jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SUN-739 Next Generation AR Antagonists Increase Systemic Active Glucocorticoid Exposure by Altering Glucocorticoid Metabolism

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Enzalutamide and apalutamide are potent next-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonists used in metastatic and non-metastatic prostate cancer. Despite the increased survival benefits of these agents, resistance normally occurs and the disease transitions to its lethal form. We hypothesized that enzalutamide and apalutamide suppress 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11β-HSD2), which normally converts cortisol to cortisone, leading to elevated cortisol concentrations and increased ratio of active to inactive glucocorticoids. We measured cortisol and cortisol/cortisone ratio (substrate/product of 11β-HSD2) in serum using mass spectrometry before and 1 month on-treatment in 3 clinical trials: 1) neoadjuvant apalutamide + leuprolide (n=25) 2) enzalutamide +/- PROSTVAC for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (n=54) and 3) enzalutamide +/- PROSTVAC for non-metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (n=38 patients). Progression-free survival (PFS) was determined in the metastatic CRPC study of enzalutamide +/- PROSTVAC for those with glucocorticoid changes above and below the median. A statistically significant rise in cortisol concentration and cortisol/cortisone ratio with AR antagonist treatment occurred uniformly across all 3 clinical trials. For example, a rise in cortisol/cortisone ratio occurred in 23/25 (92%) patients (p &lt; 0.001), 36/54 (67%) patients (p &lt; 0.001), and 30/38 (79%) patients (p = 0.051), in the 3 respective trials. In the trial of enzalutamide +/- PROSTVAC for metastatic CRPC, high cortisol/cortisone ratio in the enzalutamide arm was associated with significantly improved PSA progression-free survival and radiographic progression-free survival. However, in the enzalutamide + PROSTVAC arm, the opposite trend was observed. In conclusion, treatment with enzalutamide or apalutamide increases systemic exposure to active glucocorticoids. These findings have potential consequences for immune suppression and the efficacy of treatment combinations using next-generation AR antagonists. On-treatment, glucocorticoid changes might serve as a pharmacodynamic biomarker.
Evaluering van plantdoders vir langtermynbeheer van onkruid in aanplantings van knoffel (Allium sativum L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Van die ses plantdoders wat geëvalueer is, het slegs oksifluorfen bevredigende siesoenlange beheer van onkruide in aanplantings van knoffel (Allium sativum L.) verskaf. Oksadiason, chloroksuron, nitrofen, metabenstiasuron, ioksinil en oksifluorfen het min of geen fitotoksiese simptome op knoffel teen aanbevole dosisse vir uie vertoon nie. Oksifluorfen, as 'n na-opkomsbehandeling toegedien, het swaar skroeisimptome veroorsaak wat binne 14 dae na toediening verdwyn het. Nie een van die behandelings het opbrengs, bolgrootte en stamdeursnit nadelig beïnvloed nie. S.-Afr. Tydskr. Plant Grond 1985, 2: 85–88
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL WAVE MOTION USING LAGRANGIAN DESCRIPTION

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Lagrangian coordinate system has a notable advantage in the description of surface conditions which essentially prescribe the dynamics of water waves, although some difficulties are involved in numerical solution of equations. In this context, two alternative schemes (velocity and pressure formulations) are presented for analyzing two-dimensional transformation of water waves. Their usefulness is examined through application to the resonant behavior of sloshing waves as well as to the breaking of a solitary wave.
CMOS integrated oscillator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In digital or analog circuits, the need to provide a stable operating frequency is extremely important. It is also not a simple feat to achieve such a stable frequency due to factors such as power supply and temperature which will affect the frequency provided. The oscillator is one possible method of obtaining a defined frequency and using that frequency to drive a load or supply devices. Within the oscillator itself, there are many different forms of architecture, such as the ring oscillator and the relaxation oscillator, which can be designed to obtain a suitable frequency. In this project, a simple CMOS relaxation oscillator design will be adopted. The sub-blocks of the whole circuit will be individually designed and put together to form the oscillator. The oscillator is expected to function at 20MHz and perform accurately over temperature variation of -40⁰C to 125⁰C. The circuit will also go through process corner simulation, and the performance variations over different corners will be analyzed.
The German Approach to Counterinsurgency in the Second World War

