jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
New approaches using machine learning for fast shower simulation in ATLAS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Modeling the detector response to collisions is one of the most CPU expensive and time-consuming aspects in the LHC. The current ATLAS baseline, GEANT4, is highly CPU intensive. With the large collision dataset expected in the future, CPU usage becomes critical. During the LHC Run-1, a fast calorimeter simulation (FastCaloSim) was successfully used by ATLAS. FastCaloSim parametrizes the energy response of particles in the calorimeter cells, accounting for the lateral shower profile and the correlation of the energy deposition among various calorimeter layers. It significantly speeds up the calorimeter simulation. An improved version of FastCaloSim is currently under development to reduce CPU and memory requirements and to improve the physics description. The new FastCaloSim implements machine learning techniques, such as principal component analysis and neural networks. Other new ideas being investigated include using deep generative models such as Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). These models take into account the complex geometry of the ATLAS calorimeter and reproduce the shower characteristics. They are enhanced to handle different particle types and energy level variations simultaneously. This talk will describe these fast simulation methods, quantify the performance and discuss physics applications.
Introduction: Science and the Pursuit of Knowledge

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter introduce the two central themes of this book: the importance of knowledge in science and philosophy of science, and the thoroughgoing rejection of empiricism. These themes are illustrated with some brief remarks on the history of science and then through three more detailed examples of modern science from palaeontology, meteorology, and particle physics. The chapter concludes with a synopsis of the remainder of the book.
Measuring Myoelectric Potential Patterns BasedonTwo-Dimensional Signal Transmission Technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Inthis paper, we propose anewman-machine interface whichmeasures two-dimensional patterns of myoelectric potentials fromasurface ofaforearm. Measuring highdensity 2Dpatterns ofthemyoelectric signals makesitpossible topredict themovements ofone's fingers andforearm before alimbactually moves. Thekeyissue is thewiring toeachelectrode forrealizing suchadevice that covers wholeareaoftheforearm withhighdensity elec- trode array. Thewires also constrain themotion oftheforearm. Tosolve this problem, weadopt aTwoDimensional Communication (TDC)sheet asasubstitution fortheindividual wires. Electrical powerisalso supplied through the TDCsheet toeachsensor bymicrowave aswellasthesignal. Basedonthis technology, weshowthat small sensing units without electrical contacts totheTDCsheet canmeasure theEMG signal free fromthecommonmodenoise.
HoQ-based evaluation of UHC competencies using an extension of interval-valued spherical fuzzy and hesitant 2-tuple linguistic term sets

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Healthy life is recognized as one of the most fundamental human rights. However, even today, millions of people around the world are forced to choose between their basic needs and fundamental rights. Half of the world’s population does not have access to the healthcare they need. Universal Health Coverage (UHC) aims to ensure that all individuals receive the quality health services they need without incurring a financial burden, and to protect them from risk factors that threaten their health. The aim of this study is to identify the significant factors to improve UHC in the countries. For this purpose, house of quality (HoQ) approach is used in the analysis process so that both customer expectations and technical requirements are considered. Within this framework, a novel hybrid model has been proposed which has three different stages. Firstly, 3 groups of diseases and 4 clinical services for each group are determined regarding the customer needs. Secondly, these factors are weighted by using interval-valued intuitionistic hesitant 2-tuple fuzzy decision making and trial evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL). In the final stage, 9 different technical requirements are ranked by using interval-valued intuitionistic hesitant 2-tuple fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Additionally, another evaluation has also been conducted by considering Spherical fuzzy sets. Similarly, a comparative analysis has also been performed with VIKOR while ranking the alternatives. It is concluded that analysis results of both evaluations are quite similar. This situation gives an information about the coherency and consistency of the analysis results. The findings indicate that treatment services in noncommunicable diseases play the most significant role in this respect. Moreover, according to the ranking results, it is concluded that strategic policies should be related to improving the social security and special physician capacity as well as decreasing the out-of-pocket payment.
Validating the growth increment periodicity in the otoliths of three small progenetic gobies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We determined the efficacy of marking the otoliths of three small-sized progenetic gobies to validate their increment periodicity. These small gobies have high mortalities and rearing difficulties, making direct validation difficult. The otoliths were marked by immersing the fish in a bath of alizarin red S. The fishes were euthanatized and the number of increments in their otoliths laid down after the fluorescent mark were counted and compared with the number of elapsed days. The results validated the daily periodicity of Aphia minuta and Pseudaphya ferreri. The high mortality hindered the validation of Crystallogobius linearis.
Development of evaluation utilities for the internet-based wellness cycle ergometer system

