jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Versailles

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

AVANT-PROPOSqui soulèvent lourdement leurs colonnes de temples grecs; un Louis XIV de bronze caracolant sur un haut piédestal, pour introduire noblement les visiteurs « .4toutes les gloires de la France », au Musée du roi Louis-Philippe ; enfin, tout au fond d'une cour, un petit château, rose et blanc, avec de beaux balcons dorés: telle est Ventrée de Versailles, dont la grandeur mêlée de ridicule offusquera toujours, et ne peut être entièrement rétablie.Mais insiste^; pénétre^aux parties de ce château que n'a point rava- gées la médiocre imagination du roi bourgeois; ou plutôt, avant toute visite, alle\ aux jardins, vers la terrasse ouverte au libre horizon, par-des- sus l'immobile océan des feuillages.Des murailles la dominent, dorées par deux siècles de soleil, et dont les fenêtres reflètent la lumière de V occi- dent, reflétées elles-mêmes au miroir de pièces d'eau paisibles.Là vous sentirez rémotion d'une beauté toute d'éléments humains, beauté d'architecture, faisant oeuvre d'art des bois, des eaux et des nuages, aussi bien que des bronzes et des marbres, et du sourire mélancolique des années mortes.Tant de souvenirs de l'histoire de France dorment ensevelis à Versailles!Les pages qui suivent expliqueront cette beauté, montreront ce que peu- vent, avec de bons ouvriers dociles, une discipline et une volonté.D'admirables études érudites ont été publiées récemment sur Versailles.Il s'agit moins ici de détails érudits que de peinture vivante.Beaucoup défaits et de dates, et même des recherches nouvelles, peuvent tenir en peu de lignes ; et ne serait-il pas possible que de la manière seule d'exposer et de grouper des monuments il résultât un sens de l'art et une doctrine ?Ce petit livre ne remplacera point les in-folios; mais il en voudrait donner l'essentiel, avec quelque chose au delà : c'est l'âme de Versailles.La devise de Louis'jXIV, détail du plafond de l'antichambre de la Reine. VERSAILLES
Numerical Simulation of Large-scale Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Using the bed model of saftware Flic and the commercial software Fluent,numerical simulation on combustion and heat transfer process of a 750 t/d waste incinerator was carried out for effective prediction of the temperature field,flow field,composition concentration field of the flue gas and other important information inside the incinerator.The operational conditions were further optimized,and the flow rate ratio of the primary air in different bellows and the initial thickness of waste were studied.Results show that when the flow rate ratio of the primary air in different bellows is 0.22∶0.38∶0.28∶0.12,mass loss rate of the waste is 79.18 %,and the CO concentration at the furnace outlet is only 389 mg/m~3;within reasonable range,increasing the initial thickness of waste can shorten the drying process and advance the ignition time of the waste.Among all operational conditions,the incinerator can run with comprehensive optimum combustion and heat transfer performance in condition 3 with initial waste thickness of 585 mm.
Cortical Plasticity under Ketamine: From Synapse to Map

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Sensory systems need to process signals in a highly dynamic way to efficiently respond to variations in the animal’s environment. For instance, several studies showed that the visual system is subject to neuroplasticity since the neurons’ firing changes according to stimulus properties. This dynamic information processing might be supported by a network reorganization. Since antidepressants influence neurotransmission, they can be used to explore synaptic plasticity sustaining cortical map reorganization. To this goal, we investigated in the primary visual cortex (V1 of mouse and cat), the impact of ketamine on neuroplasticity through changes in neuronal orientation selectivity and the functional connectivity between V1 cells, using cross correlation analyses. We found that ketamine affects cortical orientation selectivity and alters the functional connectivity within an assembly. These data clearly highlight the role of the antidepressant drugs in inducing or modeling short-term plasticity in V1 which suggests that cortical processing is optimized and adapted to the properties of the stimulus.
Prenatal Evaluation for Detection of Anorectal Atresia: Value of Ultrasound

