jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KERAPATAN TEGAKAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK TANAH PADA BERBAGAI TUTUPAN LAHAN DI KHDTK MANDIANGIN ULM

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Density of standing on a land cover can affect soil and environmental quality. The purpose of this research is to analyze the density of the stand through the approach of individual trees and Basal Area (BA), then analyze the influence of the density of soil physics in in Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Mandiangin University of Lambung Mangkurat. The research method is performed purposive random sampling with 25 sample points. Density observation by vegetation analysis method and soil sampling using ring sample. It will be increasingly close to the increasing number of individual attendance and the number of types followed by the higher Basal Area (BA) as well. The highest individual presence in old shrub land cover 2,070 individuals/ha with 30 types of plants and the lowest in open land cover only 450 individuals/ha with 6 types of plants. Robust density provides a good influence for the reduction in bulk density and particle density values as well as increased soil porosity in the soil. The lowest bulk density value will make the highest soil porosity of the old shrub land cover 58.35% whereas, the highest bulk density value will make low porosity in the open land cover of 46.68%Kerapatan tegakan pada suatu tutupan lahan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas tanah maupun lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menganalisis kerapatan tegakan melalui pendekatan kehadiran individu pohon dan Luas Bidang Dasar (LBDs) lalu menganalisis pengaruh kerapatan tegakan terhadap sifat fisika tanah di Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Mandiangin Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara purposive random sampling dengan 25 titik sampel. Pengamatan kerapatan dengan metode analisis vegetasi dan pengambilan sampel tanah menggunakan ring sample. Tegakan akan semakin rapat dengan bertambahnya jumlah kehadiran individu dan jumlah jenis diikuti dengan Luas Bidang Dasar (LBDs) yang semakin tinggi juga. Kehadiran individu paling tinggi pada tutupan lahan belukar tua 2.070 individu/ha dengan 30 jenis tumbuhan dan paling rendah pada tutupan lahan terbuka hanya 450 individu/ha dengan 6 jenis tumbuhan. Kerapatan tegakan memberikan pengaruh yang bagus untuk penurunan nilai bulk density dan particle density serta peningkatan porositas tanah di dalam tanah. Nilai bulk density yang paling rendah akan membuat porositas tanah paling tinggi yaitu pada tutupan lahan belukar tua 58,35 % Sedangkan, nilai bulk density yang paling tinggi akan membuat porositas rendah yaitu pada tutupan lahan terbuka sebesar 46,68 %
Unrestricted Gibonacci Hybrid Numbers

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Gibonacci sequence is a generalization of Fibonacci sequence and hybrid numbers are a mixture of reals, complex, dual and hyperbolic numbers. In this study, we introduce unrestricted Gibonacci hybrid numbers. After giving the definition of unrestricted gibonacci hybrid numbers, we give Binet--like formula for this kind of numbers. We also obtain some identities for unrestricted Gibonacci hybrid numbers.
Characteristics of Transition Bremsstrahlung Spectrum and Gaunt Factor: Thermal Shielding

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The influence of thermal shielding on the bremsstrahlung cross section and the Gaunt factor is investigated for the transition bremsstrahlung process, using the effective Debye–Hückel potential in the impact-parameter analysis. The results show that thermal shielding suppresses the bremsstrahlung radiation cross section. It is also found that the maximum position of the bremsstrahlung cross section approaches the collision center with increasing thermal energy. In addition, it is found that the magnitude of the oscillatory behavior of the bremsstrahlung cross section decreases with an increase in the radiation photon energy near the peak impact-parameter domain. The thermal shielding effect on the bremsstrahlung Gaunt factor is also discussed.
PULMONARY AND CARDIAC ADJUSTMENTS OF ORTHOPEDIC PATIENTS TO A MASK-FLIPPERS-SNORKEL AQUATIC THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE PROGRAM

