jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Paul Ramsey

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Paul Ramsey (1913-88) is generally recognized as one of the foremost Christian ethicists of the twentieth century. His career spanned some forty years, most of it teaching in the religion department at Princeton University from the 1940s to the 1980s. He is probably best known for his contributions to just war theory and to medical ethics, but he has also exercised a tremendous influence upon the field of religious ethics in general, both in Protestant ethics and in Catholic moral theology. A good deal of attention has been given to Ramsey’s thought, resulting in, for example, a 1973 book on Ramsey by Charles Curran; a book of essays by various scholars, Love and Society: Essays in the Ethics of Paul Ramsey (1974); and an entire issue (fall 1991) of the Journal of Religious Ethics devoted to essays on Ramsey. But Ramsey’s use of the Bible has not been treated in any of these analyses, and very little on this subject can be found elsewhere.’
Entrapment of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and its effect on the absorption of phenylalanine in rabbit

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL) is a speed-limiting enzyme in the metabolism of phenylalanine in plant.It transforms L-phenylalanine into L-benzyl ethylformic acid.Since PAL is easily and widely obtained and has high stability,recently it has been used experimentally in the treatment of phenylketonuria and some cancers.Methods the PAL from Phaseolus radiatus L.was purified to homogeneity by exposure to light,salting out,and column chromatographies.The enzyme activity was determined with UV spectrophotography or KMnO_4 Oxidation.Results The PAL enzyme that was purified to 74.6 times was immobilized with polyacrylamide gel(PAG) and entrapped with nitro-cellulose.The specific activity and immobilizing ratio of the immobilized PAL by PAG was 1.53 U·g~(-1) dry gel and 65%.The immobilized enzyme was incubated in artificial gastric juice and in artificial pancreatic juice and the activities retained were determined at different intervals.The PAL immobilized by PAG could not be protected from proteolytic attack.When the immobilized PAL was entrapped by nitrocellulose,the coated corpuscles,which showed 2~11.4 μm spherical shapes in diameter,were more resistant to the proteolytic action.The entrapped PAL together with phenylalanine was injected into the intestinal lumen in narcotized rabbit,the serum phenylalanine concentration was lowered,the amounts absorbed diminished and the blood phenylalanine level elevated more slowly compared with the results of the non-PAL control.Conclusion There may be a good prospect for oral therapeutic use for phenylketonuria.
Unsupervised extraction of meaningful Nonlinear Principal Components applied for voice conversion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) is one of the most progressive computational tools developed during the last two decades. However, in spite of its proper performance in feature extraction and dimension reduction, it is considered as a blind processor which can not extract physical or meaningful factors from dataset. This paper presents a new distributed model of autoassociative neural network which increases meaningfulness degree of the extracted parameters. The model is implemented to perform voice conversion (VC) and, as it will be seen through comparisons, results in proper conversion quality.
Disparities in Text Messaging Interventions to Improve Diabetes Management in the United States

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Substantial progress has been made in the development of evidence-based interventions to facilitate the management of type 2 diabetes. The increase in ownership of mobile phones has made short messaging services (SMS, or text messaging) a feasible way to enhance information delivery. The goals of this study were to 1) summarize characteristics of diabetes SMS interventions implemented in the United States and 2) identify the extent to which disadvantaged populations are represented in SMS-based diabetes management intervention studies. We conducted a literature search to identify published studies of type 2 diabetes self-management SMS interventions conducted with adults in the United States. Of the 792 articles retrieved, only 9 met inclusion criteria. We systematically extracted data on the theoretical basis, recruitment, incentives, inclusion/exclusion criteria, strategies toward ensuring a racially/ethnically or income-diverse sample, text message delivery, and study duration. Sixty-three percent of the participants across the nine studies were non-white. Only two studies reported participants’ education level, and four captured non–English-speaking status. Interventions varied in offering one-way, two-way, or a combination of messaging strategies. Five studies did not describe cultural adaptations or report results separately for different cultural groups. None of the studies provided cell phones, and not having texting capability was an exclusion criterion for six studies. There is a dearth of published research on type 2 diabetes management interventions using text messaging among racially/ethnically or income-diverse populations. Future interventions should be better tailored to these target populations and include the collection of complete sociodemographic data and cell phone/smartphone availability, thereby ensuring cultural appropriateness.
Mental health sequelae in the perioperative period: An examination of perioperative dissociation, postoperative delirium, and posttraumatic stress

