jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Robust, Mechanistically Based In Silico Structural Profiler for Hepatic Cholestasis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Owing to the primary role which it holds within metabolism of xenobiotics, the liver stands at heightened risk of exposure to, and injury from, potentially hazardous substances. A principal manifestation of liver dysfunction is cholestasis-the impairment of physiological bile circulation from its point of origin within the organ to the site of action in the small intestine. The capacity for early identification of compounds liable to exert cholestatic effects is of particular utility within the field of pharmaceutical development, where contribution toward candidate attrition is great. Shortcomings associated with the present in vitro methodologies forecasting cholestasis render their predictivity questionable, permitting scope for the adoption of computational toxicology techniques. As such, the intention of this study has been to construct an in silico profiler, founded upon clinical data, highlighting structural motifs most reliably associated with the end point. Drawing upon a list of >1500 small molecular drugs, compiled and annotated by Kotsampasakou, E. and Ecker, G. F. (J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2017, 57, 608-615), we have formulated a series of 15 structural alerts. These describe fragments intrinsic within distinct pharmaceutical classes including psychoactive tricyclics, β-lactam antimicrobials, and estrogenic/androgenic steroids. Description of the coverage and selectivity of each are provided, alongside consideration of the underlying reactive mechanisms and relevant structure-activity concerns. Provision of mechanistic anchoring ensures that potential exists for framing within the adverse outcome pathway paradigm-the chemistry conveyed through the alert, in particular enabling rationalization at the level of the molecular initiating event.
Post-Operative Assessment on Gait Parameters among Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture Patients Operated by Proximal Femoral Nailing

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Intertrochanteric fractures (ITFs) in general were clinically presented as one among the common hip fractures that is predominantly reported among elderly population especially patients suffering from osteoporosis condition and due to low-energy trauma by falls, they had been typically caused. The Proximal Femoral Nailing (PFN) was attributed as quite effective in the ITF treatment due to the recent advancements in the fixation surgery approaches. This study intends to conduct a detailed post-operative assessment on ITF patients with the prime objective of analysing the differences many patients having their treatment with proximal femoral nailing with the help of simple 3-D Gait analyser’s Helen Hayes Protocol. Methods: The study on postoperative observation in Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KAHER, Belagavi India was conducted among in and outpatients of orthopaedics. In order to assess the ITF spatiotemporal parameters, the study’s been directed between ITF patients under examination during their post-operative with the help of 3-D Gait analyser by employing the protocol of Helen Haley between January 2021 to December 2021. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS (Version 19), for analysis of the data rendered. Results: From the observed investigation, number of males was high in the sample population (56.7%) than female (43.3%). It is observed that type 3 IT fractures was presented and 18 respondents with Type 2 fracture and also 10 with severe Type 4 IT fracture. The gait parameters temporal findings had concerned that there is a rise in the single and double support phase indicatives of the impact of IT fracture on the limbs at their gait. Therefore, the difference could be observed in the gait score from the report. In the deviation of gait score, an abnormal range had been reported as 85.57 ±3.04 (< 100). Conclusion: One of the effective diagnostic tools is 3D gait analyser that could be employed in devising the most suitable management approach as well as treatment modality post-surgery. Furthermore, PFN had been reported for exhibiting the beneficial outcome when the gait analysis is considered from the spatio-temporal findings.
Can steroid reduce endothelial damage in stored corneas? Effect on cell viability and ultrastructure.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We studied the effect of steroid on the viability and integrity of the endothelium of variously stored corneas of different species of animals and man. Paired corneas of rodents and humans were used,--one cornea (experimental) being treated with steroid and the other (control) not. Rat and guinea pig corneas were kept at 37 degrees C for one hour in phosphate buffered saline with or without hydrocortisone 21-sodium succinate (10-6M). Human corneas were kept at 4 degrees C for 4 days in M-K medium with or without hydrocortisone 21-sodium succinate (10-6M). The viability of the endothelia (rat and guinea pig) was tested with para Nitro Blue Tetrazolium and trypan blue dye exclusion tests. The ultrastructural changes in the control and experimental endothelial (guinea pig and human) were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Viable cells P less than 0.001) were more numerous and ultrastructural alteration less in the endothelia of the steroid treated corneas compared to the controls.
Internet gambling

