jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
1 Origen on Christ as Mediator

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter briefly analyses Origen's view of the mediation of God through the Word, which gives background to the study of the three 4th-century theologians, as well as providing a methodological framework for this study. It is shown that contrary to the opinion of many, Origen actually emphasized a ‘unity of substance’ between the Father, Son, and Spirit, which entailed incorporeality (with its concomitant invisibility) and the utter simplicity of being which only belongs to ‘the species of deity’ (deitatis species). Origin also wanted to maintain the distinction between the Father and Son, even as he asserted their mutual activity. As a consequence of this ‘substantial unity’ between the Father and the Son, a true mediation of the knowledge of God can take place through the Son. It is only through the divine nature itself that the knowledge of God can be obtained. Only God is a proper mediator of God.
Resist etching kinetics and pattern transfer in a helicon plasma

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We describe the first commercial etching system based on a helicon ion source and characterize it for etching organic films in an oxygen plasma. This single wafer etching system achieves a throughput of at least 30 fully processed 5 in. wafers per hour, which is comparable to the throughput of batch reactors. The etching chamber is equipped with a 13.56-MHz 2500-W helicon source, four low-field magnets to shape the plasma and support the helicon wave mode, and a 600-W radio-frequency chuck with He backside heat exchange and a temperature range from −50 to +125 °C. Etching rates and uniformity were measured on unpatterned resist-coated wafers, while trilayer resist patterns were used to study pattern transfer effects. Under nearly optimum conditions we obtain an etching rate of 1.31 μm/min, a throughput ≥30 wafers/h, nonuniformity ≤± 3%, selectivity ≊70 relative to SiO2 and nearly vertical etching profiles for all types of features having dimensions down to 0.25 μm. We describe the effect of process variables on etching rate, uniformity, selectivity, and etching profiles. We present a model based on multicomponent adsorption kinetics that fits the observed dependence of etching rate on the process variables. This etching system is being applied to several advanced lithographic schemes including dry-developed resists, bilayer lithography, and pattern transfer through organic antireflective coatings and planarizing layers.
Laser microirradiation of Chinese hamster cells at wavelength 365 nm: effects of psoralen and caffeine.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cells of a V79 subline of the Chinese hamster were microirradiated at wavelength 365 nm in the presence of the psoralen derivative, trioxsalen. Microirradiation was accomplished by a pulsed argon laser microbeam either in anaphase or in interphase 3 hr after mitosis. Inhibition of clonal growth and formation of micronuclei at the first postirradiation mitosis were observed after microirradiation of anaphase chromosomes and of small parts of the interphase nucleus. Microirradiation of the cytoplasm beside the interphase nucleus or between the sets of chromosomes moving apart from each other in anaphase did not produce these effects. Anaphase experiments showed that only the daughter cell which received microirradiated chromatin exhibited an abnormal growth pattern. Most interestingly, shattering of the whole chromosome complement could be induced by microirradiation of small parts of the interphase nucleus and post-treatment with caffeine. Since microirradiation of chromatin in the absence of psoralen was not effective, we consider formation of psoralen photoadducts to nucleic acids in microirradiated chromatin to be the specific cause of the effects. We suggest that DNA photolesions in chromosome segments present in the microirradiated part of the nucleus can induce shattering of all the chromosomes in the microirradiated nucleus. Several possibilities are discussed to explain this unexpected finding.
Bayelsa Medical University 2022/2023 PRE DEGREE & JUPEB APPLICATION form ☎"07066280862 Post UTME/Direct Entry (DE)/Admission Form 07066280862 on how to purchase the form and register online, For Admission Process on how to be admitted and mode of payment of School Fee And Acceptance Fee Contact Office of the registrar on +2347066280862 more Inquiry On GUIDELINES AND ADMISSION ASSISTANCE CALL PROF MRS JUDITH ON +2347066280862.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Bayelsa Medical University 2022/2023 PRE DEGREE &amp; JUPEB APPLICATION form ☎️&quot;07066280862 Post UTME/Direct Entry (DE)/Admission Form 07066280862 on how to purchase the form and register online, For Admission Process on how to be admitted and mode of payment of School Fee And Acceptance Fee Contact Office of the registrar on +2347066280862 more Inquiry On GUIDELINES AND ADMISSION ASSISTANCE CALL PROF MRS JUDITH ON +2347066280862.
Advanced Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Materials Evaluation and Development Program. Progress report, July 1, 1979-September 30, 1979

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The results of work performed from July 1, 1979 through September 30, 1979 on the Advanced Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Materials Evaluation and Development Program are presented. The objectives of this program are to evaluate candidate alloys for Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) Nuclear Process Heat (NPH) and Direct Cycle Helium Turbine (DCHT) applications, in terms of the effect of simulated reactor primary coolant (helium containing small amounts of various other gases), high temperatures, and long time exposures, on the mechanical properties and structural and surface stability of selected candidate alloys. A second objective is to select and recommend materials for future test facilities and more extensive qualification programs. Work covered in this report includes the activities associated with the status of the simulated reactor helium supply system, testing equipment, and gas chemistry analysis instrumentation and equipment. The status of the data management system is presented. In addition, the progress in the screening test program is described.
Preparation and Characterization of Several New Palladium (II) Chloride Complexes of Alkyl and Aryl Selenocyanates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the course of the studies of reactivity of p-alkoxyalkyl selenocyanate prepared by the method described previously,&apos;) we have found that it reacted with palladium(II) chloride to give a 1: 1 complex of general formula of PdC12•RSeCN instead of the expected exchange reaction of selenocyanato moiety by palladium(II) salt. Only one report has so far been appeared in the literature on a similar complex,2) namely pal-ladium(II) chloride-1, 2-diselenocyanatoethane complex, in which the bonding between palladium and selenium has been assumed by i.r. data. On the other hand, it has recently been reported3) that palladium was bonded to nitrogen in palladium(II) chloride-1, 2-dithiocyanatoethane. Since it seemed to be of interest to investigate whether palladium was truely bonded to selenium, we have tried first to find out a general method for the preparation of alkyl and aryl selenocyanates-PdC12 complexes and then to characterize them by i.r. spectroscopy and/or other methods. Treatment of phenyl-, n-hexyl-, or 2-methoxy-2-phenylethyl selenocyanate with palladium chloride/sodium acetate(1/2) in methanol at reflux temperature afforded a 1: 1 complex of alkyl or aryl selenocyanate and palladium(II) chloride as brown precipitates [mp 200-240°C(dec.)] in a yield of 40-70%. These solids are hardly McOH
Indica - 18. Buddhist Legends. Translated from the original Pāli text of the Dhammapada Commentary by Eugene Watson Burlingame. Harvard Oriental Series, vols. xxviii–xxx. 10¼ × 7⅛, 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1921. - 19. Buddhist Parables. Translated from the original Pāli by Eugene Watson Burlingame. 9½ × 6½, xxix + 348 pp., 1 plate. New Haven, 1922. - 20. Anubuddha Buddhaghosa Thera's Paramatthajotika, or the commentary to the Khuddakapátha. … Edited by … Welipitiyé Déwánanda Théra … revised by … Mahagoda Siri Ñanissara Théra. 10 × 6½, i + vi + 176 pp., 1 plate. Colombo, 1922. - 21. Bhadantachariya Buddhadatta Maha Thera's Madhuratthavilásini, or the commentary to the Buddhawansa of the Khuddaka Nikáya. … Edited by … Yagirala Paññánanda Théra … revised by … Mahagoda Siri Ñanissara Théra. 10 × 6½, viii + 268 pp., 1 plate. Colombo, 1922.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Indica - 18. Buddhist Legends. Translated from the original Pāli text of the Dhammapada Commentary by Eugene Watson Burlingame. Harvard Oriental Series, vols. xxviii–xxx. 10¼ × 7⅛, 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1921. - 19. Buddhist Parables. Translated from the original Pāli by Eugene Watson Burlingame. 9½ × 6½, xxix + 348 pp., 1 plate. New Haven, 1922. - 20. Anubuddha Buddhaghosa Thera's Paramatthajotika, or the commentary to the Khuddakapátha. … Edited by … Welipitiyé Déwánanda Théra … revised by … Mahagoda Siri Ñanissara Théra. 10 × 6½, i + vi + 176 pp., 1 plate. Colombo, 1922. - 21. Bhadantachariya Buddhadatta Maha Thera's Madhuratthavilásini, or the commentary to the Buddhawansa of the Khuddaka Nikáya. … Edited by … Yagirala Paññánanda Théra … revised by … Mahagoda Siri Ñanissara Théra. 10 × 6½, viii + 268 pp., 1 plate. Colombo, 1922. - Volume 55 Issue 3
Data from Metformin Inhibits Prostate Cancer Progression by Targeting Tumor-Associated Inflammatory Infiltration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Inflammatory infiltration plays important roles in both carcinogenesis and metastasis. We are interested in understanding the inhibitory mechanism of metformin on tumor-associated inflammation in prostate cancer.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> By using a transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mouse model, <i>in vitro</i> macrophage migration assays, and patient samples, we examined the effect of metformin on tumor-associated inflammation during the initiation and after androgen deprivation therapy of prostate cancer.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Treating TRAMP mice with metformin delays prostate cancer progression from low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia to high-grade PIN, undifferentiated to well-differentiated, and PIN to adenocarcinoma with concurrent inhibition of inflammatory infiltration evidenced by reduced recruitment of macrophages. Furthermore, metformin is capable of inhibiting the following processes: inflammatory infiltration after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) induced by surgically castration in mice, bicalutamide treatment in patients, and hormone deprivation in LNCaP cells. Mechanistically, metformin represses inflammatory infiltration by downregulating both COX2 and PGE2 in tumor cells.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Metformin is capable of repressing prostate cancer progression by inhibiting infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages, especially those induced by ADT, by inhibiting the COX2/PGE2 axis, suggesting that a combination of ADT with metformin could be a more efficient therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer treatment. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5622–34. ©2018 AACR</i>.</p></div>
REFUGEES AND THE CASE FOR INTERNATIONAL AUTHORITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST: THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND THE UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND WORKS AGENCY FOR PALESTINIAN REFUGEES IN THE NEAR EAST COMPARED

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In the immediate aftermath of World War I, the newly formed League of Nations saw Middle Eastern refugees—particularly displaced Armenians and Assyrians scattered in camps across the Eastern Mediterranean—as venues for working out new forms of internationalism. In the late 1940s, following the British abandonment of the Palestine Mandate and the subsequent Zionist expulsion of most of the Palestinian Arab population, the new United Nations revived this concept of a refugee crisis requiring international intervention. This paper examines the parallel ways in which advocates for both the nascent League of Nations and the United Nations made use of mass refugee flows to formulate arguments for new, highly visible, and essentially permanent iterations of international authority across the Middle East.
Marshall-Lerner Condition and Economic Globalization

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The analysis considers the impact of FDI inflows and FDI outflows and shows that the presence of (cumulated) FDI requires higher import elasticities in absolute terms than stated in the standard Marshall Lerner condition. One may derive a range for the elasticity of the ratio of exports to imports with respect to the real exchange rate, namely that the sum of the absolute import elasticities at home and abroad must exceed unity plus an addi-tional parameter - for standard special cases the sum of both elasticities must exceed 2 if a real depreciation is to improve the real current account. Not only can one determine a modified Marshall Lerner condition for a world economy with economic globalization, rather one also can get new insights from considering a broader macroeconomic perspective. The insights obtained are highly relevant for the discussion about high deficits of the US and high surplus positions of countries such as Japan, China and Germany. The relevance of real income effects for current account adjustment - much emphasized by McKinnon - is emphasized here in a specific way: there is a direct real income effect of changes of the real exchange rate.
common rights in land

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

‘Common rights’ and ‘common land’ refer to rights to use land in common in some way. Of several forms of common rights in pre-industrial Europe and elsewhere, only one – free access to land – involved what economists commonly think of as common rights. Common rights in Europe were largely swept away during the 18th and 19th centuries by a process termed ‘enclosure’. Some economic historians have reconsidered the inefficiency of open fields in an English context, but at present the data are too poor to allow a plausible rebuttal of the views of 18th-century critics of the open fields.
The prognostic role of controlling nutritional status and skeletal muscle mass in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Nutritional status and skeletal muscle mass affect the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nutritional status is closely associated with skeletal muscle mass. Here, we investigate the effect of controlling preoperative nutritional status and skeletal muscle mass on the prognosis of HCC after curative treatment. Methods This retrospective analysis contained 181 patients who received curative treatment of HCC including liver resection or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy. Nutritional status and skeletal muscle mass were evaluated prior to therapy using the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and psoas muscle mass index (PMI), respectively. Associations of predictor variables with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were determined using Cox proportional hazards regression and CHAID decision tree algorithm analysis. Results A total of 111 patients (61.3%) were determined to be of poor nutritional status and 100 patients (55.2%) had muscle mass depletion. Patients with PS 0, Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage 0, low CONUT score, and high PMI showed significantly better OS than those with PS 1, BCLC stage A, high CONUT score, and low PMI. Multivariate analysis indicated that a high CONUT score [hazard ratio (HR) 4.130; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.713–9.958; P < 0.01) and low PMI (HR 4.625; 95% CI, 1.704–12.549; P < 0.01) found to be useful for predicting OS in patients after curative treatment of HCC. Regarding PFS, a significant predictor was only tumor numbers in univariate analysis (HR 2.147; 95% CI, 1.350–3.414; P = 0.001). In decision tree analysis, the mortality rate was 28.8%, 12.5%, and 1.9% in patients with a high CONUT score, with a low CONUT score-low PMI, or with a low CONUT score-high PMI, respectively. Conclusion The combined CONUT score and PMI were found to be independent predictors of OS in HCC patients after liver resection or RFA.
Effects of nitrogen fertilization on temporal-spatial distribution of soil inorganic nitrogen and nitrogen utilization in wheat in rice-wheat rotation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Field experiments with two cultivars of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.cv Ninmai9 cv Yumai34) were conducted in Nanjing during 2006and 2008 to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer regimes on temporal-spatial distribution of soil inorganic nitrogen content,soil nitrogen apparent surplus amount and nitrogen use efficiencies.The results showed that high basal nitrogen fertilizer application rate enhanced NO-3-N and NH+4-N content in the soil layer of 0-60cm during the period before the start of stem elongation.Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing did not affect significantly the soil inorganic nitrogen content at booting stage whereas the NO-3-N content of 0-60cm soil layer and NH+4-N content of 0-20cm soil layer increased at anthesis with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rates at booting.Nitrogen deficit occurred throughout wheat growth season in soil without N fertilizer application where apparent N surplus(ANS) was menus.In soil with N fertilizer applications,ANS was positive from sowing to booting,thereafter(from booting till maturity) ANS was menus.During the whole growing season,ANS was averagely the lowest when the basal to topdressing fertilization ratio was at 5∶5 and the highest when the basal to topdressing fertilization ratio at 7∶3.Grain yield,nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE) and nitrogen apparent recovery efficiency(NRE) all reached the highest at the basal to topdressing fertilization ratio of 5∶5 and decreased with the basal to topdressing fertilization ratio lower and higher 5∶5.It can be concluded that properly reducing basal nitrogen rate and increasing topdressing nitrogen can improve grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency,hence decreasing soil nitrogen surplus and lose.
Alumina Coated with Titanium Dioxide Supported Iron for Hydrogen Production and Carbon Nanotubes via Methane Decomposition

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Research on converting methane to hydrogen has gained more attention due to the availability of methane reserves and the global focus on sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources. The decomposition of methane through catalysis (CDM) has excellent potential to produce clean hydrogen and valuable carbon products. However, developing catalysts that are both active and stable is a highly challenging area of research. Using titanium isopropoxide as a precursor and different loadings of TiO2 (10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, and 30 wt.%), alumina has been coated with TiO2 in a single-step hydrothermal synthesis procedure. These synthesized materials are examined as possible support materials for CDM; different wt.% of iron is loaded onto the synthesized support material using a co-precipitation method to enhance the methane conversion via a decomposition reaction. The result shows that the 20 wt.% Fe/20 wt.% Ti-Al (20Fe/20Ti-Al) catalyst demonstrates remarkable stability and exhibits superior performance, reaching a conversion rate of methane of 94% with hydrogen production of 84% after 4 h. The outstanding performance is primarily due to the moderate interaction between the support and the active metal, as well as the presence of the rutile phase. The 20Fe/30Ti-Al catalyst exhibited lower activity than the other catalysts, achieving a methane conversion of 85% and hydrogen production of 79% during the reaction. Raman and XRD analysis revealed that all the catalysts generated graphitic carbon, with the 20Fe/20Ti-Al catalyst specifically producing single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Ethical Content Guidelines: Upholding the rights of the people in the pictures in content gathering, management and use

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

These guidelines cover the gathering of content, the management of content, and the use of content by Oxfam for its public engagement work. The main purpose of these guidelines is to ensure that content is gathered, managed and used ethically, in ways that uphold contributors’ rights to participate and be heard, to experience respect and dignity, to make free and informed decisions, and to be protected from risk and harm. The guidelines also cover Oxfam’s commitments to audiences and to the staff and others involved in story gathering.
2.24-Tb/s Physical Random Bit Generation With Minimal Post-Processing Based on Chaotic Semiconductor Lasers Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multi-channel physical random bit generator (RBG) based on a chaotic semiconductor lasers (SLs) network is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In experiments, a small ring network consisting of three SLs mutually coupled with heterogeneous delays is constructed to obtain chaotic temporal waveforms. The results show that the time-delay signature of chaotic intensities in all the three SLs can be well concealed over wide range of parameters. Through linear combination of the three chaotic outputs, seven channels of chaotic entropy sources can be obtained. Furthermore, by introducing a minimal post-processing technique and directly extracting four least significant bits at 80-GS/s sampling rate, seven channel random bit sequences with verified randomness can be simultaneously achieved, and the total bit rate is 2.24 Tb/s. The proposed RBGs enabling such high generation rate have potential applications in the one-time pad encryption for the high-speed optical communication networks.
Augmented reality on the iPhone

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Identifying places of interest that are nearby one's current location can be a difficult task. It is especially so when one does not have any prior knowledge of that area he/she is currently in. It is time-consuming and would often dampen one's interest in proceeding further if much effort is required to find out various locations of the places of interest. Through utilizing augmented reality, this project seeks to develop an interactive application that allows the user to obtain POI information through his/her iPhone‟s camera view. Furthermore, location simulation and interactive image gallery were additional features to create better user experience with the application.
Opinion mining in higher education: a corpus-based approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Student recruitment and retention heavily depend on student satisfaction and word of mouth voiced through surveys, social media, and review websites. The amount of online reviews makes their manual analysis intractable, revealing the need for automated approaches. The paper presents the first Serbian language corpus manually annotated for opinions in the domain of higher education. Agreement among annotators was calculated using the Fleiss' kappa and agr metrics. Statistical and linguistic analyses of the corpus revealed information useful for hand-crafted rules for sentiment analysis. Using developed corpus, dictionary- and machine learning-based approaches to sentiment analysis are benchmarked. Both exhibit high performance.