jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Correlation of cerebral angiographic and CT/MRI findings in transient ischemic attack.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

一過性脳虚血発作 (TIA) の病態をより明らかにするため, 内頸動脈系TIA45例 (心原性塞栓を除外) について, 脳血管撮影所見とCT・MRI所見とを併せ検討した.主幹動脈に25%以上狭窄を有するもの {angiographically abnormal, 以下AGA (+)} が26例, 狭窄がそれ以下ないし正常のもの {AGA (-)} が19例であった.AGA (+) で9例 (34.6%), AGA (-) で16例 (84.2%) にCT・MRIで小梗塞 (基底核領域/皮質下白質) を認め, その差は有意であった (P<0.001).これらのことから, TIA発作は, AGA (+) では主にmicroembolismの機序が, AGA (-) では穿通枝レベルでの虚血が関与している可能性が考えられた.AGA (+) とAGA (-) で, 発作回数, 発作持続時間に有意差は認めなかった.また, 高血圧, 糖尿病, 高脂血症, Hctなどの危険因子についても差がみられなかった.これらを追跡したところ (平均追跡期間5.0±2.4年, 全例追跡可), 7例が脳梗塞を発症し, 高齢で発生率が高い傾向にあった.
Gtl Efficiency

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A number of key parameters have been used for defining the efficiency of GTL (Gas-to-Liquids) process. The most commonly used bases are Carbon Efficiency (CE) and Thermal Efficiency (TE). This paper discusses the definition of each of them and the significant developments that have occurred and have been expected on the key focus areas of GTL efficiency improvement. Both CE and TE should be maximized to the extent of technically feasibility and economical justification to ensure responsible and sustainable utilization of natural resources. Nowadays, the GTL technology CE and TE are considered drawbacks of the GTL technology and as a consequence considerable efforts are being made by technology developers to reduce the inefficiencies. The current generation of the GTL technology has a typical plant wide CE of 70–75 % and a typical plant wide TE of 57–61%. Although GTL efficiency is still low compared to conventional refineries and LNG plants, it has been improved significantly over the last two decades. Further improvement can be expected over time as the GTL technology has not gone through the same degree of technological improvement as the conventional system. Advances in GTL technology are projected to increase the efficiency within the next decade as such it would be comparable to conventional refineries and LNG plants that have CE and TE of around 90% and 73% respectively.
Diversity, structure, and composition of melliferous and non-melliferous vegetation surrounding meliponaries of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: Although the loss of Melipona beecheii colonies in meliponaries suggests insufficient availability of melliferous blooming plants, there is limited knowledge about the diversity and conditions of the surrounding vegetation. Question: What is the diversity, structure, and composition of the melliferous and non-melliferous vegetation surrounding meliponaries, and how does it affect the availability of food sources for bees? Study site and dates: The vegetation surrounding nine meliponaries, three in each political state of the Yucatán Peninsula encompassing the main vegetation types, was studied in 2022 and 2023. Methods: Four 150-meter-long transects with the point-centered quadrants method were traced in each meliponary to estimate plant species composition, the availability of melliferous and blooming plants (IVI), diversity parameters (Hill-numbers), tree density, and diameter per strata. Results: 312 taxa, 250 genera, and 73 plant families were recorded. In five meliponaries, blooming melliferous plants accounted for less than 9 % of the IVI, with one meliponary having no blooming species. The highest diversity was found in a meliponary surrounded by semi-evergreen forest. The high stratum had a mean tree height of 5.5 (SD ± 2.9) meters and 3,390 (SD ± 2,702) trees/hectare across vegetation types. The tree diameter was lowest in meliponaries located in the semi-deciduous forest. Conclusions: The meliponaries are surrounded by young secondary vegetation with high density of small trees and predominance of the low stratum. We found a similar vegetation diversity among meliponaries and scarce blooming melliferous plants. Human activity seems to impact plant diversity and food availability for M. beecheii.
Revision Surgery for Jejunal Pouch Dysfunction after Subtotal Gastrectomy: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は79歳女性．著しい心窩部痛および繰り返す嘔吐にて救急外来を受診した．精査にて約45年前の胃癌手術にて胃亜全摘・空腸パウチRoux-en-Y再建がなされており，パウチの異常拡張をきたしていた．術後長期に渡り心窩部痛・嘔吐を繰り返していることよりパウチからの排出障害と判断し，残胃・パウチ切除，Roux-en-Y再建を行った．術後１日目より飲水を開始，術後３日目より食事を開始したが特に合併症なく経過し，術後９日目に自宅退院した．術後２カ月時点の診察では，一回食事摂取量の減少はあるものの，体重減少や食後の心窩部痛・嘔吐は消失していた．胃切除後のパウチ再建にて期待したQOLが得られない場合，所謂conventionalな方法への再再建も検討すべきと考えられた．
Hyperinsulinism–hyperammonemia syndrome in two Peruvian children with refractory epilepsy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) is a heterogeneous clinical disorder with great variability in its clinical phenotype, and to date, pathogenic variants in 23 genes have been recognized. Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome (HI/HA) is the second most frequent cause of this disease that shows an autosomal dominant pattern and is caused by an activating mutation of the GLUD1 gene, which responds favorably to the use of diazoxide. HI/HA syndrome presents with fasting hypoglycemia; postprandial hypoglycemia, especially in those with a high protein content (leucine); and persistent mild hyperammonemia. Neurological abnormalities, in the form of epilepsy or neurodevelopmental delay, are observed in a high percentage of patients; therefore, timely diagnosis is crucial for proper management. Case presentation We report the clinical presentation of two Peruvian children that presented with epilepsy whose genetic analysis revealed a missense mutation in the GLUD1 gene, one within exon 11, at 22% mosaicism; and another within exon 7, as well as their response to diazoxide therapy. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first two cases of HI/HA syndrome reported in Peru. Conclusion HI/HA syndrome went unnoticed, because hypoglycemia was missed and were considered partially controlled epilepsies. A failure to recognize hypoglycemic seizures will delay diagnosis and adequate treatment, so a proper investigation could avoid irreversible neurological damage.
The Role of SGZ Neurogenesis in Hippocampal Dependent Learning and Memory

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Advances in technology have allowed for the discovery of adult neurogenesis in the human brain. Adult neurogenesis is found only in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampal formation. There are two types of progenitors found in the SGZ and their growth is thought to be influenced by their immediate environment called the neurogenic niche. Research suggests that new neurons generated in the brain are integrated into existing brain circuitry. This paper will focus on neurogenesis in the SGZ and provide evidence supporting its influence on the hippocampal functions of learning and memory. It appears that some forms of hippocampal dependent learning influence levels of neurogenesis and that the number of adult born neurons influences learning and memory. SGZ neurogenesis is thought to be regulated by factors such as genetics, environment, and age. These factors regulate some forms of hippocampal dependent tasks in a correlative manner. Research on the function of SGZ neurogenesis in hippocampal dependent learning and memory comes to varying conclusions that are caused by differences in procedures. Research indicates that the relationship between adult neurogenesis in the SGZ and hippocampal dependent learning and memory may be dependent on: the age of the neurons, the age of the subjects and the type of learning that is occurring. More work needs to be done before a comprehensive understanding of the functionality of adult neurogenesis can be made.
Establishing a system for the study of urethral biomechanical function

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

By applying experimental concepts and principles originally established in the study of blood vessel biomechanics, we are exploring various aspects of lower urinary tract function, dysfunction, and treatment effects on tissue properties and performance. We demonstrate here the feasibility of using a modified ex vivo vascular perfusion apparatus for urethral functional studies. Through administration of various pharmacologic agents, and against applied luminal pressures, we demonstrate control over urethral smooth and striated muscle contractile elements. The ability to measure such physiologic responses provides the basis for performing novel functional studies pertaining to the role of each component in overall urethral function and biomechanics. Therefore, the use of this system to evaluate ex vivo physiology and biomechanical properties will advance the understanding of underlying principles of both normal and abnormal urethral function.
A welfare approach to the prohibition of statues which infringe basic constitutional rights for the purpose of national security in Germany and Israel

