jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On Aniconicity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Why has semiotics focused more on iconicity and resemblance than on aniconicity and dissemblance? Can a semiotic theory of how signs, and in particular icons, tum into non-signs, be formulated? Taking as theoretical point of departure Peirce's triadic conception of signs as consisting in the relation between a representamen and an object through an interpretant, the article explores the evanescence of iconicity and resemblance through several examples of aniconicity and dissemblance: a son who cannot recognize his own father's picture because it is too old; a writer who cannot recognize his own city because it was turned into rubble by aerial bombing; a cubist painter who distorts the pictorial icon of an object so that viewers cannot recognize it; etc. Through these and more examples, the paper points out that semiotics should develop not only a cultural theory of how signs are created, but also a cultural theory of how they are dissolved.
Integrated Control of an IPM Motor Drive and a Novel Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A dc bus voltage control for a motor drive that uses a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for electric vehicle applications is proposed in this paper. The HESS is composed of a high energy density battery pack along with a high power density ultracapacitor. The motor drive of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor is conventionally designed based on a fixed dc bus voltage. However, with the voltage controllability of the HESS, it is possible to enhance the system efficiency by selecting the optimum dc bus voltage. Unlike conventional designs, the proposed HESS processes only a portion of the vehicle power through an interfacing dc/dc converter. This new concept reduces converter losses, enables full usage of the energy stored in the storage devices, and provides a boosting capability of the dc bus voltage. Consequently, the motor drive operates with maximum torque per ampere control for an extended operating range. An electric vehicle, equipped with a HESS and an IPM drive is simulated under different driving conditions. Experimental results of a prototype system are provided to verify the system effectiveness.
An outline for the reclassification of the Chytridiales, and for a new order, the Spizellomycetales

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An outline is presented for the reclassification of the Chytridiales into two orders based on fundamental differences in zoospore ultrastructure. The new order Spizellomycetales includes species with the Phlyctochytrium–Entophlyctis type of zoospore and also Karlingia, Olpidium, and Rozella. Four new genera, Spizellomyces, Gaertneriomyces, Triparticalcar, and Kochiomyces replace the Phlyctochytrium complex. The revised Chytridiales includes species with the Rhizophydium–Chytridium–Nowakowskiella type of zoospore, as well as Synchytrium,
Effect of chitosan on growth performance and lipometabolism of broiler chickens (male)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One hundred and sixty\|eight 1\|day\|old Avian broiler chickens were randomly allocated into four groups with two replicates for a three\|phase trial(0-3 week,4-6 week,7-8 week).The experiment involved four dietary levels of chitosan supplement(control:0;Treat 1:1%,Treeat 2:2% ,Treat 3:3%).All birds received feed and water freely.On the last day of every phase, 3 broilers from each replicate were selected for determining lipometabolism.The results showed that chitosan had a significant effect on the improvement of ADGW(average daily gain weight)( P 0 01),the decrease of PDAF(percentage of dissected abdominal fat )( P 0 01),SFD(subcutaneos fat depth)( P 0 05),IMFD(intermuscular fat depth) ( P 0 05),TG(triacylglycerol),TBIL(total bilirubin)( P 0 05).The results implied that chitosan could effectively decrease fat deposition and improve carcass trait.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 28 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is one of (Dasyurus albopunctatus Schlegel, 1880)", "BasisOfRecord is one of (Specimen, Human Observation, Observation, Machine Observation)", "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false" ] } The dataset includes 28 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0063637-230224095556074/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution‐Phase Synthesis of 2,6,9‐Trisubstituted Purines.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neuroendocrine breast carcinomas represent a rare subtype of breast cancer. Their definition, prevalence and prognosis remain controversial in the literature. Regarding the presentation, there are no differences from other breast carcinomas and clinical syndromes related to hormone production are extremely rare. Refinement of the classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast is needed in order to improve the reproducibility of their diagnostic criteria and to define their clinical significance. This article presents the case of a 44-year-old female patient diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma with neuroendocrine features, according to the 2012 World Health Organization (WHO) definition, with focus on presentation, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach and differential diagnosis.
A Molecular Hybrid of an Atomically Precise Silver Nanocluster and Polyoxometalates for H2 Cleavage into Protons and Electrons