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

It is anticipated to offer a safe and optimal exercise environment for the elderly when they want to perform exercise for keeping health. In this paper, we present an Internet-based cycle ergometer health promotion system that aims at supporting appropriate and sustainable personal fitting process for individual elderly persons. Since the elderly shows great individual differences during exercise, continuously supported and appropriate workload control has been implemented according to different exercise levels of each subject by considered historic data. Moreover, it is conceivable to take continuous exercise by using our proposed system at any time and at any possible place. A sport doctor analysis tool (SDAT) has been developed to assist experts for providing improved individual exercise protocols.
Referral of a Periodontal Patient- When & Why?

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT PLast two decades have seen vast increase in the knowledge of the periodontal disease process, its pathology & also a sudden rise in various treatment modalities to cure it. With periodontitis being one of the most common diseases affecting the oral cavity, the interest in periodontics has risen over last decades. Still the referral process for periodontal patients is not as common as for other specialties of dentistry. This is despite the fact that it may not be possible for many of the general dentists to effectively treat periodontal patients and provide optimal care. The general dentists need to understand what periodontists do & what value they bring to patient care as the scope of periodontal practice has broadened. This article stresses on the importance of referral process of a periodontal patient in general practice as team approach always works better.
Al-Taá¸¥ÄwulÄt al-JadÄ«dah fi Taâ€™lÄ«m al-Lugah al-'Arabiyyah li al-NÄá¹iqÄ«na bi Gairiha fi al-Mustawa al-JÄmiâ€™Ä«

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of Arabic learning for the Indonesian people is not only to understand religion. In fact, Arabic learning has undergone a change in orientation towards a more perfect direction. The purpose of this article is to understand (1) the orientation of Arabic learning in tertiary institutions, (2) models of transformation of Arabic learning in higher education based on a new orientation of Arabic learning. So far this aspect has not been paid attention to in existing studies. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive analysis model. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation and documentation. Data were analyzed from the start of data collection, then data description and data reduction, then verification in detail. The results of this study indicate that there is a change in orientation in learning Arabic in Indonesian universities, which previously only oriented maharah qira'ah to understand religious texts, to become perfectly oriented to master the four language skills. A new transformation model is being carried out by several universities that teach Arabic, characterized by intensive learning using a modern curriculum and the availability of an appropriate language environment. In conclusion, it turns out that learning Arabic in Indonesia leads to a better direction if it is consistent with a new orientation and follows the development of language learning in other worlds.
A patient with acquired hemophilia A diagnosed during the induction period of hemodialysis: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は73歳,女性.高血圧,糖尿病,慢性関節リウマチ,慢性腎不全の診断にて前医で外来治療を受けていた.2007年6月から全身性の浮腫が増悪し,貧血の悪化と腎不全が進行したため前医に入院し,血液透析へ導入された.透析導入後のバスキュラーアクセスは両側大腿静脈の直接穿刺が施行されていたが,穿刺部である左大腿部に巨大な血腫が生じ,同時に左膝関節内出血と消化管出血が認められた.血液検査にて活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間の延長,第VIII因子の低下が認められ,さらに抗第VIII因子抗体が39BU/mLと高値であったため,後天性血友病Aと診断された.当院に転院した後,バスキュラーアクセスカテーテルを右大腿静脈に留置し,週3回4時間の維持透析を継続した.出血性の症状に対する治療のために活性化プロトロンビン製剤を使用し,免疫学的療法として副腎皮質ホルモンの内服を開始した.出血傾向が改善した後,内シャント造設術を施行した.後天性血友病は徐々に改善し,内シャントの使用を開始した後,前医に転院した.血液透析を契機に後天性血友病が発見されるのはまれであり,血液透析や内シャント手術を実施するためにも,出血傾向をコントロールすることが重要であると考えられた.
Comparison of multidimensional flow cytometric data by a novel data mining technique

