jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prohibition on Russian Athletes to Participate in International Competitions and Its Impact on Sports Performance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article presents a description and analysis of the results of research conducted in March 2024 on the motivation of "elite" level athletes (members of Russian national teams of different age groups) to engage in further training activities in the context of de facto prohibitions on participation of Russian (and Belarusian) athletes in international competitions in Olympic sports introduced by international federations in March 2022 in accordance with the recommendations of the International Olympic Committee. The author's objective is to ascertain the impact of the aforementioned prohibitions on the athletes' motivation to pursue a career in sports and the sport results they have achieved. The findings of this research challenge the assertions of some experts who claim that the prohibition on Russian athletes participating in international competitions has negatively affected the performance and motivation of young athletes. Furthermore, the objective data on the sporting achievements of athletes has corroborated the hypothesis that younger athletes are driven by an additional desire to enhance their performance in light of the prohibition to participate in international competitions.
The longitudinal association between the use of antihypertensive drugs and 24-hour sleep in nursing homes. Results from the randomized controlled COSMOS trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

BackgroundAntihypertensive drug use and sleep problems are highly prevalent in nursing home patients. While it is hypothesized that blood pressure and antihypertensive drug use can affect sleep, this has not been investigated in depth in this population. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between antihypertensive drug use, blood pressure and day- and night-time sleep over 4 months.MethodsThis study was based on secondary analyses from the multicomponent randomized controlled COSMOS trial, in which the acronym denotes the intervention: COmmuncation, Systematic pain assessment and treatment, Medication review, Organization of activities and Safety. We included baseline and 4-month follow-up data from a subgroup of nursing home patients who wore actigraphs (n = 107). The subgroup had different levels of blood pressure, from low (< 120) to high (≥ 141). Assessments included blood pressure, antihypertensive drug use, and sleep parameters as assessed by actigraphy.ResultsWe found a significant reduction in total sleep time at month four in the intervention group compared to the control group. When analyzing the control group alone, we found a significant association between antihypertensive use and increased daytime sleep. We also found negative associations between blood pressure, antihypertensive drug use and sleep onset latency in the control group.ConclusionOur results suggest a correlation between excessive daytime sleep and hypertensive drug use. These findings have clinical urgency, as antihypertensive drugs are frequently used in nursing homes, and sleep problems may be especially detrimental for this population.The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02238652).
Specific dopaminergic manipulation of the internal clock mechanism

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Using non-specific dopaminergic agents, Meck (1983, 1986) and his colleagues have repeatedly demonstrated manipulations of the internal clock mechanism, while showing no other changes to the psychophysical function (DL & WF). The current study used analyses and procedures similar to those of Meck (1983) and investigated the internal clock mechanism with the specific D2 agonist, quinpirole. Two groups were trained with saline and tested with quinpirole (0.08 mg/kg). One group was naive to the drug prior to testing (DN), while the other had previous drug exposure (DE). A third group (DT) was trained with quinpirole, and tested with saline. The DN and DE groups revealed no differences in acquisition, no predicted shift in the point of subjective equality (PSE), and changes in the DL and WF, when compared over phase. The DT group acquired the task more slowly and to a lower criterion, and no differences were found in the PSE, DL, or WF, over phase. The data presented here do not support dopaminergic control over the clock component as represented in the Internal Clock Model (Church, 1989). Results are consistent with other research (Lejeune et al., 1995; Rapp & Robbins, 1976; Santi et al., 1995; Stubbs & Thomas, 1974) in suggesting that dopaminergic control of the internal clock is more complex than was once thought.
Creative Data Generation: A Review Focusing on Text and Poetry

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The rapid advancement in machine learning has led to a surge in automatic data generation, making it increasingly challenging to differentiate between naturally or human-generated data and machine-generated data. Despite these advancements, the generation of creative data remains a challenge. This paper aims to investigate and comprehend the essence of creativity, both in general and within the context of natural language generation. We review various approaches to creative writing devices and tasks, with a specific focus on the generation of poetry. We aim to shed light on the challenges and opportunities in the field of creative data generation.
Hausdorff dimension of exceptional sets

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the preceding Chapters, we have encountered several sets of real numbers of Lebesgue measure zero, including the set of Liouville numbers, the set of real numbers with bounded partial quotients, the set of very well approximable numbers, and the set of S*-numbers of *-type strictly greater than 1. Some of them are certainly strictly larger than others: indeed, as it may be seen by considering continued fraction expansions (see Exercise 1.5), there are very well approximable numbers other than the Liouville numbers. On the other hand, the set of S*-numbers of *-type at least 2 contains the set of S*-numbers of *-type at least 3, but the results of Chapters 1 to 4 do not enable us to decide whether the inclusion is strict or not.
Chlorinated Anilines as Molecular Templates to Achieve [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions within Organic Cocrystals

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The cocrystallization of either 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroaniline (C6H3Cl4N) or 2,4,6-trichloroaniline (C6H4Cl3N) with trans-1,2-bis-(4-pyridyl)-ethylene (BPE) results in a pair of three-component hydrogen-bonded cocrystals, namely 2-(C6H3Cl4N)·(BPE) and 2-(C6H4Cl3N)·(BPE). These cocrystals undergo up to a quantitative [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction in the organic solid state upon exposure to ultraviolet light. Utilizing the ability of these chlorinated anilines to engage in both N-H···N hydrogen bonds along with homogeneous and face-to-face π-π stacking interactions ultimately positions BPE in a suitable location to photoreact and generate the stereoselective photoproduct rctt-tetrakis-(4-pyridyl)-cyclobutane (TPCB). The tendencies for these chlorinated anilines to form homogeneous π-stacks were investigated by means of density functional theory calculations with the goal to determine not only the overall strength but also the preference for this stacking pattern. In addition, a series of isostructural cocrystals were also achieved by incorporating two isosteric hydrogen-bond acceptors, namely 1,2-bis-(4-pyridyl)-acetylene (BPA) and azobipyridine (Azo), with these chlorinated anilines.
Warthin's tumor of parotid gland: treatment of a retroneural lesion by enucleation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The papilliferous cystadenomas lymphomatosum or Warthin's tumor is a relatively rare and generally benign neoformation whose incidence is second only to the pleomorfic adenoma. 84% of all Warthin's tumor strikes the parotid gland. We report the two cases that come to our observation paying particular attention to the second one in which occurred a synchronous bilateral manifestation, a rarity in the clinical circle. We want to highlight that enucleation should be the preferred treatment in most cases due to extremely small dimension of Warthin's tumor. Moreover it is possible to perform this kind of surgical treatment even in the case of a retroneural lesion without causing any damage to the facial nerve and its main branches. As regards complications and sequelae we noticed neither a permanent nor a temporary injury of the facial mimicry and sensibility.
A follow-up study of the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz vesicourethral operation for female incontinence.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A Follow-up study on 65 consecutive patients who underwent vesicourethral suspension (Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz' operation) in the period 1961-70 was carried out. Indications and results were evaluated. Forty-one patients completed the investigation. Twenty-five patients were operated on correct indication (pure stress incontinence). Twenty patients (80%) were cured and the vaginal examination were in accordance to this result.--Unfortunately several side-effects to this operation were observed (primarily infravesical obstruction, urge phenomenon and dyspareunia). Therefore posterior suspension of the bladder is recommendable. Carefully history, cystometry and colpo-cystourethrography seems necessary in the evaluation of female incontinence.
Molecular Diversity from Longipinenes of Santolina viscosa Lag. through Acid Catalysis: Biocidal Activity

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The search for new compounds with biocidal potential was carried out, focusing on the longipinenes 1–7 from the plant species Santolina viscosa Lag. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 showed remarkable molecular diversity when treated in acidic reaction conditions. Protonic, Lewis, and heterogeneous compounds were used in the treatment. Three main models of reaction have been observed: isomerization of the double bond (8–10); rearrangements to longibornane-based skeleton (11–15) and ring-opening to himachalane-based skeleton (16–18). Secolongibornane aldehydes 23 and 24 were obtained after epoxide opening under the same reaction conditions. The elucidation of the structures of the new compounds was carried out using spectroscopic data and was supported by computational theoretical calculations of 13C NMR spectra. Additionally, high-resolution mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis were employed for certain compounds. Natural longipinenes 4–7, methyl esters 1–3 of corresponding natural carboxylic acids and the isomerized and derivatives compounds 8–19 exhibit moderate to high insecticidal activity against R. padi and M. persicae insects. Longipinene 5 shows potent inhibition against the root growth of the plants L. perenne and L. sativa, as well as compound 2 on the leaves of L. perenne. Furthermore, significant ixocidal and nematicidal activity was found for this latter compound.
Know your insect: Malpighian tubules in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Malpighian tubules are mainly known to be involved in excretion. However, recent studies have begun to look into other potential roles including detoxification, immunity, host establishment, etc. In this case study, we observed the Malpighian tubules of the cabbage looper (&lt;i&gt;Trichoplusia ni&lt;/i&gt;) using confocal laser scanning microscopy. We also discuss other functions that Malpighian tubules are known for (i.e. silk-like and gall-inducing secretions) as well as the similarities between Malpighian tubules and salivary glands in endoparasitic Hymenoptera.&lt;/p&gt;
Readjusting priorities in undertaking environmental compliance of concentrate discharges

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

While the key reason for planning and constructing a seawater desalination plant is to secure supplies of drinking water, concentrate discharge is the most universal environmental concern. It is also apparent that a complete lack of consistency in discharge designs, monitoring, assessments, and regulations exists. These inconsistencies are due to reasons related to the uniqueness of each plant and its location, including the sensitivity of a local environment, the ability of the receiving water body to readily assimilate a concentrate discharge, and the increased capacities of desalination plants with resultant increases in discharge volumes. Whether reliable baseline environmental data are available to model impacts is also important. Judgements will need to be made about whether published data are based on discharges from thermal desalination plants and/or plants co-located with power facilities. Such data may not be relevant to a seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant.
Materials Data on Ba7Ga5AgSe15 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ba7AgGa5Se15 crystallizes in the trigonal P31c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Ba2+ sites. In the first Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Se2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Se bond distances ranging from 3.41–3.49 Å. In the second Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Se bond distances ranging from 3.27–3.80 Å. In the third Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to eight Se2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Se bond distances ranging from 3.30–3.94 Å. Ag1+ is bonded to four Se2- atoms to form AgSe4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with four GaSe4 tetrahedra. There are three shorter (2.67 Å) and one longer (2.96 Å) Ag–Se bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Ga3+ sites. In the first Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four Se2- atoms to form GaSe4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent GaSe4 tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one AgSe4 trigonal pyramid. There are one shorter (2.36 Å) and three longer (2.45 Å) Ga–Se bond lengths. In the second Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four Se2- atoms to form GaSe4 tetrahedra that share corners with three GaSe4 tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one AgSe4 trigonal pyramid. There are a spread of Ga–Se bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.45 Å. In the third Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four Se2- atoms. There are three shorter (2.44 Å) and one longer (2.46 Å) Ga–Se bond lengths. There are seven inequivalent Se2- sites. In the first Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two Ba2+ and two equivalent Ga3+ atoms. In the second Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four Ba2+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the third Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to three equivalent Ba2+, one Ag1+, and one Ga3+ atom to form corner-sharing SeBa3GaAg trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 48°. In the fourth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to four Ba2+ and one Ga3+ atom to form corner-sharing SeBa4Ga trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 43°. In the fifth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to five Ba2+ and one Ga3+ atom. In the sixth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to six Ba2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SeBa6 octahedra. In the seventh Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Ba2+, one Ag1+, and one Ga3+ atom.
Sectoral determinants of sub-federal budget tax revenues: Russian case study

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Research background: The research is based on the assumption that the sectoral structure of economy has a significant impact on the level and dynamics of sub-federal budget tax revenues. It distinguishes the following sectoral determinants of tax revenues in regions: the levels of tax return and tax absorption, inflation and economic growth in various economic activities. Purpose of the article: We aimed at assessment of contribution of economic activities and their determinants to the increase in tax revenues of sub-federal budgets of the Russian Federation in 2011?2015 compared to 2006?2010. Methods: Development of a four-factor additive-multiplicative model of the tax revenue formation in regions, application of the proportional and logarithm methods of factor analysis to assessment of contribution of various activities and their determinants to increase in tax revenues of sub-federal budgets, evaluation of inter-regional inequality of tax revenues growth based on the weighted coefficient of variation, and decomposition of this inequality using the A. Shorrocks technique. Findings & Value added: We identified activities that made the largest contribution to the increase in tax revenues of the Russian sub-federal budgets. We found that the inflation factor had a predominant positive effect on the growth of tax revenues, while the contribution of the economic growth factor was 4 times less; however, the situation in various activities differed significantly. Generally, changes of sectoral levels of tax return and tax absorption influenced negatively the regional tax revenues. In addition, they moved in opposite direction in the regions. Ultimately, the uneven change in tax returns and price levels in the mining and manufacturing activities of Russian regions made the greatest contribution to inter-regional inequality of the growth of sub-federal budgets tax revenues.
Modeling open channels using moments of the Boltzmann equation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The two dimensional statistical mechanics equation of Boltzmann for 1 and 2-D shallow waters is formulated. It is shown that the 2-D unsteady depth average shallow water equations are derivable from the zero and first moments of the Boltzmann equation. The relationship between the statistical equation of Boltzmann and the shallow water equations is exploited in the formulation of an accurate, efficient and robust algorithms for (i) a 2-D depth averaged shallow water equations, where turbulent stresses are neglected, and (ii) a 2-D Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for open channel flows. The results obtained by the model which ignores turbulence stresses compare well with measured data from dam break laboratory experiments. In addition, the results of the LES model compare well with measured data from compound channel laboratory experiments.
Managing Interest Rate Risk： An Evaluation of Indian Banks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Interest rate risk represents one of the key forms of financial risk faced by banks. It has given rise to an extensive body of research, mainly focused on the estimation of sensitivity of bank stock returns to changes in interest rates. However, the analysis of the sources of bank interest rate risk has received much less attention in the literature. It is essential that banks have to monitor, maintain, and manage their assets and liabilities portfolios in a systematic manner taking into account the various risks involved in these areas. Balance sheet risk of a bank can be categorized into two major types of significant risks, which are liquidity risk and interest rate risk (IRR). IRR is the risk to earning of capital arising from movement of interest rates. The need to manage IRR in Indian banks arises from movement of interest rates. The areas not much considered in the earlier research work are to manage IRR which influences critically the overall profitability of banks. The study was taken with an objective of analyzing the determinants of IRR and examining the strategy to manage such exposures testing the banks long run sustainability. The study had chosen 45 banks and collected secondary data for the financial year 2007 to 2012 to do the analysis of IRR management. The findings of the study were to suggest the ways to minimize the IRR and control its effect on the banks profit. The other findings were to test impact of IRR on the sustainability of the bank.
Advances in cognitive diagnosis modeling

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) have shown a rapid development over the past decades.
This set of restricted latent class models is the basis for a new psychometric framework where the
dimensions underlying performance on the tests are assumed to be discrete. Notwithstanding the
progress achieved, some aspects have not been fully explored. It is for this reason that this dissertation
aims to contribute in three directions. (1) Broadening the area of application of CDMs. Empirical data
is used to illustrate how CDMs provide a new approach that not only overcomes the limitations of the
conventional methods for assessing the validity and reliability of situational judgment tests (SJTs)
scores, but that also allows for a deeper understanding on what SJTs really measure. The data set
comes from an application of a SJT that presents situations about student-related issues. (2) Evaluating
item-level model fit statistics. Factors such as generating model, test length, sample size, item quality,
and correlational structure are considered in two different Monte Carlo studies. The performance of
several statistics and different strategies to cope with poor-quality data are discussed. Additionally,
the two-step likelihood ratio test is introduced as a new index for item-level model comparison. (3)
Introducing model comparison as a way of improving cognitive diagnosis computerized adaptive
testing (CD-CAT) applications. Accuracy and item usage of a CD-CAT based on the combination
of models selected with the new item-level model comparison statistic are explored under different
calibration sample size, Q-matrix complexity, and item bank length conditions using Monte Carlo
methods. The advantages of this approach over the application of a single reduced CDM or a general
model are discussed. In general, the results of the studies included in this dissertation can be the basis
for more reliable assessments and indicate the importance of selecting an appropriate psychometric
framework. Item-level model selection emerges as a new and promising strategy to make the best of
our data that can be generalized to other psychometric frameworks such as traditional item response
theory.
Electrical Property of Carbon Nanotube Fibers from Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Because of facile synthesis, carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers from chemical vapor deposition can be used for diverse applications.In this study, the electrical property of CNT fibers was investigated.The room-temperature electrical conductivity of a typical CNT fiber was measured to be 5 × 10 5 S/m.The electrical-conductivity transport mechanism of CNT fibers was elucidated according to the temperature dependence of the resistance, indicating that the Mott's variable-range hopping mechanism operates Moreover, the thermoelectric power was measured, indicating that the carrier within the fiber is a hole.
Modélisation du comportement du milieu granulaire en fonction de l'écrasement des grains

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The influence of grain crushing under high stress levels is introduced in the elasto-plastic constitutive law (Hujeux's model) using additional variables that change with the physical and mechanical properties of the grains. These variables are defined as functions of the amount of dissipated plastic work, which is proposed as a parameter for describing the material yield. The results of computer simulations along oedometric and triaxial paths indicate a very good agreement between the experimental curves and the numerical solutions. The proposed modifications are therefore validated.Key words: correlation, grain crushing, constitutive law, modelization, plastic work.[Journal translation]