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From the German attack on Poland, the political aims of National Socialist ideology replaced other considerations in the field of counterinsurgency. This tendency escalated during the following years, with the invasion of the Soviet Union as the key turning point. The fighting at the front and against insurgents became interconnected with the destruction of the European Jews, and the radicalisation of the German approach provoked further resistance from underground movements throughout Europe. In the form of a literature review that presents the current state of research on six operational areas (Poland, France, Yugoslavia, Greece, Italy, and the Soviet Union), this article argues that German counterinsurgency policy between 1939 and 1945 combined military necessity, ideology, and mentality in a way that facilitated genocide.
Studies on accelerating germination and growth habit of seedlings of Strelitzia reginae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dipping the seeds of Strelitzia reginae into solution of 95% H2SO4 (1/10 volume of the seeds) for 3-5 minutes gave the best result to accelerate germination, which softened foe seed coat, removed the surface wax easily without causing the seed damage. The treatment with the solution of IN NaOH take the second. place, but the treatment with 95% alcohol was not so effective on the germination. When the seedlings were treated with a combination of Zineb with 700 times diluted solution and 0. 02 mg/L NAA for one hour before being transplanted. They effectively resisted diseases and had a higher survival rate. A fertille medium with permeable acid soil is also necessary for the seedling growth A shading of 60%-80% is an important condition for the seedlings to survive in the hot summer days.
The Second Interrupted Revolution. Juan Guzmán and the case of foot-and-mouth disease. A German photographer in the middle of the war in the Mexican countryside.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Through the photographs of foot-and-mouth disease in Mexico, taken by the photojournalist Hans Gütman/ Juan Guzmán in 1947, this terrible pandemic and the inhumane handling it was given are analyzed. The study of this series of images, from the perspective of visual anthropology, reveals interesting contradictions in the development version of the Mexican government, which for the same reason published them in the magazine Mañana up to 5 years after the photographs were taken. Said “official” version defined foot-and-mouth disease as “an evil ghost” that took over the national cattle, “reason why it had to be exterminated” in order to lead Mexico “into economic and social progress”, a version that is tendentious and contrary to reality of the process revealed by these images.
Ligand-Free Magnesium\nCatalyst System: Immortal Polymerization of l‑Lactide\nwith High Catalyst Efficiency and Structure of Active Intermediates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A simple, inexpensive, and convenient catalyst system\nconsisting of supporting ligand-free Mg<sup><i>n</i></sup>Bu<sub>2</sub> in combination with an alcohol, isopropanol (<sup><i>i</i></sup>PrOH), benzyl methanol (PhCH<sub>2</sub>OH),\ndiphenylmethanol (Ph<sub>2</sub>CHOH), or triphenylmethanol (Ph<sub>3</sub>COH), generates a convenient catalyst system to promote the\npolymerization of l-LA. In particular, the binary system\nMg<sup><i>n</i></sup>Bu<sub>2</sub>/Ph<sub>2</sub>CHOH demonstrates\nan unprecedentedly high activity in the presence of a large excess\namount of Ph<sub>2</sub>CHOH with the [OH]<sub>0</sub>/[Mg]<sub>0</sub> ratio varying from 2 to 500, producing up to 500 polylactide (PLA)\nchains per Mg center and thus showing a typical nature of immortal\npolymerization. The molecular weights of the obtained PLAs with a\nbroad range of monomer-to-metal ratios ([l-LA]<sub>0</sub>/[Mg]<sub>0</sub> = 200–5000) are rather accurately controlled\nby the Ph<sub>2</sub>CHOH loading, relative to [Mg]<sub>0</sub>, while\nthe molecular weight distributions remain nearly constant with polydispersity\nindex (PDI) = 1.08–1.18. Moreover, the active polymerization\nintermediate has been isolated from the stoichiometric reaction between\nMg<sup><i>n</i></sup>Bu<sub>2</sub> and Ph<sub>2</sub>CHOH\nand structurally characterized as a tetranuclear complex, Mg<sub>4</sub>(Ph<sub>2</sub>CHO)<sub>8</sub>(THF)<sub>2</sub> (<b>1</b>).\nComplex <b>1</b> remains the tetranuclear structure in solution\nor in the presence of excess Ph<sub>2</sub>CHOH as determined by 2D\nDOSY. On the basis of structural information about the active intermediates\nand polymerization kinetics, a coordination–insertion polymerization\nmechanism is proposed.
Ankle pain in sport

