jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analytical Processes: A Physico-Chemical Interpretation. Second edition (Smith, T. B.)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTAnalytical Processes: A Physico-Chemical Interpretation. Second edition (Smith, T. B.)Rex J. Robinson Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1941, 18, 8, 398Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1941Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 1941Published inissue 1 August 1941https://doi.org/10.1021/ed018p398.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (791 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Computed tomography in the early detection of asbestosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Computed tomography (CT; both conventional (CCT) and high resolution (HRCT)) scans of the thorax were evaluated to detect early asbestosis in 61 subjects exposed to asbestos dust in Québec for an average of 22(3) years and in five controls. The study was limited to consecutive cases with chest radiographs of the International Labour Organisation categories 0 or 1 determined independently. All subjects had a standard high kilovoltage posteroanterior and lateral chest radiograph, a set of 10-15 1 cm collimation CCT scans and a set of three to five 2 mm collimation HRCT scans in the upper, middle, and lower lung fields. Five experienced readers independently read each chest radiograph and sets of CT scans. On the basis of three to five readers agreeing for small opacities of the lung parenchyma, 12/46 (26%) negative chest radiographs were positive on CT scans, but 6/18 (33%) positive chest radiographs were negative on CT scan. On the basis of four to five readers agreeing on a chest radiograph, 36/66 (54%) subjects were normal (group A), 17/66 (26%) were indeterminate (group B), and 13/66 (20%) were abnormal (group C). By the combined readings of CCT and HRCT, 4/31 (13%) asbestos exposed subjects of group A were abnormal (p < 0.001), 6/17 (35%) of group B were abnormal, and in group C, 1/13 (8%) was normal, 2/13 were indeterminate, and 10/13 (77%) were abnormal. Separate readings of CCT and HRCT on distinct films in 14 subjects showed that all cases of asbestosis were abnormal on both CCT and HRCT. Inter-reader analyses by kappa statistics showed significantly better agreement for the readings of CT than the chest radiographs (p < 0.001), and for the reading of CCT than HRCT (p < 0.01). Thus CT scans of the thorax identifies significantly more irregular opacities consistent with the diagnosis of asbestosis than the chest radiograph (20 cases on CT scans v 13 on chest radiographs when four to five readers agreed, 13% of asbestos exposed subjects with normal chest radiographs or 21% of asbestos exposed subjects with normal or near normal chest radiographs. It decreased the number of indeterminate cases significantly from 17 on chest radiographs to 13 on CT scans. All cases of asbestosis detected only on CT scans were similarly seen on CCT and HRCT and did not have significant changes in lung function. The CT scans significantly reduced the inter-reader variability, despite the absence of ILO type reference films for these scans.
The nexus between financial inclusion and financial development in Zimbabwe (2009-2015)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The study aims to establish the nexus between financial inclusion and financial development in Zimbabwe covering the period from 2009 to 2015. Using descriptive statistics including correlation analysis, t-tests, and graphical analysis, the study revealed that there is a positive relationship between financial inclusion and financial development. The study however established that the relationship is relatively weak. The positive relationship is being driven by expansion of the banking sector into previously marginalised and unbanked markets, riding on the increase in financial and mobile technology based banking products. The weak relationship is explained by the current high levels of financial exclusion and the increasing levels of financial dis-intermediation occurring in Zimbabwe. This is further explained by high levels of informalisation of the economy and the deterioration in the microeconomic environment which then resulted in cash shortages and creation of quasi-currencies with the potential to further dent market confidence. People then preferred to transact outside the formal financial system. The study further established that financial inclusion, through mobile and financial technology has great potential to support financial development in Zimbabwe. This is premised on the established high mobile penetration rate and the impact that mobile and financial technology has had on financial inclusion in the short period since 2012. It is also established that the negative governance factors, (as ranked by the World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI)), such as political stability, rule of law, regulatory quality and government effectiveness had largely a strong and significant relationship with financial inclusion and financial development. These negative governance factors need to be addressed by policy makers because they have the potential to inhibit local and international trust and market confidence in Zimbabwe's financial system. The loss of trust and market confidence impacts negatively on effective execution of both financial inclusion and financial development goals. It is imperative that interventions to leverage financial development through financial inclusion must embrace developments in the financial technology and mobile technology sectors due to the high mobile penetration rate and potential to lower transaction costs and foster financial inclusion. Policy makers must devise regulatory policies that foster infrastructure sharing, interoperability and interconnectivity of MNOs mobile and financial technology platforms to increase levels of financial inclusion and financial development. The established nexus makes it imperative that a national financial inclusion strategy must be complemented by a supportive financial development strategy for optimum results.
