jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure, optical properties, and theory study of a 1-D bromoplumbate stabilized by in situ generated N-alkylated DABCO cation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report the exploration of the stabilization effect of the in situ generated N-alkylated DABCO (DABCO = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) cation in the family of bromoplumbates and a 1-D bromoplumbate, (Et2DABCO)2n(Pb3Br10)n (1), has been prepared by solvothermal conditions. Optical diffuse reflectance determination shows the band gap of 1 is 3.69 eV, which manifests that 1 is a wide band gap semiconductor. Compared with the band gap of bulk PbBr2 (3.84 eV), 1 exhibits 0.15 eV red shift of absorption edge. While for the reported iodo analogs of this compound, (MPDA)2n(Pb3I10)n and (Et2DABCO)2n(Pb3I10)n, they exhibit 0.53 and 0.47 eV blue shift of the energy gaps compared with the measured value of 2.30 eV for bulk PbI2, respectively. The photoluminescent study of 1 shows that it exhibits a broad emission band centered at 697 nm upon photoexcitation by 345 nm (amount to 3.59 eV). The calculated density of states manifests the theoretical value of the band gap of 1 is 3.422 eV and the origination of photoluminescence can be ascribed to the transition of bonding electrons of Br– anion to the empty orbits of Pb(II) ion.
Structure Factor and Elasticity of a Heat-Set Globular Protein Gel

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Cross-correlation dynamic light scattering was used to measure the structure factor of heated solutions of the globular protein β-lactoglobulin at pH 7 and 0.1 M NaCl. After 24 h heating at 80 °C finite size aggregates are formed at protein concentrations below 15 g/L, whereas at higher concentrations turbid gels are formed. The gels may be considered as collections of randomly close packed "blobs" with a self-similar structure characterized by a fractal dimension df = 2.0 ± 0.1. The concentration dependence of the structure factor was compared with that of the elastic shear modulus. The results for this particular protein system were consistent with predictions of the so-called fractal gel model. Limits of validity of the model are discussed.
Ultrastructural studies of corneal collagen during the development of experimental scleritis in rabbits.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An active Arthus reaction induced in the rabbit cornea leads to scleral disease resembling that in humans. Collagen damage was located in the corneal stroma at the site of the immune reaction. In the electron microscope, some regions of corneal stroma, without loss of lamellar integrity, demonstrated the apparent swelling of individual, scattered collagen fibrils such that a helical arrangement of component microfibrils was evident. In areas showing more extensive damage, fibril fragmentation and solubilization was associated with the aggregation of fibrous banded material. These observations are discussed with reference to possible mechanisms underlying the development of scleritis in the rabbit and which might also contribute to an understanding of the pathology of the disease in humans.
Applying Teacher Effectiveness Models in International, Cross-Cultural Contexts: A Case Study.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the problem of applying a single model in international cross-cultural studies of effective classroom teaching. The context of the social-efficiency tradition was used as a framework for understanding how teacher education is reflected in actual teaching behaviors. The model chosen for study was the Developmental Teacher Evaluation Kit, developed by B. Harris and J. Hill, which is a six-component model based on American teaching effectiveness research. Its international applicability as a model of the basic skills used in effective teaching was conducted. U.S. teachers (N=167) from Indiana and Texas, and Finnish teachers (N=172) from 2 different areas were presented with 95 behavior statements in 6 performance areas (businesslike, friendly, verbally interactive, stimulating, individually oriented, and multimedia integrative) and were asked to evaluate their classroom behaviors against the described behaviors. U.S. data matched on five of the components, all except verbally interactive, while Finnish data matched on only two components--multimedia integrative and businesslike. Data show that the model is biased with respect to the different teacher education traditions, and it fits better the data from the tradition within which it was developed. (Contains 35 references.) (JDD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** a 1 Applying teacher effectiveness 1 Applying teacher effectiveness models in