jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An alternative method for assessing the equivalence among treatments in survival analysis

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This work aims to evaluate the use of parametric models instead of a nonparametric procedure to adjust survival curves related to different treatments, and to verify the equivalence among treatments by the multivariate method of cluster analysis. The dataset used to validate the method was obtained from a laboratory experiment with cutting ants. Eight colonies of cutting ants were used, each one receiving different treatments. The exponential, Weibull, log-normal, and logistic models were adjusted for each treatment, along with the usual Kaplan-Meier adjustment. The logistic model used was the best option for evaluating the survival of the ants. Therefore, this model was adjusted for each treatment. The estimates of the parameters of each adjusted model were clustered using Ward's method of multivariate technique of cluster analysis. Finally, heuristic techniques for choosing the number of clusters were applied in order to define the sets of equivalent treatments. For the dataset used, the proposed method was less laborious and as efficient as the logrank for the comparison of many survival curves.
Suppression of a "Drift-Type" Instability in a Magnetoplasma by a Feedback Technique

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the experimental details and the results obtained when using a feedback system to suppress drift instabilities present in a magnetoplasma.Received 28 April 1969DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.1358©1969 American Physical Society
A Survey of Psychiatrists in Boston and Their Work with Violent Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A survey indicated that fewer than half the psychiatrists in Boston evaluate or treat violent patients. Psychiatrists working with violent patients tended to be under 40 years of age and in residency training. Patterns of treatment, suggestions for prevention of violent episodes, types of patients, and sources of referral are described. The author suggests ways to encourage work with violent patients as well as future areas for research.
Designing liquefaction and saccharification processes of highly concentrated starch slurry: Challenges and recent advances

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Starch‐based sugars are an important group of starch derivatives used in food, medicine, chemistry, and other fields. The production of starch sugars involves starch liquefaction and saccharification processes. The production cost of starch sugars can be reduced by increasing the initial concentration of starch slurry. However, the usage of the highly concentrated starch slurry is characterized by challenges such as low reaction efficiency and poor product performance during the liquefaction and saccharification processes. In this study, we endeavored to provide a reference guide for improving high‐concentration starch sugar production. Thus, we reviewed the effects of substrate concentration on the starch sugar production process and summarized several potential strategies. These regulation strategies, such as physical field pretreatment, complex enzyme‐assisted, and temperature control, can significantly increase the starch concentration and mitigate the challenges of using highly concentrated starch slurry. We believe that highly concentrated starch sugar production will achieve a qualitative leap in the future. This review provides theoretical guidance and highlights the importance of high concentration in starch‐based sugar production. Further studies are needed to explore the fine structure and enzyme attack mode during the liquefaction and saccharification processes to regulate the production of more targeted products.
Art as freedom and power

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores Kim Tongin's (re-)invention of Western aestheticism in colonial modern Korea in his literary and literary-critical works from the late 1910s to the 1930s. I relate Kim's notion of the autonomy of art to the prevailing ideological concepts of the day—that is, the East Asian versions of the liberal concept of freedom and the social Darwinist ideology of power. The second part of the chapter considers the enduring legacy of Kim's aestheticism in the later entrenchment of the opposition between pure art and engaged art during the authoritarian era. It argues for the potential of aestheticism in deconstructing this dichotomy and in differently politicizing art, à la Rancière, by further diversifying and broadening the meaning of politics in/as art.
A New Series of Biorthogonal Wavelet Filters For

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstmct- A technique for deriving a new series of symmetric biorthogonal wavelets from a given symmetric regular Alter is presented. The main idea is to And a symmetric complementary regular Alter of the given Alter which has the least square amplitude deviation from the ideal halfband Alter. Thus from given regular symmetric Alter, or from a known symmetric biorthogonal wavelet, a new series of symmetric biothogonal wavelet Alter banks with better frequency selectivity can easily be designed. Once the complementary filter is found out, another complementary filter of this complementary Alter can again be obtained in the same way. Particularly, a new series of biorthogonal wavelet Alters are derived from the standard Anotonini 9/7 biorthogonal wavelets. Applying these wavelet to Alters to compression of the well known images of Lena, Barbara and Goldhill, etc, improved results in PSNR, are achieved.
Developing optimal power flow and DER control schemes for lowering system losses

