jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Topical Prostaglandin E Analog Restores Defective Dendritic Cell–Mediated Th17 Host Defense Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in the Skin of Diabetic Mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

People with diabetes are more prone to Staphylococcus aureus skin infection than healthy individuals. Control of S. aureus infection depends on dendritic cell (DC)–induced T-helper 17 (Th17)–mediated neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance. DC ingestion of infected apoptotic cells (IACs) drive prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion to generate Th17 cells. We speculated that hyperglycemia inhibits skin DC migration to the lymph nodes and impairs the Th17 differentiation that accounts for poor skin host defense in diabetic mice. Diabetic mice showed increased skin lesion size and bacterial load and decreased PGE2 secretion and Th17 cells compared with nondiabetic mice after methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection. Bone marrow–derived DCs (BMDCs) cultured in high glucose (25 mmol/L) exhibited decreased Ptges mRNA expression, PGE2 production, lower CCR7-dependent DC migration, and diminished maturation after recognition of MRSA-IACs than BMDCs cultured in low glucose (5 mmol/L). Similar events were observed in DCs from diabetic mice infected with MRSA. Topical treatment of diabetic mice with the PGE analog misoprostol improved host defense against MRSA skin infection by restoring DC migration to draining lymph nodes, Th17 differentiation, and increased antimicrobial peptide expression. These findings identify a novel mechanism involved in poor skin host defense in diabetes and propose a targeted strategy to restore skin host defense in diabetes.
Proceedings of The Forty-Second Annual Meeting, Southeastern Branch, Entomological Society of America

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Proceedings of The Forty-Second Annual Meeting, Southeastern Branch, Entomological Society of America Get access Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 14, Issue 3, 22 September 1968, Pages 251–253, https://doi.org/10.1093/besa/14.3.251 Published: 22 September 1968
The Burden of Cysticercosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Taenia solium cysticercosis is a major public health and agricultural problem in many developing countries. It is predominantly found and considered endemic in Latin American, Asian, and African countries where pigs are raised using traditional methods, veterinary meat inspection is insufficient, and sanitation is poor [1-3]. However, it is now increasingly being diagnosed in other regions such as the United States, Western Europe, and Canada due to an increasing flow of immigrants from endemic areas who may have taeniasis or cysticercosis [4-7]. The parasite not only impacts human health, but also pig farmers and their communities. In humans, the larvae of the parasite (metacestodes) may migrate to the brain resulting in neurocysticercosis (NCC). The natural history of NCC infection remains poorly understood, and the proportion of cases with lesions in their brains that will manifest at some point during the course of the infection remains unknown. According to a recent systematic review of the literature, among diagnosed NCC patients who sought care in clinics where imaging was available, epileptic seizures were by far the most common presenting symptom, followed by headaches, focal deficits, and cranial hypertension/hydrocephalus [8]. Depression has been reported to be very common among NCC patients, but it has not been determined if this is due to the presence of epilepsy or NCC itself [9]. Other manifestations of NCC include stroke and dementia, but those aspects have been very poorly described [10, 11]. The social consequences of NCC possibly include stigmatization, incapacitation, and decreased work productivity. Epilepsy has been shown, in several countries, to lead to social discrimination, and NCC-associated epilepsy is no different. In many endemic countries, the stigma associated with epilepsy may have a greater impact on patients’ lives and families than the disease itself [12]. In addition, due to the reduction in quality of life and the psychological effects of the condition, work productivity might be further decreased.
Reverse Engineering XML

