jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Accuracy of the Height Dimensions of Forgings for Cold Volumetric Stamping Processes by the Computational and Analytical Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In mechanical engineering, product quality indicators are inextricably linked with the accuracy of machining parts. The dimensions, shape and location of the surfaces obtained during processing determine the actual gaps and tightnesses in the joints of machine parts, and consequently, the technical parameters that affect the quality, reliability and economic performance of production and operation. Very often in practice, the achievable accuracy of processing, including cold volumetric stamping (HOS), is judged by the accuracy tables contained in special reference literature. Such tables contain indicative data on achievable accuracy for various technological operations, obtained by systematization of direct long-term observations in production conditions. However, the peculiarities of individual operations do not allow us to give a conclusion about the accuracy of stamping by analogy with other operations, since there is no comprehensive similarity between them. In particular, the sizes and shape of the initial blanks differ, mechanical the properties of their material, the friction conditions in the die cavity, the characteristics of the press used and other technological factors. Thus, taking into account the listed circumstances, in each specific case it is necessary to calculate the accuracy of processing, which should have the ultimate goal not only to obtain a numerical result, but first of all to disclose the mechanisms of accuracy control. The calculation of the processing accuracy should be carried out taking into account the methods of obtaining dimensions and methods of setting up the technological system. The article is devoted to the computational and analytical method for calculating the forging accuracy based on the application of the theory of parametric sensitivity.
Semiconducting Polymer Dots with Dual‐Enhanced NIR‐IIa Fluorescence for Through‐Skull Mouse‐Brain Imaging

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Fluorescence probes in the NIR‐IIa region show drastically improved imaging owing to the reduced photon scattering and autofluorescence in biological tissues. Now, NIR‐IIa polymer dots (Pdots) are developed with a dual fluorescence enhancement mechanism. First, the aggregation induced emission of phenothiazine was used to reduce the nonradiative decay pathways of the polymers in condensed states. Second, fluorescence quenching was minimized by different levels of steric hindrance to further boost the fluorescence. The resulting Pdots displayed a fluorescence QY of ca. 1.7 % in aqueous solution, suggesting an enhancement of ca. 21 times in comparison with the original polymer in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. Small‐animal imaging by using the NIR‐IIa Pdots exhibited a remarkable improvement in penetration depth and signal to background ratio, as confirmed by through‐skull and through‐scalp fluorescent imaging of the cerebral vasculature of live mice.
Type 1 Diabetes and its Effects on Active/Inactive Goal Priming for Exercise

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study determines whether priming (active or inactive) for exercise can be influenced by a chronic disease such as type 1 diabetes. Results were analyzed using a 2x2 between-subjects ANOVA to examine the influences of goal priming and a hypothetical chronic illness (type 1 diabetes) on the participant’s intention to engage in active/inactive behaviors. Participants who were actively primed remained active even after the hypothetical diabetes diagnosis. Additionally, for participants that were inactively primed and given type 1 diabetes increased their active behavior outcomes/choices relative to those participants who were not given type 1 diabetes after being inactively primed. The results of this particular study may lead us to encourage kids to engage in an active lifestyle early that will carry over to their future lifestyle which may or may not include a chronic illness. Therefore, the chronic illness will not severely impact these active behaviors to stay healthy.
Evaluation of the influence of arsenic on embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Arsenic is one of heavy metal elements which is dangerous to human and aquatic animals. Accumulating in the body,arsenic causes serious damage to organ systems such as the nervous system, circulatory system, digestive system, reproductive system, ect and even cancer, skin cancer is the most common type. This study aims to evaluate the influences of Arsenic (As) concentrations on different stages in embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio): blastura, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula and hatching. After mating, embryos were exposed to As in the examined concentrations: 0, 20, 50, 80, 110, 140, 170, 200, 230, 260 µg/L in the Hank’s embryonic medium. It was observed that the survival rate of embryonic zebrafish decreased gradually corresponding to the increasing the concentration of As and the development stages of the embryo. However, examined concentrations of As in this study did not reach the threshold lethal concentration (LCt50) of embryos. With the increasing of examined As concentrations, the heartbeat increased linearly, the body turning beat of each stage decreased linearly. The highest heartbeat was 237.73±1.87 beat/min in 260 µg/L concentration while it was 197.60±2.20 beat/min in the control group (p < 0.05) in the hatching stage. The lowest body turning was 2.53 beat/min while it was 5.50 beat/min (p < 0.05) in the control group in the pharyngula stage. Moreover, the As prolonged the hatching duration and reduced the hatching rate of embryonic zebrafish, after 72 hour fertilization, the hatching rate was 77.78% in 260 µg/L concentration while it was 98.86% in the control group (p < 0.05).
Impact Analysis of Solar PV Integration and Heating System Retrofit: a District-Level Energy System Model

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The transition from fossil-based to renewable energy systems requires the integration of decentralized energy technologies such as solar photovoltaic (PV). Therefore, it is essential to evaluate multi-energy systems with different spatial and time resolutions. This study presents the first results of a multi-energy system model for the evaluation of district-level energy scenarios in Swiss communities. The model assesses both heat and electricity demand while estimating the potential for integrating decentralized renewables and retrofitting fossil heating systems with low- emission alternatives. Computations are carried out with an hourly resolution and timeframes of one year. The model was applied to a Swiss community, assessing solar PV integration and the effect of replacing fossil heating systems. It was shown that the replacement of fossil-based heating systems poses a significant potential for reducing carbon emissions. The impact of solar PV integration diminishes with increasing share of utilized potential due to a demand- supply mismatch and lack of storage and demand-side flexibility considerations.
Compact Rat-Race Hybrid Coupler Using Slow Wave and Left-Handed Transmission Lines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Based on provided convenient design equations for slow wave transmission lines and metamaterial line, a very compact rat-race hybrid coupler is proposed using three slow wave lines and one metamaterial line. At the design frequency of 2GHz, the size of the proposed coupler is 2.3cm × 2.7cm, which is a 74% reduction compared with the conventional one. Despite the considerable size reduction, the theoretical bandwidths based on |S11|, |S31|, ∠S21-∠S31, and ∠S24-∠S34, have been improved by 9%, 7%, 31%, and 59%, respectively. The measured performances are in reasonable agreement with the theoretical ones.
Attention as a Compass: Efficient Exploration for Process-Supervised RL in Reasoning Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown remarkable success in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Process-Supervised RL (PSRL) has emerged as a more effective paradigm compared to outcome-based RL. However, existing PSRL approaches suffer from limited exploration efficiency, both in terms of branching positions and sampling. In this paper, we introduce a novel PSRL framework (AttnRL), which enables efficient exploration for reasoning models. Motivated by preliminary observations that steps exhibiting high attention scores correlate with reasoning behaviors, we propose to branch from positions with high values. Furthermore, we develop an adaptive sampling strategy that accounts for problem difficulty and historical batch size, ensuring that the whole training batch maintains non-zero advantage values. To further improve sampling efficiency, we design a one-step off-policy training pipeline for PSRL. Extensive experiments on multiple challenging mathematical reasoning benchmarks demonstrate that our method consistently outperforms prior approaches in terms of performance and sampling and training efficiency.
An analysis of the advantages of Stamm and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of 221 Stamm gastrostomies were analyzed in order to compare this technique to the recently reported percutaneous endoscopic technique (PEG). Cited advantages of the PEG technique, including avoidance of general anesthesia, shorter procedure time, safety, bedside convenience and cost savings, are addressed. Several disadvantages and possible hazards of the PEG are identified.
Factors shaping spectators’ consumption patterns: controversial arisings from an international sport tourism event

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose Sport events’ contribution to the destinations’ local economy implies in-depth knowledge of the economic benefits generated by non-resident spectators (NRS). Thus, this study aims to answer: What is the profile and shaping factors of the consumption patterns of the several types of NRS in international surf tourism events? Design/methodology/approach A total of 263 questionnaires applied to the NRS of an international surf event were collected and analysed. The identification of the NRS profile and the predictive factors of their total expenditure were performed through the correlation of factors and multiple linear regression, respectively. Findings Mostly, the event attracted generation Y NRS, with a high level of education and regular sport practice. The results showed differences among the NRS: the “casuals” included more women than men; the “extensioners” integrated the NRS whose surfing practice is higher; the “event visitors”/”time switchers” mostly integrated the domestic tourism flows; the “casuals” and “extensioners” spent the most at the destination, and those whose intention to recommend/revisit the destination, respectively, was higher; and the shaping factor that most influenced the increase in NRS expenditure was the overnight stay, added by older age, higher education level and foreign origin. Originality/value Regardless of the initial motivation that led to the trip to the destination, the results verified that the event’s attributes are capable of contributing to the recommendation/visitation of the destination. Consequently, the study of economic benefits (tangible and intangible) provided by sport events in destinations should be guided by an integrative analysis of NRS.
Filing Experiments and Structural Analysis of Human Body

