jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Association of vitamin D with insulin resistance in Argentine boys: A pilot study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with insulin resistance. The objectives of the study was to the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, and the association of vitamin D concentrations with age, Tanner stage, BMI and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) in a group of healthy boys. Data were collected cross-sectionally at an amateur rugby club in the Buenos Aires suburbs in May, 2010. BMI, waist circumference, Tanner staging, blood pressure, and levels of glucose, lipids, and insulin were determined. 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured by radioimmunoassay. One hundred and sixteen boys aged 11.3 ± 2.4 y were examined; 19 (16.4%) and 40 (34.5%) boys were overweight and obese, respectively, per United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 52.2% of the children were at Tanner 1. Serum concentration of [25(OH)D] had a median value of 20 ng/mL (interquartile range 18–21 ng/mL). Sixty (52.6%) boys had insufficient [25(OH)D] ([25(OH)D > 20 but ≤ 30 ng/mL), and 54 (46.6%) had deficient levels ([25(OH)D] < 20 ng/mL). Univariate analyses indicated a negative significant association between [25(OH)D] and BMI (r −0.20, P = 0.03), waist circumference (r −0.23, P = 0.01), HOMA-IR (r −0.25, P = 0.007), and insulin (r −0.29, P = 0.002). Multiple regression analysis showed that [25(OH)D] concentration was significantly and inversely associated with HOMA-IR, (B = −0.8; p = 0.02) adjusted for Tanner and BMI (R2 = 0.35). This study demonstrated an inverse association between [25(OH)D] and HOMA-IR in healthy boys adjusted for pubertal development and BMI. It also showed a high prevalence of both [25(OH)D] deficiency and insufficiency. Further research is needed on the prospective association between vitamin D and the risk for type 2 diabetes.
Omega 3 Improves Both apoB100-containing Lipoprotein Turnover and their Sphingolipid Profile in Hypertriglyceridemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Context Evidence for an association between sphingolipids and metabolic disorders is increasingly reported. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) improve apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100)-containing lipoprotein metabolism, but their effects on the sphingolipid content in lipoproteins remain unknown. Objectives In subjects with hypertriglyceridemia, we analyzed the effect of n-3 LC-PUFAs on the turnover apoB100-containing lipoproteins and on their sphingolipid content and looked for the possible association between these lipid levels and apoB100-containing lipoprotein turnover parameters. Methods Six subjects underwent a kinetic study before and after n-3 supplementation for 2 months with 1 g of fish oil 3 times day containing 360 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 240 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the form of triglycerides. We examined apoB100-containing lipoprotein turnover by primed perfusion labeled [5,5,5-2H3]-leucine and determined kinetic parameters using a multicompartmental model. We quantified sphingolipid species content in lipoproteins using mass spectrometry. Results Supplementation decreased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglyceride, and apoB100 concentrations. The VLDL neutral and polar lipids showed increased n-3 LC-PUFA and decreased n-6 LC-PUFA content. The conversion rate of VLDL1 to VLDL2 and of VLDL2 to LDL was increased. We measured a decrease in total apoB100 production and VLDL1 production. Supplementation reduced the total ceramide concentration in VLDL while the sphingomyelin content in LDL was increased. We found positive correlations between plasma palmitic acid and VLDL ceramide and between VLDL triglyceride and VLDL ceramide, and inverse correlations between VLDL n-3 LC-PUFA and VLDL production. Conclusion Based on these results, we hypothesize that the improvement in apoB100 metabolism during n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation is contributed to by changes in sphingolipids
Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of S38MnSiV Micro-alloyed Forging Steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

By conducting single-pass compression test in MMS-300 thermo-mechanical simulator and optical microstructural observation,the hot deformation behavior of S38MnSiV micro-alloyed forging steel w as investigated at temperature of 1 173 ~ 1 423 K and strain rate of 0.01 ~ 10 s-1.The effect law of strain rate and deformation temperature on dynamic recrystallization(DRX) behavior and microstructural evolution w as gained,and the activation energy and the constitutive equation w ere established for hot deformation according to hyperbolic sine method.The results show that DRX is easier to occur at higher deformation temperature and low er strain rate.With the process of DRX,the average austenite grain size decreases w ith the increasing strain.When steady state stress is achieved,the austenite grain size remains almost the same,independent of the strain.
Certain aspects of provoding use of police units in actions of protection and rescuing in case of natural disasters

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Police officers represent significant and very respectable force of the system for protection and rescue of people, material and cultural values from consequences caused by natural disasters. Effectiveness and efficiency of police forces depend on various factors, such as degree of abruptness, type, scale, intensity, phase and consequences of natural disaster, quality of training and equipping police officers, availability of response action plans and stable financial resources. However, experiences of the police in protection and rescue actions during the floods in May 2014, led to importance of exploring visibly present but not sufficiently explained theoretical aspects of the use of police units during natural disasters of catastrophic proportions. Regarding this, the paper elaborates the issues concerning organization and functioning of telecommunications and geo topographic ensuring use of police units in actions of protection and rescue during catastrophic floods on examples from Obrenovac and Šabac. At the end of the paper, the concrete suggestions for improving the treated issues are given.
A1190-151: Design and prototype MOSFET/IGBT switches for efficient power converters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To build an efficient power converter, especially for a brushless DC motor, this report will look into details the suitable gate driver that will drive the IGBT/MOSFET and isolation circuit that will act as an isolation from the input to the output. Bootstrap supply circuit will also be considered as the driver requires the bootstrap capacitor to charge in order to provide the correct bias to the high side MOSFET/IGBT. For the isolation circuit, it will further look into depth the different kinds of isolation driver circuit. MATLAB and ControlDesk® Next Generation will be utilized for simulation purposes.
Synthesis of ‘‘Light’’ Heavy Elements upon the Explosion of a Low-Mass Neutron Star

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The explosion of a minimal-mass neutron star formed in the course of the evolution of a close binary of neutron stars markedly differing in mass is considered. The abundance of heavy elements produced during the expansion of matter of the external neutron-star core after the explosion of a low-mass neutron star is calculated. It is shown that, in this scenario, a weak r-process proceeds in the external core, leading to the formation of a ‘‘light’’ fraction of heavy elements.
Production and characterization of IgM antibodies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Die Produktion von IgM Antikörpern, welche in der Klinik verwendet werden können, ist gerade in der Entwicklungsphase und wird noch nicht sehr häufig durchgeführt. Verglichen mit der Information, die für die Produktion der vielfach verwendeten IgG Antikörper vorhanden ist, ist das Wissen und die Erfahrung über die Produktion von IgM Antikörpern noch sehr gering.Darum behandelt diese Masterarbeit die Produktion von drei verschiedenen IgM Antikörpern (IgM617, IgM012 und IgM012_GL). Die Produktion dieser Antikörper wurde sowohl in einem stabilen Expressionssystem (CHO DG44) als auch in einem transienten Expressionssystem (HEK-293-6E) durchgeführt und dann wurden diese beiden Bedingungen miteinander verglichen. Dafür wurden für beide Bedingungen Batch-Experimente durchgeführt, um anschließend das Zellwachstum, die Produktivität (ELISA) und die Polymer Verteilung (SDS-PAGE) zu bestimmen. Die höchste Wachstumsrate und der höchste Antikörpertiter wurde mit dem IgM617 Antikörper in dem stabilen Expressionssystem erzielt.In der transienten Expressionsform wurden weitere Transfektionen mit verschiedenen Verhältnissen der Plasmide für schwere zu leichter Kette getestet. Eine größere Menge des Plasmids mit leichter Kette im Vergleich zur Menge des Plasmids mit schwerer Kette scheint dabei den Antikörpertiter zu erhöhen.Mittels eines zweistufigen Chromatografie Prozesses, welcher eine Affinitätssäule und eine Größenausschlusssäule umfasst, wurde ein Teil der produzierten Antikörper für weiterführende Experimente aufgereinigt.Dann wurde der aufgereinigte IgM617 Antikörper auf seine Bindung zu Ganglosiden auf Zelloberflächen verschiedener Zelllinien getestet (Durchflusszytometrie und Fluoreszenzmikroskopie). Basierend auf der Erkenntnis, dass bestimmte Ganglioside auf der Zelloberfläche von gewissen Tumorzellen überexprimiert werden, wurden verschiedene Tumorzelllinien und eine negative Kontrollzelllinie verwendet, um zu überprüfen ob der IgM617 Antikörper zwischen Tumorzellen und normalen Zellen unterscheiden kann und somit als Zellmarker für die Detektion von zirkulierenden Tumorzellen im menschlichen Blut verwendet werden kann.In einem Lagerungsexperiment wurden verschiedene Lagerungskonditionen für den IgM617 Antikörper getestet und die Degradation des Antikörpers über eine längere Zeitperiode untersucht.
Vinorelbine-related tetraplegia due to severe peripheral neuropathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Vinorelbine, a semi-synthetic vinca alkaloid with anticancer activity by binding to tubulin, has shown to be successful in the treatment of cancer types including advanced non-small cell lung cancer, uterine cancer, and metastatic breast cancer. Myelosuppression, hematological effects, nausea, vomiting, exhaustion, and neuropathy are some of the most typical side effects of vinorelbine. We discuss the unusual presentation of vinorelbine-induced tetraplegia in a breast cancer patient. Case Report A 66-year-old patient with breast cancer, who was followed up with adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy after mastectomy, presented with lung and bone metastases. She progressed in the follow-ups after receiving platinum and taxane chemotherapy, vinorelbine treatment was then started. The patient complained of weakness, weariness, and trouble walking after receiving a total dose of 180 mg. Tetraplegia was found after a neurological assessment. Management and Outcome It was thought that vinorelbine was responsible for the recent acute weakness. The patient's vinorelbine treatment was stopped. During follow-up, upper extremity paresis regressed, while lower extremities muscle strength remained unchanged. Discussion Vinorelbine, frequently used in oncology practice, causes some side effects. Although very rare in the literature, in this case severe peripheral neuropathy has been reported in the follow-up of post-vinorelbine quadriparesis.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

shown by the experience of Dr John Paulley (20 November, p 1252) in the Ipswich District.Together with the more favoured Cambridge and Norwich Districts they combine to put the East Anglian Region on the national average.Annual differential incremental growth money, not money stolen from the London till, is surely the only real solution for the future.But we may have to await the restora- tion of the nation's finances by the International Monetary Fund and forward-looking politicians.Incidentally, have the favoured regions used their extra millions this year productively or has the money paid for infla- tion and junior doctor's pay awards ?Of course RAWP is right in wishing to equate resources with medical need.However, first they must define "need" and then show how to measure it.Then they may bring the Tablets down from the Mountain.
Metabolism of Metamitron in Goat Following a Single Oral Administration of a Nontoxic Dose Level: A Continued Study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Disposition kinetic behavior and metabolism studies of metamitron and its metabolite in terms of the parent compound were carried out in black Bengal goats after a single oral administration of a nontoxic oral dose at 30 mg kg(-1) of body weight. Metamitron was detected in the blood sample at 5 min (2.23 +/- 0.04 microg mL(-1)), maximum at 1 h (3.43 +/- 0.02 microg mL(-1)) and minimum at 12 h (0.41 +/- 0.01 microg mL(-1)), after a single oral administration. Metabolite [3-methyl-6-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] in terms of the parent compound was detected in the blood sample at 5 min (0.47 +/- 0.006 microg mL(-1)), maximum at 6 h (5.12 +/- 0.02 microg mL(-1)) and minimum at 96 h (1.06 +/- 0.016 microg mL(-1)), after a single oral administration. The t(1/2 K) and Cl(B) values of metamitron were 3.63 +/- 0.05 h and 1.36 +/- 0.016 L kg(-1) h(-1), respectively, whereas the t(1/2K)(m) and Cl(B)(m) values of the metabolite were 38.15 +/- 0.37 h and 0.091 +/- 0.001 L kg(-1) h(-1), respectively, which suggested long persistence of the metabolite in blood and tissues of goat. Metamitron was excreted through feces and urine for up to 48 and 72 h, whereas the metabolite was excreted for up to 168 and 144 h, respectively. Metabolite alone contributed to 96 and 67% of combined recovery percentage of metamitron and metabolite against the administered dose in feces and urine of goat, respectively. All of the goat tissues except lung, adrenal gland, ovary, testis, and mammary gland retained the metabolite residue for up to 6 days after administration.
Proteins containing an uncleaved signal for glycophosphatidylinositol membrane anchor attachment are retained in a post-ER compartment.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane proteins are initially synthesized with a cleavable COOH-terminal extension that signals anchor attachment. Overexpression in COS cells of hGH-DAF fusion proteins containing the GPI signal of decay accelerating factor (DAF) fused to the COOH-terminus of human growth hormone (hGH), produces both GPI-anchored hGH-DAF and uncleaved precursors that retain the GPI signal. Using hGH-DAF fusion proteins containing a mutated, noncleavable GPI signal, we show that uncleaved polypeptides are retained inside the cell and accumulate in a brefeldin A-sensitive, Golgi-like juxtanuclear structure. Retention requires the presence of either a functional or a noncleavable GPI signal; hGH-DAF fusion proteins containing only the COOH-terminal hydrophobic domain (a component of the GPI signal) are secreted. Immunofluorescence analysis shows colocalization of the retained, uncleaved fusion proteins with both a Golgi marker and with p53, a marker of the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. Since N-linked glycosylation is postulated to facilitate the transport of proteins to the cell surface, we engineered a glycosylation site into hGH-DAF. Glycosylation failed to completely override the transport block, but allowed some uncleaved hGH-DAF to pass through the secretory pathway and acquire endoglycosidase H resistance. The retained molecules remained endoglycosidase H sensitive. We suggest that the uncleaved fusion protein is retained in a sorting compartment between the ER and the medial Golgi complex. We speculate that a mechanism exists to retain proteins containing an uncleaved GPI signal as part of a system for quality control.
Identification and characterization of DcUCGalT1, a galactosyltransferase responsible for anthocyanin galactosylation in purple carrot (Daucus carota L.) taproots

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Purple carrots ( Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) accumulate large amounts of cyanidin-based anthocyanins in their taproots. Cyanidin can be glycosylated with galactose, xylose and glucose in sequence by glycosyltransferases resulting in cyanidin 3-xylosyl (glucosyl) galactosides in purple carrots. The first step in the glycosylation of cyanidin is catalysis by UDP-galactose: cyanidin galactosyltransferase (UCGalT) transferring the galactosyl moiety from UDP-galactose to cyanidin. In the present study, a gene from ‘Deep purple’ carrot, DcUCGalT1 , was cloned and heterologously expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant DcUCGalT1 galactosylated cyanidin to produce cyanidin-3- O -galactoside and showed optimal activity for cyanidin at 30 °C and pH 8.6. It showed lower galactosylation activity for peonidin, pelargonidin, kaempferol and quercetin. It accepted only UDP-galactose as a glycosyl donor when cyanidin was used as an aglycone. The expression level of DcUCGalT1 was positively correlated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in carrots. The enzyme extractions from ‘Deep purple’ exhibited galactosylation activity for cyanidin, peonidin and pelargonidin, while those from ‘Kuroda’ (a non-purple cultivar) did not.
Acidic pH-Activatable Visible to Near-Infrared Switchable Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Live-Cell Lysosome Targeted Imaging

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Here, we have designed and synthesized acidic pH-activatable visible to NIR switchable ratiometric pH-sensitive fluorescent dye. The design consists of a cell-permeable organic probe containing a lysosome targeting morpholine functionality and an acidic pH-activatable oxazolidine moiety. The visible closed oxazolidine form (λabs 418 nm) can be switched to the highly conjugated NIR Cy-7 form (λabs 780 nm) through ring opening of the oxazolidine moiety at acidic pH. This switching of the ratiometric fluorescent probe is highly reversible and can be controlled by pH. NMR, UV/vis, and fluorescence spectroscopies allowed monitoring of pH switching behavior of the probe. This bioresponsive in situ acidic organelle activatable fluorophore showed reversible pH-switchable ratiometric optical properties, high photostability, huge bathochromic emission shift of 320 nm from basic to acidic pH, off-to-on narrow NIR absorption and emission bands with enhanced molar extinction coefficient at lysosomal pH, good quantum yield, low cytotoxicity, and targeted imaging ability of live cell lysosomes with ideal pKa. The report demonstrated ratiometric imaging with improved specificity of the acidic lysosome while minimizing signals at the NIR region from nontargeted neutral or basic organelles in human carcinoma HeLa and A549 as well as rat healthy H9c2(2-1) live cells, which is monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
R&D, Learning by Doing and Economic Growth

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the relation between technical progress and economic growth. We build a growth model where the technological change depends on investment in research and development. Growth is determined by the imitation in the first stage of development, then innovation takes place. Assimilation and adaptation of technology produced in more advanced country play a crucial role in technological catch-up, but this imitation requires a precondition, an investment in human capital. The later remains a crucial factor of growth after the catch-up. Government can favour the economic growth facilitating and stimulating the technological change.
Quantum kinetics and linear optical response of semiconductors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the influence of quantum-kinetic effects on the linear optical properties of semiconductors near the band edge. These effects arise from a non-Markovian treatment of the scattering terms in the semiconductor Bloch equations and result in a strong dependence of many-body effects on the energy. We compare with results using a Markovian approximation of scattering, where the many-body effects do not depend on energy and correspond to those in a quasi-particle approximation. We demonstrate, that within such a treatment both linewidth and shift of the exciton are strongly overestimated. Finally, the Mott density of excitons differs by a factor of two. The importance of the quantum-kinetic approach for the explanation of polariton-pulse propagation experiments is shown.
Dynamic response analysis of multi-excitation structure of electro-impulse deicing system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The principle and the working process of the electric pulse deicing system are simulated. The structural dynamic response of the skin under electromagnetic force excitation is given and the influence of single coil on the diaphragm vibration range is analyzed. The simulation and analysis of the diaphragm vibration of the same side and two side double coil deicing system are carried out and the vibration effect of the dislocation excitation at different time is compared. The effect of flat plate vibration under the action of the same side three coils is explored and effect of loading time on vibration effect is compared with excitation.
Photochromic Properties of Benzodixanthene Analogues Having Alkyl Group and Their Langmuir - Blodgett Films.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Benzo[1, 2, 3-kl : 4, 5, 6-k′l′]dixanthene having amino, methyl, and nitro group was synthesized from 1, 5-dichloroanthraquinone in four steps. After quaternization with iodo- alkane, photochromic properties of monolayers on water surface and LB films on quartz glass were investigated.
Respiratory patterns during sleep in Down's syndrome: importance of central apnoeas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Obstructive sleep apnoea episodes have been reported repeatedly in Down's syndrome (DS) patients as a consequence of the presence of predisposing malformations or intercurrent pathology of the upper airways. There are no data on respiratory patterns of uncomplicated Down's syndrome subjects. In order to evaluate the eventual effects of central nervous system (CNS) impairment on respiration in DS, we studied the respiratory patterns during sleep of a group of 10 DS subjects, aged 8.6–32.2 y, without relevant upper airway pathology. In order to control the possible effects of sleep structure and mental retardation on the results obtained, we compared the findings in DS with those obtained from a group formed by subjects affected by fragile X syndrome (six males and one female, aged 10.0–15.42 y), another genetically determined type of mental retardation. Sleep structure was similar in both groups; however, DS subjects showed significantly higher indices of central sleep apnoea and of oxygen desaturation than fragile X patients ( P <0.005). As far as DS individuals were considered, a significant preponderance of central, as opposed to obstructive, sleep apnoeas was found (89.4% vs. 9.4%, respectively; 1.2% were mixed) which showed a significant age‐related increase. Central respiratory pauses were mostly preceded by sighs, which occurred more frequently during sleep stages 1 and REM, and were often organized in long sequences of periodic‐like breathing. During REM sleep, they were less frequently preceded by sighs and by body movements than during NREM sleep. Obstructive sleep apnoeas occurred more often during REM sleep and were more rarely preceded by sighs or by body movements. Both central and obstructive apnoeas induced significant oxygen desaturation in 50–69.6%. Sleep structure was not significantly modified by apnoeas and oxygen desaturation. We hypothesize that the increase in central sleep apnoeas is related to a dysfunction of the central respiratory control at a brainstem level in DS.