jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clarifying misbeliefs about hydroxychloroquine (HCQ): developing the HCQ benefits versus harm decision aid (HCQ-SAFE) per low health literacy standards

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Up to 83% of patients with SLE stop taking hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) within the first year due to knowledge gaps regarding the survival benefits of HCQ versus inflated fears of rare toxicity. Thus, there is a need for a shared decision-making tool that highlights HCQ’s significant benefits versus rare harms to improve patients’ understanding and align treatments with their values. The objective of this study was to describe development and piloting of a decision aid (HCQ-SAFE) to facilitate HCQ adherence, and safe, effective use by engaging patients in therapeutic decision-making. Methods HCQ-SAFE was developed via a collaborative process involving patients, clinicians, implementation scientists and health literacy experts. The initial prototype was informed by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) low literacy principles and key themes about HCQ use from six prior patient and clinician focus groups, with iterative expert and stakeholder feedback to deliver a final prototype. We implemented HCQ-SAFE in four clinics to examine usability and feasibility on Likert scales (0–7) and net promoter score (0%–100%). Results The final HCQ-SAFE shared decision-making laminated tool organises data using pictograms showing how HCQ use reduces risk of organ damage, early death and blood clots versus low risk of eye toxicity. HCQ-SAFE was reviewed in all eligible patient visits (n=40) across four clinics on an average of ~8 min, including 25% non-English-speaking patients. All patients scored 100% on the knowledge post-test; no decisional conflicts were noted after using HCQ-SAFE. HCQ-SAFE garnered high clinician and patient satisfaction with 100% likelihood to recommend to peers. Conclusions HCQ-SAFE is a stakeholder-informed feasible shared decision-making tool that enhances communication and can potentially improve knowledge, clarify misbeliefs and engage patients in treatment decisions, including those with limited English proficiency.
Development of Big Data Analytics Platform for Electric Vehicle Battery Management System

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Electric Vehicle (EV) Batteries must have high reliability to produce durable and sustainable electrical energy. Reliable electric batteries will certainly have high economic value and efficiency. Reliability can be obtained if the system and its supporting are monitored using an integrated and independent system for further analysis and observation. Battery Management System (BMS) is integrated parts of Electric Vehicle, Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), or solar applications e.g. solar power plant. Its functions are to integrate many things such as voltage sampling from cell battery, cells balancing, determine State of Charge (SOC), estimate State of Health (SOH), and predict Remaining Useful Life (RUL). The key technology needed for condition-based maintenance is Prognostic and Health Management. It is a new engineering approach that allows an assessment of the system's health when the system is operating. It combines various scientific disciplines, namely: sensing technology, modern statistics, machine learning, physics of failure, and reliability engineering. It will be combined with Big Data analysis. Big data uses existing technology and contemporary architecture that is designed to efficiently take advantage of the many and varied data. Big data analytics refers to the method of analyzing huge volumes of data, high velocity of data, variety different forms of data, and veracity of uncertainty of data. The main focus in this research is the development of an integrated observation system and the ability to make error predictions. This system consists of error detection, error diagnosis, and integrated prognosis. This research is to implement Big Data analytics Platform to evaluate the reliability level of electric vehicle Battery Management System.
Why Girls with an Interest in IT in High School Do Not Choose IT Careers – An Extended Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Why girls with an interest in IT in high-school do not choose IT career – an extended studyThere is a great need for IT specialists in the world in general and in Russia inparticular. By 2020, Russia plans to employ at least 600,000 more IT specialists. Atthe same time, the existing Russian universities graduate only about 25,000 studentsin the IT profession every year. In order to address the problem of the lack of ITspecialists a new IT University has been established in 2012 in Kazan, Russia. Thedifficulty is that in Russia approximately 90% of the high-school graduates areadmitted to some other universities. Therefore, in order to populate the newUniversity we need to attract applicants from other professions and investigateanother potential source for future IT specialists – women.In one of the previous studies we have discovered that the proportion of girls with aninterest in IT in high-school is over 30%, while women population in the universityand IT career is around 10%. The study attempts to investigate the reason of why girlswith an interest in IT in high-school do not choose career in IT.Here we present qualitative results from the focus group interview and feedback fromindividual respondents. The focus group consisted of eight young women, who wereactively involved in extra curriculum education in IT area during their final years atschool, but have chosen different profession after. Individual respondents reflect theopinion of men and women in their mid-career. As a result of the interviews we haveidentified the following factors influencing respondents’ decision for not choosingcareer in IT: self-perceived lack of aptitude to succeed in IT, unwillingness to dealwith numbers, self-perceived insufficient knowledge for admission for IT degree,parental influence, stereotypes of IT profession, unattractive image of IT specialist,uninteresting subjects of the IT program. Finally we have suggested actions in orderto make IT profession more attractive for young women.
Determination\nand Dissipation of Fipronil and Its\nMetabolites in Peanut and Soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In\nthis study, a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged,\nand safe (QuEChERS) method was established for the extraction and\ncleanup of fipronil and its three metabolites (fipronil solfone, sulfide,\nand desulfinyl) in peanut kernel, shell, straw, seedling, and soil\nsamples, and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry\n(LC-MS/MS) was used for analysis. The average recoveries were 66–116%\nat the level of 0.001–0.1 mg/kg with the RSD <19%, and the\nlimit of detection was 0.3 ng/g for all matrices. The dissipation\nexperiment results demonstrated that fipronil dissipated more rapidly\nin peanut seedling than in soil, with half-lives of <1 day in peanut\nseedling and 32–57 days in soil depending on the soil pH. The\nfinal residues at harvest of peanut kernels were all below 0.02 mg/kg,\nwhereas in peanut shell and straw, the total highest residues were\n0.99 and 0.30 mg/kg, respectively. Fipronil-desulfinyl and fipronil-sulfone\nwere the highest residue metabolites in peanut plant (seedling and\nstraw) and soil samples, respectively.
Massachusetts Nurse Practitioners Step Up as One Solution to the Primary Care Access Problem

