jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Z and Hou J: High Jagged1 expression predicts poor outcome in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The pathological roles of Notch pathway in renal cell carcinoma are still unclear, although Notch signaling has been shown to have an effect on many malignant tumors. In this study, Jagged1 was detected to examine its expression pattern and clinical significance in renal cell carcinoma. Methods: Normal and cancerous kidney tissues from three renal cell carcinoma patients were analyzed using western blot and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction for Jagged1 expression. Subsequently, extensive immunohistochemistry was performed to detect Jagged1 expression in 129 renal cell carcinoma cases. Clinicopathological data for these patients were evaluated. The prognostic significance was assessed using the Kaplan– Meier survival estimates and log-rank tests. A multivariate study with the Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the prognosis-related aspects. Results: Western blot and polymerase chain reaction results showed markedly increased Jagged1 protein and mRNA levels in renal cell carcinoma tissues compared with normal kidney tissues, which was further verified by immunohistochemical analysis. The expression level of Jagged1 was strongly associated with tumor size, nuclear grade and TNM stage. In
Pneumothorax prevalence and mortality per gestational age in the newborn

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Pneumothorax (PTX) in newborns is a life‐threatening condition associated with high morbidity and mortality especially in premature infants. The frequency of PTX in neonates at different gestational ages (GA) and its impact on neonatal mortality have not been quantified. We aimed to determine: (1) the prevalence of PTX in neonates at different GA from ≤24 to ≥37 weeks, (2) the impact of PTX on mortality per GA, and (3) the impact of PTX on the length of stay (LOS) per GA. Methods The national Kids' Inpatient Database for the years of 2006–2012 were used. We included all infants admitted to the hospital with a documented GA and International Classification of Disease 9 code of PTX. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted and odds ratios (OR) were calculated. Results A total of 10,625,036 infants were included; of them 3665 infants (0.034%) had a diagnosis of PTX, with highest prevalence at ≤24 weeks GA (0.67%), and lowest at term (0.02%). The overall mortality rate of patients with PTX was 8.8%, and greater in preterm (16.3%) versus term infants (2.7%). The association of mortality with PTX was greatest at GA of 29–32 weeks (OR = 8.55; 95% confidence interval: 6.56–11.13). Infants who survived until discharge had a median of 2–12 days longer LOS depending on GA category. Conclusions The prevalence of PTX peaks in infants less than 24 weeks, however, its impact on mortality is greatest at 29–32 weeks. PTX is associated with longer LOS in survivors.
Individual-Level Predictors of Perceived Safety: Data from an International Sample

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article compares individual characteristics of people residing in different global regions and how they affect a person’s perceived risk of victimization. Prior research has extensively explored perceived risk of victimization, but few studies have been able to research the issue cross-nationally. The International Crime Victimization Survey data are used to explore perceived risk of victimization among those who reside in different global regions. This study explores the individual-level characteristics to determine whether this set of variables explains a person’s perception of risk while out after dark. Results of the ordered logistic analysis show that gender, age, living in an urban residence, having previously been a victim, and socioeconomic status affect perceived risk but that effects differ by global region. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Elastin-like Peptide in Confinement: FT-IR and NMR T 1 Relaxation Data

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We employed FT-IR and NMR experiments to investigate the influence of a cell-mimicking crowding environment on the structure and dynamics of an elastin-like peptide (ELP) with the sequence GVG(VPGVG) 3 , which – due to a high number of hydrophobic amino acid side chains – exhibits an inverse temperature transition (ITT). As simplified crowding agent, we used 30 wt% Ficoll. The FT-IR data revealed the well-known broad ITT above ~25°C, as observed by the decrease of the relative population of random coil structures and the concomitant increase of type II β-turns. Interestingly, the addition of Ficoll leads to a destabilizing effect of type II β-turn structures. This is in contrast to the expected excluded-volume effect of the macromolecular crowder, but can be explained by weak interactions of the peptide with the polysaccharide chains of the crowding agent. Further, the crowding agent leads to the onset of a reversal of the folding transition at high temperatures. The full assignment of the ELP allowed for a residue-specific investigation of the dynamic behavior of ELP by NMR. Due to a strong change of microscopic viscosity between native/buffered conditions and crowded conditions, relaxation data remain inconclusive with respect to the observation of an ITT. Hence, no quantitative details in terms of internal conformational changes can be obtained. However, temperature dependent differences in the 13 C relaxation behavior between core and terminal parts of the peptide indicate temperature induced changes in the internal dynamics with generally higher internal mobility at chain ends: This is in full agreement with FT-IR data. In harmony with the FT-IR analysis, macromolecular crowding does not lead to significant changes in the relaxation behavior.
A Study on Performance of Mutual Fund with Reference to Equity Growth Fund

