jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Resealed Erythrocytes: As A Drug Delivery Tool

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Being the most abundant cell in the human body, resealed erythrocytes have been utilized as a promising natural biological carrier for therapeutic delivery. In various therapeutics, delivery resealed erythrocytes are found to be an alternative delivery approach with overcoming toxic and rapid clearance effects, such as enzyme.loaded bioreactors performing vital reaction along with improving the enzymes circulation time, as drug-loaded carrier affords sustained release of drug and in drug, targeting delivers drugs release in specific target organs without recognition by the immune system. From the research level to clinical development, it has been observed that the drug carrier expedition faces many regulatory and industrial process development challenges. Resealed erythrocytes possess many remarkable properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, long circulation and flexibility to encapsulate a wide variety of therapeutic compounds via employing different chemical and physical methods. It is possible to obtain resealed RBCs by collecting them from the source of concern (e.g., humans, rats, rabbits, pigs, and so forth) through blood samples following the separation of RBCs. A number of techniques are then used for effective drug loadings, including hypotonic dialysis, hypotonic dilution, hypotonic preswelling, endocytosis, lipid fusion, electric cell fusion, and chemical disturbance. Up to date, resealed erythrocytes have been explored as a carrier for various therapeutic drug substances (antiviral, anti-inflammatory, steroids and anticancer, etc.), enzymes, antibiotics, and diagnostic agents. The main objective of this chapter is to emphasize the advantages, limitations, source, isolation, loading methodology, characterization parameters, and finally, to pay attention to in-vivo studies, clinical applications, and future potential of resealed erythrocytes.
“The Magnet Attracting”: Dreiser's Literary Style

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter describes the literary style of Theodore Dreiser, focusing on his novel Carrie. Despite much criticism on the writing style of Dreiser, this novel was praised for its unsparing realism and its minute detail. Accordingly, Dreiser was admired more as a chronicler of everyday life than as a philosophical sage. The chapter suggests that one of the major strengths of his work is its capacity to bring into view the new scenes and situations of urban life, which had been overlooked or occluded in the more rural fictions of late-nineteenth-century writers.
The Role of Technology in Gifted and Talented Education: A Review of Descriptive and Empirical Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Nowadays, we cannot exclude the use of technology from the technology-driven generation as the deployment of Information Technology become a necessity factor toward a successful process; especially in education due to its vital role in enhancing the students’ knowledge and skills development. One type of students that technology plays a major role in their development is gifted and talented students who have unique learning needs that are often overlooked in the traditional education setting. This research aims to explore the progress of technology use in gifted and talented education through reviewing and highlighting the best practices and research in this area based on both descriptive and empirical research. The review will include different areas of gifted programming such as learning and development, assessment, curriculum and learning environments. For this purpose, the online database is employed to extract the research done in the field between years 2010 to 2018. The contribution of this research resides in its exposure to the best practices of integrating technology in gifted and talented education through which teachers and practitioners can be encouraged to adopt them into their contexts. It also provides the researchers with intensive review of technology adoption for gifted and talented education with some suggestions for future research where they can focus their research on. Keywords: technology, gifted, talented, education, online
GENE THERAPY Lentiviral delivery of short hairpin RNAs protects CD4 T cells from multiple clades and primary isolates of HIV

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Viral heterogeneity is a major hurdle for potential therapeutic use of RNA interference (RNAi) against HIV-1. To determine the extent of RNAi tolerance to mutations, we tested 3 viral target sites with differing propensity for mutations: a highly variable rev sequence, a gag sequence conserved only among clade B isolates, and a vif sequence highly conserved across clades. Lentiviral expression of all 3 shRNAs inhibited replication of the homologous strain. However, they differed in HIVIIIB
Two New Compounds from Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The chemical constituents from the rhizome of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Pennell were studied. Column chromatographic techniques were used for isolation and purification of the chemical constituents of the CHCl 3 ,EtOAc and n-BuOH portion of the plant,the structures were elucidated by the means of IR,MS and NMR spectroscopy and chemical methods.Seventeen compounds were isolated and identified as:p-hydroxyhypnone, apocynin,ω-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid,syringaresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,vanillic acid,umbelliferon,cinnamic acid,scroneoside A,isoferulic acid,urs-2α,3,19,23-tetrahydroxyl-12-en-28-oic acid,ferulic acid,picroside II,aucubin, coniferin,catalpol,minecoside and scroside F.Among them,the structures of scroneoside A and scroside F were not found in literatures.
Organic Selenium Distribution in Selected California Soils

