jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Association of Young-Onset Dementia with Pre-Existing Peripheral Vestibular Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The relationship between young-onset dementia and peripheral vestibular disorders remained largely unknown although this association was observed in the older population. Objective: This case-control study aims to investigate the association of young-onset dementia with a pre-existing diagnosis of peripheral vestibular disorders using a population-based data from Taiwan’s Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2010. Methods: This study included 989 patients with young-onset dementia and 2967 propensity-score-matching controls. Differences in baseline characteristic between patients with young-onset dementia and controls were investigated using chi-square tests or t-tests. Multiple logistic regression models were employed to assess the association of young-onset dementia (outcome) with pre-existing peripheral vestibular disorders (predictor). Results: Compared to patients without young-onset dementia, those affected by this condition exhibited a statistically significantly higher rate of peripheral vestibular disorders (18.3% versus 8.2%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, our analysis found notable between-group disparities in the rates of Meniere’s Disease (3.5% versus 2.0%, p= 0.015), benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (2.4% versus 1.1%, p= 0.006), and vestibular neuritis (2.4% versus 1.1%, p= 0.003). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of prior peripheral vestibular disorders increased the odds of young-onset dementia [2.603 (95% CI = 2.105∼3.220)] after adjusting for age, sex, monthly income, geographic location, urbanization level, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hearing loss, and hypertension. Conclusions: The study findings demonstrate a notable association between young-onset dementia and pre-existing peripheral vestibular disorders, suggesting that vestibular malfunction could play a role in the development of young-onset dementia.
UPLC-MS/MS Determination of Twelve Ginsenosides in Shenfu Tang and Dushen Tang

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Shenfu Tang and Dushen Tang (one of the composite medicines for Shenfu Tang) are widely used Traditional Chinese herbal formulations and ginsenosides are their main bioactive components. However, there are rare studies about simultaneous analysis of ginsenosides in Shenfu Tang and Dushen Tang. In order to identify ginsenosides in Shenfu Tang and Dushen Tang and to explore law of compatibility of medicines in the decoction, a method for simultaneous determination of twelve ginsenosides in Shenfu Tang and Dushen Tang was developed by ultraresolution liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The method showed satisfactory linearity (r > 0.9915), repeatability (RSD < 9.58%), intra- and interday precisions (RSD<11.90%), and high yields of recovery (92.26-113.20%) for twelve major constituents, namely, ginsenosides-Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rg3, Rh1, and F2. Furthermore, the concentration of twelve ginsenosides in Dushen Tang and Shenfu Tang was also simultaneously analyzed. Most of ginsenosides except Rg1 and Rb1 showed higher contents in Shenfu Tang compared to Dushen Tang. The compatibility of the formula had the effect of promoting or inhibiting the dissolution of some major components. The present research provided a reliable evidence for the illustration of chemical basis and compatibility regularity of Shenfu Tang. This study demonstrated the utility of the developed method for assessment of the quantity of the major constituents in Dushen Tang and Shenfu Tang.
A Prospective, Double Blind, Randomised, Placebo Controlled Trial Evaluating Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) for the Prevention of Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy in HIV Infected Individuals

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are currently an essential part of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV. However, the use of some dideoxynucleotide analogues may be limited by mitochondrial toxicity leading to distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP). Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) has been investigated for the treatment of existing DSP but the potential for ALCAR to prevent DSP is unknown. Methods: In this double blind, placebo controlled trial 43 HIV infected, antiretroviral naïve individuals were randomised to receive either ALCAR or placebo in addition to stavudine (as stavudine-XR, a sustained release formulation), tenofovir and efavirenz for 48 weeks. Development of DSP was assessed clinically and histologically by Protein Gene Product (PGP) staining of the epidermis. Quality of life (QOL) was measured during the study with the MOS-HIV Health Survey and the QUROQOL Score questionnaires. Results: Twenty one subjects in each treatment arm were followed through 48 weeks. Discontinuation rates for stavudine and ALCAR versus placebo were similar in both groups. No differences were found for histological examination or clinical assessment of DSP; whilst the safety profile of ALCAR was comparable to placebo. Conclusions: At 48 weeks the prophylactic administration of ALCAR with HAART to prevent DSP was no different than placebo, with a similar safety profile. © 2010 Mentzer A, et al.
Stability analysis of the simplest Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy control system using circle criterion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A frequency-domain-based sufficient condition is derived to guarantee the globally asymptotic stability of the simplest Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy control system by using the circle criterion. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain, and hence the condition is of great significance when the frequency-response method, which is widely used in the linear control theory and practice, is employed to synthesize the simplest T-S fuzzy controller. Besides, this sufficient condition is featured by a graphical interpretation, which makes the condition straightforward to be used. Comparisons are drawn between the performance of the simplest T-S fuzzy controller and that of the linear compensator. Two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate how this sufficient condition can be applied to both stable and unstable plants.
Figure S2 from Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells Express an Antitumor Profile Associated with Anti–PD-(L)1 Responses and Activation Defects Restored by Anti-BTN3A in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Vg9Vd2 T cell identification in single–cell data (related to Figure 1).</p>
Combining data on the bioavailability of midazolam and physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling to investigate intestinal CYP3A4 ontogeny