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Most flow/image cytometric data analysis methods look for clusters in the data corresponding to specific cell subpopulations. Comparisons between different cytometry datafiles often use human pattern recognition visualization of all the different combinations of variables ("parameters") two at a time in so-called bivariate scattergrams. Not only is this tedious, but it can miss potential clusters due to projection of higher dimensional dataspaces down onto two dimensional planes making them indiscernible as separate clusters. Novel data mining algorithms, implemented in software allow for the comparison of two or more higher dimensional datafiles without the requirement for reduction of dimensionality for human visualization. Of equal importance is the comparison of higher dimensional clusters which may move around slightly in space, yet still be "similar" according to algorithms which provide measures of similarity. This software, written in C/C++ and currently implemented in software with a Windows graphical user interface, allows for direct reading of FCS2.0 format flow cytometry datafiles of any number of parameters. In a few minutes or less, complex multiparameter data of two or more files can be compared on a personal computer or workstation. The software operates in either supervised or unsupervised mode, depending on whether the user wishes to include prior user knowledge or in a data mining discovery mode. Differences between these files can be exported as sub-datafiles which can be further analyzed using any other software that can read FCS2.0 data format.
Mass spectral studies on steroidal compounds—I: Steroidal 6‐one ethylene acetals

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The mass spectra of several steroidal 6‐one ethylene acetals have been examined. The spectra of I and II are conspicuous by an intense [M — 55] peak. This differentiates them from other acetals reported in the present study. The acetals III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII show the expected behaviour related to the acetal IX. The fragmentation pathways suggested are supported by accurate mass measurement of the salient fragment ions and in some cases also by appropriate metastable peaks.
Comparison of coronary heart disease risk assessments among individuals with metabolic syndrome using three diagnostic definitions: a cross-sectional study from China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a notable risk factor of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, there are differences in the methods used to define MetS. The purpose of this study was to determine which MetS definition most fully reflects the 10-year probability of CHD based on the Framingham risk algorithm. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey and the Influencing Factors of Chronic Diseases Survey conducted among residents of Nanshan District in Shenzhen, China. Participants In total, 1721 participants aged 20–80 years were included in this study. Methods MetS was diagnosed according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel (revised NCEP-ATP III), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS). The NCEP-ATP III algorithm was used to calculate the Framingham risk score, and the Framingham risk score was used to define the probability of developing CHD within 10 years either as low (<6%), moderate (6%–10%), moderately high (10%–20%) or high (>20%). Chi-square tests with or without the Bonferroni correction were used to compare the differences in the distribution of the 10-year estimated risk of developing CHD among the three definitions. Results Compared with the other definitions, the revised NCEP-ATP III criteria identified more participants (30.96%, 95% CI 28.8% to 33.2%) as having MetS, while the CDS criteria showed the highest 10-year probability of developing CHD. The 10-year probability of developing CHD in the participants with MetS was significantly higher than that in the participants without MetS (CDS: χ 2 =157.65, revised ATP III: χ 2 =45.17, IDF: χ 2 =306.15, all p<0.001), and all definitions more fully reflect the CHD risk in men than in women (revised NCEP-ATP III: χ 2 =72.83; IDF: χ 2 =63.60; CDS: χ 2 =23.84; all p<0.001). Conclusions This study demonstrates the differences in the prevalence and distribution of the 10-year estimated risk of developing CHD based on the definition of MetS. A significant finding of this study is that the MetS definitions have better performance for men than for women. Further studies in China, especially longitudinal studies, are needed to determine which definition of MetS is best suited for predicting CHD risk.
Mechanical Strength Evaluation of a CuAlBe Shape Memory Alloy under Different Thermal Conditions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

CuAl shape memory alloys containing 0.6wt% and 0.65wt% was casted by induction melting at room temperature without protective atmosphere and their mechanical strength evaluated as a function of the temperature. It was observed that the melting at room temperature does not promote any difficulty to control de beryllium content. The ultimate stress to rupture drop significantly with decreasing the test temperature is such way that the alloys became brittle irrespective to beryllium content.
From Neuron Coverage to Steering Angle: Testing Autonomous Vehicles Effectively

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A Deep Neural Network (DNN) based system, such as the one used for autonomous vehicle operations, is a "black box" of complex interactions resulting in a classification or prediction. An important question for any such system is how to increase the reliability of, and consequently the trust in, the underlying model. To this end, researchers have largely resorted to adapting existing testing techniques. For example, similar to statement or branch coverage in traditional software testing, neuron coverage has been hypothesized as an effective metric for assessing a test suite's strength toward uncovering failures and anomalies in the DNN. We investigate the use of realistic transformations to create new images for testing a trained autonomous vehicle DNN, and its impact on neuron coverage as well as the model output.
Front cover

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Permissions Request permissions Front cover Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2023, 10, 1211 DOI: 10.1039/D3EN90017G This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given. Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.
Functions and Sales Arguments in Spanish Advertising. A Study on Female Representation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Advertising is responsible for developing part of the contemporary imaginaries, which tend to be imposed as referential frameworks, especially for strategic groups such as those embodied by young people. In this regard, in the following article we present the results of a study in which we evaluated 1520 images published in advertisements from the main Spanish high-end women's magazines (Cosmopolitan, Elle, Glamor, Telva and Vogue). The results in these publications highlight the presence of a restrictive body type for women, which imposes canons of beauty where thinness and slenderness prevail, and to which physical qualities are associated such as white ethnicity, light eyes tonalities, dark or light hair with a length between the shoulders and the chest, a palpable youth and extreme corporal perfection. And also, a pattern that characterizes women devoid of intellectual roles and arguments to purchase and sell, which is an example of symbolic power and objectification of the female body.
Lévinas and Heidegger: a strange conversation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Emmanuel Lévinas' favorable judgments regarding Heidegger's thought would eventually come with a specific reservation, as in the following response by Lévinas to a question in a recorded conversation with Dutch philosophers at the University of Leyden in March 1975: "It is from this idea that I have even understood better certain pages of Heidegger. You know, when I pay homage to Heidegger, it is always costly to me, not because of his incontestable brilliance, as you also know". Heidegger's major text Being and Time would seek to reopen the question concerning Being. Both Lévinas and Heidegger found that Jean Paul Sartre's ontological work is posed from the start within the context of the metaphysics of the tradition, which means, for Lévinas, an effort to reduce otherness to sameness, and, for Heidegger, an ongoing identification of Being with presence. Heidegger's thought is closer to metaphysica generalis than metaphysica specialis.
Tolerance to temporal sensing failure in feedforward learning control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In non-contact-type sensors, sensing may temporarily fail and indicate outliers due to occlusion. To address such failure, this paper proposes to adopt a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure with learning feedforward control. This structure turns out to be more tolerant than mere one-degree-of-freedom (1DOF) control in terms of response performance which is verified through both simulation and experiment.
Emergency department impact following the introduction of an electric scooter sharing service

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective We aimed to describe the impact on the single ED serving Dunedin, New Zealand, following the introduction of an electric‐scooter (e‐scooter) sharing service. Methods A retrospective cohort study comparing the number of vehicle related injuries during identical 6‐week periods in 2018 and 2019 was performed. A descriptive analysis of the subset of e‐scooter related presentations was undertaken. Results A total of 172 and 228 vehicle related injury presentations were identified in samples from 2018 and 2019, respectively. During the 2018 study period zero e‐scooter related ED presentations were identified. In 2019 there were 56 e‐scooter related ED presentations ( P ‐value <0.001) representing 54 events. There were 52 car, 21 motorbike and 62 bicycle related presentations during the same 2019 time period. Further descriptive analysis showed the majority of e‐scooter presentations were for minor injury. Fractures or dislocations were found in 17 (32%) patients and 14 (26%) patients sustained a head injury, one of which was severe. Isolated minor musculoskeletal injuries were seen in 25 (46%) patients. On average one ED bed was occupied by an e‐scooter patient for 2 h and 44 min each day during the 6‐week study period in 2019. Conclusion The introduction of an e‐scooter sharing service resulted in a new injury hazard. Our study presents the number of e‐scooter related ED presentations relative to other vehicles related injury visits and describes the injury patterns associated with e‐scooter use which may inform future public policy.
A rule to predict which enantiomer of a secondary alcohol reacts faster in reactions catalyzed by cholesterol esterase, lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia, and lipase from Candida rugosa

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA rule to predict which enantiomer of a secondary alcohol reacts faster in reactions catalyzed by cholesterol esterase, lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia, and lipase from Candida rugosaRomas J. Kazlauskas, Alexandra N. E. Weissfloch, Aviva T. Rappaport, and Louis A. CucciaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 8, 2656–2665Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00008a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00008a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5401Altmetric-Citations839LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts