jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Community security of indigenous peoples in the Barents Region

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter addresses community security in the context of the Barents Region. Community security is one indicator that forms the broad concept of human security, and is closely interrelated with other aspects of human security, including environmental, political, economic, health and personal security. The community security is directly linked to the realisation of human rights, which seek to ensure states and international actors meet their obligations to respect, protect and preserve the rights of individuals and communities. However, community security is not exclusively defined through legal collective rights, and requires definition through the framework of human security. The chapter explains the 'external components' to analyse and discuss threats to indigenous community security in the Barents Region. Discrimination against indigenous people in the Barents Region and the trauma of assimilation processes are also connected to the right to utilise traditional land and resources. In the Barents Region, the preservation of indigenous languages varies between Russia and the Nordic countries.
An investigation of time-dependent ozone (O3) concentration using Geographic Information System: a case study in Central of Bangkok, Thailand

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 7 million people die each year due to exposure to polluted air. Ground-level ozone is one of the air pollutants that forms as a result of chemical reactions, specifically through photochemical processes. This study utilized GIS to investigate the ozone concentration in 29 districts in Central Bangkok, Thailand, aiming to assess the health risks associated with ozone and compare them with standard values. According to this study, the ozone concentration in the Bangkok area is generally low during the time range of 01:00 - 08:00 and 17:00 - 00:00, while it tends to be high during the daytime (from 9:00 - 16:00). The highest ozone concentration exceeding the defined safe limit (> 100 ppb) for a short duration (1 hour) occurred in Pubpla during the study period. Additionally, some districts, namely Bang Na, Phra Khanong, Suan Luang, Bang Kapi, and Wang Thonglang, experienced ozone concentrations surpassing the average standard limit (>70 ppb) over an 8-hour period. The high ozone concentrations in these areas can be attributed to their dense population. The increased usage of motor vehicles and high temperatures during working hours contribute to the ease of ozone formation at the surface.
Evaluation of antioxidant activity of grapevine leaves extracts (Vitis labrusca) in liver of Wistar rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotection of organic and conventional grapevine leaves extract (Vitis labrusca). The total polyphenol content and the isolate polyphenols by HPLC were evaluate. The animals received intraperitoneal injections of saline or extracts (conventional or organic - 30 mg/kg) for 14 days. On day 15, the rats received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or mineral oil (i.p.). After 4h, the animals were euthanized. The analysis of the liver enzymes activity (AST, ALT, GGT) was performed using serum, obtained by blood and the levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein oxidation (carbonyl), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were analyzed in the liver. The results showed that the organic extract is richer in polyphenol and resveratrol than the conventional one. Both extracts prevent lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation generated by CCl4. Moreover, the extracts demonstrated ability to modulate the activity of SOD and CAT, as well as to establish a balance in the ratio of SOD/CAT. We also found that the CCl4 increased the levels of AST and GGT, and that both extracts prevent this. These results indicate that grapevine leaves extracts, both, organic and conventional, can prevent liver disorders.
Numerical Modeling of Wave Processes in Multilayered Media with Gas-Containing Layers: Comparison of 2D and 3D Models

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Today, the exploration of the Arctic region is one of the most important direction of research in our country, because large amounts of unexplored oil and gas deposits are located there. Large hydrocarbon deposits are situated within the Northern seas. Their development is complicated by gas explosions resulting from an accidental opening and further spread of the gas. Since the region with gas layers cannot be frequently monitored, an area with already detected gas deposits is numerically modeled instead. In this work, seismic waves propagating in multilayered geological models with gas-containing inclusions were numerically modeled over a four-year interval by applying the grid-characteristic method. Wave patterns of seismic reflections and seismograms for the described problem were obtained. The wave patterns and seismograms obtained in the two- and three-dimensional cases were compared. The results were found to be in good agreement.
Molecular Biomarkers for the Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer: Guideline From the American Society for Clinical Pathology, College of American Pathologists, Association for Molecular Pathology, and American Society of Clinical Oncology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: - To develop evidence-based guideline recommendations through a systematic review of the literature to establish standard molecular biomarker testing of colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues to guide epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapies and conventional chemotherapy regimens. METHODS: - The American Society for Clinical Pathology, College of American Pathologists, Association for Molecular Pathology, and American Society of Clinical Oncology convened an expert panel to develop an evidence-based guideline to establish standard molecular biomarker testing and guide therapies for patients with CRC. A comprehensive literature search that included more than 4,000 articles was conducted. RESULTS: - Twenty-one guideline statements were established. CONCLUSIONS: - Evidence supports mutational testing for EGFR signaling pathway genes, since they provide clinically actionable information as negative predictors of benefit to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody therapies for targeted therapy of CRC. Mutations in several of the biomarkers have clear prognostic value. Laboratory approaches to operationalize CRC molecular testing are presented.
Comparison of sports sciences and education faculty students aggression scores

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to compare the aggression scores of Sports Sciences Faculty and Education Faculty students and also to examine the effects of some demographic variables on aggression. Two hundred Sports Sciences Faculty students (who engage in sporting activities four days a week for two hours) and 200 Education Faculty students (who do not engage in sports) participated in the study. The Aggressiveness Inventory was used to determine the aggression scores which has three sub-dimensions, such as disruptive aggression (DA), assertiveness (AS) and passive aggression (PA). General Aggression Scores (GAS) was examined. DA, PA and GAS scores were not found to be significantly different between two faculties (p>0.05); only the AS scores of Physical Education students were higher than the scores of Education Faculty students (p<0.05). In conclusion, participation in sports increases assertiveness but the level of aggression does not change because of gender. Assertiveness levels increased as the educational class study increased. Smoking and drinking increased the levels of DA and GA. Key words: Sports, aggression, assertiveness.
Circulating Cell Free Nuclear DNA, Mitochondrial DNA and Global DNA Methylation: Potential Noninvasive Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eighty seven women with benign breast lesion, 120 patients with breast cancer (BC) and one hundred controls were included in the study. Quantification of mtDNA and nDNA was done by qPCR. Global DNA methylation was measured using ELISA. Circulating cell-free nDNA and mtDNA were significantly elevated in BC and benign breast lesions patients. Global methylation was significantly low in BC patients. Combining the studied parameters in one panel, nDNA/mtDNA/hypomethylation, improved their sensitivity in detecting BC to reach 92.5%. Circulating cell-free nDNA, mtDNA and global DNA hypomethylation can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for BC.
Evaluating the Effects of Supplementation with Calcium, Vitamin D, or Their Combination on Lipid Profile and Body Weight in Overweight Military Personnel

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives: Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide and it has been reported that the prevalence of overweightness and dyslipidemia increases in military personnel. This study was designed to evaluate the independent or combined effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood lipid profile and body weight in overweight military male personnel. Methods: Overall, 120 overweight males were allocated to 4 groups, including 1, Calcium supplementation (2 tablets per day; each containing 500 mg of calcium carbonate); 2, vitamin D supplementation (2 tablets per day; each containing 200 IU of vitamin D3); 3, Ca + Vit D supplementation (2 tablets per day; each containing 500 mg calcium carbonate plus 200 IU vitamin D3); and 4, Placebo (2 tablets per day, containing micro-cellulose). In all groups, blood lipid, body weight, and anthropometric indices were measured at baseline and after 6 weeks. Changes of lipid profile and body weight following intervention were calculated as before minus after the intervention. Data was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukeyâs post hoc test. Results: Serum triglycerides and total cholesterol significantly decreased in the calcium-treated group more than the other groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, LDL and body weight significantly decreased in Ca + Vit D treated group more than the other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: It seems that Ca or Ca plus Vit D supplements decrease triglycerides, total Cholesterol, LDL, and body weight in overweight patients.
Understanding How People Reason about Aesthetic Evaluations of Artificial Intelligence

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are making remarkable achievements even in creative fields such as aesthetics. However, whether those outside the machine learning (ML) community can sufficiently interpret or agree with their results, especially in such highly subjective domains, is being questioned. In this paper, we try to understand how different user communities reason about AI algorithm results in subjective domains. We designed AI Mirror, a research probe that tells users the algorithmically predicted aesthetic scores of photographs. We conducted a user study of the system with 18 participants from three different groups: AI/ML experts, domain experts (photographers), and general public members. They performed tasks consisting of taking photos and reasoning about AI Mirror's prediction algorithm with think-aloud sessions, surveys, and interviews. The results showed the following: (1) Users understood the AI using their own group-specific expertise; (2) Users employed various strategies to close the gap between their judgments and AI predictions overtime; (3) The difference between users' thoughts and AI pre-dictions was negatively related with users' perceptions of the AI's interpretability and reasonability. We also discuss design considerations for AI-infused systems in subjective domains.
DISCOVERY OF A SUBSTELLAR COMPANION TO THE K2 III GIANT DRACONIS1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report precise radial velocity measurements of the K giant Dra (HD 137759, HR 5744, HIP 75458), carried out at Lick Observatory, which reveal the presence of a substellar companion orbiting the primary star. A Keplerian fit to the data yields an orbital period of about 536 days and an eccentricity of 0.70. Assum-ing a mass of 1.05 M for Dra, the mass function implies a minimum companion mass m2 sin i of 8.9 MJ, making it a planet candidate. The corresponding semimajor axis is 1.3 AU. The nondetection of the orbital motion byHipparcos allows us to place an upper limit of 45MJ on the companion mass, establishing the sub-stellar nature of the object. We estimate that transits in this system could occur already for inclinations as low as 81=5, as a result of the large diameter of the giant star. The companion to Dra is the first brown dwarf or planet found to orbit a giant rather than a main-sequence star. Subject headings: astrometry — planetary systems — stars: individual (Draconis) On-line material: color figures 1.
The role of family environment in an ecological study of preschool children attending family day care