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This research aims to analyze the performance of mutual funds, specifically focusing on Equity Growth Funds, within the context of the dynamic financial market. Mutual funds play a pivotal role in channeling investments into various financial instruments, and Equity Growth Funds, in particular, are designed to capitalize on opportunities in the equity markets to achieve long-term capital appreciation. This study employs a comprehensive approach to assess the performance of these funds, taking into account various financial metrics, market trends, and risk factors. The research methodology involves a thorough examination of historical fund performance, benchmark comparisons, and risk-adjusted returns. Additionally, the study explores the impact of macroeconomic factors, market volatility, and fund manager expertise on the overall performance of Equity Growth Funds. Utilizing both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the research aims to provide valuable insights for investors, fund managers, and financial institutions seeking a deeper understanding of the dynamics influencing mutual fund performance.
Matching Clinicians to Operative Cases

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In the original article by A. Was; J. Wanderer: „Matching Clinicians to Operative Cases: A Novel Application of a Patient Acuity Score“, the pagination and citation line was unfortunately incorrect. This error is corrected now: Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 445–453 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-01-CR-0004
Enzyme-Catalyzed Modifications of Polysaccharides and Poly(ethylene glycol)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Polysaccharides are used extensively in various industrial applications, such as food, adhesives, coatings, construction, paper, pharmaceuticals, and personal care. Many polysaccharide structures need to be modified in order to improve their end-use properties; this is mostly done through chemical reactions. In the past 20 years many enzyme-catalyzed modifications have been developed to supplement chemical derivatization methods. Typical reactions include enzymatic oxidation, ester formation, amidation, glycosylation, and molecular weight reduction. These reactions are reviewed in this paper, with emphasis placed on the work done by the authors. The polymers covered in this review include cellulosic derivatives, starch, guar, pectin, and poly(ethylene glycol).
J0402-1-5 Optimization of Shape of Stress-relief Groove for Improvement of Fretting Fatigue Strength

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The authors showed that the improvement of fretting fatigue strength by stress-relief groove can be evaluated by the stress concentration factor in the vicinity of the contact edge. This evaluation method used a mater curve based on large amount of experiment. The objective of this study is expansion of the evaluation method to reduce the amount of experiment by utilizing FEM analysis. The criterion of fracture that the maximum axial stress was equivalent to the fatigue limit of smooth specimen was confirmed by an S-N test and analysis conditions were fixed by another S-N test. The master curve was then produced by analysis. The result of evaluation was in good agreement with that of experiment. Another objective was to obtain further improvement of fretting fatigue strength by stress-relief groove. 1.75 times increase was achieved by compound arc shape groove.
Artificial Lawyering: A Jekyll and Hyde Story

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used by the public to make important decisions, from the advancement of business algorithms to aiding with college admissions processes. Much has been written recently about AI and the law. But where is the intersection between AI and the law? And where is the line drawn to separate the two? This Article addresses the benefits and detriments to the use of AI in the legal setting, and provides a solution through the Model Rules of Professional Conduct to capture the benefits while simultaneously abating the detriments. The discussion aims to break down the typical black-box description by computer scientists who create their own lexicography into an understandable, easily discernable analogy. To that measure, I first discuss AI generally to create a baseline understanding. I then turn to how AI is used in the current legal setting by both lawyers and laypersons. A key motivation to writing this Article is to highlight the systemic problems plaguing the legal system, and how AI can resolve these problems. However, science has taught us that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. The benefits of legal aid through AI are contrasted with discussions about how the use of AI in the legal field can create more issues than it solves, such as implicating the unauthorized practice of law (“UPL”), endangering the public, and magnifying the effects of inherent bias in data sets. Finally, this Article suggests a proactive solution to reap the benefits of AI and minimize the potential problems that arise. Instead of an overview of AI and the law, this Article explores the ethical implications and policy arguments surrounding the use of AI in legal settings. In light of AI transforming the legal industry in numerous ways every day, society—and more specifically lawyers—must maintain their ethical principles in the changing environment.
COW S MILK PROTEIN SENSITIZATION - LAST 10 YEARS CASUISTIC

