jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial adjustment and peer competence of siblings of children with Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Preliminary data examined the relationships between mothers, their sons with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and younger siblings. We hypothesized that the conflict between the mother and the son with ADHD would also occur in the relationship between the child with ADHD and the younger sibling. Significant associations were found among ADHD behaviors, family conflict variables, conflict in the relationship between mother and child with ADHD, conflict in the relationship between mother and younger sibling, and conflict in the relationship between the child with ADHD and the younger sibling. Further, significant associations were found between behavior symptoms associated with ADHD and more problematic family relationships. Of particular interest was the finding of an unexpected inverse association between siblings' peer competence and mother-ADHD conflict; specifically, that conflict occurring at home from ADHD accounted for a greater percentage of the variance in peer competence as rated by teachers. Recommendations are made for future research with larger samples, alternative designs, older siblings, and fathers.
Representing layout: What is the time course of boundary extension?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Remembering unseen layout beyond the edges of a photograph (boundary extension; BE) is thought to facilitate integration of successive views. In prior research, however, the briefest retention interval tested was 1 second (Intraub et al., 1996). Might a veridical representation be retained for a few hundred ms following offset? On each trial, 3 photographs of unrelated scenes were presented for 325 ms each in rapid succession at center screen. They were followed by a masked retention interval and repetition of one picture (the first, second, or third). The repeated picture remained on the screen while the observer rated it on a 5-point scale (“same [0]”, “a little closer [1]”, “a lot closer [2]”, “a little wider-angle [−1]”,or “a lot wider-angle [−2]”). The retention interval was either 1000, 625, 250, or 100 ms (between-subjects variable: total N=144). On 1/3 of the trials the test picture appeared in the same spatial location as the stimulus. Anticipating that an early visual buffer might maintain a veridical representation, on the other trials, the test item was shifted to the left or right, requiring an eye movement - a situation more comparable to visual scanning. Surprisingly, results showed significant BE at all retention intervals, irrespective of serial position or spatial position at test. Beginning with the briefest interval, mean scores were .56, .44, .41, and .41. Spatial extrapolation occurred extremely rapidly for briefly glimpsed pictures, rapidly enough to facilitate integration of successive views.
Klasterisasi Jenis Tanah pada Tanaman Cabai Menggunakan Algoritma K-Means

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Chili is one of the ingredients of spices that are widely used in Indonesia. Sales opportunities in the market are also very wide so that many are competing to grow chili with the best quality. There are several parameters that can improve the quality of chili, one of which is soil. Where if seen by the eye, soil that is suitable or unsuitable can be distinguished from color and texture, but not many people know the difference. Therefore, in this study, research will be conducted on the clustering of soil images based on color features and texture features using the K-Means algorithm which previously selected features using information gain feature selection. The first stage in this research is image acquisition and then the results will be processed first. From the results of pre-processing, RGB color feature extraction and first-order texture feature extraction will be carried out which is then followed by feature selection using information gain which is expected to produce the best features which will then proceed to clustering using the K-Meaning algorithm. The final step is to conduct an analysis to obtain the results of this study. The results obtained from the clustering that have been carried out can be obtained that the K-Means algorithm can cluster suitable and unsuitable soil images with information gain, resulting in 63 suitable soil images and 37 unsuitable soil images from 100
Combined DTP-HBV vaccine versus separately administered DTP and HBV vaccines for primary prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and hepatitis B

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the efficacy, safety and vaccination coverage of combined DPT‐HBV vaccine in comparison to separate DPT and HBV vaccines administered to children up to two years of age. To summarise current evidence on the (incremental) resource use, costs and cost‐effectiveness associated with combined DPT‐HBV vaccine in comparison to separate DPT and HBV vaccines administered to children up to two years of age.
Endogenous hydrogen sulfide regulates oxidant/antioxidant balance in rat with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM:To investigate the role of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) in the protection against oxidative stress in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).METHODS: The rat model of COPD was established by cigarette smoking(CS) combined with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) instillation.Thirty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group,CS+LPS group,CS+LPS+NaHS(H2S donor) group and CS+LPS+PPG(DL-propargylglycine,an inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase) group.After 30 days,the lung functions of the rats were measured,the histological changes of lungs were observed under light microscope and the pathological scores were calculated.The H2S level in plasma and the protein expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase(CSE) in the lung tissues were measured.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA),the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were detected to reflect oxidative stress.RESULTS: Compared with control group,the peak expiratory flow(PEF) decreased by 24% and intra-pressure(IP) increased by 66% in CS+LPS group.The pathological scores of the lung tissues also increased.Compared with CS+LPS group,no change in the lung function was observed after given NaHS or PPG,but the pathological scores decreased in CS+ LPS+ NaHS group.Compared with control group,the content of H2S in plasma was increased by 26% on day 16.Compared with CS+LPS group,the content of H2S in plasma of CS+LPS+PPG group was decreased by 22% after 30 days.Compared with control group,the protein expression of CSE increased,and no statistical difference among CS+LPS group,CS+ LPS+ NaHS group and CS+LPS+PPG group was observed.Compared with control group, MDA content in the lung tissues was increased by 24% in CS+LPS group,the activity of SOD was increased by 47% and the activity of CAT was increased by 52%.Compared with CS+LPS group,the MDA content in CS+LPS+NaHS group was decreased by 21%,and no statistical difference in the activity of SOD and CAT was observed.The activity of SOD decreased by 33% after given PPG.CONCLUSION: H2S plays a role as anti-oxidant in the rats with COPD.The CSE/ H2S pathway may be involved in the development of COPD.
PMP-Net: Point Cloud Completion by Learning Multi-step Point Moving Paths

