jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Seat belt pre-pretensioner effect on child-sized dummies during run-off-road events

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Objective: Run-off-road events occur frequently and can result in severe consequences. Several potential injury-causing mechanisms can be observed in the diverse types of run-off-road events. Real-world data show that different types of environments, such as rough terrain, ditch types, and whether multiple events occur, may be important contributing factors to occupant injury. Though countermeasures addressing front seat occupants have been presented, studies on rear seat occupant retention in situations such as run-off-road events are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the seat belt pre-pretensioner effect on rear-seated child-sized anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) during 2 different types of run-off-road events. Methods: The study was carried out using 2 test setups: a rig test with a vehicle rear seat mounted on a multi-axial robot simulating a road departure event into a side ditch and an in-vehicle test setup with a Volvo XC60 entering a side ditch with a grass slope, driving inside the ditch, and returning back to the road from the ditch. Potential subsequent rollovers or impacts were not included in the test setups. Three different ATDs were used. The Q6 and Q10 were seated on an integrated booster cushion and the Hybrid III (HIII) 5th percentile female was positioned directly on the seat. The seat belt retractor was equipped with a pre-pretensioner (electrical reversible retractor) with 3 force level settings. In addition, reference tests with the pre-pretensioner inactivated were run. Kinematics and the shoulder belt position were analyzed. Results: In rig tests, the left-seated ATD was exposed to rapid inboard lateral loads relative to the vehicle. The displacement for each ATD was reduced when the pre-pretensioner was activated compared to tests when it was inactivated. Maximum inboard displacement occurred earlier in the event for all ATDs when the pre-pretensioner was activated. Shoulder belt slip-off occurred for the Q6 and Q10 in tests where the pre-pretensioner was inactivated. During in-vehicle tests, the left-seated ATD was exposed to an inboard movement when entering the road again after driving in the ditch. The maximum inboard head displacement was reduced in tests where the pre-pretensioner was activated compared to tests in which it was inactivated. Conclusions: During both test setups, the activation of the pre-pretensioner resulted in reduced lateral excursion of the Q6, Q10, and HIII 5th percentile female due to the shoulder belt remaining on the shoulder and supporting the side of the lower torso. The results provide new insights into the potential benefits of using a pre-pretensioner to reduce kinematic responses during complex run-off-road events through supporting the seat belt to remain on the shoulder. This study addresses potential countermeasures to improve real-world protection of rear-seated children, and it provides a broader perspective including the influence of precrash kinematics.
Effect of biomagnetic signal processing on source localization estimated by means of statistical source distributions

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Signal preprocessing in biomagnetic data, prior to source localization, includes for example algorithms for noise suppression or separation of signals from different sources. Such algorithms usually do not achieve their purpose ideally, but leave a rest of distortion in the data, or even may introduce new distortions. Statistical source distributions are used in this simulation study as a tool to estimate the effect of a signal processing step on source localization accuracy. The method is described and the result of the application to a noise suppression algorithm is shown.
Retracted on February 24, 2022 : Big Data Platform Construction of Ideological and Political Education under Information Technology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

NOTICE OF RETRACTION: While investigating potential publication-related misconduct in connection with the ICIMTech 2021 Conference Proceedings, serious concerns were raised that cast doubt on the integrity of the peer-review process and all papers published in the Proceedings of this Conference. The integrity of the entire Conference has been called into question. As a result, of its investigation, ACM has decided to retract the Entire Conference Proceedings and all related papers from the ACM Digital Library.
The effects of auxiliary substances used in doping on male sexual reproductive function

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Using pharmacological substances to enhance athletic performance, known as doping, is widespread in sports and bodybuilding. Doping involves substances such as anabolic steroids, selective androgen receptor modulators, peptide hormones, beta-2 adrenergic agonists, and other auxiliary substances that temporarily enhance physical performance. Although perceived as safer alternatives to traditional steroids, they pose significant health risks, including on male reproductive function. The literature was reviewed using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, Out of 296 articles published until 2024, 30 were included in the study providing data on the effects of these substances on sexual-reproductive function. Although SARMs do not have adverse effects like steroids, their excessive use can suppress endogenous testosterone production, affecting spermatogenesis. Peptide hormones and beta-2 adrenergic agonists can disrupt hormonal balance, affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, suppressing the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Myostatin inhibitors and excessive consumption of amino acid derivatives can cause hormonal imbalances and oxidative stress, affecting the quality of seminal material. Auxiliary substances with anabolic effects used in doping can have significant adverse effects on male reproductive health, such as suppression of the HPG axis, decreased testosterone, and impaired spermatogenesis. Further studies are needed to understand the exact mechanisms and long-term impact of these substances on reproductive health.
Fluctuational-electrodynamic theory and dynamics of heat transfer in multiple dipolar systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A general fluctuational-electrodynamic theory is developed to investigate radiative heat exchanges between objects which are assumed small compared with their thermal wavelength (dipolar approximation) in N-body systems immersed in a thermal bath. This theoretical framework is applied to study the dynamic of heating/cooling of three-body systems. We show that many-body interactions allow to tailor the temperature field distribution and to drastically change the time scale of thermal relaxation processes.
Decrypting the Immune Symphony for RNA Vaccines