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Massachusetts’ political experience with efforts to insure all citizens provided a unique opportunity for nurse practitioners to address the growing need for access to primary care. Passage of a new statute to recognize nurse practitioners as primary care providers that health plan beneficiaries could choose was accomplished through strategic planning and political savvy. The results of a focused effort using the expertise of a professional lobbying team along with organizational support resulted in a groundbreaking new law that is a component of a reform model being examined by the nation as a whole, looking to address accessible, quality, and affordable health care. This article chronicles that journey and its accomplishment.
Climate Change and the Middle Atmosphere. Part III: The Doubled CO2Climate Revisited

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The response of the troposphere–stratosphere system to doubled atmospheric CO2 is investigated in a series of experiments in which sea surface temperatures are allowed to adjust to radiation imbalances. The Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Global Climate Middle Atmosphere Model (GCMAM) warms by 5.1°C at the surface while the stratosphere cools by up to 10°C. When ozone is allowed to respond photochemically, the stratospheric cooling is reduced by 20%, with little effect in the troposphere. Planetary wave energy increases in the stratosphere, producing dynamical warming at high latitudes, in agreement with previous GCMAM doubled CO2 simulations; the effect is due to increased tropospheric generation and altered refraction, both strongly influenced by the magnitude of warming in the model's tropical upper troposphere. This warming also results in stronger zonal winds in the lower stratosphere, which appears to reduce stratospheric planetary wave 2 energy and stratospheric warming events. The dynamical changes in the lower stratosphere are weakened when O3 chemistry on polar stratospheric cloud effects are included at current stratospheric chlorine levels. Comparison with the nine-level version of the GISS GCM with a top at 10 mb shows that both the stratospheric and tropospheric dynamical responses are different. The tropospheric effect is mostly a function of the vertical resolution in the troposphere; finer vertical resolution leads to increased latent heat release in the warmer climate, greater zonal available potential energy increase, and greater planetary longwave energy and energy transports. The increase in planetary longwave energy and residual circulation in the stratosphere is reproduced when the model top is lifted from 30 to 50 km, which also affects upper-tropospheric stability, convection and cloud cover, and climate sensitivity.
Technomyrmex vexatus (Santschi, 1919) from Gibraltar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a new ant species for Europe and genus for Iberia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The ant species Technomyrmex vexatus (Santschi, 1919) (Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) is recorded from Gibraltar on the Iberian Peninsula. This comprises the first record of the species in Europe and of the genus Technomyrmex Mayr, 1972 in Iberia. The species was found on the Rock of Gibraltar, where it is apparently common in thick maquis vegetation.
Synoptic, thermodynamic and agroeconomic aspects of severe hail events in Cyprus

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Hail is a hazardous weather element often accompanying a thunderstorm, as a result of either thermal instability or instability associated with baroclinic synoptic-scale systems (i.e. frontal depressions). Nevertheless, instability of any kind and thunderstorm activity does not always lead to the formation of hail of adequate size to reach the ground. The broader the knowledge concerning hail events the better the understanding of the underlying thermodynamic and dynamic mechanisms, as well as the physical processes associated with its formation. In the present study, the severe hail events that were recorded in Cyprus during the ten-year period from 1996 until 2005 were examined, first by grouping them into two clusters, namely, the "thermal instability cluster" and the "frontal depression cluster". Subsequently, the spatial and temporal evolution of the synoptic, dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of these hail events was studied in depth. Also, the impact of hailstorms on the local economy of the island is presented in terms of the compensations paid by the Agricultural Insurance Organization of the country.
A Policy-Sensitive Model of Parking Choice for Commercial Vehicles in Urban Areas

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Understanding factors that drive the parking choice of commercial vehicles at delivery stops in cities can enhance logistics operations and the management of freight parking infrastructure, mitigate illegal parking, and ultimately reduce traffic congestion. In this paper, we focus on this decision-making process at large urban freight traffic generators, such as retail malls and transit terminals, that attract a large share of urban commercial vehicle traffic. Existing literature on parking behavior modeling has focused on passenger vehicles. This paper presents a discrete choice model for commercial vehicle parking choice in urban areas. The model parameters were estimated by using detailed, real-world data on commercial vehicle parking choices collected in two commercial urban areas in Singapore. The model analyzes the effect of several variables on the parking behavior of commercial vehicle drivers, including the presence of congestion and queueing, attitudes toward illegal parking, and pricing (parking fees). The model was validated against real data and applied within a discrete-event simulation to test the economic and environmental impacts of several parking measures, including pricing strategies and parking enforcement.
Where program and fantasy meet: Female fans conversing with character bots in Japan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Character bots are automated programs that post—that is, tweet—characters' lines from popular manga, anime, games, and so on. They post regularly, and in the past few years they have become difficult to ignore, especially in fan communities. Many fans take great pleasure in interacting with favorite characters as bots; rhey also enjoy the communities that spring up around favorite series, characters, and, yes, even bots. Here I adopt an ethnographic approach to analyze the human dimensions of the phenomenon of character bots, based on participant observation among female fans in Japan.
Influence of cervical preflaring on apical file size determination in maxillary lateral incisors

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cervical preflaring on determination of the initial apical file in maxillary lateral incisors. Forty human lateral incisors with complete root formation were used. After standard access cavities, a size 06 K-file was inserted into each canal until the apical foramen was reached. The WL (WL) was set 1 mm short of the apical foramen. Four groups (n=10) were formed at random, according to the type of cervical preflaring performed. Group 1 received the initial apical instrument without previous preflaring of the cervical and middle root canal thirds. Group 2 had the cervical and middle root canal thirds enlarged with nickel-titanium Orifice Opener instruments. Group 3 had the cervical and middle root canal thirds enlarged with Gates-Glidden drills. Titanium-nitrite treated, stainless steel LA Axxess burs were used for preflaring the cervical and middle root canal thirds of group 4. Each canal was sized using manual K-files, starting with size 08 files with passive movements until the WL was reached. File sizes were increased until a binding sensation was felt at the WL, and the instrument size was recorded for each tooth. The apical region was then observed under a stereoscopic magnifier, images were recorded digitally and the differences between root canal and maximum file diameters were recorded (in mm) for each sample. Significant differences were found between the groups regarding the anatomical diameter at the WL and the first file to bind the canal (p = 0.01). The major discrepancy was found when no preflaring was performed (0.1882 mm average). Canals preflared with Orifice Opener instruments (0.0485 mm average) and Gates-Glidden drills (0.1074 mm average) also showed great discrepancy. The LA Axxess burs produced the smallest differences between anatomical diameter and first file to bind (0.0119 mm average). Instrument binding technique for determining anatomical diameter at WL was not accurate. Preflaring of the cervical and middle thirds of the root canal improved anatomical diameter determination; the instrument used for preflaring played a major role on determination of the anatomical diameter at the WL. Canals preflared with LA Axxess burs created a more accurate relationship between file size and anatomical diameter.
Changing Party Ideology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

What are the conditions for a change in party ideology? Earlier research has pointed at changing electoral opinions, variations in the party elite and organization as well as at the party system and electoral system as such. Which of these factors are the most important for initiating party ideology change? This is the theoretical question addressed in this article. Through a qualitative ideological analysis of Gaullist party documents since 1947, this study shows that electoral failure is a necessary but not sufficient condition for ideological change. When a political party has experienced an electoral setback and also a change in the party system or in their own party organization, a change in ideology will also occur. The article also shows that the Gaullist parties, by always having a blend of conservative and liberal values, have made change possible by emphasizing one or other of these values. It has been possible to cope with apparent contradictions in the ideology since separate values have been guiding various ideological domains in the Gaullist party ideology.
Separation of functionally distinct regions of a macromolecular substrate. Stimulation of tRNA nucleotidyltransferase by a nonreacting fragment of tRNA.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Rabbit liver tRNA nucleotidyltransferase catalyzes the incorporation of AMP and CMP into the model acceptor substrate, cytidine. The apparent Km for cytidine in this reaction is about 80 to 90 mM which is more than 10(4) greater than the Km values for the natural substrates, tRNA lacking the terminal AMP (tRNA-C-C) and tRNA lacking the terminal pCpA (tRNA-C). The Vmax values for the model reaction are only 5% and 2% of those for the reaction with the natural tRNA substrates. Addition of the tRNA fragments, tRNA lacking the terminal XpCpCpA sequence (tRNA-(X - 1)p) and tRNA lacking the terminal CpCpA (tRNA-Xp), greatly stimulates the rate of nucleotide incorporation into cytidine. In the case of CMP incorporation into cytidine, tRNA-Xp stimulates the reaction about 60-fold, to a rate similar to that of the normal reaction with tRNA-C. The tRNA fragment has no effect on the apparent Km of either cytidine or CTP, but only alters the Vmax of the reaction. Stimulation of the model reactions is maximal with tRNA fragments of specific chain lengths. These results provide direct evidence that the nonreacting regions of a substrate molecule play an important role in the catalytic efficiency of an enzyme.
cis-Dichloridobis(1,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(II) dimethylformamide solvate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the title complex, [CoCl(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)]·C(3)H(7)NO, which has twofold rotation symmetry, the Co(II) cation is coordinated by two 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) mol-ecules and two chloride ligands in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. In the crystal structure, a cavity is created by six complex mol-ecules connected by C-H⋯π inter-actions and non-classical C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. The cavities are occupied by the disordered dimethyl-formamide solvent mol-ecule. The C and N atoms of the C-N bond in the solvent mol-ecule also lie on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis; the remaining atoms of the solvent are statistically disordered (ratio 0.5:0.5) about this axis.
CircoTax: a novel circular representation of differentially abundant microbial ranks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

One of the most relevant and widely used applications of NGS-based microbial abundance analysis is the discovery of taxa that appear as differentially represented between ecological niches. In the last 10 years several methods have been proposed to accomplish this task. All such analyses invariantly report the differentially represented taxa at the appropriate taxonomic rank as well as a p-value (usually adjusted for multiple testing) and a fold change, representing the confidence on differential call and the amount of variation recorded, usually in log scale, respectively. This work describes CircoTax, an R function implementing a specialized ggplot2 graph to represent a rank-aware collection of differentially abundant taxa in an intuitive and compact radial form. Specifically, the CircoTax builds a circular plot with sectors encoding the taxonomy depth (from kingdom to genus) and, departing from the center, a number of radial bars that reach the appropriate sector and whose color and transparency are proportional to the log fold change intensity and direction. In addition to the manageability in providing custom tables to plot, our implementation also integrates fast and user-friendly ancillary functions which automate both the differential analysis and the display of the results while leaving to the user the choice of further customizations. The visualization of results is both graphically appealing, allowing to accommodate tens of differentially abundant ranks, and biologically informative since the amount of variation, the direction and rank are easily intelligible for each differentially represented taxa at a glance.
Multiparameter quantum metrology in the Heisenberg limit regime: Many-repetition scenario versus full optimization

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We discuss the Heisenberg limit in the multiparameter metrology within two different paradigms -- the one, where the measurement is repeated many times (so the Cram\'er-Rao bound is guaranteed to be asymptotically saturable) and the second one, where all the resources are allocated into one experimental realization (analyzed with the mimimax approach). We investigate the potential advantage of measuring all the parameter simultaneously compared to estimating them individually, while spending the same total amount of resources. We show that in general the existence of such an advantage, its magnitude and conditions under which it occurs depends on which of the two paradigms has been chosen. In particular, for the problem of magnetic field sensing using $N$ entangled spin-$1/2$, we show that the predictions based purely on the Cram\'er-Rao formalism may be overly pessimistic in this matter -- the minimax approach reveals the superiority of measuring all the parameters jointly whereas the Cram\'er-Rao approach indicates lack of such an advantage.