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

On the human-rifle system, the human body is affected by the firing impact. The firing impact will reduce the firing accuracy and change the initial shooting posture. Therefore the study of biomechanical characteristics using human-rifle modeling and numerical investigation is needed. The musculoskeletal model is developed by finite element method using beam and spar elements. In this study structural analysis has been performed in order to investigate the human body impact by firing of 5.56mm small caliber machine gun. The firing experiments with the standing shooting postureg were performed to verify analytical results. The result if this study shows analytical displacements of the human-rifle system and experimental displacements of the real firing. As the results, the analytical displacement and stress of human body are presented.
Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia: Cognitive and Neuroscience Approaches

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Research with schizophrenics is reviewed in the areas of the startle reflex, subject-initiated evoked potentials, and two-stimulus evoked potentials. A hypothesis of an early (pre-100 ms) information-processing deficit is posited and further refined by results presented from brain evoked potentials during a backward-masking experiment. The implications of these findings for the speech component of schizophrenic thought disorder are speculated upon, with specific reference to failures of temporal sequencing control that may underlie schizophrenic speech dysfunction and may be attributable to defective thalamic control. Recent neuroanatomical findings of abnormalities in the hippocampus and thalamus of schizophrenics are presented, and considered as likely contributors to the early information-processing deficits posited.
Axiomatic Foundations of Efficiency Measurement on Data-Generated Technologies

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Dmitruk and Koshevoy [1991 JET] provided a complete characterization of the class of technologies for which there exists an efficiency index satisfying the Fare-Lovell [1978 JET] axioms. The technologies implicit in the standard mathematical-programming methods of measuring efficiency, data envelopment analysis (DEA) and free-disposal-hull (FDH) analysis, belong to this class. We assess the ability of three well-known indexes, the Debreu-Farrell index, the Fare-Lovell index, and the Zieschang index, to satisfy not only the Fare-Lovell axioms but also continuity axioms (for technologies as well as input quantities), on this restricted class of technologies. Our principal conclusions are that (a) restriction to these data-based technologies adds continuity in input quantities to the properties satisfied by the Fare-Lovell and the Zieschang indexes (thus eliminating a salient advantage of the Debreu-Farrell index), but (b) none of the indexes satisfies all Fare-Lovell axioms (nor all continuity axioms) on either DEA or FDH technologies, and hence (c) trade-offs among the indexes remain. These findings provide motivation for the search for an index that does satisfy these axioms on DEA and FDH technologies.
Experimental study on pure Brookite synthesis method