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A great number of existing XML documents in various domain such as electrical business have to be maintained in order to constantly adapt to a dynamically changing environment to keep pace with business needs. A DTD or XML schema in its current textual form commonly lacks clarity and readability, which makes the maintenance process tedious and error-prone. This paper presents an approach to reverse engineering the XML documents to conceptual model, which makes the XML documents more close to real world and business needs, let the designers quickly gain a picture of the overall structure of XML documents in order to improve its quality, increase the maintainability and reusability. In this paper, the conceptual model is described by UML class diagram, a three-level model is defined, and a novel approach for extracting various structure and semantic information from existing DTD is given, especially the inheritance structure can be inferred from the DTD structure
Ultrasound Treatment Increases Transfection Efficiency of Low Molecular Weight Chitosan in Fibroblasts but Not in KB Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to optimize transfection efficiency (TE) of the depolymerized low molecular weight (LW) chitosan with molecular weight (Mw) at 16 kDa and 54% degree of deacetylation (DDA) on three primary cells of fibroblast (F), dental pulp (P), and periodontal ligament (PDL). The effect of low frequency ultrasound treatment on the chitosan-DNA complexes prior transfection on TE was also evaluated. This LW chitosan required high N/P ratio (>34) to bind DNA completely. An N/P ratio above 56 tended to improve TE in most primary cells nearly at the level of Lipofectamine. Ultrasonication can reduce the aggregation and sizes of the chitosan-DNA microparticles. It increased TE of F cells at an N/P ratio above 34, which was higher than Lipofectamine. However, this ultrasound treatment caused loss of TE in KB cells. MTT assay of these chitosan-DNA complexes revealed no significant cytotoxicity to both KB and F cells. This LW chitosan has potential for further development into a safer alternative to gene delivery systems in various cells of interest; however the optimal conditions have to be adjusted, depending on each cell source.
Process simulation of manufacturing SS Wiener Sausages

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Slaturfelag Suðurlands svf is the biggest producer of Wiener Sausages for the Icelandic market. The sausages are the most valuable brand the company has. The demand is very seasonal and cannot be stored. Therefore the production must be able to double over the summertime compared to the wintertime. SS is producing the sausages every workday over the year. It is essential to have a good overview of all processes in the system and to know the maximum throughput the system can handle. Continuous improvements has to be ongoing every day.

Simulation is a useful tool to analyze, investigate, and test new methods and layout within production systems. The study aims to analyze and simulate the production process of SS Wiener Sausages in order to gain a better knowledge of the capability of the process, to know if bottlenecks are in the system, and to be able to test different scenarios of starting conditions and layouts. The software Simul8 was used to do the simulation. Based on average yearly production, the current layout of the process was set up as a model, and the flow analyzed for different starting conditions. Different setups of the process were tested where new ovens and rapid cooler were added into the system.

The results indicated that the current system could handle the average production without any significant problems but when the demand increases some action is needed to get better throughput. The result also indicated where threats of bottlenecks are, and possible action is listed to minimize the threats. To be able to get more throughput and make the flow better to meet increasing demand, one has to look at more automation and invest in more machines.; Slaturfelag Suðurlands svf framleiðir mikið magn af vinarpylsum a hverju ari a Islandsmarkað og eru pylsurnar verðmaetasta vorumerkið sem fyrirtaekið framleiðir. Framleiðslan er mjog arstiðabundin og þarf hun að geta allt að tvofaldast miðað við vetrartimann til að geta annað eftirspurninni. Þar sem verið er að framleiða pylsurnar alla virka daga arsins skiptir mali að þekkja vel alla ferla i kerfinu og hvað er haegt að na miklum afkostum ut ur ferlinu. Einnig þarf stoðugt að vinna að urbotum.

Hermun er gott taeki til að greina, fylgjast með og prufa nýjar aðferðir i framleiðslukerfum. Markmið verkefnisins er að greina og herma framleiðsluferil SS pylsna til að vita afkosts hans, hvort floskuhalsar eru i kerfinu og hvaða ahrif breytingar geta haft a afkost ferilsins. Forritið Simul8 er notað til að herma. Gengið er ut fra meðalframleiðslu a dag yfir arið og er nuverandi framleiðsluferill settur upp sem likan og greint hvernig flaeðið er. Einnig er likanið greint ut fra tvofoldu magni. Mismunandi uppsetningar a framleiðsluferlinum eru einnig skoðaðar.