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Perioperative dissociation and postoperative delirium are adverse mental health outcomes that can occur in the context of surgery and are both independently associated with posttraumatic stress (PTS). Using quantitative and qualitative methodologies across two studies, this thesis aimed to identify whether symptom overlap exists between perioperative dissociation and postoperative delirium, examine how perioperative dissociation and postoperative delirium are associated with PTS (study 1; quantitative), understand how individuals describe and experience symptoms of dissociation and delirium, and examine the impact of these symptoms on the recovery process (study 2; qualitative). Both studies included a sub-sample of non-emergent surgical patients (study 1: n = 181; study 2: n = 5), aged 60 years and older, who participated in the Electroencephalography Guidance of Anesthesia to Alleviate Geriatric Syndromes (ENGAGES-CANADA; N = 492 at time of analysis) study. In study 1, a principal components analysis did not support symptom overlap between dissociation and delirium and multiple linear regressions revealed both symptom presentations were associated with PTS; however, differential relationships emerged according to the covariates included. Using qualitative methods informed by constructivist grounded theory, study 2 revealed a main theme of silence of perioperative mental health; participants did not describe or elaborate on perioperative mental health experiences when asked, and focused on their physical health-related experiences. Findings of these two studies highlight important similarities and differences between dissociation and delirium. In addition, results underscore the importance of communication, assessment, and monitoring of these symptoms, which may help reduce adverse perioperative mental health outcomes.
EFFECTS OF FUEL/AIR MIXTURE PREPARATION ON FUEL CONSUMPTION AND EXHAUST EMISSION IN A SPARK IGNITION ENGINE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new fuel injection system which can opitimize the fuel/air mixture preparation in accordance with engine operating conditions was investigated experimentally. The system offers the following merits: (a) minimizing fuel enrichment under cold start conditions to reduce hydrocarbon emissions and carbon monoxide emission; (b) getting a uniform fuel/air mixture under light load conditions to reduce engine speed fluctuation and fuel consumption; and (c) getting a fuel- filmless mixture under transient conditions to improve air-fuel response and reduce nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon emissions. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 869246.
Improvement of critical current density and residual resistivity on jelly-roll processed Nb/sub 3/Al superconducting wires

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The residual resistivity of copper stabilizer (/spl rho/), is deteriorated by the diffusion of chromium plated on the strand surface during heating of Nb/sub 3/Al strands. To improve this degradation, the copper stabilizer has been located on the center of the cross-section of the strand rather than near the strand surface. As a result, /spl rho/ is improved to one-sixth of previous value achieving 1.6/spl times/10/sup -10/ /spl Omega/m in a laboratory scale strand. The critical current density (J/sub c/) of this strand was 715 A/mm/sup 2/ at 12 T. This technique was applied to prototype strands to be used in a Nb/sub 3/Al Insert Coil developed in ITER R&D programme resulting in a /spl rho/ of 1.5/spl times/10/sup -10/ /spl Omega/m, which meets ITER specification. In addition, the improvement of J/sub c/ was also studied by two-stage reaction including a continuous heating procedure, which resulted in a J/sub c/ of 1130 A/mm/sup 2/ at 12 T and good longitudinal uniformity.
Approximate Analysis of Concrete Box Girder Bridges

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to show that the actual threedimensional behavior of a box girder bridge as predicted by a folded plate, finite strip, or finite element analysis can be approximated by using some simple membrane equations in conjunction with a plane frame analysis. This is a useful method since virtually all structural engineers have access to a plane frame computer program, while many have neither the access nor the inclination to use more sophisticated programs. In particular, the method allows the reinforcing and prestressing to be proportioned for transverse flexure, as well as the stirrups to be proportioned for longitudinal shear and torsion in single‐celled precast concrete segmental box girder bridges. Three numerical examples illustrate how the method may be applied to practical problems.
Lethal infection by Bordetella pertussis mutants in the infant mouse model