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The task of point cloud completion aims to predict the missing part for an incomplete 3D shape. A widely used strategy is to generate a complete point cloud from the incomplete one. However, the unordered nature of point clouds will degrade the generation of high-quality 3D shapes, as the detailed topology and structure of discrete points are hard to be captured by the generative process only using a latent code. In this paper, we address the above problem by reconsidering the completion task from a new perspective, where we formulate the prediction as a point cloud deformation process. Specifically, we design a novel neural network, named PMP-Net, to mimic the behavior of an earth mover. It moves move each point of the incomplete input to complete the point cloud, where the total distance of point moving paths (PMP) should be shortest. Therefore, PMP-Net predicts a unique point moving path for each point according to the constraint of total point moving distances. As a result, the network learns a strict and unique correspondence on point-level, and thus improves the quality of the predicted complete shape. We conduct comprehensive experiments on Completion3D and PCN datasets, which demonstrate our advantages over the state-of-the-art point cloud completion methods. Code will be available at https://github.com/diviswen/PMP-Net.
Syntactical characterization of a subset of domain-independent formulas

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A domain-independent formula of first-order predicate calculus is a formula whose evaluation in a given interpretation does not change when we add a new constant to the interpretation domain. The formulas used to express queries, integrity constraints or deductive rules in the database field that have an intuitive meaning are domain independent. That is the reason why this class is of great interest in practice. Unfortunately, this class is not decidable, and the problem is to characterize new subclasses, as large as possible, which are decidable. A syntactic characterization of a class of formulas, the Evaluable formulas, which are proved to be domain independent are provided. This class is defined only for function-free formulas. It is also proved that the class of evaluable formulas contains the other classes of syntactically characterized domain-independent formulas usually found in the literature, namely, range-separable formulas and range-restricted formulas. Finally, it is shown that the expressive power of evaluable formulas is the same as that of domain-independent formulas. That is, each domain-independent formula admits an equivalent evaluable one. An important advantage of this characterization is that, to check if a formula is evaluable, it is not necessary to transform it to a normal form, as is the case for range-restricted formulas.
[Current emergency medicine for neurological disorders in children].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 2006, the number of pediatric outpatients consulting our hospital during non-practice hours increased by 218.1% of that in 1996. The number of pediatric inpatients during non-practice hours in 2006 increased by 71.3% of that in 1996. In 2006, the number of patients who were admitted with neurological disorders in children during non-practice hours increased to 213.3% of that in 1996. The proportion of these pediatric patients among those who were admitted during non-practice hours was 16.6% in our hospital, suggesting the importance of neurological disorders in pediatric emergency medicine. More than 60% of inpatients with neurological disorders in children were 3 years old or younger. The most common neurological symptoms observed at admission included convulsion (81.6%) and disturbance of consciousness (8.5%). The disorders were mainly febrile seizure (41.4%) and epilepsy (29.0%). Most patients with severe disorders requiring emergency medicine, such as head bruise, acute encephalitis/encephalopathy, purulent meningitis, and head trauma, were admitted during non-practice hours. The prognoses of most neurological disorders in children were favorable. However, patients with sequelae (especially, hypoxic encephalopathy, acute encephalitis/encephalopathy) showed an unfavorable neurological prognosis. Early rehabilitation during admission was useful as a support method for their families. In the future, a comprehensive rehabilitation program for children with acquired brain injury should be established and laws to promote home care must be passed.
Factors influencing tender pricing strategies of construction SMEs in Ghana