Niðurstoður gefa til kynna að nuverandi kerfi hondli an mikilla vandraeða meðal framleiðslumagn en þegar magn eykst þarf að gripa til aðgerða. Benda niðurstoður til þess að baeta þurfi flaeði a nokkrum stoðum og tillogur til urbota og ahrif þeirra greind. Til að geta aukið framleiðslu an mikilla…
No Difference in Systolic Dysfunction from Left Ventricular Pressure-Volume Loop’s Area and Stroke Work Between Chronic Late Load vs. Early Systolic LV Load in Porcine Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

&lt;i&gt;Background: &lt;/i&gt;in increased LV afterload as in hypertension, early systolic LV dysfunction (SD) in late compares to early peak systolic LV load for P-V area, stroke work, potential energy with effective LV work (EW) is not being defined (aortic stenosis, arterial hypertension or coarctation of the aorta) in LVH remodeling. &lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt; to assess in porcine model how LV stroke work, PVA and EW are related to LVH remodeling in developing early SD with HF, between 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; vs 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; week in chronic LL compares to EL. It is suggested that reduced proximal thoracic or asc. aortic compliance results with myocardial ischemia. However, difference for LV O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; demand and effective LV work in different LV afterload is not understood in early development systolic HF. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; in fourteen domestic male pigs (28±3 kg) with moderate descending aortic banding having chronic late LV load (LL=8) or ascending aortic stenosis with early systolic LV load (EL=6) SD was assessed, from PVA, in invasive LV pressure-volume loops’ measurements, at 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; vs. 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; week, to assess LV maximal ESPVR, with Millar 5Fr P-V pig-tailed conductance catheter. LV stroke work, and pressure-volume area PVA, reflecting the maximal LV O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; demand were assessed in chronic LL compares to EL from nonlinear regression analysis of maximal LV end-systolic stiffness, in special software. For variance analysis, two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed, with normality assessment. Results are means±(SEM) or medians for significant p&lt;0.05. &lt;i&gt;Results: &lt;/i&gt;LV PVA was not different, in LL compared to EL at 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; vs. 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; week. LV stroke work with effective works were not different and potential energy, neither were changed between 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; vs. 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; week. No difference was found in different LV afterload, in both indexed and absolute LVO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; demand, in LL vs. EL at 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; or 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; week. Indexed PVA parameters with LV stroke work, effective work and potential energy were not different or changed in LL compares to EL between 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; vs. 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; weeks, normalized per body surface-area (in m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;). &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Both absolute and indexed LV stroke work, potential LV energy, PVA with EW and maximum LV O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; demand are not different in LL compares to EL at 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; vs. 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; week of LVH remodeling, indicating no difference in early SD development in increased late vs. early LV afterload.
Bridging the gap between biological and sedimentological processes in ooid formation : Crystalizing F.A. FOREL's vision

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Today, biomineralisation s.l. processes constitute a growing branch of research within the fast evolving field of geomicrobiology. These processes include those influenced and/or induced by microorganisms referring as organomineralization (Dupraz et al. 2009). The study of these processes was already among the multiple scientific interests of F.-A. Forel ! As early as the second half of the 19th century he confirmed some of the findings of other contemporaneous Swiss naturalists. In the third volume of his renowned book “Le Léman” he mentioned …les naturalistes neuchâtelois ont étudié les sculptures admirablement développées sur les galets de la rive des lacs du pied du Jura, et les ont attribuées à l'action d'une algue Cyanophyscée… From this starting point he further speculated about the nature of the bio-chemical processes involved in the precipitation of these lacustrine carbonates. At the time many of the advanced hypothesis remained as such due to the lack of detailed knowledge about these organisms, their metabolisms and the associated chemical reactions that they may produce. This was due to methodological limitations that did not allow the observation and monitoring of these microorganisms neither in situ nor in the laboratory. How far have we gone since Forel's early observations ? In this contribution we summarize the results of very recent investigations carried out in the shallow area of western Lake Geneva (Switzerland) that demonstrate, as forecasted by Forel and other contemporaneous naturalists, the critical role of cyanobacteria in the formation of ooids or carbonate coated sand grains.
Calcium and Mitosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although the mechanism of calcium regulation is not understood, there is evidence that calcium plays a role in mitosis. Experiments conducted show that: (1) the spindle apparatus contains a highly developed membrane system that has many characteristics of sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle; (2) this membrane system contains calcium; and (3) there are ionic fluxes occurring during mitosis which can be seen by a variety of fluorescence probes. Whether the process of mitosis can be modulated by experimentally modulating calcium is discussed.
Connecting generic pedagogical knowledge with practice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, we introduce the concept of professional vision to assess aspects of pre-service teachers' knowledge referring to the contextualised and situated nature of real-world demands of the teaching profession. We use the concept to describe how pre-service teachers draw on their pedagogical, declarative-conceptual knowledge about effective teaching and learning to notice and interpret relevant features of classroom situations. In this chapter, we describe in a first section how the structure of pre-service teachers' professional vision is modelled. Based on the theoretical assumed structure, we outline in section two how pre-service teachers' professional vision is assessed by a standardised, formative approach. Finally, in section three we summarise findings with regard to the question how pre-service teachers change their professional vision within university-based teacher education.
A Method for Range Alignment Based on Coherent Echoes by Wideband Radar

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The problem of range alignment in Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) imaging has been discussed for many years and the methods have been successfully used in real data processing. But all these methods are based on incoherent echoes, which can't utilize the coherence of the echoes. As a result, they are of computational complexity and lead to low precision. In this paper, we propose a new method, which makes good use of coherent echoes. It uses the envelope correlation and the curve fitting, which is simple and is verified by real data.
Effects of Chitosan on Cisplatin-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in an Animal Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction:We examined the effects of chitosan (CTS) for reducing cisplatin (CIS)-induced hepatorenal toxicity in a rat model.Methods:A hepatorenal toxicity model was established by administering a single dose of 7 mg/kg CIS intraperitoneally (i.p) to Wistar albino rats. After seven days of once-daily normal saline or CTS (200 mg/kg; po) treatment, liver and kidney tissue samples were obtained from rats and Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caspase-3 expression levels were evaluated by Western blotting method. Histologically, structural damage was measured under a light microscope, and the degree of damage to organs was evaluated by a scoring system.Results:CIS-induced hepatorenal damage was reversed with CTS treatment in the renal and hepatic tissues (p<0.05). Overall, CIS-induced increases in apoptotic parameters, Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caspase-3 expression, were reversed by CTS treatment (p<0.05).Conclusion:It was determined that CTS, a biopolymer, may have a protective effect by preventing hepatorenal damage caused by CIS.
Neotectonic vertical movements of the South Sikhote-Alin and characteristics of self-similarity of the stream network

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Morphostructural analysis of the relief and fractal analysis of the stream network of the South of the Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt were carried out. The formation of the relief at the neotectonic stage occurred in several stages, which was reflected in the stream network pattern: 1) during pre-Oligocene time there was a general uplift of Sikhote-Alin; 2) in the Pliocene there was an activation of vertical neotectonic movements, most intense to the East of the Central Sikhote-Alin fault and synchronous whith basalt volcanism; 3) in the Pleistocene vertical movements of significant amplitude did not occur, at this time the modern erosion-denudation relief of the region was formed; 4) at the end of the Pleistocene and in Holocene there was a slight activation of vertical movements to the East of the Central Sikhote-Alin fault, which was reflected in the peculiarities of residual relief. Comparison of morphological and fractal analysis results showed, that the maximum of complex parameter of self-similarity PRNS coincide with the areas of greatest increments in elevation and the minima is the smallest increment of relief or whith the areas whith most significant erosion. In regions with the stage character of neotectonic development during fractal analysis of stream network it is necessary to consider additional factors due to the peculiarities of development of the stream network at each stage of development, and conservative of its pattern, reflecting features of the development of the relief in different stages.
Application of Seamless Prism Light Guide Used in a Room with High Temperature and Humidity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It has been long time for lighting designers to solve the problem of lighting in some special rooms such as high temperature and humidity rooms. In this paper, a seamless prism light guide made by extruding technique and its application in a concrete-curing room with high temperature and humidity is introduced. The illuminance level and uniformity of the room has been improved greatly by application of the guide. The average illuminance on working surface created by the seamless light guide system is 19.2 lux while that created by the original lighting fixtures is 6.2 lux. The application of the seamless light guide system also makes the maintaining work easier and safer.
Use of portionwise extractant feeding for the extraction of metal ions from aqueous solutions with tributyl phosphate

