jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
That joke is not that funny anymore

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There has been an absence of rich literature on humor in Sociology, and even less so in the Singapore context. Prominent in the Singapore scene in the multiracial discourse in Singapore which piqued my interest on whether Singaporeans are really that racially harmonious. Thus, it is the intention of this research to understand the social actors’, specifically the Chinese youths, conception of racism and the mechanisms behind the formation of such conceptions. Specifically, 15 interviews revolving around the topic of racial jokes are conducted with undergraduates from two local Universities, namely, Nanyang Technological University and National University of Singapore. It is not the aim of this research paper however, to say that race-related jokes should be completely be devoid of humor, instead, it points to a need for conscious employment, considering the endless possibilities of humor going the wrong way.
Chapter Ten Race, Imperialism and Reconstructing Selves: Late Nineteenth-Century Korea in European Travel Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on European discourses on Korea during the second half of the nineteenth century, is a case study in exploring how Europeans have typically understood and viewed Korea and its people. It traces how race and imperialism influenced European constructions of Korea in relation to the power politics the country had to face. The chapter explores the influence that travelers' accounts had in forming European views of Korea. Written from a Korean perspective, it offers an alternative lens through which European attitudes can be examined and sheds light on just how unaware Europeans were of their own biases. At the end of the nineteenth century Korea became the target of European and Japanese expansionism. Just as Europeans often had contradictory opinions about the Korean people and their civilization, the response of Koreans after their encounters with Western people and their civilization was also dichotomous. Keywords:European travel literature; imperialism; Japanese expansionism; Koreans; racial cliches
Direct functionalization of polyisobutylene by living initiation with α‐methylstyrene epoxide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This article describes the synthesis and characterization of polyisobutylene (PIB) carrying one primary hydroxyl head group and a tertiary chloride end group, [PhC(CH 3 )(CH 2 OH)–PIB–CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 Cl] prepared with direct functionalization via initiation. The polymerization of isobutylene was initiated with the α‐methylstyrene epoxide/titanium tetrachloride system. Living conditions were obtained from −75 to −50 °C (198–223 K). Low molecular weight samples (number‐average molecular weight ∼ 4000 g/mol) were prepared under suitable conditions and characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The presence of primary hydroxyl head groups in PIB was verified by both methods. Quantitative Fourier transform infrared with 2‐phenyl‐1‐propanol calibration and 1 H NMR performed on both the hydroxyl‐functionalized PIB and its reaction product with trimethylchlorosilane showed that each polymer chain carried one primary hydroxyl head group. The synthetic methodology presented here is an effective and simple route for the direct functionalization of PIB. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1005–1015, 2002
The role of cognition in simulated driving behavior in young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Previous research has found that adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have increased rates of motor vehicle accidents, citations, and license revocations as compared to healthy adult drivers. Although ADHD-related cognitive deficits have been implicated in contributing to these negative driving outcomes, few studies have directly examined these relationships. The present study will examine the role of cognitive functioning in driving behaviors on a challenging simulated driving task in young adults with ADHD. Objectives: The primary aims were to 1) compare driving performance on a simulated driving task, the Risky Driving Task (RDT), in adults with ADHD and healthy control (HC) drivers; 2) examine cognitive mediators, as measured using performance-based neuropsychological tests and a self-report measure, of the relationship between ADHD status and simulated driving behaviors. Additional exploratory aim is to: 3) examine the relationship between inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms and simulated driving behaviors. Method: Seventeen young adults aged 18-28 with ADHD and 21 age-, gender- and education-matched healthy control participants completed the RDT, a battery of neuropsychological tests measuring executive functioning, attention, motivation, and processing speed, and a self-report measure of executive functioning. Self-report of driving history, current driving behaviors, and demographic information was also collected. Results: The ADHD group showed significantly more variability in lane position, longer time stopped at a stoplight, and faster speed in a curved road segment than the HC group. ADHD participants were more likely than HC participants not to stop at a stop sign. ADHD diagnosis indirectly influenced lane variability through sustained attention and working memory. Longer time stopped at a stoplight and faster speeds in a straight section were correlated with greater symptoms of inattention, while faster speeds in a curved road segment were associated with hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms. Failure to stop completely at a stop sign was associated with both greater inattention and greater hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms. Conclusions: Results provide evidence of differences in simulated driving performance between young adults with ADHD those without the disorder on a challenging simulated driving task. This is the first study to demonstrate that cognitive constructs of working memory and sustained attention underlie group differences in simulated driving behavior. Driving simulation will continue to be a useful tool to investigate mechanisms of adverse driving outcomes in this population. Future driving simulation research should use similar manipulations to that implemented in the present study in order to increase ecological validity.
Variants of Simple Correspondence Analysis

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the R package CAvariants (Lombardo and Beh, 2017).The package performs six variants of correspondence analysis on a two-way contingency table.The main function that shares the same name as the package -CAvariants -allows the user to choose (via a series of input parameters) from six different correspondence analysis procedures.These include the classical approach to (symmetrical) correspondence analysis, singly ordered correspondence analysis, doubly ordered correspondence analysis, non symmetrical correspondence analysis, singly ordered non symmetrical correspondence analysis and doubly ordered non symmetrical correspondence analysis.The code provides the flexibility for constructing either a classical correspondence plot or a biplot graphical display.It also allows the user to consider other important features that allow to assess the reliability of the graphical representations, such as the inclusion of algebraically derived elliptical confidence regions.
Discipline and teaching of art education in the five grades of primary school

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The undergraduate thesis examines the occurrence of inappropriate behavior in a classroom and identifies student discipline in art education and its impact on execution of classes. \n \nThe theoretical part presents the definition of discipline and its types, classroom management, misconduct, teacher's discipline approach, the impact of family education and the course of art classes. \n \nThe practical part describes two school lessons with preparation and their analysis. Each lesson is analyzed in the table on the occurrence of observational criteria as well as presented with percentage of the number of students. All the results are joined into a common table and analyzed. According to the latter research questions have been confirmed or refuted. \n \nResearch questions relate to teaching art, teacher's conduct during classes, teacher's impact on students’ discipline and the effect of selecting fine tasks, visual motif and work forms on students’ discipline. \n \nAs a future teacher, I wanted to explore how much is discipline presented in art education and what affects it. I prepared two lessons with different artistic tasks. In the implementation I used different work forms as well as different work methods. The analysis of lessons and tables shows that teacher's preparation for the lesson is crucial along with monitoring and guiding students through all steps in their learning. \n
Finite element analysis of joint connection in steel-concrete hybrid Langer bridge

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Steel-concrete hybrid PC Langer bridge, which consisted of RC arches, vertical steel tube hangers and PC stiffening girders, was constructed. Three dimensional numerical simulation of steel-concrete connection between the RC arch and the vertical steel tube hanger were conducted for the future establish- ment of verification technique of joint connection in hybrid structures using finite element method. The as- sembled finite element model was verified with sufficient accuracy for the mechanical behavior of the test specimens of the connection subjected to pull-out load in the steel tube. Furthermore, according to the result of numerical simulation with the partial model of joint connection in the actual bridge, it was numerically confirmed that the connection had a sufficient resistance to the pull-out load through the vertical steel tube.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 1370344 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Country is Chile", { "or" : [ "PublishingOrg is e2e717bf-551a-4917-bdc9-4fa0f342c530", "PublishingOrg is 28eb1a3f-1c15-4a95-931a-4af90ecb574d", "PublishingOrg is 90fd6680-349f-11d8-aa2d-b8a03c50a862", "PublishingOrg is bc092ff0-02e4-11dc-991f-b8a03c50a862", "PublishingOrg is 7b8aff00-a9f8-11d8-944b-b8a03c50a862" ] }, "Year 2013-2020", { "or" : [ "Geometry POLYGON((-180 -90,180 -90,180 90,-180 90,-180 -90))", "Geometry POLYGON((-76.59527 -58.37054,-63.2402 -58.37054,-63.2402 -14.76023,-76.59527 -14.76023,-76.59527 -58.37054))" ] }, { "or" : [ "DatasetKey is EOD – eBird Observation Dataset", "DatasetKey is Tropicos MO Specimen Data", "DatasetKey is Programa de Observadores a Bordo (POBCh) de la Secretaria de Pesca de la Provincia del Chubut, Argentina . Observer On board Program -Fisheries Secretariat of the Province of Chubut-Argentina (OOBPPCh)", "DatasetKey is Instituto de Botánica Darwinion", "DatasetKey is MICROBIS database", "DatasetKey is iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "DatasetKey is Field Museum of Natural History (Botany) Seed Plant Collection", "DatasetKey is A global database for the distributions of crop wild relatives", "DatasetKey is NMNH Extant Specimen Records (USNM, US)", "DatasetKey is Aarhus University Palm Transect Database" ] }, "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false" ] } The dataset includes 1370344 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0006060-200221144449610/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Nephrolithiasis as a presenting feature of chronic sarcoidosis: a prospective study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. Renal stones may be the presentation of sarcoidosis in 3.6% of cases, but the etiology may go unrecognized for many years in most of them. 2. There are asymptomatic renal stones at presentation in a further 2.7%: pyuria or microscopic haematuria may suggest such an occurrence. 3. Renal calculi appear to be a marker of chronicity, with long term corticosteroid therapy required in most cases. 4. A diagnosis of sarcoidosis should always be considered when patients present with renal calculi of unknown origin.
Applying Artificial Intelligence to Optimize Small-Scale Ocean Current Turbine Performance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A comprehensive artificial intelligence-based motor drive was developed to control the performance of a permanent magnet direct current (PMDC) motor employed as a small-scale three-bladed horizontal axis ocean current turbine. Although the conventional controller performs reasonably in a lab environment where non-linear load is absented; however, for towing tank experiments with noisy and potentially non-linear input, it is crucial to run the small-scale turbine in a robust mode. A mathematical model of a PMDC motor dynamic system is derived incorporating a fuzzy logic controller. In addition, this drive control was validated experimentally. The experimental design is discussed in detail. The system performance was tested experimentally over a wide range of operating condition to validate the fuzzy logic control robustness and effectiveness. Also, it is shown that the speed of the PMDC motor was controlled by using this fuzzy logic controller. The speed tracking shows good agreement with the reference speed regardless of the load condition.
The Heat of Vaporization of Hydrogen Fluoride

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Heat of Vaporization of Hydrogen FluorideJ. H. Simons and J. W. BouknightCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 4, 1458–1460Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01331a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01331a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views414Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The internationalisation of business angel investment activity: a review and research agenda

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Prompted by the recent publication of two practitioner-led and -oriented books profiling the global expansion of the business angel investment phenomenon, this paper reviews the evidence for the internationalisation of this increasingly important source of entrepreneurial finance. As business angel activity grows in prominence in emerging markets in particular, challenges are identified in terms of the definition of the phenomenon, the importance of institutional voids in shaping the development of this activity and the role of cultural constraints in legitimising it. The paper identifies a tension between universalist and contextualist accounts of the emergence of this market which has implications for both future research and policy formation.
Unmasking Implicit Bias: Evaluating Persona-Prompted LLM Responses in Power-Disparate Social Scenarios

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in simulating human behaviour and social intelligence. However, they risk perpetuating societal biases, especially when demographic information is involved. We introduce a novel framework using cosine distance to measure semantic shifts in responses and an LLM-judged Preference Win Rate (WR) to assess how demographic prompts affect response quality across power-disparate social scenarios. Evaluating five LLMs over 100 diverse social scenarios and nine demographic axes, our findings suggest a "default persona" bias toward middle-aged, able-bodied, native-born, Caucasian, atheistic males with centrist views. Moreover, interactions involving specific demographics are associated with lower-quality responses. Lastly, the presence of power disparities increases variability in response semantics and quality across demographic groups, suggesting that implicit biases may be heightened under power-imbalanced conditions. These insights expose the demographic biases inherent in LLMs and offer potential paths toward future bias mitigation efforts in LLMs.
A multi-view extended software control structure modeling and safety analysis method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

System-theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is an emerging safety analysis method which can recognize the impact on system safety of non-linear interactions between system components. However, the implementation of STPA mainly depends on the experience of the analyst and his/her understanding of the system. The results of the analysis vary from person to person, and it is difficult to guarantee the quality of the analysis. In this paper, the UML views are used to expand the control model, system object model is established to acquire system information, functional model and dynamic model are established to recognize unsafe control actions and reasons these actions, respectively. A case study of a train door control system is also provided to further describe the operating procedures and verify the applicability of this method.
[Changes in the content of ribosomal RNA and the activity of ribosomal RNAase in the brain under natural physiological conditions].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Optimal activity of RNAase from brain ribosomal fraction was observed at pH 5.4 and pH 7.9. After alimentary and conditioned-alimentary stimulation content of rRNA was significantly increased in brain, but the RNAase activity was decreased more than two-fold. After conditioned-alimentary inhibition content of rRNA was slightly decreased as compared to experiments with alimentary and conditioned-alimentary stimulation, but it was distinctly higher than in control. As compared with alimentary stimulation in the conditioned-alimentary stimulation the RNAase activity was increased at pH 5.4 and decreased at pH 7.9.
Personal and Situational Determinants of Catch-and-Release Choice of Freshwater Anglers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Hypothetical scenarios were used to understand the effects of personal and situational variables on freshwater anglers' choices to keep or release caught fish. When personal and situational variables were included in a single model, the odds of an angler choosing to release a caught fish were negatively related to importance placed on keeping fish and varied according to species preference, species caught, and whether the species caught was the angler's preferred species. Interactions between importance placed on catching a trophy fish and size of fish caught, and between species caught and whether the species caught was the angler's preferred species also influenced catch-and-release choice. Catch-and-release choice was not influenced by experience level, centrality of fishing to the angler's lifestyle, importance placed on number of fish caught, and importance placed on catching "something." Results were not entirely consistent with previous studies, suggesting that determinants of catch-and-release choice may vary across angler populations. Results suggest that both personal and situational variables must be considered for a comprehensive understanding of how anglers arrive at the decision to keep or release caught fish. Keywords: Catch-and-release Recreational Fishing Choice Model
The Family Photo Assessment Process (FPAP): A Method for Validating Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Family Social Identities

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose in the pilot study reported here was to develop a process to test, quantitatively, the relationship between information about families’ social identities arrived at through three different sources: 1) coders’ ratings of family photographs, 2) family self-ratings of social identity, and 3) family scores on a true and false instrument that measures social identity. The process that was developed has been labeled the Family Photo Assessment Process or FPAP. From the results of preliminary testing, it appears that coders can be trained to reliably assess several dimensions of the family’s social identity from viewing family photos and interviewing family members. It also appears that there are cultural differences in the dimensions discernable from family photos. Subsequently research will reveal if these cultural differences are evident in comparisons between American and Japanese photos. The long range questions are: Will the family photo album emerge as another “slice of data” on which to access family social identity? Will the family photo album emerge as a source of information on which to make cross-cultural comparisons of family life?
Exceptional holonomy and Einstein metrics constructed from Aloff-Wallach spaces

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate cohomogeneity-one metrics whose principal orbit is an Aloff-Wallach space SU(3)/U(1). In particular, we are interested in metrics whose holonomy is contained in Spin(7). Complete metrics of this kind which are not product metrics have exactly one singular orbit. We prove classification results for metrics on tubular neighborhoods of various singular orbits. Since the equation for the holonomy reduction has only few explicit solutions, we make use of power series techniques. In order to prove the convergence and the smoothness near the singular orbit, we apply methods developed by Eschenburg and Wang. As a by-product of these methods, we find many new examples of Einstein metrics of cohomogeneity one.
Do antidepressants affect neurogenesis and how does neurogenesis relate to depression?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Depression is associated with atrophy in several brain structures, with the hippocampus seemingly most affected. A wide variety of cellular mechanisms have been proposed for these structural changes. While impaired neurogenesis alone is inadequate to account for such marked changes, an altered rate of neurogenesis is likely to affect hippocampal function. There is also strong evidence for neurotransmitter and glucocorticoid-mediated effects on neurogenesis, providing routes for actions of antidepressants. As a consequence of this, neurogenesis provides an explanation for the ‘conventional monoaminergic theory of depression’ and also an explanation for the modulation of neurogenesis, and therefore depression, by antidepressant medication.