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Pricing strategy is a critical aspect of how a firm generates its revenue or profit and as such, it remains an issue of prime importance to the construction industry. This article examines the relationship between factors that influence tender pricing and pricing strategies of SMEs construction firms in relation to competition-based, value-based and cost based pricing. In this article, Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) is used to establish the relationship between factors that influence tender pricing and pricing strategies (constructs) derived from an analytical review of literature, coupled with a pilot study. The view of pricing experts working with SMEs construction firms was solicited using a structured questionnaire. Results showed that all nine constructs that were considered and that influence tender pricing had a high influence on the three pricing strategies identified (Cost – Based, Value – Based and Competition – Based). The findings of this study may be useful to SMEs construction firms in pricing as it will serve as a measure for achieving maximum profit. The study demonstrates how tender pricing factors can influence the choice of pricing strategies using PLS-SEM analysis based on the perspective of the SMEs.
Finite Element Methods for Modeling the Pressure Distribution in Human Body–Seat Interactions: A Systematic Review

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this systematic review is to investigate the various approaches that have been undertaken in finite element analysis (FEA) of human–seat interactions and synthesize the existing knowledge. With advances in numerical simulation and digital human modeling, FEA has emerged as a powerful tool to study seating comfort and discomfort. FEA employs various biomechanical factors to predict the contact stress and pressure distribution in a particular seat design. Given the complexity of human–seat interaction, several modeling and processing steps are required to conduct realistic FEA. The steps of how to perform an FEA simulation on human–seat interactions, the different models used, the model mesh compositions, and the material properties are discussed and reviewed in this paper. This can be used as a guideline for future studies in the context of FEA of human–seat interactions.
Activation of DC-SIGN Promoter and Common Signaling Pathways Between HIV-1 5′LTR and DC-SIGN

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To explore whether expression of dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and reactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) provirus in dendritic cells (DCs) occur through similar or common signaling pathways. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)–differentiated THP-1 cells were used as the in vitro model of DCs. The activation of the DC-SIGN promoter and HIV-1 5′long-term repeat (LTR) sequence induced by interleukin 4 (IL-4 ) in differentiated THP-1 cells was studied using luciferase reporter plasmids. The regulatory signaling pathways were identified using specific inhibitors, and the activity of the DC-SIGN promoter and HIV-1 5′LTR was detected. HIV-1 5′LTR was activated by IL-4–induced signaling pathways but much weaker than DC-SIGN promoter. IL-4 –induced activation of HIV-1 5′LTR was mainly through the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ( NF-κB) pathway, which was also involved in activation of the DC-SIGN promoter. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, which was the main pathway for DC-SIGN promoter activation, also played an important role in HIV-1 5′LTR activation. Our study suggests that the activation of the DC-SIGN promoter and HIV-1 5′LTR may share NF-κB and ERK-signaling pathways.
Distribution and Genetic Characterization of Border Disease Virus Circulating in Sardinian Ovine Flocks

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Border Disease (BD) is a worldwide distributed pathology accountable for significant losses in the sheep and goat farming industry. The etiological agent is a Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae called border disease virus (BDV). Despite the Sardinian ovine population being by far larger than any other Italian region, the prevalence and distribution of BD on the island are unknown. Here, we aim to determine the distribution of BDV in sheep flocks and to genetically characterize the circulating strains in Sardinia. The geographical distribution, antibody positivity, and viral genome presence have been analysed for 1286 sheep flocks distributed all over the island from bulk tank milk sampled between May 2014 and 2015. Of the flocks tested, 11.28% (95% CI 9.66–13.12) resulted positive for the presence of anti-pestivirus antibodies with an uneven distribution between Sardinian provinces. In addition, using RT-PCR, nine BDV genomes were amplified from milk pellets of the seropositive samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the viruses amplified clustered in the same group classified as BDV-7. This represents the first study on the distribution of pestivirus infection and genetic characterization of BDV strains circulating in the Sardinian sheep population. Future studies are needed to clarify the origin, the evolution, and the epidemiology of BDV-7 in Sardinia.
Fear and Transgression in the Imaginary of Hieronymus Bosch and Francisco Goya

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research prospects the fantastic imaginary of Hieronymus Bosch and Francisco Goya from the perspective of two fundamental characteristics common to the two artists: fear, with its influence on the production of phantasms, beyond historical and iconographic frameworks specific to their times, and transgression, which determines psychologically the typology of the artistic approach, the special phenomenology of the creative labor from the “forbidden imaginary” (Freud) and the “creative surprise” (Anzieu) to the aesthetic sublimation of various “clandestine delights” (Huyghe). In the case of Hieronymus Bosch, the fantastic imaginary is provoked by the fear of damnation, from the visionary interstices of which the clandestine delights of a guilty duality erupt to the surface of the image. In the case of Francisco Goya, the fantastic imaginary is determined almost obsessively by the fear of human bestiality, whose best avatar is Saturn devouring his sons, the sinister keystone of the famous Casa del Sordo. The research connects several theoretical, historical and psychoanalytic perspectives, based on notable studies on the artistic particularities of the two visionaries, following, especially, the impact over time on romanticism, expressionism or surrealism.
Optimization of nutraceutical coenzyme Q10 nanoemulsion with improved skin permeability and anti-wrinkle efficiency

