jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of mortar reinforced with carbon fibers: a decoupled thermomechanical model to obtain the stress intensity factor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Background Mortar is a building material with low tensile strength e fracture resistance. One method for improving these characteristics is to include synthetic fibers, such as carbon fibers, into the matrix. Materials and methods A thermomechanical numerical model for mortar reinforced with carbon fibers was created based on an experiment in the literature, where it was calibrated and validated. From this, damage mechanics were analyzed using XFEM; the material's stress intensity factor at 20°C, 250°, and 350°C were analyzed using FEM. Results The results for the numerical model using XFEM agree with the experiment. Regarding the Stress intensity factor, the highest value found was for room temperature, and the lowest was for 250°C. Conclusion The numerical methods presented can be used in thermomechanical models in mortar reinforced with carbon fibers, and the intensity factor behaves non-linearly with temperature change.
Performa Random Forest dan XGBoost pada Deteksi Penipuan E-Commerce Menggunakan Augmentasi Data CGAN

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fraud detection in e-commerce faces great challenges due to data imbalance, where legitimate transactions far outnumber fraudulent transactions. This research explores the use of Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN) to generate synthetic fraudulent transaction data to address the imbalance problem. By increasing the amount of data in the minority class, this research aims to improve the performance of two widely used machine learning algorithms, namely Random Forest and XGBoost. The dataset used of 23,634 transactions with 22,412 non-fraud transactions and 1,222 fraudulent transactions. Accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics were conducted to assess the performance of the model in detecting fraud on the imbalanced and augmented datasets. The results show that augmentation of data with CGAN significantly improves the performance of both models, especially in improving recall for fraudulent transactions. On the original unbalanced dataset, Random Forest and XGBoost showed low recall (12.81% and 13.08%), with accuracy of 95.35% and 95.32% respectively. However, after augmentation, recall improved to 95.15% for Random Forest and 95.22% for XGBoost, with F1-score of 97.47% and 97.42% respectively, and accuracy of 97.50% for Random Forest and 97.42% for XGBoost. XGBoost showed a slight advantage in precision and recall over Random Forest, especially on the augmented dataset. These findings confirm the effectiveness of CGAN as a data augmentation method in improving fraud detection performance and offer a robust solution to address data imbalance in the financial sector.
Immunoglobulins on the surface of differently charged polymer nanoparticles

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The overall success of nanocarriers in biomedical applications depends on their interaction with different proteins in blood. Immunoglobulins as a major protein class of the blood proteome may considerably influence the identity of the nanocarriers in blood. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the specific details of the interaction mechanism between different immunoglobulins and nanocarriers. Therefore, the authors have investigated the interaction of different immunoglobulin classes—namely, immunoglobulin G, A, and M—with different polystyrene model nanoparticles. The authors report that immunoglobulin interaction with nanoparticles strongly depends on the immunoglobulin class and surface charge of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, upon adsorption on the nanoparticles’ surfaces, aggregation processes and denaturation of immunoglobulins were observed. This highlights the importance of nanocarriers’ design in order to prevent unfavorable denaturation and adsorption processes of immunoglobulins on nanoparticle surfaces.
A Tool for Rapid Assessment of Functional Outcomes in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Head and neck cancer (HNC) and its treatment can lead to various functional impairments. We developed and validated an instrument for rapid physician-rated assessment of basic functional outcomes in HNC patients. HNC-relevant functional domains were identified through a literature review and assigned to verbal ratings based on observable criteria. The instrument draft was subjected to systematic expert review to assess its face and content validity. Finally, the empirical validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the expert-adapted Functional Integrity in Head and Neck Cancer (HNC-FIT) scales were assessed in healthy controls and in HNC patients. A matrix of the 6 functional domains of oral food intake, respiration, speech, pain, mood, and neck and shoulder mobility was created, each with 5 verbal rating levels. Face and content validity levels of the HNC-FIT scales were judged to be adequate by 17 experts. In 37 control subjects, 24 patients with HNC before treatment, and in 60 HNC patients after treatment, the HNC-FIT ratings in the 3 groups behaved as expected and functional domains correlated closely with the outcome of corresponding scales of the EORTC-HN35-QoL questionnaire, indicating good construct and criterion validity. Interrater reliability (rICC) was ≥0.9 for all functional domains and retest reliability (rICC) was ≥0.93 for all domains except mood (rICC = 0.71). The treatment effect size (eta-square) as a measure of responsiveness was ≥0.15 (p < 0.01) for fall domains except for breathing and neck and shoulder mobility. The median HNC-FIT scale completion time was 1 min 17 s. The HNC-FIT scale is a rapid tool for physician-rated assessment of functional outcomes in HNC patients with good validity, reliability, and responsiveness.