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The distribution of organic Se was determined in seven soils from central California. Six of these soils (one Typic Pelloxerert, three Typic Torriorthents, one Vertic Torriorthent, and one Entic Chromoxerert) were in a toposequence from an area thought to be relatively high (>1000 µg total Se kg −1 ) in native Se. The seventh soil, Yolo (a Typic Xerorthent), thought to be low in native Se, was included for comparison. Three of the soils in the toposequence had total Se levels less than 1000 µg kg −1 ; the basin soil (Tachi; Typic Pelloxerert) had less than the Yolo soil. A solution of 0.1 M NaOH/0.1 M Na 4 P 2 O 7 (alkaline pyrophosphate) extracted an average of 12% of the total Se, but this ranged from 5 to 32%. Organic Se accounted for 50% or more of the NaOH‐Na 4 P 2 O 7 extractable Se in all but the poorly drained Ciervo clay (Typic Torriorthent), which had about 40% in an organic form. Extracted organic Se compounds were fractionated into humates and hydrophobic and hydrophilic fulvates. Selenium associated with hydrophobic fulvates was high in the soils of intermediate toposequence elevation. Selenomethionine was identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the hydrophilic fulvate fraction of the Yolo soil and in three soils from the toposequence. The high percentage of extractable Se associated with organic matter in these soils represents a pool of potentially plant‐available Se.
Surgical treatment of esophageal carcinoma in the last 10 years.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

昭和41年の胸部外科学会において恩師赤倉一郎教授が食道癌外科治療における問題点を述べられたが, 約23年後の今日における問題点と今後の動向について外科治療上特に問題となるリンパ節郭清に焦点を絞り検討した.昭和55年4月より平成元年5月までの約9年間に457例の食道癌を経験したが, 切除例は385例で, そのうち胸部食道癌は344例であった.これらの臨床例の成績とこれを裏付ける動物実験の結果より, 以下の食道癌リンパ節郭清の概念を得た.1) Safe surgical marginの確保, 2) 密度の濃い, 質の高い郭清, 3) 食道の解剖学的特性に応じた重点的合理的郭清, 4) 機能温存を考慮し, 生体のトレランスを維持する郭清, 5) 生体への侵襲が少なく, 個々の癌腫の生物学的特性を考えた効率の良い郭清
Expression of leptin and leptin receptor isoforms in the human stomach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Leptin is an important regulator of food intake and energy expenditure. Initially it was thought to be expressed exclusively in and secreted by adipocytes. Recently, leptin expression was also noted in other tissues, including rat gastric mucosa. Information on leptin and leptin receptor expression in the human stomach is lacking. AIM To investigate expression of leptin and its corresponding receptors in human gastric epithelial cells. METHODS Fundic and antral gastric mucosal biopsies, primary cultures of human gastric epithelial cells, and the human gastric cancer cell line AGS were screened for expression of leptin and different leptin receptor isoform mRNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was performed for localisation of leptin and leptin receptor proteins in gastric mucosa. RESULTS mRNA of leptin and its four receptor isoforms (huOB-R, long receptor isoform; huB219.1–3, short receptor isoforms) was detected in gastric mucosal biopsies, cultured human gastric epithelial cells, and gastric cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that chief as well as parietal cells were reactive to leptin and leptin receptors. CONCLUSIONS Leptin and leptin receptors are expressed in human gastric mucosa. These findings suggest a paracrine and/or autocrine effect of leptin on gastric epithelial cell function.
Do fast food consumption and physical activities associate with blood pressure of senior high school students in South Tangerang, Indonesia?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prevalence of hypertension in adolescents is increasing. There are only a few studies of hypertension prevalence and its association with fast food consumption and physical activity in Indonesian adolescents. This study determines blood pressure status and its association with fast food consumption and physical activity in adolescents. This cross-sectional study was conducted during January and August 2018 in Senior High School in South Tangerang, Indonesia. We selected 220 students by proportional stratified random sampling. Blood pressure measurements were categorized as normal, prehypertension, or hypertension using the 2004 Fourth Report blood pressure screening recommendations. Fast food consumption was collected using the Food Frequency Questionnaire and divided into often and rare. Physical activity was categorized using the Baecke questionnaire into active and not active. Associations between fast food consumption and physical activity with blood pressure were determined using a chi-square test. Prevalence of prehypertension was 11.5% and hypertension was 12.0%. Fast food consumption and physical activity were not associated with prehyper-tension/hypertension (p value > 0.05). Hypertension and prehypertension were highly prevalent in the studied adolescents. There were no associations between fast food consumption and physical activity with adolescent blood pressure.
Restriction of uterine space reduces litter size in feral Ossabaw swine1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The influence of uterine crowding on litter size and the fetal capacity of the feral pig uterus were examined in a control (C) group and three groups of surgically altered feral (Ossabaw) gilts. The altered groups were unilaterally ovariectomized (UOX), unilaterally tubally ligated (UTL), or unilaterally hysterectomized-ovariectomized (UHOX). Litter sizes of C, UOX and UHOX at 30 days of gestation were similar and larger than the UTL group. At 45 days, litter size was reduced (P less than 0.06) in UHOX gilts. These results indicate that uterine capacity of feral swine is limiting after Day 30, and that the maximum litter size for the feral pig is 8 to 10.
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF THE LENS PROTEINS OF THE BOVINE EYE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ACCORDING to the monograph of Krause1, Berzelius, in 1830, found 36 per cent protein in the lens of the bovine eye. He called it crystallin and stated that it was related to globulin. Mörner,2at the end of the nineteenth century, attempted the division and isolation of the various proteins of the crystalline lens, which yielded fractions having individual characteristics. Besides the insoluble protein, albuminoid, he obtained two water-soluble proteins, which he designated as α and β crystallins, and a fourth protein obtained in amounts too small for quantitative analysis. These fractions, in spite of the arbitrary conditions of separation, isolation and denomination, had a certain degree of individuality. They were subjected to elementary analysis, and their carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur values were established. Only after the advent of Emil Fischer's ester method did the investigation of the amino acid composition of the isolated proteins become possible.
The reliability of results from national tests, public examinations, and vocational qualifications in England