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In my thesis I plan to analyze a specific deontological argument which is, that the unconstitutional infringement of very basic human right in the purpose of minimizing a terrorist threat cannot be permitted. I will focus my analysis on a very recent decision (2006) of the Federal Constitutional court of Germany (Bundesverfassungsgericht), which annulled a statue that allowed the German minister of defense, in emergency situations, to attack a hijacked airplane, that had a high probability of taking many lives in the case of it being crushed in a populated area. This case has much resemblance to a less recent (1999) Israeli supreme court decision which determined that the Israeli secret service cannot (except in very certain situations, and with the approval of the attorney general) use interrogation techniques which are infringing basic constitutional rights. In both cases the issue was the extent to which a government can infringe a person's constitutional right for the purpose of preventing a potential terrorist act, and in both cases the supreme courts decided to intervene and set a higher standard of protection of the constitutional rights. By analyzing those decisions from an economical perspective, I plan to demonstrate that both decisions are economically efficient due to the fact, that the higher value attached to human life and dignity increases the total social welfare to a greater value, than in their infringement. Even in the purpose of national security.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Assessment of Brain Metabolite Concentrations in Individuals With Chronic Whiplash-associated Disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Pathophysiologic mechanisms underpinning ongoing pain in whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) are not well understood, however, alterations in brain morphology and function have been observed in this population and in other chronic pain conditions. This study investigated metabolite profiles of brain regions in people with chronic WAD compared with controls. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight individuals with chronic WAD (mean [SD] age, 39.5 [11.3] years, 23 female individuals) and 16 pain-free controls (38.9 [12.7] years, 11 female individuals) underwent multivoxel brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), primary motor cortex (1MC), and somatosensory cortex (SSC), ratios of metabolite concentrations were calculated for N -acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), myo-inositol (Ins), and glutamate/glutamine (Glx). Chronic WAD group participants completed clinical questionnaires and cold and pressure pain threshold assessment. Data were analyzed with hypothesis testing and Spearman correlations ( P ≥0.05), with Benjamini-Hochberg corrections (5% false discovery rate). Results: No group differences were observed for NAA:Cr, NAA:Cho, Cr:Cho, Glx:NAA, Glx:Cr, Glx:Cho, Ins:NAA, Ins:Cr, Ins:Cho or Ins:Glx for left or right ACC, 1MC, or SSC following correction for multiple comparisons. No significant correlations were observed between metabolite ratios and any clinical variable. Discussion: These results suggest that ongoing pain and disability in this population may not be underpinned by metabolite aberrations in the brain regions examined. Further research is required to progress our understanding of cortical contributions to neurophysiologic mechanisms in chronic WAD.
Angiogenesis in NSCLC: is vessel co-option the trunk that sustains the branches?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The critical role of angiogenesis in tumor development makes its inhibition a valuable new approach in therapy, rapidly making anti-angiogenesis a major focus in research. While the VEGF/VEGFR pathway is the main target of the approved anti-angiogenic molecules in NSCLC treatment, the results obtained are still modest, especially due to resistance mechanisms. Accumulating scientific data show that vessel co-option is an alternative mechanism to angiogenesis during tumor development in well-vascularized organs such as the lungs, where tumor cells highjack the existing vasculature to obtain its blood supply in a non-angiogenic fashion. This can explain the low/lack of response to current anti-angiogenic strategies. The same principle applies to lung metastases of other primary tumors. The exact mechanisms of vessel co-option need to be further elucidated, but it is known that the co-opted vessels regress by the action of Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), a vessel destabilizing cytokine expressed by the endothelial cells of the pre-existing mature vessels. In the absence of VEGF, vessel regression leads to tumor cell loss and hypoxia, with a subsequent switch to a neoangiogenic phenotype by the remaining tumor cells. Unravelling the vessel co-option mechanisms and involved players may be fruitful for numerous reasons, and the particularities of this form of vascularization should be carefully considered when planning anti-angiogenic interventions or designing clinical trials for this purpose. In view of the current knowledge, rationale for therapeutic approaches of dual inhibition of Ang-2 and VEGF are swiftly gaining strength and may serve as a launchpad to more successful NSCLC anti-vascular treatments.
Does This Patient Have Acute Mountain Sickness?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prevalence of acute mountain sickness increases with higher altitudes. The visual analog scale for the overall feeling of sickness at altitude, Acute Mountain Sickness-Cerebral, and clinical functional score perform similarly to the Lake Louise Questionnaire Score using a score of 5 or greater as a reference standard. In clinical and travel settings, the clinical functional score is the simplest instrument to use. Clinicians evaluating high-altitude travelers who report moderate to severe limitations in activities of daily living (clinical functional score ≥2) should use the Lake Louise Questionnaire Score to assess the severity of acute mountain sickness.
Molecular Responses in Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in Chronic Phase Treated with Imatinib Mesylate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: To determine the clinical significance of molecular response and relapse among patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) treated with imatinib. Experimental Design: We analyzed the results of quantitative PCR in 280 patients with CML in chronic phase who achieved complete cytogenetic remission with imatinib (117 after IFN-α failure and 163 previously untreated). Median follow-up was 31 months (range, 3-52 months). Results: Median BCR-ABL/ABL ratio before the start of therapy was 39.44 (range, 0.252-170.53). A major molecular response (BCR-ABL/ABL ratio &lt;0.05%) was achieved in 174 (62%), and transcripts became undetectable (complete molecular response) in 95 (34%). By multivariate analysis, only treatment with high-dose imatinib (P = 0.02) was associated with achievement of a major molecular response. Nine of 166 (5%) patients who achieved a major molecular response lost their cytogenetic remission, compared with 25 of 68 (37%) among those who did not achieve this response (P &lt; 0.0001). Patients achieving a major molecular response 12 months after the start of therapy had significantly better complete cytogenetic remission duration than others. A &gt;1-log reduction in transcript levels after 3 months of therapy predicted for an improved probability of achieving a major molecular response at 24 months. Increasing levels of BCR-ABL transcripts predicted for a loss of cytogenetic remission only among patients who did not achieve a major molecular response. Conclusions: Achieving a major molecular response, particularly within the first year of therapy, is predictive of a durable cytogenetic remission and may be the future goal of therapy in CML.
PENGARUH STRESS KERJA TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTION DENGAN KEPUASAN KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (Studi Pada Bagian Account Officer BPR Cirebon)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence whether or not the influence of job stress on turnover intention with job satisfaction as intervening variable. This research uses data questionnaire and data processing assisted by SPSS 20. The sample of this research is 38 employees of BPR Account Officer in Cirebon. The results of this study indicate that the job stress has a positive effect on turnover intention through job satisfaction as intervening variable, but its value is smaller than the effect of job stress on direct turnover intention. It also shows that job satisfaction can decrease the turnover intention level of employees of BPR Account Officer in Cirebon, caused by job stress. Keywords: job stress, turnover intention, job satisfaction
A Study of Human Attitude, Persuasion And Ethics Towards The Adoptation Of Sustainable Technology Among Malaysian SMEs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract

This research investigates the impact of human attitudes, human persuasion and human ethics towards the adoption of sustainable technology among the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. There is a lacuna in the literature of the focusing on the human factors (attitudes, persuasions and ethical belief) of adoption of sustainable technology in the SMEs context in emerging economy such as Malaysia. The study develops a comprehensive model of sustainable technology adoption considering the strengths and limitations of the existing models. The main theories utilized this paper include the theory of reasoned action (TRA), theory of planned behavior (TPB), attribution theory (AT), environmental attitudes model and the triple bottom line model. The theoretical framework developed for this study is based on the premise of the above theories. A total of 234 sample taken from 2369 SMEs in Malaysia. The major finding of this research suggest that affective attitudes, cognitive attitudes, reasoned persuasion, sentimental persuasion, anthropocentrism and altruism significantly impact adoption mechanism of sustainable technology in a Malaysian setting. These findings are later highlighted in this paper. The implications, limitations and future research avenue are highlighted in the paper.
Incorporation and University Governance: The Chinese Experience, Using University Enrolment Expansion Policy as an Example

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At the end of 1998, the Chinese central government decided to raise China's level of participation in higher education dramatically. While the move was influenced by a combination of both domestic and external forces, it was a decision fundamentally based on economic considerations. Using the university enrolment expansion policy as an example, this article interrogates the rationale for and the contexts of this policy-making. It then analyses the measures and consequences of the implementation of this policy to illustrate the changing governance in mainland Chinese universities.
Davis, Richard Harding, (1864–11 April 1916), American novelist and playwright; Times war correspondent in Greek-Turkish war, Spanish-American war, and for the New York Herald in South African war, also in Russian-Japanese war, Spanish Cuban revolution, Matos revolution in Venezuela, American occupation of Vera Cruz, and representing Daily Chronicle with the allied armies in Belgium and France

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Davis, Richard Harding, (1864–11 April 1916), American novelist and playwright; Times war correspondent in Greek-Turkish war, Spanish-American war, and for the New York Herald in South African war, also in Russian-Japanese war, Spanish Cuban revolution, Matos revolution in Venezuela, American occupation of Vera Cruz, and representing Daily Chronicle with the allied armies in Belgium and France" published on by Oxford University Press.
Mimo Detection by Variational Posterior Inference

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we examine the application of variational inference (VI) to MIMO detection. Our study is motivated by the recent interest in applying machine learning concepts to signal processing. VI is an approach for providing friendly approximations of certain intractable posterior probabilities in statistics, and it has been popularly used in machine learning. In MIMO detection we also have a similar problem; specifically, we want to evaluate the posterior symbol probabilities for detection, but they are computationally too expensive to evaluate when the problem size and/or the constellation size are large. By approximating the discrete symbol prior by a continuous Gaussian mixture model, we show how the notion of VI can be used to derive an iterative MIMO detector. Interestingly, the detector resembles the MMSE detector in structure. The performance of the proposed detector is demonstrated by simulations.
Electromechanical oscillations of common-shaft cascaded induction motors driving a large mechanical load

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

© 2016 IEEE.Although several papers investigating the transient performance of induction motors can be found in the literature, a little attention was given to investigate the electromechanical oscillations of a multi-motor set connected on a common mechanical shaft which is widely used in oil and mining industry. This paper investigates the torsional oscillations phenomena occurring in a cascaded set of induction motors driving inertia load through elastic shafts. The electrical and mechanical mathematical models of the investigated induction motors are developed in the ABC reference frame and the system model is implemented using Matlab/Simulink. The electrical and mechanical transients during startup are studied and attention is given to the transmitted torque on the mechanical shaft sections. Different case studies are presented with different loading conditions in order to accurately study the transient performance of the electrical and mechanical components of the system under study. Results indicate that severe torsional stresses will be induced on the mechanical shaft during the motor startup especially when the system starts against load. These high torsional stresses may lead to fatigue failure or fracture and affect the life time of the mechanical shaft if no adequate countermeasure is considered.
Application of Mössbauer spectroscopy to studying steel corrosion at nuclear power plants

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Methodical aspects of applying Mössbauer spectroscopy to studying corrosion in ultrathin layers of steels in contact with coolant water of nuclear power installations are considered. A new procedure is developed for measuring Mössbauer spectra of surface layers of steels at grazing incidence of the Mössbauer γ-radiation on the surface of pearlite and austenite steels. New data are obtained on the phase composition of nanometer-thick surface layers of “metallic” steel samples. Corrosion products occurring in pipelines such as the pressurizer pipe and steam generator tubing of nuclear power plants with water-cooled water-moderated reactors are studied.