehicular traffic by nearly 50% during lockdown. The least affluent zip codes only showed a 15% traffic decrease and had COVID-19 rates nearly 10 times higher. At this level of granularity, income and occupation were both associated with COVID-19 outcomes across all three stages of policy implementation, while race was only predictive of outcomes after the lockdown period. Our findings illuminate underlying mechanisms of structural inequality that may have facilitated unequal COVID-19 incidence rates. This study illustrates the need for more granular analyses in policy research and adds to the literature on how structural factors such as income, race, and occupation contribute to disease transmission in a pandemic.
Density-Dependent Effects on Steinernema glaseri (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) within an Insect Host

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Increasing densities of Steinernema glaseri infective juveniles (IJs) in soil affected penetration efficiency and reproduction of the nematodes in larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella. The penetration efficiency and the proportion of penetrated IJs developing to adults decreased significantly with increasing numbers of IJs present in the soil and entering the hosts, respectively. The number of progeny produced/host cadaver initially increased, with the highest production being between 20.7 +/- 3.3 and 58.0 +/- 6.6 IJs established/host +/- SE and decreased at higher densities. Above 184.4 +/- 37.7 IJs established/host, no progeny emerged from the cadavers.
Identifying biologically relevant genes via multiple heterogeneous data sources

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Selection of genes that are differentially expressed and critical to a particular biological process has been a major challenge in post-array analysis. Recent development in bioinformatics has made various data sources available such as mRNA and miRNA expression profiles, biological pathway and gene annotation, etc. Efficient and effective integration of multiple data sources helps enrich our knowledge about the involved samples and genes for selecting genes bearing significant biological relevance. In this work, we studied a novel problem of multi-source gene selection: given multiple heterogeneous data sources (or data sets), select genes from expression profiles by integrating information from various data sources. We investigated how to effectively employ information contained in multiple data sources to extract an intrinsic global geometric pattern and use it in covariance analysis for gene selection. We designed and conducted experiments to systematically compare the proposed approach with representative methods in terms of statistical and biological significance, and showed the efficacy and potential of the proposed approach with promising findings.
Lightweight Inter-transaction Caching with Precise Clocks and Dynamic Self-invalidation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Distributed, transactional storage systems scale by sharding data across servers. However, workload-induced hotspots result in contention, leading to higher abort rates and performance degradation. We present KAIROS, a transactional key-value storage system that leverages client-side inter-transaction caching and sharded transaction validation to balance the dynamic load and alleviate workload-induced hotspots in the system. KAIROS utilizes precise synchronized clocks to implement self-invalidating leases for cache consistency and avoids the overhead and potential hotspots due to maintaining sharing lists or sending invalidations. Experiments show that inter-transaction caching alone provides 2.35x the throughput of a baseline system with only intra-transaction caching; adding sharded validation further improves the throughput by a factor of 3.1 over baseline. We also show that lease-based caching can operate at a 30% higher scale while providing 1.46x the throughput of the state-of-the-art explicit invalidation-based caching.
The Perils of Wi-Fi Spoofing Attack Via Geolocation API and Its Defense

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Location spoofing attack deceiving a Wi-Fi positioning system has been studied for over a decade. However, it has been challenging to construct a practical spoofing attack in urban areas with dense coverage of legitimate Wi-Fi APs. This paper identifies the vulnerability of the Google Geolocation API, which returns the location of a mobile device based on the information of the Wi-Fi access points that the device can detect. We show that this vulnerability can be exploited by the attacker to reveal the black-box localization algorithms adopted by the Google Wi-Fi positioning system and easily launch the location spoofing attack in dense urban areas with a high success rate. Furthermore, we find that this vulnerability can also lead to severe consequences that hurt user privacy, including the leakage of sensitive information like precise locations, daily activities, and demographics. Ultimately, we discuss the potential countermeasures that may be used to mitigate this vulnerability and location spoofing attack.
Stochastic resetting and first arrival subjected to Gaussian noise and Poisson white noise

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the dynamics of an overdamped Brownian particle subjected to\nPoissonian stochastic resetting in a nonthermal bath, characterized by a\nPoisson white noise and a Gaussian noise. Applying the renewal theory we find\nan exact analytical expression for the spatial distribution at the steady\nstate. Unlike the single exponential distribution as observed in the case of a\npurely thermal bath, the distribution is double exponential. Relaxation of the\ntransient spatial distributions to the stationary one, for the limiting cases\nof Poissonian rate, is investigated carefully. In addition, we study the\nfirst-arrival properties of the system in the presence of a delta-function sink\nwith strength $\\kappa$, where $\\kappa=0$ and $\\kappa=\\infty$ correspond to\nfully nonreactive and fully reactive sinks, respectively. We explore the effect\nof two competitive mechanisms: the diffusive spread in the presence of two\nnoises and the increase in probability density around the initial position due\nto stochastic resetting. We show that there exists an optimal resetting rate,\nwhich minimizes the mean first-arrival time (MFAT) to the sink for a given\nvalue of the sink strength. We also explore the effect of the strength of the\nPoissonian noise on MFAT, in addition to sink strength. Our formalism\ngeneralizes the diffusion-limited reaction under resetting in a nonequilibrium\nbath and provides an efficient search strategy for a reactant to find a target\nsite, relevant in a range of biophysical processes.\n
Analysis of the Possibility of Lasers' Usage for Cleaning Lead and Zinc Exterior Sculpture

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The investigation of possibility of using lasers with different wavelength and pulse duration to clean the surface of lead and zinc exterior sculptures was held in this work. Comparison of lasers with different durations was done, pcs laser shown the best results in cleaning both of zinc and lead. The measuring of reflectance of corrosion layers indicates minimum in UV part of spectrum, however there were no positive cleaning results using 355nm 25 ns laser. The pulse duration is much more important parameter in preservation of surface during laser cleaning, as shown. Also, the surface state plays significant role - the technology of producing of object and its history of exposition.
Formal authority in the fiction of Banville, Calvino and Nabokov.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay examines each of the novels for their individual ideas of worldmaking, using aspects of Goodman’s study to initiate discussion of form and how it exemplifies ways of perceiving and constructing worlds. In Invisible Cities, form and content unify in the image of the city, as Marco Polo raises questions of construction within his tales of the city, and as the idea of shaping is shown through the spatial form that connects the cities across the novel. Instead of the interlinking it facilitates in Invisible Cities, form in The Real Life of Sebastian Knight breaks down distinctions between fiction and non-fiction. The “intricate and often witty structural patterns” of Real Life sets up levels which then blend into one another, and shows that life is also a narrative made of multiple levels of knowing (Toker, 234). Like Real Life, The Infinities correlates to Goodman’s assertion that “[w]orldmaking as we know it always starts from worlds already on hand; the making is a remaking” (I.4). The point Goodman makes about ‘relative reality,’ that different worlds co-exist relative to a particular point of vantage, initiates examination into The Infinities’s “mad proliferation of worlds” (I.2). These worlds—explained by Old Adam’s theory of the infinities and shown through the realms of the gods and mortals, dream and consciousness—interact through the form of the novel.
Homeopathy and complementary medicine in Tuscany, Italy: integration in the public health system

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The healthcare programmes of the Region of Tuscany, Italy have contained references to various types of non-conventional medicine since 1996, and the last three Regional Health Plans have includes a chapter on non-conventional medicine that arguably represent the greatest degree of integration of such therapies in the public health care system achieved thus far in Italy. The Plan aims to guarantee definitive integration in the Regional Health Service of types of non-conventional medicine which are supported by a sufficient level of scientific evidence to allow them to be defined as forms of complementary medicine (acupuncture, herbal medicine, homeopathy and manual medicine). Moreover, in 2007 the Regional council of Tuscany, for the first time in Italy, approved a regional law disciplining the pratice of complementary medicines on the part of doctors, dentists, Veterinarians and pharmacists.
Selection of Amenities Suppliers for SEN Grand Hotel and Spa, Hanoi, Vietnam Using the TOPSIS Method

