jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Folliculin gene-negative Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction and importance: Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) is a rare genetic disorder that results from a mutation in the folliculin (FLCN) gene. Manifestations include pulmonary cysts, fibrofolliculomas, renal tumors, and pneumothoraces. Genetic testing can be used to confirm the diagnosis when suspected. BHD syndrome is diagnosed in patients with negative FLCN gene results using diagnostic criteria. Case presentation: A male in his 20s presented with recurrent pneumothoraces. A physical examination revealed bumps on his face and upper body. A chest computed tomography scan revealed cystic lesions. Blood tests, ESR, and CRP levels were unremarkable. Punch skin biopsy revealed fibrofolliculomas. Genetic testing for the FLCN mutation returned negative. His history, physical exam, imaging, and histopathology suggested BHD syndrome despite having a negative family history and genetic analysis. Eventually, the patient was diagnosed with FLCN gene-negative BHD syndrome. Clinical discussion: More than a hundred families have been identified to have BHD worldwide. There are a few cases in the literature describing patients phenotypically presenting with BHD despite having a negative genetic analysis. One study in Japan found 16 out of 157 individuals having a clinical presentation of BHD with no mutations. Also, decreased expression of the FLCN mRNA may lead to BHD. Conclusion: BHD syndrome can present with a negative FLCN gene mutation; however, patients must meet the known diagnostic criteria such as criteria made by Menko et al ., Gupta et al ., and Schmidt et al . in order to have a diagnosis of BHD syndrome. Also, a qualitative decrease of FLCN with the absence of mutations may also lead to BHD.
LTE Downlink Scheduling Algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this thesis, an Overview of the LTE Downlink Scheduling Algorithms is presented. LTE provides high data rates and is expected to be used by many users in future since it has good coverage and has access to internet through their devices. The main mechanism of this LTE network in handling the user traffic is the scheduler. A scheduler is a key functionality in which the base-station decides which user should be given resources to receive or send the information. We focused on LTE Downlink schedulers and their functionality by studying their algorithms. The users are assigned with the shared resources by the network scheduler. We considered two scheduling algorithms, Round Robin and the Best CQI. The impact of each scheduler in terms of throughput and fairness and their abilities are known. Throughput and fairness are the two performance measures in the scheduler. By studying these two schedulers, a new scheduler is proposed which is a compromise between the throughput and the fairness.
PRENATAL CYTOLOGICAL RECOGNITION OF SEX‐LINKED AND CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Nuclear‐sexing techniques for Barr‐body and Y‐chromosome identification can help with direct guidance to parents who cannot accept the risk of a male child seriously affected by an incurable sex‐linked disorder resulting from a mutant gene, of which the mother is a carrier. Diagnosis of sex by a study of the amniotic cells, though relatively simple, is nevertheless a specialized technique. It can be carried out at about 16–18 weeks of pregnancy. Culture of cells for chromosome preparation is a skilled procedure. In favourable circumstances, some 80 to 90 per cent success can be obtained after a culture time of two to three weeks. Sufficient numbers of viable cells can generally be obtained if amniocentesis is carried out at 13 to 16 weeks. The procedure is useful for prenatal diagnosis when termination is agreed upon because of the high risk, which translocation or interchange carriers or chromosome‐mosaic parents may have, of producing chromosomally unbalanced children.
Spontaneous regression of cervical disc herniation in a patient with myelopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. The aim of this work was to present a rare case of spontaneous regression of a herniated cervical disc in a patient with myelopathy. Case outline. A 31-year-old women presented with two weeks? history of neck pain associated with numbness in her body and all four extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine showed a large posterior medial disc extrusion at the C5?C6 spinal segment, causing myelopathy. The patient refused discectomy that was recommended. She received symptomatic treatment in the form of analgesics, a muscle relaxant, and a hard cervical collar. A follow-up MRI of the cervical spine, performed after 11 months, revealed almost complete regression of disc herniation. The patient?s symptoms subsided completely after one year. Conclusion. In some cases of cervical disc herniation with myelopathy, especially in patients with mild neurological deficit, symptomatic therapy should be considered.
Catalyst or Obstacle? Green innovation and total factor energy efficiency

