jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Cotranslational Folding Defects to Membrane Protein Homeostasis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Membrane proteins are prone to misfolding and degradation within the cell, yet the nature of the conformational defects involved in this process remain poorly understood. The earliest stages of membrane protein folding are mediated by the Sec61 translocon, a molecular machine that facilitates the lateral partitioning of the polypeptide into the membrane. Proper membrane integration is an essential prerequisite for folding of the nascent chain. However, the marginal energetic drivers of this reaction suggest the translocon may operate with modest fidelity. In this work, we employed biophysical modeling in conjunction with quantitative biochemical measurements in order to evaluate the extent to which cotranslational folding defects influence membrane protein homeostasis. Protein engineering was employed to selectively perturb the topological energetics of human rhodopsin, and the expression and cellular trafficking of engineered variants were quantitatively compared. Our results reveal clear relationships between topological energetics and the efficiency of rhodopsin biogenesis, which appears to be limited by the propensity of a polar transmembrane domain to achieve its correct topological orientation. Though the polarity of this segment is functionally constrained, we find that its topology can be stabilized in a manner that enhances biogenesis without compromising the functional properties of rhodopsin. Furthermore, sequence alignments reveal this topological instability has been conserved throughout the course of evolution. These results suggest that topological defects significantly contribute to the inefficiency of membrane protein folding in the cell. Additionally, our findings suggest that the marginal stability of rhodopsin may represent an evolved trait.
Cultural Construction Objectives,Content and Principles of Higher Vocational Education——Analysis on Sustainable Development Motivation of Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Vocational education culture reflects the content of sustainable development of vocational education.It is the soul of vocational education reform.Its construction goal is the all-round development for people.Its content is shared values,systems build and material culture.In the construction process,we should follow the principles as occupational,human nature,regional and behavioral,learning and innovation.
자궁경부암 선별검사로서 인유두종 바이러스 유전자형 검사의 경제성 평가

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer screening with a human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 genotyping test in Korea. \n \nMethods: We compared seven strategies with a Markov cohort model: 1) cytology with reflex HPV testing for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) (‘cytology’) (routine screening interval 1 year), 2–4) HPV with 16/18 genotyping with liquid-based cytology triage co-testing (‘co-testing’) (routine screening interval 1, 2, 3 year), and 5–7) HPV with 16/18 genotyping and reflex cytology (ASC-US threshold) (‘HPV with genotyping’) (routine screening interval 1, 2, 3 year). Screening start age was 30-year-old and screening was performed over 40 years. Screening sensitivity and specificity values for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 were obtained from ‘Addressing THE Need for Advanced HPV Diagnostics,’ trial. Screening costs and cancer treatment costs were calculated from a payer’s perspective in 2012. Costs and quality adjusted life-years (QALYs) were discounted at 5% annually. \n \nResults: Applying a KRW ￦20–30 million/QALY threshold, ‘co-testing’ with 1 year interval and “HPV with genotyping” with 1 year interval were not cost effective, but ‘co-testing’ with 2, 3 year interval and “HPV with genotyping” with 2, 3 year interval were cost effective versus ‘cytology’ with 1 year. \n \nConclusion: Compared with the existing ‘cytology’ with 1 year, HPV 16/18 genotyping with 2, 3 year interval can be cost effective. Especially, ‘co-testing’ with 2 year interval was the most cost-effectiveness strategy.
Investigation of the nephroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine on colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dexmedetomidine significantly decreased the elevated levels of BUN, Creatinine, KIM-1, and Endothelin-1 induced by colistin. Dexmedetomidine, at both doses, histopathologically prevented apoptosis and reduced the number of necrotic cells in the kidneys. Dexmedetomidine provides renoprotective effects, therefore it is a valuable sedation agent for clinicians working in intensive care units (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 19). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: rat, colistin, nephrotoxicity, dexmedetomidine.
Soft-Output PAC Decoder for Uplink Sparse Code Multiple Access System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate short packet transmissions in a Polar Coded Sparse Code Multiple Access (PC-SCMA) system. Since recently introduced by Arikan Polarization-Adjusted Convolutional (PAC) codes have shown remarkable performance at short block lengths with an ability of reaching theoretical limits, in this work we propose a PC-SCMA system based on the soft output PAC decoder. The proposed decoder is a combination of a sequential stack decoder and an enhanced Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm. The numerical analysis shows its ability to outperform the state-of-the-art PC-SCMA system with a Successive Cancellation List (SCL) decoder at short block lengths in terms of the bit error rate with smaller computational complexity. Furthermore, we enhance the SCL-based scheme by row-merging of the polarization kernel and evaluate its performance.
Screening for point mutations by semi-automated DNA sequencing using sequenase and magnetic beads.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have established an improved method for detecting point mutations by semi-automated DNA sequencing of PCR fragments generated from genomic DNA. The method employs magnetic beads to create immobilized single-stranded DNA templates, and the sequencing reaction is performed with Sequenase. This method is superior to sequencing with Taq DNA polymerase because the uniform peak height with Sequenase makes heterozygosity easily detectable as double peaks that are half the normal height. Detection of heterozygosity by this method is illustrated by sequencing a 180-bp fragment of the human apolipoprotein B gene. This fragment contains codon 3500, where a point mutation (3500CGG-->CAG) is found in subjects with the autosomal dominant disease familial defective apolipoprotein B. The nonuniform peak height with Taq DNA polymerase makes it more difficult to detect heterozygosity. This is also illustrated by sequencing a 278-bp fragment of the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE SPECTRUM OF INFECTIOUS BACTERIA IN 48 CASES OF CANCER PATIENTS WITH CHEMOTHERAPY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

48 cancer patients with 68 episodes of bacterial infections following chemotherapy were reviewed. The underlying diseases included both leukemia-lymphoma and various solid tumors. The common infective sites included septicemia, oral-pharyngeal infection and lung infections. The majority of infections were caused by G negative baci-lli(62.5%), which included E. coli, klebsiellae and pseudomonas aeruginosa etc; 34.7% of the isolated bacteria was G positive cocci which included staphylococci, streptococcus viridans and micrococci; while G(+) bacilli were isolated only in 2 occassions. (2.8%). 41 cases with severe infections were treated with combination of antibiotics, usually Aminogrycoside+Ampicillin/Carbenicillin or Aminoglycoside+PG, or Aminoglycoside+Cepa-losporine. 10 cases died of infections, with septicemia (7) being the major fatal form of infection. The mortality rate of septicemia was 41.2%.
SINGLE TEE AND PI TWO-PORTS, RESISTIVELY TERMINATED AND HAVING A PRESCRIBED DRIVING-POINT IMMITTANCE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : Biquadratic, biquartic, bisextic, in general terms bi-order-n positive real immittance functions can be realized as driving-point immittances of a Tee or a Pi section that is terminated with a resistance, provided that the function belongs to a certain subclass of positive real and bi-order-n functions. This general principle is discussed particularly for biquadratic and biquartic functions. It is shown that the Tee and the Pi circuits implying a negative immittance of the rank 2m + 1 can be transformed into another circuit that instead of the negative immittance implies a resistance as the only negative branch element.
Canopy Hyperspectral Sensing of Paddy Fields at the Booting Stage and PLS Regression can Assess Grain Yield

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Canopy hyperspectral (HS) sensing is a promising tool for estimating rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield. However, the timing of HS measurements is crucial for assessing grain yield prior to harvest because rice growth stages strongly influence the sensitivity to different wavelengths and the evaluation performance. To clarify the optimum growth stage for HS sensing-based yield assessments, the grain yield of paddy fields during the reproductive phase to the ripening phase was evaluated from field HS data in conjunction with iterative stepwise elimination partial least squares (ISE-PLS) regression. The field experiments involved three different transplanting dates (12 July, 26 July, and 9 August) in 2017 for six cultivars with three replicates (n = 3 × 6 × 3 = 54). Field HS measurements were performed on 2 October 2017, during the panicle initiation, booting, and ripening growth stages. The predictive accuracy of ISE-PLS was compared with that of the standard full-spectrum PLS (FS-PLS) via coefficient of determination (R2) values and root mean squared errors of cross-validation (RMSECV), and the robustness was evaluated by the residual predictive deviation (RPD). Compared with the FS-PLS models, the ISE-PLS models exhibited higher R2 values and lower RMSECV values for all data sets. Overall, the highest R2 values and the lowest RMSECV values were obtained from the ISE-PLS model at the booting stage (R2 = 0.873, RMSECV = 22.903); the RPD was >2.4. Selected HS wavebands in the ISE-PLS model were identified in the red-edge (710–740 nm) and near-infrared (830 nm) regions. Overall, these results suggest that the booting stage might be the best time for in-season rice grain assessment and that rice yield could be evaluated accurately from the HS sensing data via the ISE-PLS model.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Technological Lubricants with the Addition of Boric Acid in Sheet Metal Forming

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

One of the main problems during sheet metal forming is the reduction in coefficient of friction and separation of contact surfaces in order to eliminate buildups of the formed material on the forming tools. For this purpose, technological lubricants based on mineral or synthetic oils are usually used. Unfortunately, their removal from the drawn parts and their subsequent utilization pose many problems and are expensive. Environmentally benign lubricants based on vegetable oils with the addition of boric acid could be an effective alternative to lubricants based on mineral and synthetic oils; however, the solubility of boric acid in oils is limited. Therefore, the paper proposes new, effective, and environmentally friendly methods for applying boric acid to the metal sheet by spraying it on a thin rapeseed oil layer previously applied to the metal sheet or by spraying a 25% solution of boric acid in methyl alcohol onto the sheet. The effectiveness of such lubrication was assessed on the basis of the so-called strip drawing test, Erichsen cupping test, and formation of cylindrical drawn parts in industrial conditions. The tests showed that the addition of boric acid was most effective for forming the DC01 steel sheet, reducing the coefficient of friction by about 60% compared to base oil lubrication. Although its usefulness is lower in the case of other frictional pairs, it eliminates the phenomenon of the formed material sticking to the tool, thus extending the life of the forming tools. The use of the proposed solution reduces production costs and indirectly boosts environmental protection. Moreover, an explanation of the tribological mechanism contributing to the lubrication action of boric acid is given.
Korean Wave Creating New Appetite Beyond Entertainment: The Role of the Korean Entertainment Industry in Promoting Korean Culture

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The growing influence of the Korean entertainment industry is well documented. Since the late 1990s, the Korean wave or Hallyu has continued to have an unprecedented influence on the lives of people across the world. Until recent times, gastrodiplomacy remained a government-to-people affair where the Government of a particular country organises various programs to promote its cuisine abroad. Against this backdrop, this research investigates the role of K-dramas in promoting Korean cuisine among the international viewership. This study looks at the impact the K-dramas have had on the food preferences of Sri Lankan viewers and uses a mixed research design, and both primary and secondary data are used to address the research objectives. A total of 145 e-questionnaires were distributed. These questionnaires were predominantly closed-ended and analysed using frequency analysis. Apart from the questionnaires, a total of 20 in-depth interviews were conducted to better understand the impact of K-dramas on the food preferences of Sri Lankan viewership. These open-ended questions were analysed using descriptive method. As per the findings, K-dramas have a significant impact on the food preferences of the Sri Lankan viewership, where 93.8% admitted that K-dramas made them try out Korean cuisine. In conclusion, while this study contributes to the literature on the growing influence of the Korean entertainment industry on the lives of people, it also underscores the impact the Korean entertainment industry has on promoting various cultural products among the international community.
Wide-precision planting pattern under different tillage methods affects photosynthesis and yield of winter wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Agricultural practices that are water-saving and high-yielding are vital to sustainable development. We investigated two planting patterns and two tillage methods in four winter wheat growing seasons in North China Plain (NCP). They're conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) under wide-precision planting (W) and conventional planting (C). Soil water content, dry matter accumulation (DM), grain yield (GY), chlorophyll content index (CCI), photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) interception were determined. We found W significantly increased the CCI, PAR interception, DM, and spikes number compared with C. The soil water content in 20–90 cm soil layer under NT was higher than that under CT. Both maximum water use efficiency of leaves (WUEL) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) were significantly greater under W compared with C, resulting in a higher GY. Furthermore, the Pn and spikes number were significantly higher under CT than under NT, with crop GY being higher under CT than under NT. However, the combination of NT and W showed higher WUEL and RUE that were not significantly different among treatments from NT to CT. Furthermore, the highest DM and RUE were observed in NTW treatment, with W compensating for the adverse effect of NT.
Augmented Reality Flashcards for Arabic Vocabulary Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

