jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Perfusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Features with Histopathological Grading of Glioma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Gliomas are the most common primary neoplasm of the brain. It histopathologically grades I to IV. I and II are low grade while III, IV are high grade. Low-grade gliomas are usually subject to either strict follow-up or surgery. The treatment for high grade gliomas is typically surgery, followed by concomitant radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Conventional MRI has limitations for the grading of gliomas. In addition to conventional MRI techniques, a variety of new techniques such as perfusion-weighted MRI which noninvasively measures cerebral perfusion that can be used for better assessment of glioma. This will be helpful for therapeutic approach and counseling about prognosis of the patient. Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from IRB clearance to 18 months. The patients who fulfill the selection criteria were enrolled in this study. Written informed consent was taken from the patients and/or the legal guardian/ responsible family members after completely explaining to them the procedure and the purpose of the study. Patient’s data was collected in questionnaire/data collection sheet. The privacy of the patient was strictly maintained and the patient’s information will not be disclosed to any source. The study data will only be used for the purpose of this scientific study. This study was not causing any additional harm to the patients. All the patients were evaluated by a standard conventional contrast-enhanced study with perfusion-weighted image on Siemens 3 Tesla MRI. The histopathological grading of the tumor was done as per the WHO classification of 2007. Then correlation was done between PWI finding and WHO histopathological grading. Results: Measurement of relative cerebral blood volume in glioma patients was done in PW-MRI preoperatively. Out of the 35 tumors evaluated, 17 were found as low rCBV and 18 as high. Histopathological examination of glioma was done postoperatively. Among 35 tumors, 19 are low grade gliomas and 16 are high grade gliomas. For the correlation between relative cerebral blood volume in preoperative PW MRI and histopathological grading of glioma, Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient Test was done. We found a significant positive coefficient value of r = 0.572 with a significant p-value of p = <0.001. A single cutoff relative cerebral blood volume value of 1.7 for low versus high grade glioma was found to be 77.8% sensitive and 88.2% specific. Conclusion: The present study ascertains that histopathological grading of glioma is positively correlated with relative cerebral blood volume in PW MRI. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2022; 12(1): 12-19
Energyware engineering: techniques and tools for green software development

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Energy consumption is nowadays one of the most important concerns worldwide. While hardware is generally seen as the main culprit for a computer’s energy usage, software too has a tremendous impact on the energy spent, as it can cancel the efficiency introduced by the hardware. Green Computing is not a newfield of study, but the focus has been, until recently, on hardware. While there has been advancements in Green Software techniques, there is still not enough support for software developers so they can make their code more energy-aware, with various studies arguing there is both a lack of knowledge and lack of tools for energy-aware development. This thesis intends to tackle these two problems and aims at further pushing forward research on Green Software. This software energy consumption issue is faced as a software engineering question. By using systematic, disciplined, and quantifiable approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of software we defined several techniques, methodologies, and tools within this document. These focus on providing software developers more knowledge and tools to help with energy-aware software development, or Energyware Engineering. Insights are provided on the energy influence of several stages performed during a software’s development process. We look at the energy efficiency of various popular programming languages, understanding which are the most appropriate if a developer’s concern is energy consumption. A detailed study on the energy profiles of different Java data structures is also presented, alongwith a technique and tool, further providing more knowledge on what energy efficient alternatives a developer has to choose from. To help developers with the lack of tools, we defined and implemented a technique to detect energy inefficient fragments within the source code of a software system. This technique and tool has been shown to help developers improve the energy efficiency of their programs, and even outperforming a runtime profiler. Finally, answers are provided to common questions and misconceptions within this field of research, such as the relationship between time and energy, and howone can improve their software’s energy consumption. This thesis provides a great effort to help support both research and education on this topic, helps continue to grow green software out of its infancy, and contributes to solving the lack of knowledge and tools which exist for Energyware Engineering.