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

There is a growing demand for sustainable energy and concerns for reliability and quality of power supply due to aging infrastructure of electricity transmission and distribution network. The introduction of microgrid (MG) can be used to mitigate the issues. It is a small scale and localized electricity supply system and is the most popular form of distributed generation. It has high flexibility and is able to run in both grid connected and autonomous operation. The integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) made it possible to supply the load without the main grid. However, the integration of DERs poses a conundrum for the Energy Management System (EMS). The traditional energy management system had to be re-evaluated. One such area is the Optimal Power Flow (OPF). The objectives of this report are to propose a power loss reduction plan for the MG, conduct a research on OPF and study the effectiveness of the algorithm. In this report, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is tested using IEEE-30 and IEEE-118 bus network. The objective functions considered in this simulation are minimizing system losses and maintaining bus voltage at nominal value. The report also studies the advantageous and disadvantageous of conventional and heuristic optimization approach. The existing OPF solver based on Quadratic Programming (QP) in Clean Energy Research Lab (CERL) is compared with the PSO and is tested with the microgrid system in Clean Energy Research Laboratory. The decision variables that are used in the microgrid system are the capacitor banks and tap changers. The effectiveness of the algorithm and the decision variables that are used to reduce the system losses is being analyzed.
The oxygen cost of breathing in patients with cardiorespiratory disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We measured the oxygen cost of breathing (VO2resp) in 13 patients with cardiorespiratory disease requiring artificial ventilation as the difference between the oxygen consumption during spontaneous respiration (VO2tot) and that during artificial ventilation (VO2nonresp). Average VO2tot was 312 +/- 90 ml/min (mean +/- 1 SD), whereas VO2nonresp was 246 +/- 38 ml/min (p less than 0.01). Average VO2resp was 75 +/- 82 ml/min (range, 8 to 286), representing 24% of VO2tot or 8.7 +/- 8.9 ml O2/L ventilation. In normal resting adults, VO2resp in 5 to 10 ml/min, about 1 to 3% VO2tot, or 0.25 to 2.5 ml O2/L ventilation. The VO2resp had an exponential relationship with FEV1 (r = 0.97) in 6 patients who had had prior spirometry. Because minute ventilation was normal in our patients (8.8 +/- 2.2 L/min), the elevated VO2resp represented an increase in the work of breathing as well as a decrease in the efficiency of the respiratory muscles. These results suggest that, where O2 transport is compromised, artificial ventilation may release substantial quantities of oxygen for use by other body systems.
Contrasting life history responses to fish released infochemicals of two co-occurring Daphnia species that show different migration behaviour

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In a previous field study (Flik & Vijverberg 2003) we showed that in an oligotrophic-mesotrophic lake in the Netherlands (L. Maarsseveen) two co-occurring Daphnia species, Daphnia pulicaria and Daphnia galeata × hyalina performed distinct vertical migration behaviour during summer which is induced by a high fish biomass of young perch. During late spring and summer, D. galeata × hyalina exhibits diel vertical migration, whereas D. pulicaria is staying down day and night in the hypolimnion. This difference in migration behaviour results in contrasting predation mortalities caused by fish, low for D. pulicaria and relatively high for D. galeata × hyalina. In the present study, we measured in the laboratory the effects of fish released infochemicals on five life history traits in four genetically distinct D. galeata × hyalina and three genetically distinct D. pulicaria clones collected during summer at day-time from the hypolimnion. We tested the hypothesis that the species which behaviour is providing the best protection against fish predation (i.e. D. pulicaria) is less protected by life history traits induced by fish released infochemicals than the species which by its behaviour is less well protected against fish predation (i.e. D. galeata × hyalina). Our results show that D. galeata × hyalina responded in three out of five traits differently to fish infochemicals than D. pulicaria. In all these three traits D. galeata × hyalina responded significantly to fish-released infochemicals, whereas D. pulicaria did not show any significant response at all. We conclude that in D. pulicaria behavioural defences trade-off against life history defences.
Mechanical Properties of LL6 Chondrites Under Pressures Relevant to Rocky Interiors of Icy Moons

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Icy moons in the outer Solar System likely contain rocky, chondritic interiors, but this material is rarely studied under confining pressure. The contribution of rocky interiors to deformation and heat generation is therefore poorly constrained. We deformed LL6 chondrites at confining pressures ≤100 MPa and quasistatic strain rates. We defined a failure envelope, recorded acoustic emissions (AEs), measured ultrasonic velocities, and retrieved static and dynamic elastic moduli for the experimental conditions. The Young's modulus, which quantifies stiffness, of the chondritic material increased with increasing confining pressure. The material reached its peak strength, which is the maximum supported differential stress ( σ 1 − σ 3 ), between 40 and 50 MPa confining pressure. Above this 40–50 MPa range of confining pressure, the stiffness increased significantly, while the peak strength dropped. Acoustic emission events associated with brittle deformation mechanisms occurred both during isotropic pressurization ( σ 1 = σ 2 = σ 3 ) as well as at low differential stresses during triaxial deformation ( σ 1 > σ 2 = σ 3 ), during nominally “elastic” deformation, indicating that dissipative processes are likely possible in the rocky interiors of icy moons. These events also occurred less frequently at higher confining pressures. We therefore suggest that the chondritic interiors of icy moons could become less compliant, and possibly less dissipative, as a function of the moons' pressure and size.
Human islet transplantation: expectation versus reality