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cow's milk protein allergy is the most common food allergy, affecting approximately 2-3 % of infants until the age of 3, in industrialized countries. It seems to be important to understand the impact of this problem in the paediatric population. Material and Methods: An observational, longitudinal, retrospective study of all infants followed in our department (from January of 1995 to December of 2004) with the diagnosis of cow's milk protein sensitization was made. Their allergy work-up included specific IgE determinations using CAP technology performed against alphalactalbumin (ALA), beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), casein and also soy protein. The following data was also analyzed: sex and age of sensitisation, type of feeding, symptoms of allergic disease (atopic dermatitis, wheezing and gastrointestinal symptoms) and the relationship between symptoms and sensitization pattern. Results: A total of 153 infants (87 boys and 66 girls) was studied; from this group, 114 (74%) showed sensitization to ALA, 98 (64%) to casein, 97 (63%) to BLG and 12 (7,8%) to soy protein. One third of all children showed sensitization to the three cow's milk proteins. Initial clinical symptoms were seen between 1 and 108 months of age. Major clinical signs were wheezing in 52,9 % and atopic dermatitis, found in 32,7 %. Conclusions: We could not find any variation in the pattern of sensitization to milk or soy proteins during the ten years included in the study. Boys were more often sensitized to cow's milk protein than girls. A relation was found between sensitization to ALA and wheezing, as well as between BLG and atopic dermatitis.
Exchange and final channel screening effects in (e, 2e) processes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The DS3C model has been improved by taking into account the final channel screening effects. The triple differential cross sections for electron impact ionization of helium at an incident energy of 40 eV are considered. The results of the present DS3C model are compared with the absolute measurements and those of other theoretical models. It has also been shown in which situation the exchange effects are crucial.
Spanish church music: an exhibition and a new edition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Spanish church music: an exhibition and a new edition Get access TK TK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Early Music, Volume XXII, Issue 2, May 1994, Page 332, https://doi.org/10.1093/earlyj/XXII.2.332 Published: 01 May 1994
Risk factors for cytomegalovirus reactivation during the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis: A retrospective cohort study of the J-CANVAS study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objectives Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation during immunosuppressive therapy poses a risk of severe infections. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of CMV reactivation in patients with microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis using a nationwide cohort in Japan. Methods This retrospective cohort study used data from the Japan Collaborative Registry of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. The outcome was as CMV reactivation up to 48 weeks after treatment initiation. We explored the risk factors for CMV reactivation by comparing the two groups. Results Of the 454 patients, CMV reactivation occurred in 89 (19.6%). The univariate analysis showed that patients with CMV reactivation were older (P &lt; .001), had higher Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Scores (BVAS) (P = .004) and BVAS renal scores (P &lt; .001), and had received glucocorticoid pulse (P = .004). The logistic regression analysis showed that hypoalbuminemia (odds ratio: 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.31–0.98), and low serum IgG (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89–1.00) were risk factors for CMV reactivation. Conclusions Hypoalbuminemia and low serum IgG levels were risk factors for CMV reactivation. It is necessary to accurately identify high-risk patients and closely monitor their condition.
Influence of external magnetic field on the viscosity of electrically conducting magnetic fluids

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Purpose. Theoretical study of an external magnetic field on the discontinuous and bulk viscosity of electrically conductive magnetic fluids. Methods. The method of molecular kinetic theory is used, which, using kinetic methods for single-particle and two-particle distribution functions, allows one to determine transfer mechanisms in electrically conductive magnetic fluids.When constructing kinetic mathematical electrically conductive magnetic fluids as multicomponent systems in which non-magnetic and magnetic subsystems are independent, magnetic particles and the stabilizer substance closely interact with each other. Results. Based on algorithms of expressions for the coefficients of shear and volumetric viscosity, the observed mechanisms of translational and structural relaxation processes, a series of calculations was carried out depending on thecoefficients of stepwise and volumetric viscosity from the results of external magnetic fields, the volumetric structure of magnetic particles and the calculation of measured values in electrically conductive magnetic fluids based on mercury and a eutectic alloy of Gallium and India. It is shown that with increasing external magnetic fields, the coefficients of shear and bulk viscosity in electrically conductive magnetic fluids increase nonlinearly. An increase in the volume of elements of magnetic particles also leads to a nonlinear increase in the coefficients of abrupt and bulk viscosity. Conclusion. The given calculations of the coefficients of shear and bulk viscosity depending on the principle of international dependence indicate that the use of metal constants in electrically conductive magnetic fluids leads to a noticeable decrease in their viscosity. It is shown that the results obtained, in good agreement with literature data, can be used for further development of the theory of transfer processes of electrically conductive magnetic fluids.
Successful reservoir resettlement in China - Shuikou Hydroelectric Project

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper records the involuntary resettlement experience associated with the construction of the Shuikou Dam and Reservoir Project in Fujian Province, financed by two Bank loans. The resettlement was instrumental in speeding up a transition out of the traditional agriculture, exemplified by a fifty two percent of the newly created jobs, involving non-farm, or non-land based activities. Success factors detailed in this report, include the responsive policies of the central, and provincial governments; a comprehensive institutional framework for the implementation of resettlement; the involvement of affected populations in identifying, and implementing economic opportunities; the willingness of affected populations to take the opportunity to supplement compensation for housing, with additional investments to construct houses far superior to those replaced; and, the sensitivity of the implementation approach, which allowed for changes as circumstances warranted. Furthermore, the independent evaluation of resettlement, proved valuable, in that its annual reports, over a five year period, provided government agencies, and the Bank, regular feedback on achievements, or outstanding problems. Nonetheless, the report suggests greater input from professional town planners, and, a particularly advanced land development for economic tree production, among other better options for resettlement implementation.
A Stackelberg-Game-Based Power Control Algorithm for Wireless Mesh Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are a promising networking paradigm for next generation wireless networking system. Power control plays a vital role in WMNs and is realized to be a crucial step toward large-scale WMNs deployment. In this paper, we address the problem of how to allocate the power for both optimizing quality of service (QoS) and saving the power consumption in WMNs based on the game theory. We first formulate the problem as a noncooperative game, in which the QoS attributes and the power of each node are defined as a utility function, and all the nodes attempt to maximize their own utility. In such game, we correlate all the interfering nodes to be an interfering object and the receiving node to be the interfering object's virtual destination node. We then present an equilibrium solution for the noncooperative game using Stackelberg model, and we propose an iterative, distributed power control algorithm for WMNs. Also, we conduct numeric experiments to evaluate the system performance, our results show that the proposed algorithm can balance nodes to share the limited network resources and maximize total utility, and thus it is efficient and effective for solving the power control problem in WMNs.
The importance of assessing self-reported HIV status in bio-behavioural

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In bio-behavioural surveys measuring prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), respondents should be asked the results of their last HIV test. However, many government authorities, nongovernmental organizations, researchers and other civil society stakeholders have stated that respondents involved in such surveys should not be asked to self-report their HIV status. The reasons offered for not asking respondents to report their status are that responses may be inaccurate and that asking about HIV status may violate the respondents' human rights and exacerbate stigma and discrimination. Nevertheless, we contend that, in the antiretroviral therapy era, asking respondents in bio-behavioural surveys to self-report their HIV status is essential for measuring and improving access to - and coverage of - services for the care, treatment and prevention of HIV infection. It is also important for estimating the true size of the unmet needs in addressing the HIV epidemic and for interpreting the behaviours associated with the acquisition and transmission of HIV infection correctly. The data available indicate that most participants in health-related surveys are willing to respond to a question about HIV status - as one of possibly several sensitive questions about sexual and drug use behaviours. Ultimately, normalizing the self-reporting of HIV status could help the global community move from an era of so-called exceptionalism to one of destigmatization - and so improve the epidemic response worldwide.
AP-1-mediated chromatin looping regulates ZEB2 transcription: new insights into TNFα-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in triple-negative breast cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The molecular determinants of malignant cell behaviour in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are potential therapeutic targets for TNBC. In this study, we demonstrate that the inflammatory cytokine TNFα induces EMT in TNBC cells via activation of AP-1 signaling and subsequently induces expression of the EMT regulator ZEB2. We also show that TNFα activates both the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways, which act upstream of AP-1. We further investigated in detail AP-1 regulation of ZEB2 expression. We show that two ZEB2 transcripts derived from distinct promoters are both expressed in breast cancer cell lines and breast tumor samples. Using the chromosome conformation capture assay, we demonstrate that AP-1, when activated by TNFα, binds to a site in promoter 1b of the ZEB2 gene where it regulates the expression of both promoter 1b and 1a, the latter via mediating long range chromatin interactions. Overall, this work provides a plausible mechanism for inflammation-induced metastatic potential in TNBC, involving a novel regulatory mechanism governing ZEB2 isoform expression.