jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
NEW APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUPPLEMENT BASED ON BIFIDOBACTERIUM BIFIDUM METABOLITES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

НОВЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К РАЗРАБОТКЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНОЙ ДОБАВКИ НА ОСНОВЕ МЕТАБОЛИТОВ BIFIDOBACTERIUM BIFIDUMПОПОВ В.С., доктор ветеринарных наук, главный научный сотрудник
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Genome analysis reveals pili in Group B Streptococcus.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pili are essential virulence factors in many Gram-negative bacteria; however, they have not been described in most important Gram-positive pathogens. While screening the sequence of multiple genomes of Group B Streptococcus, we identified protective antigens that formed high molecular weight polymers. Immunogold electron microscopy revealed that the structures have a pilus-like form. These large structures have gone unrecognized in decades of studies of Group B Streptococcus. PMID: 15994549 Funding information This work was supported by: NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U01-AI060693-01
PERSONALIZATION OF USER INTERFACES IN E-COMMERCE AND M-COMMERCE APPLICATIONS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

E-commerce and m-commerce consist of transactions conducted over (wired or wireless) computer networks, either by users purchasing goods, information and services, or directly between organizations. Given the existing limitations and enhancements on the mobile Internet, the preferences of users are noticeably affected. Among other factors, contextsensitivity of mobile devices emphasizes the importance of personalization technology. Personalization involves software that learns behaviors, inclinations, and patterns. It is an important step in the direction of alleviating information overload, creating a friendlier environment for each individual user and thus establishing trustworthy relationships between organizations and users. In our work we focus on the customization factor of e-/m-commerce interfaces and we outline how the main interface design choices (related to content, presentation, community and commerce), can be personalized.
St. Petersburg LGBTQI+ Activists Negotiating Financial and Symbolic Resources

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Since the 2000s, the St. Petersburg LGBTQI+ movement has increasingly become part of the transnational human rights movement. Taking part in transnational networks and receiving financial and moral support from them have been vital both for the establishment of the Russian LGBTQI+ movement and its sustainability. Meanwhile, the movement has become manifold and multidimensional, consisting of various actors involved in organizations and self-organizing activist groups. This chapter examines the ways in which self-organizing groups in St. Petersburg that have only periodic funding for their activities—or no funding at all—acquire, employ, and develop symbolic resources. I analyze their relationships to well-established and mostly foreign-funded LGBTQI+ organizations as well as the types of resources from which they benefit and the ways in which those resources are provided.
Complete coding sequence of dengue virus serotype 4 isolated from field-caught mosquitoes in Thailand

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

This report is the first to characterise the complete coding sequence of a dengue virus serotype 4 (DENV-4) genotype I that was isolated from field-caught mosquitoes from an endemic area in Thailand in June 2013. The sequence was assembled from high-throughput sequencing reads generated by Illumina HiSeq. Three out of four observed intra-sample variants caused an amino acid variation in C, NS2B, and NS5 genes. The C4279T variant located in the NS2B gene can indirectly affect the proteolytic activity of the NS3 protein. The sequence provided in this study might be useful for the epidemiological study of DENV-4.
Synthesis and Properties of Dinucleoside Monophosphates Containing 2-Aminoadenine 8,2′-S- and Uracil 6,2′-O-Cyclonucleosides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Two sequence isomers of dinucleoside monophosphates containing 8,2′-anhydro-2,6-diamino-8-mercapto-9-β-D-arabinofuranosylpurine (2NH2As) and 6,-anhydro-6-hydroxy-1-ß-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (Uo), 2NH2As pUo (1) and Uo p2NH2As (2) were synthesized by the phosphodiester method. Examination of the UV, CD and NMR spectra of these dimers led us to the conclusion that, whereas compound (1) did not take a stacked conformation, compound (2) took a well stacked conformation in which the bases were stacked along a left-handed screw axis. Both the dimers formed a complex with ethidium bromide.
Original Article Effects of In Vitro Zinc Sulphate Additive to The Semen Extender on Water Buffalo (Bubalusbubalis) Spermatozoa before and after Freezing