Engagement with healthcare providers and healthcare system navigation among Australians with chronic conditions: a descriptive survey study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives With the rate of chronic conditions increasing globally, it is important to understand whether people with chronic conditions have the capacity to find the right care and to effectively engage with healthcare providers to optimise health outcomes. We aimed to examine associations between care navigation, engagement with health providers and having a chronic health condition among Australian adults. Design and Setting This is a cross-sectional, 39-item online survey including the navigation and engagement subscales of the Health Literacy Questionnaire, completed in December 2018, in Australia. Binary variables (low/high health literacy) were created for each item and navigation and engagement subscale scores. Logistic regression analyses (estimating ORs) determined the associations between having a chronic condition and the navigation and engagement scores, while controlling for age, gender, level of education and income. Participants 1024 Australians aged 18–88 years (mean=46.6 years; 51% female) recruited from the general population. Results Over half (n=605, 59.0%) of the respondents had a chronic condition, mostly back pain, mental disorders, arthritis and asthma. A greater proportion of respondents with chronic conditions had difficulty ensuring that healthcare providers understood their problems (32.2% vs 23.8%, p=0.003), having good discussions with their doctors (29.1% vs 23.5%, p=0.05), discussing things with healthcare providers until they understand all they needed (30.5% vs 24.5%, p=0.04), accessing needed healthcare providers (35.7% vs 29.7%, p=0.05), finding the right place to get healthcare services (36.3% vs 29.2%, p=0.02) and services they were entitled to (48.3% vs 40.6%, p=0.02), and working out what is the best healthcare for themselves (34.2% vs 27.7%, p=0.03). Participants with chronic conditions were 1.5 times more likely to have low scores on the engagement (adjusted OR=1.48, p=0.03, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.08) and navigation (adjusted OR=1.43, p=0.026, 95% CI 1.043 to 1.970) subscales after adjusting for age, gender, income and education. Conclusion Upskilling in engagement and communication for healthcare providers and people with chronic conditions is needed. Codesigned, clearly articulated and accessible information about service entitlements and pathways through care should be made available to people with chronic conditions. Greater integration across health services, accessible shared health records and access to care coordinators may improve navigation and engagement.
Effects of Topflor on Growth and Blossoming of Potted Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The bulbs of potted Chongming narcissus( Narcissus tazetta L. var. chinensis Roem.) were soaked with different concentrations of Topflor water solution for various time,and the effects of different treatments on the growth,blossoming and physiological indexes of Chongming narcissus were studied. The results showed that Topflor treatment had obvious inhibitory effects on the plant height and scape height of this plant,could markedly enhance the number of leaf,and the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein in leaf,and improve the quantity and quality of bulblets,but Topflor treatment had no significant influences on the blossoming duration,the number of flowers,and the width of leaf. Among various treatments,the treatment of soaking the bulbs with 10 m L / L Topflor for 10 min acquired the best comprehensive effects on the growth and blossoming of potted Chongming narcissus.
