jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Incision size and intraocular lens implantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An overview of the trends in incision size for cataract surgery are encapsulated in the paper by Drews in this issue. His findings echo the experience of most ophthalmic surgeons worldwide—larger incisions are associated with a greater degree of astigmatism and wound instability. The 2.0 mm unsutured incision used for peripheral iridectomy showed minimally induced astigmatism, which was similar to the result in a nonsurgical control group followed for the same period. These findings raise the issue of the optimal size of a cataract incision given present-day technology for cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Is there a minimum size that is most desirable, and do we truly attain the size we claim to achieve? We know from cadaver eye studies that folding an IOL with a forceps or in an implantation device distorts the postcataract incision by 11%.1 Other clinical studies have indicated that the incision is enlarged with implantation of a foldable IOL.2,3 The notion that an IOL can be implanted through a 2.8 mm incision reflects the possibility of inserting an implantation instrument within an incision of this size, but in reality the resultant width of the incision is much larger. In another paper in this issue, Mamalis describes the consequences of using implantation forceps for 2 types of foldable IOLs, silicone and acrylic, and an injector for 2 types of silicone IOLs of different designs. He demonstrates an increase in the postimplantation incision size with both forceps and injector implantation techniques. The increase in incision size width is slightly smaller with the injector, however, and is not influenced by the IOL power. The forceps-delivery-group incision sizes are influenced by higher IOL powers. Although we can intuitively project the results of these findings, it would be helpful to understand their clinical significance. If incisions are enlarged to an appropriate size for a particular IOL design, power, and implantation device, it seems logical that wound distortion would be minimized. What benefit does enlarging an incision have for the ultimate outcome of the patient? Does a larger incision in the context of phacoemulsification become more unstable over time? Is it associated with greater degrees of astigmatism? Does one technique of implantation have greater usefulness than another for a particular lens or a particular eye? Is there compelling evidence for a claim of superiority of one method of implantation, forceps or injector? The answers to these questions are basic to our understanding of present techniques and will guide our development of newer techniques. The results of this study are important in describing realistic parameters for incision size after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. It will be beneficial to track the clinical course of these eyes for a longer period. This exercise can be readily adopted by each ophthalmic surgeon. How incisions behave with the particular techniques of a single surgeon is a relevant indicator of the surgical outcome.
Comparison of Donor Satisfaction between In-house Blood Donation and Mobile Blood Donation Campaigns in Sri Lanka

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A BSTRACT Background and Objectives: National Blood Transfusion Service of Sri Lanka collects blood only from voluntary nonremunerated blood donors. Majority of the blood collection are from mobile blood donation campaigns and a small percentage of donations are made at the blood banks. Donor satisfaction is important in retention of recruited blood donors. This study was designed to determine the factors affecting donor satisfaction and compare the donor satisfaction between in-house donors and donors donated at the mobile blood donation campaigns. Methodology: The study was carried out at a major regional blood center in Sri Lanka. After donating blood, the donors were given a feedback form at the mobile blood donation campaigns and at the blood bank for in-house donors. Questions were focused on the communication skills, empathy, responsiveness, infrastructure, and the overall satisfaction. The collected data were analyzed using the SAS statistical software. Correlation and regression tests are used to assess the relationship between those factors and the satisfaction. The Mann–Whitney U -test was used to compare in-house donors and mobile donors. Results: A total of 350 blood donors were included in the study group. With respect to correlation and regression, communication skills, empathy, responsiveness, and infrastructure affect blood donor satisfaction significantly in both groups. Furthermore, satisfaction of in-house donors is 4.76 and 4.52 in mobile donors. There is no significant difference in overall satisfaction ( P = 0.1093). Conclusion: All things considered, donor satisfaction plays an important role in blood bank practice, because blood is collected from voluntary donors. Communication skills, empathy, responsiveness, and infrastructure affect the overall satisfaction. In terms of donor satisfaction, blood donors are satisfied about the overall services provided by the transfusion service.
Study of Humoral Responses against Lomentospora/Scedosporium spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus to Identify L. prolificans Antigens of Interest for Diagnosis and Treatment

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The high mortality rates of Lomentospora prolificans infections are due, above all, to the tendency of the fungus to infect weakened hosts, late diagnosis and a lack of effective therapeutic treatments. To identify proteins of significance for diagnosis, therapy or prophylaxis, immunoproteomics-based studies are especially important. Consequently, in this study murine disseminated infections were carried out using L. prolificans, Scedosporium aurantiacum, Scedosporium boydii and Aspergillus fumigatus, and their sera used to identify the most immunoreactive proteins of L. prolificans total extract and secreted proteins. The results showed that L. prolificans was the most virulent species and its infections were characterized by a high fungal load in several organs, including the brain. The proteomics study showed a high cross-reactivity between Scedosporium/Lomentospora species, but not with A. fumigatus. Among the antigens identified were, proteasomal ubiquitin receptor, carboxypeptidase, Vps28, HAD-like hydrolase, GH16, cerato-platanin and a protein of unknown function that showed no or low homology with humans. Finally, Hsp70 deserves a special mention as it was the main antigen recognized by Scedosporium/Lomentospora species in both secretome and total extract. In conclusion, this study identifies antigens of L. prolificans that can be considered as potential candidates for use in diagnosis and as therapeutic targets and the production of vaccines.
Isolation and Characterization of a Xylanolytic Bacterium, Bacillus sp. MX47

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A xylanolytic bacterial strain, MX47, was isolated from rotting plant matter in soil. The strain was aerobic and gram positive, and grew between pH 6.0 and 11.0. Cells were susceptible to thiostrepton and chloramphenicol. The major fatty acids (>3%) comprised 64.55% of iso-, 22.76% of anteiso-, and 3.92% of iso-. The G/C content of the DNA was 44.15 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). Searches for 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity as well as phylogenetic analyses strongly suggested that the strain should be classified to the genus Bacillus. However, its biochemical characteristics, including acid production and enzyme activities, are different from those of other Bacillus strains in the same clade, and therefore, we propose the name Bacillus sp. MX47.
The influence of eco-friendly marketing tools on sustainable consumer choices: A comprehensive review study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study explores the complexities surrounding eco-friendly marketing tools, specifically environmental advertisements, eco-labels, and eco-brands, and their influence on consumer choices towards sustainability. The purpose of this research is to understand how these tools shape consumer preferences and impact real-world buying behaviour amid the growing interest in eco-friendly products. The methodology involves a comprehensive review of existing literature to identify key factors that drive sustainable consumer choices. Findings reveal that brand authenticity, demonstrated through transparency and certifications, significantly influences consumer preferences. Eco-labels serve as visual indicators that establish a product’s environmental credentials, while brand identity and corporate social responsibility play crucial roles in shaping consumer behaviour towards environmentally conscious products. The study highlights the importance of emotional appeal in environmental advertisements, the impact of persuasive messaging, and the role of visual representations in influencing consumer behaviour. This research offers original insights into the effectiveness of eco-friendly marketing tools and provides valuable recommendations for brands aiming to enhance their sustainable marketing strategies.
LHD 10-AD25-Div01 #191860.5 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 10-O Right port camera, where ROI is (898,158) - (1014,420) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
Metals and metalloids in mussels from the Argentine Patagonia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Mussels are bioaccumulative organisms that are used to monitor marine environments. The levels of 19 metals and metalloids were determined in Mytilus edulis platensis in three sites of the San Jorge Gulf: Bahía Solano (BS), Punta Maqueda (PM) and Km 3 (KM3). The limit values of contaminants As: 16; Cd: 3.7; Cu: 10; Ni: 3.4; Pb: 3.2 and Zn: 200, in μg/g dry weight, were not reached in the sampling sites, except for Cd in PM. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed a relationship between PM and high levels of Cd, between KM3 and high levels of Al, Cu, Pb and Zn, and between BS and high levels of Be, B, Sr and Ag. These results have contributed to the establishment of the state of situation in the spring of 2010 for 19 elements, which could be used in future studies of monitoring and assessment of the environmental risk owing to metal and metalloid contamination in the coasts of Argentine Patagonia.
Subcoalition Cluster Analysis: A New Method for Modeling Conflict in Organizations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Behavioral theories of organizational decision making emphasize that organizations are political coalitions. Despite considerable research by qualitative and ethnographic organizational researchers on the role of politics in decision making and organizational change, quantitative research on organizational politics and coalition-based decision making has largely stalled among management scholars studying behavioral strategy. The reason for the lack of progress in this area is not theoretical, but rather methodological; management scholars lack empirical tools for understanding basic processes of coalition formation, evolution, and conflict in organizations. We propose a novel algorithm for identifying groups of individuals in organizations with preferences capable of being aggregated consistently, or “subcoalitions”. The algorithm reveals the number of subcoalitions, preference profiles for and membership in each subcoalition, the extent to which each subcoalition reflects the preferences of its members, the sources and extent of conflict between the subcoalitions, and which members are most satisfied with their subcoalition’s preferences and which are likely to defect. In short, this methodology permits the analysis of coalition politics in organizations as described a half-century ago in March (1962). We then apply the algorithm to a test case: the recent difficulties of the members of the Baseball Writers Association of America agreeing on which candidates deserve induction into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
A genetic algorithm with local search using activity list characteristics for solving resource‐constrained project scheduling problem with multiple modes

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, we aim to solve the problem of resource‐constrained project scheduling with multiple modes (rc‐PSP/mM), in which multiple execution modes are available for each of the project's activity and with minimization of makespan as objective. We present a new genetic algorithm approach in order to solve this problem. In this procedure, we propose a new mutation operator that exploits a critical path and two new local search procedures, i.e. critical path improvement local search ( cpiLS ) and iterative forward/backward local search ( ifbLS ), using activity list characteristics. The cpiLS reduces the critical path and the ifbLS improves resource allocation of the schedule of rc‐PSP/mM. Also, to evaluate the proposed approach, we compare the results of the computational experiment on certain standard project instances with the several competing heuristic procedures presented in the literature, and it has been revealed that our procedure is one of the most competitive among the algorithms. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Sphingomyelin Species from Calf Brain, Ox Liver, Egg Yolk, and Krill Oil

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this study, molecular species of sphingomyelin (SM) in egg yolk, calf brain, ox liver, and krill oil were investigated. Classes of phospholipids (PLs) were purified, identified, and quantified by normal phase semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with evaporative light scattering detectors (ELSD). For SM molecular species identification, pure SM collected through a flow splitter was loaded to HPLC-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS(2)), with 100% methanol containing 5 mM ammonium formate as mobile phase. In addition to classes of PLs, the used approach allowed the determination of profiles of SM species in egg yolk, ox liver, and calf brain, whereas krill oil turned out not to contain any SM. It also allowed the separation and identification of SM subclasses, as well as tentative identification of species with the same molecular mass, including isomers. The results showed that egg yolk contained the highest proportion of (d18:1-16:0)SM (94.1%). The major SM molecular species in ox liver were (d18:1-16:0)SM (25.5%), (d18:1-23:0)SM (19.7%), (d18:1-24:0)SM (13.2%), and (d18:1-22:0)SM (12.5%). Calf brain SM was rich in species such as (d18:1-18:0)SM (40.7%), (d18:1-24:1)SM (17.1%), and (d18:1-20:0)SM (10.8%).
COVID-19 vaccination is highly effective to prevent SARS-CoV-2 circulation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: We provide here an analysis of effectiveness of primary coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and COVID-19 vaccine booster doses in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) infection. Methods: We retrieved information on COVID-19 vaccination and newly diagnosed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection from the weekly official report of the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS; Last available update, January 1, 2022). Results: At the time of our analysis, 39.9 million people completed a primary COVID-19 vaccination cycle, of whom 13.6 million (34.0%) <5 months from the last dose, whilst 5.7 million had also received COVID-19 vaccine booster doses. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 71% (OR, 0.29; 95%CI, 0.29-0.29) and 86% (OR, 0.14; 95%CI, 0.14-0.14) lower in people who received primary vaccination <5 months and booster doses <5 months compared to the unvaccinated population, but was also half (OR, 0.49; 95%CI, 0.48-0.49) in those who received booster doses <5 months compared to those who completed the primary vaccination <5 months. Conclusions: These results attest that COVID-19 vaccines not only reduce the risk of developing severe illness in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but shall also be considered reliable and effective means to limit virus circulation within the general population.
The 11th Five-Year Plan (2006–2010): A New Phase In The Development Of The Cultural Industry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 2007 volume of The China Society Yearbook, the second volume in the annual China Society Blue Book series to be translated into English, contains important facts and analysis from Chinese scholars on a wide array of issues in China. With over 1.3 billion people and continuous economic growth, Chinese society is experiencing changes on an unprecedented scale. Issues explored in this volume include the progress and goals of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, China's rural-to-urban migration, changes in the labor force, labor relations, and consumption habits, assessments of health care and education, analysis of China's demographic changes, and reports on China's security, social psychology, and living standards. Along with analysis, this volume offers recommendations and insight into the daunting issues and opportunities facing China as it moves towards a free-market system.
Clinical evaluation of efficacy and safety of and #945;-keto analogs of essential amino acids supplementation in patients of chronic kidney disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of α-keto analogs of essential amino acids (KAA) as a supplement in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted in patients of CKD of a tertiary care center of North India. Patients were randomly divided into two interventional groups. Group I (control) was advised conservative management and placebo while Group II (KAA) given conservative management along with KAA (600 mg, thrice daily) for 12 weeks. Hemogram, renal function tests, lipid profiles were done, and adverse effects were recorded at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. Results: There was progressive improvement in clinical features in both groups after 12 weeks of treatment, but KAA group showed more marked improvement as compared with the control group. Both groups showed gradual improvement in the biochemical parameters as compared to their pre-treated values, which was more marked in KAA supplemented group. There was a reduction in blood glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, and 24 h total urine protein. There was an increase in hemoglobin, 24 h total urine volume and glomerular filtration rate. KAA group showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in lipid profiles as compared with the control group. There was no statistical difference in two groups with respect to side-effects (p>0.05). Conclusion: KAA supplementation along with conservative management is efficacious and safe in preventing the progression of disease in patients of CKD.
Defenders of the Holy Land. Relations between the Latin East and the West, 1119–1187. By Jonathan Phillips, pp. xvi, 314. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1996. - The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade. Sources in translation. By Peter W. Edbury. pp. x, 196. Aldershot, Scholar Press, 1996.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Defenders of the Holy Land. Relations between the Latin East and the West, 1119–1187. By Jonathan Phillips, pp. xvi, 314. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1996. - The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade. Sources in translation. By Peter W. Edbury. pp. x, 196. Aldershot, Scholar Press, 1996. - Volume 9 Issue 2
Error correction capabilities of BCH codes with interleaving in Rayleigh fading channel

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Error correction capabilities of several BCH codes with different code lengths are investigated for a Rayleigh fading channel where burst bit errors occur frequently. The decoded BERs are compared under the same delay time condition for bit interleaving. Error sequences obtained from laboratory experiment are used for GMSK BER calculations. The results show that difference in the effects of code lengths on error correction capabilities is almost negligible under the slow fading with short delay time (short interleaving size) conditions.
S784 Factors Associated With the Development of Malnutrition Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Large Community-Based Healthcare System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) constitute a high-risk population for malnutrition, however little is known regarding the risk factors for malnutrition outside of referral centers. The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) is a nutritional screening tool recommended for a variety health conditions, including IBD. It is comprised of body mass index (BMI), recent weight loss and whether a patient will not have nutritional intake for more than 5 days. In the present study, we applied the MUST score to outpatients with IBD in a large, integrated healthcare system to identify predictors of malnutrition. Methods: This was a multi-center cross-sectional study that included 12,095 patients with either Ulcerative Colitis (UC) or Crohn’s Disease (CD) in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California region. Patients were included if they had ≥2 diagnoses of UC or CD between 1/1/2009 and 12/31/2019 on at least 2 different dates, and if they had at least 2 outpatient BMI measurements 3-6 months apart after the IBD diagnosis date. The primary outcome was MUST score. Demographics were obtained and baseline clinical characteristics were extracted within one year prior to MUST score calculation. We assessed associations between demographic and clinical characteristics with malnutrition risk (as defined by the MUST score) using logistic regression. Results: Using the MUST score, 10,475 (86.6%) patients were categorized as low risk for malnutrition and 1620 (13.4%) were categorized as medium or high risk. In univariate analysis, age, female sex, Asian race, CD, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), prior abdominal surgery, and immunomodulator, biologic and steroid use were all associated with increased risk of malnutrition (Table 1). In the final multivariable model, female sex (OR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.3-1.6), CD (OR 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1-1.3), CCI (OR 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1-1.6), prior abdominal surgery (OR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.5-2.7) and prior use of corticosteroids (OR 1.3; 95% CI: 1.2-1.5) remained significant predictors of medium/high malnutrition risk (Table 1). Age had a protective effect (OR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92-0.95, per 5-year unit). Conclusion: Crohn’s disease and markers of increased disease activity are important predictors of malnutrition risk, further supporting the role of disease control in malnutrition risk. Novel observations regarding age, gender, race, and comorbidity with malnutrition risk merit further study.Table 1.: Clinical characteristics of the study population