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To investigate the applicability and value of ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of anorectal atresia. Methods Between January 2008 and January 2016, we prospectively evaluated 63,101 fetuses (gestational age, 20–38 weeks), including low‐ and high‐risk populations using 2‐dimensional US scans. An abnormal imaging finding was defined as an anal canal diameter of less than the 95% confidence interval (small anal canal) of the normal range or the absence of an anal canal and rectum. Imaging findings were considered normal on detection of an anal canal with a normal width and the absence of abnormalities. Prenatal imaging findings were confirmed by a postnatal or postmortem examination. Results Among the investigated fetuses, 28 showed evidence of anorectal atresia on US scans, and 22 of those with anorectal atresia had additional anomalies. Six cases of isolated anorectal atresia were successfully detected during the preclusive prenatal US scans. Four cases of a low imperforate anus (including 2 covered anuses) yielded false‐negative results, indicating a diagnostic rate of 87.5% (28 of 32). The normal appearance of the fetal rectum and anal canal ruled out anorectal atresia in 30 fetuses with a dilated colon. Additionally, there were 3 false‐positive cases, in which a narrow anal canal was observed. Conclusions Identifying the abnormal appearance or absence of the fetal anal canal and rectum on preclusive US anomaly scans is useful for prenatal diagnosis or exclusion of anorectal atresia, which may help improve the detection of isolated anorectal atresia. Furthermore, a combined evaluation of the longitudinal and axial appearances of the fetal anal canal and rectum can improve diagnostic accuracy.
Preparation and in vitro release of Breviscapine sustained-release tablets

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE Breviscapine sustained-release tablets(BST)were formulated with hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose as the matrix material and the release mechanism of the tablets was studied.METHODS The effects of determination methods,main excipients and accelerated stability test on the sustained-release character were studied.RESULTS The release results of BST coincided with sustained-release quality standard,and drug release pattern was in accorded with the first order kinetics.CONCLUSION BST has a good sustained-release behavior,while the preparation method is simple,and reasonable in large-scale production.
A case of acute gastric mesenteroaxial volvulus corrected by endoscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 71-year-old woman was admitted as an emergency with a three-day history of repeated vomiting and epigastralgia. An upright plain radiograph showed a huge quantity of air and two distinct fluid levels in her stomach, while a CT scan of the abdomen showed the stomach to be significantly dilated. As upper GI series revealed typical features of mesenteroaxial volvulus of the stomach, hence a diagnosis of gastric volvulus was made. Fluoroscopic examination of the stomach also showed a gastric volvulus of mesenteric type and occlusion in the lower body of the stomach. After an endoscope was inserted further into the duodenum, the endoscope was directed into a reverse alpha loop. As the endoscope was retracted with its tip hooking the duodenum, rotation was successfully corrected. This paper describes the classification, diagnosis and treatments of gastric volvulus. We studied the clinical characteristics of the attempted endoscopic reduction of gastric volvulus reported in Japan between 2000 and 2012, identifying 40 cases using the medical journal search engine Ichushi-Web (Japan Medical Abstract Society). The results indicate that mesenteroaxial (86% of cases) is more prevalent than organoaxial (8%) volvulus of the stomach, and the group of cases with idiopathic volvulus were corrected endoscopically except patients with lax ligaments stabilizing the stomach. We suggest attempting reduction of gastric volvulus endoscopically at first.
Operator/Manager Classification as a Precursor to Function Allocation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

As part of the Cockpit Automation Technology program, a procedure was developed to classify functions into operator or manager roles. The functions were derived from sample air-to-air and air-to-ground tactical missions. Each function in these missions was classified as either operator or manager roles based on the action required by the function. This procedure provided guidelines for subsequent allocation of the function to a crew member or to a machine, depending on if a man or a machine is to be in the cockpit.
Optimization of In Vivo Electroporation Conditions and Delivery of DNA Vaccine Encoding SARS-CoV-2 RBD Using the Determined Protocol

