jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Topical Corticosteroids a Viable Solution for Oral Graft versus Host Disease? A Systematic Insight on Randomized Clinical Trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives: This research attempts to provide a clear view of the literature on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) concerning the efficacy of topical dexamethasone, clobetasol and budesonide in oral graft versus host disease (GVHD). Materials and Methods: An electronic search of the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases was carried out for eligible RCTs. Studies were included if they had adult patients with oral GVHD treatment with topical corticosteroids, and if the RCT study was published in English. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the quality of these studies. Overall, three RCTs were included (an Open, Randomized, Multicenter Trial; a Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial; and an Open-Label Phase II Randomized Trial). Results: The trials involved 76 patients, of which 44 patients received topical dexamethasone, 14 patients received topical clobetasol and 18 patients received topical budesonide. Topical agents were most frequently used when oral tissues were the sole site of involvement. It appears that the best overall response is present for budesonide with no difference between the four arms, followed by clobetasol, and then by dexamethasone. The limitation of the current study is mainly represented by the fact that overall response was derived in two of the studies from other parameters. Moreover, both budesonide and clobetasol were used in only one study each, while two assessed dexamethasone. Conclusions: Based on the clinical trials, all three agents seem to be effective in treating oral GVHD and had a satisfactory safety profile. There is still a need for assessing high quality RCTs to assess the efficacy of these therapies on a larger cohort.
Bacteriological profile and antibiogram of neonatal septicemia in a tertiary care hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome which is characterised by signs and symptoms of infection which may or may not be accompanied by bacteraemia within the first month of life. The bacteriological profile of neonatal sepsis is under constant change with the advances in the diagnosis and treatment. Blood culture is still the mainstay of investigation of potential sepsis in spite of the recent advances in molecular diagnosis of fungal and bacterial sepsis. Most common bacterial organisms responsible for neonatal septicaemia in developing countries like Bangladesh, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, are Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter etc. The present study was undertaken to describe the spectrum of the isolates in cases of neonatal septicaemia, and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. The study was carried out over a one year period.
Method: A total of 357 suspected patients of neonatal septicaemia were included in the study. Blood samples were collected with aseptic precautions preferably prior to the initiation of empiric antibiotic therapy. The bottles were incubated aerobically at 370 C for 7 days and subcultured on blood agar and Mac Conkey agar. If growth appeared the isolates were processed as per standard microbiological techniques and the isolates were identified. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed on Mueller?Hinton agar plates by modified Kirby?Bauer disk diffusion method as per Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines.
Results: Of the 357 samples studied, growth was observed in 154 samples. Gram positive organisms constituted 37.66% and gram negative bacilli constituted 62.34% of the isolates. The predominant pathogens isolated were Klebsiella species, Coagulase Negative Staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus followed by Non fermenting gram negative bacilli. 71.43% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were found to be methicillin resistant.96.05% of the Enterobacteriaceae were found to be Extended Spectrum Beta Lact
The effect of sage, sodium erythorbate and a mixture of sage and sodium erythorbate on the quality of turkey meatballs stored under vacuum and modified atmosphere conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract\n 1. The combined effect of sage (S), sodium erythorbate (SE), a mixture of sage and sodium erythorbate (MIX) and packaging method (vacuum packaging -VP and modified atmosphere packaging - MAP) on the quality of cooked turkey meatballs stored at 4?C was investigated. The physicochemical properties (colour, MDA, AV, pH, water activity), microbiological quality characteristics (counts of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, fungi, coliforms and Clostridium sp.) and flavour attributes of meatballs were determined. \n2. The values of the colour parameters L*, a* and b* were affected by the additives and packaging method. The colour of meatballs was better protected by sodium erythorbate than by sage or a mixture of sage and sodium erythorbate. The additives effectively stabilised lipids against oxidation and slowed down hydrolytic changes in turkey meatballs. Sage and a mixture of sage and sodium erythorbate showed stronger antioxidant properties than sodium erythorbate added alone. Products with additives were characterized by better sensory quality than control samples. Sage and a mixture (MIX) of sage and sodium erythorbate prevented the growth of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria. All additives inhibited the growth of coliforms. \n3. MAP was more effective than vacuum packaging in maintaining the microbial and sensory quality stability of cooked turkey meatballs. However, vacuum packaging appears to be a better method as regards the maintaining of lipid stability in turkey meatballs.
Is Rating of Perceived Exertion a Valuable Tool for Monitoring Exercise Intensity During Steady-State Conditions in Elite Endurance Athletes?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose : Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a widely used tool to assess subjective perception of effort during exercise. The authors investigated between-subject variation and effect of exercise mode and sex on Borg RPE (6–20) in relation to heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO 2 ), and capillary blood lactate concentrations. Methods : A total of 160 elite endurance athletes performed a submaximal and maximal test protocol either during cycling (n = 84, 37 women) or running (n = 76, 32 women). The submaximal test consisted of 4 to 7 progressive 5-minute steps within ∼50% to 85% of maximal VO 2 . For each step, steady-state HR, VO 2 , and capillary blood lactate concentrations were assessed and RPE reported. An incremental protocol to exhaustion was used to determine maximal VO 2 and peak HR to provide relative (%) HR and VO 2 values at submaximal work rates. Results : A strong relationship was found between RPE and %HR, %VO 2 , and capillary blood lactate concentrations ( r = .80–.82, all P s < .05). The between-subject coefficient of variation (SD/mean) for %HR and %VO 2 decreased linearly with increased RPE, from ∼10% to 15% at RPE 8 to ∼5% at RPE 17. Compared with cycling, running induced a systematically higher %HR and %VO 2 (∼2% and 5%, respectively, P < .05) with these differences being greater at lower intensities (RPE < 13). At the same RPE, women showed a trivial, but significantly higher %HR and %VO 2 than men (<1%, P < .05). Conclusions : Among elite endurance athletes, exercise mode influenced RPE at a given %HR and %VO 2 , with greater differences at lower exercise intensities. Athletes should manage different tools to evaluate training based on intensity and duration of workouts.
RESPONSE OF SOYABEAN (Glycine max. L. Merill) TO PHOSPHORUS AND AGROLYSER MICRONUTRIENT FERTILIZERS IN A SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH AGROECOLOGY IN NIGERIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two field experiments were carried out at Ejiba, Yagba-West Local Government Area of Kogi State (8o 18/ N, 5o 39/ E) in the southern Guinea savannah agro-ecological zone of Nigeria, during the 2007 wet (July- Nov.,2007) and 2008 dry (Jan.-April,2008) seasons to evaluate the responses of soyabean varieties to phosphorus and agrolyser (micronutrient) fertilizers. The experiments were in randomized complete block design laid out in a splitsplit plot arrangement. Variety was the main plot, phosphorus the sub plot and agrolyser the sub-sub plot factors, respectively. Three varieties of soyabean (TGX 1485-ID early maturing, TGX 1448-2E medium maturing, and TGX 1844-18E late maturing) were used. Three levels of phosphorus (0, 60 and 120 kg P205 ha-1) and two levels of agrolyser (0,and 0.6 kg ha-1) were used. Application of agrolyser increased grain yield slightly when P was applied at 120kg P2 O5, ha -1 while yield was depressed with agrolyser application at zero and 60 kg P2 O5 ha -1. Varied response to agrolyser was recorded among the three soyabean varieties. While agrolyser increased the yield of the early maturing variety, TGX 1485-ID, it depressed the yields of the medium and late maturing varieties. All the parameters measured were generally low during the dry season compared to the wet season. This could be as a result of the artificial water application, that is, irrigation and the ‘hot’ weather associated with the dry season. Soil analysis carried out on the two sites indicated low soil P and moderate availability of micronutrients. Grain yield was higher at 120kg P2 O5 ha -1 when agrolyser was applied.
The Development of Two Herbicides, Alloxydim-sodium and Sethoxydim