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although experimental islet isolation and transplantation has continued for over 25 years, the results of human islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes were disappointing until June 2000 when the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada reported 100% insulin independence in a cohort of seven patients. The study introduced several innovations now under evaluation worldwide. In the United Kingdom, an Islet Transplant Consortium has been established to co-ordinate clinical trials in several centres. The Canadian results have renewed hope of establishing islet transplantation as a treatment for diabetes while highlighting the need to identify plentiful sources of insulin secreting tissue and alternatives to current immunosuppressive therapies.
No Load Behavior Prediction of Large Five-Legged Transformers Using Topological Transient Models

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The work proposes a method of reproducing the no-load losses and currents of large five-legged transformers with the use of their transient models. This aim is achieved by employing topological transformer models based on a dynamic hysteresis model (DHM) and taking into account equivalent transformer capacitances. It is proposed to reproduce initially the measured total losses by using DHM means, and then to determine an equivalent per phase capacitance value that provides a best possible coincidence of calculated and measured current waveforms.
Comparing development and regeneration in the submandibular gland highlights distinct mechanisms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A common question in organ regeneration is the extent to which regeneration recapitulates embryonic development. To investigate this concept, we compared the expression of two highly interlinked and essential genes for salivary gland development, Sox9 and Fgf10 , during submandibular gland development, homeostasis and regeneration. Salivary gland duct ligation/deligation model was used as a regenerative model. Fgf10 and Sox9 expression changed during regeneration compared to homeostasis, suggesting that these key developmental genes play important roles during regeneration, however, significantly both displayed different patterns of expression in the regenerating gland compared to the developing gland. Regenerating glands, which during homeostasis had very few weakly expressing Sox9‐positive cells in the striated/granular ducts, displayed elevated expression of Sox9 within these ducts. This pattern is in contrast to embryonic development, where Sox9 expression was absent in the proximally developing ducts. However, similar to the elevated expression at the distal tip of the epithelium in developing salivary glands, regenerating glands displayed elevated expression in a subpopulation of acinar cells, which during homeostasis expressed Sox9 at lower levels. A shift in expression of Fgf10 was observed from a widespread mesenchymal pattern during organogenesis to a more limited and predominantly epithelial pattern during homeostasis in the adult. This restricted expression in epithelial cells was maintained during regeneration, with no clear upregulation in the surrounding mesenchyme, as might be expected if regeneration recapitulated development. As both Fgf10 and Sox9 were upregulated in proximal ducts during regeneration, this suggests that the positive regulation of Sox9 by Fgf10, essential during development, is partially reawakened during regeneration using this model. Together these data suggest that developmentally important genes play a key role in salivary gland regeneration but do not precisely mimic the roles observed during development.
Pay Plans for Co-op Tank Truck Salesmen

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Excerpts from the report: The success of petroleum cooperatives depends largely on the kind of job the tank truck salesmen or servicemen turn in. Their performance greatly affects over-all volume, the number of new patrons and members obtained, delivery costs, credit control, and membership relations. Why do some tank truck salesmen perform much better than others? Does the method by which they are paid make much difference? Interest in these questions has been growing among cooperatives and their salesmen. This publication, in response to that interest, briefly highlights the information collected in a more detailed study made at the request of the Retail Petroleum Research Committee of the National Council of Farmer Cooperatives.
[The sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of PAIgG, reticulated platelets, thrombopoietin levels, and platelet size for the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We evaluated measurements of PAIgG, reticulated platelets (RP), plasma thrombopoietin (TPO) levels, and platelet size to determine whether these parameters were useful for the differential diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), aplastic anemia (AA), and hypoplastic thrombocytopenia (HypoT). The percentage of RP (%RP) in patients with ITP was significantly higher (25.2 +/- 11.0%, P < 0.001) than in normal subjects (7.9 +/- 2.8), and the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of %RP in diagnosing ITP were 82%, 95%, 96%, respectively. On the other hand, TPO levels in patients with AA and HypoT were significantly higher (355.5 +/- 218.7 pg/ml, P < 0.001, and 376.4 +/- 347.2, P < 0.001, respectively) than in normal subjects (36.7 +/- 23.0). The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of TPO in diagnosing AA and HypoT were 88%, 89% and 86%, respectively. We also sought to determine whether the simultaneous measurement of %RP and TPO improved their value in the differential diagnosis of ITP, AA, and HypoT. However, simultaneous measurement did not yield significant improvements in sensitivty, specificity, or predictive value. These results indicated that measurements of %RP will suffice for the diagnosis of ITP, and that measurements of TPO are adequate for the diagnosis of AA and HypoT.
Short Communication Departamento de Microbiologıa, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain Long-term Preservation of Podosphaera fusca Using Silica Gel