Report on industrial attachment with Nanophotonics and Electronic Integration Group Data Storage Institute, Singapore

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Photonic Integrated Circuits (PIC) promise THz speeds as compared to the GHz speeds offered by electronic circuits. The design of optoelectronic/photonic devices is challenged by the complexity of light interaction with semiconductor media. Irregular device geometries complicate matters further making analytical methods limited in their use. In the wake of these challenges, a need for accurate modeling arises. In this project, the Finite Domain Time Difference (FDTD) method was used to investigate optoelectronic devices with a special focus on passively mode locked semiconductor lasers. The current FDTD model employed is seen to model the physics of such complex devices with high accuracy while remaining computationally efficient. Simulation results for mode locked lasers considering electronic band structure, thermal and band filling effects are obtained for the first time.
Time-Domain Nonlinear SSI Analysis of Foundation Sliding Using Frequency-Dependent Foundation Impedance Derived From SASSI

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Dynamic soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis of nuclear power plants is often performed in frequency domain using programs such as SASSI [1]. This enables the analyst to properly a) address the effects of wave radiation in an unbounded soil media, b) incorporate strain-compatible soil shear modulus and damping properties and c) specify input motion in the free field using the de-convolution method and/or spatially variable ground motions. For structures that exhibit nonlinearities such as potential base sliding and/or uplift, the frequency-domain procedure is not applicable as it is limited to linear systems. For such problems, it is necessary to solve the problem in the time domain using the direct integration method in programs such as ADINA [2]. The authors recently introduced a sub-structuring technique called distributed parameter foundation impedance (DPFI) model that allows the structure to be partitioned from the total SSI system and analyzed in the time domain while the foundation soil is modeled using the frequency-domain procedure [3]. This procedure has been validated for linear systems. In this paper we have expanded the DPFI model to incorporate nonlinearities at the soil/structure interface by introducing nonlinear shear and normal springs arranged in series between the DPFI and structure model. This combination of the linear far-field impedance (DPFI) plus nonlinear near-field soil springs allows the foundation sliding and/or uplift behavior be analyzed in time domain while maintaining the frequency-dependent stiffness and radiation damping nature of the far-field foundation impedance. To check the accuracy of this procedure, a typical NPP foundation mat supported at the surface of a layered soil system and subjected to harmonic forced vibration was first analyzed in the frequency domain using SASSI to calculate the target linear response and derive a linear, far-field DPFI model. The target linear solution was then used to validate two linear time-domain ADINA models: Model 1 consisting of the mat foundation+DPFI derived from the linear SASSI model and Model 2 consisting of the total SSI system (mat foundation plus a soil block). After linear alignment, the nonlinear springs were added to both ADINA models and re-analyzed in time domain. Model 2 provided the target nonlinear solution while Model 1 provided the results using the DPFI+nonlinear springs. By increasing the amplitude of the vibration load, different levels of foundation sliding were simulated. Good agreement between the results of two models in terms of the displacement response of the mat and cyclic force-displacement behavior of the springs validates the accuracy of the procedure presented herein.
Style in Literature for Children. Stylistic Analysis of Joseph Jacobs`s Fairy Tales.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this thesis is to examine the style in literature for children. Firstly, general stylistic characteristics of literature for children, and in particular of fairy tales, are described. Secondly, the development of children’s literature in England is commented on from the stylistic point of view. Thirdly, a stylistic analysis of eleven Joseph Jacobs’s fairy tales which is focused on the layout, sentence structure and lexis follows. On the basis of the analysis the thesis shows that the fairy tales serve as good examples of the general style of the literature for children.
The Synthesis of 3,4,9-Trimethoxyphenanthrene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of 3,4,9-TrimethoxyphenanthreneS. F. MacDonald and A. J. ChechakCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 5, 1972–1973Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01185a514https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01185a514research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Historical Dictionary of Niger

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Niger is a crossroad, the gate to the outside for West Africans, and the port of entry into West Africa for cross-Saharan tidings and travelers. It remained for centuries the largely uncontrolled periphery of the large empires of the western Sudan and the market cities of the central Sudan. In these two ways, the land forged a very distinctive identity, a fluid blend of diverse communities which make up a nation of marginal cosmopolitans – a paradox illuminated in this book. This fifth edition of Historical Dictionary of Niger contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Niger.
The Role of Pressure and Duration of Dive on Lung Physiology in Professional and Non-Professional Divers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Backgrounds: Professional divers have a greater lung volume than non-professional divers in higher force vital capacity (FVC) and force expiratory flow in 1 second (FEV1) values. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of pressure and duration of diving on changes in lung physiology in professional divers and non-professional divers. Methods: This is a cross sectional study on the personnel of the Indonesian Navy Dislambair Koarmada II Surabaya and RSAL personnel of dr. Ramelan Navy Hospital in Lakesla Surabaya in March-April 2019. Samples was collected with purposive sampling. This study used unpaired subjects with the independent t-test statistic analysis if the data is normally distributed and the Mann-Whitney U test if the data is not normally distributed Results: There was a significant difference in the professional divers group compared to non-professional divers group in the values of FVC (P=0.042) and FEV1 (P=0.040) at 1.3 ATA for 10 minutes and the FEV1 (P=0.049) for 20 minutes. No significant differences in FVC (P=0.092) at 1.3 ATA pressure for 20 minutes. There were no significant differences in FVC (P=0.865), FEV1 (P=0.659) at 1.5 ATA pressure for 10 minutes and FVC (P=0.858) and FEV1 (P=0.857) for 20 minutes. Conclusions: The different pressure in non-professional group could reduce the FEV1 value. There was a difference in the FVC value of the professional diver group and non-professional divers at a pressure of 1.5 ATA for 10 minutes. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(2): 103-12)
[Hamartomatosis and adenomatosis of the colon].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors report five members of a family, having colonic polyposis, whose parents had adenomas that posteriorly degenerated to carcinoma, while sons had juvenile polyposis. Such aspects were considered as familial, evolutive and genetic. In contrast to adenomas, juvenile polyposis or hamartomas were always considered as benign lesions, with no susceptibility to malignancy. Nevertheless, these lesions must be considered as having degenerative potential at least similar to the originating tissue and, perhaps, even higher, once the sick tissue shows abnormal growth rate. These observations raise an important problem, namely, evaluating an eventual existence of malignancy among patients with juvenile polyposis which, if actually confirmed, could result in changes of its concepts and of its therapeutic approaches. The acknowledgement of the association between malignant potenial with genetics, could also result in better prevention for colonic cancer, once known its hereditary predisposition. The expectation of new cases among members of a same family should promote prevention before cancer appears. Thus, with this approach, the transcolonoscopic removal of polyps, mostly among families presenting high cancer potential, should avoid the sequence "adenoma-carcinoma".
Development of One-Step Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR for Simultaneous Detection of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) I/D and rs4343 Gene Polymorphisms and the Correlation with CAD Patients.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The technique is the first work for simultaneous detection of Insertion/Deletion polymorphism and rs4343 SNPs in ACE gene and the results were entirely according to those from an independent procedure.
Evidence Based Practice &amp; Policy School Asthma Screening and Case Management: Attendance and Learning Outcomes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Asthma is related to school absenteeism and underperformance in elementary students. This pilot study assessed whether school nurse case management (CM) in children identified with asthma impacts academic performance and school absenteeism in one school. A validated questionnaire was used to identify children at risk for asthma and CM was provided to link these students to medical care and assure asthma action plans at school. In the 40 children with confirmed diagnosis who received CM, academic performance on standardized testing postintervention was similar to the 76 children who were low risk for asthma. Average days absent due to illness in the CM group were reduced from 5.8 to 3.7 days in the postintervention school year. School nurse screening, CM, and collaboration with a medical provider resulted in early identification, referral, and subsequent treatment of students at risk for asthma and may have contributed to reduced illness absences.
Analisis Penerapan Harga Pokok Produksi pada UMKM Rumah Parquet Bogor

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In recent years, demand for these products has increased along with awareness of the beauty and durability of bengkirai wood. Although SMEs contribute significantly to the Indonesian economy, they face challenges, including access to financing and production efficiency. This study aims to understand how Rumah Parquet accounts for costs related to maintaining environmental quality in its production process. The methodology used included interviews and regression data analysis to calculate Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGS), Operating Expenses (BOP), and profit and loss statements. The results show that Rumah Parquet has not fully integrated environmental quality costs in the COGS calculation, which has an impact on profitability and business sustainability. The findings provide insights for industry players on the importance of better cost management to improve product competitiveness. This research also contributes to the literature by highlighting environmental aspects in cost calculation in the SME sector.
Ergative in Hindi/ Urdu: Reconciling the perfective oblique and the heavy imperfective analyses

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Careful analysis of auxiliary occurrence in Hindi/ Urdu perfective and imperfective clauses suggests that Bjorkman’s (2015) “heavy perfective” account of ergative as oblique case licensed by Perfective aspect is not incompatible with Coon’s (2013) “heavy imperfective” proposal. Only the imperfective clause has a Person feature, whose checking allows nominative case assignment (contra Coon, the ergative split is not due to disruption of “ergative alignment”). Ergative is a participial case that appears where nominative fails; ergative languages differ from nominative languages in how they allow/ disallow Person checking and the projection of Tense. In Hindi/ Urdu, Person checking differentiates imperfective from perfective clauses. In person-split ergative languages, Person checking differentiates [+Person] from [-Person] or [0Person] arguments. My argument from Hindi-Urdu is thus relevant to person-split ergative languages, and (potentially) to the Romance auxiliary split.
BPS monopole in the space of boundary conditions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The space of all possible boundary conditions that respect self-adjointness of Hamiltonian operator is known to be given by the group manifold $U(2)$ in one-dimensional quantum mechanics. In this paper we study non-Abelian Berry's connections in the space of boundary conditions in a simple quantum mechanical system. We consider a system for a free spinless particle on a circle with two point-like interactions described by the $U(2) \times U(2)$ family of boundary conditions. We show that, for a certain $SU(2) \subset U(2) \times U(2)$ subfamily of boundary conditions, all the energy levels become doubly-degenerate thanks to the so-called higher-derivative supersymmetry, and non-Abelian Berry's connection in the ground-state sector is given by the Bogomolny-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) monopole of $SU(2)$ Yang-Mills-Higgs theory. We also show that, in the ground-state sector of this quantum mechanical model, matrix elements of position operator give the adjoint Higgs field that satisfies the BPS equation. It is also discussed that Berry's connections in the excited-state sectors are given by non-BPS 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles.
Original Article Morphine with adjuvant ketamine versus higher dose of morphine alone for acute pain: a meta-analysis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose: Ketamine is currently the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel blocker in clinical use. Morphine in pain management is usually limited by adverse effect such as nausea and vomiting. Adjuvant treatment with ket- amine may be value in giving better analgesia with fewer adverse effects. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the differences when patients received morphine with adjuvant ketamine (MK) compared with higher dose of morphine (MO) for acute pain. Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library databases were searched (Last search performed on July 1, 2014) by two reviewers independently. Data were extracted indepen- dently by the same two individuals who searched the studies. Results: A total of 7 trials involving 492 patients were included in the current analysis. We found pain scores were lower in the MK group compared to the MO group (MD 2.19, 95% CI (1.24, 3.13) P<0.00001). And more patients in the MO required diclofenac (OR 1.97, 95% CI (1.06, 3.67) P=0.03). Furthermore, morphine plus ketamine can reduced post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) (OR 3.71, 95% CI (2.37, 5.80) P<0.00001). Importantly, the wakefulness scores for the MK group were consistently and significantly better than those for the MO group (MD -1.53, 95% CI (-2.67, -0.40) P=0.008). Conclusion: The use of ketamine plus 1/4~2/3 the dose of morphine is better than higher dose of morphine alone in reducing pain scores, and rescuing analgesic requirement. It also improved PONV and wakefulness.