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine technology has revolutionized the field of immunization, offering a non-infectious, non-genome-integrating platform that addresses many limitations of traditional vaccine modalities. Recent advancements in chemical modifications, delivery systems, and manufacturing processes have enhanced the stability, efficacy, and safety of RNA-based therapeutics, expanding their application beyond infectious diseases to include genetic disorders, cancer, and rare diseases. Central to the success of RNA vaccines is their ability to orchestrate a finely tuned immune response, leveraging both innate and adaptive immunity to achieve robust and durable protection. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the immunological mechanisms underpinning RNA vaccine efficacy, with a focus on the roles of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) in sensing exogenous RNA, the impact of RNA modifications and manufacturing impurities on innate immune activation, and the subsequent cytokine and chemokine milieu that shapes adaptive responses. We also discuss the dual role of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems as both carriers and adjuvants, highlighting their contribution to the vaccine’s immunogenicity and reactogenicity profile. Understanding these complex immune interactions is critical for optimizing RNA vaccine design, minimizing adverse effects, and expanding their therapeutic potential. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the immune symphony orchestrated by RNA vaccines and to identify key areas for future research to further refine and expand the utility of this transformative technology.
Reaction of Tantalum–Alkyne Complexes with Isocyanates or Acyl Cyanides. Stereoselective Functionalization of Carbon–Carbon Triple Bonds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Treatment of alkynes with low-valent tantalum derived from TiCl5 and zinc produces tantalum-alkyne complexes (not isolated), which react in situ with phenyl isocyanate (or butyl isocyanate) to give (E)-α,β-unsaturated amides stereoselectively. The tantalum–alkyne complexes also react with acyl cyanides in the presence of BF3·OEt2 to give α-cyanohydrins. In both reactions, filtration of the reaction mixture containing the tantalum–alkyne complexes before addition of isocyanates (or acyl cyanides) is indispensable to obtain good yields.
‘Be Like Water’: Reflections on Strategies Developing Cross-Cultural Programmes for Women, Surfing and Social Good

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As momentum around surfing builds with over 35 million surfers globally and the sport rapidly growing in developing countries, how can we better understand the benefits of surfing and acknowledge its differential effect on minority participants, in particular for females, in diverse cultural and economic settings? Through the delivery of a surf initiative in Iran with young pioneering sportswomen, surfing has become a sport initiated by women and a medium that both challenges and connects across gender, class, ethnic and religious divides within the country. This chapter draws from the author's experience developing and co-creating the 'Be Like Water' initiative with women in Iran, a programme that draws on the notion of blue space or water environments as a powerful medium for health and wellbeing. How the more sensuous qualities of surfing are used to create alternative and transformative ways of learning and doing surfing that challenge dominant surfing identities and practices are discussed. In conclusion, the impact of opening up to and creating accessibility to other possibilities through a lifestyle sport like surfing as a way to challenge social and gender barriers are outlined.
A comparative approach for classifying retinal OCT images based on deep learning framework

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Convolutional Networks are category of deep optimizing networks used to interpret images in Deep Learning concepts. Image recognition and medical image analysis are two areas where they are useful. The increasing scale of clinical feature spaces is raising a significant obstacle, creating issues with extensive database management, and afterward compiling those repositories for retrieval and storage, that could only be addressed using content based medical image retrieval systems. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a deep CNN architecture for retrieving research and clinical images quickly and efficiently for identifying multi-class retinal disease objects. To train the network, the datasets used are inter-modal and divided into 4 groups. The transfer learning method is used for the multi-classification of retinal images. Another augmentation technique is used for comparing the accuracy, precision, and evaluation metrics with the transfer learning method. The accuracy of 97.1%, with a recall of 97.2%, and a precision of 97.0% was achieved in research that is higher when compared with the previous methods that were deployed. With the augmentation technique, it achieved an accuracy of 94.0% with a 94.6% precision and a recall of 95.1% for the testing data which suggests that decreasing the size of data did not impact the accuracy of the model. The proposed model helps diagnose various categories of medical images for the development of a comprehensive system that can work better than the human experts and help to detect and diagnose various diseases in the medical and clinical fields.
A System, Society, and Community Perspective on Genocide

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The question of why the international community continually fails to prevent genocide remains an ever-present concern. Genocide scholars question how the political will of the politically unwilling remains unaltered by the genocides in Rwanda and Darfur. However, it appears that little consider- ation has been given to the fact that genocide is open to interpretation. By this I mean that all scho- lars and policy makers have a view of the world which shapes their understanding of genocide within it. This is important because it helps explain why actors at the international level perceive genocide prevention in a radically different light from one another. With this in mind, the article uses the concepts of an international system, an international society, and an international com- munity to demonstrate how one’s worldview has implications on how one understands genocide. These three perspectives help underline the complexities involved as genocide prevention remains dependent on a consensus being forged among actors who do not share a common worldview.
[A case of posterior cerebral artery giant aneurysm with xanthochromic content].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We reported a case of posterior cerebral artery giant aneurysm with xanthochromic content. A 28-year-old male patient was admitted to our department suffering from lapses into unconsciousness once a month for the previous two years and a half. CT scan demonstrated a mass 2 cm in diameter in the right ambient cistern. The density of the inside of the mass was low, and that of outer border was high. The mass was not enhanced. MRI demonstrated that the intensity of the inside of the mass was low, and the outer part was iso-low in the T1 weighted image, while the inside was high and the outer part low in the T2 weighted image. Cerebralangiography showed an aneurysm of 5 mm in diameter at the bifurcation of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and the posterior inferior temporal artery. There was occlusion of the PCA. Accordingly, we diagnosed it as a calcified giant aneurysm with fluid-like content, and carried out surgery using the extended subtemporal approach. Inside the very stiff yellow-white wall of the aneurysm, there was only xanthochromic fluid without thrombus, and the structure of the aneurysm was cystic. The aneurysm was resected following neck clipping. After the operation, the patient's lapses into unconsciousness were able to be well controlled with anticonvulsants, and he left our department without any neurological deficit about a month afterwards. The histological findings of the specimen show the inner wall of the artery. Cases of giant aneurysms with xanthochromic content have rarely been reported. Only two are recorded, and this is the first case diagnosed using MRI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fidas measurements of total aerosol number concentration and number size distributions in summertime in Narsaq, South Greenland during Greenfjord 2023

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract and dataset contents: This dataset provides aerosol particle number size distributions (dN/dlogDp) covering optical diameters from 0.191 to 93.057 μm, along with total aerosol number concentrations (cm⁻³), recorded at 30-second resolution. Measurements were conducted using an optical particle counter (Fidas Frog, Palas, Karlsruhe, Germany). Measurements were carried out at the Narsaq International Research Station (NIRS) in southern Greenland (60.9158°N, 46.0533°W, 17 m above sea level) during the Greenfjord campaign in June-August 2023. Metadata is provided in the file ‘metadata_Fidas.doc’, the bin diameters are provided in ‘fidas_bin_boundaries.csv’. Briefly, the dataset named ‘fidas.csv’ includes: Datetime Normalsed number concentration per (dN/dlogDp) Pollution flag to inform data user when short-lived spikes can be found in the data from local anthropogenic pollution Inlet relative humidity (RH) flag to inform the data user when the RH in the inlet system reached over 40 % Funding acknowledgements: This work was supported by funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation grant no. 200021_212101, the Swiss Polar Institute grant no. SPI-FLAG-2021-002 Greenfjord, and the ENAC Flagship 2022 ECO-Plains.
Employee silence in health care: Charting new avenues for leadership and management

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Issue Health care management is faced with a basic conundrum about organizational behavior; why do professionals who are highly dedicated to their work choose to remain silent on critical issues that they recognize as being professionally and organizationally significant? Speaking-up interventions in health care achieve disappointing outcomes because of a professional and organizational culture that is not supportive. Critical Theoretical Analysis Our understanding of the different types of employee silence is in its infancy, and more ethnographic and qualitative work is needed to reveal the complex nature of silence in health care. We use the sensemaking theory to elucidate how the difficulties to overcoming silence in health care are interwoven in health care culture. Insight/Advance The relationship between withholding information and patient safety is complex, highlighting the need for differentiated conceptualizations of silence in health care. We present three Critical Challenge points to advance our understanding of silence and its roots by (1) challenging the predominance of psychological safety, (2) explaining how we operationalize sensemaking, and (3) transforming the role of clinical leaders as sensemakers who can recognize and reshape employee silence. These challenges also point to how employee silence can also result in a form of dysfunctional professionalism that supports maladaptive health care structures in practice. Practice Implications Delineating the contextual factors that prompt employee silence and encourage speaking up among health care workers is crucial to addressing this issue in health care organizations. For clinical leaders, the challenge is to valorize behaviors that enhance adaptive and deep psychological safety among teams and within professions while modeling the sharing of information that leads to improvements in patient safety and quality of care.
Over-the-Counter Drugs and Complementary Medications Use among Children in Southern Italy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The use of nonprescription medicines (NPDs) for children illnesses without a doctor’s suggestion can lead to unnecessary medication use and is not free of risks. The aim of our study was to examine attitudes and practice of parents towards NPDs use for their children. We also investigated the conditions that may predict NPDs use. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on parents of children attending Community Based Pediatrician (CBP) consultation and data were collected through structured interviews. Positive attitude on NPDs use was reported by 71.4% of parents, and 61.5% of them had administered NPDs in the previous 6 months. Antipyretic drugs were the most frequently used medication class without the supervision of the CBP. A positive attitude towards NPDs was significantly more frequent in parents who did not use the CBP as the sole source of information about drugs. The study demonstrated a widespread use of NPDs in children in our context, supported by a substantial positive attitude towards their safety. However, considering potential harms related to some NPDs and the finding that most parents rely on CBP advice, role of CBP on appropriate use of NPDs by parents should be emphasized.
Male Sexual Coercion in Response to Mate Infidelity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The power to restrain women’s sexuality has taken many forms. Historically, men have been entitled and even encouraged to reprimand their wives physically, and forced sex was not excluded as a means of rebuke and control. Marital rape, which many have been considered an oxymoron as one could not rape something owned, has been used to punish a woman judged to be unfaithful. The long list of restraints and coercive acts served the ultimate purpose of limiting women’s sexual access, or desirability, to competing males. To better understand these processes, this chapter explores the often brutal but evolutionarily old control strategies that have been deployed when males have feared or suspected infidelity. Intimate partner violence is often paired with sexual coercion when female infidelity is suspected. Sexual coercion is one of several methods of mate guarding, preventing or avenging cuckoldry. The variables that affect the decision to apply coercive methods and other tactics of mate guarding are discussed. Research is presented indicating sexual selection pressures (i.e., evolution) is the ultimate cause of forced in-pair copulation, notwithstanding the proximate causes of religion, culture, traditions, thoughts, feelings, and beliefs of the men and women involved in the dynamic of sexual coercion in response to real or perceived female infidelity. Case studies of couples experiencing the dynamics of female infidelity and male sexual coercion are presented, along with an evolutionarily informed cognitive therapy that may provide a useful treatment mechanism.
Emotions and encounters with healthcare professionals as predictors for the self-estimated ability to return to work: a cross-sectional study of people with heart failure

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To live with heart failure means that life is delimited. Still, people with heart failure can have a desire to stay active in working life as long as possible. Although a number of factors affect sick leave and rehabilitation processes, little is known about sick leave and vocational rehabilitation concerning people with heart failure. This study aimed to identify emotions and encounters with healthcare professionals as possible predictors for the self-estimated ability to return to work in people on sick leave due to heart failure. Design A population-based cross-sectional study design was used. Setting The study was conducted in Sweden. Data were collected in 2012 from 3 different sources: 2 official registries and 1 postal questionnaire. Participants A total of 590 individuals were included. Statistics Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and linear multiple regression analysis were used. Results 3 variables, feeling strengthened in the situation (β=−0.21, p=0.02), feeling happy (β=−0.24, p=0.02) and receiving encouragement about work (β=−0.32, p≤0.001), were identified as possible predictive factors for the self-estimated ability to return to work. Conclusions To feel strengthened, happy and to receive encouragement about work can affect the return to work process for people on sick leave due to heart failure. In order to develop and implement rehabilitation programmes to meet these needs, more research is needed.