jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experimental assessment of Heliconia acuminata growth in a fragmented Amazonian landscape

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Summary Fragmentation severely alters physical conditions in forest understories, but few studies have connected these changes to demographic impacts on forest species using detailed experimental examination at the individual and population levels. Using a 32‐month, reciprocal‐transplant experiment, we show that individuals of the Amazonian understory herb Heliconia acuminata transplanted into forest fragments lost over 20% of their vegetative shoots, while those transplanted to continuous forest showed a slight gain. The leaf area of plants in fragments also increased at half the rate it did in continuous forest sites. It appears that the normal dry season stresses to which forest understorey plants are exposed are greatly exacerbated in fragments, causing plants to shed shoots and leaves. The observed shifts in size could help explain why populations in fragments are more skewed towards smaller demographic stage classes than those in continuous forest. These shifts in size structure could also result in reduced abundances of flowering plants, as reproduction in H. acuminata is positively correlated with shoot number. Fragmentation‐related changes in growth rates resulting from abiotic stress may have significant demographic consequences.
The road to Windsor: Centenary of the Royal Charter of 1884

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Royal Charters incorporating academic and professional bodies have usually been granted as soon as the organization could prove itself worthy of the honour. Why, then did it take the Institute nearly 40 years to acquire its charter? The story has been told in R.C. Simmonds's The Institute of Actuaries 1848–1948 but bears retelling here.
Rule-Based Actionable Intelligence for Disaster Situation Management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Managing natural disasters is a social responsibility as they might cause a gloomy impact on human life. Efficient and timely alert systems for public and actionable recommendations for decision makers may well decrease the number of casualties. Web semantics strengthen the description of web resources for exploiting them better and making them more meaningful for both human and machine. In this work, the authors propose a semantic rule-based approach for disaster situation management (DSM) to reach the next level of decision-making power and its architecture for providing actionable intelligence in the domain of the earthquake. The system itself is based on a data pre-processing layer, a computation layer, and the middle layer relies on an extensive rule base of experts' advice stored over time and a disaster ontology along with its inherent semantics. The rule-based reasoning approach uses this knowledge base in combination with the expert rule base, written in SWRL rules, to infer recommendations for the response to an earthquake.
SIMILARITY CHECK RESULT PAPER "Community preferences for social forestry facilitation programming in Lampung, Indonesia"

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A number of studies have discussed the importance of facilitation for improving the outcomes of Social Forestry programs. However, more detailed studies about the SF stakeholders should be prioritized, particularly those related to the types of facilitation among those that work with community forest user groups. This paper aims to fill this gap by analyzing community perspectives on who should be prioritized to receive facilitation and what type of facilitation is needed. We conduct the study in Lampung Province in 2017, focusing on Community Forestry (Hutan Kemasyarakatan/HKm), one of the first social forestry schemes implemented by the Indonesian Government. Based on an analysis of Analytic Hierarchy Process, this paper found that HKm participants have identified three top priorities for facilitation: individual members, community forestry groups, and other villagers (non-members of community forestry groups). Nevertheless, communities still see the importance of facilitation for external facilitators and government staff. The Analytic Hierarchy Process also shows that the most preferable type of facilitation for communities is based on entrepreneurship. These are particularly important for SF groups that have been established for more than ten years. This finding contrasts with previous studies arguing that the most needed facilitation in SF is strengthening community institutions.

Keywords

Social Forestry (SF); Communities Preferences; Appropriate Facilitation; Community Forestry Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm); Analytic Hierarchy Process
Detailed analysis and design of a three-phase phase-modular isolated matrix-type PFC rectifier

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Phase-modular isolated PFC rectifiers are an interesting alternative to phase-integrated three-phase rectifiers. The use of a matrix-type converter allows to achieve isolation with a single-stage energy conversion. This paper presents a phase-modular isolated matrix-type rectifier, which can be connected to the mains either in star (Y) or delta (Δ), enabling a wide input voltage range. A detailed analysis of the operating principles and switching behavior of the converter is presented. Then, the design of the active and passive components is discussed considering a 7.5kW, 400V output voltage system. Different implementation alternatives are evaluated regarding efficiency and realization effort.
Microsphaeropsis cytisinus Artand & Mehrabi-Koushki & Tabein & Hyde & Jayawardena 2022

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Microsphaeropsis cytisinus (Tennakoon, Camporesi & K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., comb. nov. Neomicrosphaeropsis cytisinus Tennakoon, Camporesi & K.D.Hyde, Fungal Diversity 80: 39 (Hyde et al. 2016). MYCOBANK. — MB 841489. DESCRIPTION See Hyde et al. (2016). NOTES Neomicrosphaeropsis cytisinus was originally described from a dead stem of Cytisus scoparius L. (Fabaceae) a saprobic fungus in Italy (Hyde et al. 2016). According to the phylogenetic analyses in the present study (Fig. 1) and SNP analysis, this species is transferred to Microsphaeropsis. Nucleotide comparison of M. cytisinus (Tennakoon, Camporesi & K.D.Hyde) M.Mehrabi-Koushki, K.D.Hyde & Jayaward., comb. nov. with Neomicrosphaeropsis species showed a difference of 0.6% (3/521 bp) in the LSU region and 3% (13/431 bp) in the ITS.
Occupational segregation by educational attainment in New EU member states and candidate countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the degree of occupational segregation by educational attainment in new EU member states and candidate countries in an advanced stage of transition using EU15 countries as a benchmark. Existing evidence indicates that despite the tendency towards convergence between male and female participation rates in the labour markets of these countries the distribution of employment continues to be gender-segmented. To examine the intensity of occupational segregation and its changes in period between 2000 and 2010 with respect to the educational attainment Duncan and Duncan dissimilarity indices are calculated. These indices are commonly interpreted as the proportion of women and men who would have to change their occupation for the occupation distribution of women and men to be the same. Dissimilarity indices show that occupational segregation distinguishing by educational attainment varies across analysed countries and it has not been changing significantly over time. Although gender gap in employment has fallen, this movement towards equality has not translated into lower occupational segregation.
Surgical margins in breast-conserving therapy: current trends and future prospects.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inadequate surgical margins represent a high risk for adverse clinical outcome in breast-conserving therapy (BCT) for early-stage breast cancer. The majority of studies report positive resection margins in 20% to 40% of the patients who underwent BCT. This may result in an increased local recurrence (LR) rate or additional surgery and, consequently, adverse effects on cosmesis, psychological distress, and health costs. In the literature, various risk factors are reported to be associated with positive margin status after lumpectomy, which may allow the surgeon to distinguish those patients with a higher “a priori” risk for re-excision. However, most risk factors are related to tumor biology and patient characteristics, which cannot be modified as such. Therefore, efforts to reduce the number of positive margins should focus on optimizing the surgical procedure itself, because the surgeon lacks real time intraoperative information on the presence of positive resection margins during breast-conserving surgery. This review presents the status of pre- and intraoperative modalities currently used in BCT. Furthermore, innovative intraoperative approaches, such as positron emission tomography, radio-guided occult lesion localization, and near-infrared fluorescence optical imaging, are addressed, which have to prove their potential value in improving surgical outcome and reducing the need for re-excision in BCT.
CAUSES OF BLINDNESS IN PENNSYLVANIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Unfortunately, in the various state acts relating to blind persons there is such a wide variation in the definition of blindness and in the procedure by which the blindness of an individual is determined that it has been extremely difficult, if not impossible, to gather together data of such a nature that they can be studied on the basis of any uniform standard. In an effort to overcome this difficulty and to establish a uniform definition of blindness and classification of the causes of blindness, there was organized some years ago a Committee on Statistics, a body composed of representatives of the American Foundation for the Blind, the National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, the American Association of Workers for the Blind and the Statistical Committee of the Section on Ophthalmology of the American Medical Association. Out of the deliberations of this committee have come certain recommendations and suggestions
Comparative analysis of the effects of fluoxetine and escitalopram on T-lymphocyte subsets in treatment of senile depression patients

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of fluoxetine and escitalopram on T-lymphocyte subsets in treatment of senile depression.METHODS From Apr.2010 to Jun.2013,89 cases of senile depression patients were randomly divided into 2groups:42 cases of fluoxetine group and47 cases of escitalopram group.49 cases of healthy and senile volunteers were enrolled as the control group.The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD),T-lymphocyte subsets and side effects of the two groups were determined to assess.RESULTS Compared with the control group,CD3,CD4 and CD8 were decreased and CD4/CD8 was increased both in fluoxetine and escitalopram groups(P0.05).After treatment,CD3,CD4 and CD8 were increased,CD4/CD8 was decreased both in fluoxetine and escitalopram groups(P0.05).Compared with the fluoxetine group,CD4/CD8 decreased significantly in escitalopram group(P0.05).The clinical efficacy and side effects were not statistically significant in both groups(P0.05).Before treatment,there were no statistically significant differences in HAMD between the two groups.After treatment,compared with the fluoxetine group,HAMD of the escitalopram group was significantly lower than that of the fluoxetine group.CONCLUSION Both fluoxetine and escitalopram can increase senile depression patients' immunity by improving T lymphocytes.Compared with the fluoxetine,escitalopram may have a stronger effect on the immune system.
Petrology and geochronology of ultrahigh-pressure granitic gneiss from South Dulan, North Qaidam belt, NW China

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

abstractAn integrated study including petrography, mineral chemistry, metamorphic P–T path modelling, and zircon U–Pb dating was conducted on a granitic gneiss and enclosed eclogite from South Dulan, North Qaidam UHP (ultrahigh-pressure) belt. The result shows that the granitic gneiss underwent a clockwise P–T path with a peak-P stage at 655–745°C, 30–34 kbar, and a subsequent peak-T stage at 815–870°C, 14–18 kbar, which is similar to the P–T estimates reported for coesite-bearing continental-type eclogites in this region. The enclosed eclogite resembles an olivine–pyroxene-rich cumulate in Qaidam block. It has a similar prograde P–T path with the country gneiss and experienced a peak-P stage of 682–748°C at 27–34 kbar. Zircon U–Pb dating yields an eclogite-facies metamorphic age of 447 ± 2 Ma for the granitic gneiss and 445 ± 6 Ma for the enclosed eclogite. These ages agree with metamorphic ages obtained from paragneisses (427–439 Ma), coesite-bearing continental-type eclogites (430–451 Ma), and UHPM (ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic) oceanic crust–mantle sequence (440–445 Ma) from South Dulan, as well as UHP eclogites, garnet peridotite, and gneisses from other units (460–420 Ma) within this belt reported by others. Similar metamorphic ages as well as P–T evolution documented in gneisses and intercalated eclogites imply that both rocks experienced a coeval UHP event. Summarizing all the published geochronology data, we argue that the North Qaidam UHP belt was mainly formed by continental deep subduction at ~460 to ~420 Ma. The UHPM oceanic crust-mantle sequence in South Dulan may represent oceanic lithosphere in the transition zone between oceanic and continental crust, which was dragged upward by the exhumed continental rocks after break-off of the dense oceanic crust.
Ethical considerations for developing pediatric mhealth interventions for teens with socially complex needs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Topic Mobile Health (mHealth) stands as a potential means to better reach, assess, and intervene with teens with socially complex needs. These youth often face overlapping adversities including medical illness and a history of experiencing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Clinicians are faced with navigating ethical decisions when developing mHealth tools for teens who have socially complex needs. Many tools have been developed for adults from the general population. However, despite the development of thousands of mHealth interventions, developers tend to focus on designing for usability, engagement, and efficacy, with less attention on the ethical considerations of making such tools. Purpose To safely move mHealth interventions from research into clinical practice, ethical standards must be met during the design phase. In this paper we adapt the Four Box Model (i.e., medical indications, preferences of patients, quality of life, and contextual features) to guide mHealth developers through ethical considerations when designing mHealth interventions for teens who present with a medical diagnosis and a history of ACEs. Sources A review of language, inclusive features, data sharing, and usability is presented using both the Four Box Model and potential scenarios to guide each consideration. Conclusions To better support designers of mHealth tools we present a framework for evaluating applications to determine overlap with ethical design and are well suited for use in clinical practice with underserved pediatric patients.
Investigation of passive bearing for biomedical applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The area of interest is to maintain an axial clearance gap of 0.2mm between the centrifugal rotating impeller and stationary housing so minimum power is required to drive the impeller and hydrodynamic lift, hence it was proposed to use a Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) algorithm to optimize the parameters obtained from Muijderman’s equation [1]. Due to abnormal phenomena observed in previous experimental results, investigation revealed that erroneous eddy current sensor measurement technique and lack of temperature control within the fluid mixture contributed to the abnormalities. Improved procedures were proposed to rectify the errors. Verification using CFD simulations showed similar trend, phenomena and closely related experimental values. However, studies revealed that theoretical predictions differ greatly. In addition, different trends were observed when compared. Newly optimized SGBs performed poorly as compared to previous designs. Investigation of the issue concluded that the difference was due to the fact that Muijderman neglected inertia effects when deriving the equation. Additionally, Muijderman assumed that pressure varies linearly at the entrance of the groove and ridge whereas findings in CFD simulations show that the pressure actually fluctuates instead. Due to the findings, attempt to include the inertia term within Muijderman’s equation was carried out. The modified Muijderman’s equation was able to predict both positive and negative pressure generation trend while closely relating to experimental values. Optimization was reattempted and values obtained were closely related to Low’s k15 SGB parameters when run at 2100rpm with 0.1mm film thickness. However attempts to achieve positive pressure generation at 0.2mm film thickness was not successful, even after removing manufacturing constraints. Hence, it shows that if one wishes to achieve positive pressure generation, new hydrodynamic bearing designs need to be created. Various approaches were used after analysing results and findings obtained from CFD simulations. Seven different hydrodynamic designs were created using such approaches. One approach is by using a different spiral angle for the outer spiral curve while the spiral angle for the inner spiral curve remains (I14O16 and I14O18 bearing). Another approach is by varying the inner spiral angle from 14 degrees to 20 degrees linearly, by emulating a positive quadratic curve or a negative quadratic curve (I14O1420L, I14O1420QP, I14O1420QN, I16O1420L, I18O1420L). Results obtained from the various new designs showed improved pressure generation within the grooves as compared to previous SGB designs. Ultimately, I18O1420L bearing possesses the best performance among the new hydrodynamic bearing designs, as no sudden dip in pressure was experienced while offering potential of achieving positive pressure generation at 0.2mm film thickness. Additionally, improved fluid flow within the grooves and its inlet were also observed for I18O1420L bearing.
The Hydraulic Conductivity and Adsorptivity of Organoclay in a Sand-Bentonite Barrier to Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study investigates the hydraulic conductivity and adsorptivity of simulated clay barrier material containing organoclay, for the purpose of discovering whether the inclusion of organoclay in a clay barrier can effectively immobilize hydrophobic organic chemicals. The surface of a commercial Na-bentonite was modified by replacing the original inorganic cations with hexadecyltrimethylammonium, a cationic surfactant. Batch adsorption tests using dilute concentrations of the hydrophobic organic chemicals — pentachlorophenol, naphthalene and toluene — were performed on the bentonite samples and the resulting organoclay. Hydraulic conductivity tests using permeants containing dilute concentrations of pentachlorophenol, naphthalene and toluene were performed on the bentonite samples with and without organoclay. The batch adsorption tests showed that the organoclay adsorbed hydrophobic organic chemicals from 10 to 40 times more effectively than did untreated bentonite. The hydraulic conductivity tests indicated that the presence of organoclay in a clay barrier material significantly increased the hydraulic conductivity whether or not hydrophobic organic chemicals were present in the permeant. Naphthalene or toluene in the permeant increased the hydraulic conductivity of the bentonite samples containing organoclay, while pentachlorophenol in the permeant had no apparent effect on the hydraulic conductivity. Keywords: Organoclaybentonitehydrophobic organic contaminants
sj-docx-1-affilia-10.1177_08861099211062942 - Supplemental material for A Post-Structural Feminist Analysis of Eating Disorders Intervention Research

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-affilia-10.1177_08861099211062942 for A Post-Structural Feminist Analysis of Eating Disorders Intervention Research by Amina Hussain, Mishal Dar and Kyle T. Ganson in Affilia
Acellular dermal matrix allograft to repair the defect of oral mucosa

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the clinical use and effect of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in the repair of the defect of oral mucosa after operation of oral lichen planus ( OLP). Methods Ninety cases of OLP were treated surgically and the mucosa defect was repaired by ADM allograft immediately. All patients were followed up at mean 30 months (20-36 months) , and clinical examination was conducted to follow up the healing of the ADM graft. Results Two patients were lost follow-up. Nine were well repaired by ADM. Five patients were improved, and the new OLP was found outside the graft region. Three patients were failed, and the new OLP was found inside the graft region. The total success rate was 73. 7%. Conclusion Surgical repair of OLP cases with ADM allograft gave satisfactory results although being a relatively new method of treatment. The result indicated that the occurence of OLP may be come from the change of oral mucosa itself.

Key words:
Acellular dermis; Transplantation; Mouth mucosa; Oral lichen planus
Study on Anti-irritability in mice and protective effect of xinmaitong granule against cerebral ischemia and anoxia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To observe the effects of Xinmaitong Granule on anti-stress in mice and protective action of cerebral ischemia and anoxia in rats.Methods:normal hypoxia tolerance,brain hypoxia and anti-fatigue swiming test were observed to measure the survival time and the anti-stress in mice.The model of cerebral ischemia and anoxia in rats was established by ligating bilateral carotid artery,the effect of Xinmaitong Granule on the experimental brain hypoxia and brain capillary vessel permeability were observed.Results:Xinmaitong Granule could obviously enhance the anti-hypoxia ability and prolong the swimming time of mouse,could decrease brain index and cerebral edema with cerebral ischemia and anoxia in rats,could evidently decrease mouse brain capillary vessel permeability Conclusion:Xinmaitong Granule can increase the ability of auti-irritability and has p rotective effect obviously on cerebral ischemia and anoxia in rats.
Figure S3 from PSMA-positive Circulating Tumor Cell Detection and Outcomes with Abiraterone or Enzalutamide Treatment in Men with Metastatic Castrate-resistant Prostate Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Waterfall plots depicting A) the proportion of men achieving a 50% or greater PSA decline from baseline, confirmed with a subsequent value (confirmed PSA50) and B) best overall objective radiographic responses among response evaluable subjects at baseline, by RECIST 1.1 criteria.</p>