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Effective supply chain management plays a crucial role in the hospitality industry, particularly in supplier selection, as it directly impacts service quality, operational costs, and customer experience. The TOPSIS method, when combined with AHP, helps optimize the supplier evaluation process by reducing subjectivity and prioritizing key performance indicators. Important criteria include price, quality, delivery time, and reliability, with product quality, delivery performance, and supplier reputation being the key factors. The trend of integrating sustainability criteria into supplier evaluation is gaining increasing attention, considering economic, social, and environmental factors. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate and select the most suitable supplier of convenience items for SEN Grand Hotel & Spa, Hanoi, Vietnam, using the TOPSIS method. The specific objectives include: (i) Identifying key criteria in supplier selection, including service quality, delivery time, cost, reliability, and environmental friendliness; (ii) Applying the TOPSIS method to rank and select the most appropriate supplier; (iii) Proposing an objective decision-making approach to optimize the supply chain and enhance hotel service quality. Methods: This study employs a quantitative approach using the multi-criteria decision-making technique TOPSIS to evaluate and select suppliers. Data is collected from relevant sources, including information on potential suppliers and evaluations based on five key criteria. After processing the data, TOPSIS is applied to rank suppliers according to their suitability for the hotel’s needs. The final results determine the highest-scoring supplier, ensuring objectivity and optimization in the decision-making process. Results: Based on the ranking of suppliers, SEN Grand Hotel and Spa can prioritize the selection of amenities suppliers in the following order: Tân Định, TNS Ecomenities, Horecas, Nanomex, and Haloyal. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated the applicability of the TOPSIS method in selecting amenities suppliers for hotels, helping to minimize subjectivity and ensure data-driven decision-making. The findings not only assist SEN Grand Hotel & Spa in optimizing its procurement process but also contribute to the sustainable supply chain management trend in the hospitality industry.
Age differences in executive functions among Hungarian preschoolers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Executive functions (EFs) undergo dramatic changes during preschool years and show differential age-related effects. In view of this, the present study examines the developmental pathways of EF components among Hungarian preschoolers. The study sample consisted of 136 participants aged between 3 and 6 years old, who were assessed using the head-toes-knees-shoulders test (HTKS), the Corsi block-tapping test, and the dimensional change card sort test (DCCS). The analysis revealed significant age effect on performance in all EF tests, with a trend towards better performance with age. In general, the results for most EF tasks were similar to those reported by studies conducted in other countries, indicating consistency in the structure of EFs. Moreover, superior performance on cognitive flexibility tasks by younger participants draws attention to the potential influence of early childhood education, via child-rearing beliefs and practises, on the promotion of EF skills.
Modulation of the ipsilateral and contralateral H reflexes following ipsilateral mechanical pressure of the foot in normal subjects.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The placement of a small flat plate, in order to apply pressure to the plantar eminence, may be useful for modulation of muscle tone. In addition, these findings might be useful for reducing spasticity; because spasticity is at least partially caused by hyperexcitability of the motorneuron pool.
Physicians who use substances: what does it look like and what to do about it?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Substance use disorders in physicians is a serious problem of the medical community and public health. The prevalence of substance use disorders depends on gender, age and medical specialty. The substance abuse impairs physical and mental health of physicians and affects the quality of patient care. Treatment of chemically addicted physicians involves the use of conventional therapeutic approaches adopted in addiction medicine, but requires compliance with certain special principles.
Figure S9 from Venetoclax Induces BCL-2–Dependent Treg to T<sub>H</sub>17 Plasticity to Enhance the Antitumor Efficacy of Anti–PD-1 Checkpoint Blockade

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure S9. Tamoxifen does not alter T cell subpopulation cells or MC38 growth</p>
Quasi-Static Compressive Behavior of Tetrahedral Lattice Truss Structures Made from Aluminium

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Tetrahedral lattice truss structures have been made by folding perforated 6061 aluminum alloy sheets. Simple air brazing was used to construct sandwich panels with cellular core; relative density was 0.05. The behavior of quasi-static compression (initial strain rate is 10 −3 S −1 ) was studied in the present study, and three kinds of heart-treatment were investigated, which were T6, T7 and anneal. The results showed that: three distinct stages of deformation show in quasi-static compressive stress-strain curves, namely the linear elastic stage, the longer yield stage and the stage of densification, and densification strain is 0.4; energy absorption mainly occurs in the stage of longer yield, in which severe plastic deformations occur, and the energy absorption of T6 is higher than T7, while the anneal is the lowest; energy absorption efficiency is determined by the material plasticity and strength, and the energy absorption efficiency of T7 is greater than T6, while the annealed state is minimum at the beginning, and finally between T6 and T7.
An investigation into the consumer behaviour across online and offline shopping channels within the Irish book market : an analysis of 18-25 years old Irish consumer