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Different aspects of lethal infection of infant mice with Bordetella pertussis were examined. Mutants deficient in vir-regulated genes were tested for the ability to cause a lethal infection in the infant mouse model. Adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin and pertussis toxin were required to cause a lethal infection at low doses. Mixed infection caused by challenging the mice with an equal number of pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin mutants at a dose at which neither alone was lethal was also unable to cause a lethal infection. Production of the filamentous hemagglutinin and the dermonecrotic toxin was not required to cause a lethal infection. Nine other mutants in vir-regulated genes whose phenotypes have yet to be determined were also tested. Only two of these mutants were impaired in the ability to cause a lethal infection. Expression of fimbriae does not appear to affect the dose required to cause a lethal infection; however, fimbrial expression was correlated with the later stages of a nonlethal, persistent infection. Growth of the bacteria in MgSO4, a condition which reversibly suppresses expression of the genes required for virulence, did not alter the ability of the bacteria to cause a lethal infection. Auxotrophic mutants deficient in leucine biosynthesis were as virulent as the parental strain; however, mutants deficient in methionine biosynthesis were less virulent. A B. parapertussis strain was much less effective in promoting a lethal infection than any of the wild-type B. pertussis strains examined. A persistent infection in the lungs was observed for weeks after challenge for mice given a sublethal dose of B. pertussis, and transmission from infected infants to the mother was never observed.
Construction and validation of an angiogenesis-related lncRNA signature to predict prognosis and immune landscape in colon adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Angiogenesis is critical for the progression, invasion, and metastasis of malignant tumors and is closely related to the prognosis of tumor patients. LncRNAs regulate tumor angiogenesis and progression and hold great promise as novel biomarkers and treatment targets for cancer. Since patients with progressive colon cancer have poor clinical outcomes, it is necessary to develop a novel risk model for patients with colon adenocarcinoma. In our study, we developed a risk model containing five lncRNAs to investigate the association between tumor angiogenesis and the prognosis of the patient and to predict the infiltration of the tumor immune microenvironment in COAD patients. Results The risk model independently predicted the prognosis of COAD patients and supported clinical drug selection. There were significant differences in prognosis and immune infiltration between the high and low-risk groups. Patients in the high-risk group had a worse prognosis and higher expression of CD31, CD34, and CD105, while patients in the low-risk group had the opposite. Conclusions We constructed an angiogenesis-related signature to predict the prognosis and immune infiltration of COAD patients, demonstrating that our risk model is closely connected with the tumor microenvironment. The angiogenesis-related risk model can provide helpful insights into facilitating anti-angiogenic therapy and immunotherapy in COAD patients.
Determination of Matrine and Rotenone Residues in Aquatic Products by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A method for the determination of matrine and rotenone residues in aquatic products by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometric method was described.The analytes were extracted from homogenised tissue using acetonitrile-ammonium acetate buffer.After adding sodium chloride to separate to the analytes by salting-out,the n-hexane was used to defat.Rapid chromatographic separation was achieved on Agilent Zobax SB-C18 column in the mobile phase composition of 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer consisting formic acid as ion-pair agent and acetonitrile.Detection is carried out using poistive-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.The method is accurate,specific and sensitive for the determination of matrine and rotenone residues in aquatic products in the concentration range of 0.001-0.05 mg/kg.The average recoveries and the relative standard deviation ranged from 82.3%-96.1% and 6.1%-12.6%,respectively,in spiked tissue samples at concentration levels ranging from 0.002 mg/kg to 0.2 mg/kg of each analytes.The limits of detection(LOD) of matrine and rotenone were 0.86 and 0.53 mg/kg respectively.This method is suitable for the determination of matrine and rotenone residues in aquactic products and the pharmacokinetics study.
LED Grow Lights Alter Sorghum Growth and Sugarcane Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Plant Interactions in a Controlled Environment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Normal growth and production of plant tissues requires water, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and light. Light-emitting diodes (LED) are being used increasingly as a substitute for fluorescent or incandescent light sources in greenhouse horticulture because of their small size, durability, wavelength specificity, long operating life, and efficiency in offering photosynthetically active radiation at lowered energy costs compared to conventional lights. However, studies conducted to test the effects of these lights reveal that spectral properties of light-emitting diodes can have dramatic effects on plant morphology, nutrient uptake, and pathogen development when plants are grown under the incorrect light spectrums. We grew sorghum plants under a light-emitting diode grow panel, and compared it to plants grown under conventional fluorescent lighting within identical environmental chambers. Light-emitting diode lighting resulted in deleterious sorghum growth with fewer true leaves formed, reduced plant height, lower chlorophyll content, and an unusual pink to purple coloration of the plant tissue when compared to sorghum grown under conventional lighting. All 4 of the different sorghums grown under light-emitting diodes had 2× the amount of biomass measured as dry weights for upper (stems and leaves) and lower (root mass) when compared to the conventional lighting. When sorghums were infested with sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), both light sources supported a similar number of aphids but plants grown under light-emitting diodes had higher damage ratings than those under conventional lights for both known resistant and susceptible sorghums. For future trials, sorghum should not be grown using the light-emitting diode lights when assessing host-plant resistance to aphid infestation.
Solitary cutaneous mastocytoma on the scalp of a child; a case report and review of literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mastocytomas are solitary mast cell tumors that are generally seen on the trunk and extremities. Childhood-onset mastocytomas of the scalp are extremely rare. We report a case of a one-and-a-half-year-old toddler boy that presented with a yellow-brown plaque on his scalp. Pathological evaluation s revealed mast cell accumulation in the upper dermis. These cells were uniform with a fried-egg appearance and had visible cytoplasmic granules with Wright-Giemsa staining. This study demonstrates the difficulty of diagnosing soli¬tary mastocytomas as it is a very rare disease and has non-specific clinical findings. In this study, a child with a rare solitary cutaneous mastocytoma on the scalp was evaluated and a review of previous literature was conducted.
Rh-positive blood for the Rh-negative patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.—