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Hm. Perf. Lab., So. Conn. State Coll., New Haven, Ct. 06515, Milford Hosp, Fhys. Ther., Milford, Ct.
Evaluation of physiological responses and production performance of spiny lobster with different density treatments in floating net cage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The weak in survival rates and low productivity of spiny lobster are influenced by stock density. Thus it is necessary to find the optimum stock density to minimize stress levels and increase productivity. This study was consisted of 2 treatments, consisting of a 25 individuals/m2 and 50 individuals/m2 with a sheltered environment. The research analysis used descriptive analysis. The lowest stress levels was found in treatment of 25 lobsters/m2 (cortisol 1.17±0.14 nmol/L and glucose level 8.34±0.5 mg/dL) and the highest weight gain (26.29±1.69%) as well as the specific growth rate (0.77±0.014%). However, the highest value of survival rate of spiny lobsters (95±0.03%) with lowest specific growth and weight gain was found in 50 lobsters/m2 treatments.
Low power 32-bit full adders in 65nm CMOS technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The exponential growth in laptops, mobiles and other portable electronic systems has intensified the research in low-power consumption and hence energy-efficient has become one of the important parameter for portable electronic products. In energyconstrained systems, low power design is required for extending battery lifetime. Therefore, reducing power has become an important criterion in the design of digital circuits. There are various methods to reduce power consumption like supply voltage scaling, switching activity reduction, architectural techniques and device sizing. Out of all these methods, one of the most successful is supply voltage scaling which considerably reduces both static and active components of power consumption. Operating in the near-threshold region is an example of extreme case of supply voltage scaling where the supply voltage is reduced below/to near the threshold voltage of the transistor. It has been proved by extensive research that operating in near-threshold region; transistors consume minimum energy per operation. But operating in nearthreshold region comes at the expense of reduced circuit speed. So in areas where power consumption is primary and speed is secondary concern, operating in near-threshold region is very useful. In this project, emphasis has been given on full adder's operation in near-threshold region. The adder is one of the most critical components of a processor. The system's performance is affected by full adder as a whole. Previous full adder designs have been extensively studied. Emphasis has also been given on XOR-XNOR gates which forms the backbone of full adder logic. Simulations of different XOR-XNOR designs and full-adders upto 32-bit at supply voltages as low as 0.6 V have been done in Cadence environment using TSMC 65nm CMOS technology.
Importance of extrasphincteric mechanisms in the pathophysiology of faecal incontinence in adults with a history of anorectal anomaly

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Although surgery for congenital anorectal anomalies (ARAs) aims to preserve anorectal function, faecal incontinence and constipation often result. Apart from the anal sphincters, continence is dependent on multiple anatomical and physiological factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate adults with a history of ARA to determine the role of such factors in functional outcome. Methods The study included 20 consecutive adult patients with faecal incontinence who had undergone anorectal surgery as infants. Comprehensive testing included anal manometry, endoanal ultrasonography, tests of pudendal nerve function and rectal sensory function, evacuation proctography and colonic transit studies. Results Anal resting tone and squeeze increments were both attenuated in 15 of 19 patients. Integrity of the internal and external anal sphincters was compromised in 16 and 15 of 18 patients respectively. Eleven of 13 had evidence of pudendal neuropathy. Rectal sensation was abnormal in 14 of 18 patients, of whom ten were hypersensitive and four hyposensitive. Rectal evacuation was abnormal in nine of 14. Colonic transit was delayed in five of eight patients with constipation. Conclusion Faecal incontinence in adult patients with ARA is related to various pathophysiologies. Structural integrity of the anal sphincters is a major factor, but extrasphincteric mechanisms, notably rectal sensory function, may be as important.
Optimization of Cutting Propagation Conditions of S. mukorossi Gaerth Based on Orthogonal Test

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

[Objective]In order to study on more optimal breeding technology for the cutting propagation of S.mukorossi Gaerth,the sub-cuttage reproduction experiment was carried out.[Method]Cutting propagation of S.mukorossi Gaerth was carried out by using orthogonal design method with the cutting different in origin,length and treatment.The rooting ratio,number of root and length of root were investigated,and calculated root index and root effectiveness index.[Result]It was the best of rooting performance by using tip cuttings about 15 cm long,dipping with 200 mg/L ABT(1),and treating indirectly.Under the best conditions,the rooting ratio was 92.3%,the number of roots was 18,the length of roots was 17.3 cm,and the rooting effectiveness index was 16.72.[Conclusion]There was a better survival rate and rooting rate by using the tip of branchs with keeping sharp and 15 cm long as cutting.
Design of Soft-Switching Control Circuits in Vibrating Screen Invert Power Source

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new control system of vibrating screen invert power source was designed according to the question of step regulation of current and power in vibrating screen in the use of MCU. Zero-voltage switching inverter is used to reduce the loss of switching devices in the main circuit and MSP430 MCU is the core of the control circuit. A PI voltage regular with a filter and a feedback type, IGBT over-voltage protection circuit and PWM pulse generating and drive circuit are designed. Experimental results show that the inverter power has high precision, fast response, and anti-interference ability, and the system can obtain better steady state accuracy and dynamic characteristics and greatly improve the efficiency of shaker.
[Predicting the three-dimensional structure of alpha- and beta-interferons].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Secondary structures of leukocyte alpha 1- and alpha 2-interferons and of fibroblast beta-interferon are calculated using the molecular theory of protein secondary structures. The common secondary structure calculated for alpha- and beta-interferons is used to predict the three-dimensional structures of fragments 1-110 and 111-166 of the chains (which are supposed to be quasi-independent domains). The predicted structure of the active domain I (1-110) is an "up-and-down" tetrahelical complex (in which the second helix is shorter than the others and can be missed in alpha 1-interferon) similar to the mirror-image of myohaemoerythrin. The predicted structure of domain II (111-166) is either a three-stranded beta-sheet screened from one side by two alpha-helices or a three-helical complex (similar to that in the N-domain of papain), the first structure being better consistent with the circular dichroism data of alpha-interferon and its C-end fragment.
Innovative Healthcare Metaverse, Explainable AI, and Blockchain Paradigm Shift