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The paper tries to establish a research framework in Irish book market from the aspects of consumer motivations in online and offline shopping channels. Thus research has been limited and many key areas remain under explored. Research gaps exist in the service in Irish book market and how consumer react new innovations relates to this area. The research examines the consumer motivations in online and offline Irish book market, delve what drive them to buy books in online book stores or traditional book outlet during economic crisis. The research extracts several findings from primary research to examine or supplement previous academic literature. The research methodology is primary focus on a qualitative research technique under exploratory research. As focus groups have the ability to deeply uncover a respondent’s feeling, attitudes and opinions, explore issues in depth, and obtain insights. In order to overcome the limitation of focus groups samples on size and geographical, an online survey will used as a complementary research technique. The structured research design will lead to scientific and reliable findings, hope this research can give people some inspiration within this specific area in the future.
Effect of E64 and pepstatin treatments on autophagy.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Synchronized early/mid trophozoite stage parasites were cultured in the presence of DMSO (Control) or inhibitors (22 µM E64, 220 µM pepstatin) for 15 hours, and then analyzed by IFA using anti-Atg8 antibodies. <b>A</b>. The parasite images are labelled as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0113220#pone-0113220-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>, and show punctate localization pattern of Atg8, which is distributed throughout the control and pepstatin-treated parasites. The E64-treated parasite show accumulation of Atg8 signal in a narrow region around the swollen food vacuole, most likely because cytoplasm has been pushed to the periphery in these parasites due to the enlarged food vacuole. <b>B</b>. Z-sections for control and E64-treated parasites were captured as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0113220#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a> section, and the composite image shows punctate signal for Atg8 (Atg8), the stained-nucleus (DAPI), erythrocyte and parasite boundaries (Bright field), and a merge of all three images (Merge). Note that both control and E-64 treated parasites appear to have a few Atg8 puncta in the food vacuole, but not any significant accumulation of the puncta in the food vacuole of E64-treated parasites.</p>
Review of the publication: Krystyna Zabawa, The story begun. Polish children's literature after 1989 and contemporary Culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Reviewed publication: Krystyna Zabawa, “The Story Begun. Polish Children's Literature after 1989 and Contemporary Culture”Jesuit University of Philosophy and Education Ignatianum. WAM Publishing House, Krakow 2013, pp. 332. ISBN 978-83-7614-146-6 (Ignatianum) ISBN 978-83-7767-994-4 (WAM)
495 Trial of SNX281, a systemically delivered small molecule STING agonist, in solid tumors and lymphomas

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background

Innate immune activation is a desirable goal in anticancer therapy. Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) agonists represent one approach to this goal; to date most studies have utilized intra-tumoral administration. SNX281 is a novel small molecule agonist of human and mammalian STING with favorable pharmacokinetic properties thatto enable systemic intravenous administration. The molecule dimerizes in the binding site of STING to induce activation. In preclinical studies using THP-1 cells or human PBMCs, SNX281 caused both pathway activation and the induction of signature cytokines, IFN-b, TNF-a and IL-6 in a STING dependent manner. Intravenously delivered SNX281 caused complete and durable tumor regression in mice bearing CT26 colon carcinomas with induction of immune memory. Mice that were cured of their primary CT26 tumors were completely resistant to re-challenge. Increased T cell responses were observed against the endogenous CT26 rejection antigen AH1. Maximal tumor control depended on CD8+ T cells, confirming the involvement of an adaptive immune component in SNX281 mediated anti-tumor activity, although some tumor control was observed even in the absence of T cells. In addition, combining STING-dependent T cell priming induced by SNX281 with anti-PD-1 resulted in robust antitumor activity and significant survival benefit in multiple tumor models (CT26, MC38 and B16- F10) that are resistant to checkpoint therapy alone.

Methods

This is a multicenter, open-label, phase I dose-escalation followed by dose expansion study of SNX281 as monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab. SNX281 is administered as a 30-minute intravenous infusion QW for 3 weeks followed by Q3W for six cycles. Eligible patients for the dose escalation phase will have, among other criteria, histologically confirmed advanced solid tumors or lymphomas which have failed prior therapy and/or are not eligible for therapies, as well as adequate organ function, life expectancy of at least 12 weeks, and measurable disease. Monotherapy dose escalation accrued initially with single patient cohorts advancing to a 3+3 design. The dose expansion phases of each treatment arm will begin following the determination of an MTD or alternative dose of SNX281 in each respective treatment arm. The single-agent treatment arm of SNX281 is planned to evaluate at least 2 expansion cohorts in ovarian cancer and colorectal carcinoma while the combination treatment arm of SNX281 and pembrolizumab is planned to enroll subjects with advanced cancer who have relapsed on or have become refractory to prior immune checkpoint therapy given in an indicated setting. Clinical Trial Information: NCT04609579

Trial Registration

NCT04609579

Ethics Approval

IRB approval from IntegReview IORG0000689.