In the recent article by Eastwood, it would have been desirable to have measured serum electrolytes in each patient on the day before and shortly preceding the radiologic examination. In some of my patients there has been a significant fall in serum potassium or sodium levels due to the purgation prescribed in preparation for the barium enema. Hence, it is possible that hypokalemia may be a factor in some of the cases with arrhythmias associated with the procedure.
Numerical coupling strategy for the simulation of electromagnetic stirring

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work aims at developing a reliable and efficient strategy to simulate electromagnetic stirring applications in steelmaking industry, especially for in-mould stirring in continuous casting and for ingot casting processes. Several advanced numerical tools have been used to enhance the simulation capabilities and a coupling numerical scheme has been proposed to couple the different physics involved in the simulation. This coupling strategy has been developed in a commercial software focused on casting simulations. Finally, the model has been tested and compared to experimental and numerical results present in the literature.
Insights into the Formation and Structures of Molecular Gels by Diimidazolium Salt Gelators in Ionic Liquids or “Normal” Solvents

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Insights are provided into the properties of molecular gels formed by diimidazolium salts both in “normal” solvents and ionic liquids. These materials can be interesting for applications in green and sustainable chemistry in which ionic liquids play a significant role, like catalysis and energy. In particular, two positional isomers of a diimidazolium cation have been examined with a wide range of anions for their ability to form gel phases. In particular, di‐, tri‐, and tetravalent anions bearing aliphatic or aromatic spacers were paired with the divalent cations. The properties of the organo‐ and ionogels formed have been analyzed by means of several different techniques, including calorimetry, rheology, resonance light scattering, UV/Vis absorption, polarizing optical microscopy, and powder X‐ray diffraction measurements. The investigations performed enabled us to obtain a wide range of conductive materials characterized by a high thermal stability and a low corrosiveness of the gelator (organogels) or of both gelator and solvent (ionogels). The information gained should be useful in the broader quest to identify and promote their applications.
Prospective comparative trial to define the optimum time for insemination during stimulated intrauterine insemination cycles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives:To determine the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) of women who underwent clomiphene citrate (CC) and human menopausal gonadotropin ovarian stimulation (OS) followed by intrauterine insemination (IUI) at varied times after hCG ovulation triggering and to determine the appropriate IUI timing.Patients and Methods: 152 women with primary infertility secondary to male subfertility were randomly allocated into groups (I-IV) according to timing of IUI at 34-35, 35-36, 36-37, and 37-38hr after ovulation triggering.OS consisted of 5-days oral CC 100 mg once daily since day-3 of the menstrual cycle followed by daily injection of human menopausal gonadotropin 150 IU since day-8 until hCG injection.Ovulation was monitored using TVU for evident ovulation with a dominant follicle size >18 mm.IUI was repeated for three cycles and women were evaluated for clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and abortion and multiple pregnancy rates were recorded.Results: 44 women had clinical pregnancy for a total CPR of 28.9%.CPR% /patient was 15.8%, 34.2%, 42.1% and 23.7% and CPR%/cycle was 6, 14, 20 and 11 in the four groups, respectively with significant differences in favor of group III.Three women had ectopic and six women had multiple pregnancy and five women had abortion.Statistical analyses defined high number of performed IUI cycles as significantly negative, while longer time till IUI after hCG injection as significantly positive predictor for trial success.Kaplan-Meier regression analysis defined 37 hr (95% CI: 36.5-37.5)after hCG injection as the appropriate time to get the best chance for IUI success.Conclusion: IUI after CC + GN ovarian stimulation is an appropriate policy for infertile couples secondary to male subfertility.Total motile sperm count threshold at ≥5 million gives acceptable outcome.Semen injection at 37 hr after hCG ovulation triggering gives the highest CPR.