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Atomically precise silver (Ag) nanoclusters are promising materials as catalysts, photocatalysts, and sensors because of their unique structures and mixed‐valence states (Ag + /Ag 0 ). However, their low stability hinders the in‐depth study of their intrinsic reactivity and catalytic property accompanying their redox processes. Herein, we demonstrate that a molecular hybrid of an atomically precise {Ag 27 } 17+ nanocluster and polyoxometalates (POMs) can efficiently cleave H 2 into protons and electrons. The Ag nanocluster accommodates electrons through the redox reaction from {Ag 27 } 17+ to {Ag 27 } 13+ , and the POM ligands play the following important roles: (i) a significant stabilization of the typically unstable Ag nanocluster to preserve its structure during the redox reaction with H 2 , (ii) formation of a unique interface between the Ag nanocluster and metal oxides for efficient H 2 cleavage, and (iii) storage of the generated protons on the negatively charged basic surface.
[Study on susceptible risk factors for COPD in smokers].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

alpha 1-AT deficiency may be a risk factor for COPD susceptible smokers. There may be relationship between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and developing COPD, but whether it is the cause or result of COPD needs further study. Smoking may induce elevation of serum PIIIP and IgE, but both of them are not directly related to COPD. Room condition, occupational exposure, smoking habit, and respiratory disease history in family may be associated with COPD in smokers.
Treatment Interventions II: Working with the Mind

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Cognitive and other psychological processes on the mind level of operations are amenable to conscious manipulation, and they provide a therapeutic window for change. These psychological processes can have a powerful top-down effect, with the capacity to contribute to the child's efforts to regulate her stress system, her body more generally, and her thoughts, feelings, and beliefs. In this chapter we briefly discuss a variety of interventions on the mind level of operations. These interventions are helpful for interrupting illness-promoting psychological processes that activate the stress system and that trigger or maintain functional somatic symptoms, and also for fostering health-promoting psychological processes that down-regulate the stress system and abate functional somatic symptoms.
Treatment Planning and Decisions for Therapy - How and Why? -

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Journal of Physical Therapy (JPT) is stepping into its second year (third volume) of successful dissemination of research findings with information shared across the globe in the field of physical therapy. The aim of this editorial is to explore into the basis behind therapy decisions made for the benefit of the patient and other stake-holders. The recent ensuing evidence-informed paradigm shift warrants a unique balance between an impairment-based and a mechanism-based therapeutic model than their preceding symptomatic or syndrome-based models.
A study of the voluntary intake of food and water and the lactation performance of cows given diets of varying roughage contentad libitum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Twelve Friesian heifers were given four dietary treatments from 2 months before first calving to the end of the first lactation. Two of the treatments involved the ad libitum feeding of a complete diet consisting of a basal concentrate meal of rolled barley with supplements, incorporated into a mixture with either hay or barley straw both coarsely ground and included at a level of 25 % of the complete mix. In the other two treatments either the hay or the straw was given ad libitum in the long form and the concentrate mix fed ad libitum from a separate self-feeder. Full records were kept of the intake of food and water, the output and quality of the milk and of live weight. Detailed measurements were made of various aspects of rumen function using one cow on each treatment fitted with a cannula. Rumen samples were also obtained from non-fistulated cows by stomach tube. The intake of long roughage, particularly straw, by the cow, when offered in conjunction with a separate supply of the concentrate mix, was very low and led to serious falls in milk butterfat content. Where the roughage was incorporated into the complete diet normal butterfat levels were maintained. However, apart from the depressed butterfat levels on the two long roughage treatments the health and condition of the cows remained good. The very low intake of long straw was associated with a smaller volume of liquid in the rumen, a reduced rate of flow of liquid leaving the rumen, a lower proportion of acetic and butyric acids and a greater proportion of propionic acid in the rumen liquor and finally with a higher blood glucose content. The inclusion of milled roughage resulted in values within the normal range for volume of liquid in the rumen, flow rate of liquid from the rumen, V.F.A. proportions in the rumen liquor and blood glucose. The intake of both food and water over the productive cycle showed a consistent pattern for all cows. Food intake reached its lowest point around calving followed by a sharp rise to a peak in the 4th month after calving and then a gradual but increasing decline. Water intake followed a similar pattern but the fluctuation was greater and the peak consumption occurred in the 3rd month of lactation. Water intake was more closely associated with D.M. intake than with milk output. The efficiency of utilization of the complete diets containing the milled roughages is discussed in relation to comparable data from cattle fed conventionally.
The impact of self-regulation in the governance of European higher education systems on quality and equity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Self-regulation in the governance of higher education systems is often assumed to improve institutional performance, accountability, and responsiveness. Although studies of higher education governance have addressed the extent of self-regulation across national systems, there has been less investigation of the links between self-regulation and quality and equity. Nevertheless, the universal adoption of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) commits all countries to equal access to affordable and quality education, including higher education, by 2030. To assess the relationship between self-regulation, quality, and equity, this paper presents a novel higher education self-regulation index trialed using the cases of England, Finland, France, and Germany. The index compares self-regulation, based on the respective national legal and policy frameworks, in core higher education functions: control and evaluation, funding, strategy and structure, personnel, and teaching and research. Each area is analyzed using six conditions reflecting the level of autonomy of an institution which could be met in full, in part or not met and assigned to a proxy number ranging from 0, 0.5 and 1 respectively. Each of these areas is summarized with a level that is either High, Medium, or Low and these are the levels then shown in the composite index. The impact of varying levels of self-regulation in a higher education system on quality and equity is then analyzed. Whereas higher levels of self-regulation do appear to have some impact on quality, the study found that a mix of policy steering, and institutional initiatives are needed to improve equity. Further refinement and testing of the self-regulation index would improve its utility as a tool to support governments and institutions to enhance higher education governance in support of the SDGs.
Consumers' Synesthesia Experience Enhances Consumption Behavior: The Impact of Distributed Lighting Design in Shopping Center