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Automation and digitization have always had an immense impact on healthcare. The healthcare industry stands at the precipice of a paradigm shift. Three disruptive technologies – the metaverse, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), and blockchain – are poised to revolutionize how we deliver and experience medical care. Further, the incorporation of these technologies provides a plethora of health services seamlessly to doctors and patients with a fully immersive experience. This chapter explores the potential of the amalgamation of these approaches to enhance patient care, democratize access to healthcare by ensuring the safety, security, and privacy of data. In addition, foster a future built on transparency and trust.
R-evolving QCD matrix elements

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

MS, combined with dimensional regularization, is one of the most popular and practical renormalization scheme in quantum field theory.One of the drawbacks of this scheme is however that undesired infrared contributions hide in the short-distance calculations and manifest themselves as the so called renormalon ambiguities.We have found a simple way to remove these terms which retains the properties of calculation of MS.The subtraction requires the introduction of a new cutoff scale, R, that controls power divergences.The variation of the final result with R is solved with an appropriate differential equation, very similar to the usual Renormalization Group equations.The evolution so defined is called R-evolution.We illustrate the application to Ellis-Jaffe sum rule.
The effects of climate change on tourism in small states: evidence from the Barbados case

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose Since the decline of export agriculture and the loss of trade preferences, most Caribbean countries have shifted their economies towards the provision of tourism services. Barbados, for example, receives more than two‐thirds of its foreign exchange earnings from tourism. The sustainability of tourism in the Caribbean can potentially be affected by climate change. This paper aims to address this issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides an assessment of the likely effects of climate change in the small state of Barbados and suggests some recommended adaptations. Climate change is expected to impact on temperature, rainfall and severe weather, sea levels and sea surface temperatures, biodiversity loss, and lead to erosion and seasonal shifts on the island. Findings The paper finds that, in relation to tourism demand, as travellers from source markets become more conscious of their carbon footprint and the implementation of green taxes, there might be some alteration in demand for long‐haul destinations such as Barbados. On the supply‐side, increased operating costs, due to higher insurance premiums (particularly for beachfront properties) and greater cooling costs, to name a few could all impact on the profitability of hotels in the island. As climate change impacts on the water table, there is also likely to be some competition for water resources for residential and tourism purposes. Originality/value The paper supplies useful information on sustainability of tourism in the Caribbean and the effects of climate change.
Permaculture Restoration of the Aral Sea Watershed

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Permaculture, as a design science supporting “permanent culture,” has developed experience globally in ecologically regenerative design. The Aral Sea watershed provides a unique opportunity to apply a relevant design process aiming at restoration of ecological function. Permacultural practice follows a core of ethics and principles and a basic design process based on such factors as stakeholder analysis, water harvesting principles, and the scale of permanence. The focus of permacultural interventions is on water, forests, and perennial vegetation, balanced with human needs. This chapter highlights key elements of the design process and summarizes the process of permaculture rehabilitation. Given success in similar situations working at a smaller-scale suggests a potential approach for regeneration in the Aral Sea Basin.
Modification and testing of a one‐dimensional energy and mass balance model for supraglacial snowpacks

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A one‐dimensional energy and mass balance snow model (SNTHERM) has been modified for use with supraglacial snowpacks and applied to a point on Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland. It has been adapted to incorporate the underlying glacier ice and a site‐specific, empirically derived albedo routine. Model performance was tested against continuous measurements of snow depth and meltwater outflow from the base of the snowpack, and intermittent measurements of surface albedo and snowpack density profiles collected during the 1993 and 2000 melt seasons. Snow and ice ablation was simulated accurately. The timing of the daily pattern of meltwater outflow was well reproduced, although magnitudes were generally underestimated, possibly indicating preferential flow into the snowpack lysimeter. The model was used to assess the quantity of meltwater stored temporally within the unsaturated snowpack and meltwater percolation rates, which were found to be in agreement with dye tracer experiments undertaken on this glacier. As with other energy balance studies on alpine valley glaciers, the energy available for melt was dominated by net radiation (64%), with a sizable contribution from sensible heat flux (36%) and with a negligible latent heat flux overall, although there was more complex temporal variation on diurnal timescales. A basic sensitivity analysis indicated that melt rates were most sensitive to radiation, air temperature and snowpack density, indicating the need to accurately extrapolate/interpolate these variables when developing a spatially distributed framework for this model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of New Antimalarial Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SummaryStrains of Plasmodium falciparum that are resistant to chloroquine and to other widely-used synthetic antimalarial drugs have posed major difficulties in several parts of the world. Intensive efforts have been and are being made to develop new antimalarial agents that will be effective against such parasites. Several promising prospective new antimalarial agents have been identified and are now undergoing detailed clinical evaluation. The advent of one or two useful new agents should not serve as a source of renewed complacency. Parasites resistant to the latter agents may emerge and may limit their usefulness. Other new antimalarial drugs may be needed as backstops. There is and will be a continuing need to wage a strong investigative attack not only to develop new antimalarial drugs but also to develop other improved means with which to combat malaria.
Raising gestational choline intake alters gene expression in DMBA‐evoked mammary tumors and prolongs survival

