jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Landscape genetics and behavioral ecology of Greater Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Funding and equipment for this research were provided by consortium of wind energy companies and conservation organizations including: The Nature Conservancy, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Kansas State University, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Renewable Energies Laboratory, National Wind Coordinating Collaborative, Horizon Wind Energy, BP Alternative Energy, PPL Energy, FPL Energy, and Competitive Power Ventures (technical monitor for this consortium was Karin Sinclair of the National Renewable Energies Lab). I’d also like to thank Kansas State University and the Division of Biology for their support of this research. In addition to the funding sources already listed I was also supported through the National Science Foundation in the form of 1-year GK-12 fellowship, a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services Landscape Conservation Cooperative grant, and from the J.E. Weaver Competitive Grants Initiative of The Nature Conservancy.
Local and regional factors influencing zooplankton communities in the connected Kasseb Reservoir, Tunisia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Associations between zooplankton community structure and abiotic (temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, nutriments) and biotic factors (chlorophyll a and phytoplankton community) were examined, in Kasseb Reservoir, northern Tunisia.Samples were taken bimonthly from July to December 2002 at 3 sampling stations (deepest station: Station 1, Brik River: Station 2 and M'Zaz Stama River: Station 3).From our results it is evident that zooplankton exhibit seasonally and spatially heterogeneous distribution.The highest density of zooplankton was recorded in September at a depth of 5 m (10.8 × 10 3 ind•ℓ -1 ).At Station 1 cyclopoid copepods (65% of total abundance) were the most abundant group followed by Cladocera (21% of total abundance).At Station 2 (93% of total abundance) and Station 3 (98% of total abundance) cyclopoid copepods were numerically dominant throughout the study period.Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to estimate the influence of abiotic and biotic factors in structuring the zooplankton assemblage.Zooplankton abundance was negatively correlated with turbidity (r= -0.381, P <0.05).The results also suggest that both local (environmental parameters, competition, and predation) and regional (hydrologic connections and dispersal) factors have a significant effect on both species richness and community structure of zooplankton in Kasseb Reservoir.The presence of zooplankton species considered to be indicators of eutrophic status confirmed the high trophic levels of Kasseb Reservoir.
Benefits and Harms of the Mediterranean Diet Compared to Other Diets [Internet]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A large number of epidemiologic studies have investigated the association between diet and mortality and morbidity. Of particular recent interest is the Mediterranean diet, first described by Ancel Keys over 50 years ago. This diet is characterized by high intake of olive oil, fruits and vegetables, whole grains and cereals, legumes, fish, and nuts; low intake of red meat, dairy products, and sweets; and moderate intake of red wine with meals. Epidemiologic studies have shown that the incidence of cardiovascular disease in populations that consume such diets is lower than in populations that consume a more typical “Western” diet that is rich in red meat, dairy products, processed and artificially sweetened foods, and salt, with minimal intake of fruits, vegetables, fish, legumes, and whole grains.Based on these epidemiologic studies, several randomized controlled trials were conducted to test the hypothesis that adopting a Mediterranean diet in adulthood reduces chronic disease burden (eg, incidence of and/ or mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, cognitive impairment, and kidney disease) and/or all-cause mortality (viz, PREDIMED, Lyon Heart Study, THIS-DIET). These trials included populations from a variety of geographical locations and with a spectrum of demographic and clinical characteristics.Although several systematic reviews of the relevant observational studies and clinical trials have been published, the VA's Evidence-based Synthesis Program, in conjunction with the Office of Quality and Performance and in response to a request from the VA's National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention and Primary Care Services, commissioned the present study to update prior reviews and to specifically assess the implications for the treatment and prevention of common chronic conditions in the Veteran population.
A Seamless Mode Transfer Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller for Thermoelectric Generator Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A boost-cascaded-with-buck converter based power conditioning system employing a seamless mode transfer maximum power point tracking controller is proposed to maximize energy production of a thermoelectric generator while balancing the vehicle battery charging, alternator output power, and vehicle load. When a maximum power point exceeds a load demand, the proposed controller switches to a power matching mode seamlessly by a dual loop control system, which detects the input and output voltages and currents of the boost-cascaded- with-buck converter, and adjusts the commands accordingly. Both voltage and current loops are designed in frequency domain using small signal models to ensure stable operation. A mode selection and command voltage and current are determined by a digital signal processor based controller. Experimental results with dynamic source and load steps are presented to show effectiveness of the proposed approach.
colorimeter

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Citation: 'colorimeter' in the IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 3rd ed.; International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2006. Online version 3.0.1, 2019. 10.1351/goldbook.C01179 • License: The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International for individual terms. Requests for commercial usage of the compendium should be directed to IUPAC.
Reply to Forster et al.: Quantifying demic movement and local recruitment in the spread of horse domestication

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Quantifying demic movement and local recruitment in the spread of horse domesticationForster et al. (1) claim that we (2) have misrepresented their publication "Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse" (3).In our introduction we state ". .., the multiple-origins scenario is commonly invoked to account for the large number of female lineages in the domestic horse gene pool, citing the paper by Jansen et al (reference 6 in our paper) among others.We maintain that we cite the paper by Jansen et al. correctly, because i) it shows that domestic horses retain a large number of female lineages and ii) it is frequently cited as supporting a multiple domestication scenario.For example, "It [the horse] is thought to have been domesticated on numerous independent occasions. ..(3, . .., . ..)" (4)."A pattern (. ..) of multiple domestication events has been proposed for horses (3). . .." (5)."The history of horse domestication has been investigated largely from mitochondrial and Y chromosome sequences (. ..).Multiple domestication events have been suggested to occur (. . .3)" (6).Indeed, Jansen et al themselves state, ". ..Assuming our interpretation of multiple genetic horse origins is correct, etc."Although we acknowledge that, in their discussion, Jansen et al. speculate on a domestication scenario similar to the one recovered by our quantitative model, it was beyond the scope of our article to review the countless scenarios of the origin and spread of horse domestication that have been hypothesized in the past, especially since none of them were sufficiently supported by data.
Power Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Heavy Workers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Sedentary life style deteriorates Cardiac autonomic nervous activities (CANA). Regular physical activity may improve CANA. Objective: Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed by Power Spectral method in heavy workers to find out the influence of regular physical activity on CANA. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on 30 heavy workers aged 28-50 years (study group), at the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) over a period of 1 year. Simultaneously 30 sedentary workers of high socioeconomic status (group C) were studied to observe the influence of socioeconomic condition on heart rate variability (HRV). For comparison thirty age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic condition matched apparently healthy sedentary subjects (control) were also studied. The study subjects were selected from rickshaw-pullers living in the slum area nearby the university and the controls from fourth class employee of the university. Group C were selected from the doctors serving in the university and some from personal contacts. Total power, low frequency (LF) power, high frequency (HF) power, LF nu (neutralized unit), HF nu and LF/HF ratio were assessed and analyzed by a Polygraph. For statistical analysis, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Independent-samples t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient tests were done. Results: Total power, HF power and HF nu were significantly (p<0.001) higher and LF power, LF nu and LF/HF ratio were significantly (p<0.001) lower in heavy workers than those of sedentary subjects. Total power and HF nu showed positive correlations and LF nu and LF/HF ratio showed negative correlation with duration of works per day but all these correlations were statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Regular physical activity improves cardiac autonomic nerve function status with a cardiac parasympathetic predominance. Key words: Power spectral analysis (PSA); cardiac autonomic nervous activities (CANA); heavy workers; sedentary workers DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i1.8620 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 7, No 1 (June) 2011; 15-19
Solving hyperelastic problems using mixed LSFEM

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The focus of this contribution is the solution of hyperelastic problems using the least‐squares finite element method (LSFEM). In particular a mixed least‐squares finite element formulation is provided and applied on geometrically nonlinear problems. The basis for the element formulation is a div‐grad first‐order system consisting of the equilibrium condition and the constitutive equation both written in a residual form. An L 2 ‐norm is adopted on the residuals leading to a functional depending on displacements and stresses which has to be minimized. Therefore the first variations with respect to both free variables have to be zero. The solution can then be found by applying Newton's Method. For the continuous approximation of the displacements in W 1, p with p > 2, standard polynomials are used. Shape functions belonging to a Raviart‐Thomas space are applied for the stress interpolation. These vector‐valued functions ensure a conforming discretization of the Sobolev space H ( div , Ω). Finally the proposed formulation is tested in a numerical example. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
To history of ichthiofaunistic research of Karkinitsky Gulf of the Black sea

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The article is focused on the history of studing the fishfauna of Karkinitsky Gulf of the Black Sea in the XX–XXI centuries. There have been singled out three stages in studying fishfauna of the region: since the late 50’s of the XIX century up to the early 20th century. (K. F. Kessler); at the turn of the 20th century (expeditions of S. A. Zernov, later – researches of L. V. Arnoldi, V. A. Vodyanitsky, K. A. Vinogradov, etc.) up to the 60s of the 20th century; since 2008 to the present day (A. R. Boltachev, E. P. Karpova). Data on the fishfauna of Karkinitsky Gulf during a half-century period has been found insufficient: since late 50s of the 20th century up to the beginning of the 21st century. There has been shown the importance of Karkinitsky Gulf as a habitat for the rare protected fish species and the feeding area of valuable fish juveniles. The influence of anthropogenic factors over the past 50 years has been proved to cause qualitative changes in the composition of the fishfauna of Karkinitsky Gulf: degradation of the seagrass biocenosis in shallow bays caused by siltation due to the discharge of fresh water from the fields and rice paddies, and the replacement of native ichthyofauna by freshwater species. The importance of systematic studies in this area is emphasized to assess the status of the fishfauna of Karkinitsky Gulf
Subcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) secondary to therapeutic hypothermia with persistent leucocytosis in a neonate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a term male neonate, born to consanguineous parents through a difficult labour who needed resuscitation at birth, followed by ventilation for respiratory distress. In view of suspected Hypoxic Ischemic Injury, he was started on whole body cooling for 72 hours. He was treated as suspected sepsis with 5 days of intravenous antibiotics. On day 6, he was noted to have hard, painless skin nodules of his back and left arm which was clinically diagnosed as subcutaneous fat necrosis. His serum calcium and phosphate levels remained normal throughout hospital stay. His full blood counts and bone profile were monitored regularly. During follow-up at 6 weeks, his white cell counts continued to be high with 69% lymphocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first case of SCFN of a neonate associated with persistent leucocytosis. Haematological and metabolic complications should be closely monitored in a neonate with subcutaneous fat necrosis.
Wavelets: Tools for Science and Technology

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Preface to Revised Edition Preface from the First Edition 1. Signals and Wavelets 2. Wavelets from a Historical Perspective 3. Quadrature Mirror Filters 4. Pyramid Algorithms for Numerical Image Processing 5. Time-Frequency Analysis for Signal Processing 6. Time-Frequency Algorithms Using Malvar-Wilson Wavelets 7. Time-Frequency Analysis and Wavelet Packets 8. Computer Vision and Human Vision 9. Wavelets and Turbulence 10. Wavelets and Multifractal Functions 11. Data Compression and Restoration of Noisy Images 12. Wavelets and Astronomy Appendix A. Filter Fundamentals Appendix B. Wavelet Transforms Appendix C. A Counterexample Appendix D. Holder Spaces and Besov Spaces Bibliography Author Index Subject Index.
Predominance of gluconate formation from glucose during germination of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 spores

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Metabolic pathways of glucose during germination of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 spores were studied by using specifically labeled glucose and gluconate. The Embden-Meyerhof pathway, the pentose cycle, and the direct oxidation route of glucose to gluconate (the gluconate pathway) were all operative at this stage; among those, gluconate accumulation was most predominant, especially in the early stage. Potassium fluoride, an enolase inhibitor, abolished the catabolism by the Embden-Meyerhof pathway totally without affecting gluconate accumulation. Under these conditions glucose was exclusively oxidized to gluconate. Gluconate thus accumulated could be metabolized further via phosphorylation by gluconate kinase. Remarkable gluconate accumulation was also demonstrated in several other spores requiring alanine as an effective germinant. NADH formed by the direct glucose oxidation may serve as a initial ATP source to phosphorylate glucose in germinating spores.
Pathways to Leadership in Plastic Surgery: A Cross-sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: There are many pathways to leadership, but few historically were designed with women in mind. This study aimed to report on common trends, characteristics, pathways, and achievements among successful women plastic surgery leaders today. Methods: A Qualtrics survey targeted at leaders in plastic surgery was distributed to all established/active members of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons as of 2023. Participation was voluntary, unincentivized, and anonymous. Results: We received 227 completed surveys, 116 of whom were women, and 90 (77.6%) of whom self-identified as women leaders. Seventy percent decided on pursuing a fellowship; the top 3 subspecialties were microsurgery (30%), hand (17%), and craniofacial (13%). Of self-identified leaders, 54.5% completed at least 1 year of dedicated research during training, 32.0% hold a leadership position in a national professional organization, 18% hold a leadership position in academia, 6.7% on an editorial board, 14% in healthcare management, and 4% in industry and politics. The top 3 qualities that women leaders felt they possessed were integrity (17%), grit (13%), and dependability (12%). Our cohorts’ top 3 recommendations that younger aspiring women leaders should prioritize are identifying networks (30%), seeking mentorship (22%), and harnessing inner drive (15%). Fifty-two percent of current women leaders were inspired by their mentors who held similar positions; 39% had a woman mentor. Conclusions: Women are successful as leaders, and herein lies the profiles of what that looks like today. The majority demonstrated integrity and grit, have prioritized having an impact on the field, and have attributed mentorship and networking to their success.
Effect of the Initial Microstructure and Thermal Path on the Final Microstructure and Bendability of a High Strength Ferrite-martensite Dual Phase Steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>The combined effects of the initial microstructure and heating rate on ferrite recrystallization, austenite formation and transformation kinetics of a regular ferrite-martensite dual phase steel are investigated. Special attention is given to the effect of the martensite distribution on mechanical properties, particularly the bendability. Ferrite recrystallization in the cold rolled bainitic grade proceeds faster than in the ferrite-pearlite grade. The reason for this is the higher defect density leading to a lower activation energy. The junctions between the cementite and the ferrite grain boundaries are the preferred austenite nucleation sites. Those ferrite boundaries far away from the cementite can only be invaded by austenite through carbon supplied by cementite dissolution and carbon segregation. When using a high heating rate, nucleation of austenite can occur in a massive-like manner, and the austenite transformation kinetics is remarkably accelerated. The bendability of DP steel is determined by a combination of structural parameters, such as grain size, volume fraction as well as spatial distribution of martensite. A short in-line holding-step during heating can alleviate the banding severity and improve the bendability of this ferrite-martensite DP steel.</p>
Response to Thyagarajan et al’s

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

audit: ‘‘An audit of corneal abrasion management following the introduction of local guidelines in an accident and emergency department.’’ We read with interest the audit by Thyagarajan et al1 of corneal abrasion man-agement after the introduction of local guidelines in an accident and emergency department, and believe it is worth specifi-cally highlighting why it is so important to ask about contact lens use in the history as illustrated by the following case: A 30-year-old contact lens wearer recently presented with a 2-day history of a painful, red left eye. Topical chloramphenicol had been started 24 h before for a corneal abrasion. The best corrected visual acuity of her left eye was counting fingers. Examination showed a severe central corneal ulcer. The patient was admitted for intensive topical ofloxacin. Culture results showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resistant to chloram-phenicol. Four months later, the best cor-rected visual acuity of her left eye was 6/18 due to residual stromal scarring. Contact lens use is the most important risk factor for the development of microbial keratitis,2 3 a potentially sight-threatening condition if correct treatment is not started promptly. In a 15-year retrospective review of antibiotic resistance in bacterial keratitis in London,.30 % of the isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol,4 the usual prophylactic treatment in the UK for corneal abrasions. The incidence of chloramphenicol resistance increased markedly during the study period, and is attributable to an increase in the proportion of Pseudomonas species isolates,4 which are the most frequently found organ-isms in contact lens-related corneal ulcers.5 As the early signs of microbial keratitis can be subtle, we recommend that all contact lens wearers who have a red, sore eye with a corneal epithelial defect should be referred to the eye unit for urgent assessment.
A Road to Peace? A case study of an Asian Development Bank financed road improvement project through contested territories in Myanmar

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This qualitative case study of the ADB-financed Kawakareik to Eindu road improvement project explores the ways in which a single development intervention interferes with local conflict dynamics in an ethnic minority area affected by subnational conflict, in the context of the unfolding peace-process in Myanmar. The main research guiding this research is; In what ways does the ADB financed Kawkareik to Eindu road improvement project interact with conflict dynamics in the project area? The findings presented problematise ADB’s claim that the project will contribute to building peace, by demonstrating how unique complexities related to historical grievances and internal splits within ethnic Karen communities interfere with the way in which such a project is perceived. While this thesis does not claim to be able to dispute that the project may have some positive effects on the war-to-peace transition, findings also clearly indicate that there is a risk for volatile interactions between the objectives of accelerated economic growth and regional integration, which the road is designed to facilitate, and faith in the peace process amongst some factions of the Karen ethnic group. These findings have implications for the nascent research debate on road construction in conflict environments and the wider field of studies on the link between development interventions and conflict. (Less)
Character identification by maximizing the difference between target and non-target responses in EEG without sophisticated classifiers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a simple character identification method demonstrated by using an electroencephalogram (EEG) with a stimulus presentation technique. The method assigns a code maximizing the minimum Hamming distance between character codes. Character identification is achieved by increasing the difference between target and non-target responses without sophisticated classifiers such as neural network or support vector machine. Here, we introduce two kinds of scores reflecting the existence of the P300 component from the point of time and frequency domains. We then applied this method to character identification using a 3 × 3 matrix and compared the results to that of a conventional P300 speller. The accuracy of character identification with our method indicated a performance of 100% character identification from five subjects. In contrast, the correct character was detected in two subjects and a wrong one was detected for one subject. For the remaining two subjects, no character was detected within ten trials. Our method required 4.8 trials on average to detect the correct character.