jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Invasive mikania in Chitwan National Park, Nepal: the threat to the greater one-horned rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis and factors driving the invasion

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract As part of a census of the Indian rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis a survey was conducted to measure the extent of invasion by the neotropical plant mikania Mikania micrantha across major habitats of Chitwan National Park important for the conservation of the rhinoceros. Previous work has demonstrated that this fire-adapted plant can smother and kill native flora such as grasses and sapling trees, several of which are important fodder plants of the rhinoceros. Here, additional studies were conducted on the risks of anthropogenic factors (natural resource collection and grassland burning) contributing to the spread and growth of the plant. Mikania is currently found across 44% of habitats sampled and almost 15% of these have a high infestation (> 50% coverage). Highest densities were recorded from riverine forest, tall grass and wetland habitats and this is where the highest numbers of rhinoceroses were recorded in the habitats surveyed during the census. Local community dependence on natural resources in the core area of the Park is high. The range and volume of resources (e.g. fodder) collected and the distances travelled all pose a high risk of the spread of mikania. Of greater significance is the annual burning of the grasslands in the Park by local communities, estimated at 25–50% of the total area. It is imperative, therefore, that core elements of a management plan for mikania incorporate actions to control burning, reduce spread and raise awareness about best practice for local resource management by local communities.
Endovascular repair for infra-renal aortic aneurysms with supra-renal fixation endoprosthesis: Results and outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the outcomes regarding endoleaks, reinterventions, and death related to aneurysm complications in patients submitted to endovascular repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortoiliac aneurysm (AAA) using Endurant II (Medtronic) and Zenith Flex (Cook) endografts. Methods This was a prospective, consecutive cohort study of patients with AAA who underwent EVAR with the use of Endurant II stent graft and Zenith Flex endograft. Results A total of 156 patients submitted to EVAR were evaluated. The perioperative mortality was 5.1%, 8 patients. The median clinical follow-up period was 760 ± 80 days. There were 28 patients (17.9%) submitted to urgent repair of the aneurysm (symptomatic expansion or rupture) and 128 patients (82.1%) submitted to elective repair. There were 36 cases (23.1%) of later endoleak and most of them are Type II endoleaks (21 patients, 13.4%). There were 12 cases of Type I endoleak. Moreover, regarding limb graft occlusion (LGO), there were 9 patients (5.8%). The overall survival rate in Kaplan–Meier analysis at 720 days was 84.8% in the total cohort. The freedom from reintervention rate in Kaplan–Meier analysis at 720 days was 92.7% in the total cohort. The linear regression analysis for survival rates showed that chronic kidney disease ( p = .03; hazard ratio (HR) = 2.82, CI = 1.07–4.44) was the only factor related to poorer survival rates in both univariate and multivariate analyses. The linear regression analysis showed that the presence of endoleaks ( p < .001, HR = 6.69, CI = 2.26–8.48) and limb graft occlusion ( p < .001, HR = 8.02, CI = 1.60–9.99) were related to reintervention in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusion In this present study, supra-renal fixation endograft devices were safe and efficient in treating AAA, with satisfactory results and no renal compromise. The linear regression analysis showed that the presence of endoleaks and limb graft occlusion were related to higher reintervention rates in both univariate and multivariate analyses.
Observations upon Complement Fixation in Infections with Endamoeba Histolytica

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With advancements in stem cell technology, in vitro models using iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cells)-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) and engineered heart tissues (EHT) can serve as powerful tools for disease modeling and drug screening. ...Fluorescent reporters of cardiac electrophysiology provide valuable information on heart cell and tissue function. However, motion artifacts caused by cardiac muscle contraction interfere with accurate measurement of fluorescence signals. Although drugs ...
Accélérer la transition vers une alimentation durable par un changement de paradigme scientifique et économique et des politiques publiques innovantes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The food transition marks the transition from an agro-industrial model generating negative externalities to sustainable food systems. It involves several breaks: spatial (proximity vs. globalized sectors), technological (agroecology and industrial eco-design and logistics vs. chemical and energy intensification), economic (total quality vs. volume maximization). These breaks involve a significant R & D and training investment and proactive food policies.
Effect of Different Concentrations of Taurine on Certain Biochemical Parameters During Cryopreservation of Gir Bull Semen

