jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Revenue decoupling, energy demand, and energy efficiency: Empirical evidence from the U.S. electricity sector

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the relationship between the regulatory policy revenue decoupling, which separates utilities' revenue from sales fluctuations, and electricity customers' energy demand and efficiency in the U.S. electricity sector. To this end, we use recent Stochastic Frontier Analysis estimation techniques that account for both persistent and transient energy efficiency. The results show a significant negative correlation between decoupling and electricity consumption. However, the implementation year, which serves as a reference for price adjustments, is associated with increasing electricity demand and decreasing transient energy efficiency. Therefore, utilities seem to anticipate the implementation of decoupling, which partially offsets the benefits.
Pseudotyping Lentiviral Vectors with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Glycoproteins for Transduction of Dendritic Cells andIn VivoImmunization

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are promising delivery systems for gene therapy, and they can be further engineered to increase their potential for effectively delivering transgenes to desired cell populations. Here, we have engineered LVs pseudotyped with envelope glycoproteins derived from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) for antigen delivery to elicit vaccine-directed immune responses. Two variants, LCMV-WE and LCMV-Arm53b, were evaluated for their ability to mediate LV-based cellular transduction in vitro. LCMV-WE with a leucine residue at position 260 (260L) is known for its high-affinity binding with a cellular receptor, α-dystroglycan (α-DG), whereas LCMV-Arm53b has low-affinity binding resulting from a phenylalanine residue at the same position. In contrast to LCMV-Arm53b, we found that LVs pseudotyped with LCMV-WE could transduce 293T cells and murine dendritic cells much more efficiently based, at least in part, on their favorable interaction with α-DG. In mice, LCMV-WE-bearing LVs encoding a model antigen, invariant chain ovalbumin, could elicit substantial antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell immune response. The response could be further enhanced by a homologous boosting immunization with the same vector. These findings offer evidence to support the potential utilization of LCMV-WE-bearing LVs for vectored vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases.
Clonal hematopoiesis: a “CHIP” off the old block

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this issue of Blood , [Steensma et al][1] propose that we add a new disorder to the spectrum of myelodysplastic diseases (and the myeloid leukemias), which they call clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP).[1][2]

![Figure][3]

A schematic relationship among the disorders
Folded Transmitarray Antenna via Independent Amplitude/Phase Control With Low Side-Lobe for Millimeter-Wave Communication

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A low-profile folded transmitarray antenna (FTA) with independent amplitude and phase control is proposed for the applications of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication. The proposed FTA is composed of three functional parts, i.e., an independent amplitude-phase controlling metasurface (MS) on the top, a polarization-converter on the bottom, and a feeding antenna. Particularly, by using spatially designed amplitude on the aperture of the top MS with the specification of the Taylor distribution, much lower side-lobe levels (SLLs) could be effectively realized. The ray-tracing method is used to reduce the profile height and integrate both the feeding antenna and the polarization converter. The proposed FTA, which is fully integrated and fabricated using low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) technology, is verified by the theoretical analysis, full-wave simulation and experimental measurements of a prototype covering the entire 5G mm-wave n257 bands (26.5 to 29.5 GHz). The measured results show that the proposed FTA has a 3 dB gain bandwidth of 19% from 24.8 to 30 GHz and a peak gain of 21.08 dBi with an aperture efficiency of 18.3%. Especially, compared to traditional FTAs with phase modulations only, the proposed FTA performs an average SLLs reduction of more than 5.0 dB. The simulated and measured results coincide to confirm the feature and effectiveness of the FTA with the excellent performance.
Systemic Barriers to Mental Health Care: A Qualitative Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper explores systemic barriers to accessing mental health care, using Wilber’s Integral Model as a framework. A review of the literature presents qualitative and quantitative accounts of medication access issues and consequences, availability of and timely access to providers, patients not being taken seriously, communication between providers, and suggests ways to reduce these barriers. The original methodology involved conducting qualitative face-to-face interviews with mental health professionals from free and sliding scale clinics in the Twin Cities. Results discuss changes in methodology to qualitative questions posed in an online survey format to licensed clinical social workers in Minnesota. Results identify systemic barriers to mental health care, including: how access issues frequently lead to hospital/emergency room use, a shortage of providers, long waits for appointments, and financial/insurance barriers. The results also include specific suggestions to reducing and removing these barriers. Similarities and differences between the literature review and results are discussed, as well as implications of this research to social work practice and policy. This paper recommends future research be conducted directly with in-patient mental health patients. It also recommends that the shortage of psychiatry be studied in order to discover strategies to increase the availability of and access to this service.
Image fusion with inverted residual densely connected directional differentiation and attention mechanisms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to improve the safety of nighttime car driving, this paper proposes a lightweight image fusion network based on depth-separable self-encoder combined with attention mechanism for the problems of insufficient extraction of highdimensional spatial information, loss of gradient information and edge blurring in infrared and visible image fusion, and introduces Inverted Residual Block into the encoder, using depth-separable Inverted Residual Block is introduced into the encoder to reduce the number of parameters used in feature extraction, shorten the convolution time, invert the residual structure and linear bottleneck to effectively preserve the high-dimensional spatial features, and rescale the extracted features in the attention mechanism module to enhance the image information, and finally use L1 regularization in the fusion layer to fuse the image features and reconstruct the image output through the convolution layer of the encoder. The gradient loss function is introduced in the training network to preserve the gradient information of the image. The experimental results show that the method in this paper is more consistent with the human visual system in subjective evaluation and has significant improvement in both objective evaluations with 22.89%, 56.65%, 5.35%, 15.39%, 32.54% and 3.81% improvement in spatial frequency, standard deviation, gradient-based fusion performance, difference correlation sum, visual information fidelity and multi-scale structural similarity, respectively.
Temporal contrast sensitivity in optic neuritis and amblyopia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Temporal contrast sensitivity was measured in patients with optic neuritis and anisometropic amblyopia. In optic neuritis, attenuated sensitivity was detected at all frequency ranges; however, its degree was more severe than that of retinal diseases even when visual acuity was the same. At the convalescent stage, the low-frequency sensitivity was restored first, and high-frequency loss was observed even when the visual acuity was restored to 1.0. Two amblyopic patients showed attenuated sensitivity at high- and intermediate-frequency ranges, and in one case all frequency sensitivity attenuated. Three other patients showed normal sensitivity. By occlusion of the nonamblyopic eye, recovery of sensitivity was observed in one patient, whose visual acuity improved.
The chemical evolution of galaxies with a variable integrated galactic initial mass function

