jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Microenvironmental Forces Regulate Notch Signaling Through Integrins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The extracellular microenvironment contributes significantly to a cell’s function and behavior. For instance, cell-cell interactions, cell-substrate interactions, and physical forces are all factors of the extracellular environment that can alter cellular behavior. Cells can receive these signals and forces through various membrane channels and receptors that transmit the signals from the extracellular to the intracellular space. Canonical Notch signaling is induced by ligand interactions with neighboring cells, but recent evidence has revealed that Notch signaling can occur through a variety of extracellular stimuli including hyperglycemia, hypoxia, multiple growth factors, fluid shear stress, and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. Although Notch activation through ligand interactions with adjacent cells have been well established, non-canonical Notch signaling through the microenvironment is poorly understood. Previous evidence suggests a novel activation of Notch signaling through an integrin pathway, proposing Notch as a microenvironmental sensor. Integrins are cell membrane receptors that are mainly recognized for cell-ECM attachment and induction of cellular signaling cascades but have also been shown to respond and transmit signaling through fluid shear stress and ECM stiffness. Since integrins have been shown to regulate Notch signaling and both exhibit a response to fluid shear stress, we hypothesized that Notch signaling responds to fluid shear stress through integrin activation. To test this, we compared Notch activation following exposure to fluid shear stress and Notch activation following shear stress after inhibiting integrin function. Our data confirms that Notch activation is significantly upregulated from fluid shear stress compared to a static control and inhibiting integrin function attenuates this response, suggesting integrins are required for Notch’s upregulation from shear stress. Because integrins also respond and transmit signals from varying ECM stiffness and Notch has been shown to be upregulated during conditions of fibrosis, we hypothesized that Notch signaling will be regulated by varying degrees of ECM stiffness through integrin activation. To investigate this hypothesis, we cultured cells on hydrogels with multiple levels of stiffness and measured Notch signaling. Our results indicate that like shear stress, Notch signaling is influenced by ECM stiffness. Collectively our results indicate that Notch signaling is regulated through microenvironmental forces like fluid shear stress and ECM stiffness and is regulated through integrins. This furthers our understanding of the variations of Notch signaling in response to microenvironmental stimuli and the mechanisms involved. Notch has been implicated in a variety of diseases and our results improve our knowledge of Notch signaling in pathological conditions of the microenvironment including abnormal shear stress (e.g. atherosclerosis) and tissue stiffness (e.g. fibrosis).
Language environmental analysis (LENA) of three Cypriot Greek-speaking children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This is the first study that explores the quantity and quality of language input in Cypriot Greek-speaking families using highly specialised software.The purpose of this longitudinal case study was to record, analyse and evaluate the longitudinal changes in conversational turns, input and participant vocalisations in Cypriot Greek-speaking families using the computerised LENA (Language Environment Analysis) software.The study involved two typically developing children (TD) and a child with a Language Disorder (LD).TDs' performance and language input confirmed the norms of typically developing scores of the LENA system.In contrast, LD differed quantitatively and qualitatively from the mean number of CVC and CTC.The mean numbers of LD measured below the <25th percentile in any measurement and the quantity of language input.Recent research supports the findings of the present study.
The Problem of the Demarcation of the Border between Estonia and Russia in 1917–1920

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article addresses an important but little-known issue of the conflict over the demarcation of the border between Estonia and (Soviet) Russia in the years 1917 -1920, which was important for the international order in North-Eastern Europe after the First World War.The dispute over this matter was much broader than just bilateral, as the normalization of the situation in the Baltic region conditioned the possibility of extending the international order established by the Treaty of Versailles to Eastern Europe.This issue has not received a separate monograph so far, although it was addressed in historical publications, especially in the countries directly concerned.The analysis of the state of research, confronted with primary sources, constitutes the base for the article.After the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, Estonia quickly became an object of interest for the Bolsheviks, which almost ended up with the republic losing its independence.However, the politicians of the newly born Republic of Estonia showed great political skills by manoeuvring between Germany, the White and Red Armies, obtaining British aid and establishing military cooperation with Latvia, which was equally threatened.However, it was the Polish-Soviet War, which ended with the defeat of the Red Army, that turned out to be crucial.During disputes with the Whites and the Bolsheviks with regard to demarcation, Estonia successfully, at least in a shortterm perspective, defended its historical rights to the regions of Narva and Petseri against its aggressive neighbour.From the point of view of diplomatic possibilities, the Estonians achieved everything that was achievable.The peace treaty signed in Tartu in 1920 ensured 'perpetual guarantees' which, however, lasted only for less than two decades.
Contribution to Stale Flavor of 2-Furfuryl Ethyl Ether and Its Formation Mechanism in Beer

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Contribution to Stale Flavor of 2-Furfuryl Ethyl Ether and Its Formation Mechanism in Beer Get access Koichi Harayama, Koichi Harayama Nagoya Brewery, Rsahi Breweries Ltd., Nishikawahara-cho, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Fumitaka Hayase, Fumitaka Hayase Nagoya Brewery, Rsahi Breweries Ltd., Nishikawahara-cho, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463, JapanDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiromichi Kato Hiromichi Kato Nagoya Brewery, Rsahi Breweries Ltd., Nishikawahara-cho, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463, JapanDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Present address: Department of Food Science, Ohtsuma University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 59, Issue 6, 1 January 1995, Pages 1144–1146, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.1144 Published: 01 January 1995 Article history Received: 06 October 1994 Published: 01 January 1995
Intracranial pressure monitoring in severe traumatic brain injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intracranial pressure monitoring seems to be an indispensable stage in management of severe traumatic brain injured patient. Since 2009, this technique completes our trauma protocol. The study has been carried out from 2011 to 2013 in Prof. Dr. N. Oblu hospital in Iasi. There have been included in the study patients with severe craniocerebral trauma, who had traumatic brain lesions CT detected and Glasgow score between 3 and 8. The age ranged from 16 to 60, an average of 35.5 years old. 50% of the studied cases had a favorable outcome. Diagrams associated to this category of patients showed increases in intracranial pressure above normal values but without repeated values above 50 mm Hg. Most of those patients had a good evolution under medical treatment. Monitoring intracranial pressure is an extremely useful stage in treating intracranial high pressure in traumatology and it should be included in the equipment of any intensive therapy section caring traumatic patients.
Changes of synapsin I expression and synaptic ultrastructure in hippocampus of the rat models of epilepsy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To illuminate relationships between epilepsy and functional and morphologic plasticity of synapse through investigating temporal-spatial expression of syanpsinⅠand the alteration of synaptic ultrastructure in hippocampus after seizure. Methods The models of epilepsy were established by injection of pilocarpine and lithium. Electromicroscope and the software of image manipulation were applied to observe the alteration of synaptic ultrastructure in hippocampus during acute phase, resting phase and chronic phase. The expressions of synapsinⅠ were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of synapsinⅠin every subfield of hippocampus decreased at 3 h after induction of seizure, reached the peak at 6 h and 12 h, which was significantly different from the control ( P0.05～0.01), and returned to normal level in most of the regions at 24 h and lasted for 60 d. There was no change of postsynaptic density (PSD) and the numerical density per unit volume of synapses (Nv) 3 h after induction of seizure. The PSD increased and the Nv decreased at 6 h. The PSD returned to normal level from 7 d to 30 d, while Nv heightened.Conclusions During acute phase, high-expression of synapsin I and expansion of PSD may be related to the maintenance of SE. Normal expression of synapsin I and normal PSD is one of the reasons for seizure-free at resting phase. High level of Nv is substantial basis of spontaneous seizures at chronic phase.
A Lightweight Encryption Method For Privacy-Preserving in Process Mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Novel technological achievements in the fields of business intelligence, business management and data science are based on real-time and complex virtual networks. Sharing data between a large number of organizations that leads to a system with high computational complexity is one of the considerable characteristics of the current business networks. Discovery, conformance and enhancement of the business processes are performed using the generated event logs. In this regard, one of the overlooked challenges is privacy-preserving in the field of process mining in the industry. To preserve the data-privacy with a low computational complexity structure that is a necessity for the current digital business technology, a novel lightweight encryption method based on Haar transform and a private key is proposed in this paper. We compare the proposed method with the well-known homomorphic cryptosystem and Walsh-Hadamard encryption (WHE) in terms of cryptography, computational complexity and the structure vulnerability. The analyses show that the proposed method anonymizes the event logs with the lower complexity and more accuracy compared with two aforementioned cryptosystems, significantly.
Insights Into Functional and Structural Impacts of nsSNPs in XPA-DNA Repairing Gene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common type of genetic variation in people. SNPs are valuable resource for exploring the genetic basis of disease. The XPA gene provides a way to produce a protein used to repair damaged DNA. This study used the computational methods to classify SNPs and estimate their probability of being neutral or deleterious. The purpose of this analysis is to predict the effect of nsSNPs on the structure and function of XPA proteins. Data was collected from the NCBI hosted dbSNP. The authors examined the pathogenic effect of 194 nsSNPs in the XPA gene with computational tools. Four nsSNPs (C126S, C126W, R158S, and R227Q) those potentially effect on structure and function of the XPA protein were identified with combination of SIFT, PolyPhen, Provean, PHD-SNP, I-Mutant, ConSurf server and Project HOPE. This is the first comprehensive analysis in which XPA gene variants studied using in silico methods and this research able to gain further insight into XPA protein variants and function.
Immediate Complete Overdenture for Esthetic Consideration of the Upper Edentulous Ridge - A Case Report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: Nowadays esthetics is one of the main considerations. So, dentures not only rehabilitate functions, but esthetics as well. The problem is that “conventional denture making” requires several steps which sometimes force a patient into a toothless phase which affects both functional and esthetical aspects. In some cases, the patients are unable to endure this condition due to esthetic reasons. Immediate dentures will be the best solution for them. Purpose: To provide information about immediate complete overdenture design and fabrication. Case: A 61-year-old female patient, an active physician, came to the Dental Hospital of Airlangga University, complaining about her upper partial denture and lower complete denture, which had been worn for 10 years. They weren’t comfortable to wear anymore. She wanted new dentures, without the toothless phase. The remaining teeth were 16, 13, 12, and 22. 13 and 22 were used as retainers for the upper partial denture but the inclination and vitality of the teeth were bad. Case management: Immediate complete overdenture was made for the upper edentulous ridge. Immediate treatment was chosen because of the esthetic consideration. Overdenture treatment was chosen because it preserves the bone dimensions. 16 and 12 were extracted, while 13 and 22 were endodontically treated. The complete denture was then fabricated by cutting of 13 and 22 on the functional model. After the complete denture had been fabricated, the patient’s teeth 13 and 22 were decaputated as high as the gingival level and then restored with GIC on the surface. The denture was then inserted immediately after the decaputations. Discussion: An immediate denture is a denture which is made first before decaputation or extraction, then immediately inserted into the mouth after the tooth decaputation or extraction. Designing an immediate denture will give some advantages to patients, especially from the esthetic aspect. An overdenture is a good treatment for patients whose condition of teeth crowns is bad but periodontal tissue and teeth roots are in good condition. In conclusion, an immediate denture is the best treatment where esthetics is the main consideration
Devleoping A Scaled To Research And Evaluate Youth Leadership Like Skills Development

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In agricultural education, both 4-H and FFA have identified leadership development as central to their mission. Many Cooperative Extension Service and agricultural educators, members, and alumni think these organizations provide effective leadership programming. However, there is little research to support that viewpoint. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid, reliable scale to measure youth leadership life skills development. The first phase involved the conceptualization and operationalization of youth leadership life skills development (YLLSD). YLLSD was conceptualized as having seven sub-domains (Miller, 1976) and operationalized with 68 indicators. Each indicator used a four point Likert-type subscale. Face and content validity were assessed by a panel of experts. In the second phase, construct validity, reliability, and dimensionality were assessed. Data were collected during September and October, 1992, following the Dillman procedure. The target population was 6,388 senior 4-H and FFA members from New Mexico. A random sample of 400, stratified proportionally to ensure organizational representation was generated. A usable return rate of 66% was obtained. No differences were found between respondents and nonrespondents. During construct validity assessment, indicators of youth leadership life skills development were eliminated through item analysis, internal structure relationships, and cross-structure relationships. The final summated scale of 30 indicators had a Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of .98. Factor analysis was used to assess dimensionality. Although the final scale contains indicators from the seven original conceptual domains, youth in the study perceived the construct to be unidimensional.
Contraceptive Knowledge, Contraceptive Attitude, and Contraceptive Use among College Students: Function of Gender, Age, and Residence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the differences in college students' attitudes towards, and knowledge of contraceptives. Gender, age group and place of residence were examined to identify variables related to contraceptive use. A total of 388 responses were obtained from college students. The results are as follows: Firstly, significant differences were found in degree of contraceptive knowledge between genders, age groups, and residence types. There was also a significant interaction effect between gender and age. Secondly, there were significant differences of attitudes towards contraception in gender and age and there was also significant interaction effect between residence type and age. Thirdly, college students' contraceptive use could be successfully predicted by gender and attitude towards contraception. Male students who had positive attitudes towards contraception were more likely to use contraceptives. This suggests attitudes towards contraception should be considered when developing contraceptive programs.
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Patellar and Achilles Tendon Loading: A Scoping Review With Practical Recommendations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) interventions for improving strength outcomes after injuries such as tendon ruptures and tendinopathies. DESIGN: Scoping review. LITERATURE SEARCH: A bibliographic database search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, PEDro, and Cochrane Library databases between June and July 2024. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Data on participant demographics, study characteristics, NMES parameters, tendon-related outcomes, and study quality (PEDro scale) were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS: We performed a scoping review on NMES parameters and dosages used for treating tendon injuries. RESULTS: Of 973 records, 10 studies (5 randomized controlled trials, 3 crossovers, 2 cohorts) involving 166 participants (82.2% male) were included. Most participants were healthy (60%), while others had patellar tendinopathy (20%), spinal cord injury (10%), or Achilles tendon rupture (10%). NMES parameters were well detailed; however, only 3 studies reported the dosage. Within-session, NMES alone or superimposed (NMES + ) altered tendon loading by increasing force, strain, and stress. NMES also changed tendon mechanical properties in both the short- long-term. In long-term studies, implementing NMES + reduced tendinopathy symptoms and pain during tendon loading activities. One study compared NMES + to heavy slow resistance training, while another compared NMES + to baseline. PEDro scores ranged from 1 to 7. CONCLUSIONS: Studies on NMES for tendon loading were generally well-documented. There is room for improvement in detailed reporting of specific dosage and evoked torque to facilitate the clinical implementation of NMES for tendon rehabilitation.
TRADITION AND INNOVATION IN WORKS DEDICATED TO THE STRING QUARTET BY GIACOMO PUCCINI

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Despite the fact that Italian music is most often associated with opera, and chamber music did not have such a strong tradition in Italy, nonetheless opera composers of the 19th and early 20th centuries have contributed to the repertoire of chamber ensembles with complex and unique compositions. The uniqueness and novelty of these works represents a genuine challenge for chamber ensembles, because these compositions were conceived in an orchestral manner (the orchestral apparatus, similar to the chorus, represents and active character within the unfolding of an opera, often calling for a full part of first violins, second violin, viola, or cello, not just a single instrument), or in a manner that resembles the vocal line. The desire of every instrument player is to imitate the human voice, especially within the works of those composers whose music is meant to emphasize the meaning of the words. The instrumental chamber compositions of Giacomo Puccini, Crisantemi, 3 Minuetti, and his String quartet mirror the particularities of his operatic works. The current study aims to present the distinctive elements of the 3 Minuetti and the instrumental prelude for string quartet Crisantemi, highlighting those aspects that endow the genres with novel features.
Proteome Profiling by Label‐Free Mass Spectrometry Reveals Differentiated Response of Campylobacter jejuni 81–176 to Sublethal Concentrations of Bile Acids

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Purpose Bile acids are crucial components of the intestinal antimicrobial defense and represent a significant stress factor for enteric pathogens. Adaptation processes of Campylobacter jejuni to this hostile environment are analyzed in this study by a proteomic approach. Experimental design Proteome profiling by label‐free mass spectrometry (SWATH‐MS) has been used to characterize the adaptation of C. jejuni to sublethal concentrations of seven bile acids. Results The bile acids with the lowest inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ), deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acid, induce the most significant proteome changes. Overall a downregulation of all basic biosynthetic pathways and a general decrease in the transcription machinery are found. Concurrently, an induction of factors involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species, protein folding, and bile acid exporting efflux pumps is detected. Exposure to deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acid results in an increased expression of components of the more energy‐efficient aerobic respiration pathway, while the anaerobic branches of the electron transport chain are down‐expressed. Conclusions and clinical relevance The results show that C. jejuni has a differentiated system of adaptation to bile acid stresses. The findings enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis of campylobacteriosis, especially for survival of C. jejuni in the human intestine, and may provide clues to future medical treatment.
Alignment method of off-axis RC reflective optical system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<p>\n\tOff-axis optical system has a wide application in space optics and remote detective area. The high surface shape accuracy can be ensured with the development of advanced manufacture technique. So the only condition which limits the wide application of off-axis optical system is how to realize the precise alignment of it. Based on a RC reflective optical system whose diameter is 400mm, the alignment method which combines the high resolution initial placement and computer-aided alignment is introduced. By designing a system which can measure the off-axis fabrication and off-axis angle precisely, the high resolution initial placement of off-axis mirror can be ensured with a measurement accuracy of +/- 0.05mm and +/- 10 &#39;&#39;. The good initial placement can give a good initial state, so the computer-aided model can be converged well. The experiment shows that a system which has a good initial placement could have a good wave aberration of 0.04. after three times iteration adjustment.</p>