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections requires safe, effective, and inexpensive vaccines that can be rapidly developed. DNA vaccines are candidates that meet these criteria, but one of their drawbacks is their relatively weak immunogenicity. Electroporation (EP) is an effective way to enhance the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines, but because of the different configurations of the devices that are used for EP, it is necessary to carefully select the conditions of the procedure, including characteristics such as voltage, current strength, number of pulses, etc. In this study, we determined the optimal parameters for delivery DNA vaccine by electroporation using the BEX CO device. BALB/c mice were used as a model. Plasmid DNA phMGFP was intramuscular (I/M) injected into the quadriceps muscle of the left hind leg of animals using insulin syringes, followed by EP. As a result of the experiments, the following EP parameters were determined: direct and reverse polarity rectangular DC current in three pulses, 12 V voltage for 30 ms and 950 ms intervals, with a current limit of 45 mA. The selected protocol induced a low level of injury and provided a high level of GFP expression. The chosen protocol was used to evaluate the immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine encoding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 protein (pVAXrbd) injected by EP. It was shown that the delivery of pVAXrbd via EP significantly enhanced both specific humoral and cellular immune responses compared to the intramuscular injection of the DNA vaccine.
Psoriasis and the nervous system.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Both clinical and experimental evidence is accumulating on the role of the nervous system in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Sporadic reports as well as extensive studies indicate that emotional stress can act as an exacerbating event in psoriasis. Moreover, that neurogenic mechanisms are operating in psoriasis is suggested by clinical, pharmacologic and experimental data. We have focused our investigations on the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) in psoriatic lesions using a variety of experimental approaches: 1) receptor autoradiography; 2) immunohistochemistry; 3) radio-immunoassay; 4) human keratinocytes cultures. Our results indicate that an imbalance of VIP and SP exists in psoriatic lesions, and that these neuropeptides exert different and specific effects on human keratinocytes. At present, however, the finding of psoriasis being exacerbated by psychological factors cannot be satisfactorily explained merely by alterations of neuropeptides in the skin.
A JOURNEY THROUGH PARALLEL PROCESSES: A CASE STUDY EXPLORING HEALING THROUGH THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP AND THERAPIST GROWTH IN INTEGRATIVE HUMANISTIC COUNSELING PRACTICES

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Trauma impacts a person’s sense of self and safety in connection, often leading to emotional distress, disconnection, and difficulty trusting. This case study explores the parallel process in therapy—how the client and therapist evolve throughout treatment, centering the therapeutic relationship as the primary agent of healing. Using an integrative humanistic approach that blends person-centered therapy and Gestalt techniques, this study examines how the therapeutic relationship helped Miley, a 23-year-old client, process and heal from trauma tied to an abusive relationship. The common factors approach—emphasizing the therapeutic alliance, responsiveness, and client engagement—fostered trust, self-awareness, and emotional processing. A person-centered foundation gave Miley space to explore her experiences at her own pace, while Gestalt interventions supported her confronting avoidance and integrating suppressed emotions. As Miley became more congruent and confident in her authentic self, the therapeutic process also led to the therapist’s growth in self-trust and directness, reinforcing the reciprocal nature of therapy. This study emphasizes the transformative power of the therapeutic relationship and the importance of prioritizing it in clinical work. The findings support a shift toward a flexible, client-centered approach that acknowledges therapy as a dynamic process of mutual transformation.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Chemicals on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiriL.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment entitled “Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Chemicals on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiriL.)” was carried out under hydroponic condition at laboratory of Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, CAU, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh during the year 2019-20. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with thirteen treatments and three replications. The seeds were soaked before sowing with different concentrations of GA3 (50, 100 and 150 ppm), NAA (50, 100 and 150 ppm), KNO3 (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%), Thiourea (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) and control (seeds soaked with distilled water) for 12 hours.
VLSI Implementation of Neural Classifiers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The embedding of neural networks in real-time systems performing classification and clustering tasks requires that models be implemented in hardware. A flexible, pipelined associative memory capable of operating in real-time is proposed as a hardware substrate for the emulation of neural fixed-radius clustering and binary classification schemes. This paper points out several important considerations in the development of hardware implementations. As a specific example, it is shown how the ART1 paradigm can be functionally emulated by the limited resolution pipelined architecture, in the absence of full parallelism.
Generation of attosecond micro bunched beam using ionization injection in laser wakefield acceleration