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Choline is an essential nutrient that serves as a donor of metabolic methyl groups used during gestation to establish the epigenetic DNA methylation patterns that modulate tissue‐specific gene expression. Because the mammary gland begins its development prenatally, we hypothesized that choline availability in utero may affect the gland's susceptibility to cancer. During gestational days 11–17, pregnant rats were fed a control, choline‐supplemented, or choline‐deficient diet (8, 36, and 0 mmol/kg of choline, respectively). On postnatal day 65, the female offspring received 25 mg/kg of a carcinogen 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Approximately 70% of the rats developed mammary adenocarcinomas; prenatal diet did not affect tumor latency, incidence, size, and multiplicity. Tumor growth rate was inversely related to choline content in the prenatal diet, resulting in 50% longer survival until euthanasia, determined by tumor size, of the prenatally choline‐supplemented rats compared with the prenatally choline‐deficient rats. This was accompanied by distinct expression patterns of ~70 genes in tumors derived from the three dietary groups. Tumors from the prenatally choline‐supple‐mented rats overexpressed genes that confer favorable prognosis in human cancers ( Klf6, Kf9, Nid2, Ntn4, Perl , and Txnip ) and underexpressed those associated with aggressive disease ( Bcar3, Cldn12, Csfl, Jagl, Lgals3, Lypd3, Nmel, Ptges2, Ptgsl , and Smarcbl) . DNA methylation within the tumor suppressor gene, stratifin ( Sfn , 14‐3‐3σ), was proportional to the prenatal choline supply and correlated inversely with the expression of its mRNA and protein in tumors, suggesting that an epigenetic mechanism may underlie the altered molecular phenotype and tumor growth. Our results suggest a role for adequate maternal choline nutrition during pregnancy in prevention/alleviation of breast cancer in daughters.—Kovacheva, V. P., Davison, J. M., Mellott, T. J., Rogers, A. E., Yang, S., O'Brien, M. J., Blusztajn, J. K. Raising gestational choline intake alters gene expression in DMBA‐evoked mammary tumors and prolongs survival. FASEB J . 23, 1054–1063 (2009)
Food and Health Forum meeting – nutritional approaches to cardiovascular health: workshop report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This report summarises the proceedings of a meeting held by the Food and Health Forum at the Royal Society of Medicine, London, on 12 October 2011. The objective of the meeting was to highlight nutritional strategies targeted at cardiovascular health. This included a review of the effects of various foods, nutrients and ingredients on maintenance of healthy cholesterol levels, endothelial function and blood pressure
Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy to Treat Colorectal Liver Metastases: Ready for Prime-Time?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) is a non-invasive treatment option for patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases (CRLM) ineligible for resection or thermal ablation. The aim of our study was to evaluate local control, disease progression, toxicity, complications and survival after SABR of CRLM. We also discuss the place of SABR in the treatment algorithm of CRLM.
Methods: Patients with CRLM, ineligible for resection or thermal ablation and suitable for SABR, were included in our database and retrospectively analyzed. Patients with oligometastases <5 cm without the presence of other organs in the target area are eligible for SABR. Follow-up imaging was conducted at 3 and 6 months following SABR and 6-monthly thereafter. Total delivered dose per lesion was 54-60 Gy, divided over 3-12 fractions, depending on the dose constraints of normal tissues.
Results: Ten patients with 13 lesions were treated with SABR. Complete local control was achieved in eight patients with 11 lesions, with a median follow-up of 20.4 months (range 7-38). Two patients showed possible local progressive disease after 12 and 25 months. No toxicity > grade 2 as a result of treatment was reported. Eight patients had died at time of analysis; median survival was 26 months.
Conclusion: SABR of CRLM is safe, feasible and effective in achieving local control in patients ineligible for resection or thermal ablation. Although SABR is currently offered in a late and often palliative stage, it deserves a higher profile as a possible local treatment option and its place in the treatment algorithm should be re-evaluated.