international, cross-cultural contexts: A case study Kirsi Tirri Department of Teacher Education University of Helsinki email: KTIRRI@cc.HelsinIci.F1 Henry Tirri Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki email: tirri@cs.Helsinki.FI U.S. DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION Once ot Educatonai Rmeerch and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) O That ()Moment has been reproduced as received from the ;mason Or orparnbehoo on(boateng (3 'knot (henget nave been made tO imprOve reproduCtiOn Wald), PCM nts ot vow oe ognmelliStiltd SOCUmint do not ne(ellianty te9tellient &Molt OE RI poalhon or Macy PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Running head: TEACHER EhhhCTIVENESS IN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXTS Applying teacher effectiveness 2
An instrument capable of imaging chlorophyll a fluorescence from intact leaves at very low irradiance and at cellular and subcellular levels of organization

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT An instrument capable of imaging chlorophyll a fluorescence, from intact leaves, and generating images of widely used fluorescence parameters is described. This instrument, which is based around a fluorescence microscope and a Peltier‐cooled charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera, differs from those described previously in two important ways. First, the instrument has a large dynamic range and is capable of generating images of chlorophyll a fluorescence at levels of incident irradiance as low as 0.1 μmol m −2 s −1 . Secondly, chlorophyll fluorescence, and consequently photosynthetic performance, can be resolved down to the level of individual cells and chloroplasts. Control of the instrument, as well as image capture, manipulation, analysis and presentation, are executed through an integrated computer application, developed specifically for the task. Possible applications for this instrument include detection of early and differential responses to environmental stimuli, including various types of stress. Images illustrating the instrument's capabilities are presented.
Infection&nbsp;of highly insecticide-resistant malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii with entomopathogenic bacteria Chromobacterium violaceum reduces its survival, blood feeding propensity and fecundity

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background This is now a concern that malaria eradication will not be achieved without the introduction of novel control tools. Microbiological control might be able to make a greater contribution to vector control in the future. The interactions between bacteria and mosquito make mosquito microbiota really promising from a disease control perspective. Here, the impact of Chromobacterium violaceum infections, isolated from both larvae and adult of wild-caught Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes in Burkina Faso, was evaluated on mosquito survival, blood feeding and fecundity.Methods To assess entomopathogenic effects of C. violaceum infection on mosquitoes, three different types of bioassays were performed in laboratory. These bioassays aimed to evaluate the impact of C. violaceum infection on mosquito survival, blood feeding and fecundity, respectively. During bioassays mosquitoes were infected through the well-established system of cotton ball soaked with 6% glucose containing C. violaceum.Results Chromobacterium violaceum kills pyrethroid resistant Anopheles coluzzii (LT80 of 8.78 days ± 0.18 at 108 bacteria cell/ml of sugar meal). Interestingly, this bacterium had other negative effects on mosquito lifespan by significantly reducing (~59%, P<0.001) the mosquito feeding willingness from day 4-post infection (~81% would seek a host to blood feed) to 9- day post infection (22 ± 4.62% would seek a host to blood feed). Moreover, C. violaceum considerably jeopardized the egg laying (~16 eggs laid/mosquito with C. violaceum infected mosquitoes vs ~129 eggs laid/mosquito with control mosquitoes) and hatching of mosquitoes (a reduction of ~22 % of hatching rate with C. violaceum infected mosquitoes). Compared to the bacterial uninfected mosquitoes, mosquitoes infected with C. violaceum showed significantly higher retention rates of immature eggs and follicles. Conclusion These data showed important properties of Burkina Faso C. violaceum strains, which are highly virulent against insecticide-resistant An. coluzzii, and reduce both mosquito blood feeding and fecundity propensities. However, additional studies as the sequencing of C. violaceum genome and the potential toxins secreted will provide useful information render it a potential candidate for the biological control strategies of malaria and other disease vectors.