860707_supp_mat_ – Supplemental material for Effects of an advance care planning educational programme intervention on the end-of-life care attitudes of multidisciplinary practitioners at an acute hospital: A pre- and post-study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, 860707_supp_mat_ for Effects of an advance care planning educational programme intervention on the end-of-life care attitudes of multidisciplinary practitioners at an acute hospital: A pre- and post-study by Miho Hamayoshi, Sayoko Goto, Chiyo Matsuoka, Ayumi Kono, Kyoko Miwa, Kumi Tanizawa, Catherine Evans and Masayuki Ikenaga in Palliative Medicine
Integration of domestic violence services into the health care system: Which model does Vietnam select?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Domestic violence (DV) is a significant health problem. Integration of domestic health services into the health system is essential, and many models of integration DV services into the health system exist. In this paper, we discuss the types of integration models/levels of DV services into the health system, and how DV services integrate into the health system in Vietnam. The system - level model of integration in Vietnam was also reported. However, the current health system model only focuses on secondary prevention or supportive care once violence has occurred. The health system has not oriented to primary prevention or long - term support. The three themes that delayed the implementation DV services within the current health system include lack of clinical care pathway for DV survivors, limited services delivery, and a weak referral network. In addition, the social work service for domestic violence within the health system is still inadequate. It is recommended that a clear clinical care pathway for DV survivors should be established, health workers should be trained on DV screening and referrals, and the health system should collaborate with other supported services (within and between the health system and other DV-supported services) to cover long - term support of DV survivors and also DV primary prevention.
A Desirability-Based Solution Search Method for Sequential Optimization of the Hot Rolling Process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Although it is an old technique, research on the hot rolling process maintains its importance because of its widespread usage in steel production and its requirement for a vast amount of resources, especially energy. The roll pass design of the hot rolling process considerably affects many operational parameters such as energy requirement, roll wear, working forces, and torques. Furthermore, due to the sequential nature of the rolling process, a design of any number of passes is closely interrelated with all other passes in the process. This complexity makes it challenging to find optimal design solutions that strike a balance between conflicting goals and constraints. In this article, a new optimized solution search strategy based on a desirability function is offered to address the sequential characteristics of the roll pass design. A novel optimization method utilizing response surfaces and the proposed solution search strategy is presented to reduce the shaping energy of the overall process while minimizing turning moments and radial forces on rolls during the rough rolling process. The proposed method provides integrated optimization of the process by ensuring information flow between the passes and can also be applied to other sequential processes with some modifications. The developed method and solution search strategy are illustrated and validated through a case study. The findings of the case study are compared to three distinct pass designs used in industrial power plants. The results show significant energy savings, lower turning moments, and reduced radial forces compared to the reference designs.
Observer Variation in Mammary Thermography: Results of a Teaching File Test Carried Out in four Different Centers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To evaluate observer variation in mammary thermography, a teaching file test of 159 thermographies was worked out by 4 senology centers. The evaluation of accuracy and the K index of variability demonstrated a significant variability among centers. The reliability of thermography in senology seems to be too poor for it to be able to direct any therapeutic decision, either diagnostic or prognostic.
Drinking habits as cofactors of risk for alcohol induced liver damage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background —The Dionysos Study is a cohort study of the prevalence of chronic liver disease in the general population of two northern Italian communities. It included 6917 subjects, aged 12–65 (69% of the total population). Aims —The aim of this part of the study was to examine the relationship of daily alcohol intake, type of alcoholic beverage consumed, and drinking patterns to the presence of alcohol induced liver damage in an open population. Patients and methods —6534 subjects, free of virus related chronic liver disease and participating in the first cross-sectional part of the study, were fully examined. Each subject underwent: (a) medical history and physical examination, (b) evaluation of alcohol intake using an illustrated dietary questionnaire, and (c) routine blood tests. More invasive diagnostic procedures were performed when indicated. Results —Multivariate analysis showed that the risk threshold for developing either cirrhosis or non-cirrhotic liver damage (NCLD) was ingestion of more than 30 g alcohol per day in both sexes. Using this definition, 1349 individuals (21% of the population studied) were at risk. Of these, only 74 (5.5% of the individuals at risk) showed signs of liver damage. The prevalence of “pure” alcoholic cirrhosis was 0.43% (30 of 6917), representing 2.2% of the individuals at risk, with a ratio of men to women of 9:1, while 44 (3.3% of the individuals at risk) showed persistent signs of NCLD. After 50 years of age, the cumulative risk of developing both NCLD and cirrhosis was significantly higher (p<0.0001) for those individuals who regularly drank alcohol both with and without food than for those who drank only at mealtimes. Conclusions —Our data show that in an open population the risk threshold for developing cirrhosis and NCLD is 30 g ethanol/day, and this risk increases with increasing daily intake. Drinking alcohol outside mealtimes and drinking multiple different alcoholic beverages both increase the risk of developing alcohol induced liver damage.
Civilian Vascular Trauma of the Upper Extremity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One hundred forty-three patients with 163 upper extremity vascular injuries were reviewed. Penetrating trauma accounted for 94% of the injuries and blunt trauma for 6%. Absent pulses are not a completely reliable sign of upper extremity arterial injury. The most frequently injured upper extremity vessel is the brachial artery, followed in decreasing frequency by ulnar, radial, and axillary arterial injuries and axillary venous injuries. The most common technique of vascular repair was end-to-end anastomosis, followed by vein graft interposition. No amputations were required. Despite excellent results of vascular reconstruction, functional impairment due to associated nerve injuries was a distressingly predominant finding.
Sodium and Potassium Content of the Most Commonly Available Street Foods in Maputo, Mozambique

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Street foods can contribute largely for dietary sodium intake of populations in developing countries. We aimed to assess the variability in sodium and potassium composition of the most commonly available homemade street foods in Maputo city, capital of Mozambique. In a cross-sectional evaluation, researchers canvassed areas with 500-m diameter centered around 20 randomly selected public transport stops, identified all street food vending sites and, in randomly selected sites, purchased 56 samples of the most frequently available homemade foods. Samples were analyzed for sodium and potassium concentrations, using flame photometry. The 56 samples represented main dishes (45 samples of 12 types of food item), sandwiches (8 samples of 5 types of food item) and fried snacks (3 samples of 2 types of food item). Median contents (range), in mg/serving, were 921 (198 to 2525) of sodium and 385 (24 to 1140) of potassium. Median (range) of sodium to potassium molar ratio was 4.1 (1.3 to 41.5). One serving of main dishes was estimated to contribute from 32.1% to 99.9% of the recommended maximum daily sodium intake. The present study shows a large variability and potential for improvement in sodium and potassium contents of homemade foods frequently available in the streets of Maputo city.
Transcriptional genes of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A in sciatic nerve injuries by bioinformatics

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recent studies have shown that autophagy is activated in response to nerve damage and occurs simultaneously with the initial stages of Schwann cell-mediated demyelination. Although several studies have reported that macroautophagy is involved in the peripheral nerve, the role of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) has not yet been investigated in peripheral nerve injury. The present study investigates the role of CMA in the sciatic nerve. Using a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury, the authors employed immunofluorescence analysis to observe the expression of LAMP2A, a critical marker for CMA. RNA sequencing was performed to observe the transcriptional profile of Lamp2a in Schwann cells. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out to observe the hub genes associated with Lamp2a . Expression of Lamp2a , a key gene in CMA, increased following sciatic nerve injury, based on an immunofluorescence assay. To identify differentially expressed genes using Lamp2a , RNA sequence analysis was conducted using rat Schwann cells overexpressing Lamp2a . The nine hub genes ( Snrpf, Polr1d, Snip1, Aqr, Polr2h, Ssbp1, Mterf3, Adcy6 , and Sbds ) were identified using the CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape. Functional analysis revealed that Lamp2a overexpression affected the transcription levels of genes associated with mitotic spindle organization and mRNA splicing via the spliceosome. In addition, Polr1d and Snrpf1 were downregulated throughout postnatal development but elevated following sciatic nerve injury, according to a bioinformatics study. CMA may be an integral pathway in sciatic nerve injury via mRNA splicing.
Effects of antimicrobial peptides on Staphylococcus aureus growth and biofilm formation in vitro following isolation from implant-associated infections.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To prevent biomaterial-associated infections, antibiotic agents are recommended for various medical conditions requiring biomaterial implants, but resistance often appears after the introduction of antibiotics into clinical use. Therefore, new strategies for the prevention or treatment for biomaterial-associated infections are required. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of antimicrobial peptides on growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from implant-associated infections. A total of 20 patients with culture-proven staphylococcal infection associated with stable orthopedic implants were selected as the experimental group. S. aureus were isolated from tissue biopsies for identification, the isolated strains were mixed with Tet213 incubated at 37°C and viable bactrial number of S. aureus was counted. For the biofilm formation, the broad spectrum AMP Tet213 was selected and loaded onto the Ti coating first. At the same time Ti coated with Tet213 were mixed with S. aureus in vitro to form biofilm. After 30 min, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, the population of S. aureus in the biofilm was counted. Tet213 showed significant antibacterial effect on 16 strains (P < 0.05, Table 1). The inhibition rate reached above 80% among 12 strains of the clinically isolated strain. In biofilm experiments, counts of the NO. 1, 2, 3, 4 strains in biofilms decreased significantly after 2 h (P < 0.05), while there was no obvious difference in counts of NO. 5 strain (P > 0.05). The broad spectrum AMP Tet213 could strongly reduce the growth and biofilm formation of S. aureus in vitro, and the use of this might be an important new approach to target implant-associated infections.
[Quantification of the foveolar zone in normal and diabetic patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The AA studied the foveolar avascular zone (FAZ) in diabetic patients using digital image processing (512 x 521) and comparing different methods of measurements. The results obtained from eighteen diabetic patients and twelve healthy nondiabetic controls were compared. Each patient was submitted to fluorescein angiography. The foveal avascular zone was quantified both, digitalized or by manual procedure. The different methods of analysis are compared and the results presented.
Analysis of the Predation By Aporcelaimellus Nivalis On Prey Nematodes From Different Prey Trophic Categories

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Numerical analysis of the predatory behaviour of Aporcelaimellus nivalis, including strike rate encounters resulting in attack, attacks resulting in wounding, feeding after wounding, prey left unconsumed and duration of feeding upon an individual, was made in relation to five different prey trophic categories: 1) Bacterial feeders (Saprophagous nematodes), 2) Migratory juveniles (Sedentory endoparasitic nematodes), 3) Epidermal feeders (Ectoparasitic nematodes), 4) Cortical feeders (Ectoparasitic nematodes) and 5) Predatory nematodes. The degree of susceptibility on individual prey and prey trophic categories as a whole was found to vary. The endoparasitic nematodes were highly susceptible (prey susceptibility = 77%) but predators resisted predation well (prey resistance (PR) = 78%). Characteristics such as thick body cuticle, body annulations and thick longitudinal cuticular folds provided physical resistance to Hoplolaimus indicus, Scutellonema sp., Hemicriconemoides mangiferae, Hemicycliophora dhirendri and Mononchoides fortidens (PF= 100%). Mononchus aquaticus and Rhabditis sp. exhibited behavioural resistance in the form of rapid undula. tory movements and took evasive action when attacked. No individuals of Helicotylenchus indicu. were consumed by the predators. This was attributed to unfavourable/toxic prey contents (chemical resistance). Duration of feeding on an individual prey depended on the size of the prey and other physical and chemical factors.
Mounier Kuhn syndrome presenting with recurrent atelectasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective and importance Mounier Kuhn syndrome is usually diagnosed in adulthood, and only a few cases have been described in childhood. Clinical presentation We present the case of a seven-year-old boy suffering from recurrent pneumonia and atelectasis. Intervention Previously performed chest X-rays showed bilateral hyperinflation and tracheobronchomegaly. Chest computed tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of distal enlargement of trachea and bronchi. Tracheobronchomegaly associated with recurrent respiratory tract infections is consistent with Mounier Kuhn syndrome. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from the sputum of the patient. He was then treated according to the guidelines for P. aeruginosa management in cystic fibrosis patients considering the similarities in clinical presentations and pathophysiology of both diseases. Antibiotic treatment resulted in a remarkable reduction of events of pulmonary exacerbation and hospitalizations. There are no specific guidelines for treatment options in case of pulmonary exacerbation of Mounier Kuhn syndrome. Case reports discussing the choice and efficiency of antibiotic treatment are random. Conclusion headings We share our experience of treating pulmonary exacerbation caused by P. aeruginosa in a patient with Mounier Kuhn syndrome suggesting a possible treatment option of pseudomonas infections in this syndrome.