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an insoluble, poorly permeable antioxidant with great biological value which acts as anti-aging and anti-wrinkle agent. To improve its permeability through topical application, the current study aimed at formulating oil/water (o/w) nanoemulsion (NE) as an efficient vehicle for delivering (CoQ10) through the skin barriers. The solubility of (CoQ10) was tested for various oils, surfactants (S), and co-surfactants (CoS). The NE region was determined by constructing pseudoternary phase diagrams. NE formulae containing 1, 2, and 3% w/w drug have been subjected to thermodynamic stability test. The formulae that passed thermodynamic stability tests were characterized by physical properties as pH, viscosity, refractive index, droplet size, zeta-potential, TEM, electroconductivity, in vitro release, and ex vivo permeation. The formula 'F2' containing 10% w/w isopropyl myristate (oil phase), 60% w/w of Tween 80: Transcutol HP mixture (S/CoSmix) at ratio 2:1, 30% w/w water and 2% w/w drug was evaluated for its anti-wrinkle efficiency using an animal model. The 'F2' formula showed 11.76 ± 1.1 nm droplet size, 1.4260 ± 0.0016 refractive index, 0.228 PDI, -14.7 ± 1.23 mv zeta potential, 7.06 ± 0.051 pH, 199.05 ± 0.35 cp viscosity, and the highest percentage of drug release in the selected dissolution media. About 47.21% of the drug was released in phosphate buffer 7.4 containing 5% w/v Labrasol and 5% w/v isopropyl alcohol through 24 h. It also showed the highest drug flux (Jss = 3.164 µg/cm2/h), enhancement ratio (Er = 8.32), and permeability coefficient (Kp = 22.14 × 10-4 cm2/h). CoQ10 NE reduced the skin wrinkles and gave the skin smooth appearance. Our investigation suggests the potential use of NE as a vehicle for enhancing solubility and permeability of CoQ10 and thus improving its anti-wrinkle efficiency.
Inherent β-Cell Dysfunction Induced by Transgenic Expression of Allogeneic Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Antigen in Islet Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is generally believed to be an autoimmune disease resulting from T-cell dysfunction that produces beta-cell damage, but it is conceivable that some forms of IDDM are not immunologically mediated. The effect of the expression of a foreign transgenic MHC class I antigen (H-2Kb), restricted to pancreatic islet beta-cells, was tested in vitro and in nude (athymic) mice to determine whether beta-cell dysfunction was due to non-immune mechanisms. The models used clearly excluded immune involvement in beta-cell damage. Fetal pancreas from transgenic and littermate control mice was maintained in organ culture for up to 18 days and insulin secretion into the medium assessed. For the initial 3-4 days in vitro, fetal control and transgenic pancreas secreted similar amounts of insulin, but thereafter insulin secretion by the transgenic tissue decreased in comparison with the controls. When the cultured pancreas was transplanted into nude mice, the transgenic issue produced smaller grafts than the control pancreas, but there was wide variation in graft size. Expression of H-2Kb antigens in beta-cells of nude transgenic mice also resulted in early-onset diabetes. The insulin content in the pancreas of young H-2Kb transgenic euthymic mice, (previously shown not to have insulitis), was reduced but glucagon content was normal. The reduction in in vivo insulin production was similar chronologically to the reduced insulin production by transgenic islets in vitro. These data confirm the non-immune loss of beta-cell function in MHC-transgenic mice and they may be a model for atypical Type I diabetes.
Elevated Adenylyl Cyclase 9 Expression Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Patients with Colon Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Adenylyl cyclase 9 (ADCY9) is an enzyme that modulates signal transduction by producing the second messenger, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of ADCY9 expression with clinicopathological features and disease-free survival of colon cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry staining with ADCY9 antibody was performed on a tissue microarray. Immunoreactivity scores (IRS) were recorded and applied for association analysis. ADCY9 mRNA expression and clinicopathogical information were also extracted from TCGA colon cancer dataset and analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS ADCY9 IRS was significantly higher (P=0.002) in tumor tissues (6.40±1.26, n=200) than in adjacent normal samples (4.13±0.83, n=8). The IRS and mRNA expression of ADCY9 were correlated to colon cancer TNM staging. Longer disease-free survival was observed in patients with lower ADCY9 expression (P=0.001). In the multivariate models, ADCY9 expression level (hazard ratio [HR] 5.495, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.753-17.227, P=0.003), and distant metastasis (HR 4.329, 95% CI 1.374-13.636, P=0.012) were still associated with disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS High ADCY9 expression is a poor prognostic factor for disease-free survival in colon cancer.