Atlas Morfologi Anatomi Beluntas (Pluchea Indica)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Atlas ini merupakan luaran dan produk hasil penelitian, terimakasih yang \nsebesar-besarnya penulis ucapkan untuk pemberi dana penelitian dari Kementrian \nRiset Dan Tekonologi Pendidikan Tinggi (KEMENRISTEK DIKTI) dengan skim \npenelitian Penelitian Unggulan Dasar Perguruan Tinggi (PUDPT), terimakasih juga \npenulis ucapkan untuk Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, direktur DPPM \nUMM, Dekan FKIP UMM dan rekan-rekan dosen Pendidikan Biologi, serta pihak yang \ntelah banyak membantu dalam proses penyusunan Atlas
Social Capital, Intellectual Capital On Performance And Competitiveness Of Indonesian Msmes Mediated By Technological Capability And Financial Capability

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia are significant because of their technological prowess, financial know-how, and social and intellectual capital, all of which impact their competitiveness and overall performance. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used in a quantitative survey with 236 MSMEs using a Likert scale to investigate these relationships. Social capital and technological capability, intellectual capital and technological competence, social capital and financial capability, and intellectual capital and financial capability were found to have positive and significant direct correlations. Additionally, the performance and competitiveness of MSMEs were positively impacted by financial and technological skills. The study validated the functions of financial and technological capacities as mediators in the associations between MSME competitiveness and social and intellectual capital. The suggested conceptual framework was supported by the structural model's satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices, which also offered detailed insights into the dynamics of Indonesian MSMEs. The results highlight how important intangible assets and competencies are in determining competitiveness and performance
Chemical composition and biological evaluation of propolis from north Aegean Greek islands

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Propolis is a resinous material that bees collect from plants and it is characterized by a wide range of biological activities, depending on its chemical composition, which in turn depends on geographical diversity [1]. Greek propolis shares different characteristics than the typical European one [1] and in this study, thirteen samples from the NE Aegean islands: Lemnos, Lesvos, Chios, Psara, Oinousses, Samos, Ikaria and Fourni, were phytochemically analyzed for the first time. N Aegean islands characterized by a unique ecosystem with high plant diversification responses and endemism, as this area is standing as a bridge of Europe, Asia and Africa. All samples were analyzed (GC-MS, NMR) revealing a significant percentage of diterpenes (dehydroabietic acid, pimaric acid, abietic acid, totarol, sempervirol) in all samples, while flavonoids and chalcones were detected in low% in samples from Lesvos and Lemnos. The chemical analysis showed that N Aegean Islands’ propolis belongs to the Mediterranean type, highly influenced by Conifer trees resin, due to the local flora.
Development, evaluation and optimization of extended release buccal tablets prepared using progressive hydration technology.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Extended release Buccoadhesive buccal tablet for delivery of Nisoldipine were developed using Progressive hydration technology. Technology involves Carbopol 972P (CP), Hypromellose K15M (HPMC) and Polycarbophil (PC) in different amounts. Experiments were designed based on 32 full factorial design to explore effects of CP and HPMC on buccoadhesive strength (BAS) and drug release. Both polymers were found to have effect on swelling index, BAS and drug release which was confirmed by level of significance (p < 0.05). Using quadratic terms a linear second order model that describes a twisted plane of responses were also drawn for elucidation of effect of polymers. Three check points were also taken into account to validate the polynomial equation. Results show that polymers drastically change the drug release mechanism which was confirmed by model fitting into dissolution profile. By customizing the formulation by optimizing the ratio of polymers, desired release (90%) was obtained in the sixth hour and good BAS were obtained for batch F10. Keywords: Buccoadhesive; Nisoldipine; Factorial design; Polynomial equation
Elderly people at home: technological help in everyday activities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to understand to what extent elderly people are likely to accept a technological aid in performing everyday activities. In this perspective, the present research focused on elderly people's strategies in performing everyday activities at home, in order to understand in what domestic domains technology can be considered an acceptable help. We administered a questionnaire focusing on preferred strategies in carrying out common domestic tasks, and on attitudes towards new technologies and home modification to a sample of 123 elderly people living in Rome. Results show that the adoption of a strategy, including the introduction of technological devices, is highly problem-specific, while personal factors are relevant only in particular situations. With increasing age, people are more inclined to give up, and higher educational levels correspond to more frequent technological solutions.
[A conjugate of ristomycin A ristosaminylaglycon-polymyxin B: the spectrum of its antimicrobial action and its membranolytic activity].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Antimicrobial activity of a conjugate based on two antibiotics, i.e. ristomycin A and polymyxin B was studied. The conjugate was shown to have a broad antimicrobial spectrum. In concentrations of 5 to 30 micrograms/ml it inhibited the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and in concentrations of 5 to 40 micrograms/ml it inhibited the growth of the pathogenic clinical strains. An insignificant membranolytic action of the conjugate with respect to membranes of the susceptible bacteria and no hemolytic action on human red blood cells were detected.
Polarographic Study on the Transportation of Oxygen by Perfluorocarbon Emulsion as Artificial Blood

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Restrictive factors of oxygen release from dispersed particles of perfluorocarbon (PFC) in a form of emulsion have been studied by polarographic reduction currents of oxygen in the emulsion. The oxygen reduction currents in PFC emulsion in open system increased linearly with the volume fraction of PFC component, and were diffusion-controlled. The increase of current was ascribed to the increase of oxygen supply to the electrode from PFC particles in the emulsion. Analyzing the oxygen reduction current due to PFC particles, the ratio of diffusion coefficients of oxygen inside and outside PFC particle (D1⁄D0) and the oxygen partition coefficient between the both sides (C1⁄C0) were obtained. The release of oxygen from PFC particle was rate-determined by oxygen diffusion in the particle and the diffusion itself was determined by inner viscosity of PFC particle. The surfactant layer of PFC particle did not play any appreciable role such as permeability barrier for oxygen transportation.
Annulation of the Cyclohexane Ring by Tandem Free Radical Alkylation of a Nonactivated δ-Carbon Atom−Intramolecular Carbanion Cycloalkylation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Annulation of the cyclohexane ring by a combination of free radical and ionic reactions sequences was achieved. Free radical alkylation of the remote nonactivated delta-carbon atom involves addition of delta-carbon radicals, generated by 1,5-hydrogen transfer in alkoxy radical intermediates, to radicophilic olefins, while the polar sequence involves enolate anions as intermediates which undergo a cycloalkylation reaction. Thus, the cyclohexane ring was constructed using diverse acyclic and cyclic structures as precursors of alkoxy radicals.
The effect of comprehensive specialized case management and intravenous therapy on negative emotions in patients with postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the impact of comprehensive professional case management on the negative emotions of breast cancer patients undergoing postoperative radiotherapy. Methods A total of 102 breast cancer patients who underwent their first radiation treatment between July 2021 and June 2022 at a hospital in Guangzhou, China, were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group of 51 patients who received routine nursing care, and an intervention group of 51 patients who received comprehensive professional case management in addition to routine nursing care, including personalized interventions such as extended care for breast cancer patients with indwelling infusion ports. The effects of the intervention were evaluated using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Self-Efficacy Scale (positive attitude, self-relaxation, and self-decision making) before and after the intervention. Results There were no significant differences in anxiety, depression, or self-efficacy scores between the two groups before radiation therapy ( P > .05). However, the SAS and SDS scores of the intervention group after radiation therapy (43.32 ± 3.87 and 40.7 ± 2.89, respectively) were significantly lower than those of the control group (49.66 ± 3.49 and 49.2 ± 3.19, respectively; t = 8.672 and 14.130, P < .01). The self-efficacy scores of the intervention group after radiation therapy (positive attitude: 49.3 ± 1.31, self-relaxation: 9.04 ± .68, and self-decision making: 37.03 ± .98) were also significantly higher than those of the control group (positive attitude: 44.6 ± .95, self-relaxation: 7.32 ± .53, and self-decision making: 31.42 ± .89; t = 20.48, 17.15, and 30.330, respectively; P < .01). Conclusion Comprehensive professional case management, in conjunction with specialized intravenous therapy, compared to usual standard care, significantly improved negative emotions and self-efficacy in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.
Simple Enzymatic Means to Neutralize DNA Contamination in Nucleic Acid Amplification

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) is prone to false positives when contaminating DNA molecules are present at the start of a reaction. Contaminants that derive from earlier work using a given primer pair (carryover PCR products) are of particular concern when those primers are used routinely, as in clinical diagnostics or environmental monitoring. In addition, contamination by genomic DNA can significantly interfere with quantitative and qualitative analysis of RNAs by RT-PCR. Here we describe contaminant restriction (ConR), a method that can be used to neutralize carryover and genomic DNA contamination in RT-PCR studies. Restriction enzymes (REs) added to the amplification cocktail cleave contaminant DNA molecules while sparing the intended target nucleic acid. Restriction, reverse transcription, and amplification steps all take place in the same sealed vessel, thus avoiding any danger of recontamination. ConR eliminates carryover contamination in PCR without compromising target sequence amplification. Because the method is effective against both genomic and carryover contamination, it can be employed routinely in one-step RT-PCR, whatever the RNA target or the nature of the potential DNA contaminant. A variation of this decontamination method, amplicon primer site restriction (APSR), is effective specifically against carryover contamination. APSR, unlike ConR, can be applied during PCR-based amplification of DNA target molecules.
Psychopharmacologic Treatment of Acute Agitation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dr. Gould is Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, 2150 W. Harrison, Chicago, IL 60612; E-mail: [email protected]. All faculty and staff in a position to control the content of this CME activity, and their spouses/life partners (if any) have disclosed that they have no financial relationships with, or financial interests in, any commercial organizations related to this CME activity. Dr. Gould has disclosed that use of lorazepam, loxapine, asenapine, iloperidone, paliperidone, and lurasidone for the treatment of acute agitation as discussed in this article has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc. is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article(s) and complete the quiz and evaluation assessment survey on the enclosed form, answering at least 80% of the quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on August 31, 2013.