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Pediatric physiologically‐based modeling in drug development has grown in the past decade and optimizing the underlying systems parameters is important in relation to overall performance. In this study, variation of clinical oral bioavailability of midazolam as a function of age is used to assess the underlying ontogeny models for intestinal CYP3A4. Data on midazolam bioavailability in adults and children and different ontogeny patterns for intestinal CYP3A4 were first collected from the literature. A pediatric PBPK model was then used to assess six different ontogeny models in predicting bioavailability from preterm neonates to adults. The average fold error ranged from 0.7 to 1.38, with the rank order of least to most biased model being No Ontogeny < Upreti = Johnson < Goelen < Chen < Kiss. The absolute average fold error ranged from 1.17 to 1.64 with the rank order of most to least precise being Johnson > Upreti > No Ontogeny > Goelen > Kiss > Chen. The optimal ontogeny model is difficult to discern when considering the possible influence of CYP3A5 and other population variability; however, this study suggests that from term neonates and older a faster onset Johnson model with a lower fraction at birth may be close to this. For inclusion in other PBPK models, independent verification will be needed to confirm these results. Further research is needed in this area both in terms of age‐related changes in midazolam and similar drug bioavailability and intestinal CYP3A4 ontogeny.
Public Acceptance of Evolution in India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The public acceptance of evolution has been in debate since the initial publication of Darwin’s theory about origin of species. According to public polls carried out in a range of countries, the public acceptance of evolution is low in many countries with high degree of religiosity. Although religiosity is high in India, public acceptance of evolution has never been objectively evaluated in India yet. The rejection or denial of evolution could possibly offer the risk of shifting science education to common or popular beliefs and ideas, for example, creationism and intelligent design. Aim of the present study was to find out the public acceptance of evolution in India by carrying out a primary survey in 14 Indian states. Based upon the answers by the participants, the study explored the variables related to public acceptance of evolution namely, gender, religion, politics and occupation. The results showed that the 69.4% participants accepted evolution, which is very high compared with other countries of the world. Plausible reasons for high acceptance of evolution in India is being discussed in this paper.
Central venous catheter embolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

given that of five patients with deteriorating renal function, three were on gentamicin alone and two on gentamicin plus a cephalosporin.Of the three on gentamicin alone they say, "All three patients were also suffering from transplant rejection and toxaemia, and interpretation of these results is therefore difficult."Of the two on gentamicin plus a cephalosporin they say, "Although in both cases rejection was occurring, we could not exclude nephrotoxicity."They do not present any evidence to explain why in the one situation they conclude, "attributable nephrotoxicity not observed," while in the other they conclude, "may have produced nephrotoxicity."Furthermore, in view of the accumulating evidence that gentamicin appears to be potentially more nephrotoxic than some other aminoglycosidesl-3 attention might have been drawn to the fact that, whether or not it was attributable, all five patients who showed deteriorating renal function were actually receiving gentamicin and not one of the other aminoglycosides included in the study.
Stress-induced damage evolution in aluminum matrix composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Two metal matrix composites, both consisting of a near-eutectic cast AlSi12CuMgNi alloy, one reinforced with 15%vol. Al2O3 short fibers and the other with 7%vol. Al2O3 short fibers + 15%vol. SiC particles were studied. Distribution, orientation, and volume fraction of the different phases was determined by means of synchrotron computed tomography. The load partitioning between phases was investigated by in-situ neutron diffraction compression tests. The internal damage of the eutectic Si phase and Al2O3 fibers after ex-situ compression tests was directly observed in CT reconstructed volumes. Significant debonding between Al-matrix and SiC particles was found. Those observations allowed rationalizing the load transfer among the constituent phases of two different composites. Finally, based on the Maxwell scheme, a micro-mechanical model was utilized for the composite with one and two ceramic reinforcements. The model rationalizes the experimental data, and predicts the evolution of principal stresses in each phase.
In vitro immunoglobulin synthesis of the peripheral blood and synovial lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The synthesis of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) by mononuclear cells (MNC) from peripheral blood and synovial fluid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was studied emploing radioimmunoassay. The correlations between Ig synthesis rates and clinical data were also studied.The decreased synthesis of IgM by peripheral MNC, and of IgA by synovial fluid MNC, was characteristic of RA patients. A coincidence was found between the synthesis of IgM by peripheral MNC and the decreased serum IgM levels in RA patients. Furthermore, significant correlation was found between IgM synthesis rates by synovial fluid MNC and (a) blood sedimentation rate and (b) sensitized sheep red blood cell agglutination test. In contrast, Igsynthesis rates by peripheral blood MNC did not correlate with the clinical data. These data suggest the significant role of the synovial fluid MNC.
Rehabilitation of Historic Hillhurst (Louise) Bridge

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Precast/prestressed concrete was used very effectively from an architectural, structural, constructability and cost viewpoint to rehabilitate the 75-year-old Hillhurst (Louise) Bridge in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. This historic five-span, spandrel wall arch structure is 172.21 m (565 ft) long with the length of each clear span equal to 32.0 m (105 ft). The total deck width is 19.6 m (64.3 ft). In the rehabilitation work, the following precast concrete components were used: (1) Precast, prestressed concrete deck panels; (2) Precast, concrete sidewalk support brackets; and (3) Precast concrete architectural balustrades. Erection of the precast concrete components took only 3 1 /2 months, finishing the project a week ahead of schedule. The total cost of rehabilitating the bridge was $5. million (Canadian).
Mycobacterium aviumsubsp.hominissuisInfection in Horses

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

To the Editor: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus is widely distributed in the southwestern regions of the former Soviet Union, the Balkans, the Middle East, western People’s Republic of China, and Africa (1). Public health officials in the Republic of Georgia have long suspected that CCHF occurs in this country, but laboratory confirmation by using molecular diagnostic techniques has not been possible there until recently.
The Common Aviation Command and Control System: Worth the Wait?

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : Initially scheduled for full operational capability (FOC) in 2008, the Common Aviation Command and Control System's (CAC2S) FOC target date is unknown. Plagued by recent setbacks, the program has received intense scrutiny with regard to delays and overall viability. CAC2S is designed to support the Marine Corps' capstone warfighting concept, expeditionary maneuver warfare (EMW), as well as to ensure success during naval and joint/combined operations across the spectrum of conflict. CAC2S will replace the current stove-piped systems, organizations, and missions...with common, interoperable, accessible, single command and coordination process. The stove-piped systems that CAC2S is designed to replace come from the Direct Air Support Center (DASC), Tactical Air Operations Center (TAOC), and Tactical Air Command Center (TACC). CAC2S was featured on the Marine Corps' EMW Capability List, which was issued by the Marine Corps Combat Development Command in June 2003. However, in May 2008, during an operational assessment, the CAC2S' performance was deemed subpar: the system consistently experienced network instability, poor reliability, information assurance inadequacies, and overall performance issues. In addition, failures to fulfill initial operational capability criteria have occurred. Consequently, the Marine Corps decided to postpone the awarding of a low-rate initial production (LRIP) contract and to restructure the entire program. Nevertheless, CAC2S' developmental delays will ultimately be outweighed by long-term gains in the form of enhanced capabilities that will allow the MACCS to operate more effectively in expeditionary environments, integrate with joint and coalition partners to higher degrees, and enable more accurate and timely decisions.
Fathers in Student Affairs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on how fathers working in student affairs are affected by ideal worker norms. It also focuses on J. Acker's work on gendered organizations to make sense of the challenges that fathers face working in the field. Acker found organizations are also gendered through their utilization of symbols and their reproduction of cultural images, such as the archetypal student affairs professional as always working and fathers as solely breadwinners. Finally, Acker argued that gender is implicated in the creation and re-creation of social structures, including organizations and professional fields. Additionally, graduate students and new professionals who are parents are more likely to have younger children. Midcareer professionals, particularly men, may have children of any age, given men's ability to father children throughout their lifespan. Supervisors can also encourage—rather than discourage—working fathers to take advantage of institutional policies and services that are targeted toward parents.
From Obscurity to Authority: The Changing Reception of Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya’s Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma from the Eighth/Fourteenth to the Fifteenth/Twenty-first Century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article reviews the changing reception of Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya’s (d. 751/1350) Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma between the fourteenth century and modern times. I argue that the book had little influence on legal discourse about Christian and Jewish subjects under Muslim rule when it was written and during the following centuries. However, after the publication of a printed edition in 1961 and particularly from the 1990s, Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma has become an important resource for discussions of non-Muslim minorities in a Muslim state. I attribute the altered reception to a number of factors, including the now changed status of the author and the Ḥanbalite school to which he belonged, and the new relationship between the character of the book and the expectations of its readers. Consideration of the trajectory of Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma from the fourteenth to the twenty-first century is revealing for the insights that it offers into the changing status of Ibn al-Qayyim and the Ḥanbalite legal tradition, and the approach to non-Muslim subjecthood in Islamic legal discourse. It should also encourage caution when using this book as a source for understanding the social or legal history of relations between Muslims and non-Muslims in the fourteenth century.
A HIGH-THROUGHPUT MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEM FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS FORMATION OF DROPLET-INTERFACE-BILAYER ARRAYS

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The ability to form artificial lipid membranes in a reliable, high-throughput lab-on-a-chip format has the potential to advance membrane protein studies and the development of sensitive molecular biosensors, ultimately impacting on the development of novel and low-cost synthetic approaches to drug screening. Existing methods are limited in terms of their automation, throughput and ease of use. We have developed a microfluidic system that allows the formation, alternation, desired positioning and long-term storage of arrays of droplet-interface-bilayers (DIBs). By encapsulating the desired cocktail of liposomes and metabolites into phospholipid-stabilized water-in-oil (W/O) droplets, hundreds of DIBs were characterized using fluorescence-based assays.
Poisoning Their Coffee: Louis Armstrong and Civil Rights

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay argues that the life and music of Louis Armstrong challenged mainstream American values and attacked racial hierarchy. In his lifestyle Armstrong pursued a carnivalesque celebration of bodily pleasure at the expense of the Protestant ethic. In addition, his concerts created utopian moments that united black and white listeners in the enjoyment of music. Finally, Armstrong's music represented an assertion of blackness and individuality in a racist society, bringing African American elements to the center of American music.
Effect of Growth Stage on Resistance to Drechslera teres f. teres in Barley

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to evaluate seedling and adult plant resistance to Drechslera teres f. teres in barley lines with a potential use as resistance sources in barley breeding. Disease resistance of barley seedlings, inoculated in the glasshouse and growth chamber at the one‐ and two‐leaf stages, was significantly (P 0.05) correlated with disease reactions on the fourth and flag leaves of barley plants grown in growth chambers ( r = 0.84‐ 0.94) as well as with disease levels recorded on the three uppermost leaves in a field experiment ( r = 0.64). Several of the barley lines showed no correlation, demonstrating either improved or decreased disease resistance at later growth stages. Six barley lines (Alexis, Heartland, Kinnan, CI4922, CI9776 and SWl114‐93) had the same ranking in disease resistance to D. teres when damaged (punctured) leaves were inoculated with a drop of spore suspension as when undamaged leaves were spray‐inoculated with a spore suspension.
Same blueprint, different bricks: reexamining the sources of the gender gap in political ideology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During the 1970s gender differences in ideological identification were small and statistically insignificant. By the 1990s, men were roughly a third of a point more conservative than women on the American National Election Study ideological self-identification scale, a gap as large as the gender gap in partisanship. In the 2000 presidential election, differences in ideological identification were the biggest contributor to the gender gap in vote choice (Kanthak and Norrander 2004). Only two studies have examined the sources of the gender gap in political ideology (Jelen, Thomas, and Wilcox 1994; Norrander and Wilcox 2008). They suggest that men and women construct their political ideology in different ways: social welfare issues are more predictive of ideological identification for men, while gender-specific cultural issues are more predictive for women. And the conventional knowledge in political science is that men are more ideological*Corresponding author. Email: mcondon1@luc.edu †A previous version of this paper was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL, April 2009, and the Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, New Orleans, LA, January 2009.
Federated Contextual Cascading Bandits with Asynchronous Communication and Heterogeneous Users

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study the problem of federated contextual combinatorial cascading bandits, where $|\mathcal{U}|$ agents collaborate under the coordination of a central server to provide tailored recommendations to the $|\mathcal{U}|$ corresponding users. Existing works consider either a synchronous framework, necessitating full agent participation and global synchronization, or assume user homogeneity with identical behaviors. We overcome these limitations by considering (1) federated agents operating in an asynchronous communication paradigm, where no mandatory synchronization is required and all agents communicate independently with the server, (2) heterogeneous user behaviors, where users can be stratified into $J \le |\mathcal{U}|$ latent user clusters, each exhibiting distinct preferences. For this setting, we propose a UCB-type algorithm with delicate communication protocols. Through theoretical analysis, we give sub-linear regret bounds on par with those achieved in the synchronous framework, while incurring only logarithmic communication costs. Empirical evaluation on synthetic and real-world datasets validates our algorithm's superior performance in terms of regrets and communication costs.