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Standard analytical chemical evolution modelling of galaxies has been\nassuming the stellar initial mass function (IMF) to be invariant and fully\nsampled allowing fractions of massive stars to contribute even in dwarf\ngalaxies with very low star formation rates (SFRs). Recent observations show\nthe integrated galactic initial mass function (IGIMF) of stars, i.e. the\ngalaxy-wide IMF, to become systematically top-heavy with increasing SFR. This\nhas been predicted by the IGIMF theory, which is here used to develop the\nanalytical theory of the chemical evolution of galaxies. This theory is\nnon-linear and requires the iterative solution of implicit integral equations\ndue to the dependence of the IGIMF on the metallicity and on the SFR. It is\nshown that the mass-metallicity relation of galaxies emerges naturally,\nalthough at low masses the theoretical predictions overestimate the\nobservations by 0.3--0.4 dex. A good agreement with the observation can be\nobtained only if gas flows are taken into account. In particular, we are able\nto reproduce the mass--metallicity relation observed by Lee et al. (2006) with\nmodest amounts of infall and with an outflow rate which decreases as a function\nof the galactic mass. The outflow rates required to fit the data are\nconsiderably smaller than required in models with invariant IMFs.\n
Improved Fraunhofer Line Discrimination Method for Vegetation Fluorescence Quantification

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This letter presents a modification to the established Fraunhofer line discrimination (FLD) method for improving the accuracy of the solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (ChF) retrieval over terrestrial vegetation. The FLD method relies on the decoupling of reflected and ChF emitted radiation by the evaluation of measurements inside and outside the absorption bands. The improved FLD method introduces two correction coefficients that relate the values of the fluorescence and the reflectance inside and outside the absorption band. The new method uses the full spectral information around the absorption band to derive these coefficients. A sensitivity analysis has been performed to evaluate the impact of the correction coefficients on the accuracy of the ChF estimation. The new formulation has been tested for the $\hbox{O}_{2}$ A-band on synthetic data obtaining lower errors in comparison to the standard FLD and has been successfully applied to real measurements at canopy level.
Toward Automatic Subsurface Pipeline Mapping by Fusing a Ground-Penetrating Radar and a Camera

