jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Research and Preparation Method of Flexible Tactile Sensor Material

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper studies conductive mechanism of the new pressure-sensitive conductive composite based on flexible tactile sensing, believes that conductive mechanism of the composite within percolation zone gives priority to quantum tunnel effect theory. Starting from the quantum tunnel effect theory it studies the relationship between pressure and resistance, and piezoresistive model could be established by using the quantum tunnel effect. Based on theory and experiment, through the analysis and research on the conductive characteristics of such new sensitive material with different content conductive fillers, the conductive mechanism could be obtained within the pressure sensitive range, which provides theoretical foundation for the study of such new flexible tactile sensing material. It also discusses the influence mechanism of the temperature to the conductivity of the pressure-sensitive conductive composite. Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) and negative temperature coefficient (NTC) characteristics of the pressure-sensitive conductive silicon rubber will appear in the heating process of one sample, which provides reference for the practical application of such new sensitive material. Whereas there is still a certain distance between the performances of the above flexible material compared with the requirements of sensor sensitive materials, therefore, this paper further studies the modification function of nano-SiO2 by adopting the special nature of nano materials. Since nowadays, the study on nanoparticles modified materials and nano materials' mechanical behavior is only in the early stage, which only detects the external manifestations of mechanical phenomena, far from the study on its internal mechanism [13]. Therefore, this paper mainly conducts experimental study and measurement on modification of pressure-sensitive conductive rubber after the addition of nano-SiO2 materials. The results show that the unique properties of nano-SiO2, the mechanical properties of pressure-sensitive conductive rubber, temperature performance and stability are significantly improved. As for the modified composites, we can improve the technical indicators of the produced tactile sensors to meet the requirement of tactile sensing. Further more, the compounding of nanoparticles and polymer modifies the heat-resistant and ageing resistance, and improves the properties of shock resistance and anti-fatigue. Flexible tactile sensor material, presented in this chapter, has both good tactile sensing function and flexibility, its preparation method is simple. Flexible tactile sensor based on this material can measure various tactile information of contact surface, which is expected to provide a new way of thinking and research methods of the flexible tactile sensor.
East Indian Adaptations on St. Vincent: Richland Park

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over the past 4 years, cancer immunotherapy has significantly prolonged survival time of patients with prostate cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, and liver cancer, but its side effects are also impressive. Different types of the immune therapeutic agents have different on-target or off-target toxicity due to high affinity or weak specificity, respectively. Treatment toxicity spectrums vary greatly even in patients with the same type of cancer. Common toxicities are fevers, chills, diarrhea colitis, maculopapular rash, hepatitis, and hormone gland disorder; therefore, routine monitoring of thyroid function, liver function, renal function, and complete blood count are absolutely necessary once treatment begins. Some side effects are reversible, and can be processed through the standard medicines. However, serious toxicities are lethal, which should be frequently followed-up, identified at an early stage and immediately symptomatic treated by high-dose immunosuppressors. In this case, thereafter, the same agent should not be challenged again.
Comparison of atenolol and propranolol during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effects of atenolol, a new beta1-blocking drug, on pulse rate, sweating, and blood glucose levels during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia were studied in a double-blind crossover trial in eight normal subjects using placebo and propranolol as reference agents. The intensity of induced hypoglycaemia was identical for atenolol, propranolol, and placebo. Propranolol prolonged hypoglycaemia, but atenolol did not. Atenolol may therefore be safe for use in patients receiving insulin.
Design, modeling and experimental investigation of a magnetically coupled flextensional rotation energy harvester

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Energy can be harvested from rotational motion for powering wireless autonomous electronic devices. In this paper, a novel magnetically coupled flextensional rotation energy harvester (MF-REH) is designed, with the advantages of high equivalent piezoelectric constant and high reliability. The coupled dynamical model is developed to describe the electromechanical transition. Effects of design parameters on rotation energy harvesting are analyzed. Simulations and experiments are carried out to evaluate the performances of the harvesters with various configurations under different rotating speeds. The experimental results verify that the developed mathematical model can be used to accurately characterize the MF-REHs with various configurations, in different conditions under various excitation. The experimental results indicate more excitation magnets and smaller excitation distance can significantly increase the harvested energy. For the harvester with one magnetically coupled flextensional transducer and two rotating magnets which produce repulsive forces, the maximum instantaneous power is 3.1 mW and the average power is 0.22 mW at 1000 rpm.
Investigation of a New Heat-Pipe/Latent-Heat-Storage Receiver Element for Solar Dynamic Space Power Systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new latent heat storage technique for space applications developed by the DLR-ITT uses LiF as the storage medium in graphite capsules with internal capillary notches to accomodate the volume change upon melting. The receivers of solar dynamic power systems (SDPS) may contain a large number of heat pipes carrying annular such storage capsules for very effective heat transfer and thermal storage. The thermal behavior of one of these heat-pipe/latent-heat-storage elements was investigated theoretically and shall be verified experimentally, both in a geometrically and energetically 1:1 scale with respect to a 25 kW<sub>e</sub> SDPS. This paper summarizes the most important theoretical predictions and describes the planned experiment. The theoretical results show that the required heat flows are essentially achievable but subject to variation with the state of charge of the heat storage units. The relevant temperatures vary in a similar manner.</div>
The use of geodetic measurements in the assessment of the technical condition of road pavement – case study

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Technical infrastructure is exposed to environmental impacts throughout its entire life cycle. For linear objects, such as roads, additional impacts resulting from their continuous use – vehicle traffic – are distinguished. Due to their communication function, these facilities are subject to ongoing condition monitoring. This procedure allows to identify any damage and indicate appropriate protective measures. Observations of the terrain as well as the road surface can be carried out using commonly used geodetic measurements. Cyclic monitoring applies especially to facilities in mining areas, where impacts in the form of continuous and discontinuous deformations significantly contribute to their damage. The research presents the results of selected geodetic measurements made on a deformed road surface affected by underground mining. The aim of the observations was to use both classic and modern measurement techniques to determine, among others, the shape of the surface or identify damage. The applied measurements included commonly used total station measurements and GNSS satellite positioning. Additionally, low-ceiling photogrammetry using an unmanned aerial vehicle and laser scanning were used to illustrate the shape of the road surface. Finally, a comparison was made of selected methods; their advantages and disadvantages allowed us to determine their usefulness in monitoring the condition of the pavement.
Design of an adaptive motors controller based on fuzzy logic using behavioural synthesis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper combines two advanced technologies, High-level synthesis and Fuzzy control, for the design of an adaptive multiple motor speed controller. The obtained solution compares favourably with classic methods in terms of design quality. The use of Fuzzy control allows to implement an original architecture which is faster and smaller then classical solution based on PID. The use of High-level synthesis results in a drastic acceleration of the design process. This paper presents the adaptive motor control application, the Fuzzy control approach and the results of the design using high-level synthesis.
Precision Medicine in Colorectal Cancer: Evolving Genomic Landscape and Emerging Consensus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Colorectal cancer is the third most lethal cancer in men and women in the USA. Although surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment, many patients develop local and widely metastatic disease and become resistant to conventional chemotherapeutics. Recent comprehensive molecular characterization has led to subclassification of colorectal adenocarcinoma based on molecular properties, such as microsatellite instability and high CpG island methylation. These emerging subclassifications are associate with varying frequencies of RAS, BRAF, APC and other genetic events and have the ability to redefine therapeutic regimens. In this review, we examine how molecular diagnostics are currently used while providing insight into emerging implications for molecular analysis for personalized therapy in colorectal cancer.
Cuplength estimates for time-periodic measures of Hamiltonian systems with diffusion

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We show how methods from Hamiltonian Floer theory can be used to establish lower bounds for the number of different time-periodic measures of time-periodic Hamiltonian systems with diffusion. After proving the existence of closed random periodic solutions and of the corresponding Floer curves for Hamiltonian systems with random walks with step width $1/n$ for every $n\in\mathbb{N}$, we show that, after passing to a subsequence, they converge in probability distribution as $n\to\infty$. Besides using standard results from Hamiltonian Floer theory and about convergence of tame probability measures, we crucially use that sample paths of Brownian motion are almost surely Hölder continuous with Hölder exponent $0<α<\frac{1}{2}$.
Analysis of Mobile Communications Services for Internet of Things in Romania

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the development of Information Technology and Communications (IT&C) industry, more and more electronic devices are connected to the Internet, which is defined as Internet of Things (IoT). The main objective of this paper is to identify the best mobile Internet provider which will be used further to implement a Remote Monitoring System (RMS) for an Electric Vehicle (EV). Statistical data reports of Romanian National Authority for Administration and Regulation in Communications (ANCOM) are analyzed and compared to extract information relevant to the knowledge level of final users in Romania about the use of IoT. Indicators such as the degree of use of IoT devices, the attitude towards IoT, the consumer behavior, and their expectations from IoT and 5G technology were used. The analysis of communication services offered by the four main Romanian mobile Internet Service Providers (ISP) is conducted based on statistical data measured by the ANCOM Netograf platform during the period 2010-2020. The disadvantage of the Netograf platform is that it shows data only for a single provider at a time. Our performance comparison is made for all providers in terms of download speed, upload speed, transfer delay, delay variation, and loss rate. Also, the data are compared based on the subscription type (postpaid/prepaid). Finally, the best provider is identified, which will be used further for the above mentioned objective.
Clinical and Serological Variation between Patients Infected with Different Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has eight genotypes which have distinct geographical distributions. Studies comparing differences in the clinical outcomes of infections caused by strains with genotype-related variations in the HBV genome have largely compared genotypes B and C and genotypes A and D but not all four genotypes. The present study included 196 HBV-infected patients attending an infectious diseases outpatient clinic in Sweden. The age and geographic origin, liver function, HBeAg and anti-HBe status, and the presence or absence of HBV DNA were analyzed for each patient. HBV DNA was detected in 144 patients, and the HBV genotype and the core promoter and precore sequences were determined for the isolates from 101 of these patients. Among the patients who might be considered most likely to be nonviremic, namely, anti-HBe-positive HBV carriers with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, 65% had detectable HBV DNA and were thus viremic. Among the viremic patients, HBeAg-positive patients were more likely to have elevated ALT levels than anti-HBe-positive patients. HBV genotypes A to F were represented in the study, and their distributions coincided accurately with the origin of the patient. A significantly higher number of genotype D-infected patients were anti-HBe positive and had elevated ALT levels (42% of genotype D-infected patients but 0% of patients infected with genotypes B and C). Genotype D strains with mutations in the core promoter and precore regions were significantly correlated with elevated ALT levels in the patients. The differences were not age related. Therefore, in this large-scale cross-sectional study, genotype D appears to be associated with more active disease.
Layered Double Hydroxide‐based Nanomaterials as Highly Efficient Catalysts and Adsorbents

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a class of anion clays consisting of brucite‐like host layers and interlayer anions, which have attracted increasing interest in the fields of catalysis/adsorption. By virtue of the versatility in composition, morphology, and architecture of LDH materials, as well as their unique structural properties (intercalation, topological transformation, and self‐assembly with other functional materials), LDHs display great potential in the design and fabrication of nanomaterials applied in photocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, and adsorption/separation processes. Taking advantage of the structural merits and various control synthesis strategies of LDHs, the active center structure (e.g., crystal facets, defects, geometric and electronic states, etc.) and macro–nano morphology can be facilely manipulated for specific catalytic/adsorbent processes with largely enhanced performances. In this review, the latest advancements in the design and preparation of LDH‐based functional nanomaterials for sustainable development in catalysis and adsorption are summarized.
Visualizing virus population variability from next generation sequencing data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Advances in genomic sequencing techniques allow for larger scale generation and usage of sequence data. While these techniques afford new types of analysis, they also generate new concerns with regards to data quality and data scale. We present a tool designed to assist in the exploration of the genetic variability of the population of viruses at multiple time points and in multiple individuals, a task that necessitates considering large amounts of sequence data and the quality issues inherent in obtaining such data in a practical manner. Our design affords the examination of the amount of variability and mutation at each position in the genome for many populations of viruses. Our design contains novel visualization techniques that support this specific class of analysis while addressing the issues of data aggregation, confidence visualization, and interaction support that arise when making use of large amounts of sequence data with variable uncertainty. These techniques generalize to a wide class of visualization problems where confidence is not known a priori, and aggregation in multiple directions is necessary.
Body Image in Dancers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Body Image in Dancers\n\nIntroduction\n\nUnderstanding how a dancer’s self-perception can differentiate skilled dancers versus dancers not living up to her/his full potential. Knowing ways to help make an environment better for dancers can help end warped thinking in the way they perceive themselves. Obviously, it could depend on the genre and age of the dancer. Society may look at dancers a certain way, which could lead to eating disorders in response to social pressures. Three measurements were used for the purpose of this study: The NEO-PI Big Five, Social Physique Anxiety Scale, and Sports Anxiety Scale. The NEO-PI Big Five (Costa & McCrae, 1985) measures openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, and agreeableness; these were used to determine the personality of the subjects. The Social Physique Anxiety Scale (Hart, Leary & Rejesky, 1989) measures social anxiety related to the physique of the dancer. Additionally, the Sports Anxiety Scale (Smith, Smoll & Schutz, 1990) measures somatic trait anxiety and two cognitive trait anxieties (worry and concentration disruption), which were used to determine the anxiety level in the participants. These three measurements were used to determine if there was a correlation between dancers and their body image. \n\nMethod\n\nThe subjects of this study were fifty-seven undergraduate female dancers attending a large state university in the southwest who volunteered to participate. The participants responded to a test booklet that contained a brief coversheet where they were asked to indicate their preferred dance genre (ballet, ballroom, hip hop, jazz, modern, or tap). The dancers were also asked to respond to the NEO-PI Big Five Inventory (sixty items), the SPAS (twelve items), and the SAS (twenty-one items). SAS statistical procedures were used to analyze the resulting data. \n\nResults\n\nThe Statistical Systems (SAS) Multiple Regression Analyses procedures were employed in order to determine the relationship between the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS), the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the Big Five Scale. The Big Five Neuroticism scale was a significant predictor of the SPAS construct (F(5,51) = 4.97, p<.009, r2=.33), the Somatic Anxiety subscale (F(5,51) = 3.90, p<.004, r2=.28), and the Worry measure (F (5,51) = 7.92, p<.0001, r2=.33). The Welch’s t test (for unequal sample sizes and unequal variances) was used to compare the participants’ Big Five scale means to T-score means (M=50, STD=10; n=774). Created from a diverse sample of college students, the dancers scored significantly higher (p<.01) than the normative sample on the Big Five Openness (M=54.0 vs. 50) and Neurotic (M=56 vs. 50) scales. No significant differences were noted between the participants and the normative sample for the Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Agreeableness Big Five scales (the dance participants score at or very near the T-score means on these variables).
Effect of Choline on Yeast Bioassay of Inositol.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Growth inhibition of S. carlsbergensis, caused by choline during routine inositol assays has been described. The effect was noted at a choline to inositol molar concentration of 0.3 to 1 and maximum inhibition was reached at a ratio of 15:1. Similar inhibition occurred with dimethylamino ethanol but was not observed with ethanolamine, serine, betaine, methionine or choline phos-pholipides. For assay purposes, this inhibition was corrected for by the addition of comparable amounts of choline to the standard inositol tubes.
Nenitzescu 5‐Hydroxyindole Synthesis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Although Nenitzescu is known for several indole construction methods, he is most recognized for the reaction between benzoquinones and ethyl ß-aminocrotonate leading to 5- hydroxyindole esters. The major alternative mechanism of the Nenitzescu indole synthesis is that proposed by Steck and colleagues, which involves the initial obvious condensation of the aminocrotonate nitrogen with the benzoquinone carbonyl group. Patrick and Saunders found that nitromethane solvent greatly improved the efficiency of the condensation between ß-aminocrotonates and 1,4- benzoquinones. Velezheva and coworkers described the Lewis acid– catalyzed Nenitzescu indolization using zinc iodide in dichloromethane, later improved to the use of zinc chloride. Lin and colleagues expanded the Nenitzescu indole synthesis to include a wide variety of 1,3-diazaheterocyclefused. Ozaki, Kim, and colleagues fashioned the indole ring from 1,4-cyclohexanedione and N-protected a-amino aldehydes in what might be construed as a variation on the Nenitzescu indole synthesis.
Automated Overlay of Infrared and Visual Medical Images using Skin Detection and Image Registration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Thermal infrared imaging is used to capture the temperature distribution of the human skin and employed in various medical applications. Often visual images are taken in conjunction with thermograms. Clinicians are interested to cross-reference the infrared and visual images of a patient, either to see which part of the anatomy is affected by a certain disease or to judge the efficacy of treatment. In this paper, we show that image registration techniques can be used effectively to generate such an overlay of visual and thermal infrared images to provide a useful visualisation. Following a skin detection step, which segments areas corresponding to the patient in the visual image, registration techniques, either intensity- or landmarkbased, are employed to accurately align the two images. The proposed approach is shown to be effective for a variety of applications, ranging from clinical studies such as monitoring the evolution of lesions in dermatology (psoriasis, dermatitis) or in immunology (scleroderma, lupus), to the most innovative applications of functional infrared imaging, like emotion recognition through a combination of infrared imaging-based computation of autonomic responses and facial expression recognition.