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Both of alloxydim-sodium [Sodium salt of methyl 3-(1-allyloxyaminobutylidene)-6, 6-dimethyl-2, 4-dioxocyclohexylcarboxylate] and sethoxydim (±)-2-(1-ethoxyiminobutyl)-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-enone are postemergence herbicides that provide excellent control of a wide range of grass weeds. The studies on them were started from the discovery of a new compound among the benzoxamate (miticide) derivatives having a weak herbicidal activity on grass weed. As a result of the research on the derivatives of various heterocyclic compounds such as pyrans, dimedones and barbituric acids, the dimedone derivatives were found to show the highest activity in postemergence treatment, and an alkoxyamino alkylidene moiety was indispensable on dimedone ring. Thus we selected out a compound from the dimedone derivatives and commercialized it in formulation of alloxydimsodium. It showed excellent activity on annual grasses at 1kg/ha approximately. However, the dosage more than 4kg/ha was needed to control perennial grasses completely, especially johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). Further investigation was carried out to find out more potent herbicide. Before long, we found that some compounds with additional substituent, sulfur-containing alkyl group at 5-position of 1, 3-dioxocyclohexane ring instead of the gemdimethyl of dimedone, gave excellent control of annual and perennial grasses. A lot of the cyclohexane derivatives with a sulfur-containing alkyl side chain were synthesized and screened. As the result, we picked out a compound (sethoxydim) providing always high activity in field trials. Sethoxydim effectively controlled annual grasses and johnsongrass at 0.2-0.4kg/ha and 0.5kg/ha respectively, and showed excellent selectivity in numerous dicotyledonous crops. Some simulated rainfall and partial droplet application studies revealed that sethoxydim appeared to be readily absorbed and translocated in the plants. Two gramineous species, Festuca rubra and F. myuros were resistant as high as broadleaf weeds, while F. arundinacea and F. pratensis were susceptible. This difference in susceptibility could not explain by absorption, translocation and metabolism. Microscopic studies revealed that sethoxydim attacked the meristematic regions and inhibited the cell divisions, resulting in the occurrence of herbicidal action.
and transient motion of spherical particles in viscoelastic liquids