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We propose a novel subsurface pipeline mapping and 3D reconstruction method by fusing ground-penetrating radar (GPR) scans and camera images. To facilitate the simultaneous detection of multiple pipelines, we model the GPR sensing process and prove hyperbola response for general scanning with nonperpendicular angles. Furthermore, we fuse visual simultaneous localization and mapping outputs, encoder readings with GPR scans to classify hyperbolas into different pipeline groups. We extensively apply the J-linkage method and maximum likelihood estimation with error analysis to improve algorithm robustness and accuracy. As a result, we optimally estimate the radii and locations of all pipelines. We have implemented our method and tested it in physical experiments with representative pipeline configurations. Two different kinds of 3-m-long pipes are used, with radii being 4.62 and 3.02 cm, respectively. The results show that our method successfully reconstructs all subsurface pipes. Moreover, the average estimation errors for two orientation angles of pipelines are 1.73° and 0.73°, respectively. The average localization error is 4.47 cm. Note to Practitioners-Automatic and accurate underground pipeline mapping technology is very important in civil construction projects. Lack of 3D utility pipeline maps may lead to accidental damage in civil construction and maintenance. Although ground-penetrating radar (GPR-based pipeline mapping methods have been studied for several years, these methods require the perpendicular scanning with respect to the pipe, which is impossible to guarantee in practice since the orientations of pipelines are unknown. Furthermore, these traditional methods can only estimate one pipeline at a time in a survey area and require prior knowledge of pipe diameter. We propose a robotic subsurface pipeline mapping method with a GPR and a camera to handle difficult factors such as multiple pipes, unknown pipeline orientation, and unknown pipeline diameters. Hence, we can perform GPR scanning along any generic linear trajectories. Our method has been tested in physical experiments with representative pipeline configurations. The results are sufficiently accurate, and it proves that our method can be an effective technology to reconstruct the underground pipelines.
Evaluation of high-protein distillers dried grains on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A total of 1,890 growing-finishing pigs (PIC; 359 × 1,050; initially 27.1 kg) were used in a 124-d growth trial to compare the effects of high-protein distillers dried grains (HPDDG; 39% crude protein [CP]) or conventional distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 29% CP) on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial with main effects of distillers dried grains source (conventional DDGS or HPDDG) and level (15% or 30%). A corn–soybean meal-based diet served as the control and allowed linear and quadratic level effects to be determined within each distillers dried grains (DDG) source. All diets were formulated on an equal standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys-basis with diets containing HPDDG having less soybean meal than diets with conventional DDGS. Pens were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design with initial weight as the blocking factor. There were 27 pigs per pen and 14 pens per treatment. Overall, increasing conventional DDGS decreased (linear, P &lt; 0.04) final body weight (BW), whereas increasing HPDDG tended to decrease (linear, P = 0.065) final BW. The decreased final BW was a result of decreased (linear, P &lt; 0.01) ADG in the grower phase of the study as either DDG source increased. However, there were no differences observed in the finisher phase or overall ADG between pigs fed either DDG source or either inclusion level. Pigs fed HPDDG had decreased (P &lt; 0.001) ADFI and increased (P &lt; 0.001) G:F compared with those fed conventional DDGS. For carcass traits, increasing either conventional DDGS or HPDDG decreased carcass yield and HCW (linear, P &lt; 0.02); however, there were no differences between pigs fed HPDDG or conventional DDGS. Iodine value (IV) increased (linear, P &lt; 0.02) with increasing DDG and was greater (P &lt; 0.001) in pigs fed HPDDG than conventional DDGS. In summary, pigs fed HPDDG had no evidence of difference in overall ADG compared to pigs fed conventional DDGS, but had greater overall G:F. Carcass fat IV was also greater in pigs fed HPDDG compared with pigs fed conventional DDGS. These differences were probably due to the difference in oil content.
Kidney Cell–Adapted Infectious Bronchitis ArkDPI Vaccine is Stable and Protective

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

We previously demonstrated that adaptation of an embryo-attenuated infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Arkansas (Ark) Delmarva Poultry Industry (DPI)-derived vaccine to chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells (CEKp7) shifted the virus population towards homogeneity in spike (S) and nonstructural protein genes. Moreover, the typical Ark vaccine subpopulations emerging in chickens vaccinated with commercial Ark vaccines were not detected in chickens vaccinated with CEKp7, indicating that kidney-cell adaptation drastically increased the stability of the vaccine virus population in chickens. In the current study both conventional and next-generation sequencing results show that the changes achieved during CEK adaptation remained after five back passages in embryonated chicken egg (ECE). In a first protection study 1-day-old chickens were vaccinated with 104.0 or 105.0 50% embryo infectious doses (EID50)/chicken of the second ECE back passage of CEKp7 (CEKp7e2) and demonstrated protection against Ark virulent (106.0 EID50) challenge. In a second protection trial, protection by CEKp7e2 was compared with protection conferred by an attenuated commercial ArkDPI-derived vaccine different from that which the CEK-adapted virus originated. All vaccinated chicken groups showed a significant reduction of respiratory signs and viral load after Ark virulent challenge compared to unvaccinated-challenged controls. In CEKp7e2 vaccinated chickens viral subpopulations different from the challenge virus were detected after challenge in a marginal number (7%-8%) of chickens. In contrast, IBV S1 sequences that differed from the predominant population in the challenge virus were detected after challenge in a large number (77%) of chickens vaccinated with the commercial Ark attenuated vaccine. The CEK-adapted IBV ArkDPI-derived vaccine is a stable and effective vaccine, which drastically reduces the emergence of Ark-like viruses both at vaccination and after challenge.
Bell’s Palsy - An Unusual Trigger?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bell’s palsy is a common condition that is largely diagnosed and managed in family medicine. Despite the symptoms and management being well-established, less is known about its aetiology. Various factors have been implicated as the trigger for Bell’s palsy, with herpes virus reactivation as the most likely cause. However, many other theories have been proposed. We report the case of a 47 years old man with no significant previous medical problems, presenting with symptoms of Bell’s palsy after an unusual possible trigger. This article presents this case alongside existing evidence in the literature for the same trigger.
Superficial carcinoma of the bladder: natural history and the role of interferons.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is a chronic disease. Patients face a lifetime with the potential for further neoplastic manifestations--the recurrence of either superficial or deeply invasive tumor. To some extent, the likelihood of disease recurrence can be predicted. Further, certain clinical interventions can alter the probability of tumor recurrence. This paper focuses on those patient and tumor characteristics that predict for the propensity to develop recurrent disease, with emphasis on the potential of the interferons to both treat this disease and to modify its natural history.
Electronic Money Laundering, The Dark Side of Fintech

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Fintech has significantly expanded the offer of financial services available to users, facilitating the spread of new financing, payment and exchange services in increasingly large sections of the population. However, there is a downside, represented by the lack of organic regulation that defines the perimeter of legality. World legislators, Europeans in particular, have started building a structured legal framework and to prevent (or to catch) opportunistic or criminal behaviors. Among the unavoidable challenges for the anti-money laundering system are those related to the development of FinTech which produces significant volumes of transactions. In this paper it is provided a systematic review of a) the most common money laundering patterns; b) the European anti-money laundering legal framework, and c) the most recent and relevant fraud cases detected by the enforcements agencies. The main objective of this research is to verify whether the behavior of economic players within the FinTech sector can be contained within the limits of legality. Another objective, far from secondary, is to analyze the current patterns that lead to money laundering, also verifying whether there are tools, within the FinTech itself, capable of exploiting technologies and identifying dark or illegal practices. The recent case study of scandals within the FinTech industry further helps to support the hypotheses and conclusions of the research itself.
Perluasan Kewenangan Pelaporan Majelis Pengawas Notaris

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to examine the new authority of the notary supervisory board in reporting an ethic and performance violations which committed by notary and its relation to the principles of certainty and justice. According to the Regulation issued by Minister of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia number 15 of 2020 concerning The Procedures for Examination of the Notary Supervisory Board (MPN), the authority of MPN has being enlarged. This regulation give a bigger authority for MPN to report and make a report as the result of the implementation of notary’s occupation, so that the MPN can examine and make decisions according to their own report. Otherwise, the Notary Act (UUJN) only gives MPN an authority to examine and make decisions based on reports of people who have been violated by Notary. This can be seen in Article 73 paragraph (1) of the UUJN which states that "The Regional Supervisory Council is authorized to hold sessions to examine and make decisions on public reports that can be submitted through the Regional Supervisory Council". Through a normative legal research, this paper consist on two central issues. First, the legal reasoning of new authority of MPN and its consistence with Notary Act. Second, the discourse of this new authority obtained by MPN with the principle of certainty and substantive justice.
Generation of a poloidal magnetic field in a noncollisional plasma by an elliptically polarized Gaussian laser beam

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The generation of poloidal magnetic field in an inhomogeneous cold, collisionless plasma by an elliptically polarized Gaussian laser beam is discussed. A field in the range of megagauss is induced by the laser inhomogeneity effect even for a normal incident beam. This field scales as I 0 λ, where I 0 and λ are the intensity and wavelength of the laser beam, respectively, and is independent of the density profile structure. The small angular correction factor due to focal spot asymmetry scales as ∼ I 0 λ 3 and may be significant for a small-sized plasma with a steep density profile. The limitation of our model is discussed, with possible implications.
The accurate evaluation of a particular Fermi-Dirac integral

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we provide a simple and very accurate numerical method to evaluate a particular two-dimensional Fermi-Dirac integral that arises in the plasma transport theory. The proposed method involves suitable coordinate and variable transformations which eliminate variable limits of integration. The resulting inner integral is evaluated by a trapezoidal integration with pole correction. The outer integral is evaluated by the IMT scheme. We provide reasonable error bounds. The results agree very well with the results of Fullerton and Rinker, who employ a combination of quadrature, asymptotic methods and Chebyshev fitting.