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

China's shopping centres are facing the challenge of fierce stock competition, and they are using a variety of competitive differentiation strategies and approaches to attract consumers and seek development. Therefore, the study focuses on the impact of distributed lighting in public spaces of shopping centres on consumer behaviour from the perspectives of lighting effects and customer diversion, and explores an important expression to enhance the attractiveness to consumers. This study used the statistical analysis method of quantitative research to obtain data from 607 participants through a non-random sampling method in order to explore the relationship and impact between distributed lighting design, association and consumer behaviour in the public areas of shopping centres. The study found that consumers' associative experience in the public areas of shopping centres exerted a significant mediating effect on the influence of light guide design on consumer behaviour, and the mediating effect contributed 61.11% to the total effect. This study pioneered the introduction of the associative effect into the study of consumer behaviour, thereby constructing a strong link between lighting design and consumer behaviour in shopping centres. Practical implications, limitations and areas for further research are also given.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 and outcomes of atrial fibrillation: from clinical association to genetic evidence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has been implicated in the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF), but its prognostic value in AF patients remains unclear. Methods and results A total of 35 197 AF patients with available follow-up data (3.56, 0.47–8.92 years) from the UK Biobank were included. Clinical association between serum FGF23 and AF-related outcomes including mortality, heart failure (HF), ischaemic stroke, and dementia were analysed using multivariable Cox regression. In those passed quality control for array sequencing, polygenic score for FGF23 (PGSFGF23) was calculated as genetic instrument, and the association between PGSFGF23 and the occurrence of endpoints after first AF diagnosis were further explored. In 886 patients who diagnosed AF at or prior to the enrolment, elevated serum FGF23 levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause (37% increase per standard deviation) and cardiovascular (40% increase per standard deviation) mortality and HF (43% increase per standard deviation). A total of 35 197 patients were available for genetic array sequencing data. Using polygenic score including seven independent SNPs reaching genome-wide significance threshold, genetic association analysis indicated that increased PGSFGF23 is associated with reduced risk of HF but increased risk of all-cause mortality and ischaemic stroke. Conclusion Our findings suggest that FGF23 is a potential biomarker for accessing AF-related outcomes. The paradoxical association between genetic FGF23 and serum FGF23 level highlights the need for further investigation to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Primary Cysts of Paranasal Sinuses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Seventeen cases of primary paranasal cyst are reported. The patients were between fourteen and eighty-one years old, with a peak in the sixth decade. Nine were males and eight were females. Six cases were of the maxillary sinus, six others were of frontal sinus, two of ethmoid sinus and one was of sphenoid sinus. The other two cases involved both the maxillary and ethmoid sinus. The wall of the cyst consisted of inflammed mucous membrane or fibro-collagenous tissue. The epithelium was comprized of squamous cells or columnar cells and in some cases, there were no epithelium. Only three of the seventeen cases had a history of chronic sinusitis and one had allergic rhinitis, but seven other cases seemed to have inflammation in paranasal sinuses from X-ray findings.
Genomics to select treatment for patients (pts) with metastatic cancer: Final analysis of Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) evaluations in the ROME trial.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

3157 Background: The ROME trial (NCT04591431) investigates the efficacy of a tailored treatment (TT), driven by extensive genomic tests and Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) evaluation, compared to standard treatment (SoC) in patients (pts) with refractory metastatic cancer. Here we report the prevalence of actionable variants identified and the personalized treatment received by the patients enrolled. Methods: A centralized extensive NGS test (FoundationOne CDx and Liquid CDx) was performed on both tissue and blood samples. Pts with at least one potentially targetable alteration matched to the available drugs were discussed at the MTB. MTB evaluation criteria were: genomic variant type, tumor mutational burden (TMB), VAF, availability of preclinical or clinical data of efficacy and patients’ clinical characteristics. COSMIC, ClinVar, OncoKB and VarSome datasets were used to evaluate the clinical actionability of genomic alterations. MTB indications were: randomization to TT vs SoC, screening failure (SF), or indication to other trial/access to the drug. Results: From November 2020 to August 2023, 1794 pts were screened. A total of 127 weekly MTB meetings were conducted and 899 cases were discussed (7 cases/meeting on average). After MTB discussion, a targetable genomic alteration was identified in 425 pts, who received an indication to be randomized. MTB assigned ICIs to 190 pts (155 to ipilimumab plus nivolumab; 8 to nivolumab) due to high (≥10 mut/mb) TMB. 234 pts had indications to target therapy: 86 pts (37%) to PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors(i), 59 (25%) anti-HER2 agents, 34 (15%) FGFRi, 31 (13%) BRAF/MEKi, 7 (3%) PARPi, 5 (2%) CDK4/6i, 4 (2%) ALKi, 2 (>1%) NTRKi, 2 (>1%) RETi, 2 (>1%) Hedgehog-i, 1 (>1%) JAKi, 1 (>1%) MEKi. 27 pts had indication to ICIs plus target therapy combinations. Additionally, 150 pts with potentially hereditary variants were addressed to genetic counselling and germline testing. Finally, according to the genomic evaluation, 63 pts were referred by MTB to other clinical trial even if considered SF for the ROME trial, 34 patients received from the MTB a modification of the initially proposed standard therapy and 4 had both suggestions. Overall, 652 pts (36%) received an indication following NGS test and MTB evaluation. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that MTB discussion of comprehensive genomic profiling data identifies a personalized treatment in a large (36%) fraction of patients, thus outperforming the traditional histological approach. Clinical trial information: NCT04591431 .
Median and Digital Nerve In Situ Tension in the Hand

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Digital nerves will experience tension under normal daily activities, and understanding the amount of tension experienced in these nerves relates directly to the necessary strength in nerve repairs. To begin quantification of tension, the tension borne by the median and digital nerves in cadaveric hands was quantified under conditions of finger hyperextension, nerve distraction, and finger flexion. Methods: Five cadaveric hands were mounted in a special fixture that allowed finger hyperextension and flexion and could apply known distractions while the tension borne by each digital nerve was measured. Sequential dissection exposed the digital nerves so that measurements of tension in the median, common, and proper digital nerves were conducted with finger hyperextension, nerve distraction, and finger flexion. Results: Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) hyperextension of 30° created mean nerve tensions up to 0.64 N, 5 mm of nerve distraction created mean nerve tensions up to 1.23 N, and 90° of MCP flexion relieved up to a mean of 1.18 N of nerve tension. Conclusions: In situ tension is present in the median and digital nerves with digital motion. Finger hyperextension and nerve distraction produce tension, whereas finger flexion reduces tension. Existing nerve repairs are strong enough to withstand in situ nerve tensions produced by reasonable digital motion if the original nerve length is present.
Effects of Hypoxia Preconditioning on the LTP of Mice Hippocampal Slice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective :To study the effect of hypoxia preconditioning on LTP in the hippocampal slice.Methods:Mice were divided into 3 groups randomly and were exposed to hypoxia,respectively,for 4 runs(H4 group),1 run(H1 group) and 0 run(control group).The hippocampal slices were prepared and LTP were recoded after mice exposed to hypoxia.Schaffer lateral branch in CA3 region was simulated to record LTP of each group in CA1 region.Results:The probability of the induction of LTP in the CA1 region of H1 group was the lowest among three groups.The percentage of both A-PS and f-EPSP changes in hippocampal slices of group H0 and H4 was significantly higher than that in group H1(P0.01),but no difference was seen between group H0 and H4(P0.05).Conclusion:Hypoxia inhibiting the induction of LTP and hypoxia preconditioning can recover the induction.The change of synaptic plasticity may be involved in the protection of brain of hypoxia-preconditioned mice.