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

S. 692 (Sen. Kyl) as passed by the Senate, and H.R. 3125 (Rep. Goodlatte), as brought to the House floor on a suspension motion, would have outlawed commercial use of the Internet to gamble or to facilitate gambling, with fairly broad exceptions for certain forms of legalized gambling. Individual bettors were not covered and there were exemptions for pari-mutuel betting on horse racing and dog racing, and for state lotteries, among others. Violations were subject to criminal penalties and court injunctions. Service providers who cooperated with authorities in good faith enforcement of the Act were immunized for their cooperation and for violators occurring through use of their facilities. Both bills left intact the Wire Act which proscribes use of the telephone facilities to gamble and transmit gambling information.H.R. 5020 (Rep. Conyers) would have amended the Wire Act so as to resolve disputes over its coverage of Interact gambling and otherwise. The bill had no explicit exceptions for pari-mutuel gambling or state lotteries.H.R. 4419 (Rep. Leach), as reported out of the House Committee on Banking and Financial Services (H.Rept. 106-771), would have prohibited gambling businesses from accepting bettors' credit cards, electronic fund transfers, or checks, in connection with illegal Internet gambling, and established criminal, civil, and regulatory mechanisms for enforcement of its proscriptions.None of these proposals were enacted during the 106th Congress.The Justice Department appropriation legislation, did include a section (§ 629) subsequently enacted and drafted to clarify the legality of the use of interstate communications in connection with off-track pari-mutuel gambling, 144 Cong.Rec. H12481 (daily ed. Dec. 15, 2001).
Estimation of the radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks number by considering cell cycle and absorbed dose per cell nucleus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are thought to be the main cause of cell death after irradiation. In this study, we estimated the probability distribution of the number of DSBs per cell nucleus by considering the DNA amount in a cell nucleus (which depends on the cell cycle) and the statistical variation in the energy imparted to the cell nucleus by X-ray irradiation. The probability estimation of DSB induction was made following these procedures: (i) making use of the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO)-K1 cell line as the target example, the amounts of DNA per nucleus in the logarithmic and the plateau phases of the growth curve were measured by flow cytometry with propidium iodide (PI) dyeing; (ii) the probability distribution of the DSB number per cell nucleus for each phase after irradiation with 1.0 Gy of 200 kVp X-rays was measured by means of γ-H2AX immunofluorescent staining; (iii) the distribution of the cell-specific energy deposition via secondary electrons produced by the incident X-rays was calculated by WLTrack (in-house Monte Carlo code); (iv) according to a mathematical model for estimating the DSB number per nucleus, we deduced the induction probability density of DSBs based on the measured DNA amount (depending on the cell cycle) and the calculated dose per nucleus. The model exhibited DSB induction probabilities in good agreement with the experimental results for the two phases, suggesting that the DNA amount (depending on the cell cycle) and the statistical variation in the local energy deposition are essential for estimating the DSB induction probability after X-ray exposure.
Analisis Wacana pada Percakapan Film “Ice Cold: Murder, Coffee and Jessica Wongso” dalam Mempengaruhi Opini Publik

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Public opinion can be formed or influenced through various media that contain it. Through documentary films, an event can be raised to be reviewed in a different form. One of them is a documentary film produced by Netflix with the title “Ice Cold: Murder, Coffee and Jessica Wongso”. The movie presents a collection of conversations and new facts that the public did not know before. The purpose of this research is to find out what forms of conversation in movies can shape and influence public opinion. This research uses the method of conversation analysis syntagmatic discourse analysis with the approach of perlocution speech act theory. The results of this study found 6 classifications of perlocutionary speech acts that are able to influence public opinion, namely anger, request, order, confusion, affirmation, annoyance
P075 Mendelian randomization studies of lifestyle-related risk factors for osteoarthritis: a PRISMA review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background/Aims Risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) often exert effects over protracted time-courses. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies therefore have an advantage over conventional observational studies when studying the causal effect of long-term lifestyle-related risk factors on OA. However, given the heterogeneous design of existing MR studies on OA, the reported causal estimates of these effects remain inconsistent, thus obscuring the true extent of the biological effects of OA lifestyle-risk factors. Methods We conducted a PRISMA systematic review and specifically included MR studies that investigated the causal effect between lifestyle-related risk factors and OA, where causal estimates for various lifestyle factors were pooled for meta-analysis. Quality of studies was assessed according to STROBE-MR guidelines. Results A total of 1576 studies were evaluated and 23 were included. Overall, the studies included were of high quality and had a low risk of bias. Our meta-analysis demonstrates the positive causal effect of BMI (ORIVW-random effects 1.49 [1.23-1.80]) and negative causal effects of serum calcium (ORIVW-random effects 0.69 [0.57-0.83]) and LDL levels (ORIVW-random effects 0.93 [0.90-0.96]) on OA. Conclusion Despite the heterogeneous designs and estimates of causal effects provided by various MR studies, our meta-analysis suggests that lifestyle-related risk factors in the form of BMI, serum calcium, and LDL have true biological effects on the development of OA. Disclosure J. Ho: None. C. Mak: None.
Changes in adenylate energy charge in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells deprived of serum, glucose, or amino acids.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The adenylate energy charge in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells increases when cells are cultivated in serum-limiting medium and decreases when they are incubated in glucose- or amino acid-limited media. Protein synthetic rates decrease in cells deprived of serum, glucose, or amino acids. Supplementation of deprived cells with respective nutrients restores normal protein synthetic rates and adenylate energy charge values. Serum-deprived cells incubated in depleted serum media do not increase their rates of protein synthesis and their adenylate energy charge remains elevated. These results suggest that serum factors regulate protein synthetic rates by mechanisms other than those regulating the availability in cells of glucose or of amino acids. The increased rates of utilization of glucose and of amino acids following the addition of serum are probably due to increased biosynthetic requirements.
Strain-stress simulation and comparison of different welding sequences during manufacturing of packing vacuum cover

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Double ellipsoid heat source model was used to simulate the welding strain-stress evolution during the welding of a vacuum cover for packing machine. Results showed that each welding process has influence about the deformation and residual stress distribution over product. Stress concentration area was found in an area of the cover and the improved structure, manufacturing technologies were proposed to minimize residual stress after simulation and comparison of different manufacturing process, it is an available method to improve the product quality and reduce residual stresses.
The Evolution of a German Teleradiology System

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper describes the evolution of a german teleradiology system. The development started from simple image file transfer, continued with a dedicated teleradiology system and ended up with a general radiology workstation with teleradiology features. The main features, advantages and drawbacks of the different generations are described. The own developments are compared with developments at other places. The influence by standards is also included in this investigation. The latest systems are mainly used by the radiologists and the image transfer for scientific cooperation is nowadays just one of several application fields of teleradiology.
When to undertake live work — A New Zealand case study on a structured approach to balancing risk

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Amendments to the New Zealand health and safety at work legislation placed an increasing focus upon live work activities within the electricity transmission and distribution industry - particularly processes to be applied to reflect regulatory and legislative requirements to eliminate risks to health and safety, so far as reasonably practicable. While the New Zealand electricity supply industry has been undertaking high voltage live work since the 1920s and had adopted international practices around “how” to undertake live work there was no single industry wide framework around “when” live work should be considered as the preferred work method to undertake a task. The Electricity Engineers' Association of New Zealand working with management and staff in the transmission and distribution companies and their contracting service providers prepared and consulted a guide that provided a common transparent national framework to help them determine whether a de-energised or live line work method (or a combination of both) was the best method to undertake a task. The guide starts from a position that all work shall be undertaken de-energised then enables each company to address three key questions to ensure risks are identified and assessed to achieve a “balance of risk” outcome: a) Is it unreasonable in all the circumstances for it to be de-energised; and b) Is it reasonable in all the circumstances for the employee to be at work on it while it is live; and c) Are suitable precautions (including where necessary the provision of suitable protective equipment) taken to prevent harm. The paper will cover key elements of the guide and provide an update on its implementation into the New Zealand electricity supply industry.
Finite element approximation of coupled seismic and electromagnetic waves in fluid‐saturated poroviscoelastic media

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This work presents a collection of global and iterative finite element procedures for the numerical approximation of coupled seismic and electromagnetic waves in 2D bounded fluid‐saturated porous media, with absorbing boundary conditions at the artificial boundaries. The equations being analyzed are the coupled Biot's equations of motion and Maxwell equations in the diffusive range. Both seismoelectric and electroseismic coupling are simultaneously included and analyzed in the model. The case of compressional and vertically polarized shear waves coupled with the transverse magnetic polarization (PSVTM‐mode) is analyzed in detail, including the derivation of a priori error estimates on the global finite element procedure and results on the convergence of a domain decomposition iterative algorithm. Later, the corresponding results for the case of horizontally polarized shear waves coupled with the transverse electric polarization (SHTE‐mode) are stated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2011
Tokyo Tech's CubeSat CUTE-1: Operation reports and analyses of pico-satellite dynamics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

At Laboratory for Space Systems, Tokyo Institute of Technology, students had designed and fabricated a pico-satellite (1 kg, 10 cm cube), named CUTE-1. CUTE-1 was successfully launched at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russia aboard ROCKOT on Jun 30, 2003, and is properly working. CUTE-1 has three missions. First one is communication, second one is attitude and temperature sensing, and third one is deployment of antennas and solar paddle. The objectives of these missions are to establish bus component design for pico-satellites like the CubeSat. At first, this paper mentions the system overview of CUTE-1 and the procedure from launch to injection into the orbit. Second, results of temperature and angular velocity measurement are described as the operation reports. Third, analyses of nano satellite dynamics is explained using CUTE-1's telemetry data. Especially, the effect of deployment of antenna and solar paddle is examined using the angular velocity calculated gyro data on CUTE-1. Furthermore, the angular velocity during steady rotation is compared with the motion of a vector toward Sun, which is estimated using current data of each solar cell array.
Vocbench: A Neural Vocoder Benchmark for Speech Synthesis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Neural vocoders, used for converting the spectral representations of an audio signal to the waveforms, are a commonly used component in speech synthesis pipelines. It focuses on synthesizing waveforms from low-dimensional representation, such as Mel-Spectrograms. In recent years, different approaches have been introduced to develop such vocoders. However, it becomes more challenging to assess these new vocoders and compare their performance to previous ones. To address this problem, we present VocBench, a framework that benchmark the performance of state-of-the-art neural vocoders. VocBench uses a systematic study to evaluate different neural vocoders in a shared environment that enables a fair comparison between them. In our experiments, we use the same setup for datasets, training pipeline, and evaluation metrics for all neural vocoders. We perform a subjective and objective evaluation to compare the performance of each vocoder along a different axis. Our results demonstrate that the framework can show competitive efficacy and quality of the synthesized samples for each vocoder. VocBench framework is available at https://github.com/facebookresearch/vocoder-benchmark.
Enhancing Luminol Electrochemiluminescence by Combined Use of Cobalt-Based Metal Organic Frameworks and Silver Nanoparticles and Its Application in Ultrasensitive Detection of Cardiac Troponin I

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has emerged as one of the most important methods for in vitro diagnosis and detection, but it is still limited in sensitivity for ultrasensitive biodetections. Fast and ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules is critical, especially for the clinical detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) for cardiac infarction diagnosis. In this study, an effective tactic was developed to enhance ECL efficiency of the luminol system, by combined use of Co2+-based metal organic frameworks (MOF), zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-67), and luminol-capped Ag nanoparticles (luminol-AgNPs). The integration leads to a pronounced ∼115-fold enhancement in luminol ECL. On the basis of this fascinating sensing platform, a robust label-free ECL immunosensor was constructed for ultrasensitive detection of cTnI, the main marker of myocardial infarction, with good stability and a detection limit as low as 0.58 fg mL-1 (S/N = 3).
Home delivery: the impact

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Over 40% of all retailing is predicted to be via home shopping by 2005, according to management consultants, Kurt Salmon Associates. At their recent debate on the issue, it was broadly agreed that the main resulting logistics challenge will be the final delivery through the customers' front door. This development of the supply chain could have important traffic impacts, and will be conditioned by a split emerging in the way services are set up for food versus non-food goods. This article provides a brief assessment of the transport implications of such developments
[Pheochromocytoma and sudden death (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Five cases of pheochromocytoma are described in which sudden death was the form of the initial clinical presentation in almost all of them. After a brief review on the history and the incidence of the tumor within the general population, diverse cases are analyzed from a clinical point of view and in relation to the data appeared in the literature. In the analysis of the symptoms emphasis is placed on the important psychomotor manifestations which are present in the majority of those patients and which causes serious difficulties in the initial diagnosis. All of the patients showed signs of shock at the time of being observed or during the course of this observation, and in the majority of them the presence of acute pulmonary edema was confirmed; facts which we attribute to an initial hypertensive episode associated to a left heart failure. The onset of the crisis in two patients was related to known triggering factors: anesthesia and sulpiride. In other two patients associated conditions were diagnosed: medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland in one of them, and cystic necrosis of the middle layer of the aorta in the other.
Traumatic Injuries in Off-Road Bicycling

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two hundred sixty-five members of 21 off-road cycling clubs in 12 states completed a four-page questionnaire regarding their riding habits and injury history for the 1992 cycling season. The response rate was 62.4%. Of those surveyed, 85.7% reported injuries that were sustained while mountain biking during the preceding 12 months, with abrasions, contusions, and lacerations being reported most frequently. Injuries were considered significant if the cyclist sought medical attention for the injury and was unable to ride for at least 1 day due to the injury. Sixty injuries met these criteria. Of those, 90% were traumatic in nature, making the incidence of significant traumatic injury 20.4% in this group for the year studied. Fractures were the most common significant traumatic injury reported. The shoulder complex was the most commonly injured anatomic region. Loss of control, high-speed descent, and competitive activity level were identified as variables associated with traumatic injury. Competitive activity level was the only independent risk factor positively associated with traumatic injury, with an adjusted odds ratio of 4.24 (p < 0.0001).