jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
TNFR1 controls apoptosis and chronic liver disease in hepatocyte-specific IKKγ (Nemo) mice.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Death receptor-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis is implicated in a wide range of liver diseases including viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, fulminant hepatic failure, cholestatic liver injury and cancer. Deletion of NF-ĸB essential modulator in hepatocytes (NemoΔhepa) causes the spontaneous development of hepatocellular carcinoma preceded by steatohepatitis in mice and thus serves as an excellent model for the progression from chronic hepatitis to liver cancer. In the present study we aimed to dissect the death-receptor mediated pathways that contribute to liver injury in NemoΔhepa mice. Therefore, we generated NemoΔhepa/TRAIL-/- and NemoΔhepa/TNFR1-/- animals and analyzed the progression of liver injury. NemoΔhepa/TRAIL-/- displayed a similar phenotype to NemoΔhepa mice characteristic of high apoptosis, infiltration of immune cells, hepatocyte proliferation and steatohepatitis. These pathophysiological features were significantly ameliorated in NemoΔhepa/TNFR1-/- livers. Hepatocyte apoptosis was increased in NemoΔhepa and NemoΔhepa/TRAIL-/- mice while NemoΔhepa/TNFR1-/- animals showed reduced cell death concomitant with a strong reduction in pJNK levels. Cell cycle parameters were significantly less activated in NemoΔhepa/TNFR1-/- livers. Additionally, markers of liver fibrosis and indicators of tumour progression were significantly decreased in these animals. The present data demonstrate that the death receptor TNFR1 but not TRAIL is important in determining progression of liver injury in hepatocyte-specific Nemo knockout mice.
Study of the Effect of Sodium-μ2-Dithiosulphate-Tetranitrosyl Diferrate Tetrahydrate on the Structure of Mitochondrial Membranes Isolated from Epicotyls of Pea Seedlings

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nitric oxide is a signaling molecule of plants under stressful conditions, and also this molecule can have a toxic effect. This study focused on investigation of a dose-dependent effect of the nitric oxide donor, sodiumμ2-dithiosulphate-tetranitrosyl diferrate tetrahydrate, on the structural state of mitochondrial membranes of epicotyls of pea seedlings. Treatment of mitochondria with 10–8 M of this drug led to thermo-induced structural transitions within the temperature range from 15°C to 21°C and from 30°C to 36°C in the lipid regions, and within the temperature range from 12°C to 15°C and from 27°С to 33°С in preprotein regions of membranes. In the lipid regions of the membranes, the compound exhibited antioxidant activity, leading to accumulation of long unsaturated fatty acids. Treatment of mitochondria with 10–4 M sodium-μ2-dithiosulphatetetranitrosyl diferrate tetrahydrate most likely led to a significant increase of the lipid peroxidation level and membrane lipid phase fluidity.
A Multi-Polynomial CRC Circuit for 5G Standard Using Parallel Pipelining Architecture

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposed a novel parallel pipelining multi-polynomial CRC circuit for high speed data calculation in 5G wireless communication while remaining efficient hardware resource usage, which can dynamically switch calculation between multiple CRC polynomials. The proposed CRC circuit is designed using VHDL and synthesis results are valided on Altera (Intel) Stratix IV FPGA (EP4SGX230KF40C2).
Maternity and Gynaecology services during COVID-19 crisis in Jordan: Challenges and solutions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

COVID-19 pandemic has spread all over the world over the last few months.COVID-19 is an infectious condition and can spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another.It involves the respiratory tract system and is caused by the newly discovered corona-virus, known previously as "2019 novel coronavirus", first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.As of April 30.2020, nearly 3,200,000 people across the globe have been infected with this virus with approximately over 230,000 confirmed deaths globally.[1][6] Jordan is a Middle-Eastern country with approximately 10 million people, it is considered an upper-middleincome country, according to the World Bank.According to the Centre for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University[1] and world health Organization (WHO) website[2], the first case in Jordan was reported on March the 2 nd , 2020.The total number of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Jordan as of April 30 th , was 451 (Figure 1), with 8 deaths, 5 patients in critical condition, and 362 patients having recovered from the disease.The Jordanian government made swift changes to address this crisis.Starting March 14 th , 2020, Jordan suspended study in schools and universities, stopped gatherings in places of worship, closed its borders, and stopped all incoming and outgoing flights.This was later followed by an enforced complete lockdown (curfew).Five thousand Jordanians-who later flew into Jordan-were placed in quarantine in hotels in the Dead Sea region and in Amman for 14 days.The Ministry of Health assigned a few major hospitals in Jordan as referral centres for patients with COVID-19; one in the north, which is our hospital -King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH)-and others in the middle and southern parts of the country.Our institution, KAUH, is a tertiary canter with 683 beds, expandable to 800 beds during emergencies [3].It is the teaching hospital affiliated with Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) School of Medicine, one of the leading medical schools in Jordan and the region [4].KAUH is the only referral centre
Evaluation of Tunisian milk quality in dairy herds: Inter‐relationship between chemical, physical and hygienic criteria

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract The objective of this paper was to evaluate the global milk quality in T unisian dairy herds. Samples of milk were analyzed for chemical, physical and hygienic parameters. Milk total solids, fat content and density were consistently correlated and one of them can be used as a chemical indicator of milk quality. The somatic cell count value of 689 × 10 3 /mL was higher than the recommended threshold. All milk samples were positive for the major pathogen S taphylococcus aureus . These hygienic parameters were related more closely with chloride content, minerals and electrical conductivity, which allows them to be used as indicators of mammary gland infection. It was concluded that milk producers have at hand rapid and easy tools for assessing the overall quality of milk.
Uncertainty-aware Parameter-Efficient Self-training for Semi-supervised Language Understanding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The recent success of large pre-trained language models (PLMs) heavily hinges on massive labeled data, which typically produces inferior performance in low-resource scenarios. To remedy this dilemma, we study self-training as one of the predominant semi-supervised learning (SSL) approaches, which utilizes large-scale unlabeled data to generate synthetic examples. However, too many noisy labels will hurt the model performance, and the self-training procedure requires multiple training iterations making it more expensive if all the model parameters of the PLM are updated. This paper presents UPET, a novel Uncertainty-aware Parameter-Efficient self-Training framework to effectively and efficiently address the labeled data scarcity issue. Specifically, we incorporate Monte Carlo (MC) dropout in Bayesian neural network (BNN) to perform uncertainty estimation for the teacher model and then judiciously select reliable pseudo-labeled examples based on confidence and certainty. During the student training, we introduce multiple parameter-efficient learning (PEL) paradigms that allow optimizes only a small percentage of parameters. We also propose a novel Easy-Hard Contrastive Tuning to enhance the robustness and generalization. Extensive experiments over multiple downstream tasks demonstrate that UPET achieves a substantial improvement in terms of performance and efficiency. Our codes and data are released at https: //github.com/wjn1996/UPET.
Comparison of the effects of epidural and spinal anesthesia on analgesia and blood gases in neonates born by natural vaginal delivery: A clinical trial study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: One of the concerns of painless deliveries is the safety of neonates. This clinical trial study aimed to compare the effects of epidural and spinal anesthesia on the mortality rate of neonates. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in Hamadan Hospital in Iran. Ninety women, ages 18 to 45, were randomly assigned to receive epidural or subdural anesthesia. Using a checklist, the following were collected: demographic information, midwifery, hemodynamic status, mothers' pain intensity, and analyses of the baby's umbilical cord blood. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 for statistical analysis. Twenty-two of the patients with spinal anesthesia and epidural anesthesia were excluded from the study. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gestational age, parity, and severity of pain before or after anesthesia. The hemodynamic status of the mothers before and during the first postoperative period was in the normal range, except that in the spinal group, a decrease in systolic blood pressure was observed in normal range compared with the epidural anesthesia group. In blood gas analysis, the mean pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), and bicarbonate (HCO3) did not show significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). The only complications were acidosis and epidural anesthesia. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, both spinal and epidural opioids have no adverse effects on the health of neonates. However, both spinal and epidural opioid are preferred due to fewer changes in the hemodynamic changes in mothers and in umbilical cord blood gas.
Treatment of fistulas formed after free flap reconstruction surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

瘻孔形成はいまだ未解決な遊離皮弁再建術の合併症のひとつである。我々は保存的対応での救済を基本としている。方法：当センターで5年間に経験した遊離皮弁再建術321例をretrospectiveに検討した。結果：瘻孔が先行した皮弁全壊死，頸動脈破裂の症例はなかった。1例を除き全例保存的対応で救済し得た。閉鎖まで6週以上を要したのは，咽頭皮膚瘻作成，早期再発あるいは術後放射線治療を優先した計3症例であった。結果：遊離皮弁再建術後の瘻孔の救済には，積極的手術は通常必要なく的確なドレナージによる保存的対応で充分である。個々に患者の状態を的確に判断できれば，重篤合併症あるいは追加治療の遅れをきたすことはない。
Prospects of Noncoding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem and one of the most common malignant tumors. Recent studies have shown that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These RNAs may be involved in a variety of pathological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, abnormal expression of ncRNAs in HCC may provide potential prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. This review provides an overview of the role and potential applications of ncRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and snoRNAs in liver cancer.
Lipolytic Enzyme Activity of Macrophages in Bovine Mammary Gland Secretions

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The ability of macrophages isolated from the involuted bovine mammary gland and pooled raw milk to secrete lipolytic enzymes was investigated.Macrophages obtained from the involuted gland and maintained in cell culture secreted lipolytic enzymes into culture medium for up to 120 h.Leukocytes in pooled raw milk were separated using Ficoll discontinuous density gradients.Macrophages secreted lipolytic enzymes into the gradient while fractions containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes did not possess lipolytic activity.Enzyme activity of macrophages from pooled raw milk averaged .1% of the total milk lipoprotein lipase activity present in the original milk samples.Fresh raw milk with a macrophage concentration increased to 2.5 × 10 6 cells/ml contained 11.6% higher milk lipoprotein lipase activity after storage for 48 h at 4°C.These results indicate that macrophages isolated from bovine mammary secretions produce lipolytic enzymes that could influence milk lipoprotein lipase activity in raw milk over storage. Macrophage CultivationMacrophage collection and cultivation were performed by a modified procedure of Desiderio and Campbell (8).Macrophages were collected following the daily infusion of 50 mI of sterile D-PBS into one-quarter of a Holstein cow beginning 49 days postlactation.Following
Economic Implications of Energy Security in the Short Run

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Energy security is one of the primary goals of the European Union energy policy as the region relies mostly on imports to meet its energy resources demand. In 2013, the share of the net imported energy resources was as high as 54.5% of total energy consumption in the 28 member states of the European Union. Research on energy security involves a detailed analysis of economic, technological, and socio-political factors. The main objective of this study is to find out the economic consequences in the short run due to changes in the level of the security of energy resources supply. In order to acquire quantitative measures of the research object, the energy security index calculation methodology proposed by Jansen et al. (2004) is applied. To explore what effects, if any, energy security has on the economy of the EU, five economic indicators, with which the probable short-term impact of energy security is the most likely, are distinguished: real GDP, inflation, current account balance, foreign direct investment, and employment. Granger causality tests of the panel VAR model reveal that in the short run employment may be negatively affected by energy security. The effect itself is relatively small and short-lived. No short term causality is observed running from energy security towards the remaining macroeconomic variables of the panel VAR model. Such conclusions would suggest making the European Union energy policy decisions without prioritizing possible swings of the energy security level in the short run.
Chapter Nine. Book, Body, And The Construction Of The Self In The Taymouth Hours

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Illustrated religious and devotional manuscripts designed for personal use are potentially valuable sources of evidence for the history of later medieval subjectivity. This chapter considers the devout self as pictured in and shaped by one profusely illustrated but remarkably understudied example of the genre, the Taymouth Hours. The importance to medieval concepts of identity of the idea of patterns, of form and conformity, of likeness, imitation, and of model and anti-model, is widely recognized. In the Taymouth Hours miniature, however, the royal devotee holds her joined hands high and extends them away from her body, a gesture unusual in contemporary English depictions of lay prayer at the Elevation. Humanitys misguided pursuit of transitory material pleasures is the theme of several text-image pairings in the Taymouth Hours . Keywords: medieval subjectivity; royal devotee; Taymouth Hours
New Red‐ and Green‐Emitting Phosphors, AYP 2 O 7.5 :RE 3+ (A=Ca and Sr; RE=Eu and Tb) under Near‐UV Irradiation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

New red‐ and green‐emitting phosphors, AY 1− x P 2 O 7.5 : x RE 3+ (A=Ca and Sr; x =0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.10; RE=Eu and Tb) were synthesized by the conventional ceramic route and their photoluminescence properties under near‐ultraviolet (UV) irradiation were investigated. It was found that CaYP 2 O 7.5 : Eu 3+ phosphor emits strong red light when excited by a radiation of 394‐nm wavelength and SrYP 2 O 7.5 :Eu 3+ gives intense orange light when excited by a radiation of 396‐nm wavelength. Strong green emission for AY 1− x P 2 O 7.5 :Tb 3+ is also observed under near‐UV irradiation (378 nm). When compared with emission intensity from a standard YPO 4 :0.05Tb 3+ , the emission from SrYP 2 O 7.5 :0.05Tb 3+ showed greater intensity values under the same excitation wavelength (378 nm). X‐ray powder diffraction analysis showed that AYP 2 O 7.5 has xenotime‐type structure.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Property of Microwave Assisted Green Synthesis of Fe3O4 -MgO Nanocomposites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

&lt;h2&gt;Abstract&lt;/h2&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt;&nbsp;To synthesize Magnesium oxide, iron oxide nanoparticles and Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;-MgO nanocomposite using agro waste of lemon peel extract (LPE) and to examine their antioxidant and antibacterial activity.&nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt;&nbsp;MgO, Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&nbsp;NPs and Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&ndash;MgO nanocomposite by microwave-assisted technique using LPE. Feature techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed to characterize the prepared material in terms of morphology and structure. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis was used to identify the possible functional groups present in the synthesis of MgO, Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&nbsp;NPs and Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;-MgO nanocomposite.&nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Finding:&lt;/strong&gt;&nbsp;Powder XRD confirmed the formation of MgO, Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&nbsp;NPs and Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;- MgO nanocomposite, SEM analysis confirmed that Iron oxide and Magnesium oxide nanoparticles and Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;-MgO nanocomposite are mostly in spherical shape, while TG analysis indicated the greater thermal stability of nanoparticles as well as nanocomposite. All Synthesized nanoparticles and nanocomposite showed good antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacterial strains (IC50 value are 8.32, 8.15 &amp; 8.13 and 7.23, 7.57 &amp; 7.47 mg/mL respectively). These metal oxide NPs showed antioxidant activities against DPPH (less than 85%) but enhancing activity was found for Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;- MgO nanocomposite (89.95%).&nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Novelty:&lt;/strong&gt;&nbsp;These results suggested that LPE derived Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;-MgO nanocomposites can be used as an effective antioxidant and antibacterial agent in biomedical applications.&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords:&lt;/strong&gt; Lemon Peels Extract; Green Synthesis; Nanocomposites; Antioxidant Activity; Hemolytic Assay; Antibacterial Activity&lt;/p&gt;
PO-0121 The Composition Of Preterm Human Milk And Influencing Factors On Protein Content

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Background</st> Human milk (HM) is unique and the gold standard for feeding preterm infants. However, HM contains insufficient quantity of energy, calcium, phosphorus and protein - the key nutrient - for preterm infants. Low protein intake is associated with poor weight gain, length and neurocognitive outcomes. Therefore, human milk fortifiers have been developed. The aim of Compo-HMA study was to measure the composition and variation in preterm HM, the impact of lactation period and different milk processing types on the nutritional content with MIRIS Human Milk Analyzer (HMA). </sec> <sec><st>Methods</st> HM was taken from mothers of premature infants born with a birthweight <1500 g and a gestational age <32 weeks. Protein, fat, lactose and energy composition was measured with MIRIS HMA subjected to different milk processing types fresh/fresh pasteurised/thawed/thawed pasteurised. Furthermore, the relation between protein content and lactation days has been evaluated. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> Native HM (n = 83) contained in mean 1.1 ± 0.37 g protein, 3.2 ± 0.85 g fat, 6.6 ± 0.34 g lactose and 59.8 ± 10.65 kcal energy/100 ml HM. Maximum variation was observed in protein content with 0.2–2.2 g/100 ml HM. Lactation day correlated significantly with protein content (p < 0.0001; r = -,4243). Processing of HM had no effects on protein-or nutritional level. </sec> <sec><st>Conclusions</st> Variations in macronutrients from mother to mother are high, particularly in protein. Protein significantly decreased with lactation period. Various conditions of HM processing had no effect on measured nutritional content. MIRIS is an adjuvant tool to provide actual nutrient composition of HM. The results indicate that HM analysis is important for individualised fortification and improves the nutritional management of premature infants. </sec>
Abstract 37: Novel Oral Anticoagulants for the Secondary Prevention of Cerebral Ischemia: A Network Meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background & Purpose: There are no randomized clinical trial (RCT) data regarding direct comparisons between different novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs). We conducted a network meta-analysis using published data from secondary prevention subgroups of different phase III RCTs comparing individual NOACs to warfarin. Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search in Medline, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify available RCTs. The primary efficacy outcome was stroke or systemic embolism and the primary safety outcome was the occurrence of a major bleeding event during the follow-up period. We performed a Bayesian-framework, multiple-treatments meta-analysis and ranked the comparative effects of all NOACs against warfarin with the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities. Results: We identified 4 RCTs (including 15,302 patients) comparing individual NOACs (Apixaban, Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban) to warfarin. In indirect comparison analysis Dabigatran was related to a significantly lower risk of hemorrhagic stroke compared to Rivaroxaban (RR=0.28; 95%CI: 0.11-0.75), while Rivaroxaban was associated with a significantly lower risk of major gastrointestinal bleeding compared to Dabigatran (RR=0.14; 95%CI: 0.03-0.74). Clustered ranking plot for the primary efficacy and safety endpoints highlighted Apixaban as the treatment with the probably best benefit-to-risk ratio profile among NOACs followed by Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban (Figure). Conclusion: The three NOACs showed differences in terms of safety and efficacy for secondary stroke prevention. These findings serve only for hypothesis generation and require independent confirmation in head to head RCTs. Figure legend: Corresponding SUCRA Probabilities for different NOACs to be ranked as the most effective treatment for the prevention of Stroke/systemic embolism (y axis) and Major bleeding (x axis)