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Research demonstrates that regular physical activity (PA) results in extensive physical, psychological, and social benefits. However, injuries present a major complication of PA, leading to both direct and indirect negative consequences. Ankle injuries are the most common sporting injuries, with an incidence of 5.23 per 1000 athletes per day. Subsequent ankle pain can be a consequence of acute or more chronic pathology. Given the high prevalence of ankle injuries identification of the cause and appropriate management are vitally important. Although important (and highly publicised) in elite sport, the majority of ankle injuries occur in amateur sports. Correct diagnosis and management in primary care expedites recovery and aids the overall health and well-being of affected individuals. This is especially important to avoid chronic issues. The increased number of physiotherapists working in primary care, a basic knowledge of diagnosis and management, and an understanding of anatomy and risk factors will help ensure patients get the advice they need for better outcomes.
Design and Implementation of a NAND Controller Based on FPGA

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the development of NAND type solid storage system,interface chip directly affects the performance of the storage system,and an independent design of NAND controller is needed in order to maximize the performance of reading and writing. The structure of interface characteristics of NAND Flash and NAND controller is analyzed,the main logic of NAND controller and the common programming commands are described using the state machine,and the state machine logic is realized by the use of FPGA. Simulation test on the NAND main operation command shows that the design meets the requirements of NAND Flash operation timing.
A Post-Harvest Prediction Mass Loss Model for Tomato Fruit Using A Numerical Methodology Centered on Approximation Error Minimization

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Due to its nutritional and economic value, the tomato is considered one of the main vegetables in terms of production and consumption in the world. For this reason, an important case study is the fruit maturation parametrized by its mass loss in this study. This process develops in the fruit mainly after harvest. Since that parameter affects the economic value of the crop, the scientific community has been progressively approaching the issue. However, there is no a state-of-the-art practical model allowing the prediction of the tomato fruit mass loss yet. This study proposes a prediction model for tomato mass loss in a continuous and definite time-frame using regression methods. The model is based on a combination of adjustment methods such as least squares polynomial regression leading to error estimation, and cross validation techniques. Experimental results from a 50 fruit of tomato sample studied over a 54 days period were compared to results from the model using a second-order polynomial approach found to provide optimal data fit with a resulting efficiency of ~97%. The model also allows the design of precise logistic strategies centered on post-harvest tomato mass loss prediction usable by producers, distributors, and consumers.
Image_6_Diverse Anti-Tumor Immune Potential Driven by Individual IFNα Subtypes.JPEG

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p>Immunotherapies harnessing T cell immunity have shown remarkable clinical success for the management of cancer. However, only a proportion of patients benefit from these treatments. The presence of type I interferon (IFN) within the tumor microenvironment is critical for driving effective tumor-specific T cell immunity. Individuals can produce 12 distinct subtypes of IFNα, which all signal through a common receptor. Despite reported differences in anti-viral potencies, the concept that distinct IFNα subtypes can improve anti-cancer treatments remains unclear. We tested whether expression of unique IFNα subtypes confined to the tumor microenvironment enhances tumor control. This was systematically evaluated by transplantation of B16 murine melanoma cells secreting five unique IFNα subtypes (B16_IFNα2; B16_IFNα4; B16_IFNα5; B16_IFNα6; B16_IFNα9) into a pre-clinical murine model. We show that IFNα2 and IFNα9 are the only subtypes capable of completely controlling tumor outgrowth, with this protection dependent on the presence of an adaptive immune response. We next determined whether these differences extended to other model systems and found that the adoptive transfer of tumor-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells engineered to secrete IFNα9 delays tumor growth significantly and improves survival, whereas no enhanced survival was observed using T cells secreting IFNα4. Overall, our data shows that the expression of distinct IFNα subtypes within the tumor microenvironment results in different anti-tumor activities, and differentially affects the efficacy of a cancer therapy targeting established disease.</p>
Periostin and Osterix Expression in Odontogenic and Non-Odontogenic Bone Lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osterix is a transcription factor that is essential for osteoblast differentiation and\nperiostin is a matricellular protein that, in the jaw bones, is expressed in the periosteum\nand periodontal ligament (PDL). It has been hypothesized that the co-expression of\nosterix and periostin supports a histogenesis of PDL origin. The purpose of this study\nwas to investigate the expression patterns of periostin and osterix in some jawbone\nlesions and correlate the results with current concepts regarding the cell of origin of\nthese bone diseases. We also wanted to test whether or not the co-expression of\nperiostin and osterix are indeed PDL- specific. We investigated the expression patterns\nof periostin and osterix, using immunohistochemistry, in cases of cemento-osseous\ndysplasia (COD), ossifying fibroma of the jawbones (OFJ), osteoblastoma of the\njawbones (OBJ), odontogenic myxoma (OM), osteosarcoma of the jawbones (OSJ),\nosteosarcoma of the long bones (OSL) and osteoblastoma of the long bones (OBL). All\nbone lesions (n=57) selected for this study stained positive for periostin. For osterix\nexpression, COD, OSJ, OBL, and most cases of OFJ, OM and OBJ showed positive\nresults. OSL, except for the anaplastic/fibroblastic histological variant, also showed\nosterix expression. As there is no PDL in the long bones, these results demonstrated that\nthe co-expression of these two proteins was not PDL-specific. The co-expression of\nosterix and periostin in OM lesional cells suggest a potential differentiation for\nosteogenesis or PDL origin, despite no calcified material is found in this neoplasm. We\nalso report a novel finding that osterix-positive cells and periostin expression were found\nin the lamina propria, and osterix-positive cells were also found in squamous epithelium of normal gingival mucosa.
Effects of Surface Roughness and Thermal Treatment of Buffer Layer on the Quality of GaN Epitaxial Layers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Heteroepitaxial GaN films were grown on sapphire substrates in order to study the effects of the buffer layer's surface roughness and thermal treatment on the epitaxial layer's quality. For this, GaN buffer layers were grown at $550^{\circ}C$ with various TMGa flow rates and durations of growth, and annealed at $1010^{\circ}C$ for 3 min after the temperature was raised by 23 ~ $92^{\circ}C/min$, and then GaN epitaxial layers were grown at $1000^{\circ}C$. It has been found that the buffer layer's surface roughness and the thermal treatment condition are critical factors on the quality of the epitaxial layer. When a buffer layer was frown with a TMGa flow rate of $24\mu mole/min$ for 30 sec, the surface roughness of the buffer lather was minimum and when the thermal ramping rate was $30.6^{\circ}C/min$ on this layer, the successively grown epitaxial layer's crystalline and optical qualities were optimized with a specular morphology. The minimum full width at half maximum(FWHM) of GaN(0002) x-ray diffraction peak and that of near-band-edge(NBE) peak from a room temperature photoluminescence (PL) were 5 arcmin and 9 nm, respectively.
Orientations between Red Antenna States of Photosystem I Monomers from Thermosynechococcus elongatus Revealed by Single-Molecule Spectroscopy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Single-molecule spectroscopy at low temperature was used to study the spectral properties, heterogeneities, and spectral dynamics of the chlorophyll a (Chl a) molecules responsible for the fluorescence emission of photosystem I monomers (PS I-M) from the cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus. The fluorescence spectra of single PS I-M are dominated by several red-shifted chlorophyll a molecules named C708 and C719. The emission spectra show broad spectral distributions and several zero-phonon lines (ZPLs). Compared with the spectra of the single PS I trimers, some contributions are missing due to the lower number of C719 Chl's in monomers. Polarization-dependent measurements show an almost perpendicular orientation between the emitters corresponding to C708 and C719. These contributions can be assigned to chlorophyll dimers B18B19, B31B32, and B32B33.
Data from Contributions of Subtypes of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma to Mortality Trends

