jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identification of soil erosion sensitive areas based on improved stability mapping method and the relative contributions of climate change and human activities

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Rapid and accurate identification of soil erosion-sensitive regions, along with assessing the quantitative effects of climate change and human activities on their dynamic evolution, is essential for formulating effective zonal prevention measures and achieving sustainable soil resource utilization. Traditional methods for evaluating soil erosion sensitivity were often based on static data and failed to capture the dynamic erosion process, making it difficult to accurately reflect soil erosion sensitivity. Therefore, this study introduced an improved Stable Mapping Method (STD) using Yunnan Province as the study area. It identified erosion-sensitive areas based on the spatiotemporal characteristics of erosion and employed trend analysis and multiple regression residual analysis to reveal the differences in soil erosion responses to climate change and human activities in various sensitive areas. The study indicated that: 1) Nearly 30 % of areas in Yunnan Province exhibited varying degrees of sensitivity to soil erosion. Among these, high-sensitivity zones were primarily concentrated in the downstream areas of the six major basins, indicating that human activities, such as excessive development and construction, may be significant factors contributing to the exacerbation of soil erosion. 2) The dominant factor in changes to soil erosion was the combined impact of climate change and human activities. With growing sensitivity, there was a noticeable increase in the area of regions where erosion was worsened by both of these influences. 3) The effects of human activities and climate change showed substantial variation among areas with different sensitivity levels, with the disparity becoming more evident as sensitivity increased. Overall, the impact of human activities on soil erosion was more pronounced than that of climate change. The research demonstrates the varying effects and interplay between climate change and human activities on soil erosion across different vulnerable regions, laying the groundwork for surveillance, preemptive alerts, hazard mitigation, and localized safeguards.
Review of the Operational Performance of Grid Connected PV Systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The main objective of this paper is to review the operational performance of grid connected residential PV systems by comparing the Performance Ratio and Annual System Yield indicators. In order to collect a large number of high resolution data web scraping techniques were applied and as a result a total of 2693 systems form Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, Italy and France are analyzed. The installations are examined according to geographical and seasonal criteria and a further performance analysis is conducted in comparison with the type of module and the inverter that are used. The Performance Ratio in the Netherlands has an average value of 78% and the Annual Specific Yield was 874 kWh/kWp for the year 2013. As a result of the local meteorological variations, the coastal part of the country produces 7% higher yields is 3% more efficient compared to the mainland. The higher average annual specific yield was observed in South Italy in 2011 (1352 kWh/kWp) and the lower in the Netherlands in 2012 (865 kWh/kWp).
Upper Maastrichtian ammonites and nannofossils and a Palaeocene nautiloid from Richards Bay, Kwa Zulu, South Africa

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Temporary exposures of Upper Maastrichtian to Palaeocene sediments of the Richard Bay area, Kwa Zulu, yielded Maastrichtian and Danian cephalopod faunas. The lower Upper Maastrichtian assemblage, dated to nannofossil standard biozone CC25b, or UC20a of BURNETT (1998), is: Anagaudryceras politissimum (KOSSMAT, 1895), Pseudophyllites indra (FORBES, 1846) (abundant), Desmophyllites diphylloides (FORBES, 1846), Pachydiscus (P.) australis HENDERSON and McNAMARA, 1985, Menuites fresvillensis (SEUNES, 1890), Diplomoceras cylindraceum (DEFRANCE, 1816), Baculites abatryensis COLLIGNON, 1971, Eubaculites carinatus (MORTON, 1834), and E. latecarinatus (BRUNNSCHWEILER, 1966). The Danian yields a monospecific assemblage of Hercoglossa madagascariensis COLLIGNON, 1951. The Maastrichtian assemblage has strong similarities to the lower Upper Maastrichtian fauna of the Miria Formation of Western Australia, and is made up of cosmopolitan and latitudinally restricted taxa: there are no endemic elements.
ON THE INFLUENCE OF SOME PHYSICO-CHEMICAL FACTORS ON THE OPTICAL FLASH OF LUMINESCENCE IN ALKALI HALIDE PHOSPHORS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The influence of physicochemical factors on the spectra of the KCl-Tl phosphor was investigated. It is shown that changing the activator concentration causes a redistribution of the band intensities in the optical flash stimulation spectrum, the different traps having different optimum concentrations of the activator. The spectral sensitivity of KCl-Tl toward infrared is decreased by adding divalent nonactivating impurities and increased by the plastic deformation of the crystal. The measured optical flash stimulation spectra in the homologous series of thalliumactivated alkali halide phosphors are presented. (auth)
Expanding the Solvable Space of Polycube-Map via Validity-Enhanced Construction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Polycube-maps are highly valuable in computer graphics, particularly concerning hexahedral meshes. Currently, the validity of polycube is determined based on Steinitz and Eppstein's approach, which only addresses 3-connected graphs. However, extending the features of polycubes to encompass 4- and 6-connected graphs holds significant practical importance. We strengthen the validity structure of the polycube-map, providing a polycube validity theorem based on the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, offering both global and local conditions. Our theorem allows for 4- and 6-connected cases, expanding the existing solvable space of 3- and 5-singularity polycube-map to include 3-, 5-, and 6-singularity scenarios. Our theorem effectively addresses models that, while not meeting the existing valid polycube criteria, are indeed valid polycube polyhedra in practice. Additionally, within the label optimization framework, we introduce the Immune Genetic Algorithm (I-GA algorithm) tailored to our theorem, enabling the robust generation of polycube-map. We evaluate our method using thingi10k and ABC datasets. Results demonstrate that our validity theorem expands the solvable space of polycubes while achieving higher quality all-hexahedral meshing for models with a singularity level of six. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations associated with our proposed method.
Quantum Secure Protocols for Multiparty Computations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Secure multiparty computation (MPC) schemes allow two or more parties to conjointly compute a function on their private input sets while revealing nothing but the output. Existing state-of-the-art number-theoretic-based designs face the threat of attacks through quantum algorithms. In this context, we present secure MPC protocols that can withstand quantum attacks. We first present the design and analysis of an information-theoretic secure oblivious linear evaluation (OLE), namely ${\sf qOLE}$ in the quantum domain, and show that our ${\sf qOLE}$ is safe from external attacks. In addition, our scheme satisfies all the security requirements of a secure OLE. We further utilize ${\sf qOLE}$ as a building block to construct a quantum-safe multiparty private set intersection (MPSI) protocol.
195-OR: The Ubiquitin-Ligase Substrate Adaptor KCTD17 Controls β-Cell Compensation to Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction and Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is closely linked to insulin resistance and loss of functional β-cell mass. However, not all insulin-resistant individuals develop T2D. We aimed to investigate the transcriptomic and m6A RNA methylation modifications in β-cells during their successful adaptation to insulin resistance (IR). Methods: We performed mRNA-seq on sorted β-cells from mouse models with graded compensation to IR: (a) a dietary model (HFD), (b) a genetic model (LIRKO, liver-specific insulin receptor KO on chow), and (c) a combined model (LIRKO on a HFD) (n=86 mice). We correlated transcriptomic data with β-cell compensation readouts, and integrated these findings with scRNA-seq datasets from human β-cells with/without T2D. Additionally, we conducted m6A-seq in these mouse islets (n=155 mice). Results: Our analyses identified the ubiquitin-ligase substrate adaptor KCTD17 as a key regulator of β-cell adaptation. Expression of KCTD17 positively correlated with increased β-cell function and mass in mouse models but was downregulated at both mRNA and protein levels in human T2D β-cells. KCTD17 KD in human β-cells increased apoptosis and impaired GSIS. Transcriptomic analysis of KCTD17 KD cells revealed dysregulated pathways linked to β-cell function and identity. Antibody-microarray analysis showed reductions in MAPK and insulin signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that KCTD17 binds and regulates the degradation of clathrin, a key player in insulin receptor internalization. m6A-seq revealed differential methylation of chromatin-modifying enzymes during β-cell compensation. Supporting this, ATAC-seq data from human T2D islets showed decreased chromatin accessibility at the KCTD17 locus. Conclusion: These findings position KCTD17 as a novel regulator of β-cells, and demonstrate the importance of m6A methylation in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation during β-cell adaptation to IR. Disclosure D.F. De Jesus: None. N.K. Brown: None. Z. Zhang: None. G. Fogarty: None. J. Wei: None. J. Hu: None. S. Kahraman: Employee; Boehringer-Ingelheim. A. El Ouaamari: None. E. Dirice: None. C. He: None. R. Kulkarni: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk, Biomea Fusion, REDD Pharma, Inversago Pharma. Research Support; Inversago Pharma. Stock/Shareholder; Biomea Fusion. Funding NIH (R01 DK067536, UC4 DK116278, RC2 DK139552, and K99 DK135927)
Gestational age dating using newborn metabolic screening: A validation study in Busia, Uganda

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Limited ultrasound capacity in low-resource settings makes correct gestational age (GA) dating difficult.Previous work demonstrated that newborn metabolic profiles can accurately determine gestational age, but this relationship has not been evaluated in low-income countries.The objective of this study was to validate and adapt a metabolic GA dating model developed using newborn blood spots for use in a low-resource setting in rural Uganda.Methods A cohort of pregnant women was followed prospectively and heel stick blood spots were collected from 666 newborns in Busia, Uganda at the time of delivery.They were dried, frozen, and shipped to the US where they were tested for 47 metabolites.Metabolic model performance was assessed using early ultrasound determined GA as the standard.Models tested included previously built multivariable models and models specifically adapted to the Busia population. ResultsThe previously built model successfully dated 81.2% of newborns within two weeks of their ultrasound GA.Only 4.8% of GAs were off by greater than three weeks.In the model adapted to the local population, 89.2% of GAs matched their corresponding ultrasound to within two weeks.The model-derived preterm birth rate was 7.2% compared to 5.9% by ultrasound. ConclusionsThese results suggest that metabolic dating is a reliable method to determine GA in a low-income setting.Metabolic dating offers the potential to better elucidate preterm birth rates in low-resource settings, which is important for assessing population-level patterns, tailoring clinical care, and understanding the developmental trajectories of preterm infants.
Sustained inflation and chest compression versus 3:1 chest compression to ventilation ratio during cardiopulmonary resuscitation of asphyxiated newborns (SURV1VE): A cluster randomised controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective In newborn infants requiring chest compression (CC) in the delivery room (DR) does continuous CC superimposed by a sustained inflation (CC+SI) compared with a 3:1 compression:ventilation (3:1 C:V) ratio decreases time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Design International, multicenter, prospective, cluster cross-over randomised trial. Setting DR in four hospitals in Canada and Austria, Participants Newborn infants >28 weeks’ gestation who required CC. Interventions Hospitals were randomised to CC+SI or 3:1 C:V then crossed over to the other intervention. Main outcome measure The primary outcome was time to ROSC, defined as the duration of CC until an increase in heart rate >60/min determined by auscultation of the heart, which was maintained for 60 s. Sample size of 218 infants (109/group) was sufficient to detect a clinically important 33% reduction (282 vs 420 s of CC) in time to ROSC. Analysis was intention-to-treat. Results Patient recruitment occurred between 19 October 2017 and 22 September 2022 and randomised 27 infants (CC+SI (n=12), 3:1 C:V (n=15), two (one per group) declined consent). All 11 infants in the CC+SI group and 12/14 infants in the 3:1 C:V group achieved ROSC in the DR. The median (IQR) time to ROSC was 90 (60–270) s and 615 (174–780) s (p=0.0502 (log rank), p=0.16 (cox proportional hazards regression)) with CC+SI and 3:1 C:V, respectively. Mortality was 2/11 (18.2%) with CC+SI versus 8/14 (57.1%) with 3:1 C:V (p=0.10 (Fisher’s exact test), OR (95% CI) 0.17; (0.03 to 1.07)). The trial was stopped due to issues with ethics approval and securing trial insurance as well as funding reasons. Conclusion The time to ROSC and mortality was not statistical different between CC+SI and 3:1 C:V. Trial registration NCT02858583 .
Transitional changes of spacer materials used in carbon‐ion radiation therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the imaging findings and transitional changes in spacer materials used in carbon‐ion radiation therapy Materials Medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and the maximum thickness, volume, and CT value of spacers were calculated from CT scans. Procedure‐related complications were recorded. Results A spacer was surgically placed in six patients in retroperitoneal, presacral, or peritoneal sites. The spacer material was polyglycolic acid (PGA) in four patients and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) in two patients. The thickness of PGA spacers showed no changes in any patients within 4 weeks, but increased within 6 weeks in one patient and was unchanged or decreased in the remaining patients. PGA spacer volume decreased gradually after placement in three of four patients; this was observed at 4 months in two patients and at 6 months in one patient. The mean CT value of PGA spacers was 83 HU just after placement, and decreased gradually thereafter. Air was seen in the PGA spacers of two patients. Neither ePTFE spacer showed volume changes over time, and the mean CT value was low (mean, –53.7 HU) just after placement but increased rapidly to 145 HU at 2 months. Conclusion Spacer imaging findings may vary according to type and may change over time. Familiarity with these features is beneficial for diagnostic radiologists.
Impact of additional community services provision on dementia caregiver burden: an interrupted time-series analysis of 12-year interRAI assessments in Hong Kong

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To evaluate the impact of providing additional dementia caregiver support services on caregiver burden. Design Interrupted time-series analysis using territory-wide panel data. Settings All public-funded district elderly community centres in Hong Kong (HK). Participants Primary caregivers for older adults (age over 65 years) living with dementia assessed through International Residential Assessment in HK between 1 October 2004 and 31 September 2016. Paid caregivers were excluded. Interventions In April 2014, US$280 million was allocated to provide additional psychological support, education and respite care for dementia caregivers in HK. Main outcome measures Caregiver burden was measured by two age-standardised rates: (1) caregivers in emotional distress; and (2) caregivers with long care time in a week (more than 20 hours a week). We fitted the two time-series into Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models to evaluate intervention impacts, with follow-up analyses to consider a 6-month transition period of policy implementation. Segmented linear regressions and Holt-Winter exponential smoothening models were used as sensitivity analyses. Results 36 689 dementia caregivers were included in this study, of which 14.4% caregivers were distress and 31.9% were long-hours caregivers after the policy intervention in April 2014. Providing additional caregiver service significantly reduced standardised rates of caregivers in distress (β (95% CI)=−3.93 (−7.85 to −0.01), p<0.05), but the effect was not sustained (p=0.183). There was no significant impact on the level of age-standardised rates of caregiver with long care time (β (95 CI)=−4.25 (−9.61 to 1.10), p=0.120). Also, there was no significant delay of intervention impacts. Conclusion Our study finds that strengthening caregiver services provision could reduce distress rates among primary caregivers for older adults living with dementia. Expanding community services for caregiver could be a solution to the escalating burden of informal care for people living with dementia.
The crystal chemistry of iron (III) monophosphates with mono and divalent metallic cations

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

As a contribution to the study of alkaline iron (III) monophosphates, we recently investigated the A3PO4-M3(PO4)2-FePO4 (A: alkali metal; M: divalent cation) using both the flux method and the solid state reaction. This investigation led to the synthesis and structural characterization of twelve new compounds. Their structural analysis showed them to be constructed by PO4 tetrahedra and FeOx polyhedra (x = 6, 5, 4). The Fe polyhedra are either isolated or forming finite units of corner- or edge-sharing, or infinite chains of edge-sharing octahedra. The resulting Fe structural units are linked by the PO4 tetrahedra via corner or edge-sharing, giving rise to mixed covalent frameworks which can be either bi- or three-dimentionnel. The alkali cations occupy the interlayer space or tunnels and cavities.
Kinetics of Pulmonary O2 Uptake and Muscle Deoxygenation During Active and Passive Recovery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The rate of recovery (i.e., decrease) of local O2 delivery and O2 utilization following exercise may be altered by passive or active recovery and may affect the recovery of pulmonary O uptake (VO) kinetics. PURPOSE: To determine the rate of recovery of local muscle deoxygenation during active and passive recovery from moderate-intensity exercise and the relationship with the time course of VO2p recovery. METHODS: 5 male subjects performed repeated step-transitions (6 min) from mo derate-intensity (90% θL) alternate-leg knee-extension to active (A-KE; ∼5 W) or passive (P-KE) recovery. VO2p was measured breath-by-breath by mass spectrometer and volume turbine. Deoxy- (HHb), oxy- (HbO2), and total (Hbtot) Hb/Mb of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured continuously by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS; Hamamatsu NIRO-300). The VO2p and HHb data were filtered, time-aligned and ensemble-averaged to provide a single response for each subject. VO2p data were then averaged to 10 s bins and fit with a mono exponential function during the phase 2 recovery. HHb data were averaged to 5 s bins and fit with a monoexponential function from the start of recovery. RESULTS: The decrease in VO2p during recovery was smaller (p<0.05) in A-KE (0.59 ±0.18 L-min·1) than P-KE (0.80 ±0.16 L·min−1), with end-recovery VO2p higher (p<0.05) in A-KE (0.57 ± 0.03 L·min−1) than P-KE (0.44 ± 0.04 L·min−1). The τVO2p was not different in A-KE (30 ± 2 s) and P-KE (30 ± 3 s). The amplitude of the decrease in HHb during recovery, and end-recovery HHb were not different between A-KE and P-KE. Recovery τHHb in A-KE was 49 ± 9 s vs. 74 ± 29 s in P-KE. Although for the present sample this difference was not significant, 4 of the 5 subjects had a shorter τHHb in A-KE than P-KE. CONCLUSIONS: The trend for a prolonged elevation of muscle deoxygenation with passive recovery consequent to a greater fall in VO2 with similar off-transient kinetics to that of active recovery suggests a need to maintain excess O2 extraction, likely as a consequence of a larger decrease in local muscle O2 delivery. (Supported by NSERC)
A New Inbred Substrain&ldquo;C3H/HeNSa&rdquo;

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The C3H/HeN mice have been bred by brother-sister mating in our laboratory, for more than 20 generations, since they were obtained from the National Cancer Institute, U.S.A. in April, 1956. This report deals with the breeding records and pathology of mammary tumors in these mice.Of the 333 breeding females, 240 mice (72.0%) developed mammary tumors at an average age of 8.3 months (Table 2 and Fig. 1) . In the virgin females, however, mammary tumors were found in 16 of the 101 mice (15.8%) at an average age of 15.8 months. Survival time of the mice bearing mammary tumors was about 50 daye (Fig. 2) . Histologically, 43 of the 78 primary tumors (55%) showed type A of Dunn's criteria and others type B. No metastasis was found in any tissues other than the lungs and lymph nodes (Table 6) . The pulmonary metastases were fonud in 40% of both breeders and virgin females. Most of the pulmonary metastases appeared to grow intravascularly, but not perivascularly (Photo 3) . Histological findings of the metastases closely resembled the primary tumors.The C3H/HeN mice bred in our laboratory showed consistently a high susceptibility to the ascites hepatomas MH134, MH129P, MH129F and the ascites mammary tumor FM3A which origi nated in this strain of mouse.The authors proposed to designate the new substrain of C3H/HeN mice as C3H/HeNSa strain. “Sa” represents the initial of Sendai where our Institute is located.