Geostatistical Analysis of Rainfall Temperature and Evaporation Data of Owerri for Ten Years

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Rainfall, evaporation and temperature data of Owerri for ten years (Figure 1) (1998-2007) were acquired. The data were analyzed using standard statistical measures and climatological normal (Figure 2). The results show that the rainfall pattern exhibits some oscillations indicating annual bimodal distribution of rainfall. The temperature reached its lowest value of 27.75?C in 1999. Thereafter, a steady increase in temperature was noticed. From 2002, some variation in evaporation data was observed. The potential evapotranspiration shows some correlation with temperature. This variation in weather parameters may be attributed to climate change.
Numerical Study of the Effect of the Upstream Object on Flow Control of the Downstream Object

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Flow behaviors of the downstream object, such as a cylinder or an airfoil, can be influenced significantly by an upstream object in close proximity. Examples include tandem cylinders and cylinder-airfoil interactions. In this study, numerical simulations are carried out to investigate several parameters that affect the flow around the downstream object, such as the relative location, size, and motion of the upstream object. Particularly, the flow separation and the related lift and drag behavior are studied.
Progressive Decreased Glucose-tolerance and Glycogen-storage Following Acetoacetate Injection; Prevention by Insulin and Amellin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

1. The repeated daily injection of sodium acetoacetate in progressively increasing doses (beginning at 50 mg/kg body weight) caused a progressive hyperglycemia in rabbits after an initial hypoglycemic stage. 2. The glucose tolerance of these animals was decreased after 30 days of injection and the tolerance curve taken at 30, 50, 70, 90, 110 and 130 days became progressively more diabetic. 3. The shape of the tolerance curves changed considerably on prolonged treatment with acetoacetate and in most cases the blood sugar levels at 3 1/2 hours were far greater than the pre-injection level. 4. The glycogen content of liver and muscle is gradually depleted, so that after 130 days of injection it was decreased 64.9% and 73.4% respectively. 5. When Amellin was injected daily for 40 days in doses of 10-12 mg/kg into these hyperglycemia animals it reduced the blood sugar to 105 mg/100 cc (normal value). Insulin, although it relieved the fasting hyperglycemia initially, had little effect on the fasting hyperglycemia in later stages. Increasing the insulin dose leads to death. 6. The glucose tolerance of the animals treated with sodium acetoacetate became absolutely normal after Amellin had administered for 40 days, whereas the tolerance of similar animals treated with insulin was not normal at 40 days.
Ethnicity, Patient Satisfaction, and Clinical Outcomes among Israeli Dialysis Recipients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Key Points Growing interest in health-related quality of life underscores the need to explore patient satisfaction among diverse dialysis populations. In this study, patient ethnicity in Israel showed no significant effect on satisfaction, mortality, or transplantation outcomes. Dialysis vintage and patient age were key predictors of satisfaction and survival, highlighting areas for targeted interventions. Background Patient-reported outcomes, such as satisfaction with care, are essential for assessing and improving health care quality, especially in populations with chronic conditions such as patients with hemodialysis. In diverse societies, understanding how ethnic background influences patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes is crucial for addressing health disparities. However, the relationship between ethnic background, patient satisfaction, and clinical outcomes has not been thoroughly investigated in Israeli patients on hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient satisfaction among the Israeli population of patients on maintenance hemodialysis and its correlation with clinical and demographic variables, including a potential association with ethnicity. In addition to assessing patient satisfaction, we also evaluated the association between ethnicity and clinical outcomes. Methods This is a prospective cross-sectional cohort study of patients on maintenance hemodialysis from three Israeli centers with similar practice patterns. Patients were recruited between April and December 2022 and followed through February 2024. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a validated self-administered questionnaire (on a Likert scale of 1–7). Clinical outcomes included all-cause mortality and kidney transplantation rates. Results The study included 127 patients on hemodialysis, 74 of whom were Israeli Jews and the remaining 53 included patients of Israeli Arab origin. Israeli Jews were older, were more often male, and had a lower prevalence of diabetes compared with Israeli Arabs (71.03±12.9 versus 60.86±13.7 years, P < 0.001; 71.6% versus 52.8% male, P = 0.030; 44.6% versus 79.2% with diabetes, P < 0.001, respectively). Overall patient satisfaction was 6.47±1.08 among Israeli Jewish versus 6.83±0.68 among Israeli Arab patients ( P = 0.017) from dialysis clinic, whereas the mean patients’ satisfaction survey was 5.58±1.08 versus 5.79±0.79, respectively, P = 0.226. Ethnicity was not associated with mortality and transplantation. Dialysis vintage and patient age were the strongest predictors of patient satisfaction and mortality. Conclusions In Israeli dialysis centers, patient ethnicity was not associated with patient-reported satisfaction or objective clinical outcomes including mortality and transplantation rates. Larger cohort studies to assess levels of satisfaction longitudinally are indicated.
Syntenic homology of human unique DNA sequences within chromossome regions 5q31, 10q22, 13q32-33 and 19q13.1 in the great apes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Homologies between chromosome banding patterns and DNA sequences in the great apes and humans suggest an apparent common origin for these two lineages. The availability of DNA probes for specific regions of human chromosomes (5q31, 10q22, 13q32-33 and 19q13.1) led us to cross-hybridize these to chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes, PTR), gorilla (Gorilla gorilla, GGO) and orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus, PPY) chromosomes in a search for equivalent regions in the great apes. Positive hybridization signals to the chromosome 5q31-specific DNA probe were observed at HSA 5q31, PTR 4q31, GGO 4q31 and PPY 4q31, while fluorescent signals using the chromosome 10q22-specific DNA probe were noted at HSA 10q22, PTR 8q22, GGO 8q22 and PPY 7q22. The chromosome arms showing hybridization signals to the Quint-EssentialTM 13-specific DNA probe were identified as HSA 13q32-33, PTR 14q32-33, GGO 14q32-33 and PPY 14q32-33, while those presenting hybridization signals to the chromosome 19q13.1-specific DNA probe were identified as HSA 19q13.1, PTR 20q13, GGO 20q13 and PPY 20q13. All four probes presumably hybridized to homologous chromosomal locations in the apes, which suggests a homology of certain unique DNA sequences among hominoid species.
Resonance Raman and 129I Mössbauer Spectroscopic Study of Phenothiazine–Iodine Complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Resonance Raman and 129I Mössbauer spectroscopy have been applied to the phenothiazine–iodine (PT–In) complexes, which exhibit relatively low electrical resistivities. It is shown from the resonance Raman spectra that the two iodine species in the PT–I3 and PT–I2.6 complexes are present in essentially the same chemical form, consisting of a distorted I3− unit and an I2 unit strongly coordinated to the I3− unit. The 129I Mössbauer spectrum, consistent with the results of the Raman spectra, suggests that the PT–I2.6 complex can be approximately formulated as (PT)53+[(I3)3(I2)2]3−, in which about three electrons per five PT molecules are transferred to the iodine and the transferred electrons are delocalized on the thirteen iodine atoms. The radical salt is recognized as a partially oxidized mixed-valence compound. The formation of the complex is quite similar to that of the perylene–I3 complex, which has a low electrical resistivity.
Electrosurgical loop excision/conisation for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in an algorithm that excludes punch biopsy--a study of 210 cases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pathological results on the excision specimen showed: benign lesion 10%, CIN 1/condyloma 58%, CIN 2 18%, CIN 3/CIS 11%, microinvasion 2% and invasion 1%. The Pap test showed: HGSIL 27%, LGSIL 56%, ASCUS 13%, and normal/benign in 4%. The therapeutic efficiency of the excisional treatment showed that there was a 9.5% excessive treatment, 14.8 residual lesions, 3 cases of hemorrhage, 2 cervical stenosis, and 7 cases with specimen alteration that made the pathological diagnostic difficult or impossible. In conclusion, the LLETZ/conisation are ambulatory procedures with an acceptable rate of over-treatment and residual lesions, and reduced rate of complication.
[The structural organization of the human myocardium: the interrelation between myocardial fibers and interstitial connective tissue].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The complex tridimensional structure of the human ventricular myocardium has rarely been studied in the past. In the normal heart, in the lapse of time of few weeks of the embryonic life, a radical transformation from a chaotic plexiform organization to a complex tridimensional structure occurs. From then on, the ulterior growth of the myocardial fibres will only be dimensional and quantitative, because the spatial geometry is to be considered definitive. The role of the interstitial connective tissue in following the development of the myocardium, possibly inducing or influencing it, is still unclear. We have performed an histologic study on serial sections of the ventricular mass of 7 human embryos and fetuses, from 5 to 20 weeks of gestational age. The sections have been evaluated for their morphologic characteristics as evidentiated by histochemical (PAS, trichrome, Gomori silver technique) and immunohistochemical (myosin, actin, desmin, myoglobin, vimentin, fibronectin, smooth muscle cell, endothelial factor VIII) stainings. The results show that myocardial growth is mantellar, proceeding from the epicardium toward the endocardium, with progressive structural organization in strata, variably related one to the other depending upon the considered site of the ventricular mass. The interstitium grows in parallel to the myocardial growth, beginning with a thin network surrounding each fibre that progressively in time is transformed in a complexly arranged and more densely packed structure. The collagen fibres appear initially at epicardial level, particularly around the coronary vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An improved method for removal of red cell-bound immunoglobulin using chloroquine solution

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract In some patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia or hemolytic disease of the newborn, the red cells are so heavily coated with immunoglobulin that phenotyping cannot be carried out unless the antibody is removed without destroying the red cell antigens. Studies were performed initially to determine the optimum conditions for removal of immunoglobulin from red blood cells (RBCs) using chloroquine. Group O, R 1 r RBCs were coated with serial dilutions of anti-D; aliquots were incubated in chloroquine diphosphate (CDP) solution (200 g/L, pH 5.0) at 18°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 37°C, and tested by the antiglobulin technique at intervals of 30 minutes for up to 2 hours, the results being expressed as titration scores. These studies showed that antibody removal was much more efficient at 30°C and 37°C than at 18°C or 25°C. A further series of experiments was then carried out to assess the effect of chloroquine on red cell antigenicity. A 5 percent suspension of RBCs heterozygous for C, D, and E antigens, and for Kell, Duffy, and Kidd antigens, was incubated at 30°C and at 37°C in chloroquine solution. Aliquots were removed at 30-minute intervals for up to 2 hours, tested with serial dilutions of the appropriate antisera, and titration scores obtained. The antigens were well preserved after two hours of chloroquine treatment at 30°C. However, when treatment was performed at 37°C, antigenicity had markedly deteriorated by 60 minutes, although the antigens were still reasonably well preserved (except for Jk b ) at 30 minutes. It is therefore recommended that treatment with chloroquine solution prior to typing RBCs heavily coated with antibody should be carried out for 90 minutes at 30°C or for not more than 30 minutes at 37°C. Immunohematology 1994;10:22.
[Congenital trans-mesenteric hernia with incarceration in a five-year-old boy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This is a case report of a five-year-old boy, presenting with abdominal pain and signs of gastrointestinal emergency imitating appendicitis. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed an incarcerated internal hernia involving 50 cm of ischaemic small bowel. Bowel resection and primary anastomosis was performed. The post-operative outcome was uneventful. We wish to shed light on a seldom but important differential diagnosis to appendicitis in children, and raise attention to internal hernias in patients presenting with acute abdomen, whether it is due to congenital defects or a post-operative complication.