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Micro bunched electron beams with periodic longitudinal density modulation at optical wavelengths give rise to coherent light emission. In this paper, we show attosecond micro bunched beam generation and acceleration in laser-plasma wakefield via particle-in-cell simulations. Due to the near-threshold ionization with the drive laser, the electrons with phase-dependent distributions are non-linearly mapped to discrete final phase spaces. Electrons can preserve this initial bunching structure during the acceleration, leading to an attosecond electron bunch train after leaving the plasma with separations of the same time scale. The modulation of the comb-like current density profile is about 2 k 0 ∼ 3 k 0 , where k 0 is the wavenumber of the laser pulse. Such pre-bunched electrons with low relative energy spread may have potential in applications related to future coherent light sources driven by laser-plasma accelerators and broad application prospects in attosecond science and ultrafast dynamical detection.
Monosaccharide composition and scavenging hydroxyl free radical activity of polysaccharides fromPolygonum mulitiflorum Radix

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Characterize the monosaccharide composition,molecular weight and scavenging hydroxyl free radical activity of polysaccharides from Polygonum mulitiflorum Radix.Ultrasonic extraction of polysaccharide from Polygonum mulitiflorum Radix is isolated by DEAE-650C.The molecular weights are characterized by high performance gel permeation chromatography.The monosaccharide compositions are analyzed by HPLC applied to PMP precolumn derivation.Through the Fenton reaction produces(.OH)to evaluate the ability of polysaccharide from Polygonum mulitiflorum Radix on scavenging hydroxyl free radical(.OH).Polysaccharide from Polygonum mulitiflorum Radix is constituted by twocomponents named PMPS1and PMPS2.The relative molecular weight of PMPS1is 87 449and PMPS2is 132 499.PMPS1mainly is composed by galactose,glucose,arabinose and their molar ratio is 1∶89.1∶ 3.2.PMPS2mainly is composed by the galactose,galacturonic acid,glucose,arabinose and their molar ratio is 2.5∶1∶395.8∶3.8;The EC50of PMPS1and PMPS2which clearance on scavenging hydroxyl free radical are 2.86 mg.mL-1,1.13 mg.mL-1.Polysaccharide from Polygonum mulitiflorum Radix is constituted by two-components,theyent.The ability of acidic polysaccharide PMPS2on scavenging hydroxyl free radical hydroxide is stronger than PMPS1
Effectiveness of stop clot package on knowledge and skill regarding prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) among Eunuchs at selected settings, Chennai, 2015

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim and objective: To assess the effectiveness of Stop Clot Package on knowledge and skill
regarding prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis among eunuchs. Methodology: A quasi
experimental non-equivalent control group pre test and post test design was adopted to assess the
level of knowledge and skill regarding prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis at Thozhi Association,
Aminjikarai, Chennai and Thamil Nadu Aravanigal Association, Saidapet, Chennai. 60 eunuchs who
fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected (with 30 each in experimental and control group) using
non probability purposive sampling technique. A Stop Clot Package comprising of lecture cum
discussion, demonstration of static stretching exercises and return demonstration of static stretching
exercises by the eunuchs formed the intervention of the study. The pre and post test level of
knowledge and skill for the experimental group was assessed using structured knowledge
questionnaire and observational checklist respectively; whereas in the control group the pre and
post test level of knowledge alone was assessed using structured knowledge questionnaire.
Results: The findings of the study revealed that comparison of post test level of knowledge
between the experimental and control group indicated a calculated un
Delta-shock waves and Riemann solutions to the generalized pressureless Euler equations with a composite source term

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we are concerned with the Riemann problem for the generalized pressureless Euler equations with a composite source term, which covers the important Eulerian droplet model associated with aircrafts and airways. The Riemann solutions exhibit exactly two types of structures: delta-shocks and vacuum solutions. The generalized Rankine–Hugoniot conditions of the delta shock wave are established and the exact position, propagation speed and strength of the delta shock wave are given explicitly. It is shown that the composite source term makes contact discontinuities and delta shock waves bend into curves and the Riemann solutions are not self-similar anymore, which is a new and interesting phenomenon different from the homogeneous generalized pressureless Euler equations. On the other hand, compared with previous results on the nonhomogeneous generalized pressureless Euler equations, different from the nonhomogeneous case with friction where the state variable u changes linearly with respect to t, here u changes exponentially with respect to t under the influence of composite source term, but with a velocity quite different from the nonhomogeneous case with dissipation. It is also shown that, as the composite source term vanishes wholly or partly, the Riemann solutions converge to the corresponding ones of the homogeneous system or the nonhomogeneous system. These results will give us valuable insights into later research on the (generalized) pressureless Euler equations and other conservation laws with more complicated source terms, such as discontinuous source terms or singular source terms. Finally, two typical examples are given to show the application of our results on the Eulerian droplet model and the nonlinear geometric optics system with a source term.
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) was born as the Spanish Armada threatened the English coast. In his verse autobiography he tells us 'And hereupon it was my mother dear / Did bring forth twins at once, both me and fear.' Fear, we are to understand, was Hobbes's alter ego. After graduating from Oxford he served for thirty years, almost without interruption, first as tutor, and then as secretary for William Cavendish, later second Earl of Devonshire; then as tutor for his son, the third Earl. In this capacity he spent extensive periods in France and Italy, meeting continental philosophers. At first his views were those of a humanist with an interest in reason of state (see his Discourses) and history (his translation of Thucydides was published in 1629). But in 1629 Hobbes discovered geometry and began to develop a philosophy which grounded all knowledge in matter and motion. In 1640 his first work of political philosophy, the Elements, was in widespread circulation. Since it implied hostility to the claims of parliament, Hobbes thought it wise to flee to France when the Long Parliament was summoned. There he published De Cive (1642), served as tutor to the Prince of Wales in exile, and wrote Leviathan (1651). Publication of this work in England was followed by Hobbes coming under attack from royalists, Anglicans, and Catholics in France, so that he was forced to flee to England, where he accepted the legitimacy of the parliamentary and Cromwellian regimes, and then of the restored monarchy. In 1668 he completed Behemoth, a history of the Civil War. It is worth stressing that Hobbes thought of himself as being as much a mathematician and a scientist as a political philosopher, and that he published as readily in Latin as in English — with the result that he had a European reputation.
A Fuzzy Ranking Based Buffer Replacement Strategy for Opportunistic Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In opportunistic networks, it always suffers from the problems that the topology of the network changes dramatically, the disconnection between nodes are prevalen. A store-carry-forward protocol is utilized to deal with those problems in which messages need to be stored in buffers and carried for a long time. Allowing for the limited buffer space, it likely brings buffer overflows and network congestion. A buffer replacement strategy based on fuzzy ranking is proposed to ease congestion and improve efficiency for opportunistic networks in this paper. In the strategy priority, timeliness and size of messages are taken into account, and fuzzy theory is employed to make multi-attribute evaluation and rank replacement sequence. Through simulation results, it can be observed that the proposed strategy can improve the effect of routing in opportunistic networks in terms of delivery ratio and packet loss rate.