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The motion of a spherical particle through a fluid with non-Newtonian rheological properties is a well-studied problem with a broad range of practical application from sedimentation of muds and slurries to processing of filled polymer melts. As a benchmark problem for computational rheology and the evaluation of numerical codes (cf. Hassager, 1988),
Great horsetail (Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This paper deals with the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, total phenolic content and concentrations of flavonoids of Equisetum telmateia extracts. Total phenolic content was determined with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and it ranged between 129.0 to 262.7 mg GA/g. The concentration of flavonoids in various extracts of E. telmateia was determined using spectrophotometric method with aluminum chloride and obtained results varied from 112.6 to 199.8 mg RU/g. Antioxidant activity was monitored spectrophotometrically and expressed in terms of IC50 (μg/ml), and its values ranged from 33.4 to 982.2 μg/ml. The highest phenolic content, concentrations of flavonoids and capacity to neutralize DPPH radicals were found in the acetone extract. In vitro antimicrobial activity was determined using microdilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) were also determined. Testing was performed on 22 microorganisms, including 15 strains of bacteria (standard and clinical strains) and 7 species of fungi. There were statistically significant differences in activity between the extracts of E. telmateia. Different effects were noticed against the bacteria and the methanol extract appeared to be most efficient. All the extracts showed significant antibacterial activity against G+ bacteria and weak to moderate activity against other microorganisms.
sj-pdf-1-jns-10.1177_09670335211054299 – Supplemental Material for Non-destructive near infrared spectroscopy externally validated using large number sets for creation of robust calibration models enabling prediction of apple firmness

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-jns-10.1177_09670335211054299 for Non-destructive near infrared spectroscopy externally validated using large number sets for creation of robust calibration models enabling prediction of apple firmness by Martina Marečková, Veronika Danková, Lubor Zelený and Pavol Suran in Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Classroom Authority: Theory, Research, and Practice. Judith L. Pace and Annette Hemmings, eds. Mahwah, NJ.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 2006. pp. 193 $24.50 (paper).

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This collection of essays makes it clear that classroom authority presents both fundamental and pressing issues for teachers at all levels of schooling. The fundamental issues involve consideration...
Global Survival 101: A Proposed Universal University Course

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A National Education Plan (for the next 10 years) in effect in our Congress has as one of its goals to increase the 5.6 % of GDP that we invest in education to reach gradually to 10 % of GDP by 2020. A new law also states that funds collected from the off-shore oil exploration will be invested 3/4th in education and 1/4th in health. Implemented, these proposals will help significantly in Brazil’s development. Another external force being felt right now results from over 7 million students who having finished secondary education wish to enter a H.E. institution, but they must pass the National Exam (ENEM). If approved and depending on their grades, they can occupy one of the 0.55 million vacancies available in public Universities, where no tuition is charged. Of the remaining candidates taking ENEM, about 2.2 million more can be admitted in private H.E. institutions (where they have to pay tuition). So what happens to more than 4 million Brazilian students that are not able to enter H.E. this year? Some will try again next year, and some may go to Technical Secondary Schools. Some will try to get a job in the non-skilled job market, but sadly, a number of them will join the “no-no ” generation: not in schools and not in jobs (maybe entering a drug/criminal route?). There are several factors and forces driving change in global higher education (H.E.). Many
A Time-varying Parameter Based Seasonally-adjusted Bayesian State-space Model for Forecasting