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

National tests, public examinations, and vocational qualifications in England are used for a variety of purposes, including the certification of individual learners in different subject areas and the accountability of individual professionals and institutions. However, there has been ongoing debate about the reliability and validity of their results. This debate prompted the Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation (Ofqual), the regulator of qualifications and examinations in England, to initiate its Reliability of Results Programme in 2008 to investigate the reliability of results from regulated assessments. The purpose of this programme was to gather evidence to develop regulatory policy on assessment reliability in order to improve the national assessment systems in England. This paper provides a brief introduction to the Reliability Programme, discusses its main findings to date and their implications, and explores the impact of the development of regulatory policy on reliability for regulated assessments in England.
[Convergence of linguistic and psychoanalytic text studies. Exemplified by a case report from the Balint group].

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Vergleicht man linguistische Daten und psychoanalytische Interpretationen bei Textanalysen (hier eines Fallberichts aus einer Balint-Gruppe), so zeigt sich ein hoher Grad an Ubereinstimmung bezuglich der als »auffallend« bzw. »bedeutsam« bezeichneten Textstellen. Die Autoren vermuten, das sprachliche Auserungen nicht nur grammatischen Regeln im herkommlichen Sinne folgen, sondern zugleich Ausdruck einer psychodynamischen »Tiefengrammatik« sind.
Electrical Insulation Properties of Nanocomposites with SiO2and MgO Filler

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we attempt to improve the electrical characteristics of epoxy resin at high temperature (above $80^{\circ}C$) by adding magnesium oxide (MgO), which has high thermal conductivity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the dispersion of specimens with added MgO reveals that they are evenly dispersed without concentration. The dielectric breakdown characteristics of $SiO_2$ and MgO nanocomposites are tested by measurements at different temperatures to investigate the filler's effect on the dielectric breakdown characteristics. The dielectric breakdown strength of specimens with added $SiO_2$ decreases slowly below $80^{\circ}C$ (low temperature) but decreases rapidly above $80^{\circ}C$ (high temperature). However, the gradient of the dielectric breakdown strength of specimens with added MgO is slow at both low and high temperatures. The dielectric breakdown strength of specimens with 0.4 wt% $SiO_2$ is the best among the specimens with added $SiO_2$, and that of specimens with 3.0 wt% and 5.0 wt% MgO is the best among those with added MgO. Moreover, the dielectric strength of specimens with 3.0 wt% MgO at high temperatures is approximately 53.3% higher than that of specimens with added $SiO_2$ at $100^{\circ}C$, and that of specimens with 5.0 wt% of MgO is approximately 59.34% higher under the same conditions. The dielectric strength of MgO is believed to be superior to that of $SiO_2$ owing to enhanced thermal radiation because the thermal conductivity rate of MgO (approximately 42 $W/m{\cdot}K$) is approximately 32 times higher than that of $SiO_2$ (approximately 1.3 $W/m{\cdot}K$). We also confirmed that the allowable breakdown strength of specimens with added MgO at $100^{\circ}C$ is within the error range when the breakdown probability of all specimens is 40%. A breakdown probability of up to 40% represents a stable dielectric strength in machinery and apparatus design.
Revenge across Childhood and Adolescence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This volume brings together research on revenge across childhood and adolescence to explore how revenge is a part of normative development, but also arises from maladaptive social environments. The chapters demonstrate the ways in which revenge is intertwined with social, emotional, cognitive, and moral development as well as being informed by interpersonal experiences within familial, educational, community, and cultural social settings. The book summarizes international scholarship on revenge across early childhood to late adolescence from a wide variety of interdisciplinary perspectives to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. The authors address how individual differences in revenge emerge as an adaptation to the challenges faced when growing up in adverse social and societal conditions. They then suggest a range of avenues for effective intervention that take account of the complexity of revenge as a psychological and social phenomenon.
Metoder, organisering og læremateriell i moskéskoler i Norge

