jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Update on Aerosolized Antibiotics for Treating Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: A significant percentage of patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) have poor outcomes with intravenous antibiotics. It is not clear if adding aerosolized antibiotics improves treatment. This review is an update on using aerosolized antibiotics for treating HAP/VAP in adults. Data Sources: PubMed search using the terms “aerosolized antibiotics pneumonia,” “nebulized antibiotics pneumonia,” and “inhaled antibiotics pneumonia.” Reference lists from identified articles were also searched. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Clinical studies of aerosolized antibiotics for treating HAP/VAP in adults from July 2010 to March 2017. This article updates a previous review on this topic written in mid-2010. Data Synthesis: The size and quality of studies have improved dramatically in the recent time period compared to previous studies. However, there still are not large randomized controlled trials available. Colistin and aminoglycosides were the most commonly studied agents, and the most common pathogens were Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. The clinical efficacy of adding aerosolized antibiotics was mixed. Approximately half of the studies showed better outcomes, and none showed worse outcomes. Aerosolized antibiotics appear to be relatively safe, though pulmonary adverse events can occur. Attention to proper administration technique in mechanically ventilated patients is required, including the use of vibrating plate nebulizers. Conclusions: Adding aerosolized antibiotics to intravenous antibiotics may improve the outcomes of adult patients with HAP/VAP in some settings. It seems reasonable to add aerosolized antibiotics in patients with multidrug-resistant organisms or who appear to be failing therapy. Clinicians should pay attention to potential adverse events and proper administration technique.
Tafsir Sufistik Surat Al-Fatihah dalam Bundel Naskah Kajen Pati

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study analyzes the meaning of the text of the interpretation of Surat Al-Fatihah contained in the Kajen Pati Manuscript Bundle. This study aims to explain the meaning or content in the interpretation of Surat Al-Fatihah in the Kajen Pati Manuscript Bundle. This study uses a philological approach and isyari interpretation. A philological approach is an approach taken to analyze ancient or handwritten texts. Meanwhile, isyari's interpretation is an interpretation that explains or explains the meaning of the content of the Qur'an, which is contrary to its zahir meaning. In this study, using a qualitative analytical descriptive method means a qualitative approach that is the descriptive analysis which means merely describing the content or purpose contained in the text of the interpretation of Surat Al-Fatihah. The author found four meanings contained in the text of the interpretation of Surat Al-Fatihah Bundle Manuscript Kajen, namely first, the meaning of the spirit of bismillah as the initial foundation in doing something in everyday life. Second, the importance of the eyes and speech in using it must be accompanied or based on affection. Third, the meaning of the teaching of totality in studying something, especially religion, means not being half measured in studying theology. Fourth, the purpose of life is to be grateful.
The relationship between depression and phase II cardiac rehabilitation completion: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Depression is a serious condition experienced by many individuals diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD). Depression after CHD diagnosis has been associated with poor cardiac prognosis, cardiac mortality, and is postulated to influence adherence to physician recommendations, including attendance at cardiac rehabilitation programs. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an empirically supported secondary intervention for cardiac patients and is recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR) to reduce disease progression, however many CR participants do not complete. A number of studies have investigated depression and phase II CR programs. The goal of the current systematic literature review and meta-analysis was to explore the association between depression and phase II CR completion. A literature search cross-referenced three electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Dissertation Abstracts International) up through December 2014. Studies quantifying an association between depression and phase II CR completion were reviewed. After duplicate studies were removed and study inclusion criteria applied, 17 observational studies with 19 independent samples consisting of 30,586 cardiac patients remained for meta-analysis. A random-effects model found a moderate inverse relationship between depression and phase II CR completion (g = -.44, 95% CI -.59 to -.29), indicating that depressed CR patients were significantly less likely to complete their program. A minor amount of publication bias was detected with a funnel plot and trim-and-fill analysis. No significant moderator variables were detected.
Potential therapeutic applications of the cyclotides and related cystine knot mini-proteins

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cyclotides are naturally occurring mini-proteins that have a cyclic peptide backbone and a knotted arrangement of three disulfide bonds. They are remarkably stable and have a diverse range of therapeutically useful biological activities, including antimicrobial and anti-HIV activity, although their natural function appears to be as plant defence agents. Cyclotides are amenable to chemical synthesis and the potential exists to graft new bioactivities onto their cyclic cystine knot framework as a way of stabilising peptide drugs. Over the last few years, proof-of-concept that bioactive peptide epitopes can be grafted onto cyclotides and related cystine knot mini-proteins has been obtained. The cystine knot framework is tolerant to a wide range of residue substitutions and is showing great promise as a scaffold in drug design and protein engineering.
Preparation and Evaluation ofBuccoadhesive Patches of anAntihypertensive Drug

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Buccoadhesive patches of losartan potassium were prepared by solvent casting method using mucoadhesive polymers such as PVA and chitosan in different ratios. Propylene glycol was used as a plasticizer. Backing membrane was prepared by using polymer ethyl cellulose, solvents such as isopropyl alcohol and acetone. Dibutyl phthalate was used as a plasticizer in backing membrane.
Patches were subjected to physicochemical characterization evaluation such as thickness, weight uniformity, folding endurance, drug content, swelling index, surface pH study, buccoadhesion strength, buccoadhesion time, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation study and stability study. The FTIR spectroscopy of polymer, physical mixture and formulation indicated the compatibility of drug with excipients. Patches were found to be satisfactory when evaluated for thickness, weight uniformity, folding endurance, drug content and swelling index. The surface pH of all the patches was found to be neutral . A combination of PVA and chitosan resulted in sustained buccal drug delivery. The in vitro drug release in optimized formulation F9 was found to be 94.06 % in 8 hr.
The optimized formulation F9 also showed satisfactory pH, buccoadhesion time (520 min.), swelling index (65.6%), drug content (93.42%), buccoadhesion strength (0.1695 N), ex vivo permeation (77.97%), effective in vitro drug release (94.06) and satisfactory stability study.
Online Optimal Dual Harmonic Injection Strategy for MMC-SESS under Wind Power Fluctuations

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A modular multilevel converter with an integrated supercapacitor-based energy storage system (MMC-SESS) is a promising solution to renewable energy integrations. However, the capacitor voltage ripple reduction of the MMC modules is significantly correlated to its lightweight design and operational performance. In this paper, an online optimal dual harmonic injection strategy is proposed for MMC-SESS to reduce its capacitor voltage ripples under wind power fluctuations. Firstly, the mathematical model of instantaneous arm power is established, considering dual harmonic injection and its parameter constraints. Based on this, online optimization of the instantaneous arm power model is conducted via particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Finally, simulations on PSCAD/EMTDC have shown that the proposed strategy can effectively suppress the capacitor voltage ripples and improve the efficiency of parameter optimization, enabling dual harmonic parameters to be optimized online under wind power fluctuations.
Experimental investigation into the propagation of partial discharge pulses in transformers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An experimental investigation into the propagation behaviour of partial discharge (PD) pulses in a continuous disc type 6.6kV transformer winding is described in this paper. PD pulses were injected into the winding using a calibrator and the resulting current signals at the line and neutral end terminals measured using wide band current transformers. The location of the troughs (or zeros) in the frequency spectra of the measured signals change in accordance with the position of the injected pulse. The crests (or poles) in the spectra convey information about the resonance frequencies of the winding and are not affected by the position of the injected pulse. The measured spectra are compared with the spectra generated by a simulation model and although differences exist the overall shape and location of the poles and zeros are similar.
426 Joining of YBCO bulk superconductor using YbBCO-Ag interlayer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to develop joining methods maintaining mechanical strength and superconducting property, YBCO bulk superconductors were joined using YbBCO, which had lower peritectic temperature than YBCO, added Ag_2O as interlayer. As results of joining tests under such conditions that Ag_2O content added to YbBCO was 0〜44mass% and that joining temperature was 940℃〜1020℃, the joint strength increased in accordance with the joining temperature increase. Critical current density showed maximum value in case using the YbBCO interlayer added 10〜30mass%. Because of the boids made at the joint, strength of joint was inferior to that of matrix, however, it was suggested that joint properties could be improved by selecting the joining time and pressure properly.
Responses of high altitude natives a standard cold test at sea level.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Studies have been conducted to evaluate the thermoregulatory, calorigenic, and peripheral vascular responses to cold of high altitude (HA) natives on their descent to sea level. Two groups of subjects (18 each), one representing high altitude (3500 m) natives and the other lowlanders, were exposed to a standard cold test at 10 degrees C wearing only shorts for 2 h. Their heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), oxygen consumption (VO2), oral temperature (Tor), mean weighted skin temperature (Ts) and shivering activity were recorded initially in a thermoneutral room, and 30 min intervals during the cold exposure. Afterwards, their cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) response was studied and the peripheral blood flow during local cold stress was calculated. The responses were statistically compared. The highlanders maintained significantly higher Tor, Tb (mean body temperature), Ts and peripheral Ts during cold stress, and they shivered much less and showed higher CIVD response and peripheral blood flow than the other group. The rise in VO2 on cold stress was identical. The observations showed better cold tolerance for high altitude natives compared to lowlanders, even at sea level.
Welfare State Attitudes and Support for Social Europe: Spillover or Obstacle?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study investigates how support for Social Europe is related to citizens’ welfare attitudes. On the one hand, welfare attitudes can spill over from the national to the European level, given that Social Europe aims to achieve similar goals to those of national welfare states. On the other hand, support for the welfare state can be an obstacle, if citizens perceive the nation state and the European Union as competing or substituting governance levels. Using data from the 2014 Belgian National Election Study, we take a multidimensional approach to Social Europe, capturing attitudes toward social regulations, member state solidarity, European social citizenship, and a European social security system. Results demonstrate that citizens who are more positive about the welfare state are also more supportive of Social Europe. However, positive welfare attitudes do not affect all dimensions of Social Europe to the same extent. The spillover effect of support for basic welfare state principles is strongest for policy instruments of Social Europe that are less intrusive to national welfare states (EU social regulations). By contrast, welfare state critique has a stronger impact on support for more intrusive instruments (European social citizenship).
Bayesian estimators of the Gamma distribution

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we introduce two Bayesian estimators for learning the parameters of the Gamma distribution. The first algorithm uses a well known unnormalized conjugate prior for the Gamma shape and the second one uses a non-linear approximation to the likelihood and a prior on the shape that is conjugate to the approximated likelihood. In both cases use the Laplace approximation to compute the required expectations. We perform a theoretical comparison between maximum like- lihood and the presented Bayesian algorithms that allow us to provide non-informative parameter values for the priors hyper parameters. We also provide a numerical comparison using synthetic data. The introduction of these novel Bayesian estimators open the possibility of including Gamma distributions into more complex Bayesian structures, e.g. variational Bayesian mixture models.
Botcinins A, B, C, and D, Metabolites Produced by Botrytis cinerea, and Their Antifungal Activity against Magnaporthe grisea, a Pathogen of Rice Blast Disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Four new metabolites, botcinins A-D, were isolated from the culture filtrate of a strain of Botrytis cinerea. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, mainly NMR techniques, molecular modeling, and the modified Mosher's method. They exhibited antifungal activities against Magnaporthegrisea, a pathogen of rice blast disease. Botcinins B and C have a MIC of 12.5 microM, and botcinins A and D are not active below 100 microM.
Pitrazepin: Interactions with Transmitter Receptors of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Pitrazepin [3‐(piperazinyl‐1)‐9 H ‐dibenz(c.f)triazolo(4,5‐a)azepin], is an N‐aryl‐piperazine derivative, whose heterocyclic structure is similar to that of atypical antipsychotics like clozapine. This paper is an overview of the pharmacological actions of pitrazepin, with an emphasis on its actions on GABA A and glycine neurotransmitter receptors. Recent results on the antagonist actions of pitrazepin on acetylcholine (ACh) currents in oocytes expressing either rat neuronal or mouse muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are presented. Many of the pharmacological features of the new‐generation antipsychotics have been derived from studies of structurally treated drugs. A detailed understanding of the ineractions of these drugs with neurotransmitter receptor is necessary to develop more effective antipsychotics.
rDNA Sequences ofAnophelesSpecies from the Iberian Peninsula and an Evaluation of the 18S rRNA Gene as Phylogenetic Marker in Anophelinae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The complete 18SrDNAand internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-2rDNAsequences were obtained from Anopheles atroparvus Van Thiel and Anopheles plumbeus Stephens from two areas of Spain. The number of nucleotide differences in the 18S rDNA of the two species is high compared with differences in the same gene of other invertebrate vectors. In Anopheles, short 18S rDNA sequences are richer in AT than the longer sequences, which are richer in GC and include extremely GC-biased expanded regions. Four small regions in the variable regions V4 and V7 contain the majority of nucleotide differences. The results did not support the use of partial sequences for relationship analyses. Genetic distances and phylogenetic analyses supported the most recent classiÞcation of Anopheles. The complete 18S rDNA sequence is better for studying anopheline phylogenetics.
Hybrid Precoding Based on Active Learning for mmWave Massive MIMO Communication Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a cost-effective and high-accuracy precoding technique based on $\epsilon $ -Fuzzy pareto active learning (FPAL) is proposed for millimeter wave (mmWave) massive MIMO communications. The proposed method achieves a low iteration convergence with low complexity. Two practical structures, namely fully-connected and partially-connected structures are considered for hybrid precoding. Furthermore, the effect of high and low-resolution quantization in the digital-to-analog converter, phase shifter, and imperfect channel state information are discussed. The performance results of the proposed technique and alternating minimization methods beside fully digital techniques are compared and discussed in the terms of the spectral efficiency (SE), bit error rate (BER), normalized mean square error (NMSE), energy efficiency (EE) for phase-shifter (PS) with low bit quantization, and imperfect channel state information (CSI). To address the applicability of the proposed method, experimental results are obtained from a real mmWave hardware setup compliant with 3GPP standards, and verify the simulated ones for the proposed $\epsilon $ -FPAL hybrid precoding scheme. The reduced complexity, higher performance and EE make the proposed method suitable for 5G and beyond communication systems.
Occurrence Download

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A dataset containing 264200 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "GadmGid is GBR.4.14_1", "Year 1980-2021" ] } The dataset includes 264200 records from 175 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0079273-210914110416597/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract 1. 1. So-called spontaneous rupture of the esophagus may be divided into three groups: (1) those due to esophagitis with ulceration, (2) those due to increased intraluminal pressure within the esophagus, and (3) those truly spontaneous cases in which there is no obvious cause. 2. 2. Rupture of this type occurs most commonly at the lower end of the esophagus on the left posterolateral wall of the organ. 3. 3. Most patients give a history of vomiting followed with pain in the chest or upper abdomen, followed with dyspnea, cyanosis and shock. 4. 4. Common physical findings are: pleural effusion, mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema, and upper abdominal rigidity. 5. 5. Diagnosis is confirmed by chest x-ray, barium or lipiodol study of the esophagus, and study of the pleural fluid. 6. 6. Although patients have survived after surgical drainage, the treatment of choice is immediate thoracotomy with closure of the rupture.
Fish assemblages of a shallow Mediterranean lagoon (Nador, Morocco): An analysis based on species and functional guilds

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Background. Due to their location between the continent and the sea and their shallow depths, lagoons play an important ecological role in coastal ecosystems by providing a selection of habitat types for many species, functioning as nursery areas and feeding grounds for marine opportunistic fishes. The fish fauna of the Nador Lagoon (NE Morocco), as in the majority of southern Mediterranean lagoons, has been insufficiently studied, even though the lagoon itself supports important commercial fisheries. The presently reported study investigated the spatial and seasonal uses of shallow habitats for fish fauna in the Nador Lagoon. Materials and methods. Sampling was done using a beach seine net at six stations covering almost entire lagoon and representing habitats differing in many parameters such as the distance from the inlet, bottom sediment characteristics, presence of macroalgae, etc. The fish abundance was standardized as catch per unit effort (CPUE) and the fish community was analysed both in terms of its taxonomic and functional composition (by making use of both ecological and dietary preference guilds). Results. A total of 2872 individuals, representing 15 species from 12 families, was collected during the four seasons. Only six species were always present in all seasons. Fish abundance peaked in spring and the species diversity was higher in spring and summer. The fish assemblage was largely dominated in terms of ecological guild by the resident and benthivorous species. Spatial and seasonal fish assemblages differed both in terms of fish abundance and diversity and also in terms of functional guilds composition. In autumn, the fish assemblage was dominated by the marine juvenile migrants whereas in winter, spring, and summer, resident species were the most abundant. Conclusion. The combination of taxonomic and functional characteristics of the fish assemblages, determined in the presently reported study, may contribute to a better understanding of the ecological networks of the Nador Lagoon, thus providing useful data for its conservation and management.
Dynamic Response of Regular and Irregular High Rise Buildings under the Influence of Shear Walls

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This examination displays the system for seismic execution estimation of tall structures dependent on an idea of the limit range technique. In 3D logical model of thirty storied structures have been created customary and sporadic structures Models and examined utilizing basic examination device ETABS. The systematic model of the building incorporates exceedingly critical segments that impact the mass, quality, solidness and deformability of the structure. To contemplate the impact of solid center divider and shear divider at various positions amid tremor, seismic examination utilizing both direct static, straight unique and non-straight static technique has been performed. The avoidances at every story level have been looked at by performing Response range strategy performed to decide limit, request and execution dimension of the thought about building models. From the underneath studies it has been seen that non-straight Response range technique give great gauge of worldwide and additionally neighborhood inelastic misshapening requests and furthermore uncovers plan shortcoming that may stay covered up in a versatile examination and furthermore the execution dimension of the structure. Story floats are found inside the limit as determined by code (IS: 1893-2002) in Response range strategy.