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A procedure involving portionwise extractant feeding was suggested for improving the characteristics of selective extraction of metal ions from aqueous solutions. This procedure enhances the extraction of metal ions into the organic phase, reduces the extractant consumption, and increases the distribution ratio of metals between the organic and aqueous phases and the metal separation factor in extraction.
Étude structurale de V5Te8

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Vanadium tellurides whose compositions are near V₀.₆₂₅Te are described. Such compounds present two different structures, with ordered vacancies, related to the B8 type (hexagonal unit cell a', c'). Samples quenched from 800° C belong to the homogeneity range of the V3Te4 phase (Space group I 2/m-C[2h]³). The body-centered monoclinic unit cell parameters are : a (# a'√3) = 6.572 ± 0.009 Å ; b (# a') = 3.676 ± 0.003 Å ; c (#2 c ') = 12.635 ± 0.007 Å ; ß = 90° 50' ± 5'. The compounds obtained after slow cooling are isotypes of V₅Se₈ and V₅S₈ (Space group F 2/m-C[2h]³). The new parameters (monoclinic F unit cell) are : a (# 2a'√3) = 12.874 ± 0.020 Å ; b (# 2a') = 7.580 ± 0.010 Å ; c (# 2c') = 12.63 ± 0.02 Å ; ß = 90° 49' ± 5' The main difference between the two structures lies in the distribution of vanadium atoms and vacancies in the (00l) vacancy planes.
Asymptotic parabolicity for strongly damped wave equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

For $S$ a positive selfadjoint operator on a Hilbert space, \[ \frac{d^2u}{dt}(t) + 2 F(S)\frac{du}{dt}(t) + S^2u(t)=0 \] describes a class of wave equations with strong friction or damping if $F$ is a positive Borel function. Under suitable hypotheses, it is shown that \[ u(t)=v(t)+ w(t) \] where $v$ satisfies \[ 2F(S)\frac{dv}{dt}(t)+ S^2v(t)=0 \] and \[ \frac{w(t)}{\|v(t)\|} \rightarrow 0, \; \text{as} \; t \rightarrow +\infty. \] The required initial condition $v(0)$ is given in a canonical way in terms of $u(0)$, $u'(0)$.
The return of Menachem Mendel: Sholem Aleichem as a political commentator

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article analyses historical, political and ideological aspects of Sholem Aleichem's collection of political feuilletons, Menachem Mendel. Der tsveiter tom (Menachem Mendel. The second volume). The feuilletons were published in the newspaper Haynt (Today) in Warsaw in 1913. They were written as correspondence between the famous personages of Sholem Aleichem's prose, Menachem Mendel and his wife Sheyne Sheyndl. Menachem Mendel. Der tsveiter tom presents a wide panoramic view of the political and everyday life of Russian Jewry on the eve of the First World War. Sholem Aleichem described many aspects and events of world, and of Russian and Russian-Jewish politics, among them the Balkan Wars, the 11th Zionist Congress in Vienna, Jewish emigration, the Jewish question in the imperial Russian State Duma, expulsion of Jews from villages in the Russian Empire, the territorialist movement and the struggle between Yiddish and Hebrew. In 1913, Russian Jews were, on the one hand, an oppressed minority locked in the Pale of Settlement, but on the other a real subject of Russian and world politics, involved with political parties and civil movements, newspapers, leaders, congresses and the like. Within Sholem Aleichem's final half-fictional half-journalistic work a complicated collective portrait of Russian Jews emerges.