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we develop a time-varying parameter based seasonally-adjusted Bayesian state-space model for non-stationary time series datasets where both the trend and seasonal components are present and it is the general scenario for most of the real datasets in various scientific disciplines. In spite of removing such terms using some do-and-check procedure to make the data stationary, our model directly fits a dataset and forecasts a number of future observations. For a specific prior construction we have considered, every parameter update is one-dimensional so that we don't need to invert any matrix and also we overcome the difficulty of Metropolis-Hastings steps simply by Gibbs sampling which is another advantage of this model. It can handle missing data as well which occurs very often in time series contexts. We implement it on the sufficiently large (24 years of monthly average temperature series, i.e. the number of observations =288) for 57 meteorological stations across India and show that for most of the cases, our method forecasts quite accurately for the months of the 25-th year.
Regulation of pluripotency genes by CX3CR1 in cancer cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Prostate and breast cancers are among the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in the United States, leading to approximately 60,000 deaths every year. Although localized disease has a high survival rate, over 30% of the patients with either form of tumor develop metastatic recurrence over time. Metastatic disease remains incurable, accounting for most cancer-related deaths. Evidence suggests that while most cancer cells within a primary tumor lack the ability to initiate new tumors, a small group of cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) can initiate metastatic lesions and sustain their growth. CSCs are characterized by stemness features, which are mediated by the expression of pluripotency transcription factors, including OCT4a and NANOG. Recent evidence suggests that chemokine receptors may play an important role in the regulation of cell stemness. Our lab has previously demonstrated that the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 is implicated in tumor progression and metastasis in prostate and breast cancers. Furthermore, our studies suggest that prostate and breast cancer cells with high CX3CR1 expression (CX3CR1High) display stem-like features and express pluripotency genes. In contrast, cancer cells with low CX3CR1 expression (CX3CR1Low) do not display stemness features but undergo phenotypic plasticity, reacquiring the expression of CX3CR1 and pluripotency genes over a period of time. In this study, we set to determine if CX3CR1 is involved in regulating the expression of pluripotency genes during phenotypic plasticity. To this end, we used flow cytometry to sort prostate and breast cancer cells based on their CX3CR1 expression levels, and then cultured CX3CR1Low cells over a period of time to assess the timeframe for the re-expression of CX3CR1, OCT4a and NANOG. We also cultured these cells in the presence of a CX3CR1 small molecule inhibitor, FX-68, in order to assess the effect of blocking CX3CR1 in the re-expression of pluripotency genes. Our preliminary results show that both prostate and breast cancer CX3CR1Low cells increase their expression of CX3CR1, OCT4a and NANOG following in vitro culture, and this re-expression appears to be impaired when CX3CR1 is blocked. These results suggest that CX3CR1 may be involved in regulating its own expression and the expression of pluripotency genes and may thus play a role in dictating stemness features and promoting metastasis initiation. Our study provides further evidence for the involvement of CX3CR1 in cancer progression and its potential as a therapeutic target to treat metastatic disease.
Glasdegib with Low-Dose Cytarabine: A New Upfront Option for the Vulnerable AML Patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A multitude of regulatory approvals has recently changed the therapeutic landscape of acute myeloid leukemia. Among these was upfront therapy with the Hedgehog inhibitor glasdegib with low-dose cytarabine. Understanding the process of and rationale for approval of this promising combination is timely and valuable for the oncology community. See related article by Norsworthy et al., p. 6021
Research on the thermohydraulic performance of parallel evaporative cooling system for insulated gate bipolar transistor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Thermohydraulic performance of the parallel evaporative cooling system (PECS) is quite essential for the efficient and safe operation of IGBT modules. This paper aims to develop a novel coupling model of PECS for optimal design. The thermohydraulic coupling performance of the PECS is analyzed from the perspectives of two-phase flow and heat transfer. The influence of the thermal flux, branch diameter, and number of parallel evaporators on temperature and flow distribution of the PECS is thoroughly studied. The findings indicate that the high thermal flux will alter the flow pattern in the evaporator, resulting in a wall temperature jump. The thermal flux has a great influence on the flow distribution, and the maximum deviation between the evaporator is 30%. The branch diameter does not affect the temperature distribution of PECS, while the branch diameter has a great influence on the flow distribution. The minimum critical branch diameter of the PECS for efficient operation is 6 mm. The number of parallel evaporators significantly influences the thermohydraulic performance. The number of parallel evaporators suitable for optimal thermohydraulic performance of PECS is less than 12. The 24 parallel evaporators are the maximum number to ensure the uniform flow distribution of the PECS.
407 Mechanical properties of nodular graphite cast iron by neutron diffraction

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

As the microstructure has great effect on the mechanical properties of nodular graphite cast iron, mechanical properties of two kinds of nodular graphite cast iron with different microstructures were studied by in situ neutron diffraction during tensile deformation with a time of flight method. It showed that in a cast iron consisting of pearlite and ferrite, the soft phase ferrite was a main factor influencing the yield point, and the hard phase pearlite was a reason of higher work hardening. There was also work hardening in a cast iron with high ferrite fraction, which came from the different stress distribution between hard grain (200) and soft grain (110). However, the work hardening from grain strain was smaller than that caused by phase strain.