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A Total 8 semen sample from four healthy Gir breeding bulls were collected at weekly interval for two weeks period using of artificial vagina method for evaluation of semen biochemical attributes at various stages of cryopreservation of Gir bull semen. The overall mean values for oxidative stress parameters viz. lipid peroxidation and glutathione reductase were 51.14 ± 0.18 μmol/ml and 32.24 ± 0.64 U/L, respectively in neat semen samples. The difference was non-significant among the bulls for the glutathione reductase, while significant (P<0.05) difference was found for the lipid peroxidation. Mean Malondialdehyde (MDA) level were 30.74 ± 0.55μmol/ml in 50mM Taurine group at post-thaw stages of cryopreservation, and were significantly (P<0.05) lower as compared to that of the other groups. Mean glutathione reductase levels in 50 mM Taurine group were 64.76 ± 0.78 U/L at pre-freeze stages of cryopreservation, and were significantly (P<0.05) higher as compared to that of the other groups. Mean Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was 15.95 ± 0.74μmol/ml in 50 mM Taurine group at post-thaw stages of cryopreservation, and were significantly (P<0.05) lower as compared to that of the other groups. Mean glutathione reductase levels in 50 mM Taurine group were 80.25 ± 4.85 U/L at post-thaw stages of cryopreservation, and were significantly (P<0.05) higher as compared to that of the other groups.
Once More Unto the Breach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The field of biologically inspired computing has generated many novel, interesting and useful computational systems. None of these systems alone is capable of approaching the level of behaviour for which the artificial intelligence and robotics communities strive. We suggest that it is now time to move on to integrating a number of these approaches in a biologically justifiable way. To this end we present a conceptual framework that integrates artificial neural networks, artificial immune systems and a novel artificial endocrine system. The natural counterparts of these three components are usually assumed to be the principal actors in maintaining homeostasis within biological systems. This chapter proposes a system that promises to capitalise on the self-organising properties of these artificial systems to yield artificially homeostatic systems. The components develop in a common environment and interact in ways that draw heavily on their biological counterparts for inspiration. A case study is presented, in which aspects of the nervous and endocrine systems are exploited to create a simple robot controller. Mechanisms for the moderation of system growth using an artificial immune system are also presented.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Medical Students Regarding Self-Medication in Sore Throat: A Cross-sectional Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Self-medication is a prevalent problem worldwide. Especially, knowing the pattern among medical students is pertinent as they would be future physicians. It would be interesting to find out their self-medication practices in common ailment such as sore throat. Aim: To study the patterns of self-medication in sore throat among medical students. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, online questionnaire based survey (via google forms) conducted in Muzaffarnagar Medical College in October 2020-November 2020. Total 450 students form 2nd, 3rd and final year (150 per batch) were enrolled. Out of these, only 213 consented and participated in the study (82 from 2nd year, 93 from 3rd year and 38 from final year). Results were expressed as counts (n) and percentages (%) statistical analysis was done wherever appropriate. Results: Out of 213 (113 females and 100 males), who participated in the survey, 190 (89.2%) suffered from sore throat in last 1 year and 111 (58.42%) of these self-medicated for it. Self-medication practices increased with professional year, highest being in final year (27 of 38, 71.05%). Most common class of drug used was antibiotic (consumed by n=95, 85.59%). It was followed by analgesic/antipyretic (n=82, 73.87%) and antihistaminic (n=75, 67.57%). Overall, azithromycin was the most favoured independent drug for sore throat (n=68, 71.58%). More than half of the students who preferred antibiotic other than azithromycin (n=14/27, 51.85%), discontinued it within 3 days. Majority of students (n=126, 59.15%) did not support self-medication whereas 87 students (40.85%) believed self-medication to be good. Almost 1/5th of the students (n=46, 21.60%) confirmed that they will self-medicate in future, 107(50.23%) were not sure and only 60 (28.17%) refused to practice self-medication. One fifth students (n=42, 19.72%) felt that self-medication is a part of self-care and 30 (14.08%) would recommend it to others also. Prevalence of self-medication in sore throat was in 111 students (58.42%). Conclusion: A rising trend with progression of professional year was observed. An alarming fact in the present study was the high use of antibiotic in sore throat by our undergraduates. The students need to understand the indications of the medicines they prescribe to themselves or others.
VHB937, a TREM2 Stabilizing and Activating Antibody Strongly Reduces Pathology After Peripheral Administration in a Broad Range of Animal Models for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration (P4-4.004)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

To examine the impact of the anti-human TREM2 agonistic mAb VHB937 in vitro and in vivo in models for neurodegenerative diseases.
Prevention of Postoperative Adhesion Bands by Alkali-treated Cellulosic Luffa Fibers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The formation of postsurgical intra-abdomen adhesion bands can cause severe complications. The luffa fibers were alkali treated to produce the desire hydrophobic and microfibrous structure. The scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction results have demonstrated that this treatment furnished a fine and hydrophobic fibrous structure. Moreover, the crystallinity of luffa increased from 17.4% to 63.32% by alkali treatment. Moreover, the in vivo results represented a significant reduction of inflammatory cells and adhesion bands after one week of luffa fibers implantation. These results suggest that the luffa fibers have the potential to act as a barrier for prevention of adhesion bands.
Gymnodamaeus bicostatus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gymnodamaeus bicostatus (C.L. Koch, 1836) Distribution in Georgia. W: Ritsa Reserve, Sokhumi, Paliastomi Lake; E: Tbilisi, Algethy Reserve (Shtanchaeva & Subías 2010) Global distribution. Holarctic Ecology. Forest soils
The end of populism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The populist wave which has submerged Europe and the United States in recent years seems unstoppable. But is it? The End of Populism offers answers and proposes concrete solutions to confront the rise of "illiberal democracy." Drawing on years of research, the author develops a complete new ideal type of populism, which enables him to identify the basic problems. Deploying a wealth of social science evidence, he refutes the populist claim that democracy is a "demand side" phenomenon, and demonstrates that it is rather a "supply side" phenomenon. He argues that one can have "too much democracy" and shows how methods of direct democracy, such as popular initiatives, referendums, and open primaries, which pretend "to give the power back to the people," have led to manipulation by populists and moneyed interests. Populist attacks on the judiciary, central banks, the media, and other independent agencies, instead of strengthening democracy, have rather undermined liberal democracy. The author formulates twenty original and bold proposals to fight populism and defend liberal democracy. These proposals include ways to bridge the gap between the people and the elites, fight corruption, improve political party funding, and initiate societal, educational, and macro-economic reforms to increase economic equality and alleviate the insecurity of the citizens.
The Ambiguity of Justice: New Perspectives on Paul Ricoeur's Approach to Justice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Ambiguity of Justice offers a collection of essays on Ricoeur’s thought on justice, and on the different views that influenced this thought, in particular those of Arendt, Honneth, Hénaff, Rawls, Levinas and Boltanski. Although Ricoeur’s idea of justice has undoubtedly caught much attention already, only a few monographs have been published so far that explicitly address this topic. The contributors of this book – a mix of both well-established Ricoeur scholars and young promising scholars in this field – address the difficulties in Ricoeur’s thought on justice by maintaining his spirit of dialogue, not only by showing how Ricoeur himself repeatedly searches for dialogue in his writings on justice, but also by arguing that Ricoeur’s thought allows contributions to contemporary debates about justice.
The Effect of Hotel Service Satisfaction on Loyalty: The Role of Gender

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the effect of satisfaction on hotel services such as service product satisfaction, service delivery satisfaction, and service environment satisfaction on loyalty. The sample in this study are 210 respondents who visited the hotel in the past month. The analysis technique used is the Structural Equation Model with Partial Least Square. The results showed that all satisfaction variables for hotel services significantly influenced loyalty in both groups of ganders. If differentiated based on gender, it shows that male groups are more interested in service environment satisfaction and service delivery satisfaction towards loyalty, while female groups are more interested in service environment satisfaction and service product satisfaction towards loyalty.
A mucoadhesive polymer prepared by template polymerization of acrylic acid in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) for mucosal drug delivery

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The interpolymer complexes composed of PVA and PAA were prepared by template polymerization of acrylic acid in the presence of PVA with different molecular weights and degrees of saponification. The carbonyl absorption band of the PAA in the PAA/PVA interpolymer complexes was shifted to a lower wavenumber due to H‐bonding between the carboxyl group of PAA and the hydroxyl group of PVA. The swelling ratio and the degree of dissolution of the PVA/PAA interpolymer complexes were dependent on the pH of the medium, the molecular weight, and the degree of saponification of the PVA. The release rate of a model drug, lidocaine, from the complexes decreased with increasing degree of saponification of the PVA due to the lower swelling degree of the complex. The adhesive force of the PVA/PAA interpolymer complexes with a plastic plate (poly propylene) was stronger than that of the commercial Carbopol 971P. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 327–331, 2004
ChemInform Abstract: Sesquiterpenes from an Egyptian Herbal Medicine, Pulicaria undulate, with Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production in RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The new isolated compounds 5α‐hydroperoxyivalin (I), 8‐epi‐xanthanol (II) and 8‐epi‐isoxanthanol (III) exhibit only moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
Klasifikasi Jenis Tanaman Fast Growing Species Menggunakan Algoritma Radial Basis Function Berdasarkan Citra Daun

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Indonesia has vast forests, even ranked as the third largest forest in the world. However, currently many forest areas have been deforested or the phenomenon of losing tree cover and forest areas. Forest rehabilitation programs develop by prioritizing plant or tree species that have fast growth or are called fast growing species. However, many people do not know about these fast growing species. Even though knowledge about the types of fast growing plant species is very important for the community to have so that the community can find out which plants can accelerate forest rehabilitation. Fast growing species of plants can actually be identified from the shape of the leaves. This study aims to build a classification model for fast growing species plant images based on leaf images by applying the Radial Basis Function (RBF) artificial neural network algorithm with morphological feature extraction. Morphological feature extraction is used to identify the shape of an object in order to obtain feature values based on predetermined parameters. These features then become input for the RBF artificial neural network to obtain learning patterns. The RBF network has three layers that are feedforward so that it can support solving classification or pattern recognition problems. Based on the results of accuracy testing, an accuracy value of 87.50% was obtained. This means that the Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network is able to classify fast growing plant species based on leaf images.
Factors influencing internationalisation decision of upstream-SME in Singapore : a case study on plastic engineering industry.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is set up to determine the factors influencing the decision making process of upstream-SMEs in their internationalisation process. To establish grounds for the case study, an extensive literature review was performed on the international supply chain as well as the internationalisation process of SMEs, together with an indepth study into plastic engineering industry.
Lead-Contaminated House Dust and Urban Children&apos;s Blood Lead LevelsAmerican Journal of Public Health Reprint

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

the relationship between lead con-laminated house dust and urban not use a standardized dust sampling protocol. This paper presents a quantita-tive analysis of the association between lead-contaminated house dust and urban children&apos;s blood lead levels, controlling for other potential exposures.
Superfluid Helium Tanker Study (SFHT)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Superfluid Helium Tanker (SFHT) design is examined for minimum up front cost, a low life cycle cost, and the maximum flexibility/adaptability consistent with the above objectives. The logic flow started with the collection and analysis of user requirements. A configuration trade-off was made to determine the baseline concept for SFHT that most nearly met all of the program objectives. The next task was to develop the baseline concept for the fluid subsystem. With this accomplished the baseline tanker was designed. The commonality task was completed and the program plan and cost estimate will be completed.
Computation of q-Binomial Coefficients with the $P(n,m)$ Integer Partition Function

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Using $P(n,m)$, the number of integer partitions of $n$ into exactly $m$ parts, which was the subject of an earlier paper, $P(n,m,p)$, the number of integer partitions of $n$ into exactly $m$ parts with each part at most $p$, can be computed in $O(n^2)$, and the q-binomial coefficient can be computed in $O(n^3)$. Using the definition of the q-binomial coefficient, some properties of the q-binomial coefficient and $P(n,m,p)$ are derived. The q-multinomial coefficient can be computed as a product of q-binomial coefficients. A formula for $Q(n,m,p)$, the number of integer partitions of $n$ into exactly $m$ distinct parts with each part at most $p$, is given. Some formulas for the number of integer partitions with each part between a minimum and a maximum are derived. A computer algebra program is listed implementing these algorithms using the computer algebra program of the earlier paper.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Childhood Uropathogens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As one of the common childhood infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs) take up an important part of a pediatrician's daily routine practice. Not only can UTIs lead to life-threatining complications in infants, but also to renal scarring and related complications in all age groups. In order to avoid morbidity, it is suggested that treatment should be started as soon as a UTI is recognized, but because urine cultures (the gold-standard for the diagnosis of UTI) take 24–48 h to process, initial treatment is started empirically. At this point, knowledge of the pathogens causing the UTI and local antibiotic sensitivity patterns are needed to ensure appropriate treatment. With this purpose, studies were conducted all over the world and high levels of resistance to ampicillin, cephalexin and trimethoprim-sulphametoxazole were commonly reported. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance of uropathogens in complicated and recurrent UTIs was found to be even higher than that in first, uncomplicated UTIs. Multidrug resistance in pediatric UTIs has been determined to be 3.1–7.1% and the most commonly reported coresistance is to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulphametoxazole. Cefuroxime, cefixime and cefdinir in addition to co-amoxilav are suggested as first-line oral antibiotics, whereas aminoglycosides are suggested for use in the parenteral treatment of UTIs. With low resistance rates, nitrofurantoin is recommended for the treatment of cystitis and prophylaxis.