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Green innovation possesses dual externalities of “innovation” and “environmental protection”, and enhancing energy efficiency serves as a crucial means to promote high-quality economic development. Building upon the energy rebound effect, we use the balanced panel data of cities at prefecture level and above in China from 2008 to 2018 to explore the impact of urban green innovation on total factor energy efficiency (TFEE). The findings of this study indicate that, firstly, the impact of green innovation on TFEE exhibits a positive U-shaped pattern, characterized by initial suppression followed by subsequent promotion. This conclusion remains robust after undergoing a series of rigorous robustness tests. Second, high-quality green innovation is found to reach the turning point more quickly, implying that substantial green innovation can cross the turning point in smaller quantities. Thirdly, on the whole, in comparison to non-resource-based cities, resource-based cities are capable of reaching the turning point at an earlier stage. Finally, the new energy demonstration cities have not yet reached the turning point, while the non-new energy demonstration cities have crossed the turning point. This study contributes novel insights into the relationship between green innovation and TFEE, which holds significant implications for the formulation and implementation of sustainable development policies.
Turbulence, magnetic fields, and plasma physics in clusters of galaxies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Observations of galaxy clusters show that the intracluster medium (ICM) is likely to be turbulent and is certainly magnetized. The properties of this magnetized turbulence are determined both by fundamental nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic interactions and by the plasma physics of the ICM, which has very low collisionality. Cluster plasma threaded by weak magnetic fields is subject to firehose and mirror instabilities. These saturate and produce fluctuations at the ion gyroscale, which can scatter particles, increasing the effective collision rate and, therefore, the effective Reynolds number of the ICM. A simple way to model this effect is proposed. The model yields a self-accelerating fluctuation dynamo whereby the field grows explosively fast, reaching the observed, dynamically important, field strength in a fraction of the cluster lifetime independent of the exact strength of the seed field. It is suggested that the saturated state of the cluster turbulence is a combination of the conventional isotropic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, characterized by folded, direction-reversing magnetic fields and an Alfvén-wave cascade at collisionless scales. An argument is proposed to constrain the reversal scale of the folded field. The picture that emerges appears to be in qualitative agreement with observations of magnetic fields in clusters.
Metatheory in Psychology and a Psychology of Metatheory: The Case of William James

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This chapter considers how some of the personal experiences and personal qualities of William James may be seen as having had their influence on James' philosophical views on the nature of psychology. Many psychologists are perhaps happy enough to abandon the contemplations of metaphysicians to the nether world of the irrational and psycho-logical. Psychology is not philosophy, it is science. As a science, psychology is an unambiguous and exact pursuit of causal and cumulative knowledge, an impersonal and value-free pursuit. James' metatheoretical views about psychology may be regarded as somewhat more humanistic than scientific. James' cognitive style may be regarded as favoring ways of processing information more holistic than analytic. The story of James' struggles with the conflicting voices of his father, his prolonged indecision over his vocation, and his neuraesthenic suffering during his "pessimistic" crisis is one that has figured importantly in biographical and psychobiographical accounts.
Diversity in Board of Directors: Review of Diversity as a Factor to Enhance Board Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract In light of growing corporate influence in the business world and thus increasing further need to improve framework of corporate governance for shareholders’ protection, diversity is examined as a necessary factor to enhance monitoring and leadership functions of board of directors. This article analyses empirical studies with samples on various countries in order to examine effect of board composition and diversity on primary responsibilities of Board of Directors. Author is providing theoretical overview of diversity benefits and practical perspective of gender, qualifications, and background diversity in board performance. Our results show an added value of gender diversity to company performance in social and healthcare industries. Furthermore, author shows a rather negative effect of gender quotas. This study sheds a light on empirical researches and a need to include additional cultural factors called country readiness factors.
PersonLink: A Multilingual and Multicultural Ontology Representing Family Relationships

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many existing open linked datasets include descriptions of real world persons, with the relationships between

them. For some traditional and/or emerging relationships, existing ontologies do not provide the adequate

links. This paper represents PersonLink, an ontology that defines rigorously and precisely family relationships,

and takes into account the differences that may exist between cultures, including new relationships emerging

in our societies nowadays. Moreover, the transition from one culture/language to another one cannot be solved

with a simple translation of terms, especially when concepts do not intersect in different languages; thus our

solution refers to a multicultural meta-ontology of concepts and associated mechanisms. A validation has been

performed on two linked datasets DBpedia and Freebase.
Plague, pandemics and divine punishment among the hittites

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The kingdom of the Hittites was not stranger to calamities. The Hittites conceived pandemics \nthat affected the population from time to time as a punishment inflicted by angry gods. The commitments of the Hittite elite were therefore manyfold: to investigate the reasons of such a punishment, to find a scapegoat or the ultimate cause for it, to appease angry gods, and eventually to resume the previous order. While procedures to gain specific goals are well known to us, thanks to the detailed descriptions of acts and formulae within the technical oracular literature, we know a bit less about the concrete nature of a pandemic, since the Hittites generally defined it as ḫenkan (primarily “death”). In this paper, I briefly present the most revealing occurrences of pandemic into the Hittite sources to disclose the real nature and the causes of the deadly diseases affecting the Hittite population within a precise historical frame.
Conceptualization of Drug Metaphors in YouTube News

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research aims to reveal the conceptualisation of drug metaphors in YouTube news. This type of research includes qualitative research which is descriptive analysis. This research method uses the methods of listening, engaging, and discoursing. The advanced technique uses the comparative equating technique to determine the correspondence between metaphorical expressions and the cognitive function of metaphors. The results of this study reveal that ontological metaphors are more dominant in YouTube news compared to structural metaphors and orientational metaphors. The narrator conceptualises more physical things for abstract things. The metaphors contained in the drug news were found to be 2 structural metaphors, 3 orientational metaphors, and 12 ontological metaphors.
Glycosidic Precursors of Varietal Grape and Wine Flavor

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The chemical composition and possible biogenetic relationships amongst the norisoprenoid volatiles from hydrolysates of Chardonnay grape precursor fractions are presented along with the sensory contribution that hydrolyzed precursors of Chardonnay and Semillon can make to wines of those varieties. Quantitative descriptive methods were used for the sensory analyses and these showed that attributes such as grassy, tea, lime and honey can be derived from the precursors. The norisoprenoid volatiles found in the precursor hydrolysates can be rationalized as coming from lutein, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin and neoxanthin via 3-hydroxy-α-ionone, 3-hydroxy-β-ionone, 5,6-epoxy-3- hydroxymegastigm-7-en-9-one, and 3,5-dihydroxymegastigma-6,7-dien-9-one.
A neuro-inspired architecture for unsupervised continual learning based on online clustering and hierarchical predictive coding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose that the Continual Learning desiderata can be achieved through a neuro-inspired architecture, grounded on Mountcastle's cortical column hypothesis. The proposed architecture involves a single module, called Self-Taught Associative Memory (STAM), which models the function of a cortical column. STAMs are repeated in multi-level hierarchies involving feedforward, lateral and feedback connections. STAM networks learn in an unsupervised manner, based on a combination of online clustering and hierarchical predictive coding. This short paper only presents the architecture and its connections with neuroscience. A mathematical formulation and experimental results will be presented in an extended version of this paper.
Temporal changes in chromosome abnormality rate in human spontaneous abortions: evidence for an association between sex-chromosome monosomy and trisomy 16

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

As part of a cytogenetic survey of human spontaneous abortions, the relative frequencies of different categories of chromosome abnormalities were evaluated for possible temporal changes. Three classes of chromosome abnormalities showed significant linear trends; sex-chromosome monosomy and tetraploidy decreased over the study period, while trisomy increased. The increase in trisomy was largely attributable to trisomy 16, which showed a two-fold increase over the duration of the study. The linear increase in trisomy 16 was inversely related to sex-chromosome monosomy. This effect was restricted to women over 30 yr of age and was most pronounced among Oriental women.
Olive Pink Collection. Coloured pencil on paper sketched by Olive Pink, Near Granites, Northern Territory, no date. Identified by Olive Pink as Petalostylis labicheoides "Mulga Plain Country"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Coloured pencil on paper sketched by Olive Pink, Near Granites, Northern Territory, no date. Identified by Olive Pink as Petalostylis labicheoides "Mulga Plain Country" (Dimensions 18.5x22.8cm) (File No. p6-9-1)
Skills mismatch of natives and immigrants in Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite the strong interest in skills mismatch, an internationally agreed methodology to measure the phenomenon is lacking and methodological discussions are on-going. At the same time, matching of jobs and skills is a major factor shaping labour market outcomes, and monitoring of levels and trends of skills mismatch is important to inform labour market policy development including labour migration and integration policy.

In this Technical Report, which is part of the larger efforts that the ILO is undertaking to contribute to the understanding and quantification of skills mismatch, several methodologies are used to analyse trends at the country level. The report also assesses differences in skills mismatch risk between groups of workers identified by age, sex or country of birth.
How to cook a dragon: a novel & "Food and cheer and prose": the gastronomy of fantastic literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This creative writing thesis comprises a novel and critical commentary. How to Cook a Dragon is a high fantasy novel with an urban fantasy subplot centered on an annual cooking competition known as the Banquest and unfortunately this year it is plagued by violence and tragedy. The journeys of Banquestors half-elf Adrini Frey and halfling Jacque Bloomer are intersected with that of draconi Inspector Kallista Okoias as she unfolds mysteries close to her heart and tied to her past. The accompanying critical commentary rests at a junction of food studies and creative writing that defines “the gastronomy of fantastic literature.” I first analyze how the terroir of fantastic food influences the “taste of place” in fictional words. This thesis also shows how food can be identified and qualified within the taxonomy of Objects of Alimentation. Additionally, there are infrastructures of subcreation—nature, culture, language, and mythology and philosophy—where writers use the food of the Primary World to allow for more realized Secondary Worlds in fantastic literature. Finally, there is the consideration of the context and creative practice of the novel is viewed through genre and characterization.
Mr imaging in graft‐dependent recurrent hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to compare the value of MR imaging versus sonography in the detection of hyperfunctioning transplanted parathyroid tissue. After parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation of parathyroid tissue to the forearm, 14 patients were examined with sonography and MR imaging. Five of these patients had recurrent hyperparathyroidism. In three of these five, sonography found one echolucent nodule. MR imaging in all three patients detected, in addition to this nodule, other small nodules of hyperplastic parathyroid tissue, which were confirmed intraoperatively. In the other two patients, sonographic and MR imaging findings were negative. Further investigations showed that both patients had a fifth parathyroid gland. In the patients without recurrent hyperparathyroidism, sonography showed scar tissue only, whereas MR imaging found some tiny, contrast-enhancing structures in two patients, probably autograft material. MR imaging seems to be more sensitive than sonography in detecting hyperfunctioning autotransplanted parathyroid tissue.
Cardiac effects of lithium therapy in man: a review.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The literature concerning possible cardiotoxic effects of lithium therapy in man is reviewed. Reports indicate a high frequency of electrocardiographic T wave morphology changes with lithium therapy. Therapeutic and toxic levels of lithium have infrequently been associated with serious cardiac dysfunction. Of particular concern are cases of sinus mode dysfunction or sinoatrial block and the appearance or aggravation of ventricular irritability. The incidence of cardiac complications may increase with age. The necessity or cardiac screening and monitoring of patients receiving lithium is discussed.
Analyse for the pathogenies in the vagina secretion of 1800 patients in the gynecology out-patient department

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To find out the pathogenies in the vagina secretion of patients in the gynecology out-patient department.Methods To check the vagina secretions using method of solution,and to check G-pneumococci using the gram staining.To observe pathogenies in the vagina secretion of 1800 cases.Result Among 1800 cases,candida positive were 549 cases(30.50%),trichomona positive were 34 cases(1.89%),bacterial vaginosis positive were 399 cases(22.17%),G-pneumococci positive were 16 cases(0.89%),candida together with trichomona positive were 2 cases(0.11%),candida together with bacterial vaginosis positive were 192 cases(10.67%),candida together with G-pneumococci were 5 cases(0.28%),candida together with bacterial vaginosis and G-pneumococci were 3 cases(0.17%).Conclusions The pathogenies in the vagina secretion of patients in the gynecology out-patient department are complex,most are vulvovaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis,some patient can get infected by several pathogenies together.
Evidence for heterosis in the HLA system.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The number of persons with homozygous HLA haplotypes in several groups of South American Indians was 39% less than that expected assuming unmodified equilibrium. In a subpopulation of 122 persons whose parents' HLA constitutions were known, there were 56% fewer homozygous persons than expected. This deficit was widely distributed in different haplotypes and different tribal groups.
[Neurolinguistic aspects in autism spectrum disorders. Neuroanatomical and functional relations].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The neural bases underlying this failure to develop language are unknown. Several functional and structural imaging studies have identified irregularities in language-related regions in autism spectrum disorders, such as morphometric differences in Broca's area and Wernicke's area, and patterns of reduced or reversed laterality in frontal and temporal cortex. There is also decreased functional connectivity between anterior and posterior language regions.
Metabolism of Dextran Sulfate Sodium by Intestinal Bacteria in Rat Cecum Is Related to Induction of Colitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is one of the most widely used experimental animal models. However, the mechanism responsible for the pathogenesis of the colitis is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to clarify the events occurring after administration of DSS to rats focusing on the relationship between the intestinal bacterial metabolism of DSS and the intestinal mucosal lesions in the model. Within 2 d after DSS administration, severe injury of the cecal mucosa was evident, together with bloody feces and blood in the cecum. However, these lesions were repressed by administration of antibiotics. On the other hand, DSS was found to be metabolized under anaerobic conditions upon incubation with cecal content in vitro, first being desulfated and then undergoing carbohydrate moiety degradation. However, no such metabolic process occurred when cecal content from rats that had been administered antibiotics was employed. These results indicate that the initial step of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis is lesioning of the cecal mucosa, which is related to metabolism of DSS by intestinal bacteria.