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis is an exploratory ecological study of the role of the family environment as it relates to a number of variables under investigation in the Vancouver Day Care Research Project's extensive contextual study of children enrolled in family day care settings. These variables include child language scores, indices of socio-economic status, conditions of maternal employment and attitudes related to maternal employment, other measures of the home environment, and parental attitudes to childrearing. In addition, the family environments of the family day care caregivers were examined in relation to the quality of care provided. The Moos Family Environment Scale (1986) was administered to parents and caregivers enrolled in the study. Scores from its ten subscales were correlated with measures of the variables of interest and then tested for significance. Data was then analyzed for important trends, patterns and highlights. Results showed that exposure of family members to stimulating ideas and activities is facilitative of child language skills, while an emphasis on achievement seems to have a negative effect. Families from higher socio-economic status homes seemed to be more likely to provide these opportunities for their children, particularly if they are well-educated. Findings also indicate that mothers who are satisfied with their employment tend to provide more positive family environments for their children than those who are working reluctantly. Mothers who worked part-time also appeared to provide better family environments than did those who experienced the increased stress of full-time employment. Adult-centered parenting values which stressed obedience were associated with family environments which were less facilitative of child cognitive development, whereas homes with child-centered parenting values appeared to be more positive. Family day care caregivers who provided superior childcare were found to be more organized in their own families, more supportive of one another, and more able to allow their family members to function independently than were other caregivers. There was considerable overlap in the results for each variable of interest; many similar features were found in the environments which were considered optimal in terms of language development, socio-economic factors, conditions of maternal employment, attitudes to childrearing, and high quality care for children. The study results strongly support the importance of exposure to a wide range of intellectual and cultural stimuli, participation in activities outside the home, expression of feelings amongst family members, and well-organized family functioning in the creation of optimal family environments; an emphasis on achievement, and the use of rigid rules and doctrine were found to be deleterious to the creation of positive home environments.
Lessons to be learned: a case study approach: Metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma presenting as a gluteal abscess

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is well known that bronchogenic carcinoma frequently metastasises to the bony skeleton, but it is most unusual for it to present in the form of a musculoskeletal abscess. Presented here is the case report of a patient with what appeared initially to be a right sided gluteal abscess and which turned out to be the metastasis from a bronchogenic carcinoma. The Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) scan carried out proved to be very helpful in arriving at a probable clinical diagnosis; however, it was histopathological studies of the abscess wall itself that ultimately gave the definitive diagnosis. We believe that this may represent one of the first documented cases in which an MRI scan has been used to confirm the presence of a gluteal abscess.
Monitoring pig behaviour by RFID registrations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Automation of the monitoring of pig behaviour can support management; deviating behaviour can be an indicator for disease or other disturbances. Registrations of RFID at specific places in a pen can be used to estimate the individual pig behaviour in order to detect abnormalities in drinking and eating behaviour. LF RFID tags were applied to pigs in the period from weaning until the start of the fattening phase. This was done in several experiments at the Dutch Swine Innovation Centre in the South of the Netherlands. In each experiment, 12 pigs were monitored, each equipped with a RFID tag in the right ear. Three readers were installed at the drinking place: (1) and at the feeding trough (2) video recordings were available to validate the results from the processed RFID readings. The performance of the system depended on the established reading distance of the readers. Tag readings were combined into visits by applying a bout criterion. Visits were combined into meals by applying a meal criterion. A good correspondence between tag readings and observed visits was found. A longer reading distance resulted in more tag readings that did not coincide with eating or drinking (but with resting behaviour nearby). Combining the two readers at the feeding trough as if they were one gave better results. The derived visits and meals can be used for detection of deviations on the number per pig per day (or per pig per part of the day). This automated detection can be a valuable tool in pig farming.
Simultaneous detection and quantification of zeatin and kinetin in coconut water using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with a simple step solid phase extraction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Trans-zeatin and kinetin are two cytokinin family members that exhibit an anti-aging effect on human fibroblast cells. These cytokinins can be found in coconut water and in the xylem sap of most plants. This study describes the first attempt of a simultaneous separation of zeatin and kinetin using a simple C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) method coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). This method provided high recoveries of 95.2 and 98.6% for trans-zeatin and kinetin, respectively. Malayan Green Dwarf, a local coconut variety, was found to contain 14 μg/L trans-zeatin and 4 μg/L kinetin. This method will be useful for comprehensive research on different coconut varieties and determining the contents of cytokinins in coconut water.
Development of electronic load controller for IAG based standalone hydro power generation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An electronic load controller (ELC) is developed for an isolated asynchronous generator (IAG) to feed 3-phase, 4-wire consumer loads in a small hydro power generation system. This ELC consists of ac capacitors, voltage source converter (VSC) with a dc capacitor, a chopper, an auxiliary load at its dc bus, a star/hexagon transformer, consumer loads and it is implemented using synchronous-reference-frame (SRF) theory. This ELC provides a viable and cost-effective solution to achieve voltage and frequency control, harmonic elimination and load balancing for linear and nonlinear loads. Test results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of ELC for the IAG system.
Difficult birth, difficult life?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this thesis was to study associations of perinatal conditions with cognitive and psychiatric problems in later life. Most epidemiological studies on the effects of perinatal circumstances on future (mental) health focus on specific obstetric complications – like complications during delivery, low birth weight, or maternal smoking during pregnancy – as specific risk factors for specific disorders. However, pregnancy and delivery are complex processes, and isolated obstetric complications rare and often accompanied or followed by a number of others.
Force generation and relaxation at the sarcomere level

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sarcomeres are modeled by parallel and series arrangements of thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments whose masses are considered. Contractile force is generated by viscoelastic crossbridge bonds which link the filaments. If bond formation is not perfectly synchronous throughout the sarcomere, small movements of thick with respect to thin filaments result. Such movements lead to bond detachment hence muscle relaxation is proposed to be a mechanism intrinsic to muscle structure and activation mode.< >
O'RTA TA'LIMDA YOSH AVLODNING AXBOROT MADANIYATINI VA UNING MAFKURAVIY DARAJASINI YAXSHILASHNING AHAMIYATI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ushbu maqolada o'quvchilar ongida informatikaning fan sifatidagi o'rni hamda uning boshqa tarmoqlarining maqsad va vazifalari haqida fikr bildirilgan. Shuningdek, o'rta ta'limning asosiy vazifalaridan biri yosh avlodga axborot madaniyatini va uning mafkuraviy darajasini har tomonlama yaxshilash to'g'risida malumotlar keltirilgan.
MANY-TO-MANY FULLY CONVOLUTIONAL RECURRENT NETWORKS FOR MULTITEMPORAL CROP RECOGNITION USING SAR IMAGE SEQUENCES

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

[pt] Este trabalho propõe e avalia arquiteturas profundas para o reconhecimento de culturas agrícolas a partir de seqüências de imagens multitemporais de sensoriamento remoto. Essas arquiteturas combinam a capacidade de modelar contexto espacial prórpia de redes totalmente convolucionais com a capacidade de modelr o contexto temporal de redes recorrentes para a previsão prever culturas agrícolas em cada data de uma seqüência de imagens multitemporais. O desempenho destes métodos é avaliado em dois conjuntos de dados públicos. Ambas as áreas apresentam alta dinâmica espaçotemporal devido ao clima tropical/subtropical e a práticas agrícolas locais, como a rotação de culturas. Nos experimentos verificou-se que as arquiteturas propostas superaram os métodos recentes baseados em redes recorrentes em termos de Overall Accuracy (OA) e F1-score médio por classe.
Model reconstructions with depth information

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Kinect Image and Depth Sensor has been widely used by researchers and students as image sensing and acquisition device. Although Kinect was initially designed solely for gaming purposes, it has shown great potential to developers and researchers of possible application beyond its intended purpose. Although Kinect has been on the market for nearly 2 years and numerous development and research have been done on it, it is still relatively new to an under-graduate such as myself. Therefore, this project focuses on understanding the working principles of Kinect and explores the capabilities of the Xbox 360 Kinect sensor. The project eventually focuses on two aspects of the Kinect sensor, namely RGB image sensor and depth sensor. The project can be broken down into 2 major portions. First, image acquisition is performed using Kinect by utilizing the OpenNI framework and developed using C++ on Microsoft Visual Studio 2008. Then, the collected RGB and depth data will be written into Matlab to perform real-time 3D image reconstruction.