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Brookite is a polymorph of titanium dioxide along with anatase and rutile. The latter two have been extensively researched on as a photocatalyst. Synthesis of brookite is relatively difficult as compared to anatase or rutile due to its metastable phase and converts readily to the other polymorphs. Therefore, little study has been done on its photocatalytic properties. Several differing and contradicting methods have claimed to produce singlephase brookite through varying techniques, which can be broadly categorized into hydrothermal and thermolysis methods. The objective of this study is to identify and synthesize single-phase pure brookite by hydrothermal or thermolysis methods, or both. Synthesis parameters have been altered to obtain the single-phase brookite. The powders were analysed through means of X-Ray diffraction and the Rietveld refinement. While the various synthesis methods did not result in single-phase brookite, varying weight percent of brookite were present, which allowed comparison of the various methods. The project identified several key factors definite to influence brookite yield. Hydrothermal methods using acidic or slightly alkaline medium were able to give higher brookite yield. Extended aging period of over 60 hours allowed for brookite formation as well. Refining the process in Experiment 7 to obtain single-phase brookite through changing the parameters of by peptization to separate brookite from the other phases is also recommended. Refining the synthesis parameters is recommended for future works to identify the optimal characteristics to create an improved brookite photocatalyst.
Christian education and nation building: promoting ethnicity and identity among the Ewes in Atlanta, Georgia through the study of Ewe language and culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A Ghanaian proverb in Akan language says, obi nkyere akwadaa Onyame. This literally means nobody shows a child who God is. Naturally, the child grows up into this knowledge of God. This growth is spontaneous through informal education embedded within the child's mother tongue and the culture within which he or she was born. Our culture is rich with various attributes to God. Such attributes are proverbial and also observed in the names given to people. With the lack of knowledge of the child's mother tongue, the language and culture that carry these attributes to God, the child is deprived of the knowledge of God. The problem of modernization and easy movement of people from one place to another in quest of economic, political, educational or religious prosperity or freedom has divorced people from their mother tongues and culture. Thus plunged into foreign cultures and languages, unforeseen social problems leading to frustration and isolation are created. Such problems ostracize people making them strangers to their homelands. Future generations have a total loss of the mother tongue since they only communicate in the foreign language of their residence. My project which is promoting ethnicity and identity among Ewes in Atlanta, Georgia through the study of Ewe language and culture is one way of addressing the above problem facing most immigrants in foreign lands. I started a center of worship and the study of Ewe language and culture here in Atlanta. The center provides opportunities for learning of the language and culture which are largely used in worship. This type of fellowship galvanizes the Ewes in Atlanta, and provides a platform for the learning and speaking of the language and putting cultural values in practice. It is a proof-text that we can be bilingual and bi-cultural as resident aliens. It is a call to end unconscious child-cultural abuse committed by parents who do not take pains to teach their children the mother tongue and the culture of their origin. To submit a child to a culture that diminishes the child's self-worth or self-esteem is tantamount to child-cultural abuse which this project seeks to address.
TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examined direct and indirect impact of technological progres on human development, with income disparities and povertyas moderating variables. Except data on technical progress, all data were collected from National Statistics Agency. A path model of analysis was empolyed to examine direct and indirect impacts.There were four paths to be analysed: direct impact (Path-1: P 41 ) and indirect impacts : (Path-2: P 43 x P 31 , Path-3: P 43 x P 32 x P 21 and Path-4 : P 42 x P 21 ). Four hypothesis had been tested.The results showed that impact of technological progress on human development were negative, both direct and indirect.
A new record of Xiphinema dentatum Sturhan, 1978 and description of X. paradentatum sp. n. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Serbia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A population of Xiphinema dentatum , found in a new locality in Serbia, is briefly described and illustrated. Xiphinema paradentatum sp. n. is described and illustrated. It is a parthenogenetic species characterised by its medium to moderately long body (3.71-5.02 mm), open C-shaped when heat-relaxed, lip region frontally almost flattened, laterally rounded and separated from the rest of the body by a weak depression; a moderately long odontostyle (147-166 μ m), guide ring located at 137-153 μ m from anterior end; two equally developed genital tracts having a pseudo-Z-organ in uterus in the form of several irregular angular sclerotised bodies – apophyses located in the vicinity of the pars dilatata uteri and devoid of spines; tail broadly and symmetrically rounded, and four juvenile developmental stages. Molecular characterisation using the ribosomal ITS and the D2-D3 expansion domains of the 28S rRNA gene was done and maximum likelihood analysis was used to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of X. dentatum and X. paradentatum sp. n. from Serbia with other longidorids.
Effects of Quintessence Dark Energy on the Action Growth and Butterfly Velocity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this work we are about to investigate the effects of quintessence dark energy on evolution of the computational complexity relating to the AdS/CFT correspondence. We use “complexity=action” conjecture for a charged AdS black hole surrounded by the dark energy at the quintessence regime. Then we try to find some conditions on the quintessence parameters where the Lloyd bound is satisfied in presence of affects of the quintessence dark energy on the complexity growth at the late time approximations. We compare late time approximation of the action growth by perturbed geometry in small limits of shift function. Actually we investigate the evµolution of complexity when thermofield double state on the boundaries is perturbed by local operator corresponding to a shock wave geometry as holographically. Furthermore we seek spread of local shock wave on the black hole horizon in presence of the quintessence dark energy.
Pteridines. VII. The Synthesis of 2-Alkylaminopteridines1,2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPteridines. VII. The Synthesis of 2-Alkylaminopteridines1,2E. C. Taylor Jr. and C. K. CainCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 7, 1644–1647Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01127a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (511 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts