jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Material and Immaterial Walls in Contemporary International Law:consequences on human rights, fundamental freedoms, security and the environment: An Introduction to the Forum

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The recent trend of building up border walls and fences or of establishing immaterial frontiers to prevent third countries' nationals from entering countries or to make this possibility harder.This trend has acquired a particular importance and meaning in places such as many European countries or the USA, but also in different areas in Asia or Africa.However, the recourse to these obstacles, be them material or immaterial ones, has put some important International Law concepts and cornerstone categories at risk, weakening international refugee law norms but also distorting some basic concepts of the law of the sea in the case of Europe, the access to water in the Americas or, more in general, international human rights law all over the world.But also border walls and fences are deeply harming the environment, causing great potential harm to animal species.While sociologists, anthropologists and political scientists have developed in-depth analysis on the issue, International Law has barely paid attention to this renovated phenomenon beyond classical studies pointing to the border wall on Palestinian territory or the USA-Mexico fence.The absence of any legal reflection on these problems implies, on the one hand, ignoring nowadays a new trend in understanding International Law.On the other hand, a unilateral point of view considers only security reasons which might run counter International Law hardcore values and concepts, strengthening a more regressive view of it as a cosmopolitan legal order.
Effects of SnO2 Addition on the Synthesis of Magnesium Aluminate Spinel Microplatelets

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to prepare platelet-like spinel expected as the reinforcing phase, different amounts (5 – 20 at %) of SnO2 were added into the mixture of magnesia and alumina platelets, and then heated at 1300 – 1600 °C for 5 h. Effects of SnO2 addition on the synthesis of magnesium aluminate spinel microplatelets were investigated. The synthesized spinel was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Spinel platelets like “sesame cookie” formed derived from platelet alumina based on the template process. The highest spinel content in samples with 10 % of SnO2 addition achieved. The amount of Al2O3 and SnO2 in solid solution and degree of orneriness for spinel depended on SnO2 addition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.24.1.17530
Growth and carcass characteristics of heavy slaughter weight lambs: effects of sire breed and sex of lamb and relationships to serum metabolites and IGF-1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Texel (T) and Suffolk (S) sired ram, wether and ewe lambs (no = 180) were kept at grass with their dams until weaned at 20 weeks and then taken to slaughter weights of 40, 44 and 48 kg, also at grass. Sex type, but not sire breed, affected lamb growth rate (rams 293, wethers 253, ewes 224 g/day; P < 0·001). Both T and S ewe lambs were fatter at slaughter in all fat depots compared with their ram and wether siblings such that rams could be slaughtered at a calculated 7·7 kg greater live weight than ewes at equal carcass fat cover. T carcasses were greater than S carcasses in eye-muscle area (793 v. 732 mm2; P < 0·001) and killing-out proportion (481 v. 476 g/kg; P < 0·05) but not in any fat measurement. Slaughter weight influenced killing-out proportion (P < 0·001) and all fat measurements (P < 0·01) but did not significantly affect eye-muscle area. Mean serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations (μig/l), determined during weeks 8,11, 14, 17 and 20 in a balanced subset of 84 lambs, were higher in T than in S lambs (P < 0·05), in singles than in twins (P < 0·01; rams and wethers only) and in rams than in either wethers or ewes (P < 0·001). Mean serum IGF-1 concentration decreased between week 8 and week 20 with a greater rate of decline in singles than in twins (P < 0·001). IGF-1 was more strongly correlated with live weight at 8 weeks (r = 0·629; P< 0·001) than at 20 weeks (r = 0·293; P < 0·05). Mean IGF-1 (weeks 8 to 20) was correlated with rate of live-weight change (r = 0·576; P < 0·001). Significant differences for T and S lambs were found in the relationships between mean serum IGF-1 (weeks 8 to 20) and daily live-weight gain (weeks 8 to 20) and between mean IGF-1 and eye-muscle area at slaughter. Metabolite concentrations differed little between sire breeds and not at all between sex types.
Post-malaria Myasthenia Gravis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a nine-year-old girl who presented with complete drooping of the left eyelid and restriction ofmedial gaze following an attack of febrile illness. The child was admitted into a rural hospital where shewas misdiagnosed and managed as a case of meningitis. She was referred to a tertiary children hospitalwhen her condition was not improving and where she developed the eye signs. She was diagnosed as a caseof severe malaria which responded well to quinine therapy. In our neurophysiology clinic, examinationrevealed partial unilateral left eye ptosis, weak frontalis, neck flexors, fingers extensors & knee flexors.Her investigations revealed positive neostigmine test, decremental response to repetitive nerve stimulation(-15.6%,nasalis), increased jitter in single-fibre electromyography (left frontalis & extensor-digitorumcommunis) and negative serology for myasthenia gravis antibodies. She showed remarkable improvementafter pyridostigmine therapy which continued for three months. Regular follow-up showed no recurrenceof her symptoms.
Significance of D2-40 and CXCL5 Expression in Urinary Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Transitional cell carcinoma remains a challenge in the oncology field, representing an ideal candidate for research on biomarkers that could identify patient's progression and prognosis.D2-40 and CXCL5 have been implicated in progression of many cancers, but their significance in urinary bladder TCC remains unclear.The aim of this study is to assess their possible significance in urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of D2-40 and CXCL5 in 50 cases of urinary bladder TCC and 10 cases of normal urothelium taken as a normal control.Statistical analysis methods were used to evaluate the relationship between D2-40 and CXCL5 and various clinicopathological parameters.Results: D2-40 was expressed in the lymphatic endothelial cytoplasm of all cases high lightening the tumor emboli in cancer lymphatic vessels.CXCL5 was found to be expressed in all urinary bladder TCC cases but not in normal control.The two markers significantly correlated with associated necrosis, tumor grade, T stage, N stage and presence of H&E detected LVI. CXCL5 was also positively correlated with presence of associated necrosis and CIS while D2-40 was insignificantly correlated with both.D2-40 detected intralymphatic tumor emboli are associated with lymph node metastasis in a highly significant correlation.Conclusions: The results suggested that CXCL5 might be involved in urinary bladder TCC carcinogenesis.It could be concluded that D2-40 and CXCL5 may have a possible role in urinary bladder TCC progression and prognosis.D2-40 might be considered as a more reliable method in predicting tumor spread and lymph node metastasis.
[IgG4-related disease in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: a clinicopathological analysis of ten cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To study clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of IgG4-related diseases (IgG4-RD) in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in patients presenting initially with rhinosinusitis or a nasal mass, who also underwent nasal mucosa biopsy in Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, from March 2016 to March 2021. According to the latest international classification diagnostic criteria of IgG4-RD published by the American Society of Rheumatology (ACR)/European Association for Rheumatology (EULAR) in 2019, 10 cases of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses IgG4-RD were diagnosed and included in the study. The clinical features, histopathology and immunohistochemical expression of IgG and IgG4 were analyzed. Results: Among the 10 patients, five patients were male and five female. The age ranged from 30 to 71 years (median 52.7 years). Nasal polyp/nasal masses were seen in six cases, and lacrimal gland swelling was found in four cases. The serum IgG and IgG4 level was increased in four cases. Microscopically, all 10 cases showed intense lymphoplasmocytic infiltration and varying degrees of fibrosis in nasal or sinus mucosa, while four cases showed occlusive vasculitis. The number of IgG4 positive plasma cells in nasal mucosa was more than 10/high power field (HPF), with a mean of 67/HPF. The number of IgG4 positive plasma cells in the cases with severe fibrosis was significantly lower than in those without. The ratio of IgG4+/IgG+plasma cells was higher than 40% in six cases. Conclusions: IgG4-RD in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is a local manifestation of a systemic disease, while nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are rarely involved by IgG4-RD. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, imaging, IgG4-related serology and histopathologic scores. Histopathology has a core diagnostic value. IgG4 serology and imaging have important diagnostic values in the cases without biopsy.
Importance of Spontaneous Closure of the Ventricular Part in Atrioventricular Septal Defect.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The clinical features, hemodynamic changes and prognosis of 21 children with simple atrioventricular septal defect (3 associated with patent ductus arteriosus) were studied during a follow-up period of 1 month to 13 3/12 years (median 3 years). Six patients had spontaneous closure of the ventricular part of the defect within 22.2 +/- 27.7 months (Group I). The symptoms and signs of failure to thrive, frequent respiratory tract infections and congestive heart failure were more common in patients without spontaneous closure of the ventricular part of atrioventricular septal defect (Group II) than in patients in Group I. The Qp/Qs ratio, pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary to systemic resistance ratio were also higher in Group II than in Group I. In spite of a higher postoperative mortality rate and a higher incidence of transient complete heart block, the children in Group II also had a significantly higher (p less than 0.005) preoperative mortality rate than those in Group I. In conclusion, if the ventricular part of the atrioventricular septal defect closed or was closing spontaneously, symptoms and signs were less severe and there was a better prognosis.
Quantized Distributed Reception for MIMO Wireless Systems Using Spatial Multiplexing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study a quantized distributed reception scenario in which a transmitter equipped with multiple antennas sends multiple streams via spatial multiplexing to a large number of geographically separated single antenna receive nodes. This approach is applicable to scenarios such as those enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT) which holds much commercial potential and could facilitate distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication in future systems. The receive nodes quantize their received signals and forward the quantized received signals to a receive fusion center. With global channel knowledge and forwarded quantized information from the receive nodes, the fusion center attempts to decode the transmitted symbols. We assume the transmit vector consists of arbitrary constellation points, and each receive node quantizes its received signal with one bit for each of the real and imaginary parts of the signal to minimize the transmission overhead between the receive nodes and the fusion center. Fusing this data is a nontrivial problem because the receive nodes cannot decode the transmitted symbols before quantization. We develop an optimal maximum likelihood (ML) receiver and a low-complexity zero-forcing (ZF)-type receiver at the fusion center. Despite its suboptimality, the ZF-type receiver is simple to implement and shows comparable performance with the ML receiver in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime but experiences an error rate floor at high SNR. It is shown that this error floor can be overcome by increasing the number of receive nodes.
Campylobacteraceae

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Cam.py.lo.bac.ter.a' ce.ae. M.L. masc. n. Campylobacter type genus of the family; suff. -aceae denoting family; M.L. masc. pl. n. Campylobacteraceae, the Campylobacter family. Proteobacteria / Epsilonproteobacteria / Campylobacterales / Campylobacteraceae
Cardiac implantable electrical devices: bioethics and management issues near the end of life.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIEDs) are extremely sophisticated modern devices that provide patients with many beneficial effects, including increased survival and enhanced quality of life. CIEDs, however, may complicate and unnecessarily prolong the process of dying from terminal illnesses. A rational plan for CIED deactivation near the end of life should therefore be carefully drawn up well in advance by the patient in concert with loved ones and treating physicians.
Low-temperature volumetric properties of methane

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow-temperature volumetric properties of methaneAlan J. Vennix, Thomas W. Leland Jr., and Riki KobayashiCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1970, 15, 2, 238–243Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60045a029https://doi.org/10.1021/je60045a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views180Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crystallization Features of Rapidly Quenched Ti50Ni20Cu30 Amorphous Alloys after High-Pressure Torsion

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The effect of severe plastic deformation under high-pressure torsion (HPT) on the structural properties of rapidly quenched alloys belonging to the quasi-binary TiNi–TiCu system containing 30 at % of copper was studied. The studies were performed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Structural studies have demonstrated that the high-pressure torsion of the amorphous Ti50Ni20Cu30 alloy leads to the partial nanocrystallization of its amorphous state. An increase in the strain value leads to an appreciable change in the character of crystallization in the DSC curves. The crystallization peaks split in the region of lower temperatures; i.e., the regions of possible low-temperature crystallization are formed. It has been established that high-pressure torsion decreases the crystallization heat of alloys with a high copper content after heating with respect to their initial amorphous state obtained after melt quenching. After DSC crystallization, the structure heterogeneous in a specimen cross section with stratification of its structural elements by sizes was formed in the alloy. The structure formed in the regions of the partial nanocrystallization of the amorphous state after crystallization was more finely grained than the structure in the major specimen volume. The obtained results convincingly demonstrate the effect of high-pressure torsion on the formation of a crystalline structure from the amorphous Ti50Ni20Cu30 alloys.
Evaluation of sample effects on alcohol metabolizing enzyme activity and hangover relief in a mouse model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Alcohol is metabolized to acetaldehyde and acetate mainly by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Acetaldehyde accumulation is a key factor in hangover symptoms and alcohol-induced toxicity. In this study, we have investigated the effects of a Morning Care series on ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism in male and female mice. Blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations, ADH and ALDH activities in the blood and liver, and hepatic gene expression were measured at multiple time points after ethanol administration. EX PREMIUM, a hangover-relief beverage developed by Dong-A Pharm, significantly reduced blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations and enhanced ADH and ALDH activities, accompanied by the upregulation of ADH and ALDH gene expression. These effects were consistently observed in both sexes. These results have suggested that EX PREMIUM effectively promotes alcohol metabolism, facilitates acetaldehyde clearance, and may contribute to alleviating alcohol-induced toxicity and hangover symptoms.
Joint k‐b space diffusion‐weighted image reconstruction and apparent diffusion coefficient fitting for diffusion‐weighted turbo‐spin‐echo imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Diffusion‐weighted (DW) turbo‐spin‐echo (TSE) imaging offers improved geometric fidelity compared to single‐shot echo‐planar‐imaging (EPI). However, it suffers from low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and prolonged acquisition times, thereby restricting its applications in diagnosis and MRI‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT). Purpose To develop a joint k‐b space reconstruction algorithm for concurrent reconstruction of DW‐TSE images and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map with enhanced image quality and more accurate quantitative measurements. Methods The joint k‐b reconstruction model was formulated as an optimization problem subject to a self‐consistency condition comprising the exponential decay relationship between DW images and the ADC map. The objective function included a data fidelity term confirming an agreement between the reconstructed images and measured k‐space data, incorporating the mono‐exponential decay relationship between DW images and ADC map as a constraint, along with spatial regularization terms on both amplitude and phase images. The optimization problem was solved using the alternating‐direction method of multipliers (ADMM). We evaluated the performance of the joint reconstruction (JR) algorithm for DW‐TSE in a phantom study and patient studies on five brain and head/neck cancer patients. Image distortion, accuracy, and repeatability of ADC measurements were assessed and compared with those from conventional Fourier‐transformed (FFT)‐based reconstruction and magnitude‐based ADC fitting methods, as well as with the clinically used DW‐EPI technique. Results The proposed joint k‐b reconstruction method demonstrated improved SNR and enhanced accuracy of ADC measurements in DW‐TSE compared to the conventional method. Additionally, JR‐DW‐TSE with fewer averages at high b‐values provided better image quality than the conventional FFT‐reconstructed DW‐TSE with full averages. Conclusion The proposed joint k‐b reconstruction method for DW‐TSE has the potential to deliver distortion‐robust diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) for clinical applications, which is particularly crucial for MRgRT.
Effect of the coupled administration of Lydium-KLP or methisoprinol and respisure on the health status and prevention of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine in large-scale commercial breeding

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The study was aimed on determining the clinical protective value of Lydium-KLP and Methisoprinol in the prevention of respiratory system diseases, as well as their effect on the health status of pigs in large-scale commercial breeding and on the improvement of in the effectiveness of specific immunoprophylaxis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of in swine (MPS). Piglets at the age of 7 d were divided into eight groups of 25-30 piglets each. On days 7 and 21 of life they were immunised with Respisure vaccine (group I) or administrated Lydium-KLP or Methisoprinol (groups IV and VII). In other groups, Lydium-KLP or Methisoprinol were given simultaneously (groups II and V) or 48 h before immunisation with Respisure (groups III and VI). Control piglets were administrated PBS (group C). Clinical observations as well as post-slaughter and animal husbandry analyses indicated that the simultaneous administration of Lydium-KLP or Methisoprinol with Respisure gives better results in comparison to immunisationonly with Respisure. The statistically-significant differences were found in the mean percentage of meatiness between groups receiving Methisoprinol with or 48 h before Respisure and control group, as well as in the point evaluation of lesions in the lungs between groups receiving Lydium-KLP with Respisure and Methisoprinol 48 h before Respisure and control group. The study demonstrated the beneficial effect of coupled administration of Lydium-KLP or Methisoprinol and Respisure on the improvement of health status and the productive performance of pigs, as well as on the effectiveness of specific immunoprophylaxis of MPS in large– scale commercial breeding. The most beneficial variants of coupled administration were the simultaneous application of LydiumKLP and Respisure, and Methisoprinol application 48 h before immunisation with Respisure.