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Background: The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of in vitro zinc sulphate additive to semen extender on sperm parameters (progressive motility, viability, membrane integrity and DNA stability) after cryopreservation. Materials and Methods: In this Prospective longitudinal laboratory study, semen samples of 5 buffalo bulls of 3-5 years old were collected at 5 different occasions from Iran, Urmia during summer and autumn 2011, 25 samples were used in each treatment. Sperm progressive motility, viability and abnormal morphology were measured before and at 0.5 (T0), 1(T1) and 2(T2) hours after diluting semen(1:10 v/v) in Tris-citric acid based extender (without egg yolk and glycerol) at 37˚C containing none (control group), 0.072, 0.144, 0.288, 0.576 and 1.152 mg/L zinc sulphate to investigate dose and time effects. Next, a Tris-citric acid-egg yolk-glycerol extender (20 % egg yolk and 7 % glycerol) containing the same amount of zinc sulphate was prepared, diluted semen (1:10 v/v) was cooled and kept into a refrigerated chamber (4˚C) for 4 hours to equilibrate. Sperm progressive motility, viability, abnormal
Factors Influencing Mortality in Spontaneous Gastric Tumour Perforations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Spontaneous perforation of gastric cancer is a serious complication with a very high incidence of mortality. In order to evaluate the prognostic factors influencing mortality in patients with gastric tumour perforations and to clarify the optimal surgical treatment, the records of patients at one centre during a 5-year period were evaluated retrospectively. Between 1995 and 2000, 14 patients with perforated gastric cancer were operated on in the Emergency Surgical Unit of a Turkish Hospital. This figure represents 3% of all the patients with gastric cancer who were treated during the same period. The hospital mortality was 36% in patients with perforations. The duration of symptoms suggesting perforation and the presence of pre-operative shock were predictive factors of mortality. It was concluded that those patients with pre-operative shock and delayed diagnosis should be treated with extra caution to decrease mortality. Perforation and peritonitis must be treated initially and elective radical surgery delayed.
Streamlining Regulatory Processes with Blockchain Technology: Case Studies and Best Practices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article explores the capacity of blockchain technology to simplify regulatory procedures, utilising examples and successful methods from different sectors. The paper provides a thorough comprehension of how blockchain technology might improve regulatory efficiency, transparency, and accountability by analysing practical implementations and drawing insights from past experiences. The essay commences by presenting a comprehensive outline of blockchain technology and its distinctive attributes, encompassing smart contracts, consensus methods, and cryptographic hashing. Subsequently, the text delves into the difficulties and advantages of incorporating blockchain technology for regulatory objectives, emphasising its capacity to offer immediate and transparent access to information, safeguard data exchange, and streamline compliance verification. The case studies are provided as examples to demonstrate the tangible uses of blockchain technology in regulatory procedures. Notable examples of blockchain -based systems include Walmart and IBM's supply chain management system, which focuses on ensuring food safety and traceability. J. P. Morgan's Quorum platform is designed to enhance regulatory compliance in the financial services sector. MediLedger's blockchain network aims to improve regulatory compliance and supply chain transparency in the pharmaceutical industry. Lastly, Bernstein has developed a blockchainbased patent system to streamline the patent registration and enforcement process. The essay also presents recommended methods for incorporating blockchain technology into regulatory procedures, highlighting the significance of cooperation and agreement formation, uniformity and compatibility, confidentiality and protection of data, and adherence to regulatory standards and supervision. The essay recognises the obstacles and constraints associated with blockchain technology, such as scalability and performance concerns, the everchanging legal and regulatory frameworks, and the requirement for technical expertise and infrastructure.
The Impact of Earnings Management on Accounting Conservatism

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study attempts to explore and empirically examine the impact earnings management has on earnings conservatisms. I argue that in the practice of income-decreasing earning management, managers more likely accelerate the recognition of bad news in earnings than good news and it thus actually influences firms' earnings conservatism by biasing the degree of firms' earnings conservatism upwards. While in the practice of income-increasing earnings management, managers more likely speed up the recognition of good news in earnings while defer the recognition of bad news in earnings and it thus actually affects firms' earnings conservatism by biasing the degree of firms' earnings conservatism downwards. I also argue that the firms which engage in income-decreasing earnings management tend to be more conservative than the firms which engage in income-increasing earnings management.
Inhibition of neutrophil superoxide generation by shikonin is associated with suppression of cellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> fluxes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Shikonin, an anti-inflammatory compound of "Shikon", inhibits the neutrophil superoxide (O2 (•-)) generation by NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2); however, the mechanisms of how shikonin affects Nox2 activity remained unclear. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between the inhibition of Nox2 activity and influences on intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) by shikonin. For this purpose, we used a simultaneous monitoring system for detecting changes in [Ca(2+)]i (by fluorescence) and O2 (•-) generation (by chemiluminescence) and evaluated the effects of shikonin on neutrophil-like HL-60 cells stimulated with N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine (fMLP). Since fMLP activates Nox2 by elevation in [Ca(2+)]i via fluxes such as inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca(2+) release (IICR) and store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), we also evaluated the effects of shikonin on IICR and SOCE. Shikonin dose-dependently inhibited the fMLP-induced elevation in [Ca(2+)]i and O2 (•-) generation (IC50 values of 1.45 and 1.12 µM, respectively) in a synchronized manner. Analyses of specific Ca(2+) fluxes showed that shikonin inhibits IICR and IICR-linked O2 (•-) generation (IC50 values: 0.28 and 0.31 µM for [Ca(2+)]i and O2 (•-), respectively), as well as SOCE and SOCE-linked O2 (•-) generation (IC50 values: 0.39 and 0.25 µM for [Ca(2+)]i and O2 (•-), respectively). These results suggested that shikonin inhibits the O2 (•-) generation by Nox2 in fMLP-stimulated neutrophils by targeting Ca(2+) fluxes such as IICR and SOCE.
Identification of antagonists to the vasotocin receptor sub-type 4 (VT4R) involved in stress by molecular modelling and verification using anterior pituitary cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The vasotocin receptor family is homologous to the mammalian vasopressin G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. The vasotocin receptor 2 (VT2R) and 4 (VT4R) have recently been shown to play important role(s) in the neuroendocrine regulation of stress in birds. A homology-based structural model of VT4R of the domestic chicken, Gallus gallus, was built using the sophisticated SYBYL-X suite. The structure of VT4R built with and without extra- and intracellular unstructured loops showed a seven-helix transmembrane domain, which is a characteristic feature of GPCRs. Several agonists and antagonists were screened by molecular docking to map their potential binding sites on the structure of VT4R. Interestingly, the presence of the N-terminal, intracellular and extracellular loops and C-terminal amino acid sequences emerging from the transmembrane domains during molecular docking appeared to influence the binding interface of the peptide agonists and peptide/non-peptide antagonists on the VT4R. The presence of unstructured loops, however, did not affect the relative binding affinity ranking of the peptide antagonists to VT4R. In general, the natural ligand, arginine vasotocin and the peptide/non-peptide antagonists were observed to be more deeply buried in the receptor. Results of in vitro inhibition experiments, using cultured anterior pituitary cells, showed excellent agreement with the binding affinity of the antagonists predicted by molecular docking. The results of this study provide valuable clues for the rational design of novel pharmaceutical compounds capable of blocking or attenuating the stress response.
Focusing on the Scholarship of Community Engagement

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Focusing on the Scholarship of Community Engagement Sheri Spaine Long, Editor Welcome to our Special Focus Issue on “The Scholarship of Community Engagement.” Foreign language learning has undergone a notable transition from an elite pursuit to one that is actively linked to real-world activities. Therefore, our approaches to language learning have changed significantly over the last several decades from instructor-centered to learner-centered, and we are becoming more and more community focused. Language instructors of all levels have reconsidered many practices. The benefit of emphasizing community engagement is irrefutable because it provides linguistic relevance and cultural context. The AATSP Executive Council and the Hispania Editorial Board agreed that this topic is of timely interest to our membership and readership and the academic/teaching community at large. Besides this Special Issue, the AATSP recently approved its first Special Interest Group to provide a discussion forum on the topic of the Scholarship of Community Engagement. This publication, therefore, is only the beginning of a continuing scholarly conversation hosted by the AATSP. I am proud that this issue contributes significantly to the body of knowledge—both in theory and practice—about the Scholarship of Community Engagement. Definitions of community engagement in language education are present. Included are qualitative and quantitative research and case studies. Over the last two years, I have had the distinct pleasure of collaborating with several leading experts in our discipline, including Dr. Josef Hellebrandt and Dr. Ethel Jorge (see bios on the following page), who served as our Guest Editors. They did a stellar job shaping the issue. I thank them for reading, editing, and exchanging ideas about this important topic to develop the volume conceptually. I experienced the breadth and depth of their knowledge and steadfast work ethic. I invite you to read the words of our Guest Editors in “The Scholarship of Community Engagement: Advancing Partnerships in Spanish and Portuguese,” where they describe the articles and share their observations about the development of the Scholarship of Community Engagement in the context of Spanish and Portuguese studies. [End Page 201] Sheri Spaine Long, Editor Hispania Copyright © 2013 American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese, Inc
Closing the feedback loop: engaging students in large first-year mathematics test revision sessions using pen-enabled screens

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

How can active learning, peer learning and prompt feedback be achieved in large first-year mathematics classes? Further, what technologies may support these aims? In this article, we assert that test revision sessions in first-year mathematics held in a technology-enhanced lecture theatre can be highly interactive with students solving problems, learning from each other and receiving immediate feedback. This is facilitated by pen-enabled screens and synchronization software. We argue that the educational benefits achievable through the technology do outweigh the technological distractions, and that these benefits can be achieved by focused, targeted one-off sessions and not only by a semester-long, regular approach. Repeat mid-semester test revision sessions were offered on a non-compulsory basis using pen-enabled screens for all students. Students worked practice test questions and marked solutions to mathematical problems on the screens. Students' work was then displayed anonymously for their peers to see. Answers were discussed with the whole class. We discuss outcomes from two offerings of these sessions using student feedback and lecturer reflections and show the impact of participation on self-reported student confidence. Pedagogical approaches that the technology allowed for the first time in a large class are highlighted. Students responded uniformly positively.
Laser-induced phosphorescence-excitation spectra of various vibrational bands of the SO2  (3B1) -SO2  (X, 1A1) transition

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A N2-pumped tunable dye laser has been used to obtain the phosphorescence-excitation spectra at 1.00 Torr and room temperature of the 000-000, 010-000, 020-000, 100-000, and 110-000 vibrational bands of the 3B1→1A1 transition of sulfur dioxide. These spectra support earlier absorption studies regarding perturbations of the 3B1 state. The results of perturbations in the 110-000 band from K′=15 upwards are especially pronounced in the emission studies presented here.
Oral Administration of Rauwolfia Serpentina Plant Extract Mitigated Immobilization Stress-Induced Biochemical and Behavioral Deficits in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Rauwolfia Serpentina is a medicinal herb used for hypertension and psychotic disorders. In this study neuroprotective effects of Rauwolfia serpentina plant extract following the exposure to acute immobilization (2h) stress in rats were investigated. The extract of the plant administered orally at non-sedative dose 30mg/kg before immobilization (2h) to observe stress induced behavioral deficits. Neuroprotective efficacy of extract was assessed in terms of alteration in activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). We also monitored leptin, corticosterone and glucose levels in plasma to obtain an imminent role of Rauwolfia serpentina. Animals were orally administered with Rauwolfia serpentina (30mg/kg) while controls receive saline (1ml/kg). Each group was subdivided into stressed and unstressed groups. Behavioral deficits were monitored in the open field and light dark activity box. Animals were decapitated; plasma samples were collected for CAT, SOD, corticosterone, leptin and glucose estimation. Orally administered Rauwolfia serpentina attenuates stress induced behavioral deficits and rise antioxidant enzymes levels. Plant extract also prevents the stress-induced increase in corticosterone but glucose levels do not manifest any significant change. Immobilization stress (2h) induced decrease of plasma leptin levels were reversed by Rauwolfia serpentina. Therefore, the present study suggests that Rauwolfia serpentina has potentiality to antagonize undesirable effects of immobilization stress (2h) by reducing stress perception and inhibitory effects of stress on the activity of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and animal behaviors. Despite an apparent role of Rauwolfia serpentina the mechanism of action at molecular level causing the acute anxiolytic effects of oral administration of plant extract remains to be determined.
Multiline Lasers for Fluorescence Microscopy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Fluorescence microscopy instrumentation relies on illumination sources to excite fluorophores. Common illumination sources are LEDs, super‐continuum white‐light sources, or single‐wavelength lasers. Lasers are primarily used for high‐resolution and high‐throughput imaging techniques, and each wavelength excites a different set of fluorophores. In order to efficiently excite multiple fluorophores, it is necessary to use many single‐wavelength lasers in one instrument or experiment. This strengthens the content and quality of results. Along with the advantage of activating more fluorophores comes the challenge of integrating each of the individual wavelengths required.
Ecological effects on metabolic scaling: amphipod responses to fish predators in freshwater springs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Metabolic rate is commonly thought to scale with body mass to the 3/4 power as a result of universal body design constraints. However, recent comparative work has shown that the metabolic-scaling slope may vary significantly among species and higher taxa, apparently in response to different lifestyles and ecological conditions, though the precise mechanisms involved are not well understood. To better understand these underappreciated ecological effects and their causes, it is important to control for extraneous phylogenetic and environmental influences. We demonstrate how this may be done by comparing the ontogenetic scaling of resting metabolic rate among populations of the same species (the amphipod Gammarus minus) in mid-Appalachian freshwater springs with similar, relatively constant environmental conditions, except for the varying presence of the predatory fish Cottus cognatus. We found that populations of G. minus exhibit significantly lower metabolic-scaling slopes (0.54–0.62) in three freshwater springs with C. cognatus than in two springs without these fish (0.76–0.77). We tested multiple hypothetical causes for these population differences. Our results best supported the hypothesis that metabolic scaling was influenced by the effects of size-selective predation on the ontogeny of growth, a metabolically expensive process. The body size scaling of growth is significantly less steep in the populations inhabiting springs with vs. without fish, thus paralleling the interpopulation differences in metabolic scaling. Prematurational growth of G. minus is as high or higher in the fish springs, whereas postmaturational growth is significantly lower, often approaching zero. Similarly, the amphipods in the fish springs tend to have higher metabolic rates at small sizes, but lower metabolic rates at large sizes, compared to those in the fishless springs. Our results do not support other hypothetical causes of the interpopulation variation in metabolic scaling, including differential scaling of cell size or low-metabolism body components (fat and mineralized exoskeleton), or possible effects of other environmental factors associated with the presence of fish. However, fish-induced population differences in adult behavioral activity may influence metabolic scaling in G. minus, a possibility under current study. We conclude that ecological factors may significantly influence metabolic scaling, contrary to common belief.