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the teaching approaches and materials in mosque schools in Norway, highlighting how Islamic supplementary education is organized and adjusted to the specific context where it is arranged. Drawing on observations and interviews from four mosques, the study shows how diverse teaching approaches are taking place in mosque schools: from Quranic recitation and memorization to interactive and context-sensitive methods influenced by Norwegian educational practices. Teachers adapt transnational pedagogical traditions while addressing local challenges, such as limited resources, mixed prior knowledge among students, and the need for culturally relevant, yet legitimate teaching materials. The findings reveal mosque schools as dynamic spaces where Islamic traditions are negotiated within a Norwegian context, fostering religious competence, ethical understanding, and a sense of belonging among Muslim youth. Mosque schools act as hubs of cultural transmission, where teachers help students navigate both Islamic tradition and Norwegian context.
[Variation of ultrastructural organization of the mitochondria of pea cells in vitro].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Unusual huge organelles together with mitochondria of typical organization were found in a part of population of callus cells of pea. They like mitochondria are surrounded by two biologic membranes, the inner one has invaginations. Inclusions in the matrix are a specific character of structural organization of these unusual mitochondria. These inclusions look as electronically dense bars that extend parallel to longitudinal axis of organelle and consist of fibril-like elements. Organization of inclusions and cristae as well as a shape of organelles are changing during cell development. Possible nature of the unusual mitochondria is discussed.
DroidDivesDeep: Android Malware Classification via Low Level Monitorable Features with Deep Neural Networks.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Android, the dominant smart device Operating System (OS) has evolved into a robust smart device platform since its release in 2008. Naturally, cyber criminals leverage fragmentation among varied major release by employing novel attacks. Machine learning is extensively used in System Security. Shallow Learning classifiers tend to over-learn during the training time; hence, the model under performs due to dependence on training data during real evaluation. Deep learning has the potential to automate detection of newly discovered malware families that learn the generalization about malware and benign files to be able to detect unseen or zero-day malware attacks.
Underwater fiber-optic salinity and pressure sensor based on surface plasmon resonance and multimode interference

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, an underwater fiber-optic sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and multimode interference (MMI) is presented for simultaneous measurement of salinity and pressure. This sensor is based on a single-mode-multimode-single-mode-multimode-single-mode structure with a gold film deposited on the middle single-mode fiber and the fiber structure is wrapped around an elastic cylinder to constitute a sensing head. In the fiber structure, the SPR region produces a resonance dip to measure salinity, and the independent MMI region achieves narrow and salinity-insensitive interference dips to measure pressure. Performance of the sensor is predicted by calculation, and the MMI spectrum is simulated by using the finite-difference beam propagation method. By experimental tests for salinity and pressure, the sensitivities of 0.36 nm/‰ and − 1.42 n m / M P a are achieved, respectively, and the cross talk is also proved to be insignificant. This study provides an important application direction for SPR-MMI sensors and a prospective method for ocean detection.
Marketing Strategy of High Throughput Satellite (HTS) Utilization For Indonesian Multifunctional Services in 3t Area

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Indonesia, as the biggest archipelagic country in the world, has a problem with the distribution of its network infrastructure to provide broadband access across the regions. It is very important to provide broadband access because Indonesia has entered the digital era which needs to access the data, Indonesia’s capacity needs to access the data are growing rapidly. A submarine cable can provided to connect the connections between cities and provinces, especially in the 3T area (frontier, outermost, and least developed region), but there’s still a lot of area in Indonesia that can’t covered with fiber optic cable because of many factors, the company can complete the uncovered area with satellite, named High Throughput Satellite (HTS) that will be completed in 2023. Based on condition above, the company must immediately develop an business strategy after the HTS activity, considering the business competition in Telecommunication industry. This study will be develop an marketing strategy for PT Angkasa Satu. The analysis used in preparing the alternative strategy in based on observations of internal and external factors of the company. The strategy analysis is carried out using the quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) method, TOWS analysis and the IE Matrix. The EFE and IFE Matrix are used to analyse the company’s strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Then TOWS analysis will define the several alternative strategy based on EFE and IFE. All the alternative will be calculated using the IE Matrix and QSPM. The result of this thesis is the strategy of focusing on the HTS external market utilization (marketing strategy) and the relevant strategy applied by the company to face the competition in the future.