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Background:</b> Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) comprises distinct tumor subtypes. Although mortality from NHL overall has changed dramatically in the United States over time, little is known about trends for subtypes, because death certificates do not record this information.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> Using data from U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) areas, we assessed NHL mortality rates and mapped NHL deaths to incident NHL cases in SEER cancer registries. This allowed us to evaluate population-level mortality trends attributed to specific NHL subtypes (incidence-based mortality; IBM). We also describe NHL incidence and survival after NHL diagnosis by calendar year. We used Joinpoint to identify years when IBM and incidence rate trends changed slope.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Overall NHL mortality rates increased during 1975–1997, peaking at 10.9 per 100,000 person-years, then decreased subsequently in 1997–2011. Overall IBM rates mirror this trend during 1990–2011. For B-cell NHL subtypes, IBM rates decreased beginning in the mid-1990s, with yearly declines of −3.0% for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), −2.7% for chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), and −5.3% for follicular lymphoma. Incidence rates for these subtypes did not decrease until after 2003. Corresponding 5-year cancer-specific survival increased dramatically over time for DLBCL (from 37%–66%), CLL/SLL (69%–84%), and follicular lymphoma (69%–82%). IBM for peripheral T-cell lymphoma was flat during 2006–2011, although incidence increased.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Mortality due to three common B-cell NHL subtypes has fallen over time in the United States.</p><p><b>Impact:</b> This decline reflects better survival after NHL diagnosis, likely from improved therapies, because the decline in NHL incidence occurred later. <i>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(1); 174–9. ©2015 AACR</i>.</p></div>
On the Threshold of the Realist Novel: Gender and Genre inLa gaviota

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cecilia Böhl, who wrote under the pseudonym Fernán Caballero, manipulated the fictional forms available to her in an attempt to compensate for or conceal her transgression of the taboo against women writers. In the protagonist of La gaviota she combined types drawn from three genres–the tale of morals, the Romantic novel of the ambitious provincial youth, and Spanish costumbrismo – in an elaborate strategy designed to disavow her identification with her character. In so doing, she constructed a composite fictional discourse that opened the way for the realist novel in Spain. Her anxiety about male-female boundaries, however, extended to generic definitions as well: her static treatment of the fictional modes she brought together prevented her from achieving the fluid, dynamic narrative form that is characteristic of realism.
The Effects of Non-Traditional Families on School Behavior and ITBS Reading and Math Scores of Eighth Grade Students.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examined the differences in reading and mathematics achievement and the discipline records of eighth grade students who lived with both of their biological parents and those who did not. Participating were 199 eighth grade middle school students in rural Georgia. The 103 students in the traditionally parented group came from their original, biological two-parent family. The 96 students in the non-traditionally parented group consisted of students whose home life differed in any way from that of the traditional group. Findings indicated that mathematics achievement on the Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS) did not differ between the two groups. Students from two-parent families scored higher on the ITBS Reading Achievement and had fewer behavior infractions over the course of the year than students from non-traditional families. (Contains 47 references.) (Author/KB) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) XThis document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. 00 Points of view or opinions stated in this 00 document do not necessarily represent czn official OERI position or policy. 2 THE EFFECTS OF NON-TRADITIONAL FAMILIES ON SCHOOL BEHAVIOR AND ITBS READING AND MATH SCORES OF EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS