jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Myogenesis in gene corrected induced pluripotent stem cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Patient specific induced pluripotent stem (IPS) cells are powerful tool for autologous cell therapy and tissue engineering. \nIPS cells can be generated from different tissue sources, including skin, muscle and fat. IPS cells generated from patients \nwith genetic disorders capture the disease genotype in the cell, making them a good model for studying the pathology of the \ndisease. In addition, provides suitable in vitro model for testing different therapeutic approaches like drug and gene therapies. \nFSHD is one of the most common inherited myopathies, caused by a contraction within a subtelomeric array of D4Z4 repeats \n4q35.2. It is characterized by atrophy of facial, shoulder and upper arm muscles. Within each D4Z4 repeat is embedded a double \nhomeobox gene (DUX4, double homeobox, chromosome 4). DUX4 is specifically detected in biopsy sample from FSHD patients. \nFurthermore, it was shown to be expressed in FSHD cultured myoblasts, but not in the cells from healthy donors. We showed that \nDUX4 expressed in high levels induced rapid cell death and in the low levels interfere with cell cycle. Furthermore missregulates \nmyogenesis by blocking terminal differentiation of myotubes. We generated IPS from myoblasts from seven FSHD patients and \ncontrols using four reprogramming factors, Sox2, Klf4, Oct4 and c-Myc. Generated IPS line were characterized by expression of \npluripotent markers and formation of teratomas. To have adequate cells for study the mechanism of FSHD and tissue engendering, \nwe corrected the affected locus by removing 4qA161 allele. We targeted FSHD-iPS cells using zinc finger nucleases and linear \ntargeting vector bearing a single homology arm, neo cassette and human artificial telomeric repeat. Expression analyses using RTPCR \nrevealed that selected neo resistant IPS clones did not transcript DUX4 as original FSHD-IPS cells. To derivate myoblast from \nIPS cells we had to recapitulate myogenesis during embryogenesis. Firstly, we generated mesenchymal cells using EB culturing \nsystem and cocktail of mesoderm specific growth factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (named IPS-MSC) were characterized by \nsurface markers CD73 and CD105, and ability for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Myoblasts were generated from \nIPS-MSC by transduction with Myf5. Stably transfected cells in proliferation medium were able to expand more than 20 passages. \nThey had typical myoblast surface marker and gene expression profile. Under specific conditions myoblast generated from IPS \ncells were able to fuse in terminally differentiated myotubes.
AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF TRYPADIM®, TRYPAMIDIUM® AND NOVIDIUM® ON THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON BODY TEMPERATURE AND SERUM CHEMISTRY IN WISTAR RATS INFECTED WITH TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI BRUCEI (FEDERE STRAIN)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Effect of intramuscular administration of Trypanocides on body temperature and serum chemistry in Wistar rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei was investigated. 25 Wistar rats with average body weights of 200-240±20 g were randomly divided into five groups. Group A was administered 0.5 mL of normal saline only, while group B was given 0.1 × 106 of T. brucei brucei only. Group C, D and E were inoculated with the same dose of the parasite as in group B and in addition, they were intramuscularly administered with 3.5 mg/kg b.w. of Trypadim® (Diminazene di-aceturate),1 mg/kg b.w. of Trypamidium® (Isometamidium chloride) and 1 mg/kg b.w. of Novidium® (Homidium chloride), respectively. Body temperature increased consistently in all groups except group A. However, there was a significant (p<0.05) difference in all treated groups compared to group B on 28day post-infection (DPI). All serum indicators increased significantly (p<0.05) in group B when compared to all other groups. Values observed for creatinine in all treated groups was only significantly (p<0.05) higher in group E when compared to group A. In conclusion, administered trypanocidal drugs possess anti-pyrexia activity and could off-set the negative effect of T.brucei.brucei on the measured serum chemistry in Wistar rats.
One Year Later: Global Impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine Departments; an International Follow-up Survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Aim: As a follow-up to the international survey conducted in April 2020, this survey aims to provide a situational snapshot of the COVID-19 impact on nuclear medicine services worldwide, one year later. The survey was designed to determine the impact of the pandemic at two specific time-points: June and October 2020 and compare them to the previously collected data.Materials and Methods: A web-based questionnaire, in the same format as the April 2020 survey was disseminated to nuclear medicine facilities worldwide. Survey data was collected using a secure software platform hosted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); it was made available for 6 weeks, from November 23 to December 31, 2020.Results: From 505 replies from 96 countries, data was extracted from 355 questionnaires (of which 338 were fully completed). The responses came from centres evenly distributed in different regions of the world and with different income status. Regional differences and challenges across the world were identified and analysed. Globally, the volume of nuclear medicine procedures decreased by 73.3% in June 2020 and 56.9% in October 2020. Among the nuclear medicine procedures, oncological PET studies showed less of a decline in utilization compared to conventional nuclear medicine and particularly nuclear cardiology. The impact was also significantly less in high-income countries. A trend towards a return to the pre-COVID-19 situation of the supply chains of radioisotopes, generators, and other essential materials was evident.Conclusion: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant reduction in nuclear medicine diagnostic and therapeutic procedures throughout 2020. In June, the global decline recorded in the survey was greater than in October when there was a slight improvement. However, the total number of procedures continued below that recorded in April 2020, and less than half of the volumes normally carried out before the pandemic
Wikis, semantics, and collaboration: Symposium on collaboration analysis and reasoning systems, at the 2014 conference on collaboration technologies and systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Designing software for collaborative sensemaking environments begins with a set of very challenging requirements. At a high level, the software needs to be flexible enough to support multiple lines of inquiry, contradictory hypotheses, and collaborative tasking by multiple analysts. It should also include support for managing evolving human/machine workflows and analytic products at various levels of strictness and formality, processing partial and ambiguous evidence arriving in streams, and developing explanatory scenarios based on both serendipitous and structured discovery. Eventually, it should support the analytic team as they evaluate multiple alternatives and converge on one or more consensus responses, while preserving the history and underlying reasoning. Finally, it should be delightful and simple to use, not require an inordinate degree of precision and exactness, and be quickly and inexpensively deployable in a variety of rapid-response analytic situations. It has not been possible thus far to create a single software architecture that adequately balances all these goals. However, we can shed useful light on this problem by looking at the experience of semantic wiki architectures: an emerging class of software that blends wikis, databases, social tagging systems, and Semantic Web representations.
Sum capacity of MIMO gaussian broadcast channels with channel energy constraints

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The motivation of this paper is to find the class of channels that provides the best sum capacity of a MIMO Gaussian broadcast channel with both transmit power and channel energy constraints when N t gesKN r , where N t , N r , and K denote the number of transmit antennas, the number of receive antennas, and the number of users in the system, respectively. The best sum capacity is achieved when the user channels are mutually orthogonal to each other. For each individual user, equal energy is distributed to all non-zero spatial eigenmodes. Further, we optimize the number of non-zero eigenmodes for all users and the optimal power distribution among users. Although, we only study the case of N t gesKN r in this paper, we conjecture that similar results still hold for N t r . The characteristics of the optimal channels can be used to direct antenna configurations
Drinker to Nursery Pig Ratio: Preference for a Drinker Location within a Pen and its Effects on Aggression

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objectives of this study were to (1) calculate aggressive interactions around the water bowl drinkers and to (2) determine preference for a water bowl location when pigs were offered either one, two or three water bowl drinkers per pen. Information is available on the current drinker to nursery pig’s ratios (drinker: pigs). In the UK producers are recommended 1:15, while in the US it is 1:10 for nursery pigs. A total of 225 crossbred were seven weeks of age. Conventional nursery pens had plastic flooring and all pigs had ad-libitum access to a commercially formulated diet. Water was delivered through a single stainless steel water bowl drinker and was provided ad libitum. All pigs received a natural light cycle from a curtain sided building. Nine pens were used for behavioral measures. Three treatments were compared. Treatment one (TRT 1; n = 3) was defined as one water bowl drinker per pen. Treatment two (TRT 2; n = 3) was defined as two water bowl drinkers per pen. Treatment three (TRT 3; n = 3) was defined as three water bowl drinkers per pen. One day prior to visual recording of drinking behavior, all pigs in a pen were identified with an individual number. One 12 V black and white CCTV camera was positioned over each water bowl drinker and behavior was recorded from 0700 to 1300 h over two consecutive days onto a DVR at 1 frame per second. The acquisition of drinking behavior (defined as the pig having its head in the water bowl drinker for 5 s or longer) was obtained by three experienced observers who viewed the recordings using 24 h mode (5 frame / s) onto the Observer software. Total number of aggressive interactions and length of aggression around the water bowl drinker over the 6 h period was not (P < 0.05) different between the treatments. The total amount of time that nursery pigs spent when offered two (F vs. O) water bowl drinkers in a pen did not (P = 0.47) differ. However, when pigs were offered three (F vs. O vs. A) water bowl drinkers in a pen there was a difference (P < 0.0001) for total amount of time spent at all three locations. In conclusion, pigs displayed a water bowl drinker preference with the alley location being the least favored however, there were no difference in the number or length of aggressive interactions.
Labour, Profit and Housing Rent Shares in Italian GDP: Long-Run Trends and Recent Patterns

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The share of labour increased in the first half of the 1970s, declined slowly to its 1960s level in 2001, and since then has been rising. Between 1975 and 2001, the decline in the labour share was due in part to the recovery in profits, and in part to a steady increase in housing rents on GDP, to 13% of value added (5% in 1975) and almost 40% of capital income (20% in the mid-1970s). Net of housing rents, the share of profits fell to a historical low during the great recession. In the business sector net of housing, recovery of the labour share, magnified by the recent recession, was evident in manufacturing and industries other than regulated sectors (energy, transport, communications and finance), where privatizations and changes to regulation provoked a marked drop in the labour share in the late 1990s. I tentatively explain the trend reversal in the labour share, which started well before the onset of the crises, as due to a compression in the mark-ups on marginal costs and the difficulty experienced by Italian firms to be rewarded for their innovation efforts (product quality upgrading)in a more competitive environment.
1 International Migration of Couples

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We develop a theoretical model regarding the migration of dual-earner couples and test it in the context of international migration. Our model predicts that the probability that a couple emigrates increases with the income of the primary earner, whereas the income of the sec-ondary earner may affect the decision in either direction. We conduct an empirical analysis that uses population-wide administrative data from Denmark, and the results are consistent with our model. We find that primary earners in couples are more strongly self-selected with respect to income than single persons. This novel result counters the intuition that fam-
Designing A Metadata-Driven Data Quality Framework for Healthcare: Propose A Framework that Leverages Metadata Management to Establish Robust Data Quality Standards in Healthcare Settings

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to provide deep insights about the metadata-driven healthcare data quality. This would solve digital health data quality challenges. Data correctness, consistency, and dependability matter more in healthcare. This solution improves data governance, sharing, and regulatory compliance through metadata. A comprehensive, systematic literature review analysis identified the most important hospital information management themes. The results demonstrate how information can enrich data and facilitate the use of AI and block chain technology. Healthcare institutions and research should use metadata-driven models, the article finds. This will enhance patient outcomes and healthcare data management.
No.253 Lymph Nodes Metastasis in Left-Sided Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis (CRLM) Patients: Incidence and Prognosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: No.253 lymph node is the gateway to systemic metastasis for left-sided colorectal cancer. However, the value of D3 resection is still controversial. This study aimed to identify the incidence rate and prognostic value of 253LN metastasis in patients with left-sided colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) mainly through blood vessels and thus to provide theoretical basis for 253LN resection. Methods: From February 2012 to February 2019, a total of 281 patients who underwent curative resection for both primary and metastatic tumors were collected retrospectively. The clinicopathological and genetic characteristics were compared between 58 patients with positive 253LN and 223 patients with negative. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared with Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression analysis and a forest plot were conducted for RFS. Results: The incidence of 253LN metastasis in left-sided CRLM was 20.64% (58/281). Those with 253LN positive were T4 stage, N2 stage, and D1/D2 lymph nodes metastatic. About 10.3% (8/78) 253LN positive patients were D1/D2 negative. The 253LN metastasis was an independent risk factor for relapse after curative surgery, but not for OS. Patients with 253LN metastasis had worse RFS, especially in female, adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated, pT3, preoperative serum CA199 < 37 U/mL, bilobar liver metastasis, without preoperative chemotherapy, KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF wild type. Conclusion: The incidence of 253LN metastasis in left-sided CRLM is 20.64%, and skip metastasis rate is 10.3%. The 253LN status is an independent prognostic risk factor for RFS but not for OS after curative surgery. Routine resection of 253LN should be applied in curative surgery of left-sided CRLM.
Jewish Comedy and the Contradictions of Culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In a fantastical and funny story by Philip Roth entitled "On the Air,"2 Milton Lippman, a talent scout, writes to Albert Einstein to ask if Einstein would agree to star on a radio program that Lippman hopes to negotiate with the networks, "The Jewish Answer Man." It will demonstrate to the world that "the Greatest Genius of all Time is a Jew." When his first approach to Einstein goes unanswered, Lippman bravely writes again: Dear Mr. Einstein: I can understand how busy you must be thinking, and appreciate that you did not answer my letter suggesting that I try to get you on a radio program that would make "The Answer Man" look like the joke it is. Will you reconsider, if the silence means no? I realize that one of the reasons you don't wear a tie or even bother to comb your hair is because you are as busy as you are, thinking new things. Well, don't think that you would have to change your ways once you become a radio personality. Your hair is a great gimmick, and I wouldn't change it for a second. It's a great trademark. Without disrespect, it sticks in your mind the way Harpo Marx's does. Which is excellent. (Now I wonder if you even have the time to know who The Marx Brothers are? They are four zany Jewish brothers, and you happen to look a little like one of them. You might get a kick out of catching one of their movies. Probably they don't even show movies in Princeton, but maybe you could get somebody to drive you out of town. You can get the entire plot in about a minute, but the resemblance between you and Harpo and his hair and yours, might reassure you that you are a fine personality in terms of show business just as you are.)
Taking Control of Prosthetic Arms

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

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Analysis of Sharia Hotel Standardization According to the Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI) Fatwa at Arabia Style Hotel

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the standardization of sharia hotels based on the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) Fatwa No. 108/DSN-MUI/X/2016 using the Balanced Scorecard approach, focusing on Hotel Arabia Style in Medan. The Balanced Scorecard was employed to evaluate the hotel’s performance from four perspectives: internal business processes, learning and growth, customer, and financial. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 13 employees and 20 guests of the hotel. The findings reveal that: (1) From the internal business process perspective, the hotel has implemented several sharia principles but lacks sufficient sharia supervision and still utilizes conventional banking services; (2) The learning and growth perspective shows that while the hotel has policies ensuring staff adhere to Islamic dress codes, it has yet to establish a Sharia Supervisory Board within its organizational structure, with employee satisfaction reaching 89.6%; (3) The customer perspective indicates a high customer satisfaction rate of 90%, demonstrating that the hotel successfully meets customer expectations, particularly in providing services in line with Islamic values; and (4) The financial perspective shows positive results across various measured aspects. This study recommends enhancing sharia supervision and restructuring the financial operations to better align with sharia principles
Analyzing startup ecosystem through corporate networks based on investment relation of venture capitals in unicorns

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We propose a method to build a corporate investment network based on the investment relationship between unicorns and venture capital (VC) and to analyze the characteristics of the startup ecosystem. Unicorns, unlisted startup companies with valuation of over $ 1 billion, are the leading drivers in innovation. For startup companies to grow into unicorns, it is important for them to be supported in startup ecosystem, where VCs play a very important role. In this research, we propose a method to build corporate investment networks of unicorns and VCs around the world, and to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of the relationship between the unicorns and the VCs and the diffusion of startup activities from inter-industry and international viewpoints, and the factors that affect the valuation value of unicorns and performance of VCs. The proposed method is able to quantitatively measure the characteristics of the startup ecosystem and effective to promote produce of unicorns.
Anti-HIV-1 Integrase Activity and Molecular Docking Study of Compounds fromCaesalpinia  sappanL.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Caesalpinia sappan L. (Caesalpiniaceae) has been traditionally used as blood tonic, expectorant, and astringent by boiling with water. Searching for HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors from this plant is a promising approach. The EtOH extract of C. sappan and its isolated compounds were tested for their anti-HIV-1 IN effect using the multiplate integration assay, and the active compounds were determined for their mechanisms by molecular docking technique. Extraction from the heartwoods and roots of C. sappan led to the isolation of nine compounds. Among the compounds tested, sappanchalcone (2) displayed the strongest effect against HIV-1 IN with an IC50 value of 2.3 μM followed by protosappanin A (9, IC50 = 12.6 μM). Structure-activity relationships of compounds from C. sappan were found, in which the vicinal hydroxyl moiety were essential for anti-HIV-1 IN effect of compounds 2 and 9 by binding with the amino acid residues Gln148 and Thr66 in the core domain of the HIV- 1 IN enzyme, respectively.