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Podosphaera fusca is the main causal agent of cucurbit powdery mildew in Spain and one of the most import-ant limiting factors for cucurbit production worldwide. As an obligate biotrophic parasite, this fungus has been traditionally cultured and conserved by periodical transfers of conidia to fresh plant material. Here we describe a simple protocol for preservation of P. fusca isolates in absence of living tissue based on the dry spore, slow-freezing technique, and demonstrate that storage of silica gel desiccated conidia at)80C is an efficient method for the long-term preservation of the pathogen.
LHD 2-O_RL01 #178113.1 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 2-O port camera, where ROI is (938,702) - (994,778) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
Metabolism of cysteine in Ehrlich ascites tumour, mouse skeletal muscles and liver.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The cell membrane of intact Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells limits the penetration and thus the utilization of exogenous cysteine in vitro. In homogenates the uptake of cysteine is the greatest in skeletal muscle, smaller in EAT and the smallest in liver. 2-Oxoglutarate, initiating the pyruvate pathway of cysteine catabolism, raises cysteine utilization only in liver homogenates. Although it also raises taurine formation, it shifts the equilibrium from the oxidative toward the anaerobic pyruvate pathway of cysteine metabolism. 2-Oxoglutarate has no effect on cysteine metabolism in EAT and only a small effect on this process in muscle homogenates. Limitation of cysteine metabolism in the pyruvate pathway in tumour cells is not compensated by increased cysteine oxidation. The greatest increase in protein thiol groups was observed in EAT homogenates; it was markedly reduced in the presence of 2-oxoglutarate.
PRINCIPLES OF KELVIN PROBE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND APPLICATIONS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) is a technique aiming at the detection and compensation of electrostatic forces arising between a nanoprobe (the tip of the microscope) and a surface (hereafter referred to as the electrodes) when they are biased. The origin of these forces differs upon the distance between the electrodes [1]. At large distance (>1nm), electrostatic forces can be quantitatively connected to the Contact Potential Difference (CPD) between the electrodes, i.e. the difference between their work functions. Thus the technique gives a quantitative CPD map of the surface on the local scale [2]. When measured closer to the surface (in the range of 0.5-1 nm), short-range electrostatic forces start to get involved in the imaging process. Then, a KPFM image with atomic-scale resolution can be achieved [3]. However, in this situation, the origin of the KPFM signal rather reflects atomic-scale properties of the surface, among which its local polarizability. The ability for the technique to provide access to the CPD and other properties down to the atomic-scale makes KPFM widely used in surface science nowadays. In the 1990's, the KPFM technique has been successfully coupled with noncontact-AFM [1]. The possibility to perform joint experiments where structural and electronic properties become accessible in a row made the couple KPFM/nc-AFM attractive and intensively developed and used in numerous research labs. The goal of this lecture will be to discuss experimental (technical implementation, modes, time constants considerations, artefacts...) and theoretical aspects (long-/short-range electrostatic forces) of the KPFM technique when coupled with nc-AFM and to illustrate these by means of examples taken from recent literature.
The association of dental education with pediatric Medicaid participation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose This study examines whether characteristics of dental education, practice characteristics and state Medicaid policies are associated with dentists’ pediatric Medicaid participation. Methods Cross‐sectional analysis of data about dentists’ Medicaid participation in 2016, based on current practice characteristics and characteristics of dental schools they attended 5 to 10 years earlier. We analyze data about 22,500 general and pediatric dentists, drawn from the American Dental Association's Masterfile for 2016 and its dental school survey for 2009‐10. The primary outcome is whether dentists participated in Medicaid—enrolled to accept Medicaid patients and payments—in at least 1 of their practice sites in 2016. Results A majority (55%) of dentists accepted Medicaid in at least 1 practice site, while a quarter (24%) accepted Medicaid in all their sites. Dentists who attended schools with higher tuition rates were less likely to serve Medicaid patients at any site several years later (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = .761). Dental schools’ receipt of grants that encourage community‐based training were associated with increased Medicaid participation at all sites (AOR = 1.22). Those practicing in rural areas also had higher Medicaid participation (AOR = 2.62). A 10% increase in Medicaid reimbursement rates was associated with increased Medicaid participation at any site (AOR = 1.24). Conclusions Dental school practices and state Medicaid policies are associated with whether dentists care for Medicaid patients. Changes in dental school or Medicaid policies, such as higher reimbursement rates, could help encourage more dentists to accept Medicaid patients, thereby increasing access to care.