General Background: Augmented Reality (AR) has emerged as a transformative technology in educational media, particularly for language learning. Specific Background: In the context of Arabic language acquisition, traditional methods often lack engaging, interactive elements that enhance vocabulary retention. Knowledge Gap: Existing literature has not sufficiently explored the integration of AR technology in vocabulary learning, particularly for specific themes like time. Aims: This study aims to develop AR Flashcards to facilitate mastery of vocabulary related to time in Arabic language learning at MA/SMA Muhammadiyah, utilizing the ADDIE model for product development. Results: The resulting Flashcards consist of thirteen interactive cards that present vocabulary in a sequence, enriching the learning experience through visual and gamified elements. Students can scan QR codes with minimal smartphone specifications, enhancing accessibility. Novelty: This research introduces a novel educational tool that combines AR technology with structured learning, providing a memorable and effective approach to vocabulary acquisition. Implications: The findings suggest that AR Flashcards can significantly improve students' understanding and retention of Arabic vocabulary, highlighting the potential for technology-enhanced learning environments in language education. Highlights: Interactive Learning: AR Flashcards provide an engaging way to learn Arabic vocabulary through visual elements. Structured Development: The product follows the ADDIE model, ensuring a systematic approach to educational tool creation. Accessibility: Students can use smartphones with minimal specifications to access the learning material via QR codes. Keywords: Augmented Reality, Flashcards, Arabic language, vocabulary mastery, educational technology.
Mateen: Adaptive Ensemble Learning for Network Anomaly Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Anomaly-based intrusion detection systems are tasked with identifying deviations from established benign network behaviors, assuming such deviations to be indicators of malicious intent. Deep AutoEncoders (DAEs) have become increasingly popular in these systems due to their exceptional ability to model benign behavior with high accuracy, particularly in static, offline settings where the network’s benign activity pattern is presumed to remain constant. However, this static approach becomes less effective as network behavior naturally evolves, leading to challenges in distinguishing new, benign activities from genuine threats. This evolution raises a critical question: How can we enhance offline DAEs to accurately identify threats while avoiding false alarms caused by benign behavior changes? To address this question, we propose Mateen, an online learning framework designed to augment the capabilities of offline DAEs, enabling them to recognize and adapt to changing benign network behaviors efficiently and with minimal overhead. Mateen leverages an ensemble of DAEs to monitor and adjust to these changes. It optimizes resource usage by selecting only a few representative samples for updates and reduces the overall framework’s complexity by retaining only the relevant models. We evaluate the effectiveness of Mateen on five network intrusion datasets, each exhibiting different types of benign behavior evolution. The results demonstrate that Mateen consistently enhances offline DAE performance across various evolution types. For instance, Mateen boosts the F1-score on the IDS17 dataset, which exhibits light change, by 4.13%, and on the Kitsune dataset, characterized by heavy change, by 72.6%, while only necessitating labeling for 1% of the incoming samples.
Perceived working mechanisms of psychosomatic therapy in patients with persistent somatic symptoms in primary care: a qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To explore the perceived working mechanisms of psychosomatic therapy according to patients with persistent somatic symptoms (PSS) and their psychosomatic therapists. Design Qualitative study using semistructured face-to-face interviews and focus groups. All interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed, by two researchers independently, based on the thematic analysis. Setting Alongside a randomised controlled trial to establish the (cost-)effectiveness of psychosomatic therapy in patients with PSS in primary care, we conducted a process evaluation with a qualitative study. Patients were recruited in general practice in three regions in the Netherlands. Participants Interviews were conducted with twenty patients with PSS who received psychosomatic therapy and 25 psychosomatic therapists. In addition, two focus groups were conducted with six and seven psychosomatic therapists, respectively. Intervention Psychosomatic therapy, delivered by specialised exercise and physical therapists, is a multimodal and tailored treatment based on the biopsychosocial model. Outcome measures Experiences, opinions and views from patients’ and therapists’ perspective on psychosomatic therapy were identified. Results A total of 37 interviews with patients, 25 interviews and two focus groups with therapists were analysed. Three main themes emerged from the data of the patients: (1) continuous alternation of psychosocial conversations and body-oriented exercises; (2) awareness of body–mind connection and (3) good relationship with therapist. Four main themes emerged from the data of the therapists (1) building rapport; (2) continuously searching for common ground; (3) making patients aware of the interaction between body and mind; and (4) continuous alternation between exploration and treatment. Conclusion According to patients as well as therapists, the continuous alternation of psychosocial conversations and body-oriented exercises to provide awareness of the interaction between body and mind are the perceived working mechanism of psychosomatic therapy. Therapeutic alliance and finding common ground between patient and therapist are prerequisites